bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Automation Designed for Industry 4.0 Using Robotics and Sensors that Based on IoT & Machine Learning
Authors: Soumyashree S. , Gupta Anuj , Biswas Balaka
Published: July 2023

Even though there has been significant research conducted on the topic, the idea of the fourth industrial revolution is still not widely acknowledged. The adoption of Industry 4.0 is anticipated to enhance multiple facets of human existence. The integration of Industry 4.0 will influence various stages of production processes, distribution networks, consumers, supervisors, creators of digital systems, and all staff members engaged in the process. This will lead to changes in manufacturing models and business paradigms. This technology enables self-identification, self-configuration, self-diagnosis, and self-optimization in various industries. This study employs the decision tree algorithm to monitor the energy usage of machines and appliances, predict their future behaviour. Upon assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed system and juxtaposing it against current methodologies, it was determined that the system had a 79% efficiency rate. The integration of this technology presents a number of obstacles, such as standardization dilemmas, security risks, difficulties with resource planning, legal considerations, and the necessity of adjusting to evolving business models. The success or failure of Industry 4.0 and its implementation relies entirely on the involvement and cooperation of all participants in the production chain, from manufacturers to end-users.
Machine Learning Based Remote Sensing Technique for Analysis of The Glaciated Regions
Authors: Chandel Garima , Sahimkhan Pathan , Verma Saweta , Sharm Ashish
Published: July 2023

Remote Sensing has become one of the most developed technologies in the world. Its applications are wide, like it can be used in agriculture, disaster observing, water resources monitoring, environment, marine resources, forestry as well as the forest fire, coastal zone snow and glacier etc. Machine learning applications like visualisation of data are used for understanding the remote sensing data graphically. In this paper presents the method for the process of representing the remote sensing data on glaciers graphically and pictorially. The matplotlib and seaborn libraries in python are used for this process. Python is the easy programming language used for visualisation of data with its libraries NumPy, pandas, matplotlib, seaborn and plotly. These libraries are used in python for representing the data graphically. In this work, the benchmark WGI dataset on remote sensing of glaciers covered with the debris has been used. Machine learning algorithms has been proposed for classification of the glaciers that are covered with the debris.
Construction safety risks identification of integrated utility network facilities (IUNF) project in DKI Jakarta Province
Authors: Gaol Josua Lumban , Machfudiyanto Rossy Armyn
Published: July 2023

DKI Jakarta Province implements the construction program of the Integrated Utility Network Facility (IUNF) to prevent repeated excavation and demolition of road bodies Construction work is one of the industries with the highest level of accident risk in the world. Likewise with construction projects in Indonesia, including DKI Jakarta Province, which is implementing the IUNF development program. One of the causes of the high rate of workplace accidents is unsafe conditions caused by poor safety management that cannot identify construction safety risks thoroughly. For this reason, good and reliable construction safety management is needed by identifying every risk that may occur and then conducting qualitative analyses to determine the level of each risk. Risk identification is carried out by first describing IUNF or Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) construction activities.
New concrete composites incorporated with calcium acetate as admixture: The Impact of Curing Age on Strength and the Effect of Temperature on Water Absorption
Authors: Abed Ammar Ali , Mojtahedi Alireza , Lotfollahi-Yaghin Mohamad Ali
Published: July 2023

In previous work, concrete mixes incorporated with different types of acetates (inorganic and organic) were formulated, cured for 28 days in water, and then tested for compressive strength. The effect of the water-to-cement ratio and the acetate content was optimized using a central composited design based on the response surface methodology approach. The results confirmed that the optimum compressive strength was achieved for the mixes incorporated with calcium acetate (CaA) using of 0.48 water-to-cement ratio. In the current work, the effect of curing age on compressive strength and density was studied for the optimum mixes. Also, the water absorption of the mixes carried out by immersion test was assessed at different temperatures (25-55 °C). Microscopic observations were also noted. The results obtained confirmed that the compressive strength and density of the CaA-concrete mix increase with increasing the curing age. The thermodynamic study of water absorption assured the dependence of water absorption on temperature. The activation energies depicted from the Arrhenius relation and the decrease in the water absorption rate for the concrete incorporated with CaA are considered as an indicator of decreasing the porosity of the concrete mixes compared to the control mixes without CaA. The findings assured that the modified mixes with CaA are promising construction materials owing to their outstanding strength and lower water absorption rates compared to conventional concrete.
Rainfall Trend analysis using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope test estimation - A case study
Authors: Sudarsan Gayathri , Lasitha A.
Published: July 2023

In order to analyze the changing pattern of rainfall in one of the important district in Kerala, this study concentrated on a crucial meteorological variable: precipitation. Agriculture in this region depends on rain, but because it occurs erratically and without warning, it has an adverse impact on the cropping system and the availability of natural water resources. Non-parametric analysis was used to determine the monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall variability (trend and slope magnitude) from rainfall data spanning 30 years (1989-2018) on a monthly basis. To determine the strength of a trend for time series data, the Mann-Kendall (MK) Test for monotonic analysis of trend and non-parametric Sen's Slope Estimator were utilized. The past 30 years have been used to create monthly, seasonal, and yearly precipitation trends. The 30-year monthly data was used to generate monthly, seasonal, and yearly precipitation trends. The results of the statistical analysis of the entire reference time series data shows that the trend appears to be primarily positive (growing), both on an annual and seasonal scale. There was a decreasing tendency in the spring, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. Individually, the seven months of January through February show a growing tendency, whereas the remaining five months of March through December show a declining trend with 99% and 95% confidence levels, respectively, the annual total rainfall and monsoon seasons demonstrated a positive significant increasing trend.
Efficiency of prefabricated biodigesters in the treatment of domestic wastewater in dispersed rural localities
Authors: Leon-Huallpa Edgar F. , Alfaro-Alejo Roberto , Huaquisto-Ramos Edilberto , Zapana Melania M. , Huanacuni-Mamani Willy , Belizario-Quispe Germán
Published: July 2023

In most developing nations, poor wastewater management continues to be a significant health and environmental concern. In this context, the research seeks to evaluate the efficiency of the biodigester treatment of domestic wastewater through monitoring and evaluation, based on physicochemical and bacterial parameters to reduce environmental pollution caused by excreta in the Chibaya Baja sector, Peru. Water sampling was done in the influent and effluent of the biodigester, taking samples periodically every 15 days, for 01 months, obtaining 03 samples for physicochemical and bacteriological analysis. According to the results obtained from the laboratory, the efficiency of the domestic wastewater treatment was 59.51% of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 49.16% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), in oils and fats 35.92%, in total suspended solids 52.78% and fecal coliforms (thermotolerant) 89.19%. A comparison of the parameters evaluated with the maximum permissible limits set by the Peruvian Ministry of the Environment reveals that the levels of BOD and COD exceed the limits. Therefore, this wastewater should not be discharged into water bodies.
Potential Deleterious Interactions between Certain Chemical Compounds and a Thermoplastic Polyurethane Heat Exchanger Membrane Oxygenator
Authors: Forsberg Brian C. , Novick William M. , Cervantes Cynthia , Lopez Jorge , Cardarelli Marcelo
Published: July 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become a powerful tool in the race to reverse failure to rescue events. Rapid implementation set the stage for the advent of the 30-day wet-priming storage as a standard practice. A recent alert regarding methylene blue (MB) unidirectional leach from patient's circulation through the oxygenator thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) heat-exchanger membrane into the heater–cooler unit (HCU) water bath led us to believe that despite reassurances, the reverse process might be possible. To that effect, we performed a pilot in vitro experiment. We tested three adult ECMO sets (Adult Quadrox iD Oxygenator, Getinge, Doral, FL) probing for the transfer of MB between the water bath of a Sarns Dual Heater Cooler (Terumo Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI) and the circuit stored wet-primed for 30 days. In each test, 1,500 mg of reconstituted MB (HiMedia, Mumbai, India) were added to the 7.5 L of water in the HCU, circulated for 6 hours on which the water lines were disconnected and the setup was stored for 30 days. The primed circuit was tested for MB transfer at days 0, 13, and 30 by means of optical density (OD) at 665 nm and 26.5°C. Transference of MB from the HCU water bath into the ECMO circuit could be detected as early as day 13 after setup, achieving significant values by day 30 (median OD .019 (.014–.021). Expected OD if no diffusion present: 0. The complete separation of water interfaces between the patient's circuit and the HCU water bath may prove to be more dogma than fact when certain chemical substances are used in conjunction with TPU membrane oxygenators. Whether the transfer of substances is due to chemical processes or molecular weight needs further evaluation. Meanwhile, the use of chemicals for the cleaning of the HCU should be mindful of potential noxious effects.
Telemedizinische Betreuung von Demenzerkrankten in der COVID-19
Pandemie
Authors: Brodoehl Stefan , Wagner Franziska , Klingner Carsten , Srowig Annie , Finke Kathrin
Published: July 2023

In unserem multidisziplinären Gedächtniszentrum der
Universitätsklinik Jena haben wir bereits zu Beginn der
SARS-CoV2-Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 mit der regulären
Einführung einer Videosprechstunde für Patient*innen mit
Risiko für eine Demenzentwicklung bzw. mit einer Demenzerkrankung und
deren Angehörigen begonnen.

Über einen Zeitraum von 12 Monaten haben wir eine systematische Befragung
zur Zufriedenheit bei Patient*innen im regulären
Face-to-Face-Kontakt (F2F) und bei Videokonsultationen (VC)
durchgeführt.

Ziel dieser Studie war eine Bewertung der Einsatzmöglichkeiten von
Telemedizin bei älteren Menschen mit beginnenden kognitiven Defiziten im
Rahmen einer Demenzerkrankung. Dabei wollten wir insbesondere die
Patientenzufriedenheit und die Durchführbarkeit bewerten.

Ausgewertet wurden Erstvorstellungen in unserem Gedächtniszentrum bei
Verdacht auf das Vorliegen einer demenziellen Erkrankung in einem
standardisierten regulären Vorort-Setting (n=50) sowie in
einer standardisierten Videokonsultation (n=40). In beiden
Settings erfolgten aufeinanderfolgend eine neuropsychologische und eine
ärztliche Vorstellung. Beide Gruppen waren bezüglich Alter und
Geschlecht ähnlich verteilt (71.4 vs. 72.3 Jahre, 52 vs. 50%
weiblich (F2F vs. VC)). Der kognitive Status war in der VC Gruppe leicht besser
(ACE III signifikant, MMST nicht signifikant).

In der Befragung der Patient*innen anhand eines Inventars mit 12 Fragen
(Patient*innenzufriedenheit, bewertet mit 1 bis 5) zeigte sich zwischen
beiden Gruppen insgesamt kein signifikanter Unterschied. Tendenziell wurde hier
allerdings der F2F in der Bewertung der Beratung etwas besser bewertet. Der
technische Ablauf bei der VC wurde von Ärzt*innen und
Neuropsycholog*innen zu über 80% als gut/sehr
gut bewertet.

Eine allgemeine Einschätzung der kognitiven Defizite durch
Ärzt*innen und Neuropsycholog*innen korrelierte im F2F
und VC extrem hoch mit dem Ergebnis der anschließenden spezifischen
Testung (MMST und ACE). Bei tendenziell besserer Übereinstimmung im VC
war der Unterschied zwischen den Korrelationen nicht signifikant.

Insgesamt konnten wir keinen signifikanten Unterschiede bei der
Patient*innenzufriedenheit zwischen VC und klassischer F2F Vorstellung
finden. Technische Aspekte in der Vorbereitung einer VC und während
einer VC waren weniger problematisch als initial antizipiert.
The Challenge of Treating the Severest Forms of Chronic Noninfectious Posterior and Panuveitis
Authors: Spartalis Christoph , Stübiger Nicole , Spitzer Martin S. , Bartsch Udo , Atiskova Yevgeniya
Published: July 2023

Background Noninfectious posterior and panuveitis may exhibit a chronic relapsing clinical course and are challenging to treat. Most affected patients are continuously treated with systemic immunosuppressive therapy, which is potentially associated with significant adverse side effects.

Methods A cohort of 18 patients presenting with severe noninfectious posterior or panuveitis were evaluated with respect to the clinical course of the disease, with particular focus on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), treatment duration, remission rates, reported negative side effects, and the necessity for switching medication.

Results The mean follow-up was 27.8 months. Although BCVA improved significantly, complete or partial remission was observed in only 66.7% of patients. Of the patients, 72.2% underwent a change in medical treatment due to either adverse events or inefficacy of medication.

Conclusion Despite new immunosuppressive therapies, effective treatment of severe noninfectious posterior and panuveitis remains a major challenge. We discuss the urgent need for novel treatment strategies in order to prevent systemic adverse effects, and to improve visual outcome and quality of life.
The Role of Alternative Lymph Node Classification Systems in
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NEN): Superiority of a
LODDS Scheme Over N Category in Pancreatic NEN (pNEN)
Authors: Krieg Sarah , Tunk Johannes , Vaghiri Sascha , Prassas Dimitrios , Jann Henning , Mohr Raphael , Loosen Sven Heiko , Roderburg Christoph , Maasberg Sebastian , Begum Nehara , Luedde Tom , Schott Matthias , Giesel Frederik , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Krieg Andreas ,   and the members of the German
                    NET Registry
Published: July 2023

Lymph node (LN) involvement in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
(GEP-NEN) has been reported to have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Numerous novel LN classifications exist; however, no comparison of their
prognostic performance for GEP-NEN has been done yet. Using a nationwide cohort
from the German Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) Registry, the prognostic and
discriminatory power of different LN ratio (LNR) and log odds of metastatic LN
(LODDS) classifications were investigated using multivariate Cox regression and
C-statistics in 671 patients with resected GEP-NEN. An increase in positive LN
(pLN), LNR, and LODDS was associated with advanced tumor stages, distant
metastases, and hormonal functionality. However, none of the alternative LN
classifications studied showed discriminatory superiority in predicting
prognosis over the currently used N category. Interestingly, in a subgroup
analysis, one LODDS classification was identified that might be most appropriate
for patients with pancreatic NEN (pNEN). On this basis, a nomogram was
constructed to estimate the prognosis of pNEN patients after surgery. In
conclusion, a more accurate classification of LN status may allow a more precise
prediction of overall survival and provide the basis for individualized
strategies for postoperative treatment and surveillance especially for patients
with pNEN.
Synthesis of P-Chiral Tertiary Phosphine Oxides by Copper-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric C–P Cross-Coupling
Authors: Su Bo , Kang Jie , Ren Simu
Published: July 2023

P-Stereogenic phosphorus compounds are of importance in various areas. Some strategies have been developed for the enantioselective formation of C–P bonds, among which transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric C–P cross-coupling of secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs)—bench-stable, odorless, and nontoxic—is more appealing. Due to the elusive racemization of SPOs, reactions with them usually proceed in a kinetic resolution fashion, thus being less practical. Highlighted here is a copper-catalyzed, highly enantioselective dynamic kinetic intermolecular C–P coupling of SPOs and aryl iodides. The successful development of this reaction relies on two key factors: the facile racemization of SPOs under the reaction conditions and the high enantioselectivity of the carefully tuned copper catalysts. P-Stereogenic tertiary phosphine oxide (TPO) products were obtained in high yields and with good enantioselectivities and were further converted into structurally diverse P-chiral scaffolds that are highly valuable as ligands and catalysts in asymmetric synthesis.
Ultra-Sonicated One-Pot Synthesis of Potent Bioactive Biscoumarin and Polycyclic Pyranodichromenone Scaffolds in Aqueous Media: A Complementary Tool to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Bharti Ruchi , Thakur Ajay , Verma Monika , Sharma Renu , Sharma Ajay , Gupta Anshi , Sharma Vipasha
Published: July 2023

Present study involves the synthesis of bis-coumarins and novel polycyclic pyranodichromenones using a catalyst-free approach under ultrasonic irradiation in an aqueous medium. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds were evaluated against Gram-positive (S. aureus, B. cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli), as well as the fungus C. albicans, using the disc diffusion method. Several compounds exhibited excellent activity against the tested microorganisms. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of the synthesized products was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl­benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. Promising antioxidant activity was observed for certain compounds. Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) were conducted to investigate the molecular reactivity and electronic properties of the synthesized compounds. Quantum mechanical parameters such as Ionization Potential (IP), Electron Affinity (EA), Mulliken Electronegativity (χ), Chemical Potential (μ), and Electrophilicity Index (ω) were calculated. The study highlights the efficiency and eco-friendliness of ultrasonic-assisted processes, contributing to the advancement of sustainable chemistry.
Control of Breathing
Authors: Dempsey Jerome A. , Welch Joseph F.
Published: July 2023

Substantial advances have been made recently into the discovery of fundamental mechanisms underlying the neural control of breathing and even some inroads into translating these findings to treating breathing disorders. Here, we review several of these advances, starting with an appreciation of the importance of V̇A:V̇CO2:PaCO2 relationships, then summarizing our current understanding of the mechanisms and neural pathways for central rhythm generation, chemoreception, exercise hyperpnea, plasticity, and sleep-state effects on ventilatory control. We apply these fundamental principles to consider the pathophysiology of ventilatory control attending hypersensitized chemoreception in select cardiorespiratory diseases, the pathogenesis of sleep-disordered breathing, and the exertional hyperventilation and dyspnea associated with aging and chronic diseases. These examples underscore the critical importance that many ventilatory control issues play in disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Risk Assessment Model for Postpartum Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Griffin Myah M. , Engel Alexis , Mehta-Lee Shilpi S. , Nusbaum Julie , Golpanian Michael , Izmirly Peter , Belmont H. Michael , Buyon Jill P.
Published: July 2023

Objective This article assesses the application of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk model on a cohort of postpartum patients with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of an ongoing patient registry of women with SLE from 2016 to 2022. There were 49 SLE patients with 55 pregnancies using the Definitions of Remission in SLE (DORIS) criteria to determine SLE disease activity. RCOG risk assessment model scoring was calculated for each patient prior to and after delivery. The primary outcome was the qualification of “active SLE” by standard rheumatologic criteria and assessment of recommendations for VTE prophylaxis based on RCOG VTE risk assessment scoring. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test with significance defined as p < 0.05.

Results In the study cohort, 34 pregnancies (61.8%) were in DORIS remission at delivery. Twenty-one pregnancies (38.2%) were not and scored 3 points on the RCOG VTE risk model. Of these pregnancies, only 19% (n = 4) were recommended for VTE prophylaxis by the obstetrical provider despite RCOG score ≥3. Only 35.7% (n = 5) of pregnancies in DORIS remission, but with 3 points for non-SLE-related VTE risk factors (n = 14), were recommended for VTE prophylaxis. Of the 20 pregnancies in remission with an RCOG score < 3 after assessing all risk factors, 15% (n = 3) were nevertheless recommended for VTE prophylaxis. No patients had a postpartum VTE regardless of therapy.

Conclusion These data reveal a need to improve upon providing postpartum VTE prophylaxis to SLE patients not in remission while also recognizing a diagnosis of SLE alone should not equate with active disease. Moreover, SLE patients in remission may still warrant VTE prophylaxis if other non-SLE-related risk factors are present.

Key Points
Clinically Integrated Breastfeeding Peer Counseling to Promote Breastfeeding Equity
Authors: Keenan-Devlin Lauren S. , Smart Britney P. , Hirschhorn Lisa , Meier Paula , Jefferson Urmeka , Solomonides Anthony , Wang Chi Ed , Handler Arden , Silver Richard K. , Borders Ann E.B.
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to determine whether clinically integrated Breastfeeding Peer Counseling (ci-BPC) added to usual lactation care reduces disparities in breastfeeding intensity and duration for Black and Hispanic/Latine participants.

Study Design This study is a pragmatic, randomized control trial (RCT) of ci-BPC care at two ci-BPC-naïve obstetrical hospital facilities in the greater Chicago area. Participants will include 720 patients delivering at Hospital Site 1 and Hospital Site 2 who will be recruited from eight prenatal care sites during midpregnancy. Participants must be English or Spanish speaking, planning to parent their child, and have no exposure to ci-BPC care prior to enrollment. Randomization will be stratified by race and ethnicity to create three analytic groups: Black, Hispanic/Latine, and other races.

Results The primary outcome will be breastfeeding duration. Additional outcomes will include the proportion of breastmilk feeds during the delivery admission, at 6-week postdelivery, and at 6-month postdelivery. A process evaluation will be conducted to understand implementation outcomes, facilitators, and barriers to inform replication and scaling of the innovative ci-BPC model.

Conclusion: This research will produce findings of relevance to perinatal patients and their families, the vast majority of whom desire to provide breastmilk to their infants and require support to succeed with their feeding goals. As the largest RCT of ci-BPC in the United States to date, this research will improve the quality of evidence available regarding the effectiveness of ci-BPC at reducing disparities. These findings will help patients and stakeholders determine the benefits of accepting and adopting the program and inform policies focused on improving perinatal care and reducing maternal/child health disparities. This study is registered with Clinical Trial (identifier: NCT05441709).

Key Points
Will Earmuffs Improve Neonate Behavior in The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit?
Authors: Kannappan Sujatha R. , Chang Tirikhumla , Alva Jeevitha
Published: July 2023

Background Modern advanced technologies in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have created more noise sources of varying frequencies and intensities, increasing the risk of hearing loss in infants. This study aimed to determine the effect of earmuffs on neonatal behavior.

Materials and Methods This study was conducted in the 13-bed level III-A NICU of a 1,000-bed tertiary care teaching hospital. Preexperimental, one-group pretest, posttest design was adopted in the study. Twenty-seven neonates were selected using nonprobability and purposive sampling techniques. The noise level was checked using a dosimeter (sound level meter SL-4030), the baseline variables were collected, and earmuffs were applied to the neonates for 2 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the evening for 3 consecutive days. An observational checklist was used to assess neonatal behavior.

Results The mean age in days was 2.19 ± 0.96, the mean weight in kilograms was 2.92 ± 0.43, and the mean gestational week was 37.56 ± 1.50. The mean sound level in the NICU was 56.7 + 14, which was higher than the NICU's recommended noise level. The most noise-generating events and equipment found in NICU were human-made noise and ventilator bubbling sounds. There was a significant difference in the mean behavioral score among neonates using earmuffs, as the “p-value was < 0.05.” However, there was no association between pretest neonatal behavior with baseline data (p > 0.05).

Conclusion This study revealed that wearing earmuffs had a beneficial impact on enhancing newborn behavior.
Assessing climate justice awareness among climate neutral-to-be cities
Authors: Della Valle Nives , Ulpiani Giulia , Vetters Nadja
Published: July 2023

This paper sheds light on the importance of evaluating climate justice concerns when forging climate-neutral strategies at the city level. Climate justice can be a useful policy lever to develop measures that promote simultaneously greenhouse gas emissions reductions and their social justice dimension, thus reducing the risk of adverse impacts. As a result, evaluating policymakers’ awareness of (i) recognition (ii) distributive (iii) procedural, and (iv) intergenerational issues about the transition to climate neutrality might help identify where to intervene to ensure that decisions towards more sustainable urban futures are born justly and equitably. This study uses data from the European Mission on 100 Climate Neutral and Smart Cities by 2030 and a principal component analysis to build an index of climate justice awareness. It then identifies control factors behind different levels of climate justice awareness. The empirical analysis suggests that the more cities are engaged in climate efforts, the more they implement these efforts considering also the social justice dimension. It also reveals that the geographical location and the relationship with higher levels of governance contribute to shape the heterogeneity in a just-considerate climate action by virtue of different governance structures, historical legacies, and economic, cultural, and political characteristics. Overall, the analysis unveils that the availability of governmental support in capacity building and financial advisory services, and the breadth of the city’s legal powers across different fields of action are positively related to justice awareness. Conversely, the perception of favourable geo-climatic conditions is negatively correlated. These relationships can be read as assistance needs that cities perceive in their pathway to just climate neutrality and highlight where future efforts in research and policy-making should focus in the following years to pave the way to a just transition.
Local optical analysis of InGaN/GaN nanorod LED structures grown on Si(111)
Authors: Meier Johanna , Häuser Patrick , Blumberg Christian , Smola Tim , Prost Werner , Weimann Nils , Bacher Gerd
Published: July 2023

Site- and polarity-controlled core–shell InGaN/GaN nanorod LED structures were grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on Si(111). Scanning transmission electron microscope images reveal uniform multiple quantum wells on polarization-free sidewalls. Spatially resolved photoluminescence mapping on a single nanorod demonstrates that the emission at 3.0 eV stems from the polarization-free m-plane, which is supported by a fast recombination lifetime of ∼490 ps at low temperatures. Quasi-resonant laser excitation demonstrates predominant radiative recombination at low excitation densities, whereas at high excitation densities, the efficiency is lowered by Auger recombination and/or carrier leakage.
Strain engineering in 2D hBN and graphene with evaporated thin film stressors
Authors: Azizimanesh Ahmad , Dey Aditya , Chowdhury Shoieb A. , Wenner Eric , Hou Wenhui , Peña Tara , Askari Hesam , Wu Stephen M.
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate a technique to strain two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphene by depositing stressed thin films to encapsulate exfoliated flakes. We choose optically transparent stressors to be able to analyze strain in 2D flakes through Raman spectroscopy. Combining thickness-dependent analyses of Raman peak shifts with atomistic simulations of hBN and graphene, we can explore layer-by-layer strain transfer in these materials. hBN and graphene show strain transfer into the top four and two layers of multilayer flakes, respectively. hBN has been widely used as a protective capping layer for other 2D materials, while graphene has been used as a top gate layer in various applications. Findings of this work suggest that straining 2D heterostructures with evaporated stressed thin films through the hBN capping layer or graphene top contact is possible since strain is not limited to a single layer.
Identification and mitigation of conducting package losses for quantum superconducting devices
Authors: Huang Yizhou , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Wang Haozhi , Steffen Zach , Cripe Jonathan , Wellstood F. C. , Palmer B. S.
Published: July 2023

Low-loss superconducting rf devices are required when used for quantum computation. Here, we present a series of measurements and simulations showing that conducting losses in the packaging of our superconducting resonator devices affect the maximum achievable internal quality factors (Qi) for a series of thin-film Al quarter-wave resonators with fundamental resonant frequencies varying between 4.9 and 5.8 GHz. By utilizing resonators with different widths and gaps, different volumes of the stored electromagnetic energy were sampled, thus affecting Qi. When the backside of the sapphire substrate of the resonator device is adhered to a Cu package with a conducting silver glue, a monotonic decrease in the maximum achievable Qi is found as the electromagnetic sampling volume is increased. This is a result of induced currents in large surface resistance regions and dissipation underneath the substrate. By placing a hole underneath the substrate and using superconducting material for the package, we decrease the Ohmic losses and increase the maximum Qi for the larger size resonators.
High-performance solar-blind photodetector based on Sm-doped perovskite rare-earth nickelate heterojunctions
Authors: Hu Junbei , Wang Xianjie , Zhang Lingli , Tao Lingling , Sui Yu , Belotelov V. I. , Han X. F. , Song Bo
Published: July 2023

Solar-blind photodetectors based on wide bandgap semiconductors have attracted great interest recently. Perovskite rare-earth nickelates like RNiO3 are stable p-type semiconductors with adjustable physical properties. This paper reports a high-performance solar-blind photodetector made of PrxSm1−xNiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 heterojunctions utilizing a lateral photovoltaic effect. A high position sensitivity of up to 879.4 mV/mm and a fast relaxation time of 0.6 μs were observed with 266 nm laser irradiation under 3 Suns. The transverse diffusion model of photogenerated carriers can explain the lateral photovoltaic effect well. Furthermore, an optical communication system transmission was developed from the junction. The fast relaxation time and high position sensitivity make the rare-earth nickelates a promising candidate for a self-powered high-performance solar-blind detector.
Ultrafast broadband carrier and exciton dynamics of Fe-related centers in GaN
Authors: Wang Jianping , Shi Fangyuan , Wu Xingzhi , Yang Junyi , Chen Yongqiang , Wu Quanying , Song Yinglin , Fang Yu
Published: July 2023

The effect of Fe defects on carrier recombination and two-photon induced ultrafast exciton dynamics in GaN crystals were investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The absorption kinetics exhibited completely different characteristics under different nonequilibrium carrier concentrations and distributions. The carrier recombination mechanisms under different excitation conditions can be interpreted by the model of Fe defect-related energy level. The absorption under one-photon excitation originates from the intraband transition of free holes, and the capture of holes by Fe2+ leads to the decay of the absorption. The ultrafast excitonic state [Fe2+,hVB] formation time under two-photon excitation results in a rapid absorption decay (<20 ps), while the long tail of the absorption response could be attributed to long-lived excitonic state (>100 ns). These findings are crucial to the applications of GaN for ultrafast optoelectronics and integrated nonlinear optics.
Phaseless auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo with projector-augmented wave method for solids
Authors: Taheridehkordi Amir , Schlipf Martin , Sukurma Zoran , Humer Moritz , Grüneis Andreas , Kresse Georg
Published: July 2023

We implement the phaseless auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo method using the plane-wave based projector augmented wave method and explore the accuracy and the feasibility of applying our implementation to solids. We use a singular value decomposition to compress the two-body Hamiltonian and, thus, reduce the computational cost. Consistent correlation energies from the primitive-cell sampling and the corresponding supercell calculations numerically verify our implementation. We calculate the equation of state for diamond and the correlation energies for a range of prototypical solid materials. A down-sampling technique along with natural orbitals accelerates the convergence with respect to the number of orbitals and crystal momentum points. We illustrate the competitiveness of our implementation in accuracy and computational cost for dense crystal momentum point meshes compared to a well-established quantum-chemistry approach, the coupled-cluster ansatz including singles, doubles, and perturbative triple particle–hole excitation operators.
Heat flux characteristics of a single droplet splashing on the liquid film obtained with a thermal lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Yuan Hao , He Xiaolong
Published: July 2023

The double-distribution-function thermal lattice Boltzmann method is employed to investigate the heat flux characteristics of single droplet impact on a liquid film above a heated wall. The effects of impact velocity, liquid film thickness, droplet radius, and viscosity coefficient on the average and instant heat flux distribution are analyzed. The droplet impact first breaks the steady-state thermal boundary layer in the impact region, causing the heat flux in the wall impact region to increase. This is because the temperature gradient between the liquid film and the wall increases as the droplet dives downward and expands. The velocity discontinuity at the liquid jet sheet prevents the transfer of the transverse velocity in the liquid film to the static region, yielding a transition region. Convective heat transfer is dominant in the impact and transition regions, while conductive heat transfer is dominant in the static region. Moreover, a large impact velocity promotes the synergy between the temperature and flow velocity fields, enhancing the heat transfer efficiency. The kinetic energy consumption of the droplet increases with the liquid film thickness, which causes the heat flux to decrease. The effect of droplet radius on the heat flux at the wall is minimal. Furthermore, an increased liquid viscosity is not beneficial for wall heat dissipation.
Nonequilibrium sensing of volatile compounds using active and passive analyte delivery
Authors: Brandt Soeren , Pavlichenko Ida , Shneidman Anna V. , Patel Haritosh , Tripp Austin , Wong Timothy S. B. , Lazaro Sean , Thompson Ethan , Maltz Aubrey , Storwick Thomas , Beggs Holden , Szendrei-Temesi Katalin , Lotsch Bettina V. , Kaplan C. Nadir , Visser Claas W. , Brenner Michael P. , Murthy Venkatesh N. , Aizenberg Joanna
Published: July 2023

Although sensor technologies have allowed us to outperform the human senses of sight, hearing, and touch, the development of artificial noses is significantly behind their biological counterparts. This largely stems from the sophistication of natural olfaction, which relies on both fluid dynamics within the nasal anatomy and the response patterns of hundreds to thousands of unique molecular-scale receptors. We designed a sensing approach to identify volatiles inspired by the fluid dynamics of the nose, allowing us to extract information from a single sensor (here, the reflectance spectra from a mesoporous one-dimensional photonic crystal) rather than relying on a large sensor array. By accentuating differences in the nonequilibrium mass-transport dynamics of vapors and training a machine learning algorithm on the sensor output, we clearly identified polar and nonpolar volatile compounds, determined the mixing ratios of binary mixtures, and accurately predicted the boiling point, flash point, vapor pressure, and viscosity of a number of volatile liquids, including several that had not been used for training the model. We further implemented a bioinspired active sniffing approach, in which the analyte delivery was performed in well-controlled 'inhale-exhale' sequences, enabling an additional modality of differentiation and reducing the duration of data collection and analysis to seconds. Our results outline a strategy to build accurate and rapid artificial noses for volatile compounds that can provide useful information such as the composition and physical properties of chemicals, and can be applied in a variety of fields, including disease diagnosis, hazardous waste management, and healthy building monitoring.
ROS are evolutionary conserved cell-to-cell stress signals
Authors: Fichman Yosef , Rowland Linda , Oliver Melvin J. , Mittler Ron
Published: July 2023

Cell-to-cell communication is fundamental to multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms living in a microbiome. It is thought to have evolved as a stress- or quorum-sensing mechanism in unicellular organisms. A unique cell-to-cell communication mechanism that uses reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a signal (termed the “ROS wave”) was identified in flowering plants. This process is essential for systemic signaling and plant acclimation to stress and can spread from a small group of cells to the entire plant within minutes. Whether a similar signaling process is found in other organisms is however unknown. Here, we report that the ROS wave can be found in unicellular algae, amoeba, ferns, mosses, mammalian cells, and isolated hearts. We further show that this process can be triggered in unicellular and multicellular organisms by a local stress or H
2
O
2
treatment and blocked by the application of catalase or NADPH oxidase inhibitors and that in unicellular algae it communicates important stress–response signals between cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that an active process of cell-to-cell ROS signaling, like the ROS wave, evolved before unicellular and multicellular organisms diverged. This mechanism could have communicated an environmental stress signal between cells and coordinated the acclimation response of many different cells living in a community. The finding of a signaling process, like the ROS wave, in mammalian cells further contributes to our understanding of different diseases and could impact the development of drugs that target for example cancer or heart disease.
Time-fractional Davey–Stewartson equation: Lie point symmetries, similarity reductions, conservation laws and traveling wave solutions
Authors: Guo Baoyong , Fang Yong , Dong Huanhe
Published: July 2023

As a celebrated nonlinear water wave equation, the Davey–Stewartson equation is widely studied by researchers, especially in the field of mathematical physics. On the basis of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative, the time-fractional Davey–Stewartson equation is investigated in this paper. By application of the Lie symmetry analysis approach, the Lie point symmetries and symmetry groups are obtained. At the same time, the similarity reductions are derived. Furthermore, the equation is converted to a system of fractional partial differential equations and a system of fractional ordinary differential equations in the sense of Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. By virtue of the symmetry corresponding to the scalar transformation, the equation is converted to a system of fractional ordinary differential equations in the sense of Erdélyi–Kober fractional integro-differential operators. By using Noether’s theorem and Ibragimov’s new conservation theorem, the conserved vectors and the conservation laws are derived. Finally, the traveling wave solutions are achieved and plotted.
Thermodynamics of warm axionic Abelian gauge inflation
Authors: Li 李 Xi-Bin 喜彬 , Wu 武 Yan-Ling 燕玲
Published: July 2023

Inflationary spectral index from the Langevin equation is calculated under the frame of warm inflationary scenario with inflaton interacting with U(1) gauge fields through the Chern–Simons coupling

∝
ϕ

F

μ
ν

F
∼

μ
ν

/
f

. Under the strong dissipative condition, the spectral index is calculated in terms of the ratio of Hubble parameter to temperature H/T. Then relation between H/T and other cosmic parameters is analytically expressed, based on which a spectral index related to the Chern–Simons coupling strength is further obtained. Numerical results show that cosmic temperature T closes to a constant during inflation and decreases after inflation without a reheating process. Meanwhile, the ratio H/T tends to a constant if the gauged coupling constant is less than a threshold. This phenomenon shows that cosmic temperature may be an important physical parameter with a special value and adiabatic approximation still holds. We obtain the estimate H/T ≤ 0.3377 during inflation from Planck data and other constraint conditions.
A discrete Boltzmann model with symmetric velocity discretization for compressible flow
Authors: Lin 林 Chuandong 传栋 , Sun 孙 Xiaopeng 笑朋 , Su 苏 Xianli 咸利 , Lai 赖 Huilin 惠林 , Fang 方 Xiao 晓
Published: July 2023

A discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) with symmetric velocity discretization is constructed for compressible systems with an adjustable specific heat ratio in the external force field. The proposed two-dimensional (2D) nine-velocity scheme has better spatial symmetry and numerical accuracy than the discretized velocity model in literature [Acta Aerodyn. Sin.
40 98108 (2022)] and owns higher computational efficiency than the one in literature [Phys. Rev. E
99 012142 (2019)]. In addition, the matrix inversion method is adopted to calculate the discrete equilibrium distribution function and force term, both of which satisfy nine independent kinetic moment relations. Moreover, the DBM could be used to study a few thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects beyond the Euler equations that are recovered from the kinetic model in the hydrodynamic limit via the Chapman–Enskog expansion. Finally, the present method is verified through typical numerical simulations, including the free-falling process, Sod’s shock tube, sound wave, compressible Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and translational motion of a 2D fluid system.
Current fluctuations in a semi-infinite line
Authors: Saha Soumyabrata , Sadhu Tridib
Published: July 2023

We present the application of a fluctuating hydrodynamic theory to study current fluctuations in diffusive systems on a semi-infinite line in contact with a reservoir with slow coupling. We show that the distribution of the time-integrated current across the boundary at large times follows a large deviation principle with a rate function that depends on the coupling strength with the reservoir. The system exhibits a long-term memory of its initial state, which was earlier reported on an infinite line and can be described using quenched and annealed averages of the initial state. We present an explicit expression for the rate function for independent particles, which we verify using an exact solution of the microscopic dynamics. For the symmetric simple exclusion process, we present expressions for the first three cumulants of both quenched and annealed averages.
ReCo: automated NGS

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unting of single and combinatorial CRISPR gRNAs
Authors: Wegner Martin , Kaulich Manuel
Published: July 2023

CRISPR screens are increasingly performed to associate genotypes with genotypes. So far, however, their analysis required specialized computational knowledge to transform high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) data into sequence formats amenable for downstream analysis. We developed ReCo, a stand-alone and user-friendly analytics tool for generating read-count tables of single and combinatorial CRISPR library and screen-based NGS data. Together with cutadapt and bowtie2 for rapid sequence trimming and alignment, ReCo enables the automated generation of read count tables from staggered NGS reads for the downstream identification of gRNA-induced phenotypes.

Availability and implementation

ReCo is published under the MIT license and available at: https://github.com/KaulichLab/ReCo.