bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aproximación inicial a la comparación de cámaras hiperespectrales para su aplicación en agricultura
Authors: Piedra Camacho Rodolfo José
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo muestra un método inicial, práctico y básico para la comparación de cámaras hiperespectrales. Una cámara hiperespectral permite tomar “cubos de imágenes” que constan de tres dimensiones, dos espaciales y una espectral en la que se almacena la reflexión de una escena a todos los espectros de onda entre el rango de la luz visible y el inicio del infrarrojo. Se utilizaron dos cámaras hiperespectrales para las pruebas, una marca Cubert modelo UHD-185 y una cámara diseñada por el Grupo Integrado de Ingeniería de la Universidad de la Coruña; la primera captura 127 espectros en el rango de los 450 a 998nm, la segunda toma hasta 1088 espectros, algunos repetidos, en el rango de 385 – 950nm. Se diseñó una interfaz para el control de la cámara no comercial, se realizaron capturas de forma simultánea a una escena bajo abundante luz solar y se comparó la información mediante Matlab al promediar y presentar de forma gráfica la información hiperespectral de un área común a ambas capturas. Entre los resultados más predominantes se encuentra el reconocimiento de la suavidad en la curva de datos de la cámara UHD-185 y la falta de picos pronunciados en momentos de caída de nivel de ciertos espectros; ambos criterios de selección importante según la aplicación. El procedimiento se puede aplicar para cámara de línea o de escena siempre y cuando las mismas retornen su información en una gama de imágenes que se puedan pasar a un formato .mat de Matlab.
Composición de comunidades y filoespecificidad de ectoparásitos de murciélagos en paisajes agropecuarios de Veracruz, México.
Authors: Orta-Pineda Guillermo , Rodríguez-Valencia Víctor Manuel , Rico-Chávez Oscar , Zamora-Bárcenas Diana Fabiola , Rodríguez-Moreno Ángel , Montiel-Parra Griselda , Arenas-Montaño Melisa , Galindo-Maldonado Francisco Aurelio , Suzán-Azpiri Gerardo , Ojeda-Flores Rafael
Published: May 2020

Se evaluó la influencia de la transformación antropogénica del paisaje por actividades pecuarias sobre la composición y especificidad de las comunidades de ectoparásitos asociadas a murciélagos, en ranchos ganaderos del estado de Veracruz. Se compararon sitios con diferente nivel de transformación del paisaje que incluyeron producciones bajo sistemas de pastoreo en acahual, silvopastoril y pastizal. Se capturaron 944 murciélagos de 23 especies en ocho unidades de producción pecuaria. Se realizó la identificación taxonómica de 1 433 ectoparásitos de 35 especies obtenidos a partir de 428 hospederos. Se realizaron análisis de diversidad taxonómica y especificidad filogenética entre las asociaciones murciélago-ectoparásito. La composición de las comunidades de ectoparásitos asociadas con Artibeus jamaicensis mostró diferencias significativas entre los tres niveles de transformación del paisaje. El acahual, que es el paisaje con menor transformación antropogénica, presentó los valores más altos de diversidad de especies de murciélagos y de ectoparásitos. La filoespecificidad de los estréblidos no presentó cambios significativos entre los diferentes tipos de paisaje del estudio. La consideración de factores antropogénicos que afecten la riqueza, abundancia y diversidad de los ectoparásitos, así como la relación filogenética con sus hospederos es esencial para profundizar en el estudio de las asociaciones hospedero-parásito.
Propiedades del suelo afectadas por el tiempo de descanso en un sistema de roza-tumba-quema
Authors: Gamero Gamero Angel Mariano , Delgadillo Julian , Cortes Flores Jose Isabel , Velasco Velasco Joel , Velasco Cruz Ciro
Published: May 2020

El estudio de los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales representa una opción ante la necesidad de conservar los ecosistemas naturales e incrementar la producción de alimentos. Una mejor comprensión de la dinámica ecológica de la roza-tumba-quema (RTQ) puede permitir la toma de decisiones encaminadas al manejo racional de los ecosistemas donde esta se practica. Por lo anterior, el objetivo fue describir la relación de las comunidades microbianas con la materia orgánica y la condición nutrimental del suelo. Se calcularon los índices de diversidad de Shannon (H’) a partir del perfil metabólico de las poblaciones con el uso de placas BIOLOG-ECO™, el contenido de materia orgánica (MO), nitrógeno total, nitratos, amonio, fósforo extractable, textura, densidad aparente, capacidad de campo y punto de marchitez permanente del suelo. Las propiedades físicas no fueron significativamente diferentes. El pH, contenido de MO y de nitratos se modificó con el tiempo de descanso. No se encontró relación entre la diversidad microbiana (H’) y el tiempo de descanso (t), pero sí diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) entre las parcelas con mayor y menor tiempo de descanso, siendo más diversa esta última.
Estrategias de manejo de la milpa maya en Xoy, Peto, Yucatán
Authors: Ku-Pech Elia María , Mijangos-Cortés Javier Orlando , Andueza-Noh Rubén Humberto , Chávez-Pesqueira Mariana , Simá-Polanco Paulino , Simá-Gómez José Luis , Arias-Reyes Luis Manuel
Published: May 2020

El sistema tradicional milpa, manejado mayormente bajo temporal en Yucatán, México; es importante a nivel social, biológico y ambiental. La milpa ha perdurado a través del tiempo por los conocimientos ancestrales transmitidos por generaciones. Por lo anterior, el objetivo fue conocer las estrategias de manejo realizadas por los milperos en su actividad agrícola y la conservación de la diversidad biológica. La investigación se efectuó en la comunidad maya de Xoy, Peto, Yucatán aplicando encuestas semiestructuradas al 30% de la población ejidataria que siembra maíz. La diversidad de cultivos reportada en Xoy fue de 22 variedades nativas: ocho de maíz, siete de frijol lima, cuatro de calabaza y tres de frijol común. Se detectó que la familia es el determinante para la conservación de la diversidad de especies cultivadas en la milpa con una prioridad en la conservación de semillas nativas entre los milperos.
Análisis de la restauración pasiva post-agrícola de Prosopis laevigata en el matorral espinoso Tamaulipeco
Authors: Pequeño-Ledezma Miguel Ángel , Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Sánchez-Castillo Laura , Mora-Olivo Arturo , Rubio-Camacho Ernesto Alonso , Lozano-Cavazos Eloy Alejandro
Published: May 2020

El área cubierta por matorral representa la mayor superficie por tipo de vegetación de México, las prácticas agropecuarias tienden a estar presentes abarcando un amplio territorio. El objetivo fue analizar la regeneración de las especies leñosas post-actividad agrícola en un área de matorral espinoso tamaulipeco en el noreste de México perteneciente al Rancho San Felipe, ubicado en el municipio de General Terán, Nuevo León. Se establecieron seis sitios de muestreo de 10 x 20 m para tener una superficie total de 1 200 m2, en los que se realizó un inventario de especies leñosas. Para su análisis se utilizaron los indicadores ecológicos de abundancia, dominancia, frecuencia, índice de valor de importancia por especie y de manera general los índices de Margalef, Shannon y Wiener, y el índice de Pretzsch. La especie dominante, en cobertura fue Prosopis laevigata (4 731.1 m2), que representa el 89.12%, seguida de Acacia farnesiana con 9.66% y Celtis pallida con 1.22% del total de los individuos. Se registró una abundancia absoluta de 733 N ha-1, donde Prosopis laevigata representó el 84.09% del total. De acuerdo a la distribución diamétrica, la mayoría de los individuos (350 N ha-1) se encuentran en el rango de 0 a 5 cm de diámetro, lo que indica que se está regenerado activamente. En cuanto a la distribución vertical se observó que la vegetación presenta una diversidad media en los estratos de altura, registrando un valor de 63.7% de Arel . La comunidad vegetal muestra un estado de regeneración activo.
El control inmunológico: Una alternativa contra garrapatas del ganado bovino
Authors: Lagunes Quintanilla Rodolfo Esteban , Bautista-Garfias Carlos Ramón
Published: May 2020

El objetivo fue realizar una revisión actualizada del control inmunológico como alternativa para reducir las poblaciones de garrapatas en los bovinos. La historia de las garrapatas de interés veterinario contiene varios pasajes a través del tiempo. Sin duda, la especie más importante en la ganadería es Rhipicephalus mi- croplus, la cual ocasiona pérdidas económicas considerables a la industria pecuaria originando la utilización de diferentes métodos de control para contrarrestar los efectos adversos causados por éste vector. Recientemente, el problema de la resistencia a los ixodicidas ha motivado el interés por el desarrollo de vacunas contra garrapatas, como medida sugerente de control para disminuir las infesta- ciones en zonas de alta incidencia e indirectamente bloquear la transmisión de patógenos al ganado bovino. En el desarrollo de vacunas contra garrapatas, se han utilizado diferentes criterios y metodologías para identificar proteínas específicas que puedan ser utilizadas como antígenos vacunales. El control inmunológico de garrapatas mediante la utilización de vacunas, es posible y factible, ya que producen una protección en los animales que se refleja en el desarrollo de las garrapatas, reduciendo las poblaciones de las subsiguientes generaciones. Finalmente, la implementación de programas integrados de control basados en la combinación de distintos componentes como las vacunas, contribuirá en un futuro a disminuir los problemas asociados por garrapatas, mejorando la producción y la salud animal de los hatos ganaderos, y a la vez evitar la contaminación del medio ambiente y de los subproductos derivados de los bovinos para el consumo humano.
Editorial
Authors: Moya María Veronica , O’Brien Melany
Published: May 2020

Editorial
El vínculo entre gentrificaión urbana y artistas: la autenticidad, diferenciación y disposición estética como protagonistas del proceso = The relation between gentrification and artists: authenticity, differentiation and aesthetic disposition as the process leaders
Authors: Valdez Genit José Ignacio
Published: May 2020

ResumenLa gentrificación de barrios en diversas ciudades del mundo se ve influenciado por la presencia de artistas como agentes de cambio. Ya sea en los casos de Nueva York, Rotterdam o Santiago de Chile, este grupo actúa como pionero al asentarse en barrios identificados con cualidades determinadas que los hace particularmente atractivos: entre ellas la autenticidad como una de las más importantes. Sin embargo, la disposición estética de los artistas que reconfigura el significado de los objetos por su aspecto formal y descontextualización, volviéndolos en objetos artísticos; también es capaz de hacerlo con los barrios en donde se implantan. De esta manera, el colectivo cambia poco a poco el carácter y significado de los barrios convirtiéndolos en objetos de referencia para todo aquel que busque un medio de diferenciación en la sociedad. Así, los barrios colonizados por artistas son mercantilizados por su valorización social y económica como consecuencia de su propia cultura y autenticidad, lo que conlleva a su gentrificación.AbstractThe gentrification of neighborhoods around the globe cities has been strongly influenced by the presence of artists as agents. In cases such as New York, Rotterdam or Santiago de Chile, the group act as pioneers of the process by their settlement in specific neighborhoods with specific characteristics, being the authenticity one of the most important. Nevertheless, their aesthetic disposition that changes the meaning of objects by the emphasis in the formal aspect and decontextualization, becoming pieces of art; is also capable of changing the neighborhoods. This way, the group changes the character of the place they settle, becoming a reference object for anyone who seeks differentiation. As a result, neighborhoods colonized by artists, are commodificated by their social and economic value as a consequence of their own authenticity and culture that lead, finally, to a gentrification process.
Le canard mulard : déterminisme génétique d’un hybride intergénérique
Authors: BRUN J.M. , RICHARD M.M. , MARIE-ETANCELIN C. , ROUVIER R. , LARZUL C.
Published: May 2020

Le mulard, qui assure plus de 90 % de la production française de foie gras, est un hybride intergénérique entre le canard de Barbarie et la cane commune. L’hybride réciproque (canard commun x cane Barbarie) ne présente pas d’intérêt zootechnique. Depuis les années 80, le mulard est obtenu par insémination artificielle, avec un taux de fertilité voisin de 70 % à condition d’inséminer les canes deux fois par semaine à cause de la courte durée de la période fertile en hybridation. L’article envisage d’abord les aspects zoologiques de cette hybridation (cytogénétique, accouplement, fertilisation et développement embryonnaire, stérilité des hybrides). Il aborde ensuite, d’un point de vue zootechnique, les performances de reproduction de la cane commune mère du mulard (ponte, fertilité et durée de la période fertile, éclosabilité) et les caractères du mulard (croissance, couleur du plumage, comportement, efficacité alimentaire, composition corporelle, aptitude au gavage et qualité des produits). L’objectif est d’abord de décrire les spécificités de cet hybride relativement aux espèces parentales et lorsque c’est possible (présence de l’hybride réciproque), d’interpréter ses performances en fonction des contributions parentales. Il s’agit ensuite de réaliser une synthèse sur les estimées des paramètres génétiques des caractères des mulards dans les populations parentales et des corrélations génétiques entre performances en pur et en croisement. Ces paramètres conditionnent les possibilités d’amélioration du mulard par sélection génétique dans ces souches. Enfin, sont présentés des éléments de génétique moléculaire (marqueurs génétiques, cartographie comparée).
Modalités et risques de transfert des polluants organiques persistants vers le lait
Authors: RYCHEN G. , DUCOULOMBIER-CREPINEAU C. , GROVA N. , JURJANZ S. , FEIDT C.
Published: May 2020

Les activités humaines produisent des composés polluants tels que les Polluants Organiques Persistants (POP) qui peuvent dans certains cas entraîner des risques de contamination des activités agricoles. Ces molécules posent des problèmes de transfert dans la chaîne alimentaire, notamment vers les produits animaux. Les POP sont caractérisés par une forte rémanence, une volatilité élevée et une lipophilie marquée entraînant leur accumulation potentielle dans les tissus adipeux. Ce groupe de molécules potentiellement toxiques pour l’homme et l’environnement fait l’objet d’une attention internationale. L’objectif de cette synthèse est d’aborder le devenir de trois familles de composés POP, de type hydrocarbures polycycliques : les dioxines-furanes (PCDD/F), les polychlorobiphényles (PCB) et les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP). Les résultats de recherche montrent une contamination significative des fourrages situés en zones exposées aux polluants par comparaison avec des zones isolées. Ils mettent également en évidence un transfert différentiel de ces molécules toxiques vers les matrices biologiques dont le lait.
Effect of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) Treatment on the Detection of Nut Allergens by Real Time PCR
Authors: Sanchiz Africa , Cuadrado Carmen , Haddad Joseph , Linacero Rosario
Published: May 2020

Tree nuts show nutritional properties and human health benefits. However, they contain allergenic proteins, which make them harmful to the sensitised population. The presence of tree nuts on food labelling is mandatory and, consequently, the development of suitable analytical methodologies to detect nuts in processed foods is advisable. Real-time PCR allowed a specific and accurate amplification of allergen sequences. Some food processing methods could induce structural and/or conformational changes in proteins by altering their allergenic capacity, as well as produce the fragmentation and/or degradation of genomic DNA. In this work, we analysed by means of Real-time PCR, the influence of pressure and thermal processing through Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on the detectability of hazelnut,pistachio and cashew allergens have been tested. The detection of targets in hazelnut, pistachio and cashew (Cor a 9, Pis v 1 and Ana o 1, respectively) is affected by the treatment, in different extent depending on the tree nut. Results are compared to those previously obtained by our group in the analysis of different treatments on the amplificability of the same targets. Reduction in amplificability is similar to that reported for some autoclave conditions. Our assays might allow detecting up to 1000 mg/kg of hazelnut, pistachio and cashew flours after being submitted to DIC treatment in food matrices.
Dual Cosmic Horizon Radius of Spacetime Curvature of a Multi-Path Connected Cosmic Topology
Authors: Al-Fadhli Mohammed B.
Published: May 2020

The necessity of the dark energy and dark matter in the present universe could be a consequence of the antimatter elimination assumption in the early universe. In this research, I derive a new model to obtain the potential cosmic topology and the cosmic horizon radius of spacetime curvature utilising new construal of space geometry inspired by large-angle correlations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). I utilise a modified version of the Big Bounce theory to avoid the Big Bang singularity and inflationary constraints, and to tune the initial conditions of the curvature density. The mathematical derivation of a positively curved universe governed by only gravity revealed two cosmic horizon solutions. Although the positive horizon is conventionally associated with the evolution of the matter universe, the negative horizon solution could imply additional evolution in the opposite direction. This possibly suggests that the matter and antimatter could be evolving in opposite directions as distinct sides of the universe, such in the visualised Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The span of the derived cosmic horizon radius could account for the farthest observed objects. By implementing this model, we found a decelerated stage of expansion during the first 10 Gyr, which is followed by a second stage of accelerated expansion; potentially matching the tension in Hubble parameter measurements. In addition, the model predicts a final time-reversal stage of spatial contraction leading to the Big Crunch of a cyclic universe. The predicted density is 1.14>1. Other predictions are (1) a calculable flow rate of the matter side towards the antimatter side at the accelerated stage; conceivably explaining the dark flow observation, (2) a time-dependent spacetime curvature over horizon evolution, which could influence the galactic rotational speed; possibly explaining the high speed of stars, and (3) evolvable spacetime internal voids at the accelerated stage, which could contribute in continuously increasing the matter and antimatter densities elsewhere in both sides respectively. These findings may indicate the existence of the antimatter as a distinct side, which influences the evolution of the universe instead of the dark energy or dark matter.
Hypoxia, Partial EMT and Collective Migration: Emerging Culprits in Metastasis
Authors: Saxena Kritika , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Balamurugan Kuppusamy
Published: May 2020

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular biological process involved in migration of primary cancer cells to secondary sites facilitating metastasis. Besides, EMT also confers properties such as stemness, drug resistance and immune evasion which can aid a successful colonization at the distant site. EMT is not a binary process; recent evidence suggests that cells in partial EMT or hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can have enhanced stemness and drug resistance as compared to those undergoing a complete EMT. Moreover, partial EMT enables collective migration of cells as clusters of circulating tumor cells or emboli, further endorsing that cells in hybrid E/M phenotypes may be the ‘fittest’ for metastasis. Here, we review mechanisms and implications of hybrid E/M phenotypes, including their reported association with hypoxia. Hypoxia-driven activation of HIF-1α can drive EMT. In addition, cyclic hypoxia, as compared to acute or chronic hypoxia, shows the highest levels of active HIF-1α and can augment cancer aggressiveness to a greater extent, including enriching for a partial EMT phenotype. We also discuss how metastasis is influenced by hypoxia, partial EMT and collective cell migration, and call for a better understanding of interconnections among these mechanisms. We discuss the known regulators of hypoxia, hybrid EMT and collective cell migration and highlight the gaps which needs to be filled for connecting these three axes which will increase our understanding of dynamics of metastasis and help control it more effectively.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological Features Indicative of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Emergency Departments – A Multicentre Case-Control Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Rex Pui Kin , Hung Kevin Kei Ching , Lau Eric Ho Yin , Lui Chun Tat , Chan Kin Ling , Leung Chin San , Wong Ion Wa , Wong Kin Wa , Graham Colin A. , Woo Patrick Chiu Yat
Published: May 2020

(1) Background: It is unclear whether the reported presenting clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are useful in identifying high-risk patients for early testing and isolation in the emergency department (ED). We aimed to compare the exposure history, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features of ED patients who tested positive and negative for COVID-19; (2) Methods: We conducted a case-control study in seven EDs during the first five weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong. Thirty-seven laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were compared with 111 age- and gender-matched controls; (3) Results: There were no significant differences in patient characteristics and reported symptoms between the groups, except patient-reported fever. A positive travel history or contact history was the most significant predictor for COVID-19 infection. After adjustment for age and presumed location of acquiring the infection in Wuhan/Hubei, patient-reported fever (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.3), delayed presentation (OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.0 to 12.5), having medical consultation before ED presentation (OR 7.4, 95% 2.9 to19.1), thrombocytopenia (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 9.7), raised lactate dehydrogenase (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 18.5), haziness, consolidation or ground-glass opacity on chest radiography (OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.0 to 16.0), and bilateral changes on chest radiography (OR 13.2, 95% CI 4.7 to 37.4) were associated with a higher odds of COVID-19 separately while neutrophilia was associated with a lower odds (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.8); and (4) Conclusions: This study highlights several features that may be useful in identifying high-risk patients for early testing and isolation while waiting for test result. Further studies are warranted to verify the findings.
USE OF ARTIFICIAL COLLECTORS TO OBTAIN OYSTER SEEDS IN BABITONGA BAY, SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL
Authors: TURECK Cláudio Rudolfo , MELO Claudio Manoel Rodrigues , GOMES Carlos Henrique Araujo de Miranda , LAZOSKI Cristiano , MARENZI Adriano Weidner Cacciatori , FERREIRA João Paulo Ramos , FERREIRA Jaime Fernando
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate oyster seed settlement pattern in artificial collectors affixed along Babitonga Bay (26Â°28ââ‚¬â„¢S í  48Â°50ââ‚¬â„¢W), Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Artificial collectors were installed in the upper tidal range (supralittoral), in the line of intermediate variation of the tide (mesolittoral), and below the limit region of the low tide (infralittoral). A total of 7,579 seeds were obtained over a year, presenting clear variations of quantities and species according to the seasons, depths and collection sites. Among the total number of seeds collected, 284 were submitted to molecular analyses for species identification, among which 5.63% belonged to Crassostrea gasar, 16.9% to C. rhizophorae, 0.35% to C. gigas, 24.29% of Ostrea sp. and 52.81% to C. talonata. Species identification through morphological analysis is difficult because of the inherent polymorphism of shells. Results demonstrate that artificial collectors present a higher performance for the settlement of oyster species inappropriate for farm cultivation (C. talonata and Ostrea sp.). Moreover, C. talonata is an exotic species from Indo-Pacific seas recently confirmed along Brazilian coasts, and it already possesses a high recruitment rate in the estuarine region. This raises environmental and commercial concerns about the maintenance of the natural oyster population in Babitonga Bay.
Permintaan Pangan Sumber Karbohidrat di Indonesia
Authors: Wijayati Prasmita Dian , Harianto NFN , Suryana Achmad
Published: May 2020

Rice is the main staple food for Indonesian population. At the same time, per capita consumption of wheat products has increased annually.  One of main government policies related to food consumption is to accelerate food and nutrition diversification based on local food sources. Objective of this study was to understand demand for various carbohydrate food sources at household level by introducing socio-economic variables such as household size, wife working status, and characteristics of household head. This research used Susenas 2017 data at national level.  Demand for food was estimated by the AIDS model.  Rice was still as the most favorable carbohydrate source for Indonesian people. Bread and processed food were categorized as luxurious; while rice, wheat flour, cereals, and roots were as normal goods. Own-price demand elasticity for rice, wheat flour, cereals, and roots were elastic, meanwhile for bread and prepared foods were inelastic. Reducing per capita rice consumption, among others, should be conducted by increasing knowledge and awareness of household members of the importance of food consumption diversification. The government should be aware of the continuing increase in wheat flour imports in line with national economic growth due to high income elasticity for bread and processed food.

 

Abstrak

Pangan sumber karbohidrat yang merupakan pemasok utama energi untuk menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari penduduk Indonesia masih didominasi oleh beras.  Bersamaan dengan itu, konsumsi pangan/kapita berasal dari gandum meningkat setiap tahunnya. Di fihak lain, Indonesia memiliki beragam pangan lokal sumber karbohidrat. Salah satu kebijakan utama pemerintah terkait konsumsi pangan adalah mempercepat diversifikasi pangan dan gizi berbasis pangan lokal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui permintaan pangan berbagai komoditas sumber karbohidrat di tingkat rumah tangga dengan memasukkan variabel sosial ekonomi yaitu jumlah anggota rumah tangga, status istri bekerja, dan karakterestik kepala keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Susenas tahun 2017 untuk tingkat nasional dari BPS. Permintaan pangan dianalisis dengan menggunakan model AIDS. Hasil analisis mengkonfirmasi bahwa beras masih menjadi komoditas sumber karbohidrat yang paling diminati masyarakat. Roti dan makanan jadi merupakan golongan pangan mewah sedangkan beras, terigu, padi-padian, serta umbi merupakan barang normal. Elastisitas harga sendiri untuk permintaan komoditas beras, terigu, padi-padian, dan umbi bersifat inelastis sedangkan roti dan makanan jadi tergolong elastis. Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan upaya pengurangan konsumsi beras/kapita diantaranya dilakukan melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran anggota rumah tangga mengenai manfaat diversifikasi pangan dan gizi untuk memelihara hidup sehat dan produktif. Pemerintah perlu mewaspadai berlanjutnya peningkatan impor terigu sejalan dengan  pertembuhan ekonomi nasional karena roti dan makanan jadi memiliki elastisitas pendapatan yang tinggi.
Kinerja Rantai Pasok, Dinamika, dan Pembentukan Harga Beras di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Saptana NFN , Suryani Erma , Darmawati Emmy
Published: May 2020

Rice supply chain from producers to consumers in Central Java Province is relatively extensive and it affects rice price establishment. This study aimed to assess rice production performance, dried paddy (GKG) conversion rate into rice, rice supply chain, dynamics of rice prices among seasons and markets, and rice price establishment. This research was conducted in 2018 in rice producing centers in Central Java, namely Sragen, Klaten and Demak Regencies. This province had a rice production surplus and it was marketed mostly to West Java and Jakarta provinces. Conversion rate from paddy to rice varies between 60-65% or an average of 62.74% depending on varieties grown, drying process, and harvesting machine condition. In general, there are six to seven actors in the rice supply chain. During the main harvest in rainy season, paddy and rice prices usually dropped due to abundant supply. However, during the harvest in rain season in 2017/2018, paddy and rice prices remained high. This case indicated that paddy and rice prices establishment were more determined by supply side. It can be concluded that shorten the rice supply chain will increase paddy price at farm level and reduce rice price at consumer level. To shorten the rice supply chain effectively, it is recommended that rice milling process to be done at the milling industry.

 

Abstrak

Rantai pasok beras di Jawa Tengah dari tingkat produsen hingga konsumen masih cukup panjang. Kondisi ini berpengaruh pada pembentukan harga beras. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji kinerja produksi padi, besaran rendemen gabah kering giling (GKG) menjadi beras, kinerja rantai pasok gabah dan beras, dinamika harga beras antar musim dan pasar, dan pembentukan harga beras pada setiap tingkatan pelaku rantai pasok beras. Penelitian dilakukan tahun 2018 di lokasi sentra produksi padi Provinsi Jawa Tengah yaitu Kabupaten Sragen, Klaten, dan Demak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan provinsi ini menghasilkan surplus beras yang dipasarkan terutama ke Jawa Barat dan Jakarta. Tingkat rendemen GKG menjadi beras bervariasi antara 60-65% atau rata-rata 62,74% tergantung varietas, proses pengeringan, dan kondisi mesin panen. Rantai pasok beras cukup panjang, sebanyak enam sampai tujuh pelaku. Sesuai pola yang umum dikenal, pada musim panen raya pada musim hujan (MH) harga gabah dan beras turun, namun pada musim panen raya MH 2017/2018 harga pangan ini tetap tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan pembentukan harga gabah dan beras lebih ditentukan oleh aspek pasokan dibandingkan aspek permintaan. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan pemangkasan rantai pasok gabah dan beras dari petani produsen ke konsumen dapat meningkatkan harga gabah di tingkat petani dan menurunkan harga beras di tingkat konsumen. Agar upaya pemotongan rantai pasok berjalan efektif, maka penggilingan gabah menjadi beras sebaiknya dilakukan di industri penggilingan padi.
Implikasi Kebijakan Harga Eceran Tertinggi Beras Terhadap Profitabilitas Usaha Tani Padi, Harga, Kualitas, serta Serapan Beras
Authors: Rachman Benny , Agustian Adang , Syaifudin Arif
Published: May 2020

In order to maintain the stability of rice price the government establishes rice ceiling price (RCP) policy based on rice quality and distribution areas. This policy was issued through the Minister of Trade Regulation No. 57/2017 in effect since 1 September 2017. This study aims to examine the impact of RCP policy on profitability of rice farming, rice prices in traditional and modern markets, shift in rice quality, and paddy and rice procurement by Perum Bulog. This study was conducted in three rice producing provinces, namely West Java, East Java and South Sulawesi. After implementation of RCP policy, profitability of rice farming increased, market prices for medium quality rose approaching the medium RCP, and premium rice price tended to decline but still stable close to RCP. Most rice sold in the markets shifted from medium to premium quality. Government rice procurement conducted by Bulog decreased significantly. Besides profit margins, lack of binding of broken grain criteria for medium and premium rice qualities and absence of certification regarding the differentiation of both qualities may affect rice quality shifting. It is suggested that RCP policy should implemented with clear and firm regulation on rice quality criteria.

 

Abstrak

Beras merupakan makanan pokok bagi sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia. Dalam upaya menjaga stabilitas harga beras, pemerintah menetapkan patokan harga eceran tertinggi (HET) berdasarkan jenis beras dan wilayah edarnya. Kebijakan ini ditetapkan melalui Permendag No. 57 tahun 2017 yang berlaku sejak 1 September 2017. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implikasi kebijakan penerapan HET beras tersebut terhadap profitabilitas usahatani padi, harga beras di pasar tradisional dan modern, pergeseran kualitas beras yang diperdagangkan, dan penyerapan gabah-beras petani oleh Perum Bulog Kajian dilaksanakan di tiga provinsi sentra beras, yaitu Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur dan Sulawesi Selatan. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas usahatani padi meningkat setelah penetapan HET beras;  harga beras medium cenderung naik mendekati batas HET medium, sedangkan harga beras premium cenderung menurun namun masih stabil tinggi mendekati batas HET premium; kualitas beras yang diperdagangkan sebagian  bermigrasi dari beras medium ke premium; dan pengadaan gabah pemerintah oleh Bulog  serapan gabah-beras petani oleh Bulog mengalami penurunan. Selain margin keuntungan, longgarnya kriteria butir patah beras medium dan premium serta belum adanya sertifikasi mengenai pembedaan kualitas medium dan premium ditengarai menjadi faktor migrasi kualitas beras yang diperdagangkan. Disarankan penetapan HET perlu disertai dengan pengaturan yang lebih tegas mengenai kriteria kualitas beras medium dan premium. Selain itu, pemerintah untuk mengawasi  kepatuhan pedagang, perlu dilakukan  akreditasi terhadap beras premium kemasan yang beredar di pasar.
Efisiensi Teknis Usaha Tani Padi di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Authors: Kartiasih Fitri , Setiawan Adi
Published: May 2020

Rice productivity in Indonesia varied greatly between provinces. Rice productivity in the Bangka Belitung Islands was the lowest figure compared to other provinces in Indonesia from 2013 to 2015. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of rice farming, analyze the technical efficiency and its influencing factors of rice farming, and analyze the income level of rice farming in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. The data used in this study were raw data of the 2014 Household Survey of Rice Crop Farming (SPD 2014) conducted by Statistics Indonesia. The analytical method used was the Stochastic Production Frontier. The results showed that the factors influencing rice production were seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and the use of hired labours. The average level of technical efficiency of rice farmers was 20% of maximum production. This shows that rice farming was not yet efficient. Factors that negatively affect the technical efficiency of rice farming were those among other age of the farmer, land preparation equipment, ownership status of land preparation equipment and the planting system. The results of the study also showed that the more efficient the rice farming, the greater the farmers' income. To increase productivity through increasing technical efficiency, it is recommended that rice farmers are facilitated or supported to use a better quality of rice seed.

 

Abstrak

Produktivitas padi di Indonesia sangat bervariasi antar provinsi, di mana produktivitas padi di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung menunjukkan angka terendah dibandingkan provinsi lain di Indonesia selama tahun 2013 hingga 2015. Tujuan penelitian ini antara lain untuk memberikan gambaran usaha tani padi di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, menganalisis efisiensi teknis usaha tani padi serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, dan menganalisis tingkat pendapatan usaha tani padi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah raw data hasil Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Padi 2014 (SPD 2014). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Stochastic Production Frontier. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi padi di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung adalah penggunaan benih, pupuk, pestisida dan penggunaan pekerja dibayar. Rata-rata tingkat efisiensi teknis petani padi di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung adalah 20% dari produksi maksimum. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani padi belum efisien. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh negatif terhadap infesiensi teknis usaha tani padi adalah faktor umur petani, alat pengolahan lahan, status alat pengolahan lahan dan sistem tanam. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa semakin efisien usaha tani padi maka pendapatan petani juga semakin besar. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dengan cara meningkatkan efisiensi teknis, disarankan petani padi difasilitasi atau didorong untuk menggunakan benih yang berkualitas.
Students as colleagues: The impact of working on campus on students and their attitudes towards the university experience.
Authors: Millard Luke
Published: May 2020

This paper considers research that engaged with a university wide population of students who were employed on campus to better understand why they chose to work alongside their studies; how this impacted upon their attitudes to study and the university, and the benefits for those students.  This paper reveals that the primary motivation to work on campus is the development of skills; considers the nature of those skills and behaviours; discovers the changing relationship between student workers and university staff; and discusses how engagement leads to an enhanced sense of student confidence and belonging.  The paper concludes by considering the implications for the university and sector and how the outcomes might be best deployed for impact on those students who would most benefit.
Occupational benzene exposure and the risk of genetic damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Yanhua , Wang Kun , Wang Boshen , Pu Yuepu , Zhang Juan
Published: May 2020

Background To systematically evaluate the influence of benzene exposure on the genetic damage index of workers, and to explore the influence of low concentration benzene exposure on workers’ genetic damage index using 3.25mg/m3 as the boundary value, in order to provide a basis for improved prevention and control of the harm from benzene exposure to the occupational population. Methods We conducted a search of five databases, including Pub Med, Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wan Fang Data and Chongqing VIP, to identify relevant articles up to December 25, 2018. Two researchers independently extracted and carefully evaluated the data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the literature. The imported articles were managed by Endnote X7, and the data were extracted and sorted by Excel 2013. We utilized Stata 12.0 software to perform the meta-analysis in the present study. Results A total of 68 eligible articles were finally included for the synthetic analyses. The meta-analysis results showed that occupational benzene exposure led to significantly increased Micronucleus (MN) frequency, Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, Chromosome aberration (CA) frequency, Olive Tail moment (OTM), Tail moment (TM), Tail length (TL), and Tail DNA% (T DNA%) compared to the control group (P < 0.05), and the pooled effect value estimates were 1.36, 0.98, 0.76, 1.06, 0.96, 1.78, and 1.42, respectively. Subsequent analysis of the effect of low concentration benzene exposure on genetic damage found significantly increased MN frequency increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Occupational benzene exposure can affect multiple genetic damage indicators. Even at an exposure concentration lower than 3.25mg/m3, benzene exposure has genotoxicity. These data provide an important scientific basis for the further revision of occupational disease prevention strategies in China. At the same time, increased attention should be focused on the health monitoring of the occupational population exposed to benzene, and health management should be strengthened to improve the health of the occupational population.
Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Muluneh Atalay Goshu , Kassa Getahun Molla , Merid Mehari WoldeMariam
Published: May 2020

Background: Though condemned and considered as a crime by the countries government, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a common public health problem in Africa and Ethiopia as well. Every year, more than 3 million females undergo FGM and most of them are in Africa. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of female genital mutilation in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopian demographic and Health Survey 2016 data.Method: This is a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data based on 7,163 women who were included for the FGM interview. The data were weighted using sampling weight as recommended by the program. The MS Excel and ArcGIS 10.3 software were used for data cleaning and spatial analysis respectively. Global and local level clustering was assessed. For the none spatial data and the determinant factors, data cleaning and analysis were done using STATA 14. Since the data has significant clustering with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC=0.61(0.56, 0.65)], a multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with a P-value <0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% CI of adjusted odds ratio were reported as a statistically significant determinant of FGM.Result: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered (Global Moran’s I: 0.46, p<0.001). Significant hot spot clusters were found in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions. Mothers age >30 (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.78,3.26) years, never in union (AOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.44), currently not working (AOR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.92), women who considered FGM to be continued (AOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.75, 4.68), not heard of FGM (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.08,0.62), had no formal education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), Muslim (AOR=3.90, 95%CI:2.5, 6.09) and protestant (AOR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.97), and those who thought of FGM required by religion (AOR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.31,2.99) were found to be significant determinants of female genital mutilation.Conclusion: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered with hotspot areas located:in Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP regions. Age of the mother, religion, occupation, educational level, marital status, information about Female genital mutilation, and intention about FGM to be stopped or continued were significant determinants of female genital mutilation
The Association of Hearing Impairment and Its Severity with Physical and Mental Health among Chinese Middle-aged and Older Adults
Authors: Ye Xin , Zhu Dawei , Chen Siyuan , He Ping
Published: May 2020

Background: Hearing loss is a common chronic condition which can be closely related with people’s health. However, current studies on this topic are quite limited in developing countries, and few with standardized audiometric measurement and multiple health outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between hearing impairment and its severity with physical and mental health among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Methods: We obtained data from two sources: (1) China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011, 2013, and 2015, in which hearing impairment was measured by asking whether participants aged 45 years old had hearing problems; and (2) Hearing Survey 2019, the baseline survey of a randomized controlled trial conducted in Shandong Province of China, including 376 middle-aged and older participants. The severity of hearing impairment was identified by pure tone average of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Results: In CHARLS, 1248 (8.36%) participants suffered from hearing impairment at baseline, and hearing-impaired individuals were more likely to have chronic diseases, impaired activities of daily living (ADLs), impaired instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and depressive symptoms. For the 376 hearing-impaired participants in Hearing Survey 2019, 30.32%, 38.30% and 31.38% of them had moderate, severe and profound hearing impairment, respectively. As the severity of hearing impairment increased, individuals were likely to have impaired ADLs, impaired IADLs and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Hearing impairment and its severity were closely related to multiple physical and mental health outcomes among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Actions should be taken to prevent and treat hearing impairment, so as to improve people’s health and well-being.
Clinical assessment of three-dimensional printing assisted osteotomy guide plates in precise osteotomy of adult talipes equinovarus
Authors: Zhang Yuan-Wei , Xiong Liang-Yu , Huang Zu-Tai , Gao Wen-Cheng , Xiao Xin , Zhang Su-Li , Ni Wen-Yan , Deng Liang
Published: May 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Adipose Stem Cells from Type 2 Diabetic Mice Exhibit Therapeutic Potential in Wound Healing
Authors: Sun Yongfa , Song Lili , Zhang Yong , Wang Hongjun , Dong Xiao
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Diabetic patients suffer from impaired wound healing. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy represents a promising approach toward improving skin wound healing through release of soluble growth factors and cytokines that stimulate new vessel formation and modulate inflammation. Whether adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) from type 2 diabetes donors are suitable for skin damage repair remains largely unknown. METHODS: In this study, we compared the phenotype and functionality of ASCs harvested from high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D or control mice, and assessed their abilities to promote wound healing in an excisional wound splinting mouse model with T2D. RESULTS: T2D ASCs expressed similar cellular markers as control ASCs, but secreted less hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). T2D ASCs were somewhat less effective in promoting healing of the wound, as manifested by slightly reduced re-epithelialization, cutaneous appendage regeneration, and collagen III deposition in wound tissues. In vitro, T2D ASCs promoted proliferation and migration of skin fibroblasts to a comparable extent as control ASCs via suppression of inflammation and macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: From these findings, we conclude that, although ASCs from T2D mice are marginally inferior to control ASCs, they possess comparable therapeutic effects in wound healing.