bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-chronic oral toxicity assessment (90 days) of ethanolic fraction of leaves of Neurocalyx calycinus (R. Br. ex Benn.) Rob. in rodents: A lesser known ethnomedicinal plant from the Cholanaickan tribal community, India
Authors: Aneeshkumar Ajayakumar Lalitha , Suja Somasekharan nair Rajam , Vilash Viswambaran , Nair Ragesh Raveendran , Siril Elenjikkal Avarachan , Rajasekharan Sreedharan nair
Published: October 2019

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety of long term consumption of ethanolic fraction of Neurocalyx calycinus leaves (NCEF) in rodents. The NCEF was subjected to detect the presence of various phytoconstituents. In acute oral toxicity study, graded doses of NCEF was administered in mice and were observed up to 14 days. In sub-chronic oral toxicity study, NCEF was administered to Wistar rats at doses of 50, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. per day for 90 days and after that, observed up to 28 days. NCEF showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenolics and glycosides. In acute toxicity study, there was no mortality and no behavioural signs of toxicity at the highest dose level (6400 mg/kg b.w.). In sub-chronic oral toxicity study, there were no significant difference observed in the consumption of food and water, body weight and relative organ weights. Haematological, serum biochemical, hepatic oxidative stress marker analysis and urine analysis revealed the non-adverse effects of prolonged oral consumption of NCEF. The histopatho-logic examination did not show any differences in vital organs. Based on our findings, NCEF, at dosage levels up to 1000 mg/kg b.w., is non-toxic and safe for long term oral consumption.
The developmental effects of isoflavone aglycone administration on early chick embryos
Authors: Kawakami Yasuhiko , Saito Kenichi , Itoh Yasuhiko
Published: October 2019

Soybeans contain the isoflavone aglycone, an endocrine disrupter. To determine the effects of small amounts of isoflavones on developmental processes, we administered 6.25, 62.5, or 625 µg isoflavone per egg to early stage (stage 10) developing chick embryos via the yolk just beneath the embryo. Eggs were kept at 37±0.5 °C and >80% relative humidity, with one rotation per hour for 48 hrs. The embryos were observed under a stereomicroscope for morphological abnormalities and number of somites. Relative to control eggs, there were no significant differences in the average number of somites in eggs administered isoflavone aglycone. Isoflavone, however, had a dose associated effect on abnormal embryogenesis. Embryos treated with isoflavone aglycone showed developmental arrest not reaching somitegenesis, dysmorphology of the neural tube, and shortening of entire embryos.
Zika virus infection from a newborn point of view. TORCH or TORZiCH?
Authors: Tahotná Adriana , Brucknerová Jana , Brucknerová Ingrid
Published: October 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the group of viruses called arboviruses. Congenital Zika syndrome is a new disease with infectious teratogenic aetiology. The clinical symptoms are divided into morphological and functional. Most severe complication is the foetal brain disruption sequence that includes severe microcephaly, anomalies of the eyes and congenital contractions of joints. The aim of this paper was to review available facts about Zika virus infection from a newborn point of view in a form of the summary of all important information. Zika virus infection is a problem of past, present and future. Epidemics may occur because of global climate changes, also in countries where natural conditions for life of mosquitos are not present. This clearly indicates the need to continue developing of vaccines and specific antiviral drugs. Until this happens, we must adhere individual preventive measures. Zika virus has proven to us how it can affect the health of adults and neonates but also thinking of healthy people. Newborns with microcephaly on the front pages of the media caused in 2015 panic and fear around the world – for this reason education of people is necessary. Due to serious congenital disorders associated with ZIKV infection and global impact of virus we suggest modifying old acronym TORCH for new TORZiCH to accent the position of Zika virus.
Effect of AgNPs on the human reconstructed epidermis
Authors: Franková Jana , Juráňová Jana , Kamarád Vojtěch , Zálešák Bohumil , Ulrichová Jitka
Published: October 2019

Nanoparticles are utilized in a wide range of industries. The most studied silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in medicine and also in several wound dressings due to their antimicrobial properties. The inflammatory response or potential morphological changes of skin cells after their application are not well known yet. In our study we used the model of human reconstructed epidermis (RHE), prepared in our laboratory, to evaluate whether the AgNPs penetrate through RHE, induce some morphological changes of keratinocytes or influence the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). After the application of three different concentrations (25 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 0.25 ppm) of AgNPs to of RHE for 24 hours we verified that AgNPs did not affect the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) and neither did they influence the expression of keratin K14 and loricrin. The morphology of the cells was likewise unchanged. Based on these results we conclude that AgNPs do not have any negative effect on the morphological changes and do not increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibition and Na+K+ATPase dysfunction are determinant factors modulating the toxicity of nickel in the brain of indian catfish Clarias batrachus L.
Authors: Maiti Arpan Kumar , Saha Nimai Chandra , Paul Goutam , Dhara Kishore
Published: October 2019

Nickel is a potential neurotoxic pollutant inflicting damage in living organisms, including fish, mainly through oxidative stress. Previous studies have demonstrated the impact of nickel toxicity on mitochondrial function, but there remain lacunae on the damage inflicted at mitochondrial respiratory level. Deficient mitochondrial function usually affects the activities of important adenosinetriphosphatases responsible for the maintenance of normal neuronal function, namely Na+K+ATPase, as explored in our study. Previous reports demonstrated the dysfunction of this enzyme upon nickel exposure but the contributing factors for the inhibition of this enzyme remained unexplored. The main purpose of this study was to elucidate the impact of nickel neurotoxicity on mitochondrial respiratory complexes and Na+K+ATPase in the piscine brain and to determine the contributing factors that had an impact on the same. Adult Clarias batrachus were exposed to nickel treated water at 10% and 20% of the 96 h LC50 value (41 mg.l−1) respectively and sampled on 20, 40 and 60 days. Exposure of fish brain to nickel led to partial inhibition of complex IV of mitochondrial respiratory chain, however, the activities of complex I, II and III remained unaltered. This partial inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain might have been sufficient to lower mitochondrial energy production in mitochondria that contributed to the partial dysfunction of Na+K+ATPase. Besides energy depletion other contributing factors were involved in the dysfunction of this enzyme, like loss of thiol groups for enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation-derived end products that might have induced conformational and functional changes. However, providing direct evidence for such conformational and functional changes of Na+K+ATPase was beyond the scope of the present study. In addition, immunoblotting results also showed a decrease in Na+K+ATPase protein expression highlighting the impact of nickel neurotoxicity on the expression of the enzyme itself. The implication of the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and Na+K+ATPase dysfunction was the neuronal death as evidenced by enhanced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities. Thus, this study established the deleterious impact of nickel neurotoxicity on mitochondrial functions in the piscine brain and identified probable contributing factors that can act concurrently in the inhibition of Na+K+ATPase. This study also provided a vital clue about the specific areas that the therapeutic agents should target to counter nickel neurotoxicity.
Conditions of Safe Ship Operation in Seaports – Optimization of Port Waterway Parameters
Authors: Gucma Stanisław
Published: October 2019

A seaport is presented in this article as a system composed of various types of waterways. The author has defined relationships between port waterway system elements and conditions of safe operation of ships in port. Relationships were determined between the conditions of safe operation of ships and the parameters of the following port waterways: anchorage, fairways (approach and inner channels, port entrances), turning area and port basin. The identified relationships between port waterway system and conditions of safe ship operation provided a basis for formulating the objective function of waterway parameter optimization during port design. In practice, these relations were used to determine the parameters of the Outer Container Terminal being built in Świnoujście, where two optimization problems were to be solved:

The optimization of approach channel parameters,

The optimization of parameters of the port entrance, turning area and port basin.

The Outer Container Terminal in Świnoujście is expected to handle ocean-going ships with a length overall Lo = 400 m, and its projected capacity is estimated at 1.5 million TEU per year, a figure that can be doubled in the future.
Diagnostic Model of Crankshaft Seals
Authors: Bzura Piotr
Published: October 2019

The paper presents a research stand being a diagnostic model of radial lip seals used, among others, on crankshafts of piston combustion engines in order to identify the correctness of their operation. The possibility of determining the technical condition of lip seals on the basis of the proposed coefficient of correctness of operation has been described. The basic features of seals influencing their correctness of operation were also described, along with examples of determining the durability limits of lip seals. A modified version of the friction node of the T-02 four-ball apparatus is presented. It allows to check the correctness of sealing lips operation as well as to test the compatibility between the steel shaft, sealing lip and sealed lubricating oil. It was shown that the test results con-firmed the usefulness of the hypothesis that the quality of oil affects the durability of sealing lips and their coefficient of correctness. Additionally, attention was paid to the possibility of analyzing the pumping effect affecting the transition of the seal-shaft system from the state of partial suitability S2 to the state of full suitability S1 or to the state of unfitness S3, and because the change in the state of such a system is random, it requires a probabilistic analysis.
Numerical Investigating the Effect of Water Depth on Ship Resistance Using RANS CFD Method
Authors: Hoa Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Bich Vu Ngoc , Tu Tran Ngoc , Chien Nguyen Manh , Hien Le Tat
Published: October 2019

On inland waterways the ship resistance and propulsive characteristics are strictly related to the depth of the waterway, thus it is important to have an understanding of the influence of water depth on ship hydrodynamic characteristics. Therefore, accurate predictions of hydrodynamic forces in restricted waterways are required and important. The aim of this paper is investigating the capability of the commercial unsteady Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver to predict the influence of water depth on ship resistance. The volume of fluid method (VOF) is applied to simulate the free surface flow around the ship. The hull resistance in shallow and deep water is compared. The obtained numerical results are validated against related experimental studies available in the literature.
Numerical and Experimental Study on Seakeeping Performance of a High-Speed Trimaran with T-foil in Head Waves
Authors: Li Ang , Li Yunbo
Published: October 2019

The longitudinal motion characteristics of a slender trimaran equipped with and without a T-foil near the bow are investigated by experimental and numerical methods. Computational fluid dynamics ( CFD) method is used in this study. The seakeeping characteristics such as heave, pitch and vertical acceleration in head regular waves are analyzed in various wave conditions. Numerical simulations have been validated by comparisons with experimental tests. The influence of large wave amplitudes and size of T-foil on the longitudinal motion of trimaran are analyzed. The present systematic study demonstrates that the numerical results are in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The research implied that the longitudinal motion response values are greatly reduced with the use of T-foil.
Pulsation Signals Analysis of Turbocharger Turbine Blades based on Optimal EEMD and TEO
Authors: Wang Fengli
Published: October 2019

Turbocharger turbine blades suffer from periodic vibration and flow induced excitation. The blade vibration signal is a typical non-stationary and sometimes nonlinear signal that is often encountered in turbomachinery research and development. An example of such signal is the pulsating pressure and strain signals measured during engine ramp to find the maximum resonance strain or during engine transient mode in applications. As the pulsation signals can come from different disturbance sources, detecting the weak useful signals under a noise background can be difficult. For this type of signals, a novel method based on optimal parameters of Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Teager Energy Operator (TEO) is proposed. First, an optimization method was designed for adaptive determining appropriate EEMD parameters for the measured vibration signal, so that the significant feature components can be extracted from the pulsating signals. Then Correlation Kurtosis (CK) is employed to select the sensitive Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). In the end, TEO algorithm is applied to the selected sensitive IMF to identify the characteristic frequencies. A case of measured sound signal and strain signal from a turbocharger turbine blade was studied to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method.
Power Performance of the Combined Monopile Wind Turbine and Floating Buoy with Heave-type Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Homayoun Esmaeil , Ghassemi Hassan , Ghafari Hamidreza
Published: October 2019

This study deals with a new concept of near-shore combined renewable energy system which integrates a monopile wind turbine and a floating buoy with heave-type wave energy converter( WEC). Wave energy is absorbed by power-take-off (PTO) systems. Four different shapes of buoy model are selected for this study. Power performance in regular waves is calculated by using boundary element method in ANSYS-AQWA software in both time and frequency domains. This software is based on three-dimensional radiation/diffraction theory and Morison’s equation using mixture of panels and Morison elements for determining hydrodynamic loads. For validation of the approach the numerical results of the main dynamic responses of WEC in regular wave are compared with the available experimental data. The effects of the heaving buoy geometry on the main dynamic responses such as added mass, damping coefficient, heave motion, PTO damping force and mean power of various model shapes of WEC in regular waves with different periods, are compared and discussed. Comparison of the results showed that using WECs with a curvature inward in the bottom would absorb more energy from sea waves.
CFGFRPT Piles with a Circular Cross-Section and their Application in Offshore Structures
Authors: Mieloszyk Eligiusz , Abramski Marcin , Milewska Anita
Published: October 2019

The possibilities of using concrete piles in a polymer composite reinforced with glass fibres in offshore facilities were shown. Laboratory tests of CFGFRPT type piles compressed axially and in eccentric compression for the analysis of CFGFRPT piles were used. Methods of analysis of dynamic systems for mathematical modelling of the displacement of the hammer in the pile driving process were applied. The possibilities of combining CFGFRPT piles, including the creation of hybrid piles were also presented. For example, concrete piles can be combined with concrete piles in a polymer composite reinforced with glass fibres with different fibre beam angles. The possibilities of using such hybrid piles in offshore facilities were indicated.
Optimizing the Shape of a Compression-Ignition Engine Combustion Chamber by Using Simulation Tests
Authors: Pielecha Ireneusz , Merkisz Jerzy
Published: October 2019

Modern solutions used in compression-ignition internal combustion engines are quite similar to each other. The use of high-pressure, direct fuel injection results in high combustion rates with controlled exhaust emissions. One of the combustion system quality criteria is to obtain adequately high thermodynamic indicators of the combustion process, which are obtained through, among others, the right combustion chamber geometry. Its shape influences the fuel atomization process, turbulence of fuel dose, evaporation and the combustion process. Optimizing the combustion chamber shape is one of the decisive factors proving the correct execution of the combustion process. This article presents the methodology of choosing the combustion chamber shape (changes of three selected combustion chamber dimensions) by using the optimization methods. Generating multidimensional data while maintaining the correlation structure was performed by using the Latin hypercube method. Chamber optimization was carried out by using the Nelder-Mead method. The combustion chamber shape was optimized for three engine load values (determined by the average indicated pressure) at selected engine operating conditions. The presented method of engine combustion chamber optimization can be used in low and high speed diesel propulsion engines (especially in maritime transport applications).
Parametric Method Applicable in Calculating Breakout Force and Time for Lifting Axisymmetric Objects from Seabed
Authors: Michalski Jan P.
Published: October 2019

The issue of calculating parameters for lifting objects of axisymmetric shapes from the seabed is studied. The article presents the results of numerical simulation examination of the equation formulated by Foda for the force needed to extricate the object from the seabed depending on soil and water parameters, extrication speed, and object diameter. The simulations were performed within the range of parameters characteristic for real applications, and their results were used for deriving approximate algebraic formulas applicable in engineering practice of lifting objects resting on seabed.
Introduction to Coastal HF Maritime Surveillance Radars
Authors: Ilcev Dimov Stojce
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the main technical characteristics and working performances of coastal maritime surveillance radars, such as low-power High-Frequency Surface Wave Radars (HFSWR) and Over the Horizon Radars (OTHR). These radars have demonstrated to be a cost-effective long-range early-warning sensor for ship detection and tracking in coastal waters, sea channels and passages. In this work, multi-target tracking and data fusion techniques are applied to live-recorded data from a network of oceanographic HFSWR stations installed in Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN), Wellen Radar (WERA) in Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), CODAR Ocean Sebsorsin and in the German Bight (North Sea). The coastal Imaging Sciences Research (ISR) HFSWR system, Multi-static ISR HF Radar, Ship Classification using Multi-Frequency HF Radar, Coastal HF radar surveillance of pirate boats and Different projects of coastal HF radars for vessels detecting are described.

Ship reports from the Automatic Identification System (AIS), recorded from both coastal and satellite Land Earth Stations (LES) are exploited as ground truth information and a methodology is applied to classify the fused tracks and to estimate system performances. Experimental results for all above solutions are presented and discussed, together with an outline for future integration and infrastructures.
Application of Thermo-chemical Technologies for Conversion of Associated Gas in Diesel-Gas Turbine Installations for Oil and Gas Floating Units
Authors: Cherednichenko Oleksandr , Serbin Serhiy , Dzida Marek
Published: October 2019

The paper considers the issue of thermo-chemical recovery of engine’s waste heat and its further use for steam conversion of the associated gas for oil and gas floating units. The characteristics of the associated gas are presented, and problems of its application in dual-fuel medium-speed internal combustion engines are discussed. Various variants of combined diesel-gas turbine power plant with thermo-chemical heat recovery are analyzed. The heat of the gas turbine engine exhaust gas is utilized in a thermo-chemical reactor and a steam generator. The engines operate on synthesis gas, which is obtained as a result of steam conversion of the associated gas. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the developed schemes are proposed. The results of mathematical modeling of processes in a 14.1 MW diesel-gas turbine power plant with waste heat recovery are presented. The effect of the steam/associated gas ratio on the efficiency criteria is analyzed. The obtained results indicate relatively high effectiveness of the scheme with separate high and low pressure thermo-chemical reactors for producing fuel gas for both gas turbine and internal combustion engines. The calculated efficiency of such a power plant for considered input parameters is 45.6%.
The Problem of Ballast Water in Montenegro Ports and Possibility of its Treatment
Authors: Ćipranić Ivana , Jevric Marija , Sekulic Goran , Tomovic Sreten
Published: October 2019

The problem of ballast water has been present in the world for the last hundred years, but it has grown and become more complex with the increasing intensity of overseas traffic. Introduction of various species from different parts of the world threatens flora and fauna, especially regarding small and closed seas, such as the Adriatic Sea. New species cause an interruption of the existing food chain which keeps the natural balance and purity of the sea. Many domicile organisms in the sea have been disappearing due to changes in environmental conditions, which significantly impairs the sea-water quality. This paper deals with different possible ways of sea and port protection from ballast water, starting with administrative measures, up to proposals of technologies by which those waters could be treated. The problem of ballast water is of particular concern in the Montenegrin part of the Adriatic Sea, and the protection proposal is given.
EVALD – a Pioneer Application for Automated Essay Scoring in Czech
Authors: Rysová Kateřina , Rysová Magdaléna , Novák Michal , Mírovský Jiří , Hajičová Eva
Published: October 2019

In the paper, we present EVALD applications (Evaluator of Discourse) for automated essay scoring. EVALD is the first tool of this type for Czech. It evaluates texts written by both native and non-native speakers of Czech. We describe first the history and the present in the automatic essay scoring, which is illustrated by examples of systems for other languages, mainly for English. Then we focus on the methodology of creating the EVALD applications and describe datasets used for testing as well as supervised training that EVALD builds on. Furthermore, we analyze in detail a sample of newly acquired language data – texts written by non-native speakers reaching the threshold level of the Czech language acquisition required e.g. for the permanent residence in the Czech Republic – and we focus on linguistic differences between the available text levels. We present the feature set used by EVALD and – based on the analysis – we extend it with new spelling features. Finally, we evaluate the overall performance of various variants of EVALD and provide the analysis of collected results.
Replacing Linguists with Dummies: A Serious Need for Trivial Baselines in Multi-Task Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Kondratyuk Daniel , Cardenas Ronald , Bojar Ondřej
Published: October 2019

Recent developments in machine translation experiment with the idea that a model can improve the translation quality by performing multiple tasks, e.g., translating from source to target and also labeling each source word with syntactic information. The intuition is that the network would generalize knowledge over the multiple tasks, improving the translation performance, especially in low resource conditions. We devised an experiment that casts doubt on this intuition. We perform similar experiments in both multi-decoder and interleaving setups that label each target word either with a syntactic tag or a completely random tag. Surprisingly, we show that the model performs nearly as well on uncorrelated random tags as on true syntactic tags. We hint some possible explanations of this behavior.

The main message from our article is that experimental results with deep neural networks should always be complemented with trivial baselines to document that the observed gain is not due to some unrelated properties of the system or training effects. True confidence in where the gains come from will probably remain problematic anyway.
AKTUALISASI INDONESIA DALAM G20: PELUANG ATAU TREN?
Authors: Sushanti Sukma
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAK

Bermula dari sebuah pemikiran untuk menyelesaikan krisis keuangan global, dan diperlukannya sebuah penguatan internasional yang berasal dari komitmen negara-negara yang mempunyai skala ekonomi terbesar, eksistensi G20 menjadi sebuah harapan baru bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi dunia. Klub ekonomi eksklusif ini hadir untuk memberikan sebuah kerangka global, yang kemudian diinfiltrasikan ke berbagai institusi internasional ataupun mekanisme kerjasama ekonomi. Banyak negara yang memberikan pengharapan pada komunitas ekonomi eksklusif ini melalui keterwakilan anggota aktif dalam kelompok ini. Tidak terlepas pula mandate yang melekat pada Indonesia sejak ditetapkannya sebagai anggota tetap G20. Indonesia menjadi vital point bagi negara-negara berkembang untuk menyuarakan kepentingan mereka, terutama terkait dengan perimbangan kekuasaan pada konteks perdagangan internasional. Jika Indonesia dapat memainkan perannya secara baik dalam G20, maka capaian kepentingan nasional negara dapat terakses dengan baik tanpa mengesampingkan tuntutan moral secara regional ataupun global. Kritik muncul ketika peran Indonesia dinilai hanya sebagai bandwagoning terhadap negara-negara besar, tanpa mempertimbangkan sebuah kalkulasi rasional yang mumpuni bagi kepentingan nasionalnya.

Kata kunci: skala ekonomi terbesar, perimbangan kekuasaan, kepentingan nasional. bandwagoning, kalkulasi rasional

 

ABSTRACT

Starting with the idea to build mechanism in resolving global financial crisis, in which need international commitment from the countries with the largest economy scale to strengthening the international governance, the existence of G20 lead to the new hope for the future of the world economy. This exclusive economy club emerge to create global framework then infiltrating vary recommendations into various international economy institution, also cooperation mechanism, both in regional and international scale. The states rely their hope on this club through the active member states representative in G20.  Thus, Indonesia has a mandate to voice the interest of developing countries since inaugurated as the permanent member of G20. Indonesia become a vital point of the interest from the developing countries, in the context to balance the power in international trade system. If Indonesia able to play as the important actor in G20, then its national interest will achieve smoothly, without neglecting the moral demand in regional or global scale. The critics arise when people start to see the role of Indonesia is only as bandwagon state of the developed countries rather than being rational to calculate the achievement of the national interest in G20.

Keywords: global financial crisis, largest economy scale, developing countries, national interest, bandwagon state
INTERNALISASI ETIKA BIROKRASI DAN PENGUATAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM RANGKA MENCEGAH KORUPSI
Authors: Wijaya Komang Adi Sastra , Noak Piers Andreas
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAK

Korupsi di Indonesia bukan hanya persoalan hukum atau sebuah penyimpangan perilaku. Lebih daripada itu, korupsi merupakan persoalan etika politik. Segala bentuk gratifikasi demi kepentingan pribadi merupakan sebuah bentuk korupsi. Dari sudut pandang etika birokrasi, korupsi berkembang karena kelemahan sistem penegakan hukum atauu kurangnya orientasi kepentingan publik baik dalam praktik maupun dalam kebijakan politik. Oleh karena itu, menguatkan internalisasi etika birokrasi menjadi cara yang paling efektif untuk mengatasi korupsi sampai ke akarnya. Etika politik yang dimaksud tidak dapat berjalan sendiri dan hanya mengedepankan kebebasan politik yang seringkali melindungi hak dan kepentingan pribadi, melainkan  harus dibangun dan dikembangkan sejalan dengan demokratisasi. Lebih dari itu, korupsi harus diberantas dengan memperkuat etika politik kewarganegaraan, tanggung jawab kehidupan bernegara, semangat berkorban untuk negara, keadilan dan representasi sumber daya manusia dan pembentukan kepentingan publik serta penegakkannya dalam praktek politik dan determinasi kebijakan sebagai upaya dominan untuk mencegah korupsi.  

Kata kunci: Etika Birokrasi, Sumber Daya Manusia, Pencegahan Korupsi

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Corruption in Indonesia is not only a matter of law or deviant behavior. But, more than that, it is a problem of political ethics. Any public use for the gratification of self-interest is a form of corruption. From bureaucratic ethics standpoint, corruption develops because the weaknesses of system reinforcement or lack of public interests formation in practice and political policy. Therefore, strengthening bureaucratic ethics internalization is the most effective way to overcome corruption from its roots. Such political ethics must be established and developed together with the ongoing democratization, not just to let it alone and only emphasizing the political freedom that often protect the rights and private interests. But, more than that, it must be eroded by strengthening the political ethics of citizenship, responsibility of life as a state, a sense of sacrifice for the country, equality and representation of human resources and public interest formation and its enforcement in political practice and policy determination as dominant effort to prevent corruption.

      Keyword: Bureaucratic Ethics,  Human Resources,  Corruption Prevention
BUDAYA INFORMASI PADA SISWA BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS (STUDI KASUS PADA SEKOLAH PENYELENGGARA PENDIDIKAN LUAR BIASA DI PROVINSI BALI)
Authors: Ginting Richard Togaranta
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui budaya informasi pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkapkan dan menjelaskan secara deskriptif mengenai budaya informasi pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Khususnya pada siswa pendidikan luar biasa di provinsi Bali. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan stratified random sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti berasal dari sekolah penyelenggara pendidikan luar di provinsi Bali, yakni SLB Negeri 1 Denpasar, SLB Negeri 1 Singaraja dan SLB Negeri 1 Tabanan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan ditentukan sebanyak 152 responden. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mengenai budaya informasi yang dimulai dengan cara mendapatkan informasi, mengolah informasi hingga memanfaatkan informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus.Kata kunci: budaya informasi, siswa berkebutuhan khusus, sekolah luar biasaABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the information culture for students with special needs. The type of research used in this study is descriptive research with survey approaching. This research attempts to reveal and explain descriptively about the information culture for students with special needs. The sampling technique is done by purposive sampling. The number of samples studied originated from extraordinary schools in the bali province, namely are SLB Negeri 1 Denpasar, SLB 1 Singaraja and SLB 1 Tabanan . Based on the results of calculations determined as many as 152 respondents. This study provides an overview of the information culture that begins with how to obtain information, process information to utilize information for decision making on students with special needs.Keywords: information culture, students with special needs, extraordinary schools
THE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE IN UNDERSTANDING CROSSCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: A STUDY AT XI GRADE STUDENT OF SMK NEGERI 1 BATULAYAR
Authors: Mayanto Derah
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the students’ English pragmatic competence in understanding crossculturalcommunication. There were eighteen communicative situations designed in threedifferent speech acts namely; handling complaint, request and refusal. The situationspresented were very similar to the authentic situation that students found during the joborientation for six months in tourism industry. Three instruments were used in collecting thedata; questionnaires, discourse completion tests (DCTs) and interview. The multiple choicequestionnaire was used to investigate the students’ pragmatic understanding in three deferentspeech acts. Meanwhile DCTs was used to investigate the students’ pragmatic knowledge ingiving response to the given situations related to three different speech acts. Interviewquestion was used to clarify the missing information and to strengthen the reason why suchresponses were given in questionnaire and in DCTs. The sample of this study was 92 XIGrade students from Hotel Accommodation Program (AP) at SMK Negeri 1 Batulayar. Theresult show that the students ability in understanding pragmatic is considered very low, theyonly can understand the utterance from the literal meaning of words and phrases, but theimplied meaning of some particular utterances were uneasy to deal with. It is seen from thereported data that the average of the students’ responses in understanding pragmatics of thethree different speech acts is only 12.7%. The second three different speech acts in discoursecompletion test (DCTs) was also about giving response to the complaint, request and refusal.DCTs were used to investigate the students’ ability in using their pragmatic knowledge toresponse the nine situational communicative designed. The finding show that the students’ability in giving the written response were vary and less impressive. The written responsesin three different speech acts prompt were potentially led to a pragmatic inability inmaintaining the smooth conversation in various situations.
HOW TO MAP THE MEANING OF “SEE” IN KUPANG MALAY
Authors: Latuperissa David Samuel
Published: October 2019

Lexicon ‘See’ as an English verb that means ‘perceive with the eyes’has different form oflexicon and different semantics meaning in Kupang Malay Language (KML). The lexiconsthat refer to ‘see’ are ‘lia’,‘loti’,‘malerok’, ‘maloi’ and‘pe’emata’. Those five lexicons havetheir own meaning. In order to understand those words deeply, such matters were analysedby a study using Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) theory.By applying descriptivequalitative method and paraphrase/ explication technique, the slightly different semanticfeatures of ‘lia’,‘loti’,‘malerok’, ‘maloi’ and‘pe’emata’ can be comprehensively revealed.
RELUS: EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUE OF TEACHING ENGLISH FOR THE SOCIETY MEMBERS
Authors: Sudipa I Nengah
Published: October 2019

This article aims at introducing the effective Communicative approach, with RELUStechniques applied in the process of English course for the members of the society. Thedata derived from the impression conducting such course in the year of 2015, and collectedby direct observation and random interview. The course was attended by 40 members ofPokdarwis Mekar Bhuana in Pangsan Village, Petang subdistrict, Badung Regency. Thecourse materials were about English functions and English for Tourism. The speakingmaterials were delivered in terms of conversational process using the techniques of: RELUS(R=read, LU =look up, S=say). The steps for each session were: orientation, drills, feedbackand continuation. The result showed that generally all participants manage to speak activelyto welcome the English speaking tourists coming to their respective villages.
MEANINGS ON VARIOUS COOKING MANNERS IN VERB FORMS
Authors: Tito Prayogi Dini Siamika
Published: October 2019

This paper aims at investigating the meaning of verb form ‘cook’ having one form withdifferent manners of cooking something. Therefore, the analysis discusses about the variouscooking manners in verb forms because cooking is an action or do something. The data wastaken from the article about cooking procedure, by note taking technique. The data wasfurther analyzed by natural semantics metalanguage. The result showed that verbs in cookingaction have some similar meaning with different manners such as the manner cooking ofblanch means cooking food into boiling water in a few minutes, while the manner cookingof steam means cooking food on the boiled water. Here, metalanguage manages to describeand analyze the verb meaning in cooking manners.
THE NEGATIVE INFLUUENCE FROM INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH: A CASE IN THE ARTICLE “ABOUT BALI”
Authors: Kade Dwijati Ida Ayu
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on finding out the aspects of language being interfered and the factorswhich caused those interferences in the English article ‘About Bali’ published on the officialwebsite of Bali Government Tourism Office. It is found that the interferences in terms ofsemantics in which the writer/translator’s word choices were interfered by the lexicalmeaning without considering the grammatical context of the sentence where those particularwords are places. Besides, the copula ‘are’ was missing in one of the sentences which causedthe meaning of the sentence become incomplete. The uses of singular and plural markers arenot consistent. These interferences are caused by the influence of Indonesian languagemastered by the writer/translator that showed the lack of knowledge regarding the rules ofboth English and Indonesian languages, meaning of words that were chosen, the directtranslation from Indonesian into English which affected the structure, word choices and themeaning in the target language.
HOW TO TRANSLATE SCIENTIFICALLY: A CASE IN THE JOURNAL OF “MEDICINA”
Authors: Juliarta I Made
Published: October 2019

This reasearch aimed at analyzing and discussing the technique or procedure applied bytranslator in translating text found in the journal medicina. There are some procedures oftranslation techniques found and applied by translator. Some of the translation techniquesapplied by the translator consisting of borrowing, transposition, equivalence, structure shift,unti shift, literal, calque, addition and substraction. It was the borrowing technique used inapplying the translation of terms which have been considered a part of respective TL. Unitshift is said as the change from word to group of word or in reverse. A different of modifierheadrule between SL and TL can occur in the structure shift. Equivalence and literaltranslation or words per word translation were found. It is important to apply the techniqueof calque which was reagarded as special kind of borrowing. There were the last twotechniques which were also found as unavoidably which is applied by translator. Applyingappropriate techniques in translating is needed in order the translation product can be reliableand acceptable for the reader.
INTERFERENCE IN THE SHORT TEXT OF BESAKIH TEMPLE
Authors: Martha Puspita Ni Made Kajeng
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the four types of interferences; syntax, semantics, copula,and redundant found in “Besakih Temple” short text. The data were collected through libraryresearch with the necessary note-taking and documentation. The method used in analyzingthis study is qualitative method. The result showed that interferences found in the text arecovering linguistic aspects. It is furthermore called the negative transfer due to the result ofcontact with another language. The most common source of errors is lack of knowledge ofthe speaker about the language being used.
HOW TO MAP THE MEANING OF “BRINGING “ IN LIO LANGUAGE
Authors: Genua Veronika
Published: October 2019

This study aims at describing the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) that explain themeaning of words in detail. This paper describes the meaning of “to bring” in Lio language,as one of languages in Flores. The verb tu “to bring” explains something to be brought ofhead to hand. The verb tu with polysemy composition act, namely do and move to the entitypart and loacted at a place on certain part of human body.
CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN JAVANESE
Authors: Qomariana Yana
Published: October 2019

This paper aims at analyzing causative constructions found in Javanese. The data were takenfrom low register of Javanese spoken in Malang, a city in eastern part of Java Island throughobservation and note taking techniques. Furtehrmore they were analyzed descriptivelyagainst theory of causative construction by Kroeger (2004). The result showed that threetypes of causative construction: lexical, analytical and morphological causatives exist inEastern Javanese.
Teaching Learning Materials: The Reviews Coursebooks, Games, Worksheets, Audio Video Files
Authors: Sari Dewi Anak Agung Sagung Shanti
Published: October 2019

Teaching learning materials (TLM) has been widely recognised as one of most important components in language teaching to support the success of language learning. TLM is essential for teachers in planning their lessons, assisting them in their professional duty, and use them as rosources to describe instructions. This writing reviews 10 (ten) teaching learning materials in the form of cousebooks, games, worksheets, and audio video files. The materials were chosen randomly and were analysed qualitatively. The discussion of the materials is done individually by presenting their target learners, how they are applied by teachers and students, the aims of the use of the materials, and the role of teachers and learners in different kind of TLM.
Morphological Process of Suffix -shii in Japanese
Authors: Wedayanti Ni Putu Luhur
Published: October 2019

Japanese has many compound words which are used productively in daily life. Compounding words is done in various ways in accordance with the morphological processes required. Compounding basic words discussed in this article begins with the reduplication process of basic words and continues with the process of affixation by adding the suffix -shii on the reduplication results. The data is collected from articles on social media and related references. The discussion shows that some of the words experiencing the morphological process has changes in their word class and their meaning but most of them does not have any change either their word class or their meaning.
Shifts in Indonesian-French Poem Translation
Authors: Widiastuti Ni Made Ayu , Savitri Putu Weddha
Published: October 2019

This paper aims at analyzing the translation shifts of a poem containing figurative expressions from Indonesian into French and describing the translation principles occur in the shifts. The data in this paper is an Indonesian poem with the title “Gestural Tubuh Perempuan” and its translation in French. This is a library research with qualitative-descriptive method. The analyses were conducted by applying translation shifts theory by Catford in Venuti (2000) and translation principles by Nida (1975). The findings show that there are many shifts occur in the target language. The shifts that frequently occur are in the intra-system of the language. There is only a few loss and skewing of information in the shifts, but a lot of addition of information especially for the use of French articles.
Catching Fish Concept in Balinese Language
Authors: Sudana I Gede Putu
Published: October 2019

This paper is intended to explore to what extent the Theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage can be employed to minimize the ambiguity resulting from different interpretations of the Balinese verbs indicating the action ‘ngejuk bé’ (catching fish). As far as such verbs are concerned, it can be stated that the Balinese language is more sophisticated and richer than Indonesian, as it has so many verb phrases used to refer to the activity of catching fish.The data were collected through the interview and note taking techniques, and were analyzed using Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The result of the study shows that the verbs which can be used to express the activity of ‘ngejuk be’ (catching fish) are ngenyat, mencar, nyau, memancing, nuba, mekena bubu, memancing tungguh, menumbak, nudul and nyuluh, depending on how such an activity is done and what tools are used.
Politeness Strategies Employed by the Trainers in Room Division Department BAPEPAR Nusa Dua
Authors: Wiadnyana Putri I Gusti  Ayu Vina
Published: October 2019

This article tries to analyze and discuss the politeness strategies employed by the trainers in room division department when they practice on the job training in the hotel. Politeness strategy was needed when the trainers serve the guest. This research was done by observation and interview with the trainer and the guest about their conversation.The analysis of politeness strategies that employed by the trainer focused on two discussions; (1) the kinds of politeness strategies used by trainer in room division department, and (2) the implications of politeness strategies used by trainer in room division department. This research used the theory from Brown & Levinson (1987) in his book entitled Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usages. The theory is supported by other theories that are considered relevant to the topic of discussion in this research.Based on the analysis, it was found that there were two kinds of politeness stratgies that employed by the trainer in room division department Bapepar Nusa Dua, they were positive face and negative face. Beside that, there are three implications by using politness strategies such as: respect behaviour, togheterness, and cooperative interaction.Keywords: Politeness strategies, trainer, guest
Transposition in Garuda Magazine’s: English-Indonesian Translation
Authors: Cahya Dewi Gusti Ayu Oka , Sudipa I Nengah
Published: October 2019

The aims of this study are at (1) identifying methods of procedures mostly used and (2) describing the reasons why the data belongs to those procedures occurring in the two bilingual articles of Garuda Magazine. The data was collected by note taking and comparing techniques. The classification method for translation proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti) was used to analyze the collected data. Based on the analysis, four procedures were found in translation, those are: transposition, modulation, borrowing and literal translation. The result showed that method of transposition (17 data) was mostly applied in the article, due to the pursuit to achieve a closest natural equivalent. Therefore, such procedure cannot be avoided in translation.Keywords: transposition, modulation, Garuda Magazine.