bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The house of Marko Stojanović (1885): The first independent work of architect Konstantin Jovanović in Belgrade
Authors: Kadijević Aleksandar
Published: January 2021

The first independent work of the Viennese architect Konstantin A. Jovanović (1849-1923) in Belgrade, the house of solicitor Marko Stojanović at 53-55 Knez Mihailova Street, built in 1885, signifies the Europeanising surge of the secular architecture in the Kingdom of Serbia, which conclusively suppressed the Oriental architectural practices. Jovanović's father Anastas helped him develop friendship alongside the business relationship with the patron of the house. This allowed Jovanović to construct a notable privately-owned building in the city thoroughfare, thus recommending himself to the favour of wealthy investors. Often linked in historiography to Jovanović's cult of the Italian Renaissance, Stojanović's house also contains elements of Mannerism and Baroque, harmoniously combined into an eclectic whole. Adapted to the Belgrade setting as a two-storey structure built at the top of the Sava River Slope, the house is a direct interpolation of the Viennese eclectic experiences.
The Energoprojekt building in Belgrade, designed by architect Milica Šterić: High modernism as a paradigm of urban conservation
Authors: Mrlješ Rade
Published: January 2021

In examining the urban heritage, which has often been fragmented in Belgrade as a result of different social and political circumstances, the issue of the choice of methodology is often raised in urban conservation. The present paper will propose to consider along these lines the role of high (second) Modernism in the architecture and urban development of Belgrade. The strategies of urban conservation focusing on the main issue of the synthesis of the historical and planned structure would be directed towards the Modernist phenomena which are established as a platform structure of the urban conservation of Belgrade's spatial cultural and historical units. The present research analyses the potential and possibilities of implementing the postulates of the Modernist creative efforts in the contemporary architectural, urban planning and conservation theory and practice, with the analytical basis in the seminal work of architect Milica Šterić (1914-1997) - the Energoprojekt building (1956-1960), located in Zeleni Venac Square in Belgrade. This study, which is based on certain aspects of the high Modernism, namely rationalism and neutrality, aims to point out a number of issues in the current globalist textualism, in which concepts of high Modernism and internationalism are evidently manipulated in the historical urban contexts of the city.
Contribution to new calculations of preheating and differentiation temperatures using Lagrange interpolation
Authors: Milićević Miroslav
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a chronology of how the critical cooling time and preheating temperature in welding have been determined so far. The author of this paper introduces a new approach in calculating preheating temperature using prior art experience as well as his long-term research results in the field of welding. Earlier solutions were based on Rosenthal's 2D and 3D model for calculating the critical cooling time and the corresponding preheating temperature and the improved expressions used by the British Standard. This paper uses the necessary experience in thermal and the corresponding disciplines of mathematics. Problems that occur and prevent efficient obtaining of solvable expressions in a simple and elementary way, the author of this paper solves it in a completely new and inventive way.
Comparative Study of Narrow-Band Imaging and i-scan for Predicting the Histology of Intermediate-to-Large Colorectal Polyps: A Prospective, Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Joon Seop , Jeon Seong Woo , Kwon Yong Hwan
Published: January 2021

Background/Aims: To date, no reports have compared the diagnostic efficacy of narrow-band imaging (NBI) and i-scan for the histologic prediction of intermediate-to-large colorectal polyps. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of NBI and i-scan in predicting histology, and their inter-/intra-observer agreement.Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized study that included 66 patients (NBI, n=33 vs. i-scan, n=33) with colorectal polyps (size >10 mm but <50 mm) who underwent colonoscopic resection. During the procedure, three endoscopists documented their prediction using the Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification. Two months after study completion, the endoscopists reviewed still images and video clips for analysis.Results: The overall diagnostic accuracies in the NBI and i-scan groups were 73.7% (73/99) and 75.8% (75/99), respectively, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups (p=0.744). The JNET classification as applied to NBI and i-scan showed substantial inter-observer agreement (NBI κ-value 0.612, p=0.001 vs. i-scan κ-value 0.662, p=0.002). Additionally, the κ-values of intra-observer agreement were in the range of 0.385–0.660 with NBI and 0.364–0.741 with i-scan.Conclusions: NBI and i-scan have similar diagnostic accuracies for the histologic prediction of intermediate-to-large colorectal polyps. Furthermore, the inter-/intra-observer agreement was acceptable for both modalities when the JNET classification was applied.
Some Topics of School Mathematics of Special Importance to Those Students Who Expect to Study Analytic Geometry and Calculus
Authors: Carver Walter B.
Published: January 2021

The writer has, for some time, been teaching analytic geometry and calculus to engineering freshmen; and it is his aim, in this paper, to call attention to certain subjects in which his students have seemed to be pretty generally deficient. The topics have been selected somewhat at random, and probably others matters of equal importance have been passed over.
Some Experiments Testing the Most Rapid Method of Factoring the Type ax2 + bx + c
Authors: Allen Fiske
Published: January 2021

For some time there has been considerable debate among the mathematics teachers of Horace Mann High School as to the best method of factoring the quadratic trinomial of the type ax2 + bx + c. It was rather generally agreed that the so-called “cross-product” method is most easily made rational to the pupil and that the method of “splitting the middle term” is least easily taught; also that guessing is involved in all the methods. But it is insisted that either the “splitting-middle-term” method or “multiply-by-a” method is more scientific than the “cross-product” method because a definite system of guessing can be given for the first two which does not apply to the third. This last argument is denied, with no possibility of proof or conviction, but a disagreement upon the question of which method is most rapid was more easily tested and the following experiments made.
A Copy Book for Arithmetic
Authors: Lady Clyde H.
Published: January 2021

One day early in 1810 Benjamin Harris went to Stewart's Store in Menallen Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania, to buy himself a blank book for the study of arithmetic. The book, extant and in the possession of the writer's family, is composed of twenty-five sheets of plain white paper, thirteen by eight inches, bound between two pieces of heavy wrapping paper. The binding is merely a strong thread whipped around and around the one edge.
Mathematics in the History of Civilization
Authors: Court Nathan Altshiller
Published: January 2021

The discussion of the subject at hand would gain in clarity if I could ask the members of my invisible audience whether they can remember themselves far enough back in their childhood, when they were not able to count, that is when they could not recite the series of words one, two, three, four, and so on. Radio being what it is, the question must remain unanswered. Fortunately, I know what the answer would be, if it could be given. It is just like asking somebody whether he can recall the time when he could not walk or when he could not talk.
Would Contests and Scholarships Contribute to Increased Interest in Mathematics?
Authors: Mayor J. R.
Published: January 2021

This paper is largely a report of a survey of contests and scholarships which has been made upon the request of the president of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and is intended to be objective and to present information on existing contests and scholarships and a tally of opinion of a special group. I believe that this is a problem worthy of consideration by members of the Council and appropriate, as one of many possibilities, for consideration in the Teacher Training section, since an interest in the recruitment of students of mathematics while they are still in high school actually prompted the survey.
A Study in Needed Redirection in the Preparation of Teachers of Arithmetic
Authors: Glennon Vincent J.
Published: January 2021

A few years ago in a city in New England there appeared on the front page of the newspaper the story of an investigation of the death of a hospital patient.
Teaching for Generalization in Geometry
Authors: Allen Frank B.
Published: January 2021

Teaching for generalization seeks to chart the forest as well as to scrutinize the individual trees. Such instruction should be guided by a panoramic view of those ancient verities which compose the subject matter of classical geometry. The type of view obtainable, for example, is like that from an aerial photograph. If you have examined such photographs, you have, no doubt, observed that they not only show a surprising wealth of detail within an area but they also show the relation of that area to surrounding territory. In such a picture, each detail of the landscape is rendered more significant by the fact that it is seen in its proper position with respect to the entire area.
Devices for the Mathematics Classroom: A model for explaining how latitude may be determined by making observations on Polaris
Authors: Berger Emil J.
Published: January 2021

One of the simplest ways of finding one's latitude in the Northern Hemisphere is to determine the “altitude” of Polaris. Tenth-grade students of plane geometry are usually quite fascinated by this application of one of the theorems which they study, and as often as not they are as interested in proving the method as they are in making an actual observation. In fact, from experience this contributor is able to say that they seem to derive more satisfaction from gaining an insight into the principles involved than in recording observations.
Waterpipe Warning Placement and Risk Perceptions: An Eye Tracking Study
Authors: Klein Elizabeth G. , Alalwan Mahmood A. , Pennell Michael L. , Angeles David , Brinkman Marielle C. , Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Roberts Megan E. , Nini Paul , Ferketich Amy K.
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to select a health warning message location on a waterpipe (WP) that both attracted visual attention and conveyed the risks associated with WP smoking. Methods: During June through November 2019, we conducted a within-subjects
randomized experiment (N = 74) using eye tracking equipment to examine visual attention to 3 placements of a health warning on the WP (stem, water bowl, hose). We asked young adult ever WP users 3 questions about WP harm perceptions. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine the amount
of fixation time spent on the placement locations; we used repeated measures ANOVA to model changes in harm perceptions. Results: There were statistically significant differences across all 3 placement locations; regardless of place, all HWLs attracted a comparable amount of visual
attention. Absolute WP harm perceptions significantly increased following the experiment and remained significantly higher at the one-week follow-up, compared to baseline. Conclusions: Warnings on WPs attracted visual attention and increased harm perceptions, and those harm perceptions
remained high one week after the experiment. Findings indicate the value of including a warning on the WP device, and underscore the necessity and effectiveness of those health warnings to combat WP harm misperceptions.
Health Behaviors at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Weaver Raven H. , Jackson Alexandra , Lanigan Jane , Power Thomas G. , Anderson Alana , Cox Anne E. , Eddy Linda , Parker Louise , Sano Yoshie , Weybright Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Objectives: We examined perceived behavior change since implementation of physical distancing restrictions and identified modifiable (self-rated health, resilience, depressive symptoms, social support and subjective wellbeing) and non-modifiable (demographics) risk/protective
factors. Methods: A representative US sample (N = 362) completed an online survey about potential risk/protective factors and health behaviors prior to the pandemic and after implemented/recommended restrictions. We assessed change in perceived health behaviors prior to and following
introduction of COVID-19. We conducted hierarchical linear regression to explore and identify risk/protective factors related to physical activity, diet quality, and social isolation. Results: There have been substantial decreases in physical activity and increases in sedentary behavior
and social isolation, but no changes in diet quality since COVID-19. We identified modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with each health behavior. Conclusions: Negative effects indicate the need for universal intervention to promote health behaviors. Inequalities in health
behaviors among vulnerable populations may be exacerbated since COVID-19, suggesting need for targeted invention. Social support may be a mechanism to promote health behaviors. We suggest scaling out effective health behavior interventions with the same intensity in which physical distancing
recommendations were implemented.
Applicability of a Salient Belief Elicitation to Measure Abortion Beliefs
Authors: Maier Julie M. , Jozkowski Kristen N. , Valdez Danny , Crawford Brandon L. , Turner Ronna C. , Lo Wen-Juo
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Salient belief elicitations (SBEs), informed by the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA), are used to identify 3 sets of beliefs – behavioral, control, and normative – that influence attitudes toward a health behavior. SBEs ask participants about their own
beliefs through open-ended questions. We adapted a SBE by focusing on abortion, which is infrequently examined through SBEs; we also included a survey version that asked participants their views on what a hypothetical woman would do if contemplating an abortion. Given these deviations
from traditional SBEs, the purpose of this study was to assess if the adapted SBE was understood by participants in English and Spanish through cognitive interviewing. Methods: We examined participants' interpretations of SBE items about abortion to determine if they aligned with the
corresponding RAA construct. We administered SBE surveys and conducted cognitive interviews with US adults in both English and Spanish. Results: Participants comprehended the SBE questions as intended. Participants' interpretations of most questions were also in line with the respective
RAA construct. Conclusions: SBE survey questions were comprehended well by participants. We discuss areas in which SBE questions can be modified to improve alignment with the underlying RAA construct to assess abortion beliefs.
Patterns and Trends of Cancer Screening in Canada: Results From a Contemporary National Survey
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar
Published: January 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the patterns and trends of colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screening within a contemporary cohort of Canadian adults. Methods: Canadian Community Health Survey datasets (2007–2016) were accessed and 3 cohorts were defined: (1) a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening cohort, defined as men and women aged 50 to 74 years with complete information about CRC screening tests and their timing; (2) a breast cancer screening cohort, defined as women aged 40 to 74 years with complete information about mammography and its timing; and (3) a cervical cancer screening cohort, defined as women aged 25 to 69 years with complete information about the Papanicolaou (Pap) test and its timing. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then performed to evaluate factors associated with not having timely screening tests at the time of survey completion. Results: A total of 99,820 participants were considered eligible for the CRC screening cohort, 59,724 for the breast cancer screening cohort, and 46,767 for the cervical cancer screening cohort. Among eligible participants, 43% did not have timely recommended screening tests for CRC, 35% did not have timely mammography (this number decreased to 26% when limiting the eligible group to ages 50–74 years), and 25% did not have a timely Pap test. Lower income was associated with not having a timely recommended screening tests for all 3 cohorts (odds ratios [95% CI]: 1.86 [1.76–1.97], 1.89 [1.76–2.04], and 1.96 [1.79–2.14], respectively). Likewise, persons self-identifying as a visible minority were less likely to have timely recommended screening tests in all 3 cohorts (odds ratios for White race vs visible minority [95% CI]: 0.87 [0.83–0.92], 0.85 [0.80–0.91], and 0.66 [0.61–0.70], respectively). Conclusions: More than one-third of eligible individuals are missing timely screening tests for CRC. Moreover, at least one-quarter of eligible women are missing their recommended breast and cervical cancer screening tests. More efforts from federal and provincial health authorities are needed to deal with socioeconomic disparities in access to cancer screening.
Prognostic markers of mycosis fungoides by means of two cases
Authors:   Department of Dermatology and Allergology Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center University of Szeged, Csányi Ildikó , Ócsai Henriette , Korom Irma , Varga Erika , Varga Anita , Hideghéty Katalin , Krenács László , Bagdi Enikő , Gurbity Pálfi Tímea , Piukovics Klára , Borbényi Zita , Kemény Lajos , Oláh Judit , Baltás Eszter
Published: January 2021

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies including both indolent and aggressive forms, with an average 5-year disease-specific survival rate of 11-100%. Prognostic factors in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma according to the different subtypes are not clearly defined, however extracutaneous manifestation seems to predict a poor prognosis. Tonsil involvement was revealed as a cause of oropharyngeal complaints in two of our male patients, treated for histologically confirmed tumour stage of mycosis fungoides. In the first case urgent tracheostomy followed by radiotherapy, while in the other case systemic treatment resulted in complete remission of the tonsil involvement. Both patients were subsequently lost due to the progression of mycosis fungoides. Factors predicting an unfavourable prognosis included extracutaneous manifestation, late stage disease, age over 60 years, elevated lactate-dehydrogenase levels, and large cell transformation. With our cases we would like to shed light to the prognostic markers of mycosis fungoides, and to the rare tonsil involvement, which is potentially life-threatening and requires urgent intervention.
Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder: Case series at the Semmelweis University, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology and review of the literature
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Kerner Tünde Zsuzsanna , Szakonyi József , Csomor Judit , Szepesi Ágota , Marschalkó Márta
Published: January 2021

In the updated 2018 WHO-EORTC classification, the name of the disease was changed to primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder instead of the former primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma, because of its indolent behaviour and uncertain malignant potential. The authors present five cases of primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, through which they show the various clinical appearances, and the histological features of the disease, and review the literature. The authors point out that the disease, except for a few cases, presented with a solitary lesion, has a particularly good prognosis, remains localized and shows a tendency to regress despite the monoclonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement.
Newborn myeloid sarcoma
Authors:   North-Central Buda Center New Szent János Hospital and Clinic, Budapest, Noll Judit , Asbóth Dorottya , Csomor Judit , Csóka Mónika , Kovács Gábor , Kriván Gergely , Kállay Krisztián
Published: January 2021

Myeloid sarcoma according to the WHO 2016 version is an independent subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia, characterized by extramedullary tumor-like proliferation of myeloid precursor cells. Myeloid sarcoma can occur without bone marrow disease, associated with myeloid neoplasias or as a relapse of acute myeloid leukemia, too. In this article we describe the case of a 3 week-old newborn, whose myeloid sarcoma presented with skin symptoms and was successfully treated with AML BMF98 chemotherapy following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hereby we also summarize the most important current knowledges of the disease.
Coincidence of psoriasis and onychomycosis
Authors:   University of Debrecen Gyula Kenézy Hospital, Halmy Klára , Bálint Ágnes , Dobránszki Irén , Nagy Annamária
Published: January 2021

In a three year period, authors observed 16 cases whith plaque psoriasis accompanied with nail symptoms characteristic for typical psoriasis. Microscopy examinations were positive in cases of 7 in fingernails, and in 3 cases of toe nails. In cultures, pathogenic agents were grown in 4 cases from finger nails, in 2 cases from toe nails. Considering the 16 psoriasis cases out of the 1087 mycotic tests carried out in the 3 years period, onychomycosis occurred only in 1,5% of the cases. Therefore further studies are needed for the assessment of onychomycosis in psoriatic cases.
China y África: un espejo distante para América Latina
Authors: Alden Chris
Published: January 2021

The depth and form of China’s engagement with Africa is well-established in the resource sector and reflected in its trade, investment and diplomacy towards the region. Coupled with the growing diversity of Chinese actors present in the continent - which ranges from state-owned enterprises to small-scale entrepreneurs - the expanding Chinese presence in Africa provides insights into the dynamics that are evident in other resource-rich developing regions such as Latin America. This article examines in detail China’s role in Africa, with particular emphasis on South Africa, and considers how these experiences might reflect emerging trends in Chinese-Latin American relations.
China y América Latina: ¿el matrimonio perfecto?
Authors: Leiteritz Ralf J.
Published: January 2021

During the last twenty years, China’s astonishing economic development, and its pursuit of a more outwardly-oriented foreign policy, have shaped international politics to a significant degree. Offered a model of cooperation based on mutual gains between developing countries, Latin America faces a more favorable panorama for its foreign relations, both economic and political, with China. However, is this relationship really "a marriage made in heaven"?
This article seeks to identify the interests at play in the relationship between China and Latin America. First, following an analysis of China’s political and economic development, it identifies three pillars upon which China has based its relations with developing countries: economics; culture; and diplomacy. Second, utilizing the analytical categories of "hard" and "soft" power, the article compares the rise of China, and its behavior, to that of traditional great powers such as the United States. Finally, the article gives an overview of the current Chinese strategy vis-à-vis the Latin American region.
The origins and consequences of UPF1 variants in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma
Authors: Polaski Jacob T , Udy Dylan B , Escobar-Hoyos Luisa F , Askan Gokce , Leach Steven D , Ventura Andrea , Kannan Ram , Bradley Robert K
Published: January 2021

Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) is an aggressive cancer whose mutational origins are poorly understood. An early study reported high-frequency somatic mutations affecting UPF1, a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) factor, in PASC, but subsequent studies did not observe these lesions. The corresponding controversy about whether UPF1 mutations are important contributors to PASC has been exacerbated by a paucity of functional studies. Here, we modeled two UPF1 mutations in human and mouse cells to find no significant effects on pancreatic cancer growth, acquisition of adenosquamous features, UPF1 splicing, UPF1 protein, or NMD efficiency. We subsequently discovered that 45% of UPF1 mutations reportedly present in PASCs are identical to standing genetic variants in the human population, suggesting that they may be non-pathogenic inherited variants rather than pathogenic mutations. Our data suggest that UPF1 is not a common functional driver of PASC and motivate further attempts to understand the genetic origins of these malignancies.
Subcellular sequencing of single neurons reveals the dendritic transcriptome of GABAergic interneurons
Authors: Perez Julio D , Dieck Susanne tom , Alvarez-Castelao Beatriz , Tushev Georgi , Chan Ivy CW , Schuman Erin M
Published: January 2021

Although mRNAs are localized in the processes of excitatory neurons, it is still unclear whether interneurons also localize a large population of mRNAs. In addition, the variability in the localized mRNA population within and between cell types is unknown. Here we describe the unbiased transcriptomic characterization of the subcellular compartments of hundreds of single neurons. We separately profiled the dendritic and somatic transcriptomes of individual rat hippocampal neurons and investigated mRNA abundances in the soma and dendrites of single glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. We found that, like their excitatory counterparts, interneurons contain a rich repertoire of ~4000 mRNAs. We observed more cell type-specific features among somatic transcriptomes than their associated dendritic transcriptomes. Finally, using celltype-specific metabolic labeling of isolated neurites, we demonstrated that the processes of glutamatergic and, notably, GABAergic neurons were capable of local translation, suggesting mRNA localization and local translation are general properties of neurons.
Valinomycin can depolarize mitochondria in intact lymphocytes without increasing plasma membrane potassium fluxes
Authors: Felber Suzanne M. , Brand Martin D.
Published: July 2002

We have simultaneously measured [3H]methyltriphenylphosphonium+ and 86Rb+ distribution across the mitochondrial and plasma membranes of pig mesenteric lymphocytes. At low concentrations the K+ ionophore valinomycin depolarizes the mitochondria but does not increase Rb+ fluxes across the plasma membrane. At high concentrations of valinomycin the plasma membrane becomes permeable to Rb+ and both TPMP+ and Rb+ distribution give a measure of the K+ diffusion potential.
Energetics of smooth muscle taenia caecum of guinea‐pig: a 31P‐NMR study
Authors: Vermuë Niek A. , Nicolay Klaas
Published: July 2002

Smooth muscle cell energetics of taenia caeci during relaxation, activity and maximal contraction were investigated using 31P‐NMR. In relaxed muscle obtained in calcium‐free medium, [ATP], [phosphocreatine] and [sugar phosphate] were 4.4 mM, 7.7 mM and 2.8 mM, respectively. There was only a small difference in the energetics of spontaneously active and maximally contracted muscles, but under both conditions substantial changes occurred as compared with relaxed muscles. The internal pH in relaxed muscle was found to be 7.05, which acidified to 6.5 during contraction. The level of sugar phosphates was found to be not a limiting factor in energetics.
ATP‐dependent calcium sequestration and calcium/ATP stoichiometry in isolated microsomes from guinea pig parotid glands
Authors: Immelmann Andreas , Söling Hans-Dieter
Published: July 2002

ATP‐dependent calcium uptake was studied in isolated guinea pig parotid gland microsomes. The apparent K
m for free Ca2+ was 0.41 μM, the apparent K
m for ATP·Mg2− 0.23 mM. The pH optimum was 6.8–7.0. Subfractionation of the microsomes revealed that the highest specific uptake activity resided in a rather dense fraction of the endoplasmic reticulum. The calcium uptake/ATPase stoichiometry was determined in the absence of exogenous magnesium in the submicrosomal fractions. It ranged from 1–2. It is concluded that in vivo the stoichiometry is the same as in sarcoplasmic reticulum, namely 2.
Modulations of glycerophosphorylcholine and phosphorylcholine in Friend erythroleukemia cells upon in vitro‐induced erythroid differentiation: a31P NMR study
Authors: Carpinelli G. , Podo F. , Di Vito M. , Proietti E. , Gessani S. , Belardelli F.
Published: July 2002

A31P NMR study has been carried out on Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC) induced to undergo erythroid differentiation in vitro. Significant levels of glycerophosphorylcholine (GroPCho) and phosphorylcholine (P‐Cho) were identified both in the untreated cells and in their PCA extracts. In FLC treated 4 days in vitro with either dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA), the intracellular concentration of P‐Cho was markedly increased, whereas that of GroPCho appeared to be significantly reduced. HMBA was more effective than DMSO in producing this effect. The concomitant modulations of GroPCho and P‐Cho in differentiated FLC suggest the hypothesis that erythroid differentiation involves modifications of the regulatory mechanisms controlling biosynthesis and catabolism of phospholipids.
A developmentally regulated disappearance of slow myosin in fast‐type muscles of the mouse
Authors: Whalen Robert G. , Johnstone Donna , Bryers Paul S. , Butler-Browne Gillian S. , Ecob Marion S. , Jaros Evelyn
Published: July 2002

Histochemistry and immunocytochemistry using an antibody to adult rat slow‐type myosin demonstrated that about 10% of the fibers in the mouse extensor digitorum longus and semimembranosus muscles contain slow myosin during the first month after birth. In adult animals, these muscles have only 0–0.8% slow myosin‐containing fibers. These results demonstrate a developmentally linked disappearance of an adult‐type myosin, and show that the adult phenotype of muscle fibers is not necessarily determined before birth as previously suggested.
Mitochondrial compartmentation of metabolic CO2 resulting from its site of origin in relation to urea synthesis
Authors: Hems Reginald
Published: July 2002

In isolated hepatocytes the entry into urea of metabolic 14CO2; derived from [14C] formate is modified by the addition of dichloroacetate and hydroxypyruvate. An explanation is that this results from changes in the cytoplasmic/mitochondrial pH gradient. 14CO2, derived from [1‐14C]alanine enters into urea more readily than 14CO2 arising from [1‐14C]glutamate. It is proposed that the difference, which is more than 4‐fold, is indicative of a preferred pathway for metabolic CO2 in liver mitochondria from pyruvate dehydrogenase to carbamoylphosphate synthetase than form oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. Acetazolamide inhibition of carbonic anhydrase is without effect on this observed incorporation into urea.
Some properties of a purinergic receptor solubilized from human uterus membranes
Authors: Ronca-Testoni S. , Galbani P. , Gambacciani M.
Published: July 2002

A purinergic receptor was identified in human myometrium membranes using 5'‐N‐[3H]ethylcarboxamideadenosine ([3H]NECA) as radioligand. Scatchard analysis of the binding data gave a K
d of 123 nM with 2.3pmol ligand protein. Displacement studies indicated that the binding site had the characteristics of the A2 adenosine receptors and some of those of the P2 purinoceptors since it was inhibited by two slowly degradable ATP derivatives with IC
50 values comparable to that of NECA. The receptor was solubilized with sodium cholate and its binding properties were the same as those of the membrane‐bound form. No ‐SH group appeared to be essential for the binding activity. By density gradient centrifugation the purinergic receptor‐detergent complex was estimated to have an apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa.
Rapid isolation of animal mitochondrial DNA by alkaline extraction
Authors: Palva Tuula K. , Palva E.Tapio
Published: July 2002

A simple technique for rapid isolation of mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) from animal cells is described. The method is based on the selective alkaline denaturation procedure of Birnboim and Doly [(1979) Nucleic Acids Res. 7, 1513‐1523] and avoids the use of CsCl gradient centrifugation. The yield of mtDNA is comparable to that obtained by standard techniques. This DNA is sufficiently pure for restriction analysis and cloning of mtDNA fragments.
Cyclic AMP‐dependent phosphorylation of a 16 kDa protein in a plasma membrane‐enriched fraction of rat aortic myocytes
Authors: Boulanger-Saunier Chantal , Kattenburg David M. , Stoclet Jean-Claude
Published: July 2002

Phosphorylation induced by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase was examined in a plasma membrane‐enriched fraction from control and β‐adrenergic‐stimulated rat aortic myocytes. Phosphorylation of a 16 kDa protein which copurified with the plasma membrane marker (Na++K+)‐ATPase was most prominent. It was decreased by pretreatment of the myocytes with isoproterenol and the effect of isoproterenol was inhibited by propranolol. Both phosphorylation induced by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase and its inhibition by isoproterenol pretreatment declined in preparations exposed to endogenous phosphatase. These results provide strong evidence that β‐adrenergic stimulation of aortic myocytes induces in situ phosphorylation of a 16 kDa plasma membrane protein.
Disassembly and reconstitution of the Ca2+‐sensitive thin filaments of vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Smith Christopher W.J. , Marston Steven B.
Published: July 2002

The Ca2+‐sensitive thin filaments of aorta smooth muscle have been, disassembled into their constituent proteins, actin, tropomyosin and a 120‐kDa protein. The 120‐kDa protein bound to aorta actin‐tropomyosin and inhibited its ability to activate myosin MgATPase. This inhibition correlated with the binding of one 120‐kDa protein molecule per 29 actin monomers. Upon the addition of calmodulin to the actintropomyosin‐120‐kDa protein complex, the inhibition was relieved in 10−4 M Ca2+ but not 10−9 M Ca2+. The full release of inhibition was not accompanied by a full release of 120‐kDa protein binding to actintropomyosin. A fully active, Ca2+‐sensitive aorta thin filament has thus been reconstituted from just four components: actin, tropomyosin, 120‐kDa protein and calmodulin.
Agonists stimulate divalent cation channels in the plasma membrane of human platelets
Authors: Hallam Trevor J. , Rink Timothy J.
Published: July 2002

Agonists such as thrombin, PAF (platelet‐activating factor) and ADP are known to cause a larger elevation in [Ca2+]i, in quin2‐loaded platelets in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ than in its absence. The simplest interpretation of these observations is that in the presence of extracellular calcium there is an influx component across the cell surface. In the presence of Mn2+, a divalent cation which is known to avidly bind to quin2 and to quench its fluorescence, the agonists produce a small initial rise in quin2 fluorescence followed by a decrease in fluorescence to well below the resting level. The result indicates entry of Mn2+, presumably through some form of receptor‐operated Ca2+ channel.
Real‐time measurements of acetylcholine‐induced release of ATP from bovine medullary chromaffin cells
Authors: Rojas Eduardo , Pollard Harvey B. , Heldman Eli
Published: July 2002

ATP secretion
Chromaffin cell
Acetylcholine channel
Exocytosis
Catecholamine
Maximal activities of enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism in muscle and adipose tissue of rats under conditions of variations in insulin sensitivity
Authors: Newsholme Eric A. , Blomstrand Eva , Newell Joan , Pitcher Judith
Published: July 2002

The maximal activities of 5'‐nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase were measured in quadriceps or soleus muscle from animals in which the sensitivity to insulin was changed. Most conditions caused no effect on the activities but exercise‐training increased the activity of adenosine deaminase and cold exposure increased the activity of 5'‐nucleotidase in soleus muscle: in addition, ageing decreased markedly the activities of all three enzymes in both muscles. When the activities are based on mg protein they are much higher in both white and brown adipose tissue than in muscle, suggesting that changes in adenosine concentration may be important in changing insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue whereas changes in adenosine receptor number may be more important in muscle.
Inhibition of hCG‐stimulated adenylate cyclase in purified mouse Leydig cells by the phorbol ester PMA
Authors: Mukhopadhyay A.K. , Schumacher M.
Published: July 2002

The tumour‐promoting phorbol ester, PMA (phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate), markedly reduced the steroidogenic response of mouse Leydig cells to stimulation by hCG and cholera toxin. However, 8Br‐cAMP‐ and forskolin‐stimulated steroidogenesis was not inhibited by PMA. PMA did not inhibit hCG‐induced steroidogenesis in the simultaneous presence of 1 μM forskolin. The analysis of intracellular cAM P indicated that the PMA‐induced inhibition of steroidogenesis was the result of an impaired cAMP accumulation. Adenylate cyclase in membranes prepared from PMA‐treated cells showed a diminished response to hCG, GTP, guanosine 5'‐[β,γ‐imido]triphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] or to a combination of the stimulants. PMA, however, was unable to inhibit adenylate cyclase when added directly to the membrane preparation from untreated cells. As previous observations have indicated that 125I‐hCG binding and phosphodiesterase activity in mouse Leydig cells are not influenced by PMA, it is concluded from the present study that the site of inhibition has to be localised to the regulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein of the adenylate cyclase system.
Glutathione S‐conjugates stimulate ATP hydrolysis in the plasma membrane fraction of rat hepatocytes
Authors: Nicotera Pierluigi , Baldi Carla , Svensson Sten-Åke , Larsson Roger , Bellomo Giorgio , Orrenius Sten
Published: July 2002

Incubation of a rat hepatocyte plasma membrane fraction with micromolar concentrations of either glutathione disulfide or various glutathione S‐conjugates resulted in a several‐fold increase in the rate of ATP hydrolysis. This stimulation was further enhanced when the plasma membrane fraction had been pretreated with agents that arylate or oxidize sulfhydryl groups, suggesting that this ATPase activity is modulated by the protein thiol status of the plasma membrane. It is proposed that this newly discovered ATPase may function in the cellular extrusion of both glutathione disulfide and glutathione S‐conjugates.
Phosphate‐binding sequences in nucleotide‐binding proteins
Authors: Möller W. , Amons R.
Published: July 2002

In the three‐dimensional model of adenylate kinase, the phosphate‐binding site for AMP and ATP has been identified [Pai, E.F. et al. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 114, 37‐45]. In this region one can distinguish a sequence glycine XXXX glycinelysine. The same sequence is found in many other mononucleotide‐binding proteins including elongation factors and oncogenic P21 proteins. Dinucleotide‐binding proteins display a pyrophosphate‐binding unit with a glycine pattern different from that of mononucleotide‐binding proteins. It has been found that P21 ras protein possesses a strand motif typical for (pyro)phosphate binding of a mononucleotide. A single mutation at position 12 can confer oncogenic activity on the protein. Based on the assumption that amino acid residues which are critical for function are preferentially conserved, we predict from the sequence that glycine residue 15 rather than residue 12 is important for (pyro)phosphate binding.
Ribosome‐inactivating proteins up to date
Authors: Stirpe Fiorenzo , Barbieri Luigi
Published: July 2002

Ribosome‐inactivating proteins (RIPs) from plants inactivate eukaryotic ribosomes, as far as studied by rendering their 60 S subunit unable to bind elongation factor 2. These proteins seem widely distributed and possibly ubiquitous in plants. They are either type 1, those consisting of a single polypeptide chain, or type 2 (ricin and related toxins), those consisting of two chains, one of which is a galactose‐binding lectin. The literature on RIPs from 1982 has been reviewed with respect to (i) the chemical and biological properties of RIPs, (ii) their use for the preparation of immunotoxins and (iii) new perspectives.
Na+/Ca2+ exchange in isolated smooth muscle cells de monstrated by the fluorescent calcium indicator fura‐2
Authors: Pritchard K. , Ashley C.C.
Published: July 2002

Fura‐2, a novel fluorescent indicator of cytoplasmic calcium concentrations ([Cai
2+]), was ‘loaded’ into smooth muscle cells isolated from guinea pig taenia coli. Resting cells maintained a stable [Cai
2+] of 107 ± 26 nM (n = 13), which could be perturbed with ionomycin. [Cai
2+] was elevated by stimulation of the cells with carbachol or 50 mM KCl. Reduction of the plasmalemmal Na+ concentration gradient by inhibition of the Na+/K+‐ATPase with ouabain markedly elevated [Cai
2+]; this elevation was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. [Cai
2+] was also increased by replacement of the extracellular Na+ with an organic cation.
Role of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate in excitation‐contraction coupling in skeletal muscle
Authors: Volpe Pompeo , Di Virgilio Francesco , Pozzan Tullio , Salviati Giovanni
Published: July 2002

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle is an intracellular membranous network that controls the myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and the contraction‐relaxation cycle. Ca2+ release from the terminal cisternae (TC) region of the SR evokes contraction. How electrical depolarization of the transverse tubule is linked to Ca2+ release from the junctionally associated TC is still largely unknown. Independent evidence has been recently obtained indicating that either inositol trisphosphate (IP3) or (and) Ca2+ is (are) the chemical transmitter(s) of excitation‐contraction coupling. Here we outline the experimental data in support of each transmitter and discuss possible interactive roles of Ca2+ and IP3.
Seminalplasmin and caltrin are the same protein
Authors: Sitaram N. , Kumari V.Krishna , Bhargava P.M.
Published: July 2002

Seminalplasmin
Caltrin
Seminal plasma protein
Structure of the extra‐membranous domain of the β‐subunit of (Na,K)‐ATPase revealed by the sequences of its tryptic peptides
Authors: Ohta Toshiko , Yoshida Masasuke , Nagano Kei , Hirano Hideyasu , Kawamura Masaru
Published: July 2002

Membrane bound dog kidney (Na,K)‐ATPase was digested with trypsin. The peptides that were recovered in the supernatant were purified and sequenced. By comparing these results with the sequence of α‐ and human β‐subunits, the location of each of the peptides could be allotted. Both accessibility to trypsin and the facility of release into the water phase indicated that these peptides were derived from the exposed surface of the intact enzyme. The sequence, GXGXXG, reported in the Torpedo californica β‐subunit [(1986) FEBS Lett. 196, 315‐319] was likely a mere coincidence with the sequence of the dinucleotide‐binding site, since the last glycine was replaced by proline in the sequence of the dog β‐subunit. A disulfide bridge was found within a peptide derived from the β‐subunit. A possible model for the β‐subunit structure is proposed.
Pertussis toxin blocks angiotensin II‐induced calcium influx but not inositol trisphosphate production in adrenal glomerulosa cell
Authors: Kojima Itaru , Shibata Hiroshi , Ogata Etsuro
Published: July 2002

Involvement of GTP‐binding proteins in angiotensin II‐induced mobilization of calcium has been examined in adrenal glomerulosa cells by using pertussis toxin. Pretreatment of glomerulosa cells with pertussis toxin abolishes angiotensin II‐induced calcium influx without blocking inositol trisphosphate production. These results suggest a role of the pertussis toxin‐sensitive GTP‐binding protein in transducing angiotensin II‐receptor occupancy into opening of calcium channel.
An extremely hydroxyproline‐rich glycoprotein is expressed in inverting Volvox embryos
Authors: Schlipfenbacher Reiner , Wenzl Stephan , Lottspeich Friedrich , Sumper Manfred
Published: July 2002

A sulphated glycoprotein, denoted I‐SG, has previously been shown to be synthesized in Volvox under developmental control [(1982) FEBS Lett. 143, 311‐315]. It is demonstrated that I‐SG synthesis is restricted to a period during embryonic inversion as short as 10 min (out of the 48 h life cycle). This glycoprotein was purified and chemically characterized. 62% of its amino acid residues are hydroxyproline. Clusters of hydroxyproline residues were found to occur in its polypeptide chain. Besides arabinose and galactose, 3‐O‐methylgalactose and 6‐O‐methylgalactose were identified as constituents of I‐SG.
31P NMR measurement of ATP synthesis rate in perfused intact rat hearts
Authors: Kingsley-Hickman P. , Sako E.Y. , Andreone P.A. , St. Cyr J.A. , Michurski S. , Foker J.E. , From A.H.L. , Petein M. , Ugurbil K.
Published: July 2002

Using 31P NMR and the saturation‐transfer method, the unidirectional rate of ATP synthesis was measured in isolated, Langendorff‐perfused, isovolumic rat hearts operating at a rate pressure product of 25.6 ± 2.5 (SE) × 103 mmHg · min−1 and consuming O2; at a rate of 35 ± 2 μmol O2 · min−1. (g dry wt)−1, at 37°C. This rate was 7.2 ± 0.9 μmol · s−1 · (g dry wt)−1 and was related to the rate of oxygen atom consumption by a ratio of 6.3 ± 0.9. These date show that in the intact heart the unidirectional rate of ATP synthesis exceeds the net rate of ATP synthesis and consumption by approximately a factor of 2.
Mitogen dose‐dependent effect of weak pulsed electromagnetic field on lymphocyte blastogenesis
Authors: Conti P. , Gigante G.E. , Cifone M.G. , Alesse E. , Fieschi C. , Bologna M. , Angeletti P.U.
Published: July 2002

The effects of pulsed extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on human peripheral blood lymphocyte mitogenesis induced by phytohaemoagglutinin, concanavalin A or calcium ionophore A23187 were studied. The dependence of the field effect on mitogen concentrations was investigated. Field exposure produced strong inhibition of DNA synthesis when optimal doses of mitogens were used, confirming our previous findings. Opposite effects were observed at suboptimal concentration of mitogens. Experiments performed by exposing cell cultures to the field for short periods indicated that a field application of at least 6 h is needed to influence irreversibly lymphocyte blastogenesis.
The norepinephrine‐sensitive Ca2+ ‐storage site differs from the caffeine‐sensitive site in vascular smooth muscle of the rat aorta
Authors: Kanaide Hideo , Shogakiuchi Yoshito , Nakamura Motoomi
Published: July 2002

Using microfluorometry of quin 2, a Ca2+‐sensitive dye, we characterized the release and uptake of Ca2+ by the norepinephrine‐sensitive Ca2+‐storage site and the caffeine‐sensitive one. The norepinephrine‐sensitive Ca2+‐storage site was readily depleted in Ca2+‐free medium and almost completely replenished by loading with 1.0 mM Ca2+ solution for 3 min, whereas the caffeine‐sensitive site was scarcely affected. Furthermore, norepinephrine has little effect on the caffeine‐sensitive Ca2+‐storage site in Ca2+‐free medium, and vice versa. We conclude that the location and mechanisms of release and uptake of Ca2+ of these two Ca2+‐storage sites differ in the case of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells in primary culture.