bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphogenesis of Light and Electron Microscopic Lesions in Porcine GM2-Gangliosidosis
Authors: Kosanke S. D. , Pierce K. R. , Read W. K.
Published: August 2017

The neurons and glial cells of 1- to 140-day-old pigs with GM2-gangliosidosis had membranous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. These bodies appeared as small vacuolated cytoplasmic structures in paraffin-embedded, hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and as solid, dark, round granules in 1-micrometer sections embedded in plastic and stained with toluidine blue. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies appeared as round, dense structures from 0.6 to 1.2 micrometers in diameter, that were filled with various amounts of small to large arrays of membranous lamellae. The cortical neuronal inclusions were seen initially as lysosomes containing a small amount of particulate material. The appearance of these inclusions changed as they progressed through different configurational stages. Inclusions resembled the granulomembranous body, the zebra body, possibly other intermediate forms and, finally, the classical membranous cytoplasmic body. The cytoplasmic inclusions in glial cells resembled membranovesicular bodies and, although also of apparent lysosomal origin, were morphologically different from the neuronal inclusions. The morphologic lesions in the neurons and glial cells of the affected pigs were similar to those described for human gangliosidoses.
Pathology of Proliferative Haemorrhagic Enteropathy in Pigs
Authors: Love D. N. , Love R. J.
Published: August 2017

Examination of the small intestine of pigs with proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy showed changes consistent with defects in vascular permeability. Early in the disease there were many eosinophils and distention of lacteals and intercellular spaces with proteinaceous material. Later the predominant features were red blood cells and exudate in tissue spaces. This was most severe and extensive at the tips of villi which were covered by a cast of cells and fibrinous exudate. Adenomatous intestinal mucosal cells contained organisms that were free within the apical cytoplasm and were morphologically identical with those seen in the related disease, porcine intestinal adenomatosis. Also these bacteria were seen free in the subepithelial mucosal area, in blood vessels and within membrane-bound vesicles in phagocytic cells in the mucosa and its blood vessels. Mast cells were prominent in some areas as were thrombosed vessels.
Bovine Nasal Granuloma: Gross Microscopic Lesions
Authors: Carbonell P. L.
Published: August 2017

The anterior nasal mucosa of 21 cattle had small closely-packed polypoid nodules. These had a distribution pattern similar to that of inhaled particles. Acute inflammatory changes consisting of eosinophil infiltration, mast cell and globule leucocyte hyperplasia, and oedema were frequent in the epithelium, terminal gland ducts and adjacent lamina propria. Epithelium over nodules was metaplastic to non-keratinising stratified squamous, whilst epithelium of terminal gland ducts was metaplastic to mucus-secreting pseudostratified columnar. Focal accumulation of granulation tissue between gland ducts caused herniations of the superficial lamina propria to form the nodules.
Spontaneous Cryptosporidiosis in an Adult Female Rabbit
Authors: Inman L. R. , Takeuchi A.
Published: August 2017

An asymptomatic adult female rabbit had intestinal cryptosporidiosis. The ileum had blunted villi, a decrease in villus-crypt ratio and a mild edema in the lamina propria. Transmission electron microscopy showed the parasite to be a Cryptosporidium similar to those reported in mouse, guinea pig, lamb, calf, horse, monkey and man. This organism is referred to as Cryptosporidium cuniculus. Scanning electron microscopy on ileal mucosa showed altered intestinal microvilli in the attachment of the cryptosporidia. It is postulated that the organism was enveloped by the microvilli of the ileal epithelial cells which then fused and formed a continuous double membrane around the parasite.
Functional Morphology of Spontaneous Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Lesions in the Canine Pituitary Gland
Authors: Etreby M. F. El , Müller-Peddinghaus R. , Bhargava A. S. , Trautwein G.
Published: August 2017

The pituitary glands of 10 male and 29 female dogs of different breeds had diffuse hyperplasia and hypertrophy of growth hormone or prolactin cells. Immunoreactive adrenocorticotrophin/melanotrophin was in the frequent focal hyperplastic lesions and micro-and macroadenomas of both pars distalis and pars intermedia of old female dogs. Pituitary tumours of other functional cell types were not found. Focal hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions usually were accompanied by spontaneous nodular hyperplasia or adenomas of the adrenal cortex as well as by changes in serum adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol levels.
Type I Fiber Atrophy in the Vastus Lateralis Muscle in Dogs with Femoral Fractures Treated by Hyperextension
Authors: Braund K. G. , Shires P. K. , Mikeal R. L.
Published: August 2017

A syndrome characterized by limb hyperextension, generalized muscle atrophy, abducted gait, and a limited range of joint motion is reported in five dogs, four of which were immature. Distal femoral fractures, of traumatic origin, were found in all dogs; four dogs were subjected to limb immobilization in extension for three to seven weeks. Lesions in muscle biopsies included fiber size variability, increased prominence of subsarcolemmal nuclei, increased perimysial fibrosis and focal necrosis. Histochemical and morphometric studies demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05), Type I fiber atrophy in the vastus lateralis muscles in the limbs with femoral fractures treated by hyperextension. The shortest time period between onset of fracture and the presence of type I fiber atrophy was seven weeks.
Multiple Beta Cell Neoplasms in a Polar Bear: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Alroy J. , Baldwin D. , Maschgan E. R.
Published: August 2017

A 25-year-old polar bear had multiple pancreatic islet cell adenomas and carcinomas. Special staining and immunohistochemical techniques showed the neoplasms to be of beta cell origin. An association between excessive carbohydrate diet and the multiple beta cell neoplasms is suggested.
Morphological Studies of Front Limb Deformities in Lambs
Authors: Uhthoff H. K. , Liskova-Kiar M. , Hidiroglou M.
Published: August 2017

Long bones of 17 3- to 6-month-old lambs with bowed forelimbs underwent radiologic, microradiographic and histologic examinations. The distal ends of the radii showed a combination of valgus, flexion and internal rotation. There were thin cortical bone and large marrow cavity adjacent to the growth plate in the radii and metacarpi. Histological studies showed increased numbers of osteoclasts adjacent to the zone of calcified cartilage of the growth plate. The trabeculae of primary and secondary spongiosa were fewer and thinner than those of controls. The length of secondary spongiosa was greatly reduced and the lateral compaction of the metaphysis was defective. The growth plate was normal. The predominant finding was osteoporosis resulting from increased osteoclastic resorption of bone trabeculae.
Hypothyroid Myopathy in Two Dogs
Authors: Braund K. G. , Dillon A. R. , August J. R. , Ganjam V. K.
Published: August 2017

Biopsy specimens of skeletal muscle and peripheral nerve from two dogs with primary hypothyroidism but without clinical neuromuscular disease were studied with histological, histochemical and morphometric techniques. The most prominent change in skeletal muscle was variation in fiber size associated with a pronounced reduction in mean diameter of type II fibers. Type II fiber loss was apparent in the specimen from one dog. No histological or morphometric differences were noted in nerves from either dog compared with an age-matched control. The myopathic findings suggest a preferential metabolic defect in type II muscle fibers.
Common Occurrence of Urethral Cysts in Older Female Ranch Mink
Authors: Hadlow W. J. , Race R. E.
Published: August 2017

Cysts were found often in the proximal urethra of female sapphire and pastel mink, Mustela vison, examined at necropsy during studies on slow viral diseases. Their prevalence, the same in both color phases, was age-dependent. They occurred in less than 2% of females under 2 years old but in more than 60% of those over 7 years old. The cysts varied from ovoid vesicles 3 to 4 mm long to multilocular masses 10 to 15 mm across that greatly distended the proximal urethra and sometimes occluded it. Small cysts were not accompanied by clinical signs, but large ones often caused persistent urinary incontinence and occasionally, urine retention. The cysts contained fluid that varied from water-clear to dull yellow. They arose by expansion of small urethral glands normally present in female mink and destroyed much of the urethral wall by pressure atrophy. Although the cysts became larger and more prevalent as the mink aged, the stimulus that caused them to form was not apparent. They appear to have no counterpart in other animals.
Nonhematopoietic Gastrointestinal Neoplasia in Cats: A Retrospective Study of 44 Cases
Authors: Turk M. A. M. , Gallina A. M. , Russell T. S.
Published: August 2017

Gastrointestinal neoplasms other than lymphosarcomas and mast cell tumors were diagnosed in 44 cats during a 14-year period at the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. All the tumors were malignant; 31 metastasized or recurred. One cat had fibrosarcoma; another, leiomyosarcoma. The other 42 cats had adenocarcinomas, which were subclassified into three histologic patterns: tubular adenocarcinoma; undifferentiated carcinoma; and mucinous adenocarcinoma. The cats averaged 10.6 years of age. There was no sex predisposition. Siamese cats had a higher frequency of adenocarcinomas than other breeds. Osseous and chondroid metaplasia occurred in nine adenocarcinomas.
Pathology of Experimental Vitamin D Deficiency in Chickens and Effects of Treatment with Vitamin D Metabolites
Authors: Cheville N. F. , Horst R. L.
Published: August 2017

Structural changes in bone, parathyroid, and ultimobranchial body were examined in three groups of chicks fed a vitamin D-deficient diet; one group was treated with vitamin D3 and another with 1,25(OH)2D3. Diets were fed from day of hatching until 5 weeks old, when deficient chicks were near death due to hypocalcemic tetany, loss of fat and muscle, and marked bone deformities. In deficient chicks, parathyroid mass increased linearly to 7.5 times normal at 5 weeks. Parathyroid cells were irregular and vacuolated, with few granules. Vitamin D3 treatment (daily from hatching) prevented these changes. Chicks treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 had normal parathyroids until the fifth week, when parathyroid mass increased greatly. There were few differences in length of growth cartilage, but marked changes in length of metaphyses. Deficient chicks had metaphyses nearly five times longer than vitamin D3-treated chicks. Metaphyses in chicks given 1,25(OH)2D3 were twice as long as those of vitamin D-treated chicks at 5 weeks. Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts were more numerous in deficient chicks. These studies suggest that vitamin D3 is more effective than 1,25(OH)2D3 in preventing parathyroid and bone lesions of vitamin D deficiency.
The Hebephiliac: Pedophile or Teleiophiliac?
Authors: Sea Jonghan , Beauregard Eric
Published: August 2017

The current study aims to fill the gap on hebephile sex offenders by comparing them to a group of pedophile offenders as well as a group of teleiophile offenders. The focus of the study is to examine the victims’ and offenders’ characteristics, the crime characteristics, and the modus operandi used by a sample of 111 male sex assaults currently serving a sentence for sexual crimes in Korea. Looking at all the comparisons conducted, it seems that the hebephiliac is not more similar to the pedophile nor the teleiophiliac. He is in fact a mix of both. Aside from certain characteristics that make hebephiliacs different from the other two subtypes of sex offenders (e.g., sadism, travelling longer than 2 km to commit the crime, history of bipolar disorder), they mainly share characteristics of both groups. The current study uncovers very important differences that could prove useful for the management of these cases by the actors of the criminal justice system.
Simple Lighting Manipulations Facilitate Behavioral Entrainment of Mice to 18-h Days
Authors: Walbeek Thijs J. , Gorman Michael R.
Published: August 2017

In an invariantly rhythmic world, a robust and stable mammalian circadian clock is presumed to confer fitness advantages. In shift-work or after rapid transmeridian travel, however, a stable clock might be maladaptive and a more flexibly resettable clock may have advantages. The rate at which rodents can adjust to simulated time zone travel and the range of entrainment can be markedly increased through simple light manipulations, namely, by exposing animals to extremely dim light (<0.01 lux) at night or by bifurcating rhythms under 24-h light-dark-light-dark (LDLD) cycles. Here we investigated the separate effects of dim light and bifurcation on the ability of mice to entrain to 18-h days (LD 13:5; T18). Incorporating dim light at night, mice in Experiment 1 were exposed either to LD cycles with photophases that were progressively shortened from LD 19:5 to LD 13:5 or to bifurcating LDLD cycles with photophases that were lengthened from LDLD 7:5:7:5 to LDLD 13:5:13:5. In both cases, wheel-running rhythms were robustly synchronized to T18 and the phase of the free-running circadian rhythm was controlled by the timing of release into constant conditions. In Experiment 2, either dimly illuminated nights or a history of bifurcation without continuing dim light was sufficient to allow behavioral entrainment to T18 whereas previously unbifurcated mice under dark nights failed to entrain to T18. Additionally, concurrent measurement of body temperature rhythms in T24 LDLD revealed them to be bimodal. These studies suggest that the circadian system is markedly more flexible than conventionally thought and that this flexibility can be achieved in a noninvasive and nonpharmacological way. Facilitation of behavioral entrainment to extreme light-dark cycles may have translational potential for human shift-workers.
Career Indecision Among LGB College Students
Authors: Winderman Kate , Martin Colleen E. , Smith Nathan Grant
Published: August 2017

Although several studies have examined the ways in which lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals experience difficulties with career decision-making, little is known about the impact of minority stressors on this integral process. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between minority stressors, LGB community connectedness, social support, and four facets of career indecision among LGB college students. Participants ( N = 270) were predominately White (53.7%), bisexual (57.8%), single (42.2%), and female (59.6%). Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that social support was protective against lack of readiness (β = −.39, p < .001) and interpersonal conflict (IPC; β = −.30, p < .001). Moreover, an interactive effect of internalized homonegativity and community affiliation was protective against IPC (β = −.22, p < .05). Implications for researchers and career counselors are discussed.
Product-family shared-component selection based on the consistency constraint function
Authors: Hou Wenbin , Shan Chunlai , Yu Ye , Hu Ping , Zhang Hongzhe
Published: August 2017

This article presents an engineering method based on the collaborative optimization consistency constraint function for selecting shared components in modular platforms; the method allows the operator to minimize the differences in design variables across various models simultaneously. A case study using the body-in-white information on three vehicles serves as an example. Static bending conditions and static torsion conditions are comprehensively considered with the mass and the maximum displacement as the optimization objectives in Isight and Hyperworks (both of which are commercially available software applications commonly used by automotive engineers.) The results suggest that this method can be easily and effectively utilized in the conceptual phase of car design.
Single-Dose Testosterone Administration Impairs Cognitive Reflection in Men
Authors: Nave Gideon , Nadler Amos , Zava David , Camerer Colin
Published: August 2017

In nonhumans, the sex steroid testosterone regulates reproductive behaviors such as fighting between males and mating. In humans, correlational studies have linked testosterone with aggression and disorders associated with poor impulse control, but the neuropsychological processes at work are poorly understood. Building on a dual-process framework, we propose a mechanism underlying testosterone’s behavioral effects in humans: reduction in cognitive reflection. In the largest study of behavioral effects of testosterone administration to date, 243 men received either testosterone or placebo and took the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), which estimates the capacity to override incorrect intuitive judgments with deliberate correct responses. Testosterone administration reduced CRT scores. The effect remained after we controlled for age, mood, math skills, whether participants believed they had received the placebo or testosterone, and the effects of 14 additional hormones, and it held for each of the CRT questions in isolation. Our findings suggest a mechanism underlying testosterone’s diverse effects on humans’ judgments and decision making and provide novel, clear, and testable predictions.
Sexism Ancient and Modern: Turning the Male World Upside Down
Authors: Bergin Helen , Mckinlay Judith , Mitchell Sarah
Published: August 2017

Sexism is about perception and identity. The starting point for this discussion is a brief consideration of how Biblical and later texts have perceived and portrayed women. If women have been shown, even unconsciously, in the guise others have desired, how is this to be prevented today? The authors argue that language and symbolism are always influential. The language we use to refer to God influences not only how we think of God, but also how we see ourselves. If we are wrestling today to find language and symbols that speak to us, we are indeed following a biblical tradition that did just that. Breaking free is not simply a matter of language, but a transference of power, to be shared by women and men together. Such a transference means shaking present models of perception in the search for an inclusive and just alternative.
Design of a Remote System for Monitoring Children’s Body Temperature
Authors: Ribeiro Marisa , Carvalho Vítor H. , Simões Paulo , Vilhena Estela , Teixeira Dário
Published: August 2017

More and more health-monitoring devices are appearing on the market for both anticipating and preventing crucial health conditions. We describe a minimally invasive device for monitoring children’s body temperature easily and effectively. Development of the device was divided into two stages: (1) a product specification process, which included detailed analysis of the problem, competitive analysis, and consumer surveys; and (2) development and optimization of the product, which included testing the product prototype with target users. Usability and safety were central considerations for developing the product to ensure successful use by children. User feedback testing showed that the final version of the product was well received by the target user group.
The Role of Personality in the Assessment of Subjective and Physiological Emotional Reactivity: A Comparison Between Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Steenhaut Priska , Demeyer Ineke , De Raedt Rudi , Rossi Gina
Published: August 2017

This study brings more clarity on the inconsistent findings on emotional reactivity differences between older (OA) and younger (YA) adults, by examining the influence of (mal)adaptive personality traits on emotional reactivity and by applying several assessment methods. We recruited 60 YA (25-50 years) and 60 OA (65+ years) from a nonclinical population. We used Visual Analogue Scales to measure subjective reactivity, and facial electromyography (corrugator and zygomaticus reactivity), heart rate, heart rate variability, and skin conductance level to assess physiological reactivity during happy and sad film clips. Results showed that personality influences on emotional reactivity in OA were largely comparable to YA, although the influence of negative emotionality and neuroticism on subjective reactivity in response to the sad film was significantly stronger in OA. It is thus important to assess both subjective and physiological reactivity when comparing age-related differences in OA and YA given the differential relation with personality features.
The Piirto Pyramid of Talent Development
Authors: Piirto Jane
Published: August 2017

“Talent is simply a Step 1 requirement, and many possess it who never amount to anything; talent is impossible to quantify because it only promises but doesn't deliver … what delivers … is being there, present to do the work. And needless to say, luck, too.”
Juggling Holidays in a New Semester: My Refresher Course in Gifted Education
Authors: Riley Tracy L.
Published: August 2017

As I write this column, I know I'm behind schedule. I've already received a friendly reminder from our editor that my contribution to Gifted Child Today is a week overdue. But I really do have a good excuse. I've spent the last two weeks juggling school holidays and the start of a new university semester.
An Interview with Julian C. Stanley Part II
Authors: Kirschenbaum Robert J.
Published: August 2017

This interview is continued from the July/August issue. Dr. Stanley is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) in Baltimore, MD 21218. Dr. Stanley was interviewed in Boston during the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association in April, 1990. Since then, he has updated the original transcript a little.
Using Primary Sources Getting from Here & Now ao There and THEN
Authors: Dobyns Sally McClure
Published: August 2017

GUARDIAN ANGEL A hundred year old photograph Stares out from a frame, And if you look real close you'll see Our eyes are just the same. I never met them face-to-face, But I still know them well From the stories my dear Grandma would tell. (The Judds, 1989)
An Interview with Dr. Joseph Renzulli and Dr. Sally Reis
Authors: Kirschenbaum Robert J.
Published: August 2017

EDITOR'S NOTE: This interview is the second in a two-part series. The first half of the interview with Joseph Renzulli and Sally Reis was published in the May/June 1995 issue of Gifted Child Today.
How Should Districts Serve Twice Exceptional Students?
Authors: Ingleheart Jim
Published: August 2017

In a small Texas rural school district with a high school campus of fewer than 200 students in grades 9 to 12, a professional team of educators discovered a twice exceptional student. The student we will call Rich had been identified as needing special education services at the second grade in his academic journey.
Developing Relationships, Communication, and Identity
Authors: Cross Tracy L.
Published: August 2017

The following is the fourth in a series of columns on meeting the social and emotional needs of gifted students where I provide a number of ideas that teachers, parents, and counselors can consider as they work on behalf of gifted students. Many of the ideas are equally applicable to gifted students and students of average ability.
A Challenge to Cherish: From R.A.G.S. to R.I.C.H.E.S.
Authors: Goree Krystal
Published: August 2017

Parenting is one of the most challenging (if not the most challenging) experiences we face in life. No doubt, it can also be the most rewarding. Most of us would do anything in the world to ensure that our children enjoy life, reach their full potential, and experience health, happiness, and fulfillment.
A Successful Model for Clinical Training in Child/Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Graduate Psychiatric Advanced Practice Nursing Students
Authors: Lusk Pamela , Hart Abney Beverly G. , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND: Graduate faculty in advanced practice nursing programs seek to provide clinical training in psychotherapy for psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) students and prepare them for practice with patients across the lifespan, including children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To develop a clinical training model for child/adolescent cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) that is adaptable to all graduate nursing programs including online, classroom, and blended programs. DESIGN: Clinical training included a didactic 4-hour workshop and 7 small group practice sessions utilizing Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE), a manualized CBT program for teens. Students completed post–clinical training evaluations. Using qualitative design, responses to the open-ended questions were analyzed and common themes identified. RESULTS: One hundred seven PMHNP students completed evaluations. Four themes emerged from the data: (a) therapeutic understanding of adapting CBT for children and adolescents, (b) therapeutic skills and techniques for use with children/adolescents, (c) improved level of confidence through participation in the CBT program, and (d) therapeutic benefits of being in a group. CONCLUSIONS: Positive PMHNP student evaluations indicated that this clinical training model is feasible both online and face-to-face and acceptable for providing clinical training in CBT for children and adolescents.
Experimental study of the edgewise compressive mechanical properties of biomimetic fully integrated honeycomb plates
Authors: Tuo Wanyong , Wei Peixing , Chen Jinxiang , Okabe Yoji , Zhang Xiaoming , Xu Mengye
Published: August 2017

In the present study, the edgewise compressive mechanical properties of the biomimetic fully integrated honeycomb plates manufactured from short basalt fiber reinforced polymer are studied. The findings are as follows: (1) Fully integrated honeycomb plates are primarily characterized by compression failure of the non-perforated surface when bearing an edgewise compressive load. The fully integrated honeycomb plates clearly exhibit the features of plasticity. (2) A buckling failure mode of the upper or lower laminates is not observed in the fully integrated honeycomb plates, and the fully integrated honeycomb plates possess the ideal integrity. Additionally, the fully integrated honeycomb plates produced with 9-mm-long fibers have the greater shearing modulus of elasticity and good plastic deformation ability. These results are of significance for disaster prevention and safety in quakeproof applications. (3) The failure features, mechanical property parameters, and simple calculation formula for edgewise compression of fully integrated honeycomb plates obtained in this work provide a foundation for the prediction of edgewise compression and the design of fully integrated honeycomb plates in future engineering applications.
Heavy Drinking in University Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Contributions of Drinking Motives and Protective Behavioral Strategies
Authors: Howard Andrea L , Pritchard Tyler R
Published: August 2017

This study examined rates of heavy drinking and alcohol problems in relation to drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies in university students with a documented current diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 31) compared with students with no history of ADHD (n = 146). Participants completed a Web-based questionnaire, and logistic regression models tested interactions between ADHD/comparison group membership and motives and protective strategies. Group differences in rates of heavy drinking and alcohol problems were not statistically significant, but medium-sized risk ratios showed that students without ADHD reported heavy drinking at a rate 1.44 times higher than students with ADHD and met screening criteria for problematic alcohol use at a rate of 1.54 times higher than students with ADHD. Other key findings were, first, that drinking to enhance positive affect (e.g., drinking because it is exciting), but not to cope with negative affect (e.g., drinking to forget your worries), predicted both heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Second, only protective behavioral strategies that emphasize alcohol avoidance predicted both heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Contrary to expectations, we found no ADHD-related moderation of effects of motives or protective strategies on our alcohol outcomes. Results of this study are limited by the small sample of students with ADHD but highlight tentative similarities and differences in effects of motives and strategies on drinking behaviors and alcohol problems reported by students with and without ADHD.
Conjunctival Flora of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Giles Kagmeni , Bilong Yannick , Dohvoma Andin Viola , Ebana Steve Robert , Gonsu Hortance
Published: August 2017

Objectives:

To determine the conjunctival flora of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART).

Methodology:

A total of 104 conjunctival swabs from 104 HIV patients on ART underwent microbiological evaluation to describe the flora.

Result:

There were 71 (68.26%) women and 33 (31.74%) men. The mean age was 42.9 ± 9.77 (range: 22-70) years. Negative cultures were found in 39 (37.50%) cases. Bacterial growth occurred in 65 (62.50%) cases. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was found in 59 eyes (90.76%), and coagulase-positive in 3 eyes (4.61%). There was a significant correlation between the duration of ART, the degrees of immunosuppression, and bacterial growth.

Conclusions:

Knowledge of the conjunctival flora in HIV patients may provide a better guideline in the choice of antibiotic for the management of ocular surface infections.
Hypokalemic Paralysis: A Hidden Card of Several Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Velarde-Mejía Yelitza , Gamboa-Cárdenas Rocío , Ugarte-Gil Manuel , Asurza César Pastor
Published: August 2017

Acute hypokalemic paralysis is a rare and potentially fatal condition, with few related causes, one of which highlights distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). Distal renal tubular acidosis is a rare complication of several autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, and Hashimoto thyroiditis. We report a case of a lupic patient who presented rapidly progressive quadriparesis in the context of active renal disease. Research revealed severe refractory hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and alkaline urine suggestive of dRTA. We diagnosed Sjögren’s syndrome based on sicca symptoms, an abnormal salivary glands’ nuclear scan and the presence of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB. In addition, the finding of thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin antibodies, and hypothyroidism led us to the diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Due to the active renal involvement on the context of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome, the patient received immunosuppression with rituximab, resulting in a progressive and complete improvement.
Brief report: How short is too short? An ultra-brief measure of the big-five personality domains implicates “agreeableness” as a risk for all-cause mortality
Authors: Chapman Benjamin P , Elliot Ari J
Published: August 2017

Controversy exists over the use of brief Big Five scales in health studies. We investigated links between an ultra-brief measure, the Big Five Inventory-10, and mortality in the General Social Survey. The Agreeableness scale was associated with elevated mortality risk (hazard ratio = 1.26, p = .017). This effect was attributable to the reversed-scored item “Tends to find fault with others,” so that greater fault-finding predicted lower mortality risk. The Conscientiousness scale approached meta-analytic estimates, which were not precise enough for significance. Those seeking Big Five measurement in health studies should be aware that the Big Five Inventory-10 may yield unusual results.
Relational resilience as a potential mediator between adverse childhood experiences and prenatal depression
Authors: Howell Kathryn H , Miller-Graff Laura E , Schaefer Lauren M , Scrafford Kathryn E
Published: August 2017

This study examined the indirect effects of individual, relational, and contextual resilience in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and prenatal depression. Participants included 101 pregnant women. Adverse childhood experiences had a direct effect on depression, B = 1.11, standard error = .44, p = .01, and relational resilience, B = −1.15, standard error = .19, p < .001, but not individual or contextual resilience. With resilience as a mediator, the effect of adverse childhood experiences on depression was no longer significant. Specifically, relational resilience had a significant indirect effect (IE) on the association between adverse childhood experiences and depression, IE = 1.04, boot standard error  = .28 (95% confidence interval  = .58, 1.68). Results emphasize the associated role of relational qualities, such as sense of security and belongingness, with childhood adversity and mental health.
Predisposed to prejudice but responsive to intergroup contact? Testing the unique benefits of intergroup contact across different types of individual differences
Authors: Kteily Nour S. , Hodson Gordon , Dhont Kristof , Ho Arnold K.
Published: August 2017

Recent research demonstrates that intergroup contact effectively reduces prejudice even among prejudice-prone persons. But some assert that evidence regarding the benefits of contact among prejudice-prone individuals is “mixed,” particularly for those higher in social dominance orientation (SDO), one of the field’s most important individual differences. Problematically, person variables are typically considered in isolation despite being intercorrelated, leaving the question of which unique psychological aspects of prejudice proneness (e.g., authoritarianism, antiegalitarianism, cognitive style) are responsive to intergroup contact unresolved. To address this shortcoming, in a large sample of White Americans ( N = 465) we simultaneously examined the contact–attitude association at varying levels of ideological (SDO, right-wing authoritarianism), cognitive style (need for closure), and identity-based (group identification) indicators of prejudice proneness. Examining a broad range of intergroup criterion measures (e.g., racism, support for racial profiling) we reveal that greater contact quality is associated with lower levels of intergroup hostility for those both lower and higher on a variety of indicators of prejudice proneness, simultaneously considered.
Thinking through lines: locating perception and experience in place
Authors: Booth Kate
Published: August 2017

How one conceptualizes place in research matters. I offer a ‘line analysis’ informed by Ingold’s idea that places are ‘tissues of lines’ and argue that this enables reflexivity with regards to what counts as ‘place’, adds legitimacy to the claim that places really do matter in research, and assists in representing places as a socio-natural phenomenon that cannot be compartmentalized or reduced to a humanist understanding of the social. I trial this analysis by drawing upon interviews and focus groups with people living in the vicinity of the Museum of Old and New Art (Mona). I use references made about lines of various kinds to create a narrative that locates Mona within the everyday lives of local residents. I conclude that this museum’s impact of is more mundane than the social transformation envisaged in the Bilbao Effect as this ‘effect’ relies upon a problematic and unexamined conceptualisation of place.
The Computer Social Worker: Regulatory practices, regulated bodies and science
Authors: Phillips Catherine R
Published: August 2017

Social work assessments, and in turn clinical judgment and intervention practices, are increasingly framed by standardised tools and technologies that are digitised. These tools and technologies mediate social workers’ relationships with services users, while also privileging, and in turn reiterating, particular identities and particular forms of knowledge. In this article, I am interested in how standardised tools and technologies, like computers, operate to mediate the relationship between social workers and services users. I work with an autoethnographic narrative in order to examine standardised social work practice. Methodologically, autoethnography rests within a reflexive frame of qualitative research, allowing us to excavate our experiences in order to understand how our lives are ordered and knowledge is socially constitutive. In mining this narrative, I am interested in the body, and in particular, the corporeal dimension of standardised practices. I historically locate these practices, and use the work of Michel de Certeau and Michel Foucault to examine how tools and technologies function in relation to the body, even when there is no direct physical, bodily contact. Ultimately I argue that there is a scientific discourse underpinning current clinical practice and I use the framings of Donna Haraway to understand the implications of this for social workers.
Politics, pleasure, and difference in the intimate city: Himalayan students remake the future
Authors: Smith Sara
Published: August 2017

Across India, first-generation college students are flooding from rural backgrounds into Indian universities in urban settings – many facing additional challenges of ethnic, religious, regional, or linguistic minority status. Following the lives of Ladakhi youth, who travel to the city from the edge of the Tibetan plateau in India’s Jammu and Kashmir State, this article traces the experience of ‘the intimate city’ through discussion of urban pleasures and marginalization. Bridging critical emergent literatures on education and on the intimate and political city, here, I argue that the rural to urban mobility necessary for education enables self-consciously global and cosmopolitan subjectivities for subaltern youth that transcend and complicate both neoliberal development projects and parents’ hopes. Despite problems of unemployment, decline of government jobs, and increasing competition between educated youth, higher education remains a path to a better standard of living, particularly for first-generation students. Parallel to this instrumental role of higher education, for underrepresented students joining the higher education path, experiences of discrimination and marginalization can be intensified in the foreign urban setting and university campus. This research finds that young people both struggle and thrive in the city and that their embodied practices of clothing, food, and friendship enable them to forge subaltern forms of cosmopolitan belonging that transcend regional and national borders, create new subjectivities, and different understandings of the political. This work then suggests attention to the role that rural–urban mobility and education play in enabling new and self-consciously global or transnational subjectivities for subaltern youth that exceed neoliberal state development projects, create new horizons beyond the medical/engineering-focused dreams of rural parents, and reshape geographies of belonging.
From Delay to Degree
Authors: Jepson Jared A. , Tobolowsky Barbara F.
Published: August 2017

This qualitative study extends the research on postsecondary delay by examining the college experiences of six male nontraditional students from the North Texas area who purposefully postponed college education for 3 years after high school graduation to fulfill religious commitments. Unlike the majority of delayers, the participants successfully attained bachelor degrees within 4 years from their initial college enrollment. Using Bronfenbrenner and Morris’s bioecological model of human development as a conceptual framework, four main themes emerged, which students credited for their college success: (a) reestablishing academic momentum, (b) overcoming financial challenges, (c) receiving institutional support, and (d) relying on personal development from delay activities.
A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda for Organ Donation Decision Communication
Authors: Knox Kathy , Parkinson Joy , Pang Bo , Fujihira Haruka , David Patricia , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn
Published: August 2017

Background:

This study systematically located and appraised peer-reviewed evidence for the efficacy of strategies to increase organ donation decision communication among adults including an assessment of study quality to guide future research in this field. There is little room to move in strengthening unanimously positive public attitudes toward organ donation. Consequently, researchers have called for a focus on organ donation decision communication to understand modifiable factors to increase organ donation rates.

Methods:

Multiple databases were searched during September 2015, and 44 studies were selected for inclusion. Data concerning participants, design, and outcomes were extracted. Studies were rated for quality and levels of evidence.

Findings:

Although not amenable to meta-analysis, the literature indicates that approximately 50% of adults who are willing to become an organ donor have discussed this decision with family. The majority of research was conducted in a Western context with an overrepresentation of students. Strategies to increase communication include education, motivation, input from lived experience, efforts to address salient audience beliefs, and scheduled reminders or prompts. Intentions and willingness to discuss organ donation were consistently positively related to discussion behavior; however, formative research and experimental studies testing theoretically driven interventions were scarce.

Conclusions:

There is mixed evidence for the role of demographic and attitudinal characteristics in the success of organ donation communication interventions. Additional theoretically based research is recommended to establish boundary conditions and validate strategies to increase organ donation decision communication among adults.
Patient and Graft Survival Among Sexagenarian and Septuagenarian Renal Transplant Recipients and Donors
Authors: Thiessen Carrie , Wang Jake , Skrip Laura , Yoo Peter S.
Published: August 2017

Due to the increasing number of patients with end-stage renal disease, there is a growing demand for transplants for recipients and donors aged 60 years and older. Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we performed survival analyses and multivariate logistic regression to help guide transplant professional decisions regarding the selection of graft type (living vs deceased) and donor age (60-69 vs 70+ years) for recipients aged 60 years and older.
An efficient dictionary refinement algorithm for multiple target counting and localization in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Sun Baoming , Guo Yan , Fang Gengfa , Dutkiewicz Eryk
Published: August 2017

Many applications provided by wireless sensor networks rely heavily on the location information of the monitored targets. Since the number of targets in the region of interest is limited, localization benefits from compressive sensing, sampling number can be greatly reduced. Despite many compressive sensing–based localization methods proposed, existing solutions are based on the assumption that all targets fall on a sampled and fixed grid, performing poorly when there are targets deviating from the grid. To address such a problem, in this article, we propose a dictionary refinement algorithm where the grid is iteratively adjusted to alleviate the deviation. In each iteration, the representation coefficient and the grid parameters are updated in turn. After several iterations, the measurements can be sparsely represented by the representation coefficient which indicates the number and locations of multiple targets. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed dictionary refinement algorithm achieves more accurate counting and localization compared to the state-of-the-art compressive sensing reconstruction algorithms.
Patient-reported outcomes of carpal tunnel release surgery in patients with bilateral severe carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Tang C. Q. Y. , Lai S. W. H. , Tay S. C.
Published: August 2017

This retrospective study examined whether the presenting complaint of numbness is relieved post-operatively in severe carpal tunnel syndrome and also assessed any correlation between outcomes of the first and second procedures in staged bilateral carpal tunnel releases. Carpal tunnel release (60 open and 38 endoscopic) was done in 49 patients with bilateral severe carpal tunnel syndrome. There was complete resolution of numbness post-operatively in 77% ( n = 75) of hands. The median post-operative time before complete resolution of numbness was 21 days (IQR 8 to 21; range 3 to 482). The likelihood of complete resolution of symptoms after the second carpal tunnel release in patients with complete resolution of symptoms after the first carpal tunnel release was 22 (95% CI: 4 to 131) times that of the likelihood of improvement in patients with incomplete resolution of symptoms after the first carpal tunnel release.

Level of evidence: IV
Autophagy counters LPS-mediated suppression of lysozyme
Authors: Singh Sudha B , Lin Henry C
Published: August 2017

Impaired Paneth cell expression of antimicrobial protein (AMP) lysozyme is found in patients with Crohn’s disease with the autophagy gene ATG16L1 risk allele, in mice with mutations in autophagy genes Atg16L1, Atg5 and Atg7, and in Irgm1 knockout mice. Defective autophagy is also associated with expansion of resident Gram-negative bacteria in the intestinal lumen. These findings suggest that autophagy may control extracellular resident microbes by governing expression of lysozyme. To test the hypothesis that autophagy may have a defensive role in host response to resident extracellular microbes, we investigated the relationship between gut microbes, autophagy, and lysozyme. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with fecal slurry (FS), representing the resident microbial community; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); or butyrate, representing microbial products; or a representative resident Gram-negative bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris (DSV). FS, LPS, and DSV inhibited lysozyme expression, whereas butyrate had no effect. Induction of autophagy by rapamycin countered this inhibition, whereas silencing of the autophagy gene Irgm1 exacerbated the inhibitory effects of LPS on lysozyme expression. LPS also inhibited lysozyme activity against DSV and autophagy reversed this effect. Our results provide a novel insight into an interaction between gut bacteria, autophagy and AMP whereby autophagy may defend the host by countering the suppression of antimicrobial protein by Gram-negative bacteria.
Investigation of rope formation in gas–solid flows through a 90° pipe bend using high-speed video and CFD simulations
Authors: Guda Sai S , Rowan Steven L , Yang Tao , Shaffer Franklin , Celik Ismail B
Published: August 2017

A study of rope formation in gas–solid flows through abrupt turns has been conducted. Experiments in which high-speed video was recorded and analyzed for solid concentration profiles were compared to CFD simulations utilizing both RANS and large eddy simulation turbulence models. In both simulations and experiments, particle-laden flows of air and ground flaxseed, with solid loadings of 35, 42, and 51% were considered. The results of the study demonstrate that both RANS and large eddy simulation can accurately predict particle roping. Furthermore, simulations show that the roping phenomenon is strongly dependent upon selection of an appropriate value for the coefficient of restitution. Additionally, a strong relation between local solid concentration and gas vorticity was observed.