bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the impact of digital economy on innovation output based on dynamic panel data model
Authors: Xu Jianing , Li Weidong
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The digital economy has become a new engine for economic development, promoting the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries as well as fostering emerging industries and forms of business. Nonetheless, how does the digital economy affect innovation? The research objective is to explore the specific impact of the digital economy on innovation output.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper innovatively adopts the dynamic panel data model (DPDM) to carry out an empirical study on the impact of the digital economy on innovation output, through the observation of 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China. Furthermore, the paper innovatively analyzes the impact of different dimensions of the digital economy on innovation output and the impact of the digital economy on different dimensions of innovation output.

Findings

It is found that the digital economy is conducive to boosting innovation output considering innovation continuity. Specifically, the driving impact of core industries and enterprise application of digital economy on innovation output is more prominent, but the driving impact of infrastructure and personal application on innovation output is not fully played. Meanwhile, the driving impact of the digital economy on the innovation output quality is more significant than that digital economy on the innovation output quantity.

Originality/value

This study employs a DPDM for the first time to investigate the specific impact of the digital economy on innovation output, and contributes to the existing literature on the digital economy and digital economy-driven innovation. The findings offer a comprehensive explanation for the impact of the digital economy on innovation output, which has reference value for the formulation of innovation policies driven by digital economy, thereby providing impetus for the sustained and stable development of China's economy.
Investigating the impact of family motivation on promotive voice behavior through the mediating effect of moral engagement
Authors: Nawaz Asif , Soomro Shuaib Ahmed , Batool Samar
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of family motivation (FM) on promotive voice behavior (VBPm) and knowledge hiding (KH). The study uses moral disengagement (MD) role as a mediator to see how FM shapes moral engagement leading to participate in promotive voice and knowledge sharing.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypothesized model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The authors used convenience sampling and collected data in two phases. The authors have a final sample of 257 faculty members for analysis, with an overall response rate of 42.8%.

Findings

Study findings reveal a negative relationship between FM with MD and a positive relationship with VBPm. The relationship between FM and (KHKH results did not show the expected effects. At the same time, mediation of MD between FM and voice behavior and FM and (KHKH show the expected results.

Originality/value

The study finds that family factors have practical consequences for companies in recognizing the value of familial elements in cultivating employee voice and engagement behaviors. Since family is a powerful motivation to work, it provides valuable insights for HRM strategies and organizational studies to encourage employee voice and moral engagement in the workplace. The study is one of the few studies investigating the impact of FM on promotive voice and KH and enhancing the knowledge of mediating role of MD.
Metaverse in hospitality and tourism: a critical reflection
Authors: Wong Lai-Wan , Tan Garry Wei-Han , Ooi Keng-Boon , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to discuss the current context, scope and impacts of a metaverse in the hospitality and tourism industry. Although existing literature discussed the potentials of the metaverse in this context, the ways the metaverse work is still being defined and accessing a complete metaverse is still not yet possible. This existing knowledge will become increasingly sophisticated and complex as developments in the metaverse continue, eventually contributing to a knowledge gap in knowledge, and its implications in shaping how the future digital environment should take form.

Design/methodology/approach

This work is based on a critical reflection of the existing developments and applications of the metaverse. Drawing from authors’ experiences, and synthesis of existing works and narratives, this work discusses the applications of the metaverse, critical factors for considerations and applications of the metaverse and proposes the way forward for potential users.

Findings

The metaverse provides new opportunities for the hospitality and tourism industry but the impact of the technology may not be felt immediately. The real challenge lies in developing a responsible digital environment for users and suppliers. Although the aspects to be considered are many, a lack of preparedness is a great obstacle.

Research limitations/implications

This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of how the metaverse can be applied in the hospitality and tourism sector aiming to provide diverse stakeholders insights into the associated opportunities and pitfalls.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is among the first attempts to critically reflect on the possibilities of the metaverse, and contributes to the discussion on the attributes of the metaverse for tourism and hospitality (e.g. SSIs, decentralization) and includes discussion on special needs users, sustainable usage and climate change, and presents several agendas for further actions.
Emotional labour and contextual performance amongst Ghanaian preschool teachers: the mediating role of emotional exhaustion
Authors: Annor Francis , Ayertey Grace Nuerkie , Agyemang Collins Badu
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Emotions are an important aspect of work performance but are often overlooked, especially amongst preschool teachers whose work environment is laden with emotional job demands. The present study aims to examine the mediating role of emotional exhaustion in the relationship between emotional labour and contextual performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a cross-sectional design, data were obtained from 288 preschool teachers in the Tema Metropolis in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. The study's hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling with maximum likelihood estimation in AMOS 21.0.

Findings

The structural equation modelling analyses revealed that deep acting had a direct positive relationship with contextual performance, whereas the direct relationship between surface acting and contextual performance was not statistically significant. Furthermore, deep acting and surface acting were indirectly related to contextual performance via emotional exhaustion.

Practical implications

The study's findings underscore the need for educational institutions and managers to create a supportive environment for teachers engaging in emotional labour, and to ensure that emotional labour is not overburdening teachers.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature on teachers' engagement in discretionary behaviours by elucidating emotional exhaustion as a linking mechanism between emotional labour and contextual performance in a non-Western context. This is one of the few studies to link emotional labour to contextual performance in the educational context.
How do negative workplace gossip and toxic workplace environment fuel the fire of knowledge hiding? The moderating role of workplace spirituality
Authors: Pertiwi Wike , Murni Setyawati Sri , Anggraeni Ade Irma
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between toxic workplace environments, negative workplace gossip and knowledge hiding, by exploring workplace spirituality as a moderating variable in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study focusses on private university lecturer in West Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents offline and online via Google Forms. Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The findings reveal that a toxic workplace environment and negative workplace gossip are positively related to knowledge hiding. In addition, it was found that workplace spirituality moderates the relationship between a toxic workplace environment and negative workplace gossip with knowledge hiding.

Research limitations/implications

This study extends the research model and research context of knowledge hiding in private universities. This research contributes to the social exchange theory literature by proving empirical support to confirm that there is a social exchange in interpersonal relations between academics.

Practical implications

This study extends the research model and research context of knowledge hiding in private universities, linking it to the conservation of resources theory. This research contributes to the social exchange theory literature by proving empirical support to confirm that there is a social exchange in interpersonal relations between lecturers.

Social implications

Leaders need to instill spirituality in lecturer so that they feel comfortable when working, and it indirectly reduces the effects of negative behavior such as negative gossip and a toxic environment that makes them willing to share knowledge.

Originality/value

To the authors’ understanding, this is the first study to examine workplace spirituality as a variable moderating the relationship between toxic workplace environment and negative workplace gossip with knowledge hiding in the college context.
Financial inclusion: a catalyst for financial system development in emerging and frontier markets
Authors: Ofosu-Mensah Ababio Josephine , Yiadom Eric B. , Sarpong-Kumankoma Emmanuel , Boadi Isaac
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between financial inclusion and financial system development in emerging and frontier markets.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data across 35 countries over 19 years (2004–2022), the improved GMM estimation technique reveals that financial inclusion significantly contributes to the development of financial systems.

Findings

The study uses a segmented approach, dividing financial development indices into subindices: financial depth, financial access and financial efficiency. Indicators of bank financial inclusion show a positive and highly significant relationship with bank depth and access but a negative relationship with bank efficiency. Similarly, indicators of the debt market and stock market financial inclusion demonstrate positive relationships with market depth and access but negative relationships with debt and stock market efficiency. The study further examines composite indexes of financial inclusion for bank, debt and stock market segments, finding strong and highly significant relationships with market development. These results underscore the importance of promoting financial inclusion across all segments of the financial sector to achieve an inclusive financial system.

Practical implications

The implications of this research highlight the need for policymakers and practitioners to implement policies and regulations that enhance financial inclusion and foster the development of robust financial systems. By extending access to mainstream financial instruments and services, financial institutions can stimulate financial intermediation and support, thereby accelerating the development of the banking, debt and stock markets.

Originality/value

The study is robust to the use of several indicators of financial inclusion and financial development, and it forms part of the early studies that examine the close relationship between the two variables.
The impact of customer perceived value on customer satisfaction and loyalty toward the food delivery robot service
Authors: Hong Chanmi , Choi Eun-Kyong (Cindy) , Joung Hyun-Woo , Kim Hak-Seon
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Food delivery robot service (FDRS) is a novel service using autonomous delivery robots that alters human delivery in mobile food ordering. Despite FDRS companies’ skyrocketing service expansions throughout the USA, there has been limited understanding of customer perceived value, customer satisfaction and loyalty which is imperative to promote repeat sales. Therefore, this study aims to examine customer perceived value of FDRS, identify antecedents of customer satisfaction with FDRS and investigate the additional impact of customer satisfaction and loyalty toward FDRS and the restaurant using FDRS.

Design/methodology/approach

As a sample population, this study targeted the US customers over 18 years old and have used FDRS within the past 12 months. With a total of 323 responses, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted for data analysis.

Findings

The findings of this study demonstrate the positive impacts of functional, price and emotional value on customer satisfaction. The current study also shows that customer satisfaction positively influences customer loyalty toward FDRS and the restaurant.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current study is arguably the first to investigate customers’ post-purchase experience with FDRS, which enhances understanding of customer behavior toward the service. Moreover, with a multidimensional consumption value approach from the theory of consumption values, this study provides a single framework to explore the relations between customer perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty in the FDRS context.
Herding behavior by socially responsible investors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lobato Manuel , Rodríguez Javier , Romero-Perez Herminio
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the herding behavior of socially responsible exchange traded funds (SR ETFs) in comparison to conventional ETFs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

To test for herding behavior, the authors use the cross-sectional absolute deviation and a quadratic market model.

Findings

During the pandemic, investments in socially responsible financial products grew rapidly. And investors in the popular SR ETFs herd during this special period, while holders of conventional ETFs did not.

Practical implications

Investors in socially responsible investments must do their own research and make their own financial decisions, rather than follow the crowd, especially during extreme events like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

The evidence shows that, during the pandemic, socially responsible ETFs behaved in line with theoretical predictions of herding, that is, herding is more significant during extreme market conditions.
Building High‐Performing Primary Care Systems: After a Decade of Policy Change, Is Canada “Walking the Talk?”
Authors: AGGARWAL MONICA , HUTCHISON BRIAN , ABDELHALIM REHAM , BAKER G. ROSS
Published: September 2023

Policy Points

Considerable investments have been made to build high‐performing primary care systems in Canada. However, little is known about the extent to which change has occurred over the last decade with implementing programs and policies across all 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions.

There is significant variation in the degree of implementation of structural features of high‐performing primary care systems across Canada. This study provides evidence on the state of primary care reform in Canada and offers insights into the opportunities based on changes that governments elsewhere have made to advance primary care transformation.

Context

Despite significant investments to transform primary care, Canada lags behind its peers in providing timely access to regular doctors or places of care, timely access to care, developing interprofessional teams, and communication across health care settings. This study examines changes over the last decade (2012 to 2021) in policies across 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions that address the structural features of high‐performing primary care systems.

Methods

A multiple comparative case study approach was used to explore changes in primary care delivery across 13 Canadian jurisdictions. Each case consisted of (1) qualitative interviews with academics, provincial health care leaders, and health care professionals and (2) a literature review of policies and innovations. Data for each case were thematically analyzed within and across cases, using 12 structural features of high‐performing primary care systems to describe each case and assess changes over time.

Findings

The most significant changes include adopting electronic medical records, investments in quality improvement training and support, and developing interprofessional teams. Progress was more limited in implementing primary care governance mechanisms, system coordination, patient enrollment, and payment models. The rate of change was slowest for patient engagement, leadership development, performance measurement, research capacity, and systematic evaluation of innovation.

Conclusions

Progress toward building high‐performing primary care systems in Canada has been slow and variable, with limited change in the organization and delivery of primary care. Canada's experience can inform innovation internationally by demonstrating how preexisting policy legacies constrain the possibilities for widespread primary care reform, with progress less pronounced in the attributes that impact physician autonomy. To accelerate primary care transformation in Canada and abroad, a national strategy and performance measurement framework is needed based on meaningful engagement of patients and other stakeholders. This must be accompanied by targeted funding investments and building strong data infrastructure for performance measurement to support rigorous research.
Rethinking trust within emergency collaboration: The significance of negative affects
Authors: Sage Daniel , Jörden Nina , Zebrowski Chris
Published: September 2023

Strong emergency collaboration is commonly assumed to involve a joyful passage to trust and confidence. Organizations are said to collaborate when fear and suspicion are overcome. Thus, negative, or sad, affects—such as anger, fear, disdain, despair, frustration—appear opposed to emergency collaboration. In this hybrid theoretical‐empirical paper we challenge these assumptions by elaborating the affect theories of the philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Baruch Spinoza with ethnographic research on emergency collaboration undertaken before and during the UK emergency response to COVID‐19. Moving beyond considerations of sad affects as either undermining collaboration, or as moderators of excessive trust, we explore how a range of sad affects are both prevalent and potentially beneficial within trustful emergency collaboration. Rather than celebrate such affects, our analysis contributes by drawing attention to the overlooked role of vacillations of affect between joy and sadness within emergency collaboration. In so doing our findings decentre but do not disregard the role of trustful confidence within theories and practitioner prescriptions of emergency collaboration.
Positive additive interaction effects of age, sex, obesity, and metabolic syndrome on left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Zhou Dan , Ye Zhongwen , Nie Zhiqiang , Chen Chaolei , Luo Songyuan , Yan Mengqi , Wang Jiabin , Feng Yingqing
Published: September 2023

Objective

This study aims to explore the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and systolic dysfunction (LVSD), defined by impaired global longitudinal strain (GLS), and assess additive and multiplicative interactions among age, sex, obesity, and MetS regarding LVDD and LVSD.

Methods

We prospectively recruited 5503 participants from the China PEACE (Patient‐Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events) Million Persons Project with complete echocardiography exam. Multivariable logistic models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios to evaluate both additive and multiplicative interactions.

Results

The mean age was 56.59 years; 59.4% were women, 46.7% had MetS, 26.6% had left ventricular hypertrophy, 46.3% had LVDD, and 12.50% had impaired GLS. Compared to the non‐MetS, the odds ratio (OR) of LVDD and impaired GLS in MetS were 1.40 (1.20–1.64) and 1.26 (1.03–1.54), respectively. For LVDD, relative excess risk due to additive interaction (RERI) for women and MetS, elderly and MetS, obesity and MetS were 0.76 (0.02–1.50), 35.65 (17.51–53.79), and 2.14 (0.66–3.62), respectively, thus suggesting additive interactions. For impaired GLS, RERI for obesity and MetS was 3.37 (0.50–6.24), thus suggesting additive interactions.

Conclusions

The MetS is independently associated with LVDD and impaired GLS. From the public health implications, prevention of MetS in women, elderly, and obese individuals might result in a greater reduction of LVDD and LVSD risk in cardiovascular high‐risk population.
Contrast‐enhanced CT‐based radiomic analysis for determining the response to anti‐programmed death‐1 therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients: A pilot study
Authors: Yang Qinzhu , Huang Haofan , Zhang Guizhi , Weng Nuoqing , Ou Zhenkai , Sun Meili , Luo Huixing , Zhou Xuhui , Gao Yi , Wu Xiaobin
Published: September 2023

Background

In view of the fact that radiomics features have been reported as predictors of immunotherapy to various cancers, this study aimed to develop a prediction model to determine the response to anti‐programmed death‐1 (anti‐PD‐1) therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients from contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) radiomics features.

Methods

Radiomic analysis of images was performed retrospectively for image samples before and after anti‐PD‐1 treatment, and efficacy analysis was performed for the results of two different time node evaluations. A total of 68 image samples were included in this study. Quantitative radiomic features were extracted from the images, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method was applied to select radiomic features. After obtaining selected features, three classification models were used to establish a radiomics model to predict the ESCC status and efficacy of therapy. A cross‐validation strategy utilizing three folds was employed to train and test the model. Performance evaluation of the model was done using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic, sensitivity, specificity, and precision metric.

Results

Wavelet and area of gray level change (log‐sigma) were the most significant radiomic features for predicting therapy efficacy. Fifteen radiomic features from the whole tumor and peritumoral regions were selected and comprised of the fusion radiomics score. A radiomics classification was developed with AUC of 0.82 and 0.884 in the before and after‐therapy cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions

The combined model incorporating radiomic features and clinical CECT predictors helps to predict the response to anti‐PD‐1therapy in patients with ESCC.
A reference‐price‐informed experiment to assess consumer demand for beef with a reduced carbon footprint
Authors: Kilders Valerie , Caputo Vincenzina
Published: September 2023

Accurately reflecting expected prices in stated preference designs can be challenging for foods like ribeye steak, which exhibit stark fluctuations in prices across time and space. To address this issue, we introduce a novel price vector design, the reference‐price‐informed (RP‐informed) design, which directly incorporates individual's reference prices into discrete choice experiments. By presenting consumers with posted prices that align with their expected prices, this design reflects real‐world food markets. We test this design in a discrete choice experiment evaluating consumer preferences for “low carbon” beef. Our results project a very small market share of low‐carbon ribeye (3%–5%) with conventional meat taking up most of the market. Our results also show that a reference‐price‐informed design reduces reference price uncertainty and leads to more conservative market share estimates than traditional designs, thus preventing the potential overestimation of product's market potential.
Short‐term fasting of mice elevates circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)
Authors: Feger Martina , Alber Jana , Strotmann Jörg , Grund Andrea , Leifheit‐Nestler Maren , Haffner Dieter , Föller Michael
Published: September 2023

Aims

Phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis are controlled by fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) from bone suppressing renal phosphate transport and enhancing 24‐hydroxylase (Cyp24a1), thereby inactivating 1,25(OH)2D3. Serum FGF23 is correlated with outcomes in several diseases. Fasting stimulates the production of ketone bodies. We hypothesized that fasting can induce FGF23 synthesis through the production of ketone bodies.

Methods

UMR106 cells and isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) were treated with ketone body β‐hydroxybutyrate. Mice were fasted overnight, fed ad libitum, or treated with β‐hydroxybutyrate. Proteins and further blood parameters were determined by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA), western blotting, immunohistochemistry, fluorometric or colorimetric methods, and gene expression by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).

Results

β‐Hydroxybutyrate stimulated FGF23 production in UMR106 cells in a nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B‐cells (NFκB)‐dependent manner, and in NRVMs. Compared to fed animals, fasted mice exhibited higher β‐hydroxybutyrate and FGF23 serum levels (based on assays either detecting C‐terminal or intact, biologically active FGF23 only), cardiac, pancreatic, and thymic Fgf23 and renal Cyp24a1 expression, and lower 1,25(OH)2D3 serum concentration as well as renal Slc34a1 and αKlotho (Kl) expression. In contrast, Fgf23 expression in bone and serum phosphate, calcium, plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration, and renal Cyp27b1 expression were not significantly affected by fasting.

Conclusion

Short‐term fasting increased FGF23 production, as did administration of β‐hydroxybutyrate, effects possibly of clinical relevance in view of the increasing use of FGF23 as a surrogate parameter in clinical monitoring of diseases. The fasting state of patients might therefore affect FGF23 tests.
Place(making) for conservation activism: Materiality, non‐human agency, ethics, and interaction in Indianapolis, IN
Authors: Lockwood Ben , Heiderscheidt Drew
Published: September 2023

In 2016 and 2017, local environmentalists in downtown Indianapolis organised for the conservation of an urban greenspace known as Crown Hill Woods. The woods was sold by Crown Hill Cemetery and its planned removal set off a struggle over the meaning of the woods that revealed elements of placemaking and place attachments. This article uses a case study of a conservation conflict to analyse the language used by conservation activists attempting to prevent the development of Crown Hill Woods. Drawing from public interviews, social media posts, blog posts, letters and essays, this study identifies several themes of placemaking present in the discourse around Crown Hill Woods, including materiality, non‐human agency, ethical considerations, and interactional past/potential. These themes suggest that placemaking, and place attachments, can offer an alternative to ecosystem services as a motivator for conservation.
Treatment outcomes of childhood PICALM::MLLT10 acute leukaemias
Authors: Mark Catherine , Meshinchi Soheil , Joyce Brooklyn , Gibson Brenda , Harrison Christine , Bergmann Anke K. , Goemans Bianca F. , Pronk Cornelis Jan H. , Lapillonne Helene , Leverger Guy , Antoniou Evangelia , Schneider Markus , Attarbaschi Andishe , Dworzak Michael , Stary Jan , Tomizawa Daisuke , Ebert Sabine , Lejman Monika , Kolb E. Anders , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Hasle Henrik , Abla Oussama
Published: September 2023

The prognostic impact of PICALM::MLLT10 status in childhood leukaemia is not well described. Ten International Berlin Frankfurt Münster‐affiliated study groups and the Children's Oncology Group collaborated in this multicentre retrospective study. The presence of the PICALM::MLLT10 fusion gene was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or RNA sequencing at participating sites. Ninety‐eight children met the study criteria. T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) predominated 55 (56%) and 39 (40%) patients, respectively. Most patients received a chemotherapy regimen per their disease phenotype: 58% received an ALL regimen, 40% an AML regimen and 1% a hybrid regimen. Outcomes for children with PICALM::MLLT10 ALL were reasonable: 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) 67% and 5‐year overall survival (OS) 76%, but children with PICALM::MLLT10 AML had poor outcomes: 5‐year EFS 22% and 5‐year OS 26%. Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) did not result in a significant improvement in outcomes for PICALM::MLLT10 AML: 5‐year EFS 20% for those who received HSCT versus 23% for those who did not (p = 0.6) and 5‐year OS 37% versus 36% (p = 0.7). In summary, this study confirms that PICALM::MLLT10 AML is associated with a dismal prognosis and patients cannot be salvaged with HSCT; exploration of novel therapeutic options is warranted.
The identification environment matters: Students' social identification, perceived physical school environment, and anxiety – A cross‐level interaction model
Authors: Finell Eerika , Tolvanen Asko , Shuttleworth Ian , Durrheim Kevin , Vuorenmaa Maaret
Published: September 2023

The social identity approach to health argues that well‐being depends on the psychosocial circumstances of the groups to which individuals belong. However, little is known about how the average level of identification in the group – ‘the identification environment’ – buffers the negative health consequences of stressors. We used multilevel modelling to investigate whether identification environment in a school modified the association between the students' perceptions of the quality of their school's physical environment and their reported levels of anxiety. In two representative samples of Finnish school students (N = 678 schools/71,392 students; N = 704 schools/85,989 students), weak identification environment was related to increased anxiety. In addition, in schools where identification environment was weaker, the student level relationship between perceived physical environment and anxiety was stronger, and students were more anxious. Our results provide evidence that identification environment needs to be considered when we analyse how group membership affects well‐being.
Examining the influence of microclimate conditions on the breakup of surface‐based temperature inversions in two proximal but dissimilar Yukon valleys
Authors: Noad Nick C. , Bonnaventure Philip P.
Published: September 2023

Surface‐based temperature inversions (SBIs) are frequent and strong in valleys of north‐central Yukon, which drive annual average surface lapse rates that are strongly inverted (≤1.19°C 100 m−1) within the first 100 to 150 vertical meters. This study aims to test the relationship of SBI breakup with local microclimate factors determining the influence on surface lapse rate breakup patterns. A field study was conducted using elevational transect analysis. SBI breakup in the non‐winter season had a strong relationship between the diurnal cycle of increased solar radiation, warming of the surface, and development of atmospheric turbulence in the form of increased wind speed. SBIs during these non‐winter seasons had a peak breakup time of 4 to 8 h following sunrise. Wintertime SBIs often persisted past the diurnal cycle and broke up independent of solar radiation, contributing significantly to the inverted average surface lapse rates. Mechanisms of SBI breakup during the winter are likely more synoptic in nature and one possible mechanism could be shallow cold air flows. Current classification of SBI duration as persistent or transient was reviewed and adjusted, and SBIs with a duration of 18 to 22 h were removed due to the breakup of those events being related to the diurnal cycle.
Parallel accelerated computing architecture for dim target tracking on‐board
Authors: Yu Jiyang , Huang Dan , Li Wenjie , Wang Xianjie , Shi Xiaolong
Published: September 2023

The real‐time tracking process of dim targets in space is mainly achieved through the correlation and prediction of dots after the detection and calculation process. The on‐board calculation of the tracking needs to be completed in milliseconds, and it needs to reach the microsecond level at high frame rates. For real‐time tracking of dim targets in space, it is necessary to achieve universal tracking calculation acceleration in response to different space regions and complex backgrounds, which poses high requirements for engineering implementation architecture. This paper designs a Kalman filter calculation based on digital logic parallel acceleration architecture for real‐time solution of dim target tracking on‐board. A unified architecture of Vector Processing Element (VPE) was established for the calculation of Kalman filtering matrix, and an array computing structure based on VPE was designed to decompose the entire filtering process and form a parallel pipelined data stream. The prediction errors under different fixed point bit widths were analyzed and deduced, and the guidance methods for selecting the optimal bit width based on the statistical results were provided. The entire design was engineered based on Xilinx's XC7K325T, resulting in an energy efficiency improvement compared to previous designs. The single iteration calculation time does not exceed 0.7 microseconds, which can meet the current high frame rate target tracking requirements. The effectiveness of this design has been verified through simulation of random trajectory data, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation error.
Dissecting the immune discrepancies in mouse liver allograft tolerance and heart/kidney allograft rejection
Authors: Pan Jun , Ye Fang , Li Hui , Yu Chengxuan , Mao Jiajia , Xiao Yanyu , Chen Haide , Wu Junqing , Li Jiaqi , Fei Lijiang , Wu Yijun , Meng Xiaoming , Guo Guoji , Wang Yingying
Published: September 2023

The liver is the most tolerogenic of transplanted organs. However, the mechanisms underlying liver transplant tolerance are not well understood. The comparison between liver transplantation tolerance and heart/kidney transplantation rejection will deepen our understanding of tolerance and rejection in solid organs. Here, we built a mouse model of liver, heart and kidney allograft and performed single‐cell RNA sequencing of 66,393 cells to describe the cell composition and immune cell interactions at the early stage of tolerance or rejection. We also performed bulk RNA‐seq of mouse liver allografts from Day 7 to Day 60 post‐transplantation to map the dynamic transcriptional variation in spontaneous tolerance. The transcriptome of lymphocytes and myeloid cells were characterized and compared in three types of organ allografts. Cell–cell interaction networks reveal the coordinated function of Kupffer cells, macrophages and their associated metabolic processes, including insulin receptor signalling and oxidative phosphorylation in tolerance induction. Cd11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) in liver allografts were found to inhibit cytotoxic T cells by secreting anti‐inflammatory cytokines such as Il10. In summary, we profiled single‐cell transcriptome analysis of mouse solid organ allografts. We characterized the immune microenvironment of mouse organ allografts in the acute rejection state (heart, kidney) and tolerance state (liver).
Global burden of diabetes mellitus from 1990 to 2019 attributable to dietary factors: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Hong Ting , Sun Fangfang , Wang Qiwei , Chen Xufeng , Han Kun
Published: September 2023

Aims

To analyse spatial and temporal changes in the global burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) attributable to dietary factors from 1990 to 2019.

Materials and Methods

The burden of DM was analysed in terms of age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life‐year (DALY) rates and age‐standardized death rates (ASDRs), which were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, and their corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs).

Results

The ASDR exhibited a decreasing trend (EAPC = −0.02), while the age‐standardized DALY rate exhibited an increasing trend (EAPC = 0.65). Forty‐four percent of the burden of DM was attributable to dietary factors, with the three largest contributors being high intake of red meat, high intake of processed meat, and low intake of fruit. Residence in a region with a high sociodemographic index (SDI) was associated with a diet low in whole grains and high in red meat and processed meat, while residence in a low‐SDI region was associated with a diet low in whole grains and fruits, and high in red meat.

Conclusions

The age‐standardized DALYs of DM attributable to dietary factors increased between 1990 and 2019 but differed among areas. The three largest dietary contributors to the burden of DM were high intake of red meat, high intake of processed meat, and low intake of fruit.
How are parental mental health and parenting practices associated with externalizing behaviors among young children with autism in China? A cross‐sectional study and indirect effect analysis
Authors: Fang Zuyi , Lachman Jamie M. , Qiao Dongping , Barlow Jane
Published: September 2023

Children with autism are more likely to exhibit externalizing behaviors than children without autism. A cross‐sectional study was undertaken to investigate how parental mental health status and parenting practices contributed to the variance in externalizing behaviors among families of young children with autism in Chinese mainland, and whether parenting behaviors had any indirect effects on the relationship between parental mental health symptoms and externalizing behaviors. Data were drawn from the baseline assessment of a quasi‐experimental study of a parent training program delivered to Chinese caregivers of children with autism aged 3 to 6 from diverse backgrounds (N = 111). Results showed that parental mental health symptoms and parenting behaviors explained the variance in child externalizing behaviors. Parental mental health problems and parental over‐reactivity were linked to higher levels of child externalizing behaviors, whereas positive parenting was associated with less frequent externalizing behaviors. Positive parenting partially explained the relationship between parental mental health symptoms and externalizing behaviors. The findings of this study highlight the importance of actively attending to the psychological and parenting needs of caregivers in autism treatment programs. It points to the need for the development of culturally sensitive strategies to promote parental mental health and increase the use of positive parenting skills among parents of children with autism.
Comparing an open educational resource and a traditional textbook: Learner outcomes and engagement
Authors: Panday‐Shukla Priya
Published: September 2023

The US Department of Education posits that higher education students' expenditures on course materials and supplies, including texts for language learning classes, were between $1,265 and $1,471 for the 2017–2018 academic year. For many students, the cost of these materials can jeopardize their studies. One potential solution to this issue is to use free educational materials like open educational resources (OERs). However, not all OERs are of the same quality or useful for language learning. Therefore, to explore the affordances of OERs for language learners, this study compares the traditional textbook and the OER web book in terms of the quality and task engagement (TE) at a university in the US Pacific Northwest. The outcomes shed some light on the possible influences of learners' perceived quality of the OER and its relationship with TE and language learning.
Blue carbon benefits from global saltmarsh restoration
Authors: Mason Victoria G. , Burden Annette , Epstein Graham , Jupe Lucy L. , Wood Kevin A. , Skov Martin W.
Published: September 2023

Coastal saltmarshes are found globally, yet are 25%–50% reduced compared with their historical cover. Restoration is incentivised by the promise that marshes are efficient storers of ‘blue’ carbon, although the claim lacks substantiation across global contexts. We synthesised data from 431 studies to quantify the benefits of saltmarsh restoration to carbon accumulation and greenhouse gas uptake. The results showed global marshes store approximately 1.41–2.44 Pg carbon. Restored marshes had very low greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and rapid carbon accumulation, resulting in a mean net accumulation rate of 64.70 t CO2e ha−1 year−1. Using this estimate and potential restoration rates, we find saltmarsh regeneration could result in 12.93–207.03 Mt CO2e accumulation per year, offsetting the equivalent of up to 0.51% global energy‐related CO2 emissions—a substantial amount, considering marshes represent <1% of Earth's surface. Carbon accumulation rates and GHG fluxes varied contextually with temperature, rainfall and dominant vegetation, with the eastern coasts of the USA and Australia particular hotspots for carbon storage. While the study reveals paucity of data for some variables and continents, suggesting need for further research, the potential for saltmarsh restoration to offset carbon emissions is clear. The ability to facilitate natural carbon accumulation by saltmarshes now rests principally on the action of the management‐policy community and on financial opportunities for supporting restoration.
From the Mental to the Conceptual Model: The Challenge of Teaching Hydrogeology in the Field
Authors: Jimenez‐Martinez Joaquin
Published: September 2023

Field‐based learning in hydrogeology enables students to develop their understanding and application of practical methodologies, and to enhance many of the generic skills (e.g., teamwork, problem‐solving). However, teaching and learning hydrogeology in general, and especially in the field, presents cognitive difficulties, such as the diversity in student education and experience, the hidden nature of water movement and transport of chemicals, and the preexisting students' mental models of the subsurface, in particular. At any given experimental or teaching site there is only one reality for which lecturers can have an approximate conceptual model, including aquifer(s) geometry and functioning (e.g., flow direction). However, students' preconceptions (i.e., mental model), in some cases misconceptions, influence not only their outcome from the learning strategy designed, but also the conceptual model expression (i.e., flow chart, block diagram, or similar) for the study area or site. In practice, two general “teaching challenges” are identified to enable students' transition from the mental to the conceptual model: (1) identify and dispel any prior misconceptions and (2) show how to go from the partial information to the integration of new information for the development of the conceptual model. The inclusion of specific prior‐to‐field lessons in the classroom is recommended and in general, done. However, introducing a prior‐to‐field survey to learn about students' backgrounds, and methodologies for the development and expression of hydrogeological conceptual models and for testing multiple plausible conceptual models will help students transition from the mental to the conceptual model.
Material of choice for non‐invasive treatment of dentin caries: An in vitro study using natural carious lesions
Authors: Kongsomjit Maneekarn , Punyanirun Kulnipa , Tasachan Wacharaporn , Hamba Hidenori , Tagami Junji , Trairatvorakul Chutima , Thanyasrisung Panida
Published: September 2023

Introduction

In community settings with limited dental personnel and equipment, and in an era when the aerosol transmission of infectious agents is on the rise, a non‐invasive approach to caries management is critical. To provide information on non‐invasive material selection, the aim of this study was to compare the remineralization effect of commonly used fluoride‐containing materials, adjunctive to the everyday use of fluoride toothpaste (F‐toothpaste), on primary tooth natural dentin caries.

Methods

Fifty‐five specimens were randomly divided into five groups: 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), 5% fluoride varnish (F‐varnish), glass‐ionomer cement (GIC), deionized water (DW) with F‐toothpaste slurry, and DW as a control group (n = 11). The lesion depth and mineral density were measured before and after bacterial pH‐cycling using micro‐computed tomography. The percentage of mineral density change (%MDchange) was quantified. The dependent t‐test, Wilcoxon‐Signed‐Rank Test, and one way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction were used to analyse the data.

Results

SDF application reduced lesion depth from 844.6 to 759.1 μm (p < 0.045) while increasing mineral density from 551.4 to 763.0 mgHA/cm3 (p < 0.003). Only mineral density rose from 600.2 to 678.4 mgHA/cm3 (p < 0.013) when GIC was used. The other groups showed no difference. The highest %MDchange was also found after SDF treatment (49.7%, p < 0.05), whereas GIC (17.2%, p < 0.05) presented a higher percentage than the F‐varnish (2.0%), F‐toothpaste (−1.1%) and no‐treatment groups (−1.4%).

Conclusion

In this in vitro study, where the pH of cycling was almost neutral, using SDF as an adjunct to F‐toothpaste resulted in the highest remineralization compared with other remineralizing materials.
Proteomics analysis reveals the inactivation mechanisms of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores by atmospheric cold plasma
Authors: Wang Lang‐Hong , Yan Bing , Wen Qing‐Hui , Wei Gui‐Feng , Huang Yanyan , Zeng Xin‐An , Ali Murtaza , Aadil Rana Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a typical endospore‐forming microorganism, whose spores are able to germinate in Not From Concentrate juice causing its spoilage. In this work, dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma (DBD‐ACP) at the voltage of 30 kV was used to inactivate Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores in NFC juice (2–8 min). The results showed spores reduced nearly 3‐log CFU mL−1 after 8 min treatment, and the morphology of spores were severely disrupted, causing the release of their contents. Furthermore, proteomic analysis showed totals of 122 and 170 different expression proteins were detected in group C (control)/Ct1 (30 kV, 4 min) and C/Ct2 (30 kV, 8 min), respectively, indicating that metabolic activities of spores including amino acid and energy metabolic, protein biosynthesis, DNA replication and spore germination are inhibited. This study confirms the inactivation of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores by DBD‐ACP and provides some new perspectives on the inactivation mechanisms of spores by DBD‐ACP.