bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetic analysis of genes for detoxification and DNA repair in children with congenital deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine
Authors: Sogoyan Marina V. , Khalchitsky Sergey E. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Kokushin Dmitry N. , Filippova Alexandra N.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. Spine congenital curvatures, which form from anomalies in the development of vertebral bodies, comprise 3.2% of the general structure of vertebral column deformities. Several such anomalies present during adolescence lead to severe and rigid curvature of the spinal column and are often accompanied by irreversible neurological disorders. The timely detection of the progressive forms of curvature and early surgical treatment are measures that prevent against neurological deficit development and gross congenital deformities of the spine in children. However, it is extremely difficult to predict the course of congenital spinal column deformation in infants based on clinical and radiological investigations alone. Therefore, the study of congenital malformation genetic markers is an essential and immediate task.
Materials and methods. Two hundred 1.2–16-year-old children with congenital deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine were examined using clinical and radiation diagnostic methods. Molecular genetic studies were performed by analyzing several polymorphic regions in the genes for the first and second stages of detoxification and DNA repair, which are of clinical importance as predisposing factors in several congenital malformations. Polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results were determined using gel electrophoresis of DNA in a polyacrylamide gel.
Results and discussion. The polymorphisms of the genes CYP1A2, NAT2, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, XRCC1, XRCC3 and their frequency distributions among patients with congenital spine deformities (CSD) were studied. The results for each gene are presented in the digital diagrams, and their indicators are compared with the values of the control group.
Conclusion. In most patients (83%) with spinal congenital deformations, there were mutations of candidate genes in the homozygous state; however, the simultaneous carriage of several mutant alleles in patients with CSD was more than twice that in the control group. Children with multiple and combined defects in spine development noted the presence of more mutations in the genes for detoxification and DNA repair. The obtained results already assume to a certain extent the course of the spine congenital deformity in patients at an early age. However, the final evaluation and identification of molecular genetic criteria for the progressive course of spine congenital deformities in children requires further study.
Comparative evaluation of desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia during surgical correction of vertebral and spinal cord injury in children
Authors: Kozyrev Alexander S. , Aleksandrovich Yuriy S. , Zaletina Anna V. , Ivanov Marat D. , Pavlova Maria S. , Strelnikova Angelina S.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. Currently, inhaled third-generation anesthetic agents, such as sevoflurane and desflurane, are commonly used in pediatric practice. Their properties and efficiencies are studied in detail. Information about the effectiveness and safety of these drugs as emergency anesthesia in children is very limited; there are no comparative studies. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of desflurane and sevoflurane to maintain anesthesia during the surgical correction of vertebral and spinal cord injury in children.
Material and methods. This study included seventy-four 12–18-year-old patients (mean age, 14 years) who underwent immediate surgical correction of unstable fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine at the Turner Scientific Research Institute for Children’s Orthopedics between 2015 and 2017. The patients were categorized into two groups: group D, in which anesthesia was maintained with desflurane (35 patients), and group C, in which anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (39 patients). The following parameters were studied: systolic, diastolic, and average blood pressure (BP); heart rate (HR); respiratory recovery time; time to extubation; time to instruction completion; and presence of complications intraoperatively and within 24 h after surgery, including pronounced intraoperative hypotension, bradypnea, and desaturation (SpO2 < 95%) in the postextubation period, agitation, nausea, vomiting, and measured blood loss.
Results. A comparative evaluation of the investigated parameters revealed that the systolic, diastolic, and average BP and HR in both groups did not exceed the limits of acceptable values. The results of the intraoperative monitoring of capillary blood parameters in all patients were within the reference range and did not differ significantly between groups. An analysis of the indicators reflecting the rate of awakening revealed that all stages of the termination of anesthesia were performed more quickly in group D. There was a comparable number of postoperative nausea and vomiting episodes in both groups. Group C displayed a high incidence of postoperative agitation. There were no related adverse respiratory effects in group D, whereas three patients reported such effects in group C.
Conclusions. The use of desflurane and sevoflurane provides a favorable hemodynamic profile intraoperatively and is not accompanied with the development of clinically significant side effects. Desflurane reduces the probability of certain adverse effects in the immediate postoperative period, provides a faster awakening, and has the possibility of reliable assessment of neurological status after surgery.
The effect of subsidising firms on voting behaviour: Evidence from Flemish elections
Authors: Buts Caroline , Jegers Marc , Jottier Dimi
Published: September 2018

Despite an international consensus on the importance to limit State aid spending, large amounts of resources are still devoted to a wide variety of subsidies to firms. A sizable literature studies the relationship between general government spending and the proximity of elections, mostly documenting a positive link. In addition, other studies verify whether this strategy of increasing government expenditure pays off in terms of number of votes. We focus on one type of government spending that can be quite vulnerable to becoming ‘targeted spending’, i.e. subsidies to firms. We empirically test the relationship between the amount of subsidies granted to firms at the local level and local support for incumbent parties in the regional government. To that end, we make use of subsidy data derived from financial statements on 2008 and Flemish election results of 2004 and 2009. We find that the total amount of subsidies as well as subsidies per capita granted in 2008 positively correlate to support for incumbent parties 2009, meaning that voters appear to reward subsidy granting politicians.
The gains from early intervention in Europe: Fiscal surveillance and fiscal planning using cash data
Authors: Hughes Hallett Andrew , Kuhn Moritz , Warmedinger Thomas
Published: September 2018

The use of real-time cash data allows us to make accurate intra-annual forecasts of an economy’s fiscal position, and to issue early warning signals for the need to correct fiscal imbalances. This paper shows how those signals can be used to design the necessary fiscal corrections, and discusses the gains that can be achieved from such interventions. Examples from Germany and Italy show that large corrections are often necessary early on to make adjustments later on acceptable and to keep debt ratios from escalating. There is a credibility issue here; we find the difference between front-loaded and back-loaded adjustment schemes is likely to be vital for the time consistency of fiscal policymaking. We also show that, without early interventions, the later deficit reductions typically double in size – meaning governments become subject to the excessive deficit procedure and significant improve-ment tests more often. Thus the budget savings from early intervention and the use of cash data are significant; in our examples they are similar in size to the operating budget of the department of housing and urban development in Germany. Similar results apply in other Eurozone countries.
Value Added Tax and price stability in Nigeria: A partial equilibrium analysis
Authors: Ikpe Marius , Nteegah Alwell
Published: September 2018

The economic impact of Value Added Tax (VAT) that was implemented in Nigeria in 1994 has generated much debate in recent times, especially with respect to its effect on the level of aggregate prices. This study empirically examines the influence of VAT on price stability in Nigeria using partial equilibrium analysis. We introduced the VAT variable in the framework of a combination of structuralist, monetarist and fiscalist approaches to inflation modelling. The analysis was carried out by applying multiple regression analysis in static form to data for the 1994-2010 period. The results reveal that VAT exerts a strong upward pressure on price levels, most likely due to the burden of VAT on intermediate outputs. The study rules out the option of VAT exemptions for intermediate outputs as a solution, due to the difficulty in distinguishing between intermediate and final outputs. Instead, it recommends a detailed post-VAT cost-benefit analysis to assess the social desirability of VAT policy in Nigeria.
The role of political competition in the link between electoral systems and corruption: an extension
Authors: Alfano Maria Rosaria , Baraldi Anna Laura
Published: September 2018

This work provides an extension to an international context of the analysis made by Alfano, Baraldi and Cantabene (2013) on the role of political competition as a channel through which electoral systems affect corruption. Our result conflicts with that found by empirical literature on that topic that makes plurality rules the most virtuous in terms of corruption. Political scientists must be cautious in designing the degree of proportionality of electoral rules without take into account the variation in political competition that follows.
A first formal approach to animal spirits beyond uncertainty
Authors: Soldatos Gerasimos T. , Varelas Erotokritos
Published: September 2018

Standard Macroeconomics treats animal spirits as a source of uncertainty disturbing otherwise rational expectations. But, Keynesian animal spirits ensue from suboptimal emotional responses to socioeconomic status change beyond matters of uncertainty. This paper identifies such spirits with the disturbance from the optimal decision-making implied by an emotional well-being utility function. The introduction of a policy-maker, holding its own view of private welfare in a society of emotional individuals, generates by itself, i.e. in the absence of animal spirits, uniform business fluctuations. This is the result of the income redistribution needed to reconcile the policy-maker’s with the emotional individual’s view of private welfare. Consequently, if animal-spirits induced fluctuations are already present when a policy-maker is introduced in the economy, the aim of policy intervention should be the design of that income redistribution that would not aggravate the business cycle but that would end up in uniform only cycles, with the aid perhaps of discretionary interest rate policy. Nevertheless, if animal spirits do not exist when the policy-maker enters the system, the income-redistribution induced cycles may incite such spirits by themselves in which case the cycles will not be of the uniform type. All comes down to “income and emotion”, to an ageless and ecumenical fact of life, complicated purposefully or not by authority.
Bed capacity and surgical waiting lists: a simulation analysis
Authors: Antelo Manel , Santias Francisco Reyes , Calvo Adela Martinez
Published: September 2018

Waiting time for elective surgery is a key problem in the current medical world. This paper aims to reproduce, by a Monte Carlo simulation model, the relationship between hospital capacity, inpatient activity, and surgery waiting list size in teaching hospitals. Inpatient activity is simulated by fitting a Normal distribution to real inpatient activity data, and the effect of the number of beds on inpatient activity is modelled with a linear regression model. Analysis is performed with data of the University Multi-Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela (Santiago de Compostela, Spain), by considering two scenarios regarding the elastiticity of demand with bed increase. If demand does not grow with an increase on bed capacity, small changes lead to drastic reductions in the waiting lists. However, if demand grows as bed capacity does, adding additional capacity merely makes waiting lists worse.
Editorial statement: The first five years of the European Journal of Government and Economics
Authors: Varela Diego , Benedetto Giacomo , Sanchez-Santos Jose Manuel
Published: September 2018

This editorial statement reflects on the experience from the first five years of the European Journal of Government and Economics and proposes some broad ideas about what we believe should be the future of the journal in the following years. The developments and ideas presented here are divided in three parts: achievements and difficulties of the past five-year period, the renewal of the editorial team, and new challenges for the future.
The Short Selling Regulation in the EU: Assessing the Authorization Granted for ESMA to Prohibit Short Selling
Authors: Huhtilainen Matias
Published: September 2018

The paper discusses the renewed short selling regulation (Regulation (EU) No 236/2012) in the European Union. The focus is on the provisions that deal with prohibiting short selling in exceptional market circumstances. The Regulation further enforces certain obligations to report and disclose short positions. It is concluded that banning short selling is not an effective tool to contain extreme price volatility. The difference-in-differences regression and repeated measures GLM were used to test whether short selling bans were successful in containing volatility of those Spanish and Italian stocks that were subject to two back-to-back prohibitions during the years 2011-2013. The results are consistent with the majority of previous research, suggesting that the effectiveness of short sale constraints in reducing volatility is limited at best. Furthermore, there are evidence of counterproductive effects: constraints on short selling may actually increase volatility as well as deteriorate liquidity. However, based on theory and previous studies, reporting and disclosure requirements shall be favored provided they improve market efficiency as well as supervisory work of regulatory bodies.This paper discusses the renewed short selling regulation (Regulation (EU) No 236/2012) in the European Union. The focus is on the provisions that deal with prohibiting short selling in exceptional market circumstances. The Regulation further enforces certain obligations to report and disclose short positions. It is concluded that banning short selling is not an effective tool to contain extreme price volatility. The difference-in-differences regression and repeated measures GLM were used to test whether short selling bans were successful in containing volatility of those Spanish and Italian stocks that were subject to two back-to-back prohibitions during the years 2011-2013. The results are consistent with the majority of previous research, suggesting that the effectiveness of short sale constraints in reducing volatility is limited at best. Furthermore, there are evidence of counterproductive effects: constraints on short selling may actually increase volatility as well as deteriorate liquidity. However, based on theory and previous studies, reporting and disclosure requirements shall be favored provided they improve market efficiency as well as supervisory work of regulatory bodies. <w:LsdException Locked="fal
Perceptions of gender equality in post-crisis Europe
Authors: Soboleva Natalia
Published: September 2018

The paper aims to compare the perceptions of gender equality of individuals more or less affected by economic crisis in Europe. Crisis touched the economy of most European countries but to a different extent. Special focus is given to the perceptions of gender equality of vulnerable groups (female, lesser-educated, one-adult households with children). The data is Eurobarometer 2011. The sample is limited to respondents aged 18-65. According to the results of multilevel regression analysis, those who have suffered from crisis assess lower the current level of gender equality whereas perceptions of gender equality do not differ depending on the effect of crisis upon the country. Women assess gender equality more positively compared to men. Those who live in one-adult households with children have higher perceptions of gender equality compared to those who live in other types of households. The discrepancy between lesser-educated and higher educated is larger in countries that suffered less from crisis. However, when the change in GDP per capita is taken as a measure of crisis the effects for family structure and education are not robust.
The Link between Quality of Governance and Stock Market Performance: International Level Evidence
Authors: Boadi Isaac , Amegbe Hayford
Published: September 2018

The present study investigates the link between quality of governance and stock market performance within the context of international markets. The study employed the Fixed Effect model using 23 countries with complete relevant data for the period spanning from 1996 to 2014. The study reveals that, quality of governance as captured by Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption significantly affect stock market performance. Varying effects are produced when the countries are decomposed into income classifications. What is more, the findings and suggestions of this study suggest that quality of government significantly affect foreign direct investment and could have interesting policy implications. The main value of this paper is to examine the link between quality of governance and stock market performance within the context of international markets.
Institutional quality and the wealth of autocrats
Authors: Boudreaux Christopher J , Holcombe Randall
Published: September 2018

One frequently given explanation for why autocrats maintain corrupt and inefficient institutions is that the autocrats benefit personally even though the citizens of their countries are worse off. The empirical evidence does not support this hypothesis. Autocrats in countries with low-quality institutions do tend to be wealthy, but typically, they were wealthy before they assumed power. A plausible explanation, consistent with the data, is that wealthy individuals in countries with inefficient and corrupt institutions face the threat of having their wealth appropriated by government, so have the incentive to use some of their wealth to seek political power to protect the rest of their wealth from confiscation. While autocrats may use government institutions to increase their wealth, autocrats in countries with low-quality institutions tend to be wealthy when they assume power, because wealthy individuals have the incentive to use their wealth to acquire political power to protect themselves from a potentially predatory government.
Examination of some biochemical properties of honeys in Mutki (Bitlis-Turkey)
Authors: KİREÇCİ Oğuz Ayhan , ÖZŞAHİN Ayşe Dilek
Published: September 2018

In
this study, the sugar content, total phenolic content, flavonoid types and levels
of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), proline of honey samples collected from
Bitlis-Mutki were analyzed. According to the sugar analysis of samples of
honey, it was found that arabinose, fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose. In
the honey examples, the level of glucose and fructose maximum, sucrose minimum
level were determined. In addition, two comparative antioxidant assays, namely
DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging assay, were applied to detect the antioxidant
power of honeys. The antioxidant and chemical properties in Bitlis-Mutki's  honeys the make them products of high added
value and excellent quality. In conclusion, it was observed that the results
were in accordance with the EU standards as well as the Turkish Food Codex
Honey Notification.
Studies on the Fauna of Crabronidae Family (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Tokat Province
Authors: GÜLMEZ Yaşar , ÇUBUK Faruk Tolga
Published: September 2018

In this study, 587 adult insect specimens belonging to the Crabronidae family (Insecta: Hymenoptera) were collected from Tokat Province between 2009 and 2012. Totally 89 taxa were identified, of which 68 are new records for the fauna of the province. As a result, the total number of species in the family is reached to 114 together with the previously known 46. All specimens were prepared as standard museum materials and deposited in Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Entomological Resarch Laboratory Tokat/Turkey.
ON A PENDULUM MOTION IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SPACE. PART 3. DEPENDENCE OF FORCE FIELDS ON THE TENSOR OF ANGULAR VELOCITY
Authors: Shamolin M. V.
Published: September 2018

In the proposed cycle of work, we study the equations of motion of dynamically symmetric fixedn-dimensional rigid bodiespendulums located in a nonconservative force fields. The form of these equationsis taken from the dynamics of real fixed rigid bodies placed in a homogeneous flow of a medium.In parallel, we study the problem of motion of a free n-dimensional rigid body also located in a similarforce fields. Herewith, this free rigid body is influenced by a nonconservative tracing force; under actionof this force, either the magnitude of the velocity of some characteristic point of the body remains constant,which means that the system possesses a nonintegrable servo constraint. In this work, we studythat case when the force fields linearly depend on the tensor of angular velocity.
ROLE OF HUMAN AND SOCIAL CAPITAL RESOURCES IN THE PROCESS OF RE- SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONS WHO HAVE SERVED A CRIMINAL PENALTY AND WHO HAVE BEEN RELEASED FROM IT
Authors: Shchukina N. P. , Nikitina B. A.
Published: September 2018

The article examines the resources of persons who served criminal sentences and have been released from it on the basis of the results of an empirical study carried out within the framework of the project The road map for resocialization and real inclusion in civil society of persons who have served a criminal sentence and have been released from it (20182021). Two groups of respondents were singled out: those who departed and those who are serving their sentence again. The second group of respondents unites prisoners who serve criminal sentences repeatedly, which are considered in the study as carriers of ineffective practice of post-penitentiary resocialization. The analysis identifies groups of more and less adapted respondents, studies the role of social and human capital in ensuring the effectiveness of the process of resocialization. The collected data clearly demonstrate that the criminal biography of the respondents obviously hinders the processes of resocialization in all spheres of their life activity. On the other hand, the qualifications acquired as a result of getting an education do not always play a big role in resocialization, a much more effective strategy is to find employment in any capacity, even in the situation of incomplete compliance or inconsistency with the work of the available qualifications. In conclusion, recommendations are given regarding the need to develop the reflexivity of prisoners, their self-actualization and planning skills for various spheres of life after they are released.
ON THE ISSUE OF DIFFERENTATION OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR REPEATED CRIMES
Authors: Semenova D. M.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with problems of differentiation of criminal responsibility depending on the social danger forms of multiple offenses. Conception of differentiation of responsibility is defined. Provisions of the existing criminal legislation are analyzed based on responsibility for the repeated crime and recidivism. The norms of the current legislation, judicial practice, judicial statistics are examined and noticed that the regulation of criminal responsibility in the Criminal Code contradicts to the forms of multiple crimes, and not according to the principles of humanism, justice, and the inevitability of punishment. The conclusion about expediency of a differentiated approach to casual and professional criminals is made. In conclusion, proposals for the reform of Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are formulated in order to ensure the optimal differentiation of criminal responsibility, taking into account public danger forms of multiple offenses.
ISSUES OF ENSURING PROCEDURAL INDEPENDENCE OF AN INVESTIGATOR IN RUSSIAN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Stolnikov P. M.
Published: September 2018

The article analyzes certain problems of ensuring the procedural independence of an investigator in the Russian criminal process. The author notes the inner inconsistency of the norms of modern Russian criminal procedural legislation concerning the participation of an investigator in criminal proceedings, which raises problems when trying to apply said norms practically. The author also claims these issues of the criminal procedural legislation to be one of the factors reducing the procedural independence of an investigator. The article examines the influence of prosecutors supervision, as well as departmental and judicial control on the procedural independence of an investigator. There is an emphasis on the considerable debatableness of these issues. The article sees the investigator's discretion as the main way of realizing his procedural independence. Summing up, the author makes proposals on improving Russian criminal procedure legislation and disposing of duplicate control over the investigator's activities.
STRATEGIC PRIORITIES OF CRIMINAL LAW – RETRIBUTION OR RESOCIALIZATION?
Authors: Bibik O. N.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the problem of determining the priority directions of application of criminal law. It is noted that criminal law is more focused not on resocialization, but on retribution, which entails serious social costs. This is explained by the theory of expected utility, according to which people often ignore the long-term consequences, show myopia. The society demands retribution and thus groundlessly hopes that subsequently the criminal after the served sentence will correct. This problem is considered through the prism of the laws established in economic science in relation to the sphere of investment and consumption. Society and the state in committing a crime are forced to choose between immediate satisfaction of their needs for retribution (consumption) and the complete or partial abandonment of criminal prosecution, resocialization of the person (investment). This rejection of investment will lead in the future to reduce the effectiveness of the criminal justice system (paradox of thrift). It is concluded that only cultural stereotypes are an obstacle to the revision of the criticized strategy.
CONCEPT OF PUNISHMENT IN THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA
Authors: Bezverkhov A. G.
Published: September 2018

This article examines methodological and legal and technical issues of the legislative definition of the concept of punishment in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It is proved that the normative concept of this measure of an angular-legal character is complex-structured, branched, and its signs are dispersed in the set of normative prescriptions of the General and Special Parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author substantiates the provision that justice can not be oriented simultaneously to several purposes of punishment without harm to the process of taking a judicial decision, since the goals listed in the criminal law and inadmissibility can not be fully realized simultaneously. It is shown that the content of the general concept of punishment can be filled with different meanings and can not be formulated in the criminal law absolutely and unequivocally. Hence, the legislative definition of the concept of punishment must be formal. Formally define criminal punishment means to indicate in the law its scope (that is, the form of the concept). It is suggested to define the concept of punishment first of all by establishing and formulating in the criminal law a system of principles for applying this measure of state coercion (the principle of legitimacy is no punishment without a crime, the principle of legality is no punishment without law, the principle of publicity punishment is applied only on behalf of the state on the verdict of the court, the principle of guilty responsibility is punishable only by a person convicted of a crime, the principle of proportionate liability is that it is not possible to be punished twice for the same thing, the principle of humanity penalty may not be designed to cause physical suffering or degradation; etc.), and the general principles of its use. The legislative definition of punishment should also be reflected in the General and Special Parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation by designating specific types of criminal punishment and determining the measure of each of them with the establishment of clear limits to its application. Attention is drawn to the fact that the procedure and conditions for execution and serving of sentences are regulated by the criminal-executive legislation of the Russian Federation; this circumstance means that the essential properties and relations of the notion of punishment are displayed in the adjacent (criminal) legislation.
RESOCIALIZATION OF PERSONS WHO HAVE SERVED CRIMINAL PENALTY AND WERE RELEASED FROM IT IN REGULATORY ACTS: LEGAL GAPS AND CONTRADICTIONS
Authors: Klimanova O. V.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to the research of legal bases and legal limits of resocialization of persons who have served criminal penalty and were released from it that is especially important in view of interbranch and interdisciplinary character of this phenomenon which is a subject of attention not only of legal, but also sociological sciences. For valuation of systemacity of legislation on resocialization 22 federal legal acts, 81 regional and municipal legal acts were investigated by the author. On the basis of the analysis of current legislation conclusions on deficiency of interrelation and interaction of norms on penitentiary and postpenitentiary resocialization, on a discrepancy of volume of legislative concepts of resocialization and social adaptation with the content of their qualitative signs and also on deficiency of special legal warranties for the released person on rendering the assistance in adaptation to essentially new living conditions to him are drawn. As a result the directions of improvement of current federal legislation which are designed to improve the quality of regional legal acts subsequently and to correct practice of resocialization of persons who have served criminal penalty and were released from it locally are offered.
Selective resection of the bone with preservation of soft tissues (“empty toe technique”) combined with negative pressure wound therapy for treatment of osteomyelitis of the great toe - a case report
Authors: Białecki Jacek , Pyda Przemysław , Hupało-Tatarkiewicz Michalina
Published: September 2018

Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, and one that is difficult to treat. In many cases of DFU, chronic osteomyelitis occurs in the foot. The present paper describes the course of treatment for chronic osteomyelitis of the great toe with metatarsophalangeal arthritis using selective resection of the bone preserving the soft tissues (the “empty toe technique”). Following the procedure, to promote surgical wound healing, negative pressure wound therapy was administered for 7 days, with a constant pressure of –120 mmHg. The presented method was found to be effective in treating osteomyelitis in a patient with DFU, partially preserving the function and completely preserving the shape of the treated toe.
Evaluation of the dynamics of the main indicators of treatment care and the long-term results of conservative treatment of ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding
Authors: Ektov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Minakov Oleg Evgenevich , Muzalkov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Kuzina Anna Viktorovna , Chernyshova Natalya Vladimirovna , Donchenko Vitalii Konstantinovich , Brezhnev Stanislav Gennadevich
Published: September 2018

Relevance. Improvement of medical and diagnostic care for ulcerous gastroduodenal bleeding is a complex problem of modern medicine, the solution of which is connected both with the search for and introduction of modern medical technologies into clinical practice, and with the necessity to conduct in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of medical care in this pathology at various stages of its delivery.
Purpose .To study the dynamics of the main indicators of the provision of medical and diagnostic care to patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding in a large multidisciplinary hospital and to evaluate the long-term results of conservative treatment of this group of patients.
Materials and methods. An assessment of the dynamics of the main indicators of the provision of medical and diagnostic care for ulcerative gastrointestinal bleeding in the Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital for the period from 1989 to 2010, during which 1831 patients were hospitalized. Long-term results of 106 patients were analyzed. Among the patients, males predominated (70.7%), the average age was 50.2 ± 4.7 years (median - 18 - 79 years). In 62 patients (58.5%) bleeding ulcer was located in the duodenum.
Results. During the analyzed period there was a general tendency to reduce the number of hospitalizations by 57.8%. Surgical activity in this pathology in 1989-1993 was 56.0%; in the period from 2009 to 2013, this indicator decreased to 33.8% against the background of an increase in the postoperative mortality to 8.7%. In the evaluation of long-term results, favorable outcomes of treatment were noted - in 74.5% of patients. In 17.9% of patients with peptic ulcer with predominant localization of ulcers in the DPC, the development of various complications and recurrences of bleeding was noted, which gives grounds for recommending in the current situation the implementation of planned surgical interventions.
Conclusions. Conservative treatment of ulcerative gastroduodenal bleedings with the use of endoscopic technologies creates conditions for optimization of immediate and long-term outcomes of treatment. The polyethiologic nature of the disease and the significant specific gravity of severe combined pathology makes it urgent to introduce a multidisciplinary brigade principle for the treatment of ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding.
Key words: ulcerative gastroduodenal bleeding.
Metastatic adrenal lesions in cancer patients.
Authors: Moshurov Ivan Petrovich , Andreeva Olga Valerievna
Published: September 2018

Relevance.The col lective concept of" incidence " of the adrenal glands includes a group of neoplasms of more than 1 cm in diameter, accidentally revealed by radiation methods of research. With the development of methods of instrumental diagnostics, the number of adrenal glands detected by the incident is steadily increasing, including in patients with a history of malignant neoplasm (ZNO).
Objective.Study of the frequency of occurrence metastaties  of adrenal tumors in cancer patients.
Materials and methods. Made 137 fine-needle aspiration biopsies (TAB) of adrenal tumors in the patients in whom during follow-up were detected adrenal incidence.
Results. According to the results of morphological verification in 44(32%) cases of adrenal tumors were metastatic.
Conclusion. Adrenal tumors, detected in patients with malignant neoplasms of different localization, can be provided as metastatic and benign tumors. However, each revealed a tumor in the adrenal glands of patients undergoing treatment after testing shall be considered as potentially metastatic.
A New Method of Boerhaave Syndrome Surgical Treatment and Its Experimental Justification
Authors: Rayhan Md all , Bulynin Viktor Viktorovich , Zhdanov Alexander Ivanovich , Parkhisenko Yuri Alexandrovich , Leibovich Borich Efimovich
Published: September 2018

Relevance. Spontaneous esophageal rupture (Boerhaave syndrome) is observed relatively rare ranging from 2.9% to 12% of all cases of damage of the esophagus. Today, there is not any categorical opinion about the effectiveness of different treatments among surgeons, there are not any single algorithms for the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment. Spontaneous esophageal rupture is a real threat for the life of patient: mortality up to 75% in the prehospital period and more than 90% in the postoperative period, and depends on the time interval between the rupture of the esophageal wall and the operation time, and also complications (suppurative esophagitis, suppurative mediastinitis, bilateral suppurative lobular pneumonia, sepsis).
Purpose. To improve results of surgical treatment of patients with spontaneous esophageal rupture using the results obtained in the experiment.
Materials and methods. Since 2004 till 2017 twelve patients with spontaneous esophageal rupture were treated in our hospital. Ways of treatment of lower third of esophageal rupture: drainage of pleural cavity – 2 patients; closure of the defect, fundoplication with covered stitches by the bottom of the stomach – 2 patients; perforated hole was not sutured, and a cuff, covering the perforation, was formed from the bottom of the stomach (fundoplication by Chernousov) – 8 patients. These methods of surgical treatment were applied in the experiments on 120 rats. Each group consisted of 40 rats.
Results and discussion. The pleural cavity drainage, lethality – 1 (50%) patient. The suturing of the defect of the esophageal walls, the fundoplication with the stitches, covered by the bottom of the stomach, failure of stitches – 2 patients, lethality – 1 (50%) patients. The perforated hole was not sutured, and the cuff was shaped from the bottom of the stomach, covering the perforation. Lethality – 2 (25%) patients, caused by bilateral pneumonia in contrast to progressive sepsis. Other patients operated on this method didn’t have any failure of stiches.
In the experiment: in the 1st group the failure of stitches was 87.5% and lethality – 100%; in the 2nd group the failure of stitches was 85% and lethality – 100%; in the 3rd group  there was not any failure of stitches, lethality – 17.5%.
Conclusions. The most effective method of treatment is the restoration of rupture esophagus without suturing, and forming a cuff from the bottom of the stomach, covering the perforation. Drainage of pleural cavity and nutrition through a nasogastric tube.
Features of the topographic anatomy of the rat trachea and the possibility of performing surgical interventions.
Authors: Kurganskiy Ilya Sergeevich , Inozemtsev Evgeniy Olegovich , Lepekhova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Goldberg Oleg Aronovich , Apartsin Konstantin Anatolievich , Grigor'yev Evgeniy Georgievich
Published: September 2018

Relevance: despite the improvement of surgical techniques, the number of postoperative complications in surgical interventions on the trachea remains high. One of the ways to improve the results of treatment is the development and study of new surgical interventions.
Aim: The work is devoted to the study of the topographic and anatomical features of the structure of the rat trachea
Materials and methods: The study was performed using rats of the Wistar line and was approved by a local ethical committee. Methods of descriptive anatomy and morphology were used.
Results: the obtained results made it possible to reveal features of the topographic-anatomical structure of the rat trachea: the presence of hyaline cartilages in the form of a ring; grown-up cartilaginous rings forming the fusion of the X, Y, W forms; in the submucosal layer of the trachea there are multiple clusters of mucoses associated with lymphatic tissue; pronounced venous traheoidesis plexus; developed, dense adventitia of the trachea. In rats, the epithelial transition from a multilayer flat non-coronary to a single-stranded thief-synchoid occurs below the vocal cords. According to the histological structure, the rat trachea wall is close to the human trachea, has adventitia, a cartilaginous framework, a submucosal osseous and a mucous membrane.
Conclusion: these features of the structure of the trachea of ​​Wistar rats allow them to be used to model pathology of the trachea and to develop surgical interventions.
Morphological changes in the tissues of the experimental model of hemangioma with concurrent medication of β-blockers and interstitial introduction of the Kenalog preparation.
Authors: Okunev Nicolai Alexsandrovich , Okuneva Alexandra Ivanovna , Shilov Alexandr Alexsandrovich , Balashov Vladimir Pavlovich , Shchekin Oleg Alexsandrovich
Published: September 2018

Relevance. Hemangiomas are the most common variety among tumors of the skin and soft tissues in children. The number of patients with this pathology is currently increasing. There are many methods to therapy hemangiomas in children. Currently, such drugs as Propranolol and Kenalog are widely used in the treatment of this pathology.
Aim. Study the effect of β - blockers and the preparation of Kenalog on the tissues of the experimental model of hemangioma with simultaneous introduction.
Materials and methods. For the experimental study, 20 live chickens were used. The histological structure of the vascular or capillary zone of the crest of the chicken resembles the human angioma. All chickens were divided into 4 groups of 5 individuals. Observing the general condition of chickens, macroscopic and histological examination of the crest of the hens were carried out.
Results and conclusions. By the 15th day, all the chickens from the experimental group had died presumably because of massive vascular thrombosis. According to the result given above, simultaneous ingestion of β-blockers and interstitial administration of the Kenalog product are not recommended because of the possibility of thrombus formation and a high probability of death.
Mayat Valentin Sergeevich - a well-known scientist, surgeon, teacher, creator of the surgical scientific school (on the 115th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekceevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: September 2018

Mayat Valentin Sergeevich - surgeon, doctor of medical sciences (1946), professor (1950), Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation, Hero of Socialist Labor (1969), laureate of the USSR State Prize (1976, 1987).Mayat Valentin Sergeevich was born in 1903. After the termination of the 2nd Moscow University he worked in a hospital surgical clinic (since 1925), served in the Red Army (since 1939). During the Great Patriotic War - the leading surgeon of the Penza evacuation hospital No. 1649 (since October 1941), the chief surgeon of the evacuation hospitals in the Penza region (from August 1942 to August 1945). In 1949, V.S. Majat worked in the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the surgical department of the government hospital, while lecturing at Peking University. After returning from the PRC, he was elected the head of the Department of Hospital Surgery of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute (1953), simultaneously (1952-1964) was deputy chief surgeon and then chief surgeon of the 4th Main Directorate of the Ministry of Health of the USSR (until 1974). He developed a new method of phalloplasty, the classification of gunshot joint injuries. He prepared 14 doctors and 47 candidates of medical sciences, published over 250 scientific papers, author of 3 monographs, including on the topic: "Carotid artery surgery" (1966), which was awarded the NN Prize. Burdenko. Honorary member of the Moscow (1973), Georgian (1976), All-Union (1978) scientific surgical societies, a member of the International Society of Surgeons. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the Second World War, several foreign orders and medals.
Justin Ivlianovich JANELIDZE – Chairman of the all-Union society of surgeons, Chief surgeon of the Soviet Navy, chief editor of the journal "Bulletin of surgery" (135th anniversary of birth)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekceevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: September 2018

In 1883 in Georgia in a peasant family was born Justin Ivlianovich Janelidze. After graduating from the Kutaisi classical gymnasium (1903) studied in Kharkiv (1903-1905) and Geneva universities (1905 – 1909). Defended his thesis on the topic: "the question of teratoma and testicular tumors" (1909). In 1910 I. I. Dzhanelidze returned to Russia and received the title of doctor with honors, doctor of medicine (1911). From 1911 to 1914 he worked at the St. Petersburg women's medical Institute at the Department of hospital surgery. In 1911 G. I. Janelidze made a successful operation a patient with a wound of the right ventricle of the heart, in 1913 - world's first stitched the wound of the ascending aorta. During the first world war Justin Ivlianovich was a doctor of the field hospital trains. On his return from the army he worked as an assistant Professor, Department of General surgery (1921) the Petrograd medical Institute. In 1927, I. I. Janelidze was elected to the chair of hospital surgery of I Leningrad medical Institute, headed until 1943 1932 he is also scientific Director of the Leningrad Institute of emergency care. In 1939, Justin Ivlianovich - chief surgeon of the Navy of the USSR. In 1943, I. I. Janelidze was appointed chief of the Department of hospital surgery educated in the naval medical Academy.

I. Janelidze is the author of over 100 scientific works, including monographs: "the Wounds of the heart and their surgical treatment", "Free skin grafting in Russia and the Soviet Union," "Bronchial fistula gunshot origin." He developed methods of surgical treatment of wounds of the heart, mediastinum, arterial and arteriovenous aneurysms of the carotid, subclavian and femoral arteries, plastic surgery, methods of reduction of dislocated shoulder and hip.

Most famous was his monograph "Bronchial fistula gunshot origin", for which he was awarded the State prize of the USSR (1948). In 1946 he was elected Chairman of the all-Union society of surgeons and remained in this post until the end of life. He was editor-in-chief of the journal "Bulletin of surgery" (1937-1941 gg.), the editor of "war surgery" in the "Encyclopedic dictionary of military medicine", member of the editorial Board and the author of several chapters of the multivolume work "the Experience of Soviet medicine in great Patriotic war 1941-1945", magazines "Surgery" and "New surgical archive". I. I. Janelidze was elected Deputy of the Leningrad city Council of people's deputies. He was awarded two orders of Lenin, order of the red banner, the Gold medal "hammer and Sickle" and many medals. January 14, 1950 I. I. Janelidze died.