bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in oxytocin and vasopressin receptor genes and symptom severity of autism spectrum disorder– preliminary study
Authors: Wilczyński K. , Cichoń L. , Auguściak-Duma A. , Sieroń A. , Janas-Kozik M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

One of the defining features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are deficits in social interaction and communication. Although their etiology is poorly understood, several lines of evidence from studies on humans and rodents suggest that two nonapeptides – oxytocin and vasopressin – might play a pivotal role in their development.

Objectives

To evaluate if single nucleotide polimorphisms in OXTR and AVPR1A genes are linked to the severity of symptoms in autism spectrum disorder.

Methods

The study was conducted on the group of 40 Caucasian males with average age of 14,22 (SD: 1,71) years. ADOS-2 examination was utilized for confirmation of ASD diagnosis as well as evaluation of symptoms severity in each patient. The genotyping of preselected SNPs for each gene (rs10877969; rs7294536; rs2254298; rs53576) was conducted.

Results

“CC” genotype at rs7294536 (p=0,033) was significantly associated with higher outcomes of ADOS-2 especially in terms of social affect. In case of oxytocin receptor gene, frequency of “AA”/”AG” genotype at rs2254298 equaled 100% and of “AA”/”AG” genotype at rs53576 equaled 85% of the study group (expected “A” allele frequency in neurotypical European population was respectively 11% and 35% according to 1000Genomes database). For rs10877969 prevalence of “CC”/”CT” genotype equaled 95% while expected frequency of “C” allele in neurotypical European population was 13%.

Conclusions

Overrepresentation of minor alleles at rs2254298, rs53576 and rs10877969 in patients with ASD might indicate their link to development of ASD. Furthermore, significant association between minor allele at rs7294536 and symptoms severity suggest potential role of arginine-vasopressin receptor deficiency in clinical picture of ASD.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mentalization in developmental age’s eating disorders: Comparison between anorexia nervosa and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
Authors: Gigliotti F. , Basile C. , Colaiori M. , Terrinoni A. , Ardizzone I. , Santo F. Di
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) are two primary restrictive eating disorders described in DSM-5, characterized both of them by insufficient food intake. This behavior In ARFID is not driven by weight and shape concerns that tipify AN. While there are several studies that highlight the presence of mentalizing difficulties in AN, there are still no data about mentalizing profile in ARFID.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to better characterize the mentalizing profile of AN and ARFID children and adolescent.

Methods

Two groups of AN or ARFID outpatients (15+15), aged 6 to 18 years, were assessed by Alexythimia Questionnaire for Children (AQC) and Toronto Alexythimia Scale-20 (TAS-20) to evaluate alexythimia; by Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Basic Empathy Scale (BES) to assess empathy; by NEPSY-II social perception subtests to evaluate Theory of Mind and Emotion recognition. Exclusion criteria were the presence of intellectual disability, pervasive developmental disorders and binge eating behavior (eating disorder other than AN or ARFID).

Results

Preliminary results showed different mentalizing profiles between ARFID and AN patients, with differences in the score for affective empathy, lower in ARFID than in AN patients while the score for alexythimia traits resulted higher in AN population.

Conclusions

By our results, mentalization impairment appeared trans-diagnostic across several eating disorders. This first result should be further improved to better analyze this construct in order to develop effective clinical intervention to improve the subject’s affective regulation.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Safety of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19
Authors: Ostuzzi G. , Papola D. , Gastaldon C. , Barbui C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

People with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may frequently require treatment with psychotropic medications, but the underlying medical condition and possible interaction with medical treatments might pose serious safety issues.

Objectives

To review the direct and indirect evidence on the safety of psychotropic drugs in people with COVID-19 and provide practical recommendations for frontline clinicians.

Methods

An international, multi-disciplinary working group was established with the aim of producing evidence-based recommendations on the management of psychotropic medications in people with COVID-19, following the WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines methodology in the context of a public health emergency. Evidence retrieved was focused on the risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, infective, hemostatic, and consciousness alterations related to the use of psychotropic medications. Furthermore, drug-drug interactions between psychotropic and medical treatments used in people with COVID-19 was reviewed and critically discussed by the working group.

Results

The analysis of available evidence, although indirect, showed that all classes of psychotropic medications might carry relevant safety risks for people with COVID-19. The working group produced a set of 12 recommendations to support clinicians in the assessment of the anticipated risk of psychotropic-related unfavourable events, and how to practically manage this risk, including when it is appropriate to avoid, withdraw, switch, or adjust the dose of the medication.

Conclusions

The present evidence-based recommendations will improve the quality of psychiatric care in people with COVID-19, allowing an appropriate management of the medical condition without worsening the psychiatric condition and vice versa.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Maintaining therapeutic continuity in adolescent psychiatric day hospital programs during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Vita G. De , Terrinoni A. , Santo F. Di , Calderoni D. , Rainò E. , Anichini A. , Ferrara M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 social lockdown imposed important limitation to non-emergency health care services in Italy, between March and May 2020, with many difficulties in the mental health assistance of those chronic conditions needing a continuative therapeutic support.

Objectives

Our study aimed to describe how therapeutic activities have been carried on by remote services in two Adolescent Psychiatric Day Hospital Units (Rome and Turin) and the outcome of these assistance interventions in youths with subacute psychopathology.

Methods

The patient cohort includes 162 adolescents (12-19 years old; QI>70) DH outpatients presenting a complete clinical and neuropsychiatric assessment before the lockdown. During the several phases of COVID-19 quarantine all patients were monitored and supported by telemedicine interventions. All data were recorded and standardized every 15 days: symptom severity was rated by global severity (CGI-S) and stress level by self-reported measures of stress (IES-R).

Results

Among patients, CGI score remained stable, IES-R score declined over time: higher IES-R score was significantly associated with female gender and but no differences was observed related with the primary diagnosis. 5 patients presented a clinical acute state needing a hospitalization. The rate of hospitalization was not significantly different compared with the rate observed in the same period of 2019.

Conclusions

In youth with psychopathological conditions, remote assistance for psychiatric cares resulted effective and it was associated with a clinical stability with decreasing stress levels.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on suicides in portugal during the emergency state
Authors: Ramos S. Freitas , Vaz Soares M.I. Fonseca Marinho , Correia J. Martins , Jesus B. , Cruz E Sousa D. , Mendes J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is well documented. Portugal entered the emergency state on 19th march due to rising numbers of infected patients. The emergency state introduced regulatory measures that restricted people’s movements, applied a curfew, and closed most non-essential spaces and activities, such as shops and religious celebrations.

Objectives

To evaluate the rates of suicides during the emergency state in Portugal.

Methods

We obtained the number of probable suicides during 19th march and 2nd may 2020, 2019 and 2018 from SICO/eVM (Real Time Mortality Electronic Surveillance). This system is used for health planning in Portugal and provides provisory data which is updated every 10 minutes. ExcelÒ was used for the statistical analysis.

Results

During the Emergency State in Portugal there were 57 probable suicides. Comparing to the same period in 2018 and 2019, there were 62 and 70 probable suicides, respectively. Social isolation, anxiety, fear of contagion, chronic stress, and economic difficulties may lead to the development or exacerbation of depressive, anxiety, substance use, and other psychiatric disorders. Literature on suicides due to COVID-19 mention not only fear of infection, but also social isolation and distancing and economic recession as causes for suicide attempts and completions.

Conclusions

During the emergency state there was not an increase of probable suicides, compared to previous years. The greater vigilance of people’s movements may have deterred many attempts. However, policymakers and health care providers must be alert as the current psychosocial predispose to an increase in suicide rates.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Stress and anxiety among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in russia
Authors: Mosolova E. , Sosin D. , Mosolov S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Mental health of medical workers treating patients with COVID-19 is an issue of increasing concern worldwide, since previous epidemics have shown high levels of anxiety and stress in front-line healthcare professionals. The available data on stress and anxiety symptoms among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 are relatively limited and have not been evaluated in Russia yet.

Objectives

To evaluate stress and anxiety symptoms among healthcare workers directly involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19 during the peak of disease outbreak in Russia.

Methods

The study was a cross-sectional hospital-based anonymous on-line survey in May 2020 of 1,090 healthcare workers practicing treatment of patients with COVID-19. Stress and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Russian versions of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic scale (SAVE-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of different variables.

Results

The median scores on the GAD-7 and SAVE-9 were 5 and 14, respectively. 49.1% respondents had moderate and 21.9% had severe anxiety according to SAVE-9. 12.3% had severe anxiety, 13.2% had moderate according to GAD-7. Female gender and younger age were associated with higher level of anxiety according to regression model.

Conclusions

Our study has shown that healthcare workers in Russia practicing treatment of patients with COVID-19 reported high rates of stress and anxiety similar to other countries. Female gender, younger age and being a physician were associated with higher levels of anxiety. These results demonstrate the importance of supportive programs for health care workers fighting COVID-19.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
I-mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (i-MBCT) in the treatment of COVID-19 related adjustment disorder. a RCT study with active control group
Authors: Holas P.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Adjustment disorder (AD) is described as a maladaptive reaction to an identifiable psychosocial stressor/s that usually emerges within a month after the onset of the stressor. With all uncertainty, fears and disorientation, it’s no surprise that many people have developed an AD linked to the sudden changes brought about by COVID-19, such as threat to life, imposed restrictions, and the associated changes. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been found to be effective for depression and anxiety problems, little is known, however, about its efficacy for adjustment disorder.

Objectives

The aim of the current research was to evaluate if 4 weeks long, modified internet-delivered MBCT can reduce symptoms of Covid-19 related AD.

Methods

438 individuals with a diagnosis of AD were recruited to take part in the study. They were randomly assigned to i-MBCT, i-progressive muscle relaxation training (i-PMR), and Waiting List (WL). Assessments with questionnaires evaluating AD (ADMN-20), depression (PHQ-9, HADS-D), and anxiety (HADS-A, GAD-7) were filled at baseline, 4-week, and 1-month post-randomization. 142 individuals completed baseline and 4 week assessment (i-MBCT, n= 34; i-PMR, n= 36 and WL, n=72).

Results

We found a significant reduction in AD symptoms following the i-MBCT group, whereas no change was found in both control conditions. While a decrease in depressive and anxiety was found in both i-MBCT and i-PMR groups, the greatest reduction has been observed in i-MBCT.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings suggest that i-MBCT can be an effective intervention in treating Covid-19 related AD, but more studies are needed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Adolescent oral contraceptive use and future major depressive disorder
Authors: Wit A. De , Anderl C. , Giltay E. , Oldehinkel T. , Chen F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Previously reported associations between oral contraceptives (OCs) use and depression have been conflicting. Insight into the impact of analytical choices on the association may help to reconcile previous heterogeneous findings.

Objectives

We aimed to examine the association between adolescent OC use and subsequent depression risk in early adulthood analyzing all theoretically justifiable models.

Methods

Women from the prospective cohort study Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) were included in this study. All justifiable associations between adolescent OC use (ages 16-19 years) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in early adulthood (ages 20-25 years) as assessed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV oriented Lifetime Depression Assessment Self-Report and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview were tested.

Results

A total of 818 analytical models were analyzed in 534 adolescent OC users and 191 nonusers. Overall, there was a tentative association of adolescent OC use and an episode of MDD in early adulthood (median odds ratio [OR] median=1.41; ORmin=1.08; ORmax=2.18, permutation testing p-value 1 = .052, and p-value 2 = .046), which was primarily driven by the group of young women with no history of MDD (ORmedian=1.72; ORmin=1.21; ORmax=2.18, both permutation testing p-values = .02).

Conclusions

Adolescent OC use was associated with an increased risk for experiencing an episode of MDD, but only among women with no history of MDD in adolescence. Understanding the potential side effects of OCs will help women and their doctors make informed choices when deciding among possible methods of birth control.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Use of pharmacotherapies for treatment resistant depression in finland: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Taipale H. , Lähteenvuo M. , Tanskanen A. , Rannanpää S. , Tiihonen J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There is a lack of knowledge on utilized pharmacotherapies for treatment resistant depression (TRD).

Objectives

To investigate the courses of treatment of TRD.

Methods

All patients aged 16-65 years and diagnosed with depression in Finland during 2004-2016 were included (identified from nationwide registers for inpatient and specialized outpatient care, sick leaves and disability pensions). New antidepressant users were identified with six-month washout period and followed up for two years to observe the possible emergence of TRD, which was defined as initiation of a third treatment after having two failed pharmacological treatments with adequate duration. Pharmacological treatments were analyzed using PRE2DUP-method.

Results

During follow-up, 177,144 persons had their first registered depression (mean age:39.5, 62.5% women). Of them, 10.9% (N=19,322) met TRD criteria. Among the TRD patients, most common first and second lines antidepressants were as follows: SSRIs (44.6%), mirtazapine (19.0%) and SNRIs (16.5%). As the third line of treatment, 44.2% of TRD patients had antidepressant monotherapy, 32.1% a combination of ≥2 antidepressants, 15.8% antipsychotic or mood stabilizer augmentation and an antidepressant, 4.9% both combination of antidepressants and an augmentation with a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic, 2.7% antipsychotic or mood stabilizer monotherapy and 0.3% ECT monotherapy. Of TRD patients, 36.2% (N=6985) progressed to the fourth line of treatment and most common treatments were antidepressant monotherapy (37.5%), antidepressant combinations (30.8%) and augmentation (20.3%).

Conclusions

Although antidepressant combination and augmentation strategies became more frequent, antidepressant monotherapies were still the most common third and fourth lines of depression treatment.

Disclosure

The study was funded by Janssen and SR is an employee of Janssen.
Screening for depression: The added value of actigraphy and smartphone-based intensive sampling of depressive affect and behaviors
Authors: Minaeva O. , Riese H. , Lamers F. , Antypa N. , Wichers M. , Booij S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In many countries, depressed individuals often first visit primary care settings for consultation, but a considerable number of clinically depressed patients remains unidentified. Introducing additional screening tools may facilitate the diagnostic process.

Objectives

This study aims to examine whether Experience Sampling Method (ESM)-based measures of depressive affect and behaviors can discriminate depressed from non-depressed individuals. In addition, the added value of actigraphy-based measures was examined.

Methods

We used data from two samples to develop and validate prediction models. The development dataset included 14 days of ESM and continuous actigraphy of currently depressed (n=43) and non-depressed individuals (n=82). The validation dataset included 30 days of ESM and continuous actigraphy of currently depressed (n=27) and non-depressed individuals (n=27). Backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were applied to build the prediction models. The performance of the models was assessed with the goodness of fit indices, calibration curves, and discriminative ability (AUC, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve).

Results

In the development dataset, the discriminative ability was good for the actigraphy model (AUC=0.790) and excellent for the ESM (AUC=0.991) and combined-domains model (AUC=0.993). In the validation dataset, the discriminative ability was reasonable for the actigraphy model (AUC=0.648) and excellent for the ESM (AUC=0.891) and combined-domains model (AUC=0.892).

Conclusions

ESM is a good diagnostic predictor and is easy to calculate, and, therefore, holds promise for implementation in clinical practice. Actigraphy shows no added value to ESM as a diagnostic predictor, but might still be useful when active monitoring with ESM is not feasible.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Eating disturbances in subjects with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disabilities
Authors: Bertino V. , Demartini B. , Nisticò V. , Tedesco R. , Faggioli R. , Gambini O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There is a growing interest in the relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Eating Disorders (ED), two relatively common conditions lying on a spectrum from mild to severe clinical features. However, only limited data are available about pathological eating behaviours throughout adults on the autistic spectrum.

Objectives

The aim of the present study is to assess dysfunctional eating behaviours, including ED manifestations and ASD-related eating disturbances, in a population of adults with ASD with no intellectual disabilities.

Methods

We recruited 115 adults on the autistic spectrum, with no intellectual disability and 114 neurotypical adults (NA). Participants completed the “Eating Attitude Test” (EAT-26), to measure symptoms and concerns characteristic of ED, and the “Swedish Eating Assessment for Autism Spectrum Disorders” (SWEAA), to assess eating behaviours frequently seen within the autistic spectrum.

Results

Subjects with ASD scored significantly higher than NA at the EAT-26 and at the SWEAA. Women reported higher scores than men. Moreover, an interaction effect Group*Gender emerged at the EAT-26 only, with women with ASD scoring higher than men with and than NA overall. ASD subjects scored higher than NA at the EAT-26 subscales Dieting and Bulimia. Furthermore, the higher the SWEAA total score was, the more likely it was that a subject on the autistic spectrum would score above the cut-off of 20 at the EAT-26.

Conclusions

These results indicate that adults with ASD without intellectual disability presented not only a higher prevalence of eating disturbances typical of autistic spectrum, but also other ED symptoms in comparison to NA.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Not everyone is the same: Latent profile analysis of food addiction, personality traits and loneliness among young adults
Authors: Charzynska E. , Atroszko P. , Brytek-Matera A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Food addiction (FA) has been found to correlate with personality traits and psychosocial factors (Zhao et al., 2018). However, the vast majority of studies on this subject use the variable-oriented approach, which assumes that relationships between specific variables are identical in a given population (Collins & Lanza, 2010).

Objectives

The main aim of this study was to assess the heterogeneity of young adults with respect to food addiction, personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness and emotional stability) and loneliness. The secondary aim was to examine the relationships between profile membership and well-being.

Methods

The sample consisted of 1,157 young adults (58.1% women). The Yale Food Addiction Scale, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory and the Short Loneliness Scale were used in the present study. Various aspects of well-being were included (e.g. quality of life). Latent Profile Analysis was performed twice: in the full sample, and in the subsample of individuals with increased FA (defined as z-score ≥ 1; n = 213).

Results

Four profiles were identified both in the full sample and in the subsample. The best functioning was observed in individuals who scored high on extraversion and low on loneliness, despite their relatively high levels of FA. Young adults who scored high on FA and loneliness, and low on extraversion, conscientiousness and emotional stability, were more likely to have the worst functioning.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that using the person-oriented approach may expand our knowledge on the role of personality traits and psychosocial factors in determining the effects of FA on well-being.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
COVID-19 pandemic and eating disorders: What impact on specific and general psychopathology?
Authors: Barone E. , Marciello F. , Cascino G. , Abbate-Daga G. , Anselmetti S. , Baiano M. , Balestrieri M. , Bertelli S. , Carpiniello B. , Castellini G. , Corrivetti G. , De Giorgi S. , Favaro A. , Gramaglia C. , Marzola E. , Monaco F. , Oriani M.G. , Federica P. , Rania M. , Renna C. , Ricca V. , Salvo P. , Segura-Garcia C. , Scarabel F. , Todisco P. , Volpe U. , Zeppegno P. , Monteleone P. , Monteleone A.M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting containment measures, such as “lockdown” and “social distancing”, have had important consequences on people’s mental and physical health.

Objectives

We aimed to study the effect of social isolation and subsequent re- exposure and eventual changes in general and ED-specific psychopathology in people with Eating Disorders (EDs).

Methods

Three-hundred twelve Italian people with EDs (179 Anorexia Nervosa, 83 Bulimia Nervosa, 48 Binge Eating Disorder and 22 Other Specific Feeding Eating Disorder) were asked to fill-in an online survey to explore several dimensions such as: anxiety, depression, panic, insomnia, suicide ideation, stress, post-traumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Differences in ED specific and general symptoms among the 3 investigated time periods (before, during and after the end of lockdown) were assessed with a one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Subsequently, ED diagnosis was introduced as covariate in the analysis in order to investigate the possible contribution on psychopathological changes.

Results

ED core symptoms increased during the lockdown but most of them returned to pre-COVID19 levels at re-opening. The severity of general psychopathology also increased during the lockdown and persisted high in the following phase, except for depression and suicide ideation. None of this symptoms was affected by ED diagnosis, participants’age and illness duration.

Conclusions

People with EDs showed worsening of both general and specific psychopathology; moreover, changes in general psychopathology persisted in the re-opening period suggesting a higher stress vulnerability in this kind of patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Keyword

COVID19 and Eating Disorders
Psychiatric morbidity among undergraduate students of university of Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria
Authors: Buhari O. , Ogunmodede A.J. , Bolarinwa O. , Adegunloye O. , Adegoke A. , Oguntayo R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Nigerian tertiary education system admits mostly teenagers and young adults from different ethno-religious and family backgrounds, some of whom may have inherent risks and predisposition to mental illness. They then undergo stressful conditions related to the university life such as long durations of lectures, over-crowding, and lack of social amenities, haphazard lecture schedules as well as incessant industrial strike actions of academic and non- academic staff. In spite of these, there appears to be few studies on the burden of emotional and mental disorders among Nigerian University students, and none was cited suggesting interventions that may be appropriate.

Objectives

The objectives of the study is to determine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and its associated factors among undergraduate students of Univesity of Ilorin

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study using multi staged systematic randomization. A self-administered socidemographic questionnaire and the 12 item general health questionnaire (GHQ -12) was administered on 3,300 students.

Results

Psychiatric morbidity was found to be 23.6% of the 3179 analyzable returned questionnaires. Factors found to be significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity included female gender, relationship with parents, parental employment status and family structure. Students on scholarship were more likely to have mental illness. Other associated factors include whether course of study was the preferred one and relationships with peers and lecturers on campus. About 46.6% of the students were willing to have internet based mental health intervention programmes.

Conclusions

The data obtained from this study is relevant for the formation of mental health promotion and prevention programs on our campus.

Disclosure

this study is part of the first phase of a three phase study. it aims to explore the factors associated with psychiatric morbidity among University student as a precursor for determining appropriate mental health interventions. it was partly funded by the
Role of multidimensional evaluations in the support of school trajectories of children with mild to moderate intellectual disability
Authors: Touil N. , Curie A. , Reymond M.-P. , Subtil F. , Roche S. , Gaillard S. , Kassai B. , Portes V. Des
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There is a lack of objective evaluation with validated tools in school children with intellectual disability (ID). Standardized and validated tools, allowing children evaluations and follow-up, exist but are poorly used. Our action-study wishes to develop evaluation practices to better adapt to the specific needs of children with ID.

Objectives

We evaluated the multidimensional profiles (cognitive, adaptative and behavioral) of children with ID attending regular or adapted school system.

Methods

School children, aged 5 to 13 years old, with mild to moderate ID were enrolled in this French cohort study. The multidimensional evaluation consisted of a school evaluation grid proposed by the French educational system, a scale of school needs (GEVA-sco), an intellectual assessment (WISC IV), a behavior adaptative scale (Vineland II) and a behavior rating scale (the French Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (Nisonger CBRF)). The results of this multidimensional assessment were analyzed.

Results

Between November 2014 and June 2016, 121 children were enrolled, 3 children were lost to follow-up. Analysis was performed on 118 children. Seventy one (60.2 %) were male. Fifty-two (44.1%) were aged 6 to 9 years. Sixty-eight (57.6%) children were in regular schools and 50 (42.4%) in adapted schools. Children in regular schools had a higher mean IQ score (57.5) than children in adapted schools (43.5). The adaptative behavior profile of children in regular school is less severe than in children in adapted schools.

Conclusions

Multidimensional evaluations allow optimizing and personalizing support. Evaluation of adaptative behavior is more informative than cognitive profile which does not differentiate between children skills

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Multimodal magnetic resonance spectroscopy and surface-based morphometry study of individuals at ultra-high-risk for psychosis
Authors: Tomyshev A. , Menshchikov P. , Omelchenko M. , Kaleda V. , Kupriyanov D. , Lebedeva I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Studies examining gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glutamate in ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) have shown conflicting results, and a number of multimodal studies examining associations between metabolite and structural characteristics is very limited.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate potential associations between GABA and glutamate levels and cortical thickness in the frontal lobe in UHR individuals and healthy controls (HC).

Methods

20 male UHR individuals and 19 healthy controls (HC) underwent structural MRI and MR spectroscopy at 3T Philips scanner. T1-weighted images were processed via FreeSurfer 6.0 to quantify cortical thickness for selected frontal regions labeled according to Desikan atlas. MEGA-PRESS acquisitions were analyzed with jMRUi (ver. 5.1 Alpha), levels of GABA and glutamate were calculated as ratios to creatine + phosphocreatine.

Results

The study revealed: 1) GABA/Cr ratios reduction in the left frontal lobe (p=0.001) which was not attributable to antipsychotic medication; 2) cortical thickness reductions in the left pars orbitalis (p=0.005) (the anterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus) in the UHR individuals compared to HC. No significant correlations between GABA/Cr ratios and cortical thickness were identified in both groups.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that the UHR state is associated with altered GABA levels and cortical thickness reductions in the prefrontal cortex. The results also show that GABA levels are not directly related to cortical abnormalities, suggesting that altered metabolite levels may be associated with a complex system of structural and functional impairments, rather than directly correlating with structural changes in separate cortical regions. The work was supported by RFBR grant 19-29-10040.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Should schizoaffective disorder be diagnosed cross-sectionally (ICD-11) instead of longitudinally (DSM-5)?
Authors: Falkai P.
Published: February 2022

Several changes to the classification of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders have been made to increase the reliability, clinical use and validity of the diagnostic classification which are considered here. A diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder would only be made in ICD-11 when the definitional requirement of schizophrenia is met concurrently with mood symptoms that meet the definitional requirements of a moderate or severe depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode. This requirement is more restrictive compared to ICD-10, which just required the presence of symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorder. The total duration requirement would be 4 weeks. A cross-sectional approach was maintained in the ICD-11 for schizoaffective disorders as there is no evidence on how a longitudinal “lifetime” criterion impacts cross-sectional inter-rater reliability, and the reliability of lifetime symptoms’ report by patients and retrospective assessment by clinicians remains unknown.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
White matter disconnection and decreased functional connectivity between orbitofrontal cortex and the contralateral temporo-occipital cortex in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Queiroz J. , Oliveira J. , Maia A. , Fonseca C. , Quendera T. , Oliveira-Maia A. , Barahona-Correa B.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 2-3% of the general population. The neurobiology of OCD has been linked to dysfunction of cortico-striatal circuits connecting the orbitofrontal (OFC) to the striatum. Recently, this loop has become an approved target for non-invasive neuromodulatory treatment of OCD.

Objectives

To explore structural and functional connectivity of the OFC in OCD subjects and healthy controls.

Methods

14 OCD patients and 12 age/sex-matched controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (3T-Philips scanner) for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). DTI images were brain extracted and corrected for movement and eddy currents. A diffusion tensor model was fitted to each voxel and used to generate Fractional Anisotropy (FA) maps. Voxel-wise statistical analysis of FA was performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. RsFC images were preprocessed and seed-based correlation (SBC) analysis was performed using Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI.

Results

We found decreased values of FA in the body of the Corpus Callosum bilaterally (MNI_coordinates: x= 16, y= -16, z= 33 and x= -19, y= -16, z= 42) and left superior longitudinal fasciculus in OCD patients (fig 1, left), as well as decreased rsFC of the right superior orbitofrontal seed with the left inferior frontal gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus (fig 2, right).

Conclusions

Using an exploratory multimodal approach we found evidence of abnormal structural and functional long-range connectivity of the OFC in OCD. If confirmed in a larger sample these connectivity abnormalities could be explored as potential predictors of response to OFC-targeted non-invasive neuromodulatory interventions.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Pet imaging of receptor occupancy
Authors: Knudsen G.
Published: February 2022

The discovery and development of drugs for treatment of brain disorders is an extremely challenging process requiring large resources, timelines, and associated costs. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) enables in vivo neuroimaging of various components of receptors, transporters, enzymatic activity and other types of proteins. PET also allows for studying the response to physiological or drug interventions in experimental medicine studies. Moreover, PET neuroimaging can assist to establish diagnoses in certain brain disorders and thereby improve patient selection and stratification for clinical trials. Over the past couple of decades, PET neuroimaging has thus become a central component of the evaluation of novel drugs for brain disorders, enabling decision-making in phase I studies, where early discharge of risk provides increased confidence to progress a candidate to a later phase testing at the right dose level or alternatively to kill a compound through failure to meet key criteria. The so called "3 pillars" of drug survival, namely; tissue exposure, target engagement, and pharmacologic activity, are particularly well suited for evaluation by PET imaging. Molecular neuroimaging has thus increasingly established itself as a unique tool that not only can demonstrate drug penetration and kinetics in the brain, but also identify pharmacodynamic effects, e.g., changes in glucose metabolism. It can also quantitate therapeutic action in vivo by determining, e.g., drug occupancy whereby the relevant dose ranges to be used in clinical efficacy trials can be determined.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Pharmacogenetics and adhd treatment outcomes in the danish population-based IPSYCH sample
Authors: Lunenburg C. , Ishtiak-Ahmed K. , Thirstrup J. , Gasse C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Pharmacogenetics (PGx) studies genetic variance and related differences in drug outcomes. The aim of PGx testing is to increase therapy efficacy and safety, by applying e.g. dose adjustments in patients with a specific geno- or phenotype. PGx guidelines for psychotropic drugs are available (PGx drugs), including atomoxetine used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In Denmark, broad implementation of PGx is currently still low, possibly due to the lack of population-based studies investigating the real-world impact of PGx variability.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate the association of PGx variability (patients’ genotype/phenotype) in users of atomoxetine and different treatment outcomes in a large population-based sample of individuals with ADHD.

Methods

This study will use data of the large Danish population-based iPSYCH case-cohort study sample including information on genetic variants, prescription drug use and outcome data, e.g. psychiatric and somatic hospitalizations and death. The study population comprises all individuals diagnosed with ADHD born 1981-2005 with at least one prescription for atomoxetine between 1995 and 2016. All individuals will be categorized according to their CYP2D6 phenotypes. We will perform Cox regression analysis to estimate the hazard ratios comparing the rates of the different outcomes in people with different phenotypes adjusted for a number of confounding factors.

Results

We have identified approximately 20,000 individuals with ADHD, of whom an estimated 10-20% have filled at least one prescription of atomoxetine.

Conclusions

We expect results in the beginning of 2021.

Disclosure

We thank the iPSYCH consortium, in specific the iPSYCH PI’s (Merete Nordentoft, Anders Børglum, Preben B. Mortensen, Ole Mors, Thomas Werge and David M. Hougaard). The iPSYCH project is funded by the Lundbeck Foundation Denmark and the universities and un
Can atypical antipsychotic drugs cause hepatotoxicity?
Authors: André R. , Sereijo C. , Abreu M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Neuropsychiatric drugs account for 16% of drugs that can lead to hepatotoxicity and psychiatric patients can have multiple comorbidities that can increase the incidence of liver disorders such as alcoholism, drug abuse and polymedication. The continuous use of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAD) has raised questions over their tolerability over endocrine, metabolic and cardiovascular systems. They are also associated with mild elevation of aminotransferases and occasionally cause idiosyncratic liver injury with varying phenotypes. Hepatotoxicity is defined based on biological parameters such as elevation of alkaline phosphatase enzyme, SGPT, SGOT and GGT or clinical abnormalities (jaundice and hepatitis).

Objectives

This work reviewed the current available evidence on the hepatic damage produced by AAD.

Methods

Non-systematic review of the literature with selection of scientific articles published in the past 10 years; by searching Pubmed and Medscape databases using the combination of MeSH descriptors. The following MeSH terms were used: atypical antipsychotic drugs; hepatotoxicity; hepatic; Olanzapine; Clozapine; Risperidone; Aripiprazol; Paliperidone.

Results

Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs are generally well tolerated and hepatic alterations are in general very low or rare. The cases published were observed with Clozapine, Olanzapine and Risperidone. Atypical Antipsychotic drugs have a better profile than Chlorpromazine.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the hepatic injury generally occurs within the first weeks of treatment and is usually reversible with drug withdrawal. Hepatic check-ups may be relevant, especially in the beginning of treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Critical analysis of the electroconvulsive therapy unit of centro hospitalar lisboa norte
Authors: Da Silva C. Perestrelo , Cordeiro A.C. , Chendo I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Electroconvulsivotherapy (ECT) one of the oldest treatments in biological psychiatry, is used nowaday mainly due to safety, efficacy and tolerability. Can be first-line treatment for mood disorders with catatonic or psychotic symptoms, and a second-line tretament to pharmacoherapy resistance or intolerable side effects.

Objectives

To analyze the number of ECTs done, the number of patients submitted to this procedure in the ECT Unit in Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHULN) comparing their diagnosis. To evaluate the number of patients that underwent maintenance and/or continuation treatment.

Methods

Retrospective study involving patients submitted to ECT from 1 of January to 31 of December of 2019. A literature review exploring the use of ECT in psychiatry was conducted.

Results

During the 12-month period were performed 179 sessions, corresponding to 18 patients. The diagnosis were schizophrenia, 55%, bipolar disorder, 39% and 6% with major depression. Only 28% underwent continuation and/or maintenance treatment.

Conclusions

In this sample, of those diagnosed with schizophrenia, 90% were submitted to ECT due to oral therapy failure and 10% due to catatonia. Of those diagnosed with bipolar disorder 42.9% had a depressive episode and of these 14.2% had psychotic symptoms. This Unit is integrated in the biggest hospital of Portugal, it is import to understand the small number of patients submitted to this treatment and identify factors that may be preventing the referral of patients to this treatment. Clinicians may have the impression that ECT should be left as a last resort treatment which may explain the low percentage of major depression among our patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Ethno-psychopharmacological aspects of treatment response in patients with delusional syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Guàrdia A. , González-Rodríguez A. , Seeman M.V. , Pedrero A. Alvarez , Betriu M. , Monreal J.A. , Vidal D. Palao , Labad J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Treatment response in schizophrenia can be influenced by cultural and ethno-biological factors. However, in delusional disorder (DD), these potential influences have been poorly investigated.

Objectives

This review aims to synthesize what is known about the influence that cultural and biological factors may have on treatment response in DD.

Methods

A systematic review was performed on PubMed from inception to 2020 in keeping with PRISMA directives. Search terms: [(cultural OR ethnic* OR ethno*) AND (treatment OR therap* OR antipsychotic response) AND (delusional disorder)]. We included all studies whose objective was to explore ethno-psychopharmacological aspects of treatment response in DD.

Results

A total of 182 papers were retrieved. Four studies tested ethno-biological factors and 10 reported cultural aspects of treatment response in DD. 1. Cultural hypothesis: 3 studies reported cultural differences in diagnostic practices; in 2 studies, culturally-determined long durations of untreated psychosis (DUP) and comorbidity with mood disorders was associated with response to both antipsychotics (AP) and antidepressants (AD); 3 studies reported that response and AP dose were similar among cultures and that culturally-sensitive psychotherapy improved adherence; 2 studies showed that, where women had poor access to health care, mortality rates were high. 2. Ethno-biological hypothesis: 1 study reviewed moderators and mediators of ethno-specific treatment response; 1 study presented a culture-bound syndrome (Taijin kyofusho) for which AD were found effective; 2 studies in diverse populations found that DD and schizophrenia were both significantly linked to HLA genes.

Conclusions

The sociodemographic profile of DD is consistent across various cultures and, when treated appropriately, responds, but in an ethno-culturally-specific manner.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Efficacy and safety of lurasidone in adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia: Pooled analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-week studies
Authors: Calisti F. , Costamagna I. , Hsu J. , Tocco M. , Pikalov A. , Goldman R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Onset of schizophrenia commonly occurs during late adolescence or early adulthood and is often characterized by greater symptom severity and impairment.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lurasidone in the treatment of acute schizophrenia in adolescents and young adults.

Methods

The 4 studies in this pooled analysis used similar study designs. Patients (ages 13-25 years) were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment with once-daily lurasidone (37 mg, 74 mg, 111 mg, 148 mg). The primary outcome was endpoint change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score; secondary measures included the Clinical Global Impression, Severity scale (CGI-S).

Results

The safety population consisted of 537 patients; 79.1% completed the studies. Treatment with lurasidone was significant (P<0.001) at Week 6 endpoint for change in the PANSS total score, with higher effect sizes (ES) at higher doses (37 mg, 0.53; 74 mg, 0.57; 111 mg, 0.67; 148 mg, 1.35); significance was also observed for change in the CGI-S (37 mg, 0.51; 74 mg, 0.49; 111 mg, 0.57; 148 mg, 1.75). For lurasidone (combined doses), 3 adverse events occurred with a frequency ≥5% (nausea, 13.5%; somnolence, 12.1%; akathisia, 10.1%); 4.8% of patients discontinued due to an adverse event. At LOCF-endpoint, 3.6% of patients had weight gain ≥7%, and 1.5% had weight loss ≥7%. Minimal median changes were observed at endpoint in metabolic lab values.

Conclusions

In adolescents and young adults with schizophrenia, treatment with lurasidone in doses of 37-148 mg/d was a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment.

Disclosure

Presenter is an employee of Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. The study summarized in this Abstract was supported by Funding from Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.