bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oil matrix modulates the bioaccessibility of polyphenols: a study of salad dressing formulation with industrial broccoli by‐products and lemon juice
Authors: Kamiloglu Senem , Ozdal Tugba , Tomas Merve , Capanoglu Esra
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The potential health‐promoting effects of polyphenols depend considerably on their bioaccessibility, which is affected by the presence of other nutrients in the diet, including lipids. In this study, several salad dressing formulations were prepared using industrial broccoli by‐product powder (BBP), lemon juice (LJ), and three different sources of oils (olive oil, hazelnut oil and sunflower oil) to both valorize polyphenol‐rich industrial discards and also to investigate polyphenol bioaccessibility. The changes in the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from BBP and LJ were determined using the standardized in vitro digestion model.

RESULTS

Four groups of polyphenols (hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, flavones, and flavonones) were detected in BBP and LJ. The bioaccessibility of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols from BBP increased significantly in the presence of LJ and oils (0.3‑ to 5.8‐fold), whereas there was no significant difference between formulations containing different oil types. On the other hand, the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids from LJ did not change notably after co‐ingestion with BBP and oils, whereas flavonoids, including vicenin‐2 and hesperidin, were found to be significantly more bioaccessible when LJ was co‐ingested with BBP and oils (0.8‑ to 1.4‐fold) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Overall, the current study highlighted that the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from BBP and LJ was modulated in the presence of an oil matrix. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Neuroradiological Basis of COVID‐19 Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tan Claire Jing‐Wen , Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Tan Xin Yan , Liu Hui Ting , Teo Chong Boon , See Anna , Xu Shuhui , Toh Song Tar , Kheok Si Wei , Charn Tze Choong , Teo Neville Wei Yang
Published: March 2022

Objective

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common presenting symptom of COVID‐19 infection. Radiological imaging of the olfactory structures in patients with COVID‐19 and OD can potentially shed light on its pathogenesis, and guide clinicians in prognostication and intervention.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, SCOPUS were searched from inception to August 1, 2021. Three reviewers selected observational studies, case series, and case reports reporting radiological changes in the olfactory structures, detected on magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or other imaging modalities, in patients aged ≥18 years with COVID‐19 infection and OD, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines and a PROSPERO‐registered protocol (CRD42021275211). We described the proportion of radiological outcomes, and used random‐effects meta‐analyses to pool the prevalence of olfactory cleft opacification, olfactory bulb signal abnormalities, and olfactory mucosa abnormalities in patients with and without COVID‐19‐associated OD.

Results

We included 7 case–control studies (N = 353), 11 case series (N = 154), and 12 case reports (N = 12). The pooled prevalence of olfactory cleft opacification in patients with COVID‐19 infection and OD (63%, 95% CI = 0.38–0.82) was significantly higher than that in controls (4%, 95% CI = 0.01–0.13). Conversely, similar proportions of cases and controls demonstrated olfactory bulb signal abnormalities (88% and 94%) and olfactory mucosa abnormalities (2% and 0%). Descriptive analysis found that 55.6% and 43.5% of patients with COVID‐19 infection and OD had morphological abnormalities of the olfactory bulb and olfactory nerve, respectively, while 60.0% had abnormal olfactory bulb volumes.

Conclusion

Our findings implicate a conductive mechanism of OD, localized to the olfactory cleft, in approximately half of the affected COVID‐19 patients. Laryngoscope, 132:1260–1274, 2022
Poly(pentafluorobenzyl 2‐ylidene‐acetate): Polymerization and Postpolymerization Modification
Authors: Li Zengwen , Zhang Hongxin , Theato Patrick , Bräse Stefan
Published: March 2022

The polymerization of 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl 2‐diazoacetate is conducted at ambient temperature and catalyzed by [(l‐prolinate)RhI(1,5‐dimethyl‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene)] or [(l‐prolinate)RhI(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)] yielding C1 polymers with molecular weights of 3000–4000 g mol−1 and dispersity between 1.1 and 1.3. Incorporation of the pentafluorobenzyl group into the C1 polymer results in a different solubility when compare to its C2 analog poly(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl methacrylate). Efficient postmodifications via para‐fluoro‐thiol reaction with different thiols are conducted with this C1 polymethylene.
Mxene Reinforced Supramolecular Hydrogels with High Strength, Stretchability, and Reliable Conductivity for Sensitive Strain Sensors
Authors: Zeng Zhiwen , Yu Shan , Guo Cuiping , Lu Daohuan , Geng Zhijie , Pei Dating
Published: March 2022

Conductive hydrogels used as electronics have received much attention due to their great flexibility and stretchability. However, the fabrication of ideal conductive hydrogels fulfilling the excellent mechanical properties and outstanding sensitivity remains a great challenge until now. Moreover, high sensitivity and broad linearity range are pivotal for the feasibility and accuracy of hydrogel sensors. In this study, a conductive supramolecular hydrogel is engineered by directly mixing the aqueous dispersion of MXene with the precursor of N‐acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) monomer and then rapidly photo cross‐linked by UV irradiation. The resultant PNAGA/MXene hydrogel‐sensors exhibit high mechanical strength (4.8 MPa), great stretchability (630%), and excellent durability. The conductive hydrogel‐based sensor presents excellent conductivity (17.3 S m−1) and a wide scope of linear dependence of sensitivity on strain (0%–125%, gauge factor = 2.05). It displays reliable detection of various motions, including repeated subtle movements and large strain. It also shows good degradation in vitro and antifouling capability. This work may provide a simple and promising platform for engineering conductive supramolecular hydrogels with integrated high performance aiming for smart wearable electronics, electronic skin, soft robots, and human–machine interfacing.
Novel tunable dual‐band filter using evanescent‐mode cavity resonators
Authors: Lai Junchen , Yang Tao , Chi Pei‐Ling , Xu Ruimin , Yan Bo
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a dual‐band filter with highly selective channels and independently tunable channels using evanescent‐mode cavity (EVA) is proposed. It consists of four EVA resonators, each of which is topped by a piezoelectric actuator, which is tuned with frequency. Four sets of varactors between two adjacent resonators are used to tune interstage coupling while four sets of varactors are used between ports and resonators for control of the external coupling. By governing resonant frequencies of the EVA resonators and coupling coefficients between adjacent resonators, the independent center frequency tuning ranges of the lower passband and higher passband of the dual‐filter are 2.05–2.55 and 2.35–2.75 GHz, respectively. Simulation and measurement results maintain the good agreement.
340 and 250 GHz Schottky solid‐state heterodyne receiver arrays for passive imaging systems
Authors: He Yue , Liu Ge , Zhou Jingshi , Huang Kun , Jiang Jun , Su Wei
Published: March 2022

Real‐time terahertz passive imaging systems are highly demanded in security checking application. In this paper, two four‐pixel receiver arrays for 340 and 250 GHz passive imaging systems are presented. As the core device of the front‐end of the receiving array, the low noise terahertz mixer is realized based on the enhanced Schottky diode model and low‐loss circuit structure. The minimum double side band (DSB) noise temperature of the separated 340 and 250 GHz mixers is 900 and 580 K, respectively, within the operational band‐width. Without considering fluctuation in the power gain, the calculated temperature sensitivity of 340 GHz receiver is 0.8 K with 40 GHz RF band. Finally, based on all‐solid‐state millimeter‐wave drive front end and reflector optics, a passive terahertz imaging system is completed. Less than 1 cm space resolution is achieved for 1–3 m object distances, and the distinct imaging to hidden threats is produced and made contrast among the two receiver arrays. The perfect imaging performances of the system verify the low noise characteristic of terahertz mixer. The Schottky solid‐state receiver array provides a cheap and feasible option for personal security screening.
A simulated comparison of lung tumor target verification using stereoscopic tomosynthesis or radiography
Authors: Hsieh Scott S. , Ng Lydia W. , Cao Minsong , Lee Percy
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Mobile lung tumors are increasingly being treated with ablative radiotherapy, for which precise motion management is essential. In‐room stereoscopic radiography systems are able to guide ablative radiotherapy for stationary cranial lesions but not optimally for lung tumors unless fiducial markers are inserted. We propose augmenting stereoscopic radiographic systems with multiple small x‐ray sources to provide the capability of imaging with stereoscopic, single frame tomosynthesis.

Methods

In single frame tomosynthesis, nine x‐ray sources are placed in a 3 × 3 configuration and energized simultaneously. The beams from these sources are collimated so that they converge on the tumor and then diverge to illuminate nine non‐overlapping sectors on the detector. These nine sector images are averaged together and filtered to create the tomosynthesis effect. Single frame tomosynthesis is intended to be an alternative imaging mode for existing stereoscopic systems with a field of view that is three times smaller and a temporal resolution equal to the frame rate of the detector. We simulated stereoscopic tomosynthesis and radiography using Monte Carlo techniques on 60 patients with early‐stage lung cancer from the NSCLC‐Radiomics dataset. Two board‐certified radiation oncologists reviewed these simulated images and rated them on a 4‐point scale (1: tumor not visible; 2: tumor visible but inadequate for motion management; 3: tumor visible and adequate for motion management; 4: tumor visibility excellent). Each tumor was independently presented four times (two viewing angles from radiography and two viewing angles from tomosynthesis) in a blinded fashion over two reading sessions.

Results

The fraction of tumors that were rated as adequate or excellent for motion management (scores 3 or 4) from at least one viewing angle was 53% using radiography and 90% using tomosynthesis. From both viewing angles, the corresponding fractions were 7% for radiography and 48% for tomosynthesis. Readers agreed exactly on 62% of images and within 1 point on 98% of images. The acquisition technique was estimated to be 75 mAs at 120 kVp per treatment fraction assuming one verification image per breath, approximately one order of magnitude less than a standard dose cone beam CT.

Conclusions

Stereoscopic tomosynthesis may provide a noninvasive, low dose, intrafraction motion verification technique for lung tumors treated by ablative radiotherapy. The system architecture is compatible with real‐time video capture at 30 frames per second. Simulations suggest that most, but not all, lung tumors can be adequately visualized from at least one viewing angle.
High Hopes for 2022
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: March 2022

After two years of virtual conferences, SID will meet in‐person for Display Week this May.
Editor's Note
Authors: Mick Connie Snyder
Published: March 2022

This note from the editor provides a brief summary of the articles contained in this issue and invites readers to respond and submit their own articles.
Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger‐state Generation in Qubit‐Chains via a Single Landau‐Majorana‐Stückelberg‐Zener π/2‐pulse
Authors: Grimaudo Roberto , Vitanov Nikolay V. , Magalhães de Castro Antonio S. , Valenti Davide , Messina Antonino
Published: March 2022

A protocol for generating Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger states in a system of coupled qubits is proposed. The Hamiltonian model assumes ‐wise interactions between the qubits and the presence of a controllable time‐dependent field acting upon one spin only. The dynamical problem is exactly solved thanks to the symmetries of the Hamiltonian model. The possibility of generating GHZ states simulating our physical scenario under both adiabatic and non‐adiabatic conditions is within the reach of the experimentalists. This aspect is discussed in detail.
Oxygen Concentration Dependence in Microwave Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond Growth in the (H, C, O, N) System
Authors: Shimaoka Takehiro , Yamada Hideaki , Mokuno Yoshiaki , Chayahara Akiyoshi
Published: March 2022

The dependence of nitrogen incorporation and crystalline quality of the nitrogen‐doped single‐crystal diamond on oxygen concentration is investigated. Nitrogen‐doped diamond is grown by microwave plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition in the (H, C, O, N) system. Nitrogen concentration (N/H) and methane concentration (CH4/H2) are fixed at 100 ppm and 4%, respectively. Oxygen concentration (O/C) is controlled from 12.5 to 50% (O/H = 0.25–1%). The growth rate of diamond decreases from 38 to 7 μm h−1. The nitrogen concentration in the epitaxial layer increases with increasing oxygen concentration and starts to decrease when O/C > 25% (O/H > 0.5%). The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Raman peak at 1332 is 2.0–2.2 cm−1. Introduction of oxygen affects incorporation of nitrogen into diamond. There is an optimum value of oxygen concentration to give the highest nitrogen concentration. This is attributed to the enhancement of the effective concentration of nitrogen‐related species in the gas phase and reduction of the growth rate both due to oxygen introduction. The results suggest that the (H, C, O, N) system could give higher concentration of nitrogen than that of the (H, C, N) system without degradation of the crystal quality.
Disrupting Monolingual Ideologies: Constructing Biliterate Composing Practices in a Second‐grade Classroom
Authors: Rowe Lindsey W.
Published: March 2022

Emergent bilingual students in the U.S. often attend English‐medium schools where their bi‐ and multi‐lingual language resources are ignored and dismissed. This article draws on a social literacies perspective to explore how a second‐grade teacher and her multilingual students re‐framed one English‐medium classroom to welcome and include biliterate composing practices, in opposition to monoglossic norms. Findings illustrate moves made by a teacher to launch new biliterate writing practices, including talking about rationales, and providing invitations, support, and recognition for bilingual composing. In particular, analyses show that talking about rationales or reasons for biliterate composing was central to disrupting English‐only discourses and instead building new ways of thinking about and enacting bilingual writing. Analyses then trace intercontextual connections across events to illustrate how repeated, connected talk about these rationales over time opened spaces for students to take up bilingual composing practices. The article concludes by discussing implications for teachers and researchers who are interested in supporting emergent bilingual students’ bi‐ and multi‐lingual language use in English‐medium schools.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Strontium Complexes with Multidentate Ligands
Authors: Park Chanwoo , Cho Chan‐Mi , Park Bo Keun , Hong Chang Seop , Chung Taek‐Mo
Published: March 2022

A series of new strontium complexes, [Sr(tmtad)(btsa)]2 (1), [Sr(ptmtad)(btsa)]2 (2), [Sr(etmtad)(btsa)]2 (3), [Sr(tmtad)(tmhd)]2 (4), [Sr(ptmtad)(tmhd)]2 (5), and [Sr(etmtad)(tmhd)]2 (6), were successfully synthesized by substitution reactions between btsa, aminoalkoxide ligands, and tmhdH (btsa=bis(trimethylsilyl) amide, tmtadH=2,5,9,12‐tetramethyl‐2,5,9,12‐tetraazatridecan‐7‐ol, ptmtadH=2,5,7,9,12‐pentamethyl‐2,5,9,12‐tetraazatridecan‐7‐ol, etmtadH=7‐ethyl‐2,5,9,12‐tetramethyl‐2,5,9,12‐tetraazatridecan‐7‐ol, tmhdH=2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedione). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the new strontium compounds showed low residual masses (4‐11 %) where complex 4 displayed the highest volatility and thermal stability. Single crystal X‐ray study of complexes 1, 3, and 6 revealed that the respective complexes crystalize in a triclinic space group as a dimer with a hexa‐ or hepta‐coordination. Furthermore, dimethylamino nitrogen atoms of aminoalkoxide ligands are freely pendent without coordinating to the central strontium metal due to their steric hindrance on the coordination sphere. Compounds 1–6 were characterized by 1H‐ and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA), and thermogravimetric analysis.
Large‐scale semi‐automated migration of legacy C/C++ test code
Authors: Schuts Mathijs T. W. , Aarssen Rodin T. A. , Tielemans Paul M. , Vinju Jurgen J.
Published: March 2022

This is an industrial experience report on a large semi‐automated migration of legacy test code in C and C++. The particular migration was enabled by automating most of the maintenance steps. Without automation this particular large‐scale migration would not have been conducted, due to the risks involved in manual maintenance (risk of introducing errors, risk of unexpected rework, and loss of productivity). We describe and evaluate the method of automation we used on this real‐world case. The benefits were that by automating analysis, we could make sure that we understand all the relevant details for the envisioned maintenance, without having to manually read and check our theories. Furthermore, by automating transformations we could reiterate and improve over complex and large scale source code updates, until they were “just right.” The drawbacks were that, first, we have had to learn new metaprogramming skills. Second, our automation scripts are not readily reusable for other contexts; they were necessarily developed for this ad‐hoc maintenance task. Our analysis shows that automated software maintenance as compared to the (hypothetical) manual alternative method seems to be better both in terms of avoiding mistakes and avoiding rework because of such mistakes. It seems that necessary and beneficial source code maintenance need not to be avoided, if software engineers are enabled to create bespoke (and ad‐hoc) analysis and transformation tools to support it.
Reliability‐based mix design of marble dust incorporated concrete and its assessment using the concept of performance index
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Yadav Saurav , Hussain Shaik , Arora Prateek , Srivastava Anshuman
Published: March 2022

Concrete is one of the most important and versatile construction materials and variation in its properties is inevitable. Mix design of concrete is done in such a way that the design compressive strength is typically higher than the actual values specified by the structural engineer. The concept of reliability has not been explicitly used in regard of calculation of compressive strength using mix design and demands attention. A design procedure based on the reliability‐based index is presented. The design procedure is developed for the concrete mix with partial replacement of cement by marble dust. The mechanical property which is the compressive strength of the concrete mix design is considered as a random variable, assumed to be lognormally distributed. The present study makes an effort to design a concrete mix in accordance to theory of confidence level for various levels of reliability. Mix design guidelines and graphs for various levels of replacement of cement by marble dust have also been presented in the study. Also, the cost analysis of various design mix proportions used has been calculated and compared. Four different cases to illustrate the performance rating in accordance with replacement levels of Marble dust have been formulated. The concrete mixes with marble dust induced in concrete had lower partial safety factors than those without inclusion. The characteristics of Marble dust incorporated concrete have been assigned numerical performance index values. These values may constitute a reliable means for concrete producers in finding the rate of cement replacement by other cementitious materials. The compressive strength of most of mixes with marble dust had a coefficient of variation and within‐test coefficient of variation value ranging between 2% and 3% and less than 1.5%, respectively. This indicates toward improvement in quality of concrete with cement partially replaced by marble dust.
Robust Parameter Estimation for Photovoltaic Array Model under Partial Shading Condition
Authors: Zheng Yinyan , Zhang Zhengjiang , Wu Ping , Hu Guiting , Dai Yuxing
Published: March 2022

Modeling the photovoltaic (PV) array can analyze the influence of temperature, irradiance, and other factors on the I‐V characteristic curve. The model can be used to replace the actual PV array to implement various PV experiments for reducing experimental costs and saving experimental time. Parameter estimation can make the parameters of the PV array model more accurate and make the outputs of model consistent with the outputs of the actual device. This work focuses on PV array under partial shading condition problems. The main contribution is to use different types of robust estimators for parameter estimation and present a comparative analysis of the traditional weighted least squares (WLS) estimator and eight robust estimators, including the Quasi‐weighted least squares (QWLS) estimator, Correntropy, etc. The performance of these estimators is analyzed in the simulation, where both random errors and gross errors are considered. The results showed that the robust estimators have better performance than the traditional WLS estimator especially when the measurement data contain gross errors. The robust estimators can be used in the parameter estimation for PV array model to estimate the accurate parameters. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Equipping all teachers to teach disciplinary language: Toward a developmental continuum in teacher education
Authors: Schall‐Leckrone Laura
Published: March 2022

Equipping all teachers to teach multilingual learners disciplinary language— content‐specific ways of knowing through language— is an unresolved teacher education challenge. This challenge is particularly acute for teacher educators who serve general education teachers, because these teachers typically lack the specialized language preparation or multilingual skills of TESOL or bilingual educators. Accordingly, this brief article presents an emerging framework that conceptualizes how teachers can learn to teach disciplinary language, drawing from scholarship on teacher learning, pedagogical language knowledge, and language of history. Then, it illustrates how one history teacher learned to teach disciplinary language over a 9‐year period from preservice preparation and novice years to a later role as a mentor teacher. This illustrative example supports prior research suggesting three teacher learning prerequisites are essential to improve instruction for MLs: consistent focus on disciplinary literacy, inquiry into practice, and school‐university collaboration. The article concludes by proposing a developmental continuum in equipping teachers to teach disciplinary language through preservice, novice, and mastery phases with differentiated supports and opportunities. This article seeks to contribute a descriptive framework that teacher educators and researchers can pilot, study, and adapt to advance efforts to equip all teachers to teach multilingual learners disciplinary language.
Correction to: The Roles of Climate Risk Dynamics and Adaptation Limits in Adaptation Assessment
Authors: Bouwer Laurens M.
Published: March 2022

Correction to:
Chapter 24 in:
C. Kondrup et al. (eds.), Climate Adaptation Modelling, Springer Climate,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_24
The Development and Strengthening of Methods for Valuing EQ-5D-5L – An Overview
Authors: Stolk Elly , Ramos-Goñi Juan Manuel , Ludwig Kristina , Oppe Mark , Norman Richard
Published: March 2022

The introduction of the EQ-5D-5L offered an opportunity to develop a standardised valuation protocol, the EQ-VT protocol, with improved methods for health state valuation that enables comparison of the resulting value sets between countries. This chapter summarises the process of developing and strengthening the methods for valuing EQ-5D-5L in the EQ-VT protocol which underpins the valuation studies reported in this book. This includes an overview of the methodological research programme that informed the initial EQ-VT protocol and a description of the key elements of the protocol and the included valuation techniques, i.e. composite time trade-off and discrete choice experiments. This chapter also discusses the first wave of EQ-5D-5L valuation studies which used the protocol and the resulting conclusions; the subsequent modification and strengthening of the EQ-VT protocol including a quality control procedure; and experience with use of the improved EQ-VT protocol in the subsequent waves of EQ-5D-5L valuation studies. The chapter concludes with an overview of the lessons learned during this journey of evidence-based refinement of the EQ-VT protocol from version 1.0 to the current version 2.1.
Experimental Design for the Valuation of the EQ-5D-5L
Authors: Oppe Mark , Norman Richard , Yang Zhihao , van Hout Ben
Published: March 2022

The EQ-VT protocol for valuing the EQ-5D-5L offered the opportunity to develop a standardised experimental design to elicit EQ-5D-5L values. This chapter sets out the various aspects of the EQ-VT design and the basis on which methodological choices were made in regard to the stated preference methods used, i.e., composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiments (DCE). These choices include the sub-set of EQ-5D-5L health states to value using these methods; the number of cTTO and DCE valuation tasks per respondent; the minimum sample size needed; and the randomisation schema. This chapter also summarises the research studies developing and testing alternative experimental designs aimed at generating a “Lite” version of the EQ-VT design. This “Lite” version aimed to reduce the number of health states in the design, and thus the sample size, to increase the feasibility of undertaking valuation studies in countries with limited resources or recruitment possibilities. Finally, this chapter outlines remaining methodological issues to be addressed in future research, focusing on refinement of current design strategies, and identification of new designs for novel valuation approaches.
Patient Discharge Classification Based on the Hospital Treatment Process
Authors: Cremerius Jonas , König Maximilian , Warmuth Christian , Weske Mathias
Published: March 2022

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospitalization and rehospitalization in American hospitals, leading to high expenditures and increased medical risk for patients. The discharge location has a strong association with the risk of rehospitalization and mortality, which makes determining the most suitable discharge location for a patient a crucial task. So far, work regarding patient discharge classification is limited to the state of the patients at the end of the treatment, including statistical analysis and machine learning. However, the treatment process has not been considered yet. In this contribution, the methods of process outcome prediction are utilized to predict the discharge location for patients with heart failure by incorporating the patient’s department visits and measurements during the treatment process. This paper shows that, with the help of convolutional neural networks, an accuracy of 77% can be achieved for the hospital discharge classification of heart failure patients. The model has been trained and evaluated on the MIMIC-IV real-world dataset on hospitalizations in the US.
Discovering Care Pathways for Multi-morbid Patients Using Event Graphs
Authors: Naeimaei Aali Milad , Mannhardt Felix , Toussaint Pieter Jelle
Published: March 2022

Patients suffering from multiple diseases (multi-morbid patients) often have complex clinical pathways. They are diagnosed and treated by different specialties and undergo other clinical actions related to various diagnoses. Coordination of care for these patients is often challenging, and it would be of great benefit to get better insight into how the clinical pathways develop in reality. Discovering these pathways using traditional process mining techniques and standard event logs may be difficult because the patient is involved in several highly independent clinical processes. Our objective is to explore the potential of analyzing these pathways using an event log representation reflecting the independent clinical processes. Our main research question is: How can we identify valuable insights by using a multi-entity event data representation for clinical pathways of multi-morbid patients? Our method was built on the idea to represent multiple entities in event logs as event graphs. The MIMIC-III dataset was used to evaluate the feasibility of this approach. Several clinical entities were identified and then mapped into an event graph. Finally, multi-entity directly follows graphs were discovered by querying the event graph visualizing them. Our result shows that paths involving multiple entities include traditional process mining concepts not for one clinical process but all involved processes. In addition, the relationship between activities of different clinical processes, which was not recognizable in traditional models, is visible in the event graph representation.
A global analysis of charmless two body hadronic decays for anti-triplet charmed baryons
Authors: Huang Fei , Xing Zhi-Peng , He Xiao-Gang
Published: March 2022

Recently Belle collaboration reported new measurements for the branching fractions with the first observing two processes of $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Xi}_c^0\to \Lambda {K}_S^0\right) $$
B

Ξ
c
0

→
Λ

K
S
0

, $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Xi}_c^0\to {\Sigma}^0{K}_S^0\right) $$
B

Ξ
c
0

→

Σ
0

K
S
0

and updating data for $$ \mathcal{B}\left({\Xi}_c^0\to {\Sigma}^{+}{K}^{-}\right) $$
B

Ξ
c
0

→

Σ
+

K
−

. Combined with other known data on charmless two body decays of anti-triplet charmed baryons, a lot of information can be derived with the assistance of SU(3) flavour symmetry. Using SU(3) relations between different decay modes, we can give some predictions based on the new measurements which can be tested with the high luminosity experiments in the future. More interestingly, we find that a global fit is now possible with the addition of new Belle data. In general, there are 18 complex SU(3) invariant amplitudes. We find that a scenario of all amplitudes being real can fit the data well with a χ2/d.o.f. only 0.773. This indicates that neglecting the phases of the amplitudes is a reasonable assumption. When more data become available, one may be able to get more information for phases in the amplitudes. We give several comments on the feature of global fit regarding the branching fractions, relations between different decays, and decays involving K0 and $$ \overline{K} $$

K
¯

0. Many of the unknown branching fractions and polarization asymmetry parameters of anti-triplet charmed baryon for charmless two body decays are predicted to be accessible by experiments at Belle, Belle II, BES-III, and LHCb. The validity of SU(3) for charmless two body hadronic decays can be more accurately tested.
The one-loop impact of a dependent mass: the role of m3 in the C2HDM
Authors: Fontes Duarte , Romão Jorge C.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

In the complex 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (C2HDM), the mass m3 of the heaviest neutral scalar h3 is usually chosen as a derived parameter. We investigate one-loop corrections to m3 and their impact on decays of h3. Very fine-tuned regions of the parameter space can be found where such corrections are large, not due to subtraction schemes, but rather due to the particular dependence of m3 on the independent parameters. We show that even moderate corrections can have a significant impact on decays of h3, as they may be several times enhanced by leading-order factors.
Second primary malignancies induced by radioactive iodine treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma — a critical review and evaluation of the existing evidence
Authors: Reinecke Maximilian J. , Ahlers Gerrit , Burchert Andreas , Eilsberger Friederike , Flux Glenn D. , Marlowe Robert J. , Mueller Hans-Helge , Reiners Christoph , Rohde Fenja , van Santen Hanneke M. , Luster Markus
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Concern is growing about long-term side effects of differentiated thyroid cancer treatment, most notably radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. However, published studies on the subject have had heterogeneous cohorts and conflicting results. This review seeks to provide an updated evaluation of published evidence, and to elucidate the risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs), especially secondary hematologic malignancies (SHMs), attributable to RAI therapy.

Methods

An extensive literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE and In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and PubMed. Studies regarding RAI-induced SPMs or a dose–response relationship between RAI therapy and SPMs were identified, 10 of which were eligible for the analysis. We evaluated risk of bias in each study and judged quality of evidence (QOE) across all studies using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.

Results

For the outcome “SPM”, the relative effect (relative risk, hazard ratio, or odds ratio) of RAI vs. no RAI ranged from 1.14 to 1.84 across studies, but most results were not statistically significant. For the outcome “SHM”, reported relative effects ranged from 1.30 to 2.50, with 2/3 of the studies presenting statistically significant results. In 7/8 of the studies, increased risk for SPM was shown with increasing cumulative RAI activity. QOE was “very low” regarding SPM after RAI and regarding a dose–response relationship, and “low” for SHM after RAI.

Conclusion

Based on low quality evidence, an excess risk for the development of SPM cannot be excluded but is expected to be small.
Efficient Card-Based Majority Voting Protocols
Authors: Abe Yoshiki , Nakai Takeshi , Kuroki Yoshihisa , Suzuki Shinnosuke , Koga Yuta , Watanabe Yohei , Iwamoto Mitsugu , Ohta Kazuo
Published: March 2022

Card-based cryptography is a variety of secure multiparty computation (MPC). Recently, a new technique called private operations was introduced because the protocol can be implemented with fewer cards than that by using the conventional technique called the shuffle. For example, Nakai et al. showed that if the private operations are available, secure computations of AND and OR operations for two inputs can be realized simultaneously by using four cards, and the protocol is applied to a four-card majority voting protocol with three inputs. This paper shows that only three cards are sufficient to construct a majority voting protocol with three inputs. Specifically, we propose two constructions of three-input majority voting protocols. One is a protocol assuming that players can announce their output, and the other is not allowed. Compared to Nakai et al.’s protocol, the protocol with the announcement is realized without any additional private operations and communications. On the other hand, the second construction requires two more private operations and communications because it removes the assumption on the announcement from the first construction. More importantly, the idea of the second protocol can be extended to an n-input majority voting protocol with n cards, which is the main result of this paper.
Minimising inequality in multiagent resource allocation
Authors: Schneckenburger Sebastian , Dorn Britta , Endriss Ulle
Published: March 2022

We analyse the problem of finding an allocation of resources in a multiagent system that is as fair as possible in terms of minimising inequality between the utility levels enjoyed by the individual agents. We use the well-known Atkinson index to measure inequality and we focus on the distributed approach to multiagent resource allocation, where new allocations emerge as the result of a sequence of local deals between groups of agents who agree on an exchange of some of the items in their possession. Our results show that it is possible to design systems that provide theoretical guarantees for optimal outcomes that minimise inequality, but also that there are significant computational hurdles to be overcome in the worst case. In particular, finding an optimal allocation is computationally intractable and under the distributed approach a large number of structurally complex deals, possibly involving many agents and items, may be required before convergence to a socially optimal allocation. This remains true even in severely restricted resource allocation scenarios where all agents have the same utility function. From a methodological point of view, while much work in multiagent resource allocation relies on combinatorial arguments, here we instead use insights from basic calculus.
The CUBES instrument model and simulation tools
Authors: Genoni Matteo , Landoni Marco , Cupani Guido , Franchini Mariagrazia , Cirami Roberto , Zanutta Alessio , Evans Chris , Di Marcantonio Paolo , Cristiani Stefano , Trost Andrea , Zorba Sonia
Published: March 2022

We present the simulation tools developed to aid the design phase of the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) for the Very Large Telescope (VLT), exploring aspects of the system design and evaluating the performance for different design configurations. CUBES aims to be the ‘ultimate’ ultraviolet (UV) instrument at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in terms of throughput, with the goal to cover the bluest part of the spectrum accessible from the ground (300 nm to 400 nm) with the highest possible efficiency. Here we introduce the End-to-End (E2E) and the Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) tools. The E2E simulator has been developed with different versions to meet the needs of different users, including a version that can be accessed for use by the broader scientific community using a Jupyter notebook. The E2E tool was used by the system team to help define the Phase A baseline design of the instrument, as well as in scientific evaluation of a possible low-resolution mode. The ETC is a web-based tool through which the science community are able to test a range of science cases for CUBES, demonstrating its potential to push the limiting magnitude for the detection of specific UV-features, such as abundance estimates of beryllium in main-sequence stars.
“Are we making a quilt, with lots of ill-fitting cloths in here?”: Teachers’ internal conversations on curriculum making
Authors: Hizli Alkan Sinem
Published: March 2022

Teachers exercising reflexivity through their internal conversations is one of the most important factors in the process of curriculum change. Drawing from Margaret Archer’s theory, this research explores teachers’ internal conversations in their own descriptions about a range of matters related to curriculum making. Eight secondary school teachers from different subject backgrounds (6 from Scotland and 2 from Wales) participated in the research. Findings suggest that although teachers may have similar concerns to produce internal conversations, the texture of the conversations, their standpoints, and how they project future actions differed. This variation can be partially explained by teachers exercising different modes of reflexivity in their unique circumstances. Findings suggest that a complex, nuanced and dynamic understanding of reflexivity is a salient feature to explain teachers’ stances towards curriculum, reasoning, decision-making and actions, which may help to understand curriculum change processes better.
Arts and Cultural Engagement, Reportedly Antisocial or Criminalized Behaviors, and Potential Mediators in Two Longitudinal Cohorts of Adolescents
Authors: Bone Jessica K. , Bu Feifei , Fluharty Meg E. , Paul Elise , Sonke Jill K. , Fancourt Daisy
Published: March 2022

Arts and cultural engagement is a potential strategy for reducing or preventing reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors (those previously and problematically termed as “delinquent”) in adolescence. However, most research to date has focused on arts-based interventions and has not tested arts and cultural engagement in large population-based longitudinal studies. This study investigated whether arts and cultural engagement reduced reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors in two large nationally representative cohorts, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 10,610; 50% female, 72% White, age range = 11–21 mean = 15.07) and the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (n = 15,214; 50% female, 73% White, age range = 13–16 mean = 14.38). Structural equation modelling also allowed exploration of two potential mechanisms that might link arts and cultural engagement to reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors (self-control and attitudes towards these behaviors). More arts and cultural engagement was associated with fewer reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors, better self-control scores, and fewer positive perceptions of reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors concurrently and one to two years later. Arts and cultural engagement may provide opportunities for adolescents to realize positive developmental outcomes, reducing their risk of reportedly antisocial or criminalized behaviors.
Semi-Lipschitz functions and machine learning for discrete dynamical systems on graphs
Authors: Falciani H. , Sánchez-Pérez E. A.
Published: March 2022

Consider a directed tree$${\mathcal {U}}$$Uand the space of all finite walks on it endowed with a quasi-pseudo-metric—the space of the strategies$${\mathcal {S}}$$Son the graph,—which represent the possible changes in the evolution of a dynamical system over time. Consider a reward function acting in a subset$${\mathcal {S}}_0 \subset {\mathcal {S}}$$S0⊂Swhich measures the success. Using well-known facts of the theory of semi-Lipschitz functions in quasi-pseudo-metric spaces, we extend the reward function to the whole space$${\mathcal {S}}.$$S.We obtain in this way an oracle function, which gives a forecast of the reward function for the elements of$${\mathcal {S}}$$S, that is, an estimate of the degree of success for any given strategy. After explaining the fundamental properties of a specific quasi-pseudo-metric that we define for the (graph) trees (the bifurcation quasi-pseudo-metric), we focus our attention on analyzing how this structure can be used to represent dynamical systems on graphs. We begin the explanation of the method with a simple example, which is proposed as a reference point for which some variants and successive generalizations are consecutively shown. The main objective is to explain the role of the lack of symmetry of quasi-metrics in our proposal: the irreversibility of dynamical processes is reflected in the asymmetry of their definition.
Faster CNN-based vehicle detection and counting strategy for fixed camera scenes
Authors: Gomaa Ahmed , Minematsu Tsubasa , Abdelwahab Moataz M. , Abo-Zahhad Mohammed , Taniguchi Rin-ichiro
Published: March 2022

Automatic detection and counting of vehicles in a video is a challenging task and has become a key application area of traffic monitoring and management. In this paper, an efficient real-time approach for the detection and counting of moving vehicles is presented based on YOLOv2 and features point motion analysis. The work is based on synchronous vehicle features detection and tracking to achieve accurate counting results. The proposed strategy works in two phases; the first one is vehicle detection and the second is the counting of moving vehicles. Different convolutional neural networks including pixel by pixel classification networks and regression networks are investigated to improve the detection and counting decisions. For initial object detection, we have utilized state-of-the-art faster deep learning object detection algorithm YOLOv2 before refining them using K-means clustering and KLT tracker. Then an efficient approach is introduced using temporal information of the detection and tracking feature points between the framesets to assign each vehicle label with their corresponding trajectories and truly counted it. Experimental results on twelve challenging videos have shown that the proposed scheme generally outperforms state-of-the-art strategies. Moreover, the proposed approach using YOLOv2 increases the average time performance for the twelve tested sequences by 93.4% and 98.9% from 1.24 frames per second achieved using Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (F R-CNN ) and 0.19 frames per second achieved using the background subtraction based CNN approach (BS-CNN ), respectively to 18.7 frames per second.
Vernacular Multilingualism. The use of French in Medieval Dutch Literature
Authors: Hugen Jelmar
Published: March 2022

Recently new attention has been paid to the presence and use of French outside of France in multilingual regions, one of them being the Southern Low Countries. Scholarship focusing on this area has emphasized the presence of French within the Dutch literary culture as well as studied the language attitude of Dutch authors towards French. This article adds a third focus to this scholarship, namely that of the use of French found within multilingual texts from the Southern Low Countries. Through an analysis of a selection of bilingual and trilingual texts, it is determined how French is incorporated in these texts, what functionality it serves and to what extent this function reflects or contradicts findings from the other two views on French in medieval Dutch literary culture.
A computational model of TE-dominant noticing, repetition, prior knowledge and grammatical knowledge acquisition
Authors: Yang Juan , Qi X. F. , Liu R. , Wang L. , Sun B.
Published: March 2022

Computer-assisted textual enhancement (CATE) technology has been widely used to improve English as foreign language (EFL) learners’ syntactical and grammatical learning. Visual attention, repetition, and prior knowledge are known as the vital factors in CATE-assisted knowledge-acquisition; however, there still lacks a model which can describe those factors’ intrinsic cooperating-mechanism that works in the CATE-based knowledge-acquisition. Therefore, this paper built up a computational model (PESE) of using those factors as variables, by fitting and predicting the data collected from empirical experiments with an average accuracy of 78%, PESE testified and complemented the assumptions proposed by previous studies. PESE suggested that although the efficacy of CATE is majorly decided by learners’ prior-knowledge of the targets, the interactive effects of visual-attention, repetition, and inductive activity could partly compensate for the effect from prior-knowledge, and the efficacy ceiling of repetition also could be estimated according to the ‘easy-perceiving level’ coefficient. At the end of this paper, 3 pedagogical implications were proposed for English teachers who are willing to integrate CATE into their teaching activities.