bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Audit Operasional dalam Prinsip Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas pada Kantor Kelurahan Baurung Kecamatan Banggae Timur Kabupaten Majene
Authors: Syachbrani Warka , Baharuddin Sitti Mujahida
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find empirical evidence of how the implementation ofOperational Audit on the Principles of Transparency and Accountability in Governmentagencies.Thisresearchusedtheobservationanddocumentationmethodorcontentanalysismethod. Research data collection was carried out at the apparatus of KelurahanBaurung, Kecamatan Banggae Barat, Kabupaten Majene. The results of this studyfounded that the existence of an operational audit in accordance with applicable auditstandards and in accordance with the operational audit stages, would be able to improvethe principles of transparency and accountability in realizing good governance in thepublicsector.
Variabilidad metabólica asociada a índices de insulinorresistencia en pacientes de 20-35 años con sobrepeso atendidos en el Hospital General Los Esteros, Manta
Authors: Chamba Mero Bryan Alexander , Zambrano Saltos Magaly Lisseth , Lino Villacreses William Antonio
Published: February 2021

El Síndrome Metabólico se lo conoce también como Variabilidad Metabólica denominado así por el conjunto de alteraciones metabólicas inmersas en distintos subgrupos de la obesidad, también se lo halla en la disminución de las concentraciones séricas del colesterol unido a altos potenciales de variantes de la Insulina, en el aumento de la presión arterial (PA) y en la hiperglucemia, todos para un diagnóstico necesario en el que los individuos presenten, al menos, tres de estas alteraciones metabólicas, características suficientes para obtener un alto índice de  probabilidad en  que aparezcan algunas de las enfermedades subyacentes. Objetivo: Determinar la variabilidad metabólica asociado a índices de Insulinorresistencia en pacientes de 20-35 años con sobrepeso atendidos en el Hospital General Clínico Los Esteros del cantón Manta. Para el desarrollo del proyecto se utilizó investigación descriptiva correlacional de corte transversal empleando estudios analíticos, observacional y laboratorio. Metodología: Muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia empleando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión a partir de encuesta, seleccionando a 123 pacientes que se les realizó las pruebas de Insulina y Glucosa, mediante método cinético y de ELISA. Resultados: Calculando la glucosa con 38 casos equivalentes a un 30,89%,  Índice de Cintura y Cadera con 7 casos equivalentes a 5,69%; Presión arterial con un factor  de 30 casos equivalentes a 24,39%; Insulina con una alteración de 32 casos equivalentes 26,2%. La correlación positiva respecto a la edad del índice HOMA-IR fue directamente proporcional al incremento de peso en edades comprendidas entre 28-31 años (p=0,007), se observó (p=0,006) con la presión, al nivel de insulina (0,006), sin embargo no se observa correlación con el Índice de cintura y Cadera (p=0,3). Conclusión: los trabajadores de reingreso laboral de los 123 casos presentaron alteraciones en: la glucosa; Presión arterial con un factor  de 30 casos; Insulina con una alteración de 32 casos.
Manejo anestésico de pacientes con covid-19: prevención y control quirúrgico
Authors: Moreira Véliz Lisseth Alejandra , Sánchez Fernández Juan Pablo , Salas Hurtado Ingrid Lissette
Published: February 2021

La infección por covid-19, un nuevo tipo de coronavirus, cuyo epicentro de esta pandemia inició en Wuhan, China en diciembre del 2019 provoco una diseminación global, con una alta posibilidad de infectarse en cualquier parte del mundo, especialmente en áreas urbanas densas. En el campo de la anestesiología supone un alto riesgo de contagio, debido al acercamiento a las vías respiratorias del paciente, exponiendo al personal de salud a las secreciones respiratorias en aerosol. Se seleccionó toda la literatura relevante sobre covid-19 y anestesia, con un enfoque en el manejo, prevención y control durante la cirugía. De un total de 44 artículos seleccionados de junio a diciembre del 2020, se excluyeron los estudios sobre tratamiento, ensayos clínicos y metaanálisis, quedando para el análisis 15 artículos. La finalidad de esta revisión es proporcionar una actualización de la enfermedad para ampliar los conocimientos y mejor la calidad de atención.
Therapeutic management of acute respiratory infections in AIEPI
Authors: Abad-Martínez Nancy Isabel , Ramírez-Coronel Andrés Alexis , Martínez-Suárez Pedro Carlos , González-León Fanny Mercedes , Romero-Sacoto Lilian Azucena
Published: February 2021

To determine the therapeutic management of acute respiratory infections within the IMCI strategy in children from 2 to 59 months in the health centres of Déleg, Javier Loyola and San Miguel de Porotos. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study, cross-sectional, quantitative, sample of 314 children attended in the health center Déleg, Javier Loyola and San Miguel de Porotos, diagnosed with acute respiratory infection. Instrument: A collection form was designed with the respective validation by experts. Data were collected from the medical history of children from 2 to 59 months. Results: Male predominance 56.7%, age 2 to 11 months 28.6%, predominance of cough or common cold 31.4% followed by pharyngo-tonsillitis 22.2%, therapeutic management of pharyngo-tonsillitis is based on the use of amoxicillin and paracetamol 54.5%, in cough or cold receive paracetamol 30.8% and other children with the same diagnosis receive paracetamol plus loratadine 72%. In simple counseling, sore throat relief predominates 80.0% and cough relief 65%. Conclusion: The classification specified in the IMCI strategy is not met. There is a high percentage of diagnoses of pharyngo-tonsillitis that are not specified as being viral or bacterial, and other cases are treated with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid.
Эпилепсия и коморбидные психические расстройства
Authors: Dubatova I. V. , Efremov V. V. , Dolgusheva Yu. A.
Published: February 2021

В учебном пособии изложены современные взгляды на проблему эпилепсии и эпилептических синдромов, рассмотрены вопросы этиологии и патогенеза, подробно изложена международная классификация эпилепсии и эпилептических синдромов, приведена клиника и диагностика, базирующаяся на современных методах исследования, описаны основные клинические формы эпилепсии и эпилептических синдромов. Особое внимание уделено личностным изменениям, имеющих решающее значение при реабилитации и реадаптации больных эпилепсией. Подробно излагаются современные подходы в лечении эпилепсии и эпилептических синдромов. Прилагаются контрольные тесты и разбор клинических случаев, а также перечень художественных и кинематографических произведений, создавших образы больных эпилепсией. Учебное пособие предназначено для клинических ординаторов и аспирантов, осваивающих основную образовательную программу по специальностям «Психиатрия» и «Неврология», представляет интерес для врачей-психиатров, неврологов и клинических психологов, а также будет полезным для врачей общей практики и терапевтов. Утверждено на заседании центральной методической комиссии ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ Минздрава России. Протокол No 1 от 10 ноября 2020 г. Одобрено на заседании кафедры психиатрии ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ Минздрава России. Протокол № 5 от 23 сентября 2020 г. Одобрено на заседании кафедры нервных болезней и нейрохирургии ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ Минздрава России. Протокол № 2 от 30 сентября 2020 г.
Perinatal Hasta Güvenliği ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı
Authors: YILMAZ Büşra , OSKAY Ümran
Published: February 2021

Perinatal dönemde maternal, fetal ve yenidoğan güvenliğinin sağlanması tüm sağlık çalışanları için ortak bir hedeftir. Büyük çoğunluğunu genç sağlıklı kadınların oluşturduğu perinatal dönemde anne ve bebekle ilgili istenmeyen olumsuz bir durum çok yıkıcı bir sonucu beraberinde getirebilir. Bu sebeple perinatoloji alanında anne ve bebek güvenliği uygulamaları öncelikli olmalıdır. Kimliklendirme hataları, iletişim problemleri, ilaç güvenliği hataları ve düşmeler perinatal hasta güvenliği sorunlarının başında gelmektedir. İyi bir ekip eğitimi, etkili iletişim, simülasyon uygulamaları, fetal izlem eğitimi, mesleki davranışları ve güvenlik kültürü geliştirme çalışmaları, rol playler, klinik yönergeler ve kontrol listeleri hasta güvenlik uygulamalarının kilit bileşenlerini oluşturmaktadır. Çağdaş perinatoloji uygulamalarında hemşirelik bakımının temel bileşenlerinden biri de hastaların güvenliğini sağlamaktır. Perinataloji hemşiresi hasta güvenliği ile ilgili bilgilerini güncel tutarak, klinik sonuçları izleyerek, ekip çalışmasında aktif rol alarak ve güvenilir bir rol modeli olarak hasta güvenliğine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu derleme, perinatal hasta güvenliğinin güncel klinik yönergeler, standart protokoller aracılığıyla ele alınması ve perinatoloji uygulamalarında aktif rol alan hemşirelerin rollerini belirtmek amacıyla yazılmıştır.
Ülkemizde Kadın Sağlığının Öncelikli Sorunları
Authors: KIZILKAYA BEJİ Nezihe , KAYA Gizem , SAVAŞER Sevim
Published: February 2021

Kadın sağlığı kavramı, kadınların fiziksel, sosyal ve psikolojik olarak tam iyilik halinde olması durumunu ifade etmektedir. Kadın sağlığını, kadının aile ve toplumdaki yeri, sağlık durumu ve sağlık hizmeti ile ilgili faktörler etkilemektedir. Üreme çağı kadınların en çok sağlık sorunları ile karşılaştığı dönemdir. Bu dönemde anne ölümleri, istenmeyen gebelikler, cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar, toplumsal eşitsizlikler, kadına yönelik şiddet vb. gibi sorunlar sıklıkla görülmektedir. Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı sorunlarına yönelik yasal düzenlemeler ve eylem planları mevcuttur. Yapılan düzenlemelerde sağlık sektörünün önemli bir parçası olan ve sağlık hizmetinin sunumunda anahtar rol üstlenen hemşire ve ebelerin bu sorunların çözüme ulaşmasında önemli görev ve sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır.
MagAO Observations of the Binary Microlens OGLE-2014-BLG-1050 Prefer the Higher-mass Solution*
Authors: Xie Xiaojia , Dong Subo , Zhu Wei , Gould A. , Udalski A. , Beaulieu J.-P. , Close L. M. , Males J. R. , Marquette J.-B. , Morzinski K. M. , Pogge R. W. , Yee J. C.
Published: February 2021

We report adaptive optics (AO) follow-up imaging of OGLE-2014-BLG-1050, which is the second binary microlensing event with space-based parallax measurements. The degeneracy in microlens parallax π
E led to two sets of solutions, either a ∼ (0.9, 0.35)M
⊙ binary at ∼3.5 kpc or a ∼(0.2, 0.07)M
⊙ binary at ∼1.1 kpc. We measure the flux blended with the microlensed source by conducting Magellan AO observations, and find that the blending is consistent with the predicted lens flux from the higher-mass solution. From the combination of the AO flux measurement together with previous lensing constraints, it is estimated that the lens system consists of a

primary and a

secondary at

kpc.
Host Star Metallicity of Directly Imaged Wide-orbit Planets: Implications for Planet Formation
Authors: Swastik C. , Banyal Ravinder K. , Narang Mayank , Manoj P. , Sivarani T. , Reddy Bacham E. , Rajaguru S. P.
Published: February 2021

Directly imaged planets (DIPs) are self-luminous companions of pre-main-sequence and young main-sequence stars. They reside in wider orbits (∼tens to thousands of astronomical units) and generally are more massive compared to the close-in (≲10 au) planets. Determining the host star properties of these outstretched planetary systems is important to understand and discern various planet formation and evolution scenarios. We present the stellar parameters and metallicity ([Fe/H]) for a subsample of 18 stars known to host planets discovered by the direct imaging technique. We retrieved the high-resolution spectra for these stars from public archives and used the synthetic spectral fitting technique and Bayesian analysis to determine the stellar properties in a uniform and consistent way. For eight sources, the metallicities are reported for the first time, while the results are consistent with the previous estimates for the other sources. Our analysis shows that metallicities of stars hosting DIPs are close to solar with a mean [Fe/H] = −0.04 ± 0.27 dex. The large scatter in metallicity suggests that a metal-rich environment may not be necessary to form massive planets at large orbital distances. We also find that the planet mass–host star metallicity relation for the directly imaged massive planets in wide orbits is very similar to that found for the well-studied population of short-period (≲1 yr) super-Jupiters and brown dwarfs around main-sequence stars.
s-processing in AGB Stars Revisited. III. Neutron Captures from MHD Mixing at Different Metallicities and Observational Constraints
Authors: Busso Maurizio , Vescovi Diego , Palmerini Sara , Cristallo Sergio , Antonuccio-Delogu Vincenzo
Published: February 2021

We present post-process neutron-capture computations for Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars of 1.5–3 M
⊙ and metallicities −1.3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.1. The reference stellar models are computed with the FRANEC code, using the Schwarzschild's criterion for convection; our motivations for this choice are outlined. We assume that MHD processes induce the penetration of protons below the convective boundary, when the Third Dredge Up occurs. There, the 13C n-source can subsequently operate, merging its effects with those of the 22Ne(α, n)25Mg  reaction, activated at the temperature peaks characterizing AGB stages. This work has three main scopes. (i) We provide a grid of abundance yields, as produced through our MHD mixing scheme, which are uniformly sampled in mass and metallicity. From this, we deduce that the solar s-process distribution, as well as the abundances in recent stellar populations, can be accounted for, without the need of the extra primary-like contributions suggested in the past. (ii) We formulate analytic expressions for the mass of the 13C-pockets generated to allow easy verification of our findings. (iii) We compare our results with observations of evolved stars and with isotopic ratios in presolar SiC grains, also noticing how some flux tubes should survive turbulent disruption, carrying C-rich materials into the winds even when the envelope is O-rich. This wind phase is approximated through the G-component of AGB s-processing. We conclude that MHD-induced mixing is adequate to drive slow n-capture phenomena accounting for observations; our prescriptions should permit its inclusion into current stellar evolutionary codes.
Revealing the Accretion Physics of Supermassive Black Holes at Redshift z ∼ 7 with Chandra and Infrared Observations
Authors: Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Yang Jinyi , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Wu Xue-Bing , Li Jiang-Tao , Bañados Eduardo , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Nanni Riccardo , Ai Yanli , Bian Fuyan , Davies Frederick B. , Decarli Roberto , Hennawi Joseph F. , Schindler Jan-Torge , Venemans Bram , Walter Fabian
Published: February 2021

X-ray emission from quasars has been detected up to redshift z = 7.5, although only limited to a few objects at z > 6.5. In this work, we present new Chandra observations of five z > 6.5 quasars. By combining with archival Chandra observations of six additional z > 6.5 quasars, we perform a systematic analysis on the X-ray properties of these earliest accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs). We measure the black hole masses, bolometric luminosities (L
bol), Eddington ratios (λ
Edd), emission line properties, and infrared luminosities (L
IR) of these quasars using infrared and submillimeter observations. Correlation analysis indicates that the X-ray bolometric correction (the factor that converts from X-ray luminosity to bolometric luminosity) decreases with increasing L
bol, and that the UV/optical-to-X-ray ratio, α
ox, strongly correlates with L
2500 Å
, and moderately correlates with λ
Edd and blueshift of C iv emission lines. These correlations are consistent with those found in lower-z quasars, indicating quasar accretion physics does not evolve with redshift. We also find that L
IR does not correlate with L
2–10 keV in these luminous distant quasars, suggesting that the ratio of the SMBH growth rate and their host galaxy growth rate in these early luminous quasars are different from those of local galaxies. A joint spectral analysis of the X-ray detected z > 6.5 quasars yields an average X-ray photon index of

, steeper than that of low-z quasars. By comparing it with the Γ − λ
Edd relation, we conclude that the steepening of Γ for quasars at z > 6.5 is mainly driven by their higher Eddington ratios.
PSR J1709-4429's Proper Motion and Its Relationship to SNR G343.1–2.3
Authors: de Vries Martijn , Romani Roger W. , Kargaltsev Oleg , Pavlov George , Posselt Bettina , Slane Patrick , Bucciantini Niccolo’ , Ng C.-Y. , Klingler Noel
Published: February 2021

We have obtained a deep (670 ks) CXO ACIS image of the remarkable pulsar wind nebula (PWN) of PSR J1709−4429, in four epochs during 2018–2019. Comparison with an archival 2004 data set provides a pulsar proper motion μ = 13 ± 3 mas yr−1 at a PA of 86° ± 9° (1σ combined statistical and systematic uncertainties), precluding birth near the center of SNR G343.1−2.3. At the pulsar’s characteristic age of 17 kyr, the association can be preserved through a combination of progenitor wind, birth kick, and PWN outflow. Associated TeV emission may, however, indicate an explosion in an earlier supernova. Inter-epoch comparison of the X-ray images shows that the PWN is dynamic, but we are unable to conclusively measure flow speeds from blob motion. The pulsar has generated a radio/X-ray wind bubble, and we argue that the PWN’s long narrow jets are swept back by shocked pulsar wind venting from this cavity. These jets may trace the polar magnetic field lines of the PWN flow, an interesting challenge for numerical modeling.
An Improved Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram for the Orion Trapezium Cluster
Authors: Fang Min , Kim Jinyoung Serena , Pascucci Ilaria , Apai Dániel
Published: February 2021

We present a study of the Trapezium cluster in Orion. We analyze flux-calibrated Very Large Telescope/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer spectra of 361 stars to simultaneously measure the spectral types, reddening, and the optical veiling due to accretion. We find that the extinction law from Cardelli et al. with a total-to-selective extinction value of R
V = 5.5 is more suitable for this cluster. For 68% of the sample the new spectral types are consistent with literature spectral types within two subclasses but, as expected, we derive systematically later types than the literature by one to two subclasses for the sources with significant accretion levels. Here we present an improved Hertzsprung–Russell (H-R) diagram of the Trapezium cluster, in which the contamination by optical veiling on spectral types and stellar luminosities has been properly removed. A comparison of the locations of the stars in the H-R diagram with the non-magnetic and magnetic pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks indicates an age of 1–2 Myr. The magnetic pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks can better explain the luminosities of the low-mass stars. In the H-R diagram, the cluster exhibits a large luminosity spread (σ(Log L
⋆/L
⊙) ∼ 0.3). By collecting a sample of 14 clusters/groups with different ages, we find that the luminosity spread tends to be constant (σ(Log L
⋆/L
⊙) ∼ 0.2–0.25) after 2 Myr, which suggests that age spread is not the main cause of the luminosity spread. There are ∼0.1 dex larger luminosity spreads for the younger clusters, e.g., the Trapezium cluster, than the older clusters, which can be explained by the starspots, accretion history, and circumstellar disk orientations.
The Formation of Carbonaceous Material in the Early Solar Nebula: The Role of Metal Dusting
Authors: Ferguson Frank T. , Johnson Natasha M. , Abreu Neyda , Nuth Joseph A.
Published: February 2021

For many years it has been suggested that the carbonaceous material found in association with Fe/Ni metal and metal carbides in primitive bodies is linked to the Fischer–Tropsch reaction. This is especially true with chondritic-porous interplanetary dust particles, which are considered to have a cometary origin and are among some of the most primitive and least processed materials available for study. Another phenomenon which occurs under the same carburizing conditions as the Fischer–Tropsch reaction is called metal dusting and could be a possible pathway to forming some of the carbonaceous material found in primitive bodies. Metal dusting is a catastrophic corrosion of metal under these carburizing conditions that results in a porous mixture of carbonaceous material, metal, and metal carbides. In the case of pure iron, type I metal dusting results in the formation of a metastable iron carbide, typically cementite, Fe3C. While metal dusting has been studied industrially for over 50 years, it does not appear to have been applied to the formation of carbonaceous material in astrophysical settings. In this work, the general mechanism of metal dusting on iron is described and a thermodynamic analysis of the dusting phenomena applied to solar nebula conditions. Rate measurements are made with pure iron samples over the temperature range from 400°C to 950°C. In addition, the products from experimental runs at 500°C and 600°C are studied by transmission electron microscopy. Results show that iron carbide particles are formed with carbonaceous material consisting of poorly graphitized carbon.
Universal Conditional Distribution Function of [O ii] Luminosity of Galaxies, and Prediction for the [O ii] Luminosity Function at Redshift z < 3
Authors: Gao Hongyu , Jing Y. P.
Published: February 2021

The star-forming emission line galaxies (ELGs) with a strong [O ii] doublet are one of the main spectroscopic targets for the ongoing and upcoming fourth-generation galaxy redshift surveys. In this work, we measure the [O ii] luminosity L
[O II] and the absolute magnitude in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) band M
NUV for a large sample of galaxies in the redshift range 0.6 ≤ z < 1.45 from the Public Data Release 2 (PDR-2) of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). We aim to construct the intrinsic relationship between L
[O II] and M
NUV through Bayesian analysis. In particular, we develop two different methods to properly correct for the incompleteness effect and observational errors in the [O ii] emission line measurement. Our results indicate that the conditional distribution of L
[O II] at a given M
NUV can be well described by a universal probability distribution function (PDF), which is independent of M
NUV and redshift. Convolving the L
[O II] conditional PDF with the NUV luminosity function (LF) available in the literature, we make a prediction for [O ii] LFs at z < 3. The predicted [O ii] LFs are in good agreement with the observational results from the literature. Finally, we utilize the predicted [O ii] LFs to estimate the number counts of [O ii] emitters for the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph survey. This universal conditional PDF of L
[O II] provides a novel way to optimize the source targeting strategy for [O ii] emitters in future galaxy redshift surveys, and to model [O ii] emitters in theories of galaxy formation.
Observational Support for Massive Black Hole Formation Driven by Runaway Stellar Collisions in Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Escala Andrés
Published: February 2021

We explore a scenario for massive black hole formation driven by stellar collisions in galactic nuclei, proposing a new formation regime of global instability in nuclear stellar clusters triggered by runaway stellar collisions. Using order-of-magnitude estimations, we show that observed nuclear stellar clusters avoid the regime where stellar collisions are dynamically relevant over the whole system, while resolved detections of massive black holes are well into such collision-dominated regimes. We interpret this result in terms of massive black holes and nuclear stellar clusters being different evolutionary paths of a common formation mechanism, unified under the standard terminology of both being central massive objects. We propose a formation scenario where central massive objects more massive than ∼108
M
⊙, which also have relaxation times longer that their collision times, will be too dense (in virial equilibrium) to be globally stable against stellar collisions, and most of the mass will collapse toward the formation of a massive black hole. Contrarily, this will only be the case at the core of less dense central massive objects, leading to the formation of black holes with much lower black hole efficiencies

, with these efficiencies ϵ
BH drastically growing for central massive objects more massive than ∼107
M
⊙, approaching unity around M
CMO ∼ 108
M
⊙. We show that the proposed scenario successfully explains the relative trends observed in the masses, efficiencies, and scaling relations between massive black holes and nuclear stellar clusters.
Mitomycin C Application After Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus Increases Stromal Haze
Authors: Awwad Shady T. , Chacra Lily M. , Helwe Chadi , Dhaini Ahmad R. , Telvizian Talar , Torbey Julien , Abdul Fattah Maamoun , Torres-Netto Emilio A. , Hafezi Farhad , Shetty Rohit
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE:

To evaluate and compare corneal haze as determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after corneal cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of mild to moderate keratoconus with or without mitomycin C (MMC) application.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective analysis of 87 eyes of 72 patients with mild to moderate keratoconus. The first group (n = 44 eyes) underwent CXL between June 2013 and January 2015 and the second group (n = 43 eyes) underwent CXL with MMC (CXL+MMC) between February and December 2015, both following the Dresden protocol. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Main outcome measures were corneal reflectivity and haze reflectivity measured by a specially developed OCT image analysis software.

RESULTS:

Anterior corneal reflectivity at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively was 14.79 ± 4.68 and 25.97 ± 15.01 (
P
< .001), and 13.88 ± 4.39 and 18.41 ± 9.25 (
P
= .025) for the CXL and CXL+MMC groups, respectively. The reflectivity of the anterior stromal haze region at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively was 23.15 ± 5.91 and 33.14 ± 16.58 (
P
= .005), and 20.58 ± 7.88 and 27.14 ± 12.80 (
P
= .049) for both groups, respectively. The changes in simulated keratometry from preoperatively to postoperatively were similar in both groups. The CXL+MMC group showed larger maximum keratometry flattening: 53.41 ± 6.88 diopters (D) preoperatively and 49.44 ± 5.66 D 1 year postoperatively versus 52.27 ± 5.78 and 50.91 ± 4.25 D for CXL alone (
P
= .008).

CONCLUSIONS:

MMC application following CXL significantly increases corneal haze. Similar studies need to be performed on simultaneous CXL and photorefractive keratectomy to evaluate the role of MMC in haze formation in such procedures.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(2):83–90.]
Phacoemulsification After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty: Incidence and Influence on Endothelial Cell Density
Authors: Vasiliauskaitė Indrė , Dhubhghaill Sorcha Ní , Ham Lisanne , Van Dijk Korine , Oellerich Silke , Melles Gerrit R. J.
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE:

To analyze the incidence of cataract extraction after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in phakic eyes and to evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification after DMEK on the donor endothelial cell density (ECD).

METHODS:

The clinical data of phakic patients with DMEK were examined. From this cohort, all patients who subsequently underwent phacoemulsification after DMEK were reviewed. Data from a prospectively collected dataset were analyzed, including demographic profile, ECD, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), and complications.

RESULTS:

From a series of 261 phakic patients with DMEK, 35 eyes (13.4%) required cataract surgery within the mean follow-up period of 54.2 ± 28 months. The mean time from DMEK to phacoemulsification was 18 ± 13 months (range: 3 to 69 months). The probability of cataract extraction after DMEK was 0.06 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.09) at 1 year and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.22) at 10 years, respectively. ECD decreased from 1,314 ± 524 cells/mm
2
before phacoemulsification to 1,167 ± 443 cells/mm
2
(−11%) at 1 to 6 months postoperatively (
P
= .333). CDVA improved from 0.27 ± 0.13 logMAR preoperatively to 0.07 ± 0.12 logMAR at 1 to 6 months postoperatively. CCT before phacoemulsification was 532 ± 46 µm and remained stable at 539 ± 56 µm at 1 to 6 months after phacoemulsification. Phacoemulsification did not elicit DMEK graft detachment in any of the eyes studied.

CONCLUSIONS:

The incidence and 10-year projection of cataract extraction in phakic eyes with DMEK was relatively low. Phacoemulsification after DMEK provided excellent CDVA outcomes, did not induce graft detachment, and was associated with an acceptable decrease in ECD.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(2):119–125.]
Violazioni amministrative in campo forestale. Confronto fra normative regionali
Authors: Gerbaldo Stefano
Published: February 2021

The present work is proposed as a contribution to discussion about new Italian forest legislation and as a possible starting point for future policies. Some regional regulations have been compared for what concerns the administrative sanctioning rules applied in the sector. To give concreteness to the present argument, a specific case study has been carried out in the province of Cuneo (Piedmont, Italy). The istance has been chosen for its representativeness and high frequency, being its dendrometric parameters common in other regional contexts. Specifically, a pure meso-eutrophic beechwood has been analyzed. This has revealed a certain lack of homogeneity in the attribution of the form of forest management (coppice vs. highforest management systems). In fact there are different legal definitions of their dendrometric parameters. As a result, there are different silvicultural treatments to apply and very different levels of growing stock (in terms of number of trees, canopy cover area or tree volume) to be released. But it is above all the estimations of the allowable cut considered illegal (i.e. in stock volume and in number of trees), and even more the amounts of the administrative penalties that display the greatest differences. These differences would be even more relevant in the case of implementation of the European Union Regulation no. 995/2010, the so-called “Due Diligence”, which contrasts the trade of illegally sourced timber, and enumerates cases of law infringements strictly dependent on the configuration of the administrative offenses defined by regional regulations. The study carried out therefore highlights the opportunity to evaluate, in the appropriate areas of interinstitutional collaboration, the control algorithms for the best possible harmonization of the applicable regulations in Italy; the final goal should be the reduction of possible competitive imbalances between various companies operating in different regional contexts.
Stato dell’arte e analisi statistica della pianificazione a livello comunale in Basilicata
Authors: Cipollaro Salvatore , Eligiato Giuseppe , Racana Antonio , Antonucci Francesca
Published: February 2021

This work has the purpose to define current level of Basilicata Region’s forest management planning (PAF) and to collect different data concerning to municipal agro-silvo-pastoral properties, administrated until today, and about the planning level reached. In order to allow a correct comparison about different forest populations, the acquired data have been aggregated into homogeneous categories. According to PAF information in this paper are listed: working circle types, main forest system used type, main and dominant species and age-class distribution. Data analysis were based on a comparative analysis about of spatial impact of managed areas if related to analyzed factors, in order to evaluate the areal distribution of collected information. In both provinces (Potenza and Matera), according to data analysis, the working circles that appear to be more frequent have productive and protective functions, while the most extensive type of management forms is high forest system. The comparison between tree factors like main species, managed area and provinces show that in Matera Province the dominant species is the Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.); instead beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is the most widespread one in province of Potenza. Moreover Quercus is the most represented genus on the regional territory, if you add mixed oak woods to the Turkey oak. Age-class distribution is an another factor which make a difference between Potenza and Matera provinces: while in Matera is easier to found young forests, uneven-aged management is typical of Potenza’s area, and in both cases we found high forest system. The connection between main species and forest system show us that simple coppice system is typical of mixed oak woods instead beech or Turkey oak pure stand are previously managed as high forest system. In a large quantity of cases, Basilicata Regions coppices are however aged, as shown by the age-class distribution analysis. Finally this work try to understand the relationship between forest management and forest fires.
Innovazioni per la valorizzazione multifunzionale degli alpeggi
Authors: Piccardi Biagio , Calvo Enrico , Buzzetti Italo
Published: February 2021

In the mountains of Lombardy, the practice of mountain pastures is an activity increasingly in crisis, even if it continues to be necessary and essential for the management of the territory and the social, cultural and economic promotion of mountain areas. A multifunctional approach to the management of mountain pastures is instead a suitable way to give value to the different natural, human, productive and cultural components which make up alpine activity. The article proposes a series of innovative initiatives to enhance, strengthen and support the activities of mountain farmers with particular attention to multi-functional aspects such as landscape conservation, typical productions, recreational and cultural services.
Un caso di riduzione della superficie fogliare nei cedui castanili da frutto sul Monte Vulture (Basilicata)
Authors: Lopinto Michele
Published: February 2021

In the summer of 2017 a microphyllia was noticed in the chestnut coppices for fruit production on the Vulture mountain. Due to the particular weather conditions, it is possible to connect it to the water deficit and the high temperatures which characterized the summer of that year.
Authoritarianism in Jamaican Teachers' Colleges
Authors: Howells Carol A.
Published: February 2021

What is authoritarianism? The authors of the original research were concerned with the problem of discovering whether there is a type of personality which is predisposed to fascism and ethnic prejudice, and by implication, a personality of what they describe as generally anti-democratic tendency. They did indeed find evidence that such a type of personality exists, and produced a test (the California F Scale) designed to measure this dimension. More recently, and closer to home, a study done in Jamaica last year comparing the effectiveness of teachers at remedial reading teaching, showed quite clearly that teachers with flexible, democratic attitudes, who were alive to the needs of their pupils for confidence and encouragement, achieved far better results than those with more authoritarian attitudes.
Teaching About Teaching - A Strategy
Authors: King Ruby
Published: February 2021

Central to the educative process is the transaction which takes place between the learner and the teacher. The main concern, therefore, of teacher education programmes is to improve the quality of future transactions by help­ing teachers (in-service and in-training) to understand the learner, the dynamics of learning, and their own roles in the transaction. The case study presented in this article is based on the premise that student-teachers will continue to grope in the dark until they have developed the necessary understandings and insights. It is imperative that our student-teachers receive such help as will enable them to reach the stage where teaching becomes a deliberate meaningful act. This breakthrough can be quickly effected when the student-teacher is made to come to grips with the realities of life in the classroom directly through actual teaching, and indirectly through appropriate room directly through actual teaching, and indirectly through appropriate supporting materials in the local idiom, which reflect circumstances and experiences with which he is familar.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Application of ZnO Thin films
Authors: A M Wagh and N U Patil
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study is to synthesize ZnO nano particles in form thin film on glass substrate and
study antibacterial active of such films. ZnO thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using zinc
acetate and isopropyl alcohol as precursor in the temperature range 375̊C to 425̊C. The optical properties of
the film were studied on UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer. The energy gap of the film is evaluated and it is
found to be 3.31 eV. The polycrystalline nature of the ZnO film was confirmed by structural analysis by Xray diffraction method and the grain size is determined. It is found to be 50nm. The electrical resistivity of the
film was measured by four probe method at different temperatures and it is found that electrical resistivity
varying in the range 103 to 104 Ω–cm. we studied the antibacterial activity of ZnO thin film against
gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli (E- coli) were used as test micro organisms. It is found that ZnO film
enhanced the significant antibacterial activity.
PAPR Reduction of OFDM System with Biorthoganoal Wavelet Transforms
Authors: Palle Jagadeeswara Rao and Dr. A S Srinivasa Rao
Published: February 2021

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO)
are two main techniques employed in 4th Generation Long Term Evolution (LTE). In OFDM multiple carriers
are used and it provides higher level of spectral efficiency as compared to Frequency Division Multiplexing
(FDM). In OFDM because of loss of orthogonality between the subcarriers there is intercarrier interference
(ICI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) and to overcome this problem use of cyclic prefixing (CP) is required,
which uses 20% of available bandwidth. Wavelet based OFDM provides good orthogonality and with its use
Bit Error Rate (BER) is improved. Wavelet based system does not require cyclic prefix, so spectrum efficiency
is increased. It is proposed to use wavelet transform including biorthoganoal wavelet transform with OFDM
systems. This approach will reduce PAPR in the OFDM system effectively. We will design this model with
different modulation Techniques like QPSK and QAM and compare the BER results.
Designing a Tapperless Blade with an S-4320 Airfoil on a Micro-Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (Case Studies at PT Lentera Bumi Nusantara)
Authors: Simatupang Reza , Supriatna Deddy
Published: February 2021

This article aims to design a taperless blade in a micro-scale wind turbine in medium wind speed, a case study at PT Lentera Bumi Nusantara. The methodology used in this research is quantitative research methods. Based on the test results in calculating the data using Microsoft Excel software and the blade airfoil design simulation using Qblade software, the use of the S-4320 airfoil in the application of the taperless blade design has research results that show that the airfoil design of the blade produces mechanical power at moderate wind speeds. It can be concluded that this blade design shows that the taperless blade with S-4320 airfoil can be applied to medium wind speeds in micro-scale horizontal axis wind turbines.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk merancang bilah jenis taperless pada turbin angin skala mikro dalam kecepatan angin sedang, studi kasus pada PT Lentera Bumi Nusantara. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dalam perhitungan data menggunakan software Microsoft Excel dan simulasi perancangan desain airfoil  bilah menggunakan software Qblade, penggunaan airfoil S-4320 dalam pengaplikasian desain bilah jenis taperless memiliki hasil penelitian yang menunjukan bahwa desain airfoil bilah tersebut menghasilkan tenaga mekanik pada kecepatan angin sedang. Dapat disimpulkan dalam desain bilah ini menunjukan bahwa bilah jenis taperless dengan airfoil S-4320 dapat diterapkan pada kecepatan angin sedang pada turbin angin sumbu horizontal skala mikro.
Improving Waste Bank Management Performance in Padang Pariaman
Authors: Humaira Humaira , Laura Fanny , Idmayanti Rika , Rasyidah Rasyidah , Rozi Fazrol
Published: February 2021

The Nazhafa Garbage Bank is part of a Municipally owned corporation called BUMnag Pekandangan Emas, Padang Pariaman City. Cash data processing is still written in a book and MS Excel files. This resulted in the data not being recorded optimally. It takes long time to search for data, process transaction data and sometimes late payment of salaries to officers. Therefore, an information system for cash receipts and disbursements and remuneration was built at the Nazhafa Garbage Bank. This information system is built using codeigniter framework and MySQL DBMS. The final result is an information system that processes cash and salary data. With this system, you can record sales, record purchases, and record salaries every day or every month. This system can minimize the possibility of errors in data. This system improves the management performance of the Nazhafa Waste Bank.

Bank Sampah Nazhafa merupakan bagian dari badan usaha milik nagari atau disingkat dengan BUMnag Pakandangan Emas Kota Padang Pariaman. Pengolahan data kas masih ditulis dalam buku agenda, memerlukan waktu lama untuk mencari data, mengolah data transaksi pada data penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas, dan pemberian gaji ke pegawai. Sistem informasi penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas serta penggajian dibangun untuk mengelola data penerimaan kas dan pengeluaran kas serta penggajian pada Bank Sampah Nazhafa. Sistem ini menggunakan framework codeigniter dan DBMS MySQL. Hasil akhir didapati sebuah sistem informasi yang melakukan pengolahan data kas dan data gaji, mendata penjualan, mendata pembelian, dan mendata gaji setiap hari ataupun setiap bulannya. Sistem ini meningkatkan kinerja pengelolaan pada Bank Sampah Nazhafa.
Analysis Of The Effect Of Fuel Additive Variations On Power, Torque And Top Speed In Matic Motorcycles
Authors: Agustin Wendi Leo , Fernandez Donny , Chandra R
Published: February 2021

This study discusses variations in the use of carbon cleaner additives for Power, Torque and Top Speed ​​produced by Beat motorbikes in 2016 using a mixture of 75ml and 150ml additives. The purpose of this study is to analyze how much power, torque and top speed the vehicle will get if the fuel is mixed using carbon cleaner. This type of research is experimental research. The object of this research is a Honda Beat motorcycle in 2015. At the initial starting without giving a mixture of additives Power, Torque and Top Speed ​​produced respectively 6.23 kw, 6.38 Nm and 52.53 Km / hour, the treatment using carbon cleaner additives as much as 75 ml Power, Torque and The resulting top speed of each mixture is 6.74 kw, 6.84 Nm, and Top Speed ​​53.82 km / hour. Whereas in the use of carbon cleaner additives as much as 150ml, the increase in Power, Torque and Top Speed ​​respectively was 6.47 kw, 6.41 N.m and Top Speed ​​52.93 km / hour. After going through a comparative test using the t test with a significant level of 5%, it can be said that the increase in Power, Torque and Top Speed ​​without treatment with the treatment of 75ml and 150ml is not significant.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang variasi penggunaan zat aditif carbon cleaner terhadap Daya, Torsi dan Top Speed yang dihasilkan oleh sepeda motor Beat tahun 2016 dengan menggunakan campuran zat aditif sebanyak 75ml dan 150ml. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah Menganalisa berapa pengaruh Daya, Torsi dan Top Speed yang peroleh kendaraan yang apabila bahan bakar dicampurkan menggunakan carbon cleaner. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Objek penelitian ini adalah sepeda motor honda Beat tahun 2015. Pada starting awal tanpa memberikan campuran zat aditif  Daya, Torsi dan Top Speed yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 6,23 kw, 6,38 N.m dan 52,53 Km/jam, pada perlakuan penggunaan zat aditif carbon cleaner sebanyak 75ml Daya, Torsi dan Top Speed yang dihasilkan masing-masing campuran sebesar 6,74 kw, 6,84 N.m, dan Top Speed 53,82 Km/Jam. Sedangkan pada penggunaan zat aditif carbon cleaner sebanyak 150ml peningkatan Daya, Torsi dan Top Speed masing-masing sebesar 6,47 kw, 6,41 N.m dan Top Speed 52,93 km/jam.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EMISSION CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOGAS AND CONVENTIONAL COOKING GAS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Adegboye Titus , Oluwaleye Iyiola
Published: February 2021

Household fuel refers to any material that is used to produce heat or power by burning. Some of the household fuel used in Nigeria includes: biomass, charcoal, kerosene, CNG (Compressed natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), electricity. Biogas is relatively new and emerging as a viable option. In this study, biogas was produced using cow dung and the emission characterization of biogas and that of LPG was compared using a Gasboard model 5020H gas analyzer. Results of biogas emission is as follows; CO: 0.01%Vol , CO2: 0.14 %Vol, HC: 0010 ppm, NOx: 0002 ppm while LPG gives the following; CO: 0.30%Vol , CO2: 1.88 %Vol, HC: 0003 ppm, NOx: 0007 ppm. Recommendation was made for the inclusion of biogas in Nigeria energy mix because of its relatively better emission.
TREATMENT OF TEXTILE EFFLUENT USING NATURALLY PREPARED COAGULANT FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED
Authors: Muhammad Umma , Umar Amina , Leonard Ikwuagwu
Published: February 2021

This investigation is intended for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Conductivity, Dissolved oxygen, Absorbance, PH and turbidity reduction from textile industrial produce effluents that are highly complex and characterized. In this study coagulant using Moringa Oliefera seed was used to reduce the suspended and colloidal materials responsible for turbidity of the waste water. The seed powder was used as a natural coagulant to reduce turbidity, the test were carried out using textile effluent with conventional test apparatus. Various result were obtained by increasing dosage of Moringa Oleifera seed powder from 4g to 24g optimum dosage for reduction of COD, BOD, TDS, Turbidity, Conductivity, Absorbance and D.O was determined. It was observed that the highest dose which is 24g has a greater efficiency in reduction of all parameters tested with Ph of 6.48, COD 46mg/L, BOD 12mg/L, and Conductivity 360MSCm-1, TDS 212mg/L, Turbidity 8NTU, DO 4.7 and absorbance of 0.65. Moringa Oleifera seed showed potential in industrial textile effluent treatments among others.
Renta Básica, derechos y planificación económica: Esbozo para una discusión republicana
Authors: Rodríguez-Rojo Jesús
Published: February 2021

En el presente documento se tratará de contraponer dos medidas que pretenden ser la materialización de la tradición republicana: la renta básica universal y la planificación económica democrática. Aunque ambas responden a premisas significativamente diferentes, pueden ser evaluadas desde los mismos parámetros, aquellos cuya base ya instauró la Ilustración. Se compararán de acuerdo a su capacidad de respuesta ante el desafío que supone el pretender convertir en derechos las demandas ciudadanas, empezando por la reproducción social.