bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state of postgraduate support for young teachers in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zolotareva A. V. , Mukhamediarova N. A. , Kharisova I. G. , Khodyrev A. M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article presents the findings of a study on the state of postgraduate support for young teachers in various regions of the Russian Federation. This research has identified the difficulties, challenges, crises, and barriers that these individuals face when entering the profession.

Aim. The present research aims to examine the current state of postgraduate support and retention of young teachers in the Russian Federation, as assessed by the teachers themselves, heads of educational organisations, and instructors from higher education, secondary vocational, and additional vocational education institutions.

Methodology and research methods. The methodological foundation of this study is grounded in anthropological, acmeological, systemic, and reflexive-activity approaches. The research is based on an analysis of information regarding the organisation of postgraduate support for young teachers in various types of educational institutions, which was obtained through a survey. A total of 1,103 respondents from 10 regions of the Russian Federation participated in the empirical study.

Results. As a fundamental principle in establishing a support system, most respondents emphasise the importance of adhering to priority tasks within the field of education. This reflects their understanding of the significance of the issue at hand, as well as principles related to targeting, individualisation, and the orientation of support aimed at addressing the challenges faced by young teachers. Most respondents advocate for evaluating the effectiveness of initiatives aimed at young teachers based on criteria such as their satisfaction with professional development outcomes and a reduction in the turnover rate of young teachers within the first few years of their careers. Furthermore, both teachers and administrators are generally well-informed about the resources available to support young educators and largely agree on their potential effectiveness. They also recognise that the support of young teachers is a manageable process, involving the active participation of many teachers and administrators. Additionally, young teachers themselves play an active role in organising this support.

Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the generalisation of existing trends and issues, the identification of priority tasks, principles, directions, and methods for establishing a system of postgraduate support and retention for young teachers in the profession.

Practical significance. The results obtained can be utilised to design a support system for young teachers, including those in postgraduate programmes, while considering the unique characteristics of various types of educational organisations.
Doğum Sonrası Algılanan Sosyal Desteğin Travmatik Stres ve Depresyon Düzeyi Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Cin Befrin , Bayri Bingol Fadime
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu dönem, anne ve bebeği için yaşamlarındaki en kırılgan dönemdir. Doğum sonrası dönem, bir kadının yaşamında desteğe en çok ihtiyaç duyduğu dönemlerden biridir. Araştırma doğum sonrası primipar kadınlarda sosyal desteğin, travmatik stres ve depresyon düzeyine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu araştırma Şubat-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında Diyarbakır/Silvan’da 302 kadınla yürütülmüştür. Veriler Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, City Doğum Travma Ölçeği (CityDTÖ), Edinburgh Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verileri analizinde Statistical Package for Social Sciences” (SPSS) istatistik programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalamasının 25,4±4,1 (18-44) olduğu, bebeklerinin yaş ortalamasının 8,3±2,2 (6-12 ay), evlenme yaşı ortalamasının 22,6±3,8 (15-35) ve eğitim yılı ortalamasının 11,3±3,9 (1-18) yıl olduğu saptandı. CityDTÖ’ne göre %15,3 (n=46) kadının Travmatik Stres Bozukluğu tüm tanı kriterlerini karşıladığı ve %10,3’ünün (n=31) depresif belirtilerinin olduğu belirlendi. Bu çalışmada, doğum sonrası sosyal desteği iyi olan kadınların travmatik stres ve depresyon düzeyinin daha düşük olduğu, ayrıca kadınların travmatik stres düzeyi arttıkça depresif belirti sıklığının arttığı görülmüştür (p
The Views of Primary School Teachers and Parents on Homework at the Primary School Level
Authors: Uğraş Hilal
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine primary school teachers and parents' views on homework at the primary school level. The research was conducted using a phenomenological design and qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of 27 primary school teachers, who were working in various public schools, and 31 parents of primary school students, all from a province in Türkiye during the 2023–2024 academic year. The research was conducted with the appropriate sampling technique, which is within the scope of purposeful sampling techniques. The researcher created semi-structured interview forms to collect the research data. The researcher used content analysis to describe the research data. The data analysis revealed six main themes that pertain to the opinions of primary school teachers, and five main themes, categories, and codes that reflect the opinions of parents. The study's results revealed that primary school teachers frequently assigned homework to students to reinforce and practice their learning. Parents' support is crucial for the academic, affective, social, and behavioral benefits that homework offers students. The study's results show that parents have positive and negative judgments about homework and assume motivating, guiding, and supervising roles during homework assignments.
Fundamental Ontology and Esoteric Metaphysics: How to settle the Question
Authors: Hofweber Thomas
Published: December 2024

How can we settle whether key metaphysical questions should properly be stated by relying on a substantial notion of metaphysical priority, like grounding or being metaphysically more fundamental than? Relatedly, how can we settle whether ontology should properly be seen as the disciple that studies either what there is or else only what there is fundamentally? Which way of thinking about ontology brings out its proper metaphysical significance? One challenge to giving notions like grounding or fundamentality key roles in metaphysics is that these notions are insufficiently clear, and that metaphysics tied to them turns into esoteric metaphysics. To make progress on these issues I propose a particular challenge—the cognitive function challenge—that needs to be met for metaphysics based on a substantial notion of priority not to turn into objectionable esoteric metaphysics. I also outline some reasons why other approaches that aim to establish such notions as legitimate for metaphysics fall short and how the cognitive function challenge might be met.
Scepticism About Neo-Aristotelian Essences
Authors: Curtis Benjamin , Noonan Harold
Published: December 2024

Many philosophers today accept the broadly Aristotelian view that one can explain de re necessary properties by invoking essence. These ‘Neo-Aristotelian essentialists’ hold that a property F is an essential property of x iff specifying F gives a correct answer to the Aristotelian ‘what is x?’ question. We are sceptical. According to neo-Aristotelian essentialists, essential properties are not themselves de re modal properties, but they are supposed to explain why things have their de re modal properties. Neo-Aristotelian essentialists accept the following principle (ENL): If x is essentially F, then x is necessarily F. We ask: Why? We first clarify the neo-Aristotelian notion of essence via the Aristotelian “what is x?” question. So far as we can see, the only way to do this is by appeal to the notion of a substance sortal. We then consider the notion of a substance sortal itself, and argue that there is nothing in that notion that even so much as suggests that ENL is true.
Grounding and Inference to the Best Explanation: A Novel Argument for Theism
Authors: Sijuwade Joshua
Published: December 2024

This article presents a novel argument for the existence of God based on the metaphysical concept of grounding. Using the methodology of Inference to the Best Explanation, as conceptualised by Peter Lipton, it evaluates six foundationalist theories: Trope-Theoretic Theism, Monistic Substantivalism, Pure Stuff Theory, Mereological Bundle Theory, Extended Simples Theory, and Priority-Based Structural Realism—for their ability to explain the existence of grounding relations in reality. Through rigorous internal and external assessments focusing on coherence, simplicity, unification, and evidential virtues, the paper argues that Trope-Theoretic Theism, which conceives of God as a maximal power trope, provides the most satisfactory explanation for grounding relations. This conclusion offers a new abductive argument for Theism and demonstrates the potential for productive dialogue between metaphysics and religion.
A Modal Argument for Determinism Qua Universal Necessity
Authors: Meixner Uwe
Published: December 2024

This paper states and examines a modal argument for universal necessity, that is: for the necessary truth of every true proposition. Deep issues in the metaphysics of modality are bound up with the argument, as is revealed in the attempt to defend, or refute, it.
The treatment results described in Issue No. 31 of our journal in article “Cardiometric study of the cardiovascular system performance under the influence of prolonged smoking and some other stresses”
Authors: M.Y. Rudenko , V.M. Tyutyunnik , M.P. Deberdeev
Published: December 2024

After the publication of the results of our patient’s treatment, presented in our article “Cardiometric study of the cardiovascular system performance under the influence of prolonged smoking and some other stresses” in Issue No.31 of our journal, we continued to observe the dynamics of his recovery.
Comparative evaluation of broth microdilution, E-strip and Vitek-2 for colistin susceptibility among carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter Spp and Klebsiella Spp
Authors: Basavaraju Monisha , Rao M Raghavendra , Shankaregowda Ranjitha , Mahale Rashmi , Shivappa Sowmya G , Chitharagi Vidyavathi B
Published: December 2024

Gram-negative bacterial infections that are resistant to carbapenems are a serious clinical problem. The only effective drugs against them are still tigecycline and colistin. In fact, polymyxin E, also known as colistin, has been regarded as a "last resort" antibiotic. But in recent years, colistin resistance has increased globally, significantly reducing treatment options and highlighting the significance of accurate colistin testing methods to support appropriate therapeutic decision-making. There is no requirement to cite reference in the abstract. So it is suggested to rephrase the sentence.

The primary goal of the study is to compare the effectiveness of E-test and Vitek 2 for colistin sensitivity testing to the conventional microbroth dilution method using 120 clinical isolates of and that are resistant to carbapenem over the course of a year, isolated from January to December 2019.

In comparison to Vitek-2, the results indicated that brothmicro dilution and E-test produced the narrowest range of colistin MICs. After comparing the E-test's errors and overall agreement with BMD, 100% of the Essential Agreement, 94.27% of the Categorical Agreement, and 5.72% of the Very Major Errors with no Major Errors were found. Comparing Vitek-2 with BMD, similar results were found: 1.66% MEs, 98.32% CAs, 80.99% EAs, and no VMEs.

As a result, it was determined that, in contrast to Vitek-2, MBD and E-test had distinct MICs, making them appropriate for determining colistin MIC. It will take more research on automated systems to standardize colistin susceptibility testing procedures, particularly for and .
Comparative evaluation of phenotypic methods to detect methicillin resistance with mecA gene detection by PCR in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sony S  , Haneefa Sahira , Suresh Manjusree
Published: December 2024

It is crucial to employ precise, reliable, and rapid detection methods to avoid the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs and make informed decisions regarding appropriate treatment and the execution of efficient measures to prevent infections.

: A group of 112 isolates from different clinical specimens, initially identified as using the cefoxitin disc diffusion test, underwent additional phenotypic tests such as the Oxacillin E strip and MRSA CHROM agar. These methods were then evaluated and compared with gene detection via PCR, which is regarded as the gold standard.

Of the 112 isolates identified by the cefoxitin disc diffusion test, 101 (90.2%) tested positive for the gene. The Oxacillin E strip had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 91%, while MRSA CHROM agar showed a sensitivity of 96.03% and a specificity of 82%. Among the 101 mec A-positive isolates, 44.5% met the CDC definition criteria for .

: Our study concludes that phenotypic methods, including the cefoxitin disc diffusion test, are not completely reliable in detecting methicillin resistance in According to our results, combining the cefoxitin disc diffusion test with the oxacillin E strip is an effective approach for detecting in resource-constrained settings. Given the advantages of PCR, it is recommended to perform PCR for gene detection on a regular basis to identify strains in important clinical specimens.
Impact of multi-modal learning workshop on awareness and knowledge of health care providers about waste management in India
Authors: Murugesan Malathi , Joseph Lallu , Agarwal Vijay , Jayarajan Jayalakshmi , Ramasamy Jagadish , Poojary Aruna , Madhu Deepthi
Published: December 2024

Hospital waste management is crucial in preventing needle stick injuries and exposure to hazards. Adequate knowledge, appropriate safety measure, and methods of handling the wastes are more important in waste management.

: The objective of this project is to study the impact of multi-modal training workshops in improving the knowledge and awareness on biomedical waste management among healthcare workers.

An eight-hour onsite training workshop was conducted in Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Indore, and Hyderabad from July to September 2023. A validated pre and post-test questionnaire was used to assess the impact of the workshop. At the end of each workshop, responses were analyzed to study the effectiveness of the workshop and to do a gap analysis on the areas that require strategic learning. Analysis was conducted on data aggregated using the Chi-square test.

In the above analysis, the pre-test scoring of these participants was 66%. After the workshop, the post-test scoring was 83% with a significant improvement (p < 0.0001). The pre-test and post-test scores in individual regions were 63% and 78% at Ahmedabad, 71% and 86% at Kolkata, 60% and 86% at Indore, and 68% and 83% at Hyderabad respectively.

In healthcare facilities, training plays a key role in preventing health hazards for both employees and patients. Training must involve different types of learning methods tailored to the needs and capability of understanding of the participants. The effectiveness of training must be measured using appropriate tools to study the impact of the learning methods.
Enhancing neonatal sepsis detection: A comparative analysis of interleukin-6 and the BacT/ALERT blood culture system
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Saini Narendra , Kumar Gunjana
Published: December 2024

One of the main causes of newborn mortality is neonatal sepsis, which has to be diagnosed quickly and precisely. Although the Bact/ALERT method for blood culture is commonly used, it is often slow, for early identification of sepsis, interleukin-6 (IL-6) provides a quicker substitute.

: This study evaluates how well the BacT/ALERT system and IL-6 diagnose newborn sepsis, aiming to determine the most reliable and timely method for improving neonatal outcomes.

A clinician at the National Institute of Medical Sciences & Research who admitted neonates to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suspected 120 newborns of having sepsis. The inclusion criteria were satisfied by newborns between the ages of 0 and 28 days who showed clinical signs of sepsis. Exclusion criteria included infants with congenital anomalies or those who had received antibiotics before sampling.

In this study of 120 neonates, IL-6 levels were elevated in 45% of the cases, with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity 86.84%, PPV 81.48% and NPV 100% for. 36.67% of samples had bacterial growth identified by the BacT/ALERT system. In just three hours, IL-6 produced results, which was far quicker than the BacT/ALERT method.

IL-6 is a rapid, sensitive marker for neonatal sepsis, offering faster diagnosis than BacT/ALERT. Combining both methods may improve early detection and treatment outcomes. IL-6 offers rapid, high-sensitivity sepsis detection compared to BacT/ALERT, which, despite being slower, is crucial for pathogen identification. Combining both methods could enhance early diagnosis and treatment.
Students perceptions & motivation for ‘Basic Pranic Healing workshop’ and its impact on the well-being of medical students
Authors: Renjhen Prachi , Kumar Pratyush , Abhishek Kumar , Jha Ravi Prakash
Published: December 2024

Pranic Healing (PH) is an ancient energy healing method focusing on the body's energy fields. The study explores its potential positive impact on the well-being of medical students. Existing research supports the transformative effects of PH on molecular structures and overall well-being. Spiritual well-being has been linked to mental health, and the study aims to evaluate the connection between Basic Pranic Healing workshops and students' mental health in a stressful medical school environment.

This retrospective observational pilot study recruited 50 medical students through purposive sampling. Participants from Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College, Delhi, India, completed pre and post-workshop questionnaires, assessing knowledge, attitude, interest, motivation, and impact on well-being. Data were analyzed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics and relevant tests.

45 interested students participated, with a mean age of 20.78±2.09, 68.8% female. Significant improvements were observed in pre and post-workshop scores for knowledge (p = 0.00), interest (p = 0.00), and confidence (p = 0.00). Beliefs shifted positively with a final favorable perception . Participants reported a positive impact on various life domains with 56% practicing learned techniques weekly. Efficacy in healing (73.4%) and self-healing (84.4%) was notable

The Basic Pranic Healing workshop effectively enhanced participants' knowledge, interest, confidence, beliefs, and overall perceptions. Positive impacts on various life domains and high success rates in healing demonstrate the practical relevance of Pranic Healing in promoting well-being. Findings support the integration of holistic healing practices in healthcare training and personal development programs.
Formulation and in-vitro permeation kinetic studies of β-cyclodextrin complexed ketoconazole drug capped silver nanoparticles
Authors: More Sunil S , Kumaraswamy Bhargavi , Fasim Aneesa , Dinesh BM
Published: December 2024

Background: Invasive fungal infections are a growing global crisis due to environmental shifts and growing vulnerable populations. Pathogenic fungi that infect humans are developing resistance against all approved systemic antifungal drugs. Topical drug delivery systems provide a non-invasive way to distribute therapeutic substances directly to the site of action. Ketoconazole (KZ) is a BCS Class II broad-spectrum drug that is used to treat and prevent fungal infections in which Trichophyton rubrum is the main causative agent.

Materials and Methods: The present study utilizes an in-vitro model in which KZ is complexed with β-CD and then capped with AgNPs to formulate a cream and evaluated for the underlying mechanisms and amount of improved passive penetration. The formulated cream is characterized for physiochemical evaluation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), kinetic studies indicating the effective stability and encapsulation of the composite.

Results: The prepared sample was evaluated in terms of its appearance, drug content, spreadability, and viscosity. Drug diffusion through the dialysis membrane, and the findings showed the β-CD-KZ-AgNPs formulation had a significantly higher permeability than KZ alone and followed first-order kinetics with an anomalous release pattern. The higher solubility and stability of β-CD and nano-sized AgNPs resulted in improved penetration. This study investigates that β-CD-capped AgNPs can significantly enhance KZ passive penetration and diffusion, providing a potentially useful nanocarrier technology for antifungal treatment.

Conclusion: Enhancing the passive permeation and diffusion characteristics of KZ on β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD)-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) presents a viable approach for enhancing drug delivery efficiency.
1957: rock and roll, emergencia juvenil, y tecnologías en Colombia
Authors: Reina-Rodríguez Carlos Arturo
Published: December 2024

Este artículo se inscribe desde la perspectiva de la historia cultural y la micro - historia, sostenida sobre la posibilidad de hacer investigación concentrada en tiempos mínimos de investigación documental y testimonial. Tiene por objetivo observar elementos y características de una época concreta apoyadas sobre una serie discursiva previamente definida: El tiempo (1957) – las tecnologías – los jóvenes y, la música de Rock and Roll. Su eje central gira en torno a la forma como tecnologías como la Radio y el Cine, influyen sobre la cultura popular tomando como caso, las manifestaciones que se presentaron en la prensa del año 1957, respecto a la llegada del Rock and Roll al país, los debates que se tejieron y las formas como se presentaron en un momento justo, cuando se acentuaba la crisis del gobierno al final de la dictadura de Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. Este documento se apoya en un ejercicio de investigación documental que atraviesa la revisión de periódicos nacionales y extranjeros principalmente, así como la revisión de fuentes secundarias relacionadas con el tema.
Shakespeare and the Ali'i Nui
Authors: DiPasquale Theresa M.
Published: December 2024

A variety of nineteenth-century English and American texts evoke Shakespeare in descriptions of the ali'i nui, the high chiefs of Hawaii; these appropriations reveal the perspectives of haoles (Caucasian foreigners) on Hawaiian royalty and provide a point of departure for analyzing some provocative Shakespeare appropriations in the discourse of the royal Hawaiians themselves. Shakespeare allusions in texts by and about nineteenth-century Hawaiian monarchs illustrate the relationship between Hawaiian history and the English literary canon, demonstrating the ways in which the ali'i adapted European cultural commodities to indigenous uses. They also cast light on Hawaiian rulers' attempts to negotiate the American presence in Hawaii, revealing Shakespeare's place at the intersection of Hawaiian, British, and American cultural history.
V International expert forum on menopausal hormone therapy
Authors: Agababyan L.R. , Begimbekova L.M. , Vasylchenko L.А. , Gafurova F.A. , Gegechkori MA. , Grebennikova H.O. , Gromova O.L. , Dzhaimbetova A.P. , Ermolenko T.O. , Yefimenko O.О. , Zakharenko N.F. , Kopobayeva I.L. , Kosei N.V. , Kristesashvili D.І. , Mishchenko L.A. , Myrzabekova G.T. , Pedachenko N.Y. , Persoyan I.G. , Pyrohova V.I. , Reheda S.I. , Rozhkovska N.M. , Rustamova K. , Salimkhanova H.H. , Stavinska L.V. , Tatarchuk T.F. , Trokhymovych O.V. , Tutchenko T.M. , Ukibasova T.M. , Yashina O.G.
Published: December 2024

On November 23, 2023, the V International Forum of Experts on Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) was held. The Expert Council’s working group included leading experts in the field of endocrine gynaecology and related areas from Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine.The Forum experts noted the importance of dialogue and understanding between doctor and patient, the need for interdisciplinary integration between doctors of those specialties that deal with women’s health issues. Close cooperation with related specialists who provide care to women is necessary, as they are often the ones who encounter the first manifestations of menopause in patients and can therefore refer them to an obstetrician-gynaecologist in a timely manner. The experts reviewed the issue of cardiovascular risk and MHT and determined the following benefit/risk ratio for the cardiovascular effects of MHT:• MHT is not recommended for women at high cardiovascular risk or with previous cardiovascular disease;• MHT may reduce the risk of CVD-related all-cause death in women < 60 years of age and with menopause of up to 10 years;• timely initiation of MHT (in women under 60 years of age or within 10 years of menopause) has the greatest cardiovascular health benefits.The forum updated the Algorithm for prescribing MHT in premature and early menopause and addressed the management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in menopause. Since the majority of women with this syndrome are overweight and obese, they should use the most metabolically neutral drugs, i.e. those containing didrogesterone or progesterone, for MHT. MHT with didrogesterone has a favourable safety profile in relation to the most common risks of MHT: does not increase the risk of breast cancer and venous thromboembolism, has a favourable safety profile with respect to the endometrium, and does not affect metabolism.
Comparative analysis of the frequency of postoperative intrauterine adhesions with classical and modified hysteroscopic metroplasty
Authors: Kalitsynska Y.L. , Gladchuk I.Z. , Hryhurko D.O.
Published: December 2024

Background. Treatment of women with RPL-syndrome (recurrent pregnancy loss), which is caused by intrauterine septum, involves hysteroscopic metroplasty. However, the main drawback of these methods is the risk of formation of the intrauterine adhesions in 35–50% of patients in the postoperative period. Modern methods of preventing the formation of postoperative intrauterine adhesions are not always effective.Objectives. To conduct a comparative analysis of the postoperative intrauterine adhesions frequency after proposed and traditional electrosurgical hysteroscopic metroplasty. Materials and methods. 138 patients with primary miscarriage (RPL-syndrome) and/or premature birth who had intrauterine septum and were operated on between 2016 and 2021 participated in the study. The main group consisted of 88 patients aged 27.52 ± 1.59 years who were performed hysteroscopic metroplasty according to the proposed modified technique. The comparative group consisted of 50 patients at the age of 28.21 ± 1.65 years that get surgical treatment according to the classical method of hysteroscopic metroplasty. The effectiveness of operations was evaluated using the «Menstrual blood loss assessment» scale (order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 353 dated 04/13/2016), the 2D/3D ultrasound method, and second-look hysteroscopy data.Results. In the main group, unlike the comparison group, postoperative hypomenorrhea was 3 times less frequent and ultrasound signs of adhesions were 2.2 times less frequent; intrauterine adhesions were detected 25% less often according to second-look hysteroscopy (p < 0.05).Conclusions. The modified technique of hysteroscopic metroplasty in comparison with the traditional technique of surgery in women with RPL-syndrome helps to reduce the frequency of postoperative intrauterine adhesions by 25%. The obtained results are preliminary and require further research.
Features of steroid hormone levels in girls with menstrual cycle disorders and mental health disorders
Authors: Dynnik V.O. , Dynnik O.O. , Verhoshanova O.H. , Matkovska T.M. , Sheludko O.Y. , Havenko H.O.
Published: December 2024

Objectives of the study: to investigate the peculiarities of the steroid hormone status in girls with menstrual function disorders, depending on comorbid psychopathology.Materials and methods. A total of 174 girls with menstrual function disorders (78 with abnormal uterine bleedings (AUB) and 96 with oligomenorrhea (OM)) were examined. The diagnosis of psychopathology was determined based on the clinical presentation at the time of examination. The comparison group consisted of 35 girls with a normal menstrual cycle.The laboratory examination included the assessment of estradiol, testosterone, cortisol (C), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels. The C/DHEA-S ratio was calculated using the unprocessed raw values. Results. Menstrual function disorders are often associated with hypoestrogenemia, a prevalent phenomenon. It was observed in almost a third of patients with AUB, whereas in girls with OM this number was significantly higher. Significant reduced values are found in girls with accompanying depressive states, especially in cases of AUB and OM. In instances of AUB and OM, the number of individuals with elevated levels of testosterone increased by 1.97–2.2 times in the presence of psychopathology. DHEA-S in patients with AUB was reduced in more than half of the girls, while in patients with OM it varies evenly in both directions, regardless of the presence or absence of psychopathology. A C level were more often reduced than increased, and achieves statistical significance when OM combined with neurotic disorders and AUB combined with depressive states. The C/DHEA-S ratio, as a stress indicator, was statistically significantly elevated in patients with AUB. This may suggest more pronounced manifestations of stress in patients with AUB than in girls with OM and a higher adaptability of the girls’ bodies with OM.Conclusions. Thus, the understanding of the role of reproductive steroids in the development of menstrual function disorders during adolescence has been deepened. Distinctive features of their interrelations in the presence of psychopathology have been identified. The impact of cortisol and DHEA-S, as well as C/DHEA-S ratio, on mental well-being in endocrine-related gynecological disorders in girls has been established
Impact on the links of the mastopathy pathogenesis: a view on the pathological cascade correction
Authors: Bobritska V.V. , Strakhovetsky V.S. , Golovina O.V. , Kozub T.O.
Published: December 2024

Background. Dyshormonal diseases of the breast (DDB) are a mirror of gynecological problems and pathological conditions of the thyroid gland (TG). The herbal non-hormonal drug Tazalok, which has hormone-regulating, anti-estrogenic, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, sedative and tonic effects, was chosen as a drug for the treatment of various clinical and morphological forms of DDB.
Objectives of the study: to investigate the possibilities of optimizing the DDB treatment and to evaluate the effectiveness of phytoselective therapy with Tazalok on various pathogenic links of mastopathy, taking into account the role of the TG in the pathogenesis of DDB.
Materials and methods. The study included 140 women of reproductive age with DDB, who were divided into 4 groups depending on the morphological forms of DDB, 35 women in each: I group – fibrocystic mastopathy; group II – the predominance of the cystic component, solitary cysts of the breast; III group – predominance of the fibrous component, with expansion of the milk ducts; group IV – mastodynia without organic changes in the breast. Patients received Tazalok 45 drops twice a day for 3 months. The level of sex steroids and thyroid hormones was determined before and after treatment, an ultrasound of the breast and TG was performed, and the dynamics of the pain syndrome were evaluated using a color analog scale.
Results. A decrease in the level of estradiol to reference norms, an increase in follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, progesterone, elimination of insufficiency of the luteal phase and restoration of ovulation were noted. The ratio of estradiol/progesterone in the study groups before the start of therapy was 1.6–4.5, after treatment it was 0.12–0.08, which indicates the disappearance of hyperestrogeny, as one of the main factors of DDB. The level of prolactin decreased from 1.6 to 2.0 times compare to the indicators before therapy. Thyroid function indicators improved, morphological signs of pathological changes in the TG and breast decreased, and the level of hormones normalized.
Conclusions. Monotherapy with Tazalok is a highly effective method of treating DDB, which results in functional and organic changes in the breast, TG, reduction of pain syndrome and echographic signs of the disease.
Immunohistochemical assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor and prohibitin expression in “post-COVID” placentas: results of a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Manasova G.S. , Stasii Y.O.
Published: December 2024

Background. COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by a considerable number of morbidity cases among pregnant women. Certain knowledge has been accumulated about the histopathological features of the placenta during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specific proteomic studies of the function of the placenta are insufficient.Objective of the study: to study the perinatal outcomes of pregnancy and histopathological features of the placenta and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EFGR) and prohibitin (PHB) in the placenta in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection in comparison with data in a group of healthy pregnant women without a COVID-19 history.Materials and methods. 58 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and 40 healthy pregnant women were examined at the base of Maternity Hospital No. 2 of the Odessa City Council. A histological and immunohistochemical study of placentas was carried out for the expression of EFGR and PHB In addition to a general clinical examination. Results. A higher frequency of premature births (15.51% vs 5%) and cesarean sections (34.4% vs 12.5%) in the “post-COVID” group was revealed. Most women fell ill in the third trimester of pregnancy (65.51%). A significant difference was found in Apgar scores in the groups (6.48 ± 2.39 vs 8.05 ± 0.54 points), in the weight of newborns (3067.93 ± 620.21 g vs 3617.25 ± 354.58 g). In the placentas of the “post-COVID” group, signs of mother’s (53.45% vs 12.5%) and fetus’ vascular malperfusion (32.7% vs 15%) were detected with greater frequency; as well as hemodynamic disturbances (53.45% vs 15%). Analysis of EFGR expression in the groups showed no differences (2.96 ± 0.2 vs 2.75 ± 0.44) in contrast to PHB (1.52 ± 1.12 vs 0.25 ± 0.5), which was characterized by overexpression in the women with COVID-19. Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with certain changes in placental metabolism, and changes in the expression of placental proteins EGFR and PHB may be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the placental dysfunction development. The limited sample size requires additional research.
Features of correction of metabolic disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Bulavenko O.V. , Konkov D.G. , Taran O.A. , Furman O.V. , Klivak V.V.
Published: December 2024

Background. A significant proportion of couples worldwide suffer from infertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is characterized by increased androgen synthesis in the theca cells of the ovaries, hyperandrogenemia and ovarian dysfunction in women. Most of the clinical symptoms and altered levels of blood biomarkers in PCOS patients point to metabolic dysregulation and adaptive changes as key underlying mechanisms of disease development. Since the liver is the metabolic center of the body and participates in steroid-hormonal detoxification, pathological changes in it can contribute to endocrine disorders through the liver-ovary axis. Of particular interest is hyperglycemia, changes in secretory proteins of the liver and insulin sensitivity, which affect the maturation of ovarian follicles and can potentially lead to female infertility.Objective of the review: to provide an understanding of the new metabolic mechanisms underlying PCOS, which lead to the disease and its exacerbation, as well as to summarize therapeutic approaches to the correction of PCOS complications, in particular, liver function disorders using the drug Hepatomunil. Analysis of literary data. This review presents the relationship and underlying mechanistic basis between PCOS and metabolic disorders in women by summarizing the main pathologic features of the disease. Most symptoms of PCOS are associated with insulin resistance, type II diabetes, decreased levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, increased levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, which may indicate liver dysfunction. The metabolic profile and function of the ovaries can be affected by any pathological changes in the levels of systemic metabolism and/or in peripheral organs, in particular the liver, which serves as the metabolic center of the body, mediating its effects through the liver-ovary axis.Conclusions. Despite the lack of a clear protocol for the correction of liver function disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in PCOS patients, lifestyle modification should be the basis. Drugs that improve metabolism, as well as hepatoprotectors with immunomodulatory properties (the drug Hepatomunil) may have positive prospects for use.
Problems of access to healthcare services in the armed conflict zones
Authors: Malachinska M.I.
Published: December 2024

Background. Ongoing military conflicts in various regions of the world have a significant negative impact on women’s health, including access to health services, maternal mortality and general well-being.Objective of the review: to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted impact of war on refugee women, highlighting key areas such as physical health, mental health, reproductive health and access to basic services.Analysis of literary data. Numerous barriers faced by women in armed conflict are considered. The main problems include insufficient transport connections, financial constraints, poor quality of medical services and cultural norms. The destruction of the health care infrastructure, the lack of medicines and personnel significantly limit the availability of reproductive health care services. These factors contribute to an increase in the number of home births without qualified support, which increases the risk of maternal and child mortality. Also important is the psychological impact of war, including stress, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, which are common among pregnant women.In addition, malnutrition and environmental toxins further complicate the situation, undermining the health of women and newborns. Thus, conflict-induced food insecurity leads to malnutrition among pregnant and lactating women, causing adverse health outcomes such as anemia, low birth weight, and increased susceptibility to infections. Exposure to environmental toxins from modern weapons, such as heavy metals, poses long-term health risks to pregnant women and their babies. In particular, toxins can affect the emotional and cognitive development of children.Conclusions. This review highlights the urgent need for comprehensive health services, integrated medical and psychosocial support, and targeted interventions to address these challenges. Improving access to quality health care, ensuring food security and mitigating environmental risks are critical to improving maternal and child health.
The speech genre “gratitude” in the Altai language
Authors:   Shukshin Altai State University for Humanities and Pedagogy, Gorno-Altaisk State University, Bachimova Marina S.
Published: December 2024

This article deals with the etiquette speech genre “gratitude” in the Altai language. The article aims
to establish and describe categorical universal and nationally specific features of the speech genre “gratitude”
in the Altai language. Categorical signs of gratitude are analyzed in line with psychological, social and communicative paradigms. The article describes the national and cultural aspects of the speech genre “gratitude”
in various cultures (English, German, Chinese and Russian).
The empirical basis of the study was the utterances extracted from recordings of the spoken discourse of
the Altaians. We recorded 33 episodes of spoken discourse of native speakers of the Altai language presented
by different ages and genders living in Ulagan, Ust-Kansk, Ongudai and Kosh-Agach districts, which helped
us to record different ways of using phrases of gratitude in natural speech.
A universal property of gratitude in the Altai language is the expression of feelings to the interlocutor in
connection with their good deed. In our opinion, gratitude in the Altai culture has a similar cycle with other
linguistic cultures. You did something good – I was emotionally touched by it – I expressed my gratitude for it.
A nationally specific feature of the structure of gratitude in the Altai language is the connection with
benevolence:
You did something good/pleasant for me – I was emotionally touched by it – I thanked you – I wished
something good to you. Addressor + addressee + reason + thanksgiving + benevolence.
It is typical for the Altai people to thank the surrounding space, which shows the national and cultural
distinctness of this nation.
The article dexribes the propositional structure of gratitude in the Altai language: the length of thanksgiving (the length of phrases varies), standard and frequent phrases, rremarks used as replies, universal and free
benevolence of “alkysh”.
Conceptual Image of a rival country in analytical articles in Russian and American socio-political mass media (based on destructive metaphors)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Balashova Lyubov V. , Kirillova Kseniia I. ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2024

The article provides a comprehensive (semantic, cognitive, pragmatic, functional, discursive) analysis
of the use of destructive existential-dynamic metaphors in analytical articles in textual socio-political media
published in 2022–2024. when characterizing the rival country: in 9 Russian online-newspapers – the USA,
in 9 American online-newspapers – the Russian Federation. The research material consists of 52 metaphorical
units in 102 contexts extracted from 45 Russian articles and 45 metaphorical units in 88 contexts extracted from
49 American articles. The relevance of the topic is connected with the debatable key problems such as: the
typology of modern mass media text genres, the content-functional and linguistic features of analytical articles,
in particular, the specificity of the use of conceptual metaphors in them. The aim of the article is to identify
similarities and differences in the use of the destructive metaphors in the genre of analytical articles of Russian
and American mass media in the formation of a conceptual understanding of the politically opponent state (USA
and Russian Federation). The analysis used modern cognitive-semantic and cognitive-discursive techniques for
textual material analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that in Russian and American analytical articles
the same destructive model of metaphorization with semantically similar sources of transference formation is
regularly used. But specific situations reflected in metaphorical contexts, as well as the syntactic, semantic
and lexical compatibility of Russian and English metaphorical units, make it possible to create an individual
conceptual image of the rival country (USA and Russia) in accordance with the socio-political / ideological
political worldview of the subject of speech. Thus, it can be claimed that it is the cognitive function of
conceptual metaphors that becomes leading in the genre under study.
Structural features of narratives produced by bilingual children living in Kyrgyz Republic
Authors:   Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences, Galkina Elena V. , Krasnoshchekova Sofia V. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

The article deals with Russian-language narratives produced by bilingual children aged 4–6 year,
living in Kyrgyzstan and speaking both Russian and Kyrgyz languages. Children are developing in the situation
of «mixed bilingualism», with Russian as a dominant language. Narratives were collected using the MAIN experimental tool, which includes several sets of pictures for telling/retelling stories, standard texts for retellings,
and tables for evaluating speaking skills. In the article we consider the features of macro- and microstructure of
narratives. The macrostructural characteristics of the text are i.e. the completeness of the story itself, coherence,
story logic, verbal expression of the internal states of the characters. All our informants were able to create
a complete outline of the story, mentioning all the main episodes and involving all the main characters. The
children, however, mainly paid attention to the actually performed, really visible actions of the characters
(story elements “attempt” and “result of the action”) and less often expressed verbally internal motives, goals,
and intentions. As for the internal states, the children mainly described specific actions that they were able
to understand unambiguously (ex., they used the verbs of visual perception, mental actions and speech). They
described emotions and physical states more rarely. Characteristics of the microstructure include the length of
the text and the utterance, lexical and grammatical correctness of speech, syntactic complexity, and lexical
diversity. In the microstructure, no significant differences were revealed between children of different age
groups: children aged 5 years old, in general, coped with generating narratives more successfully than children
aged 4 and 6 years old. The errors mostly belong to the lexical and grammatical levels of the language system:
the most common errors are caused by the use of strategies that facilitate language acquisition and are typical
either for both bilingual and monolingual children (strategies of simplification and overgeneralization) or those
who acquire a second language (grammatical transfer from the first language).
Determination of Allogeneic Transfusion after Injection of Injectable Iron in Patient's Candidates for Intertrochanteric Fracture Surgery
Authors: Behnaz Faranak , Namaghi Rahmatollah Mohammadzadeh , Mohseni Gholmreza , Kafiabadi Meisam Jafari
Published: December 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the rate of allogeneic transfusion after the administration of intravenous iron in patients who are candidates for intertrochanteric fracture surgery.
Methods: Patients who were candidates for intertrochanteric surgery referred to the orthopedic surgery and trauma department of Shahada Tajrish Hospital were included in the study after providing full explanations and obtaining written consent. The 80 patients were randomly divided into control group (No: 40) and intervention (No: 40). Patients in the intervention group were prescribed 600 mg of Venofer drug by ViforCo. This is while patients in the control group were not injected with Venofer before surgery. The results were evaluated using t-test and SPSS21 software.
Results: Based on the results, the 1 hour after surgery, three indicators of systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing rate, RBC showed a significant decrease in patients undergoing intervention (P<0.05). However, the oxygenation index showed a significant increase in the patients of this group (P>0.05). Meanwhile, in the period of 1 week after the surgery, we also see a significant decrease in the two indices of average hemoglobin and PTT time in the mentioned patients compared to the control subjects (P=0.030, P=0.037). The amount of blood consumed significantly lower in the patients of the intervention group than in the control group.
Conclusion: The administration of injectable iron in patients with intertrochanteric fracture surgery candidates can improve some of the patients' clinical indicators in addition to a significant reduction in allogeneic blood transfusion