bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted Therapies - A Promising Cure for TB, the Leading Deadliest Infectious Diseases Worldwide
Authors: - Bhabi Jeslina John viji beula , - Athithi kumara velayutham , - Pooja Bordoloi
Published: January 2025

We all know how COVID-19 took the world by a storm,but there has been an old but consistent contender that has now even surpassed COVID-19 to claim the title of Deadliest infectious disease. This is none other than our very well known Tuberculosis which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Though TB is curable with standard course of antibiotics there is still a rising need for targeted therapies in order to reduce the risk the mortality rate. This article discusses about the different targeted therapies that could possibly be more effective than the traditional treatment methods .
A SEMANTIC FAKE NEWS DETECTION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING CLASSIFIER
Authors: Muhammad Rashad Muhammad Rashad , Noreen Khalid Noreen Khalid , Ameer Hamza Ameer Hamza , Sikander Javed  , Kashif Bilal Majeed Kashif Bilal Majeed
Published: January 2025

The purpose of fake news detection system is to build ontology to find hypothesis involved in misleading social media users through automated reasoning. Ontology for classification of news content has been created after understanding the semantic notations of textual features with in fake news dataset. The dataset we have used in our approach openly available on open-source data repository with the name fake News. The proposed model will provide semantic analysis of news content of the dataset and classification of news content into fake categories. The outcome of our proposed solution can be originating by applying three different classifiers of machine learning that is Random Forest, Logistic regression and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) that showed results about fake news and the accuracy of our proposed methodology is almost about 97%, 98% and 99% respectively. Thus the results prove that machine learning models performed better after analyzing the semantic features from news datasets.
INCIDENCE OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS AMONG FEMALES WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) IN FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN
Authors: Dr. Muhmmad Nafees  , Dr. Sobia Maqsood  , Dr. Zakir Hussain  , Dr. Muhmmad Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among young females, associated with physical, metabolic, and psychological comorbidities. This study investigates the incidence of depressive disorders among unmarried females aged 16-24 years with PCOS in Faisalabad, Pakistan. A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was employed, involving 80 participants attending gynecological clinics. Data were collected using an interview schedule, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to assess depression levels. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, including chi-square and gamma tests for hypothesis testing. Findings revealed a high prevalence of depression, with 36.3% of participants experiencing severe depression and 31.3% very severe depression. Key contributing factors included older age (22-24 years), longer duration since diagnosis, and low socioeconomic status. The study also highlighted the role of education, timely diagnosis, and financial challenges in exacerbating the psychological and physical burden of PCOS. Surprisingly, more educated respondents reported higher depression levels, potentially due to greater awareness of the syndrome's long-term effects. Regular mental health screening, awareness campaigns promoting healthy lifestyles, and access to affordable treatment options are essential to mitigate the impact of PCOS on mental health.
THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PROSTITUTE IN MANTO’S STORIESI IN THE CONTEXT OF SUBALTERN NARRATIVE
Authors: تنزیلہ شبیر  , ڈاکٹر زینت افشاں
Published: January 2025

In the context of subaltern narrative, the identity of the courtesan in Manto's stories is a complex and multi-dimensional subject. According to subaltern theory, those individuals or classes who are marginalized or whose voices are silenced do not find a place in the dominant narrative, and they are discussed within a socio-political framework. In Manto's writings, the courtesan is presented as part of a similar suppressed and overlooked class. Manto portrays the courtesan not only as a victim of social stigma and exploitation but also as a human being with emotions and struggles. Courtesans, who are often considered symbols of sin and disgrace by society, emerge in Manto’s stories as individuals with sensitivity, pain, and emotional depth. These stories show the lives and challenges of courtesans as part of an oppressed class, trying to find their place in a rigid social structure. Manto presents the identity of courtesans in a way that challenges the notion of them being merely women involved in prostitution. Rather, their existence reflects deep suffering, human emotions and echoes of social injustice. Courtesans in Manto’s stories are the subaltern voices that do not find a space in the mainstream social narrative, but Manto, by bringing their stories to the forefront, emphasizes that their identity and experiences are just as important as anyone else’s.
Bullying dalam Perspektif Islam: Studi Tafsir Al Munir, Jalalain dan Al-Mishbah terhadap Surat Al-Hujurat Ayat 11
Authors: Dwi Estuningtyas Retna , Kristopo  , Farida
Published: January 2025

Penelitian memiliki tujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pandangan Al-Qur'an terkait fenomena bullying melalui analisis Surat Al-Hujurat Ayat 11, dengan fokus pada tiga tafsir terkemuka: Tafsir Al-Munir oleh Wahbah Al-Zuhayli, Tafsir Jalalain, dan Tafsir Al-Mishbah oleh Quraish Shihab. Untuk metodologi penelitiannya menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan, penelitian ini menganalisis teks-teks tafsir untuk mengidentifikasi makna dan interpretasi ayat dalam konteks sosial modern. Analisis isi digunakan untuk mengkaji tema-tema utama dalam penafsiran ayat tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga tafsir ini memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang peran Surat Al-Hujurat Ayat 11 sebagai landasan teologis dalam menanggapi perilaku merendahkan dan menghina orang lain, yang dapat dikaitkan dengan fenomena bullying. Tafsir Al-Munir menekankan aspek keadilan sosial, sementara Tafsir Al-Mishbah menyoroti pentingnya menjaga harmoni sosial, dan Tafsir Jalalain memberikan penekanan kuat pada tanggung jawab moral untuk menjaga kehormatan sesama. Implikasi penafsiran ini sangat signifikan dalam membentuk sikap dan tindakan umat Islam terhadap bullying, baik dalam konteks individu maupun komunitas. Tafsir ini menyediakan landasan etika yang jelas untuk menolak perilaku merendahkan, relevan dalam pendidikan untuk membentuk karakter inklusif, dan memperkuat argumen teologis dalam melawan bullying. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Islam menyediakan kerangka moral dan spiritual yang komprehensif untuk mencegah dan merespons bullying, serta mendorong terciptanya masyarakat yang lebih adil dan bermartabat.
Konsep Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahun Prespektif Ismail Raji al-Faruqi
Authors: Syaefudin Ahmad , Julkifli Ali  , Erwina
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi secara mendalam konsep Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan menurut perspektif Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, dengan fokus pada prinsip-prinsip fundamental yang dikemukakan dalam upayanya untuk menerapkan Islamisasi dalam berbagai disiplin ilmu. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menganalisis data primer yang diperoleh dari karya-karya utama al-Faruqi dan data sekunder dari literatur akademis yang relevan. Al-Faruqi, seorang intelektual Muslim yang berpengaruh, mengembangkan konsep Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan sebagai respons terhadap dominasi epistemologi Barat yang sekuler dan reduksionis, yang dianggapnya telah memisahkan dimensi spiritual dan etika dari eksplorasi ilmiah. Dalam pandangan al-Faruqi, tauhid (keesaan Tuhan) harus menjadi landasan epistemologis bagi semua bentuk pengetahuan, menciptakan pengetahuan yang holistik dan selaras dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Lima kesatuan yang terdiri dari Tuhan, ciptaan, kebenaran dan pengetahuan, kehidupan, serta kemanusiaan menjadi kerangka utama dalam Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan. Meskipun konsep ini ambisius, tidak lepas dari kritik dan tantangan, terutama dari Ziauddin Sardar, yang mengkhawatirkan risiko "westernisasi" dan kesulitan dalam membangun epistemologi Islam yang independen dari Barat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun terdapat tantangan, konsep Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan menawarkan paradigma alternatif yang signifikan untuk merevitalisasi tradisi intelektual Islam dan merespons tantangan epistemologis kontemporer
KEBERLAKUAN KONSEP "SCANDALIZING THE COURT" DALAM HUKUM POSITIF
Authors: Rahman Kholilur , Baskoro Putro Risang Aji
Published: January 2025

Insulting judges and courts not only occurs during court proceedings, but can also be done outside the courtroom through media or publications. The term Scandalizing the Court is actually part of contempt out of court, but is specifically aimed at undermining the authority of judges or courts. This article will discuss an overview of the concept of Scandalizing the Court, followed by a discussion of efforts to regulate violations of Scandalizing the Court after the enactment of the National Criminal Code. The research method used is normative, using a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study conclude, firstly, that the philosophical principles or foundations regarding the issue of defamation, especially the concept of Scandalizing the Court, are to maintain the atmosphere of honor in the courts and to protect society from attempts to make the courts appear shameful in the eyes of the public. Secondly, various efforts to regulate violations of Scandalizing the Court in Indonesia have been carried out by the legislature, as the Criminal Code (WvS NI) is not sufficient to accommodate violations that attack the integrity and impartiality of the courts (Scandalizing the Court).
POLARISASI MASYARAKAT PADA PENYELENGGARAAN PEMILIHAN UMUM DI INDONESIA DALAM KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM
Authors: Jauhar Nashrullah
Published: January 2025

Polarisasi politik menjadi salah satu tantangan yang sering hadir dalam penyelenggaraan Pemilu di Indonesia. Polarisasi tidak jarang memicu perselisihan hingga konflik horizontal. Kajian ini akan fokus mengkaji fenomena polarisasi politik di masyarakat Indonesia dalam Pemilu dalam kajian sosiologi hukum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian doktrinal dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan kasus. Bahan-bahan hukum dihimpun melalui studi kepustakaan dan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif-analitis. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa polarisasi politik yang terus berlanjut kan berimplikasi buruk bagi integrasi bangsa, apalagi Indonesia akan menyelenggarakan Pemilu dan Pilkada Serentak 2024. Pada dasarnya dilihat dari penyebabnya, masifnya polarisasi politik sangat relevan dengar teori Arnold Rose dimana faktor seperti teknologi, budaya hingga gerakan sosial sangat  mendorong terjadinya polarisasi. Alternatif yang cukup ideal untuk mengurangi polarisasi politik adalah melalui penguatan komunikasi publik yang berlandaskan etika dan dijiwai nilai-nilai kebangsaan Indonesia.
CARBON TAX AS AN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Febiola Stefany , Edbert Felicia , Ariffin Melissa , Sanjaya Ronaldo
Published: January 2025

Climate issues are a growing concern that governments around the world recognize need to be addressed. Climate change and its devastation are being felt around the world. Especially the issue of greenhouse gas emissions in 2015. This study aims to analyze a comparison of the implementation of the Polluter Pays Principle as an effort to implement carbon taxes in Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive qualitative normative. The specification of this research is analytical descriptive. With regard to the impact of climate change that has become a global challenge that needs to be handled together, the government is therefore seeking various ways and systems to achieve the GHG emission reduction target in the medium to long term. The government must carefully prepare the collection system, tax base, and rates for the correct use of earnings. Implementation must also be supported by simple administration, clear rules and effective outreach.
KEKUATAN HUKUM BADAN HUKUM YANG BERBENTUK KOPERASI DALAM MENGAJUKAN PERMOHONAN KEPAILITAN
Authors: Widy Asshidiq Abdullah , Yustisio Rifki , Miftahzen Reza M. Hilmi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the legal position of the bankruptcy filing application for business entities in the form of cooperatives. This research is normative-juridical research using a conceptual approach method. The data used are primary, secondary and tertiary data. The results of this study will focus on the mechanism of filing a bankruptcy application by the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenkop) against cooperatives in Indonesia according to Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 1 of 2022. The results of the study concluded that based on the provisions of the Supreme Court Circular Letter SEMA Number 1 of 2022 concerning Special Civil Procedures governing PKPU and Bankruptcy Mechanisms, explaining that Cooperatives can no longer be filed PKPU and Bankruptcy directly but related to the application for bankruptcy filing against cooperative bankruptcy filings can only be done by the Ministry of Cooperatives
PENGARUH KETOKOHAN PEMUKA AGAMA DALAM POLITIK ELEKTORAL DAERAH NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Gea Putra Disna Mahardika  , Fariqh Khatami Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Pengaruh ketokohan tokoh agama atau yang biasa disebut Tuan Guru di NTB dalam politik elektoral memang berdampak besar terhadap dunia politik daerah. Tokoh agama berperan penting karena memiliki Jemaah yang sangat patuh pada perkataan Tuan Guru nya. Dengan menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif-empiris hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dari tahun ketahun tidak ada perubahan signifikan yang mampu menyaingi ketokohan Tuan Guru.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PENCANTUMAN IDENTITAS ANAK DALAM PUTUSAN PENGADILAN OLEH APARAT PENEGAK HUKUM
Authors: Vito Sheridan Prayitno  , Fanny Tanuwijaya  , Sapti Prihatmini
Published: January 2025

Kerahasiaan identitas anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum ialah salah satu hak yang diberikan kepada anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum agar dapat menjaga nama baik anak karena anak masih memiliki hidup yang panjang dan merupakan pilar-pilar untuk memajukan bangsa Indonesia. Untuk melindungi hak anak tersebut negara telah menciptakan aturan yang melindungi hak dan juga kewajiban anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum Dalam prakteknya sendiri masih sering terdapat pencantuman identitas anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum dalam putusan pengadilan yangmana hal ini tentunya tidak sesuai dengan aturan yang telah berlaku sehingga hal ini merugikan anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Terlebih ketika pengungkapan identitas anak yang berhadapan ini terdapat dalam putusan pengadilan sehingga pelaku dari pengungkapan identitas anak ini merupakan pejabat dalam struktural pengadilan dan merupakan aparat penegak hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normative dengan membawa pengaturan terkait kerahasiaan identitas anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum sehingga dapat dihasilkan pengkajian berkaitan dengan siapa yang bertanggungjawab terhadap penghitaman dan pengaburan informasi yang wajib dikaburkan dalam putusan pengadilan dan bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidananya.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI ONLINE MELALUI SOSIAL MEDIA
Authors: Ponten Sungguh
Published: January 2025

Indonesia memiliki populasi pengguna internet yang besar, dengan lebih dari 175 juta pengguna internet aktif pada tahun 2021 sampai 2023. Hal ini memberikan dasar yang kuat untuk perkembangan media sosial di negara ini . Penggunaan smartphone yang semakin meluas di Indonesia juga telah berdampak pada perkembangan media sosial. . Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan undang-undang dan regulasi terkait penggunaan media sosial, termasuk perlindungan data pribadi dan penanganan konten yang melanggar. Salah satu tantangan dalam transaksi jual beli melalui media sosial adalah keamanan dan kepercayaan. Karena transaksi ini sering kali dilakukan antara individu yang tidak saling mengenal, penting untuk berhati-hati dan melakukan verifikasi terhadap penjual atau pembeli sebelum melakukan transaksi. Hukum Konsumen di Indonesia diatur oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UU Konsumen). UU Konsumen ini memberikan landasan hukum dan perlindungan kepada konsumen dalam melakukan transaksi jual beli, baik secara konvensional maupun melalui media sosial.
ASPEK TEORITIK TENTANG RELEVANSI KAJIAN HUKUM PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN
Authors: Sipayung Baren , Hamongpranoto Sarosa , Arifudin Nur
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengulas relevansi teoritis kajian hukum perundang-undangan dalam pembentukan peraturan. Hasilnya menyimpulkan peran strategis kajian hukum dalam memastikan keadilan, perlindungan hukum, dan keberlanjutan sistem hukum negara. Selain itu, kajian hukum juga memastikan kebijakan pemerintah sesuai kepentingan rakyat, mengatasi masalah hukum, mengatur proses pembentukan hukum, dan menciptakan kepastian hukum serta stabilitas sosial. Tantangan dalam pembangunan hukum negara mencakup kompleksitas perubahan hukum, keterbatasan sumber daya, aksesibilitas hukum yang lebih baik, dan peran teknologi dalam kajian hukum. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan kerjasama antara akademisi, birokrat, dan profesi hukum untuk membentuk sistem hukum negara yang relevan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan memberikan perlindungan hukum maksimal bagi warga negara.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION FOR ACTORS IN THE CREATIVE ECONOMY BASED ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS LAW NUMBER 28 OF 2014 CONCERNING COPYRIGHT
Authors: Joice Soraya  , Muhammad Ansy Althafzufar
Published: January 2025

Intellectual property rights (IPR) are rights that are born as a result of a person's intellectual labor; hence, IPR is a legal structure of intellectual property protection as a result of the work performed by the creator or inventor. This research approach combines normative and empirical legal research with descriptive research characteristics. According to the study's findings, there is still a lack of public awareness, particularly among creative economy players, in terms of preserving their inventions and not being registered, resulting in many infringements of their works. The existence of IPR may be a source of increased income for participants in the creative economy. Intellectual Property Rights are governed by the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright and the Government Regulation (PP) No. 56 of 2021 on the Management of Song and/or Music Copyright Royalties. As a result, anyone who infringes Intellectual Property Rights will face legal consequences.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP KASUS KAKEK SAMIRIN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI HUKUM
Authors: Maha Putra Eduard Awang , Ossita S Gea , Muhammad Azwar Lalu
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis research aims to analyze the law enforcement of the case against Grandfather Samirin from the perspective or view of Legal Sociology, as well as what kind of settlement mechanism can provide a sense of legal justice for poor people like Grandfather Samirin. This research method applies normative legal research methods, using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The results showed that the law enforcement used by law enforcers in the case of Grandfather Samirin was solely oriented towards a positivistic legalistic approach so that the actions taken by Grandfather Samirin were violations of the law as regulated in Article 107 letter d of the Plantation Law. However, in the view of legal sociology, the case of Samirin's grandfather is a small case with a small material value, even though it is carried out by a marginalized social group, poor and illiterate people, therefore, the presence of state law instead of giving birth to legal justice, on the contrary, creates legal injustice. Therefore, legal cases affecting the poor should use a more sociological and humanist approach. In the case of a law violation committed by Grandfather Samirin, he should not be prosecuted but can be resolved through a restorative justice approach.
Keywords: Law Enforcement, Sociology of Law, Legal Positivism.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penegakan hukum terhadap kasus yang menimpa Kakek Samirin dalam perspektif atau pandangan Sosiologi Hukum, serta mekanisme penyelesaian seperti apa yang dapat memberikan rasa keadilan hukum bagi masyarakat miskin seperti Kakek Samirin. Metode Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil penilitian menunjukan bahwa penegakan hukum yang digunakan para penegak hukum pada kasus Kakek Samirin hanya semata-mata berorientasi pada pendekatan legalistik positivistik sehingga tindakan yang dilakukan Kakek Samirin ialah pelanggaran hukum sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 107 huruf d UU Tentang Perkebunan. Namun dalam pandangan sosiologi hukum, kasus Kakek Samirin adalah perkara kecil dengan nilai meterial yang kecil, pun demikian dilakukan oleh kelompok sosial yang marginal, warga miskin yang buta bukum, karena itu, hadirnya hukum negara bukannya melahirkan keadilan hukum, justru sebaliknya menimbulkan ketidakadilan hukum. Karena itu, kasus hukum yang menimpa masyarakat miskin sebaiknya lebih menggunakan pendekatan yang lebih sosiologis dan humanis. Dalam kasus pelanggaran hukum yang dilakukan Kakek Samirin tidak semestinya dituntut secara hukum melainkan bisa dilakukan penyelesaian melalui pendekatan keadilan restorative justice.
Kata Kunci : Penegakan Hukum, Sosiologi Hukum, Positivisme Hukum.
ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN HUTAN LINDUNG SEBAGAI TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH PERTAMBANGAN: PERSPEKTIF FUNGSI PERIZINAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN REKAYASA PEMBANGUNAN
Authors: Putra Eduard Awang Maha , Hamdani Fathul , Azwar Lalu Muhammad
Published: January 2025

In August 2023, news circulated in one of the local mass media that PT Sumbawa Timur Mining proposed the use of 5,300 hectares of protected forest area in Dompu Regency, NTB to the NTB Provincial Government as a place for dumping tailings from mining, which then caused pros and cons. Through this research, the author aims to examine the regulation of the conversion of protected forest areas into mining areas in Indonesia and analyze the conversion of protected forest areas in Dompu Regency into dumping areas from the perspective of the licensing function as an instrument of development engineering. The method used in this research is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual and case approaches. The results show that the Forestry Law has opened up opportunities for the use of forest areas for development purposes outside of forestry activities in production forest areas and protected forest areas. Specifically, mining activities in protected forest areas are only allowed for mining activities carried out with a closed mining pattern. Meanwhile, tailings disposal can only be carried out in waste containment dams and sea facilities with certain specifications, so that tailings disposal cannot be disposed of carelessly in protected forest areas.
TIGA MEKANISME KEPATUHAN HUKUM DALAM KONTEKS REGULASI FIFA: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM
Authors: Fathullah Abdusyahid Naufal Fathullah
Published: January 2025

Supranational regulatory bodies (SRB) are bodies that have the authority to make and enforce regulations that apply in various countries, in this case FIFA as the parent football organization that runs cross-country regulations and each member is obliged to comply with them. The importance of this paper is to review how legal compliance from three legal compliance mechanisms in Suprantional Regulatory Bodies. By using sociolegal methods and describing them across disciplines so that it was found that FIFA can encourage countries to solve legal problems in sports which are certainly in accordance with the policies of each country.
KONSEP TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN BIASA DAN PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA DALAM KATEGORI KEJAHATAN TERHADAP NYAWA
Authors: Masrita Wanda Eka Sri , Fanny Tanuwijaya  , Samuel Saut Martua Samosir
Published: January 2025

The crime of murder is included in the category of crimes against life. The qualifications for the crime of murder consist several forms listed in Articles 338-350 of the KUHP. Broadly speaking, forms of murder are divided into two, the crime of ordinary murder and the crime of premeditated murder. These two forms of criminal acts of murder have differences, namely in the element of planning. The provisions of Article 338 of the Criminal Code explain murder in basic form, namely the intentional killing of another person. Meanwhile, Article 340 of the Criminal Code explains the deliberate taking of another person's life which is preceded by a plan. However, the meaning planning element in the Criminal Code is not explained in detail. This needs to be studied further regarding the differences between ordinary murder and premeditated murder. In analyzing this research, the author uses a normative juridical method with a statutory regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this research show that when it comes to planning elements, criminal events and the evidentiary process are seen which are linked to the theory of legal science doctrine applied by judges as a guide in making legal considerations in decisions
Penerapan Gaya Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Madrasah untuk Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Guru di Madrasah
Authors: Sariyatul Masruro  , Ahmad Fatoni
Published: January 2025

Masalah penelitian ini berfokus pada konsistensi kedisiplinan guru di MI Al-Falah Pesanggrahan Jangkar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan gaya kepemimpinan demokratis oleh kepala madrasah dan bagaimana gaya kepemimpinan ini dapat meningkatkan kedisiplinan guru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan demokratis yang diterapkan oleh kepala madrasah berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan kedisiplinan guru. Temuan utama mencakup kesejahteraan dan kebutuhan guru yang menjadi prioritas, keterlibatan guru dalam pengambilan keputusan, pendekatan kekeluargaan dan musyawarah dalam menyelesaikan masalah disiplin, serta pemberian kebebasan yang meningkatkan motivasi dan dedikasi guru. Dukungan dari yayasan, pelatihan dan pengembangan rutin, serta pengelolaan perbedaan karakter guru menjadi faktor pendukung keberhasilan penerapan gaya kepemimpinan ini. Namun, hambatan seperti keterbatasan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan dinamika tim kerja juga ditemukan. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini meliputi peningkatan dukungan dari yayasan dan pengelola, pengadaan pelatihan dan pengembangan rutin, pengelolaan perbedaan karakter guru dengan bijak, penyempurnaan proses pengambilan keputusan, dan peningkatan koordinasi serta kerja sama tim
Effectiveness of Pandan Wangi (Pandanus Amaryllifolius) Leaf Extract on The Quality Of Preserving Salted Duck Eggs
Authors: Ika Rezvani Aprita  , Zulvia Maika Letis  , Mulla Kemalawaty  , Chairil Anwar  , Sukinem  , Irmayanti
Published: January 2025

Duck eggs are a source of animal protein which generally have lower foam properties and stability compared to purebred chicken eggs, so that the use of duck eggs is still very less compared to purebred chicken eggs in various processed food products. One form of processed food product from duck eggs is salted duck eggs which are obtained by preserving them using salt (salting). In the preservation process, duck eggs are very susceptible to contamination, so alternatives are needed that can inhibit bacterial growth. Fragrant pandan leaves (Pandanus Ammaryllifolius) are believed to be able to suppress the growth of Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which are 2 types of bacteria that are an indication of food safety. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of adding fragrant pandan leaf extract (Pandanus Amoryllifolius) on the quality of salted duck eggs produced. The method used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model analysis with the concentration factor of adding fragrant pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius). The method used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model analysis with the concentration factor of adding fragrant pandan leaf extract (Pandanus Amaryllifolius) consisting of 5 treatments, namely A = 0%, B = 3% C = 6%, D = 9 %, E = 12%. Each treatment was carried out 4 times to obtain 20 experimental units. Each treatment was carried out 4 times to obtain 20 experimental units. The results of the research showed that the addition of fragrant pandan leaf juice (Pandanus Amoryllifolius) had a significant effect on the organoleptic test of salted eggs, marked by a decrease in weight loss, ranging from 0,14-13,26 with an  average value of 3.09. The total microbacterial test ranged between 0.63x10-7 CFU/mL- 16.16 x 10-7 CFU/mL with an average value of 6.15 x 10-7 CFU/mL, and organoleptic test that the panelists still like.
UTILIZATION OF EGGSHELLS INTO CALCIUM POWDER FOR PLANTS WITH VINEGAR ADDITION IN GAMPONG LAMPISANG, PEUKAN BADA SUB-DISTRICT ACEH BESAR DISTRICT
Authors: Abdullah Umar Husein , Sri Agustina  , Yusran Akbar  , Elvi Zahara  , Ika Rezvani Aprita  , Hardiansyah A
Published: January 2025

This Community Service (CS) activity aims to provide information to the community about the use of eggshells as a source of calcium fertilizer with the addition of vinegar in Gampong Lampisang, Peukan Bada Sub-District, Aceh Besar District. The method of CS activities is that lecturers and students conduct a Gampong location survey which aims to find out the potential and situation in the Gampong, then plan what things will need to be presented and demonstrated to the community. Then the second stage, giving a direct explanation to the community about the Utilization of Egg Shells into Calcium Powder for Plants with the Addition of Vinegar. CS activities carried out in Gampong Lampisang, Peukan Bada District, Aceh Besar District have been carried out very well and smoothly thanks to the assistance of several parties, namely the LPPM Politeknik Indonesia Venezuela, the support of village officials and the people of Gampong Lampisang. The community gained more knowledge about how to utilize the remaining products or eggshell waste into organic fertilizers that are useful for plants and reduce waste in Lampisang Village
Refleksiv dramaturgi som veiviser i kunstpedagogisk arbeid sammen med barnehagebarn
Authors: Wiseth Hanne
Published: January 2025

Hensikten med artikkelen er å undersøke, hvordan a/r/tografen sikrer retning og framdrift i et kunstpedagogisk prosjekt i barnehagen, samtidig som barnas deltagelse, medskaping og lek ivaretas. Datamaterialet er hentet fra gjennomføringen av fire utforskende verksteder, der strategier fra egenskapt teater ble anvendt for å utvikle fantasiunivers i samspill med barnehagebarn. I artikkelen analyseres to sekvenser av leksamspill ved bruk av dramaturgisk analyse (Guss, 2017) og dramaturgi som praksis-teori (Knudsen, 2018; Lid, 2018; Szatkowski, 2017, 2019). Analysen viser hvor i forløpet og på hvilken måte a/r/tografen fremmer eller hemmer medskaping fra barna, og hvilke konsekvenser dette får for det videre leksamspillet. Artikkelen ser på utfordringer ved å være en deltagende forsker sammen med barnehagebarn, der konflikten ligger i konkurrerende hensyn knyttet til kunstneriske og pedagogiske valg. I drøftingen vil jeg diskutere om bruk av dramaturgi som praksis-teori kan hjelpe a/r/tografen å navigere i spennet mellom kunstneriske og pedagogiske hensyn, og hvordan aktiv og bevisst bruk av rollereversering kan skape framdrift i leksamspill med barn.
Granice wolności operatora wyznaczonego w określaniu sposobu świadczenia pocztowych usług powszechnych
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie, Snażyk Zofia
Published: January 2025

W artykule przedmiotem badań uczyniono zakres swobody operatora wyznaczonego w kształtowaniu sposobu świadczenia pocztowych usług powszechnych. Autor w pierwszej kolejności wskazał stałe elementy pocztowych usług powszechnych. Następnie przedstawiono zakres władzy dyskrecjonalnej państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w kształtowaniu sposobu świadczenia tychże usług, wyznaczony przez dyrektywy pocztowe. W dalszej części przedstawiono regulacje krajowe dotyczące parametrów zmiennych pocztowych usług powszechnych. Autor ocenił obowiązujący model kształtowania parametrów zmiennych pocztowych usług powszechnych jako niedostosowany do warunków rynkowych. Szczególnie krytycznie Autor odniósł się do minimalnego udziału operatora wyznaczonego w kształtowaniu sposobu świadczenia tychże usług. Zdaniem Autora właściwą formą prawną działania regulatora rynku są akty administracyjne, które powinny być stosowane w procedurze ustalania parametrów zmiennych pocztowych usług powszechnych przy udziale operatora wyznaczonego. Do wniosków de lege ferenda Autor zaliczył konieczność zmian definicyjnych w ustawie – Prawo pocztowe, w odniesieniu do placówki pocztowej oraz przesyłki rejestrowanej.
Elektrokimyasal Ayırma Yöntemi ile Sulu Çözeltilerden Bor Giderim Prosesinin Optimizasyonu
Authors: Polat Sevgi
Published: January 2025

Canlı yaşamının en temel ihtiyacı su, günümüzde teknolojinin ve endüstri alanlarının gelişmesiyle beraber ciddi oranda kirlenmektedir. Su kaynaklarının kısıtlı olması ve yakın gelecekte dünya nüfusunun su sıkıntısı yaşama olasılığının yüksek olduğu göz önüne alındığında, su kirliliğine sebep olabilen ve ülkemiz için önemli bir mineral olan borun sulardan uzaklaştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada, bor iyonlarının sulu çözeltilerden yenilikçi elektrokimyasal ayırma yöntemi kullanılarak giderilmesi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, aktif karbon ile kaplanarak hazırlanmış elektrotlar ve elektrokimyasal akış hücresi kullanılmıştır. Sürekli akış koşullarında bor adsorpsiyon verimini etkileyen akış hızı, hücreye uygulanan potansiyel ve bor konsantrasyonu parametrelerinin optimizasyonu Box-Behnken deney tasarımı yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1-5 ml/dak akış hızı, 0,5-1,5 V potansiyel ve 10-90 ppm bor konsantrasyonu aralıklarında bor iyonlarının adsorpsiyon deneyleri yapılmıştır. Deney tasarımı sonuçlarına göre, çalışılan üç parametre arasından akış hızının bor giderimini etkileyen en önemli parametre olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bor adsorpsiyon veriminin en yüksek olduğu (%94,1) optimum koşullar 1 ml/dak akış hızı, 0,5 V potansiyel ve 50 ppm bor konsantrasyonu olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, optimum koşullarda çalışılan elektrotların yüzey morfolojileri taramalı elektron mikroskobu kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir.
On the question of the origin of the subethnic group of Russian Arctic old-timers of Yakutia
Authors: Antonov Egor Petrovich
Published: January 2025

For the first time, the article identifies three stages in historiography on the topic of Russian settlement of the Arctic part of Yakutia: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet. The first of them was dominated by the idea of the resettlement of Russians by the Northern Sea Route from Pomerania to Indigirka. The second stage is characterized by the finds of the remains of a trade and fishing expedition of the XVII century on Taimyr, which proved the existence of ancient traditions of northern navigation. In the third period, evidence of the liquidation of the Russo-Georgian archive appeared, and works on the migration of Russians by the Northern Sea Route began to be evaluated as "local patriotic discourse". For the first time, documents from the United States prove the complex nature of the genesis of Russians in the Arctic occurred by sea and land, as well as assimilation with indigenous peoples.             The methodological basis of the study was the civilizational approach, since the genesis of the Russian old-timers of the Arctic was associated with the formation of their ethnocultural characteristics. In the pre-revolutionary period, based on folklore data and the Russo-Georgian archive, the question of Russian migration by sea from Pomerania to Yakutia was first raised. During the Soviet period, the discovery of the remains of a 17th-century commercial and fishing expedition on the Taimyr testified to the existence of ancient shipping traditions in Eastern Siberia. The genesis of historical legends began to be considered as the result of litigation over fishing areas between indigirschiki and Yakuts. The absence of archival documents on the voyages of the Pomors along the Northern Sea Route was noted and it was said about the flight of the ancestors of the indigirschiks from the epidemic from the south to the north. Russian Russian migration route in the post-Soviet period began to be regarded as not an academic, but a local patriotic discourse, the desire to increase their social status, turning them from "not quite Russian" into "the most Russian". The formation of Russian subethnoses occurred due to migration waves by the Northern Sea Route and the Cossack explorers of the XVII century. Indigenous peoples played a decisive role in the emergence of the Russian Arctic old-timers of Yakutia. Also, for the first time, archival documents introduced here in the United States support the conclusions about the centuries-old experience of Pomeranian sailors. The combination of oral traditions, archaeological data and archival materials confirm the guess about the multi-component nature of the origin of the Russian Arctic old-timers of Yakutia.
Multiplexing synchronization implementation of micro-nano laser chaotic system based on active-passive decomposition method
Authors: MU Penghua , WANG Yiqiao , HE Pengfei , XU Yuan ,   School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
Published: January 2025

Nanolaser (NL), as an important optical source device, has a significant influence on photonic integrated circuits and has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this work, the synchronization performance of a dual-channel laser chaotic multiplexing system is investigated based on NLs and an active-passive decomposition is used to enhance signal processing and multiplexing efficiency. By establishing a rate equation model, the synchronization characteristics of the system are analyzed, with a focus on two key parameters— Purcell factor (F) and spontaneous emission coupling factor (β)—as well as the effects of system parameters, single-parameter mismatch, and multi-parameter mismatch. Numerical simulations show that with appropriate parameter configurations, the two master NLs can maintain low correlation, ensuring the "pseudo-orthogonalily" of chaotic signals while achieving high-quality chaotic synchronization with their paired slave NLs. In this work it is found that both the Purcell factor (F) and the spontaneous emission coupling factor (β) significantly affect the synchronization performance of the system, and the optimal parameter ranges for achieving high-quality synchronization are identified. Additionally, the effects of feedback strength and frequency detuning are explored, revealing that frequency detuning plays a more critical role in the synchronization between the master NLs. The influence of parameter mismatches on system synchronization performance is also emphasized. The system exhibits robustness against single-parameter mismatch and has minimum influence on master-slave synchronization quality. However, multi-parameter mismatch gives rise to more complex effects. Compared with the traditional semiconductor laser systems, this system can maintain "pseudo-orthogonality" over a wider range of parameters, thus achieving higher security and lower channel interference. This research lays a theoretical foundation for chaos synchronization based on NLs and provides new insights for designing secure, stable, and efficient optical communication systems.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals cellular reprogramming and changes of immune cell subsets following tetramethylpyrazine treatment in LPS-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Wu Mingyan , Wang Shanmei , Chen Xiaolan , Shen Li , Ding Jurong , Jiang Hongbin
Published: January 2025

Background

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a disordered pulmonary disease characterized by acute respiratory insufficiency with tachypnea, cyanosis refractory to oxygen and diffuse alveolar infiltrates. Despite increased research into ALI, current clinical treatments lack effectiveness. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has shown potential in ALI treatment, and understanding its effects on the pulmonary microenvironment and its underlying mechanisms is imperative.

Methods

We established a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Bioinformatic analyses of the immune, epithelial and endothelial cells were then performed to explore the dynamic changes of the lung tissue microenvironment. We also analyzed the effects of TMP on the cell subtypes, differential gene expression and potential regulation of transcriptional factors involved. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to identify the effects of TMP on immune inflammatory response.

Results

We found that TMP efficiently protected against LPS-induced acute lung injury. Results of scRNA-seq showed that the cells were divided into seven major cell clusters, including immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. Neither dexamethasone (Dex) nor TMP treatment showed any significant protective effects in these clusters. However, TMP treatment in the LPS-induced ALI model significantly increased follicular helper T cells and reduced CD8+ naive T cells, Vcan-positive monocytes and Siva-positive NK cells. In addition, TMP treatment increased the number of basal epithelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), indicating its protective effects on these cell types. Scenic analysis suggested that TMP likely mitigates LPS-induced injury in epithelial and endothelial cells by promoting FOSL1 in basal epithelial cells and JunB in LECs.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that TMP appears to alleviate LPS-induced lung injury by regulating the immune response, promoting epithelial cell survival and boosting the antioxidant potential of endothelial cells. This study highlights the potential therapeutic use of TMP in the management of ALI.
Genome-wide analyses of the NAC transcription factor gene family in Acer palmatum provide valuable insights into the natural process of leaf senescence
Authors: Meng Xin , Feng Chun , Chen Zhu , Shah Faheem Afzal , Zhao Yue , Fei Yuzhi , Zhao Hongfei , Ren Jie
Published: January 2025

Acer palmatum is a deciduous shrub or small tree. It is a popular ornamental plant because of its beautiful leaves, which change colour in autumn. This study revealed 116 ApNAC genes within the genome of A. palmatum. These genes are unevenly distributed on the 13 chromosomes of A. palmatum. An analysis of the phylogenetic tree of Arabidopsis thaliana NAC family members revealed that ApNAC proteins could be divided into 16 subgroups. A comparison of ApNAC proteins with NAC genes from other species suggested their potential involvement in evolutionary processes. Studies suggest that tandem and segmental duplications may be key drivers of the expansion of the ApNAC gene family. Analysis of the transcriptomic data and qRT‒PCR results revealed significant upregulation of most ApNAC genes during autumn leaf senescence compared with their expression levels in summer leaves. Coexpression network analysis revealed that the expression profiles of 10 ApNAC genes were significantly correlated with those of 200 other genes, most of which are involved in plant senescence processes. In conclusion, this study contributes to elucidating the theoretical foundation of the ApNAC gene family and provides a valuable basis for future investigations into the role of NAC genes in regulating leaf senescence in woody ornamental plants.
The impact of induced stress on reactive and proactive control in depression
Authors: Masuyama Akihiro
Published: January 2025

Background

Depression, a widespread mental health issue, is often marked by impaired cognitive control, particularly in managing proactive and reactive processes. The Dual Mechanisms of Control (DMC) framework differentiates between these two modes of cognitive control: proactive control involves sustained goal maintenance, while reactive control is more stimulus-driven and transient. Stress, known to exacerbate cognitive dysfunction in depression, may influence the balance between these control processes, though the specific effects remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how acute stress influences proactive and reactive control in individuals with depressive symptoms.

Methods

A total of 142 participants were divided into high-stress and control conditions and further categorized based on their depression levels, measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Cognitive control was assessed using the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT), both before and after exposure to a stress-inducing anagram task, which was designed to differentiate between high-stress and low-stress conditions.

Results

Participants exposed to the high-stress condition reported significantly greater stress and fatigue levels compared to the control group, validating the stress manipulation. Although the balance between reactive and proactive control, as measured by the Proactive Behavioral Index (PBI), did not show significant changes, depressive individuals in the high-stress condition exhibited a significant decline in their ability to retain contextual information, as indicated by a reduction in the d’-context index. This suggests that depressive individuals may be more prone to stress-induced difficulties in proactive control.

Discussion

These findings highlight the selective impact of stress on proactive cognitive control in individuals with depressive symptoms, shedding light on a potential cognitive vulnerability in depression. While the balance between reactive and proactive control remained stable, the impaired retention of contextual information post-stress points to a specific deficit in proactive control. This could have implications for targeted cognitive interventions, such as cognitive control training, aimed at enhancing resilience against stress in depressive populations. Future research should explore the long-term effects of stress on cognitive control, particularly in clinically diagnosed individuals.