bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Somos los Abandonados
Authors: Shull Kristina
Published: May 2024

The book’s final chapter follows the indefinite detention of Mariel Cubans throughout the 1980s and argues that the US government’s handling of this refugee group helped to cement new immigration detention and “crimmigration” policies in place by decade’s end. As the Reagan administration sought new sites to build a more permanent kind of detention center in fulfillment of the Mass Immigration Emergency Plan and in collaboration with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and the Bureau of Prisons, it confronted community-level resistance. However, it found solutions in the neoliberal economics of privatization, the adoption of private prison contracting, and in prison boosterism embraced by economically depressed communities in US sunbelt regions such as Oakdale, Louisiana. The chapter concludes by recounting a 15-day dual prison uprising and takeover led by Mariel Cubans detained at Oakdale and the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, the longest such uprising in US history. Negotiations between Mariel Cubans and the US government and media coverage of events revealed how Cubans appealed to US audiences for due process and freedom, and how the INS subsequently retaliated against the uprising by denying due process and dispersing Mariel Cubans to prisons across the country.
The Other Side of Silence
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

When Mahnaz Afkhami picked up the phone in a New York hotel room early one morning in November 1978, she learned she could never go home again: she had been declared an apostate and enemy of the Iranian Revolution and was now on its death list. Afkhami, Iran's first minister for women's affairs, began to rebuild her life in the United States, becoming an architect of the women’s movement in the Global South. Along the way, she encountered familial, cultural, political, and organizational hurdles that threatened to derail her quest to empower women and change the very structure of human relations. A skilled storyteller who has spent her life in two worlds, Mahnaz Afkhami shares her unexpected and meteoric rise from unassuming English professor to a champion of women's rights in Iran; the clash between Western feminists and those from the Global South; and the challenges of international women's rights work during the so-called war on terror. Her journey through exile shows what it takes to launch and sustain a worldwide grassroots movement: funding, an ever-expanding network, conferences, education, and decades of hard work requiring individuals and organizations to persevere despite ongoing wars, humanitarian disasters, and climate change. Told with humor, honesty, and compassion, Afkhami's remarkable story illuminates the possibility of bringing opportunity and choice to women across the world.
SIGI Comes Into Its Own
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

As SIGI leader, the author travelled to Beijing in 1995 for the UN Fourth World Conference on Women. In many SIGI meetings and conferences, before and after the Beijing conference, the idea of a human rights education project for women in Muslim societies was identified as a priority. With a colleague, she wrote Claiming Our Rights: A Manual for Women’s Human Rights Education in Muslim Societies, a manual that brought together human values embedded in the religious texts as well as the international documents of rights and provided a learning method that empowered women to believe in their own capability to understand and decipher ideas and relate them to their life decisions. Within two years it was translated into eleven languages and culturally adapted for use in workshops in Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Syria, and Uzbekistan. This manual helped SIGI become a well-known international human rights organization and demonstrated how an NGO with modest financial support could bring together a shared vision that would help women effect change in their own countries.
The War on Terror
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

After 9/11, WLP held a series of family conversation-style radio broadcasts and a public interfaith dialogue in which women leaders from the three Abrahamic faiths spoke about terror, war, and peace. These promoted the ideas that interfaith dialogue should become part of education and civil interaction around the world and that women’s organizations should integrate interfaith and intercultural dialogue into their global movement building. In October 2001, the US attacked Afghanistan and Congress passed the PATRIOT Act, which did away with habeas corpus and allowed the phones of every American to be tapped. The increasing focus on the dangers of terrorism soon led to paranoia and deepening Islamophobia. The formerly robust dialogue and language on human rights/security from governments and in international gatherings gave way to an emphasis on democracy defined mainly as “elections” and as military security to promote peace or guarantee national or individual safety. The US sank in moral influence, and the experience of Afghanistan and Iraq chilled the euphoria that had prevailed in the global women’s rights community. The author describes the visit of Hojatoleslam Hussein Khomeini, grandson of the ayatollah whose regime had issued her death warrant, when he came to her house for dinner.
Iranian Feminism and the Green Revolution
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

During Mohammad Khatami’s tenure as Iran’s president (1997–2005), it seemed less risky than before to open dialogue with those trying to advance women’s rights in Iran. WLP invited ten Iranian activists and leaders to come to WLP’s annual partnership meeting held in Bangkok and participate in a weeklong training workshop, offered in Persian, on participatory leadership and advocacy strategies in closed societies. These women seemed defiant: “We are not what they want us to be. We haven’t given up. We are nobody’s victims.” When they returned to Iran, they created ingenious ways to implement WLP’s workshop experiences in ordinary situations. The author describes the successes of the One Million Signatures Campaign for Reform of Discriminatory Family Laws in Iran – a movement that included men – in 2006. After the 2009 fraudulent election, the Green Movement was born. It brought unprecedented civic awareness and political mobilization across the nation. Iranian women, who were at the forefront of the demonstrations and have fought the theocracy on every item of the state’s agenda, proved that once rights are ingrained in the psyche of a population, they cannot be erased, no matter the amount of state pressure and violence. In 2010, Farah died.
Changing the Architecture of Human Relationships
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

Although Iran’s Green Movement in 2009 and the Arab Spring in 2011 brought hope to many, the author was cautious. The Iranian Revolution proved that demonstrations, uprisings, and slogans, helpful as they may be in giving expression to the needs of populations involved, will not improve systems of governance unless responsible civic leadership is already in place. The author describes WLP’s growth, conducting trainings in sixty countries in thirty languages and growing around the globe, as each of the twenty partners expanded their reach in turn by partnering with other independent organizations at the national and regional levels. Successful women who had participated in WLP trainings were increasing their numbers among elected and appointed political leaders, while leading in an inclusive, dialogue-based style of leadership and decision-making. After “a wakeup call” from Mary Robinson, WLP added climate justice to its priority themes, based on its impact on women. Demanding equal rights in a world that is structured to perpetuate violence, poverty, and insecurity is neither effective nor desirable. We cannot only seek the same rights as the other half of the population. Women must create a movement based on their collective power as the majority of the world’s population.
Introduction
Authors: Behnken Brian D.
Published: May 2024

The Introduction explores how White people regarded Mexican-origin people as criminally prone, how and why they implemented the criminal justice system, what went into that system, and how Mexicans and Mexican Americans responded to these things. Important terms including different types of police agencies (sheriffs, constables, police officers), lynching, incarceration, are defined. The Introduction familiarizes readers with important concepts, such as “ley fuga” or the law of flight that authorized police agents to shoot individuals who fled law enforcement, the idea of social banditry, the role of anti-Mexican groups like the “Texas Cowboys,” the myriad ways Mexican people resisted White violence, and the development of institutional racism within the criminal justice system.
Unknown Mex
Authors: Behnken Brian D.
Published: May 2024

The fourth chapter focuses on Mexican and Mexican American criminality. While White people often considered Mexican-origin people as predisposed to certain criminal activities, especially murder or sex work, the available historical record shows instead that police tended to arrest them for suspicion, vagrancy, or for property crimes. This perception of criminality drove law enforcement to monitor Mexican people and constantly intervene in their lives. This chapter also demonstrates that while police officers often treated Mexicans and Mexican Americans with a heavy hand, the broader criminal justice system tended to treat them more fairly. It also shows some important evolutions in the criminal justice system, especially the augmenting of fines for vagrancy or loitering in the early twentieth century as a method of dealing with the thousands of Mexicans who arrived in the US as refugees from the Mexican Revolution.
These Special Places
Authors: Coggeshall John M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter summarizes the main ideas of the book and concludes with a real-life example to illustrate the reader’s newly-gained insight about the symbolic importance of family land in Southern Appalachia.
Perception
Authors: Wigginton Caroline
Published: May 2024

“Perception” concerns representations in image and word of Kateri Tekakwitha—a seventeenth-century Kanien:keha’ka (Mohawk) Catholic who has since been canonized as St. Kateri. The cornerstones of Kateri’s Catholic piety, the wounding and scarring of her skin, were transformations of her childhood education in Kanien:keha’ka craft. As she developed a craft of devotion, she mortified her body using the same materials and methods with which she had previously adorned deerskin and baskets. Jesuit hagiographies celebrate her conversion to Catholicism as a break with her Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) roots. However, engaging with both colonialist and Kanien:keha’ka modes of perception—of ways of observing, restoring, and creating knowledge and story—demonstrates that Kateri’s devotional craft shapes and co-circulates with her representation. Through multiple editions, translations, and reproductions, written and visual depictions extend and adapt her devotional craftwork, enfold Kateri and Kanien:keha’ka craft into colonialist narratives of exception, and also maintain an archive for Indigenous artists and observers to perceive knowledge and thereby restore and balance relationships. The chapter concludes with Kateri-inspired art by Tania Willard (Secwepemc Nation), Dyani White Hawk (Sičáŋğu Lakota), and Mary Kawennatakie Adams (Kanien:keha’ka), who craft their own relationships to Kateri through graphic print, painting, and basketry.
Composition
Authors: Wigginton Caroline
Published: May 2024

Composition” recounts how three men—Joseph Johnson (Mohegan), Thomas Commuck (Narragansett Brothertown), and Brent Michael Davids (Stockbridge-Munsee Band of the Mohican Nation)—exemplify a multicentury practice of what the chapter calls hymncraft, the composition of a material text with songs of praise and veneration for the sacred relationships between communities, place, and beings, human and other-than-human. For these men, hymncraft is an instrument for choreographing new visions of community, first centered in the Native North American Northeast in the 1770s, then in the new Native Christian nation of Brothertown in the 1840s, and lastly in an interconnected continental Indigenous present that remains grounded in seasonal rhythms and philosophies of place and home.
Coda
Authors: Wigginton Caroline
Published: May 2024

The coda returns to poetry and baskets by examining the multimedia visual art of Sarah Sense (Chitimacha, Choctaw, and European descent). Her work implicitly weaves together the aesthetic knowledge gathered by the other contemporary artists discussed throughout the book. Sense’s creations confirm that for certain Native artists, traversing the divide between writing and crafting may offer a pathway to reclaim and revivify a totality of material and aesthetic expressive practices fragmented and devalued by colonialism.
The Three Deaths of Cerro de San Pedro
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

This is a history of precious-metals extractivism as lived in Cerro de San Pedro, a small gold- and silver-mining district in Mexico. Chronicling Cerro de San Pedro's operations from the time of the Spanish conquest to the present, Daviken Studnicki-Gizbert transcends standard narratives of boom and bust to envision a multicentury series of mining cycles, first operated under Spanish rule, then by North American industry, and today in the post-NAFTA world of transnational capitalism. The depletion of a mine did not mark the end of its life, it turns out. Evolving technology accelerated the flow of matter and energy moving through the extractive systems of exhausted mines and revived profitability over and over again in Mexico's mining districts. The book demonstrates how this serial reanimation of a non-renewable resource was catalyzed by capital and supported by state policy and ideology and how each new cycle imposed ever more harmful consequences on both laborers and natural ecologies. At the same time, however, miners and their communities pursued a contending vision—a moral ecology—that defended the healthy reproduction of life and land. This book's breathtakingly long view brings important perspective to environmental justice conflicts around extraction in Latin America today.
Introduction
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

This is an introduction to the book's themes, arguments, structure, and approaches. It provides an overview of the cycles of gold and silver mining activity and abandonment over more than four centuries in Cerro de San Pedro, Mexico and its consequences for the environment and society. Readers are introduced to the key arguments about: how these cycles were made possible by an intensification of mining's social metabolism and resulted in deepening harms to human and natural bodies; how these harms incited cycles of resistance framed by an evolving series of moral ecologies; how these cycles were assured by a persistent regime of resource governance known as extractivism. The introduction also provides a brief overview of the materials and methods used in researching the book as well as commentary on the relations between activism and research in its elaboration.
The Metabolism of Extraction
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

This chapter moves from the material organization and scales of the first cycle of Spanish-era mining to its impacts on human health and the surrounding environment. The concept of the social metabolism is used to make the analytical link between these dimensions that are often held apart. With it, the chapter analyzes the mines and smelters of Cerro de San Pedro as a metabolism that simultaneously consumed energy and matter and voided wastes. This frames an empirical account of how the mining boom at Cerro de San Pedro drove regional processes of agrarian expansion, deforestation, erosion, flooding, as well as the over-exploitation of mine workers and the contamination of human bodies.
Extractivism Revived (1740s–1940s)
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

The chapter opens the second part of the book with an overview of how ostensibly exhausted mining were brought back into production. This was achieved through new technologies and new influxes of inputs (labor, energy, material) that increased the metabolism of mining such that the speed and volume of ore extraction and processing enabled a return to profitability. To this material explanation, the chapter adds the importance of state policy that supported the renewal of an extractivst mode of mining. Two phases of mining revival are covered in this chapter. The first (1740-1810) was fomented by the Bourbons but did not lift up Cerro de San Pedro. The second, under the government of Porfirio Díaz, began in the 1880s and channeled new flows of foreign (mainly US) capital into the industrialization of Mexico's mining sector. This would, in 1890, lead to the revival of the mines at Cerro de San Pedro.
De Profundis
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the growing organization and militancy of mine- and smelter-workers' movements in Cerro de San Pedro and San Luis Potosí that accompanied the industrialization of the extraction complex. It brings to the foreground the environmental dimensions of what has hitherto been primarily analyzed in social terms. Clarifying these allows a better view on the injustices, both social and ecological, that animated worker militancy. Central to this analysis are not only the negative impacts endured by workers and families, but also the contrast between these and the views and living conditions of foreign managers and employees. Both of these settings are documented, as are their relations which, although often intimate and spatially close, were usually positioned in marked oppositions.
The Revolution Underground
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

Beginning with eruption of a worker's protest in the Morales smelter in 1910, the chapter traces the origins and development of the Mexican Revolution as it coursed through Mexico's mining sector. It treats the impacts of revolutionary violence on operations and, particularly, on the infrastructure that supplied them. The relations between miners and revolutionary ideologies is also examined with special attention to anarchist political action and critiques of the liberal regime of mining developed under the government of Porfirio Díaz.
Who We Are Now
Authors: Fishburne Michelle
Published: May 2024

A profound look at the American experience during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through 100 first-person stories collected while the pandemic was still raging, author Michelle Fishburne pulls back the curtain on the lives of ordinary people during this extraordinary time. Fishburne collected the stories as she motor-homed 12,000 miles all over the United States between September 2020 and September 2021. People shared what their lives were like, what made them struggle, and what surprised them. The personal histories in this book show a diversity of American lives, from the young college student who finds unexpected fame on TikTok to a special-education teacher sharing the challenges of remote learning. Everyone's story is different. Some, like Fishburne, lost their jobs. Others lost family, friends, and even their own health and well-being. And yet among the difficulties, many found something that had eluded them before the pandemic. These testimonies offer a glimpse into what people across America lost and found during the pandemic's first years. Fishburne lets us hear people's stories as if we were there, in real time, at the beginning of COVID-19, when employment was uncertain, schools were online, and American life more unpredictable than ever before.
Silva Coutinho’s Plant
Authors: Garfield Seth
Published: May 2024

Opening with an account of Harvard zoologist Louis Agassiz’s scientific journey to the Brazilian Amazon in 1865-66, this chapter pivots to the nationalistic agenda of his official guide, Brazilian engineer João Martins da Silva Coutinho, in leading the expedition to the Maués region, heartland of the guaraná trade. The chapter argues that Silva Coutinho, linked to emergent nineteenth-century Brazilian scientific institutions, attributed a key role to guaraná in Amazonian geopolitics. As the “heart of the trade” on the Madeira River and the Tapajós river, two large tributaries of the Amazon that flowed northward through the province of Mato Grosso, guaraná served as an agent of Brazilian national integration. Guaraná also epitomized a purported pathway to commercial agriculture and sedentarization of the Amazonian labor force. As a crop cultivated and traded by the Sateré-Mawé, guaraná conveyed as well the potential of Native Amazonian peoples, a core tenet of Latin American indigenismo. In other words, Silva Coutinho advanced the agendas of Brazil’s imperial government and nineteenth-century Brazilian scientific institutions in promoting Amazonian exploration, frontier colonization, resource extraction, and demarcation of South American international borders.
Drug Prospects
Authors: Garfield Seth
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks at guaraná’s fleeting popularity in late nineteenth-century Anglo-American pharmacy and therapeutics. It explores Western scientists’ acquisition and dissemination of knowledge of guaraná and the drug’s interface with commercial health care, cultural practices, and epistemologies. Nineteenth-century scientists’ reclassification of guaraná according to the “universal” standards of botany and chemistry transpired within the context of colonial botanizing and Indigenous knowledge erasures. Bavarian Karl von Martius renamed the plant according to the precepts and politics of binominal nomenclature established by Karl Linnaeus, European chemists identified guaraná’s active principle as caffeine, and pharmaceutical firms such as the Parke-Davis Company and patent medicine manufacturers marketed the “tonic drug” for medical conditions ranging from headaches and diarrhea to neurasthenia, or nervous exhaustion. The Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, eyeing the drug’s growing popularity, unsuccessfully promoted crop transplants to British colonies in South Asia. The high cost of guaraná relative to other sources of caffeine, bottlenecks in supply chains, and the advent of synthetic analgesics such as aspirin ultimately doomed guaraná as a pharmaceutical export. Employing insights from economic history, the history of science, the history of pharmaceuticals, and medical anthropology, this chapter explores the processes of transformation and adaptation surrounding cross-cultural therapeutic transfers.
Message in a Bottle
Authors: Garfield Seth
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores mediations of race, class, gender, age, and region that endowed Brazilians with disparate stakes, resource, and outcomes in the use of guaraná soda. Although many Brazilians relished soft drinks, women were more in their thrall due to gender-based norms in Brazil and conventions of beverage consumption stigmatizing female alcohol consumption. The growth of the Brazilian middle class and the greater entry of middle-class women into the workforce and the public arena; the rise of the media, consumer, and leisure industries; and the “modernization” of the household and child-rearing in Brazil shored up women as protagonists and go-betweens in popularizing the consumption of guaraná soft drinks. Rising guaraná soft drink consumption was fueled by the growth of the Brazilian advertising industry, which relied on consumer research, the propagation of gendered and racialized messages, and the projection of images of leisure, vitality, and youth to promote the product. Although such campaigns, intensified in response to the entry of Coca-Cola in Brazil, were pitched by largely white, middle-class ad executives towards white, middle-class audiences, poorer and non-white Brazilians increasingly incorporated guaraná soft drinks into their diet. Although guaraná sodas share little in common with the modes of preparation, consumption, or taste of the traditional Sateré-Mawé beverage, this chapter argues that the dominant society also vested a stimulant beverage with the imposition of order, the mediation of social contradictions, the enchantment of nature, and magical powers of transformation.
Fast Times, Slow Food
Authors: Garfield Seth
Published: May 2024

Borrowing anthropologist Marshall Sahlins notion of the “indigenization of modernity,” or the Indigenous adaptations that have diversified a world unified by capitalism, this chapter explores how Sateré-Mawé survival as a distinct ethnic group owed to strategic alliances and selective adjustments of Indigenous sociocultural norms to external influences. Guaraná featured prominently in this process. Through a series of historical snapshots of Sateré-Mawé interactions with outsiders-- including Seventh-day Adventists, anthropologists, agents of the Brazilian government’s Indigenous bureau (the Indian Protection Service [SPI], later the National Indian Foundation [FUNAI]), and representatives of Fairtrade International, organic agriculture, and the Slow Food movement-- this chapter demonstrates how guaraná sustained Indigenous world-making as well as the incorporation of Western goods and knowledge. After two decades of Brazilian military rule promoting Amazonian development that provoked the despoliation of Sateré-Mawé territory by the French petroleum company, Elf Aquitaine, the Sateré-Mawé undertook a community development project to market Native guaraná in Europe through fair trade networks and the Slow Food Foundation. Projeto Waraná, sustained by an Indigenous producers’ consortium, challenged EMBRAPA’s technoscientific model and the industrial food system by employing traditional methods of planting, cultivating, and preparing guaraná. The commercial guaraná project emerged amid expanded rights for Indigenous Peoples enshrined in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, the rise of alternative food movements, and global concern with Amazonian deforestation, but has also struggled to expand production and obtain greater buy-in from Sateré-Mawé communities.
The Lowcountry
Authors: Grego Caroline
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides a reconstruction of the Lowcountry as it was before the hurricane struck. Lowcountry African Americans, motivated to maintain independence and sustain their families, constructed an economy centered on the sustenance of themselves and their loved ones, rather than around the enrichment of the white southerners who had so frequently profited at their expense. They eschewed a single form of employment for a wide array of subsistence activities, farm labor in rice and sea island cotton, and industrial employment in the post-war phosphate mines that proliferated around Charleston and Beaufort. By 1893, the balance of power in Charleston had largely returned to the hands of wealthy whites descended from the planter class, while further down the coast in Beaufort, an African American middle class flourished alongside white merchants. However, this nexus of Black landownership and political participation drew the ire of whites around the state, whether traditional Democrats or Democrats of a populist bent. A menace of a different sort lurked on the horizon, poised to strike: the Great Sea Island Storm of 1893.
The Survivors
Authors: Grego Caroline
Published: May 2024

This chapter follows the days after the hurricane spun away from the coast and before organized relief efforts began in earnest. As survivors struggled out from the rubble, many began crafting narratives about what the hurricane meant and how the region ought to recover. These grew into debates over federal aid, Reconstruction-era policies, and racial hierarchy in the Lowcountry. White Charlestonians in particular naturalized the hurricane’s destruction as part of the city’s long history of weathering the storms of man and nature and argued that so many African Americans had died because they were unfit for independence and even emancipation. Indeed, the white elite of the state began crafting plans to use the disaster to force African Americans off their Lowcountry land. For most African Americans, the grim reality of those days was an exhausting slog to recover the dead bodies of loved ones and to attempt survival without access to food, shelter, or clean water. Some also crafted their own narratives of the hurricane, placing it within a cyclical story of survival and resilience despite oppression.
The Democratic Collapse
Authors: Haumesser Lauren N.
Published: May 2024

This book examines the ways that gendered issues and gendered rhetoric exacerbated fissures within the Democratic Party in the run-up to the Civil War. Northern and southern Democrats used gender make arguments about slavery at each successive juncture in the gathering sectional crisis: from the 1856 election, to the debates over the Lecompton Constitution in Kansas, to John Brown’s raid in Virginia, to the 1860 election, and finally to secession and the bombardment of Fort Sumter. Initially, gender tactics bolstered Democratic unity, helping James Buchanan prevail in the election of 1856. But it was a Pyrrhic victory. By the end of the decade, those same gender tactics divided northern and southern Democrats, forcing them to confront their fundamentally different ideas about white manhood, slavery, and the Union. Gender politics turned slavery in the territories, which for Democrats had been a political and economic matter, into an intractable cultural debate. Gendered charges and countercharges raised the stakes of every dispute and make compromise ever more elusive.
Capital's Terrorists
Authors: Pearson Chad E.
Published: May 2024

Through the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, employers and powerful individuals deployed a variety of tactics to control ordinary people as they sought to secure power in and out of workplaces. In the face of worker resistance, employers and their allies collaborated to use a variety of extralegal repressive techniques, including whippings, kidnappings, drive-out campaigns, incarcerations, arsons, hangings, and shootings, as well as less overtly illegal tactics such as shutting down meetings, barring speakers from lecturing through blacklists, and book burning. This book draws together the groups engaged in this kind of violence, reimagining the original Ku Klux Klan, various Law and Order Leagues, Stockgrowers’ organizations, and Citizens’ Alliances as employers’ associations driven by unambiguous economic and managerial interests. Though usually discussed separately, all of these groups used similar language to tar their lower-class challengers—former slaves, rustlers, homesteaders of modest means, populists, political radicals, and striking workers—as menacing villains and deployed comparable tactics to suppress them. And perhaps most notably, spokespersons for these respective organizations justified their actions by insisting that they were committed to upholding “law and order.” Ultimately, this book suggests that the birth of law and order politics as we know it can be found in nineteenth-century campaigns of organized terror against an assortment of ordinary people across racial lines conducted by Klansmen, lawmen, vigilantes, and union busters.
The New Solution
Authors: Pearson Chad E.
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents an analysis of anti-labor kidnapping. Focusing the response to an extraordinary cigar workers’ strike in Tampa in 1901, this chapter explores how members of the Citizens’ Committee used vigilantism to break the strike. Led partially by newspaper owner D. B. McKay, the Citizens’ Committee snatched thirteen members of the strikers and placed them on a Honduras-bound boat. The vigilantes left the men on the beach and arrived back to Tampa. The kidnapped men eventually made it back to Tampa. Employers elsewhere cheered on this method of strikebreaking, calling it “a new solution” to the labor problem. I speculate that McKay, an amateur historian of Florida, was inspired by the Second Seminole War (1835–1842). During that conflict, the US military kidnapped the Indian leadership to undermine the rank and file. I draw parallels between these two conflicts.
Random Acts of Kindness and Unkindness
Authors: Stein Michael
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, patients tell short stories of medical unkindness. These stories are never about a physician’s acumen and aptitude but about using language that hurts, that doesn’t take patient concerns seriously enough.
Lying
Authors: Stein Michael
Published: May 2024

When doctors care for persons with drug addictions they must be willing to sift through the reflexive lying of such patients. Drug addiction brings with it a change of character for many people and understanding the person who existed before addiction remains a challenge. Physicians being overly judgmental however deprives patients of one of the tools for betting better.
Seeing Things
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana
Published: May 2024

In this theoretically rich work, Mason Kamana Allred unearths the ways Mormons have employed a wide range of technologies to translate events, beliefs, anxieties, and hopes into reproducible experiences that contribute to the growth of their religious systems of meaning. Drawing on methods from cultural history, media studies, and religious studies, Allred focuses specifically on technologies of vision that have shaped Mormonism as a culture of seeing. These technologies, he argues, were as essential to the making of Mormonism as the humans who received, interpreted, and practiced their faith.  While Mormons’ uses of television and the internet are recent examples of the tradition’s use of visual technology, Allred excavates older practices and technologies for negotiating the spirit, such as panorama displays and magic lantern shows. Fusing media theory with feminist new materialism, he employs media archaeology to examine Mormons’ ways of performing distinctions, beholding to engender radical visions, and standardizing vision to effect assimilation. Allred’s analysis reveals Mormonism as always materially mediated and argues that religious history is likewise inherently entangled with media.
Panoramic Visions
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana
Published: May 2024

The second chapter analyzes media rolled out to deal with the ghost of the dead prophet and Mormon past. Large painted panorama displays in the hands of Philo Dibble offered members ways of capturing the spirit of Smith, who was appearing to his followers immediately following his assassination in 1844. Caught and panoramarized, the image of Smith and the church’s past could help consolidate power during a crisis of succession and provide a network of visual collective memories to be consumed in collective viewing. Panorama also provided a means to conceptualize and describe visionary experience itself. It is the argument of this chapter that—at least for the group that chose to follow Brigham Young as Smith’s successor—being Mormon meant consolidating vision. It entailed specific techniques of avoiding schismatic breakoffs by coming together and sharing a vision enabled by the panorama.
Sensitive Machines
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana
Published: May 2024

Women’s roles were especially charged within Mormonism as the church turned from polygamy to a public image of modernizing monogamous families around the turn of the twentieth century. New automatic writing machines, such as typewriters, and cameras created jobs for women to enter the workforce as assistants and secretaries to men. However, Brigham Young’s nationally renowned daughter Susa Young Gates at the typewriter and the lesser-known deaf art photographer Elfie Huntington at the camera both found ways to use the machines without merely replicating ghostly or masculine dictation, as in spiritualist seances or common gendering of labor. By adapting cultural conceptions of the sensitive feminine touch into creative techniques, these women emphasized the role of agency, class, and skill in their work. Through interaction with typewriters and cameras, Huntington and Gates registered the complicated co-construction of gender and technologies at the turn of the century. As a type of canny mimicry, they altered men’s visions and gave them new meaning by channeling them through machines.
Broadcasting Standards
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana
Published: May 2024

The sixth chapter shows how broadcast media could correlate the look and image of the church through teletechnologies and especially against the specter of communism and countercultural movements from the 1950s to 1970s. It connects the standards and logic of broadcast technology with the concept and flavor of Mormon Correlation, which was a sweeping reform that sought to standardize curriculum, doctrine, and practice beginning in the 1960s. The necessity of standards and their discursive resonance permeated Mormon homes and practice and was entangled with TV. From technical and national standards of NTSC (National Television System Committee) to Mormon dress codes and unified instruction, standards—both US living standards and church moral ones—were meant to be attained and maintained as a sign of strength, nationalism, and godliness. The technology allowed correlated and standardized members to be gathered from their very living rooms by receiving the logic and effect of broadcast, as well as interacting and acting on the content through bodily techniques. This technical and religious tuning-in created a vision of twentieth-century Latter-day Saints as American families and provided an expansive system for their governance and for gathering the Saints scattered abroad.
Conclusion
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana
Published: May 2024

Recent rhetoric around normalizing Joseph Smith’s use of a seer stone and a museum installation depicting his first vision further underscore how in the digital age, yet again, a Latter-day Saints seek to see together by virtue of but beyond what is in front of them. As ever, media practices train Latter-day Saints’ eyes where to look and discipline how to understand what is seen. And the ecclesiastical purchase as well as spiritual potential of these initiatives are entangled with and inseparable from material media. The panoramic film of the first vision in the Church History Museum and the glowing digital display of a smartphone enable these turns to tuning retinae and linking the visions with particular feelings and meanings. In its simplest formulation the book’s chapters have highlighted how Mormons are fashioned by looking at stuff to see things. That stuff just happens to be media projects with formative value, and the passive construction of that statement is important. For in this looking, they have been enabled to perform and measure what it means to be a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints within a given network of technologies. Thus, media, as much as members have determined Mormonism through visionary practices. They must learn to be more inclusive and aware of cultural and technological bias. But interacting with technologies in visionary ways, they find themselves in a position to evolve with their media.
Indigenous Civil Society in Latin America
Authors: Lupien Pascal
Published: May 2024

Over the past decade, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile have been buffeted by intensive transformations. Political scientist Pascal Lupien here reveals how Indigenous political activists responded to these changes as part of their long, ongoing struggles for equal citizenship rights and economic and political power. Such activists are often thought to rely solely on disruptive, large-scale forms of collective action, but Lupien argues that twenty-first-century Indigenous activists have turned toward new modes of fostering Indigenous civil society. Drawing on four years of immersive, community-engaged fieldwork with more than ninety Indigenous organizations and groups within and across three countries, Lupien shows how Indigenous organizations today are newly pursuing, adapting, and sustaining local activism in a globalized, technology-centered world. He reveals that Indigenous groups have effectively built on older twentieth-century technologies—for example, radio, TV, and print media—by adapting social media technologies in ways that are unique to their political identities and day-to-day needs. In the context of increasing recognition of global Indigeneity, Lupien's capacious, descriptive work contributes to understanding Indigenous peoples’ contemporary struggles, the evolving and unique nature of Indigenous civil society, and the return to large-scale resistance in 2019 that resulted in the largest uprisings in a generation.
Indigenous Civil Society in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Lupien Pascal
Published: May 2024

This chapter compares Indigenous civil society across the three countries, revealing significant differences in the evolution of political opportunities, citizenship regimes, and mobilizing structures. The Pink Tide in Bolivia and Ecuador brought shifts in political opportunities, opening avenues for Indigenous participation. In contrast, Chile maintained a (neo)liberal citizenship regime with slow political evolution and limited tolerance for dissent. Bolivia and Ecuador, having experienced relatively less repressive regimes, built upon historical Indigenous mobilization, fostering stable CSOs. In Bolivia, the close integration of CSOs with the state is seen as a successful strategy but potentially weakening in the long run. In contrast, Mapuche CSOs in Chile face a rigid political system and limited opportunities, leading some to shift focus towards communication, education, and nation-building, while other CSOs choose violent tactics. The variation in multi-scalar positioning strategies is attributed to factors such as organization size, geographic location, and the relationship with the state. The 2019 protests in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile represented a resurgence of Indigenous mobilization, leveraging ICTs, political opportunities, and framing around citizenship and social rights. The effectiveness varied across countries, with Ecuador seeing a significant victory, Bolivia facing internal divisions, and Maupche gaining visibility but limited concrete outcomes.
Healthy Bodies
Authors: Purkiss Ava
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines structural barriers to health for African Americans in the early twentieth century and explores how Black women navigated those barriers to create public health fitness programs. It shows how Black women created new meanings of Black health and citizenship that rested on ideals of bodily strength, vigor, and symmetry. The chapter also explains how Black exercise advocates promoted exercise not only as a public health good but also as a physical act that carried implications for real and imagined forms of survival, racial competition, and posterity.
Coalitional Transnationalism
Authors: Johnson Diana K.
Published: May 2024

This chapter moves to the mid-1970s to explore increasing facets of transnational and Third World solidarity activism among Seattle coalition builders. In the process, this portion of the book centers the evolution of the United Construction Workers Association as well as the development of two new and intersecting groups, Seattle Third World Women and the Seattle Third World Coalition.
Black Skin, White Campus
Authors: Higgins Andrew Stone
Published: May 2024

Chapter four uncovers the history of Black student athletes who functioned as a vanguard of campus activism. As Black student athletes arrived on California campuses they encountered widespread racial discrimination and, in response, formed organizations and movements that would serve as a wedge to increase the number of African Americans on campus. They did so by making the expansion of Educational Opportunity Programs for affirmative action a central demand of their protests. In this way, Black student athletes helped to open up their campuses to far greater numbers of working-class students of color.
The Boundary Line
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn
Published: May 2024

Chapter 1 begins with the 1820s-1830s territorial disputes between the Cherokee Nation and the state of Georgia that pressed the question of states’ jurisdiction and considered whether or not states could directly challenge Indigenous sovereignty. This chapter reads the Cherokee Phoenix and Georgia newspapers to better understand how print culture shaped notions of Indigeneity, Blackness, belonging, and states’ rights in Georgia (and throughout the South) in the 1830s by unpacking the circulation (or non-circulation) of Cherokee news like Cherokee Nation v Georgia (1831) or David Walker’s Appeal (1829).
Surveying the Swamp
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn
Published: May 2024

Chapter 2 shifts to a study of combat and statehood in early nineteenth-century Florida, focusing on the years between the creation of Florida Territory (1821) and the end of the Second US-Seminole War (1835–42). Because of the Seminole, Black Seminole, and Maroon alliances present in Florida, it represented a space of Afro-Native freedom beyond the United States that challenged prevailing notions of race and Manifest Destiny and fueled US desires to “conquer” Florida. This chapter analyzes print and visual popular culture surrounding the United States’ acquisition of the Floridas to unpack the “swampiness” of the conflict in Florida and think through the limitations of print to account for Indigenous and Black freedom beyond the state and the ethical obligations of literary studies to attend to absence as a kind of radical presence that does not necessarily need to be filled. In particular, it attends to the narrativization of Osceola, the short sensational pamphlets An Authentic Narrative of the Seminole War and A Narrative of the Life and Sufferings of Mrs. Jane Johns, and the writings of Martin Delany and Albery Allson Whitman.
Sequoyah and the Stakes of Statehood
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn
Published: May 2024

Chapter 4 is organized around the 1905 State of Sequoyah movement, a campaign created by leaders of the Five Tribes to establish a Native-run state. This movement occurred only a few years after local Black leaders organized to create a “Black state” from the territory. At the end of the century, when Black and Native political leaders lobbied for statehood to protect their communities, they defined their inclusion in US statecraft in direct opposition to one another. The failures of both the Black and Native state campaigns reveal the limitations of state inclusion for Black and Native people and how white supremacy necessitated that both communities see their only means of survival as subjugation or Removal of the other. The pages of a thriving Indian Territory print culture stage all of these debates, and careful attention to these periodicals demonstrates how Native and Black editors used the orderliness of the newspaper form to argue for the stability and self-determination of their respective communities. While the State of Sequoyah movement was unsuccessful, the era’s Black and Native print culture staged robust conversations about Black and Native land-based sovereignty.
Walisu Alhassan
Authors: Goodman Carly
Published: May 2024

This chapter places the arrival of the Diversity Visa lottery in Ghana in the context of the country’s post-colonial history. Ghana was among the first African countries to gain independence from Britain, with Kwame Nkrumah the first leader of an independent Ghana. There had been a long history of African migration within the empire—those who went to the U.K. for school or work returned to Ghana and were known as “been-tos” since they had “been to” the metropole. But decolonization was soon accompanied by two factors that reduced those migratory routes. One was the increased criminalization of African migration amid a set of policies that treated Europe as a fortress. The other was widespread investment in the dream of building flourishing independent nations in Africa.