bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konflik Sosial dalam Novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta Karya Fiersa Besari Kajian Strukturalisme
Authors: Sabila Gita , Fathurohman Irfai , Ristiyani
Published: June 2022

This research is motivated by the conflicts contained in a literary work, especially novels. There are various types of conflicts contained in a novel, these conflicts include, external conflicts and also internal conflicts. External conflict is divided into two, namely social conflict and physical conflict, while internal conflict can be called inner conflict. This study focuses on social conflict which is a conflict that occurs and is caused by human contact. The formulation of the problem in this research how the social conflict contained in the novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta by Fiersa Besari? This study aims to determine the social conflicts contained in the novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta by Fiersa Besari. The approach used in this study is a structural approach. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with the aim of describing the social conflicts contained in the novel. This research was conducted by collecting data that had been obtained from reading and recording data activities. The data collected by documentation. Data analysis in this study was carried out by reducing data, assessing data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research in the novel using structuralism studies show that the social conflicts that occur in the novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta are Juang's childhood conflicts that occurred when Juang was a child, conflicts of opinion and feuds between Juang and his father, and conflicts when Juang was young. Juang was taken prisoner. The social conflicts contained in this study are derived from the social relations between the characters in the novel.
Kepribadian Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Guru Aini Karya Andrea Hirata: Kajian Psikologi Sastra Alfred Adler
Authors: Imas Juidah  , Agus Nasihin  , Ade Reza
Published: June 2022

This study aims to describe the personality of the main character in the novel Guru Aini by Andrea Hirata based on Alfred Adler's theory. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The data in this study are words, sentences, and quotes contained in the novel Guru Aini by Andrea Hirata. Meanwhile, the data source in this research is the novel Guru Aini by Andrea Hirata. The data collection technique in this study was a reading and note-taking technique. The results of this study indicate that there are six personality theories in the main character, namely the character of Desi Istiqomah. First, the struggle for success or superiority contained in the character Desi. Second, subjective observations found in Desi's character. Third, the unity of personality contained in the character Desi. Fourth, the social interest found in Desi's character is a sense of caring for poor children by giving most of her salary to buy stationery and other necessities. Fifth, the lifestyle found in Desi's character is to have a simple lifestyle. Sixth, the creative strength contained in Desi's character is that he always has ideas to give mathematics lessons to his students
Imbalance of T Helper and Regulatory Cells in Patients with Tuberculosis Co-infection Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors:   Department of Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases (Pulmonary Tuberculosis), First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Xin Jiang, China, Ayiguli Alimu , Li Li ,   Department of Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases (Pulmonary Tuberculosis), First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Xin Jiang, China, Xueme Zhong ,   Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Xin Jiang, China, Hui Gong ,   Department of Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases (Pulmonary Tuberculosis), First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Xin Jiang, China, Zulipikaer Abudureheman ,   Department of Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases (Pulmonary Tuberculosis), First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Xin Jiang, China, Subinuer Yilamujiang ,   Department of Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases (Pulmonary Tuberculosis), First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Xin Jiang, China, Ya Liu ,   Department of Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases (Pulmonary Tuberculosis), First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Xin Jiang, China, Dilare Hairoula ,   Department of Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases (Pulmonary Tuberculosis), First People’s Hospital of Kashi, Xin Jiang, China
Published: June 2022

Background: To ensure that patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV) and active tuberculosis(TB) co-infection (HIV-TB) can get timely treatment, we investigated T helper cells17 (Th17), Tregulatorycells(Treg) levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the TB, HIV, HIVTB patients provide a better consult for prediction of HIV-TB patients. Methods: A total of 62 patients with TB, HIV, HIV-TB and 30 healthy peoples were included in our study. The PBMCs were isolated from the peripheral blood and the level of Th17 and Treg cells were tested by flow cytometry. Serum levels of cytokines Interleukin 17 (IL-17), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) were determined by ELISA. Results: Th17/Treg imbalance in HIV-TB patients, and is lower than HIV, TB and control group (Th17/Treg: 0.10±0.03 vs 0.25±0.08 vs 0.47±0.14 or 1.03±0.47, p<0.05). The expression of IL-10 in HIV-TB patients were significantly increased than HIV, T Band control groups, IL-17 and IL-6 were significantly decased (IL-10: 28.8±4.3 vs 23.6±3.6 vs 18.5±2.9 or 14.3±1.8pg/mL, p<0.05; IL- 17: 17.1±3.6 vs 24.2±4.2 vs 28.3±5.8 or 40.9±6.8pg/mL, p<0.05; IL-6: 15.9±2.1 vs 23.8±3.4 vs 27.8±4.3 or 32.5±4.6pg/mL, p<0.05). Conclusions: These studies revealed that Th17/Treg in HIV-TB patients was imbalanced, and suppressor T cell subsets are dominant, thus participate in immune pathogenesis of HIV-TB.
Xanthate-supported photo-iniferter (XPI)-RAFT polymerization: Facile and rapid access to complex macromolecular architectures
Authors: Lehnen Anne-Catherine , Bapolisi Alain , Reifarth Martin , Bekir Marek , Hartlieb Matthias
Published: June 2022

Xanthate-supported photo-iniferter (XPI)-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is introduced as a fast and versatile photo-polymerization strategy. Small amounts of xanthate are added to conventional RAFT polymerizations to act as a photo-iniferter under light irradiation. Radical exchange is facilitated by the main CTA ensuring control over the molecular weight distribution, while the xanthate enables an efficient photo-(re)activation. In sharp contrast to conventional photo-initiators, the xanthate is introduced into the polymer as an end group and can be used to reactivate the macromolecule, as demonstrated by the synthesis of defined multiblocks. The presented method is extremely robust, versatile, and tolerant to oxygen, and consequently multiblock-synthesis could be performed in a coffee mug under open-to-air conditions. XPI-RAFT does not rely on highly specialized equipment as demonstrated using an iPad® flashlight to drive a polymerization. Consequently, XPI-RAFT polymerization qualifies as a universal tool for the straightforward synthesis of complex macromolecular architectures.
Limits of the quantum cognition hypothesis: 31P singlet order lifetimes of pyrophosphate from experiment and simulation
Authors: Lu Jiaqi , Korenchan David , Sabba Mohamed , Dagys Laurynas , Brown Lynda , Levitt Malcolm , Jerschow Alexej
Published: June 2022

A proposal of quantum cognition advances the hypothesis that quantum entanglement between 31P nuclei could serve as a means of information storage in the brain. Testing this hypothesis requires an understanding of how long-lived these quantum effects may be. We used NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to study the mechanisms that limit these quantum processes in 18O-enriched molecules of pyrophosphate, the simplest biomolecule that can sustain quantum-entangled 31P nuclear spin singlet states. We confirmed that chemical shift anisotropy limits the singlet magnetization order lifetimes in high magnetic fields, and we discovered that rapid rotation of the phosphate groups limits the lifetime in low magnetic fields. These findings represent an important starting point in studying whether quantum cognition can be a true biological phenomenon.
5D Total Scattering Computed Tomography Reveals the Full Reaction Mechanism of a bismuth vanadate lithium ion battery anode
Authors: Sottmann Jonas , Ruud Amund , Fjellvåg Øystein , Vaughan Gavin , Fjellvåg Helmer , Lebedev Oleg , Di Michiel Marco , Pooniah Vajeeston , Wragg David
Published: June 2022

We have used operando 5D synchrotron total scattering computed tomography (TSCT) to understand the cycling and possible long term deactivation mechanisms of the lithium-ion battery anode bismuth vanadate. This anode material functions via a combined conversion/alloying mechanism in which nanocrystals of lithium-bismuth alloy are protected by an amorphous matrix of lithium vanadate. This composite is formed in situ during the first lithiation of the anode. The operando TSCT data were analyzed and mapped using both pair distribution function and Rietveld methods. We can follow the lithium-bismuth alloying reaction at all stages, gaining real structural insight including variations in nanoparticle sizes, lattice parameters and bond lengths, even when the material is completely amorphous. We also observe for the first time structural changes related to the cycling of lithium ions in the lithium vanadate matrix which displays no order beyond the first shell of V-O bonds. The first 3D operando mapping of the distribution of different materials in an amorphous anode reveals a decline in coverage caused by either agglomeration or partial dissolution of the active material, hinting at the mechanism of long-term deactivation. The numerous observations from the operando experiment are backed up by post mortem HRTEM studies and theoretical calculations to provide a complete picture of an exceptionally complex cycling mechanism.
Periodic Density Matrix Embedding for CO Adsorption on the MgO(001)Surface
Authors: Mitra Abhishek , Hermes Matthew , Cho Minsik , Agarwal Valay , Gagliardi Laura
Published: June 2022

The adsorption of simple gas molecules to metal oxide surfaces is a primary step in many heterogeneous catalysis applications. Quantum chemical modeling of these reactions is a challenge both in terms of cost and accuracy, and quantum-embedding methods are promising, especially for localized chemical phenomena. In this work, we employ density matrix embedding theory (DMET) for periodic systems to calculate the adsorption energy of CO to the MgO(001) surface. Using coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations and second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory as quantum chemical solvers, we perform calculations with embedding clusters up to 266 electrons in 306 orbitals; the largest embedding models agreeing to within 1.2 kcal/mol of the non-embedding references. Due to the need of large impurity clusters for surface chemistry, we present a memory-efficient procedure of storing and manipulating electron repulsion integrals in the embedding space within the framework of periodic DMET.
Discovery and Identification of New Amino Acid-Conjugated Bile Acids by Polarity-Switching Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Yan-Zhen , Mei Peng-Cheng , Bai Pei-Rong , An Na , He Jin-Gang , Wang Jie , Zhu Quan-Fei , Feng Yu-Qi
Published: June 2022

Bile acids (BAs) are a class of vital gut microbiota-host cometabolites, and they play an important role in maintaining gut microbiota-host metabolic homeostasis. Very recently, a new mechanism of BA anabolic metabolism mediated by gut microbiota (BA-amino acid conjugation) has been revealed, which provides a perspective for the research on BA metabolism and gut metabolome. In this study, we established a polarity-switching multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry method to mine amino acid-conjugated bile acids (AA-BAs) derived from host-gut microbiota cometabolism. Using the developed method, we discovered and identified 14 types of amino acid conjugations with host BAs for the first time including serine, valine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, aspartic acid, lysine, glutamine, glutamic acid, methionine, histidine, arginine, isoleucine, and tryptophan conjugations in mouse and human feces. Moreover, we found that the AA-BA metabolism was closely related to the physiological state of the host. Our findings greatly expand the chemical diversity of gut microbiota-derived AA-BAs and lay a foundation for the study of their specific mechanisms and biological functions.
Encapsulation of Size-Selected Ru3 Clusters into RF-Deposited TiO2
Authors: Howard-Fabretto Liam , Gorey Timothy J. , Li Guangjing , Tesana Siriluck , Metha Gregory F. , Anderson Scott L. , Andersson Gunther G.
Published: June 2022

In this study Ru3 clusters are deposited onto radio frequency-sputter deposited TiO2 (RF-TiO2) substrates by both solution submersion and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of Ru3(CO)12, as well as cluster source depositions of bare Ru3. TiO2(100) and SiO2 are used as comparison surfaces with differing cluster-surface interactions. Temperature-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), angle-resolved XPS, and temperature-dependent low energy ion scattering (TD-LEIS) are used to probe how the cluster-surface interaction changes due to heat treatment. Results show that bare Ru3 supported on SiO2 remain on the surface layer but agglomerates upon heating. Conversely, when supported on sputter-treated RF-TiO2, bare Ru3 is encapsulated by a layer of titania substrate material as-deposited. Ligated Ru3(CO)12 is also covered by a layer of titania when deposited onto sputter-treated RF-TiO2 but heat treatment is required to remove most of the ligands. TD-LEIS is used to directly measure the encapsulation of CVD Ru3(CO)12 clusters on sputter-treated RF-TiO2 and determine the substrate overlayer thickness. The overlayer was found to be 1-2 monolayers, which is thin enough for catalytic or photocatalytic reactions to occur without Ru being present in the outermost layer.
Structural dereplication of natural products by means of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance data.
Authors: Nuzillard Jean-Marc
Published: June 2022

The present article reports the creation and usage of a general natural product database for structural dereplication of natural products. This database, acd_lotusv7, is based on the LOTUS natural products database as the unique source of chemical structures. Database construction and use for dereplication relies on the commercial ACD/Labs C+H Predictor and DB software. The linkage of each natural compound with a Wikidata resource identifier accelerates the access to the primary literature data such as biologic origin and bibliographic references.
A Methodological Debate in the Ottoman Period: Cabizade Halil Faiz Efendi (d. 1134/1722) and His al-Kalimāt al-uṣūliyya
Authors: TAN Taha Yasin
Published: June 2022

Individual treatises in the Hanafi jurisprudential tradition provide an opportunity and space of legitimacy for the madhhab’s legal positions. Jurists (fuqahāʾ) mainly refer to the literature to consult texts (mutūn), collections on legal opinions (fatāwā), and treatises for examining social changes. The treatises addressed various subjects, including coffee, tobacco, cash waqfs, and hunting with firearms. Tobacco drew the attention of Ottoman scholars (ulema), who began writing on the matter in the seventeenth century. The government’s strict measures against tobacco use and challenges among some scholars over their legal opinions on tobacco further kindled debates in the eighteenth century. Scholars, including Shaykh al-Islams, articulated various opinions on tobacco in their treatises and fatāwā. The variety of these opinions reflected methodological issues in jurisprudence. Notably, the scholars’ positions on various issues such as independent reasoning (ijtiḥād), the divisibility of ijtiḥād, imitation (taqlīd), and derivation of rules from legal principles or sources (takhrīj) all factored into the outcome and legitimacy of a jurist’s studies as well as to the level of a madhhab’s bindingness in the society. Therefore, treatise authors supporting the permissibility (ibāḥa) of tobacco argue, “No jurist capable of practicing qiyās (analogical reasoning) exists in their own times and thereby the item whose permissibility is discussed is permissible by the principle of original permissibility.” The others holding the opposite argument emphasized that qiyās was possible and still applied.
Mine’t-Türâsi’n-nakdî: Dirâse ve tahlîl
Authors: ARAZ İsmail
Published: June 2022

II. (VIII.) yüzyılın sonlarına doğru artan rivayet faaliyetleriyle beraber tedvin çalışmalarının hız kazanması, sair İslamî disiplinlerde olduğu gibi edebiyat alanında da birtakım yenilikleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu yeniliklerin belki de en önemlisi, uzun zaman dilimine yayılan sözlü tenkit faaliyetlerinin peyderpey tedvin edilmesi olmuştur. Asmaî’nin (ö. 216/831) Fuhûletü’ş-şuarâ’, İbn Sellâm’ın (ö. 231/846) Tabakātü fuhûli’ş-şu‘arâ’ ve İbn Kuteybe’nin (ö. 276/876) eş-Şi‘r ve’ş-şu‘arâ’ adlı eserleri, tenkit faaliyetlerinin yazılı serüvenine örnek verilebilecek ilk eserlerdendir. Sözlü-yazılı tenkit serüveni arasında köprü vazifesi gören bu eserler, alanında temel kaynaklar kabul edilmiş ve ilerleyen dönemlerde sistemli hale gelecek tenkit faaliyetlerinin şekillenmesinde belirleyici rol üstlenmiştir. Söz konusu eserlerden hareketle sonraki dönemlerde şiir tenkidinin bir ilim olarak anıldığı çalışmalar ortaya çıkmıştır. Ebü’l-Hasan İbn Tabâtabâ’nın (ö. 322/934) ‘İyârü’ş-şi‘r, Kudâme b. Ca‘fer’in (ö. 337/949 [?]) Nakdü’ş-şi‘r, Ebü’l-Hasan el-Cürcânî’nin (ö. 392/1001-1002) el-Vesâta beyne’l-Mütenebbî ve husûmih ve İbn Reşîk el-Kayrevânî’nin (ö. 456/1064) el-Umde fî mehâsini’ş-şi‘r ve âdâbih adlı eserleri, IV (X) ve V. (XI.) yüzyıllarda sistemleşerek gelişen şiir tenkidine dair yapılan çalışmalardan sadece bazılarıdır.
Türkler ve Kur'an
Authors: UĞUR Ahmet
Published: June 2022

Bir dilde söylenen ya da yazılan kelimenin başka bir dile aktarılması biçiminde tanımlanan tercüme, insanlar arasındaki iletişimi kolaylaştırması bakımından tarihin her döneminde ilgi gören uğraşılardan biri olmuştur. Farklı dili konuşan insanlar genellikle dinî, siyasî, askerî, ticarî ve kültürel faaliyetlerin devamlılığını sağlayabilmek adına tercümeye ihtiyaç duyar. Bu ihtiyaç hangi sebeple olursa olsun temelinde anlaşma ve anlaşılma kaygısı taşır. Tam da bu noktada tercüme, farklı dili konuşan insanlar arasında bir köprü vazifesi üstlenir.
Muslim Qur’ānic Interpretation Today: Media, Genealogies, and Interpretive Communities
Authors: COŞKUN Muhammed
Published: June 2022

Johanna Pink, who is mainly interested in modern Qur’anic exegesis and translations, attempts to draw a panorama of the different interpretations of the Qur’ān between 2000 and 2016 in her book Muslim Qur’ānic Interpretation: Media, Genealogies and Interpretive Communities. She seeks to provide an outline of different interpretations from many regions of the Muslim world, extending from Indonesia to Egypt, from the United States to Iran, and from Turkey to Saudi Arabia. At first, Pink discusses the increasingly central position and function of Qur’anic exegesis in the contemporary period. The author underlines that exegesis had a more modest place in the hierarchy of classical religious sciences and manages to examine its positioning in the classical period with much clarity. In the second chapter, Pink emphasizes that the context-oriented approach of classical tafsir has undergone a text-centered transformation in line with that of Ibn Taymiyya’s approach. Thereafter, the author discusses the impact of this transformation in the contemporary Arab world, especially through various abridgments and editions of Ibn Kathīr’s tafsīr.
COVID-19 and the drug situation in Lithuania
Authors: Pridotkienė Evelina , Gedminienė Rūta , Povilanskienė Rasa , Rašimaitė Brigita , Stifanovičiūtė Viktorija
Published: June 2022

The application of restrictive public health measures because of COVID-19 has affected all areas of life, including drug use, drug market, and the response of law enforcement and health, education, and social care institutions to the drug phenomenon. In Lithuania students who used psychoactive substances irregularly were more likely to reduce the use of these substances or abstained during quarantine. However, those who used these substances regularly increased the use during quarantine. The provision of harm reduction services was not interrupted, but the package of health services was reduced. There were disruptions in the number of clients entering treatment. Participation in the Early Intervention Programme in Lithuania for young people who are experimenting with alcohol or drugs increased but did not reach the pre-pandemic level. The pandemic also affected workplace-based prevention. The drug market situation remained stable, although the number of the quantities seized indicated some annual variations, caused by changes in supply and demand during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Authors:   -, - -
Published: June 2022

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Transition to a Competitive Consultant Selection Method: A Case Study of a Public Agency in Israel
Authors: Mitelman Amichai , Giat Yahel
Published: June 2022

Aim/Purpose: This paper reports a case study of organizational transition from a non-competitive selection method to a novel bidding method for the selection of consultants in the Architectural and Engineering (A/E) industry.

Background: Public procurement agencies are increasingly relying on external consultants for the design of construction projects. Consultant selection can be based on either competitive bidding, or quality-based criteria, or some combination between these two approaches.

Methodology: Different sources of information were reviewed: internal documents, and quantitative data from the enterprise software platform (ERP). In addition, informal and unstructured interviews were conducted with relevant officials.

Contribution: As there are mixed opinions in the scientific literature regarding the use of competitive bidding for the selection of consultants in the A/E industry, this paper contributes a detailed review of a transition to a competitive selection method and provides a financial and qualitative comparison between the two methods. In addition, the method implemented is novel, as it delegates most of the responsibility of hiring and managing consultants to one main contractor.

Findings: While the new selection method was intended to reduce bureaucratic over-load, it has unexpectedly also succeeded to reduce costs as well.

Recommendations for Practitioners: It may be more efficient and profitable to adopt the selection method de-scribed in this study.

Recommendations for Researchers: Similar methods can be applied to other industries successfully.

Impact on Society: Our method was applied in a public organization and resulted in a better out-come, both financial and managerial. Adopting this approach can benefit public budgets.

Future Research: The selection, data storage, and analysis methods are interrelated components. Future analysis of these components can help better shape the consultant selection process.
Causal Relationships Among Tourism, International Trade, Pollution, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Central Asian Countries
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Ahmad Bilal , Ozturk Ilhan
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the cointegration and causality among environmental quality (CO2 emissions), international trade, economic growth, and tourism of five Central Asian Republic States (CARS-5), namely Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan, for 1992â€“2018. To this end, we employed the Johansen cointegration approach, modified Wald tests, and the Toda & Yamamoto (1995) approach. The empirical results showed that the variables were cointegrated in the long run, and the Granger causality test results revealed the existence of causality in the series. Furthermore, the empirical results validated both the export-led and the tourism-led growth hypotheses for Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. These findings suggest that the CARS-5 should develop appropriate and prudent public policies to stimulate sustainable economic development.
Does CSR Expenditure and Sustainability Reporting Improve Firm Performance? Mandatory CSR Regimes in India
Authors: Garg Arunesh , Gupta Pradeep Kumar
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to investigate whether firms that comply with corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure and undertake voluntary sustainability reporting will have lower systematic risk and higher stock returnsâ€”the proxies for measuring firm performanceâ€”in mandatory CSR regimes in India. The instrumental approach of stakeholder theory asserts that firms considering stakeholdersâ€™ interests, including societal interest, are likely to show better firm performance compared to others. Therefore, on the basis of such a theory, this study attempts to link sustainability reporting and CSR compliance with firm performance. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were used to examine the proposed hypotheses and analyze the results for firms meeting the criteria of CSR provisions and are listed in the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. The period of study covers four financial years from 2015â€“16 to 2018â€“19, after India mandated CSR expenditure on April 1, 2014. Results reveal that markets value those firms that meet the mandatory CSR expenditure requirement but do not undertake voluntary sustainability reporting. The findings offer important implications for firms, investors, and policymakers of countries, including those that are planning for CSR legislation.
Lecciones fundamentales de comercio exterior para millennials: lo que se debe saber Tomo I
Authors: Hernández Valdés Patricia Elena , Cruz Cruz Mario , Hidalgo Gallardo Amada
Published: June 2022

El comercio exterior es una de las actividades humanas que dinamiza todo el espectro social, redefine los patrones de consumo, organiza los proceso de trabajo, reconfigura los territorios, los saberes y segmente el mercado e nuna multiplicidad de consumidores.
Mujeres organizadas en el Alto Mezquital y la Sierra Alta hidalguense: La vida en tres cooperativas dirigidas por mujeres campesinas e indígenas (1990-2016)
Authors: Soto Alarcón Jozelin María
Published: June 2022

Durante más de dos décadas, tres grupos integrados mayoritariamente por mujeres se han organizado para producir y generar sustento en el Alto Mezquital y la Sierra Alta del estado de Hidalgo: Milpa Maguey Tierno de la Mujer, Sociedad de Solidaridad Social (Milpa Maguey, en adelante) de San Andrés Daboxtha en Cardonal produce miel de maguey (néctar de agave), la Unión de Mujeres San José de las Manzanas (Las Manzanas, en adelante) de Las Manzanas en Tlahuiltepa elabora medicina natural y pan, y por último el grupo familiar de El Doní, en El Dexthi San Juanico de Ixmiquilpan, produce champuses. El y las integrantes de la Milpa Maguey y el Dexthi son hñähñús (otomíes), mientras que las mujeres de Las Manzanas son mestizas. El objetivo de los tres grupos ha sido generar una fuente de empleo remunerado a partir de sus recursos locales y culturales. En su historia, los colectivos han enfrentado retos organizativos en sus hogares, al interior de los colectivos, con autoridades comunitarias y gubernamentales y en los mercados. Los grupos son cooperativas de producción cuyas prácticas están incrustadas en contextos sociales situados. La organización productiva repercute en la vida cotidiana de las socias, de sus familiares y en sus comunidades, en un momento histórico particular: el de las políticas económicas mexicanas neoliberales de ajuste estructural implementadas desde 1982. El territorio donde se desarrollan las tres cooperativas, el Alto Mezquital y las Montañas de Tlahuiltepa (Sierra Alta), ha sido fértil en la organización de cooperativas y grupos de mujeres desde la década de los ochenta. Se tienen registros de las cooperativas de mujeres artesanas de lechuguilla (Las Abejas, Las Hormigas), talleres de costura y molinos, hasta la construcción de casas y proyectos de comercialización más amplios como La Flor del Valle. Sin embargo, no todos los proyectos productivos dirigidos a mujeres rurales continúan.
Cluster analysis of food retailers in Russia
Authors: Kovalev Viktor E. , Novikova Ksenia V. , Antineskul Ekaterina A.
Published: June 2022

There is lack of studies on the theoretical and practical aspects of effective clustering of food retailers. The paper focuses on adapting the cluster analysis method to improve the financial performance of retail outlets by controlling relatively homogeneous objects, such as retail space, assortment depth, and average bill. Methodologically, the study relies on the theory of marketing. The research methodology rests on the adaptation of cluster analysis for food retailers. The information base includes retailers’ official websites, expert and analytical materials, as well as databases statista.com and 2gis.ru. The study presents the results of a competitive analysis of changes in the Russian retail market and identifies industry leaders and the most promising retail formats. We propose a mathematical model by using k-means clustering to calculate evaluation criteria and use them as the basis for building a ranking of a food retailer’s stores. The model was tested using the case study of a retail company in Perm (Perm krai, Russia). The identified evaluation criteria are sales volume, retail space, average bill, marginality, the number of SKUs, and service costs. The level of the dependence of retail development on these criteria is calculated. Based on the results of food stores clustering, we single out five clusters with similar approaches to the operational management of retail formats and determine the necessary inventory and logistics. The developed model of stores clustering contributes to the implementation of outlets provision standards and enhances retailers’ performance and the level of customer service.
Kinetic Regularities Research of the Convective Concentration Process of a Hexane-Paraffinic Composition for the Food Paraffin Production
Authors: Maryisheva Marina A. , Aleksanian Igor Yu. , Nugmanov Albert H.-H. , Titova Lyubov M.
Published: June 2022

Film structures, used for the production of biodegradable packaging materials, are hydrophilic in nature. Their paraffinization reduced the influence of external factors, primarily moisture, for them, i.e. applying a thin layer of molten food paraffin to the film surface for subsequent protection of packaged food products from moisture and sunlight. While producing the moisture-repellent compositions, a man pays much attention to the quality of the final food paraffin. One of its important safety indicators is the absence of carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons in it. The kinetic regularities study of the convective concentration processes of a technical paraffin solution in n-hexane is necessary to analyze their mechanism and speed, depending on the operating parameters, making possible to determine the rational duration of these procedures and the specific yield of the resulting product. To rationalize the convective concentration of a hexane solution, it is necessary to select such operating parameters enabling not only to remove hexane with toxic components dissolved in it from the study object in a relatively simple apparatus, but also to significantly reduce the time for this process. The study aim was to determine the rational modes of hexane-paraffin mixture concentration, as an object for the food paraffin production with convective energy supply. The concentration curve nature, although it is typical for the interacting materials, in particular n-hexane and paraffin, has a certain specificity, determined by the physicochemical parameters of the research object, which is a true solution included various toxic substances. The specific features of the study object are to be reflected not only on the solution concentration mechanism, but also on the temperature fields evolution in it and, as a result, determine the original approaches to modeling the process of removing the solvent together with toxic substances, particularly, benz-α-pyrene.
Technology Improvement of Minced Fish from Pond Fish and Quality Assessment of Culinary Products from It
Authors: Yartseva Natalya V. , Dolganova Natalia V. , Aleksanian Igor Yu. , Nugmanov Albert H.-H.
Published: June 2022

The fishery of the Caspian Sea basin plays an important role in providing the Southern Federal District population with food. Along with the coastal and marine fishery development due to the new area assimilation and underutilized facilities, the aquaculture production is a promising direction for the fishery development of the Southern Federal District. A man suggests to solve the efficient utilization problem of pond fish by developing relatively cheap, but high-quality public catering products, particularly various semi-finished products. When processing pond fish into minced fish, it is possible to obtain products of different quality classes differing in color, consistency, possible shelf life, and direction of use. Improving the minced fish production technology discovers new, more rational and modern ways of processing fish raw materials: processing into minced fish solves the production economic task, production of minced fish culinary products both natural and with additives enables expanding the fish products range on the Russian market. At the same time, a man solves the technological problem: since the pond fish has many small bones, when ground into minced fish, small bones either remain in the separator or are very finely minced; at the same time, the fish edible part yield reaches 40-60%, whereas when filleted is only 28-33%. As for the market, in recent years, consumer interest in food products that contain ingredients beneficial to human health has increased. The processing of pond fish into minced fish and the development of products based on it fall into the modern food market structure in general and the fish market in particular.
Phase-Dynamic Analysis of the Food Fermentation Process
Authors: Lisin Petr A. , Makarova Anna A.
Published: June 2022

There is a lactic acid formation followed by milk casein coagulation in the fermented dairy products obtained by fermentation. A man observes the metabolic activity of microorganisms during fermentation. Decomposition and synthesis reactions accompany the vital activity process of microorganisms leading to significant changes in the culture medium. It gives the products produced the specified rheological, organoleptic and required functional properties. The priority direction of the dairy production evolvement is the development of products with regulated technological processes. The article considers the phase-dynamic acid accumulation process possibility in dairy products, namely, by the example of yogurt with fat mass fraction of 2.5% during the fermentation period. The researchers modeled changes regression dependences in the rate and acceleration of the acid accumulation process during fermentation using the MathCAD computer mathematical system. A man specified the acid accumulation phases in the studied object by experimental and analytical studies: the active phase – in the first 6 hours of fermentation; the passive phase – from 6 to 10 hours. The acidity growth rate is proportional to the number of lactic acid bacteria. Initially, the increase in acidity occurred according to the exponential law; then, the increase began to slow down as the nutrient content (lactose) decreased and the concentration of microbial waste products increased; and assumed the maximum value eventually. The phase-dynamic portrait of acid accumulation in fermented milk products enables to quantify the separate influence of the microorganism reproduction and its inactivation effects on the acidity growth process.
Stakeholder risk research tools in the light of companies’ sustainable development
Authors: Tkachenko Irina N. , Zlygostev Aleksandr A.
Published: June 2022

Despite very extensive research on the issues of the stakeholder approach, so far there is no general understanding of the risks borne by company’s stakeholders and no applied tools developed to address specific problems of recognising and analysing them. The paper aims to study stakeholder risks, evaluate them, model stakeholder risk networks, develop tools for determining the loyalty (satisfaction) of stakeholders, and establish risk priorities for stakeholders. The research methodology rests on the stakeholder approach, corporate governance theory and graph theory. The paper applies comparative and content analysis, methods of modeling, prioritisation and visualisation of graphs. Based on Rebecca Yang’s method modified by the authors, the study models stakeholder risk networks. Due to the modification, the method is able to take into account the factor of balance of stakeholders’ interests. The method is tested on a business project of a particular company. The research results include specifying the mutual influence of risks in the network, determining key categories of risks and the most influential stakeholders, rating risks using analysis metrics and graphs, and developing a scheme for implementing the proposed tools in the management system. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in introducing the factor of balance (imbalance) of interests in modelling of stakeholder risk networks, as well as in providing recommendations on the use of these tools for sustainable development.
Anti Depression Potential of Papaya Seed Extracts in Wistar Rat Models
Authors: Ardila Devi , Nasution Ali Napiah , Wardhani Fiska Maya , Ikhtiari Refi
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of papaya seed extract as an antidepressant based on body weight, glucose levels, Interleukin-6, and malondialdehyde levels in treated rats. Force swimming and tail suspension tests have been conducted to measure acute stress and evaluate response behavior. Results showed that the higher concentration of papaya seed extract correlates to higher effectivity on reducing body weight and lowering glucose levels. Dose-response relationships were also observed on the inhibition effect of interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde more effective at higher extract concentrations. The experimental force swimming test and tail suspension test showed the positive effect of extract administration indicated by the shorter immobilization time. Gas chromatography analysis has confirmed the bioactive content in the extract. The main compounds such as; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-methyl ester, Benzyl nitrile, Hexadecanoic acid- methyl ester, and other saponins might be responsible for the antidepressant effects of papaya seed extract. This research encourages further studies on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and biomolecules analysis at cellular levels.
The need for purine examination on fisherman
Authors: Konoralma Ketrina , Sumampouw Jonas , Sukandar Dyan R , Pinontoan Sabrima PM , Tambuwun Samuel , Sumenge Dionysius
Published: June 2022

The need for purine check on Fisherman is important because when the fisherman excess consuming highly purine contained in the food in a long rime periode will cause purine metabolism disorder and can lead to purine deposition  in  joint tissue and sorouding, and finally will become gout arthritis. The uncontrolled of Gout Arthritis  will  lead to kidney stone, kidney function impaired, and end with  kidney failure. Research aims was to analyzes purine effect toward body metabolism functions. Research types using is analytic research with design one sample group to analyzes purine effect toward body metabolism functions on fishermans in Tafure of North Ternate of Moluccas. Population is whole member fishermans groups in Tafure sub district with sex men as amount 55 peoples. Data analyzes use one samples t-Test, research results precentage in the form frequency distribution table with explaining and narration.    Research results showed that respondents characteristic most of the attain the age of 26-45 years as much as 29 respondents (53%), had been BMI normal category as amount 46 respondents (84%). Uric acid levels normal is 32 respondents (60%), abnormal as amount 23 repondents (40%), and food consumption habitually high purine. Statistic test results using one samples t-Test showed that age mean 44.49+Std.D 11.460 p0.000<p0.05, BMI mean 22.62_Std.D 2.468 p0.000<p0.05 and uric acid levels mean 6.69+Std.D 1.275 p0.000<p0.05. That’s mean there is influencing between aged and BMI with increasing uric acid levels that food consumption high purine influencing uric acid levels on fishermans in sub district Tafure North Ternate District.
Teknik Terapi Seni Islami dan Presfektif Konseling Islam
Authors: Wajahtera Ahmad , Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: June 2022

This research is a literature study that discusses Islamic art therapy and its application. Islamic Art Therapy is one form of therapy that has not been widely used today. Islamic Art Therapy is a form of therapy that involves an artistic process, such as drawing a symbolic form of a therapeutic relationship to help the therapist gain an understanding of oneself and the stresses experienced by the client. Islamic Art Therapy has the characteristics of non-verbal communication, metaphor as a means of therapy, and relationship orientation. Islamic Art Therapy has not been widely applied to the problems of clients with psychological disorders.
Mut'ah Marriage Law in Perspective of Sayyid Husain Al-Thaba’thabaí and Their Relevance with Family Law in Indonesia
Authors: Qohar Abd , Zaki Muhammad , Faizal Liky , Rofi'i Hilmi Yusron
Published: June 2022

This study aims to examine Al-Thaba’thabaí 's thoughts on Mut'ah marriage and its relevance to family law in Indonesia. This research is a type of library research by descriptive-analytical approach. The primary data in this study are the Qur'an, Hadith, books by Al-Thaba’thabaí, the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning National Marriage Law, PP. Number 9 of 1975 as the implementing regulation of Law no. 1974, and INPRES No.1/1991 on the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). This study uses deductive thinking techniques and the data analysis uses maqashid sharia theory. The results show that Al-Thaba’thabaí 's thoughts on the permissibility of Mut'ah Marriages are not relevant to the purpose of marriage and the purpose of making legislation. As the purpose of making the law is the value of justice, usefulness, and legal certainty, besides the law is also made to create benefit in society. Al-Thaba’thabaí’s thought regarding Mut'ah Marriage must be rejected because it violates the values of the legal objectives, namely justice, benefit, and legal certainty, and also harms the values of benefit. To provide firmness to prohibit the practice of mut'ah marriage in Indonesia, it is necessary to amend Article 2 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage to "a legal marriage is carried out following their respective religions and registered following the legislation. invitation".
Urf Review of The Practice of Gold Marriage Mahar in The Community of Tanjung Senang District Bandar Lampung
Authors: Efrinaldi Efrinaldi , Jayusman Jayusman Jayusman , Shafra Shafra , Nurfatati Nurfatati
Published: June 2022

This study aims to reveal and analyze the practice of marriage dowry in the form of gold in the people of Tanjung Senang District, Bandar Lampung in the perspective of 'urf. The method used in this research is a descriptive analytical field research. Primary data in the form of interviews with the community in Tanjung Senang District, Bandar Lampung, then supplemented with secondary data. The results of this study indicate that: the tradition of the people of Tanjung Senang District, Bandar Lampung, it appears that the dowry in a marriage must be in the form of gold, whereas in Islamic law the form of the dowry is not determined in marriage, everything that has value can be used as a dowry. For the people here, dowry other than gold is considered unusual, the tradition of dowry in the form of gold is inherent, this tradition is considered good, it does not conflict with Islamic law, and brings benefit to society in general. This tradition is a form of love and affection, sincerity, and responsibility for the prospective husband to his prospective wife. The nominal is related to the level of education, social status, ethnicity, and profession based on the agreement of the parties. The conclusions of this study are: in the perspective of Islamic law, by referring to the rules of urf, that is to see the traditions/customs that have been attached to the community, and to see the philosophy of the practice of giving dowry as a form of appreciation for the social status of a woman, with the practice of giving this dowry is to achieve a benefit between the two prospective brides and even between large families, then it is not against Islamic law.
Selecting methods for water resources in coastal area: Comparative study cases of Hong Kong and Jakarta
Authors: Huwaina Analissa , Koestoer Raldi Hendrotoro Seputro
Published: June 2022

Environmental problems in coastal areas are related to water resources. This is due to the high demand as a result of population activities on the coast beside the water quality on the coast is less good than that onthe mainland. The objective of this study is to review and compare the selection of clean water supply methods and their alternatives, especially in Hong Kong and Jakarta, from a public policy point of view. Hong Kong has a variety of water supply methods. Currently, the ones that are still used are seawater toilet flushing and water imports from China. In policy formation, Hong Kong has not looked at it holistically or is still traditional. In Indonesia, water resources are the obligation of the state to meet the needs of its population in accordance with the 1 945 Constitution. Jakarta's coastal areas have not fully experienced access to piped water to date, so the Provincial Government has chosen the method of providing water according to public acceptance.
Prevalence of PTSD symptoms in children: The cost of the inadequate mental health system in Pakistan
Authors: Iqra Mushtaque
Published: June 2022

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that affects not only military veterans but also the general public specifically children. They may replay the event and its aftermath, avoid talking about it, have low self-esteem, and be unable to develop meaningful connections. Mentally sick individuals in Pakistan frequently face an obstacle, as discussing mental health is taboo. Mentally ill people are publicly humiliated in Pakistan, and sufferers are occasionally referred to as “pagal.” Even parents ignore the symptoms of their children.
Kekayaan Jenis Lamun Di Pantai Mehong, Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Siahaan Ratna , Tumadang Stevi Devita Euodia , Mertosono Irawaty Alifia
Published: June 2022

Lamun memiliki fungsi ekologis dan manfaat ekonomi yang penting sehingga perlu dipertahankan.  Gangguan terhadap lamun dapat menurunkan fungsi ekologis dan manfaat tersebut. Pantai Mehong memiliki keindahan yang baik untuk wisata. Perubahan peruntukan lahan dan kunjungan wisatawan semakin meningkat  dapat mengganggu lamun. Data keanekaragaman hayati lamun dibutuhkan sebagai bahan rujukan bagi pengelolaan Pantai Mehong secara berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kekayaan jenis lamun di Pantai Mehong, Keamacatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Sangihe, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Metode jelajah dengan observasi langsung di lapangan digunakan untuk memperoleh data kekayaan jenis lamun.Sebanyak enam jenis lamunditemukan di Pantai Mehong yaitu Cymodocea rotundata,Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, Halophilaovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium danThalassodendron ciliatum.Seluruh jenis lamun ditemukan di substart pasir bercampur pecahan karang. Parameter lingkungan salinitas, pH dan suhu tergolong baik untuk mendukung keadiran lamun.