bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IAMAS: a century of international cooperation in atmospheric sciences
Authors: MacCracken Michael C. , Volkert Hans
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric
Sciences (IAMAS) was founded in 1919 as the Section of Meteorology
of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).
Significant advances over human history, particularly during the 19th
century, in the gathering, communication, assembly and analysis of
observations of the changing weather and in theoretical understanding of the
fundamental physical relationships and processes governing atmospheric
circulation had been driven by the need for improved weather and climate
forecasts to support the expansion of global trade, better public warnings of
extreme weather, and safer and more effective military operations. Since its
foundation, in parallel and cooperation with intergovernmental development
under the auspices of what is now the World Meteorological
Organization (WMO), IAMAS and its 10 international commissions have
provided the international organizational framework for the convening of the
general and scientific assemblies and other meetings that bring together
expert scientists from around the world to further advance scientific
understanding and prediction of the behaviour of the atmosphere and its
connections to and effects on other components of the Earth's intercoupled
geophysical system.
IAPSO: tales from the ocean frontier
Authors: Smythe-Wright Denise , Gould W. John , McDougall Trevor J. , Sparnocchia Stefania , Woodworth Philip L.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Our 21st century perspective on the oceans is due to the realization that
knowledge of them and specifically their role in earth's climate are central
to determining the future health of our planet. This present knowledge of the
oceans builds on the farsighted work of people who, over the past century,
worked to address seemingly intractable problems. The International
Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) has, over that
long time span, promoted and supported the international approach that is now
commonplace and has championed the provision of cross-cutting activities, the
value of which we now fully recognize. This paper describes the key events in
IAPSO's history and the roles played by the scientists involved.
Variability of distributions of wave set-up heights along a shoreline with complicated geometry
Authors: Soomere Tarmo , Pindsoo Katri
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The phenomenon of wave set-up may substantially contribute to the formation of devastating coastal flooding in certain coastal areas. We study the appearance and properties of empirical probability distributions of the occurrence of different set-up heights in about 80 km long section of coastline near Tallinn in the Gulf of Finland, the eastern Baltic Sea. The study area is often attacked by high waves propagating from various directions and the approach angle of waves varies largely along the shore. The distribution in question is approximated by an exponential distribution with a quadratic polynomial as the exponent. Even though different segments of the study area host substantially different wave regimes, the leading term of this polynomial is usually small (between −0.005 and 0.005) and varies insignificantly along the study area. Consequently, the distribution of wave set-up heights substantially deviates from a Rayleigh or Weibull distribution (that usually reflect the distribution of different wave heights). In about 3/4 of occasions it is fairly well approximated by a standard exponential distribution. In about 25 % of coastal segments it matches a Wald (inverse Gaussian) distribution. This property signals that very high extreme set-up events may in some locations occur substantially more frequently than it could be expected from the probability of occurrence of severe seas.
Modeling active fault systems and seismic events by using a Fiber Bundle model. Example case: Northridge aftershock sequence
Authors: Monterrubio-Velasco Marisol , Zúñiga Ramón , Carrasco-Jiménez Carlos , Márquez-Ramírez Víctor , de la Puente Josep
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Earthquake aftershocks display spatio-temporal correlations arising from their self-organized critical behavior. Dynamic deterministic modeling of aftershock series is difficult to carry out due to both the physical complexity and uncertainties related to the different parameters which govern the system. Nevertheless, numerical simulations with the help of stochastical models such as the Fiber Bundle (FBM) permit the use of an analog of the physical model that produces a statistical behavior with many similarities with real series. FBM are simple discrete element models that can be characterized by using few parameters. In this work, a new model based on FBM that includes geometrical faults systems is proposed. Our analysis focuses on aftershock statistics in space, time and magnitude domains. To analyze the model behavior a parametric study is carried out. Moreover, we analyzed the synthetic aftershock sequences properties assuming initial load configurations and suitable conditions to propagate the rupture. As an example case, we have modeled a set of real active faults related to the Northridge, California, earthquake sequence. We compare the simulation results to statistical characteristics from the Northridge sequence determining which range of parameters in our FBM version reproduce the main features observed in real aftershock series. In order to reproduce statistical characteristics of the real sequence larger πfrac values (0.85
The evolution of snow bedforms in the Colorado Front Range and the processes that shape them
Authors: Kochanski Kelly , Anderson Robert S. , Tucker Gregory E.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. When wind blows over dry snow, the snow surface self-organizes
into bedforms such as dunes, ripples, snow waves, and sastrugi. These
bedforms govern the interaction between wind, heat, and the snowpack, but
thus far they have attracted few scientific studies.
We present the first time-lapse documentation of snow bedform movement and evolution, as part of a series of detailed observations of snow bedform movement in the Colorado Front Range.
We show examples of the movement of snow ripples, snow waves, barchan dunes,
snow steps, and sastrugi. We also introduce a previously undocumented
bedform: the stealth dune. These observations show that (1) snow dunes
accelerate minute-by-minute in response to gusts, (2) sastrugi and snow steps
present steep edges to the wind and migrate downwind as those edges erode,
(3) snow waves and dunes deposit layers of cohesive snow in their wake, and
(4) bedforms evolve along complex cyclic trajectories. These observations
provide the basis for new conceptual models of bedform evolution, based on
the relative fluxes of snowfall, aeolian transport, erosion, and snow
sintering across and into the surface. We find that many snow bedforms are
generated by complex interactions between these processes. The prototypical
example is the snow wave, in which deposition, sintering, and erosion occur
in transverse stripes across the snowscape.
Past water flow beneath Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica
Authors: Kirkham James D. , Hogan Kelly A. , Larter Robert D. , Arnold Neil S. , Nitsche Frank O. , Golledge Nicholas R. , Dowdeswell Julian A.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Outburst floods from subglacial lakes beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet modulate ice flow velocities over periods of months to years. Although subglacial lake drainage events have been observed from satellite altimetric data, little is known about their role in the long term evolution of ice sheet basal hydrology. Here, we systematically map and model past water flow through an extensive area containing over 1000 subglacial channels and 19 former lake basins exposed on over 19,000 km2 of seafloor by the retreat of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica. At 560 m wide and 50 m deep on average, the channels offshore of present day Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers are approximately twice as deep, three times as wide, and cover an area over 400 times larger than the terrestrial meltwater channels comprising the Labyrinth in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. The channels incised into bedrock offshore of contemporary Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers would have been capable of accommodating discharges of up to 8.8 × 106 m3 s−1. We suggest that the channels were formed by episodic, high magnitude discharges from subglacial lakes trapped during ice sheet advance and retreat over multiple glacial periods. Our results document the widespread influence of episodic subglacial drainage events during past glacial periods, in particular beneath large ice streams similar to those that continue to dominate contemporary ice-sheet discharge.
NUSIKALSTAMAS ELGESYS – PSICHIKOS NORMA IR PATOLOGIJA
Authors: Daškevičius Konstantinas , Navickaitė Gintarė
Published: April 2019

Lietuvoje nuo XX amžiaus pabaigos iki šiol išlieka stabiliai aukšti nusikalstamumo rodikliai, o pagal įvykdomų homicidų ir kalinčių asmenų skaičių Lie­tuva daug metų lyderiauja tarp Europos Sąjungos šalių. Šios tendencijos negalima susieti vien su po­litiniais, ekonominiais ar demografiniais pokyčiais, vykstančiais mūsų visuomenėje. Šiame straipsnyje, remiantis apžvelgtų literatūros šaltinių duomenimis, pateikiamos įvairios mokslinės nusikalstamo elgesio koncepcijos, kurių pagalba siekiama paaiškinti įvyk­domų deliktų motyvaciją. Straipsnyje taip pat atkrei­piamas dėmesys, kad tarp asmenų, turinčių psichikos sutrikimų, reikšmingiausiais nusikalstamo elgesio rizikos veiksniais yra ne tik kliedesiai, haliucinaci­jos, bet ir afektiniai sutrikimai (depresija ar manija).
Reading Practices of EFL Students: A Survey of Kuwaiti College Students
Authors: Chaudhry Abdus Sattar , Al-Adwani Amel
Published: April 2019

Reading is important for students by contributing significantly to success in their studies and their career development. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in the English Department of the College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET), in Kuwait. Based on 410 responses of EFL college students in Kuwait on their reading practices, it was found that students read mainly for entertainment, and reading does not appear to be a popular activity among students. Fiction, fashion, and best sellers were the three main types of reading, indicating that academic reading was not a priority. Only a small proportion of students used e-books. Most students perceived such features of e-books as their portability and ability to store more information as likely to attract more students to e-reading, and indicated that they would be attracted to reading e-books themselves if circumstances change. This indicates a good potential to promote e-reading among students if steps are taken to make e-books and e-readers available to them through libraries and academic institutions. E-reading is also expected to become more popular among students if it could be linked to academic reading, particularly to the availability of text books in e-format. Libraries in Kuwait should start more proactive program to promote e-books and e-reading among college and university students.
Views of Teachers and Hostel Matrons on the Landscape of Substance Abuse Amongst the Youth in the Northern Region of Namibia
Authors: Ananias Janetta Agnes , Makhubele Jabulani Calvin , Hasheela Miriam Winnie , Hamuse Tiberia Ndanyakuwa Ilonga , Freeman Rachel Johanna , Mafa Prudence , Matlakala Frans Koketso , Chilwalo Beatrice Namoonga , Rapholo Selelo Frank , Svinurai Anesu
Published: April 2019

AIM: This research project aimed at exploring the views of secondary school teachers and hostel matrons on the landscape of substance abuse amongst the youth at a border town situated in the northern region of Namibia.

METHOD: In this qualitative study, in-depth interviews were conducted with secondary school teachers and hostel matrons, selected by means of a purposive sampling method from five schools representing state schools and private schools. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Namibia’s ethical approval committee, whilst permission to conduct the study was obtained from the Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture, Namibia.  Participation was voluntary and based on informed consent.

FINDINGS: The themes identified in the study were amongst others; the types of substances used by the youth, the use of substances on school premises and easy access/availability of substances.

CONCLUSION: The study concluded that substance abuse seems to be normalised in the community because of the excessive availability of alcohol in the community. The need for law enforcement and law reform as well as prevention programmes at all levels of society is highlighted.
Analiza porównawcza wybranych narzędzi automatyzujących tworzenie prezentacji danych w oknie przeglądarki
Authors: Król Karol
Published: April 2019

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki testów eksploracyjnych, którym poddano wybrane aplikacje sieciowe pozwalające w sposób zautomatyzowany generować w oknie przeglądarki różnorakie wykresy danych. Temat ten wybrano z uwagi na rosnącą liczbę aplikacji internetowych, które umożliwiają użytkownikom bez wiedzy specjalistycznej tworzenie komponentów witryn, rozszerzające ich funkcjonalność. The paper presents results of exploratory tests on selected web applications that allow in an automated way to generate various data graphs in a browser window. This subject was chosen due to increasing number of web applications enabling users without specialized knowledge to create components extending websites functionality.
Historicizing Distinctions
Authors: Undurraga Beltrán ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2019

This article expands Patchen Markell’s (2011) seminal problematization of The Human Condition by examining the impact that the modern developments in science and technology had on Arendt’s signature categories. Whereas Markell is interested in the systematic “architecture” of the book, I attempt to historicize Arendt’s distinctions in light of the story she tells about science and technology. From the invention of the telescope to the splitting of the atom, technoscience has provoked shifts in the hierarchies within the vita activa; spawned new varieties of “labor,” “work,” and “action”; and blurred the traditional boundaries between “nature” and the “human world.” These reconfigurations draw the contours of a new, “modern world” that is different from the world whose story and conceptual tradition Arendt set out to articulate. Largely as a result of the activities of science and technology, the experiences that informed the categories of the “Western tradition” correspond to a world that is no longer our own.
Moisture sorption isotherm and thermodynamic properties of jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) powder made from jamun pulp and seed
Authors: Dey Paul Indira , Das Madhusweta
Published: April 2019

The present work aimed to: i) find the suitable proportion, based on sensory evaluation, of microwave-convective hot air dried jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) pulp and seed kernel powder to be mixed for the preparation of jamun powder (JP); ii) generate and model the moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) of JP; and iii) estimate net isosteric heat of sorption (qst), spreading pressure (Φ), net integral enthalpy (Qin), and net integral entropy (Sin). To formulate JP, the proportion (w/w, db) comprising 2% kernel and 98% pulp powder was the most desirable. The Peleg model was the best fit to MSI of JP. The qst decreased following linear relationship from 11.02 kJ. mol−1 at 5% equilibrium moisture content (EMC) to 0.27 kJ. mol−1 at 30% EMC. The Φ increased with increase in water activity and decreased with increase in temperature from 25 oC to 35 oC, and the values of Φ at 45 oC were even higher than at 25 oC. Net integral enthalpy (Qin) initially decreased till 6% moisture content in JP and displayed an increasing trend with further increase in moisture content. On the contrary, Sin kept on decreasing continually with increasing moisture content. The moisture zone of 7-11% was considered safe for storage of JP within the temperature range of 45-25 oC.
Use of response surface methodology (RSM) for composite blends of low grade broken rice fractions and full-fat soybean flour by a twin-screw extrusion cooking process
Authors: NAHEMIAH DANBABA , Nkama Iro , Halidu Badau Mamudu
Published: April 2019

In this study, seventeen (17) composite blends of broken rice fractions and full-fat soybean, formulated using response surface methodology and central composite design within a range of barrel temperatures (100-140oC), initial feed moisture content (15-25%) and soybean composition (8-24%), were extruded with a twin-screw extruder and the expansion and color indices were optimized. The results indicated a significant (p<0.05) effect of extrusion conditions on the responses. Fitted predictive models had coefficients of 88.9%, 95.7%, 97.3%, 95.4% and 95.2%, respectively, for expansion index, bulk density, lightness, redness and yellowness. The p-value and lack-of-fit tests of the models could well explain the observed variability and therefore could be used to establish production setting for the twin-screw extruder. The optimum extrusion conditions were found to be 130 oC (barrel temperature), 20% (feed moisture level) and 23% feed soybean composition and optimum responses in terms of bulk density, expansion index, lightness, redness and yellowness chroma indices were 0.21 g cm−3 , 128.9%, 17.1, 3.13 and 24.5, respectively. This indicates that optimum conditions can be established in twinscrew extrusion cooking of broken rice fractions and full-fat soybean composite blends that can result in product of low bulk and maximum expansion with a satisfactory light yellow product color that can be used to produce products that valorize broken rice and reduce qualitative postharvest loss.
Study of the self-stabilization ability of Tzatziki (a traditional Greek ready-to-eat deli salad)
Authors: Lalas Stavros , Athanasiadis Vassilis , Karageorgou Ioanna , Bozinou Eleni , G. Dourtoglou Vassilis
Published: April 2019

Traditional Greek yogurt-based salad Tzatziki is one of the most popular ready-to-eat deli salads in Greece. The objective of this study was to estimate the microbial stability of Tzatziki, with and without chemical preservatives, using a rapid method. Determination of the microbial count was carried out using the bioluminescence method (ATP) and traditional microbiological analysis, plate-counting method (CFU) in various batches of the final product of Tzatziki. The results showed that the Tzatziki salad without preservatives initially gave higher relative light units (RLU) values (79,532) than the same salad with preservatives (43,198) because the potassium sorbate and the sodium benzoate, used the in recipe, appeared to suspend the action of microorganisms. After incubation in two different substrates, MacConkey and Sabouraud, the Tzatziki salad without preservatives gave higher RLU values (9,488 and 16,176, respectively) than the salad with preservatives (12,780 and 12,005, respectively). In the two selective substrates, differences appeared between the two methods of microbial count (RLU and CFU). While RLU values were roughly at the same level, the CFU values presented significant differences (p < 0.05). It was also shown that there was a strong correlation (R 2 = 0.93-0.95) between bacterial counts estimated by traditional CFU and ATP methods. As expected, the dominant microbial population in Tzatziki was Lactobacillus spp., originated from yogurt. Coliforms and yeasts were not able to survive in this environment. Generally, according to the results, Greek traditional Tzatziki salad was a microbial stable product and the bioluminescence method could be a rapid method to determine its microbial state. 
Moisture sorption isotherm and thermal characteristics of freeze-dried tuna
Authors: Shafiur Rahman Mohammad , Al-Khusaibi Mohammed , Abbas AL-Farsi Kutaila , Mohamed Al-Bulushi Ismail , Abushelaibi Aisha , Al-Habsi Nasser
Published: April 2019

Water activity is considered an important factor in assessing the stability of food. Understanding the relationship between water activity and equilibrium moisture content (moisture sorption isotherm) benefits food processing in terms of modeling of drying and estimation of shelf life. In addition, glass transition helps to quantify molecular mobility which helps in determining the stability of food. The aim of this study was to determine the moisture sorption isotherm and thermal characteristics of freezedried tuna. These characteristics will help in determining the monolayer moisture and glassy state of the product, at which food is considered most stable. Moisture sorption isotherm at 20 oC and thermal characteristics (over a wide temperature range i.e. from -90 to 250 oC) of freeze-dried tuna flesh were measured. Isotherm data were modeled by BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) and GAB (GuggenheimAnderson–De Boer) models. The GAB and BET monolayer water values were determined as 0.052 and 0.089 g g−1 dry-solids (dry-basis), respectively. In the case of samples at moisture contents above 0.10 g g−1 (wet basis), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) thermograms showed two-step state changes (i.e. two glass transitions), one exothermic peak (i.e. molecular ordering) and another endothermic peak (i.e. solids-melting). However, the sample at moisture content of 0.046 g g−1 showed three-step state changes (i.e. three glass transitions). The multiple glass transition could be explained by the natural heterogeneity of tuna flesh and inhomogeneity due to molecular incompatibility of the different compositions. The moisture content did not affect the first glass transition temperature nor the exothermic peak (p>0.05), whereas the third glass transition temperature decreased (i.e. plasticized) with increasing moisture content (p<0.05). The solids-melting peak temperature decreased, and enthalpy increased with decreasing moisture content (p<0.05).
Antioxidant indices and amino acid composition of phenolic containing Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) after simulated human gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: O. Salawu Sule , M. Folorunso Oluwaseun , A. Akindahunsi Akintunde , A. Boligon Aline
Published: April 2019

The present investigation was designed to characterize the phenolic profile of Lima beans (Phaseolus Lunatus) and also to evaluate the antioxidant indices: total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and amino acid composition at different stages of simulated gastrointestinal digestion (oral, gastric, intestinal). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-DAD) analysis revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin), with a reduced amount (mg/g) after cooking: gallic acid (raw: 1.96 ± 0.02; cooked: 1.82 ± 0.01); catechin (raw: 0.83 ± 0.01; cooked: 0.73 ± 0.01); rutin (raw: 2.61 ± 0.03; cooked:1.74 ± 0.03); quercitrin (raw: 5.73 ± 0.01; cooked: 5.68 ± 0.01); apigenin (raw: 2.09 ± 0.01; cooked: 1.79 ± 0.02), with exception of quercetin (raw: 2.11 ± 0.02; cooked: 5.73 ± 0.02) and caffeic acid (raw: 2.08±0.04; cooked 2.95 ± 0.04). The results of the antioxidant indices of in vitro enzyme digested lima beans revealed higher values for cooked Lima beans compared to the raw counterpart, with a stepwise increase at the different stages of in vitro digestion, with the exception of ferric reducing antioxidant power; TPC (oral digestion: 65.44 ± 0.96; gastric digestion:134.87 ± 0.46; intestinal digestion: 517.72 ± 4.70; mg/g tannic acid equivalent), TFC (oral digestion: 199.30 ± 6.43; gastric digestion: 1065.97± 1.22; intestinal digestion: 3691.87 ± 4.2; mg/g quercetin equivalent), DPPH (oral digestion: 85800.00 ± 305.50; gastric digestion: 99066.66 ± 115.47; intestinal digestion: 211354.20 ± 360.84; µmol TE/g sample). The results also revealed a progressive increase in the antioxidant indices and amino acid composition (mg/kg) for both raw and processed lima beans at various stages of the in vitro digestion, with the intestinal phase of simulated digestion ranking higher. This implied that the Lima beans contained some essential amino acids and antioxidant molecules that would be readily available after passing through the gastrointestinal tract and could therefore be explored as functional food in the management of free radical mediated diseases.
Desgastada pero aún efectiva: examinando los datos de audiencia de la franja electoral presidencial chilena (1999-2017)
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Uribe Rodrigo , Buzeta Cristian ,   Universidad de Chile, Manzur Enrique ,   Universidad de Chile, Pefaur Nicole ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: April 2019

La franja electoral presidencial se mantiene como una de las principales fuentes de información electoral en diversos países del mundo, aunque existe escasa investigación sobre su uso y efectividad. Este estudio examina los datos de audiencia de este espacio en Chile, evaluando su sintonía durante el período 1999-2017. Los resultados muestran que la franja electoral presidencial chilena logra niveles de audiencia que, aunque altos, disminuyen en en el tiempo (caída) y respecto de los años en los que este espacio no se emite. Los datos sugieren que esta baja es más fuerte entre los más jóvenes y con más recursos.
Los millennials como prosumers y adprosumers en las redes sociales corporativas
Authors:   Universidad de Alicante España, Martínez-Sala Alba-María , Segarra-Saavedra Jesús ,   Universidad de Alicante España, Monserrat-Gauchi Juan ,   Universidad de Alicante España
Published: April 2019

Esta investigación aborda el papel de los millennials como prosumers y adprosumers en las redes sociales corporativas. La metodología combina la revisión bibliográfica con un análisis de contenido cuantitativo. Los resultados evidencian que sí participan en este tipo de canales y que su interacción usuario-usuario y usuario-marca se incrementa en la medida en la que las organizaciones consideran los usos que hacen de ellas y las gratificaciones que esperan. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de comunicación integradas, incluyendo otros canales de gran popularidad entre los millennials, y personalizadas en función de sus motivaciones.
Social Media Live Streaming: estudio de caso y diseño de matriz de análisis
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu Fabra España, Apablaza-Campos Alexis , Codina Lluís ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra España
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo busca caracterizar el Social Media Live Streaming (SMLS) y su uso en los medios de comunicación chilenos mediante un estudio de caso que aborda las publicaciones en Periscope y Facebook Live de TVN 24 Horas, Teletrece y CNN Chile durante la segunda vuelta presidencial de 2017, gracias a un conjunto de variables con diversos indicadores. El SMLS permite tanto la emisión en directo como la recepción de retroalimentación por parte de los usuarios. Los resultados revelan, principalmente, un alto rendimiento en interacciones, el uso mayoritario de emisiones de estudio y de narraciones periodísticas para guiar los contenidos.
Cobertura del asesinato de líderes sociales en Colombia: análisis de contenido a la luz del Valor Agregado Periodístico
Authors:   Universidad de Cartagena Colombia, Osorio Matorel Emy Paola
Published: April 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados finales de la aplicación de un análisis de contenido a un corpus noticioso sobre asesinatos de líderes sociales en Colombia para medir y analizar su calidad periodística de acuerdo a los postulados del Valor Agregado Periodístico (VAP). El estudio se centró en el contenido de tres medios nativos digitales colombianos, La Silla Vacía, Razón Pública y Verdad Abierta, y contempló como período desde agosto de 2016 hasta agosto de 2017. Los resultados arrojaron que los tres medios de comunicación seleccionados hicieron una cobertura del fenómeno social de alta calidad de acuerdo a las cuatro variables de estudio seleccionadas.
Según el favor del viento. Paisajes sonoros en el cine brasileño: de Rocha a Mascaro
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires - Universidad Nacional de las Artes - CONICET Argentina, Kratje Julia
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza comparativamente los films Barravento (1962), primer largometraje de Glauber Rocha, emblemático del Cinema Novo, y Ventos de agosto (2014) de Gabriel Mascaro, del Novíssimo Cinema Brasileiro. El foco puesto en el viento busca pensar los modos de figurar la relación entre el cine y lo político. Estas dos películas capturan el rumbo del viento desde dimensiones opuestas –la violencia o la vacuidad, la tempestad o la brisa arremolinada– que permiten ensayar una reflexión sobre las formas de lo sensible a partir de las dinámicas de lo imperceptible
El relato tiembla. Narrativas fracturadas contemporáneas en el cine de Alejandro Amenábar y Pedro Almodóvar
Authors:   Universitat Jaume I España, Sorolla-Romero Teresa
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza diversas obras del cine español contemporáneo como integrantes de una tendencia experimental de la complejidad audiovisual contemporánea: las llamadas puzzle films o mind-game films. Para resolver qué discurso subyace a su desestructuración en el caso español, analizamos fragmentos clave de Abre los ojos (1996), Los otros (2001), La mala educación (2004) y La piel que habito (2010). Concluimos que los principales malestares que emergen son el terror a no distinguir entre realidad y ficción, la desconfianza hacia la tecnología que condiciona la subjetividad y el olvido de la propia culpa.
El cine digital en Chile y Latinoamérica: genealogías de un cambio en la cultura audiovisual del nuevo milenio
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Gainza Cortés Carolina , Bongers Wolfgang ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: April 2019

En este artículo buscamos revisar hitos del cine digital latinoamericano y chileno que experimentan con las tecnologías digitales, con énfasis entre los años 2000 y 2017. Sostenemos que la principal transformación se observa en la ruptura con la linealidad y las nuevas formas de interacción con el usuario/espectador, lo que deriva en una experiencia estética diferente. Así, nuestro recorrido transita desde la transmedialidad y las diferentes formas de remediación, donde el elemento principal de experimentación es el propio medio, hasta obras audiovisuales que experimentan con el lenguaje de código para obtener obras que son imposibles de trasladar a los formatos antiguos
La representación contemporánea de la alteridad. Llorenç Soler, un cineasta en los márgenes
Authors:   Universitat Ramon Llull España, Bría Carlos , Aran-Ramspott Sue ,   Universitat Ramon Llull España
Published: April 2019

Llorenç Soler merece mayor reconocimiento por su rol primordial en el cine documental, como testimonio crítico sobre la sociedad española contemporánea, y por la reactualización del sentido del audiovisual respecto de la construcción social del Otro, en tanto que alteridad. En el marco de la sociología de la comunicación y la antropología dialógica, se aplica una metodología cualitativa de análisis fílmico a tres obras emblemáticas en los márgenes de la hibridación entre ficción y documental. Los resultados indican la vigencia de su discurso autoral en la función subjetiva del documental como territorio de la poética sobre lo real
Festivales de cine y procesos de internacionalización del cine chileno reciente
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Peirano María Paz
Published: April 2019

Este artículo da cuenta del proceso de internacionalización del cine chileno de la última década en relación con los festivales internacionales de cine. A partir de una investigación etnográfica multi-situada realizada durante este período, el texto analiza cómo ciertas prácticas de internacionalización de la producción y circulación del cine chileno reciente se han institucionalizado con el fin de posicionarlo como un cine-arte global gracias a la articulación de políticas locales con tendencias globales del cine contemporáneo. Se enfoca en la participación de profesionales chilenos en el circuito de festivales, discutiendo los modos en los que estos eventos facilitan la internacionalización de cinematografías pequeñas y periféricas como la chilena.
Antenna Theory
Authors: Davis William A. , Stutzman Warren L.
Published: November 2024

Antenna theory provides the backbone of analysis for antennas and allows the system designer to identify basic properties of antennas to complete a system design. This article provides the foundation concepts of antennas and focuses on the radiation properties and methods for characterizing antennas. Critical components include impedance, gain, beamwidth, and bandwidth as needed for communications systems. In order to predict the limits of antenna size and bandwidth, the fundamental limits of antennas are summarized. A short introduction to the concepts of ultrawideband antennas is also provided. A system designer must incorporate the parameters of the antennas developed in this work into a full analysis of a communication system to complete the design.
Phase Shifters
Authors: De Flaviis Franco
Published: November 2024

A microwave phase shifter is a two‐port device capable of producing a true delay of a microwave signal flowing through it. The produced time delay can be fixed or adjustable, and the phase shifter is accordingly called fixed phase shifter or tunable phase shifter. The geometry of the phase shifter is intimately related to the guiding structure that is used to design it and is also related to the operational frequency. Most phase shifters are realized in waveguides or in planar structures. Electrically, a phase shifter can be characterized by its scattering parameters matrix.
Radio Broadcast Studio Equipment
Authors: Lowery Walt
Published: November 2024

This article attempts to describe the state of the art in equipment and standards of engineering practice. Broadcasting technology now provide a digital signal path from the audio source to the transmitter.

The broadcast engineer can now build a studio using source material from digital audio storage devices mixed on a totally digital console. The console could become a
touch‐screen controlled computer. The all‐digital processing system has arrived.

Retooling to provide the new technology in hardware challenges the equipment industry. New names are emerging and some of the industry leaders are fading from vogue as they fall behind the pace of changing technology. Pressure will be on broadcast engineers also to educate themselves in order to provide competitive product to their listeners and viewers.
Coplanar Waveguide Components
Authors: Simons Rainee N.
Published: November 2024

Hybrid couplers and magic TS form the basic building blocks of balanced amplifiers, up/downconverters, frequency multipliers, and feed network of printed‐circuit antennas. The manufacturing of these components will be tremendously simplified if they are realized using uniplanar transmission lines such as coplanar waveguides. This article presents the design considerations for reduced‐size uniplanar hybrid coupler, magic‐T, and aperture‐coupled printed antennas.
Lattice Matching Anchoring of Hole‐Selective Molecule on Halide Perovskite Surfaces for n‐i‐p Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Tianhao , Raju Telugu Bhim , Shang Juan , Wu Lifang , Song Jun Tae , Senevirathne Chathuranganie A. M. , Staykov Aleksandar , Wang Shenghao , Ida Shintaro , Shibayama Naoyuki , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Matsushima Toshinori , Guo Zhanglin
Published: November 2024

Exploiting the self‐assembled molecules (SAMs) as hole‐selective contacts has been an effective strategy to improve the efficiency and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Currently, research works are focusing on constructing SAMs on metal oxide surfaces in p‐i‐n PSCs, but realizing a stable and dense SAM contact on halide perovskite surfaces in n‐i‐p PSCs is still challenging. In this work, the hole‐selective molecule for n‐i‐p device is developed featuring a terephthalic methylammonium core structure that possesses double‐site anchoring ability and a matching diameter (6.36 Å) with the lattice constant of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite (6.33 Å), which facilitates an ordered and full‐coverage SAM atop FAPbI3 perovskite. Moreover, theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that compared to the frequently used acid or ester anchoring groups, this ionic anchoring group with a dipolar charge distribution has much larger adsorption energy on both organic halide terminated and lead halide terminated surfaces, resulting in synergistic improvement of carrier extraction and defect passivation ability. Benefiting from these merits, the efficiency of PSCs is increased from 21.68% to 24.22%. The long‐term operational stability under white LED illumination (100 mW cm−2) and at a high temperature of 85 °C is also much improved.
Judicious Molecular Design of 5H‑Dithieno[3,2‑b:2′,3′‑d]Pyran‐based Hole‐Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Kun‐Mu , Lin Chia‐Hui , Chang Chia‐Chi , Yang Ting‐Yu , Chiu Wei‐Hao , Chu Wei‐Chen , Chang Ya‐Ho , Li Sie‐Rong , Lu Shih‐I , Hsieh Hsiao‐Chi , Liau Kang‐Ling , Hu Chia Hui , Chen Chih‐Hung , Liu Yun‐Shuo , Chou Wei‐Chun , Lee Mandy M. , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Tao Yu‐Tai , Lin Yan‐Duo
Published: November 2024

The structural modification of hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) is an effective strategy for enhancing photovoltaic performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a series of dithienopyran (DTP)‐based HTMs (Me‐H, Ph‐H, CF3‐H, CF3‐mF, and CF3‐oF) is designed and synthesized by substituting different functional groups on the DTP unit and are used fabricating PSCs. In comparison with Me‐H having two methyl substituents on the dithienopyrano ring, the Ph‐H having two phenyl substituents on the ring exhibits higher PCEs. Notably, the incorporation of trifluoromethyl groups in CF3‐H endows the molecule with a larger dipole moment, deeper HOMO energy level, better film morphology, closer molecular stacking, more efficient defect‐passivation, enhanced hydrophobicity, and better photovoltaic performance when compared with the Ph‐H counterpart. Furthermore, the HTMs of CF3‐mF and CF3‐oF, which feature fluorine‐substituted triphenylamine, demonstrated excellent film‐forming properties, more suitable energy levels, enhanced charge mobility, and improved passivation of the buried interface between HTMs and perovskite. As a result, PSCs employing CF3‐mF and CF3‐oF gave impressive PCEs of 23.41 and 24.13%, respectively. In addition, the large‐area (1.00 cm2) PSCs based on CF3‐oF achieved a PCE of 22.31%. Moreover, the PSCs devices with CF3 series HTMs exhibited excellent long‐term stability under different conditions.
Turning the Surface Electronic Effect Over Core‐Shell CoS2─FexCo1‐xS2 Nanooctahedra Toward Electrochemical Water Splitting in the Alkaline Medium
Authors: Lyu Lian‐Ming , Chang Yu‐Chung , Li Han‐Jung , Wang Pei‐En , Juang Ruei‐Hung , Lu Ming‐Yen , Li Cheng‐Shiuan , Kuo Chun‐Hong
Published: November 2024

The long‐term challenge in overall water splitting is the conflict in the pH condition of electrolytes for achieving efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the same time, in addition to the typical cost issue in catalysts. It hence raises an intense research interest in seeking cost‐efficient non‐noble metal electrocatalysts as well as compromising electrolyte conditions for electrocatalytic HER and OER. To tackle the problems, various approaches are demonstrated to engineer the electronic effect on the active sites of catalysts for enhancing the activities. In this work, the core‐shell CoS2─FexCo1‐xS2 nanooctahedra is fabricated with a tunable Fe content over the surface and took them as the model catalyst for systematic studies in alkaline OER and HER. By various X‐ray spectroscopies as well as electron microscopy, the results showed that the shells of CoS2─FexCo1‐xS2 nanooctahedra formed the {111} surfaces of Fe0.9Co1.0S2 and Fe0.25Co0.75S2 with and without the promotion by OH− anions during the syntheses. Catalyzed by the CoS2, Fe0.25Co0.75S2, and Fe0.9Co1.0S2 {111} surfaces, the results of alkaline OER and HER indicated the Fe0.9Co1.0S2 the most superior activities by virtue of the optimized Fe─Co electronic effect. From the predictions by density functional theory (DFT) calculations in reaction thermodynamics, the energy barriers in OER and HER both follow the order of Fe0.9Co0.1S2(111) < Fe0.25Co0.75S2(111) < CoS2(111). However, FeS2(111) is worse than Fe0.9Co0.1S2(111). From the confirmations by in‐situ X‐ray spectroscopies in reaction kinetics, the Co sites of Fe0.9Co0.1S2(111) on the core‐shell nanooctahedra exhibited much higher activities than those of CoS2(111) under the applied potentials for OER and HER, which reflected the electronic benefits from the existing Fe neighbors.
Development and Initial Validity Evidence for a Pregnancy Disclosure and Options Counseling Checklist in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Preiksaitis Carl , Beshar Isabel , Dobiesz Valerie , Frisch Stacey , Henkel Andrea , Rider Ashley , Saxena Monica , Gisondi Michael A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Many patients first learn of a pregnancy in the emergency department (ED). However, limited ED physician knowledge in pregnancy disclosure and options counseling may contribute to challenges in patient care and potential missed opportunities for timely access to reproductive care. No standardized instruments exist to teach or assess this important communication skill for the ED physicians. This study aimed to develop and collect validity evidence for a checklist for effective pregnancy disclosure and options counseling by ED physicians in an environment with unrestricted access to comprehensive reproductive care.

Methods

A prospective checklist creation and validity evidence collection study was conducted, involving literature review, expert input through a modified Delphi process, and pilot testing with ED faculty and residents at an urban academic medical center. We structured the validity evidence collection process using Messick's criteria for construct validity, addressing content, response process, internal structure, and relations to other variables. Data analysis focused on collecting validity evidence, including inter‐rater reliability and participant performance assessment based on faculty or resident status.

Results

The study resulted in a final 17‐item checklist for pregnancy disclosure and options counseling in the ED. Pilot testing with 20 participants (eight faculty members and 12 residents) revealed high overall inter‐rater reliability with almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.81) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88). Checklist scores showed no significant difference across standardized patients, indicating consistency. Faculty members outperformed residents, suggesting concurrent validity based on levels of clinical experience.

Conclusions

Preliminary validity evidence supports the use of this novel checklist to assess physician competency in pregnancy disclosure and options counseling in the ED. Given the frequency of new pregnancy encounters in the ED and the dynamic changes to pregnant patients’ reproductive rights, enhancing physician education in these areas is critical for optimizing patient care and autonomy.
Rice Haun stage estimation based on mechanistic and machine learning methods
Authors: Lei Guoqing , Zeng Wenzhi , Yu Jin , He Jie , Liu Shenzhou , Shao Xinxin , Ren Zhipeng , Gaiser Thomas , Srivastava Amit Kumar
Published: November 2024

Haun stage (HS), a continuous numerical phenological indicator of cereal crops, is widely used in agronomic management. However, few models have been developed to estimate HS considering the diverse environmental and agronomic influences. In this study, a dataset comprising 2350 HS observations of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (Longjing31 and Suijing18) and variables including planting spatiotemporal information, transplanting day of year (TDOY), accumulated air temperature (AcTem), and remote‐sensing vegetation indices (VIs) were collected from 226 field plots. Two mechanistic phenology models, Streck and Phyllochron, and three machine learning (ML) models, including the generalized linear model (GLM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and deep learning (DL), were developed to predict the HS with different combinations of inputs. The results indicate that three ML models outperformed two mechanistic models, even when using simple spatiotemporal data, the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) decreased by more than 0.023. Especially for GBM and DL models exhibiting similar prediction accuracy (RRMSE from 0.0336 to 0.0543), GBM performs relatively better when VIs are included as input factors. The relative error density distributions (REDDs) of estimated HS in the three ML models were relatively spread out when using limited predictive information of spatiotemporal and VIs, especially during the late rice growth stage and for the Suijing18 cultivar. The inclusion of crop cultivar information enhanced the consistency of REDD, and either VIs or (TDOY, AcTem) provided sufficient information for accurate HS estimation. These findings can provide valuable insights for crop phenology estimation and agronomic practices under varying environments.
Depth‐of‐Discharge Dependent Capacity Decay Induced by the Accumulation of Oxidized Lattice Oxygen in Li‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathode
Authors: Zhang Kang , Chen Yilong , Zhu Yuanlong , Zheng Qizheng , Tang Yonglin , Yu Dongyan , Liu Qirui , Luo Haiyan , Yin Jianhua , Zeng Linhui , Jiao Wen , Liu Na , Wang Qingsong , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Jing , Wang Yongchen , Zhang Baodan , Yan Yawen , Huang Huan , Shen Chong‐Heng , Qiao Yu , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: November 2024

More and more basic practical application scenarios have been gradually ignored/disregarded, in fundamental research on rechargeable batteries, e.g. assessing cycle life under various depths‐of‐discharge (DODs). Herein, although benefit from the additional energy density introduced by anionic redox, we critically revealed that lithium‐rich layered oxide (LRLO) cathodes present anomalously poor capacity retention at low‐DOD cycling, which is essentially different from typical layered cathodes (e.g. NCM), and pose a formidable impediment to the practical application of LRLO. We systemically demonstrated that DOD‐dependent capacity decay is induced by the anionic redox and accumulation of oxidized lattice oxygen (On−). Upon low‐DOD cycling, the accumulation of On− and the persistent presence of vacancies in the transition metal (TM) layer intensified the in‐plane migration of TM, exacerbating the expansion of vacancy clusters, which further facilitated detrimental out‐of‐plane TM migration. As a result, the aggravated structural degradation of LRLO at low‐DOD impeded reversible Li+ intercalation, resulting in rapid capacity decay. Furthermore, prolonged accumulation of On− persistently corroded the electrode‐electrolyte interface, especially negative for pouch‐type full‐cells with the shuttle effect. Once the “double‐edged sword” effect of anionic redox being elucidated under practical condition, corresponding modification strategies/routes would become distinct for accelerating the practical application of LRLO.