bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Visceral Fat Index on Perioperative Efficacy of Laparoscopic Radical Resection for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Dahong Zhang , Qiang Yu , Quan Lv , Zheng Xiang
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of visceral fat index (VAI) on perioperative period after radical resection of colorectal cancer, and analyze the relationship between VAI and postoperative complications. At the same time, we also discussed whether the correlation between VAI and complications is superior to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and other common body fat indicators.

Methods: From October 2021 to June 2022, 178 colorectal cancer patients in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were collected. Various indexes of patients were obtained through preoperative physical examination and blood examination. VAI value was calculated by formula, because of the high triglyceride-waist-circumference phenotype (increased waist circumference and hypertriglyceridemia) and visceral fat index (Vai, assessed according to waist circumference, body mass index, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) , it is considered a cheap and effective marker for visceral (intra-abdominal) obesity and metabolic disorders. and then divided into groups according to dichotomy. Because the visceral index grade was divided into a total of 30 grades, according to grade, into the high VAI value group (VAI grade more than 15 grades) and the low VAI group (no more than 4 grades), with 89 patients in the high VAI group; There were 89 patients in the low VAI group. The relationship between VAI value and postoperative complications of patients was discussed by using statistical methods, and whether it was better than other body fat indexes was further analyzed.

Results: 178 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 89 patients in the high VAI group and 89 patients in the low VAI group according to the dichotomy. In patients with high VAI value, the operation time was significantly prolonged (213.01 ± 63.67 vs 190.34 ± 68.69 p=0.02), and the tumor N stage was higher (p=0.04). The results of ROC curve revealed that the area under the curve of VAI value was larger than that of BMI, waist circumference, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein, suggesting that the value of VAI value was higher in diagnosis.

Conclusions: The increase of VAI can prolong the operation time of colorectal cancer patients undergoing radical surgery, affect the recovery of the body after surgery, and increase the risk of complications. At the same time, compared with BMI, waist circumference, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein, VAI has a better prediction effect on complications, which can be popularized in clinical work.
Swarm Earthquake Hypocenter Relocation in Ambarawa 22 October – 24 November 2021 using Double Difference Method
Authors: Putri Novita Sari Priyanto , Yuliyanto Gatot , Harmoko Udi
Published: May 2023

The swarm earthquake that occurred in Ambarawa from October 22 to November 24, 2021, was an earthquake with a relatively small magnitude and occurred repeatedly over a certain time span, which is commonly called an earthquake swarm. Disaster mitigation efforts needs to be carried out considering that the area most of the tourist destinations. To assist disaster mitigation efforts, it is necessary to relocate the hypocenter. The relocation of the hypocenter itself aims to obtain an earthquake hypocenter position that has a higher level of accuracy by taking into account the RMS (Root Mean Square) value. The data used in this study is data from the earthquake swarm that occurred in Ambarawa obtained from the Geophysics Station Class I Sleman, Yogyakarta. The method used to relocate in this study is the Double Difference Method using hypoDD software. The purpose of research is to obtain the hypocenter point of the earthquake which is the trigger for the earthquake as a form of disaster mitigation effort. The results is study are changes in the position of the earthquake hypocenter that form clusters in the area around the border of the Ambarawa subdistrict and Banyubiru subdistrict after the relocation. On average, a swarm earthquake occurs at a depth of 0 – 15 km below the surface with an average magnitude ≤ 3 SR and triggered by fault activity around Ambarawa.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elevated Blood Pressure among People Living with HIV Aged 35-65 Attending Kabutare District Hospital
Authors: BERNARD UWINGABIRE , NSANZABERA Charles , Safari Ernest
Published: May 2023

The survival rate among People living with HIV has globally increased due to access to Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs). However, ARTs in turn resulted in emerging NCDs, including elevated blood pressure, where the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the Epicenter. The overall prevalence of Hypertension in Rwanda is 15.9% with expected increase to 17.78 in 2025. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of elevated blood pressure among adult people living with HIV attending Kabutare district hospital in the Southern Province, Rwanda.
ASPECTOS GERAIS DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE CARTUCHOS DE ESPINGARDAS E SEU IMPACTO NO MANEJO DA ESPINGARDA CBC PUMP MILITARY 3.0 RT COM CANO DE 16”
Authors: Cardoso Daniel Keiny
Published: May 2023

Este artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de orientar e dirimir dúvidas quanto ao correto manuseio da Espingarda CBC Pump Military 3.0 RT com cano 16” (dezesseis polegadas), com enfoque na capacidade de cartuchos que podem ser inseridos no tubo depósito da referida arma. A motivação do autor para a produção deste trabalho científico surgiu da observação de operadores das forças de segurança pública, principalmente da PMPR[1], os quais apresentavam dúvidas quanto à quantidade máxima adequada de cartuchos Condor AM403P a serem alimentados no tubo depósito da espingarda citada, somado à percepção de que o desconhecimento de detalhes técnicos sobre cartuchos de espingardas e do manejo da arma faz com que os operadores, por vezes, utilizem a espingarda de maneira a propiciar ocorrência de incidentes de tiro. Visando esclarecer tais dúvidas, são apresentados aspectos técnicos dos cartuchos de espingardas, bem como da arma específica em pauta neste estudo, concluindo-se com apontamentos sobre qual a melhor maneira de operação da Espingarda CBC Pump Military 3.0 RT com cano 16” (dezesseis polegadas).
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO DE SERVIÇO SOCIAL: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES
Authors: Frossard Andrea , De Aguiar Aline Baptista
Published: May 2023

Os jogos educativos como instrumentos de metodologia ativa de ensino se consolidam e se expandem para além das fronteiras da educação básica de ensino. O estudo possibilita uma discussão teórica sobre a promoção de competências e habilidades para o atuar do assistente social frente a uma aprendizagem disruptiva diante dos desafios do ensino-aprendizagem no campo social. Com base na perspectiva crítico dialética foi desenvolvido estudo qualitativo com uso de triangulação de dados como estratégia para atingir os objetivos propostos. Algumas experiências com novas tecnologias em simulação realística por meio da reconstituição da realidade hospitalar foram detectadas. Como consequência, se incorporou a abordagem das metodologias ativas de ensino com interface entre tecnologia digital, educação e games como possibilidade de inovação no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Conclui-se, que no ensino superior, em especial, no campo de Serviço Social, a disciplina: estágio supervisionado é um espaço na grade curricular, locus privilegiado para a aplicação de realidades virtuais, com simulações com jogos em sala e fora dela. Para tal, é necessário ampliar investimentos financeiros e de recursos humanos para consolidação e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias direcionado à formação de novos assistentes sociais.
The Ubuntu Philosophy in Community Development in Iyowa Community, Edo State, Nigeria.
Authors: Nwozaku Francis Nworu
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The concept of Ubuntu philosophy, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of humanity and the importance of communal relationships, has gained attention in various fields, including community development. The Sustainable Development Report 2019 points out that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) might not be achieved, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a gap in the literature on how Ubuntu philosophy has been applied in practice in community development initiatives. The extent to which Ubuntu philosophy has been applied in community development initiatives in different regions and contexts remains unclear. The main objectives of this study is to focus the Ubuntu philosophy on community development in Iyowa Community.

Methodology: The research design for this study was qualitative in nature, using a phenomenological approach. The sample size for this study was 30 participants, including community leaders, development practitioners, and community members. Participants will be selected based on their knowledge and experience with Ubuntu philosophy and community development. The study used purposive sampling to select participants who had experience in community development and are familiar with the Ubuntu philosophy.

Findings: The study found that there was good knowledge of the Ubuntu philosophy among community members. Based on the Ubuntu Philosophy, there was increased collaboration in the community has led to access to resources like water, roads, community security, and other amenities that have aided in community development. There was a mixed feeling on whether the Ubuntu Philosophy had ushered in development in Iyowa Community. While some acknowledge that it has greatly aided in bringing about community development, others believe it has only helped a little, and some feel it has made a small contribution but is not enough. 

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: In conclusion, the Ubuntu Philosophy has been successful in fostering a sense of unity and collective responsibility among community members, which has enabled them to achieve common goals and support each other during difficult times, and has had a positive impact on community development in Iyowa community and that the government creates an enabling environment for community development initiatives.
Behavioral biometric authentication on smartphone using keystroke dynamics
Authors: Vaishnav Pragya , Kaushik Manju , Raja Linesh
Published: May 2023

Over the past few years, smartphones have revolutionized our life. Authentication plays important role as all private and business data are stored in smartphone. Password authentication is not secure technique as password can be easily stolen by hackers. Hence, need to use advance technology to increase the security of authentication. Keystroke Dynamics is behavioral based authentication technique. It identifies the user identity through their typing behavior to check user is genuine or imposter. In this paper author is presenting a KDSP system for Smart devices to increase the security of authentication at login time. On the basis of timing feature set, typing speed, flight time and error rate of keystroke dynamics author is checking the identity of the user. Proposed system works on all the Android smartphones and tablets. All experimental work was performed on 268 subjects to capture keystroke data on server. In Statistical analysis, Equal-error-rate (EER) is measured 7.415% of the 60 subjects for False acceptance rate (FAR) and 208 subjects for False rejection rate (FRR).
Moderation role of transactional leadership on employee engagement: Recent challenges in Indian start-up companies-SmartPLS analysis
Authors: Madhyvadany M.
Published: May 2023

This study is aimed at assessing the moderating effect of transactional leadership on the engagement level of employees (team members) working in start-up companies in metro cities in light of the recent increase in layoffs and resignations. This study incorporates quantitative methods, a questionnaire survey type has been carried out amongst employees (team members) across start-up companies. A sample size of 237 was finalised for this study. The respondents were among all levels in the organization. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted using (PLS-SEM) PARTIAL. LEAST. SQUARE.–STRUCTURAL. EQUATION. MODELING. to obtain result of data-analysis. The outcomes indicate that there is relatively a positive and significant effect of the factors of perceived communication satisfaction (PCS), employee engagement (EE) (behavioural engagement, cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, physical engagement and Intrapreneurship (INT)). Also, the role of transactional leadership (TL) as a moderator facilitates the relationship of perceived communication satisfaction, employee engagement types (behavioural engagement, cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, physical engagement). However it dampens the relationship of intrapreneurship and employee engagement. The research paper makes substantial repository towards the literature and execution of the (intrapreneurship, perceived communication satisfaction & employeee engagement types (behavioural engagement, cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, physical engagement and transactional leadership literature). This study also supports the employees (team members) in the target start-ups to focus on the role of leadership to be adopted, which happens to be the major contribution towards productivity through engagement.
A new symmetric distribution on integers with applications in data modeling and zero inflated regression
Authors: Chesneau Christophe , Chakraborty Subrata , Bakouch Hassan S. , Karakaya Kadir
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a symmetric discrete distribution on integers is proposed by using a novel method of generating new distribution on Z. This distribution has only one parameter and possesses a very simple structure. Many important characteristics, such as, the recurrence relation, tail length, mode, Cumulative distribution function, monotonic property of log-concavity, moments and generating functions, are investigated. Maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameter is presented. An innovative zero-inflated count regression analysis is introduced based on the proposed distribution. The utility of this model is justified by considering three applications of count data modeling and regression in comparison to some established count distributions on Z.
Impact of Botoulinum Toxin-A on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-2; A Case Report
Authors: Muhammad Salman  , Muhammad Umar  , Mazhar Badshah
Published: May 2023

CRPS is a very debilitating disorder. Pain (sensory) motor & autonomic changes are the main stream manifestation of this disorder. In this case study we employed Botoulinum Toxin-A along with routine pharmacotherapy to observe its Impact on patientâ€™s pain intensity along with quality of life. On McGill pain scale and SF-36 QoL result showed improvement after 2nd week till 12th week. Change in each variable was significant over 12 weeks interval.
Transformaciones en la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, a partir de la extensión del ferrocarril (1890- 1943).
Authors: Ochoa Lucía
Published: May 2023

Gualeguaychú es una ciudad que se encuentra al sudeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos y que participó de la experiencia ferroviaria. Diversos autores han afirmado que este fenómeno garantizó una modernización en el proceso de transporte de carga y pasajeros, la conexión real de distintas regiones, la movilidad interna de personas y materias primas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es reducir la escala a su mínima expresión, y analizar el impacto de la experiencia ferroviaria en la vida cotidiana, y el alcance que ésta tuvo para habitantes de una ciudad periférica, dentro del contexto socio-económico nacional. La intención de este trabajo, es estudiar un fenómeno que ha sido analizado desde diversas perspectivas: economicista, política, institucional, pero no ha sido estudiado desde la visión del usuario, en su vida cotidiana, es decir de aquellos actores sociales que no son centrales en las fuentes oficiales. Para llevar adelante la propuesta, enmarcada en la perspectiva de la historia local y de la microhistoria, se han utilizado fuentes variadas y una metodología que privilegió las técnicas cualitativas, sin desestimar el aporte de las de índole cuantitativa.
Conclusion
Authors: Leksana Grace T.
Published: May 2023

The study in Donomulyo points to some general conclusions on memory
politics that relate to the manifestation of power in everyday life, the
co-existence and interrelatedness of different narratives, and the interpretation
of silence. This case study was also able to bring some reflections
on methodology and historiography in Indonesia, especially regarding
studies of violence. Another reflection is related to reconciliation and
transitional justice, including an important note on the limitations of
a human rights approach. Donomulyo shows the importance of going
beyond the question of perpetratorship and victimhood and exploring
the issues of massive transformation following violence and how societies
deal with it.
Epilogue
Authors: Long Alecia P.
Published: May 2023

The epilogue contextualizes Shaw’s prosecution within a broader framework that shows how conspiracy advocates often use beliefs about culturally taboo forms of sexuality to generate support for larger conspiracy theories. Decades-long disputes between advocates for contending theories about the Kennedy assassination reflect the vitriol and polarization of contemporary American politics. This chapter concludes by calling for new scholarship related to President Kennedy’s assassination, suggesting that innovative uses of the vast historical record should include additional studies related to the role that beliefs about sexuality played in the aftermath of the president’s 1963 murder.
Forging “Golden Chains”
Authors: Farber Hannah
Published: May 2023

In the 1790s, the American states began to charter large numbers of banks and insurance companies. In the short term, incorporations produced strife, but partisans usually found that it was easier to create institutions of their own than to block those of their opponents. For company founders, incorporation certainly served as a financial risk management strategy, but corporate constitution-making involved more than the financial calculations of private individuals. As this chapter argues, corporate constitution-making was closer akin to political constitution-making than is evident at first glance. This chapter describes the controversial incorporation of the Insurance Company of North America, the first joint-stock insurance company of the United States. It continues by surveying the nearly 30 insurance companies (mostly marine and fire) chartered in the United States by the end of the year 1800. It discusses the scope of their activities, which included a small amount of slave trade insurance. Protected from political and legal risk by their charters and buffered against commercial risk by their investments, insurance companies built a collaborative American insurance sector that soon won prominence within local merchant communities.
Crossing Jim Crow
Authors: Cline David P.
Published: May 2023

Chapter 1 uses a variety of oral history interview excerpts to demonstrate how African Americans leveraged military service into greater freedom and equality at home. Cline compares World War II-era experiences of enlisting in the military and traveling to boot camp, and often experiencing astonishingly new customs, during the Jim Crow era.
Life in the Barracks
Authors: Cline David P.
Published: May 2023

This chapter uses a variety of oral history interview excerpts to compare differences, often regional, between integrated and segregated training experiences and how they relate to later service in integrated or desegregated units. These oral histories demonstrate a vast range of differing experiences and responses.
African Americans and the US Army in Battle
Authors: Cline David P.
Published: May 2023

Chapter 4 uses a variety of oral history interview excerpts to focus on the combat experiences of African American soldiers in US Army units, both integrated and segregated, in Korea during the Korean War. These accounts viscerally describe the experiences of combat while also demonstrating how soldiers, both enlisted and officers, navigated both war and race.
Winter in America
Authors: McClure Daniel Robert
Published: May 2023

Neoliberalism took shape in the 1930s and 1940s as a transnational political philosophy and system of economic, political, and cultural relations. Resting on the fundamental premise that the free market should be unfettered by government intrusion, neoliberal policies have primarily redirected the state’s prerogatives away from the postwar Keynesian welfare system and toward the insulation of finance and corporate America from democratic pressure. As neoliberal ideas gained political currency in the 1960s and 1970s, a reactionary cultural turn catalyzed their ascension. The cinema, music, magazine culture, and current events discourse of the 1970s provided the space of negotiation permitting these ideas to take hold and be challenged. Winter in America follows the interaction between culture and economics during the transition from Keynesianism in the mid-1960s to the triumph of neoliberalism at the dawn of the 1980s. From the 1965 debate between William F. Buckley and James Baldwin, through the pages of BusinessWeek and Playboy, to the rise of exploitation cinema in the 1970s, Winter in America tracks the increasingly shared perception by white males that they had “lost” their long-standing rights and that a great neoliberal reckoning might restore America’s repressive racial, sexual, gendered, and classed foundations in the wake of the 1960s.
Blood, Breasts, and Beasts
Authors: McClure Daniel Robert
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores the masculine reaction to the rise of Women’s Liberation and Second Wave feminism during the first decade of legislated social equality in the 1970s. The reaction is traced primarily through popular media, particularly on low-budget, exploitation films produced in the Philippines, where the women main characters are in prisons and are allowed to fight back against their oppressors. As an early vehicle depicting women in action films, these “women-in-prison” exploitation films represent an array of changes to US culture and economics. Culturally, women were depicted as powerful agents, striking back against oppressors, and obtaining their liberation. At the same time, these films often showed gratuitous nudity and the infliction of violence upon the women on the path to liberation—what McClure calls the “liberation gauntlet.” As primarily drive-in films, these movies catered to both men and women audiences. As an element of the shift to neoliberalism, the relocation of film production to the Philippines exemplified the rise of US corporate outsourcing to areas of the world where the labor was cheap and without government regulations.
Introduction
Authors: Yarbrough Fay A.
Published: May 2023

Several American Indian nations, including the Choctaw Nation, officially sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War. Choctaw legislative documents from the era reveal that Choctaw lawmakers spent a great deal of time talking about their commitment to the Confederate States of America. Choctaw legal authorities raised the 1st Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles to support the Confederate army. This book explores the reasons for this level of commitment to the Confederate cause among the Choctaws and examines aspects of Confederate ideology that appealed to Choctaw authorities. The Confederate states’ argument for secession addressed two concerns for the Choctaws: protecting their right to own human property and buttressing their claims to sovereignty which Choctaws understood as vital to maintaining their polity. The Introduction summarizes the major arguments of the book and describes the study’s sources, including the WPA slave narratives and Indian Pioneer History, and temporal and geographical limits through the use of maps.
Geno-Myths
Authors: Abel Sarah
Published: May 2023

This chapter provides background to some of the key concepts and events that have guided debates around the social uses of DNA ancestry by African-descendant populations in Brazil and the United States since the early 2000s. In the case of the United States, the chapter explores how DNA testing came to be proposed as a genealogical tool for African Americans to recuperate ancestral ethnic identities lost through slavery. For Brazil, it examines how DNA data have been used to challenge aspects of the Black Movements’ agenda, such as the introduction of race-based affirmative action at universities, by emphasizing the genetic “reality” of Brazil’s mestiçagem (racial mixture). In examining the prominent role played by geneticists and other scientific experts in narrating these two features, the chapter also introduces the question of who has the power to interpret DNA, and to determine what it “says” about our identities and our past.
Marked Bodies
Authors: Abel Sarah
Published: May 2023

This chapter addresses how different publics engage with personalized DNA ancestry reports, and how this genetic information is brought to bear upon existing conceptions of race, ancestry, and identity. Based on interviews with DNA test-takers in Brazil and the United States, the chapter considers how far DNA ancestry data enable members of the public to modify their racial affiliations, and what are the limits to these processes of “choice.” In the context of Brazil, where racial and “color” identities are notoriously fluid, it examines how test-takers comprehend and manage the discrepancy between their ancestral composition and their phenotypic appearance. In the case of the United States, the analysis evaluates claims that DNA testing may spell the “end of the one drop rule,” examining how test-takers’ sense of racial politics guides their choices about whether or not to incorporate their genetic identities into their modes of affiliation.
Epilogue
Authors: Abel Sarah
Published: May 2023

The epilogue draws together the book’s key findings and offers recommendations for antiracist approaches to DNA ancestry testing in light of recent political and commercial developments in both countries. The chapter argues that it is an error to assume that DNA ancestry technologies can “automatically” deconstruct racial myths or lead to more open-minded and just societies. The plurality of forms of contemporary racism, combined with the malleability of genomic data, mean that DNA ancestry testing has limited capabilities for combatting prejudice and structural inequalities. The chapter ends by advocating for a renewed focus on understanding how our psyches, bodies, and genomes are marked in different ways by the historical traumas of slavery and settler-colonialism, arguing that reconstructing memories of the past can help foster social transformation, and lay the bases for more just, resilient societies.
Conclusion
Authors: Bruyneel Kevin
Published: May 2023

The book’s conclusion analyzes the liberal – as opposed to left – resistance to Donald Trump’s policies, with specific concern for the use of settler colonial trope that centers the US as an immigration narrative while disavowing or pushing to the margins the history and present of Indigenous Peoples of these lands. The conclusion then focuses on forms of Black-Indigenous solidarity – in politics and in literature and theory – as a model for how to refuse settler memory and connect resistance to white supremacy, racial capitalism, heteropatriarchy, and settler colonialism together, not as disconnected or disavowed aspects of US politics and the effort to resist domination and create a better world.
An American Town
Authors: Titus Jill Ogline
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores segregation in Gettysburg, examining how racial discrimination in employment, housing, and education functioned in this iconic community. In addition to revealing how Civil War Memory was frequently utilized to underscore and justify discrimination, it also provides a blueprint for understanding the workings of northern segregation in small and mid-size communities. The chapter includes significant discussion of a large-scale 1925 Ku Klux Klan rally; the establishment of black Civilian Conservation Corps camps on the battlefield during the Great Depression; segregation in public accommodations during the 1950s; and initial attempts by local civil rights activists to challenge Jim Crow.
Post-100
Authors: Titus Jill Ogline
Published: May 2023

This chapter examines the remainder of the centennial era in Gettysburg and the overall significance of the Civil War Centennial in shaping Americans’ understandings of the Civil War. It argues that shifting the timeline of the end of the centennial from Appomattox in April 1965 to Gettysburg in November 1965, where historian John Hope Franklin delivered that year’s Dedication Day address, reveals that the emancipationist memory of the war had greater impact on shaping public understanding than generally acknowledged. At the same time, however, the chapter acknowledges that this somewhat more racially inclusive and historically complex narrative was challenged from its infancy by an emboldened Confederate memory demanding additional space on the battlefield. The chapter examines the new wave of Confederate monumentation that engulfed Gettysburg in the 1960s and 70s, transforming Seminary Ridge into full-fledged Confederate memorial space. It focuses particularly closely on the campaign to place a memorial to Mississippi troops. The resulting monument, placed in 1973, is a visual embodiment of Lost Cause interpretations of the Civil War, the Confederate cause, and the men who fought for it.
The Hearing That Went Haywire
Authors: Michael Graff , Nick Ochsner
Published: May 2023

McCrory’s team found one person who was willing to testify to seeing election fraud in his county: McCrae Dowless. Dowless won his race on the Soil and Water Conservation board, but he fumed at the fact that a single write-in candidate, Franklin Graham, had racked up hundreds of votes. He believed the Bladen Improvement Association had illegally driven that total, and McCrory’s team was willing to drive him to Raleigh to share his evidence at a state board of elections hearing. But the Improvement Association’s lawyer, a North Carolina civil rights legend named Irv Joyner, flipped the hearing around. By the end, the state board was drilling Dowless with questions about his own operation, and he’d soon become the subject of a larger election fraud investigation.
Election Night November 6, 2018
Authors: Michael Graff , Nick Ochsner
Published: May 2023

Mark Harris paid McCrae Dowless $130,000 over the course of the 2018 election, and Dowless worked the phones right to the end. Meanwhile, the national political environment was more heated than ever, with Donald Trump and his son Don Jr. making campaign stops in North Carolina on behalf of Harris. On the other side, Democrat Dan McCready spent about $6.3 million to try to flip the 9th District seat to blue. McCready holds his election night party in Charlotte; Harris is in suburban Union County. Just before midnight, Harris appeared to have won by about 900 votes out of 280,000 cast—and Bladen County was a big reason why; Harris had collected 5,413 votes there compared to McCready’s 3,856, and 420 of those votes were by absentee. In his victory speech, Harris says, “thank God for Bladen and Union counties.”
The Black Congressman from Bladen 1870–1896
Authors: Michael Graff , Nick Ochsner
Published: May 2023

The 1870 election was as crooked as they come: the Ku Klux Klan rode through towns throughout eastern North Carolina and warned Black residents to stay away from the polls or else face death. Over the next two decades, conservative and racist Democrats ruled most of North Carolina politics and steadily stripped Black voters of power. But they left one congressional district, the so-called Black Second of eastern North Carolina. Meanwhile, poor whites and poor Blacks were beginning to find common ground in a budding Fusionist movement. In 1896, Populists joined forces with Republicans to get White elected congressman of that district. He was the only man of color elected to the Fifty-Fifth Congress.
The Editorial That Shook the Old North State August 1898
Authors: Michael Graff , Nick Ochsner
Published: May 2023

Three months before Election Day, the Wilmington Morning Star republished a letter from a Georgia woman named Rebecca Felton that urged white men of the South to stand up to Black men and “lynch, a thousand times a week, if necessary.” The editor of Wilmington’s powerful Black-owned newspaper, Alex Manly, responded with one of the most well-known editorials in North Carolina history. In it, he defended Black men and said the real criminals were actually white men who were raping Black women: “Don’t think that your women will remain pure while you are debauching ours. You sow the seed—the harvest will come in due time.” White supremacists led by Alfred Waddell rallied around the editorial and set out to kill Manly and to remove other Black business leaders and elected officials from power in Wilmington, which had become one of the shining examples of Black prosperity in the South. Manly fled town the night before the election, making it through checkpoints in a disguise that made him appear like a white man.
The Last Black Congressman March 4, 1901
Authors: Michael Graff , Nick Ochsner
Published: May 2023

As the only Black member of the House of Representatives, George H. White introduced a bill that would make lynching a treasonable offense, declaring that “there are more outrages against colored women by white men than there are colored men by white women.” Fuming Democrats, with the help of N&O editor Josephus Daniels’ propaganda campaign, soon enacted a poll tax and a literacy test only for Black voters, to ensure a low Black turnout and end White’s political career. In his last speech on the House floor, the last Black Congressman for nearly three decades delivered his famous “Phoenix” speech, saying “This, Mr. Chairman, is perhaps the negroes’ temporary farewell to the American Congress; but let me say, Phoenix-like, he will rise up some day and come again.”
The Bad Draw November 30, 2018
Authors: Michael Graff , Nick Ochsner
Published: May 2023

Harris went to Washington to participate in freshman orientation anyway–he drew No. 76 out of 85 in the office lottery, for instance. But back home in North Carolina in those last days of November and early December 2018, things fell apart. His opponent, Democrat Dan McCready, sent staff around Bladen County to collect affidavits from voters willing to say McCrae Dowless’s workers collected their ballots illegally. Many said they received visits from the same woman, “a white lady.” Those affidavits were then sent to Charlotte TV station WSOC, whose reporter Joe Bruno published them on the air. Bruno then went to Bladen County and interviewed one woman, standing on the porch of her mobile home, who said she’d been paid by people to collect ballots. Meanwhile, another person who worked closely with Dowless posted on Facebook that she’d been paid by Red Dome, the group Harris hired to pay Dowless.
The White Lady December 2018
Authors: Michael Graff , Nick Ochsner
Published: May 2023

“The white lady” who kept coming up in the investigation was a woman named Lisa Britt, a 39-year-old mother who happens to be McCrae Dowless’s stepdaughter. Britt spent much of her early adulthood in and out of jail for larceny, forgery, voter fraud, and similar charges. In May 2018, she was a convicted felon on probation when she cast a ballot for Mark Harris—a clear case of voter fraud. National media and state investigators descended upon Bladen County in the first few weeks of December, and they kept coming back to Britt’s name, which was signed to more than 40 absentee ballot request forms. Meanwhile, several Bladen County elections officials resigned under the spotlight. On December 12, co-author Nick Ochsner got a call from Britt to say she’d do an interview, but only if she could do it at Dowless’s house. Nick did the interview—and, separately, also interviewed Mark Harris on camera. Both would become a key piece of the investigation later.
The Birth Certificate
Authors: Pearson Susan J.
Published: May 2023

For many Americans, the birth certificate is a mundane piece of paper, unearthed from deep storage when applying for a driver’s license, verifying information for new employers, or claiming state and federal benefits. Yet as Donald Trump and his fellow “birthers” reminded us when they claimed that Barack Obama wasn’t an American citizen, it plays a central role in determining identity and citizenship. In The Birth Certificate: An American History, award-winning historian Susan J. Pearson traces the document’s two-hundred-year history to explain when, how, and why birth certificates came to matter so much in the United States. Deftly weaving together social, political, and legal history, The Birth Certificate is a fascinating biography of a piece of paper that grounds our understanding of how those who live in the United States are considered Americans.
Bodies on the Line
Authors: Rector Josiah
Published: May 2023

This chapter begins with the devastating Briggs Fire of 1927, using it demonstrate how racial segregation and a weak regulatory state compounded the environmental risks created by the rise of the automobile industry in Detroit. As over 100,000 African Americans migrated to Detroit between 1910 and 1930, restrictive covenants kept African Americans out of virtually all new housing developments, resulting in severe overcrowding in the Near East Side neighborhoods of Black Bottom and Paradise Valley. As overcrowding worsened in the Near East Side ghetto, Black tuberculosis deaths skyrocketed, undoing the progress of earlier decades. In the city’s factories, white managers restricted most African Americans to departments where polluted air caused silicosis, lead poisoning, and other occupational diseases. Detroit improved its water quality by chlorinating the water supply in 1913, resulting in a decline in typhoid deaths, but ran up record municipal debts to build sanitary infrastructure in the 1910s and 1920s. Then, between 1929 and 1933, the city’s tax base collapsed and its debt became unsustainable. The takeoff of the automobile industry created environmental, economic, and social problems that Detroit could not fix within the constraints of liberal Fordist capitalism.
The Dehydration of Detroit
Authors: Rector Josiah
Published: May 2023

Between 2014 and 2019, the City of Detroit shut off water to over 250,000 people, and the actions of state-appointed Emergency Managers exposed nearly 100,000 people in Flint to poisoned water. This chapter argues that the water disasters in twenty-first-century Detroit and Flint resulted from a catastrophic convergence between the historical legacies of postwar deindustrialization, housing discrimination against African Americans, and neoliberal policies of deregulation, privatization, and austerity. What set Detroit and Flint apart from other Rust Belt cities was that Michigan’s Emergency Manager laws empowered the state to impose extreme austerity, outsourcing, and privatization policies without any democratic accountability, leading to harsher water shut-off policies and reckless cutbacks in public health protection. The financial sector also played a central role in the fiscal crises that enabled the state takeovers. Predatory lending, driven by deregulated Wall Street banks and real estate developers, created toxic municipal debt that precipitated Emergency Management. The chapter also tells the story of Detroit’s water rights movement, led by working-class African American women, who had protested utility shutoffs and the immiseration of the urban poor for decades, and increasingly were forced to put their bodies on the line.
Making Space for LGBTQ History
Authors: Rosenthal Gregory Samantha
Published: May 2023

This chapter introduces the Southwest Virginia LGBTQ+ History Project, a queer public history initiative based in Roanoke, Virginia. The narrative focuses on the origins of the project, the stories of some of the project’s early undertakings and its multigenerational volunteers and participants. This chapter also explores some of the programmatic activities of the project including building an archive, starting an oral history collection, running story circles, and conducting gay historical re-enactments. Throughout the chapter the author circles back to one signature event, the #MakeRoanokeQueerAgain Bar Crawl. Theoretically, this chapter engages with literature on queer historiography and memory, including a history of queer community projects. Personally, the chapter also introduces the author’s love interest and the story of how they met through the History Project and fell in love.
Drag Queens, Sex Workers, and Middle Schoolers
Authors: Rosenthal Gregory Samantha
Published: May 2023

This chapter explores intergenerational conflict among transgender people in Southwest Virginia. The narrative begins and ends with a workshop called “Living Trans History” conducted by the Southwest Virginia LGBTQ+ History Project at an LGBTQ youth summer camp in Appalachia. In the workshop, trans youth engage with the oral histories of trans elders to create theatrical skits intended to bring their present lives and local transgender history into productive conversation. Theoretically, this chapter explores the challenges of interpreting transgender histories in Appalachia and uses oral histories with diverse trans people to reconstruct a history with many threads of transgender community formation and belonging. The author shows how race and class shaped and segregated the trans spaces that existed here before a community coalesced under a more contemporary transgender identity. The chapter focuses on the lives of several Black trans sex workers and what their stories contribute to local transgender history. The author carries forward her own story of transitioning and coming into her identity as a transgender woman while working on the project.
Epilogue
Authors: Brooks Robin
Published: May 2023

The epilogue examines cross-class romances in Oonya Kempadoo’s Tide Running and Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby and shows how the novels reveal the extent to which contemporary society is reproducing the asymmetry and disempowerment of traditional colonialism and slavery under neocolonial and neoliberal conditions. The epilogue also brings the overall book to a close with a consideration of the present moment, where the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened class anxieties and the need for studies of class in the African Diaspora remains urgent. Ultimately, the epilogue informs that Class Interruptions foregrounds the cross-class relationship trope and identifies it as a recurring feature in the literature that operates as a tool for these authors to challenge traditional or dominant narratives on class and comment on contemporary class ideologies.
Introduction
Authors: Thomson David K.
Published: May 2023

This introduction provides a basic breakdown of the book itself. It also provides a historiographical background to the book and how the study of finance during the American Civil War is a topic that has been woefully understudied-especially given the voluminous literature on the American Civil War itself.
Conclusion
Authors: Thomson David K.
Published: May 2023

This brief conclusion carries the reader beyond the resumption of gold payment in 1879 and connects the Civil War bond issues with Gilded Age finance bridging the gap into the twentieth century.
The Carolana Propriety
Authors: Butler Lindley S.
Published: May 2023

This chapter goes over the Roanoke Colony and what became of them, as well as the war between England, Spain, and France. Evidence of early trading between Colonel Francis Yeardley and local Native Americans. Maps of rivers including the Chowan, Little Pasquotank, and Scuppernong are discussed. The mention of the Great Dismal Swamp along abandoned Native American towns leads to the discussion of tis importance to where new colonies would be established.
A Dissenter’s Colony
Authors: Butler Lindley S.
Published: May 2023

Throughout this chapter, religion in the new world is discussed. The initial religious persecution in England and how it sparked the move towards the American colonies is discussed within this chapter. Multiple religious groups such as the Quakers, Baptists, and Anglicans are mentioned.
The Church Establishment and the Cary Rebellion
Authors: Butler Lindley S.
Published: May 2023

The establishment of The Church of England in Carolina is discussed within this chapter. The Anglican Church wasn’t established for 30 years in Carolina, so the people who first resided in North Carolina experienced absolute soul-liberty. The Quakers, among other dissenters, would be the ones to keep religious life alive in Carolina.
The Tuscarora War
Authors: Butler Lindley S.
Published: May 2023

Throughout this chapter, the mistreatment of Native Americans is discussed. What lead to the Tuscarora War was the horrid treatment of Native Americans. From kidnapping, assault, and murder at the hands of colonists, many issues and events are mentioned throughout the chapter.
Through a Multi-frame Lens: Surviving, Thriving, and Leading Organizations
Authors: Pak Su Yon
Published: May 2023

Organizations are complex. We live much of our personal and professional lives in relation to organizations. It is hard to know what is really going on, harder to know how to make sense of what is going on, and hardest to know how to work for cultural change in organizations most effectively. Understanding how “frames” operate in organizations, spiritual care providers can cultivate good diagnostic habits to develop a more comprehensive and complex view of how organizations function. This competency positions chaplains to focus their energies on ways most likely to impact organizations in the direction of human flourishing. The four-frames approach (structural, human resource, political, and symbolic) to organizations developed by Lee Bolman and Terrence Deal is one such analytical tool. This chapter uses this tool, along with interrogations of the “white racial frame,” to assess the white supremacist culture characteristics operating in organizations and to position chaplains to be effective agents of change toward an even fuller vision of just organizational life.
The Emotional Undercurrents of Organizations
Authors: Garrett-Cobbina Laurie
Published: May 2023

Being able to imagine what it looks like for an organization to be dedicated to justice, equality, and moral integrity in practice and procedure is vital. Offering a race-relevant, gender-conscious, and class-aware understanding of organizations will aid in recognizing what is really happening within organizations and why it is happening to the people within them. It is important to bring critical consciousness to how racism, sexism, and classism influence organizational practices and limit their efficacy. Chaplains can play a vital role in supporting the emergence of a sociocultural, political, and spiritual ethos that transforms and humanizes organizations.