bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Models of interaction between civil society and government through the citizens' appeals
Authors: Bikov Igor' Igorevich
Published: October 2024

The object of the study is the interaction of civil society and government in modern political systems. The subject of the study is the models of interaction between civil society and government through the institution of appeals. The author examines the transformation of ideas about civil society, studies its functions, and formulates a definition of civil society. Special attention is paid to the forms of interaction between civil society and the government. The author identifies the following forms of interaction: appeals, public hearings, civic forums and discussions, referendums, voting, public events. The author calls the institute of appeals as a universal form of interaction between the government and civil society. The models of interaction between civil society and government identified by scientists are being studied. Some models assume passive participation of citizens in the process of reviewing appeals. Other models involve active collaboration to develop joint solutions. The analysis method and the modeling method were used in the study. The analysis method was used to study the basic concepts related to the interaction of civil society and government through the institution of appeals. The modeling method allows us to explore various scenarios of interaction between civil society and government through the institution of appeals, and predict the possible consequences of such interaction. The scientific novelty of the research is the author's vision of the classification of models that allow us to study in detail the interaction of civil society and government through the institution of appeals. The main conclusions of the study are the facts that there are different forms of interaction between civil society and government. An important form is interaction through the institution of appeals. The Institute of Appeals allows citizens to speak out about their problems and ask for help from the government. The government receives feedback from the population and takes it into account when making decisions. There are various models of interaction between civil society and government. The government can use a specific model depending on the specific case. The choice of the model may be influenced by the subject of the appeal, the content of the appeal, the level of legal awareness of the representative of the government considering the appeal.
The role of acts of the judicial community in the development of ideas about the moral and ethical status of judges
Authors: Klement'eva Veronika Igorevna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is formed by the principles and norms of Russian law regulating legal relations, determining the legal status of judicial community bodies, as well as materials of law enforcement practice, revealing the content and role of acts, in particular, councils of judges, which currently actually share many functions of judicial activity on issues of ongoing judicial reform and the formation of a trusting attitude of society towards the judiciary, the court and the state. The author notes that judicial ethics, which is a system of professional values based on the principle of self-government of judges, makes a special contribution to the development of ideas about the moral and ethical status of judges. The present study was carried out based on traditional general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, etc.), and methods of legal science (system analysis, formal legal, etc.). The article reveals the importance of acts of the judicial community as a legal regulator of the moral and ethical status of judges in the Russian Federation. The special role of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation and its specialized ethics commission is noted, as well as the role of regional councils of judges in forming ideas about the content of the moral and ethical position of judges. The study includes an overview of some conclusions of the Ethics Commission of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation adopted in 2023. The author concludes: despite the fact that at present the legal nature of the acts of the judicial community bodies is debatable, the results of the activity of the councils of judges have a significant impact on the formation of uniform law enforcement practice in the context of individual regulation of judicial activity.
Modern legal regulation of administrative control and supervisory procedures
Authors: Morozov Sergei Andreevich
Published: October 2024

The implementation of administrative reform in the Russian Federation, which affected various areas of public administration, including the control and supervisory sphere, caused drastic transformations in the activities of authorities implementing the functions of state control (supervision). The adoption in 2020 of a number of federal laws, and especially Federal Law No. 248-FZ dated 07/31/2020 "On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation" radically changed not only the forms of state control (supervision), the composition of administrative actions, the system of guarantees for the protection of the rights and freedoms of controlled persons, but above all – in legal regulation. Within the framework of this article, the author analyzes the existing modern regulatory and legal regulation of the establishment, implementation and execution of administrative control and supervisory procedures. To conduct the research, the legal methods themselves were used, including the comparative legal method, the formal legal method, and the method of interpreting law. As a result of studying the theoretical and regulatory aspects of the topic under study, the author identifies four levels of regulation of this type of administrative procedures: constitutional and legal (consolidation of the principles and rights and freedoms of citizens protected by the Constitution of the Russian Federation), the level of federal laws (the basis for regulating control and supervisory procedures containing framework regulations), the level of subordinate regulatory legal acts (provisions on the types of federal state control (supervision), administrative regulations), as well as the level of acts accompanying the conduct of state control (supervision), the characteristics of the main normative legal acts regulating the implementation by state control (supervision) bodies of administrative control and supervisory procedures, including the federal law "On State Control", administrative regulations, regulations on the types of state control (supervision), as well as measures to improve them are proposed.
Implementation of reference norms of law: theoretical and practical aspects
Authors: Khovantsev Alexey  Sergeevich
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the features and problematic aspects of the implementation of the reference norms of law. The use of reference norms is aimed at the implementation of dispositive rules permitted by the state and presented within the established limits and sizes. To date, the current legislation contains a significant number of reference rules of law. Therefore, it is of scientific interest to conduct research within the framework of the process of their actual implementation in public and legal life. At the moment, there are various processes and ways to implement the reference norms of law into legal reality. The reference norms have received their direct embodiment and effect in four classical forms of law: observance, execution, use and application. Based on this, the subject of scientific research is the reference norms contained in normative legal acts and the direct implementation of law enforcement activities. Dialectical, logical, comparative legal and formal legal methods of cognition are used as research methods. The novelty of the research is predetermined by the understanding of reference norms as a legal phenomenon, the disclosure of the specifics of their implementation, and the identification of problems in law enforcement. The author comes to the conclusion that the implementation of reference norms consists in influencing the will and consciousness of participants in legal relations in order to encourage them to behave in accordance with the reference prescriptions and achieve certain results in which the law-making subject is interested. Attention is drawn to the fact that sometimes law enforcement officers misunderstand the reference norms of law, confusing the latter with blank prescriptions, or perceive reference and declarative norms as synonymous concepts. In conclusion, it is summarized that the systemic connection of reference norms with other legal regulations reflects the specifics of the relationship between them, which, on the one hand, ensures the achievement of the required effectiveness of legal provisions, and, on the other, eliminates their inconsistency.
Democracy and the problems of its legal support in the content of the political and legal ideal
Authors: Lykov Andrey Yurievich
Published: October 2024

The subject of this study is democracy as the concept of «political and legal ideal» and the problems of its legal support. In the analysis of modern scientific and legal works and sociological reports, the authors postulate the thesis that democratic institutions in many countries have encountered new challenges of objective reality. Overcoming the latter seems possible through the application of individual theoretical concepts and the corresponding modification of legal regulation. To achieve this goal, an attempt was made to solve the problems of general characteristics of modern problems of democracy, consideration of the influence of national and transnational corporations on democracy, definition of variants of an effective electoral system of the state, as well as establishment of legal means preventing distortion of the content of constitutional norms. The methodological basis of the study consists of analysis, synthesis, dialectical and system-analytical methods. Formal-legal and comparative-legal methods are used to analyze domestic, foreign and international legal acts. The authors consider proposals for changing the current legislation regulating certain social relations to be a special contribution to the study of the topic. Those include adopting a federal law regulating the political participation of national and transnational corporations, changing the electoral system of the state by expanding the indirect election system and the role of representative government, as well as the possibility of amending the legislation, which is designed to ensure the independence of the judicial bodies by introducing the election of leading positions of this branch of government by judges and from among judges. The proposals presented by the authors can serve as a basis for further improvement of legal regulation, as well as contribute to the development of a unified position on the part of the scientific community on the controversial issues addressed in the work.
Political and legal proposals for leveling sanctions imposed by unfriendly states against the securities market of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kiselev Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: October 2024

Over the past two years, many sanctions have been imposed on our country by unfriendly states, which were aimed at various financial markets, in particular, the securities market. Based on the analysis, some political and legal proposals are formulated and presented in the article, which, in the author's opinion, can minimize and subsequently offset the negative consequences of the imposed sanctions. Special attention was paid to the sanctions of unfriendly states, which affected the insurance market of the Russian Federation, as well as measures taken by the Government of the Russian Federation, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, and other public authorities. Methodology: the author used analysis, synthesis, dialectical method, modeling, analogy, induction and deduction, as well as the formal logical method. The main conclusions of the study are: it is necessary to diversify the customer base of holders of Russian securities by creating attractive preferential conditions for them. This allows us to expand the sphere of influence of domestic companies and enter the largest markets in Asia, South America and Africa. In this regard, it seems advisable to create strategies for cooperation and partnership with foreign depositories and their financial institutions by signing international agreements. The author comes to the conclusion that one of the key factors in the development of the securities market is the increase in the issuance of social bonds. Social investment instruments are increasingly in demand and trusted in many developed countries. At the moment, the social bond market in our country is just being formed, nevertheless, the final goal promises good prospects. Accordingly, the issue of social bonds can relieve the budget and help with the implementation of many construction projects.
Numerical methods for finding the roots of polynomials with real and complex coefficients
Authors: Sklyar Alexander Yakovlevich
Published: October 2024

The subject of the article is the consideration and analysis of a set of algorithms for numerically finding the roots of polynomials, primarily complex ones based on methods for searching for an approximate decomposition of the initial polynomials into multipliers. If the numerical finding of real roots usually does not cause difficulties, then a number of difficulties arise with finding complex roots. This article proposes a set of algorithms for sequentially finding multiple roots of polynomials with real roots, then real roots by highlighting intervals that potentially contain roots and obviously do not contain them, and then complex roots of polynomials. To find complex roots, an iterative approximation of the original polynomial by the product of a trinomial by a polynomial of a lesser degree is used, followed by the use of the tangent method in the complex domain in the vicinity of the roots of the resulting trinomial. To find the roots of a polynomial with complex coefficients, we propose a solution to an equivalent problem with real coefficients.  The implementation of the tasks is carried out by step-by-step application of a set of algorithms. After each stage, a group of roots is allocated and the same problem is solved for a polynomial of lesser degree. The sequence of the proposed algorithms makes it possible to find all the real and complex roots of the polynomial. To find the roots of a polynomial with real coefficients, an algorithm is constructed that includes the following main steps: determining multiple roots with a corresponding decrease in the degree of the polynomial; allocating a range of roots; finding intervals that are guaranteed to contain roots and finding them, after their allocation, it remains to find only pairs of complex conjugate roots; iterative construction of trinomials that serve as an estimate of the values of such pairs with minimal the accuracy sufficient for their localization; the actual search for roots in the complex domain by the tangent method. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is polynomial and does not exceed the cube of the degree of the polynomial, which makes it possible to obtain a solution for almost any polynomials arising in real problems. The field of application, in addition to the polynomial equations themselves, is the problems of optimization, differential equations and optimal control that can be reduced to them.
Fine-tuning neural networks for the features of a dataset in the speaker verification task using transfer learning
Authors: Trofimova Varvara Sergeevna , Karshieva Polina Konstantinovna , Rakhmanenko Ivan Andreevich
Published: October 2024

The subject of this study is neural networks, trained using transfer learning methods tailored to the specific characteristics of the dataset. The object of the study is machine learning methods used for solving speaker verification tasks. The aim of the research is to improve the efficiency of neural networks in the task of speaker verification. In this work, three datasets in different languages were prepared for the fine-tuning process: English, Russian, and Chinese. Additionally, an experimental study was conducted using modern pre-trained models ResNetSE34L and ResNetSE34V2, aimed at enhancing the efficiency of neural networks in text-independent speaker verification. The research methodology includes assessing the effectiveness of fine-tuning neural networks to the characteristics of the dataset in the speaker verification task, based on the equal error rate (EER) of Type I and Type II errors. A series of experiments were also conducted, during which parameters were varied, and layer freezing techniques were applied. The maximum reduction in the equal error rate (EER) when using the English dataset was achieved by adjusting the number of epochs and the learning rate, reducing the error by 50%. Similar parameter adjustments with the Russian dataset reduced the error by 63.64%. When fine-tuning with the Chinese dataset, the lowest error rate was achieved in the experiment that involved freezing the fully connected layer, modifying the learning rate, and changing the optimizer—resulting in a 16.04% error reduction. The obtained results can be used in the design and development of speaker verification systems and for educational purposes. It was also concluded that transfer learning is effective for fine-tuning neural networks to the specific characteristics of a dataset, as a significant reduction in EER was achieved in the majority of experiments, indicating improved speaker recognition accuracy.
The evolution of the Semantic Web technologies: problems and prospects
Authors: Lukichev Ruslan Vladimirovich
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of key Semantic Web technologies, the analysis of their features, problematic aspects and growth points, which seems especially relevant in the context of import substitution and improving national information security. Special attention is paid to RDF graphs, which are based on an ontology-oriented approach, as well as the OWL language as the main tool for organizing machine-readable data structures with complex relationships between entities, a hierarchy of classes and properties. Attention is also paid to the limitations associated with the security of semantic databases, the need for their simplification, standardization and development of specialized software that meets usability criteria are analyzed. In addition, the prospects for further improvement of these technologies in the context of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are outlined. The article uses a comprehensive methodological framework, which implies the use of mainly general scientific methods, in particular, systematic and analytical. The article summarizes and analyzes current developments related to the Semantic Web technologies, which made it possible to identify a number of problems that need to be solved. First of all, the tools available today often have a high entry threshold, are characterized by an excessively complex, featureless interface without functions of complementary prompts and query visualization. Moreover, the Semantic Web languages need standardization and the introduction of a common protocol in order to simplify the process of working with multiformat data aggregated from different sources. Other important issues are ensuring the reliability and relevance of information, its integrity and confidentiality, as well as the contextual conditionality of logical conclusions and compliance with user requests. Among the key prospects is the creation of an intelligent autonomous environment in which devices can freely exchange data and interact with each other at the semantic level in order to provide high-quality personalized services. The provisions of the article can be taken as a basis for the development of domestic systems for structuring and describing data available for machine processing, as well as specialized lecture courses in higher education institutions.
Psychocorrective care for palliative cancer patients in a hospital setting
Authors: Rublyova Tatiana YUr'evna , Lisnyak Marina Anatol'evna , Daineko Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2024

Currently, special attention is being paid to improving the efficiency and quality of medical care for palliative cancer patients. However, the problems faced by patients and their loved ones affect not only the physical health of these patients, but also their emotional sphere. In this regard, the aim of the study was to compare the meaningful and dynamic characteristics of the emotional state of palliative cancer patients receiving and not receiving psychocorrective care. The subject of the study is the possibility of correcting the emotional state in palliative cancer patients through the use of visualization, relaxation, and art therapy methods. Experimental sample of the study: 33 patients of oncological palliative profile aged 38 to 65 years. In the course of the study, the authors studied the psychological characteristics of these patients. Special attention is paid to the development and implementation of a program aimed at providing psychocorrective support for palliative patients diagnosed with oncology in a hospital setting, in particular, to reduce anxiety levels and harmonize emotional state. Empirical methods: (Testing methods, group clinical conversation with patients, conducting a group psychological program. Research methods: The test "Index of life satisfaction" and its adaptation by N.V. Panina. The test "Toronto scale of alexithymia" TAS adaptation V.M.Bekhterev Institute. The personal scale of anxiety manifestation by J. Taylor, adaptation by T. A. Nemchinov. The presented work examines the possibilities of providing psychocorrective support to palliative patients diagnosed with oncology. The study revealed the peculiarities of the psyche, developed mechanisms for providing appropriate psychocorrective care, psychological interaction with the above category of people. A psychocorrection program has been developed and implemented aimed at reducing the level of anxiety, harmonizing the emotional state, working on the phenomenon of death and acceptance of the phenomenon of dying, working on anxiety, working on the search and activation of resource states. Testing of the program on an experimental group of palliative patients showed positive results. It was possible to reduce the level of anxiety and alexithymia. To achieve positive dynamics in life satisfaction indicators. The obtained research results will contribute to the creation of an empirical and practical basis for psychocorrective support for palliative patients.
"Imagining a character...": novel discourse in the memoirs of A. E. Labzina
Authors: Roshchina Olga Sergeevna
Published: October 2024

The aim of the work is to study the narrative discourse in the memoirs of Labzina. Speaking about Labzina's memoirs, the researchers note completely different features of their architectonics. A. Vacheva, focusing on the depicted character, believes that the memoirist focuses primarily on hagiographic discourse. Yu. M. Lotman, paying attention to the writing author and his methods of text generation, fixes the making of Labzina's memoirs according to the laws of artistic creativity. This, according to the author of the article, is already connected with the stylization of the novelistic discourse. It is concluded that the pretext of the memoirs is S. Richardson's novel Pamela or Rewarded Virtue. The novelty of the work lies in the identification and research of novel discourse in the autobiographical narrative of Labzina. The imitation of the poetics of Richardson's first novel is due to the fact that his discourse, with its repeated description of the plot situation of the virtue's temptation and the presentation of the heroine as innocent, meek and pious, whom everyone around invariably loves, is best able to combine with the hagiographic. However, the text of the memoirs reveals discrepancies in the character and actions of the real auto-heroine with the ideal novel's image. She is capable of self-will, seeks to control her husband with the help of his immediate superiors, her lack of education in matters of gender in dealing with other men is questionable. The analysis of the narrative discourse of Labzina's memoirs allows us to identify one of the vectors in the process of fictionalization of autobiographical narrative in the literary process of Russian literature in the second half of the XVIII – early XIX century – the self-identification of the author of memoirs with a literary hero and the stylization of novel discourse.
The pragmatic possibilities of the creolized texts in the Italian’s Army yearbooks
Authors: Zotova Sofiia
Published: October 2024

The article considers the pragmatic possibilities of the creolized texts of the yearbooks of the Italian Army. The author analyzes eleven yearbooks and about two hundred creolized texts for the period from 2010 to 2021. The object of the research is the yearbooks of the Army with creolized content. The subject of the research is the verbal and iconic components of the yearbooks' texts. The main purpose of the study is to identify the pragmatic functions of verbal and iconic components of the text of military yearbooks, reflecting the main values of society. The author considers the text of military yearbooks from the position of the speech acts theory and analyzes the locutionary and illocutionary levels in order to draw a conclusion about the perlocutionary level, namely, whether the author achieves a perlocutionary effect and with the help of what verbal and iconic means there is a change in the consciousness and feelings of the addressee. The methodological basis of the study are the works on linguopragmatics, the theory of polycode, creolized text and multimodal text. The research methods include: the method of continuous sampling, lexical analysis, comparison and synthesis of the analysis results. The scientific novelty of the research is the first time study of the Italian creolized text in the military sublanguage. The material of the study, printed yearbooks of the Italian Army, haven't been subjected to analysis before. The linguopragmatic analysis of research material allowed us to study the content and semantic integrity of the creolized text and the synthesis provided us with conclusions about the pragmatic function of its semiotically heterogeneous components. Although iconic and verbal components don't perform the function of image creation themselves, the distribution of pragmatic functions between the message and the picture contributes to the positive image of the Italian Army.
Logical and linguistic features of conductive arguments in environmental media discourse
Authors: Barebina Natalya Sergeevna , Zibrov Dmitrii Anatol'evich
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the logical and grammatical structure of conclusions. The object of the study is conductive arguments. The authors of the article consider the implementation of such arguments in an environmental media discourse. Unlike formal logic, natural language argumentation is more often based on examples, analogies and reasoning that do not ensure the full truth of conclusions, since they can only be true with a certain degree of probability. Probabilistic arguments can have different interpretations and lead to different conclusions. A variety of such arguments is the class of conductive arguments. These are arguments that contradict other arguments presented in support of a particular conclusion. The study of conductive arguments is relevant because their role in argumentation has been little studied. In addition, environmental topics in the media give contextual characteristics to the argumentation, which makes it possible to trace the change in logical canons in reasoning. The method of reconstruction of argumentative discourse using the analytical tool "Argumentative Step" was used in the work. The elements of argumentation were analyzed in accordance with the model of argumentative functions. A theoretical analysis of the literature has shown that conductive elements in the process of argumentation do not receive sufficient coverage in Russian argumentology. The analysis of empirical material revealed a significant number of non-deductive conclusions in the argumentation. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. Conductive arguments are an immanent part of the proof structure. 2. The textual constructions corresponding to the conductive arguments reflect the semantics of the counterthesis, the balance between arguments, reservations, as well as the extension of the thesis, that is, the expansion of the scope of the thesis. In the analyzed texts in English, markers of opposition and limitations were found, such as conjunctions, particles, prepositions "but", "even", "although", "even if", "in spite of", "despite of", "unless". These markers indicate the presence of conductive arguments in the text.
The composition of the protocol in the official religious language style
Authors: LUO DI
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the specificity of composition in a religious style. The object of the study is the protocols in the official religious language. The author examines in detail such aspects as the composition of various parts of the protocol genre in a religious style as stated and final, or certification (decided) parts. Special attention is paid to the part "listened to" and "resolved". In the ascertaining or substantive part (listened to), the participants of the meeting of the Holy Synod use various documents, including a report, a message, a petition and a proposal. Verb infinitives, derived nominative and adverbial prepositions, and conjunctions in phrases with nouns are often used in the final or certifying (resolved) part of the documents in order to show the accuracy and rigor of the content of decision-making. The article analyzes the uniqueness of the protocol genre using the categorical-textual method developed at the Ural scientific School of Linguoculturology and stylistics. The main conclusion of the study is that a protocol in a religious style usually has the following compositional blocks: a title fixing the genre and date of the meeting, the chairman, the full name of the meeting, the venue of the meeting, a detailed list of permanent members of the Holy Synod and a complete list of those invited to the meeting; the number of the journal (protocol); the "listened to" block, which contains the agenda of the meeting; the block "decided", which contains the decisions taken on a specific issue. The composition of the protocol in a religious style is generally similar to the traditional composition of the protocol in a secular environment, as it includes parts "listened to" and "decided upon". The difference is in absence of the "conclusion" block in the religious protocol, as well as the presence of a variable "stating" part of the judgment. For a deeper understanding of this genre, the perspective is to study the linguistic features of the protocol genre.
The poetics of F. G. Lorca's play "Yerma" translated by N. L. Trauberg and A. M. Geleskula
Authors: Sitnikova Inna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the poetics of the translation of Federico Garcia Lorca's play "Yerma" (1934). The object of the study is the text of the original play in Spanish and its translation into Russian, made by N. L. Trauberg (prose) and A.M. Geleskul (poetry) and published in the edition "Federico Garcia Lorca. Selected works in 2 volumes" in 1975. The article examines the features of the poetics of Garcia Lorca's play "Yerma": lyricism, basic motifs, traditions of the Spanish folk song art of Cante hondo. The points of view of researchers regarding the genre originality and poetics of the play, the position of translators are given. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the perception of the poetics of the play and their reconstruction in translation into Russian. To conduct the research, the method of structural and motivic analysis was used to identify the features of the structure of the play and its main motives. The use of the comparative method made it possible to identify the similarities and differences between the poetics of the original text and the translation. The main conclusions of the study are to identify the proximity of the poetics of translation to the poetics of the original, the preservation by translators of the poetics characteristic of drama, such as lyricism, elements of the stylistics of the folk art of kante hondo, the transfer of the expressivity of the original, the creation of a common atmosphere of the "tragic poem" and the "lyrical" image of the main character. The authors of the translation strive not only to preserve the national flavor of the Spanish text, but also to "bring" the play closer to the Russian reader and viewer. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to conduct a comparative analysis of the original text and translation of Garcia Lorca's play "Yerma" and to identify the features of its reconstruction in Russian in connection with the problem of reception of folklore traditions peculiar to Lorca's dramaturgy and the realization of the author's idea.
Landscape in the novel by Honore de Balzac "Letters of two brides": motifs of heaven and hell
Authors: Gainutdinova Dar'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2024

This article research subject are features of landscape descriptions in the novel by Honore de Balzac «Letters of Two Brides». The novel was written in 1841 and is included in «Scenes of private life», which the writer dedicates it to Georges Sand. The author of the article bases the analysis of Balzac’s book on the landscape descriptions given by L. N. Dmitriyevskaya. She defines the landscape as an artistic image of nature, a «portrait» of the soul and person’s worldview and an image of the world. The landscapes in the novel are multifaceted and include a love motive related to the development of one of the main themes of «Scenes from private life» - topics of women’s happiness. It is manifested in two variations: amour spiritualis (spiritual love) and amour infernalis (love to oneself, love-passion). In the course of work we use historical-literary method, cultural-historical method and method of motive analysis. The relevance and novelty of research is related to the significance of the creativity of Honoré de Balzac in the history of world literature, the constant interest of foreign and domestic scientists to problems of writer’s style and attention to modern literacy study to the ethics of descriptions as an important element of the artistic world and low knowledge of the characteristics of the Balzac’s narrative technique. Landscape descriptions in the novel by Honore de Balzac «Letters of Two Brides» are considered as an important compositional element in the narrative structure. They serve as an exposure to each new stage of heroines’ life. Nature descriptions become «portraits of soul», reflecting the difference in the natures of girls. And yet the landscape becomes one of the main image system components, forming the symbolic space of heaven or hell.
The phenomenon of political correctness in English and Uzbek languages
Authors: Alimov Timur Ermekovich , Van Guanfu
Published: October 2024

The object of the research work is the phenomenon of political correctness in Uzbek linguistic culture through the prism of the English language. Considering the large number of linguistic means of explication, namely euphemistic substitutes, which are the result of the expression of political correctness and the subject of this study. The purpose of the research work is to reveal the phenomenon of political correctness in modern English and Uzbek languages, in particular the linguistic aspect of this phenomenon. The scientific novelty of the research work is determined by the fact that it is the first attempt to comprehensively consider the functioning of politically correct vocabulary not only in English, but also in the Uzbek language. Since many works are devoted specifically to political correctness in the English language, examples in Uzbek discourse are usually given in insufficient quantities so that one can judge the role of political correctness in Uzbek linguistic culture. The results of the research work revealed the sociocultural and linguistic aspects of political correctness, revealing new trends in the English language and social practices that meet the requirements of inclusive communication. It is shown that in Uzbekistan this concept is developing in its own ways, but its dynamics and linguistic embodiment are under strong Western influence. The difficulties of politically correct intercultural communication are revealed, which, to varying degrees of prevalence in the English and Uzbek languages, depends on different cultural values, religious beliefs, value orientations, and socio-economic situation.
Instrumental case of nouns in contexts of adverbialization, modulation and particulation
Authors: Shigurov Viktor Vasil'evich , Shigurova Tat'yana Alekseevna
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that linguistic units of different parts of speech and inter-part-of-speech semantic-syntactic categories closely interact with each other, forming numerous transition zones with peripheral and hybrid structures that allow for a brief but capacious transmission of complex information. The mechanism of linguistic transposition, the nature of which is not entirely clear, is a means of creating syncretic forms. The purpose of the work is to describe the features of the interaction of adverbialization, modalization and particulation processes in the structure of instrumental case forms of nouns. The object of analysis is word forms that are to some extent subject to transposition into adverbs, particles and introductory-modal words, the subject of consideration is the stages, features and limit of their adverbialization, modalization and particulation. The novelty of the work is determined by the methodology of oppositional analysis of grammatically contradictory material. The study is based on structural-semantic, lexicographic, comparative methods, linguistic experiment, elements of distributional and component analysis. The study showed that some forms of the instrumental case of nouns are involved in the processes of adverbialization, modalization and particulation in the Russian language. The main features, stages and limits of their categorical transformation are shown. A distinction is made between the grammatical type of transposition of linguistic units from the class of nouns into adverbs and introductory-modal words and the lexical-grammatical type associated with word formation. Criteria for distinguishing part-of-speech homonyms arising during adverbialization, modalization and particulation of forms of the instrumental case of nouns are outlined.
The prototype in A. Varlamov's novel "The Mental Wolf"
Authors: Niu Yueqiu
Published: October 2024

This article is devoted to the study of prototypes in the novel "The Mental Wolf", the images of which are made up of both fictional and real characters. The author brought them out under other names, but the prototypes are easy to guess: Pavel Matveyevich Legkobytov is Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin, Alexander Stepanovich Savely Krud is Green, and Grigory Yefimovich Rasputin is a "peasant/elder/wanderer". The intertextual connections between the biographies of the prototypes and the novel demonstrate the author's intention to recreate the reality that he could not depict within the framework of a documentary biographical narrative. The reader and researcher are given a unique opportunity to observe how artistic reality is born on the basis of the life material of historical figures, refracted in the author's mind. The author himself has repeatedly given the key to understanding the novel's intent in his interviews, saying that he was able to express through fictional characters what he did not express in the biographies of the prototypes. The following research methods are used in the article: comparative, hermeneutical, comparative-typological, descriptive. With the help of a systematic approach, an analytical study of the prototypes in the novel is provided. Despite the coincidence of the factual material, Varlamov establishes a distance between the characters depicted in the novel and their prototypes, gives them new names, places them in slightly different event contexts. Thus, an artistic world is created on the interweaving of fiction and real events. Relevance is seen in addressing one of the key problems of literary criticism based on the material of the work of a modern author. It is the biographies of prototypes that become the core on which fictional events are strung and which determines the storylines of fictional characters. By virtue of the above, biography is neither a framework component nor an autonomous genre, but it becomes a kind of paradigm for the plot structure of the novel. And already in this paradigm, each of the characters is free to express their ideas, to argue about the present and future of Russia, to observe the era of historical social upheavals and wars.
The instrumental case of nouns through the prism of adverbialization and pronominalization
Authors: Shigurov Viktor Vasil'evich , Shigurova Tat'yana Alekseevna
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the research is due to the need to study the intersection zones of transposition processes in the system of parts of speech of the Russian language. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that it is the first attempt to identify the links between the stages and the limit of adverbial and pronominal transposition of nouns. The aim of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of step-by-step transposition of instrumental case forms of nouns into the categories of attributive-quantitative and adverbial-spatial adverbs, as well as into the categories of indefinite pronouns correlative with numerals and adverbs. The object of analysis is substantive word forms involved in the processes of adverbial and pronominal transposition, the subject of consideration is the stages and features of functional and functional-semantic adverbialization and pronominalization. To achieve the objectives, the following research methods were used: structural-semantic and lexicographic analysis, oppositional method, elements of distributional, transformational and componential analysis, linguistic experiment. It has been established that some noun word forms in the Russian language are involved in the transposition processes of adverbialization and pronominalization. The degree of their adverbial and pronominal transposition is not the same. Word forms such as "navalom", "mestamami" are subject to functional adverbialization occurring in the semantic zone of the original lexemes, and word forms such as "poryakom" are subject to functional-semantic adverbialization that violates the semantic identity of the original lexemes. It has been revealed that the grammatical or lexical-grammatical type of adverbialization of nouns can be associated with the initial or final stages of their pronominal transposition. Contexts demonstrating different stages of adverbialization and pronominalization of instrumental case forms of nouns have been determined.
Decoding reality and modeling an alternative factual field in media discourse
Authors: Starodubova Olga  Yurievna
Published: October 2024

The object of the research is the mechanisms of decoding real reality, on the one hand, as well as the features of modeling alternative eventfulness of an interpretative nature, on the other hand, within the framework of media discourse. The subject of the study is the ways of constructing a new reality as a system of concepts, the means of their objectification at the pragmatic and linguistic levels within the political segment of media discourse, using the example of briefing materials by the official representative of the Russian Foreign Ministry, M.V. Zakharova. At the same time, special attention is paid at the level of pragmatics to identifying tactics and strategies, nominations of subjects participating in communication, and at the linguistic level proper – precedent phenomena, discursive words, the nature of syntagmatics, features of stylistic labeling of individual nominations and other resources that contribute to modeling not so much a new factual field as its conceptual model. In the study of the political segment of media discourse based on the material of a polycode text, the author relies on the principles of anthropological linguodidactics, including a communicative-activity approach, cognitive-discursive methods are also used to identify the features of modeling the worldview. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the establishment of the fact of perlocution, actionality of media discourse, its undeniable influence on modeling the global picture of the world and broadcasting the Russian model of globalization, as well as its influence on the recipient's consciousness. In addition, it should be noted the linguistic and didactic potential of the political segment of media discourse, especially when studying the Russian language by foreigners. The novelty and special contribution of the author to the study of the specifics of the interpretation of the event field within the framework of the political segment of media discourse is the identification of an additional component in the conceptual opposition of one's own and someone else's – another, which is positioned as a segment of acceptance of otherness, which plays a key role in creating the Russian model of globalization based on the principles of universal parity. Against this background, political discourse becomes a source of valuable information not only of an eventful, but also of a conceptual nature for both speakers of linguistic consciousness and foreign speakers.
The role of holy wives' representations in the Medieval Rus' icons (XV–XVI centuries) with the main figure of St. Nicholas of Myra and the chosen saints
Authors: Pshenichnyi Petr Vladimirovich
Published: October 2024

In the ancient Russian art of the XV–XVI centuries, there are often works with the image of St. St. Nicholas of Myra, represented in various iconographic types and accompanied by images of holy wives. These monuments have a similar compositional structure. Among them, the most significant are those icons where the image of the Myrlician saint is placed in the centerpiece, and the figures of selected saints are represented in the margins. The subject of the study in this work is the corpus of monuments with the central image of St. Nicholas as well as the figures of the chosen saints in the fields and the images of female holiness in the margins. The purpose of this article is to determine the role of the figures of the holy women in these icon compositions by the example of monuments of a certain iconographic origin and to offer an interpretation of this previously insufficiently studied plot. To do this, we will resort to the iconographic method of research, which allows us to identify certain nuances of compositional construction, to reveal the spiritual content of the image. The method of comparative analysis is no less important in this work. The works of interest to us are united by the composition of the figures of the few holy women in the lower field, which are associated with evangelical events and the theme of steadfastness in faith (st. Paraskeva, st. Varvara or st. Ulyana), or have pronounced motives for appearing at the Last Judgment (St. Catherine). The stable tradition of depicting these holy women in the iconographic composition of these monuments suggests their correlation with the central image. We believe that they were designed to emphasize the idea of the intercession of the female saints and were organically into iconographic system.