bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Un)doing masculinity in der Kita
Authors: Bockstaller Tobias
Published: July 2021

Der Beruf der Fachperson Betreuung zeichnet sich aktuell in der Schweiz, trotz vielseitiger Bestrebungen dies zu ändern, durch seine einseitige Verteilung der Geschlechter aus. Mehrheitlich prägen weibliche Fachpersonen den Alltag in Kindertagesstätten. Deshalb sind männliche Fachkräfte – bezüglich der Herstellung männlicher Geschlechtsidentität – in ihrem Arbeitsalltag mit besonderen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Während bereits einige Arbeiten zu diesem Thema auf der Grundlage von Aussagen betroffener männlicher Fachpersonen existieren, ist der unbewusste, non-verbale Ausdruck von Geschlechterkonstruktionen noch weitgehend unerforscht. Mittels rekonstruktiver videobasierter Beobachtung wird untersucht, wie männliche Fachpersonen in ihren körperlichen Handlungen Männlichkeiten konstruieren.
Jenseits der rhetorischen Modernisierung? Geschlechterwissen zwischen Essenzialismus und Konstruktivismus
Authors: Wustmann Julia
Published: July 2021

Da Kinder innerhalb von Kindertageseinrichtungen Vorstellungen zu Geschlechterverhältnissen, -typisierungen oder auch -gerechtigkeit erfahren, erlernen und erproben, kommt dem Wissen, das die pädagogischen Fachkräfte zum Thema Geschlecht haben eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Der Beitrag präsentiert die Konzeption und Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Analyse von beruflichem Ausbildungsmaterial pädagogischer Fachkräfte. Es wird aufgezeigt, welches Geschlechterwissen im Material vermittelt wird und wie pädagogische Fachkräfte auf den Umgang mit Geschlechterthematiken in der beruflichen Praxis im Rahmen der Ausbildung vorbereitet werden.
Bound of diffusion constants from pole-skipping points: spontaneous symmetry breaking and magnetic field
Authors: Jeong Hyun-Sik , Kim Keun-Young , Sun Ya-Wen
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We investigate the properties of pole-skipping of the sound channel in which the translational symmetry is broken explicitly or spontaneously. For this purpose, we analyze, in detail, not only the holographic axion model, but also the magnetically charged black holes with two methods: the near-horizon analysis and quasi-normal mode computations. We find that the pole-skipping points are related with the chaotic properties, Lyapunov exponent (λL) and butterfly velocity (vB), independently of the symmetry breaking patterns. We show that the diffusion constant (D) is bounded by $$ D\ge {v}_B^2/{\lambda}_L $$
D
≥

v
B
2

/

λ
L

, where D is the energy diffusion (crystal diffusion) bound for explicit (spontaneous) symmetry breaking. We confirm that the lower bound is obtained by the pole-skipping analysis in the low temperature limit.
Effective field theory interpretation of lepton magnetic and electric dipole moments
Authors: Aebischer Jason , Dekens Wouter , Jenkins Elizabeth E. , Manohar Aneesh V. , Sengupta Dipan , Stoffer Peter
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We perform a model-independent analysis of the magnetic and electric dipole moments of the muon and electron. We give expressions for the dipole moments in terms of operator coefficients of the low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) and the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). We use one-loop renormalization group improved perturbation theory, including the one-loop matching from SMEFT onto LEFT, and one-loop lepton matrix elements of the effective-theory operators. Semileptonic four-fermion operators involving light quarks give sizable non-perturbative contributions to the dipole moments, which are included in our analysis. We find that only a very limited set of the SMEFT operators is able to generate the current deviation of the magnetic moment of the muon from its Standard Model expectation.
N3LO gravitational quadratic-in-spin interactions at G4
Authors: Levi Michèle , McLeod Andrew J. , von Hippel Matthew
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We compute the N3LO gravitational quadratic-in-spin interactions at G4 in the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion via the effective field theory (EFT) of gravitating spinning objects for the first time. This result contributes at the 5PN order for maximally-spinning compact objects, adding the spinning case to the static sector at this PN accuracy. This sector requires extending the EFT of a spinning particle beyond linear order in the curvature to include higher-order operators quadratic in the curvature that are relevant at this PN order. We make use of a diagrammatic expansion in the worldline picture, and rely on our recent upgrade of the EFTofPNG code, which we further extend to handle this sector. Similar to the spin-orbit sector, we find that the contributing three-loop graphs give rise to divergences, logarithms, and transcendental numbers. However, in this sector all of these features conspire to cancel out from the final result, which contains only finite rational terms.
Examining the dynamics between young people’s mental health, poverty and life chances in six low- and middle-income countries: protocol for the CHANCES-6 study
Authors: Bauer Annette , Baltra Ricardo Araya , Pabon Mauricio Avendano , Díaz Yadira , Garman Emily , Hessel Philipp , Lund Crick , Malvasi Paulo , Matijasevich Alicia , McDaid David , Park A.-La , Paula Cristiane Silvestre , Zimmerman Annie , Evans-Lacko Sara
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Poverty and poor mental health are closely related and may need to be addressed together to improve the life chances of young people. There is currently little evidence about the impact of poverty-reduction interventions, such as cash transfer programmes, on improved youth mental health and life chances. The aim of the study (CHANCES-6) is to understand the impact and mechanisms of such programmes.

Methods

CHANCES-6 will employ a combination of quantitative, qualitative and economic analyses. Secondary analyses of longitudinal datasets will be conducted in six low- and middle-income countries (Brazil, Colombia, Liberia, Malawi, Mexico and South Africa) to examine the impact of cash transfer programmes on mental health, and the mechanisms leading to improved life chances for young people living in poverty. Qualitative interviews and focus groups (conducted among a subset of three countries) will explore the views and experiences of young people, families and professionals with regard to poverty, mental health, life chances, and cash transfer programmes. Decision-analytic modelling will examine the potential economic case and return-on-investment from programmes. We will involve stakeholders and young people to increase the relevance of findings to national policies and practice.

Results

Knowledge will be generated on the potential role of cash transfer programmes in breaking the cycle between poor mental health and poverty for young people, to improve their life chances.

Conclusion

CHANCES-6 seeks to inform decisions regarding the future design and the merits of investing in poverty-reduction interventions alongside investments into the mental health of young people.
A faster algorithm for the Birthday Song Singers Synchronization Problem (FSSP) in one-dimensional CA with multiple speeds
Authors: Worsch Thomas
Published: July 2021

In cellular automata with multiple speeds for each cell i there is a positive integer $$p_i$$

p
i

such that this cell updates its state still periodically but only at times which are a multiple of $$p_i$$

p
i

. Additionally there is a finite upper bound on all $$p_i$$

p
i

. Manzoni and Umeo have described an algorithm for these (one-dimensional) cellular automata which solves the Firing Squad Synchronization Problem. This algorithm needs linear time (in the number of cells to be synchronized) but for many problem instances it is slower than the optimum time by some positive constant factor. In the present paper we derive lower bounds on possible synchronization times and describe an algorithm which is never slower and in some cases faster than the one by Manzoni and Umeo and which is close to a lower bound (up to a constant summand) in more cases.
Speaking Up and Speaking Out: Gender Diversity in the Scientific Programme of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Annual Scientific Congress
Authors: Lai Christine S. , Farrar Jessica , Stanzah Fellicia , Crammond Bradley , Wong Sandra L. , Lee James C.
Published: July 2021

Background

Disparities in gender representation at medical meetings have been documented despite women representing half of medical school graduating classes. Lack of role models is touted as one of a myriad of factors that perpetuate gender imbalance, particularly in the field of surgery. We evaluated the trend in gender distribution of participants at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) Annual Scientific Congress (ASC) and whether there was a correlation between the gender distribution of the organising committee and speakers and chairpersons invited to attend.

Methods

RACS ASC programmes from 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively analysed, examining the gender distribution of speakers, chairpersons and conveners. Trend analysis of distribution was performed, and a generalized linear mixed model was used to investigate the effect of the gender of the conveners on gender of session chairpersons and speakers.

Results

Between 2013 and 2018, there were non‐significant increases in female speakers invited to speak from 14.9 to 21.7% (p = 0.064) and female conveners appointed from 11 to 19% (p = 0.115), but there was a significant increase in female chairs from 9.6 to 21.6% p < 0.001). Female conveners were 3 times more likely to invite female speakers than male conveners (p < 0.001) and were 20 times more likely to invite female chairs than male conveners (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Visible role models are important in the pursuit of gender equity in surgery in order to break down stereotypes and the hidden curriculum. Intentional effort is required to achieve parity, and such efforts could include appointing more women to organising committees of scientific meetings.
Identifying Patients Who May Benefit from Liver Resection Compared to Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using 18F‐FDG PET
Authors: Yoh Tomoaki , Seo Satoru , Taura Kojiro , Hamaguchi Yuhei , Ogiso Satoshi , Fukumitsu Ken , Ishii Takamichi , Hata Koichiro , Kaido Toshimi , Nakamoto Yuji , Uemoto Shinji
Published: July 2021

Background

This study aimed to assess an oncologic setting where patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could benefit from liver resection (LR) compared to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography.

Methods

The consecutive data of patients with HCC who underwent 18F‐FDG PET before LR (LR group, n = 314) and LDLT (LDLT group, n = 65) between 2003 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor 18F‐FDG avidity was quantified as the tumor to liver standardized uptake value ratio (TLR, cut‐off value was defined at 2). Multivariate analysis was performed to assess significant preoperative tumor factors in the LR group. Survival outcomes between the two groups were stratified by these factors.

Results

The 5‐year overall survival (OS: 56.9% vs. 73.8%, LR vs. LDLT, p < 0.001) and recurrence‐free survival rate (RFS: 27.4% vs. 70.7%, p < 0.001) were significantly better in the LDLT group compared to the LR group. In the LR study, multivariate analysis identified TLR and tumor multiplicity as significant preoperative tumor factors for OS. In patients with solitary and TLR < 2 HCC, the 5‐year OS rate was not significantly different between the LR and LDLT groups (70.3% vs. 71.8%, p = 0.352); meanwhile, RFS rate was better in the LDLT group (34.3% vs. 71.8%, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

LDLT is associated with better long‐term outcomes than LR in patients with HCC; however, selected patients with solitary and TLR < 2 HCC may benefit from LR.
SARS-CoV-2, myocardial injury and inflammation: insights from a large clinical and autopsy study
Authors: Dal Ferro Matteo , Bussani Rossana , Paldino Alessia , Nuzzi Vincenzo , Collesi Chiara , Zentilin Lorena , Schneider Edoardo , Correa Ricardo , Silvestri Furio , Zacchigna Serena , Giacca Mauro , Metra Marco , Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco
Published: July 2021

Objective

Despite growing evidence about myocardial injury in hospitalized COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, the mechanism behind this injury is only poorly understood and little is known about its association with SARS-CoV-2-mediated myocarditis. Furthermore, definite evidence of the presence and role of SARS-CoV-2 in cardiomyocytes in the clinical scenario is still lacking.

Methods

We histologically characterized myocardial tissue of 40 patients deceased with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic. Clinical data were also recorded and analyzed. In case of findings supportive of myocardial inflammation, histological analysis was complemented by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens and in situ RNA hybridization for the detection of viral genomes.

Results

Both chronic and acute myocardial damage was invariably present, correlating with the age and comorbidities of our population. Myocarditis of overt entity was found in one case (2.5%). SARS-CoV-2 genome was not found in the cardiomyocytes of the patient with myocarditis, while it was focally and negligibly present in cardiomyocytes of patients with known viral persistence in the lungs and no signs of myocardial inflammation. The presence of myocardial injury was not associated with myocardial inflammatory infiltrates.

Conclusions

In this autopsy cohort of COVID-19 patients, myocarditis is rarely found and not associated with SARS-CoV-2 presence in cardiomyocytes. Chronic and acute forms of myocardial damage are constantly found and correlate with the severity of COVID-19 disease and pre-existing comorbidities.

Graphic abstract
Steps towards a computational ethology: an automatized, interactive setup to investigate filial imprinting and biological predispositions
Authors: Zanon Mirko , Lemaire Bastien S. , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: July 2021

Soon after hatching, the young of precocial species, such as domestic chicks or ducklings, learn to recognize their social partner by simply being exposed to it (imprinting process). Even artificial objects or stimuli displayed on monitor screens can effectively trigger filial imprinting, though learning is canalized by spontaneous preferences for animacy signals, such as certain kinds of motion or a face-like appearance. Imprinting is used as a behavioural paradigm for studies on memory formation, early learning and predispositions, as well as number and space cognition, and brain asymmetries. Here, we present an automatized setup to expose and/or test animals for a variety of imprinting experiments. The setup consists of a cage with two high-frequency screens at the opposite ends where stimuli are shown. Provided with a camera covering the whole space of the cage, the behaviour of the animal is recorded continuously. A graphic user interface implemented in Matlab allows a custom configuration of the experimental protocol, that together with Psychtoolbox drives the presentation of images on the screens, with accurate time scheduling and a highly precise framerate. The setup can be implemented into a complete workflow to analyse behaviour in a fully automatized way by combining Matlab (and Psychtoolbox) to control the monitor screens and stimuli, DeepLabCut to track animals’ behaviour, Python (and R) to extract data and perform statistical analyses. The automated setup allows neuro-behavioural scientists to perform standardized protocols during their experiments, with faster data collection and analyses, and reproducible results.
Finding all S-Diophantine quadruples for a fixed set of primes S
Authors: Ziegler Volker
Published: July 2021

Given a finite set of primes S and an m-tuple $$(a_1,\ldots ,a_m)$$

(

a
1

,
…
,

a
m

)

of positive, distinct integers we call the m-tuple S-Diophantine, if for each $$1\le i < j\le m$$

1
≤
i
<
j
≤
m

the quantity $$a_ia_j+1$$

a
i

a
j

+
1

has prime divisors coming only from the set S. For a given set S we give a practical algorithm to find all S-Diophantine quadruples, provided that $$|S|=3$$

|
S
|
=
3

.
Post-translational formation of hypusine in eIF5A: implications in human neurodevelopment
Authors: Park Myung Hee , Kar Rajesh Kumar , Banka Siddharth , Ziegler Alban , Chung Wendy K.
Published: July 2021

Hypusine [Nε-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] is a derivative of lysine that is formed post-translationally in the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Its occurrence at a single site in one cellular protein defines hypusine synthesis as one of the most specific post-translational modifications. Synthesis of hypusine involves two enzymatic steps: first, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) cleaves the 4-aminobutyl moiety of spermidine and transfers it to the ε-amino group of a specific lysine residue of the eIF5A precursor protein to form an intermediate, deoxyhypusine [Nε-(4-aminobutyl)lysine]. This intermediate is subsequently hydroxylated by deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) to form hypusine in eIF5A. eIF5A, DHPS, and DOHH are highly conserved in all eukaryotes, and both enzymes exhibit a strict specificity toward eIF5A substrates. eIF5A promotes translation elongation globally by alleviating ribosome stalling and it also facilitates translation termination. Hypusine is required for the activity of eIF5A, mammalian cell proliferation, and animal development. Homozygous knockout of any of the three genes, Eif5a, Dhps, or Dohh, leads to embryonic lethality in mice. eIF5A has been implicated in various human pathological conditions. A recent genetic study reveals that heterozygous germline EIF5A variants cause Faundes–Banka syndrome, a craniofacial–neurodevelopmental malformations in humans. Biallelic variants of DHPS were identified as the genetic basis underlying a rare inherited neurodevelopmental disorder. Furthermore, biallelic DOHH variants also appear to be associated with neurodevelopmental disorder. The clinical phenotypes of these patients include intellectual disability, developmental delay, seizures, microcephaly, growth impairment, and/or facial dysmorphisms. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of eIF5A and the hypusine modification pathway in neurodevelopment in humans.
Parental rejection in early adolescence predicts a persistent ADHD symptom trajectory across adolescence
Authors: Brinksma Djûke M. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , de Bildt Annelies , Buitelaar Jan K. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Hartman Catharina A. , Dietrich Andrea
Published: July 2021

Despite a general decrease of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms during adolescence, these may persist in some individuals but not in others. Prior cross-sectional studies have shown that parenting style and their interaction with candidate genes are associated with ADHD symptoms. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research examining the independent and interactive effects of parenting and plasticity genes in predicting the course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms across adolescence. Here, we investigated how children perceived their parents’ parenting style (i.e., rejection, overprotection, and emotional warmth) at the age of 11, and their interaction with DRD4,MAOA, and 5-HTTLPR genotypes on parent-reported ADHD symptoms at three time points (mean ages 11.1, 13.4, and 16.2 years) in 1730 adolescents from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Growth Mixture Modeling in Mplus identified four ADHD symptom trajectories: low, moderate stable, high decreasing, and high persistent. Perceived parental rejection predicted class membership in the high persistent trajectory compared to the other classes (p < 0.001, odds ratios between 2.14 and 3.74). Gene-environment interactions were not significantly related to class membership. Our results indicate a role of perceived parental rejection in the persistence of ADHD symptoms. Perceived parental rejection should, therefore, be taken into consideration during prevention and treatment of ADHD in young adolescents.
Correction to: On the Existence of Schur-like Forms for Matrices with Symmetry Structures
Authors: Mehl Christian
Published: July 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s10013-021-00516-5
Quantitative abilities of invertebrates: a methodological review
Authors: Gatto Elia , Loukola Olli J. , Agrillo Christian
Published: July 2021

Quantitative abilities are widely recognized to play important roles in several ecological contexts, such as foraging, mate choice, and social interaction. Indeed, such abilities are widespread among vertebrates, in particular mammals, birds, and fish. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies on the quantitative abilities of invertebrates. In this review, we present the current knowledge in this field, especially focusing on the ecological relevance of the capacity to process quantitative information, the similarities with vertebrates, and the different methods adopted to investigate this cognitive skill. The literature argues, beyond methodological differences, a substantial similarity between the quantitative abilities of invertebrates and those of vertebrates, supporting the idea that similar ecological pressures may determine the emergence of similar cognitive systems even in distantly related species.
Accumulation and obsolescence of research knowledge
Authors: Novák A. J. , Feichtinger G.
Published: July 2021

In this paper we study how the scientific production of a representative researcher develops over his/her career. Using Pontryagin’s maximum principle we derive the optimal capital accumulation over the life cycle of a scientist. In particular, we are able to identify two regimes of human capital accumulation (say intensive versus normal) and to characterize their optimality depending on the initial human capital level. The paper includes a formal proof of the negative impact of the obscolescence rate as well as the discount rate on human capital production and we show that this reduction is largest at earlier ages.
Chunking and cooperation in particle swarm optimization for feature selection
Authors: Sarhani Malek , Voß Stefan
Published: July 2021

Bio-inspired optimization aims at adapting observed natural behavioral patterns and social phenomena towards efficiently solving complex optimization problems, and is nowadays gaining much attention. However, researchers recently highlighted an inconsistency between the need in the field and the actual trend. Indeed, while nowadays it is important to design innovative contributions, an actual trend in bio-inspired optimization is to re-iterate the existing knowledge in a different form. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap. More precisely, we start first by highlighting new examples for this problem by considering and describing the concepts of chunking and cooperative learning. Second, by considering particle swarm optimization (PSO), we present a novel bridge between these two notions adapted to the problem of feature selection. In the experiments, we investigate the practical importance of our approach while exploring both its strength and limitations. The results indicate that the approach is mainly suitable for large datasets, and that further research is needed to improve the computational efficiency of the approach and to ensure the independence of the sub-problems defined using chunking.
Extended two-body problem for rotating rigid bodies
Authors: Ho Alex , Wold Margrethe , Conway John T. , Poursina Mohammad
Published: July 2021

A new technique that utilizes surface integrals to find the force, torque and potential energy between two non-spherical, rigid bodies is presented. The method is relatively fast, and allows us to solve the full rigid two-body problem for pairs of spheroids and ellipsoids with 12 degrees of freedom. We demonstrate the method with two dimensionless test scenarios, one where tumbling motion develops, and one where the motion of the bodies resemble spinning tops. We also test the method on the asteroid binary (66391) 1999 KW4, where both components are modelled either as spheroids or ellipsoids. The two different shape models have negligible effects on the eccentricity and semi-major axis, but have a larger impact on the angular velocity along the z-direction. In all cases, energy and total angular momentum is conserved, and the simulation accuracy is kept at the machine accuracy level.
JUNB suppresses distant metastasis by influencing the initial metastatic stage
Authors: Wutschka Juliane , Kast Bettina , Sator-Schmitt Melanie , Appak-Baskoy Sila , Hess Jochen , Sinn Hans-Peter , Angel Peter , Schorpp-Kistner Marina
Published: July 2021

The complex interactions between cells of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells are considered a major determinant of cancer progression and metastasis. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms of metastatic disease is not sufficient to successfully treat patients with advanced-stage cancer. JUNB is a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family shown to be frequently deregulated in human cancer and associated with invasion and metastasis. A strikingly high stromal JUNB expression in human breast cancer samples prompted us to functionally investigate the consequences of JUNB loss in cells of the tumor microenvironment on cancer progression and metastasis in mice. To adequately mimic the clinical situation, we applied a syngeneic spontaneous breast cancer metastasis model followed by primary tumor resection and identified stromal JUNB as a potent suppressor of distant metastasis. Comprehensive characterization of the JUNB-deficient tumor microenvironment revealed a strong influx of myeloid cells into primary breast tumors and lungs at early metastatic stage. In these infiltrating neutrophils, BV8 and MMP9, proteins promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, were specifically upregulated in a JUNB-dependent manner. Taken together, we established stromal JUNB as a strong suppressor of distant metastasis. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting AP-1 should be carefully designed not to interfere with stromal JUNB expression as this may be detrimental for cancer patients.
Who owns the German subsurface? Ownership and sustainable governance of the subsurface in Germany
Authors: Berger Frederic , Blum Philipp
Published: July 2021

In 1980, the Federal Mining Act was introduced to govern the use of the German subsurface. By paying royalties, companies can get permission to exploit resources. Yet, there is no official report breaking down the payments for hydrocarbons and lignite, in particular regarding the effectively levied fees. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide an overview of the ownership and paid royalties, and to discuss the sustainable use and management of the German subsurface in the face of ecological, social, and economic impacts of resource exploitation. Our analysis shows that the subsurface is partly state- and partly company-owned. Lignite is almost exclusively privately owned by two companies. In contrast, hydrocarbons are predominantly state-owned. In 2017, on average 13% was paid in royalties for gas and 11% for petroleum. These royalties have minor impact on state budgets. For instance, in the concerned state of Lower Saxony, the levies amount to 189 million € or 0.6% of the state budget. Thus, the state income from royalties is low. However, local communities and property owners have no financial benefits. Finally, to obtain a more sustainable use of subsurface, the current Federal Mining Act must be adapted to account for environmental and social impacts.
SAMPL7 physical property prediction from EC-RISM theory
Authors: Tielker Nicolas , Güssregen Stefan , Kast Stefan M.
Published: July 2021

Inspired by the successful application of the embedded cluster reference interaction site model (EC-RISM), a combination of quantum–mechanical calculations with three-dimensional RISM theory to predict Gibbs energies of species in solution within the SAMPL6.1 (acidity constants, pKa) and SAMPL6.2 (octanol–water partition coefficients, log P) the methodology was applied to the recent SAMPL7 physical property challenge on aqueous pKa and octanol–water log P values. Not part of the challenge but provided by the organizers, we also computed distribution coefficients log D7.4 from predicted pKa and log P data. While macroscopic pKa predictions compared very favorably with experimental data (root mean square error, RMSE 0.72 pK units), the performance of the log P model (RMSE 1.84) fell behind expectations from the SAMPL6.2 challenge, leading to reasonable log D7.4 predictions (RMSE 1.69) from combining the independent calculations. In the post-submission phase, conformations generated by different methodology yielded results that did not significantly improve the original predictions. While overall satisfactory compared to previous log D challenges, the predicted data suggest that further effort is needed for optimizing the robustness of the partition coefficient model within EC-RISM calculations and for shaping the agreement between experimental conditions and the corresponding model description.
Implicit Representation of Grammatical Gender in Italian Children with Developmental Language Disorder: An Exploratory Study on Phonological and/or Syntactic Sensitivity
Authors: Artuso Caterina , Fratini Elena , Belacchi Carmen
Published: July 2021

Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) display impaired phonological and/or morpho-syntactic skills. To detect these impairments, it would be of value to devise tasks that assess specific markers of implicit linguistic competence. We administered a forced choice semantic categorization task developed in Italian (Belacchi and Cubelli in Journal of psycholinguistic research 41:295–310, 2012) for detecting the implicit use of grammatical gender markers in classifying epicenes names of animals: phonological and/or syntactic. Seventy Italian children with expressive-phonological DLD (mean age: 61.20 months) were compared with a same-size control group. Overall, the children with DLD performed more poorly than the control group. Also, the DLD participants used the phonological index to a significantly lesser extent, confirming their specific impairment in the phonological processing of words. The current study provided evidence for the status of phonological discrimination skills as a precursor of language development, and the value of using categorization tasks to assess implicit linguistic competence in children with DLD.
Against Public Reason’s Alleged Self-Defeat
Authors: Bespalov Andrei
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Mainstream political liberals hold that state coercion is legitimate only if it is justified on the grounds of reasons that all may reasonably be expected to accept. Critics argue that this public justification principle (PJP) is self-defeating, because it depends on moral justifications that not all may reasonably be expected to accept. To rebut the self-defeat objection, I elaborate on the following disjunction: one either agrees or disagrees that it is wrong to impose one’s morality on others by the coercive power of the state. Those who disagree reject PJP, they understand politics as war. Those who agree accept PJP, they understand politics as competition. Political competitors abide by PJP to avoid politics as war, by enforcing PJP on political combatants they engage in a war that is unavoidable. In both cases their exercise of political power has a justification that is reasonably acceptable to all.
The value of travel time savings in freight transport: a meta-analysis
Authors: Binsuwadan Jawaher , De Jong Gerard , Batley Richard , Wheat Phill
Published: July 2021

The value of freight travel time savings (VFTTS) is a monetary value that is considered an important input into cost–benefit analysis and traffic forecasting. The VFTTS is defined as the marginal rate of substitution between travel time and cost and may therefore differ across firms, time and countries. The paper aims to explain variations in the VFTTS by using the meta-analysis method. The analysis covers 106 monetary valuations extracted from 56 studies conducted from 1988 to 2018 in countries across the globe. The meta-analysis method determines the factors that have an impact on these VFTTS variations. The paper briefly introduces the VFTTS concept and describes the adopted meta-analysis methodology, wherein different meta-models are used in VFTTS estimations. The results highlight the necessity of including multiple explanatory variables to ensure adequate explanation of the VFTTS variations. The findings also show that GDP per capita, transport mode and type of survey respondent are statistically significant variables. The paper sheds some light on the variations, thereby advancing the understanding of each factor’s effects on the VFTTS. Furthermore, meta-model outcomes are used to generate new values of travel time savings for different transport modes in freight transport, for several countries. These implied VFTTS can be used as benchmarks to assess existing evidence or provide new evidence to countries where no such values exist.
Economics as symbolic capital: The consecration of elite business schools
Authors: Holmqvist Mikael
Published: July 2021

Ever since the first elite business schools were founded in Europe and the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s, they have enjoyed an intimate relationship with economics. Despite some notable analyses of economics’ importance for the successful institutionalization of business schools, an understanding of the relation between economics and elite business schools requires further development. As such, this paper focuses on ‘economics as symbolic capital’ for the consecration of business schools as elite settings, with particular emphasis on the symbolic aspects of economics’ cultural and social capital. Consecration can be seen as critical to the institutionalization of elite business schools; in contrast to the primary focus of previous studies on the material significance of economics in business schools, my chief concern is the discipline’s symbolic power and importance for business schools’ status as elite institutions in many countries today. Data from a study on Sweden’s elite business school, The Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), were based on both historical and contemporary sources, including archival material, biographies, statistics, participant observations, and interviews with faculty and students. The SSE is one of the world’s oldest elite business schools where economics has played a critical role ever since its establishment; the SSE’s economics faculty has a unique relation to the ultimate source of capital for contemporary global economics, namely, The Nobel Prize in Economics, which exerts a significant influence on the discipline’s general standing and status today.
Fisher Scoring for crossed factor linear mixed models
Authors: Maullin-Sapey Thomas , Nichols Thomas E.
Published: July 2021

The analysis of longitudinal, heterogeneous or unbalanced clustered data is of primary importance to a wide range of applications. The linear mixed model (LMM) is a popular and flexible extension of the linear model specifically designed for such purposes. Historically, a large proportion of material published on the LMM concerns the application of popular numerical optimization algorithms, such as Newton–Raphson, Fisher Scoring and expectation maximization to single-factor LMMs (i.e. LMMs that only contain one “factor” by which observations are grouped). However, in recent years, the focus of the LMM literature has moved towards the development of estimation and inference methods for more complex, multi-factored designs. In this paper, we present and derive new expressions for the extension of an algorithm classically used for single-factor LMM parameter estimation, Fisher Scoring, to multiple, crossed-factor designs. Through simulation and real data examples, we compare five variants of the Fisher Scoring algorithm with one another, as well as against a baseline established by the R package lme4, and find evidence of correctness and strong computational efficiency for four of the five proposed approaches. Additionally, we provide a new method for LMM Satterthwaite degrees of freedom estimation based on analytical results, which does not require iterative gradient estimation. Via simulation, we find that this approach produces estimates with both lower bias and lower variance than the existing methods.
Gesundheitskompetenz von Mitarbeitenden
Authors: Güttler C. , Kohls N.
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund

Um mit den zunehmenden Belastungen und Herausforderungen umgehen zu können, wird Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) im Alltag und Arbeitskontext immer wichtiger.

Ziel der Arbeit

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine Analyse der selbsteingeschätzten GK der Mitarbeitenden eines Unternehmens der verarbeitenden Metallindustrie durchzuführen und auf deren Grundlage Handlungsempfehlungen zur Stärkung der GK herauszustellen.

Material und Methoden

In dieser Arbeit wurde die GK der Mitarbeitenden mit der Kurzform des European Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16) sowie Angaben zum soziodemographischen Hintergrund, Gesundheitsverhalten, Gesundheitszustand und Wohlbefinden erhoben und analysiert. Mit Hilfe einer Online- und Paper-pencil-Befragung sollte in dieser quantitativen Erhebung eine repräsentative Stichprobe aus der Gesamtbelegschaft generiert werden.

Ergebnisse

Die meisten Mitarbeitenden der 458 teilgenommenen Personen verfügten über eine ausreichende GK (39,7 %). Mehr als die Hälfte der Mitarbeitenden (60,3 %) wies jedoch eine problematische oder inadäquate GK auf. Es konnten Zusammenhänge zwischen der GK und dem Wohlbefinden, Gesundheitszustand und verschiedenen gesundheitsförderlichen Verhaltensweisen festgestellt werden.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass ein Handlungsbedarf zur Stärkung der GK von Beschäftigten besteht. Durch die genannten Handlungsempfehlungen kann diese erzielt werden. Um deren Wirksamkeit zu überprüfen, sollte eine Folgeerhebung als Vergleich dienen. Weiterhin benötigt es einer dauerhaften Sensibilisierung aller Führungskräfte und Mitarbeitenden für die Förderung der GK.
Parasites of Three Closely Related Antarctic Fish Species (Teleostei: Nototheniinae) from Elephant Island
Authors: Alt Katharina G. , Cunze Sarah , Kochmann Judith , Klimpel Sven
Published: July 2021

Background

Studies of parasite communities and patterns in the Antarctic are an important knowledge base with the potential to track shifts in ecological relations and study the effects of climate change on host–parasite systems. Endemic Nototheniinae is the dominant fish group found in Antarctic marine habitats. Through their intermediate position within the food web, Nototheniinae link lower to higher trophic levels and thereby also form an important component of parasite life cycles. The study was set out to gain insight into the parasite fauna ofNototheniops larseni,N. nudifronsandLepidonotothen squamifrons(Nototheniinae) from Elephant Island (Antarctica).

Methods

Sampling was conducted at three locations around Elephant Island during the ANT-XXVIII/4 expedition of the research vessel Polarstern. The parasite fauna of three Nototheniine species was analysed, and findings were compared to previous parasitological and ecological research collated from a literature review.

Results

All host species shared the parasitesNeolebouria antarctica(Digenea),Corynosoma bullosum(Acanthocephala) andPseudoterranova decipiensE (Nematoda). Other parasite taxa were exclusive to one host species in this study.Nototheniops nudifronswas infected byAscarophis nototheniae(Nematoda), occasional infections ofN. larseniwithEchinorhynchus petrotschenkoi(Acanthocephala) andL. squamifronswithElytrophalloides oatesi(Digenea) and larval tetraphyllidean Cestoda were detected.

Conclusion

All examined fish species’ parasites were predominantly euryxenous regarding their fish hosts. The infection ofLepidonotothen squamifronswithLepidapedon garrardi(Digenea) andNototheniops larseniwithEchinorhynchus petrotschenkoirepresent new host records. Despite the challenges and limited opportunities for fishing in remote areas, future studies should continue sampling on a more regular basis and include a larger number of fish species and sampling sites within different habitats.
Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Dimensional Models of Personality Disorder in DSM-5 and ICD-11: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Back Sarah N. , Flechsenhar Aleya , Bertsch Katja , Zettl Max
Published: July 2021

Purpose of Review

Childhood trauma is an important risk factor for the development of personality disorders (PDs), yet most research has been devoted to categorical models of personality pathology. Considering the introduction of a dimensional PD model with ICD-11, we review current findings related to various forms of childhood trauma, and PDs, operationalized in the form of personality functioning and maladaptive traits. We focus on the magnitude of associations and examine specific relationships between emotional and physical trauma with areas of personality functioning and single traits.

Recent Findings

Two studies showed a strong association between childhood trauma and personality dysfunction. Seven studies, including clinical and forensic samples, demonstrated heterogeneous associations between various forms of childhood trauma and maladaptive traits. Overall, four studies indicated a slightly stronger association between personality dysfunction, maladaptive trait expression, and higher levels of emotional trauma than for physical or sexual trauma. Regarding specific trait domains and childhood trauma, most studies yielded the strongest associations for either psychoticism or detachment.

Research on childhood trauma and dimensional PD models (i.e., personality functioning and traits) has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of their complex relationship. However, high intercorrelations among different types of childhood trauma, areas of personality functioning, and trait domains increase the difficulty of disentangling single effects. More research is needed including clinical and non-Western samples, especially considering the upcoming ICD-11 classification.
Insights into the role of gender in aesthetic design: a participatory study on the design of digital health wearables
Authors: Esfahani Bahar Khayamian , Sareh Pooya
Published: July 2021

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in facilitating the real-time processing of data is revolutionising the future of healthcare through mobile diagnostics, remote monitoring devices, and wearable technology products. The rise in digital wearables for remote healthcare is evolving at an increasing pace towards patient-centred and personalised care with connected patients. This transformation is creating new opportunities for designers to increase patients' participation and sustain their engagement in remote healthcare. In this paper, the authors have investigated the role of gender in aesthetic design in the context of digital health wearables to enhance user engagement and interaction. The investigations were conducted through participatory design sessions and showed a constructive relationship between aesthetic preferences and understanding the influence of gender as a means of facilitating user engagement with digital health wearables. This paper presents a novel user response model that leads to suggestions for future work, including research in the areas of gender awareness in aesthetics to move beyond traditional, stereotypical, and pre-identified gendered characteristics related to femininity and masculinity. The findings conclude with a path forwards for design research to promote gender awareness in aesthetic design for the realisation of healthcare wearables of the future.
Public procurement and innovation
Authors: Caranta Roberto , Gomes Pedro Cerqueira
Published: July 2021

Innovation has come to the forefront of EU public procurement. Directive 2014/24/EU has given contracting authorities in the Member States a new award procedure to pursue innovation, namely the innovation partnership. Still a number of issues remain open, notably concerning the allocation of intellectual property rights that may call for the application of State aids rules. Further guidance is thus expected from the Commission.
Mind the Energy Performance Gap: testing the accuracy of building Energy Performance Certificates in Ireland
Authors: Coyne Bryan , Denny Eleanor
Published: July 2021

Ireland’s Climate Action Plan aims upgrade 500,000 homes to B2 Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) standard by 2030. Evidence of an Energy Performance Gap, where actual energy use differs from the EPC, could undermine progress towards such targets. This paper studies the energy performance gap for a general housing sample (n = 9923) over multiple years. It provides a novel comparison between whole-home energy use (electricity and gas) that accounts for fuel switching and removes potential rebound effects by excluding households that may have changed their behaviour following a retrofit. Results suggest that actual energy use is unresponsive to the EPC, with a range of 457 kWh/year observed across EPC-level averages for the entire sample. This difference equated to less than 5% of the sample average annual energy use observed. The Energy Performance Gap range features an average deficit of 17% below theoretical energy use. The least energy efficient dwellings feature an average difference ranging from − 15 to − 56% of the relevant EPC. Conversely, energy efficient houses display higher-than-theoretical energy use, with average surpluses ranging from 39 to 54% of the relevant EPC. Results sound a note of caution for policymakers that rely on a theoretical EPC to deliver real energy savings. Future EPCs could be improved by incorporating historical household energy usage to help improve models.
DICER1-Mutated Botryoid Fibroepithelial Polyp of the Parotid Duct: Report of the First Case
Authors: Erber Ramona , Preidl Raimund , Stoehr Robert , Haller Florian , Hartmann Arndt , Kesting Marco , Agaimy Abbas
Published: July 2021

DICER1, a member of the ribonuclease III family, is involved in the biogenesis of microRNAs and, hence, it influences gene expression regulation.DICER1germline (associated with the inheritedDICER1syndrome) or somatic mutations have been linked to tumorigenesis in histogenetically diverse benign and malignant neoplasms in different organs including pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, thyroblastoma, intracranial sarcoma and gonadal Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors in addition to others. Moreover, rare botryoid (giant) fibroepithelial polyps may harbor this mutation. Herein, we describe the first reported case of aDICER1-mutated botryoid fibroepithelial polyp occurring within the parotid duct of a 65-year-old female who has no other features or family history of the DICER1 syndrome. Based on its distinctive morphology, we tested this lesion specifically forDICER1mutations and confirmed the presence of a pathogenicDICER1variant with a low allele frequency, consistent with a somatic mutation.
Spontaneous Tumour Lysis Syndrome Secondary to Metastatic Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma: a Case Report and Reflection
Authors: Tuharska Zofia , Galloway Sarah , Stockman Alan , Damaskos Dimitrios
Published: July 2021

Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a well-recognised oncological emergency caused by rapid destruction of cancer cells. Despite most commonly occurring in haematological malignancies or following initiation of chemotherapy, rarely, it occurs in solid tumours without any trigger. Release of nucleic acids during cell breakdown produces large amounts of uric acid resulting in crystallisation within the renal tubules, clinically manifesting as severe acute kidney injury. We hereby discuss the first reported case of lethal spontaneous TLS in a 77-year-old patient admitted with newly diagnosed metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma and reflect on the importance of considering rarer causes of severe AKI in patients with solid organ cancers.