bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperpolarized 3He magnetic resonance imaging-derived pulmonary pressure-volume curves
Authors: Choy Stephen , Wheatley Andrew , McCormack David G. , Parraga Grace
Published: June 2010

We aimed to evaluate the potential for the use of hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) surrogates of alveolar size, together with literature-based morphological parameters in a theoretical model of lung mechanics to simulate noninvasive transpulmonary pressure-volume curves. Fourteen ex-smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ( n = 8 stage II, n = 6 stage III/IV COPD) and five age-matched never-smokers, provided written, informed consent and were evaluated at baseline and 26 ± 2 mo later ( n = 15 subjects) using plethysmography, spirometry, and 3He MRI at 3.0 T. Total lung capacity, residual volume, and literature-based morphological parameters were used with alveolar volumes derived from 3He ADC to simulate noninvasive pressure-volume curves. The resultant anterior-posterior transpulmonary pressure gradient was significantly decreased for stage II COPD ( P < 0.01) and stage III COPD subjects ( P < 0.001) compared with healthy volunteers. Both COPD subgroups showed increased alveolar radius compared with healthy subjects ( P < 0.01, stage II COPD; P < 0.001, stage III COPD). In addition, surface area and surface tension were significantly increased in stage III COPD compared with healthy volunteers ( P < 0.01). These results suggest that 3He MRI provides a potential noninvasive approach to evaluate lung mechanics regionally and further supports the use of ADC values as a regional noninvasive probe of pulmonary microstructure and compliance.
Placement of Covered Self-Expandable Metal Biliary Stent for the Treatment of Severe Postsphincterotomy Bleeding: Outcomes of Two Cases
Authors: Di Pisa Marta , Tarantino Ilaria , Barresi Luca , Cintorino Davide , Traina Mario
Published: June 2010

We report two cases of severe postsphincterotomy bleeding in an adult and a pediatric patient treated, as first options, with available techniques to induce hemostasis without success. Because of persisting bleeding, an expandable, partially covered, metallic stent was placed into the choledocho to mechanically compress the bleeding site. The bleeding was stopped. In the following days, both patients remained hemodynamically stable with no further episodes of bleeding. We believe that the application of a covered metallic stent in a severe postendoscopic-sphincterotomy bleeding, refractory to injection therapy, should be considered to avoid additional interventions, which carry a higher risk of complications, even in pediatric patients.
Motion Intention Analysis-Based Coordinated Control for Amputee-Prosthesis Interaction
Authors: Wang Fei , Wen Shiguang , Wu Chengdong , Zhang Yuzhong , Li Jincheng
Published: June 2010

To study amputee-prosthesis (AP) interaction, a novel reconfigurable biped robot was designed and fabricated. In homogeneous configuration, two identical artificial legs (ALs) were used to simulate the symmetrical lower limbs of a healthy person. Linear inverted pendulum model combining with ZMP stability criterion was used to generate the gait trajectories of ALs. To acquire interjoint coordination for healthy gait, rate gyroscopes were mounted on CoGs of thigh and shank of both legs. By employing principal component analysis, the measured angular velocities were processed and the motion synergy was obtained in the final. Then, one of two ALs was replaced by a bionic leg (BL), and the biped robot was changed into heterogeneous configuration to simulate the AP coupling system. To realize symmetrical stable walking, master/slave coordinated control strategy is proposed. According to information acquired by gyroscopes, BL recognized the motion intention of AL and reconstructed its kinematic variables based on interjoint coordination. By employing iterative learning control, gait tracking of BL to AL was archived. Real environment robot walking experiments validated the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Diabetic Neuropathy: A Clinical and Neuropathological Study of 107 Patients
Authors: Younger David S.
Published: June 2010

One hundred seven patients were retrospectively studied from 1992 to 2002 with diabetic neuropathy that underwent peripheral nerve biopsy. Nerve biopsy revealed the underlying histopathology, including cell and humoral-mediated immunological lesions in the majority of patients. When combined with clinical and laboratory studies, nerve biopsy has the potential to assist in the selection of patients who may benefit from immunomodulatory therapy.
Angiogenesis and Progression in Human Melanoma
Authors: Ria R. , Reale A. , Castrovilli A. , Mangialardi G. , Dammacco F. , Ribatti D. , Vacca A.
Published: June 2010

In tumor growth, angiogenesis, the process of new‐formation of blood vessels from pre‐existing ones, is uncontrolled and unlimited in time. The vascular phase is characterized by the new‐formation of vascular channels that enhances tumor cell proliferation, local invasion and hematogenous metastasis. Human malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic tumor with poor prognosis, and high resistance to treatment. Parallel with progression, melanoma acquires a rich vascular network, whereas an increasing number of tumor cells express the laminin receptor, which enables their adhesion to the vascular wall, favouring tumor cell extravasation and metastases. Melanoma neovascularization has been correlated with poor prognosis, overall survival, ulceration and increased rate of relapse. Secretion of various angiogenic cytokines, i.e. VEGF‐A, FGF‐2, PGF‐1 and ‐2, IL‐8, and TGF‐1 by melanoma cells promote the angiogenic switch and has been correlated to transition from the radial to the vertical growth phase, and to the metastatic phase. Moreover, melanoma cells overexpress αvβ3, αvβ5, α2β1 and α5β1 integrins and release, together with stromal cells, higher amount of metalloproteases that increasing their invasive potential and angiogenesis. Basing on these observations, different molecular targets of antiangiogenic molecules has be recognized and various antiangiogenic agents are currently in preclinical and clinical trials for melanoma.
Optimization of Training Signal Transmission for Estimating MIMO Channel under Antenna Mutual Coupling Conditions
Authors: Liu Xia , Bialkowski Marek E.
Published: June 2010

This paper reports investigations on the effect of antenna mutual coupling on performance of training-based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel estimation. The influence of mutual coupling is assessed for two training-based channel estimation methods, Scaled Least Square (SLS) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE). It is shown that the accuracy of MIMO channel estimation is governed by the sum of eigenvalues of channel correlation matrix which in turn is influenced by the mutual coupling in transmitting and receiving array antennas. A water-filling-based procedure is proposed to optimize the training signal transmission to minimize the MIMO channel estimation errors.
Quantitative Bounds for Positive Solutions of a Stević Difference Equation
Authors: Liu Wanping , Yang Xiaofan
Published: June 2010

This paper studies the behavior of positive solutions to the following particular
case of a difference equation by Stević , n ∈ ℕ0, where A,p ∈ (0, +∞), k ∈ ℕ, and presents theoretically computable explicit lower
and upper bounds for the positive solutions to this equation. Besides, a concrete
example is given to show the computing approaches which are effective for small
parameters. Some analogous results are also established for the corresponding Stević
max‐type difference equation.
Comparative Pathogenesis and Systems Biology for Biodefense Virus Vaccine Development
Authors: Bowick Gavin C. , Barrett Alan D. T.
Published: June 2010

Developing vaccines to biothreat agents presents a number of challenges for discovery, preclinical development, and licensure. The need for high containment to work with live agents limits the amount and types of research that can be done using complete pathogens, and small markets reduce potential returns for industry. However, a number of tools, from comparative pathogenesis of viral strains at the molecular level to novel computational approaches, are being used to understand the basis of viral attenuation and characterize protective immune responses. As the amount of basic molecular knowledge grows, we will be able to take advantage of these tools not only to rationally attenuate virus strains for candidate vaccines, but also to assess immunogenicity and safety in silico. This review discusses how a basic understanding of pathogenesis, allied with systems biology and machine learning methods, can impact biodefense vaccinology.
Surface Engineered Polymeric Biomaterials with Improved Biocontact Properties
Authors: Vladkova Todorka G.
Published: June 2010

We present many examples of surface engineered polymeric biomaterials with nanosize modified layers, controlled protein adsorption, and cellular interactions potentially applicable for tissue and/or blood contacting devices, scaffolds for cell culture and tissue engineering, biosensors, biological microchips as well as approaches to their preparation.
Genetics of Uveal Melanoma and Cutaneous Melanoma: Two of a Kind?
Authors: van den Bosch Thomas , Kilic Emine , Paridaens Dion , de Klein Annelies
Published: June 2010

Cutaneous melanoma and uveal melanoma both derive from melanocytes but show remarkable differences in tumorigenesis, mode of metastatic spread, genetic alterations, and therapeutic response. In this review we discuss the differences and similarities along with the genetic research techniques available and the contribution to our current understanding of melanoma. The several chromosomal aberrations already identified prove to be very strong predictors of decreased survival in CM and UM patients. Especially in UM, where the overall risk of metastasis is high (45%), genetic research might aid clinicians in selecting high‐risk patients for future systemic adjuvant therapies.
Angiosarcoma Mimicking Rhinophyma
Authors: Lo Presti Maurizio , Mazzella Caterina , Monfrecola Ambra , Falleti Jessica
Published: June 2010

We report the case of a 61‐year‐old man showing persistent erythematous macules, plaques, and partially confluent nodules with irregular borders, developed on his nose for one year. During that time the patient underwent several dermatological consultations, and all produced the same diagnosis: rhinophyma. So antibiotic and steroid treatment was carried out without any improvement while the lesions kept growing. When the patient came to our observation, physical examination revealed large, infiltrative, oedematous, erythematous plaques and rare nodules, with superficial telangiectatic vessels. Cervical lymphadenopathy was not detectable. Routine laboratory analysis was normal. Punch biopsy was performed, and histopathology and immunohistochemical studies were consistent with cutaneous angiosarcoma. This is the report of a face angiosarcoma with an unusual and very deceptive clinical presentation.
Boron Drug Delivery via Encapsulated Magnetic Nanocomposites: A New Approach for BNCT in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhu Yinghuai , Lin Yongxiang , Zhu Yi Zhun , Lu Jia , Maguire John A. , Hosmane Narayan S.
Published: June 2010

Ortho‐carborane cages have been successfully attached to modified magnetic nanoparticles via catalytic azide‐alkyne cycloadditions between 1‐R‐2‐butyl‐Ortho‐C2B10H10(R = Me, 3; Ph, 4) and propargyl group‐enriched magnetic nanoparticles. A loading amount of 9.83 mmol boron atom/g starch‐matrixed magnetic nanoparticles has been reached. The resulting nanocomposites have been found to be highly tumor‐targeted vehicles under the influence of an external magnetic field (1.14T), yielding a high boron concentration of 51.4 μg/g tumor and ratios of around 10 : 1 tumor to normal tissues.
Item Response Theory Analysis of Two Questionnaire Measures of Arthritis-Related Self-Efficacy Beliefs from Community-Based US Samples
Authors: Mielenz Thelma J. , Edwards Michael C. , Callahan Leigh F.
Published: June 2010

Using item response theory (IRT), we examined the Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-efficacy scale (RASE) collected from a People with Arthritis Can Exercise RCT (346 participants) and 2 subscales of the Arthritis Self-efficacy scale (ASE) collected from an Active Living Every Day (ALED) RCT (354 participants) to determine which one better identifies low arthritis self-efficacy in community-based adults with arthritis. The item parameters were estimated in Multilog using the graded response model. The 2 ASE subscales are adequately explained by one factor. There was evidence for 2 locally dependent item pairs; two items from these pairs were removed when we reran the model. The exploratory factor analysis results for RASE showed a multifactor solution which led to a 9-factor solution. In order to perform IRT analysis, one item from each of the 9 subfactors was selected. Both scales were effective at measuring a range of arthritis SE.
Cross-Layer Optimization of DVB-T2 System for Mobile Services
Authors: Kondrad Lukasz , Malamal Vadakital Vinod Kumar , Bouazizi Imed , Tupala Miika , Gabbouj Moncef
Published: June 2010

Mobile broadcast services have experienced a strong boost in recent years through the standardization of several mobile broadcast systems such as DVB-H, ATSC-M/H, DMB-T/H, and CMMB. However, steady need for higher quality services is projected to surpass the capabilities of the existing mobile broadcast systems. Consequently, work on new generations of mobile broadcast technology is starting under the umbrella of different industry consortia, such as DVB. In this paper, we address the question of how DVB-T2 transmission can be optimized for improved mobile broadcast reception. We investigate cross-layer optimization techniques with a focus on the transport of scalable video (SVC) streams over DVB-T2 Physical Layer Pipes (PLP). Throughout the paper, we propose different optimization options and verify their utility.
The Progress of Photoluminescent Properties of Rare‐Earth‐Ions‐Doped Phosphate One‐Dimensional Nanocrystals
Authors: Yu Lixin , Liu Hai
Published: June 2010

One‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures, such as tubes, wires, rods, and belts, have aroused remarkable attentions over the past decade due to a great deal of potential applications, such as data storage, advanced catalyst, and photoelectronic devices . On the other hand, in comparison with zero‐dimensional (0D) nanostructures, the space anisotropy of 1D structures provided a better model system to study the dependence of electronic transport, optical and mechanical properties on size confinement and dimensionality. Rare earth (RE) compounds, were intensively applied in luminescent and display devices. It is expected that in nanosized RE compounds the luminescent quantum efficiency (QE) and display resolution could be improved. In this paper, we systematically reported the research progress of luminescent properties of RE‐doped 1D orthophosphate nanocrystal, including the synthesis of 1D nanostructures doped with RE ions, local symmetry of host, electronic transition processes, energy transfer (ET), and so forth.
Comparative Biomechanics of Thick Filaments and Thin Filaments with Functional Consequences for Muscle Contraction
Authors: Miller Mark S. , Tanner Bertrand C. W. , Nyland Lori R. , Vigoreaux Jim O.
Published: June 2010

The scaffold of striated muscle is predominantly comprised of myosin and actin polymers known as thick filaments and thin filaments, respectively. The roles these filaments play in muscle contraction are well known, but the extent to which variations in filament mechanical properties influence muscle function is not fully understood. Here we review information on the material properties of thick filaments, thin filaments, and their primary constituents; we also discuss ways in which mechanical properties of filaments impact muscle performance.
Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Patient with Advanced Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kasirye Yusuf , Abdalrahman Ihab B.
Published: June 2010

Transient left ventricular dysfunction syndrome (TLVDS), or Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), is a clinical entity in which patients present with features of acute coronary syndrome, electrocardiogram abnormalities, and transient left ventricular (apical or mid-ventricular) dysfunction. Patients usually recover from this condition four to six weeks after the event. The etiology or triggering factors of TC remains unknown. Various triggering factors have been associated with this syndrome, with one of the most recent being malignancies. In this case report we present a postmenopausal female with underlying advanced malignancy who presented with TC. This is consistent with a recent hypothesis that in addition to currently known triggering factors, malignancies might well trigger TC in the context of a stressor or paraneoplastic phenomenon.
Evaluation of a Novel Rapid Test System for the Detection of Allergic Sensitization to Timothy Grass Pollen against Established Laboratory Methods and Skin Prick Test
Authors: Lucassen R. , Schulte-Pelkum J. , Csuvarszki C. , Kleine-Tebbe J. , Fooke M. , Mahler M.
Published: June 2010

Type I hypersensitivity is driven by allergen specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and thus sIgE represents a marker for modern allergy diagnosis. Recently, a rapid assay for the detection of sIgE, termed as (Allergy Lateral Flow Assay) ALFA, has been developed. The objective of our study is the evaluation of a scanner-based system for the semiquantitative interpretation of ALFA results. Agreement to Skin Prick Test (SPT, Allergopharma), ALLERG-O-LIQ System (Dr. Fooke), and ImmunoCAP (Phadia) was investigated using 50 sera tested for specific IgE to timothy grass pollen (g6). 35/50 sera were positive by SPT, ALLERG-O-LIQ, and ImmunoCAP. Excellent agreement was observed between ALFA results and SPT, ImmunoCAP, and ALLERG-O-LIQ. Area under the curve (AUC) values were found at 1.0, and 100% sensitivity and specificity was found versus all other methods. Visual- and scanner-based interpretation of the ALFA results revealed excellent agreement.
iTRAQ Quantitative Analysis of Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Human Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Hu Huai-Dong , Ye Feng , Zhang Da-Zhi , Hu Peng , Ren Hong , Li Sang-Lin
Published: June 2010

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle towards a successful treatment of gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms of MDR are intricate and have not been fully understood. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of MDR in gastric cancer, we employed the proteomic approach of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), followed by LC-MS/MS, using the vincristine-resistant SGC7901/VCR cell line and its parental SGC7901 cell line as a model. In total, 820 unique proteins were identified and 91 proteins showed to be differentially expressed in SGC7901/VCR compared with SGC7901. Several differentially expressed proteins were further validated by western blot analysis. Furthermore, the association of MVP, one of the highly expressed proteins in SGC7901/VCR, with MDR was verified. Our study is the first application of iTRAQ technology for MDR mechanisms analysis in gastric cancer, and many of the differentially expressed proteins identified have not been linked to MDR in gastric cancer before, which showed the value of this technology in identifying differentially expressed proteins in cancer.
A Leontief‐Type Input‐Output Inclusion
Authors: Liu Yingfan , Zhang Qinghong
Published: June 2010

A Leontief‐type input‐output inclusion problem based on a set‐valued consuming map is studied. By applying nonlinear analysis approach, in particular using the surjection and continuity technique with respect to set‐valued maps, solvability
and stability results with and without continuity assumption concerning this inclusion are obtained.
Integration of Networks of Sensors and Electronics for Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Materials
Authors: Ghezzo Fabrizia , Starr Anthony F. , Smith David R.
Published: June 2010

The low-cost, widespread availability and robust nature of current electronic devices suggest the feasibility of creating a composite structure with integrated networked sensors to monitor in real time the life of civil and aerospace structures while in service conditions. For structures that need to survive to high number of life cycles under varying load-environmental conditions, it is of crucial importance that the strength, stiffness, endurance, and general load-bearing capabilities of the composite not to be severely degraded by the integrated networked components. Therefore, design tools must be developed to achieve optimized, safe, and reliable structures. High values of stress concentrations due to the presence of a rigid device within a highly anisotropic material can trigger the initiation of microcracks in the resin matrix. To quantify these effects, the acoustic emission technique is used to characterize the initiation of microfailures within laminated composites with integrated electronics.
Do Alterations in Mitochondrial DNA Play a Role in Breast Carcinogenesis?
Authors: Rohan Thomas E. , Wong Lee-Jun , Wang Tao , Haines Jonathan , Kabat Geoffrey C.
Published: June 2010

A considerable body of evidence supports a role for oxidative stress in breast carcinogenesis. Due to their role in producing energy via oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondria are a major source of production of reactive oxygen species, which may damage DNA. The mitochondrial genome may be particularly susceptible to oxidative damage leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Genetic variants in mtDNA and nuclear DNA may also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we address the role of alterations in mtDNA in the etiology of breast cancer. Several studies have shown a relatively high frequency of mtDNA mutations in breast tumor tissue in comparison with mutations in normal breast tissue. To date, several studies have examined the association of genetic variants in mtDNA and breast cancer risk. The G10398A mtDNA polymorphism has received the most attention and has been shown to be associated with increased risk in some studies. Other variants have generally been examined in only one or two studies. Genome-wide association studies may help identify new mtDNA variants which modify breast cancer risk. In addition to assessing the main effects of specific variants, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are likely to explain a greater proportion of the variability in breast cancer risk.
Synthesis of Silver (I) Complexes of Iminoalkyl Functionalised -Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Williams Neil A. , Merzouk Mahboub , Hitchcock Peter B.
Published: June 2010

A range of silver iminoalkyl imidazol-2-ylidene complexes have been isolated in good yield
(50%–85%) and characterised by and NMR spectroscopy. A single crystal X-ray diffraction structure determination of 1--(benzylhydrylidene-amino)-ethyl-benzyl imidazol-2-ylidene silver bromide indicated monodentate coordination of the ligand.
Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex Is Associated with Fatigue Sensation
Authors: Tajima Seiki , Yamamoto Shigeyuki , Tanaka Masaaki , Kataoka Yosky , Iwase Masao , Yoshikawa Etsuji , Okada Hiroyuki , Onoe Hirotaka , Tsukada Hideo , Kuratsune Hirohiko , Ouchi Yasuomi , Watanabe Yasuyoshi
Published: June 2010

Fatigue is an indispensable bioalarm to avoid exhaustive state caused by overwork or stresses. It is necessary to elucidate the neural mechanism of fatigue sensation for managing fatigue properly. We performedH2O  15positron emission tomography scans to indicate neural activations while subjects were performing 35-min fatigue-inducing task trials twice. During the positron emission tomography experiment, subjects performed advanced trail-making tests, touching the target circles in sequence located on the display of a touch-panel screen. In order to identify the brain regions associated with fatigue sensation, correlation analysis was performed using statistical parametric mapping method. The brain region exhibiting a positive correlation in activity with subjective sensation of fatigue, measured immediately after each positron emission tomography scan, was located in medial orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 10/11). Hence, the medial orbitofrontal cortex is a brain region associated with mental fatigue sensation. Our findings provide a new perspective on the neural basis of fatigue.
Hexavalent Chromium Removal by a Paecilomycessp. Fungal Strain Isolated from Environment
Authors: Cárdenas-González Juan F. , Acosta-Rodríguez Ismael
Published: June 2010

A resistant and capable fungal strain in removing hexavalent chromium was isolated from an environment near of Chemical Science Faculty, located in the city of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The strain was identified as Paecilomyces sp., by macro‐ and microscopic characteristics. Strain resistance of the strain to high Cr (VI) concentrations and its ability to reduce chromium were studied. When it was incubated in minimal medium with glucose, another inexpensive commercial carbon source like unrefined and brown sugar or glycerol, in the presence of 50 mg/L of Cr (VI), the strain caused complete disappearance of Cr (VI), with the concomitant production of Cr (III) in the growth medium after 7 days of incubation, at 28 °C, pH 4.0, 100 rpm, and an inoculum of 38 mg of dry weight. Decrease of Cr (VI) levels from industrial wastes was also induced by Paecilomyces biomass. These results indicate that reducing capacity of chromate resistant filamentous fungus Cr (VI) could be useful for the removal of Cr (VI) pollution.
Oral Vaccination with the Porcine Rotavirus VP4 Outer Capsid Protein Expressed byLactococcus lactisInduces Specific Antibody Production
Authors: Li Yi-jing , Ma Guang-peng , Li Gui-wei , Qiao Xin-yuan , Ge Jun-wei , Tang Li-jie , Liu Min , Liu Li-wei
Published: June 2010

The objective of this study to design a delivery system resistant to the gastrointestinal environment for oral vaccine against porcine rotavirus.Lactococcus lactisNZ9000 was transformed with segments ofvP4of the porcine rotavirus inserted into the pNZ8112 surface-expression vector, and a recombinantL. lactisexpressing VP4 protein was constructed. An approximately 27 kDa VP4 protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE , Western blot and immunostaining analysis. BALB/c mice were immunized orally with VP4-expression recombinantL. lactisand cellular, mucosal and systemic humoral immune responses were examined. Specific anti-VP4 secretory IgA and IgG were found in feces, ophthalmic and vaginal washes and in serum. The induced antibodies demonstrated neutralizing effects on porcine rotavirus infection on MA104 cells. Our findings suggest that oral immunization with VP4-expressingL. lactisinduced both specific local and systemic humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.
Microleakage after Thermocycling of Three Self-Etch Adhesives under Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Cement Restorations
Authors: Geerts Sabine O. , Seidel Laurence , Albert Adelin I. , Gueders Audrey M.
Published: June 2010

This study was designed to evaluate microleakage that appeared on Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) restorations. Sixty class V cavities () were cut on thirty extracted third molars, which were randomly allocated to three experimental groups. All the buccal cavities were pretreated with polyacrylic acid, whereas the lingual cavities were treated with three one-step Self-Etch adhesives, respectively, Xeno III (Dentsply Detrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), iBond exp (Heraeus Kulzer gmbH & Co. KG, Hanau, Germany), and Adper Prompt-L-Pop (3M ESPE AG, Dental products Seefeld, Germany). All cavities were completely filled with RMGIC, teeth were thermocycled for 800 cycles, and leakage was evaluated. Results were expressed as means standard deviations (SDs). Microleakage scores were analysed by means of generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) assuming an ordinal logistic link function. All results were considered to be significant at the 5% critical level (). The results showed that bonding RMGIC to dentin with a Self-Etch adhesive rather than using polyacrylic acid did not influence microleakage scores (), except for one tested Self-Etch adhesive, namely, Xeno III (). Nevertheless, our results did not show any significant difference between the three tested Self-Etch adhesive systems. In conclusion, the pretreatment of dentin with Self-Etch adhesive system, before RMGIC filling, seems to be an alternative to the conventional Dentin Conditioner for the clinicians as suggested by our results (thermocycling) and others (microtensile tests).
The Effect of Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestrisL.) Population Density and Soil Water Content Interactions on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils
Authors: Evers Andrew K. , Demers Tyler A. , Gordon Andrew M. , Thevathasan Naresh V.
Published: June 2010

Earthworms may have an influence on the production ofN2O, a greenhouse gas, as a result of the ideal environment contained in their gut and casts for denitrifier bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between earthworm (Lumbricus terrestrisL.) population density, soil water content andN2Oemissions in a controlled greenhouse experiment based on population densities (90 to 270 individualsm−2) found at the Guelph Agroforestry Research Station (GARS) from 1997 to 1998. An experiment conducted at considerably higher than normal densities of earthworms revealed a significant relationship between earthworm density, soil water content andN2Oemissions, with mean emissions increasing to 43.5 gha−1day−1at 30 earthworms 0.0333 m−2at 35% soil water content. However, a second experiment, based on the density of earthworms at GARS, found no significant difference inN2Oemissions (5.49 to 6.99 gha−1day−1) aa a result of density and 31% soil water content.
The IL-2 Defect in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Has an Expansive Effect on Host Immunity
Authors: Lieberman Linda A. , Tsokos George C.
Published: June 2010

IL-2 production is decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and affects T cell function and other aspects of host immunity. Transcription factors regulating IL-2 production behave aberrantly in SLE T cells. In addition to IL-2 dysregulation, other IL-2 family members (IL-15 and IL-21) are abnormally expressed in SLE. Decreased IL-2 production in SLE patients leads to many immune defects such as decreasedTregproduction, decreased activation-induced cell death (AICD), and decreased cytotoxicity. IL-2 deficiency results in systemic dysregulation of host immune responses in patients suffering from SLE disease.
Responses of Medullary Lateral Line Units of the Goldfish,Carassius auratus, to Amplitude-Modulated Sinusoidal Wave Stimuli
Authors: Ali Ramadan , Mogdans Joachim , Bleckmann Horst
Published: June 2010

This paper describes the responses of brainstem lateral line units in goldfish,Carassius auratus, to constant-amplitude and to amplitude-modulated sinusoidal water motions. If stimulated with constant-amplitude sinusoidal water motions, units responded with phasic (50%) or with sustained (50%) increases in dicharge rate. Based on isodisplacement curves, units preferred low (33 Hz, 12.5%), mid (50 Hz, 10% and 100 Hz, 30%) or high (200 Hz, 47.5%) frequencies. In most units, responses were weakly phase locked to the carrier frequency. However, at a carrier frequency of 50 Hz or 100 Hz, a substantial proportion of the units exhibited strong phase locking. If stimulated with amplitude-modulated water motions, units responded with a burst of discharge to each modulation cycle, that is, units phase locked to the amplitude modulation frequency. Response properties of brainstem units were in many respects comparable to those of midbrain units, suggesting that they emerge first in the lateral line brainstem.
Voltage/Current-Mode Multifunction Filters Using Current-Feedback Amplifiers and Grounded Capacitors
Authors: Horng Jiun Wei , Chou Pei-Young , Wu Jian-Yu
Published: June 2010

One configuration for realizing voltage-mode multifunction filters and another configuration for realizing current-mode multifunction filters each using two current-feedback amplifiers (CFAs) are presented. The proposed voltage-mode circuit exhibits simultaneously lowpass, bandpass, and highpass filters. The proposed current-mode circuit also exhibits simultaneously lowpass, bandpass, and highpass filters. The proposed circuits offer the following features: no requirements for component matching conditions, low active and passive sensitivities, employing only grounded capacitors, and the ability to obtain multi-function filters from the same circuit configuration.
Surgical Treatment by Partial Petrosectomy for a Middle-Ear Carcinoid with Progressive Extension: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Aoki Mitsuhiro , Mizuta Keisuke , Ueda Natsuko , Yamada Nansei , Ito Yatsuji , Kato Hiroki , Hirose Yoshinobu
Published: June 2010

We herein report a 59-year-old male patient with a recurrent carcinoid tumor of the middle ear 7 years after a tympanomastoidectomy. The CT and dynamic MRI demonstrated an extensive tumor close to the carotid artery canal and the jugular bulb, and the tumor was removed by a partial petrosectomy with a transmastoid approach. The histopathological findings revealed a solid and trabecular tumor with cells positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56. The MIB-1 antibody for the Ki-67 antigen was positive in 6.6% of the tumor cells. The relevant literature is reviewed in regard to the present case.
Analysis of Nonlinear Dispersion of a Pollutant Ejected by an External Source into a Channel Flow
Authors: Chinyoka T. , Makinde O. D.
Published: June 2010

This paper focuses on
the transient analysis of nonlinear dispersion
of a pollutant ejected by an external source
into a laminar flow of an incompressible fluid
in a channel. The influence of density variation
with pollutant concentration is approximated
according to the Boussinesq approximation, and
the nonlinear governing equations of momentum
and pollutant concentration are obtained. The
problem is solved numerically using a
semi‐implicit finite difference method.
Solutions are presented in graphical form and
given in terms of fluid velocity, pollutant
concentration, skin friction, and wall mass
transfer rate for various parametric values. The
model can be a useful tool for understanding the
polluting situations of an improper discharge
incident and evaluating the effects of
decontaminating measures for the water
body.
Antisnake Venom Activity ofHibiscus aethiopicusL. againstEchis ocellatusandNaja n. nigricollis
Authors: Hasson S. S. , Al-Jabri A. A. , Sallam T. A. , Al-Balushi M. S. , Mothana R. A. A.
Published: June 2010

The objective of the study is to investigate whether theHibiscus aethiopicusL. plant has neutralization activity against venoms of two clinically important snakes. TheH. aethiopicuswas dried and extracted with water. Different assays were performed to evaluate the plant's acute toxicity and its anti-snake venom activities. The results showed thatH. aethiopicusextract alone had no effect on the viability of C2C12muscle cells, but significantly (P<.05) protected muscle cells against the toxic effects ofE. ocellatusvenom at 55, 150, and 300 μg/mL. The maximum protective effect of the extract was exhibited at 75 μg/mL. The extract significantly (P<.001) inhibited the cytotoxic effects ofE. ocellatusvenom at 300 μg/mL. All rabbits (n=10) and guinea pigs (n=10) were alive after the two weeks of given the lethal dosage 16 g/Kg of theH. aethiopicusextract herbal solution. No abnormal behaviour was observed of both groups of animals. All guinea pigs (n=3) treated with venoms alone (5 mg/kg) died. However, all guinea pigs (n=21) treated with venom (5 mg/kg) and the extract (400 to 1000 mg/kg) survived. Guinea pigs (n=3) treated withNaja n. nigricollisvenom alone (2.5 mg/kg) and guinea pigs (n=21) venom with the extract (400 to 1000 mg/kg) died. TheH. aethiopicuscompletely (100%) blocked the haemorrhagic activity ofE. ocellatusin the egg embryo at 3.3 mg/mL of extract. These findings suggest thatH. aethiopicusmay contain an endogenous inhibitor of venom-induced haemorrhage.
New Targeted Molecular Therapies for Dedifferentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Antonelli Alessandro , Ferri Clodoveo , Ferrari Silvia Martina , Sebastiani Marco , Colaci Michele , Ruffilli Ilaria , Fallahi Poupak
Published: June 2010

Dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (DeTC) derived from follicular epithelium is often incurable because it does not respond to radioiodine, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. In cases, RET/PTC rearrangements are found in 30%–40%, RAS mutations in about 10%, and BRAF mutations in around 40%–50%, with no overlap between these mutations results in papillary thyroid cancer, while a higher prevalence of BRAF mutations (up to 70%) has been observed in DeTC. The identification of these activating mutations in DeTC makes this malignancy an excellent model to examine the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Clinical trials with several TKIs targeting RET, and to a lesser extent BRAF, and other TKRs have shown positive results, with about one-third of DeTC showing a reduction in tumor size up to 50%, with the longest treatment duration of approximately three-four years. Angiogenesis inhibitors have also shown promising activity in DeTC. Progress is being made toward effective targeted DeTC therapy. The possibility of testing the sensitivity of primary DeTC cells from each subject to different TKIs could increase the effectiveness of the treatment.
Anesthetic Considerations in a Patient with Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Calis Paul , Berendsen Remco , Logeman Angelique , Sarton Elise , Aarts Leon
Published: June 2010

Amiodarone-induced thryrotoxicosis (AIT) is a rare but serious complication of amiodarone use, especially in patients with severe cardiac disease. We present a patient who developed AIT, following administration of amiodarone for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. We discuss the medical management of AIT and anesthetic considerations for management of patients with thyrotoxicosis and severe cardiac disease who require surgery including thyroidectomy.
A Case of Radiation Fibrosis Appearing as Mass-Like Consolidation after SBRT with Elevation of Serum CEA
Authors: Terashima Kotaro , Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Nomoto Satoshi , Ohga Saiji , Nonoshita Takeshi , Ohnishi Kayoko , Atsumi Kazushige , Yabuuchi Hidetake , Hirata Hideki , Honda Hiroshi
Published: June 2010

We report a case of radiation fibrosis appearing as mass-like consolidation, which was difficult to distinguish from local recurrence. A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed as having primary lung cancer (cT1N0M0 stage IA) in the right upper lobe and was treated with SBRT of 48 Gy in 4 fractions. After 12 months, mass-like consolidation appeared around the irradiated area, and after 13 months, it had increased in size. FDG-PET revealed high uptake (SUVmax=5.61) for the consolidation. CT-guided biopsy was performed, but we could not confirm the diagnosis. Considering her poor respiratory function and her age, short-interval follow-up was performed. After 15 months, the consolidation enlarged at the dorsal side, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) became elevated (14.6 ng/mL). Serum KL-6 (436 U/mL) and SP-D (204 ng/mL) were also elevated. However, after 16 months, serum CEA slightly decreased. The consolidation gradually retracted on follow-up CT images. CEA, KL-6, and SP-D were also decreased by degrees. After 40 months, there is no evidence of local recurrence.
Histopathology of the Minor Duodenal Papilla
Authors: Suda Koichi
Published: June 2010

The minor duodenal papilla, which is the orifice of the accessory, or dorsal, pancreatic duct/Santorini duct, mostly accompanied by pancreatic tissue, is situated about 2 cm ventroproximal to the major duodenal papilla. The patency of the terminal accessory pancreatic duct (APD) is recognized in about half or more of cases, and is related to the degree of fibrosis. The APD is lined with simple columnar epithelium and encircled by a smooth muscle layer. It is still controversial whether or not these muscle tissues comprise a sphincter muscle. Pancreatic tissue was found in about 80% of cases in the minor papilla. Among these cases, pancreatic tissue was continuous and/or closely related to the proper pancreas in about 40% of cases, and might have the same exocrine and endocrine morphologies/functions, suggesting that it is a portion of the dorsal pancreas and not an ectopic one. Endocrine cell micronests are frequently found in the ductal wall/surrounding area of the terminal APD, and predominantly consist of somatostatin- and/or pancreatic-polypeptide-containing cells. In cases of pancreas divisum, inadequate pancreatic juice drainage from the minor papilla might occur, resulting in dorsal pancreatitis. In the minor papilla, all ductal tumors may occur, such as an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and invasive ductal carcinoma, but carcinoid tumors are rare.
Untapped Therapeutic Potential of Surfactant Proteins: Is There a Case for Recombinant SP-D Supplementation in Neonatal Lung Disease?
Authors: Clark Howard W.
Published: June 2010

Whilst pulmonary surfactant therapy has been highly successful in reducing mortality from respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, a significant proportion of infants born at less than 28 weeks’ gestation develop neonatal chronic lung disease. This has a complex pathogenesis but infection, inflammation, oxygen toxicity and ventilator-induced lung injury in the premature infant are all recognised risk factors for its development. Current surfactant therapies in clinical use do not contain all surfactant components and lack the hydrophilic surfactant proteins A and D. These proteins are known to have important roles in surfactant homeostasis and in protecting the lung against inflammation. This review examines the evidence from animal models supporting a role for surfactant protein-D in particular in reducing inflammation in the lung and speculates that supplementation of current surfactant therapies with recombinant forms of surfactant protein-D may help offset the risk of development of chronic lung disease.
Long-Term Health Experience of Jet Engine Manufacturing Workers: III. Incidence of Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Authors: Marsh Gary M. , Buchanich Jeanine M. , Youk Ada O. , Cunningham Michael A. , Lieberman Frank S. , Kennedy Kathleen J. , Lacey Steven E. , Hancock Roger P. , Esmen Nurtan A. , Fleissner Mary Lou
Published: June 2010

Objective: To explore a perceived unusual occurrence of glioblastoma at one jet engine manufacturing facility located in North Haven (NH), Connecticut (CT). Methods: Subjects were 212,513 workers ever employed in 1 of 8 manufacturing facilities from 1952 to 2001 and at risk from 1976 to 2004. We identified 722 cases of CNS neoplasms mainly by tracing through 19 state cancer registries. We computed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) based on CT state and national rates and modeled internal relative risks (RRs). Results: We found overall deficits in cases for glioblastoma (275 cases, SIR = 0.77, CI = 0.68–0.87) and most other histology categories examined. NH workers had a not statistically significant overall 8% excess in glioblastoma (43 cases, SIR = 1.08, CI = 0.78–1.46). Salaried NH workers had a statistically significant twofold risk of glioblastoma compared with hourly workers (17 cases, RR = 2.04, CI = 1.15–3.57). Other subgroups of NH workers revealed elevated but not statistically significant glioblastoma risks but little evidence of an association with duration of employment or time since first employment. Conclusions: Incidence rates for glioblastoma and other malignant CNS neoplasm histologies were not elevated in the total cohort. The glioblastoma excesses observed among NH workers may reflect external occupational factors, non-occupational factors or workplace factors unique to NH unmeasured in the current study.
Female Pituitary Size in Relation to Age and Hormonal Factors
Authors: Grams Astrid Ellen , Gempt Jens , Stahl Alexander , Förschler Annette
Published: June 2010

Background: It is well known that pituitary volume decreases with age; little is known about the influences of female cycle, intake of oral contraceptives, number of given births and duration of menopause on pituitary morphology. Furthermore, these contexts have never been examined with 3-tesla MRI, from which a high spatial resolution is expected. Methods: Ninety-four women from 18 to 80 years (mean 64 years) had to answer a questionnaire concerning their cycle situation, menopause, hormone intake and childbirths before receiving a 3-tesla MRI scan (Achieva, Philips, N.V.), including a T1-weighted TSE sequence of the sella turcica. Pituitary volumes and diameters were measured with the software iplan® (BrainLAB, Feldkirchen, Germany). Results: A significant reverse correlation was found between age and pituitary volume (p < 0.0001)/cranio-caudal diameter (p = 0.02). In addition, an age-independent influence of oral contraceptives was found, indicating smaller pituitary sizes with hormone intake (p = 0.003). Cycle phase, number of given births and onset or duration of menopause had no effects on pituitary size. Conclusion: Three-tesla MRI suggests that pituitary volume not only decreases with age, it also seems to be related to long-term hormonal changes such as intake of oral contraceptives.
Effect of Iron on Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition and on the Prevention of Dentine Erosion
Authors: Kato M.T. , Leite A.L. , Hannas A.R. , Oliveira R.C. , Pereira J.C. , Tjäderhane L. , Buzalaf M.A.R.
Published: June 2010

It is known that some metal salts can inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, but the effect of iron has not been tested yet. On the other hand, it has recently been suggested that MMP inhibition might influence dentine erosion. Based on this, the aims of this study were: (1) to test in vitro the effect of FeSO4 on MMP-2 and -9 activity, and (2) to evaluate in situ the effect of FeSO4 gel on dentine erosion. MMP-2 and -9 activities were analysed zymographically in buffers containing FeSO4 in concentrations ranging between 0.05 and 1.5 mmol/l or not. Volunteers (n = 10) wore devices containing bovine dentine blocks (n = 60) previously treated with the following gel treatments: FeSO4 (1 mmol/l FeSO4), F (NaF 1.23%; positive control) and placebo (negative control). The gels were applied once and removed after 1 min. Erosion was performed extraorally with Coca-Cola 4 times per day for 5 min over 5 days. Dentine wear was evaluated by profilometry. The data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests (p < 0.05). FeSO4 inhibited both MMP-2 (IC50 = 0.75 mmol/l) and MMP-9 (IC50 = 0.50 mmol/l) activities. In the in situexperiment, the mean wear (± SD) found for the F gel (0.79 ± 0.08 µm) was significantly reduced in more than 50% when compared to the placebo gel (1.77 ± 0.33 µm), but the FeSO4 gel completely inhibited the wear (0.05 ± 0.02 µm). Since FeSO4 was able to inhibit MMP in vitro, it is possible that the prevention of dentine wear by the FeSO4 gel in situ might be due to MMP inhibition, which should be investigated in further studies.