bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risks of hypertension and thromboembolism in patients receiving bevacizumab with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chitkara Akshit , Kaur Nirmaljot , Desai Aditya , Mehta Devanshi , Anamika Fnu , Sarkar Srawani , Gowda Nandini , Sethi Prabhdeep , Thawani Rajat , Chen Emerson Y.
Published: December 2023

Background

Guidelines show that for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), a combination of three‐drug regimens, fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin and bevacizumab (BVZ), is one of the first‐line standard therapies. BVZ is generally well tolerated; however, it is associated with infrequent, life‐threatening side effects such as severe hypertension (HTN) (5%–18%), Grade ≥3 arterial thromboembolism (ATE) (2.6%), Grade ≥3 hemorrhagic events (1.2%–4.6%), and gastrointestinal perforation (0.3%–2.4%). This meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the additive risk of BVZ‐induced severe HTN and thromboembolism when BVZ is combined with a standard chemotherapy regime in patients with mCRC.

Methods

Our search was conducted from January 29, 2022, to February 22, 2022, through databases of PubMed, clinicaltrial.gov, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Data analysis from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical trials was conducted using Review Manager V.5.4, comparing BVZ‐chemotherapy to chemotherapy only, focusing on cardiovascular AE such as HTN and arterial and venous thromboembolism.

Results

The analysis from 26 clinical trials and RCTs showed that the odds of HTN were about four times higher, and ATE subgroup analysis of 11 studies showed over two times higher odds of ATE in patients being treated with BVZ compared to the chemotherapy‐only group.

Conclusion

BVZ, when added to the standard chemotherapy regimen for mCRC, was associated with higher odds of developing HTN and thromboembolism, specifically ATE, than the chemotherapy‐only group. Our findings are significant as they provide vital information in analyzing the risk–benefit ratio of adding BVZ to the standard chemotherapy regime in patients with mCRC, especially in patients with vascular comorbidities.
Utilization of cardiac tests in anthracycline‐treated cancer survivors differs between young adults and children: A claims‐based analysis
Authors: Ji Xu , Hu Xin , Lipscomb Joseph , Chow Eric J. , Mertens Ann C. , Castellino Sharon M.
Published: December 2023

Background

The Children's Oncology Group Guidelines recommend a cardiacechocardiogram, or comparable functional imaging, following therapy completion in survivors of childhood/adolescent cancers exposed to anthracyclines.

Methods

Using the 2009–2019 Merative™ MarketScan® Commercial Database, we examined real‐world utilization of cardiac testing among 1609 anthracycline‐treated survivors of childhood/adolescent cancers.

Results

The cumulative incidence of receiving an initial cardiac test by 5.25 years from the index date (six months after end‐of‐therapy) was 62.3% (95% CI = 57.5%–66.7%), with median time to initial test being 2.7 years (95% CI = 2.5%–3.1%). Young adults (18–28 years) were less likely than children (≤17 years) to receive cardiac testing (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.3%–0.49%). More likely to receive cardiac testing were survivors receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation versus chemotherapy only (HR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.63%–3.03%), and survivors with bone or soft tissue versus hematologic cancer (HR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.30%–2.07%).

Conclusions

Nearly 40% of anthracycline‐treated survivors of childhood/adolescent cancers had not received cardiac testing within 5.25 years post‐index date, with young adults least likely to receive a test.
PANoptosis in cancer, the triangle of cell death
Authors: Cai Hantao , Lv Mingming , Wang Tingting
Published: December 2023

Background

PANoptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death (PCD) found in 2019 that is regulated by the PANoptosome. PANoptosis combines essential features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, forming a “death triangle” of cells. While apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis have been extensively studied for their roles in human inflammatory diseases and many other clinical conditions, historically they were considered as independent processes. However, emerging evidence indicates that these PCDs exhibit cross talk and interactions, resulting in the development of the concept of PANoptosis.

Methods

In this review, we offer a concise summary of the fundamental mechanisms of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. We subsequently introduce the notion of PANoptosis and detail the assembly mechanism of the PANoptosome complex which is responsible for inducing cell death. We also describe some regulatory networks of PANoptosis.

Results

PANoptosis now has been associated with various human diseases including cancer. Although the exact function of PANoptosis in each tumor is not fully understood, it represents a prospective avenue for cancer therapy, offering promise for advancements in cancer therapy.

Conclusions

In the future, in‐depth study of PANoptosis will continue to help us in understanding the fundamental processes underlying cell death and provide scientific support for cancer research.
Differential co‐expression network analysis elucidated genes associated with sensitivity to farnesyltransferase inhibitor and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kelesoglu Nurdan , Kori Medi , Yilmaz Betul Karademir , Duru Ozlem Ates , Arga Kazim Yalcin
Published: December 2023

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease and the most common form of acute leukemia with a poor prognosis. Due to its complexity, the disease requires the identification of biomarkers for reliable prognosis. To identify potential disease genes that regulate patient prognosis, we used differential co‐expression network analysis and transcriptomics data from relapsed, refractory, and previously untreated AML patients based on their response to treatment in the present study. In addition, we combined functional genomics and transcriptomics data to identify novel and therapeutically potential systems biomarkers for patients who do or do not respond to treatment. As a result, we constructed co‐expression networks for response and non‐response cases and identified a highly interconnected group of genes consisting of SECISBP2L, MAN1A2, PRPF31, VASP, and SNAPC1 in the response network and a group consisting of PHTF2, SLC11A2, PDLIM5, OTUB1, and KLRD1 in the non‐response network, both of which showed high prognostic performance with hazard ratios of 4.12 and 3.66, respectively. Remarkably, ETS1, GATA2, AR, YBX1, and FOXP3 were found to be important transcription factors in both networks. The prognostic indicators reported here could be considered as a resource for identifying tumorigenesis and chemoresistance to farnesyltransferase inhibitor. They could help identify important research directions for the development of new prognostic and therapeutic techniques for AML.
How self‐injury affects psychotherapists: A qualitative study
Authors: O'Connor Cindy , Surgenor Paul
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is used to explore how people make sense of their personal and social world, although a search of recent literature suggests that it has not been applied to better understand self‐injury (SI). The goal of this paper was to employ an IPA methodology to gain a deeper understanding of the impact witnessing the physical manifestations of SI has on therapists.

Method

The study recruited a purposive sample of nine English‐speaking psychotherapists. Questions designed to relate to the participant's experience of witnessing the physical manifestations of SI were piloted with non‐participating psychotherapists whose experience matched those of the sample. Individual interviews were conducted by the primary researcher.

Data Analysis

Analysis involved the hermeneutic circle, moving between the part and the whole to capture and record the unique experience of the individual participants. This entailed the following: reading and re‐reading the transcripts; initial noting; developing emergent themes; connecting emergent themes; and pattern identification across cases.

Results

Two superordinate themes were identified that encapsulated how participants experienced, perceived and understood their own reactions to clients’ SI presentation. The first, Shock, included the subordinate themes of Controlling reactions, Managing physical revulsion, Therapeutic holding and Revisiting and ruminating. The second, Responsibility, included the subordinate themes of Client responsibility, Professional responsibility, Personal responsibility and Responsibility for hope.

Implications

Implications relate to core training for psychotherapists, the focus on continuing professional development, and the policies and procedures needed to support psychotherapists.
Discovery of Novel Marine‐Derived Phidiandine/Lipoic Acid Hybrid as a Potential Anti‐Atherosclerosis Agent: Design, Synthesis and in Vitro/in Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Liu Shu‐Jun , Zhong Ying‐Nan , Cheng Zhi‐Qiang , Meng Ning , Zhang Juan , Jiang Cheng‐Shi
Published: December 2023

In the present study, a novel derivative, IOP‐LA, was prepared by hybridizing antioxidant lipoic acid (LA) and our recently reported antioxidative marine phidianidine B‐inspired indole/1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivative. Our results demonstrated that IOP‐LA could protect vascular endothelial cells (VECs) from oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‐induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway, inhibit the production of atherosclerotic plaque, and promote the stability of atherosclerotic plaque in apoE−/− mice. Moreover, the protective effect of IOP‐LA was superior to LA at the same concentration. Mechanistic studies revealed that IOP‐LA significantly inhibited the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the translocation of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) nuclear induced by oxLDL through the nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. In summary, the data demonstrate that IOP‐LA, as a new antioxidant, protects VECs from oxLDL‐induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway. It is worth noting that this study provides a promising lead compound for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Challenging the Norm: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Intravenous to Subcutaneous Bridging Strategies for Biologics
Authors: Ait‐Oudhia Sihem , Wang Yow‐Ming , Dosne Anne‐Gaelle , Roy Amit , Jin Jin Y. , Shen Jun , Kagan Leonid , Musuamba Flora T. , Zhang Lucia , Kijima Shinichi , Gastonguay Marc R. , Ouellet Daniele
Published: December 2023

The transition from intravenous (i.v.) to subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of biologics is a critical strategy in drug development aimed at improving patient convenience, compliance, and therapeutic outcomes. Focusing on the increasing role of model‐informed drug development (MIDD) in the acceleration of this transition, an in‐depth overview of the essential clinical pharmacology, and regulatory considerations for successful i.v. to s.c. bridging for biologics after the i.v. formulation has been approved are presented. Considerations encompass multiple aspects beginning with adequate pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (i.e., exposure‐response) evaluations which play a vital role in establishing comparability between the i.v. and s.c. routes of administrations. Selected key recommendations and points to consider include: (i) PK characterization of the s.c. formulation, supported by the increasing preclinical understanding of the s.c. absorption, and robust PK study design and analyses in humans; (ii) a thorough characterization of the exposure‐response profiles including important metrics of exposure for both efficacy and safety; (iii) comparability studies designed to meet regulatory considerations and support approval of the s.c. formulation, including noninferiority studies with PK and/or efficacy and safety as primary end points; and (iv) comprehensive safety package addressing assessments of immunogenicity and patients' safety profile with the new route of administration. Recommendations for successful bridging strategies are evolving and MIDD approaches have been used successfully to accelerate the transition to s.c. dosing, ultimately leading to improved patient experiences, adherence, and clinical outcomes.
Drug‐Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Real‐World Pharmacovigilance Study Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database
Authors: Li Dongxuan , Wang Hongli , Qin Chunmeng , Du Dan , Wang Yalan , Du Qian , Liu Songqing
Published: December 2023

Timely identification and discontinuation of culprit‐drug is the cornerstone of clinical management of drug‐induced acute pancreatitis (AP), but the comprehensive landscape of AP culprit‐drugs is still lacking. To provide the current overview of AP culprit‐drugs to guide clinical practice, we reviewed the adverse event (AE) reports associated with AP in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from 2004 to 2022, and summarized a potential AP culprit‐drug list and its corresponding AE report quantity proportion. The disproportionality analysis was used to detect adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals for each drug in the drug list, and the ADR signal distribution was integrated to show the risk characteristic of drugs according to the ADR signal detection results. In the FAERS database, a total of 62,206 AE reports were AP‐related, in which 1,175 drugs were reported as culprit‐drug. On the whole, metformin was the drug with the greatest number of AE reports, followed by quetiapine, liraglutide, exenatide, and sitagliptin. Drugs used in diabetes was the drug class with the greatest number of AE reports, followed by immunosuppressants, psycholeptics, drugs for acid‐related disorders, and analgesics. In disproportionality analysis, 595 drugs showed potential AP risk, whereas 580 drugs did not show any positive ADR signal. According to the positive–negative distribution of the ADR signal for drug classes, the drug class with the greatest number of positive drugs was antineoplastic agents. In this study, we provided the current comprehensive landscape of AP culprit‐drugs from the pharmacovigilance perspective, which can provide reference information for clinical practice.
Blood Group Antigen A Carriers Exhibit an Extended Progression‐Free Survival with no more Immune‐Related Adverse Events
Authors: Xiao Chen‐Lin , Liu Wen‐Hui , Luo Zhi‐Ying , Li Wen‐Ru , Li Yi‐ke , Ren Huan , Luo Jian‐Quan
Published: December 2023

Extensive investigations have been conducted regarding the potential correlation between blood type and the immune system, as well as cancer risk in the Southern Chinese population. However, the prognostic value of the blood group and its genetic determinants in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment remains unclear. Therefore, the associations between the ABO blood group and its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined in relation to ICI treatment outcomes in 370 eligible patients with cancer. This approach allowed us to derive the blood group from the SNPs responsible for blood group determination. In the discovery cohort (N = 168), antigen A carriers (blood types A and AB) exhibited an extended progression‐free survival (PFS; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34–0.98). The association results from the SNP‐derived blood were consistent with those from the measured blood group. In the validation cohort (N = 202), Cox regression analysis revealed that the antigen A carriers (rs507666 AA+GA genotype carriers) experienced significantly extended PFS compared with the non‐antigen A carriers (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40–0.93). Therefore, a longer PFS was observed in antigen A carriers (P value = 0.003, HR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.44–0.84). Furthermore, haplotype 2 carriers (rs507666 GA and rs659104 GG) demonstrated both extended PFS and improved overall survival. Notably, the presence of antigen A was not associated with the occurrence of overall immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) or organ‐specific toxicity. In summary, our findings revealed that antigen A carriers did not experience a higher incidence of irAEs while exhibiting better immunotherapy efficacy.
Recovery of root hydraulic conductance and xylem vessel diameter following prolonged water deficit of maize
Authors: Jafarikouhini Nahid , Sinclair Thomas R.
Published: December 2023

To sustain crop growth following soil water deficit, it is essential to have rapid recovery of leaf gas exchange. One basis for rapid recovery would be the rapid return of root hydraulic conductance to predrought levels to support water transport to the plant shoot. In this study, transpiration and root hydraulic conductance were measured over a 9‐day recovery period following an initial water‐deficit treatment of three maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. In addition, xylem vessel diameter was measured during the recovery period at different positions from the root tip. The initiation of recovery in the transpiration rate occurred in all three cultivars within 3 days after watering, although the root conductance and transpiration rate of one cultivar were much lower than the other two cultivars. Root conductance and vessel diameter increased more slowly than the recovery of transpiration. There was an indication that transpiration could have been limited by root hydraulic conductance only when its values were low during recovery. The relationship between hydraulic conductance and vessel diameter did not, however, indicate a Poiseuille's law relationship between the two variables. Overall, cultivar variability in recovery from water deficit of the transpiration rate and root hydraulic conductance indicates that the selection for rapid recovery of leaf gas exchange following water deficit could be an important component of genotype selection in maize breeding programs.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on care for anorexia and bulimia nervosa in US military‐connected adolescents and young adults
Authors: Lawson Michelle L. , Hisle‐Gorman Elizabeth , Susi Apryl , Dorr Madeline , Nylund Cade M. , Chokshi Binny
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study examined the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on healthcare engagement for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in a large, geographically diverse population.

Method

This repeated monthly, cross‐sectional study queried Military Health System records of individuals aged 10–21 before and during the pandemic (February 2019–January 2022). ICD‐10 codes identified encounters for AN and BN. Monthly rates of care were modeled as the number of unique individuals with an ICD‐10‐identified eating disorder‐related encounter per month divided by the enrolled population. Poisson regression analysis evaluated rates of care stratified by eating disorder, clinical setting, and sex.

Results

In a population of 1.76 million adolescents and young adults, 1629 individuals with AN or BN received care during the pre‐pandemic period; 3256 received care during the pandemic. The monthly rate of care for females with AN during the pandemic increased in inpatient settings (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.31 [1.16–1.49]) and outpatient settings (aRR: 1.42 [1.37–1.47]); monthly care rates in males with AN increased in the outpatient setting (aRR: 1.46 [1.28–1.67]). Females with BN had increased engagement in outpatient settings (aRR: 1.09 [1.03–1.16]); BN care for males showed no significant monthly changes during the pandemic period in either healthcare setting.

Discussion

With increased rates of AN and BN disorder‐related care during the pandemic, screening for eating disorder symptomatology may allow for timely diagnosis and intervention in periods of heightened stress. Pandemic‐related increases in healthcare engagement may strain limited resources, emphasizing a need to expand accessibility of clinical expertise.

Public Significance

This study indicates that monthly rates of healthcare engagement during the COVID‐19 pandemic for AN and BN varied based on clinical setting and sex in an adolescent and young adult population. The increased number of individuals seeking eating disorder‐related care, especially outpatient care, attributed to heightened stressors necessitates accessible professionals with eating disorder clinical expertise.
Efficient Synthesis of Highly Fused Quinazolinone Derivatives via Multiple C−C Bond Formations and 1,4‐Palladium Migration
Authors: Thavaselvan Sampath , Arumugam Natarajan , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Mahalingam Sakkarapalayam M. , Parthasarathy Kanniyappan
Published: December 2023

An efficient palladium‐catalyzed annulation of 3‐arylquinazolinones with mono and double alkyne insertion was developed for the synthesis of fused quinazolinone derivatives in 43–80 % yields. A notable effect was observed in product yield, when bases/additives were modulated. The reaction mechanism is believed to proceed through C−X cleavage/alkyne insertion/1,4‐Pd migration and C−H annulation in a one‐pot manner.
EnhancingEEGsignals classification usingLSTM‐CNNarchitecture
Authors: Omar Swaleh M. , Kimwele Michael , Olowolayemo Akeem , Kaburu Dennis M.
Published: December 2023

Epilepsy is a disorder that interferes with regular brain activity and can occasionally cause seizures, odd sensations, and momentary unconsciousness. Epilepsy is frequently diagnosed using electroencephalograph (EEG) records, although conventional analysis is subjective and prone to error. The dynamic and non‐stationary nature of EEG structure restricted the performance of Deep Learning (DL) approaches used in earlier work to improve EEG classification. Our multi‐channel EEG classification model, dubbed LConvNet in this paper, combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for extracting spatial features and Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) for identifying temporal dependencies. To discriminate between epileptic and healthy EEG signals, the model is trained using open‐source secondary EEG data from Temple University Hospital (TUH). Our model outperformed other EEG classification models employed in comparable tasks, such as EEGNet, DeepConvNet, and ShallowConvNet, which had accuracy rates of 86%, 96%, and 78%, respectively. Our model attained an amazing accuracy rate of 97%. During additional testing, our model also displayed excellent performance in trainability, scalability, and parameter efficiency.
Multiparameter Comprehensive Thermal Runaway Warning Model of Lithium‐Ion Battery under Overcharge Condition
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Li Yuhan , Liu Fen , Yang Na , Ren Xutong , Shi Mengyu , Chen Bowei , Jia Yongkai
Published: December 2023

With the gradual popularization of new energy vehicles, fire accident reports are common. Overcharge is one of the main causes of an accident, which has the characteristics of sudden occurrence, no obvious signs, and difficulty in stopping the spread of fire. Therefore, herein, the law of safety change of pouch batteries after overcharging is studied and the expressions of the thermal runaway stage are derived based on the voltage, temperature, and temperature difference as the main parameters through thermal runaway experimental data, and then a three‐stage overcharge warning strategy based on multiple parameters is constructed to build a warning model. The early warning model can predict the overcharge stage of batteries and provide the remaining time before thermal runaway, which is implemented and verified.
Time Series Prediction of Solar Power Generation Using Trend Decomposition
Authors: Kavakci Gurcan , Cicekdag Begum , Ertekin Seyda
Published: December 2023

High‐accuracy predictions of future solar power generations are important for monitoring, maintenance, dispatching, and scheduling. The goal of this study is to create a forecasting workflow that increases prediction accuracy independent of the machine learning method and has minimal computational requirements. The proposed trend decomposition method incorporates irradiance and seasonal features as exogenous inputs. In order to extract the linear part of the data, a moving average filter is used. The nonlinear (stable) component of the time series is then calculated by subtracting this linear part from the original data. The stable portion is modeled using several machine learning methods, while the ordinary least squares method is applied to the linear series. By aggregating both results, the final forecast is obtained. The forecasting performances of the machine learning algorithms on unprocessed data are used as baselines for evaluations. Improvements up to 39% in the mean absolute error and up to 31% in the root mean square error metrics are observed compared to the baselines. Experimental results show that the proposed trend decomposition with extrapolation method increases the forecasting performance and generalization capacity of machine learning algorithms.
TiO2/Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Double‐Layer‐Coated SiO as High‐Performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Haotong , Du Gaohui , Li Huayu , Han Di , Wang Yunting , Zhao Wenqi , Su Qingmei , Ding Shukai , Xu Bingshe
Published: December 2023

Silicon monoxide (SiO) is promising to be anode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries owing to its high capacity, but its application is hindered by the poor electrical conductivity, large volume expansion (≈150%) caused by the lithiation, and low lithium‐ion transport efficiency. Herein, TiO2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) double‐layer‐coating strategy is proposed to solve the earlier issues. The anatase phase of TiO2 provides high mechanical strength and partial capacity in the SiO anode, and its lithiation product (LixTiO2) greatly enhances the lithium‐ion transport efficiency. The rGO coating on SiO makes a great contribution to suppressing the volume expansion of SiO particles during the lithiation and improves the electrical conductivity of SiO electrodes. The double‐layer coating strategy isolates SiO from direct contact with the electrolyte, reduces the loss of electrolyte, and improves the Coulombic efficiency of the batteries. Consequently, the TiO2/rGO double‐layer‐coated SiO composite maintains a capacity of 670 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. The results indicate that the structural design of SiO@TiO2–rGO composite can solve the drawbacks of SiO and improve its cycling performance. Herein, a new route to prepare high‐performance SiO‐based anode for lithium‐ion batteries is provided.
Integration of Industry 4.0 with reliability centered maintenance to enhance sustainable manufacturing
Authors: Jena Madhab Chandra , Mishra Sarat Kumar , Moharana Himanshu Sekhar
Published: December 2023

Achieving sustainability in manufacturing requires optimizing reliability and productivity while reducing environmental impact. This article introduces a novel approach by integrating Industry 4.0 technologies with reliability centered maintenance (RCM) to create a “smart RCM” model. In an era where Industry 4.0 leverages the Internet of Things (IoT), cyber physical systems (CPSs), cloud computing, and cognitive computing, this integration transforms conventional RCM into a data‐driven and efficient system. A case study conducted in a cement plant illustrates the benefits of smart RCM implementation. Key performance indicators (KPI), including increased production volume, reduced downtime, enhanced mean time between failures (MTBF), and improved overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), showcase the positive impact of smart RCM. Furthermore, specific environmental performance indicators, such as energy consumption, carbon footprint, and water consumption, exhibit favorable changes, contributing to sustainability. The implementation of smart RCM also presents an attractive payback period, making it an appealing approach for industries looking to optimize maintenance practices and environmental performance. Despite potential challenges in workforce adaptation and resistance, the integration of Industry 4.0 with RCM emerges as a transformative strategy.
The state‐of‐the‐art technic of stereotactic radioablation for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias: An overview
Authors: MasoudKabir Farzad , Bayani Reyhaneh , Mousavi Darzikolaee Nima , Abdshah Alireza , Moshtaghian Mahsa , Farhan Farshid , Aghili Mahdi , Kazemian Ali , Nicosia Luca , Cuccia Francesco , Rocha Ana Vitoria , Jafari Fatemeh , Alongi Filippo
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia (VT), stand as a significant threat to health, often leading to mortality and sudden cardiac death. While conventional treatments for VT exhibit efficacy, cases of refractory VT pose challenges. Stereotactic Arrhythmia Radioablation (STAR) offers a novel approach, delivering precise high‐dose radiation to well‐defined targets with minimal collateral damage. This study explores the potential of STAR as an alternative therapy, especially for high‐risk patients or those with refractory VT.

Methods

This research reviews ongoing studies and preliminary investigations into the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of STAR. The method involves targeted radiation delivery, assessing reductions in VT recurrence and the early safety profile in refractory VT patients. However, given STAR's early stage and limited clinical evidence, cautious interpretation is advised.

Results

Preliminary findings indicate a reduction in VT recurrence with STAR, suggesting promise as a therapeutic option. Early safety profiles are encouraging, but definitive statements on efficacy and safety require further investigation. Positive initial outcomes underscore the need for additional data and long‐term studies.

Conclusion

Stereotactic Arrhythmia Radioablation is recently emerging as a promising treatment for refractory VT. While early results are encouraging, careful interpretation is needed, due to STAR's early stages. Ongoing investigations are critical for a comprehensive understanding of its long‐term efficacy and tolerability. This review provides fundamental insights into STAR's background, principles, pre‐treatment procedures, clinical implications, and toxicity, setting the stage for future research in this evolving therapeutic field.
Emotional intelligence and happiness in clinical medical students: A cross‐sectional multicenter study
Authors: Hatamnejad Mohammad Reza , Hosseinpour Morteza , Shiati Samin , Seifaee Asal , Sayari Mohammad , Seyyedi Faranak , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri , Ghahramani Sulmaz
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

Emotional intelligence (EI) has improved job performance and has been associated with the success of individuals. The interfering role of happiness in this equation is unneglectable; however, this association has not been established in clinical medical students exposed to work pressures and stressful hospital atmospheric. The present perusal was conducted to evaluate the relationship between EI and happiness in clinical medical students.

Methods

A multicenter cross‐sectional investigation was conducted in Iran from December 2021 to June 2022. Multi‐stage cluster sampling followed by a systematic random selection was applied to choose participants. Data gathering was carried out online by Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale‐10 and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire.

Results

Data from 405 participants were analyzed. The mean age was 24.2 years; men and women constituted 208 (51.4%) and 197 (48.6%) of all participants. Gamma regression analysis has determined age (Exp (B) = 1.016, p‐value < 0.001), female gender (Exp (B) = 0.966, p‐value = 0.04), extrovert personality (Exp (B) = 1.076, p‐value < 0.001), perceived somatic health (Exp (B) = 1.002, p‐value < 0.001), and stress level (Exp (B) = 0.990, p‐value = 0.01) as predictors of happiness. EI comprises five domains, and except for appraisal of others' emotions, an increase in all other domains of emotional intelligence was associated with higher happiness. GBRT model of significant variables revealed regulation of own emotions is the most happiness‐predictor variable (Exp (B) = 1.042, p‐value < 0.001).

Conclusion

Diminishing the stresses helps medical students have a happier life. In happiness‐boosting strategies, vulnerable individuals (women, introverts, and those of higher age) ought to be noted as the targeted population. In this investigation, emotional intelligence was the most effective predictor of happiness in clinical medical students. Planning to promote happiness in these medical staff by enhancing their EI leads to better decision‐making and more prosperity in their job, resulting in better patient care services.
Hepatitis B immunization strategies and its associated factors: A narrative review
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Published: December 2023

Background

Hepatitis B is a major public health concern as one third of the world's population is infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The risk of HBV infection remains primarily through percutaneous or mucosal contact with infected blood or body fluids.

Aim

To update the society on hepatitis B immunization strategies and its associated factors.

Materials and Methods

The review paper utilized different search engines such as Pubmed Central, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and so on to conduct this review paper.

Results

Improving immunity through general vaccination recommendations has reduced the number of chronic hepatitis B cases among children and adolescents, but an influx of infections from endemic countries has increased the number of chronically infected adults. This is due to immigration from endemic countries to Hepatitis less burden areas like developed countries. Introduction of infant immunization programs in some countries has reportedly reduced the prevalence of HBV infection and reduced the incidence of liver cancer in children and young adults.

Conclusion

While hepatitis B vaccination coverage is low, a significant number of people are not adhering to full hepatitis B vaccination posing a potential hazard to health.
Screening and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: A review and appraisal of current international guidelines
Authors: O'Toole Fiona , Sheane Rachel , Reynaud Niamh , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Walsh Jennifer M.
Published: December 2023

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnancy is a common diagnosis that is associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. There remains uncertainty regarding how best to screen for, prevent, and treat established IDA in pregnancy. There is no consensus on the benefits of routine iron supplementation in pregnancy, with concerns regarding potential harmful effects of routine iron supplementation in women who are iron replete. Fourteen international guidelines were selected and appraised and compared by a multidisciplinary team. The AGREE II GRS tool was used. Each reviewer independently made their own assessment, and the scores from 1 to 7 were also collated and averaged for an overall score incorporating seven domains: process of development, clarity of presentation, completeness of reporting, clinical validity, and overall quality. The reviewers' scores were also individually compared according to discipline. The mean score across all the guidelines was 4.4 (range 3.5–6.5). Only half of the guidelines recommend routine iron in pregnancy. In terms of screening recommendations, five guidelines recommend screening with ferritin in addition to a full blood count in pregnancy, two recommend selective screening with ferritin for at risk groups only, and one guideline suggests using ferritin where feasible. Although many of the guidelines recommend similar doses of oral elemental iron of 100–200 mg daily for the treatment of established IDA in pregnancy, two recommend twice or three times daily dosing. Only five guidelines give hemoglobin rises to expect within specific timeframes. There remains a need to clarify the optimal screening method, dosing regimen, timing, and route of iron supplementation in pregnancy. Robust randomized controlled data are needed to guide appropriate prevention and management.
Urothelial carcinoma occurring in a defunctionalized bladder after urinary diversion due to the bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex
Authors: Morikawa Toshiharu , Iwatsuki Shoichiro , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Gonda Masakazu , Taguchi Kazumi , Naiki Taku , Hamamoto Shuzo , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex is a rare congenital disease. Urothelial carcinomas rarely occur in patients with this disease, and there have been few reports on its treatment.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 44‐year‐old man with a hemorrhage from the external urethral meatus. He was diagnosed with bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex and underwent urinary diversion with substitution cystoplasty and Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy. Because computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggested invasive bladder carcinoma in the defunctionalized bladder, we performed a cystectomy. The patient was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation. One month after the surgery, nivolumab adjuvant chemotherapy was administered. The patient showed no signs of recurrence or metastasis after the treatment.

Conclusion

This is the first case of adjuvant nivolumab therapy for urothelial carcinoma with the bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex.
Mutating Escherichia coli caused multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Qi Lihua , Xue Wencheng , Liu Xuelin , Qiu Shaofu , Liu Jie
Published: December 2023

Pathogenic Escherichia coli is of great concern in the clinical setting. But few reports have demonstrated the variation in disease course. We present a severe case of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by E. coli infection. Pathogens isolated from blood and urine samples harboured many virulence factors. Whole‐genome sequencing and conventional analyses showed that the isolates experienced beneficial variations, both genetically and phenotypically, during the disease course. These findings showed that E. coli can cause systemic symptoms and informed us of the importance of assessing the reasons for such variations in pathogens occurring in vivo.
Design and hydraulic performance of bionic leaf vein‐type drip irrigation emitters
Authors: Xu Tianyu , Li Zonglei , Lin Changjiang , Yu Qiuyue
Published: December 2023

To improve the hydraulic performance of leaf vein drip irrigation emitters, a combination of a genetic algorithm and numerical simulation was used to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of the model. The minimal flow index is used as the optimization objective to obtain the best design parameters for the flow channel structure. The results show that the leaf vein drip irrigation emitter has a flow index of 0.53, and the structural loss coefficient of the leaf vein drip irrigation emitter is 64.5–70.9 under 50 kPa working pressure, with a good energy dissipation effect. Among the design variables, the flow index (denoted as x) was influenced in the following order: the width of the unit structure f had the largest impact, followed by the vertical distance from the front baffle c, the inlet width a and the length of the unit structure h. The flow index x exhibited a positive correlation with the inlet width a, the vertical distance from the front baffle c and the length of the unit structure h, while it displayed a negative correlation with the width of the unit structure f. The correlation coefficient between the simulated and measured results was 0.994, with an average error of 2%, and the accuracy of the simulation results was high. Notably, the absence of noticeable low‐velocity vortices at the corners and confluence of the leaf vein flow channel indicated excellent resistance to blockage.
Exploration on load balancing data aggregation algorithm in wireless sensor network based on big data artificial intelligence
Authors: Jiang Huilong
Published: December 2023

Based on BD‐AI(Big Data Artificial Intelligence) technology, an efficient LB data collection algorithm was designed and implemented for experimental verification and performance evaluation. The results showed the average load of algorithms A and B tested five times was between 44–48 and 60–64, respectively; the algorithms A and C were tested five times with data transmission speeds between 10–11Mbps and 4–5Mbps, respectively. The LB data aggregation algorithm based on BD‐AI in WSN is more efficient than traditional LB algorithms and traditional data aggregation algorithms. It can effectively help solve problems such as imbalanced data exchange, data redundancy, and energy waste among wireless sensor nodes, thereby improving the data collection efficiency and energy conservation of sensor networks, laying the foundation for implementing application scenarios such as intelligent perception and remote monitoring. The load balancing data aggregation algorithm of wireless sensor networks based on Big data artificial intelligence is faced with some challenges and difficulties. For example, wireless sensor networks usually produce a large amount of data, which needs real‐time aggregation and processing; Nodes in wireless sensor networks typically have limited computing, storage, and communication resources, among other issues.
Dehydrocostus lactone (DHC) promotes osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization through p38/RUNX‐2 signaling
Authors: Wu Shiqiang , Bai Xiaoming , Cai Liquan , Ke Qingfeng , Zhang Xiaolu
Published: December 2023

Dysregulation of osteoblastic differentiation is an important risk factor of osteoporosis, the therapy of which is challenging. Dehydrocostus lactone (DHC), a sesquiterpene isolated from medicinal plants, has displayed anti‐inflammatory and antitumor properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of DHC on osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Interestingly, we found that DHC increased the expression of marker genes of osteoblastic differentiation, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN). Additionally, DHC increased the expressions of collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1a1) and collagen type I alpha 2 (Col1a2). We also demonstrate that DHC increased ALP activity. Importantly, the Alizarin Red S staining assay revealed that DHC enhanced osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Mechanistically, it is shown that DHC increased the expression of Runx‐2, a central regulator of osteoblastic differentiation. Treatment with DHC also increased the levels of phosphorylated p38, and its blockage using its specific inhibitor SB203580 abolished the effects of DHC on runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx‐2) expression and osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting the involvement of p38. Based on these findings, we concluded that DHC might possess a capacity for the treatment of osteoporosis by promoting osteoblastic differentiation.
The platelet storage lesion, what are we working for?
Authors: Liu Cheng , Su Yang , Guo Wanwan , Ma Xiaolong , Qiao Rui
Published: December 2023

Background

Platelet concentrate (PC) transfusions are crucial in prevention and treatment of bleeding in infection, surgery, leukemia, and thrombocytopenia patients. Although the technology for platelet preparation and storage has evolved over the decades, there are still challenges in the demand for platelets in blood banks because the platelet shelf life is limited to 5 days due to bacterial contamination and platelet storage lesions (PSLs) at 20–24°C under constant horizontal agitation. In addition, the relations between some adverse effects of platelet transfusions and PSLs have also been considered. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of PSLs is conducive to obtaining high quality platelets and facilitating safe and effective platelet transfusions.

Objective

This review summarizes developments in mechanistic research of PSLs and their relationship with clinical practice, providing insights for future research.

Methods

Authors conducted a search on PubMed and Web of Science using the professional terms “PSL” and “platelet transfusion.” The obtained literature was then roughly categorized based on their research content. Similar studies were grouped into the same sections, and further searches were conducted based on the keywords of each section.

Results

Different studies have explored PSLs from various perspectives, including changes in platelet morphology, surface molecules, biological response modifiers (BMRs), metabolism, and proteins and RNA, in an attempt to monitor PSLs and identify intervention targets that could alleviate PSLs. Moreover, novel platelet storage conditions, including platelet additive solutions (PAS) and reconsidered cold storage methods, are explored. There are two approaches to obtaining high‐quality platelets. One approach simulates the in vivo environment to maintain platelet activity, while the other keeps platelets at a low activity level in vitro under low temperatures.

Conclusion

Understanding PSLs helps us identify good intervention targets and assess the therapeutic effects of different PSLs stages for different patients.
Detection of unrecognized myocardial infarction by preprocedural transthoracic echocardiography in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Misawa Toru , Hoshino Masahiro , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Hada Masahiro , Nagamine Tatsuhiro , Ueno Hiroki , Nogami Kai , Sayama Kodai , Matsuda Kazuki , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo , Kakuta Tsunekazu
Published: December 2023

Background

Previous studies showed that unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) identified on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was related to worse prognosis. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of preprocedural transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to detect the presence of UMI in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

A total of 138 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) without history of myocardial infarction or revascularization were retrospectively studied. UMI was evaluated with pre‐PCI late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)‐CMR. TTE and two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) were performed before PCI. All patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of UMI, and clinical and echocardiographic findings were compared between these two groups.

Results

UMI was detected in 43 patients (31.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that higher SYNTAX score, the presence of wall motion abnormalities (WMAs) and lower global longitudinal strain (GLS) were independent predictors of the presence of UMI. Furthermore, GLS provided incremental efficacy for the detection of UMI over abnormal Q waves, SYNTAX score and WMAs.

Conclusions

Preprocedural TTE in combination with 2D‐STE could help identify patients with UMI regardless of the presence or absence of ECG findings and WMAs.