bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraocular pressure, systemic blood pressure, and brain volumes: observational and Mendelian Randomization analyses
Authors: Shang Xianwen , Huang Yu , Zhu Susan , Zhu Zhuoting , Zhang Xueli , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiayin , Liu Jing , Liu Jiahao , Tang Shulin , Ge Zongyuan , Hu Yijun , Yu Honghua , Yang Xiaohong , He Mingguang
Published: April 2023

Background It is unclear whether brain volumes are causally affected by Intraocular pressure (IOP) is highly correlated with blood pressure (BP).Methods The study included 8634 participants for IOP and 36069 participants for BP in observational analyses and 37410 participants for both IOP and BP in Mendelian Randomisation (MR) analyses from UK Biobank. IOP and BP were measured between 2006–2010. Brain volumes were measured using MRI between 2014–2019.Results Higher IOP was associated with smaller volumes of total brain (β (95% CI) for each 5-mmHg increment: -3.24 (-5.05, -1.44) ml) and grey matter (-1.10 (-2.17, -0.03) ml) independent of BP. Diastolic BP (β (95% CI) for each 10-mmHg increment: 0.13 (0.05, 0.21)) was associated with higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) independent of antihypertensive medications. Associations between IOP and total brain and WMH volumes were stronger in younger individuals or those without hypertension. Associations between DBP/SBP and brain volumes were stronger in younger individuals, women, and lowly educated individuals. All MR analytic methods demonstrated a significant relationship between DBP and WMH (β (95% CI) for each 10-mmHg increment of DBP for inverse-variance weighting method: 0.019 (0.013, 0.026)). The β (95% CI) for grey matter volume (ml) associated with each 5-mmHg increment of IOP for inverse-variance weighting method was − 3.42 (-5.39, -1.45).Conclusions Higher IOP is casually linked to larger grey matter volume reduction while increased DBP casually linked to higher WMH load. Younger or lowly educated individuals deserve more scrutiny for the prevention of brain volume reduction potentially via IOP/DBP lowering.
Gene expression, transcription factor binding and histone modification predict leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity related genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sun Wei , Bonnema Guusje , Wang Xiaowu , Dijk Aalt D.J.
Published: April 2023

Background: Arabidopsis thaliana leaf adaxial-abaxial (ad-abaxial) polarity affects leaf morphology and function. Several genes are known to govern ad-abaxial patterning, but the genetic machinery underlying this process is unclear.
Results: To uncover critical genes involved in leaf ad-abaxial patterning, we applied a combination of in silico prediction using machine learning (ML) and experimental analysis. Genes known to influence ad-abaxial polarity were utilized as ground truth to train a Random Forest model. This model used gene expression data from various tissues and conditions and promoter regulation data (based on ChIP-seq data) as input. This approach enabled us to identify novel ad-abaxial polarity-related genes. Parallel to this, available and newly obtained transcriptome data enabled us to identify genes differentially expressed across leaf ad-abaxial sides. The integration of the set of differentially expressed genes with the ML model predictions validated the model and led to our final set of predicted leaf polarity influencing genes.
Conclusions: Using a combination of in silico prediction using ML and experimental analysis, we obtained a strategy to identify which genes are involved in leaf ad-abaxial specialization. Our final set of 111 genes expands the knowledge of genetic components underlying leaf ad-abaxial polarity specification.
Development and validation of a novel prognosis prediction model for M2-type macrophage of Clear cell carcinoma of kidney
Authors: Rui Sun , Jingdi Zhang
Published: April 2023

Background The aim of this study is to establish a prognostic risk assessment model for coexpressed M2 related genes and to elucidate the role of M2 macrophages within the ccRCC (Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney) immune microenvironment, which may have the potential to enhance the efficacy of ccRCC treatment.Method Transcriptome data, clinical data, and mutation data were obtained from TCGA-KIRC. CIBERSORT was used to calculate the proportion of M2 macrophage cells of each of the 539 samples. Genes associated with macrophage M2 in TCGA-KIRC with the external dataset E-MTAB-1980 from the Arrayexpress database were determined by intersection, and a coexpression network was established. Following lasso regression, a prognostic model was constructed, factors with significant findings were entered into a Cox regression analysis. Next, we used the external dataset E-MTAB-1980 from the ArrayExpress database for validation. Lastly, risk score was evaluated by stroma immune infiltration, GSEA, TMB and drug sensitivity.Results We obtained the top 46 genes most strongly correlated with macrophage M2 in TCGA-KIRC, which are enriched in immune receptor activity, leukocyte and mononuclear cell migration. A model of twelve genes related to the coexpressed macrophage M2 gene was established, we demonstrated that it has good prognostic capacity.Conclusion We proposed a twelve-gene Cox proportional hazard regression model associated with M2 ccRCC macrophage that could provide a measurement method to generate prognostic scores in patients with ccRCC. We discovered that the M2 macrophage infiltration was closely related to tumor metabolism and inversely correlated with risk score in ccRCC. The observations we report here have the potential to provide meaningful candidate biomarkers for the treatment and surveillance of ccRCC.
Sexually dimorphic traits are associated with subsistence strategy in African faces from the Sahel/Savannah belt
Authors: Kleisner Karel , Pokorný Šimon , Černý Viktor
Published: April 2023

Previous research revealed that in some African populations, food-production strategies are associated with facial shape. Nomadic pastoralists living in the African Sahel/Savannah belt have a different facial morphology than their sedentary neighbours. We investigated whether the lifestyle associated with a subsistence pattern has an impact on sexual dimorphism in the facial structure. We employed several methods from geometric morphometrics and demonstrated such effect in four ethnically distinct populations that share the same geographic space. We show that the facial traits which correlate with a subsistence strategy are systematically associated with levels of facial sex-typicality. In particular, we found that faces with more pronounced pastoralist features have on average more masculine facial traits and that this effect is more pronounced in men than in women. In general, though, the magnitude of overall facial dimorphism does not differ between pastoralists and farmers. Pastoralists (in contrast to farmers) tend to have a more masculine facial morphology but facial differences between the sexes are in both groups the same.
Fulfillment and Challenge in The Role of Community and Township Health Center Managers in China : A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Xin Rao , Jin Wen , Xingyue Wang
Published: April 2023

Background: In China’s health reform , community and township health center are with multiple expectations. However, in this process, the fulfillment and challenge in the role of community and township health center managers need to be revealed to maintain the health reform a sustainable development
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the factors that influence the fulfillment and challenge in the role of community and township health center managers Method: Analysis of 72 interviews with community and township health center manager was performed with grounded theory methodology.
Results: Fulfillment were “seeing positive change ”, “experiencing a variety of relationships”, “being creative to promote development ” and “experiencing professional growth” .Some negative themes that resulted in challenge were “lack of systematically training”, “feeling overwhelmed with the number of hours and duties”, “information system need to be advanced”, “the faculty shortage ”and a “lack of supervision and support from the local administration”
Conclusion: By disclosing aspects of fulfillment and challenge of the community and township health center manager role, the development of community and township health center will be aﬀected.
A assembled hot wire anemometer design
Authors: Xingxing YAO , Fanhao SHEN , Yuan ZHENG , Ting XIAO
Published: April 2023

The hot wire anemometer is a commonly used device for measuring air speed in laboratories. In this paper, the relationship between air speed and temperature in different air speed ranges was analyzed based on the theory of thermal equilibrium. A measurement circuit and hot wire shape were designed based on the principle of the hot wire anemometer, and the linear relationship between current and temperature in the hot wire at different air speeds was verified in an adjustable air speed field. The measured current was used to represent air speed. The designed hot wire anemometer was experimentally validated to provide measurement results that match the theoretical values in different air speed ranges. Finally, the sensitivity of the anemometer in different measurement ranges was determined based on the uncertainty of the instrument's sensitivity and the measurement formula.
RETRACTED: Measurement and Analysis Method of Influence of Remanence of Carbon Steel Structure on Magnetic Shielding Devices
Authors: Zhu Qunhong , Sha Ling , Cao Yimin , Huang Fang
Published: April 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Predictive Model for Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Ensemble Learning
Authors: Wei Jin feng , Yin Xiang lin , Huang Ze min , Zheng Jia rui , Deng Shi jie , Yu Yang , Xu Wei jing , Qiu Hong bin
Published: April 2023

Objective
The purpose of this passage is to predict the risk of type 2 daibetes complicated with retinopathy，we evaluated 14 commonly used models and fusion them in a glm stacking classifier.
Methods
The Clinical data of this passage comes from National Health Science Data Center (Diabetic complications early warning dataset), all the statistical analysis were finished in R-4.2.1, Rstudio. We used recursive feature elimination to get variables we need, we create models in caret package, and computed Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity, Specificity, F1-score of every models,choose the better models to the stacking classifier.
Results
REF feature screening shows that the accuracy of the models improve with the number of variables, and tends to be flat after more than 30 variables, in order to prevent overfitting, combined with the literature, a total of 45 variables are selected into the model, and the evaluation indicators show that the support vector machine, AdaBoost, XGBoost, rotating forest, are excellent in the first-stage modeling. The fusion of stacking models of generalized linear models is better than stage one models.
Conclusion
The stacking fusion model can improve the performance of the model on the basis of a single model, and can play a certain role in the screening and prediction of high-risk groups with type 2 diabetes complicated by retinopathy in the clinic.
The FLOWERING LOCUS T LIKE 2-1 gene of Chenopodium triggers precocious flowering in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Abeyawardana Oushadee , Moravec Tomáš , Krüger Manuela , Belz Claudia , Gutierrez-Larruscain David , Vondráková Zuzana , Eliášová Kateřina , Štorchová Helena
Published: April 2023

The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene is the essential integrator of flowering regulatory pathways in angiosperms. The paralogs of the FT gene may perform antagonistic functions, as exemplified by BvFT1, that suppresses flowering in Beta vulgaris, unlike the paralogous activator BvFT2. The roles of FT genes in other amaranths were less investigated. Here, we transformed Arabidopsis thaliana with the FLOWERING LOCUS T like (FTL) genes of Chenopodium and found, that both FTL1 and FTL2-1 accelerated flowering, despite having been the homologs of the Beta vulgaris floral promoter and suppressor, respectively. The floral promotive effect of FTL2-1 was so strong that it caused lethality when overexpressed under the 35S promoter. FTL2-1 placed in inducible cassette accelerated flowering after the induction with methoxyphenozide. The spontaneous induction of FTL2-1 led to precocious flowering in some primary transformants even without chemical induction. After the FTL gene duplication in Amaranthaceae, the FTL1 copy maintained the role of floral activator. The second copy FTL2 underwent subsequent duplication and functional diversification, which enabled to control the onset of flowering in amaranths to adapt to variable environments.
Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity ofpolyaniline grafted Fe3O4@ZnO/GO as a recyclable photocatalyst
Authors: dehghani-dashtabi Mahdieh , Hekmatara Hoda , seyed-yazdi jamileh
Published: April 2023

A novel superparamagnetic Fe3O4@ZnO/GO (F@Z/G) composites with different ratios: (1/1, 1/2, 1/3) of Fe3O4@ZnO core-shell to GO were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. XRD and TEM images proved the formation of magnetite Fe3O4 and ZnO in the form of core-shell which were uniformly loaded on GO sheets. In the next step, OH and COOH functional groups of Fe3O4@ZnO and GO in F@Z/G composites used as initiator for in situ polymerization of aniline and polyaniline grafted Fe3O4@ZnO/GO composites were named as (F@Z/G1-P, F@Z/G2-P, F@Z/G3-P) were successfully produced. The Formation of polyaniline on F@Z/G nanocomposite was confirmed using FTIR, and XRD. The presence of polyaniline in F@Z/G nanocomposites not only retained their superparamagnetic property of F@Z/G composites as recyclable photocatalysts for degradation of methylene blue but also increased their degradation efficiency by speeding up the electron-hole production. The Maximum removal efficiency under the same conditions was obtained for F@Z/G2-P which was reached 86% during 40min.
Migration motivation and ethnic identity of migrant couples: tied versus lead movers*
Authors: Monteiro Teresa Freitas
Published: April 2023

This study examines the determinants of the migration status within households (tied or lead mover) and how it affects the ethnic identity of migrant spouses. Tied and lead movers differ in their migration motivations, face different constraints, and opportunities (e.g., social network through work). This is likely to be reflected in different investment strategies and adjustment patterns in the host country. To study the adjustment of tied and lead movers, I rely on the IAB-SOEP migration sample, which asks migrant spouses who were the main driver of the migration decision and measures several socio-economic outcomes in Germany. The results show that women are 42.2 percentage points more likely to be tied movers than men, and spouses without technical college or university before migration is 6.6 percentage points more likely to be tied movers than spouses with a degree. Overall, tied movers in Germany are more likely to be separated and less likely to be integrated and assimilated when compared to lead or equal movers. These findings suggest that for tied movers, the benefits of investing in the host country's culture do not outweigh the costs.
Playing HAVOK on the Chaos Caused by Internet Trolls
Authors: Martynova Elena , Golino Hudson , Boker Steven M.
Published: April 2023

Trump supporting Twitter posting activity from right-wing Russian trolls active during the 2016 United States presidential election was analyzed at multiple timescales using a recently developed procedure for separating linear and nonlinear components of time series. Trump supporting topics were extracted with DynEGA (Dynamic Exploratory Graph Analysis) and analyzed with Hankel Alternative View of Koopman (HAVOK) procedure. HAVOK is an exploratory and predictive technique that extracts a linear model for the time series and a corresponding nonlinear time series that is used as a forcing term for the linear model. Together, this forced linear model can produce surprisingly accurate reconstructions of nonlinear and chaotic dynamics. Using the R package havok, Russian troll data yielded well-fitting models at several timescales, not producing well-fitting models at others, suggesting that only a few timescales were important for representing the dynamics of the troll factory. We identified system features that were timescale-universal versus timescale-specific. Timescale-universal features included cycles inherent to troll factory governance, which identified their work-day and work-week organization, later confirmed from published insider interviews. Cycles were captured by eigen-vector basis components resembling Fourier modes, rather than Legendre polynomials typical for HAVOK. This may be interpreted as the troll factory having intrinsic dynamics that are highly coupled to nearly stationary cycles. Forcing terms were timescale-specific. They represented external events that precipitated major changes in the time series and aligned with major events during the political campaign. HAVOK models specified interactions between the discovered components allowing to reverse-engineer the operation of Russian troll factory. Steps and decision points in the HAVOK analysis are presented and the results are described in detail.
The solutions of the quaternion multiple equality constrained least squares problem
Authors: Zhang Fengxia , Li Ying
Published: April 2023

Many data models of practical problems are related to the quaternion multiple equality constrained least squares (QMELS) problem, which is a generalization of the quaternion equality constrained least squares (QELS) problem. In this paper, by utilizing the MP inverse, the quaternion QR factorization, the quaternion CS factorization and some known results of the QELS problem, we first transform the QMELS problem into an unconstrained least squares (LS) problem. Next, we give a representation formula for solutions of the QMELS problem. After that, we present a real structure-preserving algorithm of its minimum norm solution. Finally, a example is proposed to indicate the validity.
Generative model for learning quantum ensemble with optimal transport loss
Authors: Tezuka Hiroyuki , Uno Shumpei , Yamamoto Naoki
Published: April 2023

Generative modeling is an unsupervised machine learning framework, that exhibits
strong performance in various machine learning tasks.
Recently we find several quantum version of generative model, some of which
are even proven to have quantum advantage.
However, those methods are not directly applicable to construct a generative
model for learning a set of quantum states, i.e., ensemble.
In this paper, we propose a quantum generative model that can learn quantum
ensemble, in an unsupervised machine learning framework.
The key idea is to introduce a new loss function calculated based on optimal
transport loss, which have been widely used in classical machine learning
due to its good properties; e.g., no need to ensure the common support of two
ensembles.
We then give in-depth analysis on this measure, such as the scaling property
of the approximation error.
We also demonstrate the generative modeling with the application to quantum
anomaly detection problem, that cannot be handled via existing methods.
The proposed model paves the way for a wide application such as the health
check of quantum devices and efficient initialization of quantum computation.
On the detection of lateral movement through supervised machine learning and an open-source tool to create turnkey datasets from Sysmon logs
Authors: Smiliotopoulos Christos , Kambourakis Georgios , Barbatsalou Konstantia
Published: April 2023

Lateral movement (LM) is a principal, increasingly common, tactic in the arsenal of advanced persistent threat (APT) groups and other less or more powerful threat actors. It concerns techniques that enable a cyberattacker, after establishing foothold, to maintain ongoing access and penetrate further into a network in quest of prized booty. This is done by moving through the infiltrated network and gaining elevated privileges using an assortment of tools. Concentrating on the MS Windows platform, this work provides the first to our knowledge holistic methodology supported by an abundance of experimental results towards the identification of LM via machine learning (ML) techniques. We not only assess this potential by means of both traditional and deep learning models, but also contribute a publicly available, open-source tool, which can convert Windows system monitor logs to turnkey datasets, ready to be fed into ML models. Vis-`a-vis the relevant literature, and by considering a highly unblalanced dataset and a multiclass classification problem, we report superior scores in terms of the F1 and AUC metrics, 99.41% and 99.84%, respectively.
Evaluation of Immunophenotypic Alterations of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and their Sub-Sets in Uncomplicated P. Falciparum Infection
Authors: Antwi-Baffour Samuel , Mensah Benjamin Tetteh , Ahiakonu Simon Aglona , Armah Dorinda Naa Okailey , Ali-Mustapha Samira , Annison Lawrence
Published: April 2023

Background: Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. There is ample evidence showing the potential of malaria infection to affect the counts of lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood, but the extent of alteration might not be consistent in all geographical locations, due to several local factors. Although Ghana is among the malaria endemic countries, there is currently no available data on the level of alterations that occur in the counts of lymphocyte subpopulations during Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection among adults.
Aim: The study was to determine the immunophenotypic alterations in the level of peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets in adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria infection and apparently healthy participants.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in two municipalities of the Volta region of Ghana. Blood samples were collected from study participants and taken through serology (P. falciparum/Pan Rapid Diagnostic Kits), microscopy (Thick and thin blood films) and Haematological (Flow cytometric and Full blood count) analysis.
Results: A total of 414 participants, comprising 214 patients with malaria (cases) and 200 apparently healthy individuals (controls) were recruited into this study. Parasite density of the malaria patients ranged from 75/µL to 84,364/µL, with a mean of 3,520/µL. It was also observed that the total lymphocytes slightly decreased in the P. falciparum infected individuals (Mean ± SD: 2.08 ± 4.93 × 109/L) compared to the control group (Mean ± SD: 2.47 ± 0.80 × 109/L). Again, there was a significant medium positive correlation between parasite density and haematocrit levels (r= 0.321, p < 0.001). Apart from CD45+ T-cells, more people in the control group had normal values for the lymphocyte subsets measured compared to the cases.
Conclusions: From the results obtained, there was high parasite density among the malaria patients suggestive of high intensity of infection in the case group. The cases again showed considerable haematological alterations in lymphocyte sub-sets and the parasite density appeared to be strongly associated with CD4+ T-cell reduction. Also, the parasite density significantly associated with decreasing haematocrit levels.
Comparative Evaluation of Vehicle, Dose, and Duration-related Oxidative, Cardiotoxic, Inflammatory and Histologic Responses of Chromium 6+ and Doxorubicin in Rats’ Heart
Authors: Onyedikachi Uchechi Bliss , Egbuonu Anthony Cemaluk Chinedum , Awah Favour Matthew , Ijioma Solomon Nnah , Nkpaa Kpobari W.
Published: April 2023

Doxorubicin (Dox) is cardiotoxicity is established while chromium 6+ compound (Cr[VI]) could be cardiotoxic due to its bioaccumulation capacity. This study compared vehicle, dose, and duration-related oxidative, cardiotoxic, inflammatory and histologic responses of Cr[VI] and Dox intoxication in rats’ heart by standard protocols. The rats were respectively intoxicated with Cr [VI] and Dox in 3 different phases. In the first phase, sixty rats were assigned to six groups of ten each. Group 1 served as the Control while groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated with oral doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of K2Cr2O7 (Cr[VI]) solution while groups 5 and 6 received intraperitoneal administration of 15 and 20 mg/kg b.wt Dox for two days, respectively, before the sacrifice. The procedure was repeated in the second and third Phases, but for 60 days. Oxidative, cardiotoxic, inflammatory and histologic indices were determined in the rats’ heart. The results indicated that exposure to either Dox or Cr{VI] caused a significant (P < 0.05) dose, vehicle and duration-dependent decrease in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT) activities and Nitric Oxide(NO) levels but an increase in Cardiac Troponin (CTnI) levels, Creatinine-kinase (CK-MB), C-reactive protein(CRP), Aspartate-transaminase(AST), Lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the control. Heart histopathology of Dox- and Cr[VI] treated rats showed dose, vehicle and duration-dependent pulmonary oedema, hyaline necrosis and displacement of adjacent myocytes compared to control. Thus, Cr[VI] compared well with Dox in cardiotoxicity induction accompanied with oxidative stress, inflammatory and histo-hepatic responses in the rats’ heart.
Testing a subset of random effects in linear mixed models A comparative study
Authors: Abdelwahab Nada Mostafa , El-Horbaty Yahia S. , Ibrahim Ibrahim Hassan
Published: April 2023

In linear mixed-effects models, random effects are necessary, especially if the data has two sources of variation. As a result of the importance of random effects, various studies focused on testing the need for random effects. This topic is challenging, and several studies have been proposed for testing a subset of random effects using various approaches to tackling challenges with this problem. Existing tests involve the exact F-test, and other resampling-based tests. In this article, we conduct simulation studies to examine the size and the power of many of the recent tests for a subset of variance components in linear mixed-effects models. The study highlights the tests with the highest empirical power under some commonly used configurations.
The Importance of Gender Equality in Promoting Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Authors: Veckalne Regina , Tambovceva Tatjana
Published: April 2023

The promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship is a crucial element in advancing economic development, and achieving gender equality within this sphere can significantly contribute to this progress. Despite this, women continue to face numerous challenges in starting and expanding their businesses, including limited access to markets, technology, networks, and financing. Moreover, gender bias and inequality play a significant role in shaping entrepreneurial ecosystems, restricting the opportunities available to women and impeding their capacity for innovation and value creation. This research aims to explore the significance of gender equality in promoting creativity and entrepreneurship, ultimately supporting economic growth. Employing an analysis of earlier studies, the authors examine how entrepreneurship and creativity can be stimulated by gender equality. A key component of this research is the inclusion of interviews with female entrepreneurs to understand the main challenges they face and to gather their suggestions on how these challenges can be addressed. Through these interviews, the study identifies the barriers that women encounter when starting and expanding their businesses. These obstacles not only involve limited access to resources but also encompass deeply entrenched societal norms and biases that disproportionately affect women. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the policies and programs that can help women overcome these challenges and thrive in the entrepreneurial world. The analysis highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses both the supply and demand sides of the issue in order to promote gender equality in entrepreneurship and innovation. This entails combating prejudice and gender bias in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, implementing measures to increase women’s access to markets, technology, and funding, and nurturing an environment that supports women’s growth and development as entrepreneurs. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of fostering networks and mentorship opportunities for female entrepreneurs. By connecting women with experienced business professionals and peers, these networks can help them navigate the complex world of entrepreneurship, learn from the experiences of others, and build crucial relationships that can contribute to their business success.
Virtual reality and the problem of illusion
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Dokuchayev Ilya I. , Golokhvast Kirill S. ,   Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sokolov Aleksey M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: April 2023

The paper touches upon the problem of differentiating between virtual reality and original reality. The article makes a contribution to the modern ontology, as it discusses the problem of the status of virtual reality, which is formed by modern technical and mathematical means using cognitive technologies. The work is based on the concepts of E.Husserl and H.Putnam, as well as theories of psychophysiology and cognitive sciences. Arguments are provided for the following opposing statements: that it is possible to differentiate between them and that it is not. To specify the distinctive features of virtual reality, the latter is described as a system of perceived existing things and in comparison to other forms of such systems: subjective and objective, individual and social, natural and cultural, material and ideal, original and fictional, abstract and transcendental, evident and illusionary, true and false, erroneous and imitative, deceitful and mistaken, performative and simulating, conditional and unconditional ones. This part of the article qualifies virtual reality as illusion created via imitation. It is further revealed that the key distinctive feature of original reality, which is defined in the modern phenomenology as the maximal level of evidence, is applicable to virtual reality as well. The major argument in favor of the provable difference between virtual and original reality, which the contemporary analytic philosophy offers, can be confuted by means of a thought experiment based on the doubling of virtual reality. The final part of the article discusses psychological (experiment-based cognitive) arguments in favor of differentiating between virtual and original reality successfully: effect of presence and immersion. Both effects are typical of the reality types under comparison, as well as of experiencing these realities. The paper concludes that neither philosophy nor cognitive sciences can offer a compelling argument to differentiate between original reality and virtual reality.
Leo Tolstoy’s Christian anarchism: Towards a political theology
Authors:   HSE University, Klimova Svetlana M.
Published: April 2023

The article specifies the characteristics of Christian Anarchism as applied to the religious teaching of Lev Tolstoy. An attempt is made to overcome the political stereotype of his perception as an anarchist, but to consider it’s in the context of Political Theology. The article calls into question the legitimacy of considering his religious teachings in the unambiguous political discourse of Anarchism. If the concept of Christian Anarchism is a special kind of theoretical and ideological oxymoron of “religious politics”, then Tolstoy’s teaching is considered as a manifestation of his subjectivism, aimed at simultaneously overcoming the personal, animal element in man and reaching an impersonal universal spiritual principle, without any external restrictions. Freedom, as the most important category of his worldview, is presented rather in the form of religious monarchism — submission to the Divine will and life according to Christ, and not in the form of radical Anarchism. Political Theology is considered as a conscious non-participation of individual in politics — that is, refusal to stay in state structures such as courts, army, police, etc., — is the religious-subjective, peaceful destruction of the system, according to Tolstoy. On this path, he went much further than his Enlightenment teachers with their theories of social contracts, creating a model of not struggle, not reconciliation, not an agreement, but retirement from the state in the form of non-participation in its violence and atrocities. But all this is worth doing — not rebelling anarchically, not for the sake of oneself or social justice, but completely obeying the Divine will, which is a religious modification of the Kantian ethical imperative in Tolstoy’s teachings. Chertkov has named this teaching as model of theocratic monarchism.
Narrative, interest, motivation: L.I.Petrazhitsky vs Ya. E.Golosovker
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Shchedrina Irina O.
Published: April 2023

The modern philosophy of science pays special attention to the processes of social regulation of the researcher’s activity. In fact, today, the epistemologist is approaching the boundaries of the sociology of science. Rather often, his reasoning turns out to be consonant with the concepts of specialists in the field of social management. But when the discussion begins on how to build a particular “program”, sociologists, as a rule, will not include in their research the historical experience of knowledge. Nevertheless, both epistemologists and sociologists agree that meaningfulness forms the basis of the productivity of human activity (in any sphere). But how to achieve it? Under what social conditions does a person have the intent to think? The article actualizes the ideas of social programming aimed at creating such conditions. The author refers to the intellectual heritage of Russian philosophers and humanities scholars of the early 20th century, L.I.Petrazhitsky and Ya.E.Golosovker, to show the methodological effectiveness of their reasoning about “motivation” and “interest”, as well as the fundamental ideological consonance of their philosophical research programs. Petrazhitsky speaks of motivation from the philosophical and legal fields, while Golosovker proceeds from the logic of the imaginary. But both of them understand the importance of story (narrative) for the emergence and cultivation of motivation and interest in knowledge.
Chinese theories of “mud” music and poetry
Authors: Kravtsova Marina Ye.
Published: April 2023

The article is focused on analysis of ideas of human creative activities in its connections with the spiritual life of society and state board system, which were among the fundamental problems of the Ancient Chinese thought, begging with its originative stage (mid 1st cent. BCE). The problem received a particular development in Confucian thought, and initially was applied to musical types of art (“music-Yue”), endowed with special metaphysical properties. Going from the analysis of original theoretical works the fact of formation of the holistic concept of “mud music” (yin yue) is argued. As “mud” is offered with a certain proportion of conditionality to translate the character yin, originally designated the river flow released from the coast and mixed with mud and, later, turned into a categorical term, which transmitted the totality of human Vices and related actions: immorality (including sexual behavior), debauchery, etc., and which is usually rendered in English as “excessive, licentious, obscene”. It is stated, that the spread of “mud music”, born by ethnical (barbarian) musical folklore, within the native Chinese social and cultural compound was considered by the Chinese thinkers to be the embodiment of its spiritual degradation, starting with the ruling elite. The growing popularity of “mud music” aggravated the further fall of the public moral foundations, inevitably leading to the decease of the state. At the end of this millennium, the ideas of “mud music” were transferred to poetic creativity. As a result, it is assumed that the Chinese philosophy and aesthetic thought were originally inherent in the notions of creative activity, expressing the most Vile human qualities and aspirations, and which was endowed with the ability to render debasing impact on the individual, human society and the world order.
Trading zones and boundary objects: To the typology
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maslanov Evgeniy V.
Published: April 2023

Based on the concept of boundary objects and gift exchange, the article proposes a classification of trading zones. Boundary objects are material or abstract objects that are used by various social groups. Following from their joint use, it is possible to build a common field of understanding. The exchange of gifts, such as knowledge, skills, various competencies, and material and technical resources, starts the process of forming trading zones, i. e. spaces of coordination of activities and beliefs of various social groups. Based on the analysis of the concepts of boundary objects and the exchange of gifts, three types of trading zones can be distinguished. In the first type, the exchange takes place within the scientific community boundary objects function as objects of science, and participants in the trading zone have a similar institutional status. In the second, the exchange of gifts takes place between scientists and non-scientists who aspire to become scientists. Scientists have institutional advantages here, since they can bring their scientific knowledge as a gift, while non-scientists are only able to accept this gift. In response, they can share solely the cultural elements of scientific knowledge. However, partly these elements are already built in the knowledge of scientists. The third type again implies the interaction of scientists and non-scientists, but here both have a similar institutional status. The main task of trading zones of this type is the formation of associations and alliances between social actors of various types to meet joint interests. In this case, boundary objects are used on equal terms both as scientific and sociocultural entities.
Sculpture of the Christ of Sorrows from Belarus
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Bazhenova Olga D.
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the history and style, the levels of the addition of the cult of the statue of the Christ of Sorrows (also known as the Man of Sorrows) from the Holy Trinity Church in the town of Ros’ in Belarus (Grodno Region). This church is a well-known sanctuary of Christ of Sorrows, a place of worship for believers from all over Belarus and other countries. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the issue of dating the sculpture within the boundaries of 1611–1618 has been resolved and its Neo-Gothic style, which developed in the symbiosis of the late Renaissance and early Baroque, with the Neo-Gothic accent characteristic for the early 17th century, which was considered the “new style” in Northern Europe at that time, has been determined. The sculpture was a reflection of the concept of Andachtsbild — a specific genre of art, the purpose of which is to excite the pious thoughts and intentions of the believer. Today, a sufficient number of sculptures of the Christ of Sorrows are known in museums and the existing churches of Belarus. There are even more indications of their presence in archival documents, both in Catholic and Orthodox shrines. This material is intended to show the meanings that affirm the obligatory nature of the images of the Christ of Sorrows in Eastern European art and the inevitability of its appearance (acceptance) at certain points in a large area from Western Europe to Eastern Europe in historical time. Sculpture in Ros’ is that unique example of a transitional time, when the art of Eastern Europe turned to the creation of early Baroque forms, synthesizing the forms of Gothic and Renaissance (Mannerism) in a certain conceptual direction of internal meditative practice, personal prayer.
The Necessity Upgrading the Standard AttributeInformation DB of Han-characters
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Heo Chul , Cho SungDuk
Published: April 2023

This paper discussed the data information, the most basic information collection for the use of Han-characters in Korea, the necessity of upgrading, and finally, the method of upgrading.
Han-characters are a collection of information that has a formal meaning. Han- are expressed in numerous visual signs for reasons that cannot deviate from the properties of the characters in the table. Currently, there are more than 80,000 characters developed by Unicode. These 80,000 characters not only have different shapes, but also have various information such as pitch and meaning information accordingly, as well as bookkeeping, stroke count, and components. We call this attribute information. According to this attribute information, Han-characters can be arranged, listed, searched, and used. In some cases, metadata may be included in the attribute information. Metadata is a source, its own type, child relationship, consonant relationship, and type relationship.
Accurate Han-character attribute information is needed to organize and use Han-characters because the Han- character attribute information becomes the standard for searching and using characters. Nevertheless, it is often difficult to implement a standardized search system because there are still many errors in the dictionary, dictionary, and attribute information applied to the Unicode character search machine in Korea.
This paper aims to clarify the necessity of upgrading by reviewing the problem of “music” and transfer problems included in the attribute information DB of Han-characters.
A Study on Criticism and Skeptical Acceptance of Gwamun by Scholars in Joseon Dynasty
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Kim Gi-Yeop
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the controversies surrounding criticism and skeptical acceptance of learning Gwamun among scholars of the Joseon Dynasty in order to explore their academic orientation and perception of reality.
Yi Ik(李瀷) is one of the scholars who strongly refused Gwamun, and he pointed out that Gwamun adversely affects the writing of sentences as well as scholars and causes deterioration of the country and customs. The main reasons for criticizing and raising problems against Gwamun were widely divided into the attitude of criticizing Gwamun and revering the classical literature, issues related to cultivation of mind and ethical behavior, and emphasis on educational features for keeping an eye on the insincere customs of scholars. Yi Sik(李植), Yi Soo-kwang(李睟光), and Yi Jeong- gui(李廷龜) praised the outstanding writing skills of the others and they shared the same attitude of criticizing Gwamun system and revering the classical literature. Meanwhile, Ki Dae-seung(奇大升), Lee Hyeon-il(李玄逸), and Ahn Jung-bok(安鼎福) emphasized an idea of studying for oneself and criticized that learning Gwamun would eventually interfere with the fundamental purpose of studying, which is to practice ethics and pursue right path. Shim Eon-gwang(沈彦光) and Park Se-dang(朴世堂) advised staying alert against the conventions of scholars who were devoted to the civil service exam and hoped that studies of scriptures would be helpful.
On the other hand, The skeptical acceptance of Gwamun in aspects of reality and social backgrounds is divided as the mean to express the accumulated knowledge and learning, choice for supporting parents and reviving the family, demands for Gwamun, and educational function of Seowon(Confucian academy). Jung Yak-yong(丁若鏞) taught students on how to learn Gwamun and said that learning Gwamun and passing the civil service exam are the only ways to serve the king. Yun Gi(尹愭) explained how he had to learn Gwamun to support the family and parents. Yi Sang- jung(李象靖) also emphasized on the fundamental function of Seowon, which focuses on pursuit of studies while encouraging getting prepared for the civil service exam at the same time. These examples show that the realistic expectation for passing the civil service exam and gaining fame resulted in encouragement and demand for Gwamun.
This study examined the criticism and acceptance of Gwamun during the Joseon Dynasty that focused on Confucianism and valued the attitude of keeping an aloof attitude from the civil service exam while taking a glance at how scholars discussed Gwamun and classical literature.
كاریگەرێتی فەیسبوك لەسەر پێكهاتنی رای گشتی
Authors: Muemen Adil Hama Arif
Published: April 2023

ئەم توێژینەوەیە بەناونیشانی (كاریگەرێتی فەیسبوك لەسەر پێكهاتنی رای گشتی خوێندكارانی زانكۆی سلێمانی بە نموونە)، باس لە دوو گۆڕاو دەكات كە ئەوانیش فەیسبوك و رای گشتین، ڕادەی كاریگەرێتی یەكەم لەسەر دووەم دیاردەكات، ئەویش لەرێی دابەشكردنی فۆرمی راپرسیەوە بەسەر سامپڵی توێژینەوەكەدا، بەئامانجی وەڵامدانەوەی پرسی: ئایا فەیسبوك توانیوێتی دیدێك لای جەماوەرێكی دیاریكراو بسازێنێت سەبارەت بە بابەتێكی دیاریكراو كە لەوەوپێش هیچ زانیارییەك نەبووبێت لەسەری، یان هەبووبێت بەڵام پەرت و بڵاو بووبێت و ئەم رێكی خستبێتەوە یان ئەم گۆڕانی بەسەر دیدەكەدا هێنابێت و دایڕشتبێتەوە؟ توێژینەوەكە دەكەوێتە دوای ئەم ئامانجە و لەكۆتاییدا بەئەنجامی دەگەیەنێت.
ئەم توێژینەوەیە، توێژینەوەیەكی (وەسفی)یە و بۆ تاوتوێكردنی لایەنی (كردەنی)یەكەشی پشت بە ڕێكاری (ڕووماڵكاری/مسحی) بەستراوە و لە ڕێی پیادەكردن و بەگەڕخستنی (ڕاپێوینامە)یەكی تایبەتەوە بۆ ئەو مەبەستە. پرسیارەكان لە خوێندكارانی بەشی راگەیاندن- قۆناغی چوارەم لە زانكۆی سلێمانی كراوە دەربارەی كاریگەرێتی فەیسبوك لەسەر پێكهاتنی رای گشتی.. توێژینەوەكە بەو ئەنجامە گەیشتووە كە فەیسبوك هەندێجار كاریگەریی هەبووە لە پێكهاتنی رای گشتیدا و توانیویەتی كاریگەری لەسەر بۆچوون دابنێت دەربارەی بابەتێكی دیاریكراو، هەروەها هاوكاربووە لە دروستبوونی دیدێكی جێگیرو پتەو لەسەر پرسەكان و هەندێجار توانیویەتی دابینكەری زانیاریی جێ مەبەستیش بێت سەبارەت بە پرسە جیاوازەكان و ئەم دەرەنجامانە لەناواخنی توێژینەوەكەدا بە ژمارە و داتا خراونەتە ڕوو.