bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A linear programming approach to online set membership parameter estimation for linear regression models
Authors: Casini M. , Garulli A. , Vicino A.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a new technique for online set membership parameter estimation of linear regression models affected by unknown‐but‐bounded noise. An orthotopic approximation of the set of feasible parameters is updated at each time step. The proposed technique relies on the solution of a suitable linear program, whenever a new measurement leads to a reduction of the approximating orthotope. The key idea for preventing the size of the linear programs from steadily increasing is to propagate only the binding constraints of these optimization problems. Numerical studies show that the new approach outperforms existing recursive set approximation techniques, while keeping the required computational burden within the same order of magnitude. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Room Temperature Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde over Pt/WO3
Authors: Amrollahi Rezvaneh , Wenderich Kasper , Mul Guido
Published: July 2016

Oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde is of relevance to synthetic chemistry and development of sensors for detection of gas phase ethanol. It is demonstrated by gas phase analysis and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) that a Pt/WO3 composite shows significant activity in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde at room temperature. DRIFTS also demonstrates consecutive surface chemistry occurs, yielding predominantly ethyl acetate. The oxidation state of the most active Pt particles is determined to be Pt0, rather than PtO, by studying variations in catalyst preparation methodology, and characterization of various samples by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Illumination has very little effect on surface reactivity and selectivity, but promotes formation of gas phase acetaldehyde.
Bioinspired Robust Sealed Colloidal Photonic Crystals of Hollow Microspheres for Excellent Repellency against Liquid Infiltration and Ultrastable Photonic Band Gap
Authors: Zhong Kuo , Liu Liwang , Lin Jiuyang , Li Jiaqi , van Cleuvenbergen Stijn , Brullot Ward , Bloemen Maarten , Song Kai , Clays Koen
Published: July 2016

Inspired by the limpet's shell, this study reports an inexpensive and straightforward strategy to create sealed photonic crystals from colloidal hollow microspheres. From the mechanically sealed structure and the periodically isolated air microcavities, the resulting sealed colloidal crystals show enhanced mechanical robustness and an ultrastable photonic band gap. In contrast to the sensitivity and the concomitant tuning capability in conventional opals and inverse opals, the sealed structure repels any liquid, even under high pressure, resulting in ultrastable photonic band gap properties. Moreover, with surface modification, its self‐cleaning ability prevents the deterioration of iridescence resulting from surface pollution. This novel photonic structure shows its potential utility in applications requiring an ultrastable photonic band gap in an extreme environment. This study demonstrates this by photonic crystal lasing at a constant wavelength for a sealed crystal, whether dry in air or submerged in water.
Controlling the Bandwidth of Terahertz Low‐Scattering Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhao Jie , Cheng Qiang , Wang Xin Ke , Yuan Min Jie , Zhou Xiao , Fu Xiao Jian , Qi Mei Qing , Liu Shuo , Chen Hai Bin , Zhang Yan , Cui Tie Jun
Published: July 2016

Low‐scattering metasurfaces in the terahertz region can benefit a number of applications such as imaging, radar, and novel light sources. Such metasurfaces can efficiently suppress specular reflection and diffuse the energy that comes back without preferred direction. However, the accurate bandwidth control of low‐scattering metasurfaces is still a main issue to be investigated. To solve the problem, here a new strategy to realize the low‐scattering metasurfaces with desired bandwidths is proposed. Different from the earlier work, the current design is carried out within a broad spectrum instead of at a single frequency, giving rise to the arbitrarily desired bandwidth. Three basic elements are proposed to construct the new metasurface, and the diffuse reflection feature can be attributed to their destructive interferences with the change of operating frequency. The intrinsic loss of the meta‐atoms is also taken into account to make the theoretical model more accurate in the practical design. Excellent scattering‐suppression features are observed in the predefined frequency bands in both simulated and experimental results, which have very good agreements with the theoretical predictions.
Modeling study for the effect of particle size on char gasification with CO2
Authors: Shen Zhongjie , Xu Jianliang , Liu Haifeng , Liang Qinfeng
Published: July 2016

A high temperature stage microscope to investigate the temperature effect caused by particle size on char gasification is applied in this study. Experiments were carried out with different particle sizes for raw chars and chars on molten slag surface, respectively. Heat transfer models were built for the raw char of two temperature distributions and char particle on molten slag, respectively. Results showed that reaction layer temperature of raw char decreased in the reaction dominant while char on molten slag had higher temperature. Temperature difference between two distributions increased with the initial particle size, indicating the temperature effect on large particles was obvious. Shrinking core model was applied and modified herein coupled with the modification of reaction layer temperature and reaction area. Model prediction and experimental data showed good agreements of carbon conversion and reactivity index for raw char and char on molten slag, respectively. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 716–724, 2017
Betti base‐modified magnetic nanoparticles as a novel basic nanocatalyst in Knoevenagel condensation and its related palladium nanocatalyst in Suzuki coupling reactions
Authors: Heidari Payam , Cheraghali Ramin , Veisi Hojat
Published: July 2016

Betti base‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been successfully designed and synthesized for the first time through the condensation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles coated by (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane with β‐naphthol and benzaldehyde. Their application as a novel magnetic nanocatalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation and also application to immobilization of palladium nanoparticles for Suzuki coupling reactions have been investigated which opens a new field for application of Betti base derivatives in organic transformations. The synthesized inorganic–organic hybrid nanocatalyst has been fully been characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, energy‐dispersive X‐ray, wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies and inductively coupled plasma techniques. The catalyst was easily separated with the assistance of an external magnet from the reaction mixture and reused for several consecutive runs with no significant loss of its catalytic efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On data depth and the application of nonparametric multivariate statistical process control charts
Authors: Bae Suk Joo , Do Giang , Kvam Paul
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this article is to summarize recent research results for constructing nonparametric multivariate control charts with main focus on data depth‐based control charts. Data depth provides dimension reduction to high‐dimensional problems in a completely nonparametric way. Several depth measures including Tukey depth are shown to be particularly effective for purposes of statistical process control in case that the data deviate normality assumption. For detecting small or moderate shifts in the process target mean, the multivariate version of the exponentially weighted moving average chart is generally robust to non‐normal data, so that nonparametric alternatives may be less often required. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of oxygen on the per‐cell extracellular electron transfer rate of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 explored in bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: Lu Mengqian , Chan Shirley , Babanova Sofia , Bretschger Orianna
Published: July 2016

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a mechanism that enables microbes to respire solid‐phase electron acceptors. These EET reactions most often occur in the absence of oxygen, since oxygen can act as a competitive electron acceptor for many facultative microbes. However, for Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1, oxygen may increase biomass development, which could result in an overall increase in EET activity. Here, we studied the effect of oxygen on S. oneidensis MR‐1 EET rates using bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). We utilized optically accessible BESs to monitor real‐time biomass growth, and studied the per‐cell EET rate as a function of oxygen and riboflavin concentrations in BESs of different design and operational conditions. Our results show that oxygen exposure promotes biomass development on the electrode, but significantly impairs per‐cell EET rates even though current production does not always decrease with oxygen exposure. Additionally, our results indicated that oxygen can affect the role of riboflavin in EET. Under anaerobic conditions, both current density and per‐cell EET rate increase with the riboflavin concentration. However, as the dissolved oxygen (DO) value increased to 0.42 mg/L, riboflavin showed very limited enhancement on per‐cell EET rate and current generation. Since it is known that oxygen can promote flavins secretion in S. oneidensis, the role of riboflavin may change under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 96–105. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Covalent Immobilization of Polyoxotungstate on Alumina and Its Catalytic Generation of Sulfoxides
Authors: Hong Lanlan , Win Pyaesone , Zhang Xuan , Chen Wei , Miras Haralampos N. , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: July 2016

The structural and chemical stabilities of immobilized polyoxometalate (POM)‐containing catalysts are crucial factors for their industrial application. An alumina supported POM catalyst is prepared by using a facile condensation reaction between the trilacunary POM Na12[α‐P2W15O56]⋅24 H2O (P2W15) and the hydroxy groups on the surface of γ‐Al2O3 spheres under acidic conditions. The heterogeneous catalyst P2W15−Al2O3 is characterized by a wide variety of techniques and shows excellent stability and highly efficient reactivity and selectivity for the oxygenation of thioethers to sulfoxides, which are a very useful intermediate in organic synthesis and the industrial preparation of drugs. Furthermore, P2W15−Al2O3 can be recycled and reused at least ten times without any observable loss of its catalytic efficiency, mainly due to the covalent immobilization and high dispersion of P2W15 on the γ‐Al2O3 surface.
MR imaging, targeting and characterization of pulmonary fibrosis using intra‐tracheal administration of gadolinium‐based nanoparticles
Authors: Tassali Nawal , Bianchi Andrea , Lux François , Raffard Gérard , Sanchez Stéphane , Tillement Olivier , Crémillieux Yannick
Published: July 2016

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease. Animal models are critical to develop new diagnostic approaches. We investigate here whether the application of an ultra‐short echo time MRI sequence combined with the intra‐tracheal administration of Gd‐based nanoparticles can help to visualize and characterize pulmonary fibrosis in mice. 21 mice were imaged. Treated mice were administered bleomycin. MRI was used for longitudinal detection of bleomycin‐induced lung injury from Day 1 up to Day 60. On Day 30, all mice received nanoparticles and MR images were acquired. A signal enhancement of 120% and 50% in fibrotic lesions and healthy tissues respectively was obtained. A twofold increase of contrast‐to‐noise ratio between fibrotic and healthy tissue was also observed, leading to a more accurate delineation of the extent of fibrosis. The elimination time constant of the nanoparticles was 54% higher in fibrotic lesions. Bleomycin‐induced lung injury can be monitored using MRI. Intra‐tracheal administration of Gd‐based nanoparticles enabled us to enhance fibrotic tissue in lungs but also to extract imaging biomarkers that quantify elimination and diffusion of contrast agents and can characterize fibrotic tissue. The added value of MRI associated with pulmonary administration of contrast agents is key to better understand the lung fibrotic process and monitor drug response in pre‐clinical studies, which will be valuable for translational applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytopathologic features of NUT midline carcinoma: A series of 26 specimens from 13 patients
Authors: Bishop Justin A. , French Christopher A. , Ali Syed Z.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is an increasingly recognized neoplasm defined by rearrangements of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene (also known as NUTM1). NMC is important to diagnose for prognostic and diagnostic reasons, but to date, only a small case series and rare case reports of the cytopathologic features of NMC have been published.

METHODS

All NMC specimens (confirmed by molecular testing and/or NUT immunoreactivity) with cytopathologic material available were identified at 2 academic centers. All smears were reviewed, and the cytologic characteristics were described.

RESULTS

Twenty‐six cytopathologic specimens of NMC were identified from 13 patients: 8 men and 5 women ranging in age from 16 to 68 years (mean, 35 years). The NMCs arose in the mediastinum (n = 4), sinonasal tract (n = 4), neck (n = 2), lung (n = 1), lung and mediastinum (n = 1), and kidney (n = 1). Cytologic specimens included serous cavity effusions (n = 13), fine‐needle aspirates (n = 9), bronchial brushings (n = 2), bronchial lavage (n = 1), and bronchial washings (n = 1). Ancillary studies were performed on cell blocks for only 6 samples from 4 patients: immunohistochemistry (n = 6) and flow cytometry (n = 1). All 13 NMCs had corresponding surgical pathology material. The NUT rearrangement status was known in 10 cases, and in 3 cases, the diagnosis was established by immunoreactivity for NUT. On cytologic smears, the NMCs were mostly hypercellular with monotonous, small to midsize, primitive‐appearing cells largely distributed singly in a discohesive pattern. The tumor cells had round to oval nuclei that appeared mostly naked and devoid of cytoplasm. The nuclei varied in chromatin density from mostly pale, open chromatin to a hyperchromatic, neuroendocrine‐type appearance, often with focal cell‐to‐cell molding, and most examples had a distinct, small nucleolus.

CONCLUSIONS

NMC is a recently recognized tumor that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors, especially but not exclusively in the mediastinum and the head and neck. The cytologic features of NMC overlap considerably with those of other neoplasms, and a definitive diagnosis depends on a demonstration of NUT translocation by either immunohistochemical or molecular means. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:901–908. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Thioflavin T: Electronic Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence Induced by Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Rybicka Anna , Longhi Giovanna , Castiglioni Ettore , Abbate Sergio , Dzwolak Wojciech , Babenko Viktoria , Pecul Magdalena
Published: July 2016

The circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectrum of thioflavin T (ThT) bound to insulin amyloid fibrils has been measured for the first time. It has been found that the samples exhibiting induced circular dichroism (CD) retain the optical activity in the CPL spectra, with the same sign of the rotatory strength. The fluorescence dissymmetry factor is substantial (of the order of magnitude 10−2). Unlike in the corresponding CD and absorption spectra, there is no shift of the CPL band with respect to the fluorescence band. It has been verified that the measured CPL spectra are free from artifacts from circularly polarized scattering of emitted light by conducting additional measurements in a medium with a refractive index similar to insulin (methylsalicylate). The CD and CPL spectra have been interpreted by means of density functional calculations carried out for ThT in its ground and first excited states in different dielectric environments and for ThT interacting with an aromatic ring. It has been found that the presence of an aromatic ring close to the ThT molecule induces Cotton effects of the same order of magnitude as the stabilization of one enantiomeric conformer. Thus, it is expected that both mechanisms contribute to the induced CD and CPL effect to a similar degree.
Discharge Characteristics of Microwave Plasma in Ethanol Solution
Authors: Zhao X. , Sun B. , Zhu X. , Yan Z. , Liu H. , Liu Y.
Published: July 2016

An apparatus was designed for generating plasma in ethanol solution. The plasma was generated on the top of the electrode by applying microwave radiation of 2.45 GHz. The results showed that ignition power decreased with increasing temperature of ethanol solution. However, ignition power increased with increasing pressure and point electrode radius of curvature. Plasma and bubbles were generated periodically in the same manner. The electron temperature of the plasma increased with increasing power, while it decreased with increasing pressure. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parametric Study of Nonplanar Dust Acoustic Solitons in Two‐Dimensional Superthermal Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Khan S. , Ata‐ur‐Rahman  , Ali S. , Khalid M. , Khattak N. A. D. , Zeb A.
Published: July 2016

The nonlinear properties of two dimensional low‐frequency electrostatic excitations of charged dust particles (or defects) are studied in a collisionless, unmagnetized dusty plasma. A fully ionized three‐component model plasma consisting of kappa distributed electrons, Maxwellian ions, and negatively charged massive dust grains is considered. In this regard, the well known reductive perturbation technique is used to the hydrodynamical equations and the Poisson equation, obtaining the cylindrical Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (CKP) equation. A parametric investigation indicates that the structural characteristics of these nonlinear excitations (width, amplitude) are significantly affected by the plasma nonthermality as well as by the relevant plasma parameters, such as dust concentration and dust temperature. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
FRET Pairs with Fixed Relative Orientation of Chromophores
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Behrends Nicole , Kumke Michael U. , Eisold Ursula
Published: July 2016

Synthetic routes to different oligospirothioketal (OSTK) Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) constructs are described and the photophysics of these constructs were explored in different solvents. The FRET efficiencies were determined from the experimental data and compared with theoretical values. The influence of the outstanding rigidity of the novel OSTK compounds on the FRET is discussed.
Exploring cooperation and competition in the Centipede game through verbal protocol analysis
Authors: Krockow Eva M. , Colman Andrew M. , Pulford Briony D.
Published: July 2016

The Centipede game is an abstract model of reciprocal relationships in which two individuals alternate in helping each other at relatively small personal cost. Whereas mutual cooperation can benefit both individuals in the long run, a paradoxical but logically compelling backward induction argument suggests that cooperation is irrational. Empirical studies have reported reliable deviations from the non‐cooperative backward induction solution, but their exclusively quantitative methods allow only a limited range of predefined motives to be explored. Our study uses verbal (‘think aloud’) protocols and qualitative data analysis to identify motives for cooperation in the Centipede game. The results provide little evidence for sophisticated backward induction reasoning. Instead, a wide range of motives emerged, their relative saliences varying according to the stage of the game. Activity bias affected decisions mainly at the beginning of the game, whereas cooperative and altruistic social value orientations most frequently accounted for cooperation towards its natural end.
Physicochemical, functional, and nutritional characteristics of stabilized rice bran form tarom cultivar
Authors: Rafe Ali , Sadeghian Alireza , Hoseini‐Yazdi Seyedeh Zohreh
Published: July 2016

Extrusion is a multistep thermal process which has been utilized in a wide spectrum of food preparations. The effect of extrusion processing on the physicochemical, nutritional, and functional properties of Tarom cultivar rice bran was studied. However, the color of rice bran was improved by extrusion processing, but the protein content was reduced in the stabilized rice bran, which can be related to the denaturation of protein. Extrusion had also a reduction significant effect on the phytic acid as well as vitamin E in rice bran. However, the content of niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and folic acid remained unchanged, but the dietary fiber was enhanced which has beneficial health effect on human consumption. In comparison with unstabilized rice bran, water holding capacity was enhanced, but the oil absorption capacity was reduced. Foaming capacity and foaming stability of extruded rice bran was more than that of untreated rice bran, although they were less than that of rice bran protein concentrate/isolate. In general, the extrusion process improves some functional and nutritional properties of rice bran which are valuable to industrial applications and have potential as ingredient in food to improve consumer health.
Combined systemic elimination of MET and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling completely abolishes liver regeneration and leads to liver decompensation
Authors: Paranjpe Shirish , Bowen William C. , Mars Wendy M. , Orr Anne , Haynes Meagan M. , DeFrances Marie C. , Liu Silvia , Tseng George C. , Tsagianni Anastasia , Michalopoulos George K.
Published: July 2016

Receptor tyrosine kinases MET and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are critically involved in initiation of liver regeneration. Other cytokines and signaling molecules also participate in the early part of the process. Regeneration employs effective redundancy schemes to compensate for the missing signals. Elimination of any single extracellular signaling pathway only delays but does not abolish the process. Our present study, however, shows that combined systemic elimination of MET and EGFR signaling (MET knockout + EGFR‐inhibited mice) abolishes liver regeneration, prevents restoration of liver mass, and leads to liver decompensation. MET knockout or simply EGFR‐inhibited mice had distinct and signaling‐specific alterations in Ser/Thr phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, AKT, extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2, phosphatase and tensin homolog, adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase α, etc. In the combined MET and EGFR signaling elimination of MET knockout + EGFR‐inhibited mice, however, alterations dependent on either MET or EGFR combined to create shutdown of many programs vital to hepatocytes. These included decrease in expression of enzymes related to fatty acid metabolism, urea cycle, cell replication, and mitochondrial functions and increase in expression of glycolysis enzymes. There was, however, increased expression of genes of plasma proteins. Hepatocyte average volume decreased to 35% of control, with a proportional decrease in the dimensions of the hepatic lobules. Mice died at 15‐18 days after hepatectomy with ascites, increased plasma ammonia, and very small livers.
Conclusion:
MET and EGFR separately control many nonoverlapping signaling endpoints, allowing for compensation when only one of the signals is blocked, though the combined elimination of the signals is not tolerated; the results provide critical new information on interactive MET and EGFR signaling and the contribution of their combined absence to regeneration arrest and liver decompensation. (Hepatology 2016;64:1711‐1724)
Shame, Dissociation, and Complex PTSD Symptoms in Traumatized Psychiatric and Control Groups: Direct and Indirect Associations With Relationship Distress
Authors: Dorahy Martin J. , Corry Mary , Black Rebecca , Matheson Laura , Coles Holly , Curran David , Seager Lenaire , Middleton Warwick , Dyer Kevin F. W.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Elevated shame and dissociation are common in dissociative identity disorder (DID) and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are part of the constellation of symptoms defined as complex PTSD. Previous work examined the relationship between shame, dissociation, and complex PTSD and whether they are associated with intimate relationship anxiety, relationship depression, and fear of relationships. This study investigated these variables in traumatized clinical samples and a nonclinical community group.

Method

Participants were drawn from the DID (n = 20), conflict‐related chronic PTSD (n = 65), and nonclinical (n = 125) populations and completed questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. A model examining the direct impact of shame and dissociation on relationship functioning, and their indirect effect via complex PTSD symptoms, was tested through path analysis.

Results

The DID sample reported significantly higher dissociation, shame, complex PTSD symptom severity, relationship anxiety, relationship depression, and fear of relationships than the other two samples. Support was found for the proposed model, with shame directly affecting relationship anxiety and fear of relationships, and pathological dissociation directly affecting relationship anxiety and relationship depression. The indirect effect of shame and dissociation via complex PTSD symptom severity was evident on all relationship variables.

Conclusion

Shame and pathological dissociation are important for not only the effect they have on the development of other complex PTSD symptoms, but also their direct and indirect effects on distress associated with relationships.
Laccase multigene families in Agaricomycetes
Authors: Moiseenko Konstantin V. , Maloshenok Liliya G. , Vasina Daria V. , Bruskin Sergey A. , Tyazhelova Tatiana V. , Koroleva Olga V.
Published: July 2016

Here we present the results of the exploration of laccase multigene families (MGFs) in basidiomycetous fungi from different taxonomic groups using a next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. In our study, multiple laccase genes were identified in all of the investigated fungi (13 species) from Polyporaceae, Phanerochaetaceae, Meruliaceae, Pleurotaceae, Physalacriaceae, and Peniophoraceae families. It was shown that phylogenetic positioning of the newly identified sequences exhibit patterns of clusterization with respect to enzyme properties. This can be a potentially useful tool for selecting naturally existing laccases with different physicochemical characteristics relevant to different biotechnological applications. Moreover, the method developed in this study can be used in the screening of environmental samples and fast characterization of laccase MGFs in newly identified fungal species.
Recent developments in detection and enumeration of waterborne bacteria: a retrospective minireview
Authors: Deshmukh Rehan A. , Joshi Kopal , Bhand Sunil , Roy Utpal
Published: July 2016

Waterborne diseases have emerged as global health problems and their rapid and sensitive detection in environmental water samples is of great importance. Bacterial identification and enumeration in water samples is significant as it helps to maintain safe drinking water for public consumption. Culture‐based methods are laborious, time‐consuming, and yield false‐positive results, whereas viable but nonculturable (VBNCs) microorganisms cannot be recovered. Hence, numerous methods have been developed for rapid detection and quantification of waterborne pathogenic bacteria in water. These rapid methods can be classified into nucleic acid‐based, immunology‐based, and biosensor‐based detection methods. This review summarizes the principle and current state of rapid methods for the monitoring and detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens. Rapid methods outlined are polymerase chain reaction (PCR), digital droplet PCR, real‐time PCR, multiplex PCR, DNA microarray, Next‐generation sequencing (pyrosequencing, Illumina technology and genomics), and fluorescence in situ hybridization that are categorized as nucleic acid‐based methods. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are classified into immunology‐based methods. Optical, electrochemical, and mass‐based biosensors are grouped into biosensor‐based methods. Overall, these methods are sensitive, specific, time‐effective, and important in prevention and diagnosis of waterborne bacterial diseases.
Rapsyn congenital myasthenic syndrome worsened by fluoxetine
Authors: Visser Amy C. , Laughlin Ruple S. , Litchy William J. , Benarroch Eduardo E. , Milone Margherita
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and long‐lived open channel blocker of the acetylcholine receptor, often used in the treatment of slow‐channel congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS). Methods: We report a 42‐year‐old woman who had a history of episodic limb weakness that worsened after initiation of fluoxetine for treatment of depression. Genetic testing for CMS revealed a homozygous pathogenic mutation in the rapsyn (RAPSN) gene (p.Asn88Lys). Electrodiagnostic testing was performed before and 1 month after discontinuation of fluoxetine. Results: The 2 Hz repetitive nerve stimulation of the fibular and spinal accessory nerves showed a baseline decrement of 36% and 14%, respectively. One month after discontinuing fluoxetine, the spinal accessory nerve decrement was no longer present, and the decrement in the fibular nerve was improved at 17%. Conclusions: This case demonstrates worsening of both clinical and electrophysiologic findings in a patient with CMS secondary to a RAPSN mutation treated with fluoxetine. Muscle Nerve 55: 131–135, 2017
Posture‐induced changes in peripheral nerve stiffness measured by ultrasound shear‐wave elastography
Authors: Greening Jane , Dilley Andrew
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Peripheral nerves slide and stretch during limb movements. Changes in nerve stiffness associated with such movements have not been examined in detail but may be important in understanding movement‐evoked pain in patients with a variety of different musculoskeletal conditions. Methods: Shear‐wave elastography was used to examine stiffness in the median and tibial nerves of healthy individuals during postures used clinically to stretch these nerves. Results: Shear‐wave velocity increased when limbs were moved into postures that are thought to increase nerve stiffness (mean increase: median nerve = 208% in arm, 236% in forearm; tibial nerve = 136%). There was a trend toward a negative correlation between age and shear‐wave velocity (r = 0.58 for tibial nerve). Conclusions: Shear‐wave elastography provides a tool for examining nerve biomechanics in healthy individuals and patients. However, limb position, age, and effects of nerve tension on neural architecture should be taken into consideration. Muscle Nerve 55: 213–222, 2017
Solving nonlocal initial‐boundary value problems for parabolic and hyperbolic integro‐differential equations in reproducing kernel hilbert space
Authors: Fardi Mojtaba , Ghasemi Mehdi
Published: July 2016

This article is concerned with a method for solving nonlocal initial‐boundary value problems for parabolic and hyperbolic integro‐differential equations in reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Convergence of the proposed method is studied under some hypotheses which provide the theoretical basis of the proposed method and some error estimates for the numerical approximation in reproducing kernel Hilbert space are presented. Finally, two numerical examples are considered to illustrate the computation efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. © 2016 The Authors Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 174–198, 2017
A Statistical Model for Managing Water Temperature in Streams with Anthropogenic Influences
Authors: McGrath E. O. , Neumann N. N. , Nichol C. F.
Published: July 2016

Streams in the Pacific Northwest (Oregon, Washington, British Columbia) face rising summer temperatures and increasing anthropogenic influence, with consequences for fish populations. Guidance is needed in small managed watersheds for setting reservoir release rates or for the restriction of water extractions to meet the needs of fish and aquatic ecosystems. Existing environmental flow methods focus on discharge rates and do not typically consider water temperatures, and detailed thermal models are too complex for widespread implementation. We used multiple logistic regression to develop statistical models for estimating the probability of exceeding a salmonid stream temperature threshold of 22 °C as a function of discharge and maximum daily air temperatures. Data required are air temperature, stream temperature and stream discharge over a minimum of one summer. The models are used to make minimum discharge recommendations under varying forecast weather conditions. The method was applied to nine streams in the Pacific Northwest. Minimum recommended discharge generally ranged from 23% to 86% of mean annual discharge and was higher than observed low flows in most streams. Comparison of the new method to existing methods for Fortune Creek in British Columbia indicated that total season discharge volumes could be reduced while meeting thermal requirements. For other streams, it was evident that high water temperatures cannot be managed by increasing discharge, as the discharge required would be greater than natural discharge and higher than achievable by management. The statistical method described in this paper allows for a risk‐based approach to discharge management for fish habitat needs.
Circularly‐Polarized Luminescence (CPL) from Chiral AIE Molecules and Macrostructures
Authors: Roose Jesse , Tang Ben Zhong , Wong Kam Sing
Published: July 2016

Circularly‐polarized luminescence (CPL) has received new attention on the rise of applications to generate devices and biologically active probes. These applications require fluorophores that are not only chiral but also provide strong fluorescence intensity in aggregated state. Thus, a new research branch has opened up a few years ago, which allows CPL‐active fluorophores to be emissive in aggregated‐state. As a result, reports on the combination of the CPL property with the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) phenomenon have emerged. Herein the early design principles that have been reported until now to generate CPL‐active AIE‐active fluorophores (AIEgens) are summarized. In this regard the alignment of monomeric emitters in a chiral fashion, either in supramolecules, polymers or liquid crystals has been proven to be a successful approach. Additionally, first reports have appeared that demonstrate how to tackle the daunting task to furnish individual CPL‐active AIEgens.
Mechanical fault diagnosis of outdoor high‐voltage disconnector
Authors: Qiu Zhibin , Ruan Jiangjun , Huang Daochun
Published: July 2016

A series of experiments are conducted on a 252‐kV pantograph disconnector offline to monitor its mechanical condition. Three parameters, namely the dynamic strain of the post insulator, the rotation angle of the operating shaft, and the stator current of the driving motor, are measured by resistance strain gauges, magnetic‐sensing angle transducer, and Hall current sensor, respectively. Measurement results of the three parameters under mechanical fault conditions including clamping stagnation of the conduct tube knuckle, failure of the balance spring, and uncompleted closing operation are compared with those in normal operating condition of the disconnector. The results indicate that the dynamic strain waveform, the rotation angle curve, and the motor current envelope waveform may get distorted with increased peak value and offset peak time when mechanical faults happen to the transmission or rotating mechanism of the disconnector, and more component of the side frequency will appear in the spectrum of the motor current waveform. The proposed methods are validated to be effective for mechanical fault diagnosis and condition assessment of pantograph disconnector, and are also of reference significance for other types of disconnectors. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identification of Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models of Different Levels of Invariance for Ordered Categorical Outcomes
Authors: Wu Hao , Estabrook Ryne
Published: July 2016

This article considers the identification conditions of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models for ordered categorical outcomes with invariance of different types of parameters across groups. The current practice of invariance testing is to first identify a model with only configural invariance and then test the invariance of parameters based on this identified baseline model. This approach is not optimal because different identification conditions on this baseline model identify the scales of latent continuous responses in different ways. Once an invariance condition is imposed on a parameter, these identification conditions may become restrictions and define statistically non-equivalent models, leading to different conclusions. By analyzing the transformation that leaves the model-implied probabilities of response patterns unchanged, we give identification conditions for models with invariance of different types of parameters without referring to a specific parametrization of the baseline model. Tests based on this approach have the advantage that they do not depend on the specific identification condition chosen for the baseline model.
Bilateral Simultaneous Neck of Femur Fractures Arising from a Simple Mechanical Fall—A Case Report for Guidance on Safe Surgical Management
Authors: Thomas Carter , Jefferies James G.
Published: July 2016

Simultaneous acute femoral neck fractures are rare and infrequently reported in the literature. Of the few published cases, most result from underlying pathological bone processes or violent muscle contractions including epileptic seizures and electrocution. We present the case of a 73-year-old lady with metastatic colon cancer who presented with acute bilateral neck of femur fractures following a simple fall. Following a comprehensive discussion with anaesthetic and surgical staff, and in conjunction with the patient, a decision was made to perform simultaneous bilateral cemented stem hip hemiarthroplasties. There were no perioperative complications, and the patient made a positive recovery, being transferred to a rehabilitation institute 3 days after the surgery. Two weeks later, she was discharged home to her family. We have demonstrated that this rare injury can be safely managed during a single operative session in the presence of an experienced multidisciplinary team, despite serious patient comorbidity.
Increased waist size and weight in relation to consumption ofAreca catechu(betel-nut); a risk factor for increased glycaemia in Asians in East London
Authors: Mannan N. , Boucher B. J. , Evans S. J. W.
Published: July 2016

Type 2 diabetes is commoner in Asians than Caucasians. Many nitrosamines are diabetogenic, causing both type 2 and type 1 diabetes. Of CD1 mice fed with betel-nut or associated nitrosamines 8·5 % develop glucose intolerance with marked obesity. Glycaemia and anthropometric risk markers for type 2 diabetes were therefore examined in relation to betel usage in 993 ‘healthy’ Bangladeshis by one bilingual research-worker (N.M.). Of these, 12 % had known diabetes. A further 145 of 187 subjects ‘at-risk’ of diabetes (spot glucose >6·5 mmol/l <2 h after food, or >4·5 mmol/l >2 h after food) had a second blood glucose sample taken; sixty-one were confirmed as ‘at-risk’, and had an oral glucose tolerance test; nine new diabetics were identified. Multiple regression analysis showed that spot blood glucose values decreased with time after eating (P= 0·0005) and increased independently with waist size (P= 0·0005) and age (P= 0·0005) without relationships to other aspects of the diet, season or smoking. Waist size was strongly related to betel usage independent of other factors such as age. Betel use interacted with sex, relating to increasing glycaemia only in females. Since waist and age were the major markers of increasing glycaemia we suggest that betel chewing, a habit common to about 10 % of the world population (more than 200 million people) may contribute to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Phylogeny of the Cenozoic calcareous nannoplankton genus Helicosphaera
Authors: Aubry Marie-Pierre
Published: July 2016

Because the paleontologic concept of Coccolithophoridae species is restricted and far removed from the biologic concept, which itself is not yet satisfactorily established, calcareous nannofossil taxonomy remains in an unsatisfactory state. This situation is clearly reflected by various authors' widely different interpretations of the phylogenetic relationships among species in a given genus and among genera. Examples taken from the extant genus Helicosphaera suggest that because of parallel evolution, delineation of phylogenetic relationships among coccolith morphospecies using morphologic data alone are hazardous, as is delineation of phylogenetic relationships among closely related genera.
Epidemiologie Studies of an Outbreak of Nosocomial Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfections
Authors: Boyce John M. , Landry Martha , Deetz Thomas R. , DuPont Herbert L.
Published: July 2016

In a six-month period in 1978 61 patients at a university hospital became colonized or infected with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Ninety-three percent of patients with MRSA were on surgical services. Patients with burns acquired MRSA more frequently than did other acutely ill surgical patients (p < .001), and often remained colonized for 30 days or more. The interval between admission and acquisition ofS. aureus, number of antibiotics received, duration of antibiotic therapy before becoming colonized, and cost of hospitalization, were significantly greater in patients with MRSA infection than in matched controls with nosocomial methicillin-sensitiveS. aureusinfections. Acquisition of MRSA was epidemiologically associated with exposure to certain hospital personnel. Fourteen (6%) of 220 personnel exposed to MRSA patients harbored MRSA intranasally. Three of 14 colonized personnel carried MRSA intermittently for three or more months. Appropriate control measures failed to terminate the outbreak.
In Defense of Bad Infinity: A Fichtean Response to Hegel's Differenzschrift
Authors: Martin Wayne M.
Published: July 2016

Hegel's very first acknowledged publication was, among other things, an attack on Fichte. In 1801, Hegel was still laboring in almost complete obscurity, while Fichte was an international sensation, though already somewhat past the peak of his meteoric career. In the 1801 Differenzschrift, Hegel cut his teeth by criticizing Fichte's already widelycriticised Wissenschaftslehre, and by demonstrating that Schelling's philosophical system was not simply to be equated with it. Fichte himself never bothered to respond to Hegel's criticisms; indeed he never publicly acknowledged their existence. This was not because he was unconcerned with criticisms of his views; quite the contrary. But at the time he had bigger fish to fry. He responded to Jacobi's criticisms, and to Schelling's; he replied in great detail to critical questions raised by Reinhold, and with vituperative intensity to objections raised by skeptics and purportedly loyal Kantians. But Hegel's Differenzschrift was left without a Fichtean rebuttal. This is a pity, both because of the missed opportunity to illuminate by controversy central issues at stake in the post-Kantian period, but also because it made it easier for Hegel simply to reiterate his youthful criticism as if it were the last word. And reiterate it he did: in one form or another Hegel's early criticisms of Fichte reappear at every subsequent stage of his career: in the Phenomenology, in the Science of Logic, in the Encyclopaedia, as the final chapter in Hegel's History of Philosophy, and in countless other minor works and documents from the Nachlass and correspondence.
Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended-Release in the Treatment of Adult ADHD:A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Weisler Richard H. , Biederman Joseph , Spencer Thomas J. , Wilens Timothy E. , Faraone Stephen V. , Chrisman Allan K. , Read Stephanie C. , Tulloch Simon J.
Published: July 2016

Introduction:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a serious neurobehavioral disorder of childhood onset that often persists into adolescence and adulthood. Functional impairments, underachievement, and difficult interpersonal relationships illustrate the need for effective treatment of ADHD through adulthood.

Method:This prospective, multisite, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-escalation study was conducted to assess the efficacy, safety, and duration of action of mixed amphetamine salts extended-release (MAS XR) in adults with ADHD, combined type. Adults ≥ 18 years of age were given placebo or MAS XR 20, 40, or 60 mg/day for 4 weeks. The main outcome measures were the ADHD Rating Scale and Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale Short Version Self-Report (CAARS-S-S).

Results:Two hundred fifty-five subjects were randomly assigned to treatment with MAS XR or placebo. MAS XR treatment was associated with statistically and clinically significant ADHD symptom reduction at endpoint; mean ADHD Rating Scale scores were 18.5 for the 20-mg group (P=.001), 18.4 for the 40-mg group (P<.001), and 18.5 for the 60-mg group (P<.001). Adults with severe symptoms (ADHD Rating Scale score ≥32 at baseline) had significantly greater symptom reduction with the highest MAS XR dose (60 mg/day), however, this dose-response relationship was determined by post-hoc analysis. The mean MAS XR effect size was 0.8. Statistically significant (P<.05) improvements in CAARS-S-S ADHD index scores occurred at 4- and 12-hours postdose for all MAS XR groups, indicating a 12-hour duration of effect. Symptoms improved within the first treatment week. Most adverse events reported were mild or moderate in intensity, arid the most commonly reported adverse events were consistent with the known profile of stimulant medications. Vital signs and electrocardiograms showed no clinically significant cardiovascular changes.

Conclusion:These results suggest that MAS XR is safe and effective in adults with ADHD and controlled ADHD symptoms for up to 12 hours.
Psychiatric Comorbidity of Internet Addiction in College Students: An Interview Study
Authors: Ko Chih-Hung , Yen Ju-Yu , Chen Cheng-Sheng , Chen Cheng-Chung , Yen Cheng-Fang
Published: July 2016

Objective:

This study was aimed to evaluate the association between Internet addiction and depressive disorder, social phobia and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a sample of Taiwanese college students; and examine gender differences in the psychiatric comorbidity of Internet addiction in this student population.

Methods:

Two hundred sixteen college students (132 males, 84 females) were recruited. Internet addiction, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, social phobia, and adult ADHD of all participants were diagnosed based on psychiatric diagnostic interview.

Results:

This study revealed that adult ADHD and depressive disorders were associated with Internet addiction among college students. However, depressive disorders were associated with Internet addiction in the males but not the females.

Conclusion:

With these results, it seems reasonable to suggest that effective evaluation of, and treatment for, adult ADHD and depressive disorders is required for college students with Internet addiction.