bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative impacts of hydroelectric dams on the trans‐Amazonian migrations of goliath catfish
Authors: Hauser Marília , Doria Carolina R. C. , Pécheyran Christophe , Ponzevera Emmanuel , Panfili Jacques , Torrente‐Vilara Gislene , Renno Jean‐François , Freitas Carlos Edward , García‐Dávila Carmen , Duponchelle Fabrice
Published: August 2024

Hydropower expansion is increasingly responsible for connectivity and biodiversity loss in freshwater ecosystems. The Amazon basin, which supports the highest level of freshwater biodiversity globally, faces such unplanned expansion. Here, we demonstrate and quantify the impacts of two major hydroelectric dams on the Madeira River on the trans‐Amazonian movements of one apex predatory catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) performing the longest migration known in freshwaters. Using otolith microchemistry, we show that above the dams, the former basin‐wide homing migration between the breeding grounds in the upper Madeira and the nursery in the Amazon estuary has now been replaced by residency. We found evidence suggesting downstream migration of juvenile fish past dams into the Amazon estuary and that some of them home back to the Madeira. However, we did not find evidence that the fish homing back from the estuary can access their breeding grounds in the upper Madeira; they remain blocked below the dams. Our results provide undisputable evidence that the conservation of the species primarily requires the reestablishment of connectivity with the construction of efficient fishways.
YES to women's ordination and NO to violence against women: Gender justice and the LWF communion of churches
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Arnfridur
Published: August 2024

Gender justice has been a priority of the Lutheran Word Federation (LWF) for decades, much longer than the existence of its Gender Justice Policy (2013) where it is affirmed that gender justice is “a matter of faith.” The LWF has always put great emphasis on the theological problems gender justice issues present, as opposed to an assessment that women's experiences of exclusion and abuses of power are strictly acknowledged and treated as human rights violations. Therefore the committment to gender justice has been strongly tied to the importance of theological education as a critical tool against misleading theologies that justify patriarchal world views, including traditional gender roles and women's submissiveness. The focus in this article is on two major gender justice issues the LWF has called particular attention to, namely women's equal participation to men in leadership roles, including ordained ministry, and violence against women within the church and society at large. Ever since the Seventh Assembly of the LWF in Budapest in 1984, LWF member churches have been urged in assembly messages and resolutions to promote full inclusion of women in the life of church and society and to secure their health and well‐being. Multiple documents, action plans, policies, and reports have been written in order to follow up on the directions from the assemblies regarding women. My aim here is to explore those documents and to lift up what has already been said about women's leadership roles in church and society and about discrimination and violence against women. These documents laid the groundwork for what was stated in the documents passed at the Thirteenth Assembly of the LWF in Poland in September 2023.
Treatment of malignant melanoma with coxsackievirus A21 (V937): An emerging oncolytic virotherapy
Authors: Sakunchotpanit Goranit , Patil Mihir K. , Venkatesh Kaushik , Rohan Thomas Z. , Cheng Debby , Nambudiri Vinod E.
Published: August 2024

Despite rising melanoma incidence in recent decades, there is a trend towards overall decreased mortality, reflecting multiple factors including improved treatment options for metastatic disease. While local treatments are the mainstay for early‐stage melanoma, metastatic disease necessitates systemic treatment, with oncolytic virotherapy emerging as a promising option. For this review, articles were retrieved from PubMed from 1964 through 2024. We conducted title, abstract and full‐text screening in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines to identify articles describing the use of coxsackievirus A21 (V937), either as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy for malignant melanoma. Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria, offering preclinical and clinical data on V937's efficacy in reducing tumour burden. In addition to reporting manageable safety profiles, clinical trial data examining intratumoral V937 combination therapy with pembrolizumab and ipilimumab also endorsed favourable objective response rates compared to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy (47% vs. 38% and 21% vs. 10%, respectively). In contrast, intravenous V937 monotherapy failed to yield additional benefit in a cohort of patients with Stage IIIC/IV melanoma (n = 3) despite achieving detectable levels in tumour tissue (1 × 109 TCID50). Although small subsets of patients experienced severe adverse effects and study design limitations imposed constraints on collected data, evidence for the efficacy of V937 remains encouraging. With few clinical trials evaluating V937 in melanoma, additional data is required before routine usage in standard treatment for metastatic lesions.
Exploration of potential biomarkers for prurigo nodularis based on plasma‐metabolome analysis
Authors: Wang Duoqin , Peng Lisi , Zhu Yiqi , Xu Shuwen , Xiao Zijing , Shen Yanyun , Jin Taiyu , Shao Yixin , Tang Hui
Published: August 2024

Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic and debilitating skin disease with severe itching that negatively impacts patients' quality of life and mental state. However, the treatment options for PN remain limited. Global metabolomics analysis can offer effective information on energy metabolism, pathogenesis and potential diagnostic biomarkers. No study on metabolomic analysis of PN has been reported. To further understand the mechanisms of PN and analyse the plasma metabolite profiles in patients with PN. Targeted‐metabolome analysis of 306 metabolites in plasma from 18 patients with PN and 19 healthy controls was performed using Liquid Chromatography‐tandem Mass Spectrometer analysis. We identified 31 differential metabolites. Most acylcarnitines, long‐chain fatty acids, alpha‐aminobutyric acid, hydroxybutyric acid and lactic acid among these metabolites were up‐regulated in patients with PN; in contrast, glucaric acid, suberic acid, bile acid derivatives and most amino acids were down‐regulated. Positive correlations exist between glucaric acid and itching severity and acylcarnitines and insomnia. Suberic acid and the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scores correlate negatively. Metabolite variation reflects the dysregulation of energy metabolism and chronic systematic inflammation in PN. Several metabolites, such as glucaric acid, suberic acid and acylcarnitines, merit further study as potential biomarkers of disease severity in PN.
Further diversity in the origins of fish antifreeze proteins
Authors: Ewart Kathryn Vanya
Published: August 2024

Shifts in environmental conditions can impose strong selection for adaptive traits. During the Cenozoic era, as the oceans cooled, many marine teleost fish species were at risk of freezing. This led to the independent emergence of distinct ice‐binding antifreeze proteins (AFPs). The report in this issue by Graham and Davies reveals the development of AFP genes in shorthorn and longhorn sculpin from a copy of the lunapark gene. The predicted sculpin AFP sequences are unrelated to that of lunapark; the coding sequences for the AFPs appear to have arisen from small portions of the lunapark gene by codon frameshifting along with a series of mutations.
Elevated nuclear expression of ZHX1 correlates with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Comparison of nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of the ZHX family in HCC cells
Authors: Ma Yu‐Hong , Maekawa Shinya , Takano Shinichi , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Ishida Takeshi , Takaoka Shinya , Muraoka Masaru , Komiyama Yasuyuki , Takada Hitomi , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sato Mitsuaki , Fan Jianglin , Enomoto Nobuyuki
Published: August 2024

Aim

The role of the zinc fingers and homeoboxes family (ZHX1–3), transcriptional repressors, through their subcellular localization in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is not fully understood. The present study aimed to examine the differential nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of ZHXs in HCC tissues.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect the expression of ZHXs in 54 liver tissues from HCC (n = 33), hepatitis C (n = 16), and the normal liver tissue surrounding hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (n = 5). Next‐generation sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction identified gene mutations associated with HCC. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to evaluate the relationship between ZHX expression and survival. The results were validated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were undertaken to identify independent prognostic factors.

Results

High nuclear expression of ZHX1 was associated with poor overall survival (OS), while high nuclear expression of ZHX2 correlated with higher recurrence. Conversely, patients with high cytoplasmic expression of ZHX3 had lower recurrence and better OS. Hepatitis B virus‐associated HCC was related to high cytoplasmic expression of ZHX1, which was marginally related to telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation‐negative HCC. In contrast, low nuclear expression of ZHX3 was associated with TERT promoter mutation‐positive HCC and HCC patients over 70 years old.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the expression and localization of different ZHXs may be related to HCC progression, potentially inferring genetic backgrounds such as TERT promoter mutation. Further studies on the relationship between HCC and ZHXs will enhance our understanding and control of HCC.
The role of yeast propagation aeration for subsequent primary fermentation with respect to performance and aroma development
Authors: Beugholt Alexander , Geier Dominik Ulrich , Becker Thomas
Published: August 2024

During the primary fermentation of beer, the yeast simultaneously carries out a series of processes such as cell growth, pH shift, and the formation and degradation of essential flavour components. Harvested yeast from a previous fermentation can be used to inoculate the fermentation or fresh cells can be produced through aerobic propagation. This study investigated the influence of different aeration conditions during Saccharomyces pastorianus ssp. carlsbergensis propagation on the cell count development and the production of secondary metabolites during the subsequent primary beer fermentation. Propagations were conducted by applying six different dissolved oxygen concentrations, and the cells were used as inoculum for the subsequent fermentation. Cell count, pH shift, and the development of key aroma compounds were monitored throughout the primary fermentation to evaluate any difference between the conducted fermentations. The outcomes revealed significant distinctions between fermentations using yeast propagated under elevated oxygen levels and those propagated under reduced oxygen levels. Cells propagated using lower oxygen concentrations showed earlier cell growth with 40% lower final cell counts, resulting in 50% reduced biomass yields. Additionally, lower oxygen concentrations during propagation led to lower pH shifts during primary fermentation with 20% more higher alcohols and elevated formation of acetaldehyde, and esters.
Antifungal efficacy of neroli and palmarosa essential oils against major white button mushroom postharvest pathogens
Authors: Jangam Seshagiri Divyashree , Sellamuthu Periyar Selvam , Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku
Published: August 2024

White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) has a wide nutritional benefit and a major drawback in supply chain management, due to its short shelf‐life of between 3 and 4 days. Postharvest spoilage caused by Trichoderma and Rhizopus including green‐mould and soft‐rot diseases causes an enormous impact on the shelf‐life of mushroom. Research work is designed to isolate the post‐harvest pathogens from mushroom and determine the effects of eight essential oils on the control of the major postharvest pathogens (T. lentinulae and R. arrhizus). Neroli and palmarosa exhibited 100% inhibition of the two pathogens at 3 and 4 μL/plate, respectively. In‐vivo studies showed that fumigation of neroli and palmarosa essential oils at concentrations of 46.2 and 61.6 μL L−1 exhibited a significant effect on the postharvest pathogens. Major components present in neroli and palmarosa are linalool and geraniol respectively. Findings concluded that neroli and palmarosa could be an efficient natural fungicide to reduce postharvest diseases in white button mushroom.
Preparation and in vitro digestion of algal oil emulsion gel candy with high oxidation stability based on cold‐set gelation method
Authors: Wang Xinshuo , Sun Rongxin , Xia Shuqin , Yu Jingyang
Published: August 2024

Algal oil emulsion gel candies were prepared by a cold‐set gelation method, and the oxidative stability was analysed. Then, the release of algal oil and the microstructural changes of gel candies were investigated under in vitro simulated digestion conditions. The formula of gel candy was found to be 65% sucrose, 5% algal oil emulsion, 1.8% sodium alginate, 1.2% high methoxy pectin and 2% D‐glucono‐δ‐lactone. Cold‐set gel candies loaded with algal oil emulsion had good oxidative stability. Emulsion gel candies could maintain a relatively intact gel network structure in a gastric fluid environment, in which the DHA release rate was less than 5%, whereas the gel structure was loosened at 30 min of digestion in simulated intestinal fluid and destroyed at 60 min, with a release rate of about 75%. Altogether, these results lay a theoretical foundation for facilitating the development of novel DHA functional foods.
Primary endoscopic drainage of an infected renal cyst via a preexisting duodenal fistula
Authors: Mutaz Massad , Lorenzo Dioscoridi , Edoardo Forti , Francesco Pugliese , Marcello Cintolo , Giulia Bonato , Marianna Bravo , Massimiliano Mutignani , Serhan Hashem Abu
Published: August 2024

Renal cyst – duodenal fistula is not common and we know little about their presentation and management. The present case report describes a unique endoscopic technique to manage an infected renal cyst through a preexisting duodenal fistula. A retrospective evaluation and analysis were performed of a patient with an infected renal cyst‐duodenal fistula seen in our unit. Patient symptoms, imaging findings, and details of endoscopic procedures were evaluated. The Need for minimally invasive techniques is increasing nowadays as both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. One of these modalities is the endoscopic management of gastrointestinal fistulae. Minimally invasive techniques can be used as a bridge to major surgeries in those who are not candidates initially.
An empirical model for predicting insects' diapause termination and phenology: An application to Cydia pomonella
Authors: Sperandio Giorgio , Pasquali Sara , Pradolesi Gianfranco , Baiocco Serena , Cavina Federico , Gilioli Gianni
Published: August 2024

Diapause is a vital survival strategy for insects, enabling them to conserve energy and endure adverse conditions. Understanding how diapause affects insect phenology and population dynamics is crucial for the effective management of insect pests. Predictive pest phenological models can be invaluable tools for providing essential information to support management strategies. This study presents a modelling framework to incorporate diapause into phenological models when biological information on variables regulating and functions describing diapause induction and termination are lacking or limited. In our framework, insect phenology is divided into a set of phases characterized by specific events (diapause induction and termination) and processes (development of diapausing and post‐diapausing biological stages). The phenology is simulated by a stage‐structured model based on the Kolmogorov equation, and the temperature‐dependent development rate functions are described by the Brière functional form. Our modelling framework was tested on a case study involving the prediction of the phenology of the codling moth, (Cydia pomonella L. 1758). Model calibration and validation were performed using four time‐series adult trap catch data collected in the Emilia Romagna Region from 2021 to 2023. The calibration procedure allowed obtaining realistic parameters related to the temperature threshold triggering diapause termination and the development rate function of post‐diapausing larvae and pupae. Model validation proved successful in simulating both the initial emergence and the overall phenological patterns of adults across the three observed generations. The methodological framework proposed here aims to facilitate the introduction of diapause in phenological models improving also their predictive abilities. The model may serve as an accurate and knowledge‐based tool for planning and implementing pest monitoring and control actions based on the realistic predictions provided by the model on the phenological status of the pest.
Feature area size prediction method of spherical fruit based on projection transformation
Authors: Huang Bohan , Xue Long , Yin Chaoyang , Li Jing , Liu Muhua
Published: August 2024

With the development of machine vision and spectral detection technology, online sorting of fruit internal and external quality has been developed rapidly. However, for spherical fruits, it is difficult to obtain full surface images during sorting, so it is difficult to accurately calculate the size of the surface defects and the ratio of defects to the full surface. In this paper, a full surface line scanning image acquisition device for spherical fruit is proposed. Based on this device, the line scanning hyperspectral image of spherical fruit is collected, and the original image is extracted by feature extraction and background removal. Next, the isometric projection image and the equivalent projection image of the feature image is obtained through cartography projection transformation; The number of feature pixels in the original feature image, the isometric projection image, the equivalent projection image, and the width of the original feature image are used as input parameters to predict the actual defect area with the help of the shallow neural network. In this paper, the equipment and method are verified using three test balls with different diameters and pasting different sizes of identification blocks at different positions on their surfaces. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy R of the test set of the model is 0.9937, and the RMSE is 0.3391 cm2. It can be seen that the method has good prediction accuracy, which can provide a reference for the hyperspectral on‐line sorting method of external quality of spherical fruit.

Practical application

This method provides an effective solution for the quality sorting production line of spherical fruits. In addition to agricultural product quality testing and food quality testing, similar to the detection of industrial products such as ball balls, the scheme provided in this manuscript can also be used as one of the options.

The method proposed in this manuscript is suitable for all kinds of line scanning equipment, including hyperspectral imager and laser profilometer.
The METHYLTRANSFERASE B–SERRATE interaction mediates the reciprocal regulation of microRNA biogenesis and RNA m6A modification
Authors: Bai Haiyan , Dai Yanghuan , Fan Panting , Zhou Yiming , Wang Xiangying , Chen Jingjing , Jiao Yuzhe , Du Chang , Huang Zhuoxi , Xie Yuting , Guo Xiaoyu , Lang Xiaoqiang , Ling Yongqing , Deng Yizhen , Liu Qi , He Shengbo , Zhang Zhonghui
Published: August 2024

In eukaryotes, RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification and microRNA (miRNA)‐mediated RNA silencing represent two critical epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. The m6A methyltransferase complex (MTC) and the microprocessor complex both undergo liquid–liquid phase separation to form nuclear membraneless organelles. Although m6A methyltransferase has been shown to positively regulate miRNA biogenesis, a mechanism of reciprocal regulation between the MTC and the microprocessor complex has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the MTC and the microprocessor complex associate with each other through the METHYLTRANSFERASE B (MTB)–SERRATE (SE) interacting module. Knockdown of MTB impaired miRNA biogenesis by diminishing microprocessor complex binding to primary miRNAs (pri‐miRNAs) and their respective MIRNA loci. Additionally, loss of SE function led to disruptions in transcriptome‐wide m6A modification. Further biochemical assays and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay indicated that SE enhances the liquid–liquid phase separation and solubility of the MTC. Moreover, the MTC exhibited enhanced retention on chromatin and diminished binding to its RNA substrates in the se mutant background. Collectively, our results reveal the substantial regulatory interplay between RNA m6A modification and miRNA biogenesis.
The impact of gender on the nursing figure and nurses' interprofessional relationships: A multimethod study
Authors: Piervisani Loredana , Maria Maddalena De , Spagnuolo Sabrina , Nazzaro Patrizia , Rocco Gennaro , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria
Published: August 2024

Aims

To identify the current presence of stereotypes about the nursing profession in Italy and to understand how gendered processes and modalities are regulated and expressed in the physician‐nurse dyad, and the implications for professional identity and autonomy.

Design

Qualitative multimethod design.

Methods

Forty‐five interviews were conducted with nurses and physicians. The collected qualitative data underwent automatic textual data analysis using a multidimensional exploratory approach and a gender framework analysis.

Results

In Italy, nurses' roles are still associated with gender stereotypes stemming from the predominant male culture, which affects sexual and gender identity, the division of labor, and access to career paths. This leads to disadvantages in the nursing profession, which is heavily dominated by women.

Conclusion

Biological differences between sexes generate an unconscious yet shared symbolic gender order composed of negative stereotypes that influence nurses' professional roles and activities. They follow behaviors that enter the work routine and institutionalize organizational processes. These effects are also seen in the asymmetric, limited, and reciprocal interprofessional relationships between male physicians and female nurses, where the former hinders the latter's professional autonomy and access to top positions.

Implications for the Profession

This survey raises awareness of gender issues and stimulates reflection. It also enables health and nursing organizations to take action to raise gender awareness and education by countering the image of a non‐autonomous profession. The analysis of gender processes allows us to identify interventions that can counteract forms of oppression in the work environment that lead to the emergence of nursing as a non‐autonomous profession.
A closer examination of the “rural mortality penalty”: Variability by race, region, and measurement
Authors: Cohen Steven , Metcalf Emily , Brown Monique J. , Ahmed Neelam H. , Nash Caitlin , Greaney Mary L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Racial health disparities are well documented and pervasive across the United States. Evidence suggests there is a “rural mortality penalty” whereby rural residents experience poorer health outcomes than their urban counterparts. However, whether this penalty is uniform across demographic groups and U.S. regions is unknown.

Objective

To assess how rural–urban differences in mortality differ by race (Black vs. White), U.S. region, poverty status, and how rural–urban status is measured.

Methods

Age‐standardized mortality rates (ASMRs)/100,000 by U.S. county (2015–2019) were obtained by race (Black/White) from the CDC Wonder National Vital Statistics System (2015–2019) and were merged with county‐level social determinants from the US Census Bureau and County Health Rankings. Multivariable generalized linear models assessed the associations between rurality (index of relative rurality [IRR] decile, rural–urban continuum codes, and population density) and race‐specific ASMR, overall, and by Census region and poverty level.

Results

Overall, average ASMR was significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas for both Black (rural ASMR = 949.1 per 100,000 vs. urban ASMR = 857.7 per 100,000) and White (rural ASMR = 903.0 per 100,000 vs. urban ASMR = 791.6 per 100,000) populations. The Black‐White difference was substantially higher (p < 0.001) in urban than in rural counties (65.1 per 100,000 vs. 46.1 per 100,000). Black–White differences and patterns in ASMR varied notably by poverty status and U.S. region.

Conclusion

Policies and interventions designed to reduce racial health disparities should consider and address key contextual factors associated with geographic location, including rural–urban status and socioeconomic status.
Designing stablecoins
Authors: Cao Yizhou , Dai Min , Kou Steven , Li Lewei , Yang Chen
Published: August 2024

Existing cryptocurrencies are too volatile to be used as currencies for daily payments. Stablecoins, which are cryptocurrencies pegged to other stable financial assets such as the US dollar, are desirable for payments within blockchain networks, whereby being often called the “Holy Grail of cryptocurrency.” By using the option pricing theory and the Ethereum platform that allows running smart contracts, we design several dual‐class structures that are written on the ETH cryptocurrency and offer a fixed‐income crypto asset (Class A coin), a stablecoin (Class A′ coin) pegged to a traditional currency, and leveraged investment instruments (Class B and B′ coins). Our investigation of the values of stablecoins in the presence of jump risk and black swan‐type events shows the robustness of the design. The design has been implemented on the Ethereum platform.
Sibling Effects on School Achievement: Evidence From Two Large French Cohorts
Authors: Gurgand Lilas , Peyre Hugo , Ecalle Jean , Fischer Jean‐Paul , Ramus Franck
Published: August 2024

We studied the effect of the number and characteristics of siblings (sex, age) on school achievement in several grades (kindergarten, first grade, and fifth grade), in two large French cohorts, with more than 16,000 children. Running linear mixed‐effects models, we find that, independently of socioeconomic status, having more siblings is negatively associated with school achievement. We found a stronger negative association between the number of siblings and the achievement in older compared to younger siblings. This finding is in line with the resource dilution model, where families with more children have fewer resources available per child, but contradicts the confluence model (i.e., a child's intellectual ability is influenced by the average intellectual ability in the family). The negative association between the number of siblings and achievement was moderated by family income, with weaker effects in wealthier families.
Impacts of Global Warming on Quality of Male Fishes: Evidence From A Meta‐Analysis of Temperature Effects on Sperm Motility Kinematics
Authors: Cheng Yu , Wang Jinhai , Alavi Sayyed Mohammad Hadi , Zhang Songpei , Linhartová Zuzana , Roy Deepali Rahi , Shazada Nururshopa Eskander , Dzyuba Borys , Linhart Otomar
Published: August 2024

Studies have demonstrated adverse effects of global warming on aquatic ecosystems. However, the effects of increased water temperature (IWT) on fish reproduction are still doubtful in species spawning at low or high temperatures. In this meta‐analysis, we elucidated the effects of global warming on spermatozoa functions, key determinants of male fertility. We recruited 245 data records from 20 studies spanning 20 cold‐ and warm‐water fishes to identify the effects of IWT on sperm quality. Data were re‐processed and re‐analyzed to determine the overall effects of IWT on sperm kinetics such as percentage of motile spermatozoa (MOT), duration of spermatozoa motility (DSM), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), as well as on enzymatic activities for energy supply (EAES) and antioxidant enzyme activity (ANEA). The standardized mean difference was calculated for each study, with positive values indicating higher performance under IWT. Results showed that (a) the overall effect size for MOT was larger negative in cold‐water fishes (−1.22) than in warm‐water fishes (−0.95). (b) Each 1°C increase in the activation medium reduced MOT by 1.30% (cold‐water fishes) and 3.47% (warm‐water fishes). (c) IWT negatively affected DSM, decreasing it by 10 s (cold‐water species) and 5.64 s (warm‐water species) per degree of IWT. (d) Spermatozoa velocity (VCL and VSL) increased by IWT in warm‐water species. (e) In cold‐water species, IWT‐induced detrimental effects on EAES were associated with adverse impacts on sperm motility kinetics. In conclusion, IWT negatively affects sperm motility kinetics, suggesting an impact of global warming on fish reproduction.
Responsible development of digital livestock technologies for agricultural challenges: Purpose, practicality and effects are key considerations
Authors: Williamson Hugh F. , Hartley Sarah
Published: August 2024

Digital livestock technologies (DLTs) are presented as solutions to grand challenges in post‐Brexit British agricultural policy, such as climate change and food security. Evidence suggests technological solutions to agricultural challenges will be more effective with stakeholder and public engagement, yet there is little known about stakeholder views on these emerging technologies. We drew on responsible research and innovation, to analyse stakeholder perspectives on three case studies of DLT development through anticipatory focus groups with expert stakeholders in British animal agriculture. We found that stakeholders from broadly agroecological approaches to farming are at risk of exclusion from DLT development and policy, with negative implications for the ability of DLTs to resolve grand challenges in animal agriculture. We propose a heuristic framework of purpose, practicality and effects as key considerations for inclusive and responsible DLT development that contributes to ensuring effective solutions to grand challenges while avoiding wasted investments.
High‐powered 675‐nm laser: Safety and efficacy in clinical evaluation and in vitro evidence for different skin disorders
Authors: Vitale Massimo D. F. , Madeddu Francesca , Fusco Irene , Pieri Laura , Bonan Paolo , Zingoni Tiziano , Magni Giada , Rossi Francesca
Published: August 2024

Background

Laser technology is a viable therapeutic option for treating a number of skin pathologic conditions, including pigmented lesions, vascular lesions and acne scars.

Aim

In this work, through in vitro and clinical investigations we test the efficacy, the safety and the speed of treatment of high‐powered laser system emitting a 675‐nm in the management of various skin condition.

Materials and methods

In vitro experiments were performed irradiating adult human dermal fibroblasts cells (HDFa) with 675‐nm laser for 24, 48 and 72 h with different fluences and Ki‐67+ cells were counted. The confocal microscopy images of control and treated samples were acquired. Clinical skin rejuvenation/diseases treatments with 675 nm laser device were performed with different laser parameters in 11 patients with pigmented lesions, 5 patients with acne scars and 23 patients for skin rejuvenation. Data were evaluated with the validated global score using 5‐point scales (GAIS) and patient's satisfaction scale.

Results

The application of the high‐power 675 nm laser has proven effective in stimulating cell proliferation in in vitro experiments and it led to good results for all skin pathologies. GAIS showed values between 3 and 4 points for all treated pathologies, all scores between ‘75%‐good improvements’ and ‘100%‐excellent improvements’. The treatment time was reduced by 50% compared to the old parameters setting, resulting in a faster and good patient's satisfying technique. No serious adverse effects were recorded. Conclusion: the preclinical and clinical data confirm the efficacy and safety of this high‐powered 675 nm laser for several skin condition.
Artificial intelligence in psychodermatology: A brief report of applications and impact in clinical practice
Authors: Tan Isabella J. , Katamanin Olivia M. , Greene Rachel K. , Jafferany Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Background

This report evaluates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in psychodermatology, emphasizing its ability to enhance diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and personalized care. Psychodermatology, which explores the connection between mental health and skin disorders, stands to benefit from AI's advanced data analysis and pattern recognition capabilities.

Materials and methods

A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, spanning from 2004 to 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies included demonstrated AI's effectiveness in predicting treatment outcomes for body dysmorphic disorder, identifying biomarkers in psoriasis and anxiety disorders, and refining therapeutic strategies.

Results

The review identified several studies highlighting AI's role in improving treatment outcomes and diagnostic accuracy in psychodermatology. AI was effective in predicting outcomes for body dysmorphic disorder and identifying biomarkers related to psoriasis and anxiety disorders. However, challenges such as limited dermatologist knowledge, integration difficulties, and ethical concerns regarding patient privacy were noted.

Conclusion

AI holds significant promise for advancing psychodermatology by improving diagnostic precision, treatment effectiveness, and personalized care. Nonetheless, realizing this potential requires large‐scale clinical validation, enhanced dataset diversity, and robust ethical frameworks. Future research should focus on these areas, with interdisciplinary collaboration essential for overcoming current challenges and optimizing patient care in psychodermatology.
Supporting student‐centered math instruction in high‐need urban schools: The role of self‐talk in teacher identity development
Authors: Olitsky Stacy
Published: August 2024

This qualitative study explores how structural factors and self‐talk mediate early career math teachers' experiences implementing student‐centered reforms in high‐need urban schools. Results indicate that implementing instructional changes can sometimes interfere with the success of classroom interaction rituals, and can contribute to internal conversations containing blame of self and students. However, various supports can help teachers develop the “ingredients” for positive, action‐oriented self‐talk, including successful interactions within reform‐oriented communities and autonomy in planning curriculum. For one of the teachers in the study, access to distance communities focused on project‐based learning combined with alterations in self‐talk supported a reform‐oriented teaching identity, instruction that values students' interests, and commitment to teaching mathematics in high‐need urban schools.
Evaluation of lidocaine for auriculopalpebral nerve block in dogs: Onset, duration, and effects on intraocular pressure and eye examination
Authors: Golzar Bahar , Sarchahi Ali Asghar , Azizzadeh Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is essential for managing glaucoma, requiring tonometry. Local anesthesia is typically used, but nerve blocks may be needed for blepharospasm. This study investigated the efficacy of auriculopalpebral nerve block with lidocaine in achieving eyelid akinesia and its influence on IOP in dogs.

Animals and Procedures

In a randomized, blinded trial, 12 healthy adult mixed‐breed dogs (24 eyes) received either auriculopalpebral nerve block with 2% lidocaine (n = 12 eyes) or no block (n = 12 eyes). Tetracaine drops were used for topical anesthesia in half of blocked/non‐blocked eyes, and the rest of the eyes got artificial tears as control. The impact of nerve block was evaluated through assessments of menace response, palpebral reflex, and IOP before the block, after drop instillation, and at 15‐min intervals until block dissipation.

Results

Auriculopalpebral nerve block provided effective eyelid akinesia in 58.5% (7/12 eyes) at 15 min, reaching 91.7% (11/12 eyes) at 30 min, indicating peak efficacy. Subsequently, the block gradually diminished, with 66.7% (8/12 eyes) and 33.3% (4/12 eyes) maintaining akinesia at 45 and 60 min, respectively. Importantly, neither auriculopalpebral nerve block nor tetracaine administration significantly affected IOP measurements (p > .05).

Conclusions

Auriculopalpebral nerve block using lidocaine demonstrated efficient eyelid akinesia, peaking at 30 min postinjection. This technique proved to be safe with no notable alterations in IOP, suggesting its potential utility in canine ophthalmology for procedures requiring eyelid akinesia, particularly in the management of glaucoma where maintaining accurate IOP measurements is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring the disease.
Anomaly Detection in Square Butt Joint by Friction Stir Welding Using Variational Autoencoder
Authors: Oda Kazuya , Suwa Haruhiko , Murakami Koji
Published: August 2024

This study proposes an anomaly detection method for the friction stir welding process using a variational autoencoder, which is a representative deep generative model in machine learning, with two time-series data: temperature near a tool probe tip and a tool shoulder tip and bending force on a tool. We mention a square butt welding process of a pair of aluminum alloy plates. Through preliminary welding experiments, normal and anomalous data are collected to construct a VAE network used for anomaly detection in square butt joining. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through validation experiments by comparing the proposed VAE method with an autoencoder.
Reduction of Roughing Process by Near-Net Shape Manufacturing Using Sheet Metal Laminated Molds
Authors: Ota Chihiro , Nakatsuji Hidenori , Nishida Isamu
Published: August 2024

This study proposes the way to reduce the rouging process by using sheet metal laminated molds to create a near-net shape of a product. To accomplish this, it developed a system that automatically outputs the numerical control (NC) program for laser cutting to create a sheet metal laminated mold from the computer-aided design (CAD) data of the product in standard triangulated language (STL) format. It also developed a system that automatically generates the NC program for medium roughing and finishing. The system eliminates air cut motions of the NC program by using the near-net shape information and the tool path calculated with round bar work materials. By actual machining, the effectiveness of this system was confirmed.
Investigation of Tooth Surface Temperature Based on High-Speed Thermography Monitoring Under Meshing of Hypoid Gear With Small Number of Teeth
Authors: Kikuchi Daiki , Onozeki Shoui , Nakagawa Masao , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi , Matsui Shota
Published: August 2024

Improving the noise vibration harshness (NVH) characteristics of systems has recently become a critical issue for meeting user needs in the automotive industry. Note that the accuracy of the tooth surface significantly influences the vibrations of gear meshing. The hypoid gear used in the automobile differential has a complex shape; hence, estimating its contact conditions is difficult. Therefore, we aim to develop a novel method to analyze the tooth contact conditions using highly sensitive infrared thermography measurements with a high response. The proposed method provides a noncontact analysis based on monitoring the temperature distribution during meshing between the pinion and gear surfaces. In this study, we designed three hypoid gear types with high-reduction ratios. Subsequently, a tooth contact analysis was conducted using thermography measurements. As a result, the relationship between the temperature increase at the tooth contact area was clarified.
Study on Dynamic Characteristics Control System of Machine Tools for Avoiding Chatter Vibration
Authors: Hayashi Akio , Takeuchi Shotaro , Morimoto Yoshitaka
Published: August 2024

In cutting process, chatter vibration is a problem that deteriorates machining accuracy. In a previous study, we proposed a method that avoids chatter vibration by changing the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool without changing the machining conditions. However, the method for changing machine tool stiffness was set manually. Then, we have developed new changing method for the dynamic characteristics of machine tools during machining. In this study, the characteristics changes by a brace bar attached to a desktop machine tool is performed automatically by using a servo motor. The effectiveness of the automatic dynamic characteristics control is evaluated by the transition of the stability limit diagram through hammering tests.
Two new Aculus species (Acari: Eriophyoidea) collected on Hypericum spp. in Iran
Authors: Lotfollahi Parisa , Jahandideh-Dogijan Javad , Honarmand Arash
Published: August 2024

During the year 2023, Hypericaceae plants were sampled in Iran and two new Aculus species were found on them: Aculus quattuorlaminate Lotfollahi, Jahandideh et Honarmand sp. nov. on Hypericum perforatum L. and Aculus hufarighooni Honarmand, Jahandideh et Lotfollahi sp. nov. on Hypericum scabrum L. Both species were vagrant on their host plants. In this study we provided a list of eriophyoid species collected on Hypericaceae plants worldwide, their type host, type locality and habitus, and a key for identification of them.
The Gridiron’s Ethical Striping: Threads of Tackle Football’s Moral Permissibility
Authors: López Frías Francisco Javier
Published: August 2024

In this paper, I examine the ethical landscape surrounding tackle football, exploring the moral permissibility of the sport and the myriad ethical considerations it entails. This examination comprises the use of an ethical decision-making framework to analyze four key aspects: relevant empirical facts, affected parties, salient moral values/disvalues, and potential options. In pondering these aspects, I identify the ethical conflicts arising from factual disagreements, conflicting interests, and divergent values/disvalues concerning players’ decision to partake in gridiron football. In addition to emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing such aspects and conflicts to devise potential solutions, I contend that ethical issues related to the permissibility of football ultimately stem from value-related conflicts, highlighting the necessity of examining and reconciling conflicting moral principles.
The landscape of RNA binding proteins in mammalian spermatogenesis
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Yuanyuan , Tan Yue-Qiu , Yue Qiuling , Guo Yueshuai , Yan Ruoyu , Meng Lanlan , Zhai Huicong , Tong Lingxiu , Yuan Zihan , Li Wu , Wang Cuicui , Han Shenglin , Ren Sen , Yan Yitong , Wang Weixu , Gao Lei , Tan Chen , Hu Tongyao , Zhang Hao , Liu Liya , Yang Pinglan , Jiang Wanyin , Ye Yiting , Tan Huanhuan , Wang Yanfeng , Lu Chenyu , Li Xin , Xie Jie , Yuan Gege , Cui Yiqiang , Shen Bin , Wang Cheng , Guan Yichun , Li Wei , Shi Qinghua , Lin Ge , Ni Ting , Sun Zheng , Ye Lan , Vourekas Anastasios , Guo Xuejiang , Lin Mingyan , Zheng Ke
Published: August 2024

Despite continuous expansion of the RNA binding protein (RBP) world, there is a lack of systematic understanding of RBPs in the mammalian testis, which harbors one of the most complex tissue transcriptomes. We adapted RNA interactome capture to mouse male germ cells, building an RBP atlas characterized by multiple layers of dynamics along spermatogenesis. Trapping of RNA–cross-linked peptides showed that the glutamic acid–arginine (ER) patch, a residue-coevolved polyampholytic element present in coiled coils, enhances RNA binding of its host RBPs. Deletion of this element in NONO (non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein) led to a defective mitosis-to-meiosis transition due to compromised NONO-RNA interactions. Whole-exome sequencing of over 1000 infertile men revealed a prominent role of RBPs in the human genetic architecture of male infertility and identified risk ER patch variants.
Stereodivergent access to non-natural α-amino acids via enantio- and
Z
/
E
-selective catalysis
Authors: Li Panpan , Zheng En , Li Guanlin , Luo Yicong , Huo Xiaohong , Ma Shengming , Zhang Wanbin
Published: August 2024

The precise control of
Z
and
E
configurations of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkene synthesis has long been a fundamental challenge in synthetic chemistry, even more pronounced when simultaneously striving to achieve enantioselectivity [(
Z
,
R
), (
Z
,
S
), (
E
,
R
), (
E
,
S
)]. Moreover, enantiopure non-natural α-amino acids are highly sought after in organic and medicinal chemistry. In this study, we report a ligand-controlled stereodivergent synthesis of non-natural α-quaternary amino acids bearing trisubstituted alkene moieties in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity and
Z
/
E
selectivities. This success is achieved through a palladium/copper–cocatalyzed three-component assembly of readily available aryl iodides, allenes, and aldimine esters by simply tuning the chiral ligands of the palladium and copper catalysts.
The marine biodiversity impact of the Late Miocene Mediterranean salinity crisis
Authors: Agiadi Konstantina , Hohmann Niklas , Gliozzi Elsa , Thivaiou Danae , Bosellini Francesca R. , Taviani Marco , Bianucci Giovanni , Collareta Alberto , Londeix Laurent , Faranda Costanza , Bulian Francesca , Koskeridou Efterpi , Lozar Francesca , Mancini Alan Maria , Dominici Stefano , Moissette Pierre , Campos Ildefonso Bajo , Borghi Enrico , Iliopoulos George , Antonarakou Assimina , Kontakiotis George , Besiou Evangelia , Zarkogiannis Stergios D. , Harzhauser Mathias , Sierro Francisco Javier , Coll Marta , Vasiliev Iuliana , Camerlenghi Angelo , García-Castellanos Daniel
Published: August 2024

Massive salt accumulations, or salt giants, have formed in highly restricted marine basins throughout geological history, but their impact on biodiversity has been only patchily studied. The salt giant in the Mediterranean Sea formed as a result of the restriction of its gateway to the Atlantic during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) 5.97 to 5.33 million years ago. Here, we quantify the biodiversity changes associated with the MSC based on a compilation of the Mediterranean fossil record. We conclude that 86 endemic species of the 2006 pre-MSC marine species survived the crisis, and that the present eastward-decreasing richness gradient in the Mediterranean was established after the MSC.
Vocal labeling of others by nonhuman primates
Authors: Oren Guy , Shapira Aner , Lifshitz Reuven , Vinepinsky Ehud , Cohen Roni , Fried Tomer , Hadad Guy P. , Omer David
Published: August 2024

Humans, dolphins, and elephants are the only known species that vocally label their conspecifics. It remains unclear whether nonhuman primates share this ability. We recorded spontaneous “phee-call” dialogues between pairs of marmoset monkeys. We discovered that marmosets use these calls to vocally label their conspecifics. Moreover, they respond more consistently and correctly to calls that are specifically directed at them. Analysis of calls from multiple monkeys revealed that family members use similar calls and acoustic features to label others and perform vocal learning. These findings shed light on the complexities of social vocalizations among nonhuman primates and suggest that marmoset vocalizations may provide a model for understanding aspects of human language, thereby offering new insights into the evolution of social communication.