bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Training Loads in Basketball: A Narrative Review and Practical Guide for Coaches and Practitioners
Authors: Piedra Aitor , Peña Javier , Caparrós Toni
Published: February 2021

Monitoring training load provides information about the physical demands of the sport in which athletes are competing. Strength and conditioning coaches need to use this information to periodize and make decisions on training to optimize performance and prevent injuries. The following narrative review presents the current state of knowledge on monitoring external and internal loads in basketball. The reviewed articles were classified according to the sample represented, considering 3 groups: elite, subelite, and young basketball players. In addition, we analyzed the recording procedures and methodology used in technological and ecological terms. Articles were classified, considering what was monitored and the context in which it was monitored. These settings included competition, training, and small-sided games. Performance and sports injury variables were also taken into account in our review.
Training Load Monitoring and Injury Prevention in Military Recruits: Considerations for Preparing Soldiers to Fight Sustainably
Authors: Dijksma Iris , Sharma Jagannath , Gabbett Tim J.
Published: February 2021

Musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) during basic military training (BMT), frequently resulting in dropout, are well-recognized as a substantial problem both logistically and financially. Seven key evidence-informed principles of load management to minimize the risk of injury have been proposed in sport. A pertinent question is whether these principles can also be applied to military recruits by reducing the incidence and impact of MSIs and attrition from training. In this review, we address the challenges and possibilities of applying load management principles to BMT and suggest practical applications for military strength and conditioning professionals.
Optimizing Verbal Communication in the Instruction of Weightlifting to Weightlifting Naïve Athletes
Authors: Laakso Lassi A.
Published: February 2021

Motor learning theories should be used by coaches to optimally apply their technical knowledge of weightlifting. The OPTIMAL (Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning) theory of motor learning highlights the importance of motivation and attention in the motor learning process, with enhanced expectancies and autonomy underpinning the athlete's motivation and an external focus of attention optimizing the athlete's attention. Better results are obtained by collaborating with athletes in an athlete-centered approach, giving them a sense of control and ownership of their learning process and making them feel able to succeed in the learning process. The success resulting from the right balance between the athlete's confidence and task difficulty leads to an increase in the athlete's self-efficacy, further improving the learning process. When instructing weightlifting, coaches should say as much as necessary, but as little as possible, while using an implicit coaching strategy that focuses on the task goal. Instructions and cues should have an external focus of attention, relative to the athlete's body, or use analogies to provide a clear task goal while using simple language associated with familiar motor skills.
Sociological Stoicism
Authors: Büyükokutan Barış
Published: February 2021

This article initiates a conversation between sociological theory and the contemporary revival of Stoicism. Identifying four problems common to historical and contemporary incarnations of Stoicism and tracing them to their shared individualism, I contend that only a sociological Stoicism is viable. I then sketch this sociological Stoicism by redefining key Stoic terms in the collective register; outlining a Stoic logic of case selection; assessing the fit of redefined Stoic concepts and logic of case selection with Marxian, Weberian, and Bourdieuvian frameworks; and developing a Stoic research agenda. These exercises culminate in the proposal to significantly alter sociology’s methods and epistemology.
Soil bacterial communities vary more by season than with over two decades of experimental warming in Arctic tussock tundra
Authors: Pold Grace , Schimel Joshua P. , Sistla Seeta A.
Published: February 2021

High latitude ecosystems are characterized by cold soils and long winters, with much of their biogeochemistry directly or indirectly controlled by temperature. Climate warming has led to an expansion of shrubby plant communities across tussock tundra, but whether these clear aboveground shifts correspond to changes in the microbial community belowground remains less certain. Using bromodeoxyuridine to label growing cells, we evaluated how total and actively growing bacterial communities varied throughout a year and following 22 years of passive summer warming. We found that changes in total and actively growing bacterial community structures were correlated with edaphic factors and time point sampled, but were unaffected by warming. The aboveground plant community had become more shrub-dominated with warming at this site, and so our results indicate that belowground bacterial communities did not track changes in the aboveground plant community. As such, studies that have used space-for-time methods to predict how increased shrub cover has altered bacterial communities may not be representative of how the microbial community will be affected by in situ changes in the plant community as the Arctic continues to warm.
Microbial community response to a decade of simulated global changes depends on the plant community
Authors: Finks Sarai S. , Weihe Claudia , Kimball Sarah , Allison Steven D. , Martiny Adam C. , Treseder Kathleen K. , Martiny Jennifer B. H.
Published: February 2021

Global changes such as increased drought and atmospheric nitrogen deposition perturb both the microbial and plant communities that mediate terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, few studies consider how microbial responses to global changes may be influenced by interactions with plant communities. To begin to address the role of microbial–plant interactions, we tested the hypothesis that the response of microbial communities to global change depends on the plant community. We characterized bacterial and fungal communities from 395 plant litter samples taken from the Loma Ridge Global Change Experiment, a decade-long global change experiment in Southern California that manipulates rainfall and nitrogen levels across two adjacent ecosystems, a grassland and a coastal sage scrubland. The differences in bacterial and fungal composition between ecosystems paralleled distinctions in plant community composition. In addition to the direct main effects, the global change treatments altered microbial composition in an ecosystem-dependent manner, in support of our hypothesis. The interaction between the drought treatment and ecosystem explained nearly 5% of the variation in bacterial community composition, similar to the variation explained by the ecosystem-independent effects of drought. Unexpectedly, we found that the main effect of drought was approximately four times as strong on bacterial composition as that of nitrogen addition, which did not alter fungal or plant composition. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of considering plant–microbe interactions when considering the transferability of the results of global change experiments across ecosystems.
Platforms’ Governance: Analyzing Digital Platforms’ Policy Preferences
Authors: Popiel Pawel , Sang Yoonmo
Published: February 2021

Growing political distrust in digital platforms has galvanized policy debates about how to best address issues associated with their market power and ad-run business models—including the proliferation of misinformation, privacy threats, and electoral interference. The range of proposed solutions includes growing calls for public-private policy regimes, such as co-regulation. Such proposals envision a role for digital platforms in addressing platform-related problems, whose contours need to be defined. In this article, we examine how platform companies attempt to influence these debates and define this role, focusing on the biggest U.S. digital platform companies: Amazon, Apple, Google, Facebook, and Microsoft. We conduct a content analysis of a sample of 2019 public policy blogs, statements, and testimonies by key personnel at these companies to gain insight into (a) the policy issues they engage, (b) the policy preferences they communicate, and (c) what these communications reveal about their regulatory philosophies and visions of platform governance. The findings shed light on the politics underlying the debates over platform governance and provide insight into what co-regulatory approaches might look like in practice. We call these policy paradigms “frictionless regulation”: light and narrow regulatory oversight confined to baseline standard-setting, receptive to the private sector’s ongoing feedback, and prioritizing fast responsiveness to market needs over the slow and deliberative responsiveness to the public that is typical of democratic governance.
Pulmonary Embolism and Heart Failure: A Reappraisal
Authors: Arrigo Mattia , Huber Lars Christian
Published: February 2021

Acute heart failure and acute pulmonary embolism share many features, including epidemiological aspects, clinical presentation, risk factors and pathobiological mechanisms. As such, it is not surprising that diagnosis and management of these common conditions might be challenging for the treating physician, in particular when both are concomitantly present. While helpful guidelines have been elaborated for both acute heart failure and pulmonary embolism, not many studies have been published on the coexistence of these diseases. With a special focus on diagnostic tools and therapeutic options, the authors review the available literature and, when evidence is lacking, present their own approach to the management of dyspnoeic patients with acute heart failure and pulmonary embolism.
Propuesta de intervención para el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional en menores en situación de riesgo y vulnerabilidad social
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Martín , Roures Adriana , Flor Arasil Patricia , Bresó Edgar
Published: February 2021

Recientes investigaciones han expuesto la relación entre vivir situaciones de vulnerabilidad social y padecer consecuencias negativas, especialmente en la población más joven. No obstante, diferentes estudios afirman la existencia de factores protectores, entre ellos la inteligencia emocional (IE), los cuales pueden jugar un papel clave a la hora de reducir los efectos negativos de vivir en esta situación. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue desarrollar un programa de intervención para mejorar las habilidades emocionales en niños y niñas de entre 6 y 12 años en situación de riesgo de exclusión y vulnerabilidad social. El programa formativo se desarrolla durante 13 sesiones de hora y media. En él se trabaja la mejora de los componentes básicos de la IE propuestos en el modelo teórico de Mayer y Salovey, es decir, percepción y expresión, facilitación, comprensión y regulación emocional. Finalmente, se plantean las implicaciones prácticas que puede tener su uso y los avances necesarios para mejorar la adaptación de este grupo poblacional cuando experimentan una situación de riesgo y vulnerabilidad social.
La mediación de la satisfacción laboral en la relación del estilo de liderazgo y el compromiso organizacional
Authors: Guerrero Bejarano María Auxiliadora , Manosalvas Vaca Carlos , Salvador García Claribel Rosario , Carhuancho-Mendoza Ima Milagros , Maino Isaías Aldo Alfredo , Silva Siu Daniel Ricardo
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la relación entre el estilo de liderazgo laboral y la satisfacción laboral, y cómo esta relación afecta el compromiso organizacional; utilizando la teoría del liderazgo de Bass y Avolio, a través del cuestionario MLQ. El compromiso organizacional se midió con la herramienta generada a partir de la teoría de Meyer y Allen y la satisfacción laboral con el cuestionario de Paul Spector. El estudio se diseñó sobre la base teórica del enfoque cuantitativo, deductivo, método transversal. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la encuesta con el respectivo cuestionario para cada variable, el muestreo fue por conveniencia y 386 personas participaron de manera voluntaria. Los datos se analizaron con un modelo SEM. Los resultados muestran que los datos tienen un buen ajuste según la prueba de Chicuadrado; además, se realizó validez convergente y divergente. Por tanto, en la realidad ecuatoriana se demostró que el liderazgo transformacional se relaciona con la satisfacción laboral (r = .55, p <0.05), mientras que el liderazgo transaccional se relaciona negativamente con la satisfacción (r = -. 154, p <0.05). Sin embargo, el liderazgo transaccional no está relacionado con el compromiso organizacional (p> 0.05) y la satisfacción laboral influye en el compromiso organizacional (r = .608, p <0.05). Los resultados obtenidos en la cultura ecuatoriana demuestran resultados de estudios previos realizados en otras culturas, el estilo de liderazgo transformacional tiene un impacto positivo en la satisfacción laboral y el compromiso organizacional, mientras que el estilo de liderazgo transaccional tendría un impacto negativo con las demás variables estudiadas.
Reflejo del mito: un estudio comparativo de Mehdi Akhavan-Sales y Adonis
Authors: Sadoughi Shirin , Bassak Hassan
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este artículo fue un estudio comparativo de las representaciones del mito en los poemas de Mehdi Akhavan Sales y Adonis (poeta sirio). El método de investigación es bibliográfico y también analítico-descriptivo. Apoyándose en las técnicas de creación de mitos y simbolismo y su estética artística y literaria, Adonis busca incluir su personalidad en símbolos míticos, aunque de manera breve y concisa, y convierte el mito en una especie de realidad contemporánea o histórica. El vínculo de la poesía Akhavan con los mitos, arquetipos y símbolos de Irán y el uso de palabras, compuestos y expresiones persas, en la mayoría de sus poemas, es uno de sus arreglos poéticos que ha dado un estatus épico a su lenguaje poético que expresa un Nota crítica con virtuosismo y poder de lenguaje épico. Los resultados muestran que Akhavan emplea mitos históricos del antiguo Irán. Adonis también se aprovechó de la mitología árabe y fue profundamente influenciado por la sociedad en la que creció, combinándola con cuestiones nacionales y patrióticas y creando exitosos arquetipos mitológicos y épicos. Según los resultados, Adonis se ha referido a diferentes culturas como Grecia, el antiguo Egipto, mitos bíblicos y mitos preislámicos, mientras que Akhavan habla solo de los mitos del antiguo Irán.
LAMP/RT-LAMP Reaction protocol v1
Authors: Matute Tamara , Núñez Isaac , Federici Fernan
Published: February 2021

This protocol describes how to perform LAMP / RT-LAMP reactions with home-made reagents, which means home-made buffers and positive controls, together with home-brewed BstLF and MMLV enzymes. Home-brewed enzymes information: BstLF polymerase: expression and purification protocol. expression plasmid sequence. M-MLV reverse transcriptase: expression and purification protocol. expression plasmid sequence. Positive control information Sample preparation protocol here. Testing We test this protocol in LAMP or RT-LAMP reactions with SARS-CoV-2 synthetic dsDNA or ssRNA respectively. As shown in Figure 1, the general performance of reactions with homemade reagents seems appropriate compared with the commercial standard option. No amplification was observed in non-template controls (NTC). [1] Zhang, Y. et al. Enhancing colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification speed and sensitivity with guanidine chloride. Biotechniques69, (2020).
LAMP/RT-LAMP Buffer protocol v1
Authors: Matute Tamara , Núñez Isaac , Federici Fernan
Published: February 2021

This protocol describes the preparation of reaction buffer for homemade LAMP / RT-LAMP reactions which involves the use of home-brewed BstLF and MMLV enzymes. It also contains the instructions to prepare the enzyme storage buffers. Home-brewed enzymes information: BstLF polymerase: expression and purification protocol. expression plasmid sequence. M-MLV reverse transcriptase: expression and purification protocol. expression plasmid sequence. Testing We test the buffers on SARS-CoV-2 LAMP or RT-LAMP reactions with synthetic dsDNA or ssRNA respectively. The general performance of Homemade buffer seems appropriate and no amplification was obtained for non-template controls (NTC). To properly formulate the buffer we tested different KCl concentrations which is known to be a critical factor in the buffer. For the home-brewed BstLF, we found that 50 mM KCl is the best concentration, displaying equal or better performance than the commercial buffer. No amplification was observed for 150 mM KCl formulation. [1] Zhang, Y. et al. Enhancing colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification speed and sensitivity with guanidine chloride. Biotechniques69, (2020).
Low Cost LAMP and RT-LAMP v1
Authors: Matute Tamara , Núñez Isaac , Federici Fernan
Published: February 2021

This protocol collection specifies how to carry out LAMP or RT-LAMP (reverse transcription - Loop-mediated isothermal amplification) reactions with homemade reagents and home-brewed enzymes. It describes how to prepare all the solutions and buffers to perform the reactions. This collection was developed in the context of COVID-19 pandemic to provide access to RT-LAMP tools in accordance with the principles of ReClone community initiative. It is the result of information exchange and reagent sharing with a huge community of collaborators from ReClone, gLAMP and JOGL.
LAMP/RT-LAMP COVID positive control v1
Authors: Arce Medina Anibal , Núñez Isaac , Matute Tamara , Federici Fernan
Published: February 2021

This protocol explains how to prepare dsDNA and ssRNA target positive control for LAMP and RT-LAMP reactions. Particularly it describes the pipeline for SARS-Cov-2 Nucleocapsid (N) gene positive control which is included in the ReClone collection. The general procedure involves amplifying the gene of interest with primers which add T7 promoter and T7 terminator to its sequence followed by T7 in vitro transcription to obtain the ssRNA. Sequence elaboration: Sequence OrfN_5 was designed and synthesized based on IDT SARS-CoV-2 positive control plasmid (CAT#10006625_2019).
Masculinidad y privilegios: el reconocimiento como potencial articulador del cambio.
Authors: Sanfélix Albelda Joan , Téllez Infantes Anastasia
Published: February 2021

The article that is presented next analyse discursively the perception that men have about their advantage situation or privilege (the patriarchal dividends in words of Raewyn Connell, 1995) as a man and in a domination system such as patriarchy (in its current times). It is thought from the theory and from an empiric approach how privilege is denied or recognised using different mechanisms of social research through that can emerge some form of recognition of it. In other words, how we can tackle the complexity of this object from a technic-methodologic point of view and what kind of tools is offering us socio-anthropology, such as the biographic interviews for instance, as this technique facilitate the generation of a communicative situation where particular implicit forms of privilege recognition could appear discursively. The analysis also focuses in how it could facilitate a breaking principle with the traditional model of masculinity characteristic of hegemonic ideological representations of gender, facilitating in this way the construction of alternative masculinities more equalitarian
Masculinity in Universities: State of the Art
Authors: Franco Bibiana Edivey Castro , Carmona Parra Jaime Alberto
Published: February 2021

This article provides the result of a review of existing masculinity research within the university context. The objective of the present study was to determine the topics of analysis, characteristics, and tendencies of recent studies in this field. A search was performed in Scopus and Ebsco, using the search terms: masculinity and university students, which yielded 72 studies for analysis. The most commonly-explored topics among the investigations reviewed were as follows: the construction of masculinity, masculine social norms and gender stereotypes, romantic relationships, masculinity and health, attitudes toward sexual minorities and their effects, masculinity and violence, and masculinity and alcohol consumption. It was concluded that the shaping of masculinity in the university environment is a complex experience, influenced by the intermixing of traditional masculinity and vested with cultural, social, historical, and personal factors.
Docking of highly selective peptide ligands of 5HT2A/C receptors with antipsychotic activity
Authors: Orlova Anastasia B. , Sventitskaya Alevtina M. , Vengerovich Nikolay G. , Nikiforov Aleksandr S. , Ivanov Igor M. , Proshina Ylia A.
Published: February 2021

Search for new ligands selective to various 5HT2 receptor subtypes is an important scientific and practical problem for experimental psychopharmacology and clinical medicine. Most of existing antagonists of the 5HT2A- and 5HT2C- subtypes have necessary anti-anxiety and antipsychotic properties, but they are partially selective to 5HT2B receptors. The activation of the latter ones leads to cardiotoxic side effects, so it significantly limits clinical use of these drugs. For the search of new highly selective ligands of 5HT2A/C receptors an in silico screening algorithm was proposed using PScore.Max and Affinity.maxPScore indices, taking into account the affinity of low molecular weight compounds to each of 5HT2 receptor subtype. Cyclic physiologically active substances of peptide nature have been proposed as new promising drugs with antipsychotic activity. Based on the CXXC library, a number of cyclopeptides with a high selectivity of the structure to the target binding sites were selected for further in vitro studies by extending the peptide chain.It was also found that a promising direction for increasing the selectivity of peptide ligands to 5HT2A/C receptors is the introduction of non-proteinogenic amino acids during the formation of a starting docking library. Their choice will be stipulated by the nature of interactions between the reference ligands and amino acid residues of the binding site.
Repensar el cánon: la lírica de la Generación del 27 = Reconsidering the canon: the poetry of Generation of '27
Authors: Baños Saldaña José Ángel
Published: February 2021

El canon de la edad de plata de la poesía española -la generación del 27- se ha revisado con especial interés a partir del proyecto transmedia Las Sinsombrero. Este artículo indaga en cómo ha afectado este fenómeno en la enseñanza de literatura española, centrándose en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, y en el panorama crítico literario, prestando atención a la publicación de antologías. Este doble enfoque permite analizar, a la vez, la configuración y la difusión del valor estético de una época. Por otra parte, se examina la génesis, la evolución y la operatividad del concepto de Sinsombrero.The silver age’s canon of Spanish poetry -the Generation of ’27- has been revised with special interest since the transmedia project Las Sinsombrero was released. This paper explores how this phenomenon has affected the teaching of Spanish literature, focusing on Secondary Education (ESO), and the critical literary proposals, paying attention to different anthologies. This double approach allows us to analyze, at the same time, the configuration and the diffusion of the aesthetic value of an era. Moreover, we examine the genesis, the evolution and the operability of the concept Sinsombrero.
Prescription pattern for pregnant and lactating mothers, and attitude towards the safety of medicines in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Shuma Madhabi Lata , Azad M. A. K. , Muhit M. Abdul , Halder Shimul
Published: February 2021

Background: Prescription pattern of drugs particularly in the special physiological conditions, e.g., pregnancy and lactation have an impact on the mothers as well as the newborns. More specifically, the evaluation of the pattern can play a pivotal role to minimize their economic burden as well as improving their quality of life by reducing drug related toxicity. This study aims at the evaluation of the prescription pattern for the pregnant and lactating mothers for the first time in one of the largest tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh. Moreover, the perception of the patients about the safety of the medicines has also been enlightened.

Methods: Data collected from 500 pregnant women and 335 lactating mothers were analyzed in the context of demographic characteristics, drug use pattern, USFDA drug risk category, and clinical complications to understand their attitude towards the safety of medicines.  

Results: The study suggests that the majority of the participants were aware of the safety and usage of medications during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, the linear regression analysis clearly indicates that pregnant women were significantly associated with a higher attitude score compared to that of the lactating mothers.  

Conclusions: This study necessitates the requirement to implement the relevant WHO recommended core interventions and to develop a healthcare system by incorporating clinical pharmacists about the dispensing and sale of medicines in ensuring the rational use of medicines more efficiently.
Laparoscopic versus open surgical approach of cholecystectomy in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis: a systematic review of comparative trials
Authors: Marzoug Omer A.
Published: February 2021

Symptomatic cholelithiasis (gallstone disease) is the most common biliary pathology that affects women predominantly around the world. Earlier open cholecystectomy was the gold standard of treatment of this disease before introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study is to systematically review the most recent published data that compared laparoscopic with open cholecystectomy in symptomatic cholelithiasis in terms of operative and post-operative morbidity, mortality, operative time, length of hospital stay, and conversion rates. The Medline, Cochrane library, Embase, and PubMed databases were vigorously searched for trials that compared laparoscopic with open cholectstectomy in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis, a systematic review of these comparative trials was performed. No mortality was detected in both groups; the conversion rate was 6.75%. The laparoscopic approach associated with significantly shorter hospital stay (2.31 versus 4.42 days, p value>0.001), lower post-operative pain duration (30.5 versus 66.9 hours, p value>0.001) and lower rate of post-operative wound infection (2.8% versus 10.5%, p value>0.001). Regarding operative time it was significantly longer in laparoscopic approach (77.3 versus 67.1 min, p value>0.001), there were no significant differences in the rates of bile duct injury (0.84% versus 0.25%, p value=0.08) and intra-operative bleeding (4.2% versus 3.5%, p value=0.81) between the two procedures. Post-operative wound infection and pain duration in addition to length of hospital stay in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis were reduced with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, the laparoscopic approach associated with longer duration of surgery. No significant differences between the two procedures in the rates of bile duct injury and intra-operative bleeding.
Uterine non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report and review of literatures
Authors: Olalere Folasade D. H. , Adeyeye Abraham F. , Kuye Taiwo O. , Tijani Adeyemi F. , Rabiu Fatimah A. , Bamiro Abiodun R. , Akinbami Akinsegun
Published: February 2021

Primary extra nodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the genital tract are uncommon, and involvement of the uterine corpus is not only extremely rare but lacks pathognomonic signs and symptoms, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. This prompted this case report of a multiparous lady who presented with recurrent bleeding per vaginam and progressive abdominal swelling that was initially suspicious of being uterine sarcoma, but histological analysis of excised sample was diagnostic of non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the uterus. The report also highlights the challenges to diagnosis and management in a resource poor setting where advanced diagnostic aids are not readily accessible. The diagnosis of uterine non-Hodgkin lymphoma, though uncommon, should be considered in any patient with an abdominal/pelvic mass and/or abnormal bleeding per vaginam.
Community health perspective of gas flaring on communities in Delta region of Nigeria: narrative review
Authors: Obi Nkem , Akuirene Alero , Bwititi Phillip , Adjene Josiah , Nwose Ezekiel
Published: February 2021

The Nigerian gas flares emit as many imaginable pollutants that cause several health concerns. However, there is no comprehensive study done on the health impact of gas flaring on humans in Delta state. Hence, this paper seeks to identify the risks associated with gas flaring in relation to human health and the knowledge of gas flaring in the communities of Delta region of Nigeria. Following a non-systematic approach to develop this narrative, studies that link various diseases such as hypertension, cancers, birth defects, diabetes, respiratory problems, cardiovascular and kidney disease to gas flaring in the region, the risk perception and the policies and regulations were examined. Findings from most of the papers reviewed show an association between gas flaring and the diseases identified and prevalence of most of the diseases in oil and gas communities compared to areas where gas flaring is not practiced. In conclusion, insufficient data on the prevalence and association of diseases such as hypertension, cancers, birth defects, diabetes, respiratory problems, cardiovascular and kidney disease with gas flaring were some of the gaps identified. These results necessitate the need for epidemiological studies on the health effects of gas flaring on humans.
Recognizing hypothyroidism from a neurologist eye: tips and tricks
Authors: Chaudhary Ansh , Chaudhary Bhupendra
Published: February 2021

Hypothyroidism the most common endocrine disorder of adults with its protean neurological, neuropsychiatrical and neuromuscular manifestation needs special attention in clinical practice as majority of these symptoms can be reversed on timely administration of levothyroxine and attainment of euthyroid state, Thyroid hormones have critical influence on integral growth, development and functioning of central nervous system. Apart from usual clinical symptoms (especially in females) of constipation, fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia and menstrual irregularities, the persistent low thyroid hormones can present with wide range of neurological complications like mononeuropathy (corpal tunnel syndrome) and polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, dementia, psychosis, coma, encephalopathy (Hashimoto's) as well as myopathies.
Effects of design and operating parameters on the performance of a quasi-realistic Diesel cycle engine
Authors: KILIÇ Bayram , ARABACI Emre
Published: February 2021

Although Diesel engines have begun to be abandoned in the automotive industry due to the emission legislations of the world, they are still widely used in generators, work machines, agricultural machines, and heavy vehicles due to their high power density and thermal efficiency. The classical Diesel cycle, which is the thermodynamic cycle of Diesel engines, was developed by taking into account irreversibilities, heat transfer losses, friction, and gas exchange process, and a quasi-realistic Diesel cycle was obtained. Also, the working fluid of the Diesel cycle has been accepted as an air-fuel-residual gas mixture instead of air. This Diesel cycle model is very useful to examine the effect of Diesel engines' design and operating parameters on engine performance. For this study, the effect of variation in equivalence ratio, stroke-bore ratio, and compression ratio on engine performance was examined. Thermal efficiency, maximum temperature, exhaust temperature, fuel consumption, and specific fuel consumption are used as engine performance parameters. The characteristics and operating conditions of a Diesel engine in a power generator were used for the numerical study. Engine performance increased by increasing the equivalence ratio, which is the engine operating parameter. When the compression ratio, which is the structural parameter, increased, the engine performance increased, but the maximum temperature also increased, although it was not desired. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the compression ratio and the maximum temperature. Again, when the stroke-bore ratio, which is a structural parameter, was increased, engine performance decreased, but the maximum temperature decreased as desired. For optimization of the two structural parameters, compression ratio, and stroke-bore ratio, it is necessary to decrease the stroke-bore ratio while increasing the compression ratio. The results obtained with the numerical study using the created model are guiding for engine designers.
Educational Need Assessment of Occupational Health Inspectors in Tehran province
Authors: GOLBABEAIl Farideh , AHADIYAN Fariba , FARHANG DEHGHAN Somayyeh , SEDDIGH Alireza , SHAKERIAN Sareh
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Today, improvement of a labor inspectorate is an indicator of a country's economic and social growth development. So, inspectors need to perform a level of competence, professional knowledge, and skills. Training should meet these particular needs.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the educational priorities over 80 occupational health inspectors in Tehran province. The study tools included an attitude questionnaire and a knowledge test in occupational health based on the instructions provided by Ministry of Health inspection. The reliability and validity of these tools were evaluated and confirmed by quantitative and qualitative (Delphi) methods by experts in each field.
Results: The attitude of inspectors was in the desirable range (total score of 4.669). Knowledge status was low in all fields (in the 70% threshold) and very low in some cases. Regarding the educational priorities, chemical agents with an average of 4.121 and the lowest percentage of correct response were placed at the first priority of education. The sound and vibration with an average of 1.325 were laced at the seventh priority of education. Moreover, ergonomics, thermal stress, biological, and radiation were placed from the second to sixth levels of priority.
Conclusion:
Due to the low knowledge level of the studied participants and their abilities, these workers should be trained as inspectors in the realm of sound. To this end, continuous educational planning is required based on needs assessment studies.
Modeling the Consequences of Methane Gas Expansion in a CNG Fuel Stations of Isfahan Province
Authors: RASTIMEHR Mahdieh , BAHRAMI Mahshid , MAZLOMI Adel , CHALAK Mohammad Hossein , POURBABAKI Reza
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Assessment of the consequences of hazards such as fire and explosion is one of the most urgent and important steps to improve the level of safety in the current stations and those that are in the design process. The purpose of this study was to review the model of CNG Compressed Natural Gas releases and the range of damages to individuals and equipment. Moreover, we examined the observance of safe distance of this station to its surroundings.
Materials and Methods: In this study, modeling the effects of fire and explosion on the CNG fuel station in Isfahan province was performed using ALOHA software. In this model, six scenarios were designed to create a hole with a diameter of 0.03m and a gap of 0.2m and width of 0.2 m in a pressure vessel.
Results: It was observed that the toxic atmosphere was within the distance of 55 meters at a concentration of 65000 ppm. In the case of a gap, the toxic vapor cloud range could increase to 66 meters. The flammable superpower range was 89meters for the hole but 107 meters for the gap. The thermal radiation from the jet fire to the distance of 25meters was 10 kw/sqm for the hole, but the thermal radiation was 10 kw/sqm for the gap to 35meters.
Conclusion: The most dangerous scenario was the Jet Fire, which involved not only the CNG station, but also the municipal parking area. Furthermore,  the thermal radiation produced by the gap was greater than the hole with regard to the involved range.
The relationship of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale and Harmon Jones with Noise in Isfahan Steel Industry Workers
Authors: ALIMORADI Hadi , FALLAH MADAVARI Ruhollah , NAZARI Mahsa , JAFARI NODOSHAN Reza , ZARE SAKHVIDI Mohammad Javad , AJDANI Alireza
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Loud noise is one of the harmful factors that affects industry workers seriously. In the steel industry, a wide range of equipment and machinery are used in the production processes, which are considered as the sources of annoying noise. Sound has immediate and delayed harmful effects on the process of concentration and increases blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of noise in two different ranges in the control and case groups within the authorized (between 60 to 85 dB) and unauthorized (above 85 dB) categories in the steel industry.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 workers in Isfahan Steel Industries. Environmental sound assessment was performed to determine the distribution of sound pressure level according to the ISO 9612 standard in the company's production units. In this method, the number of exposed people, the exposure time, and the weight factor corresponding to the sound pressure level were calculated in 30 minutes. The DASS-42 and Harmon Jones (DARQ) questionnaires were used to predict the mental state of the participants and to measure the severity of mood swings and arousal. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (ver22).
Results: Based on the findings, age had a significant effect on depression, marital status had a significant effect on anxiety, and work shift had a significant effect on the level of stress and cognitive dissonance of employees. The stress mean was significantly higher in the case group (14.40 ± 1.66) than the control group (p <0.001). This indicates the effect of sound intensity level on the increase of stress and cognitive dissonance of workers in a noisy environment. With increasing exposure to sound, the participants’ stress decreased (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the positive and significant relationship of noise level with stress and cognitive inconsistency of workers in the case group, it is necessary to take effective preventive measures to prevent psychological harm and maintain the workers' health in this industry. In order to reduce noise, a number of applicable solutions have been proposed including spatial planning, selection of suitable materials, control of noise pollution related to outdoor construction, control of noise pollution related to indoor construction, and training.
Principles of pharmacoeconomic analysis: the case of pharmacist-led interventions
Authors: Tonin Fernanda S. , Aznar-Lou Ignacio , Pontinha Vasco M. , Pontarolo Roberto , Fernandez-Llimos Fernando
Published: February 2021

In the past years, several factors such as evidence-based healthcare culture, quality-linked incentives, and patient-centered actions, associated with an important increase of financial constraints and pressures on healthcare budgets, resulted in a growing interest by policy-makers in enlarging pharmacists’ roles in care. Numerous studies have demonstrated positive therapeutic outcomes associated with pharmaceutical services in a wide array of diseases. Yet, the evidence of the economic impact of the pharmacist in decreasing total health expenditures, unnecessary care, and societal costs relies on well-performed, reliable, and transparent economic evaluations, which are scarce. Pharmacoeconomics is a branch of health economics that usually focuses on balancing the costs and benefits of an intervention towards the use of limited resources, aiming at maximizing value to patients, healthcare payers and society through data driven decision making. These decisions can be guide by a health technology assessment (HTA) process that inform governmental players about medical, social, and economic implications of development, diffusion, and use of health technologies – including clinical pharmacy interventions. This paper aims to provide an overview of the important concepts in costing in healthcare, including studies classification according to the type of analysis method (e.g. budget-impact analysis, cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis), types of costs (e.g. direct, indirect and intangible costs) and outcomes (e.g. events prevented, quality adjusted life year - QALY, disability adjusted life year - DALY). Other key components of an economic evaluation such as the models’ perspective, time horizon, modelling approaches (e.g. decision trees or simulation models as the Markov model) and sensitivity analysis are also briefly covered. Finally, we discuss the methodological issues for the identification, measurement and valuation of costs and benefits of pharmacy services, and suggest some recommendations for future studies, including the use of Value of Assessment Frameworks.
MENGENAL PEMBELAJARAN BIPA BERDASARKAN KEBUTUHAN BELAJAR PELAJAR ASING
Authors: Pratiwi Adilah
Published: February 2021

BIPA Learning is an Indonesian language learning program specifically designed to provide language learning services for foreign students. In BIPA learning, teaching materials and learning strategies are specifically designed according to the learning needs of foreign students. BIPA students are students as speakers of other languages who have diverse cultural backgrounds and learning goals. Cultural diversity and learning objectives of BIPA students have implications for the difficulty in choosing appropriate materials and strategies for implementing BIPA learning. The suitability of the choice of materials and strategies with the needs of BIPA students can motivate students and improve learning effectiveness. Therefore, an adequate understanding of student characteristics, learning needs, and teaching materials are important aspects that need to be mastered by BIPA teachers.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN IMPROVISASI IMAJINATIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KONVERSI CERPEN KE DALAM BERMAIN PERAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI
Authors: Risdiawati Dian
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research and development is to produce Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model in the conversion short story to role play learning. Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model  is a way of learning that is planned to make students easier to modify short story texts into role play so that learning can take place actively, effectively, and creatively. The steps of the Imaginative Improvisation learning model, are (1) developing a framework, (2) improvising dialogue, (3) improvising behavior, and (4) assessment. Imaginative Improvisation learning model is a model that converts into role play by developing students' imagination and spontaneity. The data collectable by questionnaire from language and literature expert, model learning expert, Indonesian Language teacher, and student. Based on test product result, it is known that the product reaches a valid category and can be implemented.The purpose of this research and development is to produce Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model in the conversion short story to role play learning. Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model  is a way of learning that is planned to make students easier to modify short story texts into role play so that learning can take place actively, effectively, and creatively. The steps of the Imaginative Improvisation learning model, are (1) developing a framework, (2) improvising dialogue, (3) improvising behavior, and (4) assessment. Imaginative Improvisation learning model is a model that converts into role play by developing students' imagination and spontaneity. The data collectable by questionnaire from language and literature expert, model learning expert, Indonesian Language teacher, and student. Based on test product result, it is known that the product reaches a valid category and can be implemented.
PENERAPAN METODE PICTURE AND PICTURE DALAM KETERAMPILAN MENULIS NASKAH DRAMA ANAK
Authors: FAQIH FIYAN ILMAN
Published: February 2021

The skill of writing children's drama script must be in accordance with all children's lives. These skills are not easy for adults. Adults tend to force their minds on children. This happens because adults find it hard to think like children. This study aims to describe the application of the picture and picture method in writing children's drama scripts. There are 5 aspects that must be considered in writing children's drama scripts: uniqueness, creativity, interest, level of children's development, and the position of the drama script in the lives of children. These five aspects are the basis in the creation of ideas, themes, mandates, characters, disposition, setting, and plot of the children's drama script. These five aspects appear in the picture and picture method. The method can record all the activities of children so that children's drama scripts according to the uniqueness, creativity, interests, and level of development of children.
LOAN WORD: PLAYING WITH WORDS AND CONSONANTAL RADICAL THEORY
Authors: Sarage Japen
Published: February 2021

This paper aims at finding out possible ways of relating words in Arabic, English and Indonesian of which their status can be loan words. This kind of study is not possible in the view of historical linguistics since it studies only languages in the same language family. Being a member of language families of Semitic, Indo-European, and Austronesian languages, the three languages are said to be less related. But recent development proposed by Jassem shows that English and Arabic are significantly closely related. The English word rice /rais/ is related to the Arabic word ruzwhere the consonant /r/ is adopted, the vowel /u/ is split into a diphthong /ai/ and the consonant /z/ is weakened into /s/. The same Arabic word is likely adopted into Indonesian beras /bəras/ with two different sound changes i.e. the weakened vowel /u/ into /a/ and the additional sound or syllable /be/ at the beginning. It is a matter of fact that most Indonesian words consist of more than one syllable.The method of analysis in this paper uses Campbell’s theory of sound changes in determining the relationship among Arabic, English and Indonesian words. This method is completed by Jaseem’s theory of Consonantal Radical Theory. Some Arabic, English, and Indonesian words are analyzed by means of Campbell’s theory together with that of Jaseem’s. This paper says nothing about their historical background but provides proofs of word connectedness. This paper may support Jaseem’s theory of Consonantal Radical Theory, which may lead to rethinking of classification of language family