bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Quantitative Approach for Morphodynamic Assessment of Extreme Flood Event in Lokoja
Authors: Bebeji Zainab , Nwabueze Mogbo , Abdulhameed Mambo
Published: February 2024

Abstract – This study developed a quantitative approach for the morphodynamic assessment of River Niger at Lokoja. The study involves the collection of twenty-one years daily discharge and water level at the gauging station. The data were collated and outliers were removed. The missing data were fitted using the Least Square Method. The flood generating processes were investigated by computing the bankfull discharge of selected reach as well as collecting river bed samples at six (6) different locations along the river reach. Based on these, the specific gravity and mobile D50 and D90 of the bed materials were obtained. The preliminary investigation of the river morphodynamics was studied by computing the sediment transport parameters such as Shield parameter, bed shear velocity, sediment fall velocity amongst others. These parameters are significantly important due the high flow rate associated with the river. Based on criteria by two well-known sediment transport capacity formula, the river reach is characterized as sandy-bed River in line with Eugelund and Hansen’s Formula (E-H-F). The entire flow generation parameters and mobile river bed materials failed the Meyer and Peter- Muller criteria. Hence, the sediment transport capacity of the river was computed using (E-H-F). The results show that understanding the morphodynamics of the rivers play a significant role in the understanding of flooding.
Moringa oleifera as a potential antimicrobial against pathogenic Clostridium perfringens isolates in farm animals
Authors: Ibrahim Ghada , Altammar Khadijah
Published: February 2024

Background:
Clostridium perfringens (Cp) is an emerging anaerobic pathogen that can aggravate sever fatal infections in different hosts and livestock.
Aim:
This paper was designed to monitor the antibacterial efficacy of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) plant against different CP isolates of variant toxin genotypes comparing that with commercial antibiotics in veterinary field.
Methods:
Total of 200 examined fecal, intestinal and liver samples from cattle, sheep and goats were investigated bacteriologically and biochemically for C. perfringens. Then the isolates were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for toxin genes typing. Thereafter, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing as well as the antibacterial efficacy of M. oleifera were evaluated and statistically analyzed against recovered isolates.
Results:
The prevalence rate of CP was 51% (102/200); of which 54.5% was from cattle, 50% from sheep and 40% from goat. Moreover, all CP isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline and lincomycin drugs; meanwhile they were of the least resistance against ciprofloxacin (8.3%-16.7%), cefotaxime (16.7%-25%) and gentamycin (26.7%-33.3%). For M. oleifera, high antibacterial efficacy with greater inhibition zones of the plant was recorded with its oil (20-24 mm) and ethanolic extracts (16-20 mm) against C. perfringens than the aqueous extract (≤10 mm). A good correlation was stated between M. oleifera oil and toxin type of C. perfringens isolates particularly type A followed by D and B types. Interestingly, the oil and ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera gave higher antibacterial efficacy than most commercial antibiotics against the recovered isolates.
Conclusion:
This study highlighted the potent antibacterial properties of M. oleifera for suppressing C. perfringens isolated from farm animals; hence, more investigations on M. oleifera are suggested to support its use as a medical herbal plant substituting antibiotics hazards and resistance problems worldwide.
Antibacterial efficiency of apple vinegar marination on beef-borne Salmonella
Authors: Elbarbary Nady , Abdelmotilib Neveen , Bekhit Mounir , Salem Mohamed , Singh Soumya , Dandrawy Mohamed
Published: February 2024

Background:
Salmonella-related foodborne illnesses are a significant public health concern. Naturally, antibacterial food components have been shown to limit microbial growth proliferation with various degrees of efficacy.
Aims:
To examine the occurrence, microbial load, and the effect of apple vinegar on Salmonella serovars in beef and beef products.
Methods:
150 beef and beef products were collected between March and May 2022. Total viable count (TVC), Enterobacteriaceae count, isolation and identification of salmonella, and their virulence factors detection by multiplex PCR were determined and an experimental study of the effect of natural apple vinegar marination on Salmonella spp.
Results:
TVC was higher in meatballs (3.32×106±1.07×106) while beef burgers (4.22×103±0.71×103) had the highest Enterobacteriaceae count. Concerning the prevalence of salmonella spp., meatball (46.7%) and beef burger (25.3%) samples were the highest contamination rate. The commonly serovars detected were S. typhimurium (6%), S. enteritidis (6%), and S. infantis (4%). Based on the results of PCR, 12, 11, and 11 out of 18 samples of Salmonella isolates possess hila, stn, and invA genes. By immersing the inoculated steak meat in apple vinegar at different concentrations (50%, 70%, and 100%), the initial populations of the Salmonella strains after 12 h were reduced to 0.38×102±0.05×102 log CFU/mL; however, after 48 h become the most reduction (0.31×102±0.07×102 log CFU/mL) at a concentration of 100% apple vinegar. An enhancement in the sensory attributes was noted across all concentrations.
Conclusion:
The consumed beef and beef products are contaminated with pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella spp. Marinades made using apple vinegar concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% effectively minimized the prevalence of artificially inoculated Salmonella and extended the shelf life of preserved refrigerated beef products to 48 h.
Prevalence, molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Egyptian broiler chicken flocks with omphalitis
Authors: Shaheen Rania , Abasy Moshira , Sharkawy Hanem , Ismail Mahmoud
Published: February 2024

Background:
Bacterial Omphalitis has been reported as a significant cause of mortalities in newly hatched broiler chicks.
Aim:
This study aimed at assessment of the occurrence of omphalitis among broiler chicken in Gharbia governorate in Egypt. In addition, the bacteria associated with the occurrence of omphalitis in broiler chicken were also investigated and characterized.
Methods:
For this purpose, forty-three farms in that area were surveyed. The comparative levels of omphalitis caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were screened in 129 chicks. The drug resistance to eight commonly used antimicrobials in the Egyptian poultry farms was screened using the disk diffusion method.
Results:
The overall incidence rate of omphalitis was 37.21%. In birds with omphalitis, the co-prevalence of S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli was 87.5%. When compared to healthy flocks, broiler chicks with omphalitis caused by Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and S. aureus had a greater mortality rate in the first week of life. However, there were no significant differences in the mortality cases caused by these pathogens. Eighty-seven percent of the cases of omphalitis were linked to E. coli, and seventy-five percent to Salmonella spp. and S. aureus. From the yolk sac of broiler chicks with omphalitis, E. coli, Salmonella spp., and S. aureus were isolated at rates of 87.5%, 62.5%, and 45.8%, respectively. The isolates of E. coli and Salmonella spp. exhibited great sensitivity to Gentamycin and Tetracycline, however the strongest drug resistance was observed towards Cefpodoxime, Sulphamethoxazole & trimethoprim, Ampicillin, and Amoxycillin & Clavulanic acid. The recovered isolates of S. aureus showed susceptibility to chloramphenicol (72.37%), oxytetracycline (81.82%), and erythromycin (81.82%). However, every S. aureus isolate that was found resistant to amoxycillin and clavulanic acid, penicillin G and oxacillin. The existence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes has been proposed as the genetic cause of β-lactam antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. and E. coli. MecA and blaZ, however, were found in every strain of S. aureus.
Conclusion:
The frequency of omphalitis and its-associated mortalities was comparatively high in Gharbia governorate. More efforts should be done to adopt strict hygienic standards for controlling and preventing such disease and this will consequently lead to minimizing the use of antimicrobials in poultry farms.
Ameliorative effects of berberine and selenium against paracetamol-induced hepatic toxicity in rats
Authors: Shams Gamal , Allah Somia , Ezzat Raghda , Said Mahmoud
Published: February 2024

Background:
Paracetamol (PCM) overdosing induces hepatotoxicity, which can result in death if the dose is high enough and the patients are not given N-acetyl cysteine. Berberine (BBR) has a variety of biological proprieties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
Aim:
Assessment of the potential effect of BBR and selenium when used alone or together on the paracetamol–induced acute hepatic toxicity in rats.
Methods:
This research involved 40 clinically healthy mature adult male albino rats, their weights ranged from 150-200 g and housed in standard conditions. Our study involved evaluating the potential effect of BBR and selenium when used alone or together on the paracetamol–induced acute hepatic toxicity via estimation of the liver function tests, determination of the antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation markers, immune-modulatory effects, liver histopathological and immunohistochemical studies.
Results:
Co-treatment of BBR (150 mg/kg BW) with selenium (5 mg/kg BW) showed significant improvement in the liver function parameters, the antioxidant enzyme activities, reduction in the nitric oxide, lysozyme, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 levels, and marked elevation in the IgM levels.
Conclusion:
Altogether, BBR, Selenium or both augment antioxidant activity and alleviate the paracetamol-induced hepatic toxicity.
Ameliorative effect of Odontonema cuspidatum extract against testicular damage induced by sodium nitrite in rats
Authors: Elsawy Nesma , Elshazly Samir , Elkattawy Azza , Nasr Nasr , Almadaly Essam , Refaey Mohamed , Kahillo Khaled , Assas Mona , Abdo Walied , Hashem Aml , Abouzaid Tarek , Dourgham Doaa
Published: February 2024

Background:
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a chemical substance used to enhance taste, add color, and keep food products fit for consumption for a longer time. NaNO2 gives rise to a negative adverse effect on male reproductive function. Odontonema cuspidatum (OC) is a natural plant that possesses antioxidant capacity.
Aim:
Our research evaluates the potential beneficial effect of Odontonema cuspidatum extract on the harmful effects caused by NaNO2 on the testicular tissue and sperm characteristics of male rats.
Methods:
Four groups with a total of forty rats: the control, the NaNO2-received group, the OC-administered group, and the fourth group received both NaNO2 and OC. All groups were administered daily for two months. Sperm characteristics, testicular antioxidant status and histopathological changes were evaluated.
Results:
Coadministration of NaNO2 and OC, in comparison with NaNO2 alone, contributed to a notable enhancement in acrosomal integrity, decreasing sperm abnormalities and restoring serum testosterone levels. Moreover, such coadministration reduced the oxidative stress marker, MDA, and increased SOD in testicular tissue, lowering TNF-α gene expression, and increasing the expression of P450scc and StAR genes. Additionally, the NaNO2 and OC combination decreased the testicular histopathological changes and the Caspase-3 and PCNA immunoexpression in seminiferous tubules compared with the NaNO2 group.
Conclusion:
The extract of Odontonema cuspidatum exhibited the ability to decrease oxidative stress and ameliorate the detrimental effects caused by NaNO2.
Effect of the long-term use of a NOAEL dose of acetaminophen (paracetamol) on hepatic, renal, and neural tissues of aged albino rats
Authors: Aboshama Mirna , Abdo Walied , Elsawak Ahmed , Khater Abdelrahman
Published: February 2024

Background:
Paracetamol is one of the most popular drugs; it is used daily by many people especially the elderly, without a limitation on the length of the period allowed for continuous use. Harms from long-term use are less clear, particularly in extrahepatic regions.
Aim:
This study aimed to investigate whether using paracetamol at a NOAEL (non-observable adverse effect level) dose, known not to cause toxic effect, for long period can induce toxicity in aged male albino rats.
Methods:
A daily dose of 500 milligrams per kg body weight of paracetamol was given to adult male albino rats for 12 weeks. During this period, rats were sacrificed at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks to evaluate the toxic changes at several time intervals.
Results:
Chemical analysis revealed elevated serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, and declined level of total protein in N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-treated group; it also caused oxidative stress, as shown by decreased GSH, SOD, and elevated MDA in the liver, kidney, and brain. Histopathological examination demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolation and sinusoidal congestion with the development of single-cell necrosis in the liver. Renal tubular necrosis and glomerular atrophy, and ischemic neuronal injury, especially in the hippocampus were observed. the deleterious effects of APAP were increased in severity with increasing the period of treatment.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that acetaminophen in a subtoxic dose for a long period could result in mild toxic effects on the liver but more serious lesions in kidney, and brain.
The effect of butyric acid and nucleotides supplementation on broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) growth performance, immune status, intestinal histology, and serum parameters
Authors: Aziz Ahmed , Aziz El , Khairy Mohamed , Fadel Charbel , Giorgi Mario , Abdelaziz Ahmed
Published: February 2024

Background:
Butyric acid and its derivatives support the immune system, lessen inflammation, and lessen oxidative stress in broilers in addition to preserving gut homeostasis and epithelial integrity. Broiler performance has also been demonstrated to rise with the addition of nucleotides to the diet.
Aim:
The purpose of the study was to ascertain the effects of butyric acid and nucleotides added to feed on the overall performance, immunity, oxidant/antioxidant enzyme levels, intestinal histology, and hepatic functions of broilers.
Methods:
Four experimental groups of thirty chickens, each were used in the present study. The groups were assigned as a control group that received normal diet without additives, butyrate (B) group received the diet supplemented with butyric acid (250 g/ton feed), nucleotides (N) group received the diet supplemented with nucleotides (200 g/ton feed), and the fourth group received the diet supplemented with a combination of butyrate and nucleotide (BN) (250 g/ton B feed, and 200 g/ton N feed, respectively). Necrotic enteritis was produced in ten birds from each group to assess the immune-modulatory effect of these supplements, antioxidant status, intestinal histology and liver functions were measured in all experimental groups.
Results:
The addition of butyric acid and nucleotides to feed enhanced body weight, growth performance, hepatic functions, and antioxidant capabilities. Histological sections of the gut from challenged or unchallenged (with necrotic enteritis) groups in the BN group showed considerable improvement, as shown by strong proliferation in intestinal crypts and villus enterocytes.
Conclusion:
Nucleotides and butyric acid can be added to broiler feeding regimens to enhance growth and health.
Expression of recombinant Florida clade 2 hemagglutinin in baculovirus expression system: A step for subunit vaccine development against H3N8 equine influenza virus
Authors: Atwa Ahmed , Gomaa Lamis , Elmenofy Wael , Amer Haitham , Ahmed Basem
Published: February 2024

Background:
Equine influenza (EI) is a transmissible viral respiratory sickness of the Equidae family. Two viruses, H7N7, and H3N8 caused EI, however, H7N7 has not been detected for decades. H3N8 has circulated and bifurcated into Eurasian and American lineages. The latter subsequently diversified into Kentucky, South America, and Florida sub-lineages. Florida clade 1 (FC1) and Florida clade 2 (FC2) strains are the only circulating equine influenza viruses in the meantime. Immunization is considered the major means for the prevention and control of EI infection. Using disparate technologies and platforms, several vaccines have been developed and commercialized. According to the recommendations of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), all commercial vaccines shall comprise representatives of both FC1 and FC2 strains. Unfortunately, most of the commercially available vaccines were not updated to incorporate a representative of FC2 strains.
Aim:
The purpose of this research was to develop a new EI vaccine candidate that incorporates the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen from the currently circulating FC2.
Methods:
In this study, we report the expression of the full-length recombinant HA gene of FC2 in the baculovirus expression system.
Results:
The HA recombinant protein has been proven to maintain its biological characteristics by hemadsorption and hemagglutination tests. Moreover, using a reference-specific serum, the specificity of the HA has been confirmed through the implementation of immunoperoxidase and western immunoblotting assays.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, we report the expression of specific biologically active recombinant HA of FC2, which would act as a foundation for the generation of an updated EI subunit or virus vector vaccine candidates.
The impact of dietary probiotic supplementation on welfare and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Youssef Mohamed , Saleem Al , Ahmed Fayza , Said Enas , hamid Shereen , Gharib Heba
Published: February 2024

Background:
The usage of commercial probiotic products as alternatives to traditional antibiotics in fish culture is initiated to be a potential factor for Nile tilapia fish’s welfare and growth.
Aim:
The purpose of the current study is to show the influence of commercial probiotics (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) dietary supplementation at different levels on Nile tilapia welfare and growth.
Methods:
Apparently healthy fingerlings of Nile Tilapia with a total number of 120 with an average initial weight (26.2±0.3 g) were distributed into 4 groups (each group had 30 fingerlings). The 1st group (G1) was given a basal diet without additional probiotics. While other groups (2nd group (G2), the 3rd group (G3), and the 4th group (G4)) were given basal diets supplemented with different levels of commercial probiotics (1 g, 2 g, and 3 g of probiotics per kilogram of diet) respectively (15 fish in each sub group as replicate), in eight glass aquaria (30×40×100 cm) for 2 months as an experimental period.
Results:
The results revealed that the probiotic treated groups especially G4 (3 g probiotics /kg diet) showed a marked increase in the following behavioural patterns such as feeding and swimming behaviours, while G2 (1 g probiotic /kg diet) had an increase in the foraging behaviour compared with G1 control group. While surfacing, body care, and aggressive behaviours with its all patterns were the highest in control group (G1) than the all probiotics treated groups. Crossing test showed that fish rose at the probiotic treated groups (G3, and G4) were more active and could achieve the highest growth rates. While, water quality was better in G4 (3 g probiotic /kg diet) than other groups. Moreover, G4 (3g probiotic /kg diet) showed a marked increase in all serum biochemical parameters than the control group (G1).
Conclusion:
The current study proved that the best level of commercial probiotics (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) was (3 g probiotic/kg diet) for achieving optimal Nile tilapia fingerlings’ growth performance under these experimental conditions. Finally, this work confirms the significance of addition of probiotics as a feed additive to enhance both growth performance and immunity response, improve water quality and achieve welfare of Nile tilapia fingerlings.
Individual genomic loci, transcript level and biochemical profile of immune and antioxidant markers associated with genetically identified bacterial mastitis in Shami goats in Egypt
Authors: Ebissy Eman , Darwish Asmaa , Hafez Amani , Ateya Ahmed , Sayed Ahmed
Published: February 2024

Background:
Mastitis in goats is unquestionably a grave concern, with far-reaching implications for both animal well-being and productivity, while also presenting a potential threat to public health.
Aim:
The study aimed to compare between culture methods and multiplex PCR (m-PCR) in detection of the most 3 common mastitis causing pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Streptococcus spp) and investigating the gene expression, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), serum concentrations of immunological and antioxidant indicators linked to mastitis in Shami goats.
Methods:
One hundred Shami does (fifty Shami goats with clinical mastitis and fifty normal goats taken as control group). The culture methods and m-PCR analysis were used to find the bacteria in the milk samples.Blood samples were obtained in order to assess some hemato-biochemical parameters, detect SNPs, and determine the expression of certain immunological and antioxidant indicators in the genes.
Results:
Culture method detected the pathogens causing mastitis in 90% of the milk samples, but m-PCR detected them in 100% of the milk samples. SNPs linked to mastitis resistance/susceptibility in examined does were detected through DNA sequencing of immunological and antioxidant indicators. Magnitude of gene expression varied significantly between the resistant and mastitis affected groups. Significant (P˂0.05) elevations were noticed in WBCs count, mainly neutrophils count, serum levels of BHB, NEFA, triglycerides, LDL-C, AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, total protein, globulin, Ca, K, GPx, MDA, acute phase proteins and cytokines in mastitis affected does as compared to control. While RBCs count, PCV%, lymphocytes count, serum concentration of glucose, cholesterol, HDL-C, albumin, Na, Cl, P, GSH, SOD, catalase significantly (P˂0.05) diminished in mastitis affected does compared to healthy ones. APPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines scored high sensitivities and NPVs but TNF-α and SAA had the highest percentages of increase.
Conclusion:
The study confirmed that m-PCR is the most sensitive method for bacteria identification (S. aureus, E. coli and Strept. spp.) while SNPs in antioxidant and immunological genes may be important genetic indicators for mastitis risk or resistance in Shami does. In order to establish an effective management plan and forecast the most sensitive risk time for illness onset, gene expression profiles of the tested genes may also be employed as proxy biomarkers. TNF-α and SAA may be precious indicators for detection of caprine mastitis.
Bacteriological evaluation and advanced SYBR-green multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of minced meat adulteration
Authors: Sheikh Soad , Whab Reham , ElDaly Rania , Raslan Mona , Fahmy Hanan , Demerdash Azza
Published: February 2024

Background:
Minced meat is a valuable source of nutrients, but it is vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms commonly present in the environment. Additionally, there is a risk of adulteration with cheaper meat sources, which can be harmful to consumers.
Aim:
It is crucial to identify meat adulteration with distinct microbiological analysis for legal, economic, religious, and public health purposes.
Methods:
A total of 100 minced meat samples were collected from several markets in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. These samples were then subjected to bacteriological testing and an advanced multiplex PCR method. This method enables the detection of bovine, equine, porcine, and dog species in meat samples with just one step.
Results:
The adulterated samples had a higher total bacterial count and pH values compared to pure bovine meat. These differences in bacterial count and pH values were statistically significant, with p-values of 0.843 (log10) and 0.233, respectively. The frequency of E. coli occurrence was 13%, and the O111 serotype was predominant in the adulterated samples. Listeria monocytogenes and S. aureus were isolated with prevalence rates of 3% and 29%, respectively. Besides, the SYBR-green multiplex real-time PCR assay used in this study detected adulteration with dog, equine, and porcine meats in the examined samples at rates of 9%, 5%, and 4%, respectively.
Conclusion:
This method provides a sensitive and specific approach to detect issues related to well-being and safety.
Expanding the Horizon of Learning Applications: A Study on the Versatility of Prompting Architectures in Large Language Models
Authors: Delgado Solorzano Cecilia , Toxtli Carlos
Published: February 2024

This paper presents an exploration of the versatility of prompting architectures in large language models (LLMs), expanding the horizons of their application in learning and language interfaces. By leveraging the expansive capabilities of LLMs, this research probes the potential for creating structured prompts that can simultaneously support multiple use cases, namely paraphrasing, grammatical syntax guidance for introductory sentences, and conducting experiential conversations in a foreign language. In this study, we delve into the specifics of enabling such technology, including the design of the prompting architecture, the deployment process, and the intricacies of applying the same structure across diverse applications. An extensive field experiment incorporating interfaces powered by LLMs using this structured prompt has been conducted to evaluate the model's efficiency in real-world scenarios. Results from the field experiment highlight the promising adaptability of these prompting architectures, revealing remarkable efficiency across the multiple use cases explored. Furthermore, this research uncovers a new dimension of flexibility in the design and deployment of learning applications using LLMs, potentially revolutionizing language learning interfaces by establishing a one-size-fits-all solution. This paper aims to stimulate further research into refining and expanding the potential of LLMs, encouraging the exploration of how artificial intelligence can optimally benefit language learning and related applications.
ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: Malleswari K , BramhaReddy D. Rama , Rajeswari K
Published: February 2024

Abstract:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory skin disease with a wide range of severity, and is usually the first manifestation of atopic disease. It is one of the most common skin disorders in developed countries, affecting approximately 20% of children and 1–3% of adults. Symptoms such as eczematous papules, plaques, and itch, and their associated consequences, such as sleep disturbance, can significantly impact the quality of life of the patient and family. Key words: atopic dermatities, epidemiology,phenotypes,clinical features
Sacred Spaces as Centres of Urban Regeneration
Authors: Zama Mariya , Bhardwaj Yogesh
Published: February 2024

Historically, it has been recognised that urban religious spaces hold great significance in the majority of city centres and ancient cities, serving as unifying forces within the urban environment. Nevertheless, as time passes, these areas progressively diminish in value and significance, transforming into degeneration zones characterised by crime, unmaintained green spaces, and urban voids. While these locations possess the capacity to serve as catalysts for urban renewal throughout the entire city, given their status as vital thoroughfares in historic towns, they must regain their significance and provide the city with social spaces, open spaces, and economic development. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the influence that religious spaces have had on the revitalization of Old Cities. The fundamental approach to research involves examining the instance of Jammu Old City. The Urban Religious Spaces of Jammu are crucial to the evolution and morphology of the city. These areas of the city have historically served as hubs for public and communal activities. However, this significance has diminished over time, resulting in the emergence of a scarcity of social spaces within the city. Restoring the city's urban communal spaces would enable it to fulfil its social, economic, cultural, and environmental requirements, in addition to regaining its former reputation as the "city of temples." Keywords : Urban regeneration, urban religious spaces, Sacred Spaces, Jammu, Temples of Jammu.
Raspberry Pi Green Medic (Smart Disease Detection and Healing for Healthy Plants)
Authors: Sharubala D.Sushma , Poornimaa S.A.Janani , Hemavathi D.
Published: February 2024

Green plants are very much important to the human environment; they form the basis for the sustainability and long term health of environmental systems. Thus it is very important to grow healthy plants. The plant disease could be cured if it is known in the earlier stage. In this project, we have proposed a system using raspberry pi to detect healthy and unhealthy plants and alerts the farmer by sending email. It can be used in an controlled environment farms such that it detects the signs of disease whenever they appear on the leaves of the plant. A system for detecting and stopping the spread of plant diseases was discussed. For image analysis, the Open CV algorithm was employed. It may be used in large harvest ranches since it has a variety of target locations, and it does this by naturally identifying disease symptoms on plant leaves. Because it has the benefits of monitoring crops in the field in the form and therefore automatically detecting disease signs by image processing using an algorithm
Hostos Online Learning Assessment (HOLA) Follow-Up: Student Perceptions in Two Cohorts
Authors: Wolfe Kate S. , DiSanto Jacqueline M. , Poma Iber , Rodriguez Wilfredo
Published: February 2024

Student perceptions of online learning are integral to building upon current bestpractices and also gauging the preparedness of the students for the online learning environment, particularly in an urban, Hispanic-serving community college (Wolfe et al., 2016). Hostos Community College (HCC) was founded 50 years ago as part of the City University of New York (CUNY), and is located in the South Bronx, the poorest congressional district in the country. HCC enrolls approximately 7,200 students, and more than half (5,070) are enrolled full time. Sixty- three percent of students reside in the Bronx, and many come from families who reside below the poverty line. Almost 67 percent of students identify as female, and the vast majority of students (81 percent) are 29 years old or younger, with 47 percent 21 years of age or younger. Students at Hostos are ethnically diverse. Nearly 60 percent identify as Hispanic, 21 percent as Black, and 18 percent as Other/Unknown. Three percent identify as Asian and less than two percent as White. The majority of first-year students are enrolled in developmental or remedial courses (Hostos Community College, Office of the President & Office of Institutional Research and Student Assessment, 2018). Hostos is categorized under the Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSI) program authorized by Title V of the Higher Education Act of 1965 and has received grants as a Hispanic- serving institution under the Department’s Office of Postsecondary Education (Minority Institutions, n. d.).
Las Competencias del Docente para Dictar Cursos en Línea en una Institución de Educación Superior en Puerto Rico
Authors: Ríos-Steiner Alma I.
Published: February 2024

El propo?sito de este estudio cuantitativo fue determinar las competencias del docente en li?nea en una institucio?n de educacio?n superior ubicada en Puerto Rico desde la perspectiva del docente y del estudiante. Durante el an?o acade?mico 2015-2016, en la se aplico? un cuestionario a los docentes para determinar sus necesidades en cuanto a formacio?n en pedagogi?a virtual; ma?s del 65% sen?alo? que deseaba recibir capacitacio?n en herramientas tecnolo?gicas. En consecuencia, resalta la importancia y necesidad de formacio?n de los docentes en li?nea para ofrecer una instruccio?n de calidad.
تفسیر موضوعی : تاصیلیت، ارتقاء اور اہم مناہج کا جائزہ
Thematic Exegesis: An Analyses of its Origins, Evolution and Significant Methodologies
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Khagga Feroz Ud Din Shah
Published: February 2024

Historically, in every era knowledge of Quranic exegesis has remained under the particular tendencies of aesthetic taste of that period. As the tide of time took a turn, a new style and approach to the exegesis of the Quran surfaced. The rapid and limited time of our age drove the noble Mufassirun to simplify and make the exegesis of the Quran comprehensible and facilitating for people. This approach, known as the Subjective (Thematic) Method, involves gathering and grouping Quranic verses according to their themes and then explaining through commentary and elaboration so that a reader can understand numerous verses of the Quran at once. Hence, the style and manners of every Mufassir seem different from others. However, it is broadly evident from the critical analysis of exegetical services rendered by great. Exegetical experts that the style of the majority of them is influenced by Quranic text, its interpretation, explanation and derivation which highlights their scholarship. And this exegetic style reflects from beginning to end in these exegeses. Although this method was partially found in the exegesis of classical Mufassireen and forebears by chance but it was not formally organized and principled. Current construction didn't develop until the 20th century AD or the 14th Hijri. Islamic scholars introduced this approach and developed and established its tenets in the fourteenth Hijri century. Following these rules, a list of subjects is created after a thorough analysis of Quranic verses to determine thematic subjects. The verses that are mentioned in connection with these topics are compiled from various chapters and sections, giving readers a thorough study of the Quran according to their tastes. In conclusion, an attempt is made to comprehend the divine design and purpose of the address.
امام حمد بن محمد الخطابی (م388ھ) بطور ایک مفسر قرآن: چند شواہد
Imam Hamd ibn Muhammad Al-Khattabi (D. 388AH) as an interpreter of the Holy Quran: Some Precedents
Authors: Malik Khalil Ur Rehman , Abbasi Abdul Hameed Khan
Published: February 2024

This Article is to discuss that although Imām Hamd bin Muhammad, Al-Khattābī (D. 388 AH) did not write any specific book regarding interpretation and explanation of the Qur’anic verses but his commentary & interpretive points on Qur’anic verses found in his books, have been utilized, adverted and quoted by the prominent and renown scholars in the field of tafsīr in their commentary books. They considered him as a mufasīr. Some evidences & precedents are hereby presented from their books. Imām Al-Khattābī used admitted principles& different methodologies of tafsīr while describing these interpretive points. His exegetical points consist on both kinds of tafsīr i.e tafsīr bi-al-ma'thur(tafsīr bi'r-Riwayah or received tafsīr) and tafsīr bi-al-ra'y(tafsīr bi'd-dirayah or tafsīr by opinion). So, the utilization of Imām Al-Khattābī s exegetical and interpretive points by the well-known and famous commentators of the Holy Quran in their books, is the sufficient and authentic argument and proof which is discussed here that his work on interpretation of Qur’anic verses as well as Uloom-ul-Qur’ān may be appreciated and Imām Al-Khattābī may righteously be considered as a commentator of Holy Quran or Mufasir.
حدود و قصاص میں عورتوں کی گواہی: فقہی آراء کا تجزیہ
Women's Testimony in Hadūd and Qisās: An Analysis of Jurisprudential Opinions
Authors: Shah Moazzan
Published: February 2024

This topic explores the evidence of women in Hadūd and Qisās, which are legal concepts in Islamic law. In the judicial system, testimony or eyewitness evidence plays a vital role in solving criminal cases. Hudood refers to punishments prescribed for certain crimes, such as theft, adultery, and alcohol consumption, while Qisās pertains to the principle of retribution or equal punishment for crimes involving bodily harm or murder. The objective of this study is to examine the presence and role of women within these legal frameworks.

Through an analysis of Islamic jurisprudence and historical sources, this research aims to provide an overview of the evidence regarding women's involvement in Hadūd and Qisās.

By examining legal interpretations and scholarly opinions, this study seeks to shed light on the evidence of women within the context of Hadūd and Qisās. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the role of women in Islamic legal systems and the potential implications for gender equality and justice.

Overall, this research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the evidence of women in Hadūd and Qisās, highlighting the complexities and nuances of their involvement within these legal frameworks.
Career Persuasion Attitude and Anuptaphobia: The Moderating Role of Exposure to Romantic Media Contents
Authors: Naseem Zargunna , Batool Saima
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study was to explore the association between career persuasion attitude and anuptaphobia and to see the moderating role of exposure to romantic media content between these variables among unmarried women. Unmarried women (n=282) aged 25-35 (M = 26.24, SD = 1.45) were collected from universities. The sample was purposive taken from Lahore, Pakistan. A correlational research design was used for the study. Career aspiration scale-R (Gregor & O'Brien, 2015), perceived realism scale (Rubin, 1985), fantasy rumination scale (Segrin & Nabi, 2002) and fear of being single scale (Speilmann et al., 2013) were used to collect data. Results revealed a non-significant correlation between career persuasion attitude and anuptaphobia. However, a significant positive correlation between romantic media content and anuptaphobia was found. Regression analysis showed that the number of hours spent on romantic media and its exposure to romantic content was the predictors of anuptaphobia. Regarding the moderation analysis, exposure to romantic media was not a moderator between career persuasion attitude and anuptaphobia. However, findings of the t-test revealed significant educational aspiration and anuptaphobia among the PhD and M Phil groups. The research highlighted the importance of balanced media consumption as this could potentially help reduce anxieties related to being unmarried.
Consumer’s Automobile Purchase: A Concept
Authors: Mehmood Khawaja Asif , Hassan Junaid ul , Hassan Afraz , Arshad Muhammad Waseem , Batool Sania
Published: February 2024

Acquiring a vehicle involves a multifaceted decision-making process encompassing individual preferences, financial considerations, lifestyle choices, and brand perceptions. Also, the income level plays a pivotal role in shaping consumers' ultimate intentions regarding car purchases. Hence, the need is to delve into such determinants which are foreseen to influence consumer purchasing decisions for automobiles, especially in Pakistan, where the automobile industry is on the verge of life due to peoples’ shift of intentions towards the basic needs of life rather than the purchase of a car. For better results, the study on this topic can rely upon the survey analyses based on quantitative questionnaire-based interrogation of the interfering variable, which causes to finalize the car purchasing decision. This view of research holds significance for policymakers in Pakistan's auto sector, offering a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between product attributes, pricing, after-sales service, product quality, brand loyalty, and consumer purchase intentions.
The official Greek version of the National Institutes of Health - Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies
Authors: Stasi Stasi , Akermanidis Theologos , Karamouza Paraskevi , Stasinopoulos Dimitrios
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was the official translation into Greek of the “National Institutes of Health - Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies” (NIH-QATOCCs) proposed by the American National Institutes of Health. Materials - Method: Official permission for translating the original NIH-QATOCCsS questionnaire and its guidance was given by the American National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The adaptation of NIH-QATOCCsS into Greek followed Brislin's classic back-translation model, which included: (a) back-translation method, (b) bilingual technique, (c) committee approach, and (d) pretest procedure. Results: After completing all the required procedures, the final Greek version of the NIH-QATOCCsS was approved by the present study's authors. Conclusions: The NIH-QATOCCsS is a detailed tool, easy to use, with clear guidance, and its Greek translation is available for scientists and students writing in Greek, systematic reviews that include observational cohortcross-sectional studies. keywords : Observational study, Methodological quality, Assessment, Systematic review
Editorial: The effect of Cyriax method on the treatment of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy
Authors: Stasinopoulos Dimitrios , Giannikou Efstratia
Published: February 2024

Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) is the most common chronic disease of the elbow joint [1], affecting almost 1-3% of the general [2, 3]. Its incidence increases with age and is highest in the 35-60 age group [2, 4]. Extensor carpi radialis brevis’ tendon is the most common structure affected by LET [5]. There is a continuous cycle of minor injuries and constant attempts to repair the damage, causing in progressive degeneration [6,7]. Consequently, a domino effect of changes occurs in the peripheral nervous system neurons, ultimately resulting to the sensitization of the central nervous system [3, 8]. Treatment for LET includes a wide variety of techniques, due to the complexity of the condition. Scientific evidence on the efficacy of the various techniques is of poor quality [9], which hampers the choice of the right therapeutic plan [10, 11]. The Cyriax method was empirically developed by James Cyriax as a therapeutic approach to connective tissue damage [12]. It is an inseparable combination of deep transverse friction (DTF) and Mill’s manipulation [13, 14]. This approach aims to the passive mobilization of soft tissues, preparing them to endure load. The regenerative process is boosted and the mobility of the damaged tissue is restored through pain reduction [12, 14]. Despite the fact that clinical experience supports the use of Cyriax method on LET, the results of systematic reviews show that it is not superior to other approaches indicated for this condition [15-17]. At the same time, there is no consensus on how to apply the method, which leads to a lack of standardization of the relative protocols [12]. In addition, great diversity is observed in the methodological design, the instruments and methods of evaluating the variables (pain, functionality) [12]. The disagreement on DTF procedures and the awareness that physiotherapists’ performance may be affected by the lack of understanding of Cyriax’s conclusions motivated the development of this thesis: The primary aim is to analyze the application parameters of the Cyriax method, as well as its effect on the symptoms of LET, by documenting how physiotherapists in Greece use the method. Moreover, and in line with the latest findings [18], a psychometric evaluation of LET will be included in this thesis. Kinesiophobia is an outcome measure that should be considered, as it is affected by LET [18-20].
Digital education: new paradigms for teaching
Authors: Lima Rayner Max Fernandes , Da Silva Antônio Veimar , Vieira Patric Devyd Gomes , Nogueira Annyella Kássia , Dias Eliane Carvalho Vidal , Loureiro Valéria Jane Siqueira , Amaral Lucimar Venancio , De Sousa Helan
Published: February 2024

From the advent of the internet to the latest innovations in artificial intelligence and virtual reality, it is essential to identify and understand the technological changes shaping this educational landscape. Thus, the general objective of the research is to analyze how the adoption of Digital Education as a new paradigm in teaching impacts the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process, considering the specific challenges faced by educators in the integration of these innovative practices. Regarding the methods, a literature review with a qualitative approach was used. It is concluded, therefore, that Digital Education emerges as a catalyzing tool for a more effective education, preparing students for the challenges of the 21st century.
The convention on the rights of the child: a legal turning point
Authors: Da Costa Otávio Barduzzi Rodrigues
Published: February 2024

Among all countries, Brazil is an emblematic and pioneering case. With the creation, in 1990, of the Child and Adolescent Statute, it is the first time that the term minor has been revoked, replacing it with the category of “child and adolescent” and which is replaced by a guardianship policy with full protection. Considered a virtuous and avant-garde model of substantial revision of the legal corpus that implements the principles of the Convention, this reform was strongly associated with the process of returning to democracy. However, the symbolic importance of the Statute, considered as a product of the values ​​emanating from a new modern, free and democratic society, somehow sacrificed it by preventing any criticism, including constructive, of this law and, therefore, any improvement. This code remains the frame of reference today.
Bibliometrics: what is it? What is it used for? And how to do it?
Authors: De Sousa Milena Nunes Alves , Almeida Elzenir Pereira de Oliveira , Bezerra André Luiz Dantas
Published: February 2024

Bibliometrics is a method that enables the quantitative mapping of scientific information found in scientific literature. This work aims to provide an overview of Bibliometrics and guidance on the step-by-step process for its construction. For this purpose, a narrative review was conducted between December 2023 and January 2024, using virtual research platforms and databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, the National Library of Medicine, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online. No criteria for material selection restrictions were adopted for data collection; however, the texts should focus on literature reviews, especially in Bibliometrics. This article is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students in various fields of knowledge. It may also facilitate students' understanding of bibliometric analyses, contributing to the increase in the volume of scientific publications adopting Bibliometrics as a method and aiding in the accumulation of scientific knowledge and visibility in the scientific community.
Energy and ecological optimisation of belt conveyors operation
Authors: Szczeszek P. , Jastrząb A. , Karkoszka T. , Prusko A.
Published: February 2024

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Computer simulation of the relationship between selected properties of laser remelted tool steel surface layer
Authors: Bonek M. , Śliwa A. , Dziwis A. , Tilova E.
Published: February 2024

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Phase transformations in Ni-rich additively manufactured NiTi alloys
Authors: Ratajski J. , Bałasz B. , Mydłowska K. , Pancielejko M. , Laskowska D. , Szparaga Ł.
Published: February 2024

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Eco-friendly production of foamed geopolymers based on mine waste
Authors: Figiela B. , Bąk A. , Hebda M. , Korniejenko K.
Published: February 2024

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Influence of spices-waste filler on the physical properties of silicone-based composites/Effects of spices-waste filler on the physical properties of silicone-based composites
Authors: Joszko K. , Jureczko M. , Ošlejšek M. , Gzik-Zroska B. , Gzik M. , Mrówka M.
Published: February 2024

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