bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bannerman Community of Fujian Qinjiang under the Qing Dynasty: A Case Study in Acculturation (涵化)
Authors: Wang Xueshen
Published: June 2019

The banner city constructed in 1729 at the village of Qinjiang, Fujian, provides a typical example of interaction and acculturation between Qing bannermen and local Chinese. The bannermen were the small, ethnically defined, but humanly constructed minority that ruled China for two hundred and sixty-eight years. The Qinjiang banner city was established well into that era, and records of life there indicate how much the newcomers accepted Han Chinese culture, local religious beliefs, and Fujian kinship modes. But we also see how the Bannermen maintained self-identity, such as the inner banner circle marriage model and banner community maintenance.
Marble Tombs From Ghazni (Fifteenth-Eighteenth Centuries): Morphological and Epigraphic Remarks
Authors: Massullo Martina
Published: June 2019

Funerary inscriptions play an important role among the epigraphic evidence collected at Ghazni through surveys and archaeological investigations. This paper offers an overview of the city’s funerary landscape in late medieval and pre-modern times, showing the main morphological and epigraphic features of marble tombs dating from the 15th century onwards. These tombs attest a long tradition of skilled local craftsmanship, and their epitaphs bear witness to the role the city attained over time as a holy destination.
On Madrasas, Legitimation, and Islamic Revival in 19th-Century Khorezm
Authors: Sartori Paolo
Published: June 2019

In this research note I set out to show that the concept of “legitimation,” widely employed as an explanatory device by historians of Islamic Central Asia, is of little help to explain the increase of Islamic institutions in the Khanate of Khiva. I do so by examining an endowment deed notarized after the establishment of the Qutlūgh Murād Ïnāq madrasa in Khiva and by reflecting on the purposes which Qunghrat dynasts wanted to achieve by putting in place a new education system in Khorezm. My contention is that such a system reflects different levels of connectivity within the Khanate of Khiva and around it. More specifically, I consider how the construction of madrasas was integral to Qunghrat governance within Khorezm and how it was connected to the educational economy of wider Muslim communities within the Russian Empire.
Les « Maîtres de Tabriz », céramistes dans l’empire ottoman : Une mise au point sur leur identification
Authors: Mahi Khalida
Published: June 2019

Who are the “Masters of Tabriz”? Scholars have attempted to reply to this question by trying to discover the historical and geographical origins of these ceramists who decorated ottoman buildings. However, the absence of biographies makes their identification uncertain and leads to many different theories about their identity. In reality, these masters are only known for their names found on monumental inscriptions and from ottoman archives. To fill in the lack of evidence, researchers have resorted to investigating ancient texts. However, some of these written sources are subject to extrapolations and uncertain speculations. These are nevertheless considered as convincing elements, which obviously falsifies the identification of these ceramists. This study proposes to reconsider the elements of identification notably in rereading the primary sources written in Ottoman, Arabic and Persian. The objective is to show evidence of concrete notions concerning the “Masters of Tabriz” and dismiss unfounded hypotheses. It will thus be possible to have a clearer vision of these craftsmen, as their enigmatic history tends to create myths.
La memoria coloniale nella narrativa swahili contemporanea
Authors: Aiello Flavia
Published: June 2019

The memory of the colonial experience is a recurrent topic in the Swahili prose produced after the independencies. The present article investigates how East African writers creating in the Swahili language reconstructed and preserved the local reminiscences of the colonial trauma, sometimes in reaction to the solicitations of the political leaders. The textual analysis is contextualised by taking into account the historical, cultural and linguistic specificities of the two countries where post-independence Swahili literature developed, namely Kenya and Tanzania.
Between Christian Monasticism and Islamic ribāṭ in Ifrīqiya
Authors: la Martire Corrado
Published: June 2019

Ribāṭ is one of the prevalent sets of fortified constructions in the Islamic world. The North African coastal frontiers contain various fortifications, erected over earlier Christian sites and close to the ruins of earlier Christian monasteries. A “traditionalist” opinion maintains that these ribāṭs were monasteries or convents for ascetic warriors, among which Monastir (al-Munastīr) is believed to be the oldest in Ifrīqiya. A “revisionist” opinion describes these sites as fortifications with no ascetic purpose, functioning as places of refuge or as trading posts. Both positions cannot be fully accepted, because the case of the ribāṭ Monastir shows how the endowments linked to the ribāṭs in this geographic area merged both the ascetic and defensive purposes. It will be argued that one purpose does not rule out the other, because both seem to have been two distinct coexisting aspects of the same multifaceted institution.
How do teens learn to play video games?
Authors: Scolari Carlos , Contreras-Espinosa Ruth
Published: June 2019

The main objective of this article is to analyse informal learning processes in the field of video games. As many teenagers are engaged in these kinds of practices, the big question is: How do teens learn to play video games? In most cases they do not learn to play video games at school or with their parents, and therefore it is necessary to map and analyse these informal learning strategies (ILS). The aims of this article are to identify the main ILS that teens apply as they acquire and improve their video game literacy, and to develop a series of categories for analysing and classifying these informal learning experiences. After briefly outlining the situation of ILS and teens’ transmedia skills, in the context of a general reflection on information literacy (IL) and transmedia literacy (TL), the methodological aspects of research and fieldwork in eight countries is described. A taxonomy of ILS related to video game practices is also presented. The research team identified six modalities of ILS (learning by doing, problem solving, imitation, playing, evaluation and teaching) and expanded them with four main categories (subject, time, space and relationships) that contain a series of oppositions. This set of modalities, categories and oppositions should be considered as a first step in the construction of a set of analytical tools for describing and classifying ILS in the context of teens’ video game experiences.
General Marginal-free Association Indices for Contingency Tables: From the Altham Index to the Intrinsic Association Coefficient
Authors: Bouchet-Valat Milan
Published: June 2019

Notwithstanding a large body of literature on log-linear models and odds ratios, no general marginal-free index of the association in a contingency table has gained a wide acceptance. Building on a framework developed by L. A. Goodman, we put into light the direct links between odds ratios, the Altham index, the intrinsic association coefficient, and coefficients in log-multiplicative models including Unidiff and row-column association models. We devise a normalized version of the latter coefficient varying between 0 and 1, which offers a simpler interpretation than existing indices similar to the correlation coefficient. We illustrate with the case of educational and socioeconomic homogamy among 149 European regions how this index can be used either alone in a non- or semiparametric approach or combined with models, and how it can protect against incorrect conclusions based on models which rely on strong assumptions to summarize the strength of association as a single parameter.
Arthur Rubloff and the Grinding Politics of Renewal in Chicago, 1947 to 1986
Authors: Rose Mark , Biles Roger
Published: June 2019

Between the 1940s and 1960s, Arthur Rubloff established a formidable presence in Chicago real estate development and in the city’s urban renewal programs. And yet, not even a skilled operator like Rubloff and members of his network of business executives possessed the savvy, clout, and resources to bring all or most of their projects to a successful conclusion. Nor were the fabled Mayor Richard J. Daley and his allies in the Central Area Committee able to achieve the prerequisite unity to “renew” downtown Chicago. Rubloff surely brought greater heft and glitz to his high-priced proposals than African Americans and Puerto Ricans could muster to defend their homes and modest businesses from renewal projects. Renewal politics in downtown Chicago turned into a decades-long, grinding affair.
Cognitive behaviour language therapy for speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents
Authors: Nnamani Amuche , Akabogu Josephine , Otu Mkpoikanke Sunday , Ukoha Evelyn , Uloh-Bethels Annah C , Omile Jacinta Chinwe , Obiezu Maureen Nnenna , Dike Anastasia E , Ike Chioma Vivian , Iyekekpolor Olayinka M
Published: June 2019

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of a cognitive behaviour language therapy (CBLT) programme to reduce speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents.

Methods

This was a group randomized clinical trial that enrolled stuttering school adolescents who had severe speech anxiety. The participants were randomized to either the treatment group or the control group. The Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory (SATI) score was recorded before and after a 12-week CBLT programme was delivered in 24 group sessions to the treatment group. The control group did not receive any therapy.

Results

A total of 92 stuttering school adolescents who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to the treatment group ( n = 46; 22 males, 24 females; mean ± SD age, 16.36 ± 2.20 years) or the control group ( n = 46; 28 males, 18 females; mean ± SD age, 15.45 ± 2.10 years). Results showed that the CBLT intervention significantly reduced speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents compared with the control group (post-test SATI assessment, mean ± SD 26.52 ± 1.67 versus 89.92 ± 3.17, respectively).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that speech educators and therapists in educational institutions and hospitals should follow the principles of CBLT when treating speech anxiety.
Relationship between Asphalt Binder Parameters and Asphalt Mixture Rutting
Authors: Salim Ramadan , Gundla Akshay , Zalghout Ali , Underwood B. Shane , Kaloush Kamil E.
Published: June 2019

The selection and specification of asphalt binder is one of the factors that ultimately affect the long-term performance of asphalt pavements. Many agencies currently follow AASHTO M320 for their binder specifications, where the ratio of dynamic modulus to the sine of the phase angle, | G*|/sin δ, is the binder rutting parameter. However, an alternative now exists, AASHTO M332, which uses the non-recovered creep compliance, J nr , for this purpose. In this paper, the relative merits of these two parameters are compared using experimental results from 21 different asphalt mixtures from Arizona. The rutting parameters according to AASHTO M332 and M320 were determined for each of the binders in these mixtures and, for each mixture, two rutting performance tests were conducted: Hamburg wheel tracking test and repeated load permanent deformation test. The two binder rutting parameters demonstrated very high correlation to one another for non-polymer modified asphalts, but inconsistent correlation for polymer modified asphalts. Both Hamburg wheel tracking tests and repeated load permanent deformation tests showed positive correlations to both | G*|/sin δ and Jnr. It was concluded that, while both parameters showed good correlation, the Jnr of the binder relates better to mixture rutting than does | G*|/sin δ. Considering the results in this study, it is believed that Jnr is a slightly better rutting parameter for binder specifications.
Impact of Crack Sealant on Pavement Skid Resistance
Authors: Fried Andrew , Malladi Haritha , Castorena Cassie
Published: June 2019

Crack sealing is often a cost-effective preventive maintenance strategy for prolonging pavement service life when applied to pavements in relatively good condition. Crack sealing is generally ineffective for extending the life of heavily cracked pavements. However, crack sealing is often applied to pavements with extensive cracking. The application of crack sealing to pavements with extensive cracking can pose a skid resistance hazard. This study investigates the relationship between the amount and distribution of crack sealant application and pavement skid resistance. Locked-Wheel Skid Tester (LWST) testing was conducted on several pavement projects in North Carolina, United States, with varying amounts and patterns of crack sealant. Images of the locations of LWST testing were obtained and processed to determine the percentage of the pavement surface area covered by crack sealant. A relationship between the percentage of the wheel path covered by crack sealant and LWST results was established that demonstrates the application of high amounts of crack sealant to the wheel path can pose safety hazards. The effect of crack sealant on pavement skid resistance is a function of the existing pavement’s frictional characteristics. The results of this study highlight the need for the development of crack sealant specification provisions to avoid the loss of skid resistance.
The Attitudinal, Behavioral, and Performance Outcomes of Work Engagement: A Comparative Meta-Analysis Across the Public, Semipublic, and Private Sector
Authors: Borst Rick T. , Kruyen Peter M. , Lako Christiaan J. , de Vries Michiel S.
Published: June 2019

Eager to learn from private sector trends, practitioners in (semi)public organizations across the world have recently turned their eyes to the concept of work engagement to improve employee performance. Studies in the private sector show that work engagement is a more robust predictor of performance than, for example, satisfaction. The goal of this study is to find out whether the effects of work engagement on attitudinal, behavioral, and performance outcomes within the semipublic and public sector are also as high as expected and whether these relationships differ between the public, semipublic, and private sector. The results of the cross-sectoral meta-analysis of 130 studies showed that the most noticeable significant sectoral differences can be found in the mean work engagement and the effects of work engagement on the level of attitudinal outcomes (job satisfaction and commitment) and behavioral outcomes (workaholism and turnover intention).
Effects of a Career Exploration Intervention on Students’ Career Maturity and Self-Concept
Authors: Lau Poh Li , Chung Y. Barry , Wang Lei
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the effects of a career exploration intervention (CEI) on career maturity and self-concept among Malaysian high school students, using a true experimental design (pretest–posttest with a control group). One hundred thirty-nine high school students in Malaysia were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either a CEI or no intervention. Multivariate analyses of covariance showed significant differences in career maturity and self-concept between the experimental and control groups. Career maturity and self-concept were enhanced immediately after the CEI, and the effects were retained after 4 weeks. Students’ evaluation and feedback on the intervention were also collected. Research and practice implications are discussed.
Assimilative and Accommodative Coping and Older People’s Leisure Activities
Authors: Tourunen Anu , Siltanen Sini , Portegijs Erja , Eronen Johanna , Rantanen Taina , Saajanaho Milla
Published: June 2019

Objectives: Assimilative and accommodative coping strategies have hardly been studied in relation to leisure activities in old age. We investigated whether tenacious goal pursuit (TGP) and flexible goal adjustment (FGA) influence the association between physical performance and participation in leisure activities. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 187 community-dwelling people aged 79 to 93 years. TGP, FGA, and leisure activity participation were asked with questionnaires. Physical performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Results: TGP moderated the relationship between physical performance and leisure activity participation. Despite low physical performance, people with high TGP had close to mean level of leisure activity participation, whereas low TGP was associated with very little activity. Most notably, people without high TGP had fewer outdoor activities and group activities outside home. Similar effects were not found for FGA. Discussion: Persistency, rather than flexibility, in goal pursuit appears to help older people be active in their leisure time.
Non-interest Income, Risk and Bank Performance
Authors: Isshaq Zangina , Amoah Benjamin , Appiah-Gyamerah Ishmael
Published: June 2019

This study examines the determinants of non-interest income and the implications of non-interest income for bank risk-return trade-offs, medium-term profitability and profit variability. Over a number of specifications, we find that cost-efficiency is key to generating and profiting from non-interest income as are volume of loans generated and liquid assets held by a bank. Large banks may also profit from non-interest income but do not seem to rely on it for their profits. We do not find non-interest income detrimental to bank solvency in our sample, perhaps because the nature of non-interest income of our sample banks may not expose bank capital to significant risk of loss. This could change as the economy and financial services demand increases in sophistication.
Are Online Opinion Leaders and Seekers Distinct? A Study on Consumer Electronics Industry in India
Authors: Chakraborty Uttam , Bhat Savita
Published: June 2019

On various social media platforms, such as brand communities and brand pages, one segment of consumers shares product knowledge and another seeks product knowledge. Consumers sharing product knowledge are called online opinion leaders and those seeking product knowledge are called online opinion seekers. Given the importance of opinion leaders as low-cost marketing tools for marketers, there is an impending need to determine whether opinion leaders and opinion seekers are distinct constructs in the online context. The present study addressed this issue by analysing a relatively large sample of 1432 respondents from India. The study adopted a novel approach to collect data. Data has been collected from select e-commerce sites’ brand pages on Facebook social media platform through Google forms. The study focuses on three consumer electronic product categories, namely, smartphone, laptop and tablet. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the unidimensionality of the variables and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the variable scales. In all the three product categories, online opinion leader and online opinion seeker scales turned out to be unidimensional. Further, the results of the analyses prove that online opinion leaders and online opinion seekers are distinct. This study provides evidence that in the context of an emerging online market, namely, India, online opinion leaders and online opinion seekers are distinct.
Natural Resources Matters: Capitalism and People’s Resistance Against Developmentalism in Adivasi Region of India
Authors: Kumar Dhiraj , Sahoo Dinabandhu
Published: June 2019

Capitalist development and its fallout dispossession have been contested in various place-based struggles in India. It has intensified capital accumulation, enforcing the vast majority of population, particularly the Adivasis (tribal people) in resource-rich territories, to displace and has affected their livelihoods by accumulating their cultural rights to land, water, and forests. The prerequisite capitalist logic of investment-induced dispossession has been contested in various place-based local struggles raising important questions about mass mobilization, resistance, politics of protest, identity, and solidarity. The study provides theoretical and empirical insight of the interrelationship between culture, power, and politics of corporate state developmentalism and the way it works in Adivasi resource-rich region. By discussing how different ploys and tactics employed by corporate to establish clientelist relation with nature, backed by the state through policy, have led to poverty and dispossession of the commons, this article argues that accumulation of the growth and national development subsume various discourses facilitated by different players involving populist belief and intentions which gradually develop a class character that corresponds with dialectic of the capitalism under the rubric and politics of imperial stage of capitalism. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and case studies, the article explores the process of how the Adivasis as a class encounter neoliberal capitalist development in Kalinga Nagar Industrial Complex and West Singhbhum. Initiatives like everyday resistance ‘from below’ in response to corporate land accumulation for developmental projects have further enhanced the ecological politics and class politics that will also be discussed in shadow of different theories of political economy and critical agrarian studies.
Choosing Love Over Tradition: Lived Experiences of Asian Indian Marriages
Authors: Cardona Betty , Bedi Robinder P. , Crookston Bradley J.
Published: June 2019

Personal choice marriages, commonly called love marriages, are a phenomenon that have historically been grounded in individualistic values and Western societies; thus, arranged marriages are still a common practice in non-Western countries such as India. The primary purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to better understand the shared lived experience of Indian couples in love marriages, both those in India and those who have emigrated abroad. Sixteen individuals were interviewed for this study in India ( n = 10, representing five heterosexual couples) or the United States ( n = 6, representing three heterosexual couples). Through thematic analysis, three themes were found to represent the primary lived experiences of couples residing in India and in the United States. Based upon these themes, specific implications for professional counselors are highlighted.
Use of leftovers of monoclonal antibody products after partial extraction – A microbiological safety study
Authors: Arnamo A Hedvig , Huitema Alwin DR , Beijnen Jos H , Nuijen Bastiaan
Published: June 2019

Background/purpose

In the absence of thorough microbiological, chemical and physical stability data, high amounts of pharmaceutical products, from which the seal has been broken, are to be discarded after preparation. We performed a generic microbiological validation study for several marketed monoclonal antibody products, in order to define conditions under which leftovers from partially extracted product can be used in order to minimize loss.

Methods

From the daily practice of the Central Preparation Unit of the Netherlands Cancer Institute, used monoclonal antibody product vials were collected. To examine the integrity of the primary packaging, a VDT/S Vacuum Leak tester from Erweka was used. Vials were punctured with different types of spikes or a needle prior to experiments and examined for leakage afterward. In addition, microbiological monitoring was performed by broth simulation of the preparation method.

Results

All vials (631 vials, 18 different monoclonal antibody products) showed no leakage after puncturing with a 18 G needle. However, the use of a spike system resulted in leakage in 108 of the 435 tested vials. Results from the broth simulations confirmed a higher risk of contamination after puncturing with a spike as compared to needle-punctured vials (0.5% vs. 0.05%).

Conclusion

When working under aseptic preparation conditions and making use of appropriate needle, the risk of contamination is acceptably low to justify storage and reuse of leftover monoclonal antibody product from a microbiological perspective. The spikes tested lead to an unacceptably high level of loss of integrity and subsequent risk of microbiological contamination if stored in a non-classified environment. We concluded that these results could be applied generically to all monoclonal antibody products with a primary packaging composed of a glass vial and rubber stopper.
An advanced c-MET-amplified NSCLC patient that was treated with crizotinib
Authors: Yilmaz Mesut , Mese Sermin Guven , Cil Ibrahim , Zirtiloglu Alisan
Published: June 2019

Introduction

c-MET is a tyrosine kinase receptor, which is encoded in part by mesenchymal-epidermal transition (MET) exon 14. Mutations in the MET gene can cause increased c-MET signaling and oncogenic stimulation. Although c-MET mutation is rare, it is a targetable driver mutation. Although the guidelines do not recommend routine screening before treatment decision, there are drugs that can be used in patients who have c-MET mutation or amplification.

Case report

We present a metastatic c-MET-amplified non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient who was treated with crizotinib. He was not eligible for chemotherapy because of poor performance score; c-MET amplification was investigated after the other common driver mutations were negative.

Management and outcome

After c-MET amplification was shown, crizotinib 250 mg BID was started. A partial response was achieved with the initiation of crizotinib, and his performance score improved after treatment.

Discussion

We presented a metastatic c-MET-amplified NSCLC patient, who was not eligible for standard platin doublet chemotherapy, to emphasize the importance of investigating all driver mutations, including c-MET amplification especially in patients who cannot tolerate cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Scheduling independent stochastic tasks under deadline and budget constraints
Authors: Canon Louis-Claude , Chang Aurélie Kong Win , Robert Yves , Vivien Frédéric
Published: June 2019

This article discusses scheduling strategies for the problem of maximizing the expected number of tasks that can be executed on a cloud platform within a given budget and under a deadline constraint. The execution times of tasks follow independent and identically distributed probability laws. The main questions are how many processors to enroll and whether and when to interrupt tasks that have been executing for some time. We provide complexity results and an asymptotically optimal strategy for the problem instance with discrete probability distributions and without deadline. We extend the latter strategy for the general case with continuous distributions and a deadline and we design an efficient heuristic which is shown to outperform standard approaches when running simulations for a variety of useful distribution laws.
Strategically Leveraging Humor in Social Marketing Campaigns
Authors: Borden D. Scott , Suggs L. Suzanne
Published: June 2019

Classic and social marketing research has described some of the benefits of using humor. However, while these studies have strongly recommended the strategy, little has been reported on why practitioners have, or could, leverage humor to reach campaign goals. Addressing this need, the use of humor in 15 social marketing campaigns was investigated. Three of these campaigns were selected, aiming to promote water-efficient behavior, and examined in greater depth to highlight findings. Campaign planners were interviewed to understand their choice in strategy, objectives of their campaigns, and results achieved. Results show humor has been leveraged to target a variety of behaviors in the areas of health, social equity, environment, and education. The examples followed many recommendations within previous research. However, newly described applications of humor in these campaigns included minimizing the competing behavior, endearing an audience to the messenger, and reducing tensions around a contentious issue. This article concludes with a discussion of how these applications can be successfully leveraged and potential associated pitfalls and ethical issues that may arise from the use of humor.
Enhanced Nematocidal Activity of a Novel Artemisia Extract Formulated as a Microemulsion
Authors: Perez-Roman Ines , Garcia-Rodriguez Juan J. , Kiekens Filip , Cordoba-Diaz Damian , Cordoba-Diaz Manuel
Published: June 2019

Some species of Artemisia have traditionally been used as anthelmintics. The presence of toxic components in the extracts of these plants, such as α- and β-thujones, and their poor aqueous solubility constitutes important limitations for their clinical applications. Recently, some thujones-free populations of A. absinthium have been cultivated in Zaragoza (Spain). The main aim of the present study was to design novel microemulsion (ME) formulations of thujones-free A. absinthium steam distilled extract (AAE) to improve its solubility and, subsequently, to enhance its oral bioavailability and nematocidal activity. A D-optimal mixture design was developed to optimize the ME system, based on droplet size distribution. The optimized formulation was analyzed for its conductivity and behavior in a gastric media and its nematocidal efficacy was evaluated in an ex vivo murine model for Trichinella spiralis larvae L1. The optimized ME was composed of Tween 80: propylene glycol (1.5:1) (66.45% w/w), AAE (29.35% w/w), and distilled water (4.25% w/w). It was seen that although the optimized ME has a W/O structure, it is capable of dispersing in the gastric environment in less than 15 minutes, forming 10 nm-sized droplets. A dilution of this ME, containing 0.05% w/w AAE, was prepared and its efficacy was compared with a 0.05% w/w AAE solution. The optimized ME decreased the intestinal parasites by up to 95.7%, while the solution of the extract showed a reduction of 86.5% ( P = 0.0033). The results evidenced that the designed ME system provides a significant improvement of AAE in terms of aqueous solubility and nematocidal effect. It can also act as a promising formulation to improve the oral bioavailability of this hydrophobic extract, in order to design a future alternative to the classical treatments with benzimidazole drugs.
Perceptions of School Counselors Surviving a School Shooting
Authors: Brown Carleton H.
Published: June 2019

School counselors have an ethical and professional responsibility to offer counseling services during crises such as a school shooting. Limited research has explored the lived experiences and practices of school counselors who have experienced a school shooting. This article discusses a qualitative case study investigating school counselors’ experiences related to school shootings and presents implications for school counselors.
Online Consumer Typologies and Their Shopping Behaviors in B2C E-Commerce Platforms
Authors: Huseynov Farid , Özkan Yıldırım Sevgi
Published: June 2019

Consumer behavior in e-commerce platforms is one of the extensively researched area. Numerous studies in this field assessed consumer online shopping behavior from various aspects. However, literature review showed that most of the conducted studies do not carry out market segmentation analysis while accessing shopping behavior of online consumers. Therefore, the general conclusions made by these studies about consumer attitude, behavior, and decision-making process might not reflect actual behaviors of different consumer segments. In contrast to previous studies, this study initially carried out psychographic market segmentation analysis and found four different online consumer segments. Later, shopping behavior of each determined segment was assessed by using the developed behavior evaluation model. Findings of this study provide important information to e-retailers about the behavioral characteristics of each consumer segment. E-retailers can utilize this study findings to effectively allocate their marketing resources and design more successful marketing mix for each consumer segment.
Aspirin has potential benefits for primary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes: updated literature-based and individual participant data meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Seidu Samuel , Kunutsor Setor K. , Sesso Howard D. , Gaziano J. M. , Buring J. E. , Roncaglioni Maria Carla , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: June 2019

Background

The clinical benefit of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes remains uncertain. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality events in people with diabetes, we conducted an updated meta-analysis of published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and a pooled analysis of individual participant data (IPD) from three trials.

Methods

Randomised controlled trials of aspirin compared with placebo (or no treatment) in participants with diabetes with no known CVD were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and manual search of bibliographies to January 2019. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were used as the summary measures of associations.

Results

We included 12 RCTs based on 34,227 participants with a median treatment duration of 5.0 years. Comparing aspirin use with no aspirin, there was a significant reduction in risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)0.89 (0.83–0.95), with a number needed to treat (NNT)of 95 (95% CI 61 to 208) to prevent one MACE over 5 years average follow-up. Evidence was lacking of heterogeneity and publication bias among contributing trials for MACE. Aspirin use had no effect on other endpoints including all-cause mortality; however, there was a significant reduction in stroke for aspirin dosage ≤ 100 mg/day 0.75 (0.59–0.95). There were no significant effects of aspirin use on major bleeding and other bleeding events, though some of the estimates were imprecise. Pooled IPD from the three trials (2306 participants) showed no significant evidence of an effect of aspirin on any of the outcomes evaluated; however, aspirin reduced the risk of MACE in non-smokers 0.70 (0.51–0.96) with a NNT of 33 (95% CI 20 to 246) to prevent one MACE.

Conclusions

Aspirin has potential benefits in cardiovascular primary prevention in diabetes. The use of low dose aspirin may need to be individualised and based on each individual’s baseline CVD and bleeding risk.

Systematic review registration PROSPERO: CRD42019122326
Pediatric Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases
Authors: Chitnis Tanuja
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article provides an up-to-date summary of the categories, diagnosis, and management of pediatric demyelinating disorders.

Recent Findings

Understanding of the diverse spectrum of pediatric demyelinating disorders, including monophasic and multiphasic forms, has improved. Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disorder in children, and recent genetic and environmental risk research has clarified that pediatric MS is on the same continuum of disease as adult MS. Recent advances in the treatment of pediatric MS include clinical trials leading to regulatory agency–approved treatments. The identification of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin-4 antibodies in children has been a major advance, allowing for appropriate treatment and management of these syndromes.

Antibody testing is now helping to define subtypes of pediatric demyelinating disorders, including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–seropositive and aquaporin-4–seropositive cases that are distinct from pediatric MS. Treatments for pediatric MS are being evaluated in clinical trials.
Management of Multiple Sclerosis Relapses
Authors: Repovic Pavle
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article provides an overview of the clinical and pathologic features of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses and reviews evidence-based approaches to their treatment.

RECENT FINDINGS

Despite the increasing number and potency of MS treatments, relapses remain one of the more unpredictable and disconcerting disease aspects for many patients with MS, making their accurate recognition and treatment an essential component of good clinical care. The expanding range of relapse treatments now includes oral corticosteroids, comparable in efficacy to IV methylprednisolone at a fraction of the cost. While this development improves access to prompt treatment, it also underscores the importance of recognizing mimics of MS relapses to reduce corticosteroid overuse and its attendant risks.

Like MS itself, MS relapse remains primarily a clinical diagnosis. The treatment options for MS relapse include corticosteroids, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), plasma exchange, and rehabilitation, used singly or sequentially, with the goal of limiting the duration and impact of associated disability. Even when treated promptly and effectively, clinical or subclinical sequelae of MS relapses frequently remain.
Fibrinolysis Shutdown in Trauma: Historical Review and Clinical Implications
Authors: Moore Hunter B. , Moore Ernest E. , Neal Matthew D. , Sheppard Forest R. , Kornblith Lucy Z. , Draxler Dominik F. , Walsh Mark , Medcalf Robert L. , Cohen Mitch J. , Cotton Bryan A. , Thomas Scott G. , Leeper Christine M. , Gaines Barbara A. , Sauaia Angela
Published: June 2019

Despite over a half-century of recognizing fibrinolytic abnormalities after trauma, we remain in our infancy in understanding the underlying mechanisms causing these changes, resulting in ineffective treatment strategies. With the increased utilization of viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs) to measure fibrinolysis in trauma, more questions than answers are emerging. Although it seems certain that low fibrinolytic activity measured by VHA is common after injury and associated with increased mortality, we now recognize subphenotypes within this population and that specific cohorts arise depending on the specific time from injury when samples are collected. Future studies should focus on these subtleties and distinctions, as hypofibrinolysis, acute shutdown, and persistent shutdown appear to represent distinct, unique clinical phenotypes, with different pathophysiology, and warranting different treatment strategies.
Comprehensive single cell mRNA profiling reveals a detailed roadmap for pancreatic endocrinogenesis
Authors: Bastidas-Ponce Aimée , Tritschler Sophie , Dony Leander , Scheibner Katharina , Tarquis-Medina Marta , Salinno Ciro , Schirge Silvia , Burtscher Ingo , Böttcher Anika , Theis Fabian J. , Lickert Heiko , Bakhti Mostafa
Published: June 2019

Deciphering mechanisms of endocrine cell induction, specification and lineage allocation in vivo will provide valuable insights into how the islets of Langerhans are generated. Currently, it is ill defined how endocrine progenitors segregate into different endocrine subtypes during development. Here, we generated a novel neurogenin 3 (Ngn3)-Venus fusion (NVF) reporter mouse line, that closely mirrors the transient endogenous Ngn3 protein expression. To define an in vivo roadmap of endocrinogenesis, we performed single cell RNA sequencing of 36,351 pancreatic epithelial and NVF+ cells during secondary transition. This allowed Ngn3low endocrine progenitors, Ngn3high endocrine precursors, Fev+ endocrine lineage and hormone+ endocrine subtypes to be distinguished and time-resolved, and molecular programs during the step-wise lineage restriction steps to be delineated. Strikingly, we identified 58 novel signature genes that show the same transient expression dynamics as Ngn3 in the 7260 profiled Ngn3-expressing cells. The differential expression of these genes in endocrine precursors associated with their cell-fate allocation towards distinct endocrine cell types. Thus, the generation of an accurately regulated NVF reporter allowed us to temporally resolve endocrine lineage development to provide a fine-grained single cell molecular profile of endocrinogenesis in vivo.
Tax risks in the system of economic security
Authors: Авдийский Владимир , Avdiyskiy Vladimir , Земсков Владимир , Zemskov Vladimir , Соловьев Анатолий , Solovev Anatolii
Published: June 2019

Currently, the discipline "Tax risks in the system of economic security" occupies an important place in the applied economic literature.
The attitude to the study of problems of tax risk in our country was controversial, because prior to the transition of the economy to market mechanisms, it was believed that the system of centralized planning and management minimizes and sometimes even eliminates tax risks in the activities of economic entities.
Only from the beginning of the 1990s of the last century in our country began to spread the concept of tax risk with the introduction of separate tax accounting of expenses in the formation of the taxable base for corporate income tax. The negative consequences in tax planning and optimization of tax expenditures gradually led to a clear understanding that studying in this school of economics is an imperative necessity. The development of preventive measures to prevent and reduce tax risks are a sought-after business process not only in business entities, but also in the “taxpayer state” economic relations.
The authors hope that this manual will be useful not only for students in their preparation for tests and exams for the course “Tax risks in the system of economic security”, but also for colleagues - teachers of economic disciplines in other universities. We wish readers success in working with the manual and gratefully accept all the constructive comments and suggestions.
Why we must take back ownership of the EYFS
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: June 2019

While our early years curriculum is broad and far ranging, looking at developmentally appropriate practice from birth, we are rapidly losing this in the rush to assess and level, says Dr Sue Allingham.
Adjusting to a new focus on ‘quality of education’
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: June 2019

Sue Cowley unpacks changes to the schools and early years inspection handbooks following Ofsted's consultation and suggests what providers might expect from the new-style inspections in September.
Taking the long view
Authors: Skinner Don
Published: June 2019

Exploring key aspects of the history of early education can inspire and challenge our thinking, provide crucial insights into current issues and suggest ways to a better future. Don Skinner provides an overview and places the revision of the Early Learning Goals in this context.
Roll up with Coralie
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: June 2019

Develop children's literacy skills by engaging them with the book Cannonball Coralie and the Lion. Its story and literary devices explore ideas to do with friendship and having the courage to be yourself.
Registry stakeholders
Authors: Lübbeke Anne , Carr Andrew J , Hoffmeyer Pierre
Published: June 2019

Clinical registries are health information systems, which have the mission to collect multidimensional real-world data over the long term, and to generate relevant information and actionable knowledge to address current serious healthcare problems. This article provides an overview of clinical registries and their relevant stakeholders, focussing on registry structure and functioning, each stakeholder’s specific interests, and on their involvement in the registry’s information input and output. Stakeholders of clinical registries include the patients, healthcare providers (professionals and facilities), financiers (government, insurance companies), public health and regulatory agencies, industry, the research community and the media. The article discusses (1) challenges in stakeholder interaction and how to strengthen the central role of the patient, (2) the importance of adding cost reporting to enable informed value choices, and (3) the need for proof of clinical and public health utility of registries. In its best form, a registry is a mission-driven, independent stakeholder–registry team collaboration that enables rapid, transparent and open-access knowledge generation and dissemination.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180077
Resection of heterotopic ossification around the hip after trauma
Authors: de l’Escalopier Nicolas , Salga Marjorie , Gatin Laure , Genêt François , Denormandie Philippe
Published: June 2019

Traumatic neurological lesions may lead to development of heterotopic ossification. These cases are classified as ‘neurogenic heterotopic ossifications’ (NHOs). The associated neurological lesions can be caused by cranial trauma or spinal cord injury and may sometimes include a local trauma. NHOs that form around the hip joints are of particular interest because they often cause the patient to avoid the sitting position or the resumption of walking. Whilst NHO can involve the knee, shoulder and elbow joints, hip-involving NHOs are more numerous, and sometimes develop in close contact with vascular or neurological structures. Multi-disciplinary clinical examination is fundamental to evaluate patients for surgical intervention and to define the objectives of the surgery. The best investigation to define an NHO mass is a computerized tomography (CT) scan. Resection is performed to liberate a fused joint to provide functionality, and this need not be exhaustive if it is not necessary to increase the range of motion. While recurrence does occur post-surgery, a partial resection does not pose a greater risk of recurrence and there are no adjuvant treatments available to reduce this risk. The greatest risks associated with NHO surgical resection are infection and haematoma; these risks are very high and must be considered when evaluating patients for surgery.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180098
Impacto dos Sistemas de Recompensas na Motivação Organizacional: Revisão Sistemática pelo Método PRISMA
Authors: Do Nascimento Revenli Fernanda , Canteri Maria Helene Giovanetti , Kovaleski João Luiz
Published: June 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a influência dos sistemas de recompensas na motivação organizacional. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método PRISMA, sendo a pesquisa dividida em quatro fases: identificação, triagem, elegibilidade e inclusão. Foram consultados artigos nacionais e internacionais nas bases de dados Scielo, Science Direct e Scopus, publicados entre 2012 e 2016. Entre 317 artigos encontrados, 42 foram revisados de acordo com o escopo da pesquisa, dos quais 17 foram incluídos nesta revisão. A pesquisa realizada permitiu identificar a relação direta e positiva entre os sistemas de recompensas e a motivação no trabalho em 71% dos casos, que abrangeram diferentes âmbitos organizacionais: hotéis, empresa de dispositivos médicos, organizações do setor público, empresas do setor bancário e de turismo. Os dados permitiram verificar também que diferentes tipos de recompensas criam as condições para que os colaboradores se sintam motivados.