bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multilayer physically based snowpack model simulating direct and indirect radiative impacts of light-absorbing impurities in snow
Authors: Tuzet Francois , Dumont Marie , Lafaysse Matthieu , Picard Ghislain , Arnaud Laurent , Voisin Didier , Lejeune Yves , Charrois Luc , Nabat Pierre , Morin Samuel
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Light-absorbing impurities (LAIs) decrease snow albedo, increasing the amount of solar energy absorbed by the snowpack. Its most intuitive and direct impact is to accelerate snowmelt. Enhanced energy absorption in snow also modifies snow metamorphism, which can indirectly drive further variations of snow albedo in the near-infrared part of the solar spectrum because of the evolution of the near-surface snow microstructure. New capabilities have been implemented in the detailed snowpack model SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus (referred to as Crocus) to account for impurities' deposition and evolution within the snowpack and their direct and indirect impacts. Once deposited, the model computes impurities' mass evolution until snow melts out, accounting for scavenging by meltwater. Taking advantage of the recent inclusion of the spectral radiative transfer model TARTES (Two-stream Analytical Radiative TransfEr in Snow model) in Crocus, the model explicitly represents the radiative impacts of light-absorbing impurities in snow. The model was evaluated at the Col de Porte experimental site (French Alps) during the 2013–2014 snow season against in situ standard snow measurements and spectral albedo measurements. In situ meteorological measurements were used to drive the snowpack model, except for aerosol deposition fluxes. Black carbon (BC) and dust deposition fluxes used to drive the model were extracted from simulations of the atmospheric model ALADIN-Climate. The model simulates snowpack evolution reasonably, providing similar performances to our reference Crocus version in terms of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), near-surface specific surface area (SSA) and shortwave albedo. Since the reference empirical albedo scheme was calibrated at the Col de Porte, improvements were not expected to be significant in this study. We show that the deposition fluxes from the ALADIN-Climate model provide a reasonable estimate of the amount of light-absorbing impurities deposited on the snowpack except for extreme deposition events which are greatly underestimated. For this particular season, the simulated melt-out date advances by 6 to 9 days due to the presence of light-absorbing impurities. The model makes it possible to apportion the relative importance of direct and indirect impacts of light-absorbing impurities on energy absorption in snow. For the snow season considered, the direct impact in the visible part of the solar spectrum accounts for 85 % of the total impact, while the indirect impact related to accelerated snow metamorphism decreasing near-surface specific surface area and thus decreasing near-infrared albedo accounts for 15 % of the total impact. Our model results demonstrate that these relative proportions vary with time during the season, with potentially significant impacts for snowmelt and avalanche prediction.
The Social Validity of Telepractice among Spanish-Speaking Caregivers of English Learners: An Examination of Moderators
Authors: Fitton Lisa , Bustamante Kristina N. , Wood Carla
Published: November 2017

The purpose of the present paper was to examine the social validity of telepractice as a service delivery model for Spanish-speaking families of English learners. Quantitative survey methodology was employed to examine 79 caregivers’ opinions regarding telepractice and to obtain background information about participants’ home environments. Findings revealed that approximately 46% of the participant sample reported being interested in their children receiving services via telepractice. Caregivers reported limited familiarity with telepractice as an option, but were likely to express interest if their child had an identified speech or language disorder or if they were interested in increased access to Spanish language support for their children. In conclusion, although telepractice is not universally accepted among Spanish-speaking families, it appears to be a promising service delivery model. It is recommended that service providers offer thorough information and address common myths when considering telepractice as a service delivery model for families.Keywords: Bilingualism, Minority language, Telehealth, Telepractice
A Systematic Review of Research Studies Examining Telehealth Privacy and Security Practices Used By Healthcare Providers
Authors: Watzlaf Valerie J.M. , Zhou Leming , DeAlmeida Dilhari R. , Hartman Linda M.
Published: November 2017

The objective of this systematic review was to systematically review papers in the United States that examine current practices in privacy and security when telehealth technologies are used by healthcare providers. A literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). PubMed, CINAHL and INSPEC from 2003 – 2016 were searched and returned 25,404 papers (after duplications were removed). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly followed to examine title, abstract, and full text for 21 published papers which reported on privacy and security practices used by healthcare providers using telehealth.  Data on confidentiality, integrity, privacy, informed consent, access control, availability, retention, encryption, and authentication were all searched and retrieved from the papers examined. Papers were selected by two independent reviewers, first per inclusion/exclusion criteria and, where there was disagreement, a third reviewer was consulted. The percentage of agreement and Cohen’s kappa was 99.04% and 0.7331 respectively. The papers reviewed ranged from 2004 to 2016 and included several types of telehealth specialties. Sixty-seven percent were policy type studies, and 14 percent were survey/interview studies. There were no randomized controlled trials. Based upon the results, we conclude that it is necessary to have more studies with specific information about the use of privacy and security practices when using telehealth technologies as well as studies that examine patient and provider preferences on how data is kept private and secure during and after telehealth sessions.Keywords: Computer security, Health personnel, Privacy, Systematic review, Telehealth
A Survey of Telepractice in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology in India
Authors: Mohan Haritha S. , Anjum Ayesha , Rao Prema K.S.
Published: November 2017

Telepractice has emerged as a form of service delivery to assess and treat individuals with communication disorders. The present study surveyed speech-language pathologists and audiologists in India about the use of telepractice. Two hundred and five (N=205) speech-language pathologists and audiologists responded to a questionnaire, with 12.19% reporting their use of telepractice to deliver clinical services. Respondents also indicated an urgent shortage of professionals in India to deliver clinical services in speech-language pathology and audiology, and opined that these needs can be met via the use of telepractice. India is well known throughout the world for the advanced application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), with 931.95 million telephone subscribers, over 900 million mobile phone users, and the second-largest mobile phone usage in the world.  India has also experienced a tremendous rise in the number of internet users. Therefore, India is well poised to fully develop telepractice to overcome the barriers of distance and amplify the availability of speech-language pathology, audiology and other healthcare services. But first, the widespread use of telepractice throughout the nation will require an improved infrastructure (e.g., to uphold privacy and security); training for professionals; and telepractice policies. While very promising, the deployment of telepractice throughout India will require the attention of policy makers and government organizations. Keywords: Audiology, India, Speech Language Pathology, Telehealth, Telepractice
Editors' Note
Authors: Cohn Ellen R. , Cason Jana
Published: November 2017

The current issue of the International Journal of Telerehabilitation (IJT) contains original research, policy, and a country report (India).  A letter to the editor describes the challenges faced by Occupational Audiologists in the United States, due to the current absence of inter-state professional license portability.
El tratamiento de la objeción de conciencia en el Consejo de Europa
Authors: Capodiferro Cubero Daniel
Published: November 2017

En el seno del Consejo de Europa, la objeción de conciencia ha sido abordada esencialmente como un problema derivado de la colisión entre las convicciones propias de ciertos grupos religiosos minoritarios y el deber de prestar el servicio militar, si bien con el tiempo el fenómeno se ha ido secularizando y diversificando tanto en sus aspectos objetivos como subjetivos. A pesar de que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y los órganos políticos de la organización han mantenido aproximaciones notablemente distintas al respecto, en ambos casos se observa una clara, aunque lenta, evolución en sus planteamientos desde los años 60 hasta la actualidad, sobre todo en cuanto a la percepción de la naturaleza jurídica de la objeción de conciencia y su relación con la libertad de pensamiento, conciencia y religión del art. 9 del Convenio de Roma, hasta el punto de poder identificar a día de hoy una serie de puntos clave que dan forma a una línea doctrinal consistente. Con ello se ha abierto la posibilidad de su protección directa en los términos del mismo, lo que supone, en última instancia, la aparición de ciertos deberes para los Estados en lo que respecta a su reconocimiento o configuración.
Estética del abandono: el retiro de monjas budistas
Authors: Ríos María Elvira
Published: November 2017

En busca de un lugar idóneo para las prácticas ascéticas, las monjas budistas chinas se insertan en la montaña y se refugian en un lugar que les permita estar en retiro. Entre estos lugares hallamos templos abandonados; espacios que comúnmente son utilizados por religiosos. ¿Hay alguna cualidad o característica particular del espacio abandonado que, para la religiosa, adquiera un valor distinto para su práctica? ¿Qué es lo que el espacio abandonado provoca o transmite a la religiosa? ¿Se produce un vínculo entre el espacio físico y la experiencia de conciencia plena alcanzada en la práctica interior? El presente artículo analiza la experiencia de una monja budista en un templo abandonado en la montaña Nanwutai, en Zhongnan-shan. En el análisis se propone que la estética del espacio abandonado colabora en la manera en que la religiosa interpreta el alcance de una conciencia plena, que se traduce como la unión del espacio interior con el exterior, por lo tanto, la liberación de toda atadura y la comprensión del universo budista.
Sesenta años después de Ángel Álvarez de Miranda: la opción italiana de la «Historia de las Religiones» en el Máster del IUCR
Authors: Segarra Crespo Diana
Published: November 2017

Ángel Álvarez de Miranda se formó en Roma con el prof. Raffaele Pettazzoni, el fundador en Italia de la «Historia de las Religiones» y de un método específico para su estudio. De vuelta en España, Álvarez de Miranda ocupó la primera cátedra de «Historia de las Religiones», creada en 1954 en la universidad de Madrid. En este trabajo se analizan los modos de la circulación de ideas en ámbito internacional, privilegiando el papel desempeñado por el «encuentro» personal con ellas en el extranjero y por la traducción de obras extranjeras. En este último caso, se trata de evidenciar, siguiendo a Pierre Bourdieu, las consecuencias que derivan de la circulación de textos sin el propio «contexto».
The Influence of Place on Identity in Poe's “Morella” and “William Wilson”
Authors: May Whitney Shylee
Published: November 2017

Of the many haunting figures that Gothic fiction invokes, none so perfectly encapsulates the mode itself, in all its fantastic incursions of opposing forces and clashing sensibilities, as the literary double. Indeed, the double in Gothic literature helps to push the bounds of subjective tension so central to the genre, as subject and object are most urgently and forebodingly called into question when they appear seemingly identical and disturbingly interchangeable. Poe's mastery of this delicate subjective interplay goes without question. This article complicates the readings of two of Poe's overt doppelgänger tales, “Morella” and “William Wilson,” by factoring the influence of place into the equation of selfhood at the heart of each tale. In exploring Poe's subjective project as a fundamentally spatial one, it suggests that Poe's doubles work in concert with the liminal places they occupy in order to orient the self in more profound ways. Aware of the philosophical work of his contemporaries, Poe utilizes necessarily liminal places in both of these tales as a means to continue this work from a literary direction; Poe's interstitial places work as heterotopic mirrors, therefore offering symbolic terrain for interrogating the limits of subjectivity, while yielding a nuanced critique of the discovery and designation of the self in psychological and literary landscapes.
A era da democracia confusa: análise das medidas de adesão à democracia nas pesquisas sobre comportamento político
Authors: Oliveira Renata Andrade de
Published: November 2017

No panorama atual da Ciência Política há a insistência em se afirmar a “profissão de fé democrática”, pressupondo a existência de um conceito universal do termo. Contudo, as múltiplas fontes nas quais a democracia moderna se fundamenta denotam um caráter polissêmico ao conceito. Por isso, um dos principais duelos da teoria política é a oposição entre suas funções procedimental e normativa. Tal dualidade está presente nas pesquisas acadêmicas em estudos que focam, de um lado, na análise empírica da aplicabilidade do conceito e, do outro, nos debates teóricos do processo democrático. Por isso, a questão central deste artigo é saber quais os conceitos de democracia utilizados nos estudos mais recentes sobre comportamento político. Para tanto, criamos um panorama sobre o que as pesquisas comportamentais têm realmente mensurado como fatores de adesão à democracia (estudos sobre legitimidade democrática). Após a análise de alguns artigos foi possível observar que há uma desconexão entre a teoria política e as pesquisas empíricas a esse respeito. No geral, os estudos buscam a mensuração da instrumentalidade do processo, sendo poucos os que pensam a multidimensionalidade da democracia. Assim, esse descompasso torna necessário repensar as medidas de adesão à democracia na área de comportamento político, visando o alinhamento entre o que se tem produzido na teoria democrática e o que se descreve nas pesquisas empíricas.
Imagens da liderança de Hugo Chávez em documentários
Authors: Paiva Gabriela Pandeló
Published: November 2017

Hugo Chávez governou a Venezuela entre 1998 e 2013, recebendo tanto intenso apoio quanto fortes críticas da população. Sua liderança fora construída em torno de seu carisma e capacidade retórica, sendo sua imagem moldada de acordo com interesses específicos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como sua imagem enquanto líder da Revolução Bolivariana foi construída. Para cumprir esse objetivo, o material empírico utilizado são os seguintes filmes documentários: “Ao sul da fronteira” (Oliver Stone, 2010), “Meu amigo Hugo” (Oliver Stone, 2014) e “A revolução não será televisionada” (Kim Bartleyl e Donnacha O'Briain, 2003). Os filmes em questão atuam como documentos audiovisuais pró-Chávez cujo registro ficará para a posteridade e, dessa forma, sua análise permitirá registrar os aspectos positivos de seu legado.
Redes sociais, jornalismo e eleições locais em 2016: o Facebook como espaço de visibilidade da política e dos políticos nos jornais O Estado do Maranhão (MA) e A Tarde (BA)
Authors: Borges Regilson Furtado
Published: November 2017

Este artigo apresenta os resultados parciais de um projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido no Grupo de Pesquisa em Comunicação, Política e Sociedade (COPS), da UFMA. O objetivo aqui é analisar como as eleições (e, mais especificamente, os candidatos a prefeito) aparecem e ganham visibilidade na cobertura jornalística feita pelos jornais O Estado do Maranhão (MA) e A Tarde (BA), nas suas páginas do Facebook. Trata-se de um estudo comparado da cobertura jornalística de jornais de diferentes localidades do Nordeste — sendo um deles um dos maiores jornais do Nordeste e, o outro, um dos menores — para compreender qual espaço é destinado por eles ao tema político-eleitoral, além de identificar qual o tratamento que os candidatos recebem em cada veículo, a partir do conteúdo que circula e ganha destaque na rede social. A técnica de pesquisa aqui empregada é a de análise de conteúdo, a partir de uma abordagem quantitativa. O período da coleta dos dados compreende toda a disputa eleitoral de 2016, com início em 16 de agosto e término em 2 de outubro, de quando foram extraídas 1.871 postagens do Facebook dos dois veículos, por meio do aplicativo Netvizz. Analisa-se o tema das postagens, a abordagem específica sobre as eleições, a presença dos candidatos e o modo como aparecem. Conclui-se que os veículos possuem agendas distintas: enquanto o jornal A Tarde prioriza temas considerados soft, o jornal O Estado do Maranhão evidencia as hard news. Além disso, os dois periódicos deram atenção ao tema político-eleitoral quando a disputa eleitoral estava próxima do fim.
The Black Peoples Unity Movement and Friends: The Brief Emergence of an Interracial Black Power Movement in Camden, New Jersey, 1968
Authors: Lahey Laurie
Published: November 2017

This article examines the interracial alliances forged in 1968 in Camden, New Jersey, between Black and white clergy, the urban Black Peoples Unity Movement (BPUM), and the suburban Friends of the Black Peoples Unity Movement (FBPUM). This coalition complicates the histories of Black Power militancy and Christian nonviolence by highlighting points of intersection and cooperation during the long civil rights movement in a secondary city. Even though militant rhetoric pervaded the movement in Camden, activists organized across race and despite ideology. This finding is compelling because the prevailing research demonstrates that other cities, even those nearby, could not sustain interracial cooperation after the widespread dissemination of Black Power politics in the mid-1960s. Camden’s story, while seemingly unique, is potentially suggestive of a larger, less visible aspect of the movement. In the wake of urban renewal, a shifting economy, and lack of adequate homes and schools, Black militants and nonmilitant Black and white Christians alternately compromised and reconfigured their own values to promote the shared goal of equality in their community.
The “Jewish Question” in the Black Mind: The Image of World Jewry in African American Socialism
Authors: Vaughn-Roberson Clayton
Published: November 2017

From the Popular Front to the early Cold War, African American socialists advocated for Jewish human rights in order to advance their own cause for civil and labor rights. Activists such as A. Philip Randolph and Ralph Bunche championed an Afro-Zionism that defied reactionary definitions of race and class by fomenting unity of all oppressed minorities. They envisioned Jewish human rights as a crucial step toward the liberation of all workers, especially Black Americans. By articulating their own understanding of Blacks and Jews relationally, Black socialists condemned anti-Semitism under fascism, imperialism, and communism. The rise of fascism, coupled with the Second World War, fueled Black American criticism of both racism and imperialism. This Popular Front activism carried over into the late 1940s. During the early Cold War, Black socialists helped publicize Soviet atrocities against Eastern European and Russian Jews. Tracing the origin and impact of Afro-Zionism reveals a long and diverse history of Black American condemnation of anti-Semitism as well as the impact of world Jewry on Black internationalism.
Men’s Help-Seeking and Health in Natural Disaster Contexts
Authors: Labra Oscar , Tremblay Gilles , Ependa Agustin , Lacroix Gabriel Gingras
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE: The study examines masculinity practices, in both their positive and negative aspects, in terms of their influence on men’s help-seeking in the context of a natural disaster, in particular the rejection of psychosocial assistance.METHODOLOGY: Qualitative study of a small sample of voluntary participants constituted of male survivors of a major earthquake and tsunami event in 2010 in Chile.RESULTS: It appears that norms of hegemonic masculinity predominated in men’s emotional responses to the disaster event, with both positive and negative consequences. Family relationships, mutual assistance in the community, and the passage of time emerge as the principal factors of healing for men since the catastrophe.DISCUSSION: An understanding of men’s beliefs and attitudes is, therefore, essential to any inclusive assessment of the efficacy and quality of the various services offered to populations exposed to natural disaster events.
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Academic Procrastination in Students: The Mediating Role of Perfectionism
Authors: Azhari Mohammad Setayeshi
Published: November 2017

Studies indicate that many students engage in procrastination, thus in this study the aim was to examine the structural relationship of early maladaptive schemas and academic procrastination with the mediating role of the perfectionism in students. The participants included 281 high school students (143 male, 138 female) that were chose by multistage cluster sampling method. Solomon and Rothblum’s academic procrastination scale with the Cronbach alpha coefficient 0.81 and Young early maladaptive schema questionnaire with the Cronbach alpha coefficient 0.93, and Positive and Negative Perfectionism questionnaire with the Cronbach alpha coefficient 0.86 were administered. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Sobel tests were conducted to explore direct and indirect pathways of study’s model respectively. Results showed that early maladaptive schemas and academic procrastination are antecedents and consequences of perfectionism in students respectively. The results indicated that perfectionism has a significant mediating role on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and academic procrastination. The findings of this study could help school counselors, education psychologist, and teachers to reduce student’s procrastination and academic problems.
The Psycho-Educational Practice of Mental Toughness in Dealing with Trauma
Authors: Van Niekerk Anna Maria Susanna , Roets Hester E.
Published: November 2017

This study investigated whether an intervention program, which was developed within the psycho-educational field, could support traumatized people to increase their mental toughness. This program is based on the four components of mental toughness, namely control, challenge, commitment and confidence. A valid and reliable psychometric instrument, the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48 (MTQ48), has been successfully used in both the corporate and sports psychology world to determine people’s mental toughness but has never before been tested in supporting traumatised people. Many corresponding aspects between mental toughness and trauma were discovered and used to compile a psycho-educational intervention program to support traumatized persons to develop increased mental toughness. An action research design was employed, where both qualitative as well as quantitative methods were used. Eight traumatized people participated in the research. The results of the study indicated that seven of the eight participants’ overall mental toughness increased after the intervention program, and four of the eight participants’ mental toughness components increased. All respondents indicated that they could better deal and cope with their trauma. The conclusion could be drawn that the psycho-educational intervention program, which was based on enhancing mental toughness, was successful in supporting the traumatised participants to increase their mental toughness.
THE IMPACT OF DESIGNATING LIMITED USE AREAS
ON THE SITUATION OF AIRPORTS IN POLAND –
WHETHER THEY CREATE AN OPPORTUNITY
FOR CONDUCTING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Wach-Kloskowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2017

A limited use area (LUA) is a legally designated area which is affected by the adjoining
facility or other similar structure, e.g. water treatment plant, municipal landfill,
communication route, power line/substation, airport. Different kinds of sources
causing the limited use of the property have impact either on air quality, noise or
generation of electromagnetic fields. According to the law, the permitted emission
standards can be exceeded in a LUA. The owner of real property situated in such area
may request the purchase of property, compensation for the reduction of the real property
value caused by restrictions on use and limitations on expansion of such property,
or a claim for the improvement of acoustic comfort. The paper presents the essence
of designating limited use areas around airports, analysis of the existing legal
framework on the LUA, and an overview of experiences and solutions adopted
in selected Polish airports in this regard. The article presents information on how
LUAs are designated and on the related prohibitions and restrictions. It also discusses
the possible claims and approaches of particular airports towards various types
of compensation. The aim of the article is to present opportunities for conducting
the corporate social responsibility policy at airports as a result of introduction of limited
use areas. It also attempts to assess the good as well as troublesome legal solutions
from the point of view of management of Polish airports. When developing this
paper, analyzes of the existing legal provisions on LUA designation, internal materials
and documents provided by airports, as well as information available on the websites
of examined entities were used. A valuable source was also information gathered
in the course of in-depth interviews conducted with employees responsible for
the management of processes related to the LUA.
The Role of Lay Judges in the Process of Adjudication
Authors: Bartnik Adriana Sylwia , Kowalska Katarzyna Julia
Published: November 2017

The paper attempts to expound upon the actual and statutory role of lay judges in the process of adjudication. A theoretical model was confronted with the practice of making judicial determinations. The authors analysed the state of the law on the matter and the functions of lay judges accorded thereto by the legislator. In addition, as a result of extensive sociological-legal studies, a typology of the moments of composing a judgment (i.e. during deliberations; in between cases; conversations with prosecutors; voluntary acceptance of liability (plea bargain)) and of types of deliberations present in Polish courts (deliberation without deliberation, deliberation dominated by the judge, deliberation pro forma, the ideal type, deliberation and a discussion – bargaining) is described.
Free Capital Movement Principle and its Effect on Agricultural Lands Turnover in Ukraine
Authors: Miroshnychenko Anatolii
Published: November 2017

The legislation of Ukraine on agricultural lands turnover is one of the most conservative in the world, prohibiting alienation of most types of agricultural lands. This prohibition is likely to be lifted soon, but there are intense debates whether foreigners should be allowed to purchase agricultural lands. By virtue of Article 145 of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Communities Ukraine has a duty to implement the principle of free capital movement, in particular by abolishing restrictions on acquisition of land by foreign citizens and companies (Articles 22, 81, 82 of the Land Code of Ukraine). In case Ukraine fails to introduce the necessary amendments, the provisions of Article 145 of the Association Agreement should be applied directly. The formal unconditional obligation of our country to remove the said obstacles to free capital movement serves its best interests. Today, turnover of agricultural lands in Ukraine should be very dynamic, and it should be governed by general rules applicable to immovable property.
Influence of EU law on Collective Labour Law in Poland
(Institutions at the National Level)
Authors: Pisarczyk Łukasz
Published: November 2017

Although the competences of the EU in the field of industrial relations are limited, European standards concerning collective labour law have significantly affected domestic legal systems, including Polish law. EU legislation forced a reconstruction of a model of collective representation of employee interests. Polish law shifted from single- to double-channel representation with trade unions and employee councils (involved in information and consultation procedures). Under the influence of EU law the Polish legislator has established a number of collective procedures aimed at the protection of employee interests (e.g. collective redundancies, transfer of undertaking). As a rule, they reflect basic protective standards determined at the European level. There are, however, some lesser problems that weaken the effect intended by EU legislation. Nonetheless, implementation of European standards has contributed to the development of industrial relations and protection of workers.
Minerals and Trace Elements in Milk, Milk Products, Infant Formula, and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula, ICP-MS Method: Collaborative Study, AOAC Final Action 2015.06, ISO/DIS 21424, IDF 243
Authors: Pacquette Lawrence H , Thompson Joseph J ,   Collaborators:, Malaviole I , Zywicki R , Woltjes F , Ding Y , Mittal A , Ikeuchi Y , Sadipiralla B , Kimura S , Veltman H , Miura A
Published: November 2017

AOAC Final Action Official MethodSM2015.06 “Minerals and Trace Elements in Milk, Milk Products, Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula, ICP-MS Method” was collaboratively studied. Note that “milk, milk products” has now been added to the title of the Final Action method because whole milk and several dairy ingredients were successfully incorporated into the collaborative study for the purpose of developing an International Organization for Standardization/International Dairy Federation standard (ISO/DIS 21424; in progress). The method determines sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, chromium, molybdenum, and selenium by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS after microwave digestion. Ten laboratories participated in the study, and data from five different model ICP-MS units were represented. Thirteen products, five placebo products, and six dairy samples were tested as blind duplicates in this study, along with a standard reference material, for a total 50 samples. The overall repeatability and reproducibility for all samples met Standard Method Performance Requirements put forth by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals, with a few exceptions. Comparisons are made to ICP-atomic emission data from a collaborative study of AOAC Official Method2011.14 carried out concurrently on these same samples.
Náufragos digitales en la enseñanza arquitectónica
Authors: Santamarina-Macho Carlos
Published: November 2017

Las nuevas tecnologías y metodologías digitales constituyen valiosas herramientas para la formación arquitectónica, cuya introducción y asimilación sigue siendo dificultosa. Superar la condición de lo digital como un instrumento al servicio de los modos tradicionales de enseñanza y avanzar en la definición de unas metodologías de aprendizaje, y quizá también de nuevos modos de pensar la arquitectura, exige comprender el modo en que estudiantes y docentes se relacionan con estas tecnologías, identificando sus aportaciones pero también las dificultades a las que ambos se enfrentan. A través de un conjunto de experiencias prácticas en la docencia de proyectos arquitectónicos, que exploraban formas de incorporación de medios digitales a la enseñanza, se ha realizado una aproximación al grado de capacitación actual de ambos colectivos, y particularmente de los estudiantes, para abordar dicho proceso de digitalización, identificando algunos de sus retos.

The new digital technologies and methodologies are valuable tools for the architectural education, whose introduction and assimilation remains difficult. Overcoming the idea of digital as a tool at the service of traditional ways of teaching and moving forward the definition of new learning methodologies, and perhaps of new ways of thinking architecture, requires understanding the way in which students and teachers are related to these technologies, identifying their contributions but also the difficulties that they face. Through some practical teaching experiences on architectural design, exploring ways of incorporating digital media to education, an approach to the current degree of training to deal with the process of digitalization has been obtained from both groups, and particularly from the students, identifying also some of its challenges
Aprendiendo a ver territorios
Authors: Alonso Rohner Evelyn , Llorca Afonso Eva
Published: November 2017

La mirada tradicional sobre el lugar o el territorio ya no se traduce en una recogida de datos durante una visita o mediante información cartográfica o histórica. Es en la mirada transversal, interrelacionada, híper datada y transaccional, es donde respira el pensamiento contemporáneo y donde se produce una nueva comprensión del lugar. En el aprendizaje del arquitecto es conveniente introducir esta nueva componente de inestabilidad, derivada de un mundo cada vez mas indeterminado. Desde la necesaria capacidad para navegar en la realidad contemporánea, saturada de información y al mismo tiempo desinformada, se hace necesaria una nueva manera de ver. Por ello se hace esencial entender la utilidad de la acción directa o del experimento, como método auxiliar de reconocimiento o comprensión del territorio. En este contexto, se analizan el proyecto docente AIMF, el experimento Seek de Nicholas Negroponte con el MIT y la propuesta de 25 universidades para Roma 2025.

The traditional gaze over a place or territory is no longer the result of a collection of data or cartographic or historical information. It is in the transverse, the interrelated, the hyper-dated and transactional gaze, where contemporary thinking rests and through which new understandings of places can take place. In teaching architecture it is convenient to take into account a new factor, that of instability as a consequence from an increasingly indeterminate world. To navigate in our contemporary context, that is both saturated with information and at the same time uninformed, one needs to develop new strategies for seeing. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand the use of actions or experiments as an auxiliary method to viewing and understanding a territory. In this context, the AIMF teaching project, the Seek experiment by Nicholas Negroponte with the MIT, and a proposal for Rome 2025 are analysed in this text.
La fotografía en el aprendizaje, ideación y comunicación de la arquitectura
Authors: López Rivera Javier
Published: November 2017

Las imágenes ya no representan al mundo: forman parte de él, se incorporan a él. La fotografía ya no sirve para documentar el mundo, despojada incluso -por la imagen digital previa- de la validez suficiente para documentar arquitecturas construídas. “La fotografía ha dejado de servir como documento de la realidad para pasar a ser portadora de las ideas”. (Fontcuberta, 1997) Ante este panorama, nos preguntamos ¿Cuál debe ser la presencia y el papel que debe jugar la fotografía en el seno de las escuelas de arquitectura y en la formación integral del futuro arquitecto?. Las experiencias docentes relatadas en este texto nos revelan la pertinencia de utilizar la fotografía como herramienta de comunicación gráfica de las ideas arquitectónicas, dotada de un alto grado de expresividad y de una gran capacidad para fomentar la sensibilidad y creatividad en el alumno. 

The images no longer represent the world: they are part of it, they are incorporated into it. Photography no longer serves to document the world, even deprived -by the prior digital image- of sufficient validity to document constructed architectures. "Photography has stopped serving as a document of reality to become a carrier of ideas." In the face of this panorama, we ask ourselves What should be the presence and the role that photography must play within the schools of architecture and in the integral formation of the future architect?. The teaching experiences reported in this text show us the relevance of using photography as a tool for graphic communication of architectural ideas, with a high degree of expressiveness and a great capacity to promote sensitivity and creativity in the student.
Aularch, an optional subject to introduce auscultation techniques in architectural studies
Authors: Zamora i Mestre Joan-Lluís , Casas Anna , Griera Antoni , Carnerero Francesc
Published: November 2017

This communication describes the introduction of an optional subject in architecture degree studies. The subject was designed to teachbasic skills in the use and interpretation of data from portable electronic devices for quick,affordable measuresof variables that are relevant to the behaviour of buildings,such as light, sound, heat and humidity. Since 2010, this subject has been offered by the Department of Architectural Technology,Vallès School of Architecture (ETSAV),Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). The development of this experience has passed through several stages thathave all contributed to the creation of a model with sufficient maturity to be presented for discussion in the JIDA forum.
Equilibrio, material y forma
Authors: Franco González Fidel
Published: November 2017

Con el objetivo de contribuir a mejorar y enriquecer la enseñanza de la arquitectura se analizan los conceptos de equilibrio, material y forma (geometría) y sus relaciones. Puesto que el proyecto integra tales conceptos, nuestra metodología consiste en profundizar en las relaciones deducidas de Leyes Fisicas que integran los tres parámetros. Se analizan los contenidos de las dos asignaturas de Física impartidas en el primer curso de la ETSAB, la primera adaptada al campo estructural y la segunda al campo de las instalaciones. La funcionalidad estructural se basa en el equilibrio estático ampliado por el material y la forma. El Aislamiento térmico, la Acústica y la Iluminación también aprovechan dichos conceptos pero su interpretación pues ser diferente sobre todo en la Acústica y la Iluminación.

The concepts of equilibrium, material and shape (geometry) and their relationships are analyzed in order to contribute to improve and enrich the teaching of architecture. Since the project integrates these concepts, our methodology is to approfondish in deduced relationships of physical laws that make up the three parameters. We analyze the contents of two physics courses taught in the first year of the architect titol of the ETSAB, the first one is adapted to the structural field and the second one is adapted to the facilities field of buildings . Structural functionality is based on the static balance expanded by material and shape. Thermal insulation, acoustics and lighting also take advantage of these concepts but our interpretation is different especially in the acoustics and lighting parameteres.
Learning by building. Dos experiencias didácticas de la Cátedra Deplazes ETH-Z
Authors: Deplazes Andrea , Linares de la Torre Óscar , Salmerón Espinosa Margarita
Published: November 2017

La cátedra de Andrea Deplazes, Catedrático de Arquitectura y Construcción de la ETH de Zúrich, defiende que proyecto y construcción deben ser enseñados conjuntamente. A lo largo de los últimos años ha apostado por orientar la educación que imparte en esta dirección en lo que se ha bautizado como “Learning by Building”. El objetivo del presente artículo es exponer y analizar las ventajas y los beneficios de esta práctica docente a través de la exposición y análisis de dos experiencias didácticas concretas. 

The Chair of Andrea Deplazes, Professor of Architecture and Construction of the ETH Zurich, defends that design and construction should be taught at the same time. During the last few years he has chosen to guide his didactic strategy in this direction, in what has been called "Learning by building". The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the advantages and benefits of this teaching practice, through the presentation and analysis of two didactic experiences.
Colaboración, cooperación, disensión. Modos de abordar el trabajo en grupo en la era de la fabricación digital
Authors: González de Canales Francisco , Álvarez Lombardero Nuria
Published: November 2017

Una de las consecuencias que se ha observado tras más dos décadas de uso de herramientas digitales avanzadas en arquitectura es una tendencia a homogenizar y aplanar a través de sus protocolos de procesamiento de datos, los matices y diversidad de los inputs de los participantes en un proceso creativo. Esta homogenización se manifiesta tradicionalmente en los modos cooperativos de trabajar, en los que todos los participantes tienen que ir en una misma dirección siguiendo una misma consigna. Los modos de trabajo colaborativos sin embargo no tienen por que seguir este modelo, y de hecho pueden incorporar disensión dentro de ellos mismos como una manera de reconocer la pluralidad que de intereses que existe por ejemplo cuando se trabaja en ámbitos como el espacio público. Basado en dos experienciass de talleres de construcción colaborativa que utilizaron técnicas de fabricación digital, la siguiente comunicación discute modelos de subversión de esos procesos homogenizadores como parte de un aprendizaje en el que trabajar colaborativamente no significa el tener que doblegarse a una línea principal de actuación. 

After more than two decades in the use advanced digital tools in architecture, one of the witnessed consequences has been the tendency these tools has to homogenize and flatten through their data processing protocols the nuances and diversity of participants’ inputs into the creative process. This homogenization is traditionally manifested in cooperative ways of working, in which all participants have to folow the same direction according to a same goal. Collaborative ways of working, however, do not have to follow this model, and can actually incorporate dissent within themselves as a way of recognizing the plurality of interests existing when working in realms such as the public space. Based on two experiences of collaborative construction workshops that used digital fabrication techniques, the following paper discusses models of subversion of these homogenizing processes as part of a learning process in which working collaboratively does not mean to submit a main line of action.
El aprendizaje cooperativo aplicado a las asignaturas técnicas del 1r curso de Arquitectura
Authors: Onecha Pérez Ana Belén , Caballero Marcos Isabel Amaya , López Valdés Daniel , Sanz Prat Javier
Published: November 2017

La enseñanza en un primer curso de estudios universitarios es un desafío a todos los niveles, que se ha visto amplificado desde la llegada a la universidad de las generaciones nacidas bajo la omnipresencia de la tecnología y las redes sociales. Como respuesta, el equipo de profesores de la asignatura Bases para la Técnica, troncal de primer curso de Arquitectura Superior de Barcelona, ha aplicado diversos métodos “Agile” de trabajo en equipo y de Aprendizaje Cooperativo Informal durante los cursos 2015-16 y 2016-17. Esta comunicación describe y analiza el grado de complejidad y de efectividad de dichos métodos o técnicas docentes aplicadas durante las clases taller, que perseguían, tanto captar la atención y el interés de los alumnos, como enfatizar los conceptos clave explicados durante las clases teóricas, mejorando así la comprensión global.

University first year teaching is a challenge at all levels, that has been magnified since the arrival at university of students generation born under the ubiquity of new technologies and social networks. In response to this situation, the teachers team of Basis for Architecture Technique, compulsory subject of first year studies in the Architecture Faculty of Barcelona, has applied Agile methods and Informal Cooperative Learning to the practical classes of the academic years from 2015 to 2017. This communication describes and analyses the complexity and effectiveness of these teaching and learning activities, whose main objectives were to get the students attenttion and engagement and to enhance the key concepts explained during theorical classes, with the result of improving global understanding.
Proyecto interdisciplinar de aprendizaje colaborativo: patrimonio y fotografía estereoscópica
Authors: Arredondo Garrido David , Castro Torres José Juan , Rivas López Esteban José
Published: November 2017

Durante cuatro cursos (de 2013 a 2017) se desarrolló en la Universidad de Granada el Proyecto de Innovación Docente titulado "Interdisciplinariedad y trabajo cooperativo entre alumnos de distintos títulos de grado: estudio de la Arquitectura, el Derecho y la Historia del Arte del patrimonio local de Granada a través de la fotografía tridimensional". En él intervinieron más de trescientos alumnos, así como una veintena de profesores procedentes de seis grados de dicha universidad. Utilizando como herramienta de trabajo la fotografía estereoscópica, y como objeto de estudio elementos del patrimonio arquitectónico de la ciudad de Granada, esta actividad permitió la experimentación con metodologías docentes innovadoras en Arquitectura, específicamente en las áreas de conocimiento implicadas: Composición Arquitectónica y Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. Metodologías como el trabajo cooperativo en equipos interdisciplinares de diferentes Grados, el desarrollo de actividades fuera del aula guiadas por los propios alumnos o la evaluación "por pares" de la actividad realizada. 

The project entitled "Interdisciplinary and cooperative work among students of different degrees: Architecture, Law and History of Art. Study of Granada's local heritage through three-dimensional photography" was developed within the University of Granada during four courses (from 2013 to 2017). More than three hundred students took part in it, as well as nearly twenty professors from six degrees of that university. This activity used stereoscopic photography as a working tool, and some elements of the architectural heritage of the city of Granada as object of study. This combination allowed the experimentation with innovative teaching methodologies in Architecture, specifically in the areas of knowledge involved: Architectural Composition and Graphic Expression in Architecture. Methodologies such as cooperative work in interdisciplinary teams of different degrees, the development of activities outside the classroom guided by the students, or the peer-evaluation of the activity.