bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projecting Prescribing Issues and Patient Patterns on the Way to Therapeutic Appropriateness at the Community Level Through Elderly Hypertensives
Authors: Sodani Adwait , Murari Tomalwar , Sashindran V K , Menon Anil S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Despite treatment, up to 50% of older hypertensives have poorly controlled blood pressure in the community. Possibly, the management advice does not reach the intended. Who stands responsible; the prescriber, the system (social dynamics) or the patients themselves? The study aims to showcase various prescribing practices and patient behaviours that influence therapeutic delivery and thus patient care. Appropriate redressals to such practices and behaviours as and when required during health planning/practice could result in the percolation of the best possible care unto all socioeconomic strata within a community.

Materials and Methods:

Older patients on antihypertensives (n = 143) were interviewed by visits to various urban slums of a district in Western Maharashtra, India, between December 2018 and October 2020 for this cross-sectional, descriptive study. Demographic and clinical data were recorded on a predesigned pro forma with reasons for the patient’s behavior concerning disease/treatment. Finally, available prescriptions and the latest blood/urine evaluations were recorded. Prescribing practices were recorded with available tools and data was analysed.

Results:

The mean age of the study population was 68 ± 7.39 years. Optimal control of the blood pressure was not achieved in 72.03% of patients (P < 0.0001%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.94–53.54%), whereas adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurred in 35.66% of patients. Physician’s prescription was available in 101 patients for prescription quality assessment; however, 12 patients had never been prescribed and 30 lost their prescriptions. Even patients under regular follow-up with a physician failed to achieve the blood pressure targets or prevent an ADR. Finally, the patients’ behavior was studied, wherein 41.22% became lost to follow-up and 64.13% of patients had old prescriptions. Forty-two patients could explain such behaviors.

Conclusions:

Both physicians and patients were responsible for poor blood pressure control. The means of assisting a physician on physician-patient communication would reduce physician workload (thus increasing efficiency) and reduce confusion/misconception (about drug/disease etc) that patient upholds (thus addressing counterproductive patient behaviours).
Protective Evaluation of Feed Fortified with Alstonia Boonei and Mitracarpus Scaber in African Catfish Exposed to Aeromonas Hydrophila: Clinicopathology and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ajadi Abdullateef , Jarikre Theophilus Aghogho , Jibril Afusat Jagun , Emikpe Benjamin
Published: January 2023

The present study was carried out to determine the protective effects of two dietary plants and the associated pathology in African catfish exposed to A. hydrophila. Four hundred and twenty fish with average weight of 20.53±0.15 g were distributed equally (in triplicates) into seven experimental groups (six treatment groups and a control group) with 20 juvenile African catfish in each aquarium. Fish were fed for 84 days with control and six other experimental diets containing different percentages of Alstonia boonei (0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%) and Mitracarpus scaber (0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%) of the basal diets. At the end of 12th week, the fish were challenged with A. hydrophila and clinical signs and mortality rate were observed for fourteen days, post challenge. Blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis. All the groups fed with plant supplemented feed had 100% survival rate except A. boonei (0.5%) with 85% and control had 70% survival rate. The dietary plants also improved the haematological parameters and reduced the histopathological lesions associated with A. hydrophila exposure, compared to the control. These findings have demonstrated the protective potentials of A. boonei and M. scaber inculcated in feed against A. hydrophila infection in African catfish.
Effects of Telfairia occidentalis and Ipomoea batatas on Biochemical and Antioxidant Assay of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Tomori Bolaji , Adeyemo Olanike , Ola-Davies Olufunke , Alarape Selim
Published: January 2023

This toxicological study was carried out to determine possible adverse effects of Telfairia occidentalis and Ipomoea batatas leaves in Clarias gariepinus. Ninety-six Clarias gariepinus growers (431.25±6.13 g) randomly distributed into four feeding groups were fed with herbal leaf diet containing 20 g/kg of T. occidentalis (group A), 100 g/kg of I. batatas (group B), mixture of 10 g/kg of T. occidentalis and 50 g/kg I. batatas (group C) and basal diet (group D) which served as the control group. After a 40-day feeding period, blood samples were collected for serum biochemical assay and organs were harvested for antioxidant and tissue biochemical assay. A significant decrease in creatinine was observed in the fish in group C when compared with those in group D. Also, there was no significant difference in the liver superoxide dismutase activity across all feeding groups but no significant increase in the intestinal superoxide dismutase activity of the fish in group C when compared to those in group A. There were no significant differences in the values of liver enzyme markers and lipid profile across all feeding groups. However, a significant increase in the level of intestinal malondialdehyde was observed in the fish in group B when compared with those in groups A and D. This study revealed that oral administration of a combination of T. occidentalis (10 g/kg) and I. batatas (50 g/kg) leaves enhanced antioxidant enzymes and is recommended for protection against oxidative stress in Clarias gariepinus.
Performance of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria sterna (Gould, 1851), Maintained in Hanging Culture at Three Depths, in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Jara Franklin , Freites Luis , Gregori Maria , Márquez Adrián , Rodríguez-Pesantes Daniel , Villon Jimmy , Troccoli Luis , Lodeiros César
Published: January 2023

This study evaluated the performance of P. sterna under suspended culture at three depths (2, 6, and 10 m). Juveniles (dorso-ventral length 42.6±0.94 mm) were placed in enclosures suspended on a long line in Palmar (Ecuador) from October 2018 to October 2019. The antero-posterior axis of the shells, the shell, softs tissues, and biofouling masses, and the survival rate, were determined during one year of culture. Chlorophyll-a, total particulate matter (TPM), particulate organic matter (POM), salinity and temperature were studied at each depth. At the end of the cultivation period, growth and survival rates did not show significant differences between water depths, with all oysters attaining dorso-ventral lengths of 102-106 mm. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed a direct and significant relationship between the variance of soft tissue dry mass growth and chlorophyll a concentration, salinity, particulate organic matter (POM) concentration, and temperature, during the culture period evaluated. Thus, the results obtained indicate that the suspended culture of the winged oyster P. sterna in Ecuador can be carried out effectively within the range of 2 and 10 m of depth, obtaining relatively high yields (growth-survival).
First Identification DNA Barcoding of Bronze Featherback Fish, Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteridae), in Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Khansa Amatul Firdausy , Farizky Hutama Satria , Santanumurti Muhammad Browijoyo , Jamal Mamdoh T , Iqbal Sani Lalu M , Madduppa Hawis , Wulansari Putri Desi
Published: January 2023

Bronze featherback fish Notopterus notopterus is a family of notopteridae native to river drainage in South and Southeast Asia, which are distributed in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia. This study aims to identify the molecular phylogenetic of Notopterus notopterus in Java, Indonesia based on the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. This specimen from the brantas river has 680 base pairs with 99.84% identity value for Notopterus notopterus. This is the first time molecular phylogenetic reported of bronze featherback fish in Brantas River, Indonesia.
Comparative Analysis of Bioactive Components of Enzymatically and Fermentatively Produced Fish Sauce from Sardine
Authors: Shivanne Gowda Siddegowda Gopalapura , Narayan Bhaskar , Gopal Shubha
Published: January 2023

Fish sauce, a flavored condiment produced by traditional fermentation of low-value fish. The time of fermentation and biochemical safety of sauce are the major concern in traditional fermentation. The enzymatic and fermentative methods were employed to produce Sardine (Sardinella longiceps) sauce under optimized conditions using response surface method. Salt (20%, w/w) and papain (3%, w/w) were used for enzymatic production; while, salt (25%, w/w), sugar (7.5%, w/w) and lactic culture (10%, w/v; Pediococcus pentosaceus FSBP4-40) were employed in fermentative production. Significant change in bioactive components such as pH, non-enzymatic browning, non-protein nitrogen, degree of hydrolysis, titratable acidity, total soluble nitrogen, and total volatile base nitrogen was observed in treated samples compared to the control. Total antioxidant activity (as ascorbic acid, μg/ml), percent DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion scavenging activities of fermented sauce were higher at 3976±90, 53.11±0.5, 99.6±0.3, 67.7±0.5 respectively; as compared to enzyme-treated samples which showed 952±70, 31.46±0.5, 76.5±1.0, 61.8±1.4 for the respective parameters, after 180 days storage. Reducing potential was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in treated sauces compared to the control and fatty acid profile showed different changes. The study emphasizes the role of accelerating fermentation, either enzymatically or fermentatively, to produce biochemically and biofunctional superior Sardine sauce.
Foreword
Authors: ALA editors
Published: January 2023

In these strange days of a limited physical and social contact due to the worldwide pandemic we are especially grateful for the existence of the parallel virtual world, which goes beyond human shortcomings. Our work continued without any obstructions and we are pleased to announce the summer ALA issue of the year 2020. In it we offer six research articles that extend over a broad linguistic area and include languages of the far East Asia, namely Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese.

The issue opens with the WU Jiayi’s article “Contextual Conditions and Constraints in Chinese Dangling Topics: Syntax-Discourse Interface Analysis”, in which the author revisits dangling topics in Mandarin Chinese from the semantic and syntactic view, and evolves their findings to the hypothesis concerning language typology.

The second article on Chinese is Tina ČOK’s “Lexical Aspect Classification for Unrelated Languages: A Case Study on Slovenian and Chinese Lexical Aspect”, in which the author analyzes Chinese and Slovenian verb aspect to show that deeper cognitive differences effect our perception of reality, and upon her findings proposes an upgraded general classification of verb types.

The following article entitled “The New Chinese Corpus of Literary Texts Litchi” by Mateja PETROVČIČ, Radovan GARABÍK, and Ľuboš GAJDOŠ presents a newly launched corpus of Chinese literary texts Litchi, and exemplifies the variety of its benefits.

Furthermore, Petra JAKLIN “The Many Meanings of the Japanese Causative:Widening the Pragmatic Take on the -(sa)seru Causative Sentence” is an article in which the author revisits the range of possible interpretations and meanings carried by Japanese causative sentences, and supports her conclusions with comparisons to English and Croatian structures.

HWANG Yoong Hee’s article “Normative Forms and Synthetic Structure of Japanese in the Incubation Period of L2: Subject to Sentence-final Forms in Longitudinal Discourse Data of Korean Returnee Sisters’ Japanese” focuses on L2 Japanese sentence-final forms and their change mechanism in case of Korean returnees.

Last but not least, “Examining the Part-of-speech Features in Assessing the Readability of Vietnamese Texts” is an article by An-Vinh LUONG, Diep NGUYEN, and Dien DINH that discusses the present state of research on text readability in Vietnamese and proposes an improved model on estimating readability of texts and consequently their classification.

 

Editors and Editorial board wish the regular and new readers of the ALA journal a pleasant read full of inspiration.

 

                                                                                        Editors
Transformacja e-doręczeń w postępowaniu administracyjnym – uwagi na tle ustawy z dnia 18 listopada 2020 r. o doręczeniach elektronicznych
Authors: Wilbrandt-Gotowicz Martyna
Published: January 2023

The subject of the study is ananalysis of changes to electronic deliveries in administrative proceedings made following the entry into force on 5 October 2021 of most of the provisions of the Act of November 18, 2020 on electronic deliveries, including amendments to the Code of Administrative Procedure. The assumptions of the new e-delivery system were presented, indicating the principles of electronic delivery as well as the basic concepts and institutions introduced by the legislator (electronic delivery address, delivery box, public and qualified electronic registered delivery service, public hybrid service, public and non-public entities). Then, the changes to the Code of Administrative Procedure were discussed, pointing in particular to the new approach to the principle of writing and the directive regarding the method of delivery service. The summary presents the evaluation of the introduced transformation of e-delivery in administrative proceedings.
Odpowiedzialność demokratyczna jako konstytucyjny standard demokracji w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Kornobis-Romanowska Dagmara
Published: January 2023

Democracy is the oldest value of the civilized world. Without it, there is no question of the rule of law, protection of human rights or non-discrimination. Democracy is realized through the law, and the violation of the rule of law always damages it and triggers an accountability mechanism aimed at assessing the actions of governing bodies directly in relation to the democratic standard (accountability). This standard is expressed and measured by the degree of trust which ruling authorities in a democratic society must inspire in subjects of the law. The stronger the trust is, the democratic standards are higher, and the legal protection becomes stronger. The constitutional democratic standard in the EU is thus a derivative of the standard of effective legal protection provided by independent courts. The independence of the judiciary is a key element of democratic accountability as it builds public confidence in the courts as authorities and trust strengthens democratic accountability. Being a member of the EU, it is impossible to avoid this accountability, and the standard of democracy for the EU Member State cannot remain purely national.
Tourist Perceptions of the Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on Botanical Gardens
Authors: Mosia M , Dube K , Labuschagne V
Published: January 2023

This study examines visitors' perception of the impact of climate variability and change on national botanical gardens in Gauteng, South Africa. The study used data from field observations and an online questionnaire that gathered views of 324 botanical garden visitors at Walter Sisulu and Pretoria Botanical Gardens. Data were analysed using QuestionPro Analysis tools. The study found that botanical garden visitors are apprehensive about climate variability and change impacts on picnicking, bird watching, flowering patterns, walking trails and waterfalls viewing experiences, among other activities. More than half of the respondents indicated that climatic patterns play a critical role in their decision to visit the botanical gardens. Most visitors (75%) perceived that weather events induced by climate variability and change threaten botanical gardens, with drought, flooding and extreme storms singled out as some of the most significant climatic threats to botanical gardens. The study recommends that botanical gardens management streamline climate change in their medium to long-term planning to ensure climate resilience and adaptation. This calls for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies to reduce the impacts of climate variability on the recreational experience in botanical gardens.
Concurrent Process Histories and Resource Transducers
Authors: Nester Chad
Published: January 2023

We identify the algebraic structure of the material histories generated by
concurrent processes. Specifically, we extend existing categorical theories of
resource convertibility to capture concurrent interaction. Our formalism admits
an intuitive graphical presentation via string diagrams for proarrow
equipments. We also consider certain induced categories of resource
transducers, which are of independent interest due to their unusual structure.
Analysis of court decisions in cases on provision of in vitro fertilization services in Ukraine and Europe
Authors: Kossak Volodymyr , Herts Alla , Stefanchuk Mykola , Senyk Svitlana , Zaitseva-Kalaur Inna
Published: January 2023

The main reason for the rapid development and promotion of reproductive technologies is the desire to have children of people who, for certain reasons, create such an opportunity. When writing the article, such methods were used as: historical, analysis, synthesis, systemic, functional, special-legal. It is argued that two types of reproductive technologies are of particular importance for medical law: in vitro fertilization and surrogacy. It is argued that such reproductive technologies as in vitro fertilization are an auxiliary introduction of donor material (sperm or egg) into all forms of a woman. It is also noted that not all researchers today support and consider optimal the formulations established in the main legislative acts of Ukraine on health care, regarding the right of every woman capable of fertilizing and implanting an embryo. The conclusions emphasize the importance of providing legislative guarantees for the possibility of introducing certain reproductive technologies for people who need such interventions for medical reasons. It is proposed to classify the principles of donation of reproductive cells such as sperm, oocytes and embryos. For this purpose, court rulings in cases involving the provision of in vitro fertilization services were also analyzed.
Influence of Gender, Age and Ethnic Diversity on the Autonomy of Faith-Based University Councils in Malawi
Authors: Matekenya Dennis
Published: January 2023

This study sought to establish the influence of gender, age and ethnic diversity on the autonomy of faith-based university councils in Malawi using a Correlational Research Design with a sample of 200 respondents from whom 175 turned up. Data was collected through a validated questionnaire to which respondents had to indicate their agreement or disagreement with particular statements. Data analysis was done by using the IBM’s SPSS software. The study affirmed the existing literature that age mix should be considered when constituting a governing body of a higher education institution for its proper functioning. The study further confirmed the role of gender in the appointment of the governing body of a college or a university as it has been found that gender mix brings different perspectives that enrich the deliberations in a University Council. Ethnic diversity is an important factor to be considered when constituting a University Council as the diversity provides unique opportunities for resource mobilization, enlisting international flavor and mitigating negative perceptions that comes from having members from one ethnic grouping. It is therefore recommended that those constituting University Councils should consider demographic diversity as part of the criteria of coming up with University Council members. Particularly, considerations about gender diversity, age diversity and ethnic diversity are vital in ensuring that the governing councils are effective in their functions.
Perfil socioeconômico dos comerciantes e consumidores de frutas de Xique-Xique - BA
Authors: Fernandes Aquino César , Almeida dos Santos Linnyk Almeida dos Santos , Nogueira de Moura Guerra Antonia Mirian , Alves Barbosa Edimilson , Alves Oliveira João Alison , Gomes Neves José Maria
Published: January 2023

Objetivou-se estudar o hábito de consumidores e comerciantes de frutas de Xique-Xique - BA. Foram entrevistados 120 consumidores e 50 comerciantes. Verificou-se que as mulheres formam a maioria dos consumidores, representando 70,83% do total de entrevistados, tendo a maior parte desse público, 33,33%, entre 36 e 50 anos. Sobre o nível de escolaridade, 48,33%, possuem o ensino médio. Dentre as ocupações profissionais, os aposentados se destacaram com 15,38%. 82,50% dos consumidores tem o hábito de compras semanalmente, e 36,67% afirmam que gastam de 31 a 50 reais por compra. Para 74,17% desse público, as frutas atende as suas necessidades de modo geral nos aspectos de preço, qualidade e variedade. A feira livre é o principal ponto de aquisição das frutas, representando 69,72%, tendo como os principais atributos o preço (46,67%), a qualidade (23,33%) e a variedade (16,00%). A fruta mais consumida é a banana com 19,06%. As mercadorias são transportadas em caminhão aberto (78,57%) e embaladas em caixas plásticas (47,92%). 92,00% dos comerciantes têm perdas pós-colheita nas frutas e, em sua maioria, fazem o uso de promoções (41,78%) ou realizam doação e alimentação animal (31,63%). O conhecimento sobre a manipulação e a organização dos alimentos promove a redução da depreciação das frutas.
Morfologia externa e qualidade de sementes crioulas de feijão-guandu oriundas do Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG
Authors: Porto Oliveira Aila , Alison  Alves Oliveira João , Gomes Neves José Maria , Ribeiro Amaro Hugo Tiago , Fernandes Aquino César , Da Silva Laurindo Sumaia
Published: January 2023

Por ser uma espécie adaptada ao clima semiárido, região onde se insere o Vale do Jequitinhonha, o Cajanus cajan L., popularmente conhecido como feijão-guandu, é de grande importância na agricultura por garantir soberania e segurança alimentar às famílias e gerar fonte de renda. Dessa forma, a caracterização de variedades crioulas de feijão-guandu e da qualidade das sementes é fundamental para se conhecer a variabilidade genética que existe nas casas de sementes em comunidades rurais. Objetivou-se caracterizar a biometria, coloração, qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de variedades crioulas de guandu cultivadas e conservadas por agricultores/agricultoras do Vale do Jequitinhonha. As sementes de seis variedades guandu foram cedidas por agricultores/agricultoras do Vale do Jequitinhonha. Foram avaliados o comprimento, largura e espessura, coeficiente J e H, coloração das sementes, teor de água, massa de mil sementes, condutividade elétrica, germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, massa seca de plântulas. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizados (DIC), com seis tratamentos, quatro repetições e 50 sementes por unidade amostral. A biometria e coloração das variedades de sementes de feijão guandu apresentaram variabilidade entre si. No parâmetro físico das variedades de sementes de feijão guandu apresentaram teor de umidade abaixo de 13%, exceto as variedades Catador, Varredor e Ingá. A variedade Ingá apresentou a maior massa de sementes. As sementes provenientes das variedades Catador e Varredor apresentaram a maior qualidade fisiológica, pelos testes de germinação e vigor em relação às demais variedades estudadas.
Perceptive FDI in Relation to Ease of Business: An empirical Analysis of Asian Countries
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Rizwan , Haroon Zainab Haroon , Saleem Aisha , Rehan Farooq
Published: January 2023

This study examines the FDI perceptive in relation to ease of doing business an empirical analysis of Asian countries. This study was applied the economic integration and foreign direct investment theory in formulating hypotheses that guide the results analysis. In this study the independent variable is Foreign Direct Investment which is measured by GDP which are measured by sub variables. The present study has been used the econometrics analysis, to find the empirical relationships and key regions for trying to attract FDI net inflows, use the liner regression method. For the years 2010 through 2019, this study includes examines 34 Asian economies, including Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and many others. The main takeaway from this is that a better-rated business environment is much more likely to draw larger inflows of FDI. All indexes have inverse connections, according to the regression estimation, with the exception of trading across borders, receiving credit, and registering properties. Furthermore, all factors—aside from paying taxes, dealing with insolvency, or shutting down operations in the region—are most likely to have an impact on FDI inflows.
The Effect of Region on Nut and Biochemical Traits of Mincane Hazelnut Cultivar
Authors: KARAKAYA Orhan
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the effect of region on the nut and biochemical traits in Mincane hazelnut cultivar. The study was carried out in the Trabzon (Black Sea Region) and Sakarya (Marmara Region) districts, in 2021 and 2022. The material of the study consisted of the nut of Mincane hazelnut cultivar grown in both regions. Depending on regions, nut weight ranged from 1.89 (Black Sea) to 2.14 g (Marmara), while kernel weight ranged from 0.96 (Black Sea) to 1.06 g (Marmara). The nuts obtained from the Black Sea region yielded the highest total phenolics (118.1 mg 100 g-1). Marmara region’s nuts had the highest total flavonoids (8.1 mg 100 g-1) and antioxidant activity (1027.8 and 738.1 µmol 100 g-1 according to DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively). The results demonstrated the significance of the growing region on the investigated nut and biochemical traits and the superiority of the Marmara region on many quality traits.
Determinants of the Fraud Triangle in Detecting Fraudlent Financial Reporting in Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Palembang, Afrida Anggrelia , Djuniar Lis ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Palembang, Ketriana Ketriana ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Palembang, Yuliachtri Saekarini ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Palembang
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the determinants of the fraud triangle, namely pressure, opportunity, and rationalization of fraudulent financial reporting in banks listed on the IDX. This research is an associative research. The sample of this research was 15 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which were taken using a purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used is quantitative analysis using a logistic regression analysis model. The data used is in the form of secondary data in the form of banking financial reports listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2018 – 2020. The results of the study show that pressure, opportunity, and rationalization together have a significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting.
Optimization Design of Reducting Co & HC Gas through Alloy Converter Catalyst Prototype Model
Authors:   Student of Environmental Science Doctoral Program, Postgraduate School, Universitas Brawijaya, Suheni Suheni , Sunoko Rudy ,   Lecture of Faculty of Engineering Universitas Brawijaya, Leksono Amin Setyo ,   Lectur of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Brawijaya, Wahyudi Slamet ,   Lecturer of Faculty of Engineering
Published: January 2023

Technological developments have an impact on increasing the number of motorized vehicles such as motorcycles, cars, and other modes of transportation. This causes air pollution impacts such as gas emissions from fossil fuels. Substances from hazardous exhaust gases consist of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NO or NOx), and hydrocarbons (HC). Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design a catalytic converter through a mixture of several metals obtained from various wastes in Small and Medium Enterprises. A mixture of copper, brass, aluminium and zinc to be created as a muffler or exhaust on the test vehicle, namely the 2005 Car. The observed exhaust emissions are CO & HC using a Gas Analyzer. Measurements were observed at vehicle rotation of 1000 rpm, 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm, 4000 rpm and 5000 rpm. The results showed that the highest proportion of reduced CO levels was the use of a catalyst at 2000 rpm engine speed, which was 5.23 with Pertamax fuel, while petrolite fuel using a catalyst with 2000 rpm engine speed was 5.5. The highest percentage reduction in HC levels was when using a catalyst with engine speed of 1000 rpm of 645% with Pertamax fuel, while for pertalite fuel using a catalyst with engine speed of 1000 rpm was 705.5%
Shareholders as Directors and Aspects of Fairness for Stakeholders
Authors:   Law Faculty University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, Gustav Gustav , Siahaan Oktavery Parasian , Saputra Rodhi Agung , Rivaldi M. Rivaldi , Novarisky Alvino
Published: January 2023

A company is an organization that is set to maximize profit with the smallest expenses, this purpose still embedded in the mindset of every entrepreneur. The Board of Directors, who are also majority and minority shareholders, are concurrent positions that often occur in the practice of a company, by regulation this is not regulated in existing positive laws in various countries. This article is expected to contribute to the development of regulations that specifically regulate the position of the Board of Directors and Shareholders. Because it affects fairness for other stakeholders, the author intends to discuss in this article to find a link between the Board of Directors who are also Shareholders in running the company and aspects of fairness for other stakeholders. The purpose of writing this article is to examine the position of the Board of Directors who is also as Shareholders in fairness theory, while the orientation of this analysis is in the form of theoretical and comparative approaches. The need for intervention from regulators, legislators to make adjustments to the provisions in order to ensure fairness for all stakeholders is realized and distributed.
Implementation of Integrated Quality Management in Elementary Schools
Authors:   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, Noorkhalis Muhammad , Aslamiah Aslamiah , Suriansyah Ahmad
Published: January 2023

This study aims to describe the implementation of integrated quality management in elementary schools. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The setting of this study is two public elementary schools in Balangan Regency. The key informants were principals and teachers defined by purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques were done through interviews, observation and documentation. The data validity was carried out by triangulating data by means of triangulation and peer breafing triangulation. The data analysis used interactive analysis of the Huberman model which consisted of data collection, data display, data reduction and verification/inference. The results of the study found that the implementation of integrated quality management in elementary schools is implemented through the principle of focus on customer satisfaction, respect for everyone, leadership and implementation of the principle of continuous improvement.
Indonesian 2013 Curriculum Management in Elementary Schools: (A Multi-Site Study at SDN Sungai Jingah 1 and SDN Sungai Jingah 6 Banjarmasin)
Authors:   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, Fitriani Mutia , Suriansyah Ahmad , Ngadimun Ngadimun
Published: January 2023

School principals and teachers must synergize so that the achievement of the quality of education runs effectively. The management of the Indonesian 2013 curriculum implemented by the school could not run well without the role of the principal and teachers. For this reason, the role of the principal is very important for teachers in giving material related to the norms in each field of study that are developed, explicit, and connected with the context of daily life. The objectives of this study are (1) planning an analysis (2) implementation (3) evaluation (4) constraints in its implementation. This research approach was a qualitative type of multi-site study. The data was collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of this study showed that: (1) planning; (2) implementation; (3) evaluation; (4) constraints in its implementation. Suggestions from this study are aimed at (1) for schools to improve the quality of education can continue to be developed in the 2013 curriculum (2) for students’ parents are expected to support their children in cooperation with schools (3) for students to be able to apply learning (4) for authors and researchers are expected to conduct further research on 2013 Curriculum Management Link.
The Correlation Between the Managerial Competence of School Principal, School Climate, and Teacher's Work Spirit with the Work Commitment at Private High School Teacher in Banjarmasin
Authors:   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, Perkasa Rizky Pratama Putra , Suriansyah Ahmad , Ngadimun Ngadimun
Published: January 2023

The success of education lies in the commitment of teachers to make it happen; therefore, teachers are required to increase work commitments further optimally so that success can be achieved. Several things can strengthen the teacher's work commitment, including the managerial competence of the principal, the school climate, and the teacher’s morale. This study aims to analyze the direct correlation between the principal's managerial competence and the teacher's work commitment, the school climate with the teacher's work commitment, the teacher's morale with the teacher's work commitment, the principal's managerial competence with the school climate, the managerial competence of the head of the school with the teacher's morale. It also analyzes the indirect correlation of the principal's managerial competence with the teacher's work commitment through the school climate and the indirect correlation of the principal's managerial competence with the teacher's work commitment through the teacher's morale. This research uses an influential method with a descriptive-quantitative approach with path analysis. The study sample was 148 teachers. Data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of the principal's managerial competence (67 items), school climate (15 items), teacher morale (23 items), and teacher work commitment (25 items) which has been tested for validity and reliability. This research instrument was tested for validity and reliability using a product-moment person correlation test. The research data were analyzed using path analysis to see the direct and indirect correlations between variables by conducting normality and linearity tests. The results showed that there was a positive and significant direct correlation between the principal's managerial competence and the teacher's work commitment, the school climate with the teacher's work commitment, the teacher's morale with the teacher's work commitment, the principal's managerial competence with the school climate, and the principal's managerial competence with the teacher's morale. Moreover, there is a positive and significant indirect correlation between the principal's managerial competence and the teacher's work commitment through the school climate and the indirect correlation between the principal's managerial competence and the teacher's work commitment through the teacher's morale.
The Correlation of School Principal Communication, Work Ethic, and Work Motivation to Teacher Performance
Authors:   Master in Educational Administration, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia, Janiah Siti , Suriansyah Ahmad , Effendi Rustam
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine and analyze the correlation between principal communication, work ethic, work motivation, and teacher performance. This research is correlational research with a quantitative approach formulated into a path analysis model. The study population was 153 with 111 studies. The data collection was carried out using instruments consisting of principal communication (18 items), work ethic (31 items), work motivation (28 items), and performance (26 items) that have been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis of this study used path analysis. The results of the study found that there was a direct correlation between the principal's communication to performance (0.658), there was a direct correlation between work ethic to performance (0.547), and there was a direct correlation between work motivation to performance (0.879). Moreover, there was a direct correlation between the communication of the principal towards motivation work (0.292), the direct correlation between work ethic to work motivation (0.484), an indirect correlation between the principal's communication to performance through motivation work (0.257), and the existence of an indirect correlation of work ethic to performance through motivation work (0.425).
Death Penalty for Perpetrators of Corruption Crimes Perspective of Criminal Law Reform
Authors: Umanailo M. Rizky , Setiyono Joko
Published: January 2023

Perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption in Indonesia have caused enormous destruction for the survival of the nation and state. Not only is it detrimental to state finances, but the crime of corruption has also robbed the community of social and economic rights at large. If you look back at the existing regulations in the current law, especially those that regulate the imposition of capital punishment on perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption, it is regulated in Article 2 paragraph (2) of Law no. 20 of 2001 but in applying the death penalty to corruptors it is difficult to enforce so that research is needed regarding this article, corruption is a crime that is very difficult to eradicate, because it is often carried out systematically and involves people in power. We too can feel how great and extraordinary the danger posed by this crime. The methodology used in this study is a normative juridical research method. The focus of this article is how is the policy of implementing the death penalty law against perpetrators of corruption and how is the death penalty in the perspective of criminal law reform. So it is natural that the crime of corruption is classified as an extraordinary crime that must be eradicated in an extraordinary way, one of which is by punishing the perpetrators of corruption in this country to death.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Dividend Policy in Indonesia : Advent of Firm Size as a Moderator
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Nurfitri Kisti , Abadi Riski , Udipta Rizky Prastya , Leon Farah Margaretha
Published: January 2023

This research aims to analyze the determinants of dividend policy. The independent variable in this study is corporate social responsibility which will be moderated by variable firm size. While the dependent variable is dividend policy, and the control variables are leverage, growth opportunity, and firm’s age. The sample of this study uses 35 companies listed on the LQ45 Index for the period of 2019-2021. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling and the analysis method uses panel data regression. The results explained that corporate social responsibility, the moderating variable firm size, and growth opportunity do not affect dividend policy. Firm’s age has a significant negative effect on dividend policy. Leverage has a significant positive effect on dividend policy. The implication of the research that has been done is to provide direction for financial managers to consider the benefit of increasing leverage to a strategic investment for a productive assets and business expansion which lead to generate more profit for company which means a positive impact on dividend paid to shareholder. As for investors, investors should pay attention with the maturity of the business and significant amount of CSR cost since these will affects negatively to the company's dividend policy.
Dermatitis granulomatosas reactivas: dermatitis granulomatosa intersticial y dermatitis granulomatosa neutrofílica en empalizada
Authors: Manfrin Julia , Minaudo Carla , Vigovich Félix , Casas José Gabriel , García Sandra , Saponaro Alberto , Noriega Gabriel
Published: January 2023

La dermatitis granulomatosa neutrofílica en empalizada y la dermatitis granulomatosa intersticial pertenecen al grupo de las dermatitis granumolatosas reactivas. Son cuadros infrecuentes que pueden tener hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos superpuestos, incluso en un mismo paciente. Actualmente, se plantea que se trata de un espectro que se inicia como una dermatitis granulomatosa en empalizada y luego evoluciona a la dermatitis granulomatosa intersticial.
Se denominan “reactivas” por su asociación, hasta en el 75% de los casos, con patologías sistémicas. La más común es la artritis reumatoide, seguida del lupus, las inducidas por fármacos, las neoplasias y las infecciones. En el 25% restante no se encuentran patologías asociadas.
Suelen responder a los esteroides tópicos o sistémicos, o al tratamiento de la enfermedad subyacente. En algunos pacientes la resolución es espontánea.
Se presentan los casos correspondientes a tres pacientes con dermatitis granulomatosa reactiva estudiados para descartar patologías sistémicas asociadas.
Piense en: condrodermatitis nodular del hélix
Authors: Boulet María Julia , Aguerre María Florencia , Cantú Parra Laura
Published: January 2023

Carcinoma basocelular nodular. Cáncer de piel más frecuente, derivado de los queratinocitos de la capa basal. El subtipo nodular representa entre el 50% y el 80% del total.

Carcinoma espinocelular diferenciado acantolítico. Neoplasia que se origina por proliferación anormal de los queratinocitos del estrato espinoso de la epidermis. Clínicamente se presenta como una pápula o placa queratósica, dura, eritematocostrosa, indolora.

Condrodermatitis nodular del hélix. Patología inflamatoria benigna que afecta la piel y el cartílago auricular. La etiopatogenia se desconoce, aunque se ha relacionado con un traumatismo repetido sobre el cartílago.
Teaching in a Small Rural School During the 1930s
Authors: Hemmings Brian
Published: January 2023

This article reports on a person's recollections of teaching in a single-teacher school during the period 1937 to 1939, These recollections offer a rich and interesting picture of that time and, in addition, allow comparisons to be drawn with present day small school teaching experiences. Recollection or oral history is a method of enquiry that is freely criticised. As documented by Spaull (1988) three common arguments are raised against the oral history procedure: one, it is unrepresentative and thus the reliability of the source can be questioned; two, evidence based on memory reconstructions can be challenged as too subjective; and three, interviewing can lead to inhibitions and distortions from the interviewee. Despite these criticisms, the oral history procedure is currently enjoying a resurgence in educational research and provides a lens to view teaching in a small school during the late 1930s in rural New South Wales (NSW). The interviewee1. was interviewed on three separate occasions from March 1994 till December 1994. Each interview ran for approximately one hour and notes were recorded throughout the interview sessions to allow for later analysis. The analysis was based on a series of coding steps known as open, axial, and selective coding (Neuman, 1991) and revealed six categories: (1) appointment to the far-west area; (2) description of the school setting; (3) teacher responsibilities; (4) characteristics of the student body; (5) curricular organisation; and, (6) departmental inspection. Each category of findings is discussed in the following section.
A Teaching Program in Rural Education
Authors: Oliver Ron
Published: January 2023

This paper describes an innovative rural education project undertaken at Edith Cowan University through funding from the Committee for the Advancement of University Teaching (CAUT). The project sought to create and implement an instructional course based on contemporary learning theories and to enhance learning outcomes in a pre-service teacher education course dealing with rural education. It sought to do so through the use of telematics in teaching and learning. The project involved the development of a module of work that enabled students to experience the technology and to construct their own perceptions of the use of telecommunications as a delivery medium for rural education. It was planned that the students would learn about teaching and learning with telematics by themselves being taught with that technology. The outcomes and initial findings from an implementation of these ideas provided very positive results. The project has demonstrated a powerful alternative to the conventional teaching format, one which is both efficient as a delivery medium and effective in the outcomes that are achieved.
Disadvantage and Poverty in Rural Scotland
Authors: McSwan Dr David
Published: January 2023

A recent (1993) study in rural Scotland showed that poverty and disadvantage are widespread, Rural residents view of themselves, their standard of living, was not consistent with standard objective definitions. This mismatch has significant policy implications. The following article, extracted from the below-listed references, reports on the findings of the study and should prove useful to a wide range of professionals, policy makers, and administrators for whom an understanding of rural areas is important and necessary.
Diagnostic accuracy of different cut-off values of adenosine deaminase levels in tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: Masood Kiran Iqbal , Shahid Shayan , Jabeen Kauser , Farooqi Joveria , Kerawala Sabeika Raza , Irfan Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of different cut-off values of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase levels as a diagnostic method for tuberculous pleural effusion.
Method: The prospective study was conducted from 2014 to 2016 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised pleural fluid samples of adult patients with and without tuberculosis which were tested for adenosine deaminase levels, and divided into tuberculosis group A and non-tuberculosis group B. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were calculated using different cut-offs. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).
Results: Of 155 patients, 46(29.7%) had tuberculosis; 30(65.2%) males and 16(34.8%) females. Those who did not have tuberculosis were 109(70.3%); 69(63.3%) males and 40(36.7%) females. The adenosine deaminase levels were elevated in group A compared to group B (p<0.001). The cut-off of 30U/L showed the highest sensitivity (71.7%) and negative predictive value (87.4%), and a specificity of 82.6%. The cut-off of 50U/L showed the highest specificity (89.9%) with sensitivity 52.2%, and the cut-off of 40U/L showed the highest positive predictive value of 68.9% with sensitivity 67.4% and specificity 87.2%.
Conclusion: Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase testing for diagnosing tuberculosis pleuritis revealed highest sensitivity and moderate specificity for cut-off value of 30U/L.
Key Words: Tuberculosis, Pleural effusion, Adenosine deaminase, Diagnosis.