bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dichotomy in the Impact of Elevated Maternal Glucose Levels on Neonatal Epigenome
Authors: Lim Ives Yubin , Lin Xinyi , Teh Ai Ling , Wu Yonghui , Chen Li , He Menglan , Chan Shiao-Yng , MacIsaac Julia L , Chan Jerry K Y , Tan Kok Hian , Chong Mary Foong Fong , Kobor Michael S , Godfrey Keith M , Meaney Michael J , Lee Yung Seng , Eriksson Johan G , Gluckman Peter D , Chong Yap Seng , Karnani Neerja
Published: October 2021

Context

Antenatal hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of future adverse health outcomes in both mother and child. Variations in offspring’s epigenome can reflect the impact and response to in utero glycemic exposure, and may have different consequences for the child.

Objective

We examined possible differences in associations of basal glucose status and glucose handling during pregnancy with both clinical covariates and offspring cord tissue DNA methylation.

Research Design and Methods

This study included 830 mother-offspring dyads from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort. The fetal epigenome of umbilical cord tissue was profiled using Illumina HumanMethylation450 arrays. Associations of maternal mid-pregnancy fasting (fasting plasma glucose [FPG]) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) after a 75-g oral glucose challenge with both maternal clinical phenotypes and offspring epigenome at delivery were investigated separately.

Results

Maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, and blood pressure measures were associated with both FPG and 2hPG, whereas Chinese ethnicity (P = 1.9 × 10-4), maternal height (P = 1.1 × 10-4), pregnancy weight gain (P = 2.2 × 10-3), prepregnancy alcohol consumption (P = 4.6 × 10-4), and tobacco exposure (P = 1.9 × 10-3) showed significantly opposite associations between the 2 glucose measures. Most importantly, we observed a dichotomy in the effects of these glycemic indices on the offspring epigenome. Offspring born to mothers with elevated 2hPG showed global hypomethylation. CpGs most associated with the 2 measures also reflected differences in gene ontologies and had different associations with offspring birthweight.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that 2 traditionally used glycemic indices for diagnosing gestational diabetes may reflect distinctive pathophysiologies in pregnancy, and have differential impacts on the offspring’s DNA methylome.
Desigualdades de género relacionadas con la flexibilidad laboral
Authors: Cortés Imma , Artazcoz Lucía
Published: October 2021

Desde mediados de la década de 1970 se han producido profundos cambios en las economías capitalistas occidentales relacionados con factores tecnológicos, políticos y económicos, entre los que destacan la globalización, la liberalización de las políticas laborales, el debilitamiento sindical y las nuevas tecnologías. Estos cambios han ido acompañados de un aumento progresivo de la flexibilidad laboral impulsada por necesidades de las empresas, incrementada en periodos de crisis económica como la de mediados de los años 1990 y la de 2008.

Las estrategias de flexibilidad laboral son diversas. Pueden referirse a las jornadas laborales (tanto en el número de horas trabajadas como en la organización de la jornada), a los salarios, la subcontratación de personas o empresas, y una de las más importantes: la variación del número de personas empleadas mediante la contratación temporal, el despido, etc. En cualquier caso, el aumento de la flexibilidad ha dado lugar a un incremento de nuevas formas de ocupación caracterizadas por altos niveles de inestabilidad laboral y una erosión general de las condiciones de trabajo y ocupación de los trabajadores y trabajadoras. Son formas de ocupación que se acumulan en los grupos de personas en una situación de más vulnerabilidad en el mercado de trabajo debido a su falta de poder. En términos generales, y siguiendo los ejes de desigualdad social, son las personas jóvenes, las personas migradas, las mujeres y las personas con menos nivel de estudios…
Aplicación del cuestionario de autoevaluación de la estrategia multimodal de la OMS para mejorar la práctica de higiene de manos en un hospital de tercer nivel
Authors: De Arriba Fernández Alejando , Molina-Cabrillana Jesús , Serra-Majem Lluís
Published: October 2021

Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la implementación de la aplicación de una estrategia multimodal para impulsar la promoción de la Higiene de Manos (HM).

Métodos. Se utilizó la «Guía de aplicación de la estrategia multimodal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para la mejora de la higiene de manos». La estrategia se planteó como un estudio de intervención para promover la HM en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil en el período 2012-2020.

Resultados. El cumplimiento global de las indicaciones de HM al final del periodo de estudio fue del 59,2%. El consumo de productos de base alcohólica aumentó con respecto a los años anteriores (p<0,05), siendo en el último año de 70 litros por cada 1000 estancias. La encuesta reveló que la formación y la existencia de preparado de base alcohólica en cada punto de atención eran percibidas por parte de los profesionales sanitarios como los principales aspectos facilitadores de la práctica de HM.

Conclusiones. La implementación de una intervención multimodal mejoró significativamente la adhesión al lavado de manos y el uso de productos de base alcohólica entre los profesionales sanitarios. A pesar de tener formación previa sobre higiene de manos, los conocimientos de los profesionales son incompletos. La formación previa seguido del tiempo trabajado son los determinantes más importantes de las conocimientos y percepciones sobre higiene de manos.
Herramienta para predecir la gravedad y secuelas de la COVID-19 en sanitarios del entorno de hospitales. El "COVID-19 Occupational Vulnerability Index"
Authors: Vicente Herrero María Teófila , Fernandez-Montero Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo es un comentario del artículo: Navarro-Font X, Kales SN, Vicente-Herrero MT, Rueda-Garrido JC, Del Campo MT, Reinoso-Barbero L, Fernandez-Montero A. Association Between the "COVID-19 Occupational Vulnerability Index" and COVID-19 Severity and Sequelae Among Hospital Employees. J Occup Environ Med. 2021;63(10):895-900. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002253.
Team and personal coaching in general practice
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: October 2021

NHS primary care staff can now access coaching for themselves and for managing a team. Dave Hancock explores some of the available options
Regional Anaesthesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Pathways – A Quintessential Component
Authors: Nair Abhijit S. , Diwan Sandeep
Published: October 2021

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal, perioperative care pathway designed to achieve early recovery for patients undergoing major surgery. [1] Initially described by Henry Kehlet in 1995 for colonic surgeries, the enhanced recovery pathways have now evolved and are now validated for more than 30 different types of surgery which include but are not limited to emergency laparotomy, neonatal surgeries, and lower segment cesarean sections. [2] Not only is the patient benefited from this by having an enhanced recovery and early discharge from the hospital, the cost of treatment is reduced and also leads to more turnover of patients thereby reducing the waiting list of patients scheduled for various surgeries. [3]
Ultrasound and Modern Regional Anaesthesia
Authors: Gopal T.V.S
Published: October 2021

Lazzaro Spallanzani, an 18th century Italian biologist, is credited with the discovery of ultrasound, which he coined ‘echolocation’. [1] Little may he have realized then that his revelation would transform into an all pervading technology in modern science. Though La Grange and colleagues, in 1978, were the first to employ ultrasonic blood flow detector to locate insertion point for the supraclavicular brachial plexus block, ultrasound guidance in real time motion was first utilized by S. Kapral et al for the same block in a series of forty patients in 1994, thus, heralding a fresh epoch in regional anaesthesia. [2, 3] As is often the case with the introduction of new technologies, ultrasound guidance was also met with cynicism and disdainful resistance. However, not much later, ultrasound guidance was being hailed as the ‘gold standard’ for regional anaesthesia, and it was proclaimed that the search for the elusive ‘holy grail’ had ended. [4]
Among the first nerve/plexus blocks to find wider acceptance with the adoption of ultrasound guidance was the supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The fear of arterial puncture and accidental pneumothorax magically seemed to vanish into thin air. Correlation between clinical and sono-anatomy led to a better understanding of interscalene, infraclavicular and axillary approaches to the brachial plexus. [5] Lower limb blocks began to witness a renaissance due to the widespread prescription of antiplatelet drugs as part of preventive cardiology. Though deeper to the skin in comparison to the upper limb, ultrasound guidance improved identification of neural structures.
It was reported in literature that ultrasound improves patient comfort, block acceptance, onset of block, quality of block, permits the injection of lower local anaesthetic volumes, and thereby, the potential for LAST, and reduces the incidence of certain complications that may be attributed to the block procedure. [6] However, given the resolution of current port
Anatomy of Lumbar Plexus and Implications to Regional Anaesthesiologist
Authors: Amudha G. , Diwan Sandeep
Published: October 2021

Lumbar plexus is one of the two nerve plexuses which supply the lower limb. It is formed in the posterior abdominal wall within the psoas major muscle. The branches of the plexus exit via the medial and lateral borders as well as its ventral surface. It is a complex plexus which gives a branch to complete the formation of lumbo sacral plexus. The branches mainly supply the groin, anterior and medial compartments of thigh. They also supply the hip and knee joints. The cutaneous innervation by the branches of lumbar plexus is limited to the anterior, lateral and medial parts of the thigh, medial side of the leg and foot and also the lower part of anterior abdominal wall and perineum. Regional anaesthesia is a highly skilled and precise technique used widely in the patients to reduce the drug usage and decrease the intra and post operative complications. Lumbar plexus block can be used in surgeries related to hip joint and anterior part of thigh and groin. To execute the procedure successfully, sound knowledge in anatomy of lumbar plexus is required.
Keywords: Lumbar plexus, Branches, Regional anaesthesia.
Changing Scenario of Regional Anaesthesia Practice in Northeast India
Authors: Das Himjyoti , Giri Surajit , Singh Langpoklakpam Chaoba
Published: October 2021

The North-East (NE) region of India comprises of eight states- Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. (Fig 1) The anesthesia services in remote areas of this region are greatly restricted due to inadequate qualified manpower and infrastructure, as very few postgraduate and DNB (Diplomate National Board) seats are available each year across 4 out of 8 states through the NEET PG Test. (Fig 2a & 2b) Regional Anesthesia (RA) has several benefits in certain patients over general anesthesia. It not only allows for better post-operative pain management and a comfortable post-operative patient, but also allows for safer surgeries in patients with comorbidities that carry potentially life-threatening risks with general anesthesia, especially in a resource limited areas. The practice of RA took a backseat in the recent past due to lack of proper training in RA and the absence of a structured curriculum during PG training. However, during the last decade, we have witnessed a paradigm shift in RA and PNB (Peripheral nerve block) anesthesia with continued support from Academy of Regional Anaesthesia (AORA) & Indian Society of Anesthesiologists (ISA). For better understanding of the changing scenario of regional anesthesia practice in this region over years, we may divide the timeline into two phases, late 20th century and the 21st century.
Continuous Caudal Catheters in Neonatal Population: A Focussed Review
Authors: Ponde Vrushali , Puri Kriti , Dave Nandini
Published: October 2021

Caudal epidural block is one of the most commonly administered blocks in paediatric population. Continuous caudal technique offers several advantages like its ability to cater to long duration surgeries, higher thoracic procedures and to deliver extended, titratable post-operative pain relief. Current advances in this technique like use of fluoroscopy, electrical stimulation and Ultrasound to secure continuous caudal catheters facilitate enhanced accuracy and safety and should be adopted wherever feasible. An understanding of local anaesthetic dosages for infusion and their fine tuning is a prerequisite. The potential benefits and risks should be assessed on a case-to-case bases
Keywords: Caudal anaesthesia, Post-operative pain, Neonatal regional anaesthesia
Acute inflammatory Transverse Myelitis post Pfizer-BioNTech-COVID-19 vaccine in 16-year-old
Authors: Albokhari Ammar , Alsawas Abdulrhman , Adnan Mohammad , Alasmari Abdulaziz , Aljuhani Sarah , Almejalli Mousa , Kedah Hanaa
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in China in early March 2019. Saudi Food and Drug Authorityapproved the registration of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia on December 10, 2020 and on May 10, 2021, Pfizer-BioNTech was given an authorized emergency use in 12 to 15 years old children. Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Health started Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination for 12 to 18 years old on June 27, 2021. Here we have a case of 16-year-old female admitted to the medical ward diagnosed with acute inflammatory transverse myelitis after two weeks from second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The diagnosis was based on normal laboratory workup but significant radiological findings. She was discharged after a full recovery.There are multiple cases of post-vaccine acute inflammatory transverse myelitisshared by medical journals, but due to lack of literature review for the teenager population, we think our case may be the first case of acute inflammatory transverse myelitis following second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in this population.
Combinations of drugs might increase the survival chances of COVID-19 patients: Literature review till date
Authors: Karthik bose
Published: October 2021

SARS-COV-2 explores every possible vulnerability in human body and uses it against the host. To treat this SARS-COV-2 induced COVID-19, we should target the multiple factors virus is targeting and use the drugs in a strategical way. This approach can save the patients from severe state of illness and damage associated with the disease.
Chicanx histories of the present: a praxis against gang injunctions in Orange County, California, 2008–2016
Authors: Spady James O’Neil , Scott Alexander , Luévano Susan C. , Hernandez Gabriela , Torres Carolyn
Published: October 2021

Chicanxs Unidxs de Orange County (CU) is a community organisation in Southern California. Founded in 2006, CU is small, multigenerational and multi-ethnic. Its organising has focused predominantly on building community power by focusing on local politics, abusive policing and the gentrification of Chicanx neighbourhoods. This article presents an evidence-based narrative of several CU campaigns (primarily between 2008 and 2016). CU’s tactical aggressiveness and strategic pragmatism forced significant changes to ‘civil gang injunctions’ in California. For decades, California law enforcement has used such injunctions to suppress a generation of young people of colour as ‘gang members’. Minors and adults have been prohibited indefinitely from engaging in otherwise legal activities without due process. CU’s emphasis on the longevity of institutionalised and societal racism, rooted in the colonial conquest, resembles arguments associated with critical race theory (CRT) – though CU was not inspired by CRT. CU’s praxis resembles practices of critical pedagogy – though it was not directly modelled on it either. Rather, we argue that CU’s praxis is embedded in the members’ lived experience and study of the local history of racism, community and social movements. All five of this article’s authors were members of CU and were involved in the organising described in this article. The authors wrote this at the request of the CU membership, and it has been discussed and revised by the full membership.
Modul Sistem Pencernaan Manusia Berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) sebagai Sumber Belajar
Authors: Yusma Hasna Lathifah  , Sulistiyawati
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui pengembangan berupa modul berbasis Augmented Reality (AR)  pada materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia sumber belajar variatif (2) Mengetahui kualitas dan kelayakan modul konsep Sistem Pencernaan Manusia berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) sebagai sumber belajar (3) Mengetahui respon siswa  terhadap pengembangan modul konsep Sistem Pencernaan Manusia berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) sebagai sumber belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan mengadaptasi model ADDIE yang terdiri dari Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and  Evaluation. Namun dalam penelitian tidak dilakukan tahap implementasi karena sumber belajar ini tidak diterapkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pada situasi nyata di kelas.Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa lembar angket yang dinilai oleh 1 ahli media, 1 ahli materi,5 peer reviewer, 1 guru biologi, dan angket respon 15 siswa SMA Kelas XI.  Berdasarkan penilaian kualitas Modul Sistem Pencernaan Manusia berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) dari ahli materi memperoleh presentase ideal 88% kategori sangat baik, penilaian ahli media memperoleh presentase keidealan 80% kategori sangat baik, penilaian peer reviewer  80% kategori sangat baik, penilaian guru biologi sebesar 88% kategori sangat baik, dan uji coba terbatas oleh 15 siswa SMA kelas XI memperoleh presentase keidealan sebesar 88% dengan kategori sangat setuju untuk digunakan sebagai sumber belajar biologi siswa.

Kata Kunci : Modul, Augmented Reality (AR), Sumber belajar, Sistem Pencernaan Manusia
Open Science and Educational Technology Research
Authors: Lodge Jason M. , Corrin Linda , Hwang Gwo-Jen , Thompson Kate
Published: October 2021

Over the last decade a spate of issues has been emerging in empirical research spanning diverse fields such as biology, medicine, economics, and psychological science. The crisis has already led to fundamental shifts in how research is being conducted in several fields, particularly psychological science. Broadly labelled the ‘replication crisis’, these issues place substantial doubt on the robustness of peer-reviewed quantitative research across many disciplines. In this editorial, we will delve into the replication crisis and what it means for educational technology research. We will address two key areas, describing the extent to which the replication crisis applies to educational technology research and suggestions for responses by our community.
Locally pro-pcontraction groups are nilpotent
Authors: Glöckner Helge , Willis George A.
Published: October 2021

The authors have shown previously that every locally pro-pcontraction group decomposes into the direct product of ap-adic analytic factor and a torsion factor. It has long been known thatp-adic analytic contraction groups are nilpotent. We show here that the torsion factor is nilpotent too, and hence that every locally pro-pcontraction group is nilpotent.
Obstruction flat rigidity of the CR 3-sphere
Authors: Curry Sean N. , Ebenfelt Peter
Published: October 2021

We consider the obstruction flatness problem for small deformations of the standard CR 3-sphere. That rigidity holds for the CR sphere was previously known (in all dimensions) for the case of embeddable CR structures, where it also holds at the infinitesimal level. In the 3-dimensional case, however, a CR structure need not be embeddable.
Unlike in the embeddable case, it turns out that in the nonembeddable case there is an infinite-dimensional space of solutions to the linearized obstruction flatness equation on the standard CR 3-sphere and this space defines a natural complement to the tangent space of the embeddable deformations. In spite of this, we show that the CR 3-sphere does not admit nontrivial obstruction flat deformations, embeddable or nonembeddable.
Local-global principles for homogeneous spaces over some two-dimensional geometric global fields
Authors: Izquierdo Diego , Lucchini Arteche Giancarlo
Published: October 2021

In this article, we study the obstructions to the local-global principle for homogeneous spaces with connected or abelian stabilizers over finite extensions of the field

ℂ
⁢

(

(
x
,
y
)

)

{\mathbb{C}((x,y))}

of Laurent series in two variables over the complex numbers and over function fields of curves over

ℂ
⁢

(

(
t
)

)

{\mathbb{C}((t))}

. We give examples that prove that the Brauer–Manin obstruction with respect to the whole Brauer group is not enough to explain the failure of the local-global principle, and we then construct a variant of this obstruction using torsors under quasi-trivial tori which turns out to work. In the end of the article, we compare this new obstruction to the descent obstruction with respect to torsors under tori. For that purpose, we use a result on towers of torsors, that is of independent interest and therefore is proved in a separate appendix.
Construction of a class of maximal commutative subalgebras of prime Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Bajor Grzegorz , van Wyk Leon , Ziembowski Michał
Published: October 2021

Considering prime Leavitt path algebras

L
K

⁢

(
E
)

{L_{K}(E)}

, with E being an arbitrary graph with at least two vertices, and K being any field, we construct a class of maximal commutative subalgebras of

L
K

⁢

(
E
)

{L_{K}(E)}

such that, for every algebra A from this class, A has zero intersection with the commutative core

ℳ
K

⁢

(
E
)

{\mathcal{M}_{K}(E)}

of

L
K

⁢

(
E
)

{L_{K}(E)}

defined and studied in
[C. Gil Canto and A. Nasr-Isfahani,
The commutative core of a Leavitt path algebra,
J. Algebra 511 2018, 227–248].
We also give a new proof of the maximality, as a commutative subalgebra, of the commutative core

ℳ
R

⁢

(
E
)

{\mathcal{M}_{R}(E)}

of an arbitrary Leavitt path algebra

L
R

⁢

(
E
)

{L_{R}(E)}

, where E is an arbitrary graph and R is a commutative unital ring.
Sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation model of the Taiyuan Formation in the Tashan Mine, Datong Basin, China
Authors: Duan Hongyue , Xie Weidong , Zhao Jianguang , Jia Tengfei
Published: October 2021

Datong Basin is a platform uplift formed in the Cenozoic era and has a significant coal-bearing geological unit in China. Tashan Mine is located in the middle-eastern part of the Datong Basin, the coal resources of the Taiyuan Formation are abundant, and the research value is enormous. Of the coal resources, coal seams 3–5 and 8 are the main. The lack of research in sequence stratigraphy, coal-forming environment, coal-accumulating model limits the layout efficiency of working face and the exploration and development efficiency of coal measures associated resources. This study used sedimentary and sequence stratigraphy and calculated and measured field drilling data to investigate the sequence stratigraphic characteristics, paleogeographic pattern, and coal accumulation model of the Taiyuan Formation. The sequence boundary and system tract boundary were identified, and the Taiyuan Formation was divided into four third-order sequences. The paleogeographic pattern was reconstructed with the third-order sequence as a unit by applying the single-factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping. Additionally, the distribution characteristics of the main coal seams were clarified, and the corresponding coal accumulation model was reconstructed. The results exhibit that the sedimentary facies transformed from carbonate platform–tidal flat–lagoon–shallow water delta facies to shallow water delta facies from SQ1 to SQ2, coal seam 8 formed in interdistributary bay microfacies and peat swamp microfacies in SQ1. Transgression further expanded in SQ3, and the sedimentary facies were still dominated by the shallow water delta facies. Coal seams 3–5 are formed in distributary channel microfacies, which consist of interdistributary bay microfacies and peat swamp microfacies. The paleogeographic pattern was still dominated by shallow water delta in SQ4, in which interdistributary depressions and peat swamp microfacies widely developed. The thickness of coal seams 3–5 is in the range of 2.40–25.90 m, in which the northwestern study area is characterized by moderate water depth and sufficient fine sediment, and the widely developed distributary bay and peat swamp deposited a thick coal seam. The thickness of coal seam 8 is in the range of 0.5–10.5 m, and the thickness is stable (mostly thicker than 6 m) controlled by the widely developed lagoon, mud flat, and peat swamp microfacies and reduction water environment.
Confessions of a magazine editor
Authors: Bartley Grant
Published: October 2021

I argue that good communication is vital to philosophy’s project of understanding truth. I consider what good communication would involve, especially with regards to the needs of a popular philosophy magazine such as Philosophy Now. What makes a good or bad article? And how can one edit oneself for clarity? Finally I consider the difference the internet makes. and some of its implications for future philosophers.
Philosophical presentation and the implicitly humorous structure of philosophy
Authors: Barris Jeremy
Published: October 2021

Philosophy often at least implicitly includes and depends on a logical structure which is also that of jokes. This is the case when philosophy involves questioning or establishing concepts in their own right, and when it involves the kinds of metaphysics which ask about reality and the world as a whole or as such. Taking this humour-like structure into account in presenting philosophy helps, among other things, to lay open part of the character of philosophy itself, to underscore the radical self-perspective that is constitutive of philosophy, and to contextualise the often confusing experience of coming to grips with an unfamiliar philosophical framework.
Expert vs. influencer: Philosophy presented under conditions of second-order observation
Authors: Moeller Hans-Georg , O’neill Rory , Fai Chiang Hio
Published: October 2021

Philosophy is presented in a wide range of forms, none of which can be convincingly claimed to be the “genuine” one. Historically speaking, there is not one “proper” way of doing philosophy, evidencing what may be called the social contingency of philosophy. This paper aims to provide a “critical” philosophy of today, in the Kantian sense of a philosophy that reflects on the conditions of its possibility, and thereby acknowledges the limitations they impose. Conceptually, our approach is grounded in Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory, in which “functional differentiation” and “second-order observation” are two crucial characteristics of modern society. The paper discusses how presentations of philosophy align themselves with the second-order observation mechanisms of the specific social systems in which they are “hosted.” This paper deals in particular with two such systems: academics and social (or mass) media. These forms of presenting philosophy produce two different kinds of philosophy presenters: the expert and the influencer.
Anisotropy in tensile behavior of an extruded Mg-4.50Zn-1.13Ca (wt.%) alloy
Authors: Du Yuzhou , Zheng Mingyi , Ge Yanfeng , Jiang Bailing
Published: October 2021

The present study investigated anisotropy in tensile behavior of an extruded Mg-4.50Zn-1.13Ca (wt.%) alloy through tensile testing along different tilt angles relative to the extrusion direction. Results showed that the as-extruded Mg-4.50Zn-1.13Ca (wt.%) alloy exhibited anisotropy in tensile behavior due to the formation of basal texture. Basal slip, prismatic slip and tensile twinning were the dominant deformation modes depending on the tensile direction. Prismatic slip was the dominant deformation mode for samples with small tilt angle (θ = 0° and 22.5°). Basal slip was activated when the tilt angle was increased, which also resulted in the decrease of yield strength. Tensile twinning was responsible for the yielding of the samples with high tilt angles (θ = 67.5° and 90°). The ductility was significantly reduced at high tilt angle, which was mainly attributed to the appearance of tensile twinning during tensile deformation.
Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of well-dispersed cerium-doped Y2SiO5 phosphor particles
Authors: Li Xianxue
Published: October 2021

Well-dispersed cerium-doped Y2SiO5 (Ce:YSO) phosphor particles with spherical morphology and good luminescence intensity have been achieved by a solvothermal method with ethanol and water as solvent media. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the as-synthesized Ce:YSO precursor and powders. The results showed that pure-phase Ce:YSO powders with a mean particle size of about 162 nm were accurately available at 310°C and above. The fluorescence ability and persistent luminescence decay properties of the Ce:YSO powders were also studied, and the excellent fluorescence properties could be attributed to the homogeneous Ce:YSO particles obtained through the solvothermal method.
Effect of phosphorus on the density and molar volume of Al–Si alloy without solidification shrinkage
Authors: Dang Bo , Jian Zengyun , Xu Junfeng
Published: October 2021

The Al–Si alloys exhibit many unique properties, but not enough work has been dedicated to their thermophysical properties. In this work, the effect of phosphorus modifier on the density, molar volume and solidification shrinkage rate of Al-25% Si alloys was investigated by using the indirect Archimedes method. The results show that both density–temperature and molar volume–temperature curves show three inflection points: the liquidus temperature point, the eutectic transformation starting point and the finishing point. The density of the solidus linearly decreases and that of the liquidus linearly increases with phosphorus modifier content. Compared with Vegard’s law, the molar volumes show a negative deviation. Finally, the solidification shrinkage rate is calculated from the densities of solidus and liquidus.
Influence of alloying systems on the properties of single crystal nickel-based superalloys
Authors: Glotka Alexander , Ol’shanetskii Vadim
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the investigation was to obtain the predictive regression models that help correct the calculation of the mechanical properties of single crystal nickel-based superalloys without conducting prior experiments. The paper considers the influence of alloying elements on their tendency to form phases in foundry nickel-based superalloys. Using the elements influence on the phase formation, the coefficientKc’ of the ratio of alloying elements for this class of alloys was set for the first time. We have revealed the short correlation of the ratioKc’ with the dimensional misfit of γ and γ’ crystal lattices. Also, a high probability to predict the misfit for multicomponent nickel systems is shown, which significantly affected the strength properties. The regression models of correlation dependencies on the dimensional γ/γ’- misfit were offered to predict the short-term and long-term limits of the strength of alloys. We determined the operating temperature at which the misfit value should decrease to zero. The structure stability should increase because of the structural stresses minimizing. This has a positive effect on strength and plastic properties.
Treatment of osteoporosis with teriparatide: The Slovenian experience
Authors: Kocjan Tomaz , Sabati Rajic Antonela , Jensterle Sever Mojca , Janez Andrej , Vidmar Gaj , Orehek Nina , Marc Janja , Ostanek Barbara
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of postmenopausal women prescribed with teriparatide in Slovenia, during the first decade after its approval, and the predictors of bone mineral density (BMD) improvement with treatment. We retrospectively studied postmenopausal osteoporotic patients prescribed with teriparatide at tertiary center from 2006 to 2015. BMD was measured at standard sites by DXA at baseline, after 12 and 24 months. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) were measured at the same time-points. The inclusion criteria were met by 188 women (aged 71 years on average), 151 (80.3%) with postmenopausal and 37 (19.7%) with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Everyone had at least one fracture, 159 (84.6%) had ≥2 fractures, with vertebral fractures in 172 patients (91.5%). All patients had been previously on antiresorptives for 8.6 years on average. The average BMD change at lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck was +5.0%, −1.1%, and +0.3% after 24 months of treatment, respectively. Higher baseline PINP was associated with higher BMD increase at all sites after the first 12 months. Teriparatide was prescribed mostly to elderly women with severe osteoporosis who had sustained two or more fractures despite long-term antiresorptive therapy. Baseline PINP might predict initial BMD increase with teriparatide.
Moving Beyond the Individualist Paradigm? Risse and Wollner on Non-agential Exploitation
Authors: Heðinsdóttir Katla
Published: October 2021

Most philosophical examinations of the concept of exploitation center on analyzing two-party interactions between individuals. Mathias Risse and Gabriel Wollner introduce an account of exploitation that seeks to transcend this ‘individualist paradigm’ in three ways: Through exploitation of and by agential groups (non-individual exploitation), of or by non-agential groups (non-agential exploitation) and by social structures (structural exploitation). In this paper, I argue that while the concepts of non-individual and structural exploitation do offer each their way of transcending or revising the individualist paradigm, the most ambitious and original attempt to break with the paradigm is offered by the concept of non-agential exploitation. I then discuss this concept, but ultimately conclude that it suffers from too many shortcomings in its current form to offer a plausible departure from the individualist approach.
Transparent hybrid anapole metasurfaces with negligible electromagnetic coupling for phase engineering
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexey V. , Canós Valero Adrià , Tarkhov Mikhail , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Redka Dmitrii , Shalin Alexander S.
Published: October 2021

All-dielectric nanophotonics has become one of the most active fields of research in modern optics, largely due to the opportunities offered by the simultaneous resonant control of electric and magnetic components of light at the nanoscale. In this rapidly evolving scenario, the possibility to design artificial Huygens sources by overlapping electric and magnetic resonances has established a new paradigm in flat optics, bringing devices closer to efficient wavefront shaping with direct phase engineering at the level of the individual meta-atoms. However, their efficiency is fundamentally limited by the near-field coupling between the constituents of the metalattice. In this work, we challenge this well-conceived notion and propose an alternative concept to achieve phase control and full transmission in metasurfaces, based on the unusual properties of the nonradiating sources known as hybrid anapoles (HAs). We analyze theoretically an array of such sources and demonstrate that HAs are characterized by negligible coupling with their neighbors. Therefore, in contrast to Huygens particles, the proposed sources can operate as individual meta-atoms even in highly compact designs, becoming robust against strong disorder and preserving its characteristics when deposited on dielectric substrates. Remarkably, the phase of the transmitted wave can be modulated with negligible reflection. To illustrate the capabilities of our platform, we also utilize a disordered HA array to implement a controlled phase modulation to an ultrafast Gaussian pulse. The results of our study represent a departure from the currently established designs and open an avenue toward the realization of new devices for flat optics with unprecedented efficiency.
CASIE – Computing affect and social intelligence for healthcare in an ethical and trustworthy manner
Authors: Vasiliu Laurentiu , Cortis Keith , McDermott Ross , Kerr Aphra , Peters Arne , Hesse Marc , Hagemeyer Jens , Belpaeme Tony , McDonald John , Villing Rudi , Mileo Alessandra , Caputo Annalina , Scriney Michael , Griffiths Sascha , Koumpis Adamantios , Davis Brian
Published: October 2021

This article explores the rapidly advancing innovation to endow robots with social intelligence capabilities in the form of multilingual and multimodal emotion recognition, and emotion-aware decision-making capabilities, for contextually appropriate robot behaviours and cooperative social human–robot interaction for the healthcare domain. The objective is to enable robots to become trustworthy and versatile social robots capable of having human-friendly and human assistive interactions, utilised to better assist human users’ needs by enabling the robot to sense, adapt, and respond appropriately to their requirements while taking into consideration their wider affective, motivational states, and behaviour. We propose an innovative approach to the difficult research challenge of endowing robots with social intelligence capabilities for human assistive interactions, going beyond the conventional robotic sense-think-act loop. We propose an architecture that addresses a wide range of social cooperation skills and features required for real human–robot social interaction, which includes language and vision analysis, dynamic emotional analysis (long-term affect and mood), semantic mapping to improve the robot’s knowledge of the local context, situational knowledge representation, and emotion-aware decision-making. Fundamental to this architecture is a normative ethical and social framework adapted to the specific challenges of robots engaging with caregivers and care-receivers.
Naturally occurring heterocyclic anticancer compounds
Authors: Misra Shashi Kiran , Pathak Kamla
Published: October 2021

Naturally occurring heterocyclic scaffolds are key ingredients for the development of various therapeutics employed for biomedical applications. Heterocyclic pharmacophores are widely disseminated and have been befallen in almost all categories of drugs for the alleviation of myriad ailments including diabetes, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, microbial infections, disastrous cancers etc. Countless fused heterocyclic anticancerous templates are reported to display antimetabolite, antioxidant, antiproliferative, cytostatic etc. pharmacological actions via targeting different signaling pathways (cell cycle, PI-3kinase/Akt, p53, caspase extrinsic pathway etc.), overexpressive receptors (EGRF, HER2, EGF, VEGF etc.) and physiological enzymes (topoisomerase I and II, cyclin dependent kinase etc.). A compiled description on various natural sources (plants, microbes, marine) containing anticancer agents comprising heterocyclic ring specified with presence of nitrogen (vincristine, vinblastine, indole-3-carbinol, meridianins, piperine, lamellarins etc.), oxygen (paclitaxel, halichondrin B, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol etc.) and sulphur atoms (brugine, fucoidan, carrageenan etc.) are displayed here along with their molecular level cytotoxic action and therapeutic applications.
Trajectory planning of the nursing robot based on the center of gravity for aluminum alloy structure
Authors: Zhang Libo , Gao Hanjun , Xu Huichao , Song Jing
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the robot arm is manufactured to increase the structural strength and improve safety. The stability of the nursing robot in the process of carrying out the typical nursing task of holding patients was studied, and the influence of the center of gravity on the movement stability of the nursing robot was analyzed. The mathematical model of the stability of the robot is built by using the inverse kinematics solution of the robot. By studying the trajectory planning of a nursing robot under the condition of ZMP constraint, the robot can move safely and optimally along the prescribed trajectory between two working points. The simulation results show that the algorithm can significantly improve the work safety of the robot. In the experiment, four pressure sensors are used to measure the pressure of four wheels on the ground, the data are obtained and substituted into the expression of center of pressure (COP) method. The results show that the stability is in a reasonable moving area without any hidden danger, and its COP value is less than the stable qualitative boundary, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the optimal center of gravity stability planning algorithm.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in leukocytes from phenylketonuric patients
Authors: Bardak Kadriye , Özer Işıl , Amanvermez Ramazan
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a proteinopathy due to the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme. The pathological elevation of phenylalanine (Phe) and its metabolites in PKU is linked to neurological hallmarks and mental disabilities. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that high levels of Phe caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PKU patients.

Methods

We primarily evaluated ER stress markers glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78) and C/-EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in leukocytes and correlated it with blood Phe values from patients with PKU. Patients in this study were selected from individuals who were diagnosed with PKU as a result of the national neonatal screening program and undergone treatment at our university hospital. The subjects were divided into four groups: healthy controls, patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), BH4-responsive patients with PKU and patients with classic PKU. GRP78, CHOP and TBARS levels were estimated in leukocytes isolated from whole blood of subjects, Phe and tyrosine levels were determined in plasma.

Results

The levels of Phe in BH4-responsive PKU and classic PKU groups were statistically higher as compared to healthy controls, and Phe levels were higher in classic PKU compared to HPA group. CHOP levels were elevated by 35.3% in BH4-responsive group compared to control. GRP78, CHOP and TBARS showed no statistical differences between control and patient groups. GRP78 was also negatively correlated with Phe levels.

Conclusions

These results suggested that blood Phe concentrations might not be associated to ER stress in white blood cells obtained from the PKU patient groups under treatment.
Theoretical investigations of hydrogen absorption in the A15 intermetallics Ti3Sb and Ti3Ir
Authors: Miller Gordon J. , Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Ranuri S. , Xie Weiwei
Published: October 2021

Ti3Sb and Ti3Ir adopt the A15 (Cr3Si type) structure and are reported to incorporate hydrogen atoms to an extent, respectively, of Ti3SbH∼3 and Ti3IrH3.8. First-principles electronic structure calculations were performed to identify factors contributing to the difference in maximum hydrogen composition for these two intermetallic compounds. Relative energies and changes in energy densities of states and crystal orbital Hamilton populations upon H insertion in the intermetallic compounds were examined. In both compounds, hydrogen atoms are attracted to [Ti4] tetrahedral interstitial sites over any others. The natures of metal-hydrogen and metalloid-hydrogen bonding and the effects of hydrogen insertion on metal-metal and metal-metalloid bonding have an influence on the maximum hydrogen contents for Ti3Sb and Ti3Ir.
Quantifying Change of Direction Movement Demands in Professional Tennis Matchplay: An Analysis From the Australian Open Grand Slam
Authors: Giles Brandon , Peeling Peter , Reid Machar
Published: October 2021

Giles, B, Peeling, P, and Reid, M. Quantifying change of direction movement demands in professional tennis matchplay: An analysis from the Australian Open Grand Slam. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1419–1427, 2023—Change of direction (COD) contributes significantly to the movement repertoire of professional tennis players, yet the time-motion and degree demands of these changes are poorly understood. This study examines the velocity, acceleration, and angular displacement profiles of COD movements in modern professional tennis. One hundred eighty-two singles matches of Hawk-Eye player tracking data collected from the Australian Open Grand Slam were used for analysis. A novel COD classification algorithm was used to identify >120,000 medium and high-intensity CODs for analysis. Descriptive characteristics of the COD performance were calculated using player coordinate and time variables. Sex comparisons were analyzed using 2 mixed-effects models assessed for differences via likelihood ratios. Players performed 1.6 CODs per point. Both sexes executed, on average, 1.3–1.4 shots and covered 4.8 m per COD, with men performing changes every 2.7 seconds and women every 3.1 seconds. Medium-intensity COD comprised 88–94% of all identified changes. Approximately 2 in 3 CODs involved a degree of change >105°, whereas cutting maneuvers (<45°) were most commonly high-intensity COD. This study is the first to quantify the COD characteristics of professional tennis matchplay. Both sexes performed the same average number of CODs per point, however, men executed high-intensity changes twice as frequently as women, at an average of 1 every 5 points. These novel findings will help to improve the specificity of training interventions in elite tennis conditioning.
Governance: Exploring the Islamic Approach and its Relevance for the Modern Context
Authors: Ashraf-Khan Mohammed Veqar , Hossain Mohammad Shahadat
Published: October 2021

Managing this wealth (amanah) leads to the basic concept of Islamic accountability where proper disclosure and transparency in every business transaction or service is encouraged. This paper attempts to explore the characteristics and application of the principles of Islamic governance. Using qualitative research methods, this study further focuses on trust and accountability with respect to governance mechanisms as required by Islamic principles and in light of today's world affairs. As a doctrinal research, the researcher reviews the relevant literature to identify the main features of government such as shura, caliphate, accountability, transparency, justice and equality as well as the current need for trust in public and private government. The findings of this study are that the Koran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) have provided many guidelines in the field of constitutional affairs that can help the government system. The Qur'an is flexible enough not to mention the details and details that are left for Muslims to formulate according to their particular circumstances. Finally, the aim of this paper is to inform policy makers and practitioners about the main doctrines that have been proposed by the Qur'an and which can be applied for the effective management of our affairs