bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change Detection Analysis Using Drone-Based Photogrammetry for Long-Term Archaeological Site Erosion Monitoring
Authors: Pennanen Kelsey
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a rapid, cost-effective, and non-specialist approach to long-term archaeological site monitoring that is repeatable and affordable. Advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based photogrammetry allow for the creation of multi-temporal three-dimensional (3D) models that permit accurate and in-depth analysis and quantification of landscape change through time. This paper presents a case study of aerial-based photogrammetric datasets using UAVs (i.e., drones) to conduct change detection analysis for monitoring continued erosion threatening an Indigenous buffalo jump in Alberta, Canada. The results demonstrate which areas of the site experienced the most significant change over a period of four years. By bridging gaps between traditional field survey and satellite-scale observations of impacts to large archaeological site complexes, UAV monitoring programs may become increasingly important as anthropogenic climate change continues to threaten heritage sites in Canada.
‘Welcome to the Anthropocene’
Authors: Brædder Anne
Published: July 2024

The geological concept ‘the Anthropocene’ circulates widely outside Earth System Science – in museum communities, public culture, social sciences, and amongst social science and humanities scholars, artists, activists and public historians too. It is an evident idea for public historians today working with environmental history to engage with a concept that successfully and popularly bridges academic and public interests. This article discusses the concept of the Anthropocene within public environmental history’s historiography and brings in Dipesh Chakrabarty’s influential discussions from the academic field of history and theory about the non-synchronous temporalities geological time and historical time. The article categorizes public environmental history’s methodological approaches since the field emerged in the 1990s, revealing the important concepts being landscapes, human-nature interactions, climate change, sustainability and the Anthropocene. It concludes that the Anthropocene is a concept that can further develop public environmental history but that it also a paradox to the field potentially affecting a core idea in public history – relationships to publics. This has to do with temporal implications of the concept: it squeezes the temporality of memory important to public history and humans out of view; it imposes an extremely slow and long chronological time that is unfamiliar if not foreign to ordinary people to perceive of; it carries with it the idea about a future without humans and other species of today.
Efecto insecticida del aceite esencial de los frutos de Schinus molle aplicado al gorgojo de la papa (Premnotrypes latithorax)
Authors: Huaraka Beronica Roxana , Mostajo Zavaleta Martha
Published: July 2024

En el presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en Cusco-Perú, debido a que los agricultores presentan dificultades en el control del gorgojo de la papa, por lo que se determinó el efecto insecticida del aceite esencial de los frutos de Schinus molle aplicado al gorgojo de la papa (Premnotrypes latithorax).  El aceite esencial fue extraído de frutos maduros y frescos por el método de hidrodestilación con trampa de Clevenger, las propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite se determinaron por normas estandarizadas de Normas Técnicas Peruanas (NTP) y el efecto insecticida por el método de impregnación en papel filtro en recipiente cerrado. La concentración letal media (CL50) del aceite se determinó por el método Probit.  En el diseño experimental se utilizó un testigo y 4 concentraciones diferentes, los datos fueron tomados cada 2,12, 24 y 48 horas. El análisis estadístico se hizo con pruebas no paramétricas de Kruskal Wallis y el método Próbit, obteniendo un resultado favorable a concentración de 2.5% y 5% con una mortalidad del 100% de la población adulta de Premnotrypes latithorax con el tiempo de exposición a 24 horas de aplicado del aceite esencial de los frutos de Schinus molle por tanto se concluye que el aceite de los frutos de Schinus molle si tiene efecto insecticida sobre el Premnotrypes latithorax.
Los escorpiones (Arachnida) del Santuario Histórico de Machupicchu, Cusco, Perú
Authors: Ochoa José Antonio
Published: July 2024

Se reporta la presencia de cuatro especies y dos familias de escorpiones para el ámbito del Santuario Histórico de Machupicchu: Familia Buthidae: Tityus footei, Bothriuridae: Brachistosternus andinus, Orobothriurus wawita y Pachakutej sp. Para cada especie se presenta características diagnóstico a nivel morfológico (patrón de pigmentación, carenas, granulación, tricobotriotaxia y hemispermatóforo). Asimismo se incluye detalles del hábitat y distribución de las especies.
Nuevos registros del género Littoridina (Gastropoda) para el departamento del Cusco – Perú
Authors: Flórez–Bustamante Ángel E.
Published: July 2024

Se reporta la presencia de cinco especies del género Littoridina para el ámbito del departamento del Cusco. Para cada especie se presenta características morfológicas y datos de colección.
STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED BINDER OBTAINED ON THE BASIS OF BENEFICIATION WASTE OF THE MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT
Authors: Yestemessova А.S. ,   International Educational Corporation, Zhilkibaeva A.М. , Matveeva L.Y. ,   International Educational Corporation,   St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: July 2024

The introduction of active mineral additives into cement makes it possible to obtain concrete with high physical, mechanical and operational characteristics, namely, they increase the density, water resistance, frost, sulfate, alkali resistance and salt resistance of concretes and mortars, while reducing the consumption of clinker cement. The scale of construction of facilities using cement concrete is growing every year, which raises the question of reducing the consumption of clinker cement, due to the high energy intensity of production using active mineral additives. The use of active mineral additives in the form of waste from enrichment has high economic and environmental significance. The article examines the ways of using waste tailings of polymetallic ore enrichment in cement as a complex modified binder with an active mineral additive. To select the optimal ratio of silica and Balkhash GOK enrichment waste, their pozzolan activity was determined, which is 3.8-4 times higher for silica than for BGOK waste. The pozzolan activity of Balkhash GOK enrichment waste 16 hours after mixing with lime solution is 24 mg/g, and microsilicon is 114 mg/g. The pozzolan activity of a complex mineral additive for cements consisting of 60% of Balkhash GOK enrichment waste and 40% of microsilicon is 48 mg/g. The introduction of 40% silica into the Balkhash GOK enrichment waste increases the pozzolan activity of the complex additive by 2 times. This made it possible to obtain a modified binder using a complex mineral additive of up to 20%.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LIQUID GLASS COMPOSITION TO PROTECT WOOD FROM FIRE
Authors: Kim B.V. ,   International Educational Corporation, Kurmanbekova E.B. , Sambetbayeva A.K. ,   International Educational Corporation,   International Educational Corporation
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the process of developing a liquid glass composition designed to protect wood from fire. The main attention is paid to the selection of components such as sodium liquid glass as a binding agent, silica as a filler and a foaming agent to improve the properties of the coating. These components are chosen for their ability to form a protective layer, which swells when heated, significantly increasing the flame retardant properties of the material. The research methods included a detailed analysis of the constituent components of the flame retardant composition and experimental testing of its effectiveness. Laboratory tests were carried out, including the preparation of wood samples, their processing with the developed composition and the subsequent study of their behavior under the influence of high temperatures. The results show that the flame retardant coating effectively protects wood and belongs to the first group in terms of flame retardant effectiveness, being the highest indicator among similar materials. It is recommended to use this composition in a single-layer design to reduce the flammability of wooden structures as effectively as possible. The technological efficiency of the new composition is ensured due to the minimum number of components used and the availability of high-quality raw materials.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT EFFECTIVENESS OF ROAD SLABS PRODUCED USING MICROSILICA AND FIBER
Authors: Kopzhassarov B.T. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Akhmetov D.A. , Zhagifarov A.M. , Abdraimov I.E. , Kuttybai M.T. , Zhumadilova Z.O. ,   Satbayev University,   Satbayev University,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University,   Satbayev University
Published: July 2024

Here we present the results of testing the concrete physical and mechanical properties for road slabs reinforced with bulk fiber, including polypropylene macro- and microfibers. We have analyzed the effect of the use of macrofibers and microfibers in the concrete composition. There was established the impact of low-modulus synthetic fibers on the characteristics of strength, density, water resistance and frost resistance of concrete for road pavement. It was established that polypropylene macrofibers impact on the physical and technical characteristics of concrete, increase compressive and bending strength, and polypropylene microfibers improve the structure of the cement component of concrete, optimize the pore space, increase the frost resistance and water resistance of concrete. It has been experimentally proved that owing to the combined use of various sized fiber fibers, it is possible to produce concrete that has good characteristics in strength, density and frost resistance. It was established that with the combined concrete fiber reinforcement with microsilica addition, we get the possibility of increasing bending strength up to 35%, frost resistance up to F375 and water resistance up to W14. The research results make it possible to recommend multi-dimensional polypropylene fibers for volumetric reinforcement and microsilica to create additional crystallization centers and reduce the pore space in the concrete body at road slabs manufacture.
SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL MACHINERY COMPLEX FOR CONSTRUCTING IRRIGATION CANALS WITH A PARABOLIC PROFILE
Authors: Moldamuratov Zh.N. ,   International Educational Corporation, Sennikov M.N. , Seitkazinov O.D. , Abieva G.S. , Yeskermessov Zh.E. ,   M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University,   International Educational Corporation,   International Educational Corporation,   M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University
Published: July 2024

An analysis of the experience of dredger operation in various industries allows us to identify the following main problems that need to be addressed to improve their efficiency: improvement of papillonation schemes and structural enhancement of the main equipment from a hydraulic perspective. The current soil intake devices, suction lines, and soil pumps do not always fully meet the specific requirements of soil development conditions. The objectives of the present research were to propose ways to enhance the performance of systems for automatic control of dredger work movements and automatic regulation of the soil intake process. These proposals aim to create a parabolic cross-sectional shape of the canal during development, ensure the highest productivity and lowest energy consumption, as well as low work costs, using modern control devices. The effect of the proposed technology for canal development using dredgers with automated papillonation consists of the following: providing the developed canals with a stable cross-sectional shape; automating the papillonation of the dredger and optimizing the operation of the soil pump; Implementing shift-based production accounting; using soil meters in the automated system. Giving the developed canal a cross-sectional shape that is stable in both hydraulic and static aspects has allowed for the following benefits: increased sediment transport capacity of the flow, while simultaneously reducing the cross-sectional area, growth of vegetation, water level fluctuations, water losses, and the right-of-way strip; reduced the volume of cleaning work by up to 20%; increased the period between cleanings by ensuring uniform flow movement; enhanced the productivity of dredgers by concentrating sediment on the canal slopes without changing the overall volume of cleaning.
The relationship between upper cross syndrome posture and shoulder disability
Authors: Wiranatha Made Bagus Krishna , Putra I Putu Yudi Pramana , Saraswati Putu Ayu Sita , Kinandana Gede Parta
Published: July 2024

Background: Crossfit is a high-intensity sport that has the potential for injury risk. Upper cross syndrome posture increases muscle tension in the upper region, resulting in pressure on the neck and shoulders, pain, numbness, and decreased body function. This research aimed to determine the relationship between upper cross syndrome posture and shoulder functionality among cross fitter in Bali.
Methods: The study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted from November 2023 to February 2024 with the main target population for this study being CrossFit practitioners at Crossfit Bali who experienced upper cross syndrome posture. The exclusion criterion is a history of a shoulder injury. The sample size was 50 people who had upper cross syndrome posture. This study used purposive sampling and the measurement of upper cross syndrome posture was used the REEDCO posture test Tragus to Wall test and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index.
Results: It was found that 35 people had forward heads, 30 people had rounded shoulders, 33 people had uneven shoulders, and 8 people had tilted heads. Results of the decrease in functional shoulder using the SPADI test showed a mild decrease in 47 people (94%) and a moderate decrease in 3 people (6%). Results of the correlation test with the Spearman rho test, which is 0.647, it is stated the results are not related.
Conclusion: There was no relationship between upper cross syndrome and functional shoulders in CrossFit in Bali.
Управління якістю в еко-індустріальних парках: принципи та підходи
Authors: Popyk Oleh
Published: July 2024

Мета. Основною метою представленого дослідження є оцінювання потенційних переваг і можливостей щодо впровадження загальнометодичних принципів та підходів концепту управління якістю в організацію діяльності еко-індустріальних парків в Україні.
Результати. На основі ґрунтовного аналізу наукових джерел за тематикою дослідження представлено категоріальне узагальнення дефініцій «еко-індустріальний парк», «індустріальний симбіоз» та «управління якістю в еко-індустріальних парках». Визначено основні етапи розвитку та становлення еко-індустріальних парків і місце управління якістю на кожному з етапів. У ролі основних стратегій розвитку та розбудови еко-індустріальних парків розглянуто реплікацію (копіювання) та репродукцію вже функціонуючих еко-індустріальних парків у нових локаціях. Розкрито сутність і роль публічних агентів у підтримці та розвитку еко-індустріальних парків, зокрема й у межах неоурбоекосистем. Наголошено, що екологоорієнтоване управління щодо діяльності еко-індустріальних парків у межах неоурбоекосистем, у першу чергу, спрямоване на досягнення цілей сталого розвитку, зокрема сталого розвитку міст і спільнот, відповідальному споживанню та партнерству заради стійкого розвитку. На основі теоретичного узагальнення визначено, що основу концептів циркулярної економіки та управління якістю становить системний підхід, саме тому гнучкий, горизонтальний організаційний дизайн може сприяти інтерналізації циклічних практик у діяльність еко-індустріальних парків більш належним чином. Сформовано пропозиції щодо подальшого вдосконалення діяльності еко-індустріальних в Україні, зокрема й на засадах упровадження систем управління якістю та сертифікації за стандартами серії ISO.
Наукова новизна. Уперше розглянуто та обґрунтовано можливість запровадження принципів та підходів концепту управління якістю в діяльність еко-індустральних парків. Розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо імплементації принципів управління якістю в основні виробничі процеси еко-індустріальних парків у процесі створення цінності, що можуть бути в подальшому використані як у теоретичних дослідженнях, так і практичній імплементації. Доведено доцільність запровадження систем управління якістю в діяльність еко-індустріальних парків, як можливого каталізатора «зеленої» трансформації виробничих процесів на засадах циркулярної економіки.
Практична цінність. Результати представленого дослідження можуть бути цікаві керівництву еко-індустріальних парків в Україні та в подальшому використані як прикладний інструментарій для впровадження систем управління якістю в їхню діяльність. Крім того, отримані результати можуть стати основою для подальшої сертифікації еко-індустріальних парків за міжнародними стандартами серії ISO. Певні напрацювання, що були отримані в процесі дослідження, можуть бути використані органами державної влади для обґрунтування подальших законодавчих змін щодо регулювання діяльності еко-індустріальних парків, зокрема Закону України «Про індустріальні парки».
Competitiveness and sustainability of land use: book review
Authors: Bachev Hrabrin
Published: July 2024

This work presents a review of the actual monograph “Financial support for the formation of sustainable competitiveness of land use of agricultural enterprises” prepared by Professor, DrS, PhD Anatolii Kucher. The main provisions of the fundamental monograph and its contribution to the development of the modern system of scientific knowledge on the theory, methodology and practice of financial support for the sustainable competitiveness of land use of agricultural enterprises are presented.
Управління інноваційно-інвестиційною складовою сільськогосподарського землекористування підприємств в умовах циркулярної економіки
Authors: Dankevych Vitalii , Dankevych Andrii , Bolshakova Yevheniia
Published: July 2024

Мета. Метою статті є визначення ефективних стратегій управління інноваційно-інвестиційними процесами в сільськогосподарському землекористуванні в рамках циркулярної економіки.
Результати. Аналіз управління інноваційно-інвестиційною складовою в контексті сільськогосподарського землекористування аграрних підприємств в умовах циркулярної економіки є важливим кроком у розробці нових стратегічних підходів. Аналіз економічної діяльності провідних аграрних підприємств виявив значні переваги впровадження інноваційних технологій, спрямованих на мінімізацію обробітку ґрунту. Ці технології не лише підвищують продуктивність праці, але й дозволяють знижувати операційні витрати на паливо-мастильні матеріали, амортизацію машинно-тракторного парку та запасні частини, що сприяє зменшенню загальних витрат на одиницю обробленої площі. Доведено, що в умовах циркулярної економіки управління інноваційно-інвестиційною складовою сільськогосподарського землекористування вимагає не лише застосування передових технологій, а й розвитку адекватної інфраструктури. Це включає наукові дослідження, трансформацію наукових і технологічних розробок до рівня готових інноваційних проєктів та їх реалізацію на виробництві. Крім технічного забезпечення, необхідне вдосконалення системи управління земельними ресурсами, яка повинна включати сприяння розвитку науки та інновацій, створення умов для малого інноваційного підприємництва, а також формування державних замовлень на дослідження з організації раціонального використання земель.
Наукова новизна. Це дослідження розширює наявні знання шляхом упровадження комплексного аналізу та врахування взаємозв’язків між інноваціями, інвестиціями та ефективним використанням земельних ресурсів. Результати дослідження підкреслюють необхідність реформування інфраструктурних та управлінських аспектів, що включає інтеграцію передових технологій та створення умов для інноваційного підприємництва.
Практична цінність. Практична цінність цього дослідження полягає в розробці стратегічних рекомендацій для аграрних підприємств, спрямованих на інтеграцію інновацій та інвестицій у сфері землекористування. Результати аналізу сприяють удосконаленню управлінських практик, оптимізації виробничих процесів і зменшенню витрат, що дозволяє підвищити конкурентоспроможність підприємств. Втілення цих стратегій не лише покращує економічну ефективність, але й забезпечує стале використання природних ресурсів, сприяє збереженню довкілля та впровадженню принципів циркулярної економіки на практиці.
Assessment of factors affecting the solvency of property-liability insurance companies
Authors: Krache Houssem , Leftaha Souad , Chougui Tarek
Published: July 2024

Purpose. This study aims to determine the effect of company size, investment return ratio, own-retention ratio and underwriting results on both the solvency ratio based on technical provisions (YTP), and the solvency ratio based on net premiums (YNP) of 12 property-liability (P/L) insurance companies in Algeria during 2018–2021. This study uses the multiple regression analysis with the help of the SPSS program.
Results. The results of this study indicate that the underwriting results have a positive and significant effect on YTP of P/L insurance companies in Algeria during 2018–2021, while other variables do not affect YTP. This study also states that the own-retention ratio and underwriting results have a significant positive influence on YNP of P/L insurance companies in Algeria during 2018–2021, however the company size and investment return ratio do not affect YNP of these companies. The developed models explain only 32.4 % of the variation in dependent variable (YTP) and 61.7 % of the variation in dependent variable (YNP), implying that there are still other factors affecting solvency of P/L insurance companies in Algeria.
Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this research lies on knowing the factors affecting the solvency of insurance companies by focusing on Algeria, especially since the Algerian solvency system is still purely traditional and does not focus on the factors considered in this study.
Practical value. The findings will enable insurance companies in Algeria to optimally evaluate their solvency by focusing on the factors that have a significant effect on the solvency of insurance companies, thus ensuring the sustainability of these companies. Furthermore, the results of this study could be assistance to the insurance regulatory authority in Algeria to reconsider the rules of regulating solvency based on the factors that affect insurer’ solvency.
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
Authors: CADTH
Published: July 2024

CADTH recommends that Keytruda should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of locally advanced unresectable or metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumours express programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) if certain conditions are met.
Keytruda should only be covered to treat adult patients who have not received previous treatment for advanced or metastatic esophageal or GEJ cancer and have good performance status.
Keytruda should only be reimbursed if prescribed in combination with trastuzumab, fluoropyrimidine, and platinum-containing chemotherapy by a clinician with expertise and experience in treating gastric and GEJ cancer.
O PROCESSO DE INCLUSÃO DA CRIANÇA AUTISTA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: França Erika Cristina Siqueira de , Soares Joceli da Silva , Cruz Rebeca Thaís dos Santos , Melo Davi Libânio de
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo teve como objetivo investigar como ocorre o processo de inclusão da criança autista na Educação Infantil. Diante disso, a falta de conhecimento e a falta de formação continuada por parte da gestão escolar e professores vêm comprometendo a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento do aluno com TEA. A fundamentação teórica dessa pesquisa foi embasada em (Sampaio, 2018); (Silva e Silva, 2015); (Fernandes 2016); (Hees, Ramírez e Santos 2023) e (Albuquerque 2017). A metodologia adotada nesse estudo de campo foi classificada como qualitativa e sua realização ocorreu em uma escola pública do município de Ipojuca- PE. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de observações diretas e questionários. Foram selecionados dois sujeitos para investigação, uma professora e uma  coordenadora, as quais foram chamados de P e CP. Através da entrevista foi possível afirmar que a hipótese foi confirmada, visto que ainda existem escolas que precisam ter um olhar inclusivo e professores com especializações adequadas para lidar com as especificidades desses alunos.
Diverging trends in aerosol sulfate and nitrate measured in the remote North Atlantic in Barbados are attributed to clean air policies, African smoke, and anthropogenic emissions
Authors: Gaston Cassandra J. , Prospero Joseph M. , Foley Kristen , Pye Havala O. T. , Custals Lillian , Blades Edmund , Sealy Peter , Christie James A.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Sulfate and nitrate aerosols degrade air quality, modulate radiative forcing and the hydrological cycle, and affect biogeochemical cycles, yet their global cycles are poorly understood. Here, we examined trends in 21 years of aerosol measurements made at Ragged Point, Barbados, the easternmost promontory on the island located in the eastern Caribbean Basin. Though the site has historically been used to characterize African dust transport, here we focused on changes in nitrate and non-sea-salt (nss) sulfate aerosols from 1990–2011. Nitrate aerosol concentrations averaged over the entire period were stable at 0.59 µg m−3 ± 0.04 µg m−3, except for elevated nitrate concentrations in the spring of 2010 and during the summer and fall of 2008 due to the transport of biomass burning emissions from both northern and southern Africa to our site. In contrast, from 1990 to 2000, nss-sulfate decreased 30 % at a rate of 0.023 µg m−3 yr−1, a trend which we attribute to air quality policies enacted in the United States (US) and Europe. From 2000–2011, sulfate gradually increased at a rate of 0.021 µg m−3 yr−1 to pre-1990s levels of 0.90 µg m−3. We used the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations from the EPA's Air QUAlity TimE Series (EQUATES) to better understand the changes in nss-sulfate after 2000. The model simulations estimate that increases in anthropogenic emissions from Africa explain the increase in nss-sulfate observed in Barbados. Our results highlight the need to better constrain emissions from developing countries and to assess their impact on aerosol burdens in remote source regions.
Multi-GNSS real-time tropospheric delay retrieval based on SSR products from different analysis centers
Authors: Yao Wanqiang , Huang Haoran , Ma Xiongwei , Zhang Qi , Yao Yibin , Lin Xiaohu , Zhao Qingzhi , Huang Yunzheng
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The troposphere plays an important role in a range of weather and various climate changes. With the development of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) inversion based on GNSS has become one of the common methods. Research on real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP)-derived ZTD accuracies of SSR corrections from different Analysis Centers (ACs) is important for earth observation correction, meteorological disaster forecasting, and warning with the increasing abundance of state-space representation (SSR) products obtained by the International GNSS Service Analysis Center (IGS). Therefore, accuracies and availability of real-time orbits and clock errors obtained by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), GMV Aerospace and Defense (GMV), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNE) and Wuhan University (WHU) were evaluated, and the RT positioning performance and ZTD accuracies were analyzed for GPS, Galileo, BDS3. The results indicate that CAS has the higher satellite availability, providing SSR corrections for 82 GPS, Galileo, BDS3 satellites. The accuracies of GPS/Galileo/BDS3 orbits are best at WHU, CAS, WHU with values of 5.57/5.91/11.77 cm, respectively; the STDs of clock error are all better than 0.22/0.19/0.55 ns, and the RMSEs are better than 0.54/0.32/1.46 ns. CAS has the best Signal-In-Space Ranging Errors (SISRE), followed by WHU, while CNE and GMV are worse. In the RT-PPP test, convergence times for CAS and WHU are 14.9 minutes and 14.4 minutes, respectively, with 3D positioning accuracy both around 3.3 cm, which is better than CNE and GMV. Among them, WHU-SSR has the higher accuracy of RT-PPP-derived ZTD with an RMSE of 6.06 mm and desirable availability with a completeness rate of 89 %.
Optimizing rock glaciers activity classification in South Tyrol (North-East Italy): integrating multisource data with statistical modelling
Authors: Crippa Chiara , Steger Stefan , Cuozzo Giovanni , Bearzot Francesca , Mair Volkmar , Notarnicola Claudia
Published: July 2024

Abstract. As a consequence of climate warming, high-altitude periglacial and glacial environments exhibit the clearest signs of cryosphere degradation, and the Alps serve as a natural laboratory for studying the primary effects on permafrost-related features. Our research in South Tyrol, North-East Italy, aimed to develop an updated classification system for rock glaciers activity, based on remote sensing data and statistical models, with the aim of categorizing them as active, transitional, or relict according to the recent RGIK guidelines. Since the current regional inventory includes activity attributes based only on morphological observations and differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) coherence, it lacks a comprehensive definition integrating climatic drivers, displacement rates, and morphometric parameters. To address this, we utilized the Alaska Satellite Facility's InSAR cloud computing, employing small baseline subset (SBAS) approach and MintPy algorithms to extract velocity data for each rock glacier in South Tyrol. Additionally, we analyzed geomorphological and climatic maps derived from in-situ and remote sensing data to obtain descriptive parameters influencing rock glaciers development and activity. From a wide range of potential variables, we selected eight key predictors, representing physical (e.g. temperature), morphological (e.g. roughness), and dynamic (e.g. velocity and coherence indicators) attributes. These predictors were successively integrated in a multiclass generalized additive mixing model (GAM) classifier to categorize the landforms. Applying this model to the entire dataset (achieving an AUC over 0.9) allowed us to address gaps in previous classification methods and provided activity attributes for previously unclassified rock glaciers, along with associated uncertainty values. Our approach improved classification accuracy, leaving only 3.5 % of features unclassified compared to 13 % in morphological classification and 18.5 % in DInSAR-based methods. The results revealed a predominance of relict features (~75 %) and a smaller number of active ones (~10 %). The distribution of active, transitional, and relict classes suggests that the transition from active to relict states is not a direct process. Instead, an intermediate transitional phase is commonly observed. This comprehensive approach refines the categorization of mapped features and improves our understanding of the factors influencing rock glaciers activity in alpine environment.
Distinctive dust weather intensities in North China resulted from two types of atmospheric circulation anomalies
Authors: Huo Qianyi , Yin Zhicong , Ma Xiaoqing , Wang Huijun
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Dust weather in North China (NC) has worsened in recent years, posing adverse impacts on the environment, human health, and the economy. In 2021, the "3.15" super dust storm raised Beijing's PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 μm) concentrations above 7000 μg m−3, while 2023 witnessed the highest spring dust weather frequency in nearly a decade. Although previous studies have proposed that synoptic systems such as the Mongolian cyclone and cold high can induce dust weather in NC, there has been less focus on the cold high. Furthermore, the differences in PM10 concentrations in NC caused by the two synoptic systems have not been quantified. This study demonstrates that the Mongolian cyclone was responsible for 62.4 % of the dust weather in NC, while the remaining 37.6 % was primarily caused by the cold high. The dust intensity induced by the Mongolian cyclone was stronger than that of the cold high, with average maximum PM10 concentrations of 3076 μg m−3 and 2391 μg m−3, respectively. The three-dimensional structure of atmospheric circulation anomalies and related dynamic mechanisms of the two types were concluded. A common predictor of the two dust weather types has also been identified. These findings contribute to enhancing the comprehension of dust weather in North China and offer valuable insights for both dust weather forecasting and climate prediction.
Identifying irrigated areas using land surface temperature and hydrological modelling: Application to Rhine basin
Authors: Purnamasari Devi , Teuling Adriaan J. , Weerts Albrecht H.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Information about irrigation with relevant spatiotemporal resolution for understanding and modelling irrigation dynamics is important for improved water resources management. However, achieving a frequent and consistent characterization of areas where signals from rain-fed pixels overlap with irrigated pixels has been challenging. Here, we identify irrigated areas using a novel framework that combines hydrological modeling and satellite observations of land surface temperature. We tested the proposed methodology on the Rhine basin covering the period from 2010 to 2019 at a 1 km resolution. The result includes multiyear irrigated maps and irrigation frequency. Temporal analysis reveals that an average of 159 thousand hectares received irrigation at least once during the study period. The proposed methodology can approximate irrigated areas with R2 values of 0.79 and 0.77 for 2013 and 2016 compared to irrigation statistics, respectively. The method approximates irrigated areas in regions with large agricultural holdings better than in regions with small fragmented agricultural holdings, due to binary classification and the choice of spatial resolution. The irrigated areas are mainly identified in the established areas indicated in the existing irrigation maps. A comparison with global datasets reveals different disparities due to spatial resolution, input data, reference period, and processing techniques. From multiyear analysis, it is evident that irrigation extent is positively correlated with precipitation (r = 0.73, p-value = 0.0163) and less with potential evapotranspiration.
Substantial root-zone water storage capacity observed by GRACE and GRACE/FO
Authors: Zhao Meng , McCormick Erica L. , A Geruo , Konings Alexandra G. , Li Bailing
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Root-zone water storage capacity (Sr) – the maximum water volume that can be held in the plant root zone – bolsters ecosystem resilience to droughts and heat waves, influences land-atmosphere exchange, and controls runoff and groundwater recharge. However, Sr is difficult to measure, especially at large spatial scales, hindering accurate simulations of many biophysical processes, such as photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, tree mortality, and wildfire risk. Here, we present a global estimate of Sr using direct measurements of total water storage (TWS) anomalies from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On satellite missions. We find that the median Sr value for global vegetated regions is at least 220 ± 40 mm, which is over 50 % larger than the latest estimate derived from tracking storage change via water fluxes, and 380 % larger than that calculated using the soil and rooting depth parameterization. Parameterizing a global hydrological model with our Sr estimate improves TWS and evapotranspiration simulations across much of the globe. Furthermore, our Sr estimate, based solely on hydrological data, correlates realistically with an independent vegetation productivity dataset, underscoring the robustness of our approach. Our study highlights the importance of continued refinement and validation of Sr estimates and provides a new pathway for further exploring the impacts of Sr on water resource management and ecosystem sustainability.
Full-scale spectra of 15-year time series of near-surface horizontal wind speed on the north slope of Mt. Everest
Authors: Han Cunbo , Ma Yaoming , Ma Weiqiang , Sun Fanglin , Zhang Yunshuai , Hu Wei , Xu Hanying , Duan Chunhui , Xi Zhenhua
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Wind speed spectra analysis is of great importance for understanding boundary layer turbulence characteristics, atmospheric numerical model development, and wind energy assessment. 15-year time series of near-surface horizontal wind data from the national Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes (QOMS) on the north slope of Mt. Everest has been used to investigate the full-scale wind spectrum in the frequency range from about 10 yr-1 to 5 Hz. The annual average wind speed showed almost no detectable trend from 2006 to 2018 at the QOMS station. Three peaks were identified in the full-scale spectra at the frequencies of 1 yr-1, 1 day-1, and 12 hr-1, respectively. The 12 hr-1 peak is rarely observed at an offshore, coastal, or terrestrial site, and indicates the unique local circulations at the QOMS station. The spectral density was the highest on the low-frequency side of the diurnal peak and in the microscale frequency range (f  ≥ 1×10-3 Hz) in winter, indicating frequent synoptic weather events and vigorous turbulent intensity generated by shear due to strong wind during winter. An obvious spectral gap around the frequency of 4.5×10-4 Hz was observed in the composite seasonal and daily spectrum in winter, while the spectral gap disappeared in summer. The linear composition of microscale and mesoscale wind spectra also held, and the gap region of the horizontal wind spectrum was modeled very well at the QOMS site.
Middle Miocene climate evolution in the Northern Mediterranean region (Digne-Valensole basin, SE France)
Authors: Ballian Armelle , Meijers Maud J. M. , Cojan Isabelle , Huyghe Damien , Bernecker Miguel , Methner Katharina , Tagliavento Mattia , Fiebig Jens , Mulch Andreas
Published: July 2024

Abstract. During the Middle Miocene, the Earth shifted from a warm state, the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO, 16.9–14.7 Ma), to a colder state associated with the formation of extensive and permanent ice sheets on Antarctica. This climatic shift, the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (MMCT, 14.7–13.8 Ma) strongly affected the composition and structure of major biomes, ocean circulation, as well as precipitation patterns. Although Middle Miocene climate dynamics are well documented in marine records, our knowledge of terrestrial climate change is not well constrained. Here we present a long-term (23–13 Ma) stable (𝛿13C, 𝛿18O) and clumped (∆47) isotope record of soil carbonates from a northern Mediterranean Alpine foreland basin (Digne-Valensole Basin, France). ∆47-derived soil carbonate formation temperatures indicate a highly dynamic dry season temperature pattern that is consistent with multiple periods of reorganization of atmospheric circulation during the MCO. We propose that changes in atmospheric circulation patterns modified the seasonality of precipitation and, ultimately, the timing of pedogenic carbonate formation. Consequently, ∆47 soil carbonate temperature data record the combined effects of long-term regional temperature and carbonate formation seasonality change. The data are consistent with the existence of a proto-Mediterranean climate already during certain MCO time intervals. Following the MMCT, the stable and clumped isotope record displays pronounced cooling after 13.8 Ma accompanied by a rather large (-5.0 %) decrease in soil water 𝛿18O values. Our northern Mediterranean foreland basin climate record shares strong similarities with time-equivalent records from the terrestrial European mid-latitudes and the global oceans and enhances our understanding of the circum-Alpine Middle Miocene terrestrial climate dynamics.
Schutz- und Sorgepraktiken: Wie LSBT-Organisationen in Deutschland Safer Spaces für ihre Arbeit mit queeren Asylbewerber:innen und Geflüchteten adaptieren
Authors: Hiller Lotte J.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Since the “summer of migration” in 2015, LGBT organizations have been actively involved in migration work, particularly in creating safer spaces for queer asylum seekers and refugees. This involvement marks a shift as these organizations previously had limited engagement with queer people of color. German LGBT organizations focus on providing support, security, and community for queer asylum seekers and refugees, drawing upon the concept of safer spaces. While existing literature addresses LGBT organizations in development and the challenges faced by queer asylum seekers, there is limited research on the creation of safer spaces. Research suggests a predominant focus on spatial separation as a means of ensuring safety. This article aims to fill this research gap by exploring how German LGBT organizations are adapting and institutionalizing the concept of safer spaces. It investigates the role of spatial separation, control mechanisms, and potential essentialist and cultural biases in shaping safer spaces. The study contextualizes this within the framework of homonationalism in Germany, followed by a theoretical exploration of safer spaces and an empirical analysis of how LGBT organizations conceptualize them. Drawing on expert interviews with spokespersons of German LGBT organizations and an extensive analysis of their websites, my study shows the ways in which the LGBT organizations construct themselves as saviors of vulnerable queer asylum seekers and migrants, while constructing the non-queer asylum seekers and migrants as a threat through othering. Following the logics of these safer space concepts, spatial separation appears as the ultimate solution to offer safety to queer migrants and refugees. In contrast, I also observe alternative safer spaces offered by LGBT organizations, which, in addition to their purely protective function, also create spaces for caring practices and peer-to-peer empowerment through storytelling.
Using deep learning to integrate paleoclimate and global biogeochemistry over the Phanerozoic Eon
Authors: Zheng Dongyu , Merdith Andrew S. , Goddéris Yves , Donnadieu Yannick , Gurung Khushboo , Mills Benjamin J. W.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Databases of 3D paleoclimate model simulations are increasingly used within global biogeochemical models for the Phanerozoic Eon. This improves the accuracy of the surface processes within the biogeochemical models, but the approach is limited by the availability of large numbers of paleoclimate simulations at different pCO2 levels and for different continental configurations. In this paper we apply the Frame Interpolation for Large Motion (FILM) deep learning method to a set of Phanerozoic paleoclimate model simulations to upscale their time resolution from one model run every ∼25 million years to one model run every 1 million years (Myr). Testing the method on a 5 Myr time-resolution set of continental configurations and paleoclimates confirms the accuracy of our approach when reconstructing intermediate frames from configurations separated by up to 40 Myr. We then apply the method to upscale the paleoclimate data structure in the SCION climate-biogeochemical model. The interpolated surface temperature and runoff are reasonable and present a logical progression between the original key frames. When updated to use the high-time-resolution climate data structure, the SCION model predicts climate shifts that were not present in the original model outputs due to its previous use of widely spaced datasets and simple linear interpolation. We conclude that a time resolution of ∼10 Myr in Phanerozoic paleoclimate simulations is likely sufficient for investigating the long-term carbon cycle and that deep learning methods may be critical in attaining this time resolution at reasonable computational expense, as well as for developing new fully continuous methods in which 3D continental processes are able to translate over a moving continental surface in deep time. However, the efficacy of deep learning methods in interpolating runoff data, compared to that of paleogeography and temperature, is diminished by the heterogeneous distribution of runoff. Consequently, interpolated climates must be confirmed by running a paleoclimate model if scientific conclusions are to be based directly on them.
Dynamics and Impacts of Monsoon-Induced Geological Hazards: A 2022 Flood Study along the Swat River in Pakistan
Authors: Bazai Nazir Ahmed , Alam Mehtab , Cui Peng , Hao Wang , Khan Adil Poshad , Waseem Muhammad , Shunyu Yao , Ramzan Muhammad , Wanhong Li , Ahmed Tashfain
Published: July 2024

Abstract. In response to escalating global climate change and its increasing impacts worldwide, this study investigates the consequences of extreme weather events, focusing on the unprecedented 2022 monsoon season in the Swat River basin of Pakistan. Record-breaking rainfall, exceeding the 1960–2021 averages by 7–8 %, triggered catastrophic debris flows and floods, aggravating low-income communities' challenges. The resulting financial instability severely affected millions, causing extensive damage to homes, crops, and transportation. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining field investigations, remote sensing data interpretation, and numerical simulations to identify the factors contributing to debris flow incidents. Analysis of land cover changes reveals a decrease in grasslands and an increase in barren land, indicating the adverse effects of deforestation on the region. Topography and gully morphology are crucial in initiating debris flows, with steep gradients and shallow slope failures predominant. Numerical simulations show that debris flows reached high velocities of 18 m/s and depths of 40 m within 45 minutes. Two debris flows resulted in the formation of dams along the Swat River, intensifying subsequent floods. The study emphasizes the interplay of extreme rainfall and deforestation during the rainy season, rendering the region susceptible to debris flows and hindering restoration efforts. The findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive disaster mitigation strategies. Recommendations include climate change mitigation, reforestation initiatives, and discouraging construction activities in flood-prone and debris flow-prone regions. The study advocates for enhanced early warning systems and rigorous land use planning to protect the environment and local communities, highlighting the imperative of proactive measures in the face of escalating climate challenges. Additionally, the study investigates the spatial distribution of various events and their consequences, including potential hydro-meteorological triggers, and how such events initiate processes that change mountain landscapes. It also assesses the degree to which the 2022 monsoon can be classified as abnormal. The combination of empirical evidence and practical insights presented in this study highlights research gaps and proposes routes toward attaining a comprehensive comprehension of monsoon-triggered geological hazards and consequences.