bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Origin of dedifferentiated adipocyte-derived cells (DFAT) during ceiling culture in an Adiponectin Cre-Recombinase mouse model
Authors: Gauthier Marie-Frédérique , Ostinelli Giada , Pelletier Mélissa , Tchernof André
Published: October 2024

DFAT cells represent an attractive source of stem cells in tissue engineering and in the potential treatment of several clinical conditions. Our objective was to determine whether DFAT cells originate from mature adipocytes and address whether contamination from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) could be as a source for these cells. A murine adiponectin-creERT;mT/mG model was used with the excision of the cassette induced by tamoxifen injection for the cells expressing adiponectin (adipoq). This model allows distinguishing of mature adipocytes (green fluorescence) from other SVF cell types (red fluorescence) based on the fluorescent protein expressed. Mature adipocytes and SVF cells were isolated from adipose tissues by collagenase digestion. Ceiling cultures were imaged by time-lapse microscopy. Confocal microscopy was used to follow cells over 21 days. Time-lapse microscopy experiments showed liposecretion occurring in mature adipocytes displaying green fluorescence. Confocal imaging allowed the identification of a heterogeneous cell population expressing green but also red fluorescence after 21 days of culture. Asymmetrical division of mature adipocytes was not observed. In conclusion, liposecretion of mature adipocytes is a phenomenon that can be observed in vitro and DFAT cells do originate from mature adipocytes . However, the population of DFAT cells is heterogenous.
Towards hypernuclei from nuclear lattice effective field theory
Authors: Hildenbrand Fabian , Elhatisari Serdar , Ren Zhengxue , Meißner Ulf-G.
Published: October 2024

Understanding the strong interactions within baryonic systems beyond the up and down quark sector is pivotal for a comprehensive description of nuclear forces. This study explores the interactions involving hyperons, particularly the $$\varLambda $$
Λ
particle, within the framework of nuclear lattice effective field theory (NLEFT). By incorporating $$\varLambda $$
Λ
hyperons into the NLEFT framework, we extend our investigation into the $$S = -1$$

S
=
-
1

sector, allowing us to probe the third dimension of the nuclear chart. We calculate the $$\varLambda $$
Λ
separation energies ($$B_{\varLambda }$$

B
Λ

) of hypernuclei up to the medium-mass region, providing valuable insights into hyperon–nucleon (YN) and hyperon–nucleon–nucleon (YNN) interactions. Our calculations employ high-fidelity chiral interactions at N$$ ^3$$

3

LO for nucleons and extend it to $$\varLambda $$
Λ
hyperons with leading-order S-wave YN interactions as well as YNN forces constrained only by the $$A=4,5$$

A
=
4
,
5

systems. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the SU(3) symmetry breaking and establish a foundation for future improvements in hypernuclear calculations.
Entropies, level-density parameters and fission probabilities along the triaxially- and axially-symmetric fission paths in 296Lv
Authors: Rahmatinejad A. , Shneidman T. M. , Adamian G. G. , Antonenko N. V. , Jachimowicz P. , Kowal M.
Published: October 2024

We investigate the variation of statistical properties of the fissile nucleus, especially entropy, and nuclear level density, along different fission paths. The calculations were focused on comparing axial and triaxial trajectories leading to fission of 296Lv. We observe that change of shell effects and their suppression rates with deformation can substantially influence fission dynamics. Furthermore, the fission process exhibits iso-entropic behavior at high excitation energies, while pronounced entropy variations are observed at lower energies. We derive a deformation-dependent level density parameter that plays a critical role in estimating the survival probability of a superheavy nucleus. The competition between different fission paths was further studied by employing a master equation approach, thereby demonstrating the critical role of entropy and thermodynamic properties in shaping fission dynamics within multidimensional deformation spaces.
Gravitational effects on quantum correlations in three-flavor neutrino oscillations
Authors: Wang Guang-Jie , Li Li-Juan , Wu Tao , Song Xue-Ke , Ye Liu , Wang Dong
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we explore the quantum properties of three-flavor neutrino propagating in a Schwarzschild metric. It is found that the different strength of gravitational effects are obtained by adjusting the magnitude of $$\mathrm GM$$

G
M

arising in the oscillation phase. Using the weak field approximations, we show that the gravitational effects can make the entanglement oscillates over a large rage when $$\textrm{GM}=5.1\times 10^8 \, \textrm{Km}$$

GM
=
5.1
×

10
8

Km

and $$\textrm{GM}=7\times 10^7 \, \textrm{Km}$$

GM
=
7
×

10
7

Km

, respectively, Moreover, for $$\textrm{GM}=4.8\times 10^8 \, \textrm{Km}$$

GM
=
4.8
×

10
8

Km

and $$\textrm{GM}=9.3\times 10^7 \, \textrm{Km}$$

GM
=
9.3
×

10
7

Km

, the suppression of the entanglement can be observed due to the gravitational effects. Meanwhile, in this case, the gravitational effects also make the distribution of entanglement tighter through investing the entanglement complete monogamy relation. Furthermore, we examine the gravitational effects on the violation of the Svetlichny inequality to study the nonlocality of the system. It is shown that when $$\textrm{GM}=6\times 10^8 \, \textrm{Km}$$

GM
=
6
×

10
8

Km

and $$\textrm{GM}=7\times 10^7 \, \textrm{Km}$$

GM
=
7
×

10
7

Km

, the gravitational effects make the Svetlichny parameters always greater than 4, implying that the genuine tripartite nonlocality of the system is always present. However, the gravitational effects also restrain the violation of the Svetlichny to make the regions of the absence of nonlocality increase. The gravitational effects on the monogamy property of nonlocality lies in the change of the effective bound of the maximum bipartite nonlocality of the neutrinos system. Therefore, our investigations may be helpful to understanding of quantumness of the neutrinos system in curved space-time.
Optimizing thermal performance in a non-Darcy porous ventilated cavity with heated diagonal baffles of varied heights
Authors: Gokulavani P. , Sureshkumar S. , Muthukumar S. , Muthtamilselvan M. , Al-Mdallal Qasem M.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the convection effects of adding non-Darcy porous media to open enclosures with diagonally placed hot baffles near the open ports. The cold wall is fixed at the right side of the cavity. The remaining sidewalls are adiabatic. The fluid enters the enclosure from the inlet in the left vertical wall and leaves from an outlet at the right vertical wall. The finite difference method is employed to discretize the governing equations. The problem is analyzed for various parameters, Rayleigh number ([Formula: see text]), length of heating baffles ([Formula: see text]), porosity of the porous medium ([Formula: see text]), Reynolds number ([Formula: see text]) and Darcy number ([Formula: see text]) at alternate configured vented cavities and the results are illustrated graphically. The observation shows maximum heat transfer attained at BT open enclosure regardless of various parameters. For [Formula: see text] considerable increase in the heat transfer occurs at the right sidewall when the porosity of porous medium increases. The impact of configurations on heat transfer along the right wall is negligible at low Reynolds numbers but becomes significant at high Reynolds numbers.
Einstein, tea leaves, meandering rivers, and the origin of supermassive black holes in ekpyrotic universe
Authors: Silagadze Z. K.
Published: October 2024

Central supermassive black holes are found in most massive galaxies. However, their origin is still poorly understood. Observations of quasars show that many supermassive black holes existed less than 700 million years after the Big Bang. To explain the existence of such black holes with masses comparable to the stellar mass of the host galaxy, just 500 million years after the Big Bang, it is probably necessary to assume that they originated from heavy seeds. In an ekpyrotic universe, a hot Big Bang occurs as a result of the collision of two branes. Quantum fluctuations create ripples on the brane surfaces, leading to spatial variations in the timing of collisions, thereby creating density perturbations that can facilitate the formation of massive black hole seeds. I hypothesize that perhaps Rayleigh–Bénard–Marangoni-type convection in the extra dimension is a more efficient source of macroscopic density perturbations than quantum fluctuations.
The iron and nickel spectra measured with CALET on the international space station
Authors: Adriani O. , Akaike Y. , Asano K. , Asaoka Y. , Berti E. , Bigongiari G. , Binns W.R. , Bongi M. , Brogi P. , Bruno A. , Cannady N. , Castellini G. , Checchia C. , Cherry M. L. , Collazuol G. , Ebisawa K. , Ficklin A. W. , Fuke H. , Gonzi S. , Guzik T. G. , Hams T. , Hibino K. , Ichimura M. , Ioka K. , Ishizaki W. , Israel M. H. , Kasahara K. , Kataoka J. , Kataoka R. , Katayose Y. , Kato C. , Kawanaka N. , Kawakubo Y. , Kobayashi K. , Kohri K. , Krawczynski H. S. , Krizmanic J. F. , Maestro P. , Marrocchesi P. S. , Mattiazzi M. , Messineo A. M. , Mitchell J. W. , Miyake S. , Moiseev A. A. , Mori M. , Mori N. , Motz H. M. , Munakata K. , Nakahira S. , Nishimura J. , Nolfo G. A. de , Okuno S. , Ormes J. F. , Ozawa S. , Pacini L. , Papini P. , Rauch B. F. , Ricciarini S. B. , Sakai K. , Sakamoto T. , Sasaki M. , Shimizu Y. , Shiomi A. , Spillantini P. , Stolzi F. , Sugita S. , Sulaj A. , Takita M. , Tamura T. , Terasawa T. , Torii S. , Tsunesada Y. , Uchihori Y. , Vannuccini E. , Wefel J. P. , Yamaoka K. , Yanagita S. , Yoshida A. , Yoshida K. , Zober W. V.
Published: October 2024

Recent direct measurements of the energy spectra of the charged cosmic ray have revealed unexpected spectral features, most notably the onset of a progressive hardening at few hundreds of GeV/n not only of proton and He spectra but also observable for heavier nuclei. Thus, the study of the spectra behavior of heavy elements may shed light on understanding propagation and acceleration phenomena in our Galaxy. In particular, Fe and Ni provide favorable conditions for observations thanks to the low background contamination from spallation of higher mass elements they are affected by. The CALorimetric Electron Telescope, CALET, has been measuring high-energy cosmic rays on the International Space Station since October 2015. The instrument consists of two layers of segmented plastic scintillators, a 3 radiation length thick tungsten-scintillating fiber imaging calorimeter and a 27 radiation length thick PWO calorimeter. It identifies the charge of individual elements up to Ni and beyond and it measures the energy of cosmic-ray nuclei providing a direct measurement of their spectra. In this contribution, the iron and nickel spectra, resulted after 5 years of data acquisition, are presented in the energy range between 10 and 2000 GeV/n and between 8.8 and 240 GeV/n, respectively. The analysis procedure and the assessment of systematic errors are detailed, in addition to the ratio between the two fluxes. Both spectra show similar shape and energy dependence.
The charge balance function with HYDJET++ model in heavy ion collisions at LHC
Authors: Chernyshov A. , Eyyubova G. K. , Korotkikh V. L. , Lokhtin I. P. , Malinina L. V. , Petrushanko S. V. , Snigirev A. M. , Zabrodin E. E.
Published: October 2024

The data on charge balance function in Pb+Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed with the HYDJET++ model. For central collisions, the width of the charge balance function at low transverse momentum intervals is larger in the model than in data. An approach, which takes into account the event-by-event charge conservation, has been implemented into the thermal part of the model at the stage of hadron production. This approach implies two particle charge correlations with a certain length and allows to reproduce experimental widths.
Distinct nonlinear absorption behaviors in Cu1.8S nanocrystals influenced by geometry features
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Wei , Wang Jing , Yang Hao , Yu Junjie , Pan Minzhong , Liang Chenglu
Published: October 2024

Spherical and lamellar [Formula: see text] nanocrystals with radial dimension of about 40[Formula: see text]nm were synthesized by the thermal injection method. Combining the crystal and morphological analysis with the photo physical property, the lamellar [Formula: see text] nanocrystals displayed the typical features of 2D metal sulfides which can be ultrasonically exfoliated into single or few layers of [Formula: see text] nanosheets due to the fact that the atomic layers were bonded by interlayer van der Waals forces. While in the spherical [Formula: see text] nanocrystals, no exfoliation or morphological change occurred after sonication. The nonlinear optical properties of spherical and lamellar [Formula: see text] nanocrystals after sonication were investigated by the [Formula: see text]-scanning technique using a 532-nm nanosecond laser pulse. The lamellar [Formula: see text] nanocrystals showed saturation absorption, reaching a normalized transmittance of 1.58 at [Formula: see text] with a [Formula: see text] value of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] value of [Formula: see text]. While the spherical [Formula: see text] nanocrystals exhibited optical limiting effects, reaching the normalized transmittance of 0.38, with a [Formula: see text] value of 8[Formula: see text]cm/GW. Distinct nonlinear absorption behaviors in [Formula: see text] nanocrystals with the similar lateral size were observed in the spherical and lamellar [Formula: see text] nanocrystals, showing significant geometry feature-dependent nonlinear absorption behaviors.
Buckling Resistance of Sandwich Cylindrical Shell with Porosity-Dependent GPLRC Core and Metallic Face Sheets
Authors: Su Zhuyong , Li Linjun , Ren Bo , Alashker Yasser
Published: October 2024

Owing to the exceptional qualities of nanocomposite materials and the vast array of applications for porous lightweight structures, combining them results in structures that are both rigid and lightweight. Therefore, this work examines the buckling resistance of a porous cylindrical shell with graphene platelets reinforced composite (GPLRC) that is supported by a Pasternak substrate that can withstand normal and shear stresses and is sandwiched between two metal face sheets. Based on predetermined functionality, the configuration of the pores and the distribution of GPLs within the core are examined. The effective mechanical properties of the core of the shell are obtained by incorporating the Gaussian random field model for closed cellular solids with micromechanical models like Halpin-Tsai and the extended rule of mixture. An analytical method designed for shells with simply supported edges is used to generate critical buckling loads using equilibrium equations derived from a higher-order shear deformation theory. The study thoroughly evaluates how different factors affect the outcomes. The results showed that the largest values of critical buckling loads were obtained from the symmetric pattern of pore distribution, which outperformed the uniform and non-symmetric patterns. Critical buckling stresses also increased as the weight fraction of GPLs increased. The results have practical implications for sectors using cylindrical shells and could be used as a standard for similar studies in the future.
Effects of Pasternak Foundation on Asymmetric Thermomechanical Stability Analysis of Bi-Directional Functionally Graded Discs
Authors: Khadimallah Mohamed Amine , Saini Rahul
Published: October 2024

The mechanical and thermal stability equations of asymmetric functionally graded discs subjected to the Pasternak foundation are developed by employing Hamilton’s energy principle based on the first-order shear theory. The material properties are temperature-dependent and vary according to power-law and exponentially in thickness and radial direction, respectively. Accordingly, the temperatu re is also varying in both directions. Using the well-developed differential quadrature method, stability equations are discretized along with the boundary conditions, leading to a complete algebraic linear equations system. The validation of results is performed to certify the results. Numerical and illustrative results are presented to study the effect of elastic foundation parameters, graded indexes, nodal lines, and boundary conditions on thermal and mechanical buckling. Also, the impact of compressive in-plane force on thermal buckling and thermal environment on mechanical buckling is presented.
Internal Doping and Surface Coating: Mn/La-HCF @ Fe-HCF Composites as High-Performance Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Yuan Haichen , Xiao Mingjun , Qi Dongming , Zhu Fuliang , Meng Yanshuang
Published: October 2024

Manganese-based Prussian blue analogue (Mn-HCF) has outstanding advantages such as a high discharge platform, high discharge capacity and high energy density compared with other PB and PBAs, which is a very valuable cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, the rapid decrease in capacity in the cycle process by the Jahn–Teller effect caused by [Formula: see text] is the main obstacle to the commercialization of Mn-HCF. In this work, Mn/La-HCF @ Fe-HCF was synthesized by doping La element into the Mn-HCF phase to suppress the Jahn–Teller effect of Mn ions and coating the Fe-HCF phase outside to protect the Mn-HCF phase from electrolyte corrosion. Benefiting from the inhibition of the Jahn–Teller effect of [Formula: see text] by the abundant electronic energy level structure of La element and the protection of Fe-HCF phase relative to Mn-HCF phase, the initial discharge capacity of Mn/La-HCF @ Fe-HCF can reach 135.6 mAh [Formula: see text] at current density of 0.1 C, and it still has a high discharge capacity of 112.2[Formula: see text]mAh [Formula: see text] at current density of 5 C. After 300 cycles at a current density of 2 C, the reversible capacity of 117.6[Formula: see text]mAh [Formula: see text] is maintained (capacity retention rate is 86.1%). The results show that this method of internal doping and outsourcing can greatly improve the electrochemical performance of Mn-HCF, and provide feasible ideas for the commercialization of Mn-HCF.
Weight distribution of the dual code of the MDS code and an upper bound on the minimum distance of the code
Authors: Haokip Letminthang
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a dual code of cyclic codes, which is also an MDS code. Then we provide the burst-[Formula: see text] weight distribution of [Formula: see text] of a cyclic code. The weight distribution helps us find an upper bound on the minimum burst-[Formula: see text] distance of [Formula: see text] of a cyclic code. We also provided examples to support this result.
Effect of Sm doping on the properties and structures of PIN-PMN-PT piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Zhao Chunyang , Fu Dashi , Xu Jinfeng , Qin Yalin , Zhang Yongcheng
Published: October 2024

Ternary piezoelectric ceramics Pb(In[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text])O3–Pb(Mg[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text])O3–PbTiO3 (PIN–PMN–PT) exhibit excellent temperature stability and hold great potential for high-frequency and high-power applications. However, its piezoelectric performance is much lower than that of the famous binary Pb(Mg[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text])O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) system. In this work, high-performance 15PIN–50PMN–35PT piezoceramics with piezoelectric coefficient [Formula: see text] of 700 pC/N, electromechanical coupling coefficient [Formula: see text] of 66% and high Curie temperature [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]C were fabricated. Effect of Samarium (Sm) doping content on the ferroelectric, dielectric, electromechanical and piezoelectric properties and structures of 15PIN–50PMN–35PT piezoelectric ceramics were investigated, and results reveal that increasing the amount of Sm doping leads to a significant decrease of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and other properties. This phenomenon is different from the previously reported results in Sm-doped binary PMN–PT ceramics. The room temperature and variable temperature phase structure and room temperature microstructure were studied to explain this phenomenon.
Tailoring Optoelectronic Properties of A-D–A Type Nonfullerene Acceptors with Fused Aromatic Thiophene-Furan Bridges for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Hussain Fakhar , Hussain Muzammil , Hassan Talha , Hussain Riaz , Haidry Azhar Ali , Irshad Zobia , Darwish Hany W. , Hussain Riaz , Adnan Muhammad
Published: October 2024

We report the molecular engineering of new small molecule-based medium band gap nonfullerene acceptors containing a strong electron acceptor backbone of DPP attached to the [Formula: see text]-spacer-based furan linker. We systematically designed five new designed molecules (H1−H5) and studied their structural, optical, photovoltaic and optoelectronic characteristics. We employed advanced quantum chemical approaches to characterize these molecules (H1–H5) and synthetic reference molecule R. The designed molecules exhibit improved light absorption and narrower energy bandgaps in contrast to R. Moreover, a lower excitation energy of these molecules (H1−H5) enables easier excitation and phase separation in the excited states. Analysis of the geometric and physiochemical properties provides evidence of the enhanced photovoltaic and optoelectronic characteristics of these molecules in comparison to the R molecule and other molecules with similar structures that have been previously reported. Among all these designed series, H3 stands out with a minimal 1.99 eV band gap, excellent hole ([Formula: see text] 0.0079 eV) and electron ([Formula: see text] 0.0076 eV) mobility, low binding energy ([Formula: see text] 0.42 eV) and highly red-shifted absorption characteristics. Furthermore, these molecules also displayed good electron and hole mobilities, indicating their tremendous potential in producing high-efficiency organic solar cells. Therefore, this study showcases the molecular modeling and effectiveness of these DPP and furan-containing molecules and their promising potential for organic photovoltaics.
Review-Based Explainable Recommendations: A Transparency Perspective
Authors: Zhou Yao , Wang Haonan , He Jingrui , Wang Haixun
Published: October 2024

With the prevalence of deep learning based embedding approaches, recommender systems have become a proven and indispensable tool in various information filtering applications. However, many of them remain difficult to diagnose what aspects of the deep models’ input drive the final ranking decision, thus, they cannot often be understood by human stakeholders. In this paper, we investigate the dilemma between recommendation and explainability, and show that by utilizing the contextual features (e.g., item reviews from users), we can design a series of explainable recommender systems without sacrificing their performance. In particular, we propose three types of explainable recommendation strategies with gradual changes in model transparency: whitebox, graybox, and blackbox. Each strategy explains its ranking decisions via different mechanisms: attention weights, adversarial perturbations, and counterfactual perturbations. We apply these explainable models on five real-world data sets under the contextualized setting where the users provided explicit reviews of the items. The empirical results show that our models can achieve highly competitive ranking performance, and meanwhile, generate accurate and effective explanations in terms of numerous quantitative metrics and qualitative visualizations.
Integrated Genomic Approaches to Characterize and Mitigate Heat Stress in Poultry
Authors: Schmidt Carl J. , Lamont Susan J.
Published: October 2024

With the burgeoning human population, climate change, and expansion of poultry production in hot climates, it is imperative to aid global food security by enhancing the resilience of thermally challenged poultry. As a complement to management approaches used to mitigate heat stress, we give selected examples of recent studies on heat stress in poultry using various omics technologies. An integrated analysis of positional and functional candidate genes is provided, highlighting the most prominent pathways involved in the heat stress response. We finish by discussing efficient strategies to enhance thermal tolerance of poultry by genomics approaches, advocating for preservation of biodiversity that may provide beneficial allelic variation, and identifying current and future challenges in producing climate-resilient poultry.
Stretchable Shape Sensing and Computation for General Shape-Changing Robots
Authors: Woodman Stephanie J. , Kramer-Bottiglio Rebecca
Published: October 2024

An ideal robot could autonomously complete diverse tasks such as ocean surveying, kitchen cleaning, and aerial environmental monitoring. However, robots optimized for each task typically have different shapes, posing a challenge in reconciling form and function. This challenge inspires the pursuit of general shape-changing robots (GSCRs). While soft materials and actuators are promising for GSCRs due to their ability to accommodate extreme deformations, there is a gap between the vision of GSCRs and the simple examples we see today. Two critical components are needed: robot-agnostic stretchable shape sensing and stretchable computing. Together, these components would enable closed-loop shape control and the first instantiations of GSCRs. This review aims to consolidate the literature on these components, encouraging researchers to bridge the gap between today's shape-changing robots and the envisioned GSCRs, ultimately advancing the field toward more versatile and adaptive robots.
The Calcium Homeostasis of Human Red Blood Cells in Health and Disease: Interactions of PIEZO1, the Plasma Membrane Calcium Pump, and Gardos Channels
Authors: Lew Virgilio L.
Published: October 2024

Calcium ions mediate the volume homeostasis of human red blood cells (RBCs) in the circulation. The mechanism by which calcium ions affect RBC hydration states always follows the same sequence. Deformation of RBCs traversing capillaries briefly activates mechanosensitive PIEZO1 channels, allowing Ca2+ influx down its steep inward gradient transiently overcoming the calcium pump and elevating [Ca2+]i. Elevated [Ca2+]i activates the Ca2+-sensitive Gardos channels, inducing KCl loss and cell dehydration, a sequence operated with infinite variations in vivo and under experimental conditions. The selected health and disease themes for this review focus on landmark experimental results that led to the development of highly constrained models of the circulatory changes in RBCs homeostasis. Based on model predictions, a new perspective emerged, pointing to PIEZO1 dysfunction as the main trigger in the formation of the profoundly dehydrated irreversible sickle cells, the main pathogenic participants in vaso-occlusion, the root cause of sickle cell disease.
Racial Socialization in the United States
Authors: Perry Sylvia P. , Abaied Jamie L. , Wu Deborah J. , Doriscar Jonathan E.
Published: October 2024

Our review, situated within the context of the United States, explores how societal forces shape youths’ racial socialization processes. Specifically, we explore how youths learn beliefs about race through interactions with their environment, how these processes affect youths’ engagement with race in multiple contexts, and how they contribute to the perpetuation and dismantling of racial inequality. First, we discuss key psychological theories that inform our understanding of racial socialization. Second, we discuss how families, peers, media, and environmental cues shape racial socialization processes. Finally, we discuss interventions to enhance racial socialization and offer directions for future psychological research to advance our understanding of both racial and broader socialization processes in the United States and internationally.
Integrating Social Needs into Health Care: An Implementation Science Perspective
Authors: Kepper Maura , Walsh-Bailey Callie , Owens-Jasey Constance , Gunn Rose , Gold Rachel
Published: October 2024

Unmet social needs (e.g., housing instability, food insecurity, transportation barriers) impact a patient's ability to participate in health-seeking behaviors (e.g., physical activity, routine preventive care) and to achieve optimal health. A rapidly growing number of health care systems are incorporating social needs screening and assistance into clinical workflows, yet many implementation and sustainability challenges exist and require collaboration with social service organizations. This review highlights implementation approaches used within this rapidly changing US landscape and uses implementation science frameworks to systematically identify multilevel barriers to and facilitators of implementing and sustaining social needs care. Policies and economic investments are necessary as they determine critical barriers and facilitators within the clinical and social service contexts. Implementation may be further strengthened by cross-sector engagement, evidence-based implementation strategies, and capacity building within clinical and social service organizations. Successful, sustained implementation of social needs care may improve the quality of health care, population health, and health equity.
Causal Mediation Analysis for Integrating Exposure, Genomic, and Phenotype Data
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Liu Zhonghua , Wang Ruoyu , Lai En-Yu , Schwartz Joel , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Huang Yen-Tsung , Lin Xihong
Published: October 2024

Causal mediation analysis provides an attractive framework for integrating diverse types of exposure, genomic, and phenotype data. Recently, this field has seen a surge of interest, largely driven by the increasing need for causal mediation analyses in health and social sciences. This article aims to provide a review of recent developments in mediation analysis, encompassing mediation analysis of a single mediator and a large number of mediators, as well as mediation analysis with multiple exposures and mediators. Our review focuses on the recent advancements in statistical inference for causal mediation analysis, especially in the context of high-dimensional mediation analysis. We delve into the complexities of testing mediation effects, especially addressing the challenge of testing a large number of composite null hypotheses. Through extensive simulation studies, we compare the existing methods across a range of scenarios. We also include an analysis of data from the Normative Aging Study, which examines DNA methylation CpG sites as potential mediators of the effect of smoking status on lung function. We discuss the pros and cons of these methods and future research directions.
Altering the Solid Electrolyte Interface Through Surface-Modification of Lithium Metal Anode for High-Voltage Lithium Battery
Authors: Yeddala Munaiah , Butler Kristina , Zhang Wei , Li Jingnan , Lucht Brett L.
Published: October 2024

The physical structure and chemical composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) affect the performance of the lithium metal anode. The tuning of the chemical composition and structure of the SEI through the surface modification of the lithium metal anode has been conducted. A series of dicarboxylic acids, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, and adipic acid have been utilized to modify the surface of the lithium anode. Physical characterization methods have been employed to study the surface morphology and chemical composition of the SEI. Symmetrical (Li/Li) and asymmetrical (NMC622/Li) cells with pristine lithium and surface modified lithium electrodes have been assembled and tested. NMC622/Li cell with surface modified lithium shows improved performance compared to that of pristine lithium. Malonic acid-treated lithium outperforms all the electrodes by retaining 141 mAh g−1 specific capacity even after 100 cycles of charge-discharge. XPS depth profiling analysis reveals that the SEI on the MA-Li contains evenly distributed organic and inorganic components which are responsible for the performance of MA-Li.
A mixed electrical and chemical synapse in the thalamic reticular nucleus
Authors: Landisman Carole E. , Coulon Philippe
Published: October 2024

Combined electrical and chemical coupling is demonstrated in a single couple of thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons. Single action potentials in one neuron resulted in a spikelet [electrical postsynaptic potential (ePSP)] followed by a longer lasting hyperpolarization [from an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)] in the target neuron. The IPSPs were most prominent at depolarized potentials and all but disappeared when approaching the chloride equilibrium potential. This is the only such example that we have found in hundreds of paired recordings within the TRN.
In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Fluorinated Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Colorectal Cancer Cells and In Silico Pharmacology
Authors: Aponte Adriana Milena Olarte , Ospina Victoria , Pulido Sergio A. , Ríos-Vásquez Luz Amalia , Jaramillo Luz Adriana Betancur , Peña Carlos Mario Muñetón , Ocampo-Cardona Rogelio , Robledo Sara M.
Published: October 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations that modulate specific metabolic pathways. Despite the availability of effective treatments like 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), pharmacological therapy for CRC still faces significant challenges, including drug resistance, toxicity, and limited specificity. Therefore, discovering new compounds remains critical to overcoming these barriers and expanding treatment options. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts (FQAS) library in CRC‐derived cell lines with premetastatic and metastatic phenotypes. The genetic and epigenetic background of the CRC cell lines and the selectivity of cytotoxicity compared to nontumor cells and between different CRC stages were also assessed. Additionally, the in silico pharmacological properties of these FQASs were analyzed. Results showed that FQASs 9–14 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against both premetastatic and metastatic CRC cell lines, with FQASs 9, 13, and 14 displaying selective toxicity toward CRC cells over normal murine colorectal cells. However, in silico studies indicated poor oral bioavailability for these compounds, suggesting that an injection‐based delivery route may be more effective for targeting CRC cells. In conclusion, CF3‐containing FQASs are promising therapeutic candidates for CRC treatment.
Peritoneal Dialysis of Three‐Cuff Catheter Experience in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlSalloom Ahmed , Kalevaru Chandra Sekhar , Alomeri Kholoud , Alsayegh Sultan
Published: October 2024

Background: The global rise in noncommunicable diseases, including chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), has led to a significant increase in the use of dialysis units to enhance patient longevity and quality of life. Over time, two‐cuff catheters have been replaced by three‐cuff catheters, with their usage expanding in nephrology centers across Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits, complications, and duration of therapy associated with three‐cuff catheters in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

Methodology: To ensure the reliability of our results, we conducted a comprehensive cross‐sectional study involving 257 patients who underwent three‐cuff PD catheter (PDC) insertion and omentopexy. Data were retrospectively collected from 2016 to 2023 at King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraidah. The questionnaire was designed based on available variables in the records section and validated by subject experts and experienced research faculty. Data were then entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive statistics were employed for inferential statistics, while the chi‐square test and logistic regression analysis were used to identify predictors of PD outcomes.

Results: The average duration of therapy was 27.84 months, with a standard deviation of 27.23 months. Early complications were minimal, with just 5.1% (n = 13) experiencing peritonitis, 0.8% (n = 2) facing catheter migration, and 0.4% (n = 1 each) encountering omental wrap and exit site infection (ESI) within 30 days of catheter insertion. Remarkably, only 7.8% (n = 20) required catheter reinsertion. In addition, catheter removal due to catheter‐related issues was low, affecting only 3.8% of patients.

Conclusions: According to the study findings, three‐cuff catheters exhibited fewer complications, superior performance, and longer therapy duration. These outcomes may be attributed to the thorough design of the three‐cuff catheters, the dedication of the staff, and the implementation of strict policies. To maintain these positive results, it is crucial for the Ministry of Health and the Health Cluster to adopt long‐term supportive measures.
Harnessing Deep Learning for Meteorological Drought Forecasts in the Northern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Nyamane Seipati , Abd Elbasit Mohamed A. M. , Obagbuwa Ibidun Christiana
Published: October 2024

The National Disaster Management Center has declared a drought disaster in the Northern Cape, South Africa, due to persistent dry conditions that impact regions such as the Western, Eastern, and Northern Cape provinces. Accurate drought predictions are vital for decision‐making and planning in vulnerable areas. This study introduces a hybrid intelligence model, combining long short‐term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to forecast short‐term meteorological droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Applied to Kimberley and Upington in the Northern Cape, the model predicts 1‐month and 3‐month SPEI indices (SPEI‐1 and SPEI‐3). The hybrid model’s performance, compared to benchmark models such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), LSTM, and CNN, is measured through statistical analysis. In Kimberley, the CNN–LSTM model displayed a robust positive correlation of 0.901573 and a low mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.082513. Similarly, in Upington, the CNN–LSTM model exhibited strong performance, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.894805 and a MAE of 0.085212. These results highlight the model’s remarkable precision and effectiveness in predicting drought conditions in both regions, underscoring its superiority over other forecasting techniques. SPEI, incorporating potential evapotranspiration and rainfall, is superior for drought analysis amidst climate change. The findings enhance understanding of drought patterns and aid mitigation efforts. The CNN–LSTM hybrid model demonstrated noteworthy results, outperforming ANN, CNN, and LSTM, emphasizing its potential for precise meteorological drought predictions.
Isolation of B Cells Using Silane‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Haghighi Amir Hossein , Ghaderian Abolfazl , Mirzaei Esmaeil
Published: October 2024

One of the most important advantages and applications of coated nanoparticles in biological applications is their use in isolating different types of cells to diagnose and treat all types of diseases. Therefore, in this research work, the possibility of isolation and enrichment of B cells using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been investigated. In this regard, magnetic nanoparticles are first coated with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to make them hydrophilic and prevent their clumping, then reacted with and rendered biocompatible by FITC anti‐human CD20 antibody. These nanoparticles containing antibodies have been used to isolate B cells from the lymphatic cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating‐sample magnetometry (VSM) tests were used to check the magnetic properties and coating of nanoparticles. The flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy tests are used to check antibody binding to nanoparticles. Moreover, flow cytometry tests were used to check the extent of cell separation. Results show that nanoparticles reacted with 450 μL of antibody (T450) performed better than other nanoparticles in isolating B cells.
Crafting Robust Brands for Premium Pricing: Understanding the Synergy of Brand Strength, Loyalty, and Attachment
Authors: Laradi Sofiane , Seraa Tawfiq , Alrawad Mahmaod , Lutfi Abdalwali , Almaiah Mohammed Amin
Published: October 2024

Consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium is pivotal for assessing brand value and competitive advantage. Yet, limited and scattered research has focused on how combining brand emotion, strength, and brand loyalty can influence consumers’ willingness to accept a price premium. The present study examines the role of brand attachment, brand strength, and brand loyalty in determining consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium and explores their interplay using a serial mediation model within a unified framework, specifically focusing on home appliance brands. Data from 323 valid questionnaires collected from Algerian households were analyzed using PLS‐SEM. Results demonstrate that consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium is significantly and positively influenced by brand strength, brand attachment, and brand loyalty. Furthermore, the relationship between brand strength and consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium is mediated positively by brand attachment and brand loyalty. Grounded on various theories and addressing gaps captured in previous studies, this research is considered pioneering in this field. This study significantly advances our understanding of how brand emotional bonds, brand relationships, and brand strength interplay to influence consumers’ willingness to pay a premium. The findings highlight the importance for brand managers to sustain robust brands to stimulate consumers’ opening to pay extra, thereby achieving and maintaining long‐term success in a competitive market.
GIS‐Based Soil Erosion Dynamics Modeling by RUSLE at Watershed Level in Hare Watershed, Rift Valley Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Guche Mamo Shara , Geremew Getachew Bereta , Ayele Elias Gebeyehu
Published: October 2024

The current issue affecting land and water resources is soil erosion. Its numerous detrimental effects include deforestation, unfavorable farming methods, and decreased fertility, all of which impede socioeconomic growth. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of land use land cover (LULC) dynamics on soil erosion and its spatial distribution patterns over the Hare Watershed for the periods 2001–2021. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) was applied to estimate potential soil losses; this involved utilizing data on rainfall erosivity (R) using interpolating rainfall data, topography (LS) using digital elevation model (DEM), soil erodibility (K) using the William equation and digital soil map, conservation practices (P) using DEM and satellite images, and vegetation cover (C) using satellite images. To account for the change in LULC over the past 20 years, three separate maps of C‐factors were developed for the years 2001, 2011, and 2021. The remaining four factors were kept constant. Finally, after the successful running of the model, the estimated annual average soil loss rate (A) of the watershed is 211.38, 223.79, and 235.64 t·ha−1yr−1 for the years 2001, 2011, and 2021, respectively. This is a result of grazing areas and shrubland being lost for agricultural land. Moreover, in the past period, the watershed was found to show an increase in the yearly mean soil loss rate of 24.26 t·ha−1yr−1. Consequently, the northeastern, northwest, and southern regions of the watershed require the implementation of suitable land management.
Supplementary Table S7 from Clinical Implications and Molecular Features of Extracellular Matrix Networks in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Pankova Valeriya , Krasny Lukas , Kerrison William , Tam Yuen B. , Chadha Madhumeeta , Burns Jessica , Wilding Christopher P. , Chen Liang , Chowdhury Avirup , Perkins Emma , Lee Alexander T.J. , Howell Louise , Guljar Nafia , Sisley Karen , Fisher Cyril , Chudasama Priya , Thway Khin , Jones Robin L. , Huang Paul H.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S7: Summary of statistical tests to assess the association between clinicopathological features and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) subgroups.
Supplementary Table S5 from Clinical Implications and Molecular Features of Extracellular Matrix Networks in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Pankova Valeriya , Krasny Lukas , Kerrison William , Tam Yuen B. , Chadha Madhumeeta , Burns Jessica , Wilding Christopher P. , Chen Liang , Chowdhury Avirup , Perkins Emma , Lee Alexander T.J. , Howell Louise , Guljar Nafia , Sisley Karen , Fisher Cyril , Chudasama Priya , Thway Khin , Jones Robin L. , Huang Paul H.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S5. Summary of multivariable (MVA) analyses assessing association of clinicopathological factors and LCP1 tertiles with local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS). Clinicopathological factors which were significantly associated with survival in univariable analyses were included in the MVA model.
Figure S1 from A Phase I Study of the Combination of Pexidartinib and Sirolimus to Target Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Unresectable Sarcoma and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Manji Gulam A. , Van Tine Brian A. , Lee Shing M. , Raufi Alexander G. , Pellicciotta Ilenia , Hirbe Angela C. , Pradhan Jaya , Chen Andrew , Rabadan Raul , Schwartz Gary K.
Published: October 2024

Pharmacokinetics
Data from Intratumoral Delivery of STING Agonist Results in Clinical Responses in Canine Glioblastoma
Authors: Boudreau C. Elizabeth , Najem Hinda , Ott Martina , Horbinski Craig , Fang Dexing , DeRay Chase M. , Levine Jonathan M. , Curran Michael A. , Heimberger Amy B.
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Activation of STING (stimulator of interferon genes) can trigger a robust, innate antitumor immune response in immunologically “cold” tumors such as glioblastoma.
Patients and Methods:
A small-molecule STING agonist, IACS-8779, was stereotactically administered using intraoperative navigation intratumorally in dogs with spontaneously arising glioblastoma. The phase I trial used an escalating dose design, ascending through four dose levels (5–20 μg). Treatment was repeated every 4–6 weeks for a minimum of two cycles. Radiographic response to treatment was determined by response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) criteria applied to isovoxel postcontrast T1-weighted MR images obtained on a single 3T magnet.
Results:
Six dogs were enrolled and completed ≥1 cycle of treatment. One dog was determined to have an abscess and was removed from further analysis. One procedure-related fatality was observed. Radiographic responses were dose dependent after the first cycle. The first subject had progressive disease, whereas there was 25% volumetric reduction in one subject and greater than 50% in the remaining surviving subjects. The median progression-free survival time was 14 weeks (range: 0–22 weeks), and the median overall survival time was 32 weeks (range: 11–39 weeks).
Conclusions:
Intratumoral STING agonist (IACS-8779) administration was well tolerated in dogs with glioblastoma to a dose of 15 μg. Higher doses of IACS-8779 were associated with radiographic responses.
Supplementary Table S1 from IL2 Targeted to CD8+ T Cells Promotes Robust Effector T-cell Responses and Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Moynihan Kelly D. , Kumar Manu P. , Sultan Hussein , Pappas Danielle C. , Park Terrence , Chin S. Michael , Bessette Paul , Lan Ruth Y. , Nguyen Henry C. , Mathewson Nathan D. , Ni Irene , Chen Wei , Lee Yonghee , Liao-Chan Sindy , Chen Jessie , Schumacher Ton N.M. , Schreiber Robert D. , Yeung Yik A. , Djuretic Ivana M.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S1, Molecules used in this study