bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised hindi word sense disambiguation using graph based centrality measures
Authors: Jha Prajna , Agarwal Shreya , Abbas Ali , Singh Satyendr , Jahan Siddiqui Tanveer
Published: October 2024

The task of word sense disambiguation (WSD) plays a key role in multiple applications of natural language processing. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised method for targeted Hindi WSD task. First, we create a weighted graph where the nodes correspond to various synsets of the target word and the neighboring context words. The edges in the graph represent the semantic relations between these synsets in the Hindi WordNet hierarchy. A path-based similarity measure, namely Leacock-Chodorow similarity measure, is used to assign weights to edges. An unsupervised weighted graph-based centrality algorithm is used to identify the correct sense of a target word in a given context. The performance of the proposed algorithm is measured on 20 ambiguous Hindi nouns using four different graph-based centrality measures. We observed a maximum accuracy of 66.92% using PageRank centrality measure which is significantly better than earlier reported graph-based Hindi WSD algorithmsevaluated on the same dataset.
A neural machine translation system for Kreol Repiblik Moris and English
Authors: Pudaruth Sameerchand , Armoogum Sheeba , Kumar Betchoo Nirmal , Sukhoo Aneerav , Gooria Vandanah , Peerally Abdallah , Zafar Khodabocus Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Although Google Translate is a widely used machine translation service that supports 133 languages, it does not incorporate support for the Kreol Repiblik Moris (KRM) language. Addressing this limitation, the current research focuses on enhancing the accuracy and fluency of machine translation between KRM and English through natural language processing and deep neural machine translation techniques. In this study, a machine translation system using a transformer model trained with a dataset of 50,000 parallel corpora has been developed. The model was evaluated using manual translations and the bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) score. A score of 31.46 for translating from KRM to English and 28.15 for translating from English to KRM was achieved. To our knowledge, these are the highest BLEU scores for translation between these two languages. This is due to utilising the largest dataset and extensive atomic words from the KRM dictionary. This successful interdisciplinary funded project led to the setting up of a free online translation service and a smartphone app for Mauritian citizens and tourists.
Optimized control strategy for a three-phase grid connected inverter using PI controller and DQ frame
Authors: Arise Nagasridhar , Saiteja Madde , Siddu V. , Kavya Vadluri , Vijay Mada
Published: October 2024

This paper provides a proportional-integral (PI) controller and direct-quadrature (DQ) frame transformation-based optimum control method for a three-phase grid-connected inverter. In terms of grid synchronization, voltage regulation, and harmonic abatement, the proposed control technique attempts to improve the inverter's performance. By separating the control of active and reactive power, the control structure is made simpler and independent regulation of these parameters is possible. This improves the inverter's capacity to quickly react to grid disruptions and track reference values accurately. In order to lower carbon emissions and improve grid dependability, it has become vital to integrate renewable energy sources into the current power grid. Grid-connected inverters are essential in this situation because they transform DC electricity from renewable sources into grid-safe AC power. This abstract outline a proportional-integral (PI) controller and direct-quadrature (DQ) frame-based optimal control method for a three-phase grid-connected inverter using a MATLAB simulation.
Evaluating a novel bidirectional soft-switching DC-DC converter for electric vehicles
Authors: Inampudi Prasannakumar , Chandrasekar P. , Muni T. Vijay
Published: October 2024

This research aims to build unique zero voltage transition (ZVT) non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters for hybrid electric vehicle battery storage. First, a high-voltage gain bidirectional converter (BDC) is examined. This converter can soft-switch insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The primary insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are operated under zero-current conditions throughout the turn-on to turn-off commutation phase to reduce switching losses and increase efficiency. A soft-switched cell with a resonant inductor, capacitor, and additional IGBTs achieves zero-current turn-off. A new converter uses insulated-gate bipolar transistors with zero-voltage transition operation. Soft-switched cells improve the hard-switched bridgeless DC-DC converter (BDC). Resonant inductors, capacitors, and auxiliary switching devices make up the soft-switched cell. Soft-switched cells enable zero voltage turn-on of primary insulated-gate bipolar transistors. This converter charges the battery in buck mode and boosts it to provide the necessary output voltage. This study examined a 70 V/300 V power system's high-gain bidirectional converter (BDC) design simulation. The converter was tested at 50 kHz with 800 W output power. The high-gain soft-switched BDC has 96.5% boost and 97% buck efficiency. Operating principles, design analysis, and simulation assessments are included in this study.
A new optimal space vector modulation with DTC switching strategy for induction motor control
Authors: Deab Ahmad Omar , Karthikumar K. , Karuppiah Marimuthu , Sankar P. A. Gowri
Published: October 2024

Efforts to achieve swift and precise dynamic torque control have been central in AC drive research. Recent advancements in embedded computer systems have highlighted direct torque control (DTC) and field-oriented control (FOC) as key methods for enhancing torque dynamics, both utilizing space vector modulation (SVM) to optimize voltage source inverter positioning. This study introduces a novel synthesis by integrating DTC with SVM to address limitations in conventional DTC, which suffers from limited voltage vector availability, leading to undesirable torque behavior and significant current fluctuations. The primary goal is to develop an optimal switching modulator for the fastest torque response through the combined application of DTC and SVM. The proposed strategy optimizes DC bus usage, reduces torque fluctuations, minimizes total harmonic distortion in AC motor current, decreases switching losses, and ensures seamless digital system integration. Simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK demonstrate significant torque, current, and flux linkage ripple reductions, validating the approach's effectiveness. This integration overcomes established limitations, extending the capabilities of motor control methodologies and offering enhanced performance and operational integrity in induction motor drive systems.
Low cost pulsed electric field generator using DC-DC boost converter and capacitor diode voltage multiplier
Authors: Thulasidas Jeya Shree , Purushothaman Srinivasan , Ravishanker Srivatsen , Mourougaiyan Thejaswaroopan , Anilkumar Arruthra
Published: October 2024

Traditional high-voltage pulse generators, like Marx generators often face challenges related to efficiency and complexity. In this paper, a solid-state multi-module high-voltage pulse generator that integrates capacitor-diode voltage multipliers (CDVM) with DC-DC boost converters and closed-loop voltage control is proposed to overcome these challenges. The system achieves high output voltage by coupling the pulsed output voltages of individual low-voltage DC sources in series across each module. The proposed design was modeled using MATLAB, and experimental testing was conducted on a single stage. Comparative analyses between timedomain parameters, proportional-integral (PI), and fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controllers were performed. Both MATLAB simulations and experimental validations demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The rise time, peak time, settling time, and steady-state error are all improved using an FOPID controller, decreasing from 0.32 to 0.31 seconds, 0.42 to 0.35 seconds, and 3.15 to 2.20 seconds, respectively. These findings indicate that a closed-loop FOPID controller enhances time-domain performance parameters more effectively than a PI controller for a two-stage DC-DC voltage multiplier.
Grid-connected double-stage PV system with space vector PWM inverter and MPPT
Authors: Manjula Ankathi , Babu A. Ramesh
Published: October 2024

Because of the increasing demand for non-conventional energy sources, photovoltaic system integration into the electrical grid is becoming more crucial. It is advised to employ a double-stage grid-connected PV system. This can be employed with the main parts boost converter, which helps to boost the DC output from the PV channels. And next one is the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter which can provide better harmonic performance and higher efficiency compared to traditional PWM methods. The SVPWM technique is employed to modulate the inverter output, generating a sinusoidal AC waveform that matches the grid frequency and voltage. By adjusting the pulse width to achieve effective and trustworthy grid integration. To maximize power extraction takes place by using maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The SVPWM inverter is crucial in converting DC power to AC power and enabling grid connection. Utilizing SVPWM allows exact control of voltage magnitude, frequency, and phase angle to provide high-quality sinusoidal AC output voltage. The power quality of the electricity pumped into the grid is improved by this precise management, which also ensures adherence to grid standards and reduces harmonic interference.
Comparative analysis of two static var compensator models in voltage control of transmission network
Authors: Jimoh Abdulrasaq , Ayanlade Samson Oladayo , Ariyo Funso Kehinde , Adebayo Moses Taiwo
Published: October 2024

The static var compensator (SVC) is a member of the family of flexible alternating current transmission systems controllers used in power system engineering to manage specific transmission network characteristics to enhance the performance of the transmission networks and thus increase the networks’ reliability. Power system engineers typically find it difficult to choose which SVC model to implement for simulations. This research aims to address this issue by conducting a comparative examination of two key SVC models on a transmission network. The two models of SVC variable shunt susceptance and firing angle were mathematically modeled and methodically included into the Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm for the network power flow solution. The IEEE 30-bus network was adopted as the test case, and the method was implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The network performance metric utilized was the voltage profile of the network. The two SVC models were successful in enhancing the network's performance; however, the variable shunt susceptance model was computationally faster than the firing angle model, as revealed by the simulation results. Therefore, among the two SVC models, the variable shunt susceptance model may be taken into account for simulation to enhance the performance of the transmission networks.
Reduction of torque ripples using the DTC-SVM method in PMSM with extended Kalman filter
Authors: Sudhakar Ambarapu , Kumari Popuri Rajani , Sai Cheepurupalli Krishna Chaitanya , Kumar Munuswamy Siva , Prakash Nelaturi Nanda , Bhavana Mukku , Rajanna Bodapati Venkata , Kameswari Yeluripati Lalitha
Published: October 2024

A detailed analysis has been conducted on two motor control algorithms: direct torque control (DTC) and field-oriented control (FOC). There are two ways that a voltage source inverter (VSI) can regulate a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). When using the PMSM and voltage source inverter (VSI), dead time is employed to turn off both the upper and lower switches to prevent short circuits. However, by supplying the PMSM with unexpected polarity voltages at the VSI output voltage, this switching technique reduces distortion. It is challenging to utilize the sensor to directly detect the fault voltage that results in an open circuit. This work examines the nonlinearity of the electric power controller during dead time during PMSM operation using the DTC algorithm to increase control stability. The stress distribution is estimated using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Ultimately, the model presented in this study verified the increase in stator current and torque output through simulations and testing.
Empowering industry through energy auditing: a case study of savings and sustainability
Authors: Anoune Kamal , Ghazi Mohamed , Ghazouani Mokhtar , Nasiri Badr , Zebraoui Otmane
Published: October 2024

Conducting energy audits is pivotal in assessing industrial plant efficiency and formulating effective energy management plans. It identifies opportunities for efficient energy use, reducing costs and environmental impact. This study employs a techno-economic approach to analyze electricity cost reduction in an industrial facility. Through energy auditing, it explores economic benefits and improved energy quality, yielding favorable outcomes. Focused on a plastic derivative manufacturing plant, the study reveals critical audit findings. The main aim is to identify avenues for electric energy savings, cutting production costs, and enhancing product competitiveness. The audit involves a detailed analysis of consumption patterns, signal quality, and potential energy management strategies, culminating in a cost-cutting plan. The results of an economic assessment of the suggested energy-saving strategies, provide a comprehensive evaluation of their financial implications. It reveals significant cost reduction opportunities, estimating annual energy savings of $45,824.56, which represents a 23.68% decrease in expenses. These initiatives not only boost the plant's financial performance but also strengthen its competitive edge.
A importância do aprofundamento teórico-metodológico na formação docente e nas produções de materiais didáticos dialógicos no curso de Letras
Authors: Lima Rosana Silvestre de , Cerqueira Larissa Vieira de
Published: October 2024

The Bakhtinian approach has been present in Brazilian official curricular documents since the 1990s. However, its pedagogical appropriation has been guided by the linguistic structure to the detriment of social interaction (Faraco, 2009), demanding efforts in Portuguese school subject teacher training. In this article, the objective is to show how the dialogic discourse theory deepening can contribute to teaching materials production, based on Portuguese language major training experience at the University of São Paulo in 2020. In this experience, the theoretical-methodological approach includes the concepts of speech genres (Bakhtin, 2016 [1952-1953]) and theme (Volóchinov, 2018 [1929]) and on the production of didactic proposals aligned with the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) (Brasil, 2018) and with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Unesco, 2017). In this work, we analyze the proposal “Gênero do discurso e produção de texto: editorial” [“Speech genres and text production: editorial”], identifying the authors' observance of Bakhtinian discursive referents: i) sphere/field of human activity; ii) speech genre; iii) its relative stability; iv) multiple voices in statements; v) thematic totality. The results indicate dialogical quality in the material with the presence of elements that express social dynamics, confirming the relevance of theoretical deepening and its practical application in undergraduate teacher training.
O desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem no processo de escrita dos estudantes universitários: o Projeto de Pesquisa para Iniciação Científica em foco
Authors: Silva Andressa Leticia Villagra , Lousada Eliane Gouvêa
Published: October 2024

This article aims to demonstrate the role that the Academic Literacy Laboratory at the University of São Paulo (LLAC) plays in improving students' textual production in the genre of Research Project for Scientific Initiation. This article is part of a master's research project that aims to go beyond a merely descriptive analysis, seeking to illustrate the interaction between theories of texts and genres and teaching practices. Based on the analysis of LLAC's impact on the textual production of genres in the university context, the article tracks the development of language capacities: action capacity, discursive capacity, and linguistic-discursive capacity (Dolz, Pasquier, Bronckart, 1993) of university students. In this sense, the article provides analyses of the development of written production in Portuguese, as a mother tongue, aiming to identify how students develop their language capacities based on the teachable characteristics of the Research Project genre. Through the analysis of various excerpts, it was observed that the interventions during the sessions played the role of a mediating tool in students' language actions, highlighting the importance of the monitor-tutor's role in the reformulation of texts.
Do discurso à ação política: análise de acontecimentos extremistas que violam uma ética discursiva
Authors: Mendes Paulo Henrique Aguiar
Published: October 2024

In this article, we reflect on aspects of the relationships between discourse, action, and ethics in the Brazilian political arena. These relationships were examined from theoretical perspectives based on the integration of discursive, phenomenological, and cognitive studies. We highlight the approaches of Ricoeur (1988) and Paveau (2015), particularly the notions of the discourse of action, ethically qualified action, and discursive ethics/virtue. These notions provided a conceptual and analytical framework for the analysis of two extremist events from protests against the outcome of the 2022 presidential elections, illustrating our political context characterized by the rise of the far-right and attacks against the Democratic Rule of Law. Methodologically, we selected a corpus of texts (such as memes, cartoons, photographs, statements, communications and a petition), which address and problematize these two events, shaping forms of metadiscourses with moral axiological nature. These metadiscursive statements were qualitatively analyzed based on their description and interpretation in light of the aforementioned notions.
Impactos da pandemia de covid-19: compreendendo as percepções dos estudantes de graduação da Unicamp
Authors: Bentes Anna Christina , Armani Flora Hauschild , Nobre Kennedy Cabral
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the perceptions of undergraduate students at the University of Campinas (Unicamp) regarding the period of emergency remote teaching during the years of 2020 and 2021. The research was developed through the analysis of discursive topics (Jubran, 2006; Rezende, 2006; Pinheiro, 2006) present in the responses to the survey ‘Understanding the performances, contexts, and perspectives of Unicamp students during the years 2020 and 2021 of the covid-19 pandemic’ (2022). The aim of this article is to present partial results of this research, focusing on the analysis of the responses from the 554 students who participated in the survey about their physical and mental health conditions, and the impact of these conditions on their academic activities. The methodology employed involves the analysis of referential processes in the students' answers to two survey questions that address individual and family health conditions during the pandemic. The main conclusion is that there were significant and profound impacts on Unicamp’s undergraduate student population, considering the socio-cognitive implications brought by covid-19 and its impacts on academic practices.
Trends in Gaps of Care for Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: Implications for Social Determinants of Health and Child Opportunity Index
Authors: Zaidi Abbas H. , Alberts Adam , Chowdhury Devyani , Beaty Claude , Brewer Benjamin , Chen Ming Hui , de Ferranti Sarah D.
Published: October 2024

Background

Lifelong continuity of care is essential for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) to maximize health outcomes; unfortunately, gaps in care (GIC) are common. Trends in GIC and of social determinants of health factors contributing to GIC are poorly understood.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study included patients with CHD, aged 0 to 34 years, who underwent surgery between January 2003 and May 2020, followed up at a pediatric subspeciality hospital. Patients were categorized as having simple, moderate, and complex CHD based on 2018 American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines. Social determinants of health, such as race, ethnicity, language, insurance status, and Child Opportunity Index, based on home address zip code, were analyzed. Of 2012 patients with CHD, a GIC of ≥3 years was identified in 56% (n=1119). The proportion of patients with GIC per year increased by 0.51% (
P
<0.001). Multivariable longitudinal models showed that the odds of GIC were higher for patients who were ≥10.5 years old, had simple CHD, lived out of state, lived farther from care site, received public insurance, had less protection with additional insurance plans, and with low Child Opportunity Index. A separate model for patients with only moderate/complex CHD showed similar findings. Race and ethnicity were not associated with the odds of experiencing GIC over time.

Conclusions

GIC have increased over time for patients with CHD. Social determinants of health, like insurance, access, and neighborhood opportunity, are key risk factors for increasing GIC. Efforts to reduce GIC in patients with CHD should focus on addressing the impact of specific social determinants of health.
Primate focused conservation education in Paraguay: Doing something Para La Tierra
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Ayala Santacruz Jorge Damián
Published: October 2024

Over 91% of the Paraguayan Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest has been cleared and the Gran Chaco is the fastest disappearing habitat on the continent. One of the compounding issues for conservation in Paraguay is the lack of knowledge of the importance of nature amongst the population. Fundación Para La Tierra (PLT) began the country’s first Eco-Club program, “Voces de la Naturaleza” (Voices of Nature), in 2016. Three of the curriculums participatory lessons focus on primate conservation. These lessons formed the basis of PLT’s Atlantic Forest education programme in 2018 when the team began visiting 22 schools around San Rafael (Tekoha Guasu). To date 26 schools (1,500+ children) across two political departments and four districts have participated in this programme which is now entering its 6th year. The biggest challenges have included the COVID-19 pandemic and the logistics and costs involved in reaching rural and remote schools. Though it is too soon to record observable behavioural change ongoing monitoring over the six year period indicates that children remember the information gained through the participatory methods for several years. We believe that the main reasons for the success of this programme are the collaborations that we have built with the teachers of the schools based on open communication and mutual respect. Though costs can be an issue when beginning, or running, a long-term project we recommend that potential educators not be put off trying and that a lot of good can be achieved with a small amount of funding.
Replacing soybean meal with house cricket (Acheta domesticus) meal in ruminant diet: effects on ruminal fermentation, degradation, and biohydrogenation
Authors: Hervás G. , Toral P.G. , Labbouz Y. , Baila C. , Boussalia Y. , Frutos P.
Published: October 2024

Insect meals could be a sustainable protein source in ruminant diets to overcome the environmental, market, and feed-food-fuel issues associated with the widespread use of soybean meal (SBM). However, research on this topic is still very scarce. This study was conducted to examine the possibility of replacing SBM with house cricket (Acheta domesticus) meal (HCM) in ruminant feeding. Four cannulated sheep were fed a total mixed ration containing either 10% SBM (Control diet) or 10% of non-defatted HCM (Insect diet) over two consecutive periods. Effects on ruminal fermentation, degradation, and biohydrogenation were evaluated. Despite some differences in rumen dry matter and N degradation kinetics, replacing dietary SBM with HCM did not affect the ruminal disappearance of dry matter, N and, neutral detergent fibre of in situ incubated feedstuffs. Nor were there differences between the meals in the in vitro intestinal digestibility of rumen non-degraded nitrogen. The replacement had no negative effects on rumen pH or ammonia concentrations, but resulted in lower total and individual (i.e. acetate, propionate, butyrate, and minor) volatile fatty acid concentrations. This adverse effect was probably due, at least in part, to the unexpectedly high content of fat in HCM and its relatively high degree of unsaturation. Inclusion of HCM in the diet facilitated modulation of the fatty acid profile of the rumen digesta without negative effects on biohydrogenation pathways (e.g. it increased trans-11 18:1 and cis-9 trans-11 CLA concentrations, with only a small variation in the trans-10:trans-11 18:1 ratio). Replacing SBM with HCM in ruminant diets could be a promising alternative to address the challenges related to SBM and to improve the lipid composition of ruminant-derived products. However, further research is still needed to investigate, for example, the most appropriate level of inclusion of HCM in the diet or the use of defatted meal.
The Role of Constitutional Review to Determine the Emergency Operation of Parliaments
Authors: Szentgáli-Tóth Boldizsár
Published: October 2024

Based on a recently published English-language global database on constitutional case law linked to the global pandemic, my contribution aims at analysing the currently underestimated link between constitutional review and the emergency operation of parliaments. Although the fact, that huge research endeavors have been devoted to the evaluation of parliamentary solutions adapting to the Covid-19 pandemic, the role of constitutional review has not been understood more deeply in this process until now. However, several constitutional constitutional courts have heard significant matters of parliamentary law during and shortly after the public health emergency, and despite the mostly deferential character of constitutional/supreme courts, the relevant rulings from around the world provided meaningful orientations how to describe rliamentary margin of movement to regulate internal structure and organisation during such extraordinary periods. This contribution will enumerate such constitutional/supreme court decisions and will assess their added value to maintain effective parliamentary work under the shadow of unprecedented challenges.
A taxonomic revision of Tillandsia (Tillandsioideae, Bromeliaceae) from Uruguay
Authors: ROSSADO ANDRÉS J. , DONADÍO SABINA , BONIFACINO JOSÉ M.
Published: October 2024

A taxonomic revision of the genus Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) from Uruguay is here presented based on the examination of herbarium specimens, field surveys, and an extensive analysis of taxonomic literature. Nineteen taxa are recognized: 17 species, one subspecies, and one natural hybrid. A new identification key for all the species of Tillandsia occurring in the country is presented. Data on nomenclature (correct names, types, synonyms used in Uruguay) are provided for each taxon, along with detailed morphological descriptions, vernacular names, distribution and habitat information (global and local), phenology, conservation assessment, diagnostic characters, and nomenclatural and taxonomical notes. This information is complemented with images, illustrations of floral parts, maps showing species distribution in Uruguay, and a phenological diagram. Tillandsia arequitae and T. uruguayensis are endemic to Uruguay, and five species reach their southern limit of distribution in the country (T. bandensis, T. geminiflora, T. ixioides, T. loliacea, and T. stricta). Tillandsia capillaris and T. virescens are registered as exotic and subspontaneous. A new natural hybrid between T. aëranthos and T. recurvifolia is described. Three species previously cited for Uruguay (T. crocata, T. lorentziana, and T. streptocarpa) are excluded or cited as doubtful species for the country. Tillandsia bicolor is discarded as a synonym of T. aëranthos, and T. dianthoidea is considered for the first time as an illegitimate superfluous name. Lectotypes for Tillandsia arequitae (second-step), T. capillaris, T. circinalis (second-step), T. cordobensis (second-step), T. duratii, T. geminiflora (second-step), T. hieronymi (second-step), T. ixioides, T. microxiphion, T. recurvata, T. stricta (second-step), T. tricholepis (second-step) and T. virescens, as well as an epitype for T. aëranthos are designated.
Description of immature stages of Hybosa acutangula Spaeth, 1913 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)
Authors: ŚWIĘTOJAŃSKA JOLANTA , LINZMEIER ADELITA M.
Published: October 2024

The immature stages of Hybosa acutangula Spaeth, 1913, member of the tribe Cassidini Gyllenhal, 1813, are described in detail and compared with other members of Cassidini and Ischyrosonychini Chapuis, 1875 species. The eggs, oothecae and first instar larvae are described for the first time. The morphology of the immatures of H. acutangula, unusual for the species of the Cassidini tribe, was the impulse that initiated the research. The result of the comparative analysis is the conclusion that the morphological features of the immature stages of H. acutangula are a mixture of characters observed in representatives of the Cassidini and Ischyrosonychini tribes. The similarity to Ischyrosonychini may only be convergence, but it cannot be ruled out that there is a separate phylogenetic lineage within Cassidini, represented by H. acutangula. Verification of this hypothesis requires further research.
First record of Monalonion velezangeli (Hemiptera: Miridae) affecting avocado and cherimoya (Annona cherimola) as new hosts in Ecuador
Authors: NOBOA MICHELLE , CASTILLO CARMEN , CARVAJAL VLADIMIR , MERINO JORGE , GAONA PABLO , VITERI PABLO , PARK CHAN HWAN
Published: October 2024

Monalonion velezangeli is a polyphagous hemipteran reported as one of the main pests of economic importance in avocado and coffee crops. This is the first report of M. velezangeli affecting avocado (Persea americana (Mill)) in Ecuador and the first report of cherimoya (Annona cherimola) as a new host plant. The species was identified through classical taxonomy based on morphology, with parallel molecular identification targeting the cytochrome oxidase I region.
Resurrection of the genus Eremothyris Walsingham (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Lacturidae)
Authors: HUANG SI-YAO , MARTIN GEOFF , ESPELAND MARIANNE
Published: October 2024

The African lacturid genus Eremothyris Walsingham, 1897 stat. rev. is resurrected from the synonym of Gymnogramma Zeller, 1852 based on the examination of the type species of both genera. The checklist of the genus Eremothyris is provided. The following new combinations are given: E. atmocycla (Meyrick, 1918) comb. n., E. privata (Meyrick, 1924) comb. n., E. racemosa (Meyrick, 1918) comb. n., E. sphaerobola (Meyrick, 1924) comb. n. and E. tabulatrix (Meyrick, 1930) comb. n. Adult and genitalia of the type species of the genera Eremothyris and Gymnogramma are illustrated.
3. Reconstituer les décors d’un théâtre de la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Enjeux de la recherche en scénographie
Authors: Bortolotti Raphaël
Published: October 2024

Les décors de théâtre ont la particularité d’être conçus pour le contexte spécifique de la représentation théâtrale. Les chercheurs en scénographie sont donc amenés à considérer les décors comme partie intégrante de l’événement théâtral, prenant en compte l’espace théâtral, l’éclairage, la présence des acteurs, la machinerie et les machinistes, etc. À partir de décors originaux du milieu du XIXe siècle conservés au théâtre de Feltre en Italie du Nord, cet article examine les composantes de l’événement théâtral relevant de la scénographie, en croisant des sources de natures diverses, telles que des traités, des comptes rendus de périodiques ou de spectateurs, des traités de gestion théâtrale, des documents d’archives théâtrales (inventaires, contrats avec des peintres ou des machinistes, etc.).

Theatre sets have the particularity of being designed for the specific context of theatrical performance. Research on scenography is therefore led to consider sets as an integral part of the theatrical event, and take into account the theatrical space, the lighting, the presence of the actors, the machinery and the stagehands, etc. Based on original stage sets from the mid-nineteenth century preserved in the theatre of Feltre in northern Italy, this article examines the components of theatrical events relating to scenography, by cross-referencing sources of various kinds, such as treatises, reports from periodicals or spectators, treatises on theatrical management, and documents from theatrical archives (inventories, contracts with painters or stagehands, etc.).
6. Étudier les wauxhalls parisiens (1766–1798)
Authors: Piquart-Vesperini Magaly
Published: October 2024

Dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle, les wauxhalls, salles de bal semi-éphémères, apparaissent à Paris, issus d’un transfert culturel. Ces nouveaux lieux de loisirs sont importés par des artificiers qui tentent d’adapter au goût parisien les pleasure gardens londoniens éponymes. Leur durée d’existence relativement courte, environ une dizaine d’années, laisse au chercheur peu de sources pour les étudier. En fonction de leurs commanditaires, qu’ils soient artificiers-entrepreneurs, hommes de spectacle ou grands du royaume, le traitement de leurs archives est assez inégal. L’étude de ces sources primaires prend alors des formes variées, allant du traditionnel dépouillement de fonds d’archives à la lecture de périodiques, d’almanachs ou tout autre document issu de la littérature contemporaine faisant mention de ces édifices. Nous proposons de donner ici un aperçu des sources utilisées pour l’étude des wauxhalls parisiens, enrichissant les sources visuelles exploitées en histoire de l’art. Cela nous permet d’étudier l’histoire matérielle de ces édifices et ainsi de tenter de reconstituer ces architectures disparues.

During the second part of the eighteenth century, wauxhalls, ephemeral ballrooms, began to be built in Paris. These venues generally remained in business for around ten years, which explains the paucity of resources available to researchers. The diversity of wauxhall owners, who included pyrotechnicians, theatre professionals or even the kingdom’s upper nobility, is another reason why archives on these buildings are of widely divergent quality. In order to study wauxhalls, researchers must draw on primary sources that come in different forms, ranging from traditional archival collections to contemporary periodicals, almanacs and other literary sources touching on these structures. This article presents an overview of the kinds of sources used in this research, enriching the visual resources traditionally used in art history. As well as allowing us to study the material history of wauxhalls, they enable us to attempt to reconstitute this lost architectural heritage.
The Clinical Value of Computed Tomography of Facial Bone Injuries in Pediatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Butchy M. Virginia , Williamson John , Lou Johanna , Williams Jennifer , Kota Rasagnya , Kazmi Khuram S. , Katz Douglas , Moront Matthew , Lindholm Erika B.
Published: October 2024

Background

Head trauma is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric trauma population. There are validated guidelines which indicate the necessity for computed tomography of the head (CTH), but the indication for a dedicated CT of the facial bones (CTF) is less clear. We sought to identify our population of head trauma patients who would clinically benefit from the addition of CTF.

Methods

Using the electronic medical record, pediatric trauma patients who underwent CTH and/or CTF from 2016 to 2021 were identified. We collected information on demographics, traumatic mechanism, subspecialty consultation, and operative and procedural interventions.

Results

2117 pediatric patients were evaluated. A total of 372 patients received CTH and 173 patients received both CTH + CTF. Patients with CTH + CTF were older ( P < 0.001), involved in high-velocity blunt trauma ( P < 0.001), and had a longer length of stay ( P < 0.001). There were no fractures identified in 73 (42.2%) patients with both CTH + CTF. Of patients with fractures, there were 204 fractures identified and 73.0% (149/204) of fractures were seen on both the CTH + CTF. There were 19.6% (40/204) read only on CTF and 10 patients (5.7%) had a fracture requiring intervention. 8 of the 10 fractures requiring operative intervention were mandibular bone fractures.

Discussion

Computed tomography of the head can be used as a screening tool for facial fractures. A negative CTH can eliminate the need for additional radiation from a CTF. Computed tomography of the facial bones will identify more fractures, but few requiring intervention. We suggest that CTF be limited to a subset of pediatric trauma patients with facial injury.
Distinctions: Uses of the Bible in Immigration Debates
Authors: Hovey Craig
Published: October 2024

This article considers and responds to some of the ways the Bible is used in US immigration debates, focusing on restrictive interpretations by conservative scholars. It highlights how biblical texts are often applied to support modern distinctions, such as legal versus illegal immigrants, by selectively interpreting passages like those referring to the “least of these” or the treatment of sojourners versus foreigners. The discussion draws on some complexities of theological history, including how Western Christianity’s colonial mindset distorted biblical teachings, leading to exclusionary practices. The article contrasts these views with more inclusive biblical interpretations that emphasize hospitality and justice.
Medical misinformation in social media: Representations of gastrointestinal disorders on a short video platform
Authors: Bell Matthew T , Stephan Alicia , Cumpian Nicholas , Alao Hawwa , Atla Pradeep R , Srivastava Neetika , Fleischman Wayne M , Eysselein Viktor E , Reicher Sofiya
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives:

Short video platforms have become one of the most common methods for disseminating medical information on social media. We analysed gastrointestinal (GI)-related content on TikTok, focusing on the creators’ background, patterns of content utilisation and overall content quality and understandability, using validated metrics to quantify the degree of misinformation.

Methods:

Twelve hashtags related to common GI conditions on TikTok and the 20 most engaging posts associated with each hashtag were selected for review. The ‘most engaging’ status was determined by the application’s internal algorithm. Six GI board-certified physicians evaluated the videos using two validated instruments: DISCERN quality criteria and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT-A/V) survey.

Results:

In total, 253 videos were reviewed with 18.6 billion likes, 191,000 comments, 935,000 saves and 927,000 shares. IBS hashtag had the greatest number of views (2.2 billion), while videos on haemorrhoids had the most likes (4.3 million), comments (59,000) and shares (288,000). Most videos 177/253 (70%) were created by non-healthcare workers. The median video quality was 2/5 on DISCERN Likert-type scale with 23/75 DISCERN score. Of 186 videos, 114 (61.3%) were rated ‘very poor’; 58/186 (31.2%) ‘poor’, 13/186 (7%) ‘fair’ and only one video (0.5%) was rated ‘excellent’ on DISCERN grading system. The median PEMAT-A/V scores were 7/12 (73.9%) for understandability and 1/3 (33.3%) for actionability.

Conclusion:

Our study highlights significant public interest in common GI disorders. However, most posts lacked substantive information and did not have verifiable sources.
Epithelial RANKL Limits Experimental Periodontitis via Langerhans Cells
Authors: Netanely Y. , Barel O. , Naamneh R. , Jaber Y. , Yacoub S. , Saba Y. , Zubeidat K. , Saar O. , Eli-Berchoer L. , Yona S. , Brand A. , Capucha T. , Wilensky A. , Loser K. , Clausen B.E. , Hovav A.-H.
Published: October 2024

Due to its capacity to drive osteoclast differentiation, the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL) is believed to exert a pathological influence in periodontitis. However, RANKL was initially identified as an activator of dendritic cells (DCs), expressed by T cells, and exhibits diverse effects on the immune system. Hence, it is probable that RANKL, acting as a bridge between the bone and immune systems, plays a more intricate role in periodontitis. Using ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP), rapid alveolar bone loss was detected that was later halted even though the ligature was still present. This late phase of LIP was also linked with immunosuppressive conditions in the gingiva. Further investigation revealed that the ligature prompted an immediate migration of RANK-expressing Langerhans cells (LCs) and EpCAM+ DCs, the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the gingival epithelium, to the lymph nodes, followed by an expansion of T regulatory (Treg) cells in the gingiva. Subsequently, the ligatured gingiva was repopulated by monocyte-derived RANK-expressing EpCAM+ DCs, while gingival epithelial cells upregulated RANKL expression. Blocking RANKL signaling with monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced the frequencies of Treg cells in the gingiva and prevented gingival immunosuppression. In addition, RANKL signaling facilitated the differentiation of LCs from bone marrow precursors. To further investigate the role of RANKL, we used K14-RANKL mice, in which RANKL is overexpressed by gingival epithelial cells. The elevated RANKL expression shifted the steady-state frequencies of LCs and EpCAM+ DCs within the epithelium, favoring LCs over EpCAM+ DCs. Following ligature placement, heightened levels of Treg cells were observed in the gingiva of K14-RANKL mice, and alveolar bone loss was significantly reduced. These findings suggest that RANKL-RANK interactions between gingival epithelial cells and APCs are crucial for suppressing gingival inflammation, highlighting a protective immunological role for RANKL in periodontitis that was overlooked due to its osteoclastogenic activity.
The obscure object of desire: The role of political reflections, strategic calculations and informal networks in the development of national social dialogue across time in Spain over five decades
Authors: Lopez-Andreu Martí , Martínez Lucio Miguel
Published: October 2024

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the dynamics of social dialogue in Spain and highlights that to understand the relations between organised labour and the state a greater degree of historical sensibility in the way risks and calculations are developed in terms of exchanges and expectations is required. It goes beyond traditional institutionalist analysis to further understand how social dialogue at the state level occurs across different and complex trade-offs within political networks, even in weaker state contexts such as that of Spain. The article uses interviews with union leaders from the main Spanish unions involved in different historical moments to understand a range of uneven or opaque activities, the features of which can only be understood by expanding what we mean by the notion of political exchange, as well as the deliberate or conscious calculations and longer-term risks of such exchanges during different points in time.
Childhood Exposure to Family Violence, Residential Instability, and Parental Incarceration: Compounding Household Adversities and Adolescent Delinquency
Authors: Talaugon Alyssa R. , Turanovic Jillian J.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Although childhood exposure to family violence has been linked to crime and delinquency over the life course, it rarely occurs in isolation from other household hardships. Drawing from developmental hypotheses of cumulative disadvantage and disadvantage saturation, we examine how the effect of childhood exposure to family violence (i.e., witnessing violence against one's mother) on adolescent delinquency varies when it co-occurs with two interrelated familial adversities: residential instability and parental incarceration. Methods: Using longitudinal data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,191), we assess categorical combinations of childhood exposure to family violence, residential instability, and parental incarceration (years 3–9) on adolescent delinquency (year 15). Logistic regression models are specified for overall, nonviolent, and violent delinquency, controlling for a host of confounding variables. Results: Exposure to family violence has the strongest association with delinquency when combined with childhood residential instability and parental incarceration. The findings align with the cumulative disadvantage hypothesis, and these patterns are strongest for overall and nonviolent delinquency outcomes. Conclusions: Life-course research should explicitly consider the broader landscape of adversity in which childhood exposure to family violence occurs, recognizing that its long-term effects may be contingent upon or amplified by co-occurring household hardships.
Canadian Provincial and Territorial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well-Being Study (CWMH): Navigating Practical and Unanticipated Methodological Challenges
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , Andres Elizabeth , Johnston Matthew S. , Taillieu Tamara L. , Dorniani Sahar , Carbonell Marina , Bennett Brittany , Hozempa Kadie , Coulling Ryan , Cassiano Marcella Siqueira , Afifi Tracie O. , Nicholas Carleton R.
Published: October 2024

Previous research assessing correctional worker (CW) mental health has seldom assessed for differences based on jurisdiction or diverse occupational categories. The current study was designed to provide a nuanced quantitative examination of mental health disorder prevalence and related problems among CWs and to qualitatively explore the varying social contexts surrounding CW well-being. We reflect on how we overcame unanticipated challenges and disruptions (e.g., technology, COVID-19 pandemic) throughout the design, launch, and analysis of the survey, and illustrate how our national study, driven by a rigorous methodological approach and collaborative research design, builds on the extant CW mental health and wellness literature.
Deconstructing giftedness: A relational analysis of the make-up of talent in theatrical dance
Authors: Tsitsou Lito
Published: October 2024

This article embarks on a sociological explanation of the genesis of talent as an embodied experience and as bodily hexis generated within a system of social and aesthetic relations which are characterised by symbolic oppositions. Using Bourdieu’s theory of artistic production, I argue that talent in theatrical dance constitutes an ideal type materialised through the construction of the dancing body as a site of excellence, only possible through access to specific forms of capital. Drawing on historical and contemporary empirical material to conceptualise talent in dance, the article critiques the notion of talent as an innate gift, contending that virtuoso physical performance is a product of history and practice and acquires meaning within such conditions of engagement.