bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of the C-Reactive Protein (CRP)-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) Index as a Prognostic Indicator for Patients With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Nakashima Keigo , Haruki Koichiro , Kamada Teppei , Takahashi Junji , Tsunematsu Masashi , Ohdaira Hironori , Furukawa Kenei , Suzuki Yutaka , Ikegami Toru
Published: April 2024

Background

The C-reactive protein (CRP)-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a novel immune nutrition scoring system associated with cancer prognosis. This study investigated the association between the CALLY index and the long-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer.

Methods

We included 175 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomies at the Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital between January 2011 and October 2019. The CALLY index was calculated based on the levels of serum albumin, serum CRP, and peripheral lymphocyte count. Utilizing both univariate and multivariate analyses, the prognostic value of the CALLY index was investigated.

Results

In the multivariate analyses, disease stage (hazard ratio [HR], 7.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.31-18.6; P < .01), microvascular invasion (HR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.30-6.36; P < .01), and low CALLY index (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.00-4.76; P = .05) were independent and significant predictors of disease-free survival. Low body mass index (HR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.63-10.6; P < .01), advanced disease stage (HR, 8.22; 95% CI, 3.47-19.5; P < .01), and low CALLY index (HR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.3-6.93; P = .01) were independent and significant predictors of overall survival. The low CALLY index group had a lower body mass index ( P < .01), advanced disease stage ( P < .01), and a higher Glasgow prognostic score ( P < .01).

Conclusions

The CALLY index may be associated with a poor prognosis for gastric cancer, highlighting the utility of a comprehensive assessment using inflammatory, nutritional, and immunological statuses.
The Association Between Adolescents’ Perceived Negative Treatment by Teachers and Peers on School Victimization
Authors: Ngo Fawn T. , Warren Patricia Y. , Stewart Eric A. , Walker Emily
Published: April 2024

Drawing data from the National Education Longitudinal Study, we examine whether adolescents’ perceived teacher and peer negative treatment (being put down by teachers in the classroom and being perceived as a troublemaker by peers) increase the risk of school-based crime (property and personal victimization). We also investigate whether negative teacher and peer treatment conditions the effects of race (African American) and ethnicity (Latino) on property and personal victimization. We found teacher negative treatment was significantly related to property and personal victimization even after controlling for other relevant factors. Moreover, teacher negative treatment affected property victimization among African American students while peer negative treatment had an impact on personal victimization among White students. The implications of our findings are discussed.
“It’s Not Like I Wanted Him Kicked Off the Football Team”: Alternative Approaches to Justice and Campus Sexual Assault
Authors: Ratajczak Kathleen , Wingert Anne C.
Published: April 2024

Current Title IX policy focuses strictly on adjudication and punishment for sexual assault on college campuses. Yet, the possibility of alternative forms of justice has long been a point of debate, with recent policy changes allowing for university choice in the application of transformative and restorative justice practices. The following study, using qualitative interviews with 23 student survivors from two universities, finds that student survivors of campus sexual assault were not focused on punishment as a remedy for their victimization. Instead, students discussed a desire to be heard, have their victimization recognized, and the creation of survivor-centered resources focused on healing and resiliency. Opportunities for alternative forms of justice that increase healing and help seeking among student survivors are discussed.
Support Groups Versus Primary Mental Healthcare on Disability and Continuity of Care: Community Trial [Support Groups for Recovery]
Authors: Agudelo-Hernández Felipe , Giraldo Alvarez Ana , Rojas-Andrade Rodrigo
Published: April 2024

Based on the need to implement strategies to reduce recovery gaps in mental health with the community as axes of recovery, the objective of the present study was to assess the impact on psychosocial disability and care continuity in individuals with suicidal behavior, of the clinical and community components of the Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP), versus exclusive psychiatric care. For this, a controlled community trial carried out in 2023 was conducted, comprising intervention groups: Support Group (SG), mhGAP Group (mhGAPG) and a Control Group (CG). Self-report measurements were collected pretest and posttest, utilizing the Psychosocial Disability Scale and the Alberta Continuity of Care Scale. The study involved the participation of 94 individuals with a history of suicidal behavior, with 30 individuals in the SG, 34 in the mhGAP group, and 30 in the CG. Categorical variables were summarized using frequency distribution tables. Descriptive statistics were used to examine participants’ characteristics at the study outcome and estimate treatment compliance. The Mann–Whitney U Test examined differences in sociodemographic variable frequencies. The Jarque-Bera test confirmed a normal distribution for psychological variables, warranting the use of parametric tests. Differences in mean values across groups, each with two measurements per individual, were assessed using a type II repeated measures ANOVA. There were significant differences based on the intervention, with the effect being greater in the SG across all domains. Significant improvement was observed in all domains of the disability and continuity of care scale within the intervention groups. Both groups showed improvement, with better results for the SG. In conclusion, a methodology is proposed for implementing support groups based on core components, which effectively enhances psychosocial disability and the continuity of mental health care, especially in suicidal behavior.
Which Type of Vocabulary-Knowledge Better Correlates with Reading-Comprehension, Meaning-Recognition or Meaning-Recall?
Authors: Komiya Chihiro , McLean Stuart
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the relationships between two types of vocabulary tests and second language reading-comprehension (RC) in a classroom assessment setting. A group of 40 learners completed a written-receptive meaning-recall measure of the Updated Vocabulary Levels Test (UVLT) and the written-receptive meaning-recognition UVLT. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between scores from the two tests and The TEST of English for International Communication Reading scores. The results showed that the relationship between the meaning-recall and RC ( r =0 .85, p <0 .001) was higher than between the meaning-recognition and RC ( r =0 .78, p <0 .001) with a significant difference (Steiger's z = 3.06, p =0 .002). This suggests that meaning-recall knowledge is a better predictor of RC.
The Hierarchical Configurations of Policy Networks: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Urban Transport
Authors: Krogstad Julie Runde , Trondal Jarle
Published: April 2024

This study sheds light on a commonly overlooked aspect in network literature: the potential for hierarchized behavior within networks. Providing a longitudinal case study of decision-making behavior in urban transport policy networks, the study also adds to calls for longitudinal studies in the field of public administration. By analyzing documents and interviews, the study reveals the gradual shift towards hierarchical decision-making within networked structures. Furthermore, it highlights how organizational variables shape networked behavior over time, both facilitating and constraining hierarchized behavior. Consequently, this article suggests that hierarchized and collaborative dynamics co-exist and co-evolve within policy networks.
Percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute complicated versus uncomplicated cholecystitis; is there a difference in outcomes? A single-center experience
Authors: Ali Tariq , Al-Thaher Ahmad , Chan Karen Man Yan , Al-Alwani Zahra , Moussa Amr , Tan Kelvin
Published: April 2024

Background

Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is a therapeutic intervention for acute cholecystitis. The benefits of cholecystostomy have been demonstrated in the medical literature, with up to 90% of acute cholecystitis cases shown to resolve postoperatively, and only 40% of patients subsequently undergoing an interval cholecystectomy.

Purpose

To compare the survival outcomes between acute complicated and uncomplicated cholecystitis in patients undergoing PC as an initial intervention, as there is a paucity of evidence in the literature on this perspective.

Material and Methods

A retrospective search was conducted of all patients who underwent PC for acute cholecystitis between August 2016 and December 2020 at a tertiary institution. A total of 100 patients were included in this study.

Results

The outcome, in the form of 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, being alive after six months, and reintervention, was compared between complicated and uncomplicated cases using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the compared outcomes. The only variable that showed a statistically significant association with the risk of mortality was acute kidney injury (AKI) at admission. Patients who had stage 1, 2, or 3 AKI had a higher hazard for mortality as compared to patients with no kidney disease.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that PC is a safe and effective procedure. Mortality is not affected by the presence of complications. The results have, however, highlighted the importance of recognizing and treating AKI, an independent risk factor affecting mortality.
Finite element and experimental analysis of surface integrity and surface roughness of precision machining SiCp/Al
Authors: Chen Shuang , Lu Mingming , Lin Jieqiong , Liu Qiang , Du Yongsheng , Zhao Shixin
Published: April 2024

The silicon carbide particle-reinforced matrix composites, or SiCp/Al, have excellent mechanical qualities, but producing them is quite difficult since the SiC particles’ and the Al matrix’s properties differ greatly from one another. During the cutting process, the Ra local oscillation phenomena takes place; that is, surface roughness seems to grow, decrease, and then increase as the cutting depth increases within a particular cutting depth range while maintaining the same cutting speed and feed. To find out why this behavior occurred, a cutting experiment and a simulation analysis of SiCp/Al composites were performed. Tests were conducted to find out how varied cutting depths affected surface roughness, and a finite element model for two-dimensional cutting was created. Based on the data, it can be concluded that Ra’s local oscillation phenomena is responsible for the surface quality at various cutting speeds. At 100 mm/s, 200 mm/s, 300 mm/s, and 400 mm/s, respectively, the mutation’s surface quality improved by 29.6%, 14.3%, 19.6%, and 30.7% prior to the cutting depth. The analysis is justified by the fact that the depth of cut is increasing, the way in which particles are removed has changed and the percentage of scratches appears to be decreasing. As aluminium is a plastic material, plastic deformation occurs during cutting by the sub-cutting edge of the extrusion, coating the machined surfaces and producing fine cracks rather than plough furrows. In a sense, increasing the cutting thickness results in larger chips, more force on the particles in the cutting path and easier removal. At the same time, it reduces the width of the chip in future cuts, improving the surface quality of the process.
Anti-Black Medical Gaslighting in Healthcare: Experiences of Black Women in Canada
Authors: Boakye Priscilla N. , Prendergast Nadia , Bailey Annette , Sharon McCleod , Bandari Bahareh , Odutayo Awura-ama , Anane Brown Eugenia
Published: April 2024

Background

Stereotype about Black people contribute to nurses and healthcare providers gaslighting and dismissing of their health concerns. Despite the popularity of the term medical gaslighting in mainstream literature, few studies have explored the experiences of Black women during pregnancy and childbirth.

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an in-depth insight into Black women's experiences of anti-Black medical gaslighting when accessing care during pregnancy and childbirth.

Methods

Utilizing qualitative methods, we conducted 24 semi-structured interviews with Black women in the Greater Toronto Area. We used thematic analysis to ground the data analysis and to generate insight into Black women's experiences.

Results

Three overarching themes: 1) Not Being Understood: Privileging of Medical Knowledge Contributing to the Downplaying of Health Concerns, 2) Not Being Believed: Stereotypes Contributing to Dismissive Healthcare Encounters and 3) Listen to Us: Turning off the Cycle of Medical Gaslighting. These themes highlight ways anti-Black medical gaslighting manifests in Black women's healthcare encounters to create differential access to treatment and care.

Conclusions

Anti-Black medical gaslighting contributes to differential access to treatment and care. Improving equitable access to treatment and care must involve addressing structural and epistemic biases in healthcare and fostering a culture of listening to humanize the experience of illness.
Meniscal repair with additive manufacture of bioresorbable polymer: From physicochemical characterization to implantation of 3D printed poly (L-co-D, L lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) with autologous stem cells in rabbits
Authors: Komatsu Daniel , Cabrera Andrea Rodrigues Esposito , Quevedo Bruna Vanessa , Asami Jessica , Cristina Motta Adriana , de Moraes Stephen Christina , Duarte Marcia Adriana Tomaz , Hausen Moema de Alencar , Aparecida de Rezende Duek Eliana
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) structures are actually the state-of-the-art technique to create porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Since regeneration in cartilage tissue is limited due to intrinsic cellular properties this study aims to develop and characterize three-dimensional porous scaffolds of poly (L-co-D, L lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate), PLDLA-TMC, obtained by 3D fiber deposition technique. The PLDLA-TMC terpolymer scaffolds (70:30), were obtained and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, compression mechanical testing and study on in vitro degradation, which showed its amorphous characteristics, cylindrical geometry, and interconnected pores. The in vitro degradation study showed significant loss of mechanical properties compatible with a decrease in molar mass, accompanied by changes in morphology. The histocompatibility association of mesenchymal stem cells from rabbit’s bone marrow, and PLDLA-TMC scaffolds, were evaluated in the meniscus regeneration, proving the potential of cell culture at in vivo tissue regeneration. Nine New Zealand rabbits underwent total medial meniscectomy, yielding three treatments: implantation of the seeded PLDLA-TMC scaffold, implantation of the unseeded PLDLA-TMC and negative control (defect without any implant). After 24 weeks, the results revealed the presence of fibrocartilage in the animals treated with polymer. However, the regeneration obtained with the seeded PLDLA-TMC scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells had become intimal to mature fibrocartilaginous tissue of normal meniscus both macroscopically and histologically. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the PLDLA-TMC scaffold in meniscus regeneration and the potential of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering, without the use of growth factors. It is concluded that bioresorbable polymers represent a promising alternative for tissue regeneration.
Impact of Outpatient Beta Blocker Therapy Adjustment on Tachyarrhythmias in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Admitted for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Bok Ryan W. , Lacoste Jordan L. , Fang Wei , Kido Kazuhiko
Published: April 2024

Background: Limited data exists to evaluate the optimal management of outpatient beta blocker therapy when patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are admitted for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of holding or decreasing the dose of outpatient beta blocker therapy vs continuation of therapy on rates of tachyarrhythmias during admission for ADHF. Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study divided patients with HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 40%) admitted for ADHF into two cohorts: one that had their outpatient beta blocker continued at the same dose upon admission and one that had it held or dose decreased. The primary outcome was a composite of non-sustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or atrial fibrillation or flutter with rapid ventricular response during the hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included the individual tachyarrhythmias in the primary outcome, in-hospital mortality, and 90-day re-admission for heart failure. Results: Of the 137 patients included, 82 were in the continuation cohort and 55 in the discontinuation/reduction cohort. The median length of stay was 5.3 days (interquartile range, 3.8-7.6). No significant difference in the primary composite outcome was found between the discontinuation/reduction and continuation cohorts (29.1% vs 22.0%; relative risk [95% confidence interval], 1.33 [.74-2.37]; P = .420). No significant differences were seen between the two cohorts for any of the secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Beta blocker therapy adjustment on admission for ADHF may not affect the occurrence of tachyarrhythmias in patients with HFrEF.
Unusual presentation of PD-1 inhibitors in people living with HIV with advanced gastric cancer: Case report
Authors: Gao Zhidi , XU Guangyong , Wang Su , Guo Na , YU Yang , Wang Xiaoni
Published: April 2024

This paper seeks to determine the effect of combination anti-PD-1 and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on people living with HIV (PLWH) with advanced gastric cancer. In our case, a PLWH with recurrent locally advanced gastric cancer was treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitor and ART. A significant reduction in tumor lesions (as demonstrated by contrast-enhanced CT imaging) and a better quality of life were achieved following treatment. There have been limited studies on the treatment of PLWH with advanced gastric cancer. Chemotherapy is most often used, however, with unsatisfactory outcomes. to date, there have been no published reports on the use of PD-1 inhibitors in PLWH with advanced gastric cancer. Our report provides a valuable reference for future management of such patients.
Mitigating boundary pollution: Evidence from China's environmental protection inspection centers
Authors: Guo Lin , Chai Yulin , Wang Mengxue , Zhang Jin , Luo Sheng
Published: April 2024

The efficacy of a vertical environmental protection system in managing transboundary pollution has not been extensively explored. Through a quasi-natural experiment facilitated by China's six environmental protection inspection centers (EPICs), this study assesses their impact on boundary pollution intensity and compares it with their effect on non-boundary pollution intensity. The findings demonstrate that the institution of EPICs significantly mitigates the intensity of boundary pollution, with a more pronounced reduction effect compared to non-boundary areas. Analysis of mechanisms reveals that both boundary and non-boundary enterprises achieve a reduction in pollution intensity through the enlargement of production capacities, enhancement of investments in pollution control, and a decrease in total pollution emissions. Given that boundary enterprises exhibit a greater magnitude in reducing total pollution emissions, the resultant effect on pollution intensity reduction is more significant among these entities. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of EPICs on reducing pollution intensity is more substantial among samples with minimal political connections, elevated political incentives, and within heavily polluting industries, with boundary enterprises experiencing a more pronounced influence. This article unveils that strengthening coordination between central and local authorities, alongside fostering corporate actual investment in environmental protection, serves as pivotal mechanisms, offering innovative strategies for global environmental governance and advancing both the practice and theory of sustainable development.
Loss of autonomy, legitimization of violence, transgression of intimacy, and fear of abuse: A thematic analysis of stories of gynecological violence and its consequences
Authors: Cárdenas-Castro Manuel , Salinero-Rates Stella
Published: April 2024

Previous research indicates the presence of deeply ingrained gender biases within the health system, resulting in instances of mistreatment and violence against women and sexual dissidents. This study aimed to explore the stories of people assigned female at birth about their experiences of gynecological violence in Chile. Twenty-one women were recruited as participants, and semistructured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis of the transcribed dialogs was performed, and four themes were developed: legitimization of violence, objectivation and loss of autonomy, transgression of intimacy and fear of abuse, and consequences of violence over time. This article sheds light on the impact and aftermath of gynecological violence among those seeking gynecological services, highlighting the convergence of cultural, institutional, and interpersonal factors that perpetuate this issue.
Subchronic inhalation of a novel electronic nicotine delivery system formulation and its corresponding base formulation
Authors: Lalonde Guy , Tsolakos Nikos , Moir-Savitz Tessa R , Easley Alex M , Gaworski Charles L , Oldham Michael J
Published: April 2024

Background

Fresh Menthol 3% Nicotine (FM3) is a novel JUUL e-liquid formulation. Its potential toxicity and that of the corresponding base formulation relative to a filtered air (FA) control was studied in a subchronic inhalation study conducted in general accordance with OECD 413.

Methods

Aerosols generated with an intense puffing regime were administered to rats in a nose-only fashion at 1400 µg aerosol collected mass/L on a 6 hour/day basis for 90 days with a 42-day recovery. Exposure atmospheres met target criteria. Systemic exposure was confirmed by plasma measurement of nicotine.

Results

No test article-related mortality, clinical signs (other than reversible lower body weight gains in males), clinical pathology or gross findings were noted during this study. No microscopic lesions related to base formulation exposure were identified. Minimal microscopic lesions were observed in the FM3 6-hour exposure group. Microscopic lesions observed in the FM3 6-hour exposure group comprised only minimal laryngeal squamous metaplasia in one male and one female animal. No microscopic lesions related to FM3 exposure remained after the recovery period.

Conclusion

Exposure atmosphere characterization indicated that conditions were achieved to permit thorough assessment of test articles and results indicate a low order of toxicity for the FM3 Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) formulation and its base formulation.
Influence of Increased Online Information on Consumption Patterns during COVID-19: Case of Priority Medical Devices
Authors: Ghosh Gargi , Koul Surabhi
Published: April 2024

The study investigates the unusual purchase behaviour of priority medical devices, observed during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The study proposes a structural model connecting online information consumption to this unusual purchase. The study also investigates the mediation of perceived severity and information overload, along with testing the direct influence of self-efficacy. To test the proposed model, 205 respondents from India participated in an online survey, and analysis was carried out using PLS-SEM. We found a strong link between online information consumption and unusual purchase behaviour. Perceived severity mediated the relationship between online information consumption and unusual purchase behaviour. Also, the direct relation between self-efficacy on unusual purchase behaviour was significant. The results confirm that increased online information consumption led to unusual purchase behaviour of priority medical devices used for the care and management of COVID-19.
Relationship between Socially Sustainable Supply Chains and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A Perspective from the Indian Auto Ancillary Industry
Authors: Srivastava Ashutosh , Vyas Vidhisha , Gurtu Amulya
Published: April 2024

This article aims to understand the level of awareness about the United Nations sustainable development goals among supply chain leaders. Further, it explores how organizations’ social sustainability policies can help achieve sustainable development goals. The multi-stage process involves a structured survey of supply chain management leaders from the auto ancillary industry of the National Capital Region of India, and data were analyzed using econometric tools for meaningful insights. The significant findings from the study highlight that there is a considerable lack of awareness among supply chain leaders about the sustainable development goals defined by the United Nations. However, supply chain leaders make policies that influence social sustainability positively; they do not link it with sustainable development goals. The study reveals that leaders were unanimous on improving and adopting socially sustainable measures for creating efficient supply chains. This is one of the first studies that investigated the relationships between sustainable supply chain management and sustainable development goals laid down by the United Nations.
Digital Mental Health: Role of Artificial  Intelligence in Psychotherapy
Authors: Bhatt Sandhya
Published: April 2024

Background: It is estimated that 6%–7% of the population suffers from mental disorders. WHO reported that one in four families is likely to have at least one member with a behavioural or mental disorder. Post-pandemic, the world has experienced a huge surge in mental health issues. Unfortunately, not everyone is able to access the available mental health services due to constraints such as lack of financial assistance, living in remote areas, fear of being stigmatised and lack of awareness. The emergence of online mental health services could solve some of these problems, as these are easily accessible to people from anywhere, are cost effective and also reduce the fear of being judged or labelled. Lots of efforts are being made today to integrate artificial intelligence with the traditional form of psychotherapy. The role of chatbots for mental health services in the form of e-therapies has been found to be highly relevant and important. Summary: The present study aims to systematically review the evidence on the use of AI-based methods for treating mental health issues. Overall, 95 studies were extracted using some of the popular databases such as Mendeley, PubM, INFO and DOAJ. The terms used in the search included ‘psychotherapy’, ‘online therapies’, ‘artificial intelligence’ and ‘online counselling’. Finally, after screening, 13 studies were selected based on the eligibility criteria. Most of these studies had employed conversational agents as an intervention. The results obtained showed the significant positive consequences of using AI-based approaches in treating mental health issues. Key Message: The study strongly suggests integrating AI with the traditional form of counselling.
Extended interval dosing with ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Novak Frederik , Bajwa Hamza Mahmood , Østergaard Kamilla , Berg Jonas Munksgaard , Madsen Jonna Skov , Olsen Dorte Aalund , Urbonaviciute Inga , Illes Zsolt , Stilund Morten Leif , Romme Christensen Jeppe , Bramow Stephan , Sellebjerg Finn , Sejbaek Tobias
Published: April 2024

Background:

This study investigates clinical and biomarker differences between standard interval dosing (SID) and extended interval dosing (EID) of ocrelizumab therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

This is a prospective, double-arm, open-label, multi-center study in Denmark. Participants diagnosed with MS on ocrelizumab therapy >12 months were included ( n = 184). Clinical, radiological, and blood-based biomarker outcomes were evaluated. MRI disease activity, relapses, worsening of neurostatus, and No Evidence of Disease Activity-3 (NEDA-3) were used as a combined endpoint.

Results:

Out of 184 participants, 107 participants received EID (58.2%), whereas 77 participants received SID (41.8%). The average extension was 9 weeks with a maximum of 78 weeks. When comparing EID to SID, we found higher levels of B-cells, lower serum concentrations of ocrelizumab, and similar levels of age-adjusted NFL and GFAP in the two groups. No difference in NEDA-3 between EID and SID was demonstrated (hazard ratio: 1.174, p = 0.69). Higher levels of NFL were identified in participants with disease activity. Body mass index correlated with levels of ocrelizumab and B-cells.

Conclusion:

Extending one treatment interval of ocrelizumab on average 9 weeks and up to 78 weeks did not result in clinical, radiological, or biomarker evidence of worsening compared with SID.
Affecting photos: Photographs as shared, affective ethnographic spaces
Authors: Rowsell Jennifer
Published: April 2024

Scholars point to the ubiquity of visual images in media and popular culture as driving striking developments in visual research over the past decade. Yet, with this popularity, there is less attention paid to affective, non-representational dimensions of visual images and specifically to the ways that photos animate and inform ethnographic fieldwork. The felt, sensory qualities photographs hold play a role in not only what gets documented, but also what photos produce as shared, felt objects that circulate during fieldwork. This article redresses a gap in qualitative research literature on the affective, embodied co-experiencing of visual methods that happens during fieldwork by spotlighting a research study on family photographs. In the article, I begin by defining affect, then I profile extant non-representational, affect-driven visual methods and discuss how matter invites affect, and then I spotlight a larger research study I was involved in on visualising the modern Canadian family. In the article, I offer insights that emerged from photo-sharing interviews which produced what I call in the article, affective figured worlds. Built on Holland's concept of ‘figured worlds’ coupled with Ahmed's notion of ‘sticky objects’, the article explores the notion of affective figured worlds to attune researchers to more of the non-representational methods in play during visual research.
Carotid Artery Aneurysm-Induced Mediastinal Hematoma Leading to Airway Compression—A Rare Complication of Internal Jugular Vein Puncture
Authors: Xiao Linlin , Chen Xiaoying , Zhang Dan
Published: April 2024

Carotid artery puncture is a common complication of internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization. However, there are few reports about an aneurysm from the carotid artery that can develop into an occult mediastinal hematoma, leading to airway compression. In this case study, we present the case of a 71-year-old male who experienced an aneurysm and delayed mediastinal hematoma, ultimately resulting in airway compression after right jugular line insertion. Our findings highlight the importance of not only addressing local hematoma formation at the puncture site promptly, but also recognizing the potential for aneurysm extension into the mediastinum and the formation of an occult hematoma, which can lead to airway compression. Additionally, we provide a summary of landmark technique precautions that can help reduce the occurrence of such severe complications.
An all-position type control strategy of the haptic interactive virtual training system based on cable-driven
Authors: Xue Feng , Zhang Lixun , Wang Zhenhan , Fan Yuhe , Song Da , Li Lailu
Published: April 2024

The virtual microgravity training system based on cable drive usually uses a force-position hybrid control strategy which has following problems: the force control method is sensitive to load disturbances, variable stiffness characteristics of cables reduce the control accuracy of PID controllers, and the expected tension fluctuations are large. These will affect the control accuracy, and further affect the tactile sensation and training effectiveness of astronauts. For the above problems, an all-position type control strategy is proposed to improve the system control accuracy. This strategy uses a compliant control method. In this method, elastic elements are connected in cables, the conversion model of tension and displacement is established, and the tension control is realized by the displacement control which has characteristics of high control accuracy and strong resistance to load disturbance. The PID controller is replaced by the active disturbance rejection controller. In this controller, the tracking differentiator is used to reduce high frequency noises of the input signal, and the extended state observer is used to estimate and compensate the error caused by the change of the cable stiffness. A tension distribution method is designed to make expected cable tensions approach the average tension to reduce the tension fluctuation. The experimental results show that compared with the force-position hybrid control strategy, the all-position type control strategy reduces the tension error and speed error by about 51% and 33% respectively.
Sustainable practices in hand therapy: a global perspective
Authors: Farzad Maryam , Naqui Zaf , MacDermid Joy , Cuypers Steven
Published: April 2024

Given its significant environmental footprint, healthcare sustainability is paramount. This study delves into the contributory role of hand therapy, assessing hand therapists’ comprehension, implementation and barriers to sustainable practices, focusing on orthotic fabrication. A global survey distributed via social media and professional networks collected data on sustainability awareness, practices and educational needs from 113 respondents, primarily from North America (34%) and Europe (32%). Although 91% recognized climate change, only 34% practised sustainability. Despite 57% attempting eco-friendly actions in orthotic fabrication, such as reusing components (65%), knowledge of reusable materials was low (17%) and recycling thermoplastics was inadequate (74.3%). The main barriers were lack of awareness (59%), material scarcity (56.6%) and time constraints (54%). The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced education, better resource availability and policy reforms to close the gap between awareness and action, promoting sustainability in hand therapy.
Headlines, Pictures, Likes: Attention to Social Media Newsfeed Post Elements on Smartphones and in Public
Authors: Mayer Anna-Theresa , Ohme Jakob , Maslowska Ewa , Segijn Claire M.
Published: April 2024

Scrolling through a social media newsfeed has become almost ubiquitous. Yet, it remains unknown what specific post elements people pay attention to and whether this varies depending on how they access social media newsfeeds. In an eye-tracking experiment among university students ( N = 201), we compare user attention to specific post elements like source, title, or picture, in a dynamic Facebook newsfeed by device (desktop vs. mobile) and smartphone usage environment (private vs. public). Significant attentional differences occur at the level of the newsfeed post elements. Users pay less attention to visual information on the mobile newsfeed and more attention to textual post elements in a public setting.
The Model of Worker’s Quality of Life During Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Digital Literacy, Covid-19-Related Workplace Policy, Quality Culture, and Safety Culture
Authors: Widyanty Winda , Oktasari Dian Primanita , Santoso Sugeng , Sumaedi Sik , Yarmen Medi , Bakti I Gede Mahatma Yuda , Fahlevi Mochammad , Aljuaid Mohammed , Saniuk Sebastian
Published: April 2024

The quality of life (QoL) of workers during the Covid-19 pandemic is an important issue that must be considered. Unfortunately, research related to the QoL of workers during the Covid-19 pandemic for the non-health sector is still very limited. Moreover, no one has comprehensively investigated QoL involving not only the perceived threat of Covid-19, Covid-19-related workplace policy, and job insecurity but also digital literacy, perceived organizational support (POS) during Covid-19, quality culture, and safety culture. Therefore, to fill the gap in the literature, this study studied QoL by involving perceived threat of Covid-19, Covid-19 related workplace policy, job insecurity, digital literacy, POS, quality culture, and safety culture. Quantitative research method was carried out in this research. Data collection was conducted through an online survey. The research respondents were 181 non-health sector workers in Indonesia. SEM-PLS was used as an analytical tool. The results showed that QoL was directly and positively affected by POS and safety culture. In addition, QoL was also indirectly affected by Covid-19-related workplace policy, quality culture and safety culture by post. However, several factors, namely the perceived threat of Covid-19, job insecurity, and digital literacy did not have a significant effect on the QoL of non-health sector workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, this research also found that quality culture did not affect Covid-19 related workplace policy and job insecurity. The perceived threat of Covid-19 was not affected by the Covid-19-related workplace policy and safety culture. Job insecurity was affected by the perceived threat of Covid-19.
The Impact of Peri-operative Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols on Outcomes Following Adult Cervical Deformity Surgery
Authors: Tretiakov Peter S. , Onafowokan Oluwatobi O. , Mir Jamshaid M. , Lorentz Nathan , Galetta Matthew , Das Ankita , Shin John , Sciubba Daniel , Krol Oscar , Joujon-Roche Rachel , Williamson Tyler , Imbo Bailey , Yee Timothy , Jankowski Pawel P. , Hockley Aaron , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Passias Peter G.
Published: April 2024

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives

To assess the impact of Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols on peri-operative course in adult cervical deformity (ACD) corrective surgery.

Methods

Patients ≥18 yrs with complete pre-(BL) and up to 2-year (2Y) radiographic and clinical outcome data were stratified by enrollment in an ERAS protocol that commenced in 2020. Differences in demographics, clinical outcomes, radiographic alignment targets, peri-operative factors and complication rates were assessed via means comparison analysis. Logistic regression analysed differences while controlling for baseline disability and deformity.

Results

We included 220 patients (average age 58.1 ± 11.9 years, 48% female). 20% were treated using the ERAS protocol (ERAS+). Disability was similar between both groups at baseline. When controlling for baseline disability and myelopathy, ERAS- patients were more likely to utilize opioids than ERAS+ (OR 1.79, 95% CI: 1.45-2.50, P = .016). Peri-operatively, ERAS+ had significantly lower operative time ( P < .021), lower EBL (583.48 vs 246.51, P < .001), and required significantly lower doses of propofol intra-operatively than ERAS- patients ( P = .020). ERAS+ patients also reported lower mean LOS overall (4.33 vs 5.84, P = .393), and were more likely to be discharged directly to home (χ2(1) = 4.974, P = .028). ERAS+ patients were less likely to require steroids after surgery ( P = .045), were less likely to develop neuromuscular complications overall ( P = .025), and less likely experience venous complications or be diagnosed with venous disease post-operatively ( P = .025).

Conclusions

Enhanced recovery after surgery programs in ACD surgery demonstrate significant benefit in terms of peri-operative outcomes for patients.
The Legacy of President Lázaro Cárdenas for Health Care Reform in Today's Mexico
Authors: Browner Carole H. , Leal Fernández Gustavo , Sánchez-Pérez Héctor Javier
Published: April 2024

Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador's historic election victory in 2018 marked a sharp break from past decades of neoliberal socioeconomic policies. López Obrador campaigned on the promise of deep reform, with health care high on his agenda. The public health care sector had been decimated by decades of budget cuts, eroding workers’ morale and patients’ confidence, and crippling all aspects of the system. This article looks back to the creation of the nation's public health care system in the early twentieth century during the administration of President Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–1940). This “universal” system was designed to implement a central social justice goal of the Mexican Revolution of health care for all. The program rested on two pillars: providing care to the nation's vast, impoverished rural population and actively engaging communities in their own health care. Our objective is to critically assess the two presidents’ health care initiatives within the distinct historical contexts of their administrations.
Long non-coding RNA SOX2OT in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Kim Eun-Ae , Kang Jieun , Chae Yee Soo , Park Ho Yong , Kang Byeongju , Lee Soo Jung , Lee In Hee , Park Ji-Young , Park Nora Jee-young , Jung Jin Hyang
Published: April 2024

Hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer can become aggressive after developing hormone-treatment resistance. This study elucidated the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SOX2OT in tamoxifen-resistant (TAMR) breast cancer and its potential interplay with the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMR breast cancer cell lines TAMR-V and TAMR-H were compared with the luminal type A cell line (MCF-7). LncRNA expression was assessed via next-generation sequencing, RNA extraction, lncRNA profiling, and quantitative RT-qPCR. SOX2OT overexpression effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using various assays. SOX2OT was consistently downregulated in TAMR cell lines and TAMR breast cancer tissue. Overexpression of SOX2OT in TAMR cells increased cell proliferation and cell invasion. However, SOX2OT overexpression did not significantly alter SOX2 levels, suggesting an independent interaction within TAMR cells. Kaplan–Meier plot analysis revealed an inverse relationship between SOX2OT expression and prognosis in luminal A and B breast cancers. Our findings highlight the potential role of SOX2OT in TAMR breast cancer progression. The downregulation of SOX2OT in TAMR breast cancer indicates its involvement in resistance mechanisms. Further studies should explore the intricate interactions between SOX2OT, SOX2, and TME in breast cancer subtypes.
Genome-based taxonomic classification of the genus Sulfitobacter along with the proposal of a new genus Parasulfitobacter gen. nov. and exploring the gene clusters associated with sulfur oxidation
Authors: Xu Xiaokun , He Mengdan , Xue Qingjie , Li Xiuzhen , Liu Ang
Published: April 2024

Background

The genus Sulfitobacter, a member of the family Roseobacteraceae, is widely distributed in the ocean and is believed to play crucial roles in the global sulfur cycle. However, gene clusters associated with sulfur oxidation in genomes of the type strains of this genus have been poorly studied. Furthermore, taxonomic errors have been identified in this genus, potentially leading to significant confusion in ecological and evolutionary interpretations in subsequent studies of the genus Sulfitobacter. This study aims to investigate the taxonomic status of this genus and explore the metabolism associated with sulfur oxidation.

Results

This study suggests that Sulfitobacter algicola does not belong to Sulfitobacter and should be reclassified into a novel genus, for which we propose the name Parasulfitobacter gen. nov., with Parasulfitobacter algicola comb. nov. as the type species. Additionally, enzymes involved in the sulfur oxidation process, such as the sulfur oxidization (Sox) system, the disulfide reductase protein family, and the sulfite dehydrogenase (SoeABC), were identified in almost all Sulfitobacter species. This finding implies that the majority of Sulfitobacter species can oxidize reduced sulfur compounds. Differences in the modular organization of sox gene clusters among Sulfitobacter species were identified, along with the presence of five genes with unknown function located in some of the sox gene clusters. Lastly, this study revealed the presence of the demethylation pathway and the cleavage pathway used by many Sulfitobacter species to degrade dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). These pathways enable these bacteria to utilize DMSP as important source of sulfur and carbon or as a defence strategy.

Conclusions

Our findings contribute to interpreting the mechanism by which Sulfitobacter species participate in the global sulfur cycle. The taxonomic rearrangement of S. algicola into the novel genus Parasulfitobacter will prevent confusion in ecological and evolutionary interpretations in future studies of the genus Sulfitobacter.
Characterization of SIPs-type aquaporins and their roles in response to environmental cues in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Miao Miao , Shi Ximiao , Zheng Xiangzi , Wu Binghua , Miao Ying
Published: April 2024

Background

Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate water diffusion across biological membranes and are involved in all phases of growth and development. Small and basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) belong to the fourth subfamily of the plant AQPs. Although SIPs are widely present in higher plants, reports on SIPs are limited. Rice is one of the major food crops in the world, and water use is an important factor affecting rice growth and development; therefore, this study aimed to provide information relevant to the function and environmental response of the rice SIP gene family.

Results

The rice (Oryza sativa L. japonica) genome encodes two SIP-like genes, OsSIP1 and OsSIP2, whose products are predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane but transient localization to the plasma membrane is not excluded. Heterologous expression in a yeast aquaglyceroporin-mutant fps1Δ showed that both OsSIP1 and OsSIP2 made the cell more sensitive to KCl, sorbitol and H2O2, indicating facilitated permeation of water and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the yeast cells expressing OsSIP2 were unable to efflux the toxic methylamine taken up by the endogenous MEP permeases, but OsSIP1 showed subtle permeability to methylamine, suggesting that OsSIP1 may have a wider conducting pore than OsSIP2. Expression profiling in different rice tissues or organs revealed that OsSIP1 was expressed in all tissues tested, whereas OsSIP2 was preferentially expressed in anthers and weakly expressed in other tissues. Consistent with this, histochemical staining of tissues expressing the promoter-β-glucuronidase fusion genes revealed their tissue-specific expression profile. In rice seedlings, both OsSIPs were upregulated to varied levels under different stress conditions, including osmotic shock, high salinity, unfavorable temperature, redox challenge and pathogen attack, as well as by hormonal treatments such as GA, ABA, MeJA, SA. However, a reduced expression of both OsSIPs was observed under dehydration treatment.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that SIP-like aquaporins are not restricted to the ER membrane and are likely to be involved in unique membrane functions in substrate transport, growth and development, and environmental response.