bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Arang Aktif dari Kayu Alaban (Vitex Pinnata L.) Menggunakan Asam Asetat
Authors: Shellyanti Marisa , Komari Noer
Published: November 2023

Kayu alaban merupakan pohon yang dapat tumbuh di berbagai jenis tanah. Jenis arang kayu alaban memiliki karakteristik yang unggul dibandingkan dengan jenis arang lainnya. Arang kayu alaban memiliki kandungan karbon yang tinggi, yaitu sekitar 90%, sehingga arang kayu alaban menjadi salah satu bahan bakar yang sangat efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Arang kayu alaban cukup tersedia di pasar dan warung serta toko kelontong dan biasanya dipakai untuk kegiatan di dapur. Salah satu kelemahan arang tersebut adalah belum diaktivasi. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas arang aktif dari kayu alaban dengan asam asetat sebagai aktivator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arang tanpa aktivasi dan sesudah aktivasi memenuhi aturan yang mengacu SNI 06-3730-95 untuk kadar air (3,955% dan 3,345%) dan kadar abu (1,865% dan 2,895%). Arang setelah aktivasi memiliki daya serap iodium sebesar 761,58 mg/g telah memenuhi syarat SNI 06-3730-95.
FAKTOR PENENTU YANG MEMPENGARUHI NIAT BELI KONSUMEN PADA ONLINE FLASH SALE DI SHOPEE
Authors: Mufidah Nafaturrahmah  , Budi Astuti
Published: November 2023

Dalam kurun satu dekade, marketplace telah jauh berkembang dengan pesat. Hal ini tidak luput dari kegiatan promosi pada sejumlah perusahaan dagang berbasis elektronik, salah satunya kegiatan online flash sale (OFS). Penelitian tentang OFS masih jarang dilakukan di Indonesia, oleh karena itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis faktor pengaruh niat pembelian pada online flash sale di Shopee. Variabel yang digunakan adalah tekanan waktu, sebagai bagian dari keterbatasan yang diciptakan dari OFS, serta keterlibatan produk dan nilai yang dirasakan konsumen. Nilai yang dirasakan berupa nilai harga, fungsional, emosional, dan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer, yakni meninjau langsung pada pengguna Shopee untuk menunjang analisis secara konkret melalui analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian yang digambarkan berkontribusi dalam penelitian lanjutan dan kualitas kegiatan online flash sale di Shopee sehingga dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan dalam mengembangkan strategi pemasaran.

Kata Kunci: online flash sale, tekanan waktu, keterlibatan produk, nilai yang dirasakan, niat beli.
Analisis kebijakan fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanti Diana , Muhammad Ramadhan Bayu Aji
Published: November 2023

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the effect of fiscal policy on economic growth in Indonesia.

Methods – This study uses the time series methodology method from 1990-2021 and uses the Vector Auto Regression (VAR) or Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach.

Findings – The results showed that in the long run the variables of taxes, foreign debt, employee spending, goods spending, and subsidies affect economic growth, where the variables of taxes, goods spending, and subsidies have a positive correlation with economic growth in Indonesia, while foreign debt and employee spending have a negative correlation with economic growth in Indonesia.

Implication – This research has implications for the influence of fiscal policy on economic growth in Indonesia in the long run.

Originality – This research contributes to analyzing fiscal policy towards economic growth in Indonesia.

Abstrak

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia.

Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan metode metodologi time series tahun 1990-2021 dan menggunakan pendekatan Vector Auto Regression (VAR) atau Vector Error Correction Model (VECM).

Temuan – Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka panjang variabel pajak, utang luar negeri, belanja pegawai, belanja barang, dan subsidi berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, dimana variabel pajak, belanja barang, dan subsidi memiliki korelasi positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, sedangkan utang luar negeri dan belanja pegawai memiliki korelasi negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia.

Implikasi – Penelitian ini berimplikasi terhadap adanya pengaruh kebijakan fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dalam jangka panjang.

Orisinalitas – Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam menganalisis kebijakan fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia.
CHANGE: PLATFORM DIGITAL BERBASIS BIG DATA DAN MACHINE LEARNING UNTUK DEMONSTRASI MAHASISWA INDONESIA DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0
Authors:   Teknik Geofisika, Fakultas Teknologi Eksplorasi dan Produksi, Universitas Pertamina, Faishal Reza Naquib , Prayoga Zidane ,   Teknik Geofisika, Fakultas Teknologi Eksplorasi dan Produksi, Universitas Pertamina, Putra Zandu Boma ,   Teknik Geofisika, Fakultas Teknologi Eksplorasi dan Produksi, Universitas Pertamina
Published: November 2023

"Latar Belakang: Demonstrasi mahasiswa memang untuk menjamin kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia sejalan dengan tujuan untuk mencapai kesejahteraan rakyat. Namun, demonstrasi mahasiswa sering menyebabkan kerugian bagi masyarakat dan bagi mahasiswa itu sendiri. Karena itu, kami menawarkan solusi alternatif berupa platform digital bernama Change yang akan menjadi wadah demonstrasi mahasiswa yang lebih efektif. Tujuan: Tiga tujuan kami di antaranya menentukan peran mahasiswa untuk memperbaiki pola demonstrasi dengan Change, menentukan peran pemerintah untuk mengoptimalkan penyerapan aspirasi dari mahasiswa dengan Change, dan menentukan bentuk demonstrasi mahasiswa yang ideal dalam platform digital Change. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa penyebaran angket. Hasil angket dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil: Mayoritas mahasiswa yang mengisi survei kami setuju dengan ide platform Change sebagai pengganti dari demonstrasi mahasiswa di jalan. Bentuk kegiatan yang ideal menurut mereka adalah debat ilmiah dan focus group discussion yang mempertemukan mahasiswa dengan stakeholder terkait dari pihak pemerintah. Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa menjadi stakeholder utama dalam platform Change. Pemerintah perlu mendukung Change dengan mengarahkan seluruh lembaga pemerintah untuk bergabung ke dalam platform Change. Bentuk ideal dari platform Change yang terpenting adalah adanya unsur integrasi dan kolaborasi konstruktif antara mahasiswa dan pemerintah. Kata kunci: Demonstrasi, Change, Mahasiswa, Pemerintah"
Selection of Pin Component Sub Suppliers for Checking Fixture Products Using an Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach
Authors: Imansuri Febriza , Aritama Ditya , Sumasto Fredy , Purwojatmiko Handoko
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study is to employ a multi-criteria decision-making system technique to identify the most optimal supplier in the automotive components sector.   When selecting a supplier, it is crucial to evaluate the pros and downsides of each source in order to secure the most suitable one.   Bahana, Ltd is a company that specializes in the production of plastic components, molds, jigs, and equipment. During the production process of inspecting fixture items, pin components are required to assemble the components that need to be assembled.   At now, there are no explicit guidelines for choosing suppliers, and the selection process relies solely on subjective evaluations.   Consequently, it is necessary to establish supplier selection criteria through the utilization of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology.   This strategy is highly suitable for resolving decision-making challenges.   Bahana, Ltd employs pairwise comparisons to evaluate four criteria: pricing, quality, communication, and location.   Bahana, Ltd has the highest criteria value of 0.36 in terms of quality, followed by a value of 0.33 in terms of pricing.   Hence, the paramount criteria in supplier selection are quality and pricing.   According to the AHP calculation results, PT A was determined to be the optimal choice as it obtained the highest weight value in comparison to other suppliers.
Spatial modeling of physical and chemical parameters for the evaluation of the Río Puerta Grande stream in Mexico City
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Espejo-Montes Fátima de los Angeles , Solís-Correa Hugo Eduardo ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Gomez-Nuñez Jersáin ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Beltrán-Rocha Julio César ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, López-Chuken Ulrico Javier ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Gómez-Salazar Sergio ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Barceló-Quintal Icela Dagmar ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco
Published: November 2023

The Río Puerta Grande stream is in the Tarango micro-basin ravine in Mexico City and is considered environmental value area (EVA) due to its ecological importance. However, despite this, urban sewage is discharged into the stream. A physical, chemical, and biological characterization of its waters was realized in 2020 during the dry season and after the rainy season. As part of the analytical results, in situ and ex-situ parameter spatial distribution maps of seven sampling sites were obtained using ArcGIS software’s inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation tool. The variation in concentration for each parameter during the two seasons is shown on the maps, where red indicates the highest concentration and blue is the lowest. At the residual discharge sites, the concentration increased during the dry season; specific parameters in the period after the rainy season decreased due to a dilution effect, whereas others increased, such as fecal coliform, suspended solids, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). BOD revealed high concentrations during the dry season when it was influenced by urban discharge but decreased following the rainy season. Despite the low dissolved oxygen value between 4.39 and 3.80 mg/L, the stream does not currently show anoxia. Regarding the overall water quality index (WQI) during both periods, the stream’s water quality at all sites was “Highly contaminated,” according to Montoya et al. According to León-Dinius, the WQI was “Bad” in both seasons and in the period after the rainy season, it was deemed “Bad” and “Very bad”. The contaminants that should be considered as producing the most risk are organic matter (as reflected by BOD) and bacteriological pollutants.
Availability of Essential Antimicrobials in Public and Private Sector Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Survey in a District of North India
Authors: Mittal Niti , Mittal Rakesh , Singh Sukhbir , Godara Sushila
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: There is a need to assess the availability of essential antimicrobials as the availability of an antimicrobial is a critical element of its rational use. We aimed to assess the availability of antimicrobials listed in National List of Essential Medicines 2015, India (primary list) and a selected (secondary) list comprising of agents indicated for commonly encountered infectious illnesses in various healthcare settings and to identify the reasons for their non-availability. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 25 public, private, and other sector pharmacies was carried out in Rohtak, a district of North Indian state of Haryana, from April to June 2022. (3) Results: Most of the antimicrobials surveyed were optimally available in various sector pharmacies with the exception of benzathine benzyl penicillin, benzyl penicillin, cloxacillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, amphotericin B and antimalarials. Most frequent reasons for limited availability were low demand, no prescriptions and non-listing of drugs in state essential medicine list. (4) Conclusions: Enough evidence needs to be generated with respect to status of availability of essential antimicrobials from different regions of India as well as other lower-middle income countries to devise measures for ascertaining better availability of these agents especially antibiotics at regional, national and global scales.
Sero-Epidemiology of Lumpy Skin Disease and Determine Community Awareness Level about LSD in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Moje Nebyou , Seifu Adane , Hailegebreal Gizachew , Shegu Dereje , Ferrara Gianmarco , Montagnaro Serena
Published: November 2023

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccination and epidemiological distribution remain unknown in some parts of Ethiopia including the Sidama regional state. With this, an assessment of LSD vaccine-related problems and serological study was performed in selected districts of Sidama regional state representing three agroecological zones from September 2021 to June 2022. A cross-sectional study of qualitative and quantitative studies was used. The result showed a few portion of respondents know about LSD (29.2%), and vaccinate their cattle (23.3%). 20.8% of the respondents stated LSD occurrence in their vaccinated cattle while focus group discussion with the professionals stated the possible reasons related to electric power disruption that impacted LSD vaccine cold-chain. The other study was on sero-epedimiology of LSD which showed an overall animal and herd level sero-prevalence of 40.8% and 81%, respectively. Higher and lower sero-prevalence was observed in lowland (48%) and highland (28%) areas, respectively. Furthermore, risk factor analysis showed the existence of a significant association between management systems, breed, and body condition score (BCS) of cattle. In conclusion, both qualitative and quantitative study results showed the need for intervention in terms of community-based awareness creation about LSD clinical signs, vaccination advantages, and options for electric power supply together with the frequently updated information on LSD prevalence.
A Portable and Disposable Electrochemical Sensor Utilizing Laser-Scribed Graphene for Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Detection
Authors: Wang Runzhong , Zhu Bicheng , Young Paul , Luo Yu , Taylor John , Cameron Alan J , Squire Christopher J. , Travas-Sejdic Jadranka
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 has been the greatest global threat to human health in the last three years. The most widely used methodologies for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), used to detect the viral genome, and rapid antigen tests (RATs), also known as lateral flow tests, that employ specific antibodies to detect the viral spike protein. While PCR is considered the gold standard test in terms of specificity and sensitivity, it is time-consuming and requires specialized instrumentation operated by skilled personnel. In contrast, RATs can be used in-home or at point-of care but are less sensitive leading to a higher rate of false negative results. An alternative methodology for the detection of virus is the use of electrochemical biosensors that employ disposable strip electrodes to which binding of viral components elicits a change in electrical signal. Laser-scribed graphene (LSG) electrodes are attractive candidates for use as biosensors electrodes suitable for SARS-COV-2 detection due to their low-cost, patternability and ease of fabrication. In this work, we describe the development of a biosensor for COVID-19 detection that exploits a split-ester bond ligase system (termed ‘EsterLigase’) for immobilization of a virus-specific nanobody to maintain the out-of-plane orientation of the probe to ensure the efficacy of the probe-target recognition process. An anti-spike VHH E nanobody, genetically fused with the EsterLigase domain, was used as the specific probe for the spike receptor-binding domain (SP-RBD) protein as the target. The recognition between the two was measured by the change in the charge transfer resistance, determined by fitting the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra. The developed LSG-based biosensor achieved a linear detection range for the SP-RBD from 15 pM to 150 nM with a sensitivity of 0.0866 [log(M)]-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.68 pM.
New Compounds from Plants: A Perspective View
Authors: Oliveira Eduarda dos Santos , Kohatsu Cintia Naomi , Hufnagel Mariana Tedesco , Gennaro Victoria Furlanetto , Demarque Daniel Pecoraro
Published: November 2023

In view of the diminishing contribution of natural products from plants to the discovery of new chemical structures, the aim of this study was to compile the articles from 2021 to 2022, assessing: (1) which classes of compounds these new structures belong to; (2) which plants and families these compounds belong to and (3) assessing the degree of novelty of the compound with an already known structure. The review was elaborate following the Preferred Reporting Items for System-atics Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement checklist for guide reporting of systematic reviews. A total of 464 articles were selected for the new compounds of natural origin survey. We included 117 complete articles in this review and reported approximately 109 new structures elucidated during the years 2021 and 2022. Many of the compounds showed small structural var-iations in relation to already known molecules. For some, however, this small modification was decisive for the biological activity reported, demonstrating the importance of descriptive phytochemical studies.
SISA: The First Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Integral Field
Spectrograph Using Slicers
Authors: Calcines Rosario Ariadna , Reid Hamish Andrew Sinclair , Matthews Sarah , Auchère Frédéric , Corso Alain Jody , Del Zanna Giulio , Dudik Jaroslav , Gissot Samuel , Hayes Laura , Kerr Graham Stewart , Kintziger Christian , Musset Sophie , Polito Vanessa , Ryan Daniel F. , Orozco Suárez David
Published: November 2023

Particle acceleration, and the thermalisation of energetic particles, are fundamental processes across the universe. Whilst the Sun is an excellent object to study this phenomenon, since it is the most energetic particle accelerator in the Solar System, this phenomenon arises in many other astrophysical objects, such as active galactic nuclei, black holes, neutron stars, gamma ray bursts, solar and stellar coronae, accretion disks and planetary magnetospheres. Observations in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) are essential for these studies but can only be made from space. Current spectrographs operating in the EUV use an entrance slit and cover the required field of view using a scanning mechanism. This results in a relatively slow image cadence on the order of minutes to capture inherently rapid and transient processes, and/or in the spectrograph slit `missing the action'. The application of image slicers for EUV integral field spectrographs is therefore revolutionary. The development of this technology will enable observations of EUV spectra from an entire 2D field of view in seconds, over two orders of magnitude faster than what is currently possible. The Spectral Imaging of the Solar Atmosphere (SISA) instrument is the first integral field spectrograph proposed for observations at 180A combining the image slicer technology and curved diffraction gratings in a highly efficient and compact layout, while providing important spectroscopic diagnostics for characterization of solar coronal and flare plasmas. SISA's characteristics, main challenges and the on-going activities to enable the image slicer technology for EUV applications are presented in this paper.
Bioaccumulation of Microcystin-LR and Induced Physio-Biochemical Changes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Vegetative Stage under Hydroponic Culture Conditions
Authors: Jiang Jinlin , Shi Yue , Tian Feng , Long Tao , Li Xuzhi , Ying Rongrong
Published: November 2023

Irrigation with water containing a variety of microcystins (MCs) may pose potential threat to normal growth of agricultural plants. The mechanism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) induced phytotoxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at environmental concentrations is still unknown. Rice seedlings were exposed to MC-LR at concentrations of 0.10, 1.0, 10.0 and 50.0 μg·L−1 in hydroponic nutrient solutions for 7, 15, 20, and 34 days in the current study. The absorption and accumulation in leaf and root tissues, as well as a series of key physio-biochemical process changes in leaves of rice at different exposure time points were measured. Results showed that MC-LR could be detected in rice leaves and roots in all exposure groups, however, a significant accumulation trend of MC-LR in plants (BCF > 1) was only found in the lowest group (0.10 μg·L−1). The time-course study revealed a biphasic response of O2•- levels in rice leaves to the exposure of MC-LR, which was more pronounced in higher concentration groups, which could be attributed to the combined effects of antioxidant and detoxification mechanisms in rice. Exposure to 1.0 - 50.0 μg·L−1 MC-LR resulted in significant depletion of GSH and MDA contents in rice leaves at later exposure times. The changes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rice leaves under MC-LR exposure were firstly investigated in the current study. Low MC-LR concentrations promoted NOS activity, whereas high concentrations inhibited NOS activity during the later exposure times, implying that NO may play a role in MC-LR toxicity in rice. Reduced sucrose synthase (SS) activities in rice exposed to MC-LR can reduce the plant's ability to accumulate carbon and thus may be directly related to the reduction in vegetative growth. These findings suggest that even at low concentrations of MC-LR, terrestrial plants' normal physiological status is disrupted, which, when combined with previous findings, helps reveal the mechanism of MC-LR-induced phytotoxicity.
UV-C Light Intervention as a Barrier against Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ragan Izabela , Perez Jessie , Hartson Lindsay , Davenport Wilson , Doyle Branden
Published: November 2023

Background: SARS-CoV-2 continues to impact human health globally, with airborne transmission being a significant mode for transmission. In addition to tools like vaccination and testing, counter-measures that reduce viral spread in indoor settings are critical. This study aims to assess the efficacy of UV-C light, utilizing the Violett sterilization device, as a countermeasure against airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the highly susceptible Golden Syrian hamster model. Methods: Two cohorts of naïve hamsters were subjected to airborne transmission from experimentally infected hamsters; one cohort was exposed to air treated with UV-C sterilization, while the other cohort was exposed to un-treated air. Results: Treatment of air with UV-C light prevented the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from experimentally exposed hamster to naïve hamsters. Notably, this protection was sustained over a muti-day exposure period during peak viral shedding from hamsters. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the efficacy of the UV-C light to mitigate airborne SARS-CoV-2 trans-mission. As variants to continue to emerge, UV-C light holds promise as a tool to reduce infections in diverse indoor settings, ranging from healthcare facilities to households. This study reinforces the urgency of implementing innovative methods to reduce airborne disease transmission and safeguard public health against emerging biological threats.
Community Pharmacy as a Study Center for the Epidemio-logical Analysis of the Population Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2: Regulatory Rules and Prescriptions
Authors: Dibenedetto Jacopo Raffaele , Cetrone Michela , Antonacci Marina , Cannone Domenico Pio , Antonacci Stefania , Bratta Pasquale , Leonetti Francesco , Tricarico Domenico
Published: November 2023

We conducted a monocentric observational study aimed at evaluating the pharmaceutical service provided at a Community Pharmacy (C.PH.) during pandemia in our Puglia Region in the period from 29.12.2021 to 12.03.2022 on 550 patients of various ages, sexes, and with concomitant diseases. We collected anamnestic data and any post-vaccination adverse reactions. Interviews with the integrated EQ5 method on evaluating the quality of the service offered and any therapy preference were also performed. As expected, the vaccines were reactogenic after the first dose in the patients with mild-moderate reactions with younger age and female gender as risk factors. Immune-allergic reactions of moderate-severe degree were observed in adult females. In the elderly, the vaccination procedure was well tolerated. Comirnaty showed a favorable O.R.<;1 vs other vaccines. No myocarditis and thromboembolic events in our population were observed. All treatments in May 2023 were correlated with a viremia trend, Paxlovid was prescribed in 3% of the patients in our center and in 1.46% in the Puglia Region with no effects in the hospitalization. It was distributed/dispensed by a novel on behalf of third parties distribution/dispensation (D.P.C.) protocol by the C.PH. The C.PH. resulted in a safe vaccination center providing appropriate patient inclusion during vaccination.
Field Simulation Technique to Enhance Mechanical Behavior and Elemental Composition of Soft Clay Soil using Thermal Treatment
Authors: Shareef Ali H. , Al-Neami Mohammed A. , Rahil Falah H.
Published: November 2023

: Clay covers a substantial portion of the Earth. Such soil covers Iraq’s central and southern regions, where the depth of the clay may reach 150 m. All enhancement techniques and methods for transporting large loads cease to function or become prohibitively expensive in such soils. In this case, thermal treatment is the most effective method. In this study, a novel heating system was created and produced utilizing gas as the heat source via boreholes that simulate reality. The borehole heating cases were planted inside soft clay soil to enhance the soil. Different parameters were investigated, including the spacing between boreholes (3, 4, and 5 times the outer diameter of the borehole), the heating depth (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 times the width of the model footing), the duration of heating (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hrs), and the pattern (square, circular, triangular). The results showed the strength and behavior of the soil treated with heated boreholes at varying spacings, depths, patterns, and heating periods. The best results were found for a spacing, depth, and heating time of three times the outer diameter of the borehole, two times the width of the footing model, and eight hours, respectively. The effect of the heated borehole casing pattern was small when the heated borehole casing was used. The experiments conducted on heated soil showed that the undrained shear strength (Cu) increased from 14 to 360 kPa and then dropped to 140 kPa (as an average with depth). In contrast, the average angle of internal friction (Ø) rose from 0 to 52 degrees and decreased to 16 degrees (as an average with depth) from the center of the heating model to the furthest point affected by heating. In addition, the EDS pattern showed that components like silicon, aluminum, and iron dropped at 300 °C and rose at 400 °C in the treated soils. At 200 °C, the calcium content rose, and then dropped dramatically at 400 °C. The carbon percentage increased at 300 °C and decreased at 400 °C. The elements’ proportions showed little change or remained stable at temperatures between 400 °C and 600 °C.
MVA-ST Vaccination in an Aged-Hamster Model for COVID-19 Overcomes Age-Related Immune Dysfunction and Robustly Activates T Cells and Antibodies
Authors: Clever Sabrina , Schünemann Lisa-Marie , Armando Federico , Meyer zu Natrup Christian , Tuchel Tamara , Tscherne Alina , Ciurkiewicz Malgorzata , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Sutter Gerd Sutter , Volz Asisa
Published: November 2023

Aging is associated with a decline in immune system functionality. So-called immunosenescence may impair successful vaccination of elderly people. Thus, improved vaccination strategies specifically adapted to an aged immune system are required. We characterized a recombinant MVA expressing a stabilized version of SARS-CoV-2 S protein (MVA-ST) in an aged-hamster model for COVID-19. Intramuscular MVA-ST immunization resulted in protection from disease and severe lung pathology. Importantly, protection correlated with potent activation of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies. Our results suggest that MVA vector vaccines merit further evaluation as clinical candidate vaccines in elderly people to overcome limitations of age-dependent immunosenescence.
Genome-Wide Identification, Expression and Interaction Analyses of PP2C Family Genes in Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Yang Dongdong , Zhang Xia , Cao Meng , Yin Lu , Gao Aihong , An Kexin , Gao Songmei , Guo Shanli , Yin Haibo
Published: November 2023

Plant protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) serve as negative regulators of protein kinase cascades activated in different processes and play important roles in plant development and abiotic-stress-mediated signaling pathways. In this study, a genome-wide study was conducted on the CqPP2C gene family. A total of putative 117 CqPP2C genes were identified. Comprehensive analyses of physical and chemical feature, chromosome localization and subcellular localization were conducted. According to phylogenetic analysis, CqPP2Cs were divided into 13 subfamilies. CqPP2Cs in the same subfamily had similar gene structure, conserved motif and all the CqPP2C proteins had the type 2C phosphatase domains. Gene duplication revealed that segmental duplication was the major driving force for CqPP2Cs expansion and all duplicated CqPP2Cs evolved from purifying selection. The expression of CqPP2Cs in various tissues under different abiotic stresses was analyzed using RNA-seq data. The results revealed that CqPP2C genes were involved in regulating development and stress responses of quinoa. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of six CqPP2C genes in subfamily A revealed that they were up-regulated or down-regulated under salt and drought treatments. Furthermore, the results of yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that subfamily A CqPP2Cs interacted not only with subclass III CqSnRK2s, but also with subclass II CqSnRK2s. Subfamily A CqPP2Cs could interact with CqSnRK2s in different combinations and intensities to respond to various biological processes and stresses. Overall, our results will be useful for understanding the functions of CqPP2C in regulating ABA signals and responding to abiotic stress.
Applications of Tungsten Pseudo-alloys in the Energy Sector
Authors: Macháčková Adéla , Bárta Otakar , Brožová Silvie
Published: November 2023

New ways of generating energy are currently being discussed, with a transition from traditional primary sources to more environmentally friendly options, particularly renewables. Energy storage is also closely related to this transition. Battery storage currently dominates this area. However, flywheel energy storage system (FESS) technology offers an alternative that uses stored kinetic energy to be transformed into mechanical energy and, using a motor-generator, electrical energy. FESS technology is thus flexible and can be applied in different industrial applications.
The management of the technology of recycling W-MMC waste material from other products and the subsequent trial production of high-strength W-MMC material with a density of more than 17 500 kg/m3 from recycled powders allowed to test the limits of the so-called "heavy" flywheels used in rotor production. Materials with densities ≥ 7 800 kg/m3, and operating at lower to medium speeds up to 20 000 rpm.
The results achieved lead to the conclusion that the developed recycled materials of the W-MMC type with a density ≥ 17 500 kg/m3, with a yield strength of 1 200 - 1 700 MPa depending on the production method, can be used as a substitute for the structural steels used today, without an enforced reduction of the maximum allowed rotor speed due to exceeding the maximum allowed stress.
Symmetry and Asymmetry of One-Way Einstein-Rosen Bridge Inside Black Hole
Authors: Dokuchaev Vyacheslav Ivanovich , Prokopev Konstantin Eduardovich
Published: November 2023

We elucidate the versatility of intriguing symmetry and asymmetry phenomena outside and inside black holes. For description of the test particle (planet and photon) motion it is used the Kerr-Newman metric of the rotating and electrically charged black hole. In particular, it is demonstrated the symmetry and asymmetry of the one-way Einstein-Rosen bridge inside black hole toward and through the plethora of endless and infinite universes.
Redefining Peptide 14D: Substitutional Analysis for Accelerated TB Diagnosis and Enhanced Activity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Hilpert Kai , Munshi Tulika , López-Pérez Paula M , Sequeira-Garcia Joana , Bull Tim J
Published: November 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a predominant cause of mortality, especially in low- and middle-income nations. Recently antimicrobial peptides were discovered that at low concentrations could stimulate the growth of M. tuberculosis (hormetic response). In this study, such a peptide was used to investigate the effects on the time to positivity (TTP). A systematic substitution analysis of peptide 14D was synthesized using Spot synthesis technology, resulting in 171 novel peptides. Our findings revealed a spectrum of interactions, with some peptides accelerating M. tuberculosis growth, potentially aiding in faster diagnostics, while others exhibited inhibitory effects. Notably, peptide NH2-wkivfiwrr-CONH2 significantly reduced the TTP by 25 hours compared to the wild-type peptide 14D, highlighting its potential in improving TB diagnostics by culture. Several peptides demonstrated potent antimycobacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 µg/mL against H37Rv and a multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strain. Additionally, a reduction in the formation of cord-like structures was observed, which is indicative of reduced virulence and transmission potential. This study underscores the multifaceted roles of antimicrobial peptides in TB management, from enhancing diagnostic efficiency to offering therapeutic avenues against M. tuberculosis.
The Many Unknowns of Partial Sensory Disconnection during Sleep
Authors: Cirelli Chiara , Tononi Giulio
Published: November 2023

When we are asleep we lose the ability to promptly respond to external stimuli and yet we spend many hours every day in this inherently risky behavioral state. This simple fact strongly suggests that sleep must serve essential functions that rely on the brain going offline, on a daily basis, and for long periods of time. If these functions did not require partial sensory disconnection, it would be difficult to explain why they are not performed during waking. Paradoxically, despite its central role in defining sleep and what sleep does, sensory disconnection during sleep remains a mystery. We have a limited understanding of how it is implemented along the sensory pathways, we do not know whether the same mechanisms apply to all sensory modalities, nor do we know to which extent these mechanisms are shared between non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and REM sleep. The main goal of this contribution is to review some knowns and unknowns about sensory disconnection during sleep as a first step to fill this gap.
DeepFlower: Archival and Retrieval of Videos
Authors: Aradhya Manjunath , V K Jyothi , Kumar Sharath , D S Guru , Kumar Vinay
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a model for archival and retrieval of the videos of natural flowers. To design an efficient video retrieval system the stages namely, keyframe selection, feature extraction, feature dimensionality reduction and indexing are essential for fast browsing and accessing of videos. Three different keyframe selection approaches are proposed using clustering algorithms after segmenting flower regions from its background. Deep Convolutional Neural Network is used as a feature extractor. After keyframe selection, a video is represented with a set of keyframes. To reduce the feature dimension of a video, two feature selection methods are utilized. For an efficient archival and fast retrieval of flower videos an indexing method called KD-tree is recommended. For a given query video, similar videos are retrieved both in relative and absolute search modalities. An extensive experimentation conducted on a relatively large flower video dataset. The data set consists of 7788 videos of 30 different species of flowers. The videos are captured with three different devices in different resolutions. The comparative study reveals proposed keyframe selection approaches gives better results. It has also been observed that the videos retrieved in absolute approach with features selected from Binormal separation metric and indexing gives good results.
Infrared Thermal Imaging Analysis for Diagnosing Toddler’s Fractures
Authors: Saatchi Reza , Ramlakhan Shammi
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore and develop high-resolution infrared thermal (HRIT) imaging for screening toddler’s fracture. A Toddler’s fracture is a common tibial fracture of children younger than 6 years old. Initial x-ray radiographs may not show the fracture and another x-ray during a follow-on visit is usually required. The study included 39 participants admitted to an emergency department with a suspected toddler’s fracture. X-ray confirmed 8 cases with a toddler’s fracture (20.5%). Infrared images of participants were recorded on their index visit, focusing on region-of-interests on the injured and the contralateral (uninjured) legs. The uninjured leg acted as a thermal reference. Nine statistical measures were extracted from the images: maximum, mini-mum, mean, standard deviation, median, mode, interquartile range, skewness, and kurtosis. Wilcoxon rank sum test indicated that maximum, mean, standard deviation, median, and inter quartile range temperature measures were significantly different (p<0.05) when comparing fractured and non-fractured legs. Principal component analysis of these measures highlighted distinct separation of toddler’s fracture and non-fracture cases. Similarly, plots of the statistical measures further confirmed clustering of toddler’s fracture cases. The study demonstrated that HRIT imaging can be a valuable tool for screening for toddler’s fracture.
TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG CIVITAS AKADEMIKA UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA GLOBALISASI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Pratiwi Erisya Pebrianti , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Susanto Susanto
Published: November 2023

The development of science and technology is currently growing. With the spread of technological advance due to the influence of globalization today brings various effects, both beneficial and bad influences. The same matter also has an influence on progress in the world of teaching and learning, especially in universities, where teachers and students are required to be able to keep up with the current developments. Therefore, this study aims to find out what are the challenges and opportunities in teaching and learning activities between lecturers and students. The method used is qualitative, which the researcher will interview lecturers and also students at Sebelas Maret University Surakarta in facing the era of globalization during this covid pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic requires the academic community to be more creative in following health protocols so that the virus does not spread from individual to individual. There are many challenges to deal with amidst the development of technology and also the global situation where Covid-19 is still a public concern.
TRADISI NGANGGUNG DI PULAU BANGKA: SUATU ALTERNATIF DALAM PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL UNTUK PENGUATAN IDENTITAS MORAL
Authors: Yuliarni Yuliarni
Published: November 2023

The morality of today's society is being questioned, even actions that lead to immorality often occur. Many things trigger this condition, one of which is the proliferation of foreign cultures that are more tempting, and the acceptance of foreign cultures without a filter. Education in the present context, which should be a place for self-development, is considered less effective in building ideal characters for today's generation. The nganggung tradition as one of the cultural ceremonies on Bangka Island can be recommended as a medium to reaffirm the moral identity of the community, especially for the younger generation. The purpose of this paper is to further discuss the role of the Nganggung tradition as an effort to strengthen the moral identity of the community. The research method used is library research through several results of existing research studies. The results of the study of this paper are, that in the nganggung tradition there is a philosophical meaning that leads to the strengthening of national identity, as well as a form of preserving morality through all its processions. The conclusion is, that the Nganggung tradition can be an example of local culture to strengthen moral identity and be implemented through multicultural education.
Applicability of a Modified I-D Method for Predicting Slope Failure to Different Slopes
Authors: Danjo Toru , Ishizawa Tomohiro
Published: November 2023

The authors have proposed a modified intensity–duration (I-D) method that incorporates field measurements of tensiometer to improve the accuracy of predicting the risk of slope failure. This method uses an indicator that considers the relationship of the duration from the time point at which the saturated zone is assumed to have formed to the average rainfall intensity during that period. The usefulness of this method has been verified, but its applicability to different slopes has not yet been investigated. Here, the authors collected long-term observations on a natural slope in Minamiashigara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, and examined the Modified I-D method using data on slope failures in the surrounding area. The authors also compared the results with plots of previous rainfall index (soil water index–accumulated rainfall in 60 min, effective rainfall amount with a half-life of 72 h–effective rainfall amount with a half-life of 1.5 h, and accumulated rainfall–accumulated rainfall in 60 min). The snake curves for rainfall events during slope failure and non-failure were clearly separated. The accuracy was high, confirming the applicability of the modified I-D method.
Building Quality-Oriented Societies in Asia Through Effective Water-Related Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Ishiwatari Mikio , Ali Firdaus , Tabios III Guillermo Q. , Lee Joo-Heon , Matsuki Hirotaka
Published: November 2023

Asia-Pacific countries are facing growing risks from water-related disasters that are being exacerbated by climate change, urbanization, population growth, and development activities. Effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) are crucial for building quality-oriented societies. This study proposes approaches to DRR and CCA by examining cases and approaches from a special session at the 9th International Conference on Flood Management. This session was held to follow up on the Kumamoto Declaration adopted at the 4th Asia-Pacific Water Summit in Kumamoto in April 2022, and demonstrated the determination of heads of states and governments to resolve water issues in the region. The recent disaster cases in Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Indonesia highlight the unprecedented scale of water-related disasters. These countries have developed integrated structural and non-structural measures as fundamental solutions, including planning supported by scientific evidence, institutional reforms, and capacity building. However, there is a need to prioritize and strengthen urban planning and land use regulations for effective DRR and CCA. The Kumamoto Declaration emphasized three critical approaches: science and technology, finance, and governance, while the session clarified the effectiveness of these approaches. Leveraging science and technology can help societies develop and implement effective strategies to mitigate climate risks and safeguard vulnerable populations and ecosystems. However, there is a significant investment gap for flood protection, estimated at USD 64 billion per year. Thus, financial arrangements must be established. Meanwhile, good governance is essential for collaboration between local bodies, national governments, and international assistance. Such governance can leverage green infrastructure as a key solution and promote disaster resilience that is both locally driven and nationally relevant.
Duygusal Zekânın İşgörenlerin Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Aracılık Rolü: Perakende Sektöründe Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÖZDAMAR Şilan , DOĞRUL Burcu Şefika
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, duygusal zekânın, işgörenlerin performansı üzerindeki etkisinde lider-üye etkileşiminin rolünü araştırmaktır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Perakende hizmet sektöründe yer alan işletmelerin çalışanlarından oluşan bir örneklemde 289 katılımcıdan anket yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde Kısmi En Küçük Kareler Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi kullanılmış, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerde etkinin yönü ve şiddeti tespit edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Duygusal zekânın tüm alt boyutlarının işgörenlerin performansı üzerindeki etkisinde lider-üye etkileşiminin aracılık rolü olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sınırlılıklar: Çalışma evreninin Mersin ile sınırlı olması araştırmanın genelleştirilebilirliğini sınırlamaktadır. Ayrıca korona virüs salgınının geliştiği pandemi ortamında, verilerin toplandığı mağaza ve market çalışanlarının normale göre daha az sayıda olması ve verilerin yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle elde edilmeye çalışılması daha çok katılımcıya ulaşılmasını sınırlamıştır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Literatürde duygusal zekâ, LÜE ve performans kavramlarının bir arada çalışıldığı sınırlı sayıda çalışma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mevcut çalışmaların aksine bu çalışmada liderin değil çalışanların duygusal zekaya sahip olmalarının iş performanslarına etkisinde liderleriyle olan etkileşimlerinin aracılık etkisinin incelenmesi bu çalışmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır.
Avatar Görünümünün Etkili Olduğu Unsurların Müşteri Olma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DAL Nil Esra , TAŞCI Muhammed Furkan
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı sanal mağazalarda avatar görünümünün mutluluk, heyecan, güven, empati ve duygusal çekicilik unsurları üzerindeki ve bu unsurların tüketicinin müşteri olma niyeti üzerine etkisini ölçmektir. Ayrıca avatar görünümünün müşteri olma niyeti üzerinde mutluluk duygusunun aracı rolü incelenmiştir.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Yazarların oluşturduğu sanal mağaza ve avatarlar katılımcılara izletilmiştir. Kolayda örneklem metodu yardımıyla 214 katılımcıdan toplanan veriler, kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile test edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmada avatar görünümünün mutluluk, heyecan, güven, empati ve duygusal çekicilik üzerinde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca mutluluk ve duygusal çekicilik unsurlarının müşteri olma niyeti üzerinde etkisi ve avatar görünümünün müşteri olma niyeti üzerinde mutluluk duygusunun aracı rolü tespit edilmiştir.

Sınırlılıklar: Yazarlar tarafından oluşturulan sanal mağazada katılımcılara mağaza ve avatar deneyimini yaşatmak özellikle zaman açısından önemli bir kısıttır. Bu deneyimin sanal gözlük ile gerçekleştirilememiş olması da araştırmanın bir diğer kısıtıdır.

Özgünlük/Değer: Dijital çağın, tüketicilerin ve işletmelerin sanal mağaza ve avatar kullanımındaki artışı beraberinde getireceği düşünülmektedir. Bu durum, sanal mağazalarda yer alan avatarların tüketici duygularına etkisini ve bu duyguların müşteri olma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesini değerli kılmaktadır. Çalışma; sanal mağaza deneyimi, avatar görünümü, tüketici duyguları ve müşteri olma niyeti konularını ele alan kısıtlı sayıdaki çalışmalardandır ve bu konuda pazarlama literatürüne katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.