bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increase in heterogeneity of biceps brachii activation during isometric submaximal fatiguing contractions: a multichannel surface EMG study
Authors: Staudenmann Didier , van Dieën Jaap H. , Stegeman Dick F. , Enoka Roger M.
Published: December 2013

The effects of fatigue emerge from the beginning of sustained submaximal contractions, as shown by an increase in the amplitude of the surface electromyogram (EMG). The increase in EMG amplitude is attributed to an augmentation of the excitatory drive to the motor neuron pool that, more importantly than increasing discharge rates, recruits additional motor units for the contraction. The aim of this study was to determine whether the spatiotemporal distribution of biceps brachii (BB) activity becomes more or less heterogeneous during a fatiguing isometric contraction sustained at a submaximal target force. Multiple electrodes were attached over the entire BB muscle, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the representative information from multiple monopolar EMG channels. The development of heterogeneity during the fatiguing contraction was quantified by applying a cluster algorithm on the PCA-processed EMG amplitudes. As shown previously, the overall EMG amplitude increased during the sustained contraction, whereas there was no change in coactivation of triceps brachii. However, EMG amplitude did not increase in all channels and even decreased in some. The change in spatial distribution of muscle activity varied across subjects. As found in other studies, the spatial distribution of EMG activity changed during the sustained contraction, but the grouping and size of the clusters did not change. This study showed for the first time that muscle activation became more heterogeneous during a sustained contraction, presumably due to a decrease in the strength of common inputs with the recruitment of additional motor units.
BDNF-endocannabinoid interactions at neocortical inhibitory synapses require phospholipase C signaling
Authors: Zhao Liangfang , Levine Eric S.
Published: December 2013

Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) and neurotrophins, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are potent synaptic modulators that are expressed throughout the forebrain and play critical roles in many behavioral processes. Although the effects of BDNF at excitatory synapses have been well characterized, the mechanisms of action of BDNF at inhibitory synapses are not well understood. Previously we have found that BDNF suppresses presynaptic GABA release in layer 2/3 of the neocortex via postsynaptic tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (trkB) receptor-induced release of endocannabinoids. To examine the intracellular signaling pathways that underlie this effect, we used pharmacological approaches and whole cell patch-clamp techniques in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of somatosensory cortex in brain slices from juvenile Swiss CD1 mice. Our results indicated that phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) is involved in the CB1 receptor-mediated synaptic effect of BDNF, because the BDNF effect was blocked in the presence of the broad-spectrum PLC inhibitors U-73122 and edelfosine, whereas the inactive analog U-73343 did not alter the suppressive effect of BDNF at inhibitory synapses. Endocannabinoid release can also be triggered by metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-mediated activation of PLCβ, and BDNF has been shown to enhance spontaneous glutamate release. An mGluR antagonist, E4CPG, however, did not block the BDNF effect. In addition, the effect of BDNF was independent of other signaling pathways downstream of trkB receptor activation, namely, mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways, as well as protein kinase C signaling.
Primary auditory cortical responses to electrical stimulation of the thalamus
Authors: Atencio Craig A. , Shih Jonathan Y. , Schreiner Christoph E. , Cheung Steven W.
Published: December 2013

Cochlear implant electrical stimulation of the auditory system to rehabilitate deafness has been remarkably successful. Its deployment requires both an intact auditory nerve and a suitably patent cochlear lumen. When disease renders prerequisite conditions impassable, such as in neurofibromatosis type II and cochlear obliterans, alternative treatment targets are considered. Electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus and midbrain in humans has delivered encouraging clinical outcomes, buttressing the promise of central auditory prostheses to mitigate deafness in those who are not candidates for cochlear implantation. In this study we explored another possible implant target: the auditory thalamus. In anesthetized cats, we first presented pure tones to determine frequency preferences of thalamic and cortical sites. We then electrically stimulated tonotopically organized thalamic sites while recording from primary auditory cortical sites using a multichannel recording probe. Cathode-leading biphasic thalamic stimulation thresholds that evoked cortical responses were much lower than published accounts of cochlear and midbrain stimulation. Cortical activation dynamic ranges were similar to those reported for cochlear stimulation, but they were narrower than those found through midbrain stimulation. Our results imply that thalamic stimulation can activate auditory cortex at low electrical current levels and suggest an auditory thalamic implant may be a viable central auditory prosthesis.
Wiretap Channel with Action-Dependent States and Rate-Limited Feedback
Authors: Yin Xinxing , Chen Xiao , Xue Zhi
Published: December 2013

We introduce the wiretap channel with action-dependent states and rate-limited feedback. In the new model, the state sequence is dependent on the action sequence which is selected according to the message, and a secure rate-limited feedback link is shared between the transmitter and the receiver. We obtain the capacity-equivocation region and secrecy capacity of such a channel both for the case where the channel inputs depend noncausally on the state sequence and the case where they are restricted to causal dependence. We construct the capacity-achieving coding schemes utilizing Wyner's random binning, Gel'fand and Pinsker’s coding technique, and rate splitting. Furthermore, we compare our results with the existing approaches without feedback, with noiseless feedback, and without action-dependent states. The simulation results show that the secrecy capacity of our model is bigger than that of the first two existed approaches. Besides, it is also shown that, by taking actions to affect the channel states, we guarantee the data integrity of the message transmitted in the two-stage communication systems although the tolerable overhead of transmission time is brought.
Noninvasive Method for a Statewide Survey of Eastern HellbendersCryptobranchus alleganiensisUsing Environmental DNA
Authors: Santas Amy J. , Persaud Tyler , Wolfe Barbara A. , Bauman Jenise M.
Published: December 2013

Traditional survey methods of aquatic organisms may be difficult, lengthy, and destructive to the habitat. Some methods are invasive and can be harmful to the target species. The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) has proven to be effective at detecting low population density aquatic macroorganisms. This study refined the technique to support statewide surveys. Hellbender presence was identified by using hellbender specific primers (cytochrome b gene) to detect eDNA in water samples collected at rivers, streams and creeks in Ohio and Kentucky with historical accounts of the imperiled eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis). Two sampling protocols are described; both significantly reduced the amount of water required for collection from the previously described 6 L collection. Two-liter samples were adequate to detect hellbender presence in natural waterways where hellbenders have been previously surveyed in both Ohio and Kentucky—1 L samples were not reliable. DNA extracted from 3 L of water collected onto multiple filters (1 L/filter) could be combined and concentrated through ethanol precipitation, supporting amplification of hellbender DNA and dramatically reducing the filtration time. This method improves the efficiency and welfare implications of sampling methods for reclusive aquatic species of low population density for statewide surveys that involve collecting from multiple watersheds.
Kalman Filter Riccati Equation for the Prediction, Estimation, and Smoothing Error Covariance Matrices
Authors: Assimakis Nicholas , Adam Maria
Published: December 2013

The classical Riccati equation for the prediction error covariance arises in linear estimation and is derived by the discrete time Kalman filter equations. New Riccati equations for the estimation error covariance as well as for the smoothing error covariance are presented. These equations have the same structure as the classical Riccati equation. The three equations are computationally equivalent. It is pointed out that the new equations can be solved via the solution algorithms for the classical Riccati equation using other well-defined parameters instead of the original Kalman filter parameters.
A Systematic Review to Investigate Whether Angiotensin-(1-7) Is a Promising Therapeutic Target in Human Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Vincent C. H. , Lloyd Elizabeth N. , Dearden Helena C. , Wong Kenneth
Published: December 2013

Context. Heart failure (HF) is a common condition causing much morbidity and mortality despite major advances in pharmacological and device therapies. Preclinical data suggest a cardioprotective role of Angiotensin-(1-7) in animal models of HF. Objective. Perform a systematic review on the effects of Angiotensin-(1-7) on humans, focusing on HF. Results. 39 studies were included in the review (4 in human HF and (35) in non-HF patients). There is only one intervention study on 8 patients with human HF, using Angiotensin-(1-7), with forearm blood flow (FBF) as the endpoint. Angiotensin-(1-7) caused no significant effect on FBF in this HF study but caused vasodilation in 3 out of 4 non-HF studies. In one other non-HF study, Angiotensin-(1-7) infusion led to a significant increase in blood pressure in normal men; however, effects were <0.03% that of angiotensin II. Cardioprotective effects seen in non-HF studies include for instance beneficial actions against atherosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis. Conclusions. The main finding of our systematic review is that Angiotensin-(1-7) plays an important cardioprotective role in HF in animals and in patients without heart failure. More research is required to test the hypothesis that Angiotensin-(1-7) benefits patients with heart failure.
An Exploratory Study of the Elements of Successful Service Dog Partnerships in the Workplace
Authors: Glenn Margaret K.
Published: December 2013

The use of service or assistance dogs has increased over the past three decades but is still considered by many to be an emerging concept for assisting people with disabilities to navigate a number of environments. This is predominately due to the minimal research that has been done on the effect and promising practices. One area, employment, has been completely overlooked in research related to service dogs. This research project undertook an exploratory study to gather data on the elements of service dog partnerships that have been successful in the workplace. A structured methodology using mixed methods was used to gather ideas from a diverse group of stakeholders, people with service dogs, trainers, vocational rehabilitation counselors, and other healthcare professionals, to form a common framework for addressing the issue in future research and development of interventions. The results identified 68 elements that respondents perceived and rated to be important or highly important to the phenomenon. They were categorized into six clusters: (1) dog preparation, (2) monitoring, (3) employee competence, (4) legal knowledge, (5) information and education, and (6) coworker preparation. The discussion identified key points that might support the development of successful employment outcomes for people working with service dogs.
Effect of Management of Sulfonylurea Resistant Stellaria media on Barley Yield
Authors: Uusitalo Tuomas , Saarinen Asmo , Mäkelä Pirjo S. A.
Published: December 2013

Sulfonylureas represent one of the largest herbicide groups that have been widely used since 1980s. Their continuous use has resulted in development of sulfonylurea resistance in weeds. The aim of this research was to investigate options to manage putative sulfonylurea-resistant chickweed in barley stands and to evaluate the effect of chickweed and its management on barley yield. A field experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design and included 14 herbicide treatments applied at two different times. Tribenuron-methyl (sulfonylurea) affected minimal control of chickweed. A bromoxynil-ioxynil (photosystem II inhibitor) mix did not control chickweed efficiently. However, nearly total control was achieved with fluroxypyr, mecoprop, and their mixtures (synthetic auxins and photosystem II inhibitors). Chickweed had no effect on barley yield whether controlled or uncontrolled. Therefore, further evaluation of the chickweed management threshold would be needed. It seems that even in the boreal region, typified by a cold climate, limited solar radiation, a very short growing season, and relatively low-intensity cropping systems, unilateral use of sulfonylureas might lead to herbicide resistance. Although resistant weed populations can be controlled with herbicides of groups other than the sulfonylureas, this represents an increasing problem when planning weed management, especially when including sulfonylurea-resistant crops.
The Variation of Optical Band Gap for ZnO:In Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique
Authors: Tang Guomei , Liu Hua , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2013

ZnO:In films with different concentrations (0–5 at.%) are successfully synthesized on quartz substrates using sol-gel technique. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of ZnO:In films are investigated by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and UV-visible spectrophotometer. It is found that all the films with columnar structural morphology grow along the preferred [001] orientation and the incorporation of indium can improve the crystallinity of ZnO films. The transmittance of the films is about 80% in the visible range. A change of the optical absorption edge from blue shift to red shift is observed for ZnO:In films as the doping concentration increases, which means that the optical band gap first increases and then decreases. The blue shift is due to the Burstein-Moss effect. The sharp jump of the absorption edge from blue-shift to red shift is ascribe to the band gap narrowing caused by the merging of the donor and conduction bands of ZnO:In at high doping concentration.
Robust Indoor Sensor Localization Using Signatures of Received Signal Strength
Authors: Leu Yungho , Lee Chi-Chung , Chen Jyun-Yu
Published: December 2013

Indoor localization based on the received signal strength (RSS) values of the wireless sensors has recently received a lot of attention. However, due to the interference of other wireless devices and human activities, the RSS value varies significantly over different times. This hinders exact location prediction using RSS values. In this paper, we propose three methods to counter the adverse effect of the RSS value variation on location prediction. First, we propose to use an index location to select the best radio map, among several preconstructed radio maps, for online location prediction. Second, for an observed value of the signal strength of a sensor, we record, respectively, the distances from the sensor to the nearest location and the farthest location where the signal strength value has been observed. The minimal and maximal (min-max) distances for each signal strength value of a sensor are then used to reduce the search space in online location prediction. Third, a location-dependent received signal strength vector, called the RSS signature, is used to predict the location of a user. We have built a system, called the region-point system, based on the proposed three methods. The experimental results show that the region-point system offers less mean position error compared to the existing methods, namely, RADAR, TREE, and CaDet. Furthermore, the index location method correctly selects the best radio map for online location prediction, and the min-max distance method promotes the prediction accuracy of RADAR by restricting the search space of RADAR in location prediction.
A New Evapotranspiration Model Accounting for Advection and Its Validation during SMEX02
Authors: Yang Yongmin , Su Hongbo , Zhang Renhua , Wu Jianjun , Qi Jianwei
Published: December 2013

Based on the crop water stress index (CWSI) concept, a new model was proposed to account for advection to estimate evapotranspiration. Both local scale evaluation with sites observations and regional scale evaluation with a remote dataset from Landsat 7 ETM+ were carried out to assess the performance of this model. Local scale evaluation indicates that this newly developed model can effectively characterize the daily variations of evapotranspiration and the predicted results show good agreement with the site observations. For all the 6 corn sites, the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.90 and the root mean square difference (RMSD) is 58.52W/m2. For all the 6 soybean sites, theR2and RMSD are 0.85 and 49.46W/m2, respectively. Regional scale evaluation shows that the model can capture the spatial variations of evapotranspiration at the Landsat-based scale. Clear spatial patterns were observed at the Landsat-based scale and are closely related to the dominant land covers, corn and soybean. Furthermore, the surface resistance derived from instantaneous CWSI was applied to the Penman-Monteith equation to estimate daily evapotranspiration. Overall, results indicate that this newly developed model is capable of estimating reliable surface heat fluxes using remotely sensed data.
Road Transport Vehicles for Hauling Uncomminuted Forest Energy Products in Sweden
Authors: Mortazavi Reza , Johansson Jerry
Published: December 2013

Forestry residues as a renewable energy source are becoming increasingly competitive to fossil fuels. An important issue, however, is effective transportation solutions for this type of material. In this paper we describe and discuss several alternative vehicle systems which have been used in Sweden. We describe and discuss a specialized vehicle for the transportation of loose residues, bundled residues, and tree sections; a specialized stump hauling vehicle; a recently developed vehicle for the transportation of bundled residues; a container system vehicle for stump transportation. All these different machineries have their merits and shortcomings depending on the type of forest energy product.
Does Regular Exercise without Weight Loss Reduce Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents?
Authors: Kim YoonMyung , Park HaNui
Published: December 2013

Despite considerable efforts to tackle childhood obesity, it is recognized as one of the biggest health problems globally. Childhood obesity is a leading cause of many comorbid conditions such as metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance as well as type 2 diabetes. A strong body of evidence suggests that regular exercise without calorie restriction or weight loss is associated with reduced insulin resistance as well as improved insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults. However, despite the well-known benefits associated with regular exercise alone, the independent role of exercise training without calorie restriction on insulin resistance is still uncertain in youth. Some studies observed that both the aerobic and resistance type of exercise training without calorie restriction resulted in meaningful changes in insulin sensitivity, suggesting that exercise alone is an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing insulin resistance in overweight and obese youth. However, only few studies are available on the optimal dose of exercise training without calorie restriction or preferred exercise modality for reducing insulin resistance, which warrants further investigations in the pediatric population.
A Novel Continuous Extrusion Process to Fabricate Wedge-Shaped Light Guide Plates
Authors: Hsiao Wen-Tse , Lin Jui-Chang , Huang Keng-Shiang , Yang Chih-Hui , Grumezescu Alexandru Mihai , Tseng Shih-Feng , Lin Yung-Sheng
Published: December 2013

Backlight modules are key components in thin-film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD). Among the components of a backlight module, the light guide plate (LGP) plays the most important role controlling the light projected to the eyes of users. A wedge-shaped LGP, with its asymmetrical structure, is usually fabricated by an injection proces, but the fabrication time of this process is long. This study proposes a continuous extrusion process to fabricate wedge-shaped LGPs. This continuous process has advantages for mass production. Besides a T-die and rollers, this system also has an in situ monitor of the melt-bank that forms during the extrusion process, helping control the plate thickness. Results show that the melt bank has a close relationship with the plate thickness. The temperature of the bottom heater and roller was adjusted to reduce the surface deformation of the wedge-shaped plate. This continuous extrusion system can successfully manufacture wedge-shaped LGPs for mass production.
Pipe Defect Detection and Reconstruction Based on 3D Points Acquired by the Circular Structured Light Vision
Authors: Ying Wang , Cuiyun Jin , Yanhui Zhang
Published: December 2013

The inspection of pipe inside is very important so as to ensure the safety of pipe transmission. The pipe defect detection method based on inside 3D points acquired by circle structured light vision system was discussed in this paper. Based on the characteristics of 3D points inside a pipe acquired by circle structured light, a method by which pipe inner surface convex defect and pit defect were identified by the normal vector angle between adjacent points change on the same circle was proposed. A distance constraint between each pair of corresponding adjacent two points was proposed in order to recognize holes in the pipe inside. Based on Delaunay triangulation principle, the triangulation method for pipe inner surface circle structured light vision 3D points with hole and without hole was discussed and 3D reconstruction of the pipe was then realized. On the VC++ 6.0 software platform, pipe inner surface defect simulation data, hole simulation data and real 3D data were used to test the correctness of pipe defect identification method.
A Retrospective Comparison of Conventional versus Transverse Mini-Incision Technique for Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Gülşen İsmail , Ak Hakan , Evcılı Gökhan , Balbaloglu Özlem , Sösüncü Enver
Published: December 2013

Background. In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the results of two surgical techniques, conventional and transverse mini-incision.Materials and Methods. 95 patients were operated between 2011 and 2012 in Bitlis State Hospital. 50 patients were operated with conventional technique and 45 of them were operated with minimal transverse incision. Postoperative complications, incision site problems, and the time of starting to use their hands in daily activities were noted.Results. 95 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 48. 87 of them were female and 8 were male. There was no problem of incision site in both of the two surgical techniques. Only in one patient, anesthesia developed in minimal incision technique. The time of starting to use their hands in daily activities was 22,2 days and 17 days in conventional and minimal incision technique, respectively.Conclusion. Two surgical techniques did not show superiority to each other in terms of postoperative complications and incision site problems except the time of starting to use their hands in daily activities.
Comparison of Multiple Random Walks Strategies for Searching Networks
Authors: Zheng Zhongtuan , Wang Hanxing , Gao Shengguo , Wang Guoqiang
Published: December 2013

We investigate diverse random-walk strategies for searching networks, especially multiple random walks (MRW). We use random walks on weighted networks to establish various models of single random walks and take the order statistics approach to study corresponding MRW, which can be a general framework for understanding random walks on networks. Multiple preferential random walks (MPRW) and multiple simple random walks (MSRW) are two special types of MRW. As search strategies, MPRW prefers high-degree nodes while MSRW searches for low-degree nodes more efficiently. We analyze the first passage time (FPT) of wandering walkers of MRW and give the corresponding formulas of probability distributions and moments, and the mean first passage time (MFPT) is included. We show the convergence of the MFPT of the first arriving walker and find the MFPT of the last arriving walker closely related with the mean cover time. Simulations confirm analytical predictions and deepen discussions. We use a small random network to test the FPT properties from different aspects. We also explore some practical search-related issues by MRW, such as detecting unknown shortest paths and avoiding poor routings on networks. Our results are of practical significance for realizing optimal routing and performing efficient search on complex networks.
Review of Bolted Connection Monitoring
Authors: Wang Tao , Song Gangbing , Liu Shaopeng , Li Yourong , Xiao Han
Published: December 2013

This paper reviews the research of monitoring technologies for bolted structural connections. The acoustoelastic effect based method, the piezoelectric active sensing method, and the piezoelectric impedance method are the three commonly used to monitor bolted connections. The basic principle and the applications of these three methods are discussed in detail in this paper. In addition, this paper presents a comparison of these methods and discusses their suitability for in situ or real-time bolt connection monitoring.
Characterisation of Asian Snakehead Murrel Channa striata (Channidae) in Malaysia: An Insight into Molecular Data and Morphological Approach
Authors: Song Li Min , Munian Kaviarasu , Abd Rashid Zulkafli , Bhassu Subha
Published: December 2013

Conservation is imperative for the Asian snakeheads Channa striata, as the species has been overfished due to its high market demand. Using maternal markers (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI)), we discovered that evolutionary forces that drove population divergence did not show any match between the genetic and morphological divergence pattern. However, there is evidence of incomplete divergence patterns between the Borneo population and the populations from Peninsular Malaysia. This supports the claim of historical coalescence of C. striata during Pleistocene glaciations. Ecological heterogeneity caused high phenotypic variance and was not correlated with genetic variance among the populations. Spatial conservation assessments are required to manage different stock units. Results on DNA barcoding show no evidence of cryptic species in C. striata in Malaysia. The newly obtained sequences add to the database of freshwater fish DNA barcodes and in future will provide information relevant to identification of species.
Evaluating the Ameliorative Potential of Quercetin against the Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Wistar Rats
Authors: Verma Ramesh , Kushwah Lokendra , Gohel Darpesh , Patel Manish , Marvania Tulsi , Balakrishnan Suresh
Published: December 2013

The current study deals with the effect of a dietary flavanoid quercetin on fibrotic lung tissue in rats. Bleomycin was administered by single intratracheal instillation to Wistar rats to induce lung fibrosis. The pathologies associated with this included significantly reduced antioxidant capacity, ultimately leading to protracted inflammation of the lung tissue. The hallmark of this induced fibrosis condition was an excessive collagen deposition in peribronchial and perialveolar regions of the lung. Oral quercetin treatment over a period of twenty days resulted in significant reversal of the pathologies. The antioxidant defense in lung tissue was revived. Moreover, activity of the collagenase MMP-7, which was high in fibrotic tissue, was seen restored after quercetin administration. Trichome staining of lung tissue sections showed high collagen deposition in fibrotic rats, which may be a direct result of increased mobilization of collagen by MMP-7. This was appreciably reduced in quercetin treated animals. These results point towards an important protective role of quercetin against idiopathic lung fibrosis, which remains a widely prevalent yet incurable condition in the present times.
Cell Fate Factor DACH1 Represses YB-1–Mediated Oncogenic Transcription and Translation
Authors: Wu Kongming , Chen Ke , Wang Chenguang , Jiao Xuanmao , Wang Liping , Zhou Jie , Wang Jing , Li Zhiping , Addya Sankar , Sorensen Poul H. , Lisanti Michael P. , Quong Andrew , Ertel Adam , Pestell Richard G.
Published: December 2013

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhances cellular invasiveness and confers tumor cells with cancer stem cell–like characteristics, through transcriptional and translational mechanisms. The mechanisms maintaining transcriptional and translational repression of EMT and cellular invasion are poorly understood. Herein, the cell fate determination factor Dachshund (DACH1), suppressed EMT via repression of cytoplasmic translational induction of Snail by inactivating the Y box–binding protein (YB-1). In the nucleus, DACH1 antagonized YB-1–mediated oncogenic transcriptional modules governing cell invasion. DACH1 blocked YB-1–induced mammary tumor growth and EMT in mice. In basal-like breast cancer, the reduced expression of DACH1 and increased YB-1 correlated with poor metastasis-free survival. The loss of DACH1 suppression of both cytoplasmic translational and nuclear transcriptional events governing EMT and tumor invasion may contribute to poor prognosis in basal-like forms of breast cancer, a relatively aggressive disease subtype. Cancer Res; 74(3); 829–39. ©2013 AACR.
Fanconi Anemia Founder Mutation in Macedonian Patients
Authors: Madjunkova Svetlana , Kocheva Svetlana A. , Plaseska-Karanfilska Dijana
Published: December 2013

Background: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder clinically characterized by developmental abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure (BMF) and profound cancer predisposition. Approximately 65% of all affected individuals have mutation in the FANCA (Fanconi anemia complementation group A) gene. The mutation spectrum of the FANCA gene is highly heterogeneous. FA-A is usually associated with private FANCA mutations in individual families. Methods: We describe 3 unrelated patients with FA with a similar clinical presentation: BMF, renal anomalies and café-au-lait pigmentation without major skeletal abnormality. The molecular analysis of the FANCA gene using the FA MLPA kit P031-A2/P032 FANCA, showed homozygous deletion of exon 3 in all 3 patients. Molecular analysis of the flanking regions of exon 3 precisely defined unique deletion of 2,040 bp and duplication of C (1788_3828dupC). Discussion/Conclusions: These are the first 3 patients homozygous for deletion of FANCA exon 3 described to date. Although not related, the patients originated from the same Gypsy-like ethnic population. We conclude that c.190-256_283 + 1680del2040 dupC mutation in the FANCA gene is a founder mutation in Macedonian FA patients of Gypsy-like ethnic origin. Our finding has very strong implications for these patients in formulating diagnostic and carrier-screening strategy for BMF and FA and to enable comprehensive genetic counseling.
Targeting factor Xa and thrombin: impact on coagulation and beyond
Authors: Esmon Charles T.
Published: December 2013

Great advances have been made in recent years in understanding the haemostatic system and the molecular and cellular basis of thrombus formation. Although directly targeting factor Xa or thrombin (factor IIa) for effective anticoagulation is now well established, evidence has emerged suggesting that factor Xa and thrombin are involved in other physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes, including inflammation. These non-haemostatic activities of factor Xa and thrombin are predominantly mediated via the activation of proteinaseactivated receptors. Studies have indicated a potential role of coagulation proteins (including factor Xa and thrombin) in the progression of disease conditions such as atherothrombosis. Preclinical studies have provided evidence for the effects of direct factor Xa or direct thrombin inhibition beyond anticoagulation, including anti-inflammatory activities and atherosclerotic plaque stabilisation. In this article, the non-haemostatic activities of factor Xa and thrombin and the effects of direct inhibition of these coagulation factors on these activities are summarised. In addition, the potential roles of factor Xa and thrombin in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis are explored and the cardiovascular profiles of rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran etexilate observed in phase III clinical studies are discussed.
Transtorno, sintoma e direção do tratamento para o autismo
Authors: Calazans Roberto , Martins Clara Rodrigues
Published: December 2013

Este artigo pretende destacar duas modalidades de direção de tratamento do autismo a partir de duas diferentes concepções clínicas. De um lado, a terapia cognitivo-comportamental, cuja perspectiva clínica tem como centro a noção de transtorno; de outro lado, a psicanálise, a partir da noção de sintoma. Enquanto a noção de transtorno coloca o autista numa posição deficitária que deve ser minorada através de técnicas de ajustamento e aprendizagem, tal como desenvolvida pelo método TEACCH, a noção de sintoma, própria da psicanálise, permite afirmar no autismo a dimensão de sujeito, cuja aposta é oferecida pela “prática entre vários”.
A educação infantil escolar como espaço de subjetivação
Authors: Flach Flávia , Sordi Regina Orgler
Published: December 2013

Sabemos que os primeiros anos de vida da criança são importantes para o desenvolvimento psíquico; por esse motivo, quando se trata de crianças muito pequenas e que freqüentam creches, faz-se necessário pensar sobre a relação que se estabelece entre os profissionais da Educação Infantil e os bebês de Berçário I. Este trabalho parte da idéia de que esses profissionais ocupam um lugar na história psíquica dessas crian- ças. Para isso, esta pesquisa traz o olhar da psicanálise a fim de refletir sobre as possibilidades constitutivas das crian- ças no espaço das Escolas de Educação Infantil.
C(ã)es-terapeutas: o enquadre a serviço do método na análise de uma adolescente
Authors: Minerbo Marion
Published: December 2013

Este é o relato de uma análise que só foi possível quando meus cães passaram a fazer parte do campo transferenciai. Tal fato nos obriga a problematizar a transferência enquanto relação intersubjetiva, bem como um enquadre fixado a priori, independente do diagnóstico transferenciai.
Evocações de pais de adolescentes em crise
Authors: Ribas Maria Cicília de Carvalho
Published: December 2013

A partir de fragmentos de discurso de pais de jovens que apresentaram uma descompensação psicótica na adolescência, a autora questiona, por um lado, a importância de verificar se haveria, na infância desses jovens, fatores relevantes que pudessem justificar ou serem preditivos da eclosão de uma psicose na adolescência. De outro lado, alerta para os efeitos nefastos de tomar o fato de os pais terem vivido experiências difíceis na sua própria adolescência como um papel determinante na eclosão da psicose do filho.
O “José de Arimatéia” da tradição arturiana
Authors: Furtado Antônio L.
Published: December 2013

Enigma em texto arturiano do século XIII é investigado por meio do exame de fontes, bem como de considerações históricas e linguísticas. A obra estudada se insere na Matéria de Bretanha, representada de forma significativa na literatura portuguesa medieval.
Robotic Measurement of Arm Movements After Stroke Establishes Biomarkers of Motor Recovery
Authors: Krebs Hermano I. , Krams Michael , Agrafiotis Dimitris K. , DiBernardo Allitia , Chavez Juan C. , Littman Gary S. , Yang Eric , Byttebier Geert , Dipietro Laura , Rykman Avrielle , McArthur Kate , Hajjar Karim , Lees Kennedy R. , Volpe Bruce T.
Published: December 2013

Background and Purpose—

Because robotic devices record the kinematics and kinetics of human movements with high resolution, we hypothesized that robotic measures collected longitudinally in patients after stroke would bear a significant relationship to standard clinical outcome measures and, therefore, might provide superior biomarkers.

Methods—

In patients with moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke, we used clinical scales and robotic devices to measure arm movement 7, 14, 21, 30, and 90 days after the event at 2 clinical sites. The robots are interactive devices that measure speed, position, and force so that calculated kinematic and kinetic parameters could be compared with clinical assessments.

Results—

Among 208 patients, robotic measures predicted well the clinical measures (cross-validated
R
2
of modified Rankin scale=0.60; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale=0.63; Fugl-Meyer=0.73; Motor Power=0.75). When suitably scaled and combined by an artificial neural network, the robotic measures demonstrated greater sensitivity in measuring the recovery of patients from day 7 to day 90 (increased standardized effect=1.47).

Conclusions—

These results demonstrate that robotic measures of motor performance will more than adequately capture outcome, and the altered effect size will reduce the required sample size. Reducing sample size will likely improve study efficiency.
Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 45. A correction
Authors: Váňa Jíri , Söderström Lars , Hagborg Anders , Von Konrat Matt
Published: December 2013

Váňa et al. (2013) elevated Anastrophyllum subgen. Schizophyllum (Schuster 1969: 739) to generic rank as Schizophyllum (R.M.Schust.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. (2013: 16), overlooking the genus Schizophyllum Nuttall (1841: 452; Asteraceae) and, thereby creating an illegitimate later homonym. This is corrected here by publication of the new genus Schizophyllopsis and the transfer of all species of Schizophyllum (R.M.Schust.) Váňa et al. to that genus. Despite the generic name itself being illegitimate, names published under Schizophyllum (R.M.Schust.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. are legitimate under ICN Art. 55.1 (see below).
Premna menglaensis, a new name for Premna laevigata C. Y. Wu (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Li Bo , TAN YUNHONG , ZHANG ZHIYONG , ZHANG DIANXIANG
Published: December 2013

The genus Premna Linnaeus (1771: 587) contains about 200 species and is distributed in Old World tropics and subtropics with 46 species in China (Chen & Gilbert 1994). After being transferred from the Verbenaceae to the Lamiaceae, the genus becomes one of the biggest genera of the mint family (Harley et al. 2004), and now ranks among the more taxonomically difficult and complicated genera of Lamiaceae. Premna laevigata C. Y. Wu (1977: 440) was described from collections from Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China. However, the name was not validly published in the original description (Wu 1977) because three collections were simultaneously designated as types (i.e. H.T.Tsai 59-11098 was assigned as the flowering type, and S.J.Pei 59-11239 and, 59-13345 as fruiting types) which is contrary to articles 40.1 and 40.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN) (McNeill et al. 2012). In the Catalogue of type specimens (Cormophyta) in the herbaria of China (Jin 1994), this name was validated by designating H. T. Tsai 59-11098 as the holotype. Unfortunately, it is still an illegitimate name according article 53.1 of the ICN because the name is a later homonym of P. laevigata Miquel (1858: 895), based on material from Indonesia (Sumatra). However this was not realised in either Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Chen 1982), or in Flora of China (Chen & Gilbert 1994). After checking the type material of both names, it is concluded that the two homonyms apply to two totally unrelated taxa. Therefore, the Chinese species requires a new name which is proposed below.
Loricaria luciae, a new species of whiptail catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Paraguay and lower Paraná River basins of southeastern South America
Authors: THOMAS MATTHEW R. , RODRIGUEZ MÓNICA S. , CAVALLARO MARCEL R. , FROEHLICH OTÁVIO , CASTRO RICARDO MACEDO CORRÊA E
Published: December 2013

Loricaria luciae, new species, is described from the the rio Paraguay basin of Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay, south to its confluence with the rio Paraná in Argentina. It is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characteristics: pectoral girdle entirely naked or with small isolated plates near base of pectoral fin, post-ural plate at base of caudal fin large (plate length 17.0–20.3% HL), and total lateral plates 32–33 (modally 32). The new species occurs in a variety of habitats ranging from small, seasonally intermittent streams with clear water to large, turbid rivers over sand and mud substrates. It is sympatric with at least three other species of Loricaria in the Paraguay and lower Paraná drainages, including L. apeltogaster Boulenger 1895, L. coximensis Rodriguez et al. 2012, and L. simillima Regan 1904.
Notes on Citrogramma Vockeroth and Eosphaerophoria Frey (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: MENGUAL XIMO
Published: December 2013

New taxonomic and distributional data on the genera Citrogramma Vockeroth, 1969 and Eosphaerophoria Frey, 1946 are presented, including descriptions of the females of Citrogramma asombrosum Mengual, 2012, Citrogramma pennardsi Mengual, 2012 and Eosphaerophoria dentiscutellata (Keiser, 1958). Modifications to published identification keys to accommodate the new information are provided for both genera.
Revision of Siobla (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) from Japan
Authors: SHINOHARA AKIHIKO , WEI MEICAI , NIU GENGYUN
Published: December 2013

The Japanese species of the sawfly genus Siobla Cameron, 1877, are revised and keyed. The following nine species are recognized: S. apicalis Takeuchi, 1929, S. ferox (Smith, 1874), S. hirasana Takeuchi, 1929, S. jucunda (Mocsáry, 1909), S. metallica Takeuchi, 1929, S. sturmii (Klug, 1817), S. japonica, sp. nov., S. pulchra, sp. nov., and S. takeuchii, sp. nov.  Siobla pacifica (Smith, 1874) is synonymized with S. sturmii. Lectotypes are designated for Macrophya ferox Smith, 1874, Macrophya pacifica Smith, 1874, Encarsioneura jucunda Mocsáry, 1909, and Siobla grandis Matsumura, 1912. Previous records of S. ruficornis (Gimmerthal, 1834) and S. villosa Malaise, 1931, from Japan have been found erroneous. Siobla jucunda is newly recorded from Japan.
A cryptic new species of Miniopterus from south-eastern Africa based on molecular and morphological characters
Authors: MONADJEM ARA , GOODMAN STEVEN M. , STANLEY WILLIAM T. , APPLETON BELINDA
Published: December 2013

Resolving species limits within the genus Miniopterus has traditionally been complicated by the presence of cryptic species with overlapping morphological features. We use molecular techniques, cranio-dental characters and tragus shape to describe a new species of Miniopterus from Mozambique, M. mossambicus. Miniopterus mossambicus shows > 12% divergence in cytochrome-b sequence from its nearest congeners (the Malagasy M. gleni and M. griveaudi) and > 15% divergence from the morphologically similar M. natalensis, M. fraterculus and M. minor (all of which occur in southern and eastern Africa). There is considerable overlap in cranio-dental characters of the southern African species, particularly M. natalensis and M. mossambicus. However, tragus shape and multivariate comparisons of skull measurements can be used to separate these species. Based on morphological comparisons of museum specimens, this species may also be present in neighbouring Malawi and Zimbabwe, suggesting that it is probably distributed widely in south-central Africa.
Revision of the genus Ortopla Walker, [1859] with description of two new species from Southeast Asia (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Pantheinae). Revision of Pantheinae, contribution X
Authors: Behounek G. , HAN H. L. , Kononenko V. S.
Published: December 2013

The pantheine genus Ortopla Walker, [1859] 1858 is revised. Two new species, Ortopla witti sp. n. from the Philippines and O. longiuncus sp. n. from Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and South China are described. The name O. commutanda Warren, 1891 (syn. n.) is synonymised with O. iarbasalis Walker, [1859] 1858. The distribution of species in East Asia is clarified. A checklist of the genus Ortopla is presented. Imagines, male and female genitalia of all species are illustrated.
Timoides agassizii Bigelow, 1904, little-known hydromedusa (Cnidaria), appears briefly in large numbers off Oman, March 2011, with additional notes about species of the genus Timoides
Authors: Purushothaman Jasmine , Kharusi Lubna Al , Mills Claudia E. , Ghielani Hamed , Marzouki Mohammad Al
Published: December 2013

A bloom of the hydromedusan jellyfish, Timoides agassizii, occurred in February 2011 off the coast of Sohar, Al Batinah, Sultanate of Oman, in the Gulf of Oman. This species was first observed in 1902 in great numbers off Haddummati Atoll in the Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean and has rarely been seen since. The species appeared briefly in large numbers off Oman in 2011 and subsequent observation of our 2009 samples of zooplankton from Sohar revealed that it was also present in low numbers (two collected) in one sample in 2009; these are the first records in the Indian Ocean north of the Maldives. Medusae collected off Oman were almost identical to those recorded previously from the Maldive Islands, Papua New Guinea, the Marshall Islands, Guam, the South China Sea, and Okinawa. T. agassizii is a species that likely lives for several months. It was present in our plankton samples together with large numbers of the oceanic siphonophore Physalia physalis only during a single month’s samples, suggesting that the temporary bloom off Oman was likely due to the arrival of mature, open ocean medusae into nearshore waters. We see no evidence that T. agassizii has established a new population along Oman, since if so, it would likely have been present in more than one sample period. We are unable to deduce further details of the life cycle of this species from blooms of many mature individuals nearshore, about a century apart. Examination of a single damaged T. agassizii medusa from Guam, calls into question the existence of its congener, T. latistyla, known only from a single specimen.
A new species of karst-adapted Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from a threatened karst region in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE , WOOD JR. PERRY L. , MOHAMED MAKETAB , CHAN KIN ONN , HEINZ HEATHER M. , SUMARLI ALEX S-I. , CHAN JACOB A. , LOREDO ARIEL I.
Published: December 2013

A new species of karst-adapted gekkonid lizard of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch is described from Gua Gunting and Gua Goyang in a karst region of Merapoh, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia whose unique limestone formations are in immediate danger of being quarried. The new species differs from all other species of Cnemaspis based on its unique suite of morphological and color pattern characters. Its discovery underscores the unique biodiversity endemic to karst regions and adds to a growing list of karst-adapted reptiles from Peninsular Malaysia. We posit that new karst-adapted species endemic to limestone forests will continue to be discovered and these regions will harbor a significant percentage of Peninsular Malaysia’s biodiversity and thusly should be conserved rather than quarried.