bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MÉXICO: la perspectiva de los estudiantes universitarios juarenses ante las reformas estructurales
Authors: Alberto Rodríguez Alonso, Jesús , Pacheco González Sergio
Published: October 2020

Considerando que hay un vacío en términos de estudios más profundos que tengan en cuenta las subjetividades sobre cuestiones importantes para el desarrollo del país, el objetivo de este trabajo es conocer los conocimientos, percepciones y valoraciones que los estudiantes universitarios de Ciudad Juárez tienen sobre las reformas estructurales que el gobierno ha desarrollado los últimos años. Para lograrlo se hizo través del análisis de diversas encuestas de opinión y cinco grupos focales que posibilitó una aproximación a las percepciones sobre la ciudadanía, democracia, política, y desempeño gubernamental.
LIMITES DA COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL: O CASO DE MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Alejandro Sebastian Barrios Diaz José
Published: October 2020

O artigo faz uma incursão sobre a natureza da cooperação internacional em Moçambique para entender alguns limites dessa prática política. Em perspectiva histórica, procura-se explicar a cooperação internacional como um produto das relações internacionais do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial ao apresentar dois conceitos divergentes sobre essa matéria, a Ajuda Oficial ao Desenvolvimento e a Cooperação Sul-Sul, que trazem à tona as ontologias das políticas de cooperação em Moçambique, das quais o Brasil atualmente é um ator muito relevante. Em seguida, o foco do artigo recai sobre a história recente e o contexto social de Moçambique para enfatizar o caráter de dependência estrutural que esse país apresentava dos recursos estrangeiros que vinham sobre o signo da cooperação internacional. A partir do estudo histórico da cooperação em Moçambique, entre 1975 e 2015, o artigo questiona o "lugar" da cooperação para esse país e os possíveis "limites" que essa cooperação encontra. Destacam-se três limites estruturais: (i) limites em relação ao exercício da soberania nacional; (ii) limites em relação aos interesses nacionais dos doadores; e (iii) limites econômicos.
A TECNOLOGIA RAPHA E SUA INCORPORAÇÃO NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE-SUS: INOVAÇÃO DE BAIXO CUSTO DENTRO DOS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE
Authors: De Siqueira Rodrigues Fleury Rosa Suélia , Rosa Fleury Mário , Guimarães Duarte Domínguez Aldira , Federico Domínguez Avila Carlos , Marques da Silva Ferreira Aline
Published: October 2020

A diabetes mellitus é uma patologia caracteriza pelo aumento do açúcar no sangue, ela tem atingido um crescimento considerável entre a população brasileira. Provavelmente esse crescimento se dê devido aos maus hábitos alimentares, sedentarismo e falta de informação. É uma doença que demanda atenção e cuidado, pois através dela o individuo pode desenvolver outras patologias, como as neuropatias periféricas que são as principais causadoras do pé diabético. Esse trabalho visa esclarecer sobre a importância do cuidado com o portador de pé diabético e a importância de inovar o tratamento com tecnológicas acessíveis e de baixo custo.
MEDICAL DEVICE DESIGN: CONSIDERATIONS FOR GLOBALLY FOCUSED INNOVATION
Authors: Lynn Melina , Hannula Matt , Dos Santos Icaro
Published: October 2020

The disparity in appropriate healthcare technologies between developed and developing countries is one of the greatest issues facing the global quality of healthcare today. While hospitals in developing countries boast cutting edge-life saving healthcare technologies, many healthcare facilities in the developing world do not have access to even the most rudimentary supplies and technologies to treat patients. This mismatch results from a number of shortcomings across the medical device industry and represents a failure of new healthcare technologies to reach their full potential. This paper aims to promote awareness of the healthcare technology disparity and provide recommendations for the design and implementation of medical devices for the global market.
NANOTECNOLOGIA E NANOCIÊNCIA: CONSIDERAÇÕES HISTÓRICA E INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Romero Soares Sousa Cesar , Lima de Holanda Adriana , Beatriz Alves Nunes Anna , Silveira Araújo Alves Graziela , Carvalho Sampaio Marina
Published: October 2020

A nanotecnologia está presente na humanidade acerca de dois mil anos. Inicialmente usada de forma empírica, ao longo dos anos, com o interesse público, seu uso foi racionalizado de maneira sistemática e precisa. Essa ferramenta enquadra tecnologias e processos que manipulam ou exploram estruturas nanométricas em busca de propriedades físico-químicas e comportamentais diferentes daquelas apresentadas em escalas maiores, possibilitando a criação de materiais, substâncias, produtos, dispositivos e sistemas que podem ser aplicados de forma multi e interdisciplinar. Em acelerado e intenso crescimento, a nanotecnologia tem alcançado investimentos vultuosos em todo o mundo, e o Brasil é um dos países que tem investido sua economia nessa tecnologia e, que hoje, possui prioridade de depósito de patentes relacionadas à nanobiotecnologia. Essa ciência inovadora tem permitido significativos avanços em diversas áreas que, não sendo novas, começam a ser reinventadas. Assim, a nanotecnologia está emergindo como a próxima revolução tecnológica, com eventuais efeitos sobre todos os aspectos da vida, sendo que, independente do segmento, há o consenso de que o crescimento da capacidade da construção molecular mudará profundamente o mundo atual.
DEMOCRACIA Y DERECHO A LA INTEGRIDAD PERSONAL
Authors: Fabiola García-Álvarez Martha
Published: October 2020

En la investigación realizada se expone cómo se viola el derecho a la integridad personal en México, con la democracia en decadencia, la cual defiende la soberanía del pueblo con derecho a elegir gobernante, sin embargo se viola la dignidad del mismo, la integridad física y psíquica. El derecho a la igualdad no existe sin libertad, siendo afectados en mexicanos por la criminalidad, que a su vez ésta es susceptible a factores de riesgo que generan conflictos sociales y desestabilizan las garantías individuales y la democracia; resquebrajándose la confianza del pueblo hacia los tres poderes ejecutivo, legislativo y judicial, incrementándose el fenómeno de la “justicia por propia mano”.
LÁTEX COMO BIOMATERIAL E SUAS POTENCIALIDADES NA ÁREA MÉDICA
Authors: Do Socorro de Lima Silva Maria , Evangelista dos Santos Ludmila , Virgolino da Silva Luz Glécia , Carlos Tatmatsu Rocha José , Guimarães Duarte Dantas Aldene
Published: October 2020

O látex é uma borracha natural obtida da árvore Hevea brasiliensis da região norte brasileira. Este material possui diversas aplicações na indústria, por sua propriedade viscoelástica e potencialidades de aplicação na área têxtil, automotiva, médica, entre outras. Perante tal fato, o presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar as publicações científicas realizadas, nos últimos cinco anos, sobre as potencialidades do látex como biomaterial na área médica. Os trabalhos científicos selecionados foram obtidos nas bases de dados: Elsevier (CrossRef), Medline/Pubmed (NLM), Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Scopus (Elsevier), SCIELO, LILACS, Google acadêmico, Clinicaltrials.gov, Science Direct e na plataforma Periódicos CAPES. Acessados o portal Periódicos CAPES, utilizou-se as palavras-chaves “biomaterial”, “biomedical engineering”, “health”, “medicine” e “latex”, e com período de busca de 2014-2018, para artigos revisados por pares. Como resultado desta pesquisa bibliográfica, verificou-se que o látex tem sido utilizado, principalmente, em regeneração óssea com 21,52% das publicações obtidas. 14,91% apresentaram estudos na área de estética e 14,69% na área de oftalmológica, entre outras aplicações. Observou-se que as perspectivas futuras para o uso de látex têm crescido significativamente nos últimos cinco anos, gerando benefícios à sociedade pela sua ação terapêutica e pela geração de empregos na sua obtenção.
O PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS E FITOTERÁPICOS, OS ARRANJOS PRODUTIVOS LOCAIS (APL’S) DAS AGRICULTORAS FAMILIARES E AO ACESSO AO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Lutzgarda Collabina Ramirez Abrahão Eliana , Costa Carvalho Joseane
Published: October 2020

O acesso a fitoterapia como uma medida integrativa de saúde já é mundialmente utilizado. E no Brasil, também, está sendo aplicada à programas de saúde, em razão da diversidade de plantas medicinais, que possibilita altos níveis de oferta à demanda e à necessidade de medicamentos alternativos, o que reduz o preço das ofertas de mercado. O Ministério da Saúde, estimula estudos e pesquisas que aperfeiçoem propostas de saúde integrativa a partir da fitoterapia, assim como analisa propostas executadas junto ao SUS. O Programa Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos (PNPMF) apoia e incentiva o input tecnológico, sociológico e financeiro dos APL’s de plantas medicinais por representar uma associação de universos, quais sejam, a academia e suas pesquisas, o setor empresarial, consolidando a biodiversidade e a indústria farmacêutica nacional. O Programa SUS ao interagir com os APL’s, também se articula com a agricultura familiar, são pequenos agricultores familiares originários do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra, que estão inseridos ao Programa de Fitoterapia do Sistema Único de Saúde, ligados a produção de plantas medicinais. Estes agricultores receberam apoio financeiros do Programa de Pequenos Projetos eco sociais, o que garantiu a implantação de hortas, parcerias com capacitações técnicas. A necessidade de maiores informações sobre produção e comercialização. A interação universidade, pesquisa e projetos de extensão viabilizam fortalecimento da proposta. Este artigo objetiva descrever como se deu a implantação de um APL de plantas medicinais junto a assentamentos dos Sem Terra no município de Padre Berardo; e analisar o processo da construção do conhecimento desde o conhecimento tradicional até o conhecimento cientifico; e analisar como se encontra o acesso ao SUS seja para venda dos fitoterápicos dos APL’s de agricultores, seja para distribuição dos fitoterápicos aos pacientes do SUS. Portanto usamos uma metodologia da pesquisa-ação, buscando não somente pesquisar mas transformar a realidade. O recurso financiado pelo CNPq foi fundamental para a realização dos cursos, que aconteceram na sede do Assentamento Vereda 1 de Padre Bernardo, com Professores e estudantes da Universidade de Brasília e Universidade Católica. Concluímos o acesso a compra dos fitoterápicos produzidos pelos agricultores familiares não tem se realizado porque os agricultores familiares são restritos a vender a matéria prima e não conseguir superar os estágios bioquímicos e de mercado da cadeia produtiva. O que pode ser superado a partir de investimentos em cursos técnicos e investimento em equipamentos laboratoriais. O acesso do paciente ao SUS tem sido dificultado pelo próprio paciente que desvaloriza abordagens alternativas, o que pode ser alterado a partir de ações concientizadoras e de valorização e resgate cultural.
DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER: UM OLHAR FRENTE AO CUIDADOR FAMILIAR
Authors: Cavalcante de Arêdo Juliana , Alves Ferreira Soares da Rocha Valeria , Bezerra dos Santos Brandão Iolanda
Published: October 2020

A população idosa vem crescendo no mundo e no Brasil, com seu avanço populacional e o aumento da expectativa de vida, surgem diferentes tipos de doenças, sendo a Doença de Alzheimer (DA), umas das demências mais neurodegenerativa progressiva e fatal. O sintoma inicial da doença é caracterizado pela perda progressiva da memória recente. Na evolução da mesma, outras funções também serão identificadas com o comprometimento cognitivo, deambulação prejudicada, linguagem alterada até incontinência urinária e fecal. Objetivo:Discutir o impacto da doença de Alzheimer (DA) frente à família e/ou cuidador. Método:Trata-se de revisão da Literatura onde foram selecionados artigos organizados em bases de dados como Scielo, Lilacs, revistas Periódicas, Teses, Livro de tratado de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Protocolos e Diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde, site virtual da Associação Brasileira do Alzheimer. Os dados foram coletados entre anos de 2010 a 2017. Conclusão: O cuidador familiar e todos os familiares sofrem muitos impactos emocionais e físicos com a convivência com o portador, no entanto alguns grupos de apoio são disponibilizados, para sanar algumas dúvidas, questionamento e saber lidar com este portador na evolução da doença.
EVOLUÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NO BRASIL: DA TEORIA À PRÁTICA
Authors: Roberto Rosa Ávila Ângelo , Fonseca Vicente
Published: October 2020

O reconhecimento dos abusos e arbitrariedades cometidas quando da eclosão e durante os conflitos mundiais ocorridos no início do século XIX que perduraram até sua primeira metade, e que importaram em práticas de incomparável violência e barbárie entre os diferentes povos, os Estados reconheceram a necessidade de criação de limites internacionais para preservação da espécie humana, e, bem assim, de que era necessária a elaboração de uma carta comum de direitos fundamentais, que, em um primeiro momento, privilegiassem a vida, a liberdade, a igualdade, e o direito de propriedade. Assim, surge a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, promulgada em 1948, trazendo direitos de caráter universal, indivisível e interdependentes. O Brasil, por sua vez, rompeu com o passado histórico de abuso, autoritarismo e  arbitrariedade, promulgando a Constituição Federal de 1988, que se torna símbolo da cidadania e liberdade de expressão, sendo chamada de Carta Cidadã, pelo destaque dado à defesa de direitos fundamentais, traçados pela Declaração Universal de quarenta anos antes. Como signatário de todos os pactos internacionais que se relacionam ao tema, o Brasil torna-se precursor da consolidação democrática, inserindo os Direitos Humanos como programa de governo, editando, a partir de 1995, o Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos, que atualmente está em sua terceira versão atualizada.
ORIENTAÇÃO SEXUAL E INCLUSÃO NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES COM DIVERSIDADE CULTURAL
Authors: Paulo Albuquerque de Mendonça, Afonso , Amora Santos de Aragão Cristine , Marinho Bastos Elaine , Couras Del Vecchio Rosângela
Published: October 2020

O estudo sobre a diversidade nas organizações é tema emergente, apesar de muitos tabus. Diversas formas de diversidade são invisíveis aos gestores e líderes organizacionais e consequentemente ainda existe a discriminação diante de cargos hierarquicamente mais elevados, evidenciando preconceitos que comprometem a autoestima e geram sentimentos de exclusão. Tais aspectos foram evidenciados nesta pesquisa a partir da percepção de inclusão em uma organização varejista de Fortaleza, Ceará. Dez profissionais do sexo masculino e homoafetivos participaram da entrevista relatando a percepção da orientação sexual e o sentimento de inclusão na organização em que trabalham. A pesquisa teve foco qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, obtendo dados por meio de entrevista. Os principais resultados mostram que os discursos empresariais são pouco efetivos devido ao preconceito arraigado, a pouca permissividade gerencial quanto a inclusão da diversidade e à ausência de senso coletivo de diversidade. Minorias e não minorias demonstraram preconceito e atitudes discriminatórias entre si, evidenciando dificuldades no respeito às diferenças.
GETÚLIO VARGAS E O PROCESSO DECISÓRIO EM 1940 UMA EPISTEMOLOGIA DA EXPECTATIVA
Authors: Bueno Nidi , Lustosa Victor Rogério
Published: October 2020

Em meados de 1940, no contexto das vitórias alemãs na guerra europeia, o governo brasileiro ainda não havia deixado efetivamente claro para que lado penderia, se para o de Washington ou para o de Berlim. 1940 era, por excelência, um ano de incertezas. No significativo número de possibilidades nele presentes, nem mesmo os mais aguerridos inimigos do Führer subestimavam a possibilidade da efetivação de uma parceria estratégica entre o Brasil e a Alemanha ou deixavam de levá-la a sério. No entanto o historiador das relações internacionais, ao conhecer o “futuro passado”, subestimou o lugar ocupado pelo Reich na diplomacia brasileira e definiu a aliança com Washington quando o jogo ainda estava sendo jogado.
Considerações sobre o suicídio no Distrito Federal
Authors: Cardoso Manoel Santana , Valle de Paiva Eugenia Wandeck , Costa Rocha Ludmila Maria
Published: October 2020

Considerado um problema de saúde pública pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), o suicídio é um fenômeno que representa uma das maiores causas evitáveis de mortalidade em todas as regiões do mundo, ocorrendo especialmente entre jovens e idosos, sendo corrente, também entre populações isoladas, tais como indígenas. O presente estudo objetiva caracterizar o perfil do suicídio no Distrito Federal, no período de 2008 a 2017, relacionando-os aos aspectos sociodemográficos, métodos utilizados e ano de ocorrência. Os dados aqui analisados foram obtidos junto ao Departamento de Informática do SUS/Ministério da Saúde (DATASUS). O bem-estar mental e social do indivíduo deve ser garantido através de políticas sociais, econômicas e ambientais, vez que a saúde é direito de todos e dever do Estado (LODF, art. 204, caput e inciso I). Apesar dos índices alarmantes de suicídio no Distrito Federal, na Câmara Legislativa a morte voluntária só começou a ser discutida em meados do ano de 2011. Assim, os dados foram analisados na perspectiva de permitirem a criação de políticas públicas efetivas para a prevenção ao suicídio que possibilitem a redução das taxas existentes na capital do Brasil.
Los nuevos proyectos de integración regional vigentes en América Latina: la Alternativa Bolivariana para Nuestra América y la Comunidad Sudamericana de Naciones
Authors: Nahuel Oddone Carlos , Granato Leonardo
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo se centra en abordar el origen y los principios y líneas de acción de dos nuevas propuestas de integración regional en América Latina: la Alternativa Bolivariana para Nuestra América (ALBA) y la Comunidad Sudamericana de Naciones (CSN). En este sentido, y en aras de vislumbrar el movimiento que le den a ambos proyectos los Estados que los integran; se comenta brevemente la postura de los diferentes países de la región frente a los mismos. Asimismo, en virtud de entender la autonomía como fin último del ALBA y CSN, es que se encuadrará a los mismos dentro de dos tipos específicos de autonomía: la autonomía secesionista y la autonomía relacional.
Políticas Públicas para Populações Tradicionais: reflexões sobre a prática antropológica em espaços governamentais
Authors: Moreira Lima Ludmila
Published: October 2020

Com base em duas experiências de trabalho envolvendo a prática antropológica fora do espaço acadêmico e dentro do campo governamental, propomos uma reflexão sobre a ampliação do fazer antropológico quando relacionado ao desenvolvimento de políticas públicas. Assim, o nosso objetivo é o de avaliar de que modo o capital teórico-conceitual-metodológico produzido no campo da Antropologia pode ser útil no sentido de enriquecer e problematizar processos e ações, pela incorporação de novos instrumentos de análise e pela revelação de dimensões esquecidas pelos agentes governamentais.
O Brasil nas coalizões de geometria variável e os desafios da nova ordem global
Authors: Catraio Monteiro Aguiar João Henrique
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo pretende investigar a coalizão entre o Brasil e outros países emergentes. Para tanto, será feita uma análise do panorama internacional na qual evoluem as relações. Ainda, enfocará os grupos que tem a presença brasileira: G-3, G-4, G-5, G-20, BASIC, BRIC. O texto intenta demonstrar como esses grupos podem promover a aceleração do processo de mudança na ordem global, e para isso, eles agem de diferentes maneiras.
A crise hondurenha e a recomposição das relações hemisféricas: a perspectiva brasileira
Authors: Federico Domíngues Avila Carlos
Published: October 2020

A comunicação explora as repercussões do golpe de Estado em Honduras (2009) e seus desdobramentos endógenos e exógenos, com destaque para a - firme - posição brasileira no episodio. O trabalho é resultado de pesquisa de campo, analise de fontes primárias, crítica de fontes secundárias (especialmente as publicadas em veículos acadêmicos brasileiros), e de um sistemático seguimento da situação imperante no país centro-americano. A estrutura interna da comunicação inclui introdução, três parágrafos principais, e considerações finais.
Model Prediksi Arus Kas di Masa Depan (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi yang Terdaftar di BEI)
Authors: Maharani Yunita
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine future operating cash flows by measuring the independent variables, namely gross profit, operating profit, net income and as additional information for users of the company's financial statements. External companies, especially investors, make this information a consideration in investing. The object of research is a telecommunications company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2009-2018. Data were analyzed using the EVIEWS 9 program with panel data regression analysis. The results showed that gross profit had a significant negative effect on cash flow, operating profit had a significant positive effect on cash flow, net income had a negative effect on cash flow. Simultaneously, gross profit, operating profit and net income have a negative effect on cash flow.
Efektivitas Komunikasi Interpersonal Pelatih dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa Sekolah Sepakbola di Kota Palembang
Authors: Sunarto Sunarto , Caropeboka Ratu Mutialela
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of interpersonal communication between trainers and students in shaping student character. The trainer's interpersonal communication effectiveness variables include: material, method, and time; while the student character variables are limited to: religious, honest, hard work, disciplined, and nationalist. Data analysis in this study used descriptive statistical analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis is carried out to present research data in the form of tables or graphs, while inferential statistical analysis uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which functions to test research hypotheses and various assumptions that must be met. The results of the study based on the statistical analysis of the structural equation model (Structural Equation Modeling) obtained a t-value of 4.56 > 1.96 and the Standardized Solution of 0.50. This means that it is concluded that the effectiveness of coach interpersonal communication has a positive and significant effect in shaping the character of football school students in the city of Palembang. The effectiveness of the coach's interpersonal communication has a direct effect of 50 percent in shaping the character of students. The higher the effectiveness of interpersonal communication between trainers and students, the more it will improve the character building of students, so that later students with religious, honest, hard-working, disciplined and nationalist characters are formed based on Pancasila.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Sepeda Motor NMAX pada PT Yamaha A. Rivai Palembang
Authors: Aditia Abdul Rahman Raka , Wadud Muhammad , DP M. Kurniawan
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengaruh kualitas produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen sepeda motor NMAX pada PT Yamaha A. Rivai Palembang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling dengan responden akhir berjumlah 50. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier sederhana pada SPSS V22. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk memiliki thitung>ttabel (15.209>2.01) dan taraf signifikansi (0,000<0,05). Ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas produk berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen. Hasil uji koefisien korelasi (R) adalah sebesar 0,910 yang berarti hubungan antara kualitas produk dengan kepuasan konsumen adalah sangat kuat (91%). Koefisiendeterminasi (R2) sebesar 0,828 yang berarti besarnya kontribusi kualitas produk bisa menjelaskan kepuasan konsumen sebesar 82,8% sisanya sebesar 17,2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitin ini.
Pengaruh Motivasi terhadap Semangat Kerja Pegawai pada Kantor Balai Diklat Keuangan Palembang
Authors: Sari Yetty Komala
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh motivasi terhadap semangat kerja pegawai pada kantor Balai Diklat Keuangan Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 52 orang responden, sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel jenuh. Pada penelitian ini variabel bebasnya yaitu motivasi dan variabel terikatnya semangat kerja. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui dari hasil uji koefisien korelasi di peroleh nilai sebesar 0,736 atau 73,6% yang berarti hubungan motivasi dengan semangat kerja yaitu kuat, selanjutnya dilakukan uji koefisien determinasi diketahui bahwa motivasi berpengaruh terhadap semangat kerja pegawai pada kantor Balai Diklat Keuangan Palembang sebesar 54,2% dan sisanya di pengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
Exploration, mapping and characterization of filtration galleries of the Pica Oasis, northern Chile: A contribution to the knowledge of the Pica aquifer
Authors: Lictevout Elisabeth , Abellanosa Carlos , Maass Constanza , Pérez Nicolás , Yáñez Gonzalo , Véronique Leonardi
Published: October 2020

In arid areas, the efficient management of scarce water resources is key for population survival and development. One of the oldest and greatest ancient water management system in drylands is the filtration gallery. Originated from ancient Persia, they were spread to other regions and cultures, and are found in the oasis of Pica, in the Atacama Desert. A filtration gallery consists of an almost horizontal tunnel dug underground until it reaches a water-bearing zone. It allows to tap and drains out groundwater, and thus a direct contact with groundwater table. With the objective to understand groundwater processes, preserve the water and geoheritage of one of the driest places on Earth and improve land-use planning, the present work explored and studied the filtration galleries, locally called socavones, of the oasis of Pica. Through direct exploration, topographical survey and geo-electrical prospection, 24 socavones were identified, mapped and their main physical features described, showing common traits with filtration galleries described worldwide, but also proper features highlighting their originality. The findings of the geological and hydrogeological studies of the socavones, complemented by physical and chemical analysis, allow to identify new groundwater recharge processes and, thus, to review and complete the hydrogeological model of the local aquifer of Pica. Most socavones are abandoned today, owing to physical and socioeconomic changes. Nevertheless, this study concludes that they can still have a role to play in the groundwater management of this arid area.
Transcatheter device closure of ventricular septal defects in children: a retrospective study at a single cardiac center
Authors: Khoshhal Saad Q. , Al-Mutairi Mansour B. , Alnajjar Abdulhameed A. , Morsy Mohamed M. , Salem Sherif S. , Al-Muhaya Mustafa , El-Harbi Khaled M. , Abo-Haded Hany M.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease in the pediatric population. Nowadays, trans-catheter closure is considered a feasible method of therapy for most muscular and some perimembranous types of VSDs.

OBJECTIVE:

Assess the safety, efficacy and outcome of percutaneous transcatheter closure of VSDs in children.

DESIGN:

Retrospective, single center study.

SETTING:

Madinah Cardiac Center, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The study included all consecutive children who underwent transcatheter closure of isolated VSD during the period from December 2014 to January 2019. The data were collected from hospital database medical records. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and an electrocardiogram (ECG) were done before and after the procedure in all the patients. The device was implanted by the retrograde or antegrade approach. All patients were subjected to follow-up evaluation at 1, 3, 6, 12 months, and annually thereafter with TTE and ECG.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Procedure success rate, clinical follow-up, TTE.

SAMPLE SIZE:

70 children.

RESULTS:

The mean (standard deviation) age of patients was 10.2 (4.1) years (range: 2-18 years), and their mean body weight was 30.9 (13.9) kg (range: 7.0-57.7 kg). Forty-eight (68.6%) children had muscular VSD (mVSD), and 22 (31.4%) children had perimembranous VSD (pmVSD). The majority of defects were closed via the retrograde approach using the Amplatzer muscular occluder device. At 24 hours after the procedure, the success rate was 90%. Only four (5.7%) cases had major adverse events including complete atrioventricular block, hemolysis, and thrombus formation.

CONCLUSION:

Transcatheter closure is a safe and feasible procedure in VSDs of various morphologies, with a low adverse event rate.

LIMITATIONS:

Retrospective design, single-center study, absence of control group.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Factors associated with facial weakness following surgery for benign parotid disease: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Albosaily Ahmad , Aldrees Turki , Doubi Aseel , Aldhwaihy Lulu , Al-Gazlan Najd S. , Alessa Mohammed , Al-Dhahri Saleh , Al-Qahtani Khalid
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Facial nerve weakness is the most common and most concerning complication after parotidectomy. Risk factors for this complication following surgery for benign diseases remain controversial.

OBJECTIVE:

Review the frequency and prognosis of facial nerve weakness after parotidectomy and analyze potential risk factors.

DESIGN:

Retrospective review of medical records.

SETTINGS:

Two tertiary care centers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

We included all parotidectomies performed for benign diseases from January 2006 to December 2018. Details about the development and recovery of postoperative facial weakness were recorded. Patient, disease and surgery-related variables were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify risk factors.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Frequency, recovery rates and risk factors for facial nerve weakness

SAMPLE SIZE:

191 parotidectomies, 183 patients, 61 patients with facial weakness.

RESULTS:

The frequency of postoperative facial weakness was 31.9% (61/191 parotidectomies). Among patients with temporary weakness, 90% regained normal facial movement within 6 months. Steroid therapy was not associated with a faster recovery. Postoperative weakness was not associated with age, diabetes, smoking, disease location, use of an intraoperative facial nerve monitor or direction of facial nerve dissection. Risk factors for temporary weakness were total parotidectomy and surgical specimens larger than 60 cubic centimeters. Revision surgery was the only identified risk factor for permanent weakness.

CONCLUSION:

Larger parotid resections increase the risk of temporary facial nerve weakness while permanent weakness is mainly influenced by previous surgeries.

LIMITATIONS:

Retrospective nature, underpowered sample size, selection bias associated with tertiary care cases.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Economic impact of diabetic foot ulcers on healthcare in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study
Authors: Alshammary Shadi , Othman Sharifah A. , Alshammari Eiman , Alarfaj Mosab A. , Lardhi Haitham Amer , Amer Nasser Mohamed , Elsaid Ayman S. , Alghamdi Hanan M.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting life quality and significantly impacting healthcare resources.

OBJECTIVE:

Determine the direct medical costs associated with treating DFU in King Fahad Hospital of the University and identify factors that could assist in developing resource management guidelines in Saudi Arabia.

DESIGN:

Retrospective study.

SETTING:

SETTING: King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The study included diabetic patients admitted with foot ulcerations between 2007 and 2017 inclusive. We determined management costs including drug usage, wound dressings, surgical procedures, admissions, and basic investigation.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Factors affecting the direct perspective medical costs of managing DFU.

SAMPLE SIZE:

99 patients.

RESULTS:

The overall cost of managing 99 patients with DFU was 6 618 043.3 SAR ($1 764 632.68 USD), which further translates to approximately 6684.9 SAR per patient/year ($1782.6 USD). The highest cost incurred was for admission expenditure (45.6%), followed by debridement (14.5%) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (10.4%).

CONCLUSION:

The overall healthcare expenditure in treating DFU is high, with hospital admissions and surgical procedures adding a significant increase to the total cost. Focused patient education on overall glycemic control and prevention of DFU may decrease complications and hence, the overall cost.

LIMITATIONS:

Identified only the direct medical costs of DFU as the indirect costs were subjective and more difficult to quantify.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Assessment of global total column water vapor sounding using a spaceborne differential absorption radar
Authors: Millán Luis , Roy Richard , Lebsock Matthew
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The feasibility of using a differential absorption radar (DAR) to
retrieve total column water vapor from space is investigated. DAR
combines at least two radar tones near an absorption line, in this
case a water vapor line, to measure humidity information from the
differential absorption “on” and “off” the line. From a spaceborne
platform, DAR can be used to retrieve total column water vapor by
measuring the differential reflection from the Earth's surface. We assess the expected precision, yield, and potential biases of
retrieved total column water vapor values by applying an end-to-end
radar instrument simulator to near-global weather analysis fields
collocated with CloudSat measurements. The approach allows us to
characterize the DAR performance across a globally representative
dataset of atmospheric conditions including clouds and precipitation
as well as different surface types. We assume a hypothetical spaceborne G-band radar with pulse
compression orbiting the Earth at 405 km with a 1 m antenna, equivalent to a footprint diameter of 850, and 500 m
horizontal integration. The simulations include the scattering
effects of rain, snow, as well as liquid and ice clouds, spectroscopic
uncertainties, and uncertainties due to the initial assumed water
vapor profile. Results indicate that using two radar tones at 167 and 174.8 GHz with a transmit power of 20 W ensures
that both pulses will be detected with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 1 at least 70 % of the time in the tropics and
more than 90 % of the time outside the tropics and that total column water vapor can be retrieved with a precision better than
1.3 mm.
Alkenone isotopes show evidence of active carbon concentrating
mechanisms in coccolithophores as aqueous carbon dioxide
concentrations fall below 7 μmol L−1
Authors: Badger Marcus P. S.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Coccolithophores and other haptophyte algae acquire the carbon required for metabolic processes from the water in which they live. Whether carbon is actively moved across the cell membrane via a carbon concentrating mechanism, or passively through diffusion, is important for haptophyte biochemistry. The possible utilisation of carbon concentrating mechanisms also has the potential to over-print one proxy method by which ancient atmospheric CO2 is reconstructed using alkenone isotopes. Here I show that carbon concentrating mechanisms are likely used when aqueous carbon dioxide concentrations are below 7 μmol L−1. I use published alkenone based CO2 reconstructions from multiple sites over the Pleistocene, which allows comparison to be made with ice core CO2 records. Interrogating these records reveal that the relationship between proxy- and ice core-CO2 breaks down when local aqueous CO2 concentration falls below 7 μmol L−1. The recognition of this threshold explains why many alkenone based CO2 records fail to accurately replicate ice core CO2 records, and suggests the alkenone proxy is likely robust for much of the Cenozoic when this threshold was unlikely to be reached in much of the global ocean.
SCDNA: a serially complete precipitation and temperature dataset for North America from 1979 to 2018
Authors: Tang Guoqiang , Clark Martyn P. , Newman Andrew J. , Wood Andrew W. , Papalexiou Simon Michael , Vionnet Vincent , Whitfield Paul H.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Station-based serially complete datasets (SCDs) of precipitation and temperature observations are
important for hydrometeorological studies. Motivated by the lack of serially complete station
observations for North America, this study seeks to develop an SCD from 1979 to 2018 from station
data. The new SCD for North America (SCDNA) includes daily precipitation, minimum temperature
(Tmin⁡), and maximum temperature (Tmax⁡) data for 27 276 stations. Raw meteorological
station data were obtained from the Global Historical Climate Network Daily (GHCN-D), the Global
Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), and a compiled
station database in Mexico. Stations with at least 8-year-long records were selected, which underwent
location correction and were subjected to strict quality control. Outputs from three reanalysis
products (ERA5, JRA-55, and MERRA-2) provided auxiliary information to estimate station
records. Infilling during the observation period and reconstruction beyond the observation period
were accomplished by combining estimates from 16 strategies (variants of quantile mapping, spatial
interpolation, and machine learning). A sensitivity experiment was conducted by assuming that 30 % of
observations from stations were missing – this enabled independent validation and provided a
reference for reconstruction. Quantile mapping and mean value corrections were applied to the
final estimates. The median Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE′) values of the final SCDNA for
all stations are 0.90, 0.98, and 0.99 for precipitation, Tmin⁡, and Tmax⁡,
respectively. The SCDNA is closer to station observations than the four benchmark gridded
products and can be used in applications that require either quality-controlled meteorological
station observations or reconstructed long-term estimates for analysis and modeling. The dataset
is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735533 (Tang et al., 2020).
Optimality-based non-Redfield plankton–ecosystem model (OPEM v1.1) in UVic-ESCM 2.9 – Part 2: Sensitivity analysis and model calibration
Authors: Chien Chia-Te , Pahlow Markus , Schartau Markus , Oschlies Andreas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We analyse 400 perturbed-parameter simulations for two configurations of an optimality-based plankton–ecosystem model (OPEM), implemented in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic-ESCM), using a Latin hypercube sampling method for setting up the parameter ensemble. A likelihood-based metric is introduced for model assessment and selection of the model solutions closest to observed distributions of NO3-, PO43-, O2, and surface chlorophyll a concentrations. The simulations closest to the data with respect to our metric exhibit very low rates of global N2 fixation and denitrification, indicating that in order to achieve rates consistent with independent estimates, additional constraints have to be applied in the calibration process. For identifying the reference parameter sets, we therefore also consider the model's ability to represent current estimates of water-column denitrification.
We employ our ensemble of model solutions in a sensitivity analysis to gain insights into the importance and role of individual model parameters as well as correlations between various biogeochemical processes and tracers, such as POC export and the NO3- inventory. Global O2 varies by a factor of 2 and NO3- by more than a factor of 6 among all simulations. Remineralisation rate is the most important parameter for O2, which is also affected by the subsistence N quota of ordinary phytoplankton (Q0,phyN) and zooplankton maximum specific ingestion rate. Q0,phyN is revealed as a major determinant of the oceanic NO3- pool. This indicates that unravelling the driving forces of variations in phytoplankton physiology and elemental stoichiometry, which are tightly linked via Q0,phyN, is a prerequisite for understanding the marine nitrogen inventory.
Deep learning-based recovery of high-resolution terrestrial water storage from space-borne gravimetry and altimetry
Authors: Irrgang Christopher , Saynisch-Wagner Jan , Dill Robert , Boergens Eva , Thomas Maik
Published: October 2020

Space-borne observations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) are an essential ingredient for understanding the Earth's global water cycle, its susceptibility to climate change, and for risk assessments of ecosystems, agriculture, and water management. However, the complex distribution of water masses in rivers, lakes, or groundwater basins remains elusive in coarse-resolution gravimetry observations. We combine machine learning, numerical modeling, and satellite altimetry to build and train a downscaling neural network that recovers simulated TWS from synthetic space-borne gravity observations. The neural network is designed to adapt and validate its training progress by considering independent satellite altimetry records. We show that the neural network can accurately derive TWS anomalies in 2019 after being trained over the years 2003 to 2018. Specifically for validated regions in the Amazonas, we highlight that the neural network can outperform the numerical hydrology model used in the network training.

https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089258

 
The GRACEFUL project : probing the Earth’s deep interior with satellite observations of the gravity field, magnetic field and earth’s rotation
Authors: Pfeffer Julia , Cazenave Anny , Mandea Mioara , Dehant Véronique , Barnoud Anne
Published: October 2020

Convective motions in the Earth’s liquid core are known to  generate temporal variations of the magnetic field and of the length of day. Mass redistribution associated with these motions and exchange of matter with the lower mantle at the core mantle boundary (CMB) may eventually also contribute to the temporal variations of the gravity field, possibly detectable in the data of the GRACE and GRACE Follow On missions. In a pioneering work, Mandea et al., 2012 detected compelling spatio-temporal correlations at interannual time scale between the gravity and magnetic fields measured respectively by the GRACE and CHAMP satellite missions. These correlations were later interpreted by these authors as the results of physico-chemical interactions between the core and the mantle at the CMB. While such mechanisms are plausible, their mere existence, order of magnitude and  time scales remain an open question. Here we present the  GRACEFUL project, recently selected by the  "Synergy" programme of the European Research Council, which objective is to  explore in more detail the previously reported observations described above, in particular the interannual co-variations of the magnetic and gravity fields, as well as their link with deep Earth processes.  This presentation is focussed on the  gravity field component, in particular on the search for the deep Earth signal that we hope to be able to detect in the  GRACE/GRACE FO data,  after removing all other contributions due to water mass redistributions  occuring in the surface fluid evelopes, as well as  unrelated solid Earth signals associated with the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment and large earthquakes.
Revisiting the Light Time Correction in Gravimetric Missions Like GRACE and GRACE Follow-On
Authors: Yan Yihao , Müller Vitali , Heinzel Gerhard , Zhong Min
Published: October 2020

The satellite gravimetry missions GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GRACE Follow-On provide the global and monthly gravity field for almost 17 years, which plays an irreplaceable role in understanding the mass transport of the Earth system. The key observation is the biased inter-satellite range, which is measured primarily by a K-Band Ranging system (KBR) in GRACE and GRACE Follow-On. The GRACE Follow-On satellites are additionally equipped with a Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI), which provides measurements with lower noise compared to the KBR. However, the measured biased range which is directly measured by the inter-satellite ranging systems differs from the instantaneous biased range which is usually required for gravity field recovery. The difference is called the Light Time Correction (LTC) and arises from the non-zero travel time of electromagnetic waves between the spacecraft. We re-analyzed the LTC calculation from first principles considering general relativistic effects and state-of-the-art models of Earth’s potential field, and different types of orbital data. By analyzing the iterative equations in the LTC calculation of KBR and LRI, a novel analytical expression method is obtained to avoid the numerical limitation of the classical method. The dependency of the LTC on geopotential models and on the parameterization is further studied, and afterwards the results are compared against the LTC provided in the official datasets of GRACE and GRACE Follow-On. It is shown that the new approach has significantly lower noise, well below the instrument noise of current instruments, especially relevant for the LRI, and even if used with kinematic orbit products. This allows calculating the LTC accurate enough even for the next generation of gravimetric missions.
Application of ultra‐precise GRACE Follow-On LRI measurements for validation of the state-of-the-art static gravity field models and examination of sub-monthly time-variable gravity signals
Authors: Ghobadi Far Khosro , Han Shin-Chan , Sauber Jeanne , Ray Richard , McCullough Christopher M. , Wiese David N. , Yuan Dah-Ning , Landerer Felix W.
Published: October 2020

The test Laser ranging interferometer (LRI) on the GRACE Follow-On satellites provides complementary inter-satellite ranging measurements to the baseline K-band microwave ranging (KBR) system that can be used to examine standard, and create novel, GRACE-FO data products.  We first calculated the KBR and LRI inter-satellite ranging residuals using dynamic orbits computed from non-gravitational accelerations, a static gravity field model and other background geophysical models like ocean tides. To accurately quantify the improvement by LRI, we directly examined the inter-satellite ranging residuals in the time and frequency domains. The frequency-domain analysis reveals that LRI enhances the accuracy of gravity measurements by ~1 order of magnitude over 60-200 CPR (10-37 mHz) frequencies with the signal dominated by static gravity field of the Earth. The time-domain analysis shows that LRI is capable of detecting static gravity signals as small as a few 0.1 nm/s2 in 100-200 CPR frequency band. We made use of such LRI data acquired in 2019 to validate the state-of-the-art gravity field models GGM05S, GGM05C, GOCE-TIM-R6e, EIGEN-6C4, ITSG-Grace2018s and GOCO06s. We found that LRI data can identify subtle un-/mis-modeled static gravity signals in these models in the spectral as well as spatial domains, and thus, suggest how the next generation of gravity field models could be improved. We also examined the high‐frequency (sub-monthly) variations of the Argentine Gyre using LRI measurements along with satellite altimetry data. Through comparison of measured gravity change by LRI with synthetic gravity change from altimetry sea surface data (evaluated at GRACE Follow-On altitude), we clearly demonstrate how the high-frequency Argentine Gyre signal is fully captured by instantaneous LRI measurements by individual data arcs, but not in the monthly mean Level-2 data. Such along-orbit analyses of LRI data could be employed for, among others, validation of high-frequency non-tidal ocean models used in GRACE and GRACE Follow-On de-aliasing products.

 