bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lo que el análisis léxico de ἌΘΕΟΣ en las fuentes del siglo V a.C. puede revelar sobre el estado del ateismo en ese período
Authors: Pinel Martínez Pablo
Published: September 2021

En este artículo pretendo hacer una aproximación a la conceptualización de la irreligiosidad y su relación con la increencia a partir del análisis léxico del término ἄθεος. En primer lugar, se procede a ver algunos de los usos primitivos del término y su relación con la irreligiosidad, para lo cual se va a realizar el análisis desde un punto de vista semántico; a continuación, se analizan algunos de los pasajes en los que el uso de esta palabra parece ambiguo, en los que se tendrán en cuenta aspectos pragmáticos; finalmente se comentan los contextos en los que, de manera inequívoca, el adjetivo ἄθεος define a una persona «que no cree en los dioses».
Graciela y Medea, mujeres en el teatro: de Eurípides a García Márquez
Authors: Valera Sánchez Rocío
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo aborda un estudio literario de carácter comparativo de Diatriba de amor contra un hombre sentado, única pieza teatral de García Márquez, en su relación con Medea de Eurípides. Nos centraremos principalmente en estudiar las similitudes y diferencias que caracterizan a las heroínas de cada obra, Graciela y Medea, la evolución que presentan como personajes y la fuerza que poseen como figuras femeninas. Asimismo, estudiaremos la reelaboración y adaptación que hay del mito de Grecia a Hispanoamérica. En Diatriba encontraremos a una Medea reencarnada en Graciela, una mujer del Caribe que retoma las riendas de su vida, rompiendo con los roles masculinos, y abandona todo en pos de su libertad individual.
L’exposició com a relat penúltim
Authors: Creus Castellana Maia
Published: September 2021

Ressenya del llibre Pilar BONET JULVE (Ed.), La Mèdium i el poeta. Una conversa astral entre Josefa Tolrà i Joan Brossa, Barcelona, Ajuntament de Barcelona - Fundació Joan Brossa, 2020, editat amb motiu de l’exposició presentada amb el mateix nom a la Fundació Brossa de Barcelona del 06.02 – 25.10.2020.
Saraceno y la araña: la figuración posthumana, entre reapropiaciones y derivas no antrópicas
Authors: Lucero Guadalupe
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo nos proponemos realizar una lectura crítica de la obra reciente del artista argentino Tomás Saraceno, desde la perspectiva del materialismo posthumano. Contra gran parte de la crítica que ha señalado en esta obra un ejemplo de colaboración interespecie y una suerte de utopía que habilita nuevas formas de vida para un mundo por venir, nuestro objetivo es señalar cómo se reproduce en este ejemplo una lógica que hace de todo lo existente una cantera disponible para la extracción de recursos (materiales y simbólicos) teleológicamente destinados al existente humano.  Acuñamos el término figuración posthumana para pensar alternativas no antrópicas que habiliten modos de ser imaginarios más allá de toda prerrogativa humana.
Global deblurring for continuous out-of-focus images using a depth-varying diffusion model
Authors: Wei Yangjie , Miao Guochao
Published: September 2021

The phenomenon of continuous out-of-focus imaging often occurs in high-magnification optical microscopy when observing large-scale targets. Lacking of accurate depth-varying point spread functions (DVPSFs) for blurred regions at different depths, it is difficult to locally reconstruct the clear images of these blurred regions using traditional deblurring methods, making it unreasonable to globally observe the optical features of large-scale targets in high-magnification optical microscopy. This paper proposes a global deblurring method for continuous out-of-focus images of large-scale sphere samples. In this study, first we analyze the energy diffusion characteristics of the optical imaging process, integrating the relationship between high-frequency energy parameters, optical range distance, and depth of field, and we propose a three-dimensional continuous energy diffusion model for optical imaging. Next, we propose an adaptive weight depth calculation method for a continuously changing surface based on the depth varying diffusion model by introducing the sample surface curvature variation and light direction. Finally, we propose a universal method for deblurring continuous out-of-focus images of large-scale sphere samples for the purpose of observing the global optical features in high-magnification optical microscopy. Moreover, we use dynamic microspheres of different sizes to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method. The results prove that our proposed method can accurately calculate the depth of the sample surface and the energy diffusion parameters at each depth, and it can achieve the image deblurring of a continuously changing surface and the global deblurring of multiple samples in a wide field of view.
Effect of irradiation pulses on the microstructure and phase
composition of a NiCoCrAlY laser cladding coating under the action of a
high-current pulsed electron beam
Authors: Li Yuxin , Chen Bowen , Bai Peikang , Duan Ruibin , Liang Zhiguo , Wei Shouzheng , Cai Jie , Guan Qingfeng
Published: September 2021

To reduce the number of microcracks and pores on the surface of laser cladding layers, we used a novel, to the best of our knowledge, surface alloying method to modify the surface of a NiCoCrAlY laser cladding coating using high-current pulsed electron beam technology. The x-ray diffraction peaks of the irradiated coatings were affected by the residual stress, which caused the peaks to shift and significantly broaden. With an increase in the number of pulses, the cleaning effect of the coating surface became significant. At the same time, the degree of surface alloying increased, and different degrees of slip were formed on the surface of the coating. There were many nanocrystals accumulated at the slip angle, and the grain size of the coating surface increased.
Tramtrack acts during late pupal development to direct ant caste identity
Authors: Glastad Karl M. , Ju Linyang , Berger Shelley L.
Published: September 2021

A key question in the rising field of neuroepigenetics is how behavioral plasticity is established and maintained in the developing CNS of multicellular organisms. Behavior is controlled through systemic changes in hormonal signaling, cell-specific regulation of gene expression, and changes in neuronal connections in the nervous system, however the link between these pathways is unclear. In the ant Camponotus floridanus, the epigenetic corepressor CoREST is a central player in experimentally-induced reprogramming of caste-specific behavior, from soldier (Major worker) to forager (Minor worker). Here, we show this pathway is engaged naturally on a large genomic scale during late pupal development targeting multiple genes differentially expressed between castes, and central to this mechanism is the protein tramtrack (ttk), a DNA binding partner of CoREST. Caste-specific differences in DNA binding of ttk co-binding with CoREST correlate with caste-biased gene expression both in the late pupal stage and immediately after eclosion. However, we find a unique set of exclusive Minor-bound genes that show ttk pre-binding in the late pupal stage preceding CoREST binding, followed by caste-specific gene repression on the first day of eclosion. In addition, we show that ttk binding correlates with neurogenic Notch signaling, and that specific ttk binding between castes is enriched for regulatory sites associated with hormonal function. Overall our findings elucidate a pathway of transcription factor binding leading to a repressive epigenetic axis that lies at the crux of development and hormonal signaling to define worker caste identity in C. floridanus.
Was R < 1 before the English lockdowns? On modelling mechanistic detail, causality and inference about Covid-19
Authors: Wood Simon N. , Wit Ernst C.
Published: September 2021

Detail is a double edged sword in epidemiological modelling. The inclusion of mechanistic detail in models of highly complex systems has the potential to increase realism, but it also increases the number of modelling assumptions, which become harder to check as their possible interactions multiply. In a major study of the Covid-19 epidemic in England, Knock et al. (2020) fit an age structured SEIR model with added health service compartments to data on deaths, hospitalization and test results from Covid-19 in seven English regions for the period March to December 2020. The simplest version of the model has 684 states per region. One main conclusion is that only full lockdowns brought the pathogen reproduction number, R, below one, with R ≫ 1 in all regions on the eve of March 2020 lockdown. We critically evaluate the Knock et al. epidemiological model, and the semi-causal conclusions made using it, based on an independent reimplementation of the model designed to allow relaxation of some of its strong assumptions. In particular, Knock et al. model the effect on transmission of both non-pharmaceutical interventions and other effects, such as weather, using a piecewise linear function, b(t), with 12 breakpoints at selected government announcement or intervention dates. We replace this representation by a smoothing spline with time varying smoothness, thereby allowing the form of b(t) to be substantially more data driven, and we check that the corresponding smoothness assumption is not driving our results. We also reset the mean incubation time and time from first symptoms to hospitalisation, used in the model, to values implied by the papers cited by Knock et al. as the source of these quantities. We conclude that there is no sound basis for using the Knock et al. model and their analysis to make counterfactual statements about the number of deaths that would have occurred with different lockdown timings. However, if fits of this epidemiological model structure are viewed as a reasonable basis for inference about the time course of incidence and R, then without very strong modelling assumptions, the pathogen reproduction number was probably below one, and incidence in substantial decline, some days before either of the first two English national lockdowns. This result coincides with that obtained by more direct attempts to reconstruct incidence. Of course it does not imply that lockdowns had no effect, but it does suggest that other non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) may have been much more effective than Knock et al. imply, and that full lockdowns were probably not the cause of R dropping below one.
The journey to establishing an IT-infrastructure within the German Biobank Alliance
Authors: Schüttler Christina , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Hummel Michael , Lablans Martin , Kroll Björn , Engels Cäcilia ,   on behalf of the German Biobank Alliance IT development team
Published: September 2021

Background

Biobanks ensure the long-term storage and accessibility of biospecimens and corresponding data sets. Thus, they form the foundation for many research projects which may contribute to improving medical care. With the establishment of the German Biobank Node and Alliance, expertise in biobanking is bundled and strengthened. An important component within this research infrastructure is the set-up of an information technology (IT) network for allowing feasibility requests across individual biobanks.

Objective

We aim to describe relevant aspects that have shaped the journey to interconnect biobanks, to enhance their visibility within the research-community, to harmonize data, and to enable feasibility searches to support access to available data and biosamples.

Methods

To achieve this task, we resorted to a wide variety of methods: we ran a requirement analysis, decided on the mode of operation for the federated team of IT-developers and on the development approach itself, took related national and international initiatives into account, and concluded with evaluations of the developed software artefacts and the operation of the entire chain of applications.

Results

We drew an IT framework including all heterogeneous data aspects derived from our requirement analysis and developed a comprehensive IT infrastructure. The successful implementation benefited from a smooth interaction of a federated IT team distributed across all participating sites that was even able to manage a major technology change mid-project. Authentication and project management services from associated partners could be integrated and the graphic user interface for an intuitive search tool for biospecimens was designed iteratively. The developed code is open source to ensure sustainability and the local implementation is concluded and functioning. The evaluation of the components was positive.

Conclusions

The entire project had given ample opportunity for challenges, predictable and unpredictable—from the mode of operation to changing some of the initial ideas. We learned our lessons concerning personnel, budget planning and technical as well as manual monitoring as well as some requirements arising only during the process of the project. Nevertheless, we can here report a success story of a network infrastructure, highly agile and much easier in local installation than initially anticipated.
Auditory speed processing in sighted and blind individuals
Authors: Bertonati Giorgia , Amadeo Maria Bianca , Campus Claudio , Gori Monica
Published: September 2021

Multisensory experience is crucial for developing a coherent perception of the world. In this context, vision and audition are essential tools to scaffold spatial and temporal representations, respectively. Since speed encompasses both space and time, investigating this dimension in blindness allows deepening the relationship between sensory modalities and the two representation domains. In the present study, we hypothesized that visual deprivation influences the use of spatial and temporal cues underlying acoustic speed perception. To this end, ten early blind and ten blindfolded sighted participants performed a speed discrimination task in which spatial, temporal, or both cues were available to infer moving sounds’ velocity. The results indicated that both sighted and early blind participants preferentially relied on temporal cues to determine stimuli speed, by following an assumption that identified as faster those sounds with a shorter duration. However, in some cases, this temporal assumption produces a misperception of the stimulus speed that negatively affected participants’ performance. Interestingly, early blind participants were more influenced by this misleading temporal assumption than sighted controls, resulting in a stronger impairment in the speed discrimination performance. These findings demonstrate that the absence of visual experience in early life increases the auditory system’s preference for the time domain and, consequentially, affects the perception of speed through audition.
Evaluation of a natural compound extracted from Dolichandrone atrovirens as a novel antioxidant agent using Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yellurkar Manoj Limbraj , Singh Vibhavana , Sai Prasanna Vani , Das Pamelika , Nanjappan Satheeshkumar , Velayutham Ravichandiran , Arumugam Somasundaram
Published: September 2021

The compound methyl cinnamoyl catalpol (DAM-1) was isolated from the methanol extract of Dolichandrone atrovirens. Studies have already reported the antioxidant activity of Dolichandrone atrovirens bark extract, but till date the antioxidant activity of the isolated compound DAM-1, remains unexplored. The endogenous process of reactive oxygen species generation which leads to various degenerative diseases, can be broken down using these exogenous moieties from plant origin, herein this study we sought to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the DAM-1 compound using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which is the primary model to study the antioxidant activity of compounds. Cytotoxicity assay results showed that DAM-1 treatment in the concentration of 10, 25 and 50 μg/ml has shown 100%, 91%, and 50% survival respectively with overall p<0.0001 (treatment v/s control group). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide–Formazan (MTT) assay results showed that treatment had better survival rates than the control group at different time intervals i.e. 48 h, and 72 h with p<0.01. Mechanosensation (behavioral study) as well as in vivo study results showed that at 0 h, 10 μg/ml of DAM-1 treatment showed a better anti-oxidative activity than the control group, 25 and 50 μg/ml of DAM-1 treated groups with p<0.001 but at 2.5 h incubation with 10, 25, 50 μg/ml of DAM-1 showed an increased anti-oxidative activity than the control group with p<0.001. Thermoresistance assay confirmed that the treatment group had more survival than control group with p<0.001. Absorption study of DAM-1 in C. elegans has shown that the absorption of the drug increases up to 180 mins with a slight decrease after 360 mins and then constant absorption up to 1440 mins. This study paves the way towards the initiative to explore the pharmacological role of DAM-1 in various oxidative stress mediated diseases at molecular levels and the absorption study points out its potential role which could be utilized in the metabolomics and proteomics analysis of this compound in other studies.
Measles antibody seropositivity among children with allergic diseases: A cross-sectional study in the Japan Environment & Children’s Pilot Study
Authors: Saito-Abe Mayako , Yamamoto-Hanada Kiwako , Shoji Kensuke , Sato Miori , Irahara Makoto , Taniguchi Yu , Sekiyama Makiko , Mise Nathan , Ikegami Akihiko , Shimono Masayuki , Suga Reiko , Sanefuji Masafumi , Ohga Shouichi , Oda Masako , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Miyairi Isao , Ohya Yukihiro
Published: September 2021

Background

The relationship between allergic individuals and their responsiveness to routine vaccines has rarely been investigated. This study examined whether the seroprevalence of measles antibody differed between children with and without allergic diseases in the general pediatric population.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was performed within a prospective general birth cohort (a pilot study of the Japan Environment & Children’s Pilot Study [JECS]) of children aged 8 years. The clinical history of allergic diseases, measles, and the concentration of measles immunoglobulin G titers in serum enzyme immunoassay were examined. Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess the relationships between the allergic characteristics of the children and their measles antibody positivity rates.

Results

This study included 162 children. Any allergic disease was reported in 75 (46.3%). The measles antibody positivity rate was 94.7% among children with any allergic diseases and 92.0% among children without allergic diseases. Our results revealed no differences in measles antibody seropositivity between children with allergies and controls.

Conclusions

Children with allergies mount and maintain a comparable immune response to the measles vaccine.
A (In)satisfação com os Serviços Públicos: Um Modelo Dinâmico
Authors: Bello André
Published: September 2021

Este artigo avalia o efeito da economia na satisfação da população com os serviços públicos. A contribuição empírica central é um índice nacional de satisfação com os serviços básicos do governo - saúde, educação, segurança, habitação, transporte, emprego, meio ambiente e Bolsa Família - de 1989 a 2017-, estimado com o algoritmo de díades. Os resultados mostram que as taxas de desemprego, o crescimento do PIB e as avaliações prospectivas egotrópicas da economia impactam a satisfação com os serviços públicos. Como tal, este estudo conecta duas agendas de pesquisa principais: a qualidade da democracia e a política macro.
Study of Antidepressant Activity of Garcinia indica(Kokum) Fruit Rind in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Ajjakana Bhagyashree , Nayak Roopa Prasad
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Depression is a mental disorder which is treatable but detected less often in primary healthcare settings. Therefore, there is a need for an effective treatment strategy for the management of depression. Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy is a slender evergreen tree. An invitro animal study has shown that its phytochemical constituent, hydroxy citric acid has the ability to increase serotonin levels in the brain. Hence, the objective of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia indica fruit rind in animal models of depression and compare it with control and standard drugs, imipramine, and fluoxetine. METHODS The study was conducted on Wistar albino rats of either sex. The animals were grouped into five, containing six animals in each group. Control (0.1 % carboxymethylcellulose, 10ml/kg), ethanolic extract of Garcinia indica (GIEE1) – 250mg/kg, ethanolic extract of Garcinia indica (GIEE2) – 500mg/kg, Standard1 - Imipramine – 10mg/kg ( Forced Swim test only) and Standard2 - Fluoxetine – 20mg/kg (Tail suspension test only). Drugs were administered for 14 days and antidepressant activity was evaluated on the 14th day after one hour of drug administration using two models - Forced swim test and tail suspension test. Results were tabulated as mean ± SEM (standard error of mean). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey Kramer test was used to interpret the statistical significance. RESULTS The period of immobility was obtained as 21.83 ± 1.44 and14.66 ± 2.74 in forced swim test and 36.8 ± 1.01 and 14.3 ± 0.954 in tail suspension test in GIEE1 and GIEE2 treated groups respectively, which was significantly less compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Garcinia indica has significant antidepressant activity compared to the control. KEY WORDS Antidepressant, Garcinia indica, Fruit Rind, Wistar Albino Rats
Job Satisfaction among the Faculty Members of Nursing Colleges in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfaki Mysara , Alkarani Ahmed S.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Job satisfaction has a significant impact on the work behaviour of faculty members and their attitudes to their work. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no recent studies on job satisfaction among the faculty members of nursing colleges in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of the current study was to explore the factors influencing job satisfaction among nursing department faculty members of nursing colleges in Saudi universities. METHODS This online survey was approved by Taif University under code (42 - 0085). A 35 - item (6 dimensions) five option Likert - type draft questionnaire on job satisfaction was distributed for online anonymous self-reporting by the faculty members of nursing colleges in Saudi universities (N = 116). RESULTS The general level of overall job satisfaction (OJS) of the faculty members of nursing colleges in Saudi universities on all dimensions of job satisfaction is observed to be low (OJS mean 1,28), while work itself and interpersonal relationships were high. The dimensions of job satisfaction were analysed by path coefficient and the significance test. First, for faculty member’s job satisfaction as a higher order factor consists of 6 first order factors: the influence of salary and welfare on job satisfaction is the greatest, with a path coefficient reaching .580. Next comes job competence, leader behaviour, interpersonal relationships, and the work itself. CONCLUSIONS A seven-factor job satisfaction model is advanced, including one high order factor (job satisfaction) and six first-order factors (salary and welfare, the work itself, leader behaviour, personal growth, interpersonal relationships and job competence) demonstrated good overall psychometric properties in terms of construct validity and internal consistency reliability in both the overall sample and its separately analysed subgroups. KEY WORDS Faculty Members, Job Satisfaction, Nursing Colleges, Quality of Higher Education, Saudi Arabia
Evaluation of Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancy with Jaundice in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sarkar Mihir Kumar , Halder Arindam
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Jaundice in pregnancy contributes to a significant proportion of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in our country. Overall incidence in India is 1 - 4 per 1000 deliveries. There are increased risks of preterm labour, low birth weight babies, meconium-stained liquor, intrauterine fetal death and postpartum haemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to assess the fetomaternal outcome in pregnancy with jaundice in a tertiary level hospital. METHODS This was a two-year retrospective observational study conducted by reviewing the records of jaundice in pregnancy from April 2018 to March 2020. RESULTS Viral hepatitis comes out as the most common cause accounting for 70.37 % of the cases, whereas intrahepatic cholestasis with an incidence of 20. 37 % comes out as the second aetiology. Post-partum haemorrhage is depicted as the major maternal complication whereas prematurity and birth asphyxia come out as the major perinatal complications. CONCLUSIONS The present study projects viral hepatitis (Hepatitis A and E) as the major cause of jaundice in pregnancy. Although low maternal mortality has been recorded in the present study, a high perinatal mortality due to low birth weight and birth asphyxia remains to be a matter of major concern. KEY WORDS Jaundice in Pregnancy, Viral Hepatitis, Postpartum Haemorrhage, Prematurity, Birth Asphyxia
Can Fixed Space Maintainers Have Adverse Effect on the Teeth and Periodontium?
Authors: Behroozian Ahmad , Nastarin Parastou , Aghazadeh Marziyeh , Ashraf Ahmad Pirzadeh , Aghazadeh Zahra , Manesh Mahtab Khojasteh , Alizadeh Vali
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Space maintenance after premature loss of primary teeth is of importance in preventing space loss and potential crowding in future. Fixed space maintainers are used to prevent space loss but the presence of such fixed appliances near the tooth and its supporting structures may have some adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential adverse effects of fixed space maintainers on the teeth and periodontium. METHODS Twenty young children in mixed dentition period (between 8 – 11y 7m years old) who were considered for space maintainer treatment were selected. Each patient had bilateral first molars that went under the band for fixed space maintainer. The patients were examined for decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, gingival index and periodontal pocket depth at the beginning (T0), one month (T1), three months (T2) and six months (T3) later. Repeated measures ANOVA then Post - hoc LSD (Friedman test for gingival index) tests were used to interpret the data. RESULTS As compared to the beginning of the study, at the end of the 6 months follow-up period DMFT of the involved first molars did not change significantly (P = 0.163). But bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, gingival index and periodontal pocket depths changed significantly at the same time frame (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The fixed space maintainers might have some adverse effects on the periodontal structures of the banded teeth, so the clinicians should insist more on oral hygiene instructions and the patients must be under intense oral hygiene control. KEY WORDS Space Maintainers, DMFT, Bleeding on Probing, Clinical Attachment Level, Periodontal Pocket Depth
Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD / CAM) Post and Core - A Review
Authors: Hamid Nor Faharina Abdul , Zulkefle Nurul Jannah , Mohd Ariff Tengku Fazrina Tengku , Ghani ZuryatiAb , Ahmad Rohana
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Nowadays, the use of computer aided design / computer aided manufacturing (CAD / CAM) in fabricating indirect restoration such as onlay, crown and bridge has increased tremendously. However, there is lack of clinical information and evidence on current material and fabrication techniques of CAD / CAM post and core. This paper describes the classification of the post and core system and review current perspectives on recent development of CAD / CAM post and core. An electronic search of the literature was performed via PubMed and Scopus database, using the keyword (post and core) and (CAD / CAM) and (CAD / CAM post and core) as MeSH term. Articles eligible for inclusion in the present review were published in English, journal article and dated from January 2000 until November 2020. A total of 31 publications consisting of 18 in-vitro studies, 7 case reports, 4 finite element analysis and 2 clinical techniques were included in this review. Analysis parameters included are options of chairside CAD / CAM materials, CAD / CAM system and milling machine used, advantages and disadvantages and future direction of CAD / CAM post and core. CAD /CAM post and core can be alternative option as compared to the custom-made post and core and prefabricated post and core. KEY WORDS Computer - Aided Design, Computer - Aided Manufacturing, Dental Material, Indirect Restoration, Post and Core
Ways to Improve Medication Adherence in Chronic Disease Patients – A Review
Authors: Singh Juhi , Alam Md Shamshir , Malik Anuj , Tyagi Shubham Singh , Tousib Mohd , Alam Nawazish , Jain Arinjay , Paluck Paluck
Published: September 2021

Adherence has been defined as the “voluntary, active, and collaborative involvement of the patients in mutually acceptable courses of behaviour to produce desired therapeutic effects”. Medication adherence generally illustrates the term as to whether the patients take their medicines as per prescription instruction and either they keep on to take a prescribed medication. Medication adherence performance has thus been classified into two head conceptions, namely, adherence and persistence. Whilst theoretically similar, adherence refers to concentration of drug utilization for the duration of the ongoing treatment, whereas persistence refers to the general interval of drug therapy. Improving prescription adherence may impact the well-being of the populace than the revelation of any new treatment. Indian patients are not adherent to their medication half the time, mainly due to lack of proper education and patient counselling. Albeit most doctors do not accept adherence basically because of the absence of access or neglect, and no adherence can frequently be a purposeful decision made by the Indian patients. Persistent covering of their medicine taking conduct is regularly persuaded by feelings with respect to both supplier and the patient, prompting possible desperate outcomes. On time medicine taking behaviour of the patients have great impact on the health of people than the need for new treatment option. KEY WORDS Medication Adherence, Drug Therapy, Prescription, Wellbeing, Compliance, Chronic Disease
Confronting the challenges of global complexity
Authors: Cleary Sean
Published: September 2021

Enabling science to improve policy is essential to provide human security, advance well-being and protect the global commons. While advances in science and technology now permit new solutions to mounting challenges, we must use these breakthroughs to strengthen constructive collective action at appropriate scales, from the sub-national to the global. We must abandon hubris and recognize the challenge of navigating complex systems. The sole purpose of every government is to enable the well-being of its citizens. That requires thoughtful, honest efforts to design systems of governance, from local to global, that will promote equity, human security, and sustainability.
Cultural Heritage Valorisation for Regional Development
Authors: Szabó Mariann , Józsa Viktória
Published: September 2021

Major tourism attractions are emerging as internationally acclaimed hubs of visits that both detract from visits to other cultural sites and the nonsustainability of these most-visited sites. As visitors are provided with authentic cultural heritage, the offer of specific experiences rooted in local history and the preserved cultural legacy of communities adds to a deeper touristic experience. The paper discusses the aims to improve policies that enable small and medium-sized towns and regions to valorise their cultural heritage through innovative assessments and knowledge sharing assisted by interaction with local public and private stakeholders.
Creative Destruction and Circular Economy. The Concourse and the Attitude of Phd Scholars
Authors: Kerekes Sándor
Published: September 2021

The circular economy strategy is closely linked to the EU's efforts to achieve a radical reduction in the amount of waste going to landfills. It is wrong to think, that packaging waste should be used within the packaging industry, as many have suggested in the strict sense of producer responsibility. Schumpeter saw creative destruction as one ofthe preconditions for development. The circular economy should be offensive. The economy must be transformed from a stock economy to a flow economy to achieve significant improvements in productivity and material efficiency. The public discourse on the state of the environment is very diverse. I would like to show, through a short empirical study with the help of Q methodology, how PhD students have very different views on issues related to sustainable development and the circular economy.
Features of local and systemic production of pro-inflammatory, chemoattractant mediators and vascular growth factors in high-risk corneal transplants.
Authors: Neroev V. , Balatskaya N. , Chentsova E. , Kulikova I. , Shamkhalova H.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: to study the composition and content of proinflammatory cytokines, chemoattractant mediators, vascular growth factors in blood serum (SB) and lacrimal fluid (LF) in patients with KPHR. Materials and methods. A total of 106 patients with postinflammatory corneal spots and turbid transplant were examined. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy donors. Cytokines: IL-2, IL-18, MCP-1 / CCL2, MIP-1β / CCL4, RANTES / CCL5, Eotaxin / CCL11, IP-10 / CXCL10, SDF-1α / CXCL12, VEGF-A, VEGF-D, PIGF-1, HGF / SF. Results. The study of the levels of systemic production of immunomodiators in the groups of patients revealed significant changes in the concentrations of MCP-1 / CCL2, RANTES / CCL5, Eotaxin / CCL11, IP-10 / CXCL10, SDF-1α / CXCL12, as well as angiogenic factors VEGF-A and HGF / SF compared to controls. In the group of primary KPHR in the presence of vascularization, an increase in the production of IL-18, RANTES / CCL5, Eotaxin / CCL11 was observed. 1 / CCL2, VEGF-A, PIGF-1 and HGF / SF (p<0.05). Graft vascularization in repeated (2 and higher) corneal transplants (group II) was associated with significant increases in SC IL-2, PIGF-1, and HGF/SF (p<0.05). Analysis of cytokine content in the LF of patients with repeated KPHR and vascularized graft showed a statistically significant increase in IP-10 / CXCL10, MIP-1β / CCL4, SDF-1α / CXCL12, and VEGF-A. A retrospective analysis of the content of cytokines in the SB, depending on the outcomes of keratoplasty, showed a significant increase in the concentration of 7 out of 11 studied cytokines in patients of the KPHR group with various complications in the postoperative period, including those with a developed graft rejection reaction. Conclusions. It has been shown that the formation of vascularized corneal spots is associated with a significant increase in systemic production of IL-18, an increase in the concentration of chemokines with angiogenic activity RANTES / CCL5 and Eotaxin / CCL11 in the blood of patients with KPHR. During vascularization of the graft with repeated KPHR in the SB and LF, a unidirectional increase in the levels of IL-2, MCP-1 / CCL2, growth of VEGF-A and HGF / SF is observed. A factor in the development of graft rejection is the initially high concentrations in the SB of patients with KPHR IL-2, IL-18, chemokines RANTES / CCL5, MIP1β / CCL4, VEGF-A, PLGF, HGF / SF (p<0.05), indicating about the activation of pathological angiogenesis against the background of inflammation and an activated adaptive immune response.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking in COVID-19.
Authors: Ishchenko A.
Published: September 2021

COPD is a chronic disease that progressively worsens the patient's respiratory function. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with COPD with initially low respiratory rates should theoretically lead to a more severe course and a high probability of lethal outcome. However, at present, no direct connection has been found between the presence of COPD, smoking and a high risk of being infected or severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of great importance in the study of these paradoxical facts is the interaction between the reninangiotensin and nicotinic cholinergic systems. In this review, we perform an extensive literature search for studies of the relationship between COPD, smoking, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Actual problems of mycoses caused by dimorphic pathogens
Authors: Lipnitsky A. , Polovets N. , Surkova R. , Shergina O. , Victorov D. , Toporkov A.
Published: September 2021

The literature review focuses on actual problems of the particularly dangerous mycoses – coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis. The review presents modern data on the global spread of these fungal infections. Planetary climate changes widen the endemic areas of particularly dangerous mycoses by increase of the inhalational exposure of soil after dust storms, earthquakes and floodings. The prevaling view on the life cycle of agents of coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis, C.posadasii) is that these fungi dwell in soil (are saprobes) and so for them human and small-mammal fauna are only accidental hosts. The new alternative hypothesis implies that tissue form (spherule) of Coccidioides spp. lives in host granulomas of small mammals and transforms into spore producing hyphae when the animal host dies. It is demonstrated that Histoplasma capsulatum contains at least four different cryptic species, that differ genetically and express different virulence. Recently, discoveries of novel dimorphic systemic fungal pathogens have challenged the current taxonomy of family Ajellomycetacae. The new genus Emergomyces including five species is described. Another dimorphic pathogen is discovered and named Blastomyces percursus. These fungi cause disseminated mycoses globally, primarily in HIVinfected patients.
Activity of hydrolytic enzymes of innate immunity in bacterial and coronaviral pneumonia.
Authors: Zemko V. , Frolova A. , Zemko Y. , Okulich V. , Lepteeva T.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work was to study the enzymatic activities of hydrolases in the blood serum of patients with bacterial pneumonia, pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 and practically healthy volunteers who made up the comparison group. A number of blood serum enzymes related to innate immunity were determined: lysozyme, elastase, BAPNAamidase and deoxyribonuclease activity. Results: it was shown that blood serum in pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 has the highest level of elastase and lysozyme activities, which significantly (p<0,001) exceeded the corresponding activities of sera amongst patients with bacterial pneumonia and in the comparison group. It was also found that trypsin-like activity of blood serum was increased in bacterial pneumonia in comparison with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (p <0,001). There were no statistically significant differences in the level of deoxyribonuclease activity of blood serum among analyzed groups.
Superficial fungal infections in a time of pandemi
Authors: Sergeev A. , Burova S. , Kasikhina E.
Published: September 2021

Current challenges for healthcare systems worldwide should not overshadow global prevalence of contagious superficial fungal infections. Causative agents, patterns of their spread and clinical manifestations of cutaneous mycoses all change and so does our knowledge of fungal biology and genetics. Sooner or later, dermatologists would have to adapt or develop newer diagnostic and therapeutic modalities according to novelties im dermatophyte taxonomy and major epidemiologic shifts. Common management of tinea infections in most developed countries including Russia still relies on the same hundred years old mycological techniques and the same antifungals as decades ago. Emergence of resistant dermatophyte strains and reported series of recalcitrant tinea infections in some regions of the world raise awareness in Europe today and may be expected in Russia tomorrow. Learning from recent international experience and clinical trials, one may need reappraisal of different topical antifungals recommended in Russia.
Tres nuevos Agaricomycetes para la Argentina: Cruentomycena viscidocruenta, Collybiopsis luxurians y Collybiopsis subpruinosa
Authors: Martínez Agustín P. , Lechner Bernardo E.
Published: September 2021

Three new records of Agaricomycetes are cited for the first time for Argentina: Cruentomycena viscidocruenta, Collybiopsis luxurians and Collybiopsis subpruinosa. Complete descriptions and illustrations are provided in this work, and color photographs of the fresh samples were added. Comments were made about the taxonomy and ecology of the species presented.
Fasora, L., Hanuš, J. Mýty a tradice středoevropské univerzitní kultury
Authors: Knecht Petr
Published: September 2021

Book review on Fasora, L., Hanuš, J. Mýty a tradice středoevropské univerzitní kultury. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2019, 220 s.
Learning linear non-Gaussian graphical models with multidirected edges
Authors: Liu Yiheng , Robeva Elina , Wang Huanqing
Published: September 2021

In this article, we propose a new method to learn the underlying acyclic mixed graph of a linear non-Gaussian structural equation model with given observational data. We build on an algorithm proposed by Wang and Drton, and we show that one can augment the hidden variable structure of the recovered model by learningmultidirected edgesrather than only directed and bidirected ones. Multidirected edges appear when more than two of the observed variables have a hidden common cause. We detect the presence of such hidden causes by looking at higher order cumulants and exploiting the multi-trek rule. Our method recovers the correct structure when the underlying graph is a bow-free acyclic mixed graph with potential multidirected edges.
Examining the Potential Impacts of Social Vulnerability on Damage Levels in Areas Affected by Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Liew Hui-Peng , Eidem Nathan
Published: September 2021

To our knowledge, this is one of the pioneering studies that examined the associations between changes in different dimensions of social vulnerability from 2000 to 2016 on damage levels resulting from Hurricane Harvey. The empirical work was based on data obtained from the FEMA Modeled Building Damage Assessments Harvey 20170829 and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)’s Geospatial Research, Analysis & Services Program (GRASP). Results from linear mixed effects modeling and the spatial error and CAR models suggested that damage level was determined by certain aspects of social vulnerability; the level of damage increased with inundation depth, population aging, and the proportion of minority population. Efforts to promote resilience in natural disasters should focus on individuals living in areas characterized by increases in population aging and minority population. Results also revealed that certain processes associated with economic growth and urban development might affect an area’s resilience and susceptibility to natural disasters and the processes associated with disaster response and mitigation.
Prepositional phrases in German in Austria – identifying patterns of variation
Authors: Kim Agnes , Korecky-Kröll Katharina
Published: September 2021

German in Austria is claimed to be shaped by wide-spread dialect use and historical language contact. In this context, variation in prepositional phrases (PPs) is frequently cited, but still underresearched. Three linguistic variables are particularly interesting: (1) preposition choice (p-choice), (2) case marking in PPs and (3) preposition–determiner contractions. The present study aims at identifying linguistic and sociolinguistic – including regional – patterns of variation in the realization of PPs with two-way prepositions in German in Austria on the basis of natural production data including formal and informal registers from urban and rural adults of different age groups and different socioeconomic backgrounds living in Bavarian regions of Austria. The data were compared against the German standard variety from Germany to identify all constructions (possibly) specific for German in Austria. Results indicate that p-choice (particularly in directed motion constructions) shows mostly regional effects: South Bavarian varieties are characterized by preposition drop, whereas in the other regions, the prepositionauf‘on(to)’ seems overrepresented. However, case marking is more dependent on sociodemographic variables and accusative–dative syncretism appears more frequently in plural than in singular contexts. Finally, specific preposition–determiner contractions are widespread across all regions and groups investigated, even in (close-to-)standard registers.
Analysing spells in the Harry Potter series: Sound-symbolic effects of syllable lengths, voiced obstruents and low vowels
Authors: Kumagai Gakuji
Published: September 2021

The current study is the first to attempt to perform a sound-symbolic analysis of the spells featured in the Harry Potter series. The present research analysed 171 spells in terms of syllable lengths and the number of voiced obstruents and stressed low vowels. The results showed that the Killing Curse, Avada Kedavra, which is known as one of the most powerful and sinister spells, has the most voiced obstruents and stressed low vowels. The study then experimentally examined whether three factors – syllable lengths, voiced obstruents and low vowels – evoked the imagery of powerful spells using nonce words. The results suggested that voiced obstruents and stressed low vowels are sound-symbolically associated with powerful imagery, which aligns with the studies in Pokémonastics concerning strong character names (Kawahara et al. 2018; Shih et al. 2019). Moreover, names containing more syllables were favoured as powerful spells by those who are unfamiliar with the Harry Potter series, which is evidence of the iconicity of quantity in general English speakers.
Effect of non-competitive inhibitors of aminopeptidase N on viability of human and murine tumor cells
Authors: Pascual Alonso Isel , García Gabriela , Díaz Lisset , Arrebola Yarini , Rivera Méndez Laura , Almeida García Fabiola , Chappé Pacheco Mae , Sánchez Belinda , Charli Jean-Louis
Published: September 2021

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Peptidases participate in tumor development and growth. Mammalian neutral aminopeptidase (APN, EC 3.4.11.2, M1 family) catalyzes the cleavage of neutral and basic amino acids from the N-terminus of substrates. APN expression is dysregulated in several types of cancer, being a target for the development of new anticancer agents. Recently, we identified three new non-competitive inhibitors of soluble porcine APN (pAPN) by virtual screening (BTB11079, JFD00064, BTB07018, from Maybridge). In the present contribution we assayed their effect on the activity of APN in a microsomal preparation of porcine kidney cortex, a model of the physicochemical environment of the enzyme. These classical inhibitors had an IC50 value of 3–5 µM. Additionally, using a kinetic approach and a specific substrate, we quantified APN activity on the cell surface of human and murine lung, colon, prostate, and skin tumor cells. APN inhibitors reduced tumor cells viability, more efficiently in the higher APN activity tumor cell lines, but not in non-tumoral cells. BTB11079, JFD00064, BTB07018 effects on cell viability were stronger than that of bestatin, a positive control. Thus, these non-competitive APN inhibitors may be useful tools for cancer treatment.