bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Articulate Chemotherapeutic Strategies for the Development of Effective
Drugs against a Fatal Disease, Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Kumar Awanish
Published: December 2023

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) control relies mainly on chemotherapy in the absence of no
effective vaccines. However, available anti-VL drugs are limited in number, having toxicity issues,
adverse reactions, low efficacy, and resistance observed against antileishmanial. A significant decrease
in efficacy (~tenfold increase in dosage and duration) was reported against the usual treatment
with Pentavalent antimonials (the most recommended antileishmanial drug discovered 90
years ago). Amphotericin B is the second line of treatment but limits wider use due to its high cost.
Pentamidine is another anti-VL drug, but its therapeutic efficacy has decreased significantly in different
areas. These conventional therapeutics for VL have become almost outdated due to a significant
increase in therapeutic failure in terms of percentage. Due to this, the search for an effective
future anti-VL drug spans several decades, and now it is in high demand in the current situation.
Some conventional therapeutics are modified, but they are also not satisfactory. Therefore, this article
aimed to discuss conventional and modified therapeutics while emphasizing innovative chemotherapeutic
measures against VL that could speed up the slow pace of antileishmanial drugs and
overcome the drug resistance problem in the future.
A QSAR and Pharmacophore Survey on Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with
Effect on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Hajiagha Bozorgi Atefeh , Samadi Fatemeh
Published: December 2023

Background::

Tyrosine kinases are of great importance nowadays in cancer treatment. As
designing new inhibitors with more potency is an optimal goal of pharmaceutical companies, using
previous improvements in this area would be beneficial. One of the most popular and widely used
methods is creating a QSAR model. Another useful way is to build a pharmacophoric map to address
important features of inhibitors.

Methods::

Upon this, a large dataset of molecules was applied to create a QSAR model for the prediction
of the inhibitory activity of molecules against the epidermal growth factor receptor. Using
MOE software, molecular descriptors were calculated in 3d, and a model was built.

Results::

9 descriptors were selected, which describe the energy, shape, and hydrophobicity of the
molecules. A pharmacophoric map was also created, and 3 important features were selected: Hydrophobic
areas, H-bond acceptor regions, and Aromatic moieties.

Conclusion::

These findings proved the results obtained result from the QSAR model.
Intranasal Delivery of Perillyl Alcohol (NEO100) as a New Treatment
Strategy for Glioma
Authors: Schönthal Axel H. , Thome Julio , de Lima Daniela C. , Chen Thomas C. , da Fonseca Clovis O.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a naturally occurring monoterpene that is being
developed as an intranasally delivered agent for the treatment of brain-localized malignancies.
Clinical trials with glioma patients in Brazil have yielded preliminary evidence that this approach
might be able to achieve therapeutic activity and result in prolonged survival of patients.

Methods:

NEO100, a highly pure, current good manufacturing practice-produced version of
POH, is being evaluated in a Phase I/IIa clinical trial with recurrent glioblastoma patients in the
United States. Patients self-administer POH/NEO100 as a mist with a nasal mask over the course
of 15 minutes, four times a day, every day.

Results:

The treatment regimen is well tolerated, even if maintained over several years. It correlated with improved survival when compared to historical controls.

Conclusion:

There is human data demonstrating that this novel approach could become useful for the treatment of malignant glioma.

Clinical Trial Registration Number::

NCT02704858
Comparative Analysis of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities
of Essential Oils from Two Ocimum Species
Authors: Rokonuzzaman Md. , Rahman Atiqur , Reza Abu , Liza Nilufar Yasmin , Okay Sezer , Mostofa Jamal Mohammad Abu Hena , Demirtas Ibrahim
Published: December 2023

Background:

The species of the genus Ocimum has been used since ancient times in
the Indian subcontinent to cure various illnesses. Essential oil from Ocimum species has antimicrobial activity.

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to extract essential oils from different parts of
two Ocimum species and test their antimicrobial activity

Methods:

Hydrodistillation was used to extract essential oils from various parts of two basil
species, CG_MS was used to identify the chemical compounds, and disk diffusion method was
used to assess their antimicrobial activity.

Results:

A total of sixty-seven chemical compounds from Ocimum sanctum L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. were identified using GC-MS. Among them, eugenol (1.00-27.66%), methyl eugenol
(0.78-28.52%), β-elemene (5.10-20.98%), caryophyllene (0.94-43.18%), caryophyllene oxide
(1.1-10.81%), palmitic acid methyl ester (3.20-21.38%), oleic acid methyl ester (2.91-40.7%) and
linoleic acid methyl ester (1.55-74.71%) comprised the majority of the makeup of essential oils,
due to diverse plant species and body sections, the percentage differed significantly. The essential
oils contained monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and aldehydes/ketonic derivatives in the flower and
leaf parts of O. sanctum and the leaf part of O. gratissimum. The essential oils of these Ocimum
species showed good antibacterial activities against the bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and
Enterococcus faecalis with inhibition zones ranging from 10-36 mm.

Conclusion:

These two species of Ocimum showed significant variation in chemical composition and antibacterial activity.
Organic Electrosynthesis: A Promising Green Tool in Solving Key Steps
for the Total Synthesis of Complex Natural Products
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Ayan , Sarkar Rajib
Published: December 2023

Electro-organic synthesis, an atom-efficient, sustainable, mild process, permits an ecofriendly
and elegant green path to synthesize structurally complex, still valuable molecules, avoiding
the use of conventional harsh oxidizing and reducing agents and long-route reaction protocols. Being
one of the oldest forms of reaction setups in a laboratory, it deals with fundamental redox chemistry
through the direct application of electrical potential. Here flow of electrons acts as an oxidizing agent
at the anode at the same time reducing agent at the cathode, depending upon the requirement of the
reaction. Simultaneously, it minimizes the generation of reagent waste during the reaction. However,
electrifying organic synthesis plays more than preventing the waste footprint. This technology provides
an alternative roadmap through nonclassical bond disconnections to access desired target molecules
by cutting down a number of steps with the formation of apparently looking difficult bonds
with excellent regio-, chemo-and stereoselectivity. Hence, it emerges as an alternative and attractive
technique for the contemporary synthetic communities. Consequently, in recent years, multiple milestones
have been achieved in the electro-organic synthesis of fascinating natural products through
oxidative C-C bond formation, C-H/N-H functionalization, very rare oxidative N-N dimerization,
RCDA dimerization, etc. Thus, synthesis of extremely complex natural products through finding new
electro-synthetic route as a key methodology have become one of the alluring synthetic targets to
synthetic chemists because of their versatile utilities in medicine, agriculture, food, and cosmetic
industry. This review presents advances in electrochemistry in the total synthesis of 20 complex natural
products reported since 2013. Enabling synthetic steps are analyzed alongside innate advantages
as well as future prospects are speculated.
Determining Anti-Acne Potential of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Powder,
Herbal Hydrogel using S. Aureus Growth Inhibition Model, by Agar Well
Diffusion Technique
Authors: Kumar Harish , Verma Madhu , Garg Harshit , Garg Ishu , Sharma Ishika
Published: December 2023

Background::

Neem (Azadirachta indica) can be considered as a boon to mankind as
it possesses innumerable medicinal benefits despite being cost effective. Its use as an anti-acne
agent is widely anticipated. A topical formulation of neem leaf powder as hydrogel was prepared
recognizing the use of its phytoconstituents in many skin therapies. The primary goal of topical
formulations is to provide drug contact with the skin while reducing overall absorption.

Aim::

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-acne potential of Neem leaves powder hydrogel.

Method::

Neem powder was tested for its organoleptic and physical characteristics. Neem hydrogel
was prepared in a 1% w/v carbopol gel and evaluated by agar disk diffusion. A 3% w/w (F1)
and 2% w/w (F2) hydrogel prepared by adding 3g and 2g, respectively, to the prepared carbopol
gel making a volume of 100 ml, was evaluated for various parameters. A comparative evaluation
tests were conducted for F1, F2 and 1% w/v carbopol gel (blank). After the test results, F1 was
optimized for pH and viscosity by adding triethanolamine. Optimized F1 was tested against 1%
w/w salicylic acid gel, and Zitcare-S (Standard) for anti-acne activity. Agar plates were prepared
and a well was dug using a borer. The wells were filled with the F1, standard and blank, inoculated
by the Staphylococcus aureus using the spread culture technique. The plates were incubated for
24 hours at standard conditions.

Results::

F1, F2, blank and standard were tested for their viscosity, spreadability, pH and some
organoleptic parameters. The test results from F1 and F2 suggested F1 to be a more efficient
hydrogel. Standard, blank and F1 were tested using agar well diffusion technique. After the incubation
period, the plates were taken out and kept on a white sheet. Using a meter scale, the radius
of the zone of inhibition was determined. It was found that F1 gave 1.7cm, standard gave 1.3cm
and blank gave 0cm radius size zone of inhibition.

Conclusion::

Test results suggest that F1 has better spreadability and viscosity in comparison to
F2. This study concludes that F1 is a more stable and efficient formulation as a hydrogel with
efficient spreadability and optimum viscosity. F1 has better anti-bacterial activity than the standard
and has better anti-acne potential.
Insights Derived From Text-Based Digital Media, in Relation to Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Using Data Analysis and Machine Learning: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Sweeney Colm , Ennis Edel , Mulvenna Maurice D , Bond Raymond , O'Neill Siobhan
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Text-based digital media platforms have revolutionized communication and information sharing, providing valuable access to knowledge and understanding in the fields of mental health and suicide prevention.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aimed to determine how machine learning and data analysis can be applied to text-based digital media data to understand mental health and aid suicide prevention.

METHODS

A systematic review of research papers from the following major electronic databases was conducted: Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase (via MEDLINE), and PsycINFO (via MEDLINE). The database search was supplemented by a hand search using Google Scholar.

RESULTS

Overall, 19 studies were included, with five major themes as to how data analysis and machine learning techniques could be applied: (1) as predictors of personal mental health, (2) to understand how personal mental health and suicidal behavior are communicated, (3) to detect mental disorders and suicidal risk, (4) to identify help seeking for mental health difficulties, and (5) to determine the efficacy of interventions to support mental well-being.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings show that data analysis and machine learning can be used to gain valuable insights, such as the following: web-based conversations relating to depression vary among different ethnic groups, teenagers engage in a web-based conversation about suicide more often than adults, and people seeking support in web-based mental health communities feel better after receiving online support. Digital tools and mental health apps are being used successfully to manage mental health, particularly through the COVID-19 epidemic, during which analysis has revealed that there was increased anxiety and depression, and web-based communities played a part in reducing isolation during the pandemic. Predictive analytics were also shown to have potential, and virtual reality shows promising results in the delivery of preventive or curative care. Future research efforts could center on optimizing algorithms to enhance the potential of text-based digital media analysis in mental health and suicide prevention. In addressing depression, a crucial step involves identifying the factors that contribute to happiness and using machine learning to forecast these sources of happiness. This could extend to understanding how various activities result in improved happiness across different socioeconomic groups. Using insights gathered from such data analysis and machine learning, there is an opportunity to craft digital interventions, such as chatbots, designed to provide support and address mental health challenges and suicide prevention.
Research on the School-Enterprise Collaborative Education of MTI of Medical Colleges
Authors: Hailian Zhao , i Xianggang Wei Xianggang
Published: December 2023

The refinement of the Master of Translation and Interpreting program within medical colleges and universities can significantly bolster intellectual support for collaboration and exchange in the medical field. This article elucidates the prevalent challenges in the existing translation master’s program in medical institutions, including the lack of distinctive teaching materials, a monotonous instructional approach, and the delayed adaptation to emerging translation technologies. It further recommends the development of specialized in-house materials tailored to the medical field, the adoption of innovative teaching methodologies, and the adept integration of translation technology through a synergistic school-enterprise collaboration model, aimed at enhancing the training quality for translation master’s candidates within a corporate-academic collaborative framework.
A Sojourn into the Afghani Customs and Beliefs through the Lens of Religiosity in Nadiya Hashimi’s ‘The Pearl That Broke its Shell’
Authors: Darkhasha Darkhasha
Published: December 2023

Afghanistan, an Islamic country, has always been counted as the most barbaric abode for women. As per the news that has been taking round, the life of these women is filled with battles, restrictions and social discriminations. They are compelled to accept everything in the name of religion and are even denied from receiving the fundamental rights. The Afghan society is overpowered by men who call themselves religious and yet refuse to follow the guidelines mentioned in the holy text. Religion is a way of life which chalks down certain norms and demarcations for men as well as women, to abide by those, in order to have a tangle free peaceful society for every individual to thrive in. The holy Quran clearly mentions equality for women. The Lord says: “I never fail to reward any worker among you for any work you do, be you male or female - you are equal to one another.” (Qur’an, 3: 195). The Government of the state has imposed certain laws which brutally restrict its women from enjoying certain liberties. Demolition of their fundamental rights has not only made them weak, marginalized and subjugated but also left them bereft of their basic right to live like a human being. Under decades of war, the Taliban regime has been yielding the most oppressive lives for Afghan women. The very common Purdah custom, escorting of men, forced polygamy and gender segregation has become the staunch and hardcore rules for these women. The present study brings to the fore the many times pictured tumultuous predicament of women in Afghan society and puts it to examine how despite the age old ragged customs and rigid norms that has wreaked havoc on their status; these iron willed women have put up a brave face to fight against the injustices and restrictions piled on them by the radicalized men and striven to rise out of the debris. Nadiya Hashimi’s ‘The Pearl That Broke Its Shell’ not only defines a woman's place in the face of violence but also highlights the resolution of this subjugated sect to liberate them from the tightened fist.
“Born to Two Mothers, The Hero Bhagiratha”: Understanding Homosexuality in Indian Mythology
Authors: Sarkar Chandrabali
Published: December 2023

Indian mythology has several narratives of homosexuality and homoeroticism but the narratives were often seen as taboo and were being marginalized for decades. With the advancement of time, the interpretation of the same ancient tales has upturned because of the modern scholars and comic artists who inverted the perspective of seeing the culture in India from a pessimistic turn to an optimistic one.
Technology used in Clay Brick Making Process in India on Brick Kiln Investment and Business Feasibility and Sustainability in View of Environment Condition
Authors: Ahlawat Sumit
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Brick Kiln and Technology are seems to be vice versa of each other when we saw practically in plant visit. It is highly traditional method which consists of different mechanical process from moulding, drying, staking, firing and cooling of bricks. Every process is highly labour oriented and traditional which is used by brick kiln owner since last decade. As government of India is concerned just one technology implemented that is “High Draft Brick Kiln” which is somehow similar to old “Bull Trench Kiln” technology. It increases the efficiency of kiln but fuel used in it same as old kiln which cause pollution to environment.
GPS Tracking System Using Raspberry Pi Zero Wireless
Authors: Nayak S Dr. Pooja
Published: December 2023

Abstract: In response to the growing need for advanced personal security measures, this project introduces a cutting-edge "GPS Tracking System Using Raspberry Pi Zero Wireless." Leveraging the compact and versatile Raspberry Pi Zero W along with a NEO-6M GPS Module, the system facilitates real-time location tracking for enhanced personal security. The implementation process includes the installation of Raspbian, setup of the Raspberry Pi Zero W, and the connection of the GPS module using serial communication. A Python script, utilizing the gpsd library, processes GPS data, allowing users to save location information locally or transmit it to a server for real-time tracking. Optional integration with internet platforms such as Ubidots or Firebase enables continuous, remote monitoring. The project emphasizes user-friendly deployment, consideration of enclosure options for environmental protection, and implementation of power management strategies to optimize system longevity. This Real-Time GPS Tracking System serves as a contemporary solution, providing individuals with accessible and efficient technology to reinforce their personal security measures.
Emotion Recognition through Text, Speech and Image
Authors: Reddy Dr. K. Shirisha
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Emotion recognition plays a vital role in various applications, such as human-computer interaction, affective computing, and psychological assessment. This comparative study investigates the effectiveness of emotion recognition through text, image, and speech modalities. Our research aims to analyze and compare state-of-art approaches in each modality and identify their strengths and limitations. Conducting an exhaustive literature review enabled us to understand existing methodologies, datasets, and evaluation metrics. The research methodology and implementation include data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, and the application of machine learning and deep learning models. The results provide insights into the performance of different modalities, paving the way for advancements in emotion recognition research.
Artificial Intelligence for Water Quality
Authors: Vaivude Pritee
Published: December 2023

Abstract: This study delves into how AI can be applied within water and environmental engineering research, particu- larly emphasizing the utilization of machine learning models to advance the accuracy of water quality predictions in the Delaware River. Through an analysis of time series data spanning from 2020 to 2022 and the utilization of exploratory data analysis methods, this investigation scrutinizes various elements influenc- ing the dynamics of water quality. For water quality time series analysis, identifying changes in long-term trends is important, yet identifying specific change-points is also important[3]. A strong correlation is notably detected between levels of dissolved oxygen and recorded temperatures. Leveraging this correlation, an intricate polynomial regression model is crafted to forecast dissolved oxygen concentrations based on expected temperature values. This predictive model not only clarifies the inherent link between dissolved oxygen and temperature but also offers insights into projecting future dissolved oxygen levels in the Delaware River, considering anticipated temperature fluctuations. These findings hold significant promise, potentially enhancing ecologi- cal evaluations and the development of impactful management strategies, specifically designed for water quality monitoring and conservation efforts within the Delaware River basin. Hence, eval- uation of water quality of groundwater is extremely important to prepare for remedial measures[1].
Childhood abuse and depression among Chinese male prisoners: Selfesteem and coping style as mediators
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Qiu Huiyan , Han Wendong
Published: December 2023

We explored the mediating effects of self-esteem and coping styles on depression in male prisoners with a history of childhood abuse. Participants were 809 male prisoners in a Chinese prison, who responded to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Self-Esteem Scale, the Simplified
Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The results revealed that (a) self-esteem and coping style mediated the association between childhood abuse and depression among male prisoners, and (b) self-esteem and coping style played a chain mediating
role in the relationship between childhood abuse and depression. However, these effects varied between different types of abuse. The findings enhance comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between childhood abuse and depression, and provide valuable information for the
effective improvement of mental health status among male prisoners.
The interference mechanism of the spatial–numerical association of response codes effect in mixed contexts containing numbers and letters
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Feng Leyi , Wang Qiangqiang
Published: December 2023

We designed two experiments to investigate the interference mechanism of the spatial–numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect in randomly presented mixed contexts of numbers and letters, after manipulating the binding pattern of numbers and letters with left or right
response position in situations where the ratio of numbers to letters was 1:3. The results from Experiment 1 showed that the SNARC effect occurred both for numbers and letters when binding small numbers with letters A–C, or large numbers and letters E–G. In Experiment 2 the SNARC
effect was absent in classification of both numbers and letters when binding the digits 1–3 with letters E-G and binding 4–7 with A–C. This suggests that interference between the spatial representation of letters and numbers in working memory can lead to the disappearance
of the SNARC effect in mixed contexts.
Importance of Digastric Muscle Sensitivity in Bruxism
Authors: ENİNANÇ İlknur , YALÇIN Defne
Published: December 2023

Objective. It was aimed to assess the differences in the sensitivities of masticatory and digastric muscles during examination because of continuous and excessive forces in case of bruxism.
Material and Method. From the masticatory muscles of 162 individuals with bruxism and 162 control individuals, masseter, temporalis, medial / lateral pterygoideus muscles and digastric muscles were examined. Perceived sense of discomfort-pain during muscle examinations was scored according to a numerical rating scale and recorded as right and left.
Results. In individuals with bruxism, the pain scores of the patients for each examined muscle were higher than the control group (p<0.05). In the ROC analysis performed in bruxism, cut-off values for digastric muscle, lateral pterygoideus muscle and other muscles were 2.5, 1.5 and 0.5, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the digastric muscles were found to be higher than other muscles (sensitivity: right=72.8%, left=72.8%, specificity: right=18.5%, left=17.9%).
Conclusion. Bruxism affects digastric muscles more than masticatory muscles. Digastric muscles and other masticatory muscles should be evaluated in addition to masseter muscle pain, hypertrophy and fatigue in the clinical diagnosis of bruxism.
Türkiye’de Hemşirelik Lisans ve Lisansüstü Programlarında Kanıta Dayalı Uygulama Öğretimi: Tanımlayıcı ve Kesitsel Çalışma
Authors: TAŞ ARSLAN Fatma , AKKOYUN Sevinç , KARAYAĞIZ MUSLU Gonca
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma Türkiye’de hemşirelik lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora eğitim programlarının müfredatlarında kanıta dayalı uygulama öğretiminin incelenmesi amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde bir araştırmanın, veri taraması 15 Mart-15 Mayıs 2023 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Araştırmanın örneklemini kanıta dayalı uyulama öğretimini yürüten 70 hemşirelik lisans, 56 yüksek lisans ve 88 doktora programı oluşturdu. Üniversitelerin web sayfalarından Bologna sistemleri tarandı. Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamaya (KDU) öğretimine yönelik derslerin bilgileri “Ders Değerlendirme Formu” kayıt edildi. Veriler IBM SPSS 22 programı ile analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Hemşirelik lisans programlarının %39,8’inde, yüksek lisans programlarının %44,8’inde ve doktora programlarının %78,6’sında KDU’ya yönelik dersin olduğu belirlendi. Hemşirelik lisans programlarının, %67,1’inde KDU dersinin 1-3 AKTS değerine sahip olduğu, %92,9’unun seçmeli ders kategorisinde olduğu, %48,6’sınde dersin 7.-8. dönemde verildiği ve programların %82,9’unda ise ders içeriğinin var olduğu saptandı. Yüksek lisans programlarının, %55,4’ünde KDU dersinin 4-6 AKTS değerinde, %96,4’ünün seçmeli ders kategorisinde olduğu ve programların %66,1’inde ders içeriğinin olduğu belirlendi. Doktora programlarının, %42,0’sinde KDU dersinin 4-6 AKTS değerinde, %90,9’ünün seçmeli ders kategorisinde olduğu ve doktora programlarının %77,3’ünde ise ders içeriği bulundu. Konu içeriklerinde ise on içerik belirlendi.
Sonuç: Türkiye’de hemşirelik müfredatında KDU öğretimine yönelik dersin olma durumu yarıdan azdır. Lisans ve lisansüstü eğitimde belirli standardizasyonun olmadığı görülmektedir.
Isparta İlindeki Serbest Eczacıların Bitkisel Ürünler Hakkında Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BULUT Semih , GÜLER Emel
Published: December 2023

Bitkisel içerikli ürünlerin kullanımı tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de giderek artmaktadır. Serbest eczacılar bitkisel içerikli ürünlerin kullanımında halk sağlığı açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu araştırma ile Isparta ilinde görev yapan serbest eczacıların bitkisel ürünler hakkında davranışları incelenmiştir. Araştırma 20.10.2022-20.03.2023 tarihleri arasında Isparta il merkezinde hizmet sunan serbest eczacılar ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada anket formları kullanılmış ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler yüzde ve frekans değerleri ile gösterilmiştir. Eczacıların %54,3’ü bitkisel ürünleri sıklıkla sattığını bildirmiştir. Eczacılar bitkisel içerikli ürünleri %61,4 oranı ile bağışıklık sistemini destekleme amaçlı satmaktadır. Eczanelerdeki bitkisel ürünlerin %51,4'ünün pediatrik hasta grubu için tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Eczacıların %45,7’sinin bitkisel ürünler hakkında ürün satış temsilcilerinden bilgi aldığı ve %41,4’ünün fitofarmakovijilans kavramını daha önce duymadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada eczacıların %92,9’u bitkisel ürünlerin güvenliği hakkında endişe duyarken, %95,7’si bitkisel ürünler ile ilgili yasal düzenlemeleri yetersiz bulmuştur. Sonuç olarak serbest eczacılar bitkisel ürünler hakkında hastalara doğru tavsiyelerde bulunmalı ve bu konuda güçlü bir bilgi birikimine sahip olmalıdır. Eczacıların bitkisel ürünlerle ilgili güncel donanıma sahip olmaları için meslek içi eğitimler planlanmalıdır. Bitkisel ürünlerle ilgili yasal düzenlemeler sorumlu otoriteler tarafından daha ayrıntılı yapılmalıdır.
Examining the Content, Quality, and Readability of Online Information on Exercise for Temporomandibular Joint Pain
Authors: ÜNÜVAR Bayram Sönmez , ÖZMEN Elif Esra
Published: December 2023

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is a widespread health issue causing discomfort, pain, and distress in the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. It significantly impacts daily activities and diminishes the overall quality of life. As individuals increasingly turn to online platforms for health information, the accuracy and reliability of such information become pivotal. The accuracy, quality, and reliability of online information, especially concerning therapeutic exercises like those for TMJ pain, are of paramount importance. This study aims to assess the content, quality, and readability of online information related to TMJ pain exercises in the Turkish language. A total of 54 websites obtained from Google searches using the keyword "jaw pain exercises" were examined. Evaluation criteria included Ateshman Readability Scale, DISCERN, and JAMA, which were employed to assess medical accuracy, content quality, clarity, and suitability for the general readership. The results revealed that the online information on these platforms generally lacked quality and was not sufficiently understandable for the intended audience, particularly patients. Many sites provided incomplete or vague information about the correct techniques for exercises, potentially leading to incorrect applications by patients, adversely affecting their treatment outcomes. These findings highlight the deficiency and inaccuracy of exercise guidelines available on online platforms, posing a potential risk to patients' treatment processes. It emphasizes the importance of healthcare professionals monitoring online resources, ensuring their accuracy, and making them more comprehensible. Access to accurate and reliable information is crucial for patients, empowering them to make informed decisions about their health and treatment options.
Synthesis,Characterization and Antimicrobial Evolution of New Bi-α-amino Nitrile Compounds
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq, A. Abdulhameed Zena , J. Alabdal Ammar ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: December 2023

This project is regarding the synthesis of new bi-α-amino nitrile compounds derived from the reaction of di-amine , aldehyde (vanillin oro-vanillin ),and KCN in glacial acetic acid as a solvent . The three components-one pot reaction produced (2,2'-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanediyl))bis(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile) (I) and(2,2'-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanediyl))bis(2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile) (II)considering the formation of bi-imine compounds as intermediate. α-amino nitrile compounds (I and II) were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. The prepared compounds were screened for their anti-microbialactivity. The bacteria are Gram positive (Staphylococcus aurous) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) in vitro, the results were promising; due to the large inhibition zones.
Staphylococcus Aureus Toxins and its Pathogenesis: A Review
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Hashem Shehab Zina , MH Al-Shimmary Sana ,   Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Thanoon Ahmed Shatha ,   Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: December 2023

Staphylococcus aureusis a grave community-acquired and nosocomial pathogen related to elevated levels of morbidity and mortality and produces a high number of toxins and other virulence agents. So, our review focuses on how S. aureusbegins, colonizes, and causes the infection and uponthe main determinants involved. This bacterium toxins included different types like (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) Hemolysins, Leukotoxins, Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEs), Exfoliate Toxins (ETs) ,Toxic-Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST)and Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems.. Studying the determinants of staphylococcal virulence and determining its structure, function, and epidemiology will facilitate the development of strategies to eliminate its resistance to antibiotics, especially in the absence ofan anti-S. aureusvaccine.
Application of Micro-Alga Tetradesmus Nygaardi for Wastewater Quality Improvement
Authors:   Environmental Science and Health Department, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq., Q. Qader Muzhda , A. Shekha Yahya ,   Environmental Science and Health Department, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq.
Published: December 2023

Microalgae have been increasingly used for wastewater treatment due to their capacity to assimilate nutrients. Samples of wastewater were taken from the Erbil wastewater channel near Dhahibha village. To investigate the role of algae in wastewater treatment algal samples were collected and used to isolate the most dominant and pollution tolerant algae such as Tetradesmus nygaardi cultures in BG11 broth and used for the treatment. Three doses (2, 1, and 0.2 g. l-1) of micro-algae Tetradesmus nygaardi were applied for this experiment for 21 days, and samples were periodically (every 3 days) analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, phosphate, nitrate, and BOD5 using standard methods, in addition to, chlorophyll a determination. Results showed that the highest dose (2g.l-1) was the most effective for removing the highest rate of nutrients, which was confirmed statistically with significant differences (p≤0.05) between all doses. Ammonium had the highest removal rate of 96 %, followed by NO3at 95%, while BOD5 had a range of 82 to 89.5%. Results showed that the highest dose 2g.l-1 was the most effective dose for removing nutrients, confirmed by significant differences (p≤0.05) between all doses. Reduced nutrient levels were accompanied by an increase in chlorophyll content, with the greatest biomass production of 1.03 mg. l-1 on the 17th day of the experiment.
PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR USING BRAND AMBASSADORS TO INCREASE RABBANI'S BRAND AWARENESS
Authors: Fahrani Nadhirah , Barkah Cecep Safaatul , Herawati Tetty , Aulina Lina
Published: December 2023

This study aims to look at the condition of the company's business environment by using SWOT analysis to formulate the right strategy to increase Rabbani's brand awareness. Qualitative research with the case study method is the type of research used. From the analysis results, it is known that the company is in quadrant one, which indicates that it needs a growth strategy. One way to be done is to increase brand awareness through brand ambassadors. Brand ambassadors aim to increase brand awareness and drive sales. The selection of brand ambassadors can be determined by considering the characteristics of brand ambassadors, namely transference, congruence, credibility, attractiveness, and strength.
EXAMINING FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN BATAM CITY SHOPPING MALLS
Authors: Widiana Princessa Tan , Setyawan Agustinus
Published: December 2023

Globalisation has broadened market prospects for Indonesian industries and concurrently expanded employment opportunities for its citizens. A critical determinant of company improvement is employee performance. This study is centred on identifying factors that influence employee performance, specifically focusing on the mediating role of job satisfaction. The target demographic for this research comprised employees working in shopping malls in Batam City, encompassing 379 respondents who were reached through questionnaire distribution. The methodology involved a descriptive statistical approach and the application of Partial Least Squares (PLS) for data analysis. The findings of the study highlight that organisational commitment, employee communication, and internal branding significantly and positively influence employee performance, with job satisfaction acting as a mediator. This suggests that these factors when harmonised with enhanced job satisfaction, contribute substantially to improved employee performance. This research offers valuable insights for businesses, especially within the retail sector, seeking to enhance employee productivity and overall organisational effectiveness.
IMPACT OF ONLINE CUSTOMER REVIEWS AND RATINGS ON ELECTRONIC PRODUCT PURCHASES: A TOKOPEDIA PLATFORM SURVEY AMONG PRODUCTIVE AGE CONSUMERS IN JAMBI CITY
Authors: Ikhsan Feyza Muhammad , Yacob Syahmardi , Suleman Dede
Published: December 2023

This research aims to elucidate the impact of Online Customer Reviews and Online Customer Ratings on the decision-making process for online purchases on the E-Commerce platform Tokopedia. The study focuses on residents of Jambi City who are of productive age. A purposive sampling method was employed to select 100 respondents as the sample size for this study. Data collection was conducted through a survey questionnaire, and this primary data was analysed using multiple linear regression techniques, utilising the SPSS software for Windows. The findings of this analysis reveal that Online Customer Reviews positively influence purchasing decisions. In contrast, Online Customer Ratings were found to have no significant effect on these decisions. This suggests that while the content of customer reviews plays a crucial role in shaping consumer behaviour and choices on the Tokopedia platform, the numerical ratings assigned by customers do not significantly sway purchasing decisions. These results offer valuable insights into consumer behaviour in the digital marketplace, particularly in the context of e-commerce platforms like Tokopedia, and can inform strategies for online retailers and marketers in optimising customer engagement and sales conversion.
INTENTION TO BLOOD DONATION: AN EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Setyawan Didik , Kristanti Monica , Sugiyarmasto Sugiyarmasto , Zailani Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Indonesian people are still reluctant to donate blood. Lack of information and low level of awareness are the causes of this phenomena. Social media has a role in delivering comprehensive information about blood donation. This study aimed at examining  the effects of social media in influencing individuals to donate blood. The quality of argumentation, interactive, and social media features can increase the positive attitude to donate blood and to establish blood donation intention. Data collection used were online questionnaire of @sahabatdonordarah Instagram followers as many as 200 respondents. The result of hypothesis testing using the AMOS Structural Equation Modeling analysis showed that the quality of argumentation and interactive social media had an effect on the positive attitude of blood donors in forming blood donation intentions, but it was not for social media features. These results indicated that the quality of the argumentation and interactive social media had a strong role in increasing the positive attitude of donating blood which could influence the intention to donate blood.
DETERMINANTS OF SHARIA RETIREMENT FINANCIAL PLANNING MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hasanah Nurul , Juwita Ratna , Fitriana Aprilia Nur , Syahidah Muthi'ah Rahmah , Djiwandono Ricardo Marcell Dimas
Published: December 2023

The research was motivated by a phenomenon where many retirees in Indonesia could not enjoy a prosperous retirement, and some even had to continue working to meet their living needs. Based on this phenomenon, financial planning is very important for well-being in old age and needs to be done early when someone is still in their productive period. However, the millennial generation, as the largest population of productive age, does not yet have financial planning for retirement. In line with Indonesian society, which is predominantly Muslim, the goal of finance is not only for peace in this world but also in the afterlife. For this reason, the research aims to analyze the factors determining the millennial generation's Islamic retirement financial planning. The research method used is SEM-PLS with the variables studied including financial literacy, clarity of retirement goals, and financial attitudes as mediating variables. The research results show that financial literacy and clarity of retirement goals directly influence financial attitudes, but do not influence sharia retirement financial planning. Apart from that, financial attitudes also show that the results do not affect sharia retirement financial planning. Financial attitudes do not mediate the influence of financial literacy and clarity of retirement goals on Sharia retirement financial planning. The results of this research can be used as consideration for the government and pension fund companies in determining strategies and policies to improve the welfare of the Indonesian population.
TAFSIR TEMATIK-SOSIAL
Authors: Akbar Faris Maulana , Rahman Yusuf
Published: December 2023

Artikel ini berusaha mengkaji gagasan tafsir M. Dawam Rahardjo melalui dua karyanya, Ensiklopedi Al-Qurʾan: Tafsir Sosial Berdasarkan Konsep-konsep Kunci dan Paradigma Al-Qurʾan: Metodologi Tafsir & Kritik Sosial. Dalam khazanah literatur tafsir Indonesia, dua karya Rahardjo tersebut tergolong unik, baru dan berbeda pada masa kemunculannya. Penyajian yang berbentuk ensiklopedis dan pembahasan yang mengangkat isu-isu sosial menjadikan karya ini bisa dianggap sebagai salah satu pelopor tafsir tematik-sosial. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dan pendekatan historis, artikel ini mencoba untuk menelusuri dan menelaah gagasan penafsiran dalam kedua karya tersebut secara hermeneutis untuk melihat bagaimana Rahardjo membaca Al-Qurʾan dalam menyikapi masalah sosial di masyarakat. Hasil kajian ini setidaknya menunjukkan tiga hal: pertama, bahwa penafsiran Rahardjo sejak awal diarahkan untuk merespons isu sosial yang sedang berlangsung pada masanya; kedua, pemikiran Rahardjo tergolong progresif pada masanya karena berupaya memecahkan masalah sosial dengan mengintegrasikan metode tafsir tematik dengan pendekatan ilmu sosial yang dikuasainya; ketiga, pembacaan hermeneutisnya terhadap Al-Qurʾan memungkinkan penafsirannya relevan dengan permasalahan yang ada di masyarakat.
Pseudo-Tumoral Colonic Tuberculosis: About a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: H Aouroud
Published: December 2023

Pseudo-tumoral colonic tuberculosis is very rare disease with various clinical manifestations and difficult diagnosis assessment. Our observation concerns the case of a 34 years old female patient with no pathological history in whom a pseudo-tumoral colonic tuberculosis was suspected on CT scan and confirmed on anatomical examination of the operative specimen.
Research Progress of Resveratrol in the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: December 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in clinic. Although there are various treatment methods, the overall curative effect is not effective. Resveratrol is an antitoxin secreted by plants when stimulated. It is a nonflavonoid polyphenol organic compound, which has many biological functions, such as antiplatelet aggregation, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant and so on. In recent 20 years, resveratrol has been found to have preventive and therapeutic effects on a variety of cancers. This paper reviews the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by resveratrol from the aspects of tumor prevention, tumor microenvironment, tumor metabolism, invasion and metastasis.
Pancreatitis-Panniculitis-Polyarthritis (PPP) Syndrome with Plexopathy
Authors: RK Jagdish
Published: December 2023

Triple P Syndrome or “Pancreatitis-Panniculitis-Polyarthritis (PPP) syndrome is a syndrome with unclear physiopathology comprising of rare pancreatic disease complications. There is very limited literature , mostly available in the case report forms, about this syndrome of pancreatitis along with extra-pancreatic manifestations like panniculitis and polyarthritis, and therefore often called “triple P” or ‘PPP syndrome’. We report a patient with 4th “P” which is Plexopathy in a patient with this “Triple P” syndrome. There is scanty literature and information about this type of presentation especially “4 P syndrome, instead of 3 P Syndrome”.
Antegrade Gastric Variceal Embolization Simultaneously With Tips in Treatment of Patients with Acute Gastric Variceal Bleeding Having Unfavorable Gastric Variceal Anatomy
Authors: Patidar Yashwant
Published: December 2023

Gastric varices bleed at a lower Porto systemic pressure, have more catastrophic consequences and associated with large Porto systemic shunts. Occluded retrograde Trans-venous obliteration (RTO) is the mainstay of therapy for gastric variceal bleeding refractory to endoscopic therapy. A favorable afferent (Kiyosue type 1) and efferent (Kiyosue type A) anatomy of gastric varices is required for successful and safe RTO. Complex modifications in the RTO procedure are required for unfavorable afferent and efferent anatomies with high failure rates. RTO is not feasible in a type D efferent anatomy. RTO may aggravate potential complications associated with portal hypertension (ascites, catastrophic esophageal variceal bleeding). Antegrade gastric variceal embolization in adjunct to TIPS placement offers a safe, easier and effective alternative to modified RTO for gastric varices with unfavorable afferent and efferent anatomy. Concomitant placement of a TIPS stent leads to portal decompression and diminishes the risks associated with aggravation of portal hypertension. In this review, we discuss the anatomic and hemodynamic classification of gastric varices and describe the advantages of antegrade embolization (+TIPS) over RTO for management of gastric variceal bleeding in patients with complex variceal anatomies.