bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
alpha decay properties of superheavy nuclei based on optimized alpha decay energies
Authors: Deng Jun-Gang , Li Jia-Xing , Cheng Jun-Hao , Mu Lin , Zhang Hongfei
Published: February 2025

The accuracy of the Finite-Range Droplet Model 2012 (FRDM) in describing the $\alpha$ decay energies of the 947 known heavy and superheavy nuclei is studied. It is clearly found that there are obvious discrepancies between the $\alpha$ decay energies obtained by FRDM and those reported by the evaluated atomic mass table AME 2020 (AME), in particular that FRDM underestimates the experimental $\alpha$ decay energies of the superheavy nuclei. The $\alpha$ decay energies of known nuclei obtained by FRDM are optimized, i.e. FRDM-NN, using a neural network approach and the accuracy is significantly improved. The $\alpha$ decay energy systematics obtained by both FRDM and FRDM-NN show the obvious shell effect at neutron number $N=184$, implying that the $N=184$ may be the magic number of the superheavy nucleus region. The $\alpha$ decay half-lives of known superheavy nuclei are calculated using the Generalized Liquid Drop Model (GLDM) and the Royer formula with the input of the optimized $\alpha$ decay energies obtained by FRDM-NN, and the calculations can reproduce the experimental data well. The $\alpha$ decay half-lives of unknown superheavy nuclei, in particular superheavy nuclei with $Z=119$ and 120, are predicted by using the GLDM and the Royer formula with the input of the $\alpha$ decay energy obtained by FRDM-NN. The relative error of two types of predicted $\alpha$ decay half-lives and superposition are analysed, and the average predictions are given. The $\alpha$ decay energies predicted by FRDM-NN and the $\alpha$ decay half-lives calculated by the GLDM and the Royer formula can provide a reference for the experimental synthesis of new superheavy elements with $Z=119$ and 120.
Biomaterials for aerospace applications: a sustainable technological analysis
Authors: Maldonado-Romo Javier , Jami Anoohya , Sant Aditi , Montesinos Luis , Ponce Pedro
Published: February 2025

The present study examines bio-processes in the aerospace industry with an emphasis on discovering biomaterials that demonstrate advantages over conventional materials. It provides a thorough analysis of current biomaterials, detailing their properties and potential uses in aerospace applications. By assessing fundamental performance metrics, this research highlights materials with superior attributes, including strength-to-weight ratio, durability, and resilience under extreme conditions. The study reviews three promising biomaterials: spider silk, basalt, and bamboo fibers. Spider silk, known for its strength, lightness, and flexibility, could be applied in space exploration to monitor spacecraft integrity, assess astronaut health, and detect leaks or damage. Basalt fiber’s resistance to high temperatures makes it suitable for protective clothing and thermal insulation, and it can be combined with other materials to create strong, lightweight composites. Bamboo fiber, with a strength-to-weight ratio around six times that of steel, offers notable lightness and strength, and its micro-hierarchical structure enhances impact resistance, ductility, and fracture toughness. This paper proposes a sustainable technical analysis based on the pillars of economic, environmental, and social sustainability, along with an added pillar focused on technological progress. It also discusses opportunities to address research and development challenges, facilitating the use of these biomaterials in aerospace. This research aims to promote sustainable, high-performance aerospace technologies that lower environmental impact while advancing industry capabilities.
Research on accuracy testing of close-range photogrammetry for geometric feature measurement in particle accelerator
Authors: Wu Enchen , Li Xiao , Wang Xiaolong , Wang Wei , Zhang Qiuyu , Lin Yiliang , He Xiaoye
Published: February 2025

To meet the needs of the Hefei Advanced Light Facility
project and reasonably use the close-range photogrammetric system in
future alignment work. The research on the method and accuracy of
the Aicon DPA close-range photogrammetry system for geometric
element measurement was carried out. Using the external consistency
and the internal consistency as evaluation indexes, the systems are
designed and built with the laser interferometer (XL80), laser
tracker (AT 960), standard tetrahedral and marble guide to test the
point coordinates, distance, flatness measurement accuracy and
measurement repeatability for geometric element measurement
accuracy. The experimental results show that Aicon DPA point
coordinates, distance, and flatness measurements have high accuracy
in close-range photogrammetry. The point coordinate and flatness
measurements are 9.5 μm and 5.4 μm, respectively,
equal to or even better than the laser tracker's measurement
results. Furthermore, the measurement repeatability is better than
5 μm. The results of the simulated engineering site show that
the Aicon DPA has an accuracy of 19.8 μm, maintaining high
accuracy and good immunity to environmental interference. With the
expansion of the photogrammetry control range, when the length
reference is shorter than the measured object, the measurement
accuracy will continue to decrease. But when using the length data
of the interferometer as a reference, the accuracy within 8 meters
can be better than 30 μm. The accuracy testing process and
conclusion of this article have reference values for the use of
close-range photogrammetry systems in particle accelerators. The
close-range photogrammetry system will be fully utilized in
alignment work such as geometric element measurement, deformation
monitoring and data fusion with laser trackers in the Hefei Advanced
Light Facility.
Dynamic simulation and experimental study of dual-rotor system induced by rub-impact fault with variable state and parameter
Authors: Bing Hankun , Chen Bohua , Xiang Ling , Hu Aijun , Chen Kaile
Published: February 2025

A dynamic modeling method of dual-rotor system is proposed according to the structure feature and the rub-impact fault with variable state and parameter. The interactional mechanism of different parameters on the dual-rotor system is disclosed in this dynamic model, where multiple parameters are considered including of stator stiffness, eccentricity, static clearance, friction factor, radial clearance of intermediate bearing and contact effect between rotors. The vibrational responses of dual-rotor system with rub-impact are derived by numerical simulation. The dynamic characteristics for this system without faults and under rub-impact faults are analyzed by means of time domain diagram, spectrum diagram, axis locus diagram, bifurcation diagram and Poincare cross section diagram. And the dual-rotor test bench is established, and the dual-rotor trouble-free, mild and severe rub-impact failure experiments are carried out. Comparisons between experimental results and simulation analyses are conducted to validate the correctness of the theoretical model. The research results offer theoretical guidance for the structural design and the diagnosis of rub-impact fault of dual-rotor system.
Cumulative disaster exposure and hypertension among mothers who survived Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Meadows Marie-Claire , Desai Mayur M , Zacher Meghan , Lowe Sarah R
Published: February 2025

As climate change intensifies, hurricanes and weather-related disasters have been increasingly frequent and severe, impacting regions like the U.S. Gulf Coast with repeated hurricanes. While acute and short-term health impacts are well-described, impacts on longer-term and chronic conditions such as hypertension remain underexplored. This study examines the association between repeated hurricane exposure and hypertension risk in survivors. We used data from the Resilience in Survivors of Katrina project, a longitudinal (2003–2018) cohort of predominantly Black, low-income mothers affected by Hurricane Katrina. A sample of 505 women who were not hypertensive pre-Katrina was analyzed. Cumulative exposure was defined as the number of hurricanes experienced post-Katrina, assessed at several survey waves over 12 years. Logistic regression estimated associations between hurricane exposure and hypertension in 2016–18, with mediation analyses exploring the indirect effect via psychological distress (PD). In adjusted models, exposure to two hurricanes was associated with a 61% increase in hypertension odds (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.63) and exposure to three or more with 87% increased odds (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.47), relative to exposure to only one hurricane. The indirect effect from hurricane exposure to hypertension via PD was statically significant (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09). Findings highlight a novel link between cumulative disaster exposure and hypertension, with PD as a potential mediator. This suggests that repeated exposure to hurricanes not only impacts mental health but may also contribute to adverse physical health outcomes. Addressing both mental and physical health in disaster response, especially for vulnerable populations, is crucial.
Proleptic Praise
Authors: Holroyd Jules
Published: February 2025

What is praise? This chapter argues we can make progress by examining what praise does. It articulates some desiderata for a more adequate understanding of praise. It argues that praise has a largely overlooked social function: praise functions to affirm and entrench values, exerting pressure in praise’s audiences to affirm the values expressed. This chapter articulates the mechanisms that make praise an effective vehicle for entrenching values. This analysis is responsive to, and places at the foreground of our analysis, the possibility that praise can serve bad and oppressive ends. But it also illuminates a function of praise that is an important contribution to our practices, when attuned to non-oppressive ends. This account better meets the desiderata than recently developed accounts, which focus on praise as a second-personal communicative act.
Frames of Resistance
Authors: I. Córdova Hidalgo Amalia
Published: February 2025

Frames of Resistance is the first panoramic, comparative, and transnational study on Indigenous filmmaking in Latin America, a territorial expanse also known as Abya Yala. It foregrounds first-person accounts of pivotal moments in the rise of this media movement, offers a critical analysis of selected, representative films, and proposes best practices in teaching, curating, circulating, and ensuring long-term access and preservation of this work. The volume positions Indigenous filmmaking through the lens of decolonizing and Indigenous methodologies that challenge Western paradigms and build on principles of Indigenous organizational practices that are deeply grounded in specific territories, languages, and more collective ways of being. Scholars, students, and anyone interested in cinematic, regional, and Indigenous studies will glean knowledge of films and filmmakers that are defining a new relationship between Indigenous peoples and media technologies and shaping a global Indigenous cinema.
For a Cinema of Abya Yala
Authors: I. Córdova Hidalgo Amalia
Published: February 2025

This chapter locates Indigenous film and video production as a corpus and a practice now found across the continent, looking back at the conditions that led to its current, multiple expressions and developments. Beginning with the concept of Latin America, and the many terms used to refer to the original peoples of its territories, it introduces key terms that came from the emergence of Indigenous movements, their common demands, and efforts to secure the right to communication. The chapter describes the rise of cine y video indígena (Indigenous film and video) as part of a greater process of comunicación indígena (Indigenous communication) and its relation to politically driven movements, such as the Indigenous rights movement, and to activist community media and participatory film movements, such as the New Latin American cinema and Third and Fourth Cinemas. The main goal of the chapter is to set up the groundwork for the reader to better understand the surge of Indigenous audiovisual practices in different geographies of the region, and the innovative media training, production, and circulation models that have flourished over the past thirty-plus years.
Multilateral Trading System
Authors: Das Abhijit
Published: February 2025

Given the crucial role of the erstwhile GATT, and now the WTO, in formulating rules for international trade, this chapter discusses how the GATT came into existence, what were its main features, how did the transition from the GATT to the WTO come about, what influences have shaped the multilateral trading system under the GATT/WTO, and how have the issues of interest and concern to the developing countries been addressed by the GATT/WTO. It traces the evolution of GATT/WTO against the backdrop of changing economic interests of the developed countries. In addition, this chapter also briefly examines the implications of WTO rules on domestic policymaking in developing countries. Overall, this chapter will help the readers understand the fundamental underpinnings of the multilateral trading system, its relevance for economic prosperity of countries and the daunting challenges that various sources of influence on the system pose for most developing countries.
Colorful network: pair-bonding temporal dynamics involve sexual signals and impact reproduction
Authors: Barou-Dagues Marie , Sosa Sébastian , Angelier Frédéric
Published: February 2025

Mate choice and pair-bonding are the products of complex decisions involving repeated social interactions over time. They generally rely on multiple sexual signals and behaviors, depending on the phenotype and experiences of the chooser and are affected by environmental conditions and competition for mate access. However, studies investigating the mechanisms of mate selection often ignore the dynamic aspects of the pair formation. In this study, we used social network analyses to (1) describe sexual interactions over time in multiple groups of captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), (2) ask how individual sexual signals and body condition relate to pair-bonding temporal dynamics, and (3) investigate whether sexual networks influence assortative mating and reproductive performance. We followed sexual interactions of 8 sex-balanced groups of 8 individuals to extract social network metrics over 8 sessions of observation. We assessed individual body condition, sexual signals and couples’ pairing latency, laying date, clutch size, and embryo viability. Pair-bonding dynamics were first characterized by song interactions between most individuals, then by numerous allopreening and clumping behaviors, targeting more specific partners. More colorful individuals became engaged in more sexual interactions more rapidly, and such network dynamics explained assortative mating for beak color. Interestingly, being involved in song interactions was negatively associated with reproductive performances, while the reverse was true for being involved in allopreening and clumping interactions. Our study highlights the need to study pair-bonding dynamics to better understand how variations in individual phenotype within sexual networks explain assortative mating and reproductive performance in monogamous species.
Purinergic system molecules: expression and regulation of enzymes, transporters, and adenosine triphosphate receptors and the role of adenosine triphosphate at the maternal–conceptus interface in pigs
Authors: Cheon Yugyeong , Yoo Inkyu , Lee Soohyung , Choi Eunhyeok , Kim Seonghyun , Ka Hakhyun
Published: February 2025

The purinergic system is composed of purine nucleotides, enzymes, transporters, and receptors and is involved in a variety of physiological processes in the body, including development, metabolism, immunity, tumorigenesis, and reproduction. The importance of the purinergic system for embryo implantation in the endometrium and in pathophysiological conditions has been shown in some species. However, the expression, regulation, and function of purinergic system molecules at the maternal–conceptus interface in pigs is not fully understood. Therefore, we determined the expression of purinergic system molecules in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and in the conceptus and chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy in pigs. The expression of many purinergic system molecules in the endometrium changed dynamically during pregnancy, with the expression of several components in the endometrium greater on day 15 of pregnancy than day 15 of the estrous cycle, and it was regulated by conceptus-derived interleukin-1beta and interferon-gamma. Purinergic system molecules were also expressed in conceptuses during early pregnancy and in chorioallantoic tissues during mid- to term pregnancy. Furthermore, adenosine triphosphate, a major purinergic signaling molecule, increased migration of endometrial epithelial and conceptus trophectoderm cells, the expression of prostaglandin synthetic enzymes, and the secretion of prostaglandin F2alpha in endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. These data suggest that the purinergic system molecules expressed in the endometrium, conceptus, and chorioallantoic tissues might play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy by regulating various cellular functions at the maternal–conceptus interface in pigs.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Small Bowel Neoplasms in Crohn’s Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Urquhart Siri A , Smyrk Thomas C , Harmsen William S , Loftus Edward V , Kisiel John B , Coelho-Prabhu Nayantara
Published: February 2025

Background

Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) who have ileal or any small bowel (SB) involvement are at increased risk of developing SB cancer. Due to the rarity of this complication of CD, we aimed to describe the clinical features, presentation, and of small bowel neoplasms (SBN) in patients with CD.

Methods

A case-control study was performed to include patients ≥18 years old with a diagnosis of CD with or without SBN at a single large referral center from January 1992 to May 2023. Patients were identified using bioinformatics and natural language processing tools, as well as anatomic pathology records. Two age- and sex-matched controls were identified for each case.

Results

In total, 54 patients with CD and SBN and 108 patients with CD without SBN were identified. Of the cases, most had ileal CD (55.6%) with stricturing (59.3%) phenotype. Median duration of CD prior to SBN diagnosis was 19.5 years. Nonpenetrating/nonstricturing behavior (odds ratio [OR], 9.23; 95% CI, 2.91-29.32; P = .0008) was significantly associated with an increased odds of SBN. History of tobacco use (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.13-0.60; P = .0011) and IBD-associated colonic neoplasia (OR, 0.18; 95%, CI 0.4-0.85; P = .0303) were protective in development of SBN.

Conclusions

Nonpenetrating/nonstricturing CD appeared to raise SBN risk. History of tobacco use and colonic IBD-associated neoplasia are associated with reduced risk of SBN. Further studies with large sample sizes are needed to determine true incidence and risk factors associated with SBN in CD and assess potentially protective effects of early surgery.
Multimodal lifestyle intervention improves fatigue in quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a controlled study
Authors: Loveikyte Roberta , Koppelman Lola J M , Blijleven Mirjam J H , Wilmsen Nathalie , Rodríguez – Girondo Mar D M , Bloem Sjaak , Voorneveld Philip W , van der Meulen – de Jong Andrea E , van der Marel Sander , Maljaars P W Jeroen
Published: February 2025

Background

Lifestyle factors are significant contributors to fatigue, affecting ~45% of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Hence, we evaluated the effect of a multimodal lifestyle intervention on fatigue in patients with IBD.

Methods

Patients with quiescent IBD were enrolled in this multicenter, non-randomized, controlled interventional study. The intervention group followed a 12-month lifestyle program, which included digital group meetings with a nutritionist and a lifestyle coach focusing on nutrition, exercise, sleep, and relaxation. The program also encouraged patients to exercise more self-control over personal health. The control group received standard clinical care. Clinical data and patient-reported outcomes were collected. Fatigue was measured with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F); any increase in FACIT-F was considered a positive response to the intervention. Inverse probability treatment weighting was used to correct confounding by indication.

Results

Thirty-six patients in the intervention group and 32 in the control group were compared. More patients in the intervention group (82.1%) than in the control group (54.2%) experienced improvement in fatigue, P = 0.029, Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) -0.624. Over 70% of patients in the intervention group achieved a clinically relevant improvement in fatigue. Compared to the control group, quality of life improved in the intervention group. Acceptance of the health status was a significant factor for fatigue improvement (β 7.899, SE 1.913, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Multimodal lifestyle intervention improves fatigue in patients with IBD. Acceptance appears essential for fatigue improvement; instruments evaluating acceptance could help to personalize treatment and maximize its effectiveness.
Impact of loading, heart rate and short episodes of ischaemia on myocardial stiffness assessed using shear wave elastography in an open-chest animal model
Authors: Saloux Eric , Simard Christophe , Ruello Pauline , Lemaitre Adrien , Hodzic Amir , Lebrun Alexandre , Dupont Pierre-Antoine , Tribouilloy Christophe , Eltchaninoff Hélène , Le Garec Morgane , Fraschini Christophe , Saplacan Vladimir , Manrique Alain
Published: February 2025

Aims

Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is a new promising ultrasound modality that enables non-invasive measurement of the dynamic myocardial stiffness. The impact of varying physiological conditions on SWE measurement of left ventricular (LV) myocardial stiffness remains poorly investigated.

Methods and results

Nineteen sheep were evaluated during open-chest surgery. Epicardial multiframe SWE acquisitions were performed in short axis view simultaneously with hemodynamic acquisitions during inferior vena cava occlusion, aortic clamping, atrial pacing and ischaemia-reperfusion. The cyclic variation in the median value of LV myocardial stiffness ranged from 1.1 m/s in diastole (Cmin) to 2.4 m/s in systole (Cmax). At steady state, intra-animal reproducibility was good for Cmin (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC= 0.77 [0.54, 0.90], p < 0.001) and Cmax (ICC= 0.92 [0.84, 0.96], p < 0.001). Cmin was independent of loading conditions, heart rate and short 15-minute episodes of ischaemia and reperfusion. Cmax was independent of loading conditions and moderate increase in heart rate but decreased significantly during ischaemia and reperfusion. Compared to baseline, percentage changes in Cmax was correlated to percentage changes in dP/dtmax (R=0.47, p = 0.001) and in LV systolic pressure (R=0.35, p=0.013) and SW (R=0.31, p=0.026).

Conclusion

In this study, LV diastolic myocardial stiffness Cmin assessed using SWE demonstrated the characteristics of a potentially useful clinical marker of LV diastolic function linked to the intrinsic elastic properties of the myocardium, whereas Cmax was an indicator of LV contractility.
Obtaining complete and canonical ammonia-oxidizing bacteria through specific labelling and cell sorting
Authors: Blom Pieter , Huizing Pascal C , de Monlevad João P R C , van Kessel Maartje A H J , Lücker Sebastian
Published: February 2025

Mitigation of the negative environmental consequences of excess anthropogenic nitrogen input requires a thorough understanding of the processes driving the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Nitrification is one of the key nitrogen-cycling processes and is performed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and complete nitrifiers. However, the fastidious growth of nitrifiers largely hampered their isolation using classical cultivation techniques, as most nitrifiers do not grow on solid media. Here, we present a workflow for the targeted enrichment and isolation of complete and canonical ammonia-oxidizing bacteria by combining function-specific in vivo fluorescent labelling with cell sorting. Optimized floc disruption and labelling techniques enlarged the fraction of planktonic cells and the fluorescent signal intensity, respectively, while maintaining cell viability. Sorted fractions were incubated in ammonium-containing mineral media and were screened for nitrite and nitrate production. Nitrifying cultures were upscaled and characterized with 16S rRNA and amoA gene-targeted PCRs and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Overall, we obtained one axenic and one enriched Nitrosomonas, and seven comammox Nitrospira enrichment cultures from five bioreactors, a recirculating aquaculture system biofilter, and agricultural soil. In conclusion, the presented workflow enables the fast and targeted retrieval of ammonia oxidizers from complex samples, allowing for in-depth physiological characterization.
Artificial neural network technique for simulation of improved thermal energy of Reiner–Philippoff nanofluid over a stretching curved surface
Authors: Aldandani Mohammed , Jan Ahmed , Alsaeed Salman S , Farooq Umer
Published: February 2025

In mechanical engineering and industrial applications, single-walled carbon and multi-walled nanotubes are becoming more popular because of their direct impact on improving the thermal conductivity of base fluids. Considering the fascinating characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the objective of this study is to examine the influence of radiation on the movement of nanofluids suspended in CNTs across a stretched sheet affected by slip state, while a magnetic field is present. Combining neural networks with the backpropagation technique based on the Levenberg–Marquardt scheme is a new computer model that this study proposes. Applying it to the flow of non-Newtonian Riner–Philippoff boundary layers via a curved tensile plate allows one to derive non-linear systems from the governing equations and solve them. Furthermore, the partial differential equations for the magnetohydrodynamics boundary layer flow across a curved stretched sheet are transformed into non-similar dimensionless partial differential equations, which are then handled as ordinary differential equations using the local non-similarity method and solved using the bvp4c MATLAB tools. By adjusting the following embedding settings, a variety of scenarios are used to generate an input data set for the presented Levenberg Marquardt scheme- Back-Propagation Neural Network (LMS-BPNN) model: Bingham, Riener–Philippoff fluid, and magnetic parameter. To compare the produced scenarios' outcomes with the reference results, we assess the LMS-BPNN model's training, testing, and validation. The efficacy and performance of the LMS-BPNN infrastructure model are assessed using a variety of metrics for the fluidic system convergence study, among which are regression graphs, an error histogram, and the mean square error (MSE). Using the built-in scenarios, we evaluate the training, testing, and validation of the LMS-BPNN model while assessing the findings to the standard outcomes. MSE, error histogram, and regression plots are used to evaluate the LMS-BPNN infrastructure model for the fluidic system convergence study.
Combined internal fixation and autologous chondrocyte implantation for tibial plateau fracture concomitant with cartilage injury: a case report
Authors: Sogi Yasuhito , Ohnuma Masahiro , Kunii Tomonori , Takahashi Atsushi , Aizawa Toshimi
Published: February 2025

This is the first report of tibia plateau fracture (TPF) concomitant with a large cartilage injury, which was treated with consecutive procedures comprising internal fixation and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). A 49-year-old male patient was diagnosed with a medial tibial plateau fracture concomitant with a large medial femoral condyle cartilage injury. The patient underwent internal fixation and ACI at a 4-week interval. One year after the surgery, he could resume daily activities and sports. Magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic findings showed that the injured cartilage was covered by hyaline cartilage-like tissue. TPF concomitant with large cartilage injury can be treated with consecutive internal fixation and ACI procedures, shortening the overall treatment period and favorable outcomes.
Social Media Engagement and Quit Intentions among Youth with Exclusive E-cigarette Use: The Moderating Role of Social Norms
Authors: Jebai Rime , Hong Traci , Ranker Lynsie R , Wu Jiaxi , Rohila Aarushi , Fetterman Jessica L , Cornacchione Ross Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Introduction

E-cigarette use is prevalent among US youth. Little is known about the association between engagement with e-cigarette-related social media posts, vaping norms, and intention to quit e-cigarettes among youth who exclusively use e-cigarettes.

Methods

A cross-sectional national online survey was conducted among a sample of youth aged 13-18 who reported exclusive e-cigarette use in the past 30 days. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between engagement with e-cigarette-related posts on social media, vaping social norms, and intention to quit e-cigarettes. Two interaction terms were added between descriptive and injunctive norm variables and engagement with social media posts, respectively, to test the potential differential effect of social norms on intention to quit. Models were adjusted for demographic and e-cigarette use variables.

Results

The sample (N=143) was 62% females; 69% identified as White and 20% as Black. Engaging with e-cigarette-related posts on social media was associated with higher odds of an intention to quit e-cigarettes compared to those who never engaged with e-cigarette posts [adjusted aOR=2.70, 95%CI (1.13,6.42)]. Intention to quit e-cigarettes was lower among youth who believed the use of e-cigarettes was common (descriptive norms) [0.71, (0.57,0.88)], and who described the views of people important to them as positive (vs. negative; injunctive norms) [0.26, (0.07,0.98)]. Youth who engaged with posts and had positive views from people important to them on e-cigarettes (injunctive norms) were less likely to express an intent to quit vaping (aOR=0.10; p-value=0.0394).

Conclusions

Social media exposure and social norms may influence quit intentions among youth who exclusively use e-cigarettes. Targeted interventions on social media to address the potential of these factors in promoting cessation behaviors are needed.

IMPLICATIONS

Our study highlights the interplay between social media engagement, descriptive and injunctive social norms of vaping, and intention to quit e-cigarette use among youth who exclusively use e-cigarettes. These insights are crucial for designing effective, targeted social media-based cessation interventions, promoting quitting intentions, and addressing misperceptions about vaping, thereby supporting youth cessation behaviors
Intrinsic stiffness and Θ-solvent regime in intrinsically disordered proteins: Implications for liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Baidya Lipika , Kremer Kurt , Reddy Govardhan
Published: February 2025

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) exhibited by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) depends on the solvation state around the Θ-regime, which separates good from poor solvent. Experimentally, the Θ-solvent regime of the finite length (N) IDPs, as probed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and single molecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET), is in disagreement. Using computer simulations of a coarse-grained IDP model, we address the effect of chain length on the Θ-regime of IDPs with polar side chains (polyglutamine) and hydrophobic side chains (polyleucine) subject to varying concentrations of cosolvents [C], urea (denaturant) or trimethylamine N-oxide (protective osmolyte) in water. Due to their intrinsic stiffness, these IDPs are always expanded on short-length scales, independent of the solvent quality. As a result, for short IDP sequences (≈10 to 25 residues), their propensity to exhibit LLPS cannot be inferred from single-chain properties. Further, for finite-size IDPs, the cosolvent concentration to attain the Θ-regime ([CΘ]) extracted from the structure factor emulating SAXS and pair distances mimicking smFRET differs. They converge to the same cosolvent concentration only at large N, indicating that finite size corrections vary for different IDP properties. We show that the radius of gyration (Rg) of the IDPs in the Θ-solvent regime satisfies the scaling relation Rg2=Nf(cN), which can be exploited to accurately extract [CΘ] (c=([C]/[CΘ]−1)). We demonstrate the importance of finite size aspects originating from the chain stiffness and thermal blob size in analyzing IDP properties to identify the Θ-solvent regime.
A Case of Recurrent Eyelid Cutaneous Myxoma With Basaloid Proliferation in a Child
Authors: Stoieva Margaryta , O'Donnell Emily
Published: February 2025

Cutaneous myxomas are extremely rare in the pediatric population. We describe a case of an eyelid cutaneous myxoma with multiple recurrences in an 8-year-old child. The lesion once previously diagnosed as eccrine hidrocystoma had been excised three times with subsequent recurrence. Frozen section diagnosis performed during the fourth excision showed striking basaloid features, prompting deferral of definitive diagnosis to permanent sections. Following routine processing, basaloid proliferations were again seen without significant atypia or mitotic activity in addition to background features of myxoma. CD10 immunostain highlighted both basaloid nests and surrounding stroma. Cutaneous myxoma was diagnosed. The diagnosis was corroborated by an external consultation. The patient underwent genetic testing for the Carney complex with negative results. This case report raises some practical points. First, due to their rarity in the pediatric population and potential to mimic other entities, cutaneous myxomas can be misdiagnosed as other benign neoplasms. Second, although induction of basaloid proliferation has been well-documented in myxoma, it can be easily misinterpreted as a malignant process, particularly in the setting of a frozen section diagnosis and lack of available clinical information. Third, even though solitary cutaneous myxomas are less likely to be associated with the Carney complex, a possibility of such an association should always be born in mind, as consequences of missing syndromic neoplasms, such as cardiac myxoma, can be lethal.
Efficacy of 3D-Printed Cranial Remolding Orthoses for Infants in Australia
Authors: Graham Tiffany , Wang Jijia
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Cranial remolding orthoses (CROs) have been used to treat various types of infantile nonsynostotic cranial deformation worldwide, but little is known about the treatment outcomes with the newer 3D-printed orthoses.

Objectives

This study examines the efficacy of 3D-printed cranial orthoses in the Australian population by retrospectively examining treatment outcomes for infants with deformational head shapes and developing predictive arrays that may have clinical utility.

Study Design

This is a retrospective chart review of infants treated at a multisite clinic in Australia between 2019 and 2023.

Methods

Subjects were divided into groups according to their presenting severity and changes in cephalic measurements over the course of treatment. Results were stratified by initial head shape type and presented in terms of measurement change per millimeter of cranial circumferential growth. Predictive arrays were created using expected cranial circumferential growth for typically developing infants and mean treatment results based on initial head shape and infantile age.

Results

A total of 257 infants were fit with 3D-printed CROs (initial cranial vault asymmetry index range = 0.21 to 19.59 and initial cephalic ratio range = 73.2% to 107.86%). All infants saw improvement in their cranial shape. Predictive arrays were developed to assist with estimating clinical expectations of treatment results based on 4 months of cranial growth for typically developing infants.

Conclusions

Results suggest 3D-printed cranial orthoses are effective in reducing cranial deformation in the Australian infantile population.

Clinical Relevance

3D-printed CROs are relatively new and seem to be effective in reducing cranial deformation. The predictive arrays may be a useful quick reference tool for practitioners to determine if it is likely for an infant to achieve full cranial correction in 4 months based on the infant’s presenting age and severity.
Predicting disease-free survival following curative-intent resection of right-sided colon cancer using a pre- and post-operative monogram: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Lucocq James , Trinder Tom , Homyer Kate , Baig Hassan , Patil Pradeep , Muthukumarasamy Girivasan
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Disease prognostication can be achieved through the derivation of biologically and clinically integrated prediction models. The present study reports 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) in patients undergoing right hemicolectomy for curative intent and both derives and validates a pre- and post-operative prediction tool for DFS for prognostication and risk stratification purposes.

Method:

Consecutive patients undergoing right-sided curative-intent resection for colorectal cancer (2010–2020) in a tertiary care unit were followed-up prospectively for recurrence and survival outcomes. Survival analyses were used to derive pre- and post-operative models predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS. Calibration was reported and internal validation was performed using bootstrapping.

Results:

A total of 822 patients underwent resection and 528 had ≥5-year follow-up. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS rates were 85.6%, 72.5% and 57.6%, respectively. Variables associated with death/recurrence included: increasing age (HR > 1.95, P = 0.037), male gender (HR 1.62, P < 0.001), ASA ≥3 (HR 1.79, P < 0.001), low albumin (HR 1.54, P < 0.001), T4 stage (HR 2.35, P = 0.023), R1 status (HR 1.63, P = 0.024), ≥4 positive lymph nodes (HR > 1.74, P < 0.001) and Clavien-Dindo ≥3 (HR 2.83, P < 0.001). The pre- and post-operative models contained 9 and 13 demographic, clinical, biochemical, operative and pathological variables, respectively (C-index 0.75 and 0.78, respectively). Excluding demographic, clinical and operative variables significantly reduced the C-index of the pre- (0.62) and post-operative models (0.69).

Conclusion:

The presented prediction tools for DFS will help clinicians stratify risk, offer appropriate adjuvant treatment and predict long-term survival following curative-intent right-sided colon cancer resection.
Lichen Sclerosus in Cancer Patients
Authors: Geisler Amaris N. , Jain Shivani , Long Roche Kara , Goldfrank Deborah J. , Markova Alina , Lacouture Mario E. , Noor Sarah J.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To characterize the association between cancer therapies and the development of lichen sclerosus (LS) in a case series of patients.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed to screen for patients who were diagnosed with LS while undergoing cancer therapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 2003 and 2019. Patients were excluded if they had been diagnosed with LS prior to starting cancer therapy. Clinical and treatment characteristics were analyzed.

Results

The final study sample included 29 female patients who developed LS in the setting of systemic cancer therapy. Median time to LS onset after cancer therapy initiation was 420 days. Primary tumor types included breast (10, 34.5%), gynecologic (8, 27.6%), gastrointestinal (5, 17.2%), cutaneous (2, 6.9%), lung (2, 6.9%), and hematologic (2, 6.9%). Cancer therapy regimens included hormonal therapy (10, 34.5%), chemoradiation (7, 24.1%), cytotoxic chemotherapy (7, 24.1%), PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (3, 10.3%), local radiation (1, 3.4%), and allogeneic stem cell transplant (1, 3.4%). Across all patients, the mean number of treatments for LS was 2.8. Twenty-three (79.3%) patients received the first-line therapy of ultrapotent topical steroids, but 16 (69.6%) required additional topical and systemic treatment. Limitations include retrospective design and referral bias.

Conclusions

Breast cancer was the most common primary tumor among patients in this study. The most common cancer therapy regimen was hormonal therapy. Most patients required an escalation in therapy to manage their LS. For patients undergoing cancer treatment, concomitant LS management can present unique challenges due to the biological mechanism of some anticancer therapies and the pathophysiology of LS. There is limited data to guide treatment of LS for this population. Some of the patients included in this analysis had progression of LS and recurrence of cancer while undergoing management of both conditions, necessitating close follow-up.
Dome osteotomy for cubitus varus correction in a 26-year-old male with left elbow gunstock deformation: a case report
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Husnain , Ashraf Mirza Zaid , Ali Masab , Babar Ilsa , Javeriya Sana , Chaudhary Kanchan , Saeed Humza
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cubitus varus deformity is a common complication of untreated elbow fractures in children but is rare and challenging to treat in adults. This study presents the first documented case of correcting cubitus varus deformity in an adult.

Case presentation:

A 26-year-old male laborer presented with a deformed left elbow and impaired limb function due to a childhood fall. Clinical examination revealed a 30-degree cubitus varus deformity (Grade IV), confirmed by x-rays of the limb showing malunion with increased Baumann’s and metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle. The surgical intervention involved a dome osteotomy using a triceps-splitting approach under general anesthesia. The deformity was corrected by manipulating the distal fragment in the coronal and sagittal planes and fixing it with a dynamic compression plate and interfragment screw. Postoperative care included immobilization in a long arm cast and progressive rehabilitation.

Clinical discussion:

This case demonstrates the effectiveness of dome osteotomy in correcting adult cubitus varus deformity. The technique provides precise correction by targeting the center of rotation of angulation, ensuring superior bone contact and stability. It also minimizes periosteal dissection, reducing the risk of thermal necrosis and preserving bone length. As compared to other osteotomy techniques, dome osteotomy allows for correction in multiple planes and achieves better functional and cosmetic outcomes, despite being technically demanding.

Conclusion:

Dome osteotomy is an effective surgical option for correcting cubitus varus deformity in adults, providing excellent functional and aesthetic results. This case highlights the importance of precise preoperative planning and meticulous surgical execution for optimal outcomes in patients with complex deformities.
River blindness: a devastating yet neglected tropical disease in Africa
Authors: Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Rumaisa Riaz , Budair Mayar Moustafa , Rusho Maher Ali , Mousa Hazem Mohamed , Naaz Farheen , Suheb Mahammed Khan , Khan Afsheen , Alhassan Amidu , Mufungizi Innocent , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Karegeya Adolphe , Mugisha Mc Juan Muco , Zihindula Freddy , Rugendabanga Excellent , Onesime Jones , Hangi Samson , Akilimali Aymar
Published: February 2025

River blindness is a Neglected Tropical Disease prevalent in Africa. It is transmitted through infected black flies that breed around fast-flowing rivers and streams. Over 120 million people in 31 African countries are at risk of contracting the disease, particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare access. Despite effective treatments being available, river blindness remains a major health issue. This is due to challenges in delivering treatment to remote areas, limited preventative measures and inadequate resources. Addressing this disease requires widespread distribution of ivermectin (antiparasitic drug) through mass drug administration programs. Vector control measures are also imperative to limit transmission. International collaboration and funding play a crucial role in the fight against river blindness in Africa; NGOs provide support for drug procurement and research. Strong partnerships between governments and various organizations play a pivotal role in potentially putting an end to this disease.
Diagnostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in Crohn’s disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Karwan Anwar Hassan ALJAF , Hama Salih Ahmed , Mohammed Mohammed Omer , Rahim Hawbash M.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Investigating non-invasive laboratory biomarkers for detecting and classifying Crohn’s disease (CD) activity remains challenging. Here, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of immunological biomarkers in identifying disease activity in newly diagnosed CD patients.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed from October 2022 to July 2023 and included 20 healthy participants and 46 confirmed newly diagnosed CD patients in a Teaching Hospital for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sulaimani, Iraq. The patients were categorized according to the disease activity assessed according to the Harvey-Bradshaw Index and divided into remission and active CD.

Results:

A statistically higher serum C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was found among the remission CD group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.0002, respectively) and active CD group (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively) compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, the mean C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels among active CD were also considerably higher than those of remission CD (P = 0.018 and 0.005, respectively). The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio was significantly lower in patients with active disease (3.01 ± 1.36) than in remission patients (6.77 ± 2.17) (cutoff<4.42, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.807, 95% CI, 77.35-98.73%, 93% sensitivity, and 78% specificity). Although the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly elevated in active patients (3.64 ± 2.004) compared to healthy controls (1.91 ± 0.48; p = 0.0001), it is not usable for disease activity or severity as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.68 (95% CI, 52.22%-85.08%, sensitivity = 79%, specificity = 62%).

Conclusion:

Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio can be an affordable, easily accessible test that shows promise for determining disease activity in newly diagnosed CD patients.