bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Norwidowska etyka twórcy i jej odbicie w dyskusji nad paradygmatem romantyzmu. Dwie interpretacje / Cyprian Kamil Norwid’s Idea of the Moral Character of the Artist and its Impact on Debates About the Romantic Paradigm: Two Interpretations
Authors: Stelmaszczyk Barbara
Published: July 2013

This article joins the current debate about the challenges faced by contemporary literary theory by drawing attention to aporias that open up for historians of literature. A case in point is Cyprian Kamil Norwid’s idea of the role of the artist and the function of art and the misrepresented, distorted account of his views that dominate the history of the reception of his work. The article distinguishes two interpretations of the Romantic tradition which coincide with two phases in the reception of Romanticism. The first of them was given shape by the Young Poland movement in the late 19th and early 20th century (most notably by Stanisław Brzozowski), while the other (represented by Agata Bielik-Robson) is a product of our own time, ie. the early 21st century. They are discussed in turn. A critical reappraisal of Young Poland’s understanding of Romanticism is complemented by an examination of Brzozowski’s approach, which is distinctly his own. A hundred years later, Brzozowski is given a key role in Agata Bielik-Robson’s review of the Polish Romantic tradition, and yet her take on it is markedly different from his.
Zygmunt Krasiński wobec sztuk pięknych / Zygmunt Krasiński and the Fine Arts
Authors: Płaszczewska Olga
Published: July 2013

This is an attempt at examining Zygmunt Krasiński’s opinions and preferences with regard to the fine arts, a theme many critics believed to be missing from his writings. While putting things right, this article looks at the issues involved in his artistic choices, for example, what works or artists attracted his attention, in general, and to the point of him actually drawing on them in his own work or provoking him to some response (critical, approving, emotional, etc.). Furthermore, the article tries to explore the reasons and circumstances which may account for Krasiński’s interest in a given painting, print, or sculpture. It may have been the work’s theme as in the case of his ekphrasis of Ary Scheffer’s Dante and Virgil Encountering the Shades of Francesca and Paolo Di Rimini, where literary tradition provided the impulse, or the mode of its execution, or the personal ties with its author, or, finally, some other factors, like a current vogue or simply Krasiński’s individual sensitivity. The ultimate aim of all these inquiries is to outline Krasiński’s relationship with the arts (beaux arts) in the context of the aesthetic preferences of the epoch.
Pilot study to introduce a notification card for partner notification of sexually transmitted infections in Catalonia, Spain, June 2010 to June 2011
Authors: Tuneu M J , Vallès X , Carnicer-Pont D , Barberá M J , Godoy P , Avecilla-Palau A , Jordà B , Lopez-Grado E , Rivero D , Vives A , Acera A , Almirall R , Crespo N , Casabona J , the Partner Notification Study Group collective
Published: July 2013

We conducted a cross-sectional study in 10 primary care centres in Catalonia, to determine applicability, acceptability and effectiveness of partner notification cards used by patients diagnosed of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and to characterise these and their sexual partners. Statutorily notifiable STIs included Chlamydia infection, gonorrhoea, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other STIs as deemed necessary by the treating physician. Between June 2010 and June 2011, 219 index cases were enrolled, of whom 130 were men (59.4%), 71 of them men who have sex with men (54.6%). Chlamydia infection (41.1%), gonorrhoea (17.8%) and syphilis (16.0%) were the STIs most frequently diagnosed. HIV infection accounted for 4% of cases. A total of 687 sexual partners were reported, and 300 of these were traceable through the notification card (45.7%). Those who did not report traceable contacts were older (mean age: 34 years versus 31 years, p=0.03). The main reason for not distributing the card was anonymous sexual intercourse (38%). Patient referral notification cards can reach a high percentage of sexual partners at risk. However, only few notified sexual partners attended participating health centres. Internet-based partner notification may be considered in order to reach those partners not otherwise traceable.
Pet rat harbouring Seoul hantavirus in Sweden, June 2013
Authors: Lundkvist Å , Verner-Carlsson J , Plyusnina A , Forslund L , Feinstein R , Plyusnin A
Published: July 2013

We report the first detection of Seoul hantavirus (SEOV) in a pet rat in Sweden. SEOV-specific antibodies were detected in the pet rat blood by focus reduction neutralising test (FRNT), and SEOV RNA in lung tissue was confirmed by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing. The discovery follows the recent reports of SEOV infected pet rats, as well as associated human cases of severe haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), in England and Wales.
A cluster of invasive meningococcal disease in young men who have sex with men in Berlin, October 2012 to May 2013
Authors: Marcus U , Vogel U , Schubert A , Claus H , Baetzing-Feigenbaum J , Hellenbrand W , Wichmann O
Published: July 2013

Between October 2012 and May 2013, five cases of invasive meningococcal disease in young men who have sex with men (MSM) living in Berlin were notified to local health authorities in Germany. Three of the five cases died. All were caused by serogroup C variants with the finetype P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6. Awareness was increased through the use of community networks; an extension of the existing vaccination recommendation to all MSM is currently being considered.
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe: a survey among national experts from 39 countries, February 2013
Authors: Glasner C , Albiger B , Buist G , Tambić Andrašević A , Cantón R , Carmeli Y , Friedrich A W , Giske C G , Glupczynski Y , Gniadkowski M , Livermore D M , Nordmann P , Poirel L , Rossolini G M , Seifert H , Vatopoulos A , Walsh T , Woodford N , Donker T , Monnet D L , Grundmann H ,   European Survey on Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE) working group
Published: July 2013

The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a threat to healthcare delivery, although its extent differs substantially from country to country. In February 2013, national experts from 39 European countries were invited to self-assess the current epidemiological situation of CPE in their country. Information about national management of CPE was also reported. The results highlight the urgent need for a coordinated European effort on early diagnosis, active surveillance, and guidance on infection control measures.
Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in women exposed to livestock animals, Denmark, 1996 to 2002
Authors: Yde Nielsen S , Mølbak K , Nybo Andersen A M , Brink Henriksen T , Kantsø B , Krogfelt K A , Hjøllund N H
Published: July 2013

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
New Heuristics for Rooted Triplet Consistency
Authors: Jahangiri Soheil , Hashemi Seyed , Poormohammadi Hadi
Published: July 2013

Rooted triplets are becoming one of the most important types of input for reconstructing rooted phylogenies. A rooted triplet is a phylogenetic tree on three leaves and shows the evolutionary relationship of the corresponding three species. In this paper, we investigate the problem of inferring the maximum consensus evolutionary tree from a set of rooted triplets. This problem is known to be APX-hard. We present two new heuristic algorithms. For a given set of m triplets on n species, the FastTree algorithm runs in O(m + α(n)n2) time, where α(n) is the functional inverse of Ackermann’s function. This is faster than any other previously known algorithms, although the outcome is less satisfactory. The Best Pair Merge with Total Reconstruction (BPMTR) algorithm runs in O(mn3) time and, on average, performs better than any other previously known algorithms for this problem.
Antioxidant Potential of Bark Extracts from Boreal Forest Conifers
Authors: Legault Jean , Girard-Lalancette Karl , Dufour Dominic , Pichette André
Published: July 2013

The bark of boreal forest conifers has been traditionally used by Native Americans to treat various ailments and diseases. Some of these diseases involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be prevented by the consumption of antioxidants such as phenolic compounds that can be found in medicinal plants. In this study, ultrasonic assisted extraction has been performed under various solvent conditions (water:ethanol mixtures) on the bark of seven boreal forest conifers used by Native Americans including: Pinus strobus, Pinus resinosa, Pinus banksiana, Picea mariana, Picea glauca, Larix laricina, and Abies balsamea. The total phenolic content, as well as ORACFL potency and cellular antioxidant activity (IC50), were evaluated for all bark extracts, and compared with the standardized water extract of Pinus maritima bark (Pycnogenol), which showed clinical efficiency to prevent ROS deleterious effects. The best overall phenolic extraction yield and antioxidant potential was obtained with Picea glauca and Picea mariana. Interestingly, total phenolic content of these bark extracts was similar to Pycnogenol but their antioxidant activity were higher. Moreover, most of the extracts did not inhibit the growth of human skin fibroblasts, WS1. A significant correlation was found between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity for water extracts suggesting that these compounds are involved in the activity.
Non-Linear Fusion of Observations Provided by Two Sensors
Authors: Azmani Monir , Reboul Serge , Benjelloun Mohammed
Published: July 2013

When we try to make the best estimate of some quantity, the problem of combining results from different experiments is encountered. In multi-sensor data fusion, the problem is seen as combining observations provided by different sensors. Sensors provide observations and information on an unknown quantity, which can differ in precision. We propose a combined estimate that uses prior information. We consider the simpler aspects of the problem, so that two sensors provide an observation of the same quantity. The standard error of the observations is supposed to be known. The prior information is an interval that bounds the parameter of the estimate. We derive the proposed combined estimate methodology, and we show its efficiency in the minimum mean square sense. The proposed combined estimate is assessed using synthetic data, and an application is presented.
Repeated Play of Families of Games by Resource-Constrained Players
Authors: Nikandrova Arina
Published: July 2013

This paper studies a repeated play of a family of games by resource-constrained players. To economize on reasoning resources, the family of games is partitioned into subsets of games which players do not distinguish. An example is constructed to show that when games are played a finite number of times, partitioning of the game set according to a coarse exogenously given partition might introduce new symmetric equilibrium payoffs which Pareto dominate best equilibrium outcomes with distinguished games. Moreover, these new equilibrium payoffs are also immune to evolutionary pressure at the partition selection stage.
Elderly Men’s Experience of Information Material about Melanoma—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rosengren Kristina
Published: July 2013

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive disease that has been increasing worldwide. Public education is trying to focus on reducing intense sun exposure and raise awareness of signs and symptoms to prevent illness. The aim of the study was to describe and analyze elderly men’s (over 65 years) experience of an information booklet regarding malignant melanoma. The study comprised of a total of 15 interviews with elderly men. The interviews were analyzed using manifest qualitative content analysis. Respect for the individuals was a main concern in the study. One category, Security—to act, and three subcategories, Availability—to use, Clarity—to understand, and Awareness—to know, were identified to describe the men’s experiences of information material about melanoma. By using person-centered care, based on a holistic approach focusing on men’s need for security to act on specific risk factors and to do skin self-examination, health could be improved. The results of this study could help other health organizations to develop information material to prevent illness, such as for skin self-examination. Strategies concerning educating, preparing, and training health professionals in interpersonal communication skills should be implemented in healthcare organizations to meet patients’ information needs about illness to develop continuous learning and quality improvement.
Scoping the Impact of Changes in Population Age-Structure on the Future Burden of Foodborne Disease in The Netherlands, 2020–2060
Authors: Bouwknegt Martijn , Van Pelt Wilfrid , Havelaar Arie
Published: July 2013

A demographic shift towards a larger proportion of elderly in the Dutch population in the coming decades might change foodborne disease incidence and mortality. In the current study we focused on the age-specific changes in the occurrence of foodborne pathogens by combining age-specific demographic forecasts for 10-year periods between 2020 and 2060 with current age-specific infection probabilities for Campylobacter spp., non-typhoidal Salmonella, hepatitis A virus, acquired Toxoplasma gondii and Listeria monocytogenes. Disease incidence rates for the former three pathogens were estimated to change marginally, because increases and decreases in specific age groups cancelled out over all ages. Estimated incidence of reported cases per 100,000 for 2060 mounted to 12 (Salmonella), 51 (Campylobacter), 1.1 (hepatitis A virus) and 2.1 (Toxoplasma). For L. monocytogenes, incidence increased by 45% from 0.41 per 100,000 in 2011 to 0.60 per 100,000. Estimated mortality rates increased two-fold for Salmonella and Campylobacter to 0.5 and 0.7 per 100,000, and increased by 25% for Listeria from 0.06 to 0.08. This straightforward scoping effort does not suggest major changes in incidence and mortality for these food borne pathogens based on changes in de population age-structure as independent factor. Other factors, such as changes in health care systems, social clustering and food processing and preparation, could not be included in the estimates.
Micromanaging Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Maegdefessel Lars , Spin Joshua , Adam Matti , Raaz Uwe , Toh Ryuji , Nakagami Futoshi , Tsao Philip
Published: July 2013

The contribution of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease to human morbidity and mortality has increased in the aging, industrialized world. In response, extraordinary efforts have been launched to determine the molecular and pathophysiological characteristics of the diseased aorta. This work aims to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to limit AAA expansion and, ultimately, rupture. Contributions from multiple research groups have uncovered a complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory milieu, which is believed to be essential for maintaining aortic vascular homeostasis. Recently, novel small noncoding RNAs, called microRNAs, have been identified as important transcriptional and post-transcriptional inhibitors of gene expression. MicroRNAs are thought to “fine tune” the translational output of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by promoting mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. With the discovery that microRNAs act as powerful regulators in the context of a wide variety of diseases, it is only logical that microRNAs be thoroughly explored as potential therapeutic entities. This current review summarizes interesting findings regarding the intriguing roles and benefits of microRNA expression modulation during AAA initiation and propagation. These studies utilize disease-relevant murine models, as well as human tissue from patients undergoing surgical aortic aneurysm repair. Furthermore, we critically examine future therapeutic strategies with regard to their clinical and translational feasibility.
Cultivation of Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts in a Three-Dimensional Bovine Collagen-Elastin Matrix (Matriderm®) and Application for Full Thickness Wound Coverage in Vivo
Authors: Killat Jasper , Reimers Kerstin , Choi Claudia , Jahn Sabrina , Vogt Peter , Radtke Christine
Published: July 2013

New skin substitutes for burn medicine or reconstructive surgery pose an important issue in plastic surgery. Matriderm® is a clinically approved three-dimensional bovine collagen-elastin matrix which is already used as a dermal substitute of full thickness burn wounds. The drawback of an avital matrix is the limited integration in full thickness skin defects, depending on the defect size. To further optimize this process, Matriderm® has also been studied as a matrix for tissue engineering of skin albeit long-term cultivation of the matrix with cells has been difficult. Cells have generally been seeded onto the matrix with high cell loss and minimal time-consuming migration. Here we developed a cell seeded skin equivalent after microtransfer of cells directly into the matrix. First, cells were cultured, and microinjected into Matriderm®. Then, cell viability in the matrix was determined by histology in vitro. As a next step, the skin substitute was applied in vivo into a full thickness rodent wound model. The wound coverage and healing was observed over a period of two weeks followed by histological examination assessing cell viability, proliferation and integration into the host. Viable and proliferating cells could be found throughout the entire matrix. The presented skin substitute resembles healthy skin in morphology and integrity. Based on this study, future investigations are planned to examine behaviour of epidermal stem cells injected into a collagen-elastin matrix under the aspects of establishment of stem cell niches and differentiation.
Wetland Monitoring Using the Curvelet-Based Change Detection Method on Polarimetric SAR Imagery
Authors: Schmitt Andreas , Brisco Brian
Published: July 2013

One fundamental task in wetland monitoring is the regular mapping of (temporarily) flooded areas especially beneath vegetation. Due to the independence of weather and illumination conditions, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors could provide a suitable data base. Using polarimetric modes enables the identification of flooded vegetation by means of the typical double-bounce scattering. In this paper three decomposition techniques—Cloude-Pottier, Freeman-Durden, and Normalized Kennaugh elements—are compared to each other in terms of identifying the flooding extent as well as its temporal change. The image comparison along the time series is performed with the help of the Curvelet-based Change Detection Method. The results indicate that the decomposition algorithm has a strong impact on the robustness and reliability of the change detection. The Normalized Kennaugh elements turn out to be the optimal representation for Curvelet-based change detection processing. Furthermore, the co-polarized channels (same transmit and receive polarization in horizontal (HH) and vertical (VV) direction respectively) appear to be sufficient for wetland monitoring so that dual-co-polarized imaging modes could be an alternative to conventional quad-polarized acquisitions.
Copper(II)-salt-promoted oxidative ring-opening reactions of bicyclic cyclopropanol derivatives via radical pathways
Authors: Hasegawa Eietsu , Tateyama Minami , Nagumo Ryosuke , Tayama Eiji , Iwamoto Hajime
Published: July 2013

Copper(II)-salt-promoted oxidative ring-opening reactions of bicyclic cyclopropanol derivatives were investigated. The regioselectivities of these processes were found to be influenced by the structure of cyclopropanols as well as the counter anion of the copper(II) salts. A mechanism involving rearrangement reactions of radical intermediates and their competitive trapping by copper ions is proposed.
Affiliation et désaffiliation
Authors: Diatkine Gilbert
Published: July 2013

La reconstitution des liens de filiation des patients immigrés avec leur culture d’origine fait partie du travail de contre-transfert au sein des équipes soignantes en psychiatrie infantile. La réaffiliation participe ainsi indirectement à l’élaboration des clivages au sein de la personnalité des enfants. À l’adolescence, la réussite de ce travail contribue à prévenir la transformation d’une folie privée en psychose avérée.
Valoración de la calidad estética de los paisajes de La Habana (Cuba) con métodos de participación social
Authors: Barrasa García Sara
Published: July 2013

Partiendo de la idea de que un paisaje necesita de un observador, y que en función de su bagaje cultural y su experiencia personal va a tener distintas percepciones y valoraciones del mismo, nuestro objetivo es valorar los paisajes en función de las preferencias basadas en el componente estético. La metodología del test de pares de fotos se ha aplicado al caso de la provincia Ciudad La Habana, en Cuba. Entre los principales resultados encontramos que los paisajes mejor valorados son las unidades histórico/culturales, las ornamentales y las marinas. Estas preferencias coinciden con las encontradas en la literatura, en la que elementos de vegetación, agua, relieve y presencia humana integrada son los elementos presentes en los paisajes de mayor valor.

[fr] Partant de l’idée que le paysage précise d’un observateur, et que, en fonction de son contexte culturel et de son expérience personnelle, l’observateur peut avoir des perceptions et des évaluations différentes, ce travail a pour objectif d’évaluer les paysages en fonction de préférences fondées sur la composante esthétique. Nous avons utilisé la méthodologie des paires de test de photos pour le cas de la province de La Havane, Cuba. Parmi les principaux résultats, nous avons découvert que les paysages les mieux évalués sont les unités historiques et culturelles, les jardins ornementaux et les zones maritimes. Ces préférences sont conformes à celles rencontrées dans la littérature, où les éléments de végétation, eau, relief et la présence humaine sont présents dans les paysages les plus appréciés.
El papel de la inmigración extranjera en el cambio social y urbano de el Besòs i el Maresme, un barrio periférico de Barcelona. Interrogaciones a partir de un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Miret Naik , Serra del Pozo Pau
Published: July 2013

En este trabajo se observan las pautas de la instalación residencial de la nueva inmigración extranjera, los patrones de implantación de comercios regentados por emprendedores inmigrantes, así como ciertos usos del espacio privado y público y la movilidad en y desde el barrio de el Besòs i el Maresme. El espacio vivido por los extranjeros contiene elementos de cambio urbano que se añaden a las dinámicas urbanísticas impulsadas desde las administraciones públicas. El Besòs i el Maresme permite no solo evaluar tendencias comunes a muchos barrios populares españoles que conocen actualmente la misma etapa de desarrollo, sino que también ofrece una posibilidad de análisis en términos de revitalización urbana por su localización en el entorno inmediato del mayor espacio de cambio urbanístico en el nordeste de la capital catalana, aunque no se ignoran en el trabajo procesos contradictorios que apuntan hacia la marginación social. Este texto se basa en trabajo de campo realizado por los autores en 2007-2009.

[fr] Ce travail présente les formes d’installation résidentielle de la nouvelle immigration étrangère, les formes d’implantation des commerces tenus par des entrepreneurs immigrants, ainsi que certains usages de l’espace public et privé et la mobilité vers le quartier de el Besòs i el Maresme et à partir de celui-ci. L’espace vécu par les étrangers contient des éléments de transformation urbaine qui s’ajoutent aux dynamiques urbanistiques impulsées par les administrations. El Besòs i el Maresme permet non seulement d’évaluer les tendances communes à de nombreux quartiers populaires en Espagne qui connaissent actuellement la même étape de développement, mais offre également une possibilité d’analyse en termes de revitalisation urbaine par sa localisation dans l’entourage immédiat du principal espace de renouvellement urbain au nord-est de la capitale catalane, bien que certains processus contradictoires qui révèlent une tendance à l’exclusion sociale ne soient pas ignorés dans ce travail. Ce texte repose sur une étude de terrain menée par les auteurs en 2007-2009.
Temporales marítimos y borrascas atlánticas en la provincia de Alicante: el caso de Benidorm
Authors: Tros-de-Ilarduya Fernández María
Published: July 2013

Los temporales de mar son fenómenos naturales cuyas repercusiones económicas, físicas y sociales sobre el litoral alicantino entre los años 1975 y 2005 han sido analizadas a través de la prensa local. A pesar de la extendida creencia de que la fachada marítima del este de España es ajena a las situaciones atmosféricas generadas en el Atlántico, existen enclaves que presentan una alta vulnerabilidad frente a la componente occidental, no así frente a la levantina, de la que se hallan bien protegidos gracias a la propia configuración costera. Se analiza, como ejemplo, el caso de Benidorm.

[fr] Les tempêtes maritimes sont des phénomènes naturels dont l’impact économique, physique et social sur le littoral d’Alicante entre 1975 et 2005 a été analysé à travers la presse locale. Contrairement à une croyance très répandue, selon laquelle la façade maritime orientale de l’Espagne n’est pas influencée par les situations atmosphériques générées dans l’Atlantique, certaines enclaves sont très vulnérables à la composante occidentale mais pas à l’orientale, dont elles se trouvent bien protégées grâce à la configuration du littoral. Le cas de Benidorm (Alicante) est ici analysé comme exemple.
A Survey on Green Computing Based on Cloud Environment
Authors: Zhao Jia , Hu Liang , Xu Gaochao , Ding Yan , Chu Jianfeng
Published: July 2013

Cloud computing and virtualization have become research hotspots in recent years. Since information communication technology is widely used in real life, data centers have rapidly been developed and the number of data centers has increased a lot. However, the existing data centers have too much power consumption. The energy and resources utilization are much lower. Against this backdrop, green computing is proposed. This paper briefly introduces some technologies based on computer system and cloud computing aimed at energy efficiency without compromising the performance objectives. Finally, the future research trends are analyzed.
Uncertain Nonlinear Chaotic Gyros Synchronization by Using Adaptive Fuzzy Control
Authors: Liu Heng , Hou Bing , Xiang Wei
Published: July 2013

In this paper, the control problem of synchronizing two identical chaotic gyros systems in the presence of system uncertainties is addressed by using adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control, while the structure of the gyros and the bounds of the system uncertainties are entirely unknown. The controller can guarantee a fast convergence of the synchronization errors and all of the signals in the closed-loop system remain bounded. Finally simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Social Relation Cognitive Model on Virtual Prototyping Technology in Construction Project
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Honglei , Wang Guangbin
Published: July 2013

It is valuable to study social relation cognition of participants about virtual prototyping technology in construction projects to promote its acceptance and application. Building information modeling (BIM) is a transformative virtual prototyping technology for construction industry. The analysis of social relation is closely related to BIM application to stakeholders, which involves many cognitive indicators, i.e. organizations, spaces and behaviors. Based on social network analysis, a cognitive model for actorsâ?? social relation to BIM knowledge is proposed?Using survey data, this paper explores the cognitive ability between participants. Through statistical analysis of indictors in the model, it is found that significant difference of virtual prototyping technology in social relation cognition exists.
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de ‎résilience en lien avec l’adaptation des systèmes urbains au changement climatique
Authors: Quenault Béatrice
Published: July 2013

À partir d’une revue de la littérature académique, cet article opère un examen critique de la mobilisation du concept de résilience dans le domaine de l’adaptation au changement climatique dans les systèmes urbains. Il s’interroge tout d’abord sur les véritables raisons de l’engouement actuel autour de ce concept, se pose ensuite en rupture avec la vision dominante de la face opposée considérant le couple vulnérabilité/résilience comme le revers d’une même médaille aux polarités inversées (négative versus positive) et discute, enfin, l’idée de plus en plus communément admise que la résilience représenterait un nouveau paradigme de la gestion des risques et de la planification urbaine durable en lien avec le changement climatique.
An Empirical Analysis of Software Changes on Statement Entity in Java Open Source Projects
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Song Qinbao , Sun Zhongbin
Published: July 2013

Software projects keep changing all the time. Understanding the nature of the changes can help build higher quality projects. In this paper, the authors studied software changes on a new entity, statement. They found some types of statements are more likely to change than others. Furthermore, the authors studied software changes to fix bugs and also found some types of statements are more likely to change than others to fix bugs. These statements are more likely to cause bugs, which should be paid more attention to.
Metateoretiese vertrekpunte ten opsigte van wetenskaplike navorsing in kinder- en jeugbediening
Authors: Breed Gert
Published: July 2013

Hierdie artikel vorm deel van ’n navorsingsprojek oor die verrekening van die metateoretiese vertrekpunte in die wetenskap van die Praktiese Teologie. Die eerste fase van die reeks bied die teoretiese onderbou vir die werklikheids-, hermeneutiese en wetenskapsteoretiese beskouing van die vak. Die tweede fase fokus op die invloed wat hierdie vertrekpunte op die wetenskaplike navorsing van die verskillende vakgroepe in die Praktiese Teologie het. Hierdie artikel handel oor die wetenskaplike benaderingswyse tot die navorsingsveld van Kinder- en jeugbediening. In hierdie navorsingsartikel word die persoonlike metateoretiese perspektief waarmee die vakgebied van Kinder- en jeugbediening benader word, uitgespel en verantwoord ten opsigte van die werklikheidsbeskouing waarmee daar op die navorsingsveld van Kinder- en jeugbediening gefokus word; die onderbou van die hermeneutiese beskouing wat nodig is om tot ’n verstaan en ’n verantwoordbare verhouding te kom tussen die elemente wat in Kinder- en jeugbediening ter sprake is; en ten slotte, om die wetenskapsteoretiese benadering te beskryf waarmee die navorsingsveld van Kinder- en jeugbediening op ’n wetenskaplikverantwoorde wyse ondersoek kan word.This article is part of a research project on the metatheoretical assumptions in Practical Theology. The first part of this series gives the theoretical foundation for the view on reality-, hermeneutical- and scientific-theoretical approaches to the research field. The second part focuses on the effect that these assumptions will have on the scientific research of the various subject groups in Practical Theology. This article describes the scientific approach to the research field of child and youth ministry. This research article describes the personal metatheoretical perspective from which the subject area is approached, and it gives account of the view on reality with which the research field of Youth Ministry is studied; of the foundation on which the hermeneutical viewpoint is built, to attain an understanding and a founded relationship between the elements that are applicable in child and youth ministry; and finally, the scientific theoretical approach to the research field in a justified manner.
Cosmologies of the ancient Mediterranean world
Authors: Fitzgerald John T.
Published: July 2013

Cosmology is concerned with the order of the universe and seeks to provide an account, not only of that order, but also of the mind or reason behind it. In antiquity, the cosmos was usually understood religiously, such that the cosmologies of the ancient Mediterranean world were either religious in nature or constituted a reaction to a religiously conceived understanding of the structures of the universe. The oldest form in which ancient cosmologies occur is myth, which, owing to its elasticity as a form, enabled them to be appropriated, adapted and used by different groups. In addition, different cosmologies co-existed within the same ancient culture, each having an authoritative status. This article provides an introductory overview of these cosmological myths and argues that a comparative approach is the most fruitful way to study them. Emphasis is given to certain prominent cosmological topics, including theogony (the genesis of the divine) or the relationship of the divine to the cosmos, cosmogony (the genesis of the cosmos), and anthropogony (the origin of humans within the cosmos). Although these myths vary greatly in terms of content and how they envision the origin of the cosmos, many of them depict death as part of the structure of the universe.Kosmologie het te doen met die orde van die heelal en wil rekenskap gee van hierdie orde en ook van die bewussyn daaragter. In die antieke tyd is die kosmos gewoonlik godsdienstig verstaan, met die gevolg dat die kosmologieë van die antieke Mediterreense wêreld óf ’n godsdienstige aard gehad het óf bestaan het uit ’n reaksie op ’n godsdienstig-geskepte begrip van die strukture van die heelal. Mites was die oudste vorm waarin antieke kosmologieë voorkom wat vanweë hulle plooibaarheid dit bewerk het dat hierdie kosmologieë deur verskillende groepe toegeëien, aangepas en gebruik kon word. Hierbenewens het verskillende kosmologieë in die antieke kultuur langs mekaar bestaan – elkeen met sy eie gesagstatus. Hierdie artikel bied ’n inleidende oorsig oor hierdie kosmologiese mites en redeneer dat ’n vergelykende benadering die mees geskikte vir die bestudering van hierdie mites is. Daar word op sekere prominente kosmologiese temas gefokus, waaronder teogonie (die ontstaan van die goddelike) of die verhouding tussen die goddelike en die kosmos, kosmogonie (die ontstaan van die kosmos), en antroponogie (die ontstaan van die mens binne die kosmos). Alhoewel hierdie mites grootliks verskil in terme van inhoud en hoe dit die ontstaan van die kosmos visualiseer, word die dood as deel van die opbou van die heelal deur baie van hulle uitgebeeld.
Atmospheric inversion of SO2 and primary aerosol emissions for the year 2010
Authors: Huneeus N. , Boucher O. , Chevallier F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Natural and anthropogenic emissions of primary aerosols and sulphur dioxide (SO2) are estimated for the year 2010 by assimilating daily total and fine mode aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument into a global aerosol model of intermediate complexity. The system adjusts monthly emission fluxes over a set of predefined regions tiling the globe. The resulting aerosol emissions improve the model performance, as measured from usual skill scores, both against the assimilated observations and a set of independent ground-based measurements. The estimated emission fluxes are 67 Tg S yr−1 for SO2, 12 Tg yr−1 for black carbon (BC), 87 Tg yr−1 for particulate organic matter (POM), 17 000 Tg yr−1 for sea salt (SS, estimated at 80 % relative humidity) and 1206 Tg yr−1 for desert dust (DD). They represent a difference of +53, +73, +72, +1 and −8%, respectively, with respect to the first guess (FG) values. Constant errors throughout the regions and the year were assigned to the a priori emissions. The analysis errors are reduced with respect to the a priori ones for all species and throughout the year, they vary between 3 and 18% for SO2, 1 and 130% for biomass burning, 21 and 90 % for fossil fuel, 1 and 200% for DD and 1 and 5% for SS. The maximum errors on the global-yearly scale for the estimated fluxes (considering temporal error dependence) are 3% for SO2, 14% for BC, 11% for POM, 14% for DD and 2% for SS. These values represent a decrease as compared to the global-yearly errors from the FG of 7% for SO2, 40% for BC, 55% for POM, 81% for DD and 300% for SS. The largest error reduction, both monthly and yearly, is observed for SS and the smallest one for SO2. The sensitivity and robustness of the inversion system to the choice of the first guess emission inventory is investigated by using different combinations of inventories for industrial, fossil fuel and biomass burning sources. The initial difference in the emissions between the various set-ups is reduced after the inversion. Furthermore, at the global scale, the inversion is sensitive to the choice of the BB (biomass burning) inventory and not so much to the industrial and fossil fuel inventory. At the regional scale, however, the choice of the industrial and fossil fuel inventory can make a difference. The estimated baseline emission fluxes for SO2, BC and POM are within the estimated uncertainties of the four experiments. The resulting emissions were compared against projected emissions for the year 2010 for SO2, BC and POM. The new estimate presents larger emissions than the projections for all three species, with larger differences for SO2 than POM and BC. These projected SO2 emissions are outside the uncertainties of the estimated emission inventories.
Photoacoustic and nephelometric spectroscopy of aerosol optical properties with a supercontinuum light source
Authors: Sharma N. , Arnold I. J. , Moosmüller H. , Arnott W. P. , Mazzoleni C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. A novel multi-wavelength photoacoustic-nephelometer spectrometer (SC-PNS) has been developed for the optical characterization of atmospheric aerosol particles. This instrument integrates a white light supercontinuum laser with photoacoustic and nephelometric spectroscopy to measure aerosol absorption and scattering coefficients at five wavelength bands (centered at 417, 475, 542, 607, and 675 nm). These wavelength bands were selected from the continuous spectrum of the laser (ranging from 400–2200 nm) using a set of optical interference filters. Absorption and scattering measurements on laboratory-generated aerosol samples were performed sequentially at each wavelength band. To test the instrument we measured the wavelength dependence of absorption and scattering coefficients of kerosene soot and common salt aerosols. Results were favorably compared to those obtained with a commercial 3-wavelength photoacoustic and nephelometer instrument demonstrating the utility of the SC light source for studies of aerosol optical properties at selected wavelengths. Here, we discuss instrument design, development, calibration, performance and experimental results.
Improving North American terrestrial CO2 flux diagnosis using spatial structure in land surface model residuals
Authors: Hilton T. W. , Davis K. J. , Keller K. , Urban N. M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. We evaluate spatial structure in North American CO2 flux observations using a simple diagnostic land surface model. The vegetation photosynthesis respiration model (VPRM) calculates net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using locally observed temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) along with satellite-derived phenology and moisture. We use observed NEE from a group of 65 North American eddy covariance tower sites spanning North America to estimate VPRM parameters for these sites. We investigate spatial coherence in regional CO2 fluxes at several different time scales by using geostatistical methods to examine the spatial structure of model–data residuals. We find that persistent spatial structure does exist in the model–data residuals at a length scale of approximately 400 km (median 402 km, mean 712 km, standard deviation 931 km). This spatial structure defines a flux-tower-based VPRM residual covariance matrix. The residual covariance matrix is useful in constructing prior fluxes for atmospheric CO2 concentration inversion calculations, as well as for constructing a VPRM North American CO2 flux map optimized to eddy covariance observations. Finally (and secondarily), the estimated VPRM parameter values do not separate clearly by plant functional type (PFT). This calls into question whether PFTs can successfully partition ecosystems' fundamental ecological drivers when the viewing lens is a simple model.
Influence of aquifer heterogeneity on karst hydraulics and catchment delineation employing distributive modeling approaches
Authors: Oehlmann S. , Geyer T. , Licha T. , Birk S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Due to their heterogeneous nature, karst aquifers pose a major challenge for hydrogeological investigations. Important procedures like the delineation of catchment areas for springs are hindered by the unknown locations and hydraulic properties of highly conductive karstic zones. In this work numerical modeling was employed as a tool in delineating catchment areas of several springs within a karst area in southwestern Germany. For this purpose, different distributive modeling approaches were implemented in the Finite Element simulation software Comsol Multiphysics®. The investigation focuses on the question to which degree the effect of karstification has to be taken into account for accurately simulating the hydraulic head distribution and the observed spring discharges. The results reveal that the representation of heterogeneities has a large influence on the delineation of the catchment areas. Not only the location of highly conductive elements but also their geometries play a major role for the resulting hydraulic head distribution and thus for catchment area delineation. The size distribution of the karst conduits derived from the numerical models agrees with knowledge from karst genesis. It was thus shown that numerical modeling is a useful tool for catchment delineation in karst aquifers based on results from different field observations.
Climate model validation and selection for hydrological applications in representative Mediterranean catchments
Authors: Deidda R. , Marrocu M. , Caroletti G. , Pusceddu G. , Langousis A. , Lucarini V. , Puliga M. , Speranza A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This paper discusses the relative performance of several climate models in providing reliable forcing for hydrological modeling in six representative catchments in the Mediterranean region. We consider 14 Regional Climate Models (RCMs), from the EU-FP6 ENSEMBLES project, run for the A1B emission scenario on a common 0.22-degree (about 24 km) rotated grid over Europe and the Mediterranean. In the validation period (1951 to 2010) we consider daily precipitation and surface temperatures from the E-OBS dataset, available from the ENSEMBLES project and the data providers in the ECA&D project. Our primary objective is to rank the 14 RCMs for each catchment and select the four best performing ones to use as common forcing for hydrological models in the six Mediterranean basins considered in the EU-FP7 CLIMB project. Using a common suite of 4 RCMs for all studied catchments reduces the (epistemic) uncertainty when evaluating trends and climate change impacts in the XXI century. We present and discuss the validation setting, as well as the obtained results and, to some detail, the difficulties we experienced when processing the data. In doing so we also provide useful information and hint for an audience of researchers not directly involved in climate modeling, but interested in the use of climate model outputs for hydrological modeling and, more in general, climate change impact studies in the Mediterranean.
Mantous and alpacas as weapons of the weak: Chinese spoof video and self-expression online
Authors: Lugg Alexander Neish
Published: July 2013

Chinese Web users are using video spoofs in an attempt to reclaim expressive space in Chinese-language cyberspace. In a manner reminiscent of shunkouliu (humorous sayings), that circulated particularly widely during the late 20th century, video spoofs are being used to express discontent with a range of political and social issues and policies while using a veil of humour to obfuscate the target of the satire. These spread of these videos and the ideas they express have caused changes to Chinese Internet regulations.
E-petition systems and political participation: About institutional challenges and democratic opportunities
Authors: Böhle Knud , Riehm Ulrich
Published: July 2013

The implementation of e-petition systems holds the promise to increase the participative and deliberative potential of petitions. The most ambitious e-petition systems allow for electronic submission, make publicly available the petition text, related documents and the final decision, allow supporting a petition by electronically co-signing it, and provide electronic discussion forums. Based on a comprehensive survey (2010/2011) of parliamentary petition bodies at the national level covering the 27 member states of the European Union (EU) plus Norway and Switzerland, the present state of public e-petitioning in the EU is presented, and the relevance of e-petition systems as a means of political participation is discussed.
Change and Continuity
Authors: Sciabarra Chris Matthew
Published: July 2013

With this issue, The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies begins a collaboration with the Pennsylvania State University Press, which will manage all aspects of design, production, distribution, and subscription fulfillment. In embarking on this new arrangement, the journal unveils a new look, but retains its commitment to introducing new writers to the ever-expanding world of Rand studies.
Little Prime Movers
Authors: Stockton Will
Published: July 2013

This essay accounts for the adolescent popularity of The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged by arguing that both novels indirectly appropriate the mid-twentieth-century figure of the rebel. By denying their “prime movers” much of a childhood, however, both novels heroize rebels who never suffer the dilemma that defines the adolescent according to Erik H. Erikson: the struggle between identity and role confusion. Following Erikson and Julia Kristeva, this essay reads Rand's prime movers as figures of a post-Oedipal fantasy of self-reconciliation and career-oriented drive—figures who invite their reader into the fantasy of a life lived without adolescence's defining identity crisis.
An End to Over and Against
Authors: Campbell Robert L.
Published: July 2013

Two complementary biographies of Ayn Rand were published in 2009: Goddess of the Market, by Jennifer Burns, and Ayn Rand and the World She Made, by Anne Heller. Burns focuses on Rand's influence on American political thought, while Heller's concern is Rand the screenwriter, novelist, and author of her personal mythos. Both books are meticulously researched and well written; neither author espouses Rand's philosophy or agrees with her politics. Such books establish that Rand's ideas have become part of American culture and are no longer set over and against it.