bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training des Notfallkaiserschnitts – wenn es schnell und reibungslos funktionieren muss
Authors: Flentje Markus , Wucherpfennig Anke
Published: December 2021

Der Notfallkaiserschnitt steht als Intervention am Ende eines ungeplanten Geburtsverlaufs aufgrund einer lebensbedrohlichen Situation für Mutter und/oder Kind. Um ihn erfolgreich zu bewältigen, ist das reibungslose Zusammenwirken aller Berufsgruppen unter hohem Handlungsdruck erforderlich. Die Autoren beschreiben, wie diese Situation trainiert werden kann und welche Faktoren bei einem interprofessionellen Training wichtig sind.
Beweislastfallen im Haftungsprozess
Authors: Wolf Tatjana
Published: December 2021

Fehler passieren überall – auch im OP. Das kann rechtliche Folgen für die Klinik und deren Mitarbeitende haben, wenn der Patient dabei einen Schaden erleidet, zum Beispiel aufgrund fehlender beziehungsweise unzureichender Aufklärung oder einer fehlerhaften Behandlung. Welche Fallstricke im Haftungsprozess lauern, erläutert eine Fachanwältin für Medizinrecht.
Handling of Incidents in the Clinical Application of Ionizing Radiation in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology – a Multi-center Study
Authors: Müller Birgit Sabine , Singer Julian , Stamm Georg , Pirl Lukas , Borowski Markus , Hertlein Thomas , Rerich Eugenia , Trinkl Sebastian , Wucherer Michael , Ammon Josefin
Published: December 2021

Purpose According to the German legislation and regulation of radiation protection, i. e. Strahlenschutzgesetz und Strahlenschutzverordnung (StrlSchG and StrlSchV), which came into force on 31st December 2018, significant unintended or accidential exposures have to be reported to the competent authority. Furthermore, facilities have to implement measures to prevent and to recognize unintended or accidental exposures as well as to reduce their consequences. We developed a process to register incidents and tested its application in the framework of a multi-center-study.

Materials and Methods Over a period of 12 months, 16 institutions for x-ray diagnostics and interventions, documented their incidents. Documentation of the incidents was conducted using the software CIRSrad, which was developed, released for testing purposes and implemented in the frame of the study. Reporting criteria of the project were selected to be more sensitive compared to the legal criteria specifying “significant incidents”. Reported incidents were evaluated after four, eight, and twelve months. Finally, all participating institutions were interviewed on their experience with the software and the correlated effort.

Results The rate of reported incidents varied between institutions as well as between modalities. The majority of incidents were reported in conventional x-ray imaging, followed by computed tomography and therapeutic interventions. Incidents were attributed to several different causes, amongst others to the technical setup and patient positioning (19 %) and patient movement or insufficient cooperativeness of the patient (18 %). Most incidents were below corresponding thresholds stated in StrlSchV. The workload for documenting the incidents was rated as appropriate.

Conclusion It is possible to monitor and handle incidents complient with legal requirements with an acceptable effort. The number of reported incidents can be increased by frequent trainings on the detection and the processing workflow, on the software and legal regulation as well as by a transparent error handling within the institution.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Quaternary Phosphonium Carboxylates: Structure, Dynamics and Intriguing Olefination Mechanism
Authors: Nikitin Kirill , Vetter Anna C. , Müller-Bunz Helge , Muldoon Jimmy
Published: December 2021

We have earlier shown how the Wittig chemistry can be done using novel Eigenbase phosphonium carboxylate reagents. Here we discuss the phenomenon of ion pairing, their solution tautomerism, solid-state structure, and mechanistic aspects of olefination. The results point to a complex process involving unfamiliar H-bond-driven ion-pair equilibria followed by standard Wittig reaction steps.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Parapagus Conjoined Twins: 3D Virtual and 3D Physical Models
Authors: Castro Pedro , Werner Heron , Matos Ana Paula , Ribeiro Gerson , Lopes Jorge , Araujo Edward
Published: December 2021

Conjoined twins (CTs) are a rare complication from monochorionic and monoamniotic twin pregnancies. We describe the use of 3D technologies, including 3D virtual and 3D physical models on prenatal evaluation of one parapagus CT. A 16-year-old G1P0 woman was referred for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomical evaluation of a CT at 28 weeks of gestation. 3D images of the fetal surface were generated by the software during the examination for spatial comprehension of the relationship between the fetal parts. The pair of CTs died at the 32nd week of gestation, a few hours after cesarean section. 3D technologies are an important tool for parental counseling and preparation of the multidisciplinary care team for delivery and neonatal assistance and possible surgical planning for postnatal separation in CTs cases.
The Effect of Aromatherapy Alone or in Combination with Massage on Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Najaf Najafi Mona , Najaf Najafi Neshat , Rashidi Fakari Farzaneh , Moeindarbary Somayeh , Abdi Fatemeh , Sadat Hoseini Zeinab , Ghazanfarpour Masumeh
Published: December 2021

Objective The aim of the present systematic review meta-analysis is to assess the effect of olfactory stimulation on reducing dysmenorrhea.

Methods Systematic search was conducted in several databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus, to identify relevant research up to October 26, 2019. The identified studies were evaluated based on a modified Jadad scale. The intervention involves aromatherapy alone or in combination with essential oils. There was no restriction for the control group such as a placebo group or other common treatments. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 (Bio stat, Englewood, NJ, USA) was used for meta-analysis. Cochran's Q and I2 tests were utilized.

Results The findings of our meta-analysis, which contained 13 trials (15 data), showed that dysmenorrhea decreased significantly in the group receiving aromatherapy with herbal compared with the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.795; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.922 to- 0.667; 17 trials O < 0.001); heterogeneity; I2 = 19.47%; p = 0.236). In addition, four studies with insufficient data were not included in our meta-analysis. The results of all studies suggested that aromatherapy with herbal medicine group compared with control group is effective.

Conclusion Aromatherapy with herbal medicine decreased dysmenorrhea. This treatment was particularly effective when aroma oil was combined with massage or when a mixture of aroma oil was used for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension: Biochemical and Antioxidant Features in Vitro Might Help Understand Different Outcomes
Authors: Galvão Victoria Elizabeth , Cavalli Ricardo Carvalho , Sandrim Valeria Cristina
Published: December 2021

Objective Gestational hypertension (GH) is characterized by increased blood pressure after the 20th gestational week; the presence of proteinuria and/or signs of end-organ damage indicate preeclampsia (PE). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an antioxidant enzyme with an important role in maintaining endothelial function, and induction of HO-1 by certain molecules shows potential in attenuating the condition's effects over endothelial tissue. HO-1 production can also be stimulated by potassium iodide (KI). Therefore, we evaluated the effects of KI over HO-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with plasma from women diagnosed with GH or PE.

Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with a pool of plasma of healthy pregnant women (n = 12), pregnant women diagnosed with GH (n = 10) or preeclamptic women (n = 11) with or without the addition of KI for 24 hours to evaluate its effect on this enzyme expression. Analysis of variance was performed followed by Dunnet's test for multiple comparisons between groups only or between groups with addition of KI (p ≤ 0.05).

Results KI solution (1,000 µM) reduced HO-1 in the gestational hypertension group (p = 0.0018) and cytotoxicity in the preeclamptic group (p = 0.0143); treatment with KI reduced plasma cytotoxicity but did not affect the preeclamptic group's HO-1 expression.

Conclusion Our findings suggest that KI alleviates oxidative stress leading to decreased HO-1 expression; plasma from preeclamptic women did not induce the enzyme's expression in HUVECs, and we hypothesize that this is possibly due to inhibitory post-transcriptional mechanisms in response to overexpression of this enzyme during early pregnancy.
Diagnosing Septate Uterus Using Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Using Three Different Classifications: An Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement Study
Authors: Peixoto Carla , Castro Maite , Carriles Isabel , Arriba Maria de , Lapresa Victoria , Alcazar Juan Luis
Published: December 2021

Objective Currently, there are up to three different classifications for diagnosing septate uterus. The interobserver agreement among them has been poorly assessed.

Objective To assess the interobserver agreement of nonexpert sonographers for classifying septate uterus using the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology/European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESHRE/ESGE), American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), and Congenital Uterine Malformations by Experts (CUME) classifications.

Methods A total of 50 three-dimensional (3D) volumes of a nonconsecutive series of women with suspected uterine malformation were used. Two nonexpert examiners evaluated a single 3D volume of the uterus of each woman, blinded to each other. The following measurements were performed: indentation depth, indentation angle, uterine fundal wall thickness, external fundal indentation, and indentation-to-wall-thickness (I:WT) ratio. Each observer had to assign a diagnosis in each case, according to the three classification systems (ESHRE/ESGE, ASRM, and CUME). The interobserver agreement regarding the ESHRE/ESGE, ASRM, and CUME classifications was assessed using the Cohen weighted kappa index (k). Agreement regarding the three classifications (ASRM versus ESHRE/ESGE, ASRM versus CUME, ESHRE/ESGE versus CUME) was also assessed.

Results The interobserver agreement between the 2 nonexpert examiners was good for the ESHRE/ESGE (k = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–0.92) and very good for the ASRM and CUME classification systems (k = 0.95; 95%CI: 0.86–1.00; and k = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.79–1.00, respectively). Agreement between the ESHRE/ESGE and ASRM classifications was moderate for both examiners. Agreement between the ESHRE/ESGE and CUME classifications was moderate for examiner 1 and good for examiner 2. Agreement between the ASRM and CUME classifications was good for both examiners.

Conclusion The three classifications have good (ESHRE/ESGE) or very good (ASRM and CUME) interobserver agreement. Agreement between the ASRM and CUME classifications was higher than that for the ESHRE/ESGE and ASRM and ESHRE/ESGE and CUME classifications.
Base pressure effect on electrical properties of chromium nanofilms
Authors: Shiva L. , Alur Chitralekha , Ayachit N. , Udachan L. , Bhairamadagi S. , Kolkundi S.
Published: December 2021

The thickness dependence of chromium films deposited onto a glass substrate is studied in the range 3.5–70 nm. Their electrical resistance grows with the base pressure during the deposition due to the scattering of electrons from impurities. The conduction electron mean free path is determined in the frameworks of Mayadas–Shatzkes theory.
Numerical modeling of laboratory-scale asteroid impact based on elastoplastic flow model and CESE method
Authors: Yang Duoxing
Published: December 2021

Asteroid impacts are destructive and low-probability threats to the Earth. The numerical simulation is considered an applicable analysis tool in asteroid deflection programs. As a novel shock-capturing strategy, the space–time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method can reliably predict shock waves and mechanical behaviors under high pressure and large strain conditions. In this paper, based on an elastoplastic flow model and an updated CESE scheme, the laboratory-scale iron asteroid impacts are modeled numerically, and the multi-material boundary treatment and the interface tracing strategy are introduced. Under hypervelocity impacts of the projectile to the iron asteroid target, the construction and realization of morphologies of impact craters and the implantation of projectile material into the target are numerically calculated. Numerical results show that the crater diameter and depth increase with increasing impact velocity and with increasing temperature, which softens the target. Computational results are compared with experimental observations available in the open literature, and good agreement is found. Therefore, the CESE method is successfully extended for capturing the key features of laboratory-scale hypervelocity asteroid impacts.
Development of a multi-functional multi-probe atomic force microscope system with optical beam deflection method
Authors: Li Peng , Shao Yongjian , Xu Ke , Qiu Xiaohui
Published: December 2021

We developed a multi-probe atomic force microscope (MP-AFM) system with up to four probes and realized various functions such as topography mapping, probing electrical property, and local temperature measurement. Each probe mounted on the corresponding probe scanner was controlled independently, and the system employed the optical beam deflection method to measure the deflection of each cantilever. A high-performance MP-AFM system with a compact optical design and rigid actuators was finally established. We demonstrated AFM high-resolution imaging in air and performed four-probe imaging in parallel and multi-functional characterization with the MP-AFM system.
Combined electrostatic analyzer—Wien filter probe for characterization of species distributions in Hall thrusters
Authors: Thompson Seth J. , Farnell Shawn C. , Farnell Casey C. , Farnell Cody C. , Andreano Thomas M. , Williams John D.
Published: December 2021

We present a combined electrostatic and magnetostatic plasma diagnostic tool used to measure current fractions of ion species in a Hall-effect thruster plume. Hall thrusters produce thrust by accelerating singly and multiply charged ions to high velocity. Singly charged ions fall through potential differences from their point of creation to the location of measurement, which varies as a function of time and position resulting in a relatively wide distribution of energy. This process is further complicated by both direct and multi-step creation of multiply charged ions and by ion-neutral collisions. The result is that Wien velocity filter (ExB) spectra typically have overlapping peaks. Analysis of these spectra requires assumptions about the velocity distribution function (VDF) that are hard to verify and can result in the incorrect species current distribution used to calculate thruster performance efficiencies. We present how adding an energy filter in line with an ExB probe can result in a more accurate measurement of the species current fraction while also providing information about the ion energy distribution of each species. The combined diagnostic was used to measure the species current distribution in a 1.5 kW Hall thruster operating on krypton. The diagnostic setup and data analysis of the probe measurements are presented and compared against results utilizing established VDF-fit and integration techniques applied to standard spectra measured by a standalone ExB probe.
A panel acoustic energy harvester based on the integration of acoustic metasurface and Helmholtz resonator
Authors: Cui Xiaobin , Shi Jinjie , Liu Xiaozhou , Lai Yun
Published: December 2021

We propose and demonstrate an acoustic energy harvester based on the integration of an acoustic metasurface and Helmholtz resonator. The acoustic metasurface can transform the incident propagating acoustic waves into evanescent waves that converge at the center of the metasurface, where a Helmholtz resonator is applied to further enhance the efficiency of energy harvesting at the working frequency. This mechanism is verified by both numerical simulations and acoustic experiments. The metasurface is capable of increasing the sound intensity by ten times and increasing the open voltage by 3.2 times combined with the Helmholtz resonator in comparison with the case of only using the Helmholtz resonator. Our work opens a practical approach of acoustic energy harvesting with attractive features including high efficiency, flat geometry, and scalability to large sizes.
Zero absolute vorticity plane Couette flow as an hydrodynamic representation of quantum energy states under perpendicular magnetic field
Authors: Heifetz E. , Maas L. R. M. , Mak J.
Published: December 2021

Here we extend the Madelung transformation of the Schrödinger equation into a fluid-like form to include the influence of an external electromagnetic field on a charged particle. The vorticity of the Madelung fluid is then in the opposite direction to the imposed magnetic field and equal in magnitude to the cyclotron angular frequency. When the particle motion is confined to a plane, perpendicular to an imposed magnetic field, the equivalent flow dynamics is that of zero absolute vorticity obtained in a quasi-two-dimensional rotating frame, where the cyclotron frequency plays a role equivalent to that of the Coriolis frequency in a rotating frame. We show how the Landau levels and the extended modes in the integer quantum Hall effect are all mapped into such zero absolute vorticity-like plane Couette flows, where the latter exhibit a geostrophic-like balance between the magnetic force and the gradients of the quantum (Bohm) potential and the electric force.
An industry survey on litter management and re-use practices of Australian meat chicken growers
Authors: Pepper C.-M. , Dunlop M. W.
Published: December 2021

Litter management is important when rearing meat chickens because litter conditions can affect production as well as chicken health and wellbeing. An industry survey was conducted to gather information from Australian meat chicken growers and integrators about their litter management practices, providing an opportunity to share their knowledge, experiences and perceptions about litter re-use and litter turning. This information was essential for researchers investigating litter management practices because it provided a better understanding about litter preparation and shed configuration to ensure that representative and timely data could be collected. Eighty-four survey responses were received from all major growing regions across Australia. The survey closely reflected the proportions of conventional and free-range production systems of Australian chicken meat industry, with approximately 21% of survey responses representing free range and 80% representing conventional barn housing. Concerning litter management practices, the survey showed that litter re-use is limited (32% of responses), but litter turning is a widespread practice (89% of responses). Litter turning is used to reduce the occurrence of caked litter and to keep litter ‘working’. Maintaining ‘dry and friable’ litter has been shown to reduce the risk of health issues and allows chickens to display behaviours, such as dustbathing, which are believed to be associated with improved welfare. Comments from the survey indicated that litter turning alone does not achieve dry and friable litter, and that proactive ventilation, heater and drinker management are essential. Growers also explained that litter turning is not without its challenges, and can potentially contribute to spikes of dust, ammonia and/or odour. They also expressed concerns relating to operating machinery in poultry houses, particularly when there is high liveweight density. When growers were asked about litter re-use, several reported that it has benefits in reducing production costs and improving moisture holding capacity, but concerns were also expressed about risks relating to ammonia, litter beetle control and disease transmission. Researchers will be able to use these survey results to gain an insight into practices, perceptions, constraints, and challenges relating to the Australian chicken meat industry and ensure that future research relating to litter management reflects local conditions and practices.
Spinal cord representation of motor cortex plasticity reflects corticospinal tract LTP
Authors: Amer Alzahraa , Xia Jianxun , Smith Michael , Martin John H.
Published: December 2021

Significance

The motor cortex (MCX) and corticospinal tract are necessary for producing skilled movements. Whereas much is known about MCX plasticity and its role in acquiring and maintaining motor skills, much less is known about spinal circuit contributions. We investigate a spinal locus for corticospinal tract plasticity in anesthetized rats. We identify long-term potentiation (LTP) of the corticospinal tract monosynaptic excitatory synapse with spinal interneurons, as well as LTP of an oligosynaptic response in the wrist motor pool. Our findings are important for understanding the key structures for motor learning and motor recovery after injury and suggest that spinal circuits, which implement supraspinal control signals for muscle contraction, are capable of further modifying MCX actions in an activity-dependent manner.
Review of the gas breakdown physics and nanomaterial-based ionization gas sensors and their applications
Authors: Kim June Young , Kaganovich Igor , Lee Hyo-Chang
Published: December 2021

Ionization gas sensors are ubiquitous tools that can monitor desired gases or detect abnormalities in real time to protect the environment of living organisms or to maintain clean and/or safe environment in industries. The sensors’ working principle is based on the fingerprinting of the breakdown voltage of one or more target gases using nanostructured materials. Fundamentally, nanomaterial-based ionization-gas sensors operate within a large framework of gas breakdown physics; signifying that an overall understanding of the gas breakdown mechanism is a crucial factor in the technological development of ionization gas sensors. Moreover, many studies have revealed that physical properties of nanomaterials play decisive roles in the gas breakdown physics and the performance of plasma-based gas sensors. Based on this insight, this review provides a comprehensive description of the foundation of both the gas breakdown physics and the nanomaterial-based ionization-gas-sensor technology, as well as introduces research trends on nanomaterial-based ionization gas sensors. The gas breakdown is reviewed, including the classical Townsend discharge theory and modified Paschen curves; and nanomaterial-based-electrodes proposed to improve the performance of ionization gas sensors are introduced. The secondary electron emission at the electrode surface is the key plasma–surface process that affects the performance of ionization gas sensors. Finally, we present our perspectives on possible future directions.
A classical density functional approach to depletion interaction of Lennard-Jones binary mixtures
Authors: Chen Yue , Chen Wei , Chen Xiaosong
Published: December 2021

In this article, we apply classical density functional theory to investigate the characteristics of depletion interaction in Lennard-Jones (LJ) binary fluid mixtures. First, to confirm the validity of our adopted density functional formalism, we calculate the radial distribution functions using a theoretical approach and compare them with results obtained by molecular dynamics simulation. Then, this approach is applied to two colloids immersed in LJ solvent systems. We investigate the variation of depletion interaction with respect to the distance of two colloids in LJ binary systems. We find that depletion interaction may be attractive or repulsive, mostly depending on the bulk density of the solvent and the temperature of the binary system. For high bulk densities, the repulsive barrier of depletion force is remarkable when the total excluded volume of colloids touches each other and reaches a maximum. The height of the repulsive barrier is related to the parameters of the LJ potential and bulk density. Moreover, the depletion force may exhibit attractive wells if the bulk density of the solvent is low. The attractive well tends to appear when the surface–surface distance of colloids is half of the size of the polymer and deepens with temperature lowering in a fixed bulk density. In contrast with the hard-sphere system, no oscillation of depletion potential around zero is observed.
A 4.32-ps precision Time-to-Digital Convertor using multisampling wave union method on a 28-nm FPGA
Authors: Deng X. , Chen Q.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a fully implemented field programmable gate
array (FPGA) based time-to-digital converter (TDC) using
multisampling wave union method (MSWU) is proposed to get higher
measurement precision with lower resource utilization. Different
from the previously published works based on wave union methods, an
inverter-chain-based wave launcher is introduced to generate more
low-jitter edges in the same operation range. Meanwhile, a new
de-bubble solution combining with offline bin alignment and online
bin sorting is applied to eliminate severe bubbles in FPGAs of
advanced manufacturing technologies. The proposed TDCs are verified
on a Virtex-7 (28 nm) of FPGA development board VC707. According to
test results, the average measurement precision and mean resolution
reach 4.32 ps and 0.82 ps, respectively with [-0.98;3.43] LSB
DNL and [-6.06;34.1] LSB INL. A complete TDC channel only uses 831
D-type flip-flops (DFFs), 1305 look-up tables (LUTs) and 6 block
random access memories (BRAMs) of 36k bits.
Characteristic properties of Planacon MCP-PMTs
Authors: Melikyan Y.A. , Slupecki M. , Bearden I.G. , Crowley J.R. , Finogeev D.A. , Garcia-Solis E.J. , Guard A.E. , Harton A.V. , Kaplin V.A. , Karavicheva T.L. , Klay J.L. , Morgan I. , Morozov I.V. , Serebryakov D.V. , Stempek R. , Trzaska W.H. , Vozniuk N.O.
Published: December 2021

A systematic investigation of Planacon MCP-PMTs was performed using 64 XP85002/ FIT-Q photosensors. These devices are equipped with microchannel plates of reduced resistance. Results of a study of their gain stability over time and saturation level in terms of the average anode current are presented. This information allows one to determine the lower limit of the MCP resistance for stable Planacon operation. The spread of the electron multiplication characteristics for the entire production batch is also presented, indicating the remarkably low voltage requirements of these MCP-PMTs. Detection efficiency and noise characteristics, such as dark count rate and afterpulsing level, are also reviewed.
A 500 MS/s waveform digitizer for PandaX dark matter experiments
Authors: He C. , Liu J. , Ren X. , Shang X. , Wei X. , Wang M. , Yang J. , Yang J. , Yang Y. , Zhang G. , Zheng Q.
Published: December 2021

Waveform digitizers are key readout instruments in particle physics
experiments. In this paper, we present a waveform digitizer for the
PandaX dark matter experiments. It supports both
external-trigger readout and triggerless readout, accommodating the
needs of low rate full-waveform readout and channel-independent low
threshold acquisition, respectively. This digitizer is a 8-channel
VME board with a sampling rate of 500 MS/s and 14-bit resolution for
each channel. A digitizer system consisting of 72 channels has been
tested in situ of the PandaX-4T experiment. We report the system
performance with real data.
Assessment of Plant Biodiversity around the Tobolsk Industrial Site
Authors: Kharitontcev B , Popova E
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of comprehensive studies of the plant biodiversity near the industrial zone of the city of Tobolsk, Tyumen Oblast, Russia. Nine species of formation communities were identified: Abies sibirica Ledeb, Pineta (sylvestris), Betuleta (pendula), Betuleta (pubescens), Tilieta (cordata), Populeta (tremula), Saliceta, Prata, Emersiherbosa. Also, eleven associations were identified for the studied communities: fir forest with sedges, linden and birch; mixed small-leaved dark coniferous forest with sedges; low-shrub sphagnum pine forest; steppe birch forest; swampy low-shrub sphagnum birch forest; swampy reedgrass birch forest; linden-birch forest; cereal-horsetail-fern aspen forest; aspen forest with grass layer; aspen forest mixed with birch and sedges; mixed birch-aspen forb forest; maturing aspen-birch forest with hygrophilous grasses.
A spatial ecological analysis of the reintroduction of the Eurasian beaver
Authors: Yu Junshuang , Dennis Matthew
Published: December 2021

As ‘nature’s ecological engineers’ beavers can intentionally modify their habitat by building structures. This ability can have wider environmental benefits, including benefits for other habitats and species. However, this ability to modify the environment can sometimes be destructive, bringing beavers into conflict with land managers and others. To understand the complex connections between Eurasian beavers and ecosystems, this study was based on R language analysis tool that used land cover types, river network distribution and observational record studies of Eurasian beavers to find their most preferred environmental resources and potential habitats. The results found that reintroduced Eurasian beavers have a high potential for settlement and dispersal in restored areas.
Urban soils: the results of the study of the territory of the city of Ekaterinburg
Authors: Mezenina O , Mihailova A , Kuzmina M , Grigorieva A
Published: December 2021

In this article, we will consider the interesting, in our opinion, presented data of practitioners and scientists in terms of studying the formation and composition of urban soils, which is the most objective and stable indicator of man-made pollution, it clearly reflects the spread of pollutants and their actual distribution in the components of the urban environment. In this article, we have only shown the results of the analysis of the soils of g.For the period of the last 10 years, it is possible that for conclusions about the impact of the existing situation of the city territory on the entire environment, a more complete study of not only the chemical composition of soils, but also the impact of the economic mechanism of land management on the state of the city is necessary, the authors have not yet set themselves such a task.
Intraspecific Divergence of the Colorado Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineataSay (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on the Territory of the USSR and Russia
Authors: Fasulati S , Ivanova O , Rubtsova L
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of more than 40 years of research on the intraspecific variability and divergent microevolution of the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) during its expansion in the USSR and Russia. In this part of the species secondary area, 9 of its allopatric forms were mapped at the level of races (ecotypes), including 2 new ecotypes - northern and Azerbaijani, were identified in the last 5 years. To indicate ecotypes in the CPB area, the methods of classical population phenetics are applied. Ecotypes of the pest were formed in various potato-growing agro-climatic zones and differ in the individuals occurrence frequency with 9 types (morphs) of the imago pronotum pattern. Long-term changes in the phenetic structure of individual pest ecotypes over a period of 30-40 years were revealed. This indicates the continuation of microevolutionary processes in the CPB within the realized area due to the instability of the ecological situation in the agroecosystems. Under these conditions, the main inducers of divergent processes in pest populations are the agricultural production factors - for example, the resistant potato varieties such as Peterburgskiy, Ryabinushka, Sudaryinya and others.
Influence of diesel fuel on the composition and content of free amino acids in the green alga Acrosiphonia arcta
Authors: Klindukh M , Dobychina E , Makarov M , Ryzhik I
Published: December 2021

Arctic ecosystems are the most sensitive and vulnerable to anthropogenic impact, namely, the influence of petroleum products. The aim is to identify the effect of diesel fuel (DF) on the composition of free amino acids (FAA) in Acrosiphonia arcta in Barents Sea. The impact of DF concentrations of 20 - 3000 maximal permitted concentration (MPC) was analyzed. It was found that A. arcta contains 20 amino acids, 16 of which are proteinogenic and 8 are essential. The composition of the FAA pool did not change under the influence of DF, but the content of individual FAA and their total amount differed. The ratio of the dominant amino acids changes: at concentrations of DF up to 1000 MPC content of proline increased, and decreased at higher concentrations of DF. Under the influence of DF in concentration of 3000 MPC, taurine content significant increased. The least negative effect was exerted under the influence of DF concentration of 20 MPC, more significant - at the concentration more than 1000 MPC. Changes in the content of FAA are probably associated with the redirection of the synthesis pathways of amino acid groups, as well as the inhibitory effect of the toxicant on protein synthesis.
Production leptospirosis vaccine with included strain of Leptospira interrogans of serogroup Canicola
Authors: Urban G , Krotova O.Y. , Savenkov K. C. , Chernyshkov A , Savenkova M. N.
Published: December 2021

The leptospirosis vaccine is the main method of preventing the occurrence and spread of leptospirosis. Compliance with the standards of manufacturing, labeling, and storage is mandatory for immunological preparations. All stages of vaccine production must comply with the rules established by the Ministry of Industry and Trade and ensure its safety for humans. The article presents epidemiological data on leptospirosis in the Russian Federation in the period from 2013 to 2018. A method for producing a vaccine against human leptospirosis is described. The leptospirosis vaccine is polyvalent using membrane technologies and semi-synthetic culture media. It eliminates the use of foreign protein and does not require cleaning. The vaccine is an opalescent liquid with sediment and a pH of 7.2-7.6 and it is not allowed to contain live leptospira. Four strains are used and a new strain has been developed and implemented. Vaccination is carried out according to epidemiological indicators. Leptospirosis suspension forms specific immunity for 1 year. During the production of the updated vaccine, it was necessary to study the virulent properties of the strains. Moreover, analyze the formation of specific antibodies to leptospira in the new vaccine and in the vaccine currently used. From 2018 to 2020, 5 series of experimental vaccines in the form of a 0.5 ml suspension were produced.
Acute toxic effects of uranium on two aquatic organisms, Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) and Ostracod (Cypridopsis vidua)
Authors: Chen Liang , Huo Zheng , Zhou Xiafei , Niu Baiqiang , Zhang Wenting , Tang ZhenPing
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we concentrate on the acute toxic effects of uranium on two aquatic organisms, Brachydanio rerio (B. rerio) and Cypridopsis vidua (C. vidua). We found that the toxicity of uranium on C. vidua was significantly greater than that of B. rerio. The results show that C. vidua has a higher sensitivity to uranium, even better than the commonly used test model organisms. In addition to its high sensitivity, C. vidua is a simple and cost-effective toxicological test organism. Therefore, C. vidua is an attractive alternative biological detection material. The acute toxicity results of the test are valuable for establishing water quality standards and protecting human health. At the same time, it enriches the relevant data of uranium on biological toxicity, provides clues for the study of the mechanism of toxicity, and deepens the understanding of the harm of uranium pollution to aquatic ecosystems.
Organic matter of sod-podzolic soil after transition to a fallow state
Authors: Borisov B A , Efimov O E , Eliseeva O V , Tarazanova T V , Prokhorov A A
Published: December 2021

Soil plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. It is known that the strengthening of carbon sequestration processes occurs with a decrease in the intensity of soil treatments. The study of changes in organic matter and physical properties of sod-podzolic soil 16 years after the transition from arable soils to a fallow state against the background of weak water erosion was carried out. A significant increase in the content and reserves of total carbon in fallow soil compared to arable soil was found, mainly due to carbon of the light fraction. On arable soil, the content of the light fraction in the lower part of the field was significantly higher than in the upper part, due to the washing away of light particles as a result of erosion, these differences were smoothed out on fallow soil. There are no significant changes in the density, density of the solid phase and total porosity in fallow soil at this stage of succession, compared with arable soil. In fallow soil, the content of macro-aggregates (including water-bearing ones) was noticeably higher, and the share of micro-aggregates was lower than in arable soil.
Analysis of methods for accounting for the absorption of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere by forests
Authors: Gura D , Dyakova N , Lytus M , Turk G
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the problem of stabilizing the level of greenhouse gases and a political approach to its solution. International agreements and their impact on the economies and ecology of countries are presented. The documents submitted in accordance with the order dated November 8, 2018 No. 661 “On the approval of statistical tools for the organization of the federal statistical observation of atmospheric air protection by the federal service for supervision in the field of environmental management” in the period from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed. The dependence of the reduction of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is correlated with the measures taken by the government of the Russian Federation to adapt to climate change. The analysis of methods of accounting for the absorption of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere by such countries as Canada, the USA, and Russia is carried out. The disadvantages and advantages of the methods of accounting for carbon sequestration by forests and their influence on the research results are listed. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop an effective methodology for accounting for the absorption of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere by forests to create an independent system for accounting for the level of greenhouse gases, as well as Russia’s entry into the international quota market, which will ensure the development of the economy and projects for improving the environment.
Development of environmental projects at the level of public administration
Authors: Oleksenko R , Voronina Yu , Nesterenko O , Horbova N , Verkhovod I
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of improving the ecological condition of territories. territorial development is a complex and multifaceted issue. One of the main priorities of territorial development today is the issue of ecology. Environmental problems are global in nature. However, their solution belongs to the competence not only of international environmental organizations, but, first of all, of central authorities at the state level and territorial communities at the local level. One of the effective methods of analysis of the ecological condition of the territory for further development of mechanisms for cleaning the environment is the Habitat method. The methodology is proposed by the UN and is actively implemented to analyze the ecological status of territories. The article analyzes some elements of the methodology of assessment of territories, gives an example of analysis of territorial development of one of the cities of Ukraine. Based on the analysis, an algorithm for assessing the ecological condition of the territory has been developed and ways to form environmental policy at the territorial level through the formation of effective mechanisms for public management of territorial development have been proposed.
Determination the rational locations of territorial emergency response teams in the area of possible emergency situations of natural and technogenic nature
Authors: Afanasev V M , Matyushev P A , Shakirova A L , Yu Freze T
Published: December 2021

Due to frequent emergency cases at hazardous production facilities, which can lead to an environmental disaster, material and social damage, the issue of using the rational locations of territorial emergency response teams in the area of responsibility is the most relevant. The greatest weight if it is necessary to determine the rational place for the permanent deployment of territorial emergency rescue units created by the state authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation. Due to the lack of guidance documents and methodological recommendations for determining the permanent location of territorial emergency rescue units, this task was solved in each constituent entity of the Russian Federation in its own way and with a significant degree of subjectivity. It is proposed to use an algorithm for determining the permanent location of the rescue formation in the area of responsibility based on the probability of calling the formation to incidents, accidents and emergencies.
Greenhouse gas emission fluxes from peat bogs in the Arak Lake Basin in 2021
Authors: Cui Hang
Published: December 2021

Climate change has an important impact on greenhouse gas emissions from wetland ecosystems. The static box-meteorological chromatography method was used to determine the CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes of hummocky and hollow in the peat bogs in the Arak Lake Basin during the growing season in 2021. The results showed that the peaks of the CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes in the growing seasons of the hummocky and hollow appeared in July, and their value in May is the lowest. The average C02 emission flux (376.39±56.14 mg-m-2-h-1) during the growing season of hummocky is higher than that of hollow (167.36 mg-m-2-h-1), while the average emission flux of CH4 during the growing season of hummocky (2.00±0.31 mg-m-2-h-1) is lower than that of hollow (3.04 mg-m-2-h-1). The climatic fluctuations have caused differences in the CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes of the same micro-topography in the study area during the growing season between 2020 and 2021.
Environmental crisis effect on environmental costs
Authors: Podolskaya T , Kravchenko G V , Shatila Kh
Published: December 2021

Environmental management accounting is a mechanism for determining and evaluating, and incorporating these cost and benefit in the day-to-day business decision making, the full spectrum of environmental costs of current production processes and the economic benefits of contamination prevention, or cleaner processes. In practice, the past 10 years have acquired significance from corporate accounting, which is the most prominent part of cost accounting. Limits were widely acknowledged of conventional financial and cost accounting techniques reflecting companies’ sustainability efforts and providing management with necessary information for sustainable business choices. Information on companies’ environmental performance may be somewhat accessible, but both domestic decision makers and those at the level of public authorities are seldom able to connect environmental information with economic variables and are essentially deprived of environmental cost information. Decision makers do thus not recognize the economic worth of natural resources as asset and the commercial and financial benefit of excellent environmental performance. Beyond ‘goodwill’ efforts, there are a number of market-based incentives for integration with decision making of environmental issues. This article provides an outline of environmental management methods and we evaluate environmental costs in terms of current economic crisis.
Conceptualization of taxation ecologization in the dynamics of the national economy competitiveness (on the example of Thailand)
Authors: Wajeetongratana Songserm
Published: December 2021

As of today, the national taxation system, environmental regulation is carried out by a scattered set of tools and does not represent a system. However, the evolution of theoretical approaches and their practical implementation to a certain extent formed the theoretical foundations of environmental regulation. Greening of national economies is becoming a global trend in the modern economic development of various countries, incl. taxation, but at the same time, the “environmental tax” is no longer the optimal tool for environmental regulation. Thus, the search for methodologies for accounting for environmental costs continues, which confirms the relevance of the research topic. The main vector of the study was aimed at identifying tax instruments for environmental regulation and their harmonization on the basis of the current tax legislation of Thailand with the possibility of subsequent assessment of the environmental taxation effectiveness. The study made it possible to highlight the priority measures in the framework of the greening of the tax system in Thailand, as well as to formulate the directions for the further development of this type of taxation.
Research of tools for monitoring changes in natural and anthropogenic-transformed ecosystems
Authors: Belyaev A , Kramarov S , Mityasova O , Popov O , Khramov V
Published: December 2021

Decarbonization issues are one of the main strategic directions of modern environmental development today. New technologies of agricultural use of soils are used to fix carbon in the soil in the form of humus, which ultimately helps to reduce the greenhouse effect and actively affects the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere. The use of open data of remote sensing of the Earth from space (further - RSE) together with the data of satellite monitoring of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can allow us to obtain new methods of carbonation analysis. In this paper, we consider the possibilities of such use of standard NDVI data together with a more accurate definition of specific boundaries of agricultural fields in order to increase the accuracy of research results. This article shows the results of processing data and images obtained using open crop monitoring data. The proposed technology is proposed by us as an additional tool for monitoring changes in the ecosystems of the regions.
A comparative analysis of methods for assessing the environmental security of territories
Authors: Kopytenkova O I , Ryabets V V , Al Saud Saleh Yacoub Madzhmai
Published: December 2021

Annotation. The results of a study on the water quality, bottom sediments and coastal soil based on the level of anthropogenic pollution by heavy metal compounds and organic polutants are presented. The most commonly used integral and complex indicators used to assess the environmental safety of territories have been calculated. A comparative analysis, using the Shannon Biodiversity Index, highlighted the total pollution index (Zc) as the most informative, among those analysed, in terms of the impact of anthropogenic pollution on biota. The results established a methodology for assessing the environmental safety of territories that needs to be improved. By using the Maximum Permissible Exceedance (MPE) indicator, objective data will be available when determining the negative impact of pollution of natural environments on the state of ecosystems.