bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 19th Siam Physics Congress (Physics Beyond Boundaries: Interdisciplinary insights for a changing world; SPC2024)
Authors: Pecharapa Wisanu , Sakulkalavek Aparporn , Boonyawan Dheerawan , Aukkaravittayapun Suparerk , Soonthornthum Boonrucksar
Published: January 2025

The 19th Siam Physics Congress (SPC2024) was successfully held during 5–7 June 2024, co-hosted by the Thai Physics Society, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University, and Nuclear Society of Thailand. To motivate collaborative academic environment, the congress was organized to be an on-site meeting at the Krungsri river hotel, Ayutthaya in Thailand. Moreover, the organizers and hosts of the 19th Siam Physics Congress 2024 are duly honored to receive gracious support from Her Royal Highness (H.R.H.) Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, who will preside over the opening ceremony on June 6, 2024.

This year, the Siam Physics Congress, under the theme “Physics Beyond Boundaries: Interdisciplinary Insights for a Changing World.” This reflects the spirit of our era, which necessitates cross-disciplinary collaboration, not merely as an option but as a necessity to respond to the diverse challenges of our rapidly developing world. Physics, the fundamental foundation of all scientific disciplines, also has the ability to transcend the limits of traditional physics and work seamlessly with other disciplines, enhancing knowledge and discoveries that propel humanity forward. Research abstracts were submitted for both oral and poster presentations around 263 abstracts. There were 2 plenary speakers, 26 invited speakers, 118 accepted oral presentations, and 117 accepted poster presentations contributing to all 10 tracks(topics). The scientific program was announced on the SPC2024 website (https:// http://spc2024con.science.kmitl.ac.th/index.php) and also distributed via email to all participants.

List of Topics, Plenary Speaker, Organizing Institutions, Honorary Advisory Committees, Advisory Committees, Organizing Committees, Academic Committees, Ceremony Committees, Finance Committees, Registration Committees, Venue and Transportation Committees, Sponsorship and Fundraising Committees, Public Relations Committees, Audio Visual Aid Committees, Assessment Committees and Sponsors are available in this pdf.
First-Principles Study of Amorphous Hafnium Dodecaboride
Authors: Jampaiboon Natthapong , Atthapak Chayanon , Bovornratanaraks Thiti , Ektarawong Annop
Published: January 2025

We explore using density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations some intrinsic properties of amorphous hafnium dodecaboride (a-HfB12) and compare them to those of its crystalline counterpart (c-HfB12). Our predictions show, despite the disappearance of atomic long-range order, a-HfB12 retains some short-range atomic arrangements of c-HfB12. This results in a wider range of atomic coordination numbers and a dispersed distribution of bond angles for a-HfB12. We further find c-HfB12 possess superior stability and resistance to bulk compression over a-HfB12 as implied, respectively, by the higher internal energy and lower value of bulk modulus of a-HfB12. Both a-HfB12 and c-HfB12 are predicted to be metallic, but due to its disordered atomic arrangements a-HfB12 displays a broadened electronic density of states, together with a relatively increased contribution from the 5d orbitals of Hf atoms to its electronic spectra. These comprehensive comparisons between c-HfB12 and a-HfB12 evidently suggest the distinct differences in their structural, mechanical, and electronic properties, and thus provide crucial insights into their potential for use in relevant applications, in particular thin film hard coatings.
Linearly Interacting Barrow Holographic Dark Energy in Modified Cosmology
Authors: Chunlen Suphakorn , Dakam Kraiwut
Published: January 2025

We study the Barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE) model using the apparent horizon as the infrared (IR) cut-off and ensuring thermodynamic consistency. However, the results show that the BHDE model without any interaction does not yield the accelerated expansion of the universe. Including a linear interaction solves the acceleration and dark energy equation of state parameter problems.
The Simulation of Direct Phase Addition for 3D optical tweezers
Authors: Chatchaichompu P , Sungthong S , Thaicharoen N , Chattrapiban N
Published: January 2025

One of the essential requirements for atom-based technology is controlling the position and characterizing interactions between atoms and their environment. Optical tweezers are crucial for positioning atoms precisely. Typically, quantum technology research utilizes two-dimensional optical tweezers planar arrays, which are limited in manipulating atoms at different depths of field. To address this issue, three-dimensional optical tweezers can be simulated using a modulated phase mask of a Gaussian laser beam. The phase mask is computed using the direct phase addition (DPA) method with a weight factor, and the angular spectrum method (ASM) is employed to propagate a 2D intensity pattern transversely through the beam, layer by layer. Our results showed that the position of each trap can be adjusted to desire positions in 3D with a global weight factor. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that increasing resolution improves measurement precision. Utilizing 3D atom arrays enhances quantum simulation capabilities, providing better insights into complex phenomena. The results of this investigation will be applied to a spatial light modulator in a real setup for an ultra-cold atom trapping experiment.
Number Count Characteristics of Cold Atoms in a Magnetic Trap for Temperature Estimation
Authors: Insang P , Kaewart N , Thaicharoen N , Chattrapiban N
Published: January 2025

Temperature estimation of cold atoms in sub-Doppler to Doppler temperatures is crucial for determining various aspects such as diffusion, compressibility, trap stability, phase transition, and many-body collision dynamics. In this temperature regime, cold atoms are typically confined in a magnetic trap for further investigation. In some cases, temperature estimation from a typical time-of-flight method is not applicable due to the long switch-off time of the magnetic trap. In this work, we employ a non-invasive number counting method without having to turn off the magnetic field to estimate the temperature. We explore various number count conditions for a temperature range between 20 µK to 100 µK in such a way that the trace of number counts can be used as a reference to estimate the temperature of cold atoms in a magnetic trap.
Manipulating Polarization via Optical Fiber Twisting for Optical Switch Applications
Authors: Kamoldilok Surachart , Kadtajan Jiratchayar , Kanajirayupat Athiwat , Srinuanjan Keerayoot
Published: January 2025

This research presents a method for controlling the polarization state of light in an optical fiber communication system. By twisting the optical fiber with three-paddle set polarization controllers where the birefringence occurs and polarization changes. Twisting the paddle in various conditions could be manipulated in the desired polarization state. The light is then launched into a Michaelson interferometer system, which includes a polarizing cube beamsplitter, where the output polarized state can be controlled and applied as an optical switch for an optical communication system.
Synthesis and analysis of Au:Pd nanoparticles by substrate removable technique for enhanced catalytic applications on ZnO gas sensor
Authors: Chansuriya S , Hongsith N
Published: January 2025

This study presents a methodology for synthesizing and analyzing Au:Pd nanoparticles, using the substrate removable technique, with a focus on their potential for catalytic gas sensing applications. The process begins with the deposition of NaCl onto a glass substrate via the evaporation technique. Subsequently, Au:Pd are sputtered onto the NaCl-coated substrate, with adjustments made to sputtering parameters such as time and current to finely tune composition and thickness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to analyze the crystal structure of the resulting films. The optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles are examined by analyzing the absorption spectra across a range of wavelengths from 200 to 900 nm. The Au:Pd nanoparticles are subsequently extracted from the substrate through dissolution using deionization of water. In addition, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques are used to evaluate the distribution of particle sizes and the stability of colloidal systems. Analyzing the zeta potential of the nanoparticle solutions yields key insights into their surface charge. Demonstrating the catalytic potential of the Au:Pd nanoparticles, they are applied to a ZnO gas sensor, effectively detecting gas vapor. Remarkably, the sensor’s sensitivity is enhanced and reveals efficacy across various gas concentrations. This novel approach holds great potential for the advancement of catalytic applications.
Investigating air pollution in Northern Thailand using wavelet analysis
Authors: Suwanarat Suksan , Anusasananan Panatcha , Thangprasert Nipon
Published: January 2025

Air pollution is a prominent issue in numerous regions worldwide, including Thailand, as it contributes to a range of health issues and early mortality. The northern provinces, such as Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai, face significant environmental problems with air pollution, especially during specific periods like the dry season. The region suffers from high levels of pollution, caused mainly by several sources such as agricultural burning, forest fires, car emissions, industrial operations, and urban expansion. In this research, we will study the air pollution in these regions from January 2019 to October 2023 using statistics, wavelet analysis, and maps to compare the air pollution between several provinces. The pollutants examined in this study consist of PM2.5, PM10, O3, CO, and NO2, for which the Department of Pollution Control is accountable for gathering data, reporting, and establishing air quality guidelines for these pollutants. The monthly data and the wavelet analysis revealed a natural cycle of pollutants. Their lowest levels occur during the rainy season, followed by a gradual increase during the colder months, reaching their highest point in the summertime, particularly from March to mid-May. The concurrent surges in the levels of all four toxins pose a growing challenge in terms of monitoring and mitigating their detrimental impacts. However, an examination of the data on an hourly basis reveals that pollutants display a consistent daily pattern, with more noticeable observations for O3 and NO2. A comparative analysis of five distinct categories of pollutants across several northern provinces during the same period revealed that Phayao province has the lowest pollution levels and Chiang Mai province has the highest. Addressing these pollutants is essential for protecting human health and ensuring environmental sustainability since air pollution is an inevitable annual occurrence that affects everyone.
Head-related transfer function for the measurements of otoacoustic emissions evoked by localized sound sources
Authors: Prawanta Ekkanat , Park Munhum , Roongthumskul Yuttana
Published: January 2025

Not one but two ears enable us to identify the location of a sound source by comparing the amplitudes and phases of acoustic signals. In this study, we explore the response of the inner ears to localized sounds by measuring otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) which refers to sounds produced by the inner ear in response to external sounds, thus governed by the activities of the acoustic receptors. OAEs were recorded simultaneously from both ears by fitting a small microphone-speaker probe into each ear canal. The binaural sounds used to evoke OAEs were designed to correspond to a localized sound source by using Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) measured from a head-and-torso simulator. OAEs were elicited by bursts of pure tones originating from two virtual sound sources, one in front of the participants, and the other to their left ears. Our results demonstrated that, for tone bursts at 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, and 2.0 kHz, the intensity and time differences of bilateral OAEs were enhanced by 3.57 dB – 6.70 dB when the virtual sound moved from 0 to 90 degrees. This was consistent with the amplitude and time differences of the stimuli. For tone bursts at 4.0 kHz, however, the average OAE amplitude difference was 20.11 dB, exceeding that of the stimuli at 7.78 dB. Our results demonstrate that bilateral OAEs directly reflect the amplitude and phase differences of the incoming signals and that the developed technique could be used for the investigations of OAEs during sound localization.
Analytical perturbation of Schwarzschild AdS black hole quasinormal modes
Authors: Musiri Suphot
Published: January 2025

Quasinormal modes of Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter black holes with scalar, gravitational, and electromagnetic perturbations are studied. A perturbation method is employed to obtain the solutions, which are hypergeometric functions, and their corresponding quasinormal frequencies are analytically calculated. The results of the frequencies are pure imaginary numbers, which are analyzed and compared to those from various numerical works.
Research and analysis of mechanical characteristics of three-phase asynchronous motor
Authors: Chen Yaguang
Published: January 2025

Three-phase asynchronous motor is widely used in all walks of life. It is of great significance to study the mechanical characteristics of the motor for the correct selection and use of a motor. The expressions of the mechanical characteristics of a three-phase asynchronous motor include parameter expression, practical expression, and linear expression. Through the simulation analysis of different expressions of mechanical characteristics, the practical expression is usually used to calculate the three-phase asynchronous motor in practical application, which can avoid the tedious calculation of parameter expression. The parameter expression is more suitable for qualitative analysis. The linear expression is suitable for the linear segment of the motor mechanical characteristic.
Application of fuzzy control in V2G technology
Authors: Li Keyao , Shen Kunpeng , Yang Wei
Published: January 2025

An idea of a V2G charging and discharge control strategy based on fuzzy control technology was proposed. First of all, the target value of the load and power status set by the charging station can calculate all the electric vehicles in the charging station for the total energy of V2G; then, the V2G blur controller detects the node voltage of the current power network, and receives the total energy obtained by the power calculation unit. As a result, as an input, a fuzzy control strategy is used to calculate the charging station to achieve the power control volume of electric vehicles used to achieve V2G, choose the appropriate fuzzy method and establish an appropriate rule library to reasonably control the amount of power output. As the control volume of the V2G inverter, it effectively controld the two-way power flow between electric vehicles and grid. In the end, this power control volume is used as the input of the V2G electrical energy transformation unit, and the two-way energy flow between the electric vehicle and the grid. Four simulation cases are set up for electric vehicle discharge and charging processes, and Matlab/Simulink is used to perform simulation analysis of the control strategy. The simulation results show that through the fuzzy logic, it can effectively control the charging and discharge power of electric vehicles in different load periods, realize peak-cutting valley smooth grid load curves, improve the efficiency of the grid, and verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the control strategy.
Research on cross-building energy storage management system based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Xin Ming , Wang Yanli , Zhang Ruizhi , Zhang Jibin , Liu Xinan
Published: January 2025

This study considers a cross-building energy storage system in which the objective function of each step is a piecewise linear function of decision variables and state variables. Therefore, the objective function can be modeled as piecewise linear programming and then transformed into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. However, as a multi-stage stochastic programming problem in which we utilize approximate dynamic programming (ADP) to tackle the computational issues, we need to solve the objective function multiple times. To further decrease computational cost, we propose several approximate algorithms to determine variable splitting, which degrades the problem to a linear programming problem. We use approximate techniques to solve the problem and design experiments to verify our conclusion. Numerical experiments show that our algorithm greatly reduces the time needed to solve the problem under the condition of minimal loss of accuracy. The simulation experiment in a Python environment further proves that the cross-building energy storage management system based on energy routers and control centers is better than the energy system of each building working alone to maximize the benefits.
Construction and implementation of an emotional care robot based on physiological signal and space-time information
Authors: Zhang Jun , Lu Fei
Published: January 2025

With the aging of Chinese society and the intensification of empty nest degrees, focusing on the robot’s care of human emotions to help people alleviate negative emotions, “IQ, EQ” products will be widely concerned. Through smart bracelets, this project collects physiological signals such as GSR, heart rate, and R-R intervals of users under different states. It combines spatial and temporal information to build an ontology-based multi-domain knowledge model of intelligent home space. Based on the autonomous cognition, personalized selection, and BP neural network dynamic and flexible semantic reasoning of robot service tasks associated with emotion-time-space information, the service robot will provide appropriate, warm, and intimate daily services for users according to their emotional states and establish a system of autonomous learning, mental development, active cognition and skill development of service robots.
Research on control strategy of industrial and commercial power convert system based on improved modulation algorithm
Authors: Lin Xin , Cao Yang , Xiong Chaohu , Liu Wenkui , Li Xiao , Peng Yongbin , Han Songtao , Jiang Xiaoxu , Guan Xin
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the challenges of power fluctuations due to the integration of renewable energy sources by proposing a novel control strategy for commercial energy storage systems. Specifically, it introduces a commercial power convert system model that utilizes the sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) algorithm combined with zero-sequence voltage injection. The paper details the method for implementing this zero-sequence voltage modulation algorithm and integrates a control strategy for grid connection and disconnection. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is evaluated through simulation and experimental comparisons with industrial and commercial power convert systems. Results demonstrate that the improved modulation algorithms and control strategies are both correct and effective in managing power fluctuations and ensuring stable grid operation.
Open-circuit fault diagnosis of AC port of energy router based on wavelet packet decomposition and gradient boosting decision trees
Authors: Zhou Qi , Zhang Chenyu , Liu Ruihuang
Published: January 2025

The energy routers have become the key devices in smart grids. The open-circuit (OC) fault diagnosis is one of the common faults for the AC port of the energy router. In this paper, an OC fault diagnosis of the AC port of an energy router, i.e., a 3-level NPC inverter, based on wavelet packet decomposition and gradient boosting decision trees is proposed. The wavelet packet decomposition is used to extract the fault features from the sampled 3-phase current waveforms. Then, the fault classification model based on gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) is built to diagnose the fault localization of power switch devices. Simulation results show that the original current signal can be decomposed into low and high-frequency components effectively. The trained GBDT model can effectively diagnose OC faults in different fault localizations of the AC port of the energy router.
A Study on dynamic allocation of terminal equipment resources in distributed distribution networks under high concurrency scenarios
Authors: Wu Zhengrong , Li Hua , Yin Furong , Yang Chen , Yang Yuxuan
Published: January 2025

In high concurrency scenarios, reasonable allocation of limited resources is the key to ensuring the operational performance of distribution networks. Therefore, a study on the dynamic allocation of terminal device resources in distributed distribution networks under high concurrency scenarios is proposed. This study focuses on “high concurrency resource allocation”, first clarifying the research boundaries and assumptions, and constructing a distribution network terminal equipment resource allocation model to maximize comprehensive net benefits. When allocating resources, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was applied and integrated with deep reinforcement learning to construct a hybrid model. The optimization dimension of the particle swarm algorithm was set to be consistent with the concurrent quantity. Deep reinforcement learning was used to dynamically adjust the parameters of the particle swarm algorithm to determine the final allocation plan. The test results showed that the response delay of the terminal nodes was stable within 0.5 seconds and the comprehensive net benefit was significantly higher than that of the control group.
Research on the power and energy balance scheduling problem in new-type power systems
Authors: Wang Yubo , Zhou Lu , Guo Zhichen
Published: January 2025

With the introduction of the concept of new-type power systems, both domestic and international research has increasingly focused on new energy sources. To effectively address the uncertainty in the output of new energy sources and ensure the stable operation of new-type power systems, the distribution network is transitioning from a unidirectional flow to a bidirectional interactive mode, characterized by diversified load types. As a distributed generation, controllable loads and energy storage devices are integrated, and the grid is evolving towards active distribution, requiring flexible regulation to cope with the random fluctuations of clean energy and ensure system stability. This study aims to develop an optimized scheduling model that comprehensively optimizes the “source-load-storage” resources of the active distribution network, to improve scheduling efficiency, energy benefits, and the integration of clean energy. The model provides a detailed analysis of the network architecture, core technologies, and resource characteristics, and designs a two-stage coordinated scheduling scheme for “source-load-storage”, taking into account dynamic response and costs. An optimization model is established to ensure reliability and economic efficiency, fully covering the constraints of actual operations. To verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model and algorithm, the classical IEEE-33 node system was selected as a case study for simulation analysis. Comparative analysis shows that, compared to strategies considering only the “source-load” or “source-storage” synergy, the control strategy that comprehensively coordinates the “source-load-storage” response can more thoroughly exploit and utilize distribution network resources, leading to superior optimization results.
Research on leak detection in pipeline systems based on acoustic emission technology
Authors: Li Wenhan , Huang Ke , Mo Chaoquan
Published: January 2025

Current research often involves only a single type of leakage, with few studies comparing multiple leakage types in pipeline systems. To address this issue, a fundamental pipeline system experimental platform was established. By altering experimental conditions (such as AE sensor position, leakage rate, etc.), multi-type leakages in pipelines, valves, and flanges were simulated. Utilizing acoustic emission (AE) technology and parameter analysis methods, the relationships among AE signal values, including ASL (Average Signal Level), RMS (Root Mean Square Voltage), and amplitude, were explored. Based on this, the characteristics of different leakage types were analyzed and compared. Finally, the impact of different materials on the acoustic emission signals of valve leakage was studied.
Design and experiments of a humanoid torso based on biological features
Authors: Gao Wenshuo , Tian Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

Among the components of a humanoid robot, a humanoid torso plays a vital role in supporting a humanoid robot to complete the desired motions. In this paper, a new LARMbot torso is developed to obtain better working performance based on biological features. By analyzing the anatomy of a human torso and spine, a parallel cable-driven mechanism is proposed to actuate the whole structure using two servo motors and two pulleys. Analysis is conducted to evaluate the properties of the proposed parallel cable-driven mechanism. A closed-loop control system is applied to control the whole LARMbot torso. Experiments are performed using the manufactured prototype in three modes to evaluate the characterizations of the proposed design. Results show that the proposed LARMbot can complete the desired motions properly, including two general human-like motions and a full rotation motion. When completing two general human-like motions, the maximum bending angle is 40 degrees. The maximum cable tension is 0.68 N, and the maximum required power is 18.3 W. In full rotation motion, the maximum bending angle is 30 degrees. The maximum cable tension is 0.75 N, and the maximum power required is 20.5 W. The proposed design is simplified and lightweight, with low energy consumption and flexible spatial motion performance that can meet the requirements of the humanoid robot torso’s application in complex scenarios and commercial requirements.
A Critic of Our Time (1959)
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

As is more than evident from the extensive introduction to his works, which Wollheim wrote (see ‘The Image in Form’, Chapter 10 in this volume), Adrian Stokes (1902–1972) wholeheartedly adopted the psychoanalytic method—influenced by the pioneering theories of Melanie Klein (1882–1960), who was also his therapist—in order to probe the origins of artistic activity. Here the more narrow focus is Greek Culture and the Ego, which Stokes published in 1958. Wollheim’s lucid explanation of Klein’s theory helps understand Stokes’s parallel between the phases of making art and the infant’s complex apprehension or construction of a world of objects. The practice of art is akin to the infant’s emotional reconciliation with primordial destructive impulses. Ancient Greek statuary and Greek culture altogether, the book contends and Wollheim brilliantly explains, mirror the steps of the infant’s successional phases.
Danto’s Gallery of Indiscernibles (1993)
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

Arthur Danto (1924–2013) famously founded his wide-ranging and paradigm-busting theory of art substantially on the conclusions drawn from thought-experiments. They involved various pairs of apparently indiscernible objects which differ either in artistic meaning, or in that one is a work of art and the other is not. Wollheim—in a contribution to a volume of essays about Danto—is not unimpressed with Danto generally but he is not impressed with this move. The thought-experiments have a fault they often have in philosophy, namely that of extrapolating from a few cases considered in abstract to the general case. The use of indiscernibility connects with the question of whether perception can be cognitively penetrated. Danto—naming support from Jerry Fodor (1935–2017) and others in philosophy of mind—thinks that it cannot be. Wollheim points out that the relevant issue is not whether basic perception is cognitively penetrable, but whether one’s experience of a work of art can be affected by beliefs. Wollheim, needless to say, thinks that it can be.
Art, Interpretation, and the Creative Process (1984)
Authors: Wollheim Richard
Published: January 2025

Experts on Wollheim will recognize not only that the argument echoes the slightly earlier ‘Criticism as Retrieval’. The target is what he calls the ‘popular thesis’ of criticism as scrutiny, which has its recognizable precursor in (a certain reading of) Kant but with distinctive modern manifestations in the ‘New Theory’ of literary criticism—especially as intended for art generally as in Wimsatt and Beardsley—and in certain variants of formalism or modernism such as those of Roger Fry or Clement Greenberg. The thesis is simple: that the artistic meaning of a work of art is confined to what is available to perception of the work alone—to the perception of one who approaches the work with a ‘beginner’s mind’, free of preconceptions or knowledge. The problem is that of the ‘cognitive stock’: the spectator’s cognitive resources cannot be null, but how substantial must they be? Wollheim argues that there is no non-arbitrary place to draw the line. Scrutiny must give way to ‘retrieval’, which grants that artistic meaning must be experiential, but the experience may presuppose non-trivial knowledge of history, conventions, style, genre, the artist, and the artist’s work.
Mysterious Ways
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D
Published: January 2025

Earth surface systems (geomorphic, soil, and hydrological systems and ecosystems) and landscapes evolve via selection, including their abiotic components as well as their biological elements. As they evolve, there are often trends toward increasing “fitness” in terms of efficiencies of energy use and mass flux, stability, and persistence. But no laws govern these trends, and Earth surface systems lack goals or intentionality—these are the (apparently) mysterious ways that this book seeks to explain. This chapter provides an overview of these ideas and a review of key concepts of landscapes, evolution, coevolution, selection, and the everything-is-connected-to-everything-else nature of Earth systems. An integrated approach to landscape evolution is presented based on the TREE theory: transformative, recursive, emergent evolution. Examples of TREE in varying environments and over varying timescales are presented for Egypt’s White Desert, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia, and the Neches River in southeast Texas.
Epilogue
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D
Published: January 2025

Here the ideas of the book and the (not so) mysterious ways of nature are linked to the stories we tell of how the world came to be, how it changes, and our place in it.
Tipping points and resilience
Authors: Ali Saleem H.
Published: January 2025

This chapter elaborates on the tipping point theory and the resilience of sustainability. It explains that Antarctica remains at the heart of global environmental change research due to the accelerating ice loss. Recent research analyzing 30 types of natural phenomena encompassing physical climate and ecological systems indicated that crossing tipping points in one system can increase the risk of crossing tipping points in other systems. The chapter then looks into controlling chaos in irreversible adaptive systems. It also provides an overview of the interplay of smart infrastructure and sustainability, highlighting how cities are a microcosm for developing a sustainable society.
Psycholinguistics
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda
Published: January 2025

Psycholinguistics: A Very Short Introduction discusses psycholinguistics as an accessible and engaging description of how people use language. Psycholinguistics refers to the study of how humans process language and how they store and retrieve linguistic information. On the surface, talking and understanding language seemed simple and straightforward. However, according to research in psycholinguistics, complex computations occur behind the scenes when people communicate with other people. This Very Short Introduction also provides an overview of recent debates revolving around how AI tools, such as ChatGPT, underscore some of the core questions about the language faculty and how humans comprehend, produce, and learn language.
Reading
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda
Published: January 2025

This chapter explains the notion of reading which allows the comprehender to obtain linguistic messages from what are otherwise meaningless visual symbols. It details the centrality of words when reading as they are the fundamental units of language processing. Reading goals differ depending on the characteristics of the text and the reader’s familiarity with the material, so a reading strategy should be optimized for those goals. The chapter also discusses the extent of speedreading, clarifying that it is not effective if the reader’s goal is comprehension. It considers whether reading processes are universal or differ depending on the writing system a language uses.
Decentring foreign peace mediation in the case of Cameroon’s Anglophone Crisis
Authors: Cho Jacqui
Published: January 2025

The article decentres foreign peace mediation endeavours around the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon by foregrounding the domestic political environment into which such a mediation initiative is thrust. Recognizing mediation as but one site of political contestation, the article moves beyond the reductionist binary of either making or not making peace in the meanings of peace processes. Drawing on over 60 interviews, including those with Cameroonian ruling party members, opposition politicians, and individuals involved in the armed separatist movement and civil society activists, the article asks what the Swiss facilitation attempt between 2019 and 2022 meant for these different domestic actors and what this in turn meant for the peace process. It pays particular attention to how the mediation attempt interacted with the fragmentation of the Cameroonian state, a frequent feature of highly personalized authoritarian regimes, and how this manifested in the creation of competing processes under the banner of ‘peace’. The case has important implications for the scholarship on state behaviour vis-à-vis mediation, particularly in authoritarian settings, as well as debates around spoilers and devious objectives in the peace mediation literature.
BHSeP8 Single unit experience of using OviTex reinforced tissue matrix in open and laparoscopic abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR)
Authors: Wilson Paul , Nour Hussameldin Mohamed , Sajjanshetty Malli
Published: January 2025

From October 2020–June 2024 61 patients underwent ventral hernia repair in our unit using OviTex reinforced tissue matrix (42 open AWR, 19 laparoscopic). In open AWR patients there was a high proportion—37/42 (88%) with grade 2 (co-morbid) modified Ventral Hernia Working Group (mVHWG) (24/42) and grade 3 (contaminated) mVHWG (13/42). Of the grade 3 open AWR patients there were 2 fistulas, 5 stomas, 4 with infected skin, 2 infected meshes, and 4 bowel resections/anastomoses. In open AWR patients median BMI was 30.1, median defect area was 128 cm2, 39/42 patients had midline defects, 4 of which also had parastomal hernial defects. All open AWR procedures used the retro-muscular plane for mesh placement. Component separation was carried out in 27 (64%) patients (Transversus Abdominis Release 27, Anterior Component Separation 1).

The median OviTex ‘mesh’ size used was 25x30cm 1S (range 10 × 15cm–25 × 60cm). There were 5 adverse events: 1 death at 7 days (open AWR grade 3 mVHWG); 2 seromas requiring radiological drainage (both grade 3 mVHWG); 2 Surgical Site Infections (SSI): 1 wound abscess requiring surgical drainage (grade 3 mVHWG), and 1 infected seroma—which drained spontaneously (grade 2 mVHWG). There were no mesh explantations. Median follow up was 18 months (range 1 – 43 months, >12 months 36 patients, >24 months 24 patients). There have been no hernia recurrences. The use of OviTex reinforced tissue matrix in co-morbid and contaminated patients, in our experience, is associated with a low rate of Surgical Site Occurence, SSI, and hernia recurrence.
BHSeP9 Complex abdominal wall hernia: our experience in a DGH
Authors: Khan Amnah Ilyas , Mostafa Omar , Sellahewa Chaminda
Published: January 2025

Incisional hernias are a common complication and can be very challenging to manage. The incidence is about 20–25% after a major operation. We present our experience of Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction (CAWR) at a District General hospital (DGH).

Methods

The team comprises 2 Upper GI surgeons, anaesthetists who help optimise the high-risk patients and a radiologist. All patients are initially discussed in the CAWR MDT that takes place weekly. The CT scans are reviewed with the radiologist.

Results

Data from 24 patients was analysed from 2021 to 2024. The mean age of the patients was 59 (44–77) years and the average BMI was 32 (28–46). All patients had a pre-op CT scan to delineate the anatomy and were discussed in the MDT. Open Rives-Stoppa repair was performed in 20 patients (83.3%), Transversus abdominus release in 3 (12.5%) and component separation in 1 patient (4.1%). 22 patients (91.6%) had a planned elective operation whereas 2 (8.3%) underwent emergency repair due to bowel obstruction. Prolene mesh was used in 20 patients (83.3%), 3 (12.5%) had Phasix mesh and 1 (4.1%) had Permacol mesh. 1 patient (4.1%) developed a mesh infection requiring re-operation and excision of mesh, 2 patients (8.3%) had superficial wound infection that was treated with antibiotics and respiratory complications were seen in 2 (8.3%) patients.

Conclusion

Our experience and outcomes indicate that CAWR is feasible at a DGH with a dedicated team. The follow-up shows good outcomes with only one recurrence so far. Patients report a better quality of life.
BHSeP15 Setting up a Successful Robotic Abdominal Wall Service at Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow; A Tertiary Referral Centre for complex hernia patients
Authors: Gilmore Katie , Hughes Rebecca , Hughes Niamh , Pawlak Maciej
Published: January 2025

Background

The establishment of a successful Robotic Abdominal Wall Service (AWS) at Golden Jubilee National Hospital (GJNH) in Glasgow, underscores the necessity of a dedicated abdominal wall service for superior patient outcomes. The current landscape of hernia surgery is characterised by inconsistent surgical practices, long wait times, and variable care delivery.

Robotic-assisted hernia surgery, well-established across Europe, has demonstrated significant advantages, including reduced blood loss, fewer wound complications, shorter hospital stays, and decreased post-operative pain. However, setting up a robotic programme presents challenges, such as the need for surgeon training, competency assessments and training for theatre teams. These elements are critical and time-consuming.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with the team that established the robotic programme, and a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing robotic hernia repair was performed.

Results

The first surgeon was proctored on 30th of October 2023. To date, 67 robotic-assisted hernia surgeries have been performed; including 32 bilateral inguinal hernias, 15 unilateral inguinal hernias, 11 ventral TAPPs, and 9 TARUPs.

Conclusions

The creation of a dedicated AWR team has proven highly beneficial, with regular theatre lists exclusively for hernia cases. The hernia RAS programme has fostered strong industry links and enhanced collaboration between different Health Boards and surgeons. Collaboration, team work and compassion help achieve favourable outcomes and we, as a dedicated AWR team, are looking forward to publishing our results & developing the service further to become a beacon of excellence in Scotland.
BHSeP29 Reinforced tissue matrix mesh for abdominal wall reconstruction: early experience in a district general complex hernia referral centre
Authors: Zhao Sarah , Ludden Rebecca , Curwen Oliver , Malik Sajid , Gate Emilio Schweighart , Parker Samuel , Thomas Rhys
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Reinforced tissue matrix (OviTex®, Telabio, USA) is a novel mesh comprised of biological ovine rumen scaffold reinforced with polymer. It aims to deliver synthetic mesh strength whilst minimising foreign body reaction. We present our early experience of OviTex® mesh for abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) in a district general complex hernia referral centre.

Methods

A single-centre retrospective study of patients undergoing AWR with OviTex® mesh between February 2023 and June 2024 was conducted at Croydon University Hospital (London, UK). Outcomes recorded included hernia recurrence, surgical site occurrences and length of stay.

Results

Twenty-nine patients were included (14 male, mean age 55.5 years). All cases were elective and for ventral hernia repair performed by two surgeons independently or as joint cases. Thus far 79.3% of patients have reached 3-month follow up. Majority were ASA II (72.41%) with mean BMI 31.46. Commonest mesh location was retromuscular, with posterior component separation performed in 13 (44.8%) cases. Mean defect width was 7.61cm. Nine patients (31%) presented with surgical site occurrences (SSOs), with 4 of these requiring procedural intervention. One patient (3.5%) presented with bleeding requiring immediate re-operation. There was no mortality and 1 (3.5%) hernia recurrence (parastomal). Eleven (37.9%) patients have been discharged.

Conclusion

In our early experience, OviTex® mesh is shown to have acceptable recurrence and infectious complication rates in abdominal wall reconstruction. Longer term follow-up data is required.
BHSeP30 c-section hernia—a preventable patology under diagnosed and often overlooked
Authors: Zanellato Artur , Sunny Ann , Tulloh Bruce
Published: January 2025

C-section Hernia is a particular type of intra-parietal defect. The first caesarean was performed 1000 year ago and has evolved significantly in the last century. Pfannenstiel described the incision for caesareans in 1900, aiming to reduce hernias and have better cosmesis. It became the standard for C-sections. The technique was modified and now obstetricians tear the rectus muscles and posterior sheath apart and don’t reapproximate this layer. As consequence, it leaves a gap between both recti which allows herniation of abdominal contents between the anterior rectus sheath and muscle. The aim is describing its typical clinical and radiological features, propose a classification and awareness strategy.

A prospective observational study was conducted on 38 patients, between January 2020–2024. Data collected was entered in a proforma, tabulated, and analyzed. Most of patients presented with discomfort, swelling, intermittent nausea and all reported a bulge. Three patients presented with small bowel obstruction. All the images were reviewed and match with intraoperative findings to create a classification. Surgical strategy were different for each grade.

Conclusion

C-section hernia has typical clinical and radiological features commonly under recognized as some signs may be subtle. Awareness by surgeons and radiologists is the first step to avoid this condition being missed or overlooked. All the hernias societies should call for its registry. Finally it is preventable by understanding the importance of posterior layer below the arcuate line usually described as peritoneum only and changing the practice by closing the posterior layer at the index operation may be the end of this problem.
BHSeP32 management of open abdomen. How to optimize the fascial traction and avoid the fascia retraction
Authors: Zanellato Artur , Damaskos Dimitrios , Vojtas Patrick
Published: January 2025

Often surgeons face complex situations where an abbreviated surgery is required and the definitive managed performed after restoration or improvement of physiological parameters. Leaving the abdomen open temporarily is the best and quickest option but not free of complications. In 1986, a novel therapy using negative pressure with marlex mesh cover by op-site wound dressing, called the ‘sandwich technique’ was described which significantly changed the management of open abdomen. Several trial were performed with different meshes in combination with silicone bags, or not, with high mortality and high rate of massive hernias but promising results. On 90’s the term planned hernia was widely used. Miller in 2004 demonstrate that was possible vacuum-assisted fascial closure (VAFC) which enables late fascial closure in open abdomen patients up to a month after initial laparotomy by substituting the surgical towels with polyurethane sponge and attached a special drain and pump for liquid aspiration. Complication rates did not differ from patients with planned hernia, and the need for future abdominal wall reconstruction was avoided. Following this pre-packed dressing system was introduced. Some authors combined VAC with the Bogotá bag and others with mesh. The system was designed to actively manage the open abdomen by removing fluid and helping reduce visceral oedema. The system evolved to the advanced model when they fenestrated. The author suggest avoiding using a large piece of foam between the fascia which will prevent the closure and instead to put the fenestrated advance system underneath the abdominal wall on top of the protective layer.
BHSeP33 c-section hernia classification
Authors: Zanellato Artur
Published: January 2025

Purpose

C-section hernia has typical clinical and radiological features commonly under recognized as some signs may be subtle. Awareness by surgeons and radiologists is the first step to avoid this condition being missed or overlooked. A classification for C-section hernias is needed to allow comparison of publications and future studies on these hernias as well as to purpose a selective approach. It is important to know whether the populations described in different studies are comparable.

Methods

Based on the radiological features and intraoperative findings of the first an prospective observational study of this type of hernia, the author developed and propose a classification for C-sections hernias.

Results

Five distinct presentations were found:Type 1—Small defect on posterior layer exposing anterior rectus muscle with or without peritoneal adhesion but no herniationType 2—Defect on posterior layer with abdominal content herniating between the rectus musclesType 3—Defect on posterior layer with abdominal content herniating between and anterior to the rectus muscles unilaterallyType 4—Defect on posterior layer with abdominal content herniating between and anterior to the rectus muscles bilaterallyType 5—Defect on posterior layer with abdominal content herniating between and/or anterior to the rectus muscles bilaterally associated with a small defect on anterior rectus sheath.

Conclusions

A classification for C-section Hernia and a division into 5 types, concerning the localisation of the defect and herniation, was formulated and helps the futures publications to talk about the same problem and offer selective approach.