bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China’s road towards sustainable development: Geography bridges science and solution
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Leng Shuying , He Canfei , Peng Jian , Piao Shilong , Wang Xuejun
Published: May 2019

Seventeen sustainable development goals (SDGs) were put forward at the United Nations Development Summit in 2015 when releasing “Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. However, the international community still lacks understanding of how to make a bridge between scientific research and SDGs. China has experienced 40 years of rapid economic growth and social development, which have imposed considerable challenges on sustainable development. Although many disciplines have made contributions to promoting sustainable development in China, how to bridge SDGs and scientific research is still not fully clear. In this paper, we review the contribution of geographers to this issue to provide references for further international efforts towards meeting the SDGs. We consider three aspects in particular: the sensitive process capture of regional responses and feedbacks to global change; the cognition and geographical solution of human–environment conflicts; and the mutual promotion of spatial governance and geographical practices. The contribution of geography as a discipline to the sustainable development of China is an epitome of geographers’ efforts over the world. The practices experienced in China show that geography has played an irreplaceable role in promoting sustainable development, and can deal effectively with the challenges posed to the academic community by SDGs. As a discipline, geography has been deeply integrated into sustainable development. In the future, geography should become a key discipline in integrating many disciplines involved in sustainable development studies, and provide real-time decision support systems for sustainable development by combining big data and artificial intelligence.
Is the presence of neck pain associated with more severe clinical presentation in patients with migraine? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bragatto Marcela Mendes , Bevilaqua-Grossi Débora , Benatto Mariana Tedeschi , Lodovichi Samuel Straceri , Pinheiro Carina Ferreira , Carvalho Gabriela Ferreira , Dach Fabiola , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Florencio Lidiane Lima
Published: May 2019

Objective

To investigate the association between the presence of self-reported neck pain in patients with migraine and clinical features, upper cervical mobility, and neck muscle performance.

Methods

A total of 142 patients with migraine were recruited and stratified by the presence (n = 99) or absence of self-reported neck pain (n = 43). The clinical examination included the Migraine Disability Assessment, the 12-item Allodynia Symptom Checklist, a flexion rotation test, and the Craniocervical Flexion Test.

Results

Migraine-related disability was reported by more than 80% in both groups ( p = 0.82). However, there was a greater prevalence and severity of cutaneous allodynia observed in the group with neck pain ( p < 0.001). Reduced upper cervical mobility was verified in 67% of the patients with neck pain and in 41% of those without neck pain ( p = 0.005). In addition, 67% of the patients with neck pain and 40% without neck pain were not able to maintain the third stage of the Craniocervical Flexion Test without compensation ( p = 0.003).

Conclusions

The presence of self-reported neck pain in patients with migraine was associated with a poor clinical presentation regarding cutaneous allodynia, neck mobility, and muscle function. However, there were no differences in migraine-related disability.
Practical Approach to Mix Design with High Binder and Aggregate Replacement in Iowa using Fractionation
Authors: Podolsky Joseph H. , Sotoodeh-Nia Zahra , Huisman Theodore , Williams R. Christopher , Cochran Eric W.
Published: May 2019

A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effect of fractionated reclaimed asphalt pavement (FRAP) materials on the performance of a standard surface hot mix asphalt (HMA), as well as a HMA crack relief interlayer. The surface mix contained a PG58-28S binder, 3.3% of a bio-rejuvenator (0.12% by total mix weight), and 50% FRAP containing 30% fine fraction and 70% coarse fraction. The interlayer mix contained a polymer modified PG76-28 binder, 3.5% of the bio-rejuvenator (0.16% by total mix weight), and 50% FRAP containing 100% fine fraction. The surface mix was evaluated for HMA rutting resistance, moisture susceptibility, and low temperature fracture resistance, while the interlayer mix was evaluated for interlayer fatigue resistance. The rejuvenated FRAP surface mix performed better than the control FRAP surface mix in rutting and moisture susceptibility (stripping inflection point of 19,582 versus 17,805 for the control), and had a 100% improvement in low temperature fracture (768 J/m2 versus 354 J/m2 for the control) all due to the addition of 0.12% of a bio-rejuvenator by total mix weight. From the interlayer test there was a 57.7% and 33.6% improvement in number of cycles to failure and cumulative dissipated energy due to the addition of 0.16% of a bio-rejuvenator by total mix weight. Neither the FRAP control nor rejuvenated FRAP interlayer mixtures passed the interlayer test criteria. There is room for further improvement in the future, however, and the bio-rejuvenator is shown to improve performance substantially for mixtures with high asphalt binder and high aggregate replacement.
Steel Material Degradation Assessment Via Vibro-Acoustic Modulation Technique
Authors: Ramezani Majid G. , Golchinfar Behnoush , Donskoy Dimitri , Hassiotis Sophia , Venkiteela Giri
Published: May 2019

The increasing probability of collapse in defective structures owing to aging is one of the major issues in transportation. Therefore, different methodologies that are capable of monitoring structural components have been used to identify defects and predict failure. Among these methods, the non-linear vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) technique has been implemented for many years in a variety of industries, such as aerospace. This method utilizes the effect of nonlinear interactions between a high frequency ultrasonic wave (carrier signal) and a much lower frequency structural vibration (modulating signal). This interaction takes place at nonlinear interfaces (cracks, bolted connections, delaminations, etc.) manifesting itself in the spectrum as side-band components around the carrier frequency. In this study, the VAM method was investigated as a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method for fracture critical members (FCMs) in steel bridges. The results of the experimental studies revealed that using the VAM technique on test specimens during the tension only fatigue tests would provide some useful information on the existence of micro-cracks and on failure prediction. The use of the VAM technique for center-notched rectangular test specimens of structural steel under low-amplitude fatigue loading at a frequency of 10 Hz is capable of predicting the failure at 70–80% of the fatigue lifetime of the specimen. Moreover, in this investigation utilizing fatigue cycling as a modulating signal was successfully substituted for the conventional utilization of resonance structural bending vibrations.
Persistent Homelessness and Violent Victimization Among Older Adults in the HOPE HOME Study
Authors: Tong Michelle S. , Kaplan Lauren M. , Guzman David , Ponath Claudia , Kushel Margot B.
Published: May 2019

The homeless population is aging; older homeless adults may be at high risk of experiencing violent victimization. To examine whether homelessness is independently associated with experiencing physical and sexual abuse, we recruited 350 adults, aged 50 and older in Oakland, California, who met criteria for homelessness between July 2013 and June 2014. We interviewed participants at 6-month intervals for 3 years in Oakland about key variables, including housing status. Using generalized estimating equations, we examined whether persistent homelessness in each follow-up period was independently associated with having experienced physical or sexual victimization, after adjusting for known risk factors. The majority of the cohort was men (77.4%) and Black American (79.7%). At baseline, 10.6% had experienced either physical or sexual victimization in the prior 6 months. At 18-month follow-up, 42% of the cohort remained homeless. In adjusted models, persistent homelessness was associated with twice the odds of victimization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.41, 2.87]). Older homeless adults experience high rates of victimization. Re-entering housing reduces this risk. Policymakers should recognize exposure to victimization as a negative consequence of homelessness that may be preventable by housing.
The significance of the Joint Declarations on freedom of expression
Authors: Parmar Sejal
Published: May 2019

This article examines the ‘Joint Declarations on freedom of expression’ from a critical perspective. Since 1999, these Joint Declarations have been adopted annually by the four intergovernmental mechanisms on freedom of expression with the assistance of two non-governmental organisations. This article identifies the factors which contribute to the Joint Declarations’ value, with a specific focus on the collaborative process leading up to their adoption, their progressive content and their demonstrated influence upon courts and other actors. It also acknowledges the limitations of the texts, including their non-binding nature as soft law, their limited impact and lack of visibility. Notwithstanding these issues, this article contends that the Joint Declarations constitute a distinct and potentially influential body of international soft law on freedom of expression, one whose relevance to policy debates deserves broader recognition.
Investigations on joining of orthopaedic scaffold with rapid tooling
Authors: Ranjan Nishant , Singh Rupinder , Ahuja IPS
Published: May 2019

Poly lactic acid reinforced with hydroxyapatite and chitosan is one of the commonly used thermoplastic composite materials in three-dimensional printing of orthopaedic scaffolds. This article is an extension of work reported on hydroxyapatite- and chitosan-reinforced, poly lactic acid–based biocompatible feedstock filament for three-dimensional printing of functional prototypes on low cost commercial fused deposition modelling setup. In this work, joining of orthopaedic scaffolds has been performed with rapid tooling by using friction stir welding process. Finally, the mechanical properties (such as tensile strength and hardness) of the orthopaedic scaffolds joints were studied with support of the photomicrographs and thermal images. The results of study suggest that best settings for joining of micro cracks in orthopaedic scaffolds of poly lactic acid–hydroxyapatite–chitosan are rotational speed of 1000 r/min with length of consumable tool as 4 mm and staring time as 40 s.
Circular economy and energy transition: A nexus focusing on the non-energy use of fuels
Authors: Chen Wei-Ming , Kim Hana
Published: May 2019

Given emerging concerns about climate change, low-carbon energy transition is advocated and promoted. Non-energy use of fossil fuels accounted for 8.9% of the world’s total final energy consumption in 2015. Non-energy use intensity does not show an evident reduction, while energy intensity as fuel per dollar of gross domestic product has decreased thanks to energy transition efforts such as energy efficiency promotion and renewable energy expansion.

 This study conducted an extensive review of the circular economy and energy transition frameworks, and found that the energy transition framework has a critical gap, so it cannot provide a foundation for investigating non-energy use. This study suggests that the energy transition discourse needs to be extended to incorporate the transition of non-energy use and the achievement of a closed loop of non-energy use, which is part of the circular economy framework. The coordinated circular economy–energy transition approach could bring in synergistic effects, such as promoting circular economy activities among industries, reducing energy demand, and attaining additional greenhouse gas mitigation potential.
Obstetric outcomes in patients with primary thrombotic and obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome and its relation to the antiphospholipid antibody profile
Authors: Högdén A , Antovic A , Berg E , Bremme K , Chaireti R
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Previous studies suggested different obstetric outcomes between patients with thrombotic or obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome, but the data are inconclusive. Aims: To investigate obstetric outcomes and their relation to the antiphospholipid antibody profile in primary thrombotic or obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome patients and compare those to a control population. Materials and methods: A retrospective single-centre study on a cohort of 30 pregnant women with primary antiphospholipid syndrome treated at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden between 2000 and 2016. The pregnancy outcomes were compared to the outcomes of all pregnancies in Stockholm County during the same period. Results: Preeclampsia ( p < 0.001), low birth weight at delivery ( p = 0.001), Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes ( p < 0.001) and small infants ( p < 0.001) were more common in antiphospholipid syndrome patients compared to controls. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome patients had a higher incidence of small infants ( p = 0.023), lower birth weight ( p = 0.013) and infants born with complications ( p=0.004) compared to thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome. Mothers with triple antibody positivity had a higher incidence of preeclampsia ( p = 0.03), preterm delivery ( p = 0.011), small infants ( p=0.002) and infants born with complications ( p = 0.012). Conclusions: Patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome, especially those with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome and triple antibody positivity, are at higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, even under antithrombotic treatment. More frequent antenatal controls in high-risk patients can further improve outcomes.
Retrospective Case Series of Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treated with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Shytle R. Douglas , Eve David J. , Kim Soel-Hee , Spiegel Allan , Sanberg Paul R. , Borlongan Cesar V.
Published: May 2019

Returning veterans are frequently diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Considering a recent case-controlled study of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) reporting a reduction in suicidal ideation, we investigated retrospectively three veterans with chronic TBI/PTSD symptoms who were treated with multiple rounds of HBOT with neurophysiological testing performed before and after treatment. Improvements were detected on parameters within neurocognitive domains, including reductions in suicide-related symptoms. These findings independently confirm that HBOT may be effective in treating specific symptoms of TBI/PTSD that are not currently addressed with existing therapeutic approaches.
Bridging the Gap Between Research and Policy: Fostering Advocacy and Policy Engagement in Special Education Doctoral Students
Authors: Nagro Sarah A. , Shepherd Katharine G. , Knackstedt Kimberly , West Jane E. , Nagy Steven
Published: May 2019

For decades, policy scholars have noted a disconnect between educational expertise, research, and policy-making, undermining the potential for coherent and effective policy development and implementation of reform initiatives. To help leverage the use of scholarship in the policy-making process, we argue that the scholarly community must refocus its efforts and adopt multiple strategies for ensuring engagement with policy-making, including strategies implemented during doctoral training. This article presents results of an exploratory mixed-methods study conducted to assess the effectiveness of a doctoral student professional development opportunity referred to as the “Short Course,” established to introduce special education doctoral students to the policy-making process through an applied experience in Washington, D.C. Survey data gathered over 3 years from participants and sponsoring faculty suggest the potential for this type of an approach to increase advocacy and policy engagement among future special education researchers, faculty, and leaders.
Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Risk of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Zeng Jie , Zhang Xuhui , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Shu Xiaochen , Thabane Lehana , Tian Junzhang , Li Guowei
Published: May 2019

Efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for preventing primary and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the most up-to-date evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our primary outcomes included the benefit outcome (VTE) and safety outcome (major bleeding). A random-effects model was used to pool the relative risks (RRs) for data syntheses. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool was used to evaluate the quality of the entire body of evidence across studies. We included 11 RCTs with a total of 3741 patients with cancer for analyses. The DOACs were significantly related with a reduced risk of VTE when compared with non-DOACs: RR = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61-0.99, P = .04. Nonsignificant trend towards a higher risk of major bleeding was found in DOACs: RR = 1.28 95% CI: 0.81-2.02, P = .29. The quality of the entire body of evidence was graded as moderate for risk of VTE, and low for risk of major bleeding. To summarize, DOACs were found to have a favorable effect on risk of VTE but a nonsignificant higher risk of major bleeding compared with non-DOACs in patients with cancer. The safety effect of DOACs in patients with cancer requires further evaluation in adequately powered and designed studies.
Drivability evaluation model using principal component analysis and optimized extreme learning machine
Authors: Huang Wei , Liu Hai Jiang , Ma Yi Fei
Published: May 2019

The accuracy of the evaluation method is essential to optimize the control system and improve a vehicle’s drivability quality. This study aimed at exploring a more effective drivability evaluation method and a drivability evaluation model was proposed on the basis of principal component analysis and optimization of an extreme learning machine. The drivability evaluation model was built using an extreme learning machine. The input of the model was determined by the principal component analysis method, and the optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer of the drivability evaluation model was obtained by a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The experimental results show that considering the evaluation index coupling factors can improve the prediction accuracy of the evaluation model. The R correlation between the score predicted by the drivability evaluation model proposed in this paper and the actual score reached 0.979, and the predicted pass rate also reached 95%, which indicate the model was more accurate and stable than others. The evaluation model can be extended to fuel economy and handling stability. It also has theoretical guidance and application value in practical problems.
The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on the Nature of New Enrollees’ Emergency Department Use
Authors: Ladhania Rahul , Haviland Amelia M. , Venkat Arvind , Telang Rahul , Pines Jesse M.
Published: May 2019

We examine changes in emergency department (ED) visit acuity and care intensity for uninsured patients who gained Medicaid insurance in 2014 under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. We use 2013-2015 longitudinal patient visit-level data from 30 EDs across 7 states from an emergency medicine group. We examine changes in ED use by previously uninsured Medicaid patients and patients remaining uninsured who were repeat ED users (≥1 visit before and after expansion) using a propensity-score weighted approach with statistical machine learning to estimate the weights. Compared with those remaining uninsured in nonexpansion states, newly covered Medicaid patients in expansion states showed a 29% relative increase in hospital admissions and 32% increase in admissions for nonambulatory care sensitive conditions with no increases in care intensity. Obtaining Medicaid insurance increased the relative proportion of ED visits requiring hospital admission suggesting increased outpatient access for low-acuity conditions previously addressed with ED care.
Effect of storage temperature on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of pasta filata soft cheese containing probiotic lactobacilli
Authors: Cuffia Facundo , Pavón Yanina , George Guillermo , Reinheimer Jorge , Burns Patricia
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to manufacture pasta filata cheeses added with two probiotic lactobacilli: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, either individually or combined, and to evaluate the effect of the storage temperature (4 and 12 °C) on their chemical, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics. Three cheese types were made: (i) G: containing L. rhamnosus GG, (ii) L: containing L. acidophilus LA5, and (iii) GL: containing both probiotic strains. Gross composition, pH, microbiological, and sensory characteristics were determined. No differences in gross composition were found among them. pH values remained above 5.2 in cheeses stored at 4 °C. However, a postacidification was observed in cheeses ripened at 12 °C. L. acidophilus LA5 was not able to grow, while L. rhamnosus GG grew 1.5 log10 CFU/g in G and GL cheeses stored at 12 °C, reducing the pH from day 8 onwards. These results emphasize the importance of the storage temperature since the good characteristics of probiotic cheeses are kept if the cold-chain is respected. Thus, the selection of probiotics, together with the food matrix and the starter, should be carefully evaluated.
Toxicity of Flame Retardant Isopropylated Triphenyl Phosphate: Liver, Adrenal, and Metabolic Effects
Authors: Wade Michael G. , Kawata Alice , Rigden Marc , Caldwell Don , Holloway Alison C.
Published: May 2019

The use of organophosphates phosphate flame retardants, particularly isopropylated triphenyl phosphate (IPTPP), has increased in recent years as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ethers. This is despite limited understanding of the hazards of IPTPP. To examine the general and endocrine toxicity of IPTPP, adult Wistar rats were fed for 90 days on diets containing IPTPP estimated to deliver daily doses of 5 to 140 mg/kg/d. Exposure to IPTPP caused a dose-related increase in liver and adrenal gland weight in both sexes. Cells in the zona fasciculate (ZF) of the adrenal cortex were observed to be filled with droplets that stained with Nile red, suggesting they contained neutral lipid. Despite marked structural changes, there was no change in basal or stress-induced serum levels of their major secreted ZF product corticosterone (B), suggesting cell function was not altered. There were no effects on responses to glucose or insulin challenge, but serum levels of fructosamine were elevated by IPTPP exposure, suggesting a slight tendency of exposed animals to be hyperglycemic. Serum levels of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly elevated in both sexes at the 2 highest doses. This study demonstrates that IPTPP exposure causes hypertrophy and neutral lipid accumulation in adrenal cortex ZF cells but does not result in impaired B production.
Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: Kelsey Ryan , Manderson Koivula Fiona N , McClenaghan Neville H , Kelly Catriona
Published: May 2019

Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) is among the most common extrapulmonary co-morbidity associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), affecting an estimated 50% of adults with the condition. Cystic fibrosis is prevalent in 1 in every 2500 Caucasian live births and is caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR) gene. Mutated CFTR leads to dehydrated epithelial surfaces and a build-up of mucus in a variety of tissues including the lungs and pancreas. The leading cause of mortality in CF is repeated respiratory bacterial infections, which prompts a decline in lung function. Co-morbid diabetes promotes bacterial colonisation of the airways and exacerbates the deterioration in respiratory health. Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes is associated with a 6-fold higher mortality rate compared with those with CF alone. The management of CFRD adds a further burden for the patient and creates new therapeutic challenges for the clinical team. Several proposed hypotheses on how CFRD develops have emerged, including exocrine-driven fibrosis and destruction of the entire pancreas and contrasting theories on the direct or indirect impact of CFTR mutation on islet function. The current review outlines recent data on the impact of CFTR on endocrine pancreatic function and discusses the use of conventional diabetic therapies and new CFTR-correcting drugs on the treatment of CFRD.
Incidence, Mortality, and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Cases Across Canada
Authors: Ghazawi Feras M. , Le Michelle , Lagacé François , Cyr Janelle , Alghazawi Nebras , Zubarev Andrei , Roy Simon F. , Rahme Elham , Netchiporouk Elena , Roshdy Osama , Glassman Steven J. , Sasseville Denis , Litvinov Ivan V.
Published: May 2019

Background:

We recently reported a steady increase in the incidence and mortality of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Canada during 1992-2010.

Objectives:

The objective of this article is to examine the distribution of Canadian CMM patients at the level of provinces, cities, and forward sortation area (FSA) postal codes.

Methods:

Using 3 Canadian population-based registries, we conducted an in-depth examination of the incidence and mortality trends for 72 565 Canadian CMM patients over the period 1992-2010.

Results:

We found that among 20- to 39-year-olds, the incidence of CMM in women (7.17 per 100 000 individuals) was significantly higher than in men (4.60 per 100 000 individuals per year). Women age 80 years and older had an incidence of CMM (58.46 cases per 100 000 women per year) more than 4 times greater than the national average (12.29 cases per 100 000 population per year) and a corresponding high mortality rate (20.18 deaths per 100 000 women per year), when compared with the Canadian melanoma mortality of 2.4 deaths per 100 000 per year. In other age groups men had higher incidence and corresponding melanoma mortality rates. We also studied CMM incidence by province, city, and FSA postal codes and identified several high-incidence communities that were located near the coast/waterfronts. In addition, plotting latitude measures for cities and FSAs vs CMM incidence rate confirmed the inverse relationship between geographical latitude and incidence of melanoma in Canada (slope = –0.22 ± 0.05).

Conclusions:

This research may help develop sex-, age- and geographic region-specific recommendations to decrease the future burden of CMM in Canada.
Arresting (non)Citizenship: The Policing Migration Nexus of Nationality, Race and Criminalization
Authors: Parmar Alpa
Published: May 2019

In this article I examine ‘Operation Nexus’, a collaborative initiative between the police and immigration enforcement in the UK, and its impact on foreign national and minority ethnic suspects of offending. I explain how strategic policing aims to manage migration around notions such as ‘high harm’ offenders, target those who appear ‘foreign’ as well as visible ethnic minority suspects, the latter of which may hold citizenship in the UK. The consequences of Operation Nexus are therefore wider than its stated aim because it legitimizes racial profiling by the police and has negative consequences on notions of belonging for racialized foreign nationals and citizens albeit in different ways. By presenting empirical research with those who implement Operation Nexus as well as those who experience it, I elucidate how the policing of migration revives and extends colonial premises that connect nationality, race and criminalization within the expanding and merging realm of contemporary criminal justice and migration control. I draw on Lerman and Weaver’s thesis that when contemporary criminal justice policies disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities, they create an unequal group of people that are exiled within their own society and disenfranchised from public institutions such as the police.
Effects of exposure to self-harm on social media: Evidence from a two-wave panel study among young adults
Authors: Arendt Florian , Scherr Sebastian , Romer Daniel
Published: May 2019

Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth, and media depictions of suicidal behavior can be a contributing risk factor. Of interest, Instagram recently received more scholarly attention due to its large number of publicly available, explicit, and graphic depictions of self-harm. Importantly, researchers have hypothesized that exposure to this content could be a risk for self-harm and suicide in vulnerable audiences. We tested this hypothesis using a two-wave US panel survey among young adults ( N = 729). Analyses indicated that exposure to self-harm on Instagram was associated with suicidal ideation, self-harm, and emotional disturbance even controlling for exposure to other sources with similar content. As hypothesized, exposure to self-harm on Instagram at the first wave prospectively predicted self-harm and suicidality-related outcomes at the second wave 1 month later. These findings provide evidence that such exposure can lead to contagion in vulnerable users. Implications are discussed.
Laser-assisted directed energy deposition of nickel super alloys: A review
Authors: Jinoop AN , Paul CP , Bindra KS
Published: May 2019

Laser additive manufacturing using directed energy deposition (LAM-DED) is an advanced manufacturing process widely deployed for fabricating near net-shaped engineering components. LAM-DED has been successfully used for processing wide variety of pure metals and their alloys. The list of these metals and alloys is appending rapidly. Among the various materials successfully deployed for LAM-DED, nickel super alloys are extensively used for various engineering applications due to the unique combination of superior properties, such as high temperature strength, oxidation, corrosion resistance, etc. Recent studies show that LAM-DED built nickel super alloys finds wide applications in aerospace and automotive sector for fabricating engineering components, repairing, remanufacturing, and cladding. Considering the importance of LAM-DED and nickel super alloys, significant amount of work is already reported. This paper presents a comprehensive review on LAM-DED of nickel super alloys. It introduces LAM technology and nickel super alloys with a compilation of various lasers and processing parameters deployed for LAM-DED of nickel super alloys. The paper compiles the metallurgy, mechanical properties, processing issues, and effect of post-processing on LAM-DED built nickel super alloys. This paper will serve as a quick-start for novices to understand LAM-DED of nickel super alloys and will be useful as a reference document for researchers and industrialists in the field.
A review of research about the transition from student social worker to practitioner: Exploring diversity
Authors: Battaglia Lana M , Flynn Catherine A
Published: May 2019

With increasing student mobility to and from western host-universities, newly qualified social workers are more likely to enter the field in an unfamiliar context. To examine whether current knowledge appropriately informs education and support for a diversifying cohort of newly qualified social workers in the Australian context, a scoping review was conducted on 53 articles investigating the transition to social work practice. Research conducted over a 45-year period from a broad range of international contexts was included in the review.

Findings

Findings suggest that current understandings do not reflect the needs or experiences of the present cohort of newly qualified social workers as they transition to social work practice. Rather, study samples, mostly derived from western contexts, are notably homogenous, with most participants described by researchers, as ‘white’. Additionally, there is an assumption that students transition to practice within the same context as their education. Current knowledge therefore does not capture the various ways internationally mobile, newly graduated social workers may transition to practice, or how it is experienced.

Applications

Findings suggest that further examination is urgently needed on the pathways navigated to practice by diverse and mobile early career social workers. Further consideration of the influences of diversity and mobility on experience is needed, using more inclusive research methods, to capture the variability and complexity of the transition to practice as the profession diversifies and mobilises.
Inability to act was associated with an extended delay prior to care-seeking, in patients with an acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Nymark Carolin , Henriksson Peter , Mattiasson Anne-Cathrine , Saboonchi Fredrik , Kiessling Anna
Published: May 2019

Background:

The out-of-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction remains unchanged in contrast to a decrease in inhospital mortality. Interventions aiming to shorten patient delay have been largely unsuccessful. A deeper understanding is apparently needed on patients’ appraisal prior to care-seeking.

Aim:

To investigate whether appraisal processes influence patient delay, and if the questionnaire ‘Patients’ appraisal, emotions and action tendencies preceding care seeking in acute myocardial infarction’ (PA-AMI) could discriminate between patients with prolonged care-seeking and those with a short delay.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study including 326 acute myocardial infarction patients filling out the validated questionnaire PA-AMI. The impact of subscales on delay was analysed by projection to latent structures regression. Discrimination opportunities between patients with short and long delays were analysed by projection to latent structures discriminant analysis.

Results:

The subscales ‘perceived inability to act’ and ‘symptom appraisal’ had a major impact on patient delay ( P<0.0001). ‘Perceived inability to act’ had its main influence in patients with a delay exceeding 12 hours, and ‘symptom appraisal’ had its main influence in patients with a delay shorter than one hour.

Conclusion:

Appraisal processes influence patient delay. Acute myocardial infarction patients with a prolonged delay were, besides a low perceived symptom severity and urgency to seek medical care, characterised by a perceived loss of control and ability to act. Therefore, future interventions aimed at decreasing delay should pay attention to appraisal processes, and perceived inability to act may be a sign of a health threat and therefore a signal to seek medical care.
Do Voters Prefer Women Judges? Deconstructing the Competitive Advantage in State Supreme Court Elections
Authors: Gill Rebecca D. , Eugenis Kate
Published: May 2019

Although many people believe that women are disadvantaged by the electoral process, recent research shows women generally do at least as well as men when they run for office. We investigate the gender dynamics of state supreme court elections. We find evidence that women do enjoy an electoral advantage when they run for judicial office. However, unlike previous work, we find that this advantage is highly contingent on the electoral context. Using an original dataset of competitive judicial elections from 1998 to 2014, we find that women only have a significant vote share advantage when they run as a challenger against a sitting incumbent. The advantage does not apply to women as incumbents or in open seat elections. These findings raise important questions about the interplay of institutional barriers and election aversion for the advancement of women in electoral judicial politics.
Discovery of vascular Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitory peptides
Authors: Abbasgholizadeh Reza , Zhang Hua , Craft John W , Bryan Robert M , Bark Steven J , Briggs James M , Fox Robert O , Agarkov Anton , Zimmer Warren E , Gilbertson Scott R , Schwartz Robert J
Published: May 2019

Rho-activated kinases (ROCKs) regulate many cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, and smooth muscle contractility, but they are also associated with pathogenesis of many human diseases such as heart failure and hypertension. We used phage display libraries to identify inhibitory polypeptides that bind to the ROCK1 catalytic domain, but do not compete with the ATP-binding pocket, by screening in the presence of high ATP concentrations (1 mM). Peptide7, a promising ROCK inhibitory peptide for both ROCK isoforms, measured at 1.45 ± 0.28 µM for ROCK1 (1–553) and 5.15 ± 1.15 µM for ROCK2. Peptide7 reduced cellular migration in wound healing assays. The binding epitope on ROCK1 was mapped to the flexible activation loop within the catalytic domain. Peptide alanine scanning mutants helped identify critical amino acids to generate optimized Peptide22. This compact ROCK inhibitor facilitated vascular relaxation, blocked neovascularization of endothelial cells, and inhibited MLC phosphatase phosphorylation. Our novel ROCK peptide inhibitors may provide potential treatment of hypertension and PAH progression.

Impact statement

Rho-activated kinases, known as ROCK(s), are significant signaling components in cells that lead alterations in cellular function. The central role of ROCK in smooth muscle cellular homeostasis makes it an important therapeutic target. Small molecule kinase inhibitors target enzyme active site competing for ATP binding. Although effective, ATP binding active sites are similar among very different kinases, and many small molecule inhibitors suffer from non-specific inactivation which as therapeutics can lead to substantial side effects. Here, we designed experiments to identify ROCK inhibitors that do not target ATP binding, rather develop peptides that inhibit ROCK in the presence of ATP. We identified a peptide that binds the activation loop of the enzyme and effectively inhibits activity. This will allow a development of a new class of drugs with exquisite specificity for the ROCK kinases and potentially revolutionize treatment of high blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and many more diseases.
Minimization of Wound With the Assistance of a Needle Grasper in Single-Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Authors: Kim Beom-Jin , Kim Jong Won , Choi Yoo Shin , Park Yong Gum , Kim Beom Gyu , Park Joong-Min , Lee Seung Eun , Park Byung Kwan , Suh Suk Won , Chi Kyong-Choun
Published: May 2019

Background. Technical difficulties and pain from large wounds have prevented the widespread use of single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of our newly developed needle grasper (Endo Relief)-assisted SILA (NASILA). Methods. For NASILA, about a 12-mm umbilical incision was made, and a glove port was introduced. A needle grasper was then introduced through a 2.5-mm wound on the suprapubic area. For SILA, a 2.5-cm transumbilical wound was made. The medical records of patients who underwent SILA or NASILA from June 2017 to September 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Operative and short-term postoperative outcomes and results of telephone interviews for scars were compared. Results. A total of 49 patients in the SILA group (male: 40.8%) and 12 in the NASILA group (male: 50.0%) were included. Appendicitis status (not perforated:perforated without abscess:perforated with abscess) was significantly different between the 2 groups (SILA vs NASILA, 30:18:1 vs 4:6:2, P = .027). Additional trocars were inserted in 9 patients (18.4%) of the SILA group. The operative time was significantly shorter (43.3 ± 33.6 vs 54.1 ± 15.6 minutes, P = .012), and the highest numerical pain intensity score during the first 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower (2.4 ± 0.7 vs 3.0 ± 0.9, P = .038) in the NASILA group than in the SILA group. Hospital stay, postoperative complications, and complaint of scar were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions. NASILA was not inferior to SILA regarding cosmetic results. Operative convenience is higher in NASILA than in SILA, and the smaller surgical wound in NASILA minimizes postoperative pain.
What Is “Publicly Available Data”? Exploring Blurred Public–Private Boundaries and Ethical Practices Through a Case Study on Instagram
Authors: Ravn Signe , Barnwell Ashley , Barbosa Neves Barbara
Published: May 2019

This article adds to the literature on ethics in digital research by problematizing simple understandings of what constitutes “publicly available data,” thereby complicating common “consent waiver” approaches. Based on our recent study of representations of family life on Instagram, a platform with a distinct visual premise, we discuss the ethical challenges we encountered and our practices for moving forward. We ground this in Lauren Berlant’s concept of “intimate publics” to conceptualize the different understandings of “publics” that appear to be at play. We make the case for a more reflexive approach to social media research ethics that builds on the socio-techno-ethical affordances of the platform to address difficult questions about how to determine social media users’ diverse, and sometimes contradictory, understandings of what is “public.”
A novel deep learning diagnosis scheme for rotating machinery using adaptive local iterative filtering and ensemble hierarchical extreme learning machine
Authors: Tian Yu , Lei Xiaohui , Liu Xiaolian , Liu Mei , Wen Xin , Wang Hao
Published: May 2019

There are many hyper-parameters to be tuned in both machine learning model and deep learning model, and the structure of the deep learning model is large and complicated, making it extremely difficult for fault-feature extraction and classification. In order to address these two problems, a deep learning diagnosis method is proposed in this study by combining adaptive local iterative filtering and ensemble hierarchical extreme learning machine. Adaptive local iterative filtering and entropy feature matrix are used to extract fault features, and an ensemble hierarchical extreme learning machine with deep learning architecture is proposed for unsupervised feature learning and supervised classification. The proposed deep learning diagnosis scheme is tested on fault benchmark datasets under different severity conditions to verify its effectiveness and accuracy. The test results show that the proposed method performs better than traditional extreme learning machine and other variants.
Study of Three dimensional Darcy–Forchheimer squeezing nanofluid flow with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux based on four different types of nanoparticles through entropy generation analysis
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Shah Zahir , Islam Saeed , Khan Waris , Dawar Abdullah
Published: May 2019

In this research article, the unsteady nanofluid flow between two horizontal plates is discussed. The main focus of this study is on the explanation of the relative study of water-based nanofluids with four different types of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles selected for this specific research article are copper oxide [Formula: see text], aluminum oxide [Formula: see text], copper [Formula: see text], and silver [Formula: see text]. The upper plate is moving downward with time-dependent velocity while the lower plate is stretching horizontally. Also the lower plate is made up of porous medium. The stream in permeable region is characterized by Darcy–Forchheimer relation. Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model is used for heat transfer phenomena. Viscous dissipation effect is taken in account. Skin friction and Nusselt number are numerically calculated. Total entropy generation is also discussed for squeezing system. Transformation technique is applied to transform the model from partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Homotopy techniques are applied to solve the problem. The influence of important parameters on velocity, temperature, and entropy profiles have been shown graphically and discussed in detail.
Research on relationship between risk perception and cycling crashes in electric cyclists
Authors: Zheng Changjiang , Liu Yanan , Ma Genghua , Deng Pingxin , Zhang Jing
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to explore the relationship between factors causing accidents and riding risk perception of electric cyclists, and to assess the contribution of these factors to active involvement in accidents. A self-completion questionnaire survey was carried out among 215 electric cyclists in China. The questionnaire included measures of perception of other road users’ driving behaviors, perception of violations, and self-awareness. An evaluation model of riding risk perception was established through factor analysis method. Then correlation and significance analysis was conducted for both level indicators and background variables. This article concluded that the electric cyclist’s perception of motorists’ driving behaviors, pedestrians’ behaviors, and cyclists’ riding behaviors would increase as the electric cyclist’s age grew. Female’s perception of violations was stronger than that of male, while female was weaker than male in self-awareness. Moreover, the riding years, frequency, and experience were positively correlated with riding risk perception. This article can provide guidance for the safety of electric bicycle riding.
China’s personal information protection in a data-driven economy: A privacy policy study of Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent
Authors: Fu Tao
Published: May 2019

By examining the privacy policies of leading Chinese Internet and information service providers (IISPs), this study found their privacy policies to be generally compliant with China’s personal information protection provisions. These IISPs use proper mechanisms showing their commitment, measures and enforcement to data security, but their Fair Information Practices need improvement. Personal information protection in China is severe. Privacy policies offer more ‘notice’ than they do ‘choice’. Chinese IISPs collect and use information extensively in the guise of providing value to users, but have given insufficient consideration to transborder data flows and change of ownership. Societal and technological mechanisms have not been widely sought.