bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risky-Driving-Image Recognition Based on Visual Attention Mechanism and Deep Learning
Authors: Song Wei , Zhang Guangde
Published: August 2022

Risky driving behavior seriously affects the driver’s ability to react, execute and judge, which is one of the major causes of traffic accidents. The timely and accurate identification of the driving status of drivers is particularly important, since drivers can quickly adjust their driving status to avoid safety accidents. In order to further improve the identification accuracy, this paper proposes a risky-driving image-recognition system based on the visual attention mechanism and deep-learning technology to identify four types of driving status images including normal driving, driving while smoking, driving while drinking and driving while talking. With reference to ResNet, we build four deep-learning models with different depths and embed the proposed visual attention blocks into the image-classification model. The experimental results indicate that the classification accuracy of the ResNet models with lower depth can exceed the ResNet models with higher depth by embedding the visual attention modules, while there is no significant change in model complexity, which could improve the model recognition accuracy without reducing the recognition efficiency.
Image Enhancement of Maritime Infrared Targets Based on Scene Discrimination
Authors: Jiang Yingqi , Dong Lili , Liang Junke
Published: August 2022

Infrared image enhancement technology can effectively improve the image quality and enhance the saliency of the target and is a critical component in the marine target search and tracking system. However, the imaging quality of maritime infrared images is easily affected by weather and sea conditions and has low contrast defects and weak target contour information. At the same time, the target is disturbed by different intensities of sea clutter, so the characteristics of the target are also different, which cannot be processed by a single algorithm. Aiming at these problems, the relationship between the directional texture features of the target and the roughness of the sea surface is deeply analyzed. According to the texture roughness of the waves, the image scene is adaptively divided into calm sea surface and rough sea surface. At the same time, through the Gabor filter at a specific frequency and the gradient-based target feature extraction operator proposed in this paper, the clutter suppression and feature fusion strategies are set, and the target feature image of multi-scale fusion in two types of scenes are obtained, which is used as a guide image for guided filtering. The original image is decomposed into a target and a background layer to extract the target features and avoid image distortion. The blurred background around the target contour is extracted by Gaussian filtering based on the potential target region, and the edge blur caused by the heat conduction of the target is eliminated. Finally, an enhanced image is obtained by fusing the target and background layers with appropriate weights. The experimental results show that, compared with the current image enhancement method, the method proposed in this paper can improve the clarity and contrast of images, enhance the detectability of targets in distress, remove sea surface clutter while retaining the natural environment features in the background, and provide more information for target detection and continuous tracking in maritime search and rescue.
Application of the Laser Linear Distance-Speed-Acceleration Measurement System and Sport Kinematic Analysis Software
Authors: Štuhec Stanko , Planjšek Peter , Ptak Mariusz , Čoh Milan , Mackala Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

The industrial development of technology, with appropriate adaptation, enables us to discover possibilities in sport training control. Therefore, we have developed a new approach to linear running analysis. This study aims to determine the measurement possibilities using an LDM301A laser system in obtaining basic kinematic parameters. The second goal is the application of specialized computer programs based on appropriate algorithms to calculate a vast number of variables that can be used to adjust the training and the rivalry. It is a non-invasive, non-contact measurement method. We can also determine the influence of both subjective and objective external factors. In this way, we can also conduct training with real-time scientific feedback. This method is easy to use and requires very little time to set up and use. The efficiency and running economy can be calculated with various time, speed, acceleration, and length indexes. Calculating the symmetries between the left and right leg in velocity, stride lengths, support phase times, flight phase times, and step frequency are possible. Using the laser measurement method and detailed kinematic analysis may constitute a new chapter in measuring speed. However, it still has to compete with classic photocell measurement methods. This is mainly due to their high frequency of measurement used, despite some reservations about the scale of measurement errors.
A Review of Vision-Laser-Based Civil Infrastructure Inspection and Monitoring
Authors: Zhou Huixing , Xu Chongwen , Tang Xiuying , Wang Shun , Zhang Zhongyue
Published: August 2022

Structural health and construction security are important problems in civil engineering. Regular infrastructure inspection and monitoring methods are mostly performed manually. Early automatic structural health monitoring techniques were mostly based on contact sensors, which usually are difficult to maintain in complex infrastructure environments. Therefore, non-contact infrastructure inspection and monitoring techniques received increasing interest in recent years, and they are widely used in all aspects of infrastructure life, owing to their convenience and non-destructive properties. This paper provides an overview of vision-based inspection and vision–laser-based monitoring techniques and applications. The inspection part includes image-processing algorithms, object detection, and semantic segmentation. In particular, infrastructure monitoring involves not only visual technologies but also different fusion methods of vision and lasers. Furthermore, the most important challenges for future automatic non-contact inspections and monitoring are discussed and the paper correspondingly concludes with state-of-the-art algorithms and applications to resolve these challenges.
A Hierarchy Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus Protocol Based on Node Reputation
Authors: Wang Xixi , Guan Yepeng
Published: August 2022

A blockchain has been applied in many areas, such as cryptocurrency, smart cities and digital finance. The consensus protocol is the core part of the blockchain network, which addresses the problem of transaction consistency among the involved participants. However, the scalability, efficiency and security of the consensus protocol are greatly restricted with the increasing number of nodes. A Hierarchy Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus protocol (HBFT) based on node reputation has been proposed. The two-layer hierarchy structure is designed to improve the scalability by assigning nodes to different layers. Each node only needs to exchange messages within its group, which deducts the communication complexity between nodes. Specifically, a reputation model is proposed to distinguish normal nodes from malicious ones by a punish and reward mechanism. It is applied to ensure that the malicious node merely existing in the bottom layer and the communication complexity in the high layer can be further lowered. Finally, a random selection mechanism is applied in the selection of the leader node. The mechanism can ensure the security of the blockchain network with the characteristics of unpredictability and randomicity. Some experimental results demonstrated that the proposed consensus protocol has excellent performance in comparison to some state-of-the-art models.
Global Container Port Network Linkages and Topology in 2021
Authors: Kang Lu , Wu Wenzhou , Yu Hao , Su Fenzhen
Published: August 2022

The maritime transport of containers between ports accounts for the bulk of global trade by weight and value. Transport impedance among ports through transit times and port infrastructures can, however, impact accessibility, trade performance, and the attractiveness of ports. Assessments of the transit routes between ports based on performance and attractiveness criteria can provide a topological liner shipping network that quantifies the performance profile of ports. Here, we constructed a directed global liner shipping network (GLSN) of the top six liner shipping companies between the ports of Africa, Asia, North/South America, Europe, and Oceania. Network linkages and community groupings were quantified through a container port accessibility evaluation model, which quantified the performance of the port using betweenness centrality, the transport impedance among ports with the transit time, and the performance of ports using the Port Liner Shipping Connectivity Index. The in-degree and out-degree of the GLSN conformed to the power-law distribution, respectively, and their R-square fitting accuracy was greater than 0.96. The community partition illustrated an obvious consistence with the actual trading flow. The accessibility evaluation result showed that the ports in Asia and Europe had a higher accessibility than those of other regions. Most of the top 30 ports with the highest accessibility are Asian (17) and European (10) ports. Singapore, Port Klang, and Rotterdam have the highest accessibility. Our research may be helpful for further studies such as species invasion and the planning of ports.
Implementation of Disassembler on Microcontroller Using Side-Channel Power Consumption Leakage
Authors: Bae Daehyeon , Ha Jaecheol
Published: August 2022

With the development of 5G and network technology, the usage of IoT devices has become popular. Because most of these IoT devices can be controlled by an adversary away from the administrator, several security issues such as firmware dumping can arise. Firmware dumping is the cornerstone or goal of many types of hardware hacking. Therefore, many IoT device manufacturers adopt some protection mechanisms such as the restriction of hardware debuggers. However, several recent studies have shown that the operating instructions of an IoT device can be recovered through the profiling-based side-channel analysis. The Side-Channel-Based Disassembler (SCBD) refers to software that recovers instructions of the device only from the side-channel signal. The SCBD is powerful enough to defeat many firmware protection mechanisms. In this paper, we show how an adversary can build an instruction (opcode)-level disassembler using the power consumption signal of commercial microcontrollers (MCUs) such as the 8-bit ATxmega128 and 32-bit STM32F0. To implement the SCBD, we elaborately constructed the instruction template considering the pipeline of the target MCUs through instruction sequence analysis. Furthermore, we preprocessed the side-channel signals using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) for noise reduction and Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) for instruction feature extraction. Our experimental results show that the machine-learning-based instruction disassembling models can recover the operating instructions with an accuracy of about 91.9% and 98.6% for the ATxmega128 and STM32F0, respectively. Furthermore, we achieved an accuracy of 77% and 96.5% in a cross-board validation.
Research on Vibration Reduction Performance of Electromagnetic Active Seat Suspension Based on Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Xie Pengshu , Che Yusong , Liu Zhengbin , Wang Guoqiang
Published: August 2022

Vehicle seats have a significant impact on the comfort of passengers. The development of seats is a field in which scholars are widely concerned. In this study, we add an electromagnetic levitation structure and design a new active seat suspension based on the passive seat suspension. Then, simulation research is carried out based on a C-level road surface combined with integral sliding mode control and state feedback control. The results show that both state feedback control and integral sliding mode control positively affect vehicle seat vibration reduction, and integral sliding mode control has a better anti-interference effect than state feedback control. At the same time, it is proved that the seat suspension has good working characteristics and economy.
Determination of Bio-Based Fertilizer Composition Using Combined NIR and MIR Spectroscopy: A Model Averaging Approach
Authors: Wali Khan , Khan Haris Ahmad , Farrell Mark , Henten Eldert J. Van , Meers Erik
Published: August 2022

Application of bio-based fertilizers is considered a practical solution to enhance soil fertility and maintain soil quality. However, the composition of bio-based fertilizers needs to be quantified before their application to the soil. Non-destructive techniques such as near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) are generally used to quantify the composition of bio-based fertilizers in a speedy and cost-effective manner. However, the prediction performances of these techniques need to be quantified before deployment. With this motive, this study investigates the potential of these techniques to characterize a diverse set of bio-based fertilizers for 25 different properties including nutrients, minerals, heavy metals, pH, and EC. A partial least square model with wavelength selection is employed to estimate each property of interest. Then a model averaging, approach is tested to examine if combining model outcomes of NIR with MIR could improve the prediction performances of these sensors. In total, 17 of the 25 elements could be predicted to have a good performance status using individual spectral methods. Combining model outcomes of NIR with MIR resulted in an improvement, increasing the number of properties that could be predicted from 17 to 21. Most notably the improvement in prediction performance was observed for Cd, Cr, Zn, Al, Ca, Fe, S, Cu, Ec, and Na. It was concluded that the combined use of NIR and MIR spectral methods can be used to monitor the composition of a diverse set of bio-based fertilizers.
Case Report: Modulation of Effective Connectivity in Brain Networks after Prosthodontic Tooth Loss Repair
Authors: Muroni Antonella , Barbar Daniel , Fraschini Matteo , Monticone Marco , Defazio Giovanni , Marrosu Francesco
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that dental loss replacements induce changes in neuroplasticity as well as in correlated connectivity between brain networks. However, as the typical temporal delay in detecting brain activity by neuroimaging cannot account for the influence one neural system exerts over another in a context of real activation (“effective” connectivity), it seems of interest to approach this dynamic aspect of brain networking in the time frame of milliseconds by exploiting electroencephalographic (EEG) data. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The present study describes one subject who received a new prosthodontic provisional implant in substitution for previous dental repairs. Two EEG sessions led with a portable device were recorded before and after positioning the new dental implant. By following MATLAB-EEGLAB processing supported by the plugins FIELDTRIP and SIFT, the independent component analysis (ICA) derived from EEG raw signals was rendered as current density fields and interpolated with the dipoles generated by each electrode for a dynamic study of the effective connectivity. One more recording session was undertaken six months after the placement of the final implant. RESULTS. Compared to the baseline, the new prosthodontic implant induced a novel modulation of the neuroplasticity in sensory-motor areas which was maintained following the definitive implant after six months, as revealed by changes in the effective connectivity from the basal strong enslavement of a single brain area over the others, to an equilibrate inter-related connectivity evenly distributed along the frontotemporal regions of both hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS. The rapid shift of the effective connectivity after positioning the new prosthodontic implant and its substantial stability after six months suggest the possibility that synaptic modifications, induced by novel sensory motor conditions, modulate the neuroplasticity and reshape the final dynamic frame of the interarea connectivity. Moreover, given the viability of the EEG practice, this approach could be of some interest in assessing the association between oral pathophysiology and neuronal networking.
Environmental and Economic Assessment of Alternative Food Waste Management Scenarios
Authors: Mathioudakis Dimitrios , Karageorgis Panagiotis , Papadopoulou Konstantina , Astrup Thomas Fruergaard , Lyberatos Gerasimos
Published: August 2022

The scope of this paper was to examine the environmental and economic performance of alternative household fermentable waste (HFW) management scenarios. In Greece, the business-as-usual scheme for the management of HFW is its disposal in landfills as part of mixed waste. Within a HORIZON2020 called Waste4think a series of alternative approaches based on the benefits of source separation was developed. Specifically, source separated HFW is led to a drying/shredding plant, located in the municipality, for the production of a high-quality biomass product, which is called FORBI (Food Residue Biomass). Alternative approaches have been examined for the exploitation of FORBI: a simple alternative consists of the transportation of food waste (without drying/shredding) to the landfill, composting and covering the landfill’s layers with the produced compost. On the other hand, a set of technological alternatives examined are: one- and two-stage anaerobic digestion for the production of biogenic compressed natural gas (bio-CNG) and bio-hythane, composting and utilization of compost in the municipality, bio-ethanol production and pelletization. The alternatives have been assessed using Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing tools. The results show that both the simple and the innovative alternatives proposed perform better than the baseline scenario both in economic and environmental terms.
Comparison of Snow Indices in Assessing Snow Cover Depth in Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Teleubay Zhanassyl , Yermekov Farabi , Tokbergenov Ismail , Toleubekova Zhanat , Igilmanov Amangeldy , Yermekova Zhadyra , Assylkhanova Aigerim
Published: August 2022

This study compares the performances of four existing snow indices (Normalized-Difference Snow Index, Normalized-Difference Snow and Ice Index, Difference Snow Index, and Ratio Snow Index) in estimating snow cover depth at three agricultural enterprises in different soil zones, namely, the “North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station”, A.I. Barayev “Research and Production Center for Grain Farming”, and “Naidorovskoe”. From 30 January to 9 February 2022, the snow cover thickness and density were measured at 410 and 285 points, respectively, throughout the agricultural enterprise territories. It was found that: (1) snow-covered territories were effectively classified using all spectral indices except both combinations of RSI; (2) the snow cover fraction maps generated from DSI most accurately classified the non-snow areas as forest plantations, settlements, and strongly blown uplands; (3) the maps generated from DSI-2 presented a clear pattern of objects in all three study areas; (4) the liquid water in snowpacks is available in excess for possible reservation and rational use in agriculture during the dry season. At the “North Kazakhstan AES”, A.I. Barayev “Research and Production Center for Grain Farming”, and “Naidorovskoe”, the RMSE varied from 5.62 (DSI-2) to 6.85 (NDSII-2), from 3.46 (DSI-2) to 4.86 (RSI-1), and from 2.86 (DSI-2) to 3.53 (NDSII-1), respectively. The DSI-2-based snow depths best matched the ground truth, with correlations of 0.78, 0.69, and 0.80, respectively.
Investigation of Shear Mechanical Behavior and Slip Weakening Characteristics of Rough Joints in Rock Mass
Authors: Kong Peng , Xing Luyi , Xu Chuanwei , Liu Yanqing , Zhang Zhongteng
Published: August 2022

The surface morphology of a structural plane is an important factor affecting the shear mechanical behavior of a structural plane. A direct shear test of a rough structural plane is carried out, and the shear mechanical behavior and slip weakening characteristics of a structural plane under different levels of roughness and normal stress conditions are studied; the normal stress conditions ranged from 2 MPa to 14 MPa. The results show that the shear strength and shear stress drop of a rough structure increase as the normal stress and roughness levels also increase. The higher the roughness level, or the greater the normal stress level, the more elastic energy the structural plane accumulates before shear failure. Once the shear stress is great enough and shear failure occurs, the shear slip of the rough structural plane shows obvious stick slip characteristics, and it releases more energy. Under high normal stress conditions, the convex body of the structural plane is damaged earlier in the process of direct shear, and the duration of convex body damage and failure is longer. After direct shear, the roughness of the structural plane decreases exponentially as normal stress levels increase. The shear slip of the structural plane, which has a significant degree of roughness under high normal stress conditions, shows a significant number of slip weakening characteristics, which is the main reason that the stick slip of the structural plane releases a lot of energy.
Stakeholder Perceptions Can Distinguish ‘Paper Parks’ from Marine Protected Areas
Authors: Relano Veronica , Mak Tiffany , Ortiz Shelumiel , Pauly Daniel
Published: August 2022

While numerous Marine Protected Areas (MPA) have been created in the last decades, their effectiveness must be assessed in the context of the country’s biodiversity conservation policies and must be verified by local observations. Currently, the observations of local stakeholders, such as those from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academics, government civil servants, journalists, and fishers, are not considered in any MPA database. The Sea Around Us has added observations from local stakeholders to address this gap, adding their perspectives to its reconstructed fisheries catch database, and to at least one MPA in each country’s Exclusive Economic Zone. It is important to pursue and incentivize stakeholder knowledge sharing to achieve a better understanding of the current level of marine protection, as this information is a valuable addition to the existing MPA databases. To address this gap, we demonstrated that personal emails containing a one-question questionnaire about the fishing levels in an MPA are an excellent way to gather data from local stakeholders, and that this works especially well for respondents in NGOs, academia, and governments. Of the stakeholders who replied to our personalized email, 66% provided us with the fishing level of the MPA that we asked for. The paper also presents how to access this information through the Sea Around Us website, which details in anonymized form the most common fishing levels for each selected MPA, as perceived or observed by different local stakeholder groups. This information is a unique and novel addition to a website that is concerned with marine conservation and contributes to a more accurate and inclusive discourse around MPAs. This information also helps to identify the gaps that need to be addressed to turn ‘paper parks’ (i.e., MPAs that are legally designated but not effective) into effective MPAs, which can contribute to climate-resilient ‘blue economies’.
Research on Urban Community Elderly Care Facility Based on Quality of Life by SEM: Cases Study of Three Types of Communities in Shenzhen, China
Authors: A Longduoqi , Ma Hang , Wang Mohan , Yang Biao
Published: August 2022

Aging in place has been proposed in response to increasing aging worldwide. Recently, many community elderly care facilities (CECFs) in China have been built to meet the desire of the elderly to age in place and help them live better in familiar environments. This study instituted a correlation evaluation system between the elderly’s quality of life (QOL) and their satisfaction with CECFs. It assessed the QOL of the elderly in urban communities in Shenzhen and identified the issues of CECFs that led to the elderly’s low QOL. Firstly, a hypothesis of the relationship between QOL and CECF satisfaction was proposed on the basis of previous studies. The QOL–CECF model was verified and tested by structural equation modeling (SEM). It was found that the functional setting, planning layout, and operational management affect the QOL of the elderly. Secondly, this study investigated the issue of CECFs in three types of communities, namely, urbanized village communities, affordable housing communities, and commercial housing communities. A factor-based analysis revealed the intrinsic linkages between and extracted the composite factors of CECF indicators in the three types of communities, revealing the CECF issues that led to low QOL using a QOL–CECF satisfaction analysis. Lastly, this study proposed differentiated strategies for CECFs in urbanized village communities and affordable and commercial housing communities. This study can provide differentiated strategies for CECFs in various types of communities to effectively improve the QOL of the elderly and promote the sustainability of CECFs.
Blue and Green Water Footprint of Agro-Industrial Avocado Production in Central Mexico
Authors: Gómez-Tagle Alberto F. , Gómez-Tagle Alberto , Fuerte-Velázquez Diana J. , Barajas-Alcalá Alma G. , Quiroz-Rivera Fernando , Alarcón-Chaires Pablo E. , Guerrero-García-Rojas Hilda
Published: August 2022

Mexico is the world-leading avocado producer. The municipality of Uruapan in the Avocado Belt region in Central Mexico produces 153,000 tons a year, nearly 6.4% of Mexico’s total volume. We performed a green and blue water footprint (WF) analysis between 2012 to 2017 in this municipality, and compared the estimated WF volumes with water concessions for agriculture. Mean annual rainfall was 1757.0 mm in the study period, mean effective rainfall 877.2 mm, mean crop evapotranspiration 933.1 mm, and 312.5 mm of mean irrigation requirement. The mean WFtotal was 744.3 m3 ton−1, below the global mean WF for this crop (1086 m3 ton−1). WFtotal was 2.5 times higher in irrigated plantations (1071.4 m3 ton⁻1) than in rainfed plantations (417.1 m3 ton−1). The crop yield was slightly higher (3.8%) under irrigated (10.26 ton ha−1 year−1) than in rainfed plantations (9.88 ton ha−1 year−1). WF and its components varied between years. The lowest WFblue was in 2015 when atypical spring rainfall increased available water during the dry season. The irrigation of avocado plantations doubles water use with a slight yield increase in relation to rainfed plantations. Regarding WF volumes and water concessions, we found that agroindustrial avocado production consumes up to 120% of the surface and groundwater volumes granted to agriculture use in years with dry conditions. The results indicate that other water users are depleted of this resource, creating water stress and scarcity, and leading to water rights conflicts and social discomfort.
Assessment of labor conditions and nature in the main railway professions as a basis for the prevention of injuries and occupational diseases
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Samara, Russia, Berezin I. I. , Eliseev Yu. Yu. ,   FSBEI HE Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Saratov, Russia, Strizhakov L. A. ,   FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Eliseev D. Yu. ,   FSBEI HE Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Saratov, Russia, Babanov S. A. ,   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Samara, Russia, Lotkov V. S. ,   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Samara, Russia, Kiryushina T. M. ,   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Samara, Russia
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the assessment of the conditions and nature of labor of locomotive crews and rolling stock workers; the need to improve the provision of safe working conditions in railway transport is substantiated.
Regulation of distribution and use of agricultural lands
Authors:   FSBI FNCC VNIIESH, Moscow, Polunin G. A. , Alakoz V. V. ,   FSBI FNCC VNIIESH, Moscow
Published: August 2022

The article considers the experience of implementing the social policy of the state proclaimed by the fundamental law of the country - the Constitution of the Russian Federation, when using and protecting land as the basis of life and activity of the peoples living in the country without violating their rights and legitimate interests, preventing economic activities aimed at monopolization, unfair competition and damaging the environment. The methods for limiting and prevention of land monopolies, including organizational and economic measures for forcing legal entities and individuals to the responsible, sustainable, environmentally friendly use of agricultural land resources, avoiding soil depletion and degradation, and implementing activities for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility are considered in this paper.
Legal regulation of land reclamation: main problems and development prospects
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Gordienko I. I.
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the problems associated with land reclamation. The main components of land reclamation are given, the objectives of land reclamation are considered. The procedure for land reclamation is considered from the point of view of the need to carry out all procedures provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Recultivation of land plots is both a preventive measure and measures for the restoration of land resources. Land reclamation does not exclude reimbursement of costs associated with environmental damage. The article draws conclusions about the need to improve legislation regarding the procedure for recultivation of land plots, as well as making appropriate changes regarding the recognition of the recultivation successfully completed.
Factors Influencing the Acceptance of COVID-19 Booster Dose in Malaysia
Authors: Kyaw Thin Mon , al Kurrummiah Balaganapathy , ap Varathappan Nagaaveenaa , ap Rathanam Dharyshina Thever , ap Ravindran Suthasri , al Sasidharan Guhan , Jalal Kazi Abdulla
Published: August 2022

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors influencing the acceptance of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) booster dose in Malaysia based on the health belief model during 2022. Methods: Malaysians aged 18 and above were enrolled in a cross-sectional online survey. The convenient sampling method was used for data collection, and Google form was employed as an online questionnaire, which was distributed through social media by the authors. The sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents were assessed and summarized by performing descriptive and frequency analyses. Multivariate analysis was applied to measure the associations of factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 booster dose among respondents in Malaysia. Results: A total of 467 responses were analyzed in this study. Participants with neutral perceptions who think that it is easy for them to get the COVID-19 vaccine if they wanted to were 0.042 times less likely to accept COVID-19 booster dose compared to others (95% CI of 0.003- 0.556 which was significant with P<0.05 (P=0.016). Moreover, the participants were 0.012 times more likely to be females by neutral on that it is easy for you to get the COVID-19 vaccine if you wanted to with a 95% CI of 2.166-461.040, which is significant. Conclusion: The need for continued access to research and learning has never been more important, especially when it comes to a constantly mutating coronavirus. We also continue to work directly with agencies to support their work.
Tobacco-Related Images on Instagram’s Persian-Language Pages and Audience Attraction Rates
Authors: Seddigh Seyed Hamzeh , Mohaghegh Omid , Sediq Seyedeh Mahsa , Moayedi Farah , Massoudifar Ali , Hashemi Seyedeh Lamya
Published: August 2022

Background: Social media can be powerful tools to influence high-risk behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate tobacco-related images on Instagram’s Persian-language pages and their audience attraction rates. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1870 Instagram posts with cigar, cigarette, e-cigarette, tobacco, vape, and shisha/waterpipe/hookah hashtags. The number of likes and comments for these posts were recorded, and the image type, the attitude of the audience, and the type of caption were noted as well. Results: In general, 500 images (26.7%) had #cigar/cigarette, while 30 (1.6%), 470 (25.1%), 650 (34.8%), 70 (3.7%), and 150 (8%) images had #e-cigarette, #shisha/#waterpipe/#hookah, # tobacco, #juice, and #vape hashtags, respectively. The most common type of image was product images (52.4%). The audience’s attitude towards the images was mostly positive (93.2%). In addition, the most common caption type was sales (76.5%). There was a significant correlation between the number of likes and comments with image hashtags, audience attitude, and caption type. The highest number of likes and comments belonged to images with shisha/waterpipe/hookah hashtags and a positive audience attitude. The sales caption type had the highest number of likes, while the encouragement caption type had the highest number of comments. Eventually, text image types had the highest number of comments. Conclusion: Given the high promotion of tobacco-related posts on Instagram, policymakers should take the necessary measures to reduce the volume of tobacco advertisements.
The Frequency of Posterior Teeth Decay in Smokeless Tobacco Users in the South of Iran
Authors: Shamloo Sajjad , Araghizadeh Abdolmehdi , Mirshekari Zahra , Khalilian Alireza , Nematpour Koorosh , Moannaei Mahsa , Alimoradi Fatemeh
Published: August 2022

Background: Tobacco has been reported to have multiple negative effects on oral health. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of posterior teeth decay due to smokeless tobacco (ST). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included consistent nas and tanbak users for more than 2 years in Bandar Abbas, Iran in 2018-2019. General characteristics, including age, gender, education, occupation, income, residence, the number of family members, and smoking status, as well as the duration of ST use, the use of mouth wash, and the frequency of using dental floss and toothbrush, were recorded based on the study aim. All patients underwent complete oral examination and posterior teeth decay was noted based on the results. The surface of teeth with decay (lingual, buccal, mesial, distal, and occlusal) was recorded as well. Results: From 150 patients evaluated in this study with a mean age of 37.95±12.02 years, 136 (90.7%) cases were males. Posterior teeth decay was found in 135 patients (90%). The mean number of decayed posterior teeth was 3.37±2.58. The highest decayed tooth surface was the mesial surface (78.7%), followed by the occlusal (77.3%) and the distal (76.7%) surfaces. The binary logistic regression model revealed that the odds of posterior teeth decay were approximately 4-folds higher in employed participants compared to the unemployed ones (OR=4.29, 95% CI: 1.19-15.49, P=0.026). Overall, occupation, income, duration of ST use, number of family members, and dental floss use were able to predict posterior teeth decay with an area under the ROC curve of 0.787 (95% CI: 0.671-0.902, P<0.001), the sensitivity of 85.9%, and specificity of 60%. Conclusion: A very high frequency of posterior teeth decay was observed in patients with≥2 years of ST use. Posterior teeth decay appears to be affected by a combination of factors such as occupation, income, duration of ST use, number of family members, and the use of dental floss.
Tobacco Use, the Missing Cause of Drug Interaction: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Rayej Elham , Jafari Ranjbar Kimiya , Pakravan Dena , Salimi Asl Ali , Fathalipour Mohammad , Alizade Hesam
Published: August 2022

Cigarette smoke and nicotine interact with drugs by affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination of other drugs, causing a change in drug response. Therefore, smokers usually need higher doses of medications. Articles were searched through advanced search in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO databases. Finally, 28 articles were used in this study. We found that drugs may interact with each other when taking multiple medications, but these interactions are not always related to medications. Sometimes these interactions result from drugs reacting with food, beverages, and tobacco. Smokers have to take more doses of the drug for treatment in the long run, which can cause more side effects. In the long run, the person’s body becomes resistant to the drug and the dose has to be increased. Overuse of the drug causes the person to suffer more emotional and physical symptoms. Cigarettes can also have pharmacokinetic effects on some drugs (clozapine, olanzapine, and haloperidol). Tobacco causes nausea and the drug does not work well enough. In severe cases, the drug has to be injected intravenously, which makes the treatment much more difficult. Therefore, according to the studies, the patient’s history of smoking and alcohol consumption should be studied and medications should be prescribed according to it in order to treat in the best way.
The Effect of Smoking on the Increase of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Ahmadi Khadijeh , Gharibi Zahra , Davoodian Parivash , Gouklani Hamed , Hassaniazad Mehdi , Ahmadi Nahid
Published: August 2022

Smoking is a well-known major risk factor for respiratory tract and other systemic infections. The World Health Organization estimates that between 2000 and 2025, about 9% of deaths will be caused by tobacco use, and more than half of all smokers die from smoking-related diseases. Smoking can damage almost all organs of the human body and is a major risk factor for respiratory infections and other infectious diseases. Smoking can increase the risk of respiratory infections through various mechanisms, which include changes in the structural, functional, and immune defenses of the host. Smoking is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. Promoting smoking cessation is the most practical and economical preventive measure to reduce the severity of tobacco-related infections. In this study, we investigated the role of smoking in increasing the risk of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections. We also evaluated various mechanisms by which smoking increases the risk of tobacco-related infections.
La construcción sexo-genérica en el contexto de la escuela secundaria
Authors:   , Vissani Vanina
Published: August 2022

Se investigan los procesos de construcción sexogenéricas entre jóvenes en el marco de la escuela secundaria. Tiene que ver con el interrogante respecto a cómo se constituye esta dimensión de la identidad entre pares, atravesadxs por las lógicas de una institución como la escolar, a la vez que se dan los procesos de comunicación y educación, entendidos como construcción de sentidos y significados, interpelaciones y reconocimientos. Es un análisis cualitativo basado en experiencias de estudiantes de tres escuelas secundarias de la ciudad de La Plata, a partir de entrevistas, observaciones y producciones escritas que realizan en sus clases. Desde el campo de la Comunicación/educación, el aporte de los Estudios Culturales y el enfoque de género, se analizan experiencias de consumos culturales, de dinámicas en la escuela y discursos que se plasman en trabajos escritos.
Aprendizaje invisible y tecnologías. Realidades y voces de los docentes de educación básica en la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Ávila Patricia , Peñaloza Berenice , Guzmán Alma
Published: August 2022

The goal of this research was to identify the way in which basic education teachers develop the process of appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies.   During the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of technological skills to face emerging educational challenges in the contemporary context becomes significant through the use of different resources and technological means. The research was done through the qualitative approach, in which 6 semi-structured interviews were carried out with teachers who had more than 20 years of experience in the educational service, the results indicated that they developed digital skills such as: information search, design of digital teaching materials and platform management, as well as socio-emotional abilities such as empathy, collaboration, critical thinking and complexity management.
Acurácia dos diagnósticos de Enfermagem nos cuidados ao paciente crítico
Authors: Silva Alexsandra Martins da , Colaço Aline Daiane , Bertoncello Kátia Cilene Godinho , Silva Tatiana Gaffuri da , Amante Lúcia Nazareth , Matos Fabiana Gonçalves de Oliveira Azevedo
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: avaliar a acurácia dos diagnósticos de Enfermagem de pacientes internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, documental, retrospectiva e transversal. Foram avaliados 122 prontuários de pacientes adultos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital público catarinense, no período de 12 meses, que continham o histórico de Enfermagem e os diagnósticos de Enfermagem documentados nas primeiras 24 horas de internação do paciente. A avaliação da acurácia dos diagnósticos de Enfermagem foi realizada por duas avaliadoras utilizando a Escala de Acurácia dos Diagnósticos de Enfermagem - versão 2. Resultados: foram avaliados 809 diagnósticos, contidos em 122 prontuários, documentados por nove enfermeiros. Houve predominância de diagnósticos de Enfermagem com alta acurácia (n=665; 82,2%). Diagnósticos com acurácia moderada (n=64; 7,9%), acurácia baixa (n=54; 6,6%) e acurácia nula (n=26; 3,2%) foram pouco frequentes. Conclusão: o alto grau de acurácia da maioria significativa dos diagnósticos de Enfermagem avaliados indica o nível de refinamento do raciocínio clínico diagnóstico dos enfermeiros.
Associação entre peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e diagnósticos secundários na permanência hospitalar de recém-nascidos prematuros
Authors: Lima Marina Dayrell de Oliveira , Carmo Ariene Silva do , Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues , Mateus Lorena Medreiros de Almeida , Marcatto Juliana de Oliveira , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido , Abreu Ana Cláudia , Couto Renato Camargo , Pedrosa Tânia Moreira Grillo
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: verificar a associação entre peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e diagnósticos médicos secundários no tempo de permanência hospitalar de recém-nascidos prematuros. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 1.329 prontuários de recém-nascidos no período de julho de 2012 a setembro de 2015, em dois hospitais de Belo Horizonte, que utilizam o sistema Diagnosis Related Groups Brasil. Para determinar um ponto de corte para o peso ao nascer e a idade gestacional no nascimento que melhor determinasse o tempo de internação foi utilizada a curva Receive Operator Characteristic. Posteriormente, utilizou-se o teste de Análise de Variância e teste de Duncan para a comparação entre a média de tempo de permanência hospitalar. Resultados: a prematuridade sem problemas maiores (DRG792) foi a categoria mais prevalente (43,12%). O maior tempo médio de internação foi de 34,9 dias, identificado entre os recém-nascidos prematuros ou com Síndrome da angústia respiratória (DRG 790). A combinação de menor peso ao nascer e menor IG ao nascimento apresentaram o maior risco de permanência hospitalar, aumentada quando comparados ao demais perfis formados para esse DRG. Conclusão: os achados poderão direcionar a assistência em relação à mobilização de recursos físicos, humanos e de bens de consumo, além da análise crítica de condições que influenciam os desfechos clínicos. A possibilidade da otimização do uso desses recursos hospitalares aliada à melhoria da qualidade dos atendimentos e da segurança dos pacientes está associada a uma minimização do tempo de permanência hospitalar e da carga de morbidade e mortalidade neonatal.
Consumo de alimentos açucarados e qualidade do sono no primeiro ano de vida
Authors: Lima Marcia de Oliveira , Fernandes Julia Barros , Oliveira Priscilla Márcia Bezerra de , Menezes Risia Cristina Egito de , Longo-Silva Giovana , Marinho Patricia de Menezes , Silveira Jonas Augusto Cardoso da
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: investigar a duração do sono (DS), a frequência de despertares noturnos (DN) e o consumo de alimentos açucarados no primeiro ano de vida e verificar a associação entre o consumo desses alimentos e a má qualidade do sono. Métodos: a população do estudo foi composta de 179 crianças integrantes de uma coorte de nascimentos de Rio Largo-AL. As mães foram questionadas sobre a oferta regular de alimentos açucarados (açúcar/farinhas de cereais instantâneas com açúcar/bebidas açucaradas/doces) e o sono foi investigado pelo questionário traduzido e validado Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Foram considerados indicadores de má qualidade do sono DS<12h e DN>2. Os testes de qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fisher foram adotados para verificar associações entre o consumo de açucarados e a má qualidade do sono aos seis e 12 meses (p<0,05). Resultados: mais da metade das crianças apresentou DS<1 2h (60,3%) e cerca de ¼ DN>2. O consumo regular de pelo menos uma das categorias de açucarados foi verificado entre 50,6, 91,1 e 100% das crianças aos três, seis e 12 meses de idade, respectivamente. Não foram encontradas associações entre o consumo desses alimentos e os indicadores de má qualidade de sono. Conclusão: o consumo de açucarados e a má qualidade de sono foram frequentes em nosso estudo, no entanto, não se identificou associação entre as variáveis. Mais investigações são necessárias para elucidar como o sono e a alimentação se inter-relacionam e se potencializam mutuamente como fatores determinantes do crescimento e desenvolvimento de lactentes.
Colorless SnO- and Sb2O3-containing borate and borosilicate glasses with small photoelastic and high refractive properties
Authors: Mitsui Kazuki , Suzuki Keita , Saitoh Akira
Published: August 2022

We examined the relationship between optical properties and structures of 5s2-type cations such as Sn2+- and Sb3+-containing borate and borosilicate glass. Linear evolutions were observed for the compositional dependences of density, glass transition temperature, refractive index, and photoelastic constant in visible transparent oxide glasses. The structural information was provided using vibrational spectroscopy to elucidate polyhedral units of the borate and borosilicate systems. A weak ligand field around a Sn2+ close to tetrahedral borate unit, which is supported by applying density functional theory calculation, might lead to a blueshift of optical bandgap keeping small photoelastic constant and high refractive index.
In che anno siamo? Nel venti ventidue o nel duemilaventidue?
Authors: Coveri Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

Molti lettori ci scrivono per chiedere il parere dell’Accademia sul modo, che ha iniziato a diffondersi, specie nel linguaggio dei media, a partire dal 2020, di indicare gli anni come venti venti, venti ventuno, venti ventidue anziché duemilaventi, duemilaventuno, duemilaventidue.