bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Changes and Statistical Characteristics in PM-2.5 based on the Seasonal Management Data
Authors: Ahn Hyunjun , Kim Dongju , Kim Okgil , Lee Jae-Bum , Lee Daegyun
Published: September 2022

Objectives : This study aims to identify the changes and statistical characteristics of the observed concentration data of fine particles (PM-2.5), one of the air environment indicators, and to analyze the variability of observation data in South Korea based on the statistical significance of the observation data.Methods : We analyzed the changes and characteristics of daily average PM-2.5 observations based on descriptive statistics (the basic statistical and frequency analysis), and inference statistics (analysis of variance and post-hoc analysis) from December to March for the period 2015 to 2021.Results and Discussion : Through ANOVA analysis and post-hoc analysis, it was confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference in the observed PM-2.5 as of the winter of 2019. Before 2019, the frequency of observed data greater 30 µg/m;3 was relatively more than after 2019, and on the contrary, the frequency of observed data less than 20 µg/m;3 was smaller than after 2019. After 2019, the frequency of high-concentration observations greater than 50 µg/m;3 was insignificant, and on the contrary, the frequency of observations less than 20 µg/m;3 was more than before 2019. As a result, It’s an average difference of 7.5 µg/m;3 between before and after 2019, and it was reduced by about 24% compared to the average before 2019. Meanwhile, as a result of examining the weather influence (wind direction and wind speed) to analyze the causes of the observed data differences before and after 2019, no significant differences were identified between the two periods due to the influence of meteorological conditions.Conclusion : The observed concentration of PM-2.5 data set in South Korea showed variability as of the winter season of 2019 at the significance level of 5%. The variability could be more attributed to anthropogenic activities and socio-environmental changes such as COVID-19 rather than natural environmental factors such as meteorological factors. In order to more effectively manage air quality, it is necessary to identify social changes and their flows, and at the same time conduct continuous and systematic research such as data expansion and analysis technique development.
1928 Numaralı Rûznâmçe Defterine Göre Kıbrıs Livasında Timar ve Zeametler
Authors: TUNÇ Muhammet Nuri , IŞIKTAŞ Erkan
Published: September 2022

Teşekkül sürecinden kaldırılması safhasına kadar Osmanlı Devleti’nin önemli yapılarından olan timar, işleyiş usulleri, uygulanışı ve muazzam başarısıyla dikkatleri çekmiştir. Geleneksel bağlamda timarın ne anlam ifade ettiği ve nasıl işlediğine ilişkin çok sayıda kıymetli çalışmalar ortaya konulmuştur. Elbette ki bu çalışmalar, yapılan ve yapılacak çalışmaların temelini oluşturacaktır. Son yıllarda timar defterleri ekseninde yapılan çalışmalarla bu bilgiler destelenmiş ve yeni bulgulara kapı aralamıştır. Bilhassa rûznâmçe defterlerinin dilinin çözülmesi ve kaynaklık değerinin anlaşılması söz konusu defterlerinin kıymetini arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada da hem bu defterin önemine dikkat çekmek hem de Osmanlı’da timar mevzusuna katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın özelinde ise 1817 yılına mahsus bir timar yoklama defterinden hareketle Kıbrıs livasında bulunan timar ve zeametler incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda Osmanlı iktisadî ve askerî yapısının en önemli müesseselerinden biri olan timarın tarihsel arka planına değinilmiştir. Literatürden elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda incelenen arşiv kaydının analizi ve değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. İncelenen arşiv defteri, tarih araştırma metotlarına uygun bir şekilde günümüz Türkçesi’ne transkripte edilmiştir. Bu safhada ulaşılan bilgiler tematik bağlamda tasnif ve tahlil edilmiştir. Araştırma, 1817 yılında Kıbrıs livasında bulunan timarların nahiye ve karyelere dağılımı, timarların kimin tasarrufunda olduğu ve hangi gerekçeyle tevcihe maruz kaldığını ortaya koyması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Ayrıca çalışma, Kıbrıs örneğinden hareketle Osmanlı’da timar meselesine de katkı sunmaktadır.
UAV and TLS point cloud integration for the surface plant infrastructure of underground coal mines
Authors: Cao Cuong Xuan , Le Canh Van , Vo Dung Ngoc , Ta Huong Thu Thi , Ngo Cuong Sy , Dang Thuan The ,   Faculty of Geomatics and Land Administration, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam  Vietnam Natural Resources and Environment Corporation, Vietnam  Department of Natural Resources and Environment Di An City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
Published: September 2022

The surface plant infrastructure (SPI) of underground coal mines is one of important sets of underground mines as it includes essential objects, such as office buildings, structures and equipment used to load, receive, sort or process minerals; receive and discharge waste rocks; provide ventilation for tunnels and energy for mining operations. The measurement and collection of spatial data of SPI are important to ensure the safe and effective management and operation of mining activities in underground mines. A rapid development in geospatial technologies has facilitated the acquisition of geospatial data in the mining industry. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) are two of the typical geospatial technologies, which have made significant contributions to the field of geospatial data collection. While UAV photogrammetry allows to create dense point clouds with centimeter - level accuracy in a short time and large areas, TLS technology can produce dense point clouds with millimeter - level accuracy. However, the latter is time - consuming and expensive while performing on a large area. The integration of UAV and TLS data can be seen as a reasonable solution to gain the advantages of both and avoid the disadvantages of each technology. This paper presents the results of an integrated study of point cloud data generated by UAV and TLS for the plant infrastructure of the underground coal mine. Featuring structures in the study area include mineshaft tower, office and factory buildings. The results show that the UAV and TLS integrated point cloud data has millimeter - level accuracy for important objects such as mineshaft towers, while ancillary structures in the study area have centimeter - level accuracy.
Closed-form solution for determination of pore pressure field around horizontal wellbore
Authors: Tran Hung Nam , Nguyen Nga Thu Thi , Trieu Truong Hung ,   Le Quy Don Technical University, Viet Nam  Faculty of Electro-Mechanical, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam
Published: September 2022

Wellbores are usually located in saturated geological layers. The determination of pore water pressure field around the wellbore is necessary during the design calculation and drilling stages. This paper presents analytical approach to determine the pore water pressure field around a horizontal wellbore at deep geological layer that exhibits heterogeneous, isotropic or transversely isotropic behavior. Thus, the wellbore is considered to be in an infinite medium. The pore water pressure at the well wall, equal to the drilling mud pressure, together with the pore water pressure at infinity is assumed to be constant. The closed-form solutions are based on the theory of fluid transport in porous medium and the conformal mapping technique of the complex variable method. The closed-form solutions are established with the condition of transient fluid flow for the case of isotropic medium and with the condition of steady state fluid flow for the case of transversely isotropic medium. The accuracy of the closed-form solutions is validated by numerical solutions based on the finite element method. The obtained solutions can be used as tools to determine quickly and accurately the pore pressure field around the horizontal wellbore, which serves to evaluate the stability of the well wall in preliminary design of the wellbore, as well as the amount of water inflow into it. Furthermore, the closed-form solutions are also considered as reference solutions to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of numerical models.
Supervene of vesicovaginal fistula after open total hysterectomy with concurrently bladder repair in an outer unit: successful surgical management with robotic surgery and clinical follow-up
Authors: Nahya Ozdogar Ozgen , Celik Orcun , Ertas İbrahim Egemen
Published: September 2022

While vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is not common in developed countries, it is a significant health problem in developing countries. In developed nations, these fistulas are usually unfortunate complications of gynecologic or other pelvic surgery and radiotherapy. Once a vesicovaginal fistula is suspected, a meticulous vaginal examination should be performed to identify its size, location, and relation to the trigone. Even though there is no consensus on which approaches are better, surgical and conservative are two options. In terms of the surgical option, there are numerous approaches such as abdominal, vaginal, and minimally invasive surgery (i.e., laparoscopic and robotic). The treatment algorithm depends on surgeons’ training and experience, facilities, anatomical localization. Recently, minimally invasive surgery is preferred to provide low morbidity and higher success rate. Therefore, if it is suitable, patientsshould be referred to the tertiary care center and the treatment process management with a multidisciplinary team including the department of urology, radiology, interval radiology, and urogynecology.
Comparison of serum c-type natriuretic peptide levels in different genders: A pilot study
Authors: Özay Yusuf , Özay Ali Cenk , Edebel Oguzhan , Emekçi Özay Özlen , Türkcan Çavdarlı Yasemin , Duru Namık Kemal
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

Firstly we aimed to compare serum C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) levels in healthy male and female participants of similar age group and secondly to reveal the relationship between serum CNP values and ovarian function markers in women and sperm parameters in men.

MATERIAL and METHODS

In this prospective study, a total of 40 patients, who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Near East University Hospital were included. Of these, 20 were female and 20 were male participants. Serum CNP levels of the patients were analyzed for all participants. Day 3 serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) for female participants and semen samples after 3-5 days of sexual abstinence for male participants were evaluated.

RESULTS

Serum CNP levels were similar in both genders. There was only a moderate, but statistically insignificant negative correlation between serum CNP and FSH in female group. In the correlation analysis performed in the male group, no significant correlation was observed between serum CNP level and any semen analysis parameter.

CONCLUSION

We showed that serum CNP levels were similar between healthy women and men. There was no relationship between levels of serum CNP and reproductive hormones in the early follicular phase of menstruation in women, and semen parameters in men.
Variation in the Alcohol Components of Coffea arabica L. Wastewater Distillate Fermented Under Different Conditions
Authors: Morales E. , Chávez S. , García L. , Caetano A. C. , Veneros J. , Barrena M. Á. , Oliva M.
Published: September 2022

Coffee is the second-most consumed beverage in the world, and its high demand is covered by countries such as Peru, where the waste generated in production causes environmental pollution. We sought to determine the concentration of alcohol components and other volatiles compounds present in the distillate, after fermenting wastewater from the first wash in the wet processing of Coffea arabica var. catimor under five conditions: C1 (pasteurized + 0.325 g sucrose + 8.000 g S. cerevisiae), C2 = (pasteurized + 8.000 g S. cerevisiae), C3 (0.325 g sucrose + 8.000 g S. cerevisiae), C4 = (8.000 g S. cerevisiae), and C5 = (natural state). The solid-phase microextraction technique was used to determine the composition of the distillates by gas chromatography (GC). 35 components were detected, 11 of them under all conditions. Ethanol was the most abundant element in all five fermentation conditions. Condition 1 shows the highest value at 97.29 μg.mL-1, though all five concentrations can be considered high. This study shows that wastewater from the wet processing of coffee can have agro-industrial use as a value-added product. Postharvest Peruvian coffee is amenable to strategies aligned with the sustainable development goal of reducing food losses along production and supply chains.
Investigation on the Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater in a Sequential Batch Reactor
Authors: Ashraf Asad , Farooqi Izharul Haq
Published: September 2022

In the present study, the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater was carried out in a sequential batch reactor. A lab-scale column type reactor was fabricated with Perspex material having dimensions of 10 cm diameter, 100 cm height, and an effective volume of 7 liters provided with ports at different levels. The reactor performance was evaluated in terms of COD, BOD, TSS, TKN, and phosphorus removal. The reactor was operated for 432 days; the effectiveness of the reactor is the temperature of wastewater in the reactor. The removal efficiencies of COD and BOD were84% and 80% in the reactor. The maximum TSS removal was around 87% and TKN’s maximum removal efficiency was 61% in aerobic treatment. Phosphorus maximum removal efficiency was around 68%, in the meantime pH and alkalinity were also monitored, and no change in the pH was reported throughout the experiment. On the other hand, an aerobic SBR is also operated using wastewater after the DAF unit. In the same manner, the reactor was operated with initially diluted wastewater (05 times) and kept HRT 8 h. The reactor performance was studied in terms of COD, BOD, TSS, TKN, and phosphorus. The maximum removal efficiencies of COD and BOD were 80% and 81% respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies of TSS, TKN, and Phosphorus were 73%, 81%, and 69% respectively. It is concluded that the removal efficiency of COD was better in the anaerobic process as compared with the aerobic process in addition the generation of methane gas during the degradation of organic matter can be used for operating the aerobic unit by making some necessary arrangements. Besides this, it is also concluded that the removal efficiency of TKN was better in the aerobic process as compared with the anaerobic process. There was a buildup of VSS from 4500 mg.L-1 to 6500 mg.L-1 in the study.
Biomass Fired Thermal Power Generation Technology- A Route to Meet Growing Energy Demand and Sustainable Development
Authors: Bose Amarnath , Saini Devender Kumar
Published: September 2022

Energy derived from biomass is a very promising energy alternative especially when we compare the same with fossil fuels (coal, liquid fossil fuels, etc.) as the plants can absorb the carbon dioxide during the photosynthesis process and therefore can reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated from fossil fuels. Further, the utilization of biomass in various biomass-based thermochemical conversion technologies could help to convert waste bio-resources into bio-energy. This review paper provides an overview of various types of available biomass resources along with their chemical composition and physical properties and their utilization for the generation of power (electricity) as an alternative to coal for power generation from a Thermal Power Plant or useful form of heat or fuels/chemicals for various other industrial processes. It includes the merits and demerits of biomass-fired thermal power plants with reference to efficiency, environmental emissions, and logistics, supply chain and storage for biomass. These review papers attempt to bring forward the effective methods which could be adopted for the efficient utilization of biomass for the purpose of power generation from biomass-based thermal power plants. Further, this could also help to substantially reduce green house gas emissions and carbon footprint and help to achieve sustainable development goals.
Applications of Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Review of Methodologies
Authors: Chairat A. S. Nur , Abdullah L. , Maslan M. N. , Batih H.
Published: September 2022

A wide range of Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) methods for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been introduced in various academic literature in the last decade to address various issues, to use different calculable logic, producing different results and implications. A detailed review has not been carried out on the application of MACC in terms of types of emissions, country/sector, and methodology used. This study is aimed at identifying, interpreting, and clarifying currently available literature on MACCs development from 2010-2020 by reviewing the previous applicability of three analytic dimensions including Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission type, research objects, and modeling methodologies from top-down and bottom-up methods, providing researchers with information of past developments and future trends in this area. The result shows that CO2 is one of the most studied GHG emissions in calculating marginal abatement costs and some countries/regions have not received much attention from researchers in assessing emission reductions. Finally, the MACC bottom-up methodology focuses on the application of the engineering model method and the distance function method is a favorite in the application of the top-down method. Furthermore, this study also highlights possible research opportunities, which may lead to more successful and impactful results in future MACC studies.
Immobilization of Humic Acid on Bentonite and Its Application for Adsorption of Cs137 and Am241
Authors: Suseno H. P. , Warisaura A. D.
Published: September 2022

In the present work, immobilization of humic acid on bentonite and its application as an adsorbent of Cs137 (Cesium) and Am241 (Americium) is performed. The parameters studied are rate constant, adsorption capacity, and adsorption energy. This research started with the immobilization of humic acid on a bentonite surface followed by a stability test for immobilization of humic acid at various acidities. Adsorption of Cs 137 and AM 241 ions was conducted by first examining the optimum pH giving minimum complexed ions by the soluble fraction of humic acid and maximum adsorbed ions on the adsorbent. While adsorption energy and capacity were determined by the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The result shows that the amount of immobilization of humic acid on bentonite is 39.75 % (w/w) at optimum conditions. Immobilization of humic acid was stable up to pH 12.0. For both ions, optimum adsorption occurred at pH 5. At this optimum condition, the adsorption energies of 21.481 kJ.mol-1 and 22.276 kJ.mol-1 for Cs173 and Am241 are obtained, respectively. The result also shows that adsorption capacity and energy for Am241 were higher than that for Cs137 which indicates the affinity of Am241 for both adsorbents was higher than that of Cs137.
Bio-medical Waste Remediation by Environmental Safe Gelatin Coated Blood Sample Paper and its Effective Utilization
Authors: Jayakumar P. , Padmanabhan S. , Lilly R. , Suthendran K.
Published: September 2022

Sustainability in human development sets exact standards for the management of natural resources, including their extraction, use, and the introduction of waste products into a complex, inventive circuit as a consequence of exploitation. Because of the negative influence that medical waste has on the environment and people, it needs specific handling. Medical waste is increasing in amount all the time and has a wide range of consequences across a wide range of activity domains. This paper discusses various issues of the sustainable management of blood sample bio-medical waste and evaluates the properties of alternative samples which are made of gelatin-coated sample paper. A unique bar-coded paper-based blood sample method has prevented complications during blood tests and is much more environmentally friendly.
Evaluation of Phenotypic Responses of Selected Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Hexavalent Chromium Stress in Soil
Authors: Das B. K. , Das P. K. , Dash P.
Published: September 2022

The current work is designed to search for suitable rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars capable of growing on Cr(VI), hexavalent chromium contaminated soils. The study of tolerance and phenotypical changes of three selected rice cultivars like Bina Dhan 11, Kalachampa, and Pratikshya, at the seedling stages, was done under soil Cr(VI) concentrations up to 300 mg.kg-1 of soil. The 7-day seedlings of these rice cultivars growing on Cr(VI) treated soils were found to exhibit a significant reduction in shoot and root growth at p ≤ 0.05. The experimental results support that 7-day seedlings of Bina Dhan 11 were found to be the best among the three cultivars under soil Cr(VI) stress conditions. The present work may help in selecting suitable rice cultivar for paddy cultivation on Cr(VI) contaminated crop lands present in mining and industrial belts. Further work on this aspect may be useful in increasing rice productivity, catering to the increase in demand for food.
A Mini-Review on the Use of Constructed Wetland Systems for Water Treatment in Developing Countries
Authors: Nyika J. M , Dinka M. O
Published: September 2022

The predominant scarcity of water globally has necessitated the invention of non-conventional resources to bridge the clean freshwater demand gap. Even in areas where there is access to water, inadequate quality and sanitation are pervasive problems, especially in developing countries. Resolving these intricate water-related problems, which emanate from population increase, the rise of urbanization and industrialization has not been realized using modern cost-, energy- and water-intensive technologies. In light of these challenges, wastewater treatment is a viable solution to supplement limited water resources. Of the available eco-technologies used in wastewater treatment for reuse, constructed wetlands (CWs) have proved to be the most effective. In this review, CWs are confirmed as reliable and low-cost green technologies with high effectiveness in wastewater treatment compared to conventional technologies. Therefore, their application among rural communities of developing countries is practical and highly advisable.
Study on Adsorption Properties and Mechanism of Graphene Oxide (GO) by Kaolin
Authors: Song Xingjiang , Zhou Lin , Kang Haibo , Li Na , Wang Wei , Jiang Ping
Published: September 2022

Kaolin was used as an adsorbent to remove toxic graphene oxide (GO) from an aqueous solution. The adsorption properties and mechanism of GO by Kaolin were systematically studied by various characterization techniques and methods. The effects of pH, amount of absorbent, and initial concentration of GO on the adsorption of GO by Kaolin were studied in detail. The results show that the interaction between GO and Kaolin is realized by the O-C=O bond, and the adsorption of GO by Kaolin is a chemical adsorption process. Under the optimized conditions (pH=3, T=303 K, equilibrium time = 6 h, C0 = 60 mg·L-1), the removal rate of GO reached 97.1% (Kaolin=70 mg), and the adsorption capacity reached 45.3 mg·g-1 (Kaolin=50 mg). According to the experimental results, Kaolin may be a promising material, which can effectively eliminate GO from an aqueous solution. The results of this study provide key information about the migration and potential fate of GO in the natural environment.
A Study of Nutrient Removal Efficiency from Simulated Agriculture Run-off (SAR) Using Constructed Wetland Technology
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , Kaushik Anubha , Sharma Bhoopesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

In this study, a vertical flow constructed wetland in batch mode was examined for the removal efficiency of simulated agricultural run-off (SAR) using gravel and soil as substrates, planted with Canna, Typha and Eichhornia plant species in single and mixed culture conditions. From this study, it was found that the constructed wetland (CW) planted with Canna + Eichhornia plant species (mixed) showed maximum removal efficiency of the studied parameters, i.e. phosphates, nitrates and ammonical nitrogen to the tune of 99%, 96% and 98%, respectively of simulated agricultural run-off as compared to other studied CWs. Canna and Typha macrophytes showed higher biomass and chlorophyll content, indicating better tolerance in the mixed culture CW system. Treatment efficiency improved when longer hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were used. Maximum treatment efficiency was shown by hybrid CW, which included the properties of the horizontal flow (HF) and vertical flow (VF) type CWs.
Evaluation of Biodegradation Efficiency of Xylene Pretreated Polyethylene Wastes by Isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis
Authors: Kalia Arun , Dhanya M. S.
Published: September 2022

The ability of the bacterial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste by Lysinibacillus fusiformis isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was investigated in the present study. The potential of the bacterial isolate to utilize LDPE waste bags of two different thicknesses in a month as a sole carbon source in mineral salt media was assessed. Further, the effect of pretreatment by xylene on the bacterial degradation of LDPE waste bags (0.5 percent w/v) in 30 days was investigated. The isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis was able to degrade 9.51 percent of LDPE with 30 μm thickness but able to degrade only 1.45 percent of LDPE having 50 μm thickness. The bacterial biomass was 1.77 times higher on LDPE- 30 μm containing media in comparison to LDPE- 50 μm. The xylene pretreatment of LDPE wastes enhanced the biodegradation efficiency of isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis to 12.09 and 1.97 percent respectively in 30 μm and 50 μm thick LDPE bags. The xylene pre-treatment improved the bacterial growth on media with LDPE of both thicknesses. The adherence of bacterium on the surface of LDPE was found more on 50 μm thick xylene treated LDPE compared to its untreated LDPE than 30 μm thick LDPE films. The xylene pre-treatment of polyethylene waste had an additive effect on the biodegradation of waste LDPE films with a significant effect on thickness.
Approaches in Bioremediation of Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds – A Review on Current and Future Prospects
Authors: Sebastian Priyanka Mary , Bhaskara Rao K. V.
Published: September 2022

Waste generation is becoming increasingly prominent in the environmental arena due to the increase in population and living standards of life. Dioxin and Dioxin-related compounds are a set of hazardous chemicals that are ubiquitously distributed. Polychlorinated dioxins are introduced into our surroundings by both spontaneous and induced activities like combustion, incineration of waste, recycling of e-waste, and paper and pesticide manufacturing. They are chloroaromatic compounds that are found to be lethal and possess carcinogenic properties and are one of the primary examples of persistent environmental pollutants (POP). Removal of these compounds from the environment is very challenging due to their recalcitrant nature. An alternative technique is the use of microbial technology which includes the use of bacteria and fungi to detoxify the dioxins that are considered to be a more effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable alternative. Different microbial interactions were studied for their degradation potential. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furans (PCDD/F) are found to be degraded by bacteria by adopting either aerobic or anaerobic pathways and the details regarding the diversity, distribution, bioremediation potential, metabolic pathway have been analyzed. This review provides an overview of the source of contamination, its potential toxicity assessment, and various bioremediation techniques that are employed are discussed in detail. It also highlights the nanoremediation technique - a promising tool in which nanoparticles are used in the treatment of toxic organic pollutants.
Effects of Cadmium on Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Reed Leaves
Authors: Li Haifu , Guo Chengjiu , Su Fangli , Li Lifeng
Published: September 2022

Industrial polluted water has become an important water source for irrigation in the majority of constructed wetlands or even natural wetlands in China. The shortage of clean water resources has raised concerns about the potential accumulation of heavy metals, such as cadmium. Plants stressed by high levels of cadmium can increase the activity of superoxide dismutase. We have identified a positive correlation between the superoxide dismutase activity and the cadmium content of reed leaves in the wetland. Regression analysis confirmed that the superoxide dismutase activities fit a logistic curve. The logistic model was then applied to describe the superoxide dismutase activity, estimating parameters under different levels of cadmium stress. According to the findings, higher cadmium concentrations would cause the superoxide dismutase activity to increase at a higher intrinsic rate, have a lower environmental capacity k, and have lower inflection points. The dynamic model predicted an acceptable cadmium concentration of less than 3mg.kg-1. At this concentration, reeds could develop and grow satisfactorily in the presence of cadmium. Therefore, the concentration of cadmium in the irrigated water of polluted water in mine sites, papermaking wastewater, or other industrial wastewater should be less than or equal to 3mg.kg-1 to ensure the normal growth of reeds in related wetlands.
Estimation of Water Balance Components for the Watershed of Ghataprabha Sub-Basin
Authors: Bandi H. Akshata , Patil Nagraj S.
Published: September 2022

Evaluation of hydrological components in the water balance study is important in planning and maintaining a sustainable watershed to understand the hydrology of the river sub-basin/watershed. This study was carried out to estimate the water balance components in the watershed of the Ghataprabha sub-basin using the hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The river watershed was further delineated into 35 sub-basins comprising 542 hydrological response units (HRUs). A monthly calibration and validation study has been performed. Statistical model performance indicators, coefficient of determination (R2), and Nash & Sutcliffe (1970) efficiency (NSE) were used to correlate the monthly observed discharge data and monthly simulated discharge data. R2 of 0.75 and NSE of 0.63 for calibration and 0.7 and 0.65 for validation respectively, indicated the satisfactory performance of the model simulation on monthly simulation of flow. Monthly average water balance components (Precipitation, Evapotranspiration, Stream flow, Water yield) were estimated for the watershed.
Changes in Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometry of Leaf-Litter-Soil in Differently Stands Under ‘Plain Afforestation Program’ in China
Authors: Li Jie , Yao Da
Published: September 2022

Changes in land use might affect the combined C, N, and P stoichiometry in soil. The Plain Afforestation Program, which converts low-yield croplands or abandoned lands into forest, shrub, and/or grassland, was a famous land reforestation project in Beijing. To clarify the spatial distribution, stoichiometric characteristics, and controlling factors of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), four typical Plain Afforestation forests including Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabuliformis, Ailanthus altissima, and Salix matsudana plantations were selected in Yongding River plain afforestation area, Beijing. Leaf, litter, and soil C, N, and P concentrations and their stoichiometric relationships were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of N and P in the four plantations were in order of R. pseudoacacia>A. altissima>S. matsudana >P. tabuliformis in leaf and litter. Compared with leaves, the concentrations of C for P. tabuliformis were highest. The concentrations of N and P, as well as N:P for R. pseudoacacia plantation, were significantly higher than those for the other plantations. C and N concentrations were the highest in surface soil (0-10 cm), and C:N and C:P both demonstrated the trend of litter>soil in the plantations with the exception of S. matsudana. The total N concentration of leaf was positively correlated with that of litter in the four plantations. Overall, our findings suggested the growth of R. pseudoacacia, P. tabuliformis, and S. matsudana was mainly restricted by P, while that of A. altissima was constrained by N. In addition, it is a feasible method that uses nitrogen fertilizer when tending the artificial forest in the plain area.
Application of Material Flow Analysis to Municipal Solid Waste in Urban Areas in Developing Countries and Possible Solutions Under Circular Economic Framework
Authors: Hemali N. A. , Alwis A. A. P. De
Published: September 2022

"The understanding waste flow of a country is important to identify the main problems associated with waste management and identify opportunities in material flow management. A tool such as material flow analysis (MFA) is a widely used method in waste management studies, to provide a comprehensive analysis of material movements, support for material characterization analysis to identify the severity of a problem, identify the real root cause, and propose suitable management methods. This paper presents an application of MFA for municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Western provinces in Sri Lanka. The outcome includes the identification, and quantification of the main input and output flows of the system in the present context, from waste generation, collection, unaccounted and unidentified flows, material recovery, and final disposal of MSW. Results are evaluated under treatment mechanisms of Recycling, Reusing, and repurposing the materials. Overall results show per capita per day of waste generation in Sri Lanka stood at 0.43 kg, whereas, the Western province represents that 0.56 kg due to the high population area with the highest rate of urbanization. However, the global average per capita per day of waste generation stood at 2.22 kg. The material and energy recovery represent 31% and 33% respectively in the study area from total collected waste. 36% of the material finally ended up in open dumpsites even after collection. Further research needs to be done on material and energy recovery potential identification in dumping waste, as this can convert to valuable results with proper management practices with available resources."
The Impact of Textile and Clothing Export on Environmental Quality in Bangladesh: An ARDL Bound Test Approach
Authors: Khuky Mahmuda Akter , Hook Law Siong , Chin Lee , Bin Saari Mohd Yusof
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of Textile and clothing (T&C) exports on environmental quality in Bangladesh’s economy. The fact that Bangladesh’s clothing industry is one of the biggest T & C exporters in the world, justifies the importance of environmental evaluation in the case of Bangladesh’s T&C. In this regard, this study has used the yearly time series data of T&C sector exports, CO2 per capita, and ecological footprint per capita (EF) as a measure of environmental quality measurement from 1983 to 2019. The empirical investigation is carried out by applying the Autoregressive distribution lag model (ARDL) method. The findings of the study have identified the significant impact of the T&C industry on the environment of Bangladesh. The empirical findings demonstrate that T&C exports have made a significant positive contribution to environmental degradation in Bangladesh (both CO2 and EF). The study recommended that policymakers can introduce environmentally friendly ways of production. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, one should start a cleaner production while taking energy consumption and economic growth into account. Hence, the policy focuses on improving various aspects of production, especially green manufacturing to mitigate the adverse effect of the industry on the environment.
Salinity Prediction at the Bhairab River in the South-Western Part of Bangladesh Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Rasha Khan Md. Rabbani
Published: September 2022

Salinity is a significant ecological element that influences the kind of creatures that reside in a water body. Salinity also determines the types of plants that will grow in a water body or on land that is fed by a water body. Three models were generated using an artificial neural network to estimate the salinity concentrations in the Bhairab River. Different combinations of variables were used to train the model using sample values of temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), color, total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), and suspended solids (SS). The performance of the models was determined using the statistical mechanism root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of correlation (R), and determination coefficient (DC). ANN-2 model had the best performance which had the input variables electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total solids (TS). These three input variables were highly correlated with salinity. The correlation between the observed and the predicted values was also very high, the coefficient of correlation is 0.98 in validation. The RMSE value was very low for the model training and the value reduced even more after validation to 0.58.
Perspectives for the Use of Hydrogen Energy in European Countries
Authors: Krayev Vyacheslav M. , Tikhonov Alexey I. , Kuzmina-Merlino Irina
Published: September 2022

The most actual environmental problems in the XXI century are the following: global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions, energy production at coal, oil and power plants, air pollution, water pollution and waste recycling. Other environmental problems can be added to this short list, but the authors solve a specific task of promoting the idea of a promising “green” energy that will help humanity in conservation and development. European Union (EU) countries are planning to solve the main environmental challenges for the transition to low-carbon electricity by 2050. In many countries in the world every year there are more and more supporters of reducing emissions of carbon dioxide CO2, nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In recent years, EU has been consistently pursuing its own policy in the field of environmental protection, carrying out large-scale environmental measures. In Germany, United Kingdom (UK) and other European countries, a number of environmental initiatives are already gaining the status of state policy, which is being formalized in laws and regulations. Russian Federation acts on the world market as a leading country that produces and supplies significant energy resources not only to Europe, but also to many countries in the Asia-Pacific region. It is clear that the competitive stability of Russian energy companies significantly depends on the situation on the world energy market, but with the right strategy, Russia can actively influence the state of the entire energy market. With a confident leadership position, provided with significant natural, technological and human resources, Russian Federation has undeniable advantages over other energy-producing countries. It is Russia that can become the main supplier of clean energy for all other countries of the world, where tougher environmental requirements for energy generation are being cultivated. The authors of the study are considering the possibility of producing environmentally friendly hydrogen in Russia based on renewable energy sources (RES). The performed analysis shows the undeniable advantages of Russia in the export of hydrogen to other European countries.
How Livestock and Industrial Energy Affect Indonesia’s Surface Temperature
Authors: Widjanarko N. P. A. , Siregar A. P.
Published: September 2022

As part of the agricultural sector, livestock is a source of food for Indonesia and consumers abroad. Therefore, the demand for livestock commodities tends to increase, aligning with the positive growth of the population. Additionally, as part of their efforts to promote higher consumption, one of the attempts made by producers and the government as policymakers is to encourage an increase in the livestock population from time to time. On the other hand, the industrial sector that engages in processing likewise continues to expand to improve products downstream. However, the increase in the number of livestock and industries can contribute to the rise in emissions that impact environmental conditions. In this study, the environmental situation referred to is temperature variations. Moreover, this research aims to determine the impact of livestock population and energy consumption in the industrial sector on temperature changes. The method used in this research is explanatory. The data sources used for multiple linear regression analysis came from the World Bank, Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. The analysis reveals that large and small livestock, as well as energy use in the industrial sector are factors that have an impact on Indonesia’s temperature. Large and small livestock cause an increase in temperature due to the large number of emissions produced by enteric fermentation and excretion. Meanwhile, the rise in energy consumption is inversely proportional to changes in temperature. This condition occurred because of the higher proportion of renewable energy in total energy consumption.
Response and Environmental Adaptation of Plant Community to Periodic Flooding in the Riparian Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Authors: Zhang Guanhua , Sun Baoyang , Ren Feipeng , Li Hao
Published: September 2022

The plant is an important component of the riparian ecosystem, which could reflect both the environmental and functional characteristics of the riparian zone. Studies on species composition, diversity, community structure, distribution pattern, and adaptation strategies of plant communities in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) will help to explore the maintaining mechanism of the plant communities’ ecological function under severe water-level fluctuation. The paper reviewed the plant community characteristics, functional traits as well as their eco-physiological responses and environmental adaptations in this special ecological zone. Based on this, future research orientations in this field were also prospected, which may focus on the maintenance mechanism of the plant community, suitable plants selection and their adaptation mechanism, the relationship between plant functional traits and ecosystem functions, plant niche in the riparian zone, and the connectivity of riparian zone to the surrounding environment. The results can promote the correlational research on plant communities in the riparian zone and deepen the understanding of ecosystem services the riparian ecotone provides.
Strength Characteristics of Cement-Modified Iron Tailings and Their Adsorption on Graphene Oxide
Authors: Jiang Ping , Zhou Xuhui , Yang Jiandong , Zhou Lin
Published: September 2022

To explore the mechanical properties of cement-modified iron tailings (CIT) and its adsorption on graphene oxide (GO), the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests of CIT with 10% cement were carried out for 7 and 28 days. CIT adsorption of GO was carried out under the conditions of different pH, CIT dosage, and GO initial concentration. The micro characterization of CIT adsorption of GO was carried out by SEM, TEM, AFM, EDS, FT-IR, XRD, and XPS. The results show that: (1) the CIT strength of 28 d curing age is 1202 kPa is twice of 7 d. (2) At the same pH, the GO adsorption effect of CIT at 7 days curing age was better than that at 28 days. When pH is 6, CIT content is 50 mg, and GO initial concentration is 100 mg.L-1, CIT has the best adsorption effect on the GO, and the removal rate reached 93.5%. (3) Through microscopic characterization, it can be concluded that the bound water in the CIT structure and the asymmetric stretching vibration of the O-H bond in hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) are the main factors affecting the adsorption of GO. The above research results show that CIT not only has good strength properties but also has good adsorption properties for GO. CIT is a potential environmental treatment material.
Wirtschaft kompakt
Authors: Lendel Constantin , Groß Hermann , Andreas Heinz , Schreiber Bernd
Published: September 2022

Das wirtschaftliche Basiswissen der Oberstufe mit den relevanten Theorien und Modellen kurz und prägnant erklärt. Mit vielen Tabellen und Schaubildern. Aufgebaut an den Akteuren des Wirtschaftskreislaufs und somit für alle Bundesländer geeignet. Einführendes Grundlagenkapitel. Ideal zum Nachschlagen, zur Vorbereitung auf Prüfungen und Abitur; aber auch für Lehrer, um sich schnell in das neue Fach Wirtschaft einzuarbeiten und auch um Unterricht und Klausuren vorzubereiten. Mit operatorenbasiertem und nieveaudifferenziertem Fragenteil am Ende jedes Kapitels zum Üben oder zum Erstellen von Klausuren. Ein umfangreiches Stichwortverzeichnis erleichtert die Suche.
Politische Stadtrundgänge
Authors: Emde Oliver
Published: September 2022

Der Autor untersucht politische Stadtrundgänge, die als Lernarrangements von bewegungsbezogenen Organisationen konzipiert und für Schulen als Kooperation zwischen formeller und non-formaler Bildung angeboten werden. Von diesem besonderen Lernarrangement ausgehend werden gegenwärtig in der Fachdidaktik diskutierte Fragen von politischer Positionierung und Lernen in Aktion aufgegriffen und ein Einblick in die Praxis kritisch-emanzipatorischer politischer Bildung ermöglicht.
Damit werden politische Stadtrundgänge erstmals systematisch untersucht, ihre Relevanz für Bildungsprozesse aufgezeigt und ihr Potenzial für die Praxis erschlossen.
Analysis Of Sources And Use Of Working Capital At North Sumatra Bank For The 2019-2020 Period
Authors: Supardi Supardi , Khairiyah Imamah , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze and find out the results of the analysis of sources and use of working capital at Bank Sumut for the 2019-2020 period. This research uses descriptive analysis. The object of this research is the Bank of North Sumatra. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data in the form of company financial records at Bank Sumut in 2019-2020. Sources of data used in this study using secondary data sources. The results showed that there was an increase in working capital seen from the table of changes in working capital and the table of sources of working capital use at Bank Sumut, as well as an increase in working capital with quantitative concepts, qualitative concepts and functional concepts in 2019 to 2020.
Anti-Icing Engine Damage Analysis Boeing 737 - 800 Ng With Fault Tree Analysis Method
Authors: Pambekti Arif , Lukito Indro , Budiono Cyrilus Sukaca , Kurniawan Riski
Published: September 2022

An Anti-icing system is a system that aims to prevent the formation of ice when the plane is in the air. The formation of ice in aircraft is of great concern because an airplane flight will pass through the atmosphere, which will experience the formation of the ice at a certain altitude. The formation of such ice will cause a hazard to the aircraft. So that the ice protection system, namely the anti-icing system, is very concerned so that it is always in a serviceable condition. In this study, direct observation and fault tree analysis were used to determine the cause of failure of the Boeing 737-800 NG anti-ice system engine and anti-icing cowl inlet. The results of the analysis using the fault tree analysis method obtained essential events, namely: actuator fails, electrical connector disconnected, Control Selenoid Trouble, Regulator Trouble, Sense Line Connector Trouble, Engine Fault, Engine Control Trouble, Engine Duct Trouble, Panel Buttom Problem, EICAS Module Problem, No Source Electricity, Negative Electrical Source, Wiring Problem.