bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guided inquiry e construtivismo: novos métodos de aprendizagem e a biblioteca escolar
Authors: Amorim Antunes Maria L , Sirihal Duarte Adriana Bogliolo
Published: August 2016

Em uma realidade cada vez mais caracterizada pela presença da tecnologia, muito se tem refletido sobre os rumos da educação e da biblioteca escolar. Como existe uma estreita vinculação da biblioteca à instituição em que está inserida e hoje a realidade das escolas e de suas bibliotecas opera especificamente na lógica dos nativos digitais, este artigo se propõe a discorrer sobre novos parâmetros de educação, ensino e pesquisa em um contexto educativo pautado pela Internet, dentro da lógica construtivista. Para tanto, descreve-se as peculiaridades de uma instituição privada de ensino de Belo Horizonte (MG), investigada através de métodos etnometodológicos com técnicas de observação e entrevistas, e confronta-se o comportamento informacional de seus alunos com as contribuições de Carol Kuhlthau. Reflete-se sobre a viabilidade de novas propostas de prática bibliotecária e métodos de aprendizagem. Conclui-se que em tempos em que se fala do caráter pedagógico da biblioteca e do bibliotecário-educador as pesquisas se mostram dirigidas cada vez mais para modelos de competência informacional.
O trabalho cooperativo entre bibliotecários e professores para o desenvolvimento da competência em informação: criação de um programa voltado para alunos do ensino médio
Authors: Fonseca Ane , Spudeit Daniela
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho procura investigar como a competência em informação é desenvolvida pelos professores e bibliotecários focando nos serviços realizados em um dos campi do Colégio Pedro II localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva para verificar por meio de entrevistas as atividades conjuntas realizadas pelos professores e bibliotecários na instituição. A partir disso, foi elaborado um programa sistematizado para o desenvolvimento de competências em informação para os alunos do ensino médio com ações e indicadores de avaliação. Dessa forma, acredita-se que seja possível contribuir para a formação integral do aluno por meio de ações que permitam uma reflexão ativa e crítica de sua aprendizagem.
A second record of Knipowitschia byblisia Ahnelt, 2011 (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobiidae) from southwestern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Ahnelt H.
Published: August 2016

Knipowitschia byblisia Ahnelt, 2011 is only known from the single record from the small coastal brackish lake Köycegiz, Turkey.  The present record from a brook in the city of Marmaris (Province Mugla, southwestern Turkey) is the second record of this dwarf goby.  This is the western most record of this species, the first outside of the Köycegiz-Dalyan watershed and the first from fresh waters.
Pollination ecology and fruiting behavior of Pavetta indica L. (Rubiaceae), a keystone shrub species in the southern Eastern Ghats forest, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Raju A.J. Solomon , Rao M. Mallikarjuna , Ramana K. Venkata , Rao C. Prasada , Sulakshana M.
Published: August 2016

Pavetta indica is a massive bloomer for a brief period in May.  The flowers are hermaphroditic, strikingly protandrous, self and cross-compatible, nectariferous and psychophilous.  They possess secondary pollen presentation mechanism as a device to avoid autonomous autogamy but it does not prevent geitonogamy.  The fruit set largely occurs through geitonogamy and xenogamy.  Butterflies, especially papilionids, pierids, nymphalids, and sphingid hawk moth pollinate the flowers while collecting nectar.  Honey bees and blue-banded digger bees feed on pollen and effect only accidental pollination.  The nectar is sucrose-rich and contains essential and non-essential amino acids.  Birds are seed dispersal agents. Seeds are non-dormant and germinate readily during rainy season but their continued growth and establishment is subject to the availability of soil moisture and nutrients.  The plant is not able to populate itself in its natural area.  The local uses of different parts of the plant have been found to be affecting its reproductive success and natural regeneration rate.  Therefore, regulation of the uses of this plant is recommended for its survival and restoration of its population size in the natural areas due to its role as a keystone species for bees and butterflies during dry season.
Range extension of Heliogomphus lyratus Fraser, 1933 (Anisoptera: Gomphidae) with notes on its identification, habits and habitat
Authors: Sumanapala Amila P. , Jayasinghe Himesh D.
Published: August 2016

Heliogomphus lyratus is a Sri Lankan endemic dragonfly.  It is one of the rarest Sri Lankan dragonflies with only three hitherto known localities.  Apart from the faunistic records of the species, nothing much is known of its biology or ecology.  We report five new distribution localities for Heliogomphus lyratus with seven different observations.  All these new localities extend the previously known range of the species.  We also provide some notes on its field identification, habits and habitat based on our field observations.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Smooth Muscle Cells Protects Against Aortic Aneurysms—Brief Report
Authors: Imanishi Masaki , Chiba Yoichi , Tomita Noriko , Matsunaga Shinji , Nakagawa Toshitaka , Ueno Masaki , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Tamaki Toshiaki , Tomita Shuhei
Published: August 2016

Objective—

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of smooth muscle cell–derived hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms.

Approach and Results—

Control mice and smooth muscle cell–specific hypoxia-inducible factor-1α–deficient mice were infused with β-aminopropionitrile for 2 weeks and angiotensin II for 6 weeks to induce aortic aneurysm formation. Mutant mice experienced increased levels of aneurysm formation of the thoracic or abdominal aorta with more severe elastin disruption, compared with control mice. Smooth muscle cell–specific hypoxia-inducible factor-1α deficiency did not affect matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity; however, the activity of lysyl oxidase and the levels of tropoelastin mRNA in the angiotensin II– and β-aminopropionitrile–treated aortae, associated with elastin fiber formation, were suppressed. Furthermore, we observed reduced volumes of mature cross-linked elastin in the thoracoabdominal aorta after treatment with angiotensin II and β-aminopropionitrile.

Conclusions—

Deficiency of smooth muscle cell–derived hypoxia-inducible factor-1α augments aortic aneurysms, accompanied by disruption of elastin fiber formation, but not changes of elastin fiber degradation.
Phylogenetic reassessment of Specklinia and its allied genera in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae)
Authors: KARREMANS ADAM P. , ALBERTAZZI FEDERICO J. , BAKKER FREEK T. , BOGARÍN DIEGO , EURLINGS MARCEL C.M. , PRIDGEON ALEC , PUPULIN FRANCO , GRAVENDEEL BARBARA
Published: August 2016

The phylogenetic relationships within Specklinia (Pleurothallidinae; Orchidaceae) and related genera are re-evaluated using Bayesian analyses of nrITS and chloroplast matK sequence data of a wide sampling of species. Specklinia is found paraphyletic in the DNA based trees, with species alternatively assigned to Muscarella proven distinct, monophyletic and easily recognizable. Specklinia as such includes about 100 morphologically highly diverse species. Their phenotypic differences have prompted the creation of up to eleven generic names within this relatively small group. Here we show not only that these morphologically divergent species are closely related, but also that they can still be recognized by certain conserved morphological traits. The genera Acostaea, Areldia, Empusella, Cucumeria, Gerardoa, Pseudoctomeria, Sarcinula, Sylphia, Tribulago and Tridelta are found embedded within Specklinia, and therefore reduced under the synonymy of the latter. Specklinia is confirmed as sister to a clade that includes Platystele, Scaphosepalum and Teagueia. Five well-supported subgenera are proposed for Specklinia and are characterized both geographically and morphologically. The species belonging to each subgenus are listed. Incaea is synonymized with Dryadella, while Rubellia is reduced under Platystele. New combinations for several species are proposed. The criteria for the generic delimitation of Specklinia and other genera in the Pleurothallidinae are discussed.
Syzygium komatiense (Myrtaceae), a new species from South Africa
Authors: BYNG JAMES W. , PAHLADSINGH FAREIZA R.
Published: August 2016

A new species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae), S. komatiense, is described from the Komatipoort area of Mpumalanga, South Africa. This species is endemic to the Komati River system on the South Africa-Mozambique border and differs from any other species in the region by its combination of terete branchlets, petiole length, often asymmetric or oblique leaf base, few-flowered inflorescence, persistent bracts and bracteoles and pseudostalk absent. Syzygium komatiense is known only from the Komati River and merits the conservation status of Critically Endangered (CR C2a(i, ii); D).
Pseudowuiessa, a new genus of brachypterous Mezirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae) from China
Authors: SHI KAI , BAI XIAOSHUAN , WU ZHIYI , HEISS ERNST , CAI WANZHI
Published: August 2016

A new brachypterous flat bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae) genus and species, Pseudowuiessa producta Bai, Heiss & Cai, gen. nov. & sp. nov., is described from Yunnan, China. A key to related genera is given and the diagnostic characters of the new taxon are illustrated.
Simulated Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Size and Structure to the Atmospheric Temperature Profile
Authors: Stovern Diana R. , Ritchie Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2016

This study uses the WRF ARW to investigate how different atmospheric temperature environments impact the size and structure development of a simulated tropical cyclone (TC). In each simulation, the entire vertical virtual temperature profile is either warmed or cooled in 1°C increments from an initial specified state while the initial relative humidity profile and sea surface temperature are held constant. This alters the initial amount of convective available potential energy (CAPE), specific humidity, and air–sea temperature difference such that, when the simulated atmosphere is cooled (warmed), the initial specific humidity and CAPE decrease (increase), but the surface energy fluxes from the ocean increase (decrease).

It is found that the TCs that form in an initially cooler environment develop larger wind and precipitation fields with more active outer-core rainband formation. Consistent with previous studies, outer-core rainband formation is associated with high surface energy fluxes, which leads to increases in the outer-core wind field. A larger convective field develops despite initializing in a low CAPE environment, and the dynamics are linked to a wider field of surface radial inflow. As the TC matures and radial inflow expands, large imports of relative angular momentum in the boundary layer continue to drive expansion of the TC’s overall size.
Dynamical Downscaling of the Climate for the Hawaiian Islands. Part II: Projection for the Late Twenty-First Century
Authors: Zhang Chunxi , Wang Yuqing , Hamilton Kevin , Lauer Axel
Published: August 2016

A 20-yr simulation with a fine-resolution regional atmospheric model for projected late twenty-first-century conditions in Hawaii is presented. The pseudo-global-warming method is employed, and the boundary conditions are based on a multimodel mean of projections made with global coupled models run with a moderate greenhouse gas emissions scenario. Results show that surface air temperature over land increases ~2°–4°C with the greatest warming at the highest topographic heights. A modest tendency for the warming to be larger on the leeward sides of the major islands is also apparent. Climatological rainfall is projected to change up to ~25% at many locations. The currently wet windward sides of the major islands will have more clouds and receive more rainfall, while the currently dry leeward sides will generally have even less clouds and rainfall. The average trade wind inversion–base height and the mean marine boundary layer cloud heights are projected to exhibit only small changes. However, the frequency of days with clearly defined trade wind inversions is predicted to increase substantially (~83% to ~91%). The extreme rainfall events are projected to increase significantly. An analysis of the model’s moisture budget in the lower troposphere shows that the increased mean rainfall on the windward sides of the islands is largely attributable to increased boundary layer moisture in the warmer climate. Rainfall changes attributable to mean low-level circulation changes are modest in comparison.
The Large-Scale Ocean Dynamical Effect on Uncertainty in the Tropical Pacific SST Warming Pattern in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Ying Jun , Huang Ping
Published: August 2016

This study investigates how intermodel differences in large-scale ocean dynamics affect the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) warming (TPSW) pattern under global warming, as projected by 32 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The largest cause of intermodel TPSW differences is related to the cloud–radiation feedback. After removing the effect of cloud–radiation feedback, the authors find that differences in ocean advection play the next largest role, explaining around 14% of the total intermodel variance in TPSW. Of particular importance are differences in climatological zonal overturning circulation among the models. With the robust enhancement of ocean stratification across models, models with relatively strong climatological upwelling tend to have relatively weak SST warming in the eastern Pacific. Meanwhile, the pronounced intermodel differences in ocean overturning changes contribute little to uncertainty in the TPSW pattern. The intermodel differences in climatological zonal overturning are found to be associated with the intermodel spread in climatological SST. In most CMIP5 models, there is a common cold tongue associated with an overly strong overturning in the climatology simulation, implying a La Niña–like bias in the TPSW pattern projected by the MME of the CMIP5 models. This provides further evidence for the projection that the TPSW pattern should be closer to an El Niño–like pattern than the MME projection.
Building a Multimodel Flood Prediction System with the TIGGE Archive
Authors: Zsótér Ervin , Pappenberger Florian , Smith Paul , Emerton Rebecca Elizabeth , Dutra Emanuel , Wetterhall Fredrik , Richardson David , Bogner Konrad , Balsamo Gianpaolo
Published: August 2016

In the last decade operational probabilistic ensemble flood forecasts have become common in supporting decision-making processes leading to risk reduction. Ensemble forecasts can assess uncertainty, but they are limited to the uncertainty in a specific modeling system. Many of the current operational flood prediction systems use a multimodel approach to better represent the uncertainty arising from insufficient model structure. This study presents a multimodel approach to building a global flood prediction system using multiple atmospheric reanalysis datasets for river initial conditions and multiple TIGGE forcing inputs to the ECMWF land surface model. A sensitivity study is carried out to clarify the effect of using archive ensemble meteorological predictions and uncoupled land surface models. The probabilistic discharge forecasts derived from the different atmospheric models are compared with those from the multimodel combination. The potential for further improving forecast skill by bias correction and Bayesian model averaging is examined. The results show that the impact of the different TIGGE input variables in the HTESSEL/Catchment-Based Macroscale Floodplain model (CaMa-Flood) setup is rather limited other than for precipitation. This provides a sufficient basis for evaluation of the multimodel discharge predictions. The results also highlight that the three applied reanalysis datasets have different error characteristics that allow for large potential gains with a multimodel combination. It is shown that large improvements to the forecast performance for all models can be achieved through appropriate statistical postprocessing (bias and spread correction). A simple multimodel combination generally improves the forecasts, while a more advanced combination using Bayesian model averaging provides further benefits.
Incorporating the creative subject: Branding outside–in through identity incentives
Authors: Endrissat Nada , Kärreman Dan , Noppeney Claus
Published: August 2016

This article explores the intersection of branding, identity and control. It develops the notion of identity-incentive branding and links research on the collective-associative construction of occupational identities with work on identity incentives as an engaging form of control. Empirically, we draw on a case study of a North American grocery chain that is known for employing art-school graduates and other creative talents in creative (store artist) and non-creative shop-floor positions. The study shows that the brand is partly built outside–in through association with employees who embody brand-relevant characteristics in their identities and lifestyles. In return, those employees receive identity opportunities to validate their desired sense of self as ‘creative subject’. We discuss the dual nature of identity-incentive branding as neo-normative control and outline its implications for the organization and the employees.
Local Politics of Xenophobia
Authors: Blaser Mapitsa Caitlin
Published: August 2016

Drawing on research from five peri-urban sites across South Africa on how local government is responding to mobility, this research explores how xenophobia is being produced by local governance processes and structures. Building a better understanding of the mechanisms of exclusion in local government is essential not only for planning interventions that may strengthen democracy, but to understand how the daily practices of local government can promote, or undermine democracy.
Sensory Processing Sensitivity
Authors: Listou Grimen Hanne , Diseth Åge
Published: August 2016

The aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure of a Norwegian version of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) and to investigate how sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is related to personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and openness and to subjective health complaints (SHC) in a sample of 167 undergraduate psychology students. The results showed that the variance in a shortened version of the HSPS was best described by three separate factors: ease of excitation (EOE), aesthetic sensitivity (AES), and low sensory threshold (LST). Furthermore, the result showed than an overall SPS factor (EOE, LST, and AES combined) was predicted positively by neuroticism and openness and negatively by extraversion. With respect to SHC, the results showed that EOE and LST were positively associated with psychological health complaints. However, the personality trait of neuroticism contributed more than the SPS factors as predictor of SHC. In conclusion, the present study supported a shortened version of the HSPS and its relation to personality factors and SHC.
Differential views of the police
Authors: Boateng Francis D , Lu Ruibin
Published: August 2016

This paper examines citizens’ attitudes toward the police by testing the effect of relational ties. Using data collected from Ghana, the study tests specific hypotheses about the influence of relational ties. The results indicate no significant effect of relational ties on attitudes toward the police. Among the three types of relational ties examined, results indicate that people directly related to officers view the police more favourably than those indirectly related to officers and those who have both direct and indirect relationships. The results further revealed several factors that influence the views of individuals related to officers and those unrelated.
Non-linear cellular automata based edge detector for optical character images
Authors: Nayak Deepak R , Dash Ratnakar , Majhi Banshidhar , Mohammed Jahangir
Published: August 2016

Design of parallel algorithms for edge detection is extremely important for image analysis and understanding. Cellular automata are the most common and simple models of parallel computation and over the last decade, numerous cellular automata techniques have already been proposed. This paper presents a novel method for edge detection of optical character images based on a variant of cellular automata, called non-linear cellular automata. The method consists of three stages and each stage is simple to understand and implement. A standard binarization technique is applied to a grayscale image and boundary conditions are added to the resultant image. Finally, non-linear cellular automata rules are designed and applied simultaneously to all pixels of the image. The suggested scheme has been validated on optical characters (handwritten as well as printed) of different languages. Furthermore, results are compared with standard edge detection techniques in terms of different performance parameters like entropy, kappa values, true positives, false negatives, etc. It is observed that the suggested scheme is superior to other standard schemes. Hence, the scheme has the potential application for character recognition.
Representing Racial Identity
Authors: Brown Bryan A. , Mangram Charmaine , Sun Kathy , Cross Keith , Raab Erin
Published: August 2016

The challenge of opening the doors to science has been a topic of debate for many years. This content analysis study documented an urban school’s attempt to use representational practices to promote positive science identities for African American boys. Our analysis revealed how the school attempted to offer connections between ethnic identity and achievement ideology through representational practices. Whether it was posting the names of famous African American male scientists or promoting attendance to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), the school used postings, displays, and interior pictures to communicate a positive science identity. The study highlights the need to promote non-stereotypical science identities for students.
Performance enhancement of the synchronous micropump based on experimental and numerical investigations of the magnetic field flux density in planar microcoils
Authors: Matar Maher , Al-Halhouli Ala’aldeen , Dietzel Andreas , Büttgenbach Stephanus
Published: August 2016

This study presents numerical and experimental investigations targeting enhancing the magnetic field flux magnitudes in electroplated copper microcoils. Improved designs are used in the development of a new generation of the electromagnetic-based synchronous micropump in order to enhance its performance (i.e. the maximum achievable output pressure and flow rate). The synchronous micropump concept is based on managing the movement of two magnets in an annular fluidic channel. The magnets’ rotation is achieved by sequentially activating a set of three-dimensional microcoils to repel or attract one magnet (travelling piston) through the channel, whereas the second one is anchored between the inlet and the outlet ports (valve piston). At the end of each pumping cycle, the magnets exchange their functions. To achieve the maximum achievable output pressure and flow rate, higher magnetic fields without exceeding the material temperature limitation are required. The stronger the magnetic fields that can be generated, the higher the hydraulic power that the pump can deliver. The microcoil conductor width and height were optimized to generate higher magnetic field flux intensity within the pump limitation parameters (i.e. pump footprint and coils’ maximum heat dissipation limit). The new generation of the synchronous pump was run at a rotational speed of up to 800 rpm and provided a maximum flow rate of 3.56 ml/min and a maximum pressure head of 687 Pa.
A novel finite-time average consensus protocol for multi-agent systems with switching topology
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Li Juelong , Xing Jianchun , Wang Ronghao , Xie Liqiang , Zhang Xiaocheng
Published: August 2016

Multi-agent consensus has been widely applied in engineering. A novel protocol that can achieve an average state consensus for multi-agent systems in finite time is presented in this paper. The proposed protocol contains a non-linear and a linear term. The state consensus is achieved in finite time by the non-linear term and convergence performance is improved by the linear term to some degree. The protocol can be applied to systems with a switching topology as long as the communication graph is always undirected and connected. The upper bound of convergence time is obtained. The relationship between convergence time and protocol parameter, communication topology and initial state is analysed. Lastly, simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the results.
Online identification of non-linear dynamic systems by Wiener model using subspace method and neural networks
Authors: Sadeghi Mohsen , Farrokhi Mohammad
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a method for online identification of non-linear dynamic systems using the Wiener model. For the linear dynamic part the subspace identification method with the multivariable output-error state-space algorithm is employed, whereas for the non-linear static part the multi-layer perceptron neural network with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used. The stability and convergence of the proposed method is shown using the Lyapunov direct method and the region solution of the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. The proposed method is tested by simulations performed on the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) plant, which is presented by non-linear differential equations. Moreover, the method is applied on the input–output data that are obtained from a practical system of the CSTR plant as well as the pH neutralization plant. The results show significant improvements in online identification of the non-linear dynamic systems compared with the recently reported methods in literature.
Equivalent two-phase mutual inductance model and measurement algorithm of three-phase bearingless motor
Authors: Bu Wenshao , Zhang Xiaofeng , Qiao Yanke , Li Ziyuang , Zhang Haitao
Published: August 2016

For a bearingless motor that has two sets of stator windings, i.e. torque windings and suspension windings, the mutual inductance between the two sets of stator windings is a critical parameter; it is the basis of displacement sensorless control technology. Aiming at a three-phase bearingless motor, the equivalent two-phase mutual inductance model between two sets of stator windings is deduced. Then, based on the mutual inductance measurement method of a simple two-phase bearingless motor, a novel measurement algorithm of the equivalent two-phase mutual inductance is proposed, and the proposed measurement algorithm is applicable for a three-phase bearingless motor. Finally, based on a three-phase bearingless induction prototype motor, the experimental measurement of the equivalent two-phase mutual inductance is carried out. From the experimental results, it is clear that within the limited radial eccentricity of the rotor, the measured value of the equivalent two-phase mutual inductance is approximately proportional to the radial displacement of the rotor, and the correction coefficient kc of the equivalent two-phase mutual inductance model is derived; the consistency between measured and calculated values has verified the validities of the equivalent two-phase mutual inductance model and the proposed measurement algorithm from one instance. Thus, the theory foundation has been laid for research on the displacement sensorless vector control technology of a three-phase bearingless motor.
Heterogeneous incidence and propagation of spreading depolarizations
Authors: Kaufmann Dan , Theriot Jeremy J , Zyuzin Jekaterina , Service C Austin , Chang Joshua C , Tang Y Tanye , Bogdanov Vladimir B , Multon Sylvie , Schoenen Jean , Ju Y Sungtaek , Brennan KC
Published: August 2016

Spreading depolarizations are implicated in a diverse set of neurologic diseases. They are unusual forms of nervous system activity in that they propagate very slowly and approximately concentrically, apparently not respecting the anatomic, synaptic, functional, or vascular architecture of the brain. However, there is evidence that spreading depolarizations are not truly concentric, isotropic, or homogeneous, either in space or in time. Here we present evidence from KCl-induced spreading depolarizations, in mouse and rat, in vivo and in vitro, showing the great variability that these depolarizations can exhibit. This variability can help inform the mechanistic understanding of spreading depolarizations, and it has implications for their phenomenology in neurologic disease.
Developing and Validating a Theater Experience Scale
Authors: Chan Mei Ki , Au Wing Tung ,   Hong Kong Repertory Theatre,   Chung Ying Theatre Company
Published: August 2016

Based on interviews with professional theater practitioners that suggested five components of theater experiences, namely, cognition, emotion, sensation, authenticity, and coherence, we developed and validated a Theater Experience Scale on a sample of 2,359 audience members in 17 productions. Cognition is the extent to which a performance is comprehensible yet provides cognitive challenges and inspiration. Emotion is the experience of engagement, emotional release and resonance, and surprise. Sensation concerns physiological and sensory stimulations and experiencing aesthetic pleasure. Authenticity is the extent to which performers are believed to be sincere and true in staging and performing the play. Coherence is about ensemble and integration between different theatrical elements. Cross-validation using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a 24-item scale for measuring these five factors. We also found that cognition, emotion, sensation, authenticity, and coherence were all significantly correlated with the audience’ overall enjoyment, as indicated by their likelihood to recommend the play to their family and friends.
A best space for assisted wheelchair users
Authors: Abraham Brian , Davidson Rob I
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Occupational therapists lack manual-handling sensitive tools to assist individual adaptation specifications for assisted wheelchair users, for example, corridor-room turns for extra-long wheelchairs.

Method

Engineering-based methods identified an experimental set-up. This provided a useful representation of possible manoeuvres in five tasks and proposed a turn difficulty order. Experienced wheelchair assistants ( n = 22) selected their maximum comfortable wheelchair weight for each turn.

Results

Some participants (3/22) were insensitive to turning-space but all other participants (19/22) chose their lowest maximum comfortable weight for the tightest turning-space and 17/19 chose their highest weights for space permitting a slow turn. Mean percentage weight increased by 30% from tight to slow turning-space. Results are statistically significant and clinically important. Experimental set-up was similar to assisting in confined spaces; participants were experienced in working in spacious environments and had recent manual-handling training so results are supported by good manual-handling practice. Assistant-size impact on easiest (highest weight) turning-space is small. Results are applicable to all floor coverings and wheelchair sizes but not to self-propelling wheelchair users. Results are incorporated into a tool, demonstrated by case study.

Conclusion

Tool-use specifies a best adaptation.
International Meniscus Reconstruction Experts Forum (IMREF) 2015 Consensus Statement on the Practice of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Getgood Alan , LaPrade Robert F. , Verdonk Peter , Gersoff Wayne , Cole Brian , Spalding Tim ,   the IMREF Group, Amendola Annunziato , Amis Andrew , Bin Seong-Il , Bugbee William , Caborn David , Carter Tom , Chan Kai-Ming , Cohen Camila , Cohen Moises , Condello Vincenzo , DeBerardino Tom , Dirisamer Florian , Engebretsen Lars , Farr Jack , Gomoll Andreas , Harner Chris , Heard Mark , Hiemstra Laurie , Kim Jin Goo , Kim J.M. , Kim Jong-Min , Kon Elizaveta , Laggae Koen , Lee Bum-Sik , Litchfield Robert , Marcacci Maurillio , McCormack Robert , McDermott Ian , Monlau Juan C. , Myers Peter , Noyes Frank , Patsch Christian , Robinson James , Rodeo Scott , Seo Seung-Suk , Sherman Seth , Siebold Rainer , Snow Martyn , Stone Kevin , Tashman Scott , Thompson Peter , van Arkel Ewoud , van der Merwe Willem , Verdonk Rene , Williams Andy , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: August 2016

Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has become relatively commonplace in specialized sport medicine practice for the treatment of patients with a symptomatic knee after the loss of a functional meniscus. The technique has evolved since the 1980s, and long-term results continue to improve. However, there still remains significant variation in how MAT is performed, and as such, there remains opportunity for outcome and graft survivorship to be optimized. The purpose of this article was to develop a consensus statement on the practice of MAT from key opinion leaders who are members of the International Meniscus Reconstruction Experts Forum so that a more standardized approach to the indications, surgical technique, and postoperative care could be outlined with the goal of ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Pullout Fixation of Posterior Medial Meniscus Root Tears: Correlation Between Meniscus Extrusion and Midterm Clinical Results
Authors: Chung Kyu Sung , Ha Jeong Ku , Ra Ho Jong , Nam Gun Woo , Kim Jin Goo
Published: August 2016

Background:

Medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) lead to extrusion of the meniscus during weightbearing as well as loss of the ability of the meniscus to generate hoop stress. This loss of load-sharing ability leads to progressive arthritic changes. However, there have been no studies that correlate the correction of meniscus extrusion with clinical outcomes.

Hypothesis:

Decreased meniscus extrusion is associated with better clinical and radiographic outcomes compared with increased meniscus extrusion after MMPRT pullout fixation.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 39 patients who underwent MMPRT pullout fixation and had been observed for more than 5 years were recruited for this study. The mean follow-up period was 69.8 months. Participants were categorized into 2 groups according to the direction of meniscus extrusion: group A (increased extrusion; 23 patients) and group B (decreased extrusion; 16 patients). Meniscus extrusion was assessed in the coronal plane on magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. The postoperative clinical outcomes (Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] scores) and radiographic results (Kellgren-Lawrence [K-L] grade and medial joint space) were compared between groups.

Results:

Meniscus extrusion in group A increased significantly from a mean (±SD) of 3.5 ± 0.9 mm preoperatively to 5.1 ± 1.4 mm at 1 year postoperatively ( P < .001), whereas in group B, it decreased significantly from 4.1 ± 1.3 mm preoperatively to 3.5 ± 1.4 mm at 1 year postoperatively ( P < .001). The K-L arthritis grade (0/1/2/3/4) significantly progressed in group A (from 2/12/9/0/0 preoperatively to 0/1/14/8/0 postoperatively, respectively; P = .009) but not in group B (from 1/11/4/0/0 preoperatively to 0/6/8/2/0 postoperatively, respectively; P = .274). The mean final Lysholm and IKDC scores in group B (88.1 ± 12.1 and 79.0 ± 11.4, respectively) were significantly better than those in group A (81.0 ± 9.0 and 71.1 ± 7.8, respectively) ( P < .05). There was less medial joint space narrowing at final follow-up in group B (0.6 ± 0.8 mm) than in group A (1.1 ± 0.6 mm) ( P = .015). Progression of the K-L arthritis grade was seen in 50% (8/16) of the patients in group B compared with 87% (20/23) of the patients in group A ( P = .027).

Conclusion:

The current study demonstrates that in patients with MMPRTs, pullout fixation leads to favorable midterm outcomes, regardless of meniscus extrusion at 1-year follow-up. However, patients with decreased meniscus extrusion at postoperative 1 year have more favorable clinical scores and radiographic findings at midterm follow-up than those with increased extrusion at 1 year. This study indicates that one of the main goals of the repair of MMPRTs is to reduce meniscus extrusion as much as possible.
Tensile strength prediction of needle-punched carbon/carbon composites
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Zhou Chuwei
Published: August 2016

A method to predict the tensile strength of needle-punched carbon/carbon composites is elaborated in this paper. Based on the geometric characters gained by using optical microscope, the structures of the material can be classified as five typical unit cells, which can reflect the mutual alignment relationship of planar fiber tows and needle fiber tows. With the elliptical inclusion theory and Puck’s strength criterion, the stress–strain curves and progressive damages of these five unit cells are obtained. Based on these results, the mechanical behavior of needle-punched carbon/carbon composites under tensile loading can be predicted. It is found that the predictions of the composite under unidirectional tensile loading agree well with the experimental data.
Cultivating a Community of Effective Special Education Teachers
Authors: Bettini Elizabeth , Benedict Amber , Thomas Rachel , Kimerling Jenna , Choi Nari , McLeskey James
Published: August 2016

Evidence of the powerful impact teachers have on student achievement has led to an intensive focus on cultivating effective teachers, including special education teachers (SETs). Local special education administrators (LSEAs) share responsibility for cultivating effective SETs throughout their districts. However, the roles LSEAs play in this process have not been clearly defined through research. This qualitative investigation used grounded theory methods to examine how LSEAs in the Victoria School District, a high-performing, inclusive district, described their roles cultivating a district-wide community of effective SETs. The findings have implications for districts’ efforts to cultivate effective SETs systemically and for future research on effective district-level leadership for special education.
Religious Affiliation, Religiosity, Gender, and Rape Myth Acceptance: Feminist Theory and Rape Culture
Authors: Barnett Michael D. , Sligar Kylie B. , Wang Chiachih D. C.
Published: August 2016

Rape myths are false beliefs about rape, rape victims, and rapists, often prejudicial and stereotypical. Guided by feminist theory and available empirical research, this study aimed to examine the influences of gender, religious affiliation, and religiosity on rape myth acceptance of U.S. emerging adults. A sample of 653 university students aged 18 to 30 years were recruited from a large public university in the southern United States to complete the research questionnaires. Results indicated that individuals who identified as Roman Catholic or Protestant endorsed higher levels of rape myth acceptance than their atheist or agnostic counterparts. Men were found more likely to ascribe to rape myths than their female counterparts. Religiosity was positively associated with rape myth acceptance, even after controlling the effect of conservative political ideology. No significant interaction was found between gender and religious affiliation or gender and religiosity. Limitations, future research directions, and implications of the findings are discussed from the perspective of feminist theory.
Visual Representation in Mathematics: Special Education Teachers’ Knowledge and Emphasis for Instruction
Authors: van Garderen Delinda , Scheuermann Amy , Poch Apryl , Murray Mary M.
Published: August 2016

The use of visual representations (VRs) in mathematics is a strongly recommended practice in special education. Although recommended, little is known about special educators’ knowledge of and instructional emphasis about VRs. Therefore, in this study, the authors examined special educators’ own knowledge of and their instructional emphasis with VRs in mathematics for students with disabilities (SWDs) in Grades K-12. A total of 146 teachers (pre- and in-service) responded to an online survey. A mixed methods triangulation research design was utilized. Findings include the following: (a) teachers hold conceptions about VRs and the roles they serve in problem solving; their ideas, however, lack depth and are narrow in perspective; (b) what teachers emphasize about VRs to SWDs tends to match their own conceptions, but the explanations they provide for SWDs need expanding and refinement; and (c) given their narrow conceptions, VRs may be limited to a peripheral role in special educators’ instruction.
The Affordances and Constraints of Special Education Initial Teacher Licensure Policy for Teacher Preparation
Authors: Blanton Linda P. , Boveda Mildred , Munoz Lorena R. , Pugach Marleen C.
Published: August 2016

Initial licensure polices in special education were examined to determine how these policies support or hinder reform efforts to develop teacher education programs that prepare graduates for the increasingly complex needs of diverse students. Initial special education licensure policies are described with an emphasis on the differences across states on two key options: whether licensure for special education teachers is a stand-alone initial license or whether the state requires a general education license prior to obtaining a second license in special education. As the field grapples with how best to prepare both general and special education teachers who can teach to high standards for students with disabilities, the influence of these options is examined in relation to four contemporary issues facing special education and the trade-offs that accrue when a particular licensure option is adopted.
Effects of Immediate Feedback Using Bug-in-Ear With Paraeducators Working With Students With Autism
Authors: Scheeler Mary Catherine , Morano Stephanie , Lee David L.
Published: August 2016

In today’s autistic-support classrooms, paraeducators are tasked with working with our neediest students yet report that they are unprepared for their roles despite attempts at training. The special education teachers who are tasked with coaching and supervising several paraeducators at a time in their classrooms report that they too are unprepared to work with paraeducators in this capacity. In this study, the authors examine the effects of the special education teacher providing immediate feedback via bug-in-ear to the paraeducator on increasing a specific teaching behavior, providing contingent specific praise. Two special education teachers and four paraeducators working in two separate autistic-support classrooms participated in the multiple-baseline across participants study. When immediate feedback from the teacher was introduced in the intervention condition, percentage of occurrences of contingent specific praise increased for all paraeducators and continued at high levels even when the intervention was faded. Rate of occurrences also increased. In addition, the special education teachers and paraeducators all rated the intervention as a beneficial technique they liked using and found motivating and helpful. Implications for classroom use are discussed.
Factors Influencing Parent Reports of Facilitators and Barriers to Human Milk Supply in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Alves Elisabete , Magano Raquel , Amorim Mariana , Nogueira Conceição , Silva Susana
Published: August 2016

Background:

Successful human milk supply in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) requires the development of family-centered services.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess parent perceptions of factors that help or hinder providing human milk to very preterm infants (VPI) in the NICU according to sociodemographic, reproductive, and obstetric characteristics.

Methods:

This cross-sectional quantitative study included 120 mothers and 91 fathers of VPI hospitalized in a level 3 NICU located in the Northern Health Region of Portugal (July 2013-June 2014). Interviewers administered structured questionnaires regarding parent characteristics and the provision and perception of factors that help or hinder human milk supply in the NICU, 15 to 22 days after birth.

Results:

The main facilitators of human milk supply were its contribution to infant growth and well-being (51.4%) and parents’ knowledge of breastfeeding benefits (27.6%). The main barriers were worries related to inadequate milk supply (35.7%), difficulties with expressing breast milk (24.8%), and physical separation from infants (24.3%). Fathers referred less frequently to the contribution of human milk to infant growth and well-being (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-1.00) but more frequently to knowledge of breastfeeding benefits as facilitators (OR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.23-4.32). Participants with > 12 years of education (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.05-3.47) and those with an extremely low birth weight infant (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.02-3.54) highlighted worries related to inadequate milk supply. Fathers (OR = 2.16; 95% CI, 1.11-4.19) and participants with ≤ 12 years of education (OR = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11-0.57) more frequently reported difficulties with expressing as the main barrier.

Conclusion:

The parent’s gender and education and the infant’s birth weight are crucial considerations for establishing optimal practices for supporting breastfeeding.
Optimum placement of shape memory alloy wire actuator
Authors: Karmakar Saptarshi , Kalita Nripen , Banerjee Atanu
Published: August 2016

Shape memory alloy wire actuators can be used in combination with compliant structures to attain desired force and displacement capabilities. The wires can be placed inside a matrix, as in composite, or outside the material connected at different points on the structure. In the latter case, the offset of the wire and the location of the points decides the overall deformation of the structure. In this article we study the effects of offset distance, and the number of points, called attachments, where the shape memory alloy wire is connected to a host beam. First the characteristic curve of the shape memory alloy wire actuator is derived from a constrained recovery model. Then the response of a beam model, undergoing large deflection due to follower forces, is superposed with the characteristic curve to obtain the maximum beam deformation. It is found that there exists a particular offset, called optimum offset, for which the deformation of the host is maximum. Moreover, the ratio of stress and change in strain in the shape memory alloy corresponding to the optimum offset, attains a particular value, irrespective of the flexural rigidities of the beam. Furthermore, it has been observed that for a set of beams that have flexural rigidity less than a particular value, the deformation increases with number of attachments. However, for the beams that have flexural rigidity more than that particular value, the deformation remains almost unaltered with number of attachments. These numerical results are also supported qualitatively by the experimental observations.