bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bewegungsängste lösen – Expositionstherapie nach VKB-Ruptur
Authors: Diemer Frank , Zebisch Jochen
Published: June 2024

Nachdem sich bei Menschen mit Rückenschmerzen die Erkenntnis durchgesetzt hat, dass auch die Psyche Beachtung finden muss, verbreitet sich die Bewegungstherapeutische Expositionstherapie immer mehr in der Rehabilitation von Sportverletzungen. Auch nach Kreuzbandverletzungen kommt es auf mehr als ein gutes funktionelles Outcome an.
Laughter, humor, and signifying chains in replacing names with nicknames by adolescents in two Latin American cities
Authors: Bolaños Diego Fernando , Pereira Marcelo Ricardo
Published: June 2024

We have explored the replacement of proper names with nicknames—the renaming process—from a psychoanalytic perspective. This clinical research was conducted with adolescents in two Latin-American countries. By analyzing participants’ talk during their interactions in gathering places for artistic performance, along with individualized interviews, we approach the symbolic universe surrounding proper names and nicknames. Our work sheds light on how the meanings and signifiers of nicknames impact youth identities, expanding on the “funny” emergence of the social bond and these youngsters’ subjectivity, hereinafter referred to as “par-ceros” (pals; or literally “pair-zero”).
Planning and design for long-term neighborhood adaptability: an investigation of the formation and evolution of Kreuzviertel in Dortmund, Germany
Authors: Cozzolino Stefano
Published: June 2024

This article addresses the question of how to develop planning and design frameworks capable of accommodating long-term neighborhood adaptability. Despite recent studies offering normative ideas to tackle this challenge, there is a noticeable shortage of investigations examining the effective role of planning in the genesis and evolution of successful existing urban areas. In helping to bridge this research gap, the article undertakes a comprehensive study of planning and design measures which has guaranteed the formation and evolution of Kreuzviertel, in Dortmund, Germany. It analyses the neighborhood’s genesis, contemporary urban planning characteristics, factors contributing to its appeal, and the effective contributions of planning and design interventions to its success. The article reflects on this case study and more general implications on the topic.
Macroscopic and microscopic insights regarding organization of nematic liquid crystalline phase assisted by in situ grown gold nanoparticles
Authors: Dan Kaustabh , Satpati B. , Datta A.
Published: June 2024

In this present article, we report the organization of the room temperature nematic liquid crystalline (NLC) phase of MBBA [N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline] in the presence of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which are synthesized in situ within the MBBA matrix without using any separate reducing, stabilizing, or capping unit. The imine nitrogen (C=N) of MBBA is capable of donating its non-bonding electrons and, therefore, we explore the possibility that this could reduce the Au precursor (HAuCl4, 3H2O) to generate AuNPs within the MBBA matrix and form a stable MBBA–AuNP composite. The role duality of MBBA is evident in our synthesis process, acting as an active site to reduce Au precursor to generate AuNPs as well as to provide support to synthesized AuNPs as a soft template so that synthesis and assembly can happen concomitantly. The AuNPs formed in this process comprise mostly faceted spherical particles at higher concentrations of precursor, as evident from TEM and SEM investigations, and the size of the AuNPs was observed to be increasing with precursor concentration. The most important aspect that has emerged from our study is the organization of the NLC phase during AuNP production, which is clearly manifested through the evolution of ordered textures, significant enhancements in the isotropization temperature, associated enthalpies, and perceptible modifications in the optical properties of NLC. All these collective phenomena are indicative of AuNP assisted phase ordering in MBBA. The observed macroscopic phase ordering is well corroborated with our findings from microscopic investigations, which provide deep molecular insight regarding such phenomena.
Electron spectroscopy using transition-edge sensors
Authors: Patel K. M. , Withington S. , Shard A. G . , Goldie D. J. , Thomas C. N.
Published: June 2024

Transition-edge sensors (TESs) have the potential to perform electron spectroscopic measurements with far greater measurement rates and efficiencies than can be achieved using existing electron spectrometers. Existing spectrometers filter electrons by energy before detecting a narrow energy band at a time, discarding the vast majority of electrons available for measurement. In contrast, TESs have intrinsic energy sensitivity and so do not require prior filtering to perform energy-resolved measurements. Despite this fundamental advantage, TES electron spectroscopy has not, to our knowledge, previously been reported in the literature. We present the results of a set of proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating TES electron spectroscopy experiments using Mo/Au TESs repurposed for electron calorimetry. Using these detectors, we successfully measured the electron spectrum generated by an electron beam striking a graphite target with energies between 750 and 2000 eV, at a noise-limited energy resolution of 4 eV. Based on the findings of these experiments, we suggest improvements that could be made to TES design to enhance their electron detection capabilities through the use of a dedicated electron absorber in the device with integrated electron optics.
Parameter extraction of tandem solar cell model including radiative coupling from measured data of photovoltaic system
Authors: Li Juan , Chen Benyuan , Lv Qinghua , Lv Hui , He Wan , Fan Jinhu , Ye Shaohua
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a precise, stable, and reliable dish concentrated photovoltaic system on the roof is demonstrated, and parameters of a model for triple-junction solar cell, incorporating radiative coupling, are extracted from the measured data, providing electrical engineers with valuable insights. By comparing the models with and without radiative coupling to measured curves, it is confirmed that radiative coupling has significant impacts on the shape of curves. It is found that the curve fitting by the model without radiative coupling has a prominent concavity near the maximum power point, which is not consistent with the measured data, proving that radiative coupling yields impressive compensation effect on the total current. A total of 16 parameters are identified in parallel, and the variation of some parameters with bias are also provided. In addition, how various parameters in each subcell influence the I–V curve and efficiency of solar cell are compared and summarized. An application of the model is presented at last.
Evaluation and comparison of simple empirical models for dead fuel moisture content
Authors: Sharples Jason J. , Reddy P. Jyoteeshkumar , Resco de Dios Victor , Nolan Rachael H. , Boer Matthias M. , Bradstock Ross A.
Published: June 2024

Background The moisture content of litter and woody debris is a key determinant of fire potential and fire behaviour. Obtaining reliable estimates of the moisture content of dead fine fuels (i.e. 1-h and 10-h fuels) is therefore a critical requirement for effective fire management. Aims We evaluated and compared the performance of five simple models for fuel moisture content. The models belong to two separate classes: (1) exponential functions of the vapour pressure deficit; and (2) affine functions of the (weighted) difference between air temperature and relative humidity. Methods Model performance is assessed using error and correlation statistics, calculated using cross validation, over four empirical datasets. Key results Overall, the best performing models were the relaxed and generalised models based on the weighted difference between temperature and relative humidity. Conclusions Simple functions of the difference between air temperature and relative humidity can perform as well as, if not better than exponential functions of vapour pressure deficit. However, it is important to note the limitations of all these models when applied to fuels with moisture contents <10%. Implications The moisture content of fine dead fuels and woody debris can be reliably estimated using simple models that are amenable to easy application.
Multi-century times-since-fire and prior fire interval determine biomass carbon stocks in obligate-seeder eucalypt woodlands
Authors: Gosper Carl R. , Yates Colin J. , Wiehl Georg , O’Donnell Alison , Prober Suzanne M.
Published: June 2024

Background Understanding the influence of fires on terrestrial carbon stocks is important for informing global climate models and underpinning land management-based carbon markets. Aims To quantify biomass carbon in south-western Australia’s Great Western Woodlands – the world’s largest extant Mediterranean-climate woodland – with time-since-fire and prior fire interval. Methods Plot-based measurement of live and dead tree and shrub size, woody debris volume and litter mass across a ~400-year chronosequence to calculate biomass carbon. Key results Biomass carbon increased with time-since-fire, reaching >65 Mg C ha−1, although the rate of increase declined in mature woodlands. Biomass carbon decreased after fire in these obligate-seeder woodlands, while a longer prior fire interval buffered carbon fluxes through retained large standing dead trees and fallen woody debris. Conclusions The current age class distribution of the ~95,000 km2 of eucalypt woodlands in the region may support ~0.453 Pg C. Further refinement of carbon estimates explicitly considering variation in woodland type and climate, a continuous woodland age distribution and soil carbon are required to underpin a carbon methodology. Implications Biomass carbon would be maximised by reducing the extent of bushfires impacting woodlands, focussing on existing mature stands that support the greatest carbon stocks.
PD-L1 promotes oncolytic virus infection via a metabolic shift that inhibits the type I IFN pathway
Authors: Hodgins Jonathan J. , Abou-Hamad John , O’Dwyer Colin Edward , Hagerman Ash , Yakubovich Edward , Tanese de Souza Christiano , Marotel Marie , Buchler Ariel , Fadel Saleh , Park Maria M. , Fong-McMaster Claire , Crupi Mathieu F. , Makinson Olivia Joan , Kurdieh Reem , Rezaei Reza , Dhillon Harkirat Singh , Ilkow Carolina S. , Bell John C. , Harper Mary-Ellen , Rotstein Benjamin H. , Auer Rebecca C. , Vanderhyden Barbara C. , Sabourin Luc A. , Bourgeois-Daigneault Marie-Claude , Cook David P. , Ardolino Michele
Published: June 2024

While conventional wisdom initially postulated that PD-L1 serves as the inert ligand for PD-1, an emerging body of literature suggests that PD-L1 has cell-intrinsic functions in immune and cancer cells. In line with these studies, here we show that engagement of PD-L1 via cellular ligands or agonistic antibodies, including those used in the clinic, potently inhibits the type I interferon pathway in cancer cells. Hampered type I interferon responses in PD-L1–expressing cancer cells resulted in enhanced efficacy of oncolytic viruses in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, PD-L1 expression marked tumor explants from cancer patients that were best infected by oncolytic viruses. Mechanistically, PD-L1 promoted a metabolic shift characterized by enhanced glycolysis rate that resulted in increased lactate production. In turn, lactate inhibited type I IFN responses. In addition to adding mechanistic insight into PD-L1 intrinsic function, our results will also help guide the numerous ongoing efforts to combine PD-L1 antibodies with oncolytic virotherapy in clinical trials.
Complete analysis of differential cross section in 7
Li +

γ

→

→

6
Li + n at astrophysical energies
Authors: V Aswathi , Shastri Venkataramana , S P Shilpashree
Published: June 2024

We have carried out complete analysis of differential cross section in 7
Li + γ → 6
Li + n using model-independent theoretical formalism. A complete analysis of the reaction involves measurements of not only one state of linear polarization of the photon but also another state of linear polarization inclined to the first at 45◦ and two states of circular polarization of the photon. An analytical study of the differential cross section including all the photon polarization states is carried out at near-threshold energies of interest to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.
Investigation of Debye temperature and temperature-dependent EXAFS cumulants of Zn, Zr, α-Ti, Ru and Hf metals
Authors: Hieu Ho Khac , Lam Le Thu , Tam Nguyen Trong , Hong Nguyen Thi
Published: June 2024

In this work, the anharmonic Einstein model is developed to determine the Debye temperature and investigate the temperature effects on the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) cumulants of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) metals. We have derived the analytical expressions of the anharmonic effective potential, the effective force constant, the Debye temperature and the first four EXAFS cumulants as a function of axial ratio e = c/a. Numerical calculations have been conducted for hcp Zn, Zr, α-Ti, Ru and Hf metals up to temperature 800 K. Our findings indicate that the anharmonicity of thermal lattice vibrations significantly influences the EXAFS cumulants, particularly at high temperatures. Ru atoms have the strongest coupling force causing a phenomenon that Ru lattice shows a smaller thermal disorder, and Zn has a greater thermal disorder. Additionally, we highlight the significant contributions of thermal disorder to the mean-square relative displacement at high temperatures due to thermal lattice vibrations. Moreover, our Debye temperatures derived from the developed model align reasonably well with those reported in previous studies.
Direct implementation of a frequency-programmable Josephson voltage standard to provide an SI traceable optical power scale
Authors: White M G , Rufenacht A , Fox A , Gamouras A , Tomlin N A , Lehman J H , Benz S
Published: June 2024

We have developed a technique to determine the electrical substitution power of a cryogenic optical radiant power detector, that directly implements a frequency-programmable Josephson voltage standard (FPJVS), thus reducing the traceability chain. The optical power detector and the Josephson voltage reference are combined inside a common cryogenic environment. We demonstrate the practicality of the technique by using a FPJVS to apply a known voltage across the resistive heater of a standard NIST cryogenic planar radiometric detector. The power applied to the detector heater is calculated from a measurement of the heater resistance and the known applied voltage. The FPJVS dc bias current source supplies dc current to the resistive heater. In this demonstration, the standard uncertainty of the substituted electrical power is limited by the uncertainty of the electrical heater four-wire resistance measurement at 4 K. The uncertainty due to the resistance measurement is 1 part in 105out of a total uncertainty of 1 part in 104(k= 2) on the 1 mW optical power measurement. We aim to develop the technique, to provide traceability to the International System of Units for the picowatt power measurement of single-photon emitters such as quantum dot sources.
Feynman–Kac equation for Brownian non-Gaussian polymer diffusion
Authors: Zhou Tian , Wang Heng , Deng Weihua
Published: June 2024

The motion of the polymer center of mass (CM) is driven by two stochastic terms that are Gaussian white noise generated by standard thermal stirring and chain polymerization processes, respectively. It can be described by the Langevin equation and is Brownian non-Gaussian by calculating the kurtosis. We derive the forward Fokker–Planck equation governing the joint distribution of the motion of CM and the chain polymerization process. The backward Fokker–Planck equation governing only the probability density function (PDF) of CM position for a given number of monomers is also derived. We derive the forward and backward Feynman–Kac equations for the functional distribution of the motion of the CM, respectively, and present some of their applications, which are validated by a deep learning method based on backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs), i.e. the deep BSDE method.
Islands in stable fluid equilibria
Authors: Drivas Theodore , Ginsberg Daniel
Published: June 2024

We prove that stable fluid equilibria with trivial homology on curved, reflection-symmetric periodic channels must posses “islands”, or cat’s eye vortices. In this way, arbitrarily small disturbances of a flat boundary cause a change of streamline topology of stable steady states.
Synthesis, characterization, and OFET characteristics of p-type organic semiconductors incorporating diketopyrrolopyrrole and thiadiazole-quinoxaline acceptors
Authors: Takahashi Naohiro , Nishiyama Tomoki , Weng Weichun , Miwa Yuki , Marumoto Shinsuke , Kitoh-Nishioka Hirotaka , Tanaka Senku , Okubo Takashi
Published: June 2024

P-type Organic Semiconductors, TQx5-BT-DPP8 (1a) and TQx5-BT-DPP20 (1b), consisting of a donor unit of bithiophene (BT) and two acceptor units of thiadiazole quinoxaline (TQx) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), were synthesized, and their electronic states and physical properties were elucidated. These semiconductors demonstrate strong absorption extending from the visible to the near-infrared region, functioning effectively as strong donor dyes. The organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) exhibited normally on transistor characteristics, with carrier mobilities of 1.1 × 10−3 cm2/Vs for 1a and 3.3 × 10−4 cm2/Vs for 1b.
The role of temperature in vitality and survival assessments of beam-trawled and discarded European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)
Authors: Uhlmann Sven Sebastian , Paoletti Silvia , Ampe Bart , Theodoridis Konstantinos , Kochzius Marc , Koeck Barbara
Published: June 2024

Thermal stress can influence the recovery of fish released after capture. Vitality assessments using reflex and behavioural responses require that responses can be observed reliably, independent of temperature. Here, we tested whether reflex and behavioural impairment and survival of beam-trawled and discarded European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) are independent from seasonal air and water temperature deviations. In total, 324 beam-trawled plaice (n = 196 in summer and n = 128 in winter) were exposed to two air temperature treatments and two water treatments (i.e. modified and ambient temperatures for both). The modified treatments (i.e. cooled in summer, warmed in winter) represent the thermal shock a fish may experience when being returned to the water. All reflexes and tested behaviours were affected by ambient temperature, with high impairment noted in summer. None of the reflexes were affected by temperature shocks alone, only body flex was. Body flex was highly impaired under every exposure combination. Fish size and duration of air exposure further influenced impairment of reflexes such as head complex and tail grab. More generally, post-release survival was assessed as 21% [95% CI: 16–28%] in summer and 99% [97–100%] in winter. Beam trawling in summer is likely to induce high reflex impairment and mortality in discarded plaice, and therefore spatial–temporal mitigation approaches should be prioritized over control of on-board temperatures.
Demand for Commitment in Credit and Saving Contracts: A Field Experiment
Authors: Afzal Uzma , d’Adda Giovanna , Fafchamps Marcel , Quinn Simon , Said Farah
Published: June 2024

We conduct a field experiment in which we offer credit and saving contracts to the same pool of Pakistani microfinance clients. Additional treatments test ex ante demand for soft commitment (in the form of reminders, either to respondents or to their families), hard commitment (in the form of a penalty for missing an instalment) and flexibility (an option to postpone an instalment) to save or pay loan instalments on time. We find substantial demand for fixed repayment contracts in both the credit and savings domains, in ways that imply that respondents value the commitment required. While we find little or no average demand for additional contractual features, we nonetheless observe that different combinations of contractual add-ons are preferred depending on the respondent’s level of financial discipline. Respondents with high financial discipline prefer flexibility in credit contracts when combined with reminders to self while those with low discipline value penalties in savings contracts only when paired with reminders. Our results imply that, for the average microfinance client, demand for commitment is met through the regular payment schedule built into standard microcredit or commitment savings contracts. However, combining penalties or flexibility with reminders may appeal to certain subsets of clients.
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis
Authors: Dinu Monica , Sofi Francesco , Lotti Sofia , Colombini Barbara , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Catapano Alberico L , Casula Manuela , Baragetti Andrea , Wong Nathan D , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Ambrosio Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

Aims

Benefits of pharmacologic omega-3 fatty acid administration in cardiovascular prevention are controversial. Particularly, effects on coronary revascularization are unclear; also debated are specific benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). We investigated incident coronary revascularizations, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure (HF), unstable angina, and cardiovascular death, in subjects randomized to receive EPA or EPA + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) vs. control.

Methods and results

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted after MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library search. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines were followed for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. Data were pooled using a random effects model. Eighteen RCTs with 134 144 participants (primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention) receiving DHA + EPA (n = 52 498), EPA alone (n = 14 640), or control/placebo (n = 67 006) were included. Follow-up ranged from 4.5 months to 7.4 years. Overall, compared with controls, omega-3 supplementation reduced the risk of revascularization [0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.98; P = 0.001; P-heterogeneity = 0.0002; I2 = 68%], MI (0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.98; P = 0.02; P-heterogeneity = 0.06; I2 = 41%), and cardiovascular death (0.92, 95% CI 0.85–0.99; P = 0.02; P-heterogeneity = 0.13; I2 = 33%). Lower risk was still observed in trials where most participants (≥60%) were on statin therapy. Compared with DHA + EPA, EPA alone showed a further significant risk reduction of revascularizations (0.76, 95% CI 0.65–0.88; P = 0.0002; P-interaction = 0.005) and all outcomes except HF.

Conclusion

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced the risk of cardiovascular events and coronary revascularization, regardless of background statin use. Eicosapentaenoic acid alone produced greater benefits. The role of specific omega-3 molecules in primary vs. secondary prevention and the potential benefits of reduced revascularizations on overall health status and cost savings warrant further research.
Contributing to an inclusive education for neurodivergent students: sharing reflections, practices, and experiences
Authors: Pigato Giorgia
Published: June 2024

It is estimated that one in seven individuals, more than 15% of the population in the UK, are neurodivergent. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in university students disclosing disabilities, specific learning difficulties, or mental health conditions. Despite this, students with disabilities and learning differences often experience lower levels of well-being compared to their peers, and their completion rates are significantly lower. Two years ago, I was tasked with creating a training program for academic staff to enhance their support for neurodivergent students. In this commentary, I share reflections on what I have learned while developing this training, and I outline effective strategies and approaches that can be implemented in the design and delivery of educational content. I advocate a collaborative approach to training development with neurodivergent students and with colleagues with various roles. The commentary draws upon the Universal Design for Learning framework to advocate for an educational environment that is welcoming and accommodating to all learners. It champions strength-based practices, steering clear of the traditional deficit-focused narratives. My goal with this reflection is to prompt educators to reflect on their teaching methodologies, engage in conversations with their students, and to consider substantial pedagogical changes that prioritize inclusivity over reasonable adjustments.
Prioritizing commercial thinning: quantification of growth and competition with high-density drone laser scanning
Authors: Irwin Liam A K , Coops Nicholas C , Riofrío José , Grubinger Samuel G , Barbeito Ignacio , Achim Alexis , Roeser Dominik
Published: June 2024

Laser scanning sensors mounted on drones enable on-demand quantification of forest structure through the collection of high-density point clouds (500+ points m−2). These point clouds facilitate the detection of individual trees enabling the quantification of growth-related variables within a stand that can inform precision management. We present a methodology to link incremental growth data obtained from tree cores with crown models derived from drone laser scanning, quantifying the relative growth condition of individual trees and their neighbours. We stem-mapped 815 trees across five stands in north-central British Columbia, Canada of which 16% were cored to quantify recent basal area growth. Point clouds from drone laser scanning and orthomosaic imagery were used to locate trees, model three-dimensional crown features, and derive competition metrics describing the relative distribution of crown sizes. Local access to water and light were simulated using topographic wetness and potential solar irradiance indices derived from high-resolution terrain and surface models. Wall-to-wall predictions of recent basal area growth were produced from the best-performing model and summarized across a grid alongside a tree-level competition index. Overall, crown volume was most strongly correlated with observed differences in 5-year basal area increment (R2 = 0.70, P < .001). Competition and solar irradiance metrics were significant as univariate predictors (P < .001) but nonsignificant when included in multivariate models with crown volume. Using predictions from the best-performing model and laser-scanning-derived competition metrics, we present a newly developed growth competition index to assess variability and inform commercial thinning prescription prioritization. Growth predictions, competition metrics, and the growth competition index are summarized into maps that could be used in an operational workflow. Our methodology presents a new capacity to capture and quantify intra-stand variation in growth by combining competition metrics and measures of recent growth with high-density drone laser scanning data.
Use of simulation to optimize a sweet corn breeding program: implementing genomic selection and doubled haploid technology
Authors: Peixoto Marco Antônio , Coelho Igor Ferreira , Leach Kristen A , Lübberstedt Thomas , Bhering Leonardo Lopes , Resende Márcio F R
Published: June 2024

Genomic selection and doubled haploids hold significant potential to enhance genetic gains and shorten breeding cycles across various crops. Here, we utilized stochastic simulations to investigate the best strategies for optimize a sweet corn breeding program. We assessed the effects of incorporating varying proportions of old and new parents into the crossing block (3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1 ratio, representing different degrees of parental substitution), as well as the implementation of genomic selection in two distinct pipelines: one calibrated using the phenotypes of testcross parents (GSTC scenario) and another using F1 individuals (GSF1). Additionally, we examined scenarios with doubled haploids, both with (DH) and without (DHGS) genomic selection. Across 20 years of simulated breeding, we evaluated scenarios considering traits with varying heritabilities, the presence or absence of genotype-by-environment effects, and two program sizes (50 vs 200 crosses per generation). We also assessed parameters such as parental genetic mean, average genetic variance, hybrid mean, and implementation costs for each scenario. Results indicated that within a conventional selection program, a 1:3 parental substitution ratio (replacing 75% of parents each generation with new lines) yielded the highest performance. Furthermore, the GSTC model outperformed the GSF1 model in enhancing genetic gain. The DHGS model emerged as the most effective, reducing cycle time from 5 to 4 years and enhancing hybrid gains despite increased costs. In conclusion, our findings strongly advocate for the integration of genomic selection and doubled haploids into sweet corn breeding programs, offering accelerated genetic gains and efficiency improvements.
A novel diterpenic derivative produced by Streptomyces chrestomyceticus ADP4 is a potent inhibitor of biofilm and virulence factors in Candida albicans and C. auris
Authors: Singh Radha , Shukla Jyoti , Ali Mohd , Dubey Ashok K
Published: June 2024

Aim

Isolation, identification, structural and functional characterization of potent anti-Candida compound with specific antagonistic activities against significant human pathogens, Candida albicans and C. auris.

Methods and Results

The compound (55B3) was purified from the metabolites produced by Streptomyces chrestomyceticus ADP4 by employing column chromatography. The structure of 55B3 was determined from the analyses of spectral data that included LCMS, nuclear magnetic resonance, FTIR, and UV spectroscopies. It was identified as a novel derivative of diterpenic aromatic acid, 3-(dictyotin-11′-oate-15′α, 19′β-olide)-4-(dictyotin-11′-oate-15″α, 19″β-olide)-protocatechoic acid. The compound displayed potent antifungal and anti-biofilm activities against C. albicans ATCC 10231 (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC90:14.94 ± 0.17 μgmL−1 and MBIC90: 16.03 ± 1.1 μgmL−1) and against C. auris CBS 12372 (MIC90: 21.75 ± 1.5 μgmL−1 and Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration, MBIC90: 18.38 ± 1.78 μgmL−1). Further, pronounced inhibition of important virulence attributes of Candida spp., e.g. yeast-to-hyphae transition, secretory aspartyl proteinase and phospholipase B by 55B3 was noted at subinhibitory concentrations. A plausible mechanism of anti-Candida action of the compound appeared to be the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, which was inhibited by 64 ± 3% at the MIC90 value. The non-cytotoxic attribute of the compound was noted in the liver cell line (HepG2 cells).

Conclusion

The present work led to the discovery of a novel diterpenic derivative produced by S. chrestomyceticus ADP4. The compound displayed potent anti-Candida activity, particularly against the two most significant human pathogens, C. albicans and C. auris, which underlined its significance as a potential drug candidate for infections involving these pathogens.
Taxonomy of the two nominal species of the deep-sea clawed lobsters Nephropsis serrata Macpherson, 1993 and N. hamadai Watabe & Ikeda, 1994 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Nephropidae)
Authors: Chan Tin-Yam , Wakabayashi Kaori , Chen Chien-Lin , Kato Mikio , Chang Su-Ching
Published: June 2024

The deep-sea clawed lobster Nephropsis hamadai  Watabe & Ikeda, 1994, described from Japan, has been suspected to be a synonym of Nephropsis serrata  Macpherson, 1993, recorded from Australia (type locality) to Taiwan. The availability of recently collected material from Japan referred to N. hamadai allowed detailed morphological and molecular comparisons of topotypic specimens of N. serrata and N. hamadai. Re-examination of the holotype of N. serrata revealed that the major difference proposed for separating N. hamadai from N. serrata was based on an error in the original description of the latter species. As there are very low genetic divergences and no morphological differences between the Australian and Japanese materials referable to N. serrata and N. hamadai, these two names are now confirmed to be synonyms.
Brain-immune interactions: implication for cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease and autoimmune disorders
Authors: Kadam Rashmi , Gupta Muskan , Lazarov Orly , Prabhakar Bellur S
Published: June 2024

Progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction, encompassing deficits in learning, memory, problem solving, spatial reasoning, and verbal expression, are characteristics of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. A wealth of studies has described multiple roles of the immune system in the development or exacerbation of dementia. Individuals with autoimmune disorders can also develop cognitive dysfunction, a phenomenon termed “autoimmune dementia.” Together, these findings underscore the pivotal role of the neuroimmune axis in both Alzheimer's disease and related dementia and autoimmune dementia. The dynamic interplay between adaptive and innate immunity, both in and outside the brain, significantly affects the etiology and progression of these conditions. Multidisciplinary research shows that cognitive dysfunction arises from a bidirectional relationship between the nervous and immune systems, though the specific mechanisms that drive cognitive impairments are not fully understood. Intriguingly, this reciprocal regulation occurs at multiple levels, where neuronal signals can modulate immune responses, and immune system–related processes can influence neuronal viability and function. In this review, we consider the implications of autoimmune responses in various autoimmune disorders and Alzheimer's disease and explore their effects on brain function. We also discuss the diverse cellular and molecular crosstalk between the brain and the immune system, as they may shed light on potential triggers of peripheral inflammation, their effect on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and brain function. Additionally, we assess challenges and possibilities associated with developing immune-based therapies for the treatment of cognitive decline.
Numerical study of motorbike aerodynamic wing kit
Authors: Chien Han , Wang Chin-Cheng
Published: June 2024

This study aims to design the configuration of an aerodynamic wing kit (AWK) on a racing motorbike to achieve the highest downforce-to-drag ratio. The numerical study involves a motorbike traveling in a straight line, where the AWK improves performance and safety by generating downforce to prevent lift. The geometry of the AWK uses a NACA 4412 airfoil with a span of 0.6 m. The computational mesh is generated using SnappyHexMesh and installed on a simplified motorbike to minimize the mesh skewness. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved with OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes k-ω SST and large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models. Case 1 compares a motorbike with and without a dummy, both equipped with the AWK, varying the angle of attack (AoA) from 0 to −41°. Case 2 studies the single wing at different wind speeds (i.e. 20, 60 and 100 m/s) to determine the highest downforce-to-drag ratio at an AoA of −37°. These results serve as the basis for Case 3, which investigates non-parallel wing configurations with a fixed upper wing and a rotating lower wing. In Case 4, where both upper and lower wings rotate simultaneously as parallel wings, the peak downforce-to-drag ratio occurs at an AoA of −41°. Finally, Case 5 modifies the AoA of −41° of the parallel wing of Case 4 to a closed-wing version to comply with Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme safety regulations. With the LES turbulence model, unsteady and complex turbulence structures can be visualized using the Q-criterion. A comparison of the time-averaged lift coefficient between the wingless and closed-wing configurations shows an increase in downforce of approximately 360%. Subsequently, the popularity of AWK will contribute to the safety of racing motorbike driving.
Assessing the Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Utility of Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus PCR Testing in Pediatric Orbital Cellulitis
Authors: Hamilton Shannon , Taylor Michael , Schneider Jack G , Howe Zachary , Sharma Meghna , Boyd LaKeisha , Manaloor John J , Chehab Hiba , Espinel Alexandra , Hamdy Rana F , Wood James B
Published: June 2024

Data are limited on the clinical impact of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) polymerase chain reaction testing for orbital cellulitis. This 2-center, retrospective study demonstrated a negative predictive value of 98.0% and an overall lower use of anti-MRSA antibiotics, without a concomitant increase in hospital readmission.
(115) DISORDERS OF THYROID FUNCTION AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Broul Marek , Jozífková Eva , Kučerová Dr Petra
Published: June 2024

Objectives

We evaluate the relationship between erectile dysfunction and disorders of thyroid function. We confirmed that both dysfunctions are related and require treatment.

Methods

This is a retrospective evaluation of a cohort of patients treated for ED. We selected only men who were found to have any thyroid dysfunction (either hypofunction or hyperfunction) at the beginning of treatment. In total, we identified 51 men in this study. We excluded men who had any other comorbidities. Of the remaining 27 men, 9 had clinical hyperthyroidism and 18 had clinical hypothyroidism. Of the 9 men with hyperthyroidism, five had Graves-Basedow disease and four had toxic nodular goiter. After the patients were examined by an endocrinologist and treatment was initiated, we continued to monitor fT4, TSH and testosterone levels. We assessed the status of erectile function according to the IIEF-5 questionnaire.

Results

We found some form of erectile dysfunction in all men with thyroid dysfunction. All men had IIEF-5 scores less than or equal to 19 before treatment. Two men had an IIEF-5 score of 4, i.e. they suffered from complete erectile dysfunction. The mean IIEF-5 score did not differ between hyper and hypothyroid men (11.56 versus 12.61). We observed an increase in IIEF-5 scores after treatment for thyroid dysfunction, both in men with hypo and hyper thyroid function. Even in 11 men, the IIEF-5 score rose to 21 or more. One year after starting treatment for thyroid dysfunction, we showed no difference between men with hypo and hyper thyroid function.

Conclusions

Erectile dysfunction is very common in men with thyroid dysfunction. Treatment of this primary cause may affect normal erectile function. We recommend screening for thyroid dysfunction in all men with ED. Treatment of ED with iPDE5 agents need not be delayed and can be initiated prior to the initiation of treatment for thyroid dysfunction.

Conflicts of Interest

None.
(396) LOW INTENSITY - EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY (LI-ESWT) IN THE TREATMENT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: INITIAL EXPERIENCE AND FOLLOW UP
Authors: Saitta Dr Giuseppe , Di Paola Dr Giuseppe , Mantovani Dr Franco A , Meazza Dr Attilio L , Seveso Dr Mauro
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Low intensity - Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (Li-ESWT) can be considered a novel promising method for treatment men with erectile dysfunction (ED), in particular after failure of medical therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate feasibility, safety and effectiveness of this kind of therapy through a follow-up period of 12 and 18 months.

Methods

We included 102 patients with ED of vascular origin who failed to respond to oral PDE5-I. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Erection Hardness Score (EHS) questionnaires were used to evaluate erectile function. All patients had an EHS of 2 or less with PDE5-I. The patients underwent to one session of Li-ESWT per week for 6 weeks. During each session 3000 shocks (energy density 0.09 mJ/mm2 and frequency 120/min) were erogated. Patients were considered responders to ESWT whenever they showed improvement in erection parameters (IIEF and EHS) 3 or greater: erection hard enough to permit vaginal penetration. Side effects were recorded.

Results

All patients completed follow up. Mean age was 63.9 years (31-82), mean duration of ED was 22 months (5-40). IIEF score was 11 at baseline, 21 at 12 months follow up, 18 at 18 months; EHS improved in 72 patients at 12 months (70.6%). Younger men (<45 years), short ED duration (<12 months) and moderate ED severity, responded better to the treatment (p<0.05). However, during follow up, a gradual decrease in efficacy was observed. Efficient parameters were mantained by 66 patients (64.7%) at 12 months and by 54 patients (52.9%) at 18 months. No adverse events were reported during or after treatment.

Conclusions

Li-ESWT offers a valid therapeutic option in patients with erectile dysfunction, particularly within 12 months. The beneficial effect seems to diminish in the final assessment. Multicentre controlled studies and longer follow up are needed.

Conflicts of Interest

No.
(382) MALE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS RECOVERED FROM COVID-19: IS IT A PERSISTENT PROBLEM?
Authors: Menafra Dr Davide , de Angelis Cristina , Castoro Dr Michele , Garifalos Dr Francesco , Verde Dr Nunzia , Gentile Prof Ivan , Bocchino Prof Marialuisa , Ruggiero Prof Lucia , Jannini Prof Emmanuele AF , Colao Prof Annamaria , Pivonello Prof Rosario
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The current study aimed at investigating the occurrence of erectile dysfunction (ED) as a potential component of the Long Covid-19 Syndrome, and at addressing the relationship between ED and Covid-19 acute phase severity, and psychological and organic comorbidities.

Methods

Thirty-three men (median age 55 years) were recruited 145±48.6 days after a SARS-CoV-2-negative nasopharyngeal swab. Erectile function was assessed by International Index of Erectile Function 6(IIEF-6) questionnaire, and by basal(bPDU) and dynamic(dPDU) penile duplex ultrasonography, particularly including peak systolic velocity(PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV). Neuro-psychological symptoms were assessed by BDI, STAY, FSS, AES. Moreover, PDU parameters of 13 Covid-19 patients with IIEF-6-confirmed ED were compared to 13 control patients matched for age, IIEF-6 score and comorbidities.

Results

In the Covid-19 group 18/28(64.3%) patients were affected by ED at IIEF-6, 13(46.4%) had mild, 3(10.7%) moderate and 2(7.1%) severe ED. 11/32(34.4%) patients were affected by arteriogenic ED at bPDU and 10/21(47.6%) at dPDU, with 6(28.6%) mild-moderate and 4(19.0%) severe arteriogenic ED. IIEF-6 score was significantly lower in patients experiencing vs not experiencing myalgia during Covid-19 acute phase(22 vs 26; p=0.041). Mean dPSV was significantly lower (24.55±5.25 cm/s vs 32.13±5.40 cm/s; p=0.025) and prevalence of arteriogenic ED significantly higher [4/4(100%) vs 6/17(35.3%); p=0.035] in patients treated vs not treated for diabetes. EDV was negatively correlated with pO2(r=-0.762; p=0.028) and positively correlated with Chung score at chest CT(r=0.554; p=0.049).

Conclusions

The results of the current study demonstrated for the first time a high prevalence of ED, higher than that reported in the general population, in patients recovered from Covid-19, as assessed by IIEF-6 questionnaire and PDU. The current study also highlighted a potential contribution of tissue hypoxia in the Covid-19 acute phase to the veno-occlusive deficit of corpora cavernosa.

Conflicts of Interest

Nothing to declare.
(1015) COUPLE CONFLICT AND LABOR EXPERIENCE: THE SERIAL MEDIATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND PRENATAL ATTACHMENT
Authors: Ghinassi Simon , Ponti Lucia , Tani Franca , Smorti Martina
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The role played by the quality of the couple relationship on the outcomes of birth is well known. In particular, couple conflict is linked to a more challenging childbirth, such as more complicated labor experience. Although this link is evident, less is known about possible mediators of this relationship. Therefore, this study aims to build upon previous evidence by examining the serial mediating role of maternal psychological distress and prenatal attachment on the relationships between couple conflict and labor experience.

Methods

A longitudinal design was carried out on 161 pregnant women (Mage = 31.63±4.88). At weeks 31–32 of gestation, women filled out the Romance Qualities Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State Anxiety Inventory, and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory. The day of childbirth, hospital healthcare staff registered the clinical data of labor (duration of labor, administration of oxytocin and epidural analgesia in hours). To verify the hypothesized model a Structural Equation Modeling was performed. The indirect effects were tested using the bootstrapping method with 5,000 bootstrap samples.

Results

The assessed structural model produced adequate fit to the data [χ2 = 20.084, df = 13, p = 0.093; RMSEA = 0.058 (90% C.I. = 0.010–0.106), CFI = 0.985, SRMR = 0.029] and the variables in the model accounted for 47% of the variance in labor experience. Couple conflict affects the experience of labor only indirectly, both through the serial mediating role of psychological distress and prenatal attachment (β = 0.04; 95% CI: [0.002-0.046]) and through the mediation of psychological distress (β = 0.10; 95% CI: [0.011-0.098]).

Conclusions

Overall, the results showed that couple conflict during pregnancy has negative outcomes, affecting indirectly the labor experience. These findings have important clinical implications for potential couple interventions during pregnancy that may favor a less complicated labor experience.

Conflicts of Interest

No conflicts of interest to declare.