bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deacylierung von Acyl‐Tritylglycerolen und Anwendungen Derselben. I
Authors: Verkade P. E. , van der Lee J.
Published: September 2010

Aus Stearyl‐tritylglycerolen lassen sich durch kurzes Erhitzen auf 40° mit einer verdünnten Lösung von Natriumhydroxyd in absolutem Äthanol die Stearylgruppen leicht abspalten, während die Tritylgruppen ihren ursprünglichen Platz behalten.

Die bisher unbekannten Tritylglycerole (α.Monotritylglycerol und αβ.‐Ditritylglycerol) wurden durch einen solchen Deacylierungsprozess hergestellt.

Verschiedene Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Deacylierung (z.B. beim systematischen Studium der Acylwanderung) werden angegeben.
Note on the preparation of n‐dodecylamine and di‐n‐dodecylamine from n‐dodecyl chloride by means of anhydrous liquid ammonia
Authors: Wibaut J. P. , Heierman F. , Wagtendonk H. M.
Published: September 2010

By heating n‐dodecyl chloride with anhydrous liquid ammonia at 75‐80°, a mixture of n‐dodecylamine and n‐didodecylamine is obtained. Didodecylamine shows a solidification point of 44.4°; the solidification point of dodecylamine is 26.2°.
Explosion‐regions XXVII: The analogy between the propagation of reactions in mixtures of gases and that in mixtures of solid substances or in mixtures of gases and solid substances
Authors: Jorissen W. P.
Published: September 2010

The analogy mentioned in the title of this paper is discussed using the experimental and theoretical results obtained up to now.
Calycanthidine, a new simple indole alkaloid
Authors: Barger G. , Jacob Anni , Madinaveitia Juan
Published: September 2010

In addition to a very much larger amount of calycanthine, the seeds of Calycanthus floridus contain 0.03% of a simpler alkaloid C18H16N2, related to tetrahydroharman.
Zur Kenntnis der Walden'schen Umkehrung II: Die Umsetzung von cis‐ und trans‐2‐Aminobicyclopentyl mit salpetriger Säure
Authors: Hückel Walter , Gross Albrecht , Doll Willy
Published: September 2010

Die beiden cis‐trans‐isomeren 2‐Aminobicyclopentyle geben bei der Umsetzung mit salpetriger Säure den Alkohol entgegengesetzter Konfiguration. Daneben wird in ungefähr gleicher Menge Kohlenwasserstoff, 1‐Cyclopentyl‐cyclopenten‐1 gebildet.
On the function of a catalyst
Authors: Komatsu Shigeru , Mitsui Keisaku
Published: September 2010

The catalytic reduction of styrene and acetophenone by Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg catalysts and by the anhydrous chlorides of Cu, Zn, Al and Mg has been studied. Suggestions regarding the action of the catalyst are made.
Stereoisomerism of cyclohexanediols (II). Some remarks on the preparation and properties of the 1:4‐cyclohexanediols
Authors: Coops J. , Dienske J. W. , Smit W. M.
Published: September 2010

In a previous communication

J. Coops, J. W. Dienske and Alb. Aten, Rec. trav. chim. 57, 303 (1938).

), the hydrolysis of cis‐ and trans‐1:4‐cyclohexane‐di‐tritylether with hydrochloric acid in water and propanone. is described. In order to confirm the results obtained in that paper, a method has been worked out, by which these ethers are quantitatively decomposed by treatment with dry hydrogen chloride in anhydrous benzene or chloroform solution. The diols separate as hydrogen chloride addition compounds (with benzene of crystallisation), which dissociate completely in the solid state. The 1:4‐cyclohexanediol preparations obtained by both these methods, were absolutely identical. There appears to be no conversion of cis → trans or vice versa in these reactions. The cis‐diol is converted at 101°. 4 into a liquid crystalline phase, melting at 113°.0. The first process requires about four times as much heat as the second.
Beitrag zur Stereochemie des Siebengliedrigen Kohlenstoffringes
Authors: Hermans P. H. , Maan Chr. J.
Published: September 2010

Die früher vorhergesagten Verhältnisse bezüglich der innermolekularen sterischen Hinderung im Molekül des Cycloheptans werden mit Hilfe Stuartscher Atommodelle untersucht und mit Rücksicht auf das unterschiedliche Verhalten der cis‐ und trans‐Cycloheptandiole einerseits und des cis‐Cyclohexandiols anderseits gegenüber Borsäure erörtert.
The application of cyclic acetals
Authors: Slooff G.
Published: September 2010

The aim of this article is to direct attention to those cases where cyclic acetals may be successfully applied to various uses in organic chemistry.
The transition temperature of magnesium bromide
Authors: Getman Frederick H.
Published: September 2010

The transition temperature of magnesium bromide has been measured by the thermometric method and found to be 10.84°.
Der Konzentrationsverlauf der Leitfähigkeit hochwertiger Elektrolyte in wässeriger Lösung
Authors: van der Hammen J. P.
Published: September 2010

Die Abweichungen von der Onsagerschen Theorie, welche man in dem Konzentrationsverlauf der Leitfähigkeit hochwertiger Elektrolyte in wässeriger Lösung beobachtet, werden auf Ionenassoziation zurückgeführt. Diese Assoziation wird am zuverlässigsten an Elektrolyten vom symmetrischen Typ studiert. Deshalb wurde das Komplexsalz Triaethylendiamin‐kobaltiferricyanid hergestellt, dessen Löslichkeit sich ausreichend erwies, um bei einigen auseinanderliegenden Konzentrationen die Leitfähigkeit genügend genau messen zu können. Die erhaltenen Leitfähigkeitsdaten können quantitativ durch eine Verknüpfung der Onsagerschen Theorie mit der Bjerrumschen Assoziationshypothese erklärt werden. Die letztere setzt eine heteropolare Bindung zwischen den Ionen in einem Ionenpaar voraus. Dies wird durch eine optische Untersuchung für das Triaethylendiaminkobaltiferricyanid bestätigt.
Bestimmung der Reinheit von Cerebrosiden und Sphingomyelinen nach einer kolloidchemischen Methode
Authors: Teunissen P. H.
Published: September 2010

Das Ziel ist, einzelne aus Gehirn bereitete Lipoide zu untersuchen; nicht nur mit der analytisch‐chemischen, sondern insbesondere auch mit einer kolloidchemischen Methode, nämlich mit der Bestimmung der Umladungskonzentrationen und den reziproken Hexolzahlen auf elektrophoretischem Wege. Aus den kombinierten Ergebnissen für die reziproke Hexolzahl und die Reihenfolge der Umladungskonzentrationen einer Anzahl Salze kann dann ein Urteil über die Reinheit der Lipoide gebildet werden.
The benzilic acid rearrangement
Authors: Blanksma J. J. , Zaaijer W. H.
Published: September 2010

The velocity of the benzilic acid rearrangement has been studied.
Simple instructions for crystal measurement with a new model of the two circle goniometer, especially adapted to the use in chemical laboratories
Authors: Terpstra P.
Published: September 2010

The usual extensive descritions of methods of preparation and purification often do not allow of an adequate definition of new compounds. In addition some physical constants should be mentioned, such as the melting point, the density, the refractive indices and especially the crystal form. The latter may be determined in a simple way with the aid of the goniometer of which the description follows. This goniometer has been specially constructed for the measurement of small crystals. The method of measurement is explained by a series of examlpes.
Organic antimonials of therapeutic activity
Authors: Dyson George Malcolm
Published: September 2010

In order to obtain compounds of enhanced therapeutic efficiency and low toxicty for the treatment of kala‐azar, a long series of aryl‐stibonic acids has been prepared and examined. Therapeutically successful compounds were obtained among the thiourea group, and are being introduced into clinical practice.
The freezing point diagram of the system N.hexadecane‐N.hexadecene‐1 (cetene)
Authors: Langedijk S. L. , Smithuysen W. C. Brezesinska
Published: September 2010

A. From the determination of the freezing points of n. hexadecane, n ‐hexadecene‐l (cetene and 8 mixtures of these substance it appared that the freezing point curve in this system can be represented by a very weakly curved line, so that this condensed system consists of an uninterrupted series of mixed crystals. The crystals that are in equilibrium with the mother liquor are somewhat richer in hexadecane than the liquid phase.

The addition of hexadecane to cetene raises the freezing point of the latter.
The preparation of thioureas and thiuram‐disulphides
Authors: Fry H. Shipley , Farquhar Bruce S.
Published: September 2010

A standardized method, markedly efficient, for the preparation of symmetrically substituted thioureas and thiuram disulphides from primary and secondary amines has been developed in conformity with the following equations:

magnified image

Its uniformity of application to seven primary amines and to seven secondary amines has made possible a comparative study of the times required, the extent of completion of the reactions, and the effect of various substituents, in the preparation of the corresponding thioureas and thiuram‐disulphides.

The preparation and identification by quantitative analysis of five thioureas and five thiuram disulphides, not previously recorded in the literature, has been effected.

Three new unsymmetrical tri‐substituted thioureas have been prepared in conformity with the general equation, RNCS+R′R″NH → RNH. CS. NR′R″. Their identity has been established by quantitative analyses.
Colorimetric determination of α‐tocopherol (vitamin E)
Authors: Emmerie A. , Engel Chr.
Published: September 2010

A colorimetric method of determination of tocopherol based on the reducing properties of tocopherol towards ferric chloride is described. The ferrous salt which is formed in the reduction is determined colorimetrically with α: α'‐dipyridyl (similar coloured complex salts are formed with α:α' dipiperidyl and by o‐phenanthroline). Not only is this method much more rapid and simple than the Potentiometric titration with gold chloride, but it also allows of the determination of much smaller quantities of tocopherol. Although o‐phenanthroline gives a somewhat deeper colour than dipyridyl with ferrous ions, we have found dipyridyl preferable because the depth of colour produced with o‐phenanthroline is not directly proportional to the concentration of ferrous ions and tocopherol.
Ueber die Einwirkung von Salpeter‐Schwefelsäure Auf 3,6‐Dinitro‐5‐Brompseudocumen
Authors: Rinkes I. J.
Published: September 2010

Huender1) hatte gefunden, dass durch Einwirkung von Salpeter‐Schwefelsäure auf 3,6‐Dinitro‐5‐brompseudocumen eine Verbindung vom Schmelzpunkte 150° entsteht, von ihm “Nitrat” genannt, für dessen Struktur er drei Möglichkeiten in Erwägung zieht. Es ergab sich, dass seine dritte Annahme die richtige war, dass nämlich in einer der Methylgruppen ein Wasserstoffatom durch die Gruppe ONO2 ersetzt wurde
m‐bromobenzazide as a reagent for the identification of amines
Authors: Sah Peter P. T. , Chang Lung—Hsiang
Published: September 2010

m‐Bromobenzazide was prepared in good yield by the treatment of m‐bromobenzhydrazide with nitrous acid in glacial acetic acid solution. The azide, reacted with amines, amides aminophenols, and aminoacids in boiling toluene solution, to give, well defined crystalline m‐bromophenylureas with sharp melting points. These derivatives are suitable for the purpose of identification.
Contributions to the knowledge of the mechanism of deformation of cellulose hydrate. VI: On the tensile strength of cellulose fibres and the energy involved in the process of rupture
Authors: Hermans P. H.
Published: September 2010

A discussion of the properties of an “ideal” cellulose fibre consisting of a cellulose single crystal reveals, that there is not only a large discrepancy between the theoretical tensile strength of such a fibre and the highest experimentally observed strength of actual fibres, (as already pointed out by Meyer, Mark and de Boer) but that also the ideal fibre would have an extensibility of more than 40 %, whereas the actual elongation at rupture of well oriented cellulose fibres is very much lower. From a calculation of the amount of energy necessary to bring about the rupture of the ideal fibre, it follows, that this fibre would explode after rupture.

It appears therefore, that the ideal fibre as hitherto postulated, is to be regarded as a mere theoretical abstraction, which has little if any bearing on the problem of the actual mechanism of rupture.

There is no certain evidence for the assumption made by previous authors, that in the actual process of rupture only cohesional attractions between primary valence chains are overcome and that there would be no rupture of the chains themselves.

Irrespective as to whether in the real process of rupture primary valencies are actually broken or not, it can be shown, that the energy involved in this process, ranging between 2.108 and 6.108 erg/cm3, would be sufficient to bring about a considerable drop in the average chain length of the molecules in the fibre. If the energy of rupture is to any appreciable percentage connected with the rupture of molecular chains, the effect should be easily detectable by viscosity determinations. Experiments with the purpose to investigate if this effect actually exists will be undertaken.

New experimental data on the energy at rupture of artificial cellulose fibres of different degrees of orientation (ranging from isotropic to extremely well oriented ones) and of commercial viscose rayon filaments, are given.
New aspects on the cohesion of simple compounds. I
Authors: Stevels J. M.
Published: September 2010

It is shown again that it is better to describe the contribution of the partial dipole moments to the cohesion as a Keesom effect in an extended sense, as was introduced recently by Staverman. The Debije effect can be described as mainly due to the total dipole moment of the molecules. These conceptions solve several problems, which existed hitherto in the theory of the boiling points. They show why we can expect constant “TD values” for each “type” of methane derivatives i.e. constant differences between the boiling point and the London contribution to the boiling point, and they similarly predict constant “TD values” for the halogenated ethane and ethene derivatives.

We can further understand, why the completely halogenated ethane and ethene derivatives do not show “TD values”, although they possess at least two partial dipole moments.

A complete survey is given of all the effects, which give rise to contributions to the boiling points.
Studien über das Verbrennungslicht Einiger Metalle und Legierungen. II
Authors: van Liempt J. A. M. , de Vriend J. A.
Published: September 2010

Fortsetzung früherer Untersuchungen über das Verbrennungslicht reiner Metalle und Aluminiumlegierungen.
Electro‐Deposition of a thin layer of powdered substances
Authors: de Boer J. H. , Hamaker H. C. , Verwey E. J. W.
Published: September 2010

Es wird eine einfache Methode beschrieben, um dünne gleichmässige Schichten grosser Dichte und Haftfähigkeit einer gepulverten Substanz auf metallische, oder elektrisch leitende Unterlagen aufzubringen. Die Substanz wird elektrophoretisch aufgebracht, und zwar beruht die Methode auf (a) dem Gebrauch von Suspensionen der mechanisch zerkleinerten Substanz antstatt Kolloid‐Lösungen, und (b) der Verwendung geeigneter polarer organischer Flüssigkeiten als Dispersionsmittel.
Some derivatives of 1‐hydroxy‐1:2:3‐benztriazole
Authors: Vis B.
Published: September 2010

Some new derivatives of 1‐hydroxy‐1:2:3‐benztriazole have been prepared by the action of hydrazine and methylhydrazine on some halogenonitrobenzenes
The complex compounds P(OH)4. ClO4 and Se(OH)3. ClO4
Authors: Arlman E. J.
Published: September 2010

As is the case with H3PO4 and HClO4, H2SeO3 and HClO4 react with each other to form a compound of the composition H2SeO3. HClO4. Its behaviour on electrolysis of its solution in CH3NO2 leads to the formulation [Se(OH)3]+.ClO4−.

The crystal system of both the compounds mentioned was determined. We could not elucidate their crystal structure and no substances isomorphous with them were found. Their heat of solution in water was determined and the conductivity of their solutions in CH3NO2 was compared with that of some other perchlorates.
On the reactivity of the bromine atoms in brominated pyridines. the formation of 2,6‐diamino‐4‐bromopyridine by the action of ammonia on 2,4,6‐tribromopyridine
Authors: Wibaut J. P. , Bickel A. F. , Brandon L.
Published: September 2010

When 2,4,6‐tribromopyridine was heated with an excess of ammonia, a diaminobromopyridine of melting point 126° was obtained. This compound was submitted to catalytic reduction, when 2,6‐diaminopyridine was formed; therefore the diaminobromopyridine of m.p. 126° must be 2,6‐diamino‐4‐bromopyridine.
Das Fette Oel der Samen von Canarium Commune L
Authors: Steger Alph. , van Loon J.
Published: September 2010

Verschiedene Forscher berichten über die Eigenschaften und die Zusammensetzung des “Canari‐Öls”. Ihre Angaben stimmen aber nicht überein. Hier wird gezeigt, dass das Öl nur aus Glyceriden der Palmitin‐, der Stearin‐, der Öl‐, der Linol‐ und der Linolensäure zusammengesetzt ist.
The effect of cyclisation on the electric moment of organic molecules
Authors: de Vries Robles H.
Published: September 2010

I. In a previous publication

This journal 58, 111 (1939).

the dipole moments of a number of heterocyclic parent nuclei were measured.

II. The most probable structure of these molecules is calculated according to a simple principle of minimum energy described in this publication.

III. The object of this publication is to investigate in how far dipole moments of heterocyclic molecules agree to those of the corresponding open‐chain molecules. It was found that the bond moments calculated from cyclic molecules are always greater than those which can be calculated for the corresponding open‐chain molecules. The bond moments calculated from open‐chains molecules are therefore inapplicable for the calculation of the valency angles in heterocyclic molecules from their dipole moments.

IV. Description of the results.
The essential oil of Massoi bark
Authors: Meijer Th. M.
Published: September 2010

It is shown that in various cases where oil of Massoi bark has been described in the literature, the description really refers to the oil of Lawang bark.

Oil of Massoi bark does not contain eugenol, whereas oil of Lawang bark contains a considerable amount of eugenol.

The oil of Massoi bark contains a lactone which has been investigated. On hydrogenation it takes up one molecule of hydrogen.

Oxidation of the dihydrolactone with potassium bichromate and sulphuric acid leads to the formation of valeric, caproic, succinic and glutaric acids and a keto‐acid, δ‐keto‐caprinic acid.

Oxidation of the dihydrolactone with potassium permanganate also gives rise to the formation of caproic acid and succinic acid.

Caproic acid is also obtained by oxidising massoilactone with permanganate and by oxidising it with bichromate and sulphuric acid. In the latter case fumaric acid is also formed.

From these degradation products massoilactone is regarded as 1‐pentylpentene‐oil‐3‐olide (1,5).
Über die Beschleunigung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit des Eisens durch hochfrequente Wechselströme
Authors: Beck W.
Published: September 2010

Es werden mit Hilfe einer manometrischen Methode kontinuierliche Messungen der Rostgeschwindigkeit von Eisenelektroden in verdünnter Kaliumchloridlösung angestellt. Die Prüfkörper befanden sich in einem Hochfrequenzfeld, das mit Hilfe eines Schwingungskreises erzeugt wurde.

Verschiedene auf diese Versuche bezügliche Theorien werden einer kritischen Betrachtung unterzogen und die besondere Bedeutung der gewonnenen Ergebnisse kurz erörtert.
Über das Reine Silberbromidsol. I
Authors: Basiński A.
Published: September 2010

In dieser Arbeit ist die Methode der Herstellung von Silberbromidsol in grosser Reinheit und grosser Konzentration bearbeitet worden. Die, durch Elektrodialyse gereinigten und durch Elektrodekantation konzentrierten Sole, enthielten: ca 250 mmol AgBr, dann 1 bis 2 . 10−5 Gr‐Ion Br' und schliesslich 3 bis 4 . 10−5 Gr‐Ion H. im Liter. Das Sol erwies sich als ein starkes Elektrolyt, da fast alle Wasserstoffionen (von 90 bis 100%), elektrometrisch wirksam sind. Die in der beschriebenen Weise hergestellten Sole sind gründlich und vielseitig untersucht worden. Man hat nämlich folgende Grössen gemessen: Dichte, Konzentration der dispersen Phase. Bromionen‐ und Wasserstoffionenaktivität im Sol und im Zentrifugat, totale Wasserstoffionenkonzentration im Sol, Teilchengrösse, mechanische und thermische Empfindlichkeit, Einfluss der Verdünnung von Zentrifugat bzw. KBr‐Lösung u.s.w. Auf Grund der potentiometrischen und konduktometrischen Messungen wurden die Rückschlüsse über den Charakter des Sols gezogen.
Condensation de la Benzile avec les Acides Oxy‐, Thio‐ et Sélénodiacétiques
Authors: Backer H. J. , Stevens W.
Published: September 2010

La condensation de la benzile avec les esters des acides oxy‐, thio‐ et sélénodiacétiques donne naissance à des dérivés de furane, de thiophène et de sélénophène. La dernière synthèse est nouvelle.

On obtient des acides dibasiques ou monobasiques et parfois des esters. Le chauffage des acides dicarboxyliques conduit aux dérivés diphényliques de furane, de thiophène et de sélénophène. Plusieurs acides ont été caractérisés sous forme de leurs esters de méthyle et d'éthyle.

Comme la décomposition de la benzile en milieu alcalin peut donner lieu à la formation de l'aldéhyde benzoïque, qui pourrait troubler les résultats, les auteurs ont étudié séparément la condensation de cette aldéhyde avec les acides mentionnés ci‐dessus. Les produits obtenus diffèrent complètement de ceux que donne la benzile.
The reactions between aminoguanidine and phenylglyoxal
Authors: Ekeley John B. , Carlson Raymond E. , Ronzio Anthony R.
Published: September 2010

A guanylhydrazone of phenylglyoxal has been prepared.

Two isomeric phenyl aminotriazines, their hydrochlorides and acetyl derivatives have been prepared and their structures determined.

The imino tautomer of one of the triazines has been prepared.

Absorption spectra curves for the four compounds from aminoguanidine and phenylglyoxal have been reported.
Journal citations in the “Recueil”, 1937‐1939
Authors: Patterson Austin M.
Published: September 2010

Volumes 56, 57 and 58 of the Recueil contain 408 articles which make 4.457 citations to 287 different journals. An analysis shows that, next to the Recueil itself, the ten most cited journals are, in order: Berichte, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal of the Chemical Society (London), Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie, Annalen (Liebigs), Journal für praktische Chemie, Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, Comptes rendus (French Academy of Sciences), Chemisch Weekblad, and Helvetica Chimica Acta. About 38 % of the articles cited are of German origin, the Netherlands, United States, Great Britain, and France following with 22 %, 13 %, 12 % and 6 % respectively. Articles are mentioned most often within a year or two of their publication but continue to be cited with diminishing frequency over a long period; over 2 % of the citations are to papers 60 tot 100 years old.
Contribution à la „Normalisation”︁ des Feuilles D'orthosiphon Stamineus (Koemis Koetjin)
Authors: de Graaff W. C.
Published: September 2010

Dans le présent travail, on a essayé de normaliser la drogue “Koemis Koetjin” des Indes Néerlandaises. Il s'agit de stipuler les exigences auxquelles doit satisfaire la “première qualité” de ce produit.
Solvent and dissociating power of chlorinated hydrocarbons: I. Theoretical Part
Authors: van Braam Houckgeest J. P. W. A.
Published: September 2010

In studying the solvent and dissociating power of chlorinated hydrocarbons, chiefly derivatives of ethane, certain peculiarities have been found, the explanation of which is attempted below. Taking a definite model for the solvatation phenomena as a starting point the changes in thermodynamic potential, due to dissociation of an electrolyte into ions and the forming of a solution of this electrolyte are calculated. It is possible in this way to derive equations for the dissociation equilibrium and the solubility of the electrolyte.
The Fittig‐reaction with α.ω‐dibromoparaffins
Authors: van Alphen J.
Published: September 2010

α. ω‐Diphenylparaffins, with the exception of 1 : 2‐diphenylethane, can be obtained in good yield by the Fittig reaction between bromobenzene, sodium and the corresponding α. ω‐dibromoparaffin. With 1 : 10‐dibromodecane higher diphenylparaffins are also formed.
Tentative investigation into the influence of tetra‐ethyl‐lead on the flame velocity in hydrocarbon ‐ air mixtures, ignited by electric sparks
Authors: Smittenberg J. , Kooijman P. L.
Published: September 2010

A simple “ballistic impulse‐meter” was constructed, the deflection of which could be used as an arbitrary measure for the flame velocity in hydrocarbon‐air mixtures ignited by an electric spark.

The explosion impulses of iso‐octane‐air mixtures were not influenced perceptibly by the addition of T.E.L.‐vapour at temperatures varying from roomtemperature to 500° C.

The same was the case for n‐butane‐air mixtures at temperatures up to 300° C. Above this temperature the explosion impulses of the mixtures were strongly diminished by the slow oxidation reaction of the n‐butane during the waiting period before the spark ignition. This slow oxidation reaction was strongly suppressed by the addition of T.E.L.‐vapour.

As a result of this tentative investigation it may be concluded that the antiknock effect of T.E.L. in sparkignition engines must not be ascribed to a diminishing effect of T.E.L. on the flame velocity.
Relationship between taste and structure in some derivatives of meta‐nitraniline
Authors: Blanksma J. J. , van der Weyden P. W. M.
Published: September 2010

Some very sweet derivatives of metanitraniline have been prepared.
Atomic distances in small graphite crystals and the nature of the bond
Authors: de Boer J. H.
Published: September 2010

It is pointed out that the decrease of the carbon‐carbon distance within the atomic layers of graphite crystals, and the increase of the distance between the layers, found by Hofmann and Wilm for extremely small graphite particles in comparison with normal graphite, are both a direct consequence of the nature of the two types of binding forces involved here (homopolar bonds, and van der Waals‐London attraction forces, respectively).
Über die Stabilität der beiden Glycerolphosphorsäuren und diejenige ihrer Salze
Authors: Verkade P. E. , Stoppelenburg J. C. , Cohen W. D.
Published: September 2010

Salze der beiden Glycerolphosphorsäuren erweisen sich beim Kochen in stark alkalischer Lösung oder beim Erhitzen mit Pyridin als sehr stabil.

Beim Erhitzen in stark saurer Lösung gehen die beiden genannten Säuren wechselseitig leicht ineinander über; es stellt sich ein Gleichgewicht zwischen beiden Isomeren ein. Bei pH = 0.9 waren im Gleichgewichtszustande die α‐ und die β‐Säure in einem Verhältnis von etwa 87 : 13 vorhanden. Es wird eine Vorschrift zur Herstellung des α‐Dinatriumsalzes ausgehend von dem im Handel erhältlichen β‐Salz gegeben.

Ferner werden einige Angaben über die Hydrolyse der beiden Glycerolphosphorsäuren gemacht. Die Hydrolysegeschwindigkeiten erreichen in der Nähe von pH = 3 ein Maximum.
A new method for the comparison of the extinquishing action of various finely‐divided solid substances on explosive gas mixtures
Authors: Jorissen W. P. , Snijders H. G. , Vink H. J.
Published: September 2010

Description of a method for the comparison of the concentrations in which solid substances in the form of dust clouds are able to prevent an explosion in explosive gas mixtures. Several results obtained by the method.
Reaktionen und Salzbildung des Phenanthrenchinonmonoxims. XIII. Mitt. Systematischer Ausbau der Atomgruppen in der Analytischen Cbemie
Authors: Keuning K. J. , Dubský J. V.
Published: September 2010

Die Autoren kontrollieren die Arbeit von Pavolini und stellen fest, dass Phenanthrenchinonmonoxim auch mit den dreiwertigen Metallionen reagiert. Auch die Kobaltverbindung ist ein Kobaltisalz. Die Verbindungen sind innere Komplexsalze, die sehr leicht gewisse Mengen des Oxims adsorbieren.
Synthesis of compounds related to antihemorrhagic vitamin K. II: β‐Naphthol and β‐naphthylamine as starting materials for the synthesis of 2‐methyl‐ and 2‐ethyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinones
Authors: Sah Peter P. T.
Published: September 2010

A general method of synthesis of 2‐alkyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinones (with special references to 2‐methyl‐ and 2‐ethyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinones, recently proved to possess strong, anti‐hemorrhagic vitamin K activity), using β‐naphthol and β‐naphthylamine as starting materials, is described in this paper.
Synthesis of compounds related to antihemorrhagic vitamin K. III: 1,4‐naphthoquinone as a starting material for the preparation of 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphtho‐hydroquinone and derivatives
Authors: Sah Peter P. T.
Published: September 2010

A general method for the synthesis of 2‐alkyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinones and hydroquinones from 1,4‐naphthoquinone as the starting material is described in this paper, with special references to 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphtho‐hydroquinone, the dimethyl ether, the diacetate, the dipropionate, and the dibenzoate of the synthetic 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphtho‐hydroquinone, which have recently been shown to possess strong anti‐hemorrhagic vitamin K activity.
On the composition of the eulans
Authors: Olivier S. C. J.
Published: September 2010

The constitution of Eulan B L was investigated. It was found that this chemical agent against moth damage consists of cyclohexanone, the methylamide of 3,4‐dichlorobenzene sulphonic acid and a mixture of neutral esters of ortho‐phosphoric acid.
Über die Thermische Umsetzung von an Stickstoff Substituierten Pyrrolen, Insbesondere von N‐Phenylpyrrol
Authors: Gitsels H. P. L. , Wibaut J. P.
Published: September 2010

Das C‐Phenylpyrrol, das bei der thermischen Umsetzung von N‐Phenylpyrrol bei 700° entsteht, wurde durch Reduktion in C‐Phenylpyrrolidin umgesetzt: Dieses C‐Phenylpyrrolidin erwies sich als ausschliesslich aus 2‐Phenylpyrrolidin bestehend. Bei der thermischen Umsetzung von N‐Phenylpyrrol bei 700° entsteht also ausschliesslich 2‐Phenylpyrrol. Im Laufe der Untersuchung wurden die folgenden bisher noch nicht beschriebenen Verbindungen durch Synthese bereitet:

2‐Methyl‐3‐carbaethoxy‐4‐phenyl‐5‐formylpyrrol,

3‐Carbaethoxy‐4‐phenyl‐2,5‐dicarbonsäurepyrrol,

2,5‐Dimethyl‐3‐carbaethoxy‐4‐phenylpyrrol.
Diarylmethane derivatives VIII: Methyl Substitution Products of Tetraphenylethanes
Authors: Coops J. , Nauta W. Th. , Ernsting M. J. E. , Faber A. C.
Published: September 2010

In order to be able to study the influence of the position of substituents in the aromatic nuclei of compounds of the tetraphenylethane type on the possibility of dissociation, several of these substances were synthesized.

It was found that the presence of four ortho‐methyl groups per diphenyl‐methyl in this series is an essential condition for the occurrence of dissociation upon heating in solvents like benzene, toluene, and naphthalene.
The oxidation of normal butane: I. Experimental Part
Authors: Schuit G. C. A.
Published: September 2010

The kinetic characteristics of the oxidation of normal butane were investigated in the temperature region of 220‐270° C. The reaction is autocatalytic, it is accelerated by increase of pressure, temperature and the concentration of butane, while oxygen retards the velocity of reaction. The Semenoff relation Δp = Ae φtis found to hold in the above‐mentioned temperature region.

The state of the walls exerts great influence on the reaction velocity: a covering of KCl on the walls leads to a retardation of the reaction, mainly by a lowering of the value of φ. Indications were found that it is also possible to poison the walls in such a way that the value of A is also decreased.

It is possible to increase A by the addition of small amounts of foreign substances. Very active among such substances are alkyl nitrites and nitrates, as well as diethyl ether and n‐butyl aldehyde.

From the analysis of the reaction products it was found that at high concentrations of the combustible substance considerable reaction already occurs during the induction period. It was found that a sudden acceleration of the increase in pressure occurring at these concentrations could be correlated with the maximum of the peroxide concentration.
Colorimetric determination of tocopherol (Vitamin E): V. The estimation of tocopherol in butter
Authors: Emmerie A.
Published: September 2010

In this communication a method for the estimation of tocopherol in butter is described.
Untersuchungen über die Hydroxysäure(n) des Isanoöls, I
Authors: Steger Alph. , van Loon J.
Published: September 2010

Das Isanoöl enthält eine (oder mehrere) ungesättigte Hydroxysäure(n), welche zu der 9‐Hydroxystearinsäure hydrogeniert wurde(n), wie durch Wasserabspaltung und durch Ozonisierung der dabei gebildeten Octadecensäuren bewiesen wurde.
Über die Löslichkeit des Roten Mercurijodids in Wasser
Authors: de Bruijn J. A.
Published: September 2010

Im Folgenden wird auf die einander widersprechenden Literaturangaben für die Löslichkeit des roten Mercurijodids und des schwarzen Mercurisulfids in Wasser hingewiesen. Die (geringe) Löslichkeit des Jodids ist nun von neuem, auf colorimetrischem Wege, bestimmt worden; dabei hat sich ergeben, dass ein Teil der hierauf bezüglichen Literaturangaben als ganz unzuverlässig bezeichnet werden muss.
The density and sorptive capacity of some samples of cotton, silk and wool: Part III. Determinations on egyptian cotton
Authors: Heertjes P. M.
Published: September 2010

For mercerised cotton, undyed and dyed with a substantive dye, the true densities in helium and the apparent densities in benzene, water, air and hydrogen are given in this paper. The conclusion is reached that in cotton dyed with a substantive dye, the dye is bound intermicellarly, without changing the cotton substance.

Hydrogen as well as air are adsorbed by cotton; the quantities adsorbed are not altered by the dyeing process.

The opinion of Campbell and Russell that the true density of cotton will be found in water and not in helium, is disputed.

Some remarks are made on the dyeing processes of cotton, silk and wool with direct dyes.
Cohesion forces and phase theory of binary liquid systems
Authors: Staverman A. J.
Published: September 2010

An attempt is made to understand the phenomenon of mixing and unmixing of liquids from a simple model of cohesion forces. Since in the heat of mixing it is only the differences of cohesion forces which are important, induction and dispersion forces are neglected in a first approximation, whereas orientation forces are described by assigning to the molecular surfaces positive or negative spots, which eventually tend toward association. The energy of association and solvation depends on the activity of those spots, the entropy on their area. Starting from simple molecular models, the shape of the mixing curve is derived theoretically and in all cases experimentally found examples are quoted. There appears to exist no fundamental miscibility curve, from which all experimentally realised curves could be derived. On the contrary, the theoretical curves differ considerably for different mixtures, even when we assume the liquid state stable to arbitrary high and low temperatures.
A synthesis of the acetal of dl‐pelletierine or β‐(2‐piperidyl)‐propionaldehyde acetal.
Authors: Beets M. G. J. , Wibaut J. P.
Published: September 2010

In the catalytic hydrogenation of β‐(2‐pyridyl)‐propionaldehyde acetal (I) in a solution of pure acetic acid with a platinum catalyst according to Adams the following substances may be formed as addition compounds with acetic acid: the δ‐coniceine of Löffler (III) and the β‐(2‐piperidyl)‐propionaldehyde acetal or the acetal of dl‐pelletierine (II).

The latter compound is obtained almost exclusively when a very concentrated solution of I in acetic acid is subjected to catalytic reduction. The acetal of dl‐pelletierine is a stable colourless liquid. Upon hydrolysis of this acetal a liquid with a strong reducing action is obtained which is rapidly converted into a reddish resin, corresponding to the behaviour of dl‐pelletierine as described in the literature.
Das Fette Oel der Samen von Isatis Tinctoria, L.
Authors: Steger Alp H. , van Loon J.
Published: September 2010

Das fette Öl der Samen von Isatis tinctoria L. enthält neben den gesättigten Säuren als ungesättigte: Eruca‐, Linol‐, Linolen‐ und Ölsäure in ungefähr gleichen Mengen.
Die Struktur der Phasengrenze bei Hydrophoben Kolloiden: V. Die Struktur der Phasengrenze beim System AgJ‐Elektrolyt
Authors: de Bruyn H.
Published: September 2010

Es wurde für Systeme der Type AgJ‐Elektrolyt ein Bild der Phasengrenzstruktur entwickelt, wobei die speziellen Eigenschaften der beiden in Kontakt stehenden Phasen in Rechnung gestellt wurden.

Die in früheren Abhandlungen beschriebenen charakteristischen Eigenschaften dieser Type von Systemen passen ganz zu dem hier ausgearbeiteten Bilde.
On the oxidation of methyl and ethyl alcohol. The mechanism of reaction in the gas phase
Authors: Jorissen W. P. , van Selms F. G. , Kreulen D. J. W.
Published: September 2010

The oxidation of methyl alcohol has been investigated in the liquid phase and the gas phase. In the latter case copper and aluminium were used as catalysts. Also the decomposition of methyl alcohol was investigated, oxygen being absent. These experiments were repeated using no catalyst.

Some experiments were made on the oxidation of ethyl alcohol in the gas phase and on the reduction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen.
Das Trocknen von Gasen
Authors: van Liempt J. A. M.
Published: September 2010

Ableitung einer Näherungsformel, welche den Wasserdampfgehalt eines Gases nach Durchführung durch eine Trockenanlage als Funktion von Rohrlänge, Gasgeschwindigkeit, Druck und Temperatur angibt.

Die Formel steht in befriedigender Übereinstimmung mit vorliegenden Daten.

Praktische Angaben für technische Berechnungen.
A new method for the determination of lactoflavin
Authors: Schuringa J. H.
Published: September 2010

A new method for the determination of lactoflavin in cereals and urine has been developed. Cereal products are extracted with 2 n alcoholic hydrochloric acid, the extract purified by extraction with phenol, adsorption with PbS and elution with a saturated NaCl solution, the extinction of a phenolic extract in which lactoflavin does not fluoresce then being determined in the step‐photometer.
Synthesis and activity of some heterocyclic sulphanilamide derivatives. I
Authors: Veldstra H. , Wiardi P. W.
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of a number of heterocyclic derivatives of sulphanilamide is described and information is given about the activity of these compounds against pneumococci and streptococci (in mice). Sulphanilamide (or derivatives) are substituted in N1 by 5‐(3′‐pyridyl)‐pyrazole, 2‐methylpyridine, 4‐methyl‐ and 4‐n‐propylpyrimidine or tetrazole, and in N4 by a nicotinyl group.
La Méthode à L'Acide Borique et la Configuration des d‐Mannoses
Authors: Böeseken J.
Published: September 2010

Dans une communication sur ce même sujet

J. Böeseken, Rec. trav. chim. 61, 77 (1942).

, j'avais conclu que le β‐d‐mannose serait le trans‐mannopyranose, parce que l'augmentation du pouvoir conducteur de l'acide borique causée par ce sucre s'accroit pendant la mutarotation. Cette conclusion doit être revisée.

Jackson et Hudson

Ernest L. Jackson and C. S. Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 994 (1937).

ont trouvé, en oxydant l'éther méthylique de l'α‐d‐mannopyranose par de l'acide periodique, que cet éther et, conséquemment, l'α‐mannopyranose lui‐même doivent avoir la configuration trans. Il en résulte que dans le β‐mannose, l'hydroxyle lié au carbone‐1 occupe la position cis par rapport à l'hydroxyle du carbone‐2. Dans ce qui suit, je veux exposer comment ce résultat, qui parait étre en contradiction avec les résultats des mesures de la conductibilité électrique, peut être expliqué par la formation passagère des d‐mannofuranoses.
The density and sorptive capacity of some samples of cotton, silk and wool. Part IV. Some remarks on the sorption of water by cotton, silk and wool
Authors: Heertjes P. M.
Published: September 2010

In this paper the relations between the volumes of dry fibres and fibres with different percentages of regain are discussed. With the aid of these relations and based on the opinion, that a solid substance will not sorb a liquid with appreciable contraction, the conclusion is reached that water will be sorbed by hydrophylic fibres in three ways, viz.:

by absorption in the outer layer of the micelles,

by adsorption at the micelle surface without contraction, and

by capillary condensation also without contraction.

The effect of the felting process and dyeing processes on the quantity of water sorbed, and more generally on the sorptive capacities of the fibres cotton, silk and wool is discussed.
The crystal structure of potassium thioferrite KFeS2 and sodium thiochromite NaCrS2
Authors: Boon J. W. , Mac Gillavry C. H.
Published: September 2010

KFeS2 is monoclinic, pseudohexagonal; it consists of chains (FeS2)n with K in the interstices. NaCrS2 has a rhombohedral layer lattice. The relation of these compounds to the mineral “sulpho‐salts” is discussed.
Untersuchungen über Pyrrolderivate: 8. Mitteilung
Authors: Rinkes I. J.
Published: September 2010

In der vorliegenden Abhandlung ist die Einwirkung von Nitrosoacetanilid auf Pyrrol‐N‐carbonsäure‐äthylester und 2‐Pyrrol‐carbonsäure‐methylester beschrieben.
Determination of nicotinic acid etc. In human urine and stool (II)
Authors: Roggen J. C.
Published: September 2010

A routine method is given for the determination of nicotinic acid and trigonelline in normal as well as in highly coloured urine.

Both compounds are excreted quite constantly; orally administered nicotinic acid and nicotinamide affect the quantities excreted to different degrees.

In faeces it is chiefly nicotinic acid which is encountered; the amounts are not increased by a large dose of nicotinic acid (nicotinamide) taken through the mouth. In order to avoid disturbing secondary colour reactions the nicotinic acid is purified by oxidation and adsorption on franconite; the trigonelline is determined by colorimetry of the dialdehyde which is formed from it by hydrolysis with alkali. A large part of orally taken nicotinic acid (amide) could not be recovered from the excreta. A remarkable reaction of the trigonelline is described. It is found that the colour reaction in the form given until now is not sufficiently specific.

A large part of orally taken nicotinic acid (amide) could not be recovered from the excreta.

A remarkable reaction of the trigonelline is described. It is found that the colour reaction in the form given is not sufficiently specific.
The dipole moment of the cyanogen halides: II. The dipole moment of cyanogen bromide
Authors: Zwartsenberg J. W.
Published: September 2010

For the dipole moment of cyanogen bromide in benzene solution a value of 2.94 ± 0.02 has been found.
Dérivés de la sulfanilamide renfermant l'anneau 1,2,4‐triazol
Authors: Backer H. J. , de Jonge J.
Published: September 2010

Les auteurs ont préparé plusieurs sulfonamides renfermant l'anneau triazol, en faisant agir le p‐acétylaminobenzènesulfochlorure ou le p‐nitrobenzènesulfochlorure sur le 5‐amino‐3‐méthyl‐1,2,4‐triazol et sur le 5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazol. Chaque réaction donne naissance à deux isomères, dont l'un se dissout dans les alcalis.
The crystal structure of phosphorus pentabromide
Authors: van Driel M. , Gillavry C. H. Mac
Published: September 2010

The crystal structure of PBr5 has been investigated by X‐ray analysis, a = 5.62, b = 16.91, c = 8.29 Å. The space group is D 11/2h–Pbcm. This is in complete agreement with the results of Powell and Clark1). Their statement that the structure consists of ions PBr4+ and Br– is confirmed. The PBr4+ group is found to be a nearly regular tetrahedron with bond length P‐Br = 2.2 Å. The shortest distance between Br‐ and P is 4.3 Å. Interionic as well as intraionic distances Br‐Br are abnormally short.
The influence of a third phase on the rheology of suspensions
Authors: Kruyt H. R. , van Selms F. G.
Published: September 2010

The plasticity (thixotropy) of suspensions of small glass beads in CCl4 and similar media was studied in connection with the dependence of the yield value on the water content. In the case of suspensions of glass the magnitude of the surface of the disperse phase is known; quantitative results can therefore be obtained.

Our investigations lead to the conclusion that the plasticity of the suspensions studied is to be ascribed to the work necessary to break the water linkages which join the particles as a third phase. It is not the non‐polarity of the medium, but the insolubility of water in the medium; this causes the formation of a third phase, which leads to the occurrence of plasticity in cases when water shows a preference to adhere to the particles. As a converse to the suspensions of starch, quartz and glass in CCl4 with addition of water, the system coal in water with addition of xylene is described.
The rate of shear‐shearing stress diagram (D‐τ diagram) of plastic suspensions
Authors: de Bruyn H.
Published: September 2010

The plastic behaviour of suspensions is considered from the point of view of energy, of structure and of mechanics. According to this method of consideration the systems which exhibit so‐called Ostwald structural viscosity (Ostwald systems) are to be conceived of as suspensions with elastically deformable micelles, while the so‐called Bingham systems are to be conceived of as suspensions of complexes which exhibit distintegration during stationary flow.

The similarity and the difference is pointed out between our method of analysis of the D‐τ data of suspensions of the Bingham type and the method of analysis proposed by Williamson.

The fluidity (reciprocal of the viscosity) is determined for Ostwald systems by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{\dot D}}{\tau } $\end{document}, for Bingham systems by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{d\dot D}}{{d\tau }} $\end{document}.

The fluidity‐shearing stress (φ‐τ) diagram, related in a simple way to the D‐τ data, enables us to establish the plastic behaviour of suspensions in general with the help of the same constants (liquidation tendency L and plasticity limits τ1 and τ2).
The preparation of 4‐amino‐1,2‐ethylenedioxybenzene and some azo dyes derived therefrom
Authors: Heertjes P. M. , Dahmen E. A. M. F.
Published: September 2010

The preparation of 4‐amino‐1,2‐ethylenedioxybenzene by cathodic reduction of the corresponding 4‐mononitro compound is described. The amino compound obtained is easily diazotized and, on coupling with different azo components, new azo dyes of, in general, good quality and brilliant colour are derived.
On the three‐phase pressures for solid salt‐solution‐vapour III
Authors: Korvezee A. E. , Dingemans P.
Published: September 2010

A very simple approximate expression (equation 5) is derived for the relation between the melting point of a solid substance and the temperature at which a maximum occurs in the three‐phase pressure curve solid substance‐saturated solution‐vapour.

An expression is also given (equation 7) for the distance between the temperatures of the two maxima in the three‐phase pressure curves, when the solid substance occurs in two modifications. Both equations are found to agree well with the observations for all the now known systems water‐salt.
Über 5‐Sulfanilamidotetrazol
Authors: Jensen K. A. , Hansen O. Rosenlund
Published: September 2010

Das von Veldstra und Wiardi beschriebene Acetylsulfanilylderivat des 5‐Aminotetrazols is nicht 5‐Acetylsulfanilamidotetrazol, und kann deshalb nicht bei der Hydrolyse 5‐Sulfanilamidotetrazol bilden. Das wahre 5‐Acetylsulfanilamidotetrazol gibt aber auch nicht bei der Hydrolyse 5‐Sulfanilamidotetrazol, sondern unterliegt einer Ringsprengung. Auch bei Einwirkung von Sulfanilsäurefluorid auf 5‐Aminotetrazol gelang es nicht, das 5‐Sulfanilamidotetrazol darzustellen.