bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated tracking of level of consciousness and delirium in critical illness using deep learning
Authors: Sun Haoqi , Kimchi Eyal , Akeju Oluwaseun , Nagaraj Sunil B. , McClain Lauren M. , Zhou David W. , Boyle Emily , Zheng Wei-Long , Ge Wendong , Westover M. Brandon
Published: September 2019

Over- and under-sedation are common in the ICU, and contribute to poor ICU outcomes including delirium. Behavioral assessments, such as Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) for monitoring levels of sedation and Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) for detecting signs of delirium, are often used. As an alternative, brain monitoring with electroencephalography (EEG) has been proposed in the operating room, but is challenging to implement in ICU due to the differences between critical illness and elective surgery, as well as the duration of sedation. Here we present a deep learning model based on a combination of convolutional and recurrent neural networks that automatically tracks both the level of consciousness and delirium using frontal EEG signals in the ICU. For level of consciousness, the system achieves a median accuracy of 70% when allowing prediction to be within one RASS level difference across all patients, which is comparable or higher than the median technician–nurse agreement at 59%. For delirium, the system achieves an AUC of 0.80 with 69% sensitivity and 83% specificity at the optimal operating point. The results show it is feasible to continuously track level of consciousness and delirium in the ICU.
Systematic acute and subchronic toxicity evaluation of polysaccharide–protein complex-functionalized selenium nanoparticles with anticancer potency
Authors: Zhang Zehang , Du Yanxin , Liu Ting , Wong Ka-Hing , Chen Tianfeng
Published: September 2019

Herein we provide a strategy for facile and large-scale manufacturing of SeNPs with reduced toxicity and enhanced anticancer activity via oral administration through the regulation of the surface properties.
Graphdiyne applied for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: He Jianjiang , Li Xiaodong , Lu Tiantian , Shen Xiangyan , Wang Ning , Huang Changshui
Published: September 2019

Fantastic characteristics originate from the unique chemical and electronic structure endow GDY with a bright future for applications in electrochemical energy storage.
Highly efficient room-temperature phosphorescence achieved by gadolinium complexes
Authors: Sun Boxun , Wei Chen , Wei Huibo , Cai Zelun , Liu Huanyu , Zang Zhiyu , Yan Wenchao , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Huang Chunhui
Published: September 2019

Highly efficient room-temperature phosphorescence achieved by employing gadolinium complexes, with emission color from blue to orange.
Photofunctions of iridium(iii) complexes in vesicles: long-lived excited states and visible-light sensitization for hydrogen evolution in aqueous solution
Authors: Sebata Shinogu , Takizawa Shin-ya , Ikuta Naoya , Murata Shigeru
Published: September 2019

Utilization of DPPC vesicles allows water-insoluble photoactive Ir(iii) complexes to be dispersed in bulk aqueous solution.
Elucidating the secondary effect in the Lewis acid mediated anodic shift of electrochemical oxidation of a Cu(ii) complex with a N2O2 donor unsymmetrical ligand
Authors: Maity Souvik , Ghosh Soumavo , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: September 2019

The causes behind the fluctuations from a linear dependence of the electrochemical signal of a guest bound metalloligand [CuL] with the Lewis acidity of redox-inactive cations were established by using UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
Leveraging electrochemistry to uncover the role of nitrogen in the biological reactivity of nitrogen-doped graphene
Authors: Wang Yan , Aquino de Carvalho Nathalia , Tan Susheng , Gilbertson Leanne M.
Published: September 2019

Electrochemical techniques are leveraged to probe the influence of N-bonding types on the bioactivity of nitrogen-doped graphene, with graphitic-N identified to be the active site for oxidative stress-related bioactivity.
Transition-metal-free decarboxylative halogenation of 2-picolinic acids with dihalomethane under oxygen conditions
Authors: Zhang Xitao , Feng Xiujuan , Zhang Haixia , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming
Published: September 2019

The reaction of 2-picolinic acids with dihalomethane proceeded smoothly via N-chlorocarbene intermediates to afford 2-halogen-substituted pyridines in satisfactory to excellent yields under oxygen conditions.
The role of nanoparticle size and ligand coverage in size focusing of colloidal metal nanoparticles
Authors: Mozaffari Saeed , Li Wenhui , Dixit Mudit , Seifert Soenke , Lee Byeongdu , Kovarik Libor , Mpourmpakis Giannis , Karim Ayman M.
Published: September 2019

In situSAXS and population balance modeling (PBM) are used to discover the mechanism(s) of size focusing during Pd nanoparticle synthesis.
Atomic layer deposition of palladium nanoparticles on a functional electrospun poly-cyclodextrin nanoweb as a flexible and reusable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds
Authors: Topuz Fuat , Uyar Tamer
Published: September 2019

The production of a Pd nanoparticle-decorated electrospun poly-cyclodextrin nanoweb by atomic layer deposition for its use in the reduction of nitroaromatics.
Correction: In search of bioinspired hydrogels from amphiphilic peptides: a template for nanoparticle stabilization for the sustained release of anticancer drugs
Authors: Mehra Radha Rani , Tiwari Priyanka , Basu Anindya , DuttKonar Anita
Published: September 2019

Correction for ‘In search of bioinspired hydrogels from amphiphilic peptides: a template for nanoparticle stabilization for the sustained release of anticancer drugs’ by Radha Rani Mehra et al., New J. Chem., 2019, 43, 11666–11678.
Side-chain deuterated cholesterol as a molecular probe to determine membrane order and cholesterol partitioning
Authors: Hanashima Shinya , Ibata Yuki , Watanabe Hirofumi , Yasuda Tomokazu , Tsuchikawa Hiroshi , Murata Michio
Published: September 2019

24dCho, which perfectly retains the cholesterol's membrane properties, was developed to examine cholesterol's interactions and membrane partitions using solid state 2H NMR.
CO2 activation by electrogenerated divalent samarium for aryl halide carboxylation
Authors: Bazzi Sakna , Le Duc Gaëtan , Schulz Emmanuelle , Gosmini Corinne , Mellah Mohamed
Published: September 2019

The first combination of samarium and electrochemistry towards the effective reduction of CO2 for the synthesis of benzoic acids from aryl halides.
A titin inspired stress-memory polymer acts as a muscle
Authors: Zhu Shanshan , Hu Jinlian
Published: September 2019

Titin inspired, redox-induced, enthalpy-controlled stress-memory polyurethane with muscle isometric contraction was demonstrated.
Ultra-small dispersed CuxO nanoparticles on graphene fibers for miniaturized electrochemical sensor applications
Authors: Zeng Jinfeng , Ding Xiaoteng , Chen Liwei , Jiao Le , Wang Yuze , Windle Christopher D. , Han Qing , Qu Liangti
Published: September 2019

A graphene microfiber modified with ultrafine CuxO nanoparticles (CuxONPs/GF) is fabricated by direct annealing of electrodeposited nano-sized copper-based metal–organic frameworks (HKUST-1) and used as an electrode for nonenzymatic H2O2 sensing.
Biocatalytically active microgels by precipitation polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide in the presence of an enzyme
Authors: Reinicke Stefan , Fischer Thilo , Bramski Julia , Pietruszka Jörg , Böker Alexander
Published: September 2019

Precipitation polymerization of NIPAm in the presence of an enzyme and a protein-binding comonomer as a simple and versatile immobilization protocol.
High performance self-charging supercapacitors using a porous PVDF-ionic liquid electrolyte sandwiched between two-dimensional graphene electrodes
Authors: Sahoo Surjit , Krishnamoorthy Karthikeyan , Pazhamalai Parthiban , Mariappan Vimal Kumar , Manoharan Sindhuja , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: September 2019

A novel SCSPC device comprising two-dimensional graphene sheets as electrodes for energy storage and porous PVDF incorporated TEABF4 electrolyte as a solid-like piezo-polymer separator.
Electron trapping and extraction kinetics on carrier diffusion in metal halide perovskite thin films
Authors: Kang Gyeongho , Yoon Jun-Sik , Kim Guan-Woo , Choi Kyoungwon , Park Taiho , Baek Rock-Hyun , Lim Jongchul
Published: September 2019

An advanced transient optoelectronic method for time-resolved photoluminescence is developed; it is highly applicable and enables the accurate investigation of charge carrier diffusion in metal halide perovskite thin films.
Direct immobilization of an atomically dispersed Pt catalyst by suppressing heterogeneous nucleation at −40 °C
Authors: Huang Kai , Wang Ruyue , Wu Hongbo , Wang Hao , He Xian , Wei Hehe , Wang Shanpeng , Zhang Ru , Lei Ming , Guo Wei , Ge Binghui , Wu Hui
Published: September 2019

Direct deposition of isolated metal atoms onto substrates has been recognized as a simple route to obtain high performance supported atomically dispersed metals (SACs), however, the agglomeration driven by high surface energy is difficult to avoid.
Self-supported tripod-like nickel phosphide nanowire arrays for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Yue , Liu Lina , Zhang Xiao , Yan Feng , Zhu Chunling , Chen Yujin
Published: September 2019

Self-supported tripod-like nickel phosphide nanowire arrays were fabricated through a novel strategy for hydrogen evolution and exhibited excellent activity and stability, superior to the benchmark Pt/C catalyst.
Energy storage on demand: ultra-high-rate and high-energy-density inkjet-printed NiO micro-supercapacitors
Authors: Giannakou Pavlos , Masteghin Mateus G. , Slade Robert C. T. , Hinder Steven J. , Shkunov Maxim
Published: September 2019

A NiO nanoparticle-based, inkjet-printable ink and a saturated magnesium perchlorate aqueous gel electrolyte with 1.5 V voltage window were developed and used to fabricate high performance micro-supercapacitors through inkjet printing technology.
An ultrathin defect-rich Co3O4 nanosheet cathode for high-energy and durable aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Lu Yongzhuang , Wang Jing , Zeng Siqi , Zhou Lijun , Xu Wei , Zheng Dezhou , Liu Jie , Zeng Yinxiang , Lu Xihong
Published: September 2019

A facile solvothermal reduction strategy is demonstrated to introduce oxygen defects into ultrathin Co3O4 nanosheets (R–Co3O4), which function as an advanced cathode for Zn//Co batteries.
An overview of stretchable strain sensors from conductive polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Jianwen , Yu Qunli , Cui Xihua , Dong Mengyao , Zhang Jiaoxia , Wang Chao , Fan Jincheng , Zhu Yutian , Guo Zhanhu
Published: September 2019

This review paper summarizes the categories, sensing mechanisms, and affecting factors of flexible conductive polymer composite-based stretchable strain sensors.
Transition from nonvolatile bipolar memory switching to bidirectional threshold switching in layered MoO3 nanobelts
Authors: Du Huiying , Chen Jinghong , Tu Meilin , Luo Songwen , Li Shangdong , Yuan Shuoguo , Gong Tianxun , Huang Wen , Jie Wenjing , Hao Jianhua
Published: September 2019

The transition from bipolar memory switching to bidirectional threshold switching in layered MoO3 nanobelts via changing electrodes from Au to Ag.
Room-temperature phosphorescence-to-phosphorescence mechanochromism of a metal-free organic 1,2-diketone
Authors: Tani Yosuke , Terasaki Morihisa , Komura Mao , Ogawa Takuji
Published: September 2019

An organic 1,2-diketone with intramolecular chalcogen bonding overcomes the room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) quenching problem on amorphization, representing the first RTP-to-RTP mechanochromism of a metal-free organic molecule.
Circ-0000284 arouses malignant phenotype of cholangiocarcinoma cells and regulates the biological functions of peripheral cells through cellular communication
Authors: Wang Shuming , Hu Yilin , Lv Xiurui , Li Bin , Gu Dianhua , Li Yang , Sun Yong , Su Yang
Published: September 2019

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in cancers. Accumulated evidences showed that the physiological condition of cells can be reflected by the circRNAs in the exosomes they secrete, and these exosomal circRNAs can be captured by the receptor cells, thereby inducing a series of cellular responses. We performed qRT-PCR to detect the expression level of circ-0000284 in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, tissues and plasma exosomes. Then the direct interaction between circ-0000284 and miR-637 was investigated through dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. Subsequently, EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine), migration, invasion assay, flow cytometry and nude mouse tumorigenicity assay were adopted to evaluate the effect of circ-0000284 on migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Additionally, TEM was conducted to investigate the shape and size of exosomes from cholangiocarcioma and 293T cell lines. Circ-0000284 was evidently elevated in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, tumor tissues and plasma exosomes. Meanwhile, the high expression of circ-0000284 enhanced the migration, invasion and proliferation abilities of cholangiocarcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Besides, the levels of circ-0000284 were increased in cholangiocarcinoma cells and exosomes from them. Moreover, exosomes from cholangiocarcinoma cells enhanced circ-0000284 expression and stimulated migration and proliferation of the surrounding normal cells. Our findings suggest that on the one hand circ-0000284 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression, and on the other hand, circ-0000284 can be directly transferred from cholangiocarcinoma cells to surrounding normal cells via exosomes and in this way regulate the biological functions of surrounding normal cells.
Project management in a competitive environment: interdicting a CPM based project and its implications
Authors: Kasimoğlu Fatih , Akgün İbrahim
Published: September 2019

There are two opponents in a classic network interdiction problem, network owner/defender and interdictor/attacker. Each side has enough information about the other’s possible courses of action. While the network user wishes to run the network in an optimal way, the attacker with the limited resources tries to prevent the optimal operation of the network by interdicting the arcs/nodes of the network. In this study, we investigate project management in a competitive environment using a network interdiction approach. We assume that the project owner/manager strives to minimize the completion time of a Critical Path Method (CPM) based project while an opponent attempts to maximize the minimum completion time by inflicting some delays on project activities with available interdiction resources. Considering both discrete and continuous delay times, we develop two bi-level mixed-integer programming models for the interdictor. Using duality, we then convert the bi-level models to standard single-level models, which are solvable through standard optimization packages. We extend these models to find efficient solutions in terms of project completion time and interdiction resources from the interdictor’s perspective. In this respect, we develop an algorithm to find an efficient solution set for the interdictor. Next, from project manager’s standpoint, we discuss the earliest and latest scheduling times of activities in case of interdiction. Finally, we apply the developed techniques in a marketing project aiming at introducing a new product. The findings may enhance a better project management in an environment where an opponent can adversely affect the project management process by delaying some activities.
Varikosis – invasive Therapie
Authors: Flessenkämper Ingo , Wienert Volker , Hartmann Karsten
Published: September 2019

Im ersten Artikel der Autoren zum Thema „Varikosis“ (Gefäßmed Scan 2018; 05: 129–142)
standen die Diagnostik und die konservative Therapie im Mittelpunkt. Im vorliegenden
Beitrag werden nun die unterschiedlichen invasiven Verfahren mit ihren Indikationen
vorgestellt und in den Kontext zu weiteren Techniken gestellt. Dem Arzt, der sich
für eine differenzierte, patientenorientierte Anwendung interessiert, soll damit
eine Übersicht angeboten werden.
Die neue S2k Leitlinie: Medizinische Kompressionstherapie der Extremitäten mit Medizinischem Kompressionsstrumpf (MKS), Phlebologischem Kompressionsverband (PKV) und Medizinischen adaptiven Kompressionssystemen (MAK)
Authors: Stücker Markus , Rabe Eberhard
Published: September 2019

Die neue Leitlinie zur Medizinischen Kompressionstherapie geht erstmalig zusammenfassend auf die unterschiedlichen Optionen der phlebologischen Kompressionstherapie ein. Dabei ordnet sie den PKV und die MAK primär der Entstauungsphase zu, MKS der Erhaltungsphase. Der Einsatz flach gestrickter MKS wird nicht einer bestimmten Diagnose, sondern bestimmten Befunden des Patienten zugeschrieben. Dabei ermöglicht die höhere Stiffness den Einsatz bei therapieresistenten Ödemen, die höhere Biegesteifigkeit bei Hautfalten und die Möglichkeit Maschen bei Flachstrickware individuell auf- oder abzunehmen, den Einsatz bei außergewöhnlichen Kaliberunterschieden der Beine. Zur Verbesserung der Adhärenz sollen bei MKS möglichst niedrige Kompressionsklassen verwendet werden. Beim PKV sind viele Aspekte zu berücksichtigen, woraus die Beschränkung des PKV auf die Entstauungsphase in dieser Leitlinie zurückzuführen ist. Stärker als bisher wird als Ziel der Kompressionstherapie die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität der Patienten hervorgehoben.
Cytotoxic Effects of Ferula Latisecta on Human Glioma U87 Cells
Authors: Jalili-Nik Mohammad , Sabri Hamed , Zamiri Ehsan , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Roshan Mostafa Karimi , Hosseini Azar , Mollazadeh Hamid , Vahedi Mohammad Mahdi , Afshari Amir R. , Mousavi Seyed Hadi
Published: September 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the fatal type of astrocytic tumors with a
survival rate of 12 months. The present study, for the first time, evaluated the
cytotoxic impacts of Ferula latisecta (F. latisecta)
hydroalcoholic extract on U87 GBM cell line. The MTT assay measured the cellular
toxicity following 24- and 48 h treatment with various doses of F.
latisecta (0–800 μg/mL). Apoptosis was
evaluated by an Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining 24 h
after treatment by F. latisecta. Moreover, to determine the cellular
metastasis of U87 cells, we used a gelatin zymography assay (matrix
metalloproteinase [MMP]-2/-9 enzymatic activity). The outcomes showed
that F. latisecta mitigated the viability of U87 cells in a
concentration- and time-dependent manner with IC50 values of 145.3
and 192.3 μg/mL obtained for 24- and 48 h
treatments, respectively. F. latisecta induced apoptosis in a
concentration-dependent manner after 24 h. Also, MMP-9 activity was
significantly decreased following 24 h after treatment
concentration-dependently with no change in MMP-2 enzymatic activity. This study
showed that F. latisecta induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and
mitigated metastasis of U87 GBM cells. Hence, F. latisecta could be
beneficial as a promising natural herb against GBM after further studies.
The nature and source of solar magnetic phenomena
Authors: Jarboe T. R. , Benedett T. E. , Everson C. J. , Hansen C. J. , Hossack A. C. , Morgan K. D. , Nelson B. A. , O'Bryan J. B. , Penna J. M. , Sutherland D. A.
Published: September 2019

The heliosphere appears to be powered by coaxial helicity injection from a negative helicity injector in the northern hemisphere and a positive one in the southern hemisphere. The injector magnetic flux for both is the measured solar polar magnetic flux, and the injector voltage is generated by a simple dynamo effect due to the differential rotation of the solar surface with the polar magnetic flux. The dynamo current is estimated from the solar motion that it causes. This current also appears to sustain a thin, shallow global magnetic structure over most of the solar surface that has the form of a 1D minimum energy state. The current channel appears to be destroyed and reformed every 11 years. The currents and magnetic fields reverse in this solar cycle. A brief discussion of surface phenomena observed during this cycle is given. Plasma self-organization is briefly discussed and used in this analysis of solar data. The magnetic phenomena discussed include torsional oscillations, the heat source for the chromosphere and the corona, filaments, meridional flow, the solar cycle, sunspots, CMEs, and flares.
Enhanced superconductivity in Bi2Se3/Nb heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Huachen , Li Hui , He Hongtao , Wang Jiannong
Published: September 2019

The superconducting proximity effect in topological insulator and superconductor heterostructures has aroused intensive research interest in the past decade. While many efforts have been made to investigate the induced superconductivity in topological insulators, the exploration of the effect of topological insulators on superconductors is comparatively rare. Here, we report the observation of an enhanced superconductivity in Bi2Se3/Nb heterostructures. The superconducting transition temperature and the critical field of Bi2Se3/Nb heterostructures are higher than those of the pristine Nb thin films. Such enhanced superconductivity is due to the improved superfluid stiffness in Nb thin films by proximity to the metallic Bi2Se3 flakes. Our findings will further advance the understanding of the superconducting proximity effect in the heterostructures.
Strain engineering in Ge/GeSn core/shell nanowires
Authors: Assali S. , Albani M. , Bergamaschini R. , Verheijen M. A. , Li A. , Kölling S. , Gagliano L. , Bakkers E. P. A. M. , Miglio L.
Published: September 2019

Strain engineering in Sn-rich group IV semiconductors is a key enabling factor to exploit the direct bandgap at mid-infrared wavelengths. Here, we investigate the effect of strain on the growth of GeSn alloys in a Ge/GeSn core/shell nanowire geometry by controlling the Ge core diameter and correlating the results with theoretical strain calculations. Incorporation of the Sn content in the 10–20 at. % range is achieved with Ge core diameters ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm. While the smaller cores lead to the formation of a regular and homogeneous GeSn shell, larger cores lead to the formation of multifaceted sidewalls and broadened segregation domains, inducing the nucleation of defects. This behavior is rationalized in terms of the different residual strain, as obtained by realistic finite element method simulations. The extended analysis of the strain relaxation as a function of core and shell sizes, in comparison with the conventional planar geometry, provides a deeper understanding of the role of strain in the epitaxy of metastable GeSn semiconductors.
A new and efficient numerical method for the fractional modeling and optimal control of diabetes and tuberculosis co-existence
Authors: Jajarmi Amin , Ghanbari Behzad , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: September 2019

The main objective of this research is to investigate a new fractional mathematical model involving a nonsingular derivative operator to discuss the clinical implications of diabetes and tuberculosis coexistence. The new model involves two distinct populations, diabetics and nondiabetics, while each of them consists of seven tuberculosis states: susceptible, fast and slow latent, actively tuberculosis infection, recovered, fast latent after reinfection, and drug-resistant. The fractional operator is also considered a recently introduced one with Mittag–Leffler nonsingular kernel. The basic properties of the new model including non-negative and bounded solution, invariant region, and equilibrium points are discussed thoroughly. To solve and simulate the proposed model, a new and efficient numerical method is established based on the product-integration rule. Numerical simulations are presented, and some discussions are given from the mathematical and biological viewpoints. Next, an optimal control problem is defined for the new model by introducing four control variables reducing the number of infected individuals. For the control problem, the necessary and sufficient conditions are derived and numerical simulations are given to verify the theoretical analysis.
Percept-related EEG classification using machine learning approach and features of functional brain connectivity
Authors: Hramov Alexander E. , Maksimenko Vladimir , Koronovskii Alexey , Runnova Anastasiya E. , Zhuravlev Maxim , Pisarchik Alexander N. , Kurths Jürgen
Published: September 2019

Machine learning is a promising approach for electroencephalographic (EEG) trials classification. Its efficiency is largely determined by the feature extraction and selection techniques reducing the dimensionality of input data. Dimensionality reduction is usually implemented via the mathematical approaches (e.g., principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, etc.) regardless of the origin of analyzed data. We hypothesize that since EEG features are determined by certain neurophysiological processes, they should have distinctive characteristics in spatiotemporal domain. If so, it is possible to specify the set of EEG principal features based on the prior knowledge about underlying neurophysiological processes. To test this hypothesis, we consider the classification of EEG trials related to the perception of ambiguous visual stimuli. We observe that EEG features, underlying the different ambiguous stimuli interpretations, are defined by the network properties of neuronal activity. Having analyzed functional neural interactions, we specify the brain area in which neural network architecture exhibits differences for different classes of EEG trials. We optimize the feedforward multilayer perceptron and develop a strategy for the training set selection to maximize the classification accuracy, being 85% when all channels are used. The revealed localization of the percept-related features allows about 95% accuracy, when the number of channels is reduced up to 90%. Obtained results can be used for classification of EEG trials associated with more complex cognitive tasks. Taking into account that cognitive activity is subserved by a distributed functional cortical network, its topological properties have to be considered when selecting optimal features for EEG trial classification.
Finite dust clusters under strong magnetic fields
Authors: Melzer A. , Krüger H. , Schütt S. , Mulsow M.
Published: September 2019

Experiments on dust clusters trapped in the sheath of a radio frequency discharge have been performed for different magnetic field strengths ranging from a few milliteslas to 5.8 T. The dynamics of the dust clusters are analyzed in terms of their normal modes. From that, various dust properties such as the kinetic temperature, the dust charge, and the screening length are derived. It is found that the kinetic temperature of the cluster rises with the magnetic field, whereas the dust charge nearly remains constant. The screening length increases slightly at intermediate magnetic field strengths. Generally, the dust properties seem to correlate with magnetization parameters of the plasma electrons and ions, however only to a small degree.
UV-induced conformational isomerization and photochemistry of 3-chloro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde in cryogenic inert matrices
Authors: Ogruc Ildiz G. , Konarska J. , Fausto R.
Published: September 2019

The interest in investigating the structure and reactivity of halogen- and methoxy-substituted benzaldehydes has been motivated by the practical relevance of these substances in various fields, from the fragrance industry to agrochemicals and drug manufacturing. In this study, 3-chloro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (3CMBA) was investigated by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations. Molecules of the compound were isolated in cryogenic argon and xenon matrices and the conformational composition of the as-deposited materials characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Two nearly degenerated conformers, differing by the orientation of the aldehyde group relatively to the chlorine ring substituent, were successfully trapped into the matrices from the room temperature vapor of the compound, the cis conformer being slightly higher in energy than the trans form. Both conformers belong to the Cs point group and have the methoxy group pointing to the opposite direction of the chlorine atom. The as-deposited matrices of 3CMBA were then irradiated by tunable monochromatic UV-light. Irradiation within the 302–299 nm range induced conversion of the cis into the trans conformer, while irradiation in the 298–296 nm range induced the inverse photoisomerization. Irradiation at higher energy (250 nm) was found to lead to decarbonylation of both conformers. Very interestingly, the observed UV-induced processes were found to take place in an essentially selective way as a function of the irradiation wavelength. In particular, the conformational isomerization reactions of 3CMBA occur with only a residual number of molecules undergoing simultaneous decarbonylation.
Enhancement-mode n-GaN gate p-channel heterostructure field effect transistors based on GaN/AlGaN 2D hole gas
Authors: Chen Fu , Hao Ronghui , Yu Guohao , Zhang Xiaodong , Song Liang , Wang Jinyan , Cai Yong , Zhang Baoshun
Published: September 2019

In this letter, E-mode n-GaN gate heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) utilizing polarization induced 2D hole gas (2DHG) have been proposed. It is found that the introduction of the n-GaN cap between the GaN channel layer and the gate metal can effectively deplete the 2DHG in the gate region, resulting in E-mode operation. The simulation results indicate that by adjusting the GaN channel thickness and n-GaN cap doping concentration, threshold voltage of the n-GaN gate p-channel HFETs can be more than |−1.5| V without sacrificing the ON-state current and the ON/OFF ratio, which is enabled to overcome the trade-off observed from conventional p-channel devices.
Effects of hole-boring and relativistic transparency on particle acceleration in overdense plasma irradiated by short multi-PW laser pulses
Authors: Yano Masahiro , Zhidkov Alexei , Koga James K. , Hosokai Tomonao , Kodama Ryosuke
Published: September 2019

Propagation of short and ultraintense laser pulses in a semi-infinite space of overdense hydrogen plasma is analyzed via fully relativistic, real geometry particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations including radiation friction. The relativistic transparency and hole-boring regimes are found to be sensitive to the transverse plasma field, backward light reflection, and laser pulse filamentation. For laser intensities approaching I ∼  1024 W/cm2, the direct laser acceleration of protons, along with ion Coulomb explosion, results in their injection into the acceleration phase of the compressed electron wave at the front of the laser pulses. The protons are observed to be accelerated up to 10–20 GeV with densities around a few times the critical density. The effect qualitatively depends on initial density and laser intensity, disappearing with the initial density increase or intensity decrease.
Atomistic simulations provide theoretical mechanism for Diels-Alder reaction
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: September 2019

Force fields and neural networks point to significance of rotations in a simulated reaction between gaseous dibromobutadiene and maleic anhydride.
Trends in key soil parameters under conservation agriculture-based sustainable intensification farming practices in the Eastern Ganga Alluvial Plains
Authors: Sinha A. K. , Ghosh A. , Dhar T. , Bhattacharya P. M. , Mitra B. , Rakesh S. , Paneru P. , Shrestha S. R. , Manandhar S. , Beura K. , Dutta S. , Pradhan A. K. , Rao K. K. , Hossain Akbar , Siddquie N. , Molla M. S. H. , Chaki A. K. , Gathala M. K. , Islam M. S. , Dalal R. C. , Gaydon D. S. , Laing A. M. , Menzies N. W.
Published: September 2019

Key soil parameters, organic matter, soil pH and plant nutrients determine the capacity of a soil to sustain plant and animal productivity. Conservation agriculture (CA) and crop diversification or intensification may change these soil parameters positively or negatively, which eventually affect long-term sustainability. We monitored these key soil properties (at depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm) under CA-based sustainable intensification practices: zero-till (ZT), and crop residue retention, and crop rotations on Inceptisols and Entisols in the Eastern Ganga Alluvial Plains from 2014 to 2017. The rainfall of this sub-tropical region is 1273–3201 mm. Soil organic carbon (C) ranged within 0.46–1.13% and generally followed (positive) rainfall gradients. At all sites, the soil under ZT tended to have higher organic C than conventional tillage (CT). Soil pHH2O ranged within 5.7–7.8 across the region. At all sites, soil pH generally decreased under ZT compared to CT. This was most marked at some acidic soil sites where pH decreased by up to 0.4 units; the lower the initial soil pH, the higher was the decrease in pH under ZT practice. In contrast, the reverse trend was observed for soil organic C. Partial nutrient balances for N, P and K in rice–wheat and rice–maize systems were positive for N and P (<50 kg ha–1) but negative for K (up to 90 kg ha–1) under both tillage practices; more so under ZT practice even though crop residues were retained. Changes under ZT provide an opportunity to maintain soil organic C. However, remediation measures such as liming and efficient use of fertilisers are required for long-term sustainability of the farming systems in this agriculturally important region of South Asia.
L80 pipe steel microstructure assessment using ultrasonic testing
Authors: Kennedy J. R. , Wiskel J. B. , Ivey D. G. , Henein H.
Published: September 2019

The potential exists to use ultrasonic shear velocity for real-time microstructure assessment of the quenching step in the heat treatment of L80 steel pipe. L80 steel samples were austenitised and subsequently cooled in different quench mediums (water, oil, heated oil, air and furnace) to produce microstructures ranging from primarily martensite to coarse ferrite/pearlite mixed structures. Following heat treatment, the samples were ultrasonically tested, tensile and hardness tested and metallographically examined. The shear wave velocity was observed to increase as the underlying microstructure of each sample changed from primarily martensite, to primarily bainite and finally to coarse ferrite + pearlite. The measured shear wave velocity exhibited an inverse linear dependence on both yield strength and microhardness.
Epistemic governance in local policy debates: The case of entitlement to early childhood education and care in Finland
Authors: Paananen Maiju , Alasuutari Maarit , Karila Kirsti , Siippainen Anna
Published: September 2019

In Finland, children below school age have enjoyed the right to attend subsidised full-time early childhood education and care (ECEC). However, the attendance rate in Finland is low in comparison to other Nordic countries. Furthermore, the entitlement was restricted to 20 h per week in 2016 unless the child’s parents work or study full-time or unless it is believed that the child will benefit from full-time ECEC. The debates concerning restrictions in ECEC entitlement in three municipal councils serve as the data for this study. By using the framework of epistemic governance, we identify three differing constructions of the ECEC’s societal functions in the municipal policy debates. The similarities and differences between these constructions aid us to understand recent changes in ECEC policies. This case illustrates how focusing on epistemic governance on local-level policy debates opens interesting insights in policy changes more generally.
A scalable quantum computing platform using symmetric-top molecules
Authors: Yu Phelan , Cheuk Lawrence W , Kozyryev Ivan , Doyle John M
Published: September 2019

We propose a new scalable platform for quantum computing (QC)—an array of optically trapped symmetric-top molecules (STMs) of the alkaline earth monomethoxide (MOCH3) family. Individual STMs form qubits, and the system is readily scalable to 100–1000 qubits. STM qubits have desirable features for QC compared to atoms and diatomic molecules. The additional rotational degree of freedom about the symmetric-top axis gives rise to closely spaced opposite parity K-doublets that allow full alignment at low electric fields, and the hyperfine structure naturally provides magnetically insensitive states with switchable electric dipole moments. These features lead to much reduced requirements for electric field control, provide minimal sensitivity to environmental perturbations, and allow for 2-qubit interactions that can be switched on at will. We examine in detail the internal structure of STMs relevant to our proposed platform, taking into account the full effective molecular Hamiltonian including hyperfine interactions, and identify useable STM qubit states. We then examine the effects of the electric dipolar interaction in STMs, which not only guide the design of high-fidelity gates, but also elucidate the nature of dipolar exchange in STMs. Under realistic experimental parameters, we estimate that the proposed QC platform could yield gate errors at the 10−3 level, approaching that required for fault-tolerant QC.
Photon-number parity of heralded single photons from a Bragg-reflection waveguide reconstructed loss-tolerantly via moment generating function
Authors: Laiho K , Schmidt M , Suchomel H , Kamp M , Höfling S , Schneider C , Beyer J , Weihs G , Reitzenstein S
Published: September 2019

Due to their strict photon-number correlation, the twin beams produced in parametric down-conversion (PDC) work well for heralded state generation. Often, however, this state manipulation is distorted by the optical losses in the herald and by the higher photon-number contributions inevitable in the PDC process. In order to find feasible figures of merit for characterizing the heralded states, we investigate their normalized factorial moments of the photon number that can be accessed regardless of the optical losses in the detection. We then perform a measurement of the joint photon statistics of twin beams from a semiconductor Bragg-reflection waveguide with transition-edge sensors acting as photon-number-resolving detectors. We extract the photon-number parity of heralded single photons in a loss-tolerant fashion by utilizing the moment generating function. The photon-number parity is highly practicable in quantum state characterization, since it takes into account the complete photon-number content of the target state.
Information and contact geometric description of expectation variables exactly derived from master equations
Authors: Goto Shin-itiro , Hino Hideitsu
Published: September 2019

In this paper a class of dynamical systems describing expectation variables exactly derived from continuous-time master equations is introduced and studied from the viewpoint of differential geometry, where such master equations consist of a set of appropriately chosen Markov kernels. To geometrize such dynamical systems for expectation variables, information geometry is used for expressing equilibrium states, and contact geometry is used for nonequilibrium states. Here time-developments of the expectation variables are identified with contact Hamiltonian vector fields on a contact manifold. Also, it is shown that the convergence rate of this dynamical system is exponential. Duality emphasized in information geometry is also addressed throughout.
A review of current research on spin currents and spin–orbit torques*
Authors: Feng Xiao-Yu , Zhang Qi-Han , Zhang Han-Wen , Zhang Yi , Zhong Rui , Lu Bo-Wen , Cao Jiang-Wei , Fan Xiao-Long
Published: September 2019

Spintronics is a new discipline focusing on the research and application of electronic spin properties. After the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect in 1988, spintronics has had a huge impact on scientific progress and related applications in the development of information technology. In recent decades, the main motivation in spintronics has been efficiently controlling local magnetization using electron flow or voltage rather than controlling the electron flow using magnetization. Using spin–orbit coupling in a material can convert a charge current into a pure spin current (a flow of spin momenta without a charge flow) and generate a spin–orbit torque on the adjacent ferromagnets. The ability of spintronic devices to utilize spin-orbit torques to manipulate the magnetization has resulted in large-scale developments such as magnetic random-access memories and has boosted the spintronic research area. Here in, we review the theoretical and experimental results that have established this subfield of spintronics. We introduce the concept of a pure spin current and spin-orbit torques within the experimental framework, and we review transport-, magnetization-dynamics-, and optical-based measurements and link then to both phenomenological and microscopic theories of the effect. The focus is on the related progress reported from Chinese universities and institutes, and we specifically highlight the contributions made by Chinese researchers.
Super (a, d)-H-antimagic total labeling of edge corona product on cycle with path graph and cycle with cycle graph
Authors: Permata Sari Arum , Sri Martini Titin , Yugi Kurniawan Vika
Published: September 2019

A simple graph G = (V(G), E(G)) admits a H-covering, where H is subgraph of G, if every edge in E(G) belongs to a subgraph of G that is isomorphic to H. An (a, d)-H-antimagic total labeling of G is a bijective function

ξ
:
V
(
G
)
∪
E
(
G
)
→

{

1
,
2
,
…
,

|

V
(
G
)

|

+

|

E
(
G
)

|

}

, such that for all subgraphs H’ isomorphic to H, the H’ weights w(H’) = ∑
v∈V(H’) ξ(v) + ∑
e∈E(H’) ξ(e) constitute an arithmetic progression a, a + d, a + 2d, …, a + (k – 1)d where a and d are positive integers and k is the number of subgraphs of G isomorphic to H. Such a labeling is called super if the smallest possible labels appear on the vertices. This research has found super (a, d)-H-antimagic total labeling of edge corona product of cycle and path denoted by Cm
◊ Pn
with H is P
2 ◊ Pn
and super (a, d)-P
2 ◊ Cn
-antimagic total labeling of Cm
◊ Cn
.
On H-supermagic labeling of friendship edge corona product with path and sun edge corona product with path
Authors: Noviati T , Martini T S , Indriati D
Published: September 2019

Let G be a simple, finite, connected and undirected graph with vertex set V and edge set E. Graph G admits an H-covering if every edge in E belongs to a subgraph of G isomorphic to H. Graph G is H− magic if there is a total labeling

f
:
V
(
G
)
∪
E
(
G
)
→

{

1
,
2
,
…
,

|

V
(
G
)

|

+

|

E
(
G
)

|

}

, such that each subgraph H′ = (V′, E′) of G isomorphic to H and satisfying

f

(
H
′
)

def

=

∑

υ
∈
V
(
H
′
)

f
(
υ
)

+

∑

e
∈
E
(
H
′
)

f
(
e
)
=
m
(
f
)

where m(f) is a constant magic sum. Additionaly, G admits H− supermagic if f(V ) = {1, 2, …, |V(G)|}. The edge corona product between graph G
1 and G
2 is a graph obtained by taking one copy of G
1 and |E(G
1)| copies of G
2 and then joining two end − vertices of the ith
edge of G
1 to every vertex in ith
copy of G
2. This research provides C
3 ◊ Pn
-supermagic labeling on fn
◊ Pn
and P
3 ◊ Pn
-supermagic labeling on Sn
◊ Pn
.
On Super (a, d) − H− Antimagic Total Labeling of Edge Corona Product and Corona Product of Gear Graph with Path and Cycle
Authors: Nistyawati R , Martini T S
Published: September 2019

Let graph G consisting of a set of vertices V (G) and a set of edges E(G) be a simple, finite and connected graph. Graph G admits a H− covering, if every edge in E(G) belongs to a subgraph of G that is isomorphic to H. An (a, d) − H− antimagic total labeling of G is a bijective function

ξ
:
V
(
G
)
∪
E
(
G
)
→

{

1
,
2
,
…
,

|

V
(
G
)

|

+

|

E
(
G
)

|

}

, such that for all subgraphs H’ that are isomorphic to H. The H− weights φ(H’) = ∑
v∈V(H’) ξ(v) + ∑
e∈E(H’) ξ(e) constitute an arithmetic progression a, a+d, a+2d, …, a+(k −1)d where a and d are positive integers and k is the number of subgraphs of G isomorphic to H. Moreover, if the smallest possible labels appear on the vertices, then we called G is super (a, d) − H− antimagic. This research aims to study super (a, d) − C
4 ʘ Pn
antimagic total labeling on Gm
◊ Pn
and super (a, d) − C
4 ◊ Cn
antimagic total labeling on Gm
◊ Cn
.
The local metric dimension of generalized broken fan graph and edge corona product of star graph and path graph
Authors: Khoiriah Silfiatul , Atmojo Kusmayadi Tri
Published: September 2019

Let G be a connected nontrivial graph. The distance between two vertices u and v in G is the length of the shortest u-v path, denoted by d(u, v). For an ordered set W = {w
1
, w
2
, …, wn
} of n vertices on G, the representation of a vertex v with respect to W is ordered pair r(v|W ) = (d(v, w
1), d(v, w
2), …, d(v, wn
)). W is local metric set of G if r(u|W ) ≠ r(v|W ) for every pair of adjacent vertices u and v in G. The local metric set W with minimum cardinality is called local metric basis and its cardinality is the local metric dimension of G, denoted by dim
l
(G). In this paper, we determine the local metric dimension of generalized broken fan graph and edge corona product K
1,m
◊ Pn
graph. We obtained the local metric dimension of generalized broken fan graph is

dim
l

(
B
F
(

a
1

,

a
2

,
…
,

a
n

)
)
=

∑

i
=
1

n

⌈

n
−
1

4

⌉

. The local metric dimension of edge corona graph K
1,m
◊ Pn
is

dim
l

(

K

1.
m

⋄

P
n

)

=

⌊

n
+
10

4

⌋

for m = 1 and 1 ≤ n ≤ 5,

dim
l

(

K

1.
m

⋄

P
n

)

=

⌊

n
+
6

4

⌋

for m = 1 and n ≥ 6,

dim
l

(

K

1.
m

⋄

P
n

)

=

⌊

n
+
3

4

⌋

m

for m ≥ 2 and 1 ≤ n ≤ 5, and

dim
l

(

K

1.
m

⋄

P
n

)

=

⌊

n
−
1

4

⌋

m

for m ≥ 2 and n ≥ 6.
Nonlinear system identification model of the spread of TB disease using the genetic algorithm and multilayer perceptron
Authors: Damayanti A , Subiyanto P , Pratiwi A B
Published: September 2019

System identification is the process of building a mathematical model of a dynamic system based on the observed input-output data. Artificial neural networks have been shown to complete the identification of nonlinear systems with various learning algorithms. Identification of nonlinear dynamic systems in the model of TB disease spread is needed to predict the spread of TB disease. The model for the spread of TB disease has three compartments and six parameters. The process of identifying models for the spread of TB disease by estimating parameters using the genetic algorithm and validation of the model using multilayer perceptron. The choice of multilayer perceptron architecture determines the minimum error in the nonlinear system identification process for the model of TB disease spread. From the results of the trial, it was shown that the multilayer perceptron and genetic algorithm were able to identify the spread model of TB disease with MMRE of 0.00347
A Simulation of Shallow Water Wave Equation Using Finite Volume Method: Lax-Friedrichs Scheme
Authors: Setiyowati R. , Sumardi
Published: September 2019

Long wave propagation above a bottom topography such as tsunami waves can be modeled mathematically by applying shallow water wave equations. The finite volume method was developed to determine the numerical solution of shallow water wave equations. The method uses Lax-Friedrichs scheme for the determination of numerical fluxes at cell interfaces. Furthermore, the model and method was applied to the simulation of long wave propagation on a sloping beach. The simulation results shows that the present model and method has a power of simulation of long wave propagation of the tsunami wave on the beach topography with a slope.
On Radical Property of Cross Polyomino Ideal
Authors: Yonatan Hamonangan Yoshua , Muchtadi-Alamsyah Intan
Published: September 2019

Roughly speaking, polyomino is a set of unit squares on the plane which is made by joining the squares side by side. The relation between polyomino and comutative algebra were established by Qureshi. Qureshi introduce the ideal from a polyomino. This ideal is called polyomino ideal. The cross polyomino is an example of polyomino whose ideal is not prime. In this article, we will discuss the radical property of cross polyomino ideal.