bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Preparation Method on the Properties of Eugenol-Doped Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Sol-Gel Coating on Titanium (Ti) Substrates
Authors: Both Julia , Fülöp Anita-Petra , Szabó Gabriella Stefania , Katona Gabriel , Ciorîță Alexandra , Mureșan Liana Maria
Published: August 2023

The focus of this study was the preparation of sol–gel titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings, by the dip-coating technique, on Ti6Al4V (TiGr5) and specific Ti implant substrates. In order to confer antibacterial properties to the layers, Eugenol was introduced in the coatings in two separate ways: firstly by introducing the Eugenol in the sol (Eug–TiO2), and secondly by impregnating into the already deposed TiO2 coating (TiO2/Eug). Optimization of Eugenol concentration as well as long term were performed in orderboth short- and long-term Eugenol concentration was performed to investigate the prepared samples thoroughly. The samples were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves (PDP). To investigate their resistance against Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria, microbiological analysis was performed on coatings prepared on glass substrates. Structural studies (FT-IR analysis, Raman spectroscopy) were performed to confirm Eugenol–TiO2 interactions. Coating thicknesses and adhesion were also determined for all samples. The results show that Eug–TiO2 presented with improved anticorrosive effects and significant antibacterial properties, compared to the other investigated samples.
Fluorescent-Nanoparticle-Impregnated Nanocomposite Polymeric Gels for Biosensing and Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Gandla Kumaraswamy , Kumar K. Praveen , Rajasulochana P. , Charde Manoj Shrawan , Rana Ritesh , Singh Laliteshwar Pratap , Haque M. Akiful , Bakshi Vasudha , Siddiqui Falak A. , Khan Sharuk L. , Ganguly S.
Published: August 2023

Nanocomposite polymeric gels infused with fluorescent nanoparticles have surfaced as a propitious category of substances for biomedical purposes owing to their exceptional characteristics. The aforementioned materials possess a blend of desirable characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug encapsulation, controlled release capabilities, and optical properties that are conducive to imaging and tracking. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and characterization of fluorescent-nanoparticle-impregnated nanocomposite polymeric gels, as well as their biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, imaging, and tissue engineering. In this discourse, we deliberate upon the merits and obstacles linked to these substances, encompassing biocompatibility, drug encapsulation, optical characteristics, and scalability. The present study aims to provide an overall evaluation of the potential of fluorescent-nanoparticle-impregnated nanocomposite polymeric gels for biomedical applications. Additionally, emerging trends and future directions for research in this area are highlighted.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Tobacco Plants in Response to Whitefly Infection
Authors: Wang Xin , Ye Zhuang-Xin , Wang Yi-Zhe , Wang Xiao-Jing , Chen Jian-Ping , Huang Hai-Jian
Published: August 2023

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the most destructive pests worldwide, and causes tremendous economic losses. Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum serves as a model organism for studying fundamental biological processes and is severely damaged by whiteflies. Hitherto, our knowledge of how tobacco perceives and defends itself against whiteflies has been scare. In this study, we analyze the gene expression patterns of tobacco in response to whitefly infestation. A total of 244 and 2417 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 12 h and 24 h post whitefly infestation, respectively. Enrichment analysis demonstrates that whitefly infestation activates plant defense at both time points, with genes involved in plant pattern recognition, transcription factors, and hormonal regulation significantly upregulated. Notably, defense genes are more intensely upregulated at 24 h post infestation than at 12 h, indicating an increased immunity induced by whitefly infestation. In contrast, genes associated with energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, ribosomes, and photosynthesis are suppressed, suggesting impaired plant development. Taken together, our study provides comprehensive insights into how plants respond to phloem-feeding insects, and offers a theoretical basis for better research on plant–insect interactions.
Twenty-Two Years of GPS Monitoring at Rabaul Caldera, a Narrative History
Authors: Saunders Steve , Tenor Eric , Wakawa Joseph , Nohou John
Published: August 2023

It has long been recognised that volcanoes deform as fluids migrate, or change pressure in fractures and reservoirs within the volcano or in the crust below and around them. Calderas in particular have been shown to deform in complex and often major ways. The Rabaul Caldera is a type example of a caldera that undergoes complex and occasionally rapid deformation. This was first recognised by visual observations, and by the 1970s these movements were being monitored by traditional surveying techniques. Between 1972 and 1994, the centre of the caldera was uplifted by approximately 2 m. Following the 1994 eruption, it was indirectly found that parts of the caldera were uplifted ~6 m in the final hours before the eruption. It was realized that ‘real-time’ monitoring of the uplift may have given a better warning that an eruption was imminent. Traditional surveying techniques are time consuming; in the late 1990s, the only option for real-time monitoring was a Global Positioning System (GPS). By early 2000, a real-time GPS system was working at Rabaul Volcanological Observatory (RVO). Twenty-two years of continually recording differential GPS or Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) has proven the technique to be of immense importance. Often it has been the only parameter showing that unrest is happening. At times, inflation and deflation have warned of impending activity or recorded the emptying of the system; at other times, patterns of deformation have been more difficult to interpret. The technique has proven its worth in monitoring the status or general ‘health’ of the caldera, but for more precise forecasts it can only form part of an integrated monitoring system. Current testing of much cheaper receivers and improvements in telemetry mean the technique may soon be available for the more remote volcanoes of Papua New Guinea.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Gut Microbiota: Exploring the Complex Interplay and Implications for Human Health
Authors: Akter Shamima , Tasnim Sa’dia , Barua Rashu , Choubey Mayank , Arbee Shahida , Mohib Mohammad Mohabbulla , Minhaz Naofel , Choudhury Ajanta , Sarker Pallab , Mohiuddin Mohammad Sarif
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to significant global health implications. Although the respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 are widely recognized, emerging evidence suggests that the disease may also significantly affect the gut microbiota, the intricate community of bacteria that lives within the gastrointestinal system. This extensive article intends to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the gut microbiota, examining the underlying mechanisms, clinical implications, and potential therapeutic interventions. Understanding the complex interactions between COVID-19 and the gut microbiota will help us to gain valuable insights into the broader consequences of this viral infection on human health.
Evaluation of Outreach of Community Pharmacists in Public Health Services in Al-Jouf Region of Saudi Arabia: Findings and Implications
Authors: Alzarea Abdulaziz Ibrahim , Khan Yusra Habib , Alanazi Abdullah Salah , Alotaibi Nasser Hadal , Alzarea Sami I. , Almalki Ziyad Saeed , Alqahtani Saad S. , Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain
Published: August 2023

Background: Diversifying the conventional role of community pharmacists from dispensing to involvement in public health services could help in optimized patient care and ultimately good health practices. The current study aimed to ascertain the involvement of community pharmacists, barriers to involvement, their preparedness towards the provision of public health services in the future, and effective strategies to improve their existing role, especially in remote areas of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Al-Jouf region of Saudi Arabia (KSA), between January to April 2023. A convenient sampling technique was used to recruit community pharmacists (CPs). A self-designed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The relative importance index (RII) was utilized to rank the barriers to participation in public health services. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS. Results: This study recruited 119 participants (mean age: 32.2 ± 7.9; male gender: 67.2%). Of these, 91.6% were involved in the provision of public health services at community pharmacies. Majority of CPs (n = 114/119, 95.8%) provided drug use-related written information to the patients, and the least practiced service was screening of dyslipidemia (n = 81; 68.1%). According to RII, the major barrier was the lack of time given by patients (RII: 0.812). Overall, the majority of the pharmacists (n = 94/119; 79%) were willing to provide public health services. Most of the CPs reported that empowerment through education and awareness (n = 100/119; 84%) is most effective strategy to enhance the involvement of pharmacists in public health services. Conclusions: Findings of the present study underscored the adequate participation of community pharmacists in public health activities. Further studies are required in other remote regions of KSA to get a clear insight into the overall participation of community pharmacists in public health services and generalize the findings.
Digging through Databases—A Case Study of Iron Age Sites in Finland by Generating and Analysing Keywords
Authors: Roiha Johanna , Holopainen Markus
Published: August 2023

The primary purpose of this study is to open the discussion of FAIR principles in Finnish archaeology. This topic has not yet been actively discussed in Finnish archaeology. In this study, we were testing whether adding keywords could increase the reusability of the Register of Ancient Sites, as the reusability level of the current register is low. The case study focuses on creating an overview of the Iron Age sites in the Itä-Häme area. Keywords were added for all of the 585 archaeological sites in the study area, based on field reports and find catalogues. After giving keywords to all of the sites, it was possible to make queries from the register and form a new, more detailed overview of the Iron Age sites in the Itä-Häme area. Our study revealed mistakes and ambiguities in the register, but adding keywords increased its reusability. However, it cannot solve the main issue: basic research has not been carried out extensively enough in Finland. Based on the overview, it can be seen that Itä-Häme was an active and important area in the Iron Age, and an especially meaningful possible new site type was identified; however, more research in this area is needed.
Metabolomics Reveals Specific Metabolic Changes in Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.) Subjected to Postharvest Treatment with Melatonin after Mechanical Stress
Authors: Hernández Ignacia , Ponce Excequel , Vidal Juan , Chirinos Rosana , Campos David , Pedreschi Romina , Fuentealba Claudia
Published: August 2023

Sweet cherry may develop surface pitting during prolonged cold storage, and susceptibility among varieties is related to metabolites in response to cold and mechanical damage. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic changes in sweet cherry fruits subjected to melatonin treatment and induced surface pitting. Melatonin (400 µM) was applied to sweet cherries before pitting induction and then stored at 1 °C for 20 d. Melatonin treatment attenuated the severity of pitting damage during cold storage, with an average severity value of 3.1 for cherries with melatonin and 2.6 without melatonin. In addition, melatonin application appeared to modulate metabolic responses due to the regulation of metabolic pathways related to abiotic stress. Upregulation of different secondary metabolites was observed after 16 h of melatonin treatment and cold storage. Moreover, some metabolites of the sphingolipid and sulfur metabolism were upregulated after 10 d. This research is the first to show that melatonin may influence the response of sweet cherries to cold and mechanical damage.
Evaluating the Classification Accuracy of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Calculated Polygenic Risk Scores in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Brookes Keeley J.
Published: August 2023

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) hold promise for the early identification of those at risk from neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), allowing for intervention to occur prior to neuronal damage. The current selection of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to generate the risk scores is based on the modelling of large genome-wide association data using significance thresholds. However, the biological relevance of these SNPs is largely unknown. This study, in contrast, aims to identify SNPs with biological relevance to AD and then assess them for their ability to accurately classify cases and controls. Samples selected from the Brains for Dementia Research (BDR) were used to produce gene expression data to identify potential expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) relevant to AD. These SNPs were then incorporated into a PRS model to classify AD and controls in the full BDR cohort. Models derived from these eQTLs demonstrate modest classification potential with an accuracy between 61% and 67%. Although the model accuracy is not as high as some values in the literature based on significance thresholds from genome-wide association studies, these models may reflect a more biologically relevant model, which may provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Old and New Adjunctive Therapies in Celiac Disease and Refractory Celiac Disease: A Review
Authors: Valvano Marco , Fabiani Stefano , Monaco Sabrina , Calabrò Mauro , Mancusi Antonio , Frassino Sara , Rolandi Claudia , Mosca Marta , Faenza Susanna , Sgamma Emanuele , Cesaro Nicola , Latella Giovanni
Published: August 2023

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten in a genetically susceptible individual. Currently, a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only recommended treatment. However, unintentional gluten ingestion or a persistent villous atrophy with malabsorption (regardless of a strict GFD) as in the case of Refractory Celiac Disease (RCD) represents a major issue. In this review, we have analysed and discussed data from both randomized controlled trials and observational studies concerning adjunctive therapies as well as novel therapies for the treatment of CD and RCD. The literature search was carried out through Medline and Scopus. In total, 2268 articles have been identified and 49 were included in this review (36 studies resulting from the search strategy and 13 from other sources). Today, GFD remains the only effective treatment, although steroids, mesalamine, and more recently biological therapies have found space in the complex management of RCD. Currently, studies evaluating the effectiveness of novel therapies are still limited and preliminary results have been controversial.
A Large-Scale Candidate-Gene Association Mapping for Drought Tolerance and Agronomic Traits in Sugarcane
Authors: Wirojsirasak Warodom , Songsri Patcharin , Jongrungklang Nakorn , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke , Klomsa-ard Peeraya , Ukoskit Kittipat
Published: August 2023

Dissection of the genetic loci controlling drought tolerance traits with a complex genetic inheritance is important for drought-tolerant sugarcane improvement. In this study, we conducted a large-scale candidate gene association study of 649 candidate genes in a sugarcane diversity panel to identify genetic variants underlying agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices evaluated in plant cane and ratoon cane under water-stressed (WS) and non-stressed (NS) environments. We identified 197 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) in 141 candidate genes associated with 18 evaluated traits with the Bonferroni correction threshold (α = 0.05). Out of the total, 95 MTAs in 78 candidate genes and 62 MTAs in 58 candidate genes were detected under NS and WS conditions, respectively. Most MTAs were found only in specific water regimes and crop seasons. These MTAs explained 7.93–30.52% of phenotypic variation. Association mapping results revealed that 34, 59, and 104 MTAs involved physiological and molecular adaptation, phytohormone metabolism, and drought-inducible genes. They identified 19 pleiotropic genes associated with more than one trait and many genes related to drought tolerance indices. The genetic and genomic resources identified in this study will enable the combining of yield-related traits and sugar-related traits with agronomic value to optimize the yield of sugarcane cultivars grown under drought-stressed and non-stressed environments.
Microglia and p38 MAPK Inhibitors Suppress Development of Mechanical Allodynia in Both Sexes in a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Alhadlaq Maryam W. , Masocha Willias
Published: August 2023

Microglia activation in the spinal cord play a major role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates microglia activation. Previously, 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), was found to induce mechanical allodynia and microglia activation in the spinal cords of male and female mice. In this study, we investigated the role of spinal microglia and p38 MAPK signaling in the development of mechanical allodynia using immunofluorescence staining and treatment with microglia and p38 MAPK inhibitors in both sexes. Male and female mice (BALB/c strain) treated intraperitoneally once daily with ddC 25 mg/kg for five consecutive days developed mechanical allodynia, assessed using the dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. Treatment with ddC increased microglia markers CD11b and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) staining intensity in male mice, while only CD11b was increased in female mice. Both sexes had increased phosphorylated p38 MAPK staining intensity. The administration of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia activation, and adezmapimod, a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, suppressed mechanical allodynia in both sexes at day 7 after ddC treatment. Therefore, microglia activation and p38 MAPK signaling are important for the development of antiretroviral drug-induced mechanical allodynia.
Chronic Stress That Changed Intestinal Permeability and Induced Inflammation Was Restored by Estrogen
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wan Huayun , Ma Ruiqin , Liu Tianya , Chen Yaoxing , Dong Yulan
Published: August 2023

Chronic psychological stress affects the health of humans and animals (especially females or pregnant bodies). In this study, a stress-induced model was established by placing eight-week-old female and pregnant mice in centrifuge tubes for 4 h to determine whether chronic stress affects the intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota composition of pregnant mice. Compared with the control group, we found that norepinephrine (NE), corticosterone (CORT), and estradiol (E2) in plasma increased significantly in the stress group. We then observed a decreased down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which resulted in colonic mucosal injury, including a reduced number of goblet cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, caspase-3, and expression of tight junction mRNA and protein. Moreover, the diversity and richness of the colonic microbiota decreased in pregnant mice. Bacteroidetes decreased, and pernicious bacteria were markedly increased. At last, we found E2 protects the intestinal epithelial cells after H2O2 treatment. Results suggested that 25 pg/mL E2 provides better protection for intestinal barrier after chronic stress, which greatly affected the intestinal mucosal barrier and altered the colonic microbiota composition.
The ε-Isozyme of Protein Kinase C (PKCε) Is Impaired in ALS Motor Cortex and Its Pulse Activation by Bryostatin-1 Produces Long Term Survival in Degenerating SOD1-G93A Motor Neuron-like Cells
Authors: La Cognata Valentina , D’Amico Agata Grazia , Maugeri Grazia , Morello Giovanna , Guarnaccia Maria , Magrì Benedetta , Aronica Eleonora , Alkon Daniel L. , D’Agata Velia , Cavallaro Sebastiano
Published: August 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disease, characterized by a progressive depletion of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) in the brain and spinal cord. The aberrant regulation of several PKC-mediated signal transduction pathways in ALS has been characterized so far, describing either impaired expression or altered activity of single PKC isozymes (α, β, ζ and δ). Here, we detailed the distribution and cellular localization of the ε-isozyme of protein kinase C (PKCε) in human postmortem motor cortex specimens and reported a significant decrease in both PKCε mRNA (PRKCE) and protein immunoreactivity in a subset of sporadic ALS patients. We furthermore investigated the steady-state levels of both pan and phosphorylated PKCε in doxycycline-activated NSC-34 cell lines carrying the human wild-type (WT) or mutant G93A SOD1 and the biological long-term effect of its transient agonism by Bryostatin-1. The G93A-SOD1 cells showed a significant reduction of the phosphoPKCε/panPKCε ratio compared to the WT. Moreover, a brief pulse activation of PKCε by Bryostatin-1 produced long-term survival in activated G93A-SOD1 degenerating cells in two different cell death paradigms (serum starvation and chemokines-induced toxicity). Altogether, the data support the implication of PKCε in ALS pathophysiology and suggests its pharmacological modulation as a potential neuroprotective strategy, at least in a subgroup of sporadic ALS patients.
Expression Profile of New Marker Genes Involved in Differentiation of Human Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Chondrocytes, Osteoblasts, Adipocytes and Neural-like Cells
Authors: Stefańska Katarzyna , Nemcova Lucie , Blatkiewicz Małgorzata , Żok Agnieszka , Kaczmarek Mariusz , Pieńkowski Wojciech , Mozdziak Paul , Piotrowska-Kempisty Hanna , Kempisty Bartosz
Published: August 2023

Wharton’s jelly (WJ) contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibiting broad immunomodulatory properties and differentiation capacity, which makes them a promising tool for cellular therapies. Although the osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation is a gold standard for proper identification of MSCs, it is important to elucidate the exact molecular mechanisms governing these processes to develop safe and efficient cellular therapies. Umbilical cords were collected from healthy, full-term deliveries, for subsequent MSCs (WJ-MSCs) isolation. WJ-MSCs were cultivated in vitro for osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic differentiation. The RNA samples were isolated and the transcript levels were evaluated using NovaSeq platform, which led to the identification of differentially expressed genes. Expression of H19 and SLPI was enhanced in adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and NPPB was decreased in all analyzed groups compared to the control. KISS1 was down-regulated in adipocytes, chondrocytes, and neural-like cells compared to the control. The most of identified genes were already implicated in differentiation of MSCs; however, some genes (PROK1, OCA2) have not yet been associated with initiating final cell fate. The current results indicate that both osteo- and adipo-induced WJ-MSCs share many similarities regarding the most overexpressed genes, while the neuro-induced WJ-MSCs are quite distinctive from the other three groups. Overall, this study provides an insight into the transcriptomic changes occurring during the differentiation of WJ-MSCs and enables the identification of novel markers involved in this process, which may serve as a reference for further research exploring the role of these genes in physiology of WJ-MSCs and in regenerative medicine.
Exposure of Cultured Hippocampal Neurons to the Mitochondrial Uncoupler Carbonyl Cyanide Chlorophenylhydrazone Induces a Rapid Growth of Dendritic Processes
Authors: Kushnireva Liliia , Korkotian Eduard , Segal Menahem
Published: August 2023

A major route for the influx of calcium ions into neurons uses the STIM-Orai1 voltage-independent channel. Once cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) elevates, it activates mitochondrial and endoplasmic calcium stores to affect downstream molecular pathways. In the present study, we employed a novel drug, carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, to explore the role of mitochondria in cultured neuronal morphology. CCCP caused a sustained elevation of [Ca2+]i and, quite surprisingly, a massive increase in the density of dendritic filopodia and spines in the affected neurons. This morphological change can be prevented in cultures exposed to a calcium-free medium, Orai1 antagonist 2APB, or cells transfected with a mutant Orai1 plasmid. It is suggested that CCCP activates mitochondria through the influx of calcium to cause rapid growth of dendritic processes.
Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Two WRKY Transcription Factors Positively Regulating Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Polygonatum cyrtonema
Authors: Jiang Wu , Chen Jiadong , Duan Xiaojing , Li Yaping , Tao Zhengming
Published: August 2023

Polygonatum cyrtonema (P. cyrtonema) is a valuable rhizome-propagating traditional Chinese medical herb. Polysaccharides (PCPs) are the major bioactive constituents in P. cyrtonema. However, the molecular basis of PCP biosynthesis in P. cyrtonema remains unknown. In this study, we measured the PCP contents of 11 wild P. cyrtonema germplasms. The results showed that PCP content was the highest in Lishui Qingyuan (LSQY, 11.84%) and the lowest in Hangzhou Lin’an (HZLA, 7.18%). We next analyzed the transcriptome profiles of LSQY and HZLA. Through a qRT-PCR analysis of five differential expression genes from the PCP biosynthesis pathway, phosphomannomutase, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (galE), and GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase were determined as the key enzymes. A protein of a key gene, galE1, was localized in the chloroplast. The PCP content in the transiently overexpressed galE1 tobacco leaves was higher than in the wild type. Moreover, luciferase and Y1H assays indicated that PcWRKY31 and PcWRKY34 could activate galE1 by binding to its promoter. Our research uncovers the novel regulatory mechanism of PCP biosynthesis in P. cyrtonema and is critical to molecular-assisted breeding.
Insights into the Predictors of Empathy in Virtual Reality Environments
Authors: Bacca-Acosta Jorge , Avila-Garzon Cecilia , Sierra-Puentes Myriam
Published: August 2023

The effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in eliciting empathy lies in the fact that VR offers possibilities for situating people in a specific context and in the shoes of others. Previous research has investigated the benefits of VR in eliciting empathy and has compared VR with other technologies. However, there is a lack of research on the predictors of empathy in VR experiences. To fill this gap in the literature, this study aimed to identify the predictors of empathy when VR is used as a medium to elicit empathy. A structural model based on hypotheses was validated using partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with data from the interaction of 100 participants in a tailor-made VR experience developed to create empathy toward migration. The results show that our model explains 44.8% of the variance in emotional empathy as a result of the positive influence of compassion and attitudes toward migrants. Moreover, the model explains 36.8% of the variance in cognitive empathy as a result of the positive influence of engagement, attitudes toward migrants, compassion, and immersion.
An Automated Precise Authentication of Vehicles for Enhancing the Visual Security Protocols
Authors: Roy Kumarmangal , Ahmad Muneer , Ghani Norjihan Abdul , Uddin Jia , Shin Jungpil
Published: August 2023

The movement of vehicles in and out of the predefined enclosure is an important security protocol that we encounter daily. Identification of vehicles is a very important factor for security surveillance. In a smart campus concept, thousands of vehicles access the campus every day, resulting in massive carbon emissions. Automated monitoring of both aspects (pollution and security) are an essential element for an academic institution. Among the reported methods, the automated identification of number plates is the best way to streamline vehicles. The performances of most of the previously designed similar solutions suffer in the context of light exposure, stationary backgrounds, indoor area, specific driveways, etc. We propose a new hybrid single-shot object detector architecture based on the Haar cascade and MobileNet-SSD. In addition, we adopt a new optical character reader mechanism for character identification on number plates. We prove that the proposed hybrid approach is robust and works well on live object detection. The existing research focused on the prediction accuracy, which in most state-of-the-art methods (SOTA) is very similar. Thus, the precision among several use cases is also a good evaluation measure that was ignored in the existing research. It is evident that the performance of prediction systems suffers due to adverse weather conditions stated earlier. In such cases, the precision between events of detection may result in high variance that impacts the prediction of vehicles in unfavorable circumstances. The performance assessment of the proposed solution yields a precision of 98% on real-time data for Malaysian number plates, which can be generalized in the future to all sorts of vehicles around the globe.
Evaluation of the Effect of the ENSO Cycle on the Distribution Potential of the Genus Anastrepha of Horticultural Importance in the Neotropics and Panama
Authors: Degracia Arturo Batista , Jiménez Julián Ávila , Alvarado Anovel Barba , Valdespino Randy Atencio , Altamiranda-Saavedra Mariano
Published: August 2023

Climate variability has made us change our perspective on the study of insect pests and pest insects, focusing on preserving or maintaining efficient production systems in the world economy. The four species of the genus Anastrepha were selected for this study due to their colonization and expansion characteristics. Models of the potential distribution of these species are scarce in most neotropical countries, and there is a current and pressing demand to carry out this type of analysis in the face of the common scenarios of climate variability. We analyzed 370 presence records with statistical metrics and 16 bioclimatic variables. The MaxEnt method was used to evaluate the effect of the ENSO cycle on the potential distribution of the species Anastrepha grandis (Macquart), Anastrepha serpetina (Wiedemann), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and Anastrepha striata (Schiner) as imported horticultural pests in the neotropics and Panama. A total of 3472 candidate models were obtained for each species, and the environmental variables with the greatest contribution to the final models were LST range and LST min for A. grandis, PRECIP range and PRECIP min for A. serpentina, LST range and LST min for A. obliqua, and LST min and LST max for A. striata. The percentage expansion of the range of A. grandis in all environmental scenarios was 26.46 and the contraction of the range was 30.80; the percentage expansion of the range of A. serpentina in all environmental scenarios was 3.15 and the contraction of the range was 28.49; the percentage expansion of the range of A. obliqua in all environmental scenarios was 5.71 and the contraction of the range was 3.40; and the percentage expansion of the range of A. striata in all environmental scenarios was 41.08 and the contraction of the range was 7.30, and we selected the best model, resulting in a wide distribution (suitable areas) of these species in the neotropics that was influenced by the variability of climatic events (El Niño, Neutral, and La Niña). Information is provided on the phytosanitary surveillance systems of the countries in areas where these species could be established, which is useful for defining policies and making decisions on integrated management plans according to sustainable agriculture.
Echocardiographic Assessment in Patients Recovered from Acute COVID-19 Illness
Authors: Stefani Luke , Brown Paula , Gerges Monica , Emerson Peter , Ferkh Aaisha , Kairaitis Kristina , Gilroy Nicole , Altman Mikhail , Thomas Liza
Published: August 2023

Coronavirus (COVID-19) infections have spread rapidly worldwide and posed an immense public health problem. COVID-19 infection can affect the cardiovascular system both acutely and in patients followed up some period after COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function by echocardiography in COVID-19 recovered patients (hospitalized and non-hospitalized). Forty-two patients who recovered from COVID-19 but had ongoing symptoms were included in this retrospective observational cross-sectional study. Patients were followed-up at a median time of 112 days from confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and a comprehensive echocardiogram was performed. COVID-19 patients were age- and sex-matched to healthy controls. Traditional TTE parameters and advanced echocardiographic parameters including two-dimensional LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and RV free wall strain (FWS) were measured. LV volumes and LV ejection fraction were similar in COVID-19 patients and controls; however, LV GLS was significantly worse in the COVID-19 group (p = 0.002). Similarly, RV volumes and traditional RV function parameters were similar, but RV FWS (p = 0.009) and RV global strain (p = 0.015) were reduced. Alterations in LV and RV strain were observed in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. In the subset of COVID-19 patients without any co-morbidities (n = 30), LV GLS remained reduced compared to controls. According to multivariate analysis, COVID-19 infection was the only independent determinant of reduced LV GLS (p = 0.012), while COVID-19 infection, diastolic blood pressure, and RV fractional area change were determinants of RV FWS. In this observational study, prior COVID-19 infection demonstrated LV dysfunction in patients with persistent symptoms. Abnormal LV strain was evident in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients, suggesting that these changes are independent of the severity of COVID-19 infection at presentation. The use of LV GLS in COVID-19 patients could have potential clinical utility to support the indication for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with possible COVID-19 related myocarditis. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate its correlation with adverse cardiovascular events.
Impact of COVID-19 on Mothers Raising Children with Special Needs: Insights from a Survey Study
Authors: Tiberio Lorenza , Massullo Chiara , Carrus Giuseppe , Mastandrea Stefano , Fagioli Sabrina
Published: August 2023

Home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak had psychological effects that continue to be explored by researchers. This study investigated factors influencing the mental health of mothers caring for special needs children in Italy’s first lockdown. Specifically, we investigated the relationships between emotional states of depression, anxiety, stress, perceived distress related to home confinement, coping strategies, and other contextual variables (such as opportunities for distance learning and remote working) in a group of 68 mothers of children with special needs and 68 matched mothers of typically developing children. Data from an online survey showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the research revealed that being a remote worker was a significant predictor of reduced stress in mothers of children with special needs, while distance learning was a significant predictor of reduced stress in mothers of typically developing children. In addition, the study found that hyperarousal symptoms were predictive of stress in mothers of children with special needs, while intrusive thoughts and avoidance coping were predictive of stress in mothers of typically developing children. In conclusion, further research is needed to develop effective support and intervention strategies for families with children with special needs and to deeply investigate the impact of flexible work arrangements and social aid on the mental health of mothers in non-emergency settings.
Lung Transplantation Outcomes in Recipients Aged 70 Years or Older and the Impact of Center Volume
Authors: Iyanna Nidhi , Chan Ernest G. , Ryan John P. , Furukawa Masashi , Coster Jenalee N. , Hage Chadi A. , Sanchez Pablo G.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To evaluate trends and outcomes of lung transplants (LTx) in recipients ≥ 70 years. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the UNOS database identifying all patients undergoing LTx (May 2005–December 2022). Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared by age (<70 years, ≥70 years) and center volume. Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed with pairwise comparisons between subgroups. Results: 34,957 patients underwent LTx, of which 3236 (9.3%) were ≥70 years. The rate of LTx in recipients ≥ 70 has increased over time, particularly in low-volume centers (LVCs); consequently, high-volume centers (HVCs) and LVCs perform similar rates of LTx for recipients ≥ 70. Recipients ≥ 70 had higher rates of receiving from donor after circulatory death lungs and of extended donor criteria. Recipients ≥ 70 were more likely to die of cardiovascular diseases or malignancy, while recipients < 70 of chronic primary graft failure. Survival time was shorter for recipients ≥ 70 compared to recipients < 70 old (hazard ratio (HR): 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28–1.44, p < 0.001). HVCs were associated with a survival advantage in recipients < 70 (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88–0.94, p < 0.001); however, in recipients ≥ 70, survival was similar between HVCs and LVCs (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.99–1.25, p < 0.08). HVCs were more likely to perform a bilateral LTx (BLT) for obstructive lung diseases compared to LVCs, but there was no difference in BLT and single LTx likelihood for restrictive lung diseases. Conclusions: Careful consideration is needed for recipient ≥ 70 selection, donor assessment, and post-transplant care to improve outcomes. Further research should explore strategies that advance perioperative care in centers with low long-term survival for recipients ≥ 70.
A Pilot Mixed-Methods Study to Establish the Clinical Usefulness of a Chronic Pain Profile (CPP) for Pain Management
Authors: Axon David R. , Le Darlena , Chien Jonathan
Published: August 2023

The Chronic Pain Profile (CPP) was developed as a tool for patients to document types and levels of use for all pain management strategies used. This pilot mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative methods) study aimed to assess the perceived clinical usefulness of the CPP and identify potential areas of difficulty using the CPP among a sample of pharmacists. Data were obtained from an online survey of pharmacists licensed to practice in Arizona. Quantitative analysis included assessing the clinical usefulness of the CPP using 10 numerical items (scores ≥50% = useful), 5 ordinal items (scores ≥ 4 out of 5 = useful), and 11 open-response items. Qualitative analysis was conducted by two independent researchers who coded the comments and identified key themes through consensus. Data were collected for 33 individuals. Mean usefulness scores ranged from 66.6 ± 22.4 to 80.9 ± 23.5, and three of the five ordinal items had a median score ≥ 4. Three key themes (and subthemes) were identified: favorable features of the CPP, which included promoting patient advocacy and saving time when accessing pain information; using the CPP, which included evaluating of the effectiveness and appropriateness of the pain management approach and identifying gaps in patient knowledge; and limitations of the CPP, which included absence of customization, interpretation issues, complexity and wording issues, and concerns of internal consistency and reliability. This pilot study provides initial evidence of the CPP’s clinical usefulness that could ultimately be used to help manage pain and improve health outcomes. Further analyses are needed to assess the CPP’s validity and explore its use in wider populations of patients with pain.
Impacted Permanent Mandibular Canines: Epidemiological Evaluation
Authors: Agastra Eanda , Saettone Margherita , Parrini Simone , Cugliari Giovanni , Deregibus Andrea , Castroflorio Tommaso
Published: August 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of impacted and transmigrated mandibular canines in a large orthodontic population referred to the University of Turin. Methods: Panoramic radiographs, intraoral photographs, and dental casts of 2119 patients referred to the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Turin, Italy, between 1995 and 2022 were reviewed. These patients were divided into two groups. Group A included 1479 patients found in the Dental School archive before 2017, more specifically between 1995 and 2017. These patients were examined in order to calculate the prevalence of impacted and transmigrated mandibular canines. From 2017 to 2022, the records of 640 new patients were examined (GROUP B) in order to calculate the incidence of these occurrences. Results: The prevalence of mandibular canine impaction in Group A was found to be 1.7%, with a total of 25 patients having mandibular canine impaction. A prevalence of 0.3% was found for mandibular canine transmigration (Group A). The incidence of mandibular canine impaction was found to be 2%, with a total of 13 patients with mandibular canine impaction (Group B). Mandibular canine transmigration was found in 1 of 640 participants (Group B). Conclusions: Twenty-five of 1479 patients had impacted mandibular canines, resulting in a prevalence value of 1.7%. The incidence was found to be 2%, with 13 of 640 patients having impacted mandibular canines. These results show higher prevalence and incidence rates of mandibular canine impaction when compared with previously published data.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Medication Non-Adherence in CRS Patients following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Gokani Shyam Ajay , Clark Allan , Javer Amin , Philpott Carl
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to evaluate factors that may predispose patients to not adhere to prescribed medication after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and to compare SNOT-22 scores at 0–12 months post-operatively between adherent and non-adherent patients. CRS patients who underwent ESS between 2012 and 2016 were recruited to this retrospective cohort study. Adherence was assessed through a questionnaire and review of medical notes. Ninety-four participants were included (61% male, mean age 60). Of those, 66% did not adhere to their prescribed post-operative CRS medication timing or dosage. The most common reason for non-adherence was improvement of symptoms (17%), followed by deterioration of symptoms (11%) and side effects (10%). Post-operative SNOT-22 scores were lowest for non-intentionally non-adherent (NINA) participants with a mean of 10.5 [95% CI: 7.47–13.5], compared to 25.0 for intentionally non-adherent (INA) [95% CI: 17.6–32.4] and 17.7 for adherent patients [95% CI: 13.7–21.7], p = 0.01. This study identifies that almost two-thirds of patients are not compliant with CRS medications after ESS. NINA participants reported lower post-operative SNOT-22 scores compared to INA and adherent participants. Future studies should focus on educating patients to continue with medications post-operatively despite an initial improvement in symptoms.
Right Heart Catheterization: An Antecubital Vein Approach to Reduce Fluoroscopy Time, Radiation Dose, and Guidewires Need
Authors: Locatelli Giuseppe , Donisi Luca , Mircoli Luca , Colombo Federico , Barbieri Lucia , Tumminello Gabriele , Carugo Stefano , Ruscica Massimiliano , Vicenzi Marco
Published: August 2023

Antecubital access for right heart catheterization (RHC) is a widespread technique, even though there is a need to clarify if there are differences and significant advantages compared to proximal vein access. To pursue this issue, we retrospectively identified patients who underwent RHC in our clinic over a 7 year period (between January 2015 and December 2022). We revised demographic, anthropometric, and procedural data, including the fluoroscopy time, the radiation exposure, and the use of guidewires. The presence of any complications was also assessed. In patients with antecubital access, the fluoroscopy time and the radiation exposure were lower compared to proximal vein access (6 vs. 3 min, mean difference of 2 min, CI 95% 1–4 min, p < 0.001 and 61 vs. 30 cGy/m2, mean difference 64 cGy/m2, CI 95% 50–77, p < 0.001). The number of patients requiring the use of at least one guidewire was lower in the group undergoing RHC through antecubital access compared to proximal vein access (55% vs. 43%, p = 0.01). The feasibility was optimal, as just 0.9% of procedures switched from antecubital to femoral access, with a negligible rate of complications. The choice of the antecubital site exhibits advantages, e.g., a shorter fluoroscopy time, a reduced radiation dose, and a lower average number of guidewires used compared to proximal vein access.
Development of Nanosuspension of Artemisia absinthium Extract as Novel Drug Delivery System to Enhance Its Bioavailability and Hepatoprotective Potential
Authors: Jahan Nazish , Kousar Fareeha , Rahman Khalil Ur , Touqeer Syeeda Iram , Abbas Naseem
Published: August 2023

A nanosuspension of Artemisia absinthium extract was formulated and characterized for the enhancement of bioavailability and better hepatoprotective efficacy. The nanosuspension of A. absinthium extract was formulated using an antisolvent precipitation technique, and various formulation parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized nanosuspension was characterized using AFM and FT–IR spectroscopy. The drug-release profile and oral bioavailability of the optimized nanosuspension were assessed with reference to coarse suspension. The DPPH radical scavenging method was used to measure the nanosuspension’s antioxidant activity, and its in vivo hepatoprotective potential was assessed against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats. The developed optimized nanosuspension had suitable zeta potential of −11.9 mV, PDI of 0.285, and mean particle size of 253.8 nm. AFM study demonstrated a homogeneous population of nanoparticles with average size of 25 nm. The formulated nanosuspension of A. absinthium showed faster dissolution rate and 1.13-fold enhanced bioavailability as compared to the coarse suspension (plant extract). Furthermore, the nanoformulation had stronger antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential as compared to the unprocessed coarse extract. These results demonstrated that nanosuspension is a promising strategy for improving the oral bioavailability and bioactivities of A. absinthium extract.