bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memórias de Residentes a Partir da Fanpage da Prefeitura do Salvador-BA
Authors: Costa Moabe Breno Ferreira , Alves Maria Lúcia Bastos
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta discussões desenvolvidas no doutoramento e parte da problemática de que a atual cultura de convergências e participações significativas exige das gestões municipais dos centros receptivos novas formas de compreensão e produção da comunicação turística. O objetivo deste construto é refletir sobre a comunicação turística praticada na Fanpage da Prefeitura do Salvador, capital da Bahia, verificando sua relação com percepções de residentes sobre a cultura turística local. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que segue o método crítico-dialético (Martins, 1994), tendo como procedimentos metodológicos a realização de entrevista semiestruturada com o então Secretário Municipal de Cultura e Turismo, monitoramento da postagem ‘Salvador Meu Carnaval’ na fanpage da prefeitura e crítica a manifestações de seguidores, além de observação participativa em eventos do calendário turístico governamental. Verifica-se uma relação cíclica entre memória digital e memória coletiva, na qual a primeira, constituída por informações institucionais e percepções de residentes disponibilizadas na rede digital, representa um caminho para o entendimento da segunda, onde estão experiências e argumentações populares sobre a cultura turística. O estudo considera a necessidade de uma metodologia específica para análise da memória coletiva a partir da fanpage, que estabeleça relações entre percepções, experiências sociais e formulações cognitivas dos usuários. Sugere-se que, por meio desta memória, a administração pode se apropriar de signos contemporâneos da cultura, atualizando continuamente a gestão da comunicação turística.
Turismo e Corrupção no Brasil
Authors: Marques Roseane Barcellos , Alves Carlos Alberto , Wada Elizabeth Kyoko
Published: July 2020

O desenvolvimento do turismo no Brasil é um desafio histórico para instituições públicas e privadas. O país possui atrativos culturais, sociais e naturais que sustentam sua inserção na rota do turismo mundial, mas as limitações, peculiares a um país com seu grau de desenvolvimento econômico, impõem um trade-off entre o turismo e os demais setores da economia. O período entre 2002 e 2017 abrange a tomada de decisão e hospedagem da Copa do Mundo de 2014 e dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. Em 2016, a cidade do Rio de Janeiro sediou os Jogos Olímpicos, além de outras cinco cidades que receberam os jogos de futebol. Os eventos corroboraram a perspectiva stop-and-go do desenvolvimento do turismo brasileiro e estimularam este estudo. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar os impactos da corrupção na construção da infraestrutura de megaeventos e nos resultados econômicos e turísticos do período. A pesquisa é de caráter exploratória com revisão de literatura e conteúdo publicado na mídia nacional, considera as práticas de corrupção reveladas pela mídia nacional, em formato digital e acesso público, na operacionalização da Copa do Mundo de 2014 e Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. Os dilemas surgiram com as denúncias de corrupção entre as organizações públicas, privadas e público-privadas, confirmadas por práticas de corrupção passiva e ativa que culminaram na condenação dos envolvidos.
Geoconservação e Geoturismo na Amazônia
Authors: Reis João Rodrigo Leitão dos , Faria Ivani Ferreira , Fraxe Therezinha De Jesus Pinto
Published: July 2020

Os Geoparques são reconhecidos pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) como estratégia para proteção da geodiversidade, nessa premissa, foi instituído em 2011, o Geoparque Cachoeiras do Amazonas (GCA), pela Prefeitura de Presidente Figueiredo, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Esse artigo, analisa a situação territorial do GCA focando nas possibilidades de real implementação do Geoturismo, a partir dos atrativos turísticos naturais encontrados nos estudos realizados no período de 1998 a 2020, a fim de subsidiar a elaboração de um plano de ação. Utilizou-se o método exploratório, baseado em bibliográfica e documental. Constatou-se que 57,4% da área do GCA está ocupada por “Territórios Institucionais”, enquanto que em 42,6% não foram encontradas sobreposições territoriais. Identificou-se oficialmente 81 atrativos turísticos naturais, com distintas formas de uso recreativo localizado, contudo, somente quatro foram reconhecidos como Geossítios. Para desenvolvimento do plano de ação, pondera-se a necessidade de complementação de estudos de capacidade de carga desses atrativos e a identificação de outros atrativos naturais. Indica-se ainda a adoção de regramento para gestão ambiental e turística dos locais, bem como a necessidade de interação entre sociedade local e organizações públicas e privadas para o fortalecimento da gestão do Geoparque, com desenvolvimento de agendas conjuntas que atendam objetivos comuns de proteção do patrimônio ambiental e geológico do território.
Experiência e negatividade em Gadamer
Authors: Ribeiro Felipe
Published: July 2020

O artigo busca analisar a noção de experiência negativa utilizada por Gadamer para descrever a experiência hermenêutica. Ao fazer isso, temos como objetivo refutar duas leituras problemáticas que são feitas a respeito da experiência hermenêutica: por um lado, que esta não tem a forma positiva e otimista que uma leitura simplista de Verdade e método poderia sugerir; por outro, que o intérprete também pode estabelecer uma quebra de identificação com a tradição, o que permitirá por sua vez entender como a relação hermenêutica com a tradição não implica cega submissão a esta, sendo antes mediada por uma distância.
Militância e docência
Authors: Azul Carolina Serra
Published: July 2020

Resenha de Antonio Candido 100 anos (Editora 34, 2018), com organização de Maria Augusta Fonseca e Roberto Schwarz.
“Four Kingdoms” in the Dead Sea Scrolls?
Authors: Sharon Nadav
Published: July 2020

The “Four Empires” scheme appears in literature from around the ancient Near East, as well as in the biblical book of Daniel. Daniel’s scheme was adopted in subsequent Jewish literature as a basic division of world history. In addition, the book of Daniel appears to have had a prominent place in the Qumran library. Scholars have identified, or suggested, the existence of the “Four Empires” scheme in two texts found among the Qumran scrolls, the “New Jerusalem” text (4Q554), and, especially, in the so-called “Four Kingdoms”(!) text (4Q552–553). This paper will examine these texts, will argue that the “four empires” scheme is not attested in the Qumran scrolls (apart from Daniel), and will suggest alternative understandings of those two texts.
La réception de Condorcet en Bulgarie
Authors: Zaїmova Raїa
Published: July 2020

Je me propose de faire un bref aperçu des traductions bulgares de l’œuvre de Condorcet : son nom apparaît au début du XXe siècle grâce à la traduction de l’Esquisse d’un tableau historique des progrès de l’esprit humain par le juriste Tzvetan Vassilev Poupechkov. L’œuvre est à nouveau publiée dans les années 1940 pour répondre aux besoins idéologiques des milieux socialistes et communistes. L’article s’emploie à définir les motifs du traducteur bulgare Dimităr Ivanov Polyanov (1876-1953), poète « du prolétariat » éduqué en France, et à éclairer l’intérêt des éditeurs et des chercheurs des deux dernières décennies pour l’œuvre de Condorcet.
Ouverture d’un espace de liberté : les recherches en littérature et histoire des Lumières en Pologne, 1945-1990
Authors: Cieński Marcin
Published: July 2020

L’article presente les changements qui se sont manifestes dans la recherche polonaise, essentiellement en litterature et histoire des Lumieres, entre 1945 et 1990. L’accent est mis sur l’impact du contexte politique sur la recherche. Les annees 1945-1956 ont ete marquees par de fortes contraintes ideologiques car le regime communiste imposait aux chercheurs une vision simplifiee des Lumieres censee repondre aux besoins de ses plans. Apres l’epoque stalinienne, la pression ideologique et institutionnelle s’est progressivement reduite, ouvrant la voie a davantage de liberte de recherche et d’interpretation des Lumieres. Si certains episodes historiques continuaient a faire l’objet de debats publics, la vision des Lumieres produite par les travaux s’effectuait desormais sans ingerence directe du pouvoir.
Frans van Mieris’s Painting Technique as One of the Possible Sources for Willem Beurs’s Treatise on Painting
Authors: Pottasch Carol
Published: July 2020

The seventeenth-century artist Frans van Mieris was masterful in the realistic rendering of different materials, like satin, velvet, fur and metal. His work could well have been a source for fabrics and other materials for the slightly younger Willem Beurs’s 1692 treatise on painting. This paper will show how acute Van Mieris observations were in depicting these materials, and the role that reflections play in our perception of their realism.
Analysis of Climate Change Education (CCE) Programs: Focusing on Cultivating Citizen Activists to Respond to Climate Change
Authors: Park Na-Eun , Choe Seung-Urn , Kim Chan-Jong
Published: July 2020

Climate change education (CCE) programs should foster citizen response to climate change by integrating knowledge/skill development with reflection on the need for actively changing current social systems and personal actions. An analytical framework was developed to examine 16 Korean and international CCE programs to identify (1) structure and content and (2) to categorize action-emphasized climate change education (AECCE) programs. Results show most CCE programs are for elementary levels and place emphasis on knowledge/skill development, but not on action. AECCE categorized programs were less structured, included more reflexive activities, and promoted more action. Korean AECCE programs offered online content and promoted action at the personal level. International AECCE programs balanced online/real-life content and promoted more action at the socio-political level. AECCE programs need to foster values/attitudes and to promote participation and action at all grade levels, should balance potential and practical components, and target both personal and socio-political levels of action.
Serving and Working for Others
Authors: Chevaleyre Claude
Published: July 2020

Over the past decades, “wage labor” has been a lingering issue in studies on the development patterns of late imperial China. The legal reconfiguration of the category of “hired laborers” (gugong 僱工) between 1588 and 1788, in particular, has been foregrounded as a salient manifestation of the “incipient capitalism” going hand in hand with the emergence of a “free” labor market and with the decline of bound labor. Questioning the preconception that the mere appearance of labor relations mediated by means of wages would suffice to prove the existence of “free labor,” this article proposes to revisit the issue of “hired labor” in late imperial China. It approaches this issue from a conceptual standpoint, as a first step toward an overdue reassessment of the significance of wages in labor relations and their impact on the status of workers. The first section endeavors to sketch out a general conceptualization of gugong from the Great Ming Code and from Ming and Qing legal exegesis. The second section focuses on the study of the legal redefinition of gugong between the late sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, and looks for the social and legal implications of being hired. By doing so, it also explores changes in the Chinese conception of the notion of “service” and its relationship with what we would name “servitude.”
Una leggenda in laki da Darb-e Gonbad (Lorestān, Iran)
Authors: Belelli Sara
Published: July 2020

Laki is a Northwest Iranian language spoken by both settled and nomadic people in the area of west Iran unofficially known as Lakestān, wedged between the Kurdish and Lori ethno-linguistic continua. This paper presents a popular legend in the Kākāvandi variety of Laki, giving an interesting insight into folk beliefs and practices related to the emāmzāde of Šāhzāde Moḥammad, a shrine located in the rural village of Darb-e Gonbad (Northern Lorestān). The text is accompanied by concise dialectological and lexical notes.
Entosthodon elimbatus (Bryophyta, Funariaceae), a new species from the sub-alpine region in Yunnan and E. physcomitrioides new for mainland China

Authors: MA WEN-ZHANG , SHEVOCK JAMES R. , HE SI , LIU YAN
Published: July 2020

Entosthodon elimbatus W.Z. Ma, Shevock & S. He, a new species from a sub-alpine area in Yunnan, China, is described here based on morphological and molecular data. Morphologically, the new species resembles the widespread species E. buseanus, but differs most notably in having significantly shortened setae, smaller capsules and nearly unbordered laminae. Images from the scanning electron microscope also show compound-papillose ornamentation over the spore surface, which is characteristic of this new species. The generic validation of the new species in Entosthodon is supported by a phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid rps4 sequence. Entosthodon physcomitrioides, characterized by its well-developed apophysis and peristome, is confirmed as a new record for mainland China. Detailed descriptions and illustrations for both species are provided.
LIVING IN THE CLOUDS: A NEW HIGH-ELEVATION SPECIES OF VANILLA (ORCHIDACEAE, VANILLOIDEAE) FROM PERÚ

Authors: DAMIAN ALEXANDER , MITIDIERI NICOLE
Published: July 2020

Vanilla armoriquensis, a new species belonging to subgen. Vanilla, is described and illustrated based on living material from Peru. The new species is similar to V. costaricensis but can be easily distinguished by the larger sepals and petals, and a lip with a well-developed triangular apex, bearing a callus with prominent, broad keels, that has an orange coloration at the base and above the middle.
A new species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae), L. konchurangensis, from the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Authors: HA THI DUNG , QUANG BUI HONG , TRAN THE BACH , DO HAI VAN , THANH HUONG NGUYEN THI , THU HA BUI , TAGANE SHUICHIRO , OGURI EMIKO , NAIKI AKIYO , DANG VAN-SON
Published: July 2020

A new species, Lasianthus konchurangensis V.S.Dang, T.B.Tran & T.D.Ha (sect. Lasianthus), is described and illustrated from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, Gia Lai Province, the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Lasianthus konchurangensis resembles L. foetidissimus but differs in having larger leaves, more secondary veins, larger calyx and purple corolla. Photographs, vernacular name, preliminary conservation assessment, and a table comparing L. konchurangensis with L. foetidissimus are provided.
Description of Isoetes afloramientorum, sp. nov. (Isoetaceae), and a second record for Isoetes santacruzensis, two granite outcrop quillworts in Bolivia

Authors: BRUNTON DANIEL F. , DE SOUSA PEREIRA JOVANI B.
Published: July 2020

A second population of the diploid Isoetes santacruzensis is reported. This extends the range of that newly described endemic of granite outcrop pools by approximately 100 kms southward into central Bolivia from its type location. Another distinct taxon has been detected in the vicinity of the new I. santacruzensis population. The morphology of probably tetraploid I. afloramientorum sp. nov. is described. A cluster of distinct taxa comparable to similar complexes seen in North America, Australia and northern Brazil may be present on Bolivian granite outcrops. There is an urgent need for field investigation of this unique and important habitat to determine the contemporary status and protection requirements of its rare and possibly endangered flora.
A New Bent-toed Gecko (Cyrtodactylus: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Island of Tanahjampea, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: RIYANTO AWAL , HAMIDY AMIR , MCGUIRE JIMMY A.
Published: July 2020

The recent description of Cyrtodactylus tahuna from Sangihe Island and descriptions of other new species from remote islands in the Indo-Australian Archipelago indicate the important role of oceanic dispersal and isolation in the evolution and diversification of the genus Cyrtodactylus. We provide another example involving Tanahjampea Island, a remote island 155 km south of the Southwestern Peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Here, we describe a new species on the basis of 11 specimens collected from that island. This new species is an intermediate sized Cyrtodactylus with a snout–vent length of up to 76.1 mm in adult males and 72.8 mm in females. It is easily distinguished from all recognized species occurring on Sulawesi as well as in the Moluccas and Lesser Sunda Islands by the following unique combination of characters: (1) brachium and antebrachium tuberculated, (2) ventrolateral folds with tubercles, (3) 20–23 irregularly aligned rows of keeled tubercles, (4) 31–34 paravertebral tubercles, (5) 29–34 ventral scales between ventrolateral folds, (6) no precloacal depression, (7) enlarged precloacofemoral scales in continuous series, (8) males with 20–24 precloacofemoral pores in wide Ʌ-shape, (9) enlarged post precloacal scales present, (10) 19–21 fourth toe subdigital lamellae, (11) enlarged transversely median subcaudals absent, (12) tail not prehensile, (13) tubercles extend along 71% of original tail length, and (14) the original tails reaching 147% of snout–vent length. We also provide an identification key to the bent toed gecko species that occur in the Wallacea region.
New records and a confirmation of three perlodid species in China,
with additional notes and images of Rauserodes epiproctalis (Zwick, 1997)
(Plecoptera: Perlodidae)
Authors: HUO QING-BO , CHEN ZHEN-NING , KONG XIANG-BO , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: July 2020

Three species of the family Perlodidae are newly reported or confirmed for China, Isoperla asiatica Raušer from Arxan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Isoperla eximia Zapekina-Dulkeit from Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, and Mesoperlina capnoptera (McLachlan, 1886) from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Based on new material, additional taxonomic notes and images of another perlodid stonefly, Rauserodes epiproctalis (Zwick, 1997) is provided.
A new species of Pimelodella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Orinoco River basin
Authors: CORTÉS-HERNÁNDEZ MIGUEL ÁNGEL , DONASCIMIENTO CARLOS , RAMÍREZ-GIL HERNANDO
Published: July 2020

A new species of Pimelodella is described from western Andean tributaries of the Orinoco River basin. The new species differs from all congeners by a unique set of characters that includes long maxillary barbel, surpassing the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin; relatively short adipose fin (32.8–36.4 of SL); 40–42 total vertebrae; posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with 12–18 retrorse dentations along basal two thirds; laterosensory canal foramina of dentary and preopercle large and externally conspicuous; a brown faint and narrow midlateral stripe extending from the pseudotympanum, fading posteriorly along the caudal peduncle, and ending as a spot at the caudal-fin base; and dorsal-fin base darkly pigmented, from spinelet to posteriormost interradial membrane. Taxonomic status of P. pallida and presence of P. cruxenti in Colombia are also discussed.
A new species of Odontella from Tierra del Fuego and notes on Afrodontella Deharveng, 1981 (Collembola: Odontellidae)
Authors: ARBEA JAVIER I. , PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G.
Published: July 2020

Odontella rapoporti sp. nov., from Tierra del Fuego is described, as the third species of the Odontella lobata group, which has a subantarctic distribution. The new species is similar to O. lobata and O. setosa, but can be distinguished from them by the number of chaetae on the dens (6 or 7 chaetae in O. setosa vs. 5 chaetae in the other species) and the number of chaetae in the distal whorl of the tibiotarsus (9 chaetae in O. lobata vs. 11 in the other species). The closely related monotypic genus Afrodontella Deharveng, 1981, and its type species (A. septemlobata) are described.
Electronic identification key and data base to the genus Chinavia (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with morphological and distributional data
Authors: SERVINO LEONARDO MATHEUS , SCHWERTNER CRISTIANO FELDENS
Published: July 2020

The genus Chinavia Orian has a great diversity of species, being distributed in the Nearctic, Neotropical and Afrotropical regions (Rolston 1983; Schwertner & Grazia 2007, Grazia & Schwertner 2017). The genus is included in the subfamily Pentatominae, tribe Nezarini, whose individuals retain their green coloration after death, average size between 9 and 19 mm, and considered polyphagous (Rolston 1983; Schwertner et al. 2002; Rider 2020). Some species of Chinavia are recorded as important crop pests in different countries (e.g. Matesco et al. 2007; Herbert & Toews 2012), and those species are better known regarding distribution, ecology and other biological aspects. However, the great majority of species is known only for the adult morphology, and there are still problems concerning the correct identification of the species due to their wide distribution.
An Assessment of Winter Orographic Precipitation and Cloud-Seeding Potential in Wyoming
Authors: Tessendorf Sarah A. , Ikeda Kyoko , Weeks Courtney , Rasmussen Roy , Wolff Jamie , Xue Lulin
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an evaluation of the precipitation patterns and seedability of orographic clouds in Wyoming using SNOTEL precipitation data and a high-resolution multiyear model simulation over an 8-yr period. A key part of assessing the potential for cloud seeding is to understand the natural precipitation patterns and how often atmospheric conditions and clouds meet cloud-seeding criteria. The analysis shows that high-resolution model simulations are useful tools for studying patterns of orographic precipitation and establishing the seedability of clouds by providing information that is either missed by or not available from current observational networks. This study indicates that the ground-based seeding potential in some mountain ranges in Wyoming is limited by flow blocking and/or prevailing winds that were not normal to the barrier to produce upslope flow. Airborne seeding generally had the most potential for all of the mountain ranges that were studied.
The Dependency Structure of Bad Jobs: How Market Constraint Undermines Job Quality
Authors: Benton Richard A. , Kim Ki-Jung
Published: July 2020

Power and dependence in economic exchange shape industry structure. When a focal industry faces powerful suppliers or buyers, this can reduce industry rents. The authors argue that these dynamics also affect job quality by reducing the economic surplus available to be shared with workers. Drawing on ideas from power-dependency theory, this article explains industry earnings and job quality differences by examining inter-industry exchange patterns. The authors build on Ronald Burt’s seminal analysis of structural constraint in economic exchange using industry input-output tables. They calculate market constraint measures for recent years in the United States and link these with CPS data on wages and benefits. Analyses reveal that workers in more buyer-constrained industries (dependence on powerful buyers) experience lower wages and benefits. Findings also show that market constraint reduces the economic surplus available for union bargaining. Theory and results suggest that market concentration reduces suppliers’ economic rents, harming job quality.
Does ‘Fear of COVID-19’ trigger future career anxiety? An empirical investigation considering depression from COVID-19 as a mediator
Authors: Mahmud Md. Shahed , Talukder Mesbah Uddin , Rahman Sk. Mahrufur
Published: July 2020

Background:

Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, the mental health of the people all around the world is severely disrupted.

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to identify whether ‘Fear of COVID-19’ impacted on future workforces’ career anxiety at the first place and whether depression from COVID-19 has any indirect effect on ‘Fear of COVID-19’ and future workforces’ career anxiety.

Method:

Based on three different scales related to ‘Fear of COVID-19’, depression and career anxiety, a structured questionnaire was developed and the survey data was collected for this study.

Results:

The empirical result of the study reveals that, due to the outbreak of COVID-19 fear, the future workforce is getting anxious about their future career. Again, depression from COVID-19, caused by ‘Fear of COVID-19’, as a mediator, has a significant indirect impact on the relationship between ‘Fear of COVID-19’ and future career anxiety, resulting in a full mediation. This means, due to the outbreak of ‘Fear of COVID-19’ people are becoming depressed and anxious about their future career which is creating a long-term negative effect on human psychology.

Conclusion:

These research findings will be a major tool for the policymakers, as well as the human resource planning professionals, to sketch plans after COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a novel work combining the concepts of fear and depression with career anxiety in a pandemic situation like COVID-19, and also assists future researchers in many folds.
Introduction to the Special Feature on Dynamic Processes of Rebel Governance
Authors: Cunningham Kathleen Gallagher , Loyle Cyanne E.
Published: July 2020

Research on conflict processes has recently highlighted the myriad of tactics rebels use which are not violent in nature (cf. Petrova 2019; Ryckman 2020; Cunningham, Dahl, and Frugé 2017). Concurrently, rebel governance has drawn increasing attention from scholars and peacebuilding practitioners. In-depth historical studies of rebel groups highlight the activities and behaviors that rebels engage in beyond making war—such as providing social services and building local political institutions (Mampilly 2011; Arjona 2016a; Arjona, Kasfir, and Mampilly 2015). Complementing these works, studies have sought to provide cross-national examination of trends in these governance behaviors (Huang 2016; Heger and Jung 2017; Stewart 2018). Despite this work, quantitative and formal research in conflict processes often ignores the insights that the rebel governance literature has generated, frequently focusing exclusively on violent tactics or considering governance issues primarily as part of conflict settlement processes. In this special feature, we work to integrate the study of rebel governance with the conflict processes literature, providing a conceptual link between the two while offering novel contributions to advance our understanding of the dynamic processes of rebel governance.
Community Perceptions of Harm Reduction and Its Implications for Syringe Exchange Policy
Authors: Sharp Amanda , Barnett Joshua T. , Vroom Enya B.
Published: July 2020

In the United States, the rising prevalence of opioid addiction has led to an increase in opioid-related overdose deaths and transmission of infectious disease. This resulted in the declaration of a national public health emergency and the need for harm reduction strategies such as syringe exchange. Florida has seen increases in blood-borne diseases and fatal/nonfatal opioid overdoses, yet harm reduction policy integration has been historically limited. To inform policy change, this study explores the perspectives of community members in Manatee County, Florida, on harm reduction services. Six focus groups were conducted with findings centralized around three emergent themes related to the implementation of a syringe exchange program: (a) awareness and acceptability; (b) facilitating factors; and (c) perceived barriers. The results of this qualitative research helped to inform the successful adoption of a local syringe exchange ordinance. Recommendations for community education and engagement regarding harm reduction policy are discussed.
Studying the Impact of Video Modeling for Algebra Instruction for Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Satsangi Rajiv , Billman Rachel H. , Raines Alexandra R. , Macedonia Anna M.
Published: July 2020

An established research base exists for using video modeling to teach students with severe disabilities. However, the application of this strategy for teaching academic skills to students with a learning disability is less known, particularly in secondary mathematics. Video modeling provides a resource for supplementary instruction using age-appropriate technology to support student learning. To explore the use of this strategy in algebra, this study assessed video modeling paired with a system of prompting to teach three secondary students with a mathematics learning disability how to graph linear equations. Using a single subject multiple probe design, the researchers found that student performance across multiple measures, including problem-solving accuracy and independence, improved for all three students during treatment phases. These results and their implications for the broader field of mathematics education are discussed.
The module configuration optimization of vertical computer numerical control honing machine based on ideal outranking cardinal point
Authors: Wang Chuang , Zhou Guanghui , Chang Fengtian , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2020

To find the optimal one from all feasible module configuration schemes of high-end computer numerical control machine tools according to performance, cost, and delivery, this article studies the method of module configuration optimization. An ideal outranking cardinal point based on the module configuration optimization approach of vertical computer numerical control honing machine is proposed in this article. First, it establishes the multi-objective decision model of the module configuration optimization according to performance indicator function, cost indicator function, and delivery indicator function. Second, the feasible configuration schemes, which are obtained based on customer requirements, are transformed into the data matrix of decision attributes. Third, ideal outranking cardinal point is used to calculate the multi-objective decision model of the module configuration optimization. According to the comprehensive distance between the feasible configuration schemes and the ideal outranking cardinal point, and the inverse ideal outranking cardinal point, the optimal configuration scheme is selected. The feasibility and universality of the proposed approach is verified by a module configuration optimization case of vertical computer numerical control honing machine.
Revolution and human rights thought in the political philosophy of Catharine Macaulay, Mary Wollstonecraft and Anna Laetitia Barbauld
Authors: Frick Marie-Luisa
Published: July 2020

The Age of Reason is first and foremost an age of public reasoning. Equipped with a fresh and indeed unprecedented consciousness of feasibility and responsibility, educated citizens start to participate actively – and in many cases by taking personal risks – in discourses on political, religious and philosophical issues. In this article, I will highlight two core issues of the late eighteenth century – the dispute about the legitimacy of the French Revolution as well as its underlying philosophical conceptions and the rising human rights idea – and thereby revisit the interventions of three women who, though rediscovered in various fields of research, still have to gain their due recognition as pre-eminent political philosophers of their time.
Polish–English bilingual children overuse referential markers: MLU inflation in Polish-language narratives
Authors: Otwinowska Agnieszka , Opacki Marcin , Mieszkowska Karolina , Białecka-Pikul Marta , Wodniecka Zofia , Haman Ewa
Published: July 2020

Polish and English differ in the surface realization of the underlying Determiner Phrase (DP): Polish lacks an article system, whereas English makes use of articles for both grammatical and pragmatic reasons. This difference has an impact on how referentiality is rendered in both languages. In this article, the authors investigate the use of referential markers by Polish–English bilingual children and Polish monolingual children. Using the LITMUS-MAIN picture stories, the authors collected speech samples of Polish–English bilinguals raised in the UK ( n = 92, mean age 5;7) and compared them with matched Polish monolinguals ( n = 92, mean age 5;7). The analyses revealed that the bilinguals’ mean length of utterance (MLU) in Polish was significantly higher than that of the monolinguals because the bilinguals produced significantly more referential markers (especially pronouns) which inflated their MLU. The authors posit that the non-standard referentiality used by the bilinguals in Polish is caused by cross-language transfer at the syntax–pragmatics interface. When producing narratives in Polish, Polish–English bilinguals overuse referential markers as cohesive devices in their stories, which is not ungrammatical, but pragmatically odd in Polish. Bilinguals tend to do this because they are immersed in English-language input, rich in overt pronouns. Thus, in the process of realizing the surface features of the Polish DP they partly rely on an underlying English DP structure.
Methane displacement characteristic of coal and its pore change in water injection
Authors: Chen Xuexi , Shan Wenxuan , Sun Ruibang , Zhang Liang
Published: July 2020

Coalbed methane as one type of clean energy has become an important gas resource recently. High-pressure water injection in coal seams is an effective approach for improving gas extraction efficiency, which is determined by the gas displacement characteristic and pore structure of coal. To investigate the gas displacement characteristics in coal and its pore response and influential factors, gas adsorption and water injection experiments were conducted under different conditions. The results show that the gas displacement caused by the water injection undergoes three stages: rapid increase, slow increase, and almost constant. The wetting process in water injection includes three processes: wetting, soaking, and spreading, and the wettability of coking coal is best, followed by lean coal and anthracite. The amount of gas driven by the water increases with increasing water injection pressure, and it is more favorable to increase the injection pressure to improve the gas displacement effect under the relatively low injection pressure. The lower the coal rank, the better the gas displacement effect due to the higher porosity of the coal, and the longer the early gas displacement stage. The high adsorption equilibrium pressure can improve the gas displacement effect; for the relatively high adsorption equilibrium pressure, the gas displacement effect is better. After water injection in coal, the large fractures and pores dramatically increase in size, especially for the low metamorphic coals coking coal, contributing to the majority of the increase in porosity. The results of this study can provide a theoretical foundation for the wide application of water injection technology for efficient gas drainage in coal mines.
Multi-case study on the carbon emissions of the ecological dwellings in cold regions of China over the whole life cycle
Authors: Luo Zhixing , Lu Yiqing
Published: July 2020

This study employed the bottom-up life cycle assessment method, examining the life cycle carbon emissions of three dwellings constructed at different times with different techniques in Yinchuan City, China, i.e. traditional earth brick dwelling (Case 1), brick–straw bale dwelling (Case 2), wood–straw solar energy dwelling (Case 3). The study aimed to find the methods of reducing carbon emissions, so as to slow down the global warming. The results showed that (1) with excellent thermal insulation properties, straw bale was remarkably effective in reducing carbon emissions from heating at the use stage; (2) 15 kWp solar photovoltaic panels contributed to offsetting the carbon emission of the dwelling; (3) straw bales and logs could store the carbon in building envelope, which partly offset the carbon emissions. The findings of this study have proved that ecological building materials and solar photovoltaic system have great potential in reducing carbon emissions of buildings, and can provide a basis for the design and material selection of future dwellings in order to promote the development of green dwellings.
Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis: Analysis of 9 Cases in Our Hospital
Authors: Wu Peng , Ye Fan , Zhang Ziheng , Zhang Linghao , Lin Hailiang , Ye Fei , Zhuang Zai , Lin Renyu , Ye Min , Lin Xiaoming , Li He
Published: July 2020

Objectives:

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a serious and progressive infection involving the neck and chest and with high mortality if not treated quickly and properly. The aim of this study is to share our practices for managing this condition.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 9 patients diagnosed with DNM in our hospital between January 2006 and October 2019. Age, gender, origin of infection, length of hospital stay, microorganisms present, type of surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes were reviewed.

Results:

All patients underwent surgery to drain neck and mediastinal secretions and collections. Three (33.3%) patients were treated with transcervical drainage alone, and 6 (66.7%) patients were treated with combined transcervical and transthoracic drainage. Reoperations were reported in 3 (33.3%) cases. The average length of hospital stay was 22.78 ± 10.05 days (range: 9-40 days). The average length of intensive care unit stay was 6.44 ± 10.10 days (range: 0-25 days). There were no in-hospital deaths, and all patients were discharged home with good outcomes.

Conclusions:

To improve the prognosis of DNM, we suggest early and adequate debridement of all affected areas along with the proper use of antibiotics. A multidisciplinary approach involving both cardiothoracic and ENT surgeons is also required.
T1b Glottic Tumor and Anterior Commissure Involvement: Is the Transoral CO2 Laser Microsurgery a Safe Option?
Authors: Cabrera-Sarmiento Juan Antonio , Vázquez-Barro Juan Carlos , González-Botas Jesús Herranz , Chiesa-Estomba Carlos , Mayo-Yáñez Miguel
Published: July 2020

Objectives:

Transoral CO2 laser therapy represents the treatment of choice for early-stage laryngeal tumors. The anterior commissure involvement (ACI) is related to a worse local control and a lower rates of organ preservation. The objective of this study is to analyze the differences in survival, local control, and organ preservation in T1b glottic patients according to the presence of ACI.

Methods:

Observational prospective study in pT1b treated with transoral CO2 laser between 2009 and 2014.

Results:

Forty patients (37 male and 3 female) with a mean age of 66.43 ± 8.16 years were recruited. Anterior commissure involvement was present in 70% of the patients. The 5-year specific cause survival was 91.66%, with 32.50% of local recurrences. Laryngeal preservation was 80%, being lower in the group with local recurrence ( P < .000). The involvement of the anterior commissure does not influence the organ preservation ( P = .548), the appearance of local recurrences ( P = .391), or the survival ( P = .33).

Conclusions:

Transoral CO2 laser therapy is an effective and reproducible treatment for early-stage laryngeal tumors. The results obtained are similar to previous studies, although they present discrepancies in relation to the role of the ACI. Prospective randomized trials are required focusing also on the patients’ quality of life and functional outcome in order to clarify the role of the ACI and the need to implement changes in its evaluation, staging, and evolution.
Balloon Dilation of the Eustachian Tube for Baro-Challenge-Induced Otologic Symptoms in Military Divers and Aviators: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Utz Edward R. , LaBanc Austin J. , Nelson Mikal J. , Gaudreau Philip A. , Wise Sean R.
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of balloon dilation (tuboplasty) of the Eustachian tube (BET) in active duty military personnel working in hyper- and hypobaric environments suffering from baro-challenge-induced ETD using functional outcomes.

Methods:

Military divers and aviators diagnosed with persistent baro-challenge-induced ETD resulting in disqualification from performing flight and dive duties and who elected for treatment with BET were included for analysis. Posttreatment follow-up assessments were undertaken at 1, 6, and 12 months. Outcome measures included successful hyperbaric chamber testing or return to the hyper- or hypobaric environment without significant baro-challenge-induced ETD symptoms and pre- and postdilation Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) scores.

Results:

Mean pretreatment duration of symptoms was 48 months (range: 3-120 months). Following treatment, 92% (12/13) of patients successfully returned to operational duties with resolution of limiting symptoms. Average return to duty time was 8.5 weeks (range: 6-24 weeks). The ETDQ-7 scores improved from a mean of 4.33 (2.57-6.57) predilation to 2.19 (1.00-4.43) postdilation ( Z = 2.73, W = 70, P = .0063). Mean duration of follow-up was 38 weeks (range: 13-70 weeks).

Conclusion:

Eustachian tube balloon dilation appears to be a safe and highly effective treatment option for baro-challenge-induced ETD in affected military divers and aviators who work in hyper- and hypobaric environments. Further study is needed to determine whether similar results can be achieved in more diverse subject populations and to assess long-term effectiveness.
Neither an Optimist Nor a Pessimist Be: Mistaken Expectations Lower Well-Being
Authors: de Meza David , Dawson Chris
Published: July 2020

This article speaks to the classic view that mental health requires accurate self-perception. Using a representative British sample ( N = 1,601) it finds that, as measured by two established well-being indicators, those with mistaken expectations, whether optimistic or pessimistic, do worse than realists. We index unrealistic optimism as the difference between financial expectations and financial realizations measured annually over 18 years. The effects are not small, with those holding the most pessimistic (optimistic) expectations experiencing a 21.8% (13.5%) reduction in long-run well-being. These findings may result from the decision errors and counteracting emotions associated with holding biased beliefs. For optimists, disappointment may eventually dominate the anticipatory feelings of expecting the best while for pessimists the depressing effect of expecting doom may eventually dominate the elation when the worst is avoided. Also, plans based on inaccurate beliefs are bound to deliver worse outcomes than would rational expectations.
Global Solidarity, Global Worker Empowerment, and Global Strategy in the Anti-sweatshop Movement
Authors: Williams Matthew S.
Published: July 2020

I explore the ideology of worker empowerment among U.S. anti-sweatshop activists, particularly United Students Against Sweatshops, and its strategic consequences for transnational campaigns. This ideology is central in shaping the movement’s transnational strategy and organization, fostering communication and accountability, particularly to organizations representing sweatshop workers. Such organizational choices, in turn, shape how transnational networks strategize. For example, the anti-sweatshop movement rarely uses the familiar tactic of boycotts, due to opposition from workers. The more empowered sweatshop workers in such networks, the more informed decisions their allies can make, and the more strategically effective the movement can be.
Agentic Misfit: An Empirical Demonstration of Non-Matching Human Agency amid Complexity
Authors: Poulis Konstantinos , Poulis Efthimios , Jackson Paul
Published: July 2020

Alignment of organizations with external imperatives is seen as a sine qua non of proper organizing and strategizing by many fit and complexity scholars. Any deviation from this management mantra engenders organizational decline and, ultimately, mortality. We put this axiomatic principle under empirical scrutiny and use the law of requisite variety as our organizing principle to do so. The law is an iconic cornerstone of this matching contingency logic and it has served to legitimize a wide range of fit decisions in, e.g., leadership, organizational learning and corporate governance. Inspired by organizational vignettes inhabiting antithetical complexity regimes, we introduce a novel concept, which we label ‘agentic misfit’. In this way, we deconstruct deterministic assumptions related to environmental fittingness, we challenge teleological orientations in the fit literature, and we flesh out the viability of non-matching human agency amid complexity.
Times of Work and Social Life: Bangladeshi Migrants in Northeast Italy and London
Authors: King Russell , Della Puppa Francesco
Published: July 2020

Taking inspiration from renewed scholarly interest in the role of time in migration, we compare the temporalities of work and social life among male Bangladeshi-origin migrants in northeast Italy and London. We draw conceptually on time geography and rhythmanalysis, and empirically on interviews with 40 Bangladeshi migrant men, to demonstrate the stark contrasts in migrants’ daily lives in the two settings and the impacts of moving from northeast Italy to London. More broadly, this article contributes to debates on the temporalities and rhythms of migrants’ everyday lives via comparative analysis. While in both settings capitalism inexorably shaped class dynamics through its command over flexible labor, there were also marked differences in the routinization of migrants’ work and social and family life. In northeast Italy’s small industrial towns, stable shift-based working rhythms created regular free time for family and associative life. In London, where participants’ employment was limited to low-skill jobs with unsocial hours, family and social life was disrupted, with consequential effects on social integration. The findings presented here highlight the under-appreciated role of onward migration in global migration dynamics and underscore the importance of time, in particular the way in which the diverse temporalities of migrants’ daily lives are shaped by the mode of regulation of the labor market and the spatial setting where migrants’ working and social lives unfold.
Rhetoric, discourse and the hermeneutics of public speech
Authors: Martin James
Published: July 2020

What insights and advantages do rhetorical approaches offer over other methods of exploring social and political discourse? This article aims to clarify the contribution of rhetorical analysis by exploring its distinctive, hermeneutic attention to public speech. Public speaking is, accordingly, viewed as a practice of assembling meaningful interpretations in specific situations. Central here is a temporal dimension. Analysing rhetoric involves grasping discourse, on the one hand, as concretely situated in response to proximate constraints and, on the other hand, as a medium to move beyond the situation towards a future. Following John Caputo’s reading of Derrida, I argue that, examined rhetorically, public speech enacts a ‘negotiation’ of past and future, intertwining conditional – and hence partially calculable – positions with an ‘unconditional promise’ to prepare for what comes. Although compatible with other approaches, rhetorical analysis is uniquely attuned to this intrinsically ethical and political quality of discursive action.
Microvariation and transfer in L2 and L3 acquisition
Authors: Gabriele Alison
Published: July 2020

This commentary discusses Westergaard’s (2021) keynote article, which presents a comprehensive model of first language (L1), second language (L2), and third language (L3) acquisition. The commentary presents evidence from a previous study of L3 learners that provides support for Westergaard’s property-by-property transfer proposal. The commentary highlights strengths of the proposal, such as its focus on microvariation, and also outlines open questions, such as whether the model can predict in advance whether specific properties will be easier or harder to acquire.