bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longer Migration and Spontaneous Decay of Aseismic Slip Pulse Caused by Fault Roughness
Authors: Ozawa So W. , Hatano Takahiro , Kame Nobuki
Published: January 2019

It has been known that natural faults possess rough profiles, which may play a vital role in earthquake dynamics. Here we examine the effect of fault roughness in the earthquake nucleation process using the rate and state friction law with the slip evolution law. The nucleation process on rough faults behaves as accelerating and migrating aseismic slip pulse, which is similar to previous studies for flat faults. However, the migration distance on rough faults is much larger than flat faults. The effect of fault roughness on the aseismic slip pulse migration is described by a single parameter known as the roughness drag, which depends on the amplitude, the minimum wavelength, and the Hurst exponent of the fault roughness profile. We also show that aseismic slip pulse cannot accelerate to dynamic rupture and ceases spontaneously if the roughness drag exceeds the static stress drop.
Separating the Influences of Land Warming, the Direct CO2 Effect, the Plant Physiological Effect, and SST Warming on Regional Precipitation Changes
Authors: Chadwick Robin , Ackerley Duncan , Ogura Tomoo , Dommenget Dietmar
Published: January 2019

Regional precipitation responses to land warming are separated from other aspects of CO2 forcing using idealized atmosphere‐only climate model experiments. Land warming is crucial in determining the regional responses to direct CO2 forcing and the plant physiological effect and partially mitigates the response to sea surface temperature (SST) warming. The plant physiological effect causes large reductions in transpiration over forest regions but also produces significant land warming which increases moisture convergence in tropical forest regions, opposing transpiration‐related reductions in precipitation. The balance between these two large terms differs by region and explains why some regions actually experience increased precipitation in response to reduced transpiration. Regional circulation changes driven by increased CO2 atmospheric radiative heating appear to be mainly related to land‐sea differences in water cycle adjustments rather than spatial variations in radiative heating. This drives increased rainfall in several monsoon regions, particularly over West Africa. SST warming generally leads to reduced precipitation over land and increases over the oceans, while the associated land warming enhances moisture convergence and precipitation over land. However, the combination of SST and land warming effects is highly nonlinear in the tropics, which is likely to be because of strong coupling between precipitation change and land warming.
Experimental Censorship of Bed Load Particle Motions and Bias Correction of the Associated Frequency Distributions
Authors: Ballio Francesco , Radice Alessio , Fathel Siobhan L. , Furbish David Jon
Published: January 2019

Knowledge of the statistical distributions of particle hop properties (distances, travel, and rest times) enables a deeper understanding of bed load sediment transport. However, the measurement of particle hops is prone to censorship: Since many hops cross the boundaries of a spatial‐temporal observation window, one knows that they exist but does not know how long they are. An option is to build particle hop samples considering only the hops that are completely observed and excluding (censoring) those observed only partially. Such a choice, however, biases the frequency distributions of the hop properties. Moreover, censorship acts in both space and time, and a hop censored in time will also not contribute to a sample of hop lengths, and vice versa. Time censorship similarly applies to particle rest times. This paper presents a theoretical formulation of censorship that leads to nonparametric bias corrections recovering estimates of values of the underlying distributions of hop distance, travel time, and rest time up to sampling window dimensions. We illustrate the occurrence and consequences of experimental censorship, and the benefit of applying the bias corrections, for both synthetic and laboratory samples of particle hops. The corrections reasonably recover the relative proportions of frequency distributions represented by the data up to the sampling dimensions and improve the estimates of the first two moments of particle hop properties. Recommendations are given regarding how the size of an observation window may be chosen to reduce the bias to below some prescribed value, if the forms of the underlying distributions are known.
Tectonic Evolution of the Pamir Recorded in the Western Tarim Basin (China): Sedimentologic and Magnetostratigraphic Analyses of the Aertashi Section
Authors: Blayney Tamsin , Dupont‐Nivet Guillaume , Najman Yani , Proust Jean‐Noël , Meijer Niels , Roperch Pierrick , Sobel Edward R. , Millar Ian , Guo Zhaojie
Published: January 2019

The northward indentation of the Pamir salient into the Tarim basin at the western syntaxis of the India‐Asia collision zone is the focus of controversial models linking lithospheric to surface and atmospheric processes. Here we report on tectonic events recorded in the most complete and best‐dated sedimentary sequences from the western Tarim basin flanking the eastern Pamir (the Aertashi section), based on sedimentologic, provenance, and magnetostratigraphic analyses. Increased tectonic subsidence and a shift from marine to continental fluvio‐deltaic deposition at 41 Ma indicate that far‐field deformation from the south started to affect the Tarim region. A sediment accumulation hiatus from 24.3 to 21.6 Ma followed by deposition of proximal conglomerates is linked to fault propagation into the Tarim basin. From 21.6 to 15.0 Ma, increasing accumulation rates of fining upward clastics is interpreted as the expression of a major dextral transtensional system linking the Kunlun to the Tian Shan ahead of the northward Pamir indentation. At 15.0 Ma, the appearance of North Pamir‐sourced conglomerates followed at 11 Ma by Central Pamir‐sourced volcanics coincides with a shift to E‐W compression, clockwise vertical‐axis rotations and the onset of growth strata associated with the activation of the local east vergent Qimugen thrust wedge. Together, this enables us to interpret that Pamir indentation into Tarim had started by 24.3 Ma, reached the study location by 15.0 Ma and had passed it by 11 Ma, providing kinematic constraints on proposed tectonic models involving intracontinental subduction and delamination.
Tidal Behavior and Water‐Level Changes in Gravel Aquifers in Response to Multiple Earthquakes: A Case Study From New Zealand
Authors: Weaver K. C. , Doan M.‐L. , Cox S. C. , Townend J. , Holden C.
Published: January 2019

Earthquakes have been inferred to induce hydrological changes in aquifers on the basis of either changes to well water‐levels or tidal behavior, but the relationship between these changes remains unclear. Here, changes in tidal behavior and water‐levels are quantified using a hydrological network monitoring gravel aquifers in Canterbury, New Zealand, in response to nine earthquakes (of magnitudes Mw 5.4 to 7.8) that occurred between 2008 and 2015. Of the 161 wells analyzed, only 35 contain water‐level fluctuations associated with “Earth + Ocean” (7) or “Ocean” (28) tides. Permeability reduction manifest as changes in tidal behavior and increased water‐levels in the near field of the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2010–2011 support the hypothesis of shear‐induced consolidation. However, tidal behavior and water‐level changes rarely occurred simultaneously (~2%). Water‐level changes that occurred with no change in tidal behavior reequilibrated at a new postseismic level more quickly (on timescales of ~50 min) than when a change in tidal behavior occurred (~240 min to 10 days). Water‐level changes were more than likely to occur above a peak dynamic stress of ~50 kPa and were more than likely to not occur below ~10 kPa. The minimum peak dynamic stress required for a tidal behavior change to occur was ~0.2 to 100 kPa.
Integration of a Levee Breach Erosion Model in a GPU‐Accelerated 2D Shallow Water Equations Code
Authors: Dazzi S. , Vacondio R. , Mignosa P.
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a two‐dimensional shallow water equations code coupled with a physically based erosion model, able to predict the opening and evolution of breaches forming in levees built with either cohesive or noncohesive material. The bottom elevation change is evaluated using an excess shear‐stress equation, which accounts for the hydrodynamic conditions and for the material characteristics. The proposed model modifies the local topography at runtime wherever the levee is overtopped without having to predefine the position and shape of the breach. The model is implemented in CUDA programming language, so that simulations can be run on graphics processing units, guaranteeing fast execution times even for high‐resolution meshes and large domains. The validation is performed based on several experimental tests, and numerical predictions are in good agreement with the measurements. The strengths and weaknesses of the proposed approach are also discussed by comparison with a sediment transport model based on the Exner equation: While the latter gives good results only for breaches forming in levees built with noncohesive material, the proposed model can also be applied to cohesive embankments. The application to a historical flood event is also presented, showing that the model can effectively be employed for real field simulations also in the case of multiple breaches.
Reply to Comment by J. Szilagyi and R. Crago on “Derivation of a Sigmoid Generalized Complementary Function for Evaporation With Physical Constraints”
Authors: Han Songjun , Tian Fuqiang
Published: January 2019

Szilagyi and Crago criticized our sigmoid generalized complementary function from the boundary conditions and physical limits under the completely wet environments. We believe that their comments originate from different perspectives on the generalized complementary principle. In this reply, we clarify our perspectives, and explain our boundary conditions and physical constraints under the completely wet environments.
Chi3l3 induces oligodendrogenesis in an experimental model of autoimmune neuroinflammation
Authors: Starossom Sarah C. , Campo Garcia Juliana , Woelfle Tim , Romero-Suarez Silvina , Olah Marta , Watanabe Fumihiro , Cao Li , Yeste Ada , Tukker John J. , Quintana Francisco J. , Imitola Jaime , Witzel Franziska , Schmitz Dietmar , Morkel Markus , Paul Friedemann , Infante-Duarte Carmen , Khoury Samia J.
Published: January 2019

In demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neural stem cells (NSCs) can replace damaged oligodendrocytes if the local microenvironment supports the required differentiation process. Although chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) form part of this microenvironment, their function in this differentiation process is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that murine Chitinase 3-like-3 (Chi3l3/Ym1), human Chi3L1 and Chit1 induce oligodendrogenesis. In mice, Chi3l3 is highly expressed in the subventricular zone, a stem cell niche of the adult brain, and in inflammatory brain lesions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We find that silencing Chi3l3 increases severity of EAE. We present evidence that in NSCs Chi3l3 activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), thereby inducing Pyk2-and Erk1/2- dependent expression of a pro-oligodendrogenic transcription factor signature. Our results implicate CLP-EGFR-Pyk2-MEK-ERK as a key intrinsic pathway controlling oligodendrogenesis.
Crossing exceptional points without phase transition
Authors: Zhong Qi , El-Ganainy Ramy
Published: January 2019

We show that the theoretical framework linking exceptional points (EPs) to phase transitions in parity-time (PT) symmetric Hamiltonians is incomplete. Particularly, we demonstrate that the application of the squaring operator to aJxPT lattice dramatically alter the topology of its Riemann surface, eventually resulting in a system that can cross an EP without undergoing a symmetry breaking. We elucidate on these rather surprising results by invoking the notion of phase diagrams in higher dimensional parameter space. Within this perspective, the canonical PT symmetry breaking paradigm arises only along certainprojections of the Riemann surface in the parameter space.
Solvent-directed control over the topology of entanglement in square lattice (sql) coordination networks
Authors: Sanii Rana , Hua Carol , Patyk-Kaźmierczak Ewa , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: January 2019

We report herein that the mode of entanglement in square lattice, sql, coordination networks formed by an extended bis-imidazole ligand, L, can be controlled by the solvent used during solvothermal synthesis.
Transition-metal single atoms in nitrogen-doped graphenes as efficient active centers for water splitting: a theoretical study
Authors: Zhou Yanan , Gao Guoping , Li Yan , Chu Wei , Wang Lin-Wang
Published: January 2019

A triple-coordinated Co exhibits high catalytic activity toward HER with a calculated hydrogen adsorption free energy of −0.01 eV, and a quadruple-coordinated Co shows excellent catalytic performance toward OER with a low computed overpotential of −0.39 V.
Small substituent groups as geometric controllers for tridentate platinum(ii) complexes to effectively suppress non-radiative decay processes
Authors: Luo Yafei , Chen Zhongzhu , Hu Jianping , Xu Zhigang , Meng Qingxi , Tang Dianyong
Published: January 2019

For phosphorescent emitters, the rigidity of the geometry is a crucial indicator, which can directly determine the non-radiative decay rate. Small substituent groups as geometric controllers can effectively control the rigidities of tridentate platinum(ii) complexes.
Theoretical study on the charge transport properties of three series of dicyanomethylene quinoidal thiophene derivatives
Authors: Lin Pan-Pan , Zhang Shou-Feng , Zhang Ning-Xi , Fan Jian-Xun , Ji Li-Fei , Guo Jing-Fu , Ren Ai-Min
Published: January 2019

The effects of different connection modes on the electronic structure, electron injection ability, air stability and charge transport properties were researched. Further weak interaction was investigated to analyze the influence of terminal group and the different backbone on molecular packing.
Microbial lipid biomarkers detected in deep subsurface black shales
Authors: Akondi Rawlings N. , Sharma Shikha , Trexler Ryan V. , Mouser Paula J. , Pfiffner Susan M.
Published: January 2019

Evidence for microbes has been detected in extreme subsurface environments as deep as 2.5 km with temperatures as high as 90 °C, demonstrating that microbes can adapt and survive extreme environmental conditions.
Extrinsic wheat fibre consumption enhances faecal bulk and stool frequency; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Wit Nicole , Esser Diederik , Siebelink Els , Fischer Anne , Sieg Juergen , Mes Jurriaan
Published: January 2019

Consumption of extrinsic wheat fibre-enriched products shows beneficial effects on faecal bulk and stool pattern.
Magnetic particle ornamented dual stimuli responsive nanogel for controlled anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Mandal Pijush , Maji Somnath , Panja Sudipta , Bajpai Om Prakash , Maiti Tapas Kumar , Chattopadhyay Santanu
Published: January 2019

A series of spherical magneto-responsive nanogels were fabricated by formulating different sets of star block copolymers based on pentaerythritol–poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PE–PCL-b-PAA) combined with amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy.
Fast upconversion super-resolution microscopy with 10 μs per pixel dwell times
Authors: Peng Xingyun , Huang Bingru , Pu Rui , Liu Haichun , Zhang Tao , Widengren Jerker , Zhan Qiuqiang , Ågren Hans
Published: January 2019

A facile strategy is proposed to simultaneously enhance the intensity (10 times) and accelerate the transients (one fifth) of the 455 nm emission of Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped NaYF4 nanocrystals via highly-doped sensitizers and a sandwich structure.
Effective blue-violet photoluminescence through lanthanum and fluorine ions co-doping for CsPbCl3 perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Zhai Yue , Bai Xue , Pan Gencai , Zhu Jinyang , Shao He , Dong Biao , Xu Lin , Song Hongwei
Published: January 2019

Co-doping of cation (La3+) and anion (F−) ions is a feasible method to improve the optical properties of CsPbCl3 QDs, and high photoluminescence quantum yield of 36.5% is achieved in CsPb(Cl0.7F0.3)3:La3+ QDs.
In situ phytoremediation of copper and cadmium in a co-contaminated soil and its biological and physical effects
Authors: Xu Lei , Xing Xiangyu , Liang Jiani , Peng Jianbiao , Zhou Jing
Published: January 2019

Phytoremediation is a potential cost-effective technology for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils.
Preparation and properties of long chain branched high-density polyethylene based on nano-SiO2 grafted glycidyl methacrylate
Authors: Xie Lijin , Liang Xiaokun , Huang Hongwei , Yang Le , Zhang Feng , Li Xiaolong , Luo Zhu
Published: January 2019

A compounded nanoparticle with multiple double bonds (CC) was prepared by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto the surface of nano-SiO2.
Metallic glassy Ti2Ni grain-growth inhibitor powder for enhancing the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of MgH2
Authors: El-Eskandarany Mohamed Sherif
Published: January 2019

Metallic glassy alloy is considered as one of the best option used to enhance the kinetics behavior of MgH2.
Amino-functionalized magnetic chitosan beads to enhance immobilization of potassium copper hexacyanoferrate for selective Cs+ removal and facile recovery
Authors: Roh Hyelin , Kim Yonghwan , Kim Yun Kon , Harbottle David , Lee Jae W.
Published: January 2019

The magnetic chitosan beads were amino-functionalized by grafting and showed an outstanding removal performance for radioactive Cs+.
Surface radio-mineralisation mediates chelate-free radiolabelling of iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Patrick P. Stephen , Bogart Lara K. , Macdonald Thomas J. , Southern Paul , Powell Michael J. , Zaw-Thin May , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Parkin Ivan P. , Pankhurst Quentin A. , Lythgoe Mark F. , Kalber Tammy L. , Bear Joseph C.
Published: January 2019

Mineralisation of radio-metals onto the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles simplifies radiolabelling, enabling quantification of their bio-distribution with nuclear imaging.
Thermodynamically driven assemblies and liquid–liquid phase separations in biology
Authors: Falahati Hanieh , Haji-Akbari Amir
Published: January 2019

The sustenance of life depends on the high degree of organization that prevails through different levels of living organisms, from subcellular structures such as biomolecular complexes and organelles to tissues and organs.
Continuous assembly of supramolecular polyamine–phosphate networks on surfaces: preparation and permeability properties of nanofilms
Authors: Agazzi Maximiliano L. , Herrera Santiago E. , Cortez M. Lorena , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , von Bilderling Catalina , Pietrasanta Lía I. , Azzaroni Omar
Published: January 2019

Polyamine-phosphate networks represent a powerful “nanoarchitectonic” tool to create new functional materials with molecular-level control.
A finite deformation theory of desolvation and swelling in partially photo-cross-linked polymer networks for 3D/4D printing applications
Authors: Zhao Zeang , Qi H. Jerry , Fang Daining
Published: January 2019

A finite deformation model is developed to describe desolvation and swelling in partially photo-crosslinked polymers.
Nitrogen- and iodine-doped microporous carbon derived from a hydrogen-bonded organic framework: an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Wen-Ju , Wen Ya-Qiong , Wang Jia-Wei , Zhong Di-Chang , Tan Jing-Bo , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: January 2019

A hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-8) was utilized as a precursor to prepare carbon-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts.
Pyridine-functionalized fullerene additive enabling coordination interactions with CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite towards highly efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Zhen Jieming , Zhou Weiran , Chen Muqing , Li Bairu , Jia Lingbo , Wang Mingtai , Yang Shangfeng
Published: January 2019

A novel pyridine-functionalized fullerene derivative (C60-PyP) as an additive in regular bulk heterojunction perovskite (CH3NH3Pbl3) solar cells (PSCs) enables a power conversion efficiency of 19.82% with markedly suppressed hysteresis.
The magnetoelectric effect in a cubic ferrimagnetic spinel LiFe5O8 with high coupling temperature
Authors: Liu Run , Pan Linlin , Peng Silu , Qin Lili , Bi Jian , Wu Jiangtao , Wu Hua , Ye Zuo-Guang
Published: January 2019

We report an effective magnetoelectric (ME) coupling phenomenon in cubic ferrimagnetic spinel LiFe5O8, with the command of its polarization by an applied magnetic field. This material exhibits the highest ME coupling temperature among the magnetoelectric spinel and related materials so far reported.
Porous Co9S8 nanotubes with the percolation effect for lightweight and highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Zhou Chenhui , Wu Chen , Lv Huipeng , Yan Mi
Published: January 2019

Achieving highly efficient and lightweight electromagnetic wave absorption for Co9S8 nanotubes by rational utilization of the percolation effect.
SPARC is required for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in mice
Authors: Atorrasagasti Catalina , Onorato Agostina , Gimeno María L. , Andreone Luz , Garcia Mariana , Malvicini Mariana , Fiore Esteban , Bayo Juan , Perone Marcelo J. , Mazzolini Guillermo D.
Published: January 2019

Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, three strongly interrelated diseases, are associated to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of obesity-associated disorders is still under study. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein expressed in many cell types including adipocytes, parenchymal, and non-parenchymal hepatic cells and pancreatic cells. Studies have demonstrated that SPARC inhibits adipogenesis and promotes insulin resistance; in addition, circulating SPARC levels were positively correlated with body mass index in obese individuals. Therefore, SPARC is being proposed as a key factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated disorders. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of SPARC in glucose homeostasis. We show here that SPARC null (SPARC−/−) mice displayed an abnormal insulin-regulated glucose metabolism. SPARC−/− mice presented an increased adipose tissue deposition and an impaired glucose homeostasis as animals aged. In addition, the absence of SPARC worsens high-fat diet-induced diabetes in mice. Interestingly, although SPARC−/− mice on high-fat diet were sensitive to insulin they showed an impaired insulin secretion capacity. Of note, the expression of glucose transporter 2 in islets of SPARC−/− mice was dramatically reduced. The present study provides the first evidence that deleted SPARC expression causes diabetes in mice. Thus, SPARC deficient mice constitute a valuable model for studies concerning obesity and its related metabolic complications, including diabetes.
ZEB1-AS1 is associated with poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer and influences cell migration and apoptosis by repressing ID1
Authors: Jin Jianjun , Wang Huanqin , Si Jiming , Ni Ran , Liu Yuanhua , Wang Jing
Published: January 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a vital role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ZEB1-AS1 overexpression predicts a poor prognosis in osteosarcoma and colorectal cancers. In the current study, we determined the clinical significance and prognostic value of ZEB1-AS1 in patients with NSCLC. The expression of ZEB1-AS1 and inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID1) was measured using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell growth, migration, and invasion were determined using colony formation assays, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Tumor growth was determined with a xenograft model. ZEB1-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues compared with normal samples. ZEB1-AS1 overexpression was significantly associated with advanced tumor, lymph node, and metastases (TNM) stage and tumor size, as well as poorer overall survival. Moreover, ZEB1-AS1 knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that ZEB1-AS1 interacted with STAT3, thereby repressing ID1 expression. Furthermore, rescue experiments indicated that ZEB1-AS1 functioned as an oncogene partly by repressing ID1 in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that ZEB1-AS1 serves as a promising therapeutic target to predict the prognosis of NSCLC.
Distribution system versus bulk power system: identifying the source of electric service interruptions in the US
Authors: Eto Joseph H. , LaCommare Kristina H. , Caswell Heidemarie C. , Till David
Published: January 2019

This study reports on the results from efforts by the Institute of Electric and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Distribution Reliability Working Group (DRWG) and the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) to improve the usefulness of reliability metrics by developing and then applying consistent, yet distinct measures of the continuity of supply based on the portion of the electric power system from which power interruptions originate: the lower voltage distribution system versus the high‐voltage bulk power system. The modified metrics better support reliability planning in the US because they separately measure the effectiveness of actions to improve reliability made by the two distinct groups of firms (and their regulators or oversight bodies) that are responsible for planning and operating each portion of the US electric power system. The authors then present for the first time quantitative information on the reliability of each portion of the US electric power system. When reliability is measured using the system average interruption duration index and the system average interruption frequency index, they find that the distribution system accounts for at least 94 and 92%, respectively, of all interruptions. They also find that these relationships have been stable over the recent past.
Traffic flow estimation on the expressway network using toll ticket data
Authors: Zheng Kangning , Yao Enjian , Zhang Junyi , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: January 2019

Traffic flow estimation (TFE) is an important task for intelligent transportation systems, especially for expressway system in travel demand management, road conditions monitor etc. Traffic flow is usually detected by fixed sensors, which is neither practical nor economically feasible to cover all expressway component links. Additionally, the existing research usually ignores the effects of drivers’ dwell behaviours on TFE. To fill these gaps, this study proposes a TFE method based on toll ticket data (TTD) which records trip information, except the actual route. Meanwhile, dwell time, as a key component of drivers’ journeys, will be integrated into the proposed approach. In this study, a Gaussian mixture model for the origin–destination pairs with multiple alternative routes will be formulated. Moreover, expectation–maximisation algorithm is introduced to estimate link traffic flows and dwell time distributions simultaneously. By TTD collected from the Shandong Province Expressway in China, the proposed approach is calibrated and applied to TFE empirically. The results show that the proposed approach has a good performance on TFE with consideration of dwell time.
Modelling parallel SiC MOSFETs: thermal self‐stabilisation vs. switching imbalances
Authors: Bertelshofer Teresa , März Andreas , Bakran Mark‐M.
Published: January 2019

This article presents a numerical method in combination with a device simulation model used to analyse the parallel connection of several silicon carbide (SiC) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) dies. Parallel connection is necessary to achieve the desired current carrying capability of the main inverters for xEV‐drives. With this method, the effect of asymmetries within the chips’ parameters, especially the gate threshold voltage, is investigated. The investigation results quantify to what extent the positive temperature coefficient of the on‐state resistance can mitigate the overheating of one chip caused by switching loss imbalance. The results are used to define the necessary derating of the inverter output power so that no single chip is thermally overstressed.
Reduced device count version of single‐stage switched‐capacitor module for cascaded multilevel inverters
Authors: Bhatnagar Pallavee , Agrawal Rekha , Gupta Krishna Kumar
Published: January 2019

Switched capacitors are being increasingly employed in multilevel inverters for various applications. Of the new topologies that have been recently introduced, single‐stage switched‐capacitor module (S3CM) has gained a lot of attention. In this work, a modified version of S3CM is presented that leads to a significant reduction in a number of power switches, with a simultaneous reduction in total peak inverse voltage. The proposed topology can generate 9 voltage levels in symmetric configuration and 11 voltage levels in asymmetric configuration with two dc sources, two capacitors, and eight power switches. Moreover, for the higher voltage‐rated power switches in the structure, the switching losses are minimised by fundamental frequency operation of these switches. The operation and the performance of the proposed topology have been validated through simulation and experimental results of a single‐phase prototype with symmetric and asymmetric source configurations.
Real‐time neural sliding mode field oriented control for a DFIG‐based wind turbine under balanced and unbalanced grid conditions
Authors: Djilali Larbi , Sanchez Edgar N. , Belkheiri Mohammed
Published: January 2019

This study proposes a real‐time sliding mode field oriented control for a doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind turbine prototype connected to the grid. The proposed controller is used to track the desired direct current (DC) voltage reference at the output of the DC link, to maintain constant the grid power factor at the step‐up transformer terminals controlled by the grid side converter, and to force independently the stator active and reactive power to track desired values through the rotor currents controlled by the rotor side converter. This control scheme is based on a recurrent high‐order neural network (RHONN) identifier trained on‐line by an extended Kalman filter. The RHONN is used to approximate the DC link and the DFIG mathematical models. The adequate approximation helps to calculate the exact equivalent control part of the sliding mode controller and to eliminate the effects of disturbances and unknown dynamics appearing in the grid, which improves the robustness of the control scheme. This controller is experimentally validated on a 1/4 HP DFIG prototype and tested for variable wind speed to track a time‐varying power reference and to extract the maximum power from the wind, under both balanced and unbalanced grid conditions.
Path plan strategy of an underwater robot to approach a moving emitter while maximising sound intensity measurements
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: January 2019

This study handles a situation in which an underwater robot approaches a moving emitter while measuring the sound made by the emitter. Since radio waves are easily dissipated in underwater environments, sound is the main energy transferred from the emitter to the underwater robot. In order to chase the emitter while measuring the emitter's sound, it is desirable that the robot can measure the sound energy made by the emitter as much as possible. In this study, the robot's path is designed to maximise the emitter's sound measured by the robot as well as to minimise the time spent until encountering the emitter. The effectiveness of the proposed path plan approach is demonstrated utilising extensive simulations.
Design of multiple near‐orthogonal spectrally‐compliant waveforms via alternating successive convex approximations and projections
Authors: Cheeseman Alison , Adve Raviraj S.
Published: January 2019

The authors consider the design of multiple near‐orthogonal transmit waveforms for a high‐frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) system operating in a congested spectral environment where the radar must adhere to strict regulations on the interference it can cause to on‐going communication links. The HFSWR application necessitates multiple waveforms to increase the overall unambiguous radar range. Ideally, the waveforms would be constant amplitude, have low autocorrelation sidelobes, and low pulse‐to‐pulse cross‐correlations, all while meeting the imposed spectral constraints; however, it is impossible to know a priori that such waveforms exist. They propose an algorithm based on alternating successive convex approximations and projections to design waveforms with low pulse‐to‐pulse cross‐correlation which meet strict spectral and autocorrelation sidelobe constraints while minimising the amplitude modulation. In the simulation, the proposed algorithm is found to converge rapidly and when compared to similar methods from the recent literature, the proposed algorithm is found to generate waveforms with significantly lower peak‐to‐average power ratios and better pulse compression properties.
Green synthesised‐gold nanoparticles in photothermal therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Yee Foo Yiing , Saw Wen Shang , Periasamy Vengadesh , Chong Wu Yi , Abd Malek Sri Nurestri , Tayyab Saad
Published: January 2019

In this work, the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), synthesised using Curcuma mangga (CM) extract in photothermal killing of breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells is demonstrated. CM‐AuNPs showed higher photothermal heating efficiency compared to citrate‐AuNPs upon irradiation with a 532 nm laser. In addition, treatment of MCF‐7 cells with CM‐AuNPs coupled with laser irradiation for 120 s was found to significantly reduce (72%) the cell viability compared to about 13%, obtained with citrate‐AuNPs. Results from flow cytometry showed that the CM‐AuNP‐dependent photothermal‐induced MCF‐7 cells death was triggered mainly by apoptosis mechanism. All these results suggested the potential use of CM‐AuNPs as therapeutic agents in cancer therapy.
Variations sur le thème des podosomes, une affaire de contexte
Authors: Alonso Florian , Spuul Pirjo , Kramer IJsbrand , Génot Elisabeth
Published: January 2019

Les podosomes sont des microdomaines membranaires riches en actine, en interaction directe avec la matrice extracellulaire. Des câbles d’acto-myosine les assemblent en réseau pour former une superstructure cellulaire aux fonctions versatiles. Extensivement décrits in vitro, les podosomes se dessinent comme des acteurs majeurs de processus physiologiques spécifiques. Les détails de leur intervention in vivo restent à préciser. Le microenvironnement ayant un effet prépondérant dans l’acquisition de leurs caractéristiques morphologiques et fonctionnelles, leur rôle ne peut être abordé que dans un contexte cellulaire particulier. Nous nous focaliserons ici sur trois processus impliquant ces structures et discuterons les propriétés des podosomes exploitées dans ces situations.
Cancer du sein, obésité et tissu adipeux
Authors: Fallone Frédérique , Deudon Rémi , Muller Catherine , Vaysse Charlotte
Published: January 2019

L’obésité favorise l’apparition du cancer du sein chez les femmes ménopausées. Elle aggrave également le pronostic indépendamment du statut ménopausique. Après un résumé des données issues des études épidémiologiques, nous décrivons dans cette revue les mécanismes impliqués dans le dialogue délétère qui s’instaure entre les tumeurs et le tissu adipeux mammaire (TAM) situé à proximité. Même si d’autres pistes méritent d’être explorées, l’état sub-inflammatoire du TAM, qui apparaît en conditions d’obésité, pourrait en effet favoriser cet effet délétère. Nous discutons également de l’intérêt de la perte de poids dans la prévention primaire et la récidive du cancer du sein, une solution peut-être plus complexe qu’il n’y paraît.
Le virus de l’hépatite E
Authors: Ankavay Maliki , Dubuisson Jean , Cocquerel Laurence
Published: January 2019

La première cause d’hépatite aiguë dans le monde est due au virus de l’hépatite E (HEV). Cette infection virale a longtemps été considérée comme un problème touchant les pays en développement. Cependant, depuis l’identification de formes zoonotiques à la fin du siècle dernier, il est apparu que cette infection touche également les pays industrialisés. Le récent regain d’intérêt pour le HEV révèle des particularités de ce virus. Bien que considéré comme un virus non enveloppé, la particule virale du HEV est entourée d’une membrane lipidique dans la circulation sanguine où le virus produit en abondance des formes de sa protéine de capside qui ne sont pas associées à du matériel infectieux et qui pourraient servir de leurre immunologique. Cette revue résume les avancées récentes sur ce virus, dont le nombre de cas d’infection diagnostiqués augmente chaque année.
Light narrowing of cesium magnetic-resonance lines in a radio-frequency atomic magnetometer
Authors: Fu Yangying , Liu Xiaohu , Yuan Jie
Published: January 2019

The magnetic-resonance lines of alkali atoms are broadened considerably by the spin-exchange collisions for a radio-frequency magnetometer operating at high temperature. The resonance linewidths of cesium atoms are derived by solving the relaxation equations. When spin-exchange relaxation dominates, a light narrowing effect is predicted. For the cesium atomic radio-frequency magnetometer operates at high temperature, a remarkable narrowing of the cesium magnetic-resonance lines are observed by increasing the pump power. The Cs-Cs spin-exchange relaxation is partially suppressed by light narrowing. This study helps to expand the applications of radio-frequency magnetometers in the high-sensitivity radio-frequency magnetic-field detection.
Electronic band structure engineering in InAs/InSbAs and InSb/InSbAs superlattice heterostructures
Authors: Patra Atanu , Chakraborty Monodeep , Roy Anushree
Published: January 2019

We report a detailed ab initio study of two superlattice heterostructures, one component of which is a unit cell of CuPt ordered InSb0.5As0.5. This alloy part of the heterostructures is a topological semimetal. The other component of each system is a semiconductor, zincblende-InSb, and wurtzite-InAs. Both heterostructures are semiconductors. Our theoretical analysis predicts that the variation in the thickness of the InSb layer in InSb/InSb0.5As0.5 heterostructure renders altered bandgaps with different characteristics (i.e., direct or indirect). The study holds promise for fabricating heterostructures, in which the modulation of the thickness of the layers changes the number of carrier pockets in these systems.
Voltage-adjustable terahertz hyperbolic metamaterial based on graphene and doped silicon
Authors: Yan H. T. , Feng W. , Liu Zheng , Cao J. C.
Published: January 2019

We propose a special structure of the hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) in terahertz frequency range that is composed of graphene-dielectric multilayer fishnet and silicon-dielectric nanowire. The results based on the full-wave numerical simulation show that the proposed metamaterial can exhibit Type I or Type II hyperbolic behavior at some special frequency ranges and can also realize the optical topological transition by tuning the frequency or the bias voltage. The dynamical tunability of the permittivity with the applied voltage is analyzed at the specific frequencies of 2.8 THz and 4.5 THz. The geometry of the dispersion relation of the designed metamaterial can be mutually converted between the hyperbolic and elliptical geometry when the bias voltage changes. Moreover, the difference between the vacuum background and the proposed effective medium at different frequencies is also analyzed with the comparison of the corresponding isofrequency surfaces. The proposed metamaterial may be expected to provide many tunable facilities in the optical topological transitions and the field of THz technologies.
A novel method of low-dimensional representation for temporal behavior of flow fields using deep autoencoder
Authors: Omata Noriyasu , Shirayama Susumu
Published: January 2019

A method capable of comparing and analyzing the spatio-temporal structures of unsteady flow fields has not yet been established. Temporal analyses of unsteady flow fields are often done after the data of the fields are reduced to low-dimensional quantities such as forces acting on objects. Such an approach is disadvantageous as information about the flow field is lost. There are several data-driven low-dimensional representation methods that preserve the information of spatial structure; however, their use is limited due to their linearity. In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing the time series data of unsteady flow fields. We firstly propose a data-driven nonlinear low-dimensional representation method for unsteady flow fields that preserves its spatial structure; this method uses a convolutional autoencoder, which is a deep learning technique. In our proposed method, the spatio-temporal structure can be represented as a trajectory in a low-dimensional space using the visualization technique originally proposed for dynamic networks. We applied the proposed method to unsteady flows around a two-dimensional airfoil and demonstrated that it could briefly represents the changes in the spatial structure of the unsteady flow field over time. This method was demonstrated to also be able to visualize changes in the quasi-periodic state of the flow when the angle of attack of the airfoil was changed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this method is able to compare flow fields that are constructed using different conditions such as different Reynolds numbers and angles of attack.
Numerical modeling of three dimensional Brusselator reaction diffusion system
Authors: Ahmed Nauman , Rafiq M. , Rehman M. A. , Iqbal M. S. , Ali Mubasher
Published: January 2019

In many mathematical models, positivity is one of the attributes that must be possessed by the continuous systems. For instance, the unknown quantities in the Brusselator reaction-diffusion model represent the concentration of two reactant species. The negative values of concentration produced by any numerical methods is meaningless. This work is concerned with the investigation of a novel unconditionally positivity preserving finite difference (FD) scheme to be used for the solution of three dimensional Brusselator reaction-diffusion system. Von Neumann stability method and Taylor series expansion is applied to verify unconditional stability and consistency of the proposed FD scheme. Results are compared against well-known forward Euler FD scheme and some results reported in the literature.
Enumerating the population eligible for funded HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in New Zealand
Authors: Saxton Peter J. W. , McAllister Susan M.
Published: January 2019

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) became publicly funded in New Zealand (NZ) on 1 March 2018. PrEP could have a substantial population-level effect on HIV transmission if scaled up rapidly. An accurate estimate of the size of the PrEP-eligible population would guide implementation. Methods: We drew on nine sources to estimate the PrEP-eligible population, namely Statistics NZ data, Pharmaceutical Management Agency (PHARMAC) data on adults receiving funded antiretroviral treatment (ART), expert advice, estimates of the HIV care cascade, surveillance of undiagnosed HIV in a community sample of gay and bisexual men (GBM), surveillance of HIV diagnoses, NZ Health Survey data on sexual orientation among males, behavioural surveillance among GBM and behavioural data among people living with HIV (PLWH) from the HIV Futures NZ study. From these sources we derived three estimates relating to GBM, non-GBM and total eligible population. Sensitivity analyses examined different assumptions (GBM denominators, proportion PLWH diagnosed, proportion of diagnosed PLWH treated). Results: We estimated that 17.9% of sexually active HIV-negative GBM would be eligible for PrEP, equating to 5816 individuals. We estimated that 31 non-GBM individuals would be eligible for PrEP. Thus, in total, 5847 individuals would be eligible for PrEP, comprising 99.5% GBM and 0.5% non-GBM. Sensitivity analyses ranged from 3062 to 6718 individuals. Conclusions: Policy makers can use enumeration to monitor the speed and scale in coverage as implementation of publicly funded PrEP proceeds. Sexual health and primary care services can use enumeration to forecast PrEP demand and plan accordingly. Better quality data, especially on transgender adults in NZ, would improve the accuracy of estimates.
Article Commentary: Randomized Program Evaluation of the Veterans Health Administration Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation (STORM): A Research and Clinical Operations Partnership to Examine Effectiveness
Authors: Minegishi Taeko , Frakt Austin B. , Garrido Melissa M. , Gellad Walid F. , Hausmann Leslie R. M. , Lewis Eleanor T. , Pizer Steven D. , Trafton Jodie A. , Oliva Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2019

The United States is facing an opioid crisis in which overdose is the leading cause of injury death—misuse of opioids constitutes the vast majority of those deaths. In 2016 alone, over 42,000 people died from opioid overdose, an increase of 27% from the prior year. Deployment of the Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation (STORM), a clinical decision support tool to improve opioid safety, is one response by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to the opioid crisis. STORM identifies VHA patients at very high risk of opioid-related adverse events and lists potential risk mitigation strategies. Deployment of STORM also helps VHA meet certain requirements of the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act of 2016. In alignment with the VHA's learning health care system initiative, a multidisciplinary team designed a randomized evaluation of a policy approach to mandating case reviews of very-high-risk patients identified by STORM and the impacts of patient inclusion versus exclusion in mandated STORM case reviews using a stepped-wedge design. The STORM evaluation involves drafting the policy notice, shepherding it through the VHA approval process, and implementing the cluster randomized design. This mixed-methods evaluation includes (1) a qualitative assessment of medical center implementation strategies with the aim of understanding of how STORM is incorporated into practice, and (2) quantitative analyses of the relations between policy mandates and STORM inclusion on opioid-related adverse events. The findings from this synergistic research design will yield critical insights for VHA leadership to refine opioid prescribing-related policy and practice.
Interviewing Terrorism Suspects and Offenders with an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Al-Attar, PhD Zainab
Published: January 2019

Autistic individuals charged or convicted with terrorism offences face a range of unique challenges during a forensic interview, which are firstly borne out of their autistic functioning and secondly which are generated by the nuances of terrorist offences and the complex information commonly required by interviewers in relation to such offences and the pathways that led to them. To assist interviewers to understand the range of such challenges, a brief summary of the complexities of terrorist legislation in the UK is provided followed by an examination of seven facets of autism that may impact the interview style and content. The potential implications of each of the seven facets of autism for the terrorism interview will be highlighted, and a hypothetical case study will be presented to illustrate such implications. The medico-legal and ethical ramifications of making terrorism interviews responsive to the interviewee’s autistic functioning are considered throughout. Finally, recommendations are generated to guide forensic interviewers working with autistic terrorist suspects and offenders.