bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biomass and Coal Blended
Authors: Zhang Bing , Lu Guang Wu
Published: September 2013

Under different conditions,combustion characteristics of the single biomass,the single coal and the mixture of biomass and coal were analyzed by using thermogravimetric analyzer. Combustion characteristic parameters of the sawdust,the rice husk,the rice straw and the Baisha coal of Leiyang were studied,including ignition temperature,the maximum rate of combustion temperature,the burnout temperature and so on. The experimental results show that the biomass burning temperature is lower than the Baisha coal and there are two obvious weight loss phases in the combustion process of the biomass. However,there is only one in the coal. The ignition temperature and time of the coal can be reduced ,the temperature range of the entire combustion can be extended,the coal can be burnout more well and the fuel combustion characteristic can be optimized by blending combustion. With the increase of biomass mixing proportion, the ignition temperature of mixing samples was decreased more obviously. Moreover,when the biomass particle size becomes R200,compared with R90 particle size under the same blending ratio,its ignition temperature is more lower.
A Principal Component Analysis of Main Factors Influencing Seed Germination of Bioenergy Grass
Authors: Shan Dan , Liu Yan Ping , Xing En De , Gao Peng Cheng
Published: September 2013

Biomass energy is considered to be an ideal renewable alternative energy and herbaceous energy plants as an important biomass resources became research hot spot all over the world. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is international recognized as the most suitable bioenergy plant for the past few years. In order to obtain the basic data about seed germination characteristics on switchgrass as a bioenergy grass, different temperatures are investigated to select reliability indexes on seed germination of two species switchgrass from eight measurement indexes and then analyzed main factors influencing seed vigor by a principal component analysis. The result showed that co-efficiency of germination (CG), germination index (GI) and Peak value (PV) from eight germination indexes can be used as measurement indexes for detect seed germination of two species switchgrass.
TG-FTIR Analysis of Three Crop Straws Pyrolysis
Authors: Ji Deng Xiang , Cui Li , Ai Ning , Sheng Jia Feng , Gao Ming Hui , Yu Feng Wen , Ji Jian Bing
Published: September 2013

The influence of heating rate on pyrolysis characteristic and the products evolution performance of sorghum straw, maize straw and cotton straw had been investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), and distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was employed to calculate the kinetic parameters. The results show that with the increasing heating rate, the initial pyrolysis temperature and the maximum weight loss temperature shift to high temperature zone, the maximum weight loss rate increases, and the pyrolysis peak of hemicellulose starts to appear. The pyrolysis characteristic parameters of three crop straws were different because of their physical, chemical characteristics and structure characteristics. The activation energy E of sorghum straw, maize straw and cotton straw is 150~223kJ/mol, 141~217kJ/mol and 155~242kJ/mol, while the corresponding pre-exponent factor distributes between 1013and 1019s-1, between 1013and 1017s-1, and between 1014and 1020s-1,respectively. The main pyrolysis products of three crop straws are H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, formic acid and phenol. The research provides certain theoretical reference for energy regeneration utilization of straw biomass.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Glucose-Based and Fructose-Based Carbohydrates
Authors: Cui Fang Ming , Zhang Xiao Yuan , Shang Li Min
Published: September 2013

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to study the pyrolysis characteristics of four glucose-based and three fructose-based carbohydrates. Kinetic parameters were calculated based on the experiment data. The results indicated that the starting and maximal pyrolysis temperatures of the glucose-based carbohydrates were increased steadily as the rising of their degree of polymerization (DP). The fructose-based carbohydrates exhibited similar pyrolysis behaviors as the glucose-based carbohydrates, but the difference was smaller. Kinetic calculations revealed that the activation energy values of the glucose-based carbohydrates were higher than those of the fructose-based carbohydrates, indicating the glucose-based carbohydrates were more difficult to decompose than the fructose-based carbohydrates.
Research on Testing Method of PV Inverter Flicker Based on IEC Standards
Authors: Huang Jing Sheng , Dong Wei
Published: September 2013

The PV system generation changes with insolation rapidly and randomly ,and the change of power-flow increase the flicker severity in grid. The IEC standards 61400-21 provides recommended test method for wind turbines. In this paper, a model including virtual grid and flickermeter is developed. The testing and simulation procedure for PV inverter is proposed and finally, the test result is demonstrated.
The Strategy Research for Doubly-Fed Wind Power Generator Active-Reactive Hybrid Additional Damping Control
Authors: Wei Wei , Ding Li Jie , Liu Ying , Li Gan
Published: September 2013

Based on the traditional single power control of the doubly-fed wind generator, this paper proposes an active/reactive power hybrid control method of the doubly-fed wind generator, which associates the operation characteristics of the doubly-fed wind generator with the operating conditions of the power grid. This proposed method incorporates the power variation in the system transmission channel into the calculation of the wind generator power output, and employs the additional control function of the wind generator to increase system damping and restrain system power oscillation. At the same time, the proposed method controls the wind generator to capture the maximum wind power when it is operating at a variable speed with a constant frequency. Moreover, because the proposed method decouples the control of active and reactive power, the converter capacity can be reduced. Simulations in a 9-generator 13-bus system and results indicate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Analysis of the Wind Power Industry in China Based on the Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: Chang Hao , Liu Ji Cheng , Li Cun Bin , Yang Ya Juan , Li Ye
Published: September 2013

As one of the important renewable energy for relieving of the human energy crisis, the exploitation and utilization of wind energy, and the encouragement of wind power industry help to realize the development of low-carbon economy in China. In the past few years, the wind power industry has achieved rapid development which faces a lot of opportunities as well as many challenges in china. Using SWOT analysis method, this paper indicates the advantages and disadvantages, and analyzes the opportunities and challenges. This study not only helps to understand the status of the industry, but also provides valuable information to promote the future development of the wind power industry in China.
Small Signal Stability Analysis of Wind Turbine for Shaft Torsional Vibration Studies
Authors: Feng Jun Qi , Xie Da , Jia Yu Jian , Wang Rui Lin
Published: September 2013

One critical task in wind turbine shaft torsional vibration study involves the modelling of wind turbine and power grid. Focus on the mechanical rotational system of wind turbine, this paper provides three-mass shaft model upon which one wind turbine to infinite bus model can be developed. The model based on small signal stability analysis is used to study the wind turbine shaft torsional vibration. For this reason, this paper concentrates on the union model of stall wind turbine and power grid. The small-signal stability model includes the mechanical system and electrical system. Each of the component-blocks of the wind turbine and power grid is modelled separately so that one can easily expand and modify the model to suit their needs. Then, this is followed by one case study to explain how the small-signal stability model can be used to study wind turbine shaft torsional vibration issues.
Unit Commitment Considering Wind Power and Electrochemical Energy Storage System
Authors: Cai Zhi , Men De Yue , Dong Wei , Dai Sai , Cui Hui , Zhang Xiao Tian
Published: September 2013

With the rapid development of wind power, electric grid faces significant challenges from the variable nature and anti-peak-regulation characteristic of wind power. In order to mitigate the impact of wind power, large capacity electrochemical energy storage is proposed to solve this problem. This study establishes a unit commitment (UC) model with large capacity electrochemical energy storage given the specific characteristics. Meanwhile, wind forecast deviation and curtailment are considered. Case studies with modified IEEE 39-bus system are employed to validate the proposed method. The impact of electrochemical energy storage system on economics, peak load shifting and accommodating wind power is analyzed.
Security Constrained Dispatch Based on Wind Power Concentrated Access
Authors: Cai Zhi , Zhao Hong Tu , Men De Yue , Zeng Li Li , Xu Dan , Fan Zheng , Jin Xue Zhu
Published: September 2013

Due to wind resources distribution characteristics and current situation of power grid, wind power is mainly large-scaled and centralized developed in China. In order to meet the security requirements of power system under this circumstance, a real-time security constrained dispatch method considering the impact of wind power uncertainty on N-1 line contingency safety is proposed. Key N-1 line contingency security constraints are identified by sensitivity analysis and added into dispatching model. Robust optimization approach is employed to solve this optimal problem. Simulation results of the IEEE-30 nodes power system validated the rationality and feasibility of the proposed method.
Wudalianchi Geothermal Research
Authors: Lu Shao Chun
Published: September 2013

This paper pioneers the existence of the shallow ground heat source in the earth's crust in Wudalianchi by an analysis and comparison of various geothermal indications and elements occurring in the Wudalianchi. The paper identifies the geothermal reservoir, caprock, and heat conduction pathway as a result of the analysis of magma existing in the crust and analyzes the cold seeps and local geothermal anomaly genesis. The analysis ends with the conclusions of the Wudalianchi geothermal.
Thermo-Economics Diagnosis for Large Steam Turbine Sections in Power Plants
Authors: Shi Yong Feng , Chang Hao , Wang Bao Yu , Xu Jian Qun , Zhou Ke Yi
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a method based on the thermo-economics structure theories and the prospect diagnosis will apply in the 630MW power plants. To make use of thermodynamic simulation establish system of the thermo-economics produce model. The thermo-economic model and the exergy cost model for the plant based on the Fuel-Product concept have been defined to quantify the productive interaction between different devices. The paper analyses the 3VWO and 4VWO conditions and the effects of the operating parameters on the exergy cost of each component have been studied. The results showed that the Structure Theory is a powerful and effective tool, which can make up the insufficiencies of the conventional thermodynamic methods and can be used for the cost-effective operation analysis and optimization in thermal power plants and other complex energy system.
Development and Engineering Design of Technology for Utilization of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Cold Energy in Ice-Making
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xu Wen Dong , Teng Yun Long , An Cheng Ming
Published: September 2013

A process of using LNG cold energy for ice-making was proposed, the process consisted of three parts: LNG vaporization system, the refrigerant circulation system and ice-making system. And LNG cold energy was delivered to ice-maker by refrigerant. Through design and optimization, the optimum temperature was confirmed in the ice-making process, the benefit of power saving was calculated, and the efficiency of energy utilization was analyzed by exergy analysis method. The research results showed that the average ice quantity was 1.59t/h with vaporization amount of 1000kg/h LNG. Taking ethylene glycol aqueous solution as refrigerant, when its temperature changed from-15°C to-6°C, the energy efficiency was higher with 18°C temperature difference. And the benefit of electricity saving was 112 kW and the efficiency of cold exergy was 5.52%. The process can be designed into skid-mounted, which can flexibly operate between different LNG vaporization stations.
Advanced Adaptive Vibration Controller for Active Magnetic Bearing with Application to Energy Storage Flywheel
Authors: Du Xiao Qiang , Song Yong Duan , Wang Lei , Wang Yan Hui , Zan Bao Liang
Published: September 2013

This work introduced a kind of advanced adaptive control approach applied in Active magnetic bearing (AMB) to suppress the rotors vibrations in Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS). The bearings system was built as a five degree-of-freedom (DOF) system and the four radial DOF among these were adopted AMB. Based on the Lyapunov theory, the proposed adaptive control law was designed to compensate various disturbance factors by controlling the AMBs. Finally, the simulation result illustrates that the proposed adaptive control law is effective to reduce the rotors vibration and improve the systems stability.
Research of Temperature and Humidity Independent Control Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Wang Zi Biao , Zhang Xiao Ying
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the working principle, relevant equipments and characteristics of temperature and humidity independent control (THIC) air-conditioning system were presented. And authors summarized the application status, design conditions and application conditions of THIC air-conditioning system. Through the research of the system application at home and abroad, authors pointed out the engineering limitations and the way to improve and popularize the technology application.
Experimental Study on Pumping and Recharging of Groundwater-Source Heat Pump System in Fuzhou Basin
Authors: Su Chuan Yang , Chen Gang , Zhang Qing
Published: September 2013

Groundwater-source heat pump is a new kind of energy conservation and environmental protection air conditioning technology, which is playing a significant role in the development and utilization of the shallow geothermal energy.This paper takes Fuzhou basin as the research object, analyses its regional hydrogeological characteristics, finding Min River terrace and plains are the suitable areas to carry out the tests. On the basis of pumping and recharging experiments, the paper works out the recharging ability, the suitable pumping and recharging wells quantitative proportion of Fuzhou basin main aquifers and the well spacing design parameters between pumping and recharging wells, which provides some scientific evidences for the development of shallow geothermal energy and for the rational application of groundwater-source heat pump technology.
A New Drying Room Heated by Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas
Authors: Hu Yong Wen
Published: September 2013

To recycle the waste heat in the exhaust gas of marine diesel engine, a new drying room heated by marine diesel engine exhaust gas is introduced. The drying room`s structure, working principle and the main design parameters calculating methods is designed. Comparing to the traditional heating methods, this kind of drying room make full use of the heat energy and will acquire huge economic benefits.
Process Research and Analysis on Potential Development of a Novel Air Separation Process Cooled by LNG Cold Energy
Authors: Xu Wen Dong , Duan Jiao , Mao Wen Jun
Published: September 2013

In order to address the problems of the current air separation process such as the complex process, large equipment, cumbersome operation and high operating costs, a novel air separation process cooled by LNG cold energy was proposed in this paper, which is based on high-efficiency heat exchanger network and chemical packing separation technology. Utilization of high-efficiency heat exchanger network widened the operating temperature range of LNG cold energy from-140°C~ -70°C to-160°C~10°C and air separation pressure was also reduced from 0.5MPa to about 0.35MPa due to the chemical packing separation technology, thereby greatly improved the energy efficiency. An air separation process was designed with gasification scale of LNG at 3000m3/h, which could produce air separation product of 4.7t/h. Energy conservation reached 3228.9kWh, which meant the annual benefit was up to 23.248 million Yuan. With characteristics of miniature, skid-mounted and open-stop feature, the process can realize the full utilization of LNG cold energy in LNG satellite station in remote areas.
Analysis and Control of Once-Through Boiler-Turbine Unit
Authors: Huang Wei Jian , Wu Yu Zhong , Kan Wei Min , Zhang Xi
Published: September 2013

A nonlinear once-through coal-fired boiler-turbine unit model is introduced and analyzed for the purpose of control system design. Firstly, input-output variable pairing configurations for this 3×3 system are obtained based on static relative gain array and row-Gershgorin band analysis using its linearization model at 100% load. A decentralized PI control system is then deployed and tuned to explore its control system performance as the basis of further study. Results show that the decentralized control structure has good setpoint tracking performance, while the disturbances between loops are still notable due to non-diagonal dominance, thus control strategy of decoupling or disturbance rejection is necessary.
Interactive Diagram Modeling of Current Differential Protection Based on IEC61850
Authors: Song Lin , Gao Liang , Chen Jian Jie , Hao Yong Jing
Published: September 2013

Introducing substation to substation communication interface, tunneling communication and gateway communication described in IEC61850-90-1. For current differential protection, by adopting the idea of object-oriented modeling, dividing functions into logical nodes, gives the protection logic node model, shows the function of logic nodes and the realization of function based on the protection principle; Using Unified Modeling Language (UML) technology of collaboration diagram and sequence diagram, describes the protection logic node interaction and communication process from the messaging level and time level, providing reference to the design and development of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED).
Research on Generator Excitation Parameter Identification - PSS Low-Pass Link Parameter Identification
Authors: Xu Tao , Shao Tian Long , Zhang Dong Fang
Published: September 2013

Combined with the contents of the study-PSS low-pass link parameter identification. Least-squares method is selected. Using least-square method for PSS low-pass link mathematical model are also deduced. For the results, because of the mathematical model is solving nonlinear equations, cannot used by the Newton method directly. So we choose to use Newton iterations, with this feature, choose to use MATLAB software to solve the equation. Identification of the use of MATLAB software lags after the PSS parameters obtained recognition results compared with national standards, identifying and verifying the practicability.
Reliability Evaluation of Thermal Power Units Operation Based on Grey Fuzzy Theory
Authors: Guo Zi Xue , Liu Nan Nan , Lu Xin
Published: September 2013

The thermal power units operational reliability is the fundamental guarantee of smooth operation of electricity system. According to the problem of thermal power units operational reliability evaluation, a comprehensive evaluation method is put forward based on grey fuzzy theory. Firstly, this paper establishes an evaluation index system by the analysis of factors affecting the reliability of thermal power units. And then a reliability evaluation model of thermal power units operation is built based on grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation which combined with the grey cluster theory and the fuzzy algorithm. At last, the numerical example is shown to verify the feasibility of the grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
The Coordination and Optimization Study of PSS Parameters of Multiple Generators
Authors: Wei Wei , Ding Li Jie , Liu Ying , Shi Hua Bo
Published: September 2013

For the parameter coordination and optimization of PSS in a multi-machine power system, this paper proposes a new method based on the Phillips-Heffron model to search the optimal install locations of PSS, which employs the sensitivity of the system eigenvalue to the PSS gain as the indicator of its install location, i.e. the larger this sensitivity is, the more the system damping can be improved effectively when the PSS is installed at the corresponding generator. Moreover, based on the block matrix theory and the Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm, the proposed method optimizes the parameters of multiple PSS, where the unknown parameters of each PSS is incorporated into the system state equations and solved by the Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm. Such a method takes the interaction among multiple PSS into account, so that the parameters of multiple PSS can be optimally coordinated. The proposed method is applied to the Sichuan Power Grid under different operating modes, and engineering practices shows that the proposed method is effective and robust.
Research on Anti-Islanding Technology for Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Based on the Positive Power Feedback
Authors: Hui Jing , Jin Yan Hua , Xie Wei
Published: September 2013

The standards of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system and the cause of islanding in formation are introduced at first, and then common passive and active detecting islanding methods are discussed in this paper. Considering the shortcomings of traditional methods, such as failing to detect islanding, larger non-detection zone and poor quality of output power of the inverter, etc., a novel detecting method which is called as positive power feedback disturbance is proposed, so as to overcome these problems. The proposed method has the characteristics of no non-detection zone, little influence on power quality and rapid respond. Finally, according to professional standards of IEEE Std. 2000-929 and UL1471, the simulation as well as the experiment of the proposed method was carried out. The results of simulation and experiment showed the good expressions from the novel method.
Study on Identification Method of GIS Insulation Defects Based on ARMA
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Ning Zi Sen , Chen Guang , Yi Bo
Published: September 2013

GIS is an important part in power system. The operating status of GIS is closely related to the operation of stability and security for grid. For existing problems in GIS insulation defects of mainstream identification method, a new identification method of GIS insulation defects based on ARMA is put forward in this paper. The paper proposes a method of multi-cycle time-domain average data preprocessing, a construction method of identifying reference data, a diagnosis method of regarding the coefficient of a certain order ARMA model as comparative quantity. At the same time, the author of the paper conduct a test on new identification method using laboratory devices, and confirms data validation of new identification method. The result suggests that the new identification method is effective and reliable.
Study the Effect of Radio Interference of the EHV Transmission Line on GNSS Signals
Authors: Jia Zhi Ge , Nie Zhao Sheng , Wang Wei , Guan Xiao , Wang Di Jin
Published: September 2013

This work describes the field testing process of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver under 220KV, 500KV UHV transmission line and standard calibration field. Analysis for GNSS data results shows that the radio interference generated by EHV transmission lines have no effect on GNSS receiver internal noise levels and valid GNSS observation rate. Within 50 meters of the EHV transmission lines, the multi-path effects (mp1 and mp2 value) significantly exceeded the normal range and becomes larger with the increase of the voltage .outside 50 meters of the EHV transmission line, the multi-path effects have almost no effect on the high-precision GNSS observations.
New Methodology of On-Line Monitoring for High Voltage Overhead Transmission Line Icing
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Zhou En Ze , Chen Hua Gui , Zhao Xin
Published: September 2013

In recent years,transmission lines icing leads to failure and accidents,such as large area ice flashover, fittings damaged, line dancing, pole (tower) failure, lines breakage even large-scale power outage, causing serious threat to grid. Nowadays, icing monitoring system mainly relies on detecting the meteorological parameters and the changes of dynamic characteristics for early warning, but the methodologies need additional equipment for data collection. In order to ensure the security and reliability of the grid, a safe, effective and economical methodology of monitoring transmission lines icing has great significance. The project proposed a Transmission Line Icing monitoring principle and algorithm, the method based only on the voltage and current from both ends of transmission lines can be generated dynamically monitoring criterion line icing. According to the criterion maximum, line icing center area, extent and severity can be recognized. The criterion of the method is used as a mathematical scanner, swept from one end of the line to the other end, comprehensive judgments are made on the basis of comprehensive criteria for integrated maximum value, thus the method has a high diagnostic accuracy and reliability. The methodology proposed in this paper is different from the current monitoring methodology; additional hardware devices are not required, and the methodology is simple and practical, has strong operability and enormous economic benefits, adapting to the requirements of the development of the smart grid.
Study on Methodology Detecting Turn-to-Turn Short Circuit of Transformer
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Zhao Xin , Chen Guang , Zhou En Ze
Published: September 2013

A novel method for detecting turn-to-turn short circuit is proposed in this paper. This detection makes the transient voltage and current applied in the transformer port as the information source. The transformer model is structured according to its low-frequency characteristics. By comparison the extreme value of the criterion function proposed in this paper, the transformer turn-to-turn short circuit fault can be detected. Based on good results in the simulation, the methodology is proved effective and practical.
Research on Diagnosis Method of GIS Insulation Defects Based on Polynomial Fitting
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Zhang Zong Cheng , Chen Guang , Wang Dai Juan
Published: September 2013

GIS is currently widely used in the power system and is the Developing Trends of Electrical appliances manufacturing. At present, a lot of research on GIS PD, but the study of the recognition of the PD severity is less. By analyzing a large number of partial discharge sample data, a new GIS PD severity diagnostic method is proposed in this paper. Partial discharge is divided into three stages (initial stage, development stage and dangerous stage) in the method according to the severity of the partial discharge. These three stages are fitted with non-linear mapping and get the fitting parameters. GIS partial discharge fault reference database can be dynamically generated with these fitting parameters. The similarity between the detected data and the reference data is discriminated with the least square method and Supplier division method, and then the GIS PD severity can be diagnosed. A large number of simulation results initially confirmed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Study of Remote Monitoring and Diagnostic System for Transformers Based on Multi-Agent Techniques
Authors: Liu Ming Jun , Huang Zhi Hua , Yang Ben Xing
Published: September 2013

The development direction of transformer monitoring and diagnosis is remote and intelligent. But the existing systems have the following problems: lack of diagnostic knowledge and methods, poor flexibility etc. To solve these problems, the architecture of a remote monitoring and diagnostic system for transformers based on multi-agent techniques is presented. On the basis of ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD), core earth current and dissolved gas analysis (DGA), the hierarchical decomposition model is established. The tasks, functions and structure involved in the collaboration agents are defined. Then, the fusion strategy from multi-experts conclusions is proposed based on diagnostic confidence and weights. In final, the system implementation is described. Some functions of the system have been put into service and worked well.
Experiment of Transient Electric Shock under HVDC Transmission Lines
Authors: Wang Xiao Bo , Lu Tie Bing , Zhen Yong Zan , Xiang Yu
Published: September 2013

With the HVDC transmission projects developing rapidly, the relevent electromagnetic environment problems are widely concerned, of which the transient electric caused by the conductor electrification in ionized field may seriously influences the feelings of people. To invesigate the tansient electric shock procedure, the transient current is measured in the experiment. The simulation results agrees well with the measured values and the validity of the simulation model is verified. The simulation results show that the resistance in the discharging circuit can reduce the current evidently. It is also found that the metal objects under the HVDC lines should be grouded to avoid discharging when touched by the people.
Electromagnetic - Electromechanical Transient Hybrid Simulation of Deyang-Baoji HVDC System Based on ADPSS
Authors: Tang Fan , Su Guo Liang , Li Dong Xiang , Wang Yu Hong
Published: September 2013

three kinds of digital programs used in power system simulation are summarized in this paper. The electromagnetic and electromechanical transient simulation software ADPSS is introduced. Electromagnetic transient simulation, electromechanical transient simulation and electromagnetic-electromechanical transient hybrid simulation are performed respectively on Deyang-Baoji ±500KV HVDC system. The simulation result shows that the electromagnetic-electromechanical transient hybrid simulation has the advantage of electromagnetic transient simulation and electromechanical transient simulation. It can effectively analyze the process of the local electromagnetic transient in large-scale grid. The simulation speed is fast and the result is accurate and reliable.
Test Research on the Suppressing Radio Interference of DC Transmission Lines by Ferrite Cores
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhao Zhi Bin , Liu Yang , Liu Lei , Wang Fang
Published: September 2013

Radio interference (RI) of DC transmission lines due to the corona discharge has become a restraining factor of power grids design and operation, so the suppression of RI is very important. In this paper, a new idea for suppressing RI by mounting ferrite cores on the conductor is proposed. By measuring and comparing RI values of the test stranded wire with and without ferrite cores, test results show this approach to suppress RI is effective. Further research results also show inhibitory effects at negative voltage are better than positive voltage and the material of ferrite cores affects the inhibition effects.
Research and Design of the PLC-Based Control System for Thermal Power Plant Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Liu Huo Jun
Published: September 2013

According to the characteristics of Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD), this paper brings forward the automatic control requirements and the control methods. The automatic control system is composed of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and an industrial control computer (PC). The automatic control system can monitor the operating parameters of FGD system automatically and conduct automatic control and adjustment to FGD system. The PLC is responsible for the data collection and automatic control, while the PC is responsible for the surveillance of FGD system operation and the data processing through mutual communications between PC and PLC, which realizes the communication between human and machine and ensures the safe, stable and economic operation of the FGD system.
Research on Reliability Test Technology of Overload Relay
Authors: Zhao Jing Ying , Yao Fang , Ji Ming , Ma Xiao Long , Wu Fang
Published: September 2013

The reliability test of the overload relay is an important way to find out weak parts and improve the reliability of products. So reliability test technology is of great significance. The reliability test method of overload relay is studied on. By use of reliability tester, the reliability test for the typical productsJRS1D-25 is carried out. According to the test result, the reliability analysis is developed from two aspects of product structure and material characteristics. The failure reasons of the overload relay are found out and the improvement measures are put forward.
Overview of the Development and Utilization Research of Forest Plant Life Energy
Authors: Xu Heng Qin , Ma Cheng Lin
Published: September 2013

Through the discussion of the domestication to the livestock and poultry, the author finds out that it is necessary for daily life of people to use the animal life energy and plant life energy. The using of life energy is a big motivation to the human civilization. Through the discussion of the new situation that low-carbon is facing with, the author advocates that it is crucial to research the low-carbon plant life energy, such as measuring the germinative power of seedling, the power that makes the diameter of trees change, and the power generated by the changes in temperature and humidity of woods, which can play a role in promoting the use of life energy.
An Analysis of Carbon Footprint of Beijing Based on Input-Output Model
Authors: Wang Zhe , Li Yu , Li Ze Hong , Yuan Liang , Zheng Ji
Published: September 2013

Climate change caused by increasing carbon emission is harmful to global environment and human society. Developing low-carbon economy through reasonable industries planning and effective utilization of resources is a significant path to achieve the aim of energy saving and carbon emission reduction. The word carbon footprint means carbon emission caused by a certain industry, activity, product or individual, and the issue of carbon emission should be linked with economic activity to analyze, while input-output model is a reliable method to contact two factors. Based on input-output model, this paper calculated direct or indirect carbon emission which is demanded for the products of final consumption in Beijing, and analyzed carbon footprint of each industrial sector in 2005, 2007 and 2010 by operating Leontief matrix. The result demonstrates annual carbon emission of Beijing increased from 10482.68×104ton to 17407.28×104ton during 2000-2011. Manufacturing industry, excavating industry, transportation and postal industry exert supreme impact on carbon emission in Beijing. Carbon footprint of transportation and postal industry and other tertiary industries such as information, business, service, education, science researching industries in 2010 had an obvious rise compare with the data of 2005 and 2007.
Urbanization Process and its Effects on Carbon Emissions - A Case Study of Beijing City
Authors: Yuan Liang , Li Yu , Li Ze Hong , Wang Zhe , Zheng Ji
Published: September 2013

This paper analyzed the stationary, multiple regression relationship and Granger relationship between the urbanization process including urban population, GDP, investment in fixed assets, area of completed residential building land and mileage of public transit vehicles, and its effects on carbon emissions in Beijing from 1980 to 2011. Based on the circumstances of economic growth and carbon emissions in 2011, the results show that carbon emissions will increase by 138.577 thousand tons for each additional 100 thousand urban population, 8.719 thousand tons for each additional 1 billion Yuan investment in fixed assets, and 9.693 thousand tons for each additional 100 thousand square meters completed residential building land. GDP in constant-price of 1978 increases by every 1 billion Yuan, carbon emissions will reduce 137.203 thousand tons. Mileage of public transit vehicles does not have linear regression relationship with carbon emissions. Urban population and area of completed residential building land are the granger cause of carbon emissions. According to the above conclusions, this paper puts forward the relevant policy recommendations to reduce carbon emissions.
Simulation on Wind Characteristics in Extremely High Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Northwest China
Authors: Ma Min Jin
Published: September 2013

Extremely high atmospheric boundary layer is observed during 29 May to 3 June 2000 over Dunhuang in Northwest China. Average height of the atmospheric boundary layer is more than 3500m during the observation. Environmental conditions such as wind related to the extremely high atmospheric boundary layer are analysed combined with numerical simulation. Of the first three days in the observation there are low-level jets and large wind shear near surface observed on 29 and 31 May. Wind speed variation in these three days agrees well with variation of the atmospheric boundary layer heights. WRF model is applied to simulate atmospheric boundary layer height and investigate wind characteristics. The model simulation ability is checked and the simulation results find a significant west jet exists over northern Dunhuang. The momentum from the jet transfers downward to Dunhuang to supply kinetic energy developing atmospheric boundary layer. At last two sensitive experiments are performed to study wind effect on the height. The sensitive experiments demonstrate that wind as a lateral boundary parameter heavily influences the atmospheric boundary layer development.
The Thinking of Carbon Emissions Reduction Path under the Current Conditions of our Country - Based on the Comparison and Analysis of Carbon Trading and Carbon Tax
Authors: Guo De Xin , Xu Qun
Published: September 2013

In the 21st century, with the increasingly serious global climate problems, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieve the global transition to a low-carbon economy, has gradually become the consensus of all countries in the world. And our country as the largest developing country and also is highly depend on fossil fuels, how to give attention to both promote the economic development, to meet people's growing material and cultural needs and protect the environment comprehensive energy conservation and emissions reduction between the internal conflict, is the problem which our country must seriously face and solve. This article will introduce the carbon trading and carbon tax and combined with the current China's national condition analysis the path choice of implementation of carbon emission reduction work in China.
The Observation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Mahasarakham University (Khamriang Campus)
Authors: Chaimoon Nida
Published: September 2013

Rainwater harvesting from roof is considered as valuable water resources. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) of water in Mahasarakham University (Khamriang Campus) shows that rainwater harvesting from roof can reduce water supply production by 7% and save more than 200,000 Bt/year for water treatment cost. The sensitivity analysis suggests that by 5% water supply conservation and 20% additional rainwater harvesting, MSU could have enough water resources. The rainwater is suitable to be substituted water for gardening due to the convenience to assemble an above ground storage tank or a pond to store harvested rainwater from roof. The current practice of rainwater is collected and discharged into drainage system and treated in wastewater treatment plant. Utilisation of rainwater harvested could reduce wastewater amount that must be treated by 9%. Rainwater harvesting and reuse should be promoted in campus in order to encourage sustainable living and water conservation policy.
The Fosfomycin Degradation by Hydrolysis Acidification-Biological Contact Oxidation and Microbial Community Analysis
Authors: Zeng Ping , Xie Xiao Lin , Song Yong Hiu , Zhu Chao Wei , Li Wen Ming , Lesage Nicolas
Published: September 2013

The lab scale biological fosfomycin degradation by hydrolysis acidification-contact oxidation combined process was studied. And the microbial communities in hydrolysis acidification-contact oxidation combined process were analyzed. The results showed that the organic phosphorus was well degraded by hydrolysis acidification-contact oxidation combined process when organic phosphorus concentration in the influent was lower than 10 mg/l. The combined process could endure the loading with the influent organic phosphorus concentration between 10-20 mg/l. The community analysis showed that most of the phosphorus removal bacteria and antibiotics resistance bacteria were discovered in contact oxidation.
The Hydraulic Characteristics of Inner Loop Biological Fluidized Bed Set Ring-Type Baffle
Authors: Chen Zhan Xiu , Men Juan
Published: September 2013

The flow field of the traditional inner loop biological fluidized bed reactor (ILBFBR) and a new biological fluidized bed reactor set ring-type baffle was calculated by computational fluid dynamics. The results show that the gas holdup of drop zone in ILBFBR set the ring-type baffle can increase significantly, the flow rate of drop zone in ILBFBR with the ring-type baffle is faster than that in traditional ILBFBR, and turbulence intensity distributed more evenly all in rising zone and drop zone in ILBFBR set the ring-type baffle than that in traditional ILBFBR, but static pressure difference of ILBFBR set ring-type baffle is higher than that of the traditional ILBFBR.
The General Process of Medical Waste High Temperature Steam Sterilization Treatment Technology
Authors: Bao Zhen Bo , Jin Deng Chao , Teng Hong Jun , Li Yang
Published: September 2013

Medical waste high temperature steam sterilization is a non-incineration sterilization technology. Basing on discussion the principle of medical waste steam sterilization technology, the device composition and treatment process of medical waste steam sterilization were analyzed; the advantages and disadvantages of medical waste steam sterilization technology were compared. At last, the prospects of medical waste high temperature steam sterilization were proposed.
Preparation of Sorbent Tube Certified Reference Materials
Authors: Zhou Ze Yi , Ma Shu Li
Published: September 2013

Sorbent tubes, which are packed with active carbon and Tenax-TA, used to sample the non-polar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air, are widely accepted for its simple method, high repeatability and stability. In this paper we reported a method to prepare the standard sorbent tubes loaded with VOCs components, which is based on ISO 6145. The standard VOCs mixture gasses are generated by a dynamic volumetric diffusion or permeation method and a mass flow control pump sample system. Experiments indicate that the standard sorbent tubes have a good repeatability, linearity and stability, which are expected being used as certified reference materials in China.
Study on Treatment of Uranium-Containing Wastewater with the TBP Emulsion Liquid Membrane
Authors: Xu Jing Jing , Hou Yan Qiao , Yu Yang
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this experiment was to discuss a composition and preparation method of TBP emulsion liquid membrane, and the conditions of treatment to uranium-containing wastewater. It could continuous countercurrent treatment for 10 L of wastewater.
The Research Progress of Comprehensive Utilization of Crop Straw
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Ying Wang , Ma Bo Lin , Xue Qing Lin
Published: September 2013

The paper summarizes comprehensive utilization of crop straw methods, analyzes the existing problems and puts forward the countermeasures and prospect.
Key Technologies for Ecological Treatment on Livestock Feeding Residue
Authors: Gao Cheng Da , Wang Hong Li , Wang Shun Li , Liu Ke Feng
Published: September 2013

A rapid development of intensive livestock and poultry, results in a large number of Aquaculture wastes, it is increasing important that timely consumptive farming wastes, and reduces environmental pollution on protection ecological environment and improving recycling agriculture. In this study, cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens and ducks five categories manure were as material, and it carried out that microbial agents used in compost, equipment, process and control software, and especially passivation of heavy metal residues in manure, degradation technology of estrogen and antibiotics of pollutants. As final, two kind products such as a high—quality organic fertilizer and gardening products, were produced with a better benefits on economic, ecological and social.
Determination of Phthalate Esters in the Children's Products Using Ultrasonic Extraction and Gas Chromatography
Authors: Liang Zhi Hui , Luo Qun , Fan Hong Bo , Lv Si Hao , Zeng Yan Yan
Published: September 2013

A method for the detection of PAEs (16 kinds ) in the childrens products using ultrasonic extraction and gas chromatography were investigated in this study. The method was linear between 0.500 and 10.000 μg ml-1, R2 between 0.995 and 0.999, LOQ between 0.704 and 1.585 μg ml-1. The method repeatability was between 1.2% and 13% RSD. The experiment results showed that the children's products samples containing different kinds of PAEs. DIBP and DCHP were frequency found in all sample. The PAEs concentration of the childrens products sample was between 0.019 and 6.301 μg ml-1.
Effectiveness and Mechanism of the In Situ Formed Iron Hydroxide (FeOxHy) towards the Removal of Phosphate by Coagulation and Adsorption
Authors: Sun Li Hua , Qi Xiao Lu , Zhang Ya Jun
Published: September 2013

This study prepares the in situ formed iron hydroxide (In situ FeOxHy) by the interactions between Fe3+ and OH- at different molar ratios of 1:0,1:1,1:2,and 1:3, and investigates the performance and mechanism involved in the removal of phosphate. The removal efficiency increases with elevated doses of FeOxHy and the maximum removal is observed to be in neutral pH ranges. The elevated ratios of OH- to Fe3+ inhibit the removal of phosphate whereas at low alkalinity,the introduction of OH- shows beneficial effects. The abovementioned four kinds of FeOxHy can rapidly adsorb most phosphate within 15 s, and the adsorption process can be well described by the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Freundlich model can well describe the adsorption of phosphorus onto these four FeOxHy. The adsorption of phosphate significantly decreases the zeta potential of these in situ FeOxHy. The MINITEQ software can indicate the species distribution of phosphate and iron salts, and the theoretical calculation indicates that the introduced OH- can promote the hydrolysis of Fe3+ especially in low alkalinity system,which can easily adsorb H2PO4- and HPO42- and form the multinuclear hydroxy iron phosphate complexes thereafter.