bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Exhibit More TET2-Mutant Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Not Driven by Increased Transplantation Risk
Authors: Silver Alexander J. , Vlasschaert Caitlyn , Mack Taralynn , Sharber Brian , Xu Yaomin , Bick Alexander G. , Pinson C. Wright , Savona Michael R.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Solid organ transplant recipients comprise a unique population of immunosuppressed patients with increased risk of malignancy, including hematologic neoplasms. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) represents a known risk factor for hematologic malignancy and this study describes the prevalence and patterns of CHIP mutations across several types of solid organ transplants.

Experimental Design:

We use two national biobank cohorts comprised of >650,000 participants with linked genomic and longitudinal phenotypic data to describe the features of CHIP across 2,610 individuals who received kidney, liver, heart, or lung allografts.

Results:

We find individuals with an allograft before their biobank enrollment had an increased prevalence of TET2 mutations (OR, 1.90; P = 4.0e−4), but individuals who received transplants post-enrollment had a CHIP mutation spectrum similar to that of the general population, without enrichment of TET2. In addition, we do not observe an association between CHIP and risk of incident transplantation among the overall population (HR, 1.02; P = 0.91). And in an exploratory analysis, we do not find evidence for a strong association between CHIP and rates of transplant complications such as rejection or graft failure.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate that recipients of solid organ transplants display a unique pattern of clonal hematopoiesis with enrichment of TET2 driver mutations, the causes of which remain unclear and are deserving of further study.
BRCA1-Mediated Dual Regulation of Ferroptosis Exposes a Vulnerability to GPX4 and PARP Co-Inhibition in BRCA1-Deficient Cancers
Authors: Lei Guang , Mao Chao , Horbath Amber D. , Yan Yuelong , Cai Shirong , Yao Jun , Jiang Yan , Sun Mingchuang , Liu Xiaoguang , Cheng Jun , Xu Zhihao , Lee Hyemin , Li Qidong , Lu Zhengze , Zhuang Li , Chen Mei-Kuang , Alapati Anagha , Yap Timothy A. , Hung Mien-Chie , You Mingjian James , Piwnica-Worms Helen , Gan Boyi
Published: March 2024

Resistance to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) limits the therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibition in treating breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1)-deficient cancers. Here we reveal that BRCA1 has a dual role in regulating ferroptosis. BRCA1 promotes the transcription of voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4); consequently, BRCA1 deficiency promotes cellular resistance to erastin-induced ferroptosis but sensitizes cancer cells to ferroptosis induced by GPX4 inhibitors (GPX4i). In addition, nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritinophagy and defective GPX4 induction unleash potent ferroptosis in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells upon PARPi and GPX4i co-treatment. Finally, we show that xenograft tumors derived from patients with BRCA1-mutant breast cancer with PARPi resistance exhibit decreased GPX4 expression and high sensitivity to PARP and GPX4 co-inhibition. Our results show that BRCA1 deficiency induces a ferroptosis vulnerability to PARP and GPX4 co-inhibition and inform a therapeutic strategy for overcoming PARPi resistance in BRCA1-deficient cancers.

Significance: BRCA1 deficiency promotes resistance to erastin-induced ferroptosis via blocking VDAC3 yet renders cancer cells vulnerable to GPX4i-induced ferroptosis via inhibiting GPX4. NCOA4 induction and defective GPX4 further synergizes GPX4i with PARPi to induce ferroptosis in BRCA1-deficient cancers and targeting GPX4 mitigates PARPi resistance in those cancers.

See related commentary by Alborzinia and Friedmann Angeli, p. 1372
Spatially Segregated Macrophage Populations Predict Distinct Outcomes in Colon Cancer
Authors: Matusiak Magdalena , Hickey John W. , van IJzendoorn David G.P. , Lu Guolan , Kidziński Lukasz , Zhu Shirley , Colburg Deana R.C. , Luca Bogdan , Phillips Darci J. , Brubaker Sky W. , Charville Gregory W. , Shen Jeanne , Loh Kyle M. , Okwan-Duodu Derick K. , Nolan Garry P. , Newman Aaron M. , West Robert B. , van de Rijn Matt
Published: March 2024

Tumor-associated macrophages are transcriptionally heterogeneous, but the spatial distribution and cell interactions that shape macrophage tissue roles remain poorly characterized. Here, we spatially resolve five distinct human macrophage populations in normal and malignant human breast and colon tissue and reveal their cellular associations. This spatial map reveals that distinct macrophage populations reside in spatially segregated micro-environmental niches with conserved cellular compositions that are repeated across healthy and diseased tissue. We show that IL4I1+ macrophages phagocytose dying cells in areas with high cell turnover and predict good outcome in colon cancer. In contrast, SPP1+ macrophages are enriched in hypoxic and necrotic tumor regions and portend worse outcome in colon cancer. A subset of FOLR2+ macrophages is embedded in plasma cell niches. NLRP3+ macrophages co-localize with neutrophils and activate an inflammasome in tumors. Our findings indicate that a limited number of unique human macrophage niches function as fundamental building blocks in tissue.

Significance: This work broadens our understanding of the distinct roles different macrophage populations may exert on cancer growth and reveals potential predictive markers and macrophage population-specific therapy targets.
First-in-human Phase I Trial of TPST-1120, an Inhibitor of PPARα, as Monotherapy or in Combination with Nivolumab, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Yarchoan Mark , Powderly John D. , Bastos Bruno R. , Karasic Thomas B. , Crysler Oxana V. , Munster Pamela N. , McKean Meredith A. , Emens Leisha A. , Saenger Yvonne M. , Ged Yasser , Stagg Robert , Smith Steven , Whiting Chan C. , Moon Anne , Prasit Peppi , Jenkins Yonchu , Standifer Nathan , Dubensky Thomas W. , Whiting Sam H. , Ulahannan Susanna V.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

TPST-1120 is a first-in-class oral inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a fatty acid ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, angiogenesis, and inflammation, and is a novel target for cancer therapy. TPST-1120 displayed antitumor activity in xenograft models and synergistic tumor reduction in syngeneic tumor models when combined with anti-PD-1 agents.

Experimental Design:

This phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study (NCT03829436) evaluated TPST-1120 as monotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors and in combination with nivolumab in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or hepatocellular carcinoma. Objectives included evaluation of safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity (RECIST v1.1).

Results:

A total of 39 patients enrolled with 38 treated (20 monotherapy, 18 combination; median 3 prior lines of therapy). The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were grade 1–2 nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea. No grade 4–5 TRAEs or dose-limiting toxicities were reported. In the monotherapy group, 53% (10/19) of evaluable patients had a best objective response of stable disease. In the combination group, 3 patients had partial responses, for an objective response rate of 20% (3/15) across all doses and 30% (3/10) at TPST-1120 ≥400 mg twice daily. Responses occurred in 2 patients with RCC, both of whom had previously progressed on anti-PD-1 therapy, and 1 patient with late-line CCA.

Conclusions:

TPST-1120 was well tolerated as monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab and the combination showed preliminary evidence of clinical activity in PD-1 inhibitor refractory and immune compromised cancers.

Significance:

TPST-1120 is a first-in-class oral inhibitor of PPARα, whose roles in metabolic and immune regulation are implicated in tumor proliferation/survival and inhibition of anticancer immunity. This first-in-human study of TPST-1120 alone and in combination with nivolumab supports proof-of-concept of PPARα inhibition as a target of therapeutic intervention in solid tumors.
Mouthwash use and oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Araújo Jennifer Sanzya Silva de , Magalhães Elma Izze da Silva , Lima Hassan Lavalier de Oliveira , Cruz Maria Carmen Fontoura Nogueira da , Thomaz Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of mouthwash use on the development of oral cancer. METHODS: Observational studies with adult/older adult populations that have examined the association between mouthwash use and oral cancer were included. Electronic search was performed in July 2022, with no time or language restrictions. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were used, and the search was extended to theses and dissertations libraries, Google Scholar, reference lists, and other sources. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and quantitative data synthesis was performed by random effects meta-analysis, with different subgroup analyses and meta-regression. This revision was registered in Prospero (CRD42020143307). RESULTS: Of the 4,094 studies identified in the search, 15 case-control studies were included in the review, totaling 6,515 cases and 17,037 controls. The meta-analysis included 17 measures of effect from 15 case-control studies. The pooled OR was 1.00 (95%CI: 0.79–1.26, n = 17 studies), but it was 2.58 (95%CI: 1.38–4.82, n = 2 studies) among those who had used mouthwashes three times or more times a day, and 1.30 (95%CI: 1.10–1.54, n = 4 studies) among those who had used mouthwashes for more than 40 years. CONCLUSIONS: We f ound e vidence t hat a h igh f requency o f m outhwash u se m ay b e associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. However, despite the biological plausibility for this association, we suggest caution upon interpretation of our findings due to the few number of studies that have investigated the mouthwash use frequency, which should be considered. Therefore, we recommend that future studies assess, in detail, the frequency, duration, and content of mouthwashes to increase the strength of evidence for a possible dose-response effect of mouthwashes on oral cancer risk.
Mortalidade infantil no município de São Paulo: tendência e desigualdade social (2006–2019)
Authors: Bassichetto Katia Cristina , Lira Margarida Maria de Azevedo Tenório , Santos Edige Felipe de Sousa , Arroyave Ivan , Farias Samantha Hasegawa , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo
Published: March 2024

OBJETIVO: Considerando as evidências publicadas sobre o impacto de crises econômicas e da implementação de políticas de austeridade fiscal em vários indicadores de saúde, e a ocorrência recente desses eventos no Brasil, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento da tendência e da desigualdade socioespacial da mortalidade infantil no município de São Paulo, entre 2006 e 2019. MÉTODOS: Trata-se d e e studo e cológico d e a nálise d e t endência t emporal, d esenvolvido no município de São Paulo e em três estratos de áreas de residência, diferenciadas segundo nível de vulnerabilidade social, a partir do Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social de 2010. Calcularam-se as taxas de mortalidade infantil, neonatal e pós-neonatal para cada um dos estratos de vulnerabilidade social, para cada ano do período e para o primeiro e o último triênios. A tendência temporal foi analisada com o modelo de regressão de Prais-Winsten e a magnitude da desigualdade avaliada pelas razões de taxas. RESULTADOS: O declínio das taxas de mortalidade infantil e de seus componentes, observado entre 2006 e 2015, que foi mais elevado no estrato de baixa vulnerabilidade social e no período pós-neonatal em comparação ao neonatal, foi interrompido em 2015, com estagnação das taxas no período subsequente (2016–2019). A análise da desigualdade da mortalidade infantil entre os estratos de vulnerabilidade social revelou aumento significativo entre os triênios inicial e final do período analisado; as razões de taxas cresceram de 1,36 para 1,48 entre o estrato de alta em relação ao de baixa vulnerabilidade social e de 1,19 para 1,32 entre o de média e de baixa vulnerabilidade social. CONCLUSÕES: O estancamento do declínio da taxas de mortalidade infantil em 2015 e o aumento da desigualdade socioespacial observados apontam para a necessidade premente de reformulação das políticas públicas vigentes para reversão desse quadro, visando reduzir a iniquidade presente no risco de morte infantil.
Mortalidade cerebrovascular: tendência e sazonalidade nas capitais brasileiras, 2000–2019
Authors: Romero Luis Sauchay , Jacobson Ludmilla da Silva Viana , Hacon Sandra de Souza
Published: March 2024

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tendência e a sazonalidade das taxas de mortalidade cerebrovascular na população adulta das capitais brasileiras de 2000 a 2019. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico e descritivo de séries temporais de mortalidade por causas cerebrovasculares em adultos (≥ 18 anos) residentes nas capitais do Brasil no período 2000–2019, obtidas do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Técnicas de estatística descritiva foram aplicadas na análise exploratória dos dados e no resumo de taxas específicas, padronizadas e razões por características sociodemográficas. A regressão de pontos de junção ( jointpoint regression model) e stimou a t endência d as t axas d e m ortalidade c erebrovascular p or s exo, grupos etários e regiões geográficas. A variabilidade sazonal por regiões geográficas das taxas foi estimada utilizando o modelo aditivo generalizado por meio de splines de suavização cúbica. RESULTADOS: As pessoas maiores de 60 anos representaram 77% dos óbitos cerebrovasculares. Predominaram o sexo feminino (52%), a raça branca (47%), os solteiros (59%) e a baixa escolaridade (57%, ensino fundamental). As capitais Recife (20/1.000 hab.) e Vitória (16/1.000 hab.) apresentaram as maiores taxas brutas de mortalidade. Aplicando as taxas padronizadas Recife (49/10.000 hab.) e Palmas (47/10.000 hab.) prevaleceram. As taxas de mortalidade cerebrovascular no Brasil apresentam uma tendência favorável ao declínio em ambos os sexos e em adultos. A sazonalidade mostrou influenciar na elevação das taxas entre os meses de julho a agosto em quase todas as capitais das regiões, exceto na Norte, que se elevaram nos meses de março, abril e maio. CONCLUSÕES: Os óbitos por causa cerebrovascular prevaleceram em pessoas idosas, solteiras e com baixa escolaridade. A tendência foi favorável ao declínio, sendo o inverno o período de maior risco. As diferenças regionais permitem subsidiar os tomadores de decisões em relação à implementação de políticas públicas para reduzir a mortalidade cerebrovascular.
Associação entre internações por condições sensíveis e qualidade da atenção primária
Authors: Santos Filipe Malta dos , Macieira César , Machado Antônio Thomaz Gonzaga da Matta , Borde Elis Mina Seraya , Jorge Alzira de Oliveira , Gomes Bruno Abreu , Santos Alaneir Fatima dos
Published: March 2024

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre taxas municipais de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP), com a qualidade da atenção primária à saúde (APS), variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e relacionadas a características locais do sistema de saúde, de 2010 a 2019. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais nos municípios brasileiros analisando a correlação das taxas de ICSAP, com a qualidade da APS medida pelos três ciclos do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Foram incluídos municípios que participaram com 80% ou mais de suas equipes em, ao menos, dois ciclos do PMAQ-AB. Foi analisada a correlação entre as taxas de ICSAP padronizadas com a qualidade da APS e demais variáveis. Empregou-se o teste de Spearman entre a variável resposta e as variáveis explicativas numéricas. Foi usado o generalized equations estimating como modelo multivariado associando as taxas de ICSAP e as demais variáveis ao longo dos anos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 3.500 municípios nos modelos. A qualidade da APS (nota do PMAQ-AB) apresentou associação inversa com a variação das taxas de ICSAP. As taxas de internação tiveram queda de -2% ao ano a cada aumento de dez pontos na nota do PMAQAB, ajustado pelas demais variáveis. O aumento de uma unidade na variável leitos por mil habitantes impactou em uma elevação de aproximadamente +6,4% nas taxas de ICSAP. Quanto ao porte populacional, municípios maiores tiveram menores taxas de ICSAP. Também se associaram à redução das internações o aumento da cobertura da APS e a menor desigualdade socioeconômica. CONCLUSÕES: A redução das taxas de ICSAP ao longo do tempo mostrou-se associada com o aumento da qualidade da APS. Além disso, esteve associada com diminuição do número de leitos hospitalares e a municípios com melhores indicadores socioeconômicos.
Processos de geocodificação em estudos de coorte: métodos aplicados no EpiFloripa Idoso
Authors: Salvador Catharina Cavasin , Lopes Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos , Resendes Danilo , Demarco Fernanda Faccio , Justina Marcelo Dutra Della , Saboya Renato Tibiriçá de , Rech Cassiano Ricardo , D’Orsi Eleonora
Published: March 2024

OBJETIVO: Descrever o processo e as implicações epidemiológicas do georreferenciamento nas amostras do EpiFloripa Idoso (2009–2019). MÉTODO: O estudo de coorte EpiFloripa Idoso buscou investigar e acompanhar as condições de vida e saúde da população idosa (≥ 60) de Florianópolis em três ondas de estudo (2009/2010, 2013/2014, 2017/2019). Com uma ferramenta de geocodificação automática, os endereços residenciais foram espacializados, permitindo a investigação do efeito das perdas amostrais do georreferenciamento em relação a 19 variáveis, avaliadas nas três ondas. A influência de diferentes definições de vizinhança (setores censitários, buffers euclidianos e buffers pela rede de ruas) foi examinada nos resultados de sete variáveis: área, renda, densidade residencial, uso misto do solo, conectividade, contagem de unidades de saúde, e contagem de espaços livres públicos. Coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram calculados para avaliar as diferenças entre as definições de vizinhança de acordo com três variáveis: renda contextual, densidade residencial e diversidade de uso do solo. RESULTADO: As perdas impostas pela geocodificação (6%, n = 240) não ocasionaram diferença estatística significativa entre a amostra total e a georreferenciada. A análise das variáveis do estudo sugere que o processo de geocodificação pode ter incluído uma maior proporção de participantes com melhor nível de renda, escolaridade e condições de vida. Os coeficientes de correlação evidenciaram pouca correspondência entre medidas calculadas pelas três definições de vizinhança (r = 0,37–0,54). A diferença estatística entre as variáveis calculadas por buffers e setores censitários ressalta limitações no uso destes na descrição dos atributos geoespaciais. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar dos desafios relacionados à geocodificação, como inconsistências nos endereços, adequados mecanismos de correção e verificação propiciaram elevada taxa de atribuição de coordenadas geográficas. Os achados sugerem que a adoção de buffers, favorecida pela geocodificação, representa uma potencialidade para análises epidemiológicas espaciais ao aprimorar a representação dos atributos do ambiente e a compreensão dos desfechos de saúde.
Stability and variation of brain-behavior correlation patterns across measures of social support
Authors: Merritt Haily , Faskowitz Joshua , Gonzalez Marlen Z. , Betzel Richard F.
Published: March 2024

The social environment has a critical influence on human development, cognition, and health. Research in health psychology and social neuroscience indicate an urgent need to understand how social relationships are associated with brain function and organization. To address this, we apply multilayer modeling and modularity maximization—both established tools in network neuroscience—to jointly cluster patterns of brain-behavior associations for seven social support measures. By using network approaches to map and analyze the connectivity between all pairs of brain regions simultaneously, we can clarify how relationships between brain regions (e.g. connectivity) change as a function of social relationships. This multilayer approach enables direct comparison of brain-behavior associations across social contexts for all brain regions and builds on both ecological and developmental neuroscientific findings and network neuroscientific approaches. In particular, we find that subcortical and control systems are especially sensitive to different constructs of perceived social support. Network nodes in these systems are highly flexible; their community affiliations, which reflect groups of nodes with similar patterns of brain-behavior associations, differ across social support measures. Additionally, our application of multilayer modeling to patterns of brain-behavior correlations, as opposed to just functional connectivity, represents an innovation in how multilayer models are used in human neuroscience. More than that, it offers a generalizable technique for studying the stability and variation of brain-behavior associations.
Regulating, braking and pushing mechanisms of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feet based on center of pressure
Authors: Li Guoyu , Zhang Rui , Pang Hao , Wang Junfeng , Sun Xumin , Li Zhisong , Luo Yexuan , Wen Lige
Published: March 2024

Reindeer are seasonal migratory animals, and their feet play a significant role in braking and pushing. Their natural habitats in arctic regions require them to navigate complex ground conditions, and their feet have evolved to adapt to these challenges. Reindeer must travel long distances to find food and water, which demands high levels of endurance and stamina. The ability of reindeer feet to support their weights and maintain stability over extended periods is crucial to the survival of reindeer. The center of pressure at different speeds (walking, low-speed trotting, and high-speed trotting) was studied using a pressure plate to determine the functions of the dewclaws, medial toes and lateral toes of reindeer. The medial toes and lateral toes were the bearing toes, and the dewclaws played an auxiliary supporting role. The proportions of peak value in the bearing toes and dewclaws were 85.1-9.5% and 2.7-22.9%, respectively. The center-of-pressure trajectories of hindfeet and forefeet were an L-shaped line and a straight line, respectively. The proportion of peak value in forefoot dewclaws (7.0-22.9%) was larger than that of hindfoot dewclaws (2.7-8.2%). The coefficients of variation of forefoot dewclaws increased with rising speed, indicating the forefeet adjusted the pressure according to the motion state. The coefficient of variation of forefoot dewclaws (31.1-73.1%) was larger than that of bearing toes (14.1-40.7%), indicating the dewclaws played a stabilization role. The pressure on the bearing toes of the forefeet, which played a braking role, increased with time during the braking phase. The peak loads on the distal medial toe and the distal lateral toe of hindfeet were both in the pushing phase, which were mainly associated with a pushing role. Hence, the characteristics of reindeer feet are conducive to improving the stabilizing and migrating abilities.
Eco-Friendly Innovation: Crafting Bio-Environmental Rice Husk Board for Sustainable Living
Authors: Zhang Yuruo , Cao Jian , Gong Tao
Published: March 2024

Background: The growing focus on environmental sustainability and safety has heightened the demand for eco-friendly household materials. This study explores the development of a bio-based board using rice husk (RH), assessing its properties and potential for diverse applications.
Methods: The board was formulated using 30 g RH powder, 2 ml glycerol, 4 g agar, 3 g calcium propionate, and 100 ml water. The study involved visual and textural evaluation, physical property testing, and microbial growth assessment. Practical utility was examined through the fabrication
of various objects including boxes and candle bases, and material adaptability was tested by varying RH concentrations and additives. Results: The RH boards, with equal proportions of RH and RH powder, exhibited light weight and good physical characteristics. Microbial growth was limited
to 39% under conditions of 37 °C and 95% humidity. The boards were moldable, with a smooth, easily colorable surface post-sanding, demonstrating shape stability and flame retardancy under prolonged heat exposure. Furthermore, the material demonstrates good compatibility; varying RH ratios,
colorants, and preservatives yield different appearance effects and characteristics. Conclusions: This study successfully developed a sustainable, safe, and versatile RH board, showcasing significant commercial potential and suitability as an innovative eco-friendly material.
Response Surface Optimization of the Extraction Process and the Antioxidant Capacity of Total Flavonoids from Microcos Paniculata L.
Authors: Qiu Honghao , Liang Lishan , Su Peiwen , Li Shangjian , Cai Jun , Meng Fanxin
Published: March 2024

Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic method was used to extract the total flavonoids from Microcos Paniculata L. To optimize the extraction process, we have conducted single-factor experiments on the total flavonoids yield to provide a basis for analysis. After the results were evaluated,
we carried out the response surface method to test the antioxidant properties of total flavonoids in Microcos Paniculata L. The evaluation of antioxidant capacity was done from four dimensions. According to the experiments, the optimal extraction parameters included: 40 mesh particle
size, 20:1 liquid/feed ratio (mL/g), 250 W ultrasonic power, 400 W microwave power, 30 min extraction time, and a 60% volume fraction of ethanol. When all the conditions were met, the yield of total flavonoids from Microcos Paniculata L. could reach 6.01%. The total flavonoids from
Microcos Paniculata L. could remove DPPH.and ABTS+. At the same mass concentration, the scavenging rates. were as high as 93.14% and 84.40%, respectively. They were close to the scavenging rates of Vc in the positive control group. This proves that the total flavonoids in
Microcos Paniculata L. have a good antioxidant ability.
Protective Mechanism of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide (LBP) on H2O2-Induced Apoptosis of Human Epithelium Retinal Pigment Cells
Authors: Hu Qianqian , Yao Xiaoqian , Jiang Bo , Liu Wenting
Published: March 2024

Lycii fructus boasts a rich heritage of medicinal usage in China. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) has demonstrated a diverse range of biological effects, such as eye protection, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, regulating the immune system, nerve protection, cell protection
and anti-tumor properties. However, there is limited research regarding the potential of LBP to protect human RPE cells from apoptotic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The study aims to examine how LBP protects human RPE cells from apoptotic induced by
H2O2. The oxidative damage model of RPE cells induced by H2O2 was established, and then investigate the impact of LBP at 10 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L on the RPE activity, the proportion of apoptotic cells and the apoptotic-relevant
proteins expression under the action of H2O2. RPE cells were divided into four groups: blank control group (AG), oxidant damage group (OG), low concentration of LBP group (GL, 10 μmol/L LBP), high concentration of LBP group (GH, 100 μmol/L LBP). The
findings revealed that compared to the AG group, the cell survivorship decreased in the OG group, but increased following intervention by different concentrations of LBP, indicating a substantial difference (P <0.05). The apoptosis results indicated a significant increase in the
OG in opposition to the AG (P < 0.05). When comparing the GH to the GL, there was a downward trend in the apoptotic rate (P < 0.05). In comparison to GL group, the apoptosis rate of GH showed a downward trend (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Bax protein and Caspase-3
expression increased, while Bcl-2 expression decreased significantly in the OG group compared to the AG (P <0.01). Both the GL and GH groups showed a decrease in the Bax protein and Caspase-3, while BCL-2 increased significantly when opposed to the OG (P <0.01). The GH
group demonstrated a downward trend in the Bax and Caspase-3, while the Bcl-2 protein showed an upward trend (P <0.05). Compared to the AG group, the OG demonstrated a decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA and an increase in Bax mRNA expression. The GL group showed higher Bcl-2 mRNA and lower Bax
mRNA expression compared to the OG group. The GH group exhibited mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Bax that were between the OG and GL groups (P <0.05). These findings suggest that LBP can prevent H2O2-induced apoptosis of RPE cells and holds potential value in the treatment
of dry AMD.
Anti-Cancer Activity and Mechanism of Resveratrol Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xicai , Wu Fengyun , Shi Shuqiang , Chen Peng , Jin Mian , Zheng Nan
Published: March 2024

This research analyzed the antitumor of resveratrol in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC were divided into control group and resveratrol group. Tnbc-associated TNBC cells were stimulated by different concentrations of resveratrol, and the proliferation, apoptosis, migration
of the cells were analyzed. The amount of migration was measured by Transwell method. The PI3K, Akt, and mTOR were detected. Results showed that the cell apoptosis was obvious and the invasion ability was decreased in resveratrol group, and the effect was more obvious with the increase of
dosage, and there was a statistical difference between groups (P < 0.05). Resveratrol significantly decreased the expression of Akt, PI3K and mTOR, and there were statistical differences between groups (P < 0.05). In summary, resveratrol reduces cell migration, promotes
cell apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, and its mechanism is closely related to the blocking of PI3K/Akt/mTOR.
Impact of Pterostilbene on Lens Epithelial Cells from Cataract Model Rats
Authors: Dai Yan , Liu Yuhuan , Dai Anlang
Published: March 2024

Lens epithelial cell (lEC) membrane is one of the pathological process of cataract. Sandalwood stilbene is a kind of non-flavonoid polyphenol extracted from blueberries, grapes and other berries. It is considered as a natural antioxidant through various related mechanisms. This study
was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Rosewood astragalus on lEC in oxidative cataract rats, and to provide evidence for clinical cataract treatment. Grouping method: normal control group, model group (H2O2 induced cataract) and Zitan astragalus group. Lens turbidity
was observed, LECs was isolated and cultured. MTT assay was used to detect LECs proliferation and Caspase-3 activity was used to detect LECs apoptosis. The expression of NF-κB pathway was analyzed. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) were
detected. The results showed that H2O2 significantly increased lens turbidity, enhanced Caspase-3 activity, inhibited LECs proliferation, increased NF-κB pathway expression, increased ROS activity, and decreased SOD activity (P <0.05). Dansandalus
stilbene had the effects of inhibiting NF-κB pathway expression, promoting LECs proliferation, decreasing Caspase-3 activity, decreasing ROS production and increasing SOD activity (P < 0.05). In this study, it is suggested that Rosewood stilbene delaying the oxidation
of traumatic cataract by anti-oxidation and apoptosis of LECs, and regulating cell proliferation, inhibiting the expression of NF-κB.
The Characteristics of Microsatellites and Development of SSR Markers in the Genome of Periplaneta americana
Authors: Zhang Li-Fang , He Shan-Geng , Li Xiao-Long
Published: March 2024

The research was to analyze the number and pattern of microsatellites in Periplaneta americana’s genome, and also developed tetranucleotide SSR markers. We thoroughly scrutinized and dissected the inherent traits that govern the allocation of microsatellite sequences within
the profound domain of P. americana’s genome, software MSDBv2 allowed for the utilization of 2.67 Gb. There were precisely 1,498,458 flawless microsatellite sequences, encompassed approximately 1.57%. The cumulative length of microsatellites was 45,076,707 bp, and the abundance
of microsatellites was 16889.577 loci/Mb. Out of all the microsatellite repeat variations, the trinucleotide repeats accounted for 44.83% of the total, with a count of 671,830, which were the most abundant type. The tetranucleotide, mononucleotide, pentanucleotide, dinucleotide, and hexanucleotide
repeats accounted for 29.01%, 13.62%, 8.37%, 3.70% and 0.47%, respectively. The numbers of different repeat copy categories in each repeat type were also quite different, such as the A in mononucleotide repeat type, the AT in dinucleotides, the AAT in trinucleotides, and AAAT in tetranucleotide
were the most of each categories. 143 primers were designed. After undertaking the arduous task of enhancing the initial PCR conditions to perfection, we successfully determined and analyzed a gargantuan number of 38 different polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers with utmost
precision, employed the assistance of two-color fluorescence markers and ingenious genotyping scaned for their comprehensive characterization. The genetic variation in P. americana population involved analyzing the diversity of microsatellite loci, which exhibited varying numbers of
alleles per locus ranging from 4 to 21 among the 32 individuals studied. Among them, there were 24 microsatellite loci whose alleles were greater than 10, accounted for 63.16% of the total number of polymorphic microsatellite. The calculated degrees of genetic diversity varied between 0 and
1, the observed heterozygosities was between 0.219 and 1.0, with a mean of 0.6391. The expected heterozygosities was between 0.312 and 0.942, with a mean of 0.7663. The PIC was between 0.296 and 0.923, with a mean of 0.7294, and there were 36 microsatellite loci whose PIC was greater than
0.5, accounted for 94.74%. This study indicated that new development of microsatellite markers for P. americana was feasible. Furthermore, these new development microsatellite markers will provide adequate and reliable molecular genetics data for carrying out the research of molecular
ecology and conservation genetics for P. americana.
Cancel Culture Rhetoric and Moral Conflict in Contemporary Democratic Societies
Authors: Keohane Jennifer
Published: March 2024

This article argues that cancel culture rhetoric has become a key language for moral conflict in a polarized polity. A thematic rhetorical analysis of two prominent figures who claimed to be canceled, Missouri Senator Josh Hawley and Harry Potter author J. K. Rowling, shows similar rhetorical moves despite different contexts. Drawing conclusions from their rhetorical strategies, this article contends that claiming to be canceled is an effective image repair maneuver in the contemporary, polarized political system. As Hawley and Rowling’s rhetoric shows, claiming to be canceled allows a speaker to chart a middle course between empowerment and disempowerment while identifying a transcendent context to take a stand against a defined moral ill. Likewise, it crafts a moment of urgency wherein the speaker and their audience can relate, prompting a moralizing call to action. In short, claiming to be canceled facilitates storytelling where character work can occur in the service of image repair and image promotion.
Bringing Emotions In: How Anger Shapes the Relationship Between Social Isolation and Populist Attitudes
Authors: Filsinger Maximilian
Published: March 2024

In recent years, populism has attracted a lot of scholarly attention. In this article, I investigate the relationship between structural and subjective dimensions of social isolation and populist attitudes. In particular, I account for individuals’ emotional responses to social isolation that link social isolation to populist attitudes. Analyses based on original survey data show that both forms of social isolation are positively related to populist attitudes in six European countries. More importantly, mediation analyses reveal that in line with the proposed mediation argument, anger correlated both with isolation and populist attitudes. By offering a comparative test of the relationship between social isolation and populist attitudes and the mediating role of anger, I advance the understanding of how social isolation in a globalized world relates to populist attitudes. In this vein, the study underpins that emotional reactions to social changes are particularly important in understanding how these social changes affect political attitudes.
Monotherapy Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Lower Extremity Long Bone Type III Open Fractures
Authors: Robinson Thomas W. , Gautreaux Corinne E. , Lee Yann-Leei L. , Mbaka Maryann , Kinnard Christopher M. , Bright Andrew C. , Williams Ashley Y. , Polite Nathan M. , Capasso Thomas J. , Simmons Jon D. , Butts Charles C.
Published: March 2024

Gustilo type III open fractures involve extensive soft tissue damage and wound contamination that pose significant infection risks. The historical standard for antibiotic prophylaxis has been cefazolin and gentamicin. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of lower extremity type III open fractures treated with ceftriaxone alone for prophylaxis. Eighty-six patients were identified. Nearly all (98%) were managed with appropriate antibiotics, but only 55 (64%) received prophylaxis within 1 hour. Overall, there were 12 infections. This infection rate was not statistically different than the reported literature (14% vs 19%, P = .20). The infection rate between those who received antibiotics within 1 hour was not statistically different from those who got it beyond 1 hour (15% vs 13%, P = .98). In conclusion, the use of ceftriaxone as monotherapy for antibiotic prophylaxis in lower extremity type III open fractures is not statistically different than the use of historic prophylactic regimens.
Thoracotomy Resuscitation of a Patient Who Sustained Blunt Force Trauma with a pH of 6.7 on Admission and Ultra Massive Transfusion of 42 Units of Blood
Authors: Meghreblian John T. , Bethurum A. J. , Smith Lou M.
Published: March 2024

Extreme acidosis is a life-threatening physiological state that thwarts resuscitative actions and most frequently ends in mortality. This report describes a case of a successful resuscitation in a patient who presented without vital signs, agonal respirations, dilated, unresponsive pupils, and an initial pH of 6.7. The patient is a 37-year-old man who was ejected from his package delivery vehicle after it was struck by a loaded dump truck. Resuscitative thoracotomy and other ATLS measures were performed to restore spontaneous circulation at 13 minutes after arrival. He underwent subsequent emergent operative interventions for severe chest, lower extremity, and intra-abdominal injuries. He was transfused 15, 27, and 42 total units of packed red blood cells (U-pRBCs) at resuscitation hours 2, 4, and 24. This case reinforces that resuscitative measures should be undertaken on a case-specific basis despite generalized guidelines suggesting futility at pH below 7.0 and at 23 units pRBCs balanced transfusion.
Bullying Victimization, Gender, and Adolescent Substance Use: The Moderating Role of School Connectedness
Authors: Lehmann Peter S. , Wingert Anne C. , Jones Melissa S.
Published: March 2024

A substantial body of research has demonstrated that bullying victimization is positively associated with illicit substance use, though whether this relationship is stronger among female or male youth remains unclear. Additionally, while connectedness to school represents a robust protective factor against negative health and behavioral outcomes, limited research has examined if it might weaken the effect of victimization on substance use. Analyses of data from the 2022 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey ( N = 47,572) reveal that bullying victimization is positively related to substance use, especially among female adolescents. Unexpectedly, this positive effect of victimization on substance use is found to be stronger among youth with higher levels of school connectedness, and this latter relationship does not vary by gender.
Derivation of Growth of Import Demand: A Time Series Analysis  of Less Developed Countries
Authors: Chatterjee Riddhi
Published: March 2024

In this article, growth of import demand is estimated in a dynamic optimisation framework. Since a conventional micro-theoretic import demand function cannot capture the issue of the growth of import demand, it is derived in a macro-theoretic framework of equilibrium import demand function. Growth rate of import demand in a dynamic optimisation framework (considering utility maximisation problem) has not yet been found in the literature. The main focus of this article is to derive this. It is found that growth rate of imports is the function of the growth of domestic income or expenditure, the growth rate of relative price, which is nothing but the real exchange rate, and productivity of capital. The theoretically derived import growth equation was empirically verified for 35 less developed countries. It is observed that for most of the less developed countries, independent variables are statistically significant with expected sign.

JEL Codes: F130, F14
Anti-Immigrant Attitudes and Political Participation in Europe
Authors: Kokkonen Andrej , Linde Jonas
Published: March 2024

This article investigates the relationship between anti-immigration attitudes and political participation in European democracies. Using data from the European Social Survey (2002–2018), we first show that a participation gap between pro- and anti-immigrant citizens exists for all types of political participation, even though the gap in voting is relatively small. The analyses also show that leftist and centrist anti-immigrant citizens participate less than leftist and centrist pro-immigration citizens, whereas their right-leaning counterparts participate almost as much in politics as do right-leaning pro-immigrant citizens. The observed participation gap points to the fact that there is a reservoir of anti-immigrant leftist and centrist citizens potentially waiting to be mobilized in many European countries.
Did COVID-19 Affect News Media Representations of Prisons, Inmates, and Correctional Officers? A Look Prior and Postpandemic
Authors: Weger Jennifer , Weinrath Michael , Kohm Steven
Published: March 2024

This study examines news media representations of Canadian prisons pre and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Of interest was how media framed coverage of punishment and prisons with respect to discrete, event-driven traditional myths (prisons are dangerous, inmates are violent, correctional officers are cruel) versus more systemic, reform-oriented stories (more rehabilitation needed, racialized peoples over-represented, prison conditions harsh). In a pre-post COVID-19 content analysis of 182 stories, prison articles actually declined. Some traditional prison myths were still present and reinforced, but other myths were challenged and some were rarely seen. Discussions of prison reform were also frequently observed and grew during the pandemic.
The Rising Financialization of Açaí in the Amazon: Evidence of an Ongoing Process
Authors: Neves Fonseca Rafael , Lima Thiago
Published: March 2024

The expansion and intensification seen in the production of açaí, a fruit that typically grows in the Amazon, can have undesirable and serious socio-environmental consequences. Based on the premise that financialization in the agrifood sector accelerates processes that destroy the environment, an investigation is carried out into the claim that the supply chain regarding açaí is in the process of being financialized. Due to the absence of literature concerning this subject, this article serves as an exploratory case study with a theoretical base. As a result, primary information was collected as much from field visits as from official sources. These field visits produced semi-structured interviews (both in-person and virtual) and informal conversations with some of the actors involved in the açaí production chain. This article argues that the financialization of açaí is still in its early stages. This is primarily due to the involvement of large, financialized corporations, state support for expanding production, and the development of new products and agro-industrial technology.

A ampliação e a intensificação da produção de açaí, um fruto típico da Amazônia, tem gerado consequências socioambientais indesejáveis. Partindo do pressuposto de que a financeirização agroalimentar acelera processos de destruição ecológica, buscamos investigar se a cadeia do açaí está financeirizada. Devido à ausência de literatura a respeito deste tema, realizamos um estudo de caso exploratório e teoricamente orientado. Coletamos informações primárias tanto em fontes oficiais quanto em visitas de campo, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas (presenciais e virtuais) e de diálogos informais com alguns dos atores da cadeia produtiva do açaí. Concluímos que a financeirização do açaí está em estágio inicial, principalmente devido à entrada de grandes corporações financeirizadas e ao apoio estatal para a ampliação da produção, para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias agroindustriais e de novos produtos.
Youth mentoring: A new holistic intervention targeting the needs of young persons with acquired brain injury
Authors: Odgaard Lene , Bystrup Mette Ryssel , Nielsen Jørgen Feldbæk , Stabel Henriette Holm
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Holistic rehabilitation approaches addressing the numerous complex challenges in young persons with acquired brain injury are required. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the holistic person-centered youth mentoring intervention program, which is based on occupational therapy.

Methods:

Prospectively collected data were extracted from a national clinical quality database ( n = 59). Proportions of young persons receiving different aspects of support and proportions rating the intervention as meaningful were calculated. One-year changes in occupation, work ability, and social interactions were calculated.

Results:

The young persons most frequently received support for energy management (75%) and structuring of everyday life (61%). Seventy-three percent rated the intervention as meaningful. One year post-inclusion, occupation and work ability had increased by 35% and 58%, respectively, and it had declined by 10% and 26%, respectively. The 1-year increase and decrease in social interactions were less clear (15% and 25%, respectively). One-year changes did not differ between those who entered the program early or late after injury indicating the potential beneficial effect of the program.

Conclusion:

The findings could indicate that the program has a unique value in supporting young persons with acquired brain injury to create a meaningful everyday life through occupation, work ability, and social interaction.