bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Descriptions and synonymies in American Desmiphorini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)
Authors: SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , WAPPES JAMES E. , GALILEO MARIA HELENA M.
Published: January 2018

Estoloides (Parestoloides) Breuning, 1940, and Mimestoloides Breuning, 1974 are synonymized with Estoloides Breuning, 1940. Mimestoloides Breuning, 1980 is synonymized with Spinestoloides Breuning, 1954. Estoloides aurantius Martins & Galileo, 2010 is synonymized with E. scabracaulis Chemsak & Noguera, 1993. Estoloides modica Chemsak & Noguera, 1993 is synonymized with E. chamelae Chemsak & Noguera, 1993. Estoloides (Spinestoloides) spinipennis Breuning, 1974, is synonymized with Esthlogena monticola (Fisher, 1942). Estoloides (Spinestoloides) Breuning, 1954 is considered a genus different from Estoloides. Notes on Pseudestoloides Breuning and Heyrovsky, 1961, Pseudestoloides costaricensis Breuning and Heyrovsky, 1961, Pseudestoloides affinis Martins and Galileo, 2009, and on the type of Estoloides (Parestoloides) costaricensis Breuning, 1940, are provided. Pseudestoloides hiekei Breuning, 1974, is transferred to Estoloides. The following new combinations are established: Spinestoloides monticola; Spinestoloides fasciatus (Martins & Galileo, 2010); Spinestoloides benardi (Breuning, 1980); Estoloides andresi (Breuning, 1974); and Estoloides hiekei (Breuning, 1974). With the synonymy of Estoloides (Parestoloides), the following species have the subgenus removed from their names: Estoloides basigranulata Breuning, 1943: E. costaricensis Breuning, 1940; E. esthlogenoides Breuning, 1943; and E. parva Breuning, 1940. The following new species are described: Estoloides vandenberghei, from Nicaragua; E. maesi, from Nicaragua; E. nayeliae, from Mexico; E. noguerai, from Mexico and Nicaragua; E. chiapensis, from Mexico; E. pubescens, from Mexico; E. schusteri, from Guatemala; E. dthomasi, from Mexico; E. morrisi, from Mexico; E. giesberti, from Honduras; E. uyucana, from Honduras; Spinestoloides hefferni from Panama; and Pseudestoloides bingkirki from Nicaragua. The male of Spinestoloides spinipennis (Breuning, 1954), and the female of Estoloides prolongata are described for the first time. Keys to separate Estoloides, Pseudestoloides and Spinestoloides, from each other, and to species of Pseudestoloides and Spinestoloides are provided. Estoloides chamelae is newly recorded from Chiapas, Colima, Oaxaca and Guerrero in Mexico; E. prolongata is newly recorded from Costa Rica; and E. rufipes is newly recorded from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. The holotypes of Estoloides alboscutellaris Breuning, 1943 (Fig. 13), E. annulicornis Breuning, 1940 (Fig. 14), and E. reflexa Breuning, 1940 (Fig. 15) are also figured for the first time.
On the identity of Deliphrum nepalicum Coiffait, 1977 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini)
Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY V.
Published: January 2018

Deliphrum nepalicum was described without comparisons by Coiffait (1977) based on a female from “Environs de Maharigaan (Jumla District, eastern Nepal). A study of the holotype and additional material revealed that D. nepalicum undoubtedly belongs to the genus Olophrum Erichson, 1839 (see generic characters in Scheerpeltz (1929), Newton et al. (2000), Zanetti (2012) etc.). Thus, a new combination is proposed: Olophrum nepalicum (Coiffait 1977) comb.n. The species is redescribed, distributional map and ecological data are provided. The aedeagus of O. nepalicum is illustrated for the first time.
Kaytuesso flavolateralis gen. and sp. nov., a new monotypic genus of Oncomerinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tessaratomidae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: CARVAJAL MARIOM A. , FAÚNDEZ EDUARDO I. , RIDER DAVID A.
Published: January 2018

Kaytuesso flavolateralis gen. and sp. nov. is described from Papua New Guinea. The new genus is remarkable in that the only included species is one of the smallest species known within the Oncomerinae. The relationships among Kaytuesso and the related genera Agapophyta Guerin, Erga Walker and Musgraveia Leston and Scudder are discussed.
Molecular systematics of the North American chub genus Macrhybopsis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: ECHELLE ANTHONY A. , LANG NICHOLAS J. , BORDEN W. CALVIN , SCHWEMM MICHAEL R. , HOAGSTROM CHRISTOPHER W. , EISENHOUR DAVID J. , MAYDEN RICHARD L. , BUSSCHE RONALD A. VAN DEN
Published: January 2018

The North American fish genus Macrhybopsis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) as presently conceived comprises 12 species and occurs in much of interior eastern North America. Variation in the mitochondrial ND2 gene and the nuclear S7 intron 1 reveal conflicting gene-tree relationships for deeper nodes, which are assumed to represent past introgression and heterospecific mitochondrial fixation. The results support monophyly for the wide-ranging M. aestivalis complex with successive sister relationships to M. gelida, M. meeki, and M. storeriana. The current species-level taxonomy of Macrhybopsis is generally supported. Species status is supported for the morphologically distinct M. australis and M. tetranema, both of which are genetically introgressed by M. hyostoma. The results agree with previous suggestions that the wide-ranging M. hyostoma harbors cryptic species. Similar crypticity is indicated for the poorly sampled M. storeriana; a sample from the Pearl River shows 8% ND2 divergence from two Mississippi River populations. Within the M. aestivalis complex, there are only two examples of geographic overlap among mtDNA phylogroups. One involves co-occurrence of the highly divergent M. marconis and M. cf. hyostoma, and the other is the detection of the apparently anthropogenic occurrence of mitochondrial DNA from a Red River form, either M. cf. hyostoma or M. australis, in the Cimarron River of the Arkansas River basin.
Two new species of Euconnus (Rhomboconnus) in Peru and Bolivia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: January 2018

To date, the subgenus Rhomboconnus Franz of Euconnus Thomson was represented by ten species known to occur in Venezuela, Panama and Ecuador. For the first time Rhomboconnus is reported to occur in Peru and Bolivia, and two new species are described: Euconnus wari sp. n. (Peru) and E. inkachakanus sp. n. (Bolivia). The latter species is the largest representative of Rhomboconnus, with body length exceeding 3 mm.
Statistical–Dynamical Typhoon Intensity Predictions in the Western North Pacific Using Track Pattern Clustering and Ocean Coupling Predictors
Authors: Kim Sung-Hun , Moon Il-Ju , Chu Pao-Shin
Published: January 2018

A statistical–dynamical model for predicting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity has been developed using a track-pattern clustering (TPC) method and ocean-coupled potential predictors. Based on the fuzzy c-means clustering method, TC tracks during 2004–12 in the western North Pacific were categorized into five clusters, and their unique characteristics were investigated. The predictive model uses multiple linear regressions, where the predictand or the dependent variable is the change in maximum wind speed relative to the initial time. To consider TC-ocean coupling effects due to TC-induced vertical mixing and resultant surface cooling, new potential predictors were also developed for maximum potential intensity (MPI) and intensification potential (POT) using depth-averaged temperature (DAT) instead of sea surface temperature (SST). Altogether, 6 static, 11 synoptic, and 3 DAT-based potential predictors were used. Results from a series of experiments for the training period of 2004–12 using TPC and DAT-based predictors showed remarkably improved TC intensity predictions. The model was tested on predictions of TC intensity for 2013 and 2014, which are not used in the training samples. Relative to the nonclustering approach, the TPC and DAT-based predictors reduced prediction errors about 12%–25% between 24- and 96-h lead time. The present model is also compared with four operational dynamical forecast models. At short leads (up to 24 h) the present model has the smallest mean absolute errors. After a 24-h lead time, the present model still shows skill that is comparable with the best operational models.
Significance of Hong Kong’s Perspective on China
Authors: Shih C.Y.
Published: January 2018

Hong Kong exemplifies a geo-cultural path that the literature on hybridity has not seriously considered. Hong Kong’s particular geo-cultural path is different from what the literature refers to as hybridity because Hong Kong’s identity encompasses non-synthetic, lingering Confucian, Christian, liberal, patriotic and other identities that exist parallel to each other, rather than merging into a certain hybrid identity. Because of this unique identity, the already hybrid identity of Hong Kong could disintegrate at any time because of re-imagined or re-enacted traditions. In other words, the coexisting parallel identities support a cyclical historiography rather than the celebrated postcoloniality that moves Hong Kong irrevocably away from any alleged past. Hong Kong demonstrates this constant re-appealing that takes place on the basis of solid traditions in Confucianism, Christianity and patriotism, in addition to the familiar liberalism and anti-Communism. Chineseness has become extremely difficult to define and attempts at doing so generate bitter feelings.
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: January 2018

The tenth of a series of articles of interest to examination candidates and all concerned with training.
Reentry in a Comparative Context: Exploring Past, Present, and Future Participation in Services Between Nonurban and Urban Inmates
Authors: Ojha Mamta U. , Pape Catherine M. , Burek Melissa W.
Published: January 2018

Studies on offender reentry have consistently shown that lack of, or limited access to, needed postrelease resources and services adversely affects recidivism. Few studies have taken into consideration nonurban and urban contexts for reentry services and program participation. Toward this end, 130 currently incarcerated offenders were surveyed. The results of this study indicate that there were significant differences in employment and other services utilization observed between the two subsamples that varied depending on involvement prior to prison and during incarceration, and affecting the types of programs and services inmates would like to access postrelease.
Purple urine bag syndrome: a truly harmless sign?
Authors: Rooney H , Mokool L , Ramsay A , Nalagatla S
Published: January 2018

Purple urine bag syndrome is an uncommon condition that describes the purple discolouration of a catheter bag and tubing. It mainly affects patients with limited mobility who have long-term catheters. Although benign in nature per se, its presence can alarm both patient and practitioner unfamiliar with the syndrome. Here, we describe two cases of asymptomatic patients who both presented to outpatient clinic with the characteristic purple discolouration of their long-term catheters and tubing. The report discusses the pathophysiology of the syndrome and initial investigation and management. Although the syndrome is considered benign, it may signify occult urine tract infection. This should not be ignored even if the patient is asymptomatic, given the likely co-morbidities of the patients affected. Healthcare professionals – particularly urologists and geriatricians – need to be aware of this unusual syndrome so as to initiate appropriate investigation and possible treatment as soon as possible.
Comparison of fabrication methods for the effective loading of Ag onto PVA nanofibers
Authors: Kharaghani Davood , Lee Hoik , Ishikawa Takahiro , Nagaishi Tomoki , Kim Seong Hun , Kim Ick Soo
Published: January 2018

We investigated and compared three different methods for synthesizing Ag/PVA nanofibers by effectively dispersing and loading Ag particles onto PVA nanofibers and preventing the detachment of Ag from the nanofibers. The three methods were: (a) the solution reduction method (Method 1) in which the reduction of Ag+ was conducted before electrospinning, resulting in mixing the polymer and the Ag nanoparticles in the electrospinning solution; (b) the immersion method (Method 2) in which electrospun PVA nanofibers were immersed in the Ag+ solution, resulting in loading the Ag particles onto the PVA nanofibers; and (c) the nanofiber reduction method (Method 3) in which the Ag+/PVA solution underwent electrospinning followed by the reduction process with Ag+/PVA nanofibers. All of the electrospun nanofibers had a crosslinked structure that resulted from the chemical reaction of glutaraldehyde with the hydroxyl group of PVA, to prevent dissolution in the aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectra provided evidence of the successful formation of the crosslinked structure of the nanofibers, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the loading of Ag nanoparticles onto the nanofibers. The release profiles were investigated by inductively coupled plasma, and the morphology of the nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Method 3 had the best performances for loading Ag particles onto the nanofibers and for minimizing the loss of Ag nanoparticles from the nanofibers. These findings identified an effective method for fabricating metal/polymer composite nanofibers, and will allow the expansion of the applications of metal/polymeric composite nanofibers.
City Leadership, City Constraints
Authors: Langan Trevor J. , McFarland Christiana K.
Published: January 2018

Despite the significant contributions of cities to our nation’s economy and the everyday life of most Americans, local government leaders are faced with significant constraints on their ability to lead and govern. This article presents a novel framework of constraints facing city leadership focused on legal (what they are allowed to do), fiscal (what they have resources to do), and political constraints (what they want to do). A model is constructed to analyze the impact of these constraints on local action regarding minimum wage and hypothesize that greater constraints will result in less policy action within cities. Using multivariate regression, the authors find that political constraints and economic factors are the most significant determinants of whether a city pursues policy leadership.
Underperformative economies: Discrimination and gendered ideas of workplace culture in San Francisco’s digital media sector
Authors: Cockayne Daniel G
Published: January 2018

Drawing on recent research in feminist and cultural economic geography, as well as queer and affect theory, in this paper I examine the construction of ideas of workplace culture in the context of digital media work in San Francisco. I argue that in this context, workplace culture is produced as an idea that functions to describe certain individuals and behaviors as in or out of alignment with the firm’s established and gendered norms. I frame these observations around a discussion of affect and emotion in the workplace through a critical examination of interviews with workers in this setting. Drawing on Ngai’s framing of confidence as the tone of capitalism, and Berlant’s notion of underperformativity, I emphasize the gendered and affective dimensions of accumulation in the digital media sector, and how ideas of culture are discursively and materially constructed rather than natural or existing prior to their circumstances of production. In a practical sense, reproductions of a culture–economy dualism implicate gendered and other forms of discrimination in the workplace in terms of hiring practices, uneven distributions of (often emotional and unremunerated) work, and how difference in the workplace is valued or undermined.
Health and Health Needs of Children of Women Seeking Services for and Safety From Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Campbell Kristine A. , Vargas-Whale Raquel , Olson Lenora M.
Published: January 2018

Children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk for health problems. The moment that a mother seeks services for or safety from IPV may be a window of opportunity to offer needed health care for her children. The objective of the study is to describe the perceptions of child health conditions and needs among mothers seeking services for or safety from IPV, and to compare the results in shelter- versus community-based samples. A cross-sectional survey of women with at least one child of age 3 to 11 years seeking services at an urban YWCA, which supports a residential IPV shelter and a community-based family justice center, was done between fall 2013 and winter 2014. Child health conditions were captured using the Children With Special Health Care Needs survey and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Prevalence of health conditions among IPV-exposed children was compared with population norms. Perceived child health and health needs in the residential versus community settings were compared. Women ( n = 48) completed surveys related to 91 children. Special health care needs (25%) and behavioral health (52%) problems were significantly higher in our sample than in general populations. Almost one quarter (24%) of children had a current need for general medical care and almost one half (44%) had a current need for behavioral health care. No significant differences in child health conditions or needs between residential and community settings were observed. These findings extend prior research describing the health problems faced by children exposed to IPV by describing maternal perceptions of child health and need for health care in a critical moment of seeking help for IPV. Community agencies may use this window of opportunity to support child health and household safety.
The changing use of short-time work schemes: Evidence from two recessions
Authors: Arranz José M , García-Serrano Carlos , Hernanz Virginia
Published: January 2018

We explore differences in resort to short-time work schemes between the recessions in the early 1990s and the late 2000s in Spain and Italy and explore how far these are associated with differences in employees’ personal and job-related characteristics. We use individual data from national Labour Force Surveys and perform a multivariate detailed decomposition. We find that participation in these schemes in the second recession would have been even greater without the changes in skills and production structures in both countries.
Social and Cultural Barriers to Women’s Participation in Pap Smear Screening Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Latin American and Caribbean Countries: An Integrative Review
Authors: Liebermann Erica J. , VanDevanter Nancy , Hammer Marilyn J. , Fu Mei R.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: Pap smear screening programs have been ineffective in reducing cervical cancer mortality in most Latin American and Caribbean countries, in part due to low screening rates. The purpose of this review was to analyze recent studies to identify demographic, social, and cultural factors influencing women’s participation in Pap screening programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Design/Method: For this integrative review, cervical cancer screening in Latin America and the Caribbean was searched using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Findings/Results: Demographic barriers to screening were socioeconomic status, education, race/ethnicity, and geography. Social barriers included lack of uniformity in screening guidelines, lack of knowledge regarding cervical cancer, and lack of preventive culture. Cultural barriers were fear/embarrassment and gender roles. Conclusions: There are multilevel barriers to Pap smear utilization among women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Implications for Practice: Findings highlight a need for health system engagement, promotion of preventive care, and community-generated educational programs and solutions.
The Effect of a Service Provider’s Competitive Market Position on Churn Among Flat-Rate Customers
Authors: Moser Sabine , Schumann Jan H. , von Wangenheim Florian , Uhrich Fabian , Frank Felix
Published: January 2018

Flat-rate pricing, as opposed to charging customers for actual usage, dominates many service industries (e.g., telecommunications, health clubs, and music streaming), and customers often express a flat-rate bias and choose flat rates even if a pay-per-use tariff would be less expensive for them. However, evidence of the effect of this bias on churn is mixed. The competitive market position of a service provider may represent a relevant contingency factor related to this effect; building on attribution theory, the current study predicts that customers attribute their flat-rate bias differently, depending on service providers’ strategic positioning, which leads to varying churn behavior. A survival analysis of approximately 2 years’ transactional data gathered from 21,490 customers of a premium Internet service provider affirms that a flat-rate bias leads to churn in the premium segment. Two experimental studies show that customers of premium service providers attribute their flat-rate bias more externally and exhibit lower fairness perceptions but increased churn intentions compared to low-cost customers who make internal attributions and who thus have less negative perceptions and lower churn intentions. Therefore, premium service managers must proactively manage customers who exhibit flat-rate biases to prevent their negative reactions. Low-cost providers generally have less need for such action and can benefit from flat rates without risking increased churn, despite higher price sensitivity of their customers.
Validity and reliability of self-reported health indicators among women attending organized mammographic screening
Authors: Tsuruda Kaitlyn M. , Sagstad Silje , Sebuødegård Sofie , Hofvind Solveig
Published: January 2018

Aims: Risk factors for breast cancer are often used for adjustment in epidemiological studies, including in the evaluation of early performance measures in mammographic screening. Information about risk factors among participants in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program has been collected since 2006. We aimed to examine the validity of self-reported history of breast cancer and mammographic screening, as well as the reliability of weight and height amongt women attending the program. Methods: Information from a questionnaire handed in by participants in the program, 2006–2015, was linked to outcomes from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPV) were calculated for self-reported histories of breast cancer and screening. Results were stratified by five-year age groups and evaluated using the χ2 statistic. The reliability of self-reported weight and height were assessed using descriptive statistics, histograms, and mean differences. Results: A total of 538,907 of 611,711 (88%) women attending the program during the study period returned at least one part of the questionnaire. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and PPV for breast cancer and mammography were 96.5%, 99.8%, and 81.3%; and 99.9%, 84.4%, and 97.6% respectively. The mean difference in self-reported weight was 0.35 kg and for height was −0.14 cm, over a period of up to 10 years. Conclusions: Norwegian women attending the screening program are reasonably accurate in self-reporting their breast cancer and mammography histories. On average, women consistently reported weight and height within one kg/cm.
Global norms and heterogeneous development organizations
Authors: Cold-Ravnkilde Signe Marie , Engberg-Pedersen Lars , Fejerskov Adam Moe
Published: January 2018

Contemporary development cooperation is characterized by an increasing tension between a growing diversity of actors and significant attempts at homogenizing development practices through global norms prescribing ‘good development’. This special issue shows empirically how diverse development organizations engage with global norms on gender equality. To understand this diversity of norm-engagement conceptually, this introductory article proposes four explanatory dimensions: (i) organizational history, culture and structures; (ii) actor strategies, emotions and relationships; (iii) organizational pressures and priorities; and (iv) the normativeenvironment and stakeholders. We argue that, while development organizations cannot avoid addressing global norms regarding gender equality, they do so in considerably divergent ways. However, the differences are explained less by whether these organizations constitute ‘new’ or ‘old’ donors than by the four identified dimensions.
LY3045697: Results from two randomized clinical trials of a novel inhibitor of aldosterone synthase
Authors: Sloan-Lancaster Joanne , Raddad Eyas , Flynt Amy , Jin Yan , Voelker James , Miller Jeffrey W
Published: January 2018

Introduction:

LY3045697 is a potent and selective aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitor that was developed as a safer alternative to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Effects of LY3045697 on aldosterone and cortisol synthesis, as well as potassium ion homeostasis, were evaluated in two clinical studies in healthy subjects.

Materials and methods:

Two incomplete, placebo-controlled crossover-design clinical studies examined safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics under single and repeated dose conditions in healthy subjects. Pharmacodynamics was assessed following oral potassium challenge and intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone procedures with spironolactone 25 mg/d as an active comparator.

Results:

A total of 51 subjects participated in the two studies, which included 38 males and 13 females (of non-childbearing potential), from 18–65 years old. LY3045697 caused rapid dose and concentration-dependent unstimulated plasma aldosterone concentration reduction seen as early as 4 h after the first dose at dose levels as low as 1 mg, and reaching near complete suppression at high doses. The potency (IC50) decreased significantly upon multiple dosing. After eight days of dosing, post-adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge plasma aldosterone concentration increase was dose-dependently blunted by LY3045697 with high potency with a dose as low as 0.1 mg resulting in substantial effect, and with an overall IC50 of 0.38 ng/ml. Minor reductions in cortisol were observed only at the top dose of 300 mg. LY3045697 is generally safe and tolerated, and exhibits linear pharmacokinetics.

Conclusions:

LY3045697 is a potent and highly selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor with selectivity for CYP11B2, offering a substantial potential advantage over previous aldosterone synthase inhibitors evaluated in the clinic.
Aldosterone breakthrough does not alter central hemodynamics
Authors: Beenken Andrew , Bomback Andrew S.
Published: January 2018

Introduction:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are widely used in congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease, but up to 40% of patients will experience aldosterone breakthrough, with aldosterone levels rising above pre-treatment levels after 6–12 months of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade. Aldosterone breakthrough has been associated with worsening congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease, yet the pathophysiology remains unclear. Breakthrough has not been associated with elevated peripheral blood pressure, but no studies have assessed its effect on central blood pressure.

Methods:

Nineteen subjects with well-controlled peripheral blood pressure on stable doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker had aldosterone levels checked and central blood pressure parameters measured using the SphygmoCor system. The central blood pressure parameters of subjects with or without breakthrough, defined as serum aldosterone >15 ng/dl, were compared.

Results:

Of the 19 subjects, six had breakthrough with a mean aldosterone level of 33.8 ng/dl, and 13 were without breakthrough with a mean level of 7.1 ng/dl. There was no significant difference between the two groups in any central blood pressure parameter.

Conclusions:

We found no correlation between aldosterone breakthrough and central blood pressure. The clinical impact of aldosterone breakthrough likely depends on its non-genomic, pro-fibrotic, pro-inflammatory effects rather than its regulation of extracellular volume.
We should’ve made a revolution: A critical rhapsody of the Hungarian education system’s catching-up revolutions since 1989
Authors: Tóth Tamás , Mészáros György , Marton András
Published: January 2018

From the perspective of the world-systems theory and post-colonial studies, the 1989 transition in Hungary was a part of the re-integration of former Soviet countries into an inferior position in the world system. The political–economic transition was in no sense a revolution, but a replacement of dictatorial/totalitarian state capitalism with neoliberal global capitalism. In this paper we will analyze how Hungary’s semi-peripheral “catching-up revolution” consisted of stabilizing the neoliberal hegemony in education. As a result, one of the most decentralized, diverse, vertically, and horizontally stratified, and hence extremely selective education systems emerged from the gloomy Central-East European semi-periphery with exemplary diligence in conserving and reproducing social inequalities. Some 27 years after the transition, the teaching staff from Herman Ottó High School in Budapest wrote a public letter analyzing the problems of public education and criticizing the Hungarian government’s interventions, which led to one of the country’s biggest movements since the political–economic transition in 1989. To understand the conditions that led to these situations, wherein education under siege triggered the biggest protests since 1989, we will first describe how the Hungarian education system was affected by the political–economic transition. Second, we will point to a rupture in the post-socialist history of Hungary, namely the neoconservative interventions of Hungary’s post-fascist, far-right government which has been in power since 2010. And lastly, we will try to place the teacher’s movement (and, briefly, the pro-Central European University protests) in this post-socialist rhapsody by showing how they interweave with Hungary’s forever lasting semi-peripheral catching-up revolution. In our conclusion we will try to propose a strategy drawing on Immanuel Wallerstein’s idea of an anti-systemic Rainbow Coalition, by which new social and anti-systemic movements could organize their resistance more effectively.
Social Marketing in the Caribbean
Authors: White Livingston A.
Published: January 2018

This article chronicles a brief history of social marketing practice in the Caribbean by reviewing the thinking that led to the introduction of social marketing in the region. The early years of social marketing in the Caribbean were characterized by donor-funded programs and projects that addressed social issues such as environmental protection, family planning, contraception and fertility control, and sexual and reproductive health matters. Various examples of Caribbean media campaigns and interventions that have utilized social marketing principles are presented. While these initiatives have made a contribution, perhaps the strongest impetus for sustaining social marketing practice in the region has been the introduction of education and training in social marketing in Caribbean academia. With the increasing institutionalization of social marketing, Caribbean researchers and practitioners of social marketing are now poised to make a further contribution to the field.
Building clinical academic leadership capacity: sustainability through partnership
Authors: Westwood Greta , Richardson Alison , Latter Sue , Macleod Clark Jill , Fader Mandy
Published: January 2018

Background

A national clinical academic training programme has been developed in England for nurses, midwives and allied health professionals but is insufficient to build a critical mass to have a significant impact on improved patient care.

Aim

We describe a partnership model led by the University of Southampton and its neighbouring National Health Service partners that has the potential to address this capacity gap. In combination with the Health Education England/National Institute of Health Research Integrated Clinical Academic programme, we are currently supporting nurses, midwives and allied health professionals at Master’s ( n = 28), Doctoral ( n = 36), Clinical Lecturer ( n = 5) and Senior Clinical Lecturer ( n = 2) levels working across seven National Health Service organisations, and three nurses hold jointly funded Clinical Professor posts.

Results

Key to the success of our partnership model is the strength of the strategic relationship developed at all levels across and within the clinical organisations involved, from board to ward. We are supporting nurses, midwives and allied health professionals to climb, in parallel, both clinical and academic career ladders. We are creating clinical academic leaders who are driving their disciplines forward, impacting on improved health outcomes and patient benefit.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated that our partnership model is sustainable and could enable doctoral capacity to be built at scale.
Association between smoking and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Akhavan Rezayat Arash , Dadgar Moghadam Malihe , Ghasemi Nour Mohammad , Shirazinia Matin , Ghodsi Hamidreza , Rouhbakhsh Zahmatkesh Mohammad Reza , Tavakolizadeh Noghabi Mitra , Hoseini Benyamin , Akhavan Rezayat Kambiz
Published: January 2018

Background/aims:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. Some risk factors are known to influence the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but the effect of tobacco smoking on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is controversial. The main goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the association between smoking and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Method:

Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science) were searched to find published articles on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and smoking until December 2016. All relevant studies were screened by inclusion and exclusion criteria and compatible studies were chosen. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of eligible articles. Subsequently, information was gathered based on the following: author, publication year, keywords, country, inclusion and exclusion criteria, main results, study design, conclusion, and confounder variables (age, body mass index, gender, ethnicity, and diabetes). Finally, analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software.

Results:

Data were extracted from 20 observational studies (9 cross-sectional, 6 case-control, 4 cohort studies, and 1 retrospective cohort study). A significant association was observed between smoking and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with a pooled odds ratio of 1.110 (95% confidence interval, 1.028–1.199), p-value = 0.008. The statistical heterogeneity was medium with an I2 of 40.012%, p-heterogeneity = 0.074. Also there was a significant relation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and passive smoking with a pooled odds ratio of 1.380 (95% confidence interval, 1.199–1.588; p-value = 0.001; I2 = 59.41; p-heterogeneity = 0.117).

Conclusion:

Our meta-analysis demonstrated that smoking is significantly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Further prospective studies exploring the underlying mechanisms of this association should be pursued. Also passive smoking increases the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease about 1.38-fold. The effects of smoking cigarettes on active smokers (current smoker, former smoker, and total smoker) are less than passive smokers. Further studies are needed to compare the of effects of passive and active smoking on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 mediates macrophage/monocyte activation in autoimmune hepatitis and regulates interleukin‐6 production
Authors: Zhang Jun , Guo Liping , Liu Mengjing , Jing Yang , Zhou Simin , Li Hongxia , Li Yanni , Zhao Jingwen , Zhao Xingliang , Karunaratna Nathasha , Jiang Kui , Zhou Lu , Wang Bangmao
Published: January 2018

Background

The mechanisms of macrophages/monocytes in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain unclear. We investigated the role of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), a key inflammatory signal adapter, in macrophage/monocyte activation in AIH.

Methods

Liver tissues and monocytes from patients were collected to evaluate the relationship between macrophage activation and RIP3 by double‐immunofluorescence and Western blotting. RAW264.7 macrophages were used to study the regulation of RIP3 signaling on inflammatory cytokines.

Results

Compared to the hepatic cyst, the majority of accumulated macrophages expressed RIP3 in AIH liver tissues. Moreover, RIP3 expression of monocytes was correlated with the levels of serum hepatic enzyme in AIH. Furthermore, RIP3 signaling was activated by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophages, which was accompanied with upregulated interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐10 and downregulated IL‐4 and transforming growth factor‐β. Notably, necrostatin‐1, the specific inhibitor of the RIP3 signaling pathway, and 6‐thioguanine (6‐TG), the active metabolite of azathioprine, predominantly reduced IL‐6 production compared to other cytokines. Moreover, the gene level of IL‐6 was dramatically increased in AIH liver tissues.

Conclusions

RIP3 signaling is involved in macrophage/monocyte activation in AIH and mediates IL‐6 production, and is a novel molecular mechanism of 6‐TG, indicating that it might be a promising therapeutic target for AIH treatment.
Compulsory voting and voter information seeking
Authors: Singh Shane P. , Roy Jason
Published: January 2018

Compulsory voting is known to produce a relatively weak match between voters’ ballot choices and their preferences. We theorize that this link, in part, exists because compelled voters are relatively unlikely to seek out political information during an election campaign, even after differences in political sophistication across compelled and voluntary voters are taken into account. To test our expectations, we use a simulation of an Australian election, through which we track participants’ information searches. Our findings show that those who do not turn out voluntarily under Australia’s compulsory voting law tend to spend less time seeking out political information, and they engage with less information. While differences in political sophistication between those who feel compelled to vote and those who do not account for a portion of this pattern, feeling compelled also has an independent effect on information seeking. This suggests that the negative relationship between compulsory voting and the “quality” of votes is partly due to the fact that those who are compelled to turn out expend less effort when deciding how to cast their ballots.
Black and White discrimination in the United States: Evidence from an archive of survey experiment studies
Authors: Zigerell L.J.
Published: January 2018

This study reports results from a new analysis of 17 survey experiment studies that permitted assessment of racial discrimination, drawn from the archives of the Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences. For White participants (n=10 435), pooled results did not detect a net discrimination for or against White targets, but, for Black participants (n=2781), pooled results indicated the presence of a small-to-moderate net discrimination in favor of Black targets; inferences were the same for the subset of studies that had a political candidate target and the subset of studies that had a worker or job applicant target. These results have implications for understanding racial discrimination in the United States, and, given that some of the studies have never been fully reported on in a journal or academic book, the results also suggest the need for preregistration to reduce or eliminate publication bias in racial discrimination studies.
Mourning the Commons: Circulating Affect in Crowdfunded Funeral Campaigns
Authors: Kneese Tamara
Published: January 2018

This article focuses on the role of circulated affect in crowdfunded funeral campaigns, which have attracted little scholarly attention so far. This study is based on content analysis of online campaigns ( N = 50) and qualitative interviews ( N = 10) with campaign supporters and initiators. Its aim is to connect crowdfunded funeral campaigns to the larger digital-sharing economy. The findings of the study suggest that in order to gather sufficient funds to cover funeral costs, individuals share emotionally evocative narratives and images with their social networks and an imagined Internet audience with the expectation of attracting compassion. The study shows that political movements, media coverage, and sharing on social media platforms are integral to the success of campaigns for socially marginal individuals. The article contributes to the growing study of crowdwork and finds persistent structural inequalities in crowdfunding campaigns, thereby contesting the ethos of the digital commons.
Proximal Humerus Fractures: Evaluation and Management in the Elderly Patient
Authors: Schumaier Adam , Grawe Brian
Published: January 2018

Introduction:

Proximal humerus fractures are common in the elderly. The evaluation and management of these injuries is often controversial. The purpose of this study is to review recent evidence and provide updated recommendations for treating proximal humerus fractures in the elderly.

Methods:

A literature review of peer-reviewed publications related to the evaluation and management of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly was performed. There was a focus on randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews published within the last 5 years.

Results:

The incidence of proximal humerus fractures is increasing. It is a common osteoporotic fracture. Bone density is a predictor of reduction quality and can be readily assessed with anteroposterior views of the shoulder. Social independence is a predictor of outcome, whereas age is not. Many fractures are minimally displaced and respond acceptably to nonoperative management. Displaced and severe fractures are most frequently treated operatively with intramedullary nails, locking plates, percutaneous techniques, or arthroplasty.

Discussion:

Evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews is insufficient to recommend a treatment; however, most techniques have acceptable or good outcomes. Evaluation should include an assessment of the patient’s bone quality, social independence, and surgical risk factors. With internal fixation, special attention should be paid to medial comminution, varus angulation, and restoration of the calcar. With arthroplasty, attention should be paid to anatomic restoration of the tuberosities and proper placement of the prosthesis.

Conclusion:

A majority of minimally displaced fractures can be treated conservatively with early physical therapy. Treatment for displaced fractures should consider the patient’s level of independence, bone quality, and surgical risk factors. Fixation with percutaneous techniques, intramedullary nails, locking plates, and arthroplasty are all acceptable treatment options. There is no clear evidence-based treatment of choice, and the surgeon should consider their comfort level with various procedures during the decision-making process.
Postoperative daily living activities of geriatric patients administered general or spinal anesthesia for hip fracture surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fukuda Taeko , Imai Shinobu , Nakadera Masaya , Wagatsuma Yukiko , Horiguchi Hiromasa
Published: January 2018

Purpose:

Maintaining independence after hip fracture repair is important for geriatric patients and general welfare. We investigated the effects of anesthetic methods on postoperative activities of daily living (ADLs) following hip fracture surgery in elderly patients.

Methods:

The medical records of 12,342 patients aged ≥65 years who underwent typical surgeries for hip fracture using either general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia were reviewed. To adjust for baseline differences and minimize selection bias for the chosen method of anesthesia, patients were matched by propensity scores. Factors affecting the deterioration in ADLs during hospital stay were also investigated in all subjects using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Eating, grooming, toileting, bathing, and walking were selected as the ADL parameters, as they are considered important for an independent life.

Results:

Of the 12,342 patients, 6918 (56.1%) received general anesthesia and 5424 (43.9%) received spinal anesthesia. After the propensity score matching, the anesthesia types were not associated with ADL scores except toileting at discharge. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the types of anesthesia were not associated with deterioration in ADL scores. Advanced age, male sex, high Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, psychiatric disease, no administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and short length of hospital stay were associated with deterioration in ADL scores.

Conclusion:

The anesthesia types were not associated with ADL dependency except toileting at discharge. Spinal anesthesia adversely affected toilet use at hospital discharge. However, anesthesia types were not factors that affected deterioration in ADL during hospital stay in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.
Exploring the Experiences of Deportation and Reintegration of Aging Deported Men in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Boodram Cheryl-Ann Sarita
Published: January 2018

Older deported men in Trinidad and Tobago face unique challenges in reintegrating into life after deportation. This qualitative study examined the intersection of aging and deportation to identify factors that affect the reintegration experiences of aging deported men. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 deported men over the age of 50 and were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Findings show that reintegration was influenced by complex intrapersonal, subsistence, and social challenges. The findings in this study point to the need to expand social support networks available to aging deported men and provide greater opportunities for them to meet their economic and subsistence needs, and the need to strengthen strategies to reduce the stigma and discrimination associated with aging deported populations.
2015 National Psoriasis Foundation Research Symposium: Emerging Paradigms and Best Practices in Psoriatic Disease Research and Care
Authors: Leavitt Melissa , Rybacki Laurissa , Siegel Michael
Published: January 2018

The National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) Research Symposium was held in San Francisco on July 23 to 25, 2015. Bringing together basic scientists, physicians, and psoriatic disease patients, the Symposium's scientific sessions offered an overview of milestones in the field of psoriatic disease and introduced new paradigms for research and clinical care. As many lectures emphasized, central to these new paradigms is a push to progress beyond association and observational studies to gain a better understanding of the functional mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis and treatment. Looking ahead, the themes that emerged throughout the Symposium will help guide the future of the NPF's research programs.