bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of severe bleeding in children following cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass: use of Bleeding Assessment Scale for critically Ill Children (BASIC)
Authors: Bartucca Lisa M. , Shaykh Ramzi , Stock Arabella , Dayton Jeffrey D. , Bacha Emile , Haque Kelly D. , Nellis Marianne E.
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

To describe the epidemiology of severe bleeding in the immediate post-operative period in children who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass surgery using the Bleeding Assessment Scale for critically Ill Children (BASIC).

Study design:

Retrospective cohort study in a paediatric ICU from 2015 to 2020.

Results:

356 children were enrolled; 59% were male with median (IQR) age 2.1 (0.5–8) years. Fifty-seven patients (16%) had severe bleeding in the first 24 hours post-operatively. Severe bleeding was observed more frequently in younger and smaller children with longer bypass and cross-clamp times (p-values <0.001), in addition to higher surgical complexity (p = 0.048). Those with severe bleeding received significantly more red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate in the paediatric ICU following surgery (all p-values <0.001). No laboratory values obtained on paediatric ICU admission were able to predict severe post-operative bleeding. Those with severe bleeding had significantly less paediatric ICU-free days (p = 0.010) and mechanical ventilation-free days (p = 0.013) as compared to those without severe bleeding.

Conclusions:

Applying the BASIC definition to our cohort, severe bleeding occurred in 16% of children in the first day following cardiopulmonary bypass. Severe bleeding was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Standard laboratory assays do not predict bleeding warranting further study of available laboratory tests.
THE CULTURAL AND AESTHETIC ROOTS OFTHE JOYLESS ECONOMY
Authors: Di Giovinazzo Viviana
Published: November 2022

Tibor Scitovsky’sThe Joyless Economy(1976) is now regarded as a landmark publication in the combined fields of economics and psychology, with standard accounts of Scitovsky’s ideas emphasizing the influence of 1960s motivational psychology literature. While this encounter is all-important, Scitovsky’s ideas must at the same time be read in the context of the evolution of his critique of twentieth-century mass society. The present paper presents that critique and demonstrates its fundamental importance for Scitovsky’s diagnosis of an economy he termed “joyless.” Drawing upon his “Memoirs,” we show how Scitovsky’s ideas were initially shaped by the culture/aesthetics of his early years in Budapest, followed by his experiences of rising totalitarianism in interwar Europe, and further affected by his move to the consumption society of postwar America. The way he engaged with the writings of influential contemporary cultural commentators, including André Gide, Erich Fromm, Bertrand de Jouvenel, Lewis Mumford, and Bernard Rudofsky, was incisive. Close scrutiny also reveals resonances between Scitovsky’s cultural concerns and those of some of the Bloomsbury Group.
Three Pathways Into Chronic Lack of Energy as a Mental Health	Complaint
Authors: André Nathalie , Baumeister Roy F.
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Many disturbances of physical, social, and mental health have conditions involving lack of energy, difficulty in making decisions, and low interest or motivation. Laboratory studies of willpower depletion have produced similar states in a temporary fashion. The present review uses extant literature to develop and test three theories about how temporary states of low willpower could become chronic. The first is ongoing and repeated exposure to depleting circumstances, such as caregiver fatigue, burdensome financial debts, and high-stress jobs. The second focuses on inadequate recoveries, such as poor sleep, insufficient nutrition, or unsatisfying vacations. The third invokes dispositional vulnerabilities that predispose some people to become depleted more frequently than others. A wide-ranging search for evidence concluded that the first two theories have more support than the third, though all further merit research. Additional possible contributions to chronicity are discussed, such as the emergence of vicious circles.
An Approach to Characterizing the Spatial Pattern and Scale of Regional Heat Islands Over Urban Agglomerations
Authors: Xie Z. Q. , Du Y. , Miao Q. , Zhang L. L. , Wang N.
Published: November 2022

Great difficulty in characterizing the spatial pattern and scale of regional surface urban heat islands (RSUHIs) over urban agglomerations is mainly attributed to the RSUHI extent exceeding urban boundaries and strong variations in the background climate state and land cover. A new method that successfully addresses these problems by applying the spatial similarity of the land surface temperature (LST) annual cycle in urban agglomerations is proposed to characterize the RSUHI spatial pattern and scale in the Yangtze River Delta of China. This method has good adaptability to complex terrain and climate variations and simultaneously identifies the RSUHI spatial pattern and scale. The RSUHI spatial extent averaged 3.7 × 104 km2 in 2003–2020, which is 1.5–2.0 times the urban extent, and had a fluctuating but increasing tendency. Rapid urbanization and the spatial pattern‐shifting LST anomalies were mainly responsible for the fluctuating RSUHI extent during 2003–2020.
Correspondence Among Mid‐Latitude Glacier Equilibrium Line Altitudes, Atmospheric Temperatures, and Westerly Wind Fields
Authors: Audet Alexander C. , Putnam Aaron E. , Russell Joellen L. , Lorrey Andrew , Mackintosh Andrew , Anderson Brian , Denton George H.
Published: November 2022

Mountain glaciers are highly sensitive to climate change. However, the extent to which glaciers capture regional to hemisphere‐scale atmospheric processes remains uncertain, hindering paleoclimatic interpretations derived from moraine‐based glacier reconstructions. Here, we evaluate how mid‐latitude glacier systems monitor climate by comparing climate reanalysis products with glacier annual equilibrium line altitude (ELA) elevations from the antipodal Southern Alps of New Zealand and European Alps. We find significant regional and hemispheric correlations between glacier annual ELA and summer tropospheric temperatures. Annual ELA also exhibit positive correlations with the latitude of the westerly jets in both hemispheres. These results indicate that westerly wind‐belt latitude modulates the proportion of cold versus warm air masses influencing these glacier systems. These results highlight the sensitivity of mid‐latitude glaciers to atmospheric temperatures and circulation, with implications for interpreting moraine‐based paleoclimate reconstructions. Combined impacts of ongoing tropospheric warming and poleward‐shifting westerlies will likely accelerate recession of mid‐latitude glaciers.
Meltwater Contribution to Lake Water Budget in Mid‐Latitude Asia During the Deglaciation and Early Holocene
Authors: Jiang Jiawei , Liu Hu , Jiang Qingfeng , Chang Yuan‐Pin , Song Mu , Meng Bowen , Wang Huanye , Cao Yunning , Shen Ji , Krivonogov Sergey , Liu Weiguo , Liu Zhonghui
Published: November 2022

Contrasting moisture evolutions between westerlies‐dominated Central Asia and monsoonal Asia since the mid‐Holocene have been widely recognized. Yet, inconsistent hydrological records over the early Holocene from both regions hamper our understanding of hydroclimatic changes and associated mechanisms. Here we present isotopic and biomarker (alkenone) records from three Chinese lakes located at both regions to address a possible meltwater role in lake water budget. Our results show the occurrence of particularly depleted isotopic values of lake water associated with lake freshening within the deglaciation and early Holocene. Together with anomalously old 14C dates, which were also documented in many other Asian lakes, our observations likely indicate substantial meltwater contribution to mid‐latitude Asian lake water budget, along with the climatic warming. Hence, the potential meltwater effect should be considered when inferring Asian summer monsoon and westerlies behavior over this critical period, with important implications to Holocene hydrological reconstructions and future hydroclimatic projections.
Formation Process of Particles and Cloud Condensation Nuclei Over the Amazon Rainforest: The Role of Local and Remote New‐Particle Formation
Authors: Zhao Bin , Fast Jerome , Shrivastava Manish , Donahue Neil M. , Gao Yang , Shilling John E. , Liu Ying , Zaveri Rahul A. , Gaudet Brian , Wang Shuxiao , Wang Jian , Li Zeqi , Fan Jiwen
Published: November 2022

Understanding the formation processes of particles and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in pristine environments is a major challenge in assessing the anthropogenic impacts on climate change. Using a state‐of‐the‐art model that systematically simulates the new‐particle formation (NPF) from condensable vapors and multi‐scale transport of chemical species, we find that NPF contributes ∼90% of the particle number and ∼80% of the CCN at 0.5% supersaturation (CCN0.5%) in the pristine Amazon boundary layer during the wet season. The corresponding contributions are only ∼30% and ∼20% during the dry season because of prevalent biomass burning. In both seasons, ∼50% of the NPF‐induced particles and ∼85% of the NPF‐induced CCN0.5% in the boundary layer originate from the long‐range transport of new particles formed hundreds to thousands of kilometers away. Moreover, about 50%–65% of the NPF‐induced particles and 35%–50% of the NPF‐induced CCN0.5% originate from the downward transport of new particles formed aloft.
Porosity Evolution in Rate and State Friction
Authors: Rudnicki John W.
Published: November 2022

This letter compares the predictions of two expressions proposed for the porosity evolution in the context of rate and state friction. One (Segall & Rice, 1995, https://doi.org/10.1029/95jb02403) depends only on the sliding velocity; the other (Sleep, 1995, https://doi.org/10.1029/94jb03340) depends only on the state variable. Simulations of both are similar for velocity stepping and slide‐hold‐slide experiments. They differ significantly for normal effective stress jumps at constant sliding velocity. Segall and Rice (1995, https://doi.org/10.1029/95jb02403) predicts no change in the porosity; Sleep (1995, https://doi.org/10.1029/94jb03340) does. Simulation with a spring‐block model indicates that the magnitude of rapid slip events is essentially the same for the two formulations. Variations of porosity and induced pore pressure near rapid slip events are similar and consistent with experimental observations. Predicted porosity variations during slow slip intervals and the time at which rapid slip events occur are significantly different. The simulation indicates that changes in friction stress due to pore pressure changes exceed those due to rate and state effects.
Discretization of Sea Ice Dynamics in the Tangent Plane to the Sphere by a CD‐Grid‐Type Finite Element
Authors: Mehlmann Carolin , Gutjahr Oliver
Published: November 2022

We present a new discretization of sea ice dynamics on the sphere. The approach describes sea ice motion in tangent planes to the sphere. On each triangle of the mesh, the ice dynamics are discretized in a local coordinate system using a CD‐grid‐like non‐conforming finite element method. The development allows a straightforward coupling to the C‐grid like ocean model in Icosahedral Non‐hydrostatic‐Ocean model, which uses the same infrastructure as the sea ice module. Using a series of test examples, we demonstrate that the non‐conforming finite element discretization provides a stable realization of large‐scale sea ice dynamics on the sphere. A comparison with observation shows that we can simulate typical drift patterns with the new numerical realization of the sea ice dynamics.
Supporting the Development of Adherence and Self-Management in Pediatric Severe Hemophilia
Authors: Cartwright Kelly B.
Published: November 2022

Objective: Hemophilia is a complex medical condition in which home-based self-management by children, adolescents, and their families is the standard of care. However, research on hemophilia self-management is limited. Because of its complexity and self-management standard, understanding the development of adherence and self-management in hemophilia may provide insights into supporting pediatric patients and their families in managing complex health care needs that can be generalized and adapted for other conditions. Methods: A topical review and retrospective case report are provided to illustrate issues in the development of adherence and self-management, and to highlight clinical applications, for pediatric patients with severe hemophilia. Results: Individual, social, and contextual factors influence adherence in pediatric severe hemophilia. Interventions that support individual autonomy and competence, such as medical play and education, and social-contextual supports, such as community-building and technological supports, have been shown to improve adherence and self-management in pediatric severe hemophilia, particularly when tailored to patients’ individual needs. Conclusions: Though the literature on adherence and self-management in pediatric severe hemophilia is limited, evidence of positive effects of adherence and self-management interventions is promising and could be applied to management of other complex conditions. Future work should examine emerging adults, and roles of health literacy, executive functioning, and pediatric psychologists in adherence and self-management in pediatric severe hemophilia.

Implications for Impact Statement

Pediatric severe hemophilia is a complex condition that is managed at home by children and families. Studying what works to promote the development of adherence and self-management in such a complex condition can help families and providers understand how to manage and foster the development of adherence and self-management in patients with pediatric severe hemophilia and other complex health conditions.
Adaptive activation of EFNB2/EPHB4 axis promotes post-metastatic growth of colorectal cancer liver metastases by LDLR-mediated cholesterol uptake
Authors: Xu Chunjie , Gu Lei , Kuerbanjiang Manzila , Jiang Chunhui , Hu Lipeng , Liu Ye , Xue Hanbing , Li Jun , Zhang Zhigang , Xu Qing
Published: November 2022

The microenvironment of distant organ plays vital roles in regulating tumor metastases. However, little is known about the crosstalk between metastasized tumor cells and target organs. Herein, we found that EFNB2 expression was upregulated in liver metastases (LM) of colorectal cancer (CRC), but not in pulmonary metastases (PM) or primary CRC tumors. EFNB2 played a tumor-promoting role in CRC LM in vitro and in vivo. Through forward signaling, EFNB2-promoted CRC LM by interacting with the EPHB4 receptor. EFNB2/EPHB4 axis enhances LDLR-mediated cholesterol uptake in CRC LM. Subsequently, EFNB2/EPHB4 axis promotes LDLR transcription by regulating STAT3 phosphorylation. Blocking LDLR reversed the role of the EFNB2/EPHB4 axis in promoting CRC LM. Using clinical data, survival analysis revealed that the survival time of patients with CRC LM was decreased in patients with high EFNB2 expression, compared with low EFNB2 expression. Inhibition of the EFNB2/EPHB4 axis markedly prolonged the survival time of BALB/c nude mice with CRC LM with a high cholesterol diet. These findings revealed a key step in the regulation of cholesterol uptake by EFNB2/EPHB4 axis and its tumor-promoting role in CRC LM.
GALNT14-mediated O-glycosylation on PHB2 serine-161 enhances cell growth, migration and drug resistance by activating IGF1R cascade in hepatoma cells
Authors: Chu Yu-De , Fan Tan-Chi , Lai Ming-Wei , Yeh Chau-Ting
Published: November 2022

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9679162 located on GALNT14 gene predicts therapeutic outcomes in patients with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, the associations between SNP genotypes, GALNT14 expression, and downstream molecular events were determined. A higher GALNT14 cancerous/noncancerous ratio was associated with the rs9679162-GG genotype, leading to an unfavorable postoperative prognosis. A novel exon-6-skipped GALNT14 mRNA variant was identified in patients carrying the rs9679162-TT genotype, which was associated with lower GALNT14 expression and favorable prognosis. Cell-based experiments showed that elevated levels of GALNT14 promoted HCC growth, migration, and resistance to anticancer drugs. Using a comparative lectin-capture glycoproteomic approach, PHB2 was identified as a substrate for GALNT14-mediated O-glycosylation. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that serine-161 (Ser161) was the O-glycosylation site. Further analysis showed that O-glycosylation of PHB2-Ser161 was required for the GALNT14-mediated growth-promoting phenotype. O-glycosylation of PHB2 was positively correlated with GALNT14 expression in HCC, resulting in increased interaction between PHB2 and IGFBP6, which in turn led to the activation of IGF1R-mediated signaling. In conclusion, the GALNT14-rs9679162 genotype was associated with differential expression levels of GALNT14 and the generation of a novel exon-6-skipped GALNT14 mRNA variant, which was associated with a favorable prognosis in HCC. The GALNT14/PHB2/IGF1R cascade modulated the growth, migration, and anticancer drug resistance of HCC cells, thereby opening the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets against HCC.
The 3D enhancer network of the developing T cell genome is shaped by SATB1
Authors: Zelenka Tomas , Klonizakis Antonios , Tsoukatou Despina , Papamatheakis Dionysios-Alexandros , Franzenburg Sören , Tzerpos Petros , Tzonevrakis Ioannis-Rafail , Papadogkonas George , Kapsetaki Manouela , Nikolaou Christoforos , Plewczynski Dariusz , Spilianakis Charalampos
Published: November 2022

Mechanisms of tissue-specific gene expression regulation via 3D genome organization are poorly understood. Here we uncover the regulatory chromatin network of developing T cells and identify SATB1, a tissue-specific genome organizer, enriched at the anchors of promoter-enhancer loops. We have generated a T-cell specific Satb1 conditional knockout mouse which allows us to infer the molecular mechanisms responsible for the deregulation of its immune system. H3K27ac HiChIP and Hi-C experiments indicate that SATB1-dependent promoter-enhancer loops regulate expression of master regulator genes (such as Bcl6), the T cell receptor locus and adhesion molecule genes, collectively being critical for cell lineage specification and immune system homeostasis. SATB1-dependent regulatory chromatin loops represent a more refined layer of genome organization built upon a high-order scaffold provided by CTCF and other factors. Overall, our findings unravel the function of a tissue-specific factor that controls transcription programs, via spatial chromatin arrangements complementary to the chromatin structure imposed by ubiquitously expressed genome organizers.
Cryo-EM structures reveal the activation and substrate recognition mechanism of human enteropeptidase
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Ding Zhanyu , Peng Lisi , Song Qiuyue , Zhang Deyu , Cui Fang , Xia Chuanchao , Li Keliang , Yin Hua , Li Shiyu , Li Zhaoshen , Huang Haojie
Published: November 2022

Enteropeptidase (EP) initiates intestinal digestion by proteolytically processing trypsinogen, generating catalytically active trypsin. EP dysfunction causes a series of pancreatic diseases including acute necrotizing pancreatitis. However, the molecular mechanisms of EP activation and substrate recognition remain elusive, due to the lack of structural information on the EP heavy chain. Here, we report cryo-EM structures ofhumanEP in inactive, active, and substrate-bound states at resolutions from 2.7 to 4.9 Å. The EP heavy chain was observed to clamp the light chain with CUB2 domain for substrate recognition. The EP light chain N-terminus induced a rearrangement of surface-loops from inactive to active conformations, resulting in activated EP. The heavy chain then served as a hinge for light-chain conformational changes to recruit and subsequently cleave substrate. Our study provides structural insights into rearrangements of EP surface-loops and heavy chain dynamics in the EP catalytic cycle, advancing our understanding of EP-associated pancreatitis.
Intrinsic brain dynamics in the Default Mode Network predict involuntary fluctuations of visual awareness
Authors: Lyu Dian , Naik Shruti , Menon David K. , Stamatakis Emmanuel A.
Published: November 2022

Brain activity is intrinsically organised into spatiotemporal patterns, but it is still not clear whether these intrinsic patterns are functional or epiphenomenal. Using a simultaneous fMRI-EEG implementation of a well-known bistable visual task, we showed that the latent transient states in the intrinsic EEG oscillations can predict upcoming involuntarily perceptual transitions. The critical state predicting a dominant perceptual transition was characterised by the phase coupling between the precuneus (PCU), a key node of the Default Mode Network (DMN), and the primary visual cortex (V1). The interaction between the lifetime of this state and the PCU- > V1 Granger-causal effect is correlated with the perceptual fluctuation rate. Our study suggests that the brain’s endogenous dynamics are phenomenologically relevant, as they can elicit a diversion between potential visual processing pathways, while external stimuli remain the same. In this sense, the intrinsic DMN dynamics pre-empt the content of consciousness.
Conformational motions and ligand-binding underlying gating and regulation in IP3R channel
Authors: Fan Guizhen , Baker Mariah R. , Terry Lara E. , Arige Vikas , Chen Muyuan , Seryshev Alexander B. , Baker Matthew L. , Ludtke Steven J. , Yule David I. , Serysheva Irina I.
Published: November 2022

Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are activated by IP3 and Ca2+ and their gating is regulated by various intracellular messengers that finely tune the channel activity. Here, using single particle cryo-EM analysis we determined 3D structures of the nanodisc-reconstituted IP3R1 channel in two ligand-bound states. These structures provide unprecedented details governing binding of IP3, Ca2+ and ATP, revealing conformational changes that couple ligand-binding to channel opening. Using a deep-learning approach and 3D variability analysis we extracted molecular motions of the key protein domains from cryo-EM density data. We find that IP3 binding relies upon intrinsic flexibility of the ARM2 domain in the tetrameric channel. Our results highlight a key role of dynamic side chains in regulating gating behavior of IP3R channels. This work represents a stepping-stone to developing mechanistic understanding of conformational pathways underlying ligand-binding, activation and regulation of the channel.
Independently evolved viral effectors convergently suppress DELLA protein SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in rice
Authors: Li Lulu , Zhang Hehong , Yang Zihang , Wang Chen , Li Shanshan , Cao Chen , Yao Tongsong , Wei Zhongyan , Li Yanjun , Chen Jianping , Sun Zongtao
Published: November 2022

Plant viruses adopt diverse virulence strategies to inhibit host antiviral defense. However, general antiviral defense directly targeted by different types of plant viruses have rarely been studied. Here, we show that the single rice DELLA protein, SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1), a master negative regulator in Gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, is targeted by several different viral effectors for facilitating viral infection. Viral proteins encoded by different types of rice viruses all directly trigger the rapid degradation of SLR1 by promoting association with the GA receptor OsGID1. SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance was subverted by these independently evolved viral proteins, which all interrupted the functional crosstalk between SLR1 and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. This decline of JA antiviral further created the advantage of viral infection. Our study reveals a common viral counter-defense strategy in which different types of viruses convergently target SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance to benefit viral infection in the monocotyledonous crop rice.
Effect of thermo-oxidative aging on the Payne effect and hysteresis loss of carbon-black filled rubber vulcanizates
Authors: Yin Boyuan , Wen Haibo , Luo Wenbo
Published: November 2022

In the tire industry, the Payne effect and hysteresis loss of carbon-black (CB) filled rubber vulcanizates are the most concerning issues. CB filled rubber vulcanizates are susceptible to thermo-oxidative aging in the applications. In this paper, the effects of thermo-oxidative aging are investigated from experimental and theoretical aspects. The specimens are subjected to thermo-oxidative aging at 80, 100 and 120 °C for various periods of time ranging from 1 to 6 days and then the dynamic mechanical tests are conducted. The results show that both the storage modulus and the loss modulus increase with increasing aging time. The hysteresis loss of the material shows an increasing tendency with the increase of dynamic strain amplitude, aging time and aging temperature. The Kraus model is used to describe the Payne effect and a viscoelastic model consisting of dynamic strain amplitude and loss modulus is used to calculate the energy dissipation.
Racial disparities and prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, cardiometabolic risk factors, and cardiovascular health metrics among US adults: NHANES 2011–2018
Authors: Lopez-Neyman Stephanie M. , Davis Kathleen , Zohoori Namvar , Broughton K. Shane , Moore Carolyn E. , Miketinas Derek
Published: November 2022

This study estimated the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors, and cardiovascular health metrics (CVHMs) among US adults and across race/ethnicity groups. The study comprised 8370 US adults aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018, free of coronary heart disease/heart failure, angina/angina pectoris, heart attack, and stroke, who provided complete data for the outcome variables of interest. Age-adjusted prevalence of CVD and CM risk factors, and CVHMs were computed for all adults and across race/ethnicity groups. All analyses accounted for the complex, multi-stage survey sampling design of the NHANES. Hypertension (45.0%), obesity (40.0%), fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or hypoglycemic medication (51.0%), ideal physical activity (59.2%) and ideal smoking status (56.9%) were most prevalent for the whole sample. Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Blacks had elevated risk for some, but not all, CVD and CM risk factors compared to non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Asians. Reducing further health disparities and persisting differences among racial and ethnic groups is vital to achieving the American Heart Association vision of all people having ideal cardiovascular health, living healthier and longer.
Preferences for seeking effort or reward information bias the willingness to work
Authors: Müller Tanja , Husain Masud , Apps Matthew A. J.
Published: November 2022

Research suggests that the temporal order in which people receive information about costs and benefits whilst making decisions can influence their choices. But, do people have a preference for seeking information about costs or benefits when making effort-based decisions, and does this impact motivation? Here, participants made choices about whether to exert different levels of physical effort to obtain different magnitudes of reward, or rest for low reward. Prior to each effort-based choice, they also had to decide which information they wanted to see first: how much physical effort would be required, or how large the reward would be. We found no overall preference for seeking reward or effort information first, but motivation did change when people saw reward or effort information first. Seeking effort information first, both someone’s average tendency to do so and their choice to see effort first on a given trial, was associated with reductions in the willingness to exert higher effort. Moreover, the tendency to prefer effort information first was associated with reduced vigorous exercise and higher levels of fatigue in everyday life. These findings highlight that preferences for seeking effort information may be a bias that reduces people’s willingness to exert effort in the lab and in everyday life.
Current-induced zero-field domain wall depinning in cylindrical nanowires
Authors: Moreno Julian A. , Kosel Jurgen
Published: November 2022

Multi-segmented cylindrical nanowires have properties that make them attractive for high-density, high-speed logic and memory applications. Investigations of the current-induced domain wall motion in cylindrical nanowires have, so far, typically been conducted with a background magnetic field. However, if performed at zero external field, they would be much more viable for their use in prospective electronic devices. Here, we present an all-magneto electrical method to consistently pin domain walls in multi-segmented nanowires and induce their de-pinning using current pulses. The experiments were conducted with compositionally modulated three-segmented nickel/cobalt/nickel and two-segmented cobalt/nickel nanowires of 190 and 150 nm diameter, respectively, where the soft/hard magnetic texture has been fairly studied. We find that for the 3 segmented nanowire, the domain wall can be de-pinned independent of the polarity of the pulse, while for the 2 segmented nanowire the domain wall de-pins only for one polarity. Applying current pulses of 1 × 1012 A/m2, we use a pulse width of 22 ns to estimate a lower boundary for the domain wall speed of 634.54 m/s in cobalt. We study the resistive heating effect from the DC measurement current to find a temperature increase of no more than 2 °C after more than 20 h of tests.
Retinal functional ultrasound imaging (rfUS) for assessing neurovascular alterations: a pilot study on a rat model of dementia
Authors: Morisset Clementine , Dizeux Alexandre , Larrat Benoit , Selingue Erwan , Boutin Herve , Picaud Serge , Sahel Jose-Alain , Ialy-Radio Nathalie , Pezet Sophie , Tanter Mickael , Deffieux Thomas
Published: November 2022

Fifty million people worldwide are affected by dementia, a heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition encompassing diseases such as Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, and Parkinson’s. For them, cognitive decline is often the first marker of the pathology after irreversible brain damage has already occurred. Researchers now believe that structural and functional alterations of the brain vasculature could be early precursors of the diseases and are looking at how functional imaging could provide an early diagnosis years before irreversible clinical symptoms. In this preclinical pilot study, we proposed using functional ultrasound (fUS) on the retina to assess neurovascular alterations non-invasively, bypassing the skull limitation. We demonstrated for the first time the use of functional ultrasound in the retina and applied it to characterize the retinal hemodynamic response function in vivo in rats following a visual stimulus. We then demonstrated that retinal fUS could measure robust neurovascular coupling alterations between wild-type rats and TgF344-AD rat models of Alzheimer’s disease. We observed an average relative increase in blood volume of 21% in the WT versus 37% for the TG group (p = 0.019). As a portable, non-invasive and inexpensive technique, rfUS is a promising functional screening tool in clinics for dementia years before symptoms.
MAX: a simple, affordable, and rapid tissue clearing reagent for 3D imaging of wide variety of biological specimens
Authors: Lee Boram , Lee Ju-Hyun , Kim Dai Hyun , Kim Eun Sil , Seo Bo Kyoung , Rhyu Im Joo , Sun Woong
Published: November 2022

Transparency of biological specimens is crucial to obtaining detailed 3-dimensional images and understanding the structure and function of biological specimens. This transparency or tissue clearing can be achieved by adjusting the refractive index (RI) with embedding media and removing light barriers such as lipids, inorganic deposits, and pigments. Many currently available protocols consist of multiple steps to achieve sufficient transparency, making the process complex and time-consuming. Thus, in this study, we tailored the recipe for RI adjustment media named MAX based on the recently reported MACS protocol to achieve a single-step procedure, especially for ECM-rich tissues. This was achieved by the improvement of the tissue penetrability of the RI-matching reagent by combining MXDA with sucrose or iodixanol. While this was sufficient for the 3D imaging in many applications, MAX can also be combined with modular processes for de-lipidation, de-coloration, and de-calcification to further maximize the transparency depending on the special features of the tissues. Our approach provides an easy alternative for tissue clearing and 3D imaging.
Open pollution routing problem of logistics distribution in medical union based on differential search algorithm
Authors: Quan Xiaoxiao , Pang Yongsheng , Chen Jiansheng , Chu Xianghua , Shangguan Lina
Published: November 2022

Medical care is a guarantee of people's daily life. Improving healthcare contributes to people's well-being. However, healthcare resources are characterized by uneven distribution. Financially well-off areas will have higher quality health care resources. Most of the medical resources are concentrated in public general hospitals, however, primary care institutions can hardly meet the growing needs of people. To solve this problem, Medical Union achieves efficient deployment of resources by integrating various medical institutions in the same area. In the process of logistics integration of the medical union, the scale of logistics distribution expands accordingly. Transportation vehicles have high operating costs and produce greenhouse gases in the process of distribution. The optimization of the driving path of logistics distribution vehicles can reduce the operating cost, fuel consumption and carbon emission. To solve this kind of decentralized and complex vehicle routing problem, this paper proposes a pollution routing problem model considering electrical vehicle usage, customer's soft time window expectation, open path and carbon cost. A modified Differential Search Algorithm with the comprehensive learning strategy and dynamic Cauchy variation strategy is advanced to solve the problem. Results show that the improved algorithm has good solving performance, and verifies the rationality of the proposed model, which will help to reduce carbon emissions and save the logistics and operating costs of medical devices.
An influential node identification method considering multi-attribute decision fusion and dependency
Authors: Chen Chao-Yang , Tan Dingrong , Meng Xiangyi , Gao Jianxi
Published: November 2022

It is essential to study the robustness and centrality of interdependent networks for building reliable interdependent systems. Here, we consider a nonlinear load-capacity cascading failure model on interdependent networks, where the initial load distribution is not random, as usually assumed, but determined by the influence of each node in the interdependent network. The node influence is measured by an automated entropy-weighted multi-attribute algorithm that takes into account both different centrality measures of nodes and the interdependence of node pairs, then averaging for not only the node itself but also its nearest neighbors and next-nearest neighbors. The resilience of interdependent networks under such a more practical and accurate setting is thoroughly investigated for various network parameters, as well as how nodes from different layers are coupled and the corresponding coupling strength. The results thereby can help better monitoring interdependent systems.
Collective motion of active particles exhibiting non-reciprocal orientational interactions
Authors: Knežević Miloš , Welker Till , Stark Holger
Published: November 2022

We present a Brownian dynamics study of a 2D bath of active particles interacting among each other through usual steric interactions and, additionally, via non-reciprocal avoidant orientational interactions. We motivate them by the fact that the two flagella of the alga Chlamydomonas interact sterically with nearby surfaces such that a torque acts on the alga. As expected, in most cases such interactions disrupt the motility-induced particle clustering in active baths. Surprisingly, however, we find that the active particles can self-organize into collectively moving flocks if the range of non-reciprocal interactions is close to that of steric interactions. We observe that the flocking motion can manifest itself through a variety of structural forms, spanning from single dense bands to multiple moderately-dense stripes, which are highly dynamic. The flocking order parameter is found to be only weakly dependent on the underlying flock structure. Together with the variance of the local-density distribution, one can clearly group the flocking motion into the two separate band and dynamic-stripes states.
The solvent chosen for the manufacturing of electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds influences cell behavior of lung cancer cells
Authors: Polonio-Alcalá Emma , Casanova-Batlle Enric , Puig Teresa , Ciurana Joaquim
Published: November 2022

The development of a trustworthy in vitro lung cancer model is essential to better understand the illness, find novel biomarkers, and establish new treatments. Polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibers are a cost-effective and ECM-like approach for 3D cell culture. However, the solvent used to prepare the polymer solution has a significant impact on the fiber morphology and, consequently, on the cell behavior. Hence, the present study evaluated the effect of the solvent employed in the manufacturing on the physical properties of 15%-PCL electrospun scaffolds and consequently, on cell behavior of NCI-H1975 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Five solvents mixtures (acetic acid, acetic acid-formic acid (3:1, v/v), acetone, chloroform-ethanol (7:3, v/v), and chloroform-dichloromethane (7:3, v/v)) were tested. The highest cell viability ($$\overline{x }$$

x
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= 33.4%) was found for cells cultured on chloroform-ethanol (7:3) PCL scaffolds. Chloroform-dichloromethane (7:3) PCL scaffolds exhibited a roughness that enhanced the quality of electrospun filament, in terms of cell viability. Our findings highlighted the influence of the solvent on fiber morphology and protein adsorption capacity of nanofilaments. Consequently, these features directly affected cell attachment, morphology, and viability.
Helicobacter pylori infection eradication for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yu Ying-ying , Tong Yu-ling , Wu Ling-yan , Yu Xin-yan
Published: November 2022

Previous studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of H. pylori eradication treatment on NAFLD patients. Two hundred NAFLD patients who tested positive for H. pylori infection were randomized into the H. pylori eradication treatment group or the control group. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters and FibroScan were measured in all subjects at baseline and 1 year after treatment. At 1 year after treatment, the decrease in metabolic indicators, such as fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, body mass index and controlled attenuation parameter values, were more obvious in the treatment group. Moreover, the inflammatory indicators white blood count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also significantly decreased. H. pylori eradication can further reduce the metabolic indices of NAFLD and the degree of liver steatosis. H. pylori infection may participate in the occurrence and development of NAFLD through its influence on inflammatory factors. Thus, checking for the presence of H. pylori infection in patients at risk of NAFLD may be beneficial.
AndroMalPack: enhancing the ML-based malware classification by detection and removal of repacked apps for Android systems
Authors: Rafiq Husnain , Aslam Nauman , Aleem Muhammad , Issac Biju , Randhawa Rizwan Hamid
Published: November 2022

Due to the widespread usage of Android smartphones in the present era, Android malware has become a grave security concern. The research community relies on publicly available datasets to keep pace with evolving malware. However, a plethora of apps in those datasets are mere clones of previously identified malware. The reason is that instead of creating novel versions, malware authors generally repack existing malicious applications to create malware clones with minimal effort and expense. This paper investigates three benchmark Android malware datasets to quantify repacked malware using package names-based similarity. We consider 5560 apps from the Drebin dataset, 24,533 apps from the AMD and 695,470 apps from the AndroZoo dataset for analysis. Our analysis reveals that 52.3% apps in Drebin, 29.8% apps in the AMD and 42.3% apps in the AndroZoo dataset are repacked malware. Furthermore, we present AndroMalPack, an Android malware detector trained on clones-free datasets and optimized using Nature-inspired algorithms. Although trained on a reduced version of datasets, AndroMalPack classifies novel and repacked malware with a remarkable detection accuracy of up to 98.2% and meagre false-positive rates. Finally, we publish a dataset of cloned apps in Drebin, AMD, and AndrooZoo to foster research in the repacked malware analysis domain.
Design and evaluation of additive manufactured highly efficient inclined-wing type continuous mixer
Authors: Baek Seoung-Ho , Yang Jung-Ho , Ha Cheol-Woo , Shim Patrick Y. , Yong Son , Park Sang-Hu
Published: November 2022

We develop a novel milli-scale mixer (tilted-wings mixing unit, TWM unit) based on the design for additive manufacturing (DfAM). The proposed tilted-wings mixer has basically designed to have three separate wings that split and combine fluids in order to mix together effectively. Its structure is simple for easy fabrication: two major design parameters of angle among three wings and connecting angle between tilted-unit, which are optimized using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. From the CFD analysis, we obtain the best-combined mixing module from analyses of various combinations of TWM units for a highly effective mixing ratio. The mixing ratio of three combined units reaches near 100%, which is validated by the experiment and analysis. We believe that the proposed milli-scale mixer can be utilized in diverse chemical continuous mixers and reactors for minimizing of use of chemicals that can pollute the environment.
Enhanced survival prediction using explainable artificial intelligence in heart transplantation
Authors: Lisboa Paulo J. G. , Jayabalan Manoj , Ortega-Martorell Sandra , Olier Ivan , Medved Dennis , Nilsson Johan
Published: November 2022

The most limiting factor in heart transplantation is the lack of donor organs. With enhanced prediction of outcome, it may be possible to increase the life-years from the organs that become available. Applications of machine learning to tabular data, typical of clinical decision support, pose the practical question of interpretation, which has technical and potential ethical implications. In particular, there is an issue of principle about the predictability of complex data and whether this is inherent in the data or strongly dependent on the choice of machine learning model, leading to the so-called accuracy-interpretability trade-off. We model 1-year mortality in heart transplantation data with a self-explaining neural network, which is benchmarked against a deep learning model on the same development data, in an external validation study with two data sets: (1) UNOS transplants in 2017–2018 (n = 4750) for which the self-explaining and deep learning models are comparable in their AUROC 0.628 [0.602,0.654] cf. 0.635 [0.609,0.662] and (2) Scandinavian transplants during 1997–2018 (n = 2293), showing good calibration with AUROCs of 0.626 [0.588,0.665] and 0.634 [0.570, 0.698], respectively, with and without missing data (n = 982). This shows that for tabular data, predictive models can be transparent and capture important nonlinearities, retaining full predictive performance.
Machine learning based risk prediction for Parkinson's disease with nationwide health screening data
Authors: Park You Hyun , Suh Jee Hyun , Kim Yong Wook , Kang Dae Ryong , Shin Jaeyong , Yang Seung Nam , Yoon Seo Yeon
Published: November 2022

Although many studies have been conducted on machine learning (ML) models for Parkinson’s disease (PD) prediction using neuroimaging and movement analyses, studies with large population-based datasets are limited. We aimed to propose PD prediction models using ML algorithms based on the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening datasets. We selected individuals who participated in national health-screening programs > 5 times between 2002 and 2015. PD was defined based on the ICD-code (G20), and a matched cohort of individuals without PD was selected using a 1:1 random sampling method. Various ML algorithms were applied for PD prediction, and the performance of the prediction models was compared. Neural networks, gradient boosting machines, and random forest algorithms exhibited the best average prediction accuracy (average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.779, 0.766, and 0.731, respectively) among the algorithms validated in this study. The overall model performance metrics were higher in men than in women (AUC: 0.742 and 0.729, respectively). The most important factor for predicting PD occurrence was body mass index, followed by total cholesterol, glucose, hemoglobin, and blood pressure levels. Smoking and alcohol consumption (in men) and socioeconomic status, physical activity, and diabetes mellitus (in women) were highly correlated with the occurrence of PD. The proposed health-screening dataset-based PD prediction model using ML algorithms is readily applicable, produces validated results, and could be a useful option for PD prediction models.
Current global population size, post-whaling trend and historical trajectory of sperm whales
Authors: Whitehead Hal , Shin Megan
Published: November 2022

The sperm whale lives in most deep ice-free waters of the globe. It was targeted during two periods of whaling peaking in the 1840’s and 1960’s. Using a habitat suitability model, we extrapolated estimates of abundance from visual and acoustic surveys to give a global estimate of 736,053 sperm whales (CV = 0.218) in 1993. Estimates of trends in the post-whaling era suggest that: whaling, by affecting the sex ratio and/or the social cohesion of females, reduced recovery rates well after whaling ceased; preferentially-targeted adult males show the best evidence of recovery, presumably due to recruitment from breeding populations; several decades post-whaling, sperm whale populations not facing much human impact are recovering slowly, but populations may be declining in areas with substantial anthropogenic footprint. A theta-logistic population model enhanced to simulate spatial structure and the non-removal impacts of whaling indicated a pre-whaling population of 1,949,698 (CV = 0.178) in 1710 being reduced by whaling, and then then recovering a little to about 844,761 (CV = 0.209) in 2022. There is much uncertainty about these numbers and trends. A larger population estimate than produced by a similar analysis in 2002 is principally due to a better assessment of ascertainment bias.