bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGUKURAN PANJANG TUBUH CACING NIPAH PENDEK Namalycastis abiuma (POLYCHAETA: NEREDIDAE) DARI PERAIRAN MANGROVE SUNGAI KAPUAS KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Junardi Junardi
Published: October 2018

AbstrakCacing Nipah Pendek Namalycastis abiuma memiliki tubuh yang elastis dan mudah putus sehingga diperlukan pendekatan morfometri tubuh lain untuk menentukan panjang tubuh sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan panjang tubuh total cacing nipah pendek dengan menggunakan bobot tubuh, jumlah total segmen berseta, panjang tiga segmen anterior pertama (L3) dan lebar segmen berseta atau setiger ke-10 (S-10). Spesimen yang digunakan dipilih hanya individu yang lengkap dan utuh. Pengukuran dilakukan dibawah mikroskop dengan lensa okular yang dilengkapi dengan mikrometer. Data dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi. Cacing yang digunakan sebanyak 258 individu yang terdiri atas 190 immature, 54 submature dan 14 mature dengan ukuran panjang tubuh rata-rata berturut-turut 108,62±34,80 mm, 172,27±42,78 mm dan 123,14±57,40 mm. Cacing betina ditemukan memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dari jantan. Panjang tubuh N. abiuma dapat diduga dengan bobot tubuh, panjang L3 dan lebar S-10 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) berturut-turut 0,82, 0,73 dan 0,78. Pendekatan morfometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran tubuh N. abiuma.Abstract The short nypa palm worm Namalycastis abiuma has an elastic and fragile body. Therefore, an alternative approach of morphometrical techniques is needed to determine the total body length. This research aimed to estimate the total body length of the short nypa palm worm based on body weight, the total number of segments, the length of the first three anterior segment (L3) and the tenth setiger width (S10). Body measurement was done using stereomicroscope fitted with the micrometer. Correlation analysis was done to describe the relationship between the length of L3 and the width of S10. A total of 258 complete and whole specimens consisted of 190 immature, 54 submature, and 14 mature individuals. The average body length of immature individuals was 108.62±34.80 mm, 172.27±42.78 mm for sub mature individuals, and 123.14±57.40 mm for mature individuals. Based on sexual dimorphism, the female body size is larger than male. The body length of N. abiuma can be estimated by body weight, the length of L3, and the  width of S10, with  correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. Morphometry approach can be used to determine the body size of N. abiuma.
Combate químico de malezas en manzano (Pyrus malus L.): coadyuvantes.
Authors: Cerda José Juan
Published: October 2018

This study was carried out in order to determine the efficiency of paraquat and glyphosate herbicides mixed with four coadjutants for post-emergent weed control, as compared to mechanical control, as well as their economic feasibility. The study took place in Sierra de Arteaga, Coahuila, México. Information was collected 3, 13, 17, 31, and 83 days after application. A randomized block design with four repetitions was used. Glyphosato combined with adherent controlled 80% of weeds 83 days after application; glyphosate combined with moisturizer, and glyphosate combined with humic acid yielded 78.6 and 77.1% control respectively. Parquat mixed with humic acid controlled 88.4% 31 days after application and parquat mixed with adherent showed 75.1% control after 31 days. Overall, glyphosato combined with coadjutants showed better weed control 83 days after application. The cost of such treatment was $346.3 (Mexican currency), while the cost for the mechanical method was $810.00 (Mexican currency). The chemical method proved to be the most cost-efficient.
Efecto de inóculo de Rhizobium en frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
Authors: Hernández Germán , Sánchez Mercedes , Toscano Vidalina , Méndez Nancy , Mullings Miguel
Published: October 2018

Strains of Rhizobium CR 113; CR 477; CF-1 (equal to CIAT 151); 6bIII; 2bIII and HbI, along with noninoculated and non-nitrogenated treatments – 30 kg/ha N without inoculation and high N, 150 kg/ha N – in three environments in the Pinar del Rio, Matanzas and Holguin provinces were validated in three types of soil: ferrous quartzitic, ferrous red, and non- carbonated brown with a low total nitrogen content (less than 65kg/ha N). The BAT 58 bean variety was used. Production of aerial and nodular dry matter during the development phase (R6), production of aerial dry matter and total nitrogen consumption in the (R8) phase, and bean production in the (R9) phase, were quantified. Results showed a lower significant difference in the treatments without inoculation, as compared to the treatments with high nitrogen content and 30kg/ha N plus seed inoculation. No difference was found between the treatment with high N applications, and the ones inoculated with Rhizobium strains plus 30 kg/ha.
Mejoramiento de la resistencia a la sequía del frijol común en México.
Authors: Acosta Jorge , Acosta-Gallegos Efraín , Padilla Saúl , Goytia María Antonieta , Rosales Rigoberto , López Ernesto
Published: October 2018

Since its inception in 1980, the breeding project for adaptation to drought has been based on crop phenology (escape or matching between biological cycle and water availability), and seed yield in multilocational trials under water stress conditions. For yield evaluation, bean genotypes were grouped on the basis of similar growth habits and phenology. Selection of segregating families according to adaptation to drought was postponed up until the F4 generation or subsequent ones, using incomplete block designs. Selection in early generations was based on moderate to high heretability traits such as biological cycle, grain phenology (color, size, shine), and reaction to diseases. Eight improved Durango bean varieties that are tolerant to temporary water deficits (Pinto Villa, Pinto Mestizo, Pinto Bayacora, Negro Altiplano, Negro Sahuatoba, Negro Durango, Bayo Victoria, and Azufrado Namiquipa) have been given to bean producers from Mexico’s semi-arid highlands. In 1998 seeds of two new varieties (Pinto Zapata and Flor de Mayo 2000) will be increased and registered. Their main traits are: type III indeterminate growth habits, short biological cycle, fast transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, and high yield rates.
Correlación y componentes principales de variación en variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.).
Authors: Borrego-E Fernando , Fernández-B José M. , López-B Alfonso , Parga-T Víctor M. , Murillo-S Margarita , Carvajal-A Adrián
Published: October 2018

Seven potato genotypes were evaluated on field, with a random block design with four repetitions, and an experimental plot of three rows measuring five m long. The variables analyzed were morphological, physiological, agroclimatic and yield, by calculating Correlations and Principal Components Analysis (PCA), in attempt to find the degree of association between variables, and which variables contributed to the variation in the yield. The most correlated variables in the yield were plant height, the dry weight of leaves, and chlorophyll content. The PCA permitted a better screening between variables, such as photosynthesis, water use efficiency. When considering all variables together, the best varieties were Norteña, Mondial and Atlantic, found to be superior to the regional genotype (Alpha).
Diagnóstico de la actividad productiva del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en la Región Brunca de Costa Rica: Cosecha 1995-1996.
Authors: Hernández Juan Carlos , Araya Rodolfo , González Walter
Published: October 2018

Nine localities were selected by their tradition in the bean cultivation in order to carry out a survey and diagnose of the situation of this productive activity. Based on surveys and visits to properties of farmers, it was that in the majority of the localities prevailed the use of Creole varieties. Creole varieties with a major commercial use were important for their precocity. A longer vegetative cycle of the improved varieties was a disadvantage which caused grain deterioration during the rain season. Quality and seed availability were the main problems. Inoculants of Antracnosis was found in the field and in the seeds. Web blight was an important pathogen affecting bean crops followed by leaf spot anthracnose. It was found that weeds were an important problem in the Brunca region.
Introducción y comercialización de los cultivos precolombinos en la sociedad occidental.
Authors: Blanco Moisés
Published: October 2018

After the Discovery of America in 1492, crops produced in these lands started a movement towards the West. In this writing some of the first contacted crops are mentioned, their propagation route and generalities about their original uses. There is special mention to the 17th Century, as it is during this time that most of the movement of pre-Columbian crops occurred. Dated information about grain crops, fruits, horticultural crops, roots and tubers, squash, spices, stimulants and narcotics, textiles, ornamentals, tintoreus, resins, utensils and medicinal crops.
Fuentes de resistencia a la antracnosis y la mancha angular en frijol común para Costa Rica.
Authors: Araya Rodolfo , Mora Floribeth , Shingh Shree P.
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to select sources of resistance to angular leaf spot and anthracnose from a diverse group of germplasm with known resistance to these diseases and other abiotic and biotic factors. Atotal of 173 common beans that included 46 landraces and 127 breeding lines were evaluated at two locations (Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno and Sub-Estación Experimental Fraijanes, both of Universidad de Costa Rica) in 1996 and 1997. A mixture of four races (races 9, 10, 547, and 1024 of maximum virulence and coverage in Costa Rica) of the anthracnose pathogen was used to inoculate four times. Because of high natural incidence of angular leaf spot, inoculation was not necessary. Twenty-one landraces and 13 breeding lines were resistant (disease score of 3 or less) to antracnose. Only five landraces (G 12529, G 14934, G 19428, G 19696, and G 19831), one improved cultivar (ICA Tundama), and a breeding line UCR 55 had intermediate reaction (disease score between 4 and 6). Thus, for angular leaf spot evaluation of a much broader range of germplasm of common bean and other related species is suggested.
Composición química de la morera (Morus alba), para uso en la alimentación animal: densidades y frecuencias de poda.
Authors: Boschini Carlos , Dormond-H Herbert , Castro-H Álvaro
Published: October 2018

This experiment was carried out at the Alfredo Volio Mata Dairy Cattle Experimental Station in Costa Rica, at an altitude of 1542 masl, where there is an average annual rainfall of 2050 mm, temperature of 19.5 C and relative humidity of 84%. A mulberry bush plantation was divided into three plots: with a distance of 60, 90 and 120 cm between rows and plants. Each plot was uniformly pruned at two heights: 30 and 60 cm from the ground. During a 336-day period, these subplots were pruned consecutively every 56th, 84th and 112th day. The planting distance and the pruning height produced small variations in the chemical composition of the mulberry leaves and stems. The cutting frequency produced changes in the composition of the leaves and stems. Nevertheless, the differences in dry matter, crude protein, structural carbohydrates and total ashes in the leaves were not higher then 3% in experimental frequencies. In the stems the greatest changes were 9% and they were produced in the content of the dry matter, cellular wall and in some of the structural chemical components, such as cellulose. The cutting number within each frequency significantly influenced the chemical composition of the  leaves and the stems.
El AMMI y Cluster en la selección de los mejores híbridos experimentales de maiz.
Authors: Castañón Guillermo , Zetina Rigoberto , Arano Rafael , Raygoza Bernardo
Published: October 2018

Corn hybrids trail was repeated in four different environments, at this was applied the main additive effects and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI) and the cluster multivariate analysis or numerictaxonomy, in order to study if the two methods have certain relation to classify for stability and association hybrids performance. Cluster analysis did not show a clear tendency to group to evaluated hybrids for them relatives. According to the results, YG, PH and PRO, were the characteristics more important to joined for evaluated hybrids. The results indicated, that AMMI was effective to determine the stability of experimental hybrids and both (AMMI and Cluster) could be two tools very importants to make a good selection among experimental material.
Efecto del aclareo químico y manual en inflorescencias y frutos de manzano.
Authors: Almanza Francisco J. , Elos Mariano , López Alfonso , Valdez Abel
Published: October 2018

The main objective of this study was to estimate the efectivity of chemical and hand thinning. In the first naftalenacetic Acid (ANA) at 5, 10 and 15 ppm; 400, 800 and 1200 ppm Sevin and Bionex (adherent) 1 ml/l of water were realized 20 days after of full flowering from 18 April 1995 forward. The hand thinning was carried out one month later leaving one fruit per shoot. This work was conducted in Arteaga, Coahuila at 2200 masl. Fifteen years old apple trees variety Golden delicious with uniform vigor were selected. Distance between plants and rows was 6 x 8 m approximately. A complete randomized block design with nine treatments and ten replications was utilized. Where a single apple tree was considered a experimental plot. The ANOVA and LSD (DMS) showed that the percentage of thinning for treatments was highly significative (p<0.01), this difference was due to the control. The fruit thinning was effective in every treatment, however the wasting of time and money in the chemical method was smaller than in hand thinning. Thinning was most effective when was applied sevin 400 ppm and NAA 15 ppm at all stages. Apparently, the quality of fruit was not affected by the treatments.
Los peciolos de la papaya como fuente de inóculo de la antracnosis y su eliminación como práctica de control.
Authors: Durán Alfredo , Mora Dennis , Ramírez Lenín
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the number of spores of fungi that cause diseases in the fruits of papaya and to measure the influence that petiole elimination could have on the population of disease propagating agents. The stems collected during the rainy season released a higher number (82%) of Colletotrichum sp. conidia than those collectedduring the dry season. In the stems collected during the rainy season a reduction was observed in the amount of conidia released (77%), between the first and the second week after collection. The stems collected during the dry and rainy season released a small amount of conidia after four weeks of collection. The higher numbers of Glomerella sp. ascospores captured during April to June. The capture of Colletotrichum sp. conidia with and without elimination of stems showed values that increased from April to June with a maximum between September and October. The numbers of disease propagating agents captured in the plots with and without stem elimination were similar for Glomerella sp. The elimination of stems caused a reduction in the number of spores captured in Colletotrichum sp., Helminthosporium sp. and Fusarium sp. fungi. Stem elimination caused no effect on Curvularia sp. and Alternaria sp. fungi. The rainy season was more favorable for the collection of spores of Helminthosporium sp., Curvularia sp. and Fusarium sp., compared to that from the dry season. For Alternaria sp. a higher number of spore was collected during the dry season.
Adaptación del frijol a suelos de baja fertilidad bajo presión de enfermedades foliares en Costa Rica.
Authors: Araya Rodolfo , Acosta Jorge A.
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to identify bean genotypes with high yield potential when grown in soils of low fertility and under the pressure of foliar diseases. Diverse genotypes, known for its adaptation in soils of low fertility and/or resistance to other biotic and abiotic stresses were evaluated in the field during 1996 and 1997. In total, 562 genotypes, 251 bred and 311 landraces, were evaluated in two locations in Costa Rica: Fraijanes (1750 msnm; 15.3 °C; 3025 mm annual precipitation; 10º09’ North and 84°12’ West); and Alajuela (840 msnm, 23,1 °C; 1966 mm annual precipitation; 10°01’ North and 84° 16’ West). Plant stand was of 15 seeds per lineal m and plot size was variable due to seed availability; at planting inoculant of Rhizobium tropici was added directly onto the seed in the row (4 kg/ha). Bred line A 321, the control genotype UCR 55, A 483, G11640, G19696, G10843 and BAC50 displayed high yields in both locations. Genotypes that showed high yield in only one location were, in Alajuela: Guanajuato 132, Negro INIFAP, VAX 2 and MAR 3; in Fraijanes higher yielders were G13860, G92, MOC 112, Bayo Alteño, J 117; Negro 8025 and A 247. Outstanding landraces and bred lines from diverse geographical areas and genetic pools that displayed adaptation in soils of low fertility were identified in germplasm introduced from CIAT, México, Perú and Guatemala. It is emphasized the importance of evaluating native material and the exchange of germplasm among countries. Superior genotypes will be used for bean breeding in low input agriculture.
Colecta de frutales tropicales en El Salvador
Authors: Cruz Eduardo , Deras Héctor
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to collect, characterize and establish fruit collections of: Pouteria sapota (zapote), Manilkara zapota (níspero), Psidium sp. (guava), Spondias sp. (jocote), and Mammea americana (mamey apple). Exploration and collecting tours in several zones with a high potential for the cultivation of these fruits were undertaken. Collection site and characterization of the germplasm information was obtained. Weigth, length, diameter, germination percentage, number of seeds, flavor and color of pulp, form of the fruit, color of shell, presence of pests and diseases, and bromatological analysis were also obtained. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for minimum, maximum and average. Collections of fruit trees were established in the Centers of Technology in San Andrés, Izalco and Morazán. Zapote Magaña produced fruits with the highest weight, longitude and diameter, texture of quite fibrous pulp. Zapote valiente produced fruits with a high protein of (2.65%) content and fat (0.77%). Zapote Rivera produced fruits with the higher carbohydrate content (32,15%). Miami guava the higher crude fiber content (3,72%). The main plagues and diseases for the jocote were trips, fruit flies and anthracnoses. A collection of jocote of these types was established: azucaron, verano, pitarrillo, chapin, invierno, iguana and tronador at the Technological Innovation Center in San Andrés, La Libertad.
Adaptación y rendimiento de híbridos de alta calidad de proteína en regiones tropicales y subtropicales de México
Authors: Preciado Ernesto , Córdova Hugo , Terrón Arturo , Cervantes Ernesto , Betanzos Esteban , Ortega Alejandro , Gómez Noel , Reyes Cesar , Vallejo Humberto , Erazo Mauricio
Published: October 2018

A national quality protein maize program was initiated to develop, identify and release high yield potential quality protein maize hybrids and varieties adapted to different regions. Three-way crosses were predicted, based on 10 quality protein maize inbred lines diallel, which were evaluated at five Mexican locations during 1997. The predicted three-way crosses performance were evaluated at 11 tropical and subtropical Mexican locations during 1999. The superior group of predicted three-way crosses showed a good performance in almost all locations. They were competitive in grain yield with quality protein maize single crosses and normal commercial hybrids. The three-way quality protein maize hybrids with the best adaptation across locations were hybrids which involved tropical and subtropical inbred lines. In tropical regions the highest grain yield (10 t/ha) were obtained at Iguala, Guerrero. In subtropical regions the highest grain yield (16 t/ha) were obtained at Celaya, Guanajuato. The predicted three way hybrids are considered a good alternative for countries with tropical and subtropical climate were the use of single crosses is not common yet, because of seed production problems, with the advantage of quality protein maize character for regions where maize consumption is significant.
Efectividad biológica del Azoxystrobin para el control de Pyricularia oryzae Cav. y Cercospora oryzae Miyake en el cultivo de arroz de temporal en Veracruz, México.
Authors: Becerra Enrique , Tosquy Oscar
Published: October 2018

In the state of Veracruz, Mexico, around 22000 ha of rice are sown annually; the average of yield is about 3.5 t/ha and it is mainly due to drought problems, which favours the presence of the fungi Pyricularia oryzae Cav. (rice blast) and Cercospora oryzae Miyake (narrow spot). In order to know the behavior of new fungicides, the effectiveness of Azoxystrobin on the control of these fungi was evaluated. The experiment was established in the municipality of Tres Valles, Veracruz, at the beginning of the 1999 rainy season. Seed of the rice variety Milagro Filipino Depurado was used. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications. The evaluated treatments were: Azoxystrobin at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 l/ha vs Tecto60 at 0.5 kg/ha and a non-treated control.These treatments were applied when the first symptoms of rice blast and/or narrow spot were noticed. Factors being evaluate were: incidence, number of lesions in 20 plants, intensity index, phytotoxicity and grain yield. Azoxystrobin controlled both diseases better than Tecto 60; on the other hand, rice plants treated with Tecto 60 had significantly less lesions than the non-treated plants. The best control of P. oryzae and C. oryzae and the highest grain yield (4432 kg/ha) were obtained when Azoxystrobin was applied at 0.6 l/ha, although a good control of both diseases was also attained at 0.2 and 0.4 l/ha. None of the fungicides caused toxicity to rice.
Evaluación de cultivares de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) en Cuba.
Authors: Shagarodsky Tomás , Chiang María L. , López Yoel
Published: October 2018

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) constitute a legume widely appreciated by the Cuban population. In the last ten years efforts have been made to introduce it in agricultural production by adapted cultivars according to the condition of Cuban soil and climate; obtaining good results. Nevertheless, the actual genetic bases its not very bread and it is necessary to continue evaluating new varieties as to answer to biotic and abiotic limitation of the crop. A trial has been conducted to evaluate the behavior of 19 varieties and lines under the Cuban conditions. Nine variables have been described which allow, from the agronomic point of view, to characterize the varieties. The variables studied were: plant height, number of primary branches, pods per plant, 100 seeds’ weight, seed yield per plant, seed yield per area, percentage of Heliothis virescens incidence, percentage of seed protein and number of empty pods per plant. An Principal Components Analysis has been made using a standardize matrix. The three first components permitted to describe a 64.3% of total variation and the variables which more contributed to the description were: seed yield per area, seed yield per plant and the percentage of Heliothis incidence. The varieties of higher yield were distributed in two groups. One group characterized by a lower protein content under 20% represented by Nacional- 5HA cultivar (2190 kg/ha) and the other group with higher protein content over 20% represented by Nacional-29 cultivar (2357.14 kg/ha).
Degradabilidad ruminal de la planta de sorgo negro forrajero (Sorghum almum) en diferentes etapas de crecimiento.
Authors: Boschini Carlos , Amador Ana Lorena
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the ruminal degradability of dry material of black sorghum fodder, cultivated in the highlands of Costa Rica. Samples were taken at different growth periods of the plant. The study was conducted at the Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica. The crop was planted with 18 kg/ha of seed (88% pure germinal seed), distributed continuously in furrows separated by 70 cm. It was fertilized with 244 kg of 10-30-10 (N2, P2O5, K2O) and after 6 weeks, 45.5 kg/ha of nitrogen was applied. The first sample was taken after 24 days and then every 14 days for a total of 150 days. The potential degradability of the dry material was determined for the leaves, stems and panicles. The potential degradability of the whole plant diminished from 90% to 75% as the plant grew during the first 94 days. In the stem, the soluble part diminished from 32% to 23%, while that of the leaves was reduced from 30% to 16%. The degradable portion in the stem was reduced from 57% to 46% as the plant developed, while that of the leaves increased from 56% to 69%. The degradation rate in the stems was 4.7%/h after 52 days and in the leaves it was 8.6%/h. Between the 66th and the 94th days it was 2.6 %/h in the stems. In the leaves it was 5.4%/h, 3.3%/h and 3.8%/h on the 66 th, 80 th and 94 th day, respectively.
Análisis químico y digestibilidad “in vitro” de rastrojo de maíz (Zea mays L.).
Authors: Fuentes Jesús , Magaña Calixtro , Suárez Lorenzo , Peña Rodolfo , Rodríguez Sergio , Ortíz de la Rosa Benjamín
Published: October 2018

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical and physical treatments on the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD) digestibility of corn stover. Seventy five bales of corn stover (25 ground, 25 chopped, and 25 whole) were treated with 4% ammonia (NH3) of the dry matter weight. A completely randomized design with factorial array 2x3 (0.0 and 4.0% NH3 and three particle sizes). Results indicated that dry matter content decreased as particle size increased. Protein content increased by 110, 116 and 91 units for the ground, chopped and whole corn stover treated with NH3 with respect to the control. Ether extract increased by 7.3% for corn stover treated with NH3. Similar trend was followed by the ash content which increased by 6.0% for corn stover treated with NH3. Ammonia treatment affected negatively the neutral detergent fiber values by 20.0, 7.0 and 7.7% for ground, chopped and whole corn stover, respectively. Similar results were found for acid detergent fiber with values of 7.17, 12.53 and 11.42% lower for ground, chopped and whole corn stover, respectively; than those found for the untreated material. IVDMD and IVOMD were increased with NH3 treatment.
Malezas asociadas a canales de riego y terrenos colindantes de arroz anegado en Finca El Cerrito, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
Authors: Rojas Manuel , Agüero Renán
Published: October 2018

A weed survey was conducted on irrigation canals and neighboring inundated rice fields, at Finca El Cerrito, Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Sampling was performed on two growing seasons contrasting in weather conditions (rainy and dry) during 1992. Each surveying point was subdivided in five habitats (levee, internal slope, external slope, bottom of canal, and neighboring rice field). Plant species, percent cover and phenological stage were recorded at each habitat. In addition, for each species the next parameters were estimated: Frecuency-Cover Index (IFC), and Relative Participation Index (IPR). IPR at the family level was also calculated. 131 species during the dry season, and 144 species during the rainy season were recorded, showing that there is a significant plant diversity associated to these irrigation canals. The levee showed the greatest amount of plant species, while crop fields the least. Poaceae was the most important family, followed by Cyperaceae, based on IPR. Echinochloa colonum showed high IFC values and appeared in all habitats; this species together with others such as Oryza rufipogon, O. latifolia, Cyperus iria, and several broadleaf weeds are carefully controlled in rice fields, but reproduce heavily on irrigation canals, and shed their seeds in irrigation water, thus reinfesting commercial fields.
Nuevos híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) para el bajio y trópico seco mexicano: líneas recobradas por selección gamética.
Authors: Vega Cristina , Burciaga Gustavo , Arreola Jesús , Navarro Enrique , Gutiérrez José L.
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to improve the agronomic quality of the tropical lines AN1 and AN2 which have good combining ability; besides their germoplasm is part of a large number of commercial hybrids generated by the Instituto Mexicano del Maíz “Dr. Mario E. Castro Gil”. Eto Blancoand Blanco Dentado 2 were used as a source of gametes and crossed with AN1 and AN2, respectively. This study included recovered lines with different level of inbreeding, five dwarf single crosses and the original lines AN1 and AN2 which were used as testers. A randomized complete block design was used with two replications in each of the three locations during 1989-1990. The objectives were: 1. to select recovered lines on the bases of their combining ability and agronomic traits to generate new hybrids. 2. To determine the effectiveness of the diverse testers. The results showed that gamete selection was efficient in improving AN1 and AN2 lines for most of the traits evaluated such as grain yield, percent of fussarium on ears, except for percent of husk coverage. That recovered lines of AN1 were superior to those of AN2 lines for grain yield. A total of fifteen lines of AN1 and 7 lines of AN2 were identified using gamete selection.
Evaluación de la resistencia a la roya (Uromyces appendiculatus) en 64 variedades de frijol común en Cuba.
Authors: González Miguel , García Evelio
Published: October 2018

The varieties (64) of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated for resistance to bean rust in the Velasco zone, at the north of the Holguín province, Cuba. The evaluation was made 60 days after sowing by determining the degree of attack using a scale as well as estimating the number of pu stules per leaf and no remarkable differences between both methods were found. The character of the pustules was also determined by measuring their diameters with regard to three categories large (more than 0.5 mm) middling (between 0.3 and 0.5 mm) and small (less than 0.3 mm) and the presence or lack of chlorotic halo surrounding the pustules as well. The cultivars that resulted less attacked by the bean rust were Guira-35, XAN-43, Revolución-79, M-112, Rosas, BAT-202, Tazumal, Huetar, Bolita-42, BAT-1281, BAT-1274, BAT-1280, PV-555, BAT 1275, Engañador, Guamá- 23, MCD-254, Chevere, XAN-93, XAN-147, NAG-20, NAG-55, RAB-30 and CC 25-9-S (R), all of which showed an average equal or inferior to 10 pustules per leaf, being these ones generally smaller and without any chlorosis.
Evaluación de las pérdidas por roya en el frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en diferentes épocas de siembra en Cuba.
Authors: González Miguel , García Evelio
Published: October 2018

In the Velasco zone, Holguín province, Cuba, losses in yield due to the bean rust were valued on the varieties ICA- Pijao, Velasco Largo and Bonita 11 in four sowing times between 1987 and 1989. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. The considered treatments were the aforesaid three varieties of common bean, sprayed with fungicides and unprotected. The used chemical was oxycarboxin, sprayed five times at 0.75 kg a.i. 1 ha with a 10 days frecuency, beginning 15 days after sowing. It was concluded that bean rust might cause shortages in yield reaching 28-54%, 8-33% and 13-29% on the varieties ICA- Pijao, Velasco Largo and Bonita 11 respectively as well as a decrease on the average number of pods per plant and also the weight of the seeds.
Combate biológico de Rhizoctonia solani mediante el empleo de Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli en el campo.
Authors: Mora Floribeth
Published: October 2018

With the objective of evaluating, in the field, the antagonism of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli against Rhizoctonia solani, two experiments were established in the zones of Santa Rosa de Pocosol (Alajuela) and Sabanilla de Montes de Oca (San José), in two different sowing seasons. The stocks CR- 455, CR-477, CR-487, CR-422 and CIAT-632, were evaluated and were inoculated with R. solani. Besides the stocks we included the following treatments: Absolute Witness (AW), with no R. solani inoculation, with no nitrogen added(-N, -R); +N-R (+140 kg N/ha, with no R. solani inoculation); +N+R (+140 kg N&ha, with R. solani inoculated). The soil was inoculated utilizing rice husks colonized by R. solani, at a dosis of 14,5 g/m2.. We evaluated the variables: porcent of germination, plants height and infection rate. We performed the evaluations at 8 and 18 days after germination. We utilized the design of complete blocks ramdomly located with six repetitions per treatment. The variable of plant height did not show any differences between treatments in any of the zones. The treatment with fungicides was the one which showed more germination percentages in both experiments. In Pocosol, all the stocks sho wed some inhibition effect towards the fungus (P<0.05), but only during the period of the first evaluation. In Montes de Oca, we observed a larger inhibiton effect thant the one in Santa Rosa; the stocks CR-487 and CR- 422 showed smaller I.I than the witness in the first evaluation (P<0,05), and they all showd significant differences on what concerns the +N+R treatment for the same variable, during the second evaluation.
Estudio de aceptabilidad en consumo, de dos líneas promisorias de frijol, para Nicaragua.
Authors: Munguía Roberto , Soleto Marcos , Viana Abelardo
Published: October 2018

In January, 1994, we performed this research with more than 100 housekeepers in three departments in the Nicaraguan South, with the objective of getting to know the advantages for commerce and for direct consumption of the strains CIA93-B and CNIGB-93, which are currently in their validation stage in the fields. The strain COMPANIA 93-B bested CNIGB-93 in such characteristics as: grain size, shape, shine, color uniformity, grain uniformity and consistency, but was not any better if compared with the variety known as “creole” (known in the region also as “Cuarenteno”), utilized as the comparison sample. By consulting the surveys with those characteristics considered attractive for the commerce, concerning the material to be evaluated, the creole variety surpasses COMPANIA 93-B and, in the last place, we had the variety CNIGB-93. In cooking time and on the characteristics of the soup, COMPANIA 93-B is in the first place, surpassing the sample variety and the CNIGB-93, as wells in the after-cooked characteristics, where again COMPANIA 93-B surpassed the creole and the CNIGB-93.
Caracterización de cuatro variedades de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) por sus cualidades físicas y nutricionales. I. Aspectos metodológicos.
Authors: Jacinto-Hernández Carmen , Carrillo-Castañeda Guillermo , Campos-Escuerdo Albino
Published: October 2018

Seeds of four bean varieties: BAT 104, Bayo Río Grande, Canario 107 and Jamapa were studied with the objective of characterize them by the analysis of protein content, L-tryptophan (L-trp) and available L-methionine (L-met) as well as technological qualities. Preliminar tests on the L-met and L-trp content were performed in soluble protein in aqueous extracts of NaCl, acetic acid and ethanol using microbiological and spectrometrical methods. Bayo Río Grande with the longest cooking time (98 minutes) showedthe largest proportion of coat weight (11.4); Bayo Río Grande, BAT 104 and Jamapa showed small seed size. BAT 104 was the variety in which the highest total protein content was found (27.3 %) while Bayo Río Grande had the lowest (23.3 %). The average content of both aminoacids from the four varieties was higher in the saline extracts (43 % L-met and 92 % L-trp). Therefore, the subsequent analysis were only performed on the saline extracts of the materials. The cultivars Bayo Río Grande and Canario 107 showed the highest amount of L-met and L-trp respectively.
Estimación de parámetros genéticos y de respuestas a la selección en la población de arroz irrigado CNA 1.
Authors: Servellón Ramón Eduardo
Published: October 2018

The experiments took place in the harvest year of 1993/1994 under rainfed lowland conditions, at the Experimental Field in Hacienda Palmital of the EMPRAPA-CNPAF, in Goianira, Brasil. We evaluated 97 families S 2:0 originally from the CNA 1 population, using as checks the cultivars BR IRGA 409 and JAVAE, and the population CNA 1/0/1. The experimental design utilized was a 10 x 10 lattice, with an utilization lot area of 0.60 m2. The objective was to evaluate the potentials of the CNA 1 population with the goal of improvement through the estima-tion of its genetic parameters and its direct and indirect responses to selection, as well as determining the classic Smith(1936) and Hazel (1943) indexes. The traits considered in the evaluation were the following: grain yield, leaf blast, date of flowering, plant height, spikelet number per panicle, percentage of filled grain and dry weight of 100 seeds. The results indicated the trait percentage of filled grains was the main priority for yield and the traits of production, leaf blast, plant height, spikelet number per panicle and percentage of filled grains showed a high genetic variability in the population, this was evident because of the hight estimates for coefficients of genetic variability. The highest responses for selection were obtained in the traits of production and plant height, both by direct selection or by utilization of the selection index. However, selection as per the classic Smith/ Hazel index showed more efficiency in relation to direct selection.
Estudios de salinidad en la provincia de Guanacaste (Costa Rica) y caracterización de algunos suelos con influencia salina.
Authors: Montes de Oca Paulina , Mata Rafael , Chaves Marco A.
Published: October 2018

The soils wich are affected by salts are developing preferently in regions where the precipitation is limited, the temperature is high and the conditions of drainage are restricted like in some soils of Guanacaste's area. A bibliography review about some soils with high salts contents was made in Ing. Taboga, Guanacaste's area. Two soils samples was taking classified in Typic hapluster and Fluventic ustropept. There are analized with methods that caracterize the salinity of soils jour with the technics of rutinary analysis.
Potencial forrajero de híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) en la Comarca Lagunera.
Authors: Arreola Jesús , Vega Cristina , Navarro Enrique , Burciaga Gustavo
Published: October 2018

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the forage performance of several hybrids in relations with six checks. The farmer hybrids were realised by "Instituto Mexicano del Maíz", located at Saltillo, Coahuila. The agronomic traits taken into account were: grain yield and some chemical traits and their relationships with production and quality of forage in corn. Their work was divided in two parts, the first one under the field conditions in Gómez Palacio, Durango, (1992) where 25 hybrids were evaluated with a population density of 62,500 plants/ha. The analysis of variance showed no significance for production of green forage. However, one hybrid overcame the best check for more than 4 t. The second phase was carried out in the quality forage laboratory during 1992 - 1993, where each plant representing an entry was divided in three parts; later, a proximal analysis was performed and two variables were analized for green forage and ensilage. For percentage of fat, some experimentals hybrids had lower vulner than commercial hybrids in both green forage and ensilage, whereas for protein content six experimental hybrids overcame, the mean of the best checks. However, it is important to mention that the value was higher vulner of the entries for protein content were highest on ensilage than those shown for green forage whose group means were 6.91 and 6.12 respectively. In the other hand, it was posible to detect some experimental material with low vulner of fiber, mainly, in the phase of ensilage. We observed that the midde part of the plant was the richest for protein content in both ensilage and green forage. Finally, we observed the superiority of some experimental hybrids as for the parameters of contents of organic matter, portein, amount of ensilage and green forage.
Heterosis y aptitud combinatoria, para rendimiento y calidad forrajera, en poblaciones de maíz.
Authors: Latournerie Luis , Rodríguez Sergio , De León Humberto , Padrón Emilio
Published: October 2018

Twenty-eight crosses among eight populations of maize forage were evaluated in two environments (Celaya, Gto. y Gómez Palacios, Dgo. México) according with yield and quality forage. This study was carry out to determine the heterotic patterns of the populations and to identify the better populations. Sintético Forrajero and Tuxpeño Bajío populations were the best heterotic pattern, which showed the greater diversity for all traits studied. The highest forage yield was showed for cross between this two populations, 30.85 t/ha and 14.6% of heterosis. In addition, the highest general combining ability effect by forage yield over environments was of the Tuxpeño Bajío population. This suggests that Sintético Forrajero and Tuxpeño Bajío populations are the best option to begin a program of recurrent reciprocal selection. The yield of dry matter and protein was not correlated (0.06); besides, protein had very little variation between maiz forage populations.
Tecnologías para conservación y productividad: sustitutas o complementarias.
Authors: Sain Gustavo
Published: October 2018

The increase of agricultural productivity and the conservation of natural resources are announced as desirable objectives of agricultural research. They are, however, frequently presented as substitutes. Reaching one it should make necessarily to coast of sacrificing the other. This work presents the idea that both objectives could be complementary to each other through the development and transfer of technologies that simultaneously enhance productivity and conserve resources (PERC technologies). This idea is illustrated with the case of conservation tillage wih crop residue managements. Finallu the work lists the costs and benefits of technologies that are available or that are in advanced stages of development in the region.
Determinación de un patrón heterótico a partir de la evaluación de un dialelo de diez líneas de maíz subtropical.
Authors: González Santos , Córdova Hugo , Rodríguez Segio , De León Humberto , Serrato Víctor M.
Published: October 2018

In this research 45 single crosses from a diallel of ten subtropical maize lines from CIMMYT and three checks were evaluated in five sites. The experimental design utilized was an Alfa lattice with two replications per location. Combined analysis across locations were made with a randomized complete block design. Method IV of Griffing’s was used to calculate estimates of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA). The best crosses were 5x10, 5x8, 5x6, 4x10 and 5x7 with a yield of 11 t/ha aprox. The best cross was 5 x 10 which was 21% superior in seed yield and with better agronomic characteristics than the check CML78 x CML97. The line S89500F2-2-2-2-2-B-B showed the highest GCA effect. Two subtropical heterotic groups were formed with the following lines: “A”, lines one, four, five, and six; group “B” , lines two, three, seven, eight, nine, and ten. Line five can be used as a tester “A” and the line ten can be used as a tester “B”. The hybrids and lines selected could be used in subtropical environments.
Identificación de razas de Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli en hojas de phaseolus vulgaris.
Authors: Zapata Mildred
Published: October 2018

Bean Common Bacterial Blight is a limiting factor on seed yield production of Phaseolus vulgaris in many countries of Central America and the Caribbean. In order to clarify the plant-pathogen interaction, a collection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli was made in Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. The Xcp collections were inoculated on leaves of different P. vulgaris genotypes. The response to foliage inoculation identified genotypes useful for the differentiation of the pathogenicity FXcp. differences at the level of physiological races were found. On the other and, genotypes with resistance to multiple Xcp races, were also found therefore, based on foliage response, the detection of physiological races of Xcp within the collection of Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico.
Propagación vegetativa in vitro a partir de hojas jóvenes de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Cuellar José M.
Published: October 2018

This paper reports on the first in vitro cultivation tests done in El Salvador. The responses of cultivars MEX 70-485 and MEX 68-P-23 on various propagation stages, were evaluated in vitro. Young leaves still in the rolled stage were utilized. Explants 5 mm in lenght were placed on a Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium, modified for each stage of planttet recovery as follows: For the development and growth of “calluses” dosis, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l of 2.4/D were added and for differentiation, it was subtracted. To induce rhyzogenesis we used a medium with half of the macro-nutrients , one with the complete salts the other with the complete salts plus a supplement of 5 mg/l of AIA. Outstanding results were the following: In the phase of “calluses” formation, the major problem was the phenolization of the explants; the best 2.4-D acid concentration was 3.0 mgl, for both the calluses formation as for their growth and development. The differentiation was obtained with the renoval of 2.4-D acid from the medium, and the rhyzogenesis was favored with the supplement of 5 mg/l of AIA
Efecto de extractos botánicos sobre el picudo del chile (Anthonomus eugenii Cano). Resultados preliminares.
Authors: Palma Rosa Magdalena
Published: October 2018

This research effort was developed at the campus of the School of Agronomical Science, from May, 1995 to February 1996, with the objective of finding alternative solutions for desirable ecological control of the A. eugenii. The experiment consisted on the evaluation of 35 plant species, in in vitro laboratory conditions , and from which aqueous extracts were prepared with a ratio of 2.5 g of plant matter and 20 mL of water (To of 800 C) and applied to leaf discs of the sweet pepper plant (leaf discs had a diameter of 1.7 cm). The discs were used to feed the pepper weevil, in order to compare the effects on their behavior (consumption of the leaf discs and mortality rates). The treatments were distributed using a Complety Random Design with five replications. From the whole set of plant extracts, five promissory species were identifield : “mamey” seed, paradise plant, “madrecacao”, Balsamic Bark, and the leaves of “palo hediondo”. The effects of those species were notorious, since the consumption levels of the leaves varied between 0 and 40 mm2, with mortality rates from 20 to 70%. The control with plain water and other plant species showed from 60 to 135 mm2 of leaf consumption and a mortality rate from 0 to 30%.