bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The improvement on Respiratory Muscle, Trunk Stability, and health status after Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver in COPD Patients
Authors: W Winny , Widjanantie Siti Chandra , M Maryastuti , Nusdwinuringtyas Nury
Published: November 2019

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients experienced respiratory muscledysfunction, postural instability, and decreasing in health status. Abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) hasbeen studied in many cases of low back pain for lumbar stabilization, moreover this maneuver is also designedto activate the transversus abdominalis (TA) muscle that involved in expiration. But this exercise has not beenconsidered as a respiration exercise in COPD patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether theapplication of ADIM to COPD patients would affect the strength of respiratory muscle, improve core musclestability, and health status of COPD patients.Methods:All clinically stable COPD patients who visited PMR clinic at Persahabatan General Hospital wererecruited in the study. They received exercise interventions 2 times a week for 4 weeks. ADIM as a mainprogram is using pressure transducer (Chattanooga, Australia). Each exercise was held 10 repetitions, 10 setswith 2 minutes rest. Strength of respiratory muscle measured by peak cough flow (PCF) and peak flow rate(PFR). Core muscle stability measured by functional reach test (FRT) and the health status measured with CATscore. The measurements were done before and immediately after intervention.Results: Subjects were 8 patients with mean age 62 years old, consisted of 7 men and 1 woman, with 1 patienteach with COPD grade A, B, and C, and 5 patients with COPD grade D. There were increasing of PCF (268.75± 59.146 L/min to 285.00 ±59.522 L/min; p=0.061), PFR (251.3±96.3 L/min to 286.3±92 L/min; p=0.028),FRT (20.2±3.8 cm to 22±3.9 cm; p=0.011), and decreasing of CAT score (14 ±8.685 to 11.50 ±8.848; p=0.027)after ADIM.Conclusion: There were an improvement in respiratory muscle, trunk stability, and CAT after ADIM, so themaneuver is effective for COPD management.Keywords: Abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD),COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Functional reach test (FRT), Peak cough flow (PCF), Peak flow rate (PFR)
Effects Of 10,000 Steps Walking Program In Cardiorespiratory Endurance Of Obese Adolescent
Authors: Jakatama William , Wahyudati Sri
Published: November 2019

Background: Sedentary life style lead to obesity which related into deterioration of cardiac function, anddeconditioning on musculoskeletal system, particularly on walking function. Walking is an important activityin human life, that automatically repeated in daily activity. Doing exercise by walking activity is a simple andsafe exercise. However, in walking exercise prescription, we need to establish what is the objective to achieve.The ten thousand steps of Walking Program (10,000 SWP) is pedometer-based walking program begin in Japanfor adult and elderly, thus the effects in obesity adolescent remains unclear. The aimed of this study was to findthe effect of 10,000 SWP in Cardiorespiratory Endurance (CE) on obese adolescent.Methods:This study was pre and post randomly experimental design with control, in 24 high school obeseadolescent. Subjects divided into two groups, the intervention group that received 10,000 steps walking program5 days in a week for 6 weeks, and the control group that number of step walking recorded by a pedometerwithout daily target. The cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 max) was evaluated by the six minute walking test(6MWT), that measured before and after intervention.Results: The Intervention and control groups each contain 12 obese high school students, that equal in age,body mass index, and the mean number of walking steps per day. There was no differences between VO2max1 (12.45 ml/Kg ) and VO2max 2 (12.38 ml/Kg ) (p=0.852) in control group, while there was the differencesbetween VO2max 1 (12.44 ml/kg) and VO2max 2 (17.06 ml/kg) (p=0.002) in treatment group.Conclusion: The 10,000 SWP has proven increasing the Cardiorespiratory Endurance of Obese Adolescent.Keywords: 10,000 Steps Walking Program, 6 Minute Walking Test, Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Obese Adolescent.
Electrocardiogram Changes with Neuroleptic Cardiomyopathy: The influence of age factor
Authors: Volkov VP
Published: November 2019

By calculating the Cohen coefficient, the force of the influence of an age factor on the dynamics of electrocardiographic parameters at development of a neuroleptic cardiomyopathy is determined. It is established that in patients of different age crucial importance plays not the age factor, but side cardiotoxic effect of antipsychotics leading finally to development of the cardiac pathology.

Keywords: Antipsychotics; Cardiotoxicity; Neuroleptic cardiomyopathy; Electrocardiogram changes; Age effect

As a result of active therapy of both the main mental and concomitant somatic pathology, the life expectancy of mental patients, in particular those suffering from schizophrenia, has increased significantly [1-5]. This process is accompanied by a significant increase in the duration of antipsychotic therapy (APT), thereby significantly lengthening the time of damaging cardiotoxic effects of antipsychotics (AP) on the heart, which is fraught with the development of severe life-threatening iatrogenic pathology-neuroleptic cardiomyopathy (NCMP) [6].
X-chromosome inactivation: dosage compensation of genes or heterochromatin?
Authors: AI Ibraimov
Published: November 2019

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the process by which one of two X chromosomes in mammalian female cells is inactivated. The DNA of the inactive X chromosome is packaged in transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin. It is generally accepted that XCI have evolved to enable dosage compensation in mammals as a way to equalize X-linked gene expression between XX and XY individuals. However, there remain several controversial issues regarding the causes of XCI. The most important of them, why dosage compensation of genes? An alternative hypothesis is discussed that XCI is caused by dose compensation for heterochromatin, rather than genes, in the genome of female mammals due to the lack of a sex chromosome in their karyotype with a large constitutive heterochromatin block, as in Y chromosome in males. It is for this reason that heterochromatinization of the euchromatin regions of one of the X chromosomes occurs. The biological meaning of heterochromatinization is to increase the density of condensed chromatin (??) around the interphase nucleus, responsible for removing excess heat from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, since the compaction of ?? depends on the amount of heterochromatin. The consequence of this process is the inactivation of genes that were in the area of heterochromatinization of the X chromosome.

Keywords: X-chromosome inactivation; Lyonization; Gene dosage compensation; Heterochromatin dosage compensation; Cell thermoregulation
Cell thermoregulation hypothesis: its origin, material basis, mechanisms and meaning
Authors: Ibraimov AI
Published: November 2019

The accumulated knowledge about the chromosome structure, redundant DNA and an interphase nucleus inevitably raises, at least, two questions: (1) Why are there so much non-coding DNAs in chromosomes of higher eukaryotes and (2) what is the role of their organization in interphase nucleus on cellular function? These questions in cell biology are attracting increased attention as the genomes of higher eukaryotes are being sequenced. Based on investigations of chromosomal heterochromatin regions variability in human populations, condensed chromatin (CC), interphase nucleus and redundant non-coding DNAs in the genome, an attempt is made to justify the view of possible participation of CC in cell thermoregulation. CC, being the densest domains in a cell, apparently conducts heat between the cytoplasm and nucleus when there is a difference in temperature between them.

Keywords: Cell Thermoregulation; Condensed Chromatin; Q-heterochromatin; C-heterochromatin; Human Body Heat Conductivity; Human Adaptation
Genetic counselling of Mucopolysaccharidosis type III: case report and literature review
Authors: Jamileh Malbin  , Shahab Galeban  , Yosef shafagati  , Mohammad sadegh fallah  , Sirous Zeinali
Published: November 2019

Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPSIII), or Sanfilippo syndrome is a lysosomal storage disease with neurological manifestations in affected children. It is heterogeneous diseases in all aspect; prevalence, clinical presentation, biochemistry and causative mutations. There are four biochemical forms of this disease: MPSIIIA, B, C, and D which each one has a different gene and involving enzyme. Molecular genetics and enzyme activity assay has been used to diagnosis of MPS and recently next generation sequencing technique has been used by some researcher. Here we report the family with two affected child which has been diagnosis by enzyme function analysis and counseling challenges for prenatal diagnosis in this family.

Keywords: Mucopolysaccharidosis; Enzyme activity test; Prenatal diagnosis
Effect of Green Tea and Zinc oxide Nanoparticles Complex on Histopathology of Spleen of Male Rats Induced by Monosodium Glutamate
Authors: Fawziah A Al-Salmi  , Reham Z Hamza  , Nahla S El-Shenawy
Published: November 2019

Background and objective: Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with green tea extract (GTE) to form a complex is known to be one of the most multiuse nanoparticles with its application in treatment the toxicity of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on liver, kidney, testis, and pancreas. Therefore, the present study was concerned with the pontifical effect of ZnO NPs / GTE complex on the histological structure of spleen exposed to MSG.

Materials and Methods: The toxicity of MSG was evaluated in male albino rats using two dosages (low, 6.0 and high, 17.5 mg/kg). The albino rats were taken for the experiment and randomly assigned into six groups; control, ZnO NPs, MSG-LD, MSG-HD, ZnO NPs / GTE + MSG-LD, and ZnO NPs / GTE + MSG-HD. The animals were decapitated after 30 days of exposure and spleens were dissected out and processed for the histological examination by light microscope.

Results: The result revealed that MSG causes shrinkage in the white pulp nodule with increasing the area of the white pulp and degeneration of red pulp as compared to the control. The changes were more prominent in the rats treated with the higher dosage of MSG. The finding suggests that MSG may effect on adhesion of splenocytes and degeneration of red pulp in the rat leading to the reduced immunogenic response.

Conclusions: The data could be demonstrated the effect of MSG on spleen tissue was a dose-dependent and led to hypertrophy of white pulp of the spleen. The ZnO NPs/GTE complex could provide a protective benefit against MSG-induced splenomegaly through its potent antioxidant properties due to the presence of GTE and reduction of the ZnO. The future study will be a concern on the thymus histology as it acts as the center of lymphoid organ.

Keywords: Monosodium glutamate, ZnO nanoparticles, Spleen, Histology, Rats
Role of genetic diagnosis in thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Vaktangova N  , Garcia Castañon S  , Martinez Gago  , Corrales B  , Rodríguez Aguilar R
Published: November 2019

Carcinoma medullary thyroid is a rare, malignant neoplasm. Affected patients can be hereditary carriers, but in most cases they are spontaneously affected. In hereditary cases, prophylactic surgery is recommended at an early age. We present a case of the patient carrier of mutation of the proto-oncogene type RET with medullary thyroid carcinoma prophylactic surgery already in adulthood.

Keywords: Medullary thyroid carcinoma; MEN 2; Prophylactic surgery
Role of BoLA-DRB3 genetic diversity against resistance to mastitis in cattle: Review
Authors: Namita Kumari  , Shubham Loat  , Shallu Saini  , Nitika Dhilor  , Anurag Kumar  , R.S. Kataria
Published: November 2019

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an organized cluster of tightly linked genes, present in all vertebrates, playing an important role in the immune system, except the jawless fish [1]. MHC was first identified during tissue transplantation studies in mice [2] and was first known for its role in histocompatibility. Consequently, the role of MHC was discovered in immune regulation [3] and several other functions [4,5]. The important function of the MHC is to code for specialized antigen-presenting receptor glycoproteins, also called as MHC molecules. The products of these genes are involved in the induction and regulation of immune response. These molecules bind processed peptide antigens and present them to T-lymphocytes, thereby triggering immune response.
Coronal Cooling as a Result of Mixing by the Nonlinear Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability
Authors: Hillier Andrew , Arregui Iñigo
Published: November 2019

Recent observations show cool, oscillating prominence threads fading when observed in cool spectral lines and appearing in warm spectral lines. A proposed mechanism to explain the observed temperature evolution is that the threads were heated by turbulence driven by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability that developed as a result of wave-driven shear flows on the surface of the thread. As the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is an instability that works to mix the two fluids on either side of the velocity shear layer, in the solar corona it can be expected to work by mixing the cool prominence material with that of the hot corona to form a warm boundary layer. In this paper, we develop a simple phenomenological model of nonlinear Kelvin–Helmholtz mixing, using it to determine the characteristic density and temperature of the mixing layer. For the case under study, with constant pressure across the two fluids, these quantities are

and

. One result from the model is that it provides an accurate—as determined by comparison with simulation results—determination of the kinetic energy in the mean velocity field. A consequence of this is that the magnitude of turbulence—and with it, the energy that can be dissipated on fast timescales—as driven by this instability can be determined. For the prominence–corona system, the mean temperature rise possible from turbulent heating is estimated to be less than 1% of the characteristic temperature (which is found to be T
mixed = 105 K). These results highlight that mixing, and not heating, is likely to be the cause of the observed transition between cool to warm material. One consequence of this result is that the mixing creates a region with higher radiative loss rates on average than either of the original fluids, meaning that this instability could contribute a net loss of thermal energy from the corona, i.e., coronal cooling.
Xenochlora meridionalis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a new halictine bee from eastern Brazil as evidence of past connections between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest
Authors: Melo Gabriel A.R. , Faria Luiz R.R. , Santos Leandro M.
Published: November 2019

We describe a new species of the bee genusXenochloraEngel, Brooks & Yanega, 1997,X. meridionalissp. nov., based on a single female collected in the coastal forests of southeastern Brazil, in the state of Espírito Santo. The disjunct distribution exhibited byXenochlora, with species in northern South America and in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil, is discussed in light of current knowledge about other taxa with similar distribution pattern.
Inventer la racine, une poésie souterraine
Authors: Gossart Laurence
Published: November 2019

En s’appuyant sur les différentes manières de représenter les racines des plantes et des arbres dans les ouvrages botaniques de la Renaissance et des siècles postérieurs, ceux canoniques de Leonhart Fuchs, de Joseph Pitton de Tournefort et de Pierre-Joseph Redouté, mais également ceux de chercheurs et d’artistes contemporains comme Francis Hallé et Giuseppe Penone, l’article analyse les avancées et les impasses de ces représentations qui tentent à travers images et mots de donner à voir cette part invisible des plantes. Il met ainsi en lumière les façons dont ces représentations participent à la construction de nouvelles perceptions du végétal et conduisent à une réflexion sur le sensible et la langue poétique.
Un tourisme particulier
Authors: Hamus-Vallée Réjane
Published: November 2019

Dès sa naissance, le cinématographe explore les différents univers de l’œuvre de Jules Verne. Le Voyage au centre de la Terre , roman de 1864, est ainsi adapté à de nombreuses reprises, en particulier à trois moments-clés de l’histoire du cinéma : à ses débuts (version de Segundo de Chomón de 1910) ; lors de la standardisation de la couleur et des débuts de la crise de fréquentation des salles (version de Henry Levin de 1959) ; au passage au tout numérique (la version en relief d’Eric Brevig en 2008). Comment faire voyager le spectateur sous terre avec des sons et des images animées ? Quels effets spéciaux employer pour crédibiliser ce centre de la Terre et le fantasme qu’il provoque, mi-réaliste, mi-imaginaire ? Que reste-t-il de l’univers vernien originel, de sa vulgarisation scientifique et de ses codes narratifs ? Quelle vision du sous-terrain et de ses habitants observe-t-on au cinéma dans ces deux adaptations hollywoodiennes ?
Aimer sous la terre
Authors: Cingolani Patrick
Published: November 2019

Parmi les œuvres fondatrices de la science sociale en France, celle de Gabriel Tarde occupe une place singulière. L’article commente et interroge Fragment d’histoire future , un texte d’anticipation publié pour la première fois en 1896, dans lequel Tarde semble avoir mis sérieux autant que fantaisie pour rendre compte de sa conception du social à l’état pur. Abordant trois thèmes majeurs de Fragment d’histoire future , l’urbain, la production et l’amour, l’article dessine la spécificité de l’orientation tardienne parmi quelques œuvres caractéristiques des pensées sociales du xix e  siècle.
L’esprit du mineur de fond
Authors: Bartz Bertrand , Thiba Marion
Published: November 2019

À propos du documentaire sonore La Parole ouvrière , diffusé sur France Culture le 31 août 1991. « Vous vous souvenez de vos impressions lorsque vous êtes descendu la première fois dans la mine, à dix-huit ans ? » : telle est la question que pose Marion Thiba, productrice de l’émission La Parole ouvrière pour la radio France Culture, à Bertrand Bartz, mineur de fond dans les houillères lorraines. Celui-ci lui répond en dépliant, avec ses mots, cette expérience singulière qu’est la descente là où le soleil ne pénètre jamais, là où s’invente une manière de travailler, entre risques et solidarités ; un récit pudique et imagé. Cet article est la transcription de son témoignage d’alors, en 1990, tandis que dans sa suite Marion Thiba revient, en 2019, sur l’expérience sensible qui fut la sienne dans la conduite de ce documentaire sonore : « J’ai éprouvé le plus grand respect pour ces hommes qui descendaient au fond. […] C’étaient des hommes responsables, qui m’ont donné une leçon de vie. »
Fonder les villes : comment les terrassiers comprennent le sol
Authors: Meulemans Germain
Published: November 2019

Cet article questionne la vision « épigée » de la construction de la ville à partir d’une enquête ethnographique auprès de bâtisseurs de fondations. Il relie la conception courante du sol urbain en tant que page blanche à la surface de laquelle les projets humains se matérialisent à une séparation conceptuelle plus large entre le monde physique du sol et le monde aérien des idées. Il illustre en quoi les ingénieurs parviennent à équilibrer les flux souterrains du sol avec les bâtiments qui s’y ancrent, et apprennent à « vivre avec le sol ».
Dans les entrailles de New York
Authors: Lasbats Chantal
Published: November 2019

Quitter la société de ses semblables pour se réfugier dans les profondeurs de la terre, c’est ce que font certains hommes et femmes qui investissent les souterrains de quelques grandes métropoles, de Paris à New York. C’est dans les dessous de Manhattan que la cinéaste Chantal Lasbats décide de transporter sa caméra, à la rencontre de ceux qui vivent dans l’ombre. Elle livre ici le journal de bord du tournage de son film, et convie le lecteur à une descente vers les tréfonds, de la ville et des âmes, en hommage à ceux qui inventent là un domicile, un abri.
« Au revoir là-haut »
Authors: Meur Marie-Caroline
Published: November 2019

Les enterrés-vivants concentrent plusieurs terreurs universelles. Invisibles, ensevelis dans leur cercueil, ils nous fascinent et nous sidèrent. Transfigurés par la littérature et le cinéma, ils se font voir, entendre, notamment sur un mode étonnamment humoristique. Ils sortent parfois de leur tombe, perturbant tout un univers pratique (médecine, hygiène, thanatologie) et symbolique (travail du deuil, rituels religieux, conceptions métaphysiques). Mais le paradigme de l’enterrement-vivant est renouvelé par les nouveaux types de représentation que propose la science-fiction.
Sheol
Authors: Leibovici Franck
Published: November 2019

sheol désigne, en hébreu biblique, le puits profond de la terre, lieu de séjour des morts, bons ou mauvais. «  sheol  » (2009) a été composé à partir de dépêches d’agence de presse décrivant les techniques et usages des tunnels et des murs, dans des conflits des années 2000. Ce poème a été publié, une première fois, dans la revue nioques , 7/8, 2010.
Creuser la terre, creuser la langue
Authors: Simon Anne
Published: November 2019

Vers, cafards, larves, fourmis, rongeurs et autres vermines, ces vivants apparemment soumis aux lois féroces d’une biologie purement instinctive ont fasciné nombre d’écrivains. Pour accéder à cette altérité d’autant plus effrayante et radicale qu’elle voisine notre intimité, il faut à la fois creuser la terre et creuser la langue. Accorder au peuple souterrain une place dans la sphère transcendante du langage est en soi un acte éthique : de nombreux écrivains ont vu dans les habitats et l’énergie prodigue des créatures souterraines les modèles d’un art fondé sur l’intensité de la vie.
La terre et les rêveries de la volonté, à Fukushima
Authors: Moreau Yoann
Published: November 2019

Après quelques jours, l’ethnographe finit lui aussi par se promener en territoire contaminé, comme ailleurs : en s’abandonnant à la beauté des paysages. Pour prendre en considération cette tendance générale à ne pas penser, agir et se comporter avec l’invisible, les autorités du nucléaire françaises avaient mis en place des règles strictes, établi des programmes intensifs d’informations et d’éducation pour les travailleurs de l’atome. Les habitants des zones affectées par l’accident nucléaire de Fukushima Daiichi n’ont pas reçu une telle formation. Face à l’omniprésence de la menace radioactive, ils tendent à développer un imaginaire du sous-terrestre, à l’échelle de l’atome. Dans ce processus, la mesure et les savoirs scientifiques jouent un rôle prépondérant, mais l’échelle de la perception sensible n’est pas jetée aux orties pour autant.
Mères en exil et enjeux d’une parentalité à distance : être mère ici et là-bas
Authors: Boyet Roselyne
Published: November 2019

Les mères exilées ont, pour certaines d’entre elles, dû laisser un ou plusieurs enfants au pays dans des conditions incertaines, voire obscures. Cet article propose d’explorer les mouvements psychiques de la situation clinique d’Amélia, mère angolaise de quatre enfants, dont deux sont restés là-bas. C’est au sein de la rencontre clinique avec cette femme à l’appareil psychique englué dans les traumatismes que certains enjeux de la « parentalité à distance » émergent. Sentiment de culpabilité, angoisses de mort impensables et clinique de l’enfant absent au travers de celui présent seront abordés tout au long de la situation d’Amélia. La place du thérapeute, son observation et son accueil des traumatismes montreront comment, jusque dans le travail contretransférentiel, l’absence potentiellement traumatique de l’enfant « effracte » une parentalité qui tente d’y survivre.
Grossesses adolescentes, portage éducatif et travail de réseau
Authors: Blanquet Brigitte
Published: November 2019

Cet article interroge le sens du passage par la grossesse à l’adolescence dans le cadre d’un accompagnement éducatif de type aemo intensive. À l’aide de la situation clinique d’une jeune fille à tendance antisociale sera mis au travail l’enjeu d’un dispositif en double portage afin de soutenir l’analyse du vécu contretransférentiel des éducateurs. Une discussion s’engagera autour de l’importance de mobiliser le réseau, de constituer un appareil psychique de suppléance, une fonction pare-excitante et pare-désinvestissante à même de contenir et soutenir l’évolution du sujet.
Travail social et « parentalité ». Retour sur le vécu et le ressenti de quelques femmes d’un quartier populaire
Authors: Plasse-Bouteyre Christine
Published: November 2019

Dans cet article, l’auteur se propose de questionner, dans le cadre des sciences sociales, la notion de « parentalité ». La diffusion massive à la fois de discours et de pratiques visant l’accompagnement de la « fonction parentale » mérite d’être interrogée. Cette réflexion repose sur un travail de pré-enquête auprès de cinq femmes résidant dans un quartier populaire amenées à côtoyer trois professionnelles de l’accompagnement social. Pré-enquête qui a consisté à rencontrer ces femmes dans le cadre d’entretiens non enregistrés et à les entendre sur leur expérience, leur vécu et leur perception de cette rencontre. Il est montré que ce « gouvernement de soi » par la parole tend à indisposer ces personnes qui ont souvent du mal avec cette politique de l’exposition de soi. Loin d’être un défaut de compétences « techniques » à faire face à ces interactions normées, il s’agirait bien pour ces mères aux « faibles ressources politiques » d’engager des formes de résistance.
Pour introduire une fonction parentalité . Présentification, discrétisation et marge
Authors: Guillén Julio , Reniers Dominique
Published: November 2019

Dans cet article, les auteurs proposent d’étudier la possible définition d’une « fonction de parentalité » du point de vue de la nécessité logique. La notion de parentalité est, avant tout, liée à la conception de la famille dans une perspective structurelle et dynamique. Aujourd’hui, les changements au niveau social et les avancées scientifiques ont donné lieu à une diffraction de la configuration familiale classique qui présente des multiples formes nouvelles. Or, les fonctions Mère et Père possèdent, dans la théorie psychanalytique, un statut particulier, au-delà des figures capables de les incarner. Par une argumentation basée sur les concepts psychanalytiques, l’article introduit une caractéristique fondamentale de la parentalité, la « coupure » en termes de discrétisation et de marge.
Fiction et fonction du regard dans le discours anti-théâtral
Authors: Léoni Sylviane
Published: November 2019

Unissant regardants et regardés, la fonction du regard engage à la fois l'opération sensorielle de la vue et la conception scientifique de celle-ci. Or, au XVII e  siècle, à la suite des découvertes de Kepler et Descartes, l'ancien ordre du regard et la porosité qu'il induisait entre l'être et le monde sont relégués au rang de superstitions par le nouveau savoir optique. C'est à la lumière de ce tournant scientifique qu'est analysé le discours anti-théâtral en France de la fin du XVII e  siècle
Avatars et métamorphoses d’une nouvelle querelle coloriste. Le paradigme pictural dans les discours et débats sur l’opéra
Authors: Lafouge Marion
Published: November 2019

L’article analyse à partir de trois études de cas la présence et le fonctionnement du paradigme pictural dans les débats sur la musique et l’opéra en France aux XVII e  et XVIII e  siècles. D’une querelle à l’autre, on constate en effet, dans les discours de haine envers ce nouveau genre, une reprise et une redistribution stratégique des arguments typiques de la rhétorique des adversaires de la couleur. La réversibilité des discours, d’un champ à l’autre, masque évidemment leur dimension idéologique.
La tolérance comme masque de la haine du théâtre (Italie, XVII e siècle)
Authors: Filippi Bruna
Published: November 2019

Au début du XVII e  siècle, le succès des comédiens dell’arte leur vaut des accusations d’immoralité. Pour les contrer, ils publient des traités sur leur art. Dans son Della christiana moderazione del theatro , le jésuite Ottonelli propose une compréhension tolérante de ce théâtre, fondée sur la règle ad evitandum majus malum . Cette tolérance masque une forte hostilité aux dispositifs perceptifs et aux usages pervers du langage théâtral, tout en suggérant aux chrétiens des formes de restriction mentale pour atteindre le salut.
Déficience intellectuelle, « comportements défis » et soins : une revue systématique de littérature
Authors: Weber Natalia , Duville Clément , Loizeau Valérie , Morvillers Jean-Manuel
Published: November 2019

Introduction et contexte : les personnes en situation de déficience intellectuelle présentent des comportements difficiles, appelés également comportements problèmes ou comportements défis. Objectif : l’objectif de cette étude a été de réaliser un état des connaissances en sciences infirmières sur les comportements défis chez les personnes déficientes intellectuelles. Méthode : il s’agit d’une revue systématique de littérature à partir des mots clés comportements défis, déficience intellectuelle, infirmi*, comportement problème traduits en anglais sur les sites PubMed et Web of science sur la période 2008-2018. Résultats : les comportements défis chez les personnes déficientes intellectuelles sont très fréquents et peuvent donner lieu à des abus de prescriptions de psychotropes. Ils sont également éprouvants pour les personnels. Des solutions en termes de formation des personnels existent ainsi que l’aide au repérage de diagnostics associés qui peuvent parfois être responsables de comportements défis. Aucune publication en français n’a été retrouvée. Conclusion : l’implication dans la recherche, des infirmières qui exercent auprès des personnes déficientes intellectuelles devrait être favorisée afin qu’elles puissent participer à l’élaboration des connaissances sur les comportements défis, améliorer la qualité de leur prise en soin et développer davantage leur collaboration au sein de l’équipe pluridisciplinaire dans le but de favoriser les bonnes pratiques en matière de gestion des comportements défis et notamment celles favorisant une démarche de dé-prescription des psychotropes.
Oxidative Stress Enhances Dendritic Cell Responses to Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Götz Anton , Ty Maureen C , Rodriguez Ana
Published: November 2019

Malaria is a highly inflammatory disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium. During the blood stage of infection, patients exhibit fever with high levels of inflammatory cytokines in their blood. However, when cells of the immune system are incubated with the parasite in vitro, their cytokine response is low. In particular, human primary dendritic cells (DCs) respond to Plasmodium falciparum–infected erythrocytes by upregulating maturation markers and chemokines but lack a substantial cytokine response. Because oxidative stress is a trigger of inflammatory cytokines in malaria and synergizes with P. falciparum to induce IL-1β secretion by macrophages, we assessed whether oxidative stress has an impact on DC maturation and function in response to P. falciparum. Using xanthine oxidase, a reactive oxygen species– (ROS) producing enzyme that is increased during malaria, we observed that exposure to extracellular ROS potentiated DC maturation in response to the parasite. Xanthine oxidase–derived ROS increased parasite-induced cytokine secretion and CD80 surface expression in DCs. This enhanced maturation phenotype boosted the DCs’ ability to prime autologous naive CD4+ T cells, resulting in higher T cell proliferation in vitro. Xanthine oxidase–derived ROS did not have an effect on the cytokines produced by primed T cells. We propose that oxidative stress during malaria contributes to the inflammatory response by enhancing the magnitude of DC and CD4+ T cell responses without changing the quality.
Computational analysis based on audioprofiles: A new possibility for patient stratification in office-based otology
Authors: Weininger Oren , Warnecke Athanasia , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Lenarz Thomas , Stolle Stefan
Published: November 2019

Genetic contribution to progressive hearing loss in adults is underestimated. Established machine learning-based software could offer a rapid supportive tool to stratify patients with progressive hearing loss. A retrospective longitudinal analysis of 141 adult patients presenting with hearing loss was performed. Hearing threshold was measured at least twice 18 months or more apart. Based on the baseline audiogram, hearing thresholds and age were uploaded to AudioGene v4® (Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at The University of Iowa City, IA, USA) to predict the underlying genetic cause of hearing loss and the likely progression of hearing loss. The progression of hearing loss was validated by comparison with the most recent audiogram data of the patients. The most frequently predicted loci were DFNA2B, DFNA9 and DFNA2A. The frequency of loci/genes predicted by AudioGene remains consistent when using the initial or the final audiogram of the patients. In conclusion, machine learning-based software analysis of clinical data might be a useful tool to identify patients at risk for having autosomal dominant hearing loss. With this approach, patients with suspected progressive hearing loss could be subjected to close audiological followup, genetic testing and improved patient counselling.
Numerical Simulation of Debris Flows of the Catastrophic Event of February 2019 in Mirave – Peru
Authors: Savio Alexandre Almeida Del , Astocahuana Samuel Ismael Quisca , Navarro Leonardo Franco Castillo
Published: November 2019

Debris flows are geophysical phenomena, caused by torrential rain, which occur in mountainous areas, characterized by the detachment of slope and riverbed materials and their consequent dislodge through watersheds and streams. Debris flows usually carry sludge, water and rocks, and can destroy everything in their path. On February 8th, 2019, an event of this type occurred and destroyed Mirave’s community in Peru, which was located in the areas of transport and deposition of debris flows. This research presents the modeling and numerical simulation to reproduce the transport and deposition processes of the debris flow that occurred in Mirave. The initiation process of the debris flow in streams was represented by hydrographs obtained from the estimated rain runoff volumes and solid materials found at each evaluated micro watershed. The numerical simulation results show acceptable results in terms of reproduction of the extension of the affectation and deposition areas of solids related to the studied debris flow. The resulting velocity field shows an adequate representation of the erosion zones observed in the area. The model used for evaluating the disaster risk by debris flows can predict and delimit, with acceptable accuracy, the potentially dangerous areas for a mudslide event. The application of the proposed methodology for assessing the disaster risk due to debris flows at watersheds and streams is useful to understand the extent of debris flow affectation during extreme weather events, as well as to develop emergency plans, and to formulate disaster management policies in Peru or in other countries with similar conditions.
A note on growth of Sobolev norms near quasiperiodic finite-gap tori for the 2D cubic NLS equation
Authors: Guardia Marcel , Hani Zaher , Haus Emanuele , Maspero Alberto , Procesi Michela
Published: November 2019

We present the recent result in [29] concerning strong nonlinear instability and growth of Sobolev norms near quasiperiodic finite-gap solutions of the defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) on the two-dimensional torus. The equation admits a special family of elliptic invariant quasiperiodic tori called finite-gap solutions. These are inherited from the integrable 1D model (cubic NLS on the circle) by considering solutions that depend only on one variable. We construct solutions of the 2D cubic NLS that start arbitrarily close to such invariant tori in the

H^s

topology (0 < s < 1) and whose

H^s

norm can grow by any given factor.
WeShareScience 101: A Website for Creating Video Abstracts
Authors: Nezami Nav Sara
Published: November 2019

Video abstracts are becoming a major platform for disseminating recent research and websites such as We Share Science (http://wesharescience.com) provide researchers with opportunities to create them. In this review, a detailed description of the website is put forward along with its teaching and learning potentials for research writing courses in L2 settings. As the researchers who publish their videos on this website come from different language and disciplinary backgrounds, it is of interest to see how it can potentially benefit L2 learners. The review reveals the benefits along with the drawbacks that teachers will need to address if interested in implementing the website in their course for L2 students. 
Diferenças fatais: suicídio, raça e trabalho forçado nas Américas
Authors: Hertzman Marc Adam
Published: November 2019

Neste ensaio, examino a relação entre raça e suicídio nas Américas. Mostro como as ideias sobre suicídio ajudaram a gerar e reforçar várias formas de diferença racial e demonstro como as ideias coloniais sobreviveram por muito tempo após a independência e a abolição da escravidão, geralmente em novas formas. A historiografia existente sobre suicídio enfatiza respostas morais, religiosas e médicolegais à autodestruição. Menos atenção foi dada à raça ou ao fato brutal, amplamente reconhecido (embora raramente discutido em profundidade) pelos estudiosos da escravidão, que a servidão forçada também transformou o suicídio em uma questão essencialmente econômica – uma ameaça aos resultados dos plantadores e comerciantes e uma ameaça à produção. À medida que a escravidão e o trabalho forçado se tornavam sistemas de valores globais dominantes que determinavam quem contava como humano, a capacidade de perecer pelas próprias mãos se tornou um meio de vencer essa determinação. Em algum momento, histórias excepcionais de suicídio heroico de mártires nativos ou negros passaram a fazer parte de narrativas nacionais, mas esse processo dependia da dissociação entre autodestruição e produção econômica, o que ajudou a transformar atos, antes vistos como ameaça às fundações coloniais, em histórias de sacrifício e nascimento nacional. Com o tempo, e apesar das mudanças significativas, a autodestruição funcionou consistentemente como um marcador duradouro da diferenciação racial.
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Western Hemisphere Department
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: November 2019

The global economy has slowed, with important consequences for growth prospects in Latin America and the Caribbean. The slowdown in economic activity has been broad-based among advanced economies and more pronounced in emerging markets and developing economies, partly reflecting trade and geopolitical tensions. Global growth is projected to decline to the lowest level since the global financial crises, before recovering in 2020. More importantly, growth is projected to decline in 2019–20 in the United States and China, which are LAC’s two main trading partners. The ongoing sluggishness of global growth and trade is affecting export growth in LAC, posing significant headwinds to the outlook. External demand for the region remains subdued, with trading partner growth (including China, Europe, other LAC countries, and the United States) projected to decline in 2019, before recovering modestly over the medium term. Moreover, commodity prices (notably energy and metals), key drivers of growth in LAC in the past, are projected to decline with a likely modest negative impact on regional growth going forward.
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Asia Pacific
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: November 2019

Growth in Asia is expected to moderate to
5.0 percent in 2019 and 5.1 percent in 2020
(0.4 and 0.3 percentage point lower than
projected last April, respectively). A marked
deceleration in merchandise trade and investment,
driven by distortionary trade measures and an
uncertain policy environment, is weighing on
activity, particularly in the manufacturing sector.
A Requiem for the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level
Authors: Farmer Roger , Zabczyk Pawel
Published: November 2019

The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level (FTPL) is the claim that, in a popular class of theoretical models, the price level is sometimes determined by fiscal policy rather than monetary policy. The models where this claim has been established assume that all decisions are made by an infinitely-lived representative agent. We present an alternative, arguably more realistic model, populated by sixty-two generations of people. We calibrate our model to an income profile from U.S. data and we show that the FTPL breaks down. In our model, the price level and the real interest rate are indeterminate, even when monetary and fiscal policy are both active. Our findings challenge established views about what constitutes a good combination of fiscal and monetary policies.
An Assessment of Global Formula Apportionment
Authors: Mooij Ruud A. , Liu Li , Prihardini Dinar
Published: November 2019

Formula apportionment as a way to attribute taxable profits of multinationals across jurisdictions is receiving increased attention. This paper reviews existing literature and discusses experiences in selective federal states to evaluate the economic properties of formula apportionment relative to the current international tax regime that is based on separate accounting. It highlights major advantages, such as the elimination of profit shifting within multinational groups; and it discusses new distortions and the impact on tax competition. The analysis exploits different datasets to assess the direct revenue implications for individual countries under alternative formulas. The distributional effects across countries are found to be large, reflecting major discrepancies between where profits are currently attributed and where factors of production are located or sales take place. The largest losses appear in investment hubs (i.e. countries with a disproportionate ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP), while several large advanced countries are likely to gain. Developing countries gain most likely if employment receives a large weight in the formula; they also tend to benefit, on average, from a formula based on sales by destination.
Lebanon
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: November 2019

Lebanon’s economic position continues to be very difficult, with very low growth, high public debt and large twin deficits. While financial stability has been maintained, deposit inflows, critical to finance the budget and external deficits, slowed down during the past year, reducing the authorities’ room for maneuver. The new government has taken some important policy steps to start the needed policy adjustment, which could help raise confidence among investors and donors. The parliament has approved a plan to reform the electricity sector and reduce its fiscal cost as well as a budget that aims to reduce the overall fiscal deficit in 2019. However, substantial new measures are still needed to reduce the exceptionally large domestic and external imbalances and mitigate Lebanon’s vulnerabilities.
Lebanon
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: November 2019

Selected Issues
Thailand
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: November 2019

The Thai banking system shows a substantial resilience to severe shocks. The solvency stress tests indicate that the largest banks can withstand an adverse scenario broadly as severe as the Asian financial crisis. While three banks would deplete their capital conservation buffer (CCB) under the adverse scenario, recapitalization needs would be minimal. A battery of complementary sensitivity stress tests, which allows to cover in more detail certain risk factors, also confirmed the overall picture of a resilient baking system: no particular vulnerability emerged from the analysis of the bond portfolio to an increase in government and corporate spreads, exposure to foreign exchange risk, and concentration risk in the loan portfolio, with the possible exception of one entity with a particular concentration on single-name exposures. From a systemic risk perspective, certain risk concentrations can act as shock amplifiers in case of stress, and hence highlight the importance of improving and expanding the range of analytical tools to detect them. The BoT’s solvency stress test exercise, conducted independently based on the same macro scenarios, showed very similar results despite some fundamental differences of approach, providing a mutual check on the overall robustness of the results.
Developing and optimizing shrub parameters representing sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in the northern Great Basin using the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) model
Authors: Pandit Karun , Dashti Hamid , Glenn Nancy F. , Flores Alejandro N. , Maguire Kaitlin C. , Shinneman Douglas J. , Flerchinger Gerald N. , Fellows Aaron W.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Ecosystem dynamic models are useful for understanding ecosystem
characteristics over time and space because of their efficiency over direct
field measurements and applicability to broad spatial extents. Their
application, however, is challenging due to internal model uncertainties and
complexities arising from distinct qualities of the ecosystems being
analyzed. The sagebrush-steppe ecosystem in western North America, for example, has
substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as variability due to
anthropogenic disturbance, invasive species, climate change, and altered
fire regimes, which collectively make modeling dynamic ecosystem processes
difficult. Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) is a robust ecosystem dynamic
model, initially developed for tropical forests, that simulates energy,
water, and carbon fluxes at fine scales. Although EDv2.2 has since been
tested on different ecosystems via development of different plant functional
types (PFT), it still lacks a shrub PFT. In this study, we developed and
parameterized a shrub PFT representative of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in
order to initialize and test it within EDv2.2, and to promote future
broad-scale analysis of restoration activities, climate change, and fire
regimes in the sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Specifically, we parameterized the
sagebrush PFT within EDv2.2 to estimate gross primary production (GPP)
using data from two sagebrush study sites in the northern Great Basin. To
accomplish this, we employed a three-tier approach. (1) To initially
parameterize the sagebrush PFT, we fitted allometric relationships for
sagebrush using field-collected data, information from existing sagebrush
literature, and parameters from other land models. (2) To determine
influential parameters in GPP prediction, we used a sensitivity analysis to
identify the five most sensitive parameters. (3) To improve model performance and validate results, we optimized these five parameters using an exhaustive search method to estimate GPP, and compared results with observations from
two eddy covariance (EC) sites in the study area. Our modeled results were
encouraging, with reasonable fidelity to observed values, although some
negative biases (i.e., seasonal underestimates of GPP) were apparent. Our
finding on preliminary parameterization of the sagebrush shrub PFT is an
important step towards subsequent studies on shrubland ecosystems using
EDv2.2 or any other process-based ecosystem model.