bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic approach to the recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection at the cricothyroid junction
Authors: Butskiy Oleksandr , Chang Brent A. , Luu Kimberly , McKenzie Robert M. , Anderson Donald W.
Published: September 2018

Background

To describe and evaluate a four step systematic approach to dissecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) starting at the cricothyroid junction during thyroid surgery (subsequently referred to as the retrograde medial approach).

Methods

All thyroidectomies completed by the senior author between August 2014 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded if concurrent lateral or central neck dissection was performed. A follow up period of 1 year was included.

Results

Surgical photographs and illustrations demonstrate the four steps in the retrograde medial approach to dissection of the RLN in thyroid surgery. Three hundred forty-two consecutive thyroid surgeries were performed in 17 months, including 213 hemithyroidectomies, 91 total thyroidectomies, and 38 completion thyroidectomies. The rate of temporary and permanent hypocalcemia was 13% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8–20%) and 3% (95% CI: 1–8%) respectively. The rate of temporary and permanent vocal cord palsy was 9% (95% CI: 6–12%) and 0.3% (95%CI: 0.01–2%) respectively. The median surgical times for hemithyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy, and completion thyroidectomy were 39 min (Interquartile range [IQR]: 33–47 min), 48 min (IQR: 40–60 min), and 40 min (IQR: 35–51 min) respectively. 1% of cases required conversion to an alternative surgical approach.

Conclusion

In a tertiary endocrine head and neck practice, the routine use of the retrograde medial approach to RLN dissection is safe and results in a short operative time, and a low conversion rate to other RLN dissection approaches.
Tardive dyskinesia update: the syndrome
Authors: Owens David Cunningham
Published: September 2018

Tardive dyskinesia is a common iatrogenic neurological and neurobehavioural syndrome associated with the use of antidopaminergic medication, especially antipsychotics. Prior to the introduction of the newer antipsychotics in the 1990s, it was one of the major areas of psychiatric research but interest waned as the new drugs were reputed to have a reduced liability to extrapyramidal adverse effects in general, a claim now discredited by numerous pragmatic research studies. Early small-scale short-term prevalence studies were presented as evidence to support the assumption that patients on the newer drugs did indeed have a lower prevalence of tardive dyskinesia but recent large-scale review of studies with patients exposed for longer suggest that things have not changed. This article presents a clinical overview of a complex and varied syndrome in terms of its phenomenology, epidemiology and risk factors; a companion article will consider treatment. This overview aims to highlight tardive dyskinesia once again, especially to practitioners who have trained in an environment where this was considered mainly in historical terms.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•

Understand the complex phenomenology comprising the syndrome of tardive dyskinesia

•

Appreciate recent data on prevalence and incidence with the newer antipsychotics

•

Be aware of risk factors when recommending antipsychotic (and other antidopaminergic) drugs

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
The regulation of cilium assembly and disassembly in development and disease
Authors: Wang Lei , Dynlacht Brian D.
Published: September 2018

The primary cilium is an antenna-like organelle assembled on most types of quiescent and differentiated mammalian cells. This immotile structure is essential for interpreting extracellular signals that regulate growth, development and homeostasis. As such, ciliary defects produce a spectrum of human diseases, termed ciliopathies, and deregulation of this important organelle also plays key roles during tumor formation and progression. Recent studies have begun to clarify the key mechanisms that regulate ciliary assembly and disassembly in both normal and tumor cells, highlighting new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review these exciting new findings, discussing the molecular factors involved in cilium formation and removal, the intrinsic and extrinsic control of cilium assembly and disassembly, and the relevance of these processes to mammalian cell growth and disease.
Ultrasound avoidance by flying antlions (Myrmeleontidae)
Authors: Holderied Marc W. , Thomas Liam A. , Korine Carmi
Published: September 2018

The acoustic arms race between insectivorous bats and their invertebrate prey has led to the convergent evolution of ultrasound hearing in seven orders of nocturnal insects. Upon hearing the echolocation calls of an approaching bat such insects take defensive action. Here we document an unknown sense of ultrasound hearing and phonotactic flight behaviour in the neuropteran family Myrmeleontidae (antlions). The antlion Myrmeleon hyalinus was presented with sound pulses at ultrasonic frequencies used by echolocating bats and its response thresholds in tethered flight determined. Behaviours included abdominal twitches, wing-flicks, brief pauses in flight and flight cessation. Such behaviours create erratic evasive flight manoeuvres in other eared insects, particularly mantids and lacewings. Antlions responded best to ultrasound between 60-80 kHz (75 dB peSPL at 80 kHz) showing response thresholds similar to the related lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). Yet at lower ultrasonic frequencies (20-50 kHz) antlions were far less sensitive than lacewings. Based on calculated response distances we conclude that antlions respond only after having been detected by bats rather than using early evasive flights. We argue that the high response threshold for low frequency ultrasound is adaptive for an insect that is mainly active close to and within vegetation, because a behavioural response to the lower ultrasonic frequencies used by high-flying bats would result in evasive action in the absence of actual predation risk.
Regulatory network characterization in development: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Peng Guangdun , Han Jing-Dong J.
Published: September 2018

Embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, during which coordinated cell fate specification takes place in a spatial and temporal context, serve as a paradigm for studying the orderly assembly of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and the fundamental mechanism of GRNs in driving lineage determination. However, knowledge of reliable GRN annotation for dynamic development regulation, particularly for unveiling the complex temporal and spatial architecture of tissue stem cells, remains inadequate. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing technology, elucidating GRNs in development and stem cell processes poses both new challenges and unprecedented opportunities. This review takes a snapshot of some of this work and its implication in the regulative nature of early mammalian development and specification of the distinct cell types during embryogenesis.
Biomimetic remineralization of acid etched enamel using agarose hydrogel model
Authors: El Moshy Sara , Abbass Marwa M.S. , El-Motayam Amal M.
Published: September 2018

Background: Minimally invasive dentistry aims to prevent progression of caries and treats non-cavitated lesions through non-invasive approaches to preserve the integrity of tooth structure. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible biomimetic effect of agarose hydrogel in remineralizing a human demineralized enamel model.

Methods: Mandibular third molars were distributed into three groups (G1, G2 and G3) according to the follow up time (2, 4 and 6 days respectively). Caries like lesion was prepared by applying 37% phosphoric acid gel for 1 minute and then remineralization was performed through applying agarose hydrogel on the demineralized surfaces. The specimens were placed in phosphate solution at 37˚C for 2, 4 & 6 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface microhardness (SMH) and surface roughness analysis (SR) were performed to assess the regenerated tissue.

Results: SEM revealed mineral depositions on the demineralized enamel surface that increased in density by time resulting in a relatively smooth surface in G3. SR and SMH analysis revealed significant differences between the remineralized enamel surfaces of different groups (p< 0.00001) with the highest SR in G1 and the highest SMH in G3.

Conclusions: Agarose hydrogel application is a promising approach to treat early carious lesion. Further studies are needed to clarify the stability of agarose hydrogels in clinical application.
Chemical crosslinking analysis of β-dystroglycan in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle
Authors: Murphy Sandra , Zweyer Margit , Mundegar Rustam R. , Swandulla Dieter , Ohlendieck Kay
Published: September 2018

Background: In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, primary abnormalities in the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin trigger the loss of sarcolemmal linkage between the extracellular matrix component laminin-211 and the intracellular cortical actin membrane cytoskeleton. The disintegration of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex renders the plasma membrane of contractile fibres more susceptible to micro-rupturing, which is associated with abnormal calcium handling and impaired cellular signalling in dystrophinopathy.

Methods: The oligomerisation pattern of β-dystroglycan, an integral membrane protein belonging to the core dystrophin complex, was studied using immunoprecipitation and chemical crosslinking analysis. A homo-bifunctional and non-cleavable agent with water-soluble and amine-reactive properties was employed to study protein oligomerisation in normal versus dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscles. Crosslinker-induced protein oligomerisation was determined by a combination of gel-shift analysis and immunoblotting.

Results: Although proteomics was successfully applied for the identification of dystroglycan as a key component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex in the muscle membrane fraction, mass spectrometric analysis did not efficiently recognize this relatively low-abundance protein after immunoprecipitation or chemical crosslinking. As an alternative approach, comparative immunoblotting was used to evaluate the effects of chemical crosslinking. Antibody decoration of the crosslinked microsomal protein fraction from wild type versus the mdx-4cv mouse model of dystrophinopathy revealed oligomers that contain β-dystroglycan. The protein exhibited a comparable reduction in gel electrophoretic mobility in both normal and dystrophic samples. The membrane repair proteins dysferlin and myoferlin, which are essential components of fibre regeneration, as well as the caveolae-associated protein cavin-1, were also shown to exist in high-molecular mass complexes.

Conclusions: The muscular dystrophy-related reduction in the concentration of β-dystroglycan, which forms in conjunction with its extracellular binding partner α-dystroglycan a critical plasmalemmal receptor for laminin-211, does not appear to alter its oligomeric status. Thus, independent of direct interactions with dystrophin, this sarcolemmal glycoprotein appears to exist in a supramolecular assembly in muscle.
Characteristics of the Poreyonymes in the Onymic Sector of Ufa’s Urban Space
Authors: Салихова Эльвина , Salikhova Elvina , Дильмухаметова Лейсан , Yarmukhametova Leysan
Published: September 2018

The study of the speech of the modern city life with the use of different approaches and methods – socio- and psycholinguistic methods, traditional structural and functional characteristics of the speech situation “Transport” and its components make it possible to describe the ethno-social “portraits” of participants in the designated area, provides researchers with a vast field for the study of specific speech behavior of people in the capital, serving in various roles (passenger or driver and not only public but also private vehicles, car owners, the original name is their property). In Ufa language landscape official and unofficial nominations coexist, poreyonums (the name of public transport modes) are among them and the interest to which is determined by their place, role and functions in toponymical sphere of Ufa language landscape. Existing in language area of RB cities unofficial names are formed both from the names of foreign and domestic automobile makes, and moreover the main ways of forming aliases are the same in both cases and are typical for speaking sphere. Vernacular words, units of youth slang and thieves’ argot are actively used when naming. The main tendencies of the existence of automobile unofficial names are inherent to all Russia cities.
Trabalho, Carreira e Maternidade: Perspectivas e Dilemas de Mulheres Profissionais Contemporâneas
Authors: Almeida Viviane Cordeiro de , Mota-Santos Carolina Maria
Published: September 2018

O caso apresenta a trajetória de vida e carreira da executiva Marrie Ometto e traça um panorama sobre as decisões em torno de questões como carreira e maternidade. Nesse caso, Marrie relembra o dilema vivido quando, após o nascimento da filha e, diante de vários conﬂitos interiores, ficou em dúvida se deveria abandonar a carreira. Os dados foram coletados por intermédio de duas entrevistas livres concedidas por Marrie às autoras. Outros dados que compõem a história foram encontrados não só no livro da protagonista bem como em seu blog. O caso é contado a partir do ponto de vista da personagem e propõe que os alunos analisem as decisões e dilemas enfrentados por mulheres profissionais contemporâneas para a manutenção de suas carreiras, ao mesmo tempo em que propõe uma reﬂexão a respeito dos desafios enfrentados por elas no que diz respeito à equação carreira, maternidade e qualificação profissional. O caso permite ainda formular as premissas necessárias para responder à seguinte pergunta: Por que o difícil balanço entre a vida pessoal e a carreira profissional encontra-se na raiz da insatisfação manifestada por uma grande parte de mulheres? Os resultados obtidos poderão ser discutidos em sala de aula com diversas pesquisas no campo de gestão de pessoas, os quais apontam que as mulheres se sentem mais felizes ao conseguirem equilibrar carreira e família.
Barriers to Sustainability in Management Schools: a Bourdieusian Explanation
Authors: Lessa Bruno de Souza , Spier Kelly Fabiane , Nascimento LuIs Felipe Machado do
Published: September 2018

The aim of this theoretical paper is to ascertain, through Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual apparatus, the barriers preventing eﬀective sustainability in Management Schools. In this sense, this paper argues that barriers emerge because of a dissonance between students’ habitus and sustainability principles and their related contents. Such processes would not allow them to be aware of and recognize the contents related to sustainability in the same way as those based on neoclassical economic thought, which takes root in their minds as they are constructed, produced and reproduced across the most diverse standard environments of socialization. The focus was, therefore, to explain these barriers in the light of Bourdieusian epistemology, showing the dynamics that make them appear and providing an analytical instrument to enable a better understanding of the social relations that foment them.
Health Care Providers Perception and Practice of HIV Disclosure to Sero-Positive Children and Adolescents in a Tertiary Health Facility in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: AA Okechukwu , V Kwaghe , A U Dike
Published: September 2018

Background:
Ideally, disclosure of HIV status to infected children and adolescents should involve both their health care workers and their parents/caregivers. Most studies on disclosure in children have focus mainly on parents/caregivers with little information on health care workers. We conduct this study to evaluate the practice, perception of the healthcare workers in our health facility on disclosure to infected children and adolescents. It is envisaged that such information will help in the design of better strategies on disclosure in our environment.

Methods:
A cross sectional hospital based study was conducted among health care workers at the special treatment clinic, and heart to heart unit of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from January to March 2017 for the above objective. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on disclosure among the healthcare workers, which include among others: their bio-data, knowledge, perception, and practice on disclosure in the two service areas of the hospital.

Results:
Of the 80 health care workers interviewed, 60(75.0%) were females, 11(13.8%) were doctors, 9(11.3%) nurses, 17(21.3%) monitoring/evaluation/record clerks, and 16(20.0%) either voluntary counseling and testing counselors or adherence counselors. Their mean age and duration in service in the two areas were 39.70±7.10 and 7.93±4.99 years respectively. Over half 48(60.0%) of the health care workers were unaware of the hospital having guideline on disclosure, 64(80.0%) have not been trained, and 68(85.0%) does not know any key information on disclosure. While all 80(100%) felt that disclosure was a good practice for better adherence, only 16(20.0%) had actually disclosed, with 6(37.5%) not seeking any formal permission from parent/caregivers before disclosing. Ages 8-16 years was recommended by 60(75%) as the appropriate age to disclose, however 28(35.0%) recommended age 14-16 years. Over half of the respondents 58(72.5%) admitted that disclosure should be a shared responsibility between themselves and the caregivers, most however perceive their role as only preparing the parents/caregivers for disclosure, and providing ongoing counseling to both the parents/caregivers and the children and adolescents. Lack of training on disclosure, and none availability of guideline in the health institution were major setback on the ability of the healthcare providers to fully participate in disclosure process.

Conclusion:
While healthcare providers support the idea of disclosing at mid and late adolescent, their perceived role was that of support and provision of ongoing counseling. Lack of training and none availability of disclosure guideline affects their perceived role. There is need to train and retrain healthcare workers on disclosure guideline, and making such guideline available in the health facilities.
Silver Nanoparticles: Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activity on HT-29 and A549 Cell Lines
Authors: Miri Abdolhossien , Sarani Mina
Published: September 2018

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are versatile materials with a broad range of applications in various fields such as cancer therapy, drug delivery. In this work, cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of silver nanoparticles was evaluation against lung (A549) and colon (HT-29) cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of nanoparticles was performed by MTT assay, while their apoptotic activity was tested through TUNEL method. The results of MTT of A549 have illustrate that fifty percent of cells destruction in concentrations more than 250 µg/ml of Ag-NPs. Apoptotic results of nanoparticles have shown more than fifty percent of apoptosis on A549 cell line. HT-29 display full apoptosis at concentrations more than 500 µg/ml. It seems that synthesized Ag-NPs by using P. farcta extract can be candidate as anti-cancer agent in treatment many cancers through creating or discovering new drug forms
Association between Sclerosing Cholangitis and Paget Disease: Diagnostic Difficulties
Authors: Meriam Sabbah , Norsaf Bibani , Dorra Trad , Asma Ouakaa , Héla Elloumi , Dalila Gargouri
Published: September 2018

A rare case of association between primary sclerosing cholangitis and Paget's disease emphasizing the diagnostic difficulties in front of increased alkaline phosphatase is reported. The association between sclerosing cholangitis and Paget's disease wasn’t yet described and could thus be coincidental. However, our observation underlines the benefit of dosing ALP isoenzyme to characterize the bone or hepatic origin of ALP and therefore, help to guide the diagnosis.
Chikungunya fever: rheumatological aspects
Authors: Belov В. S. , Bukhanova D. V. , Tarasova G. M.
Published: September 2018

Chikungunya fever (CF) is a feral nidal viral disease with the mechanism of transmission by Aedes mosquitoes. All increasing migration flows have carried brought the infection to new regions and, consequently, expanded the disease area, including European countries. CF is of undoubted interest for rheumatologists primarily due to the development of severe joint syndrome (arthralgia/arthritis) developing at all stages of the disease. This review gives data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of CF. It describes in detail the clinical presentations of this disease, methods for its diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as main approaches to its therapy.
Spinal pain: causes and treatment policy
Authors: Olyunin Yu. A.
Published: September 2018

Chronic pain in the spine is one of the most urgent medical problems. Clinical and instrumental studies fail to reveal that most patients with back pain have any structural changes that may contribute to its occurrence. It is considered that the pain may be caused by the strain of muscles and ligaments located in the lower back, by the overload of these segments, and by detraining. If the cause of the pain syndrome cannot be established, the pain in the spine is regarded as nonspecific. It is believed that behavioral, psychological, and social factors can play an important role in the development of pain. Therefore, current guidelines propose to apply a biopsychosocial approach in patients with back pain. At the same time, much attention is paid to patient self-treatment, exercise therapy, psychotherapy, and some other auxiliary methods. When nonpharmacological interventions are insufficiently effective, drug therapy is indicated. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol, opioid analgesics, and muscle relaxants are used to treat nonspecific spinal pain. Pharmacotherapy is usually initiated with the use of NSAIDs. They can effectively relieve pain sndrome, but the possibilities of their use in a large proportion of patients are significantly limited due to adverse reactions (ARs). Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular ARs most commonly occur. The likelihood of ARs can be substantially reduced by the use of aceclofenac (AirtalR) that is characterized by a favorable gastrointestinal and cardiovascular safety profile. Paracetamol, opioid analgesics, and muscle relaxants are also used in the combination treatment of these patients.
The Determinants and Impact of Mandatory Disclosure In Indonesian Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Istiningrum Andian Ari , Muhtadi Muhammad Zaky Za'im
Published: September 2018

The primary objective of this research is to determine the factors that have an association with mandatory disclosure and stock return. This research investigated 47 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012. Mandatory disclosure in this research used items required to be disclosed under IAS 16 and IAS 17. The data analysis used the path analysis by setting two structural equation models. The Sobel Test was used to determine whether mandatory disclosure functions as a mediator. The research proved a significantly positive association of company age with the mandatory disclosure in contrast to company size and company profitability. This implies that the investors are able to find complete and transparent information in the financial statement of mature manufacturing companies.Â  Moreover, company size, company profitability, and mandatory disclosure have a significant positive association with stock return. This implies that it is necessary for the companies to disclose information as required by the accounting standard in Indonesia and the investors may recognize the big and the high profitability manufacturing companies as the places to invest. However, mandatory disclosure does not function as a mediator between company size, company age, company profitability and stock return.
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Facilitates Shrub Establishment in Northern Alaska
Authors: Dwight Rosemary A. , Cairns David M.
Published: September 2018

The Arctic tundra is undergoing many environmental changes in addition to increasing temperatures: these changes include permafrost degradation and increased shrubification. Disturbances related to infrastructure can also lead to similar environmental changes. The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is an example of infrastructure that has made a major imprint on the Alaskan landscape. This paper assesses changes in shrub presence along the northernmost 255 km of the TAPS. We used historical satellite imagery from before construction of the TAPS in 1974 and contemporary satellite imagery from 2010 to 2016 to examine changes in shrub presence over time. We found a 51.8% increase in shrub presence adjacent to the pipeline compared to 2.6% in control areas. Additionally, shrub presence has increased significantly more in areas where the pipeline is buried, indicating that the disturbances linked to pipeline burial have likely created favorable conditions for shrub colonization. These results are important for predicting potential responses of tundra vegetation to disturbance, which will be crucial to forecasting the future of Arctic tundra vegetation.
Arctic Sea Routes: Potential New Pathways for Nonindigenous Species Spread + Supplementary Appendix 1 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Nong Duy , Countryman Amanda M. , Warziniack Travis , Grey Erin K.
Published: September 2018

This paper evaluates the potential effects of future commercial shipping through the Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage on the spread of nonindigenous species (NIS) between Europe, the United States, and the Asia-Pacific region. We modeled NIS spread risk as a function of two factors: NIS introduction and NIS establishment. The change in risk of NIS introduction from one region to another is based on the expected commodity trade flow between the two regions given Arctic shipping routes. The risk of NIS establishment is based on current marine climate similarities between regions and projected 2030 terrestrial climate similarities. Results indicate that the United States, China, and Japan are at greatest risk for increased terrestrial and marine NIS spread to and from one another given their relatively high levels of trading activity and terrestrial and marine climate similarities. While increased trade between European and Asia-Pacific countries is expected in the future, only Japan has terrestrial climate similar enough to that of European countries to be considered a substantial terrestrial NIS spread risk, while China has the potential to increase the risk of marine NIS species spread in Europe.
Inuit Approaches to Naming and Distinguishing Caribou: Considering Language, Place, and Homeland toward Improved Co-management
Authors: Ljubicic Gita , Okpakok Simon , Robertson Sean , Mearns Rebecca
Published: September 2018

Qikiqtaq (King William Island), in the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut, has been largely overlooked in caribou research to date. Qikiqtaq is shown as blank, or as having uncertain status, in the majority of caribou herd range maps.Qikiqtaq (King William Island), in the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut, has been largely overlooked in caribou research to date. Qikiqtaq is shown as blank, or as having uncertain status, in the majority of caribou herd range maps. However, our work with Inuit Elders and hunters in Uqsuqtuuq (Gjoa Haven) on the southeastern coast of Qikiqtaq made it clear that caribou migrate on and off the island seasonally, and some remain on the island year-round. Caribou were identified as a local research priority in 2010, and we have worked together with Uqsuqtuurmiut (people of Uqsuqtuuq) from 2011 to 2016 to document and share Uqsuqtuurmiut knowledge of caribou movements, hunting, and habitat, as well as the importance of caribou for community diets, livelihoods, and cultural practices. In this process, it was important to understand appropriate Inuktitut terminology and local approaches to naming and distinguishing caribou in the region. Uqsuqtuurmiut do not generally distinguish caribou (tuktuit in Inuktitut) according to herds, in the way that biologists or wildlife managers do. Locally, people differentiate four main types of caribou: iluiliup tuktuit (inland caribou), kingailaup tuktuit (island caribou), qungniit (reindeer), and a mixture of iluiliup tuktuit and kingailaup tuktuit. Through these names, along with reviewing approaches to naming and distinguishing caribou in other Kitikmeot and Kivalliq communities, we emphasize how Inuit-caribou connections are articulated and enacted through language, place, and homeland. In efforts to support more inclusive and meaningful incorporation of Inuit knowledge in caribou co-management, we suggest that careful consideration of Inuit approaches to naming and distinguishing caribou could aid communication and mutual understanding. Key considerations that emerged include (1) accounting for dialectical differences, (2) understanding relative geographic references, and (3) recognizing historical and contemporary influences of traditional homelands and societies on terminology used. These considerations have potential implications for identifying and discussing caribou, as well as for new or refined approaches to monitoring caribou herds and habitats, since these approaches are often the result of how herds are defined.
Monitoramento do Efetivo Diário de Adolescentes Infratores por Gráficos de Controle Autocorrelacionados
Authors: Costa Giovani Glaucio De Oliveira
Published: September 2018

Nas últimas décadas, verifica-se com muita frequência que a hipótese de independência entre amostras (descorrelação), para a aplicação dos gráficos de controle de Shewhart, não é satisfeita, devido a existência de muitos alarmes falsos. Nessas condições, os procedimentos adequados para o Controle Estatístico da Qualidade (CEQ) costumam ser muito complexos para a implementação em grande parte dos ambientes produtores de bens e serviços, onde o gráfico é construído pelo operador. Como consequência, tem-se a aplicação de técnicas inadequadas, com resultados sem significado (e ocorrência de muitos alarmes falsos). Este artigo propõe uma metodologia mais realista e simples para o Controle Estatístico da Qualidade, quando se está diante de dados autocorrelacionados, isto é, gráficos de controle com dados que se comportam como uma série temporal. A proposta foi motivada por um caso real e muito pertinente face à demanda por soluções científicas e tecnológicas para discutir e solucionar um dos graves problemas da sociedade contemporânea, que é a da participação de menores na prática de atos infracionais: “Monitoramento do Efetivo Diário de Adolescentes Infratores em Privação de Liberdade no DEGASE”.A pesquisa se constitui na observação do efetivo de adolescentes em privação de liberdade nos quatros unidades de internação do DEGASE no período de 01/01 a 26/07 de 2004 e contou com 214 dias de observações. Em cada dia se registrou o efetivo total de menores infratores nas quatro unidades contempladas na pesquisa. Ao se estudar várias alternativas de gráficos de controle para os dados coletados, optou-se, por razões técnicas e contextuais, pelos gráficos de controle com limites alargados, mas deixam-se sugeridas alternativas para o referido monitoramento, também válidas, mas com vantagens e desvantagens explicitadas.
Análise da ocupação de porta paletes na armazenagem de produtos acabados em uma empresa calçadista do Vale dos Sinos
Authors: Rohde Claudemir , Nunes Fabiano De Lima
Published: September 2018

Este artigo aborda a análise do armazenamento, na expedição, de produtos acabados em uma empresa calçadista. O objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar a ocupação dos porta paletes, na armazenagem dos estoques de produtos acabados, na expedição da empresa. A metodologia desta pesquisa foi conduzida através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e um Estudo de Caso na área de expedição de uma industria calçadista do Vale dos Sinos – RS. Como resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa, observou-se 300 posições de paletes com uma capacidade atual de armazenamento de 869,4 m³, onde podem ser alocados 108.000 pares de calçado, utilizando uma taxa de ocupação de 100%; esta mesma capacidade atual utilizando uma taxa de ocupação de 85%, podem ser alocados 91.800 pares, com a proposta de melhoria a capacidade de porta paletes aumenta para 450 posições de paletes e 1.394 m³, podendo acomodar 162.000 pares de calçados
Implantação de uma nova técnica gerencial para melhoria de produtividade de processos numa empresa de fabricação de portas
Authors: Francisco Ederson , Valentina Luiz Veriano Oliveira Dalla , De Oliveira Marco Aurélio
Published: September 2018

A crescente necessidade nos últimos tempos por produtos de qualidade e com preços atrativos, fez com que as empresas se tornassem cada vez mais competitivas. Essa tendência reforça a necessidade de melhoria em produtividade e redução de custo. O processo de mudança requer um planejamento estruturado e com apoio da alta direção envolvendo todos os níveis da corporação. Essa pesquisa aplicada qualitativa, e por seu objetivo explorátorio, aplicou uma sistemática que consiste em uma nova técnica gerencial implantada para a melhoria de produtividade por meio de identificação e eliminação de desperdícios. Como etapas da sistemática desenvolveram-se: escolha do grupo de melhoramento contínuo, treinamento nos princípios enxutos, diagnóstico do estado atual com o uso do benchmarking enxuto, mapeamento do fluxo de valor, planejamento de ações para os times kaizens atuarem nas necessidades de melhoria da linha de manufatura, estabilizando processos e disseminando a cultura da melhoria contínua. A aplicação da metodologia proposta foi feita em uma empresa madeireira de portas e obtiveram-se resultados significativos em produtividade com melhora de 18,7% no volume de produção, redução nos índices de retrabalho em 28,5% e redução no lead time em 33,2%, refletindo também na queda de estoques em processo
Técnicas de pesquisa operacional aplicadas na otimização de rotas de uma rede de lojas de materiais de construção
Authors: Moro Matheus Fernando , Weise Andreas Dittmar , Dos Reis Camila Candida Compagnoni , Flores Sandrine De Almeida
Published: September 2018

A competitividade tem exigido que as empresas desenvolvam vantagens competitivas em relação aos seus concorrentes que envolvem tempo, custo e nível de serviços. O gerenciamento logístico através de técnicas da pesquisa operacional surge como uma forte ferramenta. Tendo em vista que a distribuição é uma das atividades da logística com maior custo para as empresas, o objetivo do estudo é minimizar a rota de distribuição de materiais de construção, aplicando heurísticas de solução do Problema do Caixeiro Viajante. Para isso utiliza-se como procedimentos técnicos a pesquisa bibliográfica e o estudo de caso. São apresentados definições, formulação e métodos de resolução do PCV através das heurísticas do Vizinho mais Próximo e Subcircuito Inverso, sendo utilizando o software SCILAB® 5.2.2. para a programação dos algoritmos. Em seguida, comparam-se os resultados obtidos através da metodologia com a rota empregada atualmente. Nos resultados alcança-se redução de 8,53% e 15,96% às heurísticas do vizinho mais próximo e Subcircuito Inverso, respectivamente. Por fim, é analisado o custo entre as rotas encontradas, como fator relevante à tomada de decisão.
Prostřeno, czyli nakryto do stołu. O programach kulinarnych w czeskich mediach
Authors: Sliwka Roman
Published: September 2018

Komunikacja w programie telewizyjnym jest odrębnym rytuałem, odbywa się w czasie przygotowywania dań, co wpływa na wrażenia kulinarne i smakowe. Czeskie media, głównie dzięki programom kulinarnym, doskonale realizują te założenia i aktywizują widza. Programy kulinarne nie tylko przekazują widzowi gotowe receptury, ale opierają się na doświadczeniu kulinarnym odbiorcy i zapraszają go do wzięcia udziału. Głównym celem tego tekstu jest ukazanie sposobu komunikacji w tych programach oraz języka, którego używają moderatorzy.
Análisis del discurso y sociopragmática histórica en un debate legal en la Cartagena de Indias del siglo XVIII. Intensificación y atenuación como recursos argumentales
Authors: Carrera De La Red Micaela
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo consiste en un análisis histórico de textos que proceden de un expediente archivístico de Cartagena de Indias entre 1715 y 1717. Los autos son textos administrativos que poseen diversas funciones en las relaciones institucionales entre metrópoli y colonias, tal como la de “emitir opinión”. En la tipología textual indiana, esta función se denomina consulta o parecer, y se caracteriza por el uso de un predicado de tipo doxástico. Para el análisis hemos adoptado las perspectivas teóricas del análisis histórico del discurso y de la sociopragmática histórica. El estudio se completa con un análisis cuantitativo que permite resaltar cuáles son los rasgos lingüísticos a los que se vincula la intensificación y la atenuación en el subtipo debate dentro del
registro legal en el español de la Cartagena del siglo XVIII. La conclusión sugiere que los recursos lingüísticos encontrados aumenta la intención persuasiva de la argumentación característica de los autos cartagineses.
Elementos para una geopolítica de los megaproyectos de infraestructura en América Latina y Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Calderón Fabio Vladimir
Published: September 2018

En este trabajo se realiza una aproximación crítica, en términos de las implicaciones socioespaciales de carácter nacional y local, a los proyectos e iniciativas de conexión física supranacional mediante el mejoramiento de la infraestructura en transporte y energía. Para ello, se analiza la forma en que los proyectos de infraestructura de Colombia se articulan con dos iniciativas subcontinentales que pretenden construir una plataforma física para la región: el Plan Puebla Panamá (PPP), para Centroamérica (incluida Colombia) y la Iniciativa para la Integración Regional de Suramérica (IIRSA).
Reflexiones sobre el territorio rural bajo la acumulación flexible: el caso de la región cafetalera de Coatepec, Veracruz, México
Authors: González Luna Fabián
Published: September 2018

El presente trabajo ofrece una discusión sobre los cambios territoriales experimentados en la región cafetalera de Coatepec, Veracruz, provocados por la reestructuración del mercado internacional agroalimentario y por la modificación de las políticas agrarias en México, desde los años ochenta y hasta la fecha, dentro del contexto del nuevo régimen de acumulación flexible. El trabajo argumenta a favor de la importancia del concepto de territorio para explicar las nuevas realidades rurales (en este caso de una región caficultora con una larga tradición) configuradas por el régimen de acumulación flexible, utilizando para ello los resultados y experiencias del trabajo de campo en dicha región.
Abasto futuro de agua potable, análisis espacial y vulnerabilidad de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Contreras Servín Carlos , Galindo Mendoza María Guadalupe
Published: September 2018

En el presente artículo se analizan y se presentan las circunstancias físicas, sociales y económicas que en conjunto afectan al panorama y a la problemática actual del abastecimiento de agua potable de la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí. Entre los temas que se abordan se encuentra la relación entre la disponibilidad del agua y el incremento de la población, así como la evolución de la extracción de aguas subterráneas. Por otra parte, la investigación muestra un diagnóstico de la situación en que se encuentra  actualmente el abasto de agua potable en la ciudad de San Luis Potosí y en las áreas aledañas; también plantea el probable escenario del futuro inmediato.
Reflexiones sobre Sistemas de Información Geográfica Participativos (sigp) y cartografía social
Authors: Barrera Lobatón Susana
Published: September 2018

Los SIG participativos requieren revisión en cuanto a sus implicaciones para el concepto de espacio, para las nuevas representaciones y el acceso a la información geográfica espacial. En Colombia se conformó el grupo de investigación Espacio, Tecnología y Participación (Estepa), para analizar dichas problemáticas. A partir del trabajo del grupo, este artículo se propone socializar las reflexiones sobre la pertinencia, operatividad y conceptualización de los SIG participativos y la cartografía social en Colombia. Aquí se somete a reconsideración la concepción de los SIG como una herramienta para el manejo del espacio euclidiano, bajo una perspectiva que incluye otro tipo de conocimiento, que, para el caso, se convierte en cartografía no euclidiana. Finalmente se evidencia la necesidad de reconocer otros elementos fundamentales de su uso, acceso e interpretación, relacionados con la toma de decisiones más democrática a través de una mayor participación de las comunidades locales.
¿Quién es vulnerable en la escuela? Análisis territorial de rendimientos educativos y contexto sociocultural en el Partido de General Pueyrredón, Argentina
Authors: Sabuda Fernando Gabriel
Published: September 2018

Uno de los factores que permite detectar la localización de población en situación de vulnerabilidad educativa es la identificación de las relaciones entre las características socioculturales de los hogares y los rendimientos académicos de los escolares. A partir del examen de este hecho, de la revisión y clarificación de los conceptos en él implicados, y a la luz de los datos obtenidos por un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG), se estudia el modo en que la vulnerabilidad educativa se manifiesta en los niños y adolescentes en el partido de General Pueyrredón, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La metodología de análisis es de carácter cuantitativo, pues se apoya en una comparación del Índice de Condicionamiento Sociocultural y el Índice de Rendimientos Educativos (ambos en puntaje Z). Se espera evidenciar las relaciones espaciales existentes entre variables sociales y culturales que configuran el mapa de la vulnerabilidad educativa para la zona de estudio, lo que constituye un tema de amplia relevancia social.
Shaw, Gareth y Allan Williams. Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2002. 371 pp.
Authors: Piñeros Sairi Tatiana
Published: September 2018

Esta obra, escrita por Gareth Shaw y Allan Williams, tiene como propósito presentar una aproximación al estudio de las cuestiones críticas de la producción y el consumo del turismo y el ocio.
Espacio de vida y movilidad territorial habitual en Chapadmalal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Ares Sofía Estela
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es investigar la configuración de los espacios de vida a partir de patrones de movilidad habitual (commuting), en Chapadmalal (partido de General Pueyrredon, Buenos Aires, Argentina). El espacio de vida cotidiano y la movilidad territorial son los conceptos centrales. Se trabajó con datos primarios: los espacios de vida se clasificaron por su extensión jurisdiccional y por los lugares usados. Se obtuvieron diferentes disposiciones espaciales y distintas modalidades de uso del espacio, en las que las características sociodemográficas de los sujetos están vinculadas con las peculiaridades de cada categoría.
Leyendo el paisaje. Lecturas del ordenamiento del espacio en el centro comercial Gran Estación, Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Martínez Camacho José Eduardo
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se presentan algunos mensajes y significados derivados del ordenamiento del espacio en el centro comercial Gran Estación, localizado en Bogotá, Colombia. El paisaje dispuesto allí se equipara con un texto sujeto a ser interpretado. De esta manera, se examinan las lecturas que realizan los usuarios de este espacio comercial y, en consecuencia, se evidencia el papel que tienen los promotores de centros comerciales como autores de ese tipo de formas construidas. Se evidencian temas como el del espacio público privatizado y el control o exceso de seguridad que se mantiene en esos lugares.
El ordenamiento territorial y su construcción social en Colombia: ¿un instrumento para el desarrollo sustentable?
Authors: Hernández Peña Yolanda Teresa
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal realizar una reflexión sobre algunos de los aspectos del ordenamiento territorial en Colombia. Establece un análisis sobre los planes de ordenamiento como instrumentos actuales en la construcción de “un orden deseado” y sobre las posibilidades para lograr un modelo de ocupación que permita orientar el territorio hacia un desarrollo sustentable. Para esto se analizan los resultados del proceso realizado hasta el momento y se señalan algunos factores a tener en cuenta con el fin de mejorar las dinámicas que se establecen en los niveles locales y regionales.
Circuitos de la economía urbana de bebidas gaseosas y aguas saborizadas: consumo, discursos ligth y publicidad en Argentina
Authors: Di Nucci Josefina
Published: September 2018

En Argentina existe una variada y amplia diversidad de tipos y marcas de bebidas gaseosas y aguas saborizadas, con diferencias sustanciales entre actores participantes, resultado de la existencia de un circuito superior e inferior de la economía urbana. La publicidad es un componente central de ese producto, en especial para las marcas globales, aunque ha llegado también a los actores menos poderosos. El trabajo pretende reflexionar sobre el papel del consumo, la publicidad y los discursos del periodo en los circuitos de la economía urbana de esas bebidas, presentando algunos ejemplos en Buenos Aires y Mar del Plata.
Los espacios subjetivos del miedo: construcción de la estigmatización espacial en relación con la inseguridad delictiva urbana
Authors: Pyszczek Oscar Luis
Published: September 2018

El temor al delito es parte constitutiva de las incertidumbres de las sociedades contemporáneas. Estas incertidumbres se consolidan y expresan en la experiencia diaria de los ciudadanos y en el intercambio simbólico-perceptivo del espacio. El objetivo del artículo consiste en realizar una aproximación al campo de estudio de los espacios subjetivos y, específicamente, a la estigmatización  espacial, mediante el análisis de la dimensión espacial de la percepción de inseguridad delictiva a nivel barrial en la ciudad de Resistencia, capital de la provincia del Chaco en Argentina, tomada como sujeto de estudio.
Territorialidad nasa en Bogotá: apropiación, percepción y sentido de lugar
Authors: Bernal Mora Martha Isabel
Published: September 2018

Esta investigación persigue comprender y analizar las representaciones de las dinámicas y los imaginarios del pueblo indígena nasa en el contexto urbano de Bogotá. A partir de la Investigación Acción Participativa, la cartografía social, la etnografía, el diálogo de saberes, la observación participante, los relatos de vida y los recorridos ambientales se incentivó la participación  activa de la  comunidad para registrar cómo percibe ella el valor simbólico del territorio. Se encontró que los indígenas nasa se apropian del espacio urbano al recorrer, nombrar y representar simbólicamente los lugares donde habitualmente interactúan, es decir, mediante el significado de sus representaciones espaciales, el uso de la jigra (un tipo de mochila típica de la región), la educación propia, los recorridos urbanos, los encuentros interétnicos o retornado intermitentemente a sus territorios deorigen.