bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 35 mm Microfilm Compilation of Collected Analog Geophysical Data For AGC Cruise No. 83039, Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia
Authors: Sherin A G , Hardy I A , Merchant S , Beaver D E , Holt D , Cash M
Published: December 2011

The Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) has investigated several methods ofreleasing to the public sector its massive collection (of over 150,000 lineal metres) of underway geophysical records collected since 1963. The
investigations and testing conducted by the Program Support Group, AGC in collaboration with the Public Archives of Canada indicated that the most cost-effective technique for distribution and for archiving such large volumes of irreplaceable data was to use microfilm. To maintain the continuous
nature of these records which - can be up to 30 metres in length, special equipment was required such as the Tameran 6000 continuous flow microfilm camera manufactured by Tameran Ltd. of Chagrin Falls, Ohio. All conversion of AGC's geophysical records using this camera was contracted to Manas Media
Ltd. of Ottawa, in consortium with Precision Microfilming Services of Halifax and Archimed Ltd. of Montreal. Operational filming began at the end of March 1987. A series of AGC cruise data will be released in 35 mm microfilm and distributed as Geological Survey of Canada Open File reports during
1988. Master microfilm is curated for each AGC cruise at the National Archives, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia with duplicates available for viewing at the Data Management Section (PSS), Atlantic Geoscience Centre and at the Geological Survey of Canada libraries in Ottawa, Calgary and
Vancouver.
A 35 mm Microfilm Compilation of Collected Analog Geophysical Data For AGC Cruise No. 82018, Northwest Atlantic: East Bermuda Rise and Southern/Northern Nares Abyssal Plain
Authors: Sherin A G , Hardy I A , Merchant S , Beaver D E , Holt D , Cash M
Published: December 2011

The Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) has investigated several methods ofreleasing to the public sector its massive collection (of over 150,000 lineal metres) of underway geophysical records collected since 1963. The
investigations and testing conducted by the Program Support Group, AGC in collaboration with the Public Archives of Canada indicated that the most cost-effective technique for distribution and for archiving such large volumes of irreplaceable data was to use microfilm. To maintain the continuous
nature of these records which - can be up to 30 metres in length, special equipment was required such as the Tameran 6000 continuous flow microfilm camera manufactured by Tameran Ltd. of Chagrin Falls, Ohio. All conversion of AGC's geophysical records using this camera was contracted to Manas Media
Ltd. of Ottawa, in consortium with Precision Microfilming Services of Halifax and Archimed Ltd. of Montreal. Operational filming began at the end of March 1987. A series of AGC cruise data will be released in 35 mm microfilm and distributed as Geological Survey of Canada Open File reports during
1988. Master microfilm is curated for each AGC cruise at the National Archives, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia with duplicates available for viewing at the Data Management Section (PSS), Atlantic Geoscience Centre and at the Geological Survey of Canada libraries in Ottawa, Calgary and
Vancouver.
Exceptional modular form of weight 4 on an exceptional domain contained in $\mathbb C^27$
Authors: Kim Henry H.
Published: December 2011

Resnikoff [12] proved that weights of a non trivial singular modular form should be integral multiples of 1/2, 1, 2, 4 for the Siegel, Hermitian, quaternion and exceptional cases, respectively. The

\theta

-functions in the Siegel, Hermitian and quaternion cases provide examples of singular modular forms (Krieg [10]). Shimura [15] obtained a modular form of half-integral weight by analytically continuing an Eisenstein series. Bump and Baily suggested the possibility of applying an analogue of Shimura's method to obtain singular modular forms, i. e. modular forms of weight 4 and 8, on the exceptional domain of 3 x 3 hermitian matrices over Cayley numbers. The idea is to use Fourier expansion of a non-holomorphic Eisenstein series defined by using the factor of automorphy as in Karel [7]. The Fourier coefficients are the product of confluent hypergeometric functions as in Nagaoka [11] and certain singular series which we calculate by the method of Karel [6]. In this note we describe a modular form of weight 4 which may be viewed as an analogue of a

\theta

zero-value and as an application, we consider its Mellin transform and prove a functional equation of the Eisenstein series which is a Nagaoka's conjecture (Nagaoka [11]).
Ondelettes generalisées et fonctions d'échelle à support compact
Authors: Lemarié-Rieusset Pierre Gilles
Published: December 2011

We show that to any multi-resolution analysis of

L^2 (\mathbb R)

with multiplicity

d

, dilation factor

A

(where

A

is an integer ≥ 2) and with compactly supported scaling functions we may associate compactly supported wavelets. Conversely, if

\psi_{\epsilon, j, k} = A^{j/2}\psi_\epsilon (A^jx–k)), 1 ≤ \epsilon ≤ E, j, k \in \mathbb Z

is a Hilbertian basis of

L^2 (\mathbb R)

with continuous compactly supported mother functions

\psi_\epsilon

, then it is provided by a multi-resolution analysis with dilation factor

A

, multiplicity

d = E/(A–1)

and with compactly supported scaling functions (which have the same regularity as the wavelets

\psi_\epsilon

). Those results can be extended to the cases of exponentially localized functions and of biorthogonal wavelets.
Sur les mesures de Wigner
Authors: Lions Pierre-Louis , Paul Thierry
Published: December 2011

We study the properties of the Wigner transform for arbitrary functions in

L^2

for hermitian kernels like the so-called density matrices. And we introduce some limits of these transforms for sequences of functions in

L^2

, limits that correspond to the semi-classical limit in Quantum Mechanics. The measures we obtain in this way, that we call Wigner measures, have various mathematical properties that we establish. In particular, we prove they satisfy, in linear situations (Schrödinger equations) or nonlinear ones (time-dependent Hartree equations), transport equations of Liouville or Vlasov type.
Physical Characteristics Related to Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors: Comparison of Hispanics and Navajo, Acoma and Laguna Indians in New Mexico
Authors: Heyward Vivian H. , Harris Mary B.
Published: December 2011

The Checkerboard Cardiovascular Curriculum (CCC) project was designed to develop a culturally-oriented educational program for reducing coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in rural American Indians and Hispanics in the state of New Mexico. Because so little information is available on children from these ethnic groups, the purposes of this paper are: 1) to describe and compare some physical characteristics of Hispanics and Navajo, Laguna and Acoma Indians which are associated with CHD risk factors; and 2) to assess the short-term effectiveness of the CCC in altering these CHD risk factors.

Body weight, height, blood pressure, one mile walk/run data, and triceps, subscapula, and calf skinfold thicknesses were collected for 97 boys and 79 girls from the four ethnic groups. Results of analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age, indicated ethnic differences for all dependent variables. The average body mass index of all Indian children exceeded the median values reported in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-II). The average sum of the triceps and subscapula skinfolds of the children from all ethnic groups failed to meet acceptable standards established by The National Children and Youth Fitness Study (NCYFS). The results of the CCC project suggest that these children are in need of health promotion and physical fitness programs that emphasize obesity and cardiovascular fitness and provide for ethnic and cultural differences.
A Survey of Health Promotion Programs in U.S. and Canadian Medical Schools
Authors: Wolf Thomas M. , Randall Howard M. , Faucett John M.
Published: December 2011

A health promotion and wellness survey questionnaire was sent to all 143 accredited medical schools in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. Of the 120 responding schools, 29 (24.2%) offer health promotion programs and 91 (75.8%) do not; most programs began only recently (average 5.42 years). Nineteen schools plan to begin programs soon. Most emphasized in the programs is physical well-being and least emphasized is spiritual well-being. Over 50% of the schools offer these components: study skills (62.1%), support groups (62.1%), time management (58.6%), aerobics (55.2%), intramural sports (55.2%), and financial planning (51.7%). Most programs are administered by the Dean of Student Affairs, 48.3% have a budget, and 51.7% have an evaluation component. All schools with programs expressed an interest in developing a network to share information. Emphasizing health promotion and disease prevention throughout medical education is important, particularly as an approach to enhancing the doctor-patient relationship.
Health Promotion in Medical Education
Authors: Jonas Steven
Published: December 2011

A significant portion of the deaths in the United States could have been prevented or postponed using known interventions. One reason this did not occur is because medical science and medical education are disease, not health, oriented. Since physicians are at the center of the health care delivery system, their disease orientation pervades the industry. Historically, there have been calls for physicians to focus more on disease prevention; however, medical education does not teach disease prevention/health promotion.

There are several reasons for this: 1) medical school faculty conceptual discordance between “certainty” of curative disease vs. the “probability” of risk factor reduction; 2) gaps in the knowledge of effective interventions; 3) the concept that health promotion/disease prevention are outside the province of physicians; 4) the significant role of biomedical research grants on medical school funding; 5) the close association of medical education and the acute care hospital; and 6) the use of rote memory/lecture based teaching methods of traditional medicine vs. the problem-based learning necessary to teach disease prevention/health promotion.

Some medical schools have begun to use problem based learning and to introduce health promotion concepts. Widespread and long-lasting change requires support of the leadership in medical schools and the preventive medicine/public health community, and grant funding from state and federal sources to support research on medical education research and change.
Problems in the Evaluation of Occupational Health Promotion Programs: A Case Analysis
Authors: Smith Kenneth J. , Everly George S.
Published: December 2011

This study investigates, in a case study setting, whether participation in the Kimberly-Clark Corporation Health and Weight Loss Program can be associated with reduced participant health care claims. A pretest, post-test comparison group research design is utilized to ascertain whether there have been any measurable health care cost savings for participants versus their non-participating matched employee counterparts. The significance of any measured differences is then tested through analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. In addition, results are reported from tests designed to assess whether any specific employee sub-populations appeared to differentially benefit from program participants in terms of reduced health care cost incurrence. Finally, tests are run to provide further assurance that those potential test subjects who were excluded from the final sample did not systematically differ from the final sample subjects.

This paper also illustrates, with references to the present study, the difficulties of adapting behavioral and social science research techniques to actual occupational health promotion settings.
Reducing Cancer Risk with Vitamins C, E, and Selenium
Authors: Wallace Cindy L. , Watson Ronald Ross , Watson Anita Ann
Published: December 2011

Current research has provided evidence that nearly 90 percent of all cancers may be related to diet, environment, and lifestyle. Of this number, 30 to 40 percent of cancers in men and up to 60 percent of cancers in women may be related to diet and nutrition. The two-stage process in the formation of many cancers, defined as initiation and promotion, is influenced by many dietary components. Vitamins C, E, and the mineral selenium are nutrients that function as antioxidants, reducing potential cancer-causing chemicals in the body. These natural anticarcinogens are thought to alter the cancer process and are currently under study for their cancer prevention properties. The functions, Recommended Dietary Allowances, food sources, research evidence for cancer prevention, and recommendations for supplementation are presented for these three nutrients. Research suggests that the proper and prudent use of nutrients, along with a healthy diet and lifestyle, may offer protection against this devastating disease.
Validity of a Children's Health Locus of Control Measure: A “Heart Smart” Study
Authors: Thompson Bruce , Webber Larry , Berenson Gerald S.
Published: December 2011

Questionnaires used in health promotion programs are too rarely subjected to tests of reliability and validity prior to their use. Without such tests, any information gathered must be suspect. The complexity of such tests is illustrated by the investigation of the validity of a revised version of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales. Confirmatory maximum-likelihood factor analysis was used to analyze data from 519 elementary school students. The concurrent validity of the revised MHLC was also evaluated by conducting an interbattery factor analysis that included data from selected “marker” items from the measure developed by Parcel and his colleagues. The results supported the validity of the revised MLHC Scales when used with children.
A Randomized Trial of Physician Training for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Lindsay Elizabeth A. , Wilson Douglas M. , Best J. Allan , Willms Dennis G. , Singer Joel , Gilbert J. Raymond , Taylor D. Wayne
Published: December 2011

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a smoking cessation workshop on physician practices and on patients' smoking behavior. Eighty-three community family physicians were randomly allocated by practice to either 1) a Usual Care condition, 2) a group in which physicians were not trained but were asked to address smoking cessation with specific patients, or 3) a condition which included physician training as well as printed resources and in which specific patients were identified as smokers. The intervention taught to the physicians through a four hour training workshop included providing advice about stopping smoking, the setting of a date for stopping, the offer of nicotine gum, take-home materials, and the offer of follow-up visits. The intervention was described, demonstrated, and the physicians practiced with simulated patients.

The outcome of the intervention was assessed in terms of physician behavior and patient smoking behavior. Exit interviews with patients demonstrated that patients of trained physicians did not differ from patients of untrained physicians on how willing they were to try to stop smoking nor on their receptiveness to nicotine gum. However, there was a small but statistically significant difference favoring the patients from the trained physician group who successfully stopped smoking.
A Preliminary Study on the Timeliness of Ambulatory Care Utilization following Medical Self-Care Interventions
Authors: Vickery Donald M. , Golaszewski Thomas J. , Wright Elizabeth C. , Kalmer Howard
Published: December 2011

A sub-sample, from a large prospective study examining the effects on utilization from the introduction of medical self-care materials, was followed to determine the timeliness of that utilization. Judgments on early, on time, or late visits, by patients, providers, and algorithms showed agreement for experimentals (n = 203) but not controls (n = 56). Comparisons on the rates of judged early, on time, and late visits differed between groups (by the physician and algorithm comparison), and further differed when comparing late only visits (by the algorithm comparison). The experimentals demonstrated a trend to delay care seeking though no adverse effect on health was identified when comparing subsequent illness days and hospitalizations. Medical self-care can reduce utilization and improve patients' ability to judge visit timeliness. Apparent trends to increase late visits may be an artifact of conservative judgments rendered by medical opinion.
Health Locus of Control and Participation in Physical Activity
Authors: Carlson B. Robert , Petti Kevin
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical activity participation patterns of college students when defined by their Health Locus of Control orientation. One thousand thirty-three college-aged students completed the Wellness Activity Profile, a questionnaire that yielded data on Health Locus of Control and self-reported frequency of participation in physical activities. Discriminant analyses indicated that the combination of physical activities associated with internally and externally oriented students were different for both males and females. Participation in high caloric expenditure activities was more frequent among internal subjects (Male: bicycling, volleyball, other individual sports, and snorkel/scuba diving; Female: basketball, weight training, tennis, fast walking/jogging/running, and judo/karate), while low caloric expenditure activities were associated with an external orientation (Male: baseball/softball, sailing, fishing, golf, and other recreational sports; Female: track and field jumping and fishing).
Incidence and Reasons for Medical Referral in a Worksite Health Promotion Program
Authors: Farrell Stephen William , Kohl Harold Willis , Bogdanffy George Mitchell
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine incidence and reasons for medical referral as a result of screening performed in a worksite health promotion program. Screening consisted of a medical history questionnaire, blood lipid profile, a sub-maximal treadmill stress test to 85% of age-predicted maximal heart rate, and other fitness measures. Overall, 11.5% of participants were referred to their personal physician for medical reasons following testing. Males (rate = 23.3%) were significantly more likely to be referred than females (rate = 8.8%). No significant difference was found in the percent of male (89.3%) or female (78.5%) referrals who were subsequently cleared to actively participate in the worksite program by their personal physician. These findings have important practical applications for worksite health promotion programs that conduct health screening.
Social Marketing and Communication: Changing Health Behavior in the Third World
Authors: Clift Elayne
Published: December 2011

Development communication, particularly within the health sector, is relatively new and still shrouded in mystique. Many health planners and policy-makers in developing countries and elsewhere do not yet fully appreciate the role communication plays in primary health care interventions. Nevertheless, communication theory, embracing diffusion of innovations and social marketing, can make a significant contribution in improving health status. This paper explores, through an examination of the literature and the experience of a worldwide research and development project, the synthesis of development communication, diffusion, social marketing, and primary health care. It attempts to demonstrate the value of integrating these paradigms within the context of a public health communication model. Focusing on the use of radio and interpersonal communication, the paper describes model projects in India and Honduras and reveals through their example the role of communication in changing health behavior in Third World settings.
Condom Promotion: The Need for a Social Marketing Program in America's Inner Cities
Authors: Dejong William
Published: December 2011

Current marketing efforts by commercial condom manufacturers are directed at White consumers and therefore neglect inner city Blacks and Latinos as potential users of condoms. This paper reviews “social marketing programs” developed in Third World countries to promote condoms as a contraceptive, often with the financial assistance of the United States or other governments. This technology — which includes product, pricing, distribution, and promotional considerations — should be applied in the United States, especially to reach poor minority populations that are currently at greater risk for teenage pregnancy, AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Proposed Framework for Making Focused Antenatal Care Services Accessible: A Review of the Nigerian Setting
Authors: Ekabua John , Ekabua Kufre , Njoku Charles
Published: December 2011

The aim of this paper is to propose a framework for making antenatal care an effective strategy in reducing the high maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria. On-site visits to five teaching hospitals were carried out between 2006 and 2008 to assess the practice of antenatal care. Group discussions with 200 parturients on their awareness of birth preparedness/complication readiness were conducted, in October, 2008. The findings of this study are discussed in line with the proposed practice of focused antenatal care. The practice of antenatal care in all the hospitals visited was the traditional approach based on earlier European models. Awareness of birth preparedness/complication readiness, by parturients, as a goal-directed intervention during antenatal care was low (21.5%). To reduce maternal deaths through antenatal care, it is critical to link care with detecting and treating causes of maternal mortality by a skilled attendant.
Multiple Pregnancy after Gonadotropin-Intrauterine Insemination: An Unavoidable Event?
Authors: Fong Shirley A. , Palta Vidya , Oh Cheongeun , Cho Michael M. , Loughlin Jacquelyn S. , McGovern Peter G.
Published: December 2011

Objective. Determine which factors predict multiple pregnancy in gonadotropin-intrauterine insemination cycles so that cancellation criteria might be developed. Study Design. Retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing gonadotropin-intrauterine insemination over a continuous 36 month period. Results. No factors examined were able to predict the occurrence of multiple pregnancy. Conclusion. Multiple pregnancy is an unavoidable complication of gonadotropin-intrauterine insemination treatment.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Spheroidal Metallic Inclusions in a Dielectric Medium
Authors: de Dormale Bernard , Truong Vo-Van
Published: December 2011

A model for linear and nonlinear optical properties of a composite material consisting of spheroidal metal inclusions embedded in a host medium has been formulated using an effective medium approach. Both aligned and randomly oriented spheroids have been considered, and the results obtained showed a considerable difference between the two situations. Numerical calculations for metallic Au inclusions in a glass matrix have shown that the linear absorption in the case of aligned spheroids with their symmetry axis parallel to thez-axis is largely dependent on the depolarization factor, exhibiting an absorption in the vicinity of 500 nm when the depolarization factor in the direction parallel to the rotational symmetry axis is small. This structure shifts progressively to higher wavelengths when this depolarization factor is increased. In the case of randomly oriented spheroids, contributions from the different particle depolarization factors are present and prominent structures in the linear absorption appear in the long wavelength region, beyond 700 nm. Nonlinear optical properties for both aligned and randomly oriented spheroids also show a strong dependence on the depolarization factor and significant enhancements of these properties can be observed, suggesting possible tailoring of composite properties for various applications.
Disposition Kinetic of Moxifloxacin following Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Subcutaneous Administration in Goats
Authors: Patel Harshad B. , Mody Shailesh K. , Patel Hitesh B. , Patel Vipul A. , Patel Urvesh D.
Published: December 2011

The present study was carried out to investigate disposition kinetics of moxifloxacin following single-dose intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight (b.wt.) in goats. Plasma samples collected after treatments were analyzed for drug concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After i.v. administration, distribution of the drug was rapid and wide as reflected by high steady-state volume of distribution. Drug elimination was relatively faster with a total body clearance of 0.59±0.03 L/h/kg. Following i.m. injection, the drug has shown the rapid and near-to-complete absorption with bioavailability of 98.20±3.96 per cent. The maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) of 1.21±0.04 μg/mL was attained at 1 h (Tmax). The drug was widely distributed as reflected by high apparent volume of distribution. The elimination half-life (t1/2β) of the drug was 6.26±0.08  h. Following s.c. administration, the drug was rapidly absorbed (Cmax: 1.16±0.02 μg/mL; tmax: 1 h) and slowly eliminated from the body. The elimination half-life and total body clearance (ClB) were 5.61±0.10 h and 0.60±0.03 L/h/kg, respectively. The bioavailability of moxifloxacin following s.c. administration was 90.44±3.96 per cent.
Clinical Usefulness of Cancer Markers in Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Verring A. , Clouth A. , Ziolkowski P. , Oremek G. M.
Published: December 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic power of CA 549, MSA and CA 15-3 in identifying breast cancer. The study included 232 patients of which 56 were healthy, 43 had benign breast cancer and 191 with other growths. The results were obtained using a specific immunoassay and using producers' cut offs. The following sensitivity and specificity of markers were found: CA 549 (sen.: 40%/spec.: 90%), MSA (sen.: 22%/spec.: 96%), and CA 15-3 (sen.: 33%/spec.: 86%). Ideal cut offs were defined with ROC curves. A significant correlation was found between CA 549, MSA, and CA 15-3. The combination of markers does not improve the clinical usefulness to identify only breast cancer. Serum tumor markers are abnormally elevated in patients with breast cancer. CA 549, MSA, CA 15-3 are useful clinical markers, good indicators of disease extent, and may have important prognostic value. This study demonstrates the role of the tumor markers in breast cancer.
Solutions of Unified Fractional Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Chaurasia V. B. L. , Kumar Devendra
Published: December 2011

We obtain the solution of a unified fractional Schrödinger equation. The solution is derived by the application of the Laplace and Fourier transforms in closed form in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function. The result obtained here is quite general in nature and capable of yielding a very large number of results (new and known) hitherto scattered in the literature. Most of results obtained are in a form suitable for numerical computation.
Waterborne pathogens: A public health risk in US hospitals
Authors: Kozicki Zigmond A. , Cwiek Mark A. , Jr. John E. Lopes , Rodabaugh Gary , Jr. Nathaniel Tymes , Baiyasi‐Kozicki Stephanie J.S.
Published: December 2011

“Without water monitoring we cannot be certain that drinking water does not contain any microorganisms known to be pathogenic”(WHO, 1997).
Making Lemonade Out of Lemons
Authors: Roberson J. Alan
Published: December 2011

This month's column refers to the super committee that was one of the three major outcomes from the Budget Control Act of 2011 (PL 221‐25) and the challenges of budget cuts and meeting revenue gaps.
Hawaii's Konohiki of Today
Authors: Ching Troy Kamalauluwehiwehi
Published: December 2011

Engineers and scientists are expected to create a safe and healthy environment for the public. Hawaii is a unique and culturally diverse place filled with a rich history. As engineers and scientists, it is our responsibility to ensure the continued prosperity of our island state.
Heraion sanctuary
Authors: Hall Jonathan M.
Published: December 2011

The sanctuary of Hera Argeia, situated 8 km northeast of Argos on the slopes of Mount Euboea, housed the most important cult in the Argolid.
Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV)
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: December 2011

The second son of Amenhotep III and his wife Tiye of the 18th Egyptian Dynasty succeeded his father initially under the name of Neferkheperure‐waenre Amenhotep (IV)‐netjerheqawaset. There has been considerable debate as to whether the succession occurred on Amenhotep III's death, or whether the two kings ruled as co‐regents for up to a dozen years. The balance of evidence currently seems to support the former option, although the younger Amenhotep may have been proclaimed heir in Year 30, on the death of his elder brother, Thutmose (Dodson 2009b; Dorman 2009).
Agriculture, Roman Republic
Authors: Rosenstein Nathan
Published: December 2011

Italy's landscape and climates are quite diverse. Consequently farming practices vary considerably by region. No brief description of Italian agriculture can encompass all of its variations and this article must restrict itself to generalities.
Population balance model for drying of droplets containing aggregating nanoparticles
Authors: Bück Andreas , Peglow Mirko , Naumann Martina , Tsotsas Evangelos
Published: December 2011

Drying of droplets containing nanoscaled particles is investigated for the first drying stage by means of a population balance model. The novelty of the model consists in the consideration of not only gas‐side heat and mass transfer, and liquid‐side diffusion, but also aggregation as a particulate process. Size‐dependency of particle mobility links liquid‐side mass transport and aggregation, leading to different particle concentration profiles in the droplet depending on the thermal conditions and aggregation kinetics. The main focus of this work lies on the influence of the aggregation kinetics on the profiles, the time of crust formation and the resulting droplet porosity at the end of the first drying stage. Model validation and justification is performed by use of experimental data from literature. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Targeting the hepcidin–ferroportin axis to develop new treatment strategies for anemia of chronic disease and anemia of inflammation
Authors: Sun Chia Chi , Vaja Valentina , Babitt Jodie L. , Lin Herbert Y.
Published: December 2011

Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) or anemia of inflammation is prevalent in patients with chronic infection, autoimmune disease, cancer, and chronic kidney disease. ACD is associated with poor prognosis and lower quality of life. Management of ACD using intravenous iron and erythropoiesis stimulating agents are ineffective for some patients and are not without adverse effects, driving the need for new alternative therapies. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of iron regulation reveal that increased hepcidin, the iron regulatory hormone, is a key factor in the development of ACD. In this review, we will summarize the role of hepcidin in iron homeostasis, its contribution to the pathophysiology of ACD, and novel strategies that modulate hepcidin and its target ferroportin for the treatment of ACD. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of external electric field on morphologies and properties of the cured epoxy and epoxy/acrylate systems
Authors: Duan Jingkuan , Zhang Jun , Jiang Pingkai
Published: December 2011

In this article, the influences of the external electric field exerted to the curing epoxy and epoxy/acrylate systems on their cured microstructures and macroscopic performances were investigated by means of morphological investigation and some characteristic analyses. Epoxy and epoxy/acrylate (an interpenetrating polymer network) systems were subjected to the action of the alternating electric field during the curing process. The changes in the nanolamellae microstructure in the cured epoxy and the nanoellipsoid microstructure in the cured epoxy/acrylate systems resulting from the electric field treatment were observed using atomic force microscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the external electric field treatment made the low and high relaxation peaks shift to the lower and higher temperatures, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis implied that the curing reactions of the epoxy systems with the aid of the external electric field resulted in some negative influences on their thermal stability. The dielectric measurements demonstrated that the electrical properties of the epoxy system for vacuum pressure impregnation insulation of the high‐voltage electric machines could be much improved with the aid of the external electric field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A study about the structure of vulcanized natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber blends and the glass transition behavior
Authors: Mansilla M. A. , Silva L. , Salgueiro W. , Marzocca A. J. , Somoza A.
Published: December 2011

A study of the thermal behavior of cured elastomeric blends of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) prepared by solution blending in toluene is presented. Binary blends with different compositions of NR/SBR were produced using a conventional cure system based on sulfur and TBBS (n‐t‐butyl‐2‐benzothiazole sulfonamide as accelerator. The compounds were vulcanized at 433 K up to an optimum time of cure determined by rheometric tests. From swelling tests, the crosslink densities of the compounds were obtained and compared with those obtained in similar blends prepared by mechanical mixing. The results were analyzed in terms of the disentangling of the chain structures of the SBR and NR phases and the achieved cure state of the blend. Using differential scanning calorimetry, the glass transition temperature Tg of each blend was measured. In most compounds, the value of Tg corresponding to each phase of the blend was determined, but in some blends a single value of Tg was obtained. The variation of Tg with the composition and cure level in each phase was analyzed. On the other hand, a physical mixture of two equal parts of NR and SBR vulcanized was measured and the results were compared to those of the NR50/SBR50 cured blend. Besides, to analyze the influence of the network structure, pure NR and SBR unvulcanized samples were measured. On the basis of all the obtained results, the influence of the interphase formed in the blend between SBR and NR phases is discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effects of magnesium hydroxide and its synergistic systems on the flame retardance of polyformaldehyde
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wang Zhangyu , Wang Qi
Published: December 2011

An inorganic flame retardant, magnesium hydroxide (MH) with series synergists including melamine (ME), linear novolac resin (LNR), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) was incorporated with polyformaldehyde (POM) resin in this article. The obvious advantage of the system is that the used flame retardant and the synergists possess multiflame retarding mechanisms and multifunctions. The prepared flame retardant POM could achieve UL94 V‐0 rating (1.6 mm) with optimum flame retardant/synergists formulations, showing satisfactory flame retardance. Various characterization methods including pyrolysis‐gas chromatogram‐mass spectrometer (Py‐GC‐MS) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were used to investigate the interaction among the components and reveal the corresponding synergistic mechanisms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Anatomy education in Namibia: Balancing facility design and curriculum development
Authors: Wessels Quenton , Vorster Willie , Jacobson Christian
Published: December 2011

The anatomy curriculum at Namibia's first, and currently only, medical school is clinically oriented, outcome‐based, and includes all of the components of modern anatomical sciences i.e., histology, embryology, neuroanatomy, gross, and clinical anatomy. The design of the facilities and the equipment incorporated into these facilities were directed toward simplification of work flow and ease of use by faculty, staff, and students. From the onset, the integration of state of the art technology was pursued to facilitate teaching and promote a student‐centered pedagogical approach to dissections. The program, as realized, is comprised of three 16‐week semesters with seven hours of contact time per week, namely three hours of lectures and four hours of dissection laboratory and microscopy time. Set outcomes were established, each revolving around clinical cases with integrated medical imaging. The design of the facility itself was not constrained by a legacy structure, allowing the School of Medicine, in collaboration with architects and contractors, to design the building from scratch. A design was implemented that allows for the sequential processing of cadaveric material in a unidirectional flow from reception, to preparation, embalming, storage, dissection, and maceration. Importantly, the odor of formaldehyde typically associated with anatomy facilities was eliminated outside of the dissection areas and minimized within via a high‐performance ventilation system. By holistically incorporating an integrated curriculum, facility design, and teaching at an early stage, the authors believe they have created a system that might serve as a model for new anatomy programs. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
ChemInform Abstract: An α‐Diaminoboryl Carbanion Assisted Stereoselective Single‐Pot Preparation of α,β‐Disubstituted Acrylonitriles.
Authors: Tomioka Takashi , Sankranti Rambabu , Vaughan Trey G. , Maejima Toshihide , Yanase Takayoshi
Published: December 2011

Two efficient methods are reported: the use of aromatic and conjugated aldehydes predominantly leads to (Z)‐isomers, whereas with aliphatic aldehydes the (E)‐isomers are mainly formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acyclic, Symmetrical 3,3′‐Allyl Dithioethers, from the Alkylation of 3‐Mercapto‐2‐mercaptomethylprop‐1‐ene in the Presence of Sodium Hydride.
Authors: Moorhoff Cornelis M. , Cook Wayne D. , Chen Fei , Nghiem Dat , Braybrook Carl , Thang San H. , Sun Jiazeng , Scott Timothy F. , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: December 2011

Two procedures are employed to obtain the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition‐Initiated Nazarov Cyclization.
Authors: Brooks Joshua L. , Caruana Patrick A. , Frontier Alison J.
Published: December 2011

A protocol for the Nazarov cyclization of dienyl diketones (I) and (VII) in the presence of nucleophiles leads to cyclopentene addition products.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylation of 1‐Phenyl‐1‐propyne with N‐ and O‐Pronucleophiles Using Polymer Supported Triphenylphosphine Palladium Complex as a Heterogeneous and Recyclable Catalyst.
Authors: Wagh Yogesh S. , Sawant Dinesh N. , Dhake Kishor P. , Deshmukh Krishna M. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: December 2011

Optimized conditions including the highly active catalyst system allow the allylation of amines and alcohols and even of less nucleophilic carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Highly Selective Aqueous Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides at Room Temperature Catalyzed by Supported Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on SBA‐15.
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Naserian Sareh , Primo Ana , Luque Rafael
Published: December 2011

The catalyst is found to be an efficient, easily recoverable agent for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides in water.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient TBAF‐Promoted Intramolecular Cyclization of gem‐Dibromoolefins for the Synthesis of 2‐Bromobenzofurans(thiophenes).
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Yicheng , Zhang Lei , Wang Min , Wang Lei
Published: December 2011

One example is given, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Cyclopentanes Based on Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Trimethylsilyl Nitronates Generated from 6‐Nitrohex‐1‐ene Derivatives.
Authors: Lozanova A. V. , Stepanov A. V. , Osipova O. D. , Vinnikova A. N. , Veselovsky V. V.
Published: December 2011

A method for the stereoselective synthesis of cis‐cyclopentalerolactone (VIII), a promising synthon for the preparation of natural cyclopentanoids of the isoprostane series, is developed using the intramolecular dipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition of silyl nitronates [→(III)] as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Alkylation/Gold‐Catalyzed Annulation Reactions of Anilines with Propargylic Bromide Derivatives.
Authors: Alfonsi Maria , Arcadi Antonio , Chiarini Marco , Marinelli Fabio
Published: December 2011

A one‐pot synthesis of functionalized quinolines is achieved through N‐propargylation of anilines followed by Au‐catalyzed 6‐endo‐dig intramolecular hydroarylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Tricyclic Cycloalkylimidazo‐, Pyrimido‐ and Diazepinopurinediones.
Authors: Kiec‐Kononowicz Katarzyna , et al. et al.
Published: December 2011

Most of the new compounds exhibit adenosine A2a receptor affinity, with compounds (IIIb), (VIa) and (VIII) to be the most potent ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Steroidal C‐20 Tertiary Alcohols with Thiazole/Pyridine Side Chain.
Authors: Shingate Bapurao B. , Hazra Braja G. , Salunke Deepak B. , Pore Vandana S. , Shirazi Fazal , Deshpande Mukund V.
Published: December 2011

Novel steroidal C‐20 tertiary alcohols with heterocyclic side chain are synthesized using Grignard reactions of steroidal ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Hydrazino Phosphonates from L‐Amino Acid‐ and L‐Glutathione‐Derived Hydrazones.
Authors: Matveeva E. D. , Kolesnikova I. N. , Zefirov N. S.
Published: December 2011

[Tetra(tert‐butyl)phthalocyanine]aluminium chloride catalyzes the hydrophosphorylation of cyclic ketone hydrazones derived from hydrazides of L‐amino acids as well as glutathione.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylisobenzofuranones from Fungicolous Nodulisporium sp. SH‐1.
Authors: Hayasaka Shingo , Koseki Takuya , Murayama Tetsuya , Kwon Eunsang , Shiono Yoshihito
Published: December 2011

Nodulisporone A (Ia) exhibits antimicrobial activity against C.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrids of Oxoisoaporphine‐Tacrine Congeners: Novel Acetylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase‐Induced β‐Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitors.
Authors: Tang Huang , Zhao Li‐Zhen , Zhao Hao‐Tao , Huang Shi‐Liang , Zhong Shu‐Ming , Qin Jiang‐Ke , Chen Zhen‐Feng , Huang Zhi‐Shu , Liang Hong
Published: December 2011

A series of dual binding site acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, e.g. (I), are designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to inhibit AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), AChE‐induced and self‐induced β‐amyloid (Aβ) aggregation.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioceramics: From Bone Regeneration to Cancer Nanomedicine
Authors: Vallet‐Regi Maria , Ruiz‐Hernandez Eduardo
Published: December 2011

Review: 429 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Inorganic Porous Materials by Design: Looking for New Architectures
Authors: Medina Manuela E. , Platero‐Prats Ana E. , Snejko Natalia , Rojas Alex , Monge Angeles , Gandara Felipe , Gutierrez‐Puebla Enrique , Camblor Miguel A.
Published: December 2011

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd Nanoparticles for C—C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Balanta Angelica , Godard Cyril , Claver Carmen
Published: December 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Self‐Assembly at Solid Surfaces
Authors: Otero Roberto , Gallego Jose Maria , Vazquez de Parga Amadeo L. , Martin Nazario , Miranda Rodolfo
Published: December 2011

Review: 176 refs.
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility – A Case of CSR Communication in Emerging Economies
Authors: Amaladoss Martin Xavier , Manohar Hansa Lysander
Published: December 2011

The debate concerning corporate social responsibility (CSR) is shifting from public relations, reputation management, and cause marketing to issues of competitive advantage and good corporate governance. The need for and benefits of proactive and transparent communication about CSR are widely acknowledged. This study uses the case study approach to examine the practice and communication of CSR in emerging economies with a focus on India. This empirical study analyses the CSR and governance themes of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), the largest private company from India for CSR communication. The study finds that the company lacks an inclusive and strategic approach to CSR communication. Based on the findings, we develop a participatory ‘top‐down’ and ‘inside‐out’ approach to management of CSR communication by corporates in emerging economies in Asia. Despite some limitations, this study is expected to serve as a pointer to the effectiveness of CSR communication by the Indian corporate sector in particular and Asian companies in general. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 1/12
Authors: Rouzaire Paul , Luci Carmelo , Blasco Elisabeth , Bienvenu Jacques , Walzer Thierry , Nicolas Jean‐François , Hennino Ana
Published: December 2011

The cover shows a histological analysis of an ear section from a C57BL/6 mouse that was first sensitised with 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene on the belly and then challenged 4 days later with 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene on the ear. Haematoxylin and eosin staining shows massive skin infiltration by mononuclear cells and granulocytes 24 h after challenge. The image is from Rouzaire et al. (pp. 80–88) in which the authors show that NK cells and T cells induce different types of inflammatory reactions in the skin during recall responses to haptens; of note, NK cell‐mediated pathogenesis does not rely on cellular infiltrate.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Azido‐1,2,4‐triazoles: A Class of Heteroarenes with a High Nitrogen Content
Authors: Cardillo Paolo , Dellavedova Marco , Gigante Lucia , Lunghi Angelo , Pasturenzi Christian , Salatelli Elisabetta , Zanirato Paolo
Published: December 2011

The syntheses of azido‐1,2,4‐triazoles 1–5 were carried out from triaminoguanidine hydrochloride and a carboxylic acid (formic, acetic, 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetic, 2‐benzylacetic, monochloroacetic acid) by a three‐step synthetic route and were analyzed by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). The thermal decomposition of 1–5 was studied theoretically by using CHETAH and T1 software, and experimentally by using DSC to obtain kinetic data. Numerical modelling and mass spectrometry were also performed to estimate the nature of the intrinsic molecular reactivity of 1–5 and the possible early stages of a self‐heating process. Complete optimization by using HF, B3LYP and MP2(full) methods at the 6‐31G* level were performed on significant tautomeric forms of the azido‐triazoles to confirm the electronic structures that were obtained by EI‐MS.
Discussion of paper ‘Simulation of floor response spectra in shake table experiments’ by G. Maddaloni, K. P. Ryu and A. M. Reinhorn, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 2011; 40(6): 591‐604
Authors: Huang Baofeng , Chen Shiming , Lu Wensheng
Published: December 2011

Three main topics including the floor motion action mechanism, the test frame design, and the target spectrum simulation presented in the paper are discussed specifically. Floor motion action mechanism is critical in understanding the seismic performance of architectural nonstructural components. Seismic sensitiveness and earthquake response properties of the nonstructural components should be considered in the design of the test frame for the shaking table test. Target spectrum simulation is also a challenging job in the shaking table test, in which dynamic characteristics of the specimen, performance of the shaking table facilities, and the control techniques should be all considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.