bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensaio sobre o comportamento
Authors: Neves Júlia Guimarães , Krüger Veridiana de Lima Gomes , Frison Lourdes Maria Bragagnolo
Published: June 2019

Este ensaio, de natureza teórica, revisita conceitos formulados por destacados pesquisadores vinculados aos estudos sobre o comportamento: Ivan Pavlov, John Watson e Burrhus Frederic Skinner. Transitamos pelo estudo do comportamento de base científica, filosófica e, com especial destaque, adentramos na relação comportamento e educação. Ao revisitarmos as concepções do referidos os autores, refletimos sobre as apropriações e transferências que foram realizadas entre o que foi produzido no terreno do comportamentalismo e o que foi vivenciado como abordagem comportamentalista da educação. O ensaio mostra como a produção teórica sobre o comportamento constituiu justificativa para a tendência tecnicista, que vivenciou o seu auge em território brasileiro nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Não obstante dos fins educacionais vivenciados na referida época, o ensaio aponta as contribuições atemporais dos autores citados e daquilo que produziu e permanece produzindo formas de conhecer o humano, as suas interações e as ações no e com o mundo.
The novel modeling approach for the study of thermal degradation of PMMA/nanooxide systems
Authors: Jovicic Mirjana , Bera Oskar , Meszaros Szecsenyi Katalin , Kojic Predrag , Budinski-Simendic Jaroslava , Govedarica Dragan , Pavličević Jelena
Published: June 2019

PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) nanocomposites differing in their nature, size, and surface area were prepared containing one volume percent of silica, alumina or titania. These samples and pure PMMA were prepared in order to analyze how the presence of nanooxides affects the thermal stability and degradation kinetics of the materials. A detailed study of thermal degradation and thermal changes was performed by Simultaneous Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (SDT). The proposed mathematical model, including all three heating rates in one minimizing function, well fitted all TGA data obtained with a very high coefficient of correlation. This enabled an assessment of four decomposition steps of the PMMA samples and a calculation of their activation energies and individual contributions to total mass loss. The addition of the largest nanoparticles (titania) caused the highest activation energy for each DTG stage of the PMMA/nanooxide systems. The enhancement of head-to-head H–H bonding strength was achieved by addition of alumina and titania. The influence of the size and nature of nanoparticles on the glass transition temperature of prepared PMMA systems was also determined.
Ginger and Lemon Aromatherapy To Relieve Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy
Authors: Kustriyanti Dwi , Putri Arista Adityasari
Published: June 2019

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) are amongst the most common complaints of women during pregnancy, up to 80% of women have experienced various degrees of it. NVP impact on the quality of life, social and general well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ginger and lemon aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). This study was randomized control trial in which 90 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting before 16 age gestation who had eligibility criteria. They were randomly divided into ginger, lemon and placebo groups. Women were asked to record their nausea and vomiting for 7 days by form of PUQE-24, in first three days they were advised to adjust their diet and then received aromatherapy for four days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Chi Square and Wilcoxon test. PUQE total scores before and after intervention in the ginger, lemon and placebo groups were 7.67 Â± 2.304 vs. 6.85 Â± 1.575, P = 0.000; 7.16 Â± 1.598 vs. 5.50 Â± 1.448, P = 0.000 and 6.70 Â± 1.787 vs 5.50 Â± 1.803, P value 0.00. Ginger and lemon essential oil were equally effective in reducing pregnancy nausea and vomiting.
LANDSLIDES SUSCEPTIBILITY ZONATION OF THE TERRITORY OF NORTH MACEDONIA USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS APPROACH
Authors: Milevski Ivica , Dragićević Slavoljub
Published: June 2019

Landslides are natural disasters that have an impact in many areas around the world including the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. In this country, about 300 large landslides are registered, most of which cause serious damage to the infrastructure almost every year. In that sense, the mapping of sites that are susceptible to landslides is essential for the management of these areas. This is a crucial step to prevent landslides in places where this could be expected or to mini-mize its damages. Therefore, a heuristic approach of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with Geographic In-formation System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) is used in this work for the assessment of potential landslide areas in the Republic of Macedonia. In the procedure, 6 triggering factors indicating a strong influence on the landslide activity are selected, including lithology, slope angle, land cover, terrain curvature, distance from rivers and distance from roads. Through the procedure, expert-based weight of these factors is made. The LS model is produced with the summing up of the factor layers in the form of harmonized raster grids. Finally, the values of the grid model are classified according to the quantiles and natural breaks scheme. The produced maps show acceptable results confirmed by validation methods and ROC analysis, indicating that about 40% of the country area is under high and very high landslide susceptibility. This ap-proach can be further improved if combined with statistical methods in the form of a hybrid model.
Granular Biofilms: Formation, Function, Application, and New Trends as Model Microbial Communities
Authors: Trego Anna Christine , Mills Simon , Collins Gavin
Published: June 2019

As the global demand for water increases, so does the quantity of wastewater requiring treatment. Due to a relatively low carbon footprint, compared with conventional wastewater treatment technologies, anaerobic digestion (AD) was identified in the 1970s as a forerunner in the push for sustainability, when interest in sustainable technologies and renewable energy sources was first sparked. AD technology development ultimately resulted in the discovery of the ‘anaerobic granule’. It is a spontaneously-forming bio-aggregate of microbial cells capable of digesting pollutants and producing methane-rich biogas as a renewable source of bioenergy. The high settling velocity of such granules meant that AD systems could be operated as high-rate treatment processes, because the active, relatively-slow-growing, pollutant-removing biomass would be retained inside, and not washed out of, even bioreactors operated at extremely high volumetric loading rates. In the intervening years the emergence of the anaerobic ammonium oxidising (anammox) granule, aerobic granule, hydrogenic granule, oxygenic photogranule, and many other functionally-specialised granules, has opened new opportunities in wastewater treatment biotechnology. Whilst environmental engineering based around wastewater treatment is still a growing field of research and implementation, the granule (in all forms) is starting to catch the attention of microbial ecologists. It is a self-immobilised biofilm, with many of the properties of ‘conventional’ biofilms formed in Nature. However, as a single entity, a granule represents an entire community of microorganisms, competing or functioning cooperatively or in syntrophy. Together, inside a bioreactor, granules perform side-by-side arguably representing a meta-organism. Granules are gaining traction as the perfect samples for high-throughput studies on fundamental ecological concepts. Granular biofilms can be used to test hypotheses around drivers of diversity, community assembly, biofilm formation and maturation, community expansion and succession, community stress response, among others. This review outlines the history of three of the most influential types of granules: the anaerobic (methanogenic), aerobic and anammox granule. The main biochemical processes found in each type; their primary characteristics; and the typical makeup of the microbial community underpinning the processes are compared. Finally, the adoption of granules as the perfect ‘playground’ for experiments in microbial ecology is reviewed.
Desktop Fabrication of Strong Poly (Lactic Acid) Parts: FFF Process Parameters Tuning
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir , Tavitov Azamat , Urzhumtcev Oleg , Korotkov Artem , Solonin Alexey , Solodov Sergey
Published: June 2019

Current study aims to evaluate the possibilities to increase part strength by optimizing the FFF process parameters. Five different CAD models of parts with same coupling dimensions but different shape inherited from a recent study were converted into test samples with Ultimaker 2 3D printer. The main measure of success was the sample strength, defined as the load at which the first crack in the stressed area of the part appeared. Three different modifications to the FFF process with verified positive effect on interlayer bonding were applied. First modification included raising the extrusion temperature and disabling printed part cooling. Second modification consisted in reduction of the layer thickness. Third modification combined the effects of the first and the second ones. For four out of five shapes tested applied process modifications resulted in significant strengthening of the part. The shape that exhibited the best results was subject to further research by creating special printing mode. The mode included fine-tuning of three technological parameters on different stages of the part fabrication. As result it was possible to increase the part strength by 108% only by tuning printing parameters of the best shape designed with increasing its weight by 8%.
Heat Source Modeling in Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Mirkoohi Elham , Seivers Daniel E. , Garmestani Hamid , Liang Steven Y.
Published: June 2019

Selective laser melting is an emerging Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology for metals. Intricate three-dimensional parts can be generated from the powder bed by selectively melting the desired location of the powders. The process is repeated for each layer until the part is built. The necessary heat is provided by a laser. Temperature magnitude and history during SLM directly determine the molten pool dimensions, thermal stress, residual stress, balling effect, and dimensional accuracy. Laser-matter interaction is a crucial physical phenomenon in the SLM process. In this paper, five different heat source models are introduced to predict the three-dimensional temperature field analytically. These models are known as steady state moving point heat source, transient moving point heat source, semi-elliptical moving heat source, double elliptical moving heat source, and uniform moving heat source. The analytical temperature model for all of the heat source models are solved using three-dimensional differential equation of heat conduction with different approaches. The Steady state and transient moving heat source are solved using separation of variables approach. However, the rest of models are solved by employing the Green’s functions. Due to the high magnitude of the temperature in the presence of the laser, the temperature gradient is usually high which has a substantial impact on thermal material properties. Consequently, the temperature field is predicted by considering the temperature sensitivity thermal material properties. Moreover, due to the repeated heating and cooling, the part usually undergoes several melting and solidification cycles, this physical phenomenon is considered by modifying the heat capacity using latent heat of melting. Furthermore, the multi-layer aspect of metal AM process is considered by incorporating the temperature history from the previous layer since the interaction of the layers have an impact on heat transfer mechanisms. The proposed temperature field models based on different heat source approaches are validated using experimental measurement of melt pool geometry from independent experimentations. The detailed explanation of the comparison of models is also provided. Moreover, the effect of process parameters on the balling effect is also discussed.
Functional and Pharmacological Analyses of the Role of Penicillium digitatum Proteases on Virulence
Authors: Ballester Ana-Rosa , López-Pérez Mario , de la Fuente Beatriz , González-Candelas Luis
Published: June 2019

Penicillium digitatum is the major postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit under Mediterranean climate conditions. In the present work, we have addressed the study of the role of P. digitatum’s proteases in virulence following two complementary approaches. In a first approach, we have undertaken the functional characterization of the P. digitatum prtT gene, which codes for a transcription factor previously shown to regulate extracellular proteases in other filamentous fungi. Deletion of prtT caused a significant loss in secreted protease activity during in vitro growth assays. However, there was no effect on virulence. Gene expression of the two major secreted acid proteases was barely affected in the ΔprtT deletant during infection of citrus fruit. Hence, no conclusion could be drawn on the role of these secreted acidic proteases on the virulence of P. digitatum. In a second approach, we have studied the effect of different protease inhibitors and chelators in virulence. Co-inoculation of citrus fruit with P. digitatum conidia and a cocktail of protease inhibitors resulted in almost a complete absence of disease development. Analysis of individual inhibitors revealed that the metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline was responsible for the observed effect. The application of metal ions reverted the protective effect caused by the metallopeptidase inhibitor. These results may set the basis for the development of new alternative treatments to combat this important postharvest pathogen.
Bubble-Population-Balance Modeling for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Foam Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Processes: From Pore-Scale to Core-Scale and Field-Scale Events
Authors: Izadi Mohammad , Kam Seung Ihl
Published: June 2019

A bubble-population-balance foam-modeling technique is developed to investigate how carbon dioxide (CO2) foam behaves rheologically and propagates in a field-scale radial system. The modeling technique is based on pore-scale events and honors three different foam states (weak, strong, and intermediate) and two steady-state strong-foam-flow regimes (high- and low-quality) measured in core-scale experiments. The model parameters are first obtained from a fit to laboratory–coreflood experimental data, and then the mechanistic model is applied to different types of CO2 foams, ranging from gaseous to supercritical–CO2 foams, represented by various mobilization pressure gradients.

The results from the fit to existing coreflood data show that a reasonable match can be made satisfying multiple constraints, such as hysteresis exerted by three foam states, non–Newtonian flow behavior caused by gas trapping and shear–thinning rheology, and bubble stability in different capillary pressure environments. When applied to field–scale scenarios, supercritical–CO2 foams requiring low mobilization pressure gradients propagate much farther than gaseous–CO2 foams, far enough to make use of promising supercritical–CO2 foams in the field. This study, for the first time, theoretically demonstrates why supercritical–CO2 foams should be preferred in the field compared with gaseous N2 or CO2 foams.

The companion paper to extend this study to full–field–scale foam propagation in conjunction with gravity segregation is Izadi and Kam (2018).
Easy-DHPSF 2.0: open-source software for three-dimensional localization and two-color registration of single molecules with nanoscale accuracy
Authors: Bayas Camille , Diezmann Alex von , Gustavsson Anna-Karin , Moerner W. E.
Published: June 2019

Automated processing of double-helix (DH) microscope images of fluorescent single molecules (SMs) streamlines the protocol required to obtain super-resolved three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of ultrastructures in biological samples by single-molecule active control microscopy (SMACM). Here, we present a suite of MATLAB subroutines, bundled with an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI), that facilitates 3D localization of single emitters (e.g. SMs, fluorescent beads, or quantum dots) with typical precisions of tens of nanometers in multi-frame movies acquired using a wide-field DH epifluorescence microscope. The algorithmic approach is based upon template matching for SM recognition and least‑squares fitting for 3D position measurement, both of which are computationally expedient and precise. Overlapping images of SMs are ignored, and the precision of least-squares fitting is not as high as maximum likelihood-based methods. Version 2.0 of Easy-DHPSF augments the approach of Version 1.0 by incorporating code that facilitates combining localization data from two spectral channels using a locally-weighted quadratic 3D registration function.
Bilateral exudative retinal detachment in a patient with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a case report
Authors: Li Liang , Gao Ling
Published: June 2019

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cerebrovascular disease, it’s ocular symptoms often characterized by a subacute bilateral visual loss, or diplopia and paralysis of eye movements. Fundus examination usually presents as bilateral papilledema and other ocular signs are rare. We report a case of bilateral multiple retinal detachments and finally diagnosed as CVST.

Case presentation: A 49-year old woman with progressive headache and bilateral vision deterioration visited our clinic. Ophthaomological examinations including medical history, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography and Optical coherence tomography and head Magnetic Resonance Venogram (MRV) was also performed. Blood tests for ruling out systemic diseases were also performed. Fundus exam revealed bilateral multiple retinal detachment with sub-retinal fluid and blurred disc margin. Fluorescein angiography (FA) revealed early hypofluorescence in the background stage, multiple pinpoint leakages at the level of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and late pooling to outline the boundary of retinal detachment, with some of the leakage shaped as multiple circles in the late stage of FA. OCT revealed retinal and choroid folds, bilateral serous effusion in the sub neuro-retinal area. Lab results showed PPD 1:2000 (+++), T-spot test were positive; Head MRV showed thrombosis formation in the left transverse venous sinus.

Conclusions: The patient demonstrated that CVST would cause retinal capillary ischemia and lead to sub-retinal lesions and retinal detachments. Cautions should be taken when patients presenting common ocular characteristics with usual systemic conditions.
A Spatialization Method for Grain Yield Statistical Data: A Study on Winter Wheat of Shandong Province, China
Authors: Xiao Guofeng , Zhu Xiufang , Hou Chenyao , Liu Ying , Xu Kun
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Dividing the study area into subregions and classifying them improved winter wheat classification accuracy.

Single‐phase Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices acquired on 6 March, 23 April, 25 May, and 29 June were the best variables for building the wheat yield spatialization model.

The extraction accuracy of winter wheat area greatly impacted the spatialization of yield.

The proposed model can provide a technical reference for producing high‐resolution crop yield distribution maps.

Grain yield data based on administrative divisions (counties, cities, etc.) for statistics lack spatial information, which can be effectively solved by grain yield spatialization. This paper proposes a spatialization method for grain yield based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series data. The method was tested by taking winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Shandong Province in China as an example. First, the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm was trained to extract the winter wheat planting pixels in 2016. The average NDVIs of the different growing stages (returning green, jointing, heading, and milk ripening) were calculated from the MODIS NDVI time series data. The relationship between winter wheat yield and NDVI variables (including single‐phase NDVI and the average NDVI of different growing stages) was analyzed by univariate and multiple linear regressions. The NDVI variable with the highest correlation to winter wheat yield and the minimum root mean square error of the fitting equation were chosen as input to build the spatialization model. The results show that the classification accuracy of winter wheat estimated with the confusion matrix was 82.51% and that the average precision of planting acreage compared with county‐level statistical data was 87.64%. The average relative error of yield spatialization at the county level was 22.71%. The method developed in this paper is easy to operate and popularize, and it can provide a technical reference for producing high‐resolution crop yield distribution maps of long time series through spatialization.
Mulches Improve Ridge‐tillage Tomato Production under Drip Irrigation with Saline Water
Authors: Chen Xiulong , Kang Yaohu , Wan Shuqin , Guo Liping
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Soil salinity three years after first growing season was fluctuated slightly.

Soil salinity under wheat straw was lower than both waterproof and pervious plastic mulch.

Wheat straw improved tomato yield, followed by black waterproof plastic mulch.

Fresh water resources in the North China Plain are declining due to increasing industrial and domestic water use. These uses raise the agricultural demand for low quality water. To provide appropriate management techniques for safely using saline water, different mulching materials were tested on ridge‐tillage tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Four treatments: control (bare land, CK), black plastic (BPM), black sheet net (BSN), and wheat straw (SM) were designed to: (i) evaluate the effects of mulching on the irrigation amount, soil salinity, tomato yield, and irrigation water productivity (IWP); and (ii) develop integrated irrigation strategies using saline water securely. The average required water for the SM and BPM treatments reduced by 12 and 20%, respectively. Electrical conductivity of saturated paste extracts (ECe) increased from 1.91 to 4.07 dS m−1 in 0‐ to 40‐cm root zone and from 2.33 to 4.24 dS m−1 in 0‐ to 120‐cm soil profile after the first year irrigation, and then fluctuated slightly during the next 3 yr due to precipitation and evaporation. The ECe for the SM treatment was always the least in 4 yr. Compared with CK, the BPM and SM treatments over 4 yr increased the average tomato yield by 26 and 42%, and increased the average IWP by 62 and 70%, respectively. Therefore, straw mulching was the best mulching material to safely use saline water of <6.3 dS m−1 for the ridge‐tillage tomato under drip irrigation, followed by black plastic mulching, in a temperate semi humid monsoon climate zone.
Technique to Determine Water Uptake in Organic Plots
Authors: Logsdon S.D. , Cambardella C.A. , Prueger J.H.
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Measurement and theory were combined to determine evapotranspiration.

Uncertainty was considered for evapotranspiration determination.

Input included meteorological, crop, and minimal soil properties.

Methods to determine crop water use may be difficult to implement on numerous research plots. The purpose of this study was to calculate Priestley‐Taylor evapotranspiration (ET) from measured input and to assess uncertainty. Input data included net radiation, air temperature, barometric pressure, green ground cover, total ground cover, the ratio of crop to total green cover, soil texture class, and clay content for each soil layer, and periodic water content measurements with depth (daily for soil surface). The relationship between seasonal water use and yield was similar to literature values for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) dry matter as well as for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield, but the calculated water use was lower (∼80%) than literature values for corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield. Monthly trends in water use reflected the seasonal crop growth. In summary, the proposed technique was useful across multiple plots and cropping treatments, and was more reliable than a water balance approach in areas with lateral and upward flow due to periodic high water tables.
Antimicrobial activity of three medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Abiya S. E. , Odiyi B. O. , Falarunu L. R. , Abiya N. U.
Published: June 2019

The antimicrobial activities of three medicinal plants (Senna alata L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss, and Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) against pimples causing bacterium Propionibacterium acnes was studied using disc diffusion method. Extracts from each plant were used on the bacterium at three different dosage concentrations (0.1 mL, 0.15 mL and 0.2 mL). Their Zone of inhibition was measured in millimeter (mm) and compared against a known synthetic standard (Gentamycin). Results indicate that the plants differ significantly in their activity against the studied microorganism. S. alata had the highest inhibitory effect of all the plants used (26.00 mm, 30.67 mm and 36.00 mm, for 0.1 mL, 0.15 mL and 0.2 mL dosage concentration, respectively). This was followed by A. indica with 9.33 mm, 15.67 mm and 16.67 mm zone of inhibition for 0.1 mL, 0.15 mL and 0.2 mL dosage concentration, respectively. A. vera had no effect (0.0 mm zone of inhibition) at 0.1 mL and 0.15 mL dosage concentrations, but at 2.0 mL dosage concentration, 4.0 mm zone of inhibition was achieved. Gentamycin showed zones of inhibition of 17.33 mm, 26.67 mm and 22.67 mm, for 0.1 mL, 0.15 mL and 0.2 mL dosage concentration, respectively. A comparison of all result obtained from the three plant extracts and gentamycin shows that S. alata have a significantly higher (p > 0.05) inhibitory effect against the pimples causing bacterium; Propionibacterium acnes than all the other treatments. The trend follows S. alata > Gentamycin > A. indica > A. vera, respectively, in terms of their inhibitory effect. Therefore, S. alata is more active and is the most appropriate plant to be used for treating of acne vulgaris among the three plant species selected for this experiment.
Control of Rhizopus: Induced decay in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) fruits using heat treatment
Authors: Oladele Oluwole Olakunle
Published: June 2019

Control of Rhizopus, induced decay in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruits using heat treatment was investigated. Watermelon fruits of uniform size and colour were selected, washed with clean water and disinfected after harvest. The fruits were then inoculated with spore suspension containing 3.02 x 10^3 spores mL^-1 of Rhizopus sp. inoculated fruits were immersed separately in a water bath at 50 oC for 2, 3 and 5 min and 53 oC for 2 and 3 min. Control fruits were inoculated but not heat treated. Each set up was in 3 replicates. Control and treated fruits were then stored in cleaned transparent plastic containers at 28 oC + 2 oC and 75%-80% relative humidity and observed daily for disease severity. Result obtained on day 5 of storage showed there was no significance difference (p > 0.05) in the disease severities of control and all the treated fruits. The disease severity of both the control and all treated fruits was 1.00 +/- 0.28 which implied that the fruits were healthy (disease free). However as storage period progressed to day 25, only fruits treated at 53 oC for 3 min maintained disease severity of 1.00 +/- 0.00, which implied that the fruits were still disease free, recording mean appearance and taste index of 3.50 and 2.00, respectively, which thus indicated good appearance and sweet taste of the fruits. Other treatments recorded various degrees of rottenness. Hence, treatment at 53 oC for 3 min could be considered as the most effective for extending the shelf life of water melon fruits among all temperatures and time combinations experimented in the study.
Os tensionamentos no ensino sob o regime do capitalismo acadêmico na nova economia: o caso das universidades comunitárias regionais
Authors: Fioreze Cristina
Published: June 2019

O artigo analisa as perspectivas e valores que orientam o ensino nas universidades, em um contexto de tensionamento mercantil. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é desenvolvida junto às universidades comunitárias regionais do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio de análise documental e entrevistas com doze gestores e pesquisadores. Como resultados, identifica-se um movimento de deslocamento das instituições na direção do chamado capitalismo acadêmico na nova economia. Esta tendência, porém, coexiste com uma postura de resistência no sentido da preservação dos valores da educação superior como bem público.
ANN-SCS-based hybrid model in conjunction with GCM to evaluate the impact of climate change on the flow scenario of the River Subansiri
Authors: Barman Swapnali , Bhattacharjya Rajib Kumar
Published: June 2019

The River Subansiri, one of the largest tributaries of the Brahmaputra, makes a significant contribution towards the discharge at its confluence with the Brahmaputra. This study aims to investigate an appropriate model to predict the future flow scenario of the river Subansiri. Two models have been developed. The first model is an artificial neural network (ANN)-based rainfall-runoff model where rainfall has been considered as the input. The future rainfall of the basin is calculated using a multiple non-linear regression-based statistical downscaling technique. The proposed second model is a hybrid model developed using ANN and the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number (CN) method. In this model, both rainfall and land use/land cover have been incorporated as the inputs. The ANN models were run using time series analysis and the method selected is the non-linear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs. Using Sen's slope values, the future trend of rainfall and runoff over the basin have been analyzed. The results showed that the hybrid model outperformed the simple ANN model. The ANN-SCS-based hybrid model has been run for different land use/land cover scenarios to study the future flow scenario of the River Subansiri.
Desafíos de la integración familia-escuela en un colegio oficial de Bogotá: un análisis desde las representaciones sociales de padres y estudiantes
Authors: Moreno-Acero Iván Darío , Bermúdez-Calderón Milena Asmin , Mendoza-Ocampo Zulay , Urdaneta Doris Andrea
Published: June 2019

En el presente artículo se socializan los resultados de la investigación Análisis de las representaciones sociales sobre el rol de la familia en la escuela que construyen los estudiantes y las familias de cuatro colegios distritales de Bogotá; alcances y limitaciones de la construcción de sentido sobre el lugar de la familia en la escuela (Fase 1), que tuvo como objetivo general analizar la influencia de las representaciones sociales sobre el rol de la familia en la escuela que construyen los estudiantes y las familias, en el desarrollo y promoción del encuentro familiar y escolar. Para ello se utilizó una metodología de orden cualitativo, de carácter descriptivo, aplicando una entrevista grupal semiestructurada a padres de familia y estudiantes de un colegio oficial (IED) de Bogotá. Los actores destacaron la función educadora de la familia y la importancia de su rol en la escuela, afirmando que este debe ser activo y participativo. Sin embargo, los hallazgos sugieren que, la relación familia-escuela se limita a cumplir con las obligaciones escolares: citaciones y reuniones, así como a recibir informes académicos y de convivencia, dejando de lado otros procesos de acompañamiento, por lo que es necesario establecer desde la escuela estrategias efectivas, coherentes a las necesidades y exceptivas del contexto, que incidan positivamente en el fortalecimiento de este vínculo.
Características de los mejores docentes de los profesorados en educación física
Authors: Trueba Sebastián Adolfo
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo analiza las características encontradas en un trabajo exploratorio realizado con el objetivo de hallar a los mejores docentes de los profesorados en Educación Física de la ciudad de Mar del Plata. Esta investigación se inscribe en una línea de investigación recientemente abierta en el Grupo de Investigación en Educación y Estudios Culturales (GIEEC) de la Facultad de Humanidades de la UNMdP y forma parte de la tesis doctoral del autor. Este trabajo comienza con una breve introducción con el fin de contextualizar la investigación, continúa con el desarrollo de la metodología utilizada y el análisis de los datos obtenidos, finalmente, se ofrecen algunas conclusiones provisorias.
Sentidos sobre el uso obligatorio del guardapolvo blanco en escuelas de Catamarca
Authors: Melendez Cecilia Evangelina , Yuni José Alberto , Urbano Claudio Ariel
Published: June 2019

En este trabajo se aborda un debate público a través de una red social en torno a la decisión gubernamental de establecer el uso obligatorio del guardapolvo en las escuelas primarias públicas y de gestión privada en Catamarca (Argentina). En la tradición escolar argentina el guardapolvo blanco es la vestimenta de escuelas públicas, mientras que el guardapolvo de color o el uniforme identifica a la educación privada. Esta decisión gubernamental reavivó profundos conflictos sociales en torno al derecho de elección de las familias y a la función de las políticas estatales de regular los procesos de diferenciación social. Desde una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, se realizó análisis de contenido a un corpus de análisis conformado por discursos publicados en la red social Facebook en los meses posteriores a la sanción de la ley. Se analizan las formaciones discursivas en torno a los fundamentos de su uso y los sentidos socio-educativos que connotan en su discurso los actores escolares. Las intervenciones de los usuarios a favor o en contra de la obligatoriedad del uniforme, ponen en evidencia procesos diferenciales de asignación de sentidos basados en formas de discriminación, etiquetamiento y estereotipos sobre otros colectivos sociales.
Chemotherapy Resistance Molecular Mechanism in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Zhaopei , Li Jun , Gao Binbin , Song Wei
Published: June 2019

The malignancy of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the highest amongst all lung cancer types. It is characterized by rapid growth, early occurrence of distant sites metastasis, poor survival rates and is initially sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, most patients eventually relapse or disease progresses because of chemotherapy resistance. Because of lack of effective second-line therapies, the prognosis of SCLC patients is usually poor. For the development of novel therapies, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in SCLC. The mechanism is complex, because multiple factors could lead to chemotherapy resistance. An overview of multiple events triggering the formation of chemotherapy resistance phenotypes of SCLC cells is discussed.
Systematic Development of Sertraline Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) by Emulsification-Ultrasonication Method and Pharmacokinetic Study in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Rahman Mohammad A. , Harwansh Ranjit K. , Iqbal Zeenat
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To circumvent the aforementioned problems and for the successful
delivery of those newly discovered poorly soluble compounds, researchers have focused on
the feasibility of biocompatible lipids such as Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as carrier
system.

Background:

Sertraline (SRT) is commercially available as hydrochloride salt. Poor
bioavailability (around 44%) of hydrochloride salt is considered to be conversion of salts to
free base in the gastrointestinal tract which retard it’s absorption.

Methods:

Different batches of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared and on the
basis of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), encapsulation efficiency
(EE), and drug loading capacity (L) an optimum system was designed.

Results:

The optimized formulation contains; 5% (w/v) Compritol® E ATO as lipids, 2.5%
(w/v) Tween® 80 as surfactant and 0.1% (w/v) SRT as actives. The formulation was
freeze-dried using mannitol as a cryoprotectant to control the aggregation of particles during
redispersion process. SLN with <110 nm size, <0.2 PDI, >36 mV ZP, >72% EE, and
nearly 0.7% L can be formed at appropriate formulation process conditions; homogenization
time (HT) and sonication time (ST) at 5 min and 10 min, respectively. XRD studies
indicated the presence of amorphous form of drug that is completely encapsulated within
the nanoparticulate matrix system. The optimized SLN formulation have shown the highest
value of zeta potential (-36.5 mV) confers stability of nanodispersion. Release of drug encapsulated
in SLN showed a biphasic pattern and was extended upto 12 hours. The maximum
plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) in case of sertraline
loaded SLN were found 10-fold and 6-fold higher, respectively compared to pure drug.

Conclusion:

The result depicted enhanced extent of absorption of sertraline from SLN
compared to plain sertraline. Furthermore, sertraline-loaded SLN were found to be stable at
4°C for 6 months of study period. Hence, the SLN can be used as a potential carrier for
successful delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs associated with poor oral bioavailability
like sertraline.
Electrocoagulación y electroflotación para reducir contenido orgánico y turbidez en aguas residuales urbanas simuladas
Authors: Villon Angel , Reátegui Warren
Published: June 2019

La electrocoagulación es un método de tratamiento de aguas residuales que implica la generación de iones con alto número de oxidación como el Fe+3 y el Al+3, como  agentes coagulantes, mediante las oxidación de ánodos del mismo material, los cuales han sido reconocidos por la bibliografía [1,2], como un método eficiente para retirar material coloidal de origen orgánico, estas especies debido a su alta carga eléctrica y tamaño iónico, desestabilizan a los coloides (carga negativa), que es la forma que se encuentra la carga orgánica en las aguas residuales, reuniéndolas formando coágulos, los cuales son retirados usualmente por sedimentación (decantación), pero para ello habría que formar flóculos. La propuesta de la investigación es flotarlos; para ello se utilizó la producción de oxígeno e hidrógeno formados en el ánodo y cátodo respectivamente, y es por este motivo que se llama electroflotación, para hacer más eficiente este procedimiento (electroflotación), se usa un par de electrodos auxiliares, que su única función es producir estos gases, de esta manera se retira los coágulos formados por la parte superior del sistema. La carga orgánica simulada proviene de la reducción del tamaño de especies como proteínas/carne, almidones/cereales, celulosa/verduras, grasas/aceites de origen vegetal y animal. El estudio logró reducir de 1200-1300 NTU de turbidez a valores por debajo de 16 NTU y de valores de 3,400 mg/L de DQO a valores por debajo de 500 mg/L de DQO.

Palabras clave: Electrocoagulación, electroflotación, DQO, aguas residuales
Modelamiento de los arrollamientos para determinación de las tensiones transitorias transferidas en un transformador de potencia
Authors: Ramos Carrión Jorge , Arroyo Villanueva Eduardo
Published: June 2019

El presente artículo expone el desarrollo de la investigación sobre el modelamiento de los arrollamientos de un transformador de potencia para determinar y analizar las tensiones transitorias transferidas al arrollamiento secundario cuando se aplica una tensión tipo impulso atmosférico al arrollamiento primario. Se modela cada arrollamiento considerando su forma geométrica y constructiva por medio de parámetros eléctricos concentrados - Resistencia, Conductancia Dieléctrica, Capacitancias Serie, Capacitancia a Tierra, Inductancia Propia e Inductancia Mutua – calculados con formulaciones convencionales, los que se incorporan a un modelo integral de los arrollamientos que explica su comportamiento frente a sobretensiones. El análisis se realiza con el apoyo de un software de transitorios rápidos en el dominio del tiempo, lográndose demostrar la utilidad del modelo ya que se pueden calcular, al interior de los arrollamientos, las tensiones transitorias propagadas y transferidas, permitiendo el estudio de los esfuerzos dieléctricos en los aislamientos de los arrollamientos para mejorar su dosificación y geometría en el proceso de diseño del transformador de potencia.
Evaluación del impacto económico de la aplicación de estrategias para el desarrollo en el área rural
Authors: Quispe Renán
Published: June 2019

Con un contexto macroeconómico favorecido por un crecimiento del PBI del 5%, crecimiento de la inversión y exportaciones, se ha podido apreciar que la mejora en el acceso a la educación, el crecimiento en la infraestructura vial con mayor intensidad a partir del 2010, la acción de los actores sociales del estado resultaron en una elevación del ingreso y gasto real per cápita de los hogares, dando como consecuencia final la reducción de la pobreza en el área rural.

El Producto bruto agropecuario como un indicador de la actividad económica en el área rural ha tenido un comportamiento creciente sustentado en la mayor superficie cosechada, el aumento de la oferta laboral agropecuaria y en menor grado, la importación de bienes de capital. La medición del impacto en forma transversal se ha realizado a partir de la evaluación del programa Juntos para los años 2012 – 2013 a partir de una muestra panel, llegándose a la conclusión que el programa ha mejorado el nivel vida de la población rural siendo impulsada por la educación.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and treatment of cystoid macular edema
Authors: Bilen Babić Marijana , Grubešić Petra , Valković Antić Ivana , Gržetić-Lenac Renata , Merlak Maja
Published: June 2019

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become a significant therapeutic adjunctive tool in the routine and complicated intraocular surgery. Topical NSAIDs prevent intraoperative miosis, reduce pain, postoperative inflammation and incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME). Although there is no established protocol for prophylaxis of pseudophakic CME, due to the relationship between proinflammatory prostaglandins and CME, using corticosteroids and NSAIDs could prevent CME. NSAIDs have a synergistic antiinflammatory effect with steroids, but can also be used alone when corticosteroid therapy could be harmful. Prospective clinical trials need to define treatment protocol for topical NSAIDs use, due to their powerful influence to prevent perioperative complications.
A Mobile App for Longterm Monitoring of Narcolepsy Symptoms: Design, Development, and Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Quaedackers Laury , De Wit Jan , Pillen Sigrid , Van Gilst Merel , Batalas Nikolaos , Lammers Gert Jan , Markopoulos Panos , Overeem Sebastiaan
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder with a broad variety of symptoms. Although narcolepsy is primarily characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy (loss of muscle control triggered by emotions), patients may suffer from hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and fragmented night sleep. However, the spectrum of narcolepsy also includes symptoms not related to sleep, such as cognitive or psychiatric problems. Symptoms vary greatly among patients and day-to-day variance can be considerable. Available narcolepsy questionnaires do not cover the whole symptom spectrum and may not capture symptom variability. Therefore, there is a clinical need for tools to monitor narcolepsy symptoms over time to evaluate their burden and the effect of treatment.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to describe the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the Narcolepsy Monitor, a companion app for long-term symptom monitoring in narcolepsy patients.

METHODS

After several iterations during which content, interaction design, data management, and security were critically evaluated, a complete version of the app was built. The Narcolepsy Monitor allows patients to report a broad spectrum of experienced symptoms and rate their severity based on the level of burden that each symptom imposes. The app emphasizes the reporting of changes in relative severity of the symptoms. A total of 7 patients with narcolepsy were recruited and asked to use the app for 30 days. Evaluation was done by using in-depth interviews and user experience questionnaire.

RESULTS

We designed and developed a final version of the Narcolepsy Monitor after which user evaluation took place. Patients used the app on an average of 45.3 (SD 19.2) days. The app was opened on 35% of those days. Daytime sleepiness was the most dynamic symptom, with a mean number of changes of 5.5 (SD 3.7) per month, in contrast to feelings of anxiety or panic, which was only moved 0.3 (SD 0.7) times per month. Mean symptom scores were highest for daytime sleepiness (1.8 [SD 1.0]), followed by lack of energy (1.6 [SD 1.4]) and often awake at night (1.5 [SD 1.0]). The personal in-depth interviews revealed 3 major themes: (1) reasons to use, (2) usability, and (3) features. Overall, patients appreciated the concept of ranking symptoms on subjective burden and found the app easy to use.

CONCLUSIONS

The Narcolepsy Monitor appears to be a helpful tool to gain more insight into the individual burden of narcolepsy symptoms over time and may serve as a patient-reported outcome measure for this debilitating disorder.
La Ciudad neorrealista. Territorio, iconografía y mapas de la Roma de Ladrones de Bicicletas
Authors: Colella Federico
Published: June 2019

La ciudad neorrealista corresponde a la visión propuesta por algunos directores italianos que entre los
años 40 y 60 exploraron el espacio urbano en trasformación de Roma. En el presente trabajo se toma
como objeto de estudio Ladrones de bicicletas, película de Vittorio De Sica de 1948. El análisis cartográfico
de los escenarios escogidos por el director permite desarrollar un nuevo mapa e iconografía de la capital
italiana que tiene como punto de partida la exploración de territorios periféricos -nunca mostrados en la
gran pantalla hasta aquel momento, lo cual anticipó la representación de fenómenos y paisajes típicos de
la metrópolis contemporánea.
William B. Taylor, Theatre of a Thousand Wonders. A History of Miraculous Images and Shrines in New Spain, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Authors: Mayer Alicia
Published: June 2019

Reseña sobre William B. Taylor, Theatre of a Thousand Wonders. A History of Miraculous Images and Shrines in New Spain, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016.