bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAK ASUH ANAK AKIBAT CERAI GUGAT DALAM PERKARA NOMOR 0915/Pdft.G/2017/PA.Bgr
Authors: Arnengsih A , Sururie Ramdani Wahyu
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the existence of an Application for Divorce Claims in Bogor Religious Court ruling as an Applicant filing for Claims Divorce and Child Custody. The Plaintiff as a mother filed a lawsuit to the Bogor Religious Court so that Child Custody fell on the Plaintiff. But the Defendant as the father is suing back, that the child custody holder is his father because his mother does not reflect as a good mother. Then the Board of Judges of the Bogor Religious Court rejected the Plaintiff's claim and granted the Defendant's claim to establish custody of the child at the Defendant until the child is 14 years old provided that the plaintiff is given access to meet the child. This study aims to determine the legal basis of the Panel of Judges, the method of finding the Panel of Judges in child custody cases. The results of this study are: 1. The consideration of the panel of judges granted the Defendant's lawsuit because he saw from the facts in the trial and based on the evidence submitted by the parties and looked at the benefit of the child. 2. Judges use the method of legal construction in legal discovery, namely the method of law enforcement (rechtsvervjnings). In this method, the judge can rule out articles that are deemed incompatible with the facts at this time.
DIGITALISASI PENDIDIKAN HUKUM DAN PROSPEKNYA PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Gumelar Dian Rachmat , Dinnur Sri Sophiarani
Published: January 2021

This writing aims to describe the situation of digitizing legal education and its prospects during the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper aims to explain how the digitization of legal education can work in accordance with the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 and in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this paper is the literature method, which relies on the use of reference books as study material to describe the theoretical framework as well as the limited space for movement during large-scale social restrictions. Utilization of the internet in education is not new. Many in various countries have used digitalization in education. However, in Indonesia before the pandemic its utilization was not optimal. The dependence of the community on the internet makes digitalization of education the only solution so that learning activities can still be carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic like this. There are facilities and infrastructure constraints that must be met in order to support learning activities. This writing was made to better understand the definition of digitalization of education, life in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, the obstacles and challenges faced in this education digitization system, as well as the readiness of academic facilities and infrastructure in supporting the digitization of legal education.Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan situasi digitalisasi pendidikan hukum dan prosepeknya pada masa pandemi covid-19 ini. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana digitalisasi pendidikan hukum ini dapat berjalan sesuai dengan era revolusi industri 4.0 dan di tengah pandemi covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode kepustakaan, yakni bertumpu kepada penggunaan referensi pustaka sebagai bahan kajian untuk menggambarkan kerangka teoritisnya seriring terbatasnya ruang gerak pada masa pembatasan sosial berskala besar. Pendayagunaan internet dalam pendidikan bukanlah hal yang baru. Banyak di berbagai negara sudah menggunakan digitalisasi dalam pendidikan. Hanya saja, di Indonesia pada masa sebelum pandemi pendayagunaanya belum optimal. Ketergantungan masyarakat pada internet membuat digitalisasi pendidikan ini menjadi satu-satunya solusi agar kegiatan pembelajaran tetap dapat dilaksanakan dimasa pandemi covid-19 seperti ini. Adapun kendala sarana dan prasarana yang harus dipenuhi dalam rangka menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran. Penulisan ini dibuat untuk lebih memahami kembali definisi dari digitalisasi pendidikan, kehidupan pada era revolusi industri 4.0, hambatan dan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam sistem digitalisasi pendidikan ini, serta kesiapan sarana dan prasarana akademik dalam mendukung digitalisasi pendidikan hukum.
Postępowanie w sprawach gospodarczych. Nowe rozwiązania prawne
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Arkuszewska Aneta
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the publication is to familiarize new and at the same time key legal regulations, the main assumption of which is optimization and ensuring faster and more effective recognition of economic matters, as well as guaranteeing legal protection for non-entrepreneurs and the so-called small entrepreneurs. The article presents legal solutions that are intended to serve the above purposes, i.e. a conflict of laws rule that resolves conflicts that may occur at the interface between commercial proceedings and other separate proceedings, new formal requirements for the application and the first defendant’s pleading, temporal limits for the transfer of an economic and non-economic case to a competent court and the possibility of bypassing the provisions on economic proceedings in a situation where the party to the dispute is not the entrepreneur or the entrepreneur is a natural person.
Umorzenie procesu zawieszonego w związku z niemożnością doręczenia odpisu pozwu
Authors:   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, Polska, Mendrek Aneta
Published: January 2021

In the article, the author critically analyzes the new regulations introduced in the amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure of 4 July 2019 among others from the point of view of the right to a court (in aspects: access to court and right to a fair trial) and formulates de lege ferenda postulates.
Charakter prawny procesowego i pozaprocesowego oświadczenia woli o potrąceniu w kontekście zarzutu potrącenia zawartego w art. 203 1 k.p.c.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice, Polska, Płaziuk Jakub
Published: January 2021

When two persons are debtors and creditors to each other, each of them may submit a declaration of intent to the other party about deduction. A declaration of will to deduct may be submitted before the commencement of court proceedings, during it or after its termination. A declaration of intent by one of the parties must be introduced to the proceeding in the form of an offsetting claim. Therefore, the important question arises whether the declaration of will on deduction made before or after the initiation of the proceedings, but also outside of it, must also be introduced to the proceeding in the form of an offsetting claim. Settlement of the issue is important because in the event of an affirmative answer to such a question the objection of deduction will have to meet the requirements arising from art. 203 1 k.p.c.
Dowody na gruncie nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego z 4 lipca 2019 r. – zagadnienia wybrane
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polska, Sadowska Beata
Published: January 2021

This article presents selected issues concerning revision Civil Procedure Code of 4 July 2019 in the field of taking of evidence. The Author described amendments to the provisions governing expert evidence. The Author primarily described new institution of „expert-witness” and issues concerning establish expert income. The Author described also many amendments of the nature of organizing and systematizing legal provisions with regard of taking of evidence.
Zdatność arbitrażowa sporów korporacyjnych (uchwałowych) po nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, Polska, Wydra Łukasz
Published: January 2021

Since 8 September 2019, amendments of the Code of Civil Procure, referring among others to the arbitrability of the disputes, the scope of subjects to be bound by arbitration clause contained in the articles of association of a company the modern way of informing on a corporate dispute that has arisen. entered into force. Hence, it is too early to make complex evaluation of the given amendments, it would be desirable if at least the arbitrability of corporate disputes would extend.
Postępowanie zabezpieczające w świetle nowelizacji dokonanej ustawą z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks postępowania cywilnego oraz niektórych inny ustaw
Authors:   Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. Witelona w Legnicy, Polska, Banaszewska Anna
Published: January 2021

The aim of this article is to present changes to the civil claim-securing proceedings made under the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Act – Code of Civil Procedure and certain other acts. It analyses not only the regulations contained in part two of the Code, which have been modified or repealed as a result of the abovementioned amendment, but also general regulations of the Code which are applicable in the security proceedings that have been amended. The author makes a critical examination of the reform and formulates the postulates de lege ferenda.
Delegacyjna właściwość sądu ze względu na „dobro wymiaru sprawiedliwości” w postępowaniu cywilnym
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Zaborowska Paulina
Published: January 2021

The amendment introduced into the CCP general clause – „good justice”. The above delegation competence causes numerous interpretative controversies. Due to art. 45 item 1 of the Polish Constitution, the new regulation should be interpreted strictly. Too broad an interpretation may lead to a weakening of the authority of the judiciary. It should be assumed that the application can only be submitted by the court with territorial jurisdiction.
Ewolucja katalogu czynności z zakresu ochrony prawnej wykonywanych przez referendarzy sądowych – uwagi na tle nowelizacji ustawy – Kodeks postępowania cywilnego oraz ustawy – prawo upadłościowe
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska, Zieliński Hubert
Published: January 2021

The article aims to present the latest changes in the Code of Civil Procedure and the Bank-ruptcy Law on the background of historical evolution of judicial clerk profession and Constitutional Tribunal case law. It emphasizes that the part of new regulations, which were meant to reduce the amount of work for the judges, can be incompatible with Constitution. There is a risk that part of these changes can be treated as an administration of justice, which, according to Constitution is reserved to independent judges. In the article it is also mentioned, which other court activities can be done by judicial clerks without the doubts about the constitutional guarantees in the future.
Wyjątki od obowiązku zachowania tajemnicy lekarskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska, Grabowska Maria
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present statutory and non-statutory conditions that must be met in order for the disclosure of information covered by professional confidentiality in relation to the complex doctor–patient relationship to be legitimate. The article discusses the catalog of circumstances excluding the obligation of medical confidentiality, resulting from normative acts of the statutory rank (Act of 5 December 1996 on the professions of physician and dentist, Journal of Laws 1997 No. 28, item 152; Act of 6 November 2008 on patient rights and the Ombudsman for Patient Rights, Journal of Laws 2009 No. 52, item 417), as well as the provisions of the Medical Code of Ethics.
Tajemnica duszpasterska. Analiza na przykładzie rozwiązań odnoszących się do Kościoła Ewangelicko-Reformowanego w RP
Authors:   Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa, Polska, Łukańko Bernard
Published: January 2021

The study presents and analyses solutions in common law relating to the protection of pastoral secrecy, and more precisely the secrecy of pastoral conversation in the Evangelical Reformed Church in the Republic of Poland, which stems from the Swiss branch of Reformation and which has a tradition of 450 years in Poland. The analysis covers the institution of pastoral secrecy as compared to the institution of the seal of confession which is clearly protected under the provision of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Code of Civil Procedure, the Code of Administrative Procedure, the Tax Ordinance Act and the Supreme Audit Office Act. Furthermore, the study features a presentation of internal regulations of the Evangelical Reformed Church concerning pastoral secrecy and an analysis of the case law of Polish and German courts applicable to the protection of that type of secrecy.
Udział biegłego w przesłuchaniu świadka w postępowaniu cywilnym – wybrane problemy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polska, Derlatka Joanna
Published: January 2021

In the light of the Act of 4 July 2019 about the amendment of the Act – Code of Civil Procedure and some other acts, many changes are introduced in the regulations on evidence in civil proceedings. The analysis focuses on presentation and assessment of the effects of changes contained in the Art. 272 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This provision provides for the introduction of participation of an expert in the hearing of a witness in civil proceedings. If there is doubt as to the ability to observe or recollect observations of a witness, the court may decide that the witness will testify with the attendance of an expert physician or psychologist, and the witness cannot oppose this. The provision is based on the current regulation of Art. 192 § 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. After the amendment enters into force, many problems arise regarding art. 272 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure and the other new procedural solutions, such as omission of evidence or repetition of evidence proceedings.
Przedawnienie i potrącenie w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego (ustawa z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks postępowania cywilnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw) – zagadnienia wybrane
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Kajmowicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

By the Act of 4 July 2019 – on the amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure and some other acts, major modifications were made to the civil procedure. In accordance with the intention of the legislator, the introduced changes are to result in shortening the duration of proceedings before civil courts and improve the course of civil proceedings. Among the amended provisions, the legislator introduced completely new solutions to the Code of Civil Procedure, including mechanisms preventing the enforcement of time-barred claims and provisions limiting the possibility of using the charge of offsetting in the course of a civil trial. In connection with the above, this article will be devoted to discussion of selected issues related to the limitation period and deduction based on the amended civil trial.
Respuesta de chile dulce (Capsicum annuum) a la inoculación de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares nativos y al parasitismo del nematodo agallador Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Herrera-Parra E. , Ramos-Zapata J. , Basto-Pool C. , Cristóbal-Alejo J.
Published: January 2021

En condiciones de invernadero se establecieron dos experimentos con el objetivo de estimar el efecto de tres especies nativas de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares, Funneliformis geosporum, Claroideoglomus claroideum y Glomus ambisporum en el crecimiento inicial, a los 47 días posteriores a la siembra de C. annuum, y en el biocontrol a los 97 días posteriores a la inoculación de M. incognita. Los tratamientos se establecieron en un diseño experimental completamente al azar. A los 47 días posteriores a la siembra, G. ambisporum promovió un crecimiento significativo (P≤0.01) de las plántulas en altura (20.50%), biomasa aérea seca (30.43%) y peso fresco de raíz (24.7%) en relación a la fertilización química al 100%. La colonización micorrízica total fue alta (96.97-100%). A los 97 días posteriores a la siembra F. geosporum y G. ambisporum redujeron significativamente (P≤0.01) el índice de agallamiento en 79.65%. El efecto del nematicida para reducir la reproducción del nematodo fue igual (P≤0.01) al obtenido con F. geosporum y G. ambisporum con reducciones de producción de huevos en 89% y de formación de hembras de 69.73%. Las especies de hongos favorecieron el crecimiento de las plantas y son un recurso potencial microbiano para el biocontrol de M. incognita.
Calculation of the slope of the filling reinforced geosynthetic structure on frozen soils
Authors: Kazharskii Alexey , Kudryavtsev Sergey , Borisova Anastasiia
Published: January 2021

The article studies the problem of assessing the possible causes of deformations of the retaining gabion wall, performing calculations of the stability of the retaining wall for the period of restoration work, as well as developing a project to stabilize the deformed section.
The aim of the work is to assess the possible causes of deformations of the retaining gabion wall for a certain period of time, to perform calculations of the stability of the retaining wall for the period of restoration work, as well as to develop a project to restore the deformed section.
At the first stage of the work, the stability and reliability of the measures for temporary embankment protection were checked for the period of dismantling the gabion retaining wall and building a new retaining structure. At the second stage of work, a design of a retaining structure was developed at the site of the dismantling carried out. As an alternative design of the gabion retaining wall, an armored structure made of geogrid was considered.
The analysis of possible causes of deformations is carried out. The calculation of the stability of the retaining wall before/after the measures to strengthen the slope was performed. Calculations of an armored soil wall from a geogrid were carried out in the Midas GTS NX software package, which allows you to perform stability calculations, determine the stress-strain state of the base and structure, determine deformations, forces, etc.
The solution to the problem of determining the stability of the structure was made by the method of strength reduction. The search for a solution is carried out on the basis of a sequential decrease (increase) in the shear characteristics of the soil (specific adhesion and the angle of internal friction). The calculation of stability and determination of the stress-strain state are performed.
The results of the conducted studies have shown the effectiveness of using geogrids with soil wrapping as an measure to strengthen the slope. The condition for ensuring the stability of the retaining wall is provided if the recommendations for the construction of the retaining structure are followed.
Adaptation of the stomatherapy service during the COVID-19 pandemic: an experience report
Authors: Tanaka Ana Karina Silva da Rocha , Paczek Rosaura Soares , Brum Bruna Noschang de , Brito Daniela Trintinaia , Alexandre Elaine Maria , Agostini Alessandra Garcia de Figueiredo
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To report the experience of adapting the stomatherapy service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Experience report related to adaptations in the work routine in times of COVID-19 pandemic, from March to May 2020, in a specialized stomatherapy center in a city in the South of Brazil. Results The work routines were adapted to suit the protection measures for workers and users who used stomatherapy services. Some assistance processes were implemented to make users' access to care more flexible, and to modify routines to increase the safety of health professionals and users. Conclusion The need to adapt the physical area, rethink the dynamics of care, use personal protective equipment, and guidance for servers and patients were of fundamental importance to continue attending the population safely in times of pandemic.
Two-Week Burden of Arrhythmias across CKD Severity in a Large Community-Based Cohort: The ARIC Study
Authors: Kim Esther D. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Coresh Josef , Matsushita Kunihiro , Chen Lin Yee
Published: January 2021

Significance Statement

CKD is associated with sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation (AF). However, other arrhythmia types and different arrhythmic burden measures, such as presence and frequency of an arrhythmia, are not well characterized in CKD. To comprehensively quantify the burden of arrhythmias across CKD severity in 2257 community-dwelling older adults aged 71–94 years, the authors examined associations of major arrhythmias with CKD measures using 2-week noninvasive electrocardiogram monitoring. After adjusting for confounders, CKD—especially as measured by albuminuria—was associated with the presence of AF and with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Additionally, eGFR was associated with less frequent atrioventricular block, whereas albuminuria was associated with more frequent ventricular ectopy. Use of a novel 2-week monitoring approach revealed a broader range of arrhythmias associated with CKD than previously reported.

Background

CKD is associated with sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation (AF). However, other types of arrhythmia and different measures of the burden of arrhythmias, such as presence and frequency, have not been well characterized in CKD.

Methods

To quantify the burden of arrhythmias across CKD severity in 2257 community-dwelling adults aged 71–94 years, we examined associations of major arrhythmias with CKD measures (eGFR and albuminuria) among individuals in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Participants underwent 2 weeks of noninvasive, single-lead electrocardiogram monitoring. We examined types of arrhythmia burden: presence and frequency of arrhythmias and percent time in arrhythmias.

Results

Of major arrhythmias, there was a higher prevalence of AF and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia among those with more severe CKD, followed by long pause (>30 seconds) and atrioventricular block. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was the most frequent major arrhythmia (with 4.2 episodes per person-month). Most participants had ventricular ectopy, supraventricular tachycardia, and supraventricular ectopy. Albuminuria consistently associated with higher AF prevalence and percent time in AF, and higher prevalence of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. When other types of arrhythmic burden were examined, lower eGFR was associated with a lower frequency of atrioventricular block. Although CKD measures were not strongly associated with minor arrhythmias, higher albuminuria was associated with a higher frequency of ventricular ectopy.

Conclusions

CKD, especially as measured by albuminuria, is associated with a higher burden of AF and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Additionally, eGFR is associated with less frequent atrioventricular block, whereas albuminuria is associated with more frequent ventricular ectopy. Use of a novel, 2-week monitoring approach demonstrated a broader range of arrhythmias associated with CKD than previously reported.
The Effect of Temporal and Spatial Distance of Tourism Product on Product Choice and Choice Satisfaction: An Application of Construal Level Theory
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Seong-Jo
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the decision-making process for the purchase of tourism product in different choice situations with different temporal and spatial distances. Unlike ordinary retail product, tourism products are separated in temporal and spatial distance between purchase and experiencing product, so that those can have an important influence on product purchase decisions. Despite its importance, the psychological distance of tourism consumers about temporal and spatial distance has not received much attention among researches in tourism discipline. Based on construal level theory, this study examined whether psychological distance (temporal and spatial) influences potential travelers' making-choice and choice satisfaction. Using a scenario method, respondents were randomly assigned to one of four different scenarios (2 temporal distance × 2 spatial distance). The results of this study showed that potential travelers made different purchase choice decision depending on the temporal and spatial distance. To be specific, potential travelers increased the likelihood of making choice product that are close temporal and far spatial distance, and they were more satisfied with their decision-making in far psychological distance (temporal and spatial distance) of choice situation. This study also demonstrated that participants who made 'no-choice' in far temporal distance perceived a lower satisfaction with their decision than those who made a 'choice' preferred product. Results from this study showed that temporal and spatial distance can have an important influence on the purchase choice and their decision satisfaction. Based on these results, implications related to the psychology of choice of tourism consumers and the future research directions are provided.
Effect of Airline Cabin Crew Fatigue Increase Factors on Emotional Dissonance: Mediating Effect of Flight Stress
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Pyo Yong-Hee
Published: January 2021

This study explored the working environment of airline cabin crew and enhance service quality by examining the relationship between flight fatigue and psychological service degradation factors, and flight stress as a moderating variable. A conveinence sample of 453 cases were analyzed. The study participants were domestic airlines' cabin crews who were recruited through SNS, from Jan. 2020~May 2020. It was found that there is a statistically positive(+) relationship between flight fatigue increase and psychological service degradation factors, and flight stress. Consequently, it was found that route, physical, human, and unexpected factors increasing flight fatigue of cabin crews have a positive effect on flight stress. It was also found that flight stress affects psychological service degradation, and by examining the relationship between the fatigue increase and psychological service degradation factors, and stress moderator, it was found that fatigue increase factors and flight stress affect psychological service degradation. The findings suggest that service worker, such as airline cabin crew experience emotional dissonance due to the customers' improper service requirements and the organizational norms. This study is an initial inquiry into the relationship between the cabin crew's flight stress factors and psychological decline.
The Development of Social Exclusion Indicators of Residents: Focusing on the Exclusion Phenomenon in the Tourism Development Process of Living Space
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Sang-Hoon
Published: January 2021

This study focused on the social exclusion of residents that occurred in the process of the tourism destinations project of living spaces. In addition, an indicator was developed to enable social exclusion research in the field of tourism. In-depth interviews with residents, expert survey, and survey of residents were conducted. This study was conducted in Gamcheon culture village in Busan metropolitan city. The indicator development process was carried out in a total of 14 steps through the process of extracting initial items, developing indicators, and evaluating indicators based on previous research. A total of 24 social exclusion indicators have been developed. There are two major academic implications for developing indicators. First, it laid the foundation for studying the exclusion experiences of residents in the tourism development process. Second, measurement indicators supplemented the limitations of existing indicators in other academic fields by including a number of dynamic aspects and contents covered by objective and subjective indicators. This study presented two implications from a practical point of view. First, it provided a foundation for empirically measuring the social exclusion of residents when promoting tourism development projects. Second, the basis for policy diagnosis on the effects of tourism destinations projects in living spaces was provided. These practical implications can serve as an opportunity to examine the negative effects of future tourism development projects. In addition, the developed indicators can be found meaningful in that they can be used as basic data for policy inspection.
An Analysis of Tourists’ Conflict Experience on Package Tourism Product: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Han Jin-Seok , Kim Nam-Jo
Published: January 2021

This study raises the need for a study on the conflict arising from the package tourism product experience from the perspective of a tourist. Therefore, we attempted to comprehensively identify the conflicts experienced in the process of experiencing travel products for tourists, who are regarded as the biggest agent of package tourism products. In this study, we utilized the grounded theory method. In-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 15 participants. The analysis was performed according to the research procedure of three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Three research questions were presented, and the findings of the data analysis showed that the current package tourism product encountered various conflict situations during the experience. The conflict situation was exerting a great influence on the slowdown and stagnation of package tourism products. Therefore, the travel agency should consider the will of active improvement for various conflict inducing factors, conflict situations, etc. derived from this study. Travel agencies should be aware of the seriousness of the unresolved conflict. In addition, stakeholders such as travel agencies and tour guides need to consider the objectives of 'healing','memory', 'special meaning', and 'expectation from escape from everyday life' that tourists pursue through travel. Furthermore, it is suggested to develop into a form of transformational tourism that maximizes the merits of travel experience, based on this theoretical basis.
Hominin lower limb bones from Sterkfontein Caves, South Africa (1998–2003 excavations)
Authors: Pickering Travis Rayne , Heaton Jason L. , Clarke Ron J. , Stratford Dominic , Heile A.J.
Published: January 2021

We describe late Pliocene and early Pleistocene hominin fossils from Sterkfontein Caves (South Africa), including two femoral specimens, as well as a partial tibia and a partial fibula. The fossils are likely assignable to Australopithecus africanus and/or Australopithecus prometheus and the morphology of each corroborates previous interpretations of Sterkfontein hominins as at least facultative bipeds.
Significance:

A recent series of papers by our research team describes the morphology of a hominin skeleton from Sterkfontein Caves (South Africa), nicknamed ‘Little Foot’. Based on its unique skull morphology, R.J. Clarke, the skeleton’s discoverer, places it in the species Australopithecus prometheus, as distinct from the better-known and co-occurring Australopithecus africanus. Here we describe additional hominin thigh and leg fossils from Sterkfontein that, when considered in a comparative context, support the hypothesis that there was significant (probably interspecific) variation in South African hominin postcranial morphology during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene.
Teatime in Kruger: Tailoring the application of the Tea Bag Index approach to an African savanna
Authors: Erasmus Loewan L. , Van Coller Helga , Siebert Frances
Published: January 2021

Attempts to obtain standardised decomposition data to determine potential drivers of carbon release have evolved from the use of cotton strips and standardised leaf litter mixtures to the most recent Tea Bag Index (TBI). The TBI is an internationally standardised method to collect comparable, globally distributed data on decomposition rate and litter stabilisation, using commercially available tea bags as standardised test kits. As this index was developed as a citizen science project in the northern hemisphere, we aimed to highlight the potential value – and pitfalls – of its application in a subtropical African savanna. We furthermore aimed to expand on existing protocol details and propose amendments to achieve an enhanced understanding of decomposition dynamics across temporal and spatial scales in African ecosystems. Proposed adaptations include extended incubation periods for long-term monitoring studies, the burial of more tea bags to account for potential losses, and the use of additional equipment to enhance effective sampling. These adaptations provide a system-specific protocol which can facilitate studies aimed to understand the interactions between top-down drivers (e.g. herbivory, fire, climate variability) and bottom-up controls (e.g. decomposition) in carbon flux dynamics of savanna ecosystems. Application of the proposed extended protocol in a semi-arid savanna provided results which reinforce the potential value of the TBI in an African context.
Significance:

The TBI is a relatively easy and cost-effective approach to gather globally distributed data on potential decomposition rate and inherent carbon flux, yet it was developed and primarily tested in boreal and temperate ecosystems.
The use of more paired tea bag replicates and additional equipment is a viable means to mitigate tea bag losses to several savanna-based agents of disturbance, while enabling confident conclusions made from statistical results and improved estimates of the TBI. High recovery success across disturbance treatments and incubation periods suggest that the TBI can be applied successfully to spatial and  temporal decomposition studies.
Predicting take-up of home loan offers using tree-based ensemble models: A South African case study
Authors: Verster Tanja , Harcharan Samistha , Bezuidenhout Lizette , Baesens Bart
Published: January 2021

We investigated different take-up rates of home loans in cases in which banks offered different interest rates. If a bank can increase its take-up rates, it could possibly improve its market share. In this article, we explore empirical home loan price elasticity, the effect of loan-to-value on the responsiveness of home loan customers and whether it is possible to predict home loan take-up rates. We employed different regression models to predict take-up rates, and tree-based ensemble models (bagging and boosting) were found to outperform logistic regression models on a South African home loan data set. The outcome of the study is that the higher the interest rate offered, the lower the take-up rate (as was expected). In addition, the higher the loan-to-value offered, the higher the take-up rate (but to a much lesser extent than the interest rate). Models were constructed to estimate take-up rates, with various modelling techniques achieving validation Gini values of up to 46.7%. Banks could use these models to positively influence their market share and profitability. Significance: We attempt to answer the question: What is the optimal offer that a bank could make to a home loan client to ensure that the bank meets the maximum profitability threshold while still taking risk into account? To answer this question, one of the first factors that needs to be understood is take-up rate. We present a case study – with real data from a South African bank – to illustrate that it is indeed possible to predict take-up rates using various modelling techniques.
L’acte d’écriture chez Ibn ʿArabī dans Les Illuminations Mecquoises
Authors: FATHI Mohssine
Published: January 2021

D’après Ibn ʿArabī, l’écriture première d’où toute Vérité existentielle s’est émanée n’est que le résultat de la communion de la Plume _(Qalam)_ avec la Planchette préservée _(al-Lawḥ al-Maḥfūẓ)_ où toute Vérité était écrite avant sa concrétisation existentielle. Cela dit, le premier principe de l’Etre fut par effluence de l’intellect universel _(al-ʿAql al-kullī)_ qu’est la plume, dépôt du Savoir divin. Ainsi, l’écriture chez Ibn Arabi n’est que la traduction langagière des inspirations divines _(al-wāridāt al-Ilāhiyya)_, ce qui justifie l’absence d’unité thématique dans son ouvrage les « Illuminations Mecquoises » car il n’écrit que conformément à ce que lui accorde son état spirituel _(ḥāl)_ au moment de la rédaction. De cette manière, son acte d’écriture par allusion à la Vérité _(al-išāra)_ se balance entre l’écriture par code _(ramz)_ et l’écriture par sagesse _(al-ḥikma)._ Alors comment ces deux éléments d’écriture spirituels rythment-ils de l’intérieur le texte des « Illuminations Mecquoises » ?
Development and validation of nomograms for predicting survival of elderly patients with stage I small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Yaji , Sun Shusen , Wang Yuwei , Xiong Feng , Xiao Yin , Huang Jing
Published: January 2021

There is a lack of predictive models to determine the prognosis of elderly patients diagnosed with stage I small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The purpose of this study was to establish a useful nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in this patient population. Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry database, patients aged ≥ 65 years with pathological American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I SCLC from 2004 to 2014 were identified. The CSS was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients were randomly split into training and validation sets. In the training cohort, univariate analysis and multivariate analysis using the Cox regression identified risk factors that affected CSS. The results were utilized to construct a nomogram for the prediction of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS rates of elderly patients with stage I SCLC. The effectiveness of the nomogram was validated internally and externally by the bootstrap method. The clinical practicability and accuracy of the nomogram were evaluated by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analysis. In total, we extracted 1,623 elderly patients with stage I SCLC. The median CSS was 34 months, and the 5-year CSS was 41%. Multivariate analysis revealed that histologic type, tumor size, age, and AJCC stage were significant predictors of CSS. A nomogram was constructed according to the results of multivariate Cox analysis. The C-indices of the nomogram for training and validation sets were 0.68 and 0.62, indicating that the nomogram demonstrated a favorable level of discrimination. The calibration curves exhibited satisfactory agreement between the actual observation and nomogram prediction. The net benefit of the nomogram was better than the AJCC TNM staging. We constructed a practical nomogram to predict the CSS of elderly patients with stage I SCLC. The predictive tool is helpful for patients counseling and treatment decision-making.
TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK OKURYAZARLIĞI
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Serdar , AKÇA Hatice
Published: January 2021

Sağlık okuryazarlığı, bir hastaya tıbbi bir bilgi vermek

istendiğinde, bireyin bu bilgiyi anlayıp, yorumlaması

ve buna uygun davranış göstermesidir. Sağlık okuryazarlığı

ilk kez 1974 yılında tanımlanmış olsa da ülkemizde

bu kavramın öneminin anlaşılması daha yakın

geçmişte olmuştur. Ülkemizde yapılan ilk büyük çaplı

araştırma Sağlık ve Sosyal Hizmet Çalışanları Sendikası

tarafından 2014 yılında yapılmıştır. Ülkemizde

diğer bir geçerlilik çalışması ülkemiz Sağlık Bakanlığı

katkılarıyla Okyay ve Abacıgil editörlüğünde geniş bir

ekiple 2016 yılında yapılan “Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı

Ölçekleri Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması”

dır. Bu çalışmada ile Türk toplumuna yönelik Avrupa

Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlaması

(ASOY-TR) ve Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32

(TSOY-32) ülkemiz literatürüne kazandırılmıştır.
ANOVA to Compare Three Methods to Track COVID-19 in Nine Countries
Authors:   ,   Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, Juárez-Lucero Jorge
Published: January 2021

A new coronavirus denominated first 2019-nCoV and later SARS-CoV-2 was found in Wuhan, China in December of 2019. This paper compares three mathematical methods: nonlinear regression, SIR, and SEIR epidemic models, to track the covid-19 disease in nine countries affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, to help epidemiologists to know the disease trajectory, considering initial data in the pandemic, mainly 100 days from the beginning. To evaluate the results obtained with the three methods one-way ANOVA is applied. The average of predicted infected cases with SARS-CoV-2, obtained with the mentioned methods was: for United States of America 1,098,508, followed by Spain with 226,721, Italy with 202,953, France with 183,897 United Kingdom with 182,190, Germany with 159,407, Canada with 58,696, Mexico with 50,366 and Argentina with 4,860 in average. The one-way ANOVA does not show a significant difference among the results of the projected infected cases by SARS-CoV-2, using nonlinear regression, SIR, and SEIR epidemic methods. The above could mean that initially any method can be used to model the pandemic course.
Halkla İlişkilerde Şeffaf İç İletişim ve Dönüşümcü Liderliğin Kurumsal Değişim ve Kurumsal Güven İnşasındaki Rolü
Authors: YILDIRIM Gonca
Published: January 2021

Özellikle değişim, kriz gibi durumlarda halkla ilişkiler ve iletişimin rolü yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Ancak buna karşın kurumsal değişim esnasında halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim yaklaşımının gerekliliği birçok kurum tarafından da göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu durumdan yola çıkıldığında; çoğunlukla işletme, yönetim-organizasyon alanında ele alınan değişim yönetimi ve dönüşümcü liderlik bu çalışmada halkla ilişkiler ve şeffaf iletişim açısından ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca dönüşümcü liderlik ve şeffaf iletişimin, kurumsal değişimin yönetilmesinde ve kurumsal güvenin sağlanmasındaki rolü de bu çalışma kapsamında ilk kez birlikte incelenmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı şeffaf iletişim ile kurumsal değişim yönetimi ve kurumsal güven oluşturma arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Dönüşümcü liderler ile çalışanların kurumsal değişime açıklığı ve kurumsal güven yaratma arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek de çalışmanın bir diğer amacıdır. Çalışmanın araştırma kısmı basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan 423 kişi ile yapılan anketin verilerine dayanmaktadır. Bulgular, şeffaf iletişimin ve dönüşümcü liderliğin ve çalışanların kurumsal güveni ile olumlu bir şekilde ilişkili olduğunu ve bunun da çalışanın değişime açıklığını olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir.
Genç Yetişkinlerin Televizyondaki Dini Programlara Yönelik Tutumları ve Güven Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Ampirik Bir Araştırma
Authors: DOĞAN İsmailcan
Published: January 2021

Televizyon, birçok işlevi bulunan önemli bir kitle iletişim aracıdır. Bu işlevlerden geniş
kitlelere ulaşabilme, bilgi edinmede bir kaynak rolü üstlenme, içeriğinde yer alan kanal ve
programların çeşitliliği ve buna benzer birçok özelliği televizyonu hayatın vazgeçilmez bir
parçası haline getirmiştir. Televizyon, kitle iletişim araçları içerisinde dini anlamda en sık
başvurulan kaynaklardan birisidir. Özellikle kutsal gün ve gecelerde öne çıkan dini içerikli
televizyon programlarında, dini anlamda farklı tartışmalara yer verilmekte, böylece dini
bilgi toplum içerisinde yayılmaktadır. Ancak televizyondaki dini programların sayısının
her geçen gün artması, programlardaki uzmanların dini anlamda yeterlilik düzeyleri, dini
bilgilerin manipüle edilmesi gibi değişkenler, televizyondaki dini programlara yönelik
izleyicilerin farklı tutumlar içerisine girmesine ve dini programların güvenilirliklerinin
izleyiciler tarafından sorgulanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu sorgulamayı yapan ve dini
içeriğe sahip programları izleyen kitleler ele alındığında karşımıza farklı demografik
gruplar çıkabilmektedir. Zira dini içerikli programlar tıpkı diğer programlar gibi hem
kendi içerisinde hem de izleyici kitlesi anlamında farklılıklar arz etmektedir. Bu anlamda
dini programların izleyici kitlesi arasında yer alan genç yetişkinler konunun önemli bir
yönünü oluşturmaktadır. Bu programlara yönelik olarak genç yetişkinlerin bakış açıları,
güven düzeyleri ve tutumları şüphesiz ortaya çıkarılması gereken önemli bir konudur.
Buradan hareketle bu çalışma ile literatürde yapılan tartışmalara ampirik verilerle katkı
sunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma verileri anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın
örneklemi Kayseri ili merkezinden tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir.
Hazırlanan anket formu toplamda 303 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, genç yetişkinlerde
kadınların erkeklere oranla televizyondaki dini programlara güven düzeylerinin daha
düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca gençler bu programlarda uzman olmayan kişilere
yer verilmemesi gerektiğini düşünmektedirler.
Imaging in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia
Authors: MJ Srikala , A Yadav
Published: January 2021

In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) pneumonia began in Wuhan (Hubei Province, China). The COVID-19 spread rapidly across China and many other countries and assumed a pandemic proportion. As of January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has designated this outbreak as a global health emergency. Respiratory droplets and direct contact are likely to be the most important routes of transmission. Therefore, early diagnosis and isolation becomes essential against novel coronavirus. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the reference standard to confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. However, more and more false negative RT-PCR results have been reported recently making the diagnosis rather challenging. Currently, HRCT is one of the best tools for screening, primary diagnosis, estimation of disease severity, and prediction of the prognosis. HRCT manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia have not been well known. Recent studies showed that typical HRCT findings included bilateral pulmonary parenchymal ground glass and consolidative opacities, with a peripheral lung distribution However, the HRCT features of COVID-19 are very diverse, and it is difficult to differentiate it from other kinds of viral pneumonia. This article describes the salient features of COVID-19 pneumonia in lung and the temporal progression of the changes and also the common and important imaging differential diagnoses to be considered. Keywords: COVID-19; pneumonia; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease; pandemic
COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease
Authors: P Suri , V Arora
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a spectrum of disease spanning from a barely symptomatic infection to critical illness, is caused by the new coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome have been at a centre stage as the most dreadful complications of COVID-19, the heart damage has recently emerged as yet another grim outcome in the virus’s repertoire of possible complications. The cardiac involvement occurs as a direct invasion of cardiomyocytes by the virus via the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and also indirectly by the inflammatory reaction due to cytokine storm. COVID-19 increases the severity of an already pre-existing heart disease and also unmasks the cardiac symptoms in a previously undiagnosed heart disease as well. Apart from this the drugs that are repurposed and are supposed to have a preventive or a therapeutic potential are also supposedly causing cardiac side effects. In the absence of substantial database all these seem to be a hypothetical correlation and one needs to rely on clinical skills and acumen. Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cardiovascular disease; acute respiratory distress syndrome