bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black lives matter … in the cath lab, too! A proposal for the interventional cardiology community to counteract bias and racism
Authors: Uzendu Anezi I. , Boudoulas Konstantinos Dean , Capers Quinn
Published: May 2021

Structural racism in the United States underlies racial disparities in the criminal justice system, in the healthcare system generally, and with regards to the COVID‐19 pandemic. In the year 2020, these inequities combined and magnified to such a degree that it left Black Americans and physicians caring for them questioning how much Black lives matter. Academic medical centers and the major cardiology organizations responded to a global call to end racism with bold statements and initiatives. Interventional cardiologists utilize advanced equipment to mechanically treat a wide spectrum of heart problems, yet this technology has not been applied in an equitable manner. Interventional therapies are often underutilized in Blacks, exacerbating healthcare disparities and contributing to the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these communities. Racial bias, whether intentional, unconscious, systemic, or at the individual level, plays a role in these disparities. Many in the interventional cardiology community aspire to take intentional steps to reduce the impact of bias and racism in our specialty. We discuss several proposals here and provide a “report card” for interventional programs to perform a self‐assessment.
Recent Advances on Electrocatalysis Using Pristinely Conductive Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Guan Yiran , Lai Jianping , Xu Guobao
Published: May 2021

Exploiting advanced electrocatalysts for electrochemical reaction is of vital importance for the development of metal‐air batteries, fuel cells, water electrolyzers, and so on. Due to the unique textural and structural properties, conductive metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit many advantages in comparison with conventional catalysts. When conductive MOFs and COFs are directly used as catalysts, the atomically dispersed metal nodes can offer highly active sites. This minireview focuses on the recent progress of conductive MOFs and COFs as electrocatalysts towards electrochemical reactions, including oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). A variety of typical strategies, including synthetic designs, compositional, and structural modifications for activity improvement of the conductive MOFs and COFs materials in the electrochemical reaction are introduced. Based on the previous achievements, the current stage and the outlook for the future development of the field are summarized.
Mixed Dimensional Nanostructure (UiO‐66‐Decorated MWCNT) as a Nanofiller in Mixed‐Matrix Membranes for Enhanced CO2/CH4 Separation
Authors: Khan Abuzar , Elsharif Asma M. , Helal Aasif , Yamani Zain H. , Saeed Hakeem Abbas , Yusuf Khan Mohd
Published: May 2021

Mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) with combination of two distinct dimensional nanofillers (such as 1D‐3D, 2D‐3D, or 3D‐3D, etc.) have drawn special attention for gas separation applications due to their concerted effects on gas permeation and mechanical properties. An amine‐functionalized 1D multiwalled carbon nanotube (NH2‐MWCNT) with exceptional mechanical strength and rapid gas transport was crosslinked with an amine‐functionalized 3D metal‐organic framework (UiO‐66‐NH2) with high CO2 affinity in a Schiff base reaction. The resultant crosslinked mixed‐dimensional nanostructure was used as a nanofiller in a polysulfone (PSf) polymer matrix to explore the underlying synergy between 1D and 3D nanostructures on the gas separation performance of MMMs. Cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy and mapping revealed the homogenous dispersion of UiO‐66@MWCNT in the polymer matrix. The MMM containing 5.0 wt. % UiO‐66@MWCNT demonstrated a superior permeability 8.3 Barrer as compared to the 4.2 Barrer of pure PSf membrane for CO2. Moreover, the selectivity (CO2/CH4) of this MMM was enhanced to 39.5 from the 28.0 observed for pure PSf under similar conditions of pressure and temperature.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with a Nido‐C2B9 Carborane Backbone
Authors: Cui Zhongzheng , Wang Beining , Li Junxia , Pang Ronglin , Kang Yanrui , Xiao Xu‐Qiong
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusion

The steric and electronic properties of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) can be modified by the exocyclic substituents at the nitrogen atoms, by 1—3 atoms’ replacements of the five‐membered imidazolium skeleton and by the changes of the backbones. Herein, we report the usage of nido‐C2B9 carborane anions as the backbones of NHCs. Stirring the mixture of secondary amino o‐carboranes (1b—1e), triethyl orthoformate and HBF4∙Et2O results in the unexpected cage‐opening of o‐carboranes to afford the nido‐C2B9 carborane anions supported N‐heterocyclic carbene precursors (4b—4e). Deprotonation of 4b with sodium hexamethyldisilazide at −78 oC affords the N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, which was used to form an Au(I) NHC complex (5). DFT calculations revealed a high‐lying lone pair orbitals of the carbene ligands, predicting their strong σ‐donating abilities.
A Study on Optoelectronic Properties of Copper Zinc Tin Sulfur Selenide: A Promising Thin‐Film Material for Next Generation Solar Technology
Authors: Ali Nisar , Zubair M. , Khesro Amir , Ahmed Rashid , Uddin Sarir , Shahzad Naeem , Alrobei Hussein , Kalam Abul , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Ul Haq Bakhtiar
Published: May 2021

Studies on copper zinc tin sulpher selenide (CZTSSe) thin‐film material and its applications as a base material are intensively being researched since it is an earth‐abundant, inexpensive, flexible, and interesting material for next‐generation optoelectronic technologies. Apropos, this study explores and reports the synthesis of CZTSSe thin films and their key optoelectronics characteristics. The reported films are fabricated on a soda‐lime glass substrate by using a physical vapor deposition technique, and then annealed from 250 to 450 °C. From the X‐ray diffraction analysis, the structure of the as‐deposited thin films is found to be amorphous in nature. Annealed thin films of CZTSSe exhibit polycrystalline nature with an average crystallite size of 46.3 nm in tetragonal structure. To determine the bandgap energy, as well as optical properties, the visible spectrophotometer, and four‐probe techniques, are used. From the measurements, the bandgap energy of the annealed film is found to be 1.64 eV at 450 °C which is in the optimal range as an absorber layer for solar cell devices. Similarly, by employing the four‐probe technique, I–V characteristics for the as‐deposited thin films, the material shows non‐ohmic behavior whereas the annealed film demonstrates partially ohmic with a resistance of 670 ohms.
Bacterial colonization of a power‐driven water flosser during regular use. A proof‐of‐principle study
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Edlund Johansson Pia , Bruckmann Corinna , Leonhard Matthias , Davies Julia R. , Stavropoulos Andreas
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The present proof‐of‐principle study assessed whether daily use of a power‐driven water flosser (Sonicare AirFloss; SAF) leads to bacterial colonization in the nozzle and/or the device, resulting in contaminated water‐jet.

Material and Methods

In five participants, saliva samples at baseline and water‐jet samples of devices used daily with bottled water for 3 weeks (test) were collected. Additionally, water‐jet samples from devices used daily with bottled water extra‐orally for 3 weeks (positive control) and from brand new devices (negative control), as well as samples from newly opened and 1‐ and 3‐week opened water bottles were collected. Colony forming units (CFU) were recorded after 48 h culturing and 20 oral pathogens were assessed by polymerase chain reaction‐based analysis.

Results

Distinct inter‐individual differences regarding the number of detected bacteria were observed; water‐jet samples of test devices included both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species, with some similarities to the saliva sample of the user. Water‐jet samples from positive control devices showed limited number of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species, while the samples from negative control devices did not show any bacterial species. Very few aerobic bacteria were detected only in the 3‐week‐old bottled water samples, while samples of newly and 1‐week opened water bottles did not show any bacterial growth.

Conclusions

The present proof‐of‐principle study showed that daily use of a power‐driven water flosser for 3 weeks resulted in bacterial colonization in the nozzle and/or device with both aerobic and anaerobic, not only oral, species, that are transmitted via the water‐jet.
Regulating the Aggregation of Unfused Non‐Fullerene Acceptors via Molecular Engineering towards Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Fu Huiting , Wu Ziang , Wu Xin , Wang Mei , Qin Hongmei , Lin Francis , Woo Han Young , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: May 2021

Tuning molecular aggregation via structure design to manipulate the film morphology still remains as a challenge for polymer solar cells based on unfused non‐fullerene acceptors (UF‐NFAs). Herein, a strategy was developed to modulate the aggregation patterns of UF‐NFAs by systematically varying the π‐bridge (D) unit and central core (A’) unit in A−D‐A’−D−A framework (A and D refer to electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating moieties, respectively). Specifically, the quantified contents of H‐ or J‐aggregation and crystallite disorder of three UF‐NFAs (BDIC2F, BCIC2F, and TCIC2F) were analyzed via UV/Vis spectrometry and grazing incidence X‐ray scattering. The results showed that the H‐aggregate‐dominated BCIC2F with less crystallite disorder exhibited a more favorable blend morphology with polymer donor PBDB‐T (poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene)‐co‐(1,3‐di(5‐thiophene‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c']dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)]) relative the other two UF‐NFAs, resulting in improved exciton dissociation and charge tranport. Consequently, photovoltaic devices based on BCIC2F delivered a promising power conversion efficiency of 12.4 % with an exceptionally high short‐circuit current density of 22.1 mA cm−2.
Synthetic Lubricants Derived from Plastic Waste and their Tribological Performance
Authors: Hackler Ryan A. , Vyavhare Kimaya , Kennedy Robert M. , Celik Gokhan , Kanbur Uddhav , Griffin Philip J. , Sadow Aaron D. , Zang Guiyan , Elgowainy Amgad , Sun Pingping , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. , Erdemir Ali , Delferro Massimiliano
Published: May 2021

The energy efficiency, mechanical durability, and environmental compatibility of all moving machine components rely heavily on advanced lubricants for smooth and safe operation. Herein an alternative family of high‐quality liquid (HQL) lubricants was derived by the catalytic conversion of pre‐ and post‐consumer polyolefin waste. The plastic‐derived lubricants performed comparably to synthetic base oils such as polyalphaolefins (PAOs), both with a wear scar volume (WSV) of 7.5×10−5 mm−3. HQLs also performed superior to petroleum‐based lubricants such as Group III mineral oil with a WSV of 1.7×10−4 mm−3, showcasing a 44 % reduction in wear. Furthermore, a synergistic reduction in friction and wear was observed when combining the upcycled plastic lubricant with synthetic oils. Life cycle and techno‐economic analyses also showed this process to be energetically efficient and economically feasible. This novel technology offers a cost‐effective opportunity to reduce the harmful environmental impact of plastic waste on our planet and to save energy through reduction of friction and wear‐related degradations in transportation applications akin to synthetic oils.
Validating the use of stereo‐video cameras to conduct remote measurements of sea turtles
Authors: Siegfried Tabitha R. , Fuentes Mariana M. P. B. , Ware Matthew , Robinson Nathan J. , Roberto Emma , Piacenza Joseph R. , Piacenza Susan E.
Published: May 2021

Point 1: Stereo‐video camera systems (SVCSs) are a promising tool to remotely measure body size of wild animals without the need for animal handling. Here, we assessed the accuracy of SVCSs for measuring straight carapace length (SCL) of sea turtles.

Point 2: To achieve this, we hand captured and measured 63 juvenile, subadult, and adult sea turtles across three species: greens,Chelonia mydas(n = 52); loggerheads,Caretta caretta(n = 8); and Kemp's ridley,Lepidochelys kempii(n = 3) in the waters off Eleuthera, The Bahamas and Crystal River, Florida, USA, between May and November 2019. Upon release, we filmed these individuals with the SVCS. We performed photogrammetric analysis to extract stereo SCL measurements (eSCL), which were then compared to the (manual) capture measurements (mSCL).

Point 3: mSCL ranged from 25.9 to 89.2 cm, while eSCL ranged from 24.7 to 91.4 cm. Mean percent bias of eSCL ranged from −0.61% (±0.11SE) to −4.46% (±0.31SE) across all species and locations. We statistically analyzed potential drivers of measurement error, including distance of the turtle to the SVCS, turtle angle, image quality, turtle size, capture location, and species.

Point 4: Using a linear mixed effects model, we found that the distance between the turtle and the SVCS was the primary factor influencing measurement error. Our research suggests that stereo‐video technology enables high‐quality measurements of sea turtle body size collected in situ without the need for hand‐capturing individuals. This study contributes to the growing knowledge base that SVCS are accurate for body size measurements independent of taxonomic clade.
Dual‐Modified Hollow Spherical Shell MoS2@TiO2/TiN Composites for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wu Chao , Liu Kangli , Li Yukun , Wang Li , Guo Shuaiwei , Sun Yiran , Zhang Fuxiang , Shao Guosheng , Zhang Peng
Published: May 2021

Coupling suitable cocatalysts is an effective strategy to improve the performance of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Herein, we constructed a dual‐cocatalyst‐modified TiO2‐based photocatalyst with a hollow‐spherical‐shell structure. Both the MoS2 nanosheets and the TiN particles are in intimate contact with the TiO2, resulting in multiple interfaces and junctions. According to experimental results and the band structure, the photogenerated electrons transfer from TiO2 to MoS2 or TiN through the multiple interfaces. The MoS2 and TiN together enhance the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. The hydrogen evolution rate of MoS2@TiO2/TiN (MTT) reaches 128.77 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 4.18 times higher than that of pristine TiO2 (30.81 μmol g−1 h−1). The performance improvement of composites is attributed to more catalytically active sites, stronger light absorption, and better electron–hole separation effects. This work aims to provide a strategy for the rational design of catalysts for further development in both mechanism understanding and practical application.
Olaparib Inhibits Tumor Growth of Hepatoblastoma in Patient‐Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Johnston Michael Edward , Rivas Maria Prates , Nicolle Delphine , Gorse Aurore , Gulati Ruhi , Kumbaji Meenasri , Weirauch Matthew T. , Bondoc Alexander , Cairo Stefano , Geller James , Tiao Gregory , Timchenko Nikolai
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims

Hepatoblastoma (HBL) is a devastating pediatric liver cancer with multiple treatment options, but it ultimately requires surgery for a cure. The most malicious form of HBL is a chemo‐resistant aggressive tumor that is characterized by rapid growth, metastases, and poor response to treatment. Very little is known of the mechanisms of aggressive HBL, and recent focuses have been on developing alternative treatment strategies. In this study, we examined the role of human chromosomal regions, called aggressive liver cancer domains (ALCDs), in liver cancer and evaluated the mechanisms that activate ALCDs in aggressive HBL.

Results

We found that ALCDs are critical regions of the human genome that are located on all human chromosomes, preferentially in intronic regions of the oncogenes and other cancer‐associated genes. In aggressive HBL and in patients with Hepatocellular (HCC), JNK1/2 phosphorylates p53 at Ser6, which leads to the ph‐S6‐p53 interacting with and delivering the poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)/Ku70 complexes on the oncogenes containing ALCDs. The ph‐S6‐p53‐PARP1 complexes open chromatin around ALCDs and activate multiple oncogenic pathways. We found that the inhibition of PARP1 in patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) from aggressive HBL by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved inhibitor olaparib (Ola) significantly inhibits tumor growth. Additionally, this is associated with the reduction of the ph‐S6‐p53/PARP1 complexes and subsequent inhibition of ALCD‐dependent oncogenes. Studies in cultured cancer cells confirmed that the Ola‐mediated inhibition of the ph‐S6‐p53‐PARP1‐ALCD axis inhibits proliferation of cancer cells.

Conclusions

In this study, we showed that aggressive HBL is moderated by ALCDs, which are activated by the ph‐S6‐p53/PARP1 pathway. By using the PARP1 inhibitor Ola, we suppressed tumor growth in HBL‐PDX models, which demonstrated its utility in future clinical models.
Clinical Study of Single‐Stranded Oligonucleotide RO7062931 in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Gane Edward , Yuen Man‐Fung , Kim Dong Joon , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Surujbally Bernadette , Pavlovic Vedran , Das Sudip , Triyatni Miriam , Kazma Remi , Grippo Joseph F. , Buatois Simon , Lemenuel‐Diot Annabelle , Krippendorff Ben‐Fillippo , Mueller Henrik , Zhang Yuchen , Kim Hyung Joon , Leerapun Apinya , Lim Tien Huey , Lim Young‐Suk , Tanwandee Tawesak , Kim Won , Cheng Wendy , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Wat Cynthia
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims

RO7062931 is an N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)‐conjugated single‐stranded locked nucleic acid oligonucleotide complementary to HBV RNA. GalNAc conjugation targets the liver through the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). This two‐part phase 1 study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of RO7062931 in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who were virologically suppressed.

Approach and Results

Part 1 was a single ascending dose study in healthy volunteers randomized to receive a single RO7062931 dose (0.1‐4.0 mg/kg), or placebo. Part 2 was a multiple ascending dose study in patients with CHB randomized to receive RO7062931 at 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg or placebo every month for a total of 2 doses (Part 2a) or RO7062931 at 3.0 mg/kg every 2 weeks, 3.0 mg/kg every week (QW), or 4.0 mg/kg QW or placebo for a total of 3‐5 doses (Part 2b). Sixty healthy volunteers and 59 patients received RO7062931 or placebo. The majority of adverse events (AEs) reported were mild in intensity. Common AEs included self‐limiting injection site reactions and influenza‐like illness. Supradose‐proportional increases in RO7062931 plasma exposure and urinary excretion occurred at doses ≥3.0 mg/kg. In patients with CHB, RO7062931 resulted in dose‐dependent and time‐dependent reduction in HBsAg versus placebo. The greatest HBsAg declines from baseline were achieved with the 3.0 mg/kg QW dose regimen (mean nadir ~0.5 log10 IU/mL) independent of HBeAg status.

Conclusions

RO7062931 is safe and well tolerated at doses up to 4.0 mg/kg QW. Supradose‐proportional exposure at doses of 3.0‐4.0 mg/kg was indicative of partial saturation of the ASGPR‐mediated liver uptake system. Dose‐dependent declines in HBsAg demonstrated target engagement with RO7062931.
Factors affecting the quality of diagnosis coding data with a triangulation view: A qualitative study
Authors: Hosseini Nafiseh , Kimiafar Khalil , Mostafavi Sayyed Mostafa , Kiani Behzad , Zendehdel Kazem , Zareiyan Armin , Eslami Saeid
Published: May 2021

Objective

The most important challenge in utilizing medical record codes is the quality of coding data. The present study aims to investigate factors affecting the quality of diagnosis coding from different aspects covering different stakeholders in a multi‐dimensional approach.

Methods

First, we used Conventional Content Analysis to maximally gather all effective factors. As such, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with medical record coders (N = 32) at the referral hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. Second, 86 hospital staff members from 25 provinces were surveyed using a web‐based questionnaire. Finally, a focus group discussion was conducted among coders (N = 18) in different hospitals across the country.

Results

In general, the barriers to quality of inpatient record coding can be classified into three categories: (I) physician‐related, (II) coder‐related, and (III) managerial, financial and administrative factors.

Conclusion

A triangulation view (related to coders, physicians as well as managerial, financial and administrative dimensions) could be used to identify the barriers affecting the quality of diagnosis coding data. The results of this study may help policymakers in development and implementation of appropriate strategies and effective interventions to improve the quality of clinical coding.
Bioactive and biopassive treatment of poly(ethylene terephthalate) multifilament textile yarns to improve/prevent fibroblast viability
Authors: Santos Morais Diana , Azenha Rodrigues Miguel , Lopes Cláudia , Vaz Filipe , Grenho Liliana , Helena Fernandes Maria , Miranda Guedes Rui , Ascensão Lopes Maria
Published: May 2021

To modulate the physicochemical features of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) multifilaments surface composing a complex textile structure (core and shell system), intended to improve upon current implants for high extension injuries of the Achilles tendon or even for its total replacement, two surface treatments with different purposes (bioactive and biopassive) were studied. The first treatment is based on amino groups grafting using ethylenediamine molecules to be applied in the structure core to improve cell adhesion and proliferation. The other treatment relates to a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating to be applied in the structure shell to decrease its coefficient of friction and avoid adhesions. Both treatments were optimized to reach their purposed goals without harming the tensile properties of PET yarns, which were evaluated by static tensile tests. The resazurin assay and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the purposed goals related to fibroblast adhesion were achieved for both treatments and in the case of PTFE coating, the abrasion resistance was also improved according to the yarn‐on‐yarn abrasion tests.
Cholesterol metabolism is a potential therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Amor Fatima , Vu Hong Ai , Corre Guillaume , Sanson Mathilde , Suel Laurence , Blaie Stephanie , Servais Laurent , Voit Thomas , Richard Isabelle , Israeli David
Published: May 2021

Background

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disease detected in approximately 1:5000 male births. DMD is caused by mutations in the DMD gene, encoding a critical protein that links the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The primary consequence of the disrupted link between the extracellular matrix and the myofibre actin cytoskeleton is thought to involve sarcolemma destabilization, perturbation of Ca2+ homeostasis, activation of proteases, mitochondrial damage, and tissue degeneration. A recently emphasized secondary aspect of the dystrophic process is a progressive metabolic change of the dystrophic tissue; however, the mechanism and nature of the metabolic dysregulation are yet poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a molecular mechanism of metabolic perturbation in DMD.

Methods

We sequenced plasma miRNA in a DMD cohort, comprising 54 DMD patients treated or not by glucocorticoid, compared with 27 healthy controls, in three groups of the ages of 4–8, 8–12, and 12–20 years. We developed an original approach for the biological interpretation of miRNA dysregulation and produced a novel hypothesis concerning metabolic perturbation in DMD. We used the mdx mouse model for DMD for the investigation of this hypothesis.

Results

We identified 96 dysregulated miRNAs (adjusted P‐value <0.1), of which 74 were up‐regulated and 22 were down‐regulated in DMD. We confirmed the dysregulation in DMD of Dystro‐miRs, Cardio‐miRs, and a large number of the DLK1‐DIO3 miRNAs. We also identified numerous dysregulated miRNAs yet unreported in DMD. Bioinformatics analysis of both target and host genes for dysregulated miRNAs predicted that lipid metabolism might be a critical metabolic perturbation in DMD. Investigation of skeletal muscles of the mdx mouse uncovered dysregulation of transcription factors of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism (SREBP‐1 and SREBP‐2), perturbation of the mevalonate pathway, and the accumulation of cholesterol in the dystrophic muscles. Elevated cholesterol level was also found in muscle biopsies of DMD patients. Treatment of mdx mice with Simvastatin, a cholesterol‐reducing agent, normalized these perturbations and partially restored the dystrophic parameters.

Conclusions

This investigation supports that cholesterol metabolism and the mevalonate pathway are potential therapeutic targets in DMD.
Advanced morphological analysis of siloxane‐hydrogel contact lenses
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this work is to provide a better understanding of three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface texture of siloxane‐hydrogel contact lenses (CLs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and stereometric analysis. The 3‐D surface texture characterization of unworn/worn siloxane‐hydrogel CLs made of Filcon V (I FDA group) was performed with stereometric analysis. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of surface roughness and micromorphology of CLs were made using a Nanoscope V MultiMode (Bruker) in intermittent‐contact mode, in air, on square areas of 5 × 5 μm. Stereometric study of 3‐D surface texture was made according with ISO 25178‐2:2012 for CLrins (taken from the blister and rinsed with deionized water); CLss (preserved for 12 hr in saline solution and rinsed with deionized water); CLworn‐smooth (worn for 8 hr and presenting the smooth type morphology), and CLworn‐sharp (worn for 8 hr and presenting the sharp‐type morphology). The 3‐D surface texture of siloxane‐hydrogel CLs was found to have specific morphological characteristics. Statistical parameters revealed local geometrical and morphological spatial structures at nanometer scale attributed to the specific interactions at the CLs surface. Before wear, the surface micromorphology of Filcon V CLs is regular with uniformly distributed microasperities and relatively small heights (Sq = 0.6 nm). After 12 hr in saline, it is found that the micromorphology changes relatively easily, but retaining the main morphological characteristics (Sq = 1.2 nm). After 8 hr of wear, there are two typical micromorphologies: smooth type, characterized by gutter structures and isolated microasperities (Sq = 2.5 nm), while the sharp type has an appearance with compactly arranged microasperities of hill type flanked by compactly arranged microregions of valley type (Sq = 2.2 nm). Surface statistical parameters allow manufacturers in developing the next generation of CLs with improved surface texture while improving biocompatibility and minimizing the impact of the material on corneal physiology. Furthermore, the micro‐elastohydrodynamic lubrication due to surface texture at a nanometer scale between the back surface of the CL with the corneal surface and the front surface of the CL with the under‐surface of the eyelid can be deeper and more nuanced to understand in light of modern tribological theories.
Fibroscan® probe selection for lean adults
Authors: Stadlbauer Vanessa , Negrean Iohanes , Posch Andreas , Streit Andrea , Feldbacher Nicole , Stauber Rudolf E , Horvath Angela
Published: May 2021

Background and Aim

Fibroscan® is used to assess fibrosis and steatosis of the liver noninvasively. The company suggests to use the S+‐probe in people <18 years with a thoracic circumference (TC) between 45 and 75 cm and the M+‐probe in children with a TC >75 cm and adults with a skin–liver capsule distance <2.5 cm. For lean adults with a TC ≤75 cm, no comparative studies have been performed. Furthermore, it is unclear whether lean adults need to be fasted before assessment.

Methods

We compared liver stiffness (LS) using Fibroscan® S+‐ and M+‐probes and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP; only available for M+‐probe) in healthy volunteers with a TC ≤75 cm compared with those with a TC >75 cm in fasting state and after intake of a standardized light meal (300 kcal).

Results

We examined 50 volunteers (26 female, 24 ± 3 years). Twenty‐two participants were in the TC ≤75 cm group and 28 in TC >75 cm group. LS values with the S+‐probe were 15% higher than with the M+‐probe in both groups (median difference 0.6 kPa, P < 0.001). Both probes showed good agreement with minimal bias (Spearman correlation r = 0.754, P < 0.001; Interclass Correlation Coefficient 0.843, P < 0.001; Bland–Altman bias 0.6 ± 0.9 kPa, linear regression r2 = 0.557, P < 0.001). Intake of a light meal had no relevant influence on LS (S+‐ and M+‐probes) or CAP measurements (M+‐probe) in both groups.

Conclusion

Lean adults with a TC below 75 cm can be assessed with either the S+‐probe or the M+‐probe and may take a light meal before assessment.
Real‐world experience: Introduction of T cell replete haploidentical transplantations in a single center
Authors: van Gorkom Gwendolyn , Billen Evy , Van Elssen Catharina , van Gelder Michel , Bos Gerard
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe real‐world data on outcomes of T cell replete haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after the introduction of this modality in a single center and to compare them with different donor types.

Method

Outcomes of 30 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies that received T cell replete haploidentical HSCT with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCY) from 2016 to 2018 in our center were analyzed and compared to the outcome of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐related and unrelated matched donor HSCT (n = 97) and to a historical cohort of T cell depleted haploidentical HSCT (n = 11).

Results

One year graft‐versus‐host‐free, relapse‐free survival in haploidentical HSCT was comparable with other donor types (haplo 40%, matched related donor [MRD] 33%, matched unrelated donor [MUD] 25%, p = 0.55). Non relapse mortality was high in haploidentical HSCT (50%), mostly due to infectious complications. However, relapse rates were only 3%, and OS and progression‐free survival after 1 year were 47% and thereby also similar to HLA‐matched HSCT in our center (MRD 53%, MUD 48%).

Conclusion

Our data show that T cell replete haploidentical HSCT has similar outcomes to HLA identical HSCT after introduction in our center. More strict adaptation on infection prevention was a crucial aspect of our learning curve. Overall, this type of transplantation is a feasible option when lacking an HLA‐identical donor. This option has advantages over an unrelated donor as it brings less logistical challenges than MUD transplantations.
Weight changes after antiretroviral therapy initiation in CoRIS (Spain): a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Martínez‐Sanz Javier , Blanco José‐Ramón , Muriel Alfonso , Pérez‐Elías María Jesús , Rubio‐Martín Rafael , Berenguer Juan , Peraire Joaquim , Bernal Enrique , Martínez Onofre Juan , Serrano‐Villar Sergio , Moreno Santiago ,   CoRIS
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Weight gain after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major problem that can increase morbidity. Our main objective was to evaluate the effects of initial ART on weight change in a large prospective cohort of HIV‐positive individuals.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study of 13,198 subjects included in the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) between January 2004 and November 2018. We included subjects who started triple ART and achieved HIV RNA suppression within 48 weeks. We fitted linear mixed models adjusted for potential confounders to compare longitudinal changes in weight. We used Cox proportional‐hazard models to compare treatment groups’ times to transition to a higher body mass index (BMI) category.

Results

We analysed data from a total of 1631 individuals resulting in 14,965 persons/years and 14,085 observations. Individuals retained in the final multivariable model were representative of the overall cohort. NNRTI‐based first‐line ART was associated with a lower average weight gain compared to PI‐ (+0.7 kg per year, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0, p < 0.001) and INSTI‐based (+0.9 kg per year, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.1, p < 0.001) regimens. Individuals starting ART with TAF+FTC had greater weight gain than those receiving TDF+FTC (+0.8 kg per year, 95% CI 0.3 to 1.4, p = 0.004). Women and black persons presented a greater weight gain than men and non‐black individuals. Differences in weight trajectories were driven mainly by changes during the first year of ART. The NNRTI group was less likely to transition from normal weight to overweight than the PI (aHR 1.48, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.85) and INSTI groups (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.64). PIs but not INSTIs were associated with a higher rate of overweight‐to‐obesity shift (aHR 2.17, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.72). No differences were found among INSTIs in the transition to a higher BMI category.

Conclusions

INSTI‐ and PI‐based first‐line ARTs are associated with greater weight gain compared to NNRTI‐based ART. Within the NRTIs, TAF+FTC was most strongly associated with weight gain. This heterogeneous effect of ART on body weight could affect the long‐term risk of some non‐communicable diseases.
Accuracy of isolated nutrition indicators in diagnosing malnutrition and their prognostic value to predict death in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer: A prospective study
Authors: de Sousa Iasmin Matias , Silva Flávia Moraes , de Carvalho Ana Lucia Miranda , da Rocha Ilanna Marques Gomes , Fayh Ana Paula Trussardi
Published: May 2021

Background

The study aims to evaluate the accuracy of isolated nutrition indicators in diagnosing malnutrition in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer and their association with mortality.

Methods

Prospective cohort study involving patients with cancer (n = 178) attending a reference center of oncology at any point in the disease trajectory or treatment. Nutrition status was evaluated in a unique moment by body mass index (BMI), Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA), handgrip strength (HGS), and calf circumference (CC). Kappa coefficient, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for each nutrition indicator (PG‐SGA as the reference method). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess hazard ratio (HR) and CI of mortality.

Results

From the total patients, 11% were underweight, 48% were malnourished (PG‐SGA B or C), 43% had low HGS, and 55% presented low CC. There were 46 deaths (25.8%). BMI, HGS, and CC showed poor and fair agreements (κ < 0.30 for all ) and poor accuracy (AUC < 0.70 for all) in identifying malnutrition by PG‐SGA. After the adjustment for confounders (age, treatment performed, site, and stage of cancer), PG‐SGA (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5–5.9) and low CC (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.2) were independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusion

The nutrition indicators are not accurate in diagnosing malnutrition, whereas PG‐SGA and low CC could predict mortality in gastric and colorectal cancer patients. Thus, CC should be combined with PG‐SGA in nutrition assessments.
Geoarchaeological evidence on a Late Bronze Age earthquake, Ohrid Basin (North Macedonia)
Authors: Hošek J. , Verčík M. , Pokorný P. , Beneš J. , Komárková V. , Radoměřský T. , Atanasoska N. , Todoroska V. , Ardjanliev P.
Published: May 2021

Geoarchaeological investigations on the northeastern shore of Lake Ohrid revealed 3.5 m thick deepwater lacustrine sediments overlying terrestrial vegetation macrofossils, worked wood and abundant potsherds dated to the Late Bronze Age (LBA). Distinct contact of deepwater sediment with the sub‐aerial weathered limestone bedrock point to a sudden increase in lake level. According to radiocarbon data, catastrophic flooding occurred shortly after 1214 yr bc. Because the area is located in a highly active seismic zone, we propose that this event was caused by tectonically induced, metre‐scale coseismic subsidence related to faults bordering the Ohrid alluvial plain. Moreover, this event coincides well with a dramatic switch in the habitation and settlement strategy in the region. More important, however, is the finding that the age of the proposed massive tectonic event and change in habitation lies within the interval of the proposed ‘earthquake storm’ in the eastern Mediterranean dated to 1225–1175 bc. As the Ohrid‐Korça zone belongs to the same tectonic province, a relationship between the abovementioned earthquakes and the proposed event can be expected. This research therefore might provide the first direct evidence of a large‐scale earthquake event linkable to the LBA collapse of Europe's first urban civilisation in the Aegean.
Performance of five typical warm‐season turfgrasses and their influence on soil bacterial community under a simulated tropical coral island environment
Authors: Zong Junqin , Li Ling , Yao Xiang , Chen Jingbo , Wang Haoran , Zhao Xinyong , Liu Jianxiu
Published: May 2021

Vegetation is a key to improving and protecting a new tropical coral island terrestrial ecosystem. Because of their superior ability in adapting poor soil structure and fertility, conserving soil and water and improving the living environment, warm‐season turfgrass are considered as important pioneer plants and frequently applied in vegetation construction on tropical coral islands. However, few studies had evaluated the growth of these turfgrass and how these turfgrass influence the soil microbial communities on tropical coral islands. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment and assessed the performance, soil properties and rhizosphere bacterial communities of five typical warm‐season turfgrasses species (i.e.,Paspalum vaginatium,Paspalum notatum,Cynodon dactylon,Zoysia tenuifolia, andStenotaphrum helferi) grown on tropical coral sand. Results showed thatC. dactylonwas superior in the adaptability and turf performance among the studied species, with a turf establishment time of 34 days and a turf quality score of 6.83. Richness of bacterial species and nitrifying bacteria in its rhizosphere soil planted withC. dactylonwere also much higher than with other species. The speed of turf establishment was positively correlated with rhizosphere soil bacterial species richness. Our findings indicated thatC. dactyloncould be a potentially suitable candidate species for vegetation restoration and soil bacterial community conservation on tropical coral islands.
The plasma phospholipidome of Tursiops truncatus: From physiological insight to the design of prospective tools for managed cetacean monitorization
Authors: Monteiro João P. , Maciel Elisabete , Melo Tânia , Flanagan Carla , Urbani Nuno , Neves João , Domingues Maria Rosário
Published: May 2021

Plasma biochemical analysis remains one of the established ways of monitoring captive marine mammal health. More recently, complementary plasma lipidomic analysis has proven to be a valid tool in disease diagnosis and prevention, with the potential to validate and complement common biochemical analysis, providing a more integrative approach. In this study, we thoroughly characterized the plasma polar lipid content of Tursiops truncatus, the most common cetacean species held under human care. Our results showed that phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelins (CerPCho) are the most represented phospholipid classes in T. truncatus plasma. Palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids are the major fatty acid (FA) present esterified to the plasma polar lipids of this species, although some n‐3 species are also remarkably present, namely eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The polar lipidome identified by HILIC LC–MS allowed identifying 304 different lipid species. These species belong to the phosphatidylcholine (103 lipid species), lysophosphatidylcholine (35), phosphatidylethanolamine (71), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (20), phosphatidylglycerol (13), lysophosphatidylglycerol (5), phosphatidylinositol (15), lysophosphatidylinositol (3), phosphatidylserine (6) lysophosphatidylserine (1), and sphimgomyelin (32) classes. This was the first time that the dolphin plasma phospholipid profile was characterized, providing a knowledge that will be important to further understand lipid metabolism and physiological regulation in small cetaceans. Furthermore, this study proved the practicability of the use of plasma lipid profiling for health assessment in marine mammals under human care.
Pathological Changes in Axillary Hyperhidrosis and Axillary Osmidrosis Induced by Microwave Treatment: Comparison of Single‐ and Double‐Pass Irradiation
Authors: Hatano Tomoka , Fukasawa Nei , Miyano Chigusa , Wiederkehr Iris , Miyawaki Takeshi
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives

To analyze histopathological changes and degree of damage to the axillary tissue due to single‐ and double‐pass irradiation therapy using a microwave energy‐based device.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

We included 15 axillary hyperhidrosis and axillary osmidrosis patients who received microwave irradiation therapy between March 2017 and March 2019. Ten patients underwent single‐pass irradiation and five underwent double‐pass irradiation, after which skin samples were collected from the right and left axillae for pathological analysis. Samples were taken in a consistent manner from Patient 6 onwards and a comparative study of five single‐pass and five double‐pass patients was conducted (n = 10).

Results

Histopathological analysis showed destruction and fibrosis in addition to necrosis and damage to the adipose tissue in apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. In the superficial microvasculature, blood vessel wall damage and thrombus formation were observed as well as damage in the hair follicles and hair bulbs. No obvious damage was observed in the epidermis and nerves. The amount of damage to sweat glands was higher in patients undergoing double‐pass instead of single‐pass irradiation.

Conclusion

From a histopathological point of view, microwave energy‐based irradiation therapy can be considered efficient, as there was no damage to epidermis and nerves and favorable destruction of apocrine and eccrine glands. As the amount of damaged sweat glands was higher after double‐pass irradiation, it can be considered more effective than single‐pass irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to new psychoactive substance analysis
Authors: Boronat Ena Maria del Mar , Cowan David A. , Abbate Vincenzo
Published: May 2021

In the past decade a plethora of drugs with similar effects to controlled psychoactive drugs, like cannabis, amfetamine (amphetamine), or lysergic acid diethylamide, have been synthesized. These drugs can collectively be classified under the term new psychoactive substances (NPS) and are used for recreational purposes. The novelty of the substances, alongside the rapid rate of emergence and structural variability, makes their detection as well as their legal control highly challenging, increasing the demand for rapid and easy‐to‐use analytical techniques for their detection and identification. Therefore, interest in ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to NPS has grown in recent years, which is largely because it is relatively fast and simple to use and has a low operating cost. This review aims to provide a critique of the suitability of current ambient ionization techniques for the analysis of NPS in the forensic and clinical toxicology fields. Consideration is given to analytical performance and ease of implementation, including ionization efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, quantification, analyte chemistry, molecular coverage, validation, and practicality.
Similarity solutions for two‐phase fluids models
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos
Published: May 2021

The algebraic properties of drift–flux two‐phase fluids models without gravitational and wall friction forces are studied. More precisely, for the two fluids we consider an equation of state of polytropic gases. We perform a classification scheme of the unknown parameters of the model to determine all the possible admitted Lie symmetries. We find that in the most general case the dynamical system of hyperbolic equations is invariant under the action of a four‐dimensional Lie algebra, while the larger number of admitted Lie symmetries is 6. For each admitted Lie algebra the one‐dimensional optimal system is derived which is applied for the determination of all the unique similarity transformations which lead to similarity solutions. Our results are compared with that of previous studies from where we see that most of the solutions presented in this study have not been found before in the literature.
A microstrip bandpass filter with tunable bandwidth and center frequency
Authors: Chen Anrong , Yang Tao
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a bandwidth and center frequency tunable bandpass filter with wide tuning range. The proposed filter employs two cascade cross‐shaped resonators. The cross‐shaped resonator can generate two independent tunable transmission zeros by introducing two microwave varactors. The center frequency and bandwidth can be tuned by adjusting the DC bias voltages applied to the varactors. For demonstration, a filter example was designed, fabricated and measured. The tuning 3‐dB bandwidth from 20% to 30% is achieved when the center frequency is tuned from 3.5 to 5 GHz. Meanwhile the insertion loss is less than 4 dB with a high selectivity. The size of the filter is 0.32λg × 0.36λg where λg is the guided‐wavelength at the center frequency.