bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOXICIDADE DE SOLO DE “LANDFARMING” DE REFINARIA DE PETRÓLEO TRATADO COM ALGAS PARA A MINHOCA Eisenia fetida
Authors: Navarrete Acacio Aparecido , Pizano Marcos Aparecido , Necchi Júnior Orlando , Pião Antônio Carlos Simões , Angelis Dejanira Fransceschi  de
Published: January 2017

A toxicidade para a minhoca Eisenia fetida de amostras de solo de landfarming de refinaria de petróleo foi avaliada em solo inoculado com comunidades de algas alóctones isoladas de solo limpo. Amostras do solo de landfarming da Refinaria de Petróleo de Paulínia (REPLAN/PETROBRAS) foram mantidas sob saturação hídrica em bandejas plásticas, em Casa de Vegetação, durante 180 dias e submetidas à inoculação algal, incorporação e remoção do crescimento algal visível. Decorridos 30 dias da inoculação, os membros das comunidades com crescimento ativo no início da colonização foram identificados ao nível gênero: Anabaena, Chroococcus, Scytonema e Lyngbya (Cyanophyta), Klebsormidium, Mougeotia e Oedogonium (Chlorophyta) e Navicula (Bacillariophyta). A toxicidade para E. fetida foi avaliada em amostras do solo de landfarming selecionadas ao acaso. Não sendo observado o efeito agudo, o efeito na biomassa de espécimes adultos da minhoca foi avaliado, indicando destoxicação do solo de landfarming quando submetido à remoção do crescimento algal visível, após 180 dias da inoculação. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que efeitos subletais na biomassa da minhoca E. fetida são capazes de fornecer medidas efetivas para o monitoramento da toxicidade do solo durante o processo de remediação.
APLICAÇÃO DO RESÍDUO DA MINERAÇÃO DE BAUXITA EM CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR
Authors: Ribeiro Adriano Gerim , Galbiatti João Antonio
Published: January 2017

O experimento foi realizado em ambiente protegido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do resíduo da mineração de bauxita nos teores de macronutrientes e massa seca da cana-de-açúcar. Foram utilizados vasos de 10 L que receberam as seguintes doses de resíduo de bauxita: 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 e 140 t ha-1, utilizando-se o clone de cana-de-açúcar SP92 4221. A incorporação do resíduo de bauxita no solo proporcionou aumento nos teores dos macronutrientes do solo, sendo que apenas para o enxofre doses acima de 83 t ha-1 proporcionaram reduções deste nutriente. Já para os teores de macronutrientes determinados na folha, doses acima de 70,5; 125; 101; 56 t ha-1 diminuíram os teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e enxofre, respectivamente. Para o cálcio e o magnésio, entretanto, a utilização do resíduo proporcionou a diminuição dos seus teores foliares. A dose do resíduo de bauxita na qual houve a maior produção de massa seca foi de 64 t ha-1.
Hydrogeochemical evolution of mesozoic aquifers in the southern Paraná basin in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Guilherme Vargas , Viero Antonio Pedro
Published: January 2017

A região oeste do Rio Grande do Sul é marcada por sucessivas crises no abastecimento durante a estação seca. Estudos hidrogeológicos, hidroquímicos e estruturais foram feitos para entender  a dinâmica do fluxo subterrâneo dos aquíferos da região.  Os aqüíferos do estudo são o Sistema Aquífero Guarani (SAG) e o Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral (SASG). Aproximadamente 90% dos poços capturam água exclusivamente no SASG, enquanto 10% captam água no SAG. O SAG  consiste de quatro unidades  sedimentares hidroestratigráficas: Botucatu, as Formações Guará e Pirambóia e o Grupo Rosário do Sul, enquanto o SASG consiste de uma unidade hidroestratigráfica, a Formação Serra Geral. O principal objetivo deste estudo é a caracterização hidrogeoquímica dos aquíferos juro-cretáceos da região. Os dados hidroquímicos são do banco de dados do SIAGAS, pertencente ao Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM). Análises estatísticas por componentes principais e método de agrupamento por distância identificaram três grupos, confirmados pelos diagramas de dispersão. O grupo 1 percola apenas  no SASG, enquanto os grupos 2 e 3 mostram enriquecimento em sódio indicando mistura com águas profundas provenientes de aqüíferos confinados sedimentares da bacia do Paraná. O enriquecimento de sódio resulta da troca de cátions em argilas. Além do sódio, íons como sulfato, cloreto e fluoreto aparecem com concentrações significativas em muitos poços. Eles podem ter sido originados da Formação Irati, que está estratigraficamente abaixo do SAG e do SASG.
Collections Care and Stewardship: Innovative Approaches for Museums (Decker, ed.)
Authors: Allen Stephanie
Published: January 2017

This work is a book review considering the title Collections Care and Stewardship: Innovative Approaches for Museums edited by Juilee Decker.
Japanese Contemporary Quilts and Quilters: The Story of an American Import (Wong)
Authors: Sikarskie Amanda
Published: January 2017

This work is a book review considering the title Japanese Contemporary Quilts and Quilters: The Story of an American Import by Teresa Duryea Wong.
Things in Motion: Object Itineraries in Anthropological Practice (Joyce and Gillespie, eds.)
Authors: Nichols Catherine
Published: January 2017

This work is a book review considering the title Things in Motion: Object Itineraries in Anthropological Practice edited by Rosemary A. Joyce and Susan D. Gillespie.
Authentically African: Arts and the Transnational Politics of Congolese Culture (Van Beurden)
Authors: Girshick Paula
Published: January 2017

This work is a book review considering the title Authentically African: Arts and the Transnational Politics of Congolese Culture by Sarah Van Beurden.
Der urbane Raum im Fokus der Sozial-ökologischen Forschung: Neue Fördermaßnahme
Authors: Betker Frank
Published: January 2017

Das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung will die Zukunftsfähigkeit von Städten erhöhen und hat dafür die Fördermaßnahme Nachhaltige Transformation urbaner Räume auf den Weg gebracht. Gesucht werden unter anderem Konzepte für
nachhaltigere Lebensweisen in Quartieren, stadtverträgliche Mobilität, effiziente Infrastrukturen und neue Formen urbanen Wirtschaftens.
Towards a Real-world Laboratory: A Transdisciplinary Case Study from Lüneburg
Authors: Bernert Philip , Haaser Angelika , Kühl Lena , Schaal Tamara
Published: January 2017

Real-world laboratories have gained currency in transdisciplinary sustainability research. Establishing real-world laboratories by means of a transdisciplinary process offers promising prospects since it fosters trust among the participants and leads to significant commitment and participation.Fostering
sustainable community development and understanding social transformations are crucial topics in sustainability science. A new mode of research, real-world laboratories, are enabling the mutual engagement of science and society towards sustainability through transdisciplinary research. However,
recent literature has paid little attention to the establishment of these collaborative research spaces. In our case study, we initiated a transdisciplinary research process in Lüneburg (involving participants from university, municipality, nongovernmental organizations and society at
large) with the goal of creating a setting for a real-world laboratory. We combined qualitative scenario analysis and visioning. Our findings demonstrated that establishing real-world laboratories in a transdisciplinary process builds trust and commitment among the involved participants and
forms a vital starting point for the institutionalization of future transdisciplinary collaboration and research. Therefore, our approach can serve as an impetus for other communities to engage in bottom-up collaboration towards sustainability transformations.
Handlungsfelder von Stadt-Umland-Kooperationen für eine Energieversorgung mit erneuerbaren Energien
Authors: Lentzen Linda , Stablo Järmo , Ruppert-Winkel Chantal
Published: January 2017

Viele Kommunen in Deutschland verfolgen das Ziel, ihre Energieversorgung vollständig auf erneuerbare Energien umzustellen. Stadt-UmlandKooperationen bieten hierfür substanzielle Potenziale. Elf Handlungsfelder, die vor allem die Steuerung der Kooperationen sowie die Vernetzung
und Einbindung von Akteuren betreffen, sind besonders relevant.Urban-rural cooperations (URC) play an Important role in the success of Implementing a regional energy system based on renewable energy sources. A significant reason for this is that cities are seldom able to cover their energy
needs with renewables alone. URC offer various opportunities for enabling such regional energy transition processes. Drawing on the concept of regional governance, this article aims to systematically outline different action areas for URC that are important for regional energy transition processes,
and to demonstrate the concrete potentials of URC in these areas. Based on document analysis, expert interviews and three German case studies, we have identified eleven relevant action areas for the governance of URC in reaching energy goals as well as connecting and integrating different
actors. The results can be used by municipalities to determine whether a URC can facilitate the energy transition processes in their specific context.
Socioeconomic Characteristics, Oral Care Habits and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among the Parents of Pre-School Children in Klaipėda
Authors: Andruškienė Jurgita , Barsevičienė Šarūnė , Dvarionaitė Lijana , Grubliauskienė Jūratė , Mažionienė Asta
Published: January 2017

There is a lack of data about oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among the parents of pre-school children, especially in Lithuania and the relationships among socio-economic status, oral care habits and OHRQoL. Research questions: is OHRQoL influenced by socioeconomic status or oral care habits? Research focus – oral health-related quality of life among the parents of pre-school children. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships among socioeconomic status, oral care habits and oral helath-related quality of life among the parents of pre-school children in Klaipeda. The study sample consisted of 375 parents (mother or father) of pre-school children. The questionnaire survey was conducted at randomly selected 23 kindergartens in Klaipeda city. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic and oral care habits questions. All the participants were examined by self-administered OIDP questionnaire, which measured oral impacts on physical, psychological and social aspects of daily performances. The highest overall impact on OHRQoL among the parents of pre-school children was observed in the domain of Carrying out major work or role (73.0), the lowest one in the Eating and enjoying food (25.74) domain. Mean OIDP score was significantly higher among the parents whose socioeconomic status was low (35.44), reflecting poorer OHRQoL, as compared with high (8.07) socioeconomic status. Parents with poor oral care habits significantly more frequently were affected (79.2%) in Smiling, laughing domain, as compared to the parents whose oral care habits were good (20.8%). Lower socioeconomic status and poorer oral care habits were related with worsened oral health-related quality of life, especially in the area of psychological performances.
445-nm diode laser-assisted debonding of self-ligating ceramic brackets
Authors: Stein Steffen , Kleye Alexander , Schauseil Michael , Hellak Andreas , Korbmacher-Steiner Heike , Braun Andreas
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

This study determined the influence of irradiation on aesthetic ceramic brackets with a novel 445-nm diode laser prior to debonding on the bracket failure mode.

Materials and methods:

Thirty ceramic brackets (In-Ovation® C, GAC) were standard-bonded to the oral and buccal planed and polished enamel surfaces of 15 caries-free human 3rd molars. Prior to study-blinded debonding, the brackets in the laser group were irradiated with the diode laser (SIROLaser Blue®, Sirona), while the irradiation was simulated within the conventional group. To determine the degree of enamel fractures and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) before debonding (T0), after debonding (T1) and after removal of the remaining composite using a rotating fraise (red ring, Comet) (T2), micrographs of the enamel surface at 10-fold and 20-fold magnifications were taken. Additionally, the enamel surface was investigated using seven randomly chosen samples from each group at every time point by SEM at 200-fold and 500-fold magnifications.

Results:

In the laser group, the ARI-score was statistically significantly reduced (p<0.05) at 10-fold and 20-fold magnifications compared to the conventional group, while enamel fractures were not found at any magnification in either group at T1. Enamel fractures and grinding marks were increasingly found in the conventional group by SEM at T2.

Conclusion:

Irradiation with the novel diode laser prior to debonding of ceramic brackets significantly changes bonding failure in terms of less remaining adhesive. This is of clinical importance as the risk of enamel fractures and chair time can be reduced.
Association between plasma proANP and hyperuricemia in Chinese Han women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Zhengbao , Zhang Qiu , Peng Hao , Zhong Chongke , Liu Yan , Huangfu Xinfeng , Tian Yunfan , Chao Xiangqin , Jin Jianhua , Zhang Yonghong
Published: January 2017

Background:

Association between pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP) and hyperuricemia has not yet been investigated in population. This study aimed to examine the association in Chinese Han women.

Methods:

We measured plasma proANP, serum uric acid, and other traditional biomarkers in 1360 women older than 30 years residing in the Gusu district of Suzhou City. Association between plasma proANP and hyperuricemia was analyzed in women aged ≥45 years and those aged <45 years, respectively.

Results:

In women aged ≥45 years, the odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of hyperuricemia with high proANP (over the median) was 0.57 (0.34–0.97) compared to those with low proANP (p=0.040). After adjustment for age and other potential covariates, a high plasma proANP was associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia in women aged ≥45 years (OR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19–0.84), when the highest and lowest categories were compared. In contrast, there was no association between plasma proANP and hyperuricemia in women aged <45 years. We did not observe a significant interaction between age and proANP (pinteraction=0.113). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed these age-specific findings.

Conclusions:

Plasma proANP was significantly and inversely associated with hyperuricemia in Chinese Han women aged ≥45 years. This study suggests that an increased plasma proANP should be a protective factor of hyperuricemia among middle-aged and old women.
The use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotics in cancer patients
Authors: El-Najjar Nahed , Jantsch Jonathan , Gessner André
Published: January 2017

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In addition to organ failure, the most frequent reasons for admission of cancer patients to intensive care units (ICU) are: infections and sepsis. As critically ill, the complexity of the health situation of cancer patients renders the standard antimicrobial regimen more complex and even inadequate which results in increased mortality rates. This is due to pathophysiological changes in the volume of distribution, increased clearance, as well as to organ dysfunction. While in the former cases a decrease in drug efficacy is observed, the hallmark of the latter one is overdosing leading to increased toxicity at the expense of efficacy. Furthermore, an additional risk factor is the potential drug-drug interaction between antibiotics and antineoplastic agents. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a necessity to improve the clinical outcome of antimicrobial therapy in cancer patients. To be applied in routine analysis the method used for TDM should be cheap, fast and highly accurate/sensitive. Furthermore, as ICU patients are treated with a cocktail of antibiotics the method has to cover the simultaneous analysis of antibiotics used as a first/second line of treatment. The aim of the current review is to briefly survey the pitfalls in the current antimicrobial therapy and the central role of TDM in dose adjustment and drug-drug interaction’s evaluation. A major section is dedicated to summarize the currently published analytical methods and to shed light on the difficulties and potential problems that can be encountered during method development.
The serum concentrations of leptin and MCP-1 independently predict low back pain duration
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Dagostino Concetta , Buonocore Ruggero , Aloe Rosalia , Bonaguri Chiara , Fanelli Guido , Allegri Massimo
Published: January 2017

Background:

Low back pain (LBP) is a very frequent condition, affecting most people at some point throughout their life. This cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate a selected panel of cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with or without LBP.

Methods:

The study population consisted of 104 patients diagnosed with LBP (52 non-persistent and 52 persistent) and 52 healthy subjects with no LBP. Blood samples were collected for assessment of adiponectin, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C reactive protein (CRP). The duration of LBP was categorized as “no pain”, “non-persistent LBP” and “persistent LBP”.

Results:

Higher values of CRP and lower concentrations of both leptin and MCP-1 were found in LBP patients compared to controls, whereas adiponectin did not differ among groups. MCP-1 was also lower in patients with non-persistent than in those with persistent LBP. Age, leptin (relative risk, 11.8; 95% CI, 3.9–35.8) and MCP-1 (relative risk, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7–4.4) were independently associated with presence and duration of LBP. The combination of age, leptin and MCP-1 predicted 61% of the risk of LBP duration. The area under the curve of MCP-1 for distinguishing persistent from non-persistent LBP was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.54–0.76).

Conclusions:

Then results of our study suggest that leptin and MCP-1 may be promising biomarkers for diagnosis of acute LBP and its risk to become chronic.
Biomarkers of acute kidney injury: the pathway from discovery to clinical adoption
Authors: Kashani Kianoush , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Ronco Claudio
Published: January 2017

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of critical illnesses and has a significant impact on outcomes, including mortality and morbidities. Unfortunately, apart from prophylactic measures, no effective treatment for this syndrome is known. Therefore, early recognition of AKI not only can provide better opportunities for preventive interventions, but also opens many gates for research and development of effective therapeutic options. Over the last few years, several new AKI biomarkers have been discovered and validated to improve early detection, differential diagnosis, and differentiation of patients into risk groups for progressive renal failure, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), or death. These novel AKI biomarkers complement serum creatinine (SCr) and urine output, which are the standard diagnostic tools for AKI detection. In this article, we review the available literature on characteristics of promising AKI biomarkers that are currently the focus of preclinical and clinical investigations. These biomarkers include neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, interleukin 18 (lL-18), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), calprotectin, urine angiotensinogen (AGT), and urine microRNA. We then describe the clinical performance of these biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostication. We also appraise each AKI biomarker’s advantages and limitations as a tool for early AKI recognition and prediction of clinical outcomes after AKI. Finally, we review the current and future states of implementation of biomarkers in the clinical practice.
From bacteria to chloroplasts: evolution of the chloroplast SRP system
Authors: Ziehe Dominik , Dünschede Beatrix , Schünemann Danja
Published: January 2017

Chloroplasts derive from a prokaryotic symbiont that lost most of its genes during evolution. As a result, the great majority of chloroplast proteins are encoded in the nucleus and are posttranslationally imported into the organelle. The chloroplast genome encodes only a few proteins. These include several multispan thylakoid membrane proteins which are synthesized on thylakoid-bound ribosomes and cotranslationally inserted into the membrane. During evolution, ancient prokaryotic targeting machineries were adapted and combined with novel targeting mechanisms to facilitate post- and cotranslational protein transport in chloroplasts. This review focusses on the chloroplast signal recognition particle (cpSRP) protein transport system, which has been intensively studied in higher plants. The cpSRP system derived from the prokaryotic SRP pathway, which mediates the cotranslational protein transport to the bacterial plasma membrane. Chloroplasts contain homologs of several components of the bacterial SRP system. The function of these conserved components in post- and/or cotranslational protein transport and chloroplast-specific modifications of these transport mechanisms are described. Furthermore, recent studies of cpSRP systems in algae and lower plants are summarized and their impact on understanding the evolution of the cpSRP system are discussed.
Leading-Effect, Risk-Taking and Sabotage in Two-Stage Tournaments: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Mueller-Langer Frank , Andreoli-Versbach Patrick
Published: January 2017

Existing theory suggests that three “order effects” may emerge in multi-stage tournaments with information feedback. First, participants adjust effort across stages, which could advantage the leading participant who faces a larger “effective prize” after an initial victory (leading-effect). Second, leading participants might engage in sabotage activities to protect their lead thereby decreasing the rivals’ output. Finally, participants lagging behind may increase risk at the final stage as they have “nothing to lose” (risk-taking). The expected order effects based on existing theory cannot be supported empirically in a natural experiment setting, where professional teams compete in a two-stage tournament with asymmetric initial conditions and clear incentives.
Changes of thyroid hormonal status in patients receiving ketogenic diet due to intractable epilepsy
Authors: Kose Engin , Guzel Orkide , Demir Korcan , Arslan Nur
Published: January 2017

Background:

Ketogenic diet (KD), which is high in fat and low in carbohydrates, mimics the metabolic state of starvation and is used therapeutically for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. It is known that generation of triiodothyronine (T3) from thyroxine (T4) decreases during fasting periods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thyroid function of children receiving KD for at least 1 year due to drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods:

A total of 120 patients [63 males, 52.5%; mean age 7.3±4.3 years, median interquartile range (IQR): 7.0 (4–10 years)] treated with KD for at least 1 year were enrolled. Seizure control, side effects, and compliance with the diet were recorded, and free T3, free T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured at baseline and at post-treatment months 1, 3, 6, and 12. The Mann-Whitney U-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni correction, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Results:

Hypothyroidism was diagnosed and L-thyroxine medication was initiated for eight, seven and five patients (20 patients in total, 16.7%) at 1, 3, and 6 months of KD therapy, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline TSH elevation [odds ratio (OR): 26.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.48–111.76, p<0.001] and female gender (OR: 3.69, 95% CI 1.05–12.97, p=0.042) were independent risk factors for development of hypothyroidism during KD treatment in epileptic children.

Conclusions:

KD causes thyroid malfunction and L-thyroxine treatment may be required. This is the first report documenting the effect of KD treatment on thyroid function. Thyroid function should be monitored regularly in epileptic patients treated with KD.
High predictability of impaired glucose tolerance by combining cardiometabolic screening parameters in obese children
Authors: Groot Cornelis Jan de , Grond Jeroen van der , Delgado Yosine , Rings Edmond H.H.M. , Hannema Sabine E. , van den Akker Erica L.T.
Published: January 2017

Background:

There is debate on which overweight and obese children should be screened for the presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). The objective of the study was to identify risk factors predictive of the presence of IGT.

Methods:

In a cohort of overweight children, who underwent OGTT, we determined the association of anthropometric and laboratory parameters with IGT and whether combining parameters improved the sensitivity of screening for IGT.

Results:

Out of 145 patients, IGT was present in 11, of whom two had impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Elevated blood pressure (p=0.025) and elevated liver enzymes (p=0.003) were associated with IGT, whereas IFG was not (p=0.067), screening patients with either one of these parameters predicted IGT with a high sensitivity of 1.00, and a number needed to screen of 5.7.

Conclusions:

Screening all patients with either IFG, presence of elevated blood pressure and elevated liver enzymes, significantly increases predictability of IGT compared to using IFG alone.
Polyheterocycle-carbohydrate chimeras: photoassisted synthesis of 2,5-epoxybenzoxacines and 2,5-epoxybenzazocine scaffolds and their postphotochemical hydroxylations
Authors: Sai Reddy D. , Mukhina Olga A. , Cole Cronk W. , Kutateladze Andrei G.
Published: January 2017

Photoassisted synthesis of complex polyheterocyclic molecular architectures via excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is for the first time implemented for the reactions of o-keto phenols. This adds the 2,5-epoxybenzoxacine core to the previously obtained 2,5-epoxybenzazocine cores and offers rapid access to primary photoproducts which lend themselves to diverse yet simple postphotochemical modifications to further grow the complexity of the target structures, specifically – access to polyheterocycle-carbohydrate chimeras containing up to five contiguous stereogenic centers and benzazocine or benzoxacine heterocyclic cores.
Relationships between Physical Fitness Components among Slovak High School Students
Authors: Turek Milan , Ruzbarsky Pavel , Kokinda Marek , Smerecka Viera , Jancosek Mario , Kandrac Robert
Published: January 2017

Introduction.
The purpose of the study was to assess physical fitness based on using FITNESSGRAM test battery in Slovak high school students.

Material and methods.
The reference sample consisted of 1,016 high school students from schools located in the Prešov self-governing region. Students were tested for physical fitness components using selected Fitnessgram test items. In addition, students performed 20-meter endurance shuttle run to determine their level of cardiorespiratory fitness and 10-second jumping test on a jumping ergometer to determine their lower-body explosive power.

Results.
Results of one-way ANOVA showed significant differences for curl-up test (p = .012) between 15-year-old boys and 18-year-old boys. There were no differences between boys living in rural areas and their age-matched counterparts living in urban areas. Contrary to boys, girls from rural areas had higher level of abdominal strength (p = .046; d = .19). In the 20-meter endurance shuttle run, boys averaged 448.87 meters more than girls.

Conclusions.
This study enables to create norm-referenced standards, which through their content will to a great extent indicate the measures of physical fitness.
Impact of the Annual Training Cycle on the Physical Capacity of Young Rowers
Authors: Klusiewicz Andrzej , Szumański Mariusz , Piotr Kajda , Starczewska-Czapowska Janina , Burkhard-Jagodzińska Krystyna , Długołęcka Barbara , Sitkowski Dariusz
Published: January 2017

Introduction.
The aim of the study was to assess the changes in the physical capacity of a group of leading Polish young male rowers after they completed the annual training cycle.

Material and methods.
The study involved 30 subjects who either belonged to the Under-23 Polish National Rowing Team or were its reserve rowers. The subjects underwent two stress tests: a maximum intensity test simulating covering the distance of a regatta (the 2 km test) and a submaximal test with a gradual increase in intensity (the anaerobic threshold test) before and after the annual training cycle.

Results.
Contrary to what was expected, a year of training did not cause a significant increase in the work capacity indicators measured in the study. The training programme that was implemented was found not to have been very effective in this respect. No statistically significant increase was observed in the values obtained for the subjects in the test simulating covering the distance of the race, although there was some improvement.

Conclusions.
Similar findings, indicating that the results of stress tests tend to remain stable, were obtained by other authors whose research involved young rowers aged approximately 20 years. However, we would still like to emphasise that the effectiveness of training which develops endurance, the basic foundation for a rower’s successful performance, should be paid more attention to in the training process.
Economic Impact of Events and Festivals on Host Regions - Methods in Practice & Potential Sources of Bias
Authors: Diedering Madlen , Kwiatkowski Grzegorz
Published: January 2017

Introduction.
The topic of economic significance of sport events attracts substantial attention in the fields of sport event management and economics. The main objective of this article is to review international literature on economic impact of sport events, and in particular, to give a special thought to key features of primary economic impact studies and potential sources of bias.

Material and methods.
The paper builds upon an extensive international literature survey.

Results.
This paper provides an overview of studies on economic impact of events as well as it serves as a reference guide for further studies including empirical attempts. Notably, the latter is of great value for local decision makers and students who attempt to calculate direct economic impact of various sport events but are at the same time facing the lack of reference in this regard.

Conclusions.
The review concludes that (a) assessing the economic impact of an event is a non-trivial task and (b) there is still much to be learned about how to conduct economic impact assessment in a reliable manner.
La factitivité, postérité d’un concept
Authors: Beyaert-Geslin Anne
Published: January 2017

L’article suit le concept de factitivité de Greimas et observe ses relations avec les notions apparentées, comme les affordances, le geste ou la pratique. Il montre comment la factitivité argumente les valeurs et permet de décrire, non seulement l’interaction avec l’objet quotidien, mais aussi l’interaction avec l’oeuvre d’art.
What came to be called: evaluative what and authorial voice in the discourse of history
Authors: Bondi Marina
Published: January 2017

While acknowledging the importance of specific lexis in profiling discourse communities, studies on academic discourse have paid growing attention to general lexis and its disciplinary specificity. This is particularly true of recent approaches to phraseology in English for Academic Purposes (EAP), including both statistically significant clusters and grammar patterns and semantic sequences. The current paper explores the notion of semantic sequences through a case study of sequences involving relative
Scales of action: An example of driving and car talk in Germany and North America
Authors: Norris Sigrid
Published: January 2017

This article develops a new methodological tool, called
Lie Symmetries and Conservation Laws of the Generalised Foam-Drainage Equation
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Yong , Ma Kai-Hua
Published: January 2017

We perform a complete Lie point symmetry classification of the generalised foam-drainage equation and then construct an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebra of the admitted symmetry operators and use them to reduce the equations under study. A power series solution of the reduced equation is constructed. Moreover, we find all multipliers of the equations and apply them to construct conservation laws.
Outcomes of Exercise Training Following the Use of a Birthing Ball During Pregnancy and Delivery
Authors: Fournier Danielle , Feeney Gloria , Mathieu Marie-Eve
Published: January 2017

Fournier, D, Feeney, G, and Mathieu, M-E. Outcomes of exercise training following the use of a birthing ball during pregnancy and delivery. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1941–1947, 2017— Using a birthing ball (BB) is an exercise form that is growing in popularity. Improved delivery outcomes have been recently reported with as little a 6–8 hours of training per week; however, little is known regarding lower and higher training levels. The aim of this study was to document whether more time spent training with a BB resulted in improved delivery outcomes for the mother and the newborn. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a sample of women who participated in 1 to 28 supervised exercise classes during pregnancy according to the Ballon Forme program offered in nonclinical settings (http://ballonforme.com), with the option of completing the supervised BB exercises performed at home. Thirty women who gave birth naturally were included in the study. Mean BB training time was 22.3 hours (SD = 16.6 hours). A greater BB training time was significantly associated with shorter labor duration (r = −0.408; p = 0.031) and specific stages of labor (stage 1 [dilatation/active stage] [r = −0.372; p = 0.043] and stage 2 [expulsion] [r = −0.415; p = 0.028]). Increased participation in BB supervised classes was more closely associated with quicker deliveries than those of home based BB exercises. No associations between training time and adverse effects of labor parameters or the baby's health were noted. Greater involvement in BB training seems to lead to quicker deliveries than lower levels of involvement; it also has the benefit of supervised practice.
Quality of Life in Patients after Lumbar Thermolesion
Authors: Raszka Anna , Waliszewska Renata , Sokal Paweł , Zieliński Piotr , Harat Marek
Published: January 2017

Introduction. One of the methods of treating lumbago coming from joints of the articular origin are thermolesions of intervertebral joints. Thermolessions are aimed at damaging the paracentral shoulder of the dorsal branch of lumbar roots, innervating ill joints.Aim. The aim of this work was to assess the quality of life and the level of pain in patients after lumbar thermolesions within a six-month observation period.Material and Methods. 30 patients subject to thermolesion treatments of intervertebral joints in the lumbar section were analysed. The level of pain was being assessed on the VAS scale (Eng. Visual Analogue Scale) and the quality of life with the Oswestry questionnaire before the surgery, on the first day after the surgery, after the first month, three months and after six months. 20 questionnaire forms which were subject to further analysis were returned.Results. On the basis of the analysis of the research conducted, there was noted a reduction of pain intensity as well as of the degree of disability expressed on the VAS and Oswestry Scales present in the early and late period after lumbar thermolesion.Conclusions. Lumbar thermolesion is an effective method of treating the lumbago pain of the articular origin and reducing disability in patients in the early and late period. (JNNN 2016;5(2):76–80)
The Problem of Back Pain Among Nurses of Neurology and Neurosurgery Wards
Authors: Jabłońska Renata , Gralik Marta , Królikowska Agnieszka , Haor Beata , Antczak Anna
Published: January 2017

Introduction. In the occupational medicine back pain is treated as a paraoccupational disease, mainly related to specific professional groups. They include those employed in the sector of health care, who are at the highest risk of developing back pain, nurses in particular.Aim. Assessment of back pain occurrence among nurses and determining the factors affecting this condition.Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 76 nurses working in neurology and neurosurgery wards/clinics. The research methodology applied consisted of diagnostic survey method, and as the technique, a survey of our own design was used. The VAS Pain Scale was used. Statistical analysis was prepared in the program SPSS20. The statistical significance of differences was determined at a confidence level of p<0.05.Results. 98.7% of the surveyed nurses complain about back pain. The biggest group consisted of those with very severe pain (47.4%). At the same time in 80.26% of cases the pain was located in the lumbosacral section. Multiple comparisons showed that the level of pain intensity was higher in those working on the contract than in the personnel working on the basis of a contract of employment (p=0.045). The analysis showed no statistically significant differences in the level of pain intensity between respondents in different workplaces: Chi2 (2)=3.69; p=0.158.Conclusions. The vast majority of nurses complain about back pain, in most cases it is a very strong pain. This pain is determined by seniority, form of employment (contract) as well as by additional activities apart from of work in the ward. (JNNN 2016;5(3):84–91)
Assessment of the Risk of Depression in Neurogeriatric Patients
Authors: Fidecki Wiesław , Wysokiński Mariusz , Weremkowicz Iwona , Wrońska Irena , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia , Sienkiewicz Zofia , Przylepa Katarzyna , Kulina Dorota , Augustowska-Kruszyńska Kinga
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Specific factors predisposing to depression in the elderly are: widowhood, loss of employment, deterioration of the financial situation, loss of physical fitness, dependence on others, the use of institutional care. Early detection and treatment of depressive disorders is a determinant of modern geriatric care.Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of depression among elderly patients hospitalized in the neurological departments.Material and Methods. The study was conducted in a group of 113 patients aged over 65 years of age, residing in neurological departments of hospitals in Lublin. Assessing patients was made using the Geriatric Depression Scale in the abbreviated version (Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form — GDS-SF).Results. Assessing the patients with the Geriatric Depression Scale no risk of depression in 75.22% of patients, and 24.88% showed depressive symptoms. In assessing the patients with the scale of depression, it was stated that the mean for the entire group was at the level of 4.15±3.57 points.Conclusions. In the group of elderly patients hospitalized in the neurological departments we found a fairly low risk of depression. More than 3/4 of respondents did not show symptoms of depression. The age of respondents had a significant effect on their risk of depression. (JNNN 2016;5(3):104–108)
Activity ofTachykinin1-ExpressingPet1Raphe Neurons Modulates the Respiratory Chemoreflex
Authors: Hennessy Morgan L. , Corcoran Andrea E. , Brust Rachael D. , Chang YoonJeung , Nattie Eugene E. , Dymecki Susan M.
Published: January 2017

Homeostatic control of breathing, heart rate, and body temperature relies on circuits within the brainstem modulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). Mounting evidence points to specialized neuronal subtypes within the serotonergic neuronal system, borne out in functional studies, for the modulation of distinct facets of homeostasis. Such functional differences, read out at the organismal level, are likely subserved by differences among 5-HT neuron subtypes at the cellular and molecular levels, including differences in the capacity to coexpress other neurotransmitters such as glutamate, GABA, thyrotropin releasing hormone, and substance P encoded by theTachykinin-1(Tac1) gene. Here, we characterize in mice a 5-HT neuron subtype identified by expression ofTac1and the serotonergic transcription factor genePet1, referred to as theTac1-Pet1neuron subtype. Transgenic cell labeling showedTac1-Pet1soma resident largely in the caudal medulla. Chemogenetic [clozapine-N-oxide (CNO)-hM4Di] perturbation ofTac1-Pet1neuron activity blunted the ventilatory response of the respiratory CO2chemoreflex, which normally augments ventilation in response to hypercapnic acidosis to restore normal pH and PCO2.Tac1-Pet1axonal boutons were found localized to brainstem areas implicated in respiratory modulation, with highest density in motor regions. These findings demonstrate that the activity of aPet1neuron subtype with the potential to release both 5-HT and substance P is necessary for normal respiratory dynamics, perhaps via motor outputs that engage muscles of respiration and maintain airway patency. TheseTac1-Pet1neurons may act downstream ofEgr2-Pet1serotonergic neurons, which were previously established in respiratory chemoreception, but do not innervate respiratory motor nuclei.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSerotonin (5-HT) neurons modulate physiological processes and behaviors as diverse as body temperature, respiration, aggression, and mood. Using genetic tools, we characterize a 5-HT neuron subtype defined by expression ofTachykinin1andPet1(Tac1-Pet1neurons), mapping soma localization to the caudal medulla primarily and axonal projections to brainstem motor nuclei most prominently, and, when silenced, observed blunting of the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2.Tac1-Pet1neurons thus appear distinct from and contrast previously describedEgr2-Pet1neurons, which project primarily to chemosensory integration centers and are themselves chemosensitive.
Sonic Hedgehog Guides Axons via Zipcode Binding Protein 1-Mediated Local Translation
Authors: Lepelletier Léa , Langlois Sébastien D. , Kent Christopher B. , Welshhans Kristy , Morin Steves , Bassell Gary J. , Yam Patricia T. , Charron Frédéric
Published: January 2017

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) attracts spinal cord commissural axons toward the floorplate. How Shh elicits changes in the growth cone cytoskeleton that drive growth cone turning is unknown. We find that the turning of rat commissural axons up a Shh gradient requires protein synthesis. In particular, Shh stimulation increases β-actin protein at the growth cone even when the cell bodies have been removed. Therefore, Shh induces the local translation of β-actin at the growth cone. We hypothesized that this requires zipcode binding protein 1 (ZBP1), an mRNA-binding protein that transports β-actin mRNA and releases it for local translation upon phosphorylation. We found that Shh stimulation increases phospho-ZBP1 levels in the growth cone. Disruption of ZBP1 phosphorylationin vitroabolished the turning of commissural axons toward a Shh gradient. Disruption of ZBP1 functionin vivoin mouse and chick resulted in commissural axon guidance errors. Therefore, ZBP1 is required for Shh to guide commissural axons. This identifies ZBP1 as a new mediator of noncanonical Shh signaling in axon guidance.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSonic hedgehog (Shh) guides axons via a noncanonical signaling pathway that is distinct from the canonical Hedgehog signaling pathway that specifies cell fate and morphogenesis. Axon guidance is driven by changes in the growth cone in response to gradients of guidance molecules. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of how Shh orchestrates changes in the growth cone cytoskeleton that are required for growth cone turning. Here, we show that the guidance of axons by Shh requires protein synthesis. Zipcode binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is an mRNA-binding protein that regulates the local translation of proteins, including actin, in the growth cone. We demonstrate that ZBP1 is required for Shh-mediated axon guidance, identifying a new member of the noncanonical Shh signaling pathway.
Estructuralismo - neo-estructuralismo y el análisis del desarrollo productivo
Authors: Benavides Vindas Shirley
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo tiene como propósito fundamental explicar, a nivel teórico, las principales características del estructuralismo y del neo-estructuralismo, con el fin de asumir elementos que coadyuven al análisis del desarrollo productivo, especialmente, cuando existe claramente identificado un centro del desenvolvimiento económico social versus una periferia deprimida y heterogénea en sus estructuras.  No se busca analizar casos particulares de países o regiones, desde este enfoque.La evolución del estructuralismo (finales de la década de los cuarenta y de los cincuenta) al neo-estructuralismo (década de los ochenta), generó que se diera en el nuevo enfoque -como paradigma alternativo al ajuste neoliberal-, una superación del paradigma estructuralista original en el que se inspiraba; incorporando al análisis los ciclos económicos, las asimetrías entre los centros y las periferias, los diversos efectos de la globalización por el regionalismo abierto y la desregulación; además, incluyó tres ejes relevantes: el económico, la equidad social y la autonomía nacional, aunque su base analítica continuaba siendo estructuralista.  En esta nueva etapa se plantea el desarrollo desde la transformación productiva con equidad.El artículo pretende explorar, en la teoría del enfoque estructuralista y neo-estructuralista, los principales elementos de análisis que desde esta perspectiva, pueden facilitar el comportamiento de los sectores productivos y de la caracterización de territorios, proporcionando la información necesaria para la toma de decisiones en el diseño y ejecución de políticas públicas, que eliminen las fallas de los mercados periféricos con respecto a los denominados centros y así impulsar un mayor nivel de desarrollo.
CHANGES OBSERVED IN ERYTHROCYTE CELLS EXPOSED TO AN ALTERNATING CURRENT
Authors: Jeican Ionut Isaia , Matei Horea , Istrate Alexandru , Mironescu Eugen , Bâlici Ştefana
Published: January 2017

Background and aims. Appliance of electric pulses induces red blood cells (RBCs) membrane poration, membrane aminophospholipid perturbation and alteration of the normal flip-flop process, resulting in various shape changes of theRBCs. We studied morphological and water permeability changes of RBCs bombarded with electrons in an alternating current circuit.Methods. We used three venous blood samples of 100 mL and an alternating current device. The harvested blood was divided into four experimental sets to be used for various exposure times: 0 hours (control RBCs), 0.5h, 3h and 6h (electricstimulated RBCs).Following the electric current each of the four sets were further divided into three samples: one for the assessment of the echinocytes/RBCs ratio, another for the electron microscopy study of ultrastructural changes induced by the alternating electrical current and a larger third one for determining water permeability of RCBs by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and morphological measurements.Results. There is a small but statistically significant effect of the RBC exposure to alternating electric current on cell diameters. Exposure to electric current is positively and strongly correlated with the percentage of echinocytes in a duration-dependentmanner. There is a strong and statistically significant correlation between electric current exposure and permeability to water as measured by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.Conclusion. Following interactions between electric current and RBCmembrane, certain modifications were observed in the erythrocyte structure. We attribute the increased cell size to a higher permeability to water and a decreased tonicity. This leads to the transformation of the RBCs into echinocytes.