bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioavailable atmospheric phosphorous supply to the global ocean: a 3-D global modeling study
Authors: Myriokefalitakis Stelios , Nenes Athanasios , Baker Alex R. , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Kanakidou Maria
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The atmospheric cycle of phosphorus (P) is parameterized here in a state-of-the-art global 3-D chemistry transport model, taking into account primary emissions of total P (TP) and soluble P (DP) associated with mineral dust, combustion particles from natural and anthropogenic sources, bioaerosols, sea spray and volcanic aerosols. For the present day, global TP emissions are calculated to be roughly 1.33 Tg-P yr−1, with the mineral sources contributing more than 80 % to these emissions. The P solubilization from mineral dust under acidic atmospheric conditions is also parameterized in the model and is calculated to contribute about one-third (0.14 Tg-P yr−1) of the global DP atmospheric source. To our knowledge, a unique aspect of our global study is the explicit modeling of the evolution of phosphorus speciation in the atmosphere. The simulated present-day global annual DP deposition flux is 0.45 Tg-P yr−1 (about 40 % over oceans), showing a strong spatial and temporal variability. Present-day simulations of atmospheric P aerosol concentrations and deposition fluxes are satisfactory compared with available observations, indicating however an underestimate of about 70 % on current knowledge of the sources that drive the P atmospheric cycle. Sensitivity simulations using preindustrial (year 1850) anthropogenic and biomass burning emission scenarios showed a present-day increase of 75 % in the P solubilization flux from mineral dust, i.e., the rate at which P is converted into soluble forms, compared to preindustrial times, due to increasing atmospheric acidity over the last 150 years. Future reductions in air pollutants due to the implementation of air-quality regulations are expected to decrease the P solubilization flux from mineral dust by about 30 % in the year 2100 compared to the present day. Considering, however, that all the P contained in bioaerosols is readily available for uptake by marine organisms, and also accounting for all other DP sources, a total bioavailable P flux of about 0.17 Tg-P yr−1 to the oceans is derived. Our calculations further show that in some regions more than half of the bioavailable P deposition flux to the ocean can originate from biological particles, while this contribution is found to maximize in summer when atmospheric deposition impact on the marine ecosystem is the highest due to ocean stratification. Thus, according to this global study, a largely unknown but potentially important role of terrestrial bioaerosols as suppliers of bioavailable P to the global ocean is also revealed. Overall, this work provides new insights to the atmospheric P cycle by demonstrating that biological materials are important carriers of bioavailable P, with very important implications for past and future responses of marine ecosystems to global change.
Hydrogen dynamics in soil organic matter as determined by 13C and 2H labeling experiments
Authors: Paul Alexia , Hatté Christine , Pastor Lucie , Thiry Yves , Siclet Françoise , Balesdent Jérôme
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Understanding hydrogen dynamics in soil organic matter is important to predict the fate of 3H in terrestrial environments. One way to determine hydrogen fate and to point out processes is to examine the isotopic signature of the element in soil. However, the non-exchangeable hydrogen isotopic signal in soil is complex and depends on the fate of organic compounds and microbial biosyntheses that incorporate water-derived hydrogen. To decipher this complex system and to understand the close link between hydrogen and carbon cycles, we followed labeled hydrogen and labeled carbon throughout near-natural soil incubations. We performed incubation experiments with three labeling conditions: 1 – 13C2H double-labeled molecules in the presence of 1H2O; 2 – 13C-labeled molecules in the presence of 2H2O; 3 – no molecule addition in the presence of 2H2O. The preservation of substrate-derived hydrogen after 1 year of incubation (ca. 5 % in most cases) was lower than the preservation of substrate-derived carbon (30 % in average). We highlighted that 70 % of the C–H bonds are broken during the degradation of the molecule, which permits the exchange with water hydrogen. Added molecules are used more for trophic resources. The isotopic composition of the non-exchangeable hydrogen was mainly driven by the incorporation of water hydrogen during microbial biosynthesis. It is linearly correlated with the amount of carbon that is degraded in the soil. The quantitative incorporation of water hydrogen in bulk material and lipids demonstrates that non-exchangeable hydrogen exists in both organic and mineral-bound forms. The proportion of the latter depends on soil type and minerals. This experiment quantified the processes affecting the isotopic composition of non-exchangeable hydrogen, and the results can be used to predict the fate of tritium in the ecosystem or the water deuterium signature in organic matter.
Effects of two contrasting biochars on gaseous nitrogen emissions and
intensity in intensive vegetable soils across mainland China
Authors: Fan Changhua , Chen Hao , Li Bo , Xiong Zhengqin
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Biochar amendment to soil has been proposed as a strategy for sequestering carbon, mitigating climate change and enhancing crop productivity, but few studies have demonstrated the effects of different feedstock-derived biochars on the various gaseous nitrogen emissions (GNEs, N2O, NO and NH3) across the typical vegetable soils in China. A greenhouse pot experiment with five consecutive vegetable crops was conducted to investigate the effects of two contrasting biochar, namely, wheat straw biochar (Bw) and swine manure biochar (Bm) on GNEs, vegetable yield and gaseous nitrogen intensity (GNI) in four typical vegetable soils from the main vegetable production regions (Hunan province (HN), Shanxi province (SX), Shandong province (SD) and Heilongjiang province (HLJ)) that are representative of the intensive vegetable ecosystems across mainland China. Results showed that remarkable GNE mitigation induced by biochar occurred in SX and HLJ soils, whereas enhancement of yield occurred in SD and HLJ soils. Additionally, both biochars decreased GNI, with Bw mitigated N2O and NO emissions by 21.8–59.1 % and 37.0–49.5 % (except for SD), respectively, while Bm improved yield by 4.0–30.5 % (except for HN). Since the biochar's effects on the GNEs and vegetable yield strongly depended on the attributes of the soil and biochar, both soil type and biochar characteristics should be seriously considered before conducting large-scale application of biochar in order to achieve the maximum benefits under intensive greenhouse vegetable agriculture.
Aromatic acids in a Eurasian Arctic ice core: a 3000-year proxy record of biomass burning
Authors: Grieman Mackenzie M. , Aydin Murat , Fritzsche Diedrich , McConnell Joseph R. , Opel Thomas , Sigl Michael , Saltzman Eric S.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Wildfires and their emissions have significant impacts on ecosystems, climate, atmospheric chemistry and carbon cycling. Well-dated proxy records are needed to study the long-term climatic controls on biomass burning and the associated climate feedbacks. There is a particular lack of information about long-term biomass burning variations in Siberia, the largest forested area in the Northern Hemisphere. In this study we report analyses of aromatic acids (vanillic and para-hydroxybenzoic acids) over the past 3145 years in the Eurasian Arctic Akademii Nauk ice core. These compounds are aerosol-borne, semi-volatile organic compounds derived from lignin combustion. The analyses were made using ion chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometric detection. The levels of these aromatic acids ranged from below the detection limit (.01 to .05 ppb) to about 1 ppb, with roughly 30 % of the samples above the detection limit. In the preindustrial late Holocene, highly elevated aromatic acid levels are observed during four distinct periods (1180–660 BCE, 180–220 CE, 380–660 CE, and 1460–1660 CE). The timing of these periods coincides with the episodic pulsing of ice-rafted debris in the North Atlantic known as Bond events. Aromatic acid levels also are elevated during the onset of the industrial period from 1780 to 1860 CE, but with a different ratio of vanillic and para-hydroxybenzoic acid than is observed during the preindustrial period. This study provides the first millennial scale record of aromatic acids. It clearly demonstrates that coherent aromatic acid signals are recorded in polar ice cores that can be used as proxies for past trends in biomass burning.
Daily black carbon emissions from fires in northern Eurasia for 2002–2015
Authors: Hao Wei Min , Petkov Alexander , Nordgren Bryce L. , Corley Rachel E. , Silverstein Robin P. , Urbanski Shawn P. , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Balkanski Yves , Kinder Bradley L.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) emitted from fires in northern Eurasia is transported and deposited on ice and snow in the Arctic and can accelerate its melting during certain times of the year. Thus, we developed a high spatial resolution (500 m  ×  500 m) dataset to examine daily BC emissions from fires in this region for 2002–2015. Black carbon emissions were estimated based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) land cover maps and detected burned areas, the Forest Inventory Survey of the Russian Federation, the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier-1 Global Biomass Carbon Map for the year 2000, and vegetation specific BC emission factors. Annual BC emissions from northern Eurasian fires varied greatly, ranging from 0.39 Tg in 2010 to 1.82 Tg in 2015, with an average of 0.71 ± 0.37 Tg from 2002 to 2015. During the 14-year period, BC emissions from forest fires accounted for about two-thirds of the emissions, followed by grassland fires (18 %). Russia dominated the BC emissions from forest fires (92 %) and central and western Asia was the major region for BC emissions from grassland fires (54 %). Overall, Russia contributed 80 % of the total BC emissions from fires in northern Eurasia. Black carbon emissions were the highest in the years 2003, 2008, and 2012. Approximately 58 % of the BC emissions from fires occurred in spring, 31 % in summer, and 10 % in fall. The high emissions in spring also coincide with the most intense period of ice and snow melting in the Arctic.
Development of a participatory Bayesian network model for integrating ecosystem services into catchment-scale water resources management
Authors: Xue Jie , Gui Dongwei , Lei Jiaqiang , Zeng Fanjiang , Huang Rong , Mao Donglei
Published: December 2016

Abstract. This paper proposes an ecosystem services–based integrated water resource management (IWRM) framework within which a participatory Bayesian network (BN) model that assists with the integration of IWRM is developed. The framework is divided three steps: (1) identifying water-related services of ecosystems; (2) analysis of the tradeoffs and synergy among users of water; and (3) ecosystem services–based IWRM implementation using the BN model. We present the development, evaluation and application of a participatory BN model with the involvement of four participant groups (stakeholders, water manager, water management experts, and research team) in Qira oasis area, Northwest China. As a typical catchment-scale region, the Qira oasis area is facing severe water competition between the demands of human activities and natural ecosystems. We demonstrate that the BN model developed provides effective integration of ecosystem services into a quantitative IWMR framework via public negotiation and feedback. The network results, sensitivity evaluation, and management scenarios are broadly accepted by the participant groups. The intervention scenarios from the model conclude that any water management measure remains unable to sustain the ecosystem health in water-related ecosystem services. Greater cooperation among the stakeholders is highly necessary for dealing with such water conflicts. In particular, a proportion of the agricultural water saved through improving water-use efficiency should be transferred to natural ecosystems via water trade. The BN model developed is appropriate for areas throughout the world in which there is intense competition for water between human activities and ecosystems – particularly in arid regions.
The December 2012 Mayo River debris flow triggered by Super Typhoon Bopha in Mindanao, Philippines: lessons learned and questions raised
Authors: Rodolfo Kelvin S. , Lagmay A. Mahar F. , Eco Rodrigo C. , Herrero Tatum Miko L. , Mendoza Jerico E. , Minimo Likha G. , Santiago Joy T.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Category 5 Super Typhoon Bopha, the world's worst storm of 2012, formed abnormally close to the Equator, and its landfall on Mindanao set the record proximity to the Equator for its category. Its torrential rains generated an enormous debris flow in the Mayo River watershed that swept away much of the village Andap in the New Bataan municipality, burying areas under rubble as thick as 9 m and killing 566 people. Established in 1968, New Bataan had never experienced super typhoons and debris flows. This unfamiliarity compounded the death and damage. We describe Bopha's history, debris flows and the Mayo River disaster, and then we discuss how population growth contributed to the catastrophe, as well as the possibility that climate change may render other near-Equatorial areas vulnerable to hazards brought on by similar typhoons. Finally, we recommend measures to minimize the loss of life and damage to property from similar future events.
A new search-and-rescue service in the Mediterranean Sea: a demonstration of the operational capability and an evaluation of its performance using real case scenarios
Authors: Coppini Giovanni , Jansen Eric , Turrisi Giuseppe , Creti Sergio , Shchekinova Elena Yurievna , Pinardi Nadia , Lecci Rita , Carluccio Ivano , Kumkar Yogesh Vittal , D'Anca Alessandro , Mannarini Gianandrea , Martinelli Sara , Marra Palmalisa , Capodiferro Tommaso , Gismondi Tommaso
Published: December 2016

Abstract. A new web-based and mobile decision support system (DSS) for search-and-rescue (SAR) at sea is presented, and its performance is evaluated using real case scenarios. The system, named OCEAN-SAR, is accessible via the website http://www.ocean-sar.com. In addition to the website, dedicated applications for iOS and Android have been created to optimise the user experience on mobile devices. OCEAN-SAR simulates drifting objects at sea, using as input ocean currents and wind data provided, respectively, by the CMEMS and ECMWF. The modelling of the drifting objects is based on the leeway model, which parameterises the wind drag of an object using a series of coefficients. These coefficients have been measured in field experiments for different types of objects, ranging from a person in the water to a coastal freighter adrift. OCEAN-SAR provides the user with an intuitive interface to run simulations and to visualise their results using Google Maps. The performance of the service is evaluated by comparing simulations to data from the Italian Coast Guard pertaining to actual incidents in the Mediterranean Sea.
Brief communication: On-site data collection of damage caused by flash floods: Experiences from Braunsbach, Germany, in May/June 2016
Authors: Laudan Jonas , Rözer Viktor , Sieg Tobias , Vogel Kristin , Thieken Annegret H.
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Flash floods are caused by intense rainfall events and represent an insufficiently understood phenomenon in Germany. The understanding of damage caused by flash floods requires ex-post collection of relevant but yet sparsely available information for further research. Thus, on-site data collection was carried out after the flash flood event on 29 May 2016 in Braunsbach, Germany, using open source software as helpful and efficient tool for data acquisition and evaluation. The post-hoc analysis links process intensities to damage and reveals differences in damage driving factors of flash floods compared to riverine floods, indicating that also risk patterns vary among different flood types.
Modeling the dynamical sinking of biogenic particles in oceanic flow
Authors: Monroy Pedro , Hernández-García Emilio , Rossi Vincent , López Cristóbal
Published: December 2016

Abstract. We study the problem of sinking particles in a realistic oceanic flow, with major energetic structures in the mesoscale, focussing in the range of particle sizes and densities appropriate for marine biogenic particles. Our aim is to unify the theoretical investigations with its applications in the oceanographic context and considering a mesoscale simulation of the oceanic velocity field. By using the equation of motion of small particles in a fluid flow, we assess the influence of physical processes such as the Coriolis force and the inertia of the particles, and we conclude that they represent negligible corrections to the most important terms, which are passive motion with the velocity of the flow, and a constant added vertical velocity due to gravity. Even if within this approximation three-dimensional clustering of particles can not occur, two-dimensional cuts or projections of the evolving three-dimensional density can display inhomogeneities similar to the ones observed in sinking ocean particles.
Three-dimensional soil organic matter distribution, accessibility and microbial respiration in macroaggregates using osmium staining and synchrotron X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Rawlins Barry G. , Wragg Joanna , Reinhard Christina , Atwood Robert C. , Houston Alasdair , Lark R. Murray , Rudolph Sebastian
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The spatial distribution and accessibility of organic matter (OM) to soil microbes in aggregates – determined by the fine-scale, 3-D distribution of OM, pores and mineral phases – may be an important control on the magnitude of soil heterotrophic respiration (SHR). Attempts to model SHR on fine scales requires data on the transition probabilities between adjacent pore space and soil OM, a measure of microbial accessibility to the latter. We used a combination of osmium staining and synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (CT) to determine the 3-D (voxel) distribution of these three phases (scale 6.6 µm) throughout nine aggregates taken from a single soil core (range of organic carbon (OC) concentrations: 4.2–7.7 %). Prior to the synchrotron analyses we had measured the magnitude of SHR for each aggregate over 24 h under controlled conditions (moisture content and temperature). We test the hypothesis that larger magnitudes of SHR will be observed in aggregates with (i) shorter length scales of OM variation (more aerobic microsites) and (ii) larger transition probabilities between OM and pore voxels. After scaling to their OC concentrations, there was a 6-fold variation in the magnitude of SHR for the nine aggregates. The distribution of pore diameters and tortuosity index values for pore branches was similar for each of the nine aggregates. The Pearson correlation between aggregate surface area (normalized by aggregate volume) and normalized headspace C gas concentration was both positive and reasonably large (r  =  0.44), suggesting that the former may be a factor that influences SHR. The overall transition probabilities between OM and pore voxels were between 0.07 and 0.17, smaller than those used in previous simulation studies. We computed the length scales over which OM, pore and mineral phases vary within each aggregate using 3-D indicator variograms. The median range of models fitted to variograms of OM varied between 38 and 175 µm and was generally larger than the other two phases within each aggregate, but in general variogram models had ranges  <  250 µm. There was no evidence to support the hypotheses concerning scales of variation in OM and magnitude of SHR; the linear correlation was 0.01. There was weak evidence to suggest a statistical relationship between voxel-based OM–pore transition probabilities and the magnitudes of aggregate SHR (r  =  0.12). We discuss how our analyses could be extended and suggest improvements to the approach we used.
Circumpolar polynya regions and ice production in the Arctic: results from MODIS thermal infrared imagery from 2002/2003 to 2014/2015 with a regional focus on the Laptev Sea
Authors: Preußer Andreas , Heinemann Günther , Willmes Sascha , Paul Stephan
Published: December 2016

Abstract. High-resolution MODIS thermal infrared satellite data are used to infer spatial and temporal characteristics of 17 prominent coastal polynya regions over the entire Arctic basin. Thin-ice thickness (TIT) distributions (≤ 20 cm) are calculated from MODIS ice-surface temperatures, combined with ECMWF ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data in an energy balance model for 13 winter seasons (2002/2003 to 2014/2015; November to March). From all available MODIS swath data, daily thin-ice thickness composites are computed in order to derive quantities such as polynya area and total thermodynamic (i.e., potential) ice production. A gap-filling approach is applied to account for cloud and data gaps in the MODIS composites. All polynya regions combined cover an average thin-ice area of 226.6 ± 36.1 × 103 km2 in winter. This allows for an average total winter-accumulated ice production of about 1811 ± 293 km3, whereby the Kara Sea region, the North Water polynya (both 15 %), polynyas on the western side of Novaya Zemlya (20 %), as well as scattered smaller polynyas in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (all combined 12 %) are the main contributors. Other well-known sites of polynya formation (Laptev Sea, Chukchi Sea) show smaller contributions and range between 2 and 5 %. We notice distinct differences to earlier studies on pan-Arctic polynya characteristics, originating in some part from the use of high-resolution MODIS data, as the capability to resolve small-scale (> 2 km) polynyas and also large leads are increased. Despite the short record of 13 winter seasons, positive trends in ice production are detected for several regions of the eastern Arctic (most significantly in the Laptev Sea region with an increase of 6.8 km3 yr−1) and the North Water polynya, while other polynyas in the western Arctic show a more pronounced variability with varying trends. We emphasize the role of the Laptev Sea polynyas as being a major influence on Transpolar Drift characteristics through a distinct relation between increasing ice production and ice area export. Overall, our study presents a spatially highly accurate characterization of circumpolar polynya dynamics and ice production, which should be valuable for future modeling efforts of atmosphere–ice–ocean interactions in the Arctic.
Incorporating Cultural Competence & Youth Program Volunteers: A Literature Review
Authors: Smith Julianne , Soule Katherine E.
Published: December 2016

The increasing diversity of youth in the United States necessitates a shift in the ways that youth services and programming are designed and implemented. This article examines existing scholarship on developing the cultural competency of volunteers in youth development programs in an effort to improve 4-H YDP protocol. Drawing from a diverse, interdisciplinary range of peer-reviewed, academic articles, this literature review plots out recent pedagogical trends, theoretical concepts, and empirical studies dealing with the cultural competence of service workers and mentors interacting with youth. Based on a synthesis of the findings, this paper presents guiding principles for increasing cultural competence of youth program design through both training and organizational changes.
Perceptions and Educational Strategies of Louisiana Agricultural Education Teachers When Working with Students with Special Needs
Authors: Stair Kristin S. , Blackburn J. Joey , Bunch J. C. , Blanchard Leslie , Cater Melissa , Fox Janet
Published: December 2016

A teacher’s willingness to accept inclusion has been identified as an indicator of the quality of experience that a student with special needs will have in the classroom The purpose of this exploratory study was twofold: (1) to describe the overall perceptions of working with students with special needs and (2) to determine how teachers in Louisiana are currently working with students with special needs.  A total of 152 teachers attended the Louisiana agricultural education teacher’s summer conference with 43% completing a three part survey instrument.  Data analysis indicated that teachers are confident in their ability to work with students with special needs and they agree that they can incorporate various areas of inclusion within their programs. However, they disagreed that they have received adequate in-service opportunities related to special education.  Regarding educational strategies, teachers in this study identified all of the given inclusion strategies as being used regularly in their programs with the exception of tutoring after school.  They also identified these educational practices as being highly effective within their programs. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, additional research is recommended to further investigate the in-service and training needs of teachers in Louisiana.
Positive Youth Development Life Skills Gained at the Iowa 4-H Youth Conference
Authors: Allen Brenda S. , Lohman Brenda J.
Published: December 2016

Research suggests 4-H programs build Life Skills such as leadership, communication, citizenship and learning. However, 4-H programs vary from long-term on-going experiences to shorter, more intense opportunities. This paper discusses a program evaluation articulating the life skill development of participants in a 3-day residential State 4-H Conference on a Midwestern college campus. The Life Skills assessed were in the areas of leadership, citizenship, communication, and learning as part of overall Life Skill development. Participants were youth ages 14-18 years. A retrospective pretest-posttest was used to evaluate skill development and understanding. Analysis, including paired sample t-tests, indicated growth in each of the 12 common outcome measures evaluated. This study supports the importance of purposeful planning and youth engagement in the learning process to achieve desired life skill outcomes.
Lessons of Partnership: Successes and Challenges Associated with the Dissemination of the Not-On-Tobacco Program within Cooperative Extension Service Framework
Authors: Reed Donald , Jarrett Traci , Farley Jeremy , Richards Tony , McDonald Deborah , Dino Geri
Published: December 2016

Not-On-Tobacco (N-O-T) is a voluntary smoking cessation program for teens. The West Virginia Prevention Research Center (WVPRC) partnered with West Virginia University Extension Service to test a regional implementation model of N-O-T within the current 4-H infrastructure. Directed content analysis was used to allow for pre-determined themes and categories to be assessed by identifying barriers and successes at each phase of model implementation. The project effectively set a foundation of collaboration between Extension and the WVPRC, highlighted the differences between prevention theories and positive youth development ideology and showcased that Extension’s efforts are more successful when county based.
An Overview of Quality Programs that Support Transition-Aged Youth
Authors: Kalinyak Christopher M. , Gary Faye A. , Killion Cheryl M. , Suresky M. Jane
Published: December 2016

This article provides a concise overview of several programs that deliver services to transition-aged youth, ages 14–29. Included are family support, the Assisting Unaccompanied Children and Youth program, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration services, the wraparound approach, intensive home-based treatment, multisystemic therapy, foster care, independent living, mentoring, the Steps to Success program, the Jump on Board for Success program, the Options program, the Positive Action program, the Transition to Success model, and the Transition to Independence Program. Primary focus is placed upon the usefulness of each of the programs in facilitating successful outcomes for transition-aged youth.
Raise: What 4-H Teaches Seven Million Kids in a Resource Review
Authors: Scholl Jan
Published: December 2016

For over 100 years the 4-H Youth Development program has provided countless experiences for youth. This article reviews the recently published book Raise:  What 4-H teaches seven million kids and how its lessons could change food and farming forever (Butler, 2015). While the book focuses primarily on the California 4-H program, the author also highlights research from historical 4-H documents as well as thoughts from National 4-H program leaders.
Review of the YA4-H! Youth Advocates for Health: Building Successful Youth-Adult Partnerships Training Curriculum
Authors: Flesch Jeffrey M. , Lile Joy R. , Arnold Mary E.
Published: December 2016

Youth-adult partnerships (Y-APs) are an important aspect of positive youth development programming. Creating effective Y-APs, however, requires training of both youth and adults. This article reviews the YA4-H! Youth Advocates for Health: Building Successful Youth-Adult Partnerships (Arnold, & Gifford, 2015) curriculum that is intended for use in trainings with youth and adults to assist in the formation of effective Y-APs. The 80 page curriculum covers five key areas for forming successful YA-Ps: Ice Breakers, an exploration of power, understanding youth-adult partnerships, personal traits, and reflection. The curriculum is laid out in a user-friendly manner, provides background information on youth development and Y-APs, and includes training options ranging from half-day to full weekend retreats. While it was developed for the 4-H program, it is suitable for use in any youth setting. The curriculum is comprehensive, easy to use, and a valuable addition to other published Y-AP training materials.
Global Explorers Journaling and Reflection Initiative
Authors: Bennion John , Duerden Mat , Whitehouse Anne
Published: December 2016

Research suggests that journaling will increase reflection and improve program outcomes (Bain, et al, 1999; Duerden, et al, 2012) This study involved a partnership with a non-profit, Global Explorers (GEx), which provides international immersion experiences for youth. Their programs are designed to teach youth participants principles of leadership, environmental awareness, service, and science. This study, which tested whether teaching journaling techniques to youth program facilitators would have a positive impact on participant outcomes, addressed the following hypotheses: 1) Greater training in reflective thinking among participants would be associated with higher outcome scores, and 2) Participants in the intervention group (facilitators trained in journaling pedagogy) would show greater increases in reflective thinking than comparison group members. Results based on participant self-assessment were significant in testing the first hypothesis; reflective thinking is positively associated with outcome measures, but the intervention group did not show increases in reflective thinking.
Service Learning in Afterschool
Authors: Bradshaw L. Daniele
Published: December 2016

The afterschool setting can serve as an important arena for service learning activities.  Service learning projects can help afterschool students with learning, social responsibility, and character development.  This article provides an overview of planning considerations for service learning in afterschool.  The article also provides guidance for afterschool teachers and administrators in seeking service learning resources.
Música y competencias emocionales: posibles implicaciones para la mejora de la educación musical
Authors: Campayo Muñoz Emilia Ángeles , Cabedo Mas Alberto
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo estudia las relaciones existentes entre la música y el desarrollo de las competencias emocionales. Se explora la capacidad de la música para inducir emociones en el individuo. Se examina la predisposición natural del ser humano hacia la música, así como los efectos que la práctica instrumental genera en el cerebro. Se explican los efectos que la música produce en el comportamiento del oyente e intérpretes. Finalmente, se sugiere cómo la educación musical podría ayudar al desarrollo de las competencias emocionales y las posibles implicaciones que esto tiene para la mejora de la educación musical.
La "Collatio Alexandri et Dindimi" según Vicente de Beauvais. Estudio y edición crítica de la versión del "Speculum historiale"
Authors: Villaroel Fernández Irene
Published: December 2016

Vicente de Beauvais incluye al final del libro V de su Speculum historiale una versión de la Collatio Alexandri et Dindimi titulada De mutuis epistulis Alexandri et Dindimi regis super eorum philosophia, para cuya elaboración seleccionó ciertos excerpta de la obra original que posteriormente modificó a fin de adecuarlos a su nuevo contexto. Esta versión tuvo una tradición independiente de la de las copias completas del Speculum historiale y fue utilizada como fuente de autoridad por otros autores. Por otro lado, parte de los excerpta de esta versión de la Collatio fue, a su vez, reutilizada por Beauvais en los libros V y VI del Speculum doctrinale organizados temáticamente. El estudio y la edición de la versión de la Collatio elaborada por Beauvais y el análisis de su relación con el Speculum doctrinale nos permiten acercarnos al método de composición del Speculum maius y conocer su Fortleben.
Las ediciones de los "Progymnasmata Rhetorica" de Antonio Llull
Authors: Cuyás de Torres María Elisa
Published: December 2016

En este trabajo vamos a estudiar, analizar y comparar las ediciones de los Progymnasmata Rhetorica de Antonio Llull, para determinar cuántas ediciones tuvo realmente esta obra, demostrar las diferencias existentes entre sus ediciones y cuál de ellas es en verdad la primera y porqué. Para ello, aportamos un estudio descriptivo de las ediciones conocidas hasta el presente y de una no estudiada todavía e igualmente comparamos los rasgos distintivos de cada una de ellas, ofreciendo cuadros comparativos de los mismos. Como conclusión del trabajo podemos afirmar que se han conservado tres ediciones de la obra, 1550, 1551 y 1572, que la llamada edición de ca.1548, que se recoge en catálogos de bibliotecas, no es sino un ejemplar de la de 1550 que ha perdido el colofón y que la editada modernamente como de 1550 es realmente copia de una edición de 1572 que ha perdido algunas hojas finales y la de su portada en la que figuran la fecha, lugar de edición y editor.
Política, riqueza y comida en la Atenas democrática. Reinterpretando el patronazgo aristocrático y el empoderamiento democrático en el mundo urbano
Authors: Notario Pacheco Fernando
Published: December 2016

En las últimas décadas la relación entre el alimento y la política se ha convertido en un elemento de debate entre los investigadores dedicados a los estudios sobre hambre y comida. En el ámbito de los estudios clásicos este tema se ha abordado desde el problema de los mecanismos de abastecimiento de las ciudades antiguas. Sin embargo, el trasfondo y las consecuencias políticas del acceso social al alimento es un aspecto que se ha dejado de alguna manera fuera del análisis histórico. Este artículo argumenta que los mecanismos de distribución del alimento entre el demos del siglo V a.C. tienen una relación muy significativa con el proceso de ampliación de sus habilitaciones políticas. Las políticas y actitudes colectivas referidas a la distribución de la comida y la riqueza son procesos de gran complejidad socio-política cuyo análisis ha de ir más allá de las claves personalistas con las que nos lo presentan con frecuencia las fuentes antiguas.
Giustizia e costituzione: scienza politica e intelligibilità della storia secondo Aristotele ("EN", V, 1134a 25-1135a 8)
Authors: Poddighe Elisabetta
Published: December 2016

Nel quinto libro dell’Etica Nicomachea Aristotele definisce la condizione necessaria perché una particolare specie di giustizia, il giusto politico (politikon dikaion), trovi attuazione: è l’esistenza di un ordine politico formalmente definito (politeia). Al centro della riflessione aristotelica sul giusto politico è il rapporto che passa tra questa particolare modalità di configurazione della giustizia e la politeia reale. È infatti la comprensione di quel rapporto a rendere intelligibili i fattori politici “indipendenti” (indipendenti cioè dalla natura, dalla necessità o dal caso) che condizionano la storia delle comunità politiche e che costituiscono l’oggetto di studio proprio della scienza politica. Attraverso la comparazione con la politeia Aristotele riflette sull’intelligibilità del giusto politico: in quanto si discosta dalla nozione assoluta di giustizia, come la politeia reale si discosta da quella ideale, il giusto politico diventa intelligibile.
Una historia del Mediterráneo Occidental. La lucha por el poder en Cartago durante la segunda mitad del siglo III a.C.
Authors: Martínez Hahnmüller Víctor
Published: December 2016

El interés de la literatura clásica por el conflicto que enfrentó a Roma contra Cartago nos permite estudiar aspectos de la historia de esta antigua colonia tiria que nos son prácticamente desconocidos para otros periodos históricos. A pesar del protagonismo de la familia bárquida y sus más íntimos allegados en los acontecimientos históricos de este período, la supremacía de los estrategas bárquidas y sus colaboradores nunca fue absoluta ya que tuvo que hacer frente a una férrea oposición de una facción contraria que hizo uso de todas las herramientas a su disposición, tanto legales como ilegales, para frenar su ascenso al poder primero e intentar poner fin a su supremacía después. La presente contribución pretende analizar la composición de estas facciones políticas cartaginesas, determinar sus diferencias políticas y definir las técnicas de las que se sirvieron para hacerse con el poder o arrebatárselo a sus opositores.
Asalto de ciudades durante la República Romana (200-167 a.C.): esclavización de supervivientes en contextos de guerra
Authors: Martínez Morcillo José Antonio
Published: December 2016

La expansión de Roma en el mundo mediterráneo motivó el sometimiento a la dicio romana de un gran número de pueblos y ciudades, un fenómeno que se concretó a varios niveles. La más violenta de estas intervenciones, la oppugnatio, llevaba implícita una serie de actuaciones que afectaban no sólo a los bienes del núcleo vencido, sino también a la libertad e integridad física de sus habitantes. En el primer tercio del siglo II a.C., y especialmente atendiendo a tres variables (desarrollo urbano, nivel de riquezas y ubicación geográfica), pretendemos reflexionar sobre la justificación legal de la esclavización de los supervivientes y, a su vez, determinar los factores que influyeron, en nuestra opinión, en la aplicación diferencial de esta represalia.
Una pseudo-biblioteca privata (L7, A)? (Indagini sulla “House of the Roman Scribes”)
Authors: Bellucci Nikola
Published: December 2016

La città siriana di Dura Europos, sorprendente per l’eccezionale senso architettonico del riutilizzo e per la sua multietnicità dovuta ai diversi domini succedutisi, propone casi di costruzione unici, condizionati particolarmente dalla ultima dominazione romana precedente alla caduta. L’indagine si sofferma sulla principale delle case del blocco L7, la domus A, detta anche la “casa degli scribi romani”, e ne prende in considerazione la struttura ed i rinvenimenti, sia in vista di un occupazione romana che sasanide inserendola nel contesto delle altre domus cittadine. La possibilità che l’abitazione fosse gestita da militari di alto rango ha infine permesso una interrelazione coi papiri letterari durani proveniente appunto da questo stesso blocco.
Animales amamantando y otras “nodrizas” salvajes en la mitología griega y romana
Authors: Pedrucci Giulia
Published: December 2016

Los testimonios materiales y literarios sugieren que nodrizas y niñeras jugaron un papel crucial en el mundo antiguo. Un peculiar declive de la figura de la nodriza griega y romana lo representa la figura del animal lactante, recordado en los textos literarios y en la iconografía. Existen numerosas leyendas a propósito de niños abandonados y amamantados por animales, como Rómulo, Telephus y Zeus. Estos animales nutricios se pueden adscribir a la categoría del “auxiliar” (el que auxilia), una imagen central en los mitos que conciernen a la biografía de fundadores, divinos y legendarios, y reyes. Auxiliares pueden ser animales, domésticos o salvajes, o seres humanos, y sobre todo figuras socialmente marginadas por la pertenencia a grupos sociales específicos y de baja consideración: pastores, porquerizos, lavanderas, esclavos e incluso prostitutas. Incluso pueden aparecer las ninfas que viven, como los animales, en hábitats naturales (donde los bebés por lo general son abandonados). Nuestro objetivo es sugerir que aquellos bebés con un futuro extraordinario ante ellos heredan algo animal y/o salvaje de sus nodrizas, que se transmite a través de la leche.
El subordinado que subordina. Poseedores judíos de esclavos cristianos en el "Registrum" epistularum de Gregorio Magno
Authors: Laham Cohen Rodrigo
Published: December 2016

El Registrum epistularum, obra que compila las epístolas producidas por Gregorio Magno en el período en el que estuvo a cargo de la Cátedra romana (590-604 d.C.), es una herramienta fundamental al momento de abordar diversas temáticas. Entre las más de 860 cartas que despachó el scrinium papal, 26 refieren a judíos, representando –como ya ha advertido la crítica– un material de gran relieve para reconstituir los vínculos entre judíos y cristianos. En este trabajo centraremos la mirada en las epístolas que aluden a poseedores judíos de esclavos, con el fin de comprender tanto la situación de aquellos señalados en las comunicaciones como las posiciones de Gregorio Magno y de otros hombres de Iglesia frente al problema. Aspiramos a demostrar que si bien existían imperativos simbólicos que llevaban a legisladores laicos y a hombres de Iglesia a intentar impedir el control de cristianos por parte de judíos, el principal temor detrás de tales medidas era la tendencia de los judíos a convertir a sus servi, no por motivos proselitistas sino, principalmente, prácticos.
Una nueva fuente documental sobre "Hispania-Spania". El "Ars Gromatica" Gisemundi y la "Discriptio Hispaniae": actividades agrimensorias en época romana y bizantina
Authors: Olesti Vila Oriol , Andreu Expósito Ricard
Published: December 2016

La reciente edición del texto del Ars Gromatica siue Geometria Gisemundi procedente de dos manuscritos del siglo IX (especialmente ACA Ripoll 106) ha proporcionado nuevos datos sobre la literatura de los agrimensores romanos. En esta obra se ha conservado una descripción de la división provincial de la Hispania tardoantigua (Discriptio Hispaniae) focalizada en la Carthaginiensis, que el autor basó en diversas fuentes inéditas de época antigua, tanto de época imperial como bizantina. La mención en el texto a diversas fases de actividad agrimensoria, con precisas descripciones de trabajos de delimitación territorial, permite proponer la existencia de una documentación provincial gromática, hasta el momento desconocida, de gran interés histórico. A su vez, el documento ofrece nueva información sobre la presencia bizantina en Spania y los posibles límites territoriales de su ocupación.
El esclavismo antiguo en los Estados Unidos del periodo "antebellum" (1780-1860)
Authors: Martínez Maza Clelia
Published: December 2016

En los inicios de Estados Unidos como nación, su estructura económica tenía en la mano de obra esclava y su comercio una de sus bases económicas esenciales. Y si la recuperación del mundo antiguo fue esencial en el diseño político de la nueva república, los defensores del esclavismo también acudieron al pasado clásico en busca de un aval ideológico. La esclavitud en Grecia y Roma fue por ello recuperada como antecedente para justificar la práctica. Se pretendía demostrar, mediante la llamada a los clásicos, la necesidad del trabajo esclavo, la continuidad del sistema y los benéficos efectos ya comprobados en el mundo grecorromano, no sólo en el terreno económico, sino también en el ámbito político e incluso artístico.
DETECÇÃO DE DOENÇAS TRANSMISSÍVEIS EM GESTANTES NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS: O TESTE DA MAMÃE
Authors: Gomes Filho Clidenor , Macedo Filho José Vicente , Minuzzi Ana Lúcia , Gomes Mariana Mesquita , Luquetti Alejandro Ostermayer
Published: December 2016

Neste trabalho é descrita a triagem de doenças infecciosas em gestantes do estado de Goiás para detecção de agravos que podem ser transmitidos durante a gravidez e causar sequelas na criança.A triagem é realizada por meio de programa da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde em parceria com a Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE) e as Secretarias Municipais de Saúde.A experiência da APAE na detecção de algumas doenças congênitas por teste simples em papel filtro foi aproveitada e seu uso expandido para a detecção de doenças infecciosas/transmissíveis.De setembro de 2003 até junho de 2009 foram examinadas amostras de 348.037 gestantes.Implantada progressivamente a partir de dois municípios, a triagem para doenças infecciosas está disponível em 245 dos 246 municípios do estado de Goiás. Os agravos triados foram: sífilis, HIV/Aids, toxoplasmose, rubéola, hepatites B e C, infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, HTLV e citomegalovirose. A triagem foi realizada em papel filtro por testes imunoenzimáticos ELISA) para cada marcador e os resultados positivos foram confirmados por coleta de sangue venoso, cujo soro foi encaminhado a diferentes centros de referência. Foram identificadas 11.061 gestantes com resultados positivos. A confirmação após os testes com soro foi obtida em 10.496 (94,9%) amostras com as seguintes prevalências: sífilis: 4.028 (1,2%); toxoplasmose: 2.320 (0,7%), anticorpos anti-T. cruzi: 1.768 (0,5%); hepatite B: 956 (0,3%); HIV: 469 (0,1%), hepatite C: 334 (0,1%), HTLV: 312 (0,1%), rubéola: 181(0,05%) e fase aguda de citomegalovirose: 128 (0,04%). Os resultados foram encaminhados ao pré-natalista e ao núcleo de vigilância epidemiológica municipal.
The Syrian Jihad in the Age of Ideology
Authors: Ryan Michael W. S.
Published: December 2016

Lister's excellent work on the composition and evolution of the Syrian Jihad will remain a valuable chronicle of events as seen from the perspective of the revolutionaries. But to discover the cause motivating or allowing the horrendous slaughter in Syria, we must look beyond the brutality of the Asad regime, although that undoubtedly played an important role; instead we need to look at the global tectonic forces that shook the greater Middle East even before the Arab Spring, and how those forces interacted with the Baʿthist response to the formation of the modern Syrian State after World War I, the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, and the demise of European colonial efforts after World War II.
A VACINOLOGIA EM CÃES E GATOS
Authors: Amaro Flávia Do Prado Augusto , Maczuga Juliana Maria , Caron Luiz Felipe
Published: December 2016

A vacinação é uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas para defesa das doenças infecciosas e desde a década de 60 os protocolos vacinais e a atenção veterinária se tornaram mais técnicas. Como a maioria dos procedimentos médicos, a vacinação envolve riscos e a ocorrência de reações pós-vacinais aliada ao aprimoramento das vacinas tem estimulado a discussão dos protocolos vacinais para cães e gatos. Para definir um protocolo que atenda da melhor maneira o paciente é necessário conhecer todas as variáveis envolvidas, os fatores relacionados ao hospedeiro, à enfermidade e à vacina. O estilo de vida dos animais de companhia e a disponibilidade de informação de qualidade possibilita o desenvolvimento de protocolos cada vez mais seguros e individualizados, cabendo ao médico veterinário a constante atualização de seus conhecimentos e práticas clínicas.