bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strain Partitioning in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau From Kinematic Modeling of High‐Resolution Sentinel‐1 InSAR and GNSS
Authors: Fang Jin , Wright Tim J. , Johnson Kaj M. , Ou Qi , Styron Richard , Craig Tim J. , Elliott John R. , Hooper Andy , Zheng Gang
Published: October 2024

Fault slip rates estimated from geodetic data are being integrated into seismic hazard models. The standard approach requires modeling velocities and relative (micro‐)plate motions, which is challenging for fault‐based models. We present a new approach to directly invert strain rates to solve for slip rates and distributed strain simultaneously. We generate velocity and strain rate fields over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, utilizing Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data spanning 2014–2023. We derive slip rates using block modeling and by inverting strain rates. Our results show a partitioning between localized strain on faults and distributed deformation. The direct inversion of strain rates matches the geodetic data best when incorporating distributed moment sources, accounting for a similar proportion to on‐fault sources. The direct strain methodology also aligns best with the independent geological slip rates, especially near fault tips. As high‐resolution strain rate fields become increasingly available, we recommend direct inversion as the preferred practice.
Plasmoids and Magnetic Field Dipolarizations During Juno's First 47 Orbits: Is Ion Acceleration Always Observed in the Dipolarizations?
Authors: Blöcker A. , Kronberg E. A. , Grigorenko E. E. , Ebert R. W. , Clark G.
Published: October 2024

Plasmoids and magnetic field dipolarizations are reconnection‐related phenomena often resulting in reconfiguration of the magnetic field and energetic particle acceleration in planetary magnetotail. Building on the work of Blöcker et al. (2023) (10.1029/2023JA031312), we selected seven specific events from their magnetic field dipolarization analysis, each exhibiting distinct ion dynamics during the time interval of the magnetic field dipolarizations. To gain further insights into the understanding why certain events were associated with ion intensity variations while others were not, we analyzed plasma moments, specifically ion flow velocity and density, for these selected events. Our findings revealed that certain magnetic field dipolarizations within our database exhibit sub‐Alfvénic flows and lack the properties typically associated with reconnection‐related magnetic field dipolarizations. These magnetic field dipolarizations also do not accelerate ions. Furthermore, we present a survey of Jovian plasmoids and magnetic field dipolarizations during the first 47 orbits of Juno. Applying Juno magnetic field data, we identified 119 magnetic field dipolarizations and 94 plasmoids within a local time range of 18:00–06:00. The majority of plasmoids were detected in the predawn sector, whereas magnetic field dipolarizations were observed closer to Jupiter and were not limited to a specific local time. Combining the statistics of plasmoids and dipolarizations is useful for contextualizing them within the framework of reconnection.
Blood biomarkers of neuronal injury and astrocytic reactivity in electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Sigström Robert , Göteson Andreas , Joas Erik , Pålsson Erik , Liberg Benny , Nordenskjöld Axel , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Landén Mikael
Published: October 2024

Despite electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) being recognized as an effective treatment for major depressive episodes (MDE), its application is subject to controversy due to concerns over cognitive side effects. The pathophysiology of these side effects is not well understood. Here, we examined the effects of ECT on blood-based biomarkers of neuronal injury and astrocytic reactivity. Participants with a major depressive episode (N = 99) underwent acute ECT. Blood was sampled just before (T0) and 30 min after (T1) the first ECT session, as well as just before the sixth session (T2; 48–72 h after the fifth session). Age- and sex-matched controls (N = 99) were recruited from the general population. Serum concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NfL), total tau protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured with ultrasensitive single-molecule array assays. Utilizing generalized least squares regression, we compared baseline (T0) biomarker concentrations against those of our control group, and calculated the shifts in serum biomarker concentrations from baseline to immediately post-first ECT session (T1), and prior to the sixth session (T2). Baseline analysis revealed that serum levels of NfL (p < 0.001) and tau (p = 0.036) were significantly elevated in ECT recipients compared with controls, whereas GFAP levels showed no significant difference. Relative to T0, serum NfL concentration neither changed at T1 (mean change 3.1%, 95%CI −0.5% to 6.7%, p = 0.088) nor at T2 (mean change −3.2%, 95%CI −7.6% to 1.5%, p = 0.18). Similarly, no change in total tau was observed (mean change 3.7%, 95%CI −11.6% to 21.7%, p = 0.65). GFAP increased from T0 to T1 (mean change 20.3%, 95%CI 14.6 to 26.3%, p < 0.001), but not from T0 to T2 (mean change −0.7%, 95%CI −5.8% to 4.8%, p = 0.82). In conclusion, our findings suggest that ECT induces a temporary increase in serum GFAP, possibly reflecting transient astrocytic activation. Importantly, we observed no indicators of neuronal damage or long-term elevation in any assessed biomarker.
Improvements to mood, stress and loneliness following 12-week multivitamin supplementation in older adults: a randomised, placebo-controlled, trial
Authors: Docherty Sarah , Wetherell Mark A. , McInnes Lynn , Haskell-Ramsay Crystal. F.
Published: October 2024

Background

Research has indicated the potential for multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplementation to improve aspects of wellbeing and cognitive function in older adults via a range of biological mechanisms. However, outside of cognitive function and mood, this research rarely assesses other outcomes that are pertinent to the daily lives of older adults. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a MVM supplement on meaningful outcomes of everyday functioning in older adults.

Methods

This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups trial investigated the effects of 12-week MVM supplementation on measures of wellbeing, mood, and memory; physical health and activity; and social interaction and loneliness. Outcomes were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks in a sample of 228 (124 female) older adults ( > 70 years).

Results

MVM supplementation had no effect on the primary outcome of wellbeing (p = 0.29 in males, p = 0.421 in females), but led to increased feelings of friendliness in females (p = 0.045). In males, following MVM, there were lower levels of prolonged stress reactivity (p = 0.007), lower overall stress reactivity (p = 0.019), and lower emotional loneliness (p = 0.042).

Conclusion

This study provides novel evidence of increased friendliness and decreased stress reactivity and loneliness following MVM supplementation in older adults. These findings support the exploration of broader functions pertinent to aspects of daily living in older adults. Sex differences in response highlight the importance of exploring effects in men and women separately and support a recommendation for the inclusion of diverse samples in future research that are representative of the population.
Arabidopsis HAK5 under low K+ availability operates as PMF powered high-affinity K+ transporter
Authors: Maierhofer Tobias , Scherzer Sönke , Carpaneto Armando , Müller Thomas D. , Pardo Jose M. , Hänelt Inga , Geiger Dietmar , Hedrich Rainer
Published: October 2024

Plants can survive in soils of low micromolar potassium (K+) concentrations. Root K+ intake is accomplished by the K+ channel AKT1 and KUP/HAK/KT type high-affinity K+ transporters. Arabidopsis HAK5 mutants impaired in low K+ acquisition have been identified already more than two decades ago, the molecular mechanism, however, is still a matter of debate also because of lack of direct measurements of HAK5-mediated K+ currents. When we expressed AtHAK5 in Xenopus oocytes together with CBL1/CIPK23, no inward currents were elicited in sufficient K+ media. Under low K+ and inward-directed proton motive force (PMF), the inward K+ current increased indicating that HAK5 energetically couples the uphill transport of K+ to the downhill flux of H+. At extracellular K+ concentrations above 25 μM, the initial rise in current was followed by a concentration-graded inactivation. When we replaced Tyr450 in AtHAK5 to Ala the K+ affinity strongly decreased, indicating that AtHAK5 position Y450 holds a key for K+ sensing and transport. When the soil K+ concentration drops toward the range that thermodynamically cannot be covered by AKT1, the AtHAK5 K+/H+ symporter progressively takes over K+ nutrition. Therefore, optimizing K+ use efficiency of crops, HAK5 could be key for low K+ tolerant agriculture.
European pollen reanalysis, 1980–2022, for alder, birch, and olive
Authors: Sofiev Mikhail , Palamarchuk Julia , Kouznetsov Rostislav , Abramidze Tamuna , Adams-Groom Beverley , Antunes Célia M. , Ariño Arturo H. , Bastl Maximilian , Belmonte Jordina , Berger Uwe E. , Bonini Maira , Bruffaerts Nicolas , Buters Jeroen , Cariñanos Paloma , Celenk Sevcan , Ceriotti Valentina , Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Clewlow Yolanda , Clot Bernard , Dahl Aslog , Damialis Athanasios , De Linares Concepción , De Weger Letty A. , Dirr Lukas , Ekebom Agneta , Fatahi Yalda , Fernández González María , Fernández González Delia , Fernández-Rodríguez Santiago , Galán Carmen , Gedda Björn , Gehrig Regula , Geller Bernstein Carmi , Gonzalez Roldan Nestor , Grewling Lukasz , Hajkova Lenka , Hänninen Risto , Hentges François , Jantunen Juha , Kadantsev Evgeny , Kasprzyk Idalia , Kloster Mathilde , Kluska Katarzyna , Koenders Mieke , Lafférsová Janka , Leru Poliana Mihaela , Lipiec Agnieszka , Louna-Korteniemi Maria , Magyar Donát , Majkowska-Wojciechowska Barbara , Mäkelä Mika , Mitrovic Mirjana , Myszkowska Dorota , Oliver Gilles , Östensson Pia , Pérez-Badia Rosa , Piotrowska-Weryszko Krystyna , Prank Marje , Przedpelska-Wasowicz Ewa Maria , Pätsi Sanna , Rajo F. Javier Rodríguyez , Ramfjord Hallvard , Rapiejko Joanna , Rodinkova Victoria , Rojo Jesús , Ruiz-Valenzuela Luis , Rybnicek Ondrej , Saarto Annika , Sauliene Ingrida , Seliger Andreja Kofol , Severova Elena , Shalaboda Valentina , Sikoparija Branko , Siljamo Pilvi , Soares Joana , Sozinova Olga , Stangel Anders , Stjepanović Barbara , Teinemaa Erik , Tyuryakov Svyatoslav , Trigo M. Mar , Uppstu Andreas , Vill Mart , Vira Julius , Visez Nicolas , Vitikainen Tiina , Vokou Despoina , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Karppinen Ari
Published: October 2024

The dataset presents a 43 year-long reanalysis of pollen seasons for three major allergenic genera of trees in Europe: alder (Alnus), birch (Betula), and olive (Olea). Driven by the meteorological reanalysis ERA5, the atmospheric composition model SILAM predicted the flowering period and calculated the Europe-wide dispersion pattern of pollen for the years 1980–2022. The model applied an extended 4-dimensional variational data assimilation of in-situ observations of aerobiological networks in 34 European countries to reproduce the inter-annual variability and trends of pollen production and distribution. The control variable of the assimilation procedure was the total pollen release during each flowering season, implemented as an annual correction factor to the mean pollen production. The dataset was designed as an input to studies on climate-induced and anthropogenically driven changes in the European vegetation, biodiversity monitoring, bioaerosol modelling and assessment, as well as, in combination with intra-seasonal observations, for health-related applications.
Energy dataset of Frontier supercomputer for waste heat recovery
Authors: Sun Jian , Gao Zhiming , Grant David , Nawaz Kashif , Wang Pengtao , Yang Cheng-Min , Boudreaux Philip , Kowalski Stephen , Huff Shean
Published: October 2024

The Hewlett Packard Enterprise–Cray EX Frontier is the world’s first and fastest exascale supercomputer, hosted at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility in Tennessee, United States. Frontier is a significant electricity consumer, drawing 8–30 MW; this massive energy demand produces significant waste heat, requiring extensive cooling measures. Although harnessing this waste heat for campus heating is a sustainability goal at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the 30 °C–38 °C waste heat temperature poses compatibility issues with standard HVAC systems. Heat pump systems, prevalent in residential settings and some industries, can efficiently upgrade low-quality heat to usable energy for buildings. Thus, heat pump technology powered by renewable electricity offers an efficient, cost-effective solution for substantial waste heat recovery. However, a major challenge is the absence of benchmark data on high-performance computing (HPC) heat generation and waste heat profiles. This paper reports power demand and waste heat measurements from an ORNL HPC data centre, aiming to guide future research on optimizing waste heat recovery in large-scale data centres, especially those of HPC calibre.
Thiosulfate leaching in carbonaceous gold-bearing ores in Ethiopia
Authors: Chaka Kaleb Jia , Rupprecht Steven M.
Published: October 2024

One of the main unit operations in metallurgical processing plant designs is gold leaching. The traditional cyanidation process was chosen and is currently in widespread use. However, the mining sector is looking for lixiviants other than cyanide. Cyanide’s effects on the environment have made it difficult for humans and other biotic creatures to survive. There is now research to discover a substitute for this cyanide. It is currently argued that thiosulfate is a preferable substitute for cyanide. The effectiveness of thiosulfate as a leaching agent in carbonaceous gold-bearing ores in Ethiopia is discussed in this paper compared to cyanide. The study has looked into the advantages of employing thiosulfate over cyanide from a technical, and economic standpoint. The leaching effects of both lixiviants on carbonaceous gold-bearing ores extracted from MIDROC Legadembi Open Pit mine in Southern Ethiopia, Oromia region, were examined in a laboratory experiment. After 48 h of leaching, it was discovered that thiosulfate has a better and quicker recovery of 91.54% over 61.70% of cyanide recovery. Tables and graphs are used to demonstrate thiosulfate’s technical advantage over cyanide. As a result, this paper provides evidence regarding the Legadembi gold mine in Ethiopia’s amenability to thiosulfate leaching on carbonaceous gold-bearing ores. A further research perspective is also sought for thiosulfate leaching in other refractory ores.
Synergistic effects of thermally reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide composite material on microbial infection for wound healing applications
Authors: Hassen A. , Moawed E. A. , Bahy Rehab , El Basaty A. B. , El-Sayed S. , Ali Ahmed I. , Tayel A.
Published: October 2024

Infections originating from pathogenic microorganisms can significantly impede the natural wound-healing process. To address this obstacle, innovative bio-active nanomaterials have been developed to enhance antibacterial capabilities. This study focuses on the preparation of nanocomposites from thermally reduced graphene oxide and zinc oxide (TRGO/ZnO). The hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize these nanocomposites, and their physicochemical properties were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. Subsequently, the potential of TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites as bio-active materials against wound infection-causing bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, was evaluated. Furthermore, the investigated samples show disrupted bacterial biofilm formation. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was conducted to investigate the mechanism of nanocomposite inhibition against bacteria and for further in-vivo determination of antimicrobial activity. The MTT assay was performed to ensure the safety and biocompatibility of nanocomposite. The results suggest that TRGO/ZnO nanocomposites have the potential to serve as effective bio-active nanomaterials for combating pathogenic microorganisms present in wounds.
Advanced maternal age affects their frozen-thawed embryo susceptibility to high oxygen environment
Authors: Predheepan Dhakshanya , Salian Sujith Raj , Uppangala Shubhashree , Kalthur Guruprasad , Kovačič Borut , Adiga Satish Kumar
Published: October 2024

Preimplantation embryos can experience stress from laboratory interventions and a sub-optimal culture environment. Though research has demonstrated advanced maternal age impairs oocyte quality, the response of embryos derived from such oocytes to vitrification-thawing and culture in a high oxygen (O2) environment in the assisted reproductive technology laboratory is unknown. Therefore, in this study, embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) using oocytes from two- and eight-month-old Swiss albino mice were vitrified and thawed during their 6–8 cell stage. and cultured at low oxygen (5%) tension (LOT) and high oxygen (20%) tension (HOT). Embryo development, apoptosis, inner cell mass (ICM) outgrowth proliferation ability in vitro and pluripotency were assessed. Embryos from advanced maternal age cultured at HOT showed reduced fertilizing ability (p < 0.05), poor survival post-thawing (p < 0.05), and increased apoptosis (p < 0.01) in comparison to sibling embryos cultured at LOT. Importantly, the extended culture of vitrified-thawed embryos from advanced maternal age led to a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in complete ICM outgrowth formation at HOT in comparison to the LOT environment. The findings of this study suggest that HOT is detrimental to embryos from advanced maternal age, and importantly, vitrified-thawed embryos are more susceptible to stress, which could have negative implications, especially during the peri-implantation developmental period.
Records reveal the vast historical extent of European oyster reef ecosystems
Authors: Thurstan Ruth H. , McCormick Hannah , Preston Joanne , Ashton Elizabeth C. , Bennema Floris P. , Cetinić Ana Bratoš , Brown Janet H. , Cameron Tom C. , da Costa Fiz , Donnan David W. , Ewers Christine , Fortibuoni Tomaso , Galimany Eve , Giovanardi Otello , Grancher Romain , Grech Daniele , Hayden-Hughes Maria , Helmer Luke , Jensen K. Thomas , Juanes José A. , Latchford Janie , Moore Alec B. M. , Moutopoulos Dimitrios K. , Nielsen Pernille , von Nordheim Henning , Ondiviela Bárbara , Peter Corina , Pogoda Bernadette , Poulsen Bo , Pouvreau Stéphane , Roberts Callum M. , Scherer Cordula , Smaal Aad C. , Smyth David , Strand Åsa , Theodorou John A. , zu Ermgassen Philine S. E.
Published: October 2024

Anthropogenic activities have impacted marine ecosystems at extraordinary scales. Biogenic reef ecosystems built by the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) typically declined before scientific monitoring. The past form and extent of these habitats thus remains unknown, with such information potentially providing valuable perspectives for current management and policy. Collating >1,600 records published over 350 years, we created a map of historical oyster reef presence at the resolution of 10 km2 across its biogeographic range, including documenting abundant reef habitats along the coasts of France, Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Spatial extent data were available from just 26% of locations yet totalled >1.7 million hectares (median reef size = 29.9 ha, range 0.01–1,536,000 ha), with 190 associated macrofauna species from 13 phyla described. Our analysis demonstrates that oyster reefs were once a dominant three-dimensional feature of European coastlines, with their loss pointing to a fundamental restructuring and ‘flattening’ of coastal and shallow-shelf seafloors. This unique empirical record demonstrates the highly degraded nature of European seas and provides key baseline context for international restoration commitments.
Stimulus duration encoding occurs early in the moth olfactory pathway
Authors: Barta Tomas , Monsempès Christelle , Demondion Elodie , Chatterjee Abhishek , Kostal Lubomir , Lucas Philippe
Published: October 2024

Pheromones convey rich ethological information and guide insects’ search behavior. Insects navigating in turbulent environments are tasked with the challenge of coding the temporal structure of an odor plume, obliging recognition of the onset and offset of whiffs of odor. The coding mechanisms that shape odor offset recognition remain elusive. We designed a device to deliver sharp pheromone pulses and simultaneously measured the response dynamics from pheromone-tuned olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in male moths and Drosophila. We show that concentration-invariant stimulus duration encoding is implemented in moth ORNs by spike frequency adaptation at two time scales. A linear-nonlinear model fully captures the underlying neural computations and offers an insight into their biophysical mechanisms. Drosophila use pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) only for very short distance communication and are not faced with the need to encode the statistics of the cVA plume. Their cVA-sensitive ORNs are indeed unable to encode odor-off events. Expression of moth pheromone receptors in Drosophila cVA-sensitive ORNs indicates that stimulus-offset coding is receptor independent. In moth ORNs, stimulus-offset coding breaks down for short ( < 200 ms) whiffs. This physiological constraint matches the behavioral latency of switching from the upwind surge to crosswind cast flight upon losing contact with the pheromone.
The ozone radiative forcing of nitrogen oxide emissions from aviation can be estimated using a probabilistic approach
Authors: Rao Pratik , Dwight Richard , Singh Deepali , Maruhashi Jin , Dedoussi Irene , Grewe Volker , Frömming Christine
Published: October 2024

Reliable prediction of aviation’s environmental impact, including the effect of nitrogen oxides on ozone, is vital for effective mitigation against its contribution to global warming. Estimating this climate impact however, in terms of the short-term ozone instantaneous radiative forcing, requires computationally-expensive chemistry-climate model simulations that limit practical applications such as climate-optimised planning. Existing surrogates neglect the large uncertainties in their predictions due to unknown environmental conditions and missing features. Relative to these surrogates, we propose a high-accuracy probabilistic surrogate that not only provides mean predictions but also quantifies heteroscedastic uncertainties in climate impact estimates. Our model is trained on one of the most comprehensive chemistry-climate model datasets for aviation-induced nitrogen oxide impacts on ozone. Leveraging feature selection techniques, we identify essential predictors that are readily available from weather forecasts to facilitate the implementation therein. We show that our surrogate model is more accurate than homoscedastic models and easily outperforms existing linear surrogates. We then predict the climate impact of a frequently-flown flight in the European Union, and discuss limitations of our approach.
Climate-driven interannual variability in subnational irrigation areas across Europe
Authors: Zhu Wanxue , Siebert Stefan
Published: October 2024

Irrigation profoundly impacts ecology and agricultural productivity, with irrigated areas varying across regions and years. Interannual dynamics of irrigation extent are lacking, particularly in humid regions of Europe. We analyzed the response of irrigated areas to drought conditions in areas equipped for irrigation and used the derived relationships to estimate annual irrigated areas for 32 European countries in the period 1990–2020. Interannual variability of irrigated areas varied notably, particularly in more humid Northern and Western Europe. In most humid regions, irrigated area is larger in dry years, whereas in more arid regions like Spain, it is larger in wet years. The largest irrigated area across Europe occurred in dry years 2003 and 2018 (11.93 and 11.77 million hectares), while the smallest is estimated for the wet years 2002 and 2014 (10.71 and 10.31 million hectares). The findings of this study help to improve scenario development and water resources management.
A Bayesian analysis of heart rate variability changes over acute episodes of bipolar disorder
Authors: Corponi Filippo , Li Bryan M. , Anmella Gerard , Valenzuela-Pascual Clàudia , Pacchiarotti Isabella , Valentí Marc , Grande Iria , Benabarre Antonio , Garriga Marina , Vieta Eduard , Lawrie Stephen M. , Whalley Heather C. , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Vergari Antonio
Published: October 2024

Bipolar disorder (BD) involves autonomic nervous system dysfunction, detectable through heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is a promising biomarker, but its dynamics during acute mania or depression episodes are poorly understood. Using a Bayesian approach, we developed a probabilistic model of HRV changes in BD, measured by the natural logarithm of the Root Mean Square of Successive RR interval Differences (lnRMSSD). Patients were assessed three to four times from episode onset to euthymia. Unlike previous studies, which used only two assessments, our model allowed for more accurate tracking of changes. Results showed strong evidence for a positive lnRMSSD change during symptom resolution (95.175% probability of positive direction), though the sample size limited the precision of this effect (95% Highest Density Interval [−0.0366, 0.4706], with a Region of Practical Equivalence: [-0.05; 0.05]). Episode polarity did not significantly influence lnRMSSD changes.
A regulatory module mediating temperature control of cell-cell communication facilitates tree bud dormancy release
Authors: Pandey Shashank K , Maurya Jay Prakash , Aryal Bibek , Drynda Kamil , Nair Aswin , Miskolczi Pal , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Wang Xiaobin , Ma Yujiao , de Souza Moraes Tatiana , Bayer Emmanuelle M , Farcot Etienne , Bassel George W , Band Leah R , Bhalerao Rishikesh P
Published: October 2024

The control of cell–cell communication via plasmodesmata (PD) plays a key role in plant development. In tree buds, low-temperature conditions (LT) induce a switch in plasmodesmata from a closed to an open state, which restores cell-to-cell communication in the shoot apex and releases dormancy. Using genetic and cell-biological approaches, we have identified a previously uncharacterized transcription factor, Low-temperature-Induced MADS-box 1 (LIM1), as an LT-induced, direct upstream activator of the gibberellic acid (GA) pathway. The LIM1-GA module mediates low temperature-induced plasmodesmata opening, by negatively regulating callose accumulation to promote dormancy release. LIM1 also activates expression of FT1 (FLOWERING LOCUS T), another LT-induced factor, with LIM1-FT1 forming a coherent feedforward loop converging on low-temperature regulation of gibberellin signaling in dormancy release. Mathematical modeling and experimental validation suggest that negative feedback regulation of LIM1 by gibberellin could play a crucial role in maintaining the robust temporal regulation of bud responses to low temperature. These results reveal genetic factors linking temperature control of cell–cell communication with regulation of seasonally-aligned growth crucial for adaptation of trees.
Leveraging GPT-4 to transform chemistry from paper to practice
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Guy Mason A. , Yang Jerrica , Hao Lucy , Liu Junliang , Hawkins Joel M. , Mustakis Jason , Monfette Sebastien , Hein Jason E.
Published: October 2024

We present a two-step prompting approach to streamline literature reproduction, transforming published methods into detailed protocols and then into executable experimental steps for the Mettler Toledo EasyMax automated lab reactor.
Binuclear cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes with bis-bidentate butterfly-shaped ligands: synthesis, characterization, and application in efficient yellow–orange light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Mazaheri Milad , Nemati Bideh Babak , Sousaraei Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Two new binuclear iridium complexes have been synthesized and used as emitters in LECs. Both complexes exhibit excellent stability, high phosphorescence yield in solution media, and higher LECs efficiency than the archetype complex.
Water stable colloidal PVP coated spin crossover nanoparticles
Authors: Polyzou Christina D. , Zygouri Eleni , Lalioti Nikolia , Malina Ondrej , Polaskova Michaela , Bednar Jiri , Tangoulis Vassilis
Published: October 2024

An effective experimental method is presented for preparing PVP-coated NPs presenting stable aqueous colloidal dispersions and hysteretic SCO behavior close to RT, which is essential for future drug delivery and MRI-bioimaging perspectives.
Finding non-fluorinated alternatives to fluorinated gases used as refrigerants
Authors: Glüge Juliane , Breuer Katharina , Hafner Armin , Vering Christian , Müller Dirk , Cousins Ian T. , Lohmann Rainer , Goldenman Gretta , Scheringer Martin
Published: October 2024

The critical review scrutinizes some of the public statements on fluorinated gases and gives a detailed overview of the available alternatives to fluorinated gases used as refrigerants.
Different routes of bismuth mineral transformation during pertechnetate and perrhenate uptake for subsurface remediation
Authors: Boglaienko D. , Bowden M. E. , Escobedo N. M. , Collins Q. M. , Lawter A. R. , Levitskaia T. G. , Pearce C. I.
Published: October 2024

Removal of pertechnetate 99TcO4− and perrhenate ReO4− during mineral transformation of the non-toxic basic bismuth subnitrate for subsurface remediation.
Beyond flavor: the versatile roles of eugenol in health and disease
Authors: Lao Yujie , Guo Jingya , Fang Jingjing , Geng Ruixuan , Li Mengjie , Qin Yige , Wu Jiayi , Kang Seong-Gook , Huang Kunlun , Tong Tao
Published: October 2024

Emerging evidence highlights that eugenol exhibits significant biological activities across various conditions, suggesting it is a promising nutritional supplement with both flavoring properties and therapeutic potential.
Boosting energy efficiency and selectivity of glucose oxidation toward glucuronic acid in high-frequency ultrasound using multicavity CuO catalytic cavitation agents
Authors: Xie Zhangyue , Mahendran Valarmathi , Jonnalagadda Umesh S. , Fan Qianwenhao , Su Xiaoqian , Fischer Ari F. , Tan Mingwu , Tao Longgang , Jérôme François , Kwan James J. , Valange Sabine , Choksi Tej S. , Amaniampong Prince N. , Liu Wen
Published: October 2024

Reactive oxygen species generated from the inertial collapse of a gas bubble trapped on the surface of an MC-CuO cavity selectively oxidize glucose into glucuronic acid.
Understanding the adsorption performance of hetero-nanocages (C12–B6N6, C12–Al6N6, and B6N6–Al6N6) towards hydroxyurea anticancer drug: a comprehensive study using DFT
Authors: Swarna Mithila Roy , Opi Mehedi Hasan , Ahmed Tanvir , Piya Afiya Akter , Habiba Umme , Shamim Siraj Ud Daula
Published: October 2024

DFT investigation demonstrates that C12–Al6N6 and B6N6–Al6N6 hetero-nanocages could be suitable carriers for HU drug than C24, B12N12, and Al12N12 pristine nanocages.
How to recognize clustering of luminescent defects in single-wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Sebastian Finn L. , Settele Simon , Li Han , Flavel Benjamin S. , Zaumseil Jana
Published: October 2024

Defect clustering in carbon nanotubes can be recognized by a new analytical approach combining quantum yield measurements and Raman spectroscopy.
The effect of dangling o-diphenyl rings on the solid-state emission of quinoxaline-based D–A–D molecules
Authors: Valverde Paredes Marco S. , Lee Dong-Chan
Published: October 2024

A systematic investigation on the ability of o-diphenyl side group to suppress aggregation caused quenching of thiophene–quinoxaline–thiophene based D–A–D molecules.
Structural diversity, evolutionary origin, and metabolic engineering of plant specialized benzylisoquinoline alkaloids
Authors: Tian Ya , Kong Lingzhe , Li Qi , Wang Yifan , Wang Yongmiao , An Zhoujie , Ma Yuwei , Tian Lixia , Duan Baozhong , Sun Wei , Gao Ranran , Chen Shilin , Xu Zhichao
Published: October 2024

This review explores structures, classifications, and distributions of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) and summarizes their biosynthetic pathway, enzymatic catalysis, origin, evolution, and metabolic engineering.
Benzylamine promoted direct C–H arylation of arenes and heteroarenes via excitation with heat or light
Authors: Chatterjee Souvik , Azmi Sabnam , Bandopadhyay Nilaj , Paramanik Krishnendu , Sarkar Gayetri , Biswas Bhaskar , Das Hari Sankar
Published: October 2024

The combination of benzylamine, potassium tert-butoxide and 18-crown-6 acts as an excellent catalytic medium for the C–H arylation of arenes or heteroarenes with aryl or heteroaryl iodides/bromides under heating or light irradiation.
Synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds using N,N-dimethylacetamides as an electrophilic carbon source
Authors: Chun Dayoung , Lee Seok Beom , Chun Simin , Choi Seung Hyun , Hong Junhwa , Lee Honghui , Lee Jinwoo , Hong Suckchang
Published: October 2024

Various N-heterocycles were successfully synthesized with nitrogen-containing nucleophiles and electrophilic carbon sources derived from N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc).
Crystal structure of poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) redux – a new model supported by computational spectroscopy
Authors: Araújo Catarina F. , Pandeirada Simão V. , Oliveira Inês M. , Rosa Guilherme B. , Agostinho Beatriz , Silvestre Armando J. D. , Sousa Andreia F. , Rudić Svemir , Vaz Pedro D. , Nolasco Mariela M. , Ribeiro-Claro Paulo
Published: October 2024

The crystal structure of biobased poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) is revisited following new evidence from vibrational spectroscopy and computational chemistry tools.
Recent developments in the ring-opening transformations of gem-difluorocyclopropanes
Authors: Lv Leiyang , Su Junqi , Li Zhiping
Published: October 2024

This review summarizes the advances of gem-F2CPs as fluoroallylic synthons in transition metal-catalysed ring-opening/cross-coupling reactions via single, double or no C-F bond cleavage on the last two years.
Shining light on sulfonium salts and sulfur ylides: recent advances in alkylation under photoredox catalysis
Authors: Jin Zhe , Yu Tingwei , Wang Hui , Jia Penghao , Huang You
Published: October 2024

Recent advancements in photoredox alkylation with sulfur ylides, sulfonium salts and related analogues are summarized in this review.
Charting the coordinative landscape of the 18F–Sc/44Sc/177Lu triad with the tri-aza-cyclononane (tacn) scaffold
Authors: Kelderman Cormac A. A. , Glaser Owen M. , Whetter Jennifer N. , Aluicio-Sarduy Eduardo , Mixdorf Jason C. , Sanders Kyana M. , Guzei Ilia A. , Barnhart Todd E. , Engle Jonathan W. , Boros Eszter
Published: October 2024

Computational, spectroscopic and radiochemical screening reveals essential ligand characteristics for the in vivo compatibility of 44Sc-/177Lu/18F–Sc coordination complexes.
Photocatalyst-free, visible-light-induced regio- and stereoselective synthesis of phosphorylated enamines from N-allenamides via [1,3]-sulfonyl shift at room temperature
Authors: Guo Jia-Dong , Korsaye Feven-Alemu , Schutz Dorian , Ciofini Ilaria , Miesch Laurence
Published: October 2024

Herein, we report the first visible-light-induced strategy for the rapid synthesis of densely functionalized α- and γ-phosphorylated β-sulfonyl enamines in a regio- and stereoselective manner from N-sulfonyl allenamides and H-phosphine oxides.
Tuning the acidity and textural properties of polyethyleneimine-supported adsorbents for enhanced economical CO2 capture
Authors: Ray Bitan , Churipard Sathyapal R. , Cherevotan Arjun , Deka Diku Raj , Goud Devender , Kopperi Harishankar , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: October 2024

The acidity and textural properties of polyethyleneimine-supported adsorbents are tuned to enhance the capture of carbon dioxide in an economical way.
Inorganic ligand-protected synthesis and characterization of a {Ag6} cluster within an annular polyoxometalate
Authors: Sun Yahao , Zhang Shihao , Cai Minzhen , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping
Published: October 2024

A new type of POM-encapsulated {Ag6} cluster has exhibited a high proton conductivity of 3.0 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 368 K and 98% RH and excellent catalytic activity for reduction of nitrobenzene with 98.55% conversion and >99% selectivity in 2.5 h.
Direct synthesis of multiple heteroatoms functionalized mesoporous silica adsorbents from phosphate industry mining byproducts. Decontaminating water from Pb(ii) ions as an application case
Authors: Yimer Ali Mohammed , Assen Ayalew H. , Ait Said Hamid , Elamri Abdessamad , Lakbita Omar , Rousseau Anthony , Adil Karim , Benyoucef Hicham , Daafi Youssef , Belmabkhout Youssef
Published: October 2024

Sustainable synthesis of heteroatom-enriched mesoporous silica from phosphate mining waste for selective Pb(ii) adsorption, bridging waste valorization with environmental remediation.
Enhanced thermoelectric and mechanical performance of fully conjugated block polythiophene modified with polar ethylene glycol side chains/single-walled carbon nanotube composite materials
Authors: Zhang Ye , Yang Qing , Lin Chen , Chen Roujun , Maliha Sunjida Reza , Chen Yu , Xu Jinjia , Pan Chengjun
Published: October 2024

Composite materials comprised of conductive polymers and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) display enhanced thermoelectric and mechanical performance.
pH-Responsive magnetic nanocarriers for chelator-free bimodal (MRI/SPECT-CT) image-guided chemo-hyperthermia therapy in human breast carcinoma
Authors: Dutta Bijaideep , Shetake Neena G. , Patra Sourav , Chakravarty Rubel , Vimalnath K. V. , Chakraborty Avik , Chakraborty Sudipta , Pandey B. N. , Hassan P. A. , Barick K. C.
Published: October 2024

Development of pH-Responsive magnetic nanocarriers for bimodal (MRI/SPECT-CT) image-guided chemo-thermal therapy in human breast carcinoma.
3D-Printed hydrogel scaffolds with drug- and stem cell-laden core/shell filaments for cancer therapy and soft tissue repair
Authors: Xia Ping , Liu Chunyang , Wei Xiaoyue , Guo Jiali , Luo Yongxiang
Published: October 2024

A biphasic hydrogel scaffold, comprising two types of core/shell filaments, is prepared. Each type is designed to load drugs and stem cells within the core sections, enabling the elimination of cancer cells and repairing soft tissue defects.
Sliding mode control to stabilization of coupled time fractional parabolic PDEs subject to disturbances
Authors: Sun Jiake , Wang Junmin , Zhang Hanwen
Published: October 2024

In this article, the stabilization of coupled time fractional parabolic partial differential equations subject to external disturbances is investigated. By using sliding mode control method and backstepping approach, a boundary state feedback controller is designed to reject the matched disturbance and achieve the Mittag‐Leffler input‐to‐state stability of closed‐loop system. The existence of the generalized solution to the closed‐loop system is proven by Galerkin approximation scheme. Simulations are presented to illustrate the validity of our theoretical results.
A 10 MHz‐BW 85 dB‐SNDR 4th‐order sturdy MASH 2‐0 noise shaping SAR ADC with 2nd‐order gain‐error‐shaping technique
Authors: Zhang Lizhen , Wu Jianhui
Published: October 2024

The multi‐stage noise shaping (MASH) ΣΔ ADC has a good potential to achieve high‐order noise shaping (NS) and high resolution. However, it suffers from quantization noise leakage caused by the mismatch between the analogue NS filter and the digital cancellation filter, which greatly degrades the ADC performance. The sturdy MASH topology of the ΣΔ ADC can solve the leakage issue, but it cannot be implemented using the NS SAR ADC due to structural limitations. This paper proposes a sturdy MASH 2‐0 NS SAR to solve the noise leakage issue. The 4th‐order NS is achieved by only using a 2‐0 topology, which is hardware efficient. Instead of eliminating the first‐stage quantization error, the proposed sturdy MASH 2‐0 NS SAR shapes it, achieving better robustness to PVT variables. Furthermore, owing to the first‐stage 2nd‐order NS capability, the impairments of the residue amplifier, including the gain error and nonlinearity, are 2nd‐order shaped. The proposed 4th‐order sturdy MASH 2‐0 NS SAR is implemented in a 28 nm CMOS process, which achieves a SNDR of 85.6 dB and a SFDR of 101.3 dB with 10 MHz BW at OSR of 10, resulting in a Schreier FoM of 178.8 dB/179.4 dB (in SNDR/DR) with power consumption of 4.8 mW.
A low‐profile and wide‐beamwidth microstrip patch antenna using parasitic patch elements
Authors: Hasan Maodudul , Tamura Masaya
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a low‐profile patch antenna with dual‐axis wide‐beam characteristics. The antenna includes a microstrip patch antenna and four parasitic patch elements. The study demonstrates that both the E‐plane and H‐plane beams can be extended by strategically placing these parasitic patches. The length and distance of these parasitic patch elements play a crucial role in achieving the desired wide‐beam characteristics. A prototype antenna operating at 5.8 GHz is fabricated and measured in an anechoic chamber to validate the concept and design parameters. The measured results confirm the extension of half‐power beamwidth in the E‐plane to 123 (133%) and in the H‐plane to 120 (153%).
Assessing the performance of a hybrid max‐weight traffic signal control algorithm in the presence of noisy queue information: An evaluation of the environmental impacts
Authors: Liaquat Muwahida , Vosough Shaghayegh , Roncoli Claudio , Charalambous Themistoklis
Published: October 2024

Max‐weight (or max‐pressure) is a popular traffic signal control algorithm that has been demonstrated to be capable of optimising network‐level throughput. It is based on queue size measurements in the roads approaching an intersection. However, the inability of typical sensors to accurately measure the queue size results in noisy queue measurements, which may affect the controller's performance. A possible solution is to utilise the noisy max‐weight algorithm to achieve a throughput optimal solution; however, its application may lead to decreased controller performance. This article investigates two variants of max‐weight controllers, namely, acyclic and cyclic max‐weight (with and without noisy queue information) in simulated scenarios, by examining their impact on the throughput and environment. A detailed study of multiple pollutants, fuel consumption, and traffic conditions, which are proxied by a total social cost function, is presented to show the pros and cons of each controller. Simulation experiments, conducted for the Kamppi area in central Helsinki, Finland, show that the acyclic max‐weight controller outperforms a fixed time controller, particularly in avoiding congestion and reducing emissions in the network, while the cyclic max‐weight controller gives the best performance to accommodate maximum vehicles flowing in the network. The complementary positive characteristics motivated the authors to propose a new controller, herein called the hybrid max‐weight, which integrates the characteristics of both acyclic and cyclic max‐weight algorithms for providing better traffic load and performance through switching.
Metasurface‐based circularly polarised antenna: Enhanced bandwidth with characteristic mode analysis and symmetric branch design
Authors: Wang Yan , Ding Zhendong , Yu Junrui , Cao Jianyin , Wang Hao , Chia Michael Yan‐Wah , Nasimuddin Nasimuddin
Published: October 2024

A low‐profile circularly polarised (CP) metasurface antenna is proposed, utilising characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The antenna design features a two‐layer laminated substrate, a 4×4 Butterfly‐shaped metasurface, a rectangular slot, an irregular transmission line, and a ground plane. The metasurface is analysed using mode significance (MS), characteristic angle (CA), and characteristic current to determine the resonance bandwidth and CA resonance points, which exhibit a near 90° difference. At the intersection of the two MS modes, their CAs differ by nearly 90°, and their far‐field radiation directions align, indicating the potential for achieving circular polarisation at the desired frequency. The integration of the metasurface with the slot antenna is simulated to validate the CMA findings. Additionally, the CP bandwidth is enhanced by modifying the transmission line branches. Measurement of the fabricated antenna reveals an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 27.4%, a 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 10.1%, and a peak gain of 6.9 dBic at 4.4 GHz. Compared to the design without branches, IBW and ARBW have increased by 10% and 7.3%, respectively.
Broadband multi‐carrier linear frequency modulation signal reception with subcarrier frequency offset deramp processing
Authors: Li Jinhu , Zhang Fangzheng , Kong Jiayuan , Pan Shilong , He Yuhui
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a broadband multi‐carrier linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal reception method with subcarrier frequency offset deramp processing is proposed and investigated. The proposed frequency offset deramp processing is implemented by mixing the multi‐carrier LFM radar echo with a multi‐carrier LFM reference that has a different subcarrier frequency interval. With this design, the sampling rate of the radar receiver is remarkably reduced and crosstalk‐free separation of different subcarrier signals is easily conducted in the frequency domain. To fuse the multiple subcarriers and fill the frequency gaps, a sparse reconstruction method is employed to obtain the broadband response, which is essential for achieving high range resolution detection. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through an experiment in which the reception of an 8‐carrier LFM signal is conducted and a total bandwidth of 6 GHz after multi‐carrier fusion is demonstrated. An inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging experiment is also conducted with the results verifying the good potential of the proposed method in practical applications.