bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
W. E. B. Du Bois, double consciousness and the ‘spirit’ of recognition
Authors: Meer Nasar
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this article is to unpick and explore Du Boisian ideas of minority consciousness and double consciousness, to elaborate why they are of value, and to situate them in relation to the Hegelian phenomenology. The article shows that while an understanding of Hegel’s master–slave dialectic is helpful in grasping how Du Bois conceives of the power held by a dominant group to afford status, Du Bois was keenly aware that no less important was the ability to invoke complicity or use coercion in denying recognition. To this end the article refuses the view that Du Bois straightforwardly adopted a Hegelian approach in a manner that minimises how this aspect of Du Bois’ work also reflected remarkable intellectual originality. The article goes on to demonstrate how Du Bois’ concept presents sociology with something of normative category that captures the dual character of unrecognised minority subjectivities and their transformative potential, alongside the conditions of impaired status that are allocated to racial minorities.
Conviviality, disability and design in the city
Authors: Bates Charlotte
Published: April 2018

Weaving together observations and insights from ethnographic research gathered over two years, this article considers how design and everyday life intertwine to create convivial places, but also pauses to take in the moments when tensions rise and conviviality fails. To illustrate, the article takes as an example the redevelopment of a small urban square in London, designed by landscape architects Gustafson Porter and completed in 2011. Gustafson Porter’s practice is deeply informed by inclusive design, and they strive to design barrier-free environments that ‘promote choice, flexibility of use and enable everyone to participate equally’. Taking in both the material design of the square and the social encounters that happen there, the article considers how inclusion and exclusion operate in a public space like General Gordon Square, and reflects on the challenges of making and maintaining conviviality. It suggests that inclusive design might be imagined as a vision of convivial culture in which we live together with difference.
Validation of a Multidimensional Social Cohesion Scale: A Case in Urban Areas of Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Oscar A. , Ramírez-López Araceli , Rodríguez-Brito Anidelys
Published: April 2018

People have been interested in social cohesion and its implications in different areas of social life from the classic sociology authors until today. Besides its multidimensional nature, this complex construct also faces the issue of measurement. For this reason, the objective of this article is to adapt and validate a scale that measures in a multidimensional way social cohesion for urban areas. The results obtained through Cronbach’s α coefficient, McDonald’s Ω coefficient, and confidence intervals for both coefficients show that the resulting questions have high levels of discrimination and an acceptable reliability, so the scale developed is valid methodologically.
The Development of County HR Policies: The Perspectives of Counties in Two States
Authors: Jacobson Willow S. , Lambright Kristina T.
Published: April 2018

We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with county HR directors (20 in New York, 20 in North Carolina) to learn more about the development of internal HR policies. Key resources used by directors in both states include other jurisdictions, colleagues in other county departments, state and federal agencies, laws and statutes, professional associations, and information gathered from general Internet searches. More than half of the HR directors reported using internal working groups, and almost two-thirds indicated that they systematically reviewed the implications of policies for specific departments. Yet, only a handful of HR directors reported utilizing other promising practices such as engaging rank-and-file employees in the policy process, reviewing a new or revised policy’s consistency with existing policy, and using evidence-based decision making to develop policies. Although there was little difference by state, our findings indicate the characteristics of HR directors can shape how a jurisdiction approaches policymaking.
White Women, U.S. Popular Culture, and Narratives of Addiction
Authors: Daniels Jessie , Netherland Julie C. , Lyons Alyssa Patricia
Published: April 2018

The United States war on drugs has, for decades now, systematically targeted communities of color. This sustained attack on people of color is accomplished through the use of whiteness. Recently, mainstream news media and elected officials have called for a “gentler war on drugs” to address the opioid epidemic. While some may see this as a welcome change, we take a more critical view. Specifically, we examine the role of White women in two popular television series that feature narratives of addiction as a gendered instance of “white drug exceptionalism.” To do this, we conducted a systematic analysis of a narrative television show, Law & Order, and a reality-based show, Intervention, using nine seasons over the same time period (2000–2010). In the procedural drama Law & Order, White women were featured prominently as part of the carceral state, both as police detectives and as prosecutors. Occasionally, White women are portrayed as victims of drug culture. On the rehabinspired Intervention, the majority of all characters are White, and the audience is invited to view drug use and recovery through a white lens that tells a particular kind of story about addiction. Both the carceral model promoted by Law & Order and the therapeutic model valorized by Intervention rely on particular notions of White womanhood mapped onto neoliberal regimes of citizenship that not only compel us all toward “health” and “sobriety” but also warp our collective imagination, so that we only see some drug users as worthy of a gentleness and compassion.
State feedback stabilization for nonlinear systems with more general high-order terms
Authors: Wang Tiancheng , Zheng Shi , Li Wuquan
Published: April 2018

This paper aims to solve the state feedback stabilization problem for a class of high-order nonlinear systems with more general high-order terms. Based on the backstepping design method and Lyapunov stability theorem, a state feedback controller is constructed to ensure that the origin of the closed-loop system is globally asymptotically stable. The efficiency of the state feedback controller is demonstrated by a simulation example.
Identification of continuous-time hybrid ‘Box-Jenkins’ systems having multiple unknown time delays
Authors: Ghoul Yamna , Taarit Kaouther Ibn , Ksouri Moufida
Published: April 2018

For many years, various methods for the identification of parameters of continuous-time models have been available and implemented in widely. However, most methods apply models where the output are contaminated by a white noise or without noise in some others cases, which are unrealistic in most practical applications owing to their associated noise structure. Some other methods neglect the presence of time delays. Then it can be shown that the estimates are not statistically efficient. To cope with this issue, this paper deals with the identification of multi-input single-output continuous-time hybrid ‘Box-Jenkins’ systems having multiple unknown time delays from sampled input/output data. The proposed work presents a based-instrumental variable method for the separable estimation of both process parameters, multiple unknown time delays and the noise model. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is proven through a numerical example illustrated by Monte Carlo analysis.
Perception of the Quality of Physiotherapy Care Provided to Outpatients from Primary Health Care in Chile
Authors: Reyes Priscila , Puelle Fabia , Barría René Mauricio
Published: April 2018

We explored outpatient’s perceptions on the quality of physiotherapy care provided in three urban primary care centers of Valdivia, Chile, through a descriptive phenomenological study. We collected data from 21 participants through semistructured interviews which were analyzed using the Colaizzi approach. Two main themes emerged: quality related to the professional and structure of the care system. Perceptions about the care received from the physiotherapist are influenced by factors such as communication, the way they treat the patient, and the trust established between patient and professional. In addition, structural aspects such as allocation of spaces, technical equipment and rehabilitation devices, access to centers, and the availability of the physiotherapist affect satisfaction and the perception of the quality of the service received. As it occurs in other health services provided by different health-care professionals, the quality of physiotherapy care is related to subjective (relational) and objective (structural) perceptions.
Kant, race, and natural history
Authors: Sandford Stella
Published: April 2018

This article presents a new argument concerning the relation between Kant’s theory of race and aspects of the critical philosophy. It argues that Kant’s treatment of the problem of the systematic unity of nature and knowledge in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of the Power of Judgment can be traced back a methodological problem in the natural history of the period – that of the possibility of a natural system of nature. Kant’s transformation of the methodological problem from natural history into a set of philosophical (and specifically epistemological) problems proceeds by way of the working out of his own problem in natural history – the problem of the natural history of the human races – and specifically the problem of the unity in diversity of the human species, in response to which he develops a theory of race. This theory of race is, further, the first developed model of the use of teleological judgment in Kant’s work. The article thus argues that Kant’s philosophical position on the systematic unity of nature and of knowledge in the first and third Critiques, and his account and defense of teleological judgment, are developed out of problems first articulated in his solution to the problem of the unity in diversity of the human species – that is, in his theory of race. The article does not seek to establish that these aspects of the critical philosophy are therefore racialised. But it does demonstrate, against those who deny its salience to his philosophy, how the problem of the unity in diversity of the human species and Kant’s theory of race is significant for the development of aspects of the critical philosophy and thus contributes to their philosophical problematics.
Do sanction types affect the duration of economic sanctions? The case of foreign aid
Authors: Jeong Jin Mun
Published: April 2018

What effect does the type of economic sanctions have on sanctions duration? Despite extensive research about their effect on sanctions success, little is known about how sanction types affect the duration of sanctions episodes. I argue that, among different types of economic sanctions, terminating foreign aid to target states (foreign aid sanctions) expedites target capitulation, because it imposes disproportionate costs on elites and crucial regime supporters. However, I also contend that the effect of foreign aid sanctions is rendered indistinguishable from other types of economic coercion over time, as target governments adjust to the adverse impacts of sanctions. The empirical tests using the Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions dataset provide supporting evidence for my hypotheses that foreign aid sanctions accelerate target capitulations, but this effect diminishes over time.
The “Good Enough” Parent: Perfectionism and Relationship Satisfaction Among Parents and Nonparents
Authors: Trub Leora , Powell Jessica , Biscardi Krystin , Rosenthal Lisa
Published: April 2018

Relationship satisfaction has profound implications for psychological and physical well-being, yet it significantly decreases while couples are raising children. Perfectionism—the tendency to expect perfection from oneself, others, and/or to perceive expectations of perfection as coming from others—has generally been associated with lower relationship satisfaction. In a sample of 382 married and/or cohabitating U.S. adults, this study found that the interpersonal dimensions of perfectionism (partner-oriented perfectionism and partner-prescribed perfectionism) were negatively associated with relationship satisfaction, while self-oriented perfectionism was positively associated with relationship satisfaction. Raising children was negatively associated with relationship satisfaction, and moderated the association between partner-prescribed perfectionism and relationship satisfaction; the negative association was significant for both groups, but stronger for those raising children than those not raising children. This study highlights the importance of addressing perfectionism in intimate relationships, particularly for couples raising children, and informs possible interventions with couples and families.
Fathering From Beyond the Border . . .: Exploring the Experiences of Deported Fathers in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Boodram Cheryl-Ann Sarita
Published: April 2018

Changes in immigration and border control legislations in metropolitan countries have led to an increase in the number of fathers deported to the Caribbean. By way of qualitative research, the author examined the experiences of 18 deported fathers whose children remained in the deporting country. The findings reveal the psychosocial effects of deportation on fathers and how fathering roles are challenged by stigma, costly transnational communication facilities and frozen personal assets. Deportation also leads to families adjusting gender roles and family structures. The findings support the family adjustment and adaptation response model by showing how deportation constitutes a stressor which overwhelms the family’s resources to cope and which results in a process of adjustment and adaptation. This study is significant in that it provides a deeper insight into the issues that affect deported fathers and underlines the need for policy interventions that support transnational family ties.
Influence of Group Composition on Participant Reactions to Training: A Study in an Indian Power Transmission Organization
Authors: Sahoo Malabika , Mishra Sumita , Mishra Sasmita
Published: April 2018

Investments in organizational training and its evaluation is important in recent times. One of the most popular models of training evaluation is the four-level model developed by Kirkpatrick. It includes participant reactions (Level I), extent of learning (Level II), the extent of transfer of training through appropriate behaviour (Level III) and improvement in organization performance (Level IV). Despite its overwhelming use in the industry, organizations have frequently gathered data on Level I of this model only. While extant literature researched on factors affecting participant reactions; group composition influences merited scant attention. To address this gap, the current study conducted at an Indian power transmission organization, focused on the influence of group composition on participant reactions to training of a programme titled ‘Empowering Self for Better Performance’. Reaction data were collected from all the 120 participants who attended the programme. Data analyses pointed out to significant resultant differences in perception on two major dimensions of reaction—programme content and programme duration among participants with differences in age, organizational tenure, job position and educational qualifications. Our results not only provide empirical credence to the importance of group composition in influencing participant reactions but also bear implications for training design of millennials and soft skills programmes in heterogenous groups.
Preserved morphological processing in heritage speakers: A masked priming study on Turkish
Authors: Jacob Gunnar , Şafak Duygu Fatma , Demir Orhan , Kırkıcı Bilal
Published: April 2018

In a masked morphological priming experiment, we compared the processing of derived and inflected morphologically complex Turkish words in heritage speakers of Turkish living in Berlin and in native speakers of Turkish raised and living in Turkey. The results show significant derivational and inflectional priming effects of a similar magnitude in the heritage group and the control group. For both participant groups, semantic and orthographic control conditions indicate that these priming effects are genuinely morphological in nature, and cannot be due to semantic or orthographic similarity between prime and target. These results suggest that morphological processing in heritage speakers is based on the same fundamental processing mechanisms as in prototypical native speakers. We conclude that heritage speakers, despite the fact that they have acquired the language in a particular setting and were exposed to a relatively limited amount of input, can nevertheless develop native-like processing mechanisms for complex words.
‘The biggest legal battle in UK casino history’: Processes and politics of ‘cheating’ in sociotechnical networks
Authors: Johnson Mark R
Published: April 2018

Previous literature on cheating has focused on defining the concept, assigning responsibility to individual players, collaborative social processes or technical faults in a game’s rules. By contrast, this paper applies an actor-network perspective to understanding ‘cheating’ in games, and explores how the concept is rhetorically effective in sociotechnical controversies. The article identifies human and nonhuman actors whose interests and properties were translated in a case study of ‘edge sorting’ – identifying minor but crucial differences in tessellated patterns on the backs of playing cards, and using these to estimate their values. In the ensuing legal controversy, the defending actors – casinos – retranslated the interests of actors to position edge sorting as cheating. This allowed the casinos to emerge victorious in a legal battle over almost twenty million dollars. Analyzing this dispute shows that cheating is both sociotechnically complex as an act and an extremely powerful rhetorical tool for actors seeking to prevent changes to previously-established networks. Science and Technology Studies (STS) offers a rich toolkit for examining cheating, but in addition the cheating discourse may be valuable to STS, enlarging our repertoire of actor strategies relevant to sociotechnical disputes.
Most Any Reason Is Better Than None: Consequences of Implausible Reasons and Warrants in Brief Written Arguments
Authors: Wolfe Christopher R. , Gao Hongli , Wu Minhua , Albrecht Michael
Published: April 2018

Argumentation schema theory guided four experiments on the processing of plausible and implausible reasons and warrant statements testing the hypothesis that most reasons produce greater agreement with claims than when claims are presented without support. Another hypothesis was that leaving warrants unstated often produces greater agreement than when the warrant is made explicit. In Study 1, American participants were more likely to agree with claims after they read arguments than beforehand—even those with implausible reasons and warrants. In Study 2, American history and environmental science majors read brief arguments and agreed more with implausible arguments than claims alone. Study 3, with Chinese participants, replicated some but not all earlier results. In Study 4, with Chinese participants, blatantly false claims supported by bogus reasons yielded marginally greater agreement than unsupported claims. These findings suggest that many people have uncritical argumentation schemata with low support thresholds, making them vulnerable to weak and bogus arguments.
Study of lung toxicity in rats exposed to silica powder with different hard metal constituents
Authors: Zhang Zhansai , Zhao Yanfang , Chen Gang , Li Ruoming , Yang Jun , Sun Daoyuan
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to assess the lung toxicity induced by the inhalation of different hard metal constituents and silica powder and screen for potential toxicity biomarkers. Rats were randomly divided into saline, cobalt, tungsten carbide, silica, and hard metal (HM) groups and were administered a single 10-mg dose of the respective treatments. After 8 weeks, the lung tissue structure in the HM group was deformed, numerous nucleated giant and epithelial-like cells appeared in the stroma, and the computed tomography scanning images appeared abnormal. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and TGF-β2 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) significantly differed between the groups ( p < 0.05). Serum KL-6 and TGF-β1, but not TGF-β2, levels significantly differed between some groups ( p < 0.05). We observed multinucleated giant cells in the rat lung tissue. While the serum and BALF levels of KL-6 and TGF-β2 are not highly specific, TGF-β1 may be a valuable reference diagnostic marker in HM lung disease.
Functionally Complete Excision of Conditional Alleles in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus by Vgat-ires-Cre
Authors: Weaver David R. , van der Vinne Vincent , Giannaris E. Lela , Vajtay Thomas J. , Holloway Kristopher L. , Anaclet Christelle
Published: April 2018

Mice with targeted gene disruption have provided important information about the molecular mechanisms of circadian clock function. A full understanding of the roles of circadian-relevant genes requires manipulation of their expression in a tissue-specific manner, ideally including manipulation with high efficiency within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). To date, conditional manipulation of genes within the SCN has been difficult. In a previously developed mouse line, Cre recombinase was inserted into the vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat) locus. Since virtually all SCN neurons are GABAergic, this Vgat-Cre line seemed likely to have high efficiency at disrupting conditional alleles in SCN. To test this premise, the efficacy of Vgat-Cre in excising conditional (fl, for flanked by LoxP) alleles in the SCN was examined. Vgat-Cre-mediated excision of conditional alleles of Clock or Bmal1 led to loss of immunostaining for products of the targeted genes in the SCN. Vgat-Cre+; Clockfl/fl; Npas2m/m mice and Vgat-Cre+; Bmal1fl/fl mice became arrhythmic immediately upon exposure to constant darkness, as expected based on the phenotype of mice in which these genes are disrupted throughout the body. The phenotype of mice with other combinations of Vgat-Cre+, conditional Clock, and mutant Npas2 alleles also resembled the corresponding whole-body knockout mice. These data indicate that the Vgat-Cre line is useful for Cre-mediated recombination within the SCN, making it useful for Cre-enabled technologies including gene disruption, gene replacement, and opto- and chemogenetic manipulation of the SCN circadian clock.
Circadian Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Retinal Photoreceptors
Authors: Chang Janet Ya-An , Shi Liheng , Ko Michael L. , Ko Gladys Y.-P.
Published: April 2018

Energy expenditure and metabolism in the vertebrate retina are under circadian control, as we previously reported that the overall retinal ATP content and various signaling molecules related to metabolism display daily or circadian rhythms. Changes in the fission and fusion process of mitochondria, the major organelles producing ATP, in retinal photoreceptors are largely dependent on light exposure, but whether mitochondrial dynamics in photoreceptors and retinal neurons are under circadian control is not clear. Herein, we investigated the possible roles of circadian oscillators in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and redox states in the chicken retina and mammalian photoreceptors. After entrainment to 12:12-h light-dark (LD) cycles for several days followed by free-running in constant darkness (DD), chicken embryonic retinas and cone-derived 661W cells were collected in either LD or DD at 6 different zeitgeber time (ZT) or circadian time (CT) points. The protein expression of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) displayed daily rhythms, but only DRP1 was under circadian control in the chicken retinas and cultured 661W cells. In addition, cultured chicken retinal cells responded to acute oxidative stress differently from 661W cells. Using pMitoTimer as a mitochondrial redox indicator, we found that the mitochondrial redox states were more affected by light exposure than regulated by circadian oscillators. Thus, this study demonstrates that the influence of cyclic lights might outweigh the circadian regulation of complex mitochondrial dynamics in light-sensing retinal cells.
Family Mediation in Child Custody Cases and the Concealment of Domestic Violence
Authors: Feresin Mariachiara , Folla Natalina , Lapierre Simon , Romito Patrizia
Published: April 2018

While mediation is commonly used in custody negotiation, there is no consensus regarding its applicability in domestic violence cases. The aim of this qualitative study in Italy was to explore the role of family mediation in the management of child custody in cases involving domestic violence. Semistructured interviews were conducted with lawyers ( N = 5), social workers ( N = 15), and abused women who had separated from their children’s fathers ( N = 13). Legal documents were also analyzed. The results showed that violence against women and children had often been concealed during mediation, as the professionals involved had failed to detect domestic violence or had labeled it as conflicts. Moreover, the “parental couple” had been dissociated from the “marital couple,” and the responsibility for the abuse had been attributed to both parents. As a result, women and children had been blamed and had experienced secondary victimization, while the perpetrators’ patterns of power and control had continued. The results also revealed that those professionals had not known about and had not applied the Istanbul Convention, which provides guidelines to ensure women’s and children’s safety. Recommendations highlight the need to account for the complexity of domestic violence cases, to hold perpetrators responsible for the abuse, and to support the victims.
“Either You Do It or You’re Going to the Box”: Coerced Labor in Contemporary America
Authors: Hatton Erin
Published: April 2018

In recent years the problem of precarity has become the primary focus of both popular and academic accounts of work. Yet precarity is not the only troublesome feature of the contemporary economy. In this article I show that coercion—rather than precarity—is central to an array of work relations in the US, including prison labor, workfare, foreign guestwork, undocumented labor, and more. Through ground-level case studies of prison labor and workfare, I examine workers’ experience of labor coercion. I then build out from this empirical analysis to theorize the structure of coercive labor regimes and their relationship to precarity. Coercive labor regimes, I argue, are those in which employers have state-sanctioned power over workers’ well-being, families, and futures—a power that I call “social coercion.” This analysis thus identifies a new arena in which the “ambidextrous” neoliberal state operates in America today.
Care Work and Ethnic Boundary Marking in South Korea
Authors: Kim Yang-Sook
Published: April 2018

This article examines how state eldercare provision influences care workers’ subjectivities and claims for dignity and self-worth. Drawing upon extensive fieldwork conducted in South Korea, I argue that migrant and native-born care workers construct different ideals around what is “good” versus “bad” care through the marking of ethnic and professional boundaries. South Korean women employed as state-certified care workers emphasize the expertise and skill they provide as professional caregivers, and as such, demand expanded rights and protections from the state. In contrast, Korean-Chinese migrant women, who share a similar ethnic background but migrated from China to South Korea, emphasize their value as fictive-kin who can provide wholehearted care as informal workers. These divergent strategies not only result in the use of ethnicity to mark clear boundaries between the care work provided by each group, but they also (re)produce ethnically-segmented, two-tiered labour markets institutionalized by eldercare policies.
Palliative Nursing and Sacred Medicine: A Holistic Stance on Entheogens, Healing, and Spiritual Care
Authors: Rosa William E. , Hope Stephanie , Matzo Marianne
Published: April 2018

The fields of palliative and holistic nursing both maintain a commitment to the care of the whole person, including a focus on spiritual care. Advanced serious illness may pose a plethora of challenges to patients seeking to create meaning and purpose in their lives. The purpose of this article is to introduce scholarly dialogue on the integration of entheogens, medicines that engender an experience of the sacred, into the spiritual and holistic care of patients experiencing advanced serious illness. A brief history of the global use of entheogens as well as a case study are provided. Clinical trials show impressive preliminary findings regarding the healing potential of these medicinal agents. While other professions, such as psychology, pharmacy, and medicine, are disseminating data related to patient outcomes secondary to entheogen administration, the nursing literature has not been involved in raising awareness of such advancements. Research is illustrating their effectiveness in achieving integrative experiences for patients confronting advanced serious illness and their ability to promote presence, introspection, decreased fear, and increased joy and acceptance. Evidence-based knowledge surrounding this potentially sensitive topic is necessary to invite understanding, promote scientific knowledge development, and create healing environments for patients, nurses, and researchers alike.
Leakage analysis and ground tests of knife edge indium seal to lunar sample return devices
Authors: Zhang Bin , Hong Haocen , Yu Min , Yang Huayong
Published: April 2018

This work deals with the lunar sample return project, which requires lunar samples to be returned back to the ground without contamination. In this paper, a knife edge indium seal is proposed as a primary sealing form, where indium–silver alloy is welded into an annular groove of a cylindrical container firstly and then extruded by an annular knife edge of a cylindrical lid. The analysis of the leakage and sealing reliability of knife edge indium seal is the main aim of this paper. Firstly, the pretreatment of knife edge indium seal is discussed. Key techniques on indium welding are studied to evaluate its sealing reliability, with the tensile strength and welding void ratio mainly being discussed. Secondly, by means of “Roth” leakage theory, mathematical models on the leak rate for knife edge seal are established. By means of the finite element analysis, the knife edge geometry is optimized with minimum pressing force required. The results justify that the knife edge seal demands much lower pressing force to achieve a considerable sealing performance, which is suitable for low-powered operation. Finally, the ground tests are carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the indium welding and to measure the leak rate of the knife edge indium seal. Experimental results demonstrate the indium welding onto the stainless steel container is feasible, and the leak rate at room temperature is 3.0 × 10−10 Pa·m3/s, which is much lower than the rubber O-type ring seal. The knife edge indium seal is suitable for lunar sample return devices.
A comparison of different unsteady flow control techniques in a highly loaded compressor cascade
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Chen Shaowen , Gong Yun , Wang Songtao
Published: April 2018

A numerical research is applied to investigate the effect of controlling the flow separation in a certain highly loaded compressor cascade using different unsteady flow control techniques. Firstly, unsteady pulsed suction as a new novel unsteady flow control technique was proposed and compared to steady constant suction in the control of flow separation. A more exciting effect of controlling the flow separation and enhancing the aerodynamic performance for unsteady pulsed suction was obtained compared to steady constant suction with the same time-averaged suction flow rate. Simultaneously, with the view to further exploring the potential of unsteady flow control technique, unsteady pulsed suction, unsteady pulsed blowing, and unsteady synthetic jet (three unsteady flow control techniques) are analyzed comparatively in detail by the related unsteady aerodynamic parameters such as excitation location, frequency, and amplitude. The results show that unsteady pulsed suction shows greater advantage than unsteady pulsed blowing and unsteady synthetic jet in controlling the flow separation. Unsteady pulsed suction and unsteady synthetic jet have a wider range of excitation location obtaining positive effects than unsteady pulsed blowing. The ranges of excitation frequency and excitation amplitude for unsteady pulsed suction gaining favorable effects are both much wider than that of unsteady pulsed blowing and unsteady synthetic jet. The optimum frequencies of unsteady pulsed suction, unsteady pulsed blowing, and unsteady synthetic jet are found to be different, but these optimum frequencies are all an integer multiple of the natural frequency of vortex shedding. The total pressure loss coefficient is reduced by 16.98%, 16.55%, and 17.38%, respectively, when excitation location, frequency, and amplitude are all their own optimal values for unsteady pulsed suction, unsteady pulsed blowing, and unsteady synthetic jet. The optimum result of unsteady synthetic jet only slightly outperforms that of unsteady pulsed suction and unsteady pulsed blowing. But unfortunately, there is no advantage from the standpoint of overall efficiency for the optimum result of unsteady synthetic jet because the slight improvement has to require a greater power consumption than the unsteady pulsed suction and unsteady pulsed blowing methods.
Are Atypical Things More Popular?
Authors: Berger Jonah , Packard Grant
Published: April 2018

Why do some cultural items become popular? Although some researchers have argued that success is random, we suggest that how similar items are to each other plays an important role. Using natural language processing of thousands of songs, we examined the relationship between lyrical differentiation (i.e., atypicality) and song popularity. Results indicated that the more different a song’s lyrics are from its genre, the more popular it becomes. This relationship is weaker in genres where lyrics matter less (e.g., dance) or where differentiation matters less (e.g., pop) and occurs for lyrical topics but not style. The results shed light on cultural dynamics, why things become popular, and the psychological foundations of culture more broadly.
Alzheimer disease: Non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: Loi Samantha M , Eratne Dhamidhu , Kelso Wendy , Velakoulis Dennis , Looi Jeffrey CL
Published: April 2018

Objectives:

This clinical update review focuses on the management of cognition and the neuropsychiatric features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and highlights current issues regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, putative therapeutics and recent relevant research findings in this area.

Conclusions:

AD is a neurodegenerative progressive condition characterised by cognitive impairment and functional decline. Most people with AD will demonstrate neuropsychiatric features, better known as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Early recognition and treatment of BPSD are essential, as these cause considerable distress and carer burden. While there are many disease-modifying therapies for the cognitive symptoms still in the research stage, only symptomatic treatments are currently available for these and the BPSD.
The Role of Visual and Auditory Stimuli in Continuous Performance Tests: Differential Effects on Children With ADHD
Authors: Simões Eunice N. , Carvalho Ana L. Novais , Schmidt Sergio L.
Published: April 2018

Objective: Continuous performance tests (CPTs) usually utilize visual stimuli. A previous investigation showed that inattention is partially independent of modality, but response inhibition is modality-specific. Here we aimed to compare performance on visual and auditory CPTs in ADHD and in healthy controls. Method: The sample consisted of 160 elementary and high school students (43 ADHD, 117 controls). For each sensory modality, five variables were extracted: commission errors (CEs) and omission errors (OEs), reaction time (RT), variability of reaction time (VRT), and coefficient of variability (CofV = VRT / RT). Results: The ADHD group exhibited higher rates for all test variables. The discriminant analysis indicated that auditory OE was the most reliable variable for discriminating between groups, followed by visual CE, auditory CE, and auditory CofV. Discriminant equation classified ADHD with 76.3% accuracy. Conclusion: Auditory parameters in the inattention domain (OE and VRT) can discriminate ADHD from controls. For the hyperactive/impulsive domain (CE), the two modalities are equally important.
Young Adults NEET and Everyday Life: Time Management and Temporal Subjectivities
Authors: Gaspani Fabio
Published: April 2018

The article investigates the everyday realities of young adults who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) in Italy and focuses on both time management and temporal subjectivities. In reference to the first point, the analysis of individuals’ typical days reveals different temporal organization strategies and the activities they consider important to structure their time. As for the study of temporal subjectivities, the article deals with the representations and control on everyday time, which are determined not only by the amount of time spent for specific activities but also by how such activities are performed, taking into account the interactions with others and the contexts. The study of NEET experiences allow a reflection both in reference to youth difficulties in managing time and their agency in an age of uncertainty.
Pharmacotherapy of Insomnia
Authors: Neubauer David N , Pandi-Perumal Seithikurippu R , Spence David Warren , Buttoo Kenneth , Monti Jaime M
Published: April 2018

Insomnia remains a common clinical concern that is associated with negative daytime consequences for patients and represents a significant public health problem for our society. Although a variety of therapies may be employed to treat insomnia, the use of medications has been a dominant approach. Regulatory agencies have now classified insomnia medications into 4 distinct pharmacodynamics classes. Medications with indications approved for insomnia treatment include benzodiazepine receptor agonists, a melatonin receptor agonist, a selective histamine receptor antagonist, and a dual orexin/hypocretin receptor antagonist. Both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic advances with hypnotic medications in recent years have expanded the pharmacopoeia to allow personalized treatment approaches for different patient populations and individual sleep disturbance patterns.
Comparative study of spherical dimple and bump effects on the tribological performances of journal bearing
Authors: Gui Chao , Meng Fanming
Published: April 2018

In the present study, tribological performances of journal bearings with the representative spherical dimples and bumps are compared numerically. In doing so, the hydrodynamic pressure of the lubricant is solved by the Reynolds equation considering the lubricant cavitation effect. Meanwhile, the elastic deformation is calculated by the continuous convolution fast Fourier transform method. The enhanced load-carrying capacity and the reduced friction force occur only when the dimples are located at pressure rising part of the bearing. The bumps located at the pressure falling part can enhance the load-carrying capacity but increase the friction force. The above dimple and bump effects change at the varied feature sizes and intervals.
Extending understanding of the internal marketing practice and employee satisfaction relationship: A budget Chinese airline empirical examination
Authors: Huang Yu-Ting , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , Chen Yen-Heng
Published: April 2018

Enhanced internal marketing (IM) practice may deliver a competitive advantage for budget airline operators through increased employee satisfaction. This study examines the relationship between IM practice and employee satisfaction in a budget airline setting. A survey was administered to 252 flight attendants to investigate and analyse their perceptions of IM practice and current satisfaction with their employer. Data were analysed via structural equation modelling. The results indicate that IM practice impacted significantly on an employee's satisfaction with the budget airline. The findings suggest IM practice can be used by budget airline managers to deliver increased employee satisfaction, which in turn will enhance competitive advantage. Limitations and future research directions are outlined.
15-year-old tobacco and alcohol abstainers in a drier generation: Characteristics and lifestyle factors in a Norwegian cross-sectional sample
Authors: Lund Ingeborg , Scheffels Janne
Published: April 2018

Aims: Norwegian adolescents currently drink and smoke less on average than previous cohorts. Based on cross-sectional survey data, the individual and familial characteristics of 15-year-old non-users and users of alcohol and tobacco were compared to identify correlates to abstinence. Methods: The survey was approved by the Norwegian Social Science Service. The sample consisted of 3107 adolescents from a 2011 school-based survey, of which 848 (27.3%) did not drink alcohol nor use tobacco. Associations with leisure time activities, risk perceptions, parenting style and social factors were analysed by logistic regression. Results: Most of the non-drinkers were also non-users of tobacco. Abstainers (neither alcohol nor tobacco use) tended to have less unorganized and more hobby-related leisure time activities, higher risk perceptions for smoking, and monitoring or emotionally supportive parents. They more rarely reported close relationships with their best friend and were more likely to report lower occurrences of drinking and smoking among friends or siblings. Conclusions: Differences in perceived parenting styles and a lower degree of unorganized leisure in the abstainer group points to monitoring and closer emotional ties between parents and children as important factors in adolescent abstinence. An implication of these results is that promoting hobby-based activities might be a useful strategy for preventing alcohol and tobacco use in young people.
Removal of Benign Superficial Masses Using the TriVex System: Preliminary Clinical Results
Authors: Duan Sheng-jun , Jiang Run-zhu , Zhang Ying-xin , Liu Hua-shui , Zhang Nai-shun , Zhang Shi-ye
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective. Transilluminated powered phlebectomy using the TriVex system is a new procedure for minimally invasive varicose vein surgery. We used the TriVex system for the removal of benign superficial subcutaneous soft tissue masses, and we also achieved satisfactory clinical effects. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility, benefits, and technique-related complications of using the TriVex system for the removal of benign superficial masses as a novel and minimally invasive surgical technique. Method. Between January 2010 and August 2016, 452 patients with benign superficial soft tissue masses underwent surgical removal of masses using the TriVex II system in our department. The surgical complications, postoperative cosmetic outcome, and personal satisfaction were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 24 months. Results. The TriVex procedure was successfully completed in all patients using only local tumescent anesthesia without any technical problem and serious complications. The mean operation duration was 8.5 minutes, and the average blood loss was 5 mL. Surgical complications were observed in 69 cases (15.3%) of subcutaneous ecchymosis, 34 cases (7.5%) of skin perforation, 14 cases (3.1%) of subcutaneous hematoma, 13 cases (2.9%) of wound infection, and 7 cases (1.5%) of induration of operation area. Eleven patients (2.4%) showed recurrence during the follow-up and were cured by reoperation by the TriVex system. Overall, the majority of patients (N = 436, 96.5%) were very satisfied or satisfied with the outcome. Conclusion. The TriVex procedure for the removal of benign superficial masses is simple, safe, and effective with advantages of short operation time, small incisions, and good cosmetic outcome, which is predicted as a new minimally invasive surgery of superficial masses.
Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations With Hypothesized Correlates
Authors: Ren Zhengjia , Hood Ralph W
Published: April 2018

This study reports the development of an inventory to assess the perceived internalized homophobia of gay men in a collectivistic Chinese cultural context. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using two samples suggested the viability and stability of a three-factor model: internalized heteronormativity (IHN), family-oriented identity (FOI), and socially oriented identity (SOI). The 11-item internalized homophobia inventory demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity. Internalized homophobia was related positively to the extent of a sense of loneliness and negatively to self-evaluation and the discrepancy in self-identification as a gay man. In addition, the participants’ internalized SOI consistently predicted their coming out choices in their social surroundings, while their FOI predicted their decisions to enter into heterosexual marriages. The findings suggest that sexual self-prejudice was correlated with IHN, family values, and social norms. The present research demonstrates that a culturally sensitive scale is necessary to understand the cultural and family-oriented values that influence gay Chinese men’s everyday lives, self-constructs, and behavioral choices.