bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Causal Effects on a Disease Progression Trait Using Bivariate Mendelian Randomisation
Authors: Cai Siyang , Dudbridge Frank
Published: October 2024

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have provided large numbers of genetic markers that can be used as instrumental variables in a Mendelian Randomisation (MR) analysis to assess the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome. An extension of MR analysis, multivariable MR, has been proposed to handle multiple risk factors. However, adjusting or stratifying the outcome on a variable that is associated with it may induce collider bias. For an outcome that represents progression of a disease, conditioning by selecting only the cases may cause a biased MR estimation of the causal effect of the risk factor of interest on the progression outcome. Recently, we developed instrument effect regression and corrected weighted least squares (CWLS) to adjust for collider bias in observational associations. In this paper, we highlight the importance of adjusting for collider bias in MR with a risk factor of interest and disease progression as the outcome. A generalised version of the instrument effect regression and CWLS adjustment is proposed based on a multivariable MR model. We highlight the assumptions required for this approach and demonstrate its utility for bias reduction. We give an illustrative application to the effect of smoking initiation and smoking cessation on Crohn's disease prognosis, finding no evidence to support a causal effect.
Integrative Multi‐Omics Approach for Improving Causal Gene Identification
Authors: King Austin , Wu Chong
Published: October 2024

Transcriptome‐wide association studies (TWAS) have been widely used to identify thousands of likely causal genes for diseases and complex traits using predicted expression models. However, most existing TWAS methods rely on gene expression alone and overlook other regulatory mechanisms of gene expression, including DNA methylation and splicing, that contribute to the genetic basis of these complex traits and diseases. Here we introduce a multi‐omics method that integrates gene expression, DNA methylation, and splicing data to improve the identification of associated genes with our traits of interest. Through simulations and by analyzing genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 24 complex traits, we show that our integrated method, which leverages these complementary omics biomarkers, achieves higher statistical power, and improves the accuracy of likely causal gene identification in blood tissues over individual omics methods. Finally, we apply our integrated model to a lung cancer GWAS data set, demonstrating the integrated models improved identification of prioritized genes for lung cancer risk.
Mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone for induction of labor in women with intrauterine fetal death: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Oliveira Paloma Soares , de Almeida Artur Menegaz , Cabral Mauro André Azevedo Silva Kaiser , Guilherme Gustavo Lima , Ribeiro Antônio José Rocha , Giusti João Antônio Zanette , de Lima Rafael Morais Esteves , da Silva Garcia Jéssica Cristine , de Oliveira Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Background

Misoprostol is largely used in labor induction in cases of intrauterine fetal death. However, recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showed that the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol might have better effects than the use of misoprostol alone.

Objectives

To compare mifepristone and misoprostol lines of treatment.

Search Strategy

Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were systematically searched until April 9, 2024.

Selection Criteria

The eligibility criteria were (1) RCT, (2) comparing misoprostol alone versus the combined treatment, (3) patients undergoing labor induction due to intrauterine fetal death and (4) reporting at least one relevant outcome.

Data Collection and Analysis

Data were examined using the Mantel–Haenszel method and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statics. R, version 4.2.3 was used for statistical analysis. The analyzed outcomes were delivery time interval, adverse effects (fever, vomiting, diarrhea and nausea) and the preinduction Bishop score. Other important outcomes, such as uterus rupture, could not be included due to lack of data from the included studies.

Main Results

A total of seven RCTs comprising 599 patients with intrauterine fetal death were randomized to misoprostol or combined treatment to induce labor. Compared to the misoprostol only group, combined treatment presented lower delivery time interval (MD –6.86 h; 95% CI: −10.32 to −3.4; P = 0.0001; I2 = 87%). However, in terms of adverse effects, the combined treatment group presented lower occurrence of fever (2.25% vs 12.12%; RR 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.74; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%) and vomiting (7.64% vs 14.45%; RR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.29–1.01; P = 0.05; I2 = 0%). No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the preinduction Bishop score of the two groups (MD –0.09; 95% CI: −0.28–0.10; P = 0.35; I2 = 0%). Additionally, the mean of the preinduction Bishop score of the combined treatment was 2 versus 2.1 of the control group.

Conclusion

In this updated meta‐analysis, consistent results suggest that the combined treatment is associated with more beneficial outcomes than the misoprostol alone treatment in patients undergoing labor induction in intrauterine fetal death.
Digital Economy Oriented Tourism Industry Data Analysis in Semantic IoT
Authors: Wang Lu , Parameshachari B. D. , Miao Junfeng
Published: October 2024

The digital economy has revolutionized the tourism industry by integrating Semantic Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for enhanced data analysis. This paper proposes a comprehensive method for analyzing tourism flow using Semantic IoT. The method combines semantic data processing with advanced machine learning techniques, specifically stacked autoencoders and long short‐term memory (LSTM) models, to understand and predict changes in passenger flow. The approach addresses challenges of high dimensionality and complex temporal characteristics in tourism data, offering significant support for tourism management, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing the visitor experience. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in analyzing and predicting tourism passenger flow data, providing accurate and insightful trends that are crucial for decision‐making in the tourism industry.
Exploring reciprocal links between early adolescent coping and internalizing symptoms
Authors: Mytelka Caitlyn , Narendorf Sarah C. , Baumler Elizabeth , Acquati Chiara , Temple Jeff R.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The rising prevalence of depression and anxiety among adolescents is a public health concern. Early adolescence is a key developmental period to reduce risks for internalizing symptoms through primary prevention programs, yet additional research is needed on modifiable factors, such as coping skills, to target to mitigate risk factors. Therefore, we investigated the reciprocal link between coping style and internalizing symptoms among a racially/ethnically diverse sample of early adolescents (n = 1273) from 12 middle schools over 1 year.

Methods

We leveraged a longitudinal data set of a cluster, randomized trial of a preventive intervention from 12 middle schools in a large public‐school district in the United States to test our hypotheses using multilevel modeling. The sample was 49% female and racially/ethnically diverse (39% Hispanic/Latinx, 23% Black/African American, 12% Asian or Pacific Islander, 11% other, 9% White, and 5% multiracial). Participants (ages 12‐14) completed a baseline questionnaire in 7th grade (Spring 2018) and a 1‐year follow‐up questionnaire in 8th grade (Spring 2019).

Results

Depressive and anxious symptoms affected levels of active and avoidant coping skill use over the 1‐year period of the study, indicating that symptoms can be an impetus for maladaptive coping. We also identified bidirectional links between active coping and depression in addition to avoidant coping and anxiety.

Conclusions

Our findings have implications for augmenting coping psychoeducation within prevention programs to reduce internalizing symptoms among early adolescents and for future longitudinal and qualitative research exploring how coping skills reduce risks for internalizing symptoms throughout adolescence and into early adulthood.
Epigenetic regulation of myogenesis by vitamin C
Authors: Takeuchi Sachiko Yamashita , Dusadeemeelap Chirada , Kawamoto Tatsuo , Matsubara Takuma , Kokabu Shoichiro , Addison William N.
Published: October 2024

The micronutrient vitamin C is essential for the maintenance of skeletal muscle health and homeostasis. The pro‐myogenic effects of vitamin C have long been attributed to its role as a general antioxidant agent, as well as its role in collagen matrix synthesis and carnitine biosynthesis. Here, we show that vitamin C also functions as an epigenetic compound, facilitating chromatin landscape transitions during myogenesis through its activity as an enzymatic cofactor for histone H3 and DNA demethylation. Utilizing C2C12 myoblast cells to investigate the epigenetic effects of vitamin C on myogenesis, we observe that treatment of cells with vitamin C decreases global H3K9 methylation and increases 5‐hmC levels. Furthermore, vitamin C treatment enhances myoblast marker gene expression and myotube formation during differentiation. We identify KDM7A as a histone lysine demethylase markedly upregulated during myogenesis. Accordingly, knockdown of Kdm7a prevents the pro‐myogenic effects of vitamin C. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that KDM7A occupies the promoter region of the myogenic transcription factor MyoD1 where it facilitates histone demethylation. We also confirm that the methylcytosine dioxygenases TET1 and TET2 are required for myogenic differentiation and that their loss blunts stimulation of myogenesis by vitamin C. In conclusion, our data suggest that an epigenetic mode of action plays a major role in the myogenic effects of vitamin C.
Shear‐Wave Elastography Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in Chronic Kidney Disease Compared to Conventional Ultrasound
Authors: Jiang Cuiping , Zang Shiming , Gao Qi , Zhao Meili , Chen Songwang
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Non‐invasive tests are increasingly demanded for diagnosing and prognostication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Shear‐wave elastography (SWE), an emerging technique for measuring tissue stiffness, shows promise for distinguishing between individuals with different stages of renal fibrosis. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two‐dimensional SWE (2D‐SWE) and conventional ultrasound for detecting CKD, employing renal biopsy as the gold standard.

Methods

From May 2020 to October 2023, this prospective study included 30 healthy volunteers and 169 patients with CKD who had undergone 2D‐SWE and conventional ultrasound of both kidneys. Cortical and medullary stiffness, cortical pixel intensity, renal length, parenchymal and cortical thickness, interlobar artery peak systolic velocity, end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index were measured. The diagnostic accuracy of 2D‐SWE and conventional ultrasound was compared using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and Delong test.

Results

For diagnosing CKD, the area under the ROC (AUC) of cortical stiffness (0.96 [95% CI, 0.93, 0.99]) was significantly higher than that of all conventional ultrasound parameters, including EDV (0.78 [95% CI, 0.71, 0.86]) and cortical thickness (0.74 [95% CI, 0.67, 0.80]). The sensitivity of cortical stiffness (91%) was significantly higher than that of EDV (68%) and cortical thickness (53%). No significant difference was found in the specificity of cortical stiffness (96%) compared to that of EDV (79%) and cortical thickness (100%).

Conclusion

Two‐dimensional SWE showed higher diagnostic accuracy than that of conventional ultrasound for detecting CKD.
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed
Authors: Heilman Philip , Archer Steven R. , Williams C. Jason , Scott Russell L. , Goodrich David C. , Collins Chandra Holifield , Naito Adam T. , Ponce‐Campos Guillermo E.
Published: October 2024

The Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network common experiment addresses the aspirational practice of brush management (BM) to reverse the prevailing condition of woody plant encroachment (WPE) and increase perennial native grass production. Across the western United States, the decision to implement BM includes consideration of management objectives, cost, and the expected impact on a diverse suite of ecosystem services. Maintaining or restoring grass cover will help meet the LTAR sustainable production, economic, and social goals, and averting degradation will meet environmental goals. This common experiment, focused on hydrologic and erosion impacts of BM, aims to inform land management decisions on three major plant communities in the Southwestern United States: creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), mesquite (Prosopis velutina), and pinyon–juniper (PJ, Pinus and Juniperus spp.). On the WGEW, applying tebuthiuron pellets to creosote bush increased grass cover and reduced runoff and erosion. The 2016 BM experiment on the Santa Rita Experimental Range applied a commonly used liquid herbicide cocktail but achieved only 7% mortality on mesquite, probably because of the timing of the aerial application. Experiments manipulating rainfall amount and intensity on plots receiving fire, chemical, or mechanical BM treatments on PJ communities aim to improve process representation in simulation models. The deliverables of these BM experiments will be to (i) improve the performance of runoff and erosion models, (ii) enhance our ability to identify areas most at risk from reduced hydrologic function and soil erosion after shrub proliferation, and (iii) better predict how landscapes will respond to BM interventions. Ranchers, land management agencies, and watershed conservation organizations will benefit from training and availability of improved tools to focus treatments on areas where greatest net benefits might be realized.
A Brief Review on Different Reactions of Rhodanine
Authors: Das Paramita , Ray Suman
Published: October 2024

2‐Thioxo‐4‐thiazolidinone which is trivially known as rhodanine is a five‐membered heterocycle, containing a sulfur and nitrogen atom at 1 and 3 positions, respectively. It is a very attractive class of compounds, because derivatization of rhodanine yields a number of molecules having multifarious application in medicinal chemistry and biology. There are many molecules derived from rhodanine which are already being used commercially as drug molecules. So owing to the importance of rhodanine in the field of medicinal chemistry and biology, a comprehensive review familiarizing different derivatives of the parent molecule rhodanine and their syntheses is highly warranted. In this review, we have broadly categorized the reactions of rhodanine as; (a) Knoevenagel condensation through the C‐5 active methylene group with carbonyl compounds, (b) nucleophilic attack on thioxo group at position 2 of rhodanine by aliphatic amines, (c) thioxo to oxo conversion, and (d) all other reactions. So far, to the best of our knowledge, no such literature which accounts for all the different kinds of reactions of rhodanine is reported. Here, we have not only presented the reactions schemes from various literatures, but we have discussed about the advantages and inadequacies of that particular catalytic processes. Moreover, at the end of this article we have given our own critical analysis on these literature reports, based on our understanding and experience.
Changes in Water Surplus or Deficit and Possible Drivers in the North China Plain During 1961–2022
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ma Ning , Zhang Yongqiang , Guo Ying
Published: October 2024

In the North China Plain (NCP), the assessment of water surplus or deficit (WSD), which is calculated as precipitation minus reference evapotranspiration (ET0), holds significant implications for water resource management and agricultural irrigation decision‐making, given the region's long‐standing severe shortage of water resources. However, the magnitude, trend and climatic drivers of WSD remain poorly understood in the NCP. This study analysed the spatial and temporal characteristics of WSD, and quantified the contribution of climatic factors to WSD based on the sensitivity and contribution rate analysis methods with climatic data from 75 meteorological stations. The result showed that: (1) Annual WSD decreased mainly in northeastern NCP and increased significantly in southern NCP during 1961–2022. Annual WSD increased slightly from 1961 to 2022 at a rate of 1.63 mm a−2 mainly due to the more significant decrease (−1.88 mm a−2) in ET0 compared to precipitation (−0.25 mm a−2). (2) In terms of the sensitivity of WSD to climatic factors, relative humidity had the highest sensitivity, followed by net radiation, wind speed, precipitation and average air temperature. (3) Significant declines of wind speed were the most dominant factor affecting WSD variation in most part of NCP during most of a year, and net radiation of four stations in the western high‐elevation regions played the most important role. This study enhances comprehension of the impact of climate change on WSD in the NCP and provides a reference for improving management of agricultural water resources under NCP's evolving climatic conditions.
A Multiscalar Standardized Vapor Pressure Deficit Index for Drought Monitoring and Impacts
Authors: Nwayor Isioma Jessica , Robeson Scott M. , Ficklin Darren L. , Maxwell Justin T.
Published: October 2024

Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is a critical measure of the atmospheric demand for water and can be used to assess short‐term and seasonal drought. To provide for probabilistic comparisons of VPD across space and time, we develop a Standardized Vapor Pressure Deficit Index (SVPDI). Similar to the way that other standardised drought indices are used, SVPDI allows for the analysis and comparison of changes in VPD across regions with different base level VPD values. It also should be useful for analysing impacts on vegetation that has varying levels of adaptation to high VPD. We use 1‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month timescales for the development of SVPDI and show that the gamma distribution is superior to other zero‐limited probability distributions for analysing VPD and, therefore, for calculating SVPDI. Then, focusing on the short‐term variations at the 1‐ and 3‐month timescales, we show how SVPDI has changed globally from 1958 to 2023 and how those changes differ from those of the commonly used Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI). We find that SVPDI shows more widespread drying conditions that also are larger in magnitude compared to those of SPEI. Although the two indices are moderately well correlated across the terrestrial surface, we discover that they are more decoupled in humid and arid regions compared to dry sub‐humid and semi‐arid regions. Using four locations that have recently experienced severe drought, we find that SVPDI generally showed longer drought duration and more severe drought events in the last decade when compared to SPEI.
Creating a Sustainable Competitive Advantage: The Roles of Technological Innovation, Knowledge Management, and Organizational Agility
Authors: Satar Abdul , Musadieq Mochammad Al , Hutahayan Benny , Solimun Solimun
Published: October 2024

In an era of uncertainty and rapid technological change, the ability of organizations to adapt quickly and effectively becomes a primary imperative. This research meticulously examines the contribution of organizational agility as a mediating variable in the relationship between technological innovation and knowledge management regarding sustainable competitive advantage within the context of infrastructure and technology companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The structural equation model partial least square (SEM‐PLS) method used WarpPLS software. It was found that technological innovation and knowledge management had a significant positive effect on organizational agility and sustainable competitive advantage. Moreover, organizational agility significantly and positively influences sustainable competitive advantage. In testing for indirect effects, it is shown that organizational agility is a significant positive mediating variable that bridges the relationship between technological innovation and knowledge management on sustainable competitive advantage. These findings guide strategic decision‐making, offering a nuanced understanding of organizational agility that underpins success in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Adverse events associated with parenteral nutrition support therapy: A pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Jing Zhou , Hongyan Xu , Jingjing Ma , Mujuan Pang , Shiyu Man , Ying Su , Yan Hu
Published: October 2024

Background

Parenteral nutrition (PN) plays a crucial role in nutrition support therapy, yet data on related adverse events (AEs) in practical settings are scarce. To address this, we analyzed AE signals associated with PN treatment from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods

We extracted data from the FAERS database, covering the period from the first quarter (Q1) of 2004 to Q1 of 2024. Drug names and AEs were standardized. We then conducted disproportionality analyses using four different algorithms to evaluate the association between PN and its associated AEs.

Results

We collected a total of 48,890,925 reports from the FAERS database, of which 1642 involved PN‐related AEs. After categorization, we identified 21 system organ classes (SOCs), and hepatobiliary disorders were the only significant SOC across all four algorithms. At the preferred term (PT) level, we identified 99 PTs that showed significant disproportionality in all four algorithms. Fat overload syndrome, fatty acid deficiency, parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease (PNALD), Malassezia infection, and Pantoea agglomerans infection were the most prominent PTs. In addition, several potential new AE signals included nervous, cardiac, immune, psychiatric, blood, renal, urinary, and eye disorders.

Conclusion

Our study identified several common and rare PN‐related AEs reported in the FAERS database. Patients and healthcare providers should remain vigilant about these AEs. Understanding the risks of PN therapy and establishing practical procedures can help reduce AEs.
Effects of nano‐MoO3 on growth, quality and toxicity of soybean
Authors: Liu Yining , Shou Kailing , Wu Songwei , Tan Qiling , Hu Chengxiao , Sun Xuecheng
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Metal nanoparticles are widely used in agricultural production. As a new type of molybdenum fertilizer, MoO3NPs have the properties of nanomaterials and the characteristics of molybdenum nutrition. Previous studies have focused on their role in promoting crop growth. However, it is unknown whether excessive MoO3NPs will affect crop quality and nutritional value. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of MoO3NPs (0, 0.15, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10, 50, 100 mg kg−1) on the growth and quality of soybean were investigated by pot experiments to analyze the plant effects caused by MoO3NPs.

RESULTS

The results showed that the effects of MoO3NPs treatment on plant biomass and nodule number were promoted at low concentrations (0.15–5 mg kg−1) and inhibited at high concentrations (10–100 mg kg−1). According to the logistic distribution model, it was predicted that MoO3NPs would have the strongest toxic effect on soybean flowering stage. The contents of MoO3NPs which reduced the yield of soybean by 10% and 20% were 12.38 and 30.81 mg kg−1. NP0.15 could significantly improve the total amount of amino acids in grains, while NP100 reduced the total amount of amino acids in grains, both of them significantly increasing the contents of linolenic acid and linoleic acid in soybean seeds.

CONCLUSION

A change of MoO3NPs concentration had no negative effect on the nutritional value of soybean grains. The research could lead to a better understanding of the potential impact of nutritional changes caused by MoO3NPs on human health. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lateral femoral impaction fractures during an ACL tear extend posteriorly on the weight‐bearing area of the tibiofemoral joint
Authors: Malinowski Konrad , Mostowy Marcin , Ruzik Kacper , Starszak Krzysztof , Maciąg Grzegorz , Skowronek Paweł , Hirschmann Michael T. , Pękala Przemysław A. , LaPrade Robert F. , Kim Dong Woon
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Posterior elongation of the physiological terminal sulcus (TS) due to lateral femoral condyle impaction fracture (LFC‐IF) after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear could potentially decrease the weight‐bearing area of the tibiofemoral joint, decrease the tension on lateral meniscus and cause flattening of the LFC which would influence rotational knee motion and cause anisometry of the lateral and anterolateral stabilizers. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess if the LFC‐IF elongates the physiological TS posteriorly.

Methods

One hundred patients magnetic resonance images (MRIs) (75 males, 25 females, mean age 32.2 years, SD = 8.2) were included with a 1:1 ratio between the full‐thickness ACL tear group and the control group (patients with knee MRI performed due to other reasons, with no tear of ACL on MRI and negative clinical tests). Two independent raters evaluated the sagittal T1‐weighted preselected MRI scans. The principal measurement of interest was the distance from the intersection of the Blumensaat line with subchondral bone to the posterior border of the TS/LFC‐IF.

Results

The median distance from the Blumensaat line to the posterior border of the TS/LFC‐IF was significantly higher in the ACL tear group: 14.3 mm, interquartile range (IQR) = 11.6–16.4 mm versus control group: 12.8 mm, IQR = 9.0–15.0 mm, p = 0.038. Intrarater and inter‐rater reliabilities were >0.90.

Conclusion

LFC‐IF after full‐thickness ACL tear significantly elongates the physiological TS in the posterior direction.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
The management of isolated meniscal tears in skeletally immature children. An international expert consensus
Authors: Hampton Matthew , Ali Fazal , Nicolaou Nicolas , Ajuied Adil ,   Paediatric Meniscal Working Group
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The prevalence and appreciation of meniscal tears in children have increased in both number and complexity. There is currently a paucity of high‐quality evidence that can guide surgeons in treating skeletally immature patients with meniscal injuries. The aim of this study was to develop comprehensive recommendations for the management of isolated meniscal tears in skeletally immature children.

Methods

An international, two‐round, modified Delphi consensus was completed. Included ‘experts’ were identified as having an established adult knee practice, including children and either: (1) Faculty at an international paediatric knee conference, (2) Active members of complex national paediatric multi‐disciplinary groups or (3) Members of faculty on recognised national/international instructional courses aimed at teaching the management of meniscal lesions to knee surgeons. The currently available literature was reviewed, and areas of poor quality, inconclusive or absent evidence were examined and formed the focus of the study. A threshold of 70% was used to define consensus for our study based on other similar Delphi consensus studies in the literature.

Results

A total of 43 experts (Round 1) and 41 experts (Round 2) took part in the Delphi study, including surgeons from Europe, the United States of America and South America. 34 statements were identified exploring three main domains—clinical assessment, management and complex tears (bucket handle, discoid and radial). Following Round 1, consensus was reached on 17 (50%) statements; subsequently, after completion of Round 2, consensus was reached on 28 (82%) statements, leaving six (18%) with no consensus. The areas of no consensus included investigation of painless clicking, the most sensitive clinical test for meniscal pathology, treatment of small radial tears (less than 1/3 width), ability to reduce chronic bucket handle tears and timing of surgery.

Conclusions

This is the first modified Delphi consensus that provides evidence for surgeons treating skeletally immature children with isolated meniscal tears. A valuable level of consensus was reached on the assessment and management of simple and specialist meniscal tears. These consensus statements can both inform clinical practice and be used in the development of further high‐quality research studies.

Level of Evidence

Level V.
From Synthesis to Application in Infrared Photodetectors: A Review of InSb Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Xie Haixia , Zhang Cong , Yang Runqi , Xu Jie , Pan Yong , Yin Xingtian
Published: October 2024

InSb colloid quantum dots (CQDs) are liquid “green” semiconductor materials. Their band gaps can be readily adjusted by controlling their particle size. Their excellent photoelectric properties and non‐toxic properties render them highly suitable for the fabrication of low‐cost infrared photodetectors and image sensors in industrial and consumer electronics applications. Despite the concept and preparation of InSb CQDs having been reported for decades, the performance of InSb CQDs‐based photodetectors still lags behind that of their toxic PbS CQDs‐based counterparts. This is mainly due to the immature synthesis process and the lack of sufficient device research. Fortunately, significant advances have been made in the synthesis of InSb CQDs and ligand exchange strategies over the past three years, resulting in notable enhancements in device performance. This review presents a summary of the recent advances in InSb CQDs and their applications in photodetectors. A particular focus is placed on the development of controllable synthesis routes for high‐quality InSb CQDs, which represents a significant challenge due to the high valence nature of InSb. Furthermore, the performance of these devices is discussed in detail, with a particular focus on ligand exchange and surface treatment strategies. Finally, a brief summary and outlook on InSb CQDs‐based photodetectors is presented.
Deciphering the landscape of triple negative breast cancer from microenvironment dynamics and molecular insights to biomarker analysis and therapeutic modalities
Authors: Tiwari Harshita , Singh Swati , Sharma Sonal , Gupta Priyamvada , Verma Ashish , Chattopadhaya Amrit , Kumar Brijesh , Agarwal Sakshi , Kumar Rajiv , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Gautam Vibhav
Published: October 2024

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) displays a notable challenge in clinical oncology due to its invasive nature which is attributed to the absence of progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER‐2). The heterogenous tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC is composed of diverse constituents that intricately interact to evade immune response and facilitate cancer progression and metastasis. Based on molecular gene expression, TNBC is classified into four molecular subtypes: basal‐like (BL1 and BL2), luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory (IM), and mesenchymal. TNBC is an aggressive histological variant with adverse prognosis and poor therapeutic response. The lack of response in most of the TNBC patients could be attributed to the heterogeneity of the disease, highlighting the need for more effective treatments and reliable prognostic biomarkers. Targeting certain signaling pathways and their components has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving patient outcomes. In this review, we have summarized the interactions among various components of the dynamic TME in TNBC and discussed the classification of its molecular subtypes. Moreover, the purpose of this review is to compile and provide an overview of the most recent data about recently discovered novel TNBC biomarkers and targeted therapeutics that have proven successful in treating metastatic TNBC. The emergence of novel therapeutic strategies such as chemoimmunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells‐based immunotherapy, phytometabolites‐mediated natural therapy, photodynamic and photothermal approaches have made a significant positive impact and have paved the way for more effective interventions.
Imperfect bifurcation in predator–prey model with stocking and harvesting
Authors: Wu Ranchao , Chen Luzi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the imperfect and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations are investigated in a Leslie–Gower predator–prey model with constant stocking and harvesting. It is shown that the introduction of the stocking of predators can prompt the extinction of prey; with the harvesting of predators, the model will experience the imperfect bifurcation and the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation; meanwhile, no such bifurcations occur in the model with the stocking. The results imply that human intervention may lead to complex dynamical phenomena among species. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Embroidered textile antenna with dual‐band capability for body‐centric communication systems
Authors: Ghosh Debarati , Choudhury Suvadeep , Nandi Arnab , Chakraborty Ujjal
Published: October 2024

The integration of health monitoring and wearable antenna technologies has enhanced patient assessment and the provision of healthcare. Traditional health monitoring methods have evoked a surge in interest toward embroidered antennas as a viable solution for constant physiological monitoring in a noninvasive way. This study examines the performance of an embroidered wearable textile (EWT) antenna intended for breathing rate applications. The antenna is seamlessly integrated into a commercially available T‐shirt, extending the confines of “smart” textiles. The compact (45 mm × 26 mm) EWT antenna operates in 2.4 and 5.8 GHz with gains of 2.07 and 5.85 dBi, respectively. Crumpling and stretching analysis have also been investigated to ensure antenna's mechanical stability and reliability. Subsequently a specific absorption rate analysis has also been performed to quantify the radiation within specified limits.
The use of age and growth techniques to quantify the age structure of carryover hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish × male Blue Catfish) in commercial ponds in West Alabama
Authors: Palmer Julia , James Jesse P. B. , Sakaris Peter C. , Kelly Anita M. , Abdelrahman Hisham , Beck Benjamin , Roy Luke A.
Published: October 2024

Objective

In West Alabama, catfish Ictalurus spp. producers routinely face the challenge of fish that exceed market size (aka “Big Fish”) in their commercial ponds. These fish are skilled at evading seine nets during harvest and can increase in size significantly before subsequent harvests occur. This is problematic for catfish producers because processing plants prefer catfish within the 0.45–1.81-kg range and farmers are paid a premium price for catfish of this size. Due to their larger size and growth potential, hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) can become a more significant issue than Channel Catfish if they evade harvest. The objective of this study was to describe and quantify the age structure and growth rate of hybrid catfish that evade capture and remain in commercial ponds following harvest and grow beyond acceptable market size as defined by catfish processing plants (i.e., Big Fish).

Methods

Hybrid catfish were collected from 12 recently harvested commercial ponds in West Alabama from December 2021 to August 2022 using an electroshocking boat. Total length (mm), body weight (kg), and sex of collected fish were recorded, and lapilli otoliths were removed to estimate fish age and determine total length and total body weight at estimated ages.

Result

In this study, 1005 hybrid catfish were collected with the successful age estimation for 1001 catfish, ranging from 1 to 11 years. Results of this study indicate that hybrid catfish exceeded the premium size threshold in 2.72 years ± 8 months. Additionally, from age 2 to age 3, the average hybrid catfish gained 2.90 kg, growing from 0.40 to 3.30 kg. Growth rate was significantly affected by sex; males overall were predicted to weigh more than females based on the weight-at-age model.

Conclusion

Hybrid catfish should be completely harvested from commercial ponds following 1 year of harvest to receive the premium price per kilogram of live fish. If a complete harvest is unsuccessful, farmers can receive a discounted price per kilogram of leftover hybrid catfish based on current market trends.
Effect of stocking density on survival and growth of spiny sand lobsters Panulirus homarus in cages at 7-m depth
Authors: Minjoyo Herno , Rivaie Arief Rahman , Saputra Suryadi , Puja Yuwana , Putro Dwi Handoko , Dhoe Silfester Basi , Meiyana Maya , Antoro Suci , Slamet Bejo
Published: October 2024

Objective

The spiny sand lobster Panulirus homarus is one of the lobster species that has a high price in local and international markets and is economically valuable. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of stocking density on the survival and growth of spiny sand lobsters kept in cylindrical cages (1.00 m high × 1.15 m in diameter) at a depth of 7 m below the water surface, with an average ambient temperature of 29–32°C.

Methods

The 3-month study was performed in 2022 and had a completely randomized design. There were three treatment groups, each of which had three replications. Stocking densities were 10 lobsters/m2 (10 lobsters/cage) for treatment A, 15 lobsters/m2 (15 lobsters/cage) for treatment B, and 20 lobsters/m2 (20 lobsters/cage) for treatment C. The initial average body weight was 75 g/lobster.

Result

The survival rates for treatment A (mean ± standard error = 91.50 ± 0.25%) and treatment B (93.30 ± 0.51%) were higher than the survival rate for treatment C (86.05 ± 0.45%), but the values were not significantly different. Daily weight gain and the specific daily growth rate for treatments A and C were significantly higher than those of treatment B. The feed conversion ratio was not significantly different among the groups. Total hemocyte count in the hemolymph between treatments A and B as well as initial (day-0) values were not significantly different, but values for treatments A and B were significantly lower than that for treatment C. The hemolymph glucose value for treatment A was significantly lower than that of treatment C but was not different from that of treatment B.

Conclusion

The grow-out study of spiny sand lobsters at 7-m depth indicated an optimal stocking density of 15 lobsters/m2. This was supported by several physiological response and production performance parameters, which generally had no significant difference with those of the lower stocking density.
Comparison of microbiological loads of enteral products at two different ambient room temperatures
Authors: Yıldız Ilıman Alev , Yurttaş Merve , Ergül Dursun Fırat , Tutkaoğlu Salim
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite the high risk of bacterial contamination, no studies have been found that evaluate the optimal hanging time of open‐system enteral sets under room temperature and intensive care conditions. This study aims to determine the differences in microbial loads of solutions taken from open‐system enteral feeding sets hanging for 24 h under room temperature and intensive care conditions.

Methods

This study is a descriptive type of research. The study sample consisted of a total of 40 samples, with 20 samples under room temperature (25.2–23.3°C) and 20 samples under intensive care conditions (21.1–24.2°C). A simple random sampling method was used for sample selection. The assessment of microbial quality was based on the US Food and Drug Administration online Bacteriological Analytical Manual.

Results

In this study, it was determined that 5% of the samples taken from intensive care and 15% of the samples taken at room temperature exceeded the accepted limit for aerobic mesophilic bacteria count. The count of catalase and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus spp was 5% in intensive care samples and 40% in room temperature samples. The total coliform count was not detected in intensive care samples but was 35% in room temperature samples. Escherichia coli was not detected in either group.

Conclusion

Differences in microbial loads were observed when commercial enteral solutions were administered using open‐system enteral feeding sets under room and intensive care conditions for 24 h. Therefore, large‐scale studies are needed to determine the safe use of open‐system enteral feeding sets under room temperature conditions.
Nutrition support for patients with renal dysfunction in the intensive care unit: A narrative review
Authors: Otis Joanna L. , Parker Nicholas M. , Busch Rebecca A.
Published: October 2024

Providing optimal nutrition support in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a challenging and dynamic process. Energy, protein, fluid, electrolyte, and micronutrient requirements all can be altered in patients with acute, chronic, and acute‐on‐chronic kidney disease. Given that renal dysfunction occurs in up to one‐half of ICU patients, it is imperative that nutrition support providers understand how renal dysfunction, its metabolic consequences, and its treatments, including renal replacement therapy (RRT), affect patients' nutrition needs. Data on nutrient requirements in critically ill patients with renal dysfunction are sparse. This article provides an overview of renal dysfunction in the ICU and identifies and addresses the unique nutrition challenges present among these patients, including those receiving RRT, as supported by the available literature and guidelines.
Enhancing Stability in Wind‐Integrated Power Systems Through Coordinated Control of POD, PSS, and SVC With Fuzzy Logic: A Comprehensive Study Under Various Operating Conditions
Authors: Bhukya Jawaharlal
Published: October 2024

This research proposes a coordinated approach for power oscillation damping (POD) of wind farms (WFs), power system stabilizer (PSS) of synchronous generators (SGs), and static var compensator (SVC) to enhance transient stability. The study explored the impact of wind speed variation, WF integration, and replacement of SG with WF and severe disturbances on system stability, addressing challenges such as dynamic performance impact and reduced power system inertia, which can lead to stability issues and undamped oscillations in generators. Different control strategies, including POD, PSS, and SVC, are proposed to tackle these challenges and improve transient stability. Conventional controllers face limitations in handling nonlinear characteristics, especially during severe disturbances. Coordination between POD, PSS, and SVC is crucial for achieving desired performance, facilitated by fuzzy logic control (FLC). FLC adapts to system operating conditions, generating optimal signals to adjust controllers based on measured variables. Utilizing FLC, lead‐lag parameters of controllers are finely tuned, demonstrating improved stability performance over conventional approaches. The MATLAB/Simulink using RT‐Lab‐OP4500 experimental platform with the modified IEEE‐9‐bus system confirm the proposed approach's effectiveness in enhancing transient stability under diverse operating conditions. Comparative analysis confirms the proposed approach's robustness and superiority in stabilizing power oscillations, especially during three‐phase faults. Results demonstrate improved stability performance and effective damping of oscillations, establishing the coordinated controller combinations with FLC as a viable solution for system stability enhancement. The proposed approach enhances small signal and transient stability by effectively damping oscillations, demonstrating promising results for practical applications during challenges related to uncertainties and nonlinearities.
COVID‐19 management in India: What worked and what didn't?
Authors: Srinivas Voruganti , Salwan Prashant , Sharma Namrta , Sabharwal Meghna
Published: October 2024

With a population of 1.4 billion and 269.3 million people below the poverty line, the biggest challenge for the Indian government was to contain the spread of the COVID‐19 virus and save lives. In a geographically, linguistically, and economically diverse country like India, a federal governance system presents unique challenges and opportunities for public administration at the federal, state, and local levels, which became particularly pronounced during the pandemic. The present study highlights some of the significant problems and lessons thereof, from the management of the pandemic in the Indian context. The study can be of significance for public administrators in dealing with wicked problem and crises in large and complex societies.
Core Concepts in Pharmacoepidemiology: Time‐To‐Event Analysis Approaches in Pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Rippin Gerd , Salmasi Shahrzad , Sanz Héctor , Largent Joan
Published: October 2024

Aim

This article provides an overview of time‐to‐event (TTE) analysis in pharmacoepidemiology.

Materials & Methods

The key concept of censoring is reviewed, including right‐, left‐, interval‐ and informative censoring. Simple descriptive statistics are explained, including the nonparametric estimation of the TTE distribution as per Kaplan–Meier method, as well as more complex TTE regression approaches, including the parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model and the semi‐parametric Cox Proportional Hazards and Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) models. Additional approaches and various TTE model extensions are presented as well. Finally, causal inference for TTE outcomes is addressed.

Results

A thorough review of the available concepts and methods outlines the immense variety of available and useful TTE models.

Discussion

There may be underused TTE concepts and methods, which are highlighted to raise awareness for researchers who aim to apply the most appropriate TTE approach for their study.

Conclusion

This paper constitutes a modern summary of TTE analysis concepts and methods. A curated list of references is provided.
In‐site synthesis of TiO2 in (HEMA‐AA)‐co‐PDMS hydrogel: UV resistance, optical transparency, and hydrophilicity
Authors: Ji Lijun , Ji Yunkang , Li Huiting , Nong Lijuan , Qin Xiang
Published: October 2024

A (HEMA‐AA)‐co‐PDMS hydrogel doped with TiO2 nanoparticles was prepared by an in‐situ synthesis method. The relationships between the composition and structure and performance of the hydrogel were characterized by SEM, TEM, TGA, FTIR, AFM, XPS, UV–vis, a universal testing machine, and contact angle. The in‐situ synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles in the hydrogel improved the hydrophilicity and the absorption of UV and blue light significantly. UV‐C and UV‐B in the range of 100–280 nm and 280–315 nm, respectively, were absorbed completely. Absorption of UV‐A light in the range of 315–400 nm was enhanced from 18% to 45% while the absorption of blue light in the range of 400–500 nm was enhanced from 10% to 30%. Visible light transmittance in the range of 500–800 nm was maintained around 90%. The contact angle of the (HEMA‐AA)‐co‐PDMS hydrogel decreased from 79.5° to 41.5°, and the high elongation at break was retained. The oxygen permeability coefficient of the (HEMA‐AA)‐co‐PDMS hydrogel was 12.12 × 10−11 (cm2/s) [mLO2/(mL × mmHg)]. This TiO2 nanoparticle‐doped (HEMA‐AA)‐co‐PDMS hydrogel showed great potential for producing contact lens with UV and blue light protection.