bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High local unemployment and increased mortality in Danish adults; results from a prospective multilevel study
Authors: Osler M , Christensen U , Lund R , Gamborg M , Godtfredsen N , Prescott E
Published: October 2003

Aims:To examine the relation between unemployment rates in area of residence and all-cause mortality, taking the individuals’ unemployment experience and a number of social and behavioural factors into account.

Methods:Prospective cohort study with record linkage to mortality and unemployment registers. Data were pooled data from two population studies conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark. The association between unemployment at parish level and mortality was examined in Cox proportional hazard analysis. A total of 15 980 men and women, aged 20–67 years and employed at 1 January 1980, were studied. All-cause mortality was followed from January 1981 to December 1998.

Results:The unemployment rate in the area of residence was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratiohighestvlowest quartile1.35:0.14–1.60) even after adjustment for individuals’ unemployment experience in 1980, which was also a risk factor (hazard ratioyes/no1.38:1.16–1.64). These estimates attenuated somewhat when other social and behavioural covariates were taken into account. The effects were similar in men and women, but the influence of individuals’ unemployment experience during one and five years decreased gradually with increasing age.

Conclusion:This prospective study suggests that high local unemployment and individuals’ experience of unemployment increase mortality risk, even after adjustment for other social and behavioural factors.
Amenability and Co-Amenability for Locally Compact Quantum Groups
Authors: Bédos E. , Tuset L.
Published: October 2003

We define concepts of amenability and co-amenability for locally compact quantum groups in the sense of J. Kustermans and S. Vaes. Co-amenability of a lcqg (locally compact quantum group) is proved to be equivalent to a series of statements, all of which imply amenability of the dual lcqg. Further, it is shown that if a lcqg is amenable, then its universal dual lcqg is nuclear. We also define and study amenability and weak containment concepts for representations and corepresentations of lcqg's.
Higher-Order Differential Operators on a Lie Group and Quantization
Authors: Aldaya V. , Guerrero J. , Marmo G.
Published: October 2003

This talk is devoted mainly to the concept of higher-order polarization on a group, which is introduced in the framework of a Group Approach to Quantization, as a powerful tool to guarantee the irreducibility of quantization and/or representations of Lie groups in those anomalous cases where the Kostant–Kirilov co-adjoint method or the Borel–Weyl–Bott representation algorithm do not succeed.
Integrable 1+1 Dimensional Gravity Models
Authors: Filippov A. T.
Published: October 2003

Integrable models of dilaton gravity coupled to electromagnetic and scalar matter fields in dimensions 1+1 and 0+1 are reviewed. The 1+1 dimensional integrable models are either solved in terms of explicit quadratures or reduced to the classically integrable Liouville equation. The 0+1 dimensional integrable models emerge as sectors in generally non integrable 1+1 dimensional models and can be solved in terms of explicit quadratures. The Hamiltonian formulation and the problem of quantizing are briefly discussed. Applications to gravity in any space-time dimension are outlined and a generalization of the so called 'no-hair' theorem is proven using local properties of the Lagrange equations for a rather general 1+1 dimensional dilation gravity coupled to matter.
A Quantum Gauge Group Approach to the 2D SU(n) WZNW Model
Authors: Furlan Paolo , Hadjiivanov Ludmil K. , Todorov Ivan T.
Published: October 2003

The cannonical quantization of the WZNW model provides a complete set of exchange relation in the enlarged chiral state spaces that include the Gauss components M±, [Formula: see text] of the monodromy matrices M, [Formula: see text]. Regarded as new dynamical variables, the elements of M and [Formula: see text] cannot be identified — they satisfy different exchange relations. Accordingly, the two dimensional theory expressed in terms of the left and right movers' fields does not automatically respect monodromy invariance.

Continuing our recent work on the subject we show that the definition of the appropriate physical subspace of the SU(n) WZNW model involves an extended quantum group symmetry in a finite dimensional Fock space. In the simplest (n = 2) case we explicitly construct the subspace of Uq(sl(2)) ⊗ Uq(sl(2)) invariant vectors. Monodromy invariance is also restored in a weak sense.
Hirota's Bilinear Method and its Generalization
Authors: Hietarinta Jarmo
Published: October 2003

We review Hirota's bilinear method for constructing multisoliton solutions, its use in searching for new soliton equations, and its generalization to higher multi-linearity using gauge invariance as the determining property. Hirota's method is relevant even when a soliton solution is not the object of the study, as an example we show how it clarifies the singularity structure of the discrete Painlevé I equation.
Contractions of Lie Algebras and Separation of Variables.
Authors: Izmest'ev A. A. , Pogosyan G. S. , Sissakian A. N. , Winternitz P.
Published: October 2003

The Inönü-Wigner contraction from the Lorentz group O(2,1) to the Euclidean group E(2) is used to relate the separation of variables in the Laplace-Beltrami operators on the two corresponding homogeneous spaces. We consider the contractions on four levels: the Lie algebra, the commuting sets of second order operators in the enveloping algebra o(2,1), the coordinate systems and some eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operators.
Complete Energy Spectrum of a N-Body Problem in One Dimension
Authors: Khare Avinash
Published: October 2003

After a brief review of the Calogero-Sutherland type models, I obtain the complete energy spectrum of a N-body problem in one dimension. The case of 3-body problem is discussed in detail. An application to branched polymers is also briefly mentioned.
Group Contractions: Inonu, Wigner, and Einstein
Authors: Kim Y.S.
Published: October 2003

Einstein's E = mc2 unifies the momentum-energy relation for massive and massless particles. According to Wigner, the internal space–time symmetries of massive and massless particles are isomorphic to O(3) and E(2) respectively. According to Inonu and Wigner, O(3) can be contracted to E(2) in the large-radius limit. It is noted that the O(3)-like little group for massive particles can be contracted to the E(2)-like little group for massless particles in the limit of large momentum and/or small mass. It is thus shown that transverse rotational degress of freedom for massive particles become contracted to gauge degrees of freedom for massless particles.
Various Approaches to Spectral Problems for Integrable Systems in the QISM
Authors: Komarov I. V.
Published: October 2003

Algebraic Bethe Ansatz, separation of variables and Baxter's method of functional equation are three main approaches to finding spectrum of commuting integrals of motion in the frame of quantum inverse scattering method. Their connections are discussed.
Some Aspects of o(2,1) and Some Applications of o(4) and o(4,2) to Atomic Physics
Authors: de Prunelé E.
Published: October 2003

Relations between o(2,1) and o(3) and the application of o(4) = o(3) × o(3) coherent states to the description of elliptical hydrogenic states are presented. The method of o(4,2) operator replacements with its application to the quantum mechanical three-body-Coulomb problem is introduced.
Geometries of Orthogonal Groups and their Contractions: A Unified Classical Deformation Viewpoint
Authors: Santander M. , Herranz F. J.
Published: October 2003

The geometries of spaces having as groups the real orthogonal groups and some of their contractions are described from a common point of view. Their central extensions and Casimirs are explicitly given. An approach to the trigonometry of their spaces is also advanced.
Pair Collision Transition Operators of the Three-Body Problem on a Line
Authors: Akishin P.G. , Puzynin I.V. , Vinitsky S.I.
Published: October 2003

The system of three gravitating particles on a line is considered. The forward and backward expansions of the solution in the Taylor series are used for numerical study of the problem. On the basis of the description of the solutions in the vicinity of pair collision points the pair collision transition operators are introduced. The dynamical problem is reduced to the study of the 2D-maps in the space of free parameters of the system in the vicinity of pair collision points. The first results of the computer simulations are presented.
Determining Zero Lyapunov Exponents in Continuous Time Dynamical Systems
Authors: Birol İnanç , Hacinliyan Avadis
Published: October 2003

Using the tangent bundle conjecture for the Lyapunov exponents, which considers these quantities as a generalization of eigenvalues to nonlinear systems, this work tries to identify zero exponents of a given system, if it exhibits one, via algebraic techniques. The existence of zero Lyapunov exponents for the Toda, Hénon-Heiles and two decoupled simple harmonic oscillator systems are shown.
Some Algebraic Properties of Continuous Time Dynamical Systems
Authors: Birol İnanç , Hacinliyan Avadis
Published: October 2003

Number of zero Lyapunov exponents of a system is directly related to the dimension of the manifold of the system attractor. Moreover, this attractor dimension is governed by the algebraic structure of the manifold it lives on. In this work we try to establish a basis for the description of this manifold, which we aim to use in determining zero Lyapunov exponents of a continuous time dynamical system.
Spin-Flavour Symmetry and Contractions Towards Classical Space-Time Symmetry
Authors: Dahm Rolf
Published: October 2003

A classification scheme of hadrons is proposed on the basis of the division algebra H of quaternions and an appropriate geometry. This scheme suggests strongly to understand flavour symmetry in another manner than from standard symmetry schemes. In our approach, we do not start from "exact" symmetry groups like SU(2) × SU(2) chiral symmetry and impose various symmetry breaking mechanisms which collide with theorems wellknown from quantum field theory. On the contrary, the approximate symmetry properties of the hadron spectrum at low energies, usually classified by "appropriately" broken compact flavour groups, emerge very naturally as a low energy reduction of the noncompact (dynamical) symmetry group Sl(2,H). This quaternionic approach not only avoids most of the wellknown conceptual problems of Chiral Dynamics but it also allows for a general treatment of relativistic flavour symmetries as well as it yields a direct connection towards classical relativistic symmetry.
Irreducible Representations of Deformed Oscillator Algebra and q-Special Functions
Authors: Damaskinsky E. V. , Kulish P. P.
Published: October 2003

Different generators of a deformed oscillator algebra give rise to one-parameter families of q-exponential functions and q-Hermite polynomials. Connections of the Stieltjes and Hamburger classical moment problem with the corresponding resolution of unity are also pointed out.
The Exact Solution of the Cauchy Problem for Two Generalized Fokker-Planck Equations — Algebraic Approach
Authors: Donkov A. A. , Donkov A. D. , Grancharova E. I.
Published: October 2003

By employing algebraic techniques we find the exact solutions of the Cauchy problem for two equations, which may be considered as n-dimensional generalization of the famous Fokker–Planck equation. Our approach is a combination of the disentangling techniques of R. Feynman with operational method developed in modern functional analysis in particular in the theory of partial differential equations. Our method may be considered as a generalization of the M. Suzuki method of solving the Fokker–Planck equation.
SUSUSY Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Fernández C. David J.
Published: October 2003

The exactly solvable eigenproblems in Schrödinger quantum mechanics typically involve the differential "shift operators". In the standard supersymmetric (SUSY) case, the shift operator turns out to be of first order. In this work, I discuss a technique to generate exactly solvable eigenproblems by using second order shift operators. The links between this method and SUSY are analysed. As an example, we show the existence of a two-parametric family of exactly solvable Hamiltonians, which contains the Abraham–Moses potentials as a particular case.
The Quantum Symplectic Cayley-Klein Groups
Authors: Gromov N. A. , Kostyakov I. V. , Kuratov V. V.
Published: October 2003

The contraction method applied to the construction of the nonsemisimple quantum symplectic Cayley-Klein groups Fun(Spq(n;j)). This groups has been realised as Hopf algebra of the noncommutative functions over the algebra with nilpotent generators. The dual quantum algebras spq(n;j) are constructed.
Contractions of Integrable Equations
Authors: Gromov N. A. , Kostyakov I. V. , Kuratov V. V.
Published: October 2003

The contraction is applied to obtaining of integrable systems associated with nonsemisimple algebras. The effect of contraction is splitting off some components from initial system without loss of integrability.
On the Fine Gradings of Simple Classical Lie Algebras
Authors: Havlíček Miloslav , Patera Jiří , Pelantová Edita
Published: October 2003

Using the classification of maximal commutative subgroups in group of automorphisms of gl(n,C), we describe procedure for obtaining fine gradings in simple classical Lie algebras. This algorithm is applied to the algebras sl(4,C), o(4,C) and sp(4,C). Every grading is associated with label graphs. In this way, the problem whether two gradings are equivalent is reduced to the problem whether corresponding graphs are isomorphic. It is shown that there exist exactly 9 nonequivalent fine gradings in gl(4,C), 6 fine gradings in o(4,C) and 3 fine gradings in sp(4,C).
On the Spectrum-Generating Algebras of Oscillator and Coulomb Problems
Authors: de Lange O. L.
Published: October 2003

The three-dimensional oscillator and Coulomb problems are compared from the point of view of their spectrum-generating algebras. The representation independence (duality) of their shift operators and their classical limits are discussed. A "Bertrand type" theorem for bifactorizability of vector operators is conjectured.
Integrable Hierarchy from Topological Gauge Theory
Authors: Lee Jyh-Hao , Pashaev Oktay K.
Published: October 2003

By the recursion operator of nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy, integrable models in 1+1 dimensions are related to the hierarchy of U(1) invariant gauge fixing constraints for the BF gauge theory. The loop algebra structure for the related linear problem with the spectral parameter as a constant valued, zero-strength gauge degree of freedom is derived.
Self-Dual Yang–Mills Equations and Integrable Reductions
Authors: Legaré M.
Published: October 2003

The self-dual Yang-Mills equations and their corresponding Lax pair (or linear system) in R4, endowed with Euclidean metric or the pseudo-Euclidean metric of signature (2, 2), have integrable reductions under subgroups of their invariance group. The general method is reviewed and generalized to Yang-Mills fields with values in Lie superalgebras. An example of such reductions is presented.
Contractions in Deformed Lie-Poisson Structures
Authors: Lyakhovsky V. D. , Mirolyubov A. M.
Published: October 2003

The geometrical description of deformation quantization based on quantum duality principle makes it possible to introduce deformed Lie-Poisson structures — natural analogues of classical Lie bialgebras for the case when the initial object is a quantized group. Special types of contractions — the so called first order contractions — play the significant role in the explicit realization of deformed Lie-Poisson structures. Such contractions can be naturally applied to the Drinfeld double. In the case of (u(1) ⊕ sl(2))q we investigate explicitly the deformed structures induced by the first order contractions.
Integrability in Nonlinear Realization Scheme
Authors: Malik R. P.
Published: October 2003

In the framework of universal geometric approach of nonlinear realization method, some of the key features of the integrability properties of the Boussinesq equations, connected with the W3 algebra of Zamolodchikov, are discussed. The geometrical origins for these equations, its second Hamiltonian structure, Lax-pair formulation, zero-curvature representation, involving conserved quantities, etc., have also been concisely dealt with under the nonlinear realization scheme.
Park-Tarter Matrix for a Dyon-Dyon System
Authors: Mardoyan L. G. , Sissakian A. N. , Ter-Antonyan V. M.
Published: October 2003

The problem of separation of variables in a dyon-dyon system is discussed. A linear transformation is obtained between fundamental bases of this system. Comparison of the dyon-dyon system with a 4D isotropic oscillator is carried out.
Ordering Problems in Fermionic Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Martínez Y Romero Rodolfo P. , Del Sol Mesa Antonio
Published: October 2003

We discuss the existence of ambiguities, or anomalies of fermionic nature as we call them, in the quantization of relativistic systems with odd Grassmann degrees of freedom. We propose in this work a way of avoiding such ambiguities in the case of relativistic quantum mechanics, by including the odd degrees of freedom into a generalization of the momentum, in a similar manner to the minimal coupling. We illustrate our results with some examples, including the Dirac oscillator as a typical case of the problems we are dealing with.
Dynamic Form of Static Dispersion Relations and Projective Spaces
Authors: Meshcheryakov V. A.
Published: October 2003

The S-matrix in the static limit of a dispersion relation has a finite order N and is a matrix of meromorfic functions of energy ω in the plane with cuts (-∞, -1],[+1, = ∞). In the elastic case it reduces to N functions Si(ω) conncted by the crossing symmetry matrix A. The problem of analytical continuation of Si(ω) from the physical sheet to unphysical ones can be treated as a nonlinear system of difference equations. It is shown that a global analysis of this system can be carried out effectively in projective spaces PN and PN+1. The connection between spasec PN and PN+1 is discussed.
Singular Functions in Quantum Field Theory with De Sitter Momentum Space
Authors: Mir-Kasimov R. M.
Published: October 2003

The positive frequency part of commutation Pauli-Jordan function in the Quantum Field Theory with curved momentum space or Quantum configurational space is calculated in explicit form for scalar field. The expressions for other siigular functions are also written in terms of Legendre functions
Two Dimensional Cayley-Klein Algebras Generated by Expansions
Authors: Nieto L. M. , Negro J. , Santander M.
Published: October 2003

Expansion methods are applied in order to get extended two dimensional Cayley-Klein Lie algebras. The keystone of the construction will be the two dimensional extended Galilei algebra whose generators are used to define, by means of formal functions, generators closing any of the nine two-dimensional extended Cayley-Klein Lie algebras.
Generalized Algebraic Bargmann–Darboux Transformations
Authors: Suzko A. A.
Published: October 2003

Algebraic Bargmann and Darboux transformations for equations of a more general form than the Schrödinger ones with an additional functional dependence h(r) in the right-hand side of equations are constructed. The suggested generalized transformations turn into the Bargmann and Darboux transformations for both fixed and variable values of energy and an angular momentum.
Dynamical r-Matrices Associated to $\widetilde{sl(2)}$ and Separation of Variables
Authors: Tsiganov A. V.
Published: October 2003

Outer automorphism of infinite-dimensional representations of sl(2) algebra is considered. The similar constructions for the loop algebras and yangians are presented. The corresponding linear and quadratic R-brackets include the dynamical r-matrices.
Gauss Sums and Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Zhedanov A. S.
Published: October 2003

It is shown that q-Hermite polynomials for q a root of unity are orthogonal on finite numbers of points of the real axes. The (complex) weight function coincides with a special type of the Gauss sums in number theory. The same Gauss sum plays the role of the weight function for the Stiltjes–Wigert and Rogers–Szegö polynomials leading to the orthogonality on the regular N-gons.
Perturbation Theory for Quantum Mechanics in its Hessenberg-Matrix Representation
Authors: Znojil Miloslav
Published: October 2003

For years, the partial integrability in quantum mechanics [e.g., the exceptional terminating Lanczos solutions or the so called quasi-exactly solvable "next-to-elementary" systems] represented a challenge in perturbation theory. The main difficulty lied in an incompleteness of the available zero-order wavefunctions and in the related impossibility of an easy construction of the necessary zero-order propagators. We describe a solution of this problem, based on an unusual choice of model space. A few examples illustrate the underlying technicalities: Paying detailed attention to the Hessenberg-matrix Hamiltonians, our formalism compensates the incompleteness of integrability by a slightly less elementary (viz., non-diagonal but still triangular) matrix structure of its propagators.
Quasifree Electron Scattering in Atomic Collisions: The Ramsauer–Townsend Effect Revisited
Authors: Lucas M. W. , Jakubaßa-Amundsen D. H. , Kuzel M. , Groeneveld K. O.
Published: October 2003

The history of the Ramsauer–Townsend effect and its influence on electrons emitted during ion-atom collisions is reviewed. Experimental methods as well as theoretical approaches are presented. Particular emphasis is laid on similarities between the angular variation of the elastic electron scattering cross sections and that of the singly differential electron loss cross sections or, using inverse kinematics, that of the target ionization cross sections.
R Symmetry and the Topological Twist of N = 2 Effective Supergravities of Heterotic Strings
Authors: Billó Marco , Fré Pietro , D'auria Riccardo , Ferrara Sergio , Soriani Paolo , Proeyen Antoine Van
Published: October 2003

We discuss R symmetries in locally supersymmetric N = 2 gauge theories coupled to hypermultiplets which can be thought of as effective theories of heterotic superstring models. In this type of supergravities a suitable R symmetry exists and can be used to topologically twist the theory: the vector multiplet containing the dilaton–axion field has different R charge assignments with respect to the other vector multiplets. Correspondingly a system of coupled instanton equations emerges, mixing gravitational and Yang–Mills instantons with triholomorphic hyperinstantons and axion instantons. For the tree level classical special manifolds ST(n) = SU(1,1)/U(1) × SO(2,n)/[SO(2) × SO(n)], R symmetry with the specified properties is a continuous symmetry, but for the quantum-corrected manifolds [Formula: see text] a discrete R group of electric–magnetic duality rotations is sufficient and we argue that it exists.
Algebra of Nonlocal Charges in Supersymmetric Nonlinear Sigma Models
Authors: Saltini L. E. , Zadra A.
Published: October 2003

We propose a graphic method to derive the classical algebra (Dirac brackets) of nonlocal conserved charges in the two-dimensional supersymmetric nonlinear O(N) sigma model. As in the purely bosonic theory we find a cubic Yangian algebra. We also consider the extension of graphic methods to other integrable theories.
Multiscalar p-Brane Solitons
Authors: Lü H. , Pope C. N.
Published: October 2003

In a previous paper,10 supersymmetric p-brane solutions involving one dilatonic scalar field in maximal supergravity theories were classified. Although these solutions involve a number of participating field strengths, they are all equal and thus they carry equal electric or magnetic charges. In this paper, we generalize all these solutions to multiscalar solutions in which the charges become independent free parameters. The mass per unit p volume is equal to the sum of these Page charges. We find that for generic values of the Page charges, they preserve the same fraction of the supersymmetry as in their single scalar limits.
Equivalence of Faddeev–Jackiw and Dirac Approaches for Gauge Theories
Authors: García J. Antonio , Pons Josep M.
Published: October 2003

The equivalence between the Dirac method and Faddeev–Jackiw analysis for gauge theories is proven. In particular we trace out, in a stage-by-stage procedure, the standard classification of first and second class constraints of Dirac's method in the F–J approach. We also find that the Darboux transformation implied in the F–J reduction process can be viewed as a canonical transformation in Dirac approach. Unlike Dirac's method, the F–J analysis is a classical reduction procedure. The quantization can be achieved only in the framework of reduce and then quantize approach with all the known problems that this type of procedure presents. Finally we illustrate the equivalence by means of a particular example.
A Hidden Connection Between Lax Descriptions and Superextensions of KdV Hierarchy
Authors: Huang Wen-Jui
Published: October 2003

A previously unnoticed connection between the Lax descriptions and the superextensions of the KdV hierarchy is presented. It is shown that the two different Lax descriptions of the KdV hierarchy come out naturally from two different bi-Hamiltonian superextensions of the KdV hierarchy. Some implications of this observation are briefly mentioned.
Neutralinos and Higgs Bosons in the Next-To-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Authors: Franke F.
Published: October 2003

The purpose of this paper is to present a complete and consistent list of the Feynman rules for the vertices of neutralinos and Higgs bosons in the Next-To-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), which does not yet exist in the literature. The Feynman rules are derived from the full expression for the Lagrangian and the mass matrices of the neutralinos and Higgs bosons in the NMSSM. Some crucial differences between the vertex functions of the NMSSM and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) are discussed.
Pseudoclassical Description of Higher Spins in 2 + 1 Dimensions
Authors: Gitman D. M. , Tyutin I. V.
Published: October 2003

A pseudoclassical supersymmetric model to describe massive particles with higher spins (integer and half-integer) in 2 + 1 dimensions is proposed. The quantization of the model leads to the minimal (with only one polarization state) quantum theory. In particular, the Bargmann–Wigner type equations for higher spins arise in the course of canonical quantization. The cases of spin one-half and one are considered in detail. Here one gets Dirac particles and Chern–Simons particles respectively. A relation with the field theory is discussed. On the basis of the model proposed, and using dimensional reduction considerations, a model to describe Weyl particles with higher spins in 3 + 1 dimensions is constructed.
Unification Yang–Mills Groups and Representations with CP as a Gauge Symmetry
Authors: Zhang Huazhong
Published: October 2003

We investigate more generally the possible unification Yang–Mills groups G YM and representations with CP as a gauge symmetry. Besides the possible Yang–Mills groups E8, E7, SO (2n + 1), SO (4n), SP (2n), G2 or F4 (or a product of them) which only allow self-contragredient representations, we present other unification groups G YM and representations which may allow CP as a gauge symmetry. These include especially SU (N) containing Weyl fermions and their CP conjugates from low energy spectra in a basic irreducible representation (IR). Such an example is the 496-dimensional basic IR (on antisymmetric tensors of rank two) of SU (32) containing SO (32) as a subgroup in the adjoint IR, or SU (248) in a fundamental IR containing E8 as a subgroup in the adjoint IR. Our consideration also leads to the construction of a physical operator (CP) intrinsically as an inner automorphism of order higher than two for the unification group. We have also generalized the possible groups as unification G YM to include nonsemisimple Lie groups with CP arising as a gauge symmetry. In this case with U(1) ideals in the G YM , we found that the U Y(1) for weak hypercharge in the standard model or a U (1) gauge symmetry at low energies in general is traceless. Possible relevance to superstring theory is also briefly discussed. We expect that our results may open new alternatives for unified model building, especially with deeper or more generalized understanding of anomaly-free theories.
Edge States and Entanglement Entropy
Authors: Balachandran A. P. , Momen Arshad , Chandar L.
Published: October 2003

It is known that gauge fields defined on manifolds with spatial boundaries support states localized at the boundaries. In this paper, we demonstrate how coarse-graining over these states can lead to an entanglement entropy. In particular, we show that the entanglement entropy of the ground state for the quantum Hall effect on a disk exhibits an approximate "area" law.
The N- and 1-Time Classical Descriptions of N-Body Relativistic Kinematics and the Electromagnetic Interaction
Authors: Lusanna Luca
Published: October 2003

Given N relativistic scalar free particles described by N mass-shell first class constraints in their 8N-dimensional phase space, their N-time description is obtained by means of a series of canonical transformations to a quasi-Shanmugadhasan basis adapted to the constraints. Then the same system is reformulated on spacelike hypersurfaces: the restriction to the family of hyperplanes orthogonal to the total timelike momentum gives rise to a covariant intrinsic 1-time formulation called the "rest-frame instant form" of dynamics. The relation between the N- and 1-time descriptions, the mass spectrum of the system and the way to introduce mutual interactions among the particles are studied. Then the 1-time description of the isolated system of N charged scalar particles plus the electromagnetic field is obtained. The use of Grassmann variables to describe the charges together with the determination of the field and particle Dirac observables leads to a formulation without infinite self-energies and with mutual Coulomb interactions extracted from classical electromagnetic field theory. A comparison with the Feshbach–Villars Hamiltonian formulation of the Klein–Gordon equation is made. Finally a 1-time covariant formulation of relativistic statistical mechanics is found.
On the Existence of Nonrelativistic Bound States in Many-Body Systems of Baryons and Antibaryons
Authors: DAS B. K.
Published: October 2003

Following the trend of the possibilities of nonrelativistic bound states of the quasinuclear type in the systems of a baryon and an antibaryon, the present investigation studies over the same in many-body systems of baryons and antibaryons. The nonrelativistic quasinuclear features of the latter systems are observed to be discriminative to those of the former systems.
MINBU Distribution of Two-Dimensional Quantum Gravity: Simulation Result and Semiclassical Analysis
Authors: Ichinose S. , Tsuda N. , Yukawa T.
Published: October 2003

We analyze the MINBU distribution of two-dimensional quantum gravity. New data of R2-gravity by the Monte Carlo simulation and its theoretical analysis by the semiclassical approach are presented. In the distribution, the cross-over phenomenon takes place at some size of the baby universe where the randomness competes with the smoothing (or roughening) force of R2-term. The dependence on the central charge cm and on the R2-coupling are explained for R2-gravity, which includes the ordinary 2d quantum gravity. The R2-Liouville solution plays the central role in the semiclassical analysis. A total derivative term (surface term) and the infrared regularization play important roles. The surface topology is that of a sphere.
Motions of the String Solutions in the XXZ Spin Chain Under a Varying Twist
Authors: Fumita N. , Itoyama H. , Oota T.
Published: October 2003

We determine the motions of the roots of the Bethe ansatz equation for the ground state in the XXZ spin chain under a varying twist angle. This is done by analytic as well as numerical study in a finite size system. In the attractive critical regime 0 < Δ < 1, we reveal intriguing motions of strings due to the finite size corrections to the length of the strings: in the case of two-strings, the roots collide into the branch points perpendicularly to the imaginary axis, while in the case of three-strings, they fluctuate around the center of the string. These are successfully generalized to the case of n-string. These results are used to determine the final configuration of the momenta as well as that of the phase shift functions. We obtain these as well as the period and the Berry phase in the regime Δ ≤ -1 also, establishing the continuity of the previous results at -1 < Δ < 0 to this regime. We argue that the Berry phase can be used as a measure of the statistics of the quasiparticle (or the bound state) involved in the process.
High Energy Density Fluctuations in Terms of Factorial Moments and Associated Frequency Moments
Authors: Blažek Mikuláš
Published: October 2003

We propose to verify relations between quantities which characterize scaling properties of high energy density fluctuations in terms of factorial moments and newly introduced associated frequency moments. Typical examples are presented in frame of systematics developed in the present paper. It involves also several sorts of moments applied so far in the search for intermittency and multifractality. Our approach takes the advantage of relations in which a linear combination of associated frequency moments reduces statistical fluctuations to the same extent as it is done by corresponding factorial moments.
Two-Parameter Deformation of the Poincaré Algebra
Authors: Stern A. , Yakushin I.
Published: October 2003

We examine a two-parameter (ℏ,λ) deformation of the Poincaré algebra which is covariant under the action of SL q(2,C). When λ → 0 it yields the Poincaré algebra, while in the ℏ → 0 limit we recover the classical quadratic algebra discussed previously in Refs. 1 and 2. The analogues of the Pauli–Lubanski vector w and Casimirs p2 and w2 are found and a set of mutually commuting operators is constructed.
A String Derived SU(4) × SU(2)L × SU(2)R No-Scale SUGRA GUT with Direct Unification at the String Scale
Authors: Murayama Akihiro
Published: October 2003

We present a simple superstring-derived no-scale SUGRA GUT with the D-parity violated SU (4) × SU (2)L × SU (2)R as the gauge symmetry which breaks down to that of MSSM at an intermediate scale M int and further boils down to that of MSM at MS. The massless spectrum at the GUT scale MX consists of three generations of quarks and leptons, Higgs multiplets of [Formula: see text] and some gauge singlet fields (1,1,1)'s. The characteristic features of the model are as follows: (1) The only explicit SUSY breaking parameter is the super-soft (i.e. F-type) scalar mass m of one of [Formula: see text] multiplets, which is generated by the moduli-dominant SUSY breaking source. (2) Both the intermediate and electroweak symmetry breakings respectively at M int ≈ 1011-12 GeV and at  ≪ MS are radiatively realized through m for MS ≈ 6 TeV which means [Formula: see text] (effective string unification scale) ≈ 5 × 1017 GeV. (3) The right-handed neutrino with the Majorana mass ≈ M int appears naturally and gives a cosmologically interesting τ-neutrino mass of O(10 eV). (4) The model is quite economical in the sense that each and every member of the Higgs sector has its own function of breaking symmetry and we have no unwanted multiplet.
Riemannian Geometry on Quantum Spaces
Authors: Ho Pei-Ming
Published: October 2003

An algebraic formulation of Riemannian geometry on quantum spaces is presented, where Riemannian metric, distance, Laplacian, connection, and curvature have their counterparts. This description is also extended to complex manifolds. Examples include the quantum sphere, the complex quantum projective space and the two-sheeted space.
Multiparametric and Colored Extensions of the Quantum Group GLq(N) and the Yangian Algebra Y(glN) Through a Symmetry Transformation of the Yang–Baxter Equation
Authors: Basu-Mallick B. , Ramadevi P. , Jagannathan R.
Published: October 2003

Inspired by Reshetikhin's twisting procedure to obtain multiparametric extensions of a Hopf algebra, a general "symmetry transformation" of the "particle conserving" R-matrix is found such that the resulting multiparametric R-matrix, with a spectral parameter as well as a color parameter, is also a solution of the Yang–Baxter equation (YBE). The corresponding transformation of the quantum YBE reveals a new relation between the associated quantized algebra and its multiparametric deformation. As applications of this general relation to some particular cases, multiparametric and colored extensions of the quantum group GL q(N) and the Yangian algebra Y(glN) are investigated and their explicit realizations are also discussed. Possible interesting physical applications of such extended Yangian algebras are indicated.
Relativistic Self-Dual Chern-Simons Systems: A Perspective
Authors: Lee Kimyeong
Published: October 2003

The self-dual systems are constrained and so are simpler to understand. In recent years there have been several studies on the self-dual Chern-Simons systems. Here I present a brief survery of works done by my collaborators and myself. I also discuss several questions related to these self-dual models.
Unraveling Spontaneously Broken Abelian Chern-Simons Theories
Authors: de Wild Propitius Mark
Published: October 2003

In this talk I describe recent work (hep-th/9606029) in which I classified all conceivable 2+1 dimensional Chern-Simons (CS) theories with continuous compact abelian gauge group or finite gauge group. The CS theories with finite abelian gauge group that can be obtained from the spontaneous breakdown of a CS theory with gauge group the direct product of various compact U(1) gauge groups were also identified. Those that can not be reached in this was are actually the most interesting since they lead to nonabelian pheomena such as nonabelian braid statistics, Alice fluxes and Cheshire charges and quite generally lead to dualities with 2+1 dimensional theories with a nonabelian finite gauge group.
D = 3 Gauge Dynamics: Yang-Mills and Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons Theory
Authors: Cornwall John M.
Published: October 2003

We summarize recent progress in understanding non-perturbative effects of Yang-Mills (YM) and Yang-Mills Chern-Simons (YMCS) theories in three dimensions, based on a monopole-vortex vacuum condensate. In YM theory these include dynamical generation of a gluon mass, quantum vortex solitons, and and entropy-driven condensate of these solitons. This leads to confinement as well as CS fluctuations (related to B+L violation). These two phenomena are both described in terms of topological linkings of closed vortices with a Wilson loop (confinement) or with each other (CS fluctuations). In SU(N) YMCS theory with a level-k CS term, similar effects occur for k less than a critical value kc ≈ 2N, while for larger k there is a phase transition to a purely perturbative regime with no dynamical mass (just the perturbative CS mass), solitons, or condensate.
On Quantum Descriptions of (Non-)Abelian Anyons
Authors: Lee Choonkyu
Published: October 2003

We elaborate on both field-theoretic and quantum mechanical descriptions of (non-)Abelian anyons, emphasizing the role of contact interaction terms. Field theoretic contact terms, required for the sake of renormalizability in general, implement the self-adjoint extension of the quantum mechanical Hamiltonian.
Gravitational Dressing of Aharonov-Bohm Amplitudes
Authors: Amelino-Camelia Giovanni , Kogan Ian I. , Szabo Richard J.
Published: October 2003

We investigate Aharonov-Bohm scattering in a theory in which charged bosonic matter field are coupled to topologically massive electrodynamics and topologically massive gravity. We demonstrate that, at one-loop order, the transmuted spins in this theory are related to the ones of ordinary Chern-Simons gauge theory in the same way that the Knizhnik-Polyakov-Zamolodchikov formula relates the Liouville-dressed conformal weights of primary operators to the bare weights of primary operators to the bare weights in two-dimensional conformal field theories. We remark on the implications of this connection two-dimensional conformal field theories and three-dimensional gauge and gravity theories for a topological membrane reformulation of strings. We also discuss some features of the gravitational analog of the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
Gauss's Law, Gauge-Invariant States, and Spin & Statistics in Abelian Chern-Simons Theories
Authors: Haller Kurt , Lim-Lombridas Edwin
Published: October 2003

We discuss topologically massive QED — the Abelian gauge theory in which (2+1)-dimensional QED with a Chern-Simons term is minimally coupled to a spinor field. We quantize the theory in covariant gauges, and construct a class of unitary transformations that enable us to embed the theory in a Fock space of states that implement Gauss's law. We show that when electron (and positron) creation and annihilation operators represent gauge-invariant charged particles that are surrounded by the electric and magnetic fields required by Gauss's law, the unitarity of the theory is manifest, and charged particles interact with photons and with each other through nonlocal potentials. These potentials include a Hopf-like interaction, and a planar analog of the Coulomb interaction. The gauge-invariant charged particle excitations that implement Gauss's law obey the identical anticommutation rules as do the original gauge-dependent ones. Rotational phases, commonly identified as planar 'spin' are arbitrary, however.
1+1 Dimensional Yang-Mills Theories in Light-Cone Gauge
Authors: Bassetto A. , Nardelli G.
Published: October 2003

In 1+1 dimensions two different formulations exist of SU(N) Yang Mills theories in light-cone gauge; only one of them gives results which comply with the ones obtained in Feynman gauge. Moreover the theory, when considered 1+(D-1) dimensions, looks discontinuous in the limit D = 2. All those features are proven in Wilson loop calculations as well as in the study of the [Formula: see text] bound state integral equation in the large N limit.
W1+∞ Field Theories for the Edge Extensions in the Quantum Hall Effect
Authors: Cappelli Andrea , Trugenberger Carlo A. , Zemba Guillermo R.
Published: October 2003

We briefly review these low-energy effective theories for the quantum Hall effect, with emphasis and language familiar to field theorists. Two models have been proposed for describing the most stable Hall plateaus (the Jain series): the multi-component Abelian theories and the minimal W1+∞ models. They both lead to a-priori classifications of quantum Hall universality classes. Some experiments already confirmed the basic predictions common to both effective theories, while other experiments will soon pin down their detailed properties and differences. Based on the study of partition functions, we show that the Abelian theories are rational conformal field theories while the minimal W1+∞ models are not.
Spectral Flow, Magnus Force and Mutual Friction Via the Geometric Optics Limit of Andreev Reflection
Authors: Stone Michael
Published: October 2003

The notion of spectral flow has given new insight into the motion of vortices in superfluids and superconductors. For a BCS superconductor the spectrum of low energy vortex core states is largely determined by the geometric optics limit of Andreev reflection. We use this to follow the evolution of the states when a stationary vortex is immersed in a transport supercurrent. If the core spectrum were continuous, spectral flow would convert the momentum flowing into the core via the Magnus effect into unbound quasi-particles — thus allowing the vortex to remain stationary without a pinning potential or other sink for the inflowing momentum. The discrete nature of the states, however, leads to Bloch oscillation which thwart the spectral flow. The momentum can escape only via relaxation processes. Taking these into account permits a physically transparent derivation of the mutual friction coefficients.
Soliton Quantization and the Dyon Decay
Authors: Lee Bum-Hoon
Published: October 2003

We sketch the method of describing the decay of the dyon. The perturbation of fields around the classical dyon configuration which corresponds to the true stationary point configuration for the rotating state of the monopole in the internal charge space can describe the decay of the unstable dyons emitting light charged particles. We show this through the explicit simple and interesting model that allows BPS dyons and light charged scalar particles.
Dynamical Generation of Solitons in a 1 + 1 Dimensional Chiral Field Theory: Non-Perturbative Dirac Operator Resolvent Analysis
Authors: Feinberg Joshua , Zee A.
Published: October 2003

We analyze the 1 + 1 dimensional Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model non-perturbatively. We study non-trivial saddle points of the effective action in which the composite fields [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] form static space dependent configurations. These configurations may be viewed as one dimensional chiral bags that trap the original fermions ("quarks") into stable extended entities ("hadrons"). We provide explicit expressions for the profiles of some of these objects and calculate their masses. Our analysis of these saddle points, and in particular, the proof that the σ(x), π(x) condensations must give rise to a reflectionless Dirac operator, appear to us simpler and more direct than the calculations previously done by Shei, using the inverse scattering method following Dashen, Hasslacher, and Neveu.
An All-Orders Derivative Expansion
Authors: Dunne Gerald
Published: October 2003

We evaluate the exact QED2+1 effective action for fermions in the presence of a family of static but spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field profiles. This exact result yields an all-orders derivative expansion of the effective action, and indicates that the derivative expansion is an asymptotic, rather than a convergent, expansion.
Effective Actions in QED in 1+1, 2+1 and 3+1 Dimensions
Authors: Fry M. P.
Published: October 2003

Bounds on the one-loop effective action in quantum electrodynamics in 1+1, 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions are reviewed. These results are extended to include the exact strong field behavior of the effective action in four-dimensional QED for finite-flux, unidirectional, static magnetic fields that do not change sign.
Gauge Invariance and Mass Gap in (2+1)-Dimensional Yang–Mills Theory
Authors: Karabali Dimitra , Nair V. P.
Published: October 2003

In terms of a gauge-invariant matrix parametrization of the fields, we give an analysis of how the mass gap could arise in non-Abelian gauge theories in two spatial dimensions.
Galilean Supersymmetry in 2+1 Dimensions
Authors: Bergman Oren
Published: October 2003

We review work done in collaboration with C. B. Thorn1 on Super-Galilei invariant field theory and its application to the reformulation of superstring theory in terms of constituent superstring-bits.
Zero Temperature Phase Transitions in Gauge Theories
Authors: Wijewardhana L. C. R.
Published: October 2003

Quantum field theories can exist in different phases depending on the number of massless fermion flavors they have. The vacuum structure of such a theory can be changed by varying the flavor number across a critical value. In this lecture we discuss such structure changing phase transitions in three and four dimensional gauge field theories.