bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) SEED AND CASSIA ALATA LEAF EXTRACTS AS SURFACE PROTECTANTS AGAINST SEED BORNE FUNGI OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
Authors: Sowley Elias N.K. , Ofori Ruth A. , Kankam Frederick
Published: March 2019

Seed borne fungi constitute a major constraint to maize production and this is aggravated by the use of farmer-saved seeds which may be unhealthy. The study was aimed at testing the efficacy of Cassia alata leaf and neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts against seed borne fungi. Maize (Zea mays) seeds were obtained from three farmers in each of ten communities randomly selected from the Tolon-Kumbungu district. Seed borne fungi were isolated from seed samples by plating on PDA. Four fungi belonging to three genera namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Penicillium digitatum were isolated from the seed samples. These fungi were grown on PDA plates amended with aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cassia alata leaf and neem seed, carbendazim and sodium hypochlorite and their radial growth measured. Ethanol extracts of C. alata leaf and neem seed were similar but had a higher inhibition than their aqueous extracts. Aqueous extract of C. alata leaf inhibited growth to a significantly higher (P<0.05) extent than aqueous neem seed extract. Although ethanol extracts of C. alata leaf and neem seed had a significantly higher (P<0.05) inhibitory effect, aqueous extract of the former was better than the neem seed extract and may therefore be used by farmers in treating their seeds since ethanol is relatively expensive.
RELATIONSHIP OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AND INOCULATION TECHNIQUES CONDUCIVE FOR LOOSE SMUT OF WHEAT DEVLEOPMENT
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Khan Muhammad A. , Hussain Muhammad , Sajjad Muhammad , Farzand Ayaz , Moosa Anam , Jabbar Abdul , Khan Abdur R. , Akhtar Sohail , Binyamin Rana
Published: March 2019

Ustilago tritici, a seed borne pathogen, remains dormant in seed embryo and causes loose smut disease. The present study was conducted to evaluate two inoculation methods i.e., dip inoculation and syringe inoculation to find out the better method for efficient and reproducible assessment of disease severity, disease incidence and screening of resistant wheat germplasm. Syringe inoculation was found to be better for the inoculation of heads with higher disease incidence than dip inoculation method. Twenty-seven lines were tested for their resistance against loose smut. Two lines were moderately resistant, nineteen lines susceptible and three lines were highly susceptible. Environmental conditions play an integral role in the development of loose smut disease. The relationship of temperature, humidity and rainfall with loose smut development was studied. An average temperature of 23-27 °C, relative humidity 60-90% and rainfall 0.02-1 mm rainfall were statistically most conducive for disease development. The correlation of environmental factors significantly influenced the disease development.
MANAGEMENT OF SEED BORNE FUNGAL DISEASES OF TOMATO: A REVIEW
Authors: Chohan Sobia , Perveen Rashida , Abid Muhammad , Naqvi Atif H. , Naz Safina
Published: March 2019

Plant diseases caused by different kinds of microorganisms either carried through air, water or present in soil, seeds or propagative planting materials have adverse impact on agriculture production and economy worldwide. Apart from other crops vegetables are also subjected to several seed borne fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, which cause substantial yield loss upto 10 percent in Pakistan. This article gives vast information regarding significance and prevalence of various kinds of seed borne mycoflora (Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Botrytis cineria, A. alternata, Chaetomium globosum, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger, Drechslera specifer and Rhizoctonia solani) particularly associated with seeds of tomato. These mycoflora are causative agents of devastating tomato diseases like early blight, fusarium wilt and foot rots, grey mold, root and fruit rots. A range of conventional and modern techniques employed for seed borne fungal detection and different control strategies including chemical and biological methods opted by researchers have been reviewed in present paper. A variety of factors like availability of susceptible plants, favorable environmental conditions and overhead irrigation are serious constraints for plant disease development. Under these conditions, monitoring of plant health and detection of diseases particularly using seed detection assays to screen infested seed lots before planting provide effective disease management strategy.
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM (L.) FOR COTTON LEAF CURL DISEASE IN ASSOCIATION WITH AGRONOMIC AND FIBER TRAITS
Authors: Raza Hasnain , Rana Iqrar A. , Shakeel Amir , Hinze Lori , Frelichowski James , Azhar Muhammad Tehseen
Published: March 2019

Knowledge of genetic diversity in terms of resistance or susceptibility to cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) and the agronomic value of economically important traits are essential. This is also required before starting a breeding program to develop disease resistant varieties. Germplasm comprising of 17 conventional cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes were screened under field conditions for the evaluation of resistance against CLCuD in addition yield and fiber quality traits were also measured. Disease scores revealed that none of the varieties were resistant to CLCuD. CIM-615, MARVI, and CIM-616 were tolerant to moderately tolerant while the S-12 genotype was highly susceptible to the disease. These three most tolerant genotypes, CIM-615, CIM-608 and CIM-616 had the highest metroglyph scores resulting from taller, higher yielding plants with stronger and more uniform fibers. Using the metroglyph analysis, these 17 genotypes were separated into seven groups. The separation of these genotypes into groups indicated the presence of genetic diversity, and superior parents from different groups that could be utilized for pyramiding genes governing yield and fiber related traits in addition to the disease tolerance into a single cotton genotype.
COMBRETUM INDICUM – A NEW HOST RECORD OF ALTERNARIA BRASSICAE LEAF SPOT DISEASE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: Akhtar Naureen , Hafeez Rahila , Anwar Waheed
Published: March 2019

Combretum indicum leaf spot disease was observed during a survey of horticultural plants in Lahore. Isolation of causal organism was carried out from the disease leaves. The pathogen, Alternaria brassicae, was first identified considering morphological characters. The morphology based identification was confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis of ITS region of rDNA and phylogentic analysis of this fungus with closely related other fungal species. Pathogenicity of A. brassicae was verified following the Koch’s pathogenicity postulates. This report represents the first record of leaf spot of Combretum indicum by Alternaria brassicae from Pakistan.
OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF VEGETABLES SEED-BORNE MYCOFLORA IN PUNJAB PAKISTAN
Authors: Ahmed Bilal , Khan Babar , Ghazanfar Muhammad U. , Rajput Nasir A. , Jabbar Abdul , Ahmad Waqar , Walait Madassar
Published: March 2019

Vegetables seeds are carrier of mycoflora inciting bulk of diseases, responsible for quality and yield losses. Majority of microbes are saprophyte and few are potential pathogen for the crop. In this research seed mycoflora were isolated by using standard blotter paper and agar plate technique. Major vegetables of summer and winter seeds were collected from regional local markets of Punjab province. Among these 15 fungal genera and 18 different species were identified. According to results highest incidence of fungal pathogens were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium camemberti and Bipolaris spp. and low incidence of Stemphylium spp., Cladosporim spp., F. semitectum, Curvularia lunata, Rhizopus nigricans, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Fusarium oxysporum, Drechslera australiensis, Ascochyta spp., A. fumigatus, Rhizoctonia spp., Alternaria alternata and Chaetomium globosum. The agar plate method was found to be the most suitable technique for detection seed-borne fungi in vegetable seed. The results of this study could be helpful for management of seed borne fungal pathogens of different vegetables. Our findings may also helpful for seed treatment before sowing with appropriate fungicides to overcome the losses caused by seed borne fungi.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF TOMATO LEAF CURL VIRUS AND WHITEFLY POPULATION AND THEIR MANAGEMENT USING BOTANICALS
Authors: Mehmood Mirza A. , Perveen Rashida , Chohan Sobia , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Ahmad Muhammad M. , Shaaban Muhammad , Younas Aneela , Umer Hafsa , Akram Naila , Abid Muhammad , Sajid Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important food crop extensively grown all over the world and is susceptible to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) is a devastating disease of tomato, transmitted by whitefly, ultimately results in marked reduction of tomato production. In current experiment, four tomato cultivars i.e., Reo Grande, Roma, Moneymaker and Nagina were grown under field conditions to screen against TLCV. Correlation studies revealed a positive and significant relationship among TLCV, whitefly population and environmental factors (temperature and relative humidity). Highest whitefly infestation with TLCV severity was observed on moneymaker compared to other tested cultivars. Subsequently, moneymaker was further subjected to check efficacy of botanicals (neem leaf extract and garlic clove extract), detergent and Imidacloprid against disease vector i.e., whitefly and TLCV at different concentrations under glasshouse conditions. These botanicals and detergent elucidated promising results in reducing whitefly population followed by low severity of TLCV. Whereas, Imidacloprid was most effective in reducing whitefly population up to 1.00 adult/ plant followed by neem leaf extract, garlic clove extract and detergent that reduced up to 1.33, 1.67 and 2.33 adults/ plant, respectively. It is recommended that TLCV severity could be managed by using neem leaf and garlic clove extract which ultimately reduced the whitefly population and serves as a good alternative than hazardous pesticides on food crops.
ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FUNGICIDES AGAINST ALTERNARIA BLIGHT OF BRASSICA
Authors: Subhani Ahmed , Atiq Muhammad , Rajput Nasir A. , Bashir Muhammad R. , Asif Muhammad , Kauser Shakila , Ali Yasir , Hameed Akhtar , Muhammad Noor , Mazhar Komal
Published: March 2019

Brassica campestris is the leading oilseed crop of Pakistan. It fulfills 20% oil requirement of Pakistan. This crop is affected by various biotic and abiotic factors. Among all other yield limiting biotic constraints, Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria brassicae playes imperative role. In the current research fifteen advanced lines/genotypes (Punjab Canola, Faisal Canola, Shirale, Dunkeld, Rainbow, AC-Excel, Legend, Oscar, Cyclone, Con II, Con III, Bulbul 98, DGL, B.S.A, Toria selection) were sown at Department of Plant Pathology with three replications under Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) by maintaining the plant to plant (P×P) distance of 45 cm and bed to bed (B×B) distance of 75 cm. Two genotypes i.e. Punjab canola (48.83%), Faisal canola (50.06%) exhibited moderately resistant response. Similarly, eight commercially available fungicides namely Rally 40% WP (Myclobutanil 40%), Chlorotoxin (Azoxystrobin 5.4%+Chlorothalonil 45%), Alliette 80% WP (Fosetyli-Aluminium 80%), Success 70% WP (Metalaxyl 8% + Chlorothalonil 64%), Swing 72% (Metalaxyl 8% +Mancozeb 64%), Cytrol 75% (Thiophanate-methyl 35% + Chlorothalonil 40%), Antracol (Propineb 70%) and Score 250 EC (Difenconazole 250EC) were used with two concentrations viz. 0.25% and 0.50% of each fungicide under filed conditions with three replication and Randomized Complete Block Design. It was observed that both concentrations (0.25% and 0.50%) of swing played statistically significant role to inhibit the disease incidence. Therefore, it is concluded that Punjab Canola and Faisal Canola are statistically reliable advanced lines as compared to all other thirteen advanced lines/ genotypes. Likewise, the concentrations 0.25% and 0.50% of swing have statistically more potential to retard the disease incidence as compared to all other commercially available fungicides.
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES ON SPORE DISPERSAL TREND OF FUSARIUM MANGIFERAE CAUSING MANGO MALFORMATION DISEASE IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Malik Muhammad T. , Sahu Zubair , Tariq Talal , Khan Abid H. , Ullah Hameed , Zainab Aneela , Ammar Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Malformation is one of the most destructive mango diseases. Although trees are not killed, the vegetative phase of the disease impedes canopy development during vegetative phase of the host plant and floral phase dramatically reduces fruit yield with overwintering inoculums during dormant phase of the host plant. Environmental conditions and trend of spore liberation of its pathogenic fungus “Fusarium mangiferae” were recorded during flowering phase (Feb-April, 2014), fruit development phase (May-July, 2014), vegetative phase (Aug-Oct, 2014), and dormant phase (Nov-Jan, 2014-15), of the mango plants. Through installation of spore traps of various distance levels containing Nash-Synder media in petri plates. During these phases, different environmental variables including temperature (T), relative humidity (R.H) and wind speed (W.S) were observed. Maximum number of colonies were observed through the spores trapped from the centre of the experimental block (0m) while minimum numbers of colonies were developed from the spores trapped at 150 m distance. Amongst different phenological phases of mango, fruit development remained very much contaminated with spores of the fungus while minimum spore liberation was noted during flowering phase of mango indicating very rare infection during this phase. This study also reflected that maximum number of airborne macro conidia of F. mangiferae were recorded when R.H was below 55%. Low R.H appeared to be a major factor associated with the diurnal conidial dispersal of airborne pathogen. Hence primary infection of F. mangiferae starts from vegetative and floral buds differentiation and control strategy including spray of systemic fungicides should start at this stage of development.
MATING TYPE CHARACTERIZATION OF FUSARIUM CULMORUM STRAINS CAUSING WHEAT CROWN ROT IN IRAQ
Authors: Matny Oadi N. , Bates Scott T. , Shamsallah Sattar A. , Song Zewei
Published: March 2019

Fusarium crown rot (CR) of wheat is one of the most important diseases known from regions of the world where cereal crops are produced. In this study, we examined the mating types of F. culmorum CR strains isolated across Iraq, including more arid regions within the country. The result showed two mating compatibility (MAT) type idiomorphs of F. culmorum are present in Iraq, with 27.6% of the isolates examined representing the MAT-1 type and 72.4% representing the MAT-2 type. The MAT-1 type was commonly found among isolates from the mid-latitudes of Iraq, this being a warmer and drier region as compared to the country’s northern region; however, it was also detected from one isolate from a northern site. The MAT-2 type, however, was more broadly distributed across Iraq and was also detected among many isolates from the mid-latitude region. Thus specific biogeographic patterns were not apparent for mating compatibility idiomorphs. The mating types characterized here were also compared to chemotypes known for these same isolates and characterized in a previous study. This comparison revealed the MAT-1 type was found only among DON chemotype isolates, while the MAT-2 type was found among both DON and NIV chemotype isolates. Thus, there does not appear to be a direct correspondence between chemotype and mating compatibility idiomorphs within Iraq. Overall, a broader sampling across the country with more isolates being examined at each site is advised.
EFFECT OF SEED DRESSING CHEMICALS ON EMERGENCE, YIELD AND AGAINST SOIL & SEED BORN DISEASES OF WHEAT
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad , Ali Sajjad , Ahmad Faqir , Hussain Aftab , Nabi Ghulam , Chaudhry Muhammad T. , Muhammad Sher
Published: March 2019

Field studies were carried out at Adaptive Research Farm, Sheikhupura Punjab, Pakistan having rice- wheat cropping system to evaluate the efficacy of three different fungicides against seed or soil borne wheat diseases (Root rot, Loose smut & Black Point disease) during two successive seasons 2015-16 & 2016-17.The fungicides were Thiophenate methyl, compound fungicides i.e. Tubeconzol+ imidachloprid and Difenoconazol + cypnoconazol used as seed treatment at the rate of 2.5 g , 4 ml & 1 ml per kg of seed respectively. Incidence of root rot, loose smut & black point disease was recorded by selecting 15 plants, 100 plants & 100 seeds randomly of each treatment from each plot respectively in comparison with untreated control. All the fungicides significantly increased the seedling emergence per square meter about 15 percent as compared to untreated plot. Tubeconzol+ imidachloprid and Difenoconasol +cypnoconazol were the most effective seed dressing fungicide and reduced the number of rotted roots , loose smut infected spikes and black point infested seeds. Maximum number of productive tillers per square meter, healthy grains per spike and yield kg per hectare were recorded with compound fungicide Tubeconzol+ Imidachloprid followed by Difenoconazol + Cypnoconazol treated plots as compared to untreated plot.
Distribution and Determinants of Hypertension in Field Practice Area of CMC&H Bungal Pathankot, Punjab, India
Authors: Vimesh Puja , Chander Ramesh , Mehta Shivani , Singh Shyam
Published: March 2019

Blood pressure in a population follows Gaussian curve distribution with no real separation between normotension and hypertension. (1) Essential hypertension may be considered to be the result of interactions between genes and environment (2). Important environmental factors are obesity, smoking, family history, physical inactivity, dietary excess of sodium and fat, high income with sedentary habits, education, occupation etc. (3).

Material and methods: Present study is a cross sectional one, conducted in field practice area of Chintpurni Medical College & Hospital Bungal, Pathankot (CMC & H), Punjab (India). Criteria of Hypertension were defined using JNC7. It defines hypertension as blood pressure more than 140/90 mm of Hg. The data was collected during the month of October 2014

Results: Illiterate v/s education 12-16 years, prevalence was 57.05 % and 23.52% respectively (p=.0001, highly significant). In our study prevalence among students was lowest 6.89% and the house wives highest 52.17% (p=.008, highly significant). Similarly association with respect to education, occupation, monthly income, BMI, family history, table salt intake, non-vegetarian diet, smoking, etc. was highly significant (p <.01 at 99% CI). JMS 2017; 20(1):31-37
Isolation of Providencia stuartii from clinical samples : An emerging drug resistant pathogen
Authors: Angmo Dekyong , Nazir Shaista , Fomda Bashir Ahmad
Published: March 2019

Providencia is a gram negative bacilli belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family and found in soil, water and sewage. Providencia stuartii is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and is an uncommon cause of human infection. We isolated Providencia stuartii in wound swab and from blood culture. Swab was taken from leg wound in a patient with road traffic accident with degloving of skin. Identification of the organism isolated on blood agar was done by vitek 2 automation method (biometrieux) as Providencia stuartii in both the cases. JMS 2017; 20(1):38-40
Soft Palate Metastasis A Rare Site Of Metastasis In TCC Of Urinary Bladder
Authors: Raina Shubhra , Goel Varun , D Chandragouda , Talwaar Vineet
Published: March 2019

Majority of the urinary bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder typically metastasizes to the pelvic lymph nodes and to visceral sites including the lungs, liver, and bones. Other sites include the brain, especially after systemic chemotherapy. To our knowledge, we report the first case of TCC metastatic to the soft tissue of the hard palate and discuss common and unusual sites of metastasis in TCC. JMS 2017;20(1):47-48.
Evaluation of acridine orange staining of uncentrifuged urine as a screening method for diagnosis of urinary tract infection
Authors: Jan Abiroo , Fatima Akeela , Akhter Nighat
Published: March 2019

The term urinary tract infection (UTI) encompasses a variety of clinical entities, including asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), cystitis, prostatitis, and pyelonephritis 1. UTIs are the leading cause of gram negative sepsis in hospitalized patients and are the origin for about half of all nosocomial infections caused by urinary catheters 2. UTI is associated with considerable cost in terms of morbidity and economic and research expenditure.3  JMS 2017; 20(1):49-51
Deprescibing: Lesser Medicines For Better Health
Authors: Gupta Puneeta , Gupta Rajesh , Gupta Anil
Published: March 2019

The proportion of older adults exposed to polypharmacy defined as use of multiple medications, is rapidly increasing in the last two decades. There are many negative medical consequences associated with polypharmacy apart from higher health care costs. Studies in developed world have revealed that people aged between 65 and 69 years fill an average of 14 prescriptions per year whereas people between 80 and 84 years of age fill an average of 18 prescriptions per year. Deprescribing is the planned and supervised process of dose reduction or stopping of medication(s) that may be causing harm, or are no longer providing benefit. The reduced homeostatic ability as people age, given the changes in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and physiological reserve, affects different regulatory systems in elderly subjects. Ideally speaking, deprescribing is an inherent component of good prescribing practice and good medicine management for improving the quality use of medicines by reducing polypharmacy, lessening the burden of medicines, correcting overuse of medicines and reducing inappropriate prescribing. JMS 2017;20(2):57-61
Case of Large Brunners Gland Adenoma
Authors: Khurshid Sumat Ul , Lone Iqbal , Mir Wajahat
Published: March 2019

A 23-year-old man was admitted to the surgical ward with a two-month history of epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort, nausea and frequent bouts of vomiting. The Complete Blood Count (CBC) and biochemical investigations were within normal limits. On Endoscopy a large polypoidal mass arising from the  second part of duodenum was seen. JMS 2017;20(2):107
Decline in Beta-Cell Function among Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Masoodi Shariq Rashid
Published: March 2019

It is well known that beta-cell function declines over time in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The beta-cell dysfunction, initially characterized by impairment in the first phase of insulin secretion following glucose stimulation, advances to a decline in second phase insulin secretion as the disease progresses. But whether this decline in beta-cell function occurs in adolescents with T2DM is uncertain. Investigators prospectively compared beta-cell functioning over time between 39 adolescents with newly diagnosed T2DM (mean age, 15 years; body-mass index z-score, 2.4) and 32 obese adolescents without T2DM of comparable body-mass index, gender, and race (mean age, 14) during a 2-year period. Recently, researchers from Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina reported that adolescents with newly diagnosed T2DM had a 25% annual decline in beta-cell function despite receiving treatment. In this study, the results of which were first presented at the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the participants were adolescents with T2DM, more than half of whom were being treated with insulin whereas 80% were taking oral anti-diabetes medications. Beta-cell function in this study, assessed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months was measured by insulin secretion in response to an intravenous glucose load adjusted for insulin sensitivity (disposition index). The authors observed that adolescents with T2DM had significantly higher levels of both insulin resistance and fasting glucose at baseline compared with controls. But during the two-year study, the study subjects experienced a significant increase in fasting glucose and a 25 percent annual decline in disposition index. Understandably, both these indicators remained unchanged among the controls. JMS 2017;20(2):116
Effect of cilostazol on claudication distances and lipid profile in patients with occlusive peripheral arterial disease: A placebo controlled trial
Authors: Singh Surjeet
Published: March 2019

Objectives(s): To study the efficacy and tolerability of cilostazol in patients with moderately severe peripheral arterial disease.

Study Design: Randomized, open label, placebo controlled parallel study.

Methods: It is a prospective, randomized, open label, placebo controlled parallel study conducted in Postgraduate Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Department, Govt. Medical College Jammu for a period of one year.

Results: Out of 53 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 28 patients were assigned cilostazol 100mg twice daily, and 25 patients were given placebo twice daily. Cilostazol significantly raised both initial as well as absolute claudication distance, which was well sustained throughout all weeks of follow up, whereas placebo raised he claudication distance for initial few weeks, but decreased it below baseline subsequently. Cilostazol also had significant beneficial effect on lipid profile compared to placebo. There was almost no significant difference in patient’s assessment, physician’s assessment as well as side effect between two groups.

Conclusion: Cilostazol can be an effective treatment for patients of peripheral arterial disease with intermittent claudication. It also has favorable effect on lipid profile. However, long term randomized trials on large scale are required to further substantiate our findings. JMS 2017;20(2):77-81
Myths About Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in Kashmiri diabetics
Authors: Akhtar Sakina , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: March 2019

Methods:- 50 patients of diabetes who were attending OPD Endocrinology Department were taken randomly over 3 months in the study. patients were enquired about the diet they were avoiding or taking with the belief of Glycaemic control.

Result:- Of the 50 patients of the study 17 were males and 33 females.32 belonged to rural and 18 urban areas. 32 were illiterate and only 18 were literate.43(80%) patients were avoiding sweet fruits like Banana, Mango and Apple. 42 (84%)were found avoiding underground vegetables like  Potato, Turnip, Radish, Carrots and Onions. 17 (34%)were taking unlimited rice. 22(44%) were consuming refined oils.22 (44%) had tried bitter gourd for glycaemic control. 12(24%)had tried Fenugreek seeds for Glycaemic control.22 (44%) were avoiding lunch. 45(90%) were avoiding Dhals like Rajma. 11(22%) were having Miscellaneous beliefs. JMS 2017;20(2):69-72
Ceftriaxone Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Singh Surjeet , Wani Munir , Rasool Altaf
Published: March 2019

Introduction: toxic epidermal necrolysis is a life-threatening exfoliative disorder with a high mortality rate

Case presentation: we present a 65-year-old Kashmiri male patient who was admitted for recurrent bilateral inguinal hernia, and developed ceftriaxone induced toxic epidermal necrolysis during postoperative period when he was administered antibiotics during postoperative management.

Conclusion: toxic epidermal necrolysis is an exfoliative disorder which is mostly fatal. High clinical suspicion, prompt recognition, immediate withdrawal of suspected agent and initiation of supportive care are mandatory for these patients, where optimal treatment guidelines are still unavailable. JMS 2018;21(1):51-53
What is Ideal Proximal Resection Margin in Carcinoma Stomach
Authors: Shan Mubarak Ahmad , Andrabi Syed Muzamil , Shah Mubashir Ahmad , Naqash Sameer Hassan
Published: March 2019

Objective: The goal of cancer surgery is to achieve clear margins, where the surgeon resects the tumor along with normal adjacent tissue and pathologist confirms the absence of cancer cells of the margin of this resected tissue. Complete resection with negative surgical margins along with lymph node dissection has been accepted as the only possible curative treatment for gastric cancer. Although there have been several studies on the sufficient length of margins that guarantees tumor-free resection and prevents local recurrences, definite consensus has not yet been reached, especially about the proximal resection margin (PRM).

Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India between September 2011 and September 20013 and a total of 115 patients of ca stomach were included in the study. PRM of resected specimen was undertaken at 0.5cm, 1cm, 1.5cm, 2cm, 2.5cm, 3cm, 3.5cm, 4cm, 5cm and 6cm. A resection margin was considered positive if permanent section examination revealed tumor tissue at the line of transaction. The relation between infiltration of margins and various parameters of tumor-like location, size, histological type and depth of invasion into gastric wall was determined. The difference in the distribution and rate of margin infiltration was statistically evaluated, and a probability equal to or less than 0.05 was accepted as significant.

Results: Out of 115 patients of ca stomach who underwent partial or total gastrectomy, proximal margin infiltration was seen in 5 patients (4.35%). No infiltration of proximal margin was seen when the length of the resected margin was >50mm. Margin infiltration was commonly found in tumors located at upper third, in diffuse histological type and with lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion: Since tumor infiltration at resection lines has been accepted as an adverse prognostic factor, negative resection margin are crucial components of curative surgery. Achieving a negative resection margin is the ultimate goal when determining the adequate length for PRM. In our study, we found that a PRM of greater than 5 cm is ideal for having a negative resection margin for all grades, sizes and T & N stages of carcinoma stomach. JMS 2018;21(1):31-36
Paradoxical Reactions in Tuberculosis : Clinicians Burnout
Authors: Koul Ajaz Nabi
Published: March 2019

We want to make our observations regarding worsening of clinical and radiologic features in a patient of potts spine after institution of antitubercular therapy. The index case is 34 year old male presented with pain in lower back and fever for past many months. Clinical examination revealed febrile, weak and anxious person with normal clinical examination. His investigations revealed Hb 11.8 mg/dl, TLC, DLC, platelet count normal. ESR was 52 mm at 1st hour and Mantoux was 12 mm at 72 hrs. CXR, USG abdomen were normal. Brucella agglutination titre was not suggestive for endemic area. Retroviral card test and serology was negative. MRI lumbosacral spine revealed spondodiscitis L2 and L3 vertebrae with large paraspinal collection. Patient underwent decompression surgery with removal of necrotic collection. Histocytology of the specimens revealed langerhan type gaint cells and caseous necrotic material. Patient was put on antitubercular treatment. Patient started with subjective worsening after 2 weeks of treatment when repeat imaging revealed accumulation of paraspinal collection with pressure on lower end of spinal cord and cauda equina. Patient antitubercular treatment were continued with addition of dexamethasone. The clinical scenario started improving after 5 days of institution of steroids. The steroids were continued for 4 weeks and then tapered over next 2 weeks. Patient started to show marked clinical improvement at 2 months. The intensive phase of antitubercular therapy was continued for additional one month and maintenance phase was given for 9 months. After one year of institution of treatment patient had no neurologic sequalae and complete radiologic resolution. JMS 2018: 21 (2):127-128
Significance of Hand Hygiene in Clinical Practice and Literature Review
Authors: Khan Talib , Sheikh Ubaid Ahmad , Tran Sophia , Wani Shaqul Qamar
Published: March 2019

Hand hygiene is an integral part of the health care system and is the single most important measure to reduce transmission of micro-organisms from one person to another or from one site to another on the same patient. Here we present a practice perspective of hand hygiene with literature review. JMS 2018: 21 (2):130-133
A Comparative Analysis of Spectrum and Outcome of Common bacterial Infections in Patients with and without Diabetes-a Prospective Hospital Based Study
Authors: Sood Mona , Bhat Fayaz A , Masoodi Shariq R , Sofi Fayaz Ahmad , Rahman Yasmin Sultana , Bhat Moomin Hussain , Wani Arshad Iqbal , Bashir Mir Iftikhar , Ganie M Ashraf , Zargar Abdul Hamid
Published: March 2019

Objective: In this prospective study we analyzed clinical spectrum of infections and there outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus and compared it with nondiabeticcontrols admitted in Endocrinology division of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal study of 242 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Patients were studied in terms of clinical picture, biochemical, hematological and microbiological profile, type and severity of infection, treatment received, and final outcome. There were 142 diabetic patients in group 1 and 100 nondiabetic patients in group 2 served as control. Study subjects were followed for a median period of one year (52 weeks in diabetics, 65 weeks in non-diabetics) after discharge from the ward.Results: Diabetic patients admitted because of infections were older than their non-diabetic counterparts (74% vs 51%> 50 years; p<0.001) and mounted a less inflammatory response in terms of fever and leucocytosis(55% vs 82%:P<0.001).Urinary tract infections were the commonest infections observed among in-hospital diabetic as well as non-diabetic patients (36% vs. 30%; P>0.3). Diabetics contract some specific infections exclusively, like emphysematous pyelonephritis and foot infections, while respiratory infections were more commonly seen in nondiabetic patients (31% vs. 11%; P<0.001).Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest organism involved in soft tissue and diabetic foot infections (32% vs. 19%; P<0.03). Though mean hospital stay was equal in either group it was significantly longer in diabetic subjects when statistically adjusted for APACHE score.Comparative mortality rates were higher in non-diabetics with in-hospital deaths, followup deaths and total deaths of11%, 6.1% and 17.2% vs 4.9%, 4% and 9.1% respectively but re-infections on follow-up occurred more in diabetics (15% vs.2.6%; P=0.005).Conclusion: Poor glycaemic control and less inflammatory response in terms of fever and leucocytosis, longer hospital stay with increased chances of reinfections are poor prognostic indicators for outcomes in diabetic patients admitted with infections. Urinary tract infections and soft tissue infections particularly foot infectionsare causes of concern in our diabetic patients. JMS 2018: 21 (2):84-90
Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation
Authors: Rao Longshi , Ding Xinrui , Du Xuewei , Liang Guanwei , Tang Yong , Tang Kairui , Zhang Jin Z
Published: March 2019

We demonstrate an ultrasonication-assisted synthesis without polar solvent of CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) and their reversible transformation. The as-prepared CsPbBr3 PNCs and Cs4PbBr6 PNCs exhibit different optical properties that depend on their morphology, size, and structure. The photoluminescence (PL) emission and quantum yield (QY) of the CsPbBr3 PNCs can be tuned by changing the ultrasound power, radiation time, and the height of the vibrating spear. The optimized CsPbBr3 PNCs show a good stability and high PL QY of up to 85%. In addition, the phase transformation between CsPbBr3 PNCs and Cs4PbBr6 PNCs can be obtained through varying the amount of oleylamine (OAm) and water. The mechanism of this transformation between the CsPbBr3 PNCs and Cs4PbBr6 PNCs and their morphology change are studied, involving ions equilibrium, anisotropic growth kinetics, and CsBr-stripping process.
Massage Therapy in Management of Occupational Stress in Emergency Medical Services Staffs: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mahdizadeh, BSc Mahdi , Ansari Jaberi, MSc Ali , Negahban Bonabi, PhD Tayebeh
Published: March 2019

Background: Results of various studies indicate that emergency medical service (EMS) staff suf-fer from occupational stress that adversely affects their quality of life and their care quality. Purpose: This study aimed at determining the ef-fect of massage on occupational stress experienced by emergency medical service staff. Setting: Prehospital emergency medical services stations of a city in the southwest of Iran.Participants: A total of 58 members of staff of the emergency medical services, working in prehospi-tal emergency medical services stations. Research Design: In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 58 EMS staff were selected from prehospital EMS stations, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then assigned in two groups (29 in massage and 29 in control group) randomly by the minimization method. The inter-vention group received Swedish massage, twice a week for four weeks in the morning after the end of the work shift. Each massage session lasted 20–25 minutes. Subjects in the control group received no intervention. The level of occupational stress of the two groups was measured under the same condi-tions before and after the intervention by using the expanded nurses’ occupational stress scale (ENSS). Data were analyzed with the SPSS16 software by using the chi-squared test, paired and independent-sample t tests, one-way ANCOVA. P value < .05 was considered as the level of significance.Results: The mean and SD of total occupational stress scores in the control group was 114.41±30.11 in pretest and reach to 112.58± 30.62 in posttest stage. Also the mean and SD of total occupa-tional stress scores in the intervention group was 130.20±26.45 in pretest and reach to 110.41±21.75 in posttest stage. A one-way ANCOVA showed that there is a significant effect of massage on EMS staff’s occupational stress level after controlling for pretest score (p = .001).Conclusions: The training and the application of massage therapy can serve as an effective method in reducing occupational stress in emergency medical centers.
Benchmarking Substellar Evolutionary Models Using New Age Estimates for HD 4747 B and HD 19467 B
Authors: Wood Charlotte M. , Boyajian Tabetha , Braun Kaspar von , Brewer John M. , Crepp Justin R. , Schaefer Gail , Adams Arthur , White Timothy R.
Published: March 2019

Constraining substellar evolutionary models (SSEMs) is particularly difficult due to a degeneracy between the mass, age, and luminosity of a brown dwarf. In cases where a brown dwarf is found as a directly imaged companion to a star, as in HD 4747 and HD 19467, the mass, age, and luminosity of the brown dwarf are determined independently, making them ideal objects to use to benchmark SSEMs. Using the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array, we measured the angular diameters and calculated the radii of the host stars HD 4747 A and HD 19467 A. After fitting their parameters to the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database, MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks, and Yonsei-Yale isochronal models, we adopt age estimates of

Gyr for HD 4747 A and

Gyr for HD 19467 A. Assuming the brown dwarf companions HD 4747 B and HD 19467 B have the same ages as their host stars, we show that many of the SSEMs under-predict bolometric luminosities by ∼0.75 dex for HD 4747 B and ∼0.5 dex for HD 19467 B. The discrepancies in luminosity correspond to over-predictions of the masses by ∼12% for HD 4747 B and ∼30% for HD 19467 B. We also show that SSEMs that take into account the effect of clouds reduce the under-prediction of luminosity to ∼0.6 dex and the over-prediction of mass to ∼8% for HD 4747 B, an L/T transition object that is cool enough to begin forming clouds. One possible explanation for the remaining discrepancies is missing physics in the models, such as the inclusion of metallicity effects.
Unified Quantitative Description of Solar Wind Turbulence Intermittency in Both Inertial and Kinetic Ranges
Authors: He Jiansen , Wang Ying , Sorriso-Valvo Luca
Published: March 2019

There are various ways of describing intermittent features in space plasma turbulence, but we lack a unified paradigm to connect the results from these different approaches. In this work, we aim to construct a unified paradigm to describe various intermittency-related quantities with the same set of parameters. The Castaing function, which describes the scale-dependent turbulence amplitude as a logarithmic normal distribution, is adopted as a fitting function to describe the probability distribution of magnetic field difference at various timescales τ. Two fitting parameters (μ, λ) as a function of τ are obtained and regarded as the fundamental information, based on which various characteristics related to intermittency can be derived at one time, e.g., the high-order structure functions, their scaling exponent as a function of the order, or the flatness as a function of τ. We find it is the derivative ratio, DR = 

, that determines the order trend of the scaling exponent ζ(m). A negative DR of a small absolute is responsible for a curved ζ(m) in the inertial range, and a large positive DR leads to a straight ζ(m) in the kinetic range. Therefore, it is suggested that the probability distribution function of the magnetic increments spreads in width (λ(τ)) with decreasing τ in the inertial range, while it is saturated and even slightly reduced in the kinetic range. Moreover, it is found that the turnings between the inertial and kinetic scales for the two Castaing fitting parameters μ(τ) and λ
2(τ) occur at different scales: lnτ ∼ 0 and lnτ ∼ 2, respectively. The reason for this different behavior is still unclear.
Investigating the Transition Region Explosive Events and Their Relationship to Network Jets
Authors: Chen Yajie , Tian Hui , Huang Zhenghua , Peter Hardi , Samanta Tanmoy
Published: March 2019

Recent imaging observations with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) have revealed prevalent intermittent jets with apparent speeds of 80–250 km s−1 from the network lanes in the solar transition region (TR). Additionally, spectroscopic observations of the TR lines have revealed the frequent presence of highly non-Gaussian line profiles with enhanced emission at the line wings, often referred to as explosive events (EEs). Using simultaneous imaging and spectroscopic observations from IRIS, we investigate the relationship between EEs and network jets. We first identify EEs from the Si iv 1393.755 Å line profiles in our observations, then examine related features in the 1330 Å slit-jaw images. Our analysis suggests that EEs with double peaks or enhancements in both wings appear to be located at either the footpoints of network jets or transient compact brightenings. These EEs are most likely produced by magnetic reconnection. We also find that EEs with enhancements only at the blue wing are mainly located on network jets, away from the footpoints. These EEs clearly result from the superposition of the high-speed network jets on the TR background. In addition, EEs showing enhancement only at the red wing of the line are often located around the jet footpoints, which is possibly caused by the superposition of reconnection downflows on the background emission. Moreover, we find some network jets that are not associated with any detectable EEs. Our analysis suggests that some EEs are related to the birth or propagation of network jets, and that others are not connected to network jets.
Evolution of the Stellar Mass Function and Infrared Luminosity Function of Galaxies since z = 1.2
Authors: Beare Richard , Brown Michael J. I. , Pimbblet Kevin , Taylor Edward N.
Published: March 2019

We measured evolution of the K-band luminosity function and stellar mass function (SMF) for red and blue galaxies at z < 1.2 using a sample of 353 594 I < 24 galaxies in 8.26 square degrees of Boötes. We addressed several sources of systematic and random error in measurements of total galaxy light, photometric redshift, and absolute magnitude. We have found that the K-band luminosity density for both red and blue galaxies increased by a factor of 1.2 from z ∼ 1.1 to z ∼ 0.3, while the most luminous red (blue) galaxies decreased in luminosity by 0.19(0.33) mag or ×0.83(0.74). These results are consistent with z < 0.2 studies, while our large sample size and area result in smaller Poisson and cosmic variance uncertainties than most z > 0.4 luminosity and mass function measurements. Using an evolving relation for K-band mass-to-light ratios as a function of (B−V) color, we found a slowly decreasing rate of growth in red galaxy stellar mass density of ×2.3 from z ∼ 1.1 to z ∼ 0.3, indicating a slowly decreasing rate of migration from the blue cloud to the red sequence. Unlike some studies of the SMF, we find that massive red galaxies grow by a factor of ×1.7 from z ∼ 1.1 to z ∼ 0.3, with the rate of growth due to mergers decreasing with time. These results are comparable with measurements of merger rates and clustering, and they are also consistent with the red galaxy stellar mass growth implied by comparing K-band luminosity evolution with the fading of passive stellar population models.
The Wolf–Rayet Stellar Response To The Iron Opacity Bump: Envelope Inflation, Winds, and Microturbulence
Authors: Ro Stephen
Published: March 2019

Early-type Wolf–Rayet (WR) stellar models harbor a super-Eddington layer in their outer envelopes due to a prominent iron opacity bump. In the past few decades, one-dimensional hydrostatic and time-steady hydrodynamic models have suggested a variety of WR responses to a super-Eddington force including envelope inflation and optically thick winds. In this paper, I study these responses using semianalytical estimates and WR models from both MESA and Ro & Matzner; four conclusions are present. First, early-type WR stars do not harbor inflated envelopes because they have either strong winds or insufficient luminosities. Second, the condition for an opacity bump to harbor a sonic point is expressible as a minimum mass-loss rate,

. In agreement with Grassitelli et al. and Ro, the majority of galactic early-type WR stars can harbor sonic points at the iron opacity bump. However, about half of those in the Large Magellanic Cloud cannot given typical wind parameters. Third, WR winds driven by the iron opacity bump must have mass-loss rates that exceed a global minimum of 10−5.8–10−6

yr

. Lastly, the observed early-type WR distribution follows a simple mass-loss relation derived here if the radiation-to-gas pressure ratio is approximately p

r
/p

g
 ≃ 145 in the wind; a value consistent with studies by Gräfener et al. and Nakauchi & Saio.