bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural variation of ant nests mediates the local distribution and abundance of an associate
Authors: Parmentier T. , Braem S.
Published: March 2024

Symbionts form intricate associations with their hosts. They can only establish when potential hosts are present, but in addition, their distribution is often influenced by microhabitat preferences, which may not overlap those of their hosts. This leads to a patchy local distribution of the symbiont, being present with some hosts and absent with others. We studied this effect of microhabitat preferences on symbiont distribution by examining the occurrence and density of the obligately ant‐associated springtail Cyphoderus albinus Nicolet (Collembola: Paronellidae) across a mosaic of ant nests. Nest structure strongly varied both within and between ant species and included sand, dead wood, arboreal and thatch mound nests. We hypothesized that the symbiotic springtail would show the strongest preference for thermoregulated and organic‐rich nests such as thatch mounds. The springtail was found in all thatch mound nests of red wood ants and in all arboreal nests of Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille). A high occurrence (75%) was recorded in the smaller thatch nests of Formica sanguinea Latreille. Lasius, Myrmica and Formica species exhibited variation in nest structures on the ground, establishing nests in both sand and wood. For each of these three host taxa, encountering the springtail was more likely in their wood nests (medium‐to‐high occurrence), than in their sand nests where the occurrence was low. Nest structure did not only impact springtail occurrence, but their densities as well. The densities within thatch nests were much higher than those in other nest types, achieving the highest densities (1148 individuals per litre of nest material) observed for a social insect symbiont. Our findings emphasize that host nests with wood structures and thatch material provide a more favourable habitat for the springtail compared with soil nests. Overall, this study underscores the role of microhabitat variation in the spatial distribution and density of a symbiotic species.
Involvement of microglia‐expressed MS4A6A in the onset of glioblastoma
Authors: Lv Wenhao , Lin Shengyan , Zuo Zhenxing , Huang Zhihui , Wang Yongjie
Published: March 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the deadliest form of brain tumour, characterized by its low survival rate and grim prognosis. Cytokines released from glioma‐associated microglia/macrophages are involved in establishing the tumour microenvironment, thereby crucially promoting GBM progression. MS4A6A polymorphism was confirmed to be associated with neurodegenerative and polymorphism disease pathobiology, but whether it participates in the regulation of GBM and the underlying mechanisms is still not elucidated. Here, we found that MS4A6A was significantly upregulated in GBM patient samples. The results from the single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) database and immunostaining demonstrated the specific expression of MS4A6A in microglial cells. In vitro, microglial overexpression of MS4A6A stimulated the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells. Moreover, high MS4A6A mRNA expression was related to poor prognosis in GBM patients. Our study highlights the potential of MS4A6A as a promising biomarker for GBM, which may provide novel strategies for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Mammalian Diaphanous1 signalling in neurovascular complications of diabetes
Authors: Jarosławska Julia , Kordas Bernard , Miłowski Tadeusz , Juranek Judyta K.
Published: March 2024

Over the past few decades, diabetes gradually has become one of the top non‐communicable disorders, affecting 476.0 million in 2017 and is predicted to reach 570.9 million people in 2025. It is estimated that 70 to 100% of all diabetic patients will develop some if not all, diabetic complications over the course of the disease. Despite different symptoms, mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic complications are similar, likely stemming from deficits in both neuronal and vascular components supplying hyperglycaemia‐susceptible tissues and organs. Diaph1, protein diaphanous homolog 1, although mainly known for its regulatory role in structural modification of actin and related cytoskeleton proteins, in recent years attracted research attention as a cytoplasmic partner of the receptor of advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) a signal transduction receptor, whose activation triggers an increase in proinflammatory molecules, oxidative stressors and cytokines in diabetes and its related complications. Both Diaph1 and RAGE are also a part of the RhoA signalling cascade, playing a significant role in the development of neurovascular disturbances underlying diabetes‐related complications. In this review, based on the existing knowledge as well as compelling findings from our past and present studies, we address the role of Diaph1 signalling in metabolic stress and neurovascular degeneration in diabetic complications. In light of the most recent developments in biochemical, genomic and transcriptomic research, we describe current theories on the aetiology of diabetes complications, highlighting the function of the Diaph1 signalling system and its role in diabetes pathophysiology.
Characterization and prediction of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters using a random forest model
Authors: Ju Xinni , She Dongli , Huang Xuan , Xia Yongqiu , Gao Lei
Published: March 2024

To effectively control nonpoint source pollution and predict its transport and load, understanding water and solute transport processes, patterns and mechanisms is essential. However, the measurement of water movement and solute transport parameters is usually a laborious and time‐consuming task. It is important to predict water movement and solute transport parameters from more readily available soil physical and chemical properties. In this study, a database of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters containing information retrieved from 83 published studies on soil properties, land use, management measures, etc. was established to characterize and simulate soil water movement and solute transport processes. Our results showed that the soil particle composition was closely related to all soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters. As the soil texture changed from sand to clay, the soil residual water content (θr) obviously increased. The soil porosity was significantly positively correlated with θr, saturated water content (θs), van Genuchten parameter α, dispersity (λ) and retardation factor (R) and negatively correlated with van Genuchten parameter n (p < 0.01). The use of random forest models allowed the prediction of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters by inputting common or even incomplete soil property parameters. The bulk density and particle composition jointly contributed 66% to the prediction of the soil hydraulic parameters and 44% to the prediction of the solute transport parameters. The pH exerted a notable impact on the solute transport parameters, especially dispersion coefficient (D), λ and R. The results may be useful in providing data support and facilitating the development of watershed nonpoint source pollution models.
Range expansion is both slower and more variable with rapid evolution across a spatial gradient in temperature
Authors: Usui Takuji , Angert Amy L.
Published: March 2024

Rapid evolution in colonising populations can alter our ability to predict future range expansions. Recent theory suggests that the dynamics of replicate range expansions are less variable, and hence more predictable, with increased selection at the expanding range front. Here, we test whether selection from environmental gradients across space produces more consistent range expansion speeds, using the experimental evolution of replicate duckweed populations colonising landscapes with and without a temperature gradient. We found that the range expansion across a temperature gradient was slower on average, with range‐front populations displaying higher population densities, and genetic signatures and trait changes consistent with directional selection. Despite this, we found that with a spatial gradient range expansion speed became more variable and less consistent among replicates over time. Our results therefore challenge current theory, highlighting that chance can still shape the genetic response to selection to influence our ability to predict range expansion speeds.
Diet composition and sterilization modifies intestinal microbiome diversity and burden of Theiler's virus infection–induced acute seizures
Authors: Zierath Dannielle K. , Davidson Stephanie , Manoukian Jonathan , Knox Kevin M. , White H. Steve , Meeker Stacey , Ericsson Aaron , Barker‐Haliski Melissa
Published: March 2024

Objective

Brain infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in C57BL/6J mice can induce acquired epileptogenesis. Diet alters acute seizure incidence in TMEV‐infected mice; yet it is unclear whether intestinal dysbiosis may also impact acute or chronic behavioral comorbidities. This study thus assessed the impact of diet formulation and sterilization on acute seizure presentation, gut microbiome composition, and epilepsy‐related chronic behavioral comorbidities.

Methods

Baseline fecal samples were collected from male C57BL/6J mice (4‐ to 5‐weeks‐old; Jackson Labs) upon facility arrival. Mice were randomized to either autoclaved (AC) or irradiated diet (IR) (Prolab RMH 3000) or IR (Picolab 5053). Three days later, mice underwent intracerebral TMEV or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) injection. Fecal samples were collected from a subset of mice at infection (Day 0) and Day 7 post‐infection. Epilepsy‐related working memory deficits and seizure threshold were assessed 6 weeks post‐infection. Gut microbiome diversity was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of fecal samples.

Results

TMEV‐infected mice displayed acute handling‐induced seizures, regardless of diet: 28 of 57 IR Picolab 5053 (49.1%), 30 of 41 IR Prolab RMH 3000 (73.2%), and 47 of 77 AC Prolab RMH 3000 (61%) mice displayed seizures. The number of observed seizures differed significantly by diet: IR Picolab 5053 diet‐fed mice had 2.2 ± 2.8 seizures (mean ± standard deviation), IR Prolab RMH 3000 diet‐fed mice had 3.5 ± 2.9 seizures, and AC Prolab RMH 3000 diet‐fed mice had 4.4 ± 3.8 seizures during the 7‐day monitoring period. Gut microbiome composition differed significantly in TMEV‐infected mice fed the AC Prolab RMH 3000 diet, with measured differences in gram‐positive bacteria. These mice also displayed worsened long‐term working memory deficits.

Significance

Diet‐induced differences in intestinal dysbiosis in the TMEV model are associated with marked changes in acute seizure presentation, symptomatic recovery, and onset of chronic behavioral comorbidities of epilepsy. Our study reveals a novel disease‐modifying impact of dietary manipulation on intestinal bacterial species after TMEV‐induced acute seizures.
Why did my seizures start now? Influences of lesion connectivity and genetic etiology on age at seizure onset in focal epilepsy
Authors: Macdonald‐Laurs Emma , Warren Aaron E. L. , Leventer Richard J. , Harvey A. Simon
Published: March 2024

Objective

Patients with focal, lesional epilepsy present with seizures at variable ages. Larger lesion size and overlap with sensorimotor or default mode network (DMN) have been associated with younger age at seizure onset in cohorts with mixed types of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Here, we studied determinants of age at seizure onset in patients with bottom‐of‐sulcus dysplasia (BOSD), a discrete type of FCD with highly localized epileptogenicity.

Methods

Eighty‐four patients (77% operated) with BOSD were studied. Demographic, histopathologic, and genetic findings were recorded. BOSD volume and anatomical, primary versus association, rostral versus caudal, and functional network locations were determined. Normative functional connectivity analyses were performed using each BOSD as a region of interest in resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of healthy children. Variables were correlated with age at seizure onset.

Results

Median age at seizure onset was 5.4 (interquartile range = 2–7.9) years. Of 50 tested patients, 22 had somatic and nine had germline pathogenic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway variants. Younger age at seizure onset was associated with greater BOSD volume (p = .002), presence of a germline pathogenic variant (p = .04), DMN overlap (p = .04), and increased functional connectivity with the DMN (p < .05, false discovery rate corrected). Location within sensorimotor cortex and networks was not associated with younger age at seizure onset in our relatively small but homogenous cohort.

Significance

Greater lesion size, pathogenic mTOR pathway germline variants, and DMN connectivity are associated with younger age at seizure onset in small FCD. Our findings strengthen the suggested role of DMN connectivity in the onset of FCD‐related focal epilepsy and reveal novel contributions of genetic etiology.
Modification of brain conductivity in human focal epilepsy: A model‐based estimation from stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Lagarde Stanislas , Modolo Julien , Yochum Maxime , Carvallo Andres , Ballabeni Alice , Scavarda Didier , Carron Romain , Villeneuve Nathalie , Bartolomei Fabrice , Wendling Fabrice
Published: March 2024

Objective

We have developed a novel method for estimating brain tissue electrical conductivity using low‐intensity pulse stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) stimulation coupled with biophysical modeling. We evaluated the hypothesis that brain conductivity is correlated with the degree of epileptogenicity in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy.

Methods

We used bipolar low‐intensity biphasic pulse stimulation (.2 mA) followed by a postprocessing pipeline for estimating brain conductivity. This processing is based on biophysical modeling of the electrical potential induced in brain tissue between the stimulated contacts in response to pulse stimulation. We estimated the degree of epileptogenicity using a semi‐automatic method quantifying the dynamic of fast discharge at seizure onset: the epileptogenicity index (EI). We also investigated how the location of stimulation within specific anatomical brain regions or within lesional tissue impacts brain conductivity.

Results

We performed 1034 stimulations of 511 bipolar channels in 16 patients. We found that brain conductivity was lower in the epileptogenic zone (EZ; unpaired median difference = .064, p < .001) and inversely correlated with the epileptogenic index value (p < .001, Spearman rho = −.32). Conductivity values were also influenced by anatomical site, location within lesion, and delay between SEEG electrode implantation and stimulation, and had significant interpatient variability. Mixed model multivariate analysis showed that conductivity is significantly associated with EI (F = 13.45, p < .001), anatomical regions (F = 5.586, p < .001), delay since implantation (F = 14.71, p = .003), and age at SEEG (F = 6.591, p = .027), but not with the type of lesion (F = .372, p = .773) or the delay since last seizure (F = 1.592, p = .235).

Significance

We provide a novel model‐based method for estimating brain conductivity from SEEG low‐intensity pulse stimulations. The brain tissue conductivity is lower in EZ as compared to non‐EZ. Conductivity also varies significantly across anatomical brain regions. Involved pathophysiological processes may include changes in the extracellular space (especially volume or tortuosity) in epileptic tissue.
Artificial intelligence‐enabled smart city management using multi‐objective optimization strategies
Authors: Pinki  , Kumar Rakesh , Vimal S. , Alghamdi Norah Saleh , Dhiman Gaurav , Pasupathi Subbulakshmi , Sood Aarna , Viriyasitavat Wattana , Sapsomboon Assadaporn , Kaur Amandeep
Published: March 2024

This article outlines an integrated strategy that combines fuzzy multi‐objective programming and a multi‐criteria decision‐making framework to achieve a number of transportation system management‐related objectives. To rank fleet cars using various criteria enhancement, the Fuzzy technique for order of preference by resemblance to optimum solution are initially integrated. We then offer a novel Multi‐Objective Possibilistic Linear Programming (MOPLP) model, based on the rankings of the vehicles, to determine the number of vehicles chosen for the work while taking into consideration the constraints placed on them. The search for optimal solutions to MOPs has benefited from the decades‐long development of classical optimisation techniques. As a result of its potential for use in the real world, multi‐objective optimisation (MOO) under uncertainty has gained traction in recent years. Recently, fuzzy set theory has been used to solve challenges in multi‐objective linear programming. In this paper, we present a method for solving MOPs that makes use of both linear and non‐linear membership functions to maximize user happiness. A hypothetical case study of transportation issue is taken here. This innovative approach improves management for the betterment of transportation networks in smart cities. The method is a more robust and versatile approach to the complex difficulties of contemporary urban transportation because it incorporates the TOPSIS method for vehicle ranking and then using Distance Operator and variable Membership Functions in fuzzy goal programming operation on the selected vehicles. The results provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of each technique, facilitating informed decision‐making in real‐world optimization scenarios.
Evaluation of the full set of habitat suitability models for vulnerable marine ecosystem indicator taxa in the South Pacific high seas
Authors: Bennion Matthew , Anderson Owen F. , Rowden Ashley A. , Bowden David A. , Geange Shane W. , Stephenson Fabrice
Published: March 2024

In the high seas, regional fishery management organisations are required to implement measures to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). Our objectives were to develop habitat suitability models for use in the spatial management of bottom fisheries in the South Pacific and to evaluate these and existing models using independent data from high‐quality seafloor imagery. Presence‐only models for seven VME indictor taxa were developed to complement previous modelling. Evaluation of habitat suitability models using withheld data indicated high mean True Skill Statistic scores of 0.44–0.64. Most habitat suitability models performed adequately when assessed with independent data on taxon presence and absence but were poor surrogates for abundance. We therefore advocate caution when using presence‐only models for spatial management and call for more systematically collected data to develop abundance models.
Trophic impact of an invasive mysid shrimp depends on zooplankton community composition: A mesocosm experiment
Authors: Patonai Katalin , Endrédi Anett , Horváth Zsófia , Borza Péter , Pálffy Károly , Dobosy Péter , Vad Csaba F.
Published: March 2024

Invasive species are a major threat to the structure and functioning of freshwater ecosystems, yet their functional roles in the invaded habitats are often poorly understood, especially in omnivores. Their impact on the invaded ecosystems may be strongly dependent on local species composition, but so far there is little evidence to support this.

We ran a mesocosm experiment to test whether the top‐down effect of the widespread omnivorous mysid shrimp of Ponto‐Caspian origin, Limnomysis benedeni, is the function of community composition of the invaded community. Zooplankton communities with different initial composition, dominated by either Cladocera or Copepoda, were crossed with the presence/absence of L. benedeni.

We found that the effect of L. benedeni depended on community composition by suppressing zooplankton biomass only in communities dominated by Cladocera. This is presumably related to the differences in predator avoidance abilities, specifically that the dominant Daphnia species were less efficient in escaping predation by L. benedeni compared to Copepoda. While the elimination of such large planktonic grazers may cascade down to the level of primary producers, we did not find clear evidence for this, as phytoplankton biomass was mostly unaffected during the 2‐week experimental duration.

Based on our results, we urge further proof‐of‐principle experiments coupled with field observations to be able to better predict the effects of invaders on different local communities.
Finding balance: Tree‐ring isotopes differentiate between acclimation and stress‐induced imbalance in a long‐term irrigation experiment
Authors: Vitali Valentina , Schuler Philipp , Holloway‐Phillips Meisha , D'Odorico Petra , Guidi Claudia , Klesse Stefan , Lehmann Marco M. , Meusburger Katrin , Schaub Marcus , Zweifel Roman , Gessler Arthur , Saurer Matthias
Published: March 2024

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a common European tree species, and understanding its acclimation to the rapidly changing climate through physiological, biochemical or structural adjustments is vital for predicting future growth. We investigated a long‐term irrigation experiment at a naturally dry forest in Switzerland, comparing Scots pine trees that have been continuously irrigated for 17 years (irrigated) with those for which irrigation was interrupted after 10 years (stop) and non‐irrigated trees (control), using tree growth, xylogenesis, wood anatomy, and carbon, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope measurements in the water, sugars and cellulose of plant tissues. The dendrochronological analyses highlighted three distinct acclimation phases to the treatments: irrigated trees experienced (i) a significant growth increase in the first 4 years of treatment, (ii) high growth rates but with a declining trend in the following 8 years and finally (iii) a regression to pre‐irrigation growth rates, suggesting the development of a new growth limitation (i.e. acclimation). The introduction of the stop treatment resulted in further growth reductions to below‐control levels during the third phase. Irrigated trees showed longer growth periods and lower tree‐ring δ13C values, reflecting lower stomatal restrictions than control trees. Their strong tree‐ring δ18O and δ2H (O–H) relationship reflected the hydrological signature similarly to the control. On the contrary, the stop trees had lower growth rates, conservative wood anatomical traits, and a weak O–H relationship, indicating a physiological imbalance. Tree vitality (identified by crown transparency) significantly modulated growth, wood anatomical traits and tree‐ring δ13C, with low‐vitality trees of all treatments performing similarly regardless of water availability. We thus provide quantitative indicators for assessing physiological imbalance and tree acclimation after environmental stresses. We also show that tree vitality is crucial in shaping such responses. These findings are fundamental for the early assessment of ecosystem imbalances and decline under climate change.
Chromite Reference Materials and Matrix Effects in SIMS Oxygen Isotope Measurements
Authors: Pan Qi‐Qi , Wang Jing , Xiao Yan , Fu Bin , Bai Yang , Williams Ian S. , Su Ben‐Xun
Published: March 2024

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements of δ18O in nine chromite (Mg, Fe)(Al, Cr, Fe)2O4 samples (Cr# = 0.58–0.79, Mg# = 0.39–0.72) from chromitites and harzburgite have confirmed their intra‐ and inter‐grain isotopic homogeneity, making them suitable reference materials for in situ analysis. The SIMS measurements of the oxygen isotopic composition of these chromites exhibit a range of instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) as a function of the end‐member compositions of the chromite, particularly the magnetite (FeOFe2O3) and spinel (MgAl2O4) components. Functional relationships have been developed to correct for IMF over the compositional range XMag = 0.01 to 0.05, and XSpl = 0.14 to 0.22. We conclude that, to be accurate, SIMS measurements of δ18O must be combined with electron probe microanalyses of the individual analysed spots.
Continuum of care to advance women as leaders in male‐dominated industries
Authors: O’Brien Wendy , Hanlon Clare , Apostolopoulos Vasso
Published: March 2024

Women who enter professions that have previously been male‐dominated often struggle to rise through ranks to leadership positions. Herein, we present the findings of a 12‐month cross‐sector intervention focused on embedding practices into organizations to create an inclusive organizational environment that fostered the development of women leaders. The intervention focused on three male‐dominated sectors, sport, surgery and trades. Managing the intervention was an Advisory Group that comprised researchers, and leaders from a national member Association and Organization within each sector. The Advisory Group's goal was to provide support and guidance to assist Organizations with the task of changing and challenging their values toward a feminist orientation. Post‐intervention interviews were conducted with women leaders and Advisory Group Members, to examine how Organizations can build their capacity to embed practices and policies to encourage women as leaders. Extending on a conceptualization of continuum of care across three focus areas we discuss how capabilities were affirmed through visible and accessible career pathways; the empowering potential of mentoring and networking; and creating cultures of belonging through addressing unconscious bias.
Understanding the quality‐of‐life experiences of older or frail adults following a new dens fracture: Nonsurgical management in a hard collar versus early removal of collar
Authors: Closs Mia , Brennan Paul , Niven Angela , Shenkin Susan , Eborall Helen , Lawton Julia
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In the United Kingdom, fractures of the cervical dens process in older and/or frail patients are usually managed nonsurgically in a hard collar. However, hard collars can lead to complications and this management approach is now being questioned, with growing interest in maximising patients' short‐term quality‐of‐life. It is vital that patients' perspectives are considered; yet, there is a dearth of literature examining the aspect. To help inform wider decision‐making about use of collar/no collar management of dens fractures in older/frail people, we explored older/frail people's experience of the two management approaches and how they affected their perceived quality‐of‐life.

Methods

We interviewed older and/or frail adults with a recent dens fracture (aged ≥65 years or with a clinical frailty score of ≥5) or their caregiver. Participants were recruited from both arms of a clinical trial comparing management using a hard collar for 12 weeks (SM) with early removal of the collar (ERC) and were interviewed following randomisation and again, 12–16 weeks later. Data were analysed using a framework approach.

Results

Both participant groups (SM/ERC) reported substantial, negative quality‐of‐life (QoL) experiences, with the fall itself and lack of access to care services and information being frequent major contributory factors. Many negative experiences cut across both participant groups, including pain, fatigue, diminished autonomy and reduced involvement in personally meaningful activities. However, we identified some subtle, yet discernible, ways in which using SM/ERC reinforced or alleviated (negative) QoL impacts, with the perceived benefits/burdens to using SM/ERC varying between different individuals.

Conclusion

Study findings can be used to support informed decision‐making about SM/ERC management of dens fractures in older/frail patients.

Patient or Public Contribution

Public and patient involvement contributors were involved in the study design, development of interview topic guides and interpretation of study findings.
The impact of bone grafting with/without barrier membrane placement on the outcome of apical surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Flynn Richard , Foschi Federico , Maloney Brian , Creavin Greg , Duncan Henry F.
Published: March 2024

Background

Regenerative techniques are increasingly being advocated in endodontic apical surgery (AS) to enhance the healing of periapical lesions. Various grafting and membrane materials are employed as adjuncts to modern AS.

Objectives

This systematic review aimed to answer the following PICO question: In patients with apical periodontitis (P) what is the impact of bone grafting with/without barrier membrane materials (I) compared with surgery without grafting materials (C) on the outcome of AS evaluated clinically and radiographically (O).

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in four databases (Embase, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) until 1 August 2023. Google Scholar was also manually searched. Studies with a prospective randomized design were included. Cochrane risk‐of‐bias (RoB) tool 2.0 assessed bias. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and appraisal of studies. Meta‐analysis was performed using R3.5.1 software.

Results

From the identified 2582 studies, eight randomized clinical trials were included for meta‐analysis. Two studies had low RoB, while six had some concerns. Analysis revealed significantly better outcomes when surgery involved bone regeneration techniques than conventional surgery (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.32–4.31, p = .004). Subgroup analyses on individual grafts (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: −0.99 to 1.44, p = .720) (OR = −0.09, 95% CI: −1.42 to 1.23, p = .885) and membranes (OR = −1.09, 95% CI: −2.94 to 0.76, p = .247) and their combinations (OR = 0.03, 95% CI: −1.50 to 1.55, p = .970) did not yield any significant results. The type of membrane used did not significantly impact the outcome (OR = −1.09, 95% CI: −2.94 to 0.76, p = .247) nor did altering the combination of graft/membrane.

Discussion

This systematic review examined the effects of bone grafting with/without membrane placement on the outcome of AS. It highlights the potential advantages of regenerative techniques and the need for further research in this area.

Conclusions

Based on current evidence, bone grafting with/without barrier membrane placement significantly improves healing after AS. Subgroup analysis of resorbable membranes or grafting did not significantly influence the outcome. The combination of membrane and graft was also not significant. Future well‐designed, randomized controlled trials in this area are essential before these materials can be recommended for routine use to enhance healing outcomes in AS.

Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42021255171).
Exploring the difference: Immigrant peers and the imagination of natives
Authors: Alanis‐Amaya Ana , Vargas‐Silva Carlos
Published: March 2024

Using data for the United States, we explore how interactions with immigrants during school age affect imagination during adulthood for native children. The analysis uses The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health survey and focuses on the impact of differences in the number of immigrants across cohorts within schools. Results suggest that exposure to immigrant classmates has positive effects on the long‐term imagination of natives. Increasing the number of immigrants in the grade by 20 students, would increase the likelihood of reporting a high level of imagination during adulthood by three percentage points. We suggest that the effect is not coming via direct friendship with immigrant students, but through increasing exposure to diverse ideas and experiences.
Scopes of practice for advanced practice nursing and advanced practice midwifery in Kenya: A gap analysis
Authors: Ndirangu‐Mugo Eunice , Kimani Rachel Wangari , Onyancha Catherine , Mutwiri Benard Daniel , May Beatrice , Kambo Isabel , Tallam Edna , Koech Nicholas , Mukuna Ann , Henderson Colette , Shumba Constance Sibongile
Published: March 2024

Background

There is increasing global evidence on the impact of advanced nursing and midwifery practitioners, and Kenya's healthcare system has an excellent opportunity to develop scopes of practice and other regulatory frameworks for the integration of these roles.

Objective

The primary purpose of this gap analysis was to explore the existing evidence on opportunities and threats toward the integration of the advanced practice nursing (APN) and advanced practice midwifery (APM) roles in Kenya's healthcare system.

Methods

The study team conducted a structured electronic database search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete, and PsycINFO to retrieve articles and credible websites for reports highlighting the opportunities and threats toward the integration of the APN and APM roles in Kenya's healthcare systems. The retrieved articles were screened for relevance and synthesized for reporting using the traditional literature review approach.

Results

The Kenya Health Policy Framework 2014–2030, growing population needs, and implementation of universal health coverage provide an opportunity to harness and leverage advanced practice roles in nursing and midwifery. There is also momentum to develop advanced practice because of strategic alliances and global evidence showing the contributions and quality of services offered by advanced practice nurses and advanced practice midwives. However, lack of financial support, structural challenges, and lack of national policies, regulations, and legislation continue to obstruct progress.

Conclusion and implications for nursing policy

Developing scopes of practice for APN and APM in Kenya will benefit the professions, the country's healthcare delivery system, and the population. Achieving universal health coverage depends on a health workforce trained and practicing at optimal levels in tandem with education and training to deliver quality care.
Employment strategies in response to the first Covid lockdown: A typology of French workplaces
Authors: Askenazy Philippe , Brébion Clément , Courtioux Pierre , Erhel Christine , Mofakhami Malo
Published: March 2024

This research connects the literature on crisis management and on firm flexibility to investigate human resource (HR) strategies in response to unexpected crises such as the Covid‐19 pandemic. Leveraging data from French workplaces we identify five main types of strategies implemented during the first lockdown, which go beyond the massive use of teleworking or the use of short‐time work. The analysis demonstrates that a combination of preexisting HR practices (teleworking agreements, wage levels, risk exposure, and health and safety committees) and public policies (short‐time programs, legislation on short‐time contracts, and temps) influences which of these five strategies firms adopt.
Exploring how mumpreneurs use digital platforms' algorithms and mechanisms to generate different types of value
Authors: Ameen Nisreen , Hoelscher Vera , Panteli Niki
Published: March 2024

This study explores how digital platforms generate economic and non‐economic value for a specific group of users: mumpreneurs. We collected qualitative data from 26 mumpreneurs in the United Kingdom who have caring responsibilities for young children and are running a business on the community‐based platform Instagram. We found that through using Instagram and its algorithms, mumpreneurs can create various types of value in this context. Drawing on previous research into value creation, we make several contributions to the information systems literature. First, we unpack and explain alternative forms of value generated by digital platforms. Our findings show that through community‐based platforms such as Instagram, mumpreneurs can create various types of economic and non‐economic value—engagement, cognitive, economic, and self‐preservation value—that is consistent with their business, social, and personal needs. Second, we propose a process model of value creation; and we identify two mechanisms that lead to value creation through Instagram's algorithms: recommended connectivity and adaptability. Third, we identify a temporal dimension of value creation through Instagram. This article contributes to the theory in the growing body of literature on value creation linked to digital platforms and explains several implications for theory and practice.
Calibration areas in ecological niche and species distribution modelling: Unravelling approaches and concepts
Authors: Rojas‐Soto Octavio , Forero‐Rodríguez Juan S. , Galindo‐Cruz Alejandra , Mota‐Vargas Claudio , Parra‐Henao Keisy D. , Peña‐Peniche Alexander , Piña‐Torres Javier , Rojas‐Herrera Karen , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Juan D. , Toro‐Cardona Felipe A. , Trinidad‐Domínguez Carlos D.
Published: March 2024

Aim

The calibration area (CA) corresponds to the geographic region used by different algorithms that estimate the species' environmental preferences and delimit its geographic distribution. This study intended to identify, test and compare current literature's most commonly employed approaches and methods for CA creation, highlighting the differences with the accessible area (M), a frequently misapplied concept.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Methods

We conducted a literature review and analysed 129 recent articles on species distribution that use correlative models to identify the methods used to establish the CA and their frequency. We also evaluated seven of the most widely used methods for 31 species from different taxa.

Results

We found that the most frequently used methods in literature corresponded to biogeographic entities (BE). Moreover, according to our evaluation, those methods that seek to establish the CA through the accessible area approach (including BE and ‘grinnell’) were the best evaluated. Finally, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the analysed methods in selecting CA.

Main Conclusions

Although we cannot fail to recognize the usefulness and validity of the different methods to establish CAs, we suggest calibrating ecological niche and species distribution models in light of explicit a priori hypotheses regarding the extent of accessible areas (M) as a delimitation of the CA, which theoretically includes the species' dispersal ability and its barriers. We recommend using the BE method, which is simple to establish and highly operational.
Adherence to antihypertensives in the United States: A comparative meta‐analysis of 23 million patients
Authors: Dean Yomna E. , Motawea Karam R. , Shebl Mohamed A. , Elawady Sameh Samir , Nuhu Kaamel , Abuzuaiter Basel , Awayda Karen , Fouad Ahmed Mahmoud , Tanas Yousef , Batista Raquel , Elsayed Ahmed , Hassan Noheir A. I. F , El‐Sakka Amro A. , Hasan Walaa , Husain Raabia , Lois Amanda , Arora Aryan , Arora Abhinav , Ayad Elyas , Elbahaie Mohamed A. , Shah Jaffer , Shady Amr , Chaudhuri Debanik , Aiash Hani
Published: March 2024

Adherence to antihypertensives is crucial for control of blood pressure. This study analyzed factors and interventions that could affect adherence to antihypertensives in the US. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched on January 21, 2022 and December 25, 2023 for studies on the adherence to antihypertensives in the US. Nineteen studies and 23 545 747 patients were included in the analysis, which showed that adherence to antihypertensives was the highest among Whites (OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.34–1.61 compared to African Americans). Employment status and sex were associated with insignificant differences in adherence rates. In contrast, marital status yielded a significant difference where unmarried patients demonstrated low adherence rates compared to married ones (OR: 0.8, 95% CI 0.67–0.95). On analysis of comorbidities, diabetic patients reported lower adherence to antihypertensives (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97); furthermore, patients who did not have Alzheimer showed higher adherence rates. Different BMIs did not significantly affect the adherence rates. Patients without insurance reported significantly lower adherence rates than insured patients (OR: 3.93, 95% CI 3.43–4.51). Polypill users had higher adherence rates compared with the free‐dose combination (OR: 1.21, 95% CI 1.2–1.21), while telepharmacy did not prove to be as effective. Lower adherence rates were seen among African Americans, uninsured, or younger patients. Accordingly, interventions such as fixed‐dose combinations should be targeted at susceptible groups. Obesity and overweight did not affect the adherence to antihypertensives.
Adding to the neuroimmune network model: A commentary on Nusslock et al. (2024)
Authors: Heller Aaron S.
Published: March 2024

Work by many groups demonstrate links between peripheral markers of inflammation and symptoms of depression. Here, Nusslock and colleagues present an update to their neuroimmune network model to incorporate a developmental lens. They propose that specific neural circuits may be responsible for causing heightened inflammation. One principal circuit includes the amygdala and prefrontal cortex and is proposed to be involved in threat detection. Thus, heightened threat sensitivity resulting from early life stress is suggested to cause increases in inflammatory signaling. Second, the authors suggest that reward circuits, including the striatum, may be targets of increased inflammation leading to symptoms of anhedonia. In this commentary, I add context to the model proposed by Nusslock et al., suggesting that taking a learning perspective and considering additional circuits, including the hippocampus and midline structures may be necessary to more fully account for the phenomena described by the authors.
A Bayesian Moderated Nonlinear Factor Analysis Approach for DIF Detection under Violation of the Equal Variance Assumption
Authors: Lee Sooyong , Han Suhwa , Choi Seung W.
Published: March 2024

Research has shown that multiple‐indicator multiple‐cause (MIMIC) models can result in inflated Type I error rates in detecting differential item functioning (DIF) when the assumption of equal latent variance is violated. This study explains how the violation of the equal variance assumption adversely impacts the detection of nonuniform DIF and how it can be addressed through moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) model via Bayesian estimation approach to overcome limitations from the restrictive assumption. The Bayesian MNLFA approach suggested in this study better control Type I errors by freely estimating latent factor variances across different groups. Our experimentation with simulated data demonstrates that the BMNFA models outperform the existing MIMIC models, in terms of Type I error control as well as parameter recovery. The results suggest that the MNLFA models have the potential to be a superior choice to the existing MIMIC models, especially in situations where the assumption of equal latent variance assumption is not likely to hold.
Structural and ultrastructural aspects of the skin of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea
Authors: Shi Chenchen , Chen Shi Xi
Published: March 2024

The skin color of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is a crucial indicator to determine its economic value. However, the location of pigment cells in the skin structure is uncertain. To determine the pigment cell type in the skin, the vertical order and ultrastructure of pigment cells were examined using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Both dorsal and ventral skins comprise the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Xanthophores, melanophores, and iridophores were observed in the dermis of the dorsal skin, whereas the latter two were in the dermis of the ventral skin. Interestingly, the size of xanthophores in the dorsal skin was significantly smaller than that of xanthophores in the ventral skin; however, the density of dorsal xanthophores was significantly higher than that of ventral xanthophores. The type L‐iridophores with large crystalline structures were observed in the uppermost area of the upper pigment layer, which contributed to the strikingly metallic luster shown by the ventral skin. The melanophores were exclusively found in the dorsal skin, offering the purpose of camouflage. Taken together, our results indicated that the pigment cells display different arrangement patterns between dorsal and ventral skin, and the golden color in the ventral skin results from the coexistence of light‐reflecting iridophores and light‐absorbing xanthophores.
Does phenology influence predation rate on Salmo trutta parr during lake migration?
Authors: Kennedy Richard J. , Barry James , Boyd Adele , Allen Michelle
Published: March 2024

Acoustic tags fitted with predation sensors, which trigger following ingestion by piscivorous predators, were used to compare direct predation rates during downstream migration (out‐migration) of potamodromous (freshwater) brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) parr from their natal river into a large freshwater lake system during spring and autumn. Thirty‐eight spring migrants were tagged across two study years (2021 and 2022) of which 13 individuals (34%) were predated. By contrast 40 autumn migrants were tagged (2020 and 2021) of which three individuals (7.5%) experienced predation. The overall predation loss rate for spring migrants was 0.342% day−1 and was 0.075% day−1 for autumn migrants. Most predation events during spring (77%) occurred within the lower river before tagged fish entered the lake, whilst no predation events were recorded within the river in the autumn. Predation events were significantly linked to tagging season (spring or autumn), with the probability of tags remaining untriggered (as a proxy for survival) being higher 93% (95% confidence interval [CI] [87%, 100%]) in autumn than in spring 66% (95% CI [53%, 83%]). The spring migration periods showed significantly lower river discharge (0.321 m3/s mean daily discharge, April 1 to May 31) to those measured during autumn (1.056 m3/s mean daily discharge, October 1 to November 30) (Mann–Whitney U‐test, U = 1149, p < 0.001). Lower flows, clearer water, and longer sojourn in the river may have contributed to greater predation losses in the spring relative to the autumn.
Detection of rice (with husk) moisture content based on hyperspectral imaging technology combined with MSLPP–ESMA–SVR model
Authors: Zhong Yuhao , Sun Jun , Yao Kunshan , Cheng Jiehong , Du Xiaojiao
Published: March 2024

Moisture content detection has guiding significance for the storage and quality detection of rice. To detect moisture content rapidly and non‐destructively, hyperspectral imaging technology (400‐1000 nm) was employed to analyze rice with different moisture content, and Savitzky–Golay mixed standard normalized variable algorithm (SG‐SNV) was used for spectral data pretreatment. Furthermore, a modified supervised locality preserving projections (MSLPP) method was proposed to extract spectral features. The modeling results showed that MSLPP had better spectral feature extraction performance. Finally, to improve prediction accuracy, the equilibrium slime mold algorithm (ESMA) was introduced to obtain the optimal parameters (c, g) of the support vector regression (SVR) model. And MSLPP–ESMA–SVR model had higher prediction accuracy and stronger robustness, with R2p reaching 0.9755 and root mean square error of prediction reaching 0.8597%. Therefore, hyperspectral imaging technology combined with MSLPP–ESMA–SVR model is feasible to detect rice moisture content.