bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Take the A-Metric: Interpretations of Some Known Solutions of Einstein’s Vacuum Field Equations
Authors: Robson Charles W. , Ornigotti Marco
Published: March 2022

In this work, we present a new interpretation of the only static vacuum solution of Einstein’s field equations with planar symmetry, the Taub solution. This solution is a member of the AIII class of metrics, along with the type D Kasner solution. Various interpretations of these solutions have been put forward previously in the literature, however, some of these interpretations have suspect features and are not generally considered physical. Using a simple mathematical analysis, we show that a novel interpretation of the Taub solution is possible and that it naturally emerges from the radial, near-singularity limit of negative-mass Schwarzschild spacetime. A new, more transparent derivation is also given, showing that the type D Kasner metric can be interpreted as a region of spacetime deep within a positive-mass Schwarzschild black hole. The dual nature of this class of A-metrics is thereby demonstrated.
Abelianized Structures in Spherically Symmetric Hypersurface Deformations
Authors: Bojowald Martin
Published: March 2022

In canonical gravity, general covariance is implemented by hypersurface-deformation symmetries on thephase space. The different versions of hypersurface deformations required for full covariance have complicated interplays with one another, governed by non-Abelian brackets with structure functions. For spherically symmetric space-times, it is possible to identify a certain Abelian substructure within general hypersurface deformations, which suggests a simplified realization as a Lie algebra. The generators of this substructure can be quantized more easily than full hypersurface deformations, but the symmetries they generate do not directly correspond to hypersurface deformations. The availability of consistent quantizations therefore does not guarantee general covariance or a meaningful quantum notion thereof. In addition to placing the Abelian substructure within the full context of spherically symmetric hypersurface deformation, this paper points out several subtleties relevant for attempted applications in quantized space-time structures. In particular, it follows that recent constructions by Gambini, Olmedo, and Pullin in an Abelianized setting fail to address the covariance crisis of loop quantum gravity.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and the Bridge between First and Fourth Dose: Where Are We?
Authors: Stasi Cristina , Meoni Barbara , Voller Fabio , Silvestri Caterina
Published: March 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has induced the explosion of vaccine research. Currently, according to the data of the World Health Organization, there are several vaccines in clinical (145) and preclinical (195) stages, while at least 10 are already in clinical phase 4 (post-marketing). Vaccines have proven to be safe, effective, and able to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its variants, as well as the clinical consequences of the development of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). In the two-dose primary vaccination, different time intervals between the two doses have been used. Recently, special attention has been paid to assessing the immunogenicity following booster administration. The third dose of the vaccine against COVID-19 may be administered at least 8 weeks after the second dose. In Israel, a fourth dose has already been approved in immunocompromised groups. The main objective of this review is to describe the principal results of studies on the effectiveness of first-to-fourth dose vaccination to reduce reinfection by variants and the incidence of severe disease/death caused by COVID-19. Vaccines have shown a high level of protection from symptomatic infection and reinfection by variants after a third dose. Accelerating mass third-dose vaccination could potentially induce immunogenicity against variants.
Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary care workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aragonès Enric , Cura-González Isabel del , Hernández-Rivas Lucía , Polentinos-Castro Elena , Fernández-San-Martín Maria Isabel , López-Rodríguez Juan A , Molina-Aragonés Josep M , Amigo Franco , Alayo Itxaso , Mortier Philippe , Ferrer Montse , Pérez-Solà Víctor , Vilagut Gemma , Alonso Jordi ,   the MINDCOVID-19 research group
Published: March 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the mental health of healthcare workers, yet studies in primary care workers are scarce.

Aim

To investigate the prevalence of and associated factors for psychological distress in primary care workers during the first COVID-19 outbreak.

Design and setting

This was a multicentre, cross-sectional, web-based survey conducted in primary healthcare workers in Spain, between May and September 2020.

Method

Healthcare workers were invited to complete a survey to evaluate sociodemographic and work-related characteristics, COVID-19 infection status, exposure to patients with COVID-19, and resilience (using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale), in addition to being screened for common mental disorders (depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, and substance use disorder). Positive screening for any of these disorders was analysed globally using the term ‘any current mental disorder’.

Results

A total of 2928 primary care professionals participated in the survey. Of them, 43.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 41.9 to 45.4) tested positive for a current mental disorder. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.61, 95% CI = 1.25 to 2.06), having previous mental disorders (OR 2.58, 95% CI = 2.15 to 3.10), greater occupational exposure to patients with COVID-19 (OR 2.63, 95% CI = 1.98 to 3.51), having children or dependents (OR 1.35, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.76 and OR 1.59, 95% CI = 1.20 to 2.11, respectively), or having an administrative job (OR 2.24, 95% CI = 1.66 to 3.03) were associated with a higher risk of any current mental disorder. Personal resilience was shown to be a protective factor.

Conclusion

Almost half of primary care workers showed significant psychological distress. Strategies to support the mental health of primary care workers are necessary, including designing psychological support and resilience-building interventions based on risk factors identified.
Nurse-led service delivery models in primary care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Moulton Jessica E , Withanage Nishadi Nethmini , Subasinghe Asvini K , Mazza Danielle
Published: March 2022

Background

Ensuring equitable access to health care is reliant on the strengthening of primary care services. Increasing the utilisation of task-sharing and telehealth models is one strategy to improve patient access and outcomes in primary care. This protocol details the methodology of a proposed scoping review of nurse and midwife involvement in task-sharing and telehealth models in primary care.

Aim

To identify what task-sharing and telehealth models have been utilised in the primary care setting globally, and to capture the characteristics and health and economic outcomes of the models, and whether they are acceptable and feasible.

Design & setting

This protocol was developed in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P).

Method

Five databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL] and Cochrane Library) will be searched for relevant studies published in English. Articles will be screened for inclusion in Covidence by three authors, with data extracted and synthesised using a chart designed for this review. Evidence will be mapped in both tabular and narrative forms to show characteristics, outcomes, and acceptability of the models of care.

Conclusion

Understanding how nurse- and midwife-led models of care may operate is crucial to strengthening service provision in primary care. Evidence on nurse and midwife-led primary care models will be collated and synthesised to inform future models.
Designing a dynamic sustainable system: 7 strategies to empower fashion SMEs and start-ups
Authors:   , Munjal Sejal
Published: March 2022

The area of sustainability is enormous and challenging to be covered by one single profession- here I propose a human centered design approach of problem-solving that starts with people and ends with innovative solutions that are relevant and tailor-made for their needs and can go a long way into building a design led strategy/solution. I strongly believe design to be a revolutionary tool, designers work in many different contexts; I decided to focus this research on fashion designers. As fashion industry is known to be notoriously wasteful while promoting consumerism and being the second highest consumer of non-renewable resources in the world, it becomes imperative to know what the new generation of fashion designers perceive and understand to be sustainable in fashion and otherwise. They are the future and their Small-Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) and Start-ups promise the power to change for a better fashion industry. SMEs and Start-ups are widely recognized as playing an important and substantial role in the economy while generating new jobs and these enterprises hold the desire to bring a change with their innovative ideas, which is what I target in this research. Fashion is a global industry, and sustainability is a global issue, I stand in a unique position as part of two entirely different countries India and New Zealand. These contrasting cultural and geographical dynamics provide a unique perspective relevant to a global market to hopefully bridge the gap of sustainability in fashion. Conception of a design led framework that can provide fair assistance to SMEs and Start-ups to build an environmentally sustainable as well as a financially sustainable enterprise which is user centric with people at the core is the intent of my research and is presented in the form of a Self-Sustainability Evaluation Toolkit (SSET) inspired by IDEO method cards. SSET assists in creating a transparent communication with all stakeholders and is a glocal product+service- non-restricted by the boundaries of nations.
Estimation of Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Using Small Area Estimation (SAE) in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province
Authors: Mellinda Mellinda , Sumarni Cucu
Published: March 2022

The large population in Indonesia has an impact on providing basic services for population which is not optimal so the condition and distribution of the population in a country must be addressed through fertility control methods. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is one of fertility measures used in Indonesia. The estimation of TFR at the district level is very important, especially for the Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province as the province with the highest TFR in Indonesia. The availability of TFR data up to the district level is difficult to obtain every year due to data limitations. This study uses the National Socio-Economic Survey to address these problems. TFR estimation through survey data (direct estimation) generally results in a large Relative Standard Error (RSE) value, so it is necessary to estimate using an indirect estimate in the form of Small Area Estimation (SAE). By using SAERestricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedure, TFR with an RSE that is lower than the direct estimate is obtained. There are 5 district that have a medium-high TFR, namely: Sumba Barat Daya, Sumba Tengah, Sabu Raijua, Sumba Barat, and Manggarai Barat. The government is recommended to focus more on that 5 districts to suppress the high TFR in NTT.
Data Input Quality Metrics on Mobile Positioning Data (MPD)
Authors: Munaf Alfatihah Reno MNSP , Putra Amanda Pratama , Madjida Wa Ode Zuhayeni , Setyadi Ignatius Aditya , Nugroho Amin Rois Sinung
Published: March 2022

Statistics Indonesia (BPS) has been using Mobile Positioning Data (MPD) to support official statistics since 2016. As a source of big data, MPD also has veracity characteristics, indicating uncertainty in the data. Therefore, it is necessary to check that the data are good enough to allow further analysis and the quality assurance process. Currently, there is no established international standard for quality assurance of MPD. This paper describes the quality matrix used by BPS in examining data from mobile operators. BPS uses thirteen indicators in conducting quality assurance, where the inspection uses several different methods, such as setting a threshold, checking data completeness, and checking the form of data distribution. Exploratory Data Analysis is carried out to determine whether the data meets the requirements for further analysis. We conducted this research on a mobile network operator data for June - July 2020 as the basis for MPD analysis in 2021. Based on the inspection during this period, BPS can cooperate with this cellular operator to conduct data analysis in 2021. However, the operator must repeat the calculation of the required matrix as quality assurance every month.
Variables Affecting Eligible Women in Poor Households to Smoke in Indonesia 2017
Authors: Ramadhani Maghfira , Yuhan Risni Julaeni
Published: March 2022

Smoking is one of public health threats. Cigarette consumption does not only impact on a person's declining health but also social behavior. Smoking behavior in women, especially eligible women (15-49 years old) threatens women’s reproductive health and the condition of the fetus in the womb during pregnant, which may get worse in poor households. Aside from that, cigarette consumption in Indonesia occupies the second position in food consumption with a portion of 12.17 percent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the variables that affect eligible women in poor households to smoke in Indonesia. The sources of the research data are the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (2017 IDHS) with the Household and Eligible women questionnaires. The method of analysis used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis with binary logistic regression method in rare event with the firthlogit model. The results of the study show that eligible women in poor households in Indonesia would have a tendency to smoke when they live in urban areas, are more mature in age, their highest educational level is lower than junior high school, work, never access mass media, have partner who do not work and have a big number of household members.
Spatial Analysis of Crime in East Java Province in 2019
Authors: Ummah Choirul , Rahani Rini
Published: March 2022

Crime is one of the consequences of fluctuations in the economic condition of a country. Crime incidents harm many parties. The number of criminal acts increased in 2019, especially in Sumatra and Java Island. Most provinces experienced an increasing number of criminal acts, one of them was East Java. East Java contributed more than a quarter of the number of crimes throughout Java Island. The number of criminal acts is count data with overdispersion because its variance is higher than its average. This study aims to analyze the number of criminal acts by applying Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR). The result shows that GWNBR formed two regional groups based on significant variables. The four independent variables namely the unemployment rate, the number of poor people, the Gini ratio, and the police population ratio have a significant effect on all districts/cities. However, the mean year of schooling shows a significant effect only in certain districts/cities. The GWNBR is the best model in modelling the number of criminal acts in East Java.
An insight into Youth Unemployment in Indonesia
Authors: Yanindah Ayuningtyas
Published: March 2022

Youth unemployment in Indonesia has continued to remain at a high level relative to other age categories for several years. The case of Indonesia’s youth unemployment is grave with the presence of a low workforce participation rate, informal employment, and higher unemployment rates in young people compared with adults. Due to the lack of research on a country-wise view of youth unemployment, this study focuses on providing a much better understanding of the youth unemployment problem in emerging countries, especially Indonesia. The main aim of the paper is to bridge the research gap on youth unemployment with reference to microeconomic determinants, such as educational background and participation in training. This study utilized the August 2019 data of SAKERNAS (Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional) and analyzed the data using the logistic regression method. Logistic regression is a special econometric model where the dependent variable is considered categorical and dichotomous (binary); in this case, it was unemployed (1) or working (0). The study found that training participation has a negative correlation with youth unemployment, while educational attainment generates mixed results.
Study of Handwriting Recognition Implementation in Data Entry of Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (SAKERNAS) using CNN
Authors: Mustafa Yusron Farid , Ridho Farid , Mariyah Siti
Published: March 2022

The use of Paper and Pencil Interviewing (PAPI) at BPS requires manual data entry that cannot be separated from the human ability to recognize handwriting. For computers, handwriting recognition is complex work that requires complex algorithms. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is an algorithm that can accommodate the complexity of handwriting recognition. This research intends to conduct a study on the implementation of the handwriting recognition model using CNN in recognizing handwriting on the PAPI questionnaire in data entry activities. Handwriting recognition model was built using the EMNIST dataset separately according to its character type and provides 89% accuracy for characters in the form of letters and numbers, 95% for characters in the form of letters, and 99% for characters in the form of numbers. Implementation of the handwriting recognition on the questionnaire image shows good results with 83.33% accuracy. However, there are problems found in the process of character segmentation where characters are not segmented correctly because the line of writing continues on the character that should be separated and disconnected characters when they should be joined. The result obtained in this study is expected to be a consideration regarding the entry method data used by BPS later.
Bayesian Network Model to Distinguish COVID-19 for Illness with Similar Symptoms
Authors: Luthfi Emir , Wijayanto Arie Wahyu
Published: March 2022

Numerous diseases and illnesses exhibit similar physical and medical symptoms, such as COVID-19 and its similar disguised illness (common cold, flu, and seasonal allergies). In this study, we construct a Bayesian Network model to distinguish such symptom variables in a classification task. The Bayesian Network model has been widely used as a classifier comparable to machine learning models. We develop the model with a scoring-based method and implement it using a hill-climbing algorithm with the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) score approach. Experimental evaluations using publicly available Mayo Clinic based data using this Bayesian Network model that present Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which can show the relationship between the similar symptoms and the type of disease with Conditional Probability Table (CPT). This model shows a promising accuracy performance up to 93.14% which is better than the performance of other machine learning classifiers, including the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the ensemble approaches such as Random Forest (RF), while slightly smaller than that of the neural networks (NN).
Learning Bayesian Network for Rainfall Prediction Modeling in Urban Area using Remote Sensing Satellite Data (Case Study: Jakarta, Indonesia)
Authors: Putri Salwa Rizqina , Wijayanto Arie Wahyu
Published: March 2022

Rainfall modeling is one of the most critical factors in agricultural monitoring and statistics, transportation schedules, and urban flood prevention. Weather anomaly during the dry season in urban coastal areas of tropical countries such as Jakarta, Indonesia has become a challenging issue that causes unexpected changes in rain patterns. In this paper, we propose the Bayesian Network (BN) approach to model the probabilistic nature of rain patterns in urban areas and causal relationships among its predictor variables. Rain occurrences are predicted using temperature, relative humidity, mean-sea level (MSL) pressure, cloud cover, and precipitation variables. Data are obtained from the remote sensing sources of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite in Jakarta 2020-2021. We compare both of the score-based, i.e., Hill Climbing (HC), and hybrid structure learning algorithms of Bayesian Network including the techniques of Max-Min Hill Climbing (MMHC), General 2-Phase Restricted Maximization (RSMAX2), and Hybrid-Hybrid Parents & Children (H2PC). Further, we also compare the performance of score-based model (Hill Climbing) under five different popular scorings: Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), K2, Log-Likelihood, Bayesian Dirichlet Equivalent (BDE), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) methods. The main contributions of this study are as follows: (1) insights that the hybrid structure learning algorithms of Bayesian Network models are either superior in performance or at least comparable to its score-based counterparts (2) our proposed best performed Bayesian Network model that is able to predict the rain occurrences in Jakarta with a promising overall accuracy of more than 81 percent.
Wages of Workers Spatial Analysis in Indonesia Region 2019
Authors: Maghfirah Maghfirah , Samosir Omas Bulan
Published: March 2022

The wage inequality of workers in Indonesia is one of the main problems and concerns that are important to be addressed by the government. The determination of the regional minimum wage by the local government has not been able to solve the problem of inequality. On a larger scale, the wage inequality of workers can affect the stability of the national economy. Research on the spatial analysis of workers' wages is very important to be carried out as a basis for making appropriate policies by the government. In this study, we have succeeded in analyzing the dependence and spatial relationship of a region with the wages of its workers and have identified the factors that affect the wages of workers in a region. The result reveals the spatial dependences are detected among districts, followed by the spatial clusters and spatial outliers through global and local spatial autocorrelation. Applying two spatial autoregressive models, spatial autoregressive lag model (SAL) and spatial autoregressive error model (SEM), SAL confirmed that there are 4 significant independent variables with a level of 10 percent and have a positive relationship, namely education, age, internet, and sex ratio variables. And SEM confirmed that there are significants 5 significant independent variables with a level of 10 percent and have a positive relationship, namely education, age, technology, internet, and sex ratio variables. As the policy implication, since regional inequality in term of wage is still a major issue, it will be a call for better coordination and cooperation within and between regions.
Epidemiology of Mortality From Cerebrovascular Accident in Patients Admitted to Sina (Farshchian) Educational-Medical Hospital of Hamadan in 2018-2019
Authors: Maleki Jamasbi Mehrdad , Azami Hiva , Ebrahimi Neshat Hadis , Alipoor Kamran , Karimian Payam
Published: March 2022

Background and aims: Cerebrovascular accidents are a major cause of death and disability in many countries. Therefore, the epidemiological indicators are highly important in the case of these patients’ mortality. The present study aimed to determine the epidemiology of mortality due to cerebrovascular accidents in patients admitted to Sina (Farshchian) hospital of Hamadan within 2018-2019. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data of deceased patients were collected from one-year medical records in the neurology wards of Sina (Farshchian) hospital in Hamadan using the census method and a researcher-made checklist. The exclusion criteria were the cause of death except for cerebrovascular accident and incompleteness of data in patient’s medical record. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and SPSS 21. Results: Out of the 1196 patients admitted to the neurology wards, 159 cases died, and this rate was nearly equal between men and women. The highest mortality frequency belonged to ischemic type (83%), people over 60 years old (83%), illiterate (77.4%), urban (69.2%), self-employed (42.8%) individuals, and those with a history of underlying disease (73.6%), no history of smoking (90.6%), previous stroke (78.6%), and family history of stroke (99.4%). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that certain groups such as the elderly, illiterates, urban residents, self-employed, and people with underlying diseases had a higher mortality rate due to cerebrovascular accidents. Thus, special attention to these groups in health planning can be efficient in reducing the mortality of these accidents.
Assessment of Pattern of Drug-resistant TB and Associated Factors in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Derashri Gaurav , Nayak Shubhangi , Asati Aashutosh , Marathe Neera , Jadhav Tulsiram
Published: March 2022

Background and aims: The emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are greatly complicating tuberculosis (TB) control efforts in many countries. In India, in 2018, out of 2.4 million notified cases of TB, there were an estimated 66359 and 3,882 laboratory-confirmed cases of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) respectively. The main objective of this study was to assess pattern of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and factors associated with it in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care center in Rewa district from March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020 (12 months). Taking the census method into account, all of 186 DR-TB cases registered at District Tuberculosis Centre (DTC), Rewa district, with the age of 18 years and above were included in the study. All the patients were interviewed thoroughly using a pre-tested, pre-validated, and reliable pro forma which included information regarding socio-demographic profile and history of TB. For statistical analysis, chi-square test (with/without Yate’s correction) was applied and a P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the present study, 71.6% and 28.4% of the cases were reported to be male and female, respectively. Additionally, 78.4% of the study subjects belonged to the age group of less than 45 years. Besides, rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) was found to be the most prevalent type (56.4%), followed by isoniazid-resistant TB (HR-TB) (13.4%), and mixed pattern (12.4%) of DR-TB. Conclusion: DR-TB was more commonly observed in males of the economically productive age group (45 years and below), which can affect the social and economic development of individual, society, and nation.
Siyaset Nedir? Türkiye’de Siyaset Çalışmalarının İmkânı Üzerine Kuramsal Bir Çözümleme
Authors: KAYAPINAR Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2022

Bir bilim disiplininin konusunun nasıl tanımlandığı o disiplindeki çalışılan meselelerin kapsamını ve hatta yöntemini belirler. Siyaset biliminin konusu “siyasal olan”a ilişkin literatürdeki hâkim tanımlar maalesef toplumsal ve siyasal gerçekliğin bütününü kuşatmaktan uzak, parçacı tanımlardır. Türkiye gibi Batı-dışı toplumlarda ise mevcut tanım ve anlayışlar ciddi yanlış anlamalara neden olmakta, siyasal çalışmaların kümülatif olarak ilerlemesini engellemektedir. Bu makalede ana-akım tanımların siyasal düzeni verili kabul etmekle, insanlar arasındaki ilişkiyi özünde çatışma ve rekabete indirgemekle ve siyasetin süreç boyutunu ihmal etmekle malul olduğu gösterilmektedir. Bu sorunların arka planında ise büyük ölçüde disipline hâkim olan Amerikan toplumsal/siyasal gerçekliği ile on yedinci yüzyıldan itibaren Avrupa’da şekillenmiş modern toplum bilimleri paradigmasının olduğu savunulmaktadır. Son olarak makalede mevcut tanımlara alternatif, toplumsal/siyasal gerçekliğe ve Türkiye’nin ihtiyaçlarına daha uygun, mevcut tanımlardan daha kuşatıcı ve süreç temelli bir tanım denemesi yapılmaktadır.
Peculiarities of Sexual Behavior of Belarusian State Medical University Students and its Relationship with Academic Performance and Anxiety Level
Authors: Козырева В.М. , Налимов Д.П. , Пикиреня В.И.
Published: March 2022

Студенты Белорусского государственного медицинского университета часто смотрят порно (несколько раз в неделю и чаще – 41%, раз в неделю и чаще – 50%). Не было обнаружено связи между частотой просмотра и уровнем тревожности студентов. Гендерные отличия носят значительный характер. Среди мужчин было больше тех, кто считает себя порнозависимым (12% мужчин против 2% женщин). Выявлена слабая положительная корреляция между частотой просмотра порно и количеством пересдач экзаменов.

BSMU students are frequently watching pornography (more than few times a week – 41%, once a week and more often – 50%). No connection was revealed between the frequency of watching and anxiety levels in students. Gender differences are very large. There are far more men who considered themselves addicted to pornography than women (12% of men and 2% of women, respectively). It was found that the frequency of watching porn had a weak positive correlation with the number of exam retakes.
Electroconvulsive Therapy. Application Experience
Authors: Докукина Т.В. , Ходжаев А.В. , Евсегнеев Р.А.
Published: March 2022

В последнее время наблюдается рост фармакорезистентных психических расстройств. В таких случаях доказала свою эффективность и безопасность модифицированная электросудорожная терапия (ЭСТ). В ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр психического здоровья» (Минск) метод внедрен в клиническую практику и проводятся научные исследования по персонализации режимов выполнения процедуры ЭСТ. Разработаны инструкции по применению ЭСТ в условиях стационара, в амбулаторных условиях, комбинированному применению с транскраниальной магнитной стимуляцией.

Recently, there has been an increase in drug-resistant mental disorders. In such cases, modified electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective and safe. In the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health, the method has been introduced into clinical practice and scientific research is being carried out to personalize the modes of performing the ECT procedure. Instructions have been developed for the use of ECT in a hospital setting, in an outpatient setting, and for combined use with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
The Phenomenon of Mental Pain in the Context of Suicidal Behavior in Post-schizophrenic Depression: a Literature Review
Authors: Скугаревский О.А. , Савицкая В.В. , Объедков В.Г.
Published: March 2022

В обзоре литературы поднимаются проблемные вопросы клинической феноменологии, диагностики и систематики постшизофренических депрессий в контексте суицидальной активности при шизофрении. Освещаются вопросы актуальности своевременной диагностики таких состояний. Рассматриваются различные подходы к оценке эмоциональности при шизофрении за пределами формализованных оценок при различных подходах к данному вопросу с точки зрения медицинской психологии. Особое внимание уделяется трансдиагностической категории «душевной боли», дефиниции этой категории и отношению к суицидальности пациентов с постшизофренической депрессией. Авторы обзора приходят к выводу о том, что формализованная диагностика депрессии при шизофрении недостаточно эффективна для оценки суицидального поведения таких пациентов, а также находят аргументы в пользу необходимости исследования душевной боли при шизофрении вопреки устоявшемуся концепту о неизбежности эмоционального дефекта при этом заболевании.

The literature review raises problematic issues of clinical phenomenology, diagnosis and systematics of post-schizophrenic depression in the context of suicidal activity in schizophrenia. The issues of relevance of timely diagnosis of such conditions are highlighted. Various approaches to assessing emotionality in schizophrenia beyond formalized assessments are discussed with different approaches to this issue from the point of view of medical psychology. Particular attention is paid to the transdiagnostic category of "mental pain", the definition of this category and the attitude towards suicidality in patients with post-schizophrenic depression. The authors of the review conclude that the formalized diagnosis of depression in schizophrenia is not effective enough to assess the suicidal behavior of such patients, and also find arguments for the need to study mental pain in schizophrenia, contrary to the well-established concept of the inevitability of an emotional defect in this disease.
Are Russian Addictologists Susceptible to Emotional Burnout? Sententia Personalis. Part 1
Authors: Плоткин Ф.Б.
Published: March 2022

Приведены краткие сведения из истории изучения проблемы снижения психологической устойчивости человека в профессиональной деятельности. Указаны различные точки зрения на патогенетические механизмы, а также семантическое именование процесса, самым распространенным из которых является «синдром эмоционального выгорания» (СЭВ). Подчеркивается неопределенность самого понятия«синдром эмоционального выгорания» и его нечеткая дифференциация от других состояний, сопровождающихся аналогичной клинической картиной. Сообщается о разработке концепции деструктивного профессиогенеза, предлагаемого на смену синдрому профессионального выгорания. Проведен критический анализ исследований, посвященных синдрому профессионального выгорания у врачей, преимущественно наркологов. Рассмотрены некоторые личностные особенности людей, избирающих своей профессией медицину, а особенно профессии, связанные с охраной психического здоровья. Обосновывается неправомерность отнесения наблюдаемых у этих специалистов психологических и соматических проблем на счет СЭВ. Указано на наличие профессионалов, не подвергнувшихся «выгоранию», на необходимость изучения причин их «огнеупорности», а также проведения серьезных клинических исследований, состоятельных с позиций доказательной медицины.

Brief information is given from the history of studying the problem of reducing the psychological stability of a person in professional activity. Various points of view on the pathogenetic mechanisms, as well as the semantic naming of the process, are indicated, the most common of which is the "burnout syndrome". The author emphasizes the ambiguity of the concept of "Burnout Syndrome" and its fuzzy differentiation from other conditions accompanied by a similar clinical picture. Reports are given on the development of the concept of "destructive professiogenesis", aimed to replace the "syndrome of professional burnout". A critical analysis of studies devoted to the syndrome of professional burnout in doctors, mainly narcologists, has been carried out. Some personal characteristics of people who choose medicine as their profession, and especially the professions associated with mental health care, are considered. The issue of attributing psychological and somatic problems observed in these specialists to the "professional burnout syndrome" is raised. The presence of professionals who have not undergone "burnout", the need to study the reasons for their "stamina", as well as to conduct serious clinical studies consistent from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, are pointed out.
The Zimbabwean Response to RENAMO Incursions: A Conflict Transformation Perspective
Authors: Muchanyuka Muneyi
Published: March 2022

The study analysed the Zimbabwean responses to the RENAMO incursions that have affected communities along the border. The analysis was done through the lens of John Paul Lederach’s theory of Conflict Transformation. In particular, the study sought to gauge the effectiveness and sustainability of these methods employed by both the Zimbabwean community and the government. The recurrence of the violent incursions necessitated the study into the Zimbabwean border communities by the RENAMO rebels. It was also necessitated by the recurrence of hostilities between RENAMO and FRELIMO forces in Mozambique. The study was based on the case study of Chipinge in Manicaland, Zimbabwe. The community is located near the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border and is frequently affected by violent incursions whenever conflict breaks out in Mozambique. The research findings made it clear that the Zimbabwean responses to the RENAMO incursions have not been effective. The responses thus far have left the border communities vulnerable to further attacks from the rebels. However, these approaches are unsustainable from a Conflict transformation perspective. The approaches are short-sighted in outlook and have at best achieved a negative peace scenario. The study recommends Zimbabwe devise a conflict transformative approach that is long term in nature to stand against the RENAMO incursions effectively.
Estimación probabilística del riesgo sanitario con MS Excel:
Authors: Peluso Fabio , González Castelain José , Usunoff Eduardo , Rodríguez Lorena
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar, a través de un ejemplo, cómo pueden utilizarse las potencialidades de MS Excel para realizar análisis de riesgo sanitario probabilístico. Se aplica a un caso de ingesta accidentalsubcrónica o crónica de agua, debida al uso recreativo de aguas naturales, utilizando al nitrato como sustancia peligrosa para la salud. El trabajo ofrece funciones complejas anidadas, desarrolladas en ese software de planilla de cálculo, con las cuales aplicar Monte Carlo para obtener las distribuciones de frecuencias, tanto de los parámetros definitorios de la exposición como las del riesgo. Los resultados indican que esas funciones complejas son un buen sustituto a operaciones efectuadas con software comercial desarrollado explícitamente para evaluaciones de riesgo. Sin resignar precisión de cálculo, se compensa la falta de opciones de menús específicas o las capacidades gráficas y analíticas ceñidas a esta temática, con la ubicuidad de Excel y su costo menor. Esto lo convierte en una opción factible para encarar estudios de riesgo sanitarios probabilísticos por parte de los responsables de la gestión de los recursos hídricos en los municipios, los que generalmente presentan recursos limitados que hacen improbable la compra de software de alto costo.
Hidrología de las cuencas de aporte a Yaciretá. Análisis de precipitaciones
Authors: Morresi María del Valle , Zucarelli Graciela , Hammerly Rosana , Pongolini Adriana
Published: March 2022

Este trabajo presenta el análisis pluviométrico de estaciones pertenecientes a las cuencas de aporte a Yaciretá y es parte de las actividades previstas en el estudio “Provisión de la Red Hidrometeorológica y Sistema de Pronóstico de Caudales de Yaciretá”.El área de estudio abarca los tributarios del río Paraná en el tramo comprendido entre el río Iguazú y la sección Encarnación-Posadas, subdividida en 17 subcuencas del lado argentino y 17 subcuencas del lado paraguayo, que corresponden a los cursos más importantes. Se realizó una caracterización geológica y climatológica de la zona de estudio y se realizó el análisis del régimen de precipitaciones de 18 estaciones de Argentina y Paraguay, con las técnicas clásicas de distribución temporal de las series pluviométricas. La aplicación de las metodologías estándares permitió comprobar que las estaciones poseen un régimen hidrológico homogéneo ya que tanto los ciclos anuales observados como la magnitudprecipitada son similares.
Caracterización fisicoquímica y biológica de tres lagunas pampásicas
Authors: Díaz Oscar , Colasurdo Viviana , Grosman Fabián , Sanzano Pablo
Published: March 2022

Los estudios de diferentes aspectos fisicoquímicos de agua y sedimentos de lagunas pampeanas conformanuna herramienta para la interpretación de distintos fenómenos biológicos de las mismas. Las lagunas LaPeregrina, La Brava y De los Padres, se hallan muy próximas entre sí, ubicadas en el área serrana del SE dela Provincia de Buenos Aires. Sus cuencas de aporte poseen en común una intensa actividad agropecuaria ypendientes más pronunciadas respecto a la mayoría de los cuerpos de agua pampásicos, condición que lesbrinda un carácter diferencial. El objetivo de la ponencia es establecer la calidad y el estado trófico de las treslagunas mencionadas, vinculando aspectos físicos, químicos y biológicos del agua y sedimentos. Las lagunasson alcalinas, oligohalinas y presentan alto grado de eutroficación. La elevada turbidez observada es deorigen orgánico. Algunos parámetros no cumplen con los límites establecidos para diferentes usos. Seevidencia el rol de los sedimentos por su alto contenido en nutrientes en la dinámica lacunar.
Calidad hidroquímica del recurso hídrico en una cuenca endorreica del sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Sequeira Mario , Fernández Sandra , Paoloni Juan , Fiorentino Elida , Esposito Martín , Antonelli Pablo
Published: March 2022

La calidad hídrica es un término relativo, referido a la composición del agua cuando es afectada por la concentración de sustancias producidas por procesos naturales y actividades humanas. Como tal, es un término neutral que no puede clasificarse como bueno o malo sin hacer referencia al uso para el cual el agua es destinada. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la calidad hidroquímica del recurso hídrico de la cuenca endorreicade la laguna de Puán, Provincia de Buenos Aires, y su aptitud para uso agropecuario y consumo humano. Se consideraron datos proporcionados por el municipio y se tomaron muestras del nivel freático y de la laguna. Se midieron factores físico-químicos como el pH, la conductividad eléctrica, cantidad de sales y ciertos oligoelementos. Los resultados determinan aguas subterráneas mayoritariamente dulces, moderadamente duras, aptas para la ganadería y buenas para riego con baja peligrosidad salina y moderada peligrosidad sódica. También se observan elementos nocivos como As, V, F y Cr, que en algunas muestras superan los valores máximos admitidos para el consumo humano y pueden generar enfermedades de origen hídrico a mediano y/o largo plazo. Los resultados del agua de la laguna reflejan una aptitud nula para todo tipo de consumo.
Estudio de aporte de sedimentos del río San Francisco al embalse del dique La Falda
Authors: Beltramone Carlos
Published: March 2022

La cuenca del río San Francisco tiene una producción de sedimento de 0,023804 Hm3.año-1. Para describir laproducción y transporte de sedimento se aplicó el modelo cuantitativo de Gavrilovic, definiendo grados devulnerabilidad a los procesos erosivos sobre la base de parámetros geológicos, geomorfológicos y climáticos.
Análisis de pendientes hidrométricas en grandes crecidas sobre tramo del río Paraná
Authors: Garcia Marina , Basile Pedro , Riccardi Gerardo
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio sobre el comportamiento hidráulico de un tramo del sistema cauceplanicie aluvial del Río Paraná, desde Diamante hasta Ramallo, involucrando una longitud de 200 km aproximadamente. En el tramo se observa que el flujo encauzado en el curso principal, sobre margen derecha, es separado del escurrimiento en el valle de inundación mediante albardones naturales hasta aguas abajo de Rosario. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar el comportamiento del río en grandes crecidas a partir de registros de niveles hidrométricos y caudales sobre el cauce principal. Los resultados son importantes para la realización de calibraciones de modelos aplicados en este tramo, y como antecedente para ríos con configuraciones similares. Se calcularon pendientes longitudinales de la superficie libre por tramos y se contrastaron gráficas de pendientes-caudales-alturas. Cuando los caudales aumentan, manteniéndose menores a 25000 m³/s (flujo encauzado), se incrementan niveles hidrométricos y pendientes en todo el tramo. En cambio, al superar 25000 m³/s (anegamiento en el valle), el nivel hidrométrico en Rosario crece, pero más rápidamente se incrementa en San Nicolás por el retorno de flujo al cauce principal desde el valle, causando pendientes menores. Con caudales máximos, esta situación es más evidente. Se observa que en la interacción cauce-planicie el aumento del caudal no necesariamente implica un incremento de la pendiente hidráulica en el cauce, sino que depende de la configuración integral cauce-planicie y de la situación hídrica antecedente aguas abajo
Tratamiento del frente abrupto de infiltración para el caso de profundidad de inundación variable. Soluciones implícita y explícita
Authors: Masuelli Sergio , Barrera Daniel
Published: March 2022

La formulación teórica del proceso de infiltración según el modelo de frente abrupto (Green-Ampt) se haextendido a condiciones de profundidad de anegamiento decreciente en un sistema aislado. Las ecuacionesimplícitas obtenidas relacionan la tasa de infiltración y el espesor del anegamiento al tiempo. Mediante ladefinición de variables adimensionales de profundidad de inundación s y tiempo x se obtuvo la ecuaciónds/dx, la cual es función de un único parámetro descriptivo , en el cual se combinan todas las variables quecaracterizan las condiciones dinámicas iniciales del proceso de infiltración; éste parámetro define la forma dela curva de infiltración dada por la ecuación adimensional hallada. Luego se obtuvo una función paramétricaexplícita s(x), la cual depende de un único parámetro a, el cual a su vez es función de . Dicho parámetroposee cuatro coeficientes constantes válidos para un rango amplio de propiedades y condiciones del sueloque se observan en la naturaleza. Mediante simulaciones numéricas se demostró que la función paramétricapropuesta genera tasas de infiltración y volúmenes infiltrados similares a los que se obtienen partiendo de laecuación de Darcy en el esquema de Green-Ampt
Un método numérico para la obtención de relaciones constitutivas en rocas fracturadas
Authors: Monachesi Leonardo , Guarracino Luis
Published: March 2022

En este estudio se determinan las relaciones constitutivas para rocas fracturadas no saturadas mediante un procedimiento numérico que imita las técnicas de medición utilizadas en laboratorio. En forma computacional se generan muestras tridimensionales de roca con fracturas verticales y horizontales aleatorias. Cada fractura es conceptualizada como una placa tridimensional cuyas propiedades hidráulicas son descritas por el modelo de van Genuchten. El procedimiento se basa en la solución numérica de la ecuación de flujo no saturado estacionario en una malla regular de un millón de elementos utilizando un método híbrido mixto de elementos finitos. Los valores de saturación y conductividad hidráulica relativa se calculan numéricamente a partir de los resultados de la simulación para distintos valores de altura de presión. Las relaciones simuladas son ajustadas utilizando dos expresiones analíticas recientemente propuestas para rocas fracturadas no saturadas. Ejemplos numéricos muestran que ambos modelos pueden ajustar razonablemente las relaciones de saturación simuladas.