bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary phenolics and antioxidant capacity of selected legumes seeds from the central balkans
Authors: Malenčić Đ. , Kiprovski B. , Bursić V. , Vuković G. , Ćupina B. , Mikić A.
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to select Vicia genotypes with higher polyphenol contents and increased antioxidant activity, and to compare them with soybean, the most widespread and utilized legume species grown in the region. The examined legumes showed similar contents of total polyphenolics and tannins in between specimen, but differed greatly in their flavonoids and proanthocynidins levels. The content of total polyphenols ranged from 1.6 to 6.09 catechin/g dry seeds, and tannins from 0.26 to 2.98 mg of catechin/g dry seeds. The flavonoids levels in Vicia species were much higher compared with soybean, while the content of proanthocyanidins ranged from 1.5 (in soybean) to 62.3 mg of leucoanthocyanidin/g dry seeds (in vetches). The gallic and trans-cinnamic acids were identified as major monomeric phenolic compounds, and quercetin among flavonoids was found in all specimens. Catechin was detected in faba bean and vetches but not in the soybean. The values of the DPPH-test varied in a range between 21.1 and 89.6% of neutralized radicals, which correlated with the total polyphenolics and tannin contents. The faba bean specimens showed favourable traits – high total polyphenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents, low total tannin content, and high DPPH-radical scavenging ability.
Preparation and shelf life study of probiotic chocolate manufactured using Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463
Authors: Gadhiya D. , Shah N.P. , Patel A.R. , Prajapati J.B.
Published: October 2018

Current study was taken up to develop probiotic chocolate using indigenous probiotic culture L. helveticus MTCC 5463. Preliminary trials included optimization of culture inoculums and physical form (freeze-dried or frozen concentrated) of addition and finally optimized product was tested for probiotic viability, texture, and organoleptic parameters at regular intervals during storage at 10±2 °C for 30 days. Probiotic chocolates prepared via incorporation of freeze dried culture (3% w/w) had acceptable organoleptic quality and had a similar behaviour as the control chocolate during storage. However, the viability of probiotic bacteria (2.42×108 CFU g–1) was achieved only up to 15 days of storage at 10±2 °C.
A new model of thermodynamics. Extension of chemical thermodynamics to complex materials of cellular structure
Authors: Mohos F.Á.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a structural model of complex materials that are partly or entirely of cellular structure, and a new model of thermodynamics, which can be applied to the processes taking place in complex materials. Since the complex materials always contain cellular fraction, the supposition of cellular equilibrium is real. The complex materials are characterized by polyagent behaviour. Therefore, new concepts such as principal variables, redundancy, macroscopic/microscopic uncertainty are defined, moreover, the application of chemical thermodynamics is limited to micro processes only, and the free energy (F) and the free enthalpy (G) function cannot be generally applied to calculations concerning the bulk amount. Temperature as only a local intensive variable can be discussed. The first law of thermodynamics is expressed in the traditional way. The second law applied to the processes taking place both in open and in adiabatically closed systems is formulated as in words as an equation of stability, completed by the relations to first and second differential of entropy. In connection with the second law the Damköhler balance equation system, the Rabinowitsch–Mooney equation, and the application of dimensional analysis are presented. Only the apparent thermal capacities can be used for complex materials in general. The data of specific thermal capacity of complex materials in the proximity of absolute zero temperature are not sufficient for drawing conclusions on their entropy. The concept ‘shelf-life’ is essential in food science and practice, a Monte-Carlo method is presented for its calculation.
Dose dependent hepatotoxic effects of dry seed phaseolus vulgaris linn. (red kidney beans) on rabbits
Authors: Siddiq A. , Hasan A.M. , Alam S.
Published: October 2018

Growing research on beans suggest that they are good for health, as they reduce the risk and/or help in the management of chronic diseases. Beans are valuable parts of several dietary recommendations. Saponins, α-galactosides, phytates, and lectins are currently drawing attention because of their diverse properties, both adverse and beneficial. The aim was to determine the hepatotoxic effect of dry red kidney beans, i.e. Phaseolus vulgaris, on rabbits at 4 g kg–1, 6 g kg–1, and 8 g kg–1 dosing for the period of 30 days. The histopathological examination revealed inflammation of hepatocyte at all three doses along with congestion. The biochemical testing of liver enzymes revealed elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT). The dose-dependent increase in liver enzymes indicates the hepatotoxic effect of dry red kidney beans, and various studies have demonstrated that lectins are the toxic components responsible for inflammation of body organs.
Rehydration of osmotically pre-treated apple cubes dried by hot air, microwave, and freeze-drying
Authors: Assis F.R. , Morais R.M.S.C. , Morais A.M.M.B.
Published: October 2018

Effects of the osmotic pre-treatment (OD) with sucrose or sorbitol solutions and different drying methods on the rehydration kinetics of apple cubes were studied. Samples were dried by hot air (HAD) at 70 ºC, by microwave (MWD) at 500 W, and by freeze-drying (FD). The rehydration of dried samples was performed in water at 80 ºC and at a mass ratio of sample to water of 1:100. The first order kinetic model was found to provide the best fit of the rehydration data. The pre-treatment and the drying method did not affect the rehydration kinetics, but the rehydration capacity after 12 min of rehydration was higher in the control samples than in the osmotically dehydrated ones, for all three drying methods. The rehydration rate and the rehydration capacity of the apple cubes dried by HAD, MWD, or FD were not affected by the solute used in the pre-treatment, sucrose and sorbitol.
Application of central composite design in the fermentation of apple pomace to optimize its nutritional and functional properties
Authors: Rodríguez Madrera R. , Pando Bedriñana R. , Suárez Valles B.
Published: October 2018

Simultaneous optimization of protein, soluble and insoluble dietary fibre, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity was carried out in apple pomace by using response surface methodology (RSM) and solid state fermentation. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the content of nutritional and functional properties, and two factors were studied: time and temperature of fermentation. The fermentation of apple pomace under the best conditions (29.5 ºC and 4.9 days) allowed the depletion of fermentable sugars, an increase the contents of protein and insoluble dietary fibre (36% and 23%, respectively), while soluble dietary fibre, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity remained constant.
'Dreams are such stuff as we are made on‘ • Eine Bemerkung zum Realismus antiker Traumauffassung und seinem Nachleben*
Authors: Adorjáni Zsolt
Published: October 2018

In this paper I scrutinize the origin of the concept of dreams influenced by mens’ daylightexperience. To this end I showcase some texts from Hellenistic literature until English Renaissance which to my mind can be brought into connection with each other in terms of realism of dream-vision. By looking on the common traits one can arrive at the conclusion that the dream-realism is a concept which first became popular in the Hellenism and it was from there that it took its long way through ages.
ΠΛΗΘΥΝΤΙΚΑ zum solözismusvorwurf gegen theogonie 321 in ps.-Herodians de barbarismo et soloecismo
Authors: Glotzbach Manuel
Published: October 2018

Ps.-Herodian’s treatise De barbarismo et soloecismo (Valckenaer/Villoison) cites theog. 321 ἦν τρεῖς ϰεϕαλαί as an example of the incorrect use of number as in this passage ἦν is accounted a third-person singular of εἶναι. This view is shared by several ancient and modern scholars, who regard the supposed incongruence as either a peculiarity of syntax or a figure (σχῆμα). In this paper I shall argue that there is morphological, dialectal, syntactical and stylistic evidence that theog. 321 ἦν is an original third-person plural of εἶναι. While discussing the plausibility of ἦν τρεῖς ϰεϕαλαί being a so-called σχῆμα Πινδαριϰόν I also suggest an old plural reading for Pind. fr. 78 Snell–Maehler.
Az ünnepi ülés megnyitója
Authors: Krähling János
Published: October 2018

Az MTA Építészettörténeti, Építészetelméleti és Műemléki Állandó Bizottsága, valamint az Építészettörténeti és Műemléki Tanszék közösen ünnepi ülést szervezett, amely tisztelgés a tanszéket korábban vezető két professzor – és a szervező Állandó Bizottság korábbi elnöke – előtt. Istvánfi Gyula 80. és Kalmár Miklós 70. születésnapja alkalmat adott arra, hogy – áttekintve és méltatva gazdag életpályájukat – saját oktatási és kutatási területükhöz illeszkedve néhány aktuális kérdésre fokuszálhassunk. Az előadók témaválasztásával, a 19–20. századi építészetelmélet és műemlékvédelem speciális kutatási kérdéseit érintő előadásokkal e két tudós életműve előtt tisztelgünk.
Az építészeti transzfer változatai
Authors: Pilsitz Martin
Published: October 2018

A gyarmati építészet, az egyes országokba bevándorolt új lakók által emelt épületek, az Európában létesített iszlám mecsetek és a gyárépületek egymástól rendkívül különböző épülettípusok, amelyek építészeti kialakítása nem is lehetne ellentmondásosabb. Ezeket az épületeket mégis egy különleges jelenség kapcsolja össze egymással, amely jelenségről, azaz az építészeti transzferről csak az utóbbi időben készültek objektív kutatások. A tudásátadás és az ismerettranszfer valódi dinamikáját már magának ennek a két kifejező fogalomnak az összekapcsolása is igen jól érzékelteti. Optimális esetben az építészeti transzfer a transzkulturális kapcsolódás eszköze, amely kölcsönhatásokat eredményez mind a kiindulási, mind pedig a célhelyszín számára. A kevésbé optimális esetekben a transzfer csupán építészeti exportra redukálódik, amely így viszont csak az egyik fél számára jelenti a pozitív hatások kiaknázását.
Pentagons in medieval architecture
Authors: Fehér Krisztina , Halmos Balázs , Szilágyi Brigitta
Published: October 2018

Among regular polygons, the pentagon is considered to be barely used in medieval architectural compositions, due to its odd spatial appearance and difficult method of construction. The pentagon, representing the number five has a rich semantic role in Christian symbolism. Even though the proper way of construction was already invented in the Antiquity, there is no evidence of medieval architects having been aware of this knowledge. Contemporary sources only show approximative construction methods. In the Middle Ages the form has been used in architectural elements such as window traceries, towers and apses. As opposed to the general opinion supposing that this polygon has rarely been used, numerous examples bear record that its application can be considered as rather common. Our paper attempts to give an overview of the different methods architects could have used for regular pentagon construction during the Middle Ages, and the ways of applying the form.
A főúri lakóhelyek nagykonyháinak építészeti kialakítása a 18–19. században
Authors: Fekete J. Csaba
Published: October 2018

A 18–19. századi urasági nagykonyhák építészeti kialakítása a füstelvezető szerkezetekkel tagolt térformából a füstmentesítést lehetővé tevő tüzelőberendezések révén a tagolatlan térforma alkalmazása és a funkcionális elkülönülés irányába fejlődött. A beépített tüzelőberendezések és a technikai felszereltség fejlődése, az egészséges vízvétel lehetőségének megteremtése biztosította a konyhák korszerűségét, amely révén az ételkészítés módozataihoz, a főúri étkezési szokások megváltozásához alkalmazkodni volt képes, ugyanakkor a korszak technikai vívmányai is befolyásolták az étkezési szokásokat. A hagyományos tűzpadka-kemence-katlan együttesét az 1840-es évektől beépített, csempézett takaréktűzhely váltotta fel. Az 1870-es évektől a takaréktűzhely vasból készült, zománcozott változata is elterjedt, majd a 19–20. század fordulójától a hagyományos fatüzelésű kialakítást a gázüzem korszerűsítette. A 20. századra a funkcionális differenciálás és specializálódás révén – egy-egy főúri lakóhelyen belül – a konyhák és a körülöttük lévő kiszolgáló rendeltetések önálló, a társasági funkciókhoz és a lakórendeltetésekhez változatos közlekedőrendszerrel kapcsolódó funkcionális csoportot alkottak.
Egy középület gyors esztétikai és funkcionális avulása
Authors: Kelecsényi Kristóf Zoltán , Gyetvainé Balogh Ágnes
Published: October 2018

A tanulmány a Budapest, Kossuth Lajos tér 11. szám alatt álló minisztériumi épület építéstörténetének első két évtizedére koncentrálva elemzi azokat az okokat, amelyek oda vezettek, hogy már 1906-ban tervpályázatokat írtak ki az épület teljes külső és belső átalakítására.

Bukovics Gyula (1841–1914) 1884-ben kapta a megbízást, majd elkészítette első tanulmányterveit a korábban nyolc helyen működő Földmívelés-, ipar- és kereskedelemügyi Ministerium egy épületben való elhelyezésére. A szakma már ekkor kifogásolta, hogy tervpályázatot nem írtak ki, de az épület külső megjelenése és funkcionális kialakítása is súlyos kritikákat kapott. Az 1885–1887-ben megvalósult épület fogadtatása során szintén megoszlottak a vélemények. Kifogásolták riasztónak ható méretét és tömbszerűségét, viszonylagos egyszerűségét, ugyanakkor a sötét udvari irodákat is. A telekhatárok mentén két traktus mélységű épületszárnyak udvari oldalán futó – eredetileg nyitott – széles folyosó valóban komoly árnyékoló hatással bírt.

Az átadás éveit követően sok apróbb beruházásra, javításra, átalakításra került sor, melyekkel egyrészt az épület használhatóságát kívánták javítani, másrészt pedig igazodtak a minisztérium személyzetének, ügyosztályainak folyamatos változásaihoz, illetve különféle kapcsolt intézmények ki- és beköltözéséhez. A stílusát tekintve „római olasz renaissance” homlokzatok szerénynek, dísztelennek hatottak az elkészült Országház és Igazságügyi Palota mellett. Ráadásul 1891-ben eltávolításra kerültek a homlokzat egyes málló műkő díszei is. 1906-ra a felújítás már elodázhatatlanná vált, lehetőséget teremtve a homlokzat áttervezésére is, így mind a külső, mind a belső átalakítására külön tervpályázatokat írtak ki.
Visszérműtét lézerrel
Authors: Bihari Imre , Ayoub George , Bokros Szilvia , Bihari Péter
Published: October 2018

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: Közleményük célja lézeres visszérműtéttel és annak
módosításával szerzett tapasztalataik bemutatása. Beteganyag és
módszerek: Lézeres visszérműtétet 11 év alatt 1729 végtagon
végeztek. A saphenabeömléseket, -törzseket és a perforans vénákat lézerrel
operálták, az oldalágak és reticularis varicositasok kezelésére más módszereket
alkalmaztak. Az eljárás lényege az ér lumenébe bejuttatott fényvezető szálon
keresztüli lézer energia leadás. Mindez feltárás nélkül, ultrahang irányítással
történik. A szokásos lézer műtéti leírásokhoz képest újítás, a lézeres
crossectomia bevezetése és következetes alkalmazása. A műtétek helyi és
intravénás anaesztéziában történtek. Eredmények: Az operált
végtagok 58%-át (998) sikerült 1 éven túl, (átlag 3,3 év) kontrollálni, amikor
114 végtagon észleltek kiújulást (11,4%). Megállapították, hogy a kiújulások
elsősorban azokban az esetekben jelentkeztek, amelyek más tanulmányokban ugyan
nem, de a mindennapi életben jelentős arányban szerepelnek: túlsúlyos,
terhességet vállaló, korábban már varicectomizált stb. betegeknél. Válogatott
esetekben a recidíva csak 6,0%. Lézeres műtéteik szövődményei ritkábbak voltak,
mint a hagyományos műtété és kevésbé súlyosak. Következtetés:
Munkájuk alapján egyetértenek a nemzetközi ajánlásokkal, miszerint varicositas
esetén, első helyen az endovascularis eljárások ajánlhatók, mert kevésbé
megterhelőek és kevesebb szövődménnyel fenyegetnek. Lézeres crossectomiával
elsősorban a korai kiújulások csökkentek. Nem találkoztak olyan
törzsvaricositassal, ahol a lézeres műtétet ne tudták volna elvégezni.
Determination of licochalcone A in rat plasma by UPLC–MS/MS and its pharmacokinetics
Authors: Weng Qinghua , Chen Lianguo , Ye Luxin , Lu Xiaojie , Yu Zheng , Wen Congcong , Chen Yichuan , Huang Gang
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to establish a rapid, sensitive, and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method to quantify the concentrations of licochalcone A and applicate the technique to its pharmacokinetic study. Analytes were separated on an UPLC ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase was consisted of acetontrile and 0.1% formic acid with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min in a gradient elution mode. Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) was carried out in a negative mode for licochalcone A (m/z 337.2 → 119.7) and the internal standard (IS) (m/z 609.0 → 300.9). The linearity of licochalcone A was great from 0.53 to 530 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification and the lower limit of detection were 0.53 ng/mL and 0.26 ng/mL, respectively. The intra-day precision was less than 14%, and the inter-day precision was no more than 11%. The accuracy was from 91.5% to 113.9%, the recovery was over 90.5%, and the matrix effect was between 84.5% and 89.7%. The results of stability were in an acceptable range. The bioavailability was only 3.3%, exhibiting poor absorption. The developed method was successfully applicable for determining the concentrations of licochalcone A and its pharmacokinetic study.
Transfer of TLC screening methods to quantitative HPTLC–densitometry methods for pharmaceutical products containing amlodipine besylate, cefpodoxime proxetil, cetirizine 2HCl, diclofenac sodium, efavirenz, mefenamic acid, and atovaquone + proguanil HCl
Authors: Zeng B. , Gu Y. , Sherma J.
Published: October 2018

Transfer of seven thin-layer chromatography (TLC) Global Pharma Health Fund E.V. Minilab protocols for screening counterfeit pharmaceutical products in the field to quantitative high-performance TLC (HPTLC)–densitometry methods was performed using a model process published previously. The developed and validated methods for tablets containing amlodipine besylate, cefpodoxime proxetil, cetirizine 2HCl, diclofenac sodium, efavirenz, mefenamic acid, and atovaquone + proguanil HCl involved the use of only relatively inexpensive and nontoxic solvents, Merck KGaA Premium Purity HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 plates, semi-automated sample and standard solution application with a CAMAG Linomat 4, and automated densitometry with a CAMAG Scanner 3 for detection, identification, and quantification. In addition, previously transferred HPTLC–densitometry methods for azithromycin and for cephalexin were used to analyze a new product of each drug to demonstrate the applicability of the methods.
Mutans Streptococci counts from saliva and its protein profile in early childhood caries
Authors: Bachtiar Endang W. , Gultom Ferry P. , Rahmasari Atika , Bachtiar Boy M.
Published: October 2018

Aim

This study aims to analyze the number Mutans Streptococci (MS) and its protein profile from the saliva of early childhood caries (ECC) and caries-free subjects.

Methods

MS counts were cultured from saliva samples, and the protein profile of MS was determined from ECC and caries-free subjects. The number of colonies were counted, and the protein bands with the molecular weight of 13, 29, 39, 41.3, 74, and 95 kDa were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method.

Results

We found that the number of colonies from saliva of ECC patients was higher than those caries-free (22.20 × 106 CFU/ml vs. 19.16 × 106 CFU/ml, p < 0.05). There are higher expression frequencies in protein 29, 39, 41.3, and 74 kDa of MS in ECC than caries-free subjects.

Conclusions

There is the higher number of MS colonies and difference of MS protein profile isolated from saliva among children with ECC and caries-free counterparts.
Determination of antimicrobial activity of some commercial fruit (apple, papaya, lemon and strawberry) against bacteria causing urinary tract infection
Authors: Liya Sabiha Jahan , Siddique Romana
Published: October 2018

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a worldwide phenomenon in modern times, in which the dependency on antibiotics for its treatment is increasing. The current study was conducted in order to find alternatives to antibiotics by investigating some commercial fruits for their antimicrobial activity. The fruits in this study included green apple (Malus domestica), papaya (Carica papaya), lemon (Citrus limon), and strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), which were used to prepare methanolic and ethanolic extracts through Soxhlet extraction technique. The extracts were used against bacteria that cause UTI, and five different strains were selected: E. coli (ATCC: 15922), E. coli (ATCC: 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC: 27853), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC: 29212), and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrobial tests of the extracts were conducted by following the agar well diffusion method, where ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control, and autoclaved distilled water was used as a negative control. Among the fruits, apple and papaya extracts did not show any zone of inhibition against any of the tested bacteria. However, both lemon and strawberry extracts showed inhibition zone against all of the mentioned bacteria. The ethanolic extracts of lemon and strawberry were more potent than their methanolic extracts. Lemon ethanolic extract showed the highest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC: 27853) (18.34 ± 0.58) and lowest one against Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.00 ± 1.00). Strawberry ethanolic extracts showed the highest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC: 27853) (16.33 ± 0.58) and the lowest one against Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.33 ± 0.58). As antibiotic resistance is paving the way for multi-drug resistant bacteria, the results of lemon and strawberry can be considered to be used as an antimicrobial agent in treating urinary tract infections.
Lipopolysaccharides in food, food supplements, and probiotics: should we be worried?
Authors: Wassenaar Trudy M. , Zimmermann Kurt
Published: October 2018

The fever-inducing effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is well known, and human blood is extremely responsive to this pyrogen. Recently, the safety of LPS-containing food supplements and probiotic drugs as immune-stimulants has been questioned, although these products are orally taken and do not reach the bloodstream undigested. The concerns are understandable, as endotoxaemia is a pathological condition, but the oral uptake of probiotic products containing LPS or Gram-negative bacteria does not pose a health risk, based on the available scientific evidence, as is reviewed here. The available methods developed to detect LPS and other pyrogens are mostly used for quality control of parentally applied therapeuticals. Their outcome varies considerably when applied to food supplements, as demonstrated in a simple comparative experiment. Products containing different Escherichia coli strains can result in vastly different results on their LPS content, depending on the method of testing. This is an inherent complication to pyrogen testing, which hampers the communication that the LPS content of food supplements is not a safety concern.
Policy and prevention efforts for gaming should consider a broad perspective
Authors: Petry Nancy M. , Zajac Kristyn , Ginley Meredith , Lemmens Jeroen , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Ko Chih-Hung , Rehbein Florian
Published: October 2018

Internet gaming disorder is gaining attention around the world. Some efforts have been directed toward preventing gaming problems from developing or persisting, but few approaches have been empirically evaluated. No known effective prevention intervention exists. Reviewing the broader field of prevention research should help research and best practices move forward in abating problems that arise from excessive gaming.
Problem gambling and family violence: Findings from a population-representative study
Authors: Dowling Nicki A. , Ewin Carrie , Youssef George J. , Merkouris Stephanie S. , Suomi Aino , Thomas Shane A. , Jackson Alun C.
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Few studies have investigated the association between problem gambling (PG) and violence extending into the family beyond intimate partners. This study aimed to explore the association between PG and family violence (FV) in a population-representative sample. It was hypothesized that: (a) PG would be positively associated with FV, even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and comorbidities and (b) these relationships would be significantly exacerbated by substance use and psychological distress. A secondary aim was to explore whether gender moderated these relationships.

Methods

Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted with a population-representative sample of 4,153 Australian adults.

Results

Moderate-risk (MR)/problem gamblers had a 2.73-fold increase in the odds of experiencing FV victimization (21.3%; 95% CI: 13.1–29.4) relative to non-problem gamblers (9.4%; 95% CI: 8.5–10.4). They also had a 2.56-fold increase in the odds of experiencing FV perpetration (19.7%; 95% CI: 11.8–27.7) relative to non-problem gamblers (9.0%; 95% CI: 8.0–10.0). Low-risk gamblers also had over a twofold increase in the odds of experiencing FV victimization (20.0%; 95% CI: 14.0–26.0) and perpetration (19.3%; 95% CI: 13.5–25.1). These relationships remained robust for low-risk gamblers, but were attenuated for MR/problem gamblers, after adjustment for substance use and psychological distress. MR/problem gamblers had a greater probability of FV victimization, if they reported hazardous alcohol use; and low-risk gamblers had a greater probability of FV perpetration if they were female.

Discussion and conclusion

These findings provide further support for routine screening, highlight the need for prevention and intervention programs, and suggest that reducing alcohol use may be important in these efforts.
Policy, prevention, and regulation for Internet Gaming Disorder
Authors: Kuss Daria J.
Published: October 2018

In this commentary, I discuss the recent paper by Király et al. (2018), which provides a systematic review of current and potential policies addressing problematic gaming and suggesting current approaches include those (a) limiting video game availability, (b) reducing risk and harm, and (c) supporting gamers. This commentary uses a number of points raised by Király et al. (2018) to address the issue of policy context by discussing (a) the sociocultural environment and (b) the gamer and the game environment to (c) create the case for prevention to reduce risk and harm and to provide support for gamers and their families.
Potential roles of masculine role discrepancy, discrepancy stress, and self-esteem in affecting addictive use of social networking sites among Chinese men: A random population-based study
Authors: Yang Xue , Lau Joseph T. F. , Wang Zixin , Lau Mason C. M.
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Masculine role discrepancy (i.e., men perceiving themselves not living up to the ideal manhood and being less masculine than the typical “man”) and related discrepancy stress were associated with some risk behaviors. No study has looked at their relationships with addictive use of social networking sites (SNSs), an emerging potential public health concern. The study constructed a moderated mediation model to test whether masculine role discrepancy would be positively associated with discrepancy stress, which would, in turn, be positively associated with addictive use of SNS, and whether self-esteem would buffer (moderate) the association between masculine role discrepancy and discrepancy stress.

Methods

A random population-based cross-sectional telephone survey interviewed 2,000 Hong Kong male adults in the general population.

Results

Currently unmarried and non-cohabiting, younger, and better educated participants reported higher addictive use of SNS scores than others. Adjusted for these variables, masculine role discrepancy and discrepancy stress were positively associated, and self-esteem was negatively associated with addictive use of SNS scores. Path analysis indicated that masculine role discrepancy was associated with addictive use of SNS through discrepancy stress (mediation); self-esteem buffered (moderated) the association between masculine role discrepancy and discrepancy stress; self-esteem was not significantly associated with addictive use of SNS in this model with good fit.

Discussion

The findings support the general strain theory’s postulation that strain is associated with stress, which is in turn associated with addictive use of SNS sites. Implications, potential interventions, and future studies are discussed in this study.
Spanish validation of the Problem Gambling Severity Index: A confirmatory factor analysis with sports bettors
Authors: Lopez-Gonzalez Hibai , Estévez Ana , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) is one of the most widely used screening tools for problem gambling (PG). However, to date, no empirically validated adaptation of the instrument to Spanish-speaking countries exists.

Methods

A sample of 659 sports bettors (Mage = 35.1 years, SD = 10.12, 74.2% males) were recruited through an online research panel. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to confirm its construct validity. The participants were administered the Spanish version of the PGSI, along with the adaptation to Spanish of the DSM-IV PG instrument for convergent validity.

Results

The CFA of the Spanish PGSI showed satisfactory construct validity. The internal consistency (αordinal = .97) as well as its convergent validity with the DSM-IV scores (r = .77, p < .001) was good.

Conclusion

The Spanish adaptation of the PGSI offers satisfactory validity and reliability properties, and is a good psychometric instrument for exploring the social consequences of PG in Spanish-speaking contexts.
Time to call for a global public health approach in prevention of the onset and progression of problematic gaming
Authors: Chung Thomas , Sum Simmy , Chan Monique
Published: October 2018

Problematic video gaming is a global problem. Policy and programs responses to the problem vary among countries, partly due to cultural differences in the east and the west, meaning that caution is needed in drawing comparisons. Promoting parental education and positive youth development would be a useful approach to curb problematic behavior among children and adolescents. We suggest using a public health approach, based on our experience in dealing with commodities, which are harmful to health.
Psychometric evaluation of the Persian Internet Disorder Scale among adolescents
Authors: Lin Chung-Ying , Ganji Maryam , Pontes Halley M. , Imani Vida , Broström Anders , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Given the growing epidemiological research interest concerning Internet addiction, brief instruments with a robust theoretical basis are warranted. The Internet Disorder Scale (IDS-15) is one such instrument that can be used to quickly assess the Internet addiction in an individual. However, only two language versions of the IDS-15 have been developed. This study translated the IDS-15 into Persian and examined its psychometric properties using comprehensive psychometric testing.

Methods

After ensuring the linguistic validity of the Persian IDS-15, 1,272 adolescents (mean age = 15.53 years; 728 males) completed the IDS-15, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS9-SF), and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Rasch models, regression analysis, and latent profile analysis (LPA) were carried out to test the psychometric properties of the Persian IDS-15.

Results

Both CFA and Rasch supported the construct validity of the Persian IDS-15. Multigroup analysis in CFA and differential item functioning in Rasch indicated that male and female adolescents interpreted the IDS-15 items similarly. Regression analysis showed that the IDS-15 correlated with IGDS9-SF and BSMAS (ΔR2 = .12 and .36, respectively) is stronger than the DASS (ΔR2 = .03–.05). LPA based on IDS-15 suggests three subgroups for the sample. Significant differences in depression, anxiety, IGDS9-SF, and BSMAS were found among the three LPA subgroups.

Conclusion

The Persian IDS-15 has robust psychometric properties as evidenced by both classical test theory and Rasch analysis.
Maladaptive daydreaming as a new form of behavioral addiction
Authors: Pietkiewicz Igor J. , Nęcki Szymon , Bańbura Anna , Tomalski Radosław
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) has many features of behavioral addiction, but research exploring this syndrome is limited. This case study provides a qualitative exploration of MD.

Methods

A structured clinical interview and mental state examination of a patient with MD were video-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were subjected to the interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

MD was developed as a strategy to cope with distress but led to uncontrollable absorption in fantasy, social withdrawal, and neglecting aspects of everyday life. It was coupled with excessive Internet use and viewing porn.

Discussion and conclusions

Patients should be questioned about MD during clinical assessment. Further studies are necessary to determine whether MD constitutes a separate syndrome or is a part of other behavioral addictions.
The gift, the market, and the question of living well together: Exploring rhetorics of allo-liberalism as antidote to neoliberalism
Authors: Mifsud Mari Lee
Published: October 2018

This essay joins with others in exposing and critiquing problems with neoliberalism in the orchestration of society. Using rhetorical theory both ancient and contemporary that relates rhetoric to the gift and giving, this essay shows the inhospitable rhetorical dynamics of neoliberalism and explores the rhetorical possibilities of transformation through allo-liberalism, a turn to the other with liberality, generosity, and love.
Money talks because people move: Embodied metaphors in economic action
Authors: Gibbs Raymond W.
Published: October 2018

Metaphor plays a major role in the ways people speak and write about money and other economic concepts. One long-standing belief is that most verbal metaphors are clichéd or dead, and do not evoke active metaphoric thinking. However, research in cognitive linguistics and cognitive science demonstrates how verbal metaphors about money are pervasive in discourse, and emerge from vitally alive metaphoric concepts, most of which are rooted in pervasive patterns of embodied experience. An important part of embodied metaphoric language and thought is embodied simulation processes that enable people to talk about abstract concepts, such as money, via imaginative projections of themselves into the actions referred to in language. Studying the language of money and economic action demands examination of the bodily based metaphorical concepts that underlie these types of communication.
Like economy: What is the economic value of likes?
Authors: Veszelszki Ágnes
Published: October 2018

The most prominent social button is the “like”, which was introduced by the social networking site Facebook in February 2009. In social media, liking is a so-called predefined communicative act, which has created a recommendation and like culture. The interactions of users with contents and with one another (in other words, the practices of everyday life, such as the consumption of goods and information) have become part of databases. Accordingly, the paper seeks to answer the following questions: How can likes be converted to revenue? Is it worth buying page and post likes? Is there any distinction between good and bad likes (cf. public customer service on social media sites)? If so, what makes a(n economically) good like? In sum, what is the economic (and communicative) value of likes?
The modulation of ureteral smooth muscle contractile responses by α1- and α2-adrenoceptor activation
Authors: Monks DR , Bund SJ
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This study was performed to investigate the influence of α-adrenoceptor subtypes upon ureteral smooth muscle contractile responses.

Methods

Rat ureters were challenged in vitro with noradrenaline (NA), the α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE), and the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (CLON). The influences of the agonists on the magnitude and frequency of acetylcholine (ACh)-stimulated phasic contractile responses were recorded.

Results

The magnitude of the phasic contractile responses effected by ACh was not significantly influenced by the adrenoceptor agonists, but the frequency of the response was significantly enhanced by all three agonists (p < 0.05). Idazoxan and prazosin abolished the rise in frequency effected by CLON and PE, respectively, whereas both antagonists in combination were required to abolish the increase in frequency effected by NA.

Conclusions

It has been demonstrated that α1- and α2-adrenoceptors modulate the contractile function of rat ureteral smooth muscle by increasing the frequency, but not the magnitude, of phasic contractile responses. The enhancement of contractile function by NA is mediated by mechanisms dependent upon both α1- and α2-adrenoceptors.
Protective effects of quercetin from oxidative/nitrosative stress under intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure in the rat’s heart
Authors: Chiş IC , Baltaru D , Dumitrovici A , Coseriu A , Radu BC , Moldovan R , Mureşan A
Published: October 2018

Background

Exposure to high altitude in hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is considered to be a physiological oxidative/nitrosative stress. Quercetin (Que) is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger against oxidative/nitrosative stress.

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of Que in animals exposed to intermittent HH (IHH) and therefore exposed to oxidative/nitrosative stress.

Materials and methods

Wistar albino male rats were exposed to short-term (2 days) or long-term (4 weeks; 5 days/week) IHH in a hypobaric chamber (5,500 m, 8 h/day, 380 mmHg, 12% O2, and 88% N2). Half of the animals received natural antioxidant Que (body weight: 30 mg/kg) daily before each IHH exposure and the remaining rats received vehicle (carboxymethylcellulose solution). Control rats were kept under normobaric normoxia (Nx) and treated in a corresponding manner. One day after the last exposure to IHH, we measured the cardiac hypoxia-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers: the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and protein carbonyl (PC) content, the activity of some antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)], the nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) production, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression.

Results

Heart tissue MDA and PC levels, NOx level, and iNOS expression of IHH-exposed rats had increased, and SOD and CAT activities had decreased compared with those of the Nx-exposed rats (control groups). MDA, CP, NOx, and iNOS levels had decreased in Que-treated IHH-exposed rats compared with IHH-exposed rats (control groups). However, Que administration increased SOD and CAT activities of the heart tissue in the IHH-exposed rats.

Conclusion

HH exposure increases oxidative/nitrosative stress in heart tissue and Que is an effective cardioprotective agent, which further supports the oxidative cardiac dysfunction induced by hypoxia.
Methodological approach to follow the effectiveness of a hand hygiene peer education training programme at Hungarian schools
Authors: Feith HJ , Lehotsky Á , Lukács Á , Gradvohl E , Füzi R , Darvay Mészárosné S , Krekó Bihariné I , Karacs ZS , Kiss Soósné ZS , Falus A
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The authors intended to develop a novel procedure and research method that follows the effectiveness of the peer-educational approach in handwashing among school children.

Materials and methods

To ask the children about their sociodemographic background, health behaviour, hand hygiene knowledge, and health attitudes, and questionnaires were applied. The education on proper handwashing procedures was followed by a test with a mobile UV-light detection system (Semmelweis Scanner, http://www.handinscan.com/), and the scans were evaluated through an intrinsic computer software.

Results

Our newly developed questionnaire-based research method and the hand-rubbing technique followed by a test with a mobile UV-light detection system may become a reliable and valid scientific measurement of the effectiveness of hand hygiene training programmes.

Conclusions

The Hand-in-Scan technology and questionnaire-based research method provide proper tools for evaluating the successful peer education method. It can significantly elevate the level of children’s compliance, which leads to a better hygienic consciousness.
Enyhe szövettani eltérések ellenére gyors progressziójú proliferativ glomerulonephritis monoklonális immunglobulin-G-depozitumokkal
Authors: Bajcsi Dóra , Constantinou Kypros , Krenács László , Barabás Zsolt , Molnár Szabolcs , Nyiraty Szabolcs , Ábrahám György , Iványi Béla
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits is characterized by granular deposits of monoclonal IgG; histologically it has typically a membranoproliferative or endocapillary pattern, and seen electronmicroscopically there are dense deposits without substructure. Here, we present the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian woman who was admitted with rapidly progressive kidney failure. The patient’s status, the laboratory and imaging examinations did not support prerenal, postrenal and – among the intrinsic causes – vascular and tubulointerstitial origin. The proteinuria and dysmorphic microhematuria suggested rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Tests for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, anti-glomerular basement membrane, antinuclear antibodies and cryoglobulins were negative, the C3 and C4 levels were normal. The biopsy evaluation diagnosed proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits because of mesangial granular deposits of IgG3-kappa, C3, and C1q, and ultrastructurally electron-dense deposits (incidence in our adult native kidney biopsy series: 0.18%). 31 glomeruli were assessed histologically. 29 glomeruli displayed mild mesangial hypercellularity, 2 glomeruli were globally sclerotic. Crescents were not observed. Mild arteriolar hyalinosis, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy accompanied the glomerular alterations. In the postbiopsy evaluation, paraprotein or multiple myeloma was not detected. Despite the mild histological findings, the kidney failure progressed, and hemodialysis had to be started two weeks after the biopsy. Steroids, cyclophosphamide and rituximab did not affect her kidney function, and she remained on hemodialysis during the follow-up of 39 months. This report presents for the first time proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits as the possible cause of rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome in the absence of pronounced glomerular proliferative, sclerotic or tubulointerstitial lesions. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(38): 1567–1572.
Kezdeti tapasztalatok a 99mTc-PSMA-SPECT/CT-vel prosztatarákos betegekben
Authors: Farkas István , Besenyi Zsuzsanna , Maráz Anikó , Bajory Zoltán , Palkó András , Sipka Gábor , Pávics László
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein, that is highly expressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells. In the last few years, several PSMA-specific ligands have been developed, that can be successfully used to detect primary prostate cancer, tumor recurrences and metastases as well. Aim: The goal of our work was to examine the clinical application of a 99mtechnetium-labeled PSMA-radiopharmaceutical as part of the routine diagnostics of prostate cancer. Method: We examined 15 male patients with verified prostate adenocarcinoma with suspicion of progression or recurrence of the disease. We performed whole-body PSMA-SPECT/CTs and multiparametric MRIs of the prostate and the pelvic regions within a week. We used 99mTc-mas3-y-nal-k(Sub-KuE) for the PSMA-SPECT scans. The images were visually evaluated by independent observers. The results were compared with the follow-up bone scintigraphies as well. Results: Twenty-two PSMA-positive lesions were found. Nine of them were localized outside, 13 were within the MRI’s field of view. From these 13 lesions, 7 matched with the SPECT/CT results and in 5 cases the MRI images showed no abnormalities. In one case, bone metastasis was suspected on the MRI scan but there was no corresponding pathological tracer uptake on the SPECT images. In two patients, none of the examinations showed signs of prostate malignancy. Four patients had PSMA-positive bone metastases. One of them had a matching PSMA/SPECT and bone scintigraphy result and in one case the PSMA examination showed metastasis in contrast to the negative bone scintigraphy. Conclusion: PSMA-SPECT/CT with 99mTc-mas3-y-nal-k(Sub-KuE) is a promising diagnostic tool. This technique is capable of visualizing bone metastases and it can detect local recurrences and visceral metastases as well. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(35): 1433–1440.
Az állkapocsízületi károsodás kezelése szteroiddal, illetve hialuronsavval
Authors: Vingender Szonja , Restár László , Csomó Krisztián Benedek , Schmidt Péter , Hermann Péter , Vaszilkó Mihály
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Derangement of the temporomandibular joint complicates everyday life, due to the masticatory malfunction and the continuous pain sensation of the head and facial region. The therapy is multidisciplinary and varying. In case of the inefficiency of conservative therapy, minimally invasive intervention is needed with intraarticular injection. Aim: The aim of our study was to examine whether hyaluronic acid injection is more beneficial compared to corticosteroid in 37 joints. We also examined whether the efficacy of the therapy is influenced by hyaluronic acid molecular weight and the used protocol. Method: Wilkes stage, maximal mouth opening and the Visual Analogue Scale were determined pre-operatively and 6 months later. Corticosteroid application was performed once, hyaluronic acid was injected on a weekly bases 3 times in a row, by use of low (6–10 × 105 dalton) or high molecular weight (24–36 × 105 dalton) preparations. Results: The medical state of the patients treated with corticosteroid temporarily improved, but the symptoms returned. Due to hyaluronic acid treatment, significant improvement was revealed in all parameters (pwilkes<0.0001; pmouth-opening = 0.0002; pVAS<0.0001). There was no significant relapse (T = 2.05). The third administration of hyaluronic acid resulted in a significant improvement of the Visual Analogue Scale compared to the first and second injection (T3.–1. = 20.37; T3.–2. = 9.57). Conclusions: Comparing the two agents we can state that hyaluronic acid was significantly more effective and its application for three times seems to be the most effective treatment decreasing the symptoms. The high molecular weight solution was more effective in increasing mouth opening. In contrast to hyaluronic acid, corticosteroid had no prolonged effect in higher Wilkes stages. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(36): 1475–1482.