bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of aerosol properties over Beijing and Kanpur: Optical, physical properties and aerosol component composition retrieved from 12 years ground‐based Sun‐sky radiometer remote sensing data
Authors: Li Zhengqiang , Li Lei , Zhang Fengxia , Li Donghui , Xie Yisong , Xu Hua
Published: January 2015

Aerosol mixtures composed of coarse and fine particles occur frequently in metropolitan areas in the world, especially in developing countries. Beijing, China, and Kanpur, India, are both in Asian monsoon regions and experience strong aerosol loading because of increased economic activities, vehicles, and urbanization. Observations originating from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) have played a vital role in the field of aerosol study. In order to understand the variations of aerosol optical, physical properties and component composition over Beijing and Kanpur, we focus on AERONET measurements collected at these two sites from 2002 to 2013 and employ a five‐component (including black carbon, BC; mineral dust, DU; brown carbon, BrC; ammonium sulfate like, AS; and aerosol water content, AW) aerosol mixture model to retrieve the aerosol component composition. Particle size distribution, spectral characteristics of single‐scattering albedo, and refractive indices of the aerosols over Beijing and Kanpur are found to be distinct and with regular seasonal variations. Correspondingly, aerosol components show distinct temporal characteristics at both sites. In Beijing, BC shows a significant decrease from 2002 to 2013 (especially after 2007) with an average declining rate of 0.69 mg m−2 yr−1. Among the five components, BC and BrC are higher during winter and autumn especially at Beijing, while DU and AS are higher during spring and summer at the two sites. With respect to site differences, BC and BrC are usually higher in Beijing in most of the year, while DU and AS are higher in Kanpur especially from April to June. Moreover, AW is similar and quite comparable at two sites.
Interannual to decadal climate variability of sea salt aerosols in the coupled climate model CESM1.0
Authors: Xu Li , Pierce David W. , Russell Lynn M. , Miller Arthur J. , Somerville Richard C. J. , Twohy Cynthia H. , Ghan Steven J. , Singh Balwinder , Yoon Jin‐Ho , Rasch Philip J.
Published: January 2015

This study examines multiyear climate variability associated with sea salt aerosols and their contribution to the variability of shortwave cloud forcing (SWCF) using a 150 year simulation for preindustrial conditions of the Community Earth System Model version 1.0. The results suggest that changes in sea salt and related cloud and radiative properties on interannual timescales are dominated by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycle. Sea salt variability on longer (interdecadal) timescales is associated with low‐frequency variability in the Pacific Ocean similar to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation but does not show a statistically significant spectral peak. A multivariate regression suggests that sea salt aerosol variability may contribute to SWCF variability in the tropical Pacific, explaining up to 20–30% of the variance in that region. Elsewhere, there is only a small sea salt aerosol influence on SWCF through modifying cloud droplet number and liquid water path that contributes to the change of cloud effective radius and cloud optical depth (and hence cloud albedo), producing a multiyear aerosol‐cloud‐wind interaction.
Tuning the Electromechanical Properties of Silicones by Crosslinking Agent
Authors: Bele Adrian , Cazacu Maria , Racles Carmen , Stiubianu George , Ovezea Dragos , Ignat Mircea
Published: January 2015

Five R‐trialkoxysilanes, with R: CH3, C6H5, NH2(CH2)3, Cl(CH2)3, or NC(CH2)3 are used as crosslinkers for two polydimethylsiloxane‐α,ω‐diols with different molecular masses (35,000 and 125,000 g · mol−1) The crosslinking occurs by condensation at room temperature under the influence of the environmental moisture and in presence of dibutyltindilaurate as a catalyst. After aging, the films are characterized by mechanical testing, dielectric spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Moisture sorption capacity is evaluated by dynamic vapour sorption analysis, while the morphology of the crosslinked films is observed by scanning electron microscopy in cryo‐fracture. The mechanical response to an applied electric field is measured. The results are discussed in correlation with polymeric chain length and the nature of R from crosslinking agent emphasizing in principle an increasing of the dielectric permittivity and actuation with the polarity of the organic group but a worsening of these with increasing length of the polymer chain matrix.
A novel induction heating fluidized bed reactor: Its design and applications in high temperature screening tests with solid feedstocks and prediction of defluidization state
Authors: Latifi Mohammad , Chaouki Jamal
Published: January 2015

A novel mini induction heating fluidized bed reactor (IHFBR) is introduced which was developed to carry out screening tests of high temperature reactions up to 1500°C particularly for solid feedstocks. Despite conventional mini reactors, this reactor mimics real scenario of solid feeding in industrial reactors: cold feedstock is injected within 1 s from a lift tube, then particles reach reaction temperature in less than 5 s in a reaction zone. The lift tube (9.5 cm diameter) is also the gas distributor of the fluidized bed (2.5 cm diameter) so that the bed is completely fluidized with uniform gas distribution. Beside facilities to perform tests in a fluidized bed, another important feature of this reactor is prediction of the defluidization state in the bed. Not only reproducible data are generated, but also many tests can be conveniently carried out, that is, one test per hour. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1507–1523, 2015
Cup‐like blasts in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jost Edgar , Herwartz Reinhild , Hoß Mareike , Vankann Lucia , Fuchs Roland
Published: January 2015

A patient with AML with normal karyotype and the cytological pattern of cup‐like blasts (CLB) is reported. The typical morphology on Pappenheim stained blood smears is shown. In addition transmission electron microscopy pictures demonstrate impressively the invaginated nuclear pocket compressing the chromatin. Cup‐like blasts usually do not express CD34. There is a close relationship of CLB‐AML with the molecular aberrations of NPM1 and/or FLT3‐ITD.Am. J. Hematol. 90:847–848, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of inhibitors on hemophilia a mortality in the United States
Authors: Walsh Christopher E. , Soucie J. Michael , Miller Connie H. ,   and the United States Hemophilia Treatment Center Network
Published: January 2015

The previously published mortality studies are limited in hemophilia populations but suggest that there is no increased risk of mortality in factor VIII inhibitor patients. This retrospective study analyzed surveillance data collected on 7,386 males with severe hemophilia A over a 13‐year period to assess the association between a current inhibitor and death. During the study period, 432 participants died, among whom 48 were patients with an inhibitor. Clinical characteristics most strongly associated with death were increased number of reported bleeds, signs of liver disease, infection with either HIV or HCV, and the presence of inhibitor. Patients who underwent successful tolerization were not considered inhibitor patients in our analysis. In a multivariable analysis, the odds of death were 70% higher among patients with a current inhibitor compared to those without an inhibitor (P < 0.01). Deaths among patients with inhibitors were much more likely to be attributed to bleeding complications than those among patients without an inhibitor (42 vs. 12%, P < 0.0001). We conclude that males with severe hemophilia A and a current inhibitor are at increased risk of death.Am. J. Hematol. 90:400–405, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ferrocene‐Based Planar Chiral Imidazopyridinium Salts for Catalysis
Authors: Check Christopher T. , Jang Ki Po , Schwamb C. Benjamin , Wong Alexander S. , Wang Michael H. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: January 2015

Planar chirality remains an underutilized control element in asymmetric catalysis. Factors that have limited its broader application in catalysis include poor catalyst performance and difficulties associated with the economical production of enantiopure planar chiral compounds. The construction of planar chiral azolium salts that incorporate a sterically demanding iron sandwich complex is now reported. Applications of this new N‐heterocyclic carbene as both an organocatalyst and a ligand for transition‐metal catalysis demonstrate its unprecedented versatility and potential broad utility in asymmetric catalysis.
λ‐Orthogonale Photochemie: Lichtinduzierte pericyclische Reaktionen an Makromolekülen
Authors: Hiltebrandt Kai , Pauloehrl Thomas , Blinco James P. , Linkert Katharina , Börner Hans G. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: January 2015

Eine photochemische Strategie nutzt λ‐orthogonale Reaktionen zum Aufbau makromolekularer Architekturen und zum wellenlängenabhängigen Einbau chemischer Funktionalitäten in ein einzelnes Molekül. λ‐Orthogonale pericyclische Reaktionen können unabhängig voneinander durch die spezifische photochemische Aktivierung einer chemischen Funktionalität ablaufen. Die Leistungsfähigkeit dieses neuen Konzeptes wird durch eine Eintopfreaktion belegt, bei der Maleinsäureimid mit zwei Polymeren, die unterschiedliche photoaktive Endgruppen (Photoenol und Tetrazol) tragen, selektiv reagieren. Beliebige aktivierte Doppelbindungen können durch eine gezielte Bestrahlung mit λ=310–350 nm mit einem Photoenol‐funktionalisierten Polymer reagieren. Nach vollständigem Photoenolumsatz aktiviert eine Bestrahlung mit λ=270–310 nm die Reaktion des Tetrazols mit Maleimid. Die Vielseitigkeit dieses Ansatzes wird durch die λ‐orthogonale Klick‐Reaktionen von komplexen Maleimiden, funktionalen Enen und Polymeren an ein zentrales Polymergerüst gezeigt.
Structure Determination of [Au18(SR)14]
Authors: Das Anindita , Liu Chong , Byun Hee Young , Nobusada Katsuyuki , Zhao Shuo , Rosi Nathaniel , Jin Rongchao
Published: January 2015

Unravelling the atomic structures of small gold clusters is the key to understanding the origin of metallic bonds and the nucleation of clusters from organometallic precursors. Herein we report the X‐ray crystal structure of a charge‐neutral [Au18(SC6H11)14] cluster. This structure exhibits an unprecedented bi‐octahedral (or hexagonal close packing) Au9 kernel protected by staple‐like motifs including one tetramer, one dimer, and three monomers. Until the present, the [Au18(SC6H11)14] cluster is the smallest crystallographically characterized gold cluster protected by thiolates and provides important insight into the structural evolution with size. Theoretical calculations indicate charge transfer from surface to kernel for the HOMO–LUMO transition.
Multisensory, pervasive, immersive: Towards a new generation of documents
Authors: Robinson Lyn
Published: January 2015

The emergence of immersive documents, which allow the “reader” to perceive unreality as real, is foreseen. This new type of document will evolve from the combination of contemporary participatory, transmedia storytelling with pervasive computing technologies and multisensory interfaces. It is argued that a research program within library and information science is needed, to investigate new information behaviors associated with such documents, the new digital literacies needed to make effective use of them, and their place in the information communication chain.
Small vessels and long lesions
Authors: Srour John Fani , Abbott J. Dawn
Published: January 2015

Key Points

Small vessels (SV) and long lesions (LL) are associated with a relatively high rate of adverse outcomes even in the drug eluting stent (DES) era.

The current study shows very low rates of target vessel failure in SV and LL cohorts treated with the platinum chromium everolimus‐eluting stent (PtCr‐EES).

Further investigation directly comparing newer DES in these subsets is needed.
A Green Strategy to Enhance a Liquid–Liquid Heterogeneous Reaction with a Magnetic Recyclable Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Feng Linbin , Wang Jianli , Chen Liang , Lu Meizhen , Zheng Zhi , Jing Ren , Chen Hualiang , Shen Xianbo
Published: January 2015

This work described a general strategy to enhance a typical organic–aqueous heterogeneous green oxidation reaction by introducing surface tunable magnetic nanoparticles into liquids to form a controllable Pickering emulsion. We synthesized cross‐linked polystyrene (PS)‐covered Fe3O4 nanoparticles grafted with different N‐alkyl imidazoles and systematically discussed the effect of surface properties on the formation of emulsions. By loading such particles, the dichloromethane–water‐based 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl‐mediated Montanari oxidation system was converted from the unstable millimeter‐scale dispersion into a stable micrometer‐scale emulsion, which significantly reduced the reactant transfer distance and resulted in a significantly high overall reaction rate. This reaction efficiency is elucidated in terms of unique properties inherent in an emulsion, including the self‐assembly of Fe3O4/PS and Fe3O4/PS[im‐Cn]Cl (n=1, 4, 6, and 10) nanoparticles, well ensuring a large specific surface area of the water–oil interface.
Effects of Thickness and Grafting Density on the Activity of Polymer‐Brush‐Immobilized Tris(triazolyl) Copper(I) Catalysts
Authors: Fernandes Antony E. , Ye Qian , Collard Laurent , Le Duff Cécile , d'Haese Cécile , Deumer Gladys , Haufroid Vincent , Nysten Bernard , Riant Olivier , Jonas Alain M.
Published: January 2015

We report herein the application of polymer brushes for the immobilization of tris[(1,2,3‐triazolyl)methyl]amine CuCl catalysts. Well‐defined catalytic brushes were prepared through grafting‐from and postpolymerization modification approaches on Si surfaces and characterized by X‐ray reflectivity, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Hairy catalysts of varying thickness and grafting density were investigated in a model CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction and showed remarkable activity at loadings as low as 0.02 mol % as a result of the unique catalytic site density and nuclearity found in the brush. We demonstrate that thickness and grafting density parameters can be adjusted to maximize catalytic activity along the brush thickness.
Natural Abundance 15N NMR by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: Fast Analysis of Binding Sites of a Novel Amine‐Carboxyl‐Linked Immobilized Dirhodium Catalyst
Authors: Gutmann Torsten , Liu Jiquan , Rothermel Niels , Xu Yeping , Jaumann Eva , Werner Mayke , Breitzke Hergen , Sigurdsson Snorri T. , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: January 2015

A novel heterogeneous dirhodium catalyst has been synthesized. This stable catalyst is constructed from dirhodium acetate dimer (Rh2(OAc)4) units, which are covalently linked to amine‐ and carboxyl‐bifunctionalized mesoporous silica (SBA‐15NH2COOH). It shows good efficiency in catalyzing the cyclopropanation reaction of styrene and ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) forming cis‐ and trans‐1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐phenylcyclopropane. To characterize the structure of this catalyst and to confirm the successful immobilization, heteronuclear solid‐state NMR experiments have been performed. The high application potential of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR for the analysis of binding sites in this novel catalyst is demonstrated. Signal‐enhanced 13C CP MAS and 15N CP MAS techniques have been employed to detect different carboxyl and amine binding sites in natural abundance on a fast time scale. The interpretation of the experimental chemical shift values for different binding sites has been corroborated by quantum chemical calculations on dirhodium model complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochromism in Yttrium Iron Garnet Compounds.
Authors: Serier‐Brault Helene , Thibault Lucile , Legrain Magalie , Deniard Philippe , Rocquefelte Xavier , Leone Philippe , Perillon Jean‐Luc , Le Bris Stephanie , Waku Jean , Jobic Stephane
Published: January 2015

The compounds Y3Fe5O12 and Y3Fe5‐xCrxO12 are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Y2O3, Fe2O3, and Cr2O3 (air, 1350 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Superparamagnetism, Magnetoresistance and Anomalous Hall Effect in Amorphous MnxSi1‐x Semiconductor Films.
Authors: Xiao Shu‐qin , et al. et al.
Published: January 2015

Mn0.48Si0.52 semiconductor films are prepared by co‐sputtering from high‐purity Mn and Si targets on glass substrates (20 °C, 10 mTorr argon).
ChemInform Abstract: Aminopolycarboxylate Bismuth(III)‐Based Heterometallic Compounds as Single‐Source Molecular Precursors for Bi4V2O11 and Bi2CuO4 Mixed Oxides.
Authors: Whitmire Kenton H. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2015

Compounds (IV), (V), (VI), (VIII), and (X) are prepared as single‐source precursors for Bi4V2O11 and Bi2CuO4 mixed oxides, and the crystal structures of (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (X) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Sr3Bi2(SeO3)6·H2O: A Novel Anionic Layer Consisting of Second‐Order Jahn—Teller (SOJT) Distortive Cations.
Authors: Ahn Hyun Sun , Lee Eun Pyo , Chang Hong‐Young , Lee Dong Woo , Ok Kang Min
Published: January 2015

Single crystals of the title compound are grown by hydrothermal reaction of SrCO3, Bi2O3, and SeO2 in the molar ratio 3:5:6 (H2O, autoclave, 230 °C, 4 d; 77% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: 1D Heterometallic Oxalate Compounds as Precursors for Mixed Ca—Cr Oxides — Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Studies.
Authors: Andros Lidija , Juric Marijana , Popovic Jasminka , Pajic Damir , Zadro Kreso , Molcanov Kresimir , Zilic Dijana , Planinic Pavica
Published: January 2015

The single‐source precursors (IV) for the formation of Ca—Cr oxides are characterized by single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Aminoxylation of Biradical Titanium Enolates with TEMPO.
Authors: Gomez‐Palomino Alejandro , Pellicena Miquel , Romo Juan Manuel , Sola Ricard , Romea Pedro , Urpi Felix , Font‐Bardia Merce
Published: January 2015

Conversion of chiral N‐acyl‐4‐benzyl‐oxazolidinones (I) to titanium enolates and subsequent quenching with TEMPO results in an efficient formation of 2‐aminoxylation adducts in excellent yields and good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium(I) Hydroxides in Catalysis: Rearrangement of Allylic Alcohols to Ketones.
Authors: Nelson David J. , Fernandez‐Salas Jose A. , Truscott Byron J. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: January 2015

An iridium(I) hydroxide complex catalyzes the rearrangement of allylic alcohols to ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Buchwald—Hartwig Amination Approach for the Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroacridine Derivatives.
Authors: de Sousa Julien , Brown Richard C. D. , Baati Rachid
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of a series of functionalized tacrines by using a microwave‐assisted Buchwald—Hartwig amination reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of Titanacyclopentadienes with a Cp Ligand and Elimination of One Substituent.
Authors: Mizukami Yuki , Li Haijun , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Song Zhiyi , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: January 2015

Trisubstituted indenes are formed from alkynes and Cp2TiCl2 via titanacyclopentadienes in the presence of trimethylphosphine and azobenzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to β‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Ketones: Harnessing Inductive Effects in Wacker‐Type Oxidations of Internal Alkenes.
Authors: Lerch Michael M. , Morandi Bill , Wickens Zachary K. , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: January 2015

The title procedure under conditions A) renders possible a rapid and successful access to the desired ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Bromination Method for the Synthesis of Benzylic Dibromides.
Authors: Radaram Bhasker , Levine Mindy
Published: January 2015

A new method for the dibromination of benzylic diols is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Hyperbranched Polyamines: Tunable Catalysts for the Henry Reaction.
Authors: Ganesan Subramaniapillai Selva , Ganesan Asaithampi , Kothandapani Jagatheeswaran
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of the catalysts (Ia,b) and the recyclability of (Ia) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C‐H Acylation of Arenes Using Thioethers as Directing Groups.
Authors: Xu Bo , Liu Wei , Kuang Chunxiang
Published: January 2015

A convenient protocol for the synthesis of diaryl ketones through Pd‐catalyzed direct ortho‐acylation of benzylmercaptans using α‐oxocarboxylic acids is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Broensted Acid Catalyzed Redox Arylation.
Authors: Peng Bo , Huang Xueliang , Xie Lan‐Gui , Maulide Nuno
Published: January 2015

The metal‐free procedure can be applied to various aryl sulfoxides and ynamides bearing a terminal oxazolidone to afford α‐arylated acyl compounds in a redox‐neutral, atom‐economic fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Carbon Atoms by the Lewis Base Catalyzed Additions of Silyl Ketene Imines to Aldehydes.
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Wilson Tyler W. , Burk Matthew T.
Published: January 2015

The presented reaction gives alcohols bearing quaternary stereocenters in high yields and excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities tolerating a broad scope of aliphatic and aromatic substituents on both, the aldehyde and ketene imine.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 9,9′‐Bifluorenylidene Derivatives via Dual C—H Activation of Bis‐biaryl Alkynes.
Authors: Zhao Jian , Asao Naoki , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Jin Tienan
Published: January 2015

The combination of MnO2 with PivOH/PdCl2 is found to be optimal for the preparation of the title compounds with a broad spectrum of functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclopropane Derivatives of Oxindole.
Authors: Oseka Maksim , Noole Artur , Zari Sergei , Oeeren Mario , Jaerving Ivar , Lopp Margus , Kanger Tonis
Published: January 2015

The title reaction is based on the Michael addition of 3‐chlorooxindole (I) to unsaturated 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds (II) and (IV), followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermolysis of 4‐Diazotetrahydrofuran‐3‐ones: Total Change of Reaction Course Compared to Photolysis.
Authors: Rodina Ludmila L. , Medvedev Jury J. , Galkina Olesia S. , Nikolaev Valerij A.
Published: January 2015

The title reaction furnishes 2,2,4,5‐substituted 3(2H)‐furanones as a result of 1,2‐alkyl (aryl) shift.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Domino Michael—Alkylation—Rearrangement Reaction: A Synthetic Route to Functionalized 2,3‐Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Zhang Ren‐Zun , Meng Chang‐Yu , Xie Jian‐Wu , Xu Mei‐Lan , Zhu Wei‐Dong
Published: January 2015

2,3‐Dihydrofurans are formed from acetyl‐derived 2‐halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and dienes in the presence of potassium hydroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to 3‐Arylindoles Through a Tandem One‐Pot Protocol Involving Dearomatization, a Regioselective Michael Addition Reaction, and Rearomatization.
Authors: Chittimalla Santhosh Kumar , Bandi Chennakesavulu , Putturu Sireesha , Kuppusamy Rajesh , Boellaard Kevin Christopher , Tan David Chu Aan , Lum Demi Ming Jie
Published: January 2015

Oxidation of 2‐methoxy phenol derivatives in the presence of methanol provides dearomatized oxygenated intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Tandem Reduction of Oxo and Ene/Yne Functionalities by Hydrazine: Synthesis of Substituted Oxindoles from Isatins.
Authors: Jha Mukund , Shelke Ganesh M. , Kumar Anil
Published: January 2015

An unique one‐pot, catalyst‐free tandem reduction of oxo and ene/yne functionalities of substituted isatins is disclosed for the synthesis of oxindole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐1H‐indazoles via Iridium‐Catalyzed C—H Borylation and Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling.
Authors: Egan Ben A. , Burton Paul M.
Published: January 2015

Boronic esters, prepared by iridium‐catalyzed regioselective C3‐borylation undergo Suzuki—Miyaura coupling with various aryl halides to afford the corresponding 3‐arylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective C2‐Amidation of Indoles with N‐(2,4,6‐Trichlorobenzoyloxy)amides and Its Synthetic Application to the Development of a Novel potential PPARγ Modulator.
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Zhao Guanguan , Wang Xiaowei , Xu H. Eric , Yi Wei
Published: January 2015

The first direct regioselective C2‐amidation of pyrimidyl‐protected indoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Templated Enantioselective Enamine/H‐Bonding Dual Activation Catalysis.
Authors: Huo Haohua , Fu Chen , Wang Chuanyong , Harms Klaus , Meggers Eric
Published: January 2015

The Ir(III) complex IRC constitutes one of the most efficient catalyst for the enantioselective α‐amination of aldehydes with catalyst loadings down to 0.1 mol%.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur—Carbon Bond Formation Through Ring‐Opening of Triazolothiadiazole with Organometallics.
Authors: Othman Raja Ben , Massip Stephane , Marchivie Mathieu , Jarry Christian , Vercouillie Johnny , Chalon Sylvie , Guillaumet Gerald , Suzenet Franck , Routier Sylvain
Published: January 2015

S‐substituted thiotriazoles are formed from triazolothiadiazoles and arylcuprates, Grignard‐reagents and organolithium compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Michael—Intramolecular Transesterification—Elimination Reaction of 3,4‐Dihydro‐3‐nitrochromen‐2‐ones and β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Oxo Esters: An Efficient Access to 2‐Pyrone Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi
Published: January 2015

A new and efficient method for the preparation of 2‐oxopyrone‐6‐carboxylates under mild conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Perfluoroalkylated Phenanthridines via Radical Perfluoroalkylation of Isonitriles.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Studer Armido
Published: January 2015

The reaction can be also carried out in the absence of NiCl2 under otherwise identical conditions providing the products in slightly inferior yields in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Construction of Densely Functionalized Thiopyrano[2,3‐b]quinolines via Three‐Component Reactions Catalyzed by L‐Proline.
Authors: Kanani Mehul B. , Patel Manish P.
Published: January 2015

The products are developed as starting points for drug discovery.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Cascade Reaction of Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals with N‐Substituted Maleimide to Synthesise Bicyclic Pyrrolidinone Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Jin , Zhang Hai‐Rui , Lin Xin‐Rong , Yan Sheng‐Jiao , Lin Jun
Published: January 2015

The title reaction provides a facile access to a wide variety of bicyclic pyrrolidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free MCR for Linking Quinoxaline Framework with a Benzimidazole Nucleus: A New Strategy for the Identification of Novel Hybrid Molecules as Potential Inducers of Apoptosis.
Authors: Sunke Rajnikanth , Babu P. Vijaya , Yellanki Swapna , Medishetti Raghavender , Kulkarni Pushkar , Pal Manojit
Published: January 2015

Benzimidazole functionalized quinoxalines are prepared in a multi‐component‐reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic Access to Silylated and Germylated Binuclear Heterocycles.
Authors: Boddaert Thomas , Francois Cyril , Mistico Laetitia , Querolle Olivier , Meerpoel Lieven , Angibaud Patrick , Durandetti Muriel , Maddaluno Jacques
Published: January 2015

The sila‐Matteson rearrangement is studied to allow access to silicon‐containing binuclear heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Marine Pyridoacridine Alkaloid Demethyldeoxyamphimedine.
Authors: Melzer Benedikt , Plodek Alois , Bracher Franz
Published: January 2015

A straightforward synthesis of the title compound starting from commercially building blocks in four steps with an overall yield of 6.4% is developed
ChemInform Abstract: Agelamadins A and B, Dimeric Bromopyrrole Alkaloids from a Marine Sponge Agelas sp.
Authors: Kusama Taishi , Tanaka Naonobu , Sakai Kanae , Gonoi Tohru , Fromont Jane , Kashiwada Yoshiki , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: January 2015

Title compounds (I) show antimicrobial activity against B.
ChemInform Abstract: Entangled Structures in Polyoxometalate‐Based Coordination Polymers
Authors: He Wen‐Wen , Li Shun‐Li , Zang Hong‐Ying , Yang Guang‐Sheng , Zhang Shu‐Ran , Su Zhong‐Min , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: January 2015

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stimuli‐Responsive Photonic Polymer Coatings
Authors: Stumpel Jelle E. , Broer Dirk J. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J.
Published: January 2015

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Evolution of Epoxides to Synthesize β‐Amino Alcohols
Authors: Weng Chenchen , Zhang Hongyu , Xiong Xiaoxia , Lu Xiulian , Zhou Yifeng
Published: January 2015

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Catalytic Olefin Epoxidation with Molybdenum Complexes
Authors: Mueller Christina , Grover Nidhi , Cokoja Mirza , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: January 2015

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview of the Synthetic Routes to the Best Selling Drugs Containing 6‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Baxendale Ian R.
Published: January 2015

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Physicochemical Properties and Reactivity of Naphthyridine Derivatives: An Overview
Authors: Anwair Massud A. S. , Zeglam Talal H. , Fhid Omran N. , Siaan Mohamed M. , Elmajeri Mosbah A.
Published: January 2015

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Features and Applications of Metal‐organic Frameworks Containing Thiazole‐ and Thiazolidine‐based Spacers
Authors: Rossin A. , Giambastiani G.
Published: January 2015

Review: 63 refs.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ferrocenylquinoline as a Potential Antileishmanial Agent
Authors: Yousuf Md , Mukherjee Debarati , Pal Abhishek , Dey Somaditya , Mandal Supratim , Pal Chiranjib , Adhikari Susanta
Published: January 2015

The emergence of resistance against antileishmanial drugs in current use necessitates the search for new classes of antileishmanial compounds. Herein we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel ferrocenylquinoline for activity against Leishmania donovani. 7‐Chloro‐N‐[2‐(1H‐5‐ferrocenyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)ethyl]quinolin‐4‐amine (1) was generated by coupling an iron(II) ethynylferrocene species with 4‐(2‐ethylazido)amino‐7‐chloroquinoline using click chemistry. The synthesized compound 1 was tested for its antileishmanial activity using both promastigote and amastigote stages of L. donovani. Compound 1 showed promising anti‐promastigote activity, with an IC50 value of 15.26 μM and no cytotoxicity toward host splenocytes. From the battery of tests conducted in this study, it appears that this compound induces parasite death by promoting oxidative stress and depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby triggering apoptosis. These results suggest that ferrocenylquinoline 1 is a suitable lead for the development of new antileishmanial drugs.
Social sensing enhanced time estimation for bus service
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Juan , Cui Xiaohui , Niu Xiaoguang , Sun Xiaoping , Zhou Jing
Published: January 2015

The precise prediction of bus routes or the arrival time of buses for a traveler can enhance the quality of bus service. However, many social factors influence people's preferences for taking buses. These social factors may include heavy traffic cost, traffic congestion, poor air quality and so forth. Existing prediction techniques rarely consider social sensing when predicting the bus arrival time. Accordingly, this paper proposes a social sensing enhanced service for predicting bus routes, which integrates sensing ability and social networks to understand and measure the influence between social events and vehicle velocity. We focus on the analysis of two different attributions: PT service quality attributions PEAs and road condition attributions PRCAs. Both of them synthesize the social sensing in their evaluation of bus routes. PEA represents individual preferences and PRCA represents physical factors that significantly influence vehicle velocity. Bus relevant social events were further categorized into PEA events or PRCA events. PEAs of buses were scored according to the tendency of bus conditions reflected in social events. Furthermore, an artificial neural network prediction model is established to estimate the bus travel time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptomics of two evolutionary novelties: how to make a sperm‐transfer organ out of an anal fin and a sexually selected “sword” out of a caudal fin
Authors: Kang Ji Hyoun , Manousaki Tereza , Franchini Paolo , Kneitz Susanne , Schartl Manfred , Meyer Axel
Published: January 2015

Swords are exaggerated male ornaments of swordtail fishes that have been of great interest to evolutionary biologists ever since Darwin described them in the Descent of Man (1871). They are a novel sexually selected trait derived from modified ventral caudal fin rays and are only found in the genus Xiphophorus. Another phylogenetically more widespread and older male trait is the gonopodium, an intromittent organ found in all poeciliid fishes, that is derived from a modified anal fin. Despite many evolutionary and behavioral studies on both traits, little is known so far about the molecular mechanisms underlying their development. By investigating transcriptomic changes (utilizing a RNA‐Seq approach) in response to testosterone treatment in the swordtail fish, Xiphophorus hellerii, we aimed to better understand the architecture of the gene regulatory networks underpinning the development of these two evolutionary novelties. Large numbers of genes with tissue‐specific expression patterns were identified. Among the “sword genes” those involved in embryonic organ development, sexual character development and coloration were highly expressed, while in the gonopodium rather more morphogenesis‐related genes were found. Interestingly, many genes and genetic pathways are shared between both developing novel traits derived from median fins: the sword and the gonopodium. Our analyses show that a larger set of gene networks was co‐opted during the development and evolution of the “older” gonopodium than in the “younger,” and morphologically less complex trait, the sword. We provide a catalog of candidate genes for future efforts to dissect the development of those sexually selected exaggerated male traits in swordtails.
Contrasting genetic diversity and population structure among three sympatric Madagascan shorebirds: parallels with rarity, endemism, and dispersal
Authors: Eberhart‐Phillips Luke J. , Hoffman Joseph I. , Brede Edward G. , Zefania Sama , Kamrad Martina J. , Székely Tamás , Bruford Michael W.
Published: January 2015

Understanding the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to population structure and genetic diversity is a central goal of conservation and evolutionary genetics. One way to achieve this is through comparative population genetic analysis of sympatric sister taxa, which allows evaluation of intrinsic factors such as population demography and life history while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and geography. We used ten conserved microsatellites to explore the population structure and genetic diversity of three sympatric and closely related plover species in southwestern Madagascar: Kittlitz's plover (Charadrius pecuarius), white‐fronted plover (C. marginatus), and Madagascar plover (C. thoracicus). Bayesian clustering revealed strong population structure in the rare and endemic Madagascar plover, intermediate population structure in the white‐fronted plover, and no detectable population structure in the geographically widespread Kittlitz's plover. In contrast, allelic richness and heterozygosity were highest for the Kittlitz's plover, intermediate for the white‐fronted plover and lowest for the Madagascar plover. No evidence was found in support of the “watershed mechanism” proposed to facilitate vicariant divergence of Madagascan lemurs and reptiles, which we attribute to the vagility of birds. However, we found a significant pattern of genetic isolation by distance among populations of the Madagascar plover, but not for the other two species. These findings suggest that interspecific variation in rarity, endemism, and dispersal propensity may influence genetic structure and diversity, even in highly vagile species.
The NF‐κB regulator Bcl‐3 modulates inflammation during contact hypersensitivity reactions in radioresistant cells
Authors: Tassi Ilaria , Rikhi Nimisha , Claudio Estefania , Wang Hongshan , Tang Wanhu , Ha Hye‐lin , Saret Sun , Kaplan Daniel H. , Siebenlist Ulrich
Published: January 2015

Bcl‐3 is an atypical member of the IκB family. Bcl‐3 functions as a cofactor of p50/NF‐κB1 or p52/NF‐κB2 homodimers in nuclei, where it modulates NF‐κB‐regulated transcription in a context‐dependent way. Bcl‐3 has tumorigenic potential, is critical in host defense of pathogens, and has been reported to ameliorate or exacerbate inflammation, depending on disease model. However, cell‐specific functions of Bcl‐3 remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the role of Bcl‐3 in a contact hypersensitivity (CHS) mouse model, which depends on the interplay between keratinocytes and immune cells. Bcl‐3‐deficient mice exhibited an exacerbated and prolonged CHS response to oxazolone. Increased inflammation correlated with higher production of chemokines CXCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10, and consequently increased recruitment of neutrophils and CD8+ T cells. BM chimera experiments indicated that the ability of Bcl‐3 to reduce the CHS response depended on Bcl‐3 activity in radioresistant cells. Specific ablation of Bcl‐3 in keratinocytes resulted in increased production of CXCL9 and CXCL10 and sustained recruitment of specifically CD8+ T cells. These findings identify Bcl‐3 as a critical player during the later stage of the CHS reaction to limit inflammation via actions in radioresistant cells, including keratinocytes.
Simultaneous optical and impedance analysis of single cells: A comparison of two microfluidic sensors with sheath flow focusing
Authors: Frankowski Marcin , Simon Peter , Bock Nicole , El‐Hasni Akram , Schnakenberg Uwe , Neukammer Jörg
Published: January 2015

Systems with disposable microfluidic cartridges are demanded for in vitro point‐of‐care diagnostics. Here, we developed two microfluidic sensors for flow cytometry cell differentiation based on the combined analysis of electrical impedance and optical properties of microparticles and blood cells. Both microdevices incorporate 1D sheath flow focusing to confine particles in a defined plane. For one sensor, a novel approach based on electroplating of gold was used in combination with lithography in SU‐8. Electrodes for differential measurements are integrated into the flow channel perpendicularly to the plane of the substrate. For the manufacturing of the second sensor, we applied double‐etched glass structures with integrated sputtered Pt electrode pairs. Stability of hydrodynamic focusing was benchmarked by measuring the coefficients of variations of calibration beads with specified size and fluorescence intensities. Sensitivity of electrical impedance measured in the MHz frequency range allowed detection of beads with a diameter of 1 μm when using side scatter as trigger signal. Measured particles were moving at a velocity of up to 6 m/s. Differentiation of leukocytes was achieved by simultaneous detection of impedance signals, correlated with intrinsic electrical properties of cells, and fluorescence measurements using standard protocols for immunophenotyping of white blood cells. The resulting separation of cell clusters is similar to that of microdevices with 2D hydrodynamic focusing and routine flow cytometers.
Closing the Lifecycle of Rare Earth Magnets: Discovery of Neodymium in Slag from Steel Mills
Authors: Bandara H. M. Dhammika , Mantell Mark A. , Darcy Julia W. , Emmert Marion H.
Published: January 2015

Analysis of slag from steel mini‐mills reveals that substantial amounts of the rare earth element neodymium (Nd, an average of 0.032 wt % in the tested samples) are present in this waste product. This provides insight into a currently unknown part of the rare earth lifecycle after the end‐of‐life for rare earth magnet motors. Furthermore, slag from steel mini‐mills that reprocess steel scrap is therefore an important potential source of the rare earth element Nd especially in countries without established mining operations or direct access to rare earth ores.
Risk‐Based Compliance Monitoring Becoming More Tailored in 2015
Authors: Carpentier Deborah
Published: January 2015

The North American Electric Reliability Corporation's (NERC's) revised and recently deployed compliance monitoring and enforcement program is intended to create a unique compliance monitoring program for each registered entity based on the inherent risk each entity poses to the reliability of the Bulk Power System (BPS). This revised program is intended to provide a reasonable assurance of BPS reliability while allowing NERC and its regional entities to focus their compliance monitoring and enforcement resources on issues that pose the greatest risk to reliability. For registered entities, the program has the potential to result in lighter‐handed compliance oversight where the registered entity poses a lower risk to the BPS and has internal controls in place that mitigate the entity's BPS risk by helping to prevent, detect, and correct reliability standards violations.
A Review of the Design Strategies for Tailored Cathode Catalyst Materials in Rechargeable Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Song Kyeongse , Agyeman Daniel Adjei , Jung Jaepyeong , Jo Mi Ru , Yang Junghoon , Kang Yong‐Mook
Published: January 2015

For the purpose of reducing not only the consumption of natural resources, but also the environmental pollution from internal combustion engines, much effort has been dedicated to developing new energy storage systems (ESSs) and electric vehicles (EVs) powered by batteries. There are several stringent requirements, such as high power/energy density, good safety, and high reliability against external environmental abuse. For next‐generation batteries to meet these requirements, the development of a new energy conversion system is crucial. Therefore, lithium‐oxygen (lithium‐O2) batteries have attracted intensive attention, due to their high theoretical energy density, compared with those of gasoline engines. However, present lithium‐O2 batteries exhibit low round‐trip efficiency and cyclic degradation, thus preventing their commercialization as next‐generation power sources. This drawback may be attributed to the high thermodynamic stability of discharge products and their intrinsic insulating character, leading to the surge of polarization in oxygen reduction reactions/oxygen evolution reactions (ORRs/OERs). To alleviate cyclic degradation and improve round‐trip efficiency, it has been reported that the polarization can be reduced by adopting adequate cathode catalysts, based on their surface structures regulating oxygen adsorption. Here we provide and discuss several design strategies for tailoring catalytic materials from a structural and morphological viewpoint, as well as their effect on discharge products.
Ab initio calculation of anion proton affinity and ionization potential for energetic ionic liquids
Authors: Carlin Caleb , Gordon Mark S.
Published: January 2015

Developing a better understanding of the bulk properties of ionic liquids requires accurate measurements of the underlying molecular properties that help to determine the bulk behavior. Two computational methods are used in this work: second‐order perturbation theory (MP2) and completely renormalized coupled cluster theory [CR‐CC(2,3)], to calculate the proton affinity and ionization potential of a set of anions that are of interest for use in protic, energetic ionic liquids. Compared with experimental values, both methods predict similarly accurate proton affinities, but CR‐CC(2,3) predicts significantly more accurate ionization potentials. It is concluded that more time intensive methods like CR‐CC(2,3) are required in calculations involving open shell states like the ionization potential. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation of juniper berry essential oil: kinetic modeling and chemical composition
Authors: Pavićević Vladimir P , Marković Miljana S , Milojević Svetomir Ž , Ristić Mihailo S , Povrenović Dragan S , Veljković Vlada B
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) has widely been used to isolate essential oil from various plant materials, but it has not been applied yet to extract essential oil from juniper berries. The main goals of the present work were to establish a model describing the extraction kinetics and the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained.

RESULTS

A lower final essential oil yield from juniper berries was obtained by MAHD than by conventional hydrodistillation (HD). No significant differences in chemical compositions of the essential oils extracted by the two techniques were observed. The mechanism of both processes was the same and included fast (washing) and slow (diffusion) distillation of essential oil that occurred simultaneously.

CONCLUSION

The kinetic model involving simultaneous washing and diffusion of essential oil was verified for various plant materials (areal parts of savory and thyme, fennel seeds and juniper berries) for both MAHD and HD that indicated its general importance. For the first time, the kinetic models of MAHD and HD were compared. Knowledge of the juniper berry essential oil yield and the extraction kinetics is of importance from the technological and economics points of view, while the chemical composition determines its use. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Knowing and Doing Between the Academic and Policy Worlds in Development Assistance
Authors: Brigg Morgan , Curth‐Bibb Jodie , Strakosch Elizabeth , Weber Martin
Published: January 2015

Policy professionals overseeing the provision of development assistance and their critical academic counterparts are often at odds with each other. Although many agree that it is useful to deal with this tension, current efforts to do so tend to exhort each to be more like the other under the rhetoric of ‘evidence‐based policy’. Meanwhile, the differences between these players are kept alive by mutual misunderstandings that can border upon stereotyping. This paper reflects on this situation from the perspective of the critical academic and offers an enhanced understanding of key positions and misapprehensions to contribute to a foundation for improved relationships. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tritium labelling of a cholesterol amphiphile designed for cell membrane anchoring of proteins
Authors: Schäfer Balázs , Orbán Erika , Kele Zoltán , Tömböly Csaba
Published: January 2015

Cell membrane association of proteins can be achieved by the addition of lipid moieties to the polypeptide chain, and such lipid‐modified proteins have important biological functions. A class of cell surface proteins contains a complex glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid at the C‐terminus, and they are accumulated in cholesterol‐rich membrane microdomains, that is, lipid rafts. Semisynthetic lipoproteins prepared from recombinant proteins and designed lipids are valuable probes and model systems of the membrane‐associated proteins. Because GPI‐anchored proteins can be reinserted into the cell membrane with the retention of the biological function, they are appropriate candidates for preparing models via reduction of the structural complexity. A synthetic headgroup was added to the 3β‐hydroxyl group of cholesterol, an essential lipid component of rafts, and the resulting cholesterol derivative was used as a simplified GPI mimetic. In order to quantitate the membrane integrated GPI mimetic after the exogenous addition to live cells, a tritium labelled cholesterol anchor was prepared. The radioactive label was introduced into the headgroup, and the radiolabelled GPI mimetic anchor was obtained with a specific activity of 1.37 TBq/mmol. The headgroup labelled cholesterol derivative was applied to demonstrate the sensitive detection of the cell membrane association of the anchor under in vivo conditions.