bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the role of middle managers in strategy-making process: An Australian mixed method study
Authors: O'Shannassy Tim
Published: August 2014

Several influential writers including Henry Mintzberg and Gary Hamel have highlighted the need for organizations to value the contribution to strategy work of middle managers in an uncertain world. In this study quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews are used to mix methods and investigate the role of middle managers in strategy-making process in Australia. The results indicate that middle managers are the ‘doers’ of strategy, with important ‘analyst’, ‘coordinator’, ‘information source’ and ‘communicator’ roles. Middle managers reported some frustration in interviews that at times they feel their input to strategic conversations is not translated effectively into organization strategy.
A world key to the species of Pyxine with lichexanthone, with a new species from Brazil
Authors: APTROOT André , JUNGBLUTH Patricia , CÁCERES Marcela E. S.
Published: August 2014

A world key is given to the species of Pyxine with lichexanthone in the upper cortex. Pyxine pustulata Aptroot & Jungbluth is described as a new corticolous species of Pyxine from São Paulo State in Brazil, with lichexanthone in the cortex, upper surface K−, a yellow to ochraceous medulla and clusters of laminal polysidiangia. Brazil is clearly the centre of Pyxine diversity, with 34 out of c. 70 species known worldwide.
Using information on ecosystem services in Nepal to inform biodiversity conservation and local to national decision-making
Authors: Thapa Ishana , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Gurung Hum , Stattersfield Alison J. , Thomas David H. L. , Birch Jennifer C.
Published: August 2014

Policy-makers are paying increasing attention to ecosystem services, given improved understanding that they underpin human well-being, and following their integration within the Aichi Targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Decision-makers need information on trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services but tools for assessing the latter are often expensive, technically demanding and ignore the local context. In this study we used a simple, replicable participatory assessment approach to gather information on ecosystem services at important sites for biodiversity conservation in Nepal, to feed into local and national decision-making. Through engaging knowledgeable stakeholders we assessed the services delivered by Nepal's 27 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, the pressures affecting services through impacts on land cover and land use, and the consequences of these for people. We found that these sites provide ecosystem services to beneficiaries at a range of scales but under current pressures the balance of services will change, with local communities incurring the greatest costs. The approach provided valuable information on the trade-offs between ecosystem services and between different people, developed the capacity of civil society to engage in decision-making at the local and national level, and provided digestible information for Nepal's government. We recommend this approach in other countries where there is a lack of information on the likely impacts of land-use change on ecosystem services and people.
THE BUTTERFLY BIRD GOD AND HIS MYTH AT TEOTIHUACAN
Authors: Paulinyi Zoltán
Published: August 2014

We know little about the gods of the Teotihuacan pantheon and practically nothing of their mythology. Starting from the analysis of a group of murals in Atetelco (Teotihuacan), a partial reconstruction is proposed for a Teotihuacan myth, the principal figure of which has the character of a sun god linked to vegetation. In this proposal, this god descends to the Underworld and is reborn, thus rising out of the depths of the earth. The myth appears to include, moreover, a ballgame in the Underworld and probably a supernatural macaw, linked in some way to the god in question. In my opinion, this is probably a creation myth, with a basic structure bearing a resemblance to that of thePopol Vuh.
Information for Disasters, Information Disasters, and Disastrous Information
Authors: McDonnell Sharon M. , Perry Helen N. , McLaughlin Brooke , McCurdy Bronwen , Parrish R. Gibson
Published: August 2014

Information is needed to support humanitarian responses in every phase of a disaster. Participants of a multilateral working group convened to examine how best to meet these information needs. Although information systems based on routine reporting of diseases are desirable because they have the potential to identify trends, these systems usually do not deliver on their promise due to inadequate organization and management to support them.

To identify organizational and management characteristics likely to be associated with successful information systems in disaster settings, evaluations of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) programs in 12 participating countries were reviewed. Characteristics that were mentioned repeatedly in the evaluations as associated with success were grouped into nine categories: (1) human resources management and supervision; (2) political support; (3) strengthened laboratory capacity; (4) communication and feedback (through many mechanisms); (5) infrastructure and resources; (6) system design and capacity; (7) coordination and partnerships with stakeholders; (8) community input; and (9) evaluation. Selected characteristics and issues within each category are discussed.

Based on the review of the IDSR evaluations and selected articles in the published literature, recommendations are provided for improving the shortand long-term organization and management of information systems in humanitarian responses associated with disasters. It is suggested that information systems that follow these recommendations are more likely to yield quality information and be sustainable even in disaster settings.
Can we predict the magnetic properties of PMS stars from their H-R diagram location?
Authors: Gregory S. G. , Donati J.-F. , Morin J. , Hussain G. A. J. , Mayne N. J. , Hillenbrand L. A. , Jardine M.
Published: August 2014

Spectropolarimetric observations combined with tomographic imaging techniques have revealed that all pre-main sequence (PMS) stars host multipolar magnetic fields, ranging from strong and globally axisymmetric with ≳kilo-Gauss dipole components, to complex and non-axisymmetric with weak dipole components (≲0.1 kG). Many host dominantly octupolar large-scale fields. We argue that the large-scale magnetic properties of a PMS star are related to its location in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. This conference paper is a synopsis of Gregory et al. (2012), updated to include the latest results from magnetic mapping studies of PMS stars.
Building a numerical relativistic non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics code for astrophysical applications
Authors: Aranguren S. Miranda , Aloy M. A. , Aloy Carmen.
Published: August 2014

Including resistive effects in relativistic magnetized plasmas is a challenging task, that a number of authors have recently tackled employing different methods. From the numerical point of view, the difficulty in including non-ideal terms arises from the fact that, in the limit of very high plasma conductivity (i.e., close to the ideal MHD limit), the system of governing equations becomes stiff, and the standard explicit integrating methods produce instabilities that destroy the numerical solution. To deal with such a difficulty, we have extended the relativistic MHD code MR-GENESIS, to include a number of Implicit Explicit Runge-Kutta (IMEX-RK) numerical methods. To validate the implementation of the IMEX-RK schemes, two standard tests are presented in one and two spatial dimensions, covering different conductivity regimes.
3D YSO accretion shock simulations: a study of the magnetic, chromospheric and stochastic flow effects
Authors: Matsakos T. , Chièze J.-P. , Stehlé C. , González M. , Ibgui L. , de Sá L. , Lanz T. , Orlando S. , Bonito R. , Argiroffi C. , Reale F. , Peres G.
Published: August 2014

The structure and dynamics of young stellar object (YSO) accretion shocks depend strongly on the local magnetic field strength and configuration, as well as on the radiative transfer effects responsible for the energy losses. We present the first 3D YSO shock simulations of the interior of the stream, assuming a uniform background magnetic field, a clumpy infalling gas, and an acoustic energy flux flowing at the base of the chromosphere. We study the dynamical evolution and the post-shock structure as a function of the plasma-beta (thermal pressure over magnetic pressure). We find that a strong magnetic field (~hundreds of Gauss) leads to the formation of fibrils in the shocked gas due to the plasma confinement within flux tubes. The corresponding emission is smooth and fully distinguishable from the case of a weak magnetic field (~tenths of Gauss) where the hot slab demonstrates chaotic motion and oscillates periodically.
Starspots on Young Solar-Type Stars
Authors: Brown Carolyn , Carter Brad , Marsden Stephen , Waite Ian
Published: August 2014

Doppler Imaging of starspots on young solar analogues is a way to investigate the early history of solar magnetic activity by proxy. Doppler images of young G-dwarfs have yielded the presence of large polar spots, extending to moderate latitudes, along with measurements of the surface differential rotation. The differential rotation measurement for one star (RX J0850.1-7554) suggests it is possibly the first example of a young G-type dwarf whose surface rotates as almost a solid body, in marked contrast to the differential rotation of other rapidly rotating young G-dwarfs and the present-day Sun. Overall, our Doppler imaging results show that the young Sun possessed a fundamentally different dynamo to today.
Do Magnetic Fields Actually Inflate Low-Mass Stars?
Authors: Feiden Gregory A. , Chaboyer Brian
Published: August 2014

Magnetic fields have been hypothesized to inflate the radii of low-mass stars—defined as less than 0.8 M⊙–in detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs). We evaluate this hypothesis using the magnetic Dartmouth stellar evolution code. Results suggest that magnetic suppression of thermal convection can inflate low-mass stars that possess a radiative core and convective outer envelope. A scaling relation between X-ray luminosity and surface magnetic flux indicates that model surface magnetic field strength predictions are consistent with observations. This supports the notion that magnetic fields may be inflating these stars. However, magnetic models are unable to reproduce radii of fully convective stars in DEBs. Instead, we propose that model discrepancies below the fully convective boundary are related to metallicity.
A new spectropolarimeter for the San Pedro Martir National Observatory
Authors: Iñiguez-Garín E. , Hiriart D. , Ramirez-Velez J. , Núñez-Alfonso J. M. , Herrera J. , Castro-Chacón J.
Published: August 2014

We present the design of a stellar spectropolarimeter to measure the magnetic field of point sources. The polarization module interfaces the Boller and Chivens (B&Ch) intermediate-low resolution (R ~ 500 − 4000) spectrograph to the 2.1-m telescope of the San Pedro Martir National Astronomical Observatory in Mexico. The module uses a Savart plate to split the beam into two orthogonal states of polarization and a quarter (half) waveplate to measure circular (linear) polarization. The module is mounted to the telescope and it feeds the spectrograph through a set of four fibers, two for the polarized star images and two for the spectrograph calibration lamp. The instrument will be capable of measuring polarization in spectral lines to determine the longitudinal and transversal fields in magnetic stars.
Age, Activity and Rotation in Mid and Late-Type M Dwarfs from MEarth
Authors: West Andrew A. , Weisenburger Kolby L. , Irwin Jonathan , Charbonneau David , Dittmann Jason , Berta-Thompson Zachory K.
Published: August 2014

Using spectroscopic observations and photometric light curves of 280 nearby M dwarfs from the MEarth exoplanet transit survey, we examine the relationships between magnetic activity (quantified by Hα emission), rotation period, and stellar age (derived from three-dimensional space velocities). Although we have known for decades that a large fraction of mid-late-type M dwarfs are magnetically active, it was not clear what role rotation played in the magnetic field generation (and subsequent chromospheric heating). Previous attempts to investigate the relationship between magnetic activity and rotation in mid-late-type M dwarfs were hampered by the limited number of M dwarfs with measured rotation periods (and the fact that vsini measurements only probe rapid rotation). However, the photometric data from the MEarth survey allows us to probe a wide range of rotation periods for hundreds of M dwarf stars (from less than one to over 100 days). Over all M spectral types we find that magnetic activity decreases with longer rotation periods, including late-type, fully convective M dwarfs. We find that the most magnetically active (and hence, most rapidly rotating) stars are consistent with a kinematically young population, while slow-rotators are less active or inactive and appear to belong to an older, dynamically heated stellar population.
On the reliability of measuring differential rotation of spotted stars
Authors: Kővári Zsolt , Bartus János , Kriskovics Levente , Vida Krisztián , Oláh Katalin
Published: August 2014

Cross-correlation of consecutive Doppler images is one of the most common techniques used to detect surface differential rotation (hereafter DR) on spotted stars. The disadvantage of a single cross-correlation is, however, that the expected DR pattern can be overwhelmed by sudden changes in the apparent spot configuration. Another way to reconstruct the image shear using Doppler imaging is to include a predefined latitude-dependent rotation law in the inversion code (‘sheared image method’). However, special but not unusual spot distributions, such like a large polar cap or an equatorial belt (e.g., small random spots evenly distributed along the equator), can distort the rotation profile similarly as the DR does, consequently, yielding incorrect measure of the DR from the sheared image method. To avoid these problems, the technique of measuring DR from averaged cross-correlations using time-series Doppler images (‘ACCORD’) is introduced and the reliability of this tool is demonstrated on artificial data.
Stellar Magnetism in the Era of Space-Based Precision Photometry
Authors: Walkowicz Lucianne M.
Published: August 2014

The advent of precision space-based photometric missions such as MOST, CoRoT and Kepler has revealed stellar magnetic activity in unprecedented detail. These observations enable new investigations into the fundamental nature of stellar magnetism by furthering our understanding of the stellar rotation and differential rotation that generate the field, and the photometric variability caused by the surface manifestations of the field. In the case of stars with planetary candidates, these data also offer synergy between studies of stars and planets. Here, I review the possibilities and challenges for deepening our understanding of magnetism in solar-like stars in the era of space-based precision photometry.
The new age of spotted star research using Kepler and CHARA
Authors: Roettenbacher Rachael M. , Monnier John D. , Harmon Robert O. , Korhonen Heidi H.
Published: August 2014

With the precise, nearly-continuous photometry from the Kepler satellite and the sub-milliarcsecond resolving capabilities of the CHARA Array, astronomy is entering a new age for the imaging and understanding of stellar magnetic activity. We present first results from our Guest Observer Program, where 180 single-epoch surface image reconstructions of KIC 5110407 have revealed differential rotation and hints of magnetic activity cycles based on both spot and flare variations. Analysis of our larger, full dataset will establish in unprecedented detail how surface magnetic activity correlates with stellar age and spectral type. In addition to Kepler work, we have harnessed the power of the world's largest infrared interferometer to “directly” image the spotted surfaces of a few of the closest RS CVn systems, allowing a comparison of contemporaneous Doppler and light-curve inversion imaging techniques.
Detecting activity cycles of late-type dwarfs in Kepler data
Authors: Vida Krisztián , Oláh Katalin
Published: August 2014

Using data of fast-rotating active dwarf stars in the Kepler database, we perform time-frequency analysis of the light curves in order to search for signs of activity cycles. We use the phenomenon that the active region latitudes vary with the cycle (like the solar butterfly diagram), which causes the observed rotation period to change as a consequence of differential rotation. We find cycles in 8 cases of the 39 promising targets with periods between of 300–900 days.
Planetary protection in the extreme environments of low-mass stars
Authors: Vidotto A. A. , Jardine M. , Morin J. , Donati J.-F. , Lang P. , Russell A. J. B.
Published: August 2014

Recent results showed that the magnetic field of M-dwarf (dM) stars, currently the main targets in searches for terrestrial planets, is very different from the solar one, both in topology as well as in intensity. In particular, the magnetised environment surrounding a planet orbiting in the habitable zone (HZ) of dM stars can differ substantially to the one encountered around the Earth. These extreme magnetic fields can compress planetary magnetospheres to such an extent that a significant fraction of the planet's atmosphere may be exposed to erosion by the stellar wind. Using observed surface magnetic maps for a sample of 15 dM stars, we investigate the minimum degree of planetary magnetospheric compression caused by the intense stellar magnetic fields. We show that hypothetical Earth-like planets with similar terrestrial magnetisation (~1 G) orbiting at the inner (outer) edge of the HZ of these stars would present magnetospheres that extend at most up to 6.1 (11.7) planetary radii. To be able to sustain an Earth-sized magnetosphere, the terrestrial planet would either need to orbit significantly farther out than the traditional limits of the HZ; or else, if it were orbiting within the life-bearing region, it would require a minimum magnetic field ranging from a few G to up to a few thousand G.
Planets spinning up their host stars: a twist on the age-activity relationship
Authors: Poppenhaeger K. , Wolk S. J.
Published: August 2014

It is a long-standing question in exoplanet research if Hot Jupiters can influence the magnetic activity of their host stars. While cool stars usually spin down with age and become inactive, an input of angular momentum through tidal interaction, as seen for example in close binaries, can preserve high activity levels over time. This may also be the case for cool stars hosting a Hot Jupiter. However, selection effects from planet detection methods often dominate the activity levels seen in samples of exoplanet host stars, and planet-induced, systematically enhanced stellar activity has not been detected unambiguously so far. We have developed an approach to identify planet-induced stellar spin-up avoiding the selection biases from planet detection, by using visual proper motion binaries in which only one of the stars possesses a Hot Jupiter. This approach immediately rids one of the ambiguities of detection biases: with two co-eval stars, the second star acts as a negative control. We present results from our ongoing observational campaign at X-ray wavelengths and in the optical, and present several outstanding systems which display significant age/activity discrepancies presumably caused by their Hot Jupiters.
Bow shocks and winds around HD 189733b
Authors: Llama J. , Vidotto A. A. , Jardine M. , Wood K. , Fares R.
Published: August 2014

Asymmetries in exoplanet transits are a useful tool for developing our understanding of magnetic activity on both stars and planets outside our Solar System. Near-UV observations of the WASP-12 system have revealed asymmetries in the timing of the transit when compared with the optical light curve. In this proceedings we review a number of reported asymmetries and present work simulating near-UV transits for the hot-Jupiter hosting star HD 189733.
Bp stars in Orion OB1 association
Authors: Romanyuk Iosif I. , Yakunin Ilya A.
Published: August 2014

A total of 85 CP stars of various types are identified among 814 members of the Orion OB1 association. We selected 59 Bp stars, which account for 13.4% of the total number of B type stars in the association. The fraction of peculiar B type stars in the association is found to be twice higher than that of peculiar A type stars.

Magnetic field are found in 22 stars, 17 of them are objects with anomalous helium lines. No significant differences are found between the field strengths in the Bp type stars of the association and Bp type field stars. We identified 17 binaries, which make up 20% of the total number of peculiar stars studied which is the standard ratio for CP stars.
Partial Paschen-Back splitting of Si ii and Si iii lines in magnetic CP stars
Authors: Khalack Viktor , Landstreet John
Published: August 2014

A number of prominent spectral lines in the spectra of magnetic A and B main sequence stars are produced by closely spaced doublets or triplets. Depending on the strength and orientation of magnetic field, the PPB magnetic splitting can result in the Stokes I profiles of a spectral line that differ significantly from those predicted by the theory of Zeeman effect. Such lines should be treated using the theory of the partial Paschen-Back (PPB) effect. To estimate the error introduced by the use of the Zeeman approximation, numerical simulations have been performed for Si ii and Si iii lines assuming an oblique rotator model. The analysis indicates that for high precision studies of some spectral lines the PPB approach should be used if the field strength at the magnetic poles is Bp > 6-10 kG and V sin i < 15 km s−1. In the case of the Si ii line 5041 Å, the difference between the simulated PPB and Zeeman profiles is caused by a significant contribution from a so called “ghost” line. The Stokes I and V profiles of this particular line simulated in the PPB regime provide a significantly better fit to the observed profiles in the spectrum of the magnetic Ap star HD 318107 than the profiles calculated assuming the Zeeman effect.
Modeling surface magnetic fields in stars with radiative envelopes
Authors: Kochukhov Oleg
Published: August 2014

Stars with radiative envelopes, specifically the upper main sequence chemically peculiar (Ap) stars, were among the first objects outside our solar system for which surface magnetic fields have been detected. Currently magnetic Ap stars remains the only class of stars for which high-resolution measurements of both linear and circular polarization in individual spectral lines are feasible. Consequently, these stars provide unique opportunities to study the physics of polarized radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres, to analyze in detail stellar magnetic field topologies and their relation to starspots, and to test different methodologies of stellar magnetic field mapping. Here I present an overview of different approaches to modeling the surface fields in magnetic A- and B-type stars. In particular, I summarize the ongoing efforts to interpret high-resolution full Stokes vector spectra of these stars using magnetic Doppler imaging. These studies reveal an unexpected complexity of the magnetic field geometries in some Ap stars.
New Experiments with Zeeman Doppler Mapping
Authors: Martin Alex J. , Bagnulo Stefano , Stift Martin J.
Published: August 2014

We present recent experiments using a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the polarised radiative transfer code COSSAM to produce a new ZDM code. Currently the code is able to recover the magnetic parameters of model stars with either a decentred dipole morphology or a morphology consisting of a centred dipole and a quadrupole, while simultaneously calculating multiple chemical abundances (including a basic stratification model). The ZDM code has been tested using both synthetic spectra and real, well studied stars. Additional features are currently being added such as a multipole morphology of arbitrary order and more sophisticated chemical stratification models.
Candidate Ap stars in close binary systems
Authors: Folsom C. P. , Wade G. A. , Likuski K. , Kochukhov O. , Alecian E. , Shulyak D. , Johnson N. M.
Published: August 2014

Short period binary systems containing magnetic Ap stars are anomalously rare. This apparent anomaly may provide insight into the origin of the magnetic fields in theses stars. As an early investigation of this, we observed three close binary systems that have been proposed to host Ap stars. Two of these systems (HD 22128 and HD 56495) we find contain Am stars, but not Ap stars. However, for one system (HD 98088) we find the primary is indeed an Ap star, while the secondary is an Am star. Additionally, the Ap star is tidally locked to the secondary, and the predominately dipolar magnetic field of the Ap star is roughly aligned with the secondary. Further investigations of HD 98088 are planned by the BinaMIcS collaboration.
Pollux: a stable weak dipolar magnetic field but no planet?
Authors: Aurière Michel , Konstantinova-Antova Renada , Espagnet Olivier , Petit Pascal , Roudier Thierry , Charbonnel Corinne , Donati Jean-François , Wade Gregg A.
Published: August 2014

Pollux is considered as an archetype of a giant star hosting a planet: its radial velocity (RV) presents sinusoidal variations with a period of about 590 d, which have been stable for more than 25 years. Using ESPaDOnS and Narval we have detected a weak (sub-gauss) magnetic field at the surface of Pollux and followed up its variations with Narval during 4.25 years, i.e. more than for two periods of the RV variations. The longitudinal magnetic field is found to vary with a sinusoidal behaviour with a period close to that of the RV variations and with a small shift in phase. We then performed a Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) investigation from the Stokes V and Stokes I least-squares deconvolution (LSD) profiles. A rotational period is determined, which is consistent with the period of variations of the RV. The magnetic topology is found to be mainly poloidal and this component almost purely dipolar. The mean strength of the surface magnetic field is about 0.7 G. As an alternative to the scenario in which Pollux hosts a close-in exoplanet, we suggest that the magnetic dipole of Pollux can be associated with two temperature and macroturbulent velocity spots which could be sufficient to produce the RV variations. We finally investigate the scenarii of the origin of the magnetic field which could explain the observed properties of Pollux.
Magnetic Field Structure and Activity of the He-burning Giant 37 Comae
Authors: Tsvetkova S. , Petit P. , Konstantinova-Antova R. , Aurière M. , Wade G. A. , Charbonnel C. , Drake N. A.
Published: August 2014

We present the first magnetic map of the late-type giant 37 Com. The Least Squares Deconvolution (LSD) method and Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) inversion technique were applied. The chromospheric activity indicators Hα, S-index, Ca ii IRT and the radial velocity were also measured. The evolutionary status of the star has been studied on the basis of state-of-the-art stellar evolutionary models and chemical abundance analysis. 37 Com appears to be in the core Helium-burning phase.
Magnetic field of the classical Cepheid η Aql: new results
Authors: Butkovskaya V. , Plachinda S. , Baklanova D. , Butkovskyi V.
Published: August 2014

We present the results of the spectropolarimetric study of the classical Cepheid η Aql in 2002, 2004, 2010, and 2012. The longitudinal magnetic field of η Aql was found to be variable with the pulsation cycle of 7.176726 day. The amplitude, phase, and mean value of the field vary from year to year presumably due to stellar rotation or dynamo mechanisms.
Magnetohydrodynamic equilibria in barotropic stars
Authors: Armaza C. , Reisenegger A. , Valdivia J. A. , Marchant P.
Published: August 2014

Although barotropic matter does not constitute a realistic model for magnetic stars on short timescales, it would be interesting to confirm a recent conjecture that states that magnetized stars with a barotropic equation of state would be dynamically unstable (Reisenegger 2009). In this work we construct a set of barotropic equilibria, which can eventually be tested using a stability criterion. A general description of the ideal MHD equations governing these equilibria is summarized, allowing for both poloidal and toroidal magnetic field components. A new finite-difference numerical code is developed in order to solve the so-called Grad-Shafranov equation describing the equilibrium of these configurations, and some properties of the equilibria obtained are briefly discussed.
Magnetic field structures inside magnetars with strong toroidal field
Authors: Fujisawa Kotaro
Published: August 2014

We have analyzed the magnetized equilibrium studies with strong toroidal magnetic fields and found that the negative toroidal current density inside the star is very important for the strong toroidal magnetic fields. The strong toroidal magnetic fields require the strong poloidal current, but the strong poloidal current results in the localized strong toroidal current density in the axisymmetric system. This localized toroidal current changes the magnetic field configuration and makes the size of the toroidal magnetic field region smaller. As a result, the toroidal magnetic field energy can not become large. We need to cancel out the localized toroidal current density in order to obtain the large toroidal fields solutions. We have found and showed that the negative toroidal current cancels out the localized toroidal current density and sustain the large toroidal magnetic field energy inside the star. We can explain the magnetized equilibrium studies with strong toroidal magnetic fields systematically using the negative current density. Physical meaning of the negative current is key to the magnetar interior magnetic fields.
Effects of strong magnetic fields in dense stellar matter
Authors: Lavagno A. , Lingua F.
Published: August 2014

We study the effects of strong magnetic fields in dense stellar matter within an effective relativistic equation of state with the inclusion of hyperons and Δ(1232)-isobar degrees of freedom. The effects of high magnetic field interactions significantly affect the nuclear equation of state and the macroscopic properties of the star. In this framework we investigate the role of the presence of the Δ-isobars degrees of freedom in structure and in the bulk properties of the compact star.
Field-enhanced bulk conductivity and resistive-switching in Ca-doped BiFeO3 ceramics
Authors: Masó Nahum , Beltrán Héctor , Prades Marta , Cordoncillo Eloisa , West Anthony R.
Published: August 2014

The conductivity at room temperature of Ca-doped BiFeO3 ceramics increases reversibly under the influence of a small dc bias voltage.
Galvanic displacement as a route to highly active and durable extended surface electrocatalysts
Authors: Alia S. M. , Yan Y. S. , Pivovar B. S.
Published: August 2014

Spontaneous galvanic displacement has been utilized in the development of novel electrocatalysts.
Strong negative nanocatalysis: oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution at very small (2 nm) gold nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Ying , Laborda Eduardo , Tschulik Kristina , Damm Christine , Molina Angela , Compton Richard G.
Published: August 2014

The electron transfer kinetics associated with both the reduction of oxygen and of protons to form hydrogen at gold nanoparticles are shown to display strong retardation when studied at citrate capped ultra small (2 nm) gold nanoparticles.
Next generation maleimides enable the controlled assembly of antibody–drug conjugatesvianative disulfide bond bridging
Authors: Schumacher Felix F. , Nunes João P. M. , Maruani Antoine , Chudasama Vijay , Smith Mark E. B. , Chester Kerry A. , Baker James R. , Caddick Stephen
Published: August 2014

Highly homogeneous ADCs are generated by the efficient bridging of interchain disulfide bonds in trastuzumab, using next generation maleimides.
Cross-linked reverse micelles with embedded water pools: a novel catalytic system based on amphiphilic block copolymers
Authors: Liu Ruihan , Wang Shiping , Yao Jia , Xu Weiwei , Li Haoran
Published: August 2014

The shell cross-linked reverse micelles were used as a more reactive and recoverable catalytic system.
Fabrication of a nano-sized Ag2CO3/reduced graphene oxide photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity and stability
Authors: Dai Gaopeng , Liu Suqin , Liang Ying , Liu Ke
Published: August 2014

Nano-sized Ag2CO3/RGO photocatalysts were fabricated by a facile chemical precipitation approach in DMF solvent. The Ag2CO3/RGO nanocomposites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity and stability than the pure nano-sized Ag2CO3.
One-pot sonochemical synthesis of reduced graphene oxide uniformly decorated with ultrafine silver nanoparticles for non-enzymatic detection of H2O2 and optical detection of mercury ions
Authors: Golsheikh A. Moradi , Huang N. M. , Lim H. N. , Zakaria Rozalina
Published: August 2014

The ultrasonic irradiation of an aqueous solution containing a silver ammonia complex (Ag(NH3)2OH) and graphene oxide (GO) is a simple strategy for producing GO uniformly decorated with ultrafine AgNPs.
Highly time-resolved evaluation technique of instantaneous amplitude and phase difference using analytic signals for multi-channel diagnostics
Authors: Ohshima S. , Kobayashi S. , Yamamoto S. , Nagasaki K. , Mizuuchi T. , Kado S. , Okada H. , Minami T. , Lee H. Y. , Zang L. , Kenmochi N. , Kasajima K. , Ohtani Y. , Shi N. , Nagae Y. , Konoshima S. , Sano F.
Published: August 2014

A fluctuation analysis technique using analytic signals is proposed. Analytic signals are suitable to characterize a single mode with time-dependent amplitude and frequency, such as an MHD mode observed in fusion plasmas since the technique can evaluate amplitude and frequency at a specific moment without limitations of temporal and frequency resolutions, which is problematic in Fourier-based analyses. Moreover, a concept of instantaneous phase difference is newly introduced, and error of the evaluated phase difference and its error reduction techniques using conditional/ensemble averaging are discussed. These techniques are applied to experimental data of the beam emission spectroscopic measurement in the Heliotron J device, which demonstrates that the technique can describe nonlinear evolution of MHD instabilities. This technique is widely applicable to other diagnostics having necessity to evaluate phase difference.
Room temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped amorphous carbon composites from the spin polarized semiconductor band
Authors: Hsu H. S. , Chien P. C. , Sun S. J. , Chang Y. Y. , Lee C. H.
Published: August 2014

This study provides conclusive evidence of room temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped amorphous carbon (a-C) composites from the spin polarized semiconductor band. These composites are constructed from discontinuous [Co(3 nm)/a-C(dc nm)]5 multilayers with dc = 3 nm and dc = 6 nm. Only remnant circular dichroism (CD) was observed from the dc = 3 nm sample but not when dc = 6 nm. In addition, the remnant CD peaks at 5.5 eV, which is comparable with the absorption peak associated with the C σ-σ* gap transition. We suggest that the possible mechanism for this coupling can be considered as a magnetic proximity effect in which a ferromagnetic moment in the C medium is induced by Co/C interfaces.
Interface control of ferroelectricity in LaNiO3-BaTiO3 superlattices
Authors: Wu Yin-Zhong , Lu Hai-Shuang , Cai Tian-Yi , Ju Sheng
Published: August 2014

LaNiO3-BaTiO3 superlattices with different types of interfaces are studied from first-principles density-functional theory. It is revealed that the ferroelectricity in the superlattice with (NiO2)−/(BaO)0 interfaces is enhanced from that of the superlattice with (LaO)+/(TiO2)0 interfaces. The origin lies at the polar discontinuity at the interface, which makes the holes localized within the (NiO2)−/(BaO)0 interface, but drives a penetration of electrons into BaTiO3 component near (LaO)+/(TiO2)0 interface. Our calculations demonstrate an effective avenue to the robust ferroelectricity in BaTiO3 ultrathin films.
Detecting luminescence from triplet states of organic semiconductors at room temperatures using delayed electroluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Qi , Aziz Hany
Published: August 2014

We demonstrate a unique approach for detecting luminescence from triplet states of organic materials in the solid state at room temperatures. The technique is based on measuring delayed electroluminescence from the material. The approach overcomes limitations of conventional spectroscopic techniques, such as the need for cooling to cryogenic temperatures, and works for a wide range of organic materials. The underlying mechanisms behind observing materials phosphorescence using this technique are studied. The results show that using a low concentration of the target material doped in a host material and a large energy differences between triplet states of target and host materials are necessary for obtaining efficient phosphorescence at room temperatures.
Models of care for musculoskeletal health in Australia: now more than ever to drive evidence into health policy and practice
Authors: Briggs Andrew M. , Towler Simon C. B. , Speerin Robyn , March Lyn M.
Published: August 2014

Musculoskeletal health conditions such as arthritis, osteoporosis and pain syndromes impart a profound socioeconomic burden worldwide, particularly in developed nations such as Australia. Despite the identified burden, substantial evidence-practice and care disparity gaps remain in service delivery and access that limit the potential for improved consumer outcomes and system efficiencies. Addressing these gaps requires a whole-of-sector response, supported by evidence-informed health policy. Models of care (MoCs) serve as a policy vehicle to embed evidence into health policy and guide practice through changes in service delivery systems and clinician behaviour. In Australia, MoCs for musculoskeletal health have been developed by networks of multidisciplinary stakeholders and are incrementally being implemented across health services, facilitated by dedicated policy units and clinical champions. A web of evidence is now emerging to support this approach to driving evidence into health policy and practice. Understanding the vernacular of MoCs and the development and implementation of MoCs is important to embracing this approach to health policy.

What is known about the topic?
The impact of musculoskeletal health conditions is profound. As the awareness around the magnitude of the impact of these conditions increases, the importance of system-wide policy responses and platforms for health service improvements is now recognised. The term ‘models of care’ is not new. It has been used for many years, mainly at the hospital level, for planning and delivering clinical services. However, over the past 8 years an alternative approach using health networks has been adopted for the development and implementation of models of care to achieve broad engagement and a wider and more sustainable scope for implementation.

What does this paper add?
Here, we provide a rationale for the development of models of care for musculoskeletal health and draw on experience in their development and implementation using a health network model, referring to an emerging web of evidence to support this approach. We describe what models of care are, how they are developed and question whether they make a difference and what the future may hold.

What are the implications for practitioners?
All indications suggest that models of care are here to stay. Therefore, this paper provides practitioners with a contemporary overview of models of care in Australia, their relevance to musculoskeletal healthcare, particularly related to closing evidence-practice gaps, and opportunities for sector engagement.
JERM model of care: an in-principle model for dental health policy
Authors: Lam Raymond , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: August 2014

Oral diseases are the most prevalent conditions in the community. Their economic burden is high and their impact on quality of life is profound. There is an increasing body of evidence indicating that oral diseases have wider implications beyond the confines of the mouth. The importance of oral health has not been unnoticed by the government. The Commonwealth (Federal) government under the Howard-led Coalition in 2004 had broken tradition by placing dentistry in its universal health insurance scheme, Medicare. Known as the Chronic Disease Dental Scheme (CDDS), the program aimed to manage patients with chronic conditions as part of the Enhanced Primary Care initiative. This scheme was a landmark policy for several reasons. Besides being the first major dental policy under Medicare, the program proved to be the most expensive and controversial. Unfortunately, cost containment and problems with service provision led to its cessation in 2012 by the Gillard Labor Government. Despite being seen as a failure, the CDDS provided a unique opportunity to assess national policy in practice. By analysing the policy-relevant effects of the CDDS, important lessons can be learnt for policy development. This paper discusses these lessons and has formulated a set of principles recommended for effective oral health policy. The JERM model represents the principles of a justified, economical and research-based model of care.
The population genetics of the western purple-crowned fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus coronatus), a declining riparian passerine
Authors: Skroblin Anja , Cockburn Andrew , Legge Sarah
Published: August 2014

We investigate the population genetic structure of the declining western subspecies of the purple-crowned fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus coronatus) in order to guide conservation management recommendations for this riparian habitat specialist. Our analysis of multilocus microsatellite data, from 79 individuals sampled from across the species’ range, indicates that M. c. coronatus occurs as genetically differentiated subpopulations that correspond to catchment boundaries or expansive gaps in habitat along waterways. The genetic similarity of large populations of fairy-wrens on four catchments (Fitzroy, Durack, Drysdale and Victoria) indicates widespread recent gene flow, whereas the high genetic distinctiveness of the Bindoola and Isdell catchments may reflect the current geographic isolation of these smaller populations. Genetic differentiation of these smaller geographically isolated populations affirms the negative effect that habitat degradation and fragmentation can have on population connectivity. A regional-scale approach to conservation with a focus on preventing degradation and enhancing connectivity may be critical to safeguard the persistence of M. c. coronatus subpopulations.
Electron-impact resonant vibrational excitation and dissociation processes involving vibrationally excited N2 molecules
Authors: Laporta V , Little D A , Celiberto R , Tennyson J
Published: August 2014

Resonant vibrational excitation cross sections and the corresponding rate coefficients for electron–N2 collisions occurring through the

resonant state are reviewed. New calculations are performed using accurate potential energy curves for the N2 electronic ground state, taken from the literature, and for the

resonant state, obtained from R-matrix calculations. The calculations are extended to resonant excitation processes involving the N2 ground state vibrational continuum, leading to dissociation. Electron-impact dissociation is found to be significant from higher vibrational levels. Accurate analytical fits for the complete set of the rate coefficients are provided. The behavior of the dissociative cross sections is investigated for rotationally excited N2 molecules, with J = 50, 100 and 150, and for different vibrational levels.
Does Participation in 4‐H Improve Schooling Outcomes? Evidence from Florida
Authors: Flores‐Lagunes Alfonso , Timko Troy
Published: August 2014

We examine the effect that participation in 4‐H, the largest youth development program in the United States, has on standardized test scores. We do this by utilizing grade‐level longitudinal data on Florida's school districts from the Florida Department of Education, combined with 4‐H participation statistics from the Florida 4‐H. Specifically, we analyze the effect of the extent of 4‐H participation for third‐ through tenth grade on the mathematics and reading subtests of the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). We use a difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences approach to control for potential confounders of the causal relationship at the level of school districts, grades, and years. Our results indicate that the extent of 4‐H participation at the district‐grade‐year level is positively and significantly related to several measures of performance on the FCAT test. Furthermore, we find suggestive evidence that these positive effects of 4‐H participation accumulate over time.
CCR4 and its ligands: from bench to bedside
Authors: Yoshie Osamu , Matsushima Kouji
Published: August 2014

Chemokines and chemokine receptors orchestrate cell migration and homing in the body. Humans have at least 44 chemokines that are further classified into four subfamilies based on the N-terminal conserved cysteine motifs: CXC, CC, C and CX3C. All the known chemokine receptors are seven transmembrane-type receptors. Humans have 18 chemotactic and 5 atypical non-chemotactic (recycling or scavenging) receptors. CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is the receptor for two CC chemokine ligands (CCLs)—CCL17 (also called thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine) and CCL22 (macrophage-derived chemokine). Among the various T-cell subsets, CCR4 is predominantly expressed by Th2 cells, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive skin-homing T cells and Treg cells. Thus, CCR4 attracts much attention for its possible clinical applications in diseases involving these T-cell subsets. Furthermore, CCR4 is often highly expressed by mature T-cell neoplasms such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). This article is a brief overview of basic and clinical research on CCR4 and its ligands, which has eventually led to the development of a humanized defucosylated anti-CCR4 antibody ‘Mogamulizumab’ for treatment of relapsed/refractory ATL and CTCLs.