bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of serum total protein concentration on early-life health and growth of dairy calves
Authors: Cortese Victor S. , Kirkpatrick Mark A. , Short Thomas H. , Voortman Brian
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effect of serum total protein (STP) concentration on the early-life health and growth of dairy calves.

ANIMALS

39,619 neonatal Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred calves from 15 dairy operations.

PROCEDURES

Calves arrived at a single calf-raising facility at approximately 2 days old. Each calf was weighed at facility arrival, and a blood sample was obtained the next day for determination of STP concentration by refractometry. All calves were managed in a standard manner, and health events were recorded for 120 days. A subset of 3,214 calves was weighed at 120 days old, and the average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of STP concentration on specific health events.

RESULTS

STP concentration was associated with the incidences of death, diarrhea, pneumonia, and whether a calf received IV fluid therapy. In general, the incidence of adverse health events decreased as STP concentration increased to 6.0 g/dL, plateaued at STP concentrations between 6.0 and 8.5 g/dL, and increased at STP concentrations > 8.5 g/dL. Although STP concentration was not associated with ADG, the ADG for Holsteins increased as STP concentration increased to 8.5 g/dL and then decreased at STP concentrations > 8.5 g/dL.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that, for neonatal dairy calves, an STP concentration between 6.0 and 8.5 g/dL was optimal for health and growth, and calves with an STP concentration < 5.0 or > 8.5 g/dL should be considered at high risk for adverse health events.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata) DAN TERIGU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BAKSO ANALOG
Authors: . Utafiyani , Ari Yusasrini Ni Luh , Ekawati I Gusti Ayu
Published: June 2020

This aims of this research was to know the effect of comparison between green bean flour and wheat flour on characteristic of analogue meatball and to know the right comparison of green bean flour and wheat flour to produce analogue meatball with the best characteristics. The design used in this research was completely randomized design (CRD) with the comparison between green bean flour and wheat flour i.e. (70 g :30 g), (60 g :40 g), (50 g :50 g), (40 g :60 g), and (30 g :70 g). Data were analysed by analysis of variance, followed by Duncan test. The result of this research showed that the comparison between green bean flours and wheat flour had no real effect on water content and aroma of analogue meatball, but significant effects were found on ash content, protein content, fat content, crude fiber content, texture, sensory characteristic such as color, flavour, texture, and overall acceptance of analogue meatball. The best characteristic of analogue meatball was comparison between green bean flour and wheat flour 30 g : 70 g i.e. 59.00 percent of water content, 1.34 percent of ash content, 6.88 percent of protein content, 1.77 percent of fat content, 1.77 percent of crude fiber content, level of elasticity 6.38 N, color (liked), aroma (neutral), texture (liked) with chewy characteristics, with the taste is rather not typical of green beans and liked, and overall acceptance (liked).
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI GULA DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SARI KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus radiatus L.) PROBIOTIK DENGAN PENAMBAHAN Lactobacillus rhamnosus SKG 34
Authors: Sembiring Yemima Dwi Gita , Nocianitri Komang Ayu , Duniaji Agus Selamet
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to determine the effect of sugar contentration and fermentation time to the charateristics of mung bean probiotic drink with the addition of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SKG 34. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors was used in this research. First factor was the sugar concentration which consists of three levels 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%. Second factor was the fermentation time which consists of five levels 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours and 16 hours. The parameters observed in this research were sugar level, total lactic acid, pH, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and sensory acceptances such as colour, flavor, taste and overall acceptance. The result of this research showed that the sugar concentration had significant effect to the total sugar but had no significant effect to the total lactic acid and pH. The fermentation time had significant effect to the pH, total lactic acid and total sugar. The interaction of sugar concentration and fermentation time had no significant effect to the characteristic of pH, total lactic acid, total sugar, color, flavor, taste and overall acceptance. Mung bean probiotic drink with the best characteristic was obtained at 5% of sugar concentration and 8 hours fermentation time with criteria sugar concentration levels at 8.06 %, total lactic acid 0.27 %, pH at 5.29, and 1.6 x 108 CFU/ml total LAB with sensory results state that the colour was slightly liked, the flavor was slightly liked, the taste was preferred and slightly sweet, and overall acceptance was preferred.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PUREE KULIT BUAH APEL (Malus sylvestris Mill) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FRUIT LEATHER NANAS (Ananas comosus Merr)
Authors: Zahrah Dhia Salsabila , Ina Putu Timur , Jambe A.A.G.N. Anom
Published: June 2020

This research aims to identify the effect of apple peels puree consentrations on the characteristics of pineapple fruit leather and to identify the right consentration of apple peels puree to produce pineapple fruit leather with the best characteristics. This research used randomized block design with one treatment factor of the addition of apple peels with the consentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 18 experimental units. The data were then analyzed with Analysis of Variance method and if the treatment had an effect on the variable, the Duncan test were performed. The results showed that apple peels had significant effect to crude fiber content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, color, texture and overall acceptance of pineapple fruit leather. The addition of 30% apple peels puree consentration resulted in the best characteristic under the following criteria: 10.73% water content, 8.33% crude fiber content, 2.55% antioxidant activity with the IC50 value, 3.03 mg AAE/g vitamin C, brown to yellow and indifferent color, texture flexible and rather liked, flavor and taste rather liked, and overall acceptance liked.
KARAKTERISTIK BISKUIT DENGAN PEMANFAATAN UMBI DAN PASTA DAUN SINGKONG (Manihot esculenta Cranz)
Authors: Paramitha Ni Kadek Diah Ayu , Ina Putu Timur , Pratiwi I Desak Putu Kartika
Published: June 2020

The purposes of this research were to know the effect comparation of cassava flour and cassava leaves paste on the characteristics of biscuit and to know the right comparation from cassava flour and cassava leaves paste to produce biscuit the best characteristics. The experimental design was used randomized block design with the treatment comparation of cassava flour and cassava leaves paste that 95% : 5%, 92% : 8%, 89% : 11%, 86% : 14%, 83% : 17%; and 80% : 20%. The treatment was repeated as many as 3 times so that 18 experimental units were obtained. The data was analyzed with ANOVA and if the influential on variable observed continued with the Duncan test. The results showed that the comparation of cassava flour and cassava leaves paste significantly affected to water content, ash content, crude fiber content, chlorofil total, beta karoten total, and hedonic test (colour, aroma, texture, taste, and overall acceptance) and scoring test (texture). Comparation from cassava flour and cassava leaves paste (92% : 8%) is the best characteristics with water content is 2,77%, ash content was 2,58%, crude fiber content is 15,39%, chlorofil total is 22,93%, beta karoten total is 434,96% , color liked, flavor of cassava leaves liked, texture very crispy and liked, taste liked, and overall acceptance liked.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TERIGU DAN BEKATUL BERAS MERAH TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MIE KERING
Authors: Budihartini Ni Komang Sri , Permana I Dewa Gede Mayun , Ina Putu Timur
Published: June 2020

The purpose of study were to find the optimum ratio of wheat flour with red rice bran to produce the best characteristics of dry noodle. The Completely Randomized Design was used in the research with treatment that is the ratio of flour with red rice bran which consist of 6 levels: 100%:0%; 95%:5%; 90%:10%; 85%:15%; 80%:20%; 75%:25%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had an effect on the observed variable then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. The ratio of flour to red rice bran significantly influenced moisture, ash , fat, protein, carbohydrate, curde fiber content, inhibitor concentration (IC50), water absorption, color (scoring test), flavor (hedonic test), texture (hedonic test and scoring), taste (hedonic test) as well as overall acceptance (hedonic test) dry noodle.The ratio of wheat flour and red rice bran flour  (80%:20%) produces dry noodle with the best characteristics namely: 10.67% moisture content, ash content  2.91%, 1.09% fat content, 13.52% protein content, 71.80 % carbohydrate content, 4.15% crude fiber content, IC50 149.35 mg/ml, water absorption 223.23%, dark red color and rather liked color, rather liked flavor, elastic and rather liked texture, rather liked taste and rather liked overall acceptability.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TALAS KIMPUL (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) DENGAN JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SATE LILIT KELADI
Authors: Putri Putu Lisa Adinda , Yusa Ni Made , Suter I Ketut
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of xanthosoma and white oyster mushroom on the characteristics  of sate lilit keladi, and to know the right ratio of xanthosoma and white oyster mushroom on the characteristics of sate lilit keladi. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with the treatment ratio of xanthosoma and oyster mushroom, which consists of 6 levels such as: 100% : 0%, 90% : 10%, 80% : 20%, 70% : 30%, 60% : 40%, 50% : 50%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtained 18 units of the experiment. The data were analysed by analysis of variance and if the treatment had an effect on the variable then continued with Duncan test. The result showed xanthosoma and white oyster mushroom ratio had a significant effect on water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate  content, coarse fiber content, hardness, color (hedonic), aroma (hedonic), texture (hedonic and  scoring),  taste  (hedonic  and  scoring)  and  overall  acceptance   (hedonic).   Comparison   of  50% xanthosoma  and 50% white oyster mushroom  had the best characteristics,  with 52,86 % water content, 3,31 % ash content, 6,52% protein content, 24,57%  fat content, 12,74%  carbohydrate  content, 35,88% coarse  fiber content,  0,11 kg/5mm  hardness,  color liked, aroma liked, texture  mushy  and rather liked, typical taste rather keladi and liked and overall acceptance liked.
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEPUNG HANJELI (Coix lacryma-Jobi, L.) DENGAN BUAH SALAK KERING (Salacca edulis Reinw.) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SNACK BAR
Authors: Saraswati Ni Putu Putri Dewanty , Ekawati I Gusti Ayu , Putra I Nengah Kencana
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of hanjeli flour and dried snake fruit to the characteristics of snack bar produced and the right ratio of hanjeli flour and dried snake fruit that is able to produce snack bar with the best characteristics. The Completely Randomized Design was used in the research with treatment that is the ratio of hanjeli flour and dried snake fruit which consist of 5 levels: 90%:10%; 80%:20%; 70%:30%; 60%:40%; 50%:50%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had an effect on the observed variable then continued with Duncan test. The result showed that hanjeli flour and dried snake fruit had a significant effect on water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, coarse fiber content, hardness, color (hedonic), aroma (hedonic), texture (hedonic and scoring), taste (hedonic) and overall acceptance (hedonic). Comparison of 50% hanjeli flour : 50% dried snake fruit produces snack bar with the best characteristics, namely: water content 18.43%, ash content 1,82%, fat content 16.63%, protein content 7.84%, carbohydrate content 55.29%, crude fiber content 3,14%, calori total 402,10 kcal, color liked, aroma very liked, texture little crumbly and liked, taste liked and overall acceptance liked.
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG UBI JALAR UNGU TERMODIFIKASI (Ipomoea batatas var Ayamurasaki ) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK WAFFLE
Authors: Anggarawati Ni Kadek Ayu , Ekawati I Gusti Ayu , Wiadnyani Anak Agung Istri Sri
Published: June 2020

The study aims to determine the effect substitution of modified purple sweet potato flour on the characteristics of waffle and to know the best substitution of modified purple sweet potato flour with pregelatinization. The study design used was randomized group design with the treatment substitution of modified purple sweet potato flour and wheat flour, which consists of 6 levels such as: 0% : 100%, 20% : 80%, 40% : 60%, 60% : 40%, 80% : 20%, 100% : 0%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtained 18 units of the experiment. The data were analysed by analysis variance and if the treatment had an effect on the variable then continued with Duncan test. The result showed substitution of modified purple sweet potato flour and wheat flour had a significant effect on the content of ash, crude fiber, antioksidan capacity, texture, criteria hedonic and skor of colour, texture  and taste. Substitution of modified purple sweet potato flour 100% had the best characteristics, with 41,84% water content, 1,94% ash content, 7,17% coarse fiber content, 81,65 (mg GAEAC/kg) antioksidan capacity, 1,64 N texture, criteria skor colour dark brown, texture soft, taste of purple sweet potato very strong  and criteria hedonic colour, aroma, texture, taste and overall acceptance were like.
PENGARUH LAMA PEREBUSAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK LOLOH DON PIDUH (Centella asiatica L.)
Authors: Putra I Gusti Ngurah Arry , Yusasrini Ni Luh Ari , Widarta I Wayan Rai
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of boiling time to the characteristics of loloh don piduh (Centella asiatica L.) and the appropriate boiling time to produce loloh don piduh with the best characteristics. The experimental design used was a complete randomized design with 6 treatment levels: T1 (25 minutes), T2 (40 minutes), T3 (55 minutes), T4 (70 minutes), T5 (85 minutes) and T6 (100 minutes). The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 units of experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had an effect on the observed variable then continued with Duncan test. The boiling time had a very significant effect on antioxidant activity, vitamin C levels, and the level of panelist preferences for taste and overall acceptance of loloh don piduh. Boiling time had a significant effect on total soluble solids (TSS) of loloh don piduh. Boiling time had no significantly affect on panelist preferences for the color and flavor of loloh don piduh. 25 minutes boiling time had produced loloh don piduh with the best characteristics of: antioxidant activity 90,82%, vitamin C levels  0,11%, total soluble solids (TSS) of 2o brix, panelist preferences for color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptance was preferred.
KANDUNGAN SENYAWA FLAVONOID DAN ANTOSIANIN EKSTRAK KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) SERTA AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Nomer Ni Made Gress Rakasari , Duniaji Agus Selamet , Nocianitri Komang Ayu
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research to determine the concentration of flavonoid and anthocyanin compounds in sappan wood extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.), as well as to determine the concentration of inhibitory power against the growth of Vibrio cholerae. This experimental design study uses 5 kind of concentration, which are 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. The analysis were repeated 3 times and resulting in 15 experimental units. The data were presented in descriptive statistic with tables, drawings and discussed. The results showed that the extract of sappan wood contained flavonoid compounds of 6,02%, anthocyanin compounds of 2,43% and was able to inhibit the growth of Vibrio cholerae with optimal concentration at a concentration of 80% with an average 20,1 mm and very strong inhibition categories.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ISOLAT PROTEIN KEDELAI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KAMABOKO IKAN BARRAMUNDI (Lates calcalifer)
Authors: Ilma Praniti Radya Andana , Nocianitri Komang Ayu , Hapsari Ni Made Indri
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to know the effect of adding soy protein isolate (ISP) to the characteristics of kamaboko barramundi fish (Lates calcalifer) and to know the right addition of ISP that can produce kamaboko with the best characteristics. The study used a completely randomized design with the addition treatment of ISP that consists of 5 levels: 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. The data was analyzed by variance and if it influential to the variable then continued with the Duncan test. The results showed that the addition of ISP on the producing of kamaboko had a highly significant effect to texture (gel strength), moisture content, protein content, ash content, hedonic test (color, texture, taste, overall acceptance) and scoring test (folding test and bite test). The addition of 12% ISP produced kamaboko with the best characteristics with gel strength 1404.76 gf/cm2, water content 74.42%, protein content 15.40%, fat content 3.64%, ash content 3.55%, color, texture, taste, and overall acceptances were liked, aroma rather liked, appearance of meat without fiber and without foreign things, folding test does not crack if folded 4 times, and bite test rather strong specific product elasticity.

Keywords : soy protein isolate, barramundi fish, kamaboko, characteristics
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP (HFS-55) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK RED WINE KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
Authors: Pratiwi Anastasia Laksmi , Duniaji Agus Selamet , Widarta I Wayan Rai
Published: June 2020

This research was aimed to determine the effect of adding high fructose syrup (HFS-55) to red wine made from roselle flower petals that can produce roselle red wine with the best characteristics. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with a treatment of adding HFS-55 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. This treatment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 15 experimental units. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the adding of HFS-55 on roselle red wine has a significant effect on ethanol content, pH, total soluble solid, total reducing sugar, aroma, taste and overall acceptance with the best treatment was obtained from the addition of 25% HFS-55 with roselle red wine characteristics containing 10.65% ethanol content, pH 3.6, total soluble solids 10.10% Brix, total reducing sugar 10.37%, total phenolic 3.08 mg/ml and total methanol was not found, and with the panelist preference for color usual, aroma rather like, taste rather like and overall acceptance rather like.

Keyword: roselle, HFS-55, red wine
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN JAGUNG MANIS DAN EDAMAME TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SUSU JAGUNG MANIS EDAMAME
Authors: Larosta Jeany Tio , Permana I Dewa Gde Mayun , Sugitha I Made
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine effect of ratio sweet corn and edamame to characteristic of sweet corn edamame milk, also to know the best ratio from sweet corn and edamame to produce the best characteristic of sweet corn edamame milk. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with different ratio of sweet corn and edamame which consist by 5 level : 300:0, 250:50, 200:100, 150:150, and 100:200. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 experimental units. The result of the research show that ratio of sweet corn and edamame had very significant effect on total solid, fat content, protein content, calcium content, viscosity, scoring test, and had no significant effect  panelist preference for color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptance. Ratio 150:150 (P3) is the best treatment that produced sweet corn edamame milk with total solid 12.36%, fat content 6.34%, protein content 3.70%, calcium content 243.19 mg/L, and viscosity 613.33 cps. The result for sensory test color is yellowish green (liked), flavor is typical edamame (rather liked), taste is typical edamame (rather liked), and overall acceptance is rather liked.

Keywords : sweet corn, edamame, corn milk
STUDI VIABILITAS Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0027 PADA SARI BUAH APEL (Malus sylvestris Mill) DENGAN VARIETAS YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Ardhian Kahfi , Kartika I Desak Putu , Duniaji Agus Selamet
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to know the viability of Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0027 in apple juice with different varieties. This research is an experimental research. Viability data of L.plantarum FNCC-0027 on apple juice of Manalagi variety, Anna, and Romebeauty was described. Data from the analysis before and after fermentation by L.plantarum FNCC-0027 on each apple juice tested using paired T Test at a = 5%. The total of LAB from the three apple varieties decreased from 105 CFU/ml to 104 CFU/ml with a decrease by 1 log CFU/ml. The addition of L.plantarum FNCC-0027 gave a significant effect in total of sugar, total of acidity, and pH of three apple varieties. Anna's apple juice has the lowest decrease of total LAB after 48 hours fermentation with the final result is 0,63 x 104 CFU/ml, total of sugar 0,95%, total of acidity 0,44%, and pH 3,55%.

Keywords : Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0027, variety of apple juice, LAB viability
Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Ekstraksi dengan cara Maserasi terhadap Karakteristik Pewarna dari Ekstrak Alga Merah (Gracilaria sp.)
Authors: Purba Novia Esterulina , Suhendra Lutfi , Wartini Ni Made
Published: June 2020

Red algae (Rhodophyta) contains vitamins, minerals, fiber, sodium, potassium and bioactive compounds in the form of secondary metabolites and the most important nutrients are pigments.This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and length of extraction by maceration on the characteristics of dyes from red algae extract (Gracilaria sp.) spand determine the best temperature and maceration time to produce the color extract of Gracilaria sp. This study used Factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor is temperature which consists of 3 levels namely 30±1°C, 40±1°C, 50±1°C. The second factor is maceration length which consists of 3 levels, namely 24 hours, 30 hours and 36 hours. Each treatment was grouped into 2 based on the time of implementation so that 18 units of experiment were obtained. The variables observed were yield, phycoeritrin, color intensity and effectiveness test. The data obtained were then analyzed by variance analysis and test Tukey’s. The results showed that the treatment of temperature, maceration time and interactions between treatments had a very significant effect on yield, phycoerythrin, brightness (L*), redness level (a*) and yellowness level (b*). The temperature of 30±1°C and the maceration time of 30 hours is the best treatment to produce dyes from red algae extract (Gracilaria sp.) with the characteristics of yield 0.496 ± 0.001%, phycoerythrin 0.430 ± 0.006 mg/g, lightness (L*) 20.470 ± 0.141, redness level (a*) 21.790 ± 0.198 and yellowish level (b*) 12.205 ± 0.035.

Keywords: temperature, length of maceration, color, phycoeritrin, Gracilaria sp.
Karakteristrik Enkapsulat Ekstrak Pewarna Fungsional Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) pada Perlakuan Perbandingan Kasein-Maltodekstrin
Authors: Ariyanti Lestari Putu Dwi , Wrasiati Luh Putu , Suwariani Ni Putu
Published: June 2020

Rosella contains high levels of anthocyanin and can be used as a source of functional dyes. The making of functional dyes is carried out through the process of extraction and encapsulation. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of casein-maltodextrin encapsulation ratio on the encapsulation characteristics of rosella flower functional dye extract and determine the best encapsulation ratio of casein-maltodextrin in producing rosella functional dye extract encapsulates. Experiments in this study used a single factor randomized block design. These factors are the casein and maltodextrin ratio which consists of (maltodextrin), (1: 0.5), (1: 1), (1: 1.25), (1: 1.5), (1: 1.75), (1: 2.0), (1: 2.5) and (casein). The results showed that casein and maltodextrin comparison factors had a significant effect of yield, (P <0.01) on yield, total anthocyanin, surface anthocyanin level, encapsulation efficiency, solubility, brightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowish level (b*) but did not have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on water content. The comparison treatment between casein and maltodextrin 1: 0.5 is a treatment to produce encapsulate products of roselle flower functional dye extract with a yield of 42.86 percent, water content of 5.04 percent, surface anthocyanin total of 9.43 mg/g, surface anthocyanin level 1.66 mg/g, encapsulation efficiency 82.37 percent, solubility 45.84 percent, brightness level (L*) 60.86, redness level (a*) 25.64, yellowish level (b*) 29.61.

Keywords: rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), extraction, casein, maltodextrin, encapsulation.
Pengukuran Kinerja Departemen Fresh Food Tiara Dewata Supermarket Denpasar dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Lianingsih Tejawati , Satriawan I Ketut , Yoga I.W.G. Sedana
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted at the Department of Fresh Food Tiara Dewata Supermarket, Denpasar. The purpose of this study was to measure the performance of the Fresh Food Department at Tiara Dewata Supermarket with the Balanced Scorecard method and determine the actions that companies need to take to improve performance. This research was conducted by observation to the location, interviews with management and the distribution of questionnaires to respondents. The results showed that the total performance score on each perspective was a financial of 38.53%; a customer perspective of 33.05%; an internal business process perspective of 9.44%; and a learning and growth perspective of 23.10%. Based on the criteria of the total score of performance appraisal shows that Tiara Dewata Supermarket is in a "Very Healthy category (AAA)" condition with a total overall performance score of 104.12%. The action that needs to be taken by Tiara Dewata Supermarket is to maintain performance on the perspective that the value has reached the target, namely sales growth and employee training level. Companies also need to improve and improve performance on the level of customer satisfaction, the level of customer perception of fresh food products, lead time processes, defective products, employee retention rates, attendance levels and employee satisfaction levels at a perspective that has not yet reached company targets.

Keywords: performance measurement, balanced scorecard, tiara dewata supermarket
Pengaruh Penambahan Lemak Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dan Suhu Pemanasan terhadap Karakteristik Krim Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domesticate Val.)
Authors: Cahyani Nabila Ayu U. , Mulyani Sri , Suwariani Ni Putu
Published: June 2020

Cream is a solid preparation in the form of an emulsion containing no less than 60% water. This study aims to determine the effect of cocoa butter substitution and process temperature on the characteristics of turmeric extract cream and determine the substitution of cocoa fat and process temperature to produce the best turmeric extract cream characteristics. This research uses factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the addition of cocoa butter which consists of 5 levels which is equal to 0g; 2.5g; 5g; 7.5g and 10g, and the second factor is the application of heating temperature which consists of two levels, 65oC and 70oC to produce 10 treatment combinations and grouped into two groups so that 20 experimental units are obtained. The parameters observed were homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersion, adhesion, separation ratio, total phenolic compounds, overall acceptance of the cream. the best treatment is determined by the effectiveness index. The results of the study stated that the treatment of cocoa butter substitution affected the pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, separation ratio, total phenolic and acceptance test of cream preference and heating temperature had an effect on total phenolic cream. Process temperature has a significant effect on total phenolic cream. The treatment of cocoa butter and heating temperature have a very significant effect on the acceptance of the cream. The treatment of substitution of cocoa fat as much as 0% at a temperature of 70oC heating process produces the best treatment with the following characteristics: 7800 cp viscosity, 6.3 cm diameter dispersion, separation ratio = 1, pH 6.40 and total phenolic 6.95 mg GAE / g.

Keywords: cocoa butter, heating temperature, cream, turmeric
Immediate adverse reactions to intravenous immunoglobulin in primary immune deficiencies: a single center experience
Authors: Nain Ercan , Kıykım Ayça , Kasap Nurhan Aruci , Barış Safa , Özen Ahmet , Aydıner Elif Karakoç
Published: June 2020

Background and Objective. Adverse reactions related to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusions vary from 1 to 81%, with an average of 20%. They may be classified as immediate; occurring during the infusion itself or delayed; occurring after the infusion has been ceased. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of immediate adverse reactions due to IVIG infusions in primary immune deficiency (PID) patients.
Methods. The study population was composed of 109 patients. A total of 763 infusions were recorded for demographic data and adverse reactions.
Results. The participants included 32 girls (29%) and 77 boys (71%). The mean age was 11.8 ± 5.7 years (0.6- 33.5 years). Early adverse events (AE) were recorded in 34 (4.5%) among 763 IVIG infusions including 30 mild (88.2%), 3 moderate (8.8%) and 1 severe (2.9%). The most common immediate adverse reactions were fever (29.4%) and headache (29.4%). The risk of AE was higher among primary antibody deficiency (PAD), compared to combined immunodeficiency (OR 2.61, 95%CI 1.061-6.475; p = 0.037).
Conclusions. Use of various intravenous immunoglobulin treatments should be considered with regard to side effect profiles observed. In our cohort, PID patient experienced mostly mild AE; PAD was associated with an increased risk of AE.
Effect of gestational diabetes on the vitamin D levels in the neonates: a case control study
Authors: Vijay Arathy , Sinha Smriti , Sindgikar Seema Pavaman , Shenoy Vijaya D
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of maternal gestational diabetes on the Vitamin D levels of the mother and their newborns and to compare it with healthy mother-infant pairs.
Methods. The study design was a Case Control study. It was conducted at the antenatal unit of Obstetrics and Neonatal unit of Pediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital in costal Karnataka. Consecutive sample of otherwise healthy pregnant women presenting with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and their healthy term neonates were taken as study group. The weight matched healthy mothers and their healthy term neonates were taken as controls. The blood samples of the mothers, at term and the cord blood samples of the neonates were collected for estimating the Vitamin D levels. Vitamin D levels in the cases and controls were the primary outcome measures.
Results. The mean value of Vitamin D levels in the GDM mothers was 10.74 ng/ml and in the mothers forming the control group was 23.53ng/ml (p value < 0.001). The mean value of Vitamin D levels in GDM babies was 8.47ng/ml and was 19.51ng/ml in the control (p value < 0.001).
Conclusion. Comparison of Vitamin D levels of mothers and infants of both groups showed a positive correlation. GDM seems to exacerbate the Vitamin D deficiency in the mothers and their neonates.
Recent Developments in United Nations Policy on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugee Return
Authors: Thiele Bret
Published: June 2020

This article reviews recent developments at the United Nations on housing and property restitution for the return of refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS). In August 1998 the UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights took an innovative step towards facilitating the voluntary return of refugees and IDPS with the adoption of un Security Council Resolution 1998/26. A descriptive analysis of that resolution and the subsequent developments at the United Nations are presented. Further, the article advocates and solicits support for continued United Nations developments in this regard.
Security and Dignity: Land Access and Guatemala’s Returned Refugees1
Authors: Worby Paula
Published: June 2020

This article addresses land recovery and access to new land for returning Guatemalan refugees as a way of exploring the nuances and complexities of a repatriation operation often judged a best-case scenario. It argues that the returnees who fared best in obtaining land did so because of their visible organization and ties to international organizations that intervened on their behalf. The positive examples of land access notwithstanding, a number of unresolved problems regarding land use and titling remain. Furthermore, land in itself is insufficient for social and economic reintegration if the larger context of sustainable and regional development is not addressed.
Benevolent State, Law-Breaking Smugglers, and Deportable and Expendable Women: An Analysis of the Canadian State’s Strategy to Address Trafficking in Women
Authors: Thobani Sunera
Published: June 2020

The Canadian state undertook a major restructuring of the immigration and refugee program in the 1990s, committing itself to creating a new immigration act as part of this process. Trafficking is one major issue that the new act would concern itself with. In this paper I make the case that the state’s proposals for addressing trafficking enable the state to posit itself as responsible for protecting “Canadians” while carefully avoiding any responsibility for the wellbeing of women who are trafficked; demonize smugglers as the cause of trafficking; and override the concerns and interests of women who are trafficked by making deportation the only “solution” to their presence in Canada. Consequently, these proposals will further penalize the women, while protecting the interests of the Canadian men, women, and employers who profit and benefit from their exploitation. Further, while this approach does nothing to address the root causes of trafficking, the state’s enthusiasm for increasing trade liberalization will only exacerbate these very causes.
Bill C-31: Limited Access to Refugee Determination and Protection
Authors: Bossin Michael
Published: June 2020

This article deals with the effect of the proposed Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Bill C-31) on access to Canada’s refugee determination system and its pre-removal risk-assessment procedures. The author examines public statements about government plans for increased overseas interdiction of refugee claimants, provisions that expand the definition of persons ineligible to have their claims heard by the Immigration and Refugee Board (particularly those concerning “serious criminality”), and the proposed new system for pre-removal risk assessment. His conclusion is that, should these proposals come into effect, fewer people will have access to refugee and other protection in Canada.
An Essay on the Free Movement of Peoples
Authors: Barsky Robert F.
Published: June 2020

This article argues that debate on Bill C-31 should, in fact, focus upon the fact that it is impossible to determine the veracity of refugee claims using current methods of adjudication, that Canadian refugee and immigration legislation is incompatible with the international conventions, declarations, and norms upon which it is said to be based, and the absurdity of restricting the free movement of peoples. Arguing that the immigration and refugee system already favours free movement for the rich and the well-connected, and that the proposed legislation will further punish those who already suffer greatly from current restrictions, the author suggests that Canada should work to assist those who desire to move by eliminating obstacles such as third-country clauses, visa restrictions, and prohibitively priced airline tickets, and that rather than penalize those who assist in people’s natural desire to move around, Canadian officials should help find ways to encourage the movement of peoples on whatever grounds they themselves think appropriate.
Manufacturing “Terrorists”: Refugees, National Security and Canadian - Part 2
Authors: Aiken Sharryn J.
Published: June 2020

The overarching objective of this paper is to provide a critical appraisal of the anti-terrorism provisions of Canada’s Immigration Act. The impact of these measures on refugees is the primary concern of this inquiry, but the author’s observations are relevant to the situation of other categories of non-citizens as well. Part 1 of the essay, published in the previous issue of Refuge, began by considering international efforts to address “terrorism,” the relevance of international humanitarian law to an assessment of acts of “terror,” and the nature of contemporary discourse on terrorism. The evolution of the current “admissibility” provisions in Canadian immigration law was examined with particular reference to national security threats and “terrorism.” In part 2, the author focuses on the role played by Canada’s Federal Court in legitimizing the national security scheme. The tensions in the current jurisprudence are considered with a more in-depth analysis of Suresh v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, a case pending before the Canadian Supreme Court. The paper concludes with suggestions for restoring human rights for refugees while safeguarding a genuine public interest in security.
Le HCR au Mexique auprès des Guatémaltèques : 20 ans de présence
Authors: Michel Edith F. Kauffer
Published: June 2020

As the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), prepares to celebrate twenty years of its presence in Mexico, this paper examines its work there, with special focus on the programs for Guatemalan refugees. Despite restrictions linked to the manner of its initial entry in Mexico as well as to the position adopted by the authorities towards refugees and the Geneva Convention, the UNHCR’s activities were made easy because of its role as a source of financing. Consequently, we are able to mention some activities of the UNHCR in favour of Guatemalan refugees where its direct and/or indirect intervention proved crucial.
Refugees and Racism in Canada
Authors: Richmond Anthony H.
Published: June 2020

The terms race and racism are defined, and the history of their use in Canada since Confederation is examined. A distinction is made between “macro” and “micro” racism. Examples of interpersonal and systemic racism in Canada are considered in the context of multicultural policies and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Changes in Canadian immigration law and regulations are examined and their implications for refugee movements reviewed. It is concluded that there are unintended consequences of stricter control over borders and the “faster, fairer, firmer” treatment of asylum-seekers, that constitute institutional racism.
Refugees, Race, and Gender: The Multiple Discrimination against Refugee Women
Authors: Pittaway Eileen , Bartolomei Linda
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the intersectionality of race and gender in refugee situations, and the multiple forms of discrimination experienced by refugee women. It explores the notion of racism as a root cause of refugee generation, and the gendered nature of the refugee experience. The manner in which racism and sexism intersect to compound the human rights violations that refugee women experience is explored in the treatment of sexual violence in international and domestic law and policy; during armed conflict; in refugee camps; in countries of first asylum; and in countries of resettlement. Using a case study of one strand of refugee policy in Australia, it illustrates the impact of this discrimination on refugee women. The forthcoming World Conference against Racism offers a unique opportunity for this phenomenon to be addressed by the international community.
A Conference Built on Trust
Authors: DeWinter Deborah Hafner
Published: June 2020

In April 2001, 265 participants from twenty countries including representatives of the governments, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, UNHCR, and former refugees met in Norrköping, Sweden, for the International Conference on the Reception and Integration of Resettled Refugees. Fundamentally, the success of the conference resulted from the overarching operating principles in the planning process which affirmed that all resettlement countries, traditional or emerging, had something positive and unique to contribute, and that no hierarchy would influence the equal value of comments made. As a result, a spirit of cooperation and trust was built that characterised the spirit of the conference and continues to influence the post-conference phase of the Integration Initiative.
The Path to Integration: Meeting the Special Needs of Refugee Elders in Resettlement
Authors: Chenoweth Jeff , Burdick Laura
Published: June 2020

Refugee elders in resettlement represent a small but very vulnerable population. Regardless of age, vitality, or employability, elders play a critical role in upholding a family strength and stability through the difficult period of forced migration. Yet, most resettlement countries provide few services to elders beyond those given to the whole family in the forms of housing, income support, and health care. The lack of elder-specific services may be the result of limited resettlement numbers, inadequate resources, or unfamiliarity with elders’ unique needs. This article discusses the many common needs and challenges of refugee elders through a literature review and follows with recommendations for interventions and integration activities. The authors suggest that skillful needs assessment and creative program design can help to restore elders’ dignity and vitality, thereby strengthening the family unit. The article is based on the authors’ experiences as technical assistance advisers to over 130 private and public refugee elder programs in the United States from 1997 to 2000.
Un regard sur la domesticité juvénile en Haïti
Authors: Lubin Irdèle
Published: June 2020

‘Domestic Children’, ‘Service Children’ or ‘restavèk’ (‘livein’) - such are some of the appellations given to young girls and boys placed in host families in order to serve them. In exchange, these host families are supposed to cater for some of their basic needs (food, shelter, clothing), and in due course, to pay for their school fees. These children are ill treated, humiliated and considered as the lowest of the low in the family. They are treated as young slaves. They toil endlessly from morning to night, and are yet totally forgotten and attract hardly any interest. The legislation providing some degree of protection for them in the host families is totally disregarded and their rights ignored. This article focuses on the plight of Domestic Children in Haiti, the laws applicable to the situation, and the manner in which these children are living an existence deprived of rights in the country.
Interpretation Consistent with International Law? The Detention of Asylum Seekers in South Africa
Authors: Ramji Jaya
Published: June 2020

On paper, South African law concerning detention of asylum seekers appears consistent with international standards. However, the text of the Act is vague and overly broad, permitting interpretations inconsistent with international human rights standards. Further, in practice, officials often fail to uphold even the lowest standards of the Act, in violation of South African law. In order to protect the rights of asylum seekers, the South African government should institute formal guidelines and training programs, as well as a system of strong supervision and accountability, to ensure that the Act and Regulations are interpreted in a manner consistent with international law. Such a step will enable South Africa to live up to its noble post-apartheid human rights ideals.
Seeking Freedom: A Child Finds Himself behind Bars
Authors: Glickman Leonard S.
Published: June 2020

This article examines the case of a seventeen-year-old Algerian teen, indefinitely detained by the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service in an adult facility, on the basis of radial and dental exams.
Mr. Suresh and the Evil Twin
Authors: Macklin Audrey
Published: June 2020

In Suresh v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration and Ahani v. MCI, the Supreme Court of Canada declared that removing a refugee accused of terrorism to a country where he or she would face a substantial risk of torture or similar abuse would virtually always violate the individual’s rights under s. 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. While the Court deserves praise for vindicating fundamental human rights over competing claims of national security, coming so close on the heels of September 11, the victory is in certain respects more apparent than real. Given the strong endorsement of judicial deference to the exercise of Ministerial discretion in national security matters, the Court leaves the state wide scope to circumvent the spirit of the judgment while adhering to its letter.
Palestinian Refugees: Host Countries, Legal Status and the Right of Return
Authors: Said Wadie E.
Published: June 2020

Given the Palestinian refugees’ precarious legal status in their host countries, recognition of the Palestinian right of return is not only legally viable, but also crucial for the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. That racially driven demographic considerations have been employed up until now to derail binding and directly applicable laws and practices, as well as keep the refugees in a state of legal limbo in their host countries, cuts to the heart of the fundamental injustice currently plaguing the Middle East. No amount of obfuscating the facts and the law can tarnish the applicability and relevance of the right of return, and Palestinian refugees and their advocates remain in both a strong moral and legal position to continue to call for the recognition of that right.
The Right to Restitution and Compensation in International Law and the Displaced Palestinians
Authors: Lynk Michael
Published: June 2020

In any final settlement between Israel and the Palestinians, compensation for the material and moral losses of the Palestinian refugees will be a central feature. The parties have ostensibly agreed that compensation will be paid, but differ significantly on the principles that will determine the global amount of compensation, the valuation of losses, and the method of distribution to the recipients. Compensation for refugees, for victims of human rights violations, and for property loss have become well-grounded features in contemporary international law. The author argues that these international law principles should shape the compensation agreement that will settle the conflict, because fairness and transitional justice, rather than unequal bargaining power, will more readily hasten the healing of the many wounds that the Palestinians and Israelis have endured.