bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Risk, High-Alert Medication Management Practices in a Regional State Psychiatric Facility
Authors: McKee Jerry , Cleary Susan
Published: June 2010

Background

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires that health care organizations identify high-risk, high alert medications and develop specific processes for enhancing patient safety surrounding their use.

Purpose

Describe the development and implementation of a clinical pharmacy service, which identifies patients initiated on lithium, clozapine, and warfarin therapy to enable real-time consultation, decrease preventable adverse medication events, and improve the medication-use process. Methods: The facility identified lithium, clozapine, and warfarin for enhanced clinical monitoring. Lithium monitoring criteria include appropriate indication and testing for pregnancy, renal function, electrolyte levels, thyroid function, and serum drug levels. Clozapine monitoring criteria include informed consent, metabolic end points, appropriate indication, and complete blood count monitoring. Warfarin monitoring includes appropriate indication, screening for drug interactions, and international normalized ratio follow-up. Pharmacy and Laboratory information system flags were used to identify at-risk patients.

Results

For the initial 21 months of implementation, 419 lithium patients were evaluated, with 60.1 % meeting criteria preconsultation, and 95.7% meeting criteria postconsultation. Adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports involving lithium decreased from 6% preimplementation to 3% postimplementation. A total of 76 clozapine-initiation patients were evaluated, with 75% of patients meeting all criteria preconsultation, and 96% meeting criteria postconsultation. Two percent of ADR reports involved clozapine preimplementation, with a decrease to 1% postimplementation. Fifty-six warfarin-initiation therapy patients were followed, with 94.6% meeting all post-pharmacist review criteria. Significant changes were made in the medication dispensing system to prevent warfarin-dose administration errors.

Conclusion

Pharmacist-facilitated, high-alert medication monitoring plays a significant role in improving the medication-use process in this regional state psychiatric facility.
Diversion in the Operating Room
Authors: O'neal Brian , Bass Kristen , Siegel Jerry
Published: June 2010

This is the third in a six-part series on diversion of controlled substances in an acute health care setting. The six articles are meant to accompany the recommendations in the Hospital Pharmacy article “Controlled Substance Diversion Detection: Go the Extra Mile” for a comprehensive analysis of all aspects of controlled substance handling. 1 The series focuses on preventing diversion from automated dispensing cabinets, the operating room (OR), and at all handling points within a pharmacy. The objective of the series is to provide practical recommendations to aid pharmacy managers as they seek to prevent or detect diversion. Experience is key to diversion detection; however, a pharmacy should not have to experience their own diversion in order to learn from it. The collective experience of pharmacy leaders at the Ohio State University Medical Center and the University of Kansas Hospital is gathered to assist other pharmacy leaders in the hopes that they will not have to gain this experience firsthand. This article will focus on minimizing the risk points at which controlled substances can be diverted from an OR setting. Each point will be described in detail, with recommendations on how to improve your diversion detection system.
Do Not Miss Important Computer Alerts: Look-Alike Vial Alert: Purchasing for Safety
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: June 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Gynecomastia Associated with Fenofibrate Changes in Renal Function Due to Gabapentin Thiopental-Induced Neutropenia Vancomycin-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia Frequency of Analgesic Use and Risk of Hypertension Infant Deaths Associated with Cough and Cold Preparations Seniors Do Not Discuss Herbal Use
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the FDA's medWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to medWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers. Write to Dr. Shuster at ISMP, 1800 Byberry Road, Suite 810, Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006 (call 215-947-7797; fax 215-914-1492; e-mail: joel.shuster@temple.edu ). Your report will be published anonymously unless otherwise requested. This feature is provided by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices in cooperation with the FDA's medWatch Program and Temple University School of Pharmacy. ISMP is an FDA medWatch partner.
Lapatinib: Vorinostat
Authors: McHugh Daniel C. , Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: June 2010

The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy increases the requirement that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column will review various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy, and review various agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases. Questions or suggestions for topics should be addressed to Dominic A. Solimando, Jr., President, Oncology Pharmacy Services, Inc., 4201 Wilson Blvd #110-545, Arlington, VA 22203, e-mail: OncRxSvc@aol.com ; or J. Aubrey Waddell, Associate Professor, University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy; Oncology Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, Blount Memorial Hospital, 907 E. Lamar Alexander Parkway, Maryville, TN 37804, e-mail: waddfour@charter.net .
Use of Hypertonic 7.5% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Solution in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries Trauma: Antibiotics in Open Fractures: Sedation Update: Time for a Change?
Authors: Birrer Kara L. , Cat Tram , Hall Lisa , Patanwala Asad
Published: June 2010

This feature examines the impact of pharmacologic interventions on the treatment of the critically ill patient — an area of health care that has become increasingly complex. Recent advances in drug therapy (including evolving and controversial data) for adult intensive-care-unit patients will be reviewed and assessed in terms of clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes. Direct questions or comments to Sandra Kane-Gill, PharmD, MSc, at kanesl@upmc.edu .
Granisetron: Postanesthetic Shivering
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J.
Published: June 2010

Off-Label Drug Uses

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form, so the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments regarding “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@wolterskluwer.com .
Integrating Susceptibility Data from Two Surveillance Programs with Unique Methodological Techniques: The Antibiogram Resistance Method or Isolate-Based Resistance Monitoring (ARMOR) Study Group
Authors: Epstein Benjamin J. , Gums John G. , Turner Phillip J. , Feldgarden Michael , Hou Wei
Published: June 2010

Background

Antimicrobial resistance can be tracked by several methods. The optimal application of surveillance strategies is an integral part in curbing the resistance epidemic.

Objectives

The Antimicrobial Resistance Management (ARM) and Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) programs are ongoing antibiotic surveillance studies with different methodologies. Our aim was to compare susceptibility data generated by each program to determine if the two methods produce similar results.

Methods

ARM is a Web-based, antibiogram-driven surveillance system, whereas MYSTIC tests individual bacterial isolates in accordance with Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute methods. We compared national susceptibility rates during 1999 to 2004 from ARM and MYSTIC for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Results

E. coli susceptibility was greater than 90% for all agents evaluated except ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Susceptibility rates in ARM and MYSTIC were similar (within 5%), with the exception of levofloxacin — for which susceptibility was reported as 92.3% in ARM and 83% in MYSTIC ( P < 0.0001). Amikacin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and meropenem were identified by both surveillance programs as the most active agents against E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Both systems detected increasing fluoroquinolone resistance ( P < 0.0001) and relatively stable activity among other agents tested. For K. pneumoniae, all agents displayed resistance rates less than 10%. Susceptibility rates in ARM and MYSTIC were remarkably similar. The largest difference was 2.9% for piperacillin/tazobactam (92.8% in ARM vs 95.7% in MYSTIC, P < 0.0001). Regionally, nonsusceptibility to E. coli and K. pneumoniae was similar, though for some comparisons MYSTIC reported higher rates of nonsusceptibility in the Northeast, Northwest, and South Central.

Conclusion

Surveillance of antibiotic activity patterns can be performed confidently with either method discussed above. Attempts should be made to integrate results from different surveillance programs to optimize surveillance.
Making the Most of Unit Dose Dispensing Automation
Authors: Sanborn Michael
Published: June 2010

Pharmacy directors are faced with a myriad of options when it comes to unit dose automation. The goal of this Director' Forum article is to outline the most common types of automation available, summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each, and review considerations surrounding optimization, maintenance, and patient safety.
Hospital Pharmacy Pulse - Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy
Authors: Sterling Jacyntha
Published: June 2010

Hospital Pharmacy presents this feature to keep pharmacists abreast of new publications in the medical/pharmacy literature. Articles of interest will be abstracted monthly regarding a broad scope of topics. Suggestions or comments may be addressed to: Jacyntha Sterling, Drug Information Specialist at Saint Francis Hospital, 6161 S Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136 or e-mail: jasterling@saintfrancis.com .
Replacing Outdated Drugs; Humira Pen and HumaPen; No FDA Guidance on Drug Concentration Expression; mcg/kg versus mcg/kg/min
Authors: Cohen Michael R.
Published: June 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Amiodarone Prophylaxis: Impact on Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Howard Patricia A. , Barnes Brian J.
Published: June 2010

This continuing feature will update readers on recent developments in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the United States, and more clinical outcome trials have been conducted in cardiology than in any other field of medicine. Given this rapidly expanding knowledge base, pharmacists can have a significant impact on prevention and treatment—if they keep current with developments in drug therapy.
Implementation of Wireless “Intelligent” Pump IV Infusion Technology in a Not-for-Profit Academic Hospital Setting
Authors: Siv-Lee Lor , Morgan Linda
Published: June 2010

Purpose

This paper describes the implementation of wireless “intelligent” pump intravenous (IV) infusion technology in a not-for-profit academic, multicampus hospital system in the United States.

Methods

The process of implementing a novel infusion system in a multicampus health care institution (main campus plus three satellite campuses) is described. Details are provided regarding the timelines involved, the process for the development of the drug libraries, and the initial implementation within and across campuses.

Results

In early 2004, with the end of the device purchase contract period nearing, a multidisciplinary committee evaluated potential IV infusion pumps for hospital use. In April 2004, the committee selected the Plum A+ infusion system with Hospira MedNet software and wireless capabilities (Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, IL). Implementation of the single-channel IV infusion system took place July through October 2005 following installation of the wireless infrastructure throughout the multicampus facility. Implementation occurred in July, one campus at a time; the three smaller satellite campuses went “live” before the main campus. Implementation of the triple-channel IV infusion system took place in March 2006 when the wireless infrastructure was completed and fully functional throughout the campuses, software was upgraded, and drug library revisions were completed and uploaded.

Conclusion

“Intelligent” pump technology provided a framework to standardize drug concentrations used in the intensive care units. Implementation occurred transparently without any compromise of patient care. Many lessons were learned during implementation that explained the initial suboptimal compliance with safety software use. In response, the committee developed strategies to increase software utilization rates, which resulted in improved acceptance by nursing staff and steadily improving compliance rates. Wireless technology has supported remote device management, prospective monitoring, the avoidance of medication error, and the timely education of health care professionals regarding potential medication errors.
Cancer Chemotherapy Update: Mesna, Doxorubicin, Ifosfamide, and Dacarbazine (MAID) Regimen for Sarcomas
Authors: Waddell J. Aubrey , Solimando Dominic A.
Published: June 2010

The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy now requires that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column will review various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy, and review various agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Army, Department of Defense, or US Government.
Topiramate: Smoking Cessation
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J.
Published: June 2010

Off-Label Drug Uses

— This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form, so the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments regarding “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@wolterskluwer.com .
Impact of Computerized Prescriber Order Entry (CPOE) on Clinical Pharmacy Practice: A Hypothesis-Generating Study
Authors: Lai Josephine S. , Yokoyama Glenn , Louie Clifton , Lightwood Jim
Published: June 2010

Since the Institute of Medicine's 1999 landmark report on patient safety, much literature have been published to show the advantages and disadvantages of information systems such as computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) on improving the delivery of health care. The primary end points of this study were to assess the potential impact of CPOE on patient safety, as well as pharmacy practice and profession—based on the experience and/or opinions of selected pharmacy leaders in California. A qualitative method using multidimensional scaling (MDS), a hypothesis generating tool, was used for data analysis. Most pharmacy leaders held positive opinions regarding the impact of CPOE on the pharmacy practice and the profession, with varying concerns regarding its impact on practice and safety. The MDS analysis showed that leaders from community hospitals held the most optimistic beliefs on CPOE's impact compared with leaders from the academic medical centers and government hospitals whom held concerns over the effect on pharmacy workflow, staffing requirements, and safety. Further studies with more observations should be conducted to assess the impact of CPOE on the pharmacy department.
Sertraline: Hot Flashes (Men)
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J.
Published: June 2010

Off-Label Drug Uses

— This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form, so the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments regarding “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@wolterskluwer.com .
Maraviroc
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E.
Published: June 2010

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD-ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X.

Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The November 2007 monograph topics are doripenem, thrombin, topical, zoledronic acid injection in Paget Disease and Osteoporosis, dexrazoxane, and lanreotide. The DUE is on doripenem.
New Drugs Approved by the FDA; Agents Pending FDA Approval; Supplemental Applications Filed by Manufacturer; Significant Labeling Changes Baker
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: June 2010

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, indications, dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information; however, if there are any questions, let us know at hospitalpharmacy@wolterskluwer.com .
Cerebral Ischemia Related to Isotretinoin; Venlafaxine-Induced Alopecia; Cognitive Dysfunction with Tolterodine; Retinal Artery Occlusion after Injection of Long-Acting Risperidone; Olanzapine-Induced Chylomicronemia Presenting as Pancreatitis; Metabolic Effects of the Atypical Antipsychotics – an Editorial; Another Drug-Induced Pancreatitis – This One Caused by a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor; Suicide Attempts Related to Antidepressant Medications
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MEDWATCH program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to MEDWATCH, please consider sharing the account with our readers. Your report will be published anonymously unless otherwise requested. This feature is provided by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices in cooperation with the FDA's MEDWATCH Program and Temple University School of Pharmacy. ISMP is an FDA MEDWATCH partner.
The Case against Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in 2007
Authors: Stevens Alison M. , Thomas Zachariah
Published: June 2010

This feature examines the impact of pharmacologic interventions on the treatment of the critically ill patient — an area of health care that has become increasingly complex. Recent advances in drug therapy (including evolving and controversial data) for adult intensive care unit patients will be reviewed and assessed in terms of clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes. Direct questions or comments to Zachariah Thomas, PharmD at zachariah.thomas@gmail.com or Sandra Kane-Gill, PharmD, MSc, at kanesl@upmc.edu .
Lack of Standard Dosing Methods Contribute to IV Errors Talc Misadministered IV
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: June 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in an Infant Treated with Oral Steroids All-Trans Retinoic Acid as a Cause of Respiratory Failure Dronabinol-Induced Gynecomastia Neutrophilic Dermatitis Seen with Bortezomib Unfavorable Smell with a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Aloe Vera-Induced Hepatitis Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Attributed to Etanercept Serious Adverse Drug Events Reported to the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MEDWATCH program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to MEDWATCH, please consider sharing the account with our readers. Write to Dr. Shuster at ISMP, 1800 Byberry Road, Suite 810, Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006 (phone: 215-947-7797; fax: 215-914-1492; e-mail: joel.shuster@temple.edu ). Your report will be published anonymously unless otherwise requested. This feature is provided by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices in cooperation with the FDA's MEDWATCH Program and Temple University School of Pharmacy. ISMP is an FDA MEDWATCH partner.
Pentoxifylline: Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J.
Published: June 2010

Off-Label Drug Uses — This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form, so the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments regarding “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@wolterskluwer.com .
Rectus sheath haematoma – rare complication of anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Barna László , Gyenes István , Kiss Levente , Csapó Kálmán
Published: June 2010

Az egyenes hasizom (musculus rectus abdominis) hüvelyében keletkező haematoma egy ritkán előforduló, sokszor diagnosztikai nehézséget okozó kórkép. A szerzők három, véralvadásgátló kezelésben részesült betegüknél észlelték a kórkép előfordulását. Mindhárom beteg nőbeteg volt, közülük ketten károsodott vesefunkciójúak voltak. Mindegyik beteg thrombocytaaggregáció-gátló kezelésben is részesült. Az antikoaguláns szer (két esetben alacsony molekulatömegű heparin, egy esetben warfarin) túlzott véralvadásgátlást eredményezett. A fizikális vizsgálattal sejthető diagnózist két esetben hasi ultrahang, egy esetben komputertomográfia igazolta. Két beteg került műtétre, egy konzervatív kezelés mellett gyógyult. A rectushüvely-haematoma megelőzése érdekében a szerzők javasolják az antikoaguláns kezelés különösen gondos alkalmazását idősebb nőbetegeknél, valamint károsodott vesefunkció esetén, főképpen, ha a beteg thrombocytaaggregáció-gátlót is kap.
Estudos citológicos no gênero Arachis
Authors: Mendes A. J. T.
Published: June 2010

Tôdas as variedades de amendoim estudadas até o presente têm 2n = 40 cromossômios e pertencem à espécie A. hypogxa L. e à A. nambiquarx Hoehne. O autor do presente trabalho confirma essas contagens e revela a existência de espécies com 2n = 20 cromossômios, a saber : A. prostrata Benth (?), A. marginata Gardn., A. marginata Gardn. var. submarginata Hoehne, A. Diogoi Hoehne f. typica Hoehne, A. Diogoi Hoehne sub-espécie major Hoehne e A. villosulicarpa Hoehne. Além disso, o número 2n = 20 foi encontrado em mais uma espécie não identificada e 2n=40 em plantas de 7 grupos diferentes, cuja identificação também ainda não foi feita. Uma quimera cromossômica foi constatada em raiz de A. hypogsea, parte com 40 e parte com 80 cromossômios. O amendoim cultivado, à luz desta investigação e das provas genéticas constatadas por vários autores, deve ser encarado como tetraplóide e deve ter surgido espontâneamente no próprio centro de origem das formas diplóides (Estado de Mato Grosso).
Plantas úteis para o revestimento do solo pesquisa acêrca das suas caraterísticas de cobertura e travamento
Authors: Alencar F. M. Aires de
Published: June 2010

O autor descreve, neste trabalho, investigações realizadas sôbre as caraterísticas de cobertura e fixação do solo, de dez espécies vegetais. A técnica e o método que empregou consistiram, em síntese, em fazer cortes da parte aérea e em escavar blocos de terra com raízes a determinadas alturas e profundidades, numa área de 0,25 m², de forma a obter a densidade de cobertura do solo pela parte aérea e de travamento pela parte subterrânea, a diferentes distâncias da superfície do solo. Os resultados obtidos levaram às seguintes conclusões preliminares : a) A espécie Paspalum notatum Flügge, compreendendo duas variedades - grama Batatais de fôlha larga e grama Americana de folha estreita, apresentou a maior percentagem em pêso e volume da parte aérea e subterrânea a 2 e 8 centímetros, acima e abaixo do nível do solo. b) A grama das Roças (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) oferece boa cobertura, mas o efeito de travamento é fraco para tôdas as profundidades, c) O capim Kikuiu (Pennisetum clandestinum Chio v.), a grama Tio Pedro (Paspalum convexum H. B.) e o capim Gengibre (Paspalum maritimum Trin.) proporcionam boa cobertura e sofrível travamento do solo. d) A grama Sêda (Cynodon dactylon Pers.) e a grama Portuguêsa (Panicum repens L.) deram dados satisfatórios para tôdas as alturas e profundidades, e) A Margaridinha (Wedelia paludosa L.) possibilita ótima cobertura e bom travamento a tôdas as profundidades, f) O Kudzu comum (Pueraria thumbergiana Benth.) forneceu dados bem elevados, mesmo para o último bloco subterrâneo, que atinge 80 centímetros de profundidade. Em face dos dados obtidos, o autor faz considerações sôbre a utilização das vegetações estudadas em práticas conservacionistas de caráter vegetativo
Uso do ácido ascórbico no controle do escurecimento do pericarpo de lichia
Authors: Silva Danieele Fabíola Pereira da , Cabrini Elaine Cristina , Alves Robson Ribeiro , Salomão Luiz Carlos Chamhum
Published: June 2010

Um dos maiores problemas na pós-colheita da lichia é o escurecimento do pericarpo, o qual tem sido atribuído à degradação da antocianina. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de ácido ascórbico na prevenção do escurecimento do pericarpo e na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de lichia. Frutos de lichieira 'Bengal' com o pericarpo completamente vermelho foram imersos em solução com diferentes doses de ácido ascórbico (0; 5; 10; 15 e 30 mM), por 5 minutos. Após secagem à temperatura ambiente, foram acondicionados em bandejas de poliestireno, armazenados em câmara fria a 5 ± 1,2Â°C e 90 ± 5% de UR e avaliados a cada 4 dias, durante 12 dias. Observou-se que a perda de massa fresca foi maior nos frutos não tratados com ácido ascórbico. Independentemente da dose, o ácido ascórbico teve pouco efeito na retenção da cor vermelha do pericarpo de lichia. A atividade das enzimas polifenoloxidase e peroxidase no pericarpo foi maior com as menores doses de ácido ascórbico (0; 5 e 10 mM), entretanto observou-se escurecimento a partir do quarto dia no pericarpo dos frutos tratados com este ácido. O ácido ascórbico também não foi eficiente na manutenção da qualidade interna dos frutos.
Aspectos histológicos da união da enxertia hipocotiledonar do maracujazeiro-amarelo
Authors: Nogueira Filho Geraldo Costa , Roncatto Givanildo , Ruggiero Carlos , Oliveira João Carlos de , Malheiros Euclides Braga , Damião Filho Carlos Ferreira
Published: June 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar, um mês após a realização da enxertia hipocotiledonar, a conexão entre os tecidos vasculares do enxerto e do porta-enxerto e diferenças anatômicas na formação da união da enxertia entre os sete porta-enxertos. Coletaram-se amostras da região de enxertia de duas mudas de cada combinação enxerto/porta-enxerto. As regiões da enxertia foram fixadas, desidratadas em série alcoólica, incluídas em parafina, emblocadas e seccionadas em micrótomo. As secções obtidas foram montadas em lâminas de vidro, desparafinizadas, coradas com safranina e novamente desidratadas, obtendo-se lâminas histológicas permanentes. Cerca de 800 secções foram observadas e analisadas sob microscópio óptico e fotomicrografadas. Não se verificou diferença anatômica na formação da união da enxertia entre os sete porta-enxertos, e um mês após a realização da enxertia, a conexão entre os tecidos vasculares do enxerto e do porta-enxerto era observável.
Desenvolvimento e produção das plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo produzidas por enxertia hipocotiledonar sobre seis porta-enxertos
Authors: Nogueira Filho Geraldo Costa , Roncatto Givanildo , Ruggiero Carlos , Oliveira João Carlos de , Malheiros Euclides Braga
Published: June 2010

O trabalho foi realizado no ripado e na área de Fruticultura do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), e teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de maracujazeiro-amarelo enxertado por enxertia hipocotiledonar, sobre seis porta-enxertos de passifloraceas em Jaboticabal-SP. Foram utilizados sete tratamentos, sendo seis tratamentos com porta-enxertos: P. edulis, P. caerulea, P. alata, P. gibertii, P. coccinea, P. cincinnata e um tratamento com pé-franco de P. edulis. Para todos os tratamentos, a variedade-copa utilizada foi o maracujazeiro-amarelo 'FB 200'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 03 repetições. A parcela foi constituída de uma linha de quatro plantas (20m lineares). A condução foi realizada conforme os tratos culturais recomendados para a cultura. As características avaliadas foram altura das plantas, diâmetro da região da enxertia, diâmetro do enxerto, diâmetro do porta-enxerto, relação enxerto/porta-enxerto, produção, número e peso médio de frutos. As plantas pé-franco apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento que as enxertadas, e as plantas do porta-enxerto P. caerulea foram as de pior desenvolvimento. Já as plantas do porta-enxerto P. coccinea apresentaram a menor velocidade de crescimento, apesar de bastante vigorosas.
Métodos de superação da dormência de sementes de plantas daninhas de pastagens cultivadas da Amazônia
Authors: Souza Filho Antonio P. da S. , Dutra Saturnino , Silva Maria A. M. M.
Published: June 2010

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar diferentes métodos de superação da dormência de sementes de plantas daninhas de áreas de pastagens cultivadas da região amazônica brasileira. Foram estudados os métodos escarificação térmica em água a temperatura de 80oC por 4, 8 e 12 minutos, escarificação química em ácido sulfúrico por 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos e nitrato de potássio nas concentrações de 0,1; 0,2 e 0,3%. As sementes, cuja dormência não foi superada por esses métodos, foram colocadas para germinar na presença de cinetina (20, 40, 60 e 80 ppm) e de giberelina (150, 300, 450 e 600 ppm). A germinação foi monitorada em períodos de 15 dias, com contagem diária e eliminação das sementes germinadas. A escarificação térmica em água não se mostrou satisfatória, tendo havido, para a maioria das espécies, redução da germinação em relação ao tratamento testemunha. O ácido sulfúrico foi eficiente para superar a dormência das sementes de todas as espécies, havendo, no entanto, variações com relação ao tempo de imersão. O nitrato de potássio afetou positivamente a germinação das sementes de fedegoso, de rinchão e, mais expressivamente, de Hyptis mutabilis. As sementes de jurubebão responderam, positivamente, apenas aos diferentes níveis de giberelina, atingindo valor superior de germinação na concentração de 600 ppm.
Interferência da palhada de capim-braquiária, sobre o crescimento inicial de eucalipto
Authors: Dinardo Weber , Toledo Roberto E. B. de , Alves Pedro L. da C. A. , Galli Antonio J. B.
Published: June 2010

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os possíveis efeitos da interferência, particularmente a alelopática, da palhada de Brachiaria decumbens (BRADC), resultante de controle químico com glyphosate (1440 g e.a./ha), sobre o crescimento inicial de plantas de Eucalyptus grandis. Os tratamentos experimentais foram os seguintes: eucalipto convivendo com a BRADC até 230 dias após o transplante (D.A.T.); eucalipto convivendo com BRADC, mas sendo essa controlada aos 106 D.A.T. com capina manual ou com uso de glyphosate; eucalipto sem convivência com BRADC, mas com simulação dos controles aos 106 D.A.T.; eucalipto sem conviver com BRADC e recebendo a palhada da planta daninha obtida em área tratada com os dois métodos de controle, adotando como testemunha a cobertura com Sphagnum. Ao final do período experimental (230 D.A.T.) constatou-se que as plantas de eucalipto que cresceram em convivência com BRADC apresentaram reduções significativas na altura, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas e de ramos e área foliar quando comparadas com as plantas que cresceram nos recipientes que receberam a cobertura morta de BRADC, independente do método de controle empregado. Observou-se, que tanto o controle químico como a capina manual, não afetaram o crescimento inicial das plantas de eucalipto, independentemente da situação de convivência ou de simulação. Com base nesses resultados, pode-se concluir que o capim-braquiária, quando controlado quimicamente com glyphosate, não exerceu efeito sobre o crescimento inicial do eucalipto.
Redução da dose e do volume de calda nas aplicações noturnas de herbicidas em pós-emergência na cultura de soja
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo C. , Machado-Neto Joaquim G. , Matuo Tomomassa
Published: June 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de reduções da dose e do volume de calda nas aplicações noturnas de herbicidas em pós-emergência sobre o controle de plantas daninhas e a seletividade para a cultura da soja. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da FCAV/UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal, durante os anos agrícolas de 94/95 e 95/96. As aplicações foram realizadas às 5, 9, 14, 17 e 22h e o volume de calda de 300 l/ha foi reduzido para 75 e 150l/ha. No primeiro experimento foram aplicadas as doses de 432 g de bentazon/ha e 90 g de lactofen/ha, correspondentes a 60% das recomendações de rótulo desses herbicidas, e no segundo, 60 g lactofen/ha e 157,5 g de fomesafen/ha + 2 % de adjuvante (v/v), correspondentes a 40% e 70% das recomendações. Também foram incluídos nos experimentos tratamentos com as recomendações dos rótulos e testemunhas com e sem capina das plantas daninhas durante todo o ciclo da cultura. As aplicações noturnas, realizadas às 5 e 22h, favoreceram significativamente a ação do lactofen com 60% da dose recomendada e desfavoreceram a do fomesafen no controle das plantas daninhas. Não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre os volumes de aplicação estudados, possibilitando o uso de 75 ou 150 l de calda/ha aplicados nos horários mais favoráveis a cada um dos herbicidas. A maior eficiência das aplicações dos herbicidas bentazon, lactofen e fomesafen depende, além das condições ambientais favoráveis no período noturno, das interações específicas entre os herbicidas e as plantas daninhas.
Efeito de herbicidas graminicidas, aplicados em pós-emergência, sobre aveia branca, aveia preta e trigo
Authors: Vargas Leandro , Fleck Nilson G. , Cunha Marcos M. da , Vidal Ribas A.
Published: June 2010

Durante as estações de crescimento de 1993 e 1994 foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo um em vaso sob telado, na Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS, em Porto Alegre/RS, e outro em condições de campo, na Estação Experimental Agronômica da UFRGS, em Eldorado do Sul/RS. 0 objetivo do trabalho foi investigar o grau de tolerância de alguns genótipos de aveia branca, aveia preta e trigo aos herbicidas graminicidas aplicados em pós-emergência. Avaliaram-se dez genótipos de aveia branca (Avena sativa), aveia preta (Avena strigosa) e trigo (Triticum aestivum), tratados com os herbicidas clethodim, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop e sethoxydim. As variáveis avaliadas foram fitotoxicidade visual e rendimento de grãos. Constatou-se que fenoxaprop controla essas aveias em nível superior a 98% e apresenta seletividade ao trigo (BR-23). O diclofop apresenta controle acima de 94% para aveia branca, enquanto para aveia preta mostra dano médio e apresenta alta seletividade ao trigo. Os demais herbicidas apresentaram-se como não seletivos para todos os genótipos testados.
Efeitos de diferentes substratos e da profundidade de semeadura na germinação de sementes de mata-pasto e malva
Authors: Souza Filho Antonio P. S. , Dutra Saturnino , Silva Maria A. M. M. , Teixeira Neto José F.
Published: June 2010

As flutuações na germinação de sementes no campo são governadas por um conjunto de fatores ambientais. No presente trabalho são analisados os efeitos do pH, da salinidade e do alumínio sobre a germinação de sementes, e da profundidade de semeadura sobre a taxa de emergência de plântulas das invasoras de pastagens mata-pasto (Cassia tora) e malva (Urena lobata). À exceção dos estudos de profundidade de semeadura, que foram realizados em casa de vegetação, os demais foram realizados em laboratório. A germinação e a taxa de emergência de plântulas foram monitoradas em períodos de 15 e 20 dias, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o pH na faixa de 3 a 11 e a concentração de alumínio de 0 a 2,0 meq/100 ml não afetaram a germinação das sementes das duas invasoras. Mata-pasto e malva responderam similarmente à salinidade até o nível de 150 mM. Entretanto, para a concentração de 300 mM, malva foi mais tolerante à salinidade do que o mata-pasto, cujas sementes não germinaram nesta concentração do sal. A relação entre taxa de emergência de plântulas e profundidade de semeadura foi quadrática para ambas as espécies. Mata-pasto, entretanto, evidenciou maior capacidade para emergir da profundidade de 8 cm do que a malva, que apresentou taxa de emergência zero, quando semeada nesta profundidade.
Avaliação do potencial alelopático de genótipos de aveia no final do ciclo
Authors: Jacobi Ubiratã S. , Fleck Nilson G.
Published: June 2010

Em sistemas de cultivo em semeadura direta, a aveia é uma das culturas de inverno mais importantes entre as que são utilizadas para formação de cobertura morta. Nos tecidos da aveia existem aleloquímicos, o que torna importante o entendimento deste fenômeno nesta cultura. Através da análise da palha de resíduos de genótipos de aveia, bem como dos seus aleloquímicos, poder-se-á obter uma avaliação ampla do seu potencial alelopático. Nesta análise, pode-se verificar que os genótipos de aveia mantém o potencial alelopático no final do ciclo de vida, revelando-se com maior efeito alelopático UFRGS 6, UFRGS 9, UFRGS 10 e UPF 13. Ao mesmo tempo, os genótipos que exibem menor efeito alelopático são UFRGS 12, UFRGS 17, UFRGS 884077 e UPF 12. Os efeitos produzidos por compostos aleloquímicos (ácidos fenólicos) são similares aos provocados pelos extratos dos genótipos de aveia, mostrando uma relação entre o efeito alelopático dessas substâncias e os genótipos testados. Os aleloquímicos apresentam maior fitotoxicidade para as infestantes do que para as culturas, assim como ocorre com os resíduos de genótipos de aveia.
Mobilidade do dimethenamid em diferentes solos
Authors: Paes José M. V. , Araújo Shirley S. , Silva Antônio A. da , Ruiz Hugo A. , Oliveira Maurílio F. de
Published: June 2010

Avaliou-se nesse trabalho, em condições de casa-de-vegetação, a mobilidade do herbicida dimethenamid em amostras de solos provenientes de regiões agrícolas de Monte Santo (Franco-argilo-arenoso), Sete Lagoas (Argila) e Três Marias (Areia-franca) - MG, respectivamente, e em areia lavada, utilizando-se metodologia de bioensaios. O produto foi aplicado em condições de solo úmido na dose de 1,125 kg i.a. ha-1. Após a aplicação do produto foi feita a simulação de chuva (45 e 90 mm) sobre o topo das colunas contendo os diferentes substratos. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial. O dimethenamid foi fortemente arrastado no substrato areia. No solo proveniente de Três Marias o produto permaneceu na profundidade de 10 a 15 centímetros quando simulou-se chuva de 45 mm. Com a simulação da chuva de 90 mm, o produto permaneceu na profundidade de 20 a 30 centímetros. Nos solos Monte Santo e Sete Lagoas a lixiviação do dimethenamid apresentou comportamento similar, permanecendo nos 5 centímetros superficiais da coluna.