bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the structural elements features of ancestral temple in Huizhou
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Li Yunzhang , Bi Zhongsong
Published: May 2021

Huizhou ancestral temple is an agglomeration of Huizhou architectural culture, which has distinct local characteristics and times characteristics. This article from the Huizhou ancestral temple of the main structural members, Including: beam, column, dougong, roof and so on; By means of comparison, enumeration and statistics, the characteristics of structural members of Huizhou ancestral temples are analyzed. This paper summarizes the evolution of structural column from shuttle-shaped column to straight column in Huizhou ancestral temple; Changes in the ratio of length to width of benincasa hispida-shaped beam; The internal structure of the building adopts a combination of round ridge roofs and miter roofs; tiaowo (one form of dougong) and other structural characteristics of Huizhou ancestral temple.
Research on the Evaluation Method of the Health State of Transmission Tower
Authors: Guo Huang , Binrong Zhu
Published: May 2021

Due to long-term environmental effects such as wind, rain and sun, the transmission tower components are easy to bend and corrode, which poses hidden dangers to the safe operation of transmission lines. For the problem of complex and poor practicability of evaluation methods of tower state, a practical method for evaluating the health state of transmission towers is proposed to meet the actual needs in this paper.
Effect of rubber powder modification on the aging resistance of asphalt binder
Authors: Gao Kaikai , Abulimiti Nuermaimaiti , Kuai Haidong , Chen Fang , Yang Zhengxun
Published: May 2021

The rubber powder produced by waste rubber was used to modify asphalt, which was conducted in aging test. The effect of rubber powder modification on the aging resistance of asphalt binder was studied by the means of basic physical properties test, dynamic shear rheological test and infrared spectrum analysis. Results indicate that the addition of rubber powder can reduce the degradation of aromatic, which makes the rubber powder modified asphalt shows better aging resistance and lower temperature sensitivity. After aging, the change of rheological properties of rubber modified asphalt is relatively small, and it also shows a stable high temperature performance.
Current status of hazardous waste disposal technology
Authors: Maowei Wu , Jiahao Liu , Qifen Li , Yongwen Yang
Published: May 2021

Hazardous wastes refer to wastes with hazardous characteristics that are included in the national hazardous waste list or identified in accordance with the hazardous waste identification standards and identification methods prescribed by the state. Hazardous waste disposal methods are relatively mature including incineration treatment technology, plasma treatment technology, microwave treatment technology, pyrolysis vaporization, high temperature cooking, chemical method and landfill, etc. The final disposal achieves the effects of detoxification, reduction and stabilization.
Galerkin Format and Analysis of Mathematical Model of Groundwater Pollution
Authors: Li Fanchun
Published: May 2021

As an important resource for people to survive, water plays an important role in human life and industrial and agricultural production. However, with the development of industry, groundwater pollution and surface decline are becoming more and more serious. As one of the important pollution sources of water pollution, nitrogen-containing pollutants play a very important role in the strategic reserve of water resources. It can be seen that scientific management and evaluation of the quality of water resources are of great significance for the rational development and utilization of water resources. Based on the mathematical model of groundwater pollution, four full discrete Galerkin finite element schemes are constructed. In this paper, the convergence and stability of these four schemes are discussed in due course. In order to estimate the maximum error of the scheme, it can not only solve the seepage problem with finite elements, but also understand the transportation law of matter in porous media to a certain extent.
Finite element analysis of flexural performance of different strength basic magnesium sulfate cement concrete beams
Authors: Li Siyu , Pei Changchun
Published: May 2021

In this paper, through ANSYS finite element simulation analysis, the effects of initial cracks, mid-span bending moment and deflection of different grades of basic magnesium sulfate cement concrete beams are studied. The research results show that as the grade of basic magnesium sulfate cement concrete increases, the mid-span bending moment during initial cracking gradually increases overall, while the bending stiffness increases while the deflection decreases. As the grade of basic magnesium sulfate cement concrete increases, the mid-span bending moment at yield gradually increases, and the mid-span deflection decreases gradually. Research shows that basic magnesium sulfate cement concrete has good toughness and strength, and can effectively improve the bending performance of its beam members.
An Evaluation Model for Fire Fighting and Emergency Evacuation Plan
Authors: Haihao CUI
Published: May 2021

Fire fighting and emergency evacuation plan is important guidance for the fighting of fire rescue and daily training. Evaluation of plan is an essential work for the preparation and implementation of plan. In order to evaluate the plan scientifically, the quantitative evaluation model of fire fighting and emergency evacuation plan is established based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method (FAHP), including the evaluation index system, index weight and evaluation process. The case study shows that the model can be used for the quantitative evaluation of plan comprehensively and accurately, and the evaluation results can provide adequate reference for the revision and improvement of plan.
Estimation on afflux of bridge on plain rivers related to blockage ratio and Froude number
Authors: Zhang Fengshan , Cao Mengyi , He Xiaojing , Xie Yuzhi
Published: May 2021

The construction of hydraulic structures such as abutments and piers in natural waterways contributes to the contraction of river channels and the upstream water level rise. The maximum increase in the water level (afflux) is considered to be a major flood risk after a new bridge is built, and the accurate estimation of it is always an important work in designing a bridge construction. However, systematic studies on the prediction of the backwater effects of piers considering the blockage ratios within 10% are rarely reported. In this paper, a 2D hydrodynamic model was numerically simulated to investigate the effect of blockage ratios in the range of 2% - 9% on the amount and location of afflux. The distribution of depth-averaged flow velocities and water level changes around bridge piers was also discussed. Results indicate that the development and attenuation of backwater effects along the river channel falls naturally into 4 regions, and as the blockage ratio gets greater, afflux increases with its location moving farther from the zone strongly influenced by the bridge piers. It can be concluded that a blockage ratio of more than 7% should be one of the key concerns to river engineers in evaluating the capacity of river channels in plains to carry flood flows. On this basis, this article presented a parametric optimization formula based on blockage ratio and Froude number to estimate afflux of rectangle bridge piers with relatively low blockage ratios on plan rivers, and to provide effective assistance in hydraulic calculation of bridge design.
Wuhan City Park Landscape Design Based on River Culture
Authors: Yin Zhang , Qi Zhou
Published: May 2021

Urban parks, as one of the starting points of urban green development, are a composite product of the interaction between people and nature. They play an important role in displaying and continuing the city’s culture. Therefore, it is critical to attach importance to the design and renewal of urban parks. This article takes Wuhan City Park as the specific research object, and extracts the “water”, “fish” and “bubble” in the “river culture” as landscape design elements. To show, let people feel the baptism of urban culture while visiting the park, and re-entrust the park with the mission of inheriting cultural heritage.
The Research and Development Prospects of Recycling and Utilizing Technology for Automotive Braking Energy
Authors: Li Jianwei
Published: May 2021

Recycling the automotive braking energy and regenerating the recovered energy back to the automobile as a driving force when the car accelerates or starts is an effective way to improve the automotive rate of fuel utilization, ameliorate vehicle emissions performance. The key to automotive braking energy recycling technology is how to store the energy generated during the braking process of the automobile. The current situation of recycling and utilizing the automotive braking energy was analysed. On the basis of the energy storage solutions of the battery, an equipment was put forward, which utilized the energy of braking to drive the SR motor, the kinetic energy would transform into electrical energy during the process of braking so as to charge the electrical equipment and the battery. While starting or accelerating, the SR motor not only provided power to the transmission, but also provided compressed air for improving the combustion by driving the compressor.
The Protective Effect of Silane Composite Emulsion on Steel Bars in Cement-based Materials
Authors: Li Li
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the relevant factors affecting the durability of reinforcing steel materials. The research content of this paper includes chloride ion attack, sulfate attack, external load influence, water-cement ratio, etc. The author combines the preparation process of silane composite emulsion with raw material preparation, preparation process analysis, protection mechanism analysis, and surface contact angle measurement, and establishes correlation experiments to analyze the protective effect of silane composite emulsion on steel bars. The author’s purpose is to enhance the awareness of the protective effect of silane composite emulsions, and to provide data support for the subsequent better promotion of materials.
Research on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environment from 2005 to 2020: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ren Bingnan
Published: May 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. With extensive and persistent existence, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can easily accumulate in the human body, posing a great risk to human health. With more and more studies on PAHs, it is essential to analyse hotspots and indicate emerging trends as well. The bibliometric study on PAHs in environment was analysed the papers by the method based on the CiteSpace, which published during the period of 2005-2020 in Web of Science database. The results indicated that the trend of this field is “pollution sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”. And “PM2.5, health risk, impact, source identification” have become hot spots. The keywords with the strongest citation bursts are including toxicity, spatial distribution, health risk, pm2.5. There are many cross clusters links among organochlorine peptides, biodegradation, particle, positive matrix factorization.
Rehabilitation Landscape Design in The Community Environment--Take Xintiandi-Blue Diamond Community as An Example
Authors: Zhang Yin , Hu Jixin
Published: May 2021

Today’s society is fast-paced and people are under a lot of pressure from work and school. They live in a space built of steel and concrete, separated from the natural environment for a long time. The fierce social competition has led to anxiety, negativity and other negative energy. The incidence of sub-health diseases and chronic diseases is increasing. As the world’s most populous country, China is now facing an accelerating aging process. People are beginning to re-examine their psychological and social behaviors in their da il y liv es and ar e becoming more aware of the importance of the natural environment to human health. As the most frequently used activity space in people’s daily life, community environment is undoubtedly the best place for people to relieve their emotions and relax. It is important to study how to integrate healing landscape into community environment design to improve the physical and mental health of urban residents.
Green Construction Evaluation System Based on BIM Distributed Cloud Service
Authors: Li Yan , Gao Xiong , Liu Xiaowei , Zhang Ruijue , Wu Yansheng
Published: May 2021

Based on the BIM cloud service, in the green construction evaluation system, this paper introduces the sub-module and the overall architecture. In the sub-module, it includes auxiliary evaluation system, load balancing architecture, and data service. It is an effective method to store data. Through the conversion and integration of data storage methods of various computer protocols, the traditional green construction evaluation methods can be efficiently and accurately evaluated by cloud computing servers. At the same time, the database can hold a large amount of data and continue to expand.
Influences of Sodium Silicate Modulus on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Fly Ash Geopolymer
Authors: Gao Yiting , Feng Yongzhen , Tong Guoqing , Tang Xiongyu
Published: May 2021

In order to explore the water glass modulus that can make the fly ash base polymer the highest strength and the best performance, fly ash is used as the raw material to prepare alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymer test blocks. Through unconfined compression test, SEM test, XRD test, the influence of different water glass modulus and age on its mechanical properties is studied. The results are as follows. When the sodium silicate modulus is 1.1, the strength of fly ash-based geopolymer is the highest, reaching 6.1MPa after 28 days of curing. With the growth of age, the strength of fly ash-based geopolymers continues to increase. It is observed from the SEM test that when the modulus is 1.1, the structure is dense, the porosity is small, the alkali excitation effect is obvious, and the reaction is relatively complete.
Landscape Planning and Design of Zhanggongdi City Park Based on Human Ecology
Authors: Yin Zhang , Feng Ding
Published: May 2021

One of the most important functions taken by a Urban ecological park is to protect and improve the urban environment, which is the green space of the city. Integrating ecology and humanity into the park makes the park have the dual significance of protecting the ecological environment and inheriting the history and culture. From the macro and micro perspectives, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the base, explores the regional culture, takes ecology as an important attribute, and designs the park with nine provincial thoroughfares as the theme culture, so as to realize the design goal of “integrating humanity into ecology, building landscape context” and promote the green development of human and nature.
Ductility reduction factor analysis of RC frames considering influences of infilled walls
Authors: Yanjun LI , Dagang LU , Zhenyu WANG
Published: May 2021

The value of ductility reduction factor is directly related to seismic design force. And then it has a vital impact on the safety and economy of structures. Influences of infilled walls as nonstructural members on ductility reduction factor is usual neglected in current codes. According to Chines code for seismic design of buildings six typical RC frames with different height in seismic precautionary intensity of 8-degree and design basic acceleration of ground motion of 0.2g are designed. The rationality and accuracy of finite element models are verified by comparing simulation results with test results. Finite element models of RC frame with and without infilled walls are built on OpenSees software. The influence of infilled walls on ductility reduction factor of RC frames are developed by adaptive pushover analysis (APOA) and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). Results show that influences of infilled walls on ductility reduction factor of RC frames is significant, but with increase of structural height influences gradually decline. Based on analysis results of this paper, the value of ductility reduction factor of RC frame without infilled walls is 2.5 and that of RC frame with infilled walls is 3.6. Analysis methods affect the value of ductility reduction factor significantly. Values of ductility reduction factor based on APOA is less than those based on IDA.
Study on pollutant emission inventory of port
Authors: Guo Xu , Xu Da
Published: May 2021

With the frequent exchanges of Global trade, ports play an increasingly important role in economic development. However, the environmental problems caused by the port are also increasing. As the most basic, comprehensive and practical information, emission inventory is the premise of scientifically formulating and improving the control measures and policies of pollutants from ships and ports. In this study, some terminals in coastal ports are taken as an example to provide technical support for port pollutant emission estimation and pollution control by compiling pollutant emission inventory..
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and Big-Data to improve energy consumption in existing buildings
Authors: Alwetaishi Mamdooh , Shamseldin Amal
Published: May 2021

The use of Artificial Intelligence AI and Big data can contribute to improve energy performance in buildings. There are so many data are available in different institutions within a country such as Ministry of housing and electricity companies. The aim of this research is to propose a link between all these institutions with the aid of field measurement and occupants’ thermal sensation. The work used various methods to carry out this research including field measurement, computer modelling and survey. It was found that use of AI in existing buildings can improve energy performance significantly. The current research focused on optimization of WWR (Window to Wall Ratio) with orientation. WWR for western zones should not exceed 15% in extreme hot and humid climate and it can reduce energy consumption by 20%.
Designing a facade by biomimicry science to effectively control natural light in buildings (Glare analysis)
Authors: Sankaewthong Sukhum , Horanont Teerayut , miyata Kazunori , Karnjana Jessada
Published: May 2021

The increasingly popular design trend of glazed facades using daylight in buildings has made it essential for innovations to eliminate the unnecessary intrusion of sunlight in spaces. This study aims to create a kinetic façade pattern by referring DNA structure and photosynthetic behaviour to mimic biomimicry science characteristics in Wallacei evolutionary software for generating possible patterns. Daylight glare thresholds were determined as an essential factor for user productive work. Comparison of three-building envelope potential was made for preparing spaces (zones A, B) in Bangkok condition; without a façade, with a static facade, and with a kinetic façade. DIVA software was used to analyse glare in terms of daylight glare probability (DGP). First, DGP (without façade) for zones A and B were 100% and 55%, or intolerable glare. Second, DGP (static façade) for zones A and B were 59%, 30%; zone A was intolerable, and B imperceptible. Third, DGP (kinetic façade) for zones A and B were 28% (imperceptible glare). Therefore, a kinetic façade has a high potential for protecting against unsuitable glare. These findings may serve as preliminary evidence for understanding kinetic façade potential for self-adjustment by light intensity to improve quality of life for occupant use of spaces.
The utilization of green roofs and walls “ecosystem services” as a strategy to mitigate climate change
Authors: Vicuña Susana Moya , Ormaza Marcelo Villacis
Published: May 2021

Green infrastructure is a set of systems and strategies that promote a more sustainable and efficient development, this paper reviews the green roofs and facades that are part of this infrastructure. Currently, its application in buildings aims to take advantage of its “ecosystem services”, such as energy savings, reduction of the heat island, improvements in water quality, air and health, and other advantages that are broken down into the article, which are achieved through natural processes carried out by vegetation, which allows evapotranspiration, the absorption of impurities, the reduction of noise, the capture of rainwater. Thus, collaborating in the reduction of sewage systems load in the cities, thanks to the use of the water captured, also contributing to water cost reduction from the drinking network of the cities. This paper results from a literature review on advantages and disadvantages that green roofs and walls offer in an urban environment.
Remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) use in construction: a thermography inspection case study
Authors: Rodríguez M Videras , Sánchez Cordero A , Gómez Melgar S , Andújar Márquez J M
Published: May 2021

The inspection of buildings with thermographic cameras is a powerful and non-invasive means of monitoring and diagnosing the state of buildings. In the field of energy efficiency, the use of thermography allows detecting insulation defects, humidity detection, location of water leaks, detection of air leaks, among others. The implementation of thermal devices in aircraft facilitates the recognition of the efficiency status of buildings and solves problems that compromise operator safety. However, it is a complex application that requires a step-by-step methodology where all the conditioning factors that can negatively affect the results are collected. This research presents a working methodology to perform energy inspections on roofs using a RPAS (Remotely piloted aircraft system) equipped with a radiometric thermal camera. In the methodology presented were detailed the premises to be taken into account before carrying out an operation of this type, the different stages related to the execution of the flight, the materials used for the acquisition of thermal images and the post-processing techniques to obtain the results of the energetic inspection. The results showed remarkable apparent temperature changes on the roof surface, in special, in the north-west part of the building. Weaknesses related to heat loss were identified in the flat roof borders and the sloping roof ridges. The execution of the inspection demonstrated the viability of using the aerial thermography for monitoring the performance of a building by identifying energy problems in advance, documenting and correcting them before they become worse and more costly to repair.
Study on new test technology of pile foundation bearing capacity
Authors: Xue-feng Zhang
Published: May 2021

A revolutionizing pile foundation testing technology, STATNAMIC has been analysis in the paper. This method is the testing method of bearing capacity for the pile foundation that has the advantages such as economical, speedy, accurate and reliable etc. By burning solid fuel in a combustion chamber, a controlled and pre-determined load is applied directly to the pile foundation without introducing high tension forces. The duration of loading is substantially longer than both the impulse produced by dynamic testing and the natural frequency of pile foundation. Moreover, owing to test without anchor pile, thus it would be able to save cost of manufacturing the anchor pile and the constructing period. And, finally it is not limited to the type of pile, the pile gradient and the surroundings of pile.
Damage analysis of deep water high pile cap foundations under different concrete corrosion by ship impact load
Authors: Xuefeng Zhang
Published: May 2021

The deep-water high-pile cap foundation is in the water environment for a long time, which is likely to cause corrosion damage to the pile foundation concrete. At present, the damage analysis of the upper structure has received more attention and the technology is relatively complete, but the research on the damage identification and analysis of the substructure and foundation Relatively lacking. Due to the loading characteristics of the substructure, its own bearing characteristics and the geological watermark environment, which are quite different from the upper structure, the corresponding damage identification and damage analysis evaluation technology is quite different from that of the upper structure, so special research is needed.
Structural efficiency of the ‘Pombalino Frontal’ infilled with mortar
Authors: Morais António , Fialho Carmo , Diogo Basto , Ivanova Svetlana
Published: May 2021

On November 1st, 1755, occurred a huge earthquake in Portugal which hit and destroyed Lisbon. In a previous paper, where we presented some research about pombalino system, we referred and noted that we were just in 1755, when the creation and development of the ‘pombalino building’ occurred, so the concept of stress and deformation had not yet appeared, but, despite this, the military engineers of the kingdom were able to create a remarkable construction system with anti-seismic characteristics. In the vertical frontal truss of the Pombaline System, the spaces between the vertical and horizontal plumbs are filled with mortar that contained small elements of stone and ceramic residues. This form of filling was not carried out in order to close the space, because at the time, even in the Pombaline building, the solution adopted to close space was different. This filling was designed by the engineers to provide the building with an additional energy dissipation system, although at the time humanity has not yet developed the concepts and theory of structural analysis and, obviously, the characterization and definition of the dynamic behaviour of a structure had not yet been achieved. The frontal element design suggests their engineers’ designers had at that time an accurate knowledge about the dynamic phenomenology involved in the seismic behaviour of the pombaline building. In this article we present structural calculations performed on a ‘frontal pombalino’ standard, used in the ‘Pombalino cage’, which demonstrate that the military engineers had not only a perfect understanding of the St. André cross potential, but they also know the role played by the filling mortar in the seismic response of the Pombaline building. The infill cracks when a seismic occurs and a large number of slits are formed, and each crack acts as an energy dumper (a power sink).
Ecological planning of the urban residential area for the sustainable development
Authors: Kang Ning , Liu Yan , Wang Zhihong
Published: May 2021

Residential area is closely related to human living environment, and the construction of ecological residential area has become an important part of current architectural research. Studies on the landscape planning and design development direction of urban ecological residential area from the perspective of sustainable development were made in this paper, and then taking the planning and design project of “Cihu Lake Peninsula of Country Garden” in Huangshi city of China as an example, discussions about how to adjust measures to local conditions, put people first and keep pace with the times in landscape construction of eco-residential area were also present. This study provides reference for the combination of theory and practice of eco-residential planning and design.
Effect of fly ash and graphite addition on the tribological behavior of aluminium composites
Authors: Sharma Vipin Kumar , Singh Ramesh Chandra , Chaudhary Rajiv
Published: May 2021

The present work discusses the wear and friction studies of aluminium graphite fly ash composite. Three aluminium composites, Al with 10 wt. % fly ash, Al with 10 wt. % graphite, and Al with 5 wt. % fly ash & 5 wt. % graphite were fabricated using the stir casting technique. A linear reciprocating tribometer was used to evaluate the wear and frictional behavior at two distinctive temperatures of 36 °C and 100 °C in dry and lubricated conditions. The aluminium with 10 wt. % fly ash resulted in the least amount of mass loss and coefficient of friction in dry as well as a lubricated condition at 36 °C, however, at a higher temperature of 100 °C the aluminium with 10% graphite exhibits the lowest mass loss and coefficient of friction value. It is concluded that for dry sliding conditions, aluminium fly ash composite could be used as a potential material for applications that are to be operated at room temperature and for high-temperature applications aluminium graphite composite is more suitable.
CuO/rGO nanocomposite as an anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Yong , Duan Chao Nan , Jiang Zhou , bin Zhou Xue , Wang Ying
Published: May 2021

The porous copper oxide (CuO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was prepared by hydrothermal procedure and stirred with graphene oxide dispersion. The composite was employed as anode material to prepare a lithium-ion battery. The effects of different copper sources on the morphology and chemical properties of the materials were studied. Our findings revealed that the structure of CuO with different morphologies was significantly different, which changed the bonding mode of CuO/ RGO composites. Our study discovered that the thorn-like B and spherical A and D possess greater capacity and cycle stability. After 100 charge-discharge processes with 200 mAg−1 current density, the reversible capacities were 295 mAhg−1, 290 mAhg−1, and 313mAhg−1.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of rhenium and GH3128 superalloy dissimilar welded joints by electron beam welding
Authors: Fan Linhao , Li Dong , Jia Shudang , Tao Fu , Chen Jieshi
Published: May 2021

This research aims to study the dissimilar welded joint of rhenium and GH3128 made by electron beam welding. The microstructure, solidification behavior, mechanical properties, and Re distribution behavior of the weld were systematically researched. The results showed that an excellently joint is obtained, and no defects such as cracks and pores were found in the weld. But thermal cracks occur on the Re base material under the influence of heat input. The fusion zone was mainly composed of columnar dendrites, while the plane grains grow near the Re-side fusion line (reaction layer), which was always enriched in the Re element. Re is evenly distributed in the Ni matrix as a solid solution element so that the hardness of the joint is always higher than that of the GH3128 base material. The tensile strength of the joint reached 498 Mpa and the elongation was about 3%. The tensile fracture occurred at the position of the reaction layer. The high hardness and brittleness of the reaction layer are attributed to the high content of Re and a lot of low-angle grain boundaries.
The heat equation on the finite Poincaré upper half-plane
Authors: DeDeo M. , Velasquez Elinor
Published: May 2021

A differential-difference operator is used to model the heat equation on a finite graph analogue of Poincaré’s upper half-plane. Finite analogues of the classical theta functions are shown to be solutions to the heat equation in this setting.
On an intercritical log-modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two spatial dimensions
Authors: Carles Rémi , Sparber Christof
Published: May 2021

We consider a dispersive equation of Schrödinger type with a nonlinearity slightly larger than cubic by a logarithmic factor. This equation is supposed to be an effective model for stable two dimensional quantum droplets with Lee-Huang-Yang correction. Mathematically, it is seen to be mass supercritical and energy subcritical with a sign-indefinite nonlinearity. For the corresponding initial value problem, we prove global in-time existence of strong solutions in the energy space. Furthermore, we prove the existence and uniqueness (up to symmetries) of nonlinear ground states and the orbital stability of the set of energy minimizers. We also show that for the corresponding model in 1D a stronger stability result is available.
Permitted and restricted steps of human kinetochore assembly in mitotic cell extracts
Authors: Tarasovetc Ekaterina V. , Allu Praveen Kumar , Wimbish Robert T. , DeLuca Jennifer G. , Cheeseman Iain M. , Black Ben E. , Grishchuk Ekaterina L.
Published: May 2021

This work represents the first systematic analysis of kinetochore assembly in human mitotic cell extracts. Using recombinant and native proteins, we show that only a few assembly steps are permitted, suggesting that multiple mechanisms guard against the spurious formation of microtubule-binding kinetochore particles in the cytoplasm of mitotic cells.
Invited Commentary: Religious Service Attendance and Implications for Clinical Care, Community Participation, and Public Health
Authors: VanderWeele Tyler J , Balboni Tracy A , Koh Howard K
Published: May 2021

In this commentary, we review the evidence concerning associations between religious service attendance and subsequent health and wellbeing outcomes. The evidence base for a link between religious service attendance and health has increased substantially over the past 2 decades. The interpretation and implications of this research require careful consideration (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(1):20–30). It would be inappropriate to universally promote service attendance solely on the grounds of the associations with health. Nevertheless, a more nuanced approach, within both clinical care and public health, may be possible—one that encouraged participation in religious community for those who already positively self-identified with a religious or spiritual tradition and encouraged other forms of community participation for those who did not. Discussion is given to potential future research directions and the challenges and opportunities for promotion efforts by the public health community.
Peripheral infiltration of remdesivir in 3 patients with COVID-19: Case series and discussion
Authors: van Merendonk Lisanne N , Leeuwerik Anke F , den Brok Monique W J , Hekking Pieter-Paul W , Korevaar Daniel A , Jacobs Christian J , Bet Pierre M
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in accelerated market access to remdesivir worldwide. Therefore, data about complications experienced during use of the drug are limited. This is the first published case series (1 case report exists) to describe remdesivir infiltration in 3 patients with COVID-19.

In the first case, a 91-year-old woman experienced remdesivir infiltration resulting in edema, hematoma at the area of infiltration; on palpation, the affected area felt cooler than the surrounding areas. Swelling was still present after 6 weeks. In the second case, remdesivir infiltration occurred in a 72-year-old male, resulting in edema, hematoma, and pain at the area of infiltration. The hematoma lasted for 7 days. The third case concerned a 67-year-old woman, in whom remdesivir infiltration led to edema and a small hematoma. The hematoma regressed to a negligible size within 3 days. However, a week after infiltration, redness had reappeared. In 2 cases, the patient was immediately treated with hyaluronidase injections, but no specific treatments were provided in the other case.

Conclusion

Based on the product information provided by remdesivir’s manufacturer, we believe symptoms and signs observed in the 3 cases may have resulted from the low pH (~4) of the nonbuffered remdesivir solution, although the patients were not formally assessed for caustic injury. Previous experience with other noncytotoxic medications suggests that infusion-specific factors (eg, volume of leaked fluid) and patient-specific factors (eg, advanced age) may have a role in the outcome of remdesivir infiltration. The possibility of symptoms caused by cyclodextrins in the formulation or by intrinsic toxicity of remdesivir warrants exploration.
Geographic variation in shoot structure in association with fruit size in an evergreen woody species
Authors: Goto Takuma , Osada Noriyuki
Published: May 2021

The generality of scaling relationships between multiple shoot traits, known as Corner’s rules, has been considered to reflect the biomechanical limits to trees and tree organs among the species of different leaf sizes. Variation in fruit size within species would also be expected to affect shoot structure by changing the mechanical and hydraulic stresses caused by the mass and water requirement of fruits. We investigated the differences in shoot structure and their relationship with fruit size in Camellia japonica from 12 sites in a wide geographic range in Japan. This species is known to produce larger fruits with thicker pericarps in more southern populations because warmer climates induce more intensive arms race between the fruit size and the rostrum length of its obligate seed predator. We found that, in association with the change in fruit size, the diameter and mass of 1-year-old stems were negatively associated with latitude, but the total mass and area of 1-year-old leaves did not change with latitude. Consequently, the length of 1-year-old stems and the total mass and area of 1-year-old leaves at a given stem diameter were positively associated with latitude in the allometric relationships. In contrast, the allometric relationships between stem diameter and total mass of the 1-year-old shoot complex (the leaves, stems and fruits that were supported by a 1-year-old stem) did not differ across the trees of different latitudes. Thus, natural selection on fruit size is considered to influence the other traits of Corner’s rules in C. japonica, but all of the traits of Corner’s rules do not necessarily change in a similar manner across latitudinal gradients.
Utilizing image and caption information for biomedical document classification
Authors: Li Pengyuan , Jiang Xiangying , Zhang Gongbo , Trabucco Juan Trelles , Raciti Daniela , Smith Cynthia , Ringwald Martin , Marai G Elisabeta , Arighi Cecilia , Shatkay Hagit
Published: May 2021

Motivation

Biomedical research findings are typically disseminated through publications. To simplify access to domain-specific knowledge while supporting the research community, several biomedical databases devote significant effort to manual curation of the literature—a labor intensive process. The first step toward biocuration requires identifying articles relevant to the specific area on which the database focuses. Thus, automatically identifying publications relevant to a specific topic within a large volume of publications is an important task toward expediting the biocuration process and, in turn, biomedical research. Current methods focus on textual contents, typically extracted from the title-and-abstract. Notably, images and captions are often used in publications to convey pivotal evidence about processes, experiments and results.

Results

We present a new document classification scheme, using both image and caption information, in addition to titles-and-abstracts. To use the image information, we introduce a new image representation, namely Figure-word, based on class labels of subfigures. We use word embeddings for representing captions and titles-and-abstracts. To utilize all three types of information, we introduce two information integration methods. The first combines Figure-words and textual features obtained from captions and titles-and-abstracts into a single larger vector for document representation; the second employs a meta-classification scheme. Our experiments and results demonstrate the usefulness of the newly proposed Figure-words for representing images. Moreover, the results showcase the value of Figure-words, captions and titles-and-abstracts in providing complementary information for document classification; these three sources of information when combined, lead to an overall improved classification performance.

Availability and implementation

Source code and the list of PMIDs of the publications in our datasets are available upon request.
NeoFox: annotating neoantigen candidates with neoantigen features
Authors: Lang Franziska , Riesgo-Ferreiro Pablo , Löwer Martin , Sahin Ugur , Schrörs Barbara
Published: May 2021

The detection and prediction of true neoantigens is of great importance for the field of cancer immunotherapy. Wesearched the literature for proposed neoantigen features and integrated them into a toolbox called NEOantigen Feature toolbOX (NeoFox). NeoFox is an easy-to-use Python package that enables the annotation of neoantigen candidates with 16 neoantigen features.

Availability and implementation

NeoFox is freely available as an open source Python package released under the GNU General Public License (GPL) v3 license at https://github.com/TRON-Bioinformatics/neofox.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CrepHAN: cross-species prediction of enhancers by using hierarchical attention networks
Authors: Hong Jianwei , Gao Ruitian , Yang Yang
Published: May 2021

Motivation

Enhancers are important functional elements in genome sequences. The identification of enhancers is a very challenging task due to the great diversity of enhancer sequences and the flexible localization on genomes. Till now, the interactions between enhancers and genes have not been fully understood yet. To speed up the studies of the regulatory roles of enhancers, computational tools for the prediction of enhancers have emerged in recent years. Especially, thanks to the ENCODE project and the advances of high-throughput experimental techniques, a large amount of experimentally verified enhancers have been annotated on the human genome, which allows large-scale predictions of unknown enhancers using data-driven methods. However, except for human and some model organisms, the validated enhancer annotations are scarce for most species, leading to more difficulties in the computational identification of enhancers for their genomes.

Results

In this study, we propose a deep learning-based predictor for enhancers, named CrepHAN, which is featured by a hierarchical attention neural network and word embedding-based representations for DNA sequences. We use the experimentally supported data of the human genome to train the model, and perform experiments on human and other mammals, including mouse, cow and dog. The experimental results show that CrepHAN has more advantages on cross-species predictions, and outperforms the existing models by a large margin. Especially, for human-mouse cross-predictions, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) score of ROC curve is increased by 0.033∼0.145 on the combined tissue dataset and 0.032∼0.109 on tissue-specific datasets.

Availability and implementation

bcmi.sjtu.edu.cn/∼yangyang/CrepHAN.html

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Improving deep learning-based protein distance prediction in CASP14
Authors: Guo Zhiye , Wu Tianqi , Liu Jian , Hou Jie , Cheng Jianlin
Published: May 2021

Motivation

Accurate prediction of residue–residue distances is important for protein structure prediction. We developed several protein distance predictors based on a deep learning distance prediction method and blindly tested them in the 14th Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP14). The prediction method uses deep residual neural networks with the channel-wise attention mechanism to classify the distance between every two residues into multiple distance intervals. The input features for the deep learning method include co-evolutionary features as well as other sequence-based features derived from multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). Three alignment methods are used with multiple protein sequence/profile databases to generate MSAs for input feature generation. Based on different configurations and training strategies of the deep learning method, five MULTICOM distance predictors were created to participate in the CASP14 experiment.

Results

Benchmarked on 37 hard CASP14 domains, the best performing MULTICOM predictor is ranked 5th out of 30 automated CASP14 distance prediction servers in terms of precision of top L/5 long-range contact predictions [i.e. classifying distances between two residues into two categories: in contact (<8 Angstrom) and not in contact otherwise] and performs better than the best CASP13 distance prediction method. The best performing MULTICOM predictor is also ranked 6th among automated server predictors in classifying inter-residue distances into 10 distance intervals defined by CASP14 according to the precision of distance classification. The results show that the quality and depth of MSAs depend on alignment methods and sequence databases and have a significant impact on the accuracy of distance prediction. Using larger training datasets and multiple complementary features improves prediction accuracy. However, the number of effective sequences in MSAs is only a weak indicator of the quality of MSAs and the accuracy of predicted distance maps. In contrast, there is a strong correlation between the accuracy of contact/distance predictions and the average probability of the predicted contacts, which can therefore be more effectively used to estimate the confidence of distance predictions and select predicted distance maps.

Availability and implementation

The software package, source code and data of DeepDist2 are freely available at https://github.com/multicom-toolbox/deepdist and https://zenodo.org/record/4712084#.YIIM13VKhQM.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Moving to the city: testing the implications of morphological shifts on locomotor performance in introduced urban lizards
Authors: Vaughn Princeton L , Mcqueen Wyatt , Gangloff Eric J
Published: May 2021

Understanding how morphology affects performance in novel environments and how populations shift their morphology in response to environmental selective pressures is necessary to understand how invaders can be successful. We tested these relationships in a global colonizer, the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), translocated to Cincinnati, OH, USA 70 years ago. We investigated how morphology shifts in this population inhabiting a novel environment, how these morphological shifts influence locomotor performance and how performance changes in novel conditions. We compared the morphology of museum specimens and current lizards to see which aspects of morphology have shifted over time. Although overall body size did not change, most body dimensions reduced in size. We measured sprint speed with a full-factorial design of substrate type, incline angle and obstacles. We identified a pattern of negative correlation in sprint performance between conditions with and without obstacles. The locomotor advantage of larger body size was diminished when obstacles were present. Finally, there was no relationship between individual variation in contemporary morphology and sprint performance, providing no support to the hypothesis that these shifts are attributable to selective pressures on locomotor performance in the conditions tested.
International snapshot study exploring the impact of COVID-19 on elective inguinal hernia repair
Authors:   RETAINER Collaborative Group, Fleming Christina , Croghan Stefanie , Elliot Jessie , Mohan Helen , Boland Michael , Bolger Jarlath , O'Neill Aine , Fullard Anna , Creavin Ben , Murphy Brenda , Cullinane Carolyn , Hayes Cathal , Clancy Cillian , Neary Colm , Kennedy Czara , Harji Deena , Manatakis Dimitris , Ryan Eanna , Hannon Enda , Burke Eoghan , Pata Francesco , McDermott Frank , Gallo Gaetano , Pellino Gianluca , Early Helen , Reynolds Ian , Ryan Jessica , Mendes João Luiz Tavares , Clements Joshua , Ng Kin Cheung , Akmenkalne Liga , Aljohmani Lylas , Davey Matt , Alqassab Mohammed , Navidad Monica Serrano , Hardy Niall , McInerney Niall , Foley Niamh , Tasis Nikolaos , Donlon Noel , Boland Patrick , Jordan Patrick , Lonergan Peter , Stevens Sean , O'Brien Stephen , Murphy Suzanne , Barnes Tracey ,   Irish Surgical Research Collaborative
Published: May 2021

The RETAINER Collaborative Group reports the impact of COVID-19 on international elective inguinal hernia practice.