ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL BUDGET INCOME AND EXPENSES
Authors:   North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, Tadtaeva Naira V. 
Published: February 2025

In today’s realities, we are seeing an increase in the significance and importance of budget financing. Issues of horizontal contradictions are particularly acute. Unfortunately, the level of budgetary discipline is also low. And given the fact that the budget system must function uninterruptedly, the question arises of providing all levels of the budget with sufficient funds and on time with the necessary funds.
In the system of economic relations of the subjects of the federation, the budget plays the most important role. Thanks to him, the region’s economy is developing. The most important issue for all regions is increasing budget revenues.
The approaches used today for planning tax revenues to the regional budget cannot always accurately determine the specifics of individual subjects, the real state of their economy and the features of economic and social development, which are the basis for the fulfillment of tax obligations by conscientious taxpayers and serve as a source of budget replenishment.
To ensure the balanced functioning of the regional economy, the use of interbudgetary transfers from various budgets is being actively carried out. Through fiscal federalism, it is planned to provide the subjects of the federation with their autonomy in the formation and distribution of their own financial resources.
Budget legislation – all regulations containing state identification of the budget structure. Naturally, priority here belongs to the budget code, which all of the above cannot contradict. The key law regulating the formation and execution of the budget of Russia is Federal Law of July 31, 1998 No. 135-FZ “On the Federal Budget”.
The Budget Code regulates relations related to the process of formation of the state budget, budget execution and state and municipal debt.
The first part of the code is devoted to general provisions, and the second part is devoted to the budgetary system. The next part of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation is about the budget process, then about the types of liability for violation of budget legislation, and the last part about the final provisions.
The budgetary sphere is regulated by the following laws and regulations:
– Federal Law “On the Execution of the Federal Budget for 2019” dated October 15, 2020 N 314-FZ, which defines the procedure for monitoring the execution of the federal budget and establishes the rules for the formation of budget obligations.
– Federal Law “On Accounting” dated December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ, characterizes the procedure and rules for maintaining accounting in state and municipal institutions.
– Federal Law of October 6, 2003 N 131-FZ (as amended on February 6, 2023) “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation.”
– Tax Code of the Russian Federation” dated July 31, 1998 N 146-FZ (as amended on March 18, 2023) (with amendments and additions, entered into force on May 18, 2023), there are conditions and procedures for taxation and collection of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation.
The region’s budget system itself is the object of study. The subject is the structural elements of the budget system, its income and expenses.