bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of quality and quality indicators of use of fields cotton production
Authors: Nurmukhambetova B. T. , Omarbekova M. T. , Sarbassova G. A. , Abildaev S. T. , Kadnikova O. Y.
Published: April 2022

Environmental problems of the textile industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan are mainly related to the disposal and regeneration of industrial waste, wastewater treatment, the creation of a circulating water supply system, dust removal of the air of the working area, etc.The production of yarn from low-grade cotton and production waste is one of the urgent problems of the industry affecting the economic efficiency of the functioning of textile enterprises.The use of spinning production waste and low-grade raw materials in the production of yarn of high linear density using the pneumomechanical spinning method allows to reduce the cost of a unit of production.Yarn produced with the investment of spinning production waste and low-grade raw materials is used in the manufacture of household, a number of technical, raincoat and clothing fabrics, where significant mechanical loads on the fabric are not required, as well as cotton wool and batting for the furniture and shoe industry. The paper considers issues related to the development of technology for the use of spinning production waste in the production of cotton yarn on the example of JSC «Makta».
Study of zoned tomato varieties in order to obtain a biologically active additive - lycopenecontaining dry powder
Authors: Velyamov M. T. , Kurasova L. A. , Potoroko I. , Velyamov Sh. M. , Sarsenova A. Zh. , Tagayeva A. B.
Published: April 2022

The development of technology for obtaining a biologically valuable product (lycopene containing dry powder) based on the processing of vegetable products (tomato pomace) will undoubtedly have a beneficial effect on the successful development of science and new technologies of the domestic market of the republic, and the introduction of the developed technology and the release of new products (lycopene containing dry powder), has great social and economic significance, since safe, with a natural health-improving effect products have a beneficial effect on human health, labor productivity and provide an effective basis for the development and improvement of the economy of the state. Considering that the use of these products in the daily consumer diet of people is very vital. Kazakhstan does not have an effective technology for deep processing of fruit and vegetable products, including tomatoes, and the available technologies are not perfect, therefore, useful indicators and demand for such products is falling. The purpose of the work is to develop a technology for deep processing of zoned tomato varieties after processing them to obtain a lycopene-containing dry powder from pomace in order to enrich food products. As a result of the research carried out, for the development of technology for obtaining high-value lycopene-containing dry powder, zoned tomato varieties bred at the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing were selected, in particular, such varieties as: "Leader", "Samaladai", "Dream", "Surprise", "Wonderful" and "Amber". To develop a technology for obtaining a high-value lycopene containing dry powder, 3 zoned varieties were selected, according to the highest content of β-carotene, i.e., varieties: "Samaladai" with a carotene content of 1.43 mg/100g, "Leader" - 1.16 mg/100g and "Amber" - 0.91 mg/100g, which will be further studied and used to develop a technology for deep processing of tomatoes, to obtain a dry powder suitable for food enrichment from BAS-lycopene pomace.
Research of the quality of dense wort for production of special purpose beer
Authors: Zhaksygulova A. , Baigaziyeva G. I. , Kekibayeva A. K.
Published: April 2022

Currently, the brewing industry in Kazakhstan is one of the leading in the production of beverages. Expanding the range, improving the functional properties of the drink is one of the conditions for competitiveness in the market of Kazakhstan and beyond. In this regard, production facilities strive to improve technology, use non-traditional raw materials, natural ingredients. One of the directions that will make it possible to obtain special-purpose beer is the use of high-density brewing with the use of syrups from nontraditional raw materials and the selection of production modes. This article explores the possibility of using Jerusalem artichoke syrup to obtain a dense wort and increase its functional properties. The results of the study showed the optimal use of syrup in a ratio of 70:30 to the wort in the process of boiling the wort with hops. That will allow you to get the wort with the specified characteristics: extractability - 15.9%, density - 1.0630 and the highest organoleptic characteristics. The content of vitamins in the developed wort can satisfy the daily requirement of the human body by 40-50% and determine the functional properties of the dense wort.
Infrared drying in technology of dried fruit from macrocarpous purple cherry plum
Authors: Alexeyeva N. V. , Satayev M. I. , Azimov A. M. , Samonin V. V. , Abdizhaparova B. T.
Published: April 2022

The application of infrared drying in the technology of production of dried fruit from macrocarpous purple cherry plum has been described in the paper. The employment of large-fruited purple cherry plum as the main raw material of the Turkestan region in the production of dried fruits has been scientifically substantiated. Analyzes of large-fruited purple cherry plum have proved the need of infrared drying for production of dried fruit. The technology of dried fruits from large-fruited red-violet cherry plum has been developed. Infrared drying was carried out in one stage at a temperature of 40-60°C for 5-6 hours when the moisture content of the dried cherry plum reached 15-16%. Samples of a valuable and healthy dried fruit from a large-fruited purple cherry plum with an improved appearance and a high content of useful macro- and microelements have been obtained. The developed technology will expand the assortment of dried fruit.
Physical and mathematical model of the processes of a device for processing watermelons
Authors: Nazimbekova A. E. , Tlevlessova D. A. , Kayrbaeva A. E.
Published: April 2022

The knowledge of the grinding processes of the pulp of fruits and vegetables is not sufficient. In this article, we examined the processes of destruction, grinding, mixing the pulp of watermelon. The criterion equations of these processes are derived taking into account the indicators of the pulp and peel of the watermelon. The derivation of criteria equations for calculating the characteristics of the processes used in the processing of watermelon fruits is considered. The mechanic-technological basis for calculating and designing machines for processing watermelons for food purposes is outlined. The results of experimental studies to determine the optimal kinematic and structural parameters of these machines are presented. The basic physic mechanical and rheological properties of watermelon fruits are given. One of the tasks set for the researcher was to choose a physical model of the processes of separation of pulp from the crust, destruction, grinding of pulp and mixing of the pulp. The values of these quantities depend both on the kinematic parameters of the dynamic interaction and on the physic mechanical and rheological properties of the fruits of melons. The obtained criteria equations can be used to determine the technological parameters of machines where it is necessary to destroy the fetus with minimal energy costs.
Evelopment of sets of special clothing for cancer patiens
Authors: Abenova I. R. , Zhilisbaeva R. O. , Mokeeva N. S. , Talgatbekova A. Zh.
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the features of materials and manufactured textiles with antibacterial impregnation, contributing to the rehabilitation of patients with cancer. In addition, the results of the study of antibacterial materials for the main physical and mechanical properties are presented. Sets of clothing are proposed to improve the general state of immunity during treatment, taking into account the results of the analysis of personal data, as well as the opinions of respondents-patients and doctors. The practical significance of the study lies in the use of innovative materials with antibacterial properties intended for the development of specialized clothing for cancer patients with functional and decorative details.
Establishment and Validation of Reference Values for Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines in Dried Blood Spots for Omani Newborns Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Al-Riyami Sulaiman , Al-Manei Matar , Al-Fahdi Assad , Al-Thihli Khalid
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To establish a reference range for acylcarnitines (ACs) and amino acids (AAs) concentrations in dried blood spot (DBS) samples of Omani neonates to detect inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), and to evaluate the effect of age and sex on ACs and AAs. Methods: Electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry (+ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine ACs and AAs concentrations in DBS samples collected from 1302 healthy newborns (0–7 days) delivered at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital between August 2008 and May 2009. Results: More than fifty biomarkers that allow diagnosis of various IEMs were measured, their 1stand 99thpercentile values determined, and compared with published international data. Our results were comparable with the corresponding figures from Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Report, despite a much smaller sample size. We found that age had a significant effect on most ACs and AAs except decadienoylcarnitin, decenoylcarnitine, adipylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine, steatoylcarnitine, tyrosin, phenylalanine, and valine. Sex of the neonate had insignificant effect on most ACs and AAs except free-carnitine, acetylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, octanoylcarnitine, malonylcarnitine, decanoylcarnitine, dodecenoylcarnitine, dodecanoylcarnitine, and tetradecanoylcarnitine. Conclusions: Tandem mass spectrometer is a highly effective tool for high throughput screening of IEM. This study is the first to publish reference intervals for ACs and AAs from DBS samples of Omani newborns. The results may prove to be of significance when determining cut-off values for newborn screening in the near future.
Implementasi Metode Extreme Programming Dalam Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Pendistribusian Dana Zakat Pada Baznas Kota Bekasi
Authors: Anastasia Tia , Putra Mardi Yudhi
Published: April 2022

Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kota Bekasi merupakan salah satu badan resmi yang memiliki tugas menyelenggarakan kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengoordinasian dalam pengumpulan, pendistribusian dan pendayagunaan zakat. Pendataan mustahik yang dilakukan dalam pendistribusian masih dilakukan dengan cara konvensional yakni mustahik yang datang langsung ke kantor BAZNAS Kota Bekasi membawa berkas persyaratan program yang  akan didata dengan menggunakan microsoft excel dan formulir masih berbentuk kertas, sehingga pengelolaan data program pendistribusian zakat belum baik dan mengakibatkan banyak berkas yang menumpuk serta hilang data yang disimpan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem informasi pendataan dan pendistribusian dana zakat serta dapat memberikan laporan penerimaan dan pendistribusian zakat yang lebih detail. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem informasi pendistribusian dana zakat dengan metode  Extreme  Programming  (XP)  berbasis  website,  menggunakan  bahasa  pemrograman  PHP  serta MySQL sebagai database
ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: CAN
CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR PLAY ITS ROLE?
Authors: Suan Chin Tee , Khan Anwar , Anwar Muhammad
Published: April 2022

This study aims to establish a link between entrepreneurship and sustainable socioeconomic development of Pakistan through the contributory role of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Using cross-sectional research design, data were collected through self-administered questionnaire from sample of 358 entrepreneurs. Data validity was determined by exploratory and confirmatory analyses and reliability through Cronbach Alpha. The linkages amid entrepreneurship and sustainable socioeconomic development were determined by using Structural Equation Modeling. Results indicated
that over CPEC, local entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial attitude and potential have improved and, entrepreneurship was significantly associated with entrepreneurship and sustainable socioeconomic development of Pakistan, whereas the impact of CPEC had partially mediated association between Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Socioeconomic Development. CPEC has stimulated the entrepreneurial growth in Pakistan by directing the local entrepreneurs of Pakistan in a novel way to enter the Asian markets, thus helping them to contribute towards the entrepreneurship and sustainable socioeconomic development of Pakistan.
Demographics as Correlates to Performance among Ambulance Personnel Providing Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) Management: Basis for a Proposed Personnel Competency Program
Authors: B. Dado Marydell Claire , C.Eupena Kenneth , T. Tolentino Keisha Danielle , B. Marzan Dr. Pricila , L. Teves Dr. Lucy , P. Duncano Vincent Louis
Published: April 2022

This research assessed the relationship between the demographics and performance among ambulance personnel providing Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) management leading to the development of a personnel competency program. Descriptive correlational research method was employed involving 75 ambulance personnel from 11 ambulance providers servicing Surigaodel Norte. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the profile and their performance in OHCA Management. Likewise, inferential statistics specifically Pearson r correlation was used to determine the relationship between variables. The study shows significant relationship existing between years of experience in ERS and ambulance personnel performance in transporting and managing OHCA patients.
Teacher Quality Improvement by Reinforcing Organization Support, Training Effectiveness, and Collaboration in B-Accredited Private Elementary Schools in Bogor Regency
Authors: Budiatmi Anna , M. Entang Soewarto Hadhienata,
Published: April 2022

Teacher quality refers to the level of teachers’ capability in providing education for their students by taking into account the capability of each student. However, according to a pre-survey, teacher quality in B-accredited private elementary schools in Bogor regency was still considered low. This concern intrigued the researcher to formulate several new methods and strategies which could be implemented in order to improve teacher quality by identifying and developing certain affecting variables which included organization support, training effectiveness, and collaboration. This study involved 710 teachers from 73 B-accredited private elementary schools in Bogor Regency as the population. Proportional random sampling method was administered for this study while the samples were taken by using Slovin formula with the sampling error rate of 5%. The final samples were 256 teachers from 38 schools. The method of this study was quantitative method with SITOREM analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relation between organization support and teacher quality with correlation coefficient (RY1) of 0.759 (strong), there is a positive and significant relation between training effectiveness and teacher quality with correlation coefficient(RY1) of 0.726 (strong), and there was a positive and significant relation between collaboration and teacher quality with correlation coefficient(RY1) of 0.591 (medium). These result simplied that teacher productivity and quality can be improved by reinforcing the variables of organization support, training effectiveness, and collaboration. Based on SITOREM analysis from these research variables, there are sixteen indicators that need to be adjusted in order to improve teacher quality. On the level of priority, they are; 1) commitment to improve employees’ welfare, 2) work rewards, 3) contribution, 4)environmental circumstances, 5)cost effectiveness, 6) behaviours, 7) feedbacks, 8) organization results, 9)shared perceptions, 10)priority on common interest, 11)benefits,12)interactions,13) integrity, 14) creativity, 15) inspirations, and 16) professionalism. Meanwhile, some indicators that should be well-maintained include improvement on employee’s motivation, learning, honesty, and positive attitudes.
A study of the effectiveness of homoeopathically prepared dilutions of abscisic acid, molybdenum and allopurinol in inhibiting or promoting the germination of barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors:   , Evans Nicole Paula
Published: April 2022

Introduction This study investigated the effectiveness of homoeopathic dilutions of abscisic acid (ABA), molybdenum and allopurinol on inhibiting or promoting the germination of barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare cv. Stirling, ex Caledon, Western Cape, South Africa, 1998 harvest). Recent research involving ABA and seed germination has shown mixed results, with Bruni (2001), finding there to be statistically significant biological effects, but Couchman (2001) not. Objective/Aim/Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of homoeopathic dilutions of ABA, molybdenum and allopurinol (two substances which have an effect on ABA metabolism), especially those above the 10-23 level (Avogadro’s dilution limit), on germination, in light of recent findings. Abscisic acid, a plant hormone and molybdenum, a trace element, both play an essential role in inducing dormancy of the seed. Allopurinol, a therapeutic drug, has also been shown to affect ABA metabolism and therefore seed germination. The study used all three substances individually and in combination, in homoeopathic dilutions ranging from 4CH to 200CH potency. Methodology There were 7 treatments with 5 potencies per treatment (4CH, 9CH, 15CH, 30CH and 200CH). Each potency level for each treatment had a control, which meant there were 5 controls per treatment. The seeds (distally cut) were placed in 9cm Petri dishes (20 seeds in each), with 5 repetitions, 100 seeds per dilution level with one control of 20 seeds. There were thus 600 (120 x 5) seeds per treatment and 4200 seeds in total (600 x 7 treatments). Seeds were germinated in the dark at a constant temperature. Counts were done every 24 hours for 3 days and the data recorded. The criterion for germination was radical emergence. Results The data was analysed statistically using Univariate Analysis of Variance (STATISTICA version 6). The results showed statistically significant interaction between treatments and potencies and a One-Way Anova was then used to analyse each treatment to determine the effectiveness of each potency. Statistically significant differences were noted between potencies for each treatment. From the results it was clear that the most effective treatment for stimulating germination was the treatment utilizing homoeopathic dilutions of allopurinol. The most effective treatment for inhibiting germination was the treatment utilizing ABA in homoeopathic dilutions. The 30CH (10-60) showed a statistically significant effect on the stimulation of germination across almost all treatments, whereas the 15CH (10-30) showed a statistically significant effect in inhibiting germination in most treatments. Conclusion It is evident from the results of this study that all the treatments produced distinct biological effects, whether it be stimulating germination or inhibiting germination in homoeopathic dilution.
The primary headaches in allied health students at the Durban University of Technology (DUT)
Authors:   , Prangley Johan
Published: April 2022

Background: A headache is a common complaint in daily practice and occurs across all ethnicities and both genders. These headaches can cause a decrease in productivity and quality of life. Studies carried out in defined population groups are useful in developing an understanding of the factors that influence headaches, however these are limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence of primary headaches in Allied Health students at the Durban University of Technology (DUT), identify the factors that influence the prevalence of these headaches and to determine the association of these headaches with activities of daily life and productivity. Methods: The study was an epidemiological, cross sectional survey of primary headaches with a study population of ±420. Each willing participant received a Letter of Information outlining the study and a questionnaire for completion. Results: Three hundred and eleven questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. Of these 24.1% (n=75) did not experience headaches and the remaining 75.9% (n=236) were classified as having had either non-primary headache, migraine-type headache (MTH), tension-type headache (TTH) or cluster-type headache (CTH). Headaches were prevalent amongst the student population and several factors were associated with the headaches. CTHs tended to have the most impact on the student as an individual, due to its intensity. MTHs and TTHs tended to have a greater effect on the student population, mainly due to their high incidence.
The perceptions of selected stakeholders on the integration of chiropractic into the KwaZulu-Natal healthcare system
Authors:   , Wise Ivan Robin
Published: April 2022

Background: Chiropractic in South Africa seems to be gaining acceptance by medicine with increased recognition from the private healthcare sector. This trend is reflected by the recognition of private healthcare providers of chiropractic services. Integration would accelerate the growth of the chiropractic profession in this country. It is therefore important to understand how chiropractic is currently perceived with respect to integration into the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) healthcare system. As well as to determine factors perceived to facilitate or hinder this integration. Objectives: To explore and describe the perceptions of selected stakeholders about the integration of the chiropractic profession into the KZN healthcare system. Method: The sample included ten selected stakeholders within the KZN healthcare sector. Each participant participated in a semi-structured interview. Questions included participants‟ experience of chiropractic, the role and scope of chiropractic practice, and key developmental issues affecting integration. Interviews were captured on a digital voice recorder and transcribed into text. Data was analysed by the use of NVivo software (NVivo 8, developed and designed in Australia, copyright 2008 QSR International Pty Ltd. ABN 47 006 357 213). Results: The majority of participants (n = 7) had a positive experience of chiropractic, but few (n= 2) recognised the diagnostic role of chiropractic. All participants, except two doctors, believed that integrating chiropractic into the public healthcare system would benefit the healthcare fraternity, the chiropractic profession and patients. However, hindering factors perceived by the participants included: chiropractors practicing non-evidence based techniques; chiropractic being registered with a different council and being taught at a different institution to conventional medical professionals; and most importantly a lack of knowledge of the profession. Facilitating factors were III perceived to be: increased education of stakeholders about chiropractic; improved communication between chiropractors and medical doctors; improved marketing strategy; and lastly improved patient management. Conclusions: A positive experience of chiropractic is directly affected by a positive exposure to the profession. The profession itself is responsible for dispelling some of the confusion it has created, by collectively practicing evidence based medicine, and marketing a united message to stakeholders.
Venoarterial modified ultrafiltration versus conventional arteriovenous modified ultrafiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
Authors:   , Mohanlall Rakesh
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION: The role of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) in removing inflammatory mediators, reducing the need for homologous donor blood and decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has already been established. Different types of MUF systems evaluated illustrated that none of the MUF techniques adhered to the normal venous to arterial blood flow dynamics. OBJECTIVES: This experimental study compared a conventional arteriovenous modified ultrafiltration (AVMUF) system to a custom designed venoarterial modified ultrafiltration (VAMUF) system. This technique of VAMUF was designed to mimic the pro-grade flow pattern of the body and cardiopulmonary bypass circuit as compared to the conventional retrograde AVMUF systems. METHODS: Sixty patients that underwent MUF were divided into two groups, the AVMUF (n = 30) and the VAMUF (n=30) groups. Modified ultrafiltration was performed for a mean time of 12 minutes in both groups. In AVMUF blood was removed from the aorta, haemoconcentrated and infused into the right atrium (RA). In VAMUF blood flow was from the RA through a haemoconcentrator and re-infused into the aorta. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in any of the demographic variables, CPB or crossclamping time. Results showed significant difference in the ventilation times, with the VAMUF requiring a shorter ventilation time than the AVMUF group. Intensive care unit (ICU) stay, Hospital stay and discharge days were all significantly lower in the VAMUF group as well. The VAMUF also showed a lower percentage fluid balance than the AVMUF. The systolic and mean blood pressure was significantly higher after VAMUF with a decrease in heart rate, and central venous pressure (CVP). The VAMUF group showed a significantly greater decrease of Creatinine, serum lactacte and uric acid over time with no significant differences in oximetry. CONCLUSION: Results prove that VAMUF is more effective compared to the conventional AVMUF regarding the haemodynamics and clinical parameters of the patient and is more physiological with regards to blood flow dynamics. The VAMUF is, therefore, a more physiological technique than AVMUF.
Tarracròpolis: un viatge de 2.000 anys d’història
Authors: Brull Alabart Josep M. , Gorostidi Diana , Macias Solé Josep Maria , Moncunill Cirac Lluís M. , Muñoz Melgar Andreu , Muñoz Virgili Andreu , Ramon Mas Míriam , Teixell Navarro Immaculada
Published: April 2022

El Museu Bíblic Tarraconense té la seva seu a l’anomenada Casa dels Concilis al costat de la catedral de Tarragona. L’edifici constitueix un singular “palimpsest arquitectònic” paradigma del fenomen de les transformacions urbanes de les ciutats mediterrànies. L’equipament museístic disposa, des del 14 de desembre de 2020, d’un nou espai interpretatiu destinat a explicar l’evolució històrica de l’acròpolis de Tarragona. Aquest, esdevé una eina eficaç per explicar el fenomen de transformació topogràfica i urbanística d’una ciutat històrica que tingué, dalt del seu turó costaner, l’epicentre polític i religiós d’una capital provincial romana i, més endavant, de la Seu metropolitana i primada de l’Església hispana. És un nou equipament que complementa la visita del Museu Bíblic i del centre històric de Tarragona. També pretén impulsar la disseminació del coneixement científic al posar a l’abast els resultats de les investigacions científiques que durant aquests darrers vint anys han ocupat l’atenció de l’equip d’investigació. La publicació «Tarracròpolis: un viatge de 2.000 anys d’història» ha recollit els continguts, les peces museístiques, les imatges, les reconstruccions arquitectòniques i un conjunt de reproduccions en 3D que formen part de l‘espai d’interpretació. És una edició que se suma a dos publicacions més: «Praesidium, Templum et Ecclesia. Les intervencions arqueològiques a la Catedral de Tarragona (2010-2011)» (2012) i «Amphiteatrum, Memoria Martyrum et Ecclesiae» (2013). Aquesta trilogia és resultat de la convicció dels seus autors d’impulsar una eina de transferència del coneixement combinant investigació i museografia amb l’ajut de persones, administracions i entitats que estimen el patrimoni i l’entenen com un actiu indispensable per a la formació integral de la societat.
Influence of urbanized territories on mitotic activity of onion root meristem cells (Allium cepa L.)
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Alehina Gelena , Knutarev Nikolay , Verkhoshentseva Julia , Shamraev Alexander , Hardikova Svetlana
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of the use of cytogenetic methods in assessing the impact of urbanized territories on the mitotic activity of cells of the onion root meristem Allium cepa L. The research was carried out on 4 sites with different anthropogenic load. The Allium test research method is based on the analysis of the values of the mitotic index of the meristem cells of the Allium cepa L. root sprouted on the melted snow water of the studied points. The study showed that pollution of urbanized territories has a mutagenic effect, causing the formation of chromosomal aberrations and other types of mitosis pathology in the cells of the apical meristem of the roots of Allium cepa L. Keywords: CYTOGENETIC METHODS, MITOTIC INDEX, ALLIUM TEST, ONION, URBANIZED TERRITORIES
Analysis of the state of vegetation cover on the territory of protected areas using remote sensing
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Zhumbei Anton , Bezuglova Olga , Litvinov Yurii
Published: April 2022

Protected areas of different types use as an instrument for reaching different goals. Physical verification and investigation of environmental resources are necessary. The “Tsymlyanskiy” state reserve territory is located on one of the unique Rostov and Volgograd sand massifs. The vegetation of the object is represented by intrazonal natural plant communities and artificial forestries. During the reserve’s vegetation inventory, methods were used: benchmarking technique, field study, and building the digital elevation model based on the data from SRTM3. Seven vegetation types were identified, and the main patterns of their dissemination were revealed. Keywords: THE “TSYMLYANSKIY” STATE RESERVE, REMOTE SENSING, VEGETATION, MAPPING, NDVI
Methods of chemical autography based on electrolysis using ultrasonic sample processing
Authors:   RGAU-MSHA named after K. A. Timiryazev, Savich Vitaliy , Efimov Oleg , Tazin Ivan , Polyakov Alexey
Published: April 2022

The paper proposes the determination of mobile compounds of iron, manganese, calcium, and magnesium in soils by chemical autography based on electrolysis at a voltage of 75 volts and soil treatment with ultrasound. It is shown that Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg compounds in soils are represented by both positively and negatively charged complexes. An increase in the electrolysis time led to an increase in the transition of the studied ions into the solution. Ultrasound treatment of soils increased the yield of elements from the soil into the ionite membrane. Keywords: SOIL, CHEMICAL AUTOGRAPHY, ELECTROLYSIS, MOBILITY OF Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, ULTRASOUND EFFECT
Features of physico-chemical properties of chernozems and their agroecological assessment
Authors: Gukalov Viktor , Savich Vitaliy , Sedykh Vladimir , Tazin Ivan
Published: April 2022

The paper shows that in the agroecological assessment of chernozems, it is necessary to take their features into account: high depositing capacity, low reaction rate, large absorption capacity, largely due to the content of humus and montmorillonite, large capacity of the humus layer, high buffering and buffer capacity. Agricultural use of chernozems without detailed consideration of their properties and interrelations between properties leads to their degradation. It is proposed to take into account the depositing capacity of soils, the kinetics of reactions occurring in them, and the interrelationships of soil properties. The manifestation of the law of diminishing returns is shown not only in the economic assessment of investments, but also in improving the quality of agricultural products, increasing soil fertility. Keywords: CHERNOZEM, SOIL FERTILITY, KINETICS, RELATIONSHIPS, DEPOSITING CAPACITY, THE LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS
Where are the vesicles? A case report of Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Authors: Fader Farhan , Gendeh Hardip Singh , Goh Bee See
Published: April 2022

A 1-year-10-month-old child developed left-sided Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) without vesicles 1 month after an episode of varicella zoster infection. No ear symptoms, including hearing loss, tinnitus, or imbalance, were reported. The external ear and otoscopic examinations were unremarkable. He achieved adequate recovery with corticosteroid treatment. This case report discusses the unusual presentation of RHS without vesicles, the diagnostic dilemma in young children, varicella zoster virus hepatitis, treatment modalities, and the role of vaccination in its prevention.
Insight into seasonal aerosol concentrations, meteorological influence, and transport over the Pan-Third Pole region using multi-sensors satellite and model simulation
Authors: Rai Mukesh , Kang Shichang , Yang Junhua , Rupakheti Maheswar , Rupakheti Dipesh , Tripathee Lekhendra , Hu Yuling , Chen Xintong
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The Pan-Third Pole (PTP) owns complex geography and demographic features where aerosol roles and their impact cannot be neglected as it jeopardizes both the environment and human health. Therefore, we analyzed spatio-temporal aerosol concentration, the influence of meteorological conditions, and underlying aerosol transport mechanisms over the PTP by leveraging observation, satellite dataset, and model outputs. The observation and model simulation result showed that aerosol concentrations exceeded the world health organization (WHO) and China guideline values in most of the locations. This study revealed distinctive seasonality with the highest and lowest aerosol concentrations during the winter and summer seasons, respectively, which could be favored by meteorological conditions and emissions from biomass burning. In response to higher aerosol concentrations, the maximum aerosol optical depth (AOD) values were observed over the major hotspot regions however, interestingly summer high (AOD > 0.8) was observed over the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) in South Asia. The columnar aerosol profile indicated that the higher aerosol concentrations were limited within 1–2 km elevation over the densely populated regions over South Asia and Eastern China. However, the significant aerosols concentrations found to be extended as high as 10 km could potentially be driven by the deep convection process and summer monsoon activities. Regionally, the integrated aerosol transport (IAT) for black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) was found to be maximum over SA. Noticeable OC IAT anomaly (~5 times > annual mean) found during spring that was linked with the biomass burning events. Yet, the dust transportation was found to be originated from the arid land and deserts that prolonged especially during summer followed by spring seasons. This study highlights the driver mechanism in aerosol seasonality, transport mechanism, and further motivates the additional assessment into potential dynamic relation between aerosol species, aerosol atmospheric river, and its societal impact.
Effects of temperature and salinity on sea-spray-aerosol formation simulated with a bubble-generating chamber
Authors: Sofieva Svetlana , Asmi Eija , Atanasova Nina S. , Heikkinen Aino E. , Vidal Emeline , Duplissy Jonathan , Romantschuk Martin , Kouznetsov Rostislav , Kukkonen Jaakko , Bamford Dennis H. , Hyvärinen Antti-Pekka , Sofiev Mikhail
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A new bubble-generating glass chamber design with an extensive set of aerosol production experiments is presented. Compared to the experiments described in the literature, current setup is among the medium-sized installations allowing precise control over the air discharge, water temperature and salinity. The size and material of the chamber offer variety of applications due to its portability, measurement setup adjustability and sterilization option. The experiments have been conducted in a cylindrical bubbling tank of 10 l volume filled by ~30–40 % with water of controlled salt content and temperature and covered with a hermetic lid. The chamber was used to study the characteristics of the aerosols produced by bursting bubbles under different conditions. In line with previous findings, the sea spray aerosol production was shown to depend linearly on the surface area covered by the bubbles, which in turn is a near-linear function of the air discharge through the water. Observed dependencies of the aerosol size spectra and particle fluxes on water salinity and temperature, being qualitatively comparable with the previous experiments, substantially refined the existing parameterizations. In particular, the bubble size was practically independent from the air discharge through the water body, except for very small flows. Also, the dependence of aerosol spectrum and amount on salinity was much weaker than suggested in some previous experiments. The temperature dependence, to the contrary, was significant and consistent, with a transition in the spectrum shape at ~10 °C. Theoretical analysis based on the basic conservation laws supported the main results of the experiments but also highlighted the need of better understanding of the aerosol production from a cold water surface.
Source apportionment of black carbon and combustion-related CO2 for the determination of source-specific emission factors
Authors: Alfoldy Balint , Gregorič Asta , Ivančič Matic , Ježek Irena , Rigler Martin
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Black carbon aerosol (BC) typically has two major sources in the urban environment; traffic, and domestic biomass burning which has a significant contribution to urban air pollution during the heating season. Traffic emissions have been widely studied by both laboratory experiments (individual vehicle emission) and real-world measurement campaigns (fleet emission). However, emission information from biomass burning is limited, especially an insufficiency of experimental results from real-world studies. In this work, the black carbon burden in the urban atmosphere was apportioned to fossil fuel (FF) and biomass burning (BB) related components using the Aethalometer source apportionment model. Applying the BC source apportionment information, the combustion-related CO2 was apportioned by multi-linear regression analysis, supposing that both CO2 components should be correlated with their corresponding BC component. The combination of the Aethalometer model with the multi-linear regression analysis (AM-MLR) provided the source-specific emission ratios (ER) as the slope of the corresponding BC-CO2 regression. Based on the ER values, the source-specific emission factors (EFs) were determined using the carbon content of the corresponding fuel. The analysis has been carried out on a three-month long BC and CO2 dataset collected at three monitoring locations in Ljubljana, Slovenia, between December 2019 and March 2020. The measured mean site-specific concentration values were in the 3500–4800 ng m-3 and 458–472 ppm range for BC and CO2, respectively. The determined average EFs for BC were 0.39 and 0.16 g/(kg fuel) for traffic and biomass burning, respectively. It was also concluded that the traffic-related BC component dominates the black carbon concentration (55–65 % depending on the location), while heating has the major share in the combustion-related CO2 (53–62 % depending on the location). The method gave essential information on the source-specific emission factors of BC and CO2, enabling better characterization of urban anthropogenic emissions and the respective measures that may change the anthropogenic emission fingerprint.
Evaluation of the New York State Mesonet Profiler Network Data
Authors: Shrestha Bhupal , Brotzge Jerald A. , Wang Junhong
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The New York State Mesonet (NYSM) Profiler Network consists of 17 stations statewide. Each station operates a ground-based Doppler lidar (DL), a microwave radiometer (MWR) and an environmental Sky Imaging Radiometer (eSIR) that collectively provide profiles of wind speed and direction, aerosol, temperature, and humidity along with solar radiance, optical depth parameters and fish-eye sky images. This study presents a multi-year multi-station evaluation of Profiler Network data to determine the robustness and accuracies of the instruments deployed with respect to well-defined measurements. The wind speed (WS) measured by the DL and temperature (T) and water vapor density (WVD) measured by the MWR at three NYSM Profiler Network sites are compared to nearby National Weather Service radiosonde (RS) data while the aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by the eSIR at two Profiler sites are compared to nearby in-situ measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The overall comparison results show agreement between the DL/MWR and RS data with a correlation of R2 ≥ 0.89 and between AERONET and eSIR AOD data with R2 ≥ 0.78. The WS biases are statistically insignificant and equal to 0 (p > 0.05) within 3 km whereas T and WVD biases are statistically significant and are below 5.5 ºC and 1.0 g m-3, within 10 km. The AOD biases are also found to be statistically significant and are within 0.02. The performance of the DL, MWR and eSIR are consistent across sites with similar error statistics. When compared during three different weather conditions, the MWR is found to have slightly varying performance, with T errors higher during clear sky days while WVD errors higher during cloudy and precipitation days. To correct such observed biases, a linear regression method was developed and applied to the MWR data. In addition, wind shear from the DL and 14 common thermodynamic parameters derived from the MWR show an agreement with RS values with mostly R2 ≥ 0.70 and biases mostly statistically insignificant. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of DL/MWR for nowcasting a severe weather event. Overall, this study demonstrates the robustness, reliability, and value of the Profiler Network for real-time weather operations.
Influence of fast ice on future ice shelf melting in the Totten Glacier area, East Antarctica
Authors: Van Achter Guillian , Fichefet Thierry , Goosse Hugues , Moreno-Chamarro Eduardo
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The Totten Glacier in East Antarctica is of major climatic interest because of the large fluctuations of its grounding line and potential vulnerability to climate change. Here, we use a series of high-resolution, regional NEMO-LIM-based experiments, which include an explicit treatment of ocean–ice shelf interactions as well as a representation of grounded icebergs and fast ice, to investigate the changes in ocean–ice interactions in the Totten Glacier area between the last decades (1995–2014) and the end of the 21st century (2081–2100) under SSP4–4.5 climate change conditions. By the end of the 21st century, the wide areas of multiyear fast ice simulated in the recent past are replaced by small patches of first year fast ice along the coast, which decreases the total summer sea ice extent. The Antarctic Slope Current is accelerated by more than 90 % and the Totten ice shelf melt rate is increased by 41 % due to enhanced warm water intrusions into its cavity. The representation of fast ice dampens the ice shelf melt rate increase, as the Totten ice shelf melt rate increase reaches 58 % when fast ice is not taken into account. The Moscow University ice shelf melt rate increase is even more impacted by the representation of fast ice, with a 1 % melt rate increase with fast ice, compared to a 38 % increase without a fast ice representation. This highlights the importance of including representation of fast ice to simulate realistic ice shelf melt rate increase in East Antarctica under warming conditions.
Low sensitivity of three terrestrial biosphere models to soil texture over the South-American tropics
Authors: Meunier Félicien , Verbruggen Wim , Verbeeck Hans , Peaucelle Marc
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Drought stress is an increasing threat for vegetation in tropical regions, especially in the context of human-induced increase of drought frequency and severity, as observed over South American forests. Drought stress is induced when a plant's water demand is not met with its water supply through root water uptake. The latter depends on root and soil properties, including soil texture (i.e. the soil clay and sand fractions) that determines the soil water availability and its hydraulic properties. Soil clay content was shown to be responsible for a significant fraction of the spatial variability in forest structure and productivity. Yet, large uncertainties remain for soil textural properties at the regional level and it is currently unclear how those uncertainties propagate into the outputs of Terrestrial Biosphere Models (TBMs) that are used to predict the response of vegetation ecosystems to future climate change scenarios. In this study, we evaluated the heterogeneity in soil textural properties from the global SoilGrids250m product, and we then assessed the sensitivity of the carbon cycle of tree TBMs (namely ORCHIDEEv2.2, ED2, and LPJ-GUESS) to the variability in soil textural properties at the regional level over the South-American tropics using model default pedotransfer functions. When the SoilGrids product was aggregated from its finest (250m) to a coarser spatial resolution typical of TBM simulations (0.5°), the intra-gridcell variability in soil texture rapidly increased to reach an order of magnitude similar to the inter-gridcell variability. All explored model outputs of each TBM, including gross primary productivity, aboveground biomass, soil carbon content and drought stress, were shown to be insensitive to soil texture changes, except for a limited region characterized by low water-availability in ORCHIDEEv2.2 and ED2. We argue that generic pedotransfer and simple drought stress functions, as currently implemented in TBMs, should be reconsidered to better capture the role of soil texture and its coupling to plant processes, which will be critical to properly account for future increasing drought stress conditions in tropical regions.
How uncertain are precipitation and peakflow estimates for the July 2021 flooding event?
Authors: Saadi Mohamed , Furusho-Percot Carina , Belleflamme Alexandre , Chen Ju-Yu , Trömel Silke , Kollet Stefan
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The disastrous July 2021 flooding events made us question the ability of current hydrometeorological tools in providing timely and reliable flood forecasts. This is an urgent concern since extreme events are increasing due to global warming. For the July 2021 events, we simulated the hourly streamflows of seven catchments in western Germany, by combining five, partly polarimetric, radar-based quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) with two hydrological models: a conceptual lumped model (GR4H) and a physically-based, 3D distributed model (ParFlowCLM). GR4H parameters were calibrated with emphasis on high flows using historical discharge observations, whereas ParFlowCLM parameters were estimated based on landscape and soil properties. The key results are as follows: (1) All radar-based QPE products underestimated the total precipitation depth relatively to rain gauges due to intense collision-coalescence processes near the surface, i.e. below the height levels monitored by the radars. (2) The use of polarimetric radar variables led to clear improvements compared to reflectivity-based QPE products. (3) The probability of exceeding the highest measured peakflow before July 2021 was highly impacted by the QPE product, and depended on the catchment for both models. (4) The estimation of model parameters had a larger impact than the choice of QPE product, but simulated peakflows of ParFlowCLM agreed with those of GR4H for five of the seven catchments. This study highlights the need for the correction of vertical profiles of reflectivity and other polarimetric variables near the surface to improve radar-based QPE for extreme floods. It also underlines the large uncertainty in peakflow estimates due to model parameter estimation.