bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal and functional interrelationships between bacterioplankton communities and the development of a toxigenic Microcystis bloom in a lowland European reservoir
Authors: Mankiewicz-Boczek Joanna , Font-Nájera Arnoldo
Published: November 2022

The cyanobacteria-associated microbiome is constantly reshaped by bloom development. However, the synergistic-antagonistic nature of the relationships betweenMicrocystisand its microbiome still remains unclear. Therefore, temporal changes of bacterioplankton communities and their functional potential through different developing stages of aMicrocystistoxigenic bloom were investigated, considering bacterioplankton assemblages as particle-attached (PAB) and free-living (FLB) bacteria. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that PAB were represented by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, while FLB by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Network and ordination analyses indicated that PAB inter-relationships were more complex—numerous connections between taxa with stronger correlations, than FLB—rather influenced by physico-chemical parameters. PAB in pre-summer was diverse with Proteobacteria containing potential taxa involved in nitrogen-transforming processes. In mid-summer, PAB presented a mix-bloom dominated bySnowella,Aphanizomenon, andMicrocystis, which were succeeded by toxigenicMicrocystisin post-summer. Both periods were associated to potential taxa with parasitic/predatory lifestyles against cyanobacteria. In post-summer, Sutterellaceae were recognized as poor water quality indicators, and their strong association withMicrocystiscould have represented an increased threat for that period.Microcystiswas a major factor significantly reducing PAB diversity and evenness, suggesting that it negatively influenced bacterioplankton assemblages, probably also altering the overall community functional potential.
Safety evaluations of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide administered intravenously in rats and dogs
Authors: Cresti Laura , Falciani Chiara , Cappello Giovanni , Brunetti Jlenia , Vailati Silvia , Melloni Elsa , Bracci Luisa , Pini Alessandro
Published: November 2022

The antimicrobial peptide SET-M33 is under study for the development of a new antibiotic against major Gram-negative pathogens. Here we report the toxicological evaluation of SET-M33 administered intravenously to rats and dogs. Dose range finding experiments determined the doses to use in toxicokinetic evaluation, clinical biochemistry analysis, necroscopy and in neurological and respiratory measurements. Clinical laboratory investigations in dogs and rats showed a dose-related increase in creatinine and urea levels, indicating that the kidneys are the target organ. This was also confirmed by necroscopy studies of animal tissues, where signs of degeneration and regeneration were found in kidney when SET-M33 was administered at the highest doses in the two animal species. Neurological toxicity measurements by the Irwin method and respiratory function evaluation in rats did not reveal any toxic effect even at the highest dose. Finally, repeated administration of SET-M33 by short infusion in dogs revealed a no-observed-adverse-effect-level of 0.5 mg/kg/day.
Co/N-doped carbon nanospheres derived from an adenine-based metal organic framework enabled high-efficiency electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Chen Jie , Gong Tao , Hou Qian , Li Jun , Zhang Longcheng , Zhao Donglin , Luo Yongsong , Zheng Dongdong , Li Tingshuai , Sun Shengjun , Cai Zhengwei , Liu Qian , Xie Lisi , Wu Min , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Sun Xuping
Published: November 2022

Co/N-doped carbon nanospheres act as a superb catalyst for ambient NH3synthesisviaelectrochemical NO3−reduction, attaining a large NH3yield of 758.0 μmol h−1mgcat.−1and a high faradaic efficiency of up to 96.5%.
Orthogonal protein decoration of DNA nanostructures based on SpyCatcher–SpyTag interaction
Authors: Kröll Sandra , Schneider Leonie , Wadhwani Parvesh , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: November 2022

The SpyCatcher–SpyTag system (SC–ST) was used to efficiently couple sensitive ketoreductases to DNA origami, allowing for the study of their biocatalytic activity after immobilization.
Liquid-like and solid-like acetonitrile intercalated into graphite oxide as studied by the spin probe technique
Authors: Astvatsaturov Dmitry A. , Kokorin Alexander I. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya. , Chumakova Natalia A.
Published: November 2022

The molecular mobility of acetonitrile intercalated into the inter-plane space of graphite oxide was studied using the spin probe technique.
Reconstruction of LiF-rich interphases through an anti-freezing electrolyte for ultralow-temperature LiCoO2 batteries
Authors: Liu Jipeng , Yuan Botao , He Niandong , Dong Liwei , Chen Dongjiang , Zhong Shijie , Ji Yuanpeng , Han Jiecai , Yang Chunhui , Liu Yuanpeng , He Weidong
Published: November 2022

With iso-butyl formate (IF) as anti-freezing agent, a fluorine–sulfur electrolyte is designed to achieve low coordination number, high desolvation energy and stable LiF-rich interphase, and enables the stable operation of an electric fan at −70 °C.
Nano and submicron fluorescent polystyrene particles internalization and translocation in seedlings ofCichorium endiviaL.
Authors: Muccifora Simonetta , Giorgetti Lucia , Corsini Maddalena , Di Florio Giuseppe , Bellani Lorenza
Published: November 2022

Consequence of polystyrene particles size and concentration in plant tissues contamination.
Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,2-dione: a new electron acceptor for electrochromic conjugated polymers
Authors: Vo Tung Phuc , Chua Ming Hui , Ang Shi Jun , Chin Kang Le Osmund , Soo Xiang Yun Debbie , Png Zhuang Mao , Tam Teck Lip Dexter , Zhu Qiang , Procter David John , Xu Jianwei
Published: November 2022

A series of conjugated polymers containing a novel electron acceptor, which is analogous to phthalimide and can be synthesized by Diels Alder reaction between maleimide and 1,2,4-triazine, were found to exhibit promising electrochromic properties.
Exciplex polymer with strong AIE for constructing fully-solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes with 100-fold efficiency improvement compared to physically blended exciplex
Authors: Ban Xinxin , Qiu Suyu , Cao Qingpeng , Zhang Kaizhi , Zhou Tao , Xu Hui , Pei Ming , Ge Fengjie , Tong Zhiwei , Jiang Wei
Published: November 2022

Transferring the exciplex concept to polymeric systems should be a productive way to unify two functional components to obtain a powerful union.
In situ surface/interface generation on Cu2O nanostructures toward enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene using operando spectroscopy
Authors: Chang Fangfang , Liu Yongpeng , Wei Juncai , Yang Lin , Bai Zhengyu
Published: November 2022

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RRs), an efficient method of converting carbon dioxide into valuable fuels and chemicals, are attractive as well as challenging.
In situ electrochemical synthesis of Pd aerogels as highly efficient anodic electrocatalysts for alkaline fuel cells
Authors: Wang Chen , Gao Wei , Wan Xinhao , Yao Bin , Mu Wenjing , Gao Jie , Fu Qiangang , Wen Dan
Published: November 2022

Pd aerogels were obtained by the in situ electrochemical activation of PdOx aerogels and functioned as highly efficient anodic electrocatalysts towards the oxidation of various fuels in alkaline solution for potential fuel cell applications.
Benzoates as photosensitization catalysts and auxiliaries in efficient, practical, light-powered direct C(sp3)–H fluorinations
Authors: Yakubov Shahboz , Stockerl Willibald J. , Tian Xianhai , Shahin Ahmed , Mandigma Mark John P. , Gschwind Ruth M. , Barham Joshua P.
Published: November 2022

Benzoates serve as catalysts or auxiliaries for photochemical EnT radical C(sp3)–H fluorinations. The auxiliary markedly increases scope and efficiency, enabling reactions of free alcohols, amines, and allowing rapid gram-scale fluorinations in air.
Controlling mechanical properties of ultrahigh molecular weight ion gels by chemical structure of ionic liquids and monomers
Authors: Kamiyama Yuji , Tamate Ryota , Fujii Kenta , Ueki Takeshi
Published: November 2022

The effect of ionic liquid and monomer structures on the mechanical properties of ultrahigh molecular weight ion gels was investigated.
Leptin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cheng Daobin , Jie Chunxiao , Liu Tao , Huang Shixiong , Hu Shijun
Published: November 2022

Background: Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key factor for the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS), the leading disease in terms of global disability and fatality rates. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) may be a target against CIRI and that leptin, a peptide hormone, has neuroprotective activity to mitigate CIRI.

Methods: An in vitro CIRI model was induced in primary cortical neurons by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) after pretreatment with LY294002 (10 µmol/L) and/or leptin (0.4 mg/L), and cell viability, neuronal morphology and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction were evaluated. An in vivo CIRI model was established in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) after the injection of LY294002 (10 μmol/L) and/or leptin (1 mg/kg), and neurological function, infarct volume, cerebral pathological changes, the expression of ERS-related proteins and cell apoptosis were examined.

Results: In vitro, leptin treatment improved the cell survival rate, ameliorated neuronal pathological morphology and alleviated OGD/R-induced ERS. In vivo, administration of leptin significantly reduced the infarct volume, neurological deficit scores and neuronal apoptosis as well as pathological alterations. In addition, leptin suppressed MCAO/R-induced ERS and may decrease apoptosis by inhibiting ERS-related death and caspase 3 activation. It also regulated expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the proapoptotic protein Bax in the cortex. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of leptin on ERS was significantly decreased by the effective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002.

Conclusions: These results confirm that ERS plays an important role in CIRI and that leptin can inhibit the activation of ERS through the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby alleviating CIRI. These findings provide novel therapeutic targets for IS.
CMOS voltage‐controlled oscillator using inductive dual‐balance source degeneration
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hsin , Liang Jyun‐Fu
Published: November 2022

This study reports a voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) implemented in a 0.18‐μm CMOS process. By utilizing an inductive dual‐balance source degeneration (IDSD) technique with a current‐reused structure, the proposed VCO improves the phase noise and the power dissipation. The measured output frequency operates at 2.91–3.07 GHz by adjusting a control voltage from 0 to 1.1 V. The measured phase noise of the carrier of 2.94 GHz is −117.44 and −138.34 dBc/Hz at 1‐ and 10‐MHz offsets, respectively. The proposed VCO core consumes 2.38 mW from a supply voltage of 1.1 V. The figures‐of‐merits (FOMs) of the proposed VCO at 1‐ and 10‐MHz offsets are −183.04 dBc/Hz and −183.94 dBc/Hz, respectively.
A combined BP‐MF algorithm for wideband off‐grid DOA estimation with DP prior
Authors: Li Mengge , Lu Xinhua , Li Ji , Guan Shanwen
Published: November 2022

Direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation based on sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework has attracted extensive attention. The accuracy of on‐grid DOA estimation is restricted by the prescribed grid, while off‐grid approaches resolves the problem of grid mismatch partly. This letter deals with off‐grid DOA estimation problem of wideband signals. A factor graph is designed to describe the problem with Dirichlet process (DP) prior, which clusters the sparse structure of wideband signals. The authors employ the combined belief propagation‐mean field (BP‐MF) rule on the factor graph and lead to a message passing algorithm. Simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed combined BP‐MF algorithm for off‐grid DOA estimation compared to other state‐of‐art methods.
Optimization of stator ventilation structure of high‐speed railway traction motor based on the genetic algorithm
Authors: Cao Junci , Yan Hua , Li Wenlong , Li Dong , Wang Yu
Published: November 2022

Aiming at the problems of high power density and difficult heat dissipation of high‐speed train traction motors, this study takes a 600 kW asynchronous traction motor as a research object and optimises the motor cooling structure through the fluid‐structure coupled heat transfer analysis and genetic algorithm. Based on the principles of fluid dynamics and heat transfer, the motor's fluid flow and heat transfer laws are calculated and analysed, and the calculation accuracy is verified by the experimental data. Based on exploring the influence of the stator ventilation aperture and the number on motor fluid and temperature, aiming to reduce the maximum temperature of each motor component, a bivariate multi‐objective mathematical model of stator ventilation aperture and number is established, and the optimal solution is found with the help of the genetic algorithm. Finally, the optimisation effect is verified by comparing the motor temperature before and after optimisation.
Driver identification through vehicular CAN bus data: An ensemble deep learning approach
Authors: Hu Hongyu , Liu Jiarui , Chen Guoying , Zhao Yuting , Men Yuzhuo , Wang Pin
Published: November 2022

Driver identification using in‐vehicle data is receiving considerable attention in the field of intelligent transportation owing to the advances in deep learning (DL). In order to improve accuracy and robustness of identification, this paper proposes an ensemble deep learning framework that integrates a modified one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (M 1‐D CNN) and bidirectional long short‐term memory (BLSTM) to improve the performance and robustness of driver identification using information extracted from vehicular CAN‐bus signals. The M 1‐D CNN architecture is developed by adopting inception blocks, residual connection, and global average pooling to obtain optimal deep‐feature representations of local time series. The BLSTM is used to learn the bidirectional long‐term temporal dependencies. Results of extensive experiments using real driving data show that the proposed ensemble DL model can improve the accuracy and robustness of driver identification. Furthermore, four data augmentation methods, namely up‐sampling, adding noise, data reversal, and random drifting, are used to expand the original training data to improve the performance of the ensemble method. Especially, few‐shot learning is performed using the four data augmentation methods, and it shows excellent potential for driver identification with limited data.
A combination of novel hybrid deep learning model and quantile regression for short‐term deterministic and probabilistic PV maximum power forecasting
Authors: Tuyen Nguyen Duc , Thanh Nguyen Trong , Huu Vu Xuan Son , Fujita Goro
Published: November 2022

Recently, the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources in power system, especially photovoltaic (PV) systems, has caused severe technical issues due to its randomness and dependency on primary sources. Therefore, precise output power forecast is vital for both system operators and PV system owners to improve grid stability and generation quality, respectively. This article proposes a novel hybrid deep learning model named EDSACL comprising four components, namely, convolutional neural network (CNN), long short‐term memory (LSTM), self‐attention mechanism (SAm), and residual learning (RL) strategy for short‐term PV maximum power prediction with forecast horizon of 1, 2, and 4 h. This proposed model initially extracts spatial‐temporal features of input data based on CNN and LSTM before using SAm to achieve hidden features of LSTM layers. RL strategy is employed to maintain the information flow entering the network. Besides, interval prediction is also implemented based on a combination of the EDSACL model and quantile regression with different probabilities. The forecast accuracy of the proposed model is validated based on two real‐world data sets. The predicted results show the superiority of the proposed model over numerous predictive models; in particular, mean absolute percentage error values of the proposed hybrid model are under 6% in all case studies.
Direct‐Drive wave energy conversion with linear generator: A review of research status and challenges
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yu Haitao , Chen Minshuo
Published: November 2022

Ocean wave energy is sustainable and renewable energy, wave energy conversion (WEC) effectively solves the disadvantage of traditional power system with fossil energy. WEC system is the power generation process that converts wave kinetic energy of undulation and swing into electric energy, and direct‐drive WEC system (D‐DWEC) converts wave energy into electric power directly by linear generator to improve the efficiency. At present, the research of WEC system has the characteristic of interdisciplinary, multi‐system integration, engineering application, and commercial operation. This paper summarizes the types, principle, and classification of WEC system, mainly focusing on the aspects of the kinds and characteristics of linear generators used in D‐DWEC system, power post‐processing, and power control methods. At the end of the paper, giving the development trend and challenges of D‐DWEC technology, the research of ocean complementary energy generation platform with offshore wind, solar and ocean wave energy is analysed. It shows that the platform has advantages owing to stable power output, efficient utilization, ocean saving‐space, and power generation cost reduction.
Effects of solar evolution on finite acquisition time of Fabry–Perot interferometers in high resolution solar physics
Authors: Schlichenmaier R. , Pitters D. , Borrero J. M. , Schubert M.
Published: November 2022

Context. The Visible Tunable Filter (VTF) imaging spectropolarimeter will be operated at the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) in Hawaii. Due to its capability in resolving dynamic fine structure of smaller than 0.05 arcsec, the finite acquisition time of typically 11 s affects the measurement process and potentially causes errors in deduced physical parameters.

Aims. We estimate these errors and investigate ways of minimising them.

Methods. We mimicked the solar surface using a magnetohydrodynamic simulation with a spatially averaged vertical field strength of 200 G. We simulated the measurement process scanning through successive wavelength points with a temporal cadence of 1 s. We synthesised Fe 1617.3 nm for corresponding snapshots. In addition to the classical composition of the line profile, we introduce a novel method where the intensity in each wavelength point is normalised using the simultaneous continuum intensity, and then multiplied by the temporal mean of the continuum intensity. Milne-Eddington inversions were used to infer the line-of-sight velocity, vlos, and the vertical (longitudinal) component of the magnetic field, Blos.

Results. We quantify systematic errors, defining the temporal average of the simulation during the measurement as the truth. We find that with the classical composition of the line profiles, errors exceed the sensitivity for vlos, and in filigree regions also for Blos. The novel method that includes normalisation reduces the measurement errors in all cases. Spatial binning without reducing the acquisition time decreases the measurement error slightly.

Conclusions. The evolutionary timescale in inter-granular lanes, in particular in areas with magnetic features (filigree), is shorter than the timescale within granules. Hence, depending on the science objective, fewer accumulations could be used for strong magnetic field in inter-granular lanes and more accumulations could be used for the weak granular magnetic fields. As a key result of this investigation, we suggest including the novel method of normalisation in corresponding data pipelines.
Intramural Jejunal Hematoma Causing Intermittent Bowel Obstruction—A Rare Manifestation of Warfarin Toxicity
Authors: Patil Arun S. , Shriya Shriya , Dhimole Nikhil , More Jalbaji
Published: November 2022

Patients with thromboembolic disorders are commonly on anticoagulants; hence, they are susceptible to bleeding episodes such as ecchymosis, gingival, subconjunctival bleeding, and rarely can have intramural hematoma of small bowel causing patient to present with intestinal obstruction. It is a rare cause of mechanical bowel obstruction requiring a nonsurgical management.

Our patient was a 55-year-old male, a known case of thromboembolism on warfarin medication, presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. Patient's laboratory reports reflected anemia and deranged coagulation profile with prothrombin time and international normalized ratio, both being elevated. Intramural hematoma of jejunum was diagnosed by abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Conservative management was done, warfarin was stopped and vitamin K was administered. Patient received fresh frozen plasma and packed cell blood.

It is important to suspect warfarin toxicity in patients on the medication who come with such presentation to avoid surgical management, which could be catastrophic due to excessive bleeding. It is important for regular monitoring of coagulation profile of such patients and to reduce prescribing other medications that can interact with warfarin. It is worth noting that novel oral anticoagulants, such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban, are associated with fewer side effects and do not require close laboratory monitoring.
Rapunzel Syndrome: A Case of Trichobezoar with Small Bowel Complications
Authors: Narra Ramakrishna , Guntamukkala Anusha , Rao Chanda Bhaskara , Begum Tanveer
Published: November 2022

Introduction Rapunzel syndrome is characterized by a large trichobezoar in the stomach with a tail extending beyond the pylorus into the small bowel, causing mechanical obstruction of the small bowel. A 7-year-old girl presented to the emergency room with severe epigastric pain. Computed tomography suggested trichobezoar causing jejuno-jejunal intussusceptions, bowel wall thickening, and dilated small bowel loops proximal to the obstruction. On laparotomy, two concealed perforations were noted at the duodenojejunal (DJ) junction and 40 cm distal to the DJ junction. An enterotomy incision was given at the antimesenteric border of the distal jejunal perforation site, and the mass was successfully extracted. Primary repair was done at the DJ perforation site, and resection was followed by an end-to-end anastomosis at the distal jejunal perforation site. Surgery confirmed a complex mass of tangled hair within the gastric cavity with a tail extending into the pylorus of the stomach and small intestine, consistent with trichobezoar.

Conclusion Computed tomography is superior to other radiological imaging modalities for diagnosing trichobezoars as it helps diagnose and demonstrate mechanical bowel complications.
Exploring Effects of the HEP (Homeostasis-Enrichment-Plasticity) Approach as a Comprehensive Therapy Intervention for an Infant with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
Authors: Balıkcı Aymen
Published: November 2022

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common non-progressive neurodevelopmental disorder which causes developmental disabilities in children. Varied interventions for CP exist to address medical and physical needs but with limited effectiveness evidence. Environmental enrichment (EE) is an animal model intervention for many neurodevelopmental disorders, including CP, with considerable positive effects. This case report defines the Homeostasis-Enrichment-Plasticity (HEP) approach, which is based upon principles of EE and ecological theories of development and describes its use to promote the developmental and functional skills of an infant with CP. Parent interviews and assessment data were completed before and after intervention. For the interested parameters data was gathered by developmental history, systematic observation of behaviors in the clinical setting and at home, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Infant-Toddler Symptom Checklist, the Sensory Proﬁle Infant/Toddler, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2, Gross Motor Function Measurement-88 (GMFM-88), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The HEP approach intervention was implemented one time per week for 12 months. Following the HEP approach intervention, self-regulation and sensory processing scores improved. GMFM-88 total score improved from 45/264 to 123/264. The Peabody found all gross motor (54–110), fine motor (65–117), and total motor quotient (119–227) scores improved after intervention. Post-intervention observations showed obvious gross motor progress with movement from GMFCS Level IV to Level I. Performance on the Functional Skills Scales and Caregiver Assistance Scales of PEDI also demonstrated notable improvements. BAI scores revealed low anxiety scores for both the mother (13/63 points) and father (14/63) before intervention. These scores did not change after intervention. A definition and detailed description of the HEP approach intervention is presented here for the first time. The case report demonstrated preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of the HEP approach on self-regulation, sensory processing, motor development, functional skills, and caregiver assistance with an infant with CP. Additional studies are needed to validate the findings.
Peri-appendicular Abscess in a Spigelian Hernia
Authors: Aoun Rany , Akel Rhea , Noun Roger , Chakhtoura Ghassan
Published: November 2022

Background Spigelian hernias are a rare type of lateral ventral abdominal hernia and their content can include any of the intra-abdominal organs. Many cases have described the presence of a variety of abdominal organs in Spigelian hernias, but only few cases report the presence of an incarcerated appendicitis. Imaging is an important step in the diagnosis to avoid the lack of knowledge in such cases. Surgical treatment can be through open or laparoscopic approach, with or without using a mesh according to the size of the defect.

Case Report We report a case of an 82-year-old patient who presented with an acute appendicitis with peri-appendicular abscess strangulated in a right Spigelian hernia. The patient was successfully treated by a laparoscopic appendectomy, a surgical drainage of the abscess, and direct muscle approximation without using of mesh due to inflammation.

Conclusion Spigelian hernias with acute appendicitis in their content are a very rare condition. Clinical diagnosis is usually difficult and challenging and computed tomography scan is the imaging modality of choice. The treatment is surgical.
Irrigation with Bupivacaine at the Surgical Bed for Postoperative Shoulder Tip and Abdominal Pain Relief after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Iqbal Affan , Khodavirdipour Amir , Ravishankar HR
Published: November 2022

Gallstones in western countries are primarily composed of cholesterol. However, mixed or pigment stones, which contain a higher proportion of bilirubin, are more frequently seen in developing nations and Asia than in western countries. Abdominal and shoulder tip pains (STPs) are common complaints following the standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure. To date, all pain management modalities have proven variable outcomes. This prospective randomized study included 82 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The control group received 20 mL of normal saline, whereas the study group received a 20-mL instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine at the gallbladder bed after surgical resection. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to analyze abdominal pain and STP. The mean age ranged from 20 to 80 years. Abdominal VAS at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 48 hours were statistically insignificant. The majority were discharged on postoperative day 1 (32 studies, 37 control). Follow-up VAS after 1 week for STP VAS and abdominal pain VAS in both groups were statistically insignificant. Even with small numbers of a well-conducted randomized trial, we demonstrated that bupivacaine irrigation at the gallbladder bedpost laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not affect pain relief.
Peri-Intubation Cardiorespiratory Arrest Risk in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Patel Riddhi , Kunnel Elizabeth , Villarreal Enrique G. , Farias Juan S. , Flores Saul
Published: November 2022

Endotracheal intubation is associated with an increased risk of cardiorespiratory arrest. Various factors modulate the risk of peri-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest. The primary objective of this study was to determine the risk of peri-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest in pediatric patients in a hospital setting, and the secondary objective was to determine the effect of various factors on the peri-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest risk. A systematic review was performed to identify eligible manuscripts. Studies were deemed appropriate if they included pediatric patients in a hospital setting not exclusively intubated for an indication of cardiorespiratory arrest. Data were extracted from studies deemed eligible for inclusion. A pooled risk of cardiorespiratory arrest was determined. A Bayesian linear regression was conducted to model the risk of cardiorespiratory arrest. All data used in this were study-level data. A total of 11 studies with 14,424 intubations were included in the final analyses. The setting for six (54.5%) studies was the emergency department. The baseline adjusted risk for peri-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest in pediatric patients was 3.78%. The mean coefficient for a respiratory indication for intubation was −0.06, indicating that a respiratory indication for intubation reduced the per-intubation cardiorespiratory arrest risk by 0.06%. The mean coefficient for use of ketamine was 0.07, the mean coefficient for use of a benzodiazepine was −0.14, the mean coefficient for use of a vagolytic was −0.01, and the mean coefficient for use of neuromuscular blockade was −0.40. Pediatric patients during the peri-intubation period have the risk of developing cardiorespiratory arrest. The pooled findings demonstrate associations that seem to highlight the importance of maintaining adequate systemic oxygen delivery to limit this risk.
Single-family courtyard houses in Poland: conditions and perspectives for development based on the example of Krakow
Authors: Homiński Bartłomiej
Published: November 2022

Single-family courtyard houses, with spaces oriented towards an internal, private patio, became popular in Western Europe in the 1960s and 1970s. In Poland, courtyard developments are infrequent and were mostly built in the 1970s and 1980s. This study aims to improve our understanding of their low popularity. Poles seem to prefer traditional housing solutions, clearly favouring detached houses, considered to provide the most comfort, privacy, and safety. More than half of the country’s population lives in such buildings, considerably more than the European average. This study suggests that planning conditions along with land registry patterns are fundamental barriers to the development of courtyard housing. In practice, they eliminate the potential for building new complexes of this type. In a broader context, planning conditions reinforce the dominance of traditional, less dense forms of single-family development, primarily those of detached development. This paper posits that there are no favourable conditions for new courtyard housing developments if they are to be based on market fundamentals. Courtyard housing could, however, as in the period of its inception and popularity, become part of an extensive housing experiment, for instance, in national or regional pilot projects, and contribute to animation and progression in housing development.
Advanced thermal sensing techniques for characterizing the physical properties of skin
Authors: Madhvapathy Surabhi R. , Arafa Hany M. , Patel Manish , Winograd Joshua , Kong Jessy , Zhu Jason , Xu Shuai , Rogers John A.
Published: November 2022

Measurements of the thermal properties of the skin can serve as the basis for a noninvasive, quantitative characterization of dermatological health and physiological status. Applications range from the detection of subtle spatiotemporal changes in skin temperature associated with thermoregulatory processes, to the evaluation of depth-dependent compositional properties and hydration levels, to the assessment of various features of microvascular/macrovascular blood flow. Examples of recent advances for performing such measurements include thin, skin-interfaced systems that enable continuous, real-time monitoring of the intrinsic thermal properties of the skin beyond its superficial layers, with a path to reliable, inexpensive instruments that offer potential for widespread use as diagnostic tools in clinical settings or in the home. This paper reviews the foundational aspects of the latest thermal sensing techniques with applicability to the skin, summarizes the various devices that exploit these concepts, and provides an overview of specific areas of application in the context of skin health. A concluding section presents an outlook on the challenges and prospects for research in this field.
Chiral, magnetic, molecule-based materials: A chemical path toward spintronics and quantum nanodevices
Authors: Forment-Aliaga Alicia , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro
Published: November 2022

In this Perspective article, we briefly present the current state and discuss some future perspectives on hybrid molecular spintronics and smart molecular spintronics materials. We discuss the role of the chirality induced spin selectivity effect, where molecular chirality can be employed to manipulate spin states, potentially also including quantum coherent spin qubit states. We comment on some of the challenges and suggest future potential of magnetic biomolecules and chemical modification of 2D materials for these purposes.
Flow patterns of blood post-application of cross-clamp during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Bhuyan Dheeman , Pallekonda Ramesh Babu , Kalita Jyoti Prasad
Published: November 2022

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a common procedure carried out to provide a fluid-free and motionless work field at the time of cardiac surgical procedures. To achieve CPB, cannulation of the aorta, that is, insertion of the aortic cannula into the aorta to complete the extracorporeal blood flow circuit, is essential. The flow patterns of blood during CPB are very different from physiological flow, and as blood from the heart–lung machine enters the aorta, which is never fully evacuated, these flow patterns are of particular importance. This work focusses on the flow patterns of the blood as it enters the aorta post-placement of the cross-clamp. The investigation showed the high-velocity impingement of blood on the aortic wall resulting in the “Sandblasting” effect. High fluid shear rates are also seen in regions of the flow field. It also showed the recirculation patterns and the formation of eddies as well as the splashing of blood within the aorta, originating at the point of impingement. Retrograde flow was also observed during the initial few seconds of the procedure.
Deep learning for predicting frequency lock-in of a freely vibrating sphere
Authors: Chizfahm Amir , Jaiman Rajeev
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we present a deep learning-based reduced-order model (DL-ROM) for the stability prediction of unsteady three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction systems. The proposed DL-ROM has the format of a nonlinear state-space model and employs a recurrent neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM) cells. We consider a canonical fluid–structure system of an elastically mounted sphere coupled with the incompressible fluid flow in a state-space format. Specifically, we develop a nonlinear data-driven coupling for predicting the unsteady forces and the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) lock-in of the freely vibrating sphere in a transverse direction. We design an input–output relationship as a temporal sequence of force and displacement datasets for a low-dimensional approximation of the fluid–structure system. Based on the prior knowledge of the VIV lock-in process, the input function contains a range of frequencies and amplitudes, which significantly affects the system realization ability and enables an efficient DL-ROM without the need for a massive training dataset for the low-dimensional modeling. Once trained, the network provides a nonlinear mapping of input–output dynamics that can predict the coupled fluid–structure dynamics for a longer horizon via the feedback process. By integrating the LSTM network with the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA), we construct a data-driven state-space model for the reduced-order stability analysis. We investigate the underlying mechanism and stability characteristics of VIV of a freely vibrating sphere via an eigenvalue selection process. Using the reduced-order eigenvalue analysis, we characterize the vibrating sphere-wake lock-in phenomenon and demonstrate that the lock-in responds at preferred vibration frequencies. To understand the frequency lock-in mechanism, we study the eigenvalue trajectories for a range of the reduced oscillation frequencies and the mass ratios. Consistent with the full-order simulations, the frequency lock-in branches are accurately captured by the combined LSTM-ERA procedure. The proposed DL-ROM aligns with the development of physics-based digital twin of engineering systems involving moving boundaries and fluid–structure interactions.
Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics of Rhodamine B with graphene oxide
Authors: Li Dong , He Xiaoxiao , Zhao Litao , Li Haoyang , Zhang Xiaolei , Chen Jinquan , Jin Qingyuan , Xu Jianhua
Published: November 2022

Graphene and its derivatives, due to their two-dimensional carbon nanostructures, have provided new opportunities to fortify organic dye-based photovoltaic and photocatalytic assemblies. In this article, we employed organic dyes Rhodamine B (RdB) and graphene oxide (GO) [or reduced graphene oxide (RGO)] to assemble the composite materials RdB–GO and RdB–RGO. It was found that both GO and RGO could strongly quench the fluorescence (FL) intensity of RdB. The mechanisms of FL quenching in both RdB–GO and RdB–RGO have been investigated by using femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion and transient absorption spectroscopy. When RdB was anchored on the GO (or RGO) surface, the solvent relaxation component 3.1 ps of pure RdB disappeared; instead, the ultrafast excited state electron transfer process (1–2ps) in RdB-GO and RdB-RGO was found and originated from the LUMO of RdB to the conduction band of GO (or RGO). We further reveal that the energy level change caused by GO reduction makes the energy levels of RGO closer to those of RdB, resulting in the electron transfer being more effective in RdB–RGO. Therefore, the RdB–RGO composite materials may have higher application values for dye-sensitized solar cells.
Feature-based analysis of a turbulent boundary layer under spanwise wall oscillation
Authors: Kempaiah Kushal U. , Scarano Fulvio
Published: November 2022

Spanwise wall oscillations alter the organization of low-speed streaks and ejections in turbulent boundary layers, eventually leading to skin friction drag reduction. Such flow regimes are represented by pointwise statistics or spatial correlation. This work attempts to quantify the systematic distortions of the dominant turbulent structures by feature-analysis, intended to overcome the dispersion observed in pointwise statistics and correlation functions. Furthermore, data from tomographic particle image velocimetry are employed to clarify the mechanism that inhibits hairpin auto-generation, as described in Kempaiah et al. [“3-dimensional particle image velocimetry based evaluation of turbulent skin-friction reduction by spanwise wall oscillation,” Phys. Fluids 32(8), 085111 (2020)]. Based on the instantaneous distribution of Reynolds stresses, a specific spatial template is defined for low-speed streaks and flow ejections. Events corresponding to this template are collected and parametrized with their occurrence, geometrical properties (length and orientation), and dynamics (intensity). The approach is compared with most practiced statistical analysis to explain the significance of the features extracted by the detection algorithm in relation to the drag reduction mechanism. Data comparing stationary and oscillating wall in a drag-reducing regime (A+osc = 100, T+osc = 100) are investigated in the near-wall region (y+ < 100). Ejections and low-speed streaks systematically exhibit a positive pitch, supporting the hypothesis that only the rear region, close to the wall, is affected by the wall motion. A side-tilt of elongated ejection events is observed past the phase of maximum oscillation velocity, which is hypothesized to inhibit hairpin auto-generation. The latter indicates a phase dependence of the side-tilt in the oscillating regime. The results also indicate that low-speed streaks and ejection events are reduced by approximately 10% and 15%, respectively, compared with the stationary wall, further consolidating the mechanism of rapid lateral distortion being responsible for the different organizations of the turbulent structures in the near-wall region.
Phototactic isotropic scattering bioconvection with oblique irradiation
Authors: Kumar Sandeep
Published: November 2022

The phenomenon of collective movements of microorganisms is referred to as “bioconvection.” Negative phototaxis refers to motions directed away from the source of illumination, and positive phototaxis refers to motions directed in that direction. In this study, numerical analysis is performed on both the steady-state and linear stability solutions of the isotropic scattering suspension with oblique collimated irradiation. The bottom boundary is taken to be rigid and the top is either stress-free or rigid. The governing equations are solved using a fourth-order Newton–Raphson–Kantorovich iteration-based finite-difference accurate method. Through variation in the angle of incidence, we found two different types of nature for lower and higher scattering albedo in the basic state concentration profile. In the case of a rigid (or stress-free) upper boundary, the bioconvection solutions are generally oscillatory (or stationary) and more stable (or unstable). The scattering model coincides with the up-swimming model at higher wavenumbers.
Impact of the new 12C+12C reaction rate on presupernova nucleosynthesis*
Authors: Xin Wenyu , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Zhao Gang , Wu Wenbo
Published: November 2022

The 12C+12C reaction rate plays an essential role in stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. Nevertheless, the uncertainties of this reaction rate are still large. We calculate a series of stellar evolution models with the near solar abundance from the zero-age main-sequence through presupernova stages for initial masses of 20 M

to 40 M

. The 12C+12C reaction rates from two different studies are used in our investigation. One is the rate obtained using the Trojan Horse Method (THM) by Tumino et al. [Nature 557(7707), 687 (2018)], and the other was obtained by Mukhamedzhanov et al. [Physical Review C 99(6), 064618 (2019)] (Muk19). Then, comparisons of the nucleosynthesis and presupernova isotopic abundances are conducted. In particular, we find that in the C burning shell, models with the THM produce a smaller amount of 23Na and some neutron-rich isotopes than Muk19. The difference in the abundance ratios of Na/Mg, S/Mg, Ar/Mg, and K/Mg between the two models are apparent. We compare Na/Mg obtained from our theoretical presupernovae models with Na/Mg in stellar atmospheres observed with high-resolution spectra as well as from the latest galactic chemical evolution model. Although Na/Mg obtained using the THM is within 2σ of the observed stellar ratio, the theoretical uncertainty on Na/Mg introduced by the uncertainty of the 12C+12C reaction rate is almost equivalent to the standard deviation of astronomical observations. Therefore, a more accurate 12C+12C reaction rate is crucial.
Data augmentation for learning predictive models on EEG: a systematic comparison
Authors: Rommel Cédric , Paillard Joseph , Moreau Thomas , Gramfort Alexandre
Published: November 2022

Objective. The use of deep learning for electroencephalography (EEG) classification tasks has been rapidly growing in the last years, yet its application has been limited by the relatively small size of EEG datasets. Data augmentation, which consists in artificially increasing the size of the dataset during training, can be employed to alleviate this problem. While a few augmentation transformations for EEG data have been proposed in the literature, their positive impact on performance is often evaluated on a single dataset and compared to one or two competing augmentation methods. This work proposes to better validate the existing data augmentation approaches through a unified and exhaustive analysis. Approach. We compare quantitatively 13 different augmentations with two different predictive tasks, datasets and models, using three different types of experiments. Main results. We demonstrate that employing the adequate data augmentations can bring up to 45% accuracy improvements in low data regimes compared to the same model trained without any augmentation. Our experiments also show that there is no single best augmentation strategy, as the good augmentations differ on each task. Significance. Our results highlight the best data augmentations to consider for sleep stage classification and motor imagery brain–computer interfaces. More broadly, it demonstrates that EEG classification tasks benefit from adequate data augmentation.
Dynamic stability study of velocity time lag feedback control of axially moving viscoelastic beams
Authors: Yan ChangHao , Tang YouQi , Wang Bo
Published: November 2022

In engineering fields, such as in deep space processing, paper industry, steel making industry and aerospace field etc., transverse vibration caused by axial motion not only affects the service life of the structure, but also may cause major accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to control the vibration. However, time lag is unavoidable in the process of vibration control because of the time lag in the signal transmission. On the one hand, it not only affects the robustness of the system and produces a very complex dynamic response; on the other hand, the amount of time lag can be used as a parameter to control the vibration. In this paper, a new model of time lag feedback is established, considering the effect of mechanical properties of the linear vibration model of an axially moving viscoelastic beam. The direct multi-scale analysis is applied to analyze the parameter stability of the beam with and without the addition of time lag feedback control model. The subharmonic parameters are obtained by solvability conditions and the Routh-Hurwitz criterion.
Design and Application of New On-board Hydraulic Jacks
Authors: Guan Hongyan , Du Xizhe , Yang Wenqiang
Published: November 2022

Vehicle hydraulic jacks have been widely used in vehicle repair and vehicle lifting support, etc. Aiming at the problems of single control, low position accuracy, and poor safety of existing vehicle-mounted hydraulic jacks, a new on-board vehicle hydraulic jack was proposed and designed. The handle and anti-reversal mechanism are designed to achieve automatic control of the hand, and the displacement sensor is added to realize the feedback control system that monitors the jack elevation in real time, thereby improving the accuracy and safety of position control; then using SOLODWORKS—the three-dimensional software to establish the overall model of the hydraulic jack and perform related performance checks; Finally, the hydraulic system of the hydraulic jack is simulated to show the working characteristics of the equipment based on the AMEsim simulation software.