bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological semimetal state with triply degenerate nodal points in a stable Cu2Te structure
Authors: Zhao Xinxin , Mi Yiming
Published: January 2021

We predict a stable topological structure of Cu2Te(R3m) with triply degenerate nodal points near the Fermi energy. The anisotropic strain breaking C3 symmetry turns the semimetal into a topological insulator, providing evidence for the large linear magnetoresistance in Cu2−xTe.
Correction: Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Authors: Awad Raed , Zhou Yihui , Nyberg Elisabeth , Namazkar Shahla , Yongning Wu , Xiao Qianfen , Sun Yaije , Zhu Zhiliang , Bergman Åke , Benskin Jonathan P.
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China’ by Raed Awad et al., Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2020, 22, 2023–2030, DOI: 10.1039/D0EM00077A.
Shaping graphene with optical forging: from a single blister to complex 3D structures
Authors: Mentel Kamila K. , Manninen Jyrki , Hiltunen Vesa-Matti , Myllyperkiö Pasi , Johansson Andreas , Pettersson Mika
Published: January 2021

Femtosecond laser-induced shaping of graphene out of the plane, establishing rules for writing complex patterns with modified surface properties.
Nickel−palladium alloy nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide decorated with metallic aluminum nanoparticles (Al-rGO/NiPd): a multifunctional catalyst for the transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes and olefins using water as a hydrogen source
Authors: Dağalan Ziya , Behboudikhiavi Sepideh , Turgut Muhammet , Sevim Melike , Kasapoğlu Ahmet Emre , Nişancı Bilal , Metin Önder
Published: January 2021

A multifunctional nanocatalyst, Al-rGO/Ni40Pd60, is designed for the transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes and olefins using water as a hydrogen source and solvent.
Bottom-up pore-generation strategy modulated active nitrogen species for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Chen Changli , Dong Yuanyuan , Ma Jun , Zheng Lei , Zhao Yizhou , Chen Wenxing , Li Yujing
Published: January 2021

This study reported a bottom-up pore-generation strategy for synthesizing the hierarchically holey N-doped carbon, which shows outstanding ORR activity.
Recent advances in enzymeless-based electrochemical sensors to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Song Zeyu , Zhou Ying , Han Xiao , Qin Jieling , Tang Xiaoying
Published: January 2021

This review summarizes the research works of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for the early diagnosis of Neurodegenerative disease.
Identification of KIF4A and its effect on the progression of lung adenocarcinoma based on the bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Song Yexun , Tang Wenfang , Li Hui
Published: January 2021

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequent histological type of lung cancer, and its incidence has displayed an upward trend in recent years. Nevertheless, little is known regarding effective biomarkers for LUAD.

Methods: The robust rank aggregation method was used to mine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database was used to extract hub genes from the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The expression of the hub genes was validated using expression profiles from TCGA and Oncomine databases and was verified by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The module and survival analyses of the hub genes were determined using Cytoscape and Kaplan–Meier curves. The function of KIF4A as a hub gene was investigated in LUAD cell lines.

Results: The PPI analysis identified seven DEGs including BIRC5, DLGAP5, CENPF, KIF4A, TOP2A, AURKA, and CCNA2, which were significantly upregulated in Oncomine and TCGA LUAD datasets, and were verified by qRT-PCR in our clinical samples. We determined the overall and disease-free survival analysis of the seven hub genes using GEPIA. We further found that CENPF, DLGAP5, and KIF4A expressions were positively correlated with clinical stage. In LUAD cell lines, proliferation and migration were inhibited and apoptosis was promoted by knocking down KIF4A expression.

Conclusion: We have identified new DEGs and functional pathways involved in LUAD. KIF4A, as a hub gene, promoted the progression of LUAD and might represent a potential therapeutic target for molecular cancer therapy.
Do We Need a Measure of Vocal Effort? Clinician's Report of Vocal Effort in Voice Patients
Authors: van Mersbergen Miriam , Beckham Bethany Helen , Hunter Eric J.
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Vocal effort has been of increasing interest to voice clinicians and researchers. However, little is known about the prevalence of vocal effort in voice patients presenting to voice clinics. The purpose of this study was to better understand how vocal effort is understood and used in a clinical setting, including the current opinions on this symptom and experiences of voice clinicians regarding vocal effort measurement and management.

Method

Speech-language pathologists who regularly treat voice patients were queried about their years of voice experience, number of voice patients treated yearly, percentage of voice patients who complain of vocal effort, methods of clinically measuring vocal effort, and treatment strategies that address vocal effort in therapy.

Results

Survey results revealed that vocal effort is a commonly presented complaint in the voice clinic with over two thirds of clinicians reporting that the majority of their patients complain of vocal effort and approximately 25% of clinicians reporting that vocal effort is the main complaint in their patients. Although most clinicians measure vocal effort in the clinic, very few use a dedicated vocal effort measure. About half of the clinicians reported that they specifically address vocal effort reduction as a therapy goal.

Conclusions

Despite the high prevalence of observed vocal effort complaints in patients and the focus of vocal effort reduction in therapy, there is no standardized measure of vocal effort widely utilized in the clinic. Future research should address clinically tractable methods to measure vocal effort validly and reliably.
Analysis and experimental application of a dead‐time compensator for input saturated processes with output time‐varying delays
Authors: Alves Lima Thiago , Tarbouriech Sophie , Gouaisbaut Frédéric , Prudêncio de Almeida Filho Magno , García Pedro , Claure Torrico Bismark , Gonzalez Nogueira Fabrício
Published: January 2021

Dead‐time compensators (DTCs) are a family of classical controllers derived from the Smith Predictor. Their main characteristic is that they explicitly employ the model of the open‐loop process to feedback a predicted value of the non‐delayed system, thus obtaining compensation of the delay. Such a perfect compensation is not achievable in the case of time‐varying delays. This paper addresses stability analysis of a DTC structure in this situation, in addition to considering saturating actuators and disturbances of limited energy. Specific challenges related to the DTC closed loop are taken into account in the developed theoretical conditions, which are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities by using an adequate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and generalised sector conditions. Furthermore, a new approach for the definition of the set of initial conditions in an augmented space in conjunction with the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is presented. Besides theoretical innovations, practical discussion about the relation between the tuning of DTC controllers and robustness for this class of systems is presented through numerical examples. An experimental application on a neonatal incubator prototype is carried out to emphasise the effectiveness of the results.
Hyperspectral image, video compression using sparse tucker tensor decomposition
Authors: Das Samiran
Published: January 2021

Hyperspectral image and videos provide rich spectral information content, which facilitates accurate classification, unmixing, temporal change detection, and so on. However, with the rapid improvements in technology, the data size has increased many folds. To properly handle the enormous data volume, efficient methods are required to compress the data. This paper proposes a multi‐way approach for compression of the hyperspectral image or video sequence. In this approach, a differential representation of the data is first obtained. In the case of hyperspectral images, the difference between consecutive bands is obtained and in case of videos, the difference between consecutive frames is computed. In the next step, a sparse Tucker tensor decomposition is performed and the sparse core tensor obtained. Finally, the core tensor and the corresponding factor matrices are truncated and the data encoded to obtain the compressed version for transmission. The compression method utilises the multi‐way structure of the data and hence can be extended for hyperspectral videos. Experimental results on several real data imply that the proposed compression approach obtains better efficiency in terms of compression ratio, signal to noise ratio.
Towards accurate coronary artery calcium segmentation with multi‐scale attention mechanism
Authors: Ning Yang , Zhang Yunfeng , Li Xuemei , Zhang Caiming
Published: January 2021

Coronary artery calcium is a strong and independent marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Typically, the accurate segmentation of computed tomography images of the chest is an important prerequisite and basis for coronary artery calcium identification and analysis. However, this is very challenging in practice because the boundaries of coronary artery calcium, the small lesions with large shape variation, are very blurry, resulting in poor performance in existing studies. To tackle this challenge, we present a novel Attention‐based Multi‐Scale Network called AMSN, which can process information through both the main and boundary branches in parallel. Key to our AMSN is a new non‐local multi‐scale context encoder module, which is mainly composed of the multi‐scale attention mechanism and local global long short‐term memory module. By aggregating the multi‐scale context information, i.e. high‐resolution low‐level and low‐resolution high‐level features, the model's feature representative capability and deployment ability are improved effectively. Besides, we introduce a new boundary preserving loss, which can consider the boundary information of all coronary artery calcium together and establish links for the segmentation of different coronary artery calcium simultaneously. Extensive experiments demonstrate our AMSN enables reliable accurate coronary artery calcium segmentation for assisted cardiovascular disease diagnosis clinically.
Resolving the inner accretion flow towards the central supermassive black hole in SDSS J1339+1310
Authors: Shalyapin V. N. , Goicoechea L. J. , Morgan C. W. , Cornachione M. A. , Sergeyev A. V.
Published: January 2021

We studied the accretion disc structure in the doubly imaged lensed quasar SDSS J1339+1310 using r-band light curves and UV-visible to near-IR spectra from the first 11 observational seasons after its discovery. The 2009−2019 light curves displayed pronounced microlensing variations on different timescales, and this microlensing signal permitted us to constrain the half-light radius of the 1930 Å continuum-emitting region. Assuming an accretion disc with an axis inclined at 60° to the line of sight, we obtained log(r1/2/cm) = 15.4−0.4+0.93. We also estimated the central black hole mass from spectroscopic data. The width of the C IV, Mg II, and Hβ emission lines, and the continuum luminosity at 1350, 3000, and 5100 Å, led to log(MBH/M⊙) = 8.6 ± 0.4. Thus, hot gas responsible for the 1930 Å continuum emission is likely orbiting a 4.0 × 108 M⊙ black hole at an r1/2 of only a few tens of Schwarzschild radii.
Fast analytical calculation of the random pair counts for realistic survey geometry
Authors: Breton Michel-Andrès , de la Torre Sylvain
Published: January 2021

Galaxy clustering is a standard cosmological probe that is commonly analysed through two-point statistics. In observations, the estimation of the two-point correlation function crucially relies on counting pairs in a random catalogue. The latter contains a large number of randomly distributed points, which accounts for the survey window function. Random pair counts can also be advantageously used for modelling the window function in the observed power spectrum. Since pair counting scales as 𝒪(N2), where N is the number of points, the computational time to measure random pair counts can be very expensive for large surveys. In this work, we present an alternative approach for estimating those counts that does not rely on the use of a random catalogue. We derived an analytical expression for the anisotropic random-random pair counts that accounts for the galaxy radial distance distribution, survey geometry, and possible galaxy weights. We show that a prerequisite is the estimation of the two-point correlation function of the angular selection function, which can be obtained efficiently using pixelated angular maps. Considering the cases of the VIPERS and SDSS-BOSS redshift surveys, we find that the analytical calculation is in excellent agreement with the pair counts obtained from random catalogues. The main advantage of this approach is that the primary calculation only takes a few minutes on a single CPU and it does not depend on the number of random points. Furthermore, it allows for an accuracy on the monopole equivalent to what we would otherwise obtain when using a random catalogue with about 1500 times more points than in the data at hand. We also describe and test an approximate expression for data-random pair counts that is less accurate than for random-random counts, but still provides subpercent accuracy on the monopole. The presented formalism should be very useful in accounting for the window function in next-generation surveys, which will necessitate accurate two-point window function estimates over huge observed cosmological volumes.
The PAU Survey: Intrinsic alignments and clustering of narrow-band photometric galaxies
Authors: Johnston Harry , Joachimi Benjamin , Norberg Peder , Hoekstra Henk , Eriksen Martin , Fortuna Maria Cristina , Manzoni Giorgio , Serrano Santiago , Siudek Malgorzata , Tortorelli Luca , Asorey Jacobo , Cabayol Laura , Carretero Jorge , Casas Ricard , Castander Francisco , Crocce Martin , Fernandez Enrique , García-Bellido Juan , Gaztanaga Enrique , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Miquel Ramon , Navarro-Girones David , Padilla Cristobal , Sanchez Eusebio , Sevilla-Noarbe Ignacio , Tallada-Crespí Pau
Published: January 2021

We present the first measurements of the projected clustering and intrinsic alignments (IA) of galaxies observed by the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS). With photometry in 40 narrow optical passbands (4500 Å–8500 Å), the quality of photometric redshift estimation is σz ∼ 0.01(1 + z) for galaxies in the 19 deg2 Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey W3 field, allowing us to measure the projected 3D clustering and IA for flux-limited, faint galaxies (i < 22.5) out to z ∼ 0.8. To measure two-point statistics, we developed, and tested with mock photometric redshift samples, ‘cloned’ random galaxy catalogues which can reproduce data selection functions in 3D and account for photometric redshift errors. In our fiducial colour-split analysis, we made robust null detections of IA for blue galaxies and tentative detections of radial alignments for red galaxies (∼1 − 3σ), over scales of 0.1 − 18 h−1 Mpc. The galaxy clustering correlation functions in the PAUS samples are comparable to their counterparts in a spectroscopic population from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey, modulo the impact of photometric redshift uncertainty which tends to flatten the blue galaxy correlation function, whilst steepening that of red galaxies. We investigate the sensitivity of our correlation function measurements to choices in the random catalogue creation and the galaxy pair-binning along the line of sight, in preparation for an optimised analysis over the full PAUS area.
Origine, processus de formation et évolution des mardelles du Nord-Est du Bassin Parisien (France)
Authors: Ollive Vincent , Wiethold Julian , Klag Thierry , Klag Philippe
Published: January 2021

Plusieurs milliers de dépressions fermées circulaires ou « mardelles » sont observées sur les marnes du Keuper du Nord-est du Bassin Parisien. Leur origine anthropique ou naturelle est largement débattue depuis la première moitié du XIXe siècle par archéologues et naturalistes. Dans le cadre des recherches archéologiques préalables à la construction de la LGV-Est Européenne, sept d’entre elles ont été fouillées afin de répondre aux questions liées à leur origine, leur processus de formation, et à l’évolution de leur comblement sédimentaire. Une nouvelle méthodologie associant géoarchéologie, archéobotanique et archéologie a conduit à la réalisation de longues et profondes tranchées à la pelle mécanique. Pour la première fois, l’observation directe à la fois du substratum géologique et du comblement sédimentaire a été réalisée. Cela a permis de mettre en évidence les processus suivants conduisant à une formation naturelle des dépressions : (1) des déformations (fractures) affectent les marnes du Keuper ; (2) des conduits sont formés au niveau de ces déformations et permettent le soutirage des produits issus de l’altération des marnes ; (3) lorsque la dépression est formée, l’effondrement/ glissement des bordures conduit à l’atténuation de la morphologie initiale des mardelles ; (4) l’enregistrement sédimentaire témoigne d’un environnement local influencé par l’évolution forestière et l’utilisation du sol. Les observations directes à l’échelle de chaque dépression complètent les informations spatiales issues d’un relevé Lidar le long de la LGV-Est Européenne. L’analyse de ce relevé met en évidence des alignements de dépressions dont les orientations sont similaires à celles du réseau de drainage et dont l’origine est probablement liée à la fracturation des marnes du Keuper. Enfin, même si un processus de formation naturelle est envisagé, un rôle de l’activité humaine dans l’initiation du processus pourrait être envisagé notamment par l’action sur l’évolution du couvert végétal et donc dans la karstogenèse des marnes.
Method of investigation of local corrosion processes on samples from clad steel
Authors: Latypova Dina , Latypov Oleg
Published: January 2021

The article describes a method developed to evaluate the mechanism of local corrosion processes on the surface of a clad layer of steel specimens, which makes it possible to identify the difference in electrode potentials in artificially created holes. As a result of the study it was found that in a corrosive medium containing Cl- and S2O32- ions, the diffusion of oxidants into a hole of smaller diameter is difficult, which causes a large potential difference between the wall of the hole and its bottom. This process contributes to the development of local electrochemical corrosion.
The influence of elastic deformations in high-strength structural materials on the hydrogen transport
Authors: Grigoreva Polina , Vilchevskaya Elena , Polyanskiy Vladimir
Published: January 2021

In this work, the diffusion equation for the gas-solid system is revised to describe the non-uniform distribution of hydrogen in steels. The first attempt to build a theoretical and general model and to describe the diffusion process as driven by a chemical potential gradient is made. A linear elastic solid body and ideal gas, diffusing into it, are considered. At this stage, we neglect any traps and non-linear effects. The coupled diffusion-elastic boundary problem is solved for the case of the cylinder under the tensile loads. The obtained results correspond to the experimental ones. Based on them, the assumptions about the correctness of the model and its further improvement are suggested.
Identification, evaluation and minimization of industrial risks relating to gas pipelines
Authors: Badica Marius Nicolae , Marinescu (Badica) Carmen Matilda , Suditu Silvian , Stoica Monica Emanuela
Published: January 2021

The security of the functioning systems represents, through the four specific components (security, availability, reliability and maintenance), a basic component of the processing requirement. Monitoring of all specific intrinsic and operating parameters of oil and gas pipelines can be technically detected and diagnosed by:

–existing defects;

–rapid and effective intervention to eliminate the damage, if they occurred.

To establish the maintenance programs that can ensure the proper functioning of the gas pipelines, it is necessary to establish their technical status. The research done helps reduce the risk of gas pipeline damage.
Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Nickel-based Alloy EP718 for use in Hydrogen Sulphide Containing Environment
Authors: Alekseeva Ekaterina , Galata Lyudmila , Lapechenkov Andrey , Kovalev Mark
Published: January 2021

Nickel-based alloys cover a wide range of oil and gas applications. Alloy EP718 is used as an analogue of alloy 718. The corrosion resistance of EP718 has been determined in severe environmental conditions of NACE level VI over 3 months (175°С, PCO2 = 3.5 MPa, PH2S = 3.5 MPa, pH 3.5, 20% NaCl). The effects of heat treatment on the corrosion rate were studied. The results indicate that the corrosion rate of EP718 in a simulated environment is less than 0.01 mm per year. Stress corrosion cracking could be observed in low quality production and incorrect heat treatment.
Possibilities and limitations of the organization of anticorrosion protection at gas production facilities
Authors: Zapevalov Dmitry , Vagapov Ruslan
Published: January 2021

Products of several going and promising onshore and offshore hydrocarbon extraction sites both in Russia and foreign countries are known due to elevated level of corrosive СО2. The article analyzes present procedures aimed at rating corrosive hazard of extracted fluids, selection and implementation of measures for protection of equipment and pipelines against of inner corrosion. Onshore and offshore facilities work within specific environment, which affects arrangement of corrosion protection and corrosion monitoring systems. Presence of СО2in the extracted products together with other factors stimulate intensive growth of corrosion, and require attentive and reasonable attitude to choose engineering solutions providing safe and reliable operation of production facilities.
Analysis of geophysical methods in the study of fixing production casing leaks in oil wells of Tatarstan
Authors: Karimova Roza , Golub Svetlana
Published: January 2021

The paper analyzes field data of the most effective geophysical methods to date to monitor the technical condition of the production casing using examples of wells at the Romashkinskoye oil field in Tatarstan. The results of interpretation according to a flaw detector together with a caliper gauge are presented. The most significant intervals of the column subjected to various stages of corrosion have been identified and described, which allows us to determine and evaluate the size, nature of violations, and to solve the issue of squeeze job.
Comparative efficiency of different realization methods of cathodic protection for marine structures
Authors: Chernov Boris Borisovich , Vu Van Mung , Nugmanov Anas Maskharovich
Published: January 2021

Economic efficiency in using the solar panels as the DC sources for the impressed current cathodic protection of offshore structures was compared with the sacrificial anode cathodic protection. The calculation was based on the example of a sheet pile wall with a surface area of 2000 m2 protected by various methods of cathodic protection: the impressed current cathodic protection powered by a rectifier device, by solar panels with batteries, by solar panels without batteries and sacrificial anode cathodic protection. The results showed that the cost of impressed current cathodic protection powered by solar panels without batteries is the lowest after 10 years of operation. Cathodic protection powered only by solar panels without batteries is the most beneficial in cold climates when battery life is reduced, and for facilities that are remote from centralized power sources, where the power supplying cost to the protected structure is difficult to estimate due to specific situations.
Advanced liquid epoxy and polyurethane materials: internal and external coatings for pipeline and tubing protection
Authors: Keresten Andrey , Ostanin Stepan , Zuev Vyacheslav
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses anticorrosive materials developed by JSC “СRONOS SPb” for different application for oil/gas industry. A series of coatings were tested for compliance with industrial Russian and international standards. Epoxy KronEpur 80 and KronEpur NKT coatings for the internal surfaces of pipelines and tubing with high Tg comply with Russian state standard GOST 58346. KronTag developed for RFID tags protection meet the requirements for internal coatings according GOST 58346. Hybrid epoxy-urethane coating Eton-SAP has extremely low operational thickness. Repairing material Polykron-R tested by DIN EN 10290.
Analysis of Methods for Determining the Characteristics of a Single Spatial Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Khalikov Abdulhak
Published: January 2021

This paper analyzes the methods for determining the characteristics of a single spatial electromagnetic field; considerations combine all–electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields into a single electromagnetic theory of a spatial field. On the basis of the concept of a single field of force spatial interaction of material bodies, it is analytically established that in a physical vacuum only waves of its polarization actually exist, transporting in the space of a vacuum sphere its excitation energy, which when force interacting with a certain physical characteristic (electrical, magnetic or gravitational) material body, creates a dynamic response of the parameters of this body, which is recorded in the experiment as a real flow of energy with responsible of the physical nature.
Environment Identification of Plantation Plant Development for Competitive in Sukoharjo Districts, Indonesia
Authors: Wardani Irma , Rosana Dewi Tria
Published: January 2021

Developing the competitiveness of an area needs to identify the environment to determine the potential of the region. This study aimed to determine the environment that affects the development of plantation crops in Sukoharjo. Data analysis techniques used were Analytical Hierarki Process and Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats. The results showed the direction of the development of plantation crops was productivity. The priority plantation crops developed in Sukoharjo Regency were Sugar Cane (0.2929), Coconut (0.2017), Java Tobacco (0.1650), Medicinal Plants (0.12834), Cashew (0.1259), and Kapok (0.0085). Identification on the development of estate crops as follows internal factors such as i) strengths: available land, farmer institutions, social culture, availability of human resources, ii) weaknesses: low farmer education, lack of farmer coaching, expensive labor. While the external factors were i) opportunities: availability of seeds from the government, mechanization assistance for land, market demand, land expansion, the presence of sugarcane processing factories, biotechnology ii) threats: land use change, sugarcane farmers competition, pest and disease attacks, farmers moving.
Multiplication Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Corn (Zea mays L.) with Pots Culture at Greenhouse
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , Adnyana Adnyana , Nengah Suprapta Dewa , Proborini Meitini , Soni Peeyush , Gamawati Adinurani Praptiningsih
Published: January 2021

This study was multiplicated by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) indigenous in corn with pots culture at the greenhouse. The research will be conducted from August 2019 to October 2019 in Greenhouse, Laboratory of Microbiology, Mataram University, Indonesia. This research aims to determine the influence of AMF in dry land and the application of fertilizer concentration. This research was conducted isolate exploration in four villages at the Pujut Central district, Lombok, Indonesia i.e. Mertak, Sukadana, Kuta, and Sengkol Village. This research is an experimental study with a completely randomized factorial design with two factors i.e the AMF isolate type and the concentration of Johnson’s nutrient solution. The first factor with the level without AMF Isolates, Isolate 1, Isolate 2, and Isolate 3. While the second factor is the Johnson nutrient concentration i.e 50 % and 75 % solution. The results showed that were differences in growth such as crop height and the number of leaves where Isolate 1, gave the highest growth and number of leaves. The identification was obtained the Isolate 1 showed highest spore’s density and root infections is Isolate 1 with a spherical shape.
Studiengänge zur Versorgungsforschung in Deutschland: aktueller Stand und zukünftige Perspektiven
Authors: Kuske Silke , Holmberg Christine , Wensing Michel , Reuschenbach Bernd , Büscher Andreas , Neugebauer Edmund , Pfaff Holger , Karbach Ute , Balzer Katrin , Köpke Sascha , Ernstmann Nicole
Published: January 2021

Ziel der Studie Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, die derzeit akkreditierten Versorgungsforschungsstudiengänge in Deutschland im Hinblick auf ihre Strukturdaten und Inhalte zu analysieren.

Methodik Im Rahmen eines deskriptiven qualitativen Designs wurden die aktuellen Studienverlaufspläne, die Modulhandbücher und die Steckbriefe akkreditierter Masterstudiengänge der Versorgungsforschung inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die 6 analysierten Studiengänge zeigen sich hinsichtlich ihrer strukturellen Merkmale und lehr-lerninhaltlichen Ausrichtung in den wesentlichen Punkten als homogen. Ziel aller Studiengänge ist es, fach- und disziplinübergreifende personale und soziale Kompetenzen zu fördern, um Versorgungsbedarfe im Gesundheitswesen zu identifizieren, Innovationen der Versorgung zu entwickeln, zu initiieren, zu evaluieren und kritisch zu reflektieren.

Schlussfolgerungen Trotz ähnlicher Lehr-Lerninhalte bestehen spezifische Ausrichtungen, für die sich die Studierenden vor dem Hintergrund ihrer individuellen Präferenzen entscheiden können. Diese Ergebnisse könnten unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Diskurse und weiterer Erkenntnisse als Grundlage für Empfehlungen zur Entwicklung eines Kerncurriculums dienen.
Four-Step One-Pot Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Polysubstituted Tricyclic Compounds: Lipase-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Followed by an Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Akai Shuji , Tsuchimochi Izuru , Hori Shuhei , Takeuchi Yasuo , Egi Masahiro , Satoh Tomo-o , Kanomata Kyohei , Ikawa Takashi
Published: January 2021

Starting from readily available tertiary alcohols, four different reactions (a 1,3-migration of a hydroxy group, kinetic resolution, racemization, and an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction) took place under co-catalysis by lipase and oxovanadium compounds in a one-pot process to produce polysubstituted tricyclic carbon frameworks in high yields and with high enantioselectivities. The key to the success of this process was the discovery that a silyl group attached to the terminal carbon of the vinyl moiety completely controls the direction of hydroxy group migration
Pharmacodynamic Profile and Prevalence of Bleeding Episode in East Asian Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes Treated with Prasugrel Standard-Dose versus De-escalation Strategy: A Randomized A-MATCH Trial
Authors: Jeong Young-Hoon , Oh Ju-Hyeon , Yoon Hyuck-Jun , Park Yongwhi , Suh Jon , Lee Se-Whan , Lee Kyounghoon , Kim Jeong-Su , Chun Woo-Jung , Park Yong-Hwan , Nam Chang-Wook , Kim June-Hong , Ahn Jong-Hwa , Hwang Seok-Jae , Hwang Jin-Yong , Tantry Udaya S. , Gurbel Paul A. , Shin Eun-Seok
Published: January 2021

Compared with Caucasian patients, East Asian patients have the unique risk–benefit trade-off and different responsiveness to antithrombotic regimens. The aim of this study was to compare pharmacodynamic profile in East Asian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) treated with prasugrel standard-dose versus a de-escalation strategy. Before discharge, ACS patients with age <75 years or weight ≥60 kg (n = 255) were randomly assigned to the standard-dose (10-mg group) or de-escalation strategy (5-mg group or platelet function test [PFT]-guided group). After 1 month, VerifyNow P2Y12 assay-based platelet reactivity (P2Y12 reaction unit [PRU]) and bleeding episodes were evaluated. Primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with the therapeutic window (85 ≤ PRU ≤ 208). The 250 patients completed 1-month treatment. The percentage of patients within the therapeutic window was significantly lower in the 10-mg group (n = 85) compared with the 5-mg (n = 83) and PFT-guided groups (n = 82) (35.3 vs. 67.5 vs. 65.9%) (odds ratio [OR]: 3.80 and 3.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01–7.21 and 1.87–6.69, respectively). Compared with the 10-mg group, the bleeding rate was tended to be lower with de-escalation strategies (35.3 vs. 24.1% vs. 23.2%) (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.58 and 0.55; 95% CI: 0.30–1.14 and 0.28–1.09, respectively). “PRU < 127” was the optimal cut-off for predicting 1-month bleeding events (area under the curve: 0.616; 95% CI: 0.543–0.689; p = 0.005), which criteria was significantly associated with early discontinuation of prasugrel treatment (HR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.28–3.03; p = 0.001). In conclusion, compared with the standard-dose prasugrel, the prasugrel de-escalation strategy in East Asian patients presented with ACS showed a higher chance within the therapeutic window and a lower tendency toward bleeding episodes.

Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier:NCT01951001.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Digoxin
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhou Si-Yu , Liao Jin-Xi , Sun Jian-Song , Tu Yuan-Hong
Published: January 2021

Taking advantage of the reliable stereocontrol capability of DMNPA group via long-distance-participation (LDP) effect as well as the mild and efficient deprotection conditions, the first and highly efficient synthesis of digoxin was achieved through a nine-step longest linear sequence with 41% overall yield.
Preliminary Report of Arthroscopically Assisted Sauvé–Kapandji Procedure for Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthritis
Authors: Abe Yukio , Takahashi Youhei , Fujii Kenzo
Published: January 2021

Background The arthroscopically assisted Sauvé–Kapandji (S-K) procedure has been described as a safe and promising technique for distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthrodesis. Our purpose was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the arthroscopically assisted S-K procedure.

Methods Eight patients underwent an arthroscopically assisted S-K procedure. All patients were diagnosed as DRUJ osteoarthritis (OA), including six primary DRUJ OA, one OA following a distal radius fracture, and one rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthroscopy was performed in neutral forearm rotation with vertical traction. The surface of the DRUJ was debrided through arthroscopy to expose the subchondral surface, and the DRUJ was fixed with a cannulated screw and Kirschner wire (K-wire) with zero or minus ulnar variance in the same posture. Bone graft was not performed.

Results Bone union was achieved at 2 to 3.5 months postoperatively. At an average of 17-month follow-up, the pain intensity on 10-point numerical rating scale (NRS) decreased from 10 preoperatively to 0.4 postoperatively, average range of pronation significantly improved from 77 degrees to 89 degrees, and average grip strength as a percentage of contralateral side improved from 76 to 104%.

Conclusion Satisfactory outcomes were achieved with the arthroscopically assisted S-K procedure. Advantages of this procedure included the ability to achieve union without bone grafting, preservation of the extensor mechanism integrity, and easy reduction of the ulnar head due to its wrist positioning. No major complications were encountered. Disadvantages included its required use of arthroscopic technique and potential contraindication for cases with severe deformity at the sigmoid notch.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Free Flap Monitoring, Salvage, and Failure Timing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shen Amanda Y. , Lonie Sarah , Lim Kaiyang , Farthing Hannah , Hunter-Smith David J. , Rozen Warren M.
Published: January 2021

Background Microsurgical free tissue transfer has become a reliable technique with success rates around 99% and around 5% requiring exploration for vascular compromise. Protocols for flap monitoring between plastic surgery units vary. We aimed to elucidate the time period when monitoring is crucial for flap salvage.

Methods A systematic search of literature was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Scopus databases from 1966 to July 2018 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, identifying 3,844 studies with mention of free flap and monitoring or timing or salvage or compromise. Studies were screened for relevance according to predetermined inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from included studies relating to flap type, monitoring, timing and reason for failure, and success of salvage intervention.

Results A total of 109 studies featuring 44,031 free flaps were included. A total of 2,549 (5.8%) flaps required return to theater for compromise; 926 (2.1%) were lost and 1,654 (3.7%) were salvaged. In the first 24 hours postoperatively 93.8% of explored flaps are successfully salvaged, by day 2: 83.33%, day 3: 12.1%, and beyond day 4: none were successful. Of the 355 flaps where the cause of failure was reported, 59.5% was venous, 27.9% was arterial, 2.3% was a combination of both, and 10.2% was hematoma or infection. The proportion of flap failures at various recipient sites was highest in the trunk/viscera (7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00, 0.36), followed by limbs (5%, 95% CI 0.02, 0.08), head and neck (3%, 95% CI 0.02, 0.04), and breast (<1%; 95% CI 0.00, 0.02).

Conclusion Close flap monitoring is of most value in the first 48 hours postoperatively, facilitating rapid detection of vascular compromise, early salvage, and better outcomes. The location of the flap has implications on its success and certain recipient sites may need particular attention to improve chances of success.
Toward chemical accuracy at low computational cost: Density-functional theory with

σ

-functionals for the correlation energy
Authors: Trushin Egor , Thierbach Adrian , Görling Andreas
Published: January 2021

We introduce new functionals for the Kohn–Sham correlation energy that are based on the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation (ACFD) theorem and are named σ-functionals. Like in the well-established direct random phase approximation (dRPA), σ-functionals require as input exclusively eigenvalues σ of the frequency-dependent KS response function. In the new functionals, functions of σ replace the σ-dependent dRPA expression in the coupling-constant and frequency integrations contained in the ACFD theorem. We optimize σ-functionals with the help of reference sets for atomization, reaction, transition state, and non-covalent interaction energies. The optimized functionals are to be used in a post-self-consistent way using orbitals and eigenvalues from conventional Kohn–Sham calculations employing the exchange–correlation functional of Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof. The accuracy of the presented approach is much higher than that of dRPA methods and is comparable to that of high-level wave function methods. Reaction and transition state energies from σ-functionals exhibit accuracies close to 1 kcal/mol and thus approach chemical accuracy. For the 10 966 reactions of the W4-11RE reference set, the mean absolute deviation is 1.25 kcal/mol compared to 3.21 kcal/mol in the dRPA case. Non-covalent binding energies are accurate to a few tenths of a kcal/mol. The presented approach is highly efficient, and the post-self-consistent calculation of the total energy requires less computational time than a density-functional calculation with a hybrid functional and thus can be easily carried out routinely. σ-Functionals can be implemented in any existing dRPA code with negligible programming effort.
Doping concentration dependent piezoelectric behavior of Si:HfO2 thin-films
Authors: Kirbach S. , Lederer M. , Eßlinger S. , Mart C. , Czernohorsky M. , Weinreich W. , Wallmersperger T.
Published: January 2021

Piezoelectric thin films are of current interest in science and industry for highly integrated nano-electro-mechanical-systems and sensor devices. In this study, the dependence of the piezoelectric properties on the doping concentration in Si:HfO2 thin films and their crystallographic origin are investigated. The Si:HfO2 films with a thickness of 20 nm and various Si doping concentrations in the range of 2.7–5.6 cat.% were examined. The relationship between the piezoelectric displacement and remanent polarization is studied during wake-up from the antiferroelectric-like pristine state until the cycled ferroelectric state, which reveals an application-dependent optimal doping concentration. Furthermore, the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties, as well as the relative permittivity, were measured over wake-up, thus giving a glimpse at the underlying mechanism of the transition from a pristine antiferroelectric-like behavior to a ferroelectric/piezoelectric one, revealing a pre-existing polar phase that is reorienting during wake-up. The studied samples show a strong displacement and polarization dependence on the doping concentration. Hence, the stoichiometry is an excellent parameter for the application-specific adjustment of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible piezoelectric thin films.
Hydrogen atom quantum diffusion in solid parahydrogen: The H + N2O → cis-HNNO → trans-HNNO reaction
Authors: Mutunga Fredrick M. , Olenyik Kelly M. , Strom Aaron I. , Anderson David T.
Published: January 2021

The diffusion and reactivity of hydrogen atoms in solid parahydrogen at temperatures between 1.5 K and 4.3 K are investigated by high-resolution infrared spectroscopy. Hydrogen atoms are produced within solid parahydrogen as the by-products of the 193 nm in situ photolysis of N2O, which induces a two-step tunneling reaction, H + N2O → cis-HNNO → trans-HNNO. The second-order rate constant for the first step to form cis-HNNO is found to be inversely proportional to the N2O concentration after photolysis, indicating that the hydrogen atoms move through solid parahydrogen via quantum diffusion. This reaction only readily occurs at temperatures below 2.8 K, not due to an increased rate constant for the first reaction step at low temperatures but rather due to an increased selectivity to the reaction. The rate constant for the second step of the reaction mechanism involving unimolecular isomerization is shown to be independent of the N2O concentration as expected. The inverse concentration dependence of the rate constant for the reaction step that involves the hydrogen atom demonstrates clearly that quantum diffusion influences the reactivity of the hydrogen atoms in solid parahydrogen, which does not have an analogy in classical reaction kinetics.
Multiplexed electrospray emission on a porous wedge
Authors: Wright Peter L. , Wirz Richard E.
Published: January 2021

Linear porous wedge electrospray emitters exhibit a discrete number of emission sites that naturally form during operation. An analytical model is developed to examine the behavior and spacing of these emission sites via the pressure variation in the porous fluid flow associated with the flow focusing on each emission site, which is coupled with the local electric field. The solution for site spacing and current is informed by empirical results with support from electric field modeling and investigation of porous media parameters. Emission site currents of up to 500 nA and site spacings of roughly 50 µm–300 µm are predicted. Results from the model match well with experimental trends and provide further insights into the current and spacing of the discrete emission sites. These insights include the following: (1) for the investigated geometry, the total current can be estimated without taking into account the effects local to each emission site, (2) the wedge hydraulic resistance shows how the emitter output scales with emitter geometry and propellant properties, and (3) the emitted charge to mass ratio increases with the applied electric field. Last, we present a physical description of how specific charge increases with the restorative pressure from the reservoir.
Fully variational incremental CASSCF
Authors: Dang Duy-Khoi , Zimmerman Paul M.
Published: January 2021

The complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method is a canonical electronic structure theory that holds a central place in conceptualizing and practicing first principles simulations. For application to realistic molecules, however, the CASSCF must be approximated to circumvent its exponentially scaling computational costs. Applying the many-body expansion—also known as the method of increments—to CASSCF (iCASSCF) has been shown to produce a polynomially scaling method that retains much of the accuracy of the parent theory and is capable of treating full valence active spaces. Due to an approximation made in the orbital gradient, the orbital parameters of the original iCASSCF formulation could not be variationally optimized, which limited the accuracy of its nuclear gradient. Herein, a variational iCASSCF is introduced and implemented, where all parameters are fully optimized during energy minimization. This method is able to recover electronic correlations from the full valence space in large systems, produce accurate gradients, and optimize stable geometries as well as transition states. Demonstrations on challenging test cases, such as the oxoMn(salen)Cl complex with 84 electrons in 84 orbitals and the automerization of cyclobutadiene, show that the fully variational iCASSCF is a powerful tool for describing challenging molecular chemistries.
Structural relaxation in quantum supercooled liquids: A mode-coupling approach
Authors: Das Ankita , Rabani Eran , Miyazaki Kunimasa , Harbola Upendra
Published: January 2021

We study supercooled dynamics in a quantum hard-sphere liquid using quantum mode-coupling formulation. In the moderate quantum regime, classical cage effects lead to slower dynamics compared to the strongly quantum regime, where tunneling overcomes classical caging, leading to faster relaxation. As a result, the glass transition critical density can become significantly higher than for the classical liquids. A perturbative approach is used to solve time dependent quantum mode-coupling equations to study in detail the dynamics of the supercooled liquid in the moderate quantum regime. Similar to the classical case, the relaxation time shows the power-law increase with the increase in the density in the supercooled regime. However, the power-law exponent is found to be dependent on the quantumness; it increases linearly as the quantumness is increased in the moderate quantum regime.