bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel Heterocyclic Candidates via Michael Addition Involving 4-(4-Acetamidophenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic Acid
Authors: EL-Hashash Maher A. , Essawy A. , Sobhy Fawzy Ahmed
Published: September 2014

This paper discusses the utility of 4-(4-acetamidophenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid as a key starting material for the preparation of a novel series of pyridazinones, thiazoles derivatives, and other heterocycles via interaction with nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles under Michael addition conditions and studies the antimicrobial activities of some of these compounds.
Tribological Properties of Nanolamellar MoS2 Doped with Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: An Vladimir , Irtegov Yuri
Published: September 2014

This study aimed at examining the tribological properties of nanolamellar molybdenum disulfide doped with copper nanoparticles. Nanolamellar molybdenum disulfide was produced using self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis via the reaction between elementary sulfur and nanosized molybdenum powder prepared by electrical explosion of wires. Copper nanoparticles were also prepared by electrical explosion of copper wires. Comparative tribological tests were carried out for nanolamellar and commercial molybdenum disulfides doped with 7 wt.% of copper nanoparticles. It was demonstrated that doping copper nanoparticles additives reduce wear of the friction body when using both commercial and nanolamellar molybdenum disulfide.
Choroidal Coloboma in a Case of Tay-Sachs Disease
Authors: Ahmed Nasreen Raees , Tripathy Koushik , Kumar Vivek , Gogia Varun
Published: September 2014

Coloboma as an ocular finding has been documented in various syndromes. Here we have a case of infantile Tay-Sachs disease associated with unilateral choroidal coloboma. To the best of our knowledge, such an association has not been documented in the literature. Whether such an association is a matter of chance or signifies the involvement of ganglioside metabolism in ocular embryogenesis remains to be elucidated.
Method of Combining Spectrophotometer and Optical Imaging Equipment to Extract Optical Parameters for Material Rendering
Authors: Choi Taeyoung , Lee Seonghee , Chin Seongah
Published: September 2014

Optical parameters of materials are used for implementing cinematic rendering in the field of graphics. Critical elements for extracting these optical characteristics are the accuracy of the extracted parameters and the required time for extraction. In this paper, a novel method for improving these elements as well as a comparison to the existing methodology is presented. By using a spectrophotometer and custom designed optical imaging equipment (OIE), our method made it possible to enhance accuracy and accelerate computing speed by reducing the number of unknowns in the fitting equations. Further, we validated the superiority of the extracted optical characteristic parameters with a rendering simulation.
PCTAIRE1 Phosphorylates p27 and Regulates Mitosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Yanagi Teruki , Krajewska Maryla , Matsuzawa Shu-ichi , Reed John C.
Published: September 2014

PCTAIRE1 is distant relative of the cyclin-dependent kinase family that has been implicated in spermatogenesis and neuronal development, but it has not been studied in cancer. Here, we report that PCTAIRE1 is expressed in prostate, breast, and cervical cancer cells, where its RNAi-mediated silencing causes growth inhibition with aberrant mitosis due to defects in centrosome dynamics. PCTAIRE1 was not similarly involved in proliferation of nontransformed cells, including diploid human IMR-90 fibroblasts. Through yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified tumor suppressor p27 as a PCTAIRE1 interactor. In vitro kinase assays showed PCTAIRE1 phosphorylates p27 at Ser10. PCTAIRE1 silencing modulated Ser10 phosphorylation on p27 and led to its accumulation in cancer cells but not in nontransformed cells. In a mouse xenograft model of PPC1 prostate cancer, conditional silencing of PCTAIRE1 restored p27 protein expression and suppressed tumor growth. Mechanistic studies in HeLa cells showed that PCTAIRE1 phosphorylates p27 during the S and M phases of the cell cycle. Notably, p27 silencing was sufficient to rescue cells from mitotic arrest caused by PCTAIRE1 silencing. Clinically, PCTAIRE1 was highly expressed in primary breast and prostate tumors compared with adjacent normal epithelial tissues. Together our findings reveal an unexpected role for PCTAIRE1 in regulating p27 stability, mitosis, and tumor growth, suggesting PCTAIRE1 as a candidate cancer therapeutic target. Cancer Res; 74(20); 5795–807. ©2014 AACR.
Genetic Associations in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Insights into Susceptibility Mechanisms
Authors: Kushekhar Kushi , van den Berg Anke , Nolte Ilja , Hepkema Bouke , Visser Lydia , Diepstra Arjan
Published: September 2014

Both targeted and genome-wide studies have revealed genetic associations for susceptibility, prognosis, and treatment-induced secondary malignancies and toxicities in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). This review gives a systematic and comprehensive overview of significant associations and places them into a biologic context. The strongest susceptibility polymorphisms have been found for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. These associations are specific for cHL overall or for subgroups based on tumor cell Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) status. These findings strongly suggest that EBV-specific immune responses influence cHL susceptibility in EBV+ cHL and that immune responses targeting other tumor-associated antigens are important in EBV− cHL. Accordingly, most of the numerous other susceptibility loci map to genes that affect functionality of the immune system, underscoring the crucial role of the immune system in cHL development. The number of association studies on cHL prognosis is limited with one consistent association for the drug-metabolizing UGT1A1 gene. PRDM1 is associated with radiation-induced secondary malignancies and a small number of genes are associated with treatment-related toxicities. In conclusion, most loci showing genetic associations in cHL harbor genes with a potential functional relevance for cHL susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2737–47. ©2014 AACR.
A Chemically Defined Trifunctional Antibody–Cytokine–Drug Conjugate with Potent Antitumor Activity
Authors: List Thomas , Casi Giulio , Neri Dario
Published: September 2014

The combination of immunostimulatory agents with cytotoxic drugs is emerging as a promising approach for potentially curative tumor therapy, but advances in this field are hindered by the requirement of testing individual combination partners as single agents in dedicated clinical studies, often with suboptimal efficacy. Here, we describe for the first time a novel multipayload class of targeted drugs, the immunocytokine–drug conjugates (IDC), which combine a tumor-homing antibody, a cytotoxic drug, and a proinflammatory cytokine in the same molecular entity. In particular, the IL2 cytokine and the disulfide-linked maytansinoid DM1 microtubular inhibitor could be coupled to the F8 antibody, directed against the alternatively spliced EDA domain of fibronectin, in a site-specific manner, yielding a chemically defined product with selective tumor-homing performance and potent anticancer activity in vivo, as tested in two different immunocompetent mouse models. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(11); 2641–52. ©2014 AACR.
Relocation of CLIC1 Promotes Tumor Cell Invasion and Colonization of Fibrin
Authors: Gurski Lisa A. , Knowles Lynn M. , Basse Per H. , Maranchie Jodi K. , Watkins Simon C. , Pilch Jan
Published: September 2014

Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) has been shown to be upregulated in various malignancies but its exact function remains unclear. Here, it is revealed that CLIC1 is critical for the stability of invadopodia in endothelial and tumor cells embedded in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix of fibrin. Invadopodia stability was associated with the capacity of CLIC1 to induce stress fiber and fibronectin matrix formation following its β3 integrin (ITGB3)-mediated recruitment into invadopodia. This pathway, in turn, was relevant for fibrin colonization as well as slug (SNAI2) expression and correlated with a significant role of CLIC1 in metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, a reduction of myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) in CLIC1-depleted as well as β3 integrin-depleted cells suggests an important role of CLIC1 for integrin-mediated actomyosin dynamics in cells embedded in fibrin. Overall, these results indicate that CLIC1 is an important contributor to tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis.

Implications: This study uncovers an important new function of CLIC1 in the regulation of cell–extracellular matrix interactions and ability of tumor cells to metastasize to distant organs. Mol Cancer Res; 13(2); 273–80. ©2014 AACR.
Survivorship in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Kishtagari Ashwin , Tavakkoli Montreh , Park Jae H.
Published: September 2014

In the USA, approximately 26,000 adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-29 years are diagnosed with cancer every year. The cure rate among this population exceeds 80%, resulting in a growing number of AYA cancer survivors. AYA cancer survivors suffer from a wide range of long-term treatment-related toxicities that adversely affect quality of life and increase the risk of premature death. Therefore, it is important to recognize the unique medical needs of the AYA cancer survivors and develop a cost-effective and systemic approach to screen and prevent cancer treatment-related sequelae and the adverse health outcomes.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Burke Patrick W. , Douer Dan
Published: September 2014

The cure rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is 80%, compared to less than half in adults. A major proportion of this cure rate drop occurs in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). The age range defining this population varies between studies, biological characteristics are different from both younger children and older adults, and AYAs are treated either by pediatric or adult oncologists, who often apply different treatment approaches to the same ALL patient population. The outcome of AYAs aged 15-21 years treated by more contemporary pediatric protocols is similar to that of younger children but is inferior when using adult regimens. This motivated studying AYA patients, including those above the age of 21 years, with pediatric or ‘pediatrics-inspired' regimens that intensified nonmyelosuppressive drugs such as vincristine, steroids and asparaginase, with very promising preliminary results. Discovering new mutations in AYA ALL will help stratify patients into risk subgroups and identify targets for novel agents. This, together with fine-tuning pediatric chemotherapy principles will hopefully finally decrease the cure rate gap between children and AYAs - and even older adults.
Reconstructing Middle Hepatic Vein Tributaries in Right-Lobe Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Chen Peixian , Wang Wentao , Yan Lunan , Wen Tianfu , Li Bo , Zhao Jichun
Published: September 2014

Aims: To investigate the effectiveness of our technique and policy in reconstructing middle hepatic vein (MHV) tributaries of patients undergoing right-lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods: From January 2001 to December 2010, 186 adult patients underwent right-lobe LDLT without the MHV. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (n = 71) and group B (n = 115) without or with the MHV tributaries reconstruction. We evaluated the serum liver function markers after transplantation and monitored vascular flow in the graft and interpositional vein by Doppler ultrasonography. Results: The cumulative 1-, 3-, 5-year graft and patient survival rates were not significant between group A and group B (p = 0.287 and p = 0.258). Biliary complications appeared to be more frequent in group A than in group B (16.9 vs. 5.2%, p = 0.009). Liver function impairment was found in patients without MHV reconstruction and those with occluded interpositional vessels early after transplantation. The cumulative 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month patency rate of the interpositional veins was 81.51, 79.60, 74.69 and 72.68%, respectively. Conclusion: The reconstruction technique based on our policy ensures excellent outflow drainage and favorable recipient outcome, while better criteria for MHV reconstruction should be established.
Spontaneous Necrosis of Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Thareja Shalini , Rashid Alia , Grossniklaus Hans E.
Published: September 2014

Background/Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical presentations and pathological features of spontaneously necrotic choroidal melanomas. Methods: The clinical and histological features of patients who underwent enucleation for uveal melanoma from 1989 to 2012 at Emory University and were found to have spontaneously necrotic choroidal melanomas were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 6 cases were identified. All cases had 90-100% tumor necrosis and also exhibited marked ischemic necrosis of the iris and ciliary body; 5 of 6 cases exhibited marked ischemic necrosis of the retina. The tumor consisted of melanoma ghost cells often surrounded by a zone of pigmented macrophages. Thrombi were not found in any of the cases. All of the tumors in our cases were centered around the equatorial choroid and 2 extended into the ciliary body. One of the cases exhibited a wedge-shaped infarct in a lateral aspect of the tumor. In most of the cases, microscopic areas of intact tumor cells were present in the peripheries of the tumors. Conclusions: Spontaneous necrosis may occur in uveal melanoma. We believe that this occurs secondary to tumor hypoxia in the center of the tumor, followed by secondary inflammation, generalized ischemia and finally complete tumor necrosis.
Spinal Cord Ischemia Secondary to Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bazine Aziz , Fetohi Mohamed , Berri Maha Ait , Essaadi Ismail , Elbakraoui Kamal , Ichou Mohamed , Errihani Hassan
Published: September 2014

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is accepted worldwide as an effective treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Although considered relatively safe, TACE has been associated with several complications. Spinal cord ischemia secondary to TACE is an extremely rare but disastrous complication. We report a very rare case of spinal cord injuries after TACE, together with a literature review. During the procedure, the patient suddenly experienced sensory impairment below the T10 dermatome and bilateral lower extremity motor weakness. She was given high-dose steroids and supportive therapy. The sensory deficits nearly improved completely, but motor strength remained unchanged. Thereafter, a chest computed tomography scan showed tumor metastasis to the lungs. The patient is now receiving sorafenib and follow-up.
A Case of Early Gastric Cancer Arising from Gastritis Cystica Profunda Treated by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Ogasawara Naotaka , Noda Hisatsugu , Kondo Yoshihiro , Yoshimine Takashi , Sugiyama Tomoya , Kimura Mikitoshi , Inoue Satoshi , Takahashi Emiko , Sasaki Makoto , Kasugai Kunio
Published: September 2014

Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) consists of hyperplasia and cystic dilatation of the gastric glands extending into the submucosa. It occurs in the residual stomach post surgery and in the unoperated stomach. GCP is considered a benign lesion, but there is controversy about its malignant potential. We report a case of early gastric cancer arising from GCP treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in a 55-year-old unoperated man. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 15-mm diameter submucosal tumor (SMT) in the upper corpus of the stomach. The surface had angiotelectasia and slight depression covered with normal mucosa. Neither ulceration nor erosion was seen. Narrow-band imaging endoscopy showed no abnormalities suggesting gastric cancer. Endoscopic ultrasonography visualized the internally low-echoic SMT, harboring tiny cystic lesions, mainly within the second and third layers of the gastric wall. The SMT was removed by ESD to avoid retention and allow for comprehensive diagnosis. It was diagnosed as GCP with partial well-differentiated adenocarcinoma without involvement of the lateral and deep margins, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion and perineural invasion. The gastric epithelium comprised normal mucosa without dysplasia. ESD seems to be useful for the diagnosis of SMT, including GCP harboring gastric cancer, and avoids unnecessary surgical procedures.
Natural History and Outcome After Treatment of Unruptured Intradural Fusiform Aneurysms
Authors: Sacho Raphael H. , Saliou Guillaume , Kostynskyy Alex , Menezes Ravi , Tymianski Michael , Krings Timo , Radovanovic Ivan , Terbrugge Karel , Rinkel Gabriel J.E. , Willinsky Robert
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—

Management of unruptured fusiform intracranial aneurysms is controversial because of the paucity of natural history data. We studied their natural history and outcome after treatment.

Methods—

We reviewed our neurovascular database from January 2000 to October 2013. Inclusion criteria were unruptured, intradural fusiform aneurysms with a diameter of <2.5 cm. Criteria were developed to define atherosclerotic aneurysms. For outcome assessment, we used the modified Ranking Scale and aneurysm measurements on serial imaging. Mann–Whittney (continuous) and Fisher exact (categorical) tests were used for risk factor analysis.

Results—

For nonatherosclerotic aneurysms (96 patients; 193 person-years follow-up), 1 patient died (rupture) during follow-up (mortality, 0.51% per year) and 8 patients (10%) showed aneurysm progression (risk, 1.6% per year). Risk factors for progression were maximum diameter (>7 mm; odds ratio, 12; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–104) and symptomatic clinical presentation (odds ratio, 16; 95% confidence interval, 3.1–81.4). Of the 23 treated patients, 3 had died (mortality, 12.5%) and 3 had serious disability (modified Ranking Scale, ≥3; 12.5%). For the atherosclerotic aneurysms (25 patients; 97 person-years follow-up), 5 had died (mortality, 5.2% per year) and 13 of 20 (65%) had aneurysm progression (risk, 12% per year). When compared with patients with nonatherosclerotic aneurysms, case fatality (odds ratio, 19.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–172) and aneurysm progression (odds ratio, 17.8; 95% confidence interval, 5.3–56) were higher.

Conclusions—

Nonatherosclerotic fusiform intradural aneurysms have a low risk of adverse outcome within the first few years after diagnosis and remain stable unless symptomatic on presentation or >7 mm in maximum diameter. High risks of treatment should be balanced against this benign natural history. Atherosclerotic aneurysms have a worse natural history and may represent a different disease entity.
Taxonomic significance of capsule and seed characters of Indian species of Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae)
Authors: Antony Ancy Attullil , Nampy Santhosh
Published: September 2014

Capsule and seed morphology of 26 species of Murdannia in India are studied using light microscopy and seeds of 23 species by scanning electron microscopy. The capsules show differences in size, shape and in the number and arrangement of seeds in the locules. The seeds also display considerable variation in size, shape, ornamentation, shape of hilum and position of embryotega. The present study provides useful characters for the delimitation of Indian species of Murdannia.
A new species of Calyculogygas (Malvaceae) from southern Brazil
Authors: Grings Martin , BOLDRINI IlSI IOB , KNOB ALBERTO , BORDIGNON SÉRGIO AUGUSTO DE LORETO
Published: September 2014

Calyculogyas serrana (Malvaceae), a new species endemic to the highland slopes of “Serra Geral” plateau, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, is described and illustrated and we also provide information regarding its habitat and conservation status. The genus Calyculogygas has now two species, of which Calyculogygas uruguayensis is the type species. The two species are differentiated with a key, a table and illustrations, and we also provide a map of their distributions.
Indexing the etymological lexicographic systems
Authors: Shyrokov Volodymyr , Ostapova Iryna , Yakymenko Kostyantyn
Published: September 2014

Indexing the etymological lexicographic systemsThe main problems and directions for the development of the etymological lexicographic systems in the digital environment are studied. The formal conceptual model of the lexicographic system for fundamental academic Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language (EDUL) is developed. The lexicographic structure of the EDUL individual elements are developed and described. The EDUL metalanguage was studied and described. The formal model and technology of the EDUL parsing are worked out. That made it possible to convert automatically the EDUL text into the lexicographic database, which corresponds to the conceptual model of the lexicographic system. The conceptual foundations of instrumental tool to form the etymological dictionaries are developed to create the Virtual Lexicographic Laboratory «Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language», which was implemented with a modern approach to the real lexicographic array of the EDUL. That allowed to form the database of the EDUL multilingual index (about 250 languages) in the automatic mode. This index is a basis of the seventh (final) volume of the EDUL. The possibility of applying the developed models to other etymological dictionaries are studied. The conceptual foundations for integration of the etymological lexicographic systems are discussed.
Trilingual aligned corpus – current state and new applications
Authors: Dimitrova Ludmila , Koseska Violetta , Roszko Danuta , Roszko Roman
Published: September 2014

Trilingual aligned corpus – current state and new applicationsThis article describes current state of a trilingual parallel corpus consisted of texts in two Slavic (Bulgarian and Polish) and one Baltic language (Lithuanian). The corpus contains original literary texts (fiction, novels, and short stories) in one of the three languages with translations to the other two, and texts in other languages translated into Bulgarian, Polish, and Lithuanian. A part of the texts are aligned at the sentence level. The authors propose a semantic annotation of verbs appearing in these aligned texts that will facilitate contrastive studies of natural languages. A theoretical background for the proposed semantic annotation is briefly also discussed.
Web-based software system for processing bilingual digital resources
Authors: Dutsova Ralitsa
Published: September 2014

Web-based software system for processing bilingual digital resourcesThe article describes a software management system developed at the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, BAS, for the creation, storing and processing of digital language resources in Bulgarian. Independent components of the system are intended for the creation and management of bilingual dictionaries, for information retrieval and data mining from a bilingual dictionary, and for the presentation of aligned corpora. A module which connects these components is also being developed. The system, implemented as a web-application, contains tools for compilation, editing and search within all components.
Presentation of the verbs in Bulgarian-Polish electronic dictionary
Authors: Dimitrova Ludmila , Koseska Violetta
Published: September 2014

Presentation of the verbs in Bulgarian-Polish electronic dictionaryThis paper briefly discusses the presentation of the verbs in the first electronic Bulgarian-Polish dictionary that is currently being developed under a bilateral collaboration between IMI-BAS and ISS-PAS. Special attention is given to the digital entry classifiers that describe Bulgarian and Polish verbs. Problems related to the correspondence between natural language phenomena and their presentations are discussed. Some examples illustrate the different types of dictionary entries for verbs.
Translation equivalence of demonstrative pronouns in Bulgarian-Slovak parallel texts
Authors: Dimitrova Ludmila , Garabík Radovan
Published: September 2014

Translation equivalence of demonstrative pronouns in Bulgarian-Slovak parallel textsIn this paper we describe our automatic analysis of several parallel Bulgarian-Slovak texts with the goal to obtain useful information about Slovak translation equivalents of (definite) articles and demonstrative pronouns in Bulgarian. Rather than focusing on individual translation equivalents, we present a method for automatic extraction and visualization of the translations. This can serve as a guide for pinpointing interesting features in specific translated documents and could be extended for other parts of speech or otherwise identifiable textual units.
The IMPACT project Polish Ground-Truth texts as a Djvu corpus
Authors: Bień Janusz S.
Published: September 2014

The IMPACT project Polish Ground-Truth texts as a Djvu corpusThe purpose of the paper is twofold. First, to describe the already implemented idea of DjVu corpora, i.e. corpora which consist of both scanned images and a transcription of the texts with the words associated with their occurrences in the scans. Secondly, to present a case study of a corpus consisting of almost 5 000 pages of Polish historical texts dating from 1570 to 1756 (it is practically the very first corpus of historical Polish). The tools described have universal character and are freely available under the GNU GPL license, hence they can be used also for other purposes.
Modélisation sémantique des verbes ENXER à base substantivale
Authors: Heyna Franziska
Published: September 2014

Semantic description of French denominal verbs enXerThis article presents a semantic description of French denominal verbs, such as EMBARQUER, EMPOISONNER, ENDIMANCHER and ENDEUILLER. Traditionally described as parasynthetic compounds, these verbs are the result of a special type of word formation, consisting in the affixation of a prefix and suffix to a stem. Our purpose is to deal with a semantic description of this particular verb class, based on the referential and cognitive nature of de noun stem. It will be shown that the semantic classification outlined by Fradin (2003) in verbes en-SITE (EMBARQUER, ENFOURNER, ENGLUER) and V-cibles (ENCOLLER, ENFLEURER, ENGLUER), based on the cognitive figure-ground opposition is not general enough. The thesis defended here is that denominal verbes enXer instantiate a transformational process of a more abstract topological kind.
A net presentation of Lithuanian sentences containing verbal forms with the grammatical suffix -dav-
Authors: Roszko Danuta , Roszko Roman
Published: September 2014

A net presentation of Lithuanian sentences containing verbal forms with the grammatical suffix -dav-In the article the authors make an attempt to present the meaning of Lithuanian sentences containing verbal forms with the grammatical suffix -dav- (the so-called iterative past tense forms) by means of Petri nets. The authors gradually develop the net to such complexity that it makes it possible to avoid interpretative similarities to other Lithuanian verbal forms.
Verbs of emotion with se in Slovene: between middle and reflexive semantics. A cognitive analysis
Authors: Będkowska-Kopczyk Agnieszka
Published: September 2014

Verbs of emotion with se in Slovene: between middle and reflexive semantics. A cognitive analysisThis article presents a cognitive analysis of Slovene emotion verbs with the personal pronoun se ‘self’, e.g., bati se ‘to be scared’. Slavic verbs of this type are traditionally considered reflexive. The objectives of the article are twofold. First, the article aims to demonstrate that se in Slovene verbs of emotion indicates not the reflexive, but the middle voice construction. However, given specific pragmatic factors, these verbs also form reflexive constructions with the heavy form sebe ‘self’, or even both middle and reflexive constructions with se and sebe, respectively. Second, this article challenges Anna Wierzbicka’s assumption that the Slavic verbs with the light form of the personal pronoun or the -sja affix (Russian) express (almost) volitional, i.e. self-induced emotion. In line with cognitive Suzanne Kemmer, it is claimed that the constructions with the verbs under discussion indicate a low degree of volitionality in the process of emotional change i.e. they lexicalize an event that occurs independently of the Experiencer participant’s will.
The Norwegian lexical item akkurat and the Polish akurat: a cognitive semantic analysis
Authors: Data-Bukowska Ewa
Published: September 2014

The Norwegian lexical item akkurat and the Polish akurat: a cognitive semantic analysisThe aim of the article is to demonstrate to what extent the Norwegian akkurat and the Polish akurat show similarities and differences in their conceptual content (meaning). Adopting the perspective of cognitive semantics (CS), as described in Langacker (1987) and Lakoff (1987), I shall try to show that the meanings ascribed to these etymologically and formally related words constitute complex networks of senses, rooted in a prototypical centre in each of the languages under discussion. In addition to this, the findings will be interpreted with reference to the process of pragmaticalization (a language unit’s development of increasing pragmatic functions). Within this theoretical framework I shall demonstrate that subjectification/intersubjectification and pejoration/melioration motivate the main semantic difference between akkurat and akurat. The analysis is based on Norwegian and Polish monolingual corpus data.
Clinical Manifestations of IgG4-Related Disease in the Pharynx
Authors: Reder Lindsay , Della-Torre Emanuel , Stone John H. , Mori Matthew , Song Phillip
Published: September 2014

Objective:

The objective of this report is to characterize IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) as it is manifested in the head and neck and describe a series of patients with a rarely described presentation in laryngopharyngeal subsites.

Methods:

Here, we illustrate the presentation and clinical course of 3 patients with laryngopharyngeal manifestations of IgG4-RD, including the manner of diagnosis and effective treatment.

Results:

Three patients with laryngopharyngeal lesions were ultimately diagnosed with IgG4-RD after lengthy work-up. The diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols are explained.

Conclusion:

IgG4-related disease is a fibroinflammatory disorder now described in almost every organ system. The head and neck regions are among the most common areas of involvement, however, reports of laryngopharyngeal involvement are rare. We also summarize current knowledge of this entity and discuss established diagnostic criteria and clinical findings.
Endoscopic Suture Retriever for Endolaryngeal Keel Placement in Treatment of Anterior Glottic Webs
Authors: Beswick Daniel M. , Clark Amelia K. , Bergeron Jennifer , Sung C. Kwang
Published: September 2014

Introduction:

Endoscopic placement of a laryngeal keel has traditionally required the use of a Lichtenberger endo-extralaryngeal needle passer, which is not universally available. We discuss a safe and technically simple alternate technique using an endoscopic suture retriever through a percutaneously placed angiocatheter that obviates the need for the Lichtenberger instrument.

Study Design:

Case series.

Materials and Methods:

Two 14-gauge angiocatheters were passed through the anterior neck under telescopic visualization of the larynx. The suture retriever was inserted through the catheter and deployed within the larynx to withdraw a Prolene suture that was threaded through a Silastic keel. The keel was then tied in position over a sterile button on the anterior neck.

Results:

This procedure was performed on 2 patients with excellent outcomes in both cases.

Conclusion:

Endoscopic keel placement is a widely used procedure for treating anterior glottic webs and requires suture passage from within the larynx to the anterior neck to secure the keel into position. This is the first report of an exo-endolaryngeal suture retriever for placement of a laryngeal keel. This technique provides a safe, reliable, and efficient alternative to endo-extralaryngeal needle puncture and uses materials that are available in many operating room settings.
Use of Topical Nasal Anesthesia During Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in Dysphagic Patients
Authors: Fife Tim A. , Butler Susan G. , Langmore Susan E. , Lester Scott , Wright S. Carter , Kemp Shannon , Grace-Martin Karen , Rees Lintzenich Catherine
Published: September 2014

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the effect of topical lidocaine on Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores and patient comfort and tolerance of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) examinations in dysphagic patients.

Methods:

Adults with dysphagia referred for swallowing evaluation were recruited to participate in consecutive nonanesthetized and then anesthetized FEES examinations. Under endoscopic visualization, participants consumed 6 swallows consisting of graduated volumes of milk, pudding, and cracker in each condition and recorded their discomfort and tolerance in the 2 conditions. Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores were assigned in blinded fashion for each swallow.

Results:

Twenty-five adults participated in the study. Although there was no statistically significant effect of anesthesia on PAS scores ( P = .065), the odds of a higher PAS score were 33% higher during anesthetized swallows. The anesthetized condition yielded significantly less discomfort and pain during the examination, significantly less pain and discomfort during insertion and removal of the endoscope, and significantly greater overall tolerance than the nonanesthetized condition.

Conclusion:

The use of topical lidocaine during FEES may impair swallowing ability in patients with dysphagia, but this result does not achieve statistical significance. Topical nasal anesthesia significantly reduces subjective pain and discomfort and improves tolerance during FEES.
Use of a Foley Catheter Balloon as a Tool During Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery in a Resource-Poor Environment
Authors: Askar Mohamed H. , El-Sherif Hossam S. , Tomoum Mohamed O. , Senior Brent A.
Published: September 2014

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the non-Food and Drug Administration-approved off-label use of a 10F Foley catheter as a tool during endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.

Method:

A cohort of 40 patients with chronic frontal rhinosinusitis was prospectively evaluated using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), computed tomography (CT) imaging, and endoscopic examination. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was performed in the usual fashion, however, when approaching the frontal sinus, a 10F Foley catheter was inserted and the balloon inflated in the frontal outflow. Patients were assessed postoperatively with SNOT-22, CT imaging, and endoscopic assessment at 6 months.

Results:

Successful intraoperative dilation of the frontal recess was achieved in 62 of 69 frontal sinuses (90%). No cerebrospinal fluid leak or orbital entry occurred. Six months postoperative, SNOT-22 scores showed significant improvement, whereas endoscopic assessment revealed patent frontal recess in 55 of 62 (89%) frontal sinuses. Computed tomography imaging was completed in 25 patients comprising 41 operated frontal sinuses with no mucosal thickening seen in 37 of 41 (90%).

Conclusion:

The 10F Foley catheter is an effective tool to dilate the frontal recess by compression of edema during ESS. It may be a safe and cost-effective alternative to high-cost commercially available sinus balloons, especially in resource-poor environments.
Heart-type fatty acid binding protein in early diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the era of high-sensitivity troponin: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liou Kevin , Ho Suyen , Ooi Sze-Yuan
Published: September 2014

Introduction

Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (HT FABP) is an emerging biomarker of ischaemic myocardial necrosis. While previous studies have demonstrated its additive value when compared to contemporary troponin assays in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), its utility in the era of high-sensitivity troponin (hsTn) assays remains undetermined.

Methodology

A systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies was performed comparing the diagnostic performance of HT FABP both alone and in conjunction with hsTn in the early diagnosis and exclusion of AMI.

Results

A systematic literature search yielded eight eligible studies including 3395 patients. Of these, 716 patients (21.1%) were eventually diagnosed with AMI. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for hsTn on admission was 82.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.8–85.0%) and 89.7% (95% CI: 88.7–90.6%), respectively, while the area under the curve (AUC) for the summary receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve is 0.92 (SE 0.02). While the pooled specificity (84.6%, 95% CI: 83.2–85.9%) of admission HT FABP is similar to hsTn for the early diagnosis of AMI ( P = 0.07), its pooled sensitivity (63.5%, 95% CI: 59.9–67.1%, P < 0.001) is significantly worse. Accordingly, the AUC of the summary ROC curve for HT FABP (0.79, SE 0.03) is inferior to hsTn ( P < 0.0001). The addition of HT FABP to hsTn resulted in no improvement in the sensitivity ( P = 0.058) and worsened the specificity ( P = 0.001) in the early diagnosis of AMI compared to hsTn alone.

Conclusion

HT FABP does not appear to improve the diagnostic accuracy of hsTn, and consequently its routine use currently cannot not be recommended.
Near-fatal persistent anion- and osmolal-gap acidosis due to massive gamma-butyrolactone/ethanol intoxication
Authors: Heytens Luc , Neels Hugo , Van Regenmortel Niels , van den Brink Wim , Henckes Manu , Schouwers Sofie , Dockx Greet , Crunelle Cleo L
Published: September 2014

We report a case of an ethanol and massive gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) intoxication, the precursor of the recreational drug gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), resulting in life-threatening metabolic acidosis (pH 6.5) with a highly increased anion- and osmolal gap. Rapid analysis using gas chromatography revealed a GHB plasma concentration of 4400 mg/L, far above the upper limit concentration of 1000 mg/L found in adult fatalities attributed to GBL. Full recovery was established following supportive treatment including haemodialysis. This is the first report of a combined ethanol/GBL intoxication as a cause of high serum anion- and osmolal-gap metabolic acidosis.
Don't reinvent the wheel: the search for an identity for public administration
Authors: Zalmanovitch Yair
Published: September 2014

For many years, public administration has suffered from an identity crisis. This article argues that public administration's identity actually exists in the form of abandoned and often neglected fragments of well-established knowledge. We advocate reassembling these fragments and arranging them using a logic that will crystallize an identity for public administration. Our approach is based on viewing public administration as a social science of results, not a profession relying on a generic viewpoint. We maintain that there is a trialectic system of relationships among three pillars of public administration: the political, the legal and the managerial. The interrelationships between these pillars generate configurations, temporary arrangements geared toward certain issues. At any given time, one pillar may be emphasized over the other two. Such variations should not be viewed as a crisis of identity. Rather, this article suggests a research agenda for examining the identity of the field through longitudinal historical studies in which configurations may be identified in order to determine the conditions and circumstances that led to the variations in emphasis among the pillars. The more knowledge that is accumulated, the better we will be able to develop a reasonable approach for public administration and free it from oft-repeated cries of identity crisis.

Points for practitioners

Practitioners should be aware of the logic presented in this article. A logic that views the identity of public administration not in generic terms, but rather as a field of inquiry that is influential and consequential. It should be regarded as a social science of results that politicians use to solve citizens' problems. Hence, in democracies, the three pillars, the legal, the managerial and the political, interact constantly, constituting a range of public administration configurations. Configurative cyclicality should be regarded as public administration's normal, natural state of being. Normality means that a temporary configuration of the three basic pillars of the field does not testify to a crisis of identity, but constitutes an interim variation of interrelationships under special circumstances and conditions.
Tissue-engineering-based Strategies for Regenerative Endodontics
Authors: Albuquerque M.T.P. , Valera M.C. , Nakashima M. , Nör J.E. , Bottino M.C.
Published: September 2014

Stemming from in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical and human models, tissue-engineering-based strategies continue to demonstrate great potential for the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex, particularly in necrotic, immature permanent teeth. Nanofibrous scaffolds, which closely resemble the native extracellular matrix, have been successfully synthesized by various techniques, including but not limited to electrospinning. A common goal in scaffold synthesis has been the notion of promoting cell guidance through the careful design and use of a collection of biochemical and physical cues capable of governing and stimulating specific events at the cellular and tissue levels. The latest advances in processing technologies allow for the fabrication of scaffolds where selected bioactive molecules can be delivered locally, thus increasing the possibilities for clinical success. Though electrospun scaffolds have not yet been tested in vivo in either human or animal pulpless models in immature permanent teeth, recent studies have highlighted their regenerative potential both from an in vitro and in vivo ( i.e., subcutaneous model) standpoint. Possible applications for these bioactive scaffolds continue to evolve, with significant prospects related to the regeneration of both dentin and pulp tissue and, more recently, to root canal disinfection. Nonetheless, no single implantable scaffold can consistently guide the coordinated growth and development of the multiple tissue types involved in the functional regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the latest discoveries related to the use of scaffolds and/or stem cells in regenerative endodontics. The authors focused this review on bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds, injectable scaffolds and stem cells, and pre-clinical findings using stem-cell-based strategies. These topics are discussed in detail in an attempt to provide future direction and to shed light on their potential translation to clinical settings.
Doxycycline-Encapsulated Nanotube-Modified Dentin Adhesives
Authors: Feitosa S.A. , Palasuk J. , Kamocki K. , Geraldeli S. , Gregory R.L. , Platt J.A. , Windsor L.J. , Bottino M.C.
Published: September 2014

This article presents details of fabrication, biological activity ( i.e., anti–matrix metalloproteinase [anti-MMP] inhibition), cytocompatibility, and bonding characteristics to dentin of a unique doxycycline (DOX)–encapsulated halloysite nanotube (HNT)–modified adhesive. We tested the hypothesis that the release of DOX from the DOX-encapsulated nanotube-modified adhesive can effectively inhibit MMP activity. We incorporated nanotubes, encapsulated or not with DOX, into the adhesive resin of a commercially available bonding system (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose [SBMP]). The following groups were tested: unmodified SBMP (control), SBMP with nanotubes (HNT), and DOX-encapsulated nanotube-modified adhesive (HNT+DOX). Changes in degree of conversion (DC) and microtensile bond strength were evaluated. Cytotoxicity was examined on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). To prove the successful encapsulation of DOX within the adhesives—but, more important, to support the hypothesis that the HNT+DOX adhesive would release DOX at subantimicrobial levels—we tested the antimicrobial activity of synthesized adhesives and the DOX-containing eluates against Streptococcus mutans through agar diffusion assays. Anti-MMP properties were assessed via β-casein cleavage assays. Increasing curing times (10, 20, 40 sec) led to increased DC values. There were no statistically significant differences ( p > .05) in DC within each increasing curing time between the modified adhesives compared to SBMP. No statistically significant differences in microtensile bond strength were noted. None of the adhesives eluates were cytotoxic to the human dental pulp stem cells. A significant growth inhibition of S. mutans by direct contact illustrates successful encapsulation of DOX into the experimental adhesive. More important, DOX-containing eluates promoted inhibition of MMP-1 activity when compared to the control. Collectively, our findings provide a solid background for further testing of encapsulated MMP inhibitors into the synthesis of therapeutic adhesives that may enhance the longevity of hybrid layers and the overall clinical performance of adhesively bonded resin composite restorations.
Toward collaborative governance between Hong Kong and Mainland China
Authors: Cheung Peter TY
Published: September 2014

Economic cooperation between Hong Kong and Mainland China, especially Guangdong province, has flourished since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 1997. The landmark is the conclusion of the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) between Hong Kong and the Mainland in 2003. CEPA covers liberalisation of trade in goods, liberalisation of trade in services, mutual recognition of professional qualifications, and other trade facilitation measures. This paper uses the collaborative governance regime framework to analyse the economic cooperation between Hong Kong and Mainland China under CEPA. This case shows that if there are environmental conditions generating incentives for both parties to cooperate, a committed leadership on both sides to drive the regime, and institutional arrangements that could facilitate the collaborative dynamics, effective collaboration between players from different political and institutional backgrounds can still be achieved.
Improving Deafblind Travelers’ Experiences
Authors: Hersh M. A.
Published: September 2014

This article draws on the experiences of 28 deafblind people in six different countries to discuss accompanied and unaccompanied independent travel for deafblind people. These experiences were obtained from interviews carried out as part of a larger research project on travel issues. The research aimed to improve understanding of their travel behavior, including preferences for the use of travel aids or sighted guides, their spatial representations and the need for accessible information systems and public spaces, as well as cross-country comparisons and the changes required to facilitate both everyday and tourism travel for (deaf)blind people. The analysis of their experiences was used to develop recommendations in the areas of communication and access to information, international standardization to support international travel, crossing (indicators), street furniture, orientation and mobility training, and public transport, as well as suggestions for further research.