bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunable Polarization and Surface Relief Holographic Gratings in Azopolymer Nanocomposites with Incorporated Goethite (α-FeOOH) Nanorods
Authors: Nedelchev Lian , Mateev Georgi , Strijkova Velichka , Salgueiriño Verónica , Schmool David S. , Berberova-Buhova Nataliya , Stoykova Elena , Nazarova Dimana
Published: August 2021

We employ two approaches to tune the properties of concurrently inscribed volume polarization and surface relief gratings in nanocomposite thin films containing the azopolymer PAZO (poly[1-4-(3-carboxy-4-hydrophenylazo)benzensulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt]) and goethite (α-FeOOH) nanorods. The first one is applied on the stage of sample preparation by varying the concentration of the goethite nanorods from 0% to 15%. Then, different angles between the recording beams are set in the holographic scheme, which allow us to obtain gratings with spatial periods in the range from 0.86 to 2.51 µm. Surface relief modulation close to 300 nm is achieved as well as total diffraction efficiency in the ±1 diffracted orders of more than 50%. The influence of the incorporated goethite nanorods on the properties of both volume birefringence and the surface relief grating are discussed.
Genetic Mapping for Agronomic Traits in IAPAR 81/LP97-28 Population of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Drought Conditions
Authors: Elias Júlio César Ferreira , Gonçalves-Vidigal Maria Celeste , Vaz Bisneta Mariana , Valentini Giseli , Vidigal Filho Pedro Soares , Gilio Thiago Alexandre Santana , Moda-Cirino Vânia , Song Qijian
Published: August 2021

One of the significant challenges of common bean breeding is developing cultivars with high yields under drought conditions. The present study attempted to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and identify molecular markers that are linked to drought tolerance in the common bean. We evaluated 160 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from the cross between the carioca cultivars IAPAR 81 (drought tolerant) and LP97-28 (susceptible to drought). In 2014 and 2015, two experiments were conducted (DS—drought stress, and NS—no drought stress). In the DS experiment, water suppression was performed at the flowering stages R5 to R6. The results of our experiments showed that drought conditions play an essential role in reducing most of the traits that were evaluated. RILs under drought conditions reduced the grain yield by 62.03% and 24% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. We identified 15 quantitative trait loci distributed on the chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv07, Pv08, Pv09, Pv10, and Pv11, related to grain yield, seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, plant height, number of days for flowering, and number of days to maturity. The characteristics of seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, and number of days to maturity showed that QTLs colocalized on Pv07. Identifying QTLs that are linked to drought tolerance in the RIL population IAPAR 81 × LP97-28 is of particular importance for common bean breeding programs seeking to improve carioca beans that are cultivated in regions with drought conditions, such as Brazil.
With an Ear Up against the Wall: An Update on Mechanoperception in Arabidopsis
Authors: Behnami Sara , Bonetta Dario
Published: August 2021

Cells interpret mechanical signals and adjust their physiology or development appropriately. In plants, the interface with the outside world is the cell wall, a structure that forms a continuum with the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. Mechanical stress from cell wall damage or deformation is interpreted to elicit compensatory responses, hormone signalling, or immune responses. Our understanding of how this is achieved is still evolving; however, we can refer to examples from animals and yeast where more of the details have been worked out. Here, we provide an update on this changing story with a focus on candidate mechanosensitive channels and plasma membrane-localized receptors.
Agronomic Performance in Low Phytic Acid Field Peas
Authors: Lindsay Donna L. , Jha Ambuj B. , Arganosa Gene , Glahn Raymond , Warkentin Thomas D.
Published: August 2021

Field pea is a pulse that delivers high protein content, slowly digestible starch and fiber, and many vitamins and minerals, including iron. Naturally occurring plant phytic acid molecules bind iron, lowering its availability for absorption during digestion. Two low phytic acid (lpa) pea lines, 1-2347-144 and 1-150-81, developed by our group had 15% lower yield and 6% lower seed weight relative to their progenitor cultivar. Subsequently, we crossed the two lpa lines and two cultivars, and derived 19 promising lpa pea breeding lines; here we document their agronomic performance based on 10 replicated field trials in Saskatchewan. Seventeen of these lpa lines yielded greater than 95% of the check mean (associated cultivars) and 16 were above 98% of the check mean for 1000 seed weight. The 19 lpa lines showed 27 to 55% lower phytic acid concentration than the check mean. Iron concentrations were similar in all the lpa lines and cultivars, yet the Caco-2 human cell culture assay revealed 14 of the 19 lpa lines had 11 to 55% greater iron bioavailability than check means. Thus, a single round of plant breeding has allowed for closing the gap in performance of low phytic acid pea.
Impact of Ballast Fouling on the Mechanical Properties of Railway Ballast: Insights from Discrete Element Analysis
Authors: Wang Luyu , Meguid Mohamed , Mitri Hani S.
Published: August 2021

Ballast fouling is a major factor that contributes to the reduction of shear strength of railway ballast, which can further affect the stability of railway supporting structure. The major sources of ballast fouling include infiltration of foreign fines into the ballast material and ballast degradation induced by train movement on the supported tracks. In this paper, a discrete element model is developed and used to simulate the shear stress–strain response of fouled ballast assembly subjected to direct shear loading. A simplified computational approach is then proposed to model the induced ballast fouling and capture the mechanical response of the ballast at various levels of contamination. The approach is based on the assumption that fine particles comprising the fouling material will not only change the interparticle friction angle, but also the contact stiffness between the ballast particles. Therefore, both the interparticle friction coefficient and effective modulus are adjusted based on a fouled ballast model that is validated using experimental results. The effect of ballast degradation is also investigated by gradually changing the particle size distribution of the ballast assembly in the discrete element model to account for the increased range of particle sizes. Using the developed model, the effect of ballast degradation on the shear strength is then evaluated. Conclusions are made to highlight the suitability of these approximate approaches in efficiently modeling ballast assemblies under shear loading conditions.
Thermal and Kinetic Behaviors during Co-Pyrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene Triblock Copolymer
Authors: Yu Shijie , Yang Xiaoxiao , Zhou Hui , Tan Zhongchao , Cong Kunlin , Zhang Yanguo , Li Qinghai
Published: August 2021

The interaction between various municipal solid waste components is very important for the actual solid waste treatment process. Microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) are important components of municipal solid waste. In this paper, co-pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of MC and SBS with different heating rates were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The overlap ratio was defined to evaluate the interaction between MC and SBS. The results showed that the decomposition temperature of MC was lower than that of SBS during pyrolysis. The interaction between MC and SBS, an inhibitory effect, was most significant when the MC mass fraction was 70% with an overlap ratio of 0.9764. SBS had almost no effect on the pyrolysis temperature of MC, while MC delayed the pyrolysis of SBS. Adding MC in SBS can significantly reduce the energy required for the reaction.
Optimal Design of a U-Shaped Oscillating Water Column Device Using an Artificial Neural Network Model
Authors: George Arun , Cho Il-Hyoung , Kim Moo-Hyun
Published: August 2021

A U-shaped oscillating water column (U-OWC) device has been investigated to enhance power extraction by placing the bottom-mounted vertical barrier in front of a conventional OWC. Then, the optimal design of a U-OWC device has been attempted by using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. First, the analytical model is developed by a matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM) based on linear potential theory. Using the developed analytical model, the input and output features for training an ANN model are identified, and then the database containing input and output features is established by a Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method. With 200 samples, an ANN model is trained with the training data (70%) and validated with the remaining test data (30%). The predictions on output features are made for 4000 random combinations of input features for given significant wave heights and energy periods in irregular waves. From these predictions, the optimal geometric values of a U-OWC are determined by considering both the conversion efficiency and wave force on the barrier. It is found that a well-trained ANN model shows good prediction accuracy and provides the optimal geometric values of a U-OWC suitable for wave conditions at the installation site.
IP Analytics and Machine Learning Applied to Create Process Visualization Graphs for Chemical Utility Patents
Authors: Trappey Amy J. C. , Trappey Charles V. , Liang Chih-Ping , Lin Hsin-Jung
Published: August 2021

Researchers must read and understand a large volume of technical papers, including patent documents, to fully grasp the state-of-the-art technological progress in a given domain. Chemical research is particularly challenging with the fast growth of newly registered utility patents (also known as intellectual property or IP) that provide detailed descriptions of the processes used to create a new chemical or a new process to manufacture a known chemical. The researcher must be able to understand the latest patents and literature in order to develop new chemicals and processes that do not infringe on existing claims and processes. This research uses text mining, integrated machine learning, and knowledge visualization techniques to effectively and accurately support the extraction and graphical presentation of chemical processes disclosed in patent documents. The computer framework trains a machine learning model called ALBERT for automatic paragraph text classification. ALBERT separates chemical and non-chemical descriptive paragraphs from a patent for effective chemical term extraction. The ChemDataExtractor is used to classify chemical terms, such as inputs, units, and reactions from the chemical paragraphs. A computer-supported graph-based knowledge representation interface is developed to plot the extracted chemical terms and their chemical process links as a network of nodes with connecting arcs. The computer-supported chemical knowledge visualization approach helps researchers to quickly understand the innovative and unique chemical or processes of any chemical patent of interest.
Dynamic Simulation of Continuous Catalytic Reforming Process Based on Simultaneous Solution
Authors: Zhang Hanyu , Zhao Weijie , Jiang Aipeng , Huang Qiu-Yun , Wang Haokun , Ding Qiang
Published: August 2021

The dynamic simulation of the continuous catalytic reforming process is of great significance to the performance prediction and optimization of the entire process. In this study, a 34-lumped mechanism model described by differential algebra was established based on the actual process conditions of the continuous catalytic reforming process in China, and an efficient dynamic simulation solution method based on simultaneous equations was proposed. First, a 34-lumped differential–algebraic mechanism model was established based on the basic principles of reforming kinetics, thermodynamics, material balance, and energy balance. Secondly, in order to solve and simulate the mechanism model composed of 144 differential equations and several algebraic equations, the method of finite-element collocation is used to discretize the differential equations and convert them into large-scale, nonlinear programming problems, and the interior point algorithm is used to estimate its parameters and verify the model. In addition, in order to avoid the problem of too long derivative solution time and too large memory in the solution process, methods such as sparse derivative and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) with limited storage are used to solve the problem. Finally, on the basis of model verification, dynamic simulation and sensitivity analysis of the whole process are carried out by modifying different input parameters. The results show that the mechanism model and solution method presented in this paper can quickly and accurately simulate the continuous catalytic reforming process dynamically.
Biogas Reforming as a Precursor for Integrated Algae Biorefineries: Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis
Authors: Kenkel Philipp , Wassermann Timo , Zondervan Edwin
Published: August 2021

Biogas is a significant by-product produced in algae processing and may be used for many different applications, not only as a renewable energy carrier but also as a chemical intermediate in integrated algae-based biorefineries. In this work, the reforming of biogas to H2/CO2 mixtures (referred to as SynFeed) as feed for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is investigated. Two conventional processes, namely steam methane and autothermal reforming, with upstream CO2 separation from raw biogas are compared to novel concepts of direct biogas bi- and tri-reforming. In addition, downstream CO2 separation from SynFeed using the commercial Selexol process to produce pure H2 and CO2 is considered. The results show that upstream CO2 separation with subsequent steam methane reforming is the most economic process, costing 142.48 €/tSynFeed, and taking into consideration the revenue from excess hydrogen. Bi-reforming is the most expensive process, with a cost of 413.44 €/tSynFeed, due to the high demand of raw biogas input. Overall, SynFeed from biogas is more economical than SynFeed from CO2 capture and water electrolysis (464 €/tSynFeed), but is slightly more expensive than using natural gas as an input (107 €/SynFeed). Carbon capture using Selexol comes with costs of 22.58–27.19 €/tCO2, where approximately 50% of the costs are derived from the final CO2 compression.
Simulation Tests of a Cow Milking Machine—Analysis of Design Parameters
Authors: Golisz Ewa , Kupczyk Adam , Majkowska Maria , Trajer Jędrzej
Published: August 2021

The objective of this paper was to create a mathematical model of vacuum drops in a form that enables the testing of the impact of design parameters of a milking cluster on the values of vacuum drops in the claw. Simulation tests of the milking cluster were conducted, with the use of a simplified model of vacuum drops in the form of a fourth-degree polynomial. Sensitivity analysis and a simulation of a model with a simplified structure of vacuum drops in the claw were carried out. As a result, the impact of the milking machine’s design parameters on the milking process could be analysed. The results showed that a change in the local loss and linear drag coefficient in the long milk duct will have a lower impact on vacuum drops if a smaller flux of inlet air, a higher head of the air/liquid mix, and a higher diameter of the long milk tube are used.
Efficiency of “Publish or Perish” Policy—Some Considerations Based on the Uzbekistan Experience
Authors: Eshchanov Bahtiyor , Abduraimov Kobilbek , Ibragimova Mavluda , Eshchanov Ruzumboy
Published: August 2021

Researchers from Uzbekistan are leading the global list of publications in predatory journals. The current paper reviews the principles of implementation of the “publish or perish policy” in Uzbekistan with an overarching aim of detecting the factors that are pushing more and more scholars to publish the results of their studies in predatory journals. Scientific publications have historically been a cornerstone in the development of science. For the past five decades, the quantity of publications has become a common indicator for determining academic capacity. Governments and institutions are increasingly employing this indicator as an important criterion for promotion and recruitment; simultaneously, researchers are being awarded Ph.D. and D.Sc. degrees for the number of articles they publish in scholarly journals. Many talented academics have had a pay rise or promotion declined due to a short or nonexistent bibliography, which leads to significant pressure on academics to publish. The “publish or perish” principle has become a trend in academia and the key performance indicator for habilitation in Uzbekistan. The present study makes a case for re-examining the criteria set by the Supreme Attestation Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan for candidates applying for Ph.D. and D.Sc. as well as faculty promotion requirements in the light of current evidence for the deteriorating academic performance of scholars.
“The Human Was Created Out of Haste.” On Prophecy and the Problem of Human Nature in the Qur’an
Authors: Reynolds Gabriel Said
Published: August 2021

In this article it is argued that the Qur’an’s doctrine of divine mercy is best understood in light of its pessimistic anthropology, an aspect of the text that is often underappreciated. The so-called “primordial covenant” verse (Q 7:172) of the Qur’an holds humans responsible for submission to God. The Qur’anic language on “signs” in the natural world suggests that humans should recognize God (and be grateful to Him) by reflection on nature alone. Yet, according to the Qur’an they do not. The Qur’an refers frequently to humans as “ungrateful” and “hasty”. It also makes divine punishments a regular element of human history, suggesting that rebellion is endemic to human nature. It is, I argue, precisely the rebelliousness of humans that makes God’s initiative in sending prophets merciful. The ministry of prophets in the Qur’an is an unmerited manifestation of divine compassion for a sinful humanity.
Sea Fog Dissipation Prediction in Incheon Port and Haeundae Beach Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Authors: Han Jin Hyun , Kim Kuk Jin , Joo Hyun Seok , Han Young Hyun , Kim Young Taeg , Kwon Seok Jae
Published: August 2021

Sea fog is a natural phenomenon that reduces the visibility of manned vehicles and vessels that rely on the visual interpretation of traffic. Fog clearance, also known as fog dissipation, is a relatively under-researched area when compared with fog prediction. In this work, we first analyzed meteorological observations that relate to fog dissipation in Incheon port (one of the most important ports for the South Korean economy) and Haeundae beach (the most populated and famous resort beach near Busan port). Next, we modeled fog dissipation using two separate algorithms, classification and regression, and a model with nine machine learning and three deep learning techniques. In general, the applied methods demonstrated high prediction accuracy, with extra trees and recurrent neural nets performing best in the classification task and feed-forward neural nets in the regression task.
Teasing Apart Silvopasture System Components Using Machine Learning for Optimization
Authors: Kharel Tulsi P. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Owens Phillip R. , Philipp Dirk , Thomas Andrew L. , Sauer Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

Silvopasture systems combine tree and livestock production to minimize market risk and enhance ecological services. Our objective was to explore and develop a method for identifying driving factors linked to productivity in a silvopastoral system using machine learning. A multi-variable approach was used to detect factors that affect system-level output (i.e., plant production (tree and forage), soil factors, and animal response based on grazing preference). Variables from a three-year (2017–2019) grazing study, including forage, tree, soil, and terrain attribute parameters, were analyzed. Hierarchical variable clustering and random forest model selected 10 important variables for each of four major clusters. A stepwise multiple linear regression and regression tree approach was used to predict cattle grazing hours per animal unit (h ha−1 AU−1) using 40 variables (10 per cluster) selected from 130 total variables. Overall, the variable ranking method selected more weighted variables for systems-level analysis. The regression tree performed better than stepwise linear regression for interpreting factor-level effects on animal grazing preference. Cattle were more likely to graze forage on soils with Cd levels <0.04 mg kg−1 (126% greater grazing hours per AU), soil Cr <0.098 mg kg−1 (108%), and a SAGA wetness index of <2.7 (57%). Cattle also preferred grazing (88%) native grasses compared to orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The result shows water flow within the landscape position (wetness index), and associated metals distribution may be used as an indicator of animal grazing preference. Overall, soil nutrient distribution patterns drove grazing response, although animal grazing preference was also influenced by aboveground (forage and tree), soil, and landscape attributes. Machine learning approaches helped explain pasture use and overall drivers of grazing preference in a multifunctional system.
How Perceived Adequacy of Open Public Space Is Related to Objective Green Space and Individuals’ Opinions of Area-Level Quality
Authors: Barlow Peter , Lyons Sean , Nolan Anne
Published: August 2021

There is substantial evidence of links between green spaces and better health status. However, the ways in which green space are measured are varied, including both objective and subjective measures. This paper examines factors associated with individuals’ perceiving a lack of open public space, including the objective quantity of green space and wider problems in the area. This is analysed using a combination of principal component analysis and logistic regression. We use data from the Healthy Ireland Survey 2016, a cross sectional survey of over 7000 adults in Ireland. The results suggest that objective green space has a significant negative association with whether an individual perceives a problem with lack of open public space. The analysis also reveals that area safety, area cleanliness, and area service provision are important factors explaining perceived adequacy of open public space. The findings of this analysis have implications for the methods by which researchers and policymakers measure and analyse green space in an area.
Optimal Trajectory Synthesis for Spacecraft Asteroid Rendezvous
Authors: Vepa Ranjan , Shaheed M. Hasan
Published: August 2021

Several researchers are considering the plausibility of being able to rapidly launch a mission to an asteroid, which would fly in close proximity of the asteroid to deliver an impulse in a particular direction so as to deflect the asteroid from its current orbit. Planetary motion, in general, and the motion of asteroids, in particular, are subject to planetary influences that are characterised by a kind of natural symmetry, which results in an asteroid orbiting in a stable and periodic or almost periodic orbit exhibiting a number of natural orbital symmetries. Tracking and following an asteroid, in close proximity, is the subject of this paper. In this paper, the problem of synthesizing an optimal trajectory to a NEO such as an asteroid is considered. A particular strategy involving the optimization of a co-planar trajectory segment that permits the satellite to approach and fly alongside the asteroid is chosen. Two different state space representations of the Hill–Clohessy–Wiltshire (HCW) linearized equations of relative motion are used to obtain optimal trajectories for a spacecraft approaching an asteroid. It is shown that by using a state space representation of HCW equations where the secular states are explicitly represented, the optimal trajectories are not only synthesized rapidly but also result in lower magnitudes of control inputs which must be applied continuously over extended periods of time. Thus, the solutions obtained are particularly suitable for low thrust control of the satellites orbit which can be realized by electric thrusters.
Analytical Estimation of Data-Motivated Time-Dependent Disease Transmission Rate: An Application to Ebola and Selected Public Health Problems
Authors: Mubayi Anuj , Pandey Abhishek , Brasic Christine , Mubayi Anamika , Ghosh Parijat , Ghosh Aditi
Published: August 2021

Obtaining reasonable estimates for transmission rates from observed data is a challenge when using mathematical models to study the dynamics of ?infectious? diseases, like Ebola. Most models assume the transmission rate of a contagion either does not vary over time or change in a fixed pre-determined adhoc ways. However, these rates do vary during an outbreak due to multitude of factors such as environmental conditions, social behaviors, and public-health interventions deployed to control the disease, which are in-part guided by changing size of an outbreak. We derive analytical estimates of time-dependent transmission rate for an epidemic in terms of either incidence or prevalence using a standard mathematical SIR-type epidemic model. We illustrate applicability of our method by applying data on various public health problems, including infectious diseases (Ebola, SARS, and Leishmaniasis) and social issues (obesity and alcohol drinking) to compute transmission rates over time. We show that time-dependent transmission rate estimates can have a large variation, depending on the type of available data and other epidemiological parameters. Time-dependent estimation of transmission rates captures the dynamics of the problem better and can be utilized to understand disease progression more accurately.
Relativistic Cosmology with an Introduction to Inflation
Authors: Mughal Muhammad Zahid , Ahmad Iftikhar , García Guirao Juan Luis
Published: August 2021

In this review article, the study of the development of relativistic cosmology and the introduction of inflation in it as an exponentially expanding early phase of the universe is carried out. We study the properties of the standard cosmological model developed in the framework of relativistic cosmology and the geometric structure of spacetime connected coherently with it. The geometric properties of space and spacetime ingrained into the standard model of cosmology are investigated in addition. The big bang model of the beginning of the universe is based on the standard model which succumbed to failure in explaining the flatness and the large-scale homogeneity of the universe as demonstrated by observational evidence. These cosmological problems were resolved by introducing a brief acceleratedly expanding phase in the very early universe known as inflation. The cosmic inflation by setting the initial conditions of the standard big bang model resolves these problems of the theory. We discuss how the inflationary paradigm solves these problems by proposing the fast expansion period in the early universe. Further inflation and dark energy in fR modified gravity are also reviewed.
Cytomegalovirus Serostatus and Functional Impairment in Liver Transplant Recipients in the Current Era
Authors: Singh Nina , Wagener Marilyn M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Whether donor (D+) or recipient (R+) cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with functional impairment in liver transplant recipients is not known. Methods: Patients included adult liver transplant recipients in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database transplanted over a five-year period from 1 January 2014–31 December 2018. Functional status in the database was assessed using Karnofsky performance scale. A logistic regression model that controlled for potential confounders was used to examine the association of CMV serostatus and functional status. Variables significantly associated with functional status (p < 0.05) were then used to develop propensity score and propensity score matched analysis was conducted where each patient was compared with a matched-control with the same propensity score. Results: Among 30,267 adult liver transplant recipients, D+ or R+ patients had significantly lower functional status at last follow-up than the D-R- cohort (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.96, p = 0.007). In propensity score matched model, D+ or R+ patients had significantly lower functional status than matched-controls (p = 0.009). D+ or R+ CMV serostatus (p = 0.018) and low functional level (p < 0.001) were also independently associated with infections as cause-of-death. Conclusions: D+ or R+ liver transplant recipients had lower functional status and higher risk of deaths due to infections. Future studies are warranted to examine the mechanistic basis of these findings in the setting of transplantation.
Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma in a White African Lioness (Panthera leo)
Authors: van der Weyden Louise , Caldwell Peter , van Rooyen Liesl , Mitchell Emily P. , O’Dell Nicolize
Published: August 2021

Malignant melanomas tend to be locally destructive, aggressive tumours commonly associated with recurrence and/or metastasis. In this report, a 13-year-old captive white African lioness (Panthera leo), with a recent history of intermittent bouts of lethargy and inappetence, presented with a distended abdomen (due to ascites) and a small, round crusty lesion on the ear. An abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of masses on the liver and an exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple pale lesions on the liver and omentum. Histopathology revealed sheets of pleomorphic neoplastic cells compressing the non-neoplastic liver tissue. Similar neoplastic cells had multifocally expanded and effaced omentum adipose tissue, as well as formed a well-circumscribed mass in the ear sample, extending from close to the epidermis to the lateral and deep margins of the section. All three tissue samples had a high mitotic index (15 per 10 HPF), and critically, in the ear sample, there were rafts of neoplastic cells in the lymphatics, indicating lymphovascular invasion. Immunohistochemistry for the melanoma marker, PNL-2, showed strong positivity in all three tissue samples. Thus, the diagnosis was of malignant melanoma with metastasis to the liver and omentum. This is the first report of metastatic cutaneous melanoma in a lion.
Topical issues in preventing HIV infection in children
Authors: Silinskaya Olga Vasilievna , Kropotova Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the prevention of HIV infection in children and adolescents.
Theoretical basis of organization of nursing in maternal aid service of Kazakhstan
Authors: Trunova-Feduleeva Natalya Viktorovna , Karaseva Larisa Arkadyevna
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the organization of nursing practice in the Regional Perinatal Center SE on REM with the determination of the prospects for its development in the future. Results: an assessment of the satisfaction of nursing staff with work and the team, satisfaction of patients with the provision of medical care was carried out, the prospects for the development of the nursing service of the perinatal center were formulated. Conclusion: The nursing staff of the perinatal center pays great attention to the acquisition by a woman of practical skills in caring for a newborn, hygiene of the postpartum period. Nursing staff play a pivotal role in the obstetric organization in achieving strategic objectives.
Motivation of nursing personnel in a primary care medical organization (primary healthcare)
Authors: Kuspanova Tolkyn Arystangalievna , Dvoinikov Sergey Ivanovich
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study the theoretical and methodological foundations of motivation in the professional activity of nurses and its impact on improving the efficiency of the polyclinic and the degree of patient satisfaction with the organization of primary health care. Results: the role and importance of labor stimulation in increasing the efficiency of the organization’s activities were considered, an analysis and assessment of the motivation of the labor activity of nurses was carried out, the main directions of improving the motivation of the labor of nurses and the efficiency of the polyclinic were developed. Conclusion: a properly developed effective functioning of the system of motivation and stimulation of labor in outpatient clinics will increase labor productivity, which will positively affect the performance of a medical institution and increase the level of team cohesion.
Improvement of the professional orientation system, adaptation and promotion of nursing staff in medical organization
Authors: Timinskaya Natalya Viktorovna , Karaseva Larisa Arkadyevna
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study is to improve the system of vocational guidance, adaptation and promotion of nursing personnel in a medical organization. Results: an assessment was made of the organization of vocational guidance, factors affecting labor adaptation, the conditions necessary for promotion up the career ladder and the role of a senior nurse in all designated areas. Conclusion: The personnel management system implies, first of all, a well-functioning procedure for the entry of new employees into the organization, which allows to reduce material costs, time costs, staff turnover, psycho-emotional stress. The formation of a positive attitude of new employees to work, in the future, is influenced by a conscious choice of profession (professional orientation) and the possibility of career advancement.
Assessment of the conditions for the introduction of modern nursing technologies on the example of the surgical department of the state budgetary healthcare institution of Samara region «Togliatti city clinical hospital NO. 1»
Authors: Burlova Natalya Gennadievna , Gerbel Natalya Nikolaevna
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study was to substantiate a model for assessing the conditions for the introduction of modern nursing technologies in a medical organization. Results. It has been established that the criteria for assessing the conditions can be the theoretical and practical preparedness of the medical staff of the department, the presence of a system and the results of continuous professional development of specialists, the motivation of specialists to innovate. Mathematical modeling was used as a method for assessing conditions. Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the conditions, expressed as an integral value, made it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the most important driving force behind the introduction of innovations — the staff of a medical organization. The developed model made it possible, at the stage of making a decision on the introduction of an innovation, to determine the level of knowledge and practical skills of working specialists, evaluate this component using relative values, and identify a shortcoming in the practical training of a specialist. To study the level of professional development of a specialist using the developed model for assessing CPD. Assess, using psychological techniques, the readiness of the team to innovate. As part of our study, it was revealed that the individual integral indicators of three specialists are above the boundary value and are the driving force, the indicators of ten people are within the limits between the boundary values. These specialists are almost ready to innovate. The values of the integral indicators of 6 specialists are in the negative zone, the indicators of three people from the entire group are located below the boundary values. Thus, in this team, 18 % of specialists can slow down the process of introducing innovations.
The influence of mineral granulated complex on milk productivity and quality indicators of cows’ milk
Authors: Nikolaev S. I. , Randelin D. A. , Kostomakhin N. M. , Batrakova Yu. M. , Arstanov K. S. , Ionov V. V. , Kupriyanov S. N.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the use of rations for freshly calved cows during the increasing the milk yield period with the use of new mineral granulated complexes produced by Uralchem LLC. The results of research on the replacement of the mineral part of the vitamin and mineral premix in the rations of lactating cows with the mineral granular complex developed according to two recipes have been presented in the article. Research has shown that cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups during the experiment period gave more milk than their herdmates from the control group by 70,8 (P ≥ 0,95) and 106,2 kg (P ≥ 0,95). Due to the higher milk yield of animals that consumed the granulated complex, the yield of milk fat was greater than that of the control analogues by 3,21 (P ≥ 0,95) and 5,17 kg (P ≥ 0,95), protein by 2,70 and 4,30 kg (P ≥ 0,95). The milk yield of cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups for 305 days of lactation was higher than in the control group, respectively, by 205,3 (P ≥ 0,95) and 296,8 kg (P ≥ 0,95). In the milk of cows that consumed the granulated complex, there was a tendency for a higher content of dry matter (0,09 and 0,16 %), lactose (0,01 and 0,06 %), nonfat milk solids (0,09 and 0,07 %), ash (0,05 and 0,05 %) in comparison with analogues from the control group. A similar trend has been established between groups of cows in terms of milk density, acidity and rennet coagulability. The revenue from the sale of milk produced from cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was more than in the control group for the experimental period (120 days) by 2074,6 and 3344,0 rubles and for the 305 days of lactation by 7055,4 and 9950,6 rubles.
«Cloud» diplomacy as a trend in the era of a pandemic: the experience of Italy
Authors: Tabarintsevа-Romanova K.M.
Published: August 2021

2020 became a turning point for many spheres of life, and diplomatic activity was no exception. In the conditions of «closed» borders, diplomatic offi cers had to look for new forms of interaction. The result of such searches was the phenomenon of «cloud» diplomacy, as one of the subspecies of digital diplomacy. As the analysis of the conducted research has shown, even among diplomats there is no consensus on the digitalization of foreign policy. On the one hand, it allows you to reduce the fi nancial and time costs for «live» meetings and speed up the discussion and resolution of operational issues; on the other hand, such virtual communication does not allow «catching the true mood» of the interlocutor and limits his ability to collect additional information. Based on the study of the information presented on the offi cial websites of the President, the government and the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs for the period from 01.03.2020 to 31.12.2020, we came to the following conclusions: 1) digitalization has fi rmly entered the arsenal of means of implementing foreign policy activities; 2) «cloud» diplomacy allows you to discuss a wide range of topical issues; 3) «cloud» diplomacy has not become a priority tool in the work of diplomats; those. it has a utilitarian character, not a value-semantic one. At the same time, the introduction of digital means of communication into circulation made it possible to more actively involve non-state actors in the process of foreign policy interaction: non-profi t organizations, individuals, etc. In addition, the digitalization process forced offi cial institutions and politicians to actively use social networks in their daily activities as a tool for direct communication with society. Summing up, we note that the isolation regime all over the world has provoked a real «boom» in the fi eld of digital communications, which have become an integral part of international relations in the paradigm of the new «normality».
Türk Eğitim Politikalarında Sosyal Adalet ve Eşitlik
Authors: ÇAM TOSUN Figen
Published: August 2021

Neoliberal politikaların ekonomik ve sosyal alanlarda yarattığı dönüşümle birlikte oluşan toplumsal eşitsizlikler, sosyal adalet ve eşitlik tartışmalarını körüklemiştir. Dünyanın çoğunda, bir çocuğun aldığı eğitimin miktarı ve kalitesi büyük ölçüde ebeveynlerinin gelir düzeyi tarafından belirlenmektedir. Bu nedenle devlet okullarının amacı bütün çocuklara ebeveynlerinin gelir düzeyinden etkilenmeden nitelikli ve istedikleri kadar eğitimi parasız, ayrımcılığa uğramadan, planlı ve bilimsel bir şekilde sunmaktır. Ancak dünyanın çoğunda bu, tam anlamıyla başarılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada Türk eğitim politikalarının ulusal norm ve standartlarının sosyal adalet ve eşitlik konusunda nasıl bir görünüşe sahip olduğu ele alınmıştır. Ulusal norm ve standartlar Millî Eğitim İstatistiklerine, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verilerine ve alanyazındaki araştırmaların bulgularına göre incelenmiştir. İlk olarak eğitim politikalarının yasal temelleri sosyal adalet ve eşitlik çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Daha sonra eğitim politikalarının uygulamadaki halleri sosyal adaletin dağıtıcı, tanıyıcı ve katılımcı boyutlarında çözümlenmiştir. Anayasadan başlayarak eğitim sistemini düzenleyen kanunlarda, yönetmeliklerde, ülkenin kalkınma planlarında yani üst yasal metinlerde sosyal adalet ve eşitlikle ilgili doğrudan ya da dolaylı pek çok maddeye rastlamak mümkündür. Dağıtıcı adalet kapsamında uygulamalar ele alındığında MEB bütçesinin önceki yıllara göre artış gösterdiği ancak zorunlu eğitim kapsamındaki okullara ve ihtiyaçlarına yeterince payın ayrılmadığı görülmektedir. Tanıyıcı adalet kapsamında uygulamalar ele alındığında MEB dezavantajlı gruplarda yer alan öğrencilerin okula erişimi için taşımalı eğitim; özel eğitime gereksinim duyan öğrenciler için, kaynaştırma eğitimi ve destek odaları gibi gereksinim duydukları hizmetleri sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Ancak araştırmalardan ve ulusal veri tabanlarından elde edilen veriler uygulamaların yetersiz kaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Katılımcı adalet kapsamında demokrasi eğitimi ya da öğrenci katılımı konusunda MEB tarafından çeşitli adımlar atıldığı görülmektedir. Ancak bu konuda da yeterli bir seviyeye ulaşılamadığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca eğitimde sosyal adaleti ve eşitliği sağlamaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
El impuesto sobre nóminas en nuevo león: fundamento para una iniciativa de reforma a través de su análisis sustantivo / The payroll tax in nuevo león, méxico: basis for a reform initiative through its substantive analysis
Authors: Cruz Adriana Verónica Hinojosa , Olmedo Eduardo Rivas
Published: August 2021

En 2013, se incrementó en un 50% la tasa del impuesto sobre nóminas en Nuevo León, México. Esta reforma ocasionó descontentó en el sector empresarial debido a que el impuesto grava el gasto en nóminas y la carga impositiva recae directamente en el empleador. La discusión se genera debido a que existen otros aspectos no considerados que podrían promover el incremento de la recaudación sin afectar los costos de la nómina y derivado de esto, la generación de empleo. La presente investigación pretende fundamentar la posibilidad de disminuir la tasa del impuesto sin afectar la recaudación a través de otros mecanismos como el dictamen fiscal y la figura de retención para promover el cumplimiento fiscal. Para tal efecto, en el documento se presentan los antecedentes del impuesto, el esquema del mismo en Nuevo León, los resultados en su recaudación y fiscalización y la determinación del potencial recaudatorio en la entidad. Al final, se presenta una propuesta de reforma del impuesto.
Fatores socioeconômicos associados ao rendimento no mercado de trabalho rural no Nordeste / Socioeconomic factors associated with income in the rural labor market in the Northeast
Authors: Ciro Paulo Marcos dos Reis , Albino Pablo Murta Baião
Published: August 2021

Dada importância do capital humano para o desenvolvimento de um país ou região, cabe salientar a diversidade regional brasileira no que tange ao mercado de trabalho rural.  A região do Nordeste conta com metade da população ocupada em atividades agrícolas e apresenta fatores socioeconômicos insatisfatórios comparando com as demais regiões. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa buscou identificar os fatores associados ao mercado de trabalho rural no Brasil e especificamente, para a região do Nordeste. O trabalho tem como hipótese central a especificidade do Nordeste rural, em especial a baixa escolaridade, afeta negatividade os rendimentos. Para isso, utilizou os microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2004 a 2012. Empregando o método de pseudo painel, utilizando coortes de idade, sexo e raça, para reduzir o possível viés dos estimadores decorrente do problema de endogeneidade entre rendimento e escolaridade. Os resultados mostraram que o retorno à educação no Nordeste é inferior às demais regiões do país, confirmando as expectativas iniciais. Ainda, cabe salientar as especificidades de cada Estado que compõe esta região. Por fim, conclui-se que, dadas as diferenças de dinâmica do mercado de trabalho do Nordeste, além de outras especificidades de outras naturezas, é importante que pesquisas futuras e políticas públicas levem em consideração as particularidades da região.
A Rare Case of Purtscher’s Retinopathy Seen in RTA Patient
Authors: Mon Aye Myat , Rajbhandari Yogita , Rajbhandari Sudeep , Bajimaya Sanyam
Published: July 2021

Purtscher's retinopathy was described by German Ophthalmologist Otmar Purtscher in 1910. It is an occlusive microvascular retinopathy caused by trauma such as head injury, thoracic compressive injury or long bone fractures.1Without history of trauma, it can also be due to systemic disease like acute pancreatitis, renal failure, lymphoproliferative disorder, valsalva maneuver, fat embolism syndrome or autoimmune diseases and they present with similar retinal findings and it is called Purtscher like retinopathy.
Peran Gereja dalam Memberdayakan Penyandang Disabilitas di Gereja Toraja Jemaat Kaero
Authors: Devi Devi , Ivan Ivan , Rumbi Frans Paillin
Published: July 2021

Abstract : This paper explains congregation understanding about people with disabilities and how the church empowers them. This paper using a qualitative method with the inductive approach—data sources from literature research, observations, and interviews. The findings of this research are people with disabilities were very difficult to accept the situation. However, the people with disabilities can rise and think positively after getting mentoring from church. Chruch assembly to organize service programs like material help and pastoral care, and then empowers. Now, people with disabilities will be getting self-sufficient and participate in serving the church.
 
Keywords: service, church, empowerment, and disability
 
Abstrak : Tulisan ini bermaksud menjelaskan pemahaman jemat tentang penyandang disabilitas serta bagaimana gereja memberdayakan para penyandang disabilitas. Data-data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakan, observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penyandang disabilitas awalnya sulit untuk menerima keadaannya. Akan tetapi mereka dapat bangkit dan berpikir positif karena mendapat pendampingan dari gereja. Majelis gereja menggiatkan program diakonia baik berupa bantuan materi, pendampingan pastoral dan pemberdayaan. Kini penyandang disabilitas mulai menjadi pribadi yang mandiri dan terlibat aktif dalam pelayanan.
 
Kata kunci: Diakonia, Gereja, Pemberdayaan dan Penyandang Disabilitas