HUBUNGAN ANTARA KERAPATAN POPULASI KEPIK RENDA, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist) (HEMIPTERA : TINGIDAE) DAN KEHILANGAN HASIL PADA TANAMAN LADA
Authors: LABA I WAYAN , RAUF A. , U. KARTOSUWONDO U. KARTOSUWONDO , SOEHARDJAN M. 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Kepik renda, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist) (Hemiptera : Tingidae)<br />merupakan salah satu hama yang menyerang tanaman lada di Indonesia.<br />Hama ini mengisap bunga lada, dan dapat menggagalkan pembuahan.<br />Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kerapatan<br />populasi D. hewetti dan kerusakan bunga serta pembentukan buah pada<br />berbagai fase bunga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan kebun<br />percobaan Petaling BPTP Kepulauan Bangka Belitung pada musim hujan<br />(Nopember 2003 – Pebruari 2004). Penelitian rumah kaca menggunakan<br />lada perdu varietas LDL umur ± 1 tahun. Kerapatan populasi nimfa instar<br />5 dan imago masing-masing 0,1 dan 2 per tandan bunga masing-masing<br />pada 3 fase bunga. Periode mengisap bunga selama 24 jam. Rancangan<br />percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan pola faktorial dan<br />diulang 5 kali. Percobaan lapangan menggunakan varietas LDL, umur ± 6<br />tahun. Populasi imago 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 per 4 tandan bunga masing-masing<br />pada 3 fase bunga. Periode mengisap bunga selama 72 jam. Untuk nimfa<br />menggunakan kerapatan populasi 0, 1, 2, dan 3 per tandan. Pemaparan<br />serangga selama 24 jam. Rancangan percobaan untuk nimfa menggunakan<br />acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial dan diulang 5 kali, sedangkan untuk<br />imago juga menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial<br />dan diulang 6 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase kerusakan<br />bunga, buah terbentuk, buah yang tidak terbentuk dan kehilangan hasil.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antara kerapatan<br />populasi kepik renda dengan kerusakan bunga lada dan pembentukan<br />buah. Pada kerapatan 2 ekor nimfa maupun imago menunjukkan<br />kerusakan bunga dan kehilangan hasil yang paling tinggi. Kerusakan<br />bunga dan pembentukan buah akibat serangan imago dan nimfa tidak<br />menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Tingkat kerusakan bunga di rumah<br />kaca antara 67,00–87,89%, sedangkan di lapangan antara 61,10–85,30%,<br />disebabkan oleh imago kepik renda, dan 71,00-93,30% oleh nimfa.<br />Kehilangan hasil di rumah kaca antara 55,07–83,04%, sedangkan di<br />lapangan antara 35,30–82,89%, disebabkan oleh imago, sedangkan oleh<br />nimfa berkisar antara 73,24–89,05%. Tingkat kerusakan bunga lebih tinggi<br />pada fase 1 dan 2 dibandingkan dengan fase 3. Hasil penelitian ini<br />memberikan indikasi bahwa serangan oleh satu ekor nimfa maupun imago<br />kepik renda mengakibatkan kerusakan bunga minimal 61,10% dan<br />kehilangan hasil minimal 35,30%.<br />Kata kunci : Lada, Piper nigrum, hama, Diconocoris hewetti, kerusakan<br />bunga, kehilangan hasil</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Relationship between the population densities of blossom<br />sucking lace bug Diconocoris hewetti (Dist) (Hemiptera;<br />Tingidae) and yield losses on pepper plantation<br />Blossom sucking lace bug, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist) (Hemiptera;<br />Tingidae) is one of the pest insect attacking pepper in Indonesia. This pest<br />insect sucks pepper blossom liquid and disturb fruit formation. The<br />objective of this experiment was to find out the relationship between the<br />population densities of blossom sucking lace bug, D. hewetti and flower<br />damage, number of fruits formed and yield losses of pepper at various<br />flower phases. These studies were conducted in a green house and pepper<br />plantation in the Institute of Assessment Agricultural Technology, Bangka<br />Belitung Island during rainy season (November 2003 to February 2004).<br />The green house research used bushy pepper more or less 1 year old. The<br />lace bug of the last instar or 5 th instar nymph and adult were used at<br />population density : 0, 1 and 2 insects/bunch in 3 blossom phases<br />respectively. Feeding period of lace bug was 24 hours. Design of this<br />experiment was completely randomized with factorial design and 5<br />replications. Field study used LDL pepper variety with aged ± 6 years.<br />The population densities of adult lace bug were: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 per 4<br />bunches on 3 types of pepper blossom phases respectively. Feeding period<br />of lace bug was 72 hours. Field study also used last instar nymph with<br />population density : 0, 1, 2 and 3/bunch. Feeding period was 24 hours.<br />Randomized block design with factorial and 5 replications were used on<br />instar nymph, while on the adult stadium randomized block design with<br />factorial and 6 replications were also used. The intensity of flower<br />damage, fruits formed, fruits unformed and yield losses were counted. The<br />result revealed that the number of fruits formed and yield losses were<br />significantly different among population density of lace bug. The<br />population densities of two lace bug caused higher flower damage and<br />yield losses than other population densities. Flowers damage, fruits<br />formation and yield losses caused by nymph and adult were not<br />significantly different. The level of flower damage in green house<br />observation was between 67.00 – 87.89%, while in the field was between<br />61.10 – 85.30% caused by adult, and 71.00 – 93.30% caused by nymph.<br />Yield loss of pepper was 55.07 – 83.04% in the green house, while the<br />yield losses in the field was 35.30 – 82.89% due to the attack of adult.<br />Yield loss caused by nymph was 73.24 – 89.05%. The level of flower<br />damage on phases 1 and 2 were higher than the flower damage of phase<br />3. This research indicated that the attack of one adult or one nymph of<br />lace bug, D. hewetti caused flower damage minimum 61.10% and yield<br />loss minimum 35.30%.<br />Key words : Pepper, Piper nigrum, pest insect, Diconocoris hewetti,<br />flower damage, yield loss</p>