bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for paediatric high‐risk T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Xu Zheng‐Li , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Liu Kai‐Yan , Chen Huan , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Han Wei , Chen Yu‐Hong , Wang Feng‐Rong , Wang Jing‐Zhi , Wang Yu , Chen Yao , Yan Chen‐Hua , Xu Lan‐Ping
Published: March 2016

Paediatric HR T‐cell ALL demonstrates dismal prognosis with chemotherapy, and poor outcomes could be improved with allo‐SCT. HID‐SCT is an almost immediately available choice; however, few studies have focused on the outcomes of HID‐SCT for paediatric HR T‐ALL. Forty‐eight consecutive HR T‐ALL children who underwent HID‐SCT were included. Survival outcomes and factors predictive of outcomes were retrospectively analysed. Of the 48 patients, 35 were in CR1, 10 in CR2, and three in relapse. The cumulative incidence of grade 3/4 aGVHD was 10.4% and that of extensive cGVHD was 28.4%. The CIR at three yr was 30.8% and that of NRM at three yr was 14.7%. At a median follow‐up of 20.0 (range 2.5–124.2) months, the three‐yr LFS was 54.4%. Children who received transplants during CR1 had a better LFS (65.7% vs. 26.0%, p = 0.008) and a lower relapse rate (19.8% vs. 56.7%, p = 0.014) compared to those during non‐CR1. HID‐SCT is feasible for HR T‐ALL children, and survival outcomes are better when performed in CR1 compared to non‐CR1. Prospective clinical trials would be needed to confirm that.
Severe bleeding complications other than intracranial hemorrhage in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Winkelhorst Dian , Kamphuis Marije M. , de Kloet Liselotte C. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Oepkes Dick , Lopriore Enrico
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

The most feared bleeding complication in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). However, FNAIT may also lead to other severe bleeding problems. The aim was to analyze this spectrum and evaluate the occurrence of severe hemorrhages other than ICH in fetuses or neonates with FNAIT.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

A retrospective chart analysis of cases of FNAIT presenting with severe bleeding complications other than ICH at our institution from 1990 to 2015 was conducted. Additionally, a review of the literature was performed to identify case reports and case series on FNAIT presenting with extracranial hemorrhage.

RESULTS

Of 25 fetuses or neonates with severe bleeding due to FNAIT, three had isolated severe internal organ hemorrhage other than ICH, two pulmonary hemorrhages and one gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Two of these three neonates died due to this bleeding. Eighteen cases of extracranial bleeding complications as a first presentation of FNAIT were found in the literature, including ocular, gastrointestinal, spinal cord, pulmonary, renal, subgaleal, and genitourinary hemorrhages.

CONCLUSION

Bleeding complications other than ICH may be more extensive, and the presentation of FNAIT may have a greater spectrum than previously described. A high index of suspicion on the possible diagnosis of FNAIT with any bleeding complication in a fetus or neonate may enable adequate diagnostics, adequate treatment, and appropriate follow‐up in future pregnancies, as is especially relevant for FNAIT.
Effectiveness of red blood cell exchange, partial manual exchange, and simple transfusion concurrently with iron chelation therapy in reducing iron overload in chronically transfused sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Fasano Ross M. , Leong Traci , Kaushal Megha , Sagiv Eyal , Luban Naomi L.C. , Meier Emily Riehm
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Chronic transfusion therapy (CTT) is indicated for stroke prevention in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and is complicated by iron overload and alloimmunization. CTT is performed by simple transfusion (ST), partial manual exchange (PME), or erythrocytapheresis (RCE). Although small case series have demonstrated RCE in combination with iron chelation therapy stabilizes and/or decreases ferritin, there are no reports comparing the effect of ST, PME, and RCE on liver iron concentration (LIC). CTT modality effect on serum ferritin and LIC were compared in SCA patients on iron chelation, with hemoglobin (Hb)S goal of 30%.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Medical records of SCA patients on CTT and deferasirox (≥25 mg/kg/day) were retrospectively reviewed. Mean HbS%, change in ferritin and LIC, and alloimmunization rate were determined for each CTT group.

RESULTS

Twenty‐eight patients were included; six crossed over (one from ST to PME, one from ST to PME then to RCE, three from ST to RCE, and one from PME to RCE) to include 36 transfusion modality intervals. Median pretransfusion HbS% levels were 32.7% (ST), 36.2% (PME), and 34.7% (RCE; p = 0.732). Median ferritin changes were +15 (−17 to +45), +38 (+24 to +105), and −91 (−141 to −48) ng/mL/month (p = 0.003), and median LIC changes (available in 22 patient transfusion modality intervals) were +1.3 (−1.6 to +4.3), +2.3 (−6.5 to +8.9), and −5.7 (−10.7 to −0.5) mg/g/year (p = 0.024) in ST, PME, and RCE, respectively. There was no significant difference in alloimmunization rate between ST/PME and RCE groups.

CONCLUSION

We recommend RCE plus chelation as an effective method for reducing iron overload, while maintaining HbS at 30% to 35%.
Numerical Investigation on the Selection of the System Outputs for Feedback Vibration Control of a Smart Blade Section
Authors: Li Nailu , Balas Mark J. , Yang Hua , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2016

This study presents the possible and effective output signals for the feedback vibration control of the smart blade section undergoing different aerodynamic conditions. Equations of motions of the smart blade section are described by a typical wing section model, leading to three vibration modes (flapwise mode, edgewise mode, and torsional mode). The aerodynamics is described by an unsteady aerodynamic model and aerodynamic effects of the microtab installed on the trailing-edge of the blade section. The equations of the aeroservoelastic model are summarized into state-space equation for analysis of output choice in the feedback system. All vibration modes are proved to be fully controllable with the microtab actuation. The numerical results show that the most effective output signal is the combination of flapwise velocity and torsional velocity for the system undergoing the attached flow and the combination of all three-mode velocities for the system undergoing the stall flow. In addition, the output choice for different microtab configurations is also analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed output signals in vibration control is confirmed by the simulation results.
Elliptical-like orbits on a warped spandex fabric: A theoretical/experimental undergraduate research project
Authors: Middleton Chad A. , Weller Dannyl
Published: March 2016

We present a theoretical and experimental analysis of the elliptical-like orbits of a marble rolling on a warped spandex fabric. We arrive at an expression describing the angular separation between successive apocenters, or equivalently successive pericenters, in both the small and large slope regimes. We find that a minimal angular separation of ∼197° is predicted for orbits with small radial distances when the surface is void of a central mass. We then show that for small radii and large central masses, when the orbiting marble is deep within the well, the angular separation between successive apocenters transitions to values greater than 360°. We lastly compare these expressions to those describing elliptical-like orbits about a static, spherically symmetric massive object in the presence of a constant vacuum energy, as described by general relativity.
Classical and quantum mechanical motion in magnetic fields
Authors: Franklin J. , Cole Newton K.
Published: March 2016

We study the motion of a particle in a particular magnetic field configuration both classically and quantum mechanically. For flux-free radially symmetric magnetic fields defined on circular regions, we establish that particle escape speeds depend, classically, on a gauge-fixed magnetic vector potential, and we demonstrate some trajectories associated with this special type of magnetic field. Then we show that some of the geometric features of the classical trajectory (perpendicular exit from the field region, trapped and escape behavior) are reproduced quantum mechanically, using a numerical method that extends the norm-preserving Crank-Nicolson method to problems involving magnetic fields. While there are similarities between the classical trajectory and the position expectation value of the quantum-mechanical solution, there are also differences, and we demonstrate some of these.
Effect of Repeated Active Recovery During a High-Intensity Interval-Training Shock Microcycle on Markers of Fatigue
Authors: Wiewelhove Thimo , Raeder Christian , Meyer Tim , Kellmann Michael , Pfeiffer Mark , Ferrauti Alexander
Published: March 2016

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of repeated use of active recovery during a 4-d shock microcycle with 7 high-intensity interval-training (HIT) sessions on markers of fatigue.

Methods:

Eight elite male junior tennis players (age 15.1 ± 1.4 y) with an international ranking between 59 and 907 (International Tennis Federation) participated in this study. After each training session, they completed 15 min of either moderate jogging (active recovery [ACT]) or passive recovery (PAS) with a crossover design, which was interrupted by a 4-mo washout period. Countermovement-jump (CMJ) height, serum concentration of creatine kinase (CK), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and perceived recovery and stress (Short Recovery and Stress Scale) were measured 24 h before and 24 h after the training program.

Results:

The HIT shock microcycle induced a large decrease in CMJ performance (ACT: effect size [ES] = –1.39, P < .05; PAS: ES = –1.42, P < .05) and perceived recovery (ACT: ES = –1.79, P < .05; PAS: ES = –2.39, P < .05), as well as a moderate to large increase in CK levels (ACT: ES = 0.76, P > .05; PAS: ES = 0.81, P >.05), DOMS (ACT: ES = 2.02, P < .05; PAS: ES = 2.17, P < .05), and perceived stress (ACT: ES = 1.98, P < .05; PAS: ES = 3.06, P < .05), compared with the values before the intervention. However, no significant recovery intervention × time interactions or meaningful differences in changes were noted in any of the markers between ACT and PAS.

Conclusions:

Repeated use of individualized ACT, consisting of 15 min of moderate jogging, after finishing each training session during an HIT shock microcycle did not affect exercise-induced fatigue.
Physiological and Cognitive Responses to an Antarctic Expedition: A Case Report
Authors: Anton-Solanas Ana , O’Neill Barry V. , Morris Tessa E. , Dunbar Joe
Published: March 2016

Purpose:

To assess changes in body composition and monitor cognitive function, subjective well-being, and physiological stress, as measured by salivary hormones and markers of mucosal immunity, during an Antarctic expedition.

Methods:

A 36-y-old man (188.2 cm height, 94.5 kg body mass) took part in a world-record attempt. A total-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and measurement of 8 skinfolds and 5 girths were performed before and after the expedition. In addition, daily subjective data were recorded (sleep quality, total hours of sleep, energy levels, perceived exertion, mood, muscle soreness, and muscle/joint pain) along with distance covered and hours of physical activity per day. As a measure of cognitive function, the athlete completed a computerized battery of tasks (Axon Sports Cognitive Priming Application) every third morning. Saliva samples were collected before, during, and after the expedition to determine salivary cortisol (sCort), testosterone (sT), alpha amylase (sAA), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA).

Results:

The athlete lost 5.3 kg body mass and sum of 8 skinfolds decreased from 73 mm to 59 mm from preexpedition to postexpedition. Psychomotor speed declined over the course of the expedition. sT increased and sCort decreased throughout, and sAA and sIgA peaked toward the end of the expedition.

Conclusions:

This case study provides novel data about the physiological and cognitive impact of an Antarctic expedition. The findings may inform strategies for future expeditions, allowing individuals undertaking expeditions of this nature to better prepare for success.
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Suicidal Behaviors Among 65,182 Middle School Students
Authors: Southerland Jodi L. , Zheng Shimin , Dula Mark , Cao Yan , Slawson Deborah Leachman
Published: March 2016

Background:

The psychosocial benefits of participating in physical activity (PA) are well known; less is known about the relationship between suicidal behaviors and PA among adolescents, especially among middle school-aged youth. This study seeks to fill that gap by assessing the cross-sectional relationship between these variables.

Methods:

A secondary analysis of the 2010 Tennessee Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey data was conducted among 65,182 middle school students. Items examined were PA, sports team engagement, physical education (PE) class, screen time, suicidal behaviors, drug/substance use, extreme weight control behaviors, weight status and weight misperceptions, and selected personal characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between PA, sports team engagement, and PE class attendance on suicidal behaviors.

Results:

Sports team engagement was significantly associated with suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts even after controlling for other important variables. There was no relationship, however, between total PA or PE class attendance in univariate or multivariate models, respectively.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that sports team engagement is associated with reduced risk for suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, whereas, no relationships were found for PA or PE class attendance. Asking adolescents questions about sports team engagement may help clinicians screen for risk of suicidal behaviors.
Effects of a Minimal Workplace Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Behaviors and Improve Perceived Wellness in Middle-Aged Women Office Workers
Authors: Urda Joyan L. , Lynn Jeffrey S. , Gorman Andrea , Larouere Beth
Published: March 2016

Background:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an alert to get up once per hour while at work would reduce sitting time, increase sit-to-stand transitions, and improve perceived wellness in women with sedentary jobs.

Methods:

Female university staff and administrators (48 ± 10 years) were randomly assigned to control-control (CC) (n = 22) or control-intervention (CI) (n = 22) groups. Both used a thigh-worn postural-based activity monitor for 2 weeks. The CC group maintained normal behaviors, whereas the CI group maintained behaviors during control week, but received hourly alerts on their computer during work hours in the intervention week. Time sitting and sit-to-stand transitions during an 8.5-hour workday were examined. A perceived wellness survey was completed at baseline and after the control and intervention weeks.

Results:

Among all participants (N = 44) during the control week, 68% of the workday was spent sitting and 41 sit-to-stand transitions occurred. An analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant differences in variables over time (P > .05). There was a significant increase in perceived wellness from baseline in both groups (P ≤ .05). Perceived wellness showed no statistically significant difference between groups.

Conclusions:

The intervention had no statistically significant effect on sitting time or sit-to-stand transitions. Participation improved perceived wellness in the absence of behavior change.
Transit Use by Children and Adolescents: An Overlooked Source of and Opportunity for Physical Activity?
Authors: Durand Casey P. , Gabriel Kelley K. Pettee , Hoelscher Deanna M. , Kohl Harold W.
Published: March 2016

Background:

The potential for adults to accrue significant physical activity through public transit use is a topic of interest. However, there are no data on analogous questions among children. The goal of this analysis was to quantify patterns of transit use and correlates of transit-related physical activity among children aged 5 to 17 years.

Methods:

Data for this cross-sectional study came from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey. Probit regressions modeled the probability of transit use; negative binomial regressions modeled minutes/day in transit-related active travel.

Results:

Public transit use accounted for 3% of trips in California in 2012. Older Hispanic youth and those residing in areas with greater housing density and county size had a higher probability of transit use. Driver licensure, home ownership, household income, and vehicles in household were negatively correlated with public transit use. Race/ethnicity, income, and transit type were correlated with time spent in active travel to/from transit.

Conclusions:

Given its importance as a source of physical activity for some children, researchers should consider assessment of public transit-related activity in physical activity measurement instruments. Efforts to encourage active travel should consider how to incorporate transit-related activity, both from a measurement perspective and as an intervention strategy.
Correlates of Trail Use for Recreation and Transportation on 5 Massachusetts Trails
Authors: Orstad Stephanie L. , McDonough Meghan H. , Klenosky David B. , Mattson Marifran , Troped Philip J.
Published: March 2016

Background:

Promoting use of community trails is a recommended strategy for increasing population levels of physical activity. Correlates of walking and cycling for recreation or transportation differ, though few studies have compared correlates of trailbased physical activity for recreation and transportation purposes. This study examined associations of demographic, social, and perceived built environmental factors with trail use for recreation and transportation and whether associations were moderated by age, gender, and prior trail use.

Methods:

Adults (N = 1195) using 1 of 5 trails in Massachusetts responded to an intercept survey. We used multiple linear and logistic regression models to examine associations with trail use.

Results:

Respondents’ mean age was 44.9 years (standard deviation = 12.5), 55.3% were female, and 82.0% were white. Age (longer-term users only), trail use with others, travel time to the trail, and trail design were significantly associated with use for recreation (P < .05). Age, gender, trail safety (longer-term users only), travel time to the trail, trail design (younger users only), and trail beauty were associated with use for transportation (P < .05).

Conclusions:

Some common correlates were found for recreational and transportation trail use, whereas some variables were uniquely associated with use for 1 purpose. Tailored strategies are suggested to promote trail use for recreation and transportation.
Physical Activity Trends of Finnish Adolescents With Long-Term Illnesses or Disabilities From 2002–2014
Authors: Ng Kwok , Rintala Pauli , Tynjälä Jorma , Välimaa Raili , Villberg Jari , Kokko Sami , Kannas Lasse
Published: March 2016

Background:

Adolescents’ physical activity level is a major source of concern. For adolescents with long-term illnesses or disabilities (LTID), being physically active can prevent secondary conditions. This is one of the first studies reporting trends in physical activity of adolescents with LTID in relation to gender, age, and sports club membership.

Methods:

Data were collected from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study in Finland during 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014. In 13- and 15-year-olds (N = 2206), 17.1% reported having LTID. Daily physical activity recall was the dependent variable. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted eparately for sports club members (n = 936) and nonmembers (n = 1270).

Results:

The proportion of physically active adolescents with LTID in 2014 was higher than in 2002 for girls (15.6% vs 8.7%) and boys (26.6% vs 13.0%). Girl sports club members were 2 times more likely to be physically active in 2014 than in 2002. The largest trend between 2014 and 2002 was among boy nonmembers (odds ratio: 4.62, 95% confidence interval, 2.02–10.58).

Conclusions:

More adolescents with LTID took part in daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in 2014 than in 2002; however, physical activity levels still remain low. Sports club membership was similar to that of the general population.
Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Web-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Working Mothers
Authors: Mailey Emily L. , Huberty Jennifer , Irwin Brandon C.
Published: March 2016

Background:

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a web-based intervention to promote physical activity and self-worth among working mothers.

Methods:

Participants (N = 69) were randomly assigned to receive a standard web-based intervention or an enhanced intervention that included group dynamics strategies to promote engagement. The 8-week intervention was guided by self-determination theory. Each week, participants were instructed to complete 3 tasks: listen to a podcast related to well-being, complete a workbook assignment, and communicate with other participants on a discussion board. Participants in the enhanced condition received an additional weekly task to enhance group cohesion. Data were collected at baseline, week 8, and week 16.

Results:

Physical activity (P < .001, η2 = 0.35) and self-worth (P < .001, η2 = 0.39) increased significantly in both groups following the intervention, and introjected (P < .001, η2 = 0.30) and external motivation (P = .04, η2 = 0.10) decreased. Website use declined across the 8-week intervention in both groups (P < .001, η2 = 0.48); however, discussion board use was higher in the enhanced condition (P = .04, η2 = 0.21).

Conclusions:

These findings suggest web-based interventions can improve physical activity and self-worth among working mothers. Group dynamics strategies only minimally enhanced user engagement, and future studies are needed to optimize web-based intervention designs.
Variation in adverse drug reactions listed in product information for antidepressants and anticonvulsants, between the USA and Europe: a comparison review of paired regulatory documents
Authors: Cornelius Victoria R , Liu Kun , Peacock Janet , Sauzet Odile
Published: March 2016

Objective

To compare consistency of adverse drug reaction (ADR) data in publicly available product information documents for brand drugs, between the USA and Europe. To assess the usefulness of information for prescribers and patients.

Design

A comparison review of product information documents for antidepressants and anticonvulsants concurrently marketed by the same pharmaceutical company in the USA and Europe.

Setting

For each drug, data were extracted from the US Product Inserts and the European Summary of Product Characteristics documents between 09/2013 and 01/2015.

Participants

Individuals contributing ADR information to product information documents.

Main outcomes measures

All ADRs reported in product information sections 5 and 6 (USA), and 4·4 and 4·8 (Europe).

Results

Twelve brand drugs—24 paired documents—were included. On average, there were 77 more ADRs reported in the USA compared with in the European product information document, with a median number of 201 ADRs (range: 65–425) and 114 (range: 56–265), respectively. More product information documents in the USA reported information on the source of evidence (10 vs 5) and risk (9 vs 5) for greater than 80% of ADRs included in the document. There was negligible information included regarding duration, severity, reversibility or recurrence of ADRs. On average, only 29% of ADR terms were reported in both paired documents.

Conclusions

Product information documents contained a large number of ADRs, but lacked contextual data and information important to patients and prescribers, such as duration, severity and reversibility. The ADR profile was found to be inconsistently reported between the USA and Europe, for the same drug. Identifying, selecting, summarising and presenting multidimensional harm data should be underpinned by practical evidence-based guidelines. In order for prescribers to provide considered risk-benefit advice across competing drug therapies to patients, they need access to comprehensible and reliable ADR information.
Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on broiler performance, meat quality, and gene expression
Authors: Ouyang Kehui , Xu Mingsheng , Jiang Yan , Wang Wenjun
Published: March 2016

Two hundred and forty 1-d-old Arbor Acre female broilers were used to study the effects of alfalfa flavonoids (AF) on broiler performance, meat quality, and gene expression. Chicken were fed with basal diet supplemented with AF at 0, 5, 10, or 15 mg kg−1diet for a period of 42 d. Growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant effect and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expressions were investigated. Results showed that AF inclusion in the diet enhanced the body weight (BW) at 42 d of age and the average daily gain from 0 to 42 d, decreased the total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels and increased HDL level in the serum, enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the serum. Also, AF supplementation decreased the abdomen fat rate, marble, and the drip loss and storage loss after the storage for 96 h. Gene expressions’ results showed that AF inclusion decreased the FAS expression and increased the LPL, PPARγ, and ATGL expressions in the liver and adipose tissues, especially when the AF inclusion level was 15 mg kg−1diet. These results indicate that AF were found to be effective for average daily gain and breast percentage promoting, meat quality and antioxidant activity improvement via upregulating the LPL, ATGL, PPARγ, and downregulating the FAS expression in adipose and liver tissues.
Prodruggability of carbohydrates — oral FimH antagonists
Authors: Schönemann Wojciech , Kleeb Simon , Dätwyler Philipp , Schwardt Oliver , Ernst Beat
Published: March 2016

The bacterial lectin FimH is a promising therapeutic target for the nonantibiotic prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. In this communication, an ester prodrug approach is described to achieve oral bioavailability for FimH antagonists. By introducing short-chain acyl promoieties at the C-6 position of a biphenyl α-d-mannopyranoside, prodrugs with an excellent absorption potential were obtained. The human carboxylesterase 2 was identified as a main enzyme mediating rapid bioconversion to the active principle. Despite their propensity to hydrolysis within the enterocytes during absorption, these ester prodrugs present a considerable progress in the development of orally available FimH antagonists.
A high-resolution, continuous δ13C record spanning the Ordovician–Silurian boundary on Anticosti Island, eastern Canada
Authors: Mauviel Alain , Desrochers André
Published: March 2016

One of the best-exposed and most complete stratigraphic records from paleotropical areas spanning the Ordovician–Silurian (O–S) boundary is located on Anticosti Island, eastern Canada. Our study is the first one to sample strata superbly exposed at low tide along the west coast of Anticosti Island, thus providing a previously unexploited, nearly complete stratigraphic interval (∼300 m) at the O–S boundary for δ13C chemostratigraphy. A new high-resolution δ13C curve with more than 500 data points spaced at every ∼0.5 m has been produced, rectifying important pitfalls of previously published δ13C curves (i.e., low sampling resolution, variable sampling intervals, stratigraphic gaps). This new high-resolution δ13C curve displays a lower and an upper positive Hirnantian Isotope Carbon Excursion (HICE) recognized elsewhere around the globe. The ascending limb of the lower HICE starting from baseline values of +0.5‰ corresponds to the upper 20 m of the late Katian Vauréal Formation, but δ13C peak values of +2.5‰ occur in the lower part of the Hirnantian Ellis Bay Formation. In spite of a δ13C record segmented by a few stratigraphic hiatuses, the upper HICE, with its peak values of +4.5‰, is well recorded in the upper part of the Hirnantian Ellis Bay Formation. When compared with sections from around the globe, our δ13C curve displays a distinct long-term trend with a long sustained lower HICE followed abruptly by the upper HICE and return to baseline values of +0.5‰ prior to the Rhuddanian. The continued descending isotopic trend well into the Becscie Formation suggests that the O–S boundary may occur at a higher stratigraphic level (up to 30 m) than previously interpreted. Active subsidence combined with moderate initial water depths prior to the Hirnantian were key factors controlling the deposition of a thick O–S sedimentary succession with a few hiatuses on Anticosti Island and capturing a comprehensive, reliable δ13C record across this interval.
Numerical analysis of Walters-B fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching cylinder
Authors: Majeed Abid , Javed Tariq , Shami Sumyya
Published: March 2016

Two-dimensional hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer of Walters-B fluid towards a stagnation point region over a stretching cylinder is discussed. Constitutive equations are transformed into dimensionless form by means of suitable similarity transformations. Spectral quasi-linearization method is employed to obtain the solution of similarity equations. Comparison of computed results with existing results in the limiting case of a flat sheet is also provided. Analysis of obtained results is performed through graphs to discuss the influence of emerging parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles. The flow and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed through parameters representing curvature of cylinder, velocity ratio parameter, magnetic parameter, and Weissenberg number. The curvature of the cylinder has significant impact on the velocity and temperature. A magnetic field applied externally suppresses the bulk motion and alters the momentum boundary layer thickness. The drag and heat transfer rate on the surface of the cylinder are examined through skin friction and heat transfer coefficients. Furthermore, streamlines are drawn to see the flow pattern.
Investigations on the local structure and the EPR parameters for the tetragonal Cu2+ center in ZnSeF6·6H2O crystal
Authors: Li Chao-Ying
Published: March 2016

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters (g factors g∥, g⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A∥, A⊥) and the local structure of the tetragonal Cu2+ center in trigonal ZnSeF6·6H2O crystal are theoretically investigated from the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 3d9 ion in tetragonally elongated octahedra. In the calculated formulas, the contributions to the EPR parameters from ligand orbital and spin–orbit coupling are included on the basis of the cluster approach in view of moderate covalency of the studied systems, the required crystal-field parameters are estimated from the superposition model, which enables correlation of the crystal-field parameters and hence the EPR parameters with the tetragonal distortion of the studied [Cu(H2O)6]2+ cluster. According to the calculations, the ligand octahedra around Cu2+ are suggested to suffer relative elongation τ (≈ 0.085 Å) along the [001] (or C4) axis for the tetragonal Cu2+ centers in ZnSeF6·6H2O crystal, due to the Jahn–Teller effect. The results are discussed.
Light-front quantization with the light cone gauge
Authors: McKeon D.G.C. , Zhao Chenguang
Published: March 2016

The Dirac procedure for dealing with constraints is applied to the quantization of gauge theories on the light front. The light cone gauge is used in conjunction with the first-class constraints that arise and the resulting Dirac brackets are found. These gauge conditions are not used to eliminate degrees of freedom from the action prior to applying the Dirac constraint procedure. This approach is illustrated by considering Yang–Mills theory and the superparticle in a 2+1-dimensional target space.
Hemipenial morphology and diversity in South American anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae)
Authors: D’Angiolella A.B. , Klaczko J. , Rodrigues M.T. , Avila-Pires T.C.S.
Published: March 2016

Hemipenial morphology has provided useful characters to improve species identification and phylogenetic relationships in squamates. Here we provide hemipenial description and illustration of 13 South American anoles. At generic and specific levels, differences are mainly related to shape and ornamentation; intraspecific variation is low. An asulcate process, present in the hemipenis of most anole species studied, was highly variable among species and may be a useful taxonomic character in hemipenial morphology of this group.
The simplest 3-3-1 model
Authors: Hue Le Tho , Ninh Le Duc
Published: March 2016

A simple extension of the Standard Model (SM), based on the gauge group [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] being the hypercharge, is considered. We show that, by imposing an approximate global [Formula: see text] custodial symmetry at the SM energy scale, the [Formula: see text] mixing is absent at tree level and the value of the [Formula: see text] parameter can be kept close to one. Tree-level flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) are also reduced to three particles, namely [Formula: see text], a CP-odd Higgs and a CP-even Higgs. The model predicts new leptons with electric charges of ±1/2e and new quarks with ±1/6e charges as well as new gauge and scalar bosons with ±1/2e charges. Electric charge conservation requires that one of them must be stable. Their masses are unfortunately free parameters.
(q,t) identities and vertex operators
Authors: Iqbal Amer , Qureshi Babar A. , Shabbir Khurram
Published: March 2016

Using vertex operators acting on fermionic Fock space we prove certain identities, which depend on a number of parameters, generalizing and refining the Nekrasov–Okounkov identity. These identities provide exact product representation for the instanton partition function of certain five-dimensional quiver gauge theories. This product representation also clearly displays the modular transformation properties of the gauge theory partition function.
Odderon and pomeron as fractal dimension in pp and p̄p total cross-sections
Authors: Borcsik F. S. , Campos S. D.
Published: March 2016

In this paper, one presents a naive parametrization to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] total cross-sections. The main goal of this parametrization is to study the possible fractal structure present in the total cross-section. The result of the fitting procedure shows two different fractal dimensions: a negative (low-energies) and a positive (high-energies). The negative fractal dimension represents the emptiness of the total cross-section structure and the positive represents the filling up process with the energy increase. Hence, the total cross-section presents a multifractal behavior. At low-energies, the odderon exchange may be associated with the negative fractal dimension and at high-energies, the pomeron may be associated with the positive fractal dimension. Therefore, the exchange of odderons and pomerons may be viewed as a transition from a less well-defined to a more well-defined internal structure, depending on the energy.
Maximal CP violation in flavor neutrino masses
Authors: Kitabayashi Teruyuki , Yasuè Masaki
Published: March 2016

Since flavor neutrino masses [Formula: see text] can be expressed in terms of [Formula: see text], mutual dependence among [Formula: see text] is derived by imposing some constraints on [Formula: see text]. For appropriately imposed constraints on [Formula: see text] giving rise to both maximal CP violation and the maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing, we show various specific textures of neutrino mass matrices including the texture with [Formula: see text] derived as the simplest solution to the constraint of [Formula: see text], which is required by the constraint of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. It is found that Majorana CP violation depends on the phase of [Formula: see text].
Financing Strategy at Tata Steel
Authors: Haldipur Rajesh , Singh Kulbir , Vishwanath S. R.
Published: March 2016

In January 2011 Tata Steel Ltd, a world-size steel company in India and a flagship company of the $80b Tata Group, announced an issue of equity to the investing public through a book-building process. This was one of the many securities that the company issued during 2007–2011. The company would raise Rs 34,770m and Rs 33,850m from the issue at the upper and lower ends of the price band. The case opens with an analyst studying the company's financial condition with the objective of making an investment recommendation.

Students are asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the offer and its timing apart from undertaking an analysis of the historical choice of securities. The case can be used to teach students capital structure theories, the thought process behind security issuance, the dynamic nature of finance, and the role of a CFO and valuation analysis.
Key Exchange Trust Evaluation in Peer-to-Peer Sensor Networks With Unconditionally Secure Key Exchange
Authors: Gonzalez Elias , Kish Laszlo B.
Published: March 2016

As the utilization of sensor networks continue to increase, the importance of security becomes more profound. Many industries depend on sensor networks for critical tasks, and a malicious entity can potentially cause catastrophic damage. We propose a new key exchange trust evaluation for peer-to-peer sensor networks, where part of the network has unconditionally secure key exchange. For a given sensor, the higher the portion of channels with unconditionally secure key exchange the higher the trust value. We give a brief introduction to unconditionally secured key exchange concepts and mention current trust measures in sensor networks. We demonstrate the new key exchange trust measure on a hypothetical sensor network using both wired and wireless communication channels.
Singular Spectrum Analysis Based on L1-Norm
Authors: Kalantari Mahdi , Yarmohammadi Masoud , Hassani Hossein
Published: March 2016

In recent years, the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) technique has been further developed and increasingly applied to solve many practical problems. The aim of this research is to introduce a new version of SSA based on [Formula: see text]-norm. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed by applying it to various real and simulated time series, especially with outliers. The results are compared with those obtained using the basic version of SSA which is based on the Frobenius norm or [Formula: see text]-norm. Different criteria are also examined including reconstruction errors and forecasting performances. The theoretical and empirical results confirm that SSA based on [Formula: see text]-norm can provide better reconstruction and forecasts in comparison to basic SSA when faced with time series which are polluted by outliers.
The Anti-Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Antibody Assay in a Province-Wide Practice: Accurate in Identifying Cases of Crohn’s Disease and Predicting Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Kaila Brinderjit , Orr Kenneth , Bernstein Charles N
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of the anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) ELISA test developed in Manitoba in 2001 in a population-wide sample referred from physicians across Manitoba in their investigation of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.

METHODS: Patients whose serum was referred for ASCA testing in 2001 and 2002 were eligible for the present study. ELISA was performed by a technologist, blind to patient diagnoses. A single investigator contacted physicians to facilitate chart review. Data collected included demographics, final diagnoses and tests used to substantiate the final diagnosis.

RESULTS: Of 482 subjects identified, 410 charts were available for review and 29 of those were unavailable for follow-up or had incomplete charts. The present study population included Crohn's disease (CD, n=114), ulcerative colitis (n=74), indeterminate colitis (n=31), celiac disease (n=9), irritable bowel syndrome (n=75), other diagnoses (n=33) and no disease (n=45). ASCA had a sensitivity of 37% (95% CI 27.8 to 46.8) and specificity of 97% (95% CI 93.8 to 98.6) for diagnosing CD and an odds ratio for a diagnosis of CD of 18.4 (95% CI 8.2 to 41.3). The 47 ASCA-positive patients included the following diagnoses: CD=39, ulcerative colitis=3, indeterminate colitis=1, celiac disease=3 and no disease=1. The likelihood of having an inflammatory disease if ASCA is positive was nearly 40-fold.

CONCLUSION: A positive ASCA test using this assay nearly clinches a diagnosis of some form of inflammatory intestinal disease, which is highly likely to be CD. In symptomatic patients, a positive ASCA test should encourage the clinician to pursue further investigations
Erythema Nodosum and Pyoderma Gangrenosum in 50 Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Freeman Hugh J
Published: March 2016

Erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum may occur in Crohn's disease. In the present evaluation of consecutive patients with Crohn's disease spanning more than two decades, erythema nodosum was seen in 45 patients and pyoderma gangrenosum was seen in seven patients. Forty-one of 566 women (7.2%) and nine of 449 men (2.0%) were affected. Of these, 45 (4.4%) had erythema nodosum and seven (0.7%) had pyoderma gangrenosum, including two (0.2%) with both dermatological disorders at different times during their clinical courses. Recurrent erythema nodosum was also detected in nine patients (20%) including eight women, while recurrent pyoderma gangrenosum was seen in two patients (28.6%). There was an age-dependent effect on the appearance of erythema nodosum in women, with the highest percentages seen in those younger than 20 years of age. Detection rates for erythema nodosum in women only approached the low mens' rates in Crohn's disease at older than 40 years of age. Most patients with these dermatological disorders had colonic disease with or without ileal involvement as well as complex disease, usually with penetrating complications. The present study documents a sex-based and age-dependent effect on the clinical expression of erythema nodosum in Crohn's disease. This suggests that some components of the inflammatory process in Crohn's disease may be modulated by estrogen-mediated events, particularly in adolescents and young adults.
Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea in 200 Canadian Children
Authors: Morinville Véronique , McDonald Jane
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is a major problem in adults. The present study was conducted to assess risk factors and outcomes in children with C difficile-associated diarrhea.

METHODS: Laboratory records at a university-affiliated pediatric hospital were reviewed for all C difficile toxin-positive stools (cell culture cytotoxin assay) between 2000 and 2003. Charts on identified patients were reviewed.

RESULTS: Two hundred patients with a diagnosis of C difficile-associated diarrhea were identified between February 2000 and November 2003. There were 107 males and 93 females (mean age 5.4 years; median age 2.6 years). Underlying factors were identified in 19% (12 patients underwent chemotherapy; seven patients had Crohn's disease; six were transplantation recipients; seven an immunodeficiency; four with Hirschsprung disease; two diagnoses of 'other'). Of the 200 identified patients, 149 (74.5%) had documentation of antibiotics in the previous two months (32 penicillins; 38 cephalosporins; three clindamycin, nine other single-agent, 59 multiple; eight not specified), and 111 (55.5%) had been hospitalized in the previous month. The symptoms of C difficile-associated diarrhea included bloody stools in 12.5% and frequent watery stools in 79%. Hospitalization was required in 27 of 116 outpatients; stay was prolonged in seven of the 84 patients already hospitalized. Fifty-five per cent received metronidazole, 34% were not treated, and treatment data were not available for the remainder. Recurrence occurred in 31% of those treated and retreatment consisted of vancomycin (15%), probiotics (15%) and cholestyramine (6%). No colectomies were required but two deaths occurred.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of pediatric patients developing symptomatic C difficile-associated diarrhea had antibiotic exposure or hospitalization within the previous one to two months. This is higher than previously reported. One-third had spontaneous symptom resolution. For those treated, recurrence rates were high. Mortality was significantly lower than described in adults, in agreement with prior literature.
Cross-sectional study of Hepatitis B Awareness among Chinese and Southeast Asian Canadians in the Vancouver-Richmond community
Authors: Cheung Justin , Lee Tim K , Teh Chong-Ze , Wang Caroline YM , Kwan WC Peter , Yoshida Eric M
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B (HBV) is endemic and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Asia. British Columbia has the highest proportion of Chinese and Southeast Asians among all Canadian provinces. The present study was designed to evaluate the degree of concern for and knowledge of HBV in this high-risk community.

OBJECTIVE: Unselected patrons of two large Asian commercial centres in Richmond, British Columbia were surveyed. The variables studied were population demographics, concern for HBV, level of HBV knowledge and awareness of HBV-related cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Associations were assessed using c2testing and multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 1008 individuals participated in the survey. Fifteen incomplete surveys were excluded. Only 7.7% felt that HBV was not a concern for the community. Only 13% of respondents felt that HBV education was adequate in the community. The main sources of community health education were their doctor's office (56.3%) and media (49.1%). A high number stated they were 'aware' of HBV (68%) but over 60% were unaware that HBV could cause HCC or cirrhosis and only 61.3% scored a 'reasonable' level of HBV knowledge. Higher HBV knowledge was significantly associated with increasing age ( P<0.001), higher education ( P<0.001) and the use of media for health education ( P<0.001). Awareness that HBV may cause HCC and cirrhosis was significantly associated with age ( P<0.001), education (P=0.006) and birthplace (P=0.001).

INTERPRETATION: HBV education is necessary in this local Asian community. Programs should target younger, less educated adults and elaborate on the potential serious health consequences of HBV. Vehicles for public education should include the physicians' offices and local media.