bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics of a diffusive consumer‐resource model with explicit spatial memory
Authors: Song Yongli , Shi Junping , Wang Hao
Published: September 2021

Spatial memory is inevitable in animal movement modeling but elusive in many classical models. A nonlocal integral term involving space is a traditional way to incorporate spatial memory, but the actual spatial memory should depend on past information so that delay naturally arises. We propose a new consumer‐resource model with random and memory‐based diffusions in which the resource species has no memory or cognition, whereas the consumer species has spatial memory. By using the memory‐based diffusion coefficient and the averaged memory period of the consumer as the control parameters, we find Hopf bifurcations and stability switches occur and spatially nonhomogeneous periodic solutions are generated. It is well known that prey‐taxis enhances the stability of a homogeneous coexistence state in a predator–prey system, and here we show that memory‐based prey‐taxis can destabilize a constant coexistence and generate complex spatiotemporal pattern formation. Using the obtained theoretical results, we study the impact of the memory‐based diffusion on the consumer‐resource dynamics with Holling type‐I and type‐II functional responses.
Has Pandemic Threat Stoked Xenophobia? How COVID‐19 Influences California Voters’ Attitudes toward Diversity and Immigration*
Authors: Daniels Chelsea , DiMaggio Paul , Mora G. Cristina , Shepherd Hana
Published: September 2021

Sociological theory and historical precedent suggest that pandemics engender scapegoating of outgroups, but fail to specify how the ethnoracial boundaries defining outgroups are drawn. Using a survey experiment that primed half of the respondents (California registered voters) with questions about COVID‐19 during April 2020, we ask how the pandemic influenced attitudes toward immigration, diversity and affect toward Asian Americans. In the aggregate, the COVID prime did not affect attitudes toward immigrants, but did reduce support for policies opening a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants and reduced appreciation of California’s diversity. Respondents reported rarely feeling anger or fear toward Asian Americans, and rates were unaffected by the COVID prime. A non‐experimental comparison between attitudes toward immigrants in September 2019 and April 2020 found a positive change, driven by change among Asian‐American and Latino respondents. The results provide selective support for the proposition that pandemics engender xenophobia. At least in April 2020 in California, increased bias crimes against Asian Americans more likely reflected politicians’ authorization of scapegoating than broad‐based racial antagonism.
The ‘New Five Giants’—Conceptualising the challenges facing societal progress in the 21st century
Authors: Greener Ian
Published: September 2021

This paper takes an overview of the barriers to social progress 80 years on from the original Beveridge report (Beveridge, 1942). It argues we can identify and conceptualise five alternative ‘Giants’, relating these to social theory and social debates in the 21st century, and considering the prospects for progress against these new challenges. After considering Beveridge's original Giants in their context, it considers large‐scale theories of social change after 1942 and reviews what other ‘Giants’ writers have suggested in calls for a ‘new Beveridge’ and proposes inequality, preventable mortality, job quality, fragmenting democracy and environmental degradation as the most significant challenges we face, linking each to one of Beveridge's original Giants.
Assessing the performance of clinical diagnostic models for dehydration among patients with cholera and undernutrition in Bangladesh
Authors: Gainey Monique , Qu Kexin , Garbern Stephanie C. , Barry Meagan A. , Lee John Austin , Nasrin Sabiha , Monjory Mahmuda , Nelson Eric J. , Rosen Rochelle , Alam Nur H. , Schmid Christopher H. , Levine Adam C.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Accurately assessing dehydration severity is a critical step in reducing mortality from diarrhoea, but is complicated by cholera and undernutrition. This study seeks to assess the accuracy of two clinical diagnostic models for dehydration among patients over five years with cholera and undernutrition and compare their respective performance to the World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm.

Methods

In this secondary analysis of data collected from the NIRUDAK study, accuracy of the full and simplified NIRUDAK models for predicting severe and any dehydration was measured using the area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (AUC) among patients over five with/without cholera and with/without wasting. Bootstrap with 1000 iterations was used to compare the m‐index for each NIRUDAK model to that of the WHO algorithm.

Results

A total of 2,139 and 2,108 patients were included in the nutrition and cholera subgroups respectively with an overall median age of 35 years (IQR = 42) and 49.6% female. All subgroups had acceptable discrimination in diagnosing severe or any dehydration (AUC > 0.60); though the full NIRUDAK model performed best among patients without cholera, with an AUC of 0.82 (95%CI:0.79, 0.85) and among patients without wasting, with an AUC of 0.79 (95%CI:0.76, 0.81). Compared with the WHO’s algorithm, both the full and simplified NIRUDAK models performed significantly better in terms of their m‐index (p < 0.001) for all comparisons, except for the simplified NIRUDAK model in the wasting group.

Conclusions

Both the full and simplified NIRUDAK models performed less well in patients over five years with cholera and/or wasting; however, both performed better than the WHO algorithm.
The Role of Chicken Egg Shell Nano Hydroxyapatite as Fillers on the Surface Hardness of Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Effendi Muhammad Chair , Pratiwi Ariyati Retno , Afifah Fatimah , Taufiq Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Background In the last years, glass ionomer cement (GIC) has become an adhesive restorative material used to treat dental caries. However, GIC has relatively low surface hardness compared to other restorative materials that limit its performance.
El deducible en el seguro de responsabilidad civil en Colombia
Authors: Isaza Posse María Cristina
Published: September 2021

Se realiza una revisión del concepto de deducible en el contrato de seguro desde el punto de vista general, para luego precisar su aplicación, tratándose del seguro de responsabilidad civil en particular.
La responsabilidad civil derivada del uso de la inteligencia artificial y su aseguramiento
Authors: Tapia Hermida Alberto J.
Published: September 2021

Este estudio comienza exponiendo el incremento recíproco de la responsabilidad civil derivada del uso de la inteligencia artificial y su aseguramiento y los riesgos patrimoniales típicos derivados del uso de la inteligencia artificial. En su segunda parte, examina los diferentes aspectos de la responsabilidad civil derivada del uso de la inteligencia artificial: sus presupuestos y principios sobre la base de la Propuesta de Reglamento del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo relativo a la responsabilidad civil por el funcionamiento de los sistemas de inteligencia artificial y los requisitos necesarios para reclamar la responsabilidad civil derivada del uso de la inteligencia artificial. En su parte tercera, el estudio analiza el aseguramiento de la responsabilidad civil de los operadores de sistemas de inteligencia artificial exponiendo sus características, las partes del contrato de seguro, la delimitación sustancial del riesgo cubierto por referencia a los sistemas de inteligencia artificial y otros aspectos relevantes. El estudio acaba ofreciendo las conclusiones que se deducen de su contenido.
Dossier discapacidad y odontología
Authors: Figueroa Fernández Patricia , Scagnet Gabriela , Zegarra Huerta Graciela , Krämer Strenger Susanne , Tocora Rodríguez Juan Camilo , Carreño Henríquez Daniel , Carrillo Estrada Ángela , Delgado Troncoso Sandra Cecilia , Delgado Troncoso Jorge Enrique
Published: September 2021

Se presenta en este número el dossier Discapacidad y Odontología.
Tipos de inserción del frenillo labial superior asociado a diastemas en personas de 8 a 15 años del Cantón Mocha, Ecuador
Authors: Ocaña Caluña Christian Paul , Macías Ceballos Sandra Magdalena
Published: September 2021

Antecedentes: Los frenillos son estructuras a manera de pliegues de tejido conectivo que se insertan en el hueso maxilar superior. Esta estructura anatómica, que pasa muchas veces desapercibida durante el examen bucal, presenta variaciones de inserción que están asociadas a diastemas, problemas fonéticos, periodontales y ortodónticos. Objetivo: Identificar el tipo de inserción del frenillo labial superior asociado a la presencia de diastemas, en estudiantes de 8 a 15 años que acuden a la Unidad Educativa Vicente Anda Aguirre del Cantón Mocha, Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de diseño observacional transversal, con una muestra de 300 niños de 8-15 años de edad, quienes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se realizó examen clínico y registro fotográfico del frenillo labial superior para analizar las variables: tipo de inserción y presencia de diastemas en relación con la edad y el género. Mediante las pruebas de Chi cuadrado y regresión lineal se evaluó la asociación entre estas variables (p=0,05). Resultados: 44,67 % de los participantes presentaba frenillo labial superior con inserción gingival. La inserción papilar penetrante se halló en el 27,54 % y tuvo mayor relación con la presencia de diastema, siendo el de tipo leve el que se presentó con mayor frecuencia (66,67 %) independientemente del sexo. Conclusiones: La edad mostró estrecha relación con el sitio de inserción del frenillo, siendo su ubicación más coronal en edades tempranas. Por lo tanto, es un factor predisponente para la aparición de diastemas.
Severe Accidents in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors: Computational Fluid Dynamics Sensitivity Studies on the Thermal Ablation of Core Catcher
Authors: Czarny Olivier , De L'Hortet Adrien Collin , Goreaud Nicolas
Published: September 2021

The present work aims at testing the computational fluid dynamics capabilities to simulate erosion of materials which interact with a corium mass. The main foreseen application is the design of external/internal core catchers or in-vessel retentions devices used to mitigate severe accidents for sodium-cooled fast reactors. 2D axisymmetric simulations of a corium jet impinging a sacrificial solid material show evidence of a pool-effect, previously observed in experiments, which contributes to limit the ablation process. Complementary sensitivity calculations assess the influence of jet diameter, temperature, and velocity.
Two new feather mites of the genus Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899 (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from tyrant flycatchers (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae) in Argentina
Authors: Mironov S.V. , Santillán M.Á. , Liébana M.S.
Published: September 2021

Two new species of the feather mite genus Trouessartia (Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae) are described from tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) in Argentina: Trouessartia salvadori sp. nov. from the White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata (Vieillot) and T. gonzalezacunai sp. nov. from the Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus (Boddaert). Trouessartia salvadori sp. nov. is close to T. longiducta Hernandes et Valim, 2015 and most clearly differs from the latter in having, in males, the genital apparatus with wedge-shaped hyaline extensions and the anterior genital papillae situated more distant from the midline than posterior ones, and in females, setae h1 not extending beyond the margin of the interlobar membrane, and the posterior part of the hysteronotal shield bearing well outlined ovate lacunae except in the narrow median area. Trouessartia gonzalezacunai sp. nov. is similar to T. savanae Hernandes, 2014, but is distinguished from that species in having, in males, the terminal lamellae shaped as a fishtail, the epiandrum shaped as a goblet, the apophyses of adanal apodemes represented by thick spine-like tubercles, and in females, setae h1 minute spiculiform about 10 long, and the external copulatory tube shaped as a small rounded tubercle near the margin of interlobar membrane.
The Relationship Between Gratitude and Religious Identification of NCAA Athletes: A Replication Study
Authors: Gabana Nicole T. , Ruser Jeffrey B. , Yukhymenko-Lescroart Mariya A. , Gilbert Jenelle N.
Published: September 2021

A holistic, multicultural approach to student-athlete mental health, well-being, and performance promotes the consideration of spiritual and religious identities in counseling and consultation. Preliminary research supports the interconnectedness of spirituality, religiosity, and gratitude in athletes; thus, this study sought to replicate Gabana, D’Addario, Luzzeri, and Soendergaard's study (2020) and extend the literature by examining a larger, independently sampled, more diverse data set and multiple types of gratitude. National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I–III student-athletes (N = 596) were surveyed to better understand how religious and spiritual identity related to trait, general-state, and sport-state gratitude. Results supported past research; athletes who self-identified as being both spiritual and religious reported greater dispositional (trait) gratitude than those who self-identified as spiritual/nonreligious or nonspiritual/nonreligious. Between group differences were not found when comparing general-state and sport-state gratitude. Findings strengthen and extend the understanding of spirituality, religion, and gratitude in sport. Limitations, practical implications, and future directions are discussed.
When American Adults Do Move, How Do They Do So? Trends in Physical Activity Intensity, Type, and Modality: 1988–2017
Authors: Ladwig Matthew A. , Sciamanna Christopher N. , Auer Brandon J. , Oser Tamara K. , Stine Jonathan G. , Agans Jennifer P.
Published: September 2021

Background: Few Americans accumulate enough physical activity (PA) to realize its benefits. Understanding how and why individuals use their discretionary time for different forms of PA could help identify and rectify issues that drive individuals away from certain physical activities, and leverage successful strategies to increase participation in others. Methods: The authors analyzed approximately 30 years of changes in PA behavior by intensity, type, and mode, using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: Since 1988, the proportions of adults most frequently engaging in exercise, sport, or lifestyle physical activity have changed noticeably. The most apparent changes from 1988 to 2017 were the proportions most frequently engaging in Exercise and Sport. In addition, the proportion of time reportedly spent in vigorous-intensity PA decreased over time, particularly among male respondents. Moreover, the proportion of Americans reporting an “Other” PA mode increased substantially, suggesting a growing need for a greater variety of easily accessible options for adult PA. Conclusions: Over time, a smaller proportion of American adults reported participating in sport and exercise modalities and reported engaging more frequently in low-intensity physical activities.
Transfer Rate of Enveloped and Nonenveloped Viruses between Fingerpads and Surfaces
Authors: Anderson Claire E. , Boehm Alexandria B.
Published: September 2021

This study created a large-scale data set for the transfer of enveloped viruses between skin and surfaces. The data set produced by this study provides information on modeling the distribution of enveloped and nonenveloped virus transfer rates, which can aid in the implementation of risk assessment models in the future.
Building Robust Assemblages of Bacteria in the Human Gut in Early Life
Authors: Tannock Gerald W.
Published: September 2021

The neonatal body provides a range of potential habitats, such as the gut, for microbes. These sites eventually harbor microbial communities (microbiotas).
Human AdV-20-42-42, a Promising Novel Adenoviral Vector for Gene Therapy and Vaccine Product Development
Authors: Ballmann Mónika Z. , Raus Svjetlana , Engelhart Ruben , Kaján Győző L. , Beqqali Abdelaziz , Hadoke Patrick W. F. , van der Zalm Chantal , Papp Tibor , John Lijo , Khan Selina , Boedhoe Satish , Danskog Katarina , Frängsmyr Lars , Custers Jerome , Bakker Wilfried A. M. , van der Schaar Hilde M. , Arnberg Niklas , Lemckert Angelique A. C. , Havenga Menzo , Baker Andrew H.
Published: September 2021

Adenoviral vectors are under investigation for a broad range of therapeutic indications in diverse fields, such as oncology and gene therapy, as well as for vaccination both for human and veterinary use. A wealth of data shows that preexisting immune responses may limit the use of a vector.
The Interleukin-33–Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Axis Represents a Potential Adjuvant Target To Increase the Cross-Protective Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Williams Clare M. , Roy Sreeja , Califano Danielle , McKenzie Andrew N. J. , Metzger Dennis W. , Furuya Yoichi
Published: September 2021

Current influenza vaccines, although capable of protecting against predicted viruses/strains included in the vaccine, are inept at providing cross-protection against emerging/novel strains. Thus, we are in critical need of a universal vaccine that can protect against a wide range of influenza viruses.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus nsp11 Antagonizes Broad Antiviral Effects of MCPIP1 by Inducing Interleukin-17 Expression
Authors: Zheng Suya , Gu Han , Han Guangwei , Xu Huiling , Liu Zehui , Lu Ying , He Fang
Published: September 2021

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) suppresses the innate immunity and leads to coinfection of swine pathogens. Monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) is a broad-spectrum host antiviral protein.
Extensive Translational Regulation through the Proliferative Transition of Trypanosoma cruzi Revealed by Multi-Omics
Authors: Chávez Santiago , Urbaniak Michael D. , Benz Corinna , Smircich Pablo , Garat Beatriz , Sotelo-Silveira José R. , Duhagon María Ana
Published: September 2021

Trypanosoma cruzi
is an ancient eukaryotic unicellular parasite causing Chagas disease, a potentially life-threatening illness that affects 6 to 7 million people, mostly in Latin America. The antiparasitic treatments for the disease have incomplete efficacy and adverse reactions; thus, improved drugs are needed.
Discovery of New
Trichophyton
Members, T. persicum and T. spiraliforme spp. nov., as a Cause of Highly Inflammatory Tinea Cases in Iran and Czechia
Authors: Čmoková Adéla , Rezaei-Matehkolaei Ali , Kuklová Ivana , Kolařík Miroslav , Shamsizadeh Forough , Ansari Saham , Gharaghani Maral , Miňovská Viera , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Nouripour‐Sisakht Sadegh , Yaguchi Takashi , Zomorodian Kamiar , Zarrinfar Hossein , Hubka Vit
Published: September 2021

In this study, we describe two novel agents of dermatophytosis and summarize the clinical manifestation of infections. These new pathogens were discovered thanks to long-term molecular epidemiological studies conducted in Czechia and Iran. Zoonotic origins of the human infections are highly probable, but the animal hosts of these pathogens are poorly known. Further research is needed to refine our knowledge about these new pathogens.
Clarithromycin Inhibits Pneumolysin Production via Downregulation of
ply
Gene Transcription despite Autolysis Activation
Authors: Domon Hisanori , Isono Toshihito , Hiyoshi Takumi , Tamura Hikaru , Sasagawa Karin , Maekawa Tomoki , Hirayama Satoru , Yanagihara Katsunori , Terao Yutaka
Published: September 2021

Pneumolysin is a potent intracellular toxin possessing multiple functions that augment pneumococcal virulence. For over 10 years, sub-MICs of macrolides, including clarithromycin, have been recognized to decrease pneumolysin production and release from pneumococcal cells.
Biodesulfurization Induces Reprogramming of Sulfur Metabolism in Rhodococcus qingshengii IGTS8: Proteomics and Untargeted Metabolomics
Authors: Hirschler Aurélie , Carapito Christine , Maurer Loïc , Zumsteg Julie , Villette Claire , Heintz Dimitri , Dahl Christiane , Al-Nayal Ashraf , Sangal Vartul , Mahmoud Huda , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Ismail Wael
Published: September 2021

For many decades, research on biodesulfurization of fossil fuels has persevered amid a complete lack of knowledge of sulfur metabolism and its regulation in fuel-biodesulfurizing bacteria, which has impeded the development of a commercially viable bioprocess. In addition, lack of understanding of biodesulfurization-associated metabolic and physiological adaptations prohibited the development of efficient biodesulfurizers.
Conspicuous Smooth and White Egg-Shaped Sulfur Structures on a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Formed by Sulfide-Oxidizing Bacteria
Authors: van Erk Marit R. , Krukenberg Viola , Bomholt Jensen Pia , Littmann Sten , de Beer Dirk
Published: September 2021

At the deep-sea Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent system, sulfide-rich hydrothermal fluids mix with oxygenated seawater, thereby providing a habitat for microbial sulfur oxidation. Microbial sulfur oxidation in the deep sea involves a variety of organisms and processes and can result in the excretion of elemental sulfur.
Electrification of Dielectric Satellites under the Influence of Electron Flows of the Earth’s Radiation Belts
Authors: Surkov V. V. , Mozgov K. S.
Published: September 2021

The effect of electron fluxes from the Earth’s radiation belts on satellites made of dielectric materials is studied theoretically. Spherical shaped nanosatellites of the BLITS and BLITS-M types are considered as a model. An analytical solution is obtained for the dependence of the electric field on the distance to the center of the satellite. Empirical formulas are used for the electron flux density and the track length in matter depending on the electron energy. The energy losses of incident electrons in the Debye shielding layer that surrounds the satellite, as well as the appearance of radiation conductivity in the surface layer of the dielectric, are taken into account. The reasons for the nonmonotonic dependence of the electric field on the satellite radius are established. Despite the fact that the electric field inside the satellite is smaller than the electrical breakdown threshold of the solid dielectric, it can be assumed that the dielectric micro-breakdown can occur in the surface layer of the dielectric and near inhomogeneities.
Synthesis of Poly(ester-graft-methyl methacrylate) on a Macroinitiator with Lateral Sulfonyl Chloride Groups by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Meleshko T. K. , Razina A. B. , Bogorad N. N. , Kurlykin M. P. , Kashina A. V. , Gofman I. V. , Ten’kovtsev A. V. , Yakimansky A. V.
Published: September 2021

New polymer brushes with an ester backbone and poly(methyl methacrylate) side chains are synthesized by polycondensation and polymerization methods. The initiating groups are sulfonyl chloride groups laterally attached to the polyester chain. PMMA side chains are grafted by the ATRP method according to the “grafting from” multicenter macroinitiator strategy. The conditions for the polymerization processes in a controlled mode are selected, and the ways of targeted regulation of the degree of polymerization of methacrylate side chains are determined. Using the synthesized copolymers self-supporting films are obtained, and their physical and mechanical properties are studied.
Adipocyte factor CTRP6 inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells through PPARγ/NLRP3
Authors: Liu JiLi , Yan XiaoNing , Wang ZhaoLin , Zhang Na , Lin AnHua , Li ZhiQiang
Published: September 2021

NLRP3 and PPARγ play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Studies have shown that PPARγ regulates the expression of NLRP3 in vascular diseases. In addition, the adipocyte factor CTRP6 can improve the activation of PPARγ in vascular diseases. However, the regulatory relationship between CTRP6, PPARγ, and NLRP3 in AS and its underlying mechanism have not been reported. Since proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key events in AS, in this study, we induced proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation of VSCMs through homocysteine (HCY) to detect the specific effects of CTRP6, PPARγ, and NLRP3. Subsequently, CTRP6 was overexpressed and the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 and agonist rosiglitazone were administered to HCY-induced VSCMs to investigate the mechanisms. The results show that the expression of CTRP6 decreased in HCY-induced VSMCs. In addition, CTRP6 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCY-induced VSMCs, as well as cell cycle acceleration and dedifferentiation. Overexpression of CTRP6 increased HCY-induced PPARγ expression and inhibited NLRP3 expression. The addition of GW9662 and rosiglitazone further demonstrated that overexpression of CTRP6 inhibited HCY-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation through PPARγ/NLRP3 signaling. In conclusion, CTRP6 inhibited HCY-induced proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation of VSMCs through PPARγ/NLRP3.
Munch and optical coherence tomography: unravelling historical and artist applied varnish layers in painting collections
Authors: Ford Thierry , Iwanicka Magdalena , Platania Elena , Targowski Piotr , Hendriks Ella
Published: September 2021

Effective care of large-scale museum collections requires planning that includes the conservation treatment of specific groups of art works, such as appropriate cleaning strategies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been successfully applied as a non-invasive method for the stratigraphic visualisation of the uppermost transparent and semi-transparent layers in paintings, such as varnishes. Several OCT case study examples have further demonstrated the capabilities of the non-contact interferometric technique to measure the thickness of the various varnish layers, to help monitor cleaning and associated optical changes, and to detect past restorations. OCT was applied for the detection of varnishes to 13 paintings by Edvard Munch (1863–1944) owned by the Norwegian National Museum of Art. The paintings have a controversial and complex varnish history and are displayed as a group according to their acquisition legacy. A prototype high-resolution portable SdOCT instrument was used in combination with complementary imaging techniques. Questions concerning thickness, stratigraphy and the identification/location of the artist’s original varnish layers and/or pigmented glazes were addressed. Findings confirmed the complexity of the historical layers present and provided new evidence for Munch’s use of transparent and semi-transparent layers as part of an occasional, localised varnishing and/or glazing technique.
The $$^{27}\hbox {Al}(\hbox {p},\alpha )^{24}\hbox {Mg}$$ reaction at astrophysical energies studied by means of the Trojan Horse Method applied to the $$^2\hbox {H}(^{27}\hbox {Al},\alpha ^{24}\hbox {Mg})\hbox {n}$$ reaction
Authors: Palmerini S. , La Cognata M. , Hammache F. , Acosta L. , Alba R. , Burjan V. , Chávez E. , Cherubini S. , Cvetinović A. , D’Agata G. , de Séréville N. , Di Pietro A. , Figuera P. , Fülöp Z. , Gaitán De Los Rios K. , Guardo G. L. , Gulino M. , Hayakawa S. , Kiss G. G. , La Commara M. , Lamia L. , Maiolino C. , Manicó G. , Matei C. , Mazzocco M. , Mrazek J. , Parascandolo T. , Petruse T. , Pierroutsakou D. , Pizzone R. G. , Rapisarda G. G. , Romano S. , Santonocito D. , Sergi M. L. , Spartà R. , Tumino A. , Yamaguchi H.
Published: September 2021

The $$^{27}\hbox {Al}(\hbox {p},\alpha )^{24}\hbox {Mg}$$

27

Al

(
p
,
α
)

24

Mg

reaction, which drives the destruction of $$^{27}$$

27

Al and the production of $$^{24}\hbox {Mg}$$

24

Mg

in stellar hydrogen burning, has been investigated via the Trojan Horse Method (THM), by measuring the $$^2\hbox {H}(^{27}\hbox {Al},\alpha ^{24}\hbox {Mg})\hbox {n}$$

2

H

(
27

Al
,

α
24

Mg
)

n

three-body reaction. The experiment covered a broad energy range ($$E_\mathrm{c.m.}\le \,1.5\,\hbox {MeV}$$

E

c
.
m
.

≤

1.5

MeV

), aiming to investigate those of interest for astrophysics. The results confirm the THM as a valuable technique for the experimental study of fusion reactions at very low energies and suggest the presence of a rich pattern of resonances in the energy region close to the Gamow window of stellar hydrogen burning (70–120 keV), with potential impact on astrophysics. To estimate such an impact a second run of the experiment is needed, since the background due the three-body reaction hampered to collect enough data to resolve the resonant structures and extract the reaction rate.
Deep Understanding of Technical Documents: An Enhancement on Diagrams Understanding
Authors: Alexiou Michail S. , Gkorgkolis Nikolaos , Mertoguno Sukarno , Bourbakis Nikolaos G.
Published: September 2021

Humans are capable of understanding the knowledge that is included in technical documents automatically by consciously combining the information that is presented in the document’s individual modalities. These modalities are mathematical formulas, charts, tables, diagram images and etc. In this paper, we significantly enhance a previously presented technical document understanding methodology3 that emulates the way that humans also perceive information. More specifically, we make the original diagram understanding methodology adaptive to larger architectures with more complex structures and modules. The overall understanding methodology results in the generation of a Stochastic Petri-net (SPN) graph that describes the system’s functionality. Finally, we conclude with the introduction of the hierarchical association of different diagram images from the same technical document. This processing step aims to provide a holistic understanding of all illustrated diagram information.
Pedestrian Detection Based on Hand-crafted Features and Multi-layer Feature Fused-ResNet Model
Authors: Panigrahi Sweta , Raju U. S. N.
Published: September 2021

One of the most sought-after research areas in object detection is pedestrian detection owing to its applications especially in automated surveillance and robotics. Traditional methods use hand-crafted features to characterize pedestrians. In this work, we have pro-posed a new hand-crafted feature extraction method that concatenates shape, color and texture features; which is then classified by using Support Vector Machine (SVM). As in recent years, deep learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become an eminent state of the art in detection challenges, which unlike the manually designed feature extraction mechanism, results in more accuracy. Therefore, we have also proposed a CNN network, a modification of the pre-trained ResNet-18 named as Multi-layer Feature Fused-ResNet (MF2-ResNet). We have used the proposed modification for (1) feature extraction; which is then classified by using Support Vector Machine (SVM); (2) End-to-End feature extraction and classification by the CNN network and (3) MF2-ResNet based Faster-RCNN to include region proposals in the detection pipeline. To evaluate the proposed method, it is compared with existing pre-trained CNNs. The MF2-ResNet based Faster R-CNN is compared with state-of-the-art detection methods. Three benchmark pedestrian datasets are used in this work: INRIA, NICTA and Daimler.
Distance Laplacian spectra of various graph operations and its application to graphs on algebraic structures
Authors: Banerjee Subarsha
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we determine the distance Laplacian spectra of graphs obtained by various graph operations. We obtain the distance Laplacian spectrum of the join of two graphs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in terms of adjacency spectra of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Then we obtain the distance Laplacian spectrum of the join of two graphs in which one of the graphs is the union of two regular graphs. Finally, we obtain the distance Laplacian spectrum of the generalized join of graphs [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], in terms of their adjacency spectra. As applications of the results obtained, we have determined the distance Laplacian spectra of some well-known classes of graphs, namely the zero divisor graph of [Formula: see text], the commuting and the non-commuting graph of certain finite groups like [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and the power graph of various finite groups like [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We show that the zero divisor graph and the power graph of [Formula: see text] are distance Laplacian integral for some specific [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we show that the commuting and the non-commuting graph of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are distance Laplacian integral for all [Formula: see text].
A Method for Manufacturing Flexible Microfluidic Chip Based on Soluble Material
Authors: Wang Junyao , Chen Xingyu , Liu Huan , Sun Gongchen , Li Yunpeng , Lang Tianhong , Wang Rui , Cui Bowen
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a novel method for manufacturing flexible microfluidic chips without bonding process is proposed, which combines 3D printing technology and material dissolution technology. The manufacturing process of the microfluidic chip is as follows: a soluble HIPS mold with a preset shape is manufactured by 3D printing and placed in a molten PDMS solution for solidification. Soak in the limonene material to dissolve the mold and form a microchannel in the cured PDMS. Experimental studies have shown that the temperature and concentration of the limonene solution have an important effect on the dissolution rate. A 0.62 cm3 HIPS mold has the fastest dissolution rate at 100°C and 50% concentration. The proposed method provided a new idea for fabricating flexible microfluidic chip. Compared to bonding process, it has the characteristics of not relying on complicated processing conditions and low manufacturing cost.
Study on Pore and Fissure Structure Characteristics of Deep Soft Coal Rock
Authors: Zhang Minbo , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Dangyu , Zou Delong , Du Jinlei , Wang Zichao , Li Chunxin
Published: September 2021

The microscopic pore and fissure structure is the key factor affecting the exploitation, storage, and migration of coalbed methane and coal spontaneous combustion tendency. For further research of the microstructure of deep soft coal rock, such as pores and fissures, the coal samples from the Yangdong mining area were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in terms of morphological characteristics, pore shape, pore specific surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption experiment. The results show that there are three major categories and five minor categories of pores with different genetic types, including metamorphic pore, exogenous pore, and mineral pore, and there are endogenous fissures, exogenous tensile fissures, and exogenous shear fissures developed in the coal body. According to the results of the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption experiment, the hysteresis curves of coal samples can be divided into two types. The I type curve produces a loop. There is a “hysteresis loop” which is obvious, and there is an inflection point that is not obvious. The pore system is mainly composed of open pores. The II type curve has no adsorption back line and no obvious inflection point. The pore structure is mainly composed of an impermeable hole closed at one end. The BET specific surface area of coal samples ranges from 0.2810 to 4.7569 m2/g, with an average of 1.27984 m2/g. The BJH pore volume ranges from 0.002864 to 0.007377 cm3/g, with an average of 0.0041246 cm3/g. The average BJH pore diameter of coal samples ranges from 4.3935 to 20.1501 nm, with an average of 16.0313 nm. The pore specific surface area of coal is mainly contributed by micropores, and the transition pores contribute the most to pore volume. The distribution of pore volume in each pore section of a coal sample has the rule that the transition pore is larger than the micropore, and the micropore is larger than the mesopore, and the maximum ratio is 66.2%. The distribution of pore specific surface area has the rule that the micropore is larger than the transition pore, and the transition pore is larger than the mesopore. The maximum ratio is 91.2%.
The Dynamics of a Tritrophic Leslie-Gower Food-Web System with the Effect of Fear
Authors: Maghool Firas Hussean , Naji Raid Kamel
Published: September 2021

The avoidance strategy of prey to predation and the predation strategy for predators are important topics in evolutionary biology. Both prey and predators adjust their behaviors in order to obtain the maximal benefits and to raise their biomass for each. Therefore, this paper is aimed at studying the impact of prey’s fear and group defense against predation on the dynamics of the food-web model. Consequently, in this paper, a mathematical model that describes a tritrophic Leslie-Gower food-web system is formulated. Sokol-Howell type of function response is adapted to describe the predation process due to the prey’s group defensive capability. The effects of fear due to the predation process are considered in the first two levels. It is assumed that the generalist predator grows logistically using the Leslie-Gower type of growth function. All the solution properties of the model are studied. Local dynamics behaviors are investigated. The basin of attraction for each equilibrium is determined using the Lyapunov function. The conditions of persistence of the model are specified. The study of local bifurcation in the model is done. Numerical simulations are implemented to show the obtained results. It is watched that the system is wealthy in its dynamics including chaos. The fear factor works as a stabilizing factor in the system up to a specific level; otherwise, it leads to the extinction of the predator. However, increasing the prey’s group defense leads to extinction in predator species.
Multiarea Economic Dispatch Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Vineet , Katal Nitish , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Sumit , Singh Pushpendra
Published: September 2021

Multiarea economic dispatch (MAED) is a vital problem in the present power system to allocate the power generation through dispatch strategies to minimize fuel cost. In economic dispatch, this power generation distribution always needs to satisfy the following constraints: generating limit, transmission line, and power balance. MAED is a complex and nonlinear problem and cannot be solved with classical techniques. Many metaheuristic methods have been used to solve economic dispatch problems. In this study, the dynamic particle swarm optimization (DPSO) and grey wolf optimizer (GWO) have been used to solve the MAED problem for single-area 3 generation units, a two-area system with four generating units, and four areas with 40-unit system. The hunting and social behaviors of grey wolves are implemented to obtain optimal results. During the optimization search, this algorithm does not require any information regarding the objective function’s gradient. The tunable parameters of the original PSO that are three parameters are dynamically controlled in this work that provides the efficient cost values in less execution time although satisfying all the MAED problem’s diverse constraints. In this study, the authors also implemented the GWO algorithm with two tunable parameters, and its execution is straightforward to implement for the MAED problem.
Residual Quantitative Flow Ratio to Estimate Post‐Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: van Diemen Pepijn A. , de Winter Ruben W. , Schumacher Stefan P. , Bom Michiel J. , Driessen Roel S. , Everaars Henk , Jukema Ruurt A. , Somsen Yvemarie B. , Popelkova Lenka , van de Ven Peter M. , van Rossum Albert C. , van de Hoef Tim P. , de Haan Stefan , Marques Koen M. , Lemkes Jorrit S. , Appelman Yolande , Nap Alexander , Verouden Niels J. , Opolski Maksymilian P. , Danad Ibrahim , Knaapen Paul
Published: September 2021

Objectives. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) computes fractional flow reserve (FFR) based on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Residual QFR estimates post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) FFR. This study sought to assess the relationship of residual QFR with post-PCI FFR. Methods. Residual QFR analysis, using pre-PCI ICA, was attempted in 159 vessels with post-PCI FFR. QFR lesion location was matched with the PCI location to simulate the performed intervention and allow computation of residual QFR. A post-PCI FFR < 0.90 was used to define a suboptimal PCI result. Results. Residual QFR computation was successful in 128 (81%) vessels. Median residual QFR was higher than post-PCI FFR (0.96 Q1–Q3: 0.91–0.99 vs. 0.91 Q1–Q3: 0.86–0.96,

p
<
0.001

). A significant correlation and agreement were observed between residual QFR and post-PCI FFR (R = 0.56 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.47,

p
<
0.001

for both). Following PCI, an FFR < 0.90 was observed in 54 (42%) vessels. Specificity, positive predictive value, sensitivity, and negative predictive value of residual QFR for assessment of the PCI result were 96% (95% confidence interval (CI): 87–99%), 89% (95% CI: 72–96%), 44% (95% CI: 31–59%), and 70% (95% CI: 65–75%), respectively. Residual QFR had an accuracy of 74% (95% CI: 66–82%) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71–0.86). Conclusions. A significant correlation and agreement between residual QFR and post-PCI FFR were observed. Residual QFR ≥ 0.90 did not necessarily commensurate with a satisfactory PCI (post-PCI FFR ≥ 0.90). In contrast, residual QFR exhibited a high specificity for prediction of a suboptimal PCI result.
Development Evaluation and Optimization of Deep Shale Gas Reservoir with Horizontal Wells Based on Production Data
Authors: Li Wuguang , Yue Hong , Sun Yongpeng , Guo Yu , Wu Tianpeng , Zhang Nanqiao , Chen Yue
Published: September 2021

The implementation of horizontal wells is a key to economic development of the deep shale gas reservoir. In order to optimize the key parameters for drilling, stimulation, and the production system, the development effect of a horizontal well in deep shale gas formations was investigated from various aspects in this study. The drilling, fracturing, and production performances of this well were analyzed combining with the geological characteristics. The main technical problems and key factors that restrict the gas well performance and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) were clarified. Through the integrated study of geology and engineering, the optimization strategies for increasing gas production and EUR are provided. The Z2 area, where the Z2-H1 well is located, has good reservoir physical properties, which bring a high drilling efficiency. However, there are still some problems during its development, such as poor fracture extension both horizontally and vertically, limited stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), rapid production declining, large water production, and serious liquid accumulation. In this study, a comprehensive approach was proposed that can improve single-well production and EUR by optimizing the target position, horizontal section length, pathway, spacing, new drilling and fracturing technology, and production system.
COVID‐19 and Acute Coronary Syndromes: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Esposito Luca , Cancro Francesco Paolo , Silverio Angelo , Di Maio Marco , Iannece Patrizia , Damato Antonio , Alfano Carmine , De Luca Giuseppe , Vecchione Carmine , Galasso Gennaro
Published: September 2021

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and may impact patient clinical course and mortality. Although the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear, several potential mechanisms have been hypothesized, including oxygen supply/demand imbalance, direct viral cellular damage, systemic inflammatory response with cytokine‐mediated injury, microvascular thrombosis, and endothelial dysfunction. The severe hypoxic state, combined with other conditions frequently reported in COVID‐19, namely sepsis, tachyarrhythmias, anemia, hypotension, and shock, can induce a myocardial damage due to the mismatch between oxygen supply and demand and results in type 2 myocardial infarction (MI). In addition, COVID‐19 promotes atherosclerotic plaque instability and thrombus formation and may precipitate type 1 MI. Patients with severe disease often show decrease in platelets count, higher levels of d‐dimer, ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers, tissue factor, and prolongation of prothrombin time, which reflects a prothrombotic state. An endothelial dysfunction has been described as a consequence of the direct viral effects and of the hyperinflammatory environment. The expression of tissue factor, von Willebrand factor, thromboxane, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 promotes the prothrombotic status. In addition, endothelial cells generate superoxide anions, with enhanced local oxidative stress, and endothelin‐1, which affects the vasodilator/vasoconstrictor balance and platelet aggregation. The optimal management of COVID‐19 patients is a challenge both for logistic and clinical reasons. A deeper understanding of ACS pathophysiology may yield novel research insights and therapeutic perspectives in higher cardiovascular risk subjects with COVID‐19.
A New Modified Efficient Levenberg–Marquardt Method for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Wu Zhenxiang , Zhou Tong , Li Lei , Chen Liang , Ma Yanfang
Published: September 2021

For systems of nonlinear equations, a modified efficient Levenberg–Marquardt method with new LM parameters was developed by Amini et al. (2018). The convergence of the method was proved under the local error bound condition. In order to enhance this method, using nonmonotone technique, we propose a new Levenberg–Marquardt parameter in this paper. The convergence of the new Levenberg–Marquardt method is shown to be at least superlinear, and numerical experiments show that the new Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm can solve systems of nonlinear equations effectively.
LncRNA SNHG7 Regulates Gastric Cancer Progression by miR-485-5p
Authors: Zhao Zhongsong , Liu Xueping
Published: September 2021

Background. Long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) were closely related to the development of gastric cancer. This study investigated the effect of SNHG7 on gastric cancer progression and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods. SNHG7 and microRNA-485-5p (miR-485-5p) expressions in gastric cancer tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, and transwell experiments were used to detect cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to confirm the relationship between SNHG7 and miR-485-5p. Results. SNHG7 expression was increased in human gastric cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of SNHG7 could notably inhibit the gastric cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. The dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP experiments proved that miR-485-5p was a direct target of SNHG7. At the same time, further experiments demonstrated that miR-485-5p inhibition reversed the suppression of SNHG7 knockdown on gastric cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusions. SNHG7 knockdown could hamper gastric cancer progression via inhibiting miR-485-5p expression, providing a novel understanding for gastric cancer development.