bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fare Optimality Analysis of Urban Rail Transit under Various Objective Functions
Authors: Deng Lianbo , Zhang Zhao , Liu Kangni , Zhou Wenliang , Ma Junfeng
Published: August 2014

Urban rail transit fare strategies include fare structures and fare levels. We propose a rail transit line fare decision based on an operating plan that falls under elastic demand. Combined with the train operation plan, considering flat fare and distance-based fare, and based on the benefit analysis of both passenger flow and operating enterprises, we construct the objective functions and build an optimization model in terms of the operators’ interests, the system’s efficiency, system regulation goals, and the system costs. The solving algorithm based on the simulated annealing algorithm is established. Using as an example the Changsha Metro Line 2, we analyzed the optimized results of different models under the two fare structures system. Finally the recommendations of fare strategies are given.
Spillways Scheduling for Flood Control of Three Gorges Reservoir Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming Model
Authors: Feng Maoyuan , Liu Pan
Published: August 2014

This study proposes a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to optimize the spillways scheduling for reservoir flood control. Unlike the conventional reservoir operation model, the proposed MILP model specifies the spillways status (including the number of spillways to be open and the degree of the spillway opened) instead of reservoir release, since the release is actually controlled by using the spillway. The piecewise linear approximation is used to formulate the relationship between the reservoir storage and water release for a spillway, which should be open/closed with a status depicted by a binary variable. The control order and symmetry rules of spillways are described and incorporated into the constraints for meeting the practical demand. Thus, a MILP model is set up to minimize the maximum reservoir storage. The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) and IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio (CPLEX) software are used to find the optimal solution for the proposed MILP model. The China’s Three Gorges Reservoir, whose spillways are of five types with the total number of 80, is selected as the case study. It is shown that the proposed model decreases the flood risk compared with the conventional operation and makes the operation more practical by specifying the spillways status directly.
The Influence of Tone Inventory on ERP without Focal Attention: A Cross-Language Study
Authors: Zheng Hong-Ying , Peng Gang , Chen Jian-Yong , Zhang Caicai , Minett James W. , Wang William S-Y.
Published: August 2014

This study investigates the effect of tone inventories on brain activities underlying pitch without focal attention. We find that the electrophysiological responses to across-category stimuli are larger than those to within-category stimuli when the pitch contours are superimposed on nonspeech stimuli; however, there is no electrophysiological response difference associated with category status in speech stimuli. Moreover, this category effect in nonspeech stimuli is stronger for Cantonese speakers. Results of previous and present studies lead us to conclude that brain activities to the same native lexical tone contrasts are modulated by speakers’ language experiences not only in active phonological processing but also in automatic feature detection without focal attention. In contrast to the condition with focal attention, where phonological processing is stronger for speech stimuli, the feature detection (pitch contours in this study) without focal attention as shaped by language background is superior in relatively regular stimuli, that is, the nonspeech stimuli. The results suggest that Cantonese listeners outperform Mandarin listeners in automatic detection of pitch features because of the denser Cantonese tone system.
Low-Power Optically Controlled Patch Antenna of Reconfigurable Beams
Authors: Zhao Deshuang , Han Yifei , Liang Feng , Zhang Qiaoli , Wang Bing-Zhong
Published: August 2014

A novel compact beam-reconfigurable patch antenna based on light control of no more than 30 mW optical powers is successfully demonstrated. It consists of one T-shape driven patch and one slot-etched parasitic patch. A silicon dice is employed as the photoconductive switch that is bridged across the slot center for optical control of reconfigurable beams. The antenna greatly reduces the total optical powers required for reconfigurable beams. Such design is based on the fact that the current phase change of the parasitic patch is sensitive to the conductivity of the silicon dice. A few conductivity changes of the silicon dice induced by the optical light can lead to a big phase change of the parasitic patch currents, eventually resulting in reconfigurable beams with low optical power requirement.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Based on Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator
Authors: Zhu Yue , Zhu Sihong
Published: August 2014

This paper presents an original adaptive sliding mode control strategy for a class of nonlinear systems on the basis of uncertainty and disturbance estimator. The nonlinear systems can be with parametric uncertainties as well as unmatched uncertainties and external disturbances. The novel adaptive sliding mode control has several advantages over traditional sliding mode control method. Firstly, discontinuous sign function does not exist in the proposed adaptive sliding mode controller, and it is not replaced by saturation function or similar approximation functions as well. Therefore, chattering is avoided in essence, and the chattering avoidance is not at the cost of reducing the robustness of the closed‐loop systems. Secondly, the uncertainties do not need to satisfy matching condition and the bounds of uncertainties are not required to be unknown. Thirdly, it is proved that the closed‐loop systems have robustness to parameter uncertainties as well as unmatched model uncertainties and external disturbances. The robust stability is analyzed from a second‐order linear time invariant system to a nonlinear system gradually. Simulation on a pendulum system with motor dynamics verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Phase I Study of the First-in-Class Antimitochondrial Metabolism Agent, CPI-613, in Patients with Advanced Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Pardee Timothy S. , Lee King , Luddy John , Maturo Claudia , Rodriguez Robert , Isom Scott , Miller Lance D. , Stadelman Kristin M. , Levitan Denise , Hurd David , Ellis Leslie R. , Harrelson Robin , Manuel Megan , Dralle Sarah , Lyerly Susan , Powell Bayard L.
Published: August 2014

Purpose: The lipoate derivative CPI-613 is a first-in-class agent that targets mitochondrial metabolism. This study determined the effects of CPI-613 on mitochondrial function and defined the MTD, pharmacokinetics, and safety in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies.

Experimental Design: Human leukemia cell lines were exposed to CPI-613 and mitochondrial function was assayed. A phase I trial was conducted in which CPI-613 was given as a 2-hour infusion on days 1 and 4 for 3 weeks every 28 days.

Results: CPI-613 inhibited mitochondrial respiration of human leukemia cells consistent with the proposed mechanism of action. In the phase I trial, 26 patients were enrolled. CPI-613 was well tolerated with no marrow suppression observed. When the infusion time was shortened to 1 hour, renal failure occurred in 2 patients. At 3,780 mg/m2, there were two dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). At a dose of 2,940 mg/m2 over 2 hours, no DLTs were observed, establishing this as the MTD. Renal failure occurred in a total of 4 patients and resolved in all but 1, who chose hospice care. CPI-613 has a triphasic elimination with an alpha half-life of approximately 1.34 hours. Of the 21 evaluable, heavily pretreated patients, 4 achieved an objective response and 2 achieved prolonged stabilization of disease for a clinical benefit rate of 29%. Following drug exposure, gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from responders demonstrated immune activation.

Conclusion: CPI-613 inhibits mitochondrial function and demonstrates activity in a heavily pretreated cohort of patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(20); 5255–64. ©2014 AACR.
Effects of Intravenous Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy versus Gabapentin in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Chronic Epilepsy in Rats
Authors: Mohammed Amira S. , Ewais Mohammed M. , Tawfik Mona K. , Essawy Soha S.
Published: August 2014

Aim: The identification and application of stem cells to treat central nervous system disorders represent a dramatic evolution and expansion into the realms of neurorestoration and neuroregeneration. The aim of this study was to assess the possible ameliorative effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in comparison to gabapentin on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptogenesis and its consequences. Methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into 4 equal groups; group I: saline-injected group, group II: PTZ group, which received 13 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of PTZ (30 mg/kg) 3 times/week, groups III and IV: groups received PTZ and were treated with i.p. gabapentin (200 mg/kg) 60 min before each PTZ injection (group III) or a single intravenous injection of 106 MSCs/rat at day 22 (group IV). Results: Treatment with either gabapentin or MSCs demonstrated a significant improvement in the PTZ-induced epileptogenesis and its severe consequences, i.e. oxidative stress damage, motor and cognitive impairments. Moreover, they enhanced the GABA neurotransmitter levels. Meanwhile, MSC administration to chronic epileptic rats afforded more ameliorative effects on PTZ-induced epileptogenesis and its severe consequences in comparison to gabapentin. Conclusion: These data indicate that MSCs were superior to gabapentin in ameliorating PTZ-induced epileptogenesis and verified the potential use of MSCs in seizure control, motor and cognitive impairments, oxidative stress, and the impairing GABA level in experimentally induced epilepsy.
Antifailure Therapy Including Spironolactone Improves Left Ventricular Energy Supply‐Demand Relations in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bell Susan P. , Adkisson Douglas W. , Lawson Mark A. , Wang Li , Ooi Henry , Sawyer Douglas B. , Kronenberg Marvin W.
Published: August 2014

Background

Left ventricular (
LV
) energy supply‐demand imbalance is postulated to cause “energy starvation” and contribute to heart failure (
HF
) in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (
NIDCM
). Using cardiac magnetic resonance (
CMR
) and [
11
C] acetate positron emission tomography (
PET
), we evaluated
LV
perfusion and oxidative metabolism in
NIDCM
and the effects of spironolactone on
LV
supply‐demand relations.

Methods and Results

Twelve patients with
NIDCM
underwent
CMR
and
PET
at baseline and after ≥6 months of spironolactone therapy added to a standard
HF
regimen. The myocardial perfusion reserve index (
MPRI
) was calculated after gadolinium injection during adenosine, as compared to rest. The monoexponential clearance rate of [
11
C] acetate (k
mono
) was used to calculate the work metabolic index (
WMI
), an index of
LV
mechanical efficiency, and k
mono
/
RPP
(rate‐pressure product), an index of energy supply/demand. At baseline, the subendocardium was hypoperfused versus the subepicardium (median
MPRI,
1.63 vs. 1.80;
P
<0.001), but improved to 1.80 (
P
<0.001) after spironolactone. The
WMI
increased (
P
=0.001), as did k
mono
/
RPP
(
P
=0.003). These improvements were associated with reverse remodeling, increased
LV ejection fraction
, and decreases in
LV
mass and systolic wall stress (all
P
<0.002).

Conclusions

NIDCM
is associated with subendocardial hypoperfusion and impaired myocardial oxidative metabolism, consistent with energy starvation. Antifailure therapy improves parameters of energy starvation and is associated with augmented
LV
performance.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
Unique identifier: ID NCT00574119.
Plasma Phospholipid
Trans
‐Fatty Acids Levels, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Total Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Wang Qianyi , Imamura Fumiaki , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Rimm Eric B. , Wang Molin , King Irena B. , Song Xiaoling , Siscovick David , Mozaffarian Dariush
Published: August 2014

Background

While self‐reported
trans–
fatty acid (
TFA
) consumption is linked to coronary heart disease (
CHD
), relationships between objective biomarkers of
TFA
subtypes (
t‐
16:1n9, total
t‐
18:1, and
cis
/
trans‐
(
c
/
t‐
),
t
/
c‐
and
t
/
t‐
18:2) and cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) or total mortality are not well established.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 2742 adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study, aged 74±5 years and free of prevalent
CVD
, with plasma phospholipid
TFA
measures in 1992. Incident fatal and nonfatal
CHD
events,
CVD
and non‐
CVD
mortality, and total mortality were centrally adjudicated through 2010. Risks were assessed using Cox proportional hazards. During 31 494 person‐years, 1735 total deaths and 639 total
CHD
events occurred. In the multivariate model including mutual adjustment for the 5
TFA
subtypes, circulating
t
/
t‐
18:2 was associated with higher total mortality (extreme quintile hazard ratio (
HR
)=1.23, 95%
CI
=1.04 to 1.44,
P
‐trend=0.01),
CVD
mortality (
HR
=1.40, 95%
CI
=1.05 to 1.86,
P
‐trend=0.02), and total
CHD
(
HR
=1.39, 95%
CI
=1.06 to 1.83,
P
‐trend=0.01).
t
/
c‐
18:2 was positively related to total mortality (
HR
=1.19,
P
‐trend=0.05), total
CHD
(
HR
=1.67,
P
‐trend=0.002), and nonfatal
CHD
(
HR
=2.06,
P
‐trend=0.002) after mutual adjustment; these associations were insignificant without mutual adjustment. Neither
t‐
16:1n9 nor
t‐
18:1 was significantly associated with total mortality or
CVD
, nor was
c
/
t
‐18:2 if we excluded early cases.

Conclusions

Among circulating
TFA
s,
t
/
t‐
18:2 was most adversely associated with total mortality, mainly due to the increased risk of
CVD
.
t
/
c‐
18:2 was also positively associated with total mortality and
CHD
, but only after adjustment for other
TFA
s. These results highlight the need for further investigation of dietary sources, nondietary determinants, and health effects of specific
TFA
subtypes, especially
t
‐18:2 isomers.
Challenge and Disqualification of Arbitrators in International Investment Arbitration: An Overview
Authors: Cristani Federica
Published: August 2014

A significantly small spectrum of arbitrators – i.e. 15 – have sat on the panels making up 55 percent of the 518 investment treaty disputes known today. This has produced considerable, real or perceived, conflicts of interests, whether personal, professional or case- or issue-related. This article addresses the requirements of independence and impartiality of arbitrators under the institutional rules and the relevant ethical codes, together with a survey of the most significant case law on the matter.
Equity in the 2015 Climate Agreement
Authors: Voigt Christina
Published: August 2014

The success of the negotiations under the adp will depend, among other things, on a common understanding of equitable sharing of efforts and benefits. An equitable climate regime needs to be based on differentiation that is flexible and dynamic and only granted on a temporary basis. Finding reliable yet flexible and dynamic ways for allocating rights and responsibilities accordingly may be the main and toughest task in multilateral environmental treaty-making. This article anslyses differentiation in various multilateral environmental agreements and identifies ways for differentiating between states that could be helpful in a climate context.
The Limits of Pricing Carbon
Authors: Driesen David M.
Published: August 2014

Many analysts agree that we need to put a price on carbon through either a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade program. And yet, some of the most dramatic successes in carbon abatement have come from policies that do not put a price on carbon. This article considers some of the limits to price as an effective mechanism for transformation of the fossil fuel economy.
Taxonomic value of morphological and morphometrical characters in the immature stages of four species of Kampimodromus Nesbitt (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Italy and Croatia
Authors: Cargnus Elena , Zandigiacomo Pietro
Published: August 2014

The immature stages of four species of Kampimodromus Nesbitt (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Italy and Croatia have been studied and identified both at stage and species level. Larval stages of Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka and all immature stages of Kampimodromus ericinus Ragusa di Chiara & Tsolakis and Kampimodromus langei Wainstein & Arutunjan are described for the first time. The relative length of the posterior dorsal setae Z4 make the larvae of Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) easy to separate from those of the other three species. Nymphs of each species had similar diagnostics to the adults of the respective species. Ontogeny of the idiosomal and leg setation of the Kampimodromus immatures studied in comparison to the available data from immatures of other phytoseiid species is discussed. The length of seta Z4 in the K. aberrans larva, and the number of setae on leg IV of the deutonymphs of the four Kampimodromus species, are proposed as additional taxonomic traits for Phytoseiidae.
Nine new species of Phoridae (Insecta: Diptera) from Spain
Authors: GARCÍA-ROMERA CARLOS , BARRIENTOS JOSE ANTONIO
Published: August 2014

One new species of Triphleba Rondani and eight new species of Megaselia Rondani are described from Montseny Natural Park (mainland Spain). The new species are Megaselia arbuciensis García-Romera sp.nov., Megaselia barrientosi García-Romera sp. nov., Megaselia callunae García-Romera sp. nov., Megaselia carminis García-Romera sp. nov., Megaselia ivanis García-Romera sp. nov., Megaselia longianalis García-Romera sp. nov., Megaselia montseniensis García-Romera sp. nov., Megaselia sarae García-Romera sp. nov., Triphleba beatricis García-Romera sp. nov.
Contribution of Dynamic Vegetation Phenology to Decadal Climate Predictability
Authors: Weiss Martina , Miller Paul A. , van den Hurk Bart J. J. M. , van Noije Twan , Ştefănescu Simona , Haarsma Reindert , van Ulft Lambertus H. , Hazeleger Wilco , Le Sager Philippe , Smith Benjamin , Schurgers Guy
Published: August 2014

In this study, the impact of coupling and initializing the leaf area index from the dynamic vegetation model Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS) is analyzed on skill of decadal predictions in the fully coupled atmosphere–land–ocean–sea ice model, the European Consortium Earth System Model (EC-Earth). Similar to the impact of initializing the model with the observed oceanic state, initializing the leaf area index (LAI) fields obtained from an offline LPJ-GUESS simulation forced by the observed atmospheric state leads to a systematic drift. A different treatment of the water and soil moisture budget in LPJ-GUESS is a likely cause of this drift. The coupled system reduces the cold bias of the reference model over land by reducing LAI (and the associated evaporative cooling), particularly outside the growing season. The coupling with the interactive vegetation module implies more degrees of freedom in the coupled model, which generates more noise that can mask a portion of the extra signal that is generated. The forecast reliability improves marginally, particularly early in the forecast. Ranked probability skill scores are also improved slightly in most areas analyzed, but the signal is not fully coherent over the forecast interval because of the relatively low number of ensemble members. Methods to remove the LAI drift and allow coupling of other variables probably need to be implemented before significant forecast skill can be expected.
Power Performance Measurements of the NREL CART-2 Wind Turbine Using a Nacelle-Based Lidar Scanner
Authors: Rettenmeier Andreas , Schlipf David , Würth Ines , Cheng Po Wen
Published: August 2014

Different certification procedures in wind energy, such as power performance testing or load estimation, require measurements of the wind speed, which is set in relation to the electrical power output or the turbine loading. The wind shear affects the behavior of the turbine as hub heights and rotor diameters of modern wind turbines increase. Different measurement methods have been developed to take the wind shear into account. In this paper an approach is presented where the wind speed is measured from the nacelle of a wind turbine using a scanning lidar system.

The measurement campaign was performed on the two-bladed Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART-2) at the National Wind Technology Center in Colorado. The wind speed of the turbine inflow was measured and recalculated in three different ways: using an anemometer installed on a meteorological mast, using the nacelle-based lidar scanner, and using the wind turbine itself. Here, the wind speed was recalculated from turbine data using the wind turbine as a big horizontal anemometer. Despite the small number of useful data, the correlation between this so-called rotor effective wind speed and the wind speed measured by the scanning nacelle-based lidar is high.

It could be demonstrated that a nacelle-based scanning lidar system provides accurate measurements of the wind speed converted by a wind turbine. This is a first step, and it provides evidence to support further investigations using a much more extensive dataset and refines the parameters in the measurement process.
The Importance of the Assumption of Uncorrelated Errors in Psychometric Theory
Authors: Raykov Tenko , Marcoulides George A. , Patelis Thanos
Published: August 2014

A critical discussion of the assumption of uncorrelated errors in classical psychometric theory and its applications is provided. It is pointed out that this assumption is essential for a number of fundamental results and underlies the concept of parallel tests, the Spearman–Brown’s prophecy and the correction for attenuation formulas as well as the discrepancy between observed and true correlations, and the upper bound property of the reliability index with respect to validity. These relationships are shown not to hold if the errors of considered pairs of tests are correlated. The assumption of lack of error correlation is demonstrated not to be testable using standard covariance structure analysis for pairs of indivisible measures evaluating the same true score with identical error variances.
Consumption of Wood Products and Dependence on Imports
Authors: Bit Jayita , Banerjee Sarmila
Published: August 2014

This article has made an attempt to assess the prospect of sustainable forest management for an emerging economy, like India, where the area under forest coverage has gone up marginally over the last three decades in spite of population growth and rapid urbanization. A conscious attempt towards conservation is noted from the supply side. However, with rapid income growth, given the high demand elasticity of the wood-based products, there is a sharply growing gap between demand and supply. The import of forestry-based products is increasing in terms of volume, value and unit prices throughout this period, and the major importers of raw and semi-finished forestry-based inputs are the South and East Asian countries. India’s unleashed demand (met through import from outside) will eventually have its impact (like China) on reduced wood stock of the other countries and the consequent pressure on the climatic cycle of the planet will not only thwart the process of economic development but mere sustainable existence of the system will be doubtful. This pattern of the use of forest and wood-related products is indicating the absence of any consistently designed integrated policy position towards forest conservation. If no restriction is imposed from the demand-side, mere supply-side management would be inadequate to ensure sustainable forest use in the near future.
IR Theory Built on the Founders’ Principles with Empirical Application to Australia
Authors: Kaufman Bruce E. , Barry Michael
Published: August 2014

The authors identify 10 core principles of industrial relations (IR) theory and policy, based on the writings of British IR founders Beatrice Webb and Sidney Webb and U.S. IR founder John Commons. These principles are then represented diagrammatically in an expanded IR version of the Marshallian demand/supply (DS) model. The DS and IR models, representing on one side the merits of abstraction and parsimony and on the other realism and complexity, are applied to a case study: an analysis and explanation of the reasons behind the formation of the Australian IR system in the 1890s and its evolution to 2010. Although the DS model captures important forces behind the shift from a centralized and unionized employment system in the early period to a significantly decentralized and deunionized system in the latter period, the evidence indicates the extra structural and behavioral elements in the IR model are important for a full and accurate explanation.
Value Adaptation Among Intra-European Migrants
Authors: Rudnev Maksim
Published: August 2014

This article challenges the common assumption that basic human values remain stable during the lifetime of an individual. It demonstrates that migrants’ values are highly likely to change after emigrating to a new country. Using cross-sectional data, we estimated the link between individual values of intra-European migrants and country of birth and residence, as well as values that are common there. Values were measured by Schwartz’s questionnaire as well as Inglehart’s Self-Expression items. Cross-classified multilevel regression models were applied to the sample of migrants, selected from five rounds of the European Social Survey. The results demonstrated the significance of both the country of residence and the country of birth as well as values, which are common in these countries. Surprisingly, the association of migrants’ values with the country of residence appeared to be higher than the one of country of birth. Furthermore, migrants’ values better correspond to values that are common in the country of residence than values widespread in the country of birth. Assuming that value-based self-selection of migrants is negligible, the results support the idea that basic values are subject to change over an individual life span and not only during one’s formative years.
Go beyond the Classroom to Help Immigrant and Refugee Students Succeed
Authors: Kugler Eileen Gale , Price Olga Acosta
Published: August 2014

School-based mental health services that partner with families open doors to academic achievement.
Tension between Students and Teachers in Urban High Schools
Authors: Cheung Rebecca
Published: August 2014

School leaders must learn new ways to nurture teachers who are faced with students who resist learning.
Playing ‘Catch-up’ with Developing Nations Makes No Sense for U.S.: An Interview with Yong Zhao
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: August 2014

The United States should deepen what it does best, rather than trying to catch up to developing nations.
Elements of Stylish Teaching: Lessons from Strunk and White
Authors: Bergman Daniel J. , Bergman Cathlina C.
Published: August 2014

Good teaching is like good writing. The principles of good writing from one of the English language's best-known how-to books can help teachers improve their style.
Reaching Boys: An International Study of Effective Teaching Practices
Authors: Reichert Michael , Hawley Richard
Published: August 2014

If there is a crisis in boys' education, answers are not hard to find. Thousands of teachers around the world have found the secret to making lessons successful for boys.
Service Learning Promotes Positive Youth Development in High School
Authors: Zaff Jonathan F. , Lerner Richard M.
Published: August 2014

Both youths and communities benefit when students engage in service learning in and out of school.
Service Learning Enhances Education for Young Adolescents
Authors: Payne Kathy , Edwards Betty
Published: August 2014

Service learning can reinforce learning for middle grades students, launch them into the process for independence in a prosocial manner, and develop the competencies and civic skills they need as they move toward adulthood.
Readers Theater: A Motivating Method to Improve Reading Fluency
Authors: Clementi Lara Beth
Published: August 2014

Even reluctant readers perk up when teachers use a reading practice that is fun for students, even in the content areas, as well as effective.
Writing a Philosophy of Education for a New Curriculum: Turning a Dull Task into a Party
Authors: Stitzlein Sarah M.
Published: August 2014

Many educators find education philosophy to be deadly dull. But if done right, it can be an enjoyable and productive party.
Sharing Practice through Socratic Seminars
Authors: Mangrum Jennifer R.
Published: August 2014

Sometimes, what teachers need most is to just talk with each other. The Socratic seminars were one school's way of making that happen.
From Ringmaster to Conductor: 10 Simple Techniques can Turn an Unruly Class into a Productive One
Authors: Kraft Matthew A.
Published: August 2014

Students deserve teachers who are encouraging conductors of learning rather than domineering ringmasters focused on maintaining order.
Teacher Unions and New Forms of Teacher Compensation
Authors: Koppich Julia E.
Published: August 2014

Engaging teacher unions in the substantive work of redesigning teacher pay is an essential precondition to making progress.
LGBT Educators' Perceptions of School Climate
Authors: Wright Tiffany E.
Published: August 2014

Administrators' attitudes and district policies can make significant contributions to creating safe environments for LGBT educators.
Nine Lessons for Turning around Failing Schools
Authors: Murphy Joseph
Published: August 2014

Studying turnaround literature about noneducation organizations provides some crucial lessons for educators — if they are willing to heed the advice.
Red Bull, Starbucks, and the Changing Face of Teacher Education
Authors: Ewbank Ann Dutton , Foulger Teresa S. , Carter Heather L.
Published: August 2014

Colleges of education should be leading the way in using the new social media for education. Instead, they just don't get it.
The Pedagogy of Poverty versus Good Teaching
Authors: Haberman Martin
Published: August 2014

It will be formidably difficult to institutionalize new forms of pedagogy for the children of poverty, but it is worthwhile to define and describe such alternatives.
Education and the Role of the Educator in the Future
Authors: Jukes Ian , McCain Ted , Crockett Lee
Published: August 2014

The world is changing, and our mandate is to prepare students for their lives in the future.
Revitalizing Communities in New Mexico
Authors: Pitzl Jerry
Published: August 2014

Schools are an essential part of the work of stopping the downward spiral of rural communities in New Mexico.
Creating Virtual Classrooms for Rural and Remote Communities
Authors: Rao Kavita , Eady Michelle , Edelen-Smith Patricia
Published: August 2014

Online learning may be the key to enabling people in less populous areas to earn teaching degrees and other professional certificates.
Reach Teachers Now to Ensure Common Core Success
Authors: Lee James O.
Published: August 2014

Top-down implementation of common standards ignores the realities of instruction and the conservative culture of schools.
The Power of Story — to Teach, to Reach, to Inspire
Authors: Unkovich Anna
Published: August 2014

Reading stories to students is a strategy that works with all students, all grade levels, and all subjects.
Kappan Classic: Shifts in Reform Influence How and What Teachers Learn
Authors: McLaughlin Milbrey W.
Published: August 2014

As the context changes, expectations for teacher learning also change.
Manage “Human Capital” Strategically
Authors: Odden Allan
Published: August 2014

Managing people wisely should be at the core of all school or district improvement work.
Hitting the Reset Button: Using Formative Assessment to Guide Instruction
Authors: Dirksen Debra J.
Published: August 2014

Formative assessments can transform students' failure to master skills or concepts into a second chance to learn.
Making and Measuring the California History Standards
Authors: Fogo Bradley
Published: August 2014

The story of California's history-social science framework, standards, and tests sheds light on how and why education reforms evolve and change, at times become inconsistent, and often produce unintended consequences.
Classroom Misbehavior is Predictable and Preventable
Authors: Landrum Timothy J. , Scott Terrance M. , Lingo Amy S.
Published: August 2014

Look for the keys to curbing bad behavior in the patterns and problems of the student offenders; then serve up a healthy dose of engaging lessons.
Transformation or Decline?: Using Tough Times to Create Higher-Performing Schools
Authors: Miles Karen Hawley
Published: August 2014

Seven key strategies can be the difference between hunkering down while the fiscal storm rages on and facing a bright new day stronger than before.
Homelessness Comes to School
Authors: Murphy Joseph F. , Tobin Kerri J.
Published: August 2014

How homeless children and youths can succeed Researchers and advocates have identified successful strategies for schools enrolling homeless students. KERRI J. TOBIN is an assistant professor of education at Marywood University, Scranton, Penn. They are co-authors of Homelessness Comes to School (Corwin Press, 2011).
Super Teachers
Authors: Corda Salvatore J.
Published: August 2014

Superintendents must be strong leaders, operations experts, and budget gurus. But, most importantly, superintendents must be good teachers.
Rightsizing a School District
Authors: Esselman Mary , Lee-Gwin Rebecca , Rounds Michael
Published: August 2014

A dramatic self-examination led the Kansas City, Mo., public schools to close schools and cut $68 million from its annual budget.
Is Modeling Enough?
Authors: Goslin Khym G.
Published: August 2014

Leaders must be explicit if they want teachers and others to get the messages they're trying to communicate.
Walk, Don't Run — to Online Learning
Authors: Journell Wayne
Published: August 2014

The financial lure of lower-cost online learning during a period of tight budgets shouldn't prompt schools to proceed before giving serious consideration to a multitude of factors.
Abandoning Superman
Authors: Spencer John T.
Published: August 2014

A decision to return to being a classroom teacher is tempered by understanding that teachers measure their success in many ways.
Why don't we Learn at Education Conferences?
Authors: Levin Ben
Published: August 2014

We are learning more all the time about how children learn. Let's apply some of those simple, helpful pedagogies to the myriad presentations and seminars at education conferences. Who knows, maybe we'll learn something – and remember it.
Making Meaning Strategies for Literacy Learning
Authors: Styslinger Mary E.
Published: August 2014

The unique characteristics of students with Asperger syndrome mean teachers must think strategically about how to ensure that they become proficient readers.
All Kids Deserve a Chance
Authors: Campbell Gayle
Published: August 2014

The only thing worse than struggling up a mountain of mud to get to school is learning that your teacher isn't there and that your education ends at age 11.
Got it Wrong? Think Again and Again
Authors: Miller Donna L.
Published: August 2014

The best environment for learning is one that forces students to work through a succession of wrong answers and predispositions until they get to real learning.
New “Chief” Will Stay the Course
Authors: Colvin Richard Lee
Published: August 2014

Choosing Chris Minnich to lead the Council of Chief State School Officers means the organization likely will stay focused on helping states adopt and adapt to the Common Core.
Seven Ways to Kill RTI
Authors: Noll Brandi
Published: August 2014

Even good interventions can go bad if they're not planned and supported well. Heed some warning signs about Response to Intervention.
Penn State University: Let's Learn Together…
Authors: Burns Rebecca West , Yendol-Hoppey Diane , Nolan James F. , Badiali Bernard J.
Published: August 2014

Real change and improvement in teacher education will come by joining the classroom with the university, a move that improves learning for students, teachers, and teacher educators.
Does Safety Conflict with Parental Rights?
Authors: Darden Edwin C.
Published: August 2014

As America works to make schools safer for children, how will we preserve parents' ability to have reasonable access to support their children in school?
Urban Education Challenges around the Globe
Authors: Levin Ben
Published: August 2014

A global education network of urban districts explores common problems with the hope of identifying and sharing successful responses.
The Best IDEA: Including Everyone
Authors: Albers Skylar , Goblirsch Taylor
Published: August 2014

Student authors say everyone is better off having all children in their classes.
England Mulls Privatizing Many Schools
Authors: Mansell Warwick
Published: August 2014

The English equivalent of charter schools is more expensive than anticipated, so now there's an effort to cut costs through privatization.
Habits Improve Classroom Discussions
Authors: Bambrick-Santoyo Paul
Published: August 2014

To ensure the best and most useful classroom discussions, teach the building blocks of listening, articulating, exchanging ideas, and synthesizing new knowledge.
Rookie Teachers Need Dress Rehearsals Too
Authors: Bambrick-Santoyo Paul
Published: August 2014

Before the curtain rises on the school year, the newest teachers should have practiced time and again what they will encounter their first days of school.
Today's Lesson: Self-Directed Learning … for Teachers
Authors: Ferriter William M. , Provenzano Nicholas
Published: August 2014

Young educators are replacing professional development sessions and conferences with Twitter, blogs, and Edcamps as their preferred ways to learn and share new ideas.
Common Core in the Real World
Authors: Hess Frederick M. , McShane Michael Q.
Published: August 2014

Created to fix problems that NCLB either started or couldn't fix itself, the Common Core faces its own challenges — seen and unseen — during implementation.
Rookie Teachers: The First 90 Days
Authors: Bambrick-Santoyo Paul
Published: August 2014

The first few months for new teachers provide opportunities to teach them complex skills that will help improve student learning.
Teachers Empower Data
Authors: Ralston Christine R.
Published: August 2014

Data are meaningless until teachers add their expertise.
After the Tragedy Caring for the Caregivers
Authors: Crepeau-Hobson Franci , Kanan Linda M.
Published: August 2014

Schools are not truly prepared to respond to tragedy until and unless they also have plans for caring for the people who must care for those affected by the crisis.
It's All about Relationships
Authors: LaPoma Jenny , Kantor Haley
Published: August 2014

Two future teachers reflect on the value of developing trusting relationships with students.
Tale of two Schools
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: August 2014

Charter schools claim to offer a solid education to children whose neighborhood schools are failing, but they're also an admission that we've given up on holding the traditional school system accountable.
Time for détente between Charter and Traditional Public Schools
Authors: Foster Anne
Published: August 2014

Both forms of public schools can share the blame for failing students. But, more important, they should share the wealth when the find successful concepts that can help all students.
Helping Underprivileged Children Succeed
Authors: Sela Israel , Cooper Bruce S.
Published: August 2014

An after-school program encourages at-risk teens to stay in school by providing tutoring, therapy, and enrichment.
Deconstructing the Pyramid of Prejudice
Authors: Shields David Light
Published: August 2014

On the surface, negative comments by students about race, gender, or sexual preference may seem to be part of the benign banter of youth, but they're exactly where teachers should start their battle — and lessons — to build a better child and world.
Lessons on Writing, Collaboration, and Empathy
Authors: Deitz Zachary
Published: August 2014

One student's experience cowriting and editing a book helped him see himself and his classmates differently.
Amid the Chaos of Washington Lies Opportunity
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: August 2014

Education authorization measures languish in the rancorous political chasm between Capitol Hill and the White House. But maybe the standoff provides time for finding common ground and getting something done.
Student Disengagement: It's Deeper Than You Think
Authors: Washor Elliot , Mojkowski Charles
Published: August 2014

American schools are failing to meet the expectations of a wide swath of students, many of them in low-income and rural communities. What's needed is a new pact putting student expectations at its center.
The ABCs of Student Engagement
Authors: Parsons Seth A. , Nuland Leila Richey , Parsons Allison Ward
Published: August 2014

Teachers can increase all-important student engagement by being aware of its affective, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions.
Searching for the Irresistible
Authors: Dack Hilary , Tomlinson Carol Ann
Published: August 2014

As much as teachers want students to be naturally fascinated by the topics they teach, it doesn't work that way. But by following four key principles, teachers can build student engagement.
ED LAW
Authors: Darden Edwin C.
Published: August 2014

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1982 that the children of undocumented immigrants have a right to a free, public education. But those rights present schools and children with difficult obstacles. About 1.5 million undocumented children and youth live in the United States, a statistic that evokes both burdens and opportunities. Many immigrants had little education in their country of origin and might not be equipped to assist their children. Children face mobility issues of transferring in and out of school related to their parents' employment, language barriers are all around, and cultural and social adjustments to the American way of schooling and in the schoolhouse pose obstacles for the students as well. Further, sometimes parents get deported, leaving unaccompanied minors.
Listening in the Pakal controversy: A matter of care in Ancient Maya studies
Authors: Watson Matthew C
Published: August 2014

This article explores the fraught historical politics of a 20th-century controversy over a Classic Maya king. The controversy ostensibly concerned the age at death of a ruler discovered in 1952 in an elaborate sarcophagus at the Mexican site of Palenque. Combining osteological and epigraphic techniques, Mexican scholars estimated that the ruler died at about 40 or 50 years of age. Two decades later, an emerging collective of US hieroglyph experts claimed to have determined the grammatical structure of Maya glyphs for the first time and reevaluated the sarcophagus inscriptions. They concluded that the king, given the name ‘Pakal’, lived a remarkably long life of 80 years (603–683 ce). This reading sparked a controversy that would persist until 1999. At stake was not just how to tell the story of an ancient Maya lord, but who could tell it, with what evidence, and with what degree of certainty. The inclination of some Mexican archaeologists to adopt nationalist and Marxist orientations came into palpable tension with foreign scholars’ liberal, universalist knowledge practices. To address this problem, I rethink Pakal’s material mediation through bones and inscriptions as a ‘matter of concern’ (Bruno Latour) and ‘matter of care’ (Maria Puig de la Bellacasa). I show how these concepts facilitate the reconsideration of contradictory historical propositions as potential sites of coexistence among actors temporarily ill equipped to listen to each other’s claims. Ultimately, I present ‘listening’ as a technique of cosmopolitical care that complements the extensive emphasis on speech and spokespersonship in Latourian cosmopolitics.
Exploring Representations of Super Women in Popular Culture
Authors: Taber Nancy , Woloshyn Vera , Munn Caitlin , Lane Laura
Published: August 2014

In this article, we discuss how our analysis of several popular culture artifacts featuring super women characters (superheroes and supernatural) provided the foundation for a media discussion group for female college students with learning exceptionalities. We explore the use of popular culture in discussion groups as well as discuss the research context and discourse analysis method related to selected popular culture artifacts. We then relate the participants’ responses to the artifacts, emphasizing tensions and resistances associated with each. We review how our initial focus began with an emphasis on gender and gradually evolved to address ability. We reflect on possibilities, limitations, and challenges related to the facilitation of this and other media groups, offering practical recommendations for adult educators.
Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Thiodiglycol in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Angerhofer Richard A. , Michie Mark W. , Leach Glenn J. , Johnson Mark S. , Reddy Gunda
Published: August 2014

Thiodiglycol (TDG) is the main product of sulfur mustard hydrolysis and is an environmental contaminant. Subacute and subchronic oral toxicity studies with TDG were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neat TDG was administered by gavage at doses of 157, 313, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, and 9999 mg/kg/d, 5 days per week, for 14 days. In the 14-day study, decreased body weight and food consumption were observed at 5000 mg/kg/d. In the 90-day study, rats received neat TDG at doses of 50, 500, or 5000 mg/kg/d for 5 days per week. A fourth group served as a sham control. Individual body weight and food consumption were measured weekly. At termination of the experiment, urine, blood, and tissue samples were collected. Rats displayed significant decreased body weight with no effect on food consumption following administration of TDG at 5000 mg/kg/d. Both male and female rats showed significant increased kidney weights at 5000 mg/kg/d. The organ to body weight ratios increased significantly for liver, kidneys, testes, and brain in males and adrenals in females for 5000 mg/kg/d. At all doses of TDG, hematological and clinical parameters and tissue histopathology remained unaltered. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for oral subchronic toxicity was 500 mg/kg/d. Benchmark dose (BMD) was derived from the decreased gain in body weight that was seen in male rats. A BMD based on a 10% decrease in body weight was 1704 mg/kg/d, and the lower confidence limit on the dose BMD, the BMDL, was 372 mg/kg/d.
Designing garments for people with dementia: Innovative practice
Authors: Schulte Britta Friederike
Published: August 2014

This article describes the project ‘No place like home’ which aimed to design clothing that would be more aesthetically appealing and practical for people with dementia. It argues that clothing is often an important part of people’s identity, which should be taken into account by designers and clothing manufacturers when designing for people in care settings.
Viewing Race in the Comfort Zone
Authors: Hughes Brenda L.
Published: August 2014

Carter suggests the concept of a “comfort zone” to explain the inability of dramatic African American programs to be successful on television. He argues that a workable formula has been developed for successful African American series, “portray black people in a way that would be acceptable to the millions of potential purchasers (whites) of advertised products. That is, non-threatening and willing to ‘stay in their place.’”. Using a data set constructed from television ratings and shares, this study examines “black-centeredness” within the context of program success and failure. The comfort zone concept argues Black-centered television series are only successful in a comedic genre because White audiences, who have the majority of the ratings power, will only watch Black-centered series with which they are comfortable. The findings suggest that, in general, race, that is Black-centeredness, did not negatively influence program ratings or shares.