bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND FENTANYL ON AIRWAY RESPONSE AND HEMODYNAMICS DURING TRACHEAL EXTUBATION
Authors: Gyawali Hari Prasad , Gurung Renu , Bastola Priska , Koirala Megha
Published: January 2022

Background: Extubation is associated with various circulatory and airway responses. Various pharmacological measures including fentanyl and dexmedetomidine have been used to blunt the reflex without compromising the spontaneous respiration. In this study we wanted to compare dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on airway response, smoothness of extubation and hemodynamic changes.

Methodology: A total of 68 patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, were randomized into two groups. Group A received dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg and Group B received 1 mcg/kg of fentanyl with the start of skin suturing over a period of 10 minutes via syringe pump. Airway reflex during suction and smoothness of extubation were assessed. Level of sedation during suction, extubation and then every 5 minutes post extubation for 15 minutes were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed every 5 minutes with start of test solution till extubation and then every 5 minutes for 15 minutes.

Results: A total of 68 patients were evaluated in the study. In dexmedetomidine group, 67.6% of patients had no cough on extubation while in fentanyl group 35.3% of patients had no cough on extubation  which was statistically significant (p value 0.015). Mean heart rate during extubation increased in both the groups but the increase was 39% in Group B and 11% in Group A from baseline which was statistically significant (p value < 0.001). There was rise in mean systolic and mean arterial pressure during extubation in both the groups but the increase was significantly higher in fentanyl group. Patients in dexmedetomidine group were more sedated but there were no any adverse events.

Conclusion: With the results obtained from the study, it is concluded that dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg over 10 minutes before extubation is effective in alleviating airway response and haemodynamics compared to fentanyl 1 mcg/kg.
Prikaz slučajeva bruceloze svinja u Istri tijekom 2018. i 2019. godine
Authors: Zdelar-Tuk Maja , Mudrić Slobodan , Habrun Boris , Kompes Gordan , Reil Irena , Duvnjak Sanja , Špičić Silvio
Published: January 2022

Slučajevi bruceloze redovito se opisuju u zemljma centralne i zapadne Europe. Bruceloza svinja se po svojoj pojavnosti unatrag dva desetljeća smatra endemskom bolesti u kontinentalnom dijelu Hrvatske u kojoj razvijeno intenzvno i ekstenzivno svinjogojstvo. Tijekom 2018. i 2019. godine na području sjeverozapadne Istre, kao uzrok pobačaja i tijekom kontrole susjednih stada, potvrđena je bruceloza svinja prouzročena vrstom B. suis bv. 2 u dva uzgoja. Dijagnostika bolesti provedena je serološkim pretragama, brucelinizacijom, bakteriološkom i molekularnim pretragama. Prema našim saznanjima, ovo je prvi opisani slučaj bruceloze domaćih svinja na području jedne hrvatske županije i dokaz da se kontrola ove bolesti mora provoditi osobito u slučajevima pobačaja. S obzirom da ne postoje službeni statusi stada slobodnih od bruceloze svinja u R. Hrvatskoj, sa stanovišta sigurnosti, uzgajivači bi pri uvođenju novih rasplodnih svinja u uzgoj obvezno trebali provoditi prethodnu kontrolu životinje i uzgoja iz kojeg dolazi te tražiti garancije na ovu bolest. S obzirom na sve veću popularnost ekstenzivnog načina uzgoja svinja, monitoringom bolesti u divljih životinja utvrdili bi se u pojedinim hrvatskim regijama i rizici i značenje prijenosa na domaće svinje.
Hitna stanja u neurologiji
Authors: Dujmović Doris , Brkljačić Mirna , Kučer Nada , Matijatko Vesna , Jurkić Gabrijela , Kiš Ivana
Published: January 2022

Hitna su stanja po život opasna stanja koja zahtijevaju točnu i brzu intervenciju. Neprimjereno zbrinjavanje hitnog pacijenta može ostaviti trajne posljedice na njegovo zdravlje. Veliki se dio pacijenata u veterinarskoj maloj praksi prezentira s različitim poremećajima neurološkog sustava što zbog složenosti dijagnostike i liječenja predstavlja veliki izazov za veterinare. Neurološki simptomi mogu biti posljedica primarne bolesti središnjeg ili perifernog živčanog sustava ili se mogu kod različitih sistemskih poremećaja javiti i sekundarno. Trijaža je postupak pomoću kojeg razvrstavamo stabilne od nestabilnih pacijenata, a daje i uvid u to koliko je njihovo zbrinjavanje hitno. Glavni cilj stabilizacije hitnih pacijenata je osigurati dostatnu količinu kisika mozgu, srcu i ostalim vitalnim organima. Detaljan se neurološki pregled pacijenata koji pokazuju neurološke simptome provodi nakon stabilizacije. Cilj neurološkog pregleda je ustanoviti je li poremećaj neurološkog karaktera, odrediti lokalizaciju lezije i njezinu etiologiju te težinu stanja u kojemu se pacijent nalazi. Neurološki pregled obuhvaća: procjenu mentalnog statusa i ponašanja, procjenu stava i položaja tijela u prostoru, prisutnost abnormalnih pokreta, promatranje hoda, testiranje reakcija održavanja stava i položaja u prostoru, pregled kranijalnih živaca i spinalnih refleksa, palpaciju tijela i testiranje percepcije bola. U većini slučajeva možemo odrediti mjesto lezije što je u konačnici bitno za sastavljanje liste diferencijalnih dijagnoza i daljnjih dijagnostičkih i terapijskih planova. Prognoza pojedinih hitnih stanja u veterinarskoj neurologiji velikim dijelom ovisi i o lokalizaciji i etiologiji lezija.
Znanstvena istraživanja u 21. stoljeću - etički aspekti uporabe laboratorijskih životinja i alternativni modeli
Authors: Kmetič Ivana , Roller Monika , Miletić Marina , Murati Teuta
Published: January 2022

U toksikološkim istraživanjima uz uporabu klasičnih (in vivo) istraživanja, primjenjuju se alternativni test sustavi. Korištenje laboratorijskih životinja, embrija, humanog i animalnog tkiva, kultura stanica i fetalnog seruma u istraživanjima smatra se etički problematičnim te se ograničava zakonima, pravilnicima i praksom. Razmatranjem načina kojima bi se neetičnost mogla izbjeći, došlo je do razvoja “3R” načela (akronim za tri pristupa koja bi se trebala provoditi pri istraživanjima na laboratorijskim životinjama), a to su: smanjenje/racionalizacija uporabe laboratorijskih životinja (engl. Reduction), načelo njihove zamjene (engl. Replacement) i poboljšanje uvjeta uzgoja, smještaja i skrbi za životinje (engl. Refinement). Većina je alternativnih testova toksičnosti još uvijek u postupku validacije. Pojedini in vitro testovi za istraživanja embriotoksičnosti (etički posebno osjetljivo područje) koja su priznala nadležna regulatorna tijela, su EST (engl. Embryonic Stem cell Test), WEC (engl. Whole- Embryo Culture) i MM (engl. MicroMass) test. Standardizacija protokola i uvođenje novih in vitro modela predstavlja važan segment napretka u toksikološkim istraživanjima. Znanstvena budućnost tu vidi mogućnost razvoja i implementacije načela etičnosti u istraživanja primjenjujući sustave koji će promišljeno i bez korištenja živih organizama dijelom nadomjestiti metode u biomedicini, veterinarskoj medicini, biotehnologiji i užem smislu - toksikologiji i farmakologiji.
Microbiological and physicochemical quality of honey in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Landeka Viktor , Cvrtila Željka , Kozačinski Lidija , Drmać Maja , Sesar Ana , Aljičević Mufida
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the microbiological and physico-chemical quality of honey samples, sampled for the event “Honey Days in FB&H 2020”, which tested a total of 33 samples of different honey types from different geographical areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physico-chemical properties and microbiological properties of the tested honey to assess quality. The submitted samples originated from both administrative units of B&H, namely from the continental, sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean part, covering more than 60% of the country’s territory. Of the total number of analysed samples (n=33), nine samples (29.7%) did not meet the requirements of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the test. The requirements of one or more quality parameters according to the national Ordinance on methods for the control of honey and other bee products in B&H (Anonymous, 2009) were not met by five samples (16.5%). Four samples (13.2%) did not meet the microbiological quality, as they exceeded the permitted number of yeasts and moulds. In five samples (16.5%), the presence of microorganisms was recorded within the tolerance limits, while Enterobacteriaceae and sulphite-reducing clostridia were not isolated and were below the detection limit in all samples. Honey samples in which the results were found to be unsatisfactory for physico-chemical parameters and microbiological parameters cannot be correlated.
Hiperadrenokorticizam u pasa I dio: Definicija, klinička slika i laboratorijski nalazi
Authors: Kiš Ivana , Kučer Nada , Potočnjak Dalibor , Prvanović Babić Nikica , Efendić Maša , Jurkić Krsteska Gabrijela , Matijatko Vesna , Krizman Anđela , Brkljačić Mirna
Published: January 2022

Hiperadrenokorticizam, često nazivan još i Cushingovim sindromom, je jedna od najčešćih endokrinopatija u pasa karakterizirana kliničkim i kliničkopatološkim manifestacijama kronično povišene koncentracije kortizola u krvi. U veterinarskoj se medicini ova bolest može javiti kao posljedica davanja visokih doza kortikosteroida koji se najčešće koriste u terapiji imunoposredovanih i/ili alergijskih bolesti. Ovaj oblik naziva se ijatrogenim hiperadrenokorticizmom. Spontano se bolest u pasa javlja najčešće kao posljedica bolesti hipofize (tzv. o hipofizi ovisan hiperadrenokorticizam: PDH) pri kojoj dolazi do povećanja sinteze i izlučivanja ACTH ili tumora kore nadbubrežne žlijezde (tzv. o adrenu ovisan hiperadrenokorticizam: ADH) koji obično proizvodi povećane količine kortizola. U rijetke uzroke hiperadrenokorticizma ubraja se i povećana proizvodnja kortizola ovisnu o hrani te ektopična sinteza ACTH. Hiperadrenokorticizam je bolest odraslih i starijih pasa, i u medijan dobi – od 7.-9. godine. Za pojavu prirodne bolesti ne postoji spolna predispozicija iako neki autori smatraju da je moguća blaga predispozicija ženki za razvoj ADH. Prisustvo HAC-a je opisano u većine pasmina, a najčešće obolijevaju male terijerske pasmine, pudli, jazavčari, bigli, kovrčavi Bišoni, standardni gubičari, foksterijeri, njemački ovčari, labrador retriveri, australski ovčari, bokseri i bostonski terijeri. Najčešće prisutni klinički znaci hiperadrenokorticizma su: poliurija i polidipsija, polifagija, povećanje tjelesne mase, povećanje abdomena, endokrine alopecije, mišićna slabost i dahtanje. Kao rjeđi simptomi se javljaju povećanje jetre, letargija, smanjeno podnošenje tjelesnih napora, anestrus u kuja ili atrofija testisa u mužjaka, miotonija, hipertenzivna retinopatija i/ili neurološki deficiti. Od dermatoloških znakova uz tipične bilateralno simetrične nepruritične alopecije na trupu mogu se javiti i stanjena koža, gubitak elasticiteta, lako ozljeđivanje sa stvaranjem modrica, komedoni, strije, kalcinoza kože i sporo cijeljenje rana. U laboratoriju se u hematologiji najčešće zapažaju stresni leukogram s limfopenijom i eozinopenijom, blaga do umjerene neutrofilija i/ili monocitoza, blaga policitemija i/ili trombocitoza. Biokemijske promjene koje se najčešće javljaju uz HAC su: povišenje aktivnosti alkalne fosfataze, povišene koncentracije kolesterola i triglicerida, blaga hiperglikemija i povišenje aktivnosti alanin aminotransferaze. U tijeku analize urina najčešće se mogu utvrditi snižena specifična težina mokraće (hipostenurija) i proteinurija. U pacijenata sa sekundarnim diabetes mellitus-om glukozurija, a također su u pacijenata s HAC-om česte su i urinarne infekcije bez prisustva znakova upale. Što je veći broj kliničkih simptoma i laboratorijskih nalaza koji su kompatibilni s HAC-om to je snažnija sumnja na ovu bolest te će se prije pristupiti daljnjim dijagnostičkim postupcima.
Novedoso método para análisis de fallas eléctricas en tableros electrónicos utilizando la matriz GASE en la industria electrónica de Mexicali
Authors: Mendoza Muñoz Ismael , Montoya Reyes Mildrend Ivett , Ceballos Corral Juan , Vargas Bernal Olivia Yessenia , Lopez Padilla Gustavo
Published: January 2022

La presencia de fallas eléctricas en las placas electrónicas fabricadas en la industria electrónica provoca grandes pérdidas económicas incluso con equipos y máquinas sofisticados en las áreas de fabricación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la aplicación de la matriz GASE (Guía, Análisis, Solución y Evaluación), junto con el sistema de detección automatizada de componentes electrónicos que se utilizan en telefonía celular. El estudio constó de tres fases: (1) evaluación de las principales causas de presencia de fallas eléctricas con el diagrama de Ishikawa, (2) diseño y aplicación de la matriz GASE para detectar tableros electrónicos defectuosos y (3) análisis de operatividad de la electrónica fabricados como nuevos productos de mercado de la industria de las telecomunicaciones. La investigación se realizó de 2018 a 2019. Con el análisis del diagrama de Ishikawa se determinaron las principales causas, siendo la más relevante la falta de formación de los trabajadores, ya sea para actividades manuales o automatizadas.
Gestión de residuos de construcción y demolición, para mitigar el impacto Ambiental y preservar nuestros recursos naturales: Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Muñoz Pérez Sócrates Pedro , Bayona Reyes Marco Junior , Yovera Santisteban Julio Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Muchos países han progresado en el aspecto constructivo, se habla de las grandes obras que se ejecutan como los enormes rascacielos, entre otras construcciones, pero no se habla de los impactos negativos al medio ambiente que estos generan. Uno de los principales generadores de impacto negativo que generan las construcciones son los Residuos de Construcción y Demolición (RCD), estos son arrojados en lugares no autorizados, como son descampados, ríos, terrenos abandonados, etc., solo pocas veces son arrojados en botaderos autorizados. El objetivo de esta investigación es revisar las gestiones que realizan los diferentes países, con el fin de minimizar el impacto que estos generan, mediante un análisis descriptivo y una recopilación documental de los años 2015 - 2020; teniendo como muestra a las diferentes investigaciones a través de 29 artículos científicos, siendo 12 de estos de la base científica de Scopus y 17 de ScienceDirect,  los cuales datan de medidas políticas de supervisión, plantas procesadoras, incentivos a empresas recicladoras, reutilización de residuos con distintas metodologías, etc., destacando la importancia ecológica que comprende reutilizar los residuos mediante dichas gestiones que son para el bien del ambiente, ya que así se puede preservar los recursos naturales que día a día son explotados. Realizando un análisis exhaustivo se determina que tanto las plantas procesadoras de residuos, como los otros métodos y lineamientos dispuesto por los gobiernos van actualizándose constantemente y todos conllevan a un mismo fin, reciclar.
Supervised Learning Based Classification of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Hussain Arif , Malik Hassaan , Chaudhry Muhammad Umar
Published: January 2022

Detecting cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the early stage is a difficult and crucial process. The objective of this study is to test the capability of machine learning (ML) methods for accurately diagnosing the CVD outcomes. For this study, the efficiency and effectiveness of four well renowned ML classifiers, i.e., support vector machine (SVM), logistics regression (LR), naive Bayes (NB), and decision tree (J48), are measured in terms of precision, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), correctly and incorrectly classified instances, and model building time. These ML classifiers are applied on publically available CVD dataset. In accordance with the measured result, J48 performs better than its competitor classifiers, providing significant assistance to the cardiologists.
A Method Based on Only Currents for Determining Fault Direction in Radial Distribution Networks Integrated with Distributed Generations
Authors: Khoa Ngo Minh , Khoa Tran Xuan
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, more distributed generations (DGs) are connected to a radial distribution network, so conventional overcurrent relays cannot operate correctly when a fault occurs in the network. This study proposes a method to determine the fault direction in a three-phase distribution network integrated with DGs. The obtained pre-fault and fault currents are utilized to extract their phasors by the fast Fourier transform, and the phase angle difference between the positive-sequence components of the pre-fault and fault currents is used. Moreover, the method only uses the local current measurement to calculate and identify the phase angle change of the fault current without using the voltage measurement. Matlab/Simulink software is used to simulate the three-phase distribution network integrated with DGs. The faults with different resistances are assumed to occur at backward and forward fault locations. The simulation results show that the proposed method correctly determines the fault direction.
Frig Dönemi Mutfak Eşya Formlarının Sofra Seramikleri Türünde Endüstriyel Uygulamaları
Authors: PARLAK Demet , ŞEKERCİ Haldun
Published: January 2022

Seramik, insanlık tarihinin yerleşik hayata geçişinden itibaren kap, kacak, pişirme kapları ve saklama amaçlı olarak hazırlanmış ürünlerdir. Bu ürünler M.Ö. 6000’li yıllardan günümüze kadar gelişme göstermiş ve günümüze kadar teknolojinin de yardımıyla birçok alanda kullanılacak bir malzeme çeşidi haline gelmiştir. Mimari alandan, müzik aletlerine, sanattan inanca, savunma sanayinden, ileri teknoloji ve tıp alanına kadar birçok alanda kullanılan seramik, sofra seramiği alanında da geçmişten günümüze birçok dönemde gelişme göstermiştir. Değişen kültür yapıları, gelenekler ve yaşam standartları bu alanda özellikle form üzerinde birçok değişikliğe neden olmuştur. Yapılan bu araştırmada, genel tarama modellerinden ilgili literatür taranması ile nitel yöntemlerden yararlanılmış, Frig dönemi mutfak eşyası formlarının seramik ürünleri üzerinden örnekler verilerek yeni tasarım çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre; seramiğin keşfinden bugüne kadar geçen süreçte M.Ö. 1200 yılında Hititlerin yıkılmasıyla kurulan Frigler, diğer alanlarda olduğu gibi seramik alanında da önemli bir merkez haline gelmiştir. Bu döneme ait yapılan kazılarda zoomorfik vazolar, altlıklar, çeşitli testi, tabak, kâse, kupa ve vazo türlerinden oluşan bazı eşyalar ele geçirilmiş, mutfak eşyası olarak kullanılan seramik kaplar dekorlu ve düz renk olarak üretilmiştir. Frigler döneminde yapılan sofra seramiği formları kullanım şekillerine göre araştırılmış ve on adet yeni model çalışması yapılarak sekiz adet yeni tasarım, günümüz teknolojisine uygun seri üretimi yapılabilecek modeller haline getirilmiştir.
Dynamical behavior of the strong dispersive nonlinear wave equation
Authors: Kodzha Mehmed
Published: January 2022

In this paper we consider the dynamical behavior of solutions near explicit self-similar solutions for a strong dispersive nonlinear wave equation. First we construct explicit self-similar solutions, then we investigate dynamical behavior of the solutions near to the self-similar solutions.
Método Blended Learning en las competencias matemáticas
Authors: Caballero Flores Magali Soledad
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar investigaciones que realizaron sobre el método Blended Learning en el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas en los estudiantes de secundaria.

Se utilizó el método de revisión sistemática, consultando 107 artículos de repositorios abiertos, filtrándose 44 por criterios de inclusión y exclusión. De los 63 restantes se excluyeron 20 por criterios de calidad y se descartaron 11, quedando al final seleccionados para revisión y extracción 32 artículos. Los artículos seleccionados ponen en evidencia que el Blended Learning es una herramienta idónea para el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas, sin embargo, es necesario que los docentes tengan destrezas y habilidades digitales para poder hacer uso. Por otro lado, el Blended Learning en una consecuencia del avance de las TIC, y de la digitalización de la sociedad e individuos, por ello, el Blended Learning no solo contribuye a las competencias de matemática y otras materias, sino a desenvolverse en el mundo digital donde se desempeñara el futuro ciudadano, sin embargo es importante que los profesores tengan competencias en entornos virtuales
The Perceptions and knowledge of Physiotherapist regarding exercise and joint health in India
Authors: Kang (PT) Dr. Jaspreet Kaur , Vyas (PT) Neeta
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

A physiotherapist plays a key role in assessing, monitoring, educating and prescribing exercise for RA.  A few previous surveys across the goble  emphasized on the  lack of evidence to guide physiotherapist recognizing the early signs of RA, in knowledge of disease course, and in evidence-based interventions and therefore the ability to manage an individual with RA over the course of the disease. The study aims to investigate physiotherapists’ current practice in specific disease-related Knowledge and clinical skills required managing people with RA and extent to which they promote physical activity and exercise.

 

METHOD:

A cross-sectional national e-survey was sent to physiotherapists regarding their confidence in managing RA patients. Questionnaire Data developed from previous literatures included the following details: years of clinical experience, current RA clinical caseload, and professional qualifications, primary clinical area of practice, relevant treatment options in established or newly diagnosed cases and management goals.

 

RESULT:

A total of 478 physiotherapist responses were received.84% agreed to the fact that exercises does play an important role in joint health promotion. Almost 70% strongly agreed to factor that FIIT principal has to be taken in consideration while prescribing exercises. Approximately 48% were familiar with Index that measures disease activity and ACR-preferred tools for functional status assessment in RA. Moreover, 98% were having a clear perspective of different guidelines of management in RA and Osteoarthritis (OA).While considering the choice of treatment physical activity and educational advice were more preferred as compared to the modalities or manual therapy.

 

CONCLUSION:

The present practices are in lines with the current guidelines for RA management, but still most of them never prescribed high-intensity exercise and lacked knowledge of when to advice appropriate splints/orthoses. Even the recommendations regarding splints were not clear. So, there's a requirement to develop education and training for constantly upgrading physiotherapists within for the promotion of physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Comparison of Gait parameters among the adults (18-24) with and without flatfoot – A Cross sectional study
Authors: Fulewale Nayan , Anap (PT) Dr. Deepak
Published: January 2022

Background: Flat foot is a common deformity in which the medial longitudinal arch is eliminated or reduced, subtalar joint is pronated and the calcaneus achieves valgus position under- weight bearing conditions. Any feet disorder can alter the biomechanics of the entire lower limb. The aim of the study was to compare the gait parameters (Cadence, stride length, step length and pace) among the adults (18-24) with and without flat foot.
Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study with 3 months duration. Total 56 young adults (18-24) with and without flatfoot were recruited with purposive sampling method. the categorization of the type of arch using Arch-Height index. The Outcome measures were Gait parameters (cadence, distance walked in one minute, speed, step length, stride length) which were noted by pedometer of Smart watch and stride length, step length by using formula using cadence and distance findings. Result: Comparison analysis was done by using unpaired t-test. On comparison of various Gait parameters between normal and flat foot individuals such as cadence (p=0.7), distance walked in one minute (p= 0.96), speed (p=0.78), step length (p= 0.98), stride length (p= 0.92), there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is no difference in gait parameters between flatfoot and normal foot.
Variations in shoulder and pelvic girdle alignment in patients with stroke: A Cross sectional study
Authors: Shaikh (PT) Dr. Salim Babulal , Ganvir(PT) Dr. Suvarna
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Shoulder and pelvic girdle plays an important role in day to activities of life. In patients with Stroke, one side affection of these girdles pose a major challenge in rehabilitation. However, there is scanty literature about the variations in alignment of girdles in patients with stroke. Aim: This study is aimed to analyse the abnormal changes in the Scapular, Acromion, Mastoid, Pelvis alignment in patients with stroke, as a baseline data. Methodology: An observational study of Scapular, Acromion, Mastoid, Pelvis alignment in stroke survivors was conducted in a Tertiary care hospital. Stroke survivors were recruited from the Physiotherapy unit of VPMH hospital, Ahmednagar. Patients were included between the age group 30 to 70 yrs., Patients with unilateral stroke, patients with acute, subacute & chronic stroke and able to stand with or without support. A palpation meter is used to measure the Scapular, Acromion, Mastoid, Pelvis alignment in stroke survivors.  Results: When measured scapular protraction, people after stroke showed more protracted scapulae than the healthy individuals (mean 1.28> 0.42, P= <0.0001).  Scapular height discrepancy (mean 1.50>0.55 P= 0.0003), PSIS alignment (mean 0.52>0.07 P= <0.0001) and Acromioclavicular joint alignment (mean 2.28>0.45 P= <0.0001) shows more significant difference found in stroke survivors group than the Healthy individuals Conclusion: Our results indicate that people after stroke, in comparison with age-matched healthy comparison subjects, have altered Scapular, Acromioclavicular and pelvic alignment as evaluated by palpation meter.

Keywords: Stroke, Shoulder alignment, Pelvic alignment, Palpation Meter
Evaluation of recovery of oxygen saturation and rate of perceived exertion in different body positions after submaximal exercise test in normal healthy individual
Authors: Mukund Shubhangi , Kolase (PT) Dr. Reshma
Published: January 2022

Background: Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin in blood. Normal oxygen saturation level in humans are 95-100 percent.  Breathlessness is an unpleasant sensation of rapid or difficult breathing. The reason behind the subject experiencing breathlessness is that the body demands more oxygen than it supplies. Thus this study is conducted to Evaluate Recovery of Oxygen saturation and Rate of perceived exertion in different body positions after submaximal exercise testing in normal healthy individuals.
 Methodology: It was Pre and Post Study Design with 6 months duration including 40 healthy students recruited by purposive sampling method. The outcome measure was Recovery of Oxygen saturation and rate of perceived exertion.
Result – Using the Paired t test, this shows that fastest recovery of oxygen saturation occurs in prone position that is within 1 min (99±0.96) than supine within 3 min (99±0) than upright sitting within 3 min (99±0) and fastest recovery of rate of perceived exertion occurs in prone position that is within 1 min (0.825±0.99) than supine within 3 min (0±0) than upright sitting within 3 min (0±0).
Conclusion - From the present study we evaluate the Recovery of oxygen saturation and RPE in supine, prone, upright sitting position and we found that the fastest recovery of oxygen saturation and Rate of perceived exertion occurs in prone position than supine and upright sitting position after submaximal exercise testing in normal healthy individual.
A DOR NO MUNDO PANDÊMICO
Authors: FANTINATI da Silva MARIA CLEUNICE
Published: January 2022

Minha poesia discorre o mundo da pandemia... Seus versos são pobres, Moram na vulnerabilidade.
O ARQUEÓLOGO
Authors: Barros José D'Assunção
Published: January 2022

Poema
LITERATURA PÓS-COLONIAL E HISTÓRIA POLÍTICA DE ANGOLA E NIGÉRIA: A FICÇÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Vagner de Oliveira Adilson
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho estabelece um diálogo entre as narrativas literárias pós-coloniais africanas, tendo como enfoque principal a política e sua forma de representação literária em obras ficcionais. Em termos metodológicos, foram utilizados os procedimentos de literatura comparada, proposto por Tânia Carvalhal (2006), em que se analisaram produções literárias de Nigéria e Angola, evidenciando como a história política dos dois países foram representados em cada romance. As obras analisadas foram Hibisco Roxo (2011) e Meio Sol Amarelo (2008) de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie e O Planalto e a Estepe (2009) de Pepetela.
Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis Caused by Francisella Tularensis
Authors:   Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon, K Kabbara Wissam , Fansa Maha-Sarah ,   School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
Published: January 2022

Purpose: A rare patient case of a diabetic foot osteomyelitis caused by Francisella tularensis is presented. Summary: A 69-year-old Caucasian female was admitted for the treatment of diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Her past medical history included type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, hypothyroidism, hyperuricemia and thyroidectomy. Empiric antimicrobial therapy consisting of clindamycin 600mg i.v. every 8hrs and impanel/cilastatin 200 mg i.v. every 6hrs hours was initiated immediately after admission. During her hospitalization, a pus sample from the infection site was taken for culture which showed a gram negative microorganism: Francisella tularensis. The strain was resistant to all the antibiotics tested with the exception of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam and colistin. After culture results, the treatment regimen was changed to piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5g i.v. every 12hrs and ciprofloxacin 400mg i.v. every 12hrs. The patient continued to receive both antibiotics during hospitalization for 9 days with noted clinical improvement. The patient was discharged on piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5g i.v. every 12hrs and oral ciprofloxacin 500mg every 12hrs to complete a total duration of 6 weeks. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of a diabetic foot osteomyelitis caused by Francisella tularensis.
A review on breast cancer in Iraq and future therapies insights
Authors: Alrawi Nawfal
Published: January 2022

Cancer is one of the most common diseases around the world and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type among Iraqi women, as it represents the highest percentage of malignant tumors in women until 2018. Therefore, women should be aware of the aggravation of this disease, the importance of the periodic examination for early detection for breast cancer, and following the most appropriate means for the treatment to get recovered and, thus, to reduce mortality. To fight cancer, there is an urgent need to search for new effective anticancer therapies that alter the molecular biology of tumor cells, stimulate the immune system, or specifically deliver chemotherapy factors directly to cancer cells without affecting normal cells and reducing the side effects of treatments. In this context, this paper aimed to highlight the therapeutic approaches used in the current researches of breast cancer treatment. Accumulated evidence showed that medicinal plants extracts, virotherapies, and nanomaterials can serve as anticancer agents. The proposed mechanisms were discussed and presented in this review.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Grape Seed Extract
Authors: J. Siva Jyothi , S. Bhavya Sri , T. Hasan Shaik , Y. Samson , P. Jawahar Babu
Published: January 2022

In the present investigation, preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of diethyl ether, methanol and aqueous
Grape seed extracts were examined. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of active ingredients such as flavonoids,
phenols, terpenoids, saponins in Grape seed extracts. The antibacterial activity was performed by agar-well diffusion method using
different solvent extracts. Three bacterial pathogens such as gram positive- Streptococcus pyogenes and gram negativePectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas putida were used as test organisms. Among the three solvents used methanolic extract
was found to be more active against tested pathogenic bacteria, as they showed potential phytochemical constituents. Among all the
tested organisms Streptococcus pyogenes was found to be more sensitive by all the extracts. The results of present study supports
the usage of Grape seeds and also suggests that methanolic grape seed extract possess compounds with antimicrobial property that
can be used as antimicrobial agent for the therapy of infectious diseases caused by pathogens.
Cannabis: Joints of Mental Illness
Authors: H. B Nandini. , C Yashaswini. , A. M Harsha.
Published: January 2022

With the increasing push to legalise cannabis in western nations there is an estimation that the potential impact of this policy change
on vulnerable population such as those with mental illness, including schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. Cannabis is the most
likely used illicit drug worldwide. Cannabis sativa is an important herbaceous species originating from central Asia which has been
used in folk medicine. Despite the widespread use of cannabis among young people little research attention has been given to the
development of pscyhometrically sound measures specific to cannabis related problems. The laws governing cannabis are evolving
worldwide are associated with changing pattern of use. Patients with a serious mental illness often use cannabis at higher rates than
the general population. Cannabis may induce or exaberate a number of mental health problems. The main psychoactive drug in
cannabis is ?9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabidiol, a non-toxicating cannabinoid found in some forms of cannabis, may offset
some of these acute effects. Chronic use of cannabis is associated with psychiatric, respiratory, cardiovascular and bone effects. It
also has oncogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects, all of which depend upon dose and duration of use. The present article mainly
reviews about the association between cannabis and mental health.
Ethnopharmacological Review of Traditional Medicinal Plants Found as an Astounding Remedy to Anemia
Authors: MS Divya Sree , S Rajasekaran
Published: January 2022

Iron deficiency is the predominant cause of anemia, which is a recurrent type of nutritional problem. Medicinal herbs have proven to
be efficient in the treatment of a variety of ailments in developing countries, including anemia. Anemia is generally treated by
hematinics in the form of tablets, capsules and syrup and sometimes injection. Long term intake of hematinics produces some side
effects like Gastritis, tooth staining, etc. Many medicinal plants have the ability to treat anemia. Sorghum bicolor stem bark,
Brillantasia nitens leaves, Tectona grandis, and Allium ascalonicum are just a few of the plants that have traditionally been used to
treat anaemia. The current review aims to list out such medicinal plants along with their ethnopharmacological status in treating
anemia.
Effect of Organogelator Concentration on Gelation Kinetics and Drug Release Behaviour of Paracetamol-Loaded Soybean Oleogels
Authors: Ash Dipanjana , Majee Sutapa Biswas , Biswas Gopa Roy
Published: January 2022

Organogelators induce 3-D networked structures in apolar solvent molecules via cross-linking of non-covalent self-assembled
aggregates below the gelation temperature. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of different Span
40 concentrations on gelation kinetics and drug release behaviour of topical soybean oleogels. An inversely proportional relationship
was observed between gelation time, melt flow index and concentration of Span 40 in soybean oleogels. Gompertz model was
employed on gelation kinetics data to determine organogelator and oil parameters which are assumed to be associated with thermal
stability and gel flexibility respectively. Formulation OGS2 (18% W/V Span 40) formed less viscous, thermally stable and presumably
more flexible oleogel compared to other formulations. Nearly ideal zero-order release of paracetamol was achieved from OGS*2
following Fickian diffusion. However, slow drug release profiles, higher t50 values were observed with oleogels having 20-24% w/v
Span 40 which followed Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion.
Effects of Pruning Dose and Type on Trunk Movement in Tropical Storm Winds
Authors: Gilman Edward , Grabosky Jason , Jones Scott , Harchick Chris
Published: January 2022

We built a machine with a propeller capable of generating 33.5 m/s (75 mph) winds to determine the influence of pruning dose and American National Standards Institute A300 pruning type on trunk movement of Quercus virginiana ‘QVTIA’ PP #11219, Highrise® at various wind speeds. Trunk movement was regressed against wind speeds and pruning doses for each tree tested. Increasing wind speed increased trunk movement, and the magnitude of the increase depended on pruning dose and pruning type. Increasing pruning dose reduced trunk movement and the magnitude of the reduction was greater at higher wind speeds. The predicted trunk movement of thinned trees was statistically greater than movement of structurally pruned, raised, and lion’s tailed trees at wind speeds of 20.1 m/s (45 mph) and was greater than all pruning types at 26.8 m/s (60 mph). There was no difference in movement among reduced, raised, structurally pruned, and lion’s tailed trees; and there were no statistical differences in trunk movement among pruning types at the lower wind speeds. We found that thinning the outer edge of the crown was one of the least effective pruning types for reducing trunk movement in wind.
Attitudes of Residents Toward Street Trees on Four Streets in Toledo, Ohio, U.S. Before Removal of Ash Trees (Fraxinus spp.) from Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)
Authors: Heimlich Joseph , Sydnor T. Davis , Bumgardner Matthew , O’Brien Patrick
Published: January 2022

Toledo, Ohio, U.S. residents on four streets in an area with mature street trees, including ash, scheduled for removal as a result of attack by emerald ash borer were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward their street trees. Toledo is in the process of removing some 5,000 trees. Large trees with a variety of summer and fall foliar characteristics were highly valued suggesting that residents would be satisfied with a mix of species rather than planting each street to a single species. The fact that their trees canopied the street was also important to residents and is characteristic of larger urban trees. Residents would be pleased if replacements were planted before removing existing trees. Flowers were not a significant concern for residents. In Toledo, as it is in many communities, the primary maintenance concern regarding trees in this survey is the potential damage to sidewalks.
A Review of Root Barrier Research
Authors: Morgenroth Justin
Published: January 2022

A review of root barrier research from the past 40 years is presented. Research has resulted from the need to minimize conflicts between the expanding roots of trees and urban infrastructure such as roads, curbs, sidewalks, foundations, and underground utilities. The history of root barriers, naming conventions, and different classes are described. The results of experiments and surveys are examined, the successes and failures of different barriers are noted, and directions for future research are suggested.
The Potential of a Chlorophyll Content SPAD Meter to Quantify Nutrient Stress in Foliar Tissue of Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), English Oak (Quercus robur), and European Beech (Fagus sylvatica)
Authors: Percival Glynn , Keary Ian , Noviss Kelly
Published: January 2022

The chlorophyll content (or SPAD meter) is a simple, portable diagnostic tool that measures the greenness or relative chlorophyll content of leaves. Compared with the traditional destructive methods of chlorophyll extraction, the use of this equipment saves time, space, and resources. The objective of this study was to establish a correlation between the leaf photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls, carotenoids) extracted in aqueous acetone, total leaf nitrogen (N) content, and chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm values with the SPAD-502 readings in sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), beech (Fagus sylvatica), and English oak (Quercus robur) leaves displaying visual symptoms of N deficiency. In addition, this study aimed to determine a critical foliar N content below which a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency occurs. Irrespective of species, high correlations were recorded between SPAD readings, total leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content, foliar N content, and leaf photosynthetic efficiency as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm values; however, a poor correlation between SPAD values and total chlorophyll:carotenoid ratios was obtained. In the case of Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, and Quercus robur, SPAD readings lower than 25 indicated impairment of leaf photosynthetic process that in turn were correlated with a foliar N content less than 1.5%, a value associated with a critical N deficiency. Results of this study indicate that the chlorophyll content SPAD-502 m potentially offers a useful nondestructive, handheld system to aid in the evaluation of tree health. However, users should be aware of the limitations of this system. Consistency in sample collection and seasonal timing may necessitate species and cultivar calibration equations to correlate SPAD values with reductions in tree vitality.
Injected Treatments for Management of Madrone Canker
Authors: Elliott Marianne , Edmonds Robert
Published: January 2022

Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii) has been experiencing a decline in the Puget Sound area, primarily as a result of a canker disease caused by the fungus Fusicoccum arbuti. Cultural methods such as prevention of stress and wounding are recommended to control canker diseases on trees. In addition to these, injected treatments can be used to protect valuable Pacific madrone trees in urban areas. An experiment testing injectable chemical fungicides and plant activators was performed on Pacific madrone trees inoculated with F. arbuti. There was little correlation between fungicidal activity in culture and canker reduction in the field tests. Two treatments that were effective in minimizing canker growth in inoculated madrones were Arbotect® (Syngenta Crop Protection Inc., Greensboro, NC, U.S.; a triazole fungicide) and BioSerum™ (phosphorous acid). Cankers on wound inoculations were 50% smaller than the control group and no infections occurred on surface-inoculated treatments. Increased callusing was observed on cankers on trees with these treatments and the mode of action for these chemicals is probably stimulation of plant defenses rather than fungicidal action. Phosphorous acid is recommended in addition to cultural methods that improve tree vigor for high-value madrone trees in urban landscapes; however, heavily infected trees that have lost most of their crown will probably not benefit.
Experimental Tree Planting on U.K. Containment Landfill Sites: Results of 10 Years’ Monitoring
Authors: Moffat Andy , Foot Kirsten , Kennedy Fiona , Dobson Martin , Morgan Geoff
Published: January 2022

A series of experiments was set up in England in the early 1990s on five containment landfill sites engineered to modern standards to test the relative performance of 14 native and nonnative woodland tree species. This article describes the results of monitoring their survival, growth, and nutrition over a 10-year period. The experiments demonstrated that several species, notably ash, whitebeam, white poplar, and wild cherry, can usually be established on landfill sites with survival rates comparable to other brownfield sites. Despite general site infertility, growth of many tree species (for example, ash, beech, English oak, sycamore, Italian alder, silver maple, white poplar, and whitebeam) was similar to that expected on greenfield sites in the locality of the landfill sites. As well as infertility, soil droughtiness and mammal browsing were identified as limiting tree performance of particular species on some sites. After 10 years, there was no evidence of interaction with landfill containment systems or landfill gas.
Impact of Pesticides Borate and Imidacloprid on Insect Emergence from Logs Infested by the Emerald Ash Borer
Authors: Nzokou Pascal , Tourtellot Samuel , Kamdem D. Pascal
Published: January 2022

The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) was discovered on North American soil in the summer of 2002 near Detroit, Michigan, U.S., and has since spread to six states/provinces. To alleviate these costs, a method of sanitization is urgently needed. This study evaluated four different chemical sanitation methods in laboratory and field conditions. Treatments included two borate treatments, spray and dip, with concentrations ranging from 5% to 16.5% boric acid equivalents by mass and Preventol®, a technical grade imidacloprid treatment with solution concentrations ranging from 0.005% to 0.02% applied as sprays. When logs were reared indoors subsequent to treatment, the technical grade imidacloprid and the borate dip treatments reduced the infection levels significantly. For the outdoor-reared logs, only the technical grade imidacloprid had a significant effect. All chemical treatments did better under indoor rearing than they did under outdoor rearing. This has heavy implications for the development of a sanitization treatment to be used in actual applications. Observations of EAB adults after emergence indicate that borate treatments may negatively affect EAB adult health and survivability after emergence.
Comparison of Methods to Reduce Sidewalk Damage from Tree Roots
Authors: Smiley E. Thomas
Published: January 2022

Tree roots growing under sidewalks are known to crack or lift pavement often creating a tripping hazard for pedestrians. This experiment was conducted to determine the long-term effects of below- and alongside-pavement treatments on tree root development and sidewalk damage. London, U.K. plane trees (Platanus × acerifolia) were planted next to sidewalks at the Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory in Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S., in 1996. Treatments installed at the time of planting were: DeepRoot Universal Tree Root Barrier (UB18-2), vertical polyethylene sheet, gravel, Foamular® 150 extruded polystyrene, and a structural soil. The sidewalks and soil beneath them were removed in 2006. Minimal sidewalk lifting or cracking was associated with the DeepRoot barrier, gravel, and foam treatments. Vertical root barriers and foam resulted in fewer and deeper roots under the pavement. Treatments had no impact on tree diameter growth.