bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An International Terminology for Endometriosis, 2021
Authors: Tomassetti C , Johnson N.P. , Petrozza J , Abrao M.S. , Einarsson J.I. , Horne A.W. , Lee T.T.M. , Missmer S , Vermeulen N , Zondervan K.T. , Grimbizis G , De Wilde R.L.
Published: October 2021

Background: Different classification systems have been developed for endometriosis, using different definitions for the disease, the different subtypes, symptoms and treatments. In addition, an International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care was published in 2017 by the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) in collaboration with other organisations. An international working group convened over the development of a classification or descriptive system for endometriosis. As a basis for such system, a terminology for endometriosis was considered a condition sine qua non.

Objectives: The aim of the current paper is to develop a set of terms and definitions on endometriosis that would be the basis for standardisation in disease description, classification and research.

Materials and Methods: The working group listed a number of terms relevant to be included in the terminology, documented currently used and published definitions, and discussed and adapted them until consensus was reached within the working group. Following stakeholder review, further terms were added, and definitions further clarified. Although definitions were collected through published literature, the final set of terms and definitions is to be considered consensus-based. After finalisation of the first draft, the members of the international societies and other stakeholders were consulted for feedback and comments, which led to further adaptations.

Results: A list of 49 terms and definitions in the field of endometriosis is presented, including a definition for endometriosis and its subtypes, different locations, interventions, symptoms and outcomes. Endometriosis is defined as a disease characterised by the presence of endometrium-like epithelium and/or stroma outside the endometrium and myometrium, usually with an associated inflammatory process.

Conclusions: The current paper outlines a list of 49 terms and definitions in the field of endometriosis. The application of the defined terms aims to facilitate harmonisation in endometriosis research and clinical practice. Future research may require further refinement of the presented definitions.

What is new? A consensus based international terminology for endometriosis for clinical and research use.
Management of Oral Hygiene through Ayurveda:
A Case Study
Authors: Gawande Shravani , Pamnani Gulab Chand , Bhatnagar Sharad
Published: October 2021

Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of health care and longevity. It involves a holistic view of man, his health and illness. Even though dentistry was not a specialised branch of Ayurveda, it is included in Shalakya Tantra. Oral diseases continue to be a major health problem worldwide. Oral health also reflects body health. For prevention and treatment of oral diseases modern medicine has limited success.
Ayurveda is good alternate for that and may lead to novel preventive or therapeutic strategies for oral health. This 500 years old system of medicine not only recommends treatment with specific herbs and minerals to cure oral diseases but also recommends some daily use therapeutic procedures for the prevention of and maintenance of oral health.
Recently there is grown interest in use of ayurvedic drugs for oral health and proper hygiene. Ayurveda herbs and natural products have been used for their pharmacological applications, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties have been proven to be safe and effective for oral disease and hygiene including various therapeutic ayurvedic procedures.

Key words: Oral health, Oral diseases, Ayurvedic herbs.
Curcumin: Its Bioavailability and Nanoparticle Formulation: A Review
Authors: Dutta Ankita , Patil R. K. , Pati H. C. l
Published: October 2021

Curcumin is used as traditional Indian and Chinese medicine in order to treat various diseases as well as used as a wound healing agent. Two to five percent in turmeric is curcumin; turmeric is available in yellow colour mainly obtained from polyphenolic pigment and fat-soluble substance called as curcuminoids, mostly used in the Indian subcontinent. Various clinical trials are conducted for understanding the wide range of therapeutic uses of curcumin. According to the studies, it shows that curcumin manifests very poor oral bioavailability, and forms numerous curcumin metabolites are formed after metabolism, although the bioavailability is low but the therapeutic activity of the curcumin for the various diseases, and for treatment of the disease enhancement of bioavailability of the curcumin in the future is necessary. According to the recent study on nanocurcumin with the size less than 100 nm which is an application of polymer-based nanoparticle of curcumin. It was observed that this polymer-based nanoparticle of curcumin has similar in vitro activity as that of free curcumin in pancreatic cell lines. In in-vivo study performed with the healthy volunteers a cream containing curcuminoid loaded SLNs was topically applied over the cream containing free curcuminoid showed the improvement in efficacy. Therefore, various techniques are developing for the nanoparticulate formulations.

Key words: Curcuminoids, bioavailability, nanoparticulate, nanocurcumin, polyphenolic.
Effect of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Exercises on Foot Posture Index in Obese Individuals with Pes Planus
Authors: Kate Riddhi , Palkar Anagha
Published: October 2021

Background: Flatfoot (pes planus) is a postural deformity in which the arch of the foot collapses. Obesity increases the stresses applied to the foot directly, via increased bodyweight, and indirectly, via alterations to foot structure. Extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles act as the main components of foot function. Foot posture index is a clinical tool used to quantify the degree to which a foot is pronated, neutral or supinated. Studies done have concluded that strengthening intrinsic muscles enhances dynamic support of MLA and foot stability. There is lack of literature on effectiveness of intrinsic exercise on flat foot in obese individuals, hence the present study is undertaken to assess and evaluate the effect of intrinsic foot muscle training on Foot Posture Index in obese individuals with pes planus.
Methodology: This study was an experimental study where 30 obese patients were selected using convenient sampling.
Pre and post treatment score of foot posture index was calculated. After that intrinsic foot muscle exercises and SFE were implemented on the subjects. Protocol (2times/day for 6weeks).
Results: This study included 30 subjects consisting of 16 females and 14 males. Intra-group comparison of right leg and left leg foot posture index revealed that the FPI score scores were significantly reduced in obese individuals at sixth week from baseline (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Six-week short foot exercises and intrinsic foot muscle training was effective on reducing the foot pronation, pain and there was significant reduction in the FPI score in obese individuals with pes planus.

Key words: SFE-Short Foot Exercises, FPI- Foot Posture Index, Pes Planus, Flat foot, Obese, Intrinsic foot muscle training.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Tetanus and Its Prevention among Farmers
Authors: Elias Nidhin
Published: October 2021

In India, around 60% of the population is working in the agricultural field. Farmers in the field may have exposure to different issues like sunburn, injury, snake bite, etc. Injuries lead to tetanus which transmits from soil to the wounded part of the body. As farmers are more subjected to direct contact with soil, transmission rates are often high. The main objective of this study is, assess the knowledge of farmers about tetanus, its prevention and to evaluate the effectiveness of the planned teaching program. A conceptual framework based on Pender's health promotion model involves the analysis by a structured questionnaire to assess knowledge and effectiveness of planned teaching programme.
Material and methods: A quasi-experimental study with 50 farmers was selected from Sikkeri village, Bagalkot with a simple random sampling technique. One group’s pre-test & post-test designs were used in this study. Data collected by structured questionnaires are mainly assessed by knowledge, prevention and effectiveness of planned teaching programme.
Results: The findings indicate that out of 50 members, 29 (48%) members have satisfactory knowledge and 1 (2%) member have adequate knowledge. However, after the planned teaching programme 45 (90%) members have adequate knowledge and 5 (10%) members have satisfactory knowledge.
Conclusion: Early detection and preventive measures among occupational diseases are important. Effective education like a planned teaching programme on tetanus and its prevention among farmers is a scientific, logical, and cost-effective strategy.

Keywords: effectiveness, planned teaching programme, knowledge, tetanus, prevention, and farmers.
THE PROBLEM OF QUALIFICATION «CONTACTLESS» THEFT AT THE STAGE OF INITIATING CRIMINAL CASES
Authors: Ivanova O.M. , Ivanov M.G.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the features of qualification of thefts and fraud committed using information and communication technologies at the stage of criminal proceedings. The structure of cybercrimes is mainly represented by property abuse, in particular, «contactless» thefts committed via the Internet, mobile communications, using bank cards. The specificity of these crimes lies in the fact that non-cash, electronic money is the subject of theft. The main difference from the traditional understanding of the subject of theft is its incorporeal essence. The opinion is substantiated that the conceptual and categorical apparatus of theft of someone else's property due to the inclusion in its volume of digital, electronic money (cryptocurrencies, bitcoins) has somewhat expanded. It is this feature that affects the impossibility of using the «generally accepted» model for conducting a pre-investigation check and making a decision to initiate a criminal case. The issues of qualification of the theft and determination of the territory of investigation when deciding to initiate a criminal case remain controversial.
ORGANIZATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES OF CRIMINAL EXECUTIVE INSPECTIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIMES DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF CONSUMED
Authors: Smirnova I.N. , Petrenko N.I. , Smirnova T.V.
Published: October 2021

The article reveals some aspects of the organization of the functioning of criminal enforcement inspections for the prevention of crimes of different categories of convicts without isolation from society. On the basis of the conducted research, the reasons for the commission of crimes after registration with the criminal enforcement inspectorate are identified, problematic issues related to the organization of such mutual activities are considered. The special role of educational work in the application of influence to different categories of convicts without deprivation of liberty is noted. The active use of innovative technologies in the prevention of repeated crimes is proposed. The importance of ensuring the coordination of joint actions of prevention subjects in order to achieve the effectiveness of preventive and preventive effects is justified.
A Critical Analysis of the Need for a Stronger International Legal Framework for Cyber Ethics in Times of Pandemic
Authors: MAROZ Nataliya
Published: October 2021

Cyber technologies have changed both social and international relations dramatically. The influence of information and telecommunication technologies (hereafter – ICTs) extends from daily life to fundamental freedoms, economies, public administration and political relations. Recent changes brought by coronavirus has emphasized the world’s heavy dependence on ICTs. The technologies provide a virtual environment for normal working processes, ensure e-procurement for medical equipment and supplies, raise awareness of coronavirus prevention, maintain people’s life at hospitals etc. However, ICTs not only provide considerable benefits to society as a whole, but also can be used for criminal purposes as well as in manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations to inflict substantial damage to critical infrastructure of a state, interfere in elections, block e-government and bank services etc. The pandemic has led to the introduction of new cyber challenges and risks. At the same time, there is no international treaty on cybersecurity as well as on combating cybercrime concluded under the auspices of the United Nations that could be applicable to cope with these newly emerged threats. In this situation, cybersecurity challenges might be addressed through ethical norms, which are more flexible than international legal norms. Thus, in the absence of comprehensive legal response to cyber risks cyber ethics is particularly important. Therefore, the article analyzes international legal basis for international cyber ethics. It distinguishes the types of international relations that are regulated by ethical norms. The research defines new risks to cyber security that have emerged during the pandemic and discusses possible ways to respond them through cyber ethics. The paper expresses a view that ethical rules concerning friendly and responsible state behaviour in the context of combating cybercrime should be reflected in an international convention on countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes, which is going to be developed under the auspices of the United Nations.
Evaluation the Biological Activity of Nano- Gentamicin Prepared and Characterization of Nanoparticles
Authors: Kamal Rana , Kahdhum Quraish A. , Mohammed Awatif I. , Essa Ahmed J. , Abd Elhamid Maan A. , Mohamad Essraa A.
Published: October 2021

Gentamycin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Gentamycin Sulfate is a white powder that is freely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol, acetone, chloroform and ether. The study aims to determine the characterization and the biological activity of gentamicin in the Nano-form prepared by Sol-gel application using an ultrasound device by aqueous solution at temperature of 80°. Nano gentamycin examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission (TEM) and the antibacterial effect test of both Nano and stander gentamycin were analyzed. The results showing that the average size of gentamycin nanoparticles is 68.51 nanometers with homogeneous distribution. The antibacterial effect of Nano gentamycin take a wide inhibition range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared to the standard substance, the inhibition diameters are for E. coli (29 mm) and for St. epidermidis (27 mm). In the other side the inhibitory ability for standard gentamicin for St. epidrmidis and E. coli were 18 mm and 20 mm, respectively.
La función constitucional de los tributos: especial referencia a la función redistributiva y su relación con la justicia tributaria
Authors: Montesinos León Nataly Patricia
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo analiza la función constitucional de los tributos, su evolución histórica y su relación con la justicia social en el marco de un Estado social y democrático de derecho. Se intenta demostrar que un sistema tributario será justo cuando integre la justicia en la tributación y la justicia distributiva en el gasto, a través de la distribución de los recursos obtenidos mediante el gasto público. De cumplir con esas condiciones, se cubrirán las necesidades asumidas por el Estado social y democrático de derecho.
Revista Completa Volumen 2 - Número 2
Authors: Díaz Becerra Oscar Alfredo , Morales Alvarado Lorenza
Published: October 2021

La Junta de Decanos de Colegios de Contadores Públicos del Perú, es una Institución de derecho público, siendo el máximo Organismo representativo de la profesión del Contador Público dentro del país y en el exterior, fue creada en noviembre de 1992, por Decreto Ley No 25892 y su reglamento aprobado por Decreto Supremo No 008-93-JUS.
Percepción de aplicación de las NIIF a la cuenta Propiedad, Planta y Equipo, y su incidencia en la información financiera de las empresas de Arequipa al 2019
Authors: Álvarez Vargas Leoncio
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo busca exponer el problema de la aplicación de las NIIF en la cuenta Propiedad, Planta y Equipo. Para ello, se identifican los factores de riesgos ante dicho incumplimiento a partir de una investigación no experimental y transeccional correlacional, así como mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a diversas empresas para la obtención de un diagnóstico situacional del reconocimiento, la medición y la valoración de las normas respecto de la cuenta mencionada. Finalmente, se concluye la incidencia de esta falta en la información financiera y se propone un enfoque tentativo de políticas a partir de la revisión de la NIC 16 Propiedad, Planta y Equipo.
Analysis of Internal Control System of Trade Goods in Minang Motor Sport Stores Bengkulu City
Authors: Mulia Fatma , Yulianti Oni , Herlin Herlin
Published: October 2021

The research objective was to determine the internal control system for merchandise inventory at the Minang Motor Sport Store, Bengkulu City. The data collection method in this study is to use the interview method. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis with a comparative type. The results showed that there was no match between Mulyadi's (2016: 488) theory and the conditions that occurred at the Bengkulu City Minang Motor Sport Shop for organizational elements, because according to Mulyadi's theory, physical inventory counting had to be carried out by a special committee formed apart from warehouse employees. . Meanwhile, what happened at the Minang Motor Sport Store, Bengkulu City, the physical count was carried out directly by the warehouse department. For the elements of the authorization system and the recording procedure of the conformity and discrepancy between Mulyadi's theory (2016: 488) and the Minang Motor Sport Store in Bengkulu City, the discrepancy is in the list of physical inventory count results signed by the chairman of the physical inventory counting committee and the recording of the physical inventory count results is recorded. the correctness of the physical counting card that has been verified. There is compatibility between Mulyadi's (2016: 488) theory with the Minang Motor Sport Store in Bengkulu City for elements of healthy practice, because at the Minang Motor Sport Store, Bengkulu City, the physical counting of merchandise inventory cards has been numbered sequentially, inventory checking has been carried out twice by the department. inventory counters and subsequently by inventory checkers.
Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Mineral Exploration—Opportunities and Cautionary Notes
Authors: Woodhead Jon , Landry Mathieu
Published: October 2021

Editor’s note: The aim of the Geology and Mining series is to introduce early-career professionals and students to various aspects of mineral exploration, development, and mining in order to share the experiences and insight of each author on the myriad of topics involved with the mineral industry and the ways in which geoscientists contribute to each.

Artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) have emerged in the last few years from relative obscurity in the mineral exploration sector and they now attract significant attention from people in both industry and academia. However, due to the novelty of AI and ML applications, their practical use and potential remain enigmatic to many beyond a relatively few expert practitioners. We introduce this subject for the nonexpert and review some of the current applications and evolving uses. For the most traditionally minded geologist, we argue that ML can be an invaluable new tool, contributing to topics that range from exploratory data analysis to automated core logging and mineral prospectivity mapping, such that it will have a substantial impact on how exploration is conducted in the future. However, ML algorithms perform best with a large amount of homogeneously distributed clean data for a well-constrained objective. For this reason, the application to exploration strategy, especially for optimizing target selection, will be a challenge where data are heterogeneous, multiscale, amorphous, and discontinuous. For the more tech-savvy geologist and data scientist, we provide notes of caution regarding the limitations of ML applied to geoscience data, and reasons to temper expectations. Nonetheless, we project that such technologies, if used in an appropriate manner, will eventually be part of the full range of exploration tasks, allowing explorers to do more with their data in less time. However, whether this will tip the scales in favor of higher discovery rates remains to be demonstrated.
Behind blue eyes – Evidence for ocular nutritional supplements on the Scandinavian market
Authors: Bro Tomas , Ygge Jan
Published: October 2021

Nutritional supplements for eye health are very popular, but the size of the market makes it difficult to grasp for the clinician. To guide patients and clinicians in the subject it would therefore be valuable to have a list of available products and their content. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ocular nutritional supplements available on the Scandinavian market and how their doses relate to current evidence. A list of nutritional supplements for ocular health available on the Scandinavian market was compiled by structured internet searches, and the products and their contents were compared with current evidence and legislated upper tolerable levels. Out of 104 products on the Scandinavian market, only two products reached the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)-formula at the recommended dose. One additional product reached the same formula if the recommended dose was exceeded. As only two nutritional supplements for ocular health on the Scandinavian market reached the AREDS2-dose at recommended dose, clinicians offering such substances need to have knowledge not only about the substances but also of the doses. In the future it would be welcome if the health claims for nutritional supplements were based on placebo-controlled intervention studies, to avoid ineffective products.
Evaluation of subcutaneous immunotherapy with birch pollen extract for pollen-food allergy syndrome
Authors: Hamada Masaaki , Kagawa Masakazu , Tanaka Ichiro
Published: October 2021

Some patients with pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) develop systemic symptoms along with oral allergy syndrome upon ingesting processed foods as well as raw fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy with birch pollen extract for patients with PFAS associated with soybean allergy. Subcutaneous immunotherapy with birch pollen extract was introduced in 6 patients with PFAS caused by alder/birch pollen and soybean allergy. An oral food challenge for ingestible amount of soy milk was performed before and 1 year after initiating subcutaneous immunotherapy with birch pollen extract. Before the treatment, the median intake of soy milk was 1.5 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 1-2 mL). One year after the treatment initiation, the median intake of soy milk increased significantly to 150 mL (IQR, 20-200 mL). Systemic reactions occurred in 4 of 6 patients in the rapid escalation phase of the treatment. The results thus suggest that subcutaneous immunotherapy with birch pollen extract could be beneficial for patients with PFAS associated with soybean allergy despite concerns regarding systemic reactions.
Impact of In-Ovo Injection of Folic Acid and Glucose on Hatchability and Post-Hatching Performance of Broiler Chicken
Authors: Abdel-Halim Amal Ahmed , Mohamed Fatma Rasmy , El-menawey Mohamed Abdel-Rahman , Gharib Hassan Bayoumi
Published: October 2021

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of in-ovo injection of folic acid and glucose on hatching eggs from 55 weeks old broiler breeders. A total number of 900 hatching eggs were collected from Arbor Acres broiler breeders, then, eggs were divided into 6 groups including 1) Negative Control (non-injected, NC), 2) Dry Punch Control (pricked without injecting any solution, DPC), 3) Positive Control (eggs were injected with 0.5 mL normal saline, PC), 4) Folic Acid group (eggs were injected with 0.2 mg/ egg folic acid, FA), 5) Glucose group (eggs were injected with 125 mg/ egg glucose, Glu), and 6) Folic Acid with Glucose group (eggs were injected with 0.2 mg folic acid with 125 mg/ egg glucose, FA+Glu). Each treatment was divided into five replicates of 30 eggs each. Eggs were injected into the albumen under the air sac. After in-ovo injection, the eggs were stored for four days before hatching. After hatching, the chickens were reared in groups according to the treatments. All treatments were divided into 10 replications of 9 chickens in each. In-ovo injection with folic acid decreased the albumen pH significantly to 9.19 after 4 days of injection, while the negative control was 9.43. Hatching quality was severely affected by all in-ovo injection treatments, but no significant differences were found between the treatment groups concerning the hatchability of fertile eggs. Injection treatments had no significant effect on the growth rate or the production number in any of the weeks. Injection of folic acid and (FA+Glu) significantly increased chickens’ body weight at two and four weeks of age. Also, the dressing percentage when using folic acid and (FA+Glu) was significantly increased to 72.1% and 72.5%, respectively, compared to the positive control group (68.3%). In conclusion, our data suggested that in-ovo injection with a mixture of folic acid and glucose (0.2 mg folic acid+ 125 mg/ egg glucose) could be used to enhance carcass characteristics. Further studies should be conducted to find the effects of in-ovo injection folic acid and glucose on different incubation days and at different sites of injection.
Peculiarities of Mineral Metabolism of Holstein Heifers’ Diet Supplemented with Copper Nanopowders
Authors: Stepanova Irina A. , Nazarova Anna A. , Arisov Mikhail V.
Published: October 2021

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of copper nanopowder on physiological and mineral metabolism indicators of Holstein cattle during the growth process of the animal. There were two experimental groups (control and treatment) and each one included seven Holstein heifers. From the first month of each heifer in the experimental group, a suspension of copper nanoparticles in a dose of 0.04 mg/kg was orally administered daily to the usual diet. The biologically active additive was administered to the animal’s diet at intervals. The weight of the animals was measured monthly, a clinical blood test was performed, the mineral composition of the blood was studied, the mineral composition of animal hair was also examined. The findings indicated a positive dynamics in the increase of body weight in the treatment group, compared to the control group. As a result of clinical blood tests, it was noted that the number of erythrocytes, the level of hemoglobin, and hematocrit increased in the experimental animals due to copper nanoparticles compared to these parameters in these animals at the beginning of the tests. Mineral analysis of blood samples in the treatment group presented an increase in the levels of copper, potassium, iron, zinc, and manganese while in animals of the control groups there was an increase in sodium, calcium, and phosphorus. According to the blood serum and hair analysis, copper in the nanodispersed state indicated antagonistic effects on boron, silicon, antimony, molybdenum of the treatment group and there was a synergist in aluminum, titanium, manganese, cobalt, iron, and potassium levels compared to the beginning of the experiment. The obtained results indicated that the addition of copper nanopowder to the diet of experimental animals increased the growth, stimulated the function of hematopoiesis, and improved the characteristics of mineral metabolism of the Holstein heifers.
In Vitro Investigation of the Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Pet Animals
Authors: Khalil Omnia A , Enbaawy Mona I , Salah Taher , Mahmoud Hossam , Ragab Eman
Published: October 2021

Despite the presence of modern antibacterial drugs, bacterial infections are still a major threatening problem due to the enormous increase in multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Nanoparticles have been extensively used as an applicable and safe alternative to antibiotics. The present study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on Extended Spectrum Beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in vitro as well as their effect on the expression of antibiotic resistance genes. Different samples (i.e., wound swabs, Fecal swabs, and urine samples) were collected from dogs and cats. Phenotypic and molecular identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and double-disk synergy test were carried out for the identification of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Silver nanoparticles were tested for their in vitro antibacterial potential and there were reports of their minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. Moreover, the effect of silver nanoparticles on the expression of antibiotic resistance genes (i.e., blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX) was assessed as well as their effect on the structural integrity of the bacterial cells using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results revealed that 23 isolates (19.16%) (E. coli=17, Klebsiella spp.=6) were confirmed as ESBL producing. Silver nanoparticles indicated a promising antibacterial effect where the minimum inhibitory concentration of AgNPs for ESBL producing E. coli was measured as 0.31 mg/ml, and 0.62 mg/ml for ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp., while the minimum bactericidal concentration of ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. was reported as 0.15 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml, respectively. Consequently, the expression of antibiotic resistance genes was downregulated in both bacteria species and there was a noticeable toxic effect of AgNPs on E. coli and Klebsiella spp. cells which was investigated using SEM. It can be concluded that silver nanoparticles have a promising antibacterial activity and could be considered an applicable alternative for the control of ESBL producing bacteria.
Microbiological Studies on Naturally Present Bacteria in Camel and Buffalo Milk
Authors: Abdou Amr M. , Hedia Riham H. , Omara Shimaa T. , Kandil Mai M. , Bakry M. A. , Effat Mohammad M.
Published: October 2021

The aim of current study was to isolate and identify naturally occurring probiotic Lactobacillus species in buffalo milk, camel milk, and camel urine to investigate their susceptibility to antibiotics and their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. A total number of seven samples which included three milk samples from buffalo, three milk samples from camel, and one urine sample from camel were collected and used in this study. The samples were cultured, and 18 isolated strains were identified by using 16S rRNA multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis, which was performed following DNA extraction from the isolated bacteria. Buffalo and camel milk were different in their Lactobacilli content. All Lactobacilli strains that were found in both camel milk and camel urine, were also found in buffalo milk, Lactobacilli strains in camel milk and urine were generally more resistant to the antibiotic. Lactobacilli isolated from buffalo milk, camel milk, and also camel urine presented variable degrees of antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Further studies should be conducted with more samples to gain more information in the field of antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacilli and to understand the mechanisms of their activity. Hopefully, they can be used as natural alternatives instead of synthetic antibiotics.
Implikasi Hermeneutik Al Qur’an dalam Epistemologi Islam
Authors: Maskhuroh Lailatul
Published: October 2021

Hermeneutics one of the philosophical disciplines of language, began to sound its resonance in 1998 which was first introduced by Hasan Hanafi. The pros and cons of this science still resonate with its loyal followers, and vice versa. There are professors of Islamic universities who have not recognized this knowledge from the beginning, but have not dampened the development of this science itself. So that there are those who equate hermeneutic science such as the science of interpretation and takwil. In Indonesia Aksin wijaya, Sahiron Syamsuddin, Muqsith Ghazali are lecturers who are persistent in developing this hermeneutic theory which is still productive until now. Hermeneutics is needed to understand the Koran, especially to answer contemporary problems oriented to human values ??that have not yet been resolved in classical interpretations according to Sayyid Husein Nasr. This is one of the reasons for accepting hermeneutics. There are also those who reject it and some are moderate, for example M. Quraish shihab.
Effectiveness of Automatic CAM Programming Using Machining Templates for the Manufacture of Special Production Tooling
Authors: Kowalski Maciej , Zawadzki Przemysław , Hamrol Adam
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the methodology and implementation of original Automatic CAM programming using machining templates (ACPUT) dedicated to manufacturing special technological tooling. The development of ACPUT was inspired by the observation that although modern computer-aided design (CAD) / computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems can automatically create CAM programs, their universality makes them both difficult to use and inefficient because the programs created this way often contain errors. The presented programming procedure includes the development of specific machining templates based on technological knowledge gathered in a specially prepared database. These templates are dedicated to a group of parts characterized by the similarity of their geometric features. ACPUT makes it possible to reduce(in comparison to traditional CAM programming) the time required to develop a machining program, thereby positively impacting the total cost of tooling production. The paper aims to present results of testing the effectiveness of the use of ACPUT by technicians with different levels of experience (expert and beginner). The tests were carried out on special tooling - assembly equipment for plastic pipes, and compared program preparation time, machining time, and production costs.
ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF CAR COMMUNICATION ENTERPRISES WITH THE USE OF PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL AND MAPS OF STRATEGIC GROUPS
Authors: Budzik Tomasz , Budzik Anna
Published: October 2021

The article presents the theoretical and practical approach to the essence of Porter’s Five Forces model and its relationship with the map of strategic groups. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the competitive struggle within the sector of Car Communication Enterprises. The tool of Porter’s Five Forces model was used, as well as a map of strategic groups. The research sample included Car Comunication Enterprises that belong under public sector. The research showed that the intensity of the competition in the analyzed sector is significant. The presented results should be treated as part of a comprehensive strategic analysis of enterprises. Each company should treat these results as models and at the same time adapt them to its own conditions. The research results may be an introduction to further analyzes concerning Car Comunication Enterprises sector.
Fibroin and Spidroin Thin Film to Support the Attachment and Spread of Human Dermal Fibroblast: The Potency of Skin Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nursatya Safira Meidina , Barlian Anggraini , Judawisastra Hermawan , Wibowo Indra , Tanoto Hutomo
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to determine the characteristics of scaffolds made of fibroin from Bombyx mori and spidroin from Argiope appensa in supporting the attachment and proliferation of HDF cells on the scaffolds. Thin-film scaffolds were made using the solvent casting technique, where the scaffold is an amalgamation of fibroin, spidroin, PVA, and glycerol. HDF cells were grown on DMEM medium with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic-antimicotic. Characterization of the scaffolds was performed by using ATR-FTIR, swelling test, contact angle measurement, tensile test, biodegradation, MTT and SEM. The results of the ATR-FTIR analysis showed that the scaffolds contained fibroin, spidroin, PVA, and glycerol. Swelling and contact angle tests showed that all scaffold combinations were hydrophilic. Mechanical properties and in vitro biodegradation tests showed no significant difference among the scaffold combinations. MTT testing showed that all scaffolds could facilitate the attachment of fibroblasts and showed increased viability from day 1, 3, and 5. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the cells in the 70% fibroin and 10% spidroin scaffold had the best cell morphology and the best combination for potential application in skin tissue engineering.
Feeding strategies and ageing time alter calpain system proteins activities and meat quality of Braford steers
Authors: Coria María Sumampa , Pighin Dario , Grigioni Gabriela , Palma Gustavo Adolfo
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ageing and feeding strategies on the calpain protease system and meat quality traits in Braford steers.Methods: Thirty Braford steers were employed; 15 animals were supplemented with corn silage during finishing and 15 were kept only on pasture. Meat quality traits and calpain system protein activity were evaluated in longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) steaks aged for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days.Results: Aged meat showed higher pH and calcium content, while Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) decreased to day 21. No interaction between ageing and diet was seen for quality traits. Steers finished with corn silage showed higher values of water holding capacity, WBSF and free calcium, and lower values of pH and cooking loss. Calpain and calpastatin activities decreased with ageing. Finishing steers on pasture produced higher values of calpains and lower values of calpastatin activities. The higher values of calpain 1 activity were observed in muscles aged 2 days from pasture finished animals, and the lower activity of the inhibitor in the 21 days aged samples of the same group.Conclusion: These results suggest a diet by ageing interaction in calpains and calpastatin and this interaction impact in Warner Bratzler Shear Force in Braford LTL muscle.
Mapa Cultural do Ceará: Redesign a partir da avaliação de usabilidade e experiência do usuário
Authors: Araújo Patrick de , Carneiro Mateus , Darin Ticianne
Published: October 2021

Os mapas colaborativos digitais são ferramentas que permitem a produção e inserção de informações sobre um espaço para serem compartilhadas entre usuários. Uma dessas plataformas é o Mapa Cultural do Ceará, com grande número de agentes cadastrados e muito relevante para o cenário cultural local. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar avaliação de usabilidade e experiência do usuário para potencializar o aspecto colaborativo através de um redesign. O trabalho foi realizado em quatro etapas: (1) avaliação heurística e testes de usabilidade com método MAX; (2) Análise e triangulação dos dados; (3) Redesign da aplicação; e (4) Avaliação do redesign com testes de usabilidade e entrevista. A partir disso, constatou-se que o processo realizado ajudou a pensar em soluções visuais e de interação que buscam potencializar o caráter colaborativo da interface.
Die EU-Grundrechtsberechtigung öffentlicher Unternehmen – Anmerkung zu BVerfG, Beschluss v. 18.8.2020, 1 BvQ 82/80 (STEAG GmbH)
Authors: Kamann Hans-Georg , Ellemann Tim , Weigand Laurenz
Published: October 2021

In seinem STEAG-Eilbeschluss vom 18. August 2020 hat das BVerfG seine ständige Rechtsprechung bestätigt, nach der sich ein mehrheitlich in öffentlicher Hand befindliches inländisches Unternehmen nach Art. 19 Abs. 3 GG in Anwendung der Lehre des personalen Substrats sowie des „Konfusionsarguments“ nicht auf deutsche Grundrechte, insbesondere nicht auf Art. 12 Abs. 1 und Art. 14 Abs. 1 GG, berufen kann. Gleichzeitig hat es in einem obiter dictum festgestellt, dass auch nach den Vorgaben der Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union (GRC), wäre sie anwendbar, nichts Abweichendes gelte. Entgegen dieser ersten vorläufigen Äußerung des BVerfG ist auf der unionsrechtlichen Ebene der GRC grundsätzlich von einer funktional-relativen Grundrechtsberechtigung auch staatlich beherrschter Einheiten auszugehen. Diese können sich danach insbesondere auch auf die Wirtschaftsgrundrechte berufen, soweit sie nicht spezifisch hoheitlich, sondern wirtschaftlich, d.h. als Unternehmen im Sinne des Unionsrechts tätig sind.
Biometrische Videoüberwachung
Authors: Schindler Stephan
Published: October 2021

The use of biometric facial recognition by the police is highly controversial. Facial recognition can contribute to the effective combating of crimes, but in some cases it is accompanied by grievous encroachments on fundamental rights. To achieve an appropriate balance in this regard is first and foremost the task of the democratically legitimized legislature. Requirements for this can be found in German Basic Law, the European Convention on Human Rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European data protection law. Against this background, the thesis examines the permissibility of the police use of face recognition in connection with video surveillance to combat crime.
Staatsangehörigkeitsrechtliche Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Terrorismus- und Extremismusbekämpfung
Authors: Sander Venous
Published: October 2021

The deprivation of citizenship as a counter-terrorist measure has been implemented by other countries for several years, whereas security-related amendments to the German law of nationality have only recently been discussed. The so called „Third Amendment to the German citizenship law“ introduced a legal means for depriving a person‘s citizenship based on security-related grounds. This book addresses this topical issue and examines whether citizenship law is a suitable area for counter-terrorist and counter-extremist measures.
Description of Cystodiscus elachistocleis sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) parasitizing the gallbladder of Elachistocleis cesarii from Brazil, based on morphological and molecular analyses
Authors: Vieira Diego Henrique Mirandola Dias , Pereira Úngari Letícia , De Alcantara Edna Paulino , Emmerich Enzo , Quagliatto Santos André Luiz , O´Dwyer Lucia Helena , Da Silva Reinaldo José
Published: October 2021

Numerous pseudoplasmodia containing myxospores belonging to the genus Cystodiscus were found in the gallbladder of Elachistocleis cesarii from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Herein, we describe Cystodiscus elachistocleis sp. nov., using morphological and small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. The mature myxospores were ellipsoid to ovoid, measuring in average 10.6 (9.8–11.2) μm in length and 6.2 (5.6–6.6) μm in width. Polar capsules were pyriform and equal in size measuring in average 3.6 (2.8–4.3) μm in length and 2.6 (2.2–3.1) μm in width. Polar filaments had 2–4 coils. The myxospores had 3–5 transverse ridges. The phylogenetic analysis showed Cystodiscus elachistocleis sp. nov. as a sister species of Cystodiscus cf. immersus 1, in a subclade formed by species that parasitize the amphibians gallbladder. This is the first species of Cystodiscus described parasitizing a species of Elachistocleis and the third species of Cystodiscus described in Brazil.
A Timely Update of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Classification in the Diagnosis and Risk Assessment of Endometrial Carcinomas
Authors: Wang Minhua , Hui Pei
Published: October 2021

Context.—

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States and has been traditionally classified based on histology. However, the distinction of certain histologic subtypes based on morphology is not uncommonly problematic, and as such, immunohistochemical study is often needed. Advances in comprehensive tumor sequencing have provided novel molecular profiles of endometrial carcinomas. Four distinct molecular subtypes with different prognostic values have been proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas program: polymerase epsilon ultramutated, microsatellite instability hypermutated, copy number low (microsatellite stable or no specific molecular profile), and copy number high (serouslike, p53 mutant).

Objective.—

To discuss the utilities of commonly used immunohistochemical markers for the classification of endometrial carcinomas and to review the recent advancements of The Cancer Genome Atlas molecular reclassification and their potential impact on treatment strategies.

Data Sources.—

Literature review and authors' personal practice experience.

Conclusions.—

The current practice of classifying endometrial cancers is predominantly based on morphology. The use of ancillary testing, including immunohistochemistry, is helpful in the identification, differential diagnosis, and classification of these cancers. New developments such as molecular subtyping have provided insightful prognostic values for endometrial carcinomas. The proposed The Cancer Genome Atlas classification is poised to gain further prominence in guiding the prognostic evaluation for tailored treatment strategies in the near future.
The aftermath of enforced disappearance and concealment.
Authors: Morales-Sáez Nicolás , Espina Joel
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
 
The forced disappearance of peasants in the Paine commune, Chile, dates back to the first months after the coup in 1973. Ten years ago, as a result of a judicial investigation, the location of a mass grave was revealed to more than one hundred kilometers from the detention site. This finding allowed the identification of eleven detainees who disappeared by genetic methods, along with another five recognized from forensic archaeological evidence. Our main objective is to account for the aftermath of forced disappearance and the operation to conceal the bodies of three generations of relatives of disappeared detainees.
 
Methods:
 
Qualitative research: Case study, carried out between 2014 and 2015, with a total of 19 interviewees from three generations, belonging to six families from Paine. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with two to three sessions per interviewee and three discussion groups, one for each generation.
 
Results:
 
The three generations face in a dissimilar way the slogan of where are they ?, as well as they attribute different meanings to the skeletal remains. It contrasts the "duty to recognize" of the first generation with the interpellation of the third generation through practices that vindicate the collective dimension of mourning. In the experiences of intergenerational dialogue, spaces of memory have taken center stage, in particular the location of the common grave. One of the relevant results of this investigation has been to give an account of the social experience of forensic identification.
 
Conclusions:
 
Family relationships do not convey an integrating story but rather what stands out is the emptiness of representation and intergenerational silences. Science, through DNA, offers statistical evidence of identification, but the decision is maintained in the individual jurisdiction of each family member. Comprehensive forensic work with the participation of archaeologists, anthropologists, dentists and other experts contributes to restoring the dignity of the victimized body.