bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A yeast-expressed RBD-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with 3M-052-alum adjuvant promotes protective efficacy in non-human primates
Authors: Pino Maria , Abid Talha , Pereira Ribeiro Susan , Edara Venkata Viswanadh , Floyd Katharine , Smith Justin C. , Latif Muhammad Bilal , Pacheco-Sanchez Gabriela , Dutta Debashis , Wang Shelly , Gumber Sanjeev , Kirejczyk Shannon , Cohen Joyce , Stammen Rachelle L. , Jean Sherrie M. , Wood Jennifer S. , Connor-Stroud Fawn , Pollet Jeroen , Chen Wen-Hsiang , Wei Junfei , Zhan Bin , Lee Jungsoon , Liu Zhuyun , Strych Ulrich , Shenvi Neeta , Easley Kirk , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Pollara Justin , Mielke Dieter , Gao Hongmei , Eisel Nathan , LeBranche Celia C. , Shen Xiaoying , Ferrari Guido , Tomaras Georgia D. , Montefiori David C. , Sekaly Rafick P. , Vanderford Thomas H. , Tomai Mark A. , Fox Christopher B. , Suthar Mehul S. , Kozlowski Pamela A. , Hotez Peter J. , Paiardini Mirko , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Kasturi Sudhir Pai
Published: July 2021

An adjuvanted monomeric RBD immunogen induces immunogenicity and protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques.
Draft Genome Sequence of Novel Filterable
Rhodospirillales
Bacterium Strain TMPK1, Isolated from Soil
Authors: Nakai Ryosuke , Kusada Hiroyuki , Sassa Fumihiro , Morigasaki Susumu , Hayashi Hisayoshi , Takaya Naoki , Tamaki Hideyuki
Published: July 2021

We report the draft genome sequence of a novel
Rhodospirillales
bacterium strain, TMPK1, isolated from a micropore-filtered soil suspension. This strain has a genome of 4,249,070 bp, comprising 4,151 protein-coding sequences. The genome sequence data further suggest that strain TMPK1 is an alphaproteobacterium capable of carotenoid production.
Draft Genome Sequencing of Stenotrophomonas indicatrix BOVIS40 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia JVB5, Two Strains with Identifiable Genes Involved in Plant Growth Promotion
Authors: Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Adeleke Bartholomew Saanu , Ayangbenro Ayansina Segun
Published: July 2021

Here, plant growth-promoting
Stenotrophomonas
strains isolated from the sunflower root endosphere were studied, yielding molecular insights. Bacterial DNA was sequenced on Illumina’s NextSeq platform. The gene prediction reveals diverse functional genes involved in plant growth promotion from each bacterial genome. The exploration of bacterial resources as bioinoculants is promising for agricultural biotechnology.
Draft Genome Sequences of Seven Cronobacter sakazakii Strains Carrying the
mcr
9.1 Gene Isolated in Chile
Authors: Parra-Flores Julio , Holý Ondrej , Riffo Francisca , Lepuschitz Sarah , Ruppitsch Werner , Forsythe Stephen
Published: July 2021

Cronobacter sakazakii
is a pathogen that causes severe diseases such as meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants under 12 months, associated with the consumption of contaminated rehydrated powdered infant formula (PIF). We present seven
C. sakazakii
genome sequences isolated from PIF and dairy products in Chile in 2017.
Paediatric headbox as aerosol and droplet barrier
Authors: Sahih Monica , Schultz André , Wilson Andrew , Alakeson Renuka , Taylor Ellen , Mullins Benjamin , Martin Andrew C
Published: July 2021

Background

High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is frequently used in hospitals, producing droplets and aerosols that could transmit SARS-CoV-2.

Aim

To determine if a headbox could reduce droplet and aerosol transmission from patients requiring HFNO.

Methods

The size and dispersion of propylene glycol (model for patient-derived infectious particles) was measured using a spectrometer and an infant mannequin receiving 10–50 L/min of HFNO using (1) no headbox, (2) open headbox, (3) headbox-blanket or (4) headbox with a high-efficiency particulate (HEP) filter covering the neck opening.

Results

All headbox set-ups reduced the dispersal of droplets and aerosols compared with no headbox. The headbox-blanket system increased aerosol dispersal compared with the open headbox. The fraction of aerosols retained in the headbox for HFNO of 10 and 50 L/min was, respectively, as follows: (1) open headbox: 82.4% and 42.2%; (2) headbox-blanket: 56.8% and 39.5%; (3) headbox-HEP filter: 99.9% and 99.9%.

Conclusion

A HEP-filter modified headbox may serve as an effective droplet and aerosol barrier adjunct for the protection of staff caring for children receiving HFNO.
Supernumerary extensor pollicis longus tendon masking an extensor pollicis longus rupture following non-surgical treatment of a distal radius fracture
Authors: Wiekrykas Bradley D , Solarz Mark K , Abdelfattah Hesham M , Thoder Joseph J
Published: July 2021

Extensor pollicis longus tendon pathology is a recognised complication following non-surgical treatment of non-displaced distal radius fractures. Tendon entrapment typically presents with pain, but preservation of thumb retropulsion during complete rupture results in loss of active thumb retropulsion and tenodesis effect. We present the case of a 52-year-old woman who developed extensor pollicis longus tendon entrapment with full active thumb extension following a non-displaced distal radius fracture. During her elective third dorsal compartment release, the extensor pollicis longus tendon was found to be completely ruptured and a rare supernumerary extensor pollicis longus tendon was found emerging from the fourth dorsal compartment. Gentle traction of this tendon resulted in thumb interphalangeal joint extension and simultaneous index finger metacarpophalangeal joint extension. An extensor indicis proprius to extensor pollicis longus tendon transfer was performed. At her final 6-month follow-up, she had painless full active thumb motion comparable to her contralateral side.
Effect of valproic acid on functional bleb morphology in a rabbit model of minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Yap Zhu Li , Seet Li-Fong , Chu Stephanie WL , Toh Li Zhen , Ibrahim Farah Ilyana , Wong Tina T
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To determine the effect of valproic acid (VPA) on bleb morphology and scar characteristics in a rabbit model of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).

Methods

Nine New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to MIGS with intraoperative implantation of the PreserFlo MicroShunt. Rabbits were then administered with subconjunctival injections of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (n=4) or with VPA (n=5). Bleb morphology was examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy. Postoperative day 28 tissues were examined by immunohistochemical evaluation and label-free multiphoton microscopy to visualise the collagen matrix, by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling assay and immunofluorescent labelling for Ki67 expression to detect apoptosis and cell growth, and by real-time quantitative PCR to measureCol1a1,Fn, andSmad6transcript expression.

Results

VPA-treated blebs were detectable on day 28, while the PBS-treated blebs were not detectable by day 14. VPA-treated blebs were diffuse, extended posteriorly with near normal conjunctival vascularity and featured a combination of reticular/blurred stromal pattern with evidence of relatively large stromal cysts. Instead of the deposition of thick, disorganised collagen fibres characteristic of the PBS bleb, the VPA bleb contained conspicuously thinner collagen fibres which were associated with similarly thinner fibronectin fibres. In corroboration,Col1a1andFnmRNA expression was reduced in the VPA blebs, while increasedSmad6expression implicated the disruption of the transforming growth factor beta pathway. Apoptosis and cell growth profiles appeared similar with both treatments.

Conclusions

The results support the application of VPA to enhance bleb morphology associated with good bleb function in MIGS with no apparent cytotoxicity.
Association of ultra-processed food intake with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: prospective cohort study
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Wong Emily C L , Dehghan Mahshid , Mente Andrew , Rangarajan Sumathy , Lanas Fernando , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Rohatgi Priyanka , Lakshmi P V M , Varma Ravi Prasad , Orlandini Andres , Avezum Alvaro , Wielgosz Andreas , Poirier Paul , Almadi Majid A , Altuntas Yuksel , Ng Kien Keat , Chifamba Jephat , Yeates Karen , Puoane Thandi , Khatib Rasha , Yusuf Rita , Boström Kristina Bengtsson , Zatonska Katarzyna , Iqbal Romaina , Weida Liu , Yibing Zhu , Sidong Li , Dans Antonio , Yusufali Afzalhussein , Mohammadifard Noushin , Marshall John K , Moayyedi Paul , Reinisch Walter , Yusuf Salim
Published: July 2021

Objective

To evaluate the relation between intake of ultra-processed food and risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

21 low, middle, and high income countries across seven geographical regions (Europe and North America, South America, Africa, Middle East, south Asia, South East Asia, and China).

Participants

116 087 adults aged 35-70 years with at least one cycle of follow-up and complete baseline food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data (country specific validated FFQs were used to document baseline dietary intake). Participants were followed prospectively at least every three years.

Main outcome measures

The main outcome was development of IBD, including Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Associations between ultra-processed food intake and risk of IBD were assessed using Cox proportional hazard multivariable models. Results are presented as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Participants were enrolled in the study between 2003 and 2016. During the median follow-up of 9.7 years (interquartile range 8.9-11.2 years), 467 participants developed incident IBD (90 with Crohn’s disease and 377 with ulcerative colitis). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, higher intake of ultra-processed food was associated with a higher risk of incident IBD (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 2.72 for ≥5 servings/day and 1.67, 1.18 to 2.37 for 1-4 servings/day compared with <1 serving/day, P=0.006 for trend). Different subgroups of ultra-processed food, including soft drinks, refined sweetened foods, salty snacks, and processed meat, each were associated with higher hazard ratios for IBD. Results were consistent for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis with low heterogeneity. Intakes of white meat, red meat, dairy, starch, and fruit, vegetables, and legumes were not associated with incident IBD.

Conclusions

Higher intake of ultra-processed food was positively associated with risk of IBD. Further studies are needed to identify the contributory factors within ultra-processed foods.

Study registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03225586
.
Research capacity of global health institutions in China: a gap analysis focusing on their collaboration with other low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Kwete Xiaoxiao , Tang Kun , Cheng Feng , Chen Yingyao , Hao Yuan-Tao , Mao Zongfu , Ren Ran , Wang Yunping , Wang Youfa , Wu Chenkai , Xu Dong (Roman) , Zhao Ying , Zhou Xiao-Nong , Liu Yuning , Yin Ruoyu , Liang Xiaohui , Hao Chun , Guan Yayi , Huang Yangmu , Ng Man Tat Alexander , Liu Peilong , Berhane Yemane , Fawzi Wafaie , Zheng Zhijie
Published: July 2021

Introduction

This paper presented qualitative and quantitative data collected on the research capacity of global health institutions in China and aimed to provide a landscaping review of the development of global health as a new discipline in the largest emerging economy of the world.

Methods

Mixed methods were used and they included a bibliometric analysis, a standardised survey and indepth interviews with top officials of 11 selected global health research and educational institutions in mainland China.

Results

The bibliometric analysis revealed that each institution had its own focus areas, some with a balanced focus among chronic illness, infectious disease and health systems, while others only focused on one of these areas. Interviews of key staff from each institution showed common themes: recognition that the current research capacity in global health is relatively weak, optimism towards the future, as well as an emphasis on mutual beneficial networking with other countries. Specific obstacles raised and the solutions applied by each institution were listed and discussed.

Conclusion

Global health institutions in China are going through a transition from learning and following established protocols to taking a more leading role in setting up China’s own footprint in this area. Gaps still remain, both in comparison with international institutions, as well as between the leading Chinese institutions and those that have just started. More investment needs to be made, from both public and private domains, to improve the overall capacity as well as the mutual learning and communication within the academic community in China.
Development of a core competency framework for clinical informatics
Authors: Davies Alan , Mueller Julia , Hassey Alan , Moulton Georgina
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Until this point there was no national core competency framework for clinical informatics in the UK. We report on the final two iterations of work carried out in the formation of a national core competency framework. This follows an initial systematic literature review of existing skills and competencies and a job listing analysis.

Methods

An iterative approach was applied to framework development. Using a mixed-methods design we carried out semi-structured interviews with participants involved in informatics (n=15). The framework was updated based on the interview findings and was subsequently distributed as part of a bespoke online digital survey for wider participation (n=87). The final version of the framework is based on the findings of the survey.

Results

Over 102 people reviewed the framework as part of the interview or survey process. This led to a final core competency framework containing 6 primary domains with 36 subdomains containing 111 individual competencies.

Conclusions

An iterative mixed-methods approach for competency development involving the target community was appropriate for development of the competency framework. There is some contention around the depth of technical competencies required. Care is also needed to avoid professional burnout, as clinicians and healthcare practitioners already have clinical competencies to maintain. Therefore, how the framework is applied in practice and how practitioners meet the competencies requires careful consideration.
Effectiveness of the ABCDEF bundle on delirium, functional outcomes and quality of life in intensive care patients: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial with embedded process evaluation
Authors: Sosnowski Kellie , Mitchell Marion , Cooke Marie , White Hayden , Morrison Lynette , Lin Frances
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Hospital mortality for critically ill patients has decreased significantly throughout the developed world over the past two decades, attributable to improvements in the quality of intensive care, advances in critical care medicine and technologies that provide long-term multiorgan support. However, the long-term outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors is emerging as a real issue. Cognitive and physical impairments suffered by ICU survivors are common including profound weakness, pain and delirium which are inextricably linked. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Assess, prevent and manage pain; Both spontaneous awakening and spontaneous breathing trials; Choice of sedation and analgesia; Delirium: assess, prevent and manage; Early mobility and exercise; Family engagement and empowerment (ABCDEF) bundle in reducing ICU-related short-term and long-term consequences of critical illness through a randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods and analysis

The study will be a single-centre, prospective RCT. A total of 150 participants will be recruited and randomised to either receive the ABCDEF bundle protocol or non-protocolised standard care for the duration of the participant’s admission in the ICU. The primary outcome is delirium status measured using the Confusion Assessment Measure for ICU (CAM-ICU). Secondary outcomes include physical function measured by the Functional Independence Measure and quality of life measured by the European Quality of Life five dimensions, five-level questionnaire. A mixed-method process evaluation will contribute to understanding the experience of health teams who implement the ABCDEF bundle into practice.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was provided by the Metro South Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (EC00167) and the Griffith University’s HREC prior to study commencement.

Study results will be disseminated by presentations at conferences and via publications to peer-review journals.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620000736943; Pre-results.
Association between risk of type 2 diabetes and changes in energy intake at breakfast and dinner over 14 years: a latent class trajectory analysis from the China health and nutrition Survey, 1997–2011
Authors: Ren Xiyun , Gao Jian , Han Tianshu , Sun Changhao
Published: July 2021

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between the trajectories of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

The study was conducted in China.

Participants

A total of 10 727 adults, including 5239 men and 5488 women, with a mean age of 42.7±11.2 years and a mean follow-up time of 9.1 years, met the study criteria and completed a questionnaire about energy intake and diabetes status from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997–2011.

Primary outcome measures

Participants were divided into subgroups based on the trajectories of the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast. Cox multivariate regression models were used to explore the associations between different trajectories and the risk of T2D after adjustment for confounders and their risk factors. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the intermediary effect of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between the trajectories and the risk of T2D.

Results

For energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast, compared with a low-stable trajectory, the adjusted HR of T2D in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory was 1.29 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.60). TG, TC, UA and ApoB were significantly higher in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory than other trajectories and play partial regulation roles between trajectories and T2D.

Conclusions

This study emphasised the harmful effect of a gradual increase in the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast from early stage on the development of T2D and partially mediated by TG, TC, UA and ApoB, highlighting that it is necessary to intake more energy at breakfast compared with dinner to prevent T2D in adults.
Cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors, and a cost-effectiveness evaluation of screening and preventive treatment strategies for latent tuberculosis among migrants in Singapore
Authors: Lim Vanessa W , Wee Hwee Lin , Lee Phoebe , Lin Yijun , Tan Yi Roe , Tan Mei Xuan , Lin Lydia Wenxin , Yap Peiling , Chee Cynthia BE , Barkham Timothy , Lee Vernon , Chen Mark , Ong Rick Twee-Hee
Published: July 2021

Objectives

WHO recommends that low burden countries consider systematic screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in migrants from high incidence countries. We aimed to determine LTBI prevalence and risk factors and evaluate cost-effectiveness of screening and treating LTBI in migrants to Singapore from a government payer perspective.

Design

Cross-sectional study and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Setting

Migrants in Singapore.

Participants

3618 migrants who were between 20 and 50 years old, have not worked in Singapore previously and stayed in Singapore for less than a year were recruited.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), threshold length of stay, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), cost per active TB case averted.

Results

Of 3584 migrants surveyed, 20.4% had positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results, with the highest positivity in Filipinos (33.2%). Higher LTBI prevalence was significantly associated with age, marital status and past TB exposure. The cost-effectiveness model projected an ICER of S$57 116 per QALY and S$12 422 per active TB case averted for screening and treating LTBI with 3 months once weekly isoniazid and rifapentine combination regimen treatment compared with no screening over a 50-year time horizon. ICER was most sensitive to the cohort’s length of stay in Singapore, yearly disease progression rates from LTBI to active TB, followed by the cost of IGRA testing.

Conclusions

For LTBI screening and treatment of migrants to be cost-effective, migrants from high burden countries would have to stay in Singapore for ~50 years. Risk-stratified approaches based on projected length of stay and country of origin and/or age group can be considered.
Impact on quality of life from multimodality treatment for lung cancer: a randomised controlled feasibility trial of surgery versus no surgery as part of multimodality treatment in potentially resectable stage III-N2 NSCLC (the PIONEER trial)
Authors: Taylor Sally , Yorke Janelle , Tsim Selina , Navani Neal , Baldwin David , Woolhouse Ian , Edwards John , Grundy Seamus , Robson Jonathan , Rhodes Sarah , Gomes Fabio , Blackhall Fiona , Faivre-Finn Corinne , Evison Matthew
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Optimal treatment for ‘potentially resectable’ stage III-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires multimodality treatment: local treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) and systemic anticancer therapy. There is no clear evidence of superiority for survival between the two approaches and little research has explored quality of life (QOL). This study will inform the design of a phase III randomised trial of surgery versus no surgery as part of multimodality treatment for stage III-N2 NSCLC with QOL as a primary outcome.

Methods and analysis

Patient participants will be randomised to receive multimodality treatment (1) with surgery OR (2) without surgery. The Quintet Recruitment Intervention will be used to maximise recruitment. Eligible patients will have ‘potentially resectable’ N2 NSCLC and have received a multidisciplinary team recommendation for multimodality treatment. Sixty-six patients and their carers will be recruited from 8 UK centres. Patient/carer QOL questionnaires will be administered at baseline, weeks 6, 9, 12 and month 6. Semistructured interviews will be conducted. Quantitative data will be analysed descriptively and qualitative data will be analysed using framework analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained. Results will be disseminated via publications, national bodies and networks, and patient and public involvement groups.

Trial registration

NCT04540757
Influence of DM-sensitivity on immunogenicity of MHC class II restricted antigens
Authors: Bernhardt Anna Luise , Zeun Julia , Marecek Miriam , Reimann Hannah , Kretschmann Sascha , Bausenwein Judith , van der Meijden Edith D , Karg Margarete M , Haug Tabea , Meintker Lisa , Lutzny-Geier Gloria , Mackensen Andreas , Kremer Anita N
Published: July 2021

Background

Graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) is a major problem in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We previously described two types of endogenous human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II restricted antigens depending on their behavior towards HLA-DM. While DM-resistant antigens are presented in the presence of HLA-DM, DM-sensitive antigens rely on the expression of HLA-DO-the natural inhibitor of HLA-DM. Since expression of HLA-DO is not upregulated by inflammatory cytokines, DM-sensitive antigens cannot be presented on non-hematopoietic tissues even under inflammatory conditions. Therefore, usage of CD4+ T cells directed against DM-sensitive antigens might allow induction of graft-versus-leukemia effect without GvHD. As DM-sensitivity is likely linked to low affinity peptides, it remains elusive whether DM-sensitive antigens are inferior in their immunogenicity.

Methods

We created an in vivo system using a DM-sensitive and a DM-resistant variant of the same antigen. First, we generated murine cell lines overexpressing either H2-M or H2-O (murine HLA-DM and HLA-DO) to assign the two model antigens ovalbumin (OVA) and DBY to their category. Further, we introduced mutations within the two T-cell epitopes and tested the effect on DM-sensitivity or DM-resistance. Furthermore, we vaccinated C57BL/6 mice with either variant of the epitope and measured expansion and reactivity of OVA-specific and DBY-specific CD4+ T cells.

Results

By testing T-cell recognition of OVA and DBY on a murine B-cell line overexpressing H2-M and H2-O, respectively, we showed that OVA leads to a stronger T-cell activation in the presence of H2-O demonstrating its DM-sensitivity. In contrast, the DBY epitope does not rely on H2-O for T-cell activation indicating DM-resistance. By introducing mutations within the T-cell epitopes we could generate one further DM-sensitive variant of OVA and two DM-resistant counterparts. Likewise, we designed DM-resistant and DM-sensitive variants of DBY. On vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with either epitope variant we measured comparable expansion and reactivity of OVA-specific and DBY-specific T-cells both in vivo and ex vivo. By generating T-cell lines and clones of healthy human donors we showed that DM-sensitive antigens are targeted by the natural T-cell repertoire.

Conclusion

We successfully generated DM-sensitive and DM-resistant variants for two model antigens. Thereby, we demonstrated that DM-sensitive antigens are not inferior to their DM-resistant counterpart and are therefore interesting tools for immunotherapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Challenges and next steps in the advancement of immunotherapy: summary of the 2018 and 2020 National Cancer Institute workshops on cell-based immunotherapy for solid tumors
Authors: Fogli Laura K , Aurigemma Rosemarie , Sommers Connie L , Singh Anju , Bourcier Kasia , Ernstoff Marc S
Published: July 2021

Cell-based immunotherapies have had remarkable success in the clinic, specifically in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, these strategies have had limited efficacy in patients with solid tumors. To better understand the challenges involved, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened an initial workshop with immuno-oncology thought leaders in December 2018 and a follow-up workshop in December 2020. The goals of the NCI workshops on cell-based immunotherapy for solid tumors were to discuss the current state of the field of cell-based immunotherapy, obtain insights into critical knowledge gaps, and identify ways in which NCI could facilitate progress. At both meetings, subjects emphasized four main types of challenges in further developing cell-based immunotherapy for patients with solid tumors: scientific, technical, clinical, and regulatory. The scientific barriers include selecting appropriate targets, ensuring adequate trafficking of cell therapy products to tumor sites, overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and identifying appropriate models for these investigations. While mouse models may provide some useful data, the majority of those that are commonly used are immunodeficient and unable to fully recapitulate the immune response in patients. There is therefore a need for enhanced support of small early-phase human clinical studies, preferably with adaptive trial designs, to provide proof of concept for novel cell therapy approaches. Furthermore, the requirements for manufacturing, shipping, and distributing cell-based therapies present technical challenges and regulatory questions, which many research institutions are not equipped to address. Overall, workshop subjects identified key areas where NCI support might help the research community in driving forward innovation and clinical utility: 1) provide focused research support on topics such as tumor target selection, immune cell fitness and persistence, cell trafficking, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment; 2) support the rapid translation of preclinical findings into proof of concept clinical testing, harmonize clinical trial regimens, and facilitate early trial data sharing (including negative results); 3) expand manufacturing support for cell therapies, including vectors and reagents, and provide training programs for technical staff; and 4) develop and share standard operating procedures for cell handling and analytical assays, and work with the Food and Drug Administration to harmonize product characterization specifications.
Predictors of poor outcome despite successful endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke: results from the MR CLEAN Registry
Authors: van de Graaf Rob A , Samuels Noor , Chalos Vicky , Lycklama a Nijeholt Geert J , van Beusekom Heleen , Yoo Albert J , van Zwam Wim H , Majoie Charles B L M , Roos Yvo B W E M , van Doormaal Pieter Jan , Ben Hassen Wagih , van der Lugt Aad , Dippel Diederik W J , Lingsma Hester F , van Es Adriaan C G M , Roozenbeek Bob
Published: July 2021

Background

Approximately one-third of patients with ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment do not recover to functional independence despite rapid and successful recanalization. We aimed to quantify the importance of predictors of poor functional outcome despite successful reperfusion.

Methods

We analyzed patients from the MR CLEAN Registry between March 2014 and November 2017 with successful reperfusion (extended Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction ≥2B). First, predictors were selected based on expert opinion and were clustered according to acquisition over time (ie, baseline patient factors, imaging factors, treatment factors, and postprocedural factors). Second, several models were constructed to predict 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS)). The relative importance of individual predictors in the most extensive model was expressed by the proportion of unique added χ2to the model of that individual predictor.

Results

Of 3180 patients, 1913 (60%) had successful reperfusion. Of these 1913 patients, 1046 (55%) were functionally dependent at 90 days (mRS >2). The most important predictors for mRS were baseline patient factors (ie, pre-stroke mRS, added χ20.16; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at baseline, added χ20.12; age, added χ20.10), and postprocedural factors (ie, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), added χ20.12; pneumonia, added χ20.09). The probability of functional independence for a typical stroke patient with sICH was 54% (95% CI 36% to 72%) lower compared with no sICH, and 21% (95% CI 4% to 38%) for pneumonia compared with no pneumonia.

Conclusion

Baseline patient factors and postprocedural adverse events are important predictors of poor functional outcome in successfully reperfused patients with ischemic stroke. This implies that prevention of postprocedural adverse events has the greatest potential to further improve outcomes in these patients.
Dural puncture during lumbar epidural access in the setting of degenerative spondylolisthesis: case series and risk mitigation strategies
Authors: Sindhi Vivek , Lim Christine G , Khan Anver , Pino Carlos , Cohen Steven P
Published: July 2021

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is a common back pathology in the general adult population. Patients with this condition may present for epidural steroid injection, epidural blood patch, or epidural analgesia. We report five patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis who experienced inadvertent dural puncture during interlaminar epidural steroid injection attempts: four with intrathecal contrast spread or cerebrospinal backflow into the epidural needle and one with subdural contrast spread. Patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis may be at higher risk for dural puncture due to stretching of the dura and contraction of the epidural space at the translated spinal level. In the following report, we summarize the cases and suggest risk mitigation strategies for both chronic and acute pain physicians.
Meeting Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations and risk of all-cause mortality
Authors: Clarke Anna E. , Carson Valerie , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Colley Rachel C. , Roberts Karen C. , Rollo Scott , Tremblay Mark S. , Janssen Ian
Published: July 2021

This study determined if meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines recommendations are associated with all-cause mortality. Participants were 3471 adults from the 2005–2006 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey followed for mortality over 11 years. They were classified as meeting or not meeting recommendations for sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A total of 63.8%, 35.3%, and 41.5% of participants met recommendations for sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity while 12.3% met all 3 recommendations. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality in participants meeting the recommendations relative to those not meeting the recommendations were 0.91 (0.72, 1.16) for sleep, 0.92 (0.61, 1.40) for sedentary behaviour, and 0.42 (0.24, 0.74) for MVPA. The HR for meeting none, any 1, any 2, and all 3 recommendations were 1.00, 0.86 (0.65, 1.14), 0.49 (0.28, 0.86), and 0.72 (0.34, 1.50). When the cut-point used to denote acceptable sedentary time was changed from ≤8 to ≤10 hours/day, the HR for meeting none, any 1, any 2, and all 3 recommendations were 1.00, 0.83 (0.59, 1.15), 0.57 (0.34, 0.96), and 0.43 (0.20, 0.93). These findings provide some support of the ability of the 24-hour Movement Guidelines to predict mortality risk.

Novelty: The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines provide recommendations for sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity. The findings of this study provide some support of the ability of these new guidelines to predict mortality risk.
Vapour phase hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde using cobalt supported inside and outside hollow carbon spheres
Authors: Mente Pumza , Mashindi Victor , Magubane Alice , Phaahlamohlaka Tumelo N. , Gangatharan Prakash M. , Forbes Roy P. , Coville Neil J.
Published: July 2021

The hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde is usually performed in the liquid phase in batch mode. In this study, a vapour phase flow system has been used to evaluate the use of cobalt catalysts supported inside and outside hollow carbon spheres (HCSs). The influence of temperature, hydrogen flow rate, and catalyst mass on the hydrogenation reaction was investigated. The catalysts generally showed modest conversion to the required products, hydrocinnamaldehyde, 3-phenyl propanol, cinnamyl alcohol, together with formation of various decomposition products. The data revealed that the Co@HCS showed better conversion and product selectivity compared with the Co/HCS. The catalysts with smaller particle sizes (ca. 6 nm) were more efficient than those with larger particles (30–40 nm). An increase in reaction temperature (200–300 °C) resulted in a lower cinnamaldehyde conversion and a poor product selectivity. TPR studies revealed that the Co@HCSs had a stronger metal-support interaction than the Co/HCSs catalysts. Catalyst recycling studies revealed that only the Co/HCSs could be regenerated (four cycles) and post reaction analysis of the catalysts revealed that this was due to HCS pore blockage and not Co sintering.
Models to predict whole-disk specific gravity and moisture content in planted longleaf pine from cutover and old field sites
Authors: Raut Sameen , Dahlen Joseph , Bullock Bronson , Montes Cristian , Dickens David
Published: July 2021

Efforts to restore longleaf pine across the southeast United States have occurred on two distinct site types: cutover forests and old agricultural fields. We measured wood and bark physical properties of unthinned planted longleaf pine from 16 stands across Georgia, ages 12 to 25, with eight stands sampled from each site type. Three-hundred and twenty trees were felled and 3572 disks collected from within the trees. Wood and bark specific gravity (SG), moisture content (MC), and proportion of bark were measured. Non-linear mixed effects models were developed to predict the variation in wood and bark SG with respect to relative height, age, and site type. Cutover sites had higher whole-tree wood SG (0.504 vs 0.455) and bark SG (0.374 vs 0.347) than old agricultural fields. The models explained 50% and 37% of the variability in wood and bark SG, respectively. Moisture content models were fitted as a function of SG for wood (R2 = 0.87) and bark (R2 = 0.71). Bark thickness, dry mass, and green volume were higher for cutover forest sites. Trees sampled included both defect-free and defect-containing trees; however, no significant differences in the wood physical properties were found. These results provide important information for the utilization of plantation longleaf pine.
Heavy-ion fusion reactions at extreme sub-barrier energies
Authors: Jiang C. L. , Back B. B. , Rehm K. E. , Hagino K. , Montagnoli G. , Stefanini A. M.
Published: July 2021

The study of fusion reactions at extreme sub-barrier energies has seen an increased interest in recent years, although difficult to measure due to their very small cross sections. Such reactions are extremely important for our understanding of the production of heavy elements in various environments. In this article, the status of the field is reviewed covering the experimental techniques, the available data, and the theoretical approaches used to describe such reactions. The fusion hindrance effect, first discovered in medium-mass systems, has been found to be relevant also for lighter systems. In some light systems, resonance structures are found to be important, while for heavy systems, the fission process plays an important role. In the near barrier region, couplings to collective excitations in the fusion participants and transfer reactions have been found to give a good description of the measured fusion cross sections and it results in a distribution of fusion barrier heights. New physics ingredients, related to the overlap process of the two projectiles, have to be introduced to describe the hindrance behavior. In addition, it has recently been found that the fusion cross section in both near-barrier and sub-barrier regions can be described very well in many cases using simple, analytical forms of the barrier-height distributions or a modified version of the classic Wong formula.
A determination of the Ω0mh2 cosmological parameter without tension
Authors: Benedetto E. , Feoli A. , Iannella A. L.
Published: July 2021

Measurements for the expansion rate of the universe disagree. Indeed, local measurements suggest a higher value of the Hubble constant than those performed through the cosmic microwave background. This fact led to a very interesting debate within the scientific community. The paper is not devoted to give solutions to the problem of “Hubble tension”. The aim of this paper is, on the contrary, to deduce the [Formula: see text] cosmological parameter from a theoretical point of view, using only two experimental data: the temperature of CMB today and the temperature of photons near the decoupling time.
Tempering effect on residual stress in bimetallic roll
Authors: Noda Nao-Aki , Aridi Mohd Radzi , Sano Yoshikazu
Published: July 2021

In this study, tempering effect on the residual stress is studied after uniform heating–quenching and nonuniform heating–quenching for bimetallic work roll. Results for uniform heating treatment showed that the maximum stress at the center decreases by 68% from 396 MPa to 126 MPa after the first and second tempering. Results for nonuniform heating treatment showed that the maximum stress at the center decreases by 47% from 309 MPa to 165 MPa after the first and second tempering. It may be concluded that nonuniform heating–quenching and tempering are useful for reducing the central tensile stress preventing cracks at the roll surface.
Hybrid solutions of a (3 + 1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation in an incompressible fluid
Authors: Cheng Chong-Dong , Tian Bo , Hu Cong-Cong , Zhao Xin
Published: July 2021

Incompressible fluids are studied in such disciplines as ocean engineering, astrophysics and aerodynamics. Under investigation in this paper is a [Formula: see text]-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli (BLMP) equation in an incompressible fluid. Based on the known bilinear form, BLMP hybrid solutions comprising a lump wave, a periodic wave and two kink waves, and hybrid solutions comprising a breather wave and multi-kink waves are derived. We observe the interaction among a lump wave, a periodic wave and two kink waves. Fission of a kink wave is observed: A kink wave divides into a breather wave and three kink waves. On the contrary, we see the fusion among a breather wave and three kink waves: The breather wave and three kink waves merge into a kink wave. Finally, we observe the interaction among a breather wave and four kink waves.
Numerical simulation of the effect of ultrasonic impact treatment on welding residual stress
Authors: Mo Tao , Chen Jingqing , Zhang Pengju , Bai Wenqian , Mu Xiao , Wu Yu
Published: July 2021

Ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) is an effective method that has been widely applied in welding structure to improve the fatigue properties of materials. It combines mechanical impact and ultrasonic vibration to produce plastic deformation on the weld joints surface, which introduces beneficial compressive residual stress distribution. To evaluate the effect of UIT technology on alleviating the residual stress of welded joints, a novel numerical analysis method based on the inherent strain theory is proposed to simulate the stress superposition of welding and subsequent UIT process of 304 stainless steel. Meanwhile, the experiment according to the process was carried out to verify the simulation of residual stress values before and after UIT. By the results, optimization of UIT application could effectively reduce the residual stress concentration after welding process. Residual tensile stress of welded joints after UIT is transformed into residual compressive stress. UIT formed a residual compressive stress layer with a thickness of about 0.13 mm on the plate. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. The work in this paper could provide theoretical basis and technical support for the reasonable evaluation of the ultrasonic impact on residual stress elimination and mechanical properties improvement of welded joints.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of 9Cr-3W-3Co steel welded joints by vacuum electron beam welding
Authors: Zhang Youyi , Gou Guoqing
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to explore the microstructure and mechanical properties of 9Cr-3W-3Co steel welded joints. In the experiment, 9Cr-3W-3Co steel samples were welded by vacuum electron beam welding technology (VEBW) without any metal stuff, and all the welding joints were treated by high-temperature tempering at [Formula: see text]C for 8 h. The microstructure of welding joints was observed by OM, SEM and TEM; and the mechanical properties of welded joints were analyzed by microhardness test, room-temperature tensile, test impact test and high-temperature creep test. As a result, all the 9Cr-3W-3Co steel samples displayed the microstructure status as martensite under the Scheffler-Schneider prediction model, which conformed to the expectation. After high-temperature tempering, the grains of the welding zone were smaller than the base metal and the composition was tempered lath martensite only. Some of the lath martensite bundles even showed the incomplete polygonal transformation. The M[Formula: see text]C6 carbides and MX phase were distributed continuously along with the lath martensite interfaces, which showed a tendency for further aggregation. The microhardness of the weld zone was slightly higher than the base metal (mean of base metal: 240 HV[Formula: see text], mean of weld zone: 273 HV[Formula: see text] and mean of heat affected area: 274 HV[Formula: see text]. There was no softening phenomenon observed, and the welding joints maintaining the high intensity. Other mechanical properties like the tensile strength (mean: 750 MPa), yield strength (mean: 707 MPa) and impact toughness (mean of WM: 25.1 J and HAZ: 23.3 J) were also excellent. When the temperature parameter is constant, the time for creep fracture reduces significantly with the increase of the stress; whereas the time for creep fracture decreases significantly as the temperature increases, while the stress parameter is constant.
Variational principle of the one-dimensional convection–dispersion equation with fractal derivatives
Authors: Wu Pin-Xia , Ling Wei-Wei , Li Xiu-Mei , Xie Liang-Jin
Published: July 2021

The convection–dispersion equation has always been a classic equation for studying pollutant migration models. There are certain deviations in scientific research because of the existence of the impurity of the medium and the nonsmooth boundary. In this paper, we introduced the one-dimensional convection–dispersion equation with fractal derivatives in fractal space, and established the fractal variational formula of the equation through the semi-inverse method. The fractal variational formula we have obtained can provide the conservation laws in an energy form in the fractal space and possible solution structures of the given equation. An analytical solution is obtained through the two-scale transform method and Laplace transform.
Effects of different valence atoms on surface passivation of silicon carbide nanowires
Authors: Ma Wan-Duo , Liu Wei-Kai , Gong Pei , Jia Ya-Hui , Yang Ying-Ying , Fang Xiao-Yong
Published: July 2021

In this paper, based on the first principles, we study the properties of silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs) passivated by monovalent hydrogen (H), heptavalent fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) atoms at the electronic level to reveal the mechanism of interaction between different valence electrons in the passivation process. The results show that the passivation can improve the inhomogeneity of the surface and internal Si–C bonds, and improve the stability of the SiCNWs structure. The structure of F-SiCNWs is the most stable. Meanwhile, passivation increases the bandgap of the SiCNWs, and the bandgap of H, F and Cl passivation SiCNWs decreases successively, this is because the potential energy of H-1s, F-2p and Cl-3p interacting with Si-3p decreases in turn. Besides, heptavalent F and Cl passivation can regulate some optical properties of the SiCNWs to the deep-ultraviolet light regions such as absorption, conductivity, refractive index and loss function. Monovalent H passivation can regulate some optical properties of the SiCNWs to the vacuum ultraviolet light region (UVD). These studies have potential application value for the development of deep-ultraviolet micro–nano devices.
Asymmetric bidirectional quantum teleportation via six-qubit partially entangled state
Authors: Wang Jinwei , Huang Liping
Published: July 2021

In this paper, an asymmetric bidirectional controlled quantum teleportation via a six-qubit partially entangled state is given, in which Alice wants to transmit a two-qubit entangled state to Bob and Bob wants to transmit a single-qubit state to Alice on the same time. Although the six-qubit state as quantum channel is partially entangled, the teleportation is implemented deterministically. Furthermore, only Bell-state measurements, single-qubit measurements and some unitary operations are needed in the scheme.