bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is self-esteem a resource for the parental couple? A longitudinal study on the quality of the romantic and coparental relationships
Authors: El Ghaziri Nahema , Darwiche Joëlle , Antonietti Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the longitudinal influence of self-esteem on romantic and coparental relationship quality. The data were drawn from the German Family Panel, pairfam. Parents ( n couples = 2,364) were assessed three times over 4 years. The results indicated that romantic and coparental quality decreased over time, while self-esteem remained stable. The self-esteem of both parents predicted initial romantic and coparental quality. Additionally, mothers’ self-esteem reduced the decline in romantic quality. Finally, romantic quality mediated the relationship between parents’ self-esteem and coparental quality. These results suggest that self-esteem might be a resource for the parental couple and even for the family unit, as romantic and coparental quality are key elements for the well-being of both parent and child.
Energy-Efficient Train Operation Strategy with Speed Profiles Selection for an Urban Metro Line
Authors: Mo Pengli , Yang Lixing , Gao Ziyou
Published: April 2019

In the daily operations of a metro system, physical trains track the speed profiles which are embedded in the automatic train operation (ATO) system, and the speed profile plays a key role in determining both energy consumption and travel time. With consideration of the real-world operational environment and uncertain levels of passenger demand, this study specifically proposes an integer programming model with respect to energy consumption to generate a robust operational strategy which determines the speed profile choice on each segment. Because of the computational complexity of the proposed model, a heuristic algorithm is designed, which combines a genetic algorithm (GA) and a nomadic algorithm (NA), to find a good solution in acceptable computational time. Finally, numerical experiments based on the Beijing Yizhuang metro line are implemented to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach.
Complementarity Formulation and Solution Algorithm for Auto-Transit Assignment Problem
Authors: Zarrinmehr Amirali , Aashtiani Hedayat Z. , Nie Yu (Marco) , Azizian Hossein
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a combined model of auto-transit assignment is introduced based on two complementarity formulations in the literature. The model accounts for interactions between the auto and transit modes through non-separable asymmetric demand and cost functions. A path-based solution algorithm is presented based on the three ideas of decomposition, column generation, and linearization, which have proved to be effective in tackling large-size networks. Numerical results over the Chicago sketch network suggest that the algorithm converges quickly within the first iterations, but is less effective as the solution gets closer to the neighborhood of the equilibrium solution. The sluggish convergence behavior is attributed to the difficulty of searching the space of strategy-based transit assignment model.
Early Warning Mechanism for the Surge of Passengers in Metro Systems Based on Automated Fare Collection Data: Case Study of Guangzhou, China
Authors: Huan Ning , Yao Enjian , Li Binbin
Published: April 2019

Recently, surges of passengers caused by large gatherings, temporary traffic control measures, or other abnormal events have frequently occurred in metro systems. From the standpoint of the operation managers, the available information about these outside events is incomplete or delayed. Unlike regular peaks of commuting, those unforeseen surges pose great challenges to emergency organization and safety management. This study aims to assist managers in monitoring passenger flow in an intelligent manner so as to react promptly. Compared with the high cost of deploying multisensors, the widely adopted automated fare collection (AFC) system provides an economical solution for inflow monitoring from the application point of view. In this paper, a comprehensive framework for the early warning mechanism is established, including four major phases: data acquisition, preprocessing, off-line modeling, and on-line detection. For each station, passengers’ tapping-on records are gathered in real time, to be further transformed into a dynamic time series of inflow volumes. Then, a sequence decomposition model is formulated to highlight the anomaly by removing its inherent disturbances. Furthermore, a novel hybrid anomaly detection method is developed to monitor the variation of passenger flow, in which the features of inflow patterns are fully considered. The proposed method is tested by a numerical experiment, along with a real-world case study of Guangzhou metro. The results show that, for most cases, the response time for detection is within 5 min, which makes the surge phenomenon observable at an early stage and reminds managers to make interventions appropriately.
Temperature and anisotropy effects in the application of the hindered diffusion model to composite laminates
Authors: Rodriguez Luis A , Damley-Strnad Alexandra , Grace Landon R
Published: April 2019

The one-dimensional hindered diffusion model was applied to gravimetric moisture uptake data for a six-ply high-temperature quartz-fiber-reinforced bismaleimide laminate. Diffusion behavior was evaluated as a function of specimen geometry and temperature to determine the effect on both diffusivity and the binding and unbinding probabilities of diffusing water molecules predicted by the model. Pre-equilibrium experimental uptake data were used to recover model parameters, including equilibrium moisture content, for specimens designed with intentionally-low planar surface-to-edge area ratios of 20, 12.5, and 5. Gravimetric uptake data for fully-immersed laminates at 25°C, 37°C, and 50°C was used to determine diffusion parameters and characterize the temperature and geometry-dependent behavior of the laminate. A parameter recovery method employing least-squares regression was used to determine best-fit parameters of the hindered diffusion model, including diffusivity ( DZ), equilibrium moisture content ([Formula: see text]), and molecular binding ([Formula: see text] and unbinding ([Formula: see text]) probabilities. Results indicate that binding and unbinding probabilities are independent of specimen geometry and material anisotropy. Further, while molecular binding and unbinding probabilities were both directly correlated with immersion temperature, the hindrance coefficient was modestly lower at 50°C, indicating increased bound-phase molecules at high temperatures.
The Impact of Policy Changes on Heroin and Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use Among an Incarcerated Population in Kentucky, 2008 to 2016
Authors: Bunting Amanda M. , Victor Grant , Pike Erika , Staton Michele , Winston Erin , Pangburn Kevin
Published: April 2019

In response to the opioid epidemic, there have been several national- and state-level policies enacted. Consideration of how criminal justice–involved individuals are affected by such policies has received limited attention, despite disproportionately higher use among this population. Bivariate statistics examined yearly trends, and logistic regressions examined demographic correlates of nonmedical prescription opioid and heroin use among Kentucky inmates over an 8-year time span of important national and local policy changes ( N = 34,542). Results indicate that among incarcerated individuals, prior use of heroin increased 204% from 2008 to 2016, with increases possibly linked to key policy changes associated with OxyContin reformulation and state implementation of a prescription drug monitoring program. The current incarcerated population had more severe use patterns when considering general population research. Consideration of criminal justice–involved populations is crucial to understanding and treating the opioid epidemic.
The Decline of Antifascism: The Memory Struggle over May 1945 in the Polish Parliament (1995–2015)
Authors: Rawski Tomasz
Published: April 2019

The article discusses a shift, of the paradigm structuring Polish official memory of World War II and the state-socialist period from antifascist to anticommunist, that took place in the post-1989 Polish parliament. Based on the example of the political struggle in parliament over the memory of May 1945 (Victory Day) that occurred on three consecutive major anniversaries of this event (1995, 2005, and 2015), the article shows how the right-wing post-Solidarity camp dismantled and eliminated the antifascist narrative that was based on a symbolic continuity between 1945 and 1995–2005, respectively, and was promoted by the postcommunists, replacing it with a primarily anticommunist narrative about “two totalitarianisms,” founded on a symbolic continuity between 1939 and 1989. Within this new paradigm, May 1945 was made into a merely formal commemorative point of reference devoid of any symbolic power.
A numerical analysis of an energy directing method through friction heating during the ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites
Authors: Tutunjian Shahan , Eroglu Oguzhan , Dannemann Martin , Modler Niels , Fischer Fabian
Published: April 2019

The ultrasonic spot welding of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminates received a wide interest from researchers mainly in the fields of aerospace and automotive industries. This study investigated a new technique for focusing the ultrasonic vibration energy at the desired spot between two mating thermoplastic composite laminates. In this investigated method, no additional energy directing protrusions between the mating laminates were required to focus the vibration energy. It was found that by welding the laminates amid an ultrasonic horn and an anvil in which the prior had a larger contact surface with the laminate as the latter, it was possible to generate a localized friction heating. In the initial phase of the welding, the friction heating softened the interfacial layers and thus caused the focusing of the majority of the cyclic ultrasonic strain energy in the weld spot center. The assumption for the presence of the friction and its influence on the heat generation was investigated by means of finite element method (FEM) mechanical dynamic analysis. Microscopic analysis of the weld spot eventually delivered the proof for the melt initiation by friction at a ring around the weld spot and subsequent spot growth by viscoelastic heating.
A new type of bi-material coin
Authors: Afonso Rafael M , Alexandrino Paulo , Silva Filipe M , Leitão Paulo J , Alves Luis M , Martins Paulo AF
Published: April 2019

This article presents a new type of bi-material coin with a polymer centre and a metal ring. The polymer-metal coin is fabricated by combination of coin minting and joining by forming in a single die stroke. The design of the coin is based on an analytical model built upon plasticity theory and plastic instability of circular plates under uniform radial edge compression. The analytical model and the bi-material coin concept are supported and validated by means of finite element modelling and experimentation. Destructive tests for pushing the polymer centre out of the metal ring demonstrate the effectiveness of the mechanical joint resulting from the interface contact pressure between the polymer and the metal. The new bi-material coin was developed to obtain new aesthetic effects for the collection market, and its polymer core can additionally be used for other applications such as the incorporation of advanced security features in high-denomination coins.
Transfer learning with convolutional neural networks for small sample size problem in machinery fault diagnosis
Authors: Xiao Dengyu , Huang Yixiang , Qin Chengjin , Liu Zhiyu , Li Yanming , Liu Chengliang
Published: April 2019

Data-driven machinery fault diagnosis has gained much attention from academic research and industry to guarantee the machinery reliability. Traditional fault diagnosis frameworks are commonly under a default assumption: the training and test samples share the similar distribution. However, it is nearly impossible in real industrial applications, where the operating condition always changes over time and the quantity of the same-distribution samples is often not sufficient to build a qualified diagnostic model. Therefore, transfer learning, which possesses the capacity to leverage the knowledge learnt from the massive source data to establish a diagnosis model for the similar but small target data, has shown potential value in machine fault diagnosis with small sample size. In this paper, we propose a novel fault diagnosis framework for the small amount of target data based on transfer learning, using a modified TrAdaBoost algorithm and convolutional neural networks. First, the massive source data with different distributions is added to the target data as the training data. Then, a convolutional neural network is selected as the base learner and the modified TrAdaBoost algorithm is employed for the weight update of each training sample to form a stronger diagnostic model. The whole proposition is experimentally demonstrated and discussed by carrying out the tests of six three-phase induction motors under different operating conditions and fault types. Results show that compared with other methods, the proposed framework can achieve the highest fault diagnostic accuracy with inadequate target data.
Comparing the recovery performance of different thermoelectric generator modules in an exhaust system of a diesel engine both experimentally and theoretically
Authors: Kunt Mehmet Akif , Gunes Haluk
Published: April 2019

In this study, a thermoelectric recovery system was designed to convert the exhaust waste heat of an internal combustion diesel engine directly to electric power and the performance was measured at different engine speeds in the unloaded state. The performances of two different thermoelectric generators were compared in a system designed using four modules. Maximum 0.92 W power was obtained for four modules at 3500 r/min, at an area of 0.0016 m2. Internal resistance of modules has increased according to the engine speed. The highest internal resistance obtained during the experiments is 11.69 Ω at engine speed of 3500 r/min. The characteristics of the overall thermoelectric generator performance is coherent with the analysis model. In the current graph according to engine speed, the maximum absolute error is calculated for modules TEG 12-8 and TEG1-199 as 0.010 and 0.044, respectively (at experimented 3500 r/min). To charge the battery under maximum power point conditions, 133 thermoelectric modules were required (TEG1-199). Maximum power transfer is obtained when the load resistor is connected in parallel at 10 Ω. It is seen that modular structure thermoelectric generators are more important alternative than Rankine cycle system in terms of waste heat recovery, despite thermoelectric system has low efficiency.
Generalized explicit guidance with optimal time-to-go and realistic final velocity
Authors: Mondal Sabyasachi , Padhi Radhakant
Published: April 2019

This paper presents an approach to compute the optimal time-to-go and final velocity magnitude in the Generalized Explicit (GENEX) guidance. Time-to-go and final velocity magnitude are two critical input parameters in GENEX guidance implementation. Optimal time-to-go selects that optimal solution which yields less cost compared to the costs yielded by other optimal solutions. In addition to it, the input of realistic final velocity lowers the cost further. These developments relax the existing limitations of GENEX, thereby making this optimal guidance law more optimal, effective and generic.
A semi-empirical model for streamwise vortex intensification
Authors: McLelland Grant , MacManus David , Sheaf Chris
Published: April 2019

Vortex intensification plays an important role in a wide range of flows of engineering interest. One scenario of interest is when a streamwise vortex passes through the contracting streamtube of an aircraft intake. There is, however, limited experimental data of flows of this type to reveal the dominant flow physics and to guide the development of vortex models. To this end, the evolution of wing-tip vortices inside a range of streamtube contractions has been measured using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. A semi-empirical model has been applied to provide new insight on the role of vorticity diffusion during the intensification process. The analysis demonstrates that for mild flow contractions, vorticity diffusion has a negligible influence due to the low rates of diffusion in the vortex flow prior to intensification and the short convective times associated with the streamtube contraction. As the contraction levels increase, there is a substantial increase in the rates of diffusion which is driven by the greater levels of vorticity in the vortex core. A new semi-empirical relationship, as a function of the local streamtube contraction levels and vortex Reynolds number, has been developed. The model comprises a simple correction to vortex filament theory and provides a significant improvement in the estimation of vortex characteristics in contracting flows. For the range of contractions investigated, errors in the estimation of vortex core radius, peak tangential velocity and vorticity are reduced by an order of magnitude. The model can be applied to estimate the change in vortex characteristics for a range of flows with intense axial strain, such as contracting intake streamtubes and swirling flows in turbomachinery.
Strengths and weaknesses of the emergency evacuation trial for transport airplane certification
Authors: Hedo JM , Martínez-Val R , Pérez E
Published: April 2019

Safety has always been the key driver for aviation development, based on the permanent commitment of airworthiness authorities, airplane manufacturers, and other intervening agents. One of the established regulations requires demonstrating, at airplane certification level, that all occupants must be able to abandon the aircraft and safely reach the ground in less than 90 s. This rule has always been a matter of debate since it does not represent any accident scenario and just one trial is not statistically meaningful, although airworthiness authorities argue that it is a practical benchmark for consistent evaluation. The research reported here describes the strengths and weaknesses of the requirement and suggests potential modifications.
Time-marching throughflow analysis of multistage axial compressors based on a novel inviscid blade force model
Authors: Yang Chen , Wu Hu , Yang Jinguang , Ferlauto Michele
Published: April 2019

A time-marching throughflow method for the off-design performance analysis of axial compressors is described. The method is based on the Euler equations, and a new inviscid blade force model is proposed in order to achieve desired flow deflection. The flow discontinuity problems at the leading and trailing edges are tackled by automatic correction of blade mean surface using cubic spline interpolation. Empirical loss models have been integrated into the throughflow model in order to simulate the viscous force effects in the real three-dimensional flow. Two test cases have been presented to validate the throughflow model, including the transonic fan rotor – NASA Rotor 67 working at a near-peak-efficiency point and a 1.5-stage high-speed axial compressor with inlet guide vane operating at 68% nominal speed. Reasonable flow parameters distributions have been obtained in the Rotor 67 fan calculating results, and accurate overall performance characteristics have also been predicted at the strong off-design condition for the 1.5-stage axial compressor. The CPU time of both cases cost less than one minute at one operating point. The results indicate that the developed time-marching throughflow model is effective and efficient in the turbomachinery performance analysis.
Unified low-pressure compressor concept for engines of future high-speed micro-unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: İlhan Menal , Tayyip Gürbüz M , Acarer Sercan
Published: April 2019

The vast majority of unmanned aerial vehiches are propeller-driven with low speed. For higher speeds and longer ranges, new cost-effective microjets, which operate efficiently in both “fly-fast” and “loiter” modes are required. As a solution, a novel variable-cycle geared micro-turbofan architecture without the typical components of booster and low-pressure turbine is considered. This study discusses a key element, the low-pressure compression system. Instead of a separate and complicated booster to extract more power from the basic turbine, it is proposed to incorporate its positive functionality in the fan root. By preliminary and detailed fluid models, and structural concerns, systematic comparisons are made on demonstrative and representative cases to explore the feasibility of the proposal. Beyond the required very wide-chord design, the concept yields to a significantly increased pressurization and axial velocity at the fan root and exact opposite at the rest, causing extreme twist. The corresponding transonic stator root greatly increases downstream mixing losses. Moreover, a limitation is found to be the downstream compressor duct due to a notable increase in the diffusion requirements. Findings present that the concept is dramatically different from typical highly-loaded fans and this paper attempts to present new design guidelines.
Design and analysis of a cooling system for a supersonic exhaust diffuser
Authors: Farahani M , Fouladi N , Mirbabaei AR
Published: April 2019

High-altitude test facilities are usually used to evaluate the performance of space mission engines. The supersonic exhaust diffuser, a main part of high-altitude test facility, provides the required test cell vacuum conditions by self-pumping the nozzle exhaust gases to the atmosphere. However, the plume temperature is often much higher than the temperature the diffuser structure is able to withstand, usually above 2500 K. In this study, an efficient cooling system is designed and analyzed to resolve the thermal problem. A water spray cooling technique is preferred among various existing techniques. Here, a new algorithm is developed for a spray cooling system for a supersonic exhaust diffuser. This algorithm uses a series of experimental and geometrical relationships to resize the governing parameters and remove the required heat flux from the diffuser surface. The efficiency of the newly designed cooling system is evaluated via numerical simulations. The utilized numerical technique is based on the discrete-phase method. Various computational studies are accomplished to enhance the accuracy of numerical prediction and validation. The present numerical study is validated using experimental results. The results show that the realizable k-ɛ method is superior compared to other Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes models.
The noise study as a tool of the building urbanistic management
Authors: Flimel Marián , Dupláková Darina
Published: April 2019

A noise study is an important tool for prediction of noise in the environment. The most important is the formal and content aspect of the study in relation to relevant legislation. The whole sequence of study content processing is the issue of the article along with presented risks during its formation. The novelty of this article consists of graphical examples and algorithms (methods and sequences) which are unique and once in a lifetime, and they proceed from the long-time practice of authors. The optimal methodology of work for evaluation of noise study has been described. This methodology is important in practice and education. In addition, it points to the potential risks that may occur at different stages of processing noise study which gives the instructions to processors of these studies to eliminate errors in their processing. The introduction of the article is focused on emphasis on the importance of the noise study, and then, the article is devoted to a specific description of the algorithm for the creation of a noise study. In the main part of the article, there are described practical examples of identifying possible risks in the processing of noise studies. The conclusion of the article provides a comprehensive summary of the problem solved. The entire theoretical basis is based on years of experience and the processing of the acquired markings in the algorithms.
A genetic algorithm approach for optimization of machinery noise calculations
Authors: Rao DS , Tripathy DP
Published: April 2019

Noise produced by various noise sources in the mines is considered as a serious environmental problem. Exposure to such noise levels is considered as hazardous to workers working in such conditions. Noise assessment was exercised in a highly mechanized opencast bauxite mine, located in eastern India according to the Director General of Mines Safety Technical Circular No. 18 of 1975 and No.5 of 1990. There are numerous approaches in the literature on machinery noise prediction based on statistical models, soft computing techniques such as fuzzy inference system, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system and other classification methods. The main drawback of statistical models, fuzzy inference system, artificial neural network, support vector machine and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system is lack of interpretation for human and optimization issues. An attempt has been made to examine the applicability of a genetic algorithm, to take the advantage of genetic structures to find an optimal sound pressure level of the machinery noise taking into consideration the distance, directivity index, sound power level and other attenuation parameters under several noisy operating conditions according to ISO 9613-2:1996, ISO 6395:2008 and other related standards. Genetic algorithm used in this article has several advantages: it can be applied for low, high and dynamical system and uses a simple procedure to determine the order and the parameters with high accuracy. Genetic algorithm model is trained and tested in MATLAB to find the optimum parameters. Experimental results show that genetic algorithm is able to converge and find the optimum values faster along with acceptable computational time. By comparing the predicted values with the measured values, it proves the effectiveness of the proposed model as a useful and efficient method for machinery noise optimization problems.
Subharmonic solution of a vibration system with two mass elastic connecting rods
Authors: Feng Guo
Published: April 2019

In this article, the dynamic characteristic of linkage bobbing machine with balanced double-mass bearing periodic excitation and damping is studied. Subharmonic Melnikov function of the oscillating periodic orbits is computed through Melnikov method. And, the relationship of parameters is given when the subharmonic bifurcation occurs. The periodic motion is simulated. Through analysis, as the excitation frequency varies, the periodic motion undergoes flip bifurcations and subharmonic bifurcation occurs, which finally leads to chaos. In addition, the ultra-subharmonic solution of the system is given.
Integrating U-Th, 14C, and 210Pb methods to produce a chronologically reliable isotope record for the Belize River Valley Maya from a low-uranium stalagmite
Authors: Akers Pete D , Brook George A , Railsback L Bruce , Cherkinksy Alex , Liang Fuyuan , Ebert Claire E , Hoggarth Julie A , Awe Jaime J , Cheng Hai , Edwards R Lawrence
Published: April 2019

Social and environmental changes had great spatiotemporal variability in the Maya Lowlands during the Classic and Postclassic Periods, and stalagmites promise high-resolution paleoclimate data that can refine our understanding of this complex time. Unfortunately, stalagmites in this region are often difficult to date by U-Th methods because of low initial uranium concentrations. Other dating techniques can be used on such stalagmites, and we present here an age–depth model for BZBT1, a low-uranium stalagmite sampled from Box Tunich cave in the Belize River Valley. This age–depth model dates the growth of BZBT1 to between 400 and 1610 yr BP (340–1550 CE) by combining evidence from U-Th results, radiocarbon dating of both stalagmite CaCO3 and trapped organic material, and 210Pb dating. The resulting stable isotope record from BZBT1 reveals paleoclimate changes that affected local Maya populations during the Classic and early Postclassic Periods. This record is further refined by isotopically tuning the BZBT1 data with two other regional stalagmite records. Our work offers additional paleoclimate insight into the relationship between the Maya and their environment from a stalagmite that would typically be disregarded for research purposes. Continued research into alternative dating techniques for speleothems can enable additional scientific discovery while promoting speleothem conservation.
The European Central Bank’s intricate independence versus accountability conundrum in the post-crisis governance framework
Authors: Amtenbrink Fabian
Published: April 2019

In the wake of the European financial and sovereign debt crisis there is a revived interest in the constitutional position of the European Central Bank (ECB) in the European Union legal order, notably its independence and democratic legitimacy. A new generation of researchers, witnessing and in part affected by the course of events during the crisis, is currently discovering this field of research. These contemporary contributions are more than reiterations of debates at the time of the establishment of the European System of Central Banks. Indeed, the (legal) landscape pertaining to the position of the ECB has transformed significantly during the crisis, not only raising concerns about the legitimacy of the position and actions of the ECB, but, somewhat paradoxically, also about the compatibility of its functions and actions with the basic EU Treaty preference for an independent, inflation-averse and thus, conservative central bank. This contribution provides a broader picture of the independence-versus-accountability conundrum in the post-crisis governance framework by discussing main determinants of the independence and democratic legitimacy of the ECB today, as well as identifying risks emanating from the ECB’s position in the EU legal order. Based on this assessment areas of improvement are identified.
The democratic deficit and European Central Bank crisis monetary policies
Authors: Högenauer Anna-Lena , Howarth David
Published: April 2019

This article presents the argument that European Central Bank (ECB) policy-making from the start of the sovereign debt crisis in 2010 undermined the democratic legitimacy of the ECB. We start with the argument – defended by a number of scholars including Majone and Moravcsik – that where European Union (EU) policy-making is technocratic and does not have significant redistributive implications it can benefit from depoliticization that does not undermine the democratic legitimacy of this policy-making. This is notably the case where EU institutions have narrow mandates and are constrained by super-majoritarian decision-making. Prior to the international financial crisis, the ECB’s monetary policies were shaped entirely by the interpretation that its mandate was primarily to ensure low inflation. From the outbreak of the sovereign debt crisis, the ECB adopted a range of policies which pushed its role well beyond that interpretation and engaged in a form of redistribution that directly undermined treaty provisions.
Body parts of clinical concern in anorexia nervosa versus body dysmorphic disorder: a cross-diagnostic comparison
Authors: Toh Wei Lin , Grace Sally A , Rossell Susan L , Castle David J , Phillipou Andrea
Published: April 2019

Objectives:

Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder share a hallmark clinical feature of severe body image disturbance. This study aimed to document major demographic and clinical characteristics in anorexia nervosa versus body dysmorphic disorder, and it was the first to compare specific body parts related to body image dissatisfaction across these disorders directly.

Methods:

Anorexia nervosa ( n=26) and body dysmorphic disorder ( n=24) patients were administered a range of clinical measures, including key questions about the specificities of their body image concerns.

Results:

Results revealed increased psychiatric and personality co-morbidities in anorexia nervosa relative to body dysmorphic disorder. The anorexia nervosa group was mostly preoccupied with three body zones typically linked to weight concerns, whereas the body dysmorphic disorder group fixated on facial features, hair and skin.

Conclusions:

These findings may help inform differential diagnosis in complex cases and aid in the formulation of targeted interventions.
Partisan Policymaking in the Extended Party Network: The Case of Cap-and-Trade Regulations
Authors: Albert Zachary
Published: April 2019

American political parties frequently advance contradictory arguments in policy debates, but scholars know relatively little about where these arguments originate. Outside research-producing institutions are likely culprits. Have the research and advocacy efforts of these groups helped structure policy discussions along party lines, thereby contributing to partisan polarization? I answer this question by tracing the diffusion of policy language related to cap-and-trade regulations across actors and over time. Utilizing quantitative network and text analysis techniques, as well as qualitative textual analysis, I find that outside groups inform policy discussions through their early research. First, prominent organizations develop ideas and talking points that then spread to other groups. Second, members of Congress adopt these talking points and use them to justify their views to their constituents. Importantly, the diffusion of arguments is most likely among actors with shared partisan commitments, resulting in two relatively cohesive and distinct partisan communities that advance partisan policy narratives. These findings have important implications for our understanding of partisan polarization, outside group influence, and the capacity for Congress to address meaningful public problems.
Politics and Tragedy: The Case of Rousseau
Authors: Neidleman Jason
Published: April 2019

There is a growing body of scholarship in political theory that explores the ways in which a tragic heuristic can be useful for understanding politics. This scholarship has generally seen Rousseau as having articulated a political theory that might be illuminated by the application of a tragic heuristic but not one that might itself illuminate tragic predicaments in democratic politics. Readers have criticized Rousseau for inadvertently succumbing to a series of tragic conflicts, primarily by virtue of his insistence on a homogeneous political culture. Through an analysis of Rousseau’s theory of sovereignty, this essay argues that Rousseau has something more to contribute to the scholarship on tragedy and politics. His political theory includes both moments of tragic overreach as well as moments of tragic narration. More than simply a victim of tragic dissolution, Rousseau deployed his own tragic prism for conceptualizing what he called the “fundamental problem” of politics. This tragic prism, the essay concludes, expands the applicability of Rousseau’s political theory beyond the small, homogeneous republics he took as his model. The final section of the essay makes use of the “paradox of politics” to illustrate the applications of Rousseau’s theory of sovereignty to democratic theory writ large.
Clear Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Associated Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Description of an Extraordinary Case
Authors: Juhlin Carl Christofer , Höög Anders
Published: April 2019

Clear cell change is a rare observation in thyroid cancer, resulting from aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation of lipids, glycogen, or thyroglobulin in the tumor cells. The phenomenon is most common for follicular thyroid neoplasia, with no definite coupling to patient outcome. The clear cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (ccPTC) is even more infrequent—making conclusions regarding prognosis difficult. Single reports describe distant metastases of ccPTCs as well as co-occurrence with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). In this report, a case of a therapy-resistant ccPTC dedifferentiating into an ATC is characterized from morphological and immunohistochemical standpoints. The patient was a 79-year-old female presenting with a 45-mm nodule in her right thyroid lobe. A first round of cytology raised the suspicion of PTC, but a repeated biopsy verified an ATC diagnosis. Neoadjuvant doxorubicin and external irradiation therapy was administered, and the patient developed lung metastases concomitantly. A palliative lobectomy was performed, and the final diagnosis was a ccPTC with focal dedifferentiation into an ATC. Intriguingly, the ccPTC component was viable and dominated the lesion. The clear cell morphology stemmed from an accumulation of glycogen, while the anaplastic component was devoid of evident clear cell changes. The case is one of exceedingly few descriptions of a ccPTC that dedifferentiates to an ATC, suggesting that this PTC subtype is not without potential for development of a highly lethal tumor component. Moreover, the partial lack of response to neoadjuvant therapy suggests a possible underlying resistance to aggressive treatment modalities in this particular case.
Accelerating many-nucleon basis generation for high performance computing enabled ab initio nuclear structure studies
Authors: Langr Daniel , Dytrych Tomáš , Launey Kristina D , Draayer Jerry P
Published: April 2019

We present the problem of generating a many-nucleon basis in [Formula: see text]-scheme for ab initio nuclear structure calculations in a symmetry-adapted no-core shell model framework. We first discuss and analyze the basis construction algorithm whose baseline implementation quickly becomes a significant bottleneck for large model spaces and heavier nuclei. The outcomes of this analysis are utilized to propose a new scalable version of the algorithm. Its performance is consequently studied empirically using the Blue Waters supercomputer. The measurements show significant acceleration achieved with over two orders of magnitude speedups realized for larger model spaces.
Reflections on Métissage as an Indigenous research praxis
Authors: Burke Susan , Robinson Rheanna
Published: April 2019

This article explores the use of Métissage as an Indigenous research praxis. The authors, both Métis academics from the country now called Canada, discuss the individual journey they each took in using Métissage for their doctoral research studies. Both the possibilities and limitations inherent in this research framework are outlined. Although Métissage is described in the context of the Canadian Métis experience, recommendations are also given for how this theory can be used by both other Indigenous researchers and non-Indigenous researchers.
A Novel Variant c.847T>C in CTSK Gene Leading to Pycnodysostosis: A Case Report
Authors: Kochar Inder Pal Singh , Sethi Aashish , Ahamad Ayesha
Published: April 2019

Pycnodysostosis is a rare genetic disorder with a prevalence of 1.7 per million births; it usually presents with short stature, osteosclerosis, increased bone fragility, and acro-osteolysis of distal phalanges. There are less than 200 cases reported worldwide and very few from South-East Asia. We present a case of pycnodysostosis who presented with short stature, acro-osteolysis of distal phalanges, and on genetic testing revealing a variant c.847T>C, p.Y283H, in exon 7 of the CTSK in homozygous state: not reported till date to the best of our knowledge.
Palliative Surgical Resection of an Extensive Metastatic Cardiac Myxofibrosarcoma
Authors: Karangelis Dimos , Mazine Amine , Yanagawa Bobby , Latter David
Published: April 2019

Herein, we report a rare case of metastatic secondary cardiac myxofibrosarcoma in a 33-year-old female patient. The tumor infiltrated the right lung and was extending into the heart via the right superior pulmonary vein. The patient who initially presented with a stroke was found to be at a high risk of recurrent embolic events and therefore was managed successfully surgically with a complex joint thoracic and cardiac tumor resection. This case illustrates that, in the setting of an extensive metastatic myxofibrosarcoma, an aggressive palliative surgical resection can be successfully performed to improve quality of life.
Tongzhi on the move: digital/social media and placemaking practices among young gay Chinese in Australia
Authors: Yu Haiqing , Blain Hayden
Published: April 2019

This article examines the placemaking experience of first-generation Chinese gay migrants (18–35 years old) in negotiating their cultural and sexual identities in Sydney and Melbourne. Tongzhi is used as a lingua-cultural reference to their double identity as Chinese and gay. Drawing from interviews and contact with 22 Chinese gay men who initially arrived in Australia on student visas, this article explores how tongzhi migrants use digital/social media to reconstitute their home abroad and to live out their transnational gay identity, politics and desire. Their placemaking practices take place in the intersections of the Internet and outernets, as well as the interzones of one’s gay desires for sexual fulfilment and cultural empowerment.
Chinese-language digital/social media in Australia: double-edged sword in Australia’s public diplomacy agenda
Authors: Sun Wanning
Published: April 2019

Using examples from Sydney Today, this article discusses the challenges facing Australia in its attempt to engage diasporic media for the purpose of public diplomacy towards China. Based on a pilot study, the article first reviews some of the major developments in the Chinese-language media in Australia, paying particular attention to the key features of digital/social media since the arrival of migrants from the People’s Republic of China. Second, it presents examples from four key content categories: Australia–China relations, politics, economics, and cultural life. Finally, the article identifies the challenges and opportunities facing Australia’s public diplomacy towards China, and outlines some key methodological and analytical frameworks for future research
‘Property talk’ among Chinese Australians: WeChat and the production of diasporic space
Authors: Zhang Ge , Wang Wilfred Yang
Published: April 2019

This article examines the ways the Australian property market is addressed among Chinese migrants in Australia on and off WeChat, one of the most popular instant messenger apps installed on Smartphones. Specifically, we focus on how migrant media and real estate professionals’ narratives on real estate properties constitute and reproduce a transnational Chinese diasporic space between China and Australia. Although the latest wave of ‘property talk’ is relatively a new concept to the mainstream Australian societies due to the housing price boom since 2012, talking about land and property ownerships has always been integral part of Chinese diasporic culture. Yet, with the advent of digital media technologies, this cultural conversation is increasingly being delivered, processed and experienced through digital platforms such as that of WeChat. Drawing on observations on WeChat and interviews with Chinese media and real estate practitioners in Australia, we conceive that WeChat plays a vital role in forging and reproducing Chinese diasporic spaces in Australia by articulating the intersection of diasporic spatiality and mediasphere. We contend that WeChat’s affordances of the informational, interpersonal and instrumental have aided Chinese migrants and those Chinese real estate practitioners to co-constitute a social space of property talk that enables new social relations to be negotiated and social networks to be established and reinforced across China and Australia.
MOG-related disorders: A new cause of imaging-negative myelitis?
Authors: Macaron Gabrielle , Ontaneda Daniel
Published: April 2019

Knowledge on the clinical and radiological phenotype of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)–related disorders has been growing. We report the case of a patient who presented with subacute onset myelitis after an upper respiratory tract infection with normal cord imaging at onset and follow-up after 4 months (absence of lesions and atrophy), high-titer positive MOG-IgG, and a broad workup excluding other etiologies. The full clinical and radiological spectrum of MOG-related disorders is yet to be completely understood. Testing for MOG-IgG using cell-based assays should be considered in imaging-negative myelitis particularly if initial testing is non-revealing.
Media discourses of intimate partner violence in Queensland newspapers
Authors: Smith Antoinette L , Bond Christine E.W. , Jeffries Samantha
Published: April 2019

Media discourse has a profound effect on public opinions. Prior research, the majority of which has been conducted internationally, shows that print media constructions of intimate partner violence (IPV) operate within a patriarchal framework which normalizes and constructs men’s violence against women as acceptable. This research explored Queensland’s print media representation of IPV. Results show that the reporting of IPV is episodic, sensationalistic, prone to perpetrator sympathizing, and fails to contextualize IPV as an ongoing pattern of intentionally abusive behaviour.
Youth collective political expression on social media: The role of affordances and memetic dimensions for voicing political views
Authors: Literat Ioana , Kligler-Vilenchik Neta
Published: April 2019

Social media are recognized as important outlets for youth political expression, yet the affordances of different platforms may shape the forms and styles of expression that young people deploy. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the ways social media affordances shape youth voice, this article examines young people’s political expression on the popular app musical.ly in the context of the 2016 US presidential election. Employing quantitative and qualitative content analysis on 1651 youth-created videos, we examine how young people use platform affordances, political hashtags, and memetic dimensions to convey a range of expressive political practices. In particular, through the analysis of content, form, and stance, our research illuminates how social media afford collective political expression for youth, by allowing them to deliberately connect to an assumed like-minded audience with similar beliefs through the use of shared symbolic resources.
Exploring efficacy in personal constraint negotiation: An ethnography of mountaineering tourists
Authors: Doran Adele , Pomfret Gill
Published: April 2019

Limited work has explored the relationship between efficacy and personal constraint negotiation for adventure tourists, yet efficacy is pivotal to successful activity participation as it influences people’s perceived ability to cope with constraints, and their decision to use negotiation strategies. This article explores these themes with participants of a commercially organised mountaineering expedition. Phenomenology-based ethnography was adopted to appreciate the social and cultural mountaineering setting from an emic perspective. Ethnography is already being used to understand adventure participation, yet there is considerable scope to employ it further through researchers immersing themselves into the experience. The findings capture the interaction between the ethnographer and the group members, and provide an embodied account using their lived experiences. Findings reveal that personal mountaineering skills, personal fitness, altitude sickness and fatigue were the four key types of personal constraint. Self-efficacy, negotiation-efficacy and other factors, such as hardiness and motivation, influenced the effectiveness of negotiation strategies. Training, rest days, personal health and positive self-talk were negotiation strategies. A conceptual model illustrates these results and demonstrates the interplay between efficacy and the personal constraint negotiation journey for led mountaineers.