bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Layered subsurface in Utopia Basin of Mars revealed by Zhurong rover radar
Authors: Li Chao , Zheng Yikang , Wang Xin , Zhang Jinhai , Wang Yibo , Chen Ling , Zhang Lei , Zhao Pan , Liu Yike , Lv Wenmin , Liu Yang , Zhao Xu , Hao Jinlai , Sun Weijia , Liu Xiaofeng , Jia Bojun , Li Juan , Lan Haiqiang , Fa Wenzhe , Pan Yongxin , Wu Fuyuan
Published: September 2022

Exploring the subsurface structure and stratification of Mars advances our understanding of Martian geology, hydrological evolution and palaeoclimatic changes, and has been a main task for past and continuing Mars exploration missions1–10. Utopia Planitia, the smooth plains of volcanic and sedimentary strata that infilled the Utopia impact crater, has been a prime target for such exploration as it is inferred to have hosted an ancient ocean on Mars11–13. However, 45 years have passed since Viking-2 provided ground-based detection results. Here we report an in situ ground-penetrating radar survey of Martian subsurface structure in a southern marginal area of Utopia Planitia conducted by the Zhurong rover of the Tianwen-1 mission. A detailed subsurface image profile is constructed along the roughly 1,171 m traverse of the rover, showing an approximately 70-m-thick, multi-layered structure below a less than 10-m-thick regolith. Although alternative models deserve further scrutiny, the new radar image suggests the occurrence of episodic hydraulic flooding sedimentation that is interpreted to represent the basin infilling of Utopia Planitia during the Late Hesperian to Amazonian. While no direct evidence for the existence of liquid water was found within the radar detection depth range, we cannot rule out the presence of saline ice in the subsurface of the landing area.
Estimating long-term spatial distribution of Plodia interpunctella in various food facilities at Rajshahi Municipality, Bangladesh, through pheromone-baited traps
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahbub , Athanassiou Christos G. , Hossain Md. Akhtar
Published: September 2022

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), feeds on a wide range of commodities in most regions of the world. The present study presents six years of monitoring data for P. interpunctella in pheromone-baited traps by analyzing the trends of spatial variability, in five food facilities located in the Rajshahi municipality area of Bangladesh. We also tracked insect incidence at different spatial scales and evaluated the impact of food facility types and storage structures on insect populations. Our model showed an aggregated distribution pattern for P. interpunctella. Population patterns of P. interpunctella varied significantly among facilities. The highest number of moths captured was recorded in a grain retailer located at Municipal market, followed by a grain warehouse at Harian, pulse mill at Kazla, flour mill at Sapura and grocery shop at Katakhali. The population fluctuation of P. interpunctella moths was similar among the different locations tested, while there were no captures during the winter period. Our results indicate that long-term monitoring in a wide range of areas can be used to indicate population outbursts, under an area-wide management strategy.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in children with post-concussion syndrome improves cognitive and behavioral function: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hadanny Amir , Catalogna Merav , Yaniv Slava , Stolar Orit , Rothstein Lynn , Shabi Adi , Suzin Gil , Sasson Efrat , Lang Erez , Finci Shachar , Polak Nir , Fishlev Gregory , Harpaz Ruth Tock , Adler Moran , Goldman Ron-El , Zemel Yonatan , Bechor Yair , Efrati Shai
Published: September 2022

Persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) is a common and significant morbidity among children following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the evidence for effective PPCS treatments remains limited. Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in PPCS adult patients. This randomized, sham-control, double blind trial evaluated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on children (age 8–15) suffering from PPCS from mild-moderate TBI events six months to 10 years prior. Twenty-five children were randomized to receive 60 daily sessions of HBOT (n = 15) or sham (n = 10) treatments. Following HBOT, there was a significant increase in cognitive function including the general cognitive score (d = 0.598, p = 0.01), memory (d = 0.480, p = 0.02), executive function (d = 0.739, p = 0.003), PPCS symptoms including emotional score (p = 0.04, d = – 0.676), behavioral symptoms including hyperactivity (d = 0.244, p = 0.03), global executive composite score (d = 0.528, p = 0.001), planning/organizing score (d = 1.09, p = 0.007). Clinical outcomes correlated with significant improvements in brain MRI microstructural changes in the insula, supramarginal, lingual, inferior frontal and fusiform gyri. The study suggests that HBOT improves both cognitive and behavioral function, PPCS symptoms, and quality of life in pediatric PPCS patients at the chronic stage, even years after injury. Additional data is needed to optimize the protocol and to characterize the children who can benefit the most.
MHD mixed convective stagnation point flow of nanofluid past a permeable stretching sheet with nanoparticles aggregation and thermal stratification
Authors: Mahmood Zafar , Alhazmi Sharifah E. , Alhowaity Awatif , Marzouki Riadh , Al-Ansari Nadir , Khan Umar
Published: September 2022

Using a thermally stratified water-based nanofluid and a permeable stretching sheet as a simulation environment, this research examines the impact of nanoparticle aggregation on MHD mixed convective stagnation point flow. Nanoparticle aggregation is studied using two modified models: the Krieger–Dougherty and the Maxwell–Bruggeman. The present problem's governing equations were transformed into a solvable mathematical model utilizing legitimate similarity transformations, and numerical solutions were then achieved using shooting with Runge–Kutta Fehlberg (RKF) technique in Mathematica. Equilibrium point flow toward permeable stretching surface is important for the extrusion process because it produces required heat and mass transfer patterns and identifies and clarifies fragmented flow phenomena using diagrams. Nanoparticle volume fraction was shown to have an impact on the solutions' existence range, as well. Alumina and copper nanofluids have better heat transfer properties than regular fluids. The skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number, velocity, temperature profiles for many values of the different parameters were obtained. In addition, the solutions were shown in graphs and tables, and they were explained in detail. A comparison of the current study's results with previous results for a specific instance is undertaken to verify the findings, and excellent agreement between them is observed.
Incidence and mortality rates of strokes in Kazakhstan in 2014–2019
Authors: Zhakhina Gulnur , Zhalmagambetov Bakhytbek , Gusmanov Arnur , Sakko Yesbolat , Yerdessov Sauran , Matmusaeva Elzar , Imanova Aliya , Crape Byron , Sarria-Santamera Antonio , Gaipov Abduzhappar
Published: September 2022

There is a lack of information on the epidemiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in developing countries. This research presents incidence and mortality rates of stroke patients based on hospital admission and discharge status in one of the Central Asian countries by analysis of large-scale healthcare data. The registry data of 177,947 patients admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of stroke between 2014 and 2019 were extracted from the National Electronic Health System of Kazakhstan. We provide descriptive statistics and analyze the association of socio-demographic and medical characteristics such as comorbidities and surgical treatments. Among all stroke patients, the incidence rate based on hospital admission of AIS was significantly higher compared to SAH and ICH patients. In 5 year follow-up period, AIS patients had a better outcome than SAH and ICH patients (64.7, 63.1 and 57.3% respectively). The hazard ratio (HR) after the trepanation and decompression surgery was 2.3 and 1.48 for AIS and SAH patients; however, it was protective for ICH (HR = 0.87). The investigation evaluated an increase in the all-cause mortality rates based on the discharge status of stroke patients, while the incidence rate decreased over time.
Combined toxicities of cadmium and five agrochemicals to the larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Hu Guixian , Wang Hao , Wan Yujie , Zhou Liangliang , Wang Qiang , Wang Minghua
Published: September 2022

Different pollutants usually co-exist in the natural environment, and the ecological and health risk assessment of agrochemicals needs to be carried out based on the combined toxicological effects of pollutants. To examine the combined toxicity to aquatic organisms, the effects of cadmium (Cd) and five pesticides (acetamiprid, carbendazim, azoxystrobin, chlorpyrifos, and bifenthrin) mixture on zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were assessed. The data from the 96-h toxicity test indicated that bifenthrin possessed the highest toxicity to D. rerio with the LC50 value of 0.15 mg L−1, followed by chlorpyrifos (0.36 mg L−1) and azoxystrobin (0.63 mg L−1). Cd (6.84 mg L−1) and carbendazim (8.53 mg L−1) induced the intermediate toxic responses, while acetamiprid (58.39 mg L−1) presented the lowest toxicity to the organisms. Pesticide mixtures containing chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin or acetamiprid and carbendazim showed synergistic impacts on the zebrafish. Besides, two binary combinations of Cd-acetamiprid and Cd-chlorpyrifos also displayed a synergistic effect on D. rerio. Our results offered a better idea of the mixed ecological risk assessment of Cd and different agricultural chemicals to aquatic organisms. Our findings better interpreted how the interaction between Cd and various agrochemicals changed their toxicity to aquatic vertebrates and provided valuable insights into critical impacts on the ecological hazard of their combinations.
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and photocatalytic degradation by TiO2 photocatalyst coatings
Authors: Lu Yun , Guan Sujun , Hao Liang , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Nakada Shohei , Takisawa Taisei , Itoi Takaomi
Published: September 2022

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causative agent of the COVID-19, which is a global pandemic, has infected more than 552 million people, and killed more than 6.3 million people. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through airborne route in addition to direct contact and droplet modes, the development of disinfectants that can be applied in working spaces without evacuating people is urgently needed. TiO2 is well known with some features of the purification, antibacterial/sterilization, making it could be developed disinfectants that can be applied in working spaces without evacuating people. Facing the severe epidemic, we expect to fully expand the application of our proposed effective approach of mechanical coating technique (MCT), which can be prepared on a large-scale fabrication of an easy-to-use TiO2/Ti photocatalyst coating, with hope to curb the epidemic. The photocatalytic inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, and the photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde (C2H4O) and formaldehyde (CH2O) has been investigated. XRD and SEM results show that anatase TiO2 successfully coats on the surface of Ti coatings, while the crystal structure of anatase TiO2 can be increased during the following oxidation in air. The catalytic activity towards methylene blue of TiO2/Ti coating balls has been significantly enhanced by the followed oxidation in air, showing a very satisfying photocatalytic degradation of C2H4O and CH2O. Notably, the TiO2/Ti photocatalyst coating balls demonstrate a significant antiviral activity, with a decrease rate of virus reached 99.96% for influenza virus and 99.99% for SARS-CoV-2.
Integrated acoustic resonators in commercial fin field-effect transistor technology
Authors: Anderson Jackson , He Yanbo , Bahr Bichoy , Weinstein Dana
Published: September 2022

In radio communication, the growth of beamforming and multiple-input–multiple-output technologies, which increase transceiver complexity, have led to a drive to reduce the size, weight and power of radio components by integrating them into a single system on chip. One approach is to integrate the frequency references of acoustic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor processes, typically through a MEMS-first or MEMS-last approach that requires process customization. Here we report unreleased acoustic resonators that are fabricated in 14 nm fin field-effect transistor technology and operate in the X-band frequency range (8–12 GHz). The devices use phononic waveguides for acoustic confinement and exploit metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors and transistors to electromechanically drive and sense acoustic vibrations. Fifteen device variations are analysed across 30 bias points, quantifying the importance of phononic confinement on resonator performance and demonstrating the velocity-saturated piezoresistive effect in active resonant transistors. Our results illustrate the feasibility of integrating acoustic devices directly into standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor processes.
Transcriptomic plasticity of the hypothalamic osmoregulatory control centre of the Arabian dromedary camel
Authors: Lin Panjiao , Gillard Benjamin T. , Pauža Audrys G. , Iraizoz Fernando A. , Ali Mahmoud A. , Mecawi Andre S. , Alim Fatma Z. Djazouli , Romanova Elena V. , Burger Pamela A. , Greenwood Michael P. , Adem Abdu , Murphy David
Published: September 2022

Water conservation is vital for life in the desert. The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) produces low volumes of highly concentrated urine, more so when water is scarce, to conserve body water. Two hormones, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin, both produced in the supraoptic nucleus, the core hypothalamic osmoregulatory control centre, are vital for this adaptive process, but the mechanisms that enable the camel supraoptic nucleus to cope with osmotic stress are not known. To investigate the central control of water homeostasis in the camel, we first build three dimensional models of the camel supraoptic nucleus based on the expression of the vasopressin and oxytocin mRNAs in order to facilitate sampling. We then compare the transcriptomes of the supraoptic nucleus under control and water deprived conditions and identified genes that change in expression due to hyperosmotic stress. By comparing camel and rat datasets, we have identified common elements of the water deprivation transcriptomic response network, as well as elements, such as extracellular matrix remodelling and upregulation of angiotensinogen expression, that appear to be unique to the dromedary camel and that may be essential adaptations necessary for life in the desert.
Pattern recognition analysis of marine oil spills in airborne passive infrared multispectral remote sensing images
Authors: Chen Zizi , Small Gary W.
Published: September 2022

Neural networks are developed for the automated detection of oil on water from passive multispectral infrared images. Twin networks operate for conditions of both positive and negative thermal contrast, and across changing environmental conditions.
In situ-prepared poly(ether-ester)-based gel polymer electrolytes for high-performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhang Yin , Liang Weiguo , Xu Hongli , Dong Zhixian , Xu Jinbao , Lei Caihong
Published: September 2022

Batteries based on anin situ-polymerized amorphous cross-linked poly(ether-ester) GPE exhibit high performance, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of the ether and ester segments of the GPE and thein situ-generated polymer electrolytes.
Optical sensing of aqueous nitrate anion by a platinum(ii) triimine salt based solid state material
Authors: Norton Amie E. , Karimi Abdolmaleki Mahmood , Andriot Logan , Cashen Christina , Krause Jeanette A. , Connick William B. , Chatterjee Sayandev
Published: September 2022

Selective and quantitative measurement of aqueous nitrate (NO3−) anion is achieved using solid [Pt(Cl-4-tpy)Cl]ClO4 salt (Cl-4-tpy = 4-chloro-2,2′:6′2′′-terpyridine), and as the salt supported on controlled porous glass.
High ionic conductivity and ion conduction mechanism in ZIF-8 based quasi-solid-state electrolytes: a positron annihilation and broadband dielectric spectroscopy study
Authors: Utpalla P. , Mor J. , Pujari P. K. , Sharma S. K.
Published: September 2022

Li ion conduction through poly(ethylene oxide) and interconnected ZIF-8 pore network in QSSEs.
Experimental study and quantum chemical calculation of free radical reactions in ciprofloxacin degradation during the UV/chlorine oxidation process
Authors: Li Ziru , Yuan Xia , Tang Huili , Jiang Xu , Wu Chunge , Zheng Lu , Du Erdeng , Peng Mingguo
Published: September 2022

The UV/chlorine process was utilized to degrade a common quinolone, ciprofloxacin, in water.
Novel pyroptosis-associated genes signature for predicting the prognosis of sarcoma and validation
Authors: Wen Hao , Guo Dandan , Zhao Zhenguo , Xin Xin , Shi Qi , Cao Jiachen , Song Lingxie , Jiang Yuliang , Liu Chunxia , Li Feng
Published: September 2022

Background: Sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal malignant tumor. Recently, pyroptosis has been reported to be a mode of programmed cell death. Nonetheless, levels of pyroptosis-associated genes in sarcoma and its relevance to prognostic outcomes are yet to be elucidated. Results: Sarcoma cases were classified into two subtypes with regards to differentially expressed genes. We established a profile composed of seven genes and classified the sarcoma patients into low- and high-risk groups through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. Survival rate of low-risk sarcoma patients was markedly higher, relative to high-risk group (P<0.001). In combination with clinical features, the risk score was established to be an independent predictive factor for OS of sarcoma patients. Chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity response analysis found 65 drugs with higher drug sensitivity in low-risk, than in high-risk group and 14 drugs with higher drug sensitivity in the high-risk patient group, compared with low-risk patient group. In addition, functional enrichment, pathway and gene mutation of the two modules were analyzed. Finally, we used qRT-PCR to detect the expression of seven pyroptosis-related genes in tumor cells, and human skeletal muscle cells, compared with human skeletal muscle cells, PODXL2, LRRC17, GABRA3, SCUBE3 and RFLNB genes show high expression levels in tumor cells, while IGHG2 and hepatic leukemia factor show low expression levels in tumor cells. Conclusions: Our research suggest that pyroptosis is closely associated with sarcoma, and these findings confirm that pyroptosis-associated seven genes have a critical role in sarcoma and are potential prognostic factors for sarcoma.
Performance analysis of energy efficient improved LEACH protocol in IoT networks
Authors: Bhatia Surbhi , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Adarsh , Alshuhail Asma Shuhail
Published: September 2022

The Internet of Things incorporates embedded technologies, wireless sensor networks, control and automation technologies, and wearable devices to enable integrated buildings, enterprises, intelligent homes, and wearable devices. Because sensor nodes have limited power, the energy consumption of the Internet of Things network is critical. Low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy is a green protocol that divides the network into clusters of a fixed size. Cluster heads are assigned to each cluster so that information can be relayed to the base station. This protocol is a dynamic clustering protocol that changes cluster heads after each round within the community. The cluster heads are chosen in the network entirely based on the energy of each node and the distance between the sensor node and the base station. When sensor nodes aggregate data to the cluster head, energy is also consumed. The work proposed in this paper reduces wireless sensor network energy consumption by improving proposed protocol. The cache nodes combine data from the cluster heads node and send the extra data to the base station. The results show that the proposed work reduces the number of dead nodes in the network by 83 percent and increases the node energy level by 1.66 times.
An application of four‐wire grid‐forming power inverter in unbalanced distribution network
Authors: Döhler Jéssica S. , Mota Raul P. , Archetti João Antônio G. , Júnior Dalmo C. Silva , Boström Cecilia , Oliveira Janaína G.
Published: September 2022

The modelling of a three‐phase four‐leg four‐wire grid‐forming inverter in a low voltage distribution system 18‐bus European Cigré under unbalanced conditions in an autonomous distribution network is presented. The case study has two types of inverters control strategy: (i) grid‐forming to supply all the system demand in the interval of the intentional supply interruption and (ii) grid‐following to integrate photovoltaic renewable energy resources into power systems. The model suggests a control scheme with two loops: An inner current loop with a proportional‐integral controller and an outer voltage loop with a proportional controller, both in the synchronous reference frame (dq0), in which dq‐axis are decomposed in positive and negative sequences. Simulation results, carried out using the PSCAD software, showed the effectiveness of the suggested control strategy with smooth synchronization where the grid‐forming inverter was able to form a network with an unbalanced degree lower than 2%, sinusoidal voltage and frequency within standard limits 49.5–50.5 Hz.
Online correction method of IGBT lifetime evaluation based on bonding wire failure monitoring
Authors: Lei Qi , Luchun Du , Xiangyu Zhang , Wuyu Zhang , Hong Shen
Published: September 2022

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules are widely used as power switching devices. In actual working conditions, the failure of bonding wires is one of the most important failure modes. At present, the influence of bonding wire failure is not considered in the reliability evaluation of the device, resulting in a large error in the life prediction result. Therefore, this paper proposes a life evaluation method for IGBT modules that takes into account the failure of the bonding wire. The transient thermal impedance of 1200 V/50 A IGBT module under the failure conditions of different numbers of bonding wires is calculated by constructing a finite element simulation model of device electro‐thermal coupling. Both simulation and experimental results show that with the increase of the number of bonding wire failures, the transient thermal impedance curve of the device rises and the steady‐state thermal impedance increases. The Foster thermal network models of the devices are updated, and the number of power cycles of the device with bonding wire failure under DC and sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) conditions is calculated. When the number of bonding wire failures and fatigue accumulation have a linear relationship, the life will be reduced by 48.29% compared to the healthy state.
High order sliding mode based drift algorithm for a commercial PEM fuel cell system
Authors: Derbeli Mohamed , Saadi Wided , Napole Cristian , Barambones Oscar
Published: September 2022

Conventional sliding mode controls (SMC) have always shown high robustness when applied to non‐linear systems. However, their applications are still limited due to their high‐frequency switching which could be a harmful phenomenon for different systems. As a solution, this paper proposes a high order SMC based drift algorithm. First, the algorithm is designed theoretically for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, where the stability study is proved with Lyapunov theory. Then, it was implemented in a commercial Heliocentris FC50 fuel cell system together with a power converter, a BK Precision 8500 programmable load, and a MicroLabBox dSpace DS1202. Comparative outcomes with the conventional SMC have shown the pros and cons of each scheme in terms of steady‐state oscillations, convergence speed, and robustness.
The origin and properties of red spirals: Insights from cosmological simulations
Authors: Łokas Ewa L.
Published: September 2022

A significant fraction of spiral galaxies are red, gas-poor, and have low star formation rates (SFRs). We study these unusual objects using the IllustrisTNG100 simulation. Among 1912 well-resolved disk galaxies selected from the last simulation output, we identify 377 red objects and describe their properties and origins using a few representative examples. The simulated red spirals turn out to be typically very gas-poor, have very low SFRs, are more metal-rich, and have larger stellar masses than the remaining disks. Only about 13% of red spirals suffered strong mass loss and thus could have resulted from environmental quenching by ram pressure and tidal stripping of the gas, or similar processes. The majority of red disks were probably quenched by feedback from the active galactic nucleus (AGN). This conclusion is supported by the higher black hole masses and lower accretion rates of red disks, as well as the larger total AGN feedback energies injected into the surrounding gas in the kinetic feedback mode implemented in the IllustrisTNG simulations. The timescales of the gas loss correlate with the black hole growth for the AGN-quenched galaxies and with the dark-matter loss for the environmentally quenched ones. The red spirals are more likely to possess bars, and their bars are stronger than in the remaining disks, which is probably the effect of gas loss rather than the reason for quenching.
The scintillating tail of comet C/2020 F3 (Neowise)
Authors: Fallows R. A. , Forte B. , Mevius M. , Brentjens M. A. , Bassa C. G. , Bisi M. M. , Offringa A. , Shaifullah G. , Tiburzi C. , Vedantham H. , Zucca P.
Published: September 2022

Context. The occultation of a radio source by the plasma tail of a comet can be used to probe structure and dynamics in the tail. Such occultations are rare, and the occurrence of scintillation, due to small-scale density variations in the tail, remains somewhat controversial.

Aims. A detailed observation taken with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) of a serendipitous occultation of the compact radio source 3C196 by the plasma tail of comet C/2020 F3 (Neowise) is presented. 3C196 tracked almost perpendicularly behind the tail, providing a unique profile cut only a short distance downstream from the cometary nucleus itself.

Methods. Interplanetary scintillation (IPS) is observed as the rapid variation of the intensity received of a compact radio source due to density variations in the solar wind. IPS in the signal received from 3C196 was observed for five hours, covering the full transit behind the plasma tail of comet C/2020 F3 (Neowise) on 16 July 2020, and allowing an assessment of the solar wind in which the comet and its tail are embedded.

Results. The results reveal a sudden and strong enhancement in scintillation which is unequivocally attributable to the plasma tail. The strongest scintillation is associated with the tail boundaries, weaker scintillation is seen within the tail, and previously-unreported periodic variations in scintillation are noted, possibly associated with individual filaments of plasma. Furthermore, contributions from the solar wind and comet tail are separated to measure a sharp decrease in the velocity of material within the tail, suggesting a steep velocity shear resulting in strong turbulence along the tail boundary.
Simplified method for evaluation of liquefaction based on pressuremeter tests (PMT)
Authors: Reiffsteck Philippe , Benoît Jean , Dang Quan Huy , Karagiannopoulos Panagiotis Georgios
Published: September 2022

Liquefaction is of major concern in many countries subjected to seismic hazard. In practice, prediction of liquefaction is performed using simplified methods based on in situ tests such as the standard penetration test (SPT) or the cone penetration test (CPT). For some applications such as large projects (tunnels, high rise buildings), the Ménard pressuremeter is preferred as it provides a well-established method for foundation design. However, no simplified method to evaluate liquefaction potential has been fully developed for the pressuremeter. Based on pressuremeter calibration chamber and field tests on sands, a chart is proposed for estimating the liquefaction susceptibility of saturated sands. In addition, a method to correct the measured limit pressure from pressuremeter tests is also proposed for tests in sands with fines content. The method was evaluated using extensive data obtained from tests performed in a calibration chamber using clean sand and sand with fines content against 45 pressuremeter tests performed in situ in various soil conditions. Based on these tests, a relationship was obtained between the field data and the chart developed from the calibration chamber tests. The paper also provides suggestions to correct the limit pressure to account for the fines content.
Surgical videos on the internet: Is this a reliable pedagogical tool in residency training?
Authors: Ghersi Abdelhamid , Mansour Jad , Marchand Philippe , Al Rubaie Abdallah , Kouyoumdjian Pascal , Coulomb Remy
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Several open access platforms are currently available to help facilitate this online learning; however, whether the platforms are generalized or specialized, peers do not evaluate videos, and they may teach unverified techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of each website’s content using a specific measurement, analyzing the pedagogical quality of Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) arthroscopic videos on YouTube versus VuMedi. Methods: A prospective study analyzing 20 arthroscopy videos of arthroscopic FAI surgery on two hosting platforms online: 10 on the generalist platform YouTube and 10 on a specialized platform VuMedi. Results: The average length of the YouTube videos was 503 ± 355.02 s (198–1430). The average number of views for the YouTube videos was 56,114.6 ± 116,832.61 (1149–383,694). The average length of the VuMedi videos was 797.5 ± 522.5 s (185–1927). The average number of views for the VuMedi video was 10,404.7 ± 10,071.2 (1625–37,115) The average LAP-VEGaS scores of the YouTube and VuMedi videos were 8.2 ± 3.47 (3–15) and 11.95 ± 2.64 (6–15), respectively (p < 0.0005). Discussion: The use of a specialized website makes it possible to obtain educational videos of better quality. Health professionals need to be aware of this when using it as a resource for learning. Therefore, it should be in the interest of educational institutions to participate in the sharing of videos on this platform or to create their own platform to improve the quality of the information provided and the overall pedagogical experience.

Level of evidence: II
Some Properties of a Class of Addition Cayley Signed Graph
Authors: YUAN Yuqing , WANG Weizhong
Published: September 2022

Let [see formula in PDF] be a simple graph having vertex set [see formula in PDF]and edge set [see formula in PDF], where all [see formula in PDF] are distinct prime factors and [see formula in PDF] is the set of all units of the ring [see formula in PDF]be a signed graph whose underlying graph is [see formula in PDF] and signature function is [see formula in PDF] defined as [see formula in PDF]In this paper, we characterize the balance of [see formula in PDF] and some graphs derived from it such as [see formula in PDF], [see formula in PDF] and [see formula in PDF]. Moreover, we investigate the clusterability and sign-compativility of [see formula in PDF].
Discrete Morse Theory on Join of Digraphs
Authors: WANG Chong , ZHAO Suqian , CUI Shuwen
Published: September 2022

For given two digraphs, we can construct a larger digraph through join. The two digraphs that make up the join are called the factors of the join. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition that the function on the join determined by the discrete Morse functions on factors is a discrete Morse function. Moreover, we further prove the discrete Morse theory on join when the factors satisfy certain conditions.
Palladium-Catalysed Reductive Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides and Iodides with Nitroarenes
Authors: Moshapo Paseka T. , Mkhonazi Blessing D. , Mabila Euphrent M.
Published: September 2022

Amide functional groups are a structural feature in a vast array of beneficial organic molecules. This has resulted in a surge in new methodologies developed to enable access to this functional group using a broad range of coupling partners. Herein, we report a palladium-catalysed reductive aminocarbonylation of aryl bromides and iodides with nitroarenes to afford the respective amide products. The developed protocol employs Mo(CO)6 as a carbonyl source and a combination of Zn and TMSCl as co-reducing agents. For most substrates, the anticipated amide products were obtained in modest to high amide product yields.
Effect of Extrinsic Pigmentation on Dimensional Stability, Hardness, Detail Reproduction, and Color of a Silicone
Authors: Goiato Júlio César Vieira , Lopes Victória Tiyemi , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , de Magalhães Bertoz André Pinheiro , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Bento Victor Augusto Alves , Goiato Marcelo Coelho
Published: September 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of extrinsic pigmentation on the dimensional stability, hardness, detail reproduction, and color of a silicone after thermocycling.

Materials and Methods Sixty samples of MDX4–4210 silicone (Dow Corning Corporation Medical Products) with intrinsic pink pigment (H-109-P, Factor II) and intrinsic opacifier (TiO) were fabricated. Two groups were created: Group 1—only intrinsic pigmentation (H-109P, Factor II + TiO) (Control); and Group 2—intrinsic (H-109P, Factor II + TiO) and extrinsic (Tan FE - 215, Factor II) pigmentation. The following tests were performed for each group: dimensional stability, Shore A hardness, detail reproduction, and color. Readings for the tests were taken before and after thermocycling (2,000 cycles). For dimensional stability and hardness, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. One-way ANOVA was used for the color test. In case of significant statistical difference, the Tukey test was applied (p <0.05). All samples achieved the same detail reproduction score, therefore, no statistical evaluation was performed.

Results For the dimensional stability test, comparing the initial time with the final time, there was a significant contraction in both groups after thermocycling. For the hardness test, comparing the time points, only group 1 showed a significant reduction in hardness after thermocycling. Groups 1 and 2 scored 2 for the detail reproduction test, before and after thermocycling. Comparing group 1 with group 2, there was no significant difference for color change.

Conclusion Based on the tests performed, extrinsic pigmentation did not show a negative effect on silicone, and therefore it can be indicated. The results of the dimensional, hardness, detail reproduction and color evaluations of the MDX4–4210 silicone were clinically acceptable in all cases in the groups with and without extrinsic pigmentation.
On the mechanism of density peak at low magnetic field in argon helicon plasmas
Authors: Zhu Wanying , Cui Ruilin , He Feng , Zhang Tianliang , Ouyang Jiting
Published: September 2022

Helicon plasma density may show a non-monotonic dependence on the magnetic field at low strength, so-called “low-field peak (LFP).” We presented the multiple LFPs and the formation mechanism in argon helicon plasmas in this paper. Propagating conditions of helicon (H) and Trivelpiece–Gould (TG) waves in collisional plasmas were calculated based on the dispersion relation. It is demonstrated that there are two mechanisms during mode transition responsible for LFP, i.e., resonance of H- and TG-waves and anti-resonance of TG-wave. Especially, H-TG resonance of the highest axial mode in the helicon plasma results in a density jump rather than a density peak due to the mode transition from non-wave to co-H/TG-wave mode. Higher plasma density in lower magnetic fields is helpful for achievement of multiple LFPs in argon helicon plasmas.
In-fiber Michelson interferometric sensor fabricated by single CO2 laser pulse
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Chunzheng , Guo Yanyu , Li Yuhao , Wang Quansen , Wang Doudou , Li Yongmin
Published: September 2022

An in-fiber Michelson interferometric sensor was presented by fabricating a concavity on the end face of a single mode fiber using a single CO2 laser pulse. Reflected beams from the bottom and air–cladding boundary of the concavity are coupled into the fiber core and superimpose to generate a two-beam in-fiber Michelson interferometer. Compared with other laser-machining methods where multiple scanning cycles with precise manipulation are needed, the proposed method is more straightforward because only a single laser pulse is used to construct the sensor. The concavity constructed by the CO2 laser is very smooth, and its shape could be controlled flexibly by changing the position of the single mode fiber and the parameters of the CO2 laser pulse, so the fringe visibilities of the proposed sensors could be more than 15 dB, which is higher than that of the most reported laser-machining in-fiber Michelson interferometers. The proposed sensor was demonstrated by measuring the temperature with a sensitivity of 11.13 pm/°C. Furthermore, the proposed device is compact (<100 µm), economical, and robust. These advantages make it a promising candidate in practical applications.
Learning spatiotemporal chaos using next-generation reservoir computing
Authors: Barbosa Wendson A. S. , Gauthier Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

Forecasting the behavior of high-dimensional dynamical systems using machine learning requires efficient methods to learn the underlying physical model. We demonstrate spatiotemporal chaos prediction using a machine learning architecture that, when combined with a next-generation reservoir computer, displays state-of-the-art performance with a computational time 103–104 times faster for training process and training data set ∼102 times smaller than other machine learning algorithms. We also take advantage of the translational symmetry of the model to further reduce the computational cost and training data, each by a factor of ∼10.
Immune checkpoint blockade enhances chemophototherapy in a syngeneic pancreatic tumor model
Authors: Ghosh Sanjana , He Xuedan , Huang Wei-Chiao , Lovell Jonathan F.
Published: September 2022

Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) suffers from poor treatment options for locally advanced cases. Chemophototherapy (CPT) is an emerging anti-tumor modality, and porphyrin–phospholipid liposomes have been shown to be versatile drug carriers for CPT in preclinical rodent models. Here we show that in the syngeneic subcutaneous KPC PaCa tumor model, exhausted CD8+ T cells are localized in the tumor, and that CPT is enhanced in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Addition of ICB using anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies resulted in ablation of medium-sized, established KPC tumors (∼200 mm3) without recurrence for over 100 days. Mice rejected subsequent tumor re-challenge. Flow cytometry and tumor slice analysis following injection of a fluorescently labeled anti-PD-1 antibody showed that CPT improved antibody delivery to the tumor microenvironment. Treatment of large established tumors (∼400 mm3) using with CPT and ICB induced appreciable tumor regression and delay in regrowth. Taken together, these data demonstrate the utility of combining CPT with immunotherapies.
A diagnostic to measure neutral-atom density in fusion-research plasmas
Authors: Dogariu A. , Cohen S. A. , Jandovitz P. , Vinoth S. , Evans E. S. , Swanson C. P. S.
Published: September 2022

A femtosecond two-photon-absorption laser-induced-fluorescence (TALIF) diagnostic was designed, installed, and operated on the Princeton-Field-Reversed Configuration-2 device to provide non-invasive measurements of the time and spatially resolved neutral-atom densities in its plasmas. Calibration of the Ho density was accomplished by comparison with Kr TALIF. Measurements on plasmas formed of either H2 or Kr fill gases allowed examination of nominally long and short ionization mean-free-path regimes. With multi-kW plasma heating and H2 fill gas, a spatially uniform Ho density of order 1017 m−3 was measured with better than ±2 mm and 10 µs resolution. Under similar plasma conditions but with Kr fill gas, a 3-fold decrease in the in-plasma Kr density was observed.
Static polarizabilities within the generalized Kohn–Sham semicanonical projected random phase approximation (GKS-spRPA)
Authors: Balasubramani Sree Ganesh , Voora Vamsee K. , Furche Filipp
Published: September 2022

An analytical implementation of static dipole polarizabilities within the generalized Kohn–Sham semicanonical projected random phase approximation (GKS-spRPA) method for spin-restricted closed-shell and spin-unrestricted open-shell references is presented. General second-order analytical derivatives of the GKS-spRPA energy functional are derived using a Lagrangian approach. By resolution-of-the-identity and complex frequency integration methods, an asymptotic O(N4⁡log(N)) scaling of operation count and O(N3) scaling of storage is realized, i.e., the computational requirements are comparable to those for GKS-spRPA ground state energies. GKS-spRPA polarizabilities are assessed for small molecules, conjugated long-chain hydrocarbons, metallocenes, and metal clusters, by comparison against Hartree–Fock (HF), semilocal density functional approximations (DFAs), second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, range-separated hybrids, and experimental data. For conjugated polydiacetylene and polybutatriene oligomers, GKS-spRPA effectively addresses the “overpolarization” problem of semilocal DFAs and the somewhat erratic behavior of post-PBE RPA polarizabilities without empirical adjustments. The ensemble averaged GKS-spRPA polarizabilities of sodium clusters (Nan for n = 2, 3, …, 10) exhibit a mean absolute deviation comparable to PBE with significantly fewer outliers than HF. In conclusion, analytical second-order derivatives of GKS-spRPA energies provide a computationally viable and consistent approach to molecular polarizabilities, including systems prohibitive for other methods due to their size and/or electronic structure.
Increasing the amplitude of ultrashort microwave pulses in a passive mode-locked oscillator by the method of double nonlinear filtering
Authors: Vilkov M. N. , Yurovskiy L. A. , Ginzburg N. S.
Published: September 2022

We show the possibility of increasing the amplitude of ultrashort microwave pulses in a passive mode-locked oscillator in a circuit containing a chain of traveling wave tubes (TWTs) one of which operates in the amplification regime and the other two in the nonlinear Kompfner suppression regime. An increase in the number of nonlinear filtering stages makes it possible to enhance the filtering threshold level, below which low background noise is suppressed, while an almost complete transparency is maintained for peak amplitudes of the pulse signal. As a result, with an increase in the length of the amplifier, a linear growth in the peak amplitude of microwave pulses takes place because of the commutative extraction of energy from different electron fractions, along which the pulse is shifted due to the difference in its group velocity from the translational velocity of the particles. With an optimal selection of the parameters of the absorbers, the peak amplitude of the generated periodic sequence of ultrashort pulses can exceed the amplitude of stationary generation by more than an order of magnitude for given parameters of the TWT like current, voltage, and coupling impedance.
Tracking structural solvent reorganization and recombination dynamics following e− photoabstraction from aqueous I− with femtosecond x-ray spectroscopy and scattering
Authors: Vester Peter , Kubicek Katharina , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Assefa Tadesse , Biasin Elisa , Christensen Morten , Dohn Asmus O. , van Driel Tim B. , Galler Andreas , Gawelda Wojciech , Harlang Tobias C. B. , Henriksen Niels E. , Kjær Kasper S. , Kuhlman Thomas S. , Németh Zoltán , Nurekeyev Zhangatay , Pápai Mátyás , Rittman Jochen , Vankó György , Yavas Hasan , Zederkof Diana B. , Bergmann Uwe , Nielsen Martin M. , Møller Klaus B. , Haldrup Kristoffer , Bressler Christian
Published: September 2022

We present a sub-picosecond resolved investigation of the structural solvent reorganization and geminate recombination dynamics following 400 nm two-photon excitation and photodetachment of a valence p electron from the aqueous atomic solute, I−(aq). The measurements utilized time-resolved X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (TR-XANES) spectroscopy and X-ray Solution Scattering (TR-XSS) at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free electron laser in a laser pump/x-ray probe experiment. The XANES measurements around the L1-edge of the generated nascent iodine atoms (I0) yield an average electron ejection distance from the iodine parent of 7.4 ± 1.5 Å with an excitation yield of about 1/3 of the 0.1M NaI aqueous solution. The kinetic traces of the XANES measurement are in agreement with a purely diffusion-driven geminate iodine–electron recombination model without the need for a long-lived (I0:e−) contact pair. Nonequilibrium classical molecular dynamics simulations indicate a delayed response of the caging H2O solvent shell and this is supported by the structural analysis of the XSS data: We identify a two-step process exhibiting a 0.1 ps delayed solvent shell reorganization time within the tight H-bond network and a 0.3 ps time constant for the mean iodine–oxygen distance changes. The results indicate that most of the reorganization can be explained classically by a transition from a hydrophilic cavity with a well-ordered first solvation shell (hydrogens pointing toward I−) to an expanded cavity around I0 with a more random orientation of the H2O molecules in a broadened first solvation shell.
Supercritical transition mechanism of immiscible ethanol/hexadecane droplets
Authors: Wang Zhanyuan , Zhao Wanhui , Zhou Lei , Shu Gequn , Wei Haiqiao
Published: September 2022

Although the properties of supercritical fluids have been significantly focused on, few studies have focused on the transition process of multicomponent fluids from the subcritical to supercritical state. Herein, the trans-critical behavior of an immiscible binary ethanol/hexadecane (EtOH/C16) droplet under supercritical nitrogen environments is analyzed for the first time using molecular dynamics. The ambient pressure (p) and ambient temperature (T) of the droplets exceed the critical conditions for both EtOH and C16. Moreover, trans-critical EtOH/C16 droplets undergo a two-stage bulging-to-shrinking process. Liquid fraction λ is introduced to quantify the structural characteristics of trans-critical fluids. Fluids inside the droplet are shown to transform from the vapor to liquid phase, signified by the increase in λ with p. Three droplet evolution types are classified based on p: micro-explosion, puffing, and mixing types. The occurrence of each trans-critical droplet evolution type is determined by the competition between the subcritical gasification of EtOH and the supercritical pseudo-boiling of C16. The supercritical transition of C16 can be detected under each condition, while that of EtOH only occurs for the mixing-type droplet evolution. Furthermore, a p–T diagram is provided to analyze the combined effect of T and p on the trans-critical droplet evolution types.