bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machines and Equipment for Sowing Grain Crops on Plots of the I and II Stages of Selection Work
Authors: Podzorov A V , Shaikhov M M , Khamuev V G , Podzorova M V
Published: February 2022

The article discusses different options of selection sowing machines developed in the period from 1960 to 2020. The design and basic parameters of the machines are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of some models are outlined. The purpose of the study is to give an overview of technical means of sowing grain crops at the initial stages of breeding work and to outline a list of promising machines for sowing in plots of I-II stages. It is revealed that many engineered machines are being manufactured or undergoing modernization. The created scientific groundwork allows developing new machines and streamlining the operation of existing ones. The presented machines are characterized by a fairly high performance. Many machines are characterized by a wide range of settings for various crops and sowing conditions and greatly facilitate the work of the operator-seeders.
Results of the Study Discharging Zone of the Ozernovsky Hot Springs (Kamchatka)
Authors: Yu Pavlova V
Published: February 2022

The Ozernovsky hot springs, located in the southern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, are poorly studied. They are essential in the field of balneology. Previously, the springs were used for balneology. The work is devoted to the study of the discharge zone of springs: geological position, drawing up a detailed layout diagram, temperature of each spring, chemical composition. The research results have been introduced into practice.
Estimation of Wind Energy Resources in Regions of Russia for Green Hydrogen Production and Reduction of CO2 Emission
Authors: Nefedova L V , Degtyarev K S , Kiseleva S V , Berezkin M Y
Published: February 2022

The problem of hydrogen production using renewable energy sources in the world and in Russia is considered. Preliminary estimates of possible volumes of hydrogen production and of carbon dioxide emission reducing in the coastal regions of the North and East of Russia using wind power plants have been carried out. Based on the calculations of the wind characteristics variability over a 30-year period for the Sakhalin Peninsula, an analysis of possible interannual and within-year variability of the capacity factor was accomplish. Estimates of the prospects for reducing of CO2 emissions due to the potential for green hydrogen production using wind power plants energy as an alternative to fuel power plants in regions of Russia are completed.
Ensuring Global Food Security: Transforming Approaches in the Context of Agriculture 5.0
Authors: Baryshnikova N , Altukhov P , Naidenova N , Shkryabina A
Published: February 2022

The article highlights the relationship between ensuring world food security and the pace of technological transformation of agriculture, taking into account the impact of global challenges, based on the study of theoretical approaches of leading scientists. The authors use analysis and synthesis, expert, statistical and comparative methods. The history of technological changes in agriculture are considered through its evolution from traditional food systems to Agriculture 5.0 – the post-industrial system with the use of robotics, big data and artificial intelligence systems. The authors prove that the level of agricultural development and the rate of its technological transformation are sharply differentiated by country. The cross-country analysis of indicators of food security, innovation potential, production and food net trade of the leading food-producing countries allowed us to draw two conclusions. First, developed countries that are at the top of the innovation rating and ensure national food security at a high level have negative food net trade. In the near future, these countries will not be able to have a significant impact on world food security. Secondly, countries with export-oriented agriculture are characterized by low innovation and have limited opportunities for labor productivity growth in agriculture.
To Solve the Challenges of Coal Export Issues by Marine Terminals in the Primorsky Region by Analysis of Cargo Handling Technology
Authors: Romanova G , Pesterev S , Romanov A
Published: February 2022

since 2010, the stevedoring companies in the Primorsky region have been actively increasing the volumes of coal handling due to growing demand for coal production (in 2.5 times) in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

At ¼ 2020, in the context of the stagnation of the global economy, the demand for coal remained stable in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Thus, in order to maintain the positions of the Russian Federation in the coal markets of the Asia-Pacific region countries, it is necessary to have due understanding of the handling capacities efficiency, the quality of coal processing services and the environmental impact in the seaports of the Primorsky region. Despite the fact that the closed coal handling technology at the specialized coal terminal used by JSC «Vostochny Port» is considered the most effective, the most local stevedoring companies use non-specialized coal handling technology by clamshells.
V2X Technology-Based Electronic Devices for Intelligent Transportation Systems Tasks
Authors: Chkalov R V , Chkalova D G
Published: February 2022

The work describes the task of modern intelligent information systems devices developing. The prospects of using V2X technology for the segment of civil and special purpose vehicles, as well as its applicability for solving of road safety problems, have been evaluated. An experimental model of an on-board electronic device designed for organizing dynamic communication of transport network participants under unstable cellular coverage is shown. The transfer of information between vehicles with low or no signal is carried out via the V2X network, the nodes of which are vehicles located within a radius of up to 2 km. Areas and scenarios of the possible application of development are considered, the most promising functions are described.
Distribution of Stops in City’s Transport Routes
Authors: Spirin I V , Enin D V
Published: February 2022

The organization of the city’s passenger transport route system is the most important task of transport planning. Public transport stops in places with high demand for transportation are hubs of passenger traffic and are used jointly by different routes. This leads to queues of vehicles and causes delays in the movement of buses and trolleybuses. Reduce vehicles queues is achieved when the stops are distributed by dividing them into several landing pads. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations to rationalize the location of urban transport stops to improve the quality of passenger service and ensure transport mobility. Methods are used in the preparation of the article: mathematical modeling, queue theory, and the results of transport research. Recommendations for transport planning have been developed: a) distribute stops into multiple parts proposed using a queue theory model, b) some models for the rational placement of landing pads at a combined stop are proposed.
Features of Mechanization of Harvesting of Grain Crops from Plots of the I and II Stage of Selection Works
Authors: Podzorov A V , Khamuev V G , Chaplygin M E , Podzorova M V
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is to identify the list of machines for harvesting grain crops from plots I-II stage of selection works and to outline promising directions of development of harvesting machines designs. The article discusses various options for harvesting machines and their development in the period from 1976 to 2020. The appearance of the machines, their purpose and some parameters are presented. Their design and technological advantages and disadvantages are outlined. It is revealed that despite the fact that developed models of the machines exist, they are not mass-produced. Obviously, this is due to their low demand and factories see no benefit in setting up such production. Each of the presented machines allows increasing the productivity of mowing plants by a factor of 1,5 to 3. Many of the developed machines eliminate operator injury during operation.
Estimation of the Forecast Hydrocarbon Resources of the North-Eastern Arctic Shelf of Russia
Authors: Sleptsova M I
Published: February 2022

In the northeastern part of Russia, the shelfs of the Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi seas are promising for hydrocarbon raw materials. This article presents the predicted hydrocarbon reserves on the eastern Arctic shelf of Russia by various authors. The oil and gas potential of the northeastern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is shown to provide an opportunity for prospecting and the discovery of predicted hydrocarbon deposits, which will significantly optimize the fuel and energy balances of the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Problems Associated with Ensuring the Stability of the Roadbed in Difficult Conditions and Options to Solve Them
Authors: Nasonova N A , Zhdanova S M
Published: February 2022

The article refers to the problems of operating the earth in difficult conditions. Railways in difficult conditions, especially in areas of permafrost and deep seasonal freezing of soils, need constant supervision over the operational performance of the track superstructure in plan and profile, as well as the state of the subgrade from the adverse and destructive leverage of external factors of a natural and technogenic nature. Sections of the roadbed, being deformed for long periods of time, require significant operating costs and capital investments to ensure the stability of these sections.
Administrative Forestry Enterprise the Territory of Far Eastern Federal District Based on the Results of 2020
Authors: Yu Prikhodko O , Bychkova T A , Pretsiniek I P
Published: February 2022

The Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) of the Russian Federation (RF) includes 11 constituent entities with a total area of 555.3 million hectares, which is 48.5% of all forest lands in the country. Stock of wood forest plantations in the Far Eastern Federal District are 31% of the total stock of the Russian Federation, and ripe and over maturity stands prevail here. Most of the forests of the Far Eastern Federal District are boreal forests, which are known to be the regulator of the planet’s climate. The process of intensive development of natural forests in this area can lead to the release of large amounts of carbon. The unique biogeography of the region has led to a combination of unique species of flora and fauna in a single ecosystem, and, unfortunately, most of the commercial forests are concentrated in the same area. Exhausting forest management practices reduce the many interrelated protective and ecological functions of forests of local, regional and global importance. The implementation of the state policy in the field of forestry in this area is under the jurisdiction of the Department of Forestry for the Far Eastern Federal District. The current state of forestry and plans for its management are reflected in the reports of the official statistics of the department. First of all, at the state level, it is recognized that there are no relevant forest inventory materials on a part of the territory. The indicator of the availability of a stock of seeds for reforestation purposes has been fulfilled by 51.5% of the plan; the shortage of seeds of small-coniferous species is of concern. Extinguishing forest fires takes place in a controlled area, here the burning rate continues to remain last year, and the area covered by the fires increases in area. Forest fires are not extinguished in uncontrolled areas. An important problem in the region is crimes committed in the field of violations of forest legislation, namely, illegal logging of forest plantations is of an organizational nature. With all the natural uniqueness of the territory under consideration, economic activity here is fraught with a number of difficulties, which it is not possible for the executive authorities to solve on their own. Special attention should be paid to forestry in the Far Eastern Federal District.
Improving the Energy Efficiency of a Gas Compression System at a Compressor Station
Authors: Farukhshina R R , Kitayev S V , Darsaliya N M
Published: February 2022

For natural gas pumping via main gas line gas compressor units are used. During the gas compressor units’ operation, there are natural gas consumption as a fuel and for technological needs. To prevent the escape of gas from the internal cavity of the centrifugal compressor N-370-18-1 into machine room, the design considers a hydraulic seal “oil-gas”. The feature of centrifugal compressor with hydraulic seal “oil-gas” is the discharge of gas from the degassing chamber through a candle into the atmosphere. Rational use of wasted gas make it possible to gain a benefit by saving raw and reducing environmental charges. The gas discharged into the atmosphere is proposed to be used in the fuel gas system of the unit. This requires to bring gas parameters in particular pressure and temperature, to the required ones. The kinetic energy of the low-pressure (passive) gas directed from the gas separator to the candle can be increased by direct contact (mixing) with the high-pressure (active gas) flow in the gas-jet ejector. The complexity of the mathematical description of all processes occurring in ejectors with a three-dimensional flow, and the high cost of conducting experiments with gases other than air, make it cost-effective to use CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) modeling methods to study the processes of gas flow in ejectors. The article presents the gas flow modeling results of the gas flow in an ejector by the ANSYS Fluent software package.
Petrified Wood as a Paleontological Artifact, a Museum Object, Stone-Cutting Raw Materials in the Collections of Museum of Karst and Speleology of the Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Naumkin D V
Published: February 2022

The article tells about the collection of fossil mineralized wood kept in the Museum of Karst and Speleology of the Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was formed from 2004 to 2020. The collection includes specimens of mineralized woods from eleven localities (five of them are located in the Perm Krai) belonging to four geological systems - Permian, Triassic, Jurassic and Paleogene. Despite the small volume (35 storage units), our collection is quite representative both geographically and chronologically.
Analysis of the Possibility of Improving the Energy Efficiency of the LNG Shipment System from Large-Capacity Storage Facilities by Upgrading the Design of the Submersible Pump
Authors: Davydenko M I , Yu Baranov A
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research is to determine the most relevant way to improve the energy efficiency of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) shipment system from large-capacity storage facilities. The analysis of existing LNG shipment systems from storage tanks is carried out to identify critical (emergency) elements of the system that are subject to modernization, and possible options for upgrading structural elements. The work of the LNG shipment system from storage tanks is analysed, the main characteristics of the system are described. Based on the study, a method for improving the energy efficiency of the shipment system was determined – modernization of the design of the LNG submersible pump (LNGSP). The main types of submersible pumps for LNG, as well as types of drives, were studied in order to choose the most optimal option for upgrading CNG shipping systems. The replacement of the electric drive with a hydraulic turbine as part of the LNGSP was chosen as an upgrade. The possible modes of operation of the pumping unit after modernization are analysed. A mathematical description of the main operating modes has been compiled. In the future, it is necessary to calculate the hydraulic turbine in order to determine its geometric parameters.
Problems of Industrial Development and Possible Risks for the Preservation of the Natural Environment of the Altai Republic
Authors: Baylagasov L V , Kapitonova I L
Published: February 2022

In this article are examined possible risks for the preservation of the natural environment of the Altai Republic in the process of industrial development of the region. It is demonstrated, that industry in the Soviet period, including mining, did not have a significant impact on the natural environment. In the 1990s, in the context of the socio-economic crisis, many enterprises ceased their activities. At present, few industrial enterprises, which in terms of production volumes are small and less often medium-sized enterprises, have a local impact on the environment of the region. In the post-Soviet period, in the conditions of democracy and transparency, some projects being implemented and proposed for implementation provoke protests from local residents, including indigenous people. The implementation of some large investment projects in the field of recreational and tourist activities may have an impact on the natural environment of the region and create conflict situations with the local population.
Conditions for the Occurrence of Resonant Oscillations of Vertical Booster Pumping Units
Authors: Tokarev A P , Usmanova A M , Godovskiy D A
Published: February 2022

Features of vibration diagnostics and causes of vibration of vertical booster pump units are considered in the work. On the basis of experimental data and mathematical modeling, the excitation and natural frequencies of vibration characteristic of the pump unit NPV 3600-90-M are determined. It was established that the reverse frequency of the upgraded pump unit in the present case is resonant with its own frequency of the engine-supporting structure system, which is an above-ground part of the equipment under consideration. Taking into account unacceptable limits of ratio of natural and exciting frequencies, optimal range of natural frequency of above-ground part of pump unit is determined.
Predicting Accident Modes in a Gas Pipeline with Incomplete Parameters
Authors: Podvalny S L , Kutsova E V , Vasiljev E M
Published: February 2022

The paper solves the problem of predicting the emergency states of gas pipelines in cases where the initial parameters of the pipeline are not fully known a priori and can change during operation. The coefficient of heat transfer from gas to the external medium and the coefficient of internal viscous friction of hydraulic resistance are considered as such parameters. The theoretical calculation of these coefficients with sufficient accuracy for practice is very difficult due to the significant uncertainty of the actual conditions of heat transfer along the route and the current state of the pipeline. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of a steady gas flow in a pipeline is proposed, which is based on the assumptions about the polytrophic nature of the gas, as well as the non-isentropic and nonadiabatic nature of its flow. Together with the model, a method for identifying undefined coefficients has been developed. The problem of building the corresponding computational procedures with unknown boundary conditions is solved. An analysis of emergency states of a gas pipeline for cases of complete rupture and partial destruction of its wall was carried out by means of numerical modeling. Examples of using the developed model for predicting emergency states of gas pipelines are given.
Verification of the Construction and Architectural Component of the Design of the Fire Protection Regulations
Authors: Zvyagintseva A V , Sazonova S A , Sysoev D V
Published: February 2022

A systematic study of compliance with the planning standards of the construction and architectural component of the design of fire protection regulation according to the basic indicators that ensure fire resistance and fire safety of the building has been carried out. Detailed audit was conducted to verify evacuation routes and passages at the facility to the fire protection regulations. A detailed audit on the verification of protective barriers against smoke to the fire protection regulations has been implemented. Verification studies are implemented on a specific object. The required degree of fire resistance of the objects of various functionality has been fixed. The survey of compliance of building structures, evacuation routes and passageways, smoke barriers with regulations and guarantees of fire protection have been presented. It is established that the required degree of fire resistance of a multifunctional shopping and office center depends on the height of the building and the maximum floor area of all its parts of various functional fire hazards. During the compliance check of the multifunctional shopping and office center, violations of the requirements of norms and rules on fire safety were revealed.
About the Influence of the Neotectonic Movements on the Placement of Oil and Gas Deposits in the Difficult Mining and Geological Conditions of the Nepa-Botuoba Anteclise
Authors: Sevostyanova R F , Sitnikov V S
Published: February 2022

The Nepa-Botuoba anteclise is one of the unique territories within the ancient Siberian platform. At present, after more than half a century of oil and gas exploration, the territory of the Nepa-Botuoba petroleum area under consideration, with a comparative assessment of the oil and gas potential of the sedimentary cover of the Lena-Tunguska petroleum province, which covers the predominant part of the Siberian platform, is unambiguously distinguished as one of the petroleum region richest in hydrocarbons raw materials. This article examines the neotectonics of the territory of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise, provides information on the structure of the sedimentary cover. A brief description of the methodological approach is given, aimed at optimizing the methodology of oil and gas exploration in the conditions of the study area.
Features Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Bottom Sediments of Small Rivers
Authors: Muravyeva E V , Maslennikova N N , Gibadulina I I
Published: February 2022

The article considers one of the aspects of anthropogenic impact on river ecosystems – the accumulation of pollutants in bottom sediments. The authors analyze the state of small rivers, the study of which is not given enough attention, while their importance for maintaining the ecological well-being of local territories and the formation of their biological diversity can hardly be overestimated. The bottom sediments of two rivers (according to V.L. Rokhmistrov’s classification - the smallest and small) are being investigated for the content of heavy metal ions; the granulometric composition of sediments and the content of organic matter in them are also determined. The results of the study indicate the presence of some regularities in the distribution of certain metals in bottom sediments of the river core, heavy pollution of sediments with mobile forms of heavy metals and their possible impact on the ecological state of its own drainage basin and the state of the large river fed by them.
Local Wastewater Treatment Plant for Dairy Production: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Vasina A I , Basamykina A N
Published: February 2022

Main factors that can negatively affect the operation of wastewater treatment plant for dairy production were identified. The main negative factors are: low automation of the process, high concentrations of chemical reagents that have a detrimental effect on the biological treatment stage, temporary fluctuations in pH values, insufficient amount of dissolved oxygen at the biological treatment stage. One of the main operation problems of local dairy wastewater treatment plant is a fluctuation of pH value over a wide range, especially at treatment plants of small enterprises. Biological treatment methods were considered as one of the most suitable technologies for the removal of organic substances from dairy wastewater. It was concluded that there are quite stringent conditions for each treatment stage. The pH range is almost neutral and fluctuate within 6-8.5. The average temperature of wastewater should be 20-30°C for optimal biochemical reactions. The concentration of dissolved oxygen plays an overriding concern for biological treatment stage, since good operation of processes of nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal are based on this indicator and will not proceed in case of deviations from the normal.
Engineering and Technical Solutions for Ensuring Security at Social Facilities
Authors: Zvyagintseva A V , Sazonova S A , Zaitsev A M
Published: February 2022

Engineering and technical solutions to ensure fire safety of the building and protection of people by deterministic factors have been installed. The object of research is a building of public social purpose. Constructive and planning solutions for preventing the spread of fire in the building of an object of class K0 for fire danger are diagnosed. The enclosing structures of the room must have a fire resistance index of at least REI 150. Technical solutions for evacuation routes and passageways, equipment that guarantees reliable protection from fires, communication in the building, ensuring procedures that implement the effective functioning of the fire Department to eliminate the source of fire have been formulated. Technical solutions for fire protection and communication systems of the building are justified in detail. Compensating measures are recommended for public buildings with an excess of the standard height and in the presence of six underground floors. It is specifically recommended to increase the fire resistance limits of load-bearing structures, stiffness cores – stair and elevator nodes and fire barriers to R/REI 180 and to provide the building with a type 5 warning system.
Similarity Theory when Selecting the Test Fire Parameters During Commissioning Tests of the System of Smoke Ventilation at a Closed Car Park
Authors: Sverdlov A V , Volkov M A , Rykov S V , Kudryavtseva I V
Published: February 2022

Fire protection of closed car parks, where it is possible to have a massive stay of people, is the most important and most crucial task when designing such facilities. The efficiency and effectiveness of smoke ventilation systems is achieved through compliance with design rules and numerical simulation of air distribution. The most reliable method is an experimental check of the efficiency of smoke ventilation. It is not possible to reproduce a real fire in the conditions of an object without damaging the structures of a building or a facility; therefore, tests are carried out with reduced, safe fire parameters. Based on the similarity theory, the article discusses the methodology for scaling test fire parameters and smoke ventilation parameters, which allows obtaining results relevant to the design fire parameters. In this case, the positive test results with lower parameters of the test fire confirm the design limits of the smoke distribution and the possibility of evacuating people from the car park in case of a fire having design parameters. An alternative to these scaling methods can only be the prediction of design test parameters and conditions based on the same calculation method, as well as the case when the prediction of the test results is confirmed by observations.
Anatomical and Morphological Features of the Leaves of Tilia Cordata Mill. As an Indicator of the Adaptive Capabilities of the Species to the Conditions of the Urban Environment
Authors: Gibadulina I I , Larionov M V , Maslennikova N N
Published: February 2022

Study of the anatomical and morphological features of the photosynthetic apparatus of Tilia cordata Mill. showed that the volume of leaf mesophyll cells in an urbanized environment is higher than in natural plantings. The cells of the palisade mesophyll of the leaf have a greater variability of this indicator during the growing season as compared to the cells of the spongy mesophyll. Positive correlations of the indicator of the volume of cells of the palisade mesophyll with the indicator of the air pollution index, the content of phenol, formaldehyde, benzo(a)pyrene and negative correlations with the content of nitrogen dioxide were noted. The indicator of the volume of cells of the leaf spongy mesophyll positively correlates only with the indicator of the atmospheric pollution index and the content of formaldehyde.
Geoecological Assessment of the Degree of Risk of the Fuel and Energy System in the Voronezh region
Authors: Mezhova L A , Zvyagintseva A V , Chertkov P V
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the negative impact of the regional fuel and energy system (RFES) on the environment of the Voronezh region. It is proposed to improve the monitoring system, taking into account the basic geoecological principles of an integrated approach, the stages of the study, with the definition of regional features, which are based on the assessment of socio-ecological and economic conditions and the efficiency of using information. When placing objects of the regional fuel and energy system, it is necessary to take into account the landscape features of the region. The analysis proved the need for a unified geoecological management system of the regional fuel and energy system. It will strengthen the regime of energy saving, reduce the degree of negative impact and improve technological processes, it will also reduce environmental risks to public health. Comprehensive geoecological monitoring will allow predicting the geoecological situation in the region. The historically developed spatial regional fuel and energy system of the Voronezh Region has a number of disadvantages, so there is the need to modernize equipment and the regulation system.
Some Algorithms of Differential-Ranging Acoustic Positioning System Intended for AUV Group Based on a Particle Filter
Authors: Shcherbatyuk D A
Published: February 2022

The paper considers the problem of providing for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) group navigation using an acoustic long-base line (LBL) differential-ranging (DR) positioning system. An algorithm is presented that solving the navigation problem of the DR acoustic positioning system (APS), based on the use of a particle filter (PF). The simulation results are presented using the developed algorithm, proving its effectiveness and capacity for operation.
Information System to Analyze Human Environmental Wellbeing for Assessing and Reducing Technogenic Risk
Authors: Bezborodova O E , Bodin O N , Chuvykin B V
Published: February 2022

The article provides a rationale for the need of developing the information system to analyze human environmental wellbeing (HEW) on the basis of artificial neural networks. The application of artificial neural networks is pre-conditioned by the need of prompt analysis and processing to take decisions on the implementation of environment protection measures for large data arrays accumulated as a result of environmental monitoring. The suggested information system for technogenic risk assessment implements a multi-limit way to control the state of a multi-parametric object and allows assessing human environmental wellbeing in real time. The authors provide structural charts for the information system to assess technogenic risk and the block to process and store information on the basis of an artificial neural network LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization). The authors provide an algorithm and the results for the artificial neural network LVQ training.
About the Role of Digitalization of Agriculture in Reducing the Impact of Climate on the Technological Development of Crop Production
Authors: Akmarov P B , Rysin I I , Knyazeva O P
Published: February 2022

The article presents the generalized results of century-long observations of changes in the yield of grain crops of Udmurtia against the background of climate variation and the development of production technologies. The trends in the development of crop production are revealed and the influence of meteorological indicators on the efficiency of agriculture is proved. The correlations of grain yield with the temperature regime and moisture supply in certain periods of plant growth are considered. It is established that the climatic conditions of plant growth from April to June have the greatest role in the formation of the crop. There is a positive relationship between the yield and the average annual temperature of the previous year. Based on the analysis of time series of meteorological indicators for temperatures and precipitation in the summer period, trend equations are obtained, which prove the regularities of the growth of the average daily temperature and average monthly precipitation over a multi-year interval. A rather significant direct influence on plant growth of the average temperature of April, which determines the intensity of soil processes, has been revealed. At the same time, the existence of cyclic components in changes in temperature and precipitation is confirmed, and the frequency of these cycles is calculated. The tendency of reducing the role of natural factors in the formation of the crop with the use of innovative technologies and digitalization of the industry is proved. The possibilities of applying modern scientific achievements and technical solutions to reduce the role of climatic factors in the production of crop products are shown.
Automation Prospects in Rice Growing
Authors: Sysoev O E , Sysoev E O , Solovev D B
Published: February 2022

This article considers the solution for the automation problem in rice growing. Currently, every seventh resident of the earth is involved in rice growing and processing, and all countries experience insufficiency of labor resources for this work. To solve this problem, the authors suggest using an automated agricultural self-propelled platform (AASPP) that will help completely automate rice growing and solve environmental, economic, social, and infrastructural problems of rural residents. Besides, it can help eliminate many of the technical problems of rice growing, such as the horizontal leveling off the field, corrosion of agricultural machines, complying with agrotechnical standards when planting, and the correlations between the terms of agrotechnological works using machines and mechanisms and soil humidity and other natural conditions. Solving the problem of rice growing automation will help satisfy the needs of this agricultural sector in labor and free 30-50% of people involved in rice growing to be employed in other economic sectors.
Improving the Efficiency of the Tank Farm of the Well Product Preparation System
Authors: Levitin R E , Zakirzakov A G , Pimnev A L
Published: February 2022

The article deals with a set of issues related to the design of a reservoir park for the preparation of well products. In the calculation part, the required capacity was calculated for the selection of the main equipment of the tank farm. Also, the selection of auxiliary equipment of the fleet and the calculation of the proposed option for optimizing the operation of the fleet are carried out. The main technological operations, which are feasible with the help of the selected equipment, are considered. The technical characteristics of the equipment are given.
Modification of Permeability Cube of Geologic and Hydrodynamic Model Under Various Volumes of Input Data
Authors: Krivoshchekov S N , Kochnev A A , Kozyrev N D , Mengaliev A G
Published: February 2022

At any stage of field development, the process of developing and history-matching geologic and hydrodynamic models has many uncertainties. To improve reliability of geologic and hydrodynamic models all the available information shall be used. For undeveloped fields, these are the results of hydrodynamic well tests at the stage of early production, and for fields with a high degree of exploration all the available information shall be objectively integrated. This paper considers various approaches to improvement of geological and hydrodynamic models’ reliability. The authors propose a method of hydrodynamic model history-matching to indicator diagrams results. To refine permeability cube at underexplored fields, it is proposed to history-match the geologic and hydrodynamic model to the results of hydrodynamic tests carried out at exploration stage. For fields with a high degree of exploration, it is proposed to integrate different studies. Linear discriminant analysis was used for this purpose. As a result, this allowed to significantly reduce the model adaptation time and increase its predictive reliability.
Improvement of Hydraulic Facing Technology by Modeling Permeability Formed Cracks for Specific Mining and Geologi-cal Conditions
Authors: Arutyunyan A S , Petrushin E O , Kusova L G
Published: February 2022

The article describes the improvement of hydraulic fracturing technology by modeling the permeability of the formed fractures for specific mining and geological conditions. The description of the main indicators of the properties of the propping material for hydraulic fracturing is given. To prevent undesirable consequences when using various proppants in a number of Russian fields, testing was carried out for the proppant compliance with the ANI RP-56 standard, the results of which are shown in the article. Shown that it can be seen that the type of proppant and its physicochemical characteristics significantly affect the permeability of the hydraulic fracture. Therefore, only after conducting studies to assess the permeability in conditions close to reservoir conditions in the well, it is possible to select the type of proppant for hydraulic fracturing, potentially the most effective for specific mining and geological conditions. Concluded that the correct choice of proppant material for hydraulic fracturing minimizes the percentage of the probability of fracture of the proppant grains in the hydraulic fracture, as well as the removal of proppant grains into the wellbore, which ultimately has a positive effect on the well operation during development and operation in design mode.
Principles of the Inclusion Green Spaces in the Public Area of a Residential Building
Authors: Zhdanova I V , Kayasova D S , Kuznetsova A A
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore modern solutions for the introduction of green spaces in the structure of residential buildings. The world practical experience is summarized, which has revealed three ways of external landscaping of buildings – a green roof, a green facade with climbing plants and a green wall. Two groups of public spaces in a residential building are also defined – open and closed, in which different types of landscaping can be used. Also, foreign experience shows the use of landscaping in transit, utility and technical spaces. The study reveals the main methods of introducing green spaces for residential buildings on the example of the city of Samara in the form of conceptual schemes. And also, generalization of the space-planning solutions of a residential building with the introduction of landscaping, allowed us to formulate the basic principles of designing green public spaces: the principle of transit landscaping, the principle of green zoning, the principle of green separation, the principle of green unification, the principle of double landscaping. It is determined that the world experience of the introduction of landscaping in the space of a residential building must be adapted to the Russian conditions. This, in turn, will increase both the ecological and aesthetic component, as well as ensure social interaction of residents and the comfort of living.
Optimum Number of Herbage Mix Components for Pastures in the Cryolithic Zone Near the Amga River Used for Haymaking and Grazing
Authors: Pavlov N E , Platonova A Z , Storozheva N N
Published: February 2022

This article presents the results of multiyear work on the establishment of the optimum number of herbage mix components in the cryomorphic alluvial soils of the Amga river. The authors provide recommendations on seeding rates and times for herbage mixes. They present the data on the dynamics of herbage yields. Herbage yield changes across the experiment options depending on the age of the herbage mix, vegetation periods, and the hydrothermal index. The authors recommend using the agroecological components of herbage mixes with the drought-tolerant crop of the Manchaary variety of psathyrostachys juncea. The authors establish the options that are guaranteed to produce 128-140 dt/ha of herbage on average without watering. Irrespective of the weather conditions during the research years, herbage mixes showed a weak negative correlation between the yields of herbages of different ages and the hydrothermal indices over the research years. In 4 and 5-component herbage mixes, the correlation coefficient shows an explicit negative correlation. This signifies that the Manchary variety is a good choice for future forage grass mixes. The research mainly focused on recognized varieties of forage grasses. The conducted research showed that the Manchaary variety is sustainable and can be used over a long time both on its own or as part of complex herbage mixes of up to 5 components.
Theoretical Study of the Influence of Seeding on the Dynamics of Propane Hydrate Nuclei Formation in Pure and Sea Water
Authors: Gets K V , Zhdanov R K , Bozhko Yu Yu , Belosludov V R
Published: February 2022

The effect of the addition of a propane hydrate seed on the dynamics of nucleation in propane solutions based on pure or seawater is considered within the framework of the molecular dynamics method. The time dependencies of the number of long-lived hydrogen bonds and the number of 512 and 51264 cavities formed were calculated. It was shown that presence of the seed leads to the immediate increase in the number of “stable” hydrogen bonds and the growth of hydrate nuclei, which can significantly reduce the induction time of hydrate formation in industrial use and, consequently, enhance the efficiency of the hydrate method of seawater desalination.
Need for Inter-Regional Cooperation in Solid Municipal Waste Management in the Regions of the Far East of Russia
Authors: Shpakova R N
Published: February 2022

This article revises the cooperation opportunities of the regions of the Russian Far East in solid municipal waste management. Despite the federal and regional programs encouraging more rational waste management, the situation is quite tense, which sometimes results in the declaration of an emergency state. This is due to the low profitability of solid municipal waste management and, as a result, low investment activity in this sector.

The authors demonstrate that inter-regional cooperation is a promising area of development for solid municipal waste management systems. This can be manifested in the distribution of deep processing facilities for household waste among regions using the transport capacities of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. The specifics of cargo turnover in this railroad shall help organize waste transportation at relatively low costs.
Influence of Seasonal Temperature Variations on Electromagnetic Characteristics of Frozen Soils by the Degree of Thawing and Freezing
Authors: Efremov V N
Published: February 2022

Seasonal temperature fluctuations in frozen soils cause changes in their ice content which are accompanied by resistivity changes and electromagnetic emission. This study examines the periodic seasonal variation in apparent resistivity of permafrost soils based on field measurements of the surface impedance in the 100–1000 kHz frequency range. The characteristic changes in soil temperature and apparent resistivity associated with particular time periods are presented. The data show that the apparent resistivity values are consistent with the degree of soil freezing. Rapid freezing or thawing of the active layer causes electromagnetic emission in frozen soils. These features can be used to monitor and predict changes in permafrost conditionsunder climatic or anthropogenic impacts.
Structure and the Basic Operating Principles of Test Water Zone for the Testing of Unmanned and Self-Piloted Vessels
Authors: Karetnikov V , Ol’Khovik E , Butsanets A
Published: February 2022

Standard procedures for the assessment of vessel maneuverability cannot be used to the full extent for unmanned, self-piloted, and autonomous vessels. This is due to the fact that during field tests of these vessel types, the maneuvers resulting from control commands from the operator or the autonomous control system are hard to record. Therefore, these tests require modern technical solutions that would provide the proper accuracy of control parameter measurement. Field tests of unmanned, self-piloted, and autonomous vessels conducted using modern technical solutions for navigation should include the independent measurement of movements of the vessel’s bow and stern. The goal of this article is to develop a structure of a test water zone for safe field testing of unmanned, self-piloted, and autonomous vessels or robotized surface objects.
Using Statistical Methods for Assessment of Wear Product Content Limits of Engine Oils Used in Agriculture
Authors: Maltseva E I , Keruchenko L S , Shimokhin A V , Zakharov S V
Published: February 2022

Currently, the quantitative assessment of wear product content in oils is becoming more relevant due to the introduction of diagnostic and maintenance methods based on the current condition of machinery in the agricultural sector. The changes in the physical and chemical properties of engine oils and the accumulation of wear products in them during operation help diagnose the technical condition of the key component of tractors, the engine. At the same time, it allows for the assessment of the state of the oil itself. The use of spectral analysis for the assessment of metal content in oils helped to significantly increase the speed of wear product content identification with sufficient accuracy. This diagnostic method stipulates that apart from the spectral analysis, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests of the physical and chemical properties of oils. Any of the measured properties of engine oils can be used as a diagnostic parameter to be used for the assessment of engine condition without disassembling and the possibility of its further fault-free use for a specific time. That being said, the accuracy of the diagnostic forecast using the wear parameters depends on the accuracy of these parameters. Wear depends on a large number of factors, the majority of which are randomly manifested throughout the operation of the machinery, and the changes in the parameters can be assessed using statistical methods. At the same time, labeling some of the engine components as faulty or non-faulty depends on the accuracy of the “reference standard”, which we understand as the limit value for the wear product content in oil. This article aims at determining the limit value for the wear product content in oil using statistical methods.
Analysis of Impact of Novoroscement OJSC on Dust Content
Authors: Mamas N N , Tislenko M V
Published: February 2022

This article considers the environmental impacts of industrial production. Russian Federation, Krasnodar Territory, Novorossiysk, Verkhnebakansky, 1 Zavodskaya St. Novorossiysk is located in the moderate climate zone.

Cement production generates a lot of dust that damages flora, fauna, and human health.

Total emissions per one plant over its lifetime is 1970.1 tons.

Prolonged exposure to dust causes such diseases as bronchitis, lung cancer, silicosis, tuberculosis, and tetanus.

Dust particles suppress the growth rate and development of plants. The trees around the Novoroscement OJSC factory are severely suppressed. The soil around the factory also experiences heavy technogenic loads. The company has to use special dust filters to prevent air pollution. To reduce the concentration of dust at the industrial factory, it is necessary to create green spaces in the areas where pollutants spread.