bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EGGPT：an extensible and growing genomic prediction technology
Authors: Wu Jianhui , Wang Yuze , Yu Rui , Long Linsiwan , Zhao Jiwen , Yuan Meng , Zhang Chuanliang , Chen Tiantian , Dong Haitao , Li Chunlian , Zheng Wei-Jun , kang zhensheng , Zeng Qingdong , Han Dejun
Published: July 2024

Genomic selection (GS) is an effective way to aid breeders in enhancing the precision and efficiency of plant and animal breeding through the use of genomic prediction (GP) methods. However, most of GP methods based on a single algorithm are poor robustness and lags behind the development of algorithms in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). To address these limitations, we present an extensible and growing genomic prediction technology (EGGPT). EGGPT is designed on engineering principles, that abstracts the GP process into a five-layer structure including data collection, processing, encoding, base and meta model construction. Using the ensemble learning, EGGPT overcomes the poor robustness. And the highly decoupled modular architecture enables rapid integration with new methods to achieve the best performance for all datasets. These datasets involve 84 various traits across 7 plant and 1 animal species, suggesting that EGGPT could emerge as a new paradigm in GP.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for In-Hospital Mortality from Perioperative Bacteremia in Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: Taki Yusuke , Sato Shinsuke , Watanabe Masaya , Ohata Ko , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Oba Noriyuki
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Prognostic scores require fluctuating values, such as respiratory rate, which are unsuitable for retrospective auditing. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for in-hospital mortality associated with gastrointestinal surgery for retrospective auditing.
Methods
Data from patients with bacteremia related to gastrointestinal surgery performed at Shizuoka General Hospital between July 2006 and December 2021 were extracted from a prospectively maintained database. Patients suspected of having a positive blood culture with contaminating bacteria or missing laboratory data were excluded. Remaining patients were divided into deviation (July 2006–November 2016) and validation cohorts (December 2016–December 2021) at a 2:1 ratio. A logistic regression model estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and created a predictive model for in-hospital mortality. The model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots.
Results
Of 20,637 gastrointestinal surgeries, 398 resulted in bacteremia. The median age of patients with bacteremia was 72 years, and 66.1% were male. The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus (13.9%), followed by Bacteroides (12.4%) and Escherichia (11.4%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that creatinine abnormality (P < 0.001, OR = 3.23), decreased prognostic nutritional index (P < 0.001, OR = 0.91/unit), and age ≥ 75 years (P = 0.016, OR = 2.16) were independent prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality. The area under the ROC curve of the predictive model was 0.775 in the validation cohort. The calibration plot revealed that the model overestimated mortality in the validation cohort.
Conclusions
Using age, creatinine level, albumin level, and lymphocyte count, the model accurately predicted in-hospital mortality after bacteremia infection related to gastrointestinal surgery, demonstrating its suitability for retrospective audits.
Navigating Barriers and Embracing Facilitators of Connection: Insights from Peer Recovery Specialists Working with Individuals with Substance Use Disorder and Criminal Justice Involvement: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Sutter-Barrett Rebecca , Spencer Nancy , Elnahas Nora , Hurd Rebecca , Delaney Margaret , Bivens Aman
Published: July 2024

Background
Substance use disorder affects over half of incarcerated individuals, with 23% experiencing opioid use disorder specifically. Addressing opioid use disorder in jails is crucial due to its association with increased recidivism and overdose. This study investigates the experiences of peer recovery specialists working with individuals with opioid use disorder and criminal justice involvement, focusing on barriers and facilitators to client connections. Qualitative interviews were conducted with five peer recovery specialists across three sites in Virginia between August 2022 to December 2023.
Results
This analysis categorized findings into two main domains: barriers to connection and facilitators of connection. Within the barriers to connection, six themes emerged: jail specific restrictions, client in withdrawal, social determinants of health insecurities, lack of client engagement, disconnection, and adverse peer recovery experience. Jail-specific restrictions was the most common barrier to connection with 91.3% of transcripts referencing at least one code for jail-specific restrictions; 73.91% of all transcripts indicated social determinants of health insecurities; 56.52% of all peer recovery specialist transcripts experienced clients in withdrawal; 52.17% of all transcripts identified lack of client engagement; 43.48% of all transcripts identified disconnection as a barrier; and 34.78% of all transcripts indicated adverse peer recovery specialist experiences. Three themes were identified as facilitators of connection: communication skills, connection to services, and positive peer recovery specialist experience. Communication skills were by far the most prominent, with 100% of all transcripts indicating a code related to communication skills; 60.87% of all transcripts indicated positive peer recovery specialist experience; and 56.52% of all transcripts identified connection to services as a facilitator. Notable discrepancies in code frequency were observed across different sites, suggesting site specific challenges.
Conclusion
This study offers valuable insights into enhancing peer-based support programs within the justice system for individuals with opioid use disorder. Barriers such as jail specific restrictions, client withdrawal, and social determinants of health insecurities pose significant challenges, while effective communication emerges as a critical facilitator. Findings emphasize the need for collaborative efforts between justice and recovery partners to optimize the impact of peer-based support services.
Assessing the Environmental and Economic Benefits of Solar Energy Integration in Nigerian Construction
Authors: Unegbu H. C. O. , Yawas D. S. , Dan-asabe B. , Alabi A. A.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the environmental and economic benefits of integrating solar energy into the Nigerian construction sector, alongside the challenges and barriers hindering its adoption. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights from interviews and case studies. The findings demonstrate substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, highlighting the positive impact of solar energy on air and water quality. Economically, the analysis reveals high Net Present Values (NPV) and Internal Rates of Return (IRR), indicating that solar energy investments are financially viable with significant long-term savings. However, the study identifies key challenges, including financial constraints, technological limitations, regulatory hurdles, and social and cultural barriers. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) provides a nuanced understanding of the multi-level factors influencing solar energy adoption, emphasizing the importance of individual awareness and organizational policy support. The study contributes to the existing literature on sustainable construction by providing empirical evidence and practical insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders. Recommendations include the development of supportive regulatory frameworks, financial incentives, public awareness campaigns, and community engagement strategies to overcome the identified barriers. Despite its limitations, this study underscores the critical role of solar energy in promoting environmental sustainability and economic development in Nigeria, calling for coordinated efforts to accelerate the transition to renewable energy solutions.
Adenoviral Fiber-Knob Based Vaccination Elicits Efficient Neutralizing Antibodies and CD4+ T cell Responses Against Adenovirus Infection
Authors: Orabi Ahmed , Shameli Kamyar , Protzer Ulrike , Moeini Hassan
Published: July 2024

Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) frequently cause common respiratory or gastrointestinal infections among children, adults, individuals with immune deficiencies and other vulnerable populations with varying degree of symptoms, ranging from mild to server, and in some cases, even fatalities. Despite the significant clinical impact of HAdVs, there is currently no approved vaccine available.
Methods: This study explores the potential of the adenovirus type 5 fiber knob (Ad5-FK) to stimulate the production of Ad-specific neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses in mice. Based in structure predictions, we firstly expressed Ad5-FK in E. coli and confirmed the assembly of FK into trimerc form. After testing the binding capability of the trimeric FK to susceptible cells, the immunogenicity of the protein, in combination with the c-di-AMP adjuvant was assessed in BALB/c mice.
Results: The purified Ad5-FK exhibited self-trimerization and maintained correct conformation akin to the authentic FK structure. This facilitated effective binding to susceptible HEK293 cells. Notably, the protein demonstrated significant inhibition of HEK293 cells infection by rAd5-GFP. Immunization of BALB/c mice with Ad5-FK or Ad5-FK mixed with c-di-AMP yielded FK-specific antibodies with potent neutralization capacity. Significantly, Ad5-FK was found to elicit a vigorous CD4+ T-cell response in the immunized mice..
Conclusion: Our findings underscore the efficacy of FK-based vaccine in eliciting anti-Ad humoral immune response and CD4 T-cell immune reactions essential for protection against viral infections.
Characteristics and association of trigger thumb with congenital malformation and developmental milestones in children: Nationwide analyses of a birth cohort
Authors: Kim So Young , Lee Hyun Il , Yoo Ha-Na , Han Bo Eun , Han Man Yong , Lee Soonchul
Published: July 2024

Despite extensive research on pediatric trigger thumb, nationwide data on patient characteristics, coexisting birth defects, and development remain limited. This cohort study, using Korean National Health Insurance data, analyzed 1.9 million births (2009–2012) followed to age 6. We identified 10,167 trigger thumb cases and matched them 1:10 by sex and birth year with controls. Baseline features, congenital malformations (ICD-10, Q00-Q89), and development at ages 4–6 (Korean Developmental Screening Test) were compared. Logistic regression assessed comorbidity risk, expressed as odds ratio (OR), while generalized estimating equations evaluated the association between trigger thumb and developmental outcomes. The trigger thumb group (average diagnosis age: 31.3 months, 46.6% male) had 32.6% of surgery rate at an average age of 43 months. Trigger thumb group had significantly higher rates of musculoskeletal (OR 5.80, 95% CI 5.38–6.26), lens (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.19–6.42), and circulatory system malformations (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09–1.49) compared to controls. However, assessment using the Korean Developmental Screening Test revealed no significant delays in development, including gross and fine motor skills. Pediatric trigger thumb is linked to increased congenital malformations but doesn't seem to hinder development. Screening for coexisting conditions and reassuring parents about development are crucial.
Umbilical double-port laparoscopy combined with extraperitoneal water injection for the treatment of giant inguinal hernias in infants and young children
Authors: Xiao Zhixiang , Wu Lijing , Li Jun , He Shaohua , Kang Yingquan
Published: July 2024

Objective Exploration of the efficacy of treating large indirect inguinal hernias in infants and young children using umbilical double-port laparoscopy combined with extraperitoneal water injection.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 165 cases of primary unilateral large indirect inguinal hernias in infants and young children treated at our hospital from May 2018 to May 2023. Among them, 90 cases underwent umbilical double-port laparoscopic surgery combined with extraperitoneal water injection and high ligation of the hernia sac (Double-Port Group), and another 75 cases underwent conventional three-port laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac (Three-Port Group). The two groups were compared in terms of operation time, postoperative pain scores at 24 hours, hospital stay, incision complications, and recurrence within one year after surgery.
Results Both groups successfully completed the surgery without any intraoperative complications. The pain score at 24 hours postoperatively was lower in the Double-Port Group compared to the Three-Port Group, and there was no statistically significant difference in operation time, hospital stay, and incision complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both groups were followed up for one year postoperatively; the Three-Port Group had one recurrence that was cured after further treatment, while there were no recurrences in the Double-Port Group.
Conclusion Umbilical double-port laparoscopy combined with extraperitoneal water injection for the treatment of large indirect inguinal hernias in infants and young children has the advantages of being safe and reliable, with concealed and aesthetic incisions, and rapid recovery.
Comparison of Registered and Survey-based Modes of HIV Transmission in 2021-2023: cross- sectional study in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Dumchev Kostyantyn , Stepanovich-Falke Anastassiya , Lunchenkov Nikolay , Rohde Anna , Danshyna Anastasiya , Bekbolotov Aibek , Solpueva Aigul , Kenzhekarieva Aidana , Karagulova Aida , Narmatova Elmira , Varetska Olga , Bivol Stela , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer Barbara
Published: July 2024

Background
Accurate identification of the mode of transmission (MoT) of HIV is critical for effective prevention. However, stigma associated with behaviors such as injecting drug use (IDU) and sex between men (MSM) can lead to misclassification of MoT data. This study replicates the methodology used in Ukraine to assess MoT misclassification and trends in Kyrgyzstan, with the aim of informing evidence-based epidemic control strategies.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients diagnosed with HIV in the six largest administrative units of Kyrgyzstan during the first three quarters of 2021–2023. The survey assessed pre-seroconversion HIV risk factors using self-administered, interviewer-assisted questionnaires, and HCV testing. The McNemar test compared registered and survey-based MoT, while logistic regression analyzed MoT trends over time.
Results
A total of 1,962 new HIV diagnoses were registered in the study period, of them 480 individuals completed the survey. The proportion of cases attributable to IDU and MSM was higher in the survey than in the registration system (8.1% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.001 for IDU; 14.2% vs. 11.7% p = 0.12, for MSM), whereas heterosexual MoT was lower (76.0% vs. 80.2%, p = 0.038). Selling sex was reported by 2.9%, and in combination with IDU and MSM, 23.5% of participants could be categorized into one of the three key populations. An additional 18.1% belonged to bridge populations. There was a 23% increase in the absolute number of registered patients in the corresponding periods over three years, but the MoT distribution did not change.
Conclusion
We found significant misclassification in IDU and heterosexual MoT, but not in MSM, possibly due to suboptimal survey sensitivity amid the increased stigmatization of the LGBTQI + community. At least 41% of newly registered cases in Kyrgyzstan occurred in key and bridge populations, highlighting the need for intensified prevention efforts in these groups.
Utilizing Drug Scent Mimics to Enhance Public Engagement and Awareness in Narcotics Prevention Education
Authors: Lai Alvin Cheuk Him , DU Yun Hong , LEE Theodora Wai See , HOR Catherine Hong Huan
Published: July 2024

Background: Drug use disorders cause significant health and economic burdens globally. Effective preventive education is crucial for educating and reducing drug use in society. This study introduces an innovative approach using narcotic scent mimics (pseudoscents) to create an interactive and engaging atmosphere during anti-drug activities, thereby aiming to improve the outcome of drug preventive education. We also evaluated the effectiveness of incorporating narcotic scent mimics in enhancing public engagement and improving outcomes in preventive education.
Methods: Pseudoscent samples of commonly abused drugs were distributed at public anti-drug events, campaigns, and education seminars. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed postevent to collect feedback. From the survey, we evaluated participants' responses on the potential and effectiveness of scent mimics in enhancing their understanding of harmful narcotics and raising awareness of the consequences of drug addiction.
Results: A total of 126 respondents were included, 45% male and 55% female. The participants responded positively to this initiative. In particular, the respondents expressed general curiosity about the newly introduced drug scent mimic and found that the information derived from the pseudoscent experience was genuinely useful. These findings indicate that the use of pseudoscents in anti-drug events successfully piqued participants' curiosity and fostered public engagement for more effective anti-drug education.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that providing an interactive sensory experience effectively delivers drug preventive education messages to the public, suggesting that the use of narcotic scent mimics is an engaging and effective approach for anti-drug initiatives.
Digital guides for precise U-shaped splitting and simultaneous implant placement with minimal surgical trauma: a clinical report
Authors: Feng Xin , Wan Ziqianhong , Wang Xiaoxia , Wang Xiaoyue , Wang Jin , Zhu Zhuoli
Published: July 2024

Background
U-shaped splitting technology has been proven to be an effective horizontal bone augmentation technique for patients with insufficient bone width and labial concavity. However, obtaining a suitable U-shaped bone plate based on the ideal implant site by freehand remains difficult, especially without a sufficient surgical field.
Case presentation
A 25-year-old man came to restore his right canine teeth. Since a labial bone undercut was found in region 43, a surgical procedure involving U-shaped splitting in an envelope flap with simultaneous implant placement using two digital guides was performed.
Conclusion
With the assistance of two digital guides, precise U-shaped splitting in an envelope flap can minimize surgical trauma and has a significant effect on horizontal bone augmentation.
Differences between neonatal units with high and low rates of breast milk feeding for very preterm babies at discharge: a qualitative study of staff experiences
Authors: McLeish Jenny , Aloysius Annie , Gale Chris , Quigley Maria , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Alderdice Fiona
Published: July 2024

Background
Breast milk has significant benefits for preterm babies, but ‘very preterm’ babies born before 32 weeks are less likely to receive their mother’s milk than babies born at later gestation, as mothers have to initiate and sustain lactation through expressing their milk for tube feeding until their babies can feed orally. There are wide disparities between neonatal units in England in rates of breast milk feeding at discharge. This study explored health professionals’ experiences of barriers and facilitators to their role in supporting breast milk feeding and breastfeeding for very preterm babies.
Methods
12 health professionals were interviewed, from four neonatal units in England with high or low rates of breast milk feeding at discharge. Interviews were analysed using comparative thematic analysis.
Results
There were notable differences between neonatal units. Five themes were developed: (1)‘The role of the infant feeding specialist’ with subthemes ‘Time allocated to infant feeding support’, ‘Supportive relationships and proactive, personalised support’, and ‘Shared responsibility for feeding support’; (2)‘Achieving a whole team approach to breast milk feeding’ with subthemes ‘Leadership and the feeding culture’, ‘Using external standards as levers’, and ‘Training for the multi-disciplinary team’; (3)‘Supporting initiation of breastfeeding’ with subthemes ‘Attitudes to early initiation’ and ‘Joined up working with postnatal ward’; (4)‘Supporting long-term expressing’ with subthemes ‘Positive feedback’, ‘Troubleshooting challenges’ and ‘Provision of breastpumps and facilities’; (5)‘Supporting the transition to breastfeeding’ with subthemes ‘Attitudes to breastfeeding’, ‘Overcoming separation of mothers and babies’, ‘Breastfeeding as the only oral feeding’, ‘Maintaining confidence without measuring volume’, and ‘Reassurance about weight gain’.
Conclusions
Effective support can be influenced by having a supernumerary post dedicated to infant feeding; strong leadership that champions breast milk feeding and breastfeeding within Family Integrated Care; maintaining accountability by using existing quality improvement tools and accredited standards for neonatal units; and training for the whole multi-disciplinary team that encourages and enables every member of staff to take an appropriate share of responsibility for consistently informing and assisting mothers with expressing and breastfeeding. Joined-up working between staff on antenatal and postnatal wards and neonatal units is important to enable integrated feeding support for the mother-baby dyad.
What supports mothers of very preterm babies to start and continue breast milk feeding neonatal units? A qualitative COM-B analysis of mothers’ experiences
Authors: McLeish Jenny , Aloysius Annie , Gale Chris , Quigley Maria , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Alderdice Fiona
Published: July 2024

Background
It is challenging for mothers who give birth very preterm (before 32 weeks) to produce sufficient breast milk by expressing for weeks before their baby is able to feed from the breast, and then to transition from tube feeding to breastfeeding. Lactation is most successful when stimulated shortly after birth, established within the first few days, and maintained by expressing multiple times daily. This study explored mothers’ experiences of how breast milk feeding and breastfeeding for very preterm babies can be supported by staff and the facilities of a neonatal unit.
Methods
23 mothers of very preterm babies were interviewed, from four neonatal units in England with high or low rates of breast milk feeding at discharge. Interviews were analysed using the COM-B framework to consider how mothers’ behaviour (breast milk feeding and breastfeeding) is affected by capability, opportunity and motivation.
Results
Mothers’ motivation in the traumatic situation of very preterm birth was strongly affected by information from staff about the benefits of breast milk for their baby, the importance of early and frequent expressing, and how to assess the effectiveness of direct breastfeeding. It was maintained through positive feedback about their efforts which built their confidence, and reassurance about what is ‘normal’ growth when a baby begins direct breastfeeding. Motivation needed to be supported by opportunity, including access to equipment for expressing and facilities to stay near the neonatal unit, and also by capability, which required proactive and skilled information and support from staff. Specialist support and facilities varied between units, and some mothers were not given necessary information or had their motivation undermined by staff comments.
Conclusions
Interventions to increase breast milk feeding and breastfeeding for very preterm babies should address mothers’ motivation, capability and opportunity, aiming for systematic elimination of obstacles. Mothers value personalised and skilled specialist support, but also need other staff to be able to give consistent information and affirmation focused on their efforts rather than their success, with a trauma-informed approach. Investing in rooming-in facilities that minimise the separation of mothers and babies is likely to overcome a key obstacle.
Facile synthesis of ultrafine Cu, Ag, and Ni nanoparticles supported on 3D hydrogel beads for the rapid reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Yao Shuaikang , Zhao Jingkun , Shao Guolin Lin , Gao Siyu , Zhai Shangru , Xiao Zuoyi , Zhang Feng
Published: July 2024

The development of a catalyst with high catalytic activity and selectivity remains a crucial challenge in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. In this work, we demonstrated a versatile procedure for the immobilization of ultrafine and monodispersed metal nanoparticles within 5 nm onto glutaraldehyde-crosslinked polyethyleneimine-modified calcium alginate (GLA-PEI/Ca-SA) beads. The resulting hydrogel beads underwent comprehensive characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that well-dispersed Ag, Cu, and Ni nanoparticles, each with a mean size of 3.5, 2.6, and 4.1 nm, respectively, were successfully loaded onto the surface of GLA-PEI/Ca-SA beads with a 3D interconnected honeycomb-like porous structure. Notably, the Ag/GLA-PEI/Ca-SA exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and stability, achieving over 95% conversion within 7 successive cycles towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) by NaBH4 in aqueous solution. Particularly, the Cu/GLA-PEI/Ca-SA beads displayed the highest catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-NP with a kinetic reaction rate constant of 1.56×10− 2 s− 1. We expect that this work provides a novel and effective strategy to design highly efficient catalysts across various catalytic reactions.
New ipsilateral full endoscopic interlaminar Approach for L5-S1 foraminal and extraforaminal decompression: technique description and initial case series.
Authors: Moscatelli Marco Aurélio , Vargas Antonio Roth , Lima Marcos Vaz , Komp Martin , Silva Rafael Barreto , Carvalho Márcio Oliveira Penna , Santos Juliano Rodrigues , Pokorny Gabriel , Ruetten Sebastian
Published: July 2024

Background
The L5-S1 interlaminar access described in 2006 by Ruetten et al. represented a paradigm shift and a new perspective on endoscopic spinal approaches. Since then, the spinal community has shown that both the traditional ipsilateral and novel contralateral interlaminar approaches to the L5-S1 foramen are good alternatives to transforaminal access. This study aimed to provide a technical description and brief case series analysis of a new endoscopic foraminal and extraforaminal approach for pathologies at the lumbar L5-S1 level using a new ipsilateral interlaminar approach.
Methods
Thirty patients with degenerative stenotic conditions at the L5-S1 disc level underwent the modified interlaminar approach. The surgical time, blood loss, occurrence of complications, and clinical outcomes were recorded. The data were compiled in Excel and analyzed using R software version 4.2. All continuous variables are presented as the mean, median, minimum, and maximal ranges. For categorical variables, data are described as counts and percentages.
Results
Thirty patients were included in the study. The cohort showed significant improvements in all quality-of-life scores (ODI, visual analog scale of back pain, and visual analog scale of leg pain). Five cases of postoperative numbness and three cases of postoperative dysesthesia have been reported. No case of durotomy or leg weakness has been reported.
Conclusions
The fundamental change proposed by this procedure, the new ipsilateral approach, presents potential advantages to surgeons by overcoming anatomical challenges at the L5-S1 level and by providing surgeon-friendly visualization and access. This approach allows for extensive foraminal and extraforaminal decompression, including the removal of hernias and osteophytosis, without causing neural retraction of the L5-S1 roots while maintaining the stability of the operated level.
Multicenter epidemiological survey and analysis of related factors in 10,808 hospitalized children with lower limb and pelvic fractures in China
Authors: Qiu Xin , Zhu Tianfeng , Deng Hansheng , Chen Jianlin , Feng Haoran , Huang Zilong , Li Jiahui , Wang Xinyu , Liu Shizhe , Wang Shuaiyin , Gu Zhenkun , Wu Zhengyu , Yang Qisong , Liu Gen , Feng Guoshuang , Sechi Leonardo , Caggiari Gianfilippo , You Chao , Fu Guibing
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To analyze the causes, locations, associated injuries, and relevant factors of lower limb and pelvic fractures in Chinese children to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the incidence of such fractures.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of children with lower limb and pelvic fractures admitted to 27 tertiary children's hospitals affiliated with China's Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development between December 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, was conducted. Inpatient cases were analyzed in the following age groups: Infants (＜2 years), Preschool children (2-5years), School children (6-11years), and Adolescents (12-18 years).
Results: This study included 10,808 pediatric patients (7,152 males, 3,656 females). The proportion of preschool children of lower limb and pelvic fractures is the highest. Of the total patients, 14, 398 had lower limb and pelvic fracture sites. The shafts of the femur, tibia, and fibula, the distal tibia, distal fibula, and the pelvis were the six most common locations. Of the 734 pelvic fractures in children and adolescents, the top three locations were the ilium, pubic bone, and the ischium. Of the total patients, 9,599 underwent surgery, while 1,209 received non-surgical treatment. The three most common causes of pediatric lower limb and pelvic fractures were falling over, traffic accidents, and falling from a height. Concomitant trauma to other systems, in 1,806 cases, had respiratory trauma as the most common; the top three conditions were pulmonary contusions, traumatic pneumonia, and pneumothorax. Concomitant nervous system trauma had scalp hematoma, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage as the top three conditions. Concomitant digestive trauma had traumatic liver, splenic, and pancreatic injuries as the top three conditions. Concomitant urinary trauma had traumatic renal, urethral, and perineal injuries as the top three conditions. Concomitant circulatory trauma was in 36 cases.
Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics of lower-limb and pelvic fractures in children provide valuable information. Implementing appropriate and effective preventive measures is crucial for preventing the occurrence of lower limb and pelvic fractures in children. The treatment and management of pelvic fractures and the associated multi-system injuries resulting from high-energy trauma in children require interdisciplinary teamwork to minimize the risk of mortality in the affected children.
Detection of H. pylori IgA and IgG in serum and saliva collected from health care individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to individual hygiene and parasitic infections
Authors: Hassanein Faika , Abdel-Latif Mohamed S. , Shehata Amany I
Published: July 2024

Background
Gastrointestinal microbial infections among healthcare individuals are very common due to several risk factors including inappropriate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle. This study is the first cross sectional study that stratified the healthcare individuals to correlate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle with gastrointestinal microbial infections. Moreover, this study compared the levels of H. pylori antibodies (IgG and IgA) in serum and saliva trying to find a surrogate non-invasive method for detection of H. pylori antibodies.
Methods
Two hundred healthcare individuals (HCIs) suffering from gastritis were enrolled. The HCIs included hospital workers, employees, nursing students, nurses, and doctors. Blood, saliva, and stool samples were collected from HCIs after obtaining their informed consent for microbial infection investigations.
Results
Data revealed a high rate of intestinal microbial infections among healthcare individuals. Some cases have single, double, triple microbial infection or even more. The highest rates of infection were detected among workers and nurses, followed by employees and nursing students; in contrast, the lowest rate of infection was detected among doctors. Moreover, data revealed the inappropriate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle increase the incidence of high risk for microbial infections. Also, results showed that the levels of H. pylori antibodies are similar in serum and saliva samples.
Conclusion
Inappropriate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle of healthcare individuals are directly correlated with the increased risk of gastrointestinal microbial infections. Moreover, the current study concluded that salivary immunoglobulins could be used as a non-invasive surrogate for the detection of H. pylori infection.
Potential factors that influence the occurrence of trans fatty acids in fried foods: a case study on plantain chips sold within the Accra Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Addo Phyllis , Chen Jinyao , Zheng Bo , Li Xiaomeng , Zhang Lishi , Tano-Debrah Kwaku
Published: July 2024

Dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) are largely unregulated in Ghana despite known health risks. However, data on TFA levels in Ghanaian foods, especially in deep-fried snacks, are lacking, even though suboptimal frying, a common practice among food vendors, may contribute to TFA formation. This study assessed the TFA content in plantain chips, a popular deep-fried snack, using gas chromatography with a flame-ionizing detector (GC-FID) to fill this knowledge gap. A total of 120 plantain chip samples were statistically acquired from various processors and vendors in the Accra Metropolis, and the total fat and TFA concentrations were quantified. Additionally, a survey was conducted on 30 commercial plantain chip processors via in-depth interviews. The fat content of the plantain chips ranged from 26.0 g to 30.9 g/100 g, with TFA concentrations varying between 1.41 g and 2.88 g/100 g fat and 0.41 g and 0.78 g/100 g food. Seven trans isomers of oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were detected in all the food samples, at varying concentrations. The specific isomers identified included one from OA (t9-C18:1), two from LA (c9, t12-C18:2; t9, c12-C18:2), and four from ALA (c9, c12, t15-C18:3; c9, t12, t15-C18:3; c9, t12, c15-C18:3; t9, c12, c15-C18:3; and t9, c12, c15-C18:3). Almost all (97%) commercial plantain chip processors admitted to reusing oils four or more times before disposal and reported using different types of oils, primarily refined, bleached deodorized palm olein and soybean-based oils. The reuse of oils and the types of oil used were identified as contributing factors influencing TFA occurrence in the snack. Stricter regulations on oil usage in food processing are needed to minimize TFAs in Ghanaian foods.
Preparation and characterization of bacterial cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite membrane using zinc chloride hydrate as a solvent for biomedical application
Authors: Pichaiaukrit Woradej , Chanamuangkon Theerapat , Chumprasert Sujin , Sae-ear Pannagorn
Published: July 2024

Bacterial cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol are used in various biomedical applications because they are non-toxic and biocompatible. There are many methods to composite these polymers, such as thermal cycling, immersion using glutaraldehyde–acetone solution, cast drying, and in situ. The objective of this study was to fabricate the composite membrane by blend bacterial cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol which were dissolved in zinc chloride hydrtae at the ratio 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 by weight and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde-acetone solution. The composite membrane was examined physical appearance by macroscopic and scanning electron microscope, chemical composition by fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope, water absorption ability, wettability by contact angle measurement, and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. At the ratio 1:1 and polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in ZnCl2·12H2O, the result demonstrated that the membrane did not show shrinkage or folding at the periphery and presented the highest water absorption ability and good wettability; however, it showed cytotoxic. In conclusion, this study accomplished fabricating the bacterial cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol composite membrane from a zinc chloride-based solution. Moreover, the further study will be conducted to fabricate the non-toxic composite membrane by using another crosslink agent for biomedical application.
BERTPhylo: An Efffcient Method to Accelerate Phylogenetic Inference Using a Pretrained DNA Language Model
Authors: Xu Wuqin , Deng Danruo , Wu Bian , Comes Hans , Feng Yu , Li Pan , Zheng Jinfang , Chen Guangyong , Heng Pheng Ann
Published: July 2024

Understanding the phylogenetic relationships among species is crucial for comprehending major evolutionary transitions, serving as the foundation for many biological studies. Despite the ever-growing volume of sequence data providing a significant opportunity for biological research, constructing reliable phylogenetic trees effectively becomes more challenging for current analytical methods. In this study, we introduce a novel solution to accelerate phylogeny inference using a pretrained DNA language model. Our approach identifies the taxonomic unit of a newly collected sequence using existing taxonomic classification systems and updates the corresponding subtree, akin to surgical corrections on a given phylogenetic tree. Specifically, we leverage a pretrained BERT network to obtain high-dimensional sequence representations, which are used not only to determine the subtree to be updated but also identify potentially valuable regions for subtree construction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, named BERTPhylo, through experiments on our established PlantSeqs dataset, focusing on Embryophyta. Our findings provide the first evidence that phylogenetic trees can be constructed by automatically selecting the most informative regions of sequences, without manual selection of molecular markers. This discovery offers a robust guide for further research into the functional aspects of different regions of DNA sequences, enriching our understanding of biology.
Deep Learning for 3D Vascular Segmentation in Phase Contrast Tomography
Authors: Yagis Ekin , Aslani Shahab , Jain Yashvardhan , Zhou Yang , Rahmani Shahrokh , Brunet Joseph , Bellier Alexandre , Werlein Christopher , Ackermann Maximilian , Jonigk Danny , Tafforeau Paul , Walsh Claire , Lee Peter D
Published: July 2024

Automated blood vessel segmentation is critical for biomedical image analysis, as vessel morphology changes are associated with numerous pathologies. Still, precise segmentation is difficult due to the complexity of vascular structures, anatomical variations across patients, the scarcity of annotated public datasets, and the quality of images. Our goal is to provide a foundation on the topic and identify a robust baseline model for application to vascular segmentation using a new imaging modality, Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography (HiP-CT).
We begin with an extensive review of current machine learning approaches for vascular segmentation across various organs. Our work introduces a meticulously curated training dataset, verified by double annotators, consisting of vascular data from three kidneys imaged using Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography (HiP-CT) as part of the Human Organ Atlas Project. HiP-CT, pioneered at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in 2020, revolutionizes 3D organ imaging by offering resolution around 20µm/voxel, and enabling highly detailed localized zooms up to 1µm/voxel without physical sectioning. We leverage the nnU-Net framework to evaluate model performance on this high-resolution dataset, using both known and novel samples, and implementing metrics tailored for vascular structures. Our comprehensive review and empirical analysis on HiP-CT data sets a new standard for evaluating machine learning models in high-resolution organ imaging.
Our three experiments yielded Dice scores of 0.9523 and 0.9410, and 0.8585, respectively. Nevertheless, DSC primarily assesses voxel-to-voxel concordance, overlooking several crucial characteristics of the vessels and should not be the sole metric for deciding the performance of vascular segmentation. Our results show that while segmentations yielded reasonably high scores—such as centerline Dice values ranging from 0.82 to 0.88, certain errors persisted.
Specifically, large vessels that collapsed due to the lack of hydro-static pressure (HiP-CT is an ex vivo technique) were segmented poorly. Moreover, decreased connectivity in finer vessels and higher segmentation errors at vessel boundaries were observed. Such errors, particularly in significant vessels, obstruct the understanding of the structures by interrupting vascular tree connectivity. Through our review and outputs, we aim to set a benchmark for subsequent model evaluations using various modalities, especially with the HiP-CT imaging database.
Human tau promotes Warburg effect-like glycolytic metabolism under acute hyperglycemia conditions
Authors: Li Nan , Yao Jinyi , Fu Zhenli , Li Keying , Zheng Jingjing , Chen Zicong , Xu Jiahao , Lai Guoqing , Huang Yaomin , Huang Jinsheng , You Guanying , Han Shuangxue , He Zhijun , Liu Qiong
Published: July 2024

The neurofilaments formed by hyperphosphorylated tau is a hallmark of tau-related neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer’s disease, tau related FTDP-17, Pick’s disease, et al. However, the biological functions of tau and the physiological significance of its phosphorylation are still not fully understood. By using human tau (441 a.a.) transgenic (hTau) mice in which murine tau has been deleted simultaneously, murine tau knockout (Tau KO) mice and C57BL/6J (C57) mice, unexpectedly, we found that under acute hyperglycemia conditions, JNK but not previously reported GSK3beta mediated tau phosphorylation. Moreover, Akt, the inhibitory kinase upstream of GSK3beta, was activated in a tau dependent manner. By comparing the membrane-associated proteome, we found that human tau influenced the homeostasis of protein-membrane association under acute hyperglycemia conditions. Of note, with respect to C57 and Tau KO mice, the membrane-association of Krts, TFAM, TRAP1, mTOR et al, were strengthened by human tau. Whereas, the membrane-association of ribosomal proteins Rpls, proteasome proteins Psmds, and mitochondrial proteins, such as COXs, Ndufa1, Mtnt4, et al, were impeded by human tau. In vitro study showed that aerobic glycolysis was promoted in the presence of human tau, which maintained NAD+/NADH ratio. On the other hand, it restricted oxidative phosphorylation level, modulated the activity of SDH, and reduced ROS production upon high glucose challenging. Furthermore, under acute high glucose conditions, the presence of human tau significantly augmented Akt activation, but inhibited 4E-BP1 phosphorylation simultaneously, indicating that human tau is also involved in regulating the alternative activation of mTORC1/2. In summary, the current study revealed that human tau played an important role in regulating glycolytic metabolism under acute high hyperglycemia conditions, which is similar with the Warburg-effect, through influencing the homeostasis of protein-membrane association.
GML-YOLO: A lightweight infrared small object detection algorithm
Authors: Da mei , Jiang lin , Tao you feng , Zhang zhi jian
Published: July 2024

Infrared imaging technology captures the thermal radiation characteristics of targets, enabling object monitoring and filtering redundant road information in complex road scenarios. This paper proposes a lightweight infrared small object detection algorithm GML-YOLO to address issues such as low accuracy, large parameter volume, dependency on high-performance GPU resources, and slow detection speed in infrared pedestrian and vehicle object detection models. Firstly, we designed a lightweight backbone network, G_HGNet, to improve feature extraction efficiency, enabling accurate and real-time feature extraction. Additionally, we incorporated adaptive downsampling and attention mechanisms in the network fusion part, replacing the simple concatenation used in traditional detectors. This design effectively integrates shallow and deep information. Subsequently, the WIOUv3 loss function was employed to enhance model convergence speed and reduce losses, thereby increasing model robustness. Finally, comparative experiments were conducted on our dataset as well as the public FLIR and Pascal VOC datasets. The results demonstrate that GML-YOLO achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) of 89.7% on our dataset (ISTD), 86.5% on the FLIR dataset, and 82.0% on the Pascal VOC dataset. Additionally, computational load and parameter volume were reduced by 20% and 27%, respectively. The improved GML-YOLO algorithm outperforms YOLOv3, YOLOv5, YOLOv6, YOLOv8s, and YOLOv8n, validating the feasibility of our proposed algorithm.
Effect of Minimally Invasive Posterior Veneer Preparation Designs on Failure Load and Mode After Fatigue (in-vitro Study)
Authors: Mady Islam Mohamed , Kady Ahmed Safwat El , Aboushelib Moustafa Nabil , Hussein Mohamed Hussein Abdelrahman
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Ceramic veneers are considered one of the most essential demands in dental aesthetics. It provides high accuracy and efficiency in restoring tooth shape, shade, form, and function. Preparation design is considered a critical factor in the success of dental veneers, as it influences the failure load and fatigue survival of posterior minimally invasive ceramic veneer restorations.
Objective
To assess how various preparation designs affect the minimally invasive posterior ceramic veneer restorations' fatigue survival and failure load.
Materials and methods
64 human premolars were divided into four groups of equal size. Group 1 had a buccal preparation depth of 0.7 mm; group 2 had an additional reduction of the buccal cusp, group 3 had a mesio-occluso distal box. The occlusal box preparation has a vertical dimension of three mm and a horizontal dimension of 2 mm, while sound teeth serve as control. Monolithic lithium disilicate restorations were cemented in adhesive cement and then exposed to dynamic fatigue while thermocycling. Each specimen underwent a single load-to-failure test, and the discrepancy in failure load before and after fatigue was computed.
Results
no significant differences in initial fracture resistance were observed among the four groups evaluated (p < .075). Nevertheless, after fatigue, significant differences were detected (p < .013) as fatigue caused a substantial drop in fracture resistance among all groups.
Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, minimally invasive preparation designs are recommended compared to full coverage aggressive preparation designs.
Variable Bandwidth Technique-Based Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
Authors: Choi Hyoseo , Park Jae Kyung , Kim Seok-Kyoon , Kim Yonghoon
Published: July 2024

This paper exhibits a robust current controller incorporating the variable bandwidth technique with the disturbance observer (DOB) for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). There are two contributions: (a) the variable bandwidth algorithm, called the auto-tuner, is systematically designed to boost the transient current tracking performance and (b) it is proved that the proposed controller renders the closed-loop system to recover the target tracking performance without steady-state errors. The experimental study is conducted to verify the efficacy of proposed controller using a 700-W prototype PMSM.