bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Atypical Mutations in the Spike Glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2 Circulating from July 2020 to July 2022 in Central Italy: A Refined Analysis by Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Bellocchi Maria Concetta , Scutari Rossana , Carioti Luca , Iannetta Marco , Marchegiani Greta , Piermatteo Lorenzo , Coppola Luigi , Tedde Simona , Duca Leonardo , Malagnino Vincenzo , Ansaldo Lorenzo , Braccialarghe Neva , D′Anna Stefano , Santoro Maria Mercedes , Di Lorenzo Andrea , Salpini Romina , Teti Elisabetta , Svicher Valentina , Andreoni Massimo , Sarmati Loredana , Ceccherini-Silberstein Francesca ,   on behalf of the PTV-UTV-ID-COVID Group
Published: August 2023

In this study, we provided a retrospective overview in order to better define SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Italy during the first two years of the pandemic, by characterizing the spike mutational profiles and their association with viral load (expressed as ct values), N-glycosylation pattern, hospitalization and vaccination. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data were obtained from 607 individuals (among them, 298 vaccinated and/or 199 hospitalized). Different rates of hospitalization were observed over time and among variants of concern (VOCs), both in the overall population and in vaccinated individuals (Alpha: 40.7% and 31.3%, Beta: 0%, Gamma: 36.5% and 44.4%, Delta: 37.8% and 40.2% and Omicron: 11.2% and 7.1%, respectively, both p-values < 0.001). Approximately 32% of VOC-infected individuals showed at least one atypical major spike mutation (intra-prevalence > 90%), with a distribution differing among the strains (22.9% in Alpha, 14.3% in Beta, 41.8% in Gamma, 46.5% in Delta and 15.4% in Omicron, p-value < 0.001). Overall, significantly less atypical variability was observed in vaccinated individuals than unvaccinated individuals; nevertheless, vaccinated people who needed hospitalization showed an increase in atypical variability compared to vaccinated people that did not need hospitalization. Only 5/607 samples showed a different putative N-glycosylation pattern, four within the Delta VOC and one within the Omicron BA.2.52 sublineage. Interestingly, atypical minor mutations (intra-prevalence < 20%) were associated with higher Ct values and a longer duration of infection. Our study reports updated information on the temporal circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Central Italy and their association with hospitalization and vaccination. The results underline how SARS-CoV-2 has changed over time and how the vaccination strategy has contributed to reducing severity and hospitalization for this infection in Italy.
Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Overview of Viral Pathology, Immune Response, and Antiviral Strategies
Authors: Malik Shiza , Ahmed Amna , Ahsan Omar , Muhammad Khalid , Waheed Yasir
Published: August 2023

Background: The years 2022–2023 witnessed a monkeypox virus (mpox) outbreak in some countries worldwide, where it exists in an endemic form. However, the number of infectious cases is continuously on the rise, and there has been an unexpected, drastic increase in cases that result from sustained transmission in non-endemic regions of the world. Under this scenario, it is pertinent for the world to be aware of healthcare threats to mpox infection. This review aimed to compile advanced data regarding the different aspects of mpox disease. Methods: A comprehensive strategy for the compilation of recent data was adopted to add data regarding mpox, biology, viral pathology, immune response, and brief details on the antiviral strategies under trial; the search was limited to 2016–2023. The aim is to make the scientific community aware of diverse aspects of mpox. Results: Consequently, detailed insights have been drawn with regard to the nature, epidemiology, etiology, and biological nature of mpox. Additionally, its host interaction and viral infectious cycle and immune interventions have been briefly elaborated. This comprehensively drawn literature review delivers brief insights into the biological nature, immune responses, and clinical developments in the form of therapeutics against mpox. This study will help scientists understand the biological nature and responses in hosts, which will further help clinicians with therapeutic handling, diagnosis, and treatment options. Conclusions: This study will provide updated information on mpox’s pathology, immune responses, and antiviral strategies. Moreover, it will also help the public to become educated on the healthcare-associated threat and take timely mitigation measures against expected mpox outbreaks in the future.
Exigency of Plant-Based Vaccine against COVID-19 Emergence as Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Chattopadhyay Anirudha , Jailani A. Abdul Kader , Mandal Bikash
Published: August 2023

After two years since the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), more than six million deaths have occurred due to SARS-CoV-2, leading to an unprecedented disruption of the global economy. Fortunately, within a year, a wide range of vaccines, including pathogen-based inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines, replicating and non-replicating vector-based vaccines, nucleic acid (DNA and mRNA)-based vaccines, and protein-based subunit and virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines, have been developed to mitigate the severe impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. These vaccines have proven highly effective in reducing the severity of illness and preventing deaths. However, the availability and supply of COVID-19 vaccines have become an issue due to the prioritization of vaccine distribution in most countries. Additionally, as the virus continues to mutate and spread, questions have arisen regarding the effectiveness of vaccines against new strains of SARS-CoV-2 that can evade host immunity. The urgent need for booster doses to enhance immunity has been recognized. The scarcity of “safe and effective” vaccines has exacerbated global inequalities in terms of vaccine coverage. The development of COVID-19 vaccines has fallen short of the expectations set forth in 2020 and 2021. Furthermore, the equitable distribution of vaccines at the global and national levels remains a challenge, particularly in developing countries. In such circumstances, the exigency of plant virus-based vaccines has become apparent as a means to overcome supply shortages through fast manufacturing processes and to enable quick and convenient distribution to millions of people without the reliance on a cold chain system. Moreover, plant virus-based vaccines have demonstrated both safety and efficacy in eliciting robust cellular immunogenicity against COVID-19 pathogens. This review aims to shed light on the advantages and disadvantages of different types of vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2 and provide an update on the current status of plant-based vaccines in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparative Evaluation of GS-441524, Teriflunomide, Ruxolitinib, Molnupiravir, Ritonavir, and Nirmatrelvir for In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus
Authors: Barua Subarna , Kaltenboeck Bernhard , Juan Yen-Chen , Bird Richard Curtis , Wang Chengming
Published: August 2023

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by feline coronavirus (FcoV), is considered one of the most enigmatic diseases in cats. Developing effective drugs for FIP is crucial due to its global prevalence and severity. In this study, six antiviral drugs were tested for their cytotoxicity, cell viability, and antiviral efficacies in Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells. A cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that these drugs were safe to be used with essentially no cytotoxicity with concentrations as high as 250 µM for ruxolitinib; 125 µM for GS441524; 63 µM for teriflunomide, molnupiravir, and nirmatrelvir; and 16 µM for ritonavir. GS441524 and nirmatrelvir exhibited the least detrimental effects on the CRFK cells, with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values of 260.0 µM and 279.1 µM, respectively, while ritonavir showed high toxicity (CC50 = 39.9 µM). In the dose–response analysis, GS441524, nirmatrelvir, and molnupiravir demonstrated promising results with selectivity index values of 165.54, 113.67, and 29.27, respectively, against FIPV. Our study suggests that nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir hold potential for FIPV treatment and could serve as alternatives to GS441524. Continued research and development of antiviral drugs are essential to ensure the well-being of companion animals and improve our preparedness for future outbreaks of coronaviruses affecting animals and humans alike.
Electrocardiographic Reference Values in Clinically Healthy Lusitano Horses
Authors: Triguinho Alexandre , Fontes-Sousa Ana Patrícia , Pimenta José , Cotovio Mário
Published: August 2023

The Lusitano horse is gaining popularity in the equestrian world, and as a result, the significance of applied sports medicine for this breed is growing. As cardiology plays a crucial role in this field, numerous studies have been conducted to establish electrocardiographic reference values in various breeds to ensure a more accurate evaluation. However, studies regarding healthy Lusitano horses are lacking. So, this study aimed to establish electrocardiographic reference values for Lusitano horses, utilizing a sample of 82 clinically healthy animals. The evaluation involved lead II and base–apex lead measurements, with a median heart rate of 39 beats per minute being recorded. The P wave demonstrated a predominantly bifid configuration, while the QRS complex exhibited various forms. The most common QRS configurations were QR and R in lead II, and RS in the base–apex lead. Additionally, most T waves displayed a biphasic shape in both methods. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were noted based on age and gender. Some of the electrocardiographic values obtained differed from those previously published for other breeds. Given the relevance of electrocardiogram in cardiovascular evaluation, these findings bring valuable insights regarding the specific parameters for Lusitano horse and emphasize the importance of obtaining breed-specific electrocardiographic reference values.
Groundwater Circulation in the Shallow Crystalline Aquifer of Tharisa Mine, South Africa: Evidence from Environmental Isotopes and Near-Surface Geophysics
Authors: Dildar Jureya , Manzi Musa Siphiwe Doctor , Abiye Tamiru , Gomo Sikelela , Rapetsoa Moyagabo Kenneth , Drennan Gillian
Published: August 2023

For underground mining, efficient groundwater management is one of the critical mining economics components. The region of interest, known as Tharisa Mine, is situated on the western limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, which is home to South Africa’s premier platinum-group metal resources. This work aimed to provide the findings from the investigation and imaging of the near-subsurface hydrogeological architecture in a shallow profile using stable isotopes of water (18O and 2H) and radioactive water isotopes (3H). Regarding isotope data, 18O varied from −3.5 to 1.5‰; 2H from −24 to 4.7‰; and 3H from 2.0 to 3.4 T.U. Utilizing combined geophysical techniques, the results were verified. Additionally, the geophysical methods, including seismic refraction tomography, multichannel analysis of surface waves, electrical resistivity tomography, and magnetics, helped identify the fluid’s pathways and lineaments during migration to verify the isotope results. The groundwater inflow volumes into the open pit were initially determined by integrating the following findings: the delineation of fracture systems/zones and fluid migration pathways; mining activities enhance the storage and transmission ability of the aquifer; and the main sources of water in the mine include mixing of surface and deep water sources, recycling of water possibly via lineaments, and tailings dam seepages.
Effects of Hydrological Drought Periods on Thermal Stability of Brazilian Reservoirs
Authors: Rigotti Jucimara Andreza , Carvalho João Marcos , Soares Laura M. V. , Barbosa Carolina C. , Pereira Alice R. , Duarte Barbara P. S. , Mannich Michael , Koide Sergio , Bleninger Tobias , Martins José R. S.
Published: August 2023

Droughts can impact ecosystem services provided by reservoirs. Quantifying the intensity of droughts and evaluating their potential effects on the thermal stability of reservoirs are subjects that demand greater attention, due to both the importance of temperature on aquatic metabolism and the climate change scenarios that predict an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. This study aimed to investigate drought periods in ten Brazilian reservoirs and to discuss their effects on each reservoir’s thermal stability. The Standardized Precipitation Index at a twelve month timescale (SPI-12) was applied to identify the hydrological drought periods. One-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic modeling was used to simulate the water balance and the thermal dynamics in the reservoirs. Schmidt Stability Index (St) was calculated to assess the thermal stability of the reservoirs. The drought periods identified by the SPI-12 are related to decreasing water levels of the reservoirs, but the dam operating strategies and the upstream influence of cascading reservoirs are important drivers of fluctuations. A significant difference in St between wet and dry conditions was found only during summer for all reservoirs. Thus, this study identified alterations in thermal regime during drought periods according to the seasons and the reservoirs characteristics.
The image of the town in the dialogue of cultures: experience of a semiotic guide to civil diplomacy (through the example of Samarkand)
Authors:   Department for Supporting the Activities of the Secretariat of the Chairman of the Samara Provincial Duma, Ippolitova A.G.
Published: August 2023

Review of the book by: Ionesov A.I., Ionesov V.I. Samarkand: An Image of the Town in the Space of Intercultural Communication. An Encyclopedia of Foreign Samarkandiana / Samarkandiana Encyclopedia Project, Samarkand International Friendship Club “Esperanto”, Samara Society for Cultural Studies “Artifact — Cultural Diversity”, Samarkand International University of Technology. — Samarkand-Tashkent: SMI-ASIA, 2022. — 512 p.: 50 full-page color plates. The review provides an overview of the culturological experience of considering the city not only within its historical, cultural and geographical space, but also the transmission of cultural images through social practice and intercultural communication. The method of presenting information as a kind of semiotic guide is an original scientific and methodological scheme for understanding the cultural space of the city in cultural anthropology (on the example of Samarkand).
Thought: Parmenides' prohibition / Gorgias' self-will
Authors:   Union of cinematographers of Russia, film Director, screenwriter, Kuzin Yu.V.
Published: August 2023

The paper presents the philosophical arguments of the Sophist Gorgias of Leontius. For a long time, he was considered a judicial orator, rhetorician, teacher of eloquence. It's time to talk about Gorgias as a philosopher. His ontology, epistemology, and epistemology are as important as his rhetorical legacy. In this article, Gorgias appears as a broad-minded thinker. His ideas were echoed in German classical philosophy and French existentialism. Its cosmology was in tune with the concepts of physics of the XXI century. Gorgias is at the origin of the idea of an infinite number of Universes and quantum worlds. The author explores the speech personality of Gorgias, his games with language, his experiments with the genres of literature, poetry, and rhetoric. Gorgias had a great influence on the modern analytical philosophy of language. An important place in the article is given to the controversy between Gorgias and Parmenides, which goes far beyond the narrow limits of the “Eleatic question”.
Metabolism and milk productivity of cows when feeding energy feed additives
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after Academician D. N. Pryanichnikov”, Russia, Perm, Sycheva L. V. , Pastukhov S. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after Academician D. N. Pryanichnikov”, Russia, Perm
Published: August 2023

Balanced feeding of lactating cows is the main factor affecting productivity, the processes of milk formation, and its quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals are released from the body of cows with milk in large amount. With such intensive milk formation, all metabolic processes that aff ect the health of animals, their longevity, productivity and quality of the products obtained increase. Currently, domestic and foreign manufacturers of feed additives off er various energy supplements that support the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats in the body of lactating cows. The purpose of the research was to study the metabolism and milk productivity of cows during the period of milk increasing when feeding energy feed additives Kau Energy and Ketostop El. During the experiment, the animals of the control group received the main ration from the feed harvested in this farm. Cows of the 1st experimental group as part of the grain mixture were given 200 g/head/day of the additive Kau Energy, animals of the 2nd experimental group were given 200 g/head/day of the additive Ketostop El. Energy additives were fed to experimental cows 21 days before calving and for 100 days after calving. Feeding Ketostop El additive as part of the main ration increased the digestibility of the dry matter of the ration by 2,80 abs.% (p ≤ 0,05), organic matter by 2,02 abs.% (p ≤ 0,05), crude protein by 1,32 abs.%, crude fat by 3,20 abs.%, crude fi ber by 1,70 abs.% and nitrogen–free extractives by 2,96 abs.% (p ≤ 0,05). During the fi rst 100 days of lactation from cows of the 2nd experimental group received an average daily milk yield of 27,18 kg, which was by 6,17 % more than the control group. The diff erence in daily milk yield between the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was 0,98 kg or 3,74 %. In the 2nd experimental group, the duration of the open days period was 93,8 days, which was by 5,3 and 2,6 days less than in the control and 1st experimental groups, respectively. Thus, in order to improve metabolic indicators, increase milk productivity and milk quality, it is advisable to introduce Ketostop El energy feed additive into the ration of lactating cows in the amount of 200 g/head/day 21 days before calving and 100 days after calving.
Infl uence of change in the energy and amino acid nutritional value of compound feed on the meat productivity of quails
Authors:   Siberian Scientific and Research Institute of Poultry Farming – Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientifi c Institution «Omsk Agrarian Scientifi c Center», Russia, Omsk region, Morozovka, Basova E. A. , Yadrishchenskaya O. A. ,   Siberian Scientific and Research Institute of Poultry Farming – Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientifi c Institution «Omsk Agrarian Scientifi c Center», Russia, Omsk region, Morozovka, Shpуnova S. A. ,   Siberian Scientific and Research Institute of Poultry Farming – Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientifi c Institution «Omsk Agrarian Scientifi c Center», Russia, Omsk region, Morozovka, Selina T. V. ,   Siberian Scientific and Research Institute of Poultry Farming – Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientifi c Institution «Omsk Agrarian Scientifi c Center», Russia, Omsk region, Morozovka
Published: August 2023

In order to achieve high results when housing of quails, complete feeding has of great importance. The production of poultry meat and its cost depends on feeding. The formation of diets without the use of synthetic amino acid additives is not possible today, especially when trying to reduce the nutritional value and the cost of compound feed. Their use makes it possible to achieve greater fl exibility in the selection of raw materials, high availability of these substances while saving expensive food resources and a lower cost of the diet. At the same time, the reduction in the cost of the diet should not adversely affect its usefulness and the resulting products. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of changes in the energy and amino acid nutrition of compound feed on the meat productivity and quality of quail meat. The results of using compound feed with an increase in metabolic energy by 41,86 kJ and amino acids (lysine and methionine with cystine) by 10 and 15 %, their impact on livestock indicators, meat productivity, meat quality and economic efficiency of rearing quails of Estonian breed have been presented in the article. The change in the nutritional value of compound feed of the experimental groups contributed to a decrease in the cost of 1 ton of compound feed by 10,6–12,2 %, an increase in the slaughter yield by 0,7–1,1 abs.%, obtaining a greater yield of meat and proceeds from its sale by 0,7–2,5 %, reducing the cost of rearing by 1,8–2,9 % and the cost of 1 kg of meat by 2,5–5,2 %. It was found that the use of experimental compound feed recipes had an impact on lipid metabolism in the quail body. Thus, nutrients were spent on the growth of muscle tissue, and not on the deposition of abdominal fat: more muscle mass was obtained by 5,87 and 4,76 % and significantly less accumulation of abdominal fat in quails of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups by 67,74 % (p < 0,01) and 44,09 % (p < 0,05).
Wearable Leg Movement Monitoring System for High-Precision Real-Time Metabolic Energy Estimation and Motion Recognition
Authors: Yuan Jinfeng , Zhang Yuzhong , Liu Shiqiang , Zhu Rong
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive and quantitative assessment of human physical activity in daily life is valuable for healthcare, especially for those who suffer from obesity and neurological disorders or are at high risk of dementia. Common wearable devices, e.g., smartwatches, are insufficient and inaccurate for monitoring highly dynamic limb movements and assessing human motion. Here, we report a new wearable leg movement monitoring system incorporating a custom-made motion sensor with machine learning algorithm to perceive human motion accurately and comprehensively during diverse walking and running actions. The system enables real-time multimodal perceptions of personal identity, motion state, locomotion speed, and energy expenditure for wearers. A general law of extracting real-time metabolic energy from leg movements is verified although individual gaits show differences. In addition, we propose a novel sensing configuration combining unilateral lower leg movement velocity with its angular rate to achieve high accuracy and good generalizability while simplifying the wearable system. Advanced performances in personal identification (accuracy of 98.7%) and motion-state recognition (accuracy of 93.7%) are demonstrated. The wearable system also exhibites high-precision real-time estimations of locomotion speed (error of 3.04% to 9.68%) and metabolic energy (error of 4.18% to 14.71%) for new subjects across various time-varying conditions. The wearable system allows reliable leg movement monitoring and quantitative assessment of bodily kinematic and kinetic behaviors during daily activities, as well as safe identity authentication by gait parameters, which would greatly facilitate smart life, personal healthcare, and rehabilitation training.
Aspirin Use and Risk of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Large Case-Control Study
Authors: Momayez  Sanat Zahra , Masoudi Sahar , Tabaeian Seidamir Pasha , Jameh Shorani Maryam , Soruri Majid , Porshams Akram
Published: August 2023

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 5%. The incidence and mortality rates of PDAC are increasing, and the results of medical treatments remain unsatisfactory. Some conflicting evidence suggests that aspirin intake may reduce the risk of PDAC. This study aimed to evaluate the association between regular low-dose aspirin use (80-mg aspirin tablets, 5-7 tablets/week) and the risk of PDAC. Methods: This prospective, hospital-based, case-control study was performed on 470 PDAC patients (case group) and 526 sex and age-matched controls, in Tehran, Iran from 2011 to 2018. The participants were interviewed regarding the patterns of aspirin use. Data are expressed as mean±SD or frequency and percentage as appropriate. Differences in frequency between the case and control groups were evaluated based on the analysis of the contingency table (χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test). Propensity score models were designed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for PDAC with respect to aspirin use, adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, opium use, diabetes mellitus, place of residence, and family history of cancer in first-degree relatives. Results: About 60% of PDAC patients were male in this study. Also, 25.2% of PDAC patients had a family history of cancer in one of their first-degree relatives, 21.99% were smokers, 13.9% were opium users, and 11.7% had a history of diabetes. Aspirin was used by 22.77% of PDAC patients and 18.25% of the controls. Ever aspirin use (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.89 – 1.14) was not associated with PDAC. Conclusion: Overall, aspirin use was not associated with a reduced risk of PDAC.
Emerging Epidemiological Data on Rare Intellectual Disability Syndromes from Analyzing the Data of a Large Iranian Cohort
Authors: Zare Ashrafi Farzane , Akhtarkhavari Tara , Fattahi Zohreh , Asadnezhad Maryam , Beheshtian Maryam , Arzhangi Sanaz , Najmabadi Hossein , Kahrizi Kimia
Published: August 2023

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a genetically heterogeneous condition, and so far, 1679 human genes have been identified for this phenotype. Countries with a high rate of parental consanguinity, such as Iran, provide an excellent opportunity to identify the remaining novel ID genes, especially those with an autosomal recessive (AR) mode of inheritance. This study aimed to investigate the most prevalent ID genes identified via next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a large ID cohort at the Genetics Research Center (GRC) of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. Methods: First, we surveyed the epidemiological data of 619 of 1295 families in our ID cohort, who referred to the Genetics Research Center from all over the country between 2004 and 2021 for genetic investigation via the NGS pipeline. We then compared our data with those of several prominent studies conducted in consanguineous countries. Data analysis, including cohort data extraction, categorization, and comparison, was performed using the R program version 4.1.2. Results: We categorized the most common ID genes that were mutated in more than two families into 17 categories. The most common syndromic ID in our cohort was AP4 deficiency syndrome, and the most common non-syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) gene was ASPM. We identified two unrelated families for the 36 ID genes. We found 14 genes in common between our cohort and the Arab and Pakistani groups, of which three genes (AP4M1, AP4S1, and ADGRG1) were repeated more than once. Conclusion: To date, there has been no comprehensive targeted NGS platform for the detection of ID genes in our country. Due to the large sample size of our study, our data may provide the initial step toward designing an indigenously targeted NGS platform for the diagnosis of ID, especially common ARID in our population.
Complications and Related Risk Factors of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Neonates: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Razavinejad Seyyed Mostajab , Saeed Najib , Pourarian Shahnaz , Rezaei Mehrdad , Bahrami Reza , Yazdani Negar , Barzegar Hamide , Yarmahmoodi Fatemeh
Published: August 2023

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are an effective method for medication and nutrition infusion in preterm neonates. The present study aimed to identify the incidence of the most common complications of PICC implantation and evaluate the risk factors of each complication. Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 2500 neonates with birth weights (BWs)≥500 g and gestational age (GA)>24 weeks who had a history of PICC inserted in three NICUs between August 2015 and August 2018. Data were collected by reviewing medical records. Demographic data and indices of catheter placement, duration of catheter placement, and common complications were recorded. Data analysis was done using SPSS-21. Results: The median cubital vein had the most PICC placement (43%). The most common complication was tip malposition (48.2%). The incidence rates (95% CI) of the main complications such as malposition, edema/occlusion, and PICC migration were 0.0356 (0.0337-0.0377), 0.0134 (0.0122-0.0147), and 0.0088 (0.0079-0.0099), respectively. PICC insertion position was the strongest predictor of malposition for the cephalic vein. Besides, the incidence of malformation in the cephalic vein was about six times higher than in the median cubital vein. Independent risk factors for non-technical complications included BW (OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.79), administration of hyperosmolar medications (OR=3.43, 95% CI 2.62-4.51), position (OR=2.43, 95% CI 1.92- 3.08), and duration of catheter presence (OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The most common complication was malposition related to catheter placement in an emergency. Moreover, BW, administration of hyperosmolar medications, and duration of catheter presence were the most critical risk factors for non-technical complications. Therefore, it is recommended to educate the PICC insertion team to reduce tip malposition and replace long-term catheters.
The Protective Effects of Aloe Vera Gel Extract on the Sexual Complications Caused by Diabetes in Male Rats
Authors: Ghaffari Hamid Reza , Bagheri Gholam Reza , Fouladi Bahman , Barmaki Babak , Alipour Tabrizi Maliheh , Poursamimi Marzieh , Poursamimi Javad
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Diabetics usually suffer from chronic complications, including microvascular and macrovascular disorders. The capillaries supplying the sexual organs affect normal sexual functions. The erectile process has been shown to be impaired in diabetics. Vascular damage in diabetics may be associated with decreased testosterone production, sperm count, testicular weight, and seminiferous tubule diameter. In this study, we investigated the effects of Aloe vera gel extract (from Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran) on the male genital system in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats were included in the study. Diabetes was induced in 12 rats by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into four groups. The first and third groups received saline (NaCl) by gavage daily. The second and fourth groups received Aloe vera gel extract daily by gavage. Treatments were continued for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were taken and serum glucose and testosterone levels were measured by photometric methods. Histological examinations were performed on the prostate and testes. Results: Mean weight index, serum levels of glucose and testosterone, mean sperm count, germinal epithelium (GE) thickness, and seminiferous tubule diameter improved significantly in the diabetes+Aloe vera group. Conclusion: We concluded that consumption of Aloe vera gel extract improved sexual complications in diabetic rats.
A Hybrid of Random Forests and Generalized Path Analysis: A Causal Modeling of Crashes in 52,524 Suburban Areas
Authors: Jahanjoo Fatemeh , Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Hosseini Seyyed Teymoor , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Background: Determining suburban area crashes’ risk factors may allow for early and operative safety measures to find the main risk factors and moderating effects of crashes. Therefore, this paper has focused on a causal modeling framework. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: In this study, 52524 suburban crashes were investigated from 2015 to 2016. The hybrid-random-forest-generalized-path-analysis technique (HRF-gPath) was used to extract the main variables and identify mediators and moderators. Results: This study analyzed 42 explanatory variables using a RF model, and it was found that collision type, distinct, driver misconduct, speed, license, prior cause, plaque description, vehicle maneuver, vehicle type, lighting, passenger presence, seatbelt use, and land use were significant factors. Further analysis using g-Path demonstrated the mediating and predicting roles of collision type, vehicle type, seatbelt use, and driver misconduct. The modified model fitted the data well, with statistical significance ( χ230 =81.29, P<0.001) and high values for comparative-fit-index and Tucker-Lewis-index exceeding 0.9, as well as a low root-mean-square-error-of-approximation of 0.031 (90% confidence interval: 0.030-0.032). Conclusion: The results of our study identified several significant variables, including collision type, vehicle type, seatbelt use, and driver misconduct, which played mediating and predicting roles. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex factors that contribute to collisions via a theoretical framework and can inform efforts to reduce their occurrence in the future.
Admissibility of Written record of Interrogation as Impeachment Evidence
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Procedure Law, Hong Jinyoung
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we addressed the issue of whether it is possible to submit a written record of suspect's interrogation, which cannot be used as substantive evidence in court due to the defendant's denial of its contents, as impeachment evidence for proving guilt. While previous Supreme Court precedents have taken an affirmative stance on this matter, there have been dissenting academic opinions and lower court decisions against it. In addition, with the practical importance of this issue increasing after the amendment of the Criminal Procedure Act in 2020, the situation has changed. Although the previous Supreme Court precedents are generally valid, they have failed to sufficiently consider the risk that the fact-finding entity may have limited ability in utilizing such evidence only as impeachment evidence when it has potential risk to be used as substantive evidence. Therefore, this paper presents an interpretative approach that restricts the conditions for using a suspect's statement as impeachment evidence compared to the previous approach. First, impeachment should be limited to specific statements made by the defendant during the interrogation process. Second, the prosecutor should have made reasonable efforts to submit the defendant's statement as substantive evidence. Third, the lawfulness of the suspect's statement and the voluntariness of the confession should be recognized. Fourth, the accuracy of the statement during the writing process should be ensured.
Polur Fort
Authors: Satish Kumar S
Published: August 2023

An 800-year-old grand fort built by Tamils in Tamil land is located at Polur, Tiruvannamalai district. It is known that this fort was built by the Sambuvaraya kings. From the 11th century AD to the 14th century AD, the Sambuvarayas accepted the rule of the later Chola, Pandya and Vijayanagara emperors and were the rulers of Tondaimandalam and were small land kings. Virinchipuram and Kanchipuram near Vellore were the capitals of Sambuvarayas. Padaiveedu near Polur was a fort town of the Sambuvarayas.
Vinaingnar in Perumpaanaatruppadai
Authors: Chandrasekaran M , Alibava U
Published: August 2023

Classical Literatures resembles the ancient Tamil social system. Although the ‘sangam period was a golden age’ with the terrestrial system of Kurinchi, mullai, marutham and neythal, the rich, the poor, the landlords and the landless lived in that period. The land owners were economically prosperous and the landless were unwealthy and employer for the landlords. The classical songs show that this difference is abundant in the affluent wetland community. One of the Classical song Perumpaanaatruppadai features news about a worker (Vinaingnar) who lives and works with landowners for the most part.
Game of Ball Play by Women in Literature
Authors: Mangaiyarkkarasi G
Published: August 2023

In Tamil literature, women’s games are said to be punalatu, vattututal, kalangkatutal, orayatutal, pendulum, vandalilaittal, pavai game, tayam and many other games, but it is better to play ball. Let’s explore ‘Women’s Bowling in Literature’.
Food Tradition of Tamilian and Legacy Change
Authors: Rani Elizabeth D
Published: August 2023

After human being have created in this world, they began to know the nature of life and to live. The nomadic man lived together as a group. The basic human needs are food, clothing and shelter. Man has tried in many ways to achieve self-sufficiency of basic necessities. Tamilians are the first race to appear in the world and they ate foods naturally obtained from plants. They tasted animals, birds, fish etc., that is the organisms live in water and on land. Only after the finding fire till then they ate only raw food. After the discovery of fire, they added the flavouring ingredients as well used different methods of cooking like baking, boiling, grilling, frying etc., and prepared food and ate. Sangam literature exemplifies the ethics of individual human life and the functions of society as the life repository of Sangam Tamilians. Sangam literature showed that Tamils ate vegetable, meat and wine and they enjoyed all kinds of food. The didactic literature that emerged after the Sangam Period, support for the vegetarian diet and condemns meat and alcohol consumption. These descriptions illustrate the reasons why the meat and wine are festive food, food served at weddings, lovingly served food to the guest, by the common man to the barbarians should be rejected. This research article is written to know the food structure of the Tamilians and legacy change of food methods due to time and social change through the Sangam Period Literature like Ettuththogai, Pathuppaattu and Tholkappiyam and Didactic Literature like Thirukkural, Naladiyar etc.
Bhuta Traditions and Religious Traditions
Authors: Sivakumar L
Published: August 2023

There are ideas about Bhuta found in Ancient Tamil Literatures. They Fall into Three categories. Among them, natural objects (five elements) are associated with Bhuta Religion, the worship god Sathukka Bhuta is associated with Sramana Religions like Jainism, Bhddhism, and the protective god Bhuta Ganam or collective Bhutas are associated with Saivism. This Article examines these three types of Bhutas in detail.
“Pudiya Veielum Neelakadalum” Navalil Vazhvin Etharththangal
Authors: Chandiran A
Published: August 2023

On the one hand, it is to live that life is to live. On the other hand, it is to make a commitment to live this way and not to deviate from it. We can see that the way of life of man lies behind these contradictory principles. As Kierkegaard puts it in his book Either / or, it is as if man’s life is an ethical life and an aesthetic life. That is to say, it is the reality of human life to experience every moment the various existences of joy, sorrow, hatred, sadness, misery, etc., as life is conducted in the context of unexpected twists and turns, problems and struggles. A copy of such realities is the novel ‘ pudiya veielum neelakadalum (The New Sun and the Blue Sea). With two central characters, Ashokarajan and Latha, this article presents a glimpse into the realities of human life that are intertwined with the story of the novel.
The ‘Nannool’ Say the Teacher and Student’s Grammar, Anna Likes Teacher and student’s Ideal
Authors: Kavitha S
Published: August 2023

Anna once worked as a teacher. So he knows the teacher’s ways. He carefully pondered the teachers’ problems and expressed his views. Teachers should consider themselves well-offered rather than well-offered. Teaching is like sugarcane. On the one hand they gain knowledge; On the other hand they impart the acquired knowledge to the students. The work of teaching teachers and students. It is as if the mother bird and the young birds search for prey until it is ripe. When the baby bird reaches hunting maturity, it grows its own food. Just like a mother bird is happy to see this, teachers are also happy to see their students shine in knowledge. This article tries to compare the views expressed by teachers and students Nannool and Professor Anna.
A Brief Note on Indifference
Authors: García Manuel
Published: August 2023

Authors including Robert Nozick (1977) and Bryan Caplan (1999) have levied criticism against the treatment of indifference within the Austrian tradition of economic theory. Their attempts to dismiss the Austrian position on this matter as unrealistic and contradictory are unsatisfactory as they fail to properly portray the core differences between the Austrian and neoclassical concepts of goods, utility, and preference, thus rendering their analysis inaccurate. The only preference that is relevant to the understanding of purposeful human action is the preference of ends, and indifference of ends cannot exist.
HUMANISMO, UM TEMA AINDA NECESSÁRIO
Authors: Bortoleto Edivaldo José
Published: August 2023

Este artigo toma o tema do humanismo como questão central no pensamento que Francisco vem formulando em seu magistério, cujo pontificado iniciou-se em 2013, no contexto da renúncia do papa Bento XVI. John W. O’Malley diz que “ninguém esperava que o novo papa acendesse um entusiasmo quase maníaco e que o fizesse não apenas entre os católicos, mas também entre pessoas de outras tradições religiosas e, ainda mais surpreendente, em pessoas sem qualquer crença religiosa. De repente, uma longa era parecia ter acabado e uma nova parecia ter começado”. No humanismo de Francisco não se encontram separados natureza, cultura, história e mistério. Portanto, pode-se dizer que nele encontra-se uma cosmologia articulada com uma filosofia e teologia da cultura e da história cujo acabamento está no ápice de uma mística. Assim, três direções tomam este artigo enquanto perguntas investigativas. Primeira: como se apresenta o humanismo formulado por Francisco no contexto dos humanismos? Segundo: o humanismo formulado por Francisco e que se insere na Doutrina Social da Igreja é factível à construção de uma fraternidade universal? Terceiro: Quais condições teóricas e práticas podem ser encontradas na formulação de Francisco para a consecução e realização do projeto de uma fraternidade universal? Estas questões buscam e acenam na totalidade da Laudato Si’ uma proposição de uma arquitetônica de saberes, novidade ímpar na história das encíclicas desde Leão XIII no século XIX. A hipótese que atravessa esta reflexão é a de que Francisco formula um humanismo libertador, portanto, há um giro no interior da própria Doutrina Social da Igreja fazendo com que sua leitura eurocêntrica até o pontificado de Bento XVI se dê, doravante, em perspectiva desde as periferias do mundo globalizado, ou seja, desde a América Latina Caribenha, a África, a Ásia e a Oceania, subsumindo a opção preferencial e solidária pelos mais pobres.
MANAGEMENT OF TRAINING PROGRAMS BY HRD CV.SULTAN COFFEE INDONESIA
Authors: Septiawan Bambang
Published: August 2023

This research focuses on investigating the management of training program which held by CV. Sultan Coffee Indonesia. Even though, this company still in process of developing since 2019, it needs to conduct training regularly to build up the excellent capacity to the employee for making sure the products follows market wants. The theories used are about human resource management focusing on developing good capacity for employee from several experts. The data is taken by observing, the secondary researcher is full observer that assist a lot for collecting the data. The analysis data is done sequently until find and describe the result as well as discussion of the research. The result finds that management training program starting with training needs assessment analysis, goal formulation, design, implementation, until training evaluation. Each step is done sequently according to the needs of training regularly or conditionally based on the requirement for gaining the highest market and profit.
DAMPAK COVID-19 PADA PENDAPATAN PETANI MELON DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN WATES
Authors: KHOIRIANTO REDY , Masrunik Endah
Published: August 2023

Covid-19 has had a significant impact on various sectors in Indonesia. One of them is economics. The community's economy has decreased due to restrictions in the Covid era, besides the declining economy has caused people's purchasing power to also decrease. So this study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the income of melon farmers in Purworejo Village, Wates District, Blitar Regency. This research method uses qualitative research. The data collection methods used in this study were observation, documentation, and interviews. The results showed that with the Covid-19 pandemic the income of melon farmers decreased significantly. The price of melons for types A and b decreased by about 20%, while for melons type C the decline was up to 50%. So from this decline, the sales income of melon farmers decreased from Rp. 2000, - to Rp. 5000, - / kg. To avoid selling with big losses, melon farmers sell their harvests in bulk. In addition, melon farmers also prefer not to join the partnership.
PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, PENGETAHUAN KEUANGAN DAN PENGENDALIAN DIRI TERHADAP PERILAKU MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PADA UMKM YANG TERDAPAT DI PULAU MADURA
Authors: Kurniawan Moh. Zaki , Christian Simon Mickhael
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang pengaruh literasi keuangan, pengetahuan keuangan dan pengendalian diri terhadap perilaku manajemen keuangan pada UMKM yang terdapat di Pulau Madura. Purpose Sampling adalah metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan responden berjumlah 70 orang. Penelitian ini memiliki hasil yang menunjukkan bahwawasanya ada pengaruh literasi keuangan dan pengetahuan keuangan pada perilaku manajemen keuangan, akan tetapi tidak ada pengaruh pengendalian diri terhadap perilaku manajemen keuangan.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasi pada Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OBC) Sebagai Pemediasi di Kantor Kecamatan Bangkalan
Authors: Ayu Inengah , Safrizal Helmi Buyung Aulia
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan di kantor kabupaten Bangkalan. Penelitian ini memecahkan permasalahan yang ada di kantor kabupaten Bangkalan yakni kinerja pegawai. Sumber daya manusia yang terkandung didalamnya harus memiliki kinerja yang baik guna mencapai tujuan organisasi. Untuk mencapai kinerja yang baik, komitmen organisasi setiap karyawan harus ditingkatkan dan perlu dilakukan penyesuaian untuk mencapai tujuannya. Masalah eksistensial ini menyangkut pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan komitmen organisasi Pada perilaku kewargaan organisasi (OCB) dan kinerja, serta uji perilaku kewargaan organisasi (OCB) dengan sebagai mediator dalam hubungan tempat kerja dan komitmen organisasi Pada kinerja Bangkalan. Staf kantor kecamatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian kuantitatif. Data tersebut diambil dari survey seluruh pegawai yang dilakukan oleh Kantor Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangkalan dengan total 150 pegawai dan sampel sebanyak 104 pegawai. Metode pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Pemodelan struktural menggunakan metode Partial Least Squares (PLS) digunakan untuk analisis data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan kerja dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan Pada perilaku kewargaan organisasi (OCB), lingkungan kerja dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif Pada perilaku kewargaan organisasi. (OCB) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif Pada kinerja karyawan, dan perilaku kewargaan organisasi (OCB) dapat memediasi hubungan antara lingkungan kerja dan komitmen organisasi Pada kinerja karyawan.