bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selected intriguing forms of treatment for chronic heart failure – data from
international observational registries
Authors: Ozierański Krzysztof
Published: May 2020

The presented paper gathers the results of three publications based on
prospective, international, observation registries of patients with heart
failure (HF) – HF Pilot, HF Long-Term and QUALIFY (The quality of
adherence to guideline recommendations for life-saving treatment in heart failure). The aim of the analysis was to assess the effect of beta-blockers
on prognosis in HF with associated atrial fibrillation; to compare
the effectiveness of furosemide and torasemide in HF; and to assess the
adherence of physicians in Poland to European recommendations.
797 patients were included in the analysis assessing the effects of beta-blockers.
Patients with a beta blocker compared to those without were less likely
to achieve primary (all-cause death; 10.9% vs 25.6%, p = 0.001) and secondary
(all-cause death or HF hospitalization; 30.6% vs 44.2%, p = 0.02)
endpoints. Beta-blocker was an independent predictor of only the primary
endpoint (HR 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31–0.89; p = 0.02). Both endpoints were least
frequently observed in the group with a heart rate of 80–109/min.
In the group of 1440 patients with HF, it was shown that patients treated
with torasemide compared to furosemide were less likely to experience
secondary (death from any cause or HF hospitalization; 26.4% vs
34.7%; p = 0.04), but not primary (death from any cause; 9.8% vs 14.1%;
p = 0.13) endpoint. Patients treated with furosemide also had a greater
severity of HF symptoms in NYHA class (p = 0.04).
Adherence of physicians in Poland to HF treatment guidelines was also
analyzed. An analysis of 209 HF outpatients with reduced left ventricular
ejection fraction showed a satisfactory adherence to the recommended
HF therapy in 72% of cases.
Parameters optimization of MAG welding
for enhancing the mechanical properties
and buckling behaviour of welded steel
Authors: Alwan A.H. , Mahmood N.Y.
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The influence of metal active gas welding variables, including current, wire
feeding speed and gas flow rate on the ultimate tensile strength and critical buckling load of
steel (St.24) and the optimized welding conditions were discussed.
Design/methodology/approach: The experimental steps are firstly designing the
experiments, secondly conducting the mechanical tests, thirdly analysing the results through
Minitab 16 and finally determining the optimum welding parameters. Confirmation tests of
the optimized variables were validated.
Findings: ANOVA approach manifested that the significant effect of welding variable on the
tensile strength was the gas flow rate, while the current was on the critical buckling load. The
results are confirmed and given the optimum values.
Research limitations/implications: The influence of MAG welding variables (current,
wire feeding speed and gas flow rate) on the tensile and buckling strengths of steel will be
investigated in order to avoid the failure of many welded assemblies in the structures due
to the buckling, in addition to reduce the requirement of long time and high cost to produce
such assemblies. Therefore, it is necessary to find a solution to encounter the difficulties in
their welding process.
Practical implications: The major challenge was how to reduce the time and cost beside
gaining the optimum properties through the designed experiments.
Originality/value: The results may be helpful to design any welded joints in machine
frames, structural steel connections and crane structures at the optimum condition.
Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wittke Henry Alexander
Published: May 2020

The ongoing and seemingly unstoppable digital transformation brings forth new options, opportunities but also challenges to individuals, organizations, companies and societies alike. Governments are alarmed, realizing the potential consequences on the workforce, while also being apparently helpless against uncontrollable and powerful digital players such as Google or Facebook. As Henry Wittke shows, recent breakthroughs in the field of machine learning increase the potential of Artificial Intelligence to disrupt the world’s largest industries. Wittke attempts to provide a basic framework of what constitutes AI as well as to assess its impact on the Information Economy. What happens in case of rising mass unemployment or social inequality? What will be the effect on labor as a value system for today’s societies? Could the entire notion of capitalism be questioned in the wake of AI? The book aims to draw conclusions and give recommendations to policymakers.
Integrated Approach towards Participatory Development of Urban Neighborhood Spaces: Chennai, India
Authors: Razak Mohamed Abdul
Published: May 2020

The social living of the urban households depends on the physical manifestation of spaces arranged to carry out their day-to-day activities of members including children, adult, women, men, old age, and differently able persons. Urban neighborhoods undergo changes in the spaces in house and building, places in a locality, and the overall built form. The city spaces experience transformation in the house spaces and common places, and the built form experienced the residential character change towards commercial and other nonresidential uses in the neighborhood. The impact of the spatial transformation demands to make redevelopment strategies to resolve the conflict between residential and commercial spaces in the neighborhood. So, the need for an integrated approach towards “Participatory Redevelopment” (PRD) of the urban neighborhood becomes a challenge for the city planners. The new planning model on PRD as an integrated approach developed by the author is followed in the redevelopment project hosted by the Corporation of Chennai. The PRD approach used “C-TC-C” model to follow participation as “Collective-Target Centered-Collective”. The PRD adopts the approach called the five-pillar system (FPS). These aspects are the main focus of this chapter within the context of T. Nagar, a residential neighborhood transforming into a busy retail commercial market area and residential living and parking spaces situated in the midst of Chennai City, the capital of the Tamil Nadu State in India.
Determination of the Properties of (p, q)‐Sigmoid Polynomials and the Structure of Their Roots
Authors: Yoog Kang Jung
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, many mathematicians have great concern about p q -numbers, which are various applications, and have studied these numbers in many different research areas. We know that p q -numbers are different to q -numbers because of the symmetric property. We find the addition theorem, recurrence formula, and p q -derivative about sigmoid polynomials including p q -numbers. Also, we derive the relevant symmetric relations between p q -sigmoid polynomials and p q -Euler polynomials. Moreover, we observe the structures of appreciative roots and fixed points about p q -sigmoid polynomials. By using the fixed points of p q -sigmoid polynomials and Newton’s algorithm, we show self-similarity and conjectures about p q -sigmoid polynomials.
Development of Support System Modeled on Robot Suit HAL for Personalized Education and Learning
Authors: Tsujioka Keiko
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is to maintain quality education for each student who has her/his own differentiation and needs. To achieve it, we have developed our support system for education and learning. We have examined this support system, whether it improved or did not improve the performance of 98 students in 2015, compared with that in 2014. The results have shown to be more significant than those of the previous year. Moreover, we have observed that students’ behavior toward projects have been becoming greater autonomy and positive attitude in practical class. From those results, we might be able to say that this support system works effectively in personalized education and learning (PEL) by using big data processing.
Sheep Feeding in the Sahel Countries of Africa
Authors: Nantoumé Hamidou
Published: May 2020

With an area estimated to 3.053 million km2, the Sahel has a quickly growing population. According to CILSS, there will be 100 million people in the region by 2020 and 200 million by 2050, almost four times the current population. The region, frequently struck by drought and food insecurity, is one of the areas most severely affected by global climate change in the coming years. With up to 80% of its people living on less than $2 a day, poverty is more widespread in the Sahel than in most other parts of Africa. Sheep farming is very important for the Sahel countries. It does not require a high input at its beginning, so even women and children are involved in small ruminant raising. They provide food and play important socioeconomic factors. However, productivity of livestock including the one of sheep is low. Nutrition is the most important constraint in sheep farming especially during the dry season when both availability and quality of forages are low. The most complex and limiting production factors in sheep farming for the Sahel countries are those concerning nutrition and feed supplies. The objective of this review chapter was to describe the major nutritional constraints to sheep farming systems in the Sahel countries and explore ways of overcoming the most important constraints for efficient and sustainable sheep feeding. Issues addressed in this review include causes of undernutrition and environmental implications, adaptation by sheep to it, and manipulative strategies to cope with feed scarcity in smallholder sheep farming systems.
Self-Healing in Titanium Alloys: A Materials Science Perspective
Authors: Sunday Nnamchi Paul , Sunday Obayi Camillus
Published: May 2020

Self-healing materials (SHM’s) is an emerging class of smart materials, which are capable of autonomous or spontaneous repair of their damage under external stimuli, such as heat, light, and solvent, to the original or near original functionalities much like the biological organisms. The emergence of self-healing in metallic materials presents an exciting paradigm for an ideal combination of metallic and biological properties. The driving force behind this effort is to decrease the consequences of accidents, reduction of cost and extending the service life of metallic components. While previous reviews have focused on self-healing in polymers, composite, concrete and cementous materials, and ceramic, discussions about self-healing in metallic materials remains scarce and the survey of literatures suggests Ti-based self-healing materials known to be biocompatible in human body is rare. The present chapter examines the art of self-healing in titanium-based alloys with the scope to provide an overview of recent advancements and to highlight current problems and perspectives with respect to potential application.
Pheromones and Chemical Communication in Insects
Authors: M. Abd El-Ghany Nesreen
Published: May 2020

Chemical communication is an essential item for insects’ survivals that qualify them to adapt their behavior depending on the surrounding environment. Semiochemicals defined as informative molecules (M) mainly play an important role that conveys specific chemical messages between insect and insect and plant and insect. Olfaction mechanism in insects is a key point of chemical communication between the same and different insect species. Discrimination of various odors through the olfaction system depends only on the evolutionary pressures of the molecules which stimulate the development of specific binding proteins (BPs) and specific receptor sites present on individual chemosensory neurons. Pheromones are defined as species-specific chemical signals which enable communication between life-forms of the same species. Recently, semiochemicals become as alternative or complementary components to insecticide approaches in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Pheromones are secreted by insects causing a specific reaction, for example, either a definite behavior or a developmental process. Pheromones have been classified into eight various types: aggregation pheromones, alarm pheromones, oviposition-deterrent pheromones, home recognition pheromones, sex pheromones, trail pheromones, recruitment pheromones, and royal pheromones. Pheromones are promising and can be used singly or in integration with other control strategies for monitoring and controlling insect pests in agricultural systems.
Dietary Factors, Salivary Parameters, and Dental Caries
Authors: Zabokova Bilbilova Efka
Published: May 2020

Diet and oral microflora are connected to caries along with host factors such as salivary composition and flow. The only component of the food with potentially cariogenic effect is fermentable carbohydratе sucrose. Sucrose is generally accepted as the most cariogenic dietary factor, and consumption of sucrose is associated with the frequency of dental caries in humans. Saliva is a biological environment, important for the physiology of the mouth. It achieves its mechanical functions of cleaning and protection through various physical and biochemical mechanisms. Bicarbonates, phosphates, and proteins have a buffer role in the saliva environment. Other compounds or enzymes in this group acting as prophylactic buffers are urea, salivary amylases, and fluorides.
Nanotechnological Approaches in Sustainable Agriculture and Plant Disease Management
Authors: Das Siddhartha , Pattanayak Sudeepta
Published: May 2020

Every year approximately 30–50% of crops suffer with different kinds of biotic stresses. Rapidly growing agrochemical industries and their diverse products make the environment more toxic and simultaneously hazardous for plant heath and soil health. Such types of agrochemicals are toxic, hazardous, carcinogenic, non-eco-friendly. Therefore, this is the ideal time to think about some more effective alternatives against those problems. Nanotechnological approaches bring the alternatives in the form of decreasing toxicity, improving shelf-life, increasing solubility for poorly water-soluble agrochemicals, minimum use with maximum effect, slow leaching efficiency with long-term effect with coupling of eco-friendly naturalistic way. The way of nanoparticle application in agriculture, specifically disease management, is unique, where it can be used singly or by coupling with fungicidal, herbicidal, insecticidal, RNA-interference molecules. Though it has such a positive impact, very few products will be commercially available in our market due to high price of particular products and well-established long field trial efficacy detection among insect, pest-pathogen, and environment. Application of nanomolecules in other progressive fields has been emerging, whereas advancement in agricultural applications needs to be boosted up through skilled knowledge transfer and basic understanding of its fundamental aspect.
Cuando los escombros generan valor: del control de las alteraciones a la valorización del legado minero
Authors: Tsiouti Andri
Published: May 2020

La crisis general de la minería en los años 60 y 70 deja una inmensa cantidad de vestigios dispersos por toda España. Las extracciones alteran gravemente el medio natural, lo que se intenta paliar con disposiciones legales que se van actualizando desde los 80. Se realizan proyectos de restauración en varias explotaciones, que al principio se limitan a intervenciones sencillas de corrección paisajística. Al crecer la sensibilidad ambiental, aparecen proyectos más ambiciosos. Al mismo tiempo, las minas se empiezan a apreciar como lugares de memoria e identidad local. Sin embargo, la preocupación por eliminar la contaminación da lugar, a menudo, a la destrucción de este patrimonio. Este artículo examina primero la evolución de la legislación minera en relación con los proyectos de restauración. Y a continuación plantea algunas reflexiones sobre el difícil equilibrio entre la remediación ambiental y la valorización patrimonial en la experiencia española.

The general crisis of mining sector in the 60s and 70s leaves a huge amount of traces dispersed throughout Spain. Besides that, extractive operations provoke serious alterations on the natural environment that start to be controlled by legal regulations which are being renovated since the 80s. In this context, restoration works get place in various mining sites which in the beginning are limited to simple landscape interventions. Since environmental awareness increases, some more ambitious projects start to appear. At the same time, mines start to be valued as places of memory and local identity. However, the necessity to eliminate contamination results, in many cases, to the destruction of mining heritage. The article examines the evolution of mining legislation in relation to restoration projects. And secondly, some reflections are offered on the difficult balance between environmental remediation and heritage valorisationthrough examples from Spain.
Retorno de paisajes culturales mineros: transformación de las Minas de Zollverein en Essen, Ruhr
Authors: Romero Branchadell Kyra
Published: May 2020

Las regiones industriales sufren cierta transformación cuando su actividad principal queda obsoleta. Frente a la decadencia, ciudades como Essen en la región del Ruhr, ven la oportunidad de desarrollo sostenible en la regeneración de sus espacios industriales claves como es el caso de la mina de carbón Zollverein.  En este artículo se estudia el camino que toma la ciudad por una parte y la fábrica por otra, para regenerar su actividad principal de la industria pesada a la cultural, con hincapié en la regeneración ambiental. Finalmente se comparan ambos caminos, que en realidad fluyen en paralelo, en una ambiciosa sucesión de transformaciones que culminan con grandes eventos como IBA Emscher Park, la Capital Cultural Europea o la Capital Verde Europea, así como importantes reconocimientos como el de Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO. Por tanto, queda probada la efectividad de las intervenciones, al menos, por el momento.

Industrial regions go through transformations when their main activity becomes obsolete. Facing the decline, cities like Essen in the Ruhr region, see the opportunity for sustainable development in the regeneration of their key industrial spaces such as the Zollverein coal mine. This article studies the way the city on the one hand and the factory on the other, shift their main activity from heavy industry to cultural industry, with an emphasis on environmental regeneration. Finally, both paths are compared, which actually flow in parallel, in an ambitious succession of transformations that culminate in major events such as IBA Emscher Park, the European Cultural Capital or the European Green Capital, as well as important recognitions such as World Heritage for the UNESCO. Therefore, the effectiveness of the interventions is proven, at least, for now.
Tecnologías de información geográfica para la gestión del patrimonio territorial: los paisajes culturales de la sal en Chile
Authors: Román López Emilia , González Loyola Mauricio Sebastián
Published: May 2020

La presente investigación ofrece resultados sobre el estudio de los paisajes culturales salados en Chile y su relación con los existentes en España, concretamente en Andalucía. El interés reside en estudiar áreas con latitudes y culturas similares, ya que las salinas estudiadas utilizan técnicas de producción artesanal, con grandependencia de los ciclos estacionales y la posición geográfica, al utilizar energías renovables. El aspecto cultural también es fundamental, pues ha determinado la aplicación y desarrollo de técnicas de explotación heredadas de la tradición española desde hace más de 400 años, aunque previamente existían salares “naturales” de explotación indígena. Actualmente este valioso patrimonio cultural presenta un importante proceso de abandono y olvido por parte de la sociedad chilena, al igual que ocurre en España. Esta circunstancia es una de las principales causas de su acelerado deterioro y desaparición en los últimos años y, por ello, se pretende fortalecer su conocimiento mediante el empleo de las TIGs.

This research offers results on the study of cultural saltplants in Chile and their relationship with those existing in Spain, specifically in Andalusia. The interest lies in studying areas with similar latitudes and cultures, since the salinas studied use handcrafted production techniques, with great dependence on seasonal cycles and geographical location, using renewable energies. The cultural aspect is also fundamental, since it has determined the application and development of exploitation techniques inherited from the Span ish tradition for more than 400 years, although previously there were "natural" salt flats of indigenous exploitation. Currently, this valuable cultural heritage presents an important process of abandonment and oblivion by Chilean society, as occurs in Spain. This circumstance is one of the main causes of its accelerated deterioration and disappearance in recent years and, therefore, it is intended to strengthen its knowledge through the use of ITCs.
Motivating (or Baby-Stepping Toward) a Global Constitutional Convention for Future Generation
Authors: Gardiner Stephen M. ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: May 2020

Recently, I have been arguing for a global constitutional convention focused on protecting future generations. This deliberative body would be akin to the American constitutional convention of 1787, which gave rise to the present structure of government in the United States. It would confront the “governance gap” that currently exists surrounding concern for future generations. In particular, contemporary institutions tend to crowd out intergenerational concern, and thereby facilitate a “tyranny of the contemporary.” They not only fail to address a basic standing threat to humanity and other species, but help that threat become manifest. Climate change is a prime example. In this paper, I sketch out a natural argumentative path toward the global constitutional convention and argue that is difficult to resist. I also insist that we should be evenhanded in the way we treat the proposal. Those who put their faith in alternatives (e.g., the emergence of a great leader, a grand alignment of interests, bottom up climate anarchism, or national governments understood as effective intergenerational stewards) must also confront standard complaints about naivety, urgency, threats to democratic values, and the like. Moreover, the global constitutional convention has the advantage of addressing the problem we face head on.
La Enciclopedia Álvarez: recurso adoctrinador de una identidad nacional esencialista
Authors: González García Erika
Published: May 2020

This article is focused on the identities of peoples, a matter of current relevance, among other reasons because it is linked to the issue of nationalisms. We adopt a uniform and essentialist conception of the being of each people, particularly in dictatorial regimes. This way of conceiving identity is characterized by its consideration of history, ethnic heritage, language, values - considered to be eternal - , together with heroes and their symbols, as the pillars that support it; this is what is called an essentialist identity. We use the three volumes of the Álvarez Encyclopedia as documentary sources. The qualitative methodology used is of a hermeneutical nature, taking into account the contributions of the historical method. The main objective of this research is to reveal what was considered the essence of being Spanish in the Álvarez Encyclopedia, which was the most widely used textbook in the primary schools under the Francoist regime. The textbooks analyzed served as instruments for shaping and conforming children in the ideals of the moment, that is, in  national-Catholicism.
Identidades sociales y modos de educación. Entrevista a Julia Varela Fernández
Authors: Galdo Ana Iglesias
Published: May 2020

After outlining some autobiographical notes that allow us to trace the origins of her interest in school education, and also of her social  awareness about the injustices rooted in our social institutions, Professor Julia Varela takes a tour to the beginnings of her training as a sociologist, in the context of May 68 in Paris and at the University of Vincennes, and explains the reasons that led her to decide on historical sociology, on genealogy, as a method of knowledge.Then, taking into account the theme of the present monograph, she deepens on the history of the school system and the weight that the modes of education have not only in the formation of individual subjectivities, but also in social identities, making a journey through three of her works: Modos de educación en la España de la Contrarreforma (1983), Arqueología de la escuela (1991) y Nacimiento de la mujer burguesa (1997, 2019). She also briefly explains the link between these studies and other of her books: A Ulfe (2004), Mujeres con voz propia (2011), Memorias para hacer camino (2016) y Mercedes Valcarce Avello. Maestra de maestros (2018). The interview ends with a brief reflection on the reasons that support the importance of public education today as a lever to favor democratic social changes. A transformation of the educational system at the service of greater freedom and greater equality, as well as in favor of cultural development, would contribute not only to social perfection, but also make the democratic education system a solid breakwater capable of offering resistance to the current swell of neoliberal fundamentalism.
Resistencia docente al cambio: Caracterización y estrategias para un problema no resuelto
Authors: Córica José Luis
Published: May 2020

La resistencia al cambio entendida como un comportamiento observable en respuesta al desagrado o desafío que sienten los docentes como consecuencia de la introducción de nuevas ideas, métodos o dispositivos es una constante inevitable en las organizaciones educativas. Los sistemas educativos como organizaciones dinámicas cuya misión es ofrecer respuesta a las necesidades de formación de la población han de asumir que el cambio es inevitable y, por lo tanto, lo es también la resistencia al mismo. Se requiere, por tanto, de un estudio que permita encontrar estrategias y vías de incentivo por parte de los gestores institucionales toda vez que los cambios exitosos solo son posibles cuando se ha gestionado correctamente la resistencia al mismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio bibliográfico transversal que caracterice la resistencia docente al cambio, sus factores asociados, las tipologías y perfiles comunes y las estrategias posibles para enfrentarla. El resultado es un relevamiento de las distintas concepciones internacionales, los factores, las actitudes y las estrategias sugeridas por la comunidad científica.  Es una problemática de larga data, irresuelta y transversal a los países, existiendo un vacío bibliográfico respecto a casos de éxito. Los resultados obtenidos permiten la formulación del marco teórico de acciones de políticas y planes estratégicos que, al contemplar la resistencia docente al cambio, mejoren las posibilidades de permeabilidad de las políticas educativas.
The impact of reminiscence on autobiographical memory, cognition and psychological well-being in healthy older adults
Authors: Allen Andrew P. , Doyle Caoilainn , Roche Richard A. P.
Published: May 2020

Reminiscence therapy has improved autobiographical memory in older adults with memory impairment. However, there has been a relative lack of research examining the impact of reminiscence interventions on healthy older adults, despite the fact that healthy ageing has been associated with a reduction in episodic autobiographical memory. The current study examined the effects of a semi-structured reminiscence program, compared to a no-intervention control and an active control group focused on current life, in healthy older adults. Before and after reminiscence or control, we assessed episodic and semantic autobiographical memory, as well as reliving of the memory and re-experiencing the emotion associated with the memory. We also examined new learning and executive function, as well as quality of life, satisfaction with life, anxiety, depression, and mood. The reminiscence intervention did not lead to a differing impact on autobiographical memory, cognition or psychological well-being, compared to the control groups. The current results indicate that simple reminiscence does not lead to enhanced autobiographical memory performance in healthy older adults.
Formindskede bøger i jødisk religion
Authors: Schleicher Marianne
Published: May 2020

English abstract: The size of religious books matters to how religion and religiosity has been mediated up through history, not only the history of religion, but also the history of the book. The purpose of this article is to offer a functional approach to how size, especially small size, comes to matter in religious medialization. To be able to treat miniaturized books as a religious phenomenon, the article offers a comparative, brief trajectory of developments in book formats and writing/typing techniques that detects a development towards smallness. From here, it proceeds to analyzing and reflecting on miniaturized religious books in Judaism. It goes into details with the functional aspects in the use of community rules, prayer books, Book of Psalms, haggadot shel pesach, Purim-scrolls, Hebrew Bibles and Torot. The article conjoins the author’s own distinction between the hermeneutical and artifactual use of scripture with theoretical­ reflections by Claude Lévi-Strauss, Jonathan Z. Smith, Danièle Dehouve, Steven J. Gores, and Ian Reader. This platform has explanatory potential with regard to explaining how the small size of religious books in Jewish religion has come to matter to the medialization of religion and religiosity.

Dansk resume: Religiøse bøgers størrelse har betydning for, hvordan jødisk religion og jøders religiøsitet er blevet medieret op gennem historien – ikke kun religionshistorien, men også boghistorien. Artiklens formål er at tilbyde en funktionel forklaring af, hvilken betydning størrelsen, især liden størrelse, har for denne mediering. For at sikre at formindskede bøger behandles som et religiøst fænomen, tager artiklen afsæt i en komparativ, kort redegørelse for udvikling i bogformater og skrive-/printteknikker for at analysere og reflektere over formindskede, religiøse bøger i jødedommen. Særligt gennemgås funktionelle aspekter ved brugen af menighedsregler, bønnebøger, udgaver af Salmernes Bog, påske-aggadot, Purim-ruller, hebræiske bibler og Torahruller. Teoretisk sammenstilles forfatterens egen skelnen mellem hermeneutisk og artefaktisk helligtekstbrug med overvejelser hos Claude Lévi-Strauss, Jonathan Z. Smith, Danièle Dehouve, Steven J. Gores og Ian Reader. Den sammenstilling muliggør en forklaring af måden, hvorpå religiøse bøgers størrelse er af betydning for mediering af religion og religiøsitet.
La conquête, la liberté et l’adaptation franco-américaine au Pays des Illinois, 1778-17871
Authors: Englebert Robert , Craig Bronwyn
Published: May 2020

Dès l’arrivée des premiers négociants de la traite des fourrures et des missionnaires, le Pays des Illinois se définit par une série d’accommodations culturelles et politiques. Quand des soldats virginiens arrivent à Kaskaskia en 1778, ils sont les porte-paroles du troisième régime impérial dans la région à prendre place en quinze ans. Les Créoles français cherchent à affirmer leur autonomie politique et culturelle sous cette nouvelle occupation américaine, tout comme ils l’avaient fait sous les régimes français et britannique. Cet article examine les efforts et les tactiques des Créoles français pour résister à l’hégémonie américaine émergente au Pays des Illinois pendant et après la Révolution américaine. Une comparaison des revendications et des actes de résistance à Kaskaskia et à Cahokia démontre que les Créoles de la région vont réussir à faire valoir leurs droits, tout en créant les fondements d’une nouvelle identité franco-américaine.
But If It’s Not Music, What Is It? Defining Interstitial Artistic Practices
Authors: Canonne Clément , Fryberger Annelies
Published: May 2020

We often think of art as structured in art worlds. But what lies between art worlds? Do we find spaces of undefined practices, or are interstitial practices also clearly defined? For this text, we interviewed 11 French artists with sound-based practices who situate themselves in the spaces where music overlaps with the visual arts, instrument building, performance art, and poetry. How do these artists define themselves, given that the available labels do not satisfy them? How do they actually use established categories when they do not want to make their artistic practice conform to them? Three positioning strategies came up recurrently in our interviews: so-called negative, additive, and generic definitional strategies. We show here that each of these definitional strategies implies related artistic choices, which make it possible for these artists to both legitimize their sense of belonging to an interstitial space and to use this belonging as a powerful means to develop a unique identity. Beyond a simple, sometimes superficial, refusal to be labeled, the strategies we identify appear to be the true markers of “interstitial” artists and their careers within and around art worlds.
La lampe de Galeswinthe
Authors: Pradeau Christophe
Published: May 2020

Proust a placé au centre de Combray le tombeau d’une princesse goth, Galeswinthe, l’une des figures les plus mémorables des Récits des temps mérovingiens d’Augustin Thierry, historien qui fut l’« écrivain préféré » du futur romancier autour de sa quinzième année. La pierre tombale de la princesse est marquée d’une « profonde valve » dont la forme évoque très explicitement celle de la petite Madeleine, l’emblème le plus fameux de la mémoire involontaire, analogie qui invite à les mettre en relation, à les réunir comme les deux parties d’un symbole, ou à voir en l’une la matrice de l’autre. Nous faisons l’hypothèse, en rapprochant le roman proustien d’un autre roman de la mémoire, les Châteaux en enfance (1945) de Catherine Colomb, que ce dispositif invite à réfléchir aux enjeux du souvenir de lecture, et, plus largement, aux enjeux de la conception proustienne de la lecture, lecture que Proust n’a eu de cesse d’envisager depuis l’expérience de la séparation.
Béton et utopie avant 1914 : architecture et « moule social »
Authors: Baridon Laurent
Published: May 2020

The utopian reformers of the nineteenth century, while they describe houses and towns, seem to have mistrusted the architects who hoped to materialize them. Those who did try were either ostracized or blamed for the repeated failures of the projects. This can be explained by the misunderstandings that were bound to appear between the ambiguities of utopian thought and the positive, heuristic character of architectural design. The problem raised by the actual building of edifices was ignored by the utopians, while the architects and the urbanists saw it as a sine qua non.

Victor Considérant, by coining the concept of feasibility (“réalisabilité”), opened the way to the construction of J.B.A. Godin’s Familistère. To attain “harmony,” the architect had to conceive a “social mould,” as Victor Calland said, which was to modify human beings biologically. Concrete, a building material popularized by François Coignet, a disciple of Fourier’s, embodied this new hope founded on architecture. Inexpensive and malleable, it seemed suitable for the building of edifices whose organic character was designed to promote the transformation of the individual and of the society striving for perfection.
Mirror Reflections: Robert Smithson’s Dialectical Concept of Space
Authors: Stückelberger Johannes
Published: May 2020

Cet essai analyse le concept de l’espace dans l’oeuvre de l’artiste américain Robert Smithson (1938–73). La discussion porte principalement sur ses oeuvres avec miroirs. J’avance que Smithson a utilisé des miroirs pour en arriver à une perception « polyperspectiviste » de la réalité, laquelle correspondait à son concept dialectique de l’espace. Pour Smithson, l’espace apparaît dans la dialectique du site et du nonsite, dans l’aller et retour entre centre et périphérie, paysage naturel et industriel, réalité et fiction, histoire et temps présent, ordre et chaos. Son oeuvre avec miroirs lui a permis d’aborder ces aspects irrationnels, mystérieux et ouverts qui appartiennent à tout site et qui, en même temps, lui mérite un non-site. Smithson estimait que le site et le non-site ne sauraient être séparés, se renvoyant l’un à l’autre comme un miroir et sa réflexion.
The Development of Geotourism with the Use of 3D Digital Cave Model. A Case Study of the Bear Cave, Slovakia
Authors: Tometzová Dana , Hlavňová Barbara , Drevko Slavomír , Pukanská Katarína , Bartoš Karol , Bieda Agnieszka , Kseňak Ľubomír
Published: May 2020

Cave tourism (speleotourism) is very popular all over the world within the broader category of geotourism. Slovakia is also well‑known for its karst areas and caves, but most of them are not freely open to the public. This paper presents how to make a cave “accessible” without physically entering it. This can be facilitated through the use of digital 3D models. Visitors are then able to experience cave tours through 3D projections and 3D cinema. This would allow people with disabilities and those with claustrophobia to enjoy caving. An added advantage is that the cave environment remains untouched. This paper provides a comprehensive scan of the Bear Cave using Leica ScanStation C10 terrestrial laser scanner. During the 3D modelling of the Bear Cave, Trimble RealWorks software was used to process and analyze the large data sets recorded by the scanner. As a result, not only were visualizations and images of 3D models from the cave obtained, but also a 3D animation was made using the Bentley Pointools software. The information included in this paper has been compiled from all phases of the measuring and data processing of the Bear Cave.
Identification and Pathogenicity of Organisms Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Mango in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Haruna Aishatu , Jika Fadimatu A. , Jada Mahmud Y. , Ishaku Gali A.
Published: May 2020

Some mango fruits marketed in Yola and environs show some anthracnose diseases symptoms.

Aims: Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify fungal organisms associated with Anthracnose disease of mango in Yola, Adamawa state, Northeastern Nigeria and to test their pathogenicity.

Study Design: Laboratory based controlled experiment.

Methodology: Naturally anthracnose infected mango fruits and leaves were purposely sampled from different home gardens, farms, and markets in Yola. The symptomatic plant parts were immediately taken to the laboratory for direct isolation, characterization, identification and pathogenicity testing of fungal isolates.

Results: A total of 19 fungal colonies were obtained from the anthracnose infected mango fruits and leaves. Based on similarity of morphological features (colony colour, texture presence of septate mycelia or not, spore shape and number of septa), fungal colonies were grouped into 3 species and were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae. C. gloeosporioides had the highest percentage (66.7%) (77.8%) frequency of occurrence in infected fruits and leaves respectively, compared to A. niger which recorded 11.1% and 20.0% and R. oryzae with 22.2% and 10%. Pathogenicity test revealed only C. gloeosporioides was found pathogenic while the remaining two; A. niger and R. oryzae were non-pathogenic.

Conclusion: Findings of this study has indicated that C. gloeosporioides is the etiological agent of anthracnose of mango in the area.
Socio Economics Profile of Chilli Growers in District Baramulla (J&K)
Authors: Peer Quadri Javeed Ahmad , Aziz Tariq , Rashid Irfath , Kumar Sushil , Khan Sheema
Published: May 2020

The study was carried out during 2018-2019 to know the socio-economic status of the chilli growers, marketing of chilli and constraints faced by the chilli growers in district Baramulla. A sample size of 50 chilli growers was selected randomly from 5 villages of agricultural zone Nehalpora of district Baramulla. The study reveals that majority (60%) of the respondents were in the age group (35-53 yrs). It was found that 30 per cent of the respondents were illiterate. About 45% of the respondents were having farming as the main occupation. As far as annual income is concerned, major source of income of the growers was from agriculture (72 lakhs), followed by horticulture (39.70 lakhs) and vegetables (3.23 lakhs). About 45% of the area was irrigated in the village, 40.87% under orchards, 9.48% under chilli. Majority of the growers used television (74%) regularly as a source of mass media followed by other means of media like internet (30%). Majority (84%) of the growers had occasional extension contacts. About 56 per cent of the respondents were having medium level of scientific orientation followed by low (30%) and high (14%).  As far as the marketing of the chilli is concerned, majority of the growers (56%) sold their crop in local market while only (44%) of the growers sold their crop at a distant market. The reason might be that the growers preferred their local market rather than going for distant places because of the less time available. The major resource constraints in chilli production technology as mentioned by the respondents were unavailability of improved seeds of vegetables (90%) high cost of pesticides (70%), scattered and small size land holdings (60%) and lack of irrigation facilities (40%) Poor marketing facilities (80%), distantly located markets (30%), bad condition of roads (90%), non-remunerative prices (84%) and lack of transportation facilities and high transportation charges (18%) were the major marketing constraints. 90 per cent of the farmers had a constraint of Lack of training on scientific vegetable production technology and Non-availability of facilities of soil testing (80% ), while as 40 per cent had mentioned Lack of knowledge about improved varieties, seed rate and sowing time as other constraint faced.
Integrated Management of Foliar Blight of Medicinal Crop (Turmeric) Caused by Alternaria alternata
Authors: Azad S. A. , Kumar Deepak , Sharma Vikas
Published: May 2020

The infected samples were collected from three districts viz; Kathua, Samba and Jammu for the study of the disease. The causal fungus of the disease was isolated and identified as Alternaria alternata on the basis of morphological characteristics. The cultivars PH-1 and local cultivar of turmeric were sown with three replications in the year 2014 and 2015 respectively, each to study the disease development and its management. During in vitro studies, the five groups of fungicide (Mancozeb, Carbendazim, Copper Oxychloride, Hexaconazole and Propiconazole) were evaluated against Altenaria alternata causing disease, best results were obtained with hexaconazole. The antagonistic activity of two fungal and two bacterial biocontrol agents were studied by dual culture thus Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas flurescens portrayed better results. Under compatibility of fungal bioagents and bacterial bioagents best compatibility was observed between copper oxychloride and Trichoderma viride and hexaconazole and Pseudomonas flurescens. Under the field conditions the best results among all fifteen treatments, with minimum disease intensity was observed in terms of integration i.e (hexaconazole + Trichoderma viride) (4.2%) in PH-1 cultivar and (6.7%) in local cultivar.
Soil CO2 Emission under Different Tillage Practices in Major Soils of Kerala
Authors: Toufeeq S. , Dhalin D. , Subhagan Seena R. , Khatawkar Dipak S. , Aparna B. , Ameena M.
Published: May 2020

International responsibility is increasing in India to adopt a more pro-active role in greenhouse gas emission. Hence, it is important to develop a clear understanding of our emission inventory towards reducing Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Soils are an important pool of active carbon and tillage can lead to carbon emission from agricultural soils. This study assess the quantity of CO2 release from three major soils (red loam, coastal sandy and paddy field soil) of Kerala under different tillage practices(conventional, with cultivator and with rotovator) and to optimize the tillage practices with minimum CO2 emission. The CO2emission from soil surfaces was measured using base trap method with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as base. The influence of soil temperature, soil moisture content, organic matter in soil, soil pH, bulk density, atmospheric temperature and relative humidity on CO2 emission was assessed. The conventional tillage resulted in the maximum CO2 emission followed by the tillage with cultivator and the least value was observed when tilled with rotovator. The maximum CO2 emission was observed in the paddy field soil followed by red loam and the least value was observed from the coastal sandy. The major quantity of CO2 was released just after the breakage of soil in all kind of tillage methods and became almost equal to the undisturbed condition after two hours of ploughing. The bulk density of soil was negatively correlated, organic carbon content was positively correlated, soil temperature was positively correlated and atmospheric temperature was positively correlated with CO2 emission from the red loam soil in all the tillage practices. No significant correlation was obtained between relative humidity and soil moisture with CO2emission.Tillage with rotovator contributed the minimum CO2 to atmosphere and significantly affects the concentration of CO2in the atmosphere, ultimately contribute in mitigation of global warming.
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F. as a Potential Anti-COVID-19 Plant: A Mini-review of Its Antiviral Activity
Authors: Mpiana Pius T. , Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa , Tshibangu Damien S. T. , Kilembe Jason T. , Gbolo Benjamin Z. , Mwanangombo Domaine T. , Inkoto Clement L. , Lengbiye Emmanuel M. , Mbadiko Clement M. , Matondo Aristote , Bongo Gedeon N. , Tshilanda Dorothée D.
Published: May 2020

Aims: A novel β-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has become a pandemic affecting hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. Since there is no effective treatment, the need of finding alternative methods which can help to curb this pandemic is urgent. This study aims to review the literature on the virucidal and cytotoxic properties of Aloe vera, one of the most studied plants considered as a nutraceutical in order to propose it as an alternative solution against COVID-19.

Methodology: The literature review was based mainly on the COVID-19 resources that have been made freely available to the scientific community but also on the usual databases such as Pubmed and Google scholar.

Results: The literature review shows that the plant has antiviral activity on several types of virus (Haemorrhagic Viral Rhobdavirus Septicaemia, Herpes simplex virus type 1, Herpes simplex virus type 2, Varicella-Zoster virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Influenza virus, poliovirus, Cytomegalovirus, Human papillomavirus) including coronavirus SARS-CoV-1. The plant is consumed orally in several forms and is safe. It is possible that  molecules of this plant that have already shown effectiveness on other viruses by some mechanisms such as interaction of virus enzyme, breakdown of the viral envelope etc. could participate in the action of the plant. Also, the presence of minerals such as Zinc, which have shown an effect on SARS-CoV-1, could be involved in the antiviral effect of Aloe vera.

Conclusion: Molecular docking of the main molecules of Aloe vera with SARS-CoV-2 protease is in progress and clinical trials are necessary to confirm the activity of Aloe vera on COVID-19.