bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic emergence? Epistemic in/justice in AI-directed transformations of healthcare
Authors: Emah Imo , Bennett SJ
Published: February 2025

Moves toward integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning and generative AI-based technologies, into the domains of healthcare and public health have recently intensified, with a growing body of literature tackling the ethico-political implications of this. This paper considers the interwoven epistemic, sociopolitical and technical ramifications of healthcare-AI entanglements, examining how AI materialities shape emergence of particular modes of healthcare organization, governance and roles, and reflecting on how to embed participatory engagement within these entanglements. We discuss the implications of socio-technical entanglements between AI and Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) for equitable development and governance of health AI. AI applications invariably center on the domains of medical knowledge and practice that are amenable to computational workings. This, in turn, intensifies the prioritization of these medical domains and furthers the assumptions which support the development of AI, a move which decontextualizes the qualitative nuances and complexities of healthcare while simultaneously advancing infrastructure to support these medical domains. We sketch the material and ideological reconfiguration of healthcare which is being shaped by the move toward embedding health AI assemblages in real-world contexts. We then consider the implications of this, how AI might be best employed in healthcare, and how to tackle the algorithmic injustices which become reproduced within health AI assemblages.
Public attitudes and the socio-political divide surrounding onshore wind power in Norway
Authors: Kraft Pål , Kraft Brage
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Norway's goal to significantly increase onshore wind power production requires building public trust and addressing societal concerns.

Objective

This study investigated Norwegian attitudes toward onshore wind power at national and local levels, examining the influence of socioeconomic factors, the “Anywhere-Somewhere” worldview, climate change denial, and materialism.

Methods

A representative survey of 1,029 Norwegian adults (aged 18 years and above) was conducted.

Results

Public opinion on national onshore wind power development was almost evenly divided, although negative attitudes tended to be more extreme. However, local opposition was significantly higher (60%), primarily because of concerns about environmental impacts (harm to wildlife, visual impacts, noise, and land use). Socioeconomic factors did not predict attitudes, but opposition strongly correlated with a “Somewhere” worldview; this relationship was not mediated by climate change denial or materialism.

Conclusion

Significant public opposition to onshore wind power exists in Norway, particularly within marginalized sociocultural groups.

Implications

Achieving Norway's renewable energy targets requires inclusive policies that address citizen concerns.
Encoding-Based Machine Learning Approach for Health Status Classification and Remote Monitoring of Cardiac Patients
Authors: Awad Sohaib R. , Alghareb Faris S.
Published: February 2025

Remote monitoring of a patient’s vital activities has become increasingly important in dealing with various medical applications. In particular, machine learning (ML) techniques have been extensively utilized to analyze electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in cardiac patients to classify heart health status. This trend is largely driven by the growing interest in computer-aided diagnosis based on ML algorithms. However, there has been inadequate investigation into the impact of risk factors on heart health, which hinders the ability to identify heart-related issues and predict the conditions of cardiac patients. In this context, developing a GUI-based classification approach can significantly facilitate online monitoring and provide real-time warnings by predicting potential complications. In this paper, a general framework structure for medical real-time monitoring systems is proposed for modeling the vital signs of cardiac patients in order to predict the patient’s status. The proposed approach analyzes AI-driven interventions to provide a more accurate cardiac diagnosis and real-time monitoring system. To further demonstrate the validity of the presented approach, we employ it in a LabVIEW-based remote tracking system to predict three healthcare statuses (stable, unstable non-critical, and unstable critical). The developed monitoring system receives various information about patients’ vital signs, and then it leverages a novel encoding-based machine learning algorithm to pre-process, analyze, and classify patient status. The developed ANN classifier and proposed encoding-based ML model are compared to other conventional ML-based models, such as Naive Bayes, SVM, and KNN for model accuracy evaluation. The obtained outcomes demonstrate the efficacy of the presented ANN and encoding-based ML approaches by achieving an accuracy of 98.4% and 98.8% for the developed ANN classifier and the proposed encoding-based technique, respectively, whereas Naive Bayes and quadratic SVM algorithms realize 94.8% and 96%, respectively. In short, this study aims to explore how ML algorithms can enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve real-time monitoring, and optimize treatment outcomes. Meanwhile, the proposed tracking system outperforms most existing monitoring systems by offering high classification accuracy of the heart health status and a user-friendly interactive interface. Therefore, it can potentially be utilized to improve the performance of remote healthcare monitoring for cardiac patients.
Targeted Metabolomics Combined with OPLS-DA to Elucidate Phenolic Differences in Eight Cashew Apples
Authors: Huang Haijie , Ma Huifang , Zhao Li , Huang Weijian , Feng Xuejie , Hu Fuchu , Zhao Ya , Chen Liming , Ye Yingjun , Zhang Zhongrun , Liu Yijun
Published: February 2025

Phenolic compounds were separated and identified using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and analyzed with OPLS-DA and metabolomics in eight cashew apples. The results showed that the phenolic compound content in Bra4 was the highest, while Gua had the lowest levels. The content of 39 phenolic compounds (nine types) showed significant variability across the 8 cashew apples. Sixteen phenolic compounds with significant differences were excavated and could be used to differentiate and identify cashew apple varieties. The 18 differentially significant phenolic compounds present in Bra4 and Gua were mainly distributed in 6 metabolic pathways, and the metabolic pathways of flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were elucidated to regulate the synthesis of luteolin and syringin, respectively. These studies provide a scientific basis for selecting and breeding cashew varieties and developing products.
Simulation of Suitable Distribution and Differentiation in Local Environments of Cercospora arachidicola in China
Authors: Lin Ying , Pei Xue , Liang Chunhao
Published: February 2025

Peanut early leaf spot (ELS), caused by Cercospora arachidicola, is a major global threat to peanut production, leading to substantial economic losses. The development of ELS is closely linked to favorable climatic conditions. This study aimed to develop a predictive model, optimized using the Biomod tuning function, to assess the future risk and spatial distribution of ELS under various climate change scenarios. Our results suggest a northward expansion of suitable habitats for C. arachidicola driven by global warming, particularly under the SSP585-2050s and SSP585-2090s scenarios. Regions such as Shandong, Henan, and Shaanxi in northern China are predicted to become increasingly suitable for the pathogen, extending beyond traditional warm and humid zones. Climate-induced shifts in ecological niches were quantified, revealing significant changes in the pathogen’s distribution, with a reduction in niche overlap under future climatic conditions. Principal component analysis identified the bioclimatic variables bio5, bio6, and bio8 as key drivers of the pathogen’s niche shift. The first two principal components explained 71.82–75.02% of the variance in environmental factors. These findings provide crucial insights for proactive disease management and underscore the profound impact of climate change on ELS distribution, highlighting the necessity of adaptive strategies to mitigate its effects on agricultural systems. This model can also directly provide migration predictions for pathogenic bacteria for farmers and government departments, and make a great contribution to reducing disease losses.
Methodologies for Agricultural Gypsum Application Recommendations in No-Tillage Systems on Tropical Sandy Soils
Authors: de Souza Isabela Malaquias Dalto , Borges Wander Luis Barbosa , Juliano Pedro Henrique Gatto , Modesto Viviane Cristina , Girardi Vitória Almeida Moreira , de Souza Júnior Nelson Câmara , Ribeiro Naiane Antunes Alves , Matos Aline Marchetti Silva , Galindo Fernando Shintate , Andreotti Marcelo
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate which of five commonly used methodologies for agricultural gypsum application in no-tillage systems under tropical agricultural conditions is the most efficient in sandy soils. The evaluation focused on soil chemical and physical properties, nutrient movement through the soil profile, and crop productivity. Methods: Soil layers of 0–0.20 m and 0.20–0.40 m were analyzed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared using Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate analysis were also performed. Results: An increase in calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) contents was observed at the analyzed soil depths, along with a reduction in subsurface aluminum saturation (m%). Gypsum application also increased the dry matter yield of cover crops. Conclusions: For sandy soils under no-tillage systems with high nutrient export, aiming to improve soil fertility and aggregation, the gypsum application methodologies proposed by Caires and Guimarães or Raij and collaborators are recommended. According to multivariate analysis, these methodologies showed the best correlation with base saturation (V%), a key indicator of soil fertility. Additionally, the Caires and Guimarães method demonstrated a stronger correlation with maize productivity. However, none of the evaluated methodologies increased soybean yields.
Effects of Low-Temperature Stress During the Grain-Filling Stage on Carbon–Nitrogen Metabolism and Grain Yield Formation in Rice
Authors: Ma Huimiao , Jia Yan , Wang Weiqiang , Wang Jin , Zou Detang , Wang Jingguo , Gong Weibin , Han Yiming , Dang Yuxiang , Wang Jing , Wang Ziming , Yuan Qianru , Sun Yu , Zeng Xiannan , Zhang Shiqi , Zhao Hongwei
Published: February 2025

Interactions between carbon and nitrogen metabolism are essential for balancing source–sink dynamics in plants. Frequent cold stress disrupts these metabolic processes in rice and reduces grain yield. Two rice cultivars (DN428: cold-tolerant; SJ10: cold-sensitive) were subjected to 19 °C low-temperature stress at full-heading for varying lengths of time to analyze the effects on leaf and grain metabolism. The objective was to track carbon–nitrogen flow and identify factors affecting grain yield. Low-temperature stress significantly reduced the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), in functional leaves compared to the control. This reduction decreased nitrogen accumulation, inhibited chlorophyll synthesis, and slowed photosynthesis. To preserve intracellular osmotic balance and lessen the effects of low temperatures, sucrose, fructose, and total soluble sugar levels, as well as sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities, surged in response to low-temperature stress. However, low-temperature stress significantly reduced the activity of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), soluble starch synthase (SSS), and starch branching enzyme (SBE). At the same time, low-temperature stress reduced the area of vascular bundles and phloem, making it difficult to transport carbon and nitrogen metabolites to grains on time. The response of grains to low-temperature stress differs from that of leaves, with prolonged low-temperature exposure causing a gradual decrease in carbon and nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activities and product accumulation within the grains. The insufficient synthesis of starch precursors and carbon skeletons results in significantly lower thousand-grain weight and seed-setting rates, ultimately contributing to grain yield loss. This decline was more pronounced in inferior grains compared to superior grains. Compared to SJ10, DN428 exhibited higher values across various indicators and smaller declines under low-temperature stress, suggesting enhanced cold-tolerance and a greater capacity to maintain grain yield stability.
Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Diatoms Growth and Nutritional Value for Enhancing Litopenaeus vannamei Larval Performance
Authors: Abdelhay Reham A. , El-Mor Mohammad S. , Salem Mohammed A. M. , Al-Sagheer Adham A. , Abd-Elhakim Yasmina M. , Hassan Bayan A. , Mounes Hossam A. M.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the impact of different nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of two diatom species, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Thalassiosira weissflogii, and evaluated their use as live feed for Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. Diatoms were cultured in a Conway medium supplemented with four nitrogen sources: potassium nitrate (control), urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate. In a separate experiment, white-leg shrimp larvae (300 larvae/L) at stage Nauplius 6 were fed diets consisting of C. calcitrans, T. weissflogii, or a combination of both diatoms under controlled conditions. The results indicated that urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate significantly enhanced the growth and nutrient composition of C. calcitrans and T. weissflogii compared to the control (potassium nitrate). In C. calcitrans, ammonium nitrate significantly increased protein and lipid contents, while carbohydrate levels were the highest in the control. Similarly, urea and ammonium sulfate treatments yielded the highest lipid levels, whereas the control exhibited the lowest. For T. weissflogii, the control achieved the highest cell count on day 4, but ammonium nitrate significantly improved protein and lipid contents while reducing carbohydrate levels. A mixed diet of C. calcitrans and T. weissflogii significantly enhanced growth performance and reduced mortality rates in L. vannamei larvae compared to single-species diets. In conclusion, the findings indicated that ammonium nitrate was an efficient nitrogen source for enhancing diatom growth. Additionally, combining C. calcitrans and T. weissflogii as a diet improved growth and survival of L. vannamei larvae, offering practical implications for aquaculture.
The Effects of Tea Polyphenols in Feed on the Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Goat Kids
Authors: Xiao Yimei , Chen Longcheng , Xu Yuewen , He Xiaolin , Gan Shangquan , Yin Fuquan
Published: February 2025

In this present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of adding tea polyphenols to feed on the immunity, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of weaned goat kids. Thirty weaned kids (Leizhou goats, average initial weight of 9.32 ± 1.72 kg, 2 months old) were randomly divided into five groups with six kids in each group, with half being male and half being female. The control (CON) group was fed the basal diet, and the four other groups were supplemented with 2, 4, or 6 g/kg tea polyphenols or 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline in the basal diet (denoted as the T1, T2, T3, and CTC groups, respectively). The results showed that compared to the CON and CTC groups, adding 4 or 6 g/kg tea polyphenols could increase the expression levels of serum antioxidant enzymes and intestinal antioxidant genes in the kids. It also increased the expression of Nrf2 and IL-10 in the intestine, while reducing the content and gene expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). Dietary supplementation with 4 or 6 g/kg tea polyphenols reduced the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NFκB in intestinal tissue, activated intestinal protective mechanisms, and enhanced the immune defense of the intestinal epithelium. Compared to the CTC group, feeding tea polyphenols significantly increased the Simpson indices. However, adding 4 g/kg tea polyphenols significantly increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota, Candidatus Soleaferrea, the Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Prevotella, as well as the acetic acid content in the cecum of the kids (p < 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that dietary supplementation with 4 g/kg of tea polyphenols can effectively maintain the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and enhance the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities of weaned kids.
Divergent Photoperiodic Responses in Hypothalamic Dio3 Expression and Gonadal Activity Between Offspring and Paternal Brandt’s Voles
Authors: Wang Lewen , Li Zhengguang , Song Ying , Li Ning , Liu Xiao-Hui , Wang Dawei
Published: February 2025

The postnatal development of gonadal glands in seasonal breeders, particularly small rodent species, is influenced by photoperiodic patterns. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of pattern similarity and age differentiation especially in molecular features. This study compares the postnatal development of gonadal glands and the expression of hypothalamic genes related to reproductive regulation in male offspring of Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) born under three types of changing photoperiodic patterns: increasing long photoperiod (ILP, 12 h + 3 min/day), natural increasing long photoperiods (NLPs), and decreasing short photoperiods (DSPs, 12 h − 3 min/day), as well as in their paternal voles exposed to these patterns at the same period. Results indicate that over the course of 12 postnatal weeks, gonadal development, including organ masses and serum testosterone levels, exhibited similar profiles between the ILP and NLP groups, which were significantly higher than those observed in DSP offspring. Hypothalamic type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio3) exhibited significantly higher expression in the DSP group from postnatal week 4 to 8 compared to the other two groups. These physiological and molecular differences gradually decreased with age in offspring, but were never observed in the paternal voles, indicating divergent photoperiodic responses between the two ages. The synchronous profiles observed between hypothalamic Dio3 expression and gonadal activities underscore its crucial role in interpreting photoperiodic signals and regulating gonadal development in Brandt’s voles.
A Positive-Reinforcement Training Regimen for Refined Sample Collection in Laboratory Pigs
Authors: Layton Rachel , Beggs David , Fisher Andrew , Mansell Peter , Riddell Sarah , Layton Daniel , Williams David T. , Stanger Kelly J.
Published: February 2025

Positive-reinforcement training of laboratory pigs can reduce the reliance on forced manual restraint and anaesthesia for sample collection, reducing stress and physiological disruption. Training regimens for laboratory pigs typically rely on specialised equipment for restraint, such as Panepinto slings, with a time investment that may not be justified for short-term studies. These training regimens also commonly rely on pigs being lifted into sling restraints, which is not practical for studies involving large pigs. We developed and assessed a rapid, three-phase, positive-reinforcement training regimen for both individually housed and group-housed laboratory pigs to facilitate the collection of minimally invasive samples consciously and voluntarily. The time to complete each phase of training in both individually housed and group-housed pigs was recorded. The behaviour of the individually housed pigs was assessed via an ethogram of behaviours exhibited during a human approach test, and stress response was assessed by analysing salivary corticosterone. The rapid, positive-reinforcement training regimen successfully facilitated oral swabbing, rectal swabbing and rectal thermometer insertion from individually housed (within 18 days) and group-housed (within 6 days) pigs. The trained pigs displayed increasing positive behaviours, no or very few negative behaviours and corticosterone levels within normal limits throughout the study. This training regimen provides a practical and welfare-positive tool for the collection of minimally invasive samples from both small and large laboratory pigs, with a low time investment of 2–5 min/pig/day without the need for specialised restraint equipment.
Current Review of Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics in Small Animal Medicine
Authors: Wang Jianzhong , Zhou Xueying , Elazab Sara T. , Huang Jian , Hsu Walter H.
Published: February 2025

Monoclonal antibody therapy has been a cornerstone of human healthcare for nearly four decades, effectively treating a wide range of diseases including cancers, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions. However, its application in veterinary medicine is a relatively recent development, offering a promising therapeutic approach for managing chronic diseases in small animals. Dogs and cats, like humans, suffer from chronic conditions such as cancer, arthritis, allergies, and chronic pain, which mAb therapy could potentially address. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of mAb therapy in small animal medicine, focusing on currently authorized products, including their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety concerns. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the use of mAbs in veterinary medicine, specifically in the treatment of chronic disorders. While mAb therapy has shown significant benefits in human healthcare, challenges remain in its application to veterinary practice, including safety concerns and the limited availability of approved products. Despite these challenges, mAb therapy holds great promise for improving the management of chronic diseases in animals, with future research and development potentially expanding its clinical use.
Long-Acting Antibiotics: New Opportunities Beyond Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSIs)!
Authors: Pontali Emanuele , Baiardi Giammarco , Del Puente Filippo , Mattioli Francesca
Published: February 2025

Currently, two long-acting antibiotics are available: oritavancin (ORI) and dalbavancin (DBV) [...]
Utilization of Inhaled Antibiotics in Pediatric Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Tsouprou Maria , Koumpagioti Despoina , Botsa Evanthia , Douros Konstantinos , Moriki Dafni
Published: February 2025

The lack of available treatments in pediatric non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis is a major concern, especially in the context of the increasing disease burden due to better detection rates with advanced imaging techniques. Recurrent infections in these patients are the main cause of deterioration, leading to impaired lung function and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Since pediatric non-CF bronchiectasis with early recognition and appropriate treatment can be reversible, optimal management is an issue of growing significance. The use of inhaled antibiotics as a treatment option, although a standard of care for CF patients, has been poorly studied in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis, especially in children. In this review, we present the current data on the potential use of inhaled antibiotics in the treatment of non-CF bronchiectasis and assess their safety and efficacy profile, focusing mainly on children. We conclude that inhaled antibiotics as an adjuvant maintenance treatment option could be tried in a subgroup of patients with frequent exacerbations and recent or chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection as they appear to have beneficial effects on exacerbation rate and bacterial load with minimal safety concerns. However, the level of evidence in children is extremely low; therefore, further research is needed on the validity of this recommendation.
FDA-Approved Antibacterials and Echinocandins
Authors: Al Musaimi Othman
Published: February 2025

Since 1955, a total of 12 peptide-based drugs with antimicrobial or antifungal properties have received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Peptides present a promising opportunity to address serious infections that may be challenging to manage through other means. Peptides exhibit the capability to leverage various mechanisms, and in some cases, multiple mechanisms are employed for this purpose. Despite the initial approval dating back to 1955, the FDA recently approved an echinocandin peptide just last year. The ongoing approvals underscore the significance of peptides in addressing ongoing medical challenges. Approximately 22 peptide therapeutics with an antibacterial and antifungal spectrum are currently undergoing various phases of clinical trials, showing promising results. In this review, antimicrobial and antifungal peptides are analyzed in terms of their chemical structure, indication, mode of action, and development journey, concluding with their arrival in the pharmaceutical market.
Authorship Detection on Classical Chinese Text Using Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Lingmei , Shi Jianjun , Zhang Chenkai , Liu Zhixiang
Published: February 2025

Authorship detection has played an important role in social information science. In this study, we propose a support vector machine (SVM)-based authorship detection model for classical Chinese texts. Term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) feature extraction technique is combined with the SVM-based method. The linguistic features used in this model are based on TF-DIF calculations of different function words, including literary Chinese words, end-function words, vernacular function words, and transitional function words. Furthermore, a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM)-based authorship model is introduced to detect authorship in classical Chinese texts. The BiLSTM model incorporates an attention mechanism to better capture the meaning and weight of the words. We conduct a comparative analysis between the SVM-based and BiLSTM-based models in the context of authorship detection in Chinese classical literature. The applicability of the two authorship detection models for classical Chinese texts is examined. Results indicate varying authorship between different sections of the texts, with the SVM model outperforming the BiLSTM model. Notably, these classification outcomes are consistent with findings from prior studies in classical Chinese literary analysis. The proposed SVM-based authorship detection model is especially suited for automatic literary analysis, which underscores its potential for broader literary studies.
Dynamic Modeling and Output Characteristics Analysis of the Hub-Drive Reduction System
Authors: Li Fang , Jiao Haoyu , Zhang Jianrun , Fu Qidi
Published: February 2025

Mining dump trucks play an important role in engineering construction and resource extraction. Current research mainly focuses on the dynamic modeling and reliability analysis of the vehicle frame, suspension and overall model. However, with the development of electric drive, the wheel hub system has become an important component in mining truck equipment. This paper investigates the multi-body modeling of a mining truck’s hub drive reduction system in order to analyze its output characteristics including the stability of the angular velocity of its planetary carriers and the fluctuations in its meshing forces. A bench experiment was also conducted to verify the accuracy and stability of the proposed modeling. And the simulation results revealed that the fluctuations in the angular velocity of the planetary carriers were primarily influenced by the excitation from the hub motor’s input and the meshing forces between the gears of the reducers, which were mainly determined by the contact stiffness, damping, and clearance value during gear contact.
Dissipation Scaling with a Variable Cϵ Coefficient in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Wacławczyk Marta , Nzotungishaka Jackson , Jędrejko Paweł , Sarkar Joydeep , Malinowski Szymon P.
Published: February 2025

This work concerns the Taylor formula for the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. The formula relates the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate to statistics at large scales, namely, the turbulence kinetic energy and the integral length scale. In parameterization schemes for atmospheric turbulence, it is usually assumed that the dissipation coefficient Cϵ in the Taylor formula is constant. However, a series of recent theoretical works and laboratory experiments showed that Cϵ depends on the local Reynolds number. We calculate turbulence statistics, including the dissipation rate, the standard deviation of fluctuating velocities and integral length scales, using observational data from the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition. We show that the dissipation coefficient Cϵ varies considerably and is a function of the Reynolds number, however, the functional form of this dependency in the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer is different than in previous studies.
Correction: Lana et al. Evolution and Innovations in Bone Marrow Cellular Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Tracing the Historical Trajectory and Contemporary Advances. Bioengineering 2024, 11, 979
Authors: Lana José Fábio , de Brito Gabriela Caponero , Kruel André , Brito Benjamim , Santos Gabriel Silva , Caliari Carolina , Salamanna Francesca , Sartori Maria , Barbanti Brodano Giovanni , Costa Fábio Ramos , Jeyaraman Madhan , Dallo Ignácio , Bernaldez Pedro , Purita Joseph , Andrade Marco Antonio Percope de , Everts Peter Albert
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Early Outcomes of Right Ventricular Pressure and Volume Overload in an Ovine Model
Authors: Al Hussein Hamida , Al Hussein Hussam , Harpa Marius Mihai , Ghiragosian Simina Elena Rusu , Gurzu Simona , Cordos Bogdan , Sircuta Carmen , Puscas Alexandra Iulia , Anitei David Emanuel , Lefter Cynthia , Suciu Horatiu , Simionescu Dan , Brinzaniuc Klara
Published: February 2025

Right ventricular (RV) failure is a common complication in multiple congenital heart disease (CHD), significantly increasing morbidity and mortality. Despite its impact, no therapies specifically target the failing RV. The growing population of CHD patients underscores the need to understand the pathophysiology of RV failure through preclinical research. This study aimed to develop an ovine model of RV failure induced by pressure and volume overload. A total of 14 juvenile sheep randomly underwent pulmonary artery banding (n = 6), pulmonary leaflet perforation (n = 4), and pulmonary annulotomy with transannular patching (TAP) (n = 4). Detailed anesthetic and surgical protocols were described, and intraoperative and early postoperative complications were evaluated. Acute RV pressure overload resulted in a 120% increase in RV pressure (p = 0.0312). The stroke volume index and cardiac index significantly declined (p = 0.0312), and there was a significant decrease in ScvO2 (p = 0.0312). Both TAP and leaflet perforation achieved moderate-to-severe pulmonary regurgitation. Both procedures led to an incremental trend in RV pressures and resulted in a 24% increase in the stroke volume index. All techniques demonstrated safety and feasibility, with low mortality. This comprehensive model could be reproducible in other large animal models, offering a robust platform for preclinical research into CHD-RV failure models.
The mTOR Signaling Pathway: Key Regulator and Therapeutic Target for Heart Disease
Authors: Wang Jieyu , Huang Yuxuan , Wang Zhaoxia , Liu Jing , Liu Zhijian , Yang Jinfeng , He Zuping
Published: February 2025

Heart disease, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyopathy, remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a centrally regulated kinase that governs key cellular processes, including growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Notably, mTOR plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular health and disease, particularly in the onset and progression of cardiac conditions. In this review, we discuss mTOR’s structure and function as well as the regulatory mechanisms of its associated signaling pathways. We focus on the molecular mechanisms by which mTOR signaling regulates cardiac diseases and the potential of mTOR inhibitors and related regulatory drugs in preventing these conditions. We conclude that the mTOR signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic target for heart disease.
Visualization of Atherosclerotic Plaques Paired with Joheksol 350 (Omnipaque)
Authors: Wańczura Piotr , Mytych Wiktoria , Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota , Leksa Dawid , Truszkiewicz Adrian , Aebisher David
Published: February 2025

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death around the globe. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory blood vessel disease that takes years to develop, is its primary cause. Instability and further plaque buildup are caused by chronic inflammation, which creates the conditions for possible rupture. The visualization of arterial lesions in situ can enhance understanding of atherosclerosis progression and potentially improve experimental therapies. Conventional histology methods for assessing atherosclerotic lesions are robust but are destructive and may prevent further tissue analysis. Objectives: The objective of the current study was to evaluate a novel, nondestructive method for the visualization and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions. Methods and Results: Thus, we tested the hypothesis that MRI paired with an iodine-based radiopaque stain would effectively characterize atherosclerotic plaques in a manner comparable to routine histology while maintaining sample integrity and providing whole-volume data.
Retinopathy of Prematurity and MicroRNAs
Authors: Albanese Giuseppe Maria , Visioli Giacomo , Alisi Ludovico , Armentano Marta , Giovannetti Francesca , Lucchino Luca , Marenco Marco , Pontecorvi Paola , Gharbiya Magda
Published: February 2025

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of blindness in preterm infants, arises from dysregulated angiogenesis and inflammation. Without timely intervention, ROP can progress to severe outcomes, including dense fibrovascular plaques and retinal detachment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate key pathways such as hypoxia response, VEGF signaling, and vascular remodeling. Studies have identified miRNAs (e.g., miR-210, miR-146a, and miR-21) as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Preclinical evidence supports miRNA-based therapies (e.g., miR-18a-5p and miR-181a), targeting HIF-1α and VEGFA to mitigate neovascularization, with nanoparticle delivery systems enhancing stability and specificity. These strategies, combined with anti-VEGF agents, show significant potential for improving ROP management. While promising, miRNA therapies require validation in clinical trials to ensure safety and efficacy. This review discusses the role of miRNAs in ROP, highlighting their relevance as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Could Be a Linking Biomarker Between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases
Authors: Song Jiwon , Ok Soo-Min , Kwon Eun-Young , Kim Hyun-Joo , Lee Ju-Youn , Joo Ji-Young
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) levels and the severity of periodontitis in systemically healthy individuals. Additionally, the study examines whether non-surgical periodontal treatment can reduce FABP4 levels, establishing its potential as a biomarker linking periodontitis to systemic diseases. Methods: A total of 89 participants with stage I, II, or III periodontitis were recruited, excluding individuals with systemic diseases. Clinical parameters such as clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and gingival index (GI) were recorded. Serum FABP4 levels and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) antibody titers were measured before and after periodontal treatment using ELISA kits. Statistical analysis included t-tests, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression to assess changes in FABP4 levels and their association with clinical parameters. Results: FABP4 and P. gingivalis antibody titers significantly increased with the severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001). After non-surgical periodontal treatment, FABP4 levels significantly decreased across all stages of periodontitis. Moderate positive correlations were observed between FABP4 and CAL, PD, GI, and P. gingivalis antibody titers (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that FABP4 levels increased significantly with the progression of periodontitis, independent of age and sex. Conclusions: The study indicates that FABP4 is a potential biomarker for linking periodontitis to systemic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Non-surgical periodontal treatment reduced FABP4 levels, potentially contributing to the improvement of systemic conditions associated with elevated FABP4. Further research should explore the role of FABP4 in patients with periodontitis and systemic diseases to strengthen its clinical relevance.
Relationship Between Brain Insulin Resistance, Carbohydrate Consumption, and Protein Carbonyls, and the Link Between Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Fat Consumption, and Malondialdehyde
Authors: Salazar-Hernández Elena , Bahena-Cuevas Oscar Ezequiel , Mendoza-Bello Juan Miguel , Barragán-Bonilla Martha Isela , Sánchez-Alavez Manuel , Espinoza-Rojo Mónica
Published: February 2025

The consumption of a high-fat (HFD) or high-carbohydrate/low-fat (LFD) diet is related to insulin resistance; however, central and peripheral alterations can occur independently. In this study, the timeline of insulin resistance was determined while taking into consideration the role of diet in oxidative damage. Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain whether a HFD or LFD induces peripheral insulin resistance (PIR) before brain insulin resistance (BIR), and whether the timing of these alterations correlates with heightened oxidative damage markers in plasma, adipose tissue, and the cerebral cortex. Methodology and Results: Three-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with a HFD, LFD, or standard diet for 1, 2, or 3 months. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed to determine PIR, and the hypothalamic thermogenic response to insulin was used to determine their BIR status. For oxidative damage, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the protein carbonyl group (PCO) and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated in plasma, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and the cerebral cortex. PIR occurred at 3 months of the HFD, but MDA levels in the white adipose tissue increased at 2 months. BIR occurred at 1 and 2 months of the LFD, but the enzymatic activity of GSH-Px was lower at 1 month and the amount of the PCO increased at 2 months. Conclusions: The intake of a HFD or LFD of different durations can influence the establishment of PIR or BIR, and oxidative damage in the fat tissue and cerebral cortex can play an important role.
The Impact of Career Education Participation on Academic Self-Efficacy: The Sequential Mediating Role of Career Adaptability and Learning Engagement
Authors: Pang Chunmin , Xie Ruiqin , Kang Nan , Hu Zhongfeng
Published: February 2025

In order to clarify the mechanism of how career education impacts academic self-efficacy among Chinese senior high school students, data from 848 senior high school students in China (Mage = 16.88, SDage = 3.56) were obtained in this study. The goal was to test the independent and sequential mediating effects of career adaptability and learning engagement in the relationship between career education participation and academic self-efficacy. This study revealed that participation in career education significantly enhances academic self-efficacy. Specifically, career adaptability and learning engagement act as sequential mediators in the relationship between career education participation and academic self-efficacy. This study reveals one potential mechanism of how career education participation in schools impacts adolescent academic self-efficacy; the insights presented here have significant implications for the design of educational interventions.
The Aesthetic Imagery of Traditional Garden Door and Window Forms: A Case Study of the Four Major Traditional Gardens of Lingnan
Authors: Wang Zhongwei , Zheng Ruyue , Tang Jian , Wang Shaobin , He Xubo
Published: February 2025

Traditional Lingnan gardens, one of the three major types of Chinese garden design, have evolved over nearly a millennium, embodying the distinctive craftsmanship and aesthetic sensibilities of the Lingnan region. The architectural elements of doors and windows in these gardens serve as key expressions of regional cultural identity. This study focuses on four renowned Lingnan gardens (e.g., Yuyin Garden in Guangzhou, Liang Garden in Foshan, Qinghui Garden in Shunde, and Ke Garden in Dongguan) as primary case studies to examine the typologies, decorative characteristics, and aesthetic qualities of their doors and windows. Based on aesthetic imagery, the research elucidates both the functional and structural principles governing these designs, while also exploring their aesthetic resonance with traditional Chinese arts, such as calligraphy, painting, and poetry. By deepening the theoretical understanding of the formal and artistic features of Lingnan garden doors and windows, this study contributes to advancing the scholarly discourse on traditional garden architecture and supports the ongoing cultural preservation of this important heritage.
Case Studies on Construction Defects in Civil Construction: Evidence and Possible Solutions
Authors: Sassu Mauro , Ariu Matteo , Doveri Fabio , Ferrini Martina
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the occurrence of construction defects, particularly those due to water penetration in buildings. The considered defects mainly originated from improper management of validation checks during the design or execution phases. From a technical point of view, validation checks are valuable tools for public administrations to mitigate litigation and construction defects during or after building and infrastructure work. A large proportion of defects are due to rigid design procedures, which require technical specialists to address specific issues (architectural, structural, material, etc.), and the main problems are often caused by a lack of coordination. Another frequent cause of defects is the sequence of planning stages (preliminary, final, and executive in Italian regulation), and different technicians may manage the same design, sometimes with different tender procedures. In other cases, the contradictory requirements imposed by various regulatory authorities (fire corps, agency for the management of artistic heritage, etc.) create conflicts and lead to wrong technical decisions through attempts to fulfill contradictory requests. An independent technical board, such as a team of validators, is therefore able to help the regulatory authority, reducing the risks of errors during the design process and avoiding litigation during construction phases. Several approaches to validation are presented, from “best practice” to “prescriptive validation”. An analysis of four examples of litigation due to relevant defects is shown and discussed, where a lack of coordination and the absence of real validation checks are the main causes of litigation. A discussion of these examples provides indications and suggestions for strategies to mitigate the occurrence of construction defects.
DDX21 Controls Cell Cycle Progression and Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Leccese Adriana , Ruta Veronica , Panzeri Valentina , Attili Fabia , Spada Cristiano , Cianfanelli Valentina , Sette Claudio
Published: February 2025

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal cancer. Late diagnosis and acquisition of chemoresistance contribute to its dismal prognosis. While surgical resection improved the clinical outcome of patients, only ~20% of them are eligible due to advanced disease at diagnosis. Thus, the development of new therapeutic approaches is a master priority for an improved management of this cancer. The helicase DDX21 was proposed as a prognostic marker in several tumors, including PDAC. Methods: DDX21 expression was evaluated in PDAC samples and cell lines; RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of DDX21-depleted PANC-1 silenced cells; functional analyses of autophagy, cell cycle and proliferation. Results: DDX21 is expressed at higher levels in liver metastasis of PDAC patients. Transcriptomics analyses of DDX21-depleted cells revealed an enrichment in genes involved in autophagy and cell cycle progression. The inactivation of DDX21 by RNA interference enhanced the basal autophagic flux and altered the cell cycle by reducing the rate of G1-S transition. Coherently, PDAC cell proliferation and clonogenic activity was significantly reduced. Conclusions: Our results support the oncogenic role of DDX21 in PDAC and uncover a new role for this helicase in the regulation of basal autophagy.
Novel AlCo2O4/MWCNTs Nanocomposites for Efficient Degradation of Reactive Yellow 160 Dye: Characterization, Photocatalytic Efficiency, and Reusability
Authors: Ahmad Junaid , Ikhlaq Amir , Raashid Muhammad , Ikhlaq Uzma , Qazi Umair Yaqub , Masood Hafiz Tariq , Hussain Tousif , Kazmi Mohsin , Ramzan Naveed , Naeem Asma , Aly Hassan Ashraf , Qi Fei , Javaid Rahat
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this work was to consider the decolorization efficiency of reactive yellow 160 (Ry-160) dye utilizing cobalt aluminum oxide (AlCo2O4)-anchored Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (AlCo2O4/MWCNTs) nanocomposites as catalysts for the first time in a photocatalytic process under natural sunlight irradiation. The compositional, morphological, and functional group analyses of AlCo2O4 and AlCo2O4/MWCNTs were performed by utilizing Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, respectively. A UV-Vis (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer was used to investigate degradation efficiency. The results exhibited a reduction in the optical bandgap for AlCo2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposites as catalysts from 1.5 to 1.3 eV compared with pure spinel AlCo2O4 nanocomposites. AlCo2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposites showed excellent photocatalytic behavior, and around 96% degradation of Ry-160 dye was observed in just 20 min under natural sunlight, showing first-order kinetics with rate constant of 0.151 min−1. The results exhibited outstanding stability and reusability for AlCo2O4/MWCNTs by maintaining more than 90% photocatalytic efficiency even after seven successive operational cycles. The betterment of the photocatalytic behavior of AlCo2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposites as compared to AlCo2O4 nanocomposites owes to the first-rate storage capacity of electrons in MWCNTs, due to which the catalyst became an excellent electron acceptor. Furthermore, the permeable structure of MWCNTs results in a greater surface area leading to the onset of more active sites, and, in turn, it also boosts conductivity and reduces the formation of agglomerates on the surface of catalysts, which inhibits e−/h+ pair recombination. Concisely, the synthesis of a novel AlCo2O4/MWCNTs catalyst with excellent and fast photocatalytic activity was the aim of this study.