bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the selectivity of cytochrome P450 for enhanced novel anticancer agent synthesis
Authors: Čivić Janko , McFarlane Neil R. , Masschelein Joleen , Harvey Jeremy N.
Published: February 2024

This work exemplifies the use of machine-learned 3D structure predictors combined with molecular docking to generate poses for atomistic study via molecular dynamics, ultimately enabling rapid insight into a novel biosynthetic cascade.
Synergistic catalysis of tandem Li/S-1 and Sn-Beta catalysts for the conversion of glucose to fructose and lactic acid at 90 °C in water
Authors: Zhang Yanfei , Li Wanting , Li Wenqian , Zhu Yanfeng , Chen Longfei , Miao Gai , Luo Hu , Chen Xinqing , Kong Lingzhao
Published: February 2024

Li/S-1 & Sn-Beta catalysts were exploited to yield fructose (56.0%) and lactic acid (33.1%) from glucose in water at 90 °C under atmospheric pressure.
Covalently linked thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-fullerene dimers: synthesis and physical characterization
Authors: M. Alazemi Abdulrahman , BinSabt Mohammad H. , Al-Matar Hamad M. , Balch Alan L. , Shalaby Mona A.
Published: February 2024

Linked thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-fullerene Dimers.
Optical deformations of azobenzene polymers: orientation approach vs. other concepts
Authors: Saphiannikova Marina , Toshchevikov Vladimir , Tverdokhleb Nina
Published: February 2024

A multitude of theoretical concepts devoted to photodeformation and alignment in azobenzene polymers are reviewed for their predictive abilities. The universality of the modern approach based on the orientation mechanism is demonstrated.
A broadband near-infrared emission Na3Al2(PO4)2F3:Cr3+phosphor exhibiting zero photoluminescence quenching at 398 K
Authors: Wu Huijie , Liang Sisi , You Weixiong , Liu Le , Guo Yongwei , Wang Shujian , Song Liping , Wang Zihao , Zhu Haomiao
Published: February 2024

A novel Cr3+-doped phosphor is synthesized towards zero thermal quenching and broadband emission for NIR applications.
Shaping epithelial lumina under pressure
Authors: Bovyn Matthew J. , Haas Pierre A.
Published: February 2024

The formation of fluid- or gas-filled lumina surrounded by epithelial cells pervades development and disease. We review the balance between lumen pressure and mechanical forces from the surrounding cells that governs lumen formation. We illustrate the mechanical side of this balance in several examples of increasing complexity, and discuss how recent work is beginning to elucidate how nonlinear and active mechanics and anisotropic biomechanical structures must conspire to overcome the isotropy of pressure to form complex, non-spherical lumina.
On optimization of resource allocation for LTE aided by WLAN networks with unlicensed frequency bands in internet of vehicles
Authors: Yao Di , Zhang Kai , Song Huaju , Wei Sha , Qian Yuwen , Li Jun
Published: February 2024

Due to the explosive growth of communication devices and vehicles, the ever‐increasing communication data traffic is a challenge for mobile communication in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). A practical solution is to offload the traffic from cellular networks to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), that is, WiFi, where the spectrum is license‐free. However, the coordination of unlicensed spectrum severely reduces the utilization rate on the spectrum. In this case, unlicensed networks assisted access is proposed to facilitate long‐term evolution technology in unlicensed spectrum (LTE‐U). To improve the data rate for LTE‐U and WLAN users, an allocation optimization scheme for the resources of the licensed and unlicensed spectrum is proposed. Accordingly, the data rate of LTE‐U users and WLAN users can be maximized by adjusting the transmit power and the frequency occupancy time ratio of the unlicensed spectrum for the small cell and WLAN users. Numerical results show that the proposed hybrid LTE networks with WLAN can improve the communication efficiency for the served users.
Mechanical dicing of optical quality facets and waveguides in a silicon nitride platform
Authors: Gow Paul C , Churchill Glenn M , Vitali Valerio , Bucio Thalia Dominguez , Gardes Frederic Y , D'Souza Matthew P , Petropoulos Periklis , Gawith Corin B E , Gates James C
Published: February 2024

The authors report a ductile dicing process for manufacturing optical‐quality facets in a multi‐layered silicon nitride platform without the need for polishing. A surface roughness (Sa) of 1.5 nm was achieved. This technique was extended to fabricate ridge waveguides, and the results and characterization are reported.
Multistage converter with reduced switch voltage stress and diode current stress
Authors: Bhaskar M. S. , Subramaniam Umashankar , Almakhles Dhafer , Selvam Sivakumar , Muhibbullah M.
Published: February 2024

The utilization of switched inductors, involving parallel charging and series discharging of inductors, is extensively embraced in diverse DC–DC converters for attaining high voltage gain; nevertheless, the stress on switch voltage and diode current escalates considerably with an increased count of inductors integrated into the switched inductors network. In the classical multistage switched inductor converter, the switch voltage aligns with the output voltage, and the diode experiences a high current as the number of stages increases. This research recommends a DC–DC multistage converter for energy conversion and high voltage gain with low stress. In this paper, a novel multistage switched inductor converter is introduced and designed to attain higher voltage gain while mitigating the stresses on switch voltage and diode current. The proposed circuit is created by replacing the standard multistage switched inductor converter's possible diodes with power switches. All of the switching devices are connected in such a way that the output voltage and input current are shared by all of the switches and diodes, respectively. As a consequence, the voltage stress on switches and the current stress on diodes are comparatively low, resulting in a high efficiency compared to a typical multistage switched inductor converter. It's interesting to note that the proposed converter and a typical multistage switched inductor converter both require the same amount of components. Different operation modes, analysis, a non‐ideal model, and a comparison of the suggested and recently constructed converters are discussed. The effectiveness and performance of the circuit are validated experimentally.
A new differential magnetic‐field probe with high detection sensitivity for near‐field scanning
Authors: Nie Duan , Wang Ruiqi , Wang Lei
Published: February 2024

In this article, a new differential magnetic‐field probe with high detection sensitivity for near‐field scanning is proposed. The proposed probe consists of a U‐shaped differential loop as a driven element, a pair of asymmetric inverted U‐shaped differential loops as a parasitic element, two transmission line, two connected vias, two shorted vias, and two output ports. Connected and shorted vias are used to form the sensing structure with high sensitivity. Some shield vias are used to reject the unwanted electric–field coupling. The proposed probe is simulated, fabricated, and measured to demonstrate the design rationality. The measured results reveal that the presented probe has a higher detection sensitivity and a high electric‐field suppression ratio greater than −35 dB in the range of 0.01 to 20 GHz.
Modeling the structure of the dayside Venusian ionosphere: Impacts of protonation and Coulomb interaction
Authors: Wu Xiaoshu , Cui Jun , Wu Shiqi , Gu Hao , Cao Yutian , Liang Wenjun , Liao Shuxin
Published: February 2024

Context. The CO2-dominated thick atmosphere of Venus coexists with an ionosphere that is mainly formed, on the dayside, via the ionization of atmospheric neutrals by solar extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray photons. Despite extensive modeling efforts that have reproduced the electron distribution reasonably well, we note two main shortcomings with respect to prior studies. The effects of pro-tonation and Coulomb interaction are crucial to unveiling the structure and composition of the Venusian ionosphere.

Aims. We evaluate the role of protonated species on the structure of the dayside Venusian ionosphere for the first time. We also evaluate the role of ion-ion Coulomb collisions, which are neglected in many existing models.

Methods. Focusing on the solar minimum condition for which the effect of protonation is expected to be more prominent, we constructed a detailed one-dimensional photochemical model for the dayside Venusian ionosphere, incorporating more than 50 ion and neutral species (of which 17 are protonated species), along with the most thorough chemical network to date. We included both ion-neutral and ion-ion Coulomb collisions. Photoelectron impact processes were implemented with a two-stream kinetic model.

Results. Our model reproduces the observed electron distribution reasonably well. The model indicates that protonation tends to diverge the ionization flow into more channels via a series of proton transfer reactions along the direction of low to high proton affinities for parent neutrals. In addition, the distribution of O2+is enhanced by protonation by a factor of nearly 2 at high altitudes, where it is efficiently produced via the reaction between O and OH+. We find that Coulomb collisions influence the topside Venusian ionosphere not only directly by suppressing ion diffusion, but also indirectly by modifying ion chemistry. Two ion groups can be distinguished in terms of the effects of Coulomb collisions: one group preferentially produced at high altitudes and accumulated in the topside ionosphere, which is to be compared with another group that is preferentially produced at low altitudes and, instead, depleted in the topside ionosphere.

Conclusions. Both protonation and Coulomb collisions have appreciable impacts on the topside Venusian ionosphere, which account for many of the significant differences in the model ion distribution between this study and early calculations.
Unveiling [C II] clumps in a lensed star-forming galaxy at z ∼ 3.4
Authors: Zanella A. , Iani E. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Richard J. , De Breuck C. , Vernet J. , Kohandel M. , Arrigoni Battaia F. , Bolamperti A. , Calura F. , Chen C.-C. , Devereaux T. , Ferrara A. , Mainieri V. , Pallottini A. , Rodighiero G. , Vallini L. , Vanzella E.
Published: February 2024

Context. Observations at UV and optical wavelengths have revealed that galaxies at z ∼ 1 − 4 host star-forming regions, dubbed “clumps”, which are believed to form due to the fragmentation of gravitationally unstable, gas-rich disks. However, the detection of the parent molecular clouds that give birth to such clumps is still possible only in a minority of galaxies, mostly at z ∼ 1.

Aims. We investigated the [C II] and dust morphology of a z ∼ 3.4 lensed galaxy hosting four clumps detected in the UV continuum. We aimed to observe the [C II] emission of individual clumps that, unlike the UV, is not affected by dust extinction, to probe their nature and cold gas content.

Methods. We conducted ALMA observations probing scales down to ∼300 pc and detected three [C II] clumps. One (dubbed “NE”) coincides with the brightest UV clump, while the other two (“SW” and “C”) are not detected in the UV continuum. We do not detect the dust continuum.

Results. We converted the [C II] luminosity of individual clumps into molecular gas mass and found Mmol ∼ 108 M⊙. By complementing it with the star formation rate (SFR) estimate from the UV continuum, we estimated the gas depletion time (tdep) of clumps and investigated their location in the Schmidt–Kennicutt plane. While the NE clump has a very short tdep = 0.16 Gyr, which is comparable with high-redshift starbursts, the SW and C clumps instead have longer tdep > 0.65 Gyr and are likely probing the initial phases of star formation. The lack of dust continuum detection is consistent with the blue UV continuum slope estimated for this galaxy (β ∼ −2.5) and it indicates that dust inhomogeneities do not significantly affect the detection of UV clumps in this target.

Conclusions. We pushed the observation of the cold gas content of individual clumps up to z ∼ 3.4 and showed that the [C II] line emission is a promising tracer of molecular clouds at high redshift, allowing the detection of clumps with a large range of depletion times.
Energy stable and structure-preserving schemes for the stochastic Galerkin shallow water equations
Authors: Dai Dihan , Epshteyn Yekaterina , Narayan Akil
Published: February 2024

The shallow water flow model is widely used to describe water flows in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. Accounting for uncertainty in the corresponding transport-dominated nonlinear PDE models presents theoretical and numerical challenges that motivate the central advances of this paper. Starting with a spatially one-dimensional hyperbolicity-preserving, positivity-preserving stochastic Galerkin formulation of the parametric/uncertain shallow water equations, we derive an entropy-entropy flux pair for the system. We exploit this entropy-entropy flux pair to construct structure-preserving second-order energy conservative, and first- and second-order energy stable finite volume schemes for the stochastic Galerkin shallow water system. The performance of the methods is illustrated on several numerical experiments.
Efficacy of a combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard® Combo) against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infected cats
Authors: Di Cesare Angela , Zanet Stefania , Traversa Donato , Colombo Mariasole , Tielemans Eric , Beugnet Frederic , Ferroglio Ezio
Published: February 2024

This clinical study assessed the efficacy of a topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (NexGard® Combo) in treating cats naturally infected with the eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda (Nematoda, Thelaziidae). On Study Day (SD) 0, sixteen client-owned cats with eyeworm infection were allocated to an untreated control group (G1, 8 cats) or to a NexGard® Combo treated group (G2, 8 cats) and subjected to ocular examination. Cats in G2 received the treatment as per label recommendations. On SD 7 and 14 (±1), cats were examined for the presence of eyeworms and clinical signs. On SD 14, eyeworms were collected and counted. On SD 7 and 14, all cats in G1 were still infected with eyeworms, while G2 cats were free from eyeworms on SD 7 and 14, demonstrating 100% efficacy (p < 0.0001). All collected eyeworms were morphologically and molecularly confirmed to be T. callipaeda. On SD 0, fifteen out of the sixteen cats (7 in G1 and 8 in G2) displayed inflammatory ocular signs. On SD 7, all eight untreated cats and seven treated cats displayed inflammatory ocular signs. On SD 14, five out of eight G2 treated cats had recovered, while the eight untreated cats still displayed inflammatory ocular signs. The treatment significantly reduced lacrimation and conjunctivitis (p = 0.0001). No adverse reactions occurred. This clinical study provides evidence that NexGard® Combo is highly safe and effective for the treatment of T. callipaeda infection in cats under field conditions.
Neues zu Weichteilsarkomen
Authors: Burkhard-Meier Anton , Berclaz Luc M. , Di Gioia Dorit , Lindner Lars H.
Published: February 2024

Was ist neu?

Lokalisierte Stadien Die kurative Resektion +/– prä- oder postoperative Strahlentherapie ist die Therapiebasis im lokalisierten Stadium. Bei hohem Rezidivrisiko ist eine neoadjuvante anthrazyklinbasierte Kombinationstherapie, ggf. in Kombination mit regionaler Hyperthermie, zu erwägen.

Metastasiertes Stadium Anthrazykline gelten auch im metastasierten Stadium weiterhin als Standard für die Erstlinientherapie. Anthrazyklinbasierte Kombinationen können je nach Subtyp und Remissionsdruck in Betracht gezogen werden. Zugelassene Zweitlinientherapien sind Trabectedin, Pazopanib (außer beim Liposarkom) und Eribulin (nur beim Liposarkom). Als formal nicht zugelassene Therapie findet häufig eine Kombination aus Gemcitabin und Docetaxel Anwendung.

Gastrointestinaler Stromatumor (GIST) und Desmoid Für fortgeschrittene GIST ist Ripretinib als Viertlinientherapie neu zugelassen. Avapritinib stellt die erste wirksame Systemtherapie bei GIST mit PDGFRA-D842V-Mutation dar. Für Desmoid-Tumore könnte mit Nirogacestat zukünftig eine neue medikamentöse Therapie zur Verfügung stehen.

Immuntherapie und zielgerichtete Therapien Bislang hat sich die Immuntherapie nur vereinzelt als wirksam erwiesen, und es stehen keine validierten Biomarker zur Verfügung. Eine Ausnahme bildet das alveoläre Weichteilsarkom. Hier ist die Immuncheckpunkt-Blockade wirksam, was zur Zulassung von Atezolizumab in den USA geführt hat. Als EZH2-Inhibitor ist Tazemetostat ebenfalls in den USA für Patienten mit epitheloidem Sarkom zugelassen. Für Sarkompatienten mit seltener NTRK-Fusion sind die spezifischen Inhibitoren Larotrectinib und Entrectinib verfügbar und auch in Deutschland zugelassen.
Use of sources of final-year veterinary students to answer clinical
research questions
Authors: Trzebiatowski Lukas , Wehrend Axel
Published: February 2024

Objective Until now, sources used by final-year veterinary students to
develop clinical questions have not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim of this
study was to record the use of sources by final-year veterinary students. This
data should assist with the improvement of future veterinary teaching and enable
it to meet the needs of students and veterinarians.

Material and methods For this purpose, the use of sources by 172 students
in the compulsory development of a clinical question was evaluated.

Results The most frequently cited sources were textbooks (37.7%),
lecture notes (27.0%), websites (15.4%), professional articles
(11.8%), scientific papers (7.8%), and, least frequently, the
category of legal texts (0.3%).

Conclusion This study demonstrates that students primarily use sources
with which they are familiar from their studies. Educators should be aware of
this and design their lecture materials accordingly.

Clinical relevance Teaching students competence in the use of scientific
literature is a task for teachers in the future.
Anwendbarkeit, Wiederholbarkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der
deutschen Version der Glasgow Composite Measured Pain Scale – feline
während der Einführungsphase in eine
Kleintierklinik
Authors: Schütter Alexandra , Chorbadzhieva Ana , Kästner Sabine
Published: February 2024

Gegenstand und Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war es, die
Reproduzierbarkeit und Praktikabilität der Anwendung der
deutschsprachigen Version der Glasgow Composite Measured Pain Scale –
feline (GCMPS-F) während der Einführung in den klinischen Alltag
zu überprüfen.

Material und Methode Die Studie bestand aus 2 Teilen, die Teilnahme des
tiermedizinischen Personals war freiwillig. In Teil 1 der Studie wurde ein
Schmerzscore von 45 kranken und 10 gesunden Katzen anhand der felinen GCMPS-F
durch eine Hauptuntersucherin (AC) und 15 Klinikmitarbeiter (alle Untersucher
(all rater)=AR) unterschiedlicher Erfahrungsstufe (Tiermedizinische
Fachangestellte, Anfangsassistent, Assistent, Oberarzt) aus 4 Abteilungen
(Anästhesie, Innere Medizin, Chirurgie, Neurologie) erhoben. In Teil 2
erhielten die Teilnehmer einen Online-Fragebogen, der nach ihren Erfahrungen bei
der Anwendung der GCMPS-F während der systematischen Schmerzbeurteilung
und nach möglichen Verbesserungsvorschlägen fragte. Die
Datenverteilung aus Teil 1 wurde anhand des Shapiro-Wilk-Test und visuell mit
Histogrammen geprüft. Für die Ermittlung der Intrarater- und
Interrater-Reliabilität wurde die Interklassenkorrelation ermittelt.
Teil 2 wurde mit deskriptiven, statistischen Verfahren ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die GCMPS-F zeigte eine moderate
Interrater-Reliabilität (ICC
AR
: 0,59) und eine gute
Intrarater-Reliabilität (ICC
AC
: 0,88). Die Ergebnisse
der Schmerzbewertung von internistischen (AR: 3,06±2,33, AC:
3,52±2,34) und chirurgischen Patienten (AR: 3,78±2,38, AC:
4,02±2,72) unterschieden sich nicht signifikant. Alle Kontrolltiere
wurden sicher als „schmerzfrei“ eingestuft (AR:
0,77±0,67, AC: 1,09±0,83). Der Grad der klinischen Erfahrung
hatte keinen Einfluss auf die erhobenen Schmerzwerte. Die GCMPS-F wurde als
einfach anwendbar und als nützliches Hilfsmittel zur Evaluierung
unklarer Schmerzustände angesehen.

Zusammenfassung Die GCMPS-F hatte eine gute Akzeptanz und eine moderate
Interrater-Reliabilität.

Klinische Relevanz Anhand der deutschen Version der GCMPS-F kann das
mögliche Vorliegen von Schmerzen bei Katzen durch
veterinärmedizinisches Personal unterschiedlicher Ausbildungsstufen und
Fachrichtungen einfach und ohne vorausgegangenes, intensives Training evaluiert
werden.
Juvenile Dermatomyositis und andere idiopathische inflammatorische Myopathien des Kindesalters
Authors: Dressler Frank , Hinze Claas
Published: February 2024

Die juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) ist die häufigste idiopathische inflammatorische Myopathie (IIM) des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Charakteristische Hautveränderungen bei der JDM sind ein symmetrisches Wangenerythem, heliotroper Ausschlag, Gottron-Zeichen sowie Nagelbettgefäßveränderungen. Andere IIM-Formen des Kindesalters sind das Anti-Synthetase-Syndrom (ASyS), immunvermittelte nekrotisierende Myopathie (IMNM) oder Overlap-Syndrome. Bei der Diagnosestellung und Kategorisierung hat die Bestimmung Myositis-spezifischer Antikörper zunehmend Bedeutung. Zur Diagnosestellung werden weitere Parameter und Untersuchungsmethoden wie Muskelenzyme, Immunaktivierungsmarker, Magnetresonanztomografie, Kapillarmikroskopie, Elektromyografie und/oder Haut- oder Muskelbiopsie herangezogen. Je nach klinisch-serologischem Subtyp kann eine weitere Organdiagnostik notwendig sein. Therapeutisch werden Glukokortikoide hochdosiert zur Induktionstherapie und mehrjährig Basistherapeutika wie Methotrexat, Ciclosporin oder andere Immunsuppressiva sowie Immunglobuline eingesetzt. Januskinase-Inhibitoren sind vielversprechend, da sie effektiv Interferon-Signalwege hemmen können. Physiotherapie und Widerstandstraining helfen, Kontrakturen und dem Verlust von Muskelmasse entgegenzuwirken. Die Prognose der IIM hat sich deutlich verbessert, dennoch sind Spätfolgen, wie z. B. eine persistierende Muskelatrophie, Kontrakturen oder Kalzinose relativ häufig.
Internistische Erkrankungen und Zusammenhang mit dem primären
Offenwinkelglaukom
Authors: Voigt Anna Maria , Grabitz Stephanie , Hoffmann Esther Maria , Schuster Alexander K.
Published: February 2024

Das primäre Offenwinkelglaukom (POWG) stellt eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung dar, in
dessen Verlauf es zu einer glaukomatösen Optikusatrophie mit korrespondierenden
Gesichtsfelddefekten kommt. In dieser Literaturübersicht werden Zusammenhänge zu
internistischen Erkrankungen berichtet und die zugrunde liegende Pathophysiologie
diskutiert. Hierbei wird die arterielle Hypertonie und Hypotonie, Diabetes mellitus,
Dyslipidämien, obstruktive Schlafapnoe, chronischer Nierenerkrankung und Migräne
diskutiert sowie Zusammenhänge mit der Einnahme von Medikamenten bei systemischen
Erkrankungen näher betrachten.
Necrotizing Parasagittal Meningioma in Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus after Treatments with Methotrexate and Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Wangapakul Thitikan , Moguel Ambar Elizabeth Riley , Kayssi Abdel Raouf
Published: February 2024

Objective Meningiomas are the most common extra-axial tumors of the central nervous system. Meningiomas are particularly problematic when they invade deep or vital structures, causing the tumors to be inoperable. Nonsurgical adjunctive or salvage treatments to shrink a meningioma with multiple recurrences, located in deep-seated area or surgically unfit area, remain underexplored. The authors report a rare case of a spontaneously necrotic meningioma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade I) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus on chronic methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine.

Case Study A 29-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus had been treated with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine for 7 years. She presented with episodes of seizures and hemiparesis. Neuroimaging revealed a possible necrotic meningioma in the left parietal parasagittal area. Subsequent intraoperative findings showed lytic tissue of the tumor, and by histopathology results the tumor was classified as WHO grade I with massive necrosis. After craniotomy with tumor removal, the patient's motor function fully recovered without recurrent seizures.

Discussions Necrotizing of small and benign meningioma is rarely found but otherwise interesting. The cause of this phenomenon is not yet understood thoroughly. In this case, we suspected various possible causes such as vasculitis interrupting blood supply, use of immunosuppressive drugs such as hydroxychloroquine or methotrexate, or, less likely, latent infections in the immunocompromised patient. Despite the lack of more evidence supports, this finding encourages further study of nonsurgical or salvage treatment of inoperable meningioma, so sequalae after refractory recurrences of meningioma can be prevented, and patient treatment outcomes can be improved.
Oral Soft Tissue Metastasis from Breast Cancer as the Only Primary Source: Systematic Review
Authors: Aga Nausheen , Shreevats Ruchira , Gupta Sonia , Sandhu Harman , Hassan Muna E.M. , Prajapati Harnisha V.
Published: February 2024

Background Breast cancer is one of the most lethal neoplasms causing death. Oral cavity is the rare site of distant metastasis from breast cancer. Very little research has been conducted to date to analyze breast cancer as the sole primary source of metastasis to the oral soft tissues. The goal of this study was to examine the published cases of oral soft tissue metastasis from breast cancer as the only primary source to date.

Methods An electronic search of the published literature was performed without publication year limitation in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, and Research Gate databases, using mesh keywords like (“Breast cancer”, OR “Breast carcinoma”) AND (“Metastasis” OR “Metastases”), And (“Oral soft tissues” OR “Tongue” OR “Palate” OR “Tonsil” OR “Buccal mucosa” OR “Floor of mouth” OR “Vestibule” OR “Salivary glands”). We also searched all related journals manually. The reference list of all articles was also checked.

Results Our research revealed 88 relevant papers (September 1967–September 2023) with 96 patients in total. The most predominant oral soft tissues involved were salivary glands followed by the gingiva, tonsils, tongue, and buccal mucosa. A total of 23% of patients died with an average survival time of 1 to 15 months.

Conclusions Oral soft tissue metastasis from breast cancer is a rare event and has a bad prognosis. More cases need to be published to raise awareness of these lesions.
Schmidt's Syndrome: An Uncommon Cause of Spontaneous Hypoglycemia
Authors: Zacharia George Sarin , Jacob Anu , Bose Binu Mary
Published: February 2024

Schmidt's syndrome, or autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS-2), is an uncommon disorder characterized by the co-occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis and adrenalitis. APS-2 is defined as a combination of Addison's disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus. It is an autosomal dominantly inherited polygenic disorder with incomplete penetrance; the candidate genes include but are not limited to HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4, CTLA-4, PTPN22, and CD25-IL-2. Autoimmune thyroiditis, often Hashimoto's disease, results in hypothyroidism. Primary adrenal failure results in enhanced secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone melanocyte and co-secretion of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, contributing to hyperpigmentation. Mineralocorticoid deficiency results in salt wasting, fatigue and cramps, postural hypotension, and hyperkalemia. Cortisol, an insulin counter-regulatory hormone, plays a pivotal role in maintaining euglycemia; deficiency predisposes to the development of hypoglycemia. We here report a rare presentation of Schmidt's syndrome as hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia in a middle-aged male patient. Management includes treatment of acute hypoglycemic episodes with glucose or glucagon, long-term glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids for adrenal insufficiency, and thyroid hormone supplements for hypothyroidism. This case report and brief overview aim to contribute to the scientific understanding of Schmidt's syndrome/APS-2. Additionally, here we briefly outline the diagnostic challenges in hypoglycemia evaluation, including the utilization of Whipple's triad and the gold standard supervised 72-hour fast and evaluation for primary adrenal and thyroid insufficiencies.
Clinical Feasibility of Artificial Intelligence-Based Autosegmentation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery in Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Mohan Aditi , Talapatra Kaustav , Sankhe Manoj , Kiron G. , Maniar Priyal , Kolekar Akshat , Kushe Saakshi , Kharote Prashant , Singh Anuradha , Patel Keval , Gupta Aayush , Patel Devarsh , Bardeskar Nikhil , Patkar Deepak
Published: February 2024

Introduction Breast cancer is a prevalent global disease, and radiotherapy plays a crucial role in its treatment. However, radiotherapy may lead to cardiac complications, particularly in patients receiving left-sided radiotherapy who may experience increased risks due to toxicity in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The manual contouring of the LAD artery is time-consuming and subject to variability. This study aimed to provide an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) based LAD artery contouring, assess its feasibility, and identify its limitations.

Objectives The primary objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of AI-based LAD artery contouring, compare different approaches, and quantify properties impacting accuracy. The secondary objective was to recommend algorithms with greater accuracy.

Materials and Methods A (noncontrast) computed tomography dataset of nine patients with breast cancer was used to analyze the features and behavior of the LAD artery. The functioning of different AI models used for autosegmentation was studied, and the LAD artery imaging features were identified and quantified using the widely used AI models. Additionally, an algorithm to reliably compute interpatient variability in the LAD artery contours was proposed.

Results A lack of distinctive features, diminutive contour size (∼5 pixels on average), and inconsistent position of the LAD artery were observed. The interpatient variability in the LAD artery contours was five to seven times the average size of the contours. The dataset also had a high standard deviation of 28.9 and skewed data distribution.

Conclusions The results indicated that the variable path of the LAD artery and high interpatient variability were the primary reasons for the inability of AI algorithms to have a concordance. Further, the small contour size amplified model inaccuracy. For higher autosegmentation accuracy, an anatomical landmark–based approach is necessary to capture surrounding structures that affect the path of the LAD artery.
Prozessoptimierung im Klinikbetrieb: Nutzen der Digitalisierung in der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung
Authors: Niewiadomsky Jörn
Published: February 2024

Digitalisierung ist kein Selbstzweck, sondern der Schlüssel zu einfacheren, besseren und günstigeren Prozessen. Im Care-Catering helfen digitale Systeme vermehrt, die gastronomische Versorgung im Klinikbetrieb zu optimieren.
Geringe Evidenz – was tun bei nicht spezifischen Rückenschmerzen?
Authors: Schomacher Jochen
Published: February 2024

Es gibt viele Krankheitsbilder und Symptome, bei denen Physiotherapeut*innen auf ihre Erfahrung oder
kollegiale Beratung setzen müssen, weil es keine (klaren) Forschungsergebnisse und daraus abgeleitete
Handlungsempfehlungen gibt. Oft mangelt es an nachgewiesener Evidenz für physiotherapeutische Maßnahmen.
Das macht auch Empfehlungen in Leitlinien unmöglich. Wie gehen Physiotherapeut*innen damit um? Der
Beitrag von Jochen Schomacher zu diesem Thema am Beispiel des nicht spezifischen Rückenschmerzes (nsLBP)
lädt zur (Selbst-)Reflexion und zum fachlichen Diskurs ein. Die Diagnose nsLBP wird oft gestellt, was
dieses Beispiel für das Thema prädestiniert.
Schwindel – ein Syndrom mit vielen Erscheinungsformen
Authors: Saul Ann Kathrin
Published: February 2024

Schwindel ist ein komplexes Thema. Das liegt sicher auch daran, dass der Begriff „Schwindel“ im
deutschsprachigen Raum inflationär benutzt wird. Seine genaue Bedeutung ist oft nicht bekannt. Eine
gemeinsame Begriffsklärung – auch zusammen mit Patient*innen – ist ein erster Schritt zum Erreichen von
Therapiezielen. In diesem Artikel ebenso wie im nachfolgenden Fallbeispiel (Seite 22) liegt der
Schwerpunkt auf dem funktionellen Schwindel.
Physiotherapie bei permanentem Schwindel – ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Saul Ann Kathrin
Published: February 2024

Fallbeispiel: Die 16-jährige Mia (Name von der Redaktion geändert) kommt mit einem permanenten Schwindel
ohne geklärte Ursache in die Physiotherapiepraxis. Apparative Untersuchungen zur Erregbarkeit der
Gleichgewichtsorgane und Lagerungstests bei der HNO-Untersuchung waren ebenso wie eine
Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) des Gehirns unauffällig.
Small mass limit for stochastic interacting particle systems with Lévy noise and linear alignment force
Authors: Wang Zibo , Lv Li , Zhang Yanjie , Duan Jinqiao , Wang Wei
Published: February 2024

We study the small mass limit in mean field theory for an interacting particle system with non-Gaussian Lévy noise. When the Lévy noise has a finite second moment, we obtain the limit equation with convergence rate ε+1/εN, by taking first the mean field limit N→∞ and then the small mass limit ε→0. If the order of the two limits is exchanged, the limit equation remains the same but has a different convergence rate ε+1/N. However, when the Lévy noise is α-stable, which has an infinite second moment, we can only obtain the limit equation by taking first the small mass limit and then the mean field limit, with the convergence rate 1/Nα−1+1/Np2+εp/α where p∈(1,α). This provides an effectively limit model for an interacting particle system under a non-Gaussian Lévy fluctuation, with rigorous error estimates.
Physics-agnostic inverse design using transfer matrices
Authors: Morrison Nathaniel , Pan Shuaiwei , Ma Eric Y.
Published: February 2024

Inverse design is an application of machine learning to device design, giving the computer maximal latitude in generating novel structures, learning from their performance, and optimizing them to suit the designer’s needs. Gradient-based optimizers, augmented by the adjoint method to efficiently compute the gradient, are particularly attractive for this approach and have proven highly successful with finite-element and finite-difference physics simulators. Here, we extend adjoint optimization to the transfer matrix method, an accurate and efficient simulator for a wide variety of quasi-1D physical phenomena. We leverage this versatility to develop a physics-agnostic inverse design framework and apply it to three distinct problems, each presenting a substantial challenge for conventional design methods: optics, designing a multivariate optical element for compressive sensing; acoustics, designing a high-performance anti-sonar submarine coating; and quantum mechanics, designing a tunable double-bandpass electron energy filter.
Thermal radiation hazards of the external flow field for vented hydrogen–air explosion: Effect of nitrogen fraction
Authors: Li Bin , Song Xianzhao , Zhang Dan , Zhang Zhifeng , Chen Jianyu , Xie Lifeng
Published: February 2024

An experimental investigation is conducted to examine the impact of nitrogen fraction on vented explosions of hydrogen–air–nitrogen mixtures in a 1-m-long cylindrical duct at 1 bar and 281 K. The study employs high-speed shadowgraph imaging, a pressure testing system, and infrared thermal imaging to record the venting process. The results showed that as the nitrogen fraction increases, the rupture time of the vent cover gradually increases. However, the internal peak overpressure exhibits an opposite trend, with P2 (caused by the ignition of unburned gas outside the tube by the escaping flame) near the vent consistently dominating. The frequency of Helmholtz oscillations initially decreases and then increases with increasing nitrogen fraction. Higher nitrogen fractions are associated with a greater likelihood of lower external peak overpressure but a decreasing trend in maximum external impulse. The maximum temperature shows an initial decrease followed by an increase with the addition of nitrogen fraction. This trend is also observed for flame length, flame width, high-temperature duration (>500 °C), and heat energy. Furthermore, the study determined safety zones that are free from thermal radiation damage.
Global biasing using a hardware-based artificial Zeeman term in spinwave Ising machines
Authors: González Victor H. , Litvinenko Artem , Khymyn Roman , Åkerman Johan
Published: February 2024

A spinwave Ising machine (SWIM) is a recently proposed type of time-multiplexed hardware solver for combinatorial optimization that employs feedback coupling and phase sensitive amplification to map an Ising Hamiltonian into phase-binarized propagating spinwave RF pulses in an Yttrium-Iron-Garnet film. In this work, we increase the mathematical complexity of the SWIM by adding a global Zeeman term to a 4-spin nearest neighbor Hamiltonian using a continuous external electrical signal with the same frequency as the spin pulses and phase locked with one of the two possible states. We are able to induce ferromagnetic ordering in both directions of the spin states despite antiferromagnetic pairwise coupling. Embedding a planar antiferromagnetic spin system in a magnetic field has been proven to increase the complexity of the graph associated with its Hamiltonian, and, thus, this straightforward implementation helps explore higher degrees of complexity in this evolving solver.
The flexoelectric properties of various polymers and energetic composites
Authors: Hafner Thomas A. , Örnek Metin , Costello Conor , Nunes Cohen T. V. , Son Steven F.
Published: February 2024

Electroactivity of polymers used in energetic materials may result in charge separation that could result in safety concerns (unintentional ignition) or be exploited for multifunctional applications. We measured the flexoelectric properties of several polymers and energetic composites including poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)], nanosized aluminum (nAl)/P(VDF-TrFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF-HFP)], micron aluminum (μAl)/P(VDF-HFP), hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), ammonium perchlorate (AP)/HTPB, μAl/AP/HTPB, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The presence of flexoelectricity in PTFE (Teflon®) and the relatively high flexoelectric coefficient of P(VDF-HFP) (Viton®) measured in this work may help explain accidents involving the production and use of Magnesium-Teflon-Viton (MTV) that in many instances have been attributed to electro-static discharge. The addition of aluminum nanopowders to the P(VDF-TrFE) increased the flexoelectric coefficient by ∼30%. However, the addition of aluminum micrometer particles (10 wt. %) to P(VDF-HFP) decreased the effective flexoelectric coefficient, while an increase was observed when the aluminum loading was increased from 10 to 20 wt. %. The effective flexoelectric coefficient of HTPB and two propellant compositions (AP/HTPB and μAl/AP/HTPB) were measured to be in the same range as each other. The effect of particle addition (nAl, μAl, and AP) on flexoelectricity was different depending on the binder, further illustrating the complexity of flexoelectric properties in composite energetics. This may be somewhat explained by competing effects where particle additions (nAl, μAl, and AP) create additional strain gradients that contribute to flexoelectricity, but the particle additions also replace the mass of flexoelectric polymer binders (P(VDF-TrFE, P(VDF-HFP), and HTPB) with particles (nAl, μAl, and AP) that are less flexoelectric.
Research on the mixing characteristics of the bottom blowing molten pool based on flow characteristics and mixing uniformity
Authors: Zhao Yutang , Zhang Xiaohui , Tong Xinting , Yu Xiaolv , Luo Jing , Fu Yanxiong , Wang Hua
Published: February 2024

In this study, a new method of combining lance–liquid flow characteristics and mixing uniformity is proposed to evaluate the stirring characteristics in the bottom blowing copper molten pool. A fluid simulation model of a bottom blowing molten pool was established, water was used to simulate the melt environment, and an experimental platform was set up for verification. The effects of swirl, multi-channel, and straight pipe spray on the lance–liquid stirring characteristics of the bottom-blown copper molten pool are compared through quantifying the flow characteristics and mixing uniformity. In addition, digital image processing technologies, such as image entropy variance and eddy current map entropy increase, are introduced. Through numerical simulation research, it is found that the transverse velocity of the swirl spray lance is the largest, which makes the rise time of the bubble increase to the greatest extent. Compared with the straight pipe spray, the swirl spray reduces the liquid splash height by 0.054 m, and the degree of vortex flow is higher. The lance phase stability is increased by 37.87%, and the maximum turbulent kinetic energy can be increased by 8.73%. The spray effect of the multi-channel spray is between the two. It is shown that the swirling spray lance can improve the stability of gas in the molten pool, enhance the uniformity of gas–liquid mixing, and improve the operation cycle and the smelting efficiency of the molten pool.
Synthesis of nano-selenium and its effects on germination and early seedling growth of four crop plants
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thanh , Tung Do Khanh , Ky Vu Hong , Nam Pham Hong , Ngoc Anh Nguyen Thi
Published: February 2024

In this work, nano-selenium (NSe) with different shapes (wires, rods, and spherical particles) was synthesized by a wet chemical method. These synthesized products were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer, and Raman spectroscopy. FE-SEM images revealed that nanowires with an average diameter of 30–50 nm and length of 3–5 µm, nanorods with lengths of 400–800 nm and diameters of about 20–50 nm, and spherical-shaped nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters ranging from 40 to 60 nm were successfully synthesized. The XRD and Raman analysis confirmed that all the produced NSe samples exhibited hexagonal single-phase crystalline structure with no impurity phase. All three NSe products (SeNWs, SeNRs, and SeNPs) with a concentration range of 25–150 mg/l were used to investigate the impact of shape and concentration on seed germination and seedling vigor of four different crop species, namely, green bean, okra, wheat, and radish. The results revealed that NSe at low concentrations (≤50 mg/l for SeNWs and ≤100 mg/l for SeNRs and SeNPs) can promote seed germination, plant growth, and development of all the studied crop species. However, NSe can adversely affect the growth of plants at higher concentrations (≥75 mg/l for SeNWs).
Nanoparticles insertion and dimerization in polymer brushes
Authors: Mims Jacob T. , Tsuna Lavi , Spangler Eric J. , Laradji Mohamed
Published: February 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to systematically investigate the insertion of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) in polymer brushes as a function of their size, strength of their interaction with the polymers, polymer grafting density, and polymer chain length. For attractive interactions between the NPs and the polymers, the depth of NPs’ penetration in the brush results from a competition between the enthalpic gain due to the favorable polymer–NP interaction and the effect of osmotic pressure resulting from displaced polymers by the NP’s volume. A large number of simulations show that the average depth of the NPs increases by increasing the strength of the interaction strength. However, it decreases by increasing the NPs’ diameter or increasing the polymer grafting density. While the NPs’ effect on the polymer density is local, their effect on their conformations is long-ranged and extends laterally over length scales larger than the NP’s size. This effect is manifested by the emergence of laterally damped oscillations in the normal component of the chains’ radius of gyration. Interestingly, we found that for high enough interaction strength, two NPs dimerize in the polymer brush. The dimer is parallel to the substrate if the NPs’ depth in the brush is shallow. However, the dimer is perpendicular to the substrate if the NPs’ are deep in the brush. These results imply that polymer brushes can be used as a tool to localize and self-assemble NPs in polymer brushes.
Aerodynamic force reduction of rectangular cylinder using deep reinforcement learning-controlled multiple jets
Authors: Yan Lei , Li Yuerong , Liu Bo , Hu Gang
Published: February 2024

The drag and lift forces of rectangular cylinders with four aspect ratios (AR) are mitigated at a Reynolds number of 1000 using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) controlled multiple jet actuators at four corners of the cylinders in this study. Surface pressure probes are set to monitor the flow state, featuring a practical engineering solution. For each jet actuator, the control law is optimized using the powerful capabilities of DRL with the surface pressure signals as the control input and the jet velocities as the control output. Different jet configurations are tested on the rectangular cylinder with AR = 1, 2, 3, and 5 to choose the best multiple jet control configurations. The results have shown that under eight independent jets at the rectangular cylinder corners, the mean drag coefficient is reduced by 77.1%, 39.9%, 52.4%, and 2.8% for the rectangular cylinder with AR = 1, 2, 3, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the lift fluctuation is reduced by 94.2%, 66.6%, 77.1%, and 59.8%, indicating a significant stabilization of the wake. This configuration with eight independent jets shows the top performance among these jet configurations. This study highlights the significance of the multiple jet actuation and can guide the practical application of DRL-based active flow control of rectangular cylinders.
Influence of mechanical strains on the antiferromagnetic resonance modes of bulk
α
-Fe2O3
Authors: Bogdanova T. V. , Meshcheryakov A. A. , Kalyabin D. V. , Khutieva A. B. , Sadovnikov A. V. , Safin A. R. , Nikitov S. A.
Published: February 2024

In this work, we present the results of investigations performed on hematite (α-Fe2O3), which is an antiferromagnet with weak ferromagnetism. Through the use of Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, we studied experimentally the excitation of quasi-ferro- and antiferromagnetic modes in the bulk hematite. We investigated the influence of relative mechanical strains, ϵyy, on the frequencies of quasi-ferro- and antiferromagnetic modes. Also, we considered the angular dependence of the frequency of the quasi-ferromagnetic mode on the external magnetic field. Our results indicate that hematite is a suitable material for strain-controlled magnonic devices.
Dynamic hysteresis process in tip vortex cavitation
Authors: Jiang Jing-Wei , Xie Chun-Mei , Wu Da-Zhuan , Qian Zheng-Fang , Li Liang , Xu Liang-Hao , Huang Wei-Xi
Published: February 2024

In this Letter, experiments are conducted on tip vortex cavitation (TVC) over a stationary elliptical hydrofoil with the cross section of NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 662−415 in a water tunnel. The state of TVC at various cavitation numbers, inflow velocities, and angles of attack is tested. Several macroscopic phase transition processes of TVC are discovered within the hysteresis loop with the operating conditions unchanged, and these new phenomena are defined as the dynamic hysteresis (DH) processes. In addition, the noise characteristics are analyzed to further study the DH. Similar noise spectra are obtained for the DH processes under different working conditions, with a major peak of the same frequency regardless of whether vortex singing occurs or not.