bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Lipid Profiles and Cancer Risk in the Context of Obesity: Four Meta-Analyses
Authors: Melvin Jennifer C. , Holmberg Lars , Rohrmann Sabine , Loda Massimo , Van Hemelrijck Mieke
Published: January 2013

The objective here was to summarize the evidence for, and quantify the link between, serum markers of lipid metabolism and risk of obesity-related cancers. PubMed and Embase were searched using predefined inclusion criteria to conduct meta-analyses on the association between serum levels of TG, TC, HDL, ApoA-I, and risk of 11 obesity-related cancers. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using random-effects analyses. 28 studies were included. Associations between abnormal lipid components and risk of obesity-related cancers when using clinical cutpoints (TC≥6.50;TG≥1.71;HDL≤1.03;ApoA-I≤1.05 mmol/L) were apparent in all models. RRs were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.08–1.29) for TC, 1.20 (1.07–1.35) for TG, 1.15 (1.01–1.32) for HDL, and 1.42 (1.17–1.74) for ApoA-I. High levels of TC and TG, as well as low levels of HDL and ApoA-I, were consistently associated with increased risk of obesity-related cancers. The modest RRs suggest serum lipids to be associated with the risk of cancer, but indicate it is likely that other markers of the metabolism and/or lifestyle factors may also be involved. Future intervention studies involving lifestyle modification would provide insight into the potential biological role of lipid metabolism in tumorigenesis.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Gel-Type Electrolyte with Ionic Liquid Added for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Le-Yan , Chen Tien-Li , Chen Chih-Hao , Cho Kun-Ching
Published: January 2013

This study intends to develop the electrolyte needed in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Moreover, three different ionic liquids in different molalities are added to the gel-type electrolyte. Experimental results show that the DSSC composed of the gel-type electrolyte with no ionic liquid added can acquire 4.13% photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, the DSSC composed of the gel-type electrolyte with 0.4 M of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride added has an open-circuit voltage of 810 mV, a short-circuit current density of 9.56 mA/cm2, and photoelectric conversion efficiency reaching 4.89%. Comparing this DSSC with the DSSC with no ionic liquid added, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be enhanced by 18.4%. As to durability, the DSSC composed of the gel-type electrolyte with ionic liquid added still has a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3.28% on the 7th day after it is stored in an enclosed space and maintains 0.72% efficiency on the 14th day. When the proposed DSSC is compared with the DSSC prepared by using a liquid-type electrolyte, the durability of its photoelectric conversion efficiency can be increased by 7 times.
Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and History of Cervical Cancer among a US National Population
Authors: Penaranda Eribeth K. , Shokar Navkiran , Ortiz Melchor
Published: January 2013

The metabolic changes present in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been associated with increased risk of pancreatic and colon cancers; however, there is little information about the association between MetS and cervical cancer risk. We performed a case-control study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999–2010. We identified women 21 years of age and older, of which an estimated 585,924 (2.3% of the sample) self-reported a history of cervical cancer (cases). About half (48.6%) of cases and 33.2% of controls met criteria for MetS. Logistic regression analysis showed increased odds of history of cervical cancer among women with MetS (OR=1.9; 95% CI 1.06, 3.42;Pvalue ≤ 0.05) for the risk of history of cervical cancer among women with MetS while adjusting for other known risk factors (high number of lifetime sexual partners, multiparty, history of hormonal contraceptive use, and history of smoking) (AOR=1.82; 95% CI 1.02, 3.26;Pvalue ≤ 0.05). In this US surveyed population we found increased odds of history of cervical cancer among subjects with MetS.
Monocyte Signal Transduction Receptors in Active and Latent Tuberculosis
Authors: Druszczynska Magdalena , Wlodarczyk Marcin , Janiszewska-Drobinska Beata , Kielnierowski Grzegorz , Zawadzka Joanna , Kowalewicz-Kulbat Magdalena , Fol Marek , Szpakowski Piotr , Rudnicka Karolina , Chmiela Magdalena , Rudnicka Wieslawa
Published: January 2013

The mechanisms that promote either resistance or susceptibility to TB disease remain insufficiently understood. Our aim was to compare the expression of cell signaling transduction receptors, CD14, TLR2, CD206, andβ2 integrin LFA-1 on monocytes from patients with active TB or nonmycobacterial lung disease and healthy individuals withM.tblatency and uninfected controls to explain the background of the differences between clinical and subclinical forms ofM.tbinfection. A simultaneous increase in the expression of the membrane bound mCD14 receptor and LFA-1 integrin in patients with active TB may be considered a prodrome of breaking immune control byM.tbbacilli in subjects with the latent TB and absence of clinical symptoms.
Delayed Mental Nerve Neuralgia following Chin Augmentation
Authors: Wever Ineke , Hwang Sang , Choroomi Sim , Mooney William
Published: January 2013

This paper describes a case of mental nerve neuralgia following a traumatic dislodgement of a chin implant ten months after surgery. Our case is unusual, both in the specific complication and the patients' atypical representation—delayed and initially without mention of trauma. To the authors' knowledge, this case has not been reported previously in the literature. We review the complications of chin augmentation and the techniques for fixation and discuss implications for the preoperative disclosure with patients.
Effect of Pterygium Surgery on Tear Osmolarity
Authors: Türkyılmaz Kemal , Öner Veysi , Sevim Mehmet Şahin , Kurt Ali , Şekeryapan Berrak , Durmuş Mustafa
Published: January 2013

Purpose. To investigate changes of dry eye test results in patients who underwent pterygium surgery.Methods. Seventy-four patients who underwent primary pterygium surgery were enrolled in this study. At the baseline, 3-, 12-, and 18-month visits, measurements of tear osmolarity, BUT, and Schirmer test were performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium did not recur, and Group 2, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium recurred after surgery.Results. The patients in Group 1 had lower tear osmolarity levels after surgery than those at baseline (allP<0.001). In Group 2 the tear osmolarity levels did not differ from baseline after 18 months (P=0.057). The prevalence rates of dry eye syndrome (DES) were lower than that at baseline and 18 months after surgery in Group 1 (P=0.002). In Group 2, the incidence of DES was lower after 3 months than at baseline (P=0.03) but was similar to the baseline rate after 12 and 18 months (bothP>0.05).Conclusions. Anormal tear film function associated with pterygium. Pterygium excision improved tear osmolarity and tear film function. However, tear osmolarity deteriorated again with the recurrence of pterygium.
Successful Long-Term Use of Itraconazole for the Treatment ofAspergillusDiskospondylitis in a Dog
Authors: Van Wie Emiko , Chen Annie V. , Thomovsky Stephanie A. , Tucker Russell L.
Published: January 2013

A 5-year-old spayed female German shepherd dog was admitted with a history of generalized stiffness. Neurologic examination revealed mild paraparesis with multifocal spinal pain. Spinal radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed diskospondylitis at L6-7 and multiple sites throughout the thoracolumbar spine. Biopsy of the intervertebral disk at L6-7 revealed a positive culture forAspergillusspecies, and the dog was placed on itraconazole indefinitely. Clinical signs were significantly improved after two weeks of itraconazole. The dog was reevaluated 8 years later for unrelated reasons. No spinal pain was detected. Spinal radiographs revealed a fused L6-7 disk space and collapsed and sclerotic disk spaces at multiple sites. Itraconazole was tolerated by the dog with normal yearly liver enzyme values. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful long-term use of itraconazole for the treatment ofAspergillusdiskospondylitis in a dog.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Responses to Infection: A Common Denominator of Human and Bovine Macrophages Infected withMycobacterium aviumSubsp.paratuberculosis
Authors: Abendaño Naiara , Juste Ramon A. , Alonso-Hearn Marta
Published: January 2013

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(Map) is the causative agent of a chronic intestinal inflammation in ruminants named Johne's disease or paratuberculosis and a possible etiopathological agent of human Crohn's disease (CD). Analysis of macrophage transcriptomes in response toMapinfection is expected to provide key missing information in the understanding of the role of this pathogen in establishing an inappropriate and persistent infection in a susceptible host and of the molecular mechanisms that might underlie the early phases of CD. In this paper we summarize transcriptomic studies of human and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), and macrophages-like cell linesin vitroinfected withMap. Most studies included in this paper consistently reported common gene expression signatures of bovine and human macrophages in response toMapsuch as enhanced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-6, which promote bacterial survival. Overexpression of IL-10 could be responsible for theMap-associated reduction in the expression of the proapoptotic TNF-αgene observed in bovine and human macrophages.
Cytokine Pattern of T Lymphocytes in AcuteSchistosomiasis mansoniPatients following Treated Praziquantel Therapy
Authors: Silveira-Lemos Denise , Fernandes Costa-Silva Matheus , Cardoso de Oliveira Silveira Amanda , Azevedo Batista Mauricio , Alves Oliveira-Fraga Lúcia , Soares Silveira Alda Maria , Barbosa Alvarez Maria Carolina , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Gazzinelli Giovanni , Corrêa-Oliveira Rodrigo , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa
Published: January 2013

Acute schistosomiasis is associated with a primary exposure and is more commonly seen in nonimmune individuals traveling through endemic regions. In this study, we have focused on the cytokine profile of T lymphocytes evaluated in circulating leukocytes of acuteSchistosomiasis mansoni-infected patients (ACT group) before and after praziquantel treatment (ACT-TR group). Our data demonstrated increased values of total leukocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes in both groups. Interestingly, we have observed that patients treated with praziquantel showed increased values of lymphocytes as compared with noninfected group (NI) or ACT groups. Furthermore, a decrease of neutrophils in ACT-TR was observed when compared to ACT group. Analyses of short-termin vitrowhole blood stimulation demonstrated that, regardless of the presence of solubleSchistosoma mansonieggs antigen (SEA), increased synthesis of IFN-γand IL-4 by T-cells was observed in the ACT group. Analyses of cytokine profile in CD8 T cells demonstrated higher percentage of IFN-γand IL-4 cells in both ACT and ACT-TR groups apart from increased percentage of IL-10 cells only in the ACT group. This study is the first one to point out the relevance of CD8 T lymphocytes in the immune response induced during the acute phase of schistosomiasis.
Surgical Stress Induces an Amplified Inflammatory Response in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lin Edward , Gletsu-Miller Nana
Published: January 2013

Background. Morbid obesity is believed to be an extreme of the metabolic spectrum. Moreover, diabetes is hypothesized to be associated with a chronic inflammatory state that is not observed in nondiabetic healthy individuals. We investigated the differences in expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by surgical stress between diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Method. 39 morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (9 with type 2 diabetes mellitus) were compared with 8 nonobese euglycemic patients undergoing laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Cytokine levels for IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18 were measured 15 minutes before surgery and immediately after surgery. Results. IL-6 and IL-10 levels were elevated from baseline following surgery, but morbidly obese patients exhibited a much higher elevation than lean patients. Individuals with type 2 diabetes had the most pronounced IL-6 and IL-10 elevations. Baseline IL-18 levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic or lean patients. However, IL-18 levels were not changed in response to surgery. Conclusions. Diabetes and morbid obesity are associated with augmented cytokine expression in response to surgical trauma that is several folds higher than in nonobese euglycemic patients. Diabetic patients exhibit a chronic elevation in IL-18 that is not changed by surgical stress.
Design of an Ultra-Wideband Transition from Double-Sided Parallel Stripline to Coplanar Waveguide
Authors: Kim Young-Gon , Kim Kang Wook
Published: January 2013

A design method of an ultra-wideband transition from double-sided parallel stripline (DSPSL) to coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed based on analytical expressions of characteristic impedance. The conformal mapping is used to obtain the characteristic impedance for each section of the transition within 3.7% accuracy as compared with the EM simulation results. An efficient and clear guideline for the design of the transition is proposed. The implemented transition performs less than 0.6 dB insertion loss per transition for frequencies from 40 MHz to 12 GHz and less than 1.2 dB insertion loss to 27 GHz, which well exceeds the previous results in the literature.
Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusCarriage among Students at a Historically Black University: A Case Study
Authors: Shen Hua , Akoda Eyitayo , Zhang Kunyan
Published: January 2013

Background. Black people in the USA is afflicted with a higher rate of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection. This study determined the prevalence of MRSA carriage among black college students at a university setting.Methods. Hand and nasal swabs were collected and screened for MRSA by mannitol fermentation, coagulase, and DNase activities and their resistance to oxacillin. MRSA isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance pattern, genetic profile for staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) type, pulsed-field type, multilocus sequence type (ST), and the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene.Results. MRSA was isolated from 1 of the 312 (0.3%) hand swabs and 2 of the 310 (0.65%) nasal swabs, respectively. All isolates lack multidrug resistance and have type IV SCCmec, characteristic of community-associated MRSA. These isolates were a ST8-MRSA-IVa-PVL(+) (USA300 strain), a ST8-MRSA-IVb-PVL(−), and a new MLST, ST2562-MRSA-IV-PVL(−), identified in this study. These isolates were thus not transmitted among students.Conclusion. We found a low rate of MRSA carriage among students in a black university. Our finding highlights the need of future study which involves multiinstitutions and other ethnic group to assess the association of black race with MRSA carriage.
Stability Properties of Network Diversity Multiple Access with Multiple-Antenna Reception and Imperfect Collision Multiplicity Estimation
Authors: Samano-Robles Ramiro , Gameiro Atilio
Published: January 2013

In NDMA (network diversity multiple access), protocol-controlled retransmissions are used to create a virtual MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system, where collisions can be resolved via source separation. By using this retransmission diversity approach for collision resolution, NDMA is the family of random access protocols with the highest potential throughput. However, several issues remain open today in the modeling and design of this type of protocol, particularly in terms of dynamic stable performance and backlog delay. This paper attempts to partially fill this gap by proposing a Markov model for the study of the dynamic-stable performance of a symmetrical and non-blind NDMA protocol assisted by a multiple-antenna receiver. The model is useful in the study of stability aspects in terms of the backlog-user distribution and average backlog delay. It also allows for the investigation of the different states of the system and the transition probabilities between them. Unlike previous works, the proposed approach considers the imperfect estimation of the collision multiplicity, which is a crucial process to the performance of NDMA. The results suggest that NDMA improves not only the throughput performance over previous solutions, but also the average number of backlogged users, the average backlog delay and, in general, the stability of random access protocols. It is also shown that when multiuser detection conditions degrade, ALOHA-type backlog retransmission becomes relevant to the stable operation of NDMA.
Comparison of Gastric Relaxation and Sensory Functions between Functional Dyspepsia and Healthy Subjects Using Novel Drinking-Ultrasonography Test
Authors: Hata Tamotsu , Kato Mototsugu , Kudo Takahiko , Nishida Mutsumi , Nishida Urara , Imai Aki , Yoshida Takeshi , Hirota Jyojyo , Kamada Go , Ono Shouko , Nakagawa Manabu , Nakagawa Soichi , Shimizu Yuichi , Takeda Hiroshi , Asaka Masahiro
Published: January 2013

Background: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various upper abdominal symptoms. The major mechanism of FD includes impaired fundic accommodation, delayed gastric emptying and visceral hypersensitivity. We developed a novel drinking-ultrasonography test to combine a drink test with ultrasonography to assess gastric motility and sensory function of FD patients. Method: Subjects were 20 healthy volunteers and 26 successive FD patients according to the Rome III criteria. The subjects ingested 200 ml of water at 2-min intervals 4 times (total 800 ml) through a straw. The maximum cross section of the proximal stomach was visualized before water intake, after each water intake, and 5 and 10 min after the completion of drinking using extracorporeal ultrasonography. Abdominal symptoms were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) a total of 5 times. Results: The mean cross-sectional area of the fornix after 800 ml of water intake was significantly lower in the FD group compared with the control group. In the FD group, marked abdominal symptoms developed immediately after initiation of water intake, and VAS score differed significantly (p <0.01) between the control and FD groups at each time point. Conclusion: We developed the novel drinking-ultrasonography test which revealed abnormalities in gastric accommodation and sensation in patients with FD compared with healthy controls. This approach can be readily performed and allows the simultaneous evaluation of gastric accommodation, emptying and sensation.
Relationship between Narrow-Band Imaging Magnifying Observation and Pit Pattern Diagnosis in Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Hayashi  , Tanaka Shinji , Kanao Hiroyuki , Oka Shiro , Yoshida Shigeto , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: January 2013

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between narrow-band imaging (NBI) magnifying observation using the surface pattern as the main evaluation criterion and pit pattern diagnosis on the basis of magnifying observation using a dye in relation to the characteristics of colorectal tumors according to their morphologies. Methods: In this study, NBI observation and pit pattern diagnosis using a dye with magnifying observation were simultaneously performed in our hospital, and the consecutive 786 cases of colorectal lesions (hyperplasia, adenomata and early carcinomas) that had been endoscopically or surgically resected were retrospectively analyzed. NBI magnifying observation was in conformance with the Hiroshima classification and pit pattern diagnosis was in conformance with the Kudo and Tsuruta classification. The relationship between NBI magnifying observation and pit pattern diagnosis and that between NBI magnifying observation and the histological type/invasion depth were examined in relation to colorectal tumor morphology. Results: Type A corresponded to the type II pit pattern, type B corresponded to the type IIIS, type IIIL and type IV regular pit patterns, type C1 corresponded to the type VI slightly irregular pit pattern, type C2 corresponded to the type VI highly irregular pit pattern and type C3 corresponded to the type VN pit pattern. In the protruded type, the irregularity of type C1 or C2 lesions agreed with the type VI slightly or highly irregular pit pattern, respectively, in 114 cases (64.0%). Moreover, the irregularity was higher with NBI magnifying observation than with pit pattern diagnosis in 58 cases (32.6%). In the superficial type, the irregularity of type C1 or C2 lesions agreed with the type VI slightly or highly irregular pit pattern, respectively, in 63 cases (71.6%). Moreover, the irregularity was higher with NBI magnifying observation than with pit pattern diagnosis in 19 cases (21.6%). In the case of type C1 or C2 lesions, the irregularity tended to be higher with NBI magnifying observation than with pit pattern diagnosis in the protruded type compared to the superficial type (p = 0.087). Conclusion: The surface pattern, which was visible in NBI magnifying observation, differed from the pit pattern findings obtained by magnifying endoscopic observation using a dye. Findings were more detailed in pit pattern diagnosis using a dye than in NBI magnifying observation.
Interaction of Nutrition and Infections Globally: An Overview
Authors: Krawinkel M.B.
Published: January 2013

The interaction of nutrition and infections is known by experience by generations of medical doctors. Before the era of antibiotics, diet was an integral part of the management of infections. Now, it is necessary to take a fresh look at this interaction as the understanding of immune response has expanded considerably. Comparatively little research has addressed the impact of nutrition interventions on the management of infectious diseases. Most observations of the interaction between nutrition and infections are epidemiological in character. This holds especially true for measles as well as for tuberculosis. In AIDS, the deterioration of the nutritional status is an indicator of disease progression. Infections in undernourished children are a common cause of death, and taking this finding into account helps to reduce the case fatality rate in severely malnourished patients. Regarding the immune response, cellular as well as soluble components are affected by deficiencies of single nutrients or general undernutrition. The immunosuppressive effect of undernutrition starts during intrauterine life already: maternal nutrition status has been shown to impact on immune function in adult animals. Recent research suggests that not only undernutrition but also caloric overnutrition impacts on immune response to infections and immunization. This is partly due to the chronic inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue and partly due to neuroendocrine alterations. Infectious diseases also impact on the nutritional status, either specifically or through unspecific mechanisms, such as anorexia, tachypnea, and vomiting.
Global Burden of Maternal and Child Undernutrition and Micronutrient Deficiencies
Authors: Ahmed Tahmeed , Hossain Muttaquina , Sanin Kazi Istiaque
Published: January 2013

Maternal and child undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies affect approximately half of the world’s population. These conditions include intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight, protein-energy malnutrition, chronic energy deficit of women, and micronutrient deficiencies. Although the rates of stunting or chronic protein-energy malnutrition are increasing in Africa, the absolute numbers of stunted children are much higher in Asia. The four common micronutrient deficiencies include those of iron, iodine, vitamin A, and zinc. All these conditions are responsible directly or indirectly for more than 50% of all under-5 deaths globally. According to more recent estimates, IUGR, stunting and severe wasting are responsible for one third of under-5 mortality. About 12% of deaths among under-5 children are attributed to the deficiency of the four common micronutrients. Despite tremendous progress in different disciplines and unprecedented improvement with many health indicators, persistently high undernutrition rates are a shame to the society. Human development is not possible without taking care to control undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Poverty, food insecurity, ignorance, lack of appropriate infant and young child feeding practices, heavy burden of infectious illnesses, and poor hygiene and sanitation are factors responsible for the high levels of maternal and child undernutrition in developing countries. These factors can be controlled or removed by scaling up direct nutrition interventions and eliminating the root conditions including female illiteracy, lack of livelihoods, lack of women’s empowerment, and poor hygiene and sanitation.
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride Application Changes the Protein Composition of Human Acquired Enamel Pellicle
Authors: Masson N. , Domingues R.R. , Cury J.A. , Paes Leme A.F.
Published: January 2013

We evaluated, by proteomic analysis, whether the chemical changes provoked on enamel by acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application alter the protein composition of acquired enamel pellicle. Enamel slabs, pretreated with distilled water (negative control), phosphoric acid (active control) or APF solution, were immersed in human saliva for pellicle formation. The adsorbed proteins were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Fifty-six proteins were identified, 12 exclusive to APF and 11 to phosphoric acid. APF decreased the concentration of histatin-1, but increased the concentration of S100-A9, which is confirmed by immunoblotting. The findings suggest that APF application changes the acquired enamel pellicle composition.
Fibrocement slabs as useful tools to monitor juvenile reptiles: a study in a tortoise species
Authors: Ballouard Jean-Marie , Caron Sébastien , Lafon Thibaud , Servant Laure , Devaux Bernard , Bonnet Xavier
Published: January 2013

Most species of tortoises are seriously threatened worldwide. Chelonians are long-lived organisms characterized by slow demographic traits; mathematical modeling estimated that a high rate of juvenile annual survival (i.e. >0.6 on average) is essential for the persistence of populations. Unfortunately, current knowledge about free-ranging juveniles is fragmentary. Under field conditions, young tortoises are very secretive, they remain sheltered beneath bushes, and they escape capture. The resulting lack of information impairs the assessment of key parameters such as juvenile survival, habitat use, or recruitment rate and thus seriously impedes both accurate population viability analyses and conservation planning. Large-scale monitoring of different populations of a threatened species (Testudo hermanni hermanni) confirmed that juveniles are rarely seen in the field. In 2011, we placed corrugated fibrocement slabs as alternative refuges for small tortoises in a densely vegetated study site. Many juveniles sheltered under the space offered by the corrugations; consequently they were easily captured and recaptured. Our results suggest that this simple technique may significantly improve the detectability of juveniles, providing access to the life history traits of this otherwise elusive age cohort. The slabs also provide protection against predators (such as dogs and birds) which further suggests that these refuges may also improve the survival of the smallest and most vulnerable individuals.
A new species of Acantholochus (Cyclopoida, Bomolochidae) parasitic on the barred grunt Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes, Haemulidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Paschoal F. , Cezar A. D. , Luque J. L.
Published: January 2013

A new species of Acantholochus Cressey, 1984 (Cyclopoida, Bomolochidae), parasitic on the gills and opercular cavity of the barred grunt Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758), from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species differs from its congeners through a combination of characters that includes presence of lamellae on the spines on the third segment of the exopods of the third leg, the number of antennule segments, and the presence of one seta on the second endopodal segment of the third leg.
Tanaidacea (Peracarida) from Brazil. V. Two new species of Apseudes Leach, 1814 from the northeastern coast of Brazil
Authors: Araújo-Silva C. L. , Coelho P. A. , Larsen K.
Published: January 2013

Collections made during the REVIZEE program along the continental shelf, oceanic banks of the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha and the North Chain Banks of Brazil, revealed a number of tanaidaceans species belonging to the genus Apseudes (Apseudidae). Two new species, Apseudes noronhensis and A. aisoe, are described here as is the first record of the genus Apseudes in Brazilian waters. Several diagnostic characters attributed to Muramurina were found during this study to be inconsistent and Muramurina is here suggested as being a junior synonym of Apseudes.
Estimation of abundance and spatial distribution of Panulirus argus using different methodologies in artificial shelter, trap and coral reef fisheries
Authors: Cruz Raúl , Borda Carlos A.
Published: January 2013

Estimates of spiny lobster stocks (Panulirus argus Latreille, 1804) represent a fundamental input for population assessment models and are, therefore, indispensable for proper management. In this study we analysed methodologies employed in the Gulf of Batabanó (Cuba) and Providencia and Santa Catalina (Colombian Caribbean) to estimate abundance (N) and stock productivity. We found evidence that the relative abundance (CPUE) for trap-like jaulones and skin diving in natural shelters was likely to remain high despite the decline in abundance (hyperstability). In contrast, the proportionality between CPUE and N was satisfactory in artificial shelters (Cuban pesqueros). Stock productivity was greater for jaulones (22 288 kg/km2) than for pesqueros (1309 kg/km2) or natural shelters (15.25 kg/km2), reflecting differences in the productive capacity of each type of fishing gear. In natural shelters the exploitable biomass is under great fishing pressure and the reproductive stock is likely to decrease. Thus, the West zone of Providencia and Santa Catalina, characterized by high-density seagrass and mangrove, should be designated a marine protection area to prevent a lobster fishing collapse. The most effective measure to revert the lobster fishing collapse in Cuba would be to ban the use of jaulones and liftable pesqueros, thereby reducing fishing intensity.
Memory, Orality, and the Fourth Gospel: Three Dead-Ends in Historical Jesus Research
Authors: Foster Paul
Published: January 2013

Three recent approaches to historical Jesus studies are assessed in this article. First, the use of memory studies as a means of validating the historical authenticity of Gospel traditions. Secondly, claims that Gospel traditions should be understood as primarily reaching the evangelists orally, and that this process provides greater confidence in the historicity of such traditions. Thirdly, the Fourth Gospel is seen in some quarters as an important source in historical Jesus research based upon new paradigms and radical redefinitions of historicity. Contrary to such claims, here it is argued that for a series of different reasons that none of these methods offers any significant advance in accessing the ‘historical Jesus’, as that term is usually understood. This is not to say that the methods are without value. Rather, it is the over-confident application of such approaches to the ‘historical Jesus question’ that is critiqued. This is especially the case when it is claimed that they provide a key methodological break-through, enabling reclamation of more Gospel traditions as being securely founded in the ministry of the historical Jesus.
Guarding Entry to the Kingdom: The Place of Eunuchs in Mt. 19.12
Authors: Llewelyn Stephen R. , Wearne Gareth J. , Sanderson Bianca L.
Published: January 2013

The article argues that, contrary to the majority view, the metaphor of the eunuch in Mt. 19.12 should be understood against the backdrop of the royal eunuch, as encountered in story, if not in experience. As such the saying must be situated with other sayings that speak of entry to the Kingdom. The change of the metaphor’s focus from that of guardian/gatekeeper to that of sexualized trope, as it is now met in Matthew, was facilitated by the saying’s performance to a new audience, i.e. to a Greek-speaking rather than Semitic-speaking audience. At the same time the saying was repunctuated to idealize the last class of eunuch who now became the model of chastity within the ekklesia.
Molecular phylogenetic relationships of the Liolaemus rothi complex and a new species of lizard from Auca Mahuida Volcano (Squamata: Liolaemini)
Authors: AVILA LUCIANO JAVIER , OLAVE MELISA , PEREZ CRISTIAN HERNAN FULVIO , PEREZ DANIEL ROBERTO , MORANDO MARIANA
Published: January 2013

A new species of lizard of the genus Liolaemus from Neuquén Province, western Argentina, is described. The new species is a member of the Liolaemus rothi species complex, and mitochondrial and nuclear molecular data show it as sister taxon of the clade composed of (L. hermannunezi (L. tromen + L. loboi)), differing in size, squamation, coloration, and sexual dimorphism from the other species of this group. Liolaemus sitesi sp. nov. has a dark body coloration with series of notched blotches on the dorsum, with bright spots, and a very iridescent yellow-green coloration in natural light. Liolaemus sitesi sp. nov. is found only in the Auca Mahuida volcano and is terrestrial, dwelling on the stony slopes with sandy soil between 1300 m  and the volcano summit.
Two new species of the genus Atractides KOCH, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae) from Belarus
Authors: CICHOCKA MARIA , BIESIADKA EUGENIUSZ
Published: January 2013

Descriptions of males, females and larvae of two new species of water mites from Belarus, Atractides albaruthenicus sp. nov. and A. svislocensis sp. nov., are presented.
The identity of Rana lutea Molina, 1782 (Amphibia, Anura)
Authors: FERRARO DAIANA P. , LAVILLA ESTEBAN O.
Published: January 2013

Rana lutea is one of the two anuran species described in 1782 by the Chilean born priest and naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina, and its nomenclatural history is confusing. After a detailed revision of the pertinent literature, we demonstrate that Bufo thaul Schneider, 1799, is a junior objective synonym of Rana lutea Molina, 1782, but based on the usage of both nomina, we revert the precedence and consider Rana lutea Molina, 1782 as a nomen oblitum whereas Bufo thaul Schneider, 1799 is a nomen protectum. Thus, the authorship of the species currently known as Pleurodema thaul (Lesson, 1826) changes to Pleurodema thaul (Schneider, 1799).
New species of Cerambycidae from Panama, with new distribution records (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: BEZARK LARRY G. , TYSON WILLIAM H. , SCHIFF NATHAN M.
Published: January 2013

Two new species of Cerambycidae, Tessaropa elizabeth Bezark, sp. nov. (subfamily Cerambycinae, tribe Methiini ) and Anelaphus cordiforme Tyson, sp. nov. (subfamily Cerambycinae, tribe Elaphidiini), are described from the western part of the Darien, Panama. Nine new country records for Panama are reported for the following species: Adetus linsleyi Martins & Galileo, Estola strandiella Breuning, Nubosoplatus inbio Swift, Paranisopodus heterotarsus Monné & Martins, Pempteurys sericans Bates, Rosalba costaricensis (Melzer), Tomopterus brevicornis Giesbert, Psapharochrus nigricans (Lameere), and Oedudes bifasciata (Bates).
Reification, Matrices, and the Interrelationships of Goblin Spiders
Authors: PLATNICK NORMAN I.
Published: January 2013

In a recent review of the interrelationships of goblin spiders (the family Oonopidae), Platnick et al. (2012) presented a new subfamily-level classification of the family, replacing older arrangements that included at least one paraphyletic group. That analysis was based heavily on new evidence obtained, by an international consortium of researchers, through scanning electron microscopy of the tarsal organs, tiny chemoreceptors found near the tips of the legs and pedipalps.
Tetrafulgoria, a new generic replacement name for fossil Tetragonidium Bode, 1953 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoridiidae) non Pascher, 1914
Authors: DOWELD ALEXANDER B.
Published: January 2013

A new name for the extinct planthopper genus—Tetrafulgoria nom. nov. is proposed to replace preoccupied name Tetragonidium Pascher, 1914 (Protista).
Discrimination of the bumble bee species Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby by morphometric, colour and RAPD variation
Authors: OWEN ROBIN E. , WHIDDEN TROY L.
Published: January 2013

The taxonomic status of B. terricola Kirby and B. occidentalis Greene has long been questioned. However recent COI gene sequence data suggests that B. occidentalis and B. terricola do represent good biological species. In this paper we test the hypothesis that B. terricola and B. occidentalis are conspecific by using independent morphometric and genetic (RAPD) data. For comparison we also analyzed one consubgeneric species, B. moderatus (now B. crytptarum), and one non-consubgeneric species B. (Pyrobombus) perplexus. Discriminant function analysis of wing morphometric data correctly classified over 85% of the specimens of B. occidentalis and B. terricola. Analysis of molecular variance of the RAPD data showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between B. occidentalis and B. terricola. Colour variation from laboratory reared colonies of B. occidentalis suggests that probably two gene locus inheritance is likely but that hybridization as the sole basis for the colour variation seen in the nominate taxon B. occidentalis can be excluded. We conclude that B. terricola and B. occidentalis should be regarded as distinct species which have recently diverged, and that they can be distinguished by wing morphometrics and RAPD genotypes. Where they are sympatric (e.g. in Alberta) colour pattern variation is confined to B. occidentalis.
A new species of freshwater shrimp of the genus Micratya (Decapoda: Atyidae: Caridea) from Puerto Rico
Authors: KARGE ANDREAS , PAGE TIMOTHY J. , KLOTZ WERNER
Published: January 2013

The atyid genus Micratya Bouvier, 1913 was previously considered to be monotypic. The area in which the genus is dis-tributed is limited to the islands of the Antilles and Central America, with the type locality of Micratya poeyi being in Cuba. A recent molecular phylogenetic analysis of atyid shrimps from the Caribbean indicated the probable existence of a second species of Micratya from samples collected in Puerto Rico. Here it is described as the new species Micratya cooki sp. nov., differing from its congener in the armature of the dactyli on the fifth pereiopod, the uropodal diaeresis, the distal margin of the telson and by the spinulation of the appendix masculina in male specimens. Because the type specimens of M. poeyi are most probably lost, a neotype for M. poeyi was designated.
A Probabilistic Bulk Model of Coupled Mixed Layer and Convection. Part I: Clear-Sky Case
Authors: Gentine Pierre , Betts Alan K. , Lintner Benjamin R. , Findell Kirsten L. , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , Tzella Alexandra , D’Andrea Fabio
Published: January 2013

A new bulk model of the convective boundary layer, the probabilistic bulk convection model (PBCM), is presented. Unlike prior bulk approaches that have modeled the mixed-layer-top buoyancy flux as a constant fraction of the surface buoyancy flux, PBCM implements a new mixed-layer-top entrainment closure based on the mass flux of updrafts overshooting the inversion. This mass flux is related to the variability of the surface state (potential temperature θ and specific humidity q) of an ensemble of updraft plumes. The authors evaluate the model against observed clear-sky weak and strong inversion cases and show that PBCM performs well. The height, state, and timing of the boundary layer growth are accurately reproduced. Sensitivity studies are performed highlighting the role of the main parameters (surface variances, lateral entrainment). The model is weakly sensitive to the exact specification of the variability at the surface and is most sensitive to the lateral entrainment of environmental air into the rising plumes. Apart from allowing time-dependent top-of-the-boundary-layer entrainment rates expressed in terms of surface properties, which can be observed in situ, PBCM naturally takes into account the transition to the shallow convection regime, as described in a companion paper. Thus, PBCM represents an important step toward a unified framework bridging parameterizations of mixed-layer entrainment velocity in both clear-sky and moist convective boundary layers.
Seasonal Variation and Spatial Patterns of the Atmospheric Component of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Authors: Mills Catrin M. , Walsh John E.
Published: January 2013

The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like climate oscillation that varies on multidecadal and higher-frequency scales, with a sea surface temperature (SST) dipole in the Pacific. This study addresses the seasonality, vertical structure, and across-variable relationships of the local North Pacific and downstream North American atmospheric signal of the PDO. The PDO-based composite difference fields of 500-mb geopotential height, surface air temperature, sea level pressure, and precipitation vary not only across seasons, but also from one calendar month to another within a season, although month-to-month continuity is apparent. The most significant signals occur in western North America and in the southeastern United States, where a positive PDO is associated with negative heights, consistent with underlying temperatures in the winter. In summer, a negative precipitation signal in the southeastern United States associated with a positive PDO phase is consistent with a ridge over the region. When an annual harmonic is fit to the 12 monthly surface air temperature differences at each grid point, the PDO temperature signal peaks in winter in most of North America, while a peak in summer occurs in the southeastern United States. Approximately 25% of the variance of the PDO index is accounted for by ENSO. Atmospheric composite differences based on a residual (ENSO linearly removed) PDO index have many similarities to those of the full PDO signal.
Trends in Land–Atmosphere Interactions from CMIP5 Simulations
Authors: Dirmeyer Paul A. , Jin Yan , Singh Bohar , Yan Xiaoqin
Published: January 2013

Data from 15 models of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for preindustrial, historical, and future climate change experiments are examined for consensus changes in land surface variables, fluxes, and metrics relevant to land–atmosphere interactions. Consensus changes in soil moisture and latent heat fluxes for past-to-present and present-to-future periods are consistent with CMIP3 simulations, showing a general drying trend over land (less soil moisture, less evaporation) over most of the globe, with the notable exception of high northern latitudes during winter. Sensible heat flux and net radiation declined from preindustrial times to current conditions according to the multimodel consensus, mainly due to increasing aerosols, but that trend reverses abruptly in the future projection. No broad trends are found in soil moisture memory except for reductions during boreal winter associated with high-latitude warming and diminution of frozen soils. Land–atmosphere coupling is projected to increase in the future across most of the globe, meaning a greater control by soil moisture variations on surface fluxes and the lower troposphere. There is also a strong consensus for a deepening atmospheric boundary layer and diminished gradients across the entrainment zone at the top of the boundary layer, indicating that the land surface feedback on the atmosphere should become stronger both in absolute terms and relative to the influence of the conditions of the free atmosphere. Coupled with the trend toward greater hydrologic extremes such as severe droughts, the land surface seems likely to play a greater role in amplifying both extremes and trends in climate on subseasonal and longer time scales.
A Physically Based Runoff Routing Model for Land Surface and Earth System Models
Authors: Li Hongyi , Wigmosta Mark S. , Wu Huan , Huang Maoyi , Ke Yinghai , Coleman André M. , Leung L. Ruby
Published: January 2013

A new physically based runoff routing model, called the Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport (MOSART), has been developed to be applicable across local, regional, and global scales. Within each spatial unit, surface runoff is first routed across hillslopes and then discharged along with subsurface runoff into a “tributary subnetwork” before entering the main channel. The spatial units are thus linked via routing through the main channel network, which is constructed in a scale-consistent way across different spatial resolutions. All model parameters are physically based, and only a small subset requires calibration. MOSART has been applied to the Columbia River basin at ⅙°, ⅛°, ¼°, and ½° spatial resolutions and was evaluated using naturalized or observed streamflow at a number of gauge stations. MOSART is compared to two other routing models widely used with land surface models, the River Transport Model (RTM) in the Community Land Model (CLM) and the Lohmann routing model, included as a postprocessor in the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model package, yielding consistent performance at multiple resolutions. MOSART is further evaluated using the channel velocities derived from field measurements or a hydraulic model at various locations and is shown to be capable of producing the seasonal variation and magnitude of channel velocities reasonably well at different resolutions. Moreover, the impacts of spatial resolution on model simulations are systematically examined at local and regional scales. Finally, the limitations of MOSART and future directions for improvements are discussed.