bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psb28 protein is indispensable for stable accumulation of PSII core complexes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Deng Linbin , Last Robert L. , Hua Wei , Liu Jun
Published: May 2024

Enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis represents a promising strategy to improve crop yields, with keeping the steady state of PSII being key to determining the photosynthetic performance. However, the mechanisms whereby the stability of PSII is maintained in oxygenic organisms remain to be explored. Here, we report that the Psb28 protein functions in regulating the homeostasis of PSII under different light conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. The psb28 mutant is much smaller than the wild‐type plants under normal growth light, which is due to its significantly reduced PSII activity. Similar defects were seen under low light and became more pronounced under photoinhibitory light. Notably, the amounts of PSII core complexes and core subunits are specifically decreased in psb28, whereas the abundance of other representative components of photosynthetic complexes remains largely unaltered. Although the PSII activity of psb28 was severely reduced when subjected to high light, its recovery from photoinactivation was not affected. By contrast, the degradation of PSII core protein subunits is dramatically accelerated in the presence of lincomycin. These results indicate that psb28 is defective in the photoprotection of PSII, which is consistent with the observation that the overall NPQ is much lower in psb28 compared to the wild type. Moreover, the Psb28 protein is associated with PSII core complexes and interacts mainly with the CP47 subunit of PSII core. Taken together, these findings reveal an important role for Psb28 in the protection and stabilization of PSII core in response to changes in light environments.
Completely bounded norms of k$k$‐positive maps
Authors: Aubrun Guillaume , Davidson Kenneth R. , Müller‐Hermes Alexander , Paulsen Vern I. , Rahaman Mizanur
Published: May 2024

Given an operator system , we define the parameters (resp. ) defined as the maximal value of the completely bounded norm of a unital ‐positive map from an arbitrary operator system into (resp. from into an arbitrary operator system). In the case of the matrix algebras , for , we compute the exact value and show upper and lower bounds on the parameters . Moreover, when is a finite‐dimensional operator system, adapting results of Passer and the fourth author [J. Operator Theory 85 (2021), no. 2, 547–568], we show that the sequence tends to 1 if and only if is exact and that the sequence tends to 1 if and only if has the lifting property.
Parafree graphs of groups with cyclic edge groups
Authors: Jaikin‐Zapirain Andrei , Morales Ismael
Published: May 2024

We establish a combination theorem for parafree groups. These groups were introduced by Baumslag in the sixties. One of the current motivations for a better understanding of their structure is that they show up naturally in connection with Remeslennikov's conjecture on the profinite rigidity of free groups. In this article, we determine when the fundamental group of a finite graph of groups with cyclic edge groups is parafree.
On absolutely friendly measures on QSd$\mathbb {Q}_S^d$
Authors: Datta Shreyasi , Liu Justin
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we extend the work of Pollington and Velani [Selecta Math. 11(2005)] to an ‐arithmetic set‐up, where is a finite set of valuations of . In particular, for an absolutely friendly measure supported on a compact set in , we give a summation condition on an approximating function such that almost no point in the compact set is approximable. The crucial ingredient is a version of the simplex lemma that we prove dynamically.
The Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Low Back Pain: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Mengjiao , Fan Cheng , Liu Hong , Chen Xiaolin , Gao Zhen , Zhao Xin , Zhou Jianhao , Jiang Zheng
Published: May 2024

Recommendations on the use of acupuncture in managing low back pain (LBP) vary across different guidelines. The methodological quality of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses on this topic also demonstrates considerable diversity, potentially leading to biased conclusions. Therefore, we comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases and conducted an umbrella review. Scrutiny was performed to ascertain whether primary studies within the systematic reviews and meta-analyses adhered to our inclusion criteria, followed by a meticulous reanalysis of pertinent data. Participant numbers, heterogeneity, publication bias, and excessive significance were taken into account when assessing the credibility of the evidence. For robustness, sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method. The results of the umbrella review yielded highly suggestive evidence in favor of the immediate and short-term analgesic effects of acupuncture, with suggestive evidence supporting intermediate-term analgesic effects. However, the effectiveness of acupuncture on disability improvement has demonstrated weak to suggestive evidence. Evidence supporting the enhancement of quality of life by acupuncture is limited. The leave-one-out analysis corroborated the robustness of the meta-analysis, further confirming the credibility of the findings. This umbrella review indicated that the most significant advantage of acupuncture for LBP is its capacity to reduce pain.
Searching maximally eight-qubit entangled states by using 8-tangle
Authors: Zha Xinwei
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we present a new method for searching maximally eight-qubit entangled states. Using 8-tangle and phase parameter orthogonal arrays, we can easily search maximally eight-qubit entangled states and obtain two new forms of maximally entangled eight-qubit states. We find that 8-tangle equaling zero is a necessary condition of maximally eight-qubit entangled states.
Search for Θ+ in KLp→K+n reaction in KLF at JLab
Authors: Amaryan Moskov J. , Hirama Shu , Jido Daisuke , Strakovsky Igor I.
Published: May 2024

The possibility of the existence of multiquark hadrons made of 4-quarks for mesons and 5-quarks for baryons was predicted by Gell-Mann [Phys. Lett. 8, 214 (1964)]. The renewed interest for the search for exotic pentaquark states was initiated by the paper by Diakonov, Petrov, and Polyakov [Z. Phys. A 359, 305 (1997)]. The 2003 experimental reports on the observation of [Formula: see text] pentaquark with [Formula: see text] quark content created a great excitement and many following experiments have reported its observation [K. H. Hicks, Eur. Phys. J. H 37, 1 (2012)]. After high-statistics experiments at JLab, which did not confirm previous claims by the CLAS collaboration, the community concluded that the [Formula: see text] pentaquark either does not exist at all or has an extremely small cross-section, making it currently unobserved. There were different review papers on this subject, questioning the existence of [Formula: see text] or trying to explain the reasons why reaching a conclusion based on production experiments is challenging [M. Amaryan, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 684 (2022)]. To address the challenge of minimal 3-body final states, a formation experiment with a projectile-kaon beam is proposed. In the following, we discuss how the [Formula: see text] could be observed in the [Formula: see text] reaction in the KLF experiment at JLab [M. Amaryan et al. [KLF Collaboration], arXiv:2008.08215 [nucl-ex]].
Studying the Upper Bounds of the Numbers of Zeros of Abelian Integrals by the Law of Polynomials
Authors: Hong Lijun , Liu Jinling , Hong Xiaochun
Published: May 2024

For the quadratic reversible systems of genus one, all of their periodic orbits are higher-order algebraic curves. When they are perturbed by polynomials of degree [Formula: see text], the numbers of zeros of their Abelian integrals will change and we study the upper bounds of these numbers by using the methods of Riccati equation and Picard–Fuchs equation. We consider both the highest and lowest degrees of polynomials, and more importantly, we consider the law of polynomials and the range of values for their variables. Consequently, some laws of the polynomials are discovered and many upper bounds are obtained, and these upper bounds are sharper than the results obtained by other techniques.
Democratic “Fall,” China’s Rise, and the Limits of Illiberal Realignment in East Asia
Authors: THOMPSON MARK R.
Published: May 2024

Like much of the rest of the world, East Asia (Northeast and Southeast Asia) has recently experienced a democratic “fall” in which several electoral democracies have undergone autocratization. This synchronized with China’s rise through what can be called illiberal realignment as autocratizing regimes in the region have sought increasing material and ideological support from Beijing in the face of Western human rights criticism and occasional (although usually only the threat of ) sanctions. China has viewed this regress as a rejection of “Western-style democracy.” Yet a democratic “spring” which preceded the fall left a legacy of democratic normativity in the region as backsliding regimes continued to seek legitimacy through (however unfair and unfree) elections and (partial) liberalization. Residual democratic normativity combined with geopolitical insecurities have limited the region’s illiberal realignment toward China during this democratic fall.
Communist China Today: Unstable Stability
Authors: SHAMBAUGH DAVID
Published: May 2024

This article examines and evaluates a variety of factors that characterize the PRC at the end of 2023–including elite politics and Xi Jinping’s position; a malaise that grips society; the “securitization” of almost all dimensions of policy; economic challenges and concerns; and the state of the CCP as a ruling Leninist party.
Heritage Iconographic Content Structuring: from Automatic Linking to Visual Validation
Authors: Blettery Emile , Gouet-Brunet ValéRie
Published: May 2024

This article presents a global framework dedicated to the structuring of iconographic heritage collections. To alleviate the poor interlinking both between collections and contents, a first step of automatic linking exploiting content-based image retrieval approaches is evaluated and adapted to the visual variability of such heritage contents. To ensure understanding and analysis of the contents in a structured fashion, a 3D immersive web platform is also introduced alongside visual-based analysis tools. Finally, by exploiting both automatic linking and manual interventions in the visualization platform, an iterative, semi-automatic structuring pipeline is proposed to solve difficult cases missed by automatic structuring, and then improve structuring optimally. Here, we demonstrate the potential of the proposal on the geographic iconographic heritage of Paris, with a dataset of 10k images belonging to several institutions, thus poorly connected nor organized globally.
Clinical Features and Analysis in Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome
Authors: Guo Qiuxuan , Zhao Jing , Yu Shuang
Published: May 2024

Objective. Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is characterized by the absence of pituitary stalk, pituitary hypoplasia, and ectopic posterior pituitary. Because the etiology and clinical cognition of PSIS remain elusive, we analyzed the clinical features of PSIS in Chinese patients. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical presentation, laboratory data, imaging examination, and management of 24 PSIS inpatients from our center over 10 years. Results. Among the 24 PSIS patients, there were 22 males (91.7%) and 2 females (8.3%). Growth hormone deficiency was present in all 24 cases (100%), hypogonadism in 24 cases (100%), secondary adrenal insufficiency in 22 cases (91.2%), and hypothyroidism in 21 cases (87.5%). 20 cases (83.3%) of PSIS patients exhibited deficiencies in four anterior pituitary hormones, 3 cases (12.5%) exhibited deficiencies in three anterior pituitary hormones, and 1 case (4.2%) exhibited deficiencies in two anterior pituitary hormones, with none exhibiting deficiencies in posterior pituitary hormones. Among the 24 PSIS patients, 12 had a history of growth hormone therapy before admission, and 12 had no such history. Additionally, 19 cases (79.2%) with PSIS were complicated by dyslipidemia, 15 cases (62.5%) were complicated by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and 9 cases (37.5%) were complicated by hyperuricemia. Conclusions. PSIS often presents with growth retardation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, but in some cases, short stature is not exhibited. PSIS is prone to complications such as dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hyperuricemia, increasing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In clinical practice, the diagnostic ability of PSIS should be improved, and pituitary function and complications should be evaluated in a timely manner to avoid delayed treatment.
Recognition Algorithm of AE Signal of Rock Fracture Based on Multiscale 1DCNN-BLSTM
Authors: Wang Weihua
Published: May 2024

Acoustic emission (AE) signals produced by different types of rocks have different characteristics of information. Determining the brittle mineral content of rock according to the acoustic emission characteristics of rock is helpful to understand the mechanical behavior of rock in field monitoring. This article constructs a deep learning algorithm model to identify acoustic emission signals released from rock fractures with different brittle mineral contents. In response to the interference characteristics of acoustic emission signal data, a multiscale one-dimensional convolutional neural network embedded with efficient channel attention (ECA) module was incorporated into the model, and multiscale convolutional kernels were used to extract features of different levels of precision. In the latter half of the model, the BLSTM network was incorporated to extract time series-related features, local spatial uncorrelated features, and weak periodic pattern features from the acoustic emission signal data. To solve the problem that the recognition accuracy of minority samples decreases, this study replaces ReLU activation function with SELU. The results show that the multiscale 1DCNN-BLSTM model embedded in ECA module has a good antinoise performance, and the recognition accuracy can reach over 90%. The discovery of this work provides a new idea for exploring the mechanism of rock mass instability.
Rectal Stricture Caused by a Rare Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Alnasarat Ahmad , Musa Rasheed , Makahleh Asaiel , Kloub Mohammad N.
Published: May 2024

Malignant rectal strictures are uncommon, but they may pose a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice. We report the case of an 85-year-old male with an initially puzzling presentation of abdominal distention and discomfort. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with a rectal stricture caused by a plasmacytoid variant of urothelial cell carcinoma originating from the bladder. This case emphasizes the necessity of considering unique etiologies when evaluating rectal strictures and the aggressive character of this type of urothelial carcinoma.
Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Coffee Husk and Brewery’s Spent Grain Fibers Using Alkali-Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment Method
Authors: Amensisa Yoobsan Ejeta , Demsash Hundessa Dessalegn , Tefera Muluken Eshetu
Published: May 2024

Coffee husk (CH) and brewery spent grain (BSG) fibers are sustainable industrial residues that consist of cellulose. The present study aimed at the extraction of cellulose from CH and BSG fibers and to study the effect of alkali-hydrogen peroxide (5% NaOH–7% H2O2) treatment during the extraction by characterizing the extracted cellulose. Characterization of cellulose particles, such as crystallinity, functional groups, thermal properties, and morphology, was conducted by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The finding shows that the maximum cellulose yields obtained from CH and BSG fibers are 37.3% and 26.5%, respectively. From the XRD results, the cellulose obtained from CH fiber (C-CH) and from BSG fiber (C-BSG) showed diffractive peaks with the highest intensity of approximately 1,003 and 1,236 counted at 2θ = 22°, respectively. A reduction in the absorption of peaks was observed on the FTIR spectrum for both C-BSG and C-CH samples at different wavelengths. SEM demonstrated that the surface roughness of the celluloses was enhanced. TGA showed that the maximum temperature decomposition observed for both C-CH and C-BSG is 360°C and 380°C, respectively. Generally, in this study, alkali-hydrogen peroxide (5% NaOH–7% H2O2) treatment was effectively used for the treatment of BSG and CH fibers for the extraction and surface modification of cellulose particles. The extracted cellulose in the present study can be used as an alternative to conventional cellulose for the manufacturing of biocomposite materials, preparation of particle boards and furniture, and production of food packaging materials.
Negative Effect of Soil Compaction and Investigation of Its Relation with Soil Physiochemical Properties in Mechanization Farming System
Authors: Seifu Woldeyohannis Yared
Published: May 2024

The primary source of soil compaction is weight bearing down on the soil, which occurs frequently on agricultural land due to foot movement, livestock tramples, or the heavy weight of farm equipment. The primary cause of significant soil compaction is the driving of heavy machinery over moist soils. In this paper, the negative side of soil compaction and its influence on soil physical and chemical characteristics at the Awash Melkassa farm field located in Ethiopia were investigated. Compaction of soil test was taken at three different depths which are 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm with the help of a hydraulically operated cone penetrometer integrated into the tractor. The three depths were expanded into 15 sample locations (designated as point A to point O) to collect 35 data points on soil compaction using a hydraulic-powered Spot-on digital soil cone penetrometer across a 0.6-hectare farmland area. A correlation analysis was conducted on the 15 sample points (A to O) to assess soil compaction in the field. In addition, soil samples were collected from specific farm locations at depths ranging from 0 to 10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm for subsequent physical and chemical tests in the laboratory. During the harvesting season, sample location A exhibited the highest soil compaction values, reaching 6,159 kPa, while the lowest values were observed at sample point F, measuring 327 kPa. For the seeding season, the sample point B showed the highest soil compaction values at 6,052 kPa, while the lowest values were recorded at sample point K, measuring 563 kPa. Moreover, the data indicates a consistent increase in soil compaction with depth during both experimental seasons. The laboratory test for soil texture revealed that the soil composition was classified as a clay loam, consisting of 36.7% sand, 30.3% clay, and 33% silt. The moisture content ranged from a high of 16.04% to a low of 13.97%. In addition, it was observed that total organic carbon, organic matter, and total nitrogen levels tend to rise with increased soil compaction, and conversely, decrease as soil compaction decreases. This study’s insights are invaluable for agricultural mechanization. Given the substantial weight of farm machinery, comprehending soil properties and their correlation with compaction rates is imperative for optimizing farming practices.
Combined Biologic and Surgical Interventions for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Issa Christopher J. , Hong Aubrey C. , Lio Peter A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent painful or suppurative lesions due to follicular occlusion. Biologics and other treatment modalities such as surgical excision are commonly used in the treatment of severe HS. However, despite the frequent use of biologics and surgical interventions in the treatment of patients with HS, an assessment of their combined effects is lacking. This systematic review aims to qualitatively analyze the efficacy of combined biologic and surgical treatment for HS. Methods. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, MedRxiv.org, and the International Clinical Trial Registry were searched from inception until May 1, 2023. Results. A total of 1,145 studies were screened, with eight studies included for data extraction. Patients receiving combined biologic and surgical treatment showed greater improvement in the severity measurements of HS, including HS Impact Assessment, HS Physician Global Assessment, HS Sartorius Score, International Hidradenitis Suppurative Severity Score, HS recurrence rate, and Dermatology Life Quality Index. However, three studies reported a prolongation of wound healing with combined biologic and surgical treatment. Conclusion. Our systematic review highlights the additive effects of using biologics and surgery together to treat HS compared to either treatment alone. However, when both treatment modalities are used simultaneously, the potential risk of prolonged wound healing must be considered. Due to the limited number and heterogeneity of the included studies, more clinical trials are needed to establish diagnostic conclusions.
Leveraging Color M-Mode to Diagnose Aorto-Atrial Fistula as a Complication of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Wahlberg Kramer J. , Kluge Matthew A. , Hopkins William E.
Published: May 2024

Aorto-atrial fistula is a rare and life-threatening complication of infective endocarditis, classically diagnosed by visualizing a connection between the aorta and atrium with associated continuous flow. A patient presented with bioprosthetic and native valve enterococcal endocarditis with multiple complications, including an aorto-atrial fistula that was diagnosed by color M-mode on transesophageal echocardiography. We review the features of aorto-atrial fistula and utilize this case to demonstrate how M-mode can be leveraged to provide improved temporal resolution in the setting of diagnostic uncertainty.
Comorbidities and Treatment Options for Acne Keloidalis Nuchae
Authors: Smart Kimberly , Rodriguez Ivan , Worswick Scott
Published: May 2024

Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) is a condition that involves chronic inflammation of the hair follicles on the occipital scalp and posterior neck that often progresses to keloid‐like plaques. AKN has most commonly been reported to affect postpubertal males of African descent. The cause of AKN has not been definitively described; however, it is likely an inflammatory response to trauma or infection of the scalp. AKN is associated with chronic scalp folliculitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, folliculitis decalvans, acne mechanica, keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans, cutis verticis gyrata, metabolic syndrome, acanthosis nigricans, and hypothyroidism. Treatment for AKN begins with topicals, antibiotics, and intralesional steroid injections. Refractory cases are treated with laser and surgery. Isotretinoin, cryotherapy, phototherapy, electrosection, and radiotherapy have also been effective in treating AKN but are less commonly used. In this review, we describe the existing understanding of AKN with a focus on comorbid conditions and available treatment options.
Esthetic Crown Lengthening and Minimally Invasive Laminate Veneers to Resolve Altered Passive Eruption
Authors: Ferreira Cimara Fortes , Magalhães Edival Barreto , Zini Barbara
Published: May 2024

Background. Altered passive eruption (APE) in the esthetic zone can be an esthetic concern to the patient. To restore adequate crown dimensions, crown lengthening procedures may be necessary. Methods. The present case is a report of a patient with an unsatisfied smile due to a complaint of short clinical crowns. The periodontal diagnosis was APE and deviated maxillary anterior midline. A mock‐up was made to assist the provider in evaluating the patient’s esthetic concerns and acceptance of the proposed treatment plan. Results. Esthetic crown lengthening and ultrathin ceramic laminate veneers were used to treat an APE type I subdivision B, resulting in a gingival display reduction and in final PES/WES scores of 10. Conclusion. The use of periodontal plastic surgery in conjunction with ultrathin ceramic laminate veneers was mandatory to restore an unesthetic smile. The proposed treatment reduced the gingival display significantly and increased the crown height to length proportions reaching an esthetic smile and patient satisfaction.
Long-Term Multiyear Transmission Expansion Planning in Turkish Power System
Authors: Ova Ahmet , Dogan Erdi , Demirbas Sevki
Published: May 2024

To sustain the clean energy transition without interruption and to ensure the reliable operation of the transmission system, it is required to have enough additional transmission capacity in the future horizons. The transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem is a core issue in deciding additional transmission capacity in the planning activities. TEP aims to find the best expansion plan while satisfying technical and economic constraints. In this study, a new binary version of the original FBI algorithm called the BFBI (binary forensic-based investigation) algorithm is developed to solve the binary TEP problem. The effectiveness and performance of the developed BFBI are assessed by implementing it in two different test systems: the standard Garver 6-bus test system and the modified 400 kV Turkish grid. Seasonal scenarios are created for 5- and 10-year planning periods to cover all possible generation and load conditions and to assess the impact of the increased share of RES on the grid in the TEP studies conducted for the modified 400 kV Turkish grid created as a bulk realistic grid. The TEP problem is solved by including investment, reliability, and operational costs in two different objective functions for cases while considering the N-1 contingency criterion. The efficacy and robustness of the BFBI algorithm are justified by comparing it with well-known algorithms such as GA and PSO.
Floristic diversity of mangroves and mangrove associate species of Kali River Estuary, Karwar, Karnataka, India
Authors: Hondappanavar Amruta G. , Bhat Shivanand S. , Praveen Kumar Verma
Published: May 2024

This study assessed the mangrove flora of the Kali River estuary, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka. Fourteen true mangrove species belonging to eight families and 11 genera were documented from four locations: Devbagh, Mavinhole, Kalimatha Island, and Halgejoog. The mangrove species show a discontinuous distribution pattern in the Kali River estuary. The highest IVI in true mangroves was recorded for Avicennia officinalis at Devbagh, Acanthus ilicifolius at Mavinhole, Sonneratia caseolaris (after Oryza coarctata) at Kalimatha Island, and S. caseolaris (after Derris trifoliata) at Halgejoog. Of the four sites, Devbagh has the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and with regard to species composition, Devbagh and Kalimatha Island are the most similar sites. Kalimatha island has the most well-preserved mangrove community.
Reproductive biology of Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) - an invasive tree species in the tropical forests of the Western Ghats, India
Authors: K. Muraleekrishnan  , Viswanath Sanal C. , Hrideek T.K.
Published: May 2024

Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby is an invasive tree species native to tropical America and is commonly found in the forest areas of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. Its aggressive growth rate and ability to quickly cover up open and degraded lands in forest ecosystems make it challenging to control its spread. Reproductive studies of S. spectabilis and its pollen-ovule ratio indicate this species is cross-pollinating. The species is self-compatible, owing to the simultaneous occurrence of xenogamy, geitonogamy and autogamy. This reproductive strategy helps the taxon to colonise degraded areas and invade the forest ecosystem. The anthesis is diurnal and sometimes asynchronous. Peak insect visitors were observed from 0900 h to 1230 h, with the major visitor being Tetragonula iridipennis. Xylocopa violaceae was also a regular visitor along with resident Formicidae members, such as Oecophylla smaragdina and Myrmicaria brunnae. They feed on the floral parts, like tender petals and sepals. The reproductive syndrome of this plant favours maximum fertilization.
Legumes (Angiosperm: Fabaceae) of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India
Authors: Shamim Alam  , Lokho Adani
Published: May 2024

The present paper deals with a comprehensive enumeration of leguminous taxa found in Birbhum District of West Bengal, India. We recorded 140 species, one subspecies, and two varieties, representing 82 genera from 24 tribes under four subfamilies, viz., Cercidoideae (6 species in 2 genera belonging to 1 tribe), Detarioideae (3 species in 3 genera belonging to 3 tribes), Caesalpinioideae (43 species in 24 genera belonging to 5 tribes), and Papilionoideae (91 taxa including 88 species, 1 subspecies and 2 varieties in 53 genera belonging to 15 tribes). Herbs (59 taxa) were the largest group, followed by trees (39), climbers (23), and shrubs (22). Crotalaria and Indigofera (7 species each) emerged as the dominant genera, followed by Senna (6) and Bauhinia and Senegalia with five species each. In this district, the legumes are represented under 24 tribes, of which the Phaseoleae is the largest comprising 24 taxa, followed by Desmodieae (16) and Cassieae (12). Regarding endemics, Indigofera prostrata exclusive to West Bengal is recorded from Birbhum District, while Grona brachystachya, Hardwickia binata, Pterocarpus marsupium, and P. santalinus are endemic to India.
Taxonomy and molecular systematics of marasmioid fungi (Basidiomycetes: Agaricales: Marasmiaceae) occurring in Puducherry, India
Authors: Krishnan Yuvarani , Thokur Sreepathy Murali  , Gunasekaran Senthilarasu  , Kumaresan Vadivelu
Published: May 2024

In this study, five species of Marasmius namely, M. bambusiniformis, M. haematocephalus, M. leveilleanus, M. midnapurensis, and M rotalis, plus Paramarasmius palmivorus are described, based on morphotaxonomic and molecular characters. Sequence data from internal transcribed spacers were used for phylogenetic analyses of the six species, supporting their identification based on macro and micromorphological characters. All of these species are reported for the first time from Puducherry region.
New record of Giant Redeye Gangara thyrsis thyrsis (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Garhwal region of western Himalaya, India
Authors: Sajwan Ankita Singh , Arun Pratap Singh
Published: May 2024

Gangara thyrsis thyrsis (Fabricius,1775) has distribution extending in peninsular India from Maharashtra to Kerala; Andhra Pradesh, and in northeastern India from West Bengal to Sikkim & Arunachal Pradesh. In north-western India it has been reported from Delhi & Kangra in Himachal Pradesh and also from Andaman & Nicobar Islands. In the current observation, the occurrence of G. t. thyrsis was recorded from New Forest Campus of Forest Research Institute, Dehradun which is the first known authentic record from the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India.
Diet of Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai, India
Authors: Mukherjee Shomita , Gawari Arati Ramdas , Pillai Kartik , Koparde Pankaj , Karunakaran P.V. , Khanolkar Nayan
Published: May 2024

The 103.68 km2 Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP), Mumbai, exists amidst human densities that figure among the highest in the world. The rich biodiversity of SGNP includes the Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus, endemic to India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, and categorised as ‘Near Threatened’ on the IUCN Red List. Little is known about its ecology and the dynamics of its coexistence with the other small carnivores in SGNP. We conducted a study with citizen volunteers to explore the diet of the Rusty-spotted Cat and other sympatric small carnivores in SGNP and in the adjoining human-dominated areas of Yeur village, Shivaji Nagar, Dahisar Quarry, and Aarey Milk Colony. After initial training, the volunteers collected scat samples from all forest ranges in SGNP and the surrounding areas outside, following defined protocols. Seventy-eight scat samples were analysed for species assignments using standardised molecular techniques, felid-specific primers, and DNA sequencing, and 24 were identified as of the Rusty-spotted Cat. The contents of the samples were examined under a microscope to identify prey remains. Results were presented as the mean number of scat samples containing remains of specific taxa with 95% Confidence Intervals. Diet estimated from 22 Rusty-spotted Cat scat samples and 52 samples of other small carnivores revealed rodents to be the major prey of the entire group. However, a higher proportion of Rusty-spotted Cat scat samples had remains of rodents (95%) and reptiles (6%) as compared to samples of other small carnivores, i.e., 79% with rodent remains and none with remains of reptiles. On the other hand, a lower proportion of Rusty-spotted Cat scat samples had remains of insects (14%), plant matter (9%), and birds (5%) than samples of other small carnivores (40% plant matter, 38% insects, 17% birds). Our results highlight the role of small carnivores, especially Rusty-spotted Cat in regulatory services through pest control.
New country record of Trimeresurus uetzi Vogel, Nguyen & David, 2023 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) from India
Authors: Biakzuala Lal , Muansanga Lal , Malsawmdawngliana Fanai , Lalrinnunga Hmar  , Lalremsanga Hmar Tlawmte
Published: May 2024

We report the occurrence of Trimeresurus uetzi in Mizoram, northeastern India, which was recently described from Myanmar. We established the identity of the specimen based on morphological characters according to the original description of the species. This report represents a new country record of the species from India as well as a range extension of the species northwestward from the known records in Myanmar.
Post-tsunami status, distribution, and way forward for the conservation of Andaman Teal Anas albogularis Hume, 1873 (Aves: Anatidae) in the Andaman Islands
Authors: Singh Anoop Raj , Sirola Gaurav , Kumar Sipu , Prabakaran Nehru
Published: May 2024

Historically, Andaman Teal Anas albogularis have been primarily found in South Andaman. However, the land uplifts and subsidence resulting from the 2004 tsunami and the earthquake have created new wetlands across the island. These wetlands became suitable habitats for the Andaman Teal, leading to population expansion within South Andaman and a range shift to North Andaman.
Traditional harvesting practices employed for freshwater turtles by the indigenous communities along Shilabati River, West Bengal, India
Authors: Prasun Mandal  , Jana Pathik Kumar , Mallick Priyanka Halder , Singh Shailendra , Bhattacharya Tanmay
Published: May 2024

A survey was conducted through semi-structured interviews, involving 38 local fishermen of three villages in the Gangani region along Shilabati River in West Bengal, India. The survey revealed that three threatened species of turtles—Nilssonia gangetica, Nilssonia hurum, and Lissemys punctata—were clandestinely harvested by the riverine communities. These species are also being documented for the first time from this area, popularly called Jangal Mahal. N. gangetica was the most commonly harvested species, followed by L. punctata and N. hurum, mostly for consumption, local sale, and as traditional medicine. The most frequently used method for capturing turtles was the ‘multiple hook bait’; exclusively practiced by adult males of the fisher community, usually belonging to the age group 21–40 years, between February and June. The study indicated that the respondents knew that harvesting of turtles was clandestine, yet they continued to do so as their traditional right, as they believed minor catches will not harm local turtle populations. It is assumed that N. hurum, which is an endangered species, is already rare and on the brink of local extinction, whereas other two species are coping with the harvest in the specialized riparian habitat and adjacent ponds. In this study the harvesting of threatened turtle species was ardently associated with the socio-cultural customs rather than an economic compulsion but to check rising threat to these species, the uncontrolled harvest needs to be addressed urgently as a high priority conservation issue. This requires further explorations on the ecology of turtles, initiatives by enforcement agencies, and utilizing the inherent knowledge of indigenous people.
Evaluating the Accuracy, Comprehensiveness, and Validity of ChatGPT Compared to Evidence-Based Sources Regarding Common Surgical Conditions: Surgeons’ Perspectives
Authors: Nasef Hazem , Patel Heli , Amin Quratulain , Baum Samuel , Ratnasekera Asanthi , Ang Darwin , Havron William S , Nakayama Don , Elkbuli Adel
Published: May 2024

Background

This study aims to assess the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and validity of ChatGPT compared to evidence-based sources regarding the diagnosis and management of common surgical conditions by surveying the perceptions of U.S. board-certified practicing surgeons.

Methods

An anonymous cross-sectional survey was distributed to U.S. practicing surgeons from June 2023 to March 2024. The survey comprised 94 multiple-choice questions evaluating diagnostic and management information for five common surgical conditions from evidence-based sources or generated by ChatGPT. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests.

Results

Participating surgeons were primarily aged 40-50 years (43%), male (86%), White (57%), and had 5-10 years or >15 years of experience (86%). The majority of surgeons had no prior experience with ChatGPT in surgical practice (86%). For material discussing both acute cholecystitis and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, evidence-based sources were rated as significantly more comprehensive (3.57 (±.535) vs 2.00 (±1.16), P = .025) (4.14 (±.69) vs 2.43 (±.98), P < .001) and valid (3.71 (±.488) vs 2.86 (±1.07), P = .045) (3.71 (±.76) vs 2.71 (±.95) P = .038) than ChatGPT. However, there was no significant difference in accuracy between the two sources (3.71 vs 3.29, P = .289) (3.57 vs 2.71, P = .111).

Conclusion

Surveyed U.S. board-certified practicing surgeons rated evidence-based sources as significantly more comprehensive and valid compared to ChatGPT across the majority of surveyed surgical conditions. However, there was no significant difference in accuracy between the sources across the majority of surveyed conditions. While ChatGPT may offer potential benefits in surgical practice, further refinement and validation are necessary to enhance its utility and acceptance among surgeons.
Tribological properties of self-lubricating fabric linings prepared with GO-modified basalt fiber
Authors: Bai Tao , Du Yuzhuo , Wang Zanjin
Published: May 2024

The wear resistance and friction reduction of the fabric liner are important for the service life of self-lubricating spherical plain bearings. Basalt fiber was subjected to chemical modification by grafting graphene oxide onto its surface, resulting in the preparation of GO@BF. Polytetrafluoroethylene/basalt fiber and polytetrafluoroethylene/GO@BF fabric liners were prepared, and the tribological properties were investigated. The friction regions of fabric liners were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the friction and wear mechanisms were analyzed. The results show that the addition of graphene oxide can effectively improve the friction reduction and abrasion resistance of the fabric liner. During the friction process, graphene oxide and polytetrafluoroethylene transfer film form a synergistic lubrication mechanism, which effectively reduces the formation of abrasive particles on the friction surface, and improves the tribological performance of the fabric liner.
Measurement and evaluation of down jacket fabrics by tactile, visual and auditory sense
Authors: Tian Yuan , Du Zhaoqun , Zheng Dongming , Zou Haochen
Published: May 2024

Twenty down jacket fabrics underwent a subjective multisensory evaluation, including tactile, visual, and auditory aspects, and the subjective and objective style evaluation results were compared and analyzed. The subjective style evaluation of down jacket fabrics was divided into comprehensive sensory evaluation and pure sensory evaluation. Pure sensory evaluation included three ways: pure vision, pure touch, and pure hearing. The comprehensive sensory evaluation was to combine the three to evaluate the fabric. The results showed that the pure sensory evaluation results were not much different from the comprehensive sensory evaluation results, and the correlation was strong. In general, the results of the pure tactile test were more consistent with the results of the comprehensive sensory test. The subjective comprehensive sensory evaluation results had a high linear correlation with the calculation results of the objective comprehensive handle evaluation model, and were negatively correlated. The smaller the calculated value of the model, the better the comprehensive handle of the fabric. It also proved the rationality and validity of the objective model, and the feasibility of the CHES-FY textile handle style evaluation instrument to evaluate the handle of down jacket fabrics.
Loss of white matter integrity mediates the association between cortical cerebral microinfarcts and cognitive dysfunction: A longitudinal study
Authors: Huang Jiannan , Oh Megan , Robert Caroline , Huang Xiangyuan , Egle Marco , Tozer Daniel J , Chen Christopher , Hilal Saima
Published: May 2024

Cortical cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) are associated with loss of white matter (WM) integrity and cognitive impairment in cross-sectional studies, while further investigation using longitudinal datasets is required. This study aims to establish the association between cortical CMIs and WM integrity assessed by diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) measures and to investigate whether DTI measures mediate the relationship between cortical CMIs and cognitive decline. Cortical CMIs were graded on 3T MRI. DTI measures were derived from histogram analysis of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Cognitive function was assessed using a neuropsychological test battery. Linear mixed-effect models were employed to examine associations of cortical CMIs with longitudinal changes in DTI measures and cognitive function. Final analysis included 231 patients (71.14 ± 7.60 years). Presence of cortical CMIs at baseline was associated with longitudinal changes in MD median and peak height and FA median and peak height, as well as global cognition (β = −0.50, 95%CI: −0.91, −0.09) and executive function (β = −0.77, 95%CI: −1.25, −0.28). MD median mediated the cross-sectional association between cortical CMIs and global cognition. Further studies are required to investigate whether cortical CMIs and loss of WM integrity are causally related or if they are parallel mechanisms that contribute to cognitive decline.
Case reports: Could sexual dysfunction in women with migraine be a side effect of CGRP inhibition?
Authors: Al-Hassany Linda , Boucherie Deirdre M. , Couturier Emile G.M. , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette
Published: May 2024

Background

The development and approval of antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor mark a revolutionary era for preventive migraine treatment. Real-world evidence sheds light on rare, stigmatized or overlooked side effects of these drugs. One of these potential side effects is sexual dysfunction.

Case reports

We present two cases of one 42-year-old and one 45-year-old female patient with chronic migraine who both reported sexual dysfunction as a possible side effect of treatment with galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide.

Discussion

As calcitonin gene-related peptide is involved in vaginal lubrication as well as genital sensation and swelling, inhibiting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway may lead to sexual dysfunction as a potential side effect.

Conclusion

Sexual dysfunction in female migraine patients might be a rare and overlooked side effect of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway. Considering the discomfort and stigma surrounding both migraine and sexual dysfunction, we advocate for an open attitude and awareness among clinicians toward such side effects.
Syphilis
Authors: Morgan Dr Elizabeth , Morgan Dr Victoria
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of syphilis is rising. Recognition and treatment is crucial in avoiding potentially life-threatening complications and disease transmission. It should, therefore, be considered when investigating common presenting complaints such as skin lesions, flu-like symptoms and memory issues. This article aims to aid GPs in appreciating the signs and symptoms of syphilis in its different stages and in initiating appropriate referrals.
The burdens attributable to primary headache disorders in children and adolescents in Iran: estimates from a schools-based study
Authors: Togha Mansoureh , Rafiee Pegah , Haghdoost Faraidoon , Rafie Shahram , Paknejad Seyed Mohammad Hasan , Amouian Sepideh , Şaşmaz Tayyar , Kale Derya , Uluduz Derya , Steiner Timothy J.
Published: May 2024

Background

We recently found headache disorders to be highly prevalent among children (aged 6–11 years) and adolescents (aged 12–17) in Iran (gender- and age-adjusted 1-year prevalences: migraine 25.2%, tension-type headache 12.7%, undifferentiated headache [UdH] 22.1%, probable medication-overuse headache [pMOH] 1.1%, other headache on ≥ 15 days/month [H15+] 3.0%). Here we report on the headache-attributed burden, taking evidence from the same study.

Methods

In a cross-sectional survey, following the generic protocol for the global schools-based study led by the Global Campaign against Headache, we administered the child and adolescent versions of the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) structured questionnaire in 121 schools, purposively selected to reflect the country’s diversities. Pupils self-completed these in class, under supervision. Headache diagnostic questions were based on ICHD-3 criteria but for the inclusion of UdH (defined as mild headache with usual duration < 1 h). Burden enquiry was across multiple domains.

Results

The analysed sample (N = 3,244) included 1,308 (40.3%) children and 1,936 (59.7%) adolescents (1,531 [47.2%] male, 1,713 [52.8%] female). The non-participating proportion was 3.4%. Mean headache frequency was 3.9 days/4 weeks, and mean duration 1.8 h. Estimated mean proportion of time in ictal state was 1.1% (1.4% for migraine, 16.5% for pMOH). Symptomatic medication was consumed on a mean of 1.6 days/4 weeks. Lost school time averaged 0.4 days/4 weeks overall (2%, assuming a 5-day week), but was eleven-fold higher (4.3 days; 22%) for pMOH. For most headache types, days of reported limited activity were several-fold more than days lost from school (45% for pMOH, 25% for other H15+). Almost one in 12 parents (7.9%) missed work at least once in 4 weeks because of their son’s or daughter’s headache. Emotional impact and quality-of-life scores reflected these measures of burden.

Conclusions

Headache, common in children and adolescents in Iran, is associated with symptom burdens that may be onerous for some but not for most. However, there are substantial consequential burdens, particularly for the 1.1% with pMOH and the 3.0% with other H15+, who suffer educational disturbances and potentially major life impairments. These findings are of importance to educational and health policies in Iran.