bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Open Selection on the Number of Corruption Cases in High Leadership Positions (JPT) in Local Governments in Indonesia
Authors: Winda Hestiecia
Published: July 2021

This study aims to explain the impact of implementing open selection on the amount of corruption in local government JPT in Indonesia. Using the difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) approach, this study analyzes panel data on JPT corruption in Indonesia that have been inkracht handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in the period 2009-2019. The results of theoretical studies and previous research have given rise to the hypothesis that the implementation of open selection has a positive impact on reducing JPT corruption cases in local governments in Indonesia. This study found that the implementation of open selection can reduce the number of corruption cases by -0.892% and significantly at the 10% alpha level in regions with high total capital expenditures. This finding demonstrates the positive impact of open selection on JPT corruption cases and thus supports previous studies on the positive impact of implementing a merit system, in particular open selection on the number of JPT corruption cases in regions with high total spending. In addition, to strengthen the research results by adding case studies and in-depth interviews with KASN and ICW. It was found that it greatly influenced the implementation of open selection. It is the high political costs in the regions that are the main cause that causes corruption of governors, mayors, and regents followed by regional officials to continue to occur.
Leadership Style Policy After Acquisition; Case Study at PT. Karya Persada
Authors: Putra Hendri Eka Jaya , Wahdi Hilmy
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to identify changes in the company organization of PT Karya Persada, specifically 1) Examine how the organization of PT Karya Persada has changed since the acquisition. 2. Describe the changes that have occurred. 3. ) Analyzing the relationship between changing organizational aspects at PT. Persada's work. 4). Identifying the anticipation or management strategy used by PT Karya Persada in the face of this change. This research can also academically deepen knowledge about change management, organizational culture, leadership style, and learning organizational, as well as see the extent of its application, supporting factors, and constraints that arise in its application. The descriptive qualitative research methods were used in this study. The data in this study were obtained by conducting interviews with former employees of PT. Karya Persada will go directly to take data at PT. Persada's work that has been obtained from the interview data is processed using NVivo 12 Plus Qualitative Software. According to the findings of this study, there is a change in organizational culture, such as a family-like spirit that becomes more procedural and full of control. Less discipline became much more disciplined from the start. Furthermore, a previously opaque culture has become more transparent, with clearer rewards and punishments, including at higher levels of promotion and career advancement.
Ce que l’on reproche aux sciences de gestion
Authors: Mandard Matthieu
Published: July 2021

Les sciences de gestion font depuis leurs débuts l’objet de nombreuses critiques. Il s’agit ici d’en offrir une synthèse. Pour ce faire, cet article propose une typologie qui permet de répertorier ces critiques. Il passe ensuite en revue leurs caractéristiques, leurs origines ainsi que leurs conséquences. Il présente finalement les implications de cette synthèse pour notre discipline, en matière de production de connaissances comme en matière d’évaluation de la recherche.
L’analyse de données textuelles assistée par ordinateur
Authors: Mothe Caroline , Delfosse Estelle , Bocquet Anne Marie
Published: July 2021

L’analyse de données textuelles (ADT), courant qui s’est développé grâce aux techniques de la linguistique informatique, a évolué de l’analyse lexicale à l’analyse sémantique. Cette approche particulière est l’occasion d’une expérience amplifiée par les possibilités graphiques d’interaction et de partage du web. En mobilisant cette approche pour l’analyse d’un corpus de près de 200 documents sur les réseaux de chaleur en France, les auteurs montrent ainsi l’utilité de l’ADT assistée par ordinateur pour les chercheurs, les praticiens et tous les acteurs qui se trouvent face au défi de devoir traiter des données massives.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ КОМПОНЕНТІВ ДИТЯЧОЇ СУБКУЛЬТУРИ НА YOUTUBE-КАНАЛАХ
Authors: Бедріна Надія Сергіївна
Published: July 2021

Мета статті — проаналізувати трансформацію компонентів дитячої субкультури на YouTube-каналах для дітей. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на застосуванні наступного комплексу інструментів: феноменологічний підхід застосовано з метою розгляду субкультури дитинства як феномена культури та дитячих каналів YouTube як феномена сучасної аудіовізуальної культури; аксіологічний підхід використано для з’ясування змістового і ціннісного статусу дитячих каналів YouTube у сучасному аудіовізуальному мистецтві; ігрова теорія культури уможливила виявлення взаємозв’язків між грою та ігровими відео на YouTube; системний підхід допоміг вивчити дитячу субкультуру та канали YouTube як цілісні системи. Наукова новизна. Виділено найпопулярніші жанри дитячих каналів: розпакування (unpacking), «зроби сам» (DIY, або Do It Yourself) і музичні канали. Проаналізовано трансформацію таких компонентів дитячої субкультури як фольклор (словесна творчість), ігри (предметні, сюжетно- рольові, дидактичні), дитяча мода, гумор, естетика, табуювання, філософія. Виявлено, що фольклор і дитяче словотворення різноманітно представлені у зазначених каналах: у розмовах між дітьми та батьками, у монологах і діалогах самих дітей-блогерів, які впливають на культуру дітей-глядачів. З’ясовано, що предметні, дидактичні, сюжетно-рольові ігри є основою більшості відео на популярних дитячих каналах. Зазначено, що такі компоненти субкультури, як мода, гумор, естетичні уявлення, табуювання й філософія імпліцитно закладені й транслюються у дитячих відео на каналах YouTube. Висновки. Проаналізовано трансформацію компонентів дитячої субкультури: фольклору, ігор, моди, гумору, естетики, табуювання, філософії на YouTube-каналах для дітей в жанрах розпакування, музичних та «зроби сам». Визначено, що слово і гра є базовими компонентами дитячої субкультури на YouTube-каналах, інші компоненти закладені імпліцитно.
МИСТЕЦЬКО-ДУХОВНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ КУЛЬТУРИ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДІАСПОРИ
Authors: Денькович Василь Степанович
Published: July 2021

Мета статті — висвітлити специфіку розвитку культури української діаспори, означити її мистецько-духовний потенціал та окреслити роль у збереженні сутнісних етнічних констант. Методологія дослідження передбачає застосування аналітичного підходу для виокремлення основних стратегій розвитку культури діаспори. Порівняльний метод використовується задля висвітлення специфіки взаємодії між культурою України та діаспори. Метод зіставлення залучено для наголошення на результативності розвитку культури діаспори для сьогодення. Наукова новизна. В статті окреслено значення української діаспори як транслятора та продовжувача культурних традицій України. Визначено її мистецько-духовний потенціал, який полягає у збереженні сутнісних етнічних чинників та впливі на сучасну культурно-мистецьку практику України. Висновки. Культурні зміни зумовлені процесами взаємодії різних культур (як в межах однієї країни, так і між окремими державами). Унаслідок збільшення інтеграційних процесів важливу роль відіграє проблема збереження цінностей кожної культури. Доведено, що у культурі української діаспори відбулося своєрідне консервування основних константних характеристик, притаманних українській культурі. Напрями її розвитку насамперед були пов’язані зі збереженням етнічної ідентичності. Автори використовували фольклорний матеріал, тематику та інструментарій, що притаманні українській етнічній культурі. Водночас відсутність ідеологічних перепон сприяла формуванню вільного простору для творчості, внаслідок чого діаспора почала розвиватися більш прогресивно, виступаючи орієнтиром для української культури сьогодення. Отже, культурна спадщина представників діаспори може належати як українській культурі, так і світовій.
РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПАМ’ЯТКИ САДОВО-ПАРКОВОГО МИСТЕЦТВА ПАРКУ «ПЕРЕМОГИ» В МІСТІ КРОПИВНИЦЬКИЙ
Authors: Бондар Ігор Савич , Подволоцька Олена Станіславівна , Швець Ірина Владиславівна
Published: July 2021

Мета статті — здійснити ретроспективний аналіз парку-пам’ятки садово- паркового мистецтва місцевого значення «Перемоги» в місті Кропивницький у контексті передпроєктної пропозиції щодо його реконструкції; проаналізувати основні етапи його історичної трансформації та розвитку; визначити особливості композиційно-архітектурної структури та планування; узагальнити рекомендації щодо шляхів його реконструкції відповідно до історичної цінності та сучасних потреб суспільства. Серед методів дослідження використано низку загальнонаукових: метод документування, порівняльного та системного аналізу, за допомогою яких здійснено збір і аналіз відомостей з літературних джерел; метод класифікації та фактографії стали основою для аналізу різних етапів трансформування та розвитку парку; метод спостереження, фотофіксації та опису сприяли з’ясуванню та узагальненню сучасного стану парку «Перемоги». Наукова новизна. Здійснений ретроспективний аналіз парку «Перемоги» дозволив встановити найбільш значущі етапи формування та розвитку його просторової композиції й стилістичних особливостей протягом майже трьохсотлітньої історії існування, та виявився необхідним передпроєктним заходом для здійснення його реконструкції та подальшого збереження. Встановлено, що історія парку «Перемоги» почалася зі створення фруктово-овочевого саду в 1764 році; надалі характеризувалася чергуванням періодів розквіту та занедбання території, яка поступово видозмінювалася за площею, призначенням і функціональним зонуванням у рекреаційному напрямі (про що свідчить композиційно-ландшафтна оцінка території). Висновки. Результати ретроспективного аналізу парку «Перемоги» є потужним фундаментом для проведення реконструктивних заходів на основі системного підходу (зокрема історичного, факторного, композиційного аналізу та натурного обстеження) з дотриманням основних принципів ландшафтного проєктування й урахуванням потреб сучасного суспільства.
МОВЛЕННЄВА ПРАКТИКА У ПОСТМОДЕРНОМУ КУЛЬТУРЛІНГВІСТИЧНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ МАС-МЕДІА
Authors: Нечаєнко Тетяна Василівна
Published: July 2021

Мета статті — з’ясувати особливості трансформації мовленнєвої постмодерністської практики засобів масової інформації. Методологічною основою дослідження є сукупність наукових методів, які дали змогу виявити сутність культури мовлення мас-медіа, зокрема дискурсивний метод, скерований на культурологічне осмислення контекстів комунікації ЗМІ, а також системний підхід, який передбачає об’єктивність, всебічність у вивченні об’єкта дослідження. Наукова новизна полягає у з’ясуванні особливостей трансформації мовленнєвої культури у культурлінгвістичному просторі мас-медіа. Звернено увагу на прагнення сучасних ЗМІ до пріоритетного формування картини світу за рахунок не просто передавання повідомлення (перекладені на журналістську мову факти, події, явища буття), а формування соціальної реальності шляхом свідомого (упередженого) добору, акцентування й інтерпретації емпіричної дійсності. Зазначено, що у ситуації, коли інформація стає однією з основних цінностей у житті людей, мовленнєва культура безперервно піддається різним ревізіям і реконструкціям з боку мови засобів масової комунікації. Висновки. Одним із основних законів розвитку і функціонування мови є інформаційно-комунікативна традиція, яка визначає зміни мови, узаконюючи їх, надає мовній системі певну спрямованість, забезпечує історичний зв’язок минулих і нових мовних форм, постає основним засобом трансляції мовного досвіду. Наголошено, що на основі інформаційно- комунікативного синкретизму мовленнєвої культури і масової комунікації утворюється культурлінгвістичний простір мас-медіа, неоднорідний за своїм наповненням, але насичений інтелектуальними пошуками, вираженими у мовленнєвих формах. ЗМІ є атрактором мас-медійної культури. Динаміка останньої забезпечується ідеологічно і технологічно прогресуючими засобами масової інформації шляхом постійної демонстрації її ціннісно-знакових утворень (конструктів) і їх публічної легалізації в продуктах масової комунікації, або публіцистичних медіатекстах.
VERBALS BULLYING RELATED TO SELF-ESTEEM ON ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Pardede Jek Amidos , Huda Akhyarul , Saragih Masri , Simamora Marthalena
Published: July 2021

Background: Bullying is a problem of global concern that can have serious / negative effects on the mental health and well-being of adolescents. Bullying that often occurs is verbal bullying which can affect self-esteem. Purpose: to determine the relationship between bullying and self-esteem on adolescents. Methods: the design of this research is descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach. The population of the study were 83 students of class X Senior High School who experienced bullying and the sample of this study was the entire population with the sampling technique using total sampling. The data collection tool used a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, the statistical test used was the chi-square test with p 0.05. Results: the study showed that the majority of verbal bullying was moderate as much as 43.4% and the majority of the majority were low self-esteem as much as 46.6% with p = 0.004.Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between verbal bullying and self-esteem.
Neo Automatic Code (NAC) To Improve Return Of Spontaneus Circulation (ROSC) In Hospital Cardiac Arrest (IHCA) Patients
Authors: Darmawan Rendi Editya , Sujianto Untung , Rochana Nana
Published: July 2021

Background: a higher rate of recommended chest compression is needed for neo automatic code (NAC)-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPR) to obtain high-quality chest compressions. High-quality chest compressions could improve ROSC. Purpose: the study aim to analyze the effects of CPR using NAC on the ROSC in-hospital cardiac arrest in Indonesia. Methods: this study used a quantitative, post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group. The samples were 74 cardiac arrest patients in two hospitals in Surakarta and Klaten, Indonesia, who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: the incidence of ROSC in the control group was 30%, and in the treatment group was 35%. The result of statistical analysis showed that there were differences in the ROSC in the intervention and control group with a p-value of 0.003. Conclusion: NAC assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitations increased ROSC. It is recommended that Code Blue Teams should use NAC to improve the quality of chest compressions for the better result of ROSC.
LncRNA LINC00858 enhances cervical cancer cell growth through miR-3064-5p/ VMA21 axis
Authors: Wei Min , Chen Youguo , Du Wensheng
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common form of gynecological malignancy. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 858 (LINC00858) has been identified to participate in multiple cancers. However, the role and mechanism of LINC00858 in CC cells are still elusive. AIM: The aim of this study is to explore the biological functions and mechanisms of LINC00858 in CC cells. METHODS: RT-qPCR analysis was used to examine the expression of LINC00858 in CC cells. EdU and colony formation assay were utilized to assess cell proliferation. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry assay were conducted to assess cell apoptosis. The mechanism regarding LINC00858 was certified through RNA pull down, RIP and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS: The up-regulated LINC00858 was detected in CC cells. Reduction of LINC00858 effectively subdued CC cells proliferation and stimulated cell apoptosis. LINC00858 was determined to bind with miR-3064-5p and up-regulate VMA21 in CC cells. In rescue assays, miR-3064-5p down-regulation and VMA21 up-regulation were able to counteract the effect caused by LINC00858 decrease on CC cell proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: LINC00858 enhances cell proliferation, while restraining cell apoptosis in CC through targeting miR-3064-5p/VMA21 axis, implying that LINC00858 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for CC.
Integrative genome wide analysis of protein tyrosine phosphatases identifies CDC25C as prognostic and predictive marker for chemoresistance in breast cancer
Authors: Topno Rachel , Nazam Nazia , Kumari Pallawi , Kumar Manoj , Agarwal Pallavi
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: The breast cancer subtype deficient in estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (ER-/HER2-) displays enhanced aggressiveness, metastasis and disease relapse due to chemoresistance. ER-/HER2- patients lack molecularly targeted treatment hence, new therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers are required for better patient management. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prognostic role of protein tyrosine phosphatase genes in Breast Cancer and their relevance as predictive markers for chemoresistance. METHODS: We examined the expression of 114 protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) genes in 1700 breast cancer patient’s tumor samples with respect to ER-/HER2- subtype. Correlation of relevant candidates with chemoresistance was analyzed in breast cancer cells resistant to taxane/anthracycline based drugs. The prognostic value of key candidates was assessed using Kaplan Meier plots and Nottingham prognostic index and expression pattern was confirmed using qRT-PCR. The epigenetic regulation was analyzed using ChIP-Seq datasets. By plotting ROC plots, clinical outcome after treatment with taxane and anthracycline was established. RESULTS: Overexpression of CDC25A and CDC25C and under-expression of DUSP16 was observed in tumor samples of ER-/HER2- patients and breast cancer cells. Similar expression patterns of these candidate genes were observed in MCF7 cells resistant to paclitaxel and adriamycin and also correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Increased CDC25A and CDC25C in ER-/HER2- cells was found to be regulated epigenetically by histone H3K4 methylation. Overall, the present study establishes increased expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase CDC25C as a poor prognostic marker for breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the role of CDC25C in chemoresistance to taxane and anthracycline based therapy and proposes CDC25C as a potential predictive marker for these cancer therapies.
Loving robots changing love: Towards a practical deficiency-love
Authors: Sætra Henrik Skaug
Published: July 2021

Robots are today made not only to assist us in menial tasks and routine labour but also provide companionship and love. This has generated much academic and public interest, and people have asked whether robots can love, whether human–robot relationships are possible, and whether humans can develop loving affection for robots. These are all important questions, but I approach the issues from another perspective: can robots made for love change our very understanding of love? By treating love as a cultural and malleable phenomenon, I explore the possibility of it being changed a) to accommodate robots, and b) as a consequence of how robots love us. The first regards the quest to understand what love is and our current tendency to understand phenomena in light of the computer or computational metaphor of human beings. The second involves an examination of how robots are produced to love, and what this form of love might lead to in the wild. Rather than asking if robots can live up to human ideals, I ask if humans will live down – or it might be up – to robot ideals. Using Abraham Maslow’s distinction between being love and deficiency love as an example, I argue that love robots might take us to a place where deficiency love and a growing expectancy of one-sided worship changes the content of love as a cultural phenomenon.
Changes in abdominal muscles architecture induced by different types of breathing
Authors: Cuña-Carrera Iria Da , Alonso-Calvete Alejandra , González-González Yoana , Soto-González Mercedes
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:

The underlying morphology and behavior of abdominal muscles during breathing are still lacking in knowledge in healthy population.

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the effects of three different types of breathing on the architectural characteristics of abdominal muscles.

METHODS:

Ninety-eight healthy subjects were measured to assess the effects of breathing on the abdominal muscles, subjects performed three different types of breathing and the muscular thickness was measured with ultrasound imaging, analyzing also the differences between sexes.

RESULTS:

During the three different types of breathing and in comparison with the resting state, an increase of the thickness has been reported in the transversus abdominis ([Formula: see text] 0.001; effect size [Formula: see text] 2.44, very large) and internal oblique ([Formula: see text] 0.001; effect size [Formula: see text] 1.04, moderate) in both sexes, but with a higher increase in men. External oblique and rectus abdominis increased their thickness through breathing only while the lips were with pursed ([Formula: see text] 0.05) with trivial effect sizes and only differences between sexes were found in rectus abdominis.

CONCLUSIONS:

All breathings activated the deepest abdominal muscles, but the most superficial were only activated with lips pursed. Moreover, men appeared to activate more the deepest abdominal muscles but also the rectus abdominis. Findings in this study support the use of different types of breathing depending on the muscle to be activated or the sex, helping health care professionals to address their interventions on the abdominal muscles with a more focused approach.
Substantiation of the calculation methods of the nitrogen removing (nitrification) in bioreactors with using on the biofilm models
Authors: Oliynyk Oleksandr Ya. , Telyma Sergiy V. , Kalugin Yuriy I. , Oliynyk Yevheniy O.
Published: July 2021

The mathematic model and calculations of the waste waters cleaning parameters from the compounds ammonium nitrogen (nitrification) in bioreactors with additional using in theirs volume the fixed biocenosis as the biofilm are presented. The valuation of the different influence factors on the waste waters cleaning parameters is given. The kinetics of reaction according to Monod nonlinear equation is used that allow to calculate the nitrogen concentrations on the external and in the interior biofilm surfaces and to evaluate the efficiency of the biofilm work of the given thickness relative to penetration character of the nitrogen pollutions in it. As showed the biofilm thickness and the flow in it are decreasing as the tearing off velocity of the biomass from its surface is increasing where as at increasing of the nitrogen concentrations these parameters are increasing. At this the substrate flow and the penetration depth into the biofilm are the functions of the substrate concentration on the biofilm surface, velocity of the reaction within it and the diffusive masstransfer. As a main parameter for evaluation of the oxygen influence for control of the process of ammonium oxidation to nitrite the relation of the concentrations oxygen to ammonium nitrogen is proposed. The specific examples and calculations have showed the given relation may be better alternative for control of the nitrification processes in reactor in comparison with oxygen concentration.
Analysis of formation of ecological-technogenic and social threats of life safety in the coal industry zone of Donbass
Authors: Pyrikov Oleksii V. , Chumachenko Sergii M. , Yakovlev Yevhenii О.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the need to form an information-analytical complex of natural-technogenic geosystem (NTGS) of Donbass "regional technogenic complex – environment" as a tool base for building a model of ecological and economic development. Donbass (area up to 5.8 thousand km2 with a population of more than 4 million people) is a technogenic-geological system (TGS) ("regional technogenic complex – geological environment"). In addition, there are more than 4,000 potentially dangerous objects within the PTGS of Donbass. The predominance of regional irreversible changes in the ecological parameters of the geological environment as the main "depot" of the technogenesis effects (deformation of the earth's surface, geochemical pollution of landscapes, surface and groundwater, biodiversity loss, etc.) necessitates the preservation of its ecological resources for further socio-economic recovery of the Donbass region. Comparison of the impact of natural resource potential of the geological environment (GS) of Donbass and the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone showed the fundamental importance of balancing the interaction of the lithosphere with the surface hydrosphere, near-surface atmosphere and biosphere for the formation of socio-economic parameters and safety of life activity. Flooding of coal mines and rising of groundwater level to surface are the critical ecological factors of post-mining situation within Donbas. The performed analysis of ecological and technogenic parameters of NTGS of mining areas within Donbass also showed that in case of further increase in the number of flooded mines, advanced scientific development of maximum allowable changes in the environment is necessary. It is also noted that all selected tools for the formation of life safety should have a clear justification of socio-economic and environmental-technological parameters. All this should provide an opportunity to assess the efficiency of the ecological and economic system, methods of its construction and possible forecasting.
The adaptation of city development sectors to climate change
Authors: Kryvomaz Тetiana I. , Savchenko Antonina M.
Published: July 2021

As a result of global climate change, the duration of hot periods and the intensity of natural hydrometeorological phenomena are increasing, the precipitation regime is changing, which, combined with increasing urbanization, poses a serious threat to social stability, economic and environmental safety of the urban population and environment. Reducing the vulnerability of cities to climate change involves measures to increase adaptation capacity, reduce risks and vulnerabilities, increase the capacity to cope with emergencies and benefit from climate change. Reducing the impact of the urban environment on climate change requires a comprehensive strategic action plan for each sector of urban development.
Determination of the dependence between climatic factors and Covid-19 disease incidence
Authors: Mitryasova Olena P. , Pryhodko Anna S.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of research consists in definition and an estimation of climatic factors influence on disease incidence of Covid-19 on an example of Mykolaiv city. In research we used such scientific methods: theoretical methods: analysis, synthesis, monitoring, systematization, generalization. For research facility, were held by calculations based on software Microsoft Excel. The calculations were performed using the formula correlation. Results. The study examines the influence of climatic factors such as air temperature, humidity, solar radiation activity, wind speed, rainfall, and length of daylight. For the pair «Disease incidence – Temperature» the correlation coefficient is −0.74. For the pair «Disease incidence − Solar Radiation» correlation coefficient is −0.71. For the pair «Disease incidence – Daylight hours» correlation coefficient is −0.70. Humidity, as a derivative of air temperature, is evidenced by a comparison of decline periods and growth of these values. In the spring, along with the increase in temperature, the humidity dropped, and in the fall, when the air temperature dropped, the humidity increased. This factor also affected the spread of the virus in the second half of the year, when the humidity increased the virus began to spread faster. For the pair «Disease incidence – Humidity» correlation coefficient is +0.73 (average direct correlation). Other climatic factors, such as wind speed and rainfall, have not been shown to have a significant effect on the rate of disease spread. For the pair «Disease incidence − Wind speed» correlation coefficient is +0.32, which corresponds to a weak direct correlation. For the pair «Disease incidence − Rainfall» correlation coefficient is −0.30, which indicates a weak inverse correlation. Conclusion. The results of the study show that the reduction of disease incidence is observed at high temperatures, high activity of solar radiation, and prolonged daylight, which determines the conditions for the prevention of such diseases and will improve the quality of life to achieve sustainable development.
What Impact has lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 incidence, prevalence and mortality during second wave of pandemic in 2021: - observational analysis of Bihar
Authors: Kumar Dr Piyush
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: My research aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the trends in the incidence, prevalence and mortality in the state of Bihar, India, during COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was obtained from Health Department Bihar, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and lockdown data were obtained from online websites as well. The impact of lockdown for 13 days before lockdown, first and second 13 days during lockdown, and 13 days after the lockdown on the incidence, prevalence and mortality due to the 
COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article.

RESULTS: The findings showed that except for Incidence /100000/ new death there was a trend toward a decline, and except for Prevalence/100000/confirmed cases from beginning of pandemic all other prevalence have increased. The total and observation period mortality rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increased.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that 13 days after the lockdown, incidence, daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease showed a declined trend, but there was no significant decline in the prevalence and mortality.
Externalities of extreme natural disasters on local tax capacity
Authors: Ayala-García Jhorland , Dall'erba Sandy , Ridley William C.
Published: July 2021

This paper studies the impact of extreme weather events on the local tax revenue across Colombian municipalities. We follow a two-step approach to evaluate to what extent a municipality’s tax revenue depends on natural disasters taking place both locally and in its trade partners. In the first step, we estimate a gravity model of bilateral trade and construct a trade flow matrix allowing us to measure the strength of the economic relationships between cities. To do so, we build a novel dataset describing the inter-city trade flows for road transported goods in Colombia for the period 2015–2019. In the second step, we use spatial models to estimate the externalities of extreme weather events. Our results reveal that natural disasters in the destination cities increase the tax revenue in the origin city. We provide evidence of the capacity of trade to mitigate the negative effects of natural disasters.
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes
Authors: Pouder Deborah B. , Curtis Eric W. , Yanong Roy P.
Published: July 2021

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections. This document is Fact Sheet FA-112, one of a series from the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: July 2005. 

FA-112/FA112: Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Digenean Trematodes (ufl.edu)
Marketing Opportunities for Blood Ark Clams and Ponderous Ark Clams
Authors: Degner Robert L. , Southwell Tiffany B. , Sturmer Leslie N. , Morgan Kimberly L.
Published: July 2021

The basic objective of this study was to determine the present market potential of Blood Ark and Ponderous Ark clams in the United States. This paper summarizes research that attempted to quantify the shellfish trade industry's present awareness and acceptance of the Blood Ark and Ponderous Ark clams as a first step in evaluating the economic feasibility of producing these clams in commercial quantities using commercially feasible aquacultural production techniques by the existing hard clam industry. This is EDIS document FE478, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published August 2005.
Issues at the Rural-Urban Fringe: Land Use -- Agricultural Zoning
Authors: Clouser Rodney L.
Published: July 2021

This fact sheet is one in a series intended to familiarize readers with land use issues at the rural-urban fringe. The next several fact sheets specifically address techniques used in various states, including Florida, to encourage the long-term stability of land in agricultural production. Many states use more than one technique in an attempt to prevent land from converting from agricultural to non-agricultural use. Future fact sheets will explicitly address techniques of Agricultural Districts, Fee Simple Purchase and Purchase of Development Rights, Transfer of Development Rights, Clustering of Development, and Conservation Easements. This is EDIS document FE554, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. This document is one of a series entitled "Issues at the Rural-Urban Fringe". Published May 2005.
Hurricane Dennis' Impact on Cuban Agriculture
Authors: Messina, Jr. William A. , Spreen Thomas H.
Published: July 2021

Between July 7 and July 9, 2005, Hurricane Dennis moved along the southern coast of Cuba then moved across the island, enveloping nearly the entire country with strong hurricane and tropical storm force winds and driving rain. This was the fourth major hurricane to strike Cuba in the last four years. As a Category 4 storm on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale when it came ashore in central Cuba on July 8, Hurricane Dennis brought with it sustained winds reported at nearly 150 mph (240 kph) and wind gusts as high as 155 mph (250 kph), making it the strongest hurricane to strike Cuba in four decades (Havana Journal, July 10, 2005). This is EDIS document FE570, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published August 2005.
Field Diagnosis and Management of Phytophthora Diseases
Authors: Futch Stephen H. , Graham James H.
Published: July 2021

Phytophthora species are important soil-borne fungal pathogens worldwide that attack the root systems, trunks, and fruit of citrus trees at any age. Historical reports from Florida indicated Phytophthora was a problem as early as 1876 on sweet orange seedlings. When roots or tree trunks are affected, the foliage turns yellow and exhibits poor growth, leaves drop, twigs die back, and fruit size and yield are reduced. As fungal infection of roots and bark progress, the above-ground symptoms increase in severity. Ultimately, trees may decline and die. These symptoms result from the inability of the tree's fibrous roots to take up nutrients and water from the soil, as well as blockage of movement to the tree's canopy via lateral roots and the trunk. The movement of photosynthates 'downward' is also impaired. The two main species of Phytophthora in Florida are P. nicotianae and P. palmivora. Populations of either Phytophthora spp. in the soil may increase by repeated infection of fibrous roots resulting in rapid reproduction under conditions of high moisture and warm temperatures (75-90°F). This document is HS-1015, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 2005.

HS-1015/HS261: Field Diagnosis and Management of Phytophthora Diseases (ufl.edu)
Requirements of Aerial Applicators in Florida
Authors: Fishel Frederick M.
Published: July 2021

This guide explains the requirements for applying pesticides, fertilizer and seed with an aircraft in Florida. This document is PI-58, one of a series of the Pesticide Information Office, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date August 2005.

PI-58/PI094: Requirements of Aerial Applicators in Florida (ufl.edu)
Agricultural and Related Pest Control Applicator License Classifications under the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS)
Authors: Fishel Frederick M.
Published: July 2021

This guide provides an explanation of private, public and commercial pesticide applicator licenses issued by FDACS under Chapter 487 Florida Statutes. This document is PI-59, one of a series of the Pesticide Information Office, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date August 2005.
Video Equipment and Video Shot Composition
Authors: Telg Ricky , Beattie Peyton
Published: July 2021

This 6-page publication about video equipment and video shot composition is part of a series on developing effective video production practices. This series also covers video production, scriptwriting, and video editing. Minor revision by Ricky Telg and Peyton Beattie; published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication.
Getting the Most out of Social Media: Successfully Using Social Media
Authors: Baker Lauri M. , Warwick Caroline R. , Fernandez Jessica C. , Rumble Joy
Published: July 2021

This EDIS publication is written for Florida agriculturalists, Extension agents, agricultural organizations and other individuals interested in successfully using social media to connect with their stakeholders, potential customers or other individuals. This 3-page publication focuses on describing successful ways in which an organization can use social media and getting the most out of their social media usage. Minor revision by Lauri Baker, Caroline Warwick, Jessica Fernandez, and Joy Rumble.
Severe Allergies, Price Increases, and Supply Shortages
Authors: Markovich Hayley
Published: July 2021

Controlling pharmaceutical prescription costs has been an interest in the United States for decades. In 2016, EpiPen experienced a 600% price increase. This exploratory framing study focuses on news coverage of EpiPen’s price increase and related pharmaceutical price increase stories through analyzing three U.S. television news programs’ coverage. Within 30 news segments that discussed EpiPen or medication price increases, analysis revealed four frames: economic, attribution of responsibility, morality and human interest, and conflict and powerlessness. This study provides a larger understanding of how the crisis of medication price increases is understood and implications for practitioners and individuals aiming to make medications more accessible.
COMPARISON OF VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT BEFORE AND AFTER VILLAGE FUND IMPLEMENTATION IN NAGAN RAYA DISTRICT
Authors: Ramly Arroyyan
Published: July 2021

This study aims to analyze and see the effectiveness of the distribution of the use of village funds in Kuala Subdistrict, Nagan Raya Regency and its relationship with poverty levels. The data used is in the form of time series data from 2015 to 2018 which is collected through primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained by directly visiting villages in the Kuala sub-district. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained from the website of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), document review, articles related to the object of research. This study conducted observations of 10 villages as a sample of 17 villages in Kuala District. The analysis method uses panel data regression with the random effect model (REM) analysis method. From the regression results of the random effect model, it was found that the village fund variable had a positive and significant effect on poverty with a probability of 0.0000 = p-value α = 5%. Then the village fund allocation variable has a significant negative effect on poverty with a probability of 0.0000 = p-value α = 5%. This means that adding 1% of village funds or increasing village funds will reduce poverty in Kuala Subdistrict, Nagan Raya Regency.
KELAYAKAN DAN KEADILAN DALAM PENETAPAN UPAH NELAYAN KAPAL PUKAT LANGGAR KUALA LANGSA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi
Published: July 2021

Wages are a form of income as a reward given by the owner of the boat to fishermen for services that have been provided. Wages serve as a guarantee for the survival of fishermen so that boat owners must provide wages in accordance with their work and fishermen must work according to the agreement. The problem occurs if there is no written work agreement regarding the determination of wages, so that if the policy in work activities is fully controlled by the handler, the handler may act fraudulently in setting wages and also in taking an action such as unilaterally terminating the job without the ship owner’s knowledge. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and fairness in determining the wages of fishing trawlers in Kuala Langsa and to find out the views in Islamic Business Ethics. This type of research is a field study (field research) with descriptive qualitative research methods. Primary data were obtained from interviews with boat owners and fishermen in 5 trawler businesses in Kuala Langsa, while secondary data were obtained through books, scientific papers and documents used to answer problems in research. The researcher concludes that the determination of wages for fishing trawlers in Kuala Langsa is not against Islamic Business Ethics because there is willingness from each party and the fish income obtained is also calculated in a transparent manner. In this case, the fishermen don’t feel wronged because each party receives a legal wage according to the level of their work without being wrongful to the other and the rights and obligations of each party (boat owners and fishermans) have been fulfilled
The TOEFL as Exit Criteria in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Programs in Mexico: A Discourse Historical Analysis (DHA) Approach
Authors: Frausto Hernandez Isaac
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to explore the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) assessment under its Institutional Testing Program (ITP) modality as it acts as a curriculum artifact along Mexican undergraduate degree programs considered within the exit criteria. A discourse historical approach (DHA) (Wodak, 2008; Wodak & Meyer, 2009) is taken in analyzing the TOEFL ITP assessment to further understand its implementation. The analysis helps reveal the many linguistic and metalinguistic skills and elements that extend beyond what may be traditionally taught in English courses or programs. The analysis also calls for further questioning of how suitable the TOEFL ITP may be in aiming to assess the proficiency level or development of English learners along undergraduate degrees in Mexico. Alternative types of assessment may better aid in providing a different perspective on the knowledge or progress of these students.
Legitimidad del ejercicio versus la de origen: análisis del primer año de gestión de las últimas tres alcaldías capitalinas
Authors: Moncayo Vives Guido
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación busca comparar el primer año de gestión y sus niveles de le-gitimidad de los último tres alcaldes de Quito y la actual administración municipal en la ciudad de Guayaquil, para analizar comparativamente los niveles de legitimidad de origen o de elección respecto a la alcanzada luego del primer año de gestión y, de presentarse diferentes niveles de legitimidad, poder identificar cuáles han sido las acciones o las estrategias ejecutadas para que la legitimidad del ejercicio prime sobre la de origen. Es así que el artículo en su primera parte empieza con un marco conceptual que analizará conceptos como los sistemas de partidos, sistemas de gobierno, regímenes políticos, sistemas electorales y la legitimidad con sus diferentes tipos, seguido por una sección donde se analiza la elección y gestión de anteriores alcaldes capitalinos y la actual alcaldesa guayaquileña y se cierra con la tercera parte que buscará analizar la gestión de las tres alcaldías antes mencionadas en comparación con el desempeño de la actual alcaldía quiteña. Se realiza este artículo a partir de una metodología histórico-analítica, con análisis de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, encontrando como principal limitante la diferencia en algunos casos de la temporalidad de los datos de los exalcaldes, que para el propósito de este estudio no se considera relevante.