bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of anti‐ganglioside antibodies in isolated dysphagia following COVID‐19 infection: Case series
Authors: Kim Sejoon , Bae Jisun , Park Geun‐Young , Im Sun
Published: May 2024

Background

There have been multiple reports about the occurrence of dysphagia after the contraction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, a detailed pathology and epidemiologic relation between COVID‐19 infection and dysphagia have yet to be established. Here, we report three cases of unexplained dysphagia after COVID‐19 diagnosis, with atypical clinical presentations.

Case report

All patients showed severe isolated lower cranial nerve involvement with dysphagia and aspiration, which required full tube feeding but showed no evidence of limb weakness or sensory symptoms. All tested positive for anti‐ganglioside antibody tests, which all commonly (GD1b, GM1, and GQ1b) are known to have terminal NeuNAc(α2‐3)Gal epitope.

Discussion

We report a series of cases featuring severe, isolated dysphagia post‐COVID‐19 infection, concomitant with positive anti‐ganglioside antibodies. One potential etiology is a variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome. Because only isolated dysphagia with sparing of the facial and extraocular muscles was evident in these cases, we explore the association between anti‐ganglioside antibodies specific to NeuNAc(α2‐3)Gal, which has been frequently associated with the development of bulbar dysfunction. Given that NeuNAc(α2‐3)Gal exhibits an affinity for the spike glycoprotein of SARS‐CoV‐2, a cross‐reaction against NeuNAc(α2‐3)Gal may possibly contribute to isolated dysphagia following COVID‐19 infection.
A stretchable, electroconductive tissue adhesive for the treatment of neural injury
Authors: Dhal Jharana , Ghovvati Mahsa , Baidya Avijit , Afshari Ronak , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Abdi Reza , Annabi Nasim
Published: May 2024

Successful nerve repair using bioadhesive hydrogels demands minimizing tissue–material interfacial mechanical mismatch to reduce immune responses and scar tissue formation. Furthermore, it is crucial to maintain the bioelectrical stimulation‐mediated cell‐signaling mechanism to overcome communication barriers within injured nerve tissues. Therefore, engineering bioadhesives for neural tissue regeneration necessitates the integration of electroconductive properties with tissue‐like biomechanics. In this study, we propose a stretchable bioadhesive based on a custom‐designed chemically modified elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) and a choline‐based bioionic liquid (Bio‐IL), providing an electroconductive microenvironment to reconnect damaged nerve tissue. The stretchability akin to native neural tissue was achieved by incorporating hydrophobic ELP pockets, and a robust tissue adhesion was obtained due to multi‐mode tissue–material interactions through covalent and noncovalent bonding at the tissue interface. Adhesion tests revealed adhesive strength ~10 times higher than commercially available tissue adhesive, Evicel®. Furthermore, the engineered hydrogel supported in vitro viability and proliferation of human glial cells. We also evaluated the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the engineered bioadhesive in vivo using a rat subcutaneous implantation model, which demonstrated facile tissue infiltration and minimal immune response. The outlined functionalities empower the engineered elastic and electroconductive adhesive hydrogel to effectively enable sutureless surgical sealing of neural injuries and promote tissue regeneration.
eXplainableAI for routine outcome monitoring and clinical feedback
Authors: Westbye Hans Jacob , Moltu Christian , McAleavey Andrew A.
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning (ML), is adept at identifying patterns and insights from vast amounts of data from routine outcome monitoring (ROM) and clinical feedback during treatment. When applied to patient feedback data, AI/ML models can assist clinicians in predicting treatment outcomes. Common reasons for clinician resistance to integrating data‐driven decision‐support tools in clinical practice include concerns about the reliability, relevance and usefulness of the technology coupled with perceived conflicts between data‐driven recommendations and clinical judgement. While AI/ML‐based tools might be precise in guiding treatment decisions, it might not be possible to realise their potential at present, due to implementation, acceptability and ethical concerns. In this article, we will outline the concept of eXplainable AI (XAI), a potential solution to these concerns. XAI refers to a form of AI designed to articulate its purpose, rationale and decision‐making process in a manner that is comprehensible to humans. The key to this approach is that end‐users see a clear and understandable pathway from input data to recommendations. We use real Norse Feedback data to present an AI/ML example demonstrating one use case for XAI. Furthermore, we discuss key learning points that we will employ in future XAI implementations.
Testing a social cognitive model of career self‐management with Turkish undergraduate students
Authors: Ozdemir Nurten Karacan , Buyukcolpan Hakan
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the direct and indirect associations between social–emotional learning (SEL) skills, career decision self‐efficacy (CDSE), vocational outcome expectations (VOE), and career engagement (CE) within social cognitive career theory (SCCT) in a sample of Turkish university students. Junior and senior students (N = 460) completed the Social–Emotional Learning Scale‐Young Adult Form, the Career Decision Self‐Efficacy Scale‐Short Form, the Vocational Outcome Expectations Scale, the Career Engagement Scale, and the Demographic Information Form. Data was collected during COVID‐19 lockdowns in 2021. The results of a multiple serial mediation model indicated that higher SEL skills were related to higher CDSE and VOE, and, in turn, to CE. Overall, the results show that SCCT provides a promising framework for identifying predictors of CE, self‐directed career management behavior, in young adults during the transition from school to work. These findings have implications for theory, research, and practice by identifying potential influences on CE during COVID‐19.
Adaptation to Turkish of the Career Exploration and Decision Self‐Efficacy Scale
Authors: Çarkıt Ersoy
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to validate the Turkish version of the Career Exploration and Decision Self‐Efficacy (CEDSE) Scale with Turkish undergraduate students. Results show that with the sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 202) the Turkish CEDSE Scale had a two‐factor structure with 12 items. The CEDSE Scale's two‐factor structure was validated by a sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 255). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the measurement invariance of the CEDSE Scale across gender groups. The Turkish CEDSE Scale produced positive relations with measures of vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness as well as strong positive correlations with career decision‐making self‐efficacy. The CEDSE Scale scores produced statistically significant beta coefficients predicting vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness. The results support the concurrent and criterion‐related validity of the CEDSE Scale. Calculations of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and stability coefficients yielded evidence for the CEDSE Scale's reliability.
Alkene Cross‐Metathesis with 2,5‐Dimethyl‐2,4‐Hexadiene Enables Isobutylenyl/Prenyl Functionalizations and Rubber Valorization
Authors: Mingueza‐Verdejo Paloma , Rodríguez‐Nuévalos Silvia , Oliver‐Meseguer Judit , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio
Published: May 2024

2,5‐Dimethyl‐2,4‐hexadiene is a readily available and easily managable compound, whose symmetric and polymethylated dienic structure should be prone to engage in cross‐metathesis reactions with other alkenes, but this has not been apparently exploited so far. Here we show that this reactant enables the easy synthesis of tri‐ and tetra‐susbtituted alkenes (i. e. isobutylenyl and prenyl groups) from simple alkenes under mild reaction conditions, not only with the conventional 2nd generation Grubbs catalyst but also with other Grela‐type catalyts such as StickyCat,TM AquaMetTM and GreenCatTM. The use of liquid and low volatile 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,4‐hexadiene avoids the use of gaseous alkene reactants and, besides, showcases the reactivity of polyisoprene (rubber), thus allowing to optimize the reaction conditions for rubber upcycling, after metathesis reaction of the pristine or used polymer with simple alkenes. These results bring low volatile isoprene‐type compounds as privileged poly‐substituted reactants for alkene cross‐metathesis reactions.
Defect‐Engineered Metal‐Organic Framework/Polyimide Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2 Separation
Authors: Mashhadikhan Samaneh , Amooghin Abtin Ebadi , Masoomi Mohammad Yaser , Sanaeepur Hamidreza , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: May 2024

Defect‐engineered metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with outstanding structural and chemical features have become excellent candidates for specific separation applications. The introduction of structural defects in MOFs as an efficient approach to manipulate their functionality provides excellent opportunities for the preparation of MOF‐based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). However, the use of this strategy to adjust the properties and develop the separation performance of gas separation membranes is still in its early stages. Here, a novel defect‐engineered MOF (quasi ZrFum or Q‐ZrFum) was synthesized via a controlled thermal deligandation process and incorporated into a CO2‐philic 6FDA‐durene polyimide (PI) matrix to form Q‐ZrFum loaded MMMs. Defect‐engineered MOFs and fabricated MMMs were investigated regarding their characteristic properties and separation performance. The incorporation of defects into the MOF structure increases the pore size and provides unsaturated active metal sites that positively affect CO2 molecule transport. The interfacial compatibility between the Q‐ZrFum particles and the PI matrix increases via the deligandation process, which improves the mechanical strength of Q‐ZrFum loaded membranes. MMM containing 5 wt.% of defect‐engineered Q‐ZrFum exhibits excellent CO2 permeability of 1308 Barrer, which increased by 99 % compared to the pure PI membrane (656 Barrer) at a feed pressure of 2 bar. CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity reached 44 and 26.6 which increased by about 70 and 16 %, respectively. This study emphasizes that defect‐engineered MOFs can be promising candidates for use as fillers in the preparation of MMMs for the future development of membrane‐based gas separation applications.
Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Alcohols to β‐Fluoroalkyl Vinylsulfones by Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt Catalyst
Authors: Luo Xingjie , Jiang Zhiyu , Yang Siqun , Ren Xiaoyu , Wang Tianli
Published: May 2024

Chiral secondary alcohols, serving as essential structural motifs, hold significant potential for diverse applications. The exploration of effective synthetic strategies toward these compounds is both attractive and challenging. Herein, we present an asymmetric oxa‐Michael reaction involving aliphatic alcohols as nucleophiles and β‐fluoroalkyl vinylsulfones catalyzed by bifunctional phosphonium salt (BPS), achieving high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % yield and 98 % ee). Additionally, a sequential process including asymmetric oxa‐Michael and debenzylation, facilitated by BPS/Lewis acid cooperation, was revealed for synthesizing diverse chiral secondary alcohol compounds in high yields (81–88 %) with consistent stereoselectivities. Furthermore, mechanistic explorations and subsequent results unveiled that the enantioselectivity originates from hydrogen‐bonding and ion‐pair interactions between the BPS catalyst and the substrates.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Dihydropyrroles via 1,5‐Addition and N‐1,4‐Addition Cascade
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Ming , Wang Yu‐Chao , Chen Liang , Ma Chao , He Zhi‐Tao
Published: May 2024

An unprecedented 1,5‐addition/N‐1,4‐addition cascade reaction is established via palladium hydride catalysis. A variety of polysubstituted dihydropyrrole skeletons are constructed in high yield and with exclusively >20 : 1 diastereoselectivity. An enantioselective protocol of this design is also developed to provide a novel access to enantioenriched dihydropyrroles.
A Cu/MnOx Composite with Copper‐Doping‐Induced Oxygen Vacancies as a Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Miao , Jia Hongsheng , Wang Yubo , Li Siqi , E Yuanlong , Liu Yanqing , Wang Qingshuang , Liu Wanqiang
Published: May 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are anticipated to be the next generation of important energy storage devices to replace lithium‐ion batteries due to the ongoing use of lithium resources and the safety hazards associated with organic electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries. Manganese‐based compounds, including MnOx materials, have prominent places among the many zinc‐ion battery cathode materials. Additionally, Cu doping can cause the creation of an oxygen vacancy, which increases the material‘s internal electric field and enhances cycle stability. MnOx also has great cyclic stability and promotes ion transport. At a current density of 0.2 A g−1, the Cu/MnOx nanocomposite obtained a high specific capacitance of 304.4 mAh g−1. In addition, Cu/MnOx nanocomposites showed A high specific capacity of 198.9 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Therefore, Cu/MnOx nanocomposites are expected to be a strong contender for the next generation of zinc‐ion battery cathode materials in high energy density storage systems.
Hydrogen isotopes 1,2,3H–A school lab concept for an exemplary insight into chemical research and the work of researchers in chemistry
Authors: Gromm Liesa , Asmis Knut R. , Zeitler Kirsten , Sälker Jannik , Heimann Rebekka
Published: May 2024

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Schülerlaborkonzept zum Graduiertenkolleg 1,2,3H vorgestellt. Aus diesem Forschungsprojekt wurde beispielhaft ein Teilprojekt zur photokatalytischen Deuterierung ausgewählt, um Schüler:innen einen Einblick in chemische Forschung und die Arbeit von in der Chemie Forschenden zu ermöglichen. Die Schüler:innen erarbeiten im Schülerlabor durch modellhafte Experimente Wissen zu Wasserstoff (1H) und Deuterium (2H), der Photokatalyse sowie der Deuterierung mittels Photokatalyse. Sie lernen zudem einzelne Forscher:innen aus diesem Projekt durch videobasierte Interviews kennen.
Halophiles and their adaptations: A comprehensive review on recent progress and prospects in biodesalination applications
Authors: Linekha Radhakrishnan , Jeno Jose Gnanaleela Aswin , Abirami Krishnan , Yamunadevi Balakrishnan , Nakkeeran Ekambaram
Published: May 2024

Worldwide climate change, rising population, and industrialization have raised the global demand for freshwater. Desalinating brackish water has become a sustainable technology for drinking and agriculture to overcome global water scarcity. Thriving biodesalination technology has become more attractive and eco‐friendly than the present physicochemical desalination methods, which are expensive and energy‐intensive. Researchers are exploring the bioutilization of nature's potential for desalination using halophiles like haloarchaea, halobacteria, halophytic algae, and plants. Biomimetic desalination membranes have been developed, inspired by the desalination mechanism in animals. This comprehensive review explores recent advancements and potential applications of halophiles in biodesalination to exploit them effectively. It provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with harnessing halophiles for the removal of salts from brackish and seawater sources. This review also focuses on insights into biomolecules produced by the halophilic microorganisms and halophytes in the desalination process. Understanding the mechanism of action of these biomolecules will edify the effective unexplored research areas in biomimicry and bioutilization to overcome the existing limitations in water treatment.
State‐of‐the‐Art CO2 Reduction in Electrochemical Microfluidic Systems: A Short Review and New Perspectives
Authors: Abdul Ali Mian , Rodrigues Zanata Cinthia , Alves Martins Cauê
Published: May 2024

The need to mitigate carbon dioxide has motivated an influx of interest in innovative technologies, and microfluidic systems have emerged as a promising forefront in this endeavor. This short review analyzes CO2 reduction within microfluidic platforms, thoroughly investigating existing methodologies, challenges, and novel perspectives. This work commences with a detailed exposition of the fundamental principles governing microfluidic electrolyzers, elucidating the interaction of microchannels and electrodes. We show the electrochemical reactions supporting CO2 reduction, detailing the processes at the cathode. The use of microfluidic systems encompasses precise control over reaction conditions, efficient mass transport, reduced energy consumption, high throughput screening capabilities, integration with analytical tools, and portability. Catalyst selection for optimal CO2 reduction products, technical complexities, integration of renewable energy sources, and cost‐effectiveness are notable challenges on the horizon. A perspective on potential pathways to resolution is delineated, with each impediment succinctly but insightfully addressed. Moreover, this review extends beyond a looking‐back analysis, propounding innovative perspectives. It posits the concept of microfluidic fuel cells directly fueled by CO2. This work seeks to inspire new researchers and innovation in the field by comparing the present state‐of‐the‐art with prospective avenues of exploration.
Editorial – “Special Collection: 30 Years of PIP” – Physicochemistry of Interfacial Phenomena
Authors: Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Nowicki Piotr
Published: May 2024

2023 marked the 30th anniversary of the Section of Physicochemistry of Interfacial Phenomena (PIP) of the Polish Chemical Society (PCS). It was established in 1993 on the initiative of members of the Lublin Branch of PCS. On May 18 the same year, the Chairman of the Branch, Prof. Roman Leboda asked the President of the Management Board of PCS to register a new section, called Physical Chemistry of Surface Phenomena. Prof. Władysław Rudziński was elected for the chairman of the Section, who is a world‐renowned specialist in the field of adsorption. In May 1994, the inaugural meeting of the founding members of the Section took place in Kazimierz Dolny, Poland. The aim of it was presentation of the research topics of scientists representing various centers and teams that are part of Section. On June 10, 1997, at one of the subsequent meetings in Kraków, its members unanimously decided to change the name to the Section of Physicochemistry of Interfacial Phenomena.
Thiocarbonyl‐Bridged N‐Heterotriangulenes for Energy Efficient Triplet Photosensitization: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Manna Arun K.
Published: May 2024

Structurally‐rigid metal‐free organic molecules are of high demand for various triplet harvesting applications. However, inefficient intersystem crossing (ISC) due to large singlet‐triplet gap (
) and small spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) between lowest excited singlet and triplet often limits their efficiency. Excited electronic states, fluorescence and ISC rates in several thiocarbonyl‐bridged N‐heterotriangulene (
S‐HTG) with systematically increased thione content (
0–3) are investigated implementing polarization consistent time‐dependent optimally‐tuned range‐separated hybrid. All
S‐HTGs are dynamically stable and also thermodynamically feasible to synthesize. Relative energies of several low‐lying singlets (
) and triplets (
), and their excitation nature (i. e.,
or
) and SOC are determined for these
S‐HTGs in dichloromethane. Low‐energy optical peak displays gradual red‐shift with increasing thione content due to relatively smaller electronic gap resulted from greater degree of orbital delocalization. Significantly large SOC due to different orbital‐symmetry and heavy‐atom effect produces remarkably high ISC rates (
~1012 s−1) for enthalpically favoured
(
) channel in these
S‐HTGs, which outcompete radiative fluorescence rates (~108 s−1) even directly from higher lying optically bright
singlets. Importantly, high energy triplet excitons of ~1.7 eV resulting from such significantly large ISC rates from non‐fluorescent
make these thiocarbonylated HTGs ideal candidates for energy efficient triplet harvest including triplet‐photosensitization.
Should You Run a Dedicated TQT Study? Sponsor and Regulatory Considerations on Substitution Pathways to Assess QT Liability
Authors: Lester Robert M. , Engel Caroline , van Haarst Aernout D. , Paglialunga Sabina
Published: May 2024

Cardiac safety regulatory guidance for drug development has undergone several monumental shifts over the past decade as technological advancements, analysis models and study best practices have transformed this landscape. Once, clinical proarrhythmic risk assessment of a new chemical entity (NCE) was nearly exclusively evaluated in a dedicated thorough QT (TQT) study. However, since the introduction of the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) E14/S7B Q&A 5.1 and 6.1 TQT substitutions, drug developers are offered an alternative pathway to evaluate proarrhythmic risk during an ascending dose study in healthy volunteers or during a powered patient study, respectively. In addition, the findings as well as the manner in which nonclinical studies are conducted (i.e., utilizing best practices) can dictate the need for a positive control in the clinical study and/or affect the labeling outcome. Drug sponsors are now faced with the option of pursuing a dedicated TQT study or requesting a TQT substitution. Potential factors influencing the choice of pathway include the NCE mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety profile, as well as business considerations. This tutorial will highlight the regulatory framework for integrated arrhythmia risk prediction models to outline drug safety, delineate potential reasons why a TQT substitution request may be rejected and discuss when a standalone TQT is recommended.
Environmental data and scores: Lost in translation
Authors: Bernardini Enrico , Fanari Marco , Foscolo Enrico , Ruggiero Francesco
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates methodological issues and limited coverage of providers' environmental scores, which are increasingly employed by investors, financial institutions and policymakers for corporate environmental assessment. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, regression analysis shows a substantial heterogeneity among the environmental scores of seven providers in the reliance on raw data. However, as some variables are found meaningful across providers, the request to enhance disclosure should focus on such variables. The heterogeneity of the unexplained component of the regression across providers can be arguably referred to as judgemental factors and underlines the providers' different focus on financial risk or environmental impact. Second, we propose a classification system based on corporate disclosure data that aims to enable investors to extend the environmental assessment of companies not rated by providers. This system has been calibrated to implement two common investment strategies, that is, best‐in‐class and exclusion and allows to build portfolios with both environmental and financial profiles similar to portfolios based on providers' scores. The work aims to contribute to the intersection between the analysis of methodologies of E‐scores and their practical use for investment purposes. Rather than asking for a mirage of full comparability of E‐scores, the paper substantiates that is of utmost importance to improve the disclosure of corporate data to enhance the environmental assessment as well as the transparency on providers' methodologies to enable investors to select E‐scores consistent with their risk‐impact preferences. Such transparency will foster the development of sustainable finance.
Influence of Water Hardness and Complexing Agents on Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Generation
Authors: Enstrup Marius Simon , Steinmann Jan , Daragan Freyja Galina , Dangpiaei Babak , Kunz Ulrich
Published: May 2024

Recently, many studies have been published regarding electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction for generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for various applications. Sodium salts solved in deionized water were usually used as supporting electrolytes. In technical applications, however, tap water‐based electrolytes with hardeners are particularly relevant and have only been considered in a few studies to date. In this work, we investigated the influence of hardeners on H2O2‐generation at 150 mA cm−2 and were able to show that scaling occurs predominantly on the GDE‐surface and not in its pore structure. With the novel method in electrochemical synthesis by using complexing agents to bind hardeners, we were able to significantly reduce the scaling. Even after 10 h of operation, the reactor still achieves a faradaic efficiency (FE) of above 70 % (>67 mg h−1 cm−2), comparable to the experiments without hardeners and complexing agents in the electrolyte. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the complexing agents are not electrochemically converted at the carbon‐based GDE and behave inertly. If the cell is operated with complexing agents and rinsed with acidic liquid (anolyte) between batches, scaling can be completely avoided.
Enhanced Piezocatalytic Performance of Li‐doped BaTiO3 Through a Facile Sonication‐Assisted Precipitation Approach
Authors: Dong Zekun , Guan Peiyuan , Zhou Lu , Jiang Yue , Chen Fandi , Wang Jinbo , Jia Haowei , Huang Yixuan , Cao Tao , Meng Linghui , Zhou Yingze , Li Mengyao , Wan Tao , Hu Long , Xu Zhemi , Han Zhaojun , Chu Dewei
Published: May 2024

Piezocatalysis‐induced dye degradation has garnered significant attention as an effective method for addressing wastewater treatment challenges. In our study, we employed a room‐temperature sonochemical method to synthesize piezoelectric barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO3: BTO) with varying levels of Li doping. This approach not only streamlined the sample preparation process but also significantly reduced the overall time required for synthesis, making it a highly efficient and practical method. One of the key findings was the exceptional performance of the Li‐doped BTO nanoparticles. With 20 mg of Li additive, we achieved 90 % removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye within a relatively short timeframe of 150 minutes, all while subjecting the sample to ultrasonic vibration. This rapid and efficient dye degradation was further evidenced by the calculated kinetic rate constant, which indicated seven times faster degradation rate compared to pure BTO. The enhanced piezoelectric performance observed in the Li‐doped BTO nanoparticles can be attributed to the strategic substitution of Li atoms, which facilitated a more efficient transfer of charge charges at the interface. Overall, our study underscores the potential of piezocatalysis coupled with advanced materials like Li‐doped BTO nanoparticles as a viable and promising solution for wastewater treatment, offering both efficiency and environmental sustainability.
TRBC1 in flow cytometry: Assay development, validation, and reporting considerations
Authors: Devitt Katherine A. , Kern Wolfgang , Li Weijie , Wang Xuehai , Wong Allyson J. , Furtado Felipe M. , Oak Jean S. , Illingworth Andrea
Published: May 2024

The assessment of T‐cell clonality by flow cytometry has long been suboptimal, relying on aberrant marker expression and/or intensity. The introduction of TRBC1 shows much promise for improving the diagnosis of T‐cell neoplasms in the clinical flow laboratory. Most laboratories considering this marker already have existing panels designed for T‐cell workups and will be determining how best to incorporate TRBC1. We present this comprehensive summary of TRBC1 and supplemental case examples to familiarize the flow cytometry community with its potential for routine application, provide examples of how to incorporate it into T‐cell panels, and signal caution in interpreting the results in certain diagnostic scenarios where appropriate.
Effects of social environments on male primate HPG and HPA axis developmental programming
Authors: Brown Ella R. , Gettler Lee T. , Rosenbaum Stacy
Published: May 2024

Developmental plasticity is particularly important for humans and other primates because of our extended period of growth and maturation, during which our phenotypes adaptively respond to environmental cues. The hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axes are likely to be principal targets of developmental “programming” given their roles in coordinating fitness‐relevant aspects of the phenotype, including sexual development, adult reproductive and social strategies, and internal responses to the external environment. In social animals, including humans, the social environment is believed to be an important source of cues to which these axes may adaptively respond. The effects of early social environments on the HPA axis have been widely studied in humans, and to some extent, in other primates, but there are still major gaps in knowledge specifically relating to males. There has also been relatively little research examining the role that social environments play in developmental programming of the HPG axis or the HPA/HPG interface, and what does exist disproportionately focuses on females. These topics are likely understudied in males in part due to the difficulty of identifying developmental milestones in males relative to females and the general quiescence of the HPG axis prior to maturation. However, there are clear indicators that early life social environments matter for both sexes. In this review, we examine what is known about the impact of social environments on HPG and HPA axis programming during male development in humans and nonhuman primates, including the role that epigenetic mechanisms may play in this programming. We conclude by highlighting important next steps in this research area.
Utility of decision tools for assessing plant health risks from management strategies in natural environments
Authors: Donald Flora , Hedges Carrie , Purse Bethan V. , Cunniffe Nik J. , Green Sarah , Asaaga Festus A.
Published: May 2024

Increased imports of plants and timber through global trade networks provide frequent opportunities for the introduction of novel plant pathogens that can cross‐over from commercial to natural environments, threatening native species and ecosystem functioning. Prevention or management of such outbreaks relies on a diversity of cross‐sectoral stakeholders acting along the invasion pathway. Yet, guidelines are often only produced for a small number of stakeholders, missing opportunities to consider ways to control outbreaks in other parts of the pathway. We used the infection of common juniper with the invasive pathogen Phytophthora austrocedri as a case study to explore the utility of decision tools for managing outbreaks of plant pathogens in the wider environment. We invited stakeholders who manage or monitor juniper populations or supply plants or management advice to participate in a survey exploring their awareness of, and ability to use, an existing decision tree produced by a coalition of statutory agencies augmented with new distribution maps designed by the authors. Awareness of the decision tree was low across all stakeholder groups including those planting juniper for restoration purposes. Stakeholders requested that decision tools contain greater detail about environmental conditions that increase host vulnerability to the pathogen, and clearer examples of when management practices implicated in pathogen introduction or spread should not be adopted. The results demonstrate the need to set clear objectives for the purpose of decision tools and to frame and co‐produce them with many different stakeholders, including overlooked groups, such as growers and advisory agents, to improve management of pathogens in the wider environment.
Restoration age affects microbial‐herbaceous plant interactions in an oak woodland
Authors: Brant Rachel A. , Edwards Christine E. , Reid John Leighton , Bassüner Burgund , Delfeld Brad , Dell Noah , Mangan Scott A. , de la Paz Bernasconi Torres Victoria , Albrecht Matthew A.
Published: May 2024

In degraded ecosystems, soil microbial communities (SMCs) may influence the outcomes of ecological restoration. Restoration practices can affect SMCs, though it is unclear how variation in the onset of restoration activities in woodlands affects SMCs, how those SMCs influence the performance of hard‐to‐establish woodland forbs, and how different woodland forbs shape SMCs. In this study, we quantified soil properties and species abundances in an oak woodland restoration chronosequence (young, intermediate, and old restorations). We measured the growth of three woodland forb species when inoculated with live whole‐soil from young, intermediate, or old restorations. We used DNA metabarcoding to characterize SMCs of each inoculum treatment and the soil after conditioning by each plant species. Our goals were to (1) understand how time since the onset of restoration affected soil abiotic properties, plant communities, and SMCs in a restoration chronosequence, (2) test growth responses of three forb species to whole‐soil inoculum from restoration sites, and (3) characterize changes in SMCs before and after conditioning by each forb species. Younger restored woodlands had greater fire‐sensitive tree species and lower concentrations of soil phosphorous than intermediate or older restored woodlands. Bacterial and fungal soil communities varied significantly among sites. Forbs exhibited the greatest growth in soil from the young restoration. Each forb species developed a unique soil microbial community. Our results highlight how restoration practices affect SMCs, which can in turn affect the growth of hard‐to‐establish forb species. Our results also highlight that the choice of forb species can alter SMCs, which could have long‐term potential consequences for restoration success.
Linking anatomical and histological traits of the digestive tract to resource consumption and assimilation of omnivorous tetra fishes
Authors: Neves Mayara Pereira , Amorim João Paulo de Arruda , Delariva Rosilene Luciana , Kratina Pavel , Fialho Clarice Bernhardt
Published: May 2024

This study explores the interplay between digestive tract traits, food intake, and assimilation in omnivorous tetra fishes (Psalidodon bifasciatus, P. aff. gymnodontus, and Bryconamericus ikaa) from the Iguaçu River basin, an ecologically significant region known for high endemism. We hypothesize that variations in digestive tracts across species would be associated with differences in diet, isotopic composition in fish tissues, and overall diet assimilation. To test this, we employed stereoscopic and light microscopy to characterize the gross anatomy, histomorphology, and histochemistry of fish digestive tracts. Additionally, we used stomach content and stable isotope analyses to trace fish diets. While these tetra fishes shared histological structures, disparities were noted in anatomical digestive traits and diet preferences. The smallest species, B. ikaa, with a shorter intestine, had fewer pyloric caeca and primarily consumed animal‐based diets. Conversely, P. bifasciatus and P. aff. gymnodontus, with longer intestines, displayed numerous pyloric caeca and consumed a balanced mix of animal and plant items. Despite anatomical and dietary differences, all three species predominantly assimilated animal‐origin food. The tetra fishes had histological variations among digestive tract segments, with the esophagus having the thickest muscular layer, gradually thinning towards the posterior intestine. The final portion of the intestine exhibited a significant expansion in the lumen perimeter, while the esophagus had the smallest lumen area. Goblet cells were most concentrated in the posterior intestine for all species. The gross anatomy of these tetra fishes aligns with their omnivorous habit, while diet assimilation was dominated by animal‐origin food. These findings provide crucial insights into the structural and tissue characteristics of their digestive systems, laying the groundwork for deeper exploration into the physiological aspects of their digestive tracts and enhancing our understanding of their feeding strategies.
Dam‐induced difference of fish habitat distribution in the fluctuating backwater zone of the Three Gorges Dam
Authors: Wang Li , Xie Qingrong , Yang Shengfa , Xu Guanbing , Yang Wei , Hu Jiang
Published: May 2024

Changes in fish habitat induced by dam construction in the downstream river have been well documented in an increasing body of literature. Fish habitats in the backwater zone of dams have undergone dramatic changes, which have still remained poorly understood. This study aims to provide a more complete understanding of fish habitat distribution and clarify fish habitat utilization patterns in the upstream dam in order to adopt effective remediation activities. This study was conducted in the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) as it is the world's largest installed capacity hydropower station, with a backwater zone length of about 660 km. Four major Chinese carp (FMCC) were selected as target fish species, and fish habitat distribution upstream of TGD was assessed by integrating the swimming ability and environmental preference of different fish species into their critical life stages. Assessment results at different life stages of the target fish species showed that June was a critical period for spawning activities FMCC in the fluctuating backwater zone of TGD. The riverbank was an important feeding habitat for FMCC, and the high‐velocity flow in the centre of the channel exceeded the limits of the swimming ability of target fish. The fish habitat distribution in the fluctuating backwater zone of TGD was heavily affected by runoff from April to September and by dam operation from October to March of the next year. This work provide valuable information about river conservation and management in the upstream of TGD.
Regulation of B‐cell function and expression of CD11c, T‐bet, and FcRL5 in response to different activation signals
Authors: Kleberg Linn , Courey‐Ghaouzi Alan‐Dine , Lautenbach Maximilian Julius , Färnert Anna , Sundling Christopher
Published: May 2024

CD11c, FcRL5, or T‐bet are commonly expressed by B cells expanding during inflammation, where they can make up >30% of mature B cells. However, the association between the proteins and differentiation and function in the host response remains largely unclear. We have assessed the co‐expression of CD11c, T‐bet, and FcRL5 in an in vitro B‐cell culture system to determine how stimulation via the BCR, toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9), and different cytokines influence CD11c, T‐bet, and FcRL5 expression. We observed different expression dynamics for all markers, but a largely overlapping regulation of CD11c and FcRL5 in response to BCR and TLR9 activation, while T‐bet was strongly dependent on IFN‐γ signaling. Investigating plasma cell differentiation and APC functions, there was no association between marker expression and antibody secretion or T‐cell help. Rather the functions were associated with TLR9‐signalling and B‐cell‐derived IL‐6 production, respectively. These results suggest that the expression of CD11c, FcRL5, and T‐bet and plasma cell differentiation and improved APC functions occur in parallel and are regulated by similar activation signals, but they are not interdependent.
Daphnicyclidin Alkaloids 2001–2023
Authors: Gierok Jan , Hiersemann Martin
Published: May 2024

The Daphniphyllum alkaloids represent a particularly diverse class of complex diterpene alkaloids, which are characterized by their enormous structural diversity. The daphnicyclidins, a subgroup of these alkaloids, stand out due to their unique pentafulvene structural motif. This review article gives an overview of the compounds that have been isolated so far and can be assigned to this subgroup. Furthermore, all synthesis approaches and total syntheses published to date are presented.
A novel 2D‐electrophoresis method for the simultaneous visualization of phosphorylated and O‐GlcNAcylated proteoforms of a protein
Authors: Bulangalire Nathan , Claeyssen Charlotte , Douffi Sana , Agbulut Onnik , Cieniewski‐Bernard Caroline
Published: May 2024

Post‐translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation and O‐N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminylation (O‐GlcNAcylation), are involved in the fine spatiotemporal regulation of protein functions, and their dynamic interplay is at the heart of protein language. The coexistence of phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAcylation on a protein leads to the diversification of proteoforms. It is therefore essential to decipher the phosphorylation/O‐GlcNAcylation interplay on protein species that orchestrates cellular processes in a specific physiological or pathophysiological context. However, simultaneous visualization of phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAcylation patterns on a protein of interest remains a challenge. To map the proteoforms of a protein, we have developed an easy‐to‐use two‐dimensional electrophoresis method with a single sample processing permitting simultaneous visualization of the phosphorylated and the O‐GlcNAcylated forms of the protein of interest. This method, we termed 2D‐WGA‐Phos‐tag‐PAGE relies on proteoforms retardation by affinity gel electrophoresis. With this novel approach, we established the cartography of phospho‐ and glycoforms of αB‐crystallin and desmin in the whole extract and the cytoskeleton protein subfraction in skeletal muscle cells. Interestingly, we have shown that the pattern of phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAcylation depends of the subcellular subfraction. Moreover, we have also shown that proteotoxic stress condition increased the complexity of the pattern of PTMs on αB‐crystallin.
Experimental analysis of acidizing in Weizhou X low permeability reservoir
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Bin , Wei Feng , Lu Hongjun , Liu Banghua , Tang Mingguang , Zhu PengYu , Wang Rui , Yan Jian
Published: May 2024

Aiming at the problem of increased water injection pressure and poor water injection effect during the water injection operation of Weizhou X offshore low permeability oil reservoir. The cause of clogging was clarified using cast thin section experiments, water quality compatibility experiments and reservoir sensitivity experiments, and corresponding deblocking agents were configured based on the experimental results. The experimental results show that Weizhou X oilfield has strong velocity sensitivity (damage rate 85.35%) and strong salt sensitivity (damage rate 63.02%), and there is a phenomenon of water quality incompatibility. Analysis shows that the excessive velocity of the injected water causes the core particles to fall off and the water quality is incompatible with the calcium carbonate precipitation to cause pore throat blockage as the fluid migrates to the small roar, which is the main reason for the increase in water injection pressure. Based on the analysis results, the acid solution formula was optimized and determined to be: 12% HCl + 0.5% HF + 3% CH3COOH + 0.5% C6H12N4. Indoor test results show that the acid has good clay swelling prevention and reservoir modification effects, and the average reservoir modification rate is 129.21%. The plug‐removing effect is remarkable and can be promoted in similar oil fields.
Influence of metals on lignocellulolytic enzyme production and metal removal by Phlebia brevispora in a wheat straw based fixed‐bed bioreactor
Authors: Sharma Kalu Ram , Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

Heavy metals contamination poses a significant environmental threat, which requires the development of eco‐friendly bioremediation techniques. Present research work was conducted using wheat straw in submerged conditions for the growth of white rot fungus, Phlebia brevispora in the presence of varying concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr. The lignocellulolytic enzyme production ability of fungus was monitored. A wheat straw‐based fixed‐bed bioreactor was designed to treat metal‐containing water in continuous mode. The fungus showed a positive influence on laccase production, cellulase production, and lignin peroxidase activity. As observed through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Cr removal efficiency was 78%–80%, regardless of the initial metal concentration. The Cr was also found on the surface of fungal mycelium as per the results obtained from SEM–EDX. The continuous bioreactor achieved 98%–99% metal removal, making it a natural and cost‐effective solution for metal removal from wastewater using P. brevispora.
Low‐grade epilepsy‐associated tumors: Epilepsy outcome and antiseizure medication discontinuation after lesionectomies as first‐line surgical approach in pediatric population
Authors: Bernardo Pia , Scala Maria Rosaria , Rubino Alfonso , Spennato Pietro , Mirone Giuseppe , Russo Carmela , Santangelo Pia , Covelli Eugenio , Grimaldi Giampina , D'Onofrio Vittoria , Cinalli Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate epilepsy outcome and antiseizure medication (ASM) discontinuation after lesionectomies as first surgical approach in pediatric population diagnosed with low‐grade epilepsy‐associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEATs).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study. Thirty‐six consecutive patients with histological diagnoses of LEATs who underwent surgery between 2018 and 2021 at our institution were included. The clinical and surgical data were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Thirty (83.3%) of 36 patients are free of disabling seizures (Engel class I) and 19 (63,4%) of them are classified as Engel Ia. In 17 (47.2%) patients, ASM could be discontinued. The mean age at surgery was 8.6 years (±4.04) and the mean age at onset of epilepsy was 7.2 years (±3.8), whereas the mean duration of epilepsy in months at the time of surgery was 21.3 months (±23.7). The epileptogenic tumor was in the temporal lobe in 20 (55.5%) patients. Because of seizure persistence, a second or a third surgery was necessary for six patients (16.7%) and four of them had residual lesions (three in temporal and one in extratemporal site). No perioperative complications were recorded, including acute seizures, with a median hospitalization time of 7 days. Shorter epilepsy duration at time of surgery as long as a single ASM was significantly correlated with an Engel class I outcome (p‐value = .01 and p‐value = .016, respectively). Focal seizure semeiology was associated with an increased probability of antiseizure medication discontinuation (p‐value = .042).

Significance

Our findings confirm that shorter epilepsy disease duration, monotherapy before surgery, and seizure semeiology are determinant factors for a positive seizure outcome and medication discontinuation, also with less invasive surgical approaches such as lesionectomies. However, considering the intrinsic multifactorial epileptogenic nature of LEATs, a tailored surgical approach should be considered to optimize clinical and seizure outcome, especially for lesions located in the temporal lobe.