bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risks of cerebrovascular disorders associated with combined hormonal contraceptives
Authors: Novosartyan M. G.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Cerebral circulation disorders (CCD) hold the third place in the structure of complications coupled to combined oral contraceptives (СОСs). Acute disturbance of the cerebral blood supply is the main etiological factor for such complication; and hidden predisposition to thrombotic conditions such as thrombophilia plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis, which is manifested due to administered hormonal contraceptives.

Aim: to assess rate of detected genetic thrombophilic hemostatic defects, congenital and acquired ADAMTS-13 deficiency, antiphospholipid antibodies (APA), antibodies to phospholipid cofactors, hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with CCD administered with СОСs.

Materials and Methods. A prospective analysis of 89 COCs use cases in women of reproductive age was carried out, among which 60 cases were selected for this study satisfying to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group I consisted of 30 patients manifested with various CCD types due to COCs use, group II – 30 women taking COCs for at least 1 year lacking any thrombotic complications.

Results. Women administered with COCs are at the peak CCD risk within the first 2 months after the onset. Somatic diseases differed little in patients from groups I and II. In group I, 5 (41.7 %) patients with venous thrombosis did not have classical thrombophilia, but 4 (33.3 %) women had anti-ADAMTS-13 antibodies combined with elevated von Willebrand factor (vWF) level. Inherited thrombophilia was less prevalent in patients with arterial thrombosis and transient ischemic attack (TIA): 1 (5.5 %) case of Leiden factor V mutation compared to patients with venous blood flow disorders (p < 0.05). Such patients more frequently had criterial APA (61.1 %), so that 5 (27.8 %) patients were found to have more than one type of criterial APA. In 4 (22.2 %) cases these were patients with ischemic stroke, 3 (37.5 %) of which had combination of three criterial APA (triple positivity) and 1 (12.5 %) had two criterial APA (double positivity); among them detection rate of criterial APA was 50.0 %. One patient (double positivity) was with TIA.

Conclusion. It was found that: i) genetic and acquired factors were identified at high rate in patients with CCD administered with COCs, contributing to coagulopathy (86.7 %); ii) in case of venous thrombotic CCD coupled to administered COCs, inherited thrombophilia (58.3 %) prevails, in arterial thrombosis – APA circulation (50.0 %); iii) etiopathogenetic role of APA circulation in impaired cerebral blood flow depends on antibody type (criterial APA) and titer; iv) preexisting hypercoagulability leading to CCD coupled to COCs may be linked to several thrombophilic defects unrelated to classical thrombophilia.
Oral Care in Kindler Syndrome: 7-Year Follow-up of 2 Brothers
Authors: Blanchet Isabelle , Tardieu Corinne , Casazza Estelle
Published: March 2021

Background: Kindler poikiloderma is an inherited autosomal genodermatosis characterized by blistering of the epidermis and mucosae. Its prevalence is unknown. Case report: We monitored two brothers suffering from this pathology. Oral manifestations mainly take the form of periodontal lesions. In our patients we noted gingivitis progressing to periodontitis as follow-up care was not effective. We also diagnosed enamel hypoplasia, described more rarely in this pathology. Conclusion: Periodontitis in Kindler Syndrome responds to maintenance therapy, but the absence of surveillance is penalized by a deterioration in periodontal condition and complication of management. All restorative, endodontic, surgical, periodontal and orthodontic treatments should be performed with appropriate precautions.
The OGS–Northeastern Italy Seismic and Deformation Network: Current Status and Outlook
Authors: Bragato Pier Luigi , Comelli Paolo , Saraò Angela , Zuliani David , Moratto Luca , Poggi Valerio , Rossi Giuliana , Scaini Chiara , Sugan Monica , Barnaba Carla , Bernardi Paolo , Bertoni Michele , Bressan Gianni , Compagno Alessio , Del Negro Elvio , Di Bartolomeo Paolo , Fabris Paolo , Garbin Marco , Grossi Maurizio , Magrin Andrea , Magrin Enrico , Pesaresi Damiano , Petrovic Bojana , Linares Milton Percy Plasencia , Romanelli Marco , Snidarcig Adriano , Tunini Lavinia , Urban Sandro , Venturini Elisa , Parolai Stefano
Published: March 2021

In this article, we describe the infrastructure developed and managed by the Italian National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS for the seismological and geodetic monitoring of northeastern Italy. The infrastructure was constituted in response to the ML 6.4 Friuli destructive earthquake of 1976, with the main mandate of supporting civil protection emergency activities.

The OGS monitoring infrastructure is presently composed of a seismometric and a strong-motion network, complemented by a number of Global Navigation Satellite Systems stations, each delivering observational data in real time, which are collected and processed by the headquarters of the Center for Seismological Research of OGS in Udine. The OGS networks operate in close cooperation with Italian and international networks from neighboring countries, within the framework of the agreements for real-time data exchange, to obtain improved rapid earthquake location and magnitude estimations. Information regarding seismic events is released to the public through a dedicated web portal and, since 2013, through social media.

Aside from the standard monitoring activities (>30,000 events have been recorded since 1976), the OGS has progressively increased the number of services to the public and to the Civil Protection of the Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto regions. The high availability of good quality data has resulted in the enhancement of scientific products, including advanced seismological studies of the area, spanning broadly from seismic source characterization to engineering seismology.

In the future, the OGS networks are expected to further contribute to the development of seismological research and monitoring infrastructures of the Central European region.
Determination of the Factors Affecting Turkish Olive Producer’s Adoption of Good Agricultural Practices in Marmara Region of Turkey
Authors: PİLAK Cenap , ÜLGER Salih
Published: March 2021

This study was carried out with 63 farmers using good agricultural practices (GAP) in olive production in five districts of Balıkesir, Bursa and Tekirdag provinces located in the Marmara Region of Turkey by conducting a questionnaire survey. The farmers with GAP certificate produce either Gemlik (71.4%) or (28.6%) Ayvalık varieties. Survey forms were handed out to contract-based producers in November 2017 during olive harvest period. The data were evaluated using SPSS statistical program. The results showed that average size of farms producing olive oil with GAP are generally 60-65 decares (da) in size. The average age of olive producers is 58.7, who have been producing olives for an average of 39 years with an average GAP experience of 2.4 years. A positive relationship was evident between lower level of education and late adoption of GAP. The most important problem faced by growers was Verticillium wilting, followed by olive fly in recent years. The study revealed that the absence of a significant difference in the prices of olives and olive oils grown with or without GAP reduced the attractiveness of GAP production. Moreover, because of the lack of price policy in olives grown with GAP, olives are marketed along with conventionally produced ones in an equal conditions in the domestic market.
Cumplimiento de los indicadores de gestión del riesgo en salud del modelo de atención en pacientes con hemofilia A y B en una entidad administradora de planes de beneficios
Authors: Ocoro Diana Karolina , Murillo Francia Helena
Published: March 2021

Introducción: En Colombia la hemofilia es considerada la enfermedad huérfana de mayor prevalencia y mayor impacto económico para el sistema de salud colombiano. Por su difícil manejo, diagnóstico, tratamiento, gravedad, discapacidad, mortalidad e impacto social, se requiere fortalecer la gestión del riesgo para disminuir la carga de enfermedad y evidenciarlo con resultados positivos en los indicadores del consenso de hemofilia.Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento de los indicadoresde gestión del riesgo en salud del modelo de atención integral en pacientes con hemofilia A y B año 2018 en una entidad administradora de planes de beneficios (EAPB) de Colombia.Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo yretrospectivo en una población de pacientes hombres diagnosticados con hemofilia A y B. Se analizaron 122 registros clínicos reportados por una EAPB en el reporte de la cuenta de alto costo (CAC) de Hemofilia. Se calcularon los indicadores definidos por la CAC y se evaluaron 18 indicadores, 13 de resultado y 5 de proceso.Resultados: El 39% de los indicadores cumple con el estándar propuesto por el consenso de indicadores de CAC. El no cumplimiento de indicadores fue mayor en la población mayor a 20 años.Conclusión: En el estudio se encontró un bajo porcentaje de cumplimiento en los indicadores de gestión del riesgo y Los factores relacionados al no cumplimiento fueron: la población mayor a 20 años, La severidad moderado-severo de la hemofilia y la presencia de inhibidores
Assessment of Factors Influencing Production, Consumption and Utilization of Indigenous Vegetables in Kabuoch Location, Homa Bay County
Authors: Shaida Adera , Nyamwamu Charles  N. , Mwamburi Lizzy
Published: March 2021

Indigenous vegetables are important sources of both macro and micronutrients which are important for a healthy body. In addition, they also play a role in food security because most are fast maturing therefore being a valuable source of vitamins all the year round and are mostly used as an accompaniment with a staple cereals-based diet such as ugali. Therefore, they encourage the consumption and cultivation of indigenous leafy vegetables. This study sought to carry out an assessment of indigenous vegetables produced, utilization and factors influencing their production and consumption among residents of Kabuoch location, Homa bay County. A household survey was carried out to collect primary data. Five administrative sub-locations were randomly sampled for the study. Twenty households were purposively sampled from each sub-location to make a sample size of 120 households. Questionnaires were used in data collection. The questionnaire contained both open ended and closed ended questions. Questionnaires were administered to 120 households to collect data on production, knowledge on utilization of indigenous vegetables and factors influencing their cultivation. Data collected was subjected to both descriptive and inferential analysis. Only 10 indigenous vegetables were found to be cultivated. Black night shade (Solanum nigrum) and Cowpea leaves (Vigna unguiculata) being greatly preferred by most households. However, most households regarded indigenous vegetables as food meant expectant and lactating mothers. Attitude and wrong perceptions were found to be primary factors influencing production and consumption of indigenous vegetables in Kabuoch location, Homa bay County. There is need to create awareness on the value of indigenous vegetables, intensification of conservation and introduction of more indigenous vegetables to the community in order to enhance food security.
Dosimetric comparison of organs at risk with three-dimensional conformal radiation, intensity-modulated radiation and volumetric-modulated arc therapy in cervical cancer: a cross sectional study
Authors: Antony Febin , K. Mathew Varghese , C. Jomon Raphael , G. Paul Gopu , Sivakumar S.
Published: March 2021

Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) are the three main radiotherapy treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Whether either technique significantly reduces the radiation exposure to organs at risk remains unclear. We dosimetrically compared the irradiated volumes of bone marrow, bladder and rectum in cervical cancer patients using 3DCRT, IMRT and VMAT techniques in those patients with FIGO stage IIIB cervical cancer, receiving chemo irradiation at our institute.  A total of 10 patients were dosimetrically compared. Significant reduction in V10, V20, V30, V40, V50 Gy of bone marrow was observed with IMRT and VMAT when compared to 3DCRT. Similar results were seen with V20, V30, V40, V50 Gy of bladder, and V40, V50 Gy of rectum. While comparing IMRT and VMAT, statistically significant dose reduction was noted in V20 Gy of bone marrow and V20 and V30 Gy of bladder with VMAT. When compared with 3DCRT the use of IMRT and/or VMAT reduced the radiation exposure to bone marrow, bladder, and rectum volumes at various radiation dose levels. VMAT can further reduce the radiation exposure to bone marrow and bladder when compared with IMRT. Thus, we propose the use of VMAT in cervical cancer to reduce the OAR toxicities.
Vehículos autónomos y el rol del sector público: Sandbox regulatorio: Guía para formuladores de política en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Rodríguez Paola , Calatayud Agustina , Riobó Alexander
Published: March 2021

Los beneficios asociados a los vehículos autónomos pueden tener un impacto transformacional en el sector, contribuyendo a un transporte más eficiente, inclusivo y sostenible. Sin embargo, dado el estado embrionario en el despliegue de la tecnología, estos potenciales beneficios aún no se encuentran del todo probados en la realidad. Asimismo, existe una serie de riesgos asociados al vehículo autónomo, que requieren del accionar de los reguladores para su mitigación. En este contexto, el sector público deberá jugar un rol clave en el diseño de un marco regulador que reduzca las barreras de entrada y fomente la innovación en el sector, al tiempo que garantice la implementación tecnológica con adecuados grados de seguridad, confiabilidad y funcionalidad. A su vez, este marco regulatorio debe ser lo suficientemente flexible para adaptarse a medida que evoluciona la tecnología. Los países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) se encuentran muy rezagados en los ámbitos de investigación, testeo y debate público de esta tecnología en comparación a países avanzados. Con el fin de contribuir a cerrar esta brecha, este documento identifica las prácticas más habituales y lecciones aprendidas en diez países líderes a nivel mundial, para guiar las iniciativas que se realicen en la región. El enfoque que se ha identificado mayoritariamente en esta muestra de geografías ha sido el de sandbox regulatorio, conforme al cual se van desarrollando pruebas mientras la tecnología madura, creando entornos seguros y que permitan la innovación. Así, en este documento se presenta una guía para implementar sandboxes regulatorios de despliegue de vehículos autónomos en ALC.
Orthoptic parameters and asthenopic symptoms analysis after 3D viewing at varying distances
Authors:   Department of Optometry, Ahalia School of Optometry, Palakkad 678557, India, Joseph Oleeviya , Jacob Sajeev Cherian ,   Department of Glaucoma & BV, Ahalia Foundation Eye Hospital, Palakkad 678557, India, Kalikivayi Venkataramana ,   Department of Optometry, Ahalia School of Optometry, Palakkad 678557, India
Published: March 2021

AIM: To analyse visual modifications such as amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergence (NPC) reopsis and near phoria associated with asthenopic symptoms after 3D viewing at varying distances.
METHODS: A prospective study. Thirty young adults were randomly selected. Each individual was exposed to 3D viewing thrice in a day for a fixed distance and the distance was varied on three consecutive days. Same video of equal duration and different screen sizes were used for every distance. Cyclic 3D mode of K-multimedia player was used for projecting the 3D video. Different variables like stereopsis, amplitude of accommodation, near point of accommodation, near phoria and asthenopic symptoms were recorded immediately after 3D video viewing. Stereopsis was measured with “Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek” or “Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research” (TNO test), amplitude of accommodation and NPC were measured using Royal Air Force (RAF) ruler, near phoria was measured using prism bar and a closed ended sample questionnaire was used to know the occurrence of asthenopic symptoms. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test etc. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square test.
RESULTS: For every distance of 40 cm, 3 m and 6 m, amplitude of accommodation was significantly reduced by 0.66 D, 1.12 D and 1.44 D. NPC got significantly receded by 0.63 cm, 0.93 cm and 1.23 cm, and the near phoria was significantly increased by 0.87, and 2.2 prism dioptres (PD) base-in respectively. It was found that most of the subjects got pain around the eyes; headache and irritation for each viewing distance. This study also revealed that 3D video viewing in theaters may increase the symptoms of headache, watering and irritation. Symptoms like headache, watering, fatigue, irritation and nausea may increase considerably at home environment and symptoms such as headache and watering may cause significant discomfort by 3D viewing using a laptop.
CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in amplitude of accommodation, NPC, near phoria and asthenopic symptoms before and after viewing a 3D video and also at three viewing distances. There was a predominant occurrence of asthenopic symptoms after 3D video viewing at different distances.
OCT as a monitoring tool for assessment of the stage and severity of multiple sclerosis
Authors:   Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel, Pikkel Yoav Yechezkel , Igal Vadim ,   Bar Ilan University, Safed 13100, Israel, Igal Yael Sara Pikkel ,   Bar Ilan University, Safed 13100, Israel, Nov-Sharabi Adi ,   Tel-Hai Academic College 1220800, Israel.; Research Wing, Ziv Medical Center, Safed 13100, Israel, Armon-Omer Ayelet ,   Tel-Hai Academic College 1220800, Israel., Shahien Radi ,   Department of Neurology, Ziv Medical Center, Safed 13100, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 13100, Israel, Pikkel Joseph ,   Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 13100, Israel; Ophthalmology Department, Ziv Medical Center, Safed 13100, Israel
Published: March 2021

AIM: To identify a link between optical coherence tomography (OCT), length of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS).
METHODS: In a prospective double blind study, 29 patients with a diagnosis of MS were compared with 29 healthy patients, matched by age and sex. All participants underwent an OCT study and neurological EDSS test on the same day.
RESULTS: The mean EDSS score was 3.2 in the MS group vs 0.03 in the control group, and the duration of MS is 11.7y. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was significantly thinner in those with MS (P<0.001). Correlation was found between duration of MS and RNFL thinning. EDSS and thinning of RNFL showed a tendency to correlate but without statistical significance.
Study of the resistance pattern and alteration in the conjunctival flora of patients exposed to repeated antibiotics
Authors:   Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini 11562, Egypt, Khattab Rania Abdelmonem , Fahmy Iman ,   Department Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza 12556, Egypt
Published: March 2021

AIM: To investigate and analyze the changes in the conjunctival flora of patients exposed to repeated antibiotic usage. In addition, determining the effects of this repeated exposure on the resistance pattern of the conjunctival flora.
METHODS: This study included 40 patients, admitted to the Retina Unit of the Research Institute of Ophthalmology. All chosen patients had a minimum of 4 consecutive, monthly intravitreal injections (IVI), some were extended to 6mo or 1y as required. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups and each group received one kind of antibiotic which was either ofloxacin, moxifloxacin or ceftazidime. All bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique.
RESULTS: In this study the conjunctival normal flora at base line culture varied from a predominance of Staphylococcus epidermidis (51.2%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus 14% to Micrococcus species 12.8% and other coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) 13%. Our results showed an increase in the percentage of Staphylococcus epidermidis among ceftazidime treated eyes during the four visits in comparison to baseline cultures of patients randomized to ceftazidime. In contrast, there was no noticeable increase in Staphylococcus aureus percentage from baseline. In fluoroquinolone treated eyes, we also observed an increase in percentage of Staphylococcus epidermidis from base line. In contrast to ceftazidime treated eyes, the Staphylococcus aureus percentage in fluoroquinolone treated eyes showed an increase from baseline. However, the pattern of the ocular flora composition changed with the exposure to the old and newer generation of fluoroquinolones. We noticed an increase of Staphylococcus epidermidis in moxifloxacin treated eyes than that in ofloxacin treated eyes from baseline. There was no observed difference in the pattern of Staphylococcus aureus regarding exposure to older and newer generations of fluoroquinolones.
CONCLUSION: Repeated use of ophthalmic antibiotics not only alters the composition of the normal ocular flora, but also selects for resistant strains.
Clinical outcomes after femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery with implantation of the TECNIS Symfony intraocular lens
Authors:   Chongqing Aier Mega Eye Hospital, Chongqing 400060, China, Tan Ji-Lin , Yuan Shi-Man ,   Chongqing Aier Mega Eye Hospital, Chongqing 400060, China, Du Hao ,   Chongqing Aier Mega Eye Hospital, Chongqing 400060, China, Liu Xia-Lu ,   Chongqing Aier Mega Eye Hospital, Chongqing 400060, China, Ye Jian ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
Published: March 2021

AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes in terms of vision across distances (near, intermediate, and far), contrast sensitivity and subjective patient satisfaction after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) with implantation of an extended range of vision (ERV) intraocular lens (IOL).
METHODS: Forty patients (55 eyes) undergoing bilateral or monocular FLACS with implantation of the ERV IOL TECNIS Symfony (Johnson & Johnson Vision) were enrolled. Uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA) and near visual acuities (UNVA) were evaluated at 3mo after surgery, as well the defocus curve, contrast sensitivity, patient satisfaction and spectacle independence.
RESULTS: No severe complications occurred. All eyes showed a central position of the IOL in the capsular bag without tilting at 3mo after surgery. 3mo postoperative mean logMAR visual acuity at 5 m, 67 cm and 40 cm were -0.04 ±0.08, -0.17±0.22, 0.37±0.17, respectively. All patients obtained satisfactory UDVA and UIVA, as well as functional UNVA, meeting the needs of daily life. Spectacle independence rate was 94.55%. Contrast sensitivity results did not differ from those obtained with monofocal aspheric lenses. Likewise, no moderate and severe photic phenomena were reported. Mean patient satisfaction scores with distance, intermediate and near vision were 9.0, 9.0, and 7.0, respectively.
CONCLUSION: FLACS with implantation of the ERV IOL TECNIS Symfony provides a successful visual restoration at far, intermediate distance and a functional-range near vision acuity, with minimal level of disturbing photic phenomena, and high rates of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction.
Subvertir la vulneración médica: itinerarios corporales disidentes de la discapacidad en Chile
Authors: Pino-Morán Juan Andrés , Rodríguez-Garrrido Pía , Zango-Martín Inmaculada , Mora-Malo Enrico
Published: March 2021

El reconocimiento de los cuerpos disidentes de la discapacidad ofrece una situación de continua resistencia, por lo que nuestro objetivo fue analizar la vulnerabilidad y vulneración corporal de las personas activistas de la discapacidad en Chile. Para eso, entre septiembre de 2017 y febrero de 2018, se realizaron once entrevistas en profundidad utilizando la técnica de los itinerarios corporales y seis conversatorios. A través del análisis temático cualitativo, surgió la categoría central “el cambio o diferencia corporal: experiencias de fragilidad medicalizada”, y tres subcategorías: “diagnóstico corporal: la gestión institucional de las diferencias”; “tratamiento médico: corregir la anormalidad corporal y social”; y “rehabilitación: volver a funcionar como un cuerpo normativo”. Los itinerarios de las personas activistas develan la coaptación y vulneración corporal a la que son sometidas al ingresar a los dispositivos biomédicos que niegan sistemáticamente sus derechos humanos. Sin embargo, a pesar de intentar disciplinar y controlar sus cuerpos, crean estrategias para subvertir y validar sus subjetividades.
Sampah Adalah Berkah; Studi Pola Kehidupan Sosial Ekonomi Pemulung Di Sekitaran Tempat Pembuangan Ahir (TPA) Piyungan
Authors: Huzaemah Siti
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini hendak mengungkap bagaimana pola kehidupan sosial-ekonomi pemulung sampah di sekitaran tempat pembuangan ahir (TPA) di Piyungan dan apa yang menjadi  faktor-faktor masyarakat memilih profesi menjadi pemulung sekalipun secara umum pemulung dianggap sebagai kelas sosial yang rendah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis dengan mengunakan teknik pengumpulan observasi data wawancara. Teknik analisis data dengan tahapan sebagai berikut: menelaah seluruh data, mengkategorikan data, menghubungkan dengan landasan teori, dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi sosial ekonomi para pemulung di  sekitaran TPA Piyungan secara keseluruhan dapat dikategorikan dalam taraf  yang cukup baik, bahkan ada yang sampai pada taraf sangat baik, yakni  tergolong sejahtera. Hal itu terlihat dari penghasilan sehari-harinya yang dapat dikatakan lumayan, juga dari pola hidupnya yang terbilang normal layaknya masyarakat lain, yakni mempunyai tempat tinggal yang layak berdinding tembok, beralas keramik. Selain itu mereka rata-rata mempunyai kendaraan peribadi seperti motor, bahkan beberapa ada yang mobil, mempunyai aset berupa sapi, rumah, dan kendaraan pribadi. Sekalipun tidak dapat dipungkiri, masih ada juga pemulung yang kurang baik dalam arti miskin.Sedangkan alasan para pemulung memilih profesi sebagai pemulung selain karena memulung merupakan pekerjaan yang menjanjikan hasilnya, juga karena tidak adanya pilihan lain selain menjadi pemulung. Hal itu disebabkan adanya kendala-kendala seperti, tidak memiliki keahlian kusus, terbatasnya lapangan pekerjaan, tidak mempunyai modal untuk membangun usaha, serta karena faktor pendidikan yang rendah.
Динамическая характеристика пространственного развития экономики Центрально-Чернозёмного макрорегиона
Authors: Владыка Марина Валентиновна , Солнцев Денис Романович
Published: March 2021

В данной статье представлены ключевые показатели развития областей Центрально-Черноземного макрорегиона. Выделена отраслевая специализация по Белгородской области, а также проведён анализ условий, тенденций и перспектив устойчивого развития макрорегиона с учётом диверсификации экономического развития областей. Исследование показывает, что современная пространственная политика развития аграрно-индустриальных регионов, развивающихся в условиях необходимости преодоления центростремительных тенденций, должна предусматривать приоритетное развитие периферийных территорий. Выделены основные тенденции и перспективы пространственного развития исследуемой территории: концентрация экономического роста в ограниченном числе центров, рост социально-экономической роли городов; стабилизация численности населения в крупных субъектах Российской Федерации и закрепление перманентного характера в общей тенденции снижения численности населения периферийных территорий; сокращение межрегиональных социально-экономических диспропорций в рамках глобальных центростремительных тенденций; трансформация пространственной организации экономики в виде транспарентности экономических процессов. Согласно проведенному в статье анализу, объединение регионов в один макрорегион положительным образом влияет на основные показатели развития.
Необходимость учета пространственного фактора в повышении эффективности менеджмента
Authors: Денисова Евгения Дмитриевна , Куприянов Сергей Васильевич , Стариков Константин Сергеевич
Published: March 2021

Рассматриваются основные пути повышения эффективности менеджмента с разных точек зрения: школ управления, подходов к управлению, анализа внутренней и внешней среды. Все они имеют социальную основу происхождения и поэтому субъективны. Предлагается акцентировать внимание на выявление влияния объективных факторов, не зависящих от воли и желаний человека и, прежде всего, пространственного. Сюда относится ландшафт, климат, расположение по отношению к соседнему государству. Всё перечисленное составляет такое понятие как регион. Чтобы реализовать особенности своего пространственного положения, преимуществ и дополнительных возможностей при решении проблем, менеджмент таких регионов обязан быть ориентирован на учет специфики данного образования, обеспечивая тем самым адекватный ответ объективным и субъективным вызовам.
Геомаркетинговое моделирование – аналитический инструмент планирования бизнеса
Authors: Герасименко Ольга Александровна , Тхориков Борис Александрович , Титова Ирина Николаевна
Published: March 2021

В статье рассмотрены вопросы использования геомаркетингового моделирования в качестве стратегического инструмента планирования бизнеса. Проанализированы зарубежные модели геомаркетинга, их достоинства и недостатки, систематизированы математические методы (математическое моделирование, корреляционный и регрессионный анализ, факторный анализ, вариационного исчисления, главных компонент, кластерный метод, квалиметрические модели) проведения геомаркетинговых исследований. Предложена авторская геомаркетинговая модель выбора оптимального месторасположения объектов бизнеса (сбор факторов предпочтений клиентов, их значимость; определение критериев доходности бизнеса; построение радиусов потенциальных клиентов и бизнеса; сопоставление массивов данных, набор географических адресов, расчет вероятности посещения адреса; выбор оптимальных географических мест), дополнена многофакторными пространственными массивами, обозначены преимущества апробации и тиражирования модели (точность расчетов, консалтинговые услуги, использование программного продукта).
Военно-политическое сотрудничество США и Германии в 40-е годы XX в. – первые десятилетия XXI в.
Authors: Родович Юрий Владиславович
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается история военно-политического сотрудничества США и Германии с середины 1940-х годов до настоящего времени. Показаны контакты американских разведывательных органов с представителями военных и политических кругов Третьего рейха, реализация планов использования немецких военнопленных в интересах американской армии, участие США в создании вооруженных сил ФРГ. Отмечается, что после объединения Германии немецкие войска вновь появились за пределами ее границ и участвовали в многонациональных маневрах, миссиях ООН и военных операциях. Но суверенитет ФРГ ограничен в силу размещения на ее территории американских военных объектов. Попытки президента Д. Трампа переложить чрезмерное финансовое бремя США в НАТО на европейских участников не совпадают с интересами ФРГ. Поэтому действуя в рамках проекта PESCO, ФРГ совместно с Францией и их ближайшими партнерами стремится обеспечить свою безопасность в рамках ЕС путем создания европейской армии, что, однако, не означает отказа страны от военно-политического сотрудничества с США и участия в Североатлантическом блоке.
Освещение событий российско-болгарских дипломатических отношений в журнале «Вестник Европы» в 1894–1917 годах
Authors: Демьяненко Николай Николаевич
Published: March 2021

В данной статье впервые в отечественной и зарубежной историографии рассматривается отношение одного из ведущих либеральных журналов России «Вестник Европы» к развитию российско-болгарских отношений в период правления Николая II. Автор показывает, как менялось отношение журнала к Болгарии, ее правителям и болгарскому народу в течение более чем двух десятилетий, начиная с периода, когда отношения фактически отсутствовали при Александре III, и с 1896 года, когда отношения были возобновлены, до периода Балканского кризиса и балканских войн. Заканчивается обзор началом Первой мировой войны, когда Болгария после пятнадцати месяцев дипломатической борьбы вошла в стан врагов России. В качестве источников использовались публикации журнала «Вестник Европы» за период с 1894 по 1917 г. Анализ публикаций журнала позволил автору проследить изменение общественного мнения по отношению к Болгарии и болгарам с момента смерти Александра III и до вступления Болгарии в войну на стороне Германии в 1915 г.
Cálculo de mapas de curvas residuais usando um o método simples de diferenças finitas
Authors: Silva Josemar Pereira da , Vianna Neto Márcio Ribeiro , Almeida Gustavo Matheus , Oliveira Éder Domingues de
Published: March 2021

A metodologia mais comum de obter os mapas de curvas residuais é através de um sistema de equações diferenciais, comumente resolvido em duas etapas, a saber, um equilíbrio líquido-vapor e um sistema de equações diferenciais. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma nova metodologia de elaboração dos mapas de curvas residuais. Nesta metodologia o bolha T é considerado uma equação diferencial e juntamente coma equação de Rayleigh, que é um sistema de equações diferenciais que determina a composição residual de uma mistura líquida a ser destilada, são resolvidas através do Método das Diferenças Finitas. Para este intuito a nova metodologia será aplicada aos sistemas ternários éter etílico/metanol/1-butanol e  etanoll/2-metil 2-propanol/metilciclohexano. O coeficiente de fugacidade da fase de vapor foi calculado pela equação de Virial (truncada no segundo coeficiente), e o coeficiente de atividade da fase líquida, através dos modelos NRTL, UNIQUAC e UNIFAC. Os resultados mostraram o potencial da nova metodologia em comparação às abordagens convencionais
Clases y clasificaciones de cooperativas
Authors: Vargas Vasserot Carlos
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se trata de clasificar los distintos tipos de cooperativas en aras a la correcta sistematización del fenómeno cooperativo y a facilitar así su estudio y la adecuada recepción en las leyes de cooperativas.Recibido: 16  junio 2012Aceptado: 20 julio 2012
Aspectos de la transformación de las cooperativas de crédito 1tras la Ley de Modificaciones Estructurales de 2009
Authors: Fajardo García Isabel-Gemma
Published: March 2021

La Ley 3/2009 sobre modificaciones estructurales de las sociedades mercantiles ha modificado la ley de cooperativas de crédito con el fin de regular ciertos aspectos de la transformación de estas entidades, y en particular el destino que debe darse a su Fondo de reserva obligatorio en esos procesos, que deberá integrarse en el capital social de la nueva entidad. El presente trabajo analiza la transformación como modificación estructural a disposición de las cooperativas y en particular de las cooperativas de crédito; su reconocimiento en la ley y en la jurisprudencia española, a lo largo del tiempo; la problemática jurídica que plantea y en particular, el destino de su Fondo de reserva obligatorio; y concluye con una propuesta interpretativa del actual art. 10.2 de la Ley de cooperativas de crédito, que compatibiliza los intereses subyacente en la reforma, con los valores y principios cooperativos.Recibido: 28 julio 2012Aceptado: 04 september 2012
Antecedentes al actual modelo de gobierno corporativo en los Estados Unidos de América: de 1934 a 2014
Authors: Zavala Iñigo
Published: March 2021

En el presente trabajo, realizamos un repaso a la historia del gobierno corporativo desde la creación de la SEC hasta nuestros días. Veremos cuán difícil ha sido para el pequeño accionista, hacer valer sus derechos, primero frente al todo poderoso management de las sociedades y luego frente a los inversores institucionales.

Recibido: 06 julio 2017Aceptado: 20 noviembre 2017
La Resolución 4.327/2014, del Banco Central de Brasil, en el escenario de las cooperativas financieras brasileñas
Authors: De Miranda José Eduardo , Corrêa Lima de Miranda Victória
Published: March 2021

El sistema financiero brasileño fue instituido por la Ley 4.595, del 31 de diciembre de 1964. En el núcleo de su estructura normativa, el Banco Central de Brasil compone el subsistema normativo. Para mantener la conexión de las instituciones financieras con el compromiso del desarrollo sostenible, el Banco Central de Brasil editó la Resolución 4.327/2014, determinando que la obligación de las instituciones financieras implementar políticas de responsabilidad socio ambiental. En este contexto, las cooperativas financieras, sumisas a las reglas del sistema financiero brasileño, tienen en los valores y principios cooperativos una herramienta adecuada a la promoción de la responsabilidad socio ambiental.

Recibido: 16 abril 2018Aceptado: 18 mayo 2018
El principio de participación económica de los miembros de la cooperativa desde una perspectiva histórica y doctrinal
Authors: Martínez Charterina Alejandro
Published: March 2021

El principio de participación económica de los miembros de la cooperativa recoge los principios contemplados desde el origen del cooperativismo moderno de interés limitado al capital y reparto de los excedentes en función de la actividad cooperativizada realizada por los socios. Pero además afirma la contribución equitativa al capital de la cooperativa por parte de los socios y su gestión democrática, y deja abierta la necesidad de un capital fuerte y estable que pueda permitir el funcionamiento de la empresa a lo largo del tiempo, así como los problemas que son susceptibles de acompañarle.

Recibido: 16 abril 2018Aceptado: 18 mayo 2018
Las personas jurídicas consumidoras. El caso de las cooperativas de consumidores y usuarios
Authors: Fernández Fernández Eugenia
Published: March 2021

Las normas en materia de protección a los consumidores han experimentado una notable expansión desde los años setenta. Primigeniamente concebido como un conjunto de normas aplicables únicamente a las personas físicas, nuestro ordenamiento jurídico presenta una particularidad frente a otros de nuestro entorno y es la extensión del concepto de consumidor a las personas jurídicas. En el presente supuesto se pretende no tanto analizar el concepto de consumidor persona jurídica sino su aplicabilidad a un concreto tipo de persona jurídica como es la sociedad cooperativa y, particularmente, a la cooperativa de consumidores y usuarios con el propósito de arrojar luz sobre una cuestión que ha dado lugar a pronunciamientos judiciales dispares.

Recibido: 16 abril 2018Aceptado: 18 mayo 2018
El principio de autonomía e independencia de las cooperativas desde una perspectiva histórica y doctrinal
Authors: Martínez Charterina Alejandro
Published: March 2021

El principio de autonomía e independencia de las cooperativas encuentra su antecedente en el de neutralidad política y religiosa. Constituye una respuesta a las relaciones que las cooperativas sostienen tanto con los gobiernos en determinados países, como con distintas organizaciones privadas en busca de financiación externa, para preservar su autonomía y su forma de gestión democrática.

Recibido: 14 noviembre 2018Aceptado: 20 diciembre 2018
Reflexiones sobre diversas cuestiones cooperativas (análisis principal bajo Ley Vasca)
Authors: Nagore Iñigo
Published: March 2021

Desde la experiencia del autor se realiza una reflexión sobre diversas cuestiones Cooperativas, a su juicio, problemáticas, analizando el marco legal y en algunos casos reflexionando sobre posibles regulaciones alternativas. Es un artículo abierto al debate para que se puedan proponer soluciones y alternativas que mejoren puntos concretos de la regulación del sistema cooperativo.

Recibido: 12 febrero 2019Aceptado: 15 marzo 2019
Transformación de fundación en cooperativa
Authors: Manzano Malaxechevarría Juan Ramón
Published: March 2021

El autor dibuja el camino entre una entidad de interés general, como es una fundación, hacia otra que, sin ser una entidad de interés general, no es tampoco una persona jurídica de carácter mercantil puro, como es una cooperativa. La transformación de fundación en cooperativa exige una interpretación amplia del principio de autonomía de la voluntad que el legislador favorece.Recibido: 26 noviembre 2012Aceptado: 10 enero 2013
Uso indebido de la figura de la sociedad cooperativa
Authors: Díez Ácimas Luis Ángel
Published: March 2021

El elevado número de sociedades cooperativas constituidas en los últimos años nos obliga a ser optimistas sobre la contribución de éstas al desarrollo social y al crecimiento económico y a pensar que en el futuro próximo seguiremos asistiendo al nacimiento de muchas empresas de esta naturaleza. Pero, la observación de la realidad empresarial, también, nos obliga a denunciar la existencia de sociedades cooperativas que optan por este revestimiento jurídico para obtener el régimen propio de éstas cuando su verdadera naturaleza dista mucho de los principios y características propias de las cooperativas. Por otro lado, se quiere destacar la necesidad de que la normativa sobre esta materia sea respetuosa con la esencia del modelo cooperativo y que las diferentes administraciones públicas con competencias sobre estas empresas realicen una adecuada labor de vigilancia para garantizar el respeto de estas a la legislación y a los principios cooperativos.

Recibido: 22 abril 2015Aceptado: 29 mayo 2015
The Peculiarities of Private and Family Life Protection: The Experience of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, MELENKO Oksana
Published: March 2021

One of the most vulnerable spheres of life of any individual is his / her private and family life. Therefore, this issue could not slip the attention of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 (hereinafter - the Convention) (Council of Europe, 1950). In fact, there have always been some prejudices within this issue, as it is not a secret that accusations of violating an individual’s right to privacy often provoke discussion in the public sphere. For example, when the UK Special Forces eliminated three terrorists (who were no longer resisting) on the territory of Gibraltar (Case of McCann and Others v. the United Kingdom, 1995), the media did not particularly intend to protect the right to life of these criminals. On the other hand, quite a few liberal media sources have resonantly responded to the interference with private life, when a group of stockbrokers and bankers were prosecuted for sadomasochism in a private residence. A similar behavior of the press was observed when discussing the mandatory use of seat belts. However, when considering the issues related to the violation of Article 8 of the Convention (Council of Europe, 1950), it is important to find answers to a few rather essential questions: Has there been an interference with private life under Article 8 § 1 of the Convention (Council of Europe, 1950)? If so, then – Is this interference sufficiently justified in the light of Article 8 § 2 of the Convention (Council of Europe, 1950), namely: Was the interference lawful? If yes, then – Did the interference have a lawful purpose? If yes, then – Was the interference necessary for a democratic society (can it be regarded as an adequate response to socially urgent necessity)? In case there arises a question concerning state’s positive obligations, it will no longer belong to the jurisdiction of paragraph 2, but will touch upon the analysis of the issue whether state’s positive obligation exists at all.
Application of the Principle of Good Governance in the Activities of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine, MELENKO Serhiy , PARANYUK Dan ,   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

Based on the methodology of performing axiological and logical-gnoseological analysis of juridically significant factors, the article under discussion presents a partial investigation of the practical application of one of the most fundamental principles of state functioning in the field of human rights protection. The object of investigation in the paper is the way the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) perceives, understands and interprets the principle of Good Governance in the course of implementing it in Court’s activities. The precedents, formulated and adopted by the ECHR frequently acquire the status of legal sources for the member states of the Council of Europe. Therefore, the judiciary bodies of these countries have to rely in their practice on the conclusions, the ECHR came to in the course of considering certain cases. Qualitively equal understanding and application of the above decisions is a cornerstone in forming a common European legal space, as well as plays a leading role in the field of human rights protection, guaranteed by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 (hereinafter - the Convention) (Council of Europe, 1950). The principle of Good Governance is a complex notion. It directly or indirectly regards the rights and interests of both individuals (ensuring them certain rights and freedoms in a vast number of articles of the Convention) and social groups. This requires a complex analysis of the principle in both theoretical and practical aspects of its definition and application. Relying on the methodology of profound analysis of the axiological component of a certain legal phenomenon, like the content of some decisions of the Strasbourg Court, the authors of the article attempt to practically trace the implementation of the principle of Good Governance in the course of administering justice in Ukraine, as a member state of the Council of Europe. Therefore, the article under studies deals with the specifics of practical application of the principle of Good Governance in the ECHR activities, as well as with using precedent experience in the system of administrative judiciary of Ukraine.