bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Estimation of State of Charge for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Shing-Lih , Chen Hung-Cheng , Chou Shuo-Rong
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a novel impedance-based approach to efficiently estimate the state of charge (SOC) of a Li-ion battery. By using an AC impedance analyzer, a database is constructed, containing records of AC impedance versus SOC. In practical applications, the SOC values can be found instantly once the contents of the database are referenced. For validation purposes, AC impedance comparisons are conducted using AC impedance analyzer as a benchmark at SOC of 0%, 50% and 100%, which indicate errors of 8.636%, 2.604% and 0.600%, respectively.
An Improved CO2 Separation and Purification System Based on Cryogenic Separation and Distillation Theory
Authors: Xu Gang , Liang Feifei , Yang Yongping , Hu Yue , Zhang Kai , Liu Wenyi
Published: May 2014

In this study, an improved CO2 separation and purification system is proposed based on in-depth analyses of cryogenic separation and distillation theory as well as the phase transition characteristics of gas mixtures containing CO2. Multi-stage compression, refrigeration, and separation are adopted to separate the majority of the CO2 from the gas mixture with relatively low energy penalty and high purity. Subsequently, the separated crude liquid CO2 is distilled under high pressure and near ambient temperature conditions so that low energy penalty purification is achieved. Simulation results indicate that the specific energy consumption for CO2 capture is only 0.425 MJ/kgCO2 with 99.9% CO2 purity for the product. Techno-economic analysis shows that the total plant investment is relatively low. Given its technical maturity and great potential in large-scale production, compared to conventional MEA and SelexolTM absorption methods, the cost of CO2 capture of the proposed system is reduced by 57.2% and 45.9%, respectively. The result of this study can serve as a novel approach to recovering CO2 from high CO2 concentration gas mixtures.
Adiponectin Isoforms Differentially Affect Gene Expression and the Lipidome of Primary Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Wanninger Josef , Liebisch Gerhard , Eisinger Kristina , Neumeier Markus , Aslanidis Charalampos , Voggenreiter Lisa , Pohl Rebekka , Weiss Thomas , Krautbauer Sabrina , Buechler Christa
Published: May 2014

Adiponectin (APN) exerts multiple beneficial effects in obesity and protects from liver injury. Different APN isoforms circulate in serum, and here, the effect of low molecular weight (LMW) and higher molecular weight (HMW) APN on primary human hepatocytes (PHH) has been analyzed. APN is not detected in hepatocyte lysates; levels are strongly increased by HMW-APN, but not by LMW-APN, suggesting the distinct uptake/degradation of APN isoforms by PHH. Several genes with a role in fibrosis, glucose and lipid metabolism known to be regulated by HMW-APN are not affected by the LMW-isoform. Follistatin is reduced by HMW-APN and induced by LMW-APN in supernatants of PHH. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is repressed by both isoforms. Cellular triglycerides and cholesterol levels are not reduced by APN. Total phospholipids, including plasmalogens and sphingomyelins, are not changed upon APN incubation, while distinct species are either induced or repressed. Unexpectedly, total ceramide is increased by LMW-APN. Current data show that APN isoforms differentially affect hepatocyte gene expression, but do not grossly alter the hepatocyte lipidome.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Phomopsis sp., an Endophytic Fungus from Senna spectabilis
Authors: Chapla Vanessa , Zeraik Maria , Ximenes Valdecir , Zanardi Lisinéia , Lopes Márcia , Cavalheiro Alberto , Silva Dulce , Young Maria , Fonseca Luiz , Bolzani Vanderlan , Araújo Angela
Published: May 2014

Chemical investigation of an acetonitrile fraction from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. led to the isolation of the new natural product 2-hydroxy-alternariol (7) together with the known compounds cytochalasins J (1) and H (2), 5'-epialtenuene (3) and the mycotoxins alternariol monomethyl ether (AME, 4), alternariol (AOH, 5) and cytosporone C (6). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by using 1-D and 2-D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and high resolution mass spectrometry. The cytochalasins J (1) and H (2) and AOH (5) exhibited potent inhibition of the total ROS (reactive oxygen species) produced by stimulated human neutrophils and acted as potent potential anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, cytochalasin H (2) demonstrated antifungal and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibition in vitro.
Associations of nm23H1, VEGF-C, and VEGF-3 Receptor in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yang Zui-Su , Xu Yin-Feng , Huang Fang-Fang , Ding Guo-Fang
Published: May 2014

We studied the expression of the non-metastatic clone 23 type 1 (nm23H1) gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, and its receptor VEGFR-3 using an in situ hybridization technique and immunohistochemical analyses with prostate cancer tissues and adjacent benign tissues of 52 human archival cases. The association between VEGF-C expression, microlymphatic count (MLC), and staining intensity for nm23H1 and VEGFR-3 was used to evaluate tumor metastasis and survival rate. MLC values were significantly higher in tumorous tissue than in non-cancerous tissue. VEGF-C mRNA, VEGFR-3, and nm23H1 were highly expressed in tumorous tissue. VEGFR-3 expression was greater in VEGF-C mRNA-positive tumors than in VEGF-C mRNA-negative tumors. The association of VEGFR-3 expression with VEGF-C mRNA and MLC suggested that the poor prognosis and tumor metastasis associated with VEGFR-3 expression may be due, in part, to its role in promoting angiogenesis. VEGF-C expression was significantly associated with tumor lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune response as a potent multifunctional stimulating factor in prostate cancer. Expression of nm23H1 was significantly inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, there was a strong negative correlation between the expression of nm23H1, VEGF-C mRNA, and MLC. These findings provide important information for prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
Quadratic Phase Couplings in the EEG of Premature and Full-term Newborn during Quiet Sleep
Authors: Eiselt M. , Schlattmann P. , Witte H. , Schiecke K.
Published: May 2014

Introduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Neural Signals and Images“.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare rhythmicities in the quadratic phase coupling (QPC) in the tracé discontinue EEG patterns (TD) of premature newborns and the tracé alternant EEG patterns (TA) of full-term newborns by means of time-variant bispectral analysis. Both pattern occur during quiet sleep and are characterized by an ongoing sequence of interburst and burst patterns. The courses of time-variant bispectral measures during the EEG burst most likely indicate specific interrelations between cortical and thalamocortical brain structures.

Methods: The EEG of a group of premature (n = 5) and of full-term (n = 5) newborns was analysed. Time-variant QPC was investigated by means of time-variant parametric bispectral analysis. The frequency plain [0.5 Hz, 1.5 Hz] × [3 Hz, 6 Hz] was used as the region-of-interest (ROI).

Results: QPC rhythms with a frequency of 0.1 Hz (8 – 11 s) were found in all full-term newborns at all electrodes. For the premature newborns the QPC rhythms were less stable and slower (< 0.1 Hz, 11 – 17 s) at all electrodes and showed a higher inter-individual variation than for the full-term newborns. Statistically, the adaptation of a linear mixed model revealed a difference of about 5 s between both groups of newborns.

Conclusions: The comparison of the results of both groups of newborns indicates a development in the interaction between cortical, thalamocortical and neurovegetative structures in the neonatal brain.
Infections: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Authors: Levine Milton I
Published: May 2014

A Pediatrician's View
On Another Honor Bestowed. . .
Authors: Roash Richard N
Published: May 2014

Message from the Publisher
Infantile Exotropia in Healthy Children
Authors: Rubin Steven E , Nelson Leonard B , Wagner Rudolph S , Simon John W , Catatano Robert A
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Constant exotropia is uncommon during the first year of life. We retrospectively identified 13 patients with large, constant exotropia during the first year of life which required surgery. Bilateral lateral rectus muscle recessions were done in all 13 cases. Only two patients have required reoperation. The clinical characteristics and management of this unusual condition are similar to those of infantile esotropia.
A Pediatrician's View
Authors: Hoekelman Robert A
Published: May 2014

Remedies to Enhance Resilience
A Pediatrician's View
Authors: Hoekelman Robert A
Published: May 2014

Why Deaths From Head Injuries Are on the Decline
A Pediatrician's View
Authors: Hoekelman Robert
Published: May 2014

Should General Pediatricians Treat Their Patients Who Have Bacterial Meningitis?
A Pediatrician's View
Authors: Hoekelman Robert A
Published: May 2014

Epiglottitis: Another Dying Disease?
A Pediatrician's View
Authors: Hoekelman Robert A
Published: May 2014

Juvenile Diabetes: Prevention, Control, and Cure
A Pediatrician's View
Authors: Altemeier William A
Published: May 2014

Dangerous Alliances
Numerical Simulation of Tank Discharge Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Korzani Maziar Gholami , Galindo-Torres Sergio Andres , Williams David , Scheuermann Alexander
Published: May 2014

The study concerns the application of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method within computational fluid dynamics. In the present study, a tank discharge with a falling head is investigated. Water is modelled as a viscous fluid with weak compressibility. An enhanced treatment of the solid boundaries is used within the two-dimensional SPH scheme. The boundaries are represented by a special set of SPH particles that differ from the ones representing the fluid by being immovable, preventing the fluid from leaving the container. Particles with different colors are used to illustrate the sequence of the empting the tank as well as the velocity vectors to show stream lines. A code is developed using C++ to solve all equations explicitly by use of a Verlet algorithm. Results are compared to an analytical solution, and a good agreement is achieved.
Comparison of Semi-Implicit and Explicit Finite Difference Algorithms on Highly Parallel Processing Architectures
Authors: Stewart Nicholas J. , Holmes David W. , Lin Wen Xian , Armfield Steven W. , Kirkpatrick Michael P.
Published: May 2014

Modern GPUs (graphical processing units) are a common source of processing power inmany supercomputers. Their performance derives from the highly parallel architecture that is em-ployed and have the benefit of low cost, temperature and power consumption. Two finite differencemodels have been implemented on GPU, a semi-implicit and an explicit algorithm, to numericallymodel a stratified shear layer, that needs fine meshes to be modelled accurately. The GPU modelswere shown to improve performance by factors of around 50x and 20x for the semi-implicit and ex-plicit models respectively.
Risk Forecast of In-Stent Restenosis by CFD Method
Authors: Lin Chang Yan , Liu Xiu Jian , Liu Yu Yang , Xu Chuang Ye , Wu Guang Hui
Published: May 2014

The treatment of plaques near and involving coronary bifurcations (CB) is especially challenging, considering more plaques localized these regions and higher post-interventional in-stent restenosis (ISR) risk, mainly due to hemodynamic injury provoked on the arterial wall. Therefore optimization of stenting should begin with an understanding of how disease localized to these regions and why ISR formed associated with flow patterns. We chose four patients with bifurcation lesions, two patients with ISR and two without ISR according to the follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA). Based on patient-specific pre-interventional and virtual stented geometries from CTA images, numerical simulation indicated that the wall shear stress (WSS) in stented segments, where the ISR occurred in one year, was lower than those without ISR, however. For bifurcation lesion, the stenting segments WSS is supposed a marker to forecast the ISR risk after stent treatment.
A Finite Element Investigation into the Effects of Head Size and Trunnion Design on the Micromotion at the Head-Neck Interface in THR
Authors: Theodore W. , Pierrepont J. , Li Q. , Miles B.
Published: May 2014

The modularity of femoral head and femoral stem provides many benefits to surgeons. However, case-reports have shown failure in large head Metal-on-Metal hip replacement due to trunnionosis. The exact causes of trunnionosis are not yet identified but the additional interface at the modular joint seems to be a contributing factor. In this study, a three dimensional non-linear finite element model was created to analyse the effects of head size and trunnion design on the micromotion at the head-neck interface. Four different metal head sizes and two trunnions designs and materials were used in the model. The femoral heads were assembled onto the trunnions with 7kN axial force and one cycle of gait load was applied to the head after assembly. The study showed that the micromotion was substantially increased in femoral head larger than 36mm. Trunnions material has greater effect on micromotion than trunnion design, particularly with the larger head sizes. The stability at the modular junction is important. Our findings suggest that there is a limit of assembly force to maintain enough stability on the joint; beyond this limit; the maximum micromotion will not be affected.
Tuneable Resonance Properties of Graphene by Nitrogen-Dopant
Authors: Zhan Hai Fei , Wei Ye , Gu Yuan Tong
Published: May 2014

Doping as one of the popular methods to manipulate the properties of nanomaterials has received extensive application in deriving different types of graphene derivates, while the understanding of the resonance properties of dopant graphene is still lacking in literature. Based on the large-scale molecular dynamics simulation, reactive empirical bond order potential, as well as the tersoff potential, the resonance properties of N-doped graphene were studied. The studied samples were established according to previous experiments with the N atom’s percentage ranging from 0.38%-2.93%, including three types of N dopant locations, i.e., graphitic N, pyrrolic N and pyridinic N. It is found that different percentages of N-dopant exert different influence to the resonance properties of the graphene, while the amount of N-dopant is not the only factor that determines its impact. For all the considered cases, a relative large percentage of N-dopant (2.65% graphitic N-dopant) is observed to introduce significant influence to the profile of the external energy, and thus lead to an extremely low Q-factor comparing with that of the pristine graphene. The most striking finding is that the natural frequency of the defective graphene with N-dopant’s percentage higher than 0.89% appears larger than its pristine counterpart. For the perfect graphene, the N-dopant shows larger influence to its natural frequency. This study will enrich the current understanding of the influence of dopants on graphene, which will eventually shed lights on the design of different molecules-doped graphene sheet.
Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis on the Effects of Bifurcation Angle Asymmetry in a Left Main Coronary Artery Model
Authors: Javadzadegan Ashkan , Fakhim Babak , Nakkas Rahman T. , Behnia Masud
Published: May 2014

This study was to investigate the effect of the bifurcation angle asymmetry on recirculation flow, pressure drop and wall shear stress (WSS) in an atherosclerotic model of a left coronary artery with left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) branches. The linear regression analysis results showed that there is a positive correlation between WSS and bifurcation angle asymmetry. However, small increase in the WSS magnitude due to the increase in bifurcation angle asymmetry revealed the angle asymmetry does not seem to have a profound effect on the WSS. The results also showed that the bifurcation angle asymmetry play a prominent role in determining the pressure drop and recirculation area, while having relatively unnoticeable effects on the wall shear stress (WSS).
Validate Mandible Finite Element Model under Removable Partial Denture (RPD) with In Vivo Pressure Measurement
Authors: Suenaga Hanako , Chen Jun Ning , Li Wei , Yamaguchi Keiichiro , Sasaki Keiichi , Li Qing , Swain Michael V.
Published: May 2014

This study aims to analyze the functional contact pressure induced by Removable Partial Denture (RPD) by using a 3D finite element (FE) model constructed based on patient specific CT scans. This model was validated against the in vivo test results. The outcomes demonstrate that the finite element simulation has the capability of quantifying localized stress distribution in a complicated denture-mucosa contact problem, with a reasonable matching to clinical measurements of occlusal force and pressure distribution. The methodology is of considerable clinical implication to improve the long term outcomes of the denture treatment.
Coupled Finite Element Analysis of Partially Embedded Offshore Pipelines during Vertical Penetration
Authors: Ansari Yousef , Kouretzis George P. , Sheng Dai Chao
Published: May 2014

Diverse vertical embedment response is observed for partially embedded pipelines when experimentally tested under similar initial and boundary conditions. Although vertical resistance of pipelines is presented through simple analytical solutions, a number of factors contribute to complications in implementing these theories into practice. The objectives of this research is to provide a more detailed investigation on the vertical embedment for the partially-embedded pipelines (PEPs) using a coupled large deformation finite element (CLDFE) analysis with contact. A modified Cam Clay (MCC) model represents the elastoplastic response of the soil. The model of pipeline embedment investigates the effect of drainage condition on heave forming with respect to rate of penetration. Besides, effect of frictional contact on the heave development and wedging effect is investigated and design-related considerations are proposed. It is shown that depending on the rate of pipeline penetration and soil consolidation rate, the pipeline penetration response can be categorised as undrained, partially drained or fully drained.
A Comparison of Conic Programming Software for Finite Element Limit Analysis
Authors: Podlich Nathan Carl , Lyamin Andrei V. , Sloan Scott William
Published: May 2014

Some common criteria for predicting the plastic failure of geomaterials, including the Mohr-Coulomb model, can be represented as conic constraints. Thus, by formulating finite element limit analysis (FELA) problems with such materials as second-order cone programs (SOCPs), solutions to small-and medium-scale problems are readily obtained using current state-of-the-art optimisation software that are based on polynomially-bounded interior-point methods (IPMs). Unfortunately, when progressing to large-scale 2D and 3D problems, these schemes often struggle with the increased computational burden of obtaining a search direction at each iteration of the IPM using conventional direct solvers that implement some form of Gaussian elimination. In this paper, current conic optimisation software is compared for some medium and large-sized FELA problems. Additionally, a scheme which avoids the factorisation of large linear systems, through the use of a Krylov subspace solver, is developed and compared to existing software.
A Numerical Approach for the Determination of the Primary Fabric of Granular Soils
Authors: To Huu Duc , Galindo-Torres Sergio Andres , Scheuermann Alexander
Published: May 2014

Granular soil as a porous medium consists of particles, touching each other and forming a solid skeleton with interconnected pores. The transfer of externally applied loads is in most cases not homogeneous, but takes place mostly in a limited number of particles creating so-called force chains. The assembly of force chains is frequently referred to the primary fabric of a soil. The knowledge of the primary fabric is of vital importance for the analysis of many soil behaviours as, for instance, in the assessment of suffusion. Most of the current numerical models, mostly based on a discrete element approach, generate an artificial soil specimen by creating particles randomly. Therefore, particle position is not under control at all, and as a consequence the influence from particle arrangement on the creation of the primary fabric is neglected. This paper presents a sequential packing method, which allows studying two different types of particle arrangements for a given and constant grain size distribution: (1) layer-wise, producing a layered structure and (2) discrete, leading to a rather homogeneous soil structure. The generated soil specimens are compacted using a discrete element model under oedometric boundary conditions and zero gravity to create force chains within the soil structure. These force chains are then analysed to determine the soil fraction contributing to the load transfer. The results of the study provide an evidence of the influence of the particle arrangements on the appearance of the soil skeleton and the fraction of particles involved.
A Complementarity Approach for Elastoplastic Analysis of Frames with Uncertainties
Authors: Yang Cheng Wei , Tin-Loi Francis , Tangaramvong Sawekchai , Gao Wei
Published: May 2014

Traditional elastoplastic analysis presumes that all structural data are known exactly. However, these values often cannot be predicted precisely: they are influenced by such factors as manufacturing errors, material defects, and environmental changes. Ignoring these may lead to inaccurate (overly conservative or nonconservative) results. It is thus important that the effects of uncertain data be quantified in a reliable assessment of structural safety. This paper presents the elastoplastic analysis of skeletal frames with uncertaintiesassumed to be interval quantities (i.e. with known upper and lower bounds). Starting from the well-known mixed complementarity program (MCP) statement of the state problem without uncertainties, we extend this to an optimisation problem formulation involving complementarity constraints (that represent the plastic nature of the ductile material). Calculations for both upper and lower bounds of displacements corresponding to monotonically increasing loads are computed. The final results are checked through a comparison with interval limit analyses and Monte Carlo simulations.
Nonlinear Long-Term Analysis of Timber-Concrete Composite Structures with Finite Element-Finite Difference Scheme
Authors: Khorsandnia Nima , Valipour Hamid R. , Crews Keith
Published: May 2014

Long-term analysis of timber-concrete composite (TCC) structures is a challenging task owing to the time-dependent behaviour of timber, concrete and connections which are highly nonlinear under variable environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, humidity). In this paper an efficient numerical method that takes advantage of a finite element-finite difference (FE-FD) scheme is presented. The differential equations governing the long-term behaviour of TCC section under variable humidity are solved using the FD scheme and the differential equations governing the mechanical behaviour of the composite beam are solved by a FE formulation recast in the framework of force-interpolation concept. The comparison between experimental data and numerical results shows the sufficient accuracy of the proposed FE-FD model for capturing long-term behaviour of TCC members.
A Cohesive Model with Frictional Effects on Strength and Stiffness under Transverse Compression
Authors: Guiamatsia Irene , Nguyen Giang Dinh
Published: May 2014

Failure develops and propagates through a structure via a complex sequence of competing micro-mechanisms occurring simultaneously. While the active mechanism of surface debonding is the source of loss of stiffness and cohesion, friction between cracked surfaces, upon their closure, acts as a passive dissipation mechanism behind the quasi-brittleness and hence can increase the toughness of the material under favorable loading conditions. In order to numerically study damage propagation, the constitutive response must be able to faithfully capture, both qualitatively and quantitatively, one of the signature characteristic of failure: the energy dissipation. In this paper, we present an interface decohesive model for discrete fracture that is able to capture the apparent enhancement of interfacial properties that is observed when transverse compressive loads are applied. The model allows to seamlessly account for the additional frictional dissipation that occurs when the loading regime involves transverse compression, whether during debonding or after full delamination. This constitutive model is then used to successfully predict the response of realistic engineering structures under generalized loading conditions as demonstrated with the numerical simulation of a fiber push-out test.
Selection of Integral Functions for Normal Mode Analysis in Topology Optimization
Authors: Tong Li Yong , Luo Quan Tian
Published: May 2014

This article investigates topology optimization for normal mode analysis using a moving iso-surface threshold method. Fundamental natural frequency needs to be calculated for many engineering structures and maximizing its value is an interesting topic in topology optimization. Optimal design for the maximum fundamental frequency may appear to be a trivial issue or impractical design. Reinforcements by introducing non-designable elements and non-structural mass or concentrated mass are often used. In this article, these issues will be solved by choosing an appropriate Φ function that is an integral function in the moving iso-surface threshold method. The proposed Φ function is expressed as strain and kinetic energy densities for a series of normal modes. By selecting the energy densities of different mode shapes, optimal topologies to maximize structural fundamental frequency are studied.
Optimal Retrofitting of Structures Using Braces
Authors: Tangaramvong Sawekchai , Tin-Loi Francis
Published: May 2014

The paper presents a mathematical programming based approach for the efficient retrofitting, with braces, of structures subjected to multiple load cases and serviceability limitations, simultaneously. The method is based on a simple ground structure concept that generates within a design domain all possible cross braces, and then automates the decision as to which brace members are retained or eliminated using unknown 0-1 variables. The optimization minimizes simultaneously the total number and volume of design braces. The governing problem takes the form of a disjunctive and combinatorial optimization program, cast as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. We propose a two-step optimization algorithm to solve the MINLP, in which the first step processes a standard nonlinear programming (NLP) problem by relaxing the binary variables to a continuous bounded system, the results of which form an initial basis for the second and final solve of the MINLP problem with binary variables.
Topology Optimization of Photonic Band Gap Crystals
Authors: Huang Xiao Dong , Zhou Shi Wei , Xie Yi Min , Li Qing
Published: May 2014

This paper proposes a new topology optimization algorithm based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method for the design of photonic band gap crystals. The photonic crystals are assumed to be periodically composed of two given dielectric materials. Based on the finite element analysis, the proposed BESO algorithm gradually re-distributes dielectric materials within the unit cell until the resulting photonic crystals possess a maximal band gap at the desirable frequency level. Numerical examples for both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations are presented, and the optimized photonic crystals exhibit novel patterns markedly different from traditional designs of photonic crystals.
An Application of Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimisation for Optimising Energy Absorbing Structures Using a Material Damage Model
Authors: Stojanov Daniel , Falzon Brian G. , Wu Xin Hua , Yan Wen Yi
Published: May 2014

The Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimisation (BESO) method is a numerical topology optimisation method developed for use in finite element analysis. This paper presents a particular application of the BESO method to optimise the energy absorbing capability of metallic structures. The optimisation objective is to evolve a structural geometry of minimum mass while ensuring that the kinetic energy of an impacting projectile is reduced to a level which prevents perforation. Individual elements in a finite element mesh are deleted when a prescribed damage criterion is exceeded. An energy absorbing structure subjected to projectile impact will fail once the level of damage results in a critical perforation size. It is therefore necessary to constrain an optimisation algorithm from producing such candidate solutions. An algorithm to detect perforation was implemented within a BESO framework which incorporated a ductile material damage model.
Effect of Rotary Partition DPF Structure on its Regeneration Characteristics with Microwave
Authors: Wang Shu Hui , Xu Meng , Yu Ming Guo
Published: May 2014

The energy that traditional diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration with microwave requires in regeneration process often exceeds the capacity of the vehicle's battery, a rotary partition regenerative DPF with microwave is proposed recently, which was a annular column consisting of the fan-shaped filter units. A filtration unit microwave heating regeneration model was established aiming at this DPF, to study the regenerative properties of the filtration unit and to get influence that its shape structure plays on reproduction characteristics. The results show that: the central angle, length to diameter ratio, the ratio of inner and outer diameter of the DPF all have larger impact on the regeneration. The results can provide theoretical basis and reference for practical development of the new DPF.
Study on Processing Technology of Turbocharger Impeller and Shaft
Authors: Qu Li Ge
Published: May 2014

The processing technology of turbocharger impeller shaft involves shaft processing and Impeller processing two aspects of content. The design of casting impeller’s processing technology is based on reducing metal removal of the impeller dynamic balance. Casting impeller is an efficient method for the production of impellers, the dynamic balance of precision casting impeller itself can be used to achieve the use requirement of the impeller. It can meet the requirement of dynamic balance as the impeller rotation when the axis of impeller’s symmetry axis as locating datum in the process of machining. It means reduced the metal removal of dynamic balance. We Put the impeller axis symmetry as the processing benchmark, and then design a processing method of shaft and impeller. It can ensure concentricity of the two shafts when implement the processing technology of shaft and impeller after welding. At the same time achieve the requirements of the minimum Metal removal of Impeller shaft dynamic balance.
Car Radiator of the Whole Simulation Based on CFD
Authors: Pan Xian Feng , Cao Wei Wu
Published: May 2014

in this paper the temperature and the flow field of the radiator use CFDESIGN software test has carried on the simulation calculation of the radiator, the radiator heat transfer analysis of the whole calculation data and the details of the internal flow in a heat dissipation unit.And data obtained can be in normal acceptable error range, so this paper uses the algorithm is correct and available.This paper summarizes a series of radiator simulation steps, for the following radiator optimization design is proposed to write a set of scientific method.
Study of Subdivision Stepping Motor Driver Based on the Controllable Dead-Time Compensation
Authors: Zang Chuan Qiang , Gao Ming Yu , Liu Yun Fei , He Zhi Wei
Published: May 2014

In order to improve the step accuracy of two-phase hybrid stepping motors, this paper presents a high-performance stepping motor driver based on controllable dead-time compensation. After CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device) logical processing, the subdivision drive signal created by microcontroller STM32 becomes a complementary dead-time compensation drive signal which can realize precise control of stepper motor. The experiment shows that this program not only has effectively reduced the power consumption of the stepping motor, but also made whole system cost less.
Research on Computer System Dynamic Balance Technology for Cooling Fan of Engine
Authors: Sun Zhen Bao
Published: May 2014

The paper analyzes the rotor imbalance of cooling fan for the engine, and come to influence coefficient per unit quality. We can easy count the practice balancer cooling fan rotor. This method is very simple.
Model and Control Algorithm of Thread Rolling Machine
Authors: Xu Zhi Yi , Guan Da Lu
Published: May 2014

The paper introduces the procedure of building model equation for thread rolling machine. Based on the model, show the machine has overshoot and takes minimal step method as the control algorithm. By the Simulink, prove the algorithm is correct for the machine.
Application of Ecological Environment Material in Industrial Design
Authors: Zhang Wei Mei , Zhang Qiu Mei
Published: May 2014

Ecological environment material is a sort of material that is developed by human kind out of the active consideration of influences of the material on the ecological environment and is a new concept that was proposed on the precondition of taking full consideration of the correlations between the human kind, the society and the nature. Industrial design is supposed to lay more emphasis on functions of products and requirement of their appearance, to select more suitable materials, design their structure and pattern and establish their combination means. For the time being, study on the environment material has been penetrated into all fields of the industrial design. The environment material is of great advantage in terms of effective usage of resources and energy and reduction on the environmental capacity and it is an important development direction for realizing sustainable development of material industry. Thus, it has become a necessary trend of development of the design industry to conduct green design under the attack of the global tide of environmental protection.
The Design of an Electromagnetic Valve Actuator (EMVA) Suitable for Scavenging Two-Stroke Engine
Authors: Hu Yi Nuo , Ma Jia Yi , Jia Shuo , Yang Bin , Hou Qing Fang
Published: May 2014

This research is aimed at designing a suitable electromagnetic valve actuator (EMVA) which could efficiently improve energy saving performance of engine for scavenging two-stroke engine. Our Group simplified the GM’s EMVA and made it suitable for the engine used in experiment. CFD and mathematical modeling software were used to help our designing. According to the result of CFD, the design meets the intake requirements of the engine.
Research on Dynamic Mechanism of Dislocation Breeding and Networking under Shearing Stress of Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Mao Xing Zi , Xia Ming , Tian Tie
Published: May 2014

The dynamic evolution mechanism of dislocation under shearing stress which was the main influences of damping performance in the inner space of magnesium alloy was studied. Firstly, the inner shearing stress and its distribution of the rectangular magnesium alloy beam was calculated while the beam was bending;Secondly, the breeding and networking model of dislocation under the action of shearing stress was constructed;Finally,combined with the practical observed dislocation morphology, clarified the dynamic evolution mechanism: Under the shear stress, through F-R dislocation breeding and extension as well as twisting of dislocation with different dislocation sources under subsequent breeding, the dislocation cellular network structure is formed, which is of approximate honeycomb structure.
The Analysis of Some Problems of Environmental Stress Screening of Electronic Equipment
Authors: Song Xiang Jun , Li Wan Ling
Published: May 2014

This article analyses the importance of equipment environment screen (ESS), and analyses the intention, demand and trait of the ESS, and the relatives between ESS and equipment experiment. Besides, it analyses the ESS implement project of printed board, electronic assembly system under the screen of temperature cycle test and random shake environment, and draw some benefiting conclusion.
Effect of Elemental Sulfur on Corrosion Behavior of Super 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhu Shi Dong , Ma Hai Xia , Li Jin Ling , Yang Zhi Gang
Published: May 2014

Effects of elemental sulfur on corrosion behavior of super 13Cr martensitic stainless steel were investigated by utilizing weight loss test, and the micro morphologies and chemical elements of corrosion scales were characterized by using SEM and EDS. The results showed that corrosion resistance of super 13Cr stainless steel was aggravated by the hydrolytic action of sulfur, the corrosion rate of super 13Cr stainless steel increased with the increasing of sulfur content, and firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing of temperature due to the activated adsorption and existential state of sulfur at the different temperatures.
Research on Annual Operation Mode and Intelligence Aided Design System of Power Communication
Authors: Wang Shi Wen , Li Xiong , Wang Chun Ying , Shu Xin Jian
Published: May 2014

The study mainly presents a research on drilling down the power communication data from massive amounts of the basic repository in communication resource management system, and uses advanced technological method to enhance the intelligent analysis level of communication resources, which solves the problem such as information share difficult between power communication network annual planning and management data. The study further diminishes the mapping difficulty by providing an intelligent mapping aids for annual operation mode and device report which resolves the problems such as long cycle mapping, low degree automation and low intelligent level of communication annual operation mode, and it also seeks to establish an effective mapping design system for detail, real and scientific program design of annual operation mode by exploring the models of intelligent aided designing system to meet the specific needs in power communication network operation mode optimization.
Two-Dimensional Numerical Study on Characterization of Low-Pressure Capacitively Coupled Argon Discharges
Authors: Zhang Ya Chun , He Xiang , Chen Jian Pin , Ni Xiao Wu , Lu Jian , Shen Zhong Hua
Published: May 2014

This paper presents an investigation of argon capacitively coupled plasma at low pressure. A two-dimensional, time-dependent fluid model is used to describe the production, transport, and destruction of electrons and positive ions. The model is solved for a GEC(gaseous electronics conference) Cell reactor type (with 4cm diameter and 2.5cm interelectrode distance) operating at frequency 13.56MHz, pressure 1Torr and applied voltage 1000V, in pure argon. Two-dimensional distributions are presented in the stationary state, including electron temperature and species density i.e. electron, ion and metastable atom. The electric field and electric potential at different phases in one RF cycle is also studied.
A Kind of Embedded Firewall Mechanism for ARM Processors
Authors: Xing Wen Qi , Zhang Qian Zhong , Feng Zi Wei
Published: May 2014

The traditional firewall is a protect mechanism usually between the internal and external network, through the input and output of data packets in real-time network monitoring, it will make protective response immediately if it find security threats. With short data processing time and high efficiency, it can satisfy most procedures of application, but it has high cost and is difficult to achieve. In this paper, in view of these problems, embedded firewall security protection mechanisms set based AMR processor innovation, given the overall framework of embedded firewall hardware and the design for software architecture ,I selected good performance S3C2410X embedded chip, the embedded firewall network card drivers, key technologies of application research in detail, based on the embedded firewall performance of AMR processor through the contrast test ,the communication rate can reach 15.5Mpbs, 2.15times higher than that of general processor communication performance.
Design of High-Power LED Drive Circuit with Economical High Power Factor Based on NCP1200
Authors: Wang Long Teng , Jin Yong Gao
Published: May 2014

This paper proposes a high-power LED driver circuit with economical high power factor based on universal chip NCP1200. NCP1200 itself doesn’t have the function of APFC, however, by adding a simple amplitude control circuit in the periphery without using special dedicated APFC chip, the APFC rectification mode can be achieved at work, which greatly reduce the pulse current caused by first-time rectification, the power factor can be as high as 98%, and it can achieve the goal of constant current drive in the meantime. The designed circuit is simple, low cost, stable and reliable work ability and it has high cost performance.
Design of Wind-Solar-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System
Authors: Hu Wen Lei , Yang Run Sheng , Xie Pu
Published: May 2014

In order to solve the problem of electricity from the grid, designing a set of independent power supply system based on micro-network technology, through the use of solar, wind, diesel, battery, etc. This paper introduces the structure and working principle of the system, focuses on the design of the control system to meet under no circumstances, intelligent control of the entire system to make it stable operation, and optimization method proposed system configuration.
A Low-Cost Low-Power Capacitive Humidity Sensor in CMOS Technology
Authors: Deng Fang Ming , He Yi Gang
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a capacitive humidity sensor in CMOS technology. The humidity sensor element is implemented in standard CMOS technology without any further post-processing, which results in low fabrication cost. The sensor interface is based on a delta-sigma converter and can be easily reconfigured to compensate for process variation of the sensing element. The proposed humidity sensor is fabricated in 0.16μm standard CMOS process and the chip occupies 0.25mm2. The measurement result shows that this humidity sensor acquires a resolution of 0.1%RH in the range of 20%RH to 90%RH. The interface achieves a 12.5-bits capacitance-to-digital conversion and consumes only 9.6μW power at 1.2V supply voltage.
Design of Spectral Acquisition System Based on the Linear Array CCD ILX554B
Authors: Gao Mei Feng , Yang Shao Peng
Published: May 2014

The linear array CCD spectral acquisition system for a Photoelectric Direct Reading Spectrometer is presented. The spectral acquisition circuit, data processing and shortage circuit are designed. Taking microcontroller MSP430 as a control chip, Using PWM signals generated by MSP430 timer, the correct timing of CCD clock pulse, ADC clock and FIFO write enable signal was established. The experiment shows that the synchronization of spectral acquisition, data conversion and shortage was achieved, and the spectral acquisition system is feasible and reliability.
A Simple Method for Power System Harmonic Analysis
Authors: Song Ya Dong , Yang Can Mei
Published: May 2014

With the increasing use of non-linear electrical loads in power system, the harmonic pollution has become a severe problem. In this paper, we proposed a simple method for power system harmonic analysis. Cascaded adaptive comb filter is designed specifically to suppress the electric harmonic pollution. And a high-precision but easily implemented frequency estimation algorithm is presented based on least square estimation method. So the electric signal frequency fluctuation can be real-time tracked, and coefficients of the comb filters can be adaptively updated with this algorithm.
The Design and Implementation of Zero-Angle Memory Device about the Radar of Ship-Borne Based on Proximity Switch
Authors: Ding Qiu Qi , Tao Min , Jia Yun Xiang
Published: May 2014

In view of the traditional zero-angle memory device with low precision and to reduce errors caused by manual readout, this paper using electro-magnetic technology, designed a new zero-angle memory device based on proximity switch. Experimental results show that the device not only improves the repeatability and reduces the error, but also realize automatic demarcation.
Research on Heat Transfer by Fluid in Winding Region of Power Transformer
Authors: Xu Yong Ming , Wang Fei Fei , Ai Meng Meng , Yu Qing Ming
Published: May 2014

In this paper, a model of the winding area for a normal working oil-immersed power (180MVA, 220kV) was built to conduct the simulation analysis for heat transfer of fluid field. Based on the fundamental mechanisms of fluid mechanics, limited volume method was used to build the model of the winding area of the power transformer. The effect of the oil input velocity, the amount and the position of oil baffle plate were concluded. The reasonable method to control the temperature was purposed by analyzing the heat-transfer properties for different conditions. When the initial oil velocity was 0.3-0.4 m/s during forced oil circulation, the best heat transfer was achieved. For the natural oil circulation, inserting 3 oil baffle plates at the higher temperature winding ends, when the number of the next two oil baffle plates is 7, the heat delivery effect is best.
Separation Test of Ilmenite in Yunnan
Authors: Ran Jin Cheng , Liu Quan Jun , Zhang Zhi Guo
Published: May 2014

Because of the low ilmenite grade and fine dissemination size, a lot of low-magnetic flaky phlogopite in the run-of-mine ore and it can not effectively remove the phlogopite by the high gradient magnetic separation, so it is very difficult to sorting. We decided take the process of low intensity magnetic separation – high gradient magnetic separation and gravity separation discarding tailing - high gradient magnetic separation and shaking concentrate. Then we obtained satisfaction index - the grade and the recovery of TiO2 were 43.32% and 74.41% in the ilmenite concentrates, the grade and recovery of Fe were 66.83% and 56.77% in the iron concentrates. It provides a feasible way for such ilmenite separation.
The Unique Fluoride Sorption Behavior onto Nanosized Zirconium Oxides
Authors: Xiao Dean , Jiang Chuan
Published: May 2014

In the present study, a new zirconium oxide was prepared by the simple chemical precipitation and calcination methods. TEM analysis proved that the prepared ZrO2particles are nanosized particles with average size of 20-50nm and XRD further illustrated its crystal pattern in nature. The effects of solution pH suggest the adsorption of fluoride is pH-dependent process and optimal pH values 2.0-3.0. In addition, the the adsorbed fluoride could be readily regenerate by dilute alkaline solution.
Preparation of Glyphosate from Catalytic Oxidation N-Phosphonomethyl Iminodiacetic Acid
Authors: Liu Yong Bing , Liang En Xiang , Yi Jian Min , Wu Xing , Zhang Pan Liang
Published: May 2014

The activated carbon-containing catalysts (Pd/C and Pt/C) have been prepared by surface modification of the activated carbon with palladium chloride and chloroplatinic acid solution, respectively. The Pt/C catalyst is characterized by XRD pattern. The glyphosate is prepared from catalytic oxidation N-phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic acid. Effect of different catalysts and amount of the catalyst in catalytic oxidation are investigated. Compared with Pt/C catalyst, Pd/C catalyst is more active. Optimum amount of Pd/C catalyst is 45 mol/m3 PMIDA.