bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Siomycin A: Completion of the Total Synthesis
Authors: Hashimoto Kimiko , et al. et al.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Peloruside A: A Potent Microtubule Stabilizer.
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Xu Xiaoming , Kim Jae‐Hun , Xu Chun‐Xiao
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Assignment of the Absolute Configuration of Goniodomin A by NMR Spectroscopy and Synthesis of Model Compounds.
Authors: Takeda Yoshiyuki , Shi Jinglu , Oikawa Masato , Sasaki Makoto
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Shikonin (V) via a Highly α‐Regioselective Prenylation of 1,4,5,8‐Tetramethoxynaphthalene‐2‐carbaldehyde (II).
Authors: Zhao Li‐Ming , Xu De‐Feng , Zhou Wen , Li Shao‐Shun
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Analysis and Vacuum Ultraviolet Excited Luminescence Properties of Sol—Gel Derived Y3Al5O12:Eu3+ Phosphors.
Authors: Lu Chung‐Hsin , Hsu Wei‐Tse , Hsu Chia‐Hao , Lu Hsiao‐Chi , Cheng Bing‐Ming
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antihypertensive Effects of New Methylthiomorpholinphenol Derivatives.
Authors: Velazquez A. Ma. , Martinez L. , Abrego V. , Balboa M. A. , Torres L. A. , Camacho B. , Diaz‐Barriga S. , Romero A. , Lopez‐Castanares R. , Angeles E.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cannabinoid Activity of 1‐Substituted‐indole‐3‐oxadiazole Derivatives: Novel Agonists for the CB1 Receptor.
Authors: Moloney Gerard P. , Angus James A. , Robertson Alan D. , Stoermer Martin J. , Robinson Michael , Wright Christine E. , McRae Ken , Christopoulos Arthur
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Origin of Ferromagnetic Response in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors and Oxides
Authors: Dietl Tomasz
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tensile Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Sn—0.7Cu—0.4Co Bulk Solder Alloy for Electronics Applications
Authors: Andersson Cristina , Sun Peng , Liu Johan
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of the Phosphates of Barium and Tetravalent Cations in the 1:1 Stoichiometry
Authors: Popa Karin , Bregiroux Damien , Konings Rudy J. M. , Gouder Thomas , Popa Aurelian F. , Geisler Thorsten , Raison Philippe E.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylidyne Complexes Ligated by Poly(pyrazolyl)borates
Authors: Caldwell Lorraine M.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Organometallic Chemistry of Group 9 Poly(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes
Authors: Crossley Ian R.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Phosphide Complexes
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo J. , Laguna Antonio , Olmos M. Elena
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Features of Dinoflagellate Toxins Underlying Biological Activity as Viewed by NMR
Authors: Murata Michio , Matsumori Nobuaki , Konoki Keiichi , Oishi Tohru
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Creation of Cyclic π‐Electron‐Conjugated Systems Through the Functionalization of Fullerenes and Synthesis of Their Multinuclear Metal Complexes
Authors: Matsuo Yutaka
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Activity of Ln‐N Complexes
Authors: Mei Luo
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Concept for the Preparation of Hierarchically Structured π‐Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Frauenrath Holger , Jahnke Eike
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State NMR Studies of Weak Interactions in Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Immobilization of Catalysts for Selective Oxidation in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Alaerts Luc , Wahlen Joos , Jacobs Pierre A. , De Vos Dirk E.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Structures
Authors: Kundu Nitya G.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis: A Spectrum of Approaches and Results
Authors: Spandl Richard J. , Bender Andreas , Spring David R.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Pancratistatin
Authors: Manpadi Madhuri , Kornienko Alexander
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tartaric Acid and Its O‐Acyl Derivatives. Part 2. Application of Tartaric Acid and of O‐Acyl Tartaric Acids and Anhydrides. Resolution of Racemates
Authors: Synoradzki Ludwik , Bernas Urszula , Ruskowski Pawel
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis in the Solid State via Hydrogen‐Bond‐Driven Self‐Assembly
Authors: MacGillivray Leonard R.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ATPase Inhibitors Archazolid and Cruentaren: Total Syntheses
Authors: von Zezschwitz Paultheo
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C2 and C1 Symmetry of Chiral Auxiliaries in Catalytic Reactions on Metal Complexes.
Authors: Pavlov Valeri A.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Status and Future Perspectives of Platinum Antitumor Drugs
Authors: Chikuma Masahiko , Sato Takaji , Komeda Seiji
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling of Thiol Esters and Boronic Acids under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Prokopcova Hana , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Proteoglycan as a Key Molecule in Atherosclerosis Progression: Characteristics of the Structure and Regulation of the Synthesis
Authors: Urano Akiko , Yamamoto Chika , Fujiwara Yasuyuki , Kaji Toshiyuki
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium Compounds Enhance Adult Neurogenesis after Brain Ischemia
Authors: Shioda Norifumi , Morioka Motohiro , Fukunaga Kohji
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Pellisier Helene
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Baeyer—Villiger Reaction on Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Jimenez‐Sanchidrian Cesar , Ruiz Jose Rafael
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbometalation of Unactivated Alkenes by Zinc Enolate Derivatives
Authors: Perez‐Luna Alejandro , Botuha Candice , Ferreira Franck , Chemla Fabrice
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Samarium Diiodide in the Field of Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Gopalaiah Kovuru , Kagan Henri B.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products as Leads to Potential Drugs: An Old Process or the New Hope for Drug Discovery?
Authors: Newman David J.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products, Small Molecules, and Genetics in Tuberculosis Drug Development
Authors: Gutierrez‐Lugo Maria‐Teresa , Bewley Carole A.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Strategies and Methods in the Discovery of Natural Product Antiinfective Agents: The Mannopeptimycins
Authors: Koehn Frank E.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting Threefold Symmetry in Asymmetric Catalysis: The Case of Tris(oxazolinyl)ethanes (“Trisox”)
Authors: Gade Lutz H. , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stephane
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbodicarbenes: Divalent Carbon (0) Compounds
Authors: Kaufhold Oliver , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Brief History of CALPHAD
Authors: Spencer P. J.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Glycosylation Capacity of Insect Cells
Authors: Rendic Dubravko , Wilson Iain B. H. , Paschinger Katharina
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyanogenesis in Plants and Arthropods
Authors: Zagrobelny Mika , Bak Soeren , Moeller Birger Lindberg
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cordyceps — A Traditional Chinese Medicine and Another Fungal Therapeutic Biofactory?
Authors: Paterson R. Russell M.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Dipole Engineering: New Aspects of Molecular Dipoles in Molecular Architecture and Their Functions
Authors: Kimura Shunsaku
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Removing Phosphorus from Municipal Waste Water Before Its Discharge to Watercourse
Authors: Balmer Peter
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Automation in Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Antonenko Valery V.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microreactor Technology for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Jas Gerhard , Kunz Ulrich , Schmalz Dirk
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Network of Cartilage Homeostasis and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hashimoto Megumi , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Hikata Tomohiro , Asahara Hiroshi
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Studies on Reaction Control and Development of New Practical Reagents Based on Characteristics of Reaction Field
Authors: Kunishima Munetaka
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Tuning over Almost 1V in a Structurally Conserved Active Site: Lessons from Fe‐Containing Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Miller Anne‐Frances
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization and Identification of Bacteria Using SERS
Authors: Jarvis Roger M. , Goodacre Royston
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Granulieren von Stickstoffdüngern mit verschiedenen Füllstoffen
Authors: Sorich B.
Published: July 2008

Am Beispiel einer großtechnischen Anlage zur Herstellung von Ammoniumnitrathaltigen Düngemitteln wird erläutert, wie man durch verfahrenstechnische Modifizierungen aller wesentlichen Bestandteile eines Stickstoffwerks die Erzeugung von Mineraldüngern umweltfreundlicher und wirtschaftlicher gestalten kann. Insbesondere werden neue Erkenntnisse im Bereich der Aufbaugranulation von Kalkammonsalpeter anhand von Labor‐, Modell‐ und Betriebsversuchen mit verschiedenen mineralogischen Substanzen geschildert. Aufgrund dieser Versuche wurde ein Test zur Bestimmung der Granulierfähigkeit von Dolomit‐ bzw. anderen Mineralmehlen erarbeitet und patentiert. Die so berechnete Granulierfähigkeit ist in Form von Nomogrammen dargestellt. Nomogramme dieser Art – erstellt für andere polydisperse Feststoffsysteme – können beim Bau neuer Anlagen zur Herstellung von Mineraldüngern auf der Basis von Ammoniumnitrat genutzt werden.
Modelluntersuchungen zur Restentgasung von Kunststoffschmelzen mit gasförmigen Schleppmitteln in einem statischen Entgasungsapparat – 2. Teil: Durchführung und Ergebnisse der Schäumversuche
Authors: Piesche M. , Nonnenmacher S. , Schütz S.
Published: July 2008

Im ersten Teil der Veröffentlichung wurden mathematisch‐physikalische Modelle zur schleppmittelinduzierten Schaumentgasung bei unterschiedlichem Materialverhalten entwickelt und der Einfluss der Prozessparameter durch Berechnungsbeispiele erläutert. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden Ergebnisse zu Schäumversuchen vorgestellt, die zur Validierung der theoretischen Betrachtungen zum Wachstum eines mit gasförmigen Schleppmitteln dispergierten Polymerschaums dienen. Der Vergleich von Experiment und Rechnung erfolgt anhand des zeitlichen Verlaufs des Schaumvolumens, der ein integrales Maß für den Fortschritt der Entgasung ist. Die Schäumversuche werden diskontinuierlich durchgeführt. Unter definierten Anfangs‐ und Randbedingungen wird ein bekanntes Ausgangsvolumen des Versuchsfluids mit dispergierten Schleppmittelblasen und gelösten, flüchtigen Komponenten durch Druckabsenkung entspannt und das Schaumvolumen als Funktion der Zeit bestimmt. Zusätzlich erfolgt nach Ablauf des Schäumens die Bestimmung der Konzentration der zu entfernenden flüchtigen Komponente in der flüssigen Phase. Die Ergebnisse der Schäumversuche und die zum Vergleich durchgeführten Modellrechnungen zeigen eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung und bestätigen die Gültigkeit der im Rahmen der Modellierung getroffenen Annahmen und einschränkenden Voraussetzungen.
Löslichkeit von Schwefeldioxid in wässrigen Systemen bei höheren Elektrolytkonzentrationen – I. Chloridhaltige Systeme
Authors: Zimmermann K. , Pasel C. , Luckas M. , Herbell J.‐D.
Published: July 2008

Die Absorption von Schwefeldioxid in chloridhaltigen Elektrolytlösungen wurde bis zu Ionenstärken von 5 mol/L untersucht. Eine Analyse zur Beschreibung des thermodynamischen Gleichgewichts der Gas‐ und die Flüssigphase erfolgte spektroskopisch und wurde unter Verwendung des Aktivitätskoeffizientenmodells von Pitzer mit der K‐Wert‐Methode modelliert. Es wurden die Pitzer‐Parameter wichtiger Ionenpaare und, als eine wirkungsvolle Erweiterung, die Sechenov‐Konstante für molekular gelöstes Schwefeldioxid an die Messungen angepasst. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass die Anpassung der Sechenov‐Konstante zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Modellvorhersage führt. Nach Anpassung ist im gesamten Messbereich eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung von Modellierung und Messung zu finden.
Be‐ und Entladesysteme für thermische Schichtenspeicher: Teil 2 – Untersuchungen des Beladeverhaltens
Authors: Lohse R. , Göppert S. , Kunis C. , Urbaneck T. , Schirmer U. , Platzer B.
Published: July 2008

Die Strömungsvorgänge in thermischen Speichern sind noch weitgehend ungeklärt. Besonders bei Schichtenbeladeeinrichtungen gibt es große Unsicherheiten bei Funktionsweise und Auslegung. Anhand von experimentellen Strömungsuntersuchungen werden mit Hilfe des zentralprojizierenden Schattenverfahrens und der Strömungsmarkierung mittels Tinte wesentliche Strömungseffekte während des Beladevorgangs nachgewiesen. CFD‐Simulationen bestätigen die experimentellen Beobachtungen. Darüber hinaus werden mit der numerischen Simulation die Effekte quantifiziert und anhand von Parameterstudien erste Optimierungsansätze vorgestellt.
Rechnergestützte Analyse einer mehrstufigen Fallfilmverdampfungsanlage zur Herstellung von Reinstwasser
Authors: Kerschbaumer W. , Neuberger S. , Peuker U. , Brenner G.
Published: July 2008

In der Pharmaproduktion spielt die Qualität des als Ausgangs‐ und Hilfsstoff verwendeten Wassers eine zentrale Rolle, weshalb zur Herstellung von Reinstwasser in Europa Destillationsverfahren vorgeschrieben sind. Im Hinblick auf die steigenden Energiepreise existiert ein großer Bedarf an der Optimierung der energetischen Effizienz bestehender Verfahren. Numerische Simulationen ermöglichen, Massen‐ und Enthalpieströme in Abhängigkeit der Eingangsparameter vorweg zu bestimmen sowie die Sensitivität einzelner Prozessgrößen zu analysieren, vorausgesetzt die zugrunde liegenden Modelle beschreiben die physikalischen Vorgänge hinreichend genau.
Entwicklung eines Sanierungsverfahrens für LCKW durch Kombination elektrolytischer und mikrobiologischer Prozesse
Authors: Tiehm A. , Lohner S. T. , Augenstein T. , Becker D. , Weidlich C. , Mangold K.‐M. , Jüttner K.‐M.
Published: July 2008

Leichtflüchtige chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe (LCKW) sind die häufigsten Schadstoffe an Altlast‐Standorten. Ein biologischer Abbau von LCKW ist grundsätzlich möglich, unterliegt im Feld allerdings limitierenden Bedingungen durch einen Mangel an Auxiliarsubstraten und Elektronenakzeptoren. Ziel der Untersuchungen war die Entwicklung eines kombinierten biologischen und elektrochemischen Sanierungsverfahrens, bei dem die Wasserelektrolyse zur Stimulation des biologischen Abbaus genutzt wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der elektrolytisch produzierte Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff von den Mikroorganismen direkt für einen reduktiven bzw. oxidativen Schadstoffabbau genutzt werden kann. Die Auswahl des Elektrodenmaterials ist wesentlich für die erfolgreiche Anwendung des Bio‐Elektro‐Verfahrens, da mit Nebenreaktionen an den Elektroden wie z. B. Korrosion gerechnet werden muss. Die Effizienz der mikrobiologischen Dechlorierung kann durch Variation der angewandten Stromdichten gezielt gesteuert werden. Die erforderlichen geringen Stromdichten von 0,05 – 0,1 mA/cm2 ermöglichen niedrige Betriebskosten. Mit einer sequentiellen Elektrodenanordnung wurden in durchströmten Säulen mit feldnahen Schadstoffkonzentrationen Abbauleistungen von 100 % erreicht.
Heterogene Katalyse in überkritischen Medien – Teil 3: Sonstige
Authors: Kruse A. , Vogel H.
Published: July 2008

In Hinblick auf die technische Anwendung sind diejenigen Reaktionen in überkritischen Fluiden besonders interessant, die deutliche Vorteile gegenüber der üblichen Verfahrensweise aufweisen oder die in klassischen Lösungsmitteln und in der Gasphase so gar nicht möglich sind. Während in den ersten Teilen dieser Trilogie überkritisches Kohlendioxid und Wasser Thema waren, wird im letzten Teil auf die weniger untersuchten Reaktionsmedien wie überkritischer Ammoniak und Kohlenwasserstoffe eingegangen.
Methan – Chance für eine klimaverträgliche Energieversorgung
Authors: Kreysa G.
Published: July 2008

Trotz steigender Förderung sind die bekannten Vorräte fossiler Energierohstoffe in den letzten Jahrzehnten stetig gestiegen. Hinzu kommen höchstwahrscheinlich riesige Vorkommen von Methanhydrat. Für deren energetische Nutzung bedarf es vor dem Hintergrund des Klimawandels neuer Wege. Ausgehend von einer Bewertung verschiedener Optionen des Umgangs mit dem Kohlenstoff‐Kreislauf und thermodynamischen Überlegungen zur Methanchemie wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein neues Konzept zur energetischen Nutzung des Methans entwickelt. Nach thermischer Methanspaltung wird nur der Energiegehalt des Wasserstoffs genutzt und der Kohlenstoff in ehemaligen Kohlelagerstätten sicher und rückholbar gelagert. Die Argumente für die Realisierung eines solchen Kohlenstoff‐Moratoriums werden diskutiert.
Untersuchungen zur Anwendung der Kapillardruckmethode bei der Bestimmung maximaler Porengrößen in Filtermedien aus Metalldrahtgeweben
Authors: Schütz S. , Kopf P. , Winkler C. , Piesche M.
Published: July 2008

Die Kapillardruckmethode (Bubble Point Test) ist ein häufig angewandtes und schnelles Messverfahren, um maximale Porengrößen in Filtermedien zu ermitteln. Dabei wird der Kapillardruck gemessen, der sich beim Durchtritt einer Gasblase durch ein Filtermedium einstellt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Kapillardruckmessungen an Filtermedien aus Metalldrahtgeweben mit geometrisch definierten Porenstrukturen durchgeführt. Weiterhin wurden Rechenmodelle entwickelt, die die Blasenbildung an den Poren beschreiben. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, wie die ermittelten maximalen Porengrößen von der Dynamik der Blasenbildung abhängen und wie sich Messergebnisse bei nicht kreiszylindrischen Poren interpretieren und auf Äquivalent‐Porendurchmesser für zylindrische Poren übertragen lassen.
Raschig Super‐Pak – Eine neue Packungsstruktur mit innovativen Vorteilen im Vergleich
Authors: Schultes M.
Published: July 2008

Die Raschig Super‐Pak ist eine neue Packungsgeometrie, die durch eine innovative Struktur über drei wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber anderen Hochleistungspackungen verfügt: niedrigere Druckverluste, höhere Kapazitäten, bessere Trennleistungen. Die bei der SRP (Separation Research Program) der Austin University of Texas vermessenen Leistungsdaten werden präsentiert und im Vergleich zu anderen Hochleistungs‐ und Standardpackungen bewertet.
Stimulus Dependence of the Action of Small‐Molecule Inhibitors in the CD3/CD28 Signalling Network
Authors: Köhler Karsten , Ganser Alexander , André Thomas , Roth Günter , Grosse‐Hovest Ludger , Jung Gundram , Brock Roland
Published: July 2008

Cells in the body are exposed simultaneously to a multitude of various signals. Inside a cell, molecular signalling networks integrate this information into a physiologically meaningful response. Interestingly, in the cellular testing of drug candidates, this complexity is largely ignored. Compounds are tested for cells that are challenged with one stimulus only. The activation of T lymphocytes through engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR)–CD3 complex and CD28 coreceptor is a prominent example for a cellular response that depends on the integration of signals. We investigated the cellular response characteristics of this network at different strengths of receptor and coreceptor activation. A novel cellular microarray‐based approach, in which various combinations of antibodies directed against the CD3 complex and CD28 were spotted, was employed for analysing the stimulus dependence of activation of the transcription factor NFAT and actin reorganisation. For both responses, quantitative differences in inhibitor activity were observed. Remarkably, for IL‐2 expression, which was detected by standard ELISA, low doses of the Src‐family kinase inhibitor PP2 strongly potentiated IL‐2 expression at high‐level, but not at low‐level, CD28 co‐engagement. Therefore, for a physiologically highly relevant signalling network, the cellular response might vary qualitatively with only quantitative variations of a stimulus. This level of complexity should be considered in early cellular drug testing.
Global hybrid modeling and control of a buck converter: A novel concept
Authors: Hejri Mohammad , Mokhtari Hossein
Published: July 2008

Several attempts have been made to design suitable controllers for DC–DC converters. However, these designs suffer from model inaccuracy or their inability to desirably function in both continuous and discontinuous current modes. This paper presents a novel switching scheme based on hybrid modeling to control a buck converter using mixed logical dynamical (MLD) methodologies. The proposed method is capable of globally controlling the converter in both continuous and discontinuous current modes of operation by considering all constraints in the physical plant such as maximum inductor current and capacitor voltage limits. Different loads and input voltage disturbances are simulated in MATLAB and results are presented to demonstrate the suitability of the controller. The transient and steady‐state performance of the closed‐loop control over a wide range of operating points shows satisfactory operation of the proposed controller. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow cytometric detection of perforin upregulation in human CD8 T cells
Authors: Hersperger Adam R. , Makedonas George , Betts Michael R.
Published: July 2008

Perforin and granzymes work synergistically to induce apoptosis in target cells recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. While perforin is readily detectable by flow cytometry in resting CD8 T cells, upregulation of perforin in activated cells is thought to require proliferation. However, perforin undergoes numerous conformational changes during its maturation, which may affect the ability of conventional antibodies to recognize newly synthesized perforin. Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to detect perforin and cytokine production following stimulation of ex vivo human CD8 T cells. Two different anti‐perforin antibodies, clones B‐D48 and δG9, were used to discriminate various forms of perforin after cellular activation. We provide evidence for the rapid upregulation of perforin protein, which may contribute to the ability of CD8 T cells to kill multiple targets over time. The δG9 clone recognizes the granule‐associated conformation of perforin, while the B‐D48 clone is able to detect perforin in multiple forms. Finally, we show there is variability in the ability of CD8 T cells to upregulate perforin. Human CD8 T cells are capable of new perforin production immediately following activation. This work defines a novel flow cytometric procedure that can be used to more completely assess the cytotoxic capacity of human CD8 T cells. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Transcription of PRDM1, the master regulator for plasma cell differentiation, depends on an SP1/SP3/EGR‐1 GC‐box
Authors: Mora‐López Francisco , Pedreño‐Horrillo Nuria , Delgado‐Pérez Luis , Brieva José A. , Campos‐Caro Antonio
Published: July 2008

The positive regulatory domain containing 1, encoded by the PRDM1 gene, is a transcriptional repressor considered as a master regulator that is required and sufficient for plasma cell differentiation. In the present study we have performed sequence analysis of the upstream region of the human PRDM1 gene to detect the minimal promoter region necessary for PRDM1 gene transcription. This region comprises the region upstream of the initiation site, as well as the first exon. Collectively, deletion and mutation analysis in conjunction with luciferase reporter assays, EMSA and supershift assays identified a phylogenetically conserved GC‐box as an essential element for PRDM1 expression. This GC‐box element matches to a binding site for multiple transcription factors such as SP1 and SP3 isoforms as well as early growth response 1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the in vivo binding capability of these factors to the human PRDM1 promoter. These studies together characterize for the first time the basal activity of the human PRDM1 promoter, through which several factors, including SP1, SP3 and early growth response 1, modulate its expression through a conserved GC‐box.
Expression profiles of prion and doppel proteins and of their receptors in mouse splenocytes
Authors: Cordier‐Dirikoc Sevda , Zsürger Nicole , Cazareth Julie , Ménard Baptiste , Chabry Joëlle
Published: July 2008

Doppel (Dpl) shares common structural features with the prion protein (PrP) whose pathologic isoform is considered as the causative agent of prion diseases. Although their physiological functions in the immune system remain largely unknown, we demonstrated that substantial amounts of PrP and Dpl are expressed by spleen cells notably B lymphocytes, granulocytes and DC, but not T lymphocytes and NK. To characterize trans‐interacting partners of PrP and Dpl on mouse splenocytes, fluorescent PrP and Dpl tetramers were produced and used as tracers. Both tetramers specifically bind to B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages and granulocytes and in a lesser extend to T lymphocytes. No binding was observed on NK, follicular dendritic cells and mesenchymal spleen cells. The activation of intracellular transduction signals (i.e. intracellular calcium concentration and activation of the MAP kinase pathway) suggested that PrP and Dpl tetramers bind to functional receptors on B cells. None of the previously described PrP partners account for the binding sites characterized here. Our study suggests a possible role for PrP and Dpl in the cell‐cell interactions in the immune system.
Activating and inhibitory Fcγ receptors can differentially modulate T cell‐mediated autoimmunity
Authors: Iruretagoyena Mirentxu I. , Riedel Claudia A. , Leiva Eduardo D. , Gutiérrez Miguel A. , Jacobelli Sergio H. , Kalergis Alexis M.
Published: July 2008

The molecular bases responsible for the loss of T cell tolerance to myelin antigens leading to the onset of multiple sclerosis remain obscure. It has been shown that balanced signaling through activating and inhibitory receptors is critical for the maintenance of tolerance to self antigens in autoimmune disorders. However, although FcγR have been shown to influence experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development, their role during pathogenesis remains controversial. Here we have evaluated whether relative expression of activating (FcγRIII) and inhibitory (FcγRIIb) FcγR can modulate myelin‐specific T cell response, as well as the susceptibility to develop EAE in mice. While FcγRIIb–/– mice showed a significant increase in EAE severity, an FcγRIII deficiency protected mice from disease. In addition, FcγRIIb–/– mice showed enhanced activation of myelin‐specific effector T cells, which were significantly more effective at causing EAE in adoptive transfer experiments than were T cells from wild‐type mice. In contrast, FcγRIII–/– mice showed a significantly reduced activation of myelin‐specific T cells and these cells failed to adoptively transfer EAE. Consistently, increased expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg) during EAE was observed only for FcγRIII–/– mice, which were able to suppress disease when adoptively transferred to recipient mice. These findings suggest that the balance between activating and inhibitory FcγR signaling can contribute to the maintenance of T cell tolerance to myelin antigens and modulate EAE progression.
CD40L‐expressing CD8 T cells prime CD8α+ DC for IL‐12p70 production
Authors: Wong Kok Loon , Lew Fei Chuin , MacAry Paul A. , Kemeny David M.
Published: July 2008

CD8α+ DC are implicated as the principle DC subset for cross‐presentation and cross‐priming of cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses. In this study, we demonstrate another unique facet of the CD8α+ DC and CD8 T cell relationship, by showing that CD8 T cells reciprocally activate CD8α+ DC, but not CD8α– DC, for IL‐12p70 production, the key Th1‐promoting cytokine. This effect was observed during an antigen‐specific interaction between DC and activated CD8 T cells, along with secondary TLR stimulation of DC by LPS. Activated CD8 T cells use a combination of IFN‐γ and CD40L, which is rapidly up‐regulated post‐stimulation, to prime DC for IL‐12p70 production during an antigen‐specific response. Our results suggest that the interaction between CD8α+ DC and antigen‐primed CD8 T cells may form an important component of Th1‐mediated immunity through the induction of IL‐12p70.
IκBα is required for marginal zone B cell lineage development
Authors: Ellinghaus Ursula , Rupec Rudolf A. , Pabst Oliver , Ignatius Ralf , Förster Reinhold , Dörken Bernd , Jundt Franziska
Published: July 2008

Inactivation of members of the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) family results in the decrease or defect of marginal zone B (MZB) cells. It is not known which inhibitors of the NF‐κB family (IκB) are required for MZB cell development. Here, we show that mice with B cell‐specific inactivation of the main NF‐κB inhibitor IκBα have a marked decrease of MZB cells and their presumed precursors. They exhibited increased mortality rates after blood‐borne bacterial infection, indicating the importance of MZB cells for bacterial clearance. In contrast, response to T cell‐dependent and ‐independent antigens resulted only in minor changes in immunoglobulin production. Our data demonstrate the importance of the intact NF‐κB/IκBα pathway for proper MZB cell development.
Base‐Induced Formation of Two Magnesium Metal‐Organic Framework Compounds with a Bifunctional Tetratopic Ligand
Authors: Dietzel Pascal D. C. , Blom Richard , Fjellvåg Helmer
Published: July 2008

Two coordination polymers constructed from magnesium and the tetratopic organic linker 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid are reported, denominated CPO‐26‐Mg and CPO‐27‐Mg. The organic component carries two different types of protic functional groups. The degree of deprotonation of the organic component can be regulated by the amount of sodium hydroxide employed in the synthesis, thus determining which of the compounds forms. In CPO‐26‐Mg, only the carboxylic acid groups of the linker are deprotonated and take part in the construction of the three‐dimensional framework. The structure is non‐porous, and its topology is based on the PtS net. In CPO‐27‐Mg, both the carboxylic acid and the hydroxy groups are deprotonated and involved in the construction of a microporous three‐dimensional framework which is based on a honeycomb motif containing large solvent‐filled channels. The metal atoms are arranged in chiral chains along the intersection of the honeycomb and contain one water molecule in their coordination sphere, which allows for the creation of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites upon dehydration. CPO‐27‐Mg is a potentially useful lightweight adsorbent with a pore volume of 60 % of the total volume of the structure and an apparent Langmuir surface area of up to 1030 m2 g–1. Its thermal stability was investigated by thermogravimetry and variable‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction, which shows framework degradation to commence at 160 °C in air, at 235 °C under nitrogen, and at 430 °C in a dynamic vacuum. Thermogravimetric dehydration and re‐hydration experiments at miscellaneous temperatures indicate that it is possible to obtain open metal sites in CPO‐27‐Mg, but the water is more tightly bound in this material than in the previously reported isostructural nickel compound.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)