bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anxiety in academic speaking situations among EFL majors: a case study
Authors: Radić-Bojanić Biljana , Topalov Jagoda
Published: June 2021

In the study reported a total of 145 students pursuing the academic title of a BA in English language and literature were tested with the aim of establishing which explanatory variables have the independent power to explain the level of English language speaking anxiety. The instrument used in the study was taken from Yaikhong et al. (2012) and adapted for the purposes of the current investigation. The response variable in the study was the average level of anxiety measured by means of the questionnaire, whereas the explanatory variables included gender, the year of study, the number of presentations students gave during the course of their studies, the grade in language skills, the expected grade, the self-perceived proficiency and the perceived difficulty of the English language. The results reveal that gender, the expected grade and the self-perceived proficiency can account for the variation in the levels of anxiety among students. The paper ends with suggestions of interventions for helping students cope with the negative effects of anxiety on their speaking performance and learning experiences.
High power and immunity high Q PMC packaged dual notch high power suspended defected stripline filter
Authors: Elshafey Ahmed F. , Abdalla Mahmoud A.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a novel high power high selective and high-Qpackaged dual band air suspended stripline notch filter is presented. The notch frequencies, at 2.4 and 3.5 GHz, were designed using defected suspended stripline (DSS). Moreover, the filter was packaged and shielded using perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). The DSS were designed using two frequency independent non-coupled cascaded U shape resonators. It has been proved that the filter attenuation has a sharp rejection characteristic (measured) at the two resonance frequencies (27 dB at 2.4 GHz) and (30 dB at 3.5 GHz) with Quality factor = (18). So, the sharp measured filter attenuation performance was further enhanced to become 38 dB at the two frequencies. The achieved results are discussed and confirmed using different circuit, 3D EM and experimental measurements. The designed filter can find many medium powers up to 20 kW applications.
Bayesian adaptive design of early-phase clinical trials for precision medicine based on cancer biomarkers
Authors: Yada Shinjo
Published: June 2021

Cancer tissue samples obtained via biopsy or surgery were examined for specific gene mutations by genetic testing to inform treatment. Precision medicine, which considers not only the cancer type and location, but also the genetic information, environment, and lifestyle of each patient, can be applied for disease prevention and treatment in individual patients. The number of patient-specific characteristics, including biomarkers, has been increasing with time; these characteristics are highly correlated with outcomes. The number of patients at the beginning of early-phase clinical trials is often limited. Moreover, it is challenging to estimate parameters of models that include baseline characteristics as covariates such as biomarkers. To overcome these issues and promote personalized medicine, we propose a dose-finding method that considers patient background characteristics, including biomarkers, using a model for phase I/II oncology trials. We built a Bayesian neural network with input variables of dose, biomarkers, and interactions between dose and biomarkers and output variables of efficacy outcomes for each patient. We trained the neural network to select the optimal dose based on all background characteristics of a patient. Simulation analysis showed that the probability of selecting the desirable dose was higher using the proposed method than that using the naïve method.
Kinetic-invariant analysis of dye degradation in an annular slurry bubble-column photo reactor
Authors: Munjal Guncha , Bhaskarwar Ashok N. , Chaudhary Amita
Published: June 2021

Heterogeneous photocatalysis refers to the series of oxidation and reduction reactions on a semiconductor surface by the electrons and holes generated by absorption of light by the catalyst. This method is widely used for the degradation of dyes and their mixtures present in the textile effluent, and involves two main aspects, viz. a photocatalyst, and a photoreactor. TiO2 nanoparticles are well explored and among the best known photocatalysts used worldwide. Annular slurry bubble-column reactor is a commonly used photoreactor for dye(s) degradation. This research paper explores the effects of different parameters like air-flow rate, photocatalyst loading, and initial dye concentration on the dye degradation in an annular slurry bubble-column photoreactor. The results showed that the best dye degradation efficiencies were reported at an aeration rate of 1.7 × 10−4 m3/s and at a catalyst loading of 1.5 kg/m3. Higher the initial concentration of dye, the greater is the time taken for complete degradation and mineralization. A kinetic-invariant method, which is based on the dimensionless representation of existing data to predict the new experimental results, is used to develop a semi-empirical reactor performance equation. It can be used to predict the concentration of dye undergoing degradation in the photocatalytic reactor at any time without a need for further experimentation.
Assessing the involvement of the placental microbiome and virome in preeclampsia using non coding RNA sequencing
Authors: Yoffe Liron , Kuperman Amir A. , Isakov Ofer , Haguel Danielle , Polsky Avital L. , Farberov Luba , Pillar Nir , Gurevich Vyacheslav , Haviv Izhak , Shomron Noam
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Preeclampsia is a dangerous pregnancy complication. The source of preeclampsia is unknown, though the placenta is believed to have a central role in its pathogenesis. An association between maternal infection and preeclampsia has been demonstrated, yet the involvement of the placental microbiome in the etiology of preeclampsia has not been determined. In this study, we examined whether preeclampsia is associated with an imbalanced microorganism composition in the placenta.

Methods

To this end, we developed a novel method for the identification of bacteria/viruses based on sequencing of small non-coding RNA, which increases the microorganism-to-host ratio, this being a major challenge in microbiome methods. We validated the method on various infected tissues and demonstrated its efficiency in detecting microorganisms in samples with extremely low bacterial/viral biomass. We then applied the method to placenta specimens from preeclamptic and healthy pregnancies. Since the placenta is a remarkably large and heterogeneous organ, we explored the bacterial and viral RNA at each of 15 distinct locations.

Results

Bacterial RNA was detected at all locations and was consistent with previous studies of the placental microbiome, though without significant differences between the preeclampsia and control groups. Nevertheless, the bacterial RNA composition differed significantly between various areas of the placenta. Viral RNA was detected in extremely low quantities, below the threshold of significance, thus viral abundance could not be determined.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the bacterial and viral abundance in the placenta may have only limited involvement in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The evidence of a heterogenic bacterial RNA composition in the various placental locations warrants further investigation to capture the true nature of the placental microbiome.
Novel calcium carbonate filler for cellulose industry
Authors: Nikkhah Dafchahi Mostafa , Resalati Hossein , Zabihzadeh Seyed Majid , Nazarnezhad Noureddin , Asadpour Ghasem , Pirayesh Hamidreza
Published: June 2021

Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) filler is used in many industrial products like constructions, plastics, pharmaceutics, etc. In this study producing cationic precipitated calcium carbonate filler for paper industry was investigated. Hence, a cationic polyacrylamide and cationic corn starch have been incorporated into the PCC particles to produce a modified filler with cationic structure and improved hydrogen bonding ability with cellulose fibers. According to the FESEM and XRD results, cubic-like fillers with prominently calcite polymorph and a slight amount of aragonite were successfully produced from the industrial burnt lime using carbonation process. The presence of organic substances in the structure of the modified samples was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Besides, based on the FESEM results, filler morphology and particle size could be affected by the polymer content. In conclusion, introducing cationic groups to mineral fillers could be considered as a possible strategy to overcome some detrimental effects of using mineral fillers in paper products.
Die Möglichkeiten moderner apologetischer Lösungen des Theodizeeproblems – Dargestellt und betrachtet anhand des Lösungsversuchs von F.v. Kutschera, sowie einer Anregung von J. S. Mill
Authors: Jakovljević Dragan
Published: June 2021

In diesem Aufsatz wird zunächst das klassische Theodizee-problem dargelegt und eine Typologie seiner möglichen Lösungsarten (apologetische Konzeptionen, Atheismus, begriffliche Modifikationen an der Gottesvorstellung, Agnostizismus) entworfen. Nach einer zusammenfassenden Erörterung dieser Strategien wendet sich der Verfasser einer reizvollen, bislang kaum beachteten Stellungnahme von J. S. Mill zu, die er dann innerhalb der weiteren Ausführungen zu berücksichtigen sucht. Im zweiten Teil des Aufsatzes wird die apologetische Lösung der Theodizee durch F. v. Kutschera systematisch rekonstruiert und kritisch beleuchtet. Diese Lösung hebt hervor, der letzte Sinn des Leidens sei zwar für uns nicht erfassbar, wir könnten aber im Vertrauen auf die Vorsehung Gottes annehmen und uns im Rahmen der Gemeinschaft mit Gott darauf verlassen, dass Heilsgeschichte zugleich Leidensgeschichte sei. Hierbei sollen wir im Glauben mit Gott den Weg zueinander gehen – wohin er auch führt. Nach einer partiellen Infragestellung dieser Lösung, stellt der Verfasser die Frage, ob unser Vertrauen zu Gott unter allen denkbaren Umständen bedingungslos bleiben sollte. Dabei wird auf die Risiken eines blinden und fanatischen Glaubens hingewiesen. Demgegenüber wird das Bedürfnis danach bejaht, unseren Glauben doch an die positiven Aussichten für die Erfüllung gewisser menschlicher Fundamentalerwartungen (keine Vernichtung von Menschheit sowie anderer Lebewesen, kein sinnloser und umfassender Weltuntergang, die Anerkennung und Bewahrung der Schöpfung etc.) zu binden.
Benjamin Constant’s Ideas as an Opportunity for the Substantiation of Religious Feeling only as Emotion
Authors: Kirsberg Igor W.
Published: June 2021

On the basis of B. Constant’s ideas, this article discusses the possibility of studying religious feeling only as emotion and substantiates the superiority of this approach to the cognitive. The difficulties of the non-cognitive approach are mainly related to its fusion with the cognitive and can be overcome by a strict distinction between them. Religious feeling is thereby shown to be an ordinary emotion without any cognitive properties – only as a sensual stream that is specified by the particularities of its flow and its interactions with thought (and probably will). Its specificity as religious would be considered as the effect of such particularities and interactions. Further specification of this feeling – the differences among faith, religious hope, love, etc. – is proposed in the same manner, revealing and distinguishing nuances of its flow. In this way, religious feeling could be considered without mystification, and its nature would be understandable through the mechanism of consciousness. The whole of religion as reduced to religious feeling and consciousness would be accessible in its nature to the researcher while fully preserving its details as they occur in the believer’s consciousness.
Strong health systems for maternal health in the sustainable development era
Authors: Hermanns Sophie , Schmidt Jean-Olivier
Published: June 2021

Maternal health is one of the 169 targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While the SDGs are less focused on maternal health than their predecessors, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDGs’ commitments to multisectoral development, health systems, universal health coverage and equity could provide the foundations for sustainable advances in maternal health.
Risiken und Prävention der Frühgeburt
Authors: Berger Richard
Published: June 2021

Die Frühgeburt hat wesentlichen Anteil an der perinatalen Morbidität und Mortalität. Ihre Inzidenz liegt in Deutschland seit Jahren bei ca. 8%. Betroffene Kinder, insbesondere Frühgeborenene vor 28 Schwangerschaftswochen, leiden an zum Teil erheblichen Entwicklungsstörungen. Derzeit fußt die Prävention der Frühgeburt auf der Beratung der Schwangeren über individuell vorliegende Risikofaktoren und deren Vermeidung. Bei Frauen mit früher Verkürzung des Gebärmutterhalses können darüber hinaus der Einsatz von Progesteron, einer Zerklage oder eines Zervixpessar hilfreich sein.
Screening nach Gewalt in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Schulze Susen
Published: June 2021

Häusliche Gewalt ist ein häufiges Problem, von dem auch schwangere Frauen betroffen sind. Vor der Einführung eines Routinescreenings in der Schwangerschaftsvorsorge ist es wichtig den Bedarf zu ermitteln. Im Rahmen der Implementierung sollten verschiedene Schritte zur Umsetzung diskutiert, Netzwerke und Kooperationen aufgebaut sowie ärztliches und pflegerisches Personal geschult werden.
Neugeborenen-Screening: Kriterien für die Aufnahme neuer Zielkrankheiten
Authors: Nennstiel Uta
Published: June 2021

Ein Screening auf schwere angeborene Stoffwechsel- und Hormonstörungen wird schon seit vielen Jahren allen Neugeborenen in Deutschland angeboten. Vor dem Hintergrund verbesserter diagnostisch- analytischer Möglichkeiten und neuer therapeutischer Optionen bei schweren angeborenen Erkrankungen wird eine Ausweitung auf zunehmend mehr Zielkrankheiten gefordert. Hier müssen zuvor neben der Evidenz die ethischen Voraussetzungen sorgfältig geprüft werden.
Sprach- und Integrationsmittler*innen in der geburtshilflichen Versorgung
Authors: Rocholl Angela
Published: June 2021

Sprach- und Integrationsmittler*innen zeichnen sich neben dem fachspezifischen Dolmetschen durch soziokulturelles Vermitteln aus. Sprachbarrieren bei Schwangeren und jungen Müttern können zur gesundheitlichen Unterversorgung führen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse zeigen unterschiedlich eingenommene Rollen in der Tätigkeit, die Chancen zur Integration in Netzwerkstrukturen bieten und den Ausbau der Qualifikation in Verbindung mit interprofessionellem Austausch und Weiterbildung notwendig machen.
Gibt es einen Hebammenmangel in Deutschland?
Authors: Blum Karl , Löffert Sabine
Published: June 2021

In den deutschen Krankenhäusern gibt es einen Mangel an Hebammen. Die Geburtenzahlen steigen stärker als die Anzahl der stationär tätigen Hebammen. Viele Krankenhäuser können offene Hebammenstellen nicht besetzen oder suchen dringend Beleghebammen. Die aktuellen Stellenpläne decken nicht den Bedarf nach der Leitlinienempfehlung der „Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF)“ zum Personalschlüssel sub partu ab. Auch außerklinisch ist eine Bedarfsdeckung in der Schwangerschafts- und Wochenbettbetreuung nicht durchgängig gewährleistet.
Frühe Hilfen: Beziehungsarbeit als Gelingensfaktor für den Zugang zu jungen Eltern
Authors: Tegethoff Dorothea , Streffing Joana , Grieshop Melita
Published: June 2021

Um die Teilnahme junger Familien an Maßnahmen der Frühen Hilfen zu erhöhen, müssen geeignete Zugänge gefunden werden. In zwei Evaluationsprojekten wurden Expert∗innen und Nutzer∗innen zur Erreichbarkeit von Familien und Effektivität der Zugangswege befragt. Aus Sicht der Befragten sind Erstbesuche nach der Geburt geeignete Zugangswege. Daneben tragen wertschätzende Kommunikation der Mitarbeitenden in den Frühen Hilfen und Partizipation der Nutzer∗innen zum Gelingen einer guten Zusammenarbeit im Sinne der Familien bei.
Von Tauwetter und Tiefdruckgebieten
Authors: Günther Clemens
Published: June 2021

Based on recent studies on ‘literary meteorology’, the article examines depictions of meteorology in Soviet literature. It contextualizes Daniil Granin’s Into the Storm (1962) and Anatolii Gladilin’s Forecast for tomorrow (1972) within the post-war history of meteorology and reads both texts as examples for a ‘popular meteorology’, in which important shifts in the Soviet culture of science can be detected. In difference to political readings of late Soviet prose on science, it holds, that literary texts can provide valuable insights into shifts of styles on thinking, the praxeology of science, its anthropological implications and into models of scientific evolution.
Introduction: How to Conceive Global Function Systems?
Authors: Stichweh Rudolf
Published: June 2021

The introduction summarizes the analytical perspectives used and the conceptual structures introduced in the essays of this volume. On the basis of the results of this synthesis it proposes four directions for further research: 1. The identification of beginnings of functional differentiation in premodern societies in different world regions. 2. The analysis of conceptual transfers and of the contours of global categories that connect the regions of an emerging world society. 3. The historical-analytical tracing of the differentiation histories of the individual function systems. How do they expand on the basis of the symbol complexes of which they consist? 4. The study of the complexity of a functionally differentiated world society: The multiplicity of function systems, the intensification of interactions among them, the global problems behind the rise of new function systems, the varieties within function systems and the variant structural couplings between them.
Varieties and Variations of Functional Differentiation
Authors: Holzer Boris
Published: June 2021

Functional differentiation is associated with two salient features of globalization: First, societal subsystems such as the economy, science, religion and politics have become increasingly global in terms of the interconnectedness of their operations across the world. Second, they exhibit global structural similarities, for instance regarding functionally specific role relationships and corresponding formal organizations. However, functional differentiation entails not only more interconnectedness and homogenization but also considerable structural and institutional diversity. In this paper, I distinguish and examine two forms of diversity that emerge as consequences of functional differentiation:Varietiesof institutional structures that concern different ways of addressing functionally specific problems, on the one hand, and on the other, thevariationof forms of structural coupling among subsystems within a particular local or regional context.
Functions of Clientelism in Modern Politics
Authors: Kusche Isabel
Published: June 2021

Clientelism as a structure of political expectations is relevant for understanding both the development of states and present-day politics in many segments of the world-political system. It is a solution to three general problems that modern political systems face: the affirmation of central authority over a territory, the mobilization of voters in democratic elections, and the need to provide political careers for individuals. The article illustrates these problems and their clientelistic solution by drawing on the examples of Russia, Greece and Japan. In these cases, patron-client ties function as equivalents to solutions on which systems theory has mostly focused when describing modern political systems: autonomous bureaucratic administration, electoral campaigns based on political programs, and party organizations based on formal membership and ideology.
The Limits of Functional Differentiation under Populist Rule in Latin America
Authors: Mascareño Dr. Aldo
Published: June 2021

Populism has been one of the most outstanding features of Latin American politics throughout the 20thcentury. By controlling political and economic operations and appealing to the semantic construction ofpueblo(the people), populism has succeeded in shaping a regional variant of functional differentiation. This process is analyzed along three phases of Latin American history, the pre-populist age ofcaudillos, the classic populism in the 20thcentury, and the neo-populist period in the 21stcentury. The article concludes with a reflection on the consequences of populism for the institutional framework in Latin America.
“Modern Authoritarians” Coping with the Challenge of Modern Society
Authors: Hayoz Nicolas
Published: June 2021

The study of “Modern authoritarians” This part of the title is inspired by Arch Puddington’s Freedom House report on modern authoritarians (Puddington 2017). has become for understandable reasons a fashionable topic, particularly in political science. Authoritarian regimes such as Russia and China are of course a challenge for democracies. A more sociological perspective could focus rather on the question to what extent such modern authoritarian powers have realized on a regional level of world society a variant of differentiation which could challenge or even undermine functional differentiation as the main type of differentiation in modern society. The empire could be a candidate for such a variant. But this paper prefers to look rather at how authoritarian regimes are using and misusing organizations and networks to protect their grip on power and to control society, particularly politics. Such power structures may be considered as parasitical differentiation. What in the political world looks like a kind of competition between autocracies and democracies could also be considered as a regional, more or less successful attempt to control and instrumentalise politically functional differentiation, its performance and its effects.
Vitamin D3 reduces hippocampal NR2A and anxiety in nicotine withdrawal mice
Authors: Wu Bingxue , Tao Xinrong , Liu Chuanlin , Li Huaixu , Jiang Tao , Chen Zijun , Wang Qi , Liu Fei , Mu Min , Chen Zhaoyan
Published: June 2021

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms, mainly anxiety, cause high level of relapse rate after quitting smoking. Vitamin D supplementation has shown its potential for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders; however, neurobiological studies about the effect of vitamin D on nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety are limited. To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of vitamin D3 supplement by dietary on anxiety-like behavior during nicotine withdrawal, male C57/BL6 mice were divided into four groups: vehicle, nicotine only, vitamin D3 only, and nicotine plus vitamin D3. Mice were administrated with nicotine in drinking water (200 µg/mL), and vitamin D3 in feed for 6 weeks. During nicotine withdrawal, vitamin D3-treated mice showed significantly less anxiety-like behavior by an open-field test and marble buried test that performed an increase in the duration of the central zone and a decrease buried marble, respectively. Moreover, vitamin D3 supplementation attenuated the hippocampal NR2A expression on both protein and mRNA levels in nicotine and vitamin D3-treated mice. Our data showed that dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 ameliorated nicotine withdrawal-induced anxiety, which may be related to downregulation of NR2A expression in hippocampus. Vitamin D3 may provide a new dietary intervention with the easy access for smoking cessation.
Evaluating the Adequacy of the Geographic Distribution of Eye Care Professionals in Alberta
Authors: Anderson Alyssa Erin , Hensel Gordon
Published: June 2021

A refraction is one of several tests performed by optometrists and ophthalmologists to issue a patient’s prescription for glasses. In Alberta, optometrists and ophthalmologists are authorized to perform refractions and prescribe based on that refraction; however, opticians are only authorized to refract. This study investigates whether there is a public need for opticians to be licensed to perform refractions and prescribe based on that refraction based on the adequacy of the geographic distribution of eye care professionals in Alberta. To answer this question, the optometrist and ophthalmologist to population ratios for each of Alberta’s five health zones were calculated and compared to international benchmarks. Our results show that all five of Alberta’s health zones have optometrist to population ratios that either meet or exceed the 1:10,000 international benchmark, and three of the five health zones have ophthalmologist to population ratios that meet or exceed the 3:100,000 international benchmark. Based on this data, there is an adequate distribution of optometrists but an inadequate distribution of ophthalmologists in the province. However, in regard to refractions, there is no overwhelming public need for opticians to refract and prescribe based on the refraction.
Właściwości i zalecenia stosowania opatrunków zawierających srebro
Authors: Szkiler Elżbieta , Kucharzewski Marek , Banasiewicz Tomasz , Krasowski Grzegorz , Chrapusta Anna , Bartoszewicz Marzenna , Konrady Zuzanna , Mirosz Anna , Rybak Zbigniew
Published: June 2021

Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi zbiór wiadomości dotyczących właściwości różnych form srebra stosowanych w leczeniu ran oraz opatrunków i preparatów zawierających srebro. Dobierając leczenie miejscowe zakażonej rany niegojącej się zawsze należy brać pod uwagę sposób działania opatrunków oraz właściwości stosowanych w praktyce związków srebra. Celem niniejszego dokumentu jest usystematyzowanie wiedzy na temat srebra, w celu ułatwienia podejmowania decyzji terapeutycznych osobom leczącym rany.
Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of water absorption characteristics and dynamic changes in pore size distribution of wood-plastic composites
Authors: Jin Qiang , Zhu Lin , Hu Di , He Chunxia , Li Li
Published: June 2021

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was used to perform the experiments of transverse relaxation time (T2), pore size distribution, and water absorption rate for wood-plastic composites (WPC) with different contents of added slag powder, exploring the water movement and the dynamic changes of pore size during the moisture absorption process of the material under immersion condition. The experimental results were as follows: (1) According to the T2 of H proton and its inversion pattern, the measured porosity had a relatively small difference from that of the weighing method. (2) The pore size distribution graph showed the following: (i) when the immersion time of composite materials was different, the changing law of volume of pores with different radius was different.; (ii) when the material’s immersion time was greater than 216 h, the pore radius and its distribution characteristics showed large differences; (iii) slag powder changed the pore structure of the WPC but did not change the water absorption characteristics of the wheat straw. (3) The changes of water absorption and expansion rate showed that the slag powder changed the time for the materials’ pores to absorb water until saturation and reduced the water absorption and expansion rate. The measurement results were consistent with changing trend in the pore size obtained by low-field NMR relaxometry.
Parameters affecting the mechanical refining process of plant raw materials using a jet-impingement method
Authors: Yurtayeva Larisa V. , Alashkevich Yuri D. , Marchenko Roman A. , Vasilieva Darya Yu. , Kaplyov Eugene V.
Published: June 2021

Different types of rotor-stator and jet-impingement refining equipment are used depending on the methods of production of fibre semi-finished products and on the initial state of raw materials. This article examines various refining modes for jet-impingement devices and their influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the processed material. Main design parameters that affect the refining process in this type of plant were determined. It was shown that the time required to refine a fibre mass using this plant depends on the jet flow rate (from the nozzle to the barrier), i.e. as the jet flow rate increases, the time required to refine the fibre mass decreases. A dimensionless machine parameter was obtained that characterises the effectiveness of the refining process and the design of jet-impingement refining plants. Using the dimensional method, a functional dependence was observed of breaking length, bursting strength, folding strength, and tearing strength on the machine complex parameter. The numerical value of the machine complex parameter was determined, depending on refining duration.
Links of Previously Experienced Unemployment to the Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults in the Baltic States
Authors: Kairys Antanas , Sadauskaitė Raimonda , Bagdonas Albinas , Eimontas Jonas , Pakalniškienė Vilmantė , Zamalijeva Olga
Published: June 2021

In this paper, using data obtained from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), previously experienced unemployment links to the subjective well-being of older adults in the Baltic States are analyzed.
One of the global challenges faced by a considerable number of countries is the aging of society. Subjective well-being of older adults and its factors are becoming one of the fundamental issues of the research as older adults are becoming a bigger part of society, and it becomes critical to understand what makes their lives wholesome. According to the life course perspective, human development is a lifelong process, and various events, personal life experiences may shape people and their lives. Therefore, it can be assumed that such a significant event as previously experienced unemployment may be related to the subjective well-being at older ages. Thus, this study aims to analyze the links between previously experienced unemployment and the subjective well-being of life of older adults in the Baltic States.
Data obtained from the 7th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was used for the analysis (Bergmann et al., 2019; Börsch-Supan, 2020). Two thousand eight hundred five responses of Estonians, 941 of Lithuanians, and 809 of Latvians over the age of 50 were analyzed. The subjective well-being, previously experienced unemployment, socio-demographic, personality, and health factors were analyzed.
Research results show that many factors predict the subjective well-being of older adults in the three Baltic States: sociodemographic data can explain around 11% of the variance of the subjective well-being. Income additionally explains 2%, factors related to a person’s health adds 11% to the explanation, personality traits – also 11%, previously experienced unemployment – less than 1%. In the model containing all the factors, the most important predictor was personality trait neuroticism, and the model explained 35% of the variance of the subjective well-being. The subjective well-being was not linked only to gender and living with a partner. By analyzing the links between previously experienced unemployment and subjective well-being, we found that these links are relatively weak, although they remain even when controlling a range of factors of subjective well-being.
Thermoplastic starch as a component of film-forming compositions with degradable properties
Authors:   Institute of macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine, Dmitrieva T.V. , Krymovska S.K. ,   Institute of macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine, Glieva G.E. ,   Institute of macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine, Riabov S.V. ,   Institute of macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shose, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

A review of the literature on the production of thermoplastic starch, which is an integral part of biodegradable polymer compositions. The analysis of plasticizing additives, influence of their functional groups, chemical structure and technological parameters on physical and mechanical properties of starch compositions is carried out. The list of plasticizing additives studied should include: glycerin, water, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol. Sorbitol, formamide, xylitol, dimethyl sulfoxide, gelatin, maleic anhydride, epoxidized compounds are defined as structure-forming additives. To improve the physical and mechanical properties of the starch, the addition of crosslinking agents such as citric, boric, or ascorbic acid has been proposed. According to the above review of studies, it can be stated that when creating thermoplastic starch, it is mandatory to use both plasticizing components and structure-forming, which allows the processing of thermoplastic starch by extrusion with subsequent granulation. Thermoplasticized starch due to various plasticizing additives and technological parameters of its production acquires a wide range of characteristics, which solves the problem of creating biodegradable film-forming materials. Depending on the goals, the second component of such materials may be synthetic polymers: polyethers, polycaprolactone, polyolefins, polyterephthalates, PVA and others. Technological parameters of processing in the extrusion process range from 115 °C to 190 °C in the extrusion process, which does not establish an optimized technology for thermoplastic starch and requires further research.
MAMÍFEROS URBANOS COLOMBIANOS: UNA REVISIÓN DE LO QUE SABEMOS Y LO QUE NOS FALTA
Authors: SANCHEZ FRANCISCO
Published: June 2021

Los ecosistemas urbanos están entre los ambientes que más rápido crecen en el planeta debido al incremento de la población humana, y es necesaria información que permita tomar decisiones para el manejo y conservación de su biodiversidad. Por ello se revisaron las publicaciones sobre mamíferos urbanos colombianos y se analizaron cuatro aspectos: 1) la relación entre el número de publicaciones y el año, 2) la representación del conocimiento por regiones naturales y departamentos, 3) la relación entre el número de publicaciones y la población humana por departamento, y 4) la representación de los temas y órdenes de mamíferos estudiados en las diferentes regiones naturales. El número de publicaciones sobre los mamíferos urbanos se ha incrementado exponencialmente con el tiempo, pero estas no están distribuidas uniformemente entre las regiones naturales y departamentos. El número de publicaciones se incrementó con la población humana en los departamentos. Sin embargo, en algunos departamentos existe un número de publicaciones mayor al esperado, mientras que en otros están por debajo de las expectativas. Hay limitada información sobre las respuestas ecológicas de los mamíferos a la urbanización, su posibilidad de transmitir enfermedades, la composición de especies en la mayoría de las áreas urbanas y el efecto de la urbanización sobre la diversidad. Se sugiere aprovechar espacios como los campus universitarios e indicadores comportamentales de bajo costo para hacer experimentación y ayudar a desarrollar estrategias que permitan la coexistencia de humanos y mamíferos silvestres en y alrededor de las ciudades.
PREDATORY INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO ANURAN SPECIES WITH Thamnodynastes chaquensis (COLUBRIDAE) IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO
Authors: Dias-Silva Fernanda , Peixoto Couto Rodney Murillo , Miguel Maiara Cabrera , Adams Guilherme Brad , Buhler Daniel , Pereira Elvis Almeida
Published: June 2021

Although predatory events are uncommon to be recorded in nature, these data are important tools for understanding prey-predator interaction of the involved species. Snakes of genus Thamnodynastes are known for having an anuran diet, including some species of hylid frogs in their diet. Despite this, this pattern does not include T. chaquensis since there are no records on predation or trophic interaction with hylid frogs.Here, we report the first predatory interaction between T. chaquensis and two hylid frogs in Brazilian Cerrado. The first predation event with treefrog Boana caiapo occurred with success but, the second with B. albopunctatadid not. Connecting trophic links within an ecosystem requires in-depth knowledge of its species and their intraspecific interactions. In this context, records of the predation and predation attempts such as these may help to connect unknown trophic links, which helps to understand aspects of the natural history of the species involved.
Tracing method of Rare Earth Elements in surrounding rock of geological formation based on three-dimensional positioning algorithm
Authors: Lv Yan , Lu Laijun , Cao Mengxue
Published: June 2021

Because of the interference of mass spectrum and non-mass spectrum, the tracing accuracy of rare earth elements in the surrounding rock of geological formation is low. Pretreatment of test sample reagent, dissolution of test sample residue, characterization of rare earth element doped materials, analysis of mass spectrometry and non-mass spectrometry interference in rare earth element tracking, using three-dimensional positioning algorithm to track rare earth elements in geological strata surrounding rock. In the experiment, five samples of surrounding rock of geological strata are selected as experimental indexes. The experimental results show that the tracking accuracy of four rare earth elements is high.
Ausências e estereótipos no romance brasileiro das últimas décadas
Authors: Dalcastagnè Regina
Published: June 2021

O artigo apresenta e discute os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre os 689 romances de autores brasileiros publicados pelas mais importantes editoras do país entre 1965 e 1979 e entre 1990 e 2014. Os dados mostram que o romance brasileiro contemporâneo privilegia a representação de um espaço social restrito. Suas personagens são, em sua maioria, brancas, do sexo masculino e das classes médias. Sobre outros grupos, imperam os estereótipos. As mulheres brancas aparecem como donas-de-casa; as negras, como empregadas domésticas ou prostitutas; os homens negros, como bandidos. As mudanças ao longo do tempo, embora não estejam ausentes, não são de grande monta. Assim, o campo literário, embora permaneça quase imune às críticas que outros meios de expressão simbólica costumam receber, tende a reproduzir os padrões de exclusão da sociedade brasileira.
International recommendations on neonatal management with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: literature review
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Babintseva А.G. , Godovanets Yu.D. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Khodzinska Yu.Yu. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine,   MNI «Municipal Children's Clinical Hospital», Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Popeliuk N.O. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Koshurba I.V. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine,   MNI «Chernivtsi Regional Perinatal Center», Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a defect of diaphragm development which is characterized by herniation of the abdominal content into the chest resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension of various degrees. Mortality and sickness rates among survived children with this pathology remain high all over the world. Prenatal diagnostics of high quality will help to find neonates with severe CDH and promote mobilization of human and material resources for optimal management at the tertiary level of giving medical aid. Attention of specialists in prenatal ultrasound diagnostics should be drawn to the necessity of measuring observed/expected lung(to(head ratio and location of the liver in fetus. Optimal treatment of neonates during preoperative period is focused on mild ventilation, avoidance of oxygen toxicity, baro/volutrauma of a hypoplastic lung and cardiac support. Administration of pulmonary vasodilator therapy including inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporal membrane oxygenation is pathogenetically substantiated for patients with pulmonary hypertension, and surgical correction should be delayed till stabilization of patient's condition. Echocardiography is a critically important diagnostic method. It enables to determine severity of pulmonary hypertension and myocardial functional disorders, to find targeted systemic methods of treatment that improve hemodynamic function or decrease pulmonary vascular resistance. Considering an insufficient level of evidence of the existing international recommendations, large(scale multi(center randomized studies on investigation of the best methods to prevent, diagnose and treat neonates with CDH are essential. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: congenital diaphragmatic hernia; neonate; lung-to-head ratio; pulmonary hypertension; extracorporal membrane oxygenation.
Gilbert's syndrome in a newborn (a clinical case)
Authors:   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine, Fesenko M.Ye. , Tsvirenko S.M. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine, Scherban O.A. ,   ME «Children's City Clinical Hospital of Poltava City Council», Ukraine, Kozakevych V.K. ,   Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Poltava, Ukraine, Liebiedieva T.M. ,   MNE «Chernihiv Regional Children's Hospital», Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Purpose — to demonstrate the features of the course and treatment of Gilbert's syndrome in a newborn. Materials and methods. We present A clinical case of follow-up of a newborn with Gilbert's syndrome. The paper examines the features of the course and treatment of this disease. Results. Important is the fact that the difficulties in diagnosing Gilbert's syndrome in newborns are primarily due to current problems in neonatology, namely the diagnostics of pigmentary disorders that occur during bilirubin metabolism. The polymorphism of Gilbert's syndrome symptoms and the lack of a clear association with plasma bilirubin levels make it difficult to diagnose the disease, especially in newborns. The peculiarity of the course of Gilbert's syndrome in the given case is as follows: early onset of the disease (from the day of birth), the presence of high hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin — 189.2 μmol/l, direct bilirubin — 24.3 μmol/l, indirect bilirubin — 164.9 μmol/l), intermittent attacks of jaundice. The severity of the disease is also due to the transient condition of the newborn: hypoxic and ischemic lesions of the CNS, transient dysfunction of the adrenal cortex, open oval window, and the mother's failure to follow clear principles of treatment of Gilbert's syndrome in breastfed infants. Conclusions. The peculiarity of this disease is the fact that the mother is at risk of giving birth to a sick child due to a burdened hereditary history of the paternal line (Gilbert's syndrome). Therefore, it is necessary to provide medical and genetic counseling when planning the birth of a child to determine the degree of risk of birth with this disease. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: Gilbert's syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, a newborn.
Polina Evgenievna Zakharova
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kuznetsov E. D. , Salii S. V. ,   Ural Federal University, Polushina T. S. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: June 2021

The article is dedicated to the memory of Polina Evgenievna Zakharova (12.03.1940—28.09.2020), our Teacher, stellar astronomer, Candidate of Science in Physics and Mathematics, director of the Kourovka Astronomical Observatory of the Ural University (1982—2016), inspirer and organizer All-Russian student scientific conferences ”Physics of Space”, the author of the teaching-visual aid Calendar ”Astronomy”, a member of a number of professional councils and societies, a person selflessly devoted to her work — the development of astronomy in the Middle Urals and in Russia.
Deuterium fraction in cold dense cores in the star-forming region L1688
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Petrashkevich I. V. , Punanova A. F. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: June 2021

The work presents a study of deuterium fraction in cold dense cores in the low mass starforming region L1688. To study the deuterium fraction and its correlation with physical conditions in a cold dense core, we produced the observational maps of three pairs of species (N2H+ and N2D+, NH3 and NH2D, H13CO+ and DCO+) towards four cold dense cores. The observations were carried out with the IRAM 30m telescope (except for NH3 data taken from the GAS survey based on observations with GBT).
Mass calculation of asteroid collision probabilities: methods, pitfalls, comparison of results
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Balyaev I. A.
Published: June 2021

In this study, we consider the problem of calculating impact probabilities for a large number of asteroids. The effectiveness of three methods based on Monte Carlo is compared. The results are also compared with those obtained by the LOV method and published on the NASA website.
The three-phase astrochemical code: modeling of the molecular cloud composition
Authors:   Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Borshcheva E. V.
Published: June 2021

We describe the implementation of a three-phase astrochemical model (gas + ice surface + bulk) based on the two-phase Presta code (gas + dust surface) and provide results for calculating the molecular cloud composition. The two- and three-phase models produce significantly different chemical compositions. In particular, CO ice abundance in the three-phase model shows good agreement with the observational data, unlike the two-phase model.
Interstellar planets
Authors:   Russian Federal Nuclear Centre, Dryomova G. N. , Dryomov V. V. ,   Russian Federal Nuclear Centre, Tutukov A. V. ,   Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

The lecture is devoted to the study of the role of gravitational scattering in the evolution of planetary systems. This mechanism explains the origin of the Oort cloud and free asteroids, comets, and planets (ACPs) from the parent star.
Study of polarization properties of comets by themethod of aperture polarimetry
Authors:   Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Zhuzhulina E. A. , Savushkin A. A. ,   Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Petrov D. V. ,   Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS
Published: June 2021

An important source of information on the physical properties of small bodies is the polarization characteristics of the light scattered by these bodies. The most important polarization characteristic is the phase dependence of polarization. Over the next 2 years, 18 comets were observed. For many comets, polarimetric data have been obtained for the first time. Based on the results of observations, the phase dependence of the polarization of the comet continuum was plotted.
On the thermal atmospheric escape of π Men c
Authors:   Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalinicheva E. S. , Shematovich V. I. ,   Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pavlyuchenkov Ya. N. ,   Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

In this work we present the results of the modeling of exoplanet pi Men c upper atmosphere, produced using the previously developed one-dimensional self-consistent aeronomic model. The model used takes into account the contribution of suprathermal particles, which significantly refines the heating function of the atmosphere. The hight profiles of temperature, velocity and density were obtained, the atmospheric mass-loss rate was calculated. The presence of two hight-scales in the structure of the atmosphere was found: the first corresponds to a relatively dense stationary atmosphere, the second to a more rarefied corona.