bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No-Arbitrage and Hedging with Liquid American Options
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Zhou Zhou
Published: August 2018

Since most of the traded options on individual stocks are of American type, it is of interest to generalize the results obtained in semistatic trading to the case when one is allowed to statically trade American options. However, this problem has proved to be elusive so far because of the asymmetric nature of the positions of holding versus shorting such options. Here, we provide a unified framework and generalize the fundamental theorem of asset pricing (FTAP) and hedging dualities in Bayraktar and Zhou [Bayraktar E, Zhou Z (2016) Arbitrage, hedging and utility maximization using semi-static trading strategies with American options. Ann. Appl. Probab. 26(6):3531–3558.] to the case where the investor can also short American options. Following Bayraktar and Zhou [Bayraktar E, Zhou Z (2016) Arbitrage, hedging, and utility maximization using semistatic trading strategies with American options. Ann. Appl. Probab. 26(6):3531–3558.], we assume that the longed American options are divisible. As for the shorted American options, we show that divisibility plays no role regarding arbitrage property and hedging prices. Then, using the method of enlarging probability spaces proposed in Deng and Tan [Deng S, Tan X (2016) Duality in nondominated discrete-time models for Americain options. ArXiv e-prints.], we convert the shorted American options to European options and establish the FTAP and subhedging and superhedging dualities in the enlarged space both with and without model uncertainty.
Rare health conditions 15: long QT syndrome, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Zellweger syndrome and Van der Woude syndrome
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this series is to briefly highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually fewer than 1 person in every 2000 and many HCAs and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of these conditions. This fifteenth article will briefly explore four of these conditions.
Constructing an assistant practitioner role in a children's community team
Authors: Kessler Ian , Nolan Rachel
Published: August 2018

This article examines the development of an assistant practitioner (AP) role in a children's community team. Drawing on interviews, the article outlines the rationale for the role, its implementation and consequences. Attention is drawn to the bespoke nature of the role in meeting team needs associated with supporting the specialist epilepsy nurse and helping with the delivery of gastrostomy care. The background of the AP post-holder is presented as crucial in legitimising a role, seen to evolve once established. The role is fragile, not easily re-constructed when the incumbent leaves. Given that various stakeholders, including co-workers, parents and children with life-limiting and -shortening conditions, are seen to benefit, taking steps to preserve such a role becomes crucial.
Direct Comparison of Cardiac Troponin T and I Using a Uniform and a Sex-Specific Approach in the Detection of Functionally Relevant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mueller Deborah , Puelacher Christian , Honegger Ursina , Walter Joan E , Badertscher Patrick , Schaerli Nicolas , Strebel Ivo , Twerenbold Raphael , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , Hollenstein Christina , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Jeger Raban , Kaiser Christoph , Wild Damian , Rentsch Katharina , Buser Andreas , Zellweger Michael , Reichlin Tobias , Mueller Christian
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

We aimed to directly compare high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in the detection of functionally relevant coronary artery disease (fCAD).

METHODS

Consecutive patients referred with clinical suspicion of fCAD and no structural heart disease other than coronary artery disease were included. The presence of fCAD was based on rest/stress myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography and coronary angiography. hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT concentrations were measured in a blinded fashion. Diagnostic accuracy was quantified using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and evaluated both for uniform use in all patients and for sex-specific use in women and men separately. The prognostic end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction) within 2 years. For the prognostic performance, we used a multivariable model comparison with the Akaike information criterion (AIC).

RESULTS

fCAD was detected in 613 of 2062 patients (29.7%) overall, 112 of 664 of women (16.9%), and 501 of 1398 of men (35.8%). hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT had comparable diagnostic accuracy when assessed for uniform use in all patients (AUC, 0.68 vs 0.66; P = 0.107) and separately in women (AUC, 0.68 vs 0.63; P = 0.068) and men (AUC, 0.65 vs 0.64; P = 0.475). However, women required lower rule-out cutoffs to achieve high sensitivity, and men needed higher rule-in cutoffs to achieve high specificity. hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT were strongly and independently associated with MACE within 2 years (P < 0.001), with comparable prognostic accuracies by the AIC.

CONCLUSIONS

hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT provide moderate and comparable diagnostic accuracy. Sex-specific cutoffs may be preferred. The prognostic utility of both troponins is comparable.
Reducing textile waste in the apparel industry: Examining EPR as an option
Authors: Burton Kelly
Published: August 2018

Incredible amounts of raw materials and environmental inputs are being used in an industry that has grown 60 per cent in the past fifteen years. The global clothing and apparel industry has streamlined supply chains and is working on sustainable initiatives to limit resource scarcity, but what is missing in the system is resource recovery for post-consumer textile waste. Although almost all textiles are reusable or recyclable, the vast majority (85 per cent) end up in landfills. By not being circular, the fashion industry is losing half a trillion dollars in underutilization and resource value annually. With consumers in large developing countries like Brazil, China, India, Mexico and Russia adopting current consumption rates, the system and its waste are expected to increase. The apparel industry needs to become circular and to adopt policies to reduce textile waste.
Occupational Stress as a Correlate of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Psychological Capital Among Graduate Employees in Nigeria
Authors: Aderibigbe John K. , Mjoli Themba Q.
Published: August 2018

It is a documented fact that occupational stress is widespread worldwide. Moreover, there are clear signs of many variables, related to occupational stress. The study therefore, was conducted to demonstrate whether the presence of occupational stress in the world of work correlates in any form (positive or negative) with a better level of organisational performance and employee psychological wellbeing.

The study adopted the positivist explanatory cross-sectional (survey) research design to systematically sample opinions of 1,532 male and female graduate employees across the various sectors of the Nigerian economy, using a structured and validated questionnaire, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

The results showed that there was a weak positive relationship between occupational stress and organisational citizenship behaviour (r = 0.070, p<0.01); there was a significant positive relationship between occupational stress and psychological capital (r = 0.128, p<0.01); and there was a significant positive relationship between psychological capital and organisational citizenship behaviour (r = 0.588, p<0.01).

The study recommended that human resource managers should develop psychological capital in employees in order to increase their levels of organisational performance and reduce the negative impact of occupational stress.
Localization of Sound Sources during Full Scale Fatigue Test of the Vertical Stabilizer with the Acoustic Holography Technique
Authors: Leski Andrzej
Published: August 2018

An acoustic holography and its practical applications in engineering began to develop at the end of the 20th century. Currently, this technique is being commonly used to locate sound sources. This paper presents the use of an acoustic camera to locate sound sources during the Full Scale Fatigue Test of the MiG-29 stabilizer. During fatigue tests, the tested structure issues a series of sounds in the form of glitches, creaks or beats. These sounds are typical for a structure subjected to dynamic loading, but they can also be a source of diagnostic information about places of fatigue failures. The paper presents the results of measurements made during the fatigue test. Thanks to the analysis of the measurement results, it was possible to identify areas that are the basic source of sounds.
Assessing predictability effects in connected read speech
Authors: Clopper Cynthia G. , Turnbull Rory , Burdin Rachel Steindel
Published: August 2018

A wide range of reduction phenomena have been described in the literature as predictability effects, in which more predictable units (i.e. words, syllables, vowels) are reduced in duration or other acoustic dimensions relative to less predictable units. The goal of the current study was to critically evaluate these predictability effects on vowel duration in read speech to explore the extent to which they reflect a single underlying phenomenon. The results revealed shorter vowel duration for words with high phonotactic probability, for high-frequency words (in clear speech only), and for words in plain lab speech relative to clear speech. However, the results also revealed qualitatively different effects of three measures of contextual probability (cloze probability, written trigram probability, and spoken trigram probability). Greater spoken trigram probability predicted longer vowel duration, contrary to expectations, and this effect was limited to high-frequency words in first mentions and in plain speech. Cloze probability and written trigram probability exhibited even more complex interactions with other predictability measures. These results provide evidence for fundamental differences in these measures of predictability, suggesting that a more nuanced perspective on predictability effects and the mechanisms underlying them is necessary to account for the complexity of the empirical data.
Loci and locality of informational effects on phonetic implementation
Authors: Daland Robert , Zuraw Kie
Published: August 2018

Recent evidence suggests that the phonetic realization of linguistic units is sensitive to informational context. For example, the duration of a word is shorter when it is probable given the following word. Word-specific phonetic variation is unexpected according to modular/feedforward models. We consider various challenges to identifying the loci of informational effects on phonetic implementation – do they arise in production, perception, memory, or some combination? Section 2 addresses a theoretical issue: what are the right measure(s) of predictability/informativity? An urgent direction for future work is to understand what kinds of context matter and why. Section 3 reviews second-mention reduction and other non-local discourse effects, which strongly suggest a production locus (rather than arising in speech perception or memory). Important future directions include modeling discourse/topic in corpus studies, and experimentally assessing the role of nonlocal context in perception and memory. Section 4 addresses the role of computational modeling. We call for integrated, implemented end-to-end models which include speech perception, lexical representation, and speech production components.
Predictability and phonology: past, present and future
Authors: Shaw Jason , Kawahara Shigeto
Published: August 2018

Many papers in this special issue grew out of the talks given at the Symposium “The role of predictability in shaping human language sound patterns,” held at Western Sydney University (Dec. 10–11, 2016). Some papers were submitted in response to an open call; others were invited contributions. This introduction aims to contextualize the papers in the special issue within a broader theoretical context, focusing on what it means for phonological theory to incorporate gradient predictability, what questions arise as a consequence, and how the papers in this issue address these questions.
High Pressure Raman Study of Layered Semiconductor Tlgase2
Authors: Jabarov S.H. , Aliyeva V.B. , Mammadov T.G. , Mammadov A.I. , Kichanov S.E. , Dubrovinsky L.S. , Babayev S.S. , Pashayeva E.G. , Dang N.T.
Published: August 2018

Raman spectroscopy measurements of a monoclinic layered semiconductor TlGaSe2were performed in a pressure range up to 10.24 GPa. The pressure-induced first-order phase transition accompanied by reconstruction of the layer structure was observed at the pressure P ~ 0.9 GPa. The mode-Grüneisen parameters of intralayer bonds were calculated for TlGaSe2. The contribution of thermal expansion to temperature changes of phonon frequencies was defined. The type of intralayer bonds and their pressure transformation were analyzed in layered TlGaSe2. It was shown that the nature of intramolecular forces in molecular crystals and intralayer forces in layered GaS, GaSe and TlGaSe2is similar
Output Gap Uncertainty and the Optimal Fiscal Policy in the EU
Authors: Kuusi Tero
Published: August 2018

Using a novel dataset, I quantify the magnitude of the EU-27 countries’ output gap revisions in 2002–2014, and study the implications of this uncertainty for the optimal fiscal policy with a DSGE model. I find that taking into account the output gap uncertainty (i.e. the difficulty to distinguish between cyclical and trend shocks in real time) has large implications for both the net lending and fiscal policy. In the median EU country, the primary net lending turns mildly countercyclical; a feature that is consistent with the data, but contrasts with the procyclical net lending under the full output gap information. The optimal fiscal policy, as measured by the changes in the cyclically-adjusted budget balance (CAB), is cautious and turns from strongly to weakly countercyclical because of the uncertainty. During fiscal crises, the CAB is allowed to deteriorate less and the adjustment of the CAB is gradual, while underestimation of the uncertainty may lead to more volatile policy. The uncertainty generates a substantial amount of cross-country heterogeneity in the dynamics of the total net lending, but not so much in the CAB-based fiscal policy.
Intravascular Ultrasound–Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Updated Review
Authors: Mahtta Dhruv , Mahmoud Ahmed N. , Mojadidi Mohammad K. , Elgendy Islam Y.
Published: August 2018

Common practice dictates the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention under conventional angiographic guidance. With studies suggesting the high incidence of intraobserver variability, especially in angiographic borderline lesions, new modalities such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance during percutaneous coronary intervention have surfaced. Multiple studies have shown improved outcomes with IVUS guidance, mainly driven by a decrease in ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization. In the past two decades, a multitude of studies have investigated the uses and clinical outcomes associated with this technology. In this review, we highlight the utility, advantages, economic implications, and clinical outcomes of IVUS guidance over standard angiographic guidance, with emphasis on data as they pertain to IVUS-guided stent implantation.
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF the first and second generations OF FAST-GROWING STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage,1878) USING MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS
Authors: Marnis Huria , Tahapari Evi , Darmawan Jadmiko
Published: August 2018

Genetic diversity is an important aspect of a selective breeding program to produce fish broodstock carrying superior traits such as fast-growing, disease resistant, and other traits. We have carried out a breeding program to produce a fast-growing striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) since 2010. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation of the first (G-1) and second (G-2) generations of fast-growing striped catfish using microsatellite analysis. The G-1 and G-2 populations were selected individually from populations. DNA samples were collected from 40 ind. fish of each population and analyzed using five microsatellite loci (Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, Pg13, and Pg14). The results showed that the number of alleles per loci in the G-1 and G2 populations ranged from 4 to 7 alleles, with an average of five for each generation. The average of observed heterozygosity of the G-1 population (0.420) was lower than the G-2 population (0.495). Inbreeding level showed that the G-1 population was more inbred than the G-2 population. The study also found that both striped catfish populations had relatively low genetic variation. This result suggests that monitoring of genetic variation and better scheme of good spawning were needed on the next selection program to produce the intended fast-growing striped catfish.
Solidification of Nansha soft clay using cement-based composite curing agents
Authors: Gong Xing , Niu Jiuge , Liang Shihua , Feng Deluan , Luo Qingzi
Published: August 2018

Solidifying Nansha soft clay using environmentally friendly curing agents can reduce the disturbance to and destruction of the ecological environment. Cement is a key factor for curing Nansha clay and an effective mass fraction of 20% is used in a single application. This study explored environmentally friendly curing agents that can be used to improve the strength of Nansha soft clay on site. Mixing 15% cement with lime, gypsum or bentonite decreased the apparent pore content and average pore diameter of the soil and increased the values of the mechanical properties. Mass fractions of lime, gypsum and bentonite of 3%, 1·5% and 3%, respectively, were found to be effective in engineering applications. Gypsum had a greater impact on shear strength than lime and bentonite, whereas lime affected the compressive strength to a greater extent. The mechanical strength and curing efficiency of soil treated with 18% cement, 3·0% lime, 4·0% gypsum, 2·0% bentonite and 1·0% caustic soda were twice those of soil cured with 25% cement, while the apparent pore content and average pore diameter were 70% lower. Another multi-component curing agent (18% cement, 3·0% lime, 4% gypsum, 3% bentonite and 0·8% caustic soda) was found to produce the highest strength and curing efficiency and thus can be considered the optimal cement-based composite curing agent for the solidification of Nansha soft clay.
Pozzolanic performance resemblance of milled sugarcane biomass ash using different pozzolanicity test methods
Authors: Katare Vasudha D. , Madurwar Mangesh V.
Published: August 2018

The improved pozzolanic efficiency of sugarcane biomass ash (SCBA) after selective milling is presented. The samples were prepared by milling the as-received SCBA in a vibrating cup mill for four different durations ranging between 30 s and 15 min. The SCBA was first analysed using physical (particle size distribution, specific gravity, bulk density, soundness, setting time and lime reactivity), chemical (X-ray fluorescence), mineralogical (X-ray diffraction) and morphological characterisation (scanning electron microscopy). In addition, the thermal stability of the as-received SCBA was checked to investigate its effect on the mineralogical phases. The samples were then tested for pozzolanicity using the strength activity index, drop in electrical conductivity, Chapelle activity and the amount of reactive silica. The relation between milling durations and the pozzolanicity was established using the analysis of variance technique. The linear model was found to be more significant and reliable as per the statistical regression analysis.
Assessment of a high-level spent nuclear fuel disposal model
Authors: Rodriguez-Dono Alfonso , Olivella Sebastia , Mokni Nadia
Published: August 2018

This paper assesses a model for the full-scale engineered barrier experiment (Febex) in situ test, simulating the disposal of heat-emitting, high-level spent nuclear fuel. The model has been developed using Code_Bright and is based on previous modelling efforts. The model focuses on the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of a bentonite barrier surrounding a heater that simulates the heat production of radioactive spent fuel. The new model incorporates the new dismantling operations and has been compared with new in situ measurements. Once calibrated, the long-term response of the model has been analysed. Furthermore, the implementation of additional processes and their impact on hydration and stress development have been assessed. In this assessment, it has been found that the bentonite barrier does not fully saturate near the canister in any case, which is an important goal for the isolation of the spent nuclear fuel. The intrinsic permeability has been found to give results closer to measurements when its value is doubled. The double-structured model has given interesting results, but the authors found that it does not have a great influence in the general behaviour of the model.
Mechanism of Fibrosis in HNF1B-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease
Authors: Chan Siu Chiu , Zhang Ying , Shao Annie , Avdulov Svetlana , Herrera Jeremy , Aboudehen Karam , Pontoglio Marco , Igarashi Peter
Published: August 2018

Background

Mutation ofHNF1B, the gene encoding transcription factor HNF-1β, is one cause of autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease, a syndrome characterized by tubular cysts, renal fibrosis, and progressive decline in renal function. HNF-1βhas also been implicated in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways, and sustained EMT is associated with tissue fibrosis. The mechanism whereby mutatedHNF1Bleads to tubulointerstitial fibrosis is not known.

Methods

To explore the mechanism of fibrosis, we created HNF-1β–deficient mIMCD3 renal epithelial cells, used RNA-sequencing analysis to reveal differentially expressed genes in wild-type and HNF-1β–deficient mIMCD3 cells, and performed cell lineage analysis in HNF-1βmutant mice.

Results

The HNF-1β–deficient cells exhibited properties characteristic of mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, including spindle-shaped morphology, loss of contact inhibition, and increased cell migration. These cells also showed upregulation of fibrosis and EMT pathways, including upregulation of Twist2, Snail1, Snail2, and Zeb2, which are key EMT transcription factors. Mechanistically, HNF-1βdirectly repressesTwist2, and ablation ofTwist2partially rescued the fibroblastic phenotype of HNF-1βmutant cells. Kidneys from HNF-1βmutant mice showed increased expression of Twist2 and its downstream targetSnai2. Cell lineage analysis indicated that HNF-1βmutant epithelial cells do not transdifferentiate into kidney myofibroblasts. Rather, HNF-1βmutant epithelial cells secrete high levels of TGF-βligands that activate downstream Smad transcription factors in renal interstitial cells.

Conclusions

Ablation of HNF-1βin renal epithelial cells leads to the activation of a Twist2-dependent transcriptional network that induces EMT and aberrant TGF-βsignaling, resulting in renal fibrosis through a cell-nonautonomous mechanism.
Corrupção e valor de mercado: os efeitos da Operação Lava Jato sobre o mercado de ações no Brasil
Authors: De Araújo Eduardo Carvalho Correa , Rodrigues Victor Rangel dos Santos , Monte-mor Danilo Soares , Correia Rogério Dias
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar quais são os efeitos causados pela divulgação de eventos de corrupção sobre o valor de mercado das empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores brasileira. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia de estudos de eventos, a fim de avaliar a influência da divulgação das fases de uma das maiores operações anticorrupção brasileira (Operação Lava Jato) sobre o retorno anormal acumulado das ações, tanto de companhias citadas nas investigações (envolvimento direto) quanto de companhias listadas nos setores das companhias citadas. Os resultados indicam que a Lava Jato reduziu o valor de mercado das empresas diretamente envolvidas com os escândalos de corrupção acima de variações que ocorreram no mercado. Já, para as demais empresas dos setores envolvidos, evidenciou-se um efeito positivo sobre o retorno anormal acumulado. Tais resultados sugerem que a deflagração de operações anticorrupção como a Lava Jato tem potencial para reduzir diferenças de precificação existentes entre empresas que participam diretamente de contratos fraudulentos e demais empresas do mesmo setor. Tal ajuste de precificação pode estar associado à correção feita pelo mercado mediante os prejuízos trazidos pela concorrência desleal à competitividade.
Knowledge, attitudes and breast-feeding practices of postnatal mothers in Central India
Authors: Upadhye Jayant V. , Mandlik Milind R. , Upadhye Aditi J. , Marathe Sanjay M. , Matte Abhay R. , Upadhye Jayshree J.
Published: August 2018

Background: Breast feeding is vital for the health of baby & mother. It is of advantage to baby, mother, family, society and nation. Present study was carried out to evaluate knowledge, attitude and breast feeding practices of postnatal women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at immunization centre. 208 postnatal women were interviewed.Results: Out of 208 postnatal women, 148 women (71.15%) had delivery by caesarean section while 60 women (28.84%) had vaginal delivery. 118 women (56.73%) started breast feeding the baby within 2 hours of delivery, 52 women (25%) started breast feeding the baby after 24 hours of delivery, 26 women (12.5%) started breast feeding the baby after 2-6 hours of delivery while 12 women (5.76%) started breast feeding the baby after 6-24 hours of delivery. 174 women (83.65%) were giving exclusive breast feeding to their babies, 32 women (15.38%) were giving mixed feeding to their babies due to failure to thrive because of inadequate breast secretions. 28 (13.46%) preferred to give formula feeds while 7 (3.36%) preferred to give cow’s milk when needed. 180 (86.53%) intend or started weaning after 6 months while 28 women (13.46%) started weaning to their babies due to failure of baby to thrive or inadequate lactation.Conclusions: Awareness of breast feeding was good. Majority preferred exclusive breast feeding. Still, antenatal counseling about breast feeding can be further of advantage.
Knowledge regarding law and ethics among nurses at a tertiary care hospital in rural India
Authors: M. R. Thirunavukarasu , A. Velmurugan
Published: August 2018

Background: Excellence in clinical skills along with a sound knowledge of standard practices related to bioethics and its application in the clinical settings is essential for healthcare providers. Nurses play a pivotal role in the healthcare team, being involved in various aspects like clinical care, research and medical education. It is essential for nurses to be aware of the ethical practices for effective patient care.Methods: It was a hospital-based descriptive study. A pre-tested questionnaire covering socio-demographic information and questions regarding law and ethics was used to collect the information. Nurses with more than one year experience and those who offered voluntary informed consent were included in the study. The study covered 50 staff nurses from both gender.Results: The study showed that majority of the participants (78%) had inadequate knowledge, nearly 7% of them are having moderate knowledge and only 4% are having adequate knowledge regarding law and ethics in Nursing.Conclusions: The study shows the need for increase in awareness regarding ethical issues associated with clinical practice and research among nurses. The study results were used to prepare a booklet on ethics and law for nurses and given to all the participants. Similar studies can be conducted among other members of the health care team (doctors, interns, researchers and trainee nurses) to generalize the results. Group discussions and workshops can be conducted for nurses and other members to promote the need for ethical practices.
Application of ultrasonic treatment and synthesized collagen hydrolyzate in the surgical treatment of experimental osteomyelitis
Authors: Malkina Natalya Alexandrovna , Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: August 2018

Chronic osteomyelitis is one of their complex health problems, since it accounts for up to 6% of cases in the structure of the pathology of the musculoskeletal system, relapses of the disease occur in 30%, and disability is 90% of cases.The aim of the study was to improve the results of treatment of experimental chronic osteomyelitis by applying ultrasound sanation and synthesized collagen hydrolyzate.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 210 white rats, which were divided into 5 groups: 2 control rats and 3 experimental ones. In the 1st control group, no treatment was performed. In the 2nd control and experimental groups, the hearth was surgically sanitized. In the 1 st experimental group, the focus was performed by ultrasonic treatment. In the 2nd experimental group, the bone cavity was filled with a synthesized hydrolyzate of collagen. In the third experimental group, the combined use of ultrasound sanitation of the focus and filling it with synthesized collagen hydrolyzate was carried out. To assess the dynamics of treatment, the analysis of the general condition of animals, hematological and morphometric studies was performed.Results and their discussions.The dynamics of the general state of animals, the antioxidant defense system, the mineral metabolism, and the evaluation of the histoarchitectonics of bone tissue have been studied. It was noted that against the backdrop of the inflammatory process in chronic osteomyelitis, all the studied indicators indicate a reduced regenerative capacity. Using the developed treatment methods based on ultrasound sanitation, synthesized collagen hydrolyzate, as well as their combination, accelerated relief of inflammatory phenomena, normalization of AOS, mineral metabolism, and regenerative abilities of bone tissue were observed.Conclusions. The developed complex method of treatment based on combined application of ultrasound sanation and synthesized collagen hydrolyzate allowed to shorten the healing period of the wound defect, normalize the general condition of animals, free radical oxidation and mineral metabolism parameters, and accelerate the regenerative capabilities of bone tissue.
LISTER Joseph (1827-1912). To the 190th of the birthday
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: August 2018

Joseph Lister – the largest English surgeon and scientist, the founder of antiseptics, President of the Royal society of surgeons, a member of the house of lords. Joseph Lister was born on 5 apr 1827 in England. In 1844 he graduated from high school, and in 1852, the medical faculty of the University of London and was appointed resident assistant College University hospital. The first scientific work of Lister was published in 1852 and was dedicated to the structure of the iris of the eye and its muscles. Soon Lister began working in the clinic of Professor George. Syme in Edinburgh and published lectures, devoted primarily to ophthalmology. In 1855 he became a member of the Royal College of surgeons and is a Professor in the George. Saimaa. In 1858 Lister became a surgeon of the Royal hospital in Edinburgh and at the same time began to read a course of surgery at the University. On 9 March 1860 he was appointed Professor of surgery in Glasgow. In 1867 in the journal "Lancet" published articles Lister, in which he argued the idea that wound infection is called a living beginning, introduced from the outside; was presented to combat surgical infection, comprising treating hand surgeon, surgical field and instruments, disinfection of the air by atomization of a solution of carbolic acid. In 1869 Lister was transferred to the surgical clinic in Edinburgh, and in 1877 he was given the chair of clinical surgery at king's College London. In 1884 Joseph Lister was given the title of baronet, from 1895 to 1900 he was President of the Royal society of surgeons; in 1897 appointed a member of the house of lords. In 1892 he was 65 years old and, according to the law, he had to leave the Department at the Royal College. Joseph Lister was made an honorary member of numerous universities and scientific societies, was awarded the Royal medal (1880), medal of Comenius (1877), albert (1894), Copley (1902); the order of merit (1902). Died Joseph Lister, on 10 February 1912 in Walmer. In honor of Joseph Lister has been named a genus of bacteria Listeria (Listeria), he is on the English postage stamp, issued in 1966.
Peculiarities of Diagnostics of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Acute Infectious Diseases
Authors: Zemlyanoy Vyacheslav Petrovich , Nakhumov Mikhail Mikhajlovich , Tretyakov Dmitriy Valerievich
Published: August 2018

Relevance. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with infectious diseases is difficult and has a number of features.
Aim. To analyze the peculiarities of diagnostic gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute infectious diseases to improve diagnostic results.
Materials and methods. The data were used in medical records of 58 patients with confirmed infection, 48 patients with unconfirmed infectious disease brought in infectious hospitals in St. Petersburg from 2002 to 2014 years who have diagnosed gastrointestinal bleeding. Depending on the level of gastrointestinal bleeding (upper or lower gastrointestinal tract divisions), complaints are analyzed, objective clinical data, information of various symptoms, sensitive instrumental and laboratory studies. The results of the study compared with the control group – 49 patients with confirmed gastrointestinal bleeding without infection, surgical wards had been treated in city hospitals.
Conclusions. Due to represented data the following concluded the limited effectiveness of clinical and laboratory methods for diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with infectious diseases and the need for greater use of objective such as rectal digital research and sensing stomach sensitivity comparable with endoscopic techniques.
Efficacy of Endoscopic Intervention in the Prevention of Portal Genesis Bleedings
Authors: Nazyrov Feruz Gafurovich , Devyatov Andrey Vasilevich , Babadjanov Azam Khasanovich , Djumaniyazov Djavokhir Azatbaevich , Baybekov Renat Ravilevich
Published: August 2018

Objective. To analyze the survival of patients with liver cirrhosis and to assess the effectiveness of endoscopic interventions in the prevention of portal genesis bleedings.

Materials and methods. To assess the effectiveness of endoscopic interventions, our study included 449 liver cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension who was admitted with bleeding from varicose veins or the threat of its recurrence for the period from 1996 to 2015. All patients were divided into 2 groups of the study. The main group included 239 patients treated between 2010 and 2015 and the control group consisted of 210 patients in the period from 1996 to 2010.

Results. The analysis showed that the percentage of patients without recurrence of bleeding from varicose veins was 27% (33 patients) in the control group and 54.2% (64) in the main group when performing only endoscopic interventions. With the phased tactics of portosystemic shunt performance after endoscopic interventions this figure amounted to 32.4% (45) and 109 (61.6%). In the structure of mortality of patients without cirrhosis in the long-term period (81 patients) with endoscopic interventions recurrence of bleeding were observed in 40.7% (33) cases in the control group and 68.1% (64 of 94) in the main group. In turn, when combined endoscopy and portosystemic shunting in the structure of the patients, without counting deaths from progressive liver cirrhosis, the proportion of absence of recurrence was 45.9% (in 45 of 98 patients) and 71.2% (in 102 out of 153 tracked in the remote period excluding deaths from cirrhosis). In the group of patients that do not carry out any endoscopic intervention and the patients received only conservative therapy only in 3 (10.7%) cases it was possible to avoid recurrence of bleeding, which determines the therapeutic ineffectiveness isolated attempts to reduce the risk of recurrence of hemorrhagic syndrome.

Conclusion. Modern possibilities of endoscopic technologies have significantly improved the results of treatment and prevention of varicose bleeding or the threat of its recurrence, and the commitment to the phased tactics, with a combination of minimally invasive and traditional decompressive surgery, allowed to increase the survival rates of patients with 80% to 88% - up to 1 year and from 42% to 64% - to 3 years of follow-up.
Bilateral Pheochromocytoma and Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zemlyanoy Vyacheslav Petrovich , Lisitsyn Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Nakhumov Mikhail Mikhailovich , Nesvit Evgeniya Mikhailovna
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Pheochromocytoma is one of representative of neuroendocrine tumors. According this fact, pheochromocytoma remains to evaluation for multiply endocrine neoplasia, especially if disease is bilateral. In this case, it is necessary to additionally carry out a genetic screening test.
The aim of the study is to Improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes for patients with MEN syndrome.
Materials and methods: The authors present a clinical case of a 37-year-old man diagnosed and treated for a bilateral pheochromocytoma.
Results: The patient was diagnosed medullary thyroid cancer after successful bilateral adrenalectomy. The patient underwent thyroidectomy. A genetic research showed the T1900 mutation in the codon of 634 RET gene, which confirmed the presence of the patient MEN 2 syndrome. According to the high concordance of the mutated gene, patient's son was carried out to genetic examinations, which confirmed the presence of this mutation. The boy underwent thyroidectomy opportunely.
Discussion: Due to primary oncological observation if the patient has pheochromacytoma, it is necessary to exclude MAN 2 syndrome both in the patient himself and his relatives. The safest and informative method is genetic research.
Conclusion: presently a comprehensive examination of both the patient himself and his relatives is necessary for timely diagnosis and correct management of treatment patients with MEN 2 syndrome.
The Modern View on the Effectiveness of Cradiotherapy of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Moshurov Ivan Petrovich , Kamenev Dmitry Yuryevich , Kravets Bronislava Borisovna , Korotkikh Natalia Viktorovna
Published: August 2018

For many years the main method of treatment of patients with prostate cancer remains surgical treatment, which consists in performing a difficult and traumatic operations, leading to reduced quality of life. Currently, as an equal alternative to radical prostatectomy is radiotherapy, presented with a standard 3D conformal beam radiation, stereotactic radiotherapy and brachytherapy using sources with a low or high dose. Brachytherapy using sources of high power is a safe and effective treatment for localized prostate cancer, providing a summing fatal dose to the tumor with the short period of hospitalization, minimal complications, which may be used in combination with external beam radiotherapy and standalone version. A brief review of the literature on the use of combined radiation therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer. Describes the comparative characteristics of results of treatment of this pathology, complications, early and late toxic reactions when used brachytherapy isotopes of different dose in combination with external beam radiation therapy. The vector of further research in this direction is justified.
STRUCHKOV Viktor Ivanovich (to the 110th of birthday)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: August 2018

Viktor Ivanovich Struchkov was born 30 July (12 August) 1907 year in Ryazhsk Ryazan region. After graduating from the 2nd Moscow medical Institute V. I. Struchkov worked as a resident surgeon, and then head of the surgical Department in Voskresensk Interdistrict hospital in Moscow region (1931-1941). During the great Patriotic war, he was a leading surgeon (1941), the chief inspector and a specialist of the 21st army, the army surgeon of the 13th army in Bryansk and 1st Ukrainian front (1942-1945). In 1946, V. I. Struchkov with the rank of Colonel of medical service was transferred to reserves and became an assistant of the hospital surgical clinic, then became an associate Professor of operative surgery, since 1951 – Professor, and since 1953 – the head of the Department of General surgery of the 1st Moscow medical Institute. I. M. Sechenov, while working as chief surgeon of the Ministry of health of the USSR (1949-1965). In 1946 he defended his thesis, and in 1949 – his doctoral dissertation. In 1961, V. I. Struchkov was awarded the Lenin prize. In 1965, his monograph on "tumors of the lung" is awarded the prize. S. I. Spasokukotskogo of medical Sciences of the USSR, and Viktor Ivanovich became an academician of the USSR AMS. 1966-1976 Struchkov V. I. – academician-Secretary of the Presidium of the USSR AMS. His textbook "General surgery" was awarded the state prize of the USSR in 1975. In 1977 Victor Ivanovich was awarded the Title of hero of Socialist Labor.
Viktor Ivanovich Struchkov died on December 25, 1988. He has created a school of more than 45 doctors and 140 candidates of medical Sciences, he published more than 400 scientific works, including 33 monographs. He was the Deputy Chairman of the all-Union scientific society of surgeons, chief editor of the journal "Thoracic surgery", an honorary member of the Medical society of the name of J. Purkinje (Czechoslovakia), foreign, national and regional societies of surgeons, holder of two orders of Lenin, October Revolution, red banner, Patriotic war 1-St and 2-nd degree, two orders of Labour red banner, Friendship of peoples, the red Star, awarded with numerous medals.
Theoretical bases of calculation of energy parameters of laser radiation for thermotherapy of Baker's cyst.
Authors: Zhilyakov Andrew V , Chernyadiev S A , Aretinskiy A V , Sivkova N I , Korobova N Yu , Gorbatov V I
Published: August 2018

Actuality: Interstitial application of light energy to pathological tissues of small volume always raises concerns about the possible negative impact of excessive thermal effects on the surrounding unchanged structures. At the same time, insufficient thermal exposure does not allow achieving the desired result of manipulation. In particular, with a similar problem, there are surgeons performing laser-induced thermotherapy of cysts of different localization.
Objective: Determine the time to reach the desired temperature required for the irreversible coagulation of the wall of the Baker cyst, depending on the power of the laser radiation and the volume of the intracystic fluid.
Materials and methods: Several series of experiments were carried out in which different volumes of aqueous lidocaine solution were heated in disposable syringes by laser radiation fed along a flexible light-bearing fiber. Registration of infrared radiation from this system was performed by a portable thermal imager CONDTROL IR-CAM (Russia). The time for heating the syringe to 70 ° C was measured at different radiation powers.
Results: In all series of experiments, a predetermined temperature of 70 ° C was achieved, providing instantaneous protein coagulation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the calculated time by the formula (ideal) in all cases is less, which can be explained by the effect of heat removal from the walls of syringes. The higher the power of laser radiation, the less the effect of heat removal on the heating rate of the aqueous solution, and, accordingly, the time to reach the set temperature.
Conclusion. In the energy regimes and volumes of the aqueous solution studied, the optical fiber with end radiation emission is not capable of causing carbonization and damage to surrounding tissues. Accordingly, contactless perforation of the cyst wall by laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.47 μm is impossible. The obtained data testify to the advisability of calculating the energy to reach the set temperature and keeping it for a period sufficient for coagulation transformation of the more external layers of education
Clinical case of the treatment of venous leg ulcers in a patient with Sjogren disease
Authors: Aralova Masha V , Glukhov Aleksandr A
Published: August 2018

Relevance. Trophic ulcers on the background of systemic diseases are characterized by long flow and cause greater difficulties in treatment due to the reduced regenerative capabilities of the body. As a result of taking hormones muscles and skin become atrophic changes. Thinning and dry skin are particularly susceptible to trauma. Trophic ulcers in systemic connective tissue diseases often have no specific signs. Indicate systemic disease can atypical localization (thighs, buttocks, torso, upper extremity, head, mucosa of the oral cavity) wound, long for ulcers, with no tendency to regenerate, the big help in diagnostics renders the identification of syndromes, evidence of systemic autoimmune lesions of organs and tissues (polyarthritis, polyserositis, damage internal organs).
Purpose: description of the case of the treatment of the patient with Sjogren disease.
Materials and methods. In this report a clinical case of treatment of ulcers of the tibia on the background of long-term hormonal therapy. Patient more than 20 years of suffering from Sjogren's disease. Diagnosis of Sjogren’s disease (chronic, moderate activity (II) expressed stage), dry keratoconjunctivitis, parenchymatous parotitis, xerostomia, Raynaud's Syndrome, trophic ulcer of left tibia and varicose disease of the lower extremities, 2.
Sjogren’s disease - a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by involvement of exocrine glands, mainly salivary and lacrimal, with the gradual development of secretory failure, combined with various systemic manifestations. Local treatment of trophic ulcers took place against the background therapy of the underlying disease. In the first stage for cleansing the surface of trophic ulcers used for the contact controlled cryodestruction was carried out hydropressing treatment of the wound. The result - on the 5th day the wound was completely cleansed from necrotic tissue. Further, the local treatment consisted in the creation of optimal conditions for regeneration. After 4 weeks the wound is almost completely epithelization.
Conclusions. When Sjogren's disease treatment of ulcerative defects of the skin of the lower extremities takes place on the background of long-term hormonal medications. An important condition for wound healing is to decrease the dose of hormones to the minimum necessary. In this clinical observation in local treatment was applied the technique of contact controlled cryodestruction of pathological tissues on the surface of the ulcer.
OPPEL Vladimir Andreevich (1872-1932) to the 145 anniversary from the birthday
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: August 2018

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