bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From traditional to distance learning: hygienic problems of vision protection of students
Authors: Skoblina Natal’ya A. , Milushkina Olga Yu. , Popov Valery I. , Markelova Svetlana V. , Bokareva Nataliya A. , Tatarinchik Andrey A. , Tsameryan Alfred P.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Electronic devices (ED) are widespread among adolescents, filling their daily lives. The trend towards digitalization of all aspects of life is a global trend with the inevitable involvement of young people. The lack of existing preventive measures necessitates scientific research and intensification of work to promote a healthy lifestyle. Materials and methods. In 2019, an online survey was conducted of 200 schoolchildren in grades 9-11, 498 students in 1-6 courses, and 251 parents. In April 2020, an online survey was conducted of 1587 students of 1-6 classes and 500 parents. Measurements of physical factors were carried out at the Dolgoprudnenskaya gymnasium and the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. One thousand sixty-six schoolchildren and students were examined by an ophthalmologist with the help of the device “ARMISm”. Results. Negative tendencies in the state of the organ of vision, observed by students, are primarily associated with increased use of stationary and mobile ED in all age groups. Students use various ED in places with insufficient artificial illumination. In educational institutions, such places are corridors, halls, recreation, where students use their electronic devices. There are currently no separate requirements for artificial lighting by using information and communication technologies outside of classrooms or work premises. During the period of distance learning, schoolchildren and students have been established to use one more ED in comparison with the period of traditional education. The long-term effect of using mobile ED is still unknown. Conclusions. As a preventive hygienic measure for the protection of vision, it is recommended to use ED only in places with a good level of illumination, including artificial, with limited duration of continuous use of ED, with gymnastics for the eyes during breaks.
Perifeer zenuwletsel en het effect van vitamines op het herstelproces
Authors: DESCHRIJVER M. , BULKMANS K. , VANWALLEGHEM I. , GEERS S.
Published: May 2021

Peripheral nerve injury and the effect of vitamins on the recovery process

Although peripheral nerve injuries are usually not life-threatening, they can have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life and daily functioning, with typical symptoms such as complete paralysis or severe neuropathic pain.

The peripheral nervous system is capable of some regeneration and recovery, allowing conservative treatment in mild to moderate nerve damage. For severe peripheral nerve injuries surgical reconstruction remains the golden standard.

However, despite the extensive knowledge of the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve trauma, a full functional recovery after a severe peripheral nerve injury is rare with the current therapeutic options. Success depends on a variety of factors: location and severity of the injury, age and physical condition of the patient, therapeutical approach, … Therefore, it is important to search for the best possible means to achieve maximal functional recovery.

This article first discusses the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve trauma, highlighting the most important factors that influence the recovery process. Subsequently, it will render a review of the influence of vitamins A/B/C/D/E/K on this recovery process: vit B and D seem to enhance the regeneration process of nerves and the functional recovery of the end organ, while vit C and E show an important antinociceptive effect.
An Analysis of Inconsistent Methodology to Compute Permanent Future Nursing Care Costs in Personal Injury Claim
Authors: Husaini Mohd Fuad , Salleh Kamaliah
Published: May 2021

Restitutio in integrum has been the underlying basis of assessment for damages under the corrective compensation scheme of the law of tort. This doctrine commands restoration of the claimant to the pre-existing condition prior to the commission of the tort. While this basis of assessment has no apparent problem in respect of pecuniary part of the claimable damages in a personal injury claim, however, from another side of the spectrum, there is an inconsistent methodology as to how to precisely calculate the ‘price’ of pain or even future loss. As a result, judicial activism plays its part in promoting its creativity of solution to the problem, leading to inconsistent methodology on this spectrum of damages that bears diverse output. The objective of this paper is to highlight the flaws of the inconsistent methodology for the assessment of permanent future nursing care. The method used for this research is by tracing the relevant authorities that use the various methods of computing the multiplier and analysing the outcome of each method. The findings revealed anomalies of output as each method produces different output without any qualification on why a particular method is chosen. This flaw in the computation of the multiplier for future losses other than related to loss of earnings should not remain viable as there is no consistency of the output based on similar factual circumstances. One of the solutions for this debacle is to forgo lump sum payment altogether and move towards structured settlement payment.
A Comparative Analysis of Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts in Malaysia and Singapore
Authors: Abdullah Farhah , Ong Tze Chin , Abdul Manap Norhoneydayatie , Bidin Asiah , Abd Aziz Hartinie
Published: May 2021

The inclusion of welfarist ideology in the consumers’ trade derived from the ideal of paternalism is a paradigm change from the doctrine of freedom of contract. Regulatory and legislative steps must be taken to support and attract consumers to the industry. Judicial and legislative actions must be taken to correct the market flaws that create consumers’ vulnerability while trading in the global market. As one of ASEAN members’ founders, Malaysia is moving towards people-centered economic endeavours to balance both industry and consumer interests through exclusion clauses to prevent unfair practices in consumer contracts. Legal intervention is one of the ways to curbing the issues that arise from exclusion clauses. Before 2010, the non-existence of a specific regulatory framework to limit exclusion clauses usage in contracts involving consumers further increases consumers’ vulnerability. Traditional judicial approaches in the battle against coercion and unethical behaviour of traders before 2010 did not engross consumer rights and interests. This sign is, in fact, the modern age of customer contracts, the enforcement of unfair terms. This article used the content analysis technique and analysed the evolution of legislative interference and judicial approaches in interpreting exclusion clauses in contracts involving consumers in Malaysia and Singapore.
Monitoring Internet Child Pornography (ICP) in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Zubaidi Nabilah Hani
Published: May 2021

Malaysian law enforcement authorities were previously at a disadvantage in monitoring and investigating ICP cases. They lacked online tools to detect ICP and other cases of child sexual exploitation and relied on information from their international counterparts. The discovery of Richard Huckle and Blake Johnston, two child sex offenders who abused Malaysian children, was only possible with information shared by Australia’s Argos Task Force and the US Homeland Security Investigations. While Malaysia currently practises information and intelligence exchange and collaboration in digital forensics, more action is needed to detect and monitor ICP activities. It is imperative for Malaysia to take all necessary steps to prevent, detect, investigate, punish, as well as address the root causes of ICP. This paper addresses this issue; it focuses on the dilemmas faced by Malaysian authorities in reducing the availability of ICP images and in deciding to prosecute offenders. It conducts an initial exploration of the ways in which authorities can protect children by proactively seeking out ICP images via a victim-identification database and blocking ICP images. The paper seeks to demonstrate that traditional policing methods, such as responding to citizen reports and image discovery through arrest and seizure, while still necessary, can be out-dated. Through semi-structured interviews with key-stakeholders from the Malaysian government and agencies, this study seeks to gain some insight into Malaysia’s implementation and enforcement experience in relation to ICP. The study suggests how the present-day policing response of ICP images can be realigned to other key intermediaries on the internet.
A Meta-analysis of Integrated Internal Audit Management Effectiveness towards Business Sustainability
Authors: Hassan Noor Aishah , Mohammad Zailani Suhaiza Hanim , Abu Hasan Haslida
Published: May 2021

This paper classifies the internal and external factors that influence the effectiveness of integrated internal audit management (IIAM) and how IIAM effectiveness affects business sustainability performance. This paper presents a meta-analysis and systematic literature review of previous academic research papers. This study used a comprehensive review of literature and content analysis to obtain information using the electronic databases, specifically ProQuest, Emerald and Scopus from the year of 2003 until 2020. The paper reviewed recently published articles on the integration of at least two out of three management systems (MSs), such as ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001 and ISO 14001. The findings from the research papers are presented according to the factors and outcomes examined. Many studies undertaken on the integration audit of management systems show that there are several internal factors (human resource capability, technological capability and quality capability) and external factors (regulator, customer and supplier) that affect the effectiveness of the integrated internal audit management. It is concluded that the use of integrated management system (IMS) has a positive impact on the firm’s performance specifically on business sustainability. The findings indicated of internal and external factors, which are grounded on the identified theories (dynamic capabilities theory, stakeholder theory and contingency theory), having to consider and to understand the effectiveness and implications of integrated internal audit. Thus, based on the findings from previous research carried out and the requirement of IMS, this paper gives directions for the effective way to integrate internal audits in manufacturing firms to achieve business sustainability.
A Case Study on Recall of used Scopes in the Endoscopy Department by using a Failure Mode & Effect Analysis (FMEA) Proactive Risk Management
Authors: Shaikh Zuber Mujeeb
Published: May 2021

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is the process of reviewing as many components, assemblies, and subsystems as possible to identify potential failure modes in a system and their causes and effects. The study revealed that the Risk Priority Number (RPN) was initially 450 and it has decreased to 90 after implementing all the actions in FMEA.
Estado del arte de los oficios del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero Colombiano (Departamento de Risaralda)
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Pereira. Colombia, GOMEZ Yaffa N. , LOPEZ Javier A. ,   Universidad Católica de Pereira. Colombia
Published: May 2021

La investigación documenta y presenta el estado del arte de los oficios presentes en el Paisaje Cultural Cafetero Colombiano PCCC. En este sentido, el artículo presenta las diversas fuentes donde se realizó la búsqueda de bibliografía, tales como, documentos del Ministerio de Cultura, Biblioteca Banco de la República, Biblioteca Digital de Artesanías de Colombia, así como la página Web del Sistema Nacional de Información Cultural, encontrando documentos estadísticos, trabajos de grado referidos a oficios y caracterización de la población artesanal del PCCC.
Project management of innovation and investment activities to ensure agricultural entities economic security in Ukraine
Authors:   National technical university «Kharkiv polytechnic institute», MAKOVOZ Oksana S. , MASHENKO Maryna A. ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, LESNAYA Irina F. ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, PONOMARENKO Oleksandr O. ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, SAVYTSKA Larysa V. ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to justify the project management of innovation and investment activities to ensure economic security of agribusiness entities based on increasing the efficiency of innovation and increasing competitiveness in the Ukrainian economy. It is proved that investment and innovation policy to ensure economic security involves implementing state investment priorities capital and growth of investments in rural development. Factors influencing the growth of equity of agro-industrial enterprises are identified with factor analysis. It allows increasing the socio-economic efficiency of agricultural production.
Desarrollo y validación del instrumento «Auto-Imagen como trabajador» para evaluar identidades laborales en redes público-privadas (Redes APP) en Chile
Authors:   Universidad Austral de Chile, CEA-RODRIGUEZ Jorge E. , SOTO-ROY Alvaro A. ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado, STETCHER Antonio ,   Universidad Diego Portales, FILGUEIRA-MUÑOZ Elba L. ,   Universidad Austral de Chile
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo, es construir y validar una escala de auto-imagen como trabajador para evaluar Identidades laborales. Se efectuó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y Confirmatorio (AFC) para examinar y confirmar la estructura interna de la escala. Participaron 204 trabajadores de redes que surgen de alianzas público-privadas en Chile, con edades entre 20 y 66 años (M = 39,1 DT = 9,36), 38,2% hombres y 61,8% mujeres. Los resultados del estudio sugieren propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, siendo la escala válida y confiable para la evaluación de las Identidades Laborales.
Resiliencia de los sistemas socio naturales ante el cambio climático de los pueblos originarios Weenhayek en Bolivia
Authors:   Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, México, ROJAS Juan M. , ZUÑIGA Libys M. ,   Universidad de Holguín, Cuba
Published: May 2021

Los pueblos originarios en Bolivia han dejado de cumplir con su función de adaptabilidad socio ambiental. A través de elementos teóricos y el análisis de relación conceptual de la adaptación y resiliencia, apoyados en concepciones interdisciplinares desde un enfoque sistémico, se plantea tratar la adaptación planificada como componente de la resiliencia como constribución de mejora de los sistemas socio ambientales y las construcciones tradicionales, siendo este el objetivo del presente artículo.
El periodismo deportivo en el clásico del fútbol español: el reto de informar, sin sesgos, en una sociedad en conflicto
Authors:   Universidad del Tolima. Colombia, ANGULO Lizandro , MORENO Antonia ,   Universidad de Deusto. España, DIAZ Norberto ,   Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander. Colombia
Published: May 2021

Esta investigación analiza piezas periodísticas de los diarios Marca y Mundo Deportivo, referidas al clásico español entre el Fútbol Club Barcelona y el Real Madrid, para determinar si existen sesgos informativos, vinculados con el fútbol y los nacionalismos. Se emplea el método del análisis de contenido a una muestra temporal de 15 años (temporadas 2003 a 2018). Se concluye que el reporte deportivo de este evento aumenta la polarización política, por lo que se deben activar protocolos éticos periodísticos.
Costos de producción de la miel de abeja en la provincia del Guayas
Authors:   Universidad de Guayaquil. Ecuador, VIVANCO Isauro , ROSILLO William ,   Universidad de Guayaquil. Ecuador, ORDOÑEZ Josue ,   Universidad de Guayaquil. Ecuador, REYES Josselin ,   Universidad de Guayaquil. Ecuador
Published: May 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación acerca de los costos de producción de la miel de abeja, su rentabilidad y el impacto que produce la explotación en la Provincia del Guayas, donde existen 49 apicultores según el último censo realizado por el MAG en el 2018; la metodología y herramientas que se utilizó para realizar la investigación se obtuvo mediante información estadística y encuestas que permitieron el estudio de mercado aplicadas a productores donde se encontró como resultado que los tres segmentos apícolas no cuentan con las herramientas necesarias para optimizar el proceso productivo además de la falta de educación financiera, y sobre la utilidad se pudo concluir que mientras más grande es el segmento, mayor es su rentabilidad.
Agri-food market of Russia in the Food Security System
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, SHARAPOVA Valentina M. , SHARAPOVA Natalia V. ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the problem of food security remains and has a planetary scale. Food production of appropriate quality and quantity, at a certain price level, is one of the country's development priorities. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of various factors on the food security of Russia. The problem of food security can only be solved by creating a set of conditions, such as: creating a mechanism for state regulation of the industry, increasing the level of population incomes, ensuring parity of prices between agricultural and manufactured industrial products (for agricultural purposes), limiting the volume of food imports, and ensuring the agricultural sector of the economy material and technical base.
Usage Of Sign Language In Developing Science Practical Skills Among The Learners With Hearing Impairment In Inclusive Schools
Authors: Kathuria Sunita , Chauhan Prof. Sangeeta
Published: May 2021

The current research explored the effectiveness of using Indian Sign  Language (ISL) as an instructional medium for developing Science  Practical skills among LwPHI. Methodologically, the research falls under  the mixed-method research paradigm. This study had one group, pretest post-test design and the sample was selected through purposive sampling. The data was collected from 10 Science teachers and 20 LwPHI studying  at the upper primary sage in the Inclusive schools of Delhi, India. The  researcher used interview schedule, rubrics, and Science practical lesson  plans as the tools. The intervention phase was designed to develop the  skills related to 4 important components of science practical i.e.  procedural and manipulative skills, observational skills, drawing skills,  and Interpretive & reporting skills. On analysis of the descriptive  statistics, it was found that there was a mean gain difference of 14.95  between the pre-post test scores and 0.423 in the standard deviation. The  hypothesis testing was done through Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistical  analysis, Z: -3.936, P-value was less than 0.05 (0.000<0.05), indicated that  there was a significant difference in the performance and hence, H0 was  rejected. The qualitative analysis of the rubrics and interview revealed that  the LwPHI not only had limited ability to connect the science content  taught in the classrooms to their daily life but also were less aware of  science as a subject and had many misconceptions. And, due to the  communication gap, this learning gap was widening. The analysis of data  collected after the intervention indicated improved content understanding,  a rise in science vocabulary, and awareness of scientific terminologies.  The finding of this study is in coherence with the preceding researches  and acknowledges that the curriculum objectives are better attained by  learners if they are delivered in the respective learner’s first language.
INFLUÊNCIA DA ORALIDADE NA PRODUÇÃO TEXTUAL ESCRITA: REVISITANDO O TCC
Authors: Silva Lira Fabiana da , Karim Jocineide Macedo
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo fazer uma síntese do trabalho de conclusão de curso na área da Sociolinguística, intitulado:A influência da oralidade na escrita dos alunos do 1° ano do Ensino Médio na Escola Estadual “13 De Maio” em Porto Esperidião-MT.O estudoteve como suporte teórico a Sociolinguística. E como resultado das análises observamos a presença de onze traços de oralidade distintos, na produção textual escrita dos alunos.Desse modo, conclui-se que realmenteexisteminterferências da oralidade na produção escrita desses alunos, e cabe a nós professores saber como tratar essas questões nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa.
O CONTATO PORTUGUÊS-FRANCÊS E O BILINGUISMO SOCIETAL DOS CATRAIEIROS NA FRONTEIRA FRANCO-BRASILEIRA
Authors: Fumelê Lizandra Valéria da Silva , Day Kelly Cristina Nascimento
Published: May 2021

As regiões de fronteira entre nações constituem ambientes propícios para a emergência de situações de bilinguismo. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o(s) processo(s) de formação bilíngue dos trabalhadores denominados catraieiros que operam a travessia de passageiros através de catraias na fronteira franco-brasileira, entre as cidades de Oiapoque e Saint-Georges. O suporte teórico-metodológico utilizado nesse estudo tem como base aportes da Sociolinguística discutidos por Labov (1966); estudos do Contato Linguístico a partir das contribuições de Weinrich (1953) e Romaine (1997), e as noções de bilinguismo a partir de uma perspectiva societal, conforme discussões apresentadas por Mackey (1972), Hamers; Bland (2000), entre outros. Os procedimentos metodológicos empregados na pesquisa são de cunho etnográfico. A pesquisa de campo, de natureza qualitativa, teve como instrumentos de coleta de dados o questionário, a entrevista semiestruturada e as notas de campo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que os catraieiros constituem um grupo bilíngue/ plurilíngue, com baixo nível de escolaridade, mas que falam, em sua maioria, mais de duas línguas dentre aquelas em uso na fronteira franco-brasileira; que o processo de formação bilíngue está fundamentado na convivência com os franceses metropolitanos e guianenses que atravessam diariamente a fronteira e que o nível de conhecimento das línguas é muito variável dentro do grupo.
Advance in Image and Audio Restoration and their Assessments: A Review
Authors: H. Mohammed Omar , Sh. Mahmood Basil
Published: May 2021

Image restoration is the process of restoring the original image from a degraded one. Images can be affected by various types of noise, such as Gaussian noise, impulse noise, and affected by blurring, which is happened during image recordings like motion blur, Out-of-Focus Blur, and others. Image restoration techniques are used to reverse the effect of noise and blurring. Restoration of distorted images can be done using some information about noise and the blurring nature or without any knowledge about the image degradation process. Researchers have proposed many algorithms in this regard; in this paper, different noise and degradation models and restoration methods will be discussed and review some researches in this field.
Development of Rubric to Measure Children’s Creativity in Game Design
Authors: Md Ibharim Laili Farhana , Mohamad Yatim Maizatul Hayati , Mohamed Zain Nor Zuhaidah , Husna Azizan Ummu , Fabil Norasikin
Published: May 2021

Today’s Alpha generation have high competency playing digital games. This privileged ability demands creativity in terms of cognitive and higher order thinking skills when it comes to designing and developing digital games. Therefore, this study aims to delineate the process of developing a rubric to measure primary school children’s (age 7 to 12) creativity when creating games as a digital game designer. The constructs of the rubric were enthused by Torrance Creativity Theory which highlighted on originality, fluency, flexibility and elaboration that adapted to fit the concept of the game design process. The development of the rubric underwent three distinctive phases; i) library research; ii) feasibility study; and iii) expert evaluation. Cohen’s Kappa Coefficient formula was used to validate with average value κ = .81 (excellent) and the reliability was measured by Cronbach’s Alpha formula with value α = .88 (excellent). Researchers found that by adopting the concept of game-based learning specifically through game design activity, children’s creativity was significantly enhanced. The rubric of children’s creativity would be essential for sustainable performance of quality education to produce a generation of critical thinkers, problem solvers while celebrating children’s uniqueness and diversity in line to develop creative personality towards digital generation.
Classification and Comparison of License Plates Localization Algorithms
Authors: Saidallah Mustapha , Taki Fatimazahra , El Belrhiti El Alaoui Abdelbaki , El Fergougui Abdeslam
Published: May 2021

The Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are the subject of a world economic competition. They are the application of new information and communication technologies in the transport sector, to make the infrastructures more efficient, more reliable and more ecological. License Plates Recognition (LPR) is the key module of these systems, in which the License Plate Localization (LPL) is the most important stage, because it determines the speed and robustness of this module. Thus, during this step the algorithm must process the image and overcome several constraints as climatic and lighting conditions, sensors and angles variety, LPs’ no-standardization, and the real time processing. This paper presents a classification and comparison of License Plates Localization (LPL) algorithms and describes the advantages, disadvantages and improvements made by each of them.
General Purpose Image Tampering Detection using Convolutional Neural Network and Local Optimal Oriented Pattern (LOOP)
Authors: Aminu Ali Ahmad , Nnanna Agwu Nwojo
Published: May 2021

Digital image tampering detection has been an active area of research in recent times due to the ease with which digital image can be modified to convey false or misleading information. To address this problem, several studies have proposed forensics algorithms for digital image tampering detection. While these approaches have shown remarkable improvement, most of them only focused on detecting a specific type of image tampering. The limitation of these approaches is that new forensic method must be designed for each new manipulation approach that is developed. Consequently, there is a need to develop methods capable of detecting multiple tampering operations. In this paper, we proposed a novel general purpose image tampering scheme based on CNNs and Local Optimal Oriented Pattern (LOOP) which is capable of detecting five types of image tampering in both binary and multiclass scenarios. Unlike the existing deep learning techniques which used constrained pre-processing layers to suppress the effect of image content in order to capture image tampering traces, our method uses LOOP features, which can effectively subdue the effect image content, thus, allowing the proposed CNNs to capture the needed features to distinguish among different types of image tampering. Through a number of detailed experiments, our results demonstrate that the proposed general purpose image tampering method can achieve high detection accuracies in individual and multiclass image tampering detections respectively and a comparative analysis of our results with the existing state of the arts reveals that the proposed model is more robust than most of the exiting methods.
ÇAMŞIHI YÖRESİ ÂŞIKLIK GELENEĞİ İÇİNDE KADIN ÂŞIK ÂŞIK HATİCE MİHRAP
Authors: TEMÜRTÜRKAN Derya
Published: May 2021

Âşıklar içinde yaşadıkları toplumun dünya görüşünü, inançlarını, geleneklerini, sanat zevkini yansıtan ve yaşatan gelecek nesillere aktarılmasını sağlayan halk sanatçıları olarak bilinmektedirler. Âşıkların binlerce deyiş, düvaz, mersiye, miraçlama ve semahları belleklerinde tuttukları göz önüne alınırsa her birinin ayrı bir araştırma konusu olduğu görülecektir. 1950 yıllarından itibaren kentli yaşam tarzının ve teknolojik gelişimlerin etkisiyle icra ve aktarım yönünden farklılaştığı da bir gerçektir. Buna rağmen Âşıklık kurumu’nun çizgisini koruduğu görülmüştür. Âşık Edebiyatının Sivas’taki ilk temsilcilerine XVI.yy. da rastlanılmıştır. Pir Sultan Abdal, Pir Ali, Pir Garip, Kul Hüseyin XVII.yy. da Hüseyin Abdal, Kul Mustafa, Senem, Karaoğlan XVIII. yy. da Hayrani, Sefil Öksüz, Kul Mehmet gibi. Yöre yüzyıllardan bu yana getirmiş olduğu değişik kültürel gelenekler ve inançlar sayesinde, hala devam etmekte olan çok güçlü bir halk şiiri geleneğine sahiptir.
Sivas ilinin Çamşıhı bölgesi ise âşıklık geleneği, tavır, üslup, folklorik zenginlik ve kadın âşıkların yoğunluğu bakımından özel bir bölgedir. Kadın âşıklar yirminci yüz yılın ikinci yarısından itibaren konu olarak işlenmeye başlanmıştır. Yörede yüzyıllardır süregelen, sözlü kültür süreci kültür birikimi ve bu kabullerin geçerli olması ve bunun genç kuşaklara aktarılması halen kültürün canlı bir şekilde yaşamasını sağlamıştır.
Bu çalışma sürecinde Âşıklık geleneğinin temel unsurları olan mahlas alma, rüya sonrası âşık olma, usta çırak, Atışma karşılaşma, saz çalma, Çamsıhı köyleri âşıklık geleneği, katılımcı gözlem ve etnografi temelli kültür analizi ile elde edilmiş veriler ve kaynaklar toplanmıştır, Âşıklık geleneğini hala sürdüren kaynak kişiler tespit edilerek, âşıklık geleneği ve uygulamaları hakkında görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Sivas Çamşıhı Başören köyünde yaşamış olan köylüsü Âşık Celal Şahin ve üvey oğlu Hacı Şahin’le görüşülüp alan çalışmasında bulunulmuş ve Badeli âşık olan yörede farklı adlarla anılan (Âşık Fatoğ, Âşık Kız), Hatice Mihrap mahlasıyla bilinen kadın saz şairinin hayatı ve eserleri incelenmiştir.
GAZİANTEP İL MERKEZİNDE PERFORMANS BAĞLAMINDA KADIN DANS GRUPLARI VE KADIN ORKESTRALARI
Authors: YILDIZ Hatice
Published: May 2021

Geçmişten günümüze gelen Türk toplumunun muhafazakâr yapısı ve geleneksel düşüncesiyle kadının eğlence hayatı daha dar, kısıtlı ve iç mekânlarda ortaya çıkmıştır. Kadınlar yaşamın geçiş dönemlerindeki törenleri, kendi aralarında yaptıkları toplantı ve eğlenceleri belirli zaman ve süre içerisinde yapmışlardır. Kadınların eğlence ihtiyaçları yeterince karşılanamamıştır. Günümüzde ise kadınların kendi aralarında yaptıkları kına geceleri, düğünler, hamam eğlenceleri ya da özel gün ve toplantılarda eğlence anlayışları farklılaşmıştır. Farklılaşan eğlence anlayışında geleneksel kodlara bağlı kalınmayıp, popüler kültürün getirdiği yenilikler de eğlence ortamlarına girmiş ve Türk toplumundaki kadının eğlence ortamları farklı mecralara taşınmış ve değişmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Gaziantep’te geçiş dönemlerindeki kına geceleri, düğünler ve hamam eğlencelerinde kadının yeri ve kadınların kendi aralarında yaptıkları özel günler ve toplantı eğlenceler betimsel olarak kaynak tarama yöntemi ve görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Sonrasında ise günümüzde Gaziantep’teki kadınların kendi aralarında yaptıkları eğlencelerin nasıl olduğu, nelerin değiştiği araştırılmış ve Gaziantep’teki kadın dans grupları ve kadın orkestralarını oluşturan organizasyon şirketleri hakkında görüşme tekniğiyle bilgiler toplanılmıştır.
WILLIAM JAMES ON THE PRAGMATIC CONCEPTION OF TRUTH AND HUMAN KNOWLEDGE: A REFORMATIONAL REFLECTION
Authors: Sampurna Lima Jadi
Published: May 2021

At a glance, William James’ conception of truth in epistemology, especially in its critique of Modernism’s a-temporal, a-contextual, and absolutist conception of truth sounds very similar with a critique from Herman Dooyeweerd of the Reformational tradition. In this article, I would show what those similarities are and how the two systems are radically different. This research may be significant for Pragmatism is widely known and accepted in the late 20th century and well into the 21st century. Pragmatism is quite successful in grounding the elitist and abstract discourse of the academia to its daily contexts.

KEYWORDS: James; Dooyeweerd; Truth; Pragmatism; Refomational Epistemology.
KRITIK TERHADAP ETIKA SITUASI JOSEPH FLETCHER
Authors: Suryadi Tommy , Intan Benyamin
Published: May 2021

Joseph Fletcher’s theory of situational ethics is so influential since the 20th century until this day. The fruits of his thoughts have spread to all aspects including medical ethics and medical law. Fletcher claimed that the situational ethics that he presented had its source from Lord Jesus’ and Apostle Paul’s teachings. But the theory of situational ethics is not agreed upon by all streams in Christianity including the Reformed stream. In this article, many points of Joseph Fletcher’s situational ethics in his book ‘Situation Ethics: The New Morality’ are discussed and analyzed according to Reformed perspective.

KEYWORDS: situational ethics; Joseph Fletcher; love; Reformed.
PERBANDINGAN LUTHER DAN CALVIN DALAM PENAFSIRAN TERHADAP KHOTBAH DI BUKIT
Authors: Siwalette Joshua Timothy
Published: May 2021

The Sermon on the Mount is one of the most famous passages in the Bible, but unfortunately it has a polemic interpretation in the reformed circles. This article analyzes two interpretations of the Sermon on the Mount from two well-known reformed figures, John Calvin and Martin Luther, to discover the heart of the problem. This article shows that Calvin's interpretation is more responsible than Luther's, but there is a beautiful legitimate application that readers can learn from Luther.

Keywords: Interpretation, Sermon on the Mount, John Calvin, Martin Luther, historical criticism, law and gospel.
Urban inland wintertime N2O5 and ClNO2 influenced by snow-covered ground, air turbulence, and precipitation
Authors: Kulju Kathryn D. , McNamara Stephen M. , Chen Qianjie , Edebeli Jacinta , Fuentes Jose D. , Bertman Steven B. , Pratt Kerri A.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The atmospheric multiphase reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) with chloride-containing aerosol particles produces nitryl chloride (ClNO2), which has been observed across the globe. The photolysis of ClNO2 produces chlorine radicals and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which alter pollutant fates and air quality. However, the effects of local meteorology on near-surface ClNO2 production are not yet well understood, as most observational and modeling studies focus on periods of clear conditions. During a field campaign in Kalamazoo, Michigan from January–February 2018, N2O5 and ClNO2 were measured using chemical ionization mass spectrometry, with simultaneous measurements of atmospheric particulate matter and meteorological parameters. We examine the impacts of atmospheric turbulence, precipitation (snow, rain) and fog, and ground cover (snow-covered and bare ground) on the abundances of ClNO2 and N2O5. N2O5 mole ratios were lowest during periods of lower turbulence and were not statistically significantly different between snow-covered and bare ground. In contrast, ClNO2 mole ratios were highest, on average, over snow-covered ground, due to saline snowpack ClNO2 production. Both N2O5 and ClNO2 mole ratios were lowest, on average, during rainfall and fog because of scavenging, with N2O5 scavenging by fog droplets likely contributing to observed increased particulate nitrate concentrations. These observations, specifically those during active precipitation and with snow-covered ground, highlight important processes, including N2O5 and ClNO2 wet scavenging, fog nitrate production, and snowpack ClNO2 production, that govern the variability in observed atmospheric chlorine and nitrogen chemistry and are missed when considering only clear conditions.
Estimation of the terms acting on local surface one-hour temperature variations in Paris region: the specific contribution of clouds
Authors: Rojas Oscar , Chiriaco Marjolaine , Bastin Sophie , Ringard Justine
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Local temperature variations at the surface are mainly dominated by small-scale processes coupled through the surface energy budget terms, which depend mostly on radiation availability and thus cloud processes. A method to determine each of these terms based almost exclusively on observations is presented in this paper, with the main objective to estimate their importance in hourly surface temperature variations at the SIRTA observatory, near Paris. Almost all terms are estimated from the multi-year dataset SIRTA-ReOBS, following a few parametrizations. The four main terms acting on temperature variations are radiative forcing (separated into clear-sky and cloud radiation), atmospheric heat exchange, ground heat exchange, and advection. Compared to direct measurements of hourly temperature variations, it is shown that the sum of the four terms gives a good estimate of the hourly temperature variations, allowing a better assessment of the contribution of each term to the variation, with an accurate diurnal and annual cycles representation, especially for the radiative terms. A random forest analysis shows that whatever the season, clouds are the main modulator of the clear sky radiation for 1-hour temperature variations during the day, and mainly drive these 1-hour temperature variations during the night. Then, the specific role of clouds is analyzed exclusively in cloudy conditions considering the behavior of some classical meteorological variables along with lidar profiles. Cloud radiative effect in shortwave and longwave and lidar profiles show a consistent seasonality during the daytime, with a dominance of mid- and high-level clouds detected at the SIRTA observatory, which also affects surface temperatures and upward sensible heat flux. During the nighttime, despite cloudy conditions and having a strong cloud longwave radiative effect, temperatures are the lowest and are therefore mostly controlled by larger-scale processes at this time.
Air traffic and contrail changes over Europe during COVID-19: a model study
Authors: Schumann Ulrich , Poll Ian , Teoh Roger , Koelle Rainer , Spinielli Enrico , Molloy Jarlath , Koudis George S. , Baumann Robert , Bugliaro Luca , Stettler Marc , Voigt Christiane
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The strong reduction of air traffic during the COVID-19
pandemic provides a unique test case for the relationship between air traffic
density, contrails, and their radiative forcing of climate change. Here, air
traffic and contrail cirrus changes are quantified for a European domain for
March to August 2020 and compared to the same period in 2019. Traffic data
show a 72 % reduction in flight distance compared with 2019. This paper
investigates the induced contrail changes in a model study. The contrail
model results depend on various methodological details as discussed in
parameter studies. In the reference case, the reduced traffic caused a
reduction in contrail length. The reduction is slightly stronger than
expected from the traffic change because the weather conditions in 2020 were
less favorable for contrail formation than in 2019. Contrail coverage over
Europe with an optical depth larger than 0.1 decreased from 4.6 % in 2019
to 1.4 % in 2020; the total cirrus cover amount changed by 28 % to 25 %. The
reduced contrail coverage caused 70 % less longwave and 73 % less
shortwave radiative forcing but, because of various nonlinearities, only 54 % less net forcing in this case. The methods include recently developed
models for performance parameters and soot emissions. The overall propulsion
efficiency of the aircraft is about 20 % smaller than estimated in
earlier studies, resulting in 3 % fewer contrails. Considerable
sensitivity to soot emissions is found, highlighting fuel and engine
importance. The contrail model includes a new approximate method to account
for water vapor exchange between contrails and background air and for
radiative forcing changes due to contrail–contrail overlap. The water vapor
exchange reduces available ice supersaturation in the atmosphere, which is
critical for contrail formation. Contrail–contrail overlap changes the
computed radiative forcing considerably. Comparisons to satellite
observations are described and discussed in a parallel publication.
Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign
Authors: Friedrich Nils , Eger Philipp , Shenolikar Justin , Sobanski Nicolas , Schuladen Jan , Dienhart Dirk , Hottmann Bettina , Tadic Ivan , Fischer Horst , Martinez Monica , Rohloff Roland , Tauer Sebastian , Harder Hartwig , Pfannerstill Eva Y. , Wang Nijing , Williams Jonathan , Brooks James , Drewnick Frank , Su Hang , Li Guo , Cheng Yafang , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. We present shipborne measurements of NOx (≡ NO + NO2) and NOy (≡ NOx+ gas- and
particle-phase organic and inorganic oxides of nitrogen) in summer 2017 as
part of the expedition “Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian BAsin” (AQABA). The NOx and NOz (≡ NOy-NOx)
measurements, made with a thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer
(TD-CRDS), were used to examine the chemical mechanisms involved in the
processing of primary NOx emissions and their influence on the NOy
budget in chemically distinct marine environments, including the
Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Arabian Gulf, which were influenced
to varying extents by emissions from shipping and oil and gas production.
Complementing the TD-CRDS measurements, NO and NO2 data sets from a
chemiluminescence detector (CLD) were used in the analysis. In all regions,
we find that NOx is strongly connected to ship emissions, both via
direct emission of NO and via the formation of HONO and its subsequent
photolytic conversion to NO. The role of HONO was assessed by calculating
the NOx production rate from its photolysis. Mean NO2 lifetimes
were 3.9 h in the Mediterranean Sea, 4.0 h in the Arabian Gulf, and
5.0 h in the Red Sea area. The cumulative loss of NO2 during the
night (reaction with O3) was more important than daytime losses
(reaction with OH) over the Arabian Gulf (by a factor 2.8) and over the Red
Sea (factor 2.9), whereas over the Mediterranean Sea, where OH levels were
high, daytime losses dominated (factor 2.5). Regional ozone production
efficiencies (OPEs; calculated from the correlation between Ox and
NOz, where Ox= O3+ NO2) ranged from 10.5 ± 0.9 to 19.1 ± 1.1. This metric quantifies the relative strength of
photochemical O3 production from NOx compared to the competing
sequestering into NOz species. The largest values were found over the
Arabian Gulf, consistent with high levels of O3 found in that region
(10–90 percentiles range: 23–108 ppbv). The fractional contribution of
individual NOz species to NOy exhibited a large regional
variability, with HNO3 generally the dominant component (on average
33 % of NOy) with significant contributions from organic nitrates
(11 %) and particulate nitrates in the PM1 size range (8 %).
Shape dependence of snow crystal fall speed
Authors: Vázquez-Martín Sandra , Kuhn Thomas , Eliasson Salomon
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Improved snowfall predictions require accurate knowledge of the
properties of ice crystals and snow particles, such as their size,
cross-sectional area, shape, and fall speed.
The fall speed of ice particles is a critical
parameter for the representation
of ice clouds and snow in atmospheric numerical
models, as it determines the rate of
removal of ice from the modelled clouds.
Fall speed is also required for snowfall predictions alongside
other properties such as ice particle size,
cross-sectional area, and shape. For example,
shape is important as it strongly influences the
scattering properties of these ice particles and thus their
response to remote sensing techniques. This work analyzes fall speed as a function of particle size (maximum dimension),
cross-sectional area, and
shape using ground-based in situ
measurements. The measurements for this study were done in Kiruna, Sweden, during
the snowfall seasons of 2014 to 2019, using the ground-based in situ
instrument Dual Ice Crystal Imager (D-ICI).
The resulting data consist of high-resolution images of falling hydrometeors
from two viewing geometries that are used to
determine particle size (maximum dimension), cross-sectional area,
area ratio, orientation, and the fall speed of individual
particles.
The selected dataset covers sizes from about 0.06 to 3.2 mm and fall
speeds from 0.06 to 1.6 m s−1. Relationships between particle
size, cross-sectional area, and fall speed are studied for different shapes. The data show in general low correlations to fitted fall speed relationships
due to large spread observed in fall speed.
After binning the data according to size or cross-sectional area,
correlations improve, and we can report reliable parameterizations
of fall speed vs. particle size or cross-sectional area for part of the shapes.
For most of these shapes, the fall speed is better correlated with cross-sectional
area than with particle size.
The effects of orientation and area ratio on the fall speed are also
studied, and measurements show that vertically oriented particles fall faster on average. However, most
particles for which orientation can be defined fall
horizontally.
Eddies in motion: visualizing boundary-layer turbulence above an open boreal peatland using UAS thermal videos
Authors: Alekseychik Pavel , Katul Gabriel , Korpela Ilkka , Launiainen Samuli
Published: May 2021

Abstract. High-resolution thermal infrared (TIR) imaging is opening up new
vistas in biosphere–atmosphere heat exchange studies. The rapidly developing
unmanned aerial systems (UASs) and specially designed cameras offer
opportunities for TIR survey with increasingly high resolution, reduced
geometric and radiometric noise, and prolonged flight times. A
state-of-the-art science platform is assembled using a Matrice 210 V2 drone
equipped with a Zenmuse XT2 thermal camera and deployed over a pristine
boreal peatland with the aim of testing its performance in a heterogeneous
sedge-fen ecosystem. The study utilizes the capability of the UAS platform
to hover for prolonged times (about 20 min) at a height of 500 m a.g.l.
while recording high frame rate (30 Hz) TIR videos of an area of ca.
430 × 340 m. A methodology is developed to derive thermal signatures of
near-ground coherent turbulent structures impinging on the land surface,
surface temperature spectra, and heat fluxes from the retrieved videos. The
size, orientation, and movement of the coherent structures are computed from
the surface temperature maps, and their dependency on atmospheric conditions
is examined. A range of spectral and wavelet-based approaches are used to
infer the properties of the dominant turbulent scene structures. A
ground-based eddy-covariance system and an in situ meteorological setup are
used for reference.