bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Températures de surface et mesures mobiles confrontées aux zones climatiques locales : exemples des agglomérations de Tokyo et de Lyon
Authors: Renard Florent , Alonso Lucille
Published: February 2021

Les zones climatiques locales (ZCL) sont de plus en plus utilisées dans toutes les problématiques liées au changement climatique en milieu urbain, notamment pour les opérations d’aménagement ou de requalification portant sur l’îlot de chaleur, les microclimats et le confort thermique. Fondées sur des critères a priori, ces dernières nécessitent d’être confrontées à la réalité du terrain afin de s’assurer de leur validité avant toute utilisation. C’est l’objet de cette étude portant sur les agglomérations témoins de Lyon et de Tokyo, où ces zones climatiques n’ont pour le moment pas été réellement utilisées. L’analyse proposée confronte ce découpage thermo-morphologique aux températures de surface provenant des mesures de Landsat de 2000 à 2019 (single channel algorithm) et de mesures mobiles de la température de l’air, effectuées au sein des agglomérations en été. Les ZCL sont extraites par photo-interprétation pour Lyon et par classification supervisée pour Tokyo. Les températures sont étudiées en fonction des ZCL à l’aide du test statistique de Kruskal-Wallis suivi de la procédure de comparaison multiple par paires Steel-Dwass-Critchlow-Fligner. Les résultats indiquent des différences significatives entre les ZCL pour les températures de l’air et de surface et confirment ainsi l’intérêt de leur utilisation. Les ZCL les plus fraîches sont celles qui présentent une couverture végétalisée. Plus précisément, on remarque un gradient thermique décroissant avec la quantité de biomasse disponible au sein des ZCL mais également avec la hauteur des bâtiments en raison de l’effet d’ombrage.
Les deux épisodes caniculaires de l’été 2019 à Grenoble : constat et perspective pour une gestion des extrêmes thermiques futurs
Authors: Rome Sandra , Bigot Sylvain , Foissard Xavier , Madelin Malika , Duche Sarah , Fouvet Anne-Cécile
Published: February 2021

Cette étude détaille la spécificité des deux vagues de chaleurs qui se sont produites à l’échelle de la ville de Grenoble (Isère, France) en juin et juillet 2019. Les données thermiques traitées regroupent 7 stations, en particulier certaines encore jamais analysées dans une perspective d’analyse climatologique. Les analyses portent aussi sur les valeurs thermiques quotidiennes projetées à l’échelle de l’aire urbaine en fonction du scénario RCP 8.5 sur la période 2006-2100. Les résultats confirment que la ville possède une grande variabilité spatiale lors d’un événement chaud extrême, que le réseau de mesure actuel n’arrive pas encore à discriminer suffisamment, sans compter les contrastes verticaux qui existent également. Les vagues de chaleur de 2019 sont a priori des analogues potentiels des conditions attendues d’ici 2050 (alors que l’aléa exceptionnel de 2003 serait sûrement représentatif de la normale de fin du siècle). Ces retours d’expérience et éléments scientifiques quantifiés sur l’aléa caniculaire aident la Ville de Grenoble, très impliquée dans l’étude du risque climatique, à améliorer et anticiper ses programmations et son urbanisme tactique pour s’adapter au changement climatique, en se construisant son propre diagnostic typique des caractéristiques microclimatiques urbaines.
Solar Hot Air for Industrial Applications Using Linear Fresnel Concentrating Collectors and Open Brayton Cycle Layout
Authors: Famiglietti Antonio , Lecuona-Neumann Antonio , Rahjoo Mohammad , Nogueira-Goriba José
Published: February 2021

Many industrial processes use hot air as a medium. This is especially relevant for drying. Nowadays, most of them consume fossil energy. This study analyses an innovative facility for direct solar heating of air up to 400 °C. For this aim, a medium-scale solar field of linear Fresnel collectors is proposed to heat ambient air inside it. No other dedicated heat transfer fluid is necessary. A simpler layout avoids costs, hurdles, and risks of heat transfer liquids and the related machinery. A Brayton cycle configuration avoids auxiliary energy consumption for pumping air through the collectors by coupling the solar field with a turbocharger. A mathematical model simulates a system of industrial size along a typical meteorological year. It confirms the feasibility of the proposal and the high potential of helping the energy transition to sustainability.
Decarbonizing the heating supply of an urban district in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bartolini Andrea , Mukanov Ruslan , Comodi Gabriele , Abishev Kairatolla
Published: February 2021

A major contribution to our society’s environmental impact lies in meeting the energy needs of buildings, specifically in areas where the supply of such commodities is based on high carbon-emitting fossil fuels (oil/coal). This study analyses a mixed-use urban district situated in Kazakhstan. The district features a set of households together with three schools, a hospital, and several office buildings. The heating energy needs of the city are currently entirely met by coal-fired solutions; thus, this study wishes to investigate the feasibility of novel more sustainable technological approaches. A set of scenarios is modeled by means of the EnergyPLAN analysis tool where the technical feasibility of a district heating network is analyzed in combination with both greener fossil fired solutions and renewables.
Comparison of integrated fuel processing options for biogas-fed solid-oxide fuel cell plants
Authors: Ma Shuai , Loreti Gabriele , Wang Ligang , Luigi Facci Andrea , Ubertini Stefano , Dong Changqing , Maréchal François , Van herle Jan
Published: February 2021

The Solid-oxide fuel cell is a highly efficient prime mover for biogas conversion, but a part of biogas needs to be reformulated externally to facilitate the electrochemical conversion, easy control of reforming conditions, and thermal management of the stack. Carbon deposition and external mineralcarrying water should be avoided to ensure the durability of the fuel processor and stack catalysts. This paper investigates four plant layouts with different anode off-gas recirculation schemes and biogas reforming methods: (1) pre-reforming with hot recirculation (HR), (2) pre-reforming with cold recirculation (CR), (3) no pre-reforming and hot recirculation (NR), (4) partial oxidation with hot recirculation (PO). All the schemes feature an electrolyte supported SOFC working at 860°C and 0.23 A/cm2 current density. A sensitivity analysis of the plant efficiency as a function of the Recirculation Ratio (RR) and the Reformer Temperature (RT) is performed. The results show that HR and CR schemes achieve the highest efficiency (58-63%). The HR scheme benefits from the recirculated water and does not require external water for RR > 50% and RT > 600°C; the CR scheme achieves the same result for RR > 80% and RT > 700°C. The optimal RR is within 50 – 80% for the highest system efficiency, as a trade-off between the overall fuel utilization and electrochemistry performance. The RT should be between 600 and 700°C. The HR scheme is the overall best performing if the re-circulator and stack designs do not limit the flow rates at a high RR.
Congestion management via increasing integration of electric and thermal energy infrastructures
Authors: Gonzalez-Castellanos Alvaro , Guha Thakurta Priyanko , Bischi Aldo
Published: February 2021

Congestion caused in the electrical network due to renewable generation can be effectively managed by integrating electric and thermal infrastructures, the latter being represented by large scale District Heating (DH) networks, often fed by large combined heat and power (CHP) plants. The CHP plants could further improve the profit margin of district heating multi-utilities by selling electricity in the power market by adjusting the ratio between generated heat and power. The latter is possible only for certain CHP plants, which allow decoupling the two commodities generation, namely the ones provided by two independent variables (degrees-of-freedom) or by integrating them with thermal energy storage and Power-to-Heat (P2H) units. CHP units can, therefore, help in the congestion management of the electricity network. A detailed mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model is introduced for solving the network-constrained unit commitment of integrated electric and thermal infrastructures. The developed model contains a detailed characterization of the useful effects of CHP units, i.e., heat and power, as a function of one and two independent variables. A lossless DC flow approximation models the electricity transmission network. The district heating model includes the use of gas boilers, electric boilers, and thermal energy storage. The conducted studies on IEEE 24 bus system highlight the importance of a comprehensive analysis of multi-energy systems to harness the flexibility derived from the joint operation of electric and heat sectors and managing congestion in the electrical network.
A techno-economic evaluation of the impact of electric vehicles diffusion on Italian customer billing tariffs
Authors: Rancilio Giuliano , Bovera Filippo , Delfanti Maurizio
Published: February 2021

The sales of electric vehicles (EV) are recently experiencing an exponential growth. There is scientific evidence that EVs, in their lifecycle, generate a lower amount of greenhouse gases emissions and local pollution with respect to ICE ones. However, a fast EVs diffusion will increase the load on the power system in a still unclear manner. It is recognized that EV charging is a power intensive operation and that dumb charging strategies will increase security problems for grid management. This will likely happen at the end of business, when a huge quantity of EVs gets connected at the domestic socket at the same time, thus contributing to the ramp up needs from thermal generators to cope with the increasing slope in the “duck curve” at sunset. The presented model estimates the burden that different EV penetration scenarios will have on Italian power system in a short term (2025). This is evaluated in terms of energy flows and load profiles for the charging operations. A behavioural analysis of EV charging operations and a thorough investigation of Italian electricity tariff allows to calculate the economic impact of a base and a strategically regulated scenario. In the regulated scenario, featuring a regulatory toolbox to steer EVs diffusion efficiently, the impact on the power system is mitigated even in case of a larger EV penetration.
A CFD thermal analysis and validation of a Li-ion pouch cell under different temperatures conditions
Authors: Perez Estevez Manuel Antonio , Caligiuri Carlo , Renzi Massimiliano
Published: February 2021

Li-ion cells are one of the core components for the actual and future electric mobility. Differently from other types of applications and due to the high charge/discharge rates, the thermal-related issues in batteries for mobility are drastically relevant and can affect the reliability, the safety and the performance of the system. Indeed, limited temperature differences within a battery pack have a significant impact on its efficiency, thus it is important to predict and control the cell and battery pack temperature distribution. In the proposed study, a CFD analysis has been carried out to quantify the temperature and heat distribution on a single li-ion pouch cell. The main objective of this work is to determine the temperature imbalance on the cell and the required cooling load in order to be able to correctly design the cooling system and the best module architecture. The internal heat generation occurs as a result of electrochemical reactions taking place during charge and discharge of batteries. An electric model of the cell allows to assess the thermal power generation; the model parameters are changed according to the operative conditions to improve the accuracy, specifically to take into account varying temperature conditions and C-rates. The high accuracy of the model with respect to experimental data shows the potentiality of the proposed approach to support the optimization of Li-ion modules cooling systems and architecture design.
An experimental analysis of Lithium battery use for high power application
Authors: Bandini Gabriele , Caposciutti Gianluca , Marracci Mirko , Buffi Alice , Tellini Bernardo
Published: February 2021

In the recent years, the sustainable energy demand is growing among the civil and industrial sectors. However, the renewable sources present an aleatory behaviour, and the improvement of their reliable and secure employment have received great interest. In this framework, the energy storage devices can be used to smooth the market demand and to increase the control on the energy fluxes over transmission lines. To this aim, devices such as Li-ion batteries are widely used in several application scenarios, such as the transportation sector. Generally speaking, batteries are often classified as high-energy devices and their use for high-power applications is limited. Indeed, for the latter applications, other devices, such as supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, are usually employed. In the present work, the use of 3Ah 18650 Li-Ion batteries is investigated for high-power applications, and a performance analysis during pulsed discharge with current up to 50C is carried out. These experimental conditions are significantly beyond the manufacturer specifications; therefore, an accurate ageing estimation of the cell is required, and a novel internal resistance control method is proposed to monitor the state of health of the device.
Performance modelling and greenhouse impact assessment of a micro-ORC energy system working with HFCs, low GWP fluids and mixtures
Authors: Bianchi Michele , Branchini Lisa , De Pascale Andrea , Melino Francesco , Ottaviano Saverio , Peretto Antonio , Torricelli Noemi
Published: February 2021

The worrying effects of climate change have led, in the last decades, to the improvement of innovative solutions for low greenhouse emission energy conversion, among which, is the use of micro-ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) systems for distributed generation, in the framework of combined heat and power applications and renewables exploitation. However, micro-ORCs environmental impact, due to high GWP (global working potential) working fluid leak rate, is an issue still to overcome. Neverthless the interest in using new low GWP refrigerants and their blends is increasing, new fluids have not yet been properly tested into ORC. Numerical studies reveal that low GWP fluids do not always guarantee the same performance of typically used fluids, leading to indirect emissions related to the use of fossil fuels to compensate the lower power production. This study proposes to investigate performance and impact of an innovative micro-ORC test bench when working with HFCs (HydroFluoroCarbons), low GWP fluids and mixtures, with the main aim of comprehensively evaluating its impact due to both direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions produced in a typical annual operation.
Performance analysis of a Brayton Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (PTES) with a liquid sensible heat storage
Authors: Frate Guido Francesco , Ferrari Lorenzo , Giachetti Luca , Petretto Giacomo , Desideri Umberto
Published: February 2021

A pervasive Renewable Energy Source (RES) exploitation poses a wide range of issues to electric grids, which the enhancement of the electric grid flexibility may mitigate. There are several approaches to improve grid flexibility, and a significant help will come from efficient, reliable, durable and cheap electric storage technologies. Inevitably, different storage technologies will be needed since different power and energy spectra characterise RES issues. In the category of high capacity-to-power ratio technologies, Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (PTES) is becoming more and more popular. Such technology aims at replacing Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES), and it is suited for daily cyclic operation (load shifting). In this paper, a Brayton PTES with liquid sensible heat storages is studied. Compared to the standard system equipped with packed beds, the liquid heat storage allows for a more straightforward state of charge estimation, control and, potentially, for a better usage of storage volume. Through a parametric analysis involving the main design specifications, the system performance is assessed under realistic assumptions. The resulting figures provide an exhaustive characterisation of the performance achievable by the system, which may be useful for a fair comparison between PTES and other competing storage technologies.
Techno-economic analysis of waste heat recovery by inverted Brayton cycle applied to an LNG-fuelled transport truck
Authors: Abrosimov Kirill , Sciacchitano Federica , Pasini Gianluca , Baccioli Andrea , Bischi Aldo , Antonelli Marco
Published: February 2021

Aiming for the better environmental and economic performance of traditional engines, waste heat recovery (WHR) technologies are actively studied to find their most beneficial applications. In this work, the inverted Brayton cycle (IBC) is investigated as a potential WHR solution for liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuelled transport truck. LNG being one of the less polluting fossil fuels is widely spreading nowadays in different industries due to the rapid development of the LNG supply chain in the world. LNG-fuelled cargo transportation follows this prevailing trend. Based on the overexpansion of flue gases to subatmospheric pressure, inverted Brayton cycle, in turn, is considered a prospective technology of WHR and techno-economic analysis of IBC in several configurations on-board of a heavy transport truck have been assessed. IBC is integrated into the engine cooling system in the basic layout, and additionally, it incorporates LNG regasification process in advanced configurations. Power balance based on Aspen Hysys model enables to perform system optimisation and gives preliminary design parameters of the system components. Cost function approach provides the basis for a preliminary economic assessment of the layouts. Although the system shows fuel economy of maximum about 2.1 %, analysis revealed the necessity to continue the search for better technical solutions in IBC-based systems to make them economically attractive due to high cost of installed equipment.
Nociception, douleur et autisme
Authors: Ruelle-Le Glaunec Lucien , Inquimbert Perrine , Hugel Sylvain , Schlichter Rémy , Bossu Jean-Louis
Published: February 2021

Les sujets autistes présentent fréquemment des anomalies sensorielles. Celles concernant la nociception ainsi que sa potentielle résultante, la douleur, sont d’un intérêt capital. En effet, du fait de nombreuses comorbidités, les sujets autistes sont plus souvent exposés à des situations douloureuses que la population générale. Alors qu’ils sont souvent considérés comme moins sensibles, les études expérimentales sur ce point sont loin de faire consensus. Utiliser des modèles animaux pourrait permettre de s’affranchir de certaines sources de variabilité et d’apporter, dans le cadre de l’autisme, une vue d’ensemble des altérations potentielles du système nociceptif aux niveaux cellulaire et moléculaire.
L’anémone de merNematostella vectensis
Authors: Amiel Aldine R. , Michel Vincent , Carvalho João E. , Shkreli Marina , Petit Christine , Röttinger Eric
Published: February 2021

Nematostella, petite anémone de mer, possède de fascinantes propriétés, telles que la régénération du corps entier, l’absence de signes de vieillissement et d’affections liées à l’âge comme, par exemple, le développement de cancers. Elle se cultive aisément et se reproduit en laboratoire. Malgré son aspect « simple », cet invertébré marin de l’embranchement des cnidaires partage avec les vertébrés des caractéristiques non seulement morphologiques, mais également génomiques. La communauté scientifique développe aujourd’hui une variété d’outils de génomique fonctionnelle permettant l’utilisation de cet animal de façon intégrative dans le domaine de la médecine régénérative, de la longévité et des maladies mécano-sensorielles. Son étude se présente comme particulièrement prometteuse pour faire progresser la connaissance dans ces différents domaines, offrant des possibilités expérimentales qui font défaut dans les modèles animaux classiques.
Zentrale Mastoid-Somatotopie bei Rückenschmerzen in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Agarwal Kamayni , Cayemitte-Rückner Naomie
Published: February 2021

Die Behandlung von Rückenschmerzen in der Schwangerschaft stellt eine große Herausforderung dar, da einerseits das Wohlergehen der werdenden Mutter und andererseits das des ungeborenen Kindes berücksichtigt werden müssen. Die von Schmerzen geplagten Schwangeren fragen daher oftmals nach komplementärmedizinischen Vorgehensweisen, um unerwünschte Medikamentenwirkungen zu vermeiden. Hier hat sich die Zentrale Mastoid-Somatotopie gerade bei der Behandlung von Schmerzen des Rückens sowie des Beckengürtels bewährt. Im Folgenden werden sowohl die Anatomie, die physiologischen Veränderungen als auch die Behandlungsoptionen aus Sicht der TCM dargestellt.
Parasitellus fucorum im Gemüll von Apis mellifera – Gefahr der Verwechslung mit Tropilaelaps spp.
Authors: Emmerich Ilka Ute , Christian Axel
Published: February 2021

Der Befall mit Tropilaelaps-Milben ist eine die Bienenbrut schädigende Krankheit und unterliegt bei Apis mellifera der Anzeigepflicht. Trotz des hohen Einschleppungsrisikos ist diese Tierseuche bislang noch nicht in Europa präsent. Um eine Einschleppung und Verbreitung zu verhindern, müssen Milben in Tropilaelaps-Größe im Gemüll oder in der verdeckelten Bienenbrut erkannt und unverzüglich identifiziert werden. Im vorliegenden Fall wurde mit Parasitellus fucorum eine weitere Milbenart im Gemüll von Apis mellifera festgestellt, die ein Verwechslungspotenzial zu Tropilaelaps spp. besitzt.
Ethisch vertretbare Tierhaltung – Von der Notwendigkeit neue Wege zu gehen
Authors: Brendieck-Worm Cäcilia , Spielberger Uli
Published: February 2021

Eier- und Geflügelfleisch werden aktuell weltweit mit genetisch stark eingeschränkten, hochspezialisierten Hybridzuchtlinien produziert. Das hat zur fast vollständigen Konzernabhängigkeit sowohl der konventionellen als auch der meisten Bio-Betriebe geführt. Die einseitige Zucht auf Höchstleistung ist aus ethischer Sicht ein Irrweg. Sie beeinträchtigt die Gesundheit der Tiere und bedingt das Töten von Millionen Küken. Dies ist weder mit geltenden tierschutzrechtlichen Bestimmungen noch mit dem Wertekanon der Bio-Branche vereinbar. Einen Ausweg aus der Misere böte der Einsatz moderner Zweinutzungshühner, bei denen Legeleistung und Fleischansatz ohne Hochleistung harmonisch kombiniert sind. Dieses Ziel ist jedoch nur durch grundlegende Änderungen bei der Zucht und Haltung von Hühnern zu erreichen. Zudem bedarf es der Unterstützung durch die Politik und durch die Verbraucher.
Zeckenalarm – Welche Strategie bietet zuverlässigen Schutz?
Authors: Eissing Nathalie , Bolbecher Gisela , Kübler Heidi , von Bremen Dörte , Schönenstein Judith
Published: February 2021

Vor dem Hintergrund möglicher Nebenwirkungen und Spätfolgen chemischer Insektizide und Akarizide wie auch der damit verbundenen Rückstandsproblematik steigt die Nachfrage nach natürlichen Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung von Zecken. Unterschieden wird dabei zwischen Mitteln zur innerlichen und zur äußerlichen Anwendung. Innerlich angewandt werden können B-Vitamine (Bierhefe), Knoblauch und Zistrose. Sowohl innerlich wie auch äußerlich kommen Kokos- und Schwarzkümmelöl zum Einsatz. Äußerlich angewandt gibt es physikalische Maßnahmen in Form von Bernsteinketten, speziellen Anhängern und Babypuder bzw. Kieselgur und Präparate auf der Basis von natürlichem Pyrethrum und unterschiedlichen ätherischen Ölen. Unterstützend im Sinne eines ganzheitlichen Behandlungsansatzes wirken die Herstellung und Anwendung einer Zecken-Nosode und die Bioresonanztherapie.
Platelet Shape Changes during Thrombus Formation: Role of Actin-Based Protrusions
Authors: Bender Markus , Palankar Raghavendra
Published: February 2021

Platelet activation and aggregation are essential to limit blood loss at sites of vascular injury but may also lead to occlusion of diseased vessels. The platelet cytoskeleton is a critical component for proper hemostatic function. Platelets change their shape after activation and their contractile machinery mediates thrombus stabilization and clot retraction. In vitro studies have shown that platelets, which come into contact with proteins such as fibrinogen, spread and first form filopodia and then lamellipodia, the latter being plate-like protrusions with branched actin filaments. However, the role of platelet lamellipodia in hemostasis and thrombus formation has been unclear until recently. This short review will briefly summarize the recent findings on the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton and lamellipodial structures to platelet function.
Zeig mir, was du brauchst – Kommunikation mit Säuglingen und ihren Eltern
Authors: Sinai Alexandra
Published: February 2021

Die Therapie von Säuglingen und die damit untrennbar verbundene Kommunikation mit Eltern ist oft eine Herausforderung für Therapeuten. Nicht immer sprechen alle Beteiligten eine Sprache. Mit Feingefühl und Empathie gelingt es aber in der Therapie, Erfolge zu erzielen und Eltern in ihrer Rolle als Begleiter zu stärken.
Die Rechtsfrage: Schlechte Bewertung bei Google, Jameda und Co. – was tun?
Authors: Ulrich Franz
Published: February 2021

„Ein nach eigener Aussage sehr zufriedener Patient macht plötzlich unsere Praxis auf einem Bewertungsportal schlecht. Ich vermute, das liegt daran, dass wir ihn nach ausbleibender Zahlung angemahnt haben. Wie können wir uns gegen solche Bewertungen wehren?“

Therapeutin via E-Mail
Würden Sie einen behinderten Kollegen einstellen? – Mitarbeiter mit Behinderungen
Authors: von Eisenhart Rothe Anna
Published: February 2021

Auch Mitarbeiter können von physischen oder psychischen Einschränkungen betroffen sein. Wie gehen wir Therapeuten dann mit unseren Angestellten und Kollegen um?
Glomus tumors of the upper extremity
Authors: Çevik Hüseyin Bilgehan , Çiçek Çagla Amutkan , Kayahan Sibel , Gümüstas Seyit Ali , Filinte Gaye Taylan
Published: February 2021

Background Glomus tumors are uncommon and painful benign perivascular neoplasms. They usually occur in the subungual region of phalanx, and present with a classic clinical triad of localized tenderness, cold hypersensitivity, and excruciating paroxysmal pain. The aim of this study was to review 45 cases of glomus tumor according to the clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics, and the clinical and functional outcomes of surgical treatment.

Materials and methods A retrospective review was made of 45 glomus tumors of the upper extremity operated on between June 2005 and January 2019. Data were collected of demographic characteristics and the diagnostic, immunohistochemical, therapeutic and postoperative clinical findings.

Results The patients comprised 69 % females and 31 % males with a median age of 41 years at the time of surgery. The most commonly affected anatomic location was the digits (87 %). Of the 39 cases with an affected digit, there was a predominance of the middle finger in 28 % and the peri-subungual area in 51 %. There was no recurrence or need for secondary surgical intervention in any patient in this study. The mean QuickDASH score was 1.47 at mean 66 months follow-up.

Conclusions Glomus tumor, which is usually seen in the middle finger of middle-aged women, presents with excruciating paroxysmal pain out of proportion to the tumor size. The long-term outcomes after surgical loupe-assisted surgery with a transungual approach were seen to be good, without local recurrence and an acceptable rate of postoperative nail dystrophy.
Anatomische Aspekte zur endoskopischen Dekompression beim Interosseus-anterior-Syndrom
Authors: Damert Hans-Georg , Fischer Karin , Rothkötter Hermann-Josef , Mehling Isabella
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund Die Dekompression des Nervus interosseus anterior beim gleichnamigen Syndrom (syn. Kiloh-Nevin-Syndrom) kann sowohl offen als auch endoskopisch erfolgen. Bei der endoskopischen Dekompression dienen äußere anatomische Landmarken als Orientierung. Ziel der Studie war es, den Ort der Aufteilung des Nervus medianus im Verhältnis zum Ellenbogengelenk zu bestimmen, um so die Präparation bei der endoskopischen Dekompression zu erleichtern.

Material und Methoden An 31 Leichen wurde der Nervus medianus in seinem Verlauf präpariert und der Abgang des Nervus interosseus anterior in Bezug auf das Ellenbogengelenk untersucht. Als äußere anatomische Landmarke wurde eine Linie zwischen den Kondylen des distalen Humerus gezogen und die Distanz bis zum Abgang des Nervus interosseus anterior vom Nervus medianus bestimmt.

Ergebnisse Die anatomischen Untersuchungen erfolgten an 62 Armen. Es handelte sich um 11 Formalin-fixierte und 20 kälte-asservierte Leichen. Die interkondyläre Distanz betrug durchschnittlich 7,2 cm ± 0,5 (Min. 5,8; Max. 7,8). Der Abgang des N. interosseus anterior aus dem N. medianus fand sich durchschnittlich 39 mm ± 18 (Min. 8, Max. 80) distal der interkondylären Linie; 12-mal lag er weniger als 2 cm distal davon. Die Entfernung zwischen der interkondylären Linie und dem Abgang des N. interosseus posterior aus dem N. medianus korrelierte mit der Länge des Oberarmes, aber nicht mit dem Kondylenabstand.

Schlussfolgerung Der N. interosseus anterior zweigt im Mittel ca. 4 cm distal der interkondylären Linie aus dem N. medianus ab. In ca. 20 % liegt die Abzweigung des N. interosseus anterior aus dem N. medianus weniger als 2 cm distal der interkondylären Linie. Dies ist für die endoskopische Technik von Bedeutung und sollte beachtet werden.
Auftreten von Harnsteinen – alters-, rasse- und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Hunden aus Deutschland
Authors: Breu Doris , Stieger Nicole , Müller Elisabeth
Published: February 2021

Ergebnisse Bei den Steinen handelte es sich um Struvit (44,7 %), Kalziumoxalat-Monohydrat (Whewellit, 24,5 %), Cystin (15,2 %), Ammoniumurat (5,3 %), Kalziumoxalat-Dihydrat (Weddellit, 4,4 %), Kalziumphosphat (1,6 %), Xanthin (1,2 %), Whewellit/Weddellit (1,1 %), Brushit (0,4 %) und andere Substanzen 1,7 %. Das mediane Alter (Jahre) der Hunde betrug bei Struvit 8, bei Kalziumoxalaten (Whewellit und Weddellit) 10, bei Cystin 5, bei Brushit 11, bei Xanthin 6,5 und bei Ammoniumurat 6. Bei weiblich-intakten (83,8 %) und weiblich-kastrierten (80,8 %) Individuen kamen Struvitsteine am häufigsten vor, während bei männlich-intakten Hunden Cystinsteine (36,7 %) und Kalziumoxalate (35,5 % Whewellit und Weddellit) dominierten. Kastrierte Rüden hatten zu 50,0 % Kalziumoxalat, zu 17,3 % Struvit und zu 10,5 % Cystinsteine. Struvitsteine ließen sich am häufigsten bei den Rassen Mops (75,9 %), Labrador (73,1 %), Shih Tzu (62,2 %), Dackel (50,4 %) und Malteser (36 %) nachweisen, Kalziumoxalate bei den Rassen Zwergschnauzer (54,8 %), Jack Russell Terrier (49,5 %) sowie Yorkshire Terrier (48,2 %). Cystin trat am häufigsten bei den Rassen Französische Bulldogge (47,2 %), Bulldogge (44,8 %), Chihuahua (44,1 %) und Dackel (32,8 %) auf.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Hunde aus Deutschland zeigten alters-, geschlechts- und rassespezifische Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit des Auftretens von Harnsteinen. Die Kenntnis über ein gehäuftes Vorkommen unterschiedlicher Harnsteinarten in Deutschland sowie über eine mögliche Rassedisposition ermöglicht dem Tierarzt, ein zielgerichtetes Monitoring zur Prophylaxe und Metaphylaxe zu etablieren und gemeinsam mit dem Tierbesitzer einen geeigneten Therapieplan zu erstellen.
New Opportunities for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Stroke: The Benefits of Across Border Approaches
Authors: Vivien Denis
Published: February 2021

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability, with its treatment not yet optimal. It is thus mandatory to make preclinical research on this topic more efficient. This review summarizes current development of research aimed to improve diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke. For more details, see our recent review published in Lancet Neurology.
Extrakorporale Magnetotransduktionstherapie (EMTT) und hochenergetische fokussierte elektromagnetische extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) zur Knochenstimulation bei metakarpaler Pseudarthrose – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Knobloch Karsten
Published: February 2021

Es wird berichtet über eine Pseudarthrose des Metakarpale V, bei der die Kombination einer hochenergetischen fokussierten elektromagnetischen extrakorporalen Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) mit einer extrakorporalen Magnetotransduktionstherapie (EMTT) innerhalb von 6 Wochen zu einer Verbesserung der Einheilung eines Knochenblockes vom Beckenkamm führte.
A non-invasive acoustic-trapping of zebrafish microfluidics
Authors: Mani Karthick , Chen Chia-Yuan
Published: February 2021

Zebrafish is an emerging alternative model in behavioral and neurological studies for pharmaceutical applications. However, little is known regarding the effects of noise exposure on laboratory-grown zebrafish. Accordingly, this study commenced by exposing zebrafish embryos to loud background noise (≥200 Hz, 80 ± 10 dB) for five days in a microfluidic environment. The noise exposure was found to affect the larvae hatching rate, larvae length, and swimming performance. A microfluidic platform was then developed for the sorting/trapping of hatched zebrafish larvae using a non-invasive method based on light cues and acoustic actuation. The experimental results showed that the proposed method enabled zebrafish larvae to be transported and sorted into specific chambers of the microchannel network in the desired time frame. The proposed non-invasive trapping method thus has potentially profound applications in drug screening.
Giant topological Hall effect around room temperature in noncollinear ferromagnet NdMn2Ge2 single crystal
Authors: Zheng Xianming , Zhao Xuanwei , Qi Ji , Luo Xiaohua , Ma Shengcan , Chen Changcai , Zeng Hai , Yu Guang , Fang Nao , Rehman Sajjad Ur , Ren Weijun , Li Bing , Zhong Zhenchen
Published: February 2021

We report the observation of the giant topological Hall effect near room temperature in a complex noncollinear ferromagnet NdMn2Ge2 single crystal. Three successive magnetic transitions are observed below 400 K, including a spin reorientation transition at TSR = 215 K. The complex noncollinear magnetic structures give rise to anomalous transport behaviors. When the current flows along the a axis and the magnetic field is applied along the c axis, the anomalous Hall effect is observed, which is found to be dominated by the skew scattering mechanism. Strikingly, a giant topological Hall effect appears in a wide temperature range, which stems from the noncollinear spin configuration with finite scalar spin chirality. The topological Hall resistivity reaches the maximum of −1.35 μΩ cm at 300 K and drops slightly with temperature until below TSR. These results suggest that the NdMn2Ge2 single crystal would be a promising topological material for spintronic applications at room temperature.
Electronic structure behavior of PbO2, IrO2, and SnO2 metal oxide surfaces (110) with dissociatively adsorbed water molecules as a function of the chemical potential
Authors: Islas-Vargas Claudia , Guevara-García Alfredo , Galván Marcelo
Published: February 2021

A detailed analysis of the electronic structure of three different electrochemical interfaces as a function of the chemical potential (μ) is performed using the grand canonical density functional theory in the joint density functional theory formulation. Changes in the average number of electrons and the density of states are also described. The evaluation of the global softness, which measures the tendency of the system to gain or lose electrons, is straightforward under this formalism. The observed behavior of these quantities depends on the electronic nature of the electrochemical interfaces.
Vibrational heat-bath configuration interaction
Authors: Fetherolf Jonathan H. , Berkelbach Timothy C.
Published: February 2021

We introduce vibrational heat-bath configuration interaction (VHCI) as an accurate and efficient method for calculating vibrational eigenstates of anharmonic systems. Inspired by its origin in electronic structure theory, VHCI is a selected CI approach that uses a simple criterion to identify important basis states with a pre-sorted list of anharmonic force constants. Screened second-order perturbation theory and simple extrapolation techniques provide significant improvements to variational energy estimates. We benchmark VHCI on four molecules with 12–48 degrees of freedom and use anharmonic potential energy surfaces truncated at fourth and sixth orders. When compared to other methods using the same truncated potentials, VHCI produces vibrational spectra of tens or hundreds of states with sub-wavenumber accuracy at low computational cost.
Spectral properties of the dynamic state transition in metal halide perovskite-based memristor exhibiting negative capacitance
Authors: Gonzales Cedric , Guerrero Antonio , Bisquert Juan
Published: February 2021

The evolution of device properties in memristor switching between high- and low-resistance states is critical for applications and is still highly subjected to significant ambiguity. Here, we present the dynamic state transition in a 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite-based memristor device, measured via impedance spectroscopy. The spectral evolution of the transition exhibits a significant transformation of the low frequency arc to a negative capacitance arc, further decreasing the device resistance. The capacitance–frequency evolution of the device indicates that the appearance of the negative capacitance is intimately related to a slow kinetic phenomenon due to ionic migration and redistribution occurring at the perovskite/metal contact interface. In contrast, no negative capacitance arc is observed during the state transition of a memristor device where the contact is passivated by an undoped Spiro-OMeTAD interfacial layer. The switching mechanisms are entirely different, one due to interface transformation and the other due to filamentary formation.
Effects of linker flexibility on phase behavior and structure of linked colloidal gels
Authors: Howard Michael P. , Sherman Zachary M. , Sreenivasan Adithya N , Valenzuela Stephanie A. , Anslyn Eric V. , Milliron Delia J. , Truskett Thomas M.
Published: February 2021

Colloidal nanocrystal gels can be assembled using a difunctional “linker” molecule to mediate bonding between nanocrystals. The conditions for gelation and the structure of the gel are controlled macroscopically by the linker concentration and microscopically by the linker’s molecular characteristics. Here, we demonstrate using a toy model for a colloid–linker mixture that linker flexibility plays a key role in determining both phase behavior and the structure of the mixture. We fix the linker length and systematically vary its bending stiffness to span the flexible, semiflexible, and rigid regimes. At fixed linker concentration, flexible-linker and rigid-linker mixtures phase separate at low colloid volume fractions, in agreement with predictions of first-order thermodynamic perturbation theory, but the semiflexible-linker mixtures do not. We correlate and attribute this qualitatively different behavior to undesirable “loop” linking motifs that are predicted to be more prevalent for linkers with end-to-end distances commensurate with the locations of chemical bonding sites on the colloids. Linker flexibility also influences the spacing between linked colloids, suggesting strategies to design gels with desired phase behavior, structure, and, by extension, structure-dependent properties.
Wavefront shaping and modulation with resonant electro-optic phase gradient metasurfaces
Authors: Barton D. , Lawrence M. , Dionne J.
Published: February 2021

Phase gradient metasurfaces have revolutionized modern optical components by significantly reducing the path length of bulk optics while maintaining high performance. However, their geometric design makes dynamic modulation challenging, with devices facing a trade-off between the modulation range and efficiency. Here, we introduce Silicon-on-Lithium Niobate (LNO) high-Quality-factor (high-Q) metasurfaces for efficient electro-optic wavefront shaping and modulation. Periodic perturbations within Si metasurface elements allow incident light to be weakly coupled into guided modes, generating high-Q resonances that manifest in the far-field diffraction spectrum. The near field of each Si element spatially overlaps with the LNO substrate, enabling electrically tunable modulation of the resonant frequency. Using full-field simulations, we demonstrate near-infrared, dynamically tunable beamsteering, and beamsplitting metasurfaces. First, we demonstrate beamsteering metasurfaces whose +1st order diffracted intensity can be modulated from 70% to 7% absolute efficiency near the resonant frequency with applied electric fields of order V/μm. Next, we design a tunable beam splitter, switching between direct, 0th order transmission and beamsplitting with the application of 30 V across the metasurface. Our high-Q electro-optic metasurfaces provide a foundation for efficient, time-dependent transfer functions in subwavelength footprints.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity of layered indium selenide
Authors: Rai Akash , Sangwan Vinod K. , Gish J. Tyler , Hersam Mark C. , Cahill David G.
Published: February 2021

Layered indium selenide (InSe) has emerged as a promising two-dimensional semiconductor due to its high electron mobility and direct optical bandgap in the few-layer limit. As InSe is integrated into high-performance electronic and optoelectronic systems, thermal management will become critical, thus motivating detailed characterization of intrinsic thermal properties. Here, we report the room-temperature thermal conductivity of exfoliated crystals of InSe along the through-plane and in-plane directions using conventional and beam offset time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR), respectively. InSe crystals with varying thicknesses were prepared by mechanical exfoliation onto Si(100) wafers followed by immediate encapsulation with a 3-nm-thick AlOx passivation layer to prevent ambient degradation prior to coating with metal films for TDTR measurements. The measured thermal conductivity in the in-plane direction, Λin ≈ 8.5 ± 2 W/m K, is an order of magnitude higher than that in the through-plane direction, Λthrough ≈ 0.76±0.15 W/m K, which implies a high thermal anisotropy ≈11 ± 3. These relatively high anisotropy and low thermal conductivity compared to other layered semiconductors imply that InSe will require unique thermal management considerations when implemented in electronic, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric applications.
Crafting a Community Blueprint towards ending HIV transmission and AIDS in Singapore by 2030
Authors: Banerjee Sumita , Chan Roy
Published: February 2021

In November 2019, Action for AIDS launched the Community Blueprint Towards Ending HIV and AIDS in Singapore by 2030, a key milestone in the country’s HIV movement where a roadmap was developed with strategies to end HIV by 2030. Overall, 60 representatives from 30 community organisations and institutions were convened to plan and lead work on the Blueprint, which covers 10 themes. The Blueprint examines the current state of the epidemic and populations most affected by it: heterosexual males with multiple partners, men who have sex with men, sex workers, transgender persons, and persons who use drugs. It assesses existing programs, estimates gaps and recommends strategies and resources needed to close the gap. The second section of the Blueprint explores cross-cutting themes including: stigma and discrimination; strengthening the HIV community workforce; and scaling up pre-exposure prophylaxis. The Blueprint provides key recommendations and is being discussed with the Ministry of Health.
Nonlinear convergence boosts information coding in circuits with parallel outputs
Authors: Gutierrez Gabrielle J. , Rieke Fred , Shea-Brown Eric T.
Published: February 2021

Significance

Computation in neural circuits relies on a common set of motifs, including divergence of common inputs to parallel pathways, convergence of multiple inputs to a single neuron, and nonlinearities that select some signals over others. Convergence and circuit nonlinearities, considered separately, can lead to a loss of information about inputs. Past work has detailed how optimized nonlinearities and circuit weights can maximize information, but here, we show that incorporating noninvertible nonlinearities into a circuit with divergence and convergence can enhance encoded information, despite the suboptimality of these components individually. This study extends a broad literature on efficient coding to convergent circuits. Our results suggest that neural circuits may preserve more information using suboptimal components than one might expect.
Lawmakers' use of scientific evidence can be improved
Authors: Crowley D. Max , Scott J. Taylor , Long Elizabeth C. , Green Lawrie , Israel Azaliah , Supplee Lauren , Jordan Elizabeth , Oliver Kathryn , Guillot-Wright Shannon , Gay Brittany , Storace Rachel , Torres-Mackie Naomi , Murphy Yolanda , Donnay Sandra , Reardanz Jenna , Smith Rebecca , McGuire Kristina , Baker Elizabeth , Antonopoulos Ana , McCauley Mary , Giray Cagla
Published: February 2021

Significance

This study is an experimental trial that demonstrates the potential for formal outreach strategies to change congressional use of research. Our results show that collaboration between policy and research communities can change policymakers’ value of science and result in legislation that appears to be more inclusive of research evidence. The findings of this study also demonstrated changes in researchers’ knowledge and motivation to engage with policymakers as well as their actual policy engagement behavior. Together, the observed changes in both policymakers and researchers randomized to receive an intervention for supporting legislative use of research evidence (i.e., the Research-to-Policy Collaboration model) provides support for the underlying theories around the social nature of research translation and evidence use.
Nile Red fluorescence spectroscopy reports early physicochemical changes in myelin with high sensitivity
Authors: Teo Wulin , Caprariello Andrew V. , Morgan Megan L. , Luchicchi Antonio , Schenk Geert J. , Joseph Jeffrey T. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Stys Peter K.
Published: February 2021

Significance

Many diseases of the nervous system affect white matter and myelin, the critical lipid-rich insulating material enveloping axons. We report a method based on solvatochromic fluorescent probes and spectral microscopy that detects very early pathological changes in myelin in both a rodent model and in postmortem human multiple sclerosis brain at a stage that precedes overt histological myelin loss. Our method reveals that multiple sclerosis white matter exhibits widespread changes in myelin dielectric constant in areas distant from typical inflammatory demyelinating lesions. Fluorescence spectroscopy using solvatochromic lipid probes such as Nile Red has the ability to report, with high sensitivity and in a quantitative manner, early physicochemical changes in cells and tissues that precede pathological alterations detectable by conventional histological methods.