bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-power mid-infrared femtosecond master oscillator power amplifier Er:ZBLAN fiber laser system
Authors: Yu Linpeng , Liang Jinhui , Zeng Qinghui , Wang Jiacheng , Luo Xing , Wang Jinzhang , Yan Peiguang , Dong Fanlong , Liu Xing , Lü Qitao , Guo Chunyu , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: June 2023

High-power femtosecond mid-infrared (MIR) lasers are of vast importance to both fundamental research and applications. We report a high-power femtosecond master oscillator power amplifier laser system consisting of a single-mode Er:ZBLAN fiber mode-locked oscillator and pre-amplifier followed by a large-mode-area Er:ZBLAN fiber main amplifier. The main amplifier is actively cooled and bidirectionally pumped at 976 nm, generating a slope efficiency of 26.9%. Pulses of 8.12 W, 148 fs at 2.8 μm with a repetition rate of 69.65 MHz are achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power ever achieved from a femtosecond MIR laser source. Such a compact ultrafast laser system is promising for a wide range of applications, such as medical surgery and material processing.
Interaction of a moving shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Touré Patrice S.R. , Schülein Erich
Published: June 2023

In the present study, the influence of a uniformly moving impinging shock on the resulting shock wave–turbulent boundary layer interaction is numerically investigated. The relative Mach number of the shock front travelling above a flat-plate model varied between 0 and 2.3, while the quasi-steady inflow conditions remained constant with a Mach number of 3. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of shock travelling speed, a well-known scaling method for interaction length in quasi-steady flows was applied as a reference after significant improvements in modelling the effects of Reynolds number and wall temperature using new and existing data. Moreover, previously obtained experimental results for a limited range of travelling speeds were employed to validate the obtained numerical results. Three ranges of shock travelling speeds with distinctly different properties were extracted and quantitatively described using a developed correlation-based approach built on the extended quasi-stationary scaling law. In the first range, the scaled interaction length reaches its maximum for the given interaction strength and can be directly described by the scaling law obtained for quasi-stationary interactions. In the second travelling-speed range, the dependence of the interaction length on the interaction strength is explicitly influenced by the shock movement. With increasing shock travelling speed, the scaled interaction length here decreases significantly faster than in the quasi-stationary reference case. The end of this speed range is reached when the absolute shock front speed has caught up with the maximum speed of sound in the interaction zone, and thus the interaction length has fallen to zero. This travelling-speed limit signifies the transition to the third range, where upstream influence is no longer possible.
Anatomy of the holotype of ‘Probelesodon’ kitchingi revisited, a chiniquodontid cynodont (Synapsida, Probainognathia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil
Authors: Hoffmann Carolina A. , de Andrade Marco B. , Martinelli Agustín G.
Published: June 2023

Chiniquodontidae is a family of nonmammaliaform probainognathian cynodonts with occurrences in the Middle to Late Triassic of Africa and South America (Brazil and Argentina). The history of the family is marked by changes in composition and revisions due to the poor preservation of the first discovered specimens. Currently, Chiniquodontidae includes two genera and six species. Here, we apply the computed tomography (CT-scan) method to describe and revise the morphology of one of the best-preserved chiniquodontid specimens (MCP 1600 PV, holotype of ‘Probelesodon’ kitchingi Sá-Teixeira, 1982) from Brazil, which allowed the visualization of sutures and the segmentation of each bone. The CT-scan data also revealed some previously undescribed traits due to the presence of matrix covering structures of the skull. In addition, the morphological comparisons revealed differences of MCP 1600 PV in relation to the other chiniquodontids, and eight discrete cranial features not related to ontogeny indicate that ‘Probelesodon’ kitchingi might not be included within Chiniquodon theotonicus Huene, 1936. Therefore, we consider the species valid but propose the new combination Chiniquodon kitchingi. Moreover, the results obtained highlighted the necessity of a reassessment of the family, as well as the description of new specimens, morphometric analyses, and use of CT-scan, when feasible.
Brain waves spectral analysis of human responses to odorous and non-odorous substances: a preliminary study
Authors: Chow Xiao Hong , Ting Chee Ming , Wan Hamizan Aneeza Khairiyah , Zahedi Farah Dayana , Tan Hui Jan , Remli Rabani , Khoo Ching Soong , Ombao Hernando , Sahibulddin Siti Zaleha , Husain Salina
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the potential electrophysiological biomarkers of human responses by comparing the electroencephalogram brain wave changes towards lavender versus normal saline in a healthy human population.

Method

This study included a total of 44 participants without subjective olfactory disturbances. Lavender and normal saline were used as the olfactory stimulant and control. Electroencephalogram was recorded and power spectra were analysed by the spectral analysis for each alpha, beta, delta, theta and gamma bandwidth frequency upon exposure to lavender and normal saline independently.

Results

The oscillatory brain activities in response to the olfactory stimulant indicated that the lavender smell decreased the beta activity in the left frontal (F7 electrode) and central region (C3 electrode) with a reduction in the gamma activity in the right parietal region (P4 electrode) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Olfactory stimulants result in changes of electrical brain activities in different brain regions, as evidenced by the topographical brain map and spectra analysis of each brain wave.
Beyond ultra-processed: considering the future role of food processing in human health
Authors: Forde Ciarán G.
Published: June 2023

Food-based dietary guidelines have been the basis of public health recommendations for over half a century, but more recently, there has been a trend to classify the health properties of food not by its nutrient composition, but by the degree to which it has been processed. This concept has been supported by many association studies, narrative reviews and the findings from one randomised controlled feeding trial, which demonstrated the sustained effect of ultra-processed diets on increasing both energy intake and body weight. This has led to widespread speculation as to specific features of ultra-processed foods that promote increased energy intakes. Rising interest in the ultra-processed topic has led to proposals to include guidance and restrictions on the consumption of processed foods in national dietary guidelines, with some countries encouraging consumers to avoid highly processed foods completely, and only choose minimally processed foods. However, there remains a lack of consensus on the role of processed foods in human health when faced with the challenges of securing the food supply for a growing global population, that is, healthy, affordable and sustainable. There has also been criticism of the subjective nature of definitions used to differentiate foods by their degree of processing, and there is currently a lack of empirical data to support a clear mechanism by which highly processed foods promote greater energy intakes. Recommendations to avoid all highly processed foods are potentially harmful if they remove affordable sources of nutrients and will be impractical for most when an estimated two-thirds of current energy purchased are from processed or ultra-processed foods. The current review highlights some considerations when interpreting the dietary association studies that link processed food intake to health and offers a critique on some of the mechanisms proposed to explain the link between ultra-processed food and poor health. Recent research suggests a combination of higher energy density and faster meal eating rates are likely to influence meal size and energy intakes from processed foods and offers new perspectives on how to manage this in the future. In going beyond the ultra-processed debate, the aim is to summarise some important considerations when interpreting existing data and identify the important gaps for future research on the role of processed food in health.
Maximum likelihood estimate sharing for collective perception in static environments for swarm robotics
Authors: Abdelli Ahmed , Yachir Ali , Amamra Abdenour , Khaldi Belkacem
Published: June 2023

Collective decision-making by a swarm of robots is of paramount importance. In particular, the problem of collective perception wherein a swarm of robots aims to achieve consensus on the prevalent feature in the environment. Recently, this problem has been formulated as a discrete collective estimation scenario to estimate their proportion rather than deciding about the prevalent one. Nevertheless, the performance of the existing strategies to resolve this scenario is either poor or depends on higher communication bandwidth. In this work, we propose a novel decision-making strategy based on maximum likelihood estimate sharing (MLES) to resolve the discrete collective estimation scenario. Experimentally, we compare the tradeoff speed versus accuracy of MLES with state-of-the-art methods in the literature, such as direct comparison (DC) and distributed Bayesian belief sharing (DBBS). Interestingly, MLES achieves an accurate consensus nearly 20% faster than DBBS, its communication bandwidth requirement is the same as DC but six times less than DBBS, and its computational complexity is
$O(1)$
. Furthermore, we investigate how noisy sensors affect the effectiveness of the strategies under consideration, with MLES showing better sustainability.
SPECIFICATION TESTS FOR TIME-VARYING COEFFICIENT PANEL DATA MODELS
Authors: Atak Alev , Yang Thomas Tao , Zhang Yonghui , Zhou Qiankun
Published: June 2023

This paper provides nonparametric specification tests for the commonly used homogeneous and stable coefficients structures in panel data models. We first obtain the augmented residuals by estimating the model under the null hypothesis and then run auxiliary time series regressions of augmented residuals on covariates with time-varying coefficients (TVCs) via sieve methods. The test statistic is then constructed by averaging the squared fitted values, which are close to zero under the null and deviate from zero under the alternatives. We show that the test statistic, after being appropriately standardized, is asymptotically normal under the null and under a sequence of Pitman local alternatives. A bootstrap procedure is proposed to improve the finite sample performance of our test. In addition, we extend the procedure to test other structures, such as the homogeneity of TVCs or the stability of heterogeneous coefficients. The joint test is extended to panel models with two-way fixed effects. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that our tests perform reasonably well in finite samples. We apply the tests to re-examine the environmental Kuznets curve in the United States, and find that the model with homogenous TVCs is more appropriate for this application.
Sorry Not Sorry
Authors: Kelting Lily
Published: June 2023

Monster Truck’s performances reproduce power dynamics that are at once painful and hurtful. By staging the representational process of dehumanizing black bodies, Monster Truck applies a different strategy than other Freie Szene groups: shining a bright light on dark discourse, selling the audience’s own willing consumption of neocolonial power relationships back to them as art.
From Postmigrant to Posthuman
Authors: Layne Priscilla
Published: June 2023

A recent trend in Black German theatre engages with fantasy and posthumanism to criticize German racism and nationalism. In Krieg der Hörnchen (War of the Squirrels), Simone Dede Ayivi combines posthumanism and postnationalism, using German fears of invasive gray squirrels taking over the habitat of native red squirrels to reimagine xenophobic and racist debates about migration.
From the Spirit of Music
Authors: Roesner David
Published: June 2023

Theatre music has been a key driver of theatrical invention, innovation, and style since 2010 in German theatre and arguably for some years before that. This is evidenced in creative partnerships between individual directors and composers (and sometimes bands), in a strong presence of music in the rehearsal rooms, in musical forms of postdramatic writing, and in forms of acting styles and performance aesthetics where music plays a formative role.
Elections in Hard Places
Authors: Miller Michael K.
Published: June 2023

Despite their long-held reputation as controlled affairs, autocratic elections continue to surprise. Recent years have seen turnovers in power or unexpected opposition gains in such far-flung places as Guinea-Bissau, Venezuela, Malaysia, and Bhutan. Of course, in many other dictatorships, ruling parties resoundingly win their elections and only increase their aura of dominance. Yet even when turnover is unlikely, elections can loom over autocratic politics like a squall line on the horizon. For instance, many observers claim that Putin’s planned reelection in 2024 makes him less willing to accept defeat in Ukraine. How do we make sense of the inner workings and surprising outcomes of these elections?
Health care reform and financial crisis in the Netherlands: consequences for the financial arena of health care organizations
Authors: van Dijk T. S. , van der Scheer W. K. , Felder M. , Janssen R. T. J. M.
Published: June 2023

Over the past decade, many health care systems across the Global North have implemented elements of market mechanisms while also dealing with the consequences of the financial crisis. Although effects of these two developments have been researched separately, their combined impact on the governance of health care organizations has received less attention. The aim of this study is to understand how health care reforms and the financial crisis together shaped new roles and interactions within health care. The Netherlands – where dynamics between health care organizations and their financial stakeholders (i.e., banks and health insurers) were particularly impacted – provides an illustrative case. Through semi-structured interviews, additional document analysis and insights from institutional change theory, we show how banks intensified relationship management, increased demands on loan applications and shifted financial risks onto health care organizations, while health insurers tightened up their monitoring and accountability practices towards health care organizations. In return, health care organizations were urged to rearrange their operations and become more risk-minded. They became increasingly dependent on banks and health insurers for their existence. Moreover, with this study, we show how institutional arenas come about through both the long-term efforts of institutional agents and unpredictable implications of economic and societal crises.
Learning Approaches: Cross-Cultural Differences (Spain–Argentina) and Academic Achievement in College Students
Authors: Freiberg-Hoffmann Agustín , Romero-Medina Agustín , López-Fernández Beatriz , Fernández-Liporace Mercedes
Published: June 2023

Learning approaches describe the students’ degree of cognitive commitment to learning in diverse types of academic tasks and educational environments. Even though from a micro-level perspective different profiles of approaches have been identified in high-achievement undergraduates attending several majors, such profiles have not been examined from a macro-level approach in terms of distinct educational cultures. Therefore, the research involved two studies conducted on undergraduates from Argentina and Spain: The first one was aimed at analyzing the psychometric features of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) whereas the second was focused on examining the learning approaches profiles of high and low achievers attending the same major (Psychology) in two different educational cultures (Spain and Argentina). The scale’s original internal structure, examined on a sample of 400 participants (50% Spanish), was verified except for one item, which was fatherly eliminated. The resulting structure was tested and proven verified in a new sample (N = 1,334; 58.3% Spanish) by confirmatory factor analysis, factorial invariance, and internal consistency studies. External validity evidence was examined as well. Additionally, norms to be used in the professional field were calculated.

Profiles of learning approaches by academic achievement from each country were examined by latent class analysis. In both cases, high achievers reported higher and more frequent use of the Deep and Strategic approaches and lower and less frequent usage of the Surface one. Further studies should replicate these analyses in undergraduates attending other majors in order to test the hypothesis sustaining these findings’ generalization.
Den Berufseinstieg von neu examinierten Pflegenden unterstützen I
Authors: Sorber Michaela , Knecht Christiane
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Nach Abschluss der Ausbildung beginnt von einem auf den anderen Tag das voll verantwortliche Arbeiten als examinierte Pflegefachperson. Den Fragen, wie der Übergang in den Beruf wahrgenommen wird, welche flankierenden Maßnahmen international beschrieben werden und wo sich Beispiele für Unterstützungsansätze für Deutschland finden lassen, widmet sich dieser Beitrag.
Eine Pflegende erzählt
Authors: Herzog Anja
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Anhand einer phänomenologischen Situationsanalyse kreieren die Auszubildenen für die „alltäglichen“ Phänomene ihrer Praxis in Verbindung mit den Wissensbeständen eigene Worte. Folgend wird exemplarisch eine Lerneinheit präsentiert.
Das Auge lernt mit!
Authors: Key Michaela , Bay Katrin , Blumenstein Gilles , Jensen Bettina
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Wie gelingt es, ein betriebspädagogisches Konzept in ein handliches Arbeitsinstrument zu überführen? Diese Frage stellten sich Berufsbildende und Bildungsverantwortliche bei der Arbeit mit dem „Cognitive Apprenticeship“-Konzept (CAS). Um die Elemente des CAS kreativ zu kombinieren, ist das flexible Drehscheiben-Modell als Arbeitsinstrument entstanden.
Goal Adjustment and Subjective Well-Being in Adulthood
Authors: Leipold Bernhard , Loepthien Tim , Loidl Barbara , Saalwirth Christina
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Studies on motivational development in adulthood often use self-report measures to examine the relationship between aspects of goal adjustment (accommodative coping, detachment from goals, goal pursuit), and well-being. Most have focused on how tendencies in general goal adjustment regulate subjective well-being. The present study examined the longitudinal associations between well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect) and goal adjustment and between accommodative coping and goal pursuit. Variables were assessed in a three-wave longitudinal study (intervals of about 1 year) with a sample of N = 305 adults aged 30–78 years. Longitudinal effects were computed with latent growth models. Results showed that increases in well-being predicted increases in goal pursuit and accommodative coping (positive reappraisal/personal growth, acceptance, reorientation). Increases in accommodative coping predicted increases in goal pursuit and goal detachment. The initial level of goal pursuit predicted decreases in accommodative coping, and the initial level of accommodative coping predicted increases in well-being. In sum, the study demonstrated that subjective well-being is a resource for goal pursuit and accommodative coping, but also that an increase in well-being profits from both. The study provided evidence for the growing relationships of goal adjustment facets.
A Simulation of Artificial Neutral Gas‐Dust Plasma in the Ionosphere
Authors: Feng Jie , Guo Lixin , Xu Bin , Wu Jian , Li Haiying , Liang Yonggan , Xu Zhengwen , Zhao Haisheng , Ma Zhengzheng , Wang Cheng
Published: June 2023

Dusty plasma is generally defined as a plasma system containing a large number of nano‐ or micron‐sized dust particles. Its plasma properties and propagation properties of wave travel through it is of great scientific significance to the understanding of many fundamental problems in space physics and astrophysics. Based on previous studies on rocket exhaust and Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes, fluid mechanics and dust microphysics are combined to simulate the ionospheric plasma structure generated by neutral gases and charged aerosols using fluid theory and kinetic theory. The Total Electron Content of the in‐situ detection beacon is simulated and compared with the experimental phenomenon given in Charged Aerosol Release Experiment by Bernhardt et al. The ray tracing algorithm is used to simulate the path deflection of the radio wave when it passes through the artificial disturbance area generated by the gas‐solid mixture, and the simulation results of ionosonde and analysis are given. Since the neutral gas expands substantially isotropically after being released, the resulting depleted structure is an approximately isotropic sphere, or an acorn‐like structure. The solid particles are constrained by the nozzle, and particles will distribute within a spray angle, and the depletion structure will appear as a “broom‐like” or “cone‐like” structure. If the size of dust particles is small enough, the particle movement will be restricted by the geomagnetic field, resulting in a “squid‐like” ionospheric structure. Because of the fishtail‐like sharp boundary, radio waves passing through it are deflected in a specific path, which is markedly different from the effect of pure neutral gas injected into the ionosphere.
A bi-steric mTORC1-selective inhibitor overcomes drug resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Meng Delong , Zhao Xin , Yang Yu Chi , Navickas Albertas , Helland Ciara , Goodarzi Hani , Singh Mallika , Bandyopadhyay Sourav
Published: June 2023

Activation of the PI3K-mTOR pathway is central to breast cancer pathogenesis including resistance to many targeted therapies. The mTOR kinase forms two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and understanding which is required for the survival of malignant cells has been limited by tools to selectively and completely impair either subcomplex. To address this, we used RMC-6272, a bi-steric molecule with a rapamycin-like moiety linked to an mTOR active-site inhibitor that displays >25-fold selectivity for mTORC1 over mTORC2 substrates. Complete suppression of mTORC1 by RMC-6272 causes apoptosis in ER+/HER2− breast cancer cell lines, particularly in those that harbor mutations in PIK3CA or PTEN, due to inhibition of the rapamycin resistant, mTORC1 substrate 4EBP1 and reduction of the pro-survival protein MCL1. RMC-6272 reduced translation of ribosomal mRNAs, MYC target genes, and components of the CDK4/6 pathway, suggesting enhanced impairment of oncogenic pathways compared to the partial mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus. RMC-6272 maintained efficacy in hormone therapy-resistant acquired cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX), showed increased efficacy in CDK4/6 inhibitor treated acquired resistant cell lines versus their parental counterparts, and was efficacious in a PDX from a patient experiencing resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition. Bi-steric mTORC1-selective inhibition may be effective in overcoming multiple forms of therapy-resistance in ER+ breast cancers.
Telomere DNA length regulation is influenced by seasonal temperature differences in short-lived but not in long-lived reef-building corals
Authors: Rouan Alice , Pousse Melanie , Djerbi Nadir , Porro Barbara , Bourdin Guillaume , Carradec Quentin , Hume Benjamin CC. , Poulain Julie , Lê-Hoang Julie , Armstrong Eric , Agostini Sylvain , Salazar Guillem , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Aury Jean-Marc , Paz-García David A. , McMinds Ryan , Giraud-Panis Marie-Josèphe , Deshuraud Romane , Ottaviani Alexandre , Morini Lycia Die , Leone Camille , Wurzer Lia , Tran Jessica , Zoccola Didier , Pey Alexis , Moulin Clémentine , Boissin Emilie , Iwankow Guillaume , Romac Sarah , de Vargas Colomban , Banaigs Bernard , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , Douville Eric , Flores Michel , Reynaud Stéphanie , Thomas Olivier P. , Troublé Romain , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Planes Serge , Allemand Denis , Pesant Stephane , Galand Pierre E. , Wincker Patrick , Sunagawa Shinichi , Röttinger Eric , Furla Paola , Voolstra Christian R. , Forcioli Didier , Lombard Fabien , Gilson Eric
Published: June 2023

Telomeres are environment-sensitive regulators of health and aging. Here,we present telomere DNA length analysis of two reef-building coral genera revealing that the long- and short-term water thermal regime is a key driver of between-colony variation across the Pacific Ocean. Notably, there are differences between the two studied genera. The telomere DNA lengths of the short-lived, more stress-sensitive Pocillopora spp. colonies were largely determined by seasonal temperature variation, whereas those of the long-lived, more stress-resistant Porites spp. colonies were insensitive to seasonal patterns, but rather influenced by past thermal anomalies. These results reveal marked differences in telomere DNA length regulation between two evolutionary distant coral genera exhibiting specific life-history traits. We propose that environmentally regulated mechanisms of telomere maintenance are linked to organismal performances, a matter of paramount importance considering the effects of climate change on health.
Diversity of the Pacific Ocean coral reef microbiome
Authors: Galand Pierre E. , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Salazar Guillem , Hochart Corentin , Henry Nicolas , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Oliveira Pedro H. , Perdereau Aude , Labadie Karine , Belser Caroline , Boissin Emilie , Romac Sarah , Poulain Julie , Bourdin Guillaume , Iwankow Guillaume , Moulin Clémentine , Armstrong Eric J. , Paz-García David A. , Ziegler Maren , Agostini Sylvain , Banaigs Bernard , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , de Vargas Colomban , Douville Eric , Flores Michel , Forcioli Didier , Furla Paola , Gilson Eric , Lombard Fabien , Pesant Stéphane , Reynaud Stéphanie , Thomas Olivier P. , Troublé Romain , Zoccola Didier , Voolstra Christian R. , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Sunagawa Shinichi , Wincker Patrick , Allemand Denis , Planes Serge
Published: June 2023

Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They support high biodiversity of multicellular organisms that strongly rely on associated microorganisms for health and nutrition. However, the extent of the coral reef microbiome diversity and its distribution at the oceanic basin-scale remains to be explored. Here, we systematically sampled 3 coral morphotypes, 2 fish species, and planktonic communities in 99 reefs from 32 islands across the Pacific Ocean, to assess reef microbiome composition and biogeography. We show a very large richness of reef microorganisms compared to other environments, which extrapolated to all fishes and corals of the Pacific, approximates the current estimated total prokaryotic diversity for the entire Earth. Microbial communities vary among and within the 3 animal biomes (coral, fish, plankton), and geographically. For corals, the cross-ocean patterns of diversity are different from those known for other multicellular organisms. Within each coral morphotype, community composition is always determined by geographic distance first, both at the island and across ocean scale, and then by environment. Our unprecedented sampling effort of coral reef microbiomes, as part of theTaraPacific expedition, provides new insight into the global microbial diversity, the factors driving their distribution, and the biocomplexity of reef ecosystems.
Transposon signatures of allopolyploid genome evolution
Authors: Session Adam M. , Rokhsar Daniel S.
Published: June 2023

Hybridization brings together chromosome sets from two or more distinct progenitor species. Genome duplication associated with hybridization, or allopolyploidy, allows these chromosome sets to persist as distinct subgenomes during subsequent meioses. Here, we present a general method for identifying the subgenomes of a polyploid based on shared ancestry as revealed by the genomic distribution of repetitive elements that were active in the progenitors. This subgenome-enriched transposable element signal is intrinsic to the polyploid, allowing broader applicability than other approaches that depend on the availability of sequenced diploid relatives. We develop the statistical basis of the method, demonstrate its applicability in the well-studied cases of tobacco, cotton, andBrassica napus, and apply it to several cases: allotetraploid cyprinids, allohexaploid false flax, and allooctoploid strawberry. These analyses provide insight into the origins of these polyploids, revise the subgenome identities of strawberry, and provide perspective on subgenome dominance in higher polyploids.
Host transcriptomic plasticity and photosymbiotic fidelity underpin Pocillopora acclimatization across thermal regimes in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Armstrong Eric J. , Lê-Hoang Julie , Carradec Quentin , Aury Jean-Marc , Noel Benjamin , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Voolstra Christian R. , Poulain Julie , Belser Caroline , Paz-García David A. , Cruaud Corinne , Labadie Karine , Da Silva Corinne , Moulin Clémentine , Boissin Emilie , Bourdin Guillaume , Iwankow Guillaume , Romac Sarah , Agostini Sylvain , Banaigs Bernard , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , de Vargas Colomban , Douville Eric , Flores Michel , Forcioli Didier , Furla Paola , Galand Pierre E. , Gilson Eric , Lombard Fabien , Pesant Stéphane , Reynaud Stéphanie , Sullivan Matthew B. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Thomas Olivier P. , Troublé Romain , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Zoccola Didier , Planes Serge , Allemand Denis , Wincker Patrick
Published: June 2023

Heat waves are causing declines in coral reefs globally. Coral thermal responses depend on multiple, interacting drivers, such as past thermal exposure, endosymbiont community composition, and host genotype. This makes the understanding of their relative roles in adaptive and/or plastic responses crucial for anticipating impacts of future warming. Here, we extracted DNA and RNA from 102 Pocillopora colonies collected from 32 sites on 11 islands across the Pacific Ocean to characterize host-photosymbiont fidelity and to investigate patterns of gene expression across a historical thermal gradient. We report high host-photosymbiont fidelity and show that coral and microalgal gene expression respond to different drivers. Differences in photosymbiotic association had only weak impacts on host gene expression, which was more strongly correlated with the historical thermal environment, whereas, photosymbiont gene expression was largely determined by microalgal lineage. Overall, our results reveal a three-tiered strategy of thermal acclimatization in Pocillopora underpinned by host-photosymbiont specificity, host transcriptomic plasticity, and differential photosymbiotic association under extreme warming.
Increased renal elimination of endogenous and synthetic pyrimidine nucleosides in concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 deficient mice
Authors: Persaud Avinash K. , Bernier Matthew C. , Massey Michael A. , Agrawal Shipra , Kaur Tejinder , Nayak Debasis , Xie Zhiliang , Weadick Brenna , Raj Ruchika , Hill Kasey , Abbott Nicole , Joshi Arnav , Anabtawi Nadeen , Bryant Claire , Somogyi Arpad , Cruz-Monserrate Zobeida , Amari Foued , Coppola Vincenzo , Sparreboom Alex , Baker Sharyn D. , Unadkat Jashvant D. , Phelps Mitch A. , Govindarajan Rajgopal
Published: June 2023

Concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs) are active nucleoside influx systems, but their in vivo roles are poorly defined. By generating CNT1 knockout (KO) mice, here we identify a role of CNT1 in the renal reabsorption of nucleosides. Deletion of CNT1 in mice increases the urinary excretion of endogenous pyrimidine nucleosides with compensatory alterations in purine nucleoside metabolism. In addition, CNT1 KO mice exhibits high urinary excretion of the nucleoside analog gemcitabine (dFdC), which results in poor tumor growth control in CNT1 KO mice harboring syngeneic pancreatic tumors. Interestingly, increasing the dFdC dose to attain an area under the concentration-time curve level equivalent to that achieved by wild-type (WT) mice rescues antitumor efficacy. The findings provide new insights into how CNT1 regulates reabsorption of endogenous and synthetic nucleosides in murine kidneys and suggest that the functional status of CNTs may account for the optimal action of pyrimidine nucleoside analog therapeutics in humans.
Understanding and design of metallic alloys guided by phase-field simulations
Authors: Zhao Yuhong
Published: June 2023

Phase-field method (PFM) has become a mainstream computational method for predicting the evolution of nano and mesoscopic microstructures and properties during materials processes. The paper briefly reviews latest progresses in applying PFM to understanding the thermodynamic driving forces and mechanisms underlying microstructure evolution in metallic materials and related processes, including casting, aging, deformation, additive manufacturing, and defects, etc. Focus on designing alloys by integrating PFM with constitutive relations and machine learning. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the potential of integrated PFM in discovering new multi-scale phenomena and high-performance alloys. The article ends with prospects for promising research directions.
Genetically adjusted PSA levels for prostate cancer screening
Authors: Kachuri Linda , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Jiang Yu , Berndt Sonja I. , Shelley John P. , Schaffer Kerry R. , Machiela Mitchell J. , Freedman Neal D. , Huang Wen-Yi , Li Shengchao A. , Easterlin Ryder , Goodman Phyllis J. , Till Cathee , Thompson Ian , Lilja Hans , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Chanock Stephen J. , Haiman Christopher A. , Conti David V. , Klein Robert J. , Mosley Jonathan D. , Graff Rebecca E. , Witte John S.
Published: June 2023

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer remains controversial because it increases overdiagnosis and overtreatment of clinically insignificant tumors. Accounting for genetic determinants of constitutive, non-cancer-related PSA variation has potential to improve screening utility. In this study, we discovered 128 genome-wide significant associations (P < 5 × 10−8) in a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of 95,768 men and developed a PSA polygenic score (PGSPSA) that explains 9.61% of constitutive PSA variation. We found that, in men of European ancestry, using PGS-adjusted PSA would avoid up to 31% of negative prostate biopsies but also result in 12% fewer biopsies in patients with prostate cancer, mostly with Gleason score <7 tumors. Genetically adjusted PSA was more predictive of aggressive prostate cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 3.44, P = 6.2 × 10−14, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.755) than unadjusted PSA (OR = 3.31, P = 1.1 × 10−12, AUC = 0.738) in 106 cases and 23,667 controls. Compared to a prostate cancer PGS alone (AUC = 0.712), including genetically adjusted PSA improved detection of aggressive disease (AUC = 0.786, P = 7.2 × 10−4). Our findings highlight the potential utility of incorporating PGS for personalized biomarkers in prostate cancer screening.
Augmenting hippocampal–prefrontal neuronal synchrony during sleep enhances memory consolidation in humans
Authors: Geva-Sagiv Maya , Mankin Emily A. , Eliashiv Dawn , Epstein Shdema , Cherry Natalie , Kalender Guldamla , Tchemodanov Natalia , Nir Yuval , Fried Itzhak
Published: June 2023

Memory consolidation during sleep is thought to depend on the coordinated interplay between cortical slow waves, thalamocortical sleep spindles and hippocampal ripples, but direct evidence is lacking. Here, we implemented real-time closed-loop deep brain stimulation in human prefrontal cortex during sleep and tested its effects on sleep electrophysiology and on overnight consolidation of declarative memory. Synchronizing the stimulation to the active phases of endogenous slow waves in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) enhanced sleep spindles, boosted locking of brain-wide neural spiking activity to MTL slow waves, and improved coupling between MTL ripples and thalamocortical oscillations. Furthermore, synchronized stimulation enhanced the accuracy of recognition memory. By contrast, identical stimulation without this precise time-locking was not associated with, and sometimes even degraded, these electrophysiological and behavioral effects. Notably, individual changes in memory accuracy were highly correlated with electrophysiological effects. Our results indicate that hippocampo–thalamocortical synchronization during sleep causally supports human memory consolidation.
SciSciNet: A large-scale open data lake for the science of science research
Authors: Lin Zihang , Yin Yian , Liu Lu , Wang Dashun
Published: June 2023

The science of science has attracted growing research interests, partly due to the increasing availability of large-scale datasets capturing the innerworkings of science. These datasets, and the numerous linkages among them, enable researchers to ask a range of fascinating questions about how science works and where innovation occurs. Yet as datasets grow, it becomes increasingly difficult to track available sources and linkages across datasets. Here we present SciSciNet, a large-scale open data lake for the science of science research, covering over 134M scientific publications and millions of external linkages to funding and public uses. We offer detailed documentation of pre-processing steps and analytical choices in constructing the data lake. We further supplement the data lake by computing frequently used measures in the literature, illustrating how researchers may contribute collectively to enriching the data lake. Overall, this data lake serves as an initial but useful resource for the field, by lowering the barrier to entry, reducing duplication of efforts in data processing and measurements, improving the robustness and replicability of empirical claims, and broadening the diversity and representation of ideas in the field.
Integrative omics framework for characterization of coral reef ecosystems from the Tara Pacific expedition
Authors: Belser Caroline , Poulain Julie , Labadie Karine , Gavory Frederick , Alberti Adriana , Guy Julie , Carradec Quentin , Cruaud Corinne , Da Silva Corinne , Engelen Stefan , Mielle Paul , Perdereau Aude , Samson Gaelle , Gas Shahinaz ,   Genoscope Technical Team, Batisse Julie , Beluche Odette , Bertrand Laurie , Bohers Chloé , Bordelais Isabelle , Brun Elodie , Dubois Maria , Dumont Corinne , Zineb El Hajji , Estrada Barbara , Ettedgui Evelyne , Fernandez Patricia , Garidi Sonia , Guérin Thomas , Gorrichon Kevin , Hamon Chadia , Kientzel Lucille , Lebled Sandrine , Legrain Chloé , Lenoble Patricia , Lepretre Marine , Louesse Claudine , Magdelenat Ghislaine , Mahieu Eric , Martins Nathalie , Milani Claire , Orvain Céline , Oztas Sophie , Payen Emilie , Petit Emmanuelle , Rio Guillaume , Robert Dominique , Ronsin Muriel , Vacherie Benoit , Voolstra Christian R. , Galand Pierre E. , Flores J. Michel , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Perna Gabriela , Ziegler Maren , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Boissin Emilie , Romac Sarah , Bourdin Guillaume , Iwankow Guillaume , Moulin Clémentine , Paz García David A. , Agostini Sylvain , Banaigs Bernard , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , de Vargas Colomban , Douville Eric , Forcioli Didier , Furla Paola , Gilson Eric , Lombard Fabien , Pesant Stéphane , Reynaud Stéphanie , Sunagawa Shinichi , Thomas Olivier P. , Troublé Romain , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Zoccola Didier , Scarpelli Claude , Jacoby E’ Krame , Oliveira Pedro H. , Aury Jean-Marc , Allemand Denis , Planes Serge , Wincker Patrick
Published: June 2023

Coral reef science is a fast-growing field propelled by the need to better understand coral health and resilience to devise strategies to slow reef loss resulting from environmental stresses. Key to coral resilience are the symbiotic interactions established within a complex holobiont, i.e. the multipartite assemblages comprising the coral host organism, endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. Tara Pacific is an ambitious project built upon the experience of previous Tara Oceans expeditions, and leveraging state-of-the-art sequencing technologies and analyses to dissect the biodiversity and biocomplexity of the coral holobiont screened across most archipelagos spread throughout the entire Pacific Ocean. Here we detail the Tara Pacific workflow for multi-omics data generation, from sample handling to nucleotide sequence data generation and deposition. This unique multidimensional framework also includes a large amount of concomitant metadata collected side-by-side that provide new assessments of coral reef biodiversity including micro-biodiversity and shape future investigations of coral reef dynamics and their fate in the Anthropocene.
PacBio Hi-Fi genome assembly of the Iberian dolphin freshwater mussel Unio delphinus Spengler, 1793
Authors: Gomes-dos-Santos André , Lopes-Lima Manuel , Machado M. André , Teixeira Amílcar , C. Castro L. Filipe , Froufe Elsa
Published: June 2023

Mussels of order Unionida are a group of strictly freshwater bivalves with nearly 1,000 described species widely dispersed across world freshwater ecosystems. They are highly threatened showing the highest record of extinction events within faunal taxa. Conservation is particularly concerning in species occurring in the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot that are exposed to multiple anthropogenic threats, possibly acting in synergy. That is the case of the dolphin freshwater musselUnio delphinusSpengler, 1793, endemic to the western Iberian Peninsula with recently strong population declines. To date, only four genome assemblies are available for the order Unionida and only one European species. We present the first genome assembly ofUnio delphinus. We used the PacBio HiFi to generate a highly contiguous genome assembly. The assembly is 2.5 Gb long, possessing 1254 contigs with a contig N50 length of 10 Mbp. This is the most contiguous freshwater mussel genome assembly to date and is an essential resource for investigating the species’ biology and evolutionary history that ultimately will help to support conservation strategies.
Maternal and/or post-weaning supplementation with Bacillus altitudinis spores modulates the microbial composition of colostrum, digesta and faeces in pigs
Authors: Rattigan Ruth , Lawlor Peadar G. , Cormican Paul , Crespo-Piazuelo Daniel , Cullen James , Phelan John P. , Ranjitkar Samir , Crispie Fiona , Gardiner Gillian E.
Published: June 2023

This study examined the effects of maternal and/or post-weaning Bacillus altitudinis supplementation on the microbiota in sow colostrum and faeces, and offspring digesta and faeces. Sows (n = 12/group) were assigned to: (1) standard diet (CON), or (2) CON supplemented with probiotic B. altitudinis spores (PRO) from day (d)100 of gestation to weaning (d26 of lactation). At weaning, offspring were assigned to CON or PRO for 28d, resulting in: (1) CON/CON, (2) CON/PRO, (3) PRO/CON, and (4) PRO/PRO, after which all received CON. Samples were collected from sows and selected offspring (n = 10/group) for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Rothia was more abundant in PRO sow colostrum. Sow faeces were not impacted but differences were identified in offspring faeces and digesta. Most were in the ileal digesta between PRO/CON and CON/CON on d8 post-weaning; i.e. Bacteroidota, Alloprevotella, Prevotella, Prevotellaceae, Turicibacter, Catenibacterium and Blautia were more abundant in PRO/CON, with Firmicutes and Blautia more abundant in PRO/PRO compared with CON/CON. Lactobacillus was more abundant in PRO/CON faeces on d118 post-weaning. This increased abundance of polysaccharide-fermenters (Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae), butyrate-producers (Blautia) and Lactobacillus likely contributed to previously reported improvements in growth performance. Overall, maternal, rather than post-weaning, probiotic supplementation had the greatest impact on intestinal microbiota.
Optimizing gamma radiation shielding with cobalt-titania hybrid nanomaterials
Authors: Alhindawy Islam G. , Sayyed M. I. , Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Mahmoud Karem A.
Published: June 2023

Cobalt-doped titania nanocomposites were fabricated to be utilized for radiation shielding aims. The chemical composition of the composites was measured using the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Moreover, the structure of the composites was evaluated using the X-ray diffractometer, and the morphology of the fabricated composites was presented using the scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the γ-ray shielding properties were estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation between 0.059 and 2.506 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient of the fabricated composites decreased by factors of 93% for all samples by raising the incident γ-energy between 0.059 and 2.506 MeV. Moreover, the partial replacement of the Ti4+ by Co3+ slightly enhanced the linear attenuation coefficient from 0.607 to 0.630 cm−1 when the Co3+ increased from 0 to 3.7 wt%. The improvement in the linear attenuation coefficient causes an enhancement in other radiation shielding properties.
Exosomes with overexpressed miR 147a suppress angiogenesis and infammatory injury in an experimental model of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Shi Chenlong , Pei Sujun , Ding Ying , Tao Congmin , Zhu Yuanzheng , Peng Ying , Li Wei , Yi Yangyan
Published: June 2023

Atopic dermatitis is defined as an intensely systemic inflammation among skin diseases. Exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells may be a novel cell-free therapeutic strategy for atopic dermatitis treatment. This study aims to elucidate the possible underlying mechanism of adipose-derived stem cells-exosomes harboring microRNA-147a in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis. BALB/c mice treated withDermatophagoides farinaeextract/2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene were defined as a mouse model of atopic dermatitis, either with inflamed HaCaT cells and HUVECs exposed with TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation were applied for a cell model of atopic dermatitis. The concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in the supernatants were examined by ELISA. Cell viability and migration were assessed by MTT and Transwell assay. The apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. The tube formation assay was employed to analyzed angiogenesis. The molecular regulations among miR-147a, MEF2A, TSLP and VEGFA were confirmed using luciferase reporter assay, either with ChIP. microRNA-147a was markedly downregulated in the serum and skin samples of atopic dermatitis mice, of which overexpression remarkably promoted HaCaT cell proliferation, meanwhile inhibiting inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. microRNA-147a in adipose-derived stem cells was subsequently overexpressed, and exosomes (Exos-miR-147a mimics) were collected. Functionally, exos-microRNA-147a mimics attenuated TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cell inflammatory response and apoptosis, and suppressed HUVECs angiogenesis. Encouraging, molecular interaction experiments revealed that exosomal microRNA-147a suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HUVECs angiogenesis by targeting VEGFA, and exosomal microRNA-147a repressed HaCaT cells inflammatory injury through the MEF2A-TSLP axis. Mechanistically, exosomal microRNA-147a repressed pathological angiogenesis and inflammatory injury during atopic dermatitis progression by targeting VEGFA and MEF2A-TSLP axis. microRNA-147a-overexpressing adipose-derived stem cells-derived exosomes suppressed pathological angiogenesis and inflammatory injury in atopic dermatitis by targeting VEGFA and MEF2A-TSLP axis.