bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vörös, Boldizsár 2014: Történelemhamisítás és politikai propaganda. Illés Béla elmeszüleményei a magyar szabadságküzdelmek orosz támogatásáról ('Falsification of History and Political Propaganda - The Brainchildren of Béla Illés about the Russian Support of Hungarian Struggles for Freedom'). Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) Bölcsészetudományi Kutatóközpont. Történettudományi Intézet, 2014. 335 pp.
Authors: Pastor Peter
Published: January 2016

Vörös, Boldizsár 2014: Történelemhamisítás és politikai propaganda. Illés Béla elmeszüleményei a magyar szabadságküzdelmek orosz támogatásáról ('Falsification of History and Political Propaganda - The Brainchildren of Béla Illés  about the Russian Support of Hungarian Struggles for Freedom'). Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) Bölcsészetudományi Kutatóközpont. Történettudományi Intézet, 2014. 335 pp.Reviewed by Peter Pastor, Montclair State University
Mandler, David. 2014. Kelet és nyugat mezsgyéjén – Vámbéry Ármin és a Brit Birodalom ('On the Border between East and West – Arminius Vámbéry and the British Empire'). Budapest: Múlt és Jövő Kiadó. 223 pp.
Authors: Szalai Anna
Published: January 2016

Mandler, David. 2014. Kelet és nyugat mezsgyéjén – Vámbéry Ármin és a Brit Birodalom ('On the Border between East and West – Arminius Vámbéry and the British Empire'). Budapest: Múlt és Jövő Kiadó. 223 pp.Reviewed by Anna Szalai, Independent Scholar, Israel
Hock, Beáta. 2013. Gendered Artistic Positions and Social Voices - Politics, Cinema and the Visual Arts in State-Socialist and Post-Socialist Hungary. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. 284 pp. illus.
Authors: Tőke Lilla
Published: January 2016

Hock, Beáta. 2013. Gendered Artistic Positions and Social Voices - Politics, Cinema and the Visual Arts in State-Socialist and Post-Socialist Hungary. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. 284 pp. illus. Reviewed by Lilla Tőke, Assistant Professor, City University of New York, LaGuardia Community College
Language Play and Linguistic Hybridity as Current Trends in Hungarian Word-Formation
Authors: Benczes Réka , Tóth-Czifra Erzsébet
Published: January 2016

Hungarian literature on word-formation typically focuses on rule-governed descriptions of regular and typologically relevant patterns. However, there are plenty of other word-formation trends that usually go unnoticed in mainstream morphological research. The present paper will focus on two such trends: 1) rhyming and alliterating compounds such as pannon puma ‘Pannonian puma’ (a euphemism for Hungary’s economic performance, on the analogy of Asian tiger); and 2) creative prefixations such as meggugliz (‘to google’) and felhájpol (‘to hype’). Although these are seemingly two quite different patterns, in fact they share two significant traits. On the one hand, they are demonstrations of the fact that language users make full use of the creative possibilities in language and routinely play with sounds and meanings. On the other hand, they are also indications of the influential role of English in present-day Hungarian word-formation. It seems that language users are not only aware of the possibilities that this interference can result in but are also able to exploit these consciously. This crossing of language boundaries is becoming increasingly inevitable with the global spread of English.
Current Impact, Future Prospects and Implications of Mobile Healthcare in India
Authors: Kappal Rishi , Mehndiratta Amit , Anandaraj Prabu , Tsanas Athanasios
Published: January 2016

India has a diverse geographical landscape and predominately rural population. Telemedicine is identified as one of the technological pillars to support healthcare services in this region, but is associated with high cost and complex infrastructure, thus restricting its wider use. Mobile-based healthcare (m-Health) services may provide a practical, promising alternative approach to support healthcare facilities. India has a high mobile user base, both in cities and in rural regions. The appropriate identification of mobile data transmission technology for healthcare services is vital to optimally use the available technology. In this article, we review current telecommunication systemsin India, specifically the evolving consensus on the need for CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access - a wireless technology used by leading international and national operators. This technology is deployed in 800MHz band making it economically viable and far reaching with high quality of services) to continue its operations in India along with mobile healthcare services. We also discuss how healthcare services may be extended using m-Health technologies, given the availability of telecommunications and related services.
Heart and Lungs Protection Technique for Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Pichugin Vladimir , Melnikov Nikolay , Olzhayev Farkhad , Medvedev Alexander , Jourko Sergey , Gamzaev Alishir , Chiginev Vladimir
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Cardioplegic cardiac arrest with subsequent ischemic-reperfusion injuries can lead to the development of inflammation of the myocardium, leucocyte activation, and release of cardiac enzymes. Flow reduction to the bronchial arteries, causing low-flow lung ischemia, leads to the development of a pulmonary regional inflammatory response. Hypoventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is responsible for development of microatelectasis, hydrostatic pulmonary edema, poor compliance, and a higher incidence of infection. Based on these facts, prevention methods of these complications were developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate constant coronary perfusion (CCP) and the “beating heart” in combination with pulmonary artery perfusion (PAP) and “ventilated lungs” technique for heart and lung protection in cardiac surgery with CPB.Methods. After ethical approval and written informed consent, 80 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with normothermic CPB were randomized in three groups. In the first group (22 patients), the crystalloid cardioplegia without lung ventilation/perfusion techniques were used. In the second group (30 patients), the CCP and “beating heart” without lung ventilation/perfusion techniques were used. In the third group (28 patients), the CCP with PAP and lung ventilation techniques were used. Clinical, functional parameters, myocardial damage markers (CK MB level), oxygenation index, and lung compliance were investigated.Results. There were higher rates of spontaneous cardiac recovery and lower doses of inotrops in the second and third groups. Myocardial contractility function was better preserved in the second and third groups. The post-operative levels of CK-MB were lower than in control group.  Three hours after surgery CK-MB levels in the second and third  groups were lower by 38.1% and 33.3%, respectively. Eight hours after surgery, CK-MB levels were lower in the second and third groups by 45.9% and  47.7%, respectively. 24 hours after surgery, CK-MB levels were lower in the second and third groups by 42.0% and  42.6%, respectively, and lower by 29.7% and 27.4% 48 hours after surgery, respectively. Normalization of CK-MB levels were registered earlier in second and third groups (within 24 hours) than the control group. Oxygenation index and lung compliance were significantly higher in the third group after CPB.Conclusion. Our technique improved myocardial and lung function in patients, but larger prospective randomized trials are needed to definitively assess the protective effects of this technique.
Molecular and Genetic Research in Tuberculosis Clinical Practice and Epidemiology
Authors: Zhakipbayeva Bahytkul , Beisembayeva Sholpan , Muminov Talgat
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem. In order for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) to be more effectively managed, there is a need for better tools for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The decline of TB incidence and mortality in Kazakhstan during last decade was accompanied with consistent growth of MDR-TB. This study aimed to investigate genotype characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) isolated from TB patients from different regions of the country and its clinical and epidemiological significance.Methods. Over 500 clinical MT isolates from pulmonary TB patients between 2003-2008 were genotyped using spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTR, IS6110 RFLP, and hybridization on an oligonucleotide biochip “TB–biochip.”Results. Out of  250 isolates with interpretable results, 31 different spoligopatterns were detected. The Beijing genotype was the most predominant lineage detected (71.6%), characterized by heterogenicity on ETR A, B, C, D, and E markers, and 56.6% of them had an allelic profile 42435. The Beijing genotype and dominating variant strains have a high transmission rate, a high rate of primary MDR (associated with infiltrating lung TB and complications), and a high level resistance to rifampicin and izoniazid due to mutation of rpoB531TTG and katG315ACC. MIRU-VNTR–typing by 15 loci of 33 isolates from 13 family TB foci revealed that strains from supposed sources and contact persons completely coincide in only 5 foci in the genomic structure.Conclusion. There is a heterogeneous pool of genotypes that circulate in Kazakhstan, with the Beijing lineage being the most predominant. It appears that at the present stage of circulation , MT Beijing genotype has an endemic character. However, clonal spreading of epidemiologically and clinically significant MDR strains of this genotype is also a serious threat to the population. To increase TB control efficiency and prevent further transmission, it is necessary to compile a modern countrywide system of microbiological monitoring for the agent by use of a computer bank of spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR-typing profiles of circulating strains.
Charophytes Locality in the Ga’aton River, Lower Galilee, Israel
Authors: Barinova Sophia , Romanov Roman
Published: January 2016

First study of new locality the Ga’aton River, the Lower Galilee, with charophyte algae, in semi-arid to temperate region of Israel has been implemented for revealing of algal diversity and ecological assessment of the water object environment by bio-indication methods. Altogether twenty species from five taxonomic Divisions of algae and cyanobacteria including one of them macro-algae Chara grovesii B.P. Pal were revealed in the Ga’aton River. This is the first species record for Israel and Mediterranean region. Chara was found in growth in the middle part of studied stream. Bio-indication and chemical variables characterize the charophyte sites environment as fresh, low alkaline, and low to middle organic pollution with mainly eutrophic state. Saprobity index S is fluctuated in small range (1.83-1.93) and reflect low to middle organic pollution, Class III of Water Quality. The river environment can be characterize as natural to anthropogenically impacted from the river basin with Aquatic Ecosystem State Index WESI about 0.50-0.57 and tendency of self-purification down the river. The Ga’aton River can be recommended for regularly monitoring of chemical and biological variables in purpose the watershed management and protection.
“High and Low”—Popular Music in Portuguese Cinema and Pedro Costa’s Ne Change Rien (2009)
Authors: Ferreira Carolin Overhoff
Published: January 2016

Fado, the Portuguese guitar, and jazz and folk music have been major musical references in the first decades of the Portuguese national cinema. From its first recorded-sound film to the musical comedies in the ’40s, the Fado films of the ’50s, and the Novo Cinema productions in the ’60s and ’70s, this type of music has been featured prominently. Music itself became a topic or served as a major element in films by the country’s most renowned filmmakers: Manoel de Oliveira and João César Monteiro. Contemporary filmmakers such as Miguel Gomes, João Canijo, Edgar Pêra, and Pedro Costa have lately emphasized the importance of music in their production. My aim in this article is to offer a brief introductory survey on the role of music in Portuguese film history, before focusing on a contemporary film, Ne Change Rien (2009), by internationally acclaimed filmmaker Pedro Costa. Within the context of Portuguese cinema, the film demonstrates indeed a revitalized interest in the relation between music and the moving image. This recent production, which features French actress and singer Jeanne Balibar and explores her rehearsal and recording process and on stage performances, challenges our ideas on art production with its representation of music in film. I will use the concept of the “indisciplinary film” in order to grasp the complex political and aesthetic implications of Ne Change Rien’s way of engaging with the different aspects and the mystery involved in the creation of music and filmmaking.
Consistency Bands for the Mean Excess Function and Application to Graphical Goodness-of-fit Test for Financial Data
Authors: Ba Amadou Diadie , Deme El Hadj , Seck Cheikh Tidiane , Lo Gane Samb
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we use the modern setting of functional empirical processes and recent techniques on uniform estimation for non parametric objects to derive consistency bands for the mean excess function in the i.i.d. case. We apply our results for modelling Dow Jones data to see how good the Generalized hyperbolic distribution fits monthly data.
Homotopy Equivalence of Hilbert $C$*-modules
Authors: Tabadkan Gholamreza Abbaspour , Hosseinnezhad Hessam
Published: January 2016

In this paper we introduce the concept of homotopy equivalence for Hilbert $C$*-modules and investigate some properties of this equivalence relation. We then
present the homotopy equivalence in the context of Fredholm operators on Hilbert $C$*-modules and classify these operators in terms of their index.
Alternating Group $A_5$ Actions on Homotopy $S^2\times S^2$
Authors: Li Hongxia
Published: January 2016

Let $X$ be a smooth, closed 4-manifold which is homotopy equivalent to $S^2\times S^2$. By the Seiberg-Witten theory, we take $\mathrm{Ind}_{A_5}D_X$ as a virtual $A_5$-representation and give its concrete representation.
 We also study $\mathrm{Ind}_{A_5}D_X$ when $X$ is homotopy equivalent to $\sharp_n S^2 \times S^2$. Besides we give an example of our main theorem.
Market and Non-market Policies for Renewable Energy Diffusion: A Unifying Framework and Empirical Evidence from China’s Wind Power Sector
Authors: Liu Yang , Wei Taoyuan
Published: January 2016

We provide a comprehensive framework of analyzing the diffusion process of renewable technology, incorporating epidemic and pecuniary effects. Relying on a panel dataset consisting of information from 1207 CDM wind projects in thirty provinces over the period 2004-2011, we find strong evidence on the dominant role of the epidemic effect and new evidence on pecuniary effects that generate a diminishing marginal effect of profitability in inducing technology adoption.

Our numerical simulation demonstrates that the epidemic effect can play a quantitatively important role in the spread of renewable energy technology and markedly enhance the optimal social welfare. Our findings convey important policy implications for regulators when choosing policy instruments to enhance the diffusion and adoption of clean technology. Price instruments should be complemented by a wide range of non-market instruments to address non-market barriers.
A Sliding Mode Control-Based on a RBF Neural Network for Deburring Industry Robotic Systems
Authors: Tao Yong , Zheng Jiaqi , Lin Yuanchang
Published: January 2016

A sliding mode control method based on radial basis function (RBF) neural network is proposed for the deburring of industry robotic systems. First, a dynamic model for deburring the robot system is established. Then, a conventional SMC scheme is introduced for the joint position tracking of robot manipulators. The RBF neural network based sliding mode control (RBFNN-SMC) has the ability to learn uncertain control actions. In the RBFNN-SMC scheme, the adaptive tuning algorithms for network parameters are derived by a Koski function algorithm to ensure the network convergences and enacts stable control. The simulations and experimental results of the deburring robot system are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed RBFNN-SMC control method. The advantages of the proposed RBFNN-SMC method are also evaluated by comparing it to existing control schemes.
Pressure Points: Why It Makes Sense to Label Sprinklers With Pressure Regulation
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Kind Joanna
Published: January 2016

Usepa is Developing a Draft Specification for High‐Efficiency Sprinkler Bodies as Part of its Watersense Program Designed to Address Performance Challenges.
Catalyzing New Water Management Tools in the West Through the Colorado River System Conservation Program
Authors: Hawes Taylor
Published: January 2016

Vast swaths of the Western United States are experiencing drought. The majority of California is in an extreme or exceptional drought, and a prolonged drought in the Colorado River Basin – one of the worst in 1,200 years – has caused water levels to approach critically low thresholds.
Informal Workers’ Aggregation in India: An Evolving Model of Collective Action
Authors: Routh Supriya
Published: January 2016

In India, more than 90 % of the workforce is informal. In spite of this enormous percentage of informal workers, informal workers remain excluded from law and policy circles. One reason for such exclusion and invisibility emanates from the absence of trade unionism involving informal workers. Overcoming this invisibility, informal workers are increasingly organizing into associations that differ from traditional trade unions. These organizations devise their strategies and their legal statuses in view of the atypical characteristics of informal activities. In this article, I document some of these organizations of self-employed informal workers in India. By documenting the characteristics and functions of these organizations, I contend that these organizations offer a model for collective action by informal workers. I argue that these associations of informal workers are asui generisorganization of informal workers, and could become a precursor to solidarity-based initiative by informal workers globally.
Les enfants de couples mixtes et leur rapport à leur pays étranger d’origine
Authors: Unterreiner Anne
Published: January 2016

Étudier l’identité des enfants de couples mixtes permet d’éclairer les débats contemporains portant sur le contrôle de l’immigration et de l’intégration des populations issues de l’immigration. Une telle entreprise rend de plus visibles les facteurs susceptibles d’influencer l’identité nationale. Cet article s’attache à analyser le caractère « pratiqué » ou « symbolique » de l’identification nationale en référence au pays d’origine du parent migrant, à partir des discours identitaires d’une centaine d’enfants de couples mixtes rencontrés en France, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni. L’identification des enfants de couples mixtes à leurs origines nationales étrangères semble symbolique, c’est-à-dire élective plutôt que due à la pression communautaire. Elle se fonde sur l’affectif et le lien de filiation avant tout. Si au Royaume-Uni, cette identité symbolique s’ajoute à une multitude d’autres identités, en Allemagne, elle enrichit le sentiment d’appartenance au pays étranger d’origine existant. En France, elle compense l’absence d’identifications autres qu’en référence à la nation française.
Les nouveaux héritiers
Authors: Chevalier Gérard
Published: January 2016

Fondés sur la recherche de configurations de goûts et de pratiques propres aux différents groupes sociaux, les modèles de l’omnivorité et de l’éclectisme reposent sur une représentation substantialiste des rapports à la culture, que l’instabilité des comportements condamne à la multiplication des types et des sous-types. Pour surmonter cette difficulté, l’analyse proposée s’est appliquée à identifier des attitudes, comprises comme constructions psychologiques durables et transmissibles. Elle s’est appuyée sur une enquête statistique réalisée en janvier 2012 à la demande de l’université de Paris-Dauphine. L’introduction de questions sur le sens attribué aux activités et sur la représentation de la posture en situation (e. g. : visite de musée ou d’exposition) conduit à mettre en évidence différents rapports à la culture parmi les étudiants. Plus volontaristes, plus conformistes ou plus distanciés, ils renvoient à des contextes de socialisation différents, en même temps qu’ils attestent la permanence intergénérationnelle de la culture traditionnelle comme valeur.
Age-related changes of dental pulp tissue after experimental tooth movement in rats
Authors: Von Böhl Martina , Ren Yijin , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne M. , Fudalej Piotr S. , Maltha Jaap C.
Published: January 2016

It is generally accepted that the effect of orthodontic tooth movement on the dental pulp in adolescents is reversible and that it has no long-lasting effect on pulpal physiology. However, it is not clear yet if the same conclusion is also valid for adult subjects. Thus, in two groups of rats, aged 6 and 40 weeks respectively, 3 molars at one side of the maxilla were moved together in a mesial direction with a standardized orthodontic appliance delivering a force of 10 cN. The contralateral side served as a control. Parasagittal histological sections were prepared after tooth movement for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The pulp tissue was characterized for the different groups, with special emphasis on cell density, inflammatory cells, vascularity, and odontoblasts. Dimensions of dentin and the pulpal horns was determined and related with the duration of orthodontic force application and age ware evaluated. We found that neither in young nor in adult rats, force application led to long-lasting or irreversible changes in pulpal tissues. Dimensional variables showed significant age-related changes. In conclusion, orthodontic tooth movement per se has no long-lasting or irreversible effect on pulpal tissues, neither in the young nor in the adult animals.
Resonant excitation of whistler waves by a helical electron beam
Authors: An X. , Van Compernolle B. , Bortnik J. , Thorne R. M. , Chen L. , Li W.
Published: January 2016

Chorus‐like whistler mode waves that are known to play a fundamental role in driving radiation belt dynamics are excited on the Large Plasma Device by the injection of a helical electron beam into a cold plasma. The mode structure of the excited whistler wave is identified using a phase correlation technique showing that the waves are excited through a combination of Landau resonance, cyclotron resonance, and anomalous cyclotron resonance. The dominant wave mode excited through cyclotron resonance is quasi‐parallel propagating, whereas wave modes excited through Landau resonance and anomalous cyclotron resonance propagate at oblique angles that are close to the resonance cone. An analysis of the linear wave growth rates captures the major observations in the experiment. The results have important implications for the generation process of whistler waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere.
Stochastic simulation of inner radiation belt electron decay by atmospheric scattering
Authors: Selesnick R. S.
Published: January 2016

Decay of inner radiation belt electron intensity, resulting from elastic and inelastic collisions with neutral atoms, ions, and free electrons of the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and plasmasphere, is described by stochastic Monte Carlo simulation. Modified collision cross sections allow detailed simulation of large‐angle scattering and large‐energy‐loss collisions while preserving mean effective scattering and slowing‐down rates resulting from all collisions. Scattering from bound electrons and δ‐ray production are also included. Results show that traditional methods describing diffusion of the mirror point magnetic field, equivalent to diffusion in equatorial pitch angle, and energy loss by continuous slowing down are generally good approximations. Updated formulae for these approximations are provided. The drift‐averaging approximation is also shown to provide a generally accurate description of trapped electron decay. The approximate methods overestimate decay rates by small factors, and the detailed stochastic simulation should be used when greater accuracy is required.
Three billion years of crustal evolution in eastern Canada: Constraints from receiver functions
Authors: Petrescu L. , Bastow I. D. , Darbyshire F. A. , Gilligan A. , Bodin T. , Menke W. , Levin V.
Published: January 2016

The geological record of SE Canada spans more than 2.5 Ga, making it a natural laboratory for the study of crustal formation and evolution over time. We estimate the crustal thickness, Poisson's ratio, a proxy for bulk crustal composition, and shear velocity (Vs) structure from receiver functions at a network of seismograph stations recently deployed across the Archean Superior Craton, the Proterozoic Grenville, and the Phanerozoic Appalachian provinces. The bulk seismic crustal properties and shear velocity structure reveal a correlation with tectonic provinces of different ages: the post‐Archean crust becomes thicker, faster, more heterogeneous, and more compositionally evolved. This secular variation pattern is consistent with a growing consensus that crustal growth efficiency increased at the end of the Archean. A lack of correlation among elevation, Moho topography, and gravity anomalies within the Proterozoic belt is better explained by buoyant mantle support rather than by compositional variations driven by lower crustal metamorphic reactions. A ubiquitous ∼20 km thick high‐Vs lower crustal layer is imaged beneath the Proterozoic belt. The strong discontinuity at 20 km may represent the signature of extensional collapse of an orogenic plateau, accommodated by lateral crustal flow. Wide anorthosite massifs inferred to fractionate from a mafic mantle source are abundant in Proterozoic geology and are underlain by high‐Vs lower crust and a gradational Moho. Mafic underplating may have provided a source for these intrusions and could have been an important post‐Archean process stimulating mafic crustal growth in a vertical sense.
Dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume: Realistic plume simulation and its seasonal and interannual variability
Authors: Jiang Long , Xia Meng
Published: January 2016

The three‐dimensional unstructured‐grid Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) was implemented for Chesapeake Bay and its adjacent coastal ocean to delineate the realistic Chesapeake Bay outflow plume (CBOP) as well as its seasonal and interannual variability. Applying the appropriate horizontal and vertical resolution, the model exhibited relatively high skill in matching the observational water level, temperature, and salinity from 2003 to 2012. The simulated surface plume structure was verified by comparing output to the HF radar current measurements, earlier field observations, and the MODIS and AVHRR satellite imagery. According to the orientation, shape, and size of the CBOP from both model snapshots and satellite images, five types of real‐time plume behavior were detected, which implied strong regulation by wind and river discharge. In addition to the episodic plume modulation, horizontal and vertical structure of the CBOP exhibited variations on seasonal and interannual temporal scales. Seasonally, river discharge with a 1 month lag was primarily responsible for the surface plume area variation, while the plume thickness was mainly correlated to wind magnitude. On the interannual scale, river discharge was the predominant source of variability in both surface plume area and depth; however, the southerly winds also influenced the offshore plume depth. In addition, large‐scale climate variability, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, could potentially affect the plume signature in the long term by altering wind and upwelling dynamics, underlining the need to understand the impacts of climate change on buoyant plumes, such as the CBOP.
Global characteristics of coherent vortices from surface drifter trajectories
Authors: Lumpkin Rick
Published: January 2016

An algorithm is developed that can automatically identify loopers in Lagrangian trajectory data, i.e., looping trajectories that complete at least two orbits, in a significant update to Griffa et al. (2008). This algorithm is applied to the Global Drifter Program data set, and over 15,000 looping trajectory segments are identified worldwide. While two third of these segments are 14–39 days long, some persist for hundreds of days; the longest looper in the record persisted for 287 days. The paths taken by the vortices at the center of these looper trajectory segments can be calculated from these data. The Lagrangian integral time scale can also be estimated for the looper segments, and is generally very close to the orbital period—a value several times larger than the integral time scales characterizing nonloopers. Fundamental time‐mean quantities such as total kinetic energy and velocity are shown to be significantly different between loopers and nonloopers. These results suggest that a careful approach to the data might require separately calculating means of the nonloopers and loopers, and only afterward combining the weighted results for an overall time‐mean picture. While many of the loopers with large radii orbit vortices identified in altimeter‐derived eddy census data, many with smaller radii do not match vortices resolved in altimetry. The data from this study are available at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/loopers/.
Investigating uncertainty in the simulation of the Antarctic ice sheet during the mid‐Piacenzian
Authors: Yan Qing , Zhang Zhongshi , Wang Huijun
Published: January 2016

The mid‐Piacenzian (~3 Ma) represents the most recent warm period in Earth's history on a geological time scale; it is characterized by a significant rise of global sea level. The simulation of the size and location of the ice sheets and the investigation of the uncertainty in the simulations are potentially helpful for constraining reconstructed sea level changes. In this study, we focus on the behavior of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) in the mid‐Piacenzian. We investigate the influence of topography correction, model parameters, climate forcings, and model resolution on the modeled AIS and explore the isolated role of atmospheric and oceanic forcings. Forced by the simulated climate changes with the Norwegian Earth System Model, the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (15 km × 15 km) produces a nearly collapsed West AIS (WAIS) in the mid‐Piacenzian, with no significant retreat of the East AIS (EAIS). The role of increased air temperature plays a key role in the mass loss of the mid‐Piacenzian AIS, while its role is comparable to the role of ocean warming on the melting of the WAIS. In terms of the range of sea level changes, the largest source of uncertainty in the modeled AIS is derived from ice sheet model parameters and climate forcings. Although the employed model parameters, topography correction factors, and model resolution affect the simulated AIS in the mid‐Piacenzian, large‐scale deglaciation of the EAIS in our sensitivity experiments may only be possible with additional warming.
Advances in Space Weather Ensemble Forecasting
Authors: Knipp Delores J.
Published: January 2016

Key Points

Space Weather forecasting is advancing

Ensemble forecasting is an important development

More than 15 ensemble forecasting papers have published in SWE
The American College of Rheumatology Provisional Composite Response Index for Clinical Trials in Early Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Berrocal Veronica J. , Giannini Edward H. , Seibold James R. , Merkel Peter A. , Mayes Maureen D. , Baron Murray , Clements Philip J. , Steen Virginia , Assassi Shervin , Schiopu Elena , Phillips Kristine , Simms Robert W. , Allanore Yannick , Denton Christopher P. , Distler Oliver , Johnson Sindhu R. , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Pope Janet E. , Proudman Susanna M. , Siegel Jeffrey , Wong Weng Kee , Wells Athol U. , Furst Daniel E.
Published: January 2016

Objective

Early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) is characterized by rapid changes in the skin and internal organs. The objective of this study was to develop a composite response index in dcSSc (CRISS) for use in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

We developed 150 paper patient profiles with standardized clinical outcome elements (core set items) using patients with dcSSc. Forty scleroderma experts rated 20 patient profiles each and assessed whether each patient had improved or not improved over a period of 1 year. Using the profiles for which raters had reached a consensus on whether the patients were improved versus not improved (79% of the profiles examined), we fit logistic regression models in which the binary outcome referred to whether the patient was improved or not, and the changes in the core set items from baseline to followup were entered as covariates. We tested the final index in a previously completed RCT.

Results

Sixteen of 31 core items were included in the patient profiles after a consensus meeting and review of test characteristics of patient‐level data. In the logistic regression model in which the included core set items were change over 1 year in the modified Rodnan skin thickness score, the forced vital capacity, the patient and physician global assessments, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, sensitivity was 0.982 (95% confidence interval 0.982–0.983) and specificity was 0.931 (95% confidence interval 0.930–0.932), and the model with these 5 items had the highest face validity. Subjects with a significant worsening of renal or cardiopulmonary involvement were classified as not improved, regardless of improvements in other core items. With use of the index, the effect of methotrexate could be differentiated from the effect of placebo in a 1‐year RCT (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

We have developed a CRISS that is appropriate for use as an outcome assessment in RCTs of early dcSSc.
Plasmonic Nanoparticles as a Physically Unclonable Function for Responsive Anti‐Counterfeit Nanofingerprints
Authors: Smith Alison F. , Patton Paul , Skrabalak Sara E.
Published: January 2016

Far‐field scattering of randomly deposited Au nanoparticles (NPs) is demonstrated as a physically unclonable optical function for anti‐counterfeit applications in which the scattering patterns are easily produced yet impractical to replicate. Colloidal metal NPs are superb components for nanoscale labels owing to their small dimensions and intense far‐field scattering visible at wavelengths that depend on colloidal size, shape, composition, and their local environment. The feasibility of Au NP depositions as nanofingerprints is presented using a simple pattern matching algorithm. These NPs offer extended functionality as environmental sensors. Taking advantage of the local refractive index dependent scattering wavelengths of metal NPs, a detectable color change is also demonstrated from a nanofingerprint comprised of Au and Ag NPs when placed in media with different refractive index. The facile deposition method coupled with the intense scattering and optical response of metal NPs provides physically unclonable tags (nanofingerprints) with the ability to serve as tamper‐evident and aging labels.
Ion Exchange Membranes as an Interfacial Medium to Facilitate Gallium Liquid Metal Alloy Mobility
Authors: Ilyas Nahid , Butcher Dennis P. , Durstock Michael F. , Tabor Christopher E.
Published: January 2016

Liquid metal electronics represent a groundbreaking advancement in electronic reconfigurability. Replacing mercury with nontoxic gallium liquid metal alloys (GaLMAs) will provide a significant improvement toward this paradigm; however, the metallic residues left behind on surfaces that contact GaLMAs have prevented their broad application to date. This report describes a novel method to control the wetting characteristics of GaLMAs by utilizing an ion exchange membrane (IEM) as an interface material that gradually releases minute concentrations of HCl vapor which reacts with the GaLMA surface and thus prevents residue formation. A common IEM, Nafion, is shown to behave both as an effective HCl transport medium and as a source for HCl vapor, and the chemical and phenomenological interactions of Nafion and HCl with GaLMA fluids are characterized. Additionally, an application of Nafion toward GaLMA microfluidics is demonstrated by integrating commercially available extruded Nafion tubes and by utilizing a solution suspension of Nafion to coat an arbitrary silicone‐based microfluidic matrix material. Both methods proved effective in generating a reversible flow system that remained residue free for extended periods of time, which can be regenerated without the use of concentrated acidic solutions.
A distinct X‐linked syndrome involving joint contractures, keloids, large optic cup‐to‐disc ratio, and renal stones results from a filamin A (FLNA) mutation
Authors: Lah Melissa , Niranjan Tejasvi , Srikanth Sujata , Holloway Lynda , Schwartz Charles E. , Wang Tao , Weaver David D.
Published: January 2016

We further evaluated a previously reported family with an apparently undescribed X‐linked syndrome involving joint contractures, keloids, an increased optic cup‐to‐disc ratio, and renal stones to elucidate the genetic cause. To do this, we obtained medical histories and performed physical examination on 14 individuals in the family, five of whom are affected males and three are obligate carrier females. Linkage analysis was performed on all but one individual and chromosome X‐exome sequencing was done on two affected males. The analysis localized the putative gene to Xq27‐qter and chromosome X‐exome sequencing revealed a mutation in exon 28 (c.4726G>A) of the filamin A (FLNA) gene, predicting that a conserved glycine had been replaced by arginine at amino acid 1576 (p.G1576R). Segregation analysis demonstrated that all known carrier females tested were heterozygous (G/A), all affected males were hemizygous for the mutation (A allele) and all normal males were hemizygous for the normal G allele. The data and the bioinformatic analysis indicate that the G1576R mutation in the FLNA gene is very likely pathogenic in this family. The syndrome affecting the family shares phenotypic overlap with other syndromes caused by FLNA mutations, but appears to be a distinct phenotype, likely representing a unique genetic syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Total Synthesis of Sacrolide A by Following a Nozaki‐Hiyama‐Kishi Macrocyclization Strategy
Authors: Jena Bighnanshu K. , Reddy Aedula Vishnu V. , Mohapatra Debendra K.
Published: January 2016

The stereoselective total synthesis of oxylipin macrolide (+)‐sacrolide A was achieved in a 13 longest linear step sequence with 12.1 % overall yield. The key reactions are Jacobsen′s hydrolytic kinetic resolution, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Yamaguchi esterification and intramolecular Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) macrocyclization to construct the required 14‐membered lactone.
Iron(III)‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Functional Group Transposition Reactions: Synthetic Protocol to Access 3‐Substituted Indoles
Authors: Li De‐Yao , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: January 2016

An iron(III)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran transferring reaction of indoles provides a practical synthetic protocol to access 3‐substituted indoles under mild conditions. This is the first example of a 1,3‐functional group transposition of a N‐protected indole to give a 3‐substituted indole derivative in good yield. A plausible mechanism has been proposed on the basis of deuterium‐labeling and control experiments. Furthermore, after a simple oxidation, the obtained product could be easily transformed into 3‐phthalide indole, a drug candidate for treating Alzheimer′s disease.
The evolutionary origin and population history of the grauer gorilla
Authors: Tocheri Matthew W. , Dommain René , McFarlin Shannon C. , Burnett Scott E. , Troy Case D. , Orr Caley M. , Roach Neil T. , Villmoare Brian , Eriksen Amandine B. , Kalthoff Daniela C. , Senck Sascha , Assefa Zelalem , Groves Colin P. , Jungers William L.
Published: January 2016

Gorillas living in western central Africa (Gorilla gorilla) are morphologically and genetically distinguishable from those living in eastern central Africa (Gorilla beringei). Genomic analyses show eastern gorillas experienced a significant reduction in population size during the Pleistocene subsequent to geographical isolation from their western counterparts. However, how these results relate more specifically to the recent biogeographical and evolutionary history of eastern gorillas remains poorly understood. Here we show that two rare morphological traits are present in the hands and feet of both eastern gorilla subspecies at strikingly high frequencies (>60% in G. b. graueri; ∼28% in G. b. beringei) in comparison with western gorillas (<1%). The intrageneric distribution of these rare traits suggests that they became common among eastern gorillas after diverging from their western relatives during the early to middle Pleistocene. The extremely high frequencies observed among grauer gorillas—which currently occupy a geographic range more than ten times the size of that of mountain gorillas—imply that grauers originated relatively recently from a small founding population of eastern gorillas. Current paleoenvironmental, geological, and biogeographical evidence supports the hypothesis that a small group of eastern gorillas likely dispersed westward from the Virungas into present‐day grauer range in the highlands just north of Lake Kivu, either immediately before or directly after the Younger Dryas interval. We propose that as the lowland forests of central Africa expanded rapidly during the early Holocene, they became connected with the expanding highland forests along the Albertine Rift and enabled the descendants of this small group to widely disperse. The descendant populations significantly expanded their geographic range and population numbers relative to the gorillas of the Virunga Mountains and the Bwindi‐Impenetrable Forest, ultimately resulting in the grauer gorilla subspecies recognized today. This founder‐effect hypothesis offers some optimism for modern conservation efforts to save critically endangered eastern gorillas from extinction. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:S4–S18, 2016. © 2016 American Association of Physical Anthropologists
Hominin taxic diversity: Fact or fantasy?
Authors: Wood Bernard , K. Boyle Eve
Published: January 2016

In this review of the evidence for and against taxic diversity within the hominin clade, we begin by looking at the logic and the history of simple “ladder‐like” interpretations of the hominin fossil record. We then look at the hominin fossil record in a series of time intervals and use current published evidence about the first and last appearance dates of each taxon to decide whether a species or specimens should be included in one, or more, of the intervals. Within each time interval, we consider the strength of the evidence that more than one hominin species is sampled. Decisions about whether taxonomic diversity exists depend on what alpha taxonomic hypotheses are used and although we use a relatively speciose interpretation of the hominin fossil record, we also explore what impact more inclusive interpretations of alpha taxonomy would have on assessments of hominin taxic diversity. With the exception of the oldest (7–5 Ma) all of the other time intervals have in our judgment at least one well‐supported example of taxic diversity and several have multiple examples. In summary, not all new hominin taxa are created equally, but while taxic diversity may not be as prevalent as some have claimed, it is a feature of the hominin clade from 4 Ma until c.40 ka years ago. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:S37–S78, 2016. © 2016 American Association of Physical Anthropologists
Sexual Selection and the differences between the sexes inMandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)
Authors: Setchell Joanna M.
Published: January 2016

Sexual selection has become a major focus in evolutionary and behavioral ecology. It is also a popular research topic in primatology. I use studies of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), a classic example of extravagant armaments and ornaments in animals, to exemplify how a long‐term, multidisciplinary approach that integrates field observations with laboratory methods can contribute to on‐going theoretical debates in the field of sexual selection. I begin with a brief summary of the main concepts of sexual selection theory and the differences between the sexes. I then introduce mandrills and the study population and review mandrill life history, the ontogeny of sex differences, and maternal effects. Next, I focus on male‐male competition and female choice, followed by the less well‐studied questions of female‐female competition and male choice. This review shows how different reproductive priorities lead to very different life histories and divergent adaptations in males and females. It demonstrates how broadening traditional perspectives on sexual selection beyond the ostentatious results of intense sexual selection on males leads to an understanding of more subtle and cryptic forms of competition and choice in both sexes and opens many productive avenues in the study of primate reproductive strategies. These include the potential for studies of postcopulatory selection, female intrasexual competition, and male choice. These studies of mandrills provide comparison and, I hope, inspiration for studies of both other polygynandrous species and species with mating systems less traditionally associated with sexual selection. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:S105–S129, 2016. © 2016 American Association of Physical Anthropologists
The reproductive ecology of iron in women
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2016

Reproductive ecology focuses on the sensitivity of human reproduction to environmental variation. While reproductive ecology has historically focused on the relationship between energy status and reproductive outcomes, iron status is equally critical to women's reproductive health, given the wide‐ranging detrimental effects of iron‐deficiency anemia on maternal and infant well‐being. This review interprets the vast literature on iron status and women's reproduction through an evolutionary framework. First, it will critique the evidence for iron deficiency caused by blood loss during menstruation, reinterpreting the available data as ecological variation in menses within and between populations of women. Second, it will highlight the scant but growing evidence that iron status is implicated in fertility, a relationship that has deep evolutionary roots. Third, this review proposes a new hypothesis for the transfer of iron from mother to infant via pregnancy and breastfeeding: reproductive iron withholding. In this hypothesis, mothers transfer iron to infants in a manner that helps infants avoid iron‐mediated infection and oxidative stress, but trades off with potential risk of maternal and infant iron deficiency. Finally, this review explores two main factors that can modify the relationship between iron status and the gestation‐lactation cycle: (1) the relationship between long‐term reproductive effort (parity) and iron status and (2) supplementation schemes before and during pregnancy. The review concludes by suggesting continued research into iron homeostasis in women using evolutionary, ecological, and biocultural frameworks. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:S172–S195, 2016. © 2016 American Association of Physical Anthropologists