bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Healing and Toughness Triboelectric Materials Enabled by Dynamic Nanoconfinement Quenching
Authors: Zhao Tong , Wang Jinlong , Liu Yanhua , Li Xiuzhen , Bai Yayu , Luo Bin , Chi Mingchao , Zhang Song , Liu Tao , Shao Yuzheng , Du Guoli , Zhang Puyang , Liu Zhaomeng , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi
Published: July 2024

Self‐healing materials that integrate excellent mechanical properties and high healing efficiency meet the requirements of flexible electronic sensors for mechanical flexibility and reliability. In the field of wearable devices, they are of great significance for improving the stability of the equipment and reducing the frequency of replacement. However, the high strength of materials often limits their self‐healing ability. When damage occurs, it will hinder the microstructural adjustment and fluidity of the material at the damaged site, thus negatively affecting the activation and execution of the self‐healing mechanism. In this study, a strength‐toughness and room‐temperature self‐healing triboelectric material is prepared by the dynamic nanoconfinement effect and the quenching effect of ethanol (referred to as the DNCQ strategy). The quenching effect of ethanol improves the aggregation of nanocluster phase, and the constructed nanoconfined network skillfully balances the contradiction between mechanical properties and self‐healing ability. The obtained triboelectric material has high tensile strength (27.1 MPa), toughness (97.9 MJ m−3), and excellent healing efficiency (88.6%). The self‐powered pressure distribution sensing array based on triboelectric materials can accurately reflect the pressure distribution of the object, which has potential application prospects in the field of wearable devices.
Porous Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel Functionalized with USC Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles for Corpus Spongiosum Repair
Authors: Wang Lin , Yu Mingming , Yang Yunlong , Lv Yiqing , Xie Hua , Chen Jiasheng , Peng Xufeng , Peng Zhiwei , Zhou Lijun , Wang Yang , Huang Yichen , Chen Fang
Published: July 2024

Reconstruction of a full‐thickness spongy urethra is difficult because a corpus spongiosum (CS) defect cannot be repaired using self‐healing or substitution urethroplasty. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by urine‐derived stem cells (USC‐sEVs) strongly promote vascular regeneration. In this study, it is aimed to explore whether USC‐sEVs promote the repair of CS defects. To prolong the in vivo effects of USC‐sEVs, a void‐forming photoinduced imine crosslinking hydrogel (vHG) is prepared and mixed with the USC‐sEV suspension. vHG encapsulated with USC‐sEVs (vHG‐sEVs) is used to repair a CS defect with length of 1.5 cm and width of 0.8 cm. The results show that vHG‐sEVs promote the regeneration and repair of CS defects. Histological analysis reveals abundant sinusoid‐like vascular structures in the vHG‐sEV group. Photoacoustic microscopy indicates that blood flow and microvascular structure of the defect area in the vHG‐sEV group are similar to those in the normal CS group. This study confirms that the in situ‐formed vHG‐sEV patch appears to be a valid and promising strategy for repairing CS defects.
Multi‐Functional Lanthanide Metallopolymer: Self‐Healing and Photo‐Stimuli‐Responsive Dual‐Emitting Luminescence for Diverse Applications
Authors: Zhao Di , Guo Lei , Li Qianrui , Yue Chunmei , Han Bing , Liu Kai , Li Huanrong
Published: July 2024

Photoluminescent metallopolymers displaying photo‐stimuli‐responsive properties are emerging as promising materials with versatile applications in photo‐rewritable patterns, wearable UV sensors, and optical encryption anti‐counterfeiting. However, integrating these materials into practical applications that require fast response times, lightweight qualities, fatigue resistance, and multiple encryption capabilities poses challenges. In this study, luminescent photochromic lanthanide (Ln) metallopolymers with rapid self‐healing properties are developed by cross‐linking terpyridine (Tpy)‐ and spiropyran (SP)‐ functionalized polyurethane chains through Ln‐Tpy coordination bonds and H‐bonds among polymer chains. The resulting products exhibit a range of intriguing features: i) photo‐stimuli responsiveness using spiropyran monomers without additional dopants; ii) dual‐emitting performance under UV‐light due to Ln‐Tpy and open‐ring spiropyran moieties; iii) satisfactory mechanical properties and self‐healing abilities from polymer chains; iv) multiple control switches for luminescence colors through photostimulation or feed ratio adjustments. Leveraging these attributes, the developed material introduces novel opportunities for light‐writing applications, advanced information encryption, UV‐sensing wearable devices, and insights into designing multifunctional intelligent materials for the future.
Utilization of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste Bottle into Disodium Terephthalate: A Sustainable Electrolyte for Visible to Near‐Infrared Broadband Electrochromic Modulation
Authors: Rathod Pramod V. , Chavan Pooja V. , Kim Hern
Published: July 2024

The growing challenge of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) plastic bottle waste underscores the urgent need for innovative solutions. This study introduces a pioneering approach to repurpose PET waste into valuable electrolytic material for electrochromic (EC) smart windows, presenting a novel strategy to address environmental concerns while advancing technology. Through alkaline depolymerization, disodium terephthalate (DST) electrolyte is derived from PET waste, offering an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective alternative. Integrated with chromogens such as 1‐hexyl‐[4,4′‐bipyridin]‐1‐ium iodide [MV(I)], or 1,1′‐dihexyl‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium iodide [DVH(I)], or 1,1′‐dihexyl‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium dihexafluorophosphate [DVH(PF6)], alongside hydroquinone [HQ] and poly(ethyene glycol) diacrylate [PEGDA]: water, novel EC gel‐based devices are fabricated. Notably, ED‐3 exhibits dual‐band absorption across the visible to near‐infrared spectrum, enabling seamless color transitions and exceptional optical contrast. With (ΔT) values of 88.03% at 550 nm and 73.7% at 900 nm, along with a coloration efficiency of 277 cm2C⁻¹ and cyclic stability exceeding 2000 cycles, this innovative approach marks a significant advancement in PET waste upcycling for EC applications. Furthermore, this research contributes to addressing the global challenges of plastic waste pollution and energy consumption, underscoring the transformative potential of sustainable material development.
Longitudinal analysis of cortisol changes during pubertal development in indigenous Qom girls
Authors: Glass Delaney J. , Godwin Jessica , Bez Eleanna , Corley Margaret K. , Valeggia Claudia R. , Martin Melanie A.
Published: July 2024

Pubertal research has primarily focused on hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG) regulation of puberty, though the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) is increasingly considered critical. Heightened HPA function proxied by increasing cortisol levels may play a role in accelerated pubertal timing. However, the extent to which cortisol varies across ages and its relation to pubertal changes in linear growth are less well substantiated. We explored relationships between age, linear growth, adiposity, C‐peptide (proxy for insulin), and cortisol across puberty, and we tested whether higher cortisol levels are associated with earlier ages at menarche and peak height velocity. We utilize longitudinal data (n = 777 urine samples) from Qom females ages 7–14 (n = 46) and test our pre‐registered analysis using Bayesian longitudinal mixed effects models and joint modeling techniques. We find limited evidence supporting the overarching hypothesis that HPA upregulation is associated with pubertal maturation or timing. We find some evidence that HPA upregulation, as proxied by cortisol, may be more clearly related to differences in relative linear growth at early‐mid puberty, as measured by height‐for‐age z‐scores. Transdisciplinary perspectives on puberty, including the assumption that stressors acting via cortisol accelerate pubertal development, are discussed.
A Simple Conversion of Aldoximes to Nitriles Using Thiourea Dioxide
Authors: Song Peidong , Cui Zhe , Meng Tingting , Rong Haojie , Mao Mingzhen , Yang Cuifeng
Published: July 2024

Thiourea dioxide (TDO) has been demonstrated to be an efficient reagent for the transformation of aromatic, heteroaromatic, alkenyl and aliphatic aldoximes to respective nitriles in excellent yields. Furthermore, this method has been applied to the synthesis of fungicide cyazofamid from a commercial precursor using TDO as a pivotal dehydrating and reducing reagent. This new procedure offers simple and easily reproducible technique for nitrile synthesis and highlights the synthetic utility of TDO as a versatile reagent in organic chemistry.
Social tension after grooming in wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) is sex specific and sensitive to social relationships
Authors: Wright Chloë India , Majolo Bonaventura , Schino Gabriele , Ventura Raffaella , Romero Teresa
Published: July 2024

Changes in the rate of self‐directed behavior—a proxy for social tension—offer valuable insights into individuals' experiences of social interactions. Many studies have tested the tension‐reduction hypothesis, whereby grooming is expected to reduce social tension in the grooming partners. However, it is still unclear whether responses to grooming are affected by social factors such as an individual's role or social relationship with their partner, and whether responses are similar for females and males. Focussing on same‐sex grooming in Yakushima Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui), we analyzed the effects of two social factors on the change in the rate of self‐scratching after receiving grooming: sitting in contact with their partner outside of grooming contexts (as a measure of relationship strength) and rank distance. We collected 10‐min postgrooming and matched‐control focal samples on recipients of grooming. After controlling for postinhibitory rebound effects, grooming reduced scratching in females (suggesting that grooming was relaxing for the receiver), but not in males. In females, this reduction was associated with increased sitting in contact and increased rank distance: being groomed was more tension‐reducing if the grooming partners spent time together outside of grooming contexts, or if their difference in rank was greater and therefore more conspicuous. The reduction effect was mediated by sitting in contact only when females had a higher‐ranking—that is, more dominant and potentially aggressive—groomer. Our findings suggest that not all grooming interactions are perceived as equal, which has implications for its use as an index of relationship quality. To our knowledge, this represents the first study of postgrooming social tension in male Japanese macaques and our results highlight the need for caution when generalizing findings from only one sex to the species level.
Microtiter Plate Immobilization Screening for Prototyping Heterogeneous Enzyme Cascades
Authors: López Idania L. , Sánchez‐Costa Mercedes , Orrego Alejandro H. , Zeballos Nicoll , Roura Padrosa David , López‐Gallego Fernando
Published: July 2024

Immobilization is a key enabling technology in applied biocatalysis that facilitates the separation, recovery, and reuse of heterogeneous biocatalysts. However, finding a consensus immobilization protocol for several enzymes forming a multi‐enzyme system is extremely difficult and relies on a combinatorial trial‐and‐error approach. Herein, we describe a protocol in which 17 different carriers functionalized with different reactive groups are tested in a 96‐well microtiter plate to screen up to 21 immobilization protocols for up to 18 enzymes. This screening includes an activity and stability assay to select the optimal immobilization chemistry to achieve the most active and stable heterogeneous biocatalysts. The information retrieved from the screening can be rationalized using a Python‐based application CapiPy. Finally, through scoring the screening results, we find the consensus immobilization protocol to assemble an immobilized four‐enzyme system to transform vinyl acetate into (S)‐3‐hydroxybutyric acid. This methodology opens a path to speed up the prototyping of immobilized multi‐enzyme pathways for chemical manufacturing.
Non‐Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Overall 99 % (002) Plane Achieves Extreme and Direct Utilization of 95 % Zn Anode and By‐Product as Cathode
Authors: Chen Sheng , Ouyang Kefeng , Liu Youfa , Cui Mangwei , Pu Guo , Wang Yihan , Zhang Kun , Huang Yan
Published: July 2024

Zn anode protection in Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) face great challenges of high Zn utilization rate (i.e., depth of discharge, DOD) and high current density due to the large difficulty in obtaining an extreme overall RTC (relative texture coefficient) of Zn (002) plane. Through the potent interaction of Mn(III)aq and H+ with distinct Zn crystal planes under an electric field, large‐size Zn foils with a breakthrough (002) plane RTC of 99 % (i.e., close to Zn single crystal) are electrodeposited on texture‐less substrates, which is also applicable from recycled Zn. The ultra‐high (002) plane RTC remarkably enhances cyclic performance of the Zn anode (70 % DOD @ 45.5 mA cm−2), and the DOD is even up to 95 % (@ 28.1 mA cm−2) with an electrolyte additive of polyaniline. Furthermore, MnO2, the by‐product of electrodeposition, is directly used as cathode of both coin cell and pouch battery, surpassing the cyclic performance exhibited by the majority of Zn||MnO2 batteries in previous instances. These results demonstrate the great potential of our strategy for high‐performance, low‐cost and large‐scale ZIBs.
Fence‐Type Molecular Electrocatalysts for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Zhu He , Jiang Jun , Dong Min , Meng Fancang , Ke Junru , Ji Hua , Xu Li , Li Gaoran , Fu Yongsheng , Liu Qi , Xue Zhenjun , Ji Qingmin , Zhu Junwu , Lan Si
Published: July 2024

Improving the slow redox kinetics of sulfur species and shuttling issues of soluble intermediates induced from the multiphase sulfur redox reactions are crucial factors for developing the next‐generation high‐energy‐density lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. In this study, we successfully constructed a novel molecular electrocatalyst through in situ polymerization of bis(3,4‐dibromobenzene)‐18‐crown‐6 (BD18C6) with polysulfide anions on the cathode interface. The crown ether (CE)‐based polymer acts as a spatial “fence” to precisely control the unique redox characteristics of sulfur species, which could confine sulfur substance within its interior and interact with lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) to optimize the reaction barrier of sulfur species. The “fence” structure and the double‐sided Li+ penetrability of the CE molecule may also prevent the CE catalytic sites from being covered by sulfur during cycling. This new fence‐type electrocatalyst mitigates the “shuttle effect”, enhances the redox activity of sulfur species, and promotes the formation of three‐dimensional stacked lithium sulfide (Li2S) simultaneously. It thus enables lithium‐sulfur batteries to exhibit superior rate performance and cycle stability, which may also inspire development facing analogous multiphase electrochemical energy‐efficient conversion process.
Redox Concomitant Formation Method for Fabrication of Cu(I)−MOF/Polymer Composites with Antifouling Properties
Authors: He Wenxiu , Li Xiangyu , Dai Xueya , Shao Lei , Fu Yu , Xu Dake , Qi Wei
Published: July 2024

Marine biofouling, which is one of the technical challenges hindering the growth of the marine economy, has been controlled using cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles due to the exceptional antifouling properties of Cu(I) ions. However, Cu2O nanoparticles have encountered bottlenecks due to explosive releases of Cu+ ions, high toxicity at elevated doses, and long‐term instability. Here, we present a novel method called Redox Concomitant Formation (RCF) for fabricating a hierarchical Cu(I) metal–organic framework polypyrrole (Cu(I)−MOF/PPy) composite. This method enables in situ phase transition via successive redox reactions that change the chemical valence state and coordination mode of Cu(II)−MOF, resulting in a new structure of Cu(I)−MOF while creating a PPy layer surrounded by the hierarchical structure. Owing to the steady release of Cu+ ions from the Cu(I) sites and photothermal properties of PPy, Cu(I)−MOF/PPy exhibits superior and broad‐spectrum resistance to marine bacteria, algae, and surface‐adhered biofilms in complex biological environments, as well as long‐term stability, resulting in 100 % eradication efficiency under solar‐driven heating. Mechanistic insights into successive structural redox reactions and formation using the RCF method are provided in detail, enabling the fabrication of novel MOFs with the desired composition and structure for a wide range of potential applications.
Cisplatin Encapsulated Plasmonic Blackbodies for NIR Light Activatable Chemo‐Phototherapy and Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Agarwal Mansi , Vincy Antony , Sridevi Garapati , Vankayala Raviraj
Published: July 2024

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an FDA‐approved chemotherapeutic drug used for treating various solid tumors. Despite of its effectiveness towards chemotherapy, it faces several challenges, such as multi‐drug resistance (MDR) and significant damage to the normal tissues. To address these challenges, various nanoformulations were developed to improve the delivery and safety of CDDP. One of the limitation in these CDDP loaded nanoformulations is that the effective CDDP loading concentrations are very poor. Therefore, this leaves a grand challenge to develop an effective strategy to carry higher concentrations of CDDP molecules, and also simultaneously exhibit very unique properties. Herein, we have developed an one‐pot synthesis of Cisplatin encapsulated Plasmonic blackbody (CiP), which offers a double play for near infrared (NIR) light activatable chemo‐photothermal therapy in destructing cancer cells as well as mediate catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP). The CiP nanoformulation exhibits superior light absorbing capabilities in the NIR region with an appreciable photothermal conversion efficiency of 41 %. Further, NIR light activatable combinatorial therapeutic approach of CiP was demonstrated against ovarian cancer cells and as a catalyst for the reduction of model pollutant 4‐nitrophenol. Our findings highlight the potential of CiP as a versatile platform for light‐activated combinatorial cancer therapy and environmental pollutant remediation.
Fluorimetric determination of Vonoprazan via quenching of nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped carbon quantum dots: A rapid and sustainable analytical approach
Authors: Barseem Aya , Elshahawy Mahmoud , Elagamy Samar H.
Published: July 2024

In this study, an environmentally sustainable fluorimetric method for determination of Vonoprazan fumarate (VON) in dosage forms using nanoprobes consisting of nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped carbon quantum dots (N, S‐CQDs). The N, S‐CQDs were prepared through a microwave‐assisted method in 30 s. The resulting N, S‐CQDs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). They exhibit fluorescence emission at 460 nm after excitation at 385 nm with a high quantum yield (60%). The analytical approach for VON determination relies on the quenching effect exerted by VON on the native fluorescence intensity of CQDs. The quenching mechanism was investigated using Stern–Volmer plots. The proposed method demonstrates linearity across a concentration range 10–80 μM (4.6–36.8 μg/mL) with corresponding limits of detection and quantitation calculated as 2.17 μM (0.99 μg/mL) and 6.58 μM (3.02 μg/mL), respectively. The method has been effectively utilized for the determination of VON in the pharmaceutical samples. Statistical comparison with reported RP‐HPLC has been performed to verify the accuracy and precision of the developed method. The environmental sustainability of the developed method has been thoroughly examined through various greenness metrics.
The innovative double or triple dental abutment‐implant: Case study with a 3‐to‐12‐year follow‐up
Authors: Colepícolo Luciana Silva , Mourão Martinez Maria Auxiliadora , Rodrigues Andrea Augusto , Baeta Leonardo Silveira , Costa Fernando Oliveira
Published: July 2024

Background

The aim of this case study is to present the rationality and scientific evidence of a new design for a double (DA) and triple (TA) dental abutment‐implant with their specific new concept of biodynamic optimized peri‐implant tissue (BOPiT).

Methods

The innovative design of these abutments with a paraboloid geometry was based on BOPiT, simultaneously involving the principles of mechanobiology, biotensegrity, and mechanotransduction. Thus, 37 consecutive individuals/43 cases rehabilitated with single dental implant using the innovative DA (n = 28) and TA (n = 15) on 43 implants were included in this case study. The DA and TA support 2 or 3 dental crowns on a single implant, respectively. Clinic and radiographic examinations were presented at T1 (loading after 4 months) and T2 [final examination with an average follow‐up time of 7.2 years (>3 to 12 years)].

Results

At T2, mean scores for plaque index, peri‐implant bleeding on probing, and peri‐implant probing depth were low, depicting healthy peri‐implant conditions. All radiographic images showed insignificant annual marginal bone loss (0.022 ± 0.05 mm) when compared to T1, reflecting great bone stability.

Conclusion

DA and TA, based on the BOPiT concept, represent an advantageous, simple and non‐invasive mechanism for the longevity and healthy regulation of the peri‐implant tissues.
Key themes in periodontal treatment: Lessons learned from 40‐year experiences
Authors: Montesano Joseph M. , Fried Ronald M. , Dragan Irina F.
Published: July 2024

Background

Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases with significant implications for systemic health. This study aims to explore themes influencing successful long‐term outcomes in periodontal treatment through a historical lens, focusing on various factors influencing the longevity of periodontal health and dentition stability.

Methods

Utilizing an inductive qualitative thematic analysis approach, this study utilized a retrospective chart review of 19 patient records spanning, on average, 40 years.

Results

Four major themes contributing to periodontal stability were identified: (1) adequate patient plaque control; (2) regular periodontal maintenance; (3) collaboration between hygienists and periodontists; and (4) the application of various periodontist/dentist‐performed procedures.

Conclusion

Current findings underscore the importance of these factors in preserving patients’ periodontal health by emphasizing conservative treatment approaches in the maintenance and retention of the natural dentition.

Key points

Adequate patient plaque control is essential for maintaining a patient's periodontal health and dentition long‐term.

A regular periodontal maintenance schedule should be assigned and modified as necessary for each individual patient's care.

Collaborative care with hygienist colleagues and ensuring there are flexible treatment options for patients can lead to successful treatment outcomes when hygiene alone is not sufficient.

Plain language summary

Periodontitis is a widespread oral disease with significant systemic health implications. This study examined patient records to identify factors contributing to long‐term periodontal stability and maintenance of teeth. By analyzing 19 patient charts over an average of 40 years using a qualitative approach, four key themes were identified in successful patient treatments: effective patient plaque control, regular periodontal maintenance, collaboration between dental hygienists and periodontists, and the addition of other approaches by periodontists and dentists when necessary. The study underscores the importance of these factors in preserving periodontal health and retaining natural teeth with conservative treatment approaches. This research highlights the critical role of sustained, multifaceted dental care and professional collaboration in achieving successful long‐term oral and systemic health outcomes.
Promoting multicultural and social justice counselling competency of international counselling students
Authors: Zhai Yusen , Prescod Diandra J.
Published: July 2024

The enrolment of international students in US counselling programmes has been increasing steadily over the past decade. These international counselling students, as an emerging international workforce, can contribute to the decolonisation of counselling practice through the development of their multicultural and social justice counselling competency (MSJCC)—an essential counselling competency to improve counselling outcomes across culturally diverse clients. However, current US counsellor training programmes often fail to adequately address the unique challenges faced by international counselling students, which can impede their progress in enhancing MSJCC. This article explores specific challenges international counselling students encounter in developing MSJCC, underscoring the importance of culturally sensitive pedagogies. By focusing on the intersectional identities of international counselling students, this article proposes targeted pedagogical strategies that align US counsellor education with the lived experiences and challenges faced by these students. Case studies are provided to illustrate the application of these pedagogies. Promoting international counselling students' MSJCC can help prepare an international workforce capable of effectively working with a diverse global population and contribute to the decolonisation of counselling practices.
OsO2 as the Contrast‐Generating Chemical Species of Osmium‐Stained Biological Tissues in Electron Microscopy
Authors: Li Ruiyu , Wildenberg Gregg , Boergens Kevin , Yang Yingjie , Weber Kassandra , Rieger Janek , Arcidiacono Ashley , Klie Robert , Kasthuri Narayanan , King Sarah B.
Published: July 2024

Electron imaging of biological samples stained with heavy metals has enabled visualization of subcellular structures critical in chemical‐, structural‐, and neuro‐biology. In particular, osmium tetroxide (OsO4) has been widely adopted for selective lipid imaging. Despite the ubiquity of its use, the osmium speciation in lipid membranes and the process for contrast generation in electron microscopy (EM) have continued to be open questions, limiting efforts to improve staining protocols and therefore high‐resolution nanoscale imaging of biological samples. Following our recent success using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) to image mouse brain tissues with synaptic resolution, we have used PEEM to determine the nanoscale electronic structure of Os‐stained biological samples. Os(IV), in the form of OsO2, generates nanoaggregates in lipid membranes, leading to a strong spatial variation in the electronic structure and electron density of states. OsO2 has a metallic electronic structure that drastically increases the electron density of states near the Fermi level. Depositing metallic OsO2 in lipid membranes allows for strongly enhanced EM signals and conductivity of biological materials. The identification of the chemical species and understanding of the membrane contrast mechanism of Os‐stained biological specimens provides a new opportunity for the development of staining protocols for high‐resolution, high‐contrast EM imaging.
Engineering of a Malonyl‐CoA Ligase for Production of Fluorinated Polyketide Extender Units
Authors: Paulsel Thaddeus Q. , Williams Gavin J.
Published: July 2024

Enzymatic platforms for producing malonyl‐CoA‐based extender units required for polyketide biosynthesis are often based on malonyl‐CoA ligases such as MatB from Rhizobium trifolii and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. However, despite broad interest in the fluorination of polyketides and prior success with engineering MatB homologs, the suitability of MatB for accessing the tertiary substituted fluoromethylmalonyl‐CoA needed to produce flurithromycin and solithromycin has not yet been reported. Herein, we report the structure‐guided engineering of a MatB homolog to optimize the production of fluoromethylmalonyl‐CoA, resulting in a variant with increased conversion and providing a platform to produce a suitable building block mixture for fluorinated macrolide production. Additionally, the mutant demonstrated broad utility for various substituted malonyl‐CoAs. The MatB mutant sets the stage to access fluorinated macrolides by coupling it with altered PKS machinery to install fluorinated malonyl‐CoA into macrolide scaffolds.
Pilot‐Scale Evaluation of Spiral‐Wound Modules in Osmotically Assisted Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Turetta Mattia , Bertucco Alberto , Briani Filippo , Barbera Elena
Published: July 2024

The osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) process is gaining attention for cost‐effective aqueous solution concentration. However, there is a lack of pilot‐scale studies. This research used two spiral‐wound modules in a pilot‐scale plant. The first one, an adapted commercial reverse osmosis module, showed no positive results, likely due to excessive membrane thickness and high internal concentration polarization. In contrast, the second one consisting of a novel forward osmosis prototype demonstrated promising outcomes, achieving water fluxes exceeding 2 L m−2 h−1 even at high salt concentrations (50 g L−1) and relatively low applied pressures (above 12 bar). The study highlights OARO potential, underscores limitations, and emphasizes the need for dedicated module design.
Effects of haze and weather in 2023 on crop maturation and yield in Ohio
Authors: Lindsey A. J. , Wilson A. B. , Ortez O. A. , Lindsey L. E.
Published: July 2024

Plain Language Summary

Wildfire smoke in 2023 led to hazy conditions throughout the United States in late June and early July. Farmers often asked what effect the haze had on the weather as well as crop growth and development. This report used weather data from Ohio to measure the impacts of smoke and haze on light availability, and to determine how temperatures may have been affected. Light during the season was reduced by up to 9% during the months of May–August, but reductions in temperature were more likely caused by northerly wind patterns rather than the haze. Cooler seasonal temperatures also contributed to delayed maturation and grain drydown in corn. Despite the haze and cooler temperatures, the 2023 state average yield of corn, soybean, and wheat were highest in 10 years. If haze conditions had occurred later in the season, the effect on corn and soybean maturation and yield may have differed.
Tetrel Bond Affects the Self‐Assembly of Acetylcholine and its Analogues and is an Ancillary Interaction in Protein Binding
Authors: Daolio Andrea , Calabrese Miriam , Pizzi Andrea , Lo Iacono Cristina , Demitri Nicola , Beccaria Roberta , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Resnati Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

The −N+(CH3)3 residue is present in acetylcholine (ACh) and in many of its analogues which are used as selective ACh agonist or antagonists for human therapy. The X‐ray structures of four ACh derivatives show the presence of short and linear contacts between the C atoms of −N+(CH3)3 groups and lone pair possessing atoms. These contacts can be rationalized as tetrel bonds (TtBs) thanks to their geometric features. Interrogation of the Protein Data Bank suggests that similar −N+−C⋅⋅⋅nucleophile contacts affect the details of the binding of ACh and its derivatives to proteins. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules, noncovalent interaction plot, and natural bond orbital analyses consistently confirm that the −N+−C⋅⋅⋅nucleophile contacts observed in small molecule crystals and in substrate/protein complexes are attractive in nature and can be rationalized as TtBs. TtBs involving methyl groups of the −N+(CH3)3 moiety can be proposed as a new item in the palette of interactions allowing the compounds containing this pharmacophoric unit to bind to their target protein and/or to express their biological/pharmacological properties.
Considering screening for hereditary cancer syndromes at the time of obstetrical prenatal carrier screening
Authors: Perez Luiza , Dioun Shayan , Primiano Michelle , Blank Stephanie V. , Lipkin Steven , Ahsan Muhammad Danyal , Brewer Jesse , Fowlkes Rana Khan , Abdul‐Rahman Omar , Hou June , Wright Jason D. , Kang Hey Joo , Sharaf Ravi , Prabhu Malavika , Frey Melissa K.
Published: July 2024

Preconception and pregnancy represent a unique window of opportunity for women to engage with the health care system. This article explores the possibility of offering testing for cancer‐associated pathogenic variants on obstetrical carrier screening panels.
Efficient Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction from Wolframite Derived Heteroatom Materials
Authors: Li Linghui , Tusseau‐Nenez Sandrine , Marchat Clément , Tard Cédric
Published: July 2024

New materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in alkaline conditions have been highly investigated in recent years for the advancement of water splitting. However, questions such as the lack of stability and the use of noble metals as electrocatalysts still need to be addressed. In this study, we report the synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of a series of wolframite tungsten‐based materials (MWO4, M=Fe, Mn, Ni, Co) towards OER in basic conditions. Our results showed that Ni0.5Mn0.5WO4 is a promising electrocatalyst, exhibiting ease of preparation, stability over the course of our experiments, and OER activity comparable to the standard iridium oxide. This study highlights the potential of wolframite tungsten‐based materials as a new class of electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline conditions.
Coordination and Diffusion in Glyoxal‐Based Electrolytes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Meyer Lea C. , Johansson Patrik , Balducci Andrea
Published: July 2024

Glyoxal‐based electrolytes have been identified as promising for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Here we investigate the properties of electrolytes containing potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) in 1,1,2,2‐tetra‐ethoxy‐ethane (tetra‐ethyl‐glyoxal, TEG) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, Raman spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The coordination and configuration of the complexes possible to arise from coordination of the K+ ions by FSI and TEG were investigated both from an energetic point of view as well as qualitatively determined via comparing experimental and artificial Raman spectra. Overall, the K+ coordination depends heavily on the electrolyte composition with contributions both from FSI and TEG. Energetically the coordination by both the trans FSI anion conformer and the TEG solvent with four z‐chain conformation is preferrable. From the spectroscopy we find that at lower concentrations, the predominant coordination is by TEG, whereas at higher concentrations, K+ is coordinated mostly by FSI. Concerning the diffusion of ions, investigated by impedance spectroscopy, show that the diffusion of the potassium salt is faster as compared to lithium and sodium salts in comparable electrolytes.
Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Adolescents With Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Frequency and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Monzani Benedetta , Luxton Rebecca , Jassi Amita , Krebs Georgina
Published: July 2024

Increasing empirical attention has been given to the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the development and maintenance of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Yet, current research has predominantly focused on adult and nonclinical BDD samples, and little is known about relevance of ACEs in adolescent BDD. The present study examined (a) the frequency of ACEs in adolescents with a primary diagnosis of BDD (n = 50) versus obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (n = 50) and (b) the clinical profile of ACE‐exposed youth with BDD. ACEs were ascertained through a systematic search of electronic patient records, as well as through a parent‐ and self‐report screening item for exposure to traumatic events. Results showed higher rate of peer victimisation (74% vs. 38%) and child maltreatment (44% vs. 24%) among BDD versus OCD youths; sexual abuse was the most common type of child maltreatment documented in the BDD group (28%) according to patient records. Parent‐reported exposure to traumatic events was also significantly higher in the BDD than the OCD group (40% vs. 18%, respectively). Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes did not differ between those with versus without a history of ACEs. The current study is the first to demonstrate that a range of ACEs are common in adolescent BDD. Our findings highlight the importance of screening for these experiences. Although further research is needed, our findings also indicate that adolescents with BDD who have a history of ACEs are broadly similar in their clinical presentation to those without, and benefit from BDD‐focused treatment.
Cognitions and Metacognitive Beliefs in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Nordahl Johanne , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Hjemdal Odin
Published: July 2024

Objective

There has been an increasing interest in understanding what contributes to the development and what maintains posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The cognitive model emphasizes that it is a disturbance of the autobiographical memory for the trauma, cognitive beliefs and maladaptive behaviour that maintain trauma symptoms. Interventions are based on cognitive restructuring and behaviour experiments to modify these beliefs. In contrast, the metacognitive model emphasizes that it is the metacognitive beliefs that give rise to the cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS) that maintain trauma symptoms. The focus of treatment is reducing CAS and working on metacognitive beliefs. The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of cognitions and metacognitive beliefs to trauma symptoms and investigate what predicts symptom burden in traumatized patients.

Method

Participants (N = 290) diagnosed with PTSD were included, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to explore if cognitions and metacognitive beliefs explained additional and independent variance in trauma symptoms while controlling for age and gender.

Results

Both cognitions and metacognitive beliefs contributed independently and significantly to predicting trauma symptoms.

Conclusion

The results provide further support for investigating what maintains trauma symptoms and what to target in treatment. This may have clinical implications for our theoretical and practical understanding of PTSD.
Generation and Characterization of hiPSC‐Derived Vascularized‐, Perfusable Cardiac Microtissues‐on‐Chip
Authors: Arslan Ulgu , van den Hil Francijna E. , Mummery Christine L. , Orlova Valeria
Published: July 2024

In the heart in vivo, vasculature forms a semi‐permeable endothelial barrier for selective nutrient and (immune) cell delivery to the myocardium and removal of waste products. Crosstalk between the vasculature and the heart cells regulates homeostasis in health and disease. To model heart development and disease in vitro it is important that essential features of this crosstalk are captured. Cardiac organoid and microtissue models often integrate endothelial cells (ECs) to form microvascular networks inside the 3D structure. However, in static culture without perfusion, these networks may fail to show essential functionality. Here, we describe a protocol to generate an in vitro model of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived vascularized cardiac microtissues on a microfluidic organ‐on‐chip platform (VMToC) in which the blood vessels are perfusable. First, prevascularized cardiac microtissues (MT) are formed by combining hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes, ECs, and cardiac fibroblasts in a pre‐defined ratio. Next, these prevascularized MTs are integrated in the chips in a fibrin hydrogel containing additional vascular cells, which self‐organize into tubular structures. The MTs become vascularized through anastomosis between the pre‐existing microvasculature in the MT and the external vascular network. The VMToCs are then ready for downstream structural and functional assays and basic characterization. Using this protocol, cardiac MTs can be efficiently and robustly vascularized and perfused within 7 days. In vitro vascularized organoid and MT models have the potential to transition current 3D cardiac models to more physiologically relevant organ models that allow the role of the endothelial barrier in drug and inflammatory response to be investigated. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Generation of VMToC

Support Protocol 1: Functional Characterization of VMToC

Support Protocol 2: Structural Characterization of VMToC
Plant‐derived exosomes: A Green Nanomedicine for Cancer
Authors: Sonar Swarup , Anand Krishnan
Published: July 2024

Exosomes are signalling molecules related to cell‐to‐cell communication. Based on sources (plants, stem cells, and immune cells derived exosomes) it offers promising therapeutic activity against cancer. Plant‐derived exosomes (PDEs) are natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are potent to provide organic precision nanomedicine to cancer therapeutics including targeted drug delivery. PDEs are gaining attention due to their safety and efficacy. There are plenty of different sources of PDEs in nature. This article explores various plants such as carrots, ginger, lemons, cabbages, blueberries, oranges, tomatoes, grapefruits, and tea leaves, which provide exosomes with distinct therapeutic properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. PDEs exhibit significant potential in drug delivery. Ongoing research and clinical trials predict that PDEs will become effective, and affordable solutions for cancer treatment.
Multidecadal vegetation transformations of a New Mexico ponderosa pine landscape after severe fires and aerial seeding
Authors: Wion Andreas P. , Stevens Jens T. , Beeley Kay , Oertel Rebecca , Margolis Ellis Q. , Allen Craig D.
Published: July 2024

Wildfires and climate change increasingly are transforming vegetation composition and structure, and postfire management may have long‐lasting effects on ecosystem reorganization. Postfire aerial seeding treatments are commonly used to reduce runoff and soil erosion, but little is known about how seeding treatments affect native vegetation recovery over long periods of time, particularly in type‐converted forests that have been dramatically transformed by the effects of repeated, high‐severity fire. In this study, we analyze and report on a rare long‐term (23‐year) dataset that documents vegetation dynamics following a 1996 post‐fire aerial seeding treatment and a subsequent 2011 high‐severity reburn in a dry conifer landscape of northern New Mexico, USA. Repeated surveys between 1997 and 2019 of 49 permanent transects were analyzed for differences in vegetation cover, richness, and diversity between seeded and unseeded areas, and to characterize the development of seeded and unseeded vegetation communities through time and across gradients of burn severity, elevation, and soil‐available water capacity. Seeded plots showed no significant difference in bare ground cover during the initial years postfire relative to unseeded plots. Postfire seeding led to a clear and sustained divergence in herbaceous community composition. Seeded plots had a much higher cover of non‐native graminoids, primarily Bromus inermis, a likely contaminant in the seed mix. High‐severity reburning of all plots in 2011 reduced native graminoid cover by half at seeded plots compared with both prefire levels and with plots that were unseeded following the initial 1996 fire. In addition, higher fire severity was associated with increased non‐native graminoid cover and reduced native graminoid cover. This study documents fire‐driven ecosystem transformation from conifer forest into a shrub‐and‐grass‐dominated system, reinforced by aerial seeding of grasses and high‐severity reburning. This unique long‐term dataset illustrates that post‐fire seeding carries significant risks of unwanted non‐native species invasions that persist through subsequent fires—thus alternative postfire management actions merit consideration to better support native ecosystem resilience given emergent climate change and increasing disturbance. This study also highlights the importance of long‐term monitoring of postfire vegetation dynamics, as short‐term assessments miss key elements of complex ecosystem responses to fire and postfire management actions.
Insect–microbe interactions and their influence on organisms and ecosystems
Authors: Holt Jocelyn R. , Cavichiolli de Oliveira Nathalia , Medina Raul F. , Malacrinò Antonino , Lindsey Amelia R. I.
Published: July 2024

Microorganisms are important associates of insect and arthropod species. Insect‐associated microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, can drastically impact host physiology, ecology, and fitness, while many microbes still have no known role. Over the past decade, we have increased our knowledge of the taxonomic composition and functional roles of insect‐associated microbiomes and viromes. There has been a more recent shift toward examining the complexity of microbial communities, including how they vary in response to different factors (e.g., host genome, microbial strain, environment, and time), and the consequences of this variation for the host and the wider ecological community. We provide an overview of insect–microbe interactions, the variety of associated microbial functions, and the evolutionary ecology of these relationships. We explore the influence of the environment and the interactive effects of insects and their microbiomes across trophic levels. Additionally, we discuss the potential for subsequent synergistic and reciprocal impacts on the associated microbiomes, ecological interactions, and communities. Lastly, we discuss some potential avenues for the future of insect‐microbe interactions that include the modification of existing microbial symbionts as well as the construction of synthetic microbial communities.