bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Post-Keplerian Corrections to the Orbital Periods of a Two-body System and Their Application to the Galactic Center
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo , Zhang Fupeng
Published: April 2017

We perform detailed numerical analyses of the orbital motion of a test particle around a spinning primary, with the aim of investigating the possibility of using the post-Keplerian (pK) corrections to the orbiter’s periods (draconitic, anomalistic, and sidereal) as a further opportunity to perform new tests of post-Newtonian gravity. As a specific scenario, the S-stars orbiting the massive black hole (MBH) supposedly lurking in Sgr A* at the center of the Galaxy are adopted. We first study the effects of the pK Schwarzchild, Lense–Thirring, and quadrupole moment accelerations experienced by a target star for various possible initial orbital configurations. It turns out that the results of the numerical simulations are consistent with the analytical ones in the small eccentricity approximation for which almost all the latter ones were derived. For highly elliptical orbits, the sizes of the three pK corrections considered turn out to increase remarkably. The periods of the observed S2 and S0-102 stars as functions of the MBH’s spin axis orientation are considered as well. The pK accelerations lead to corrections of the orbital periods of the order of 1–100 days (Schwarzschild), 0.1–10 hr (Lense–Thirring), and 1–103 s (quadrupole) for a target star with a = 300–800 au and e ≈ 0.8, which could be measurable with future facilities.
An Improved Method to Measure the Cosmic Curvature
Authors: Wei Jun-Jie , Wu Xue-Feng
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we propose an improved model-independent method to constrain the cosmic curvature by combining the most recent Hubble parameter H(z) and supernovae Ia (SNe Ia) data. Based on the H(z) data, we first use the model-independent smoothing technique, Gaussian processes, to construct a distance modulus μ

H
(z), which is susceptible to the cosmic curvature parameter Ω
k
. In contrary to previous studies, the light-curve-fitting parameters, which account for the distance estimation of SN (μ
SN(z)), are set free to investigate whether Ω
k
has a dependence on them. By comparing μ

H
(z) to μ
SN(z), we put limits on Ω
k
. Our results confirm that Ω
k
is independent of the SN light-curve parameters. Moreover, we show that the measured Ω
k
is in good agreement with zero cosmic curvature, implying that there is no significant deviation from a flat universe at the current observational data level. We also test the influence of different H(z) samples and different Hubble constant H
0 values, finding that different H(z) samples do not have a significant impact on the constraints. However, different H
0 priors can affect the constraints of Ω
k
to some degree. The prior of H
0 = 73.24 ± 1.74 km s−1 Mpc−1 gives a value of Ω
k
, a little bit above the 1σ confidence level away from 0, but H
0 = 69.6 ± 0.7 km s−1 Mpc−1 gives it below 1σ.
Inference of Unresolved Point Sources at High Galactic Latitudes Using Probabilistic Catalogs
Authors: Daylan Tansu , Portillo Stephen K. N. , Finkbeiner Douglas P.
Published: April 2017

The detection of point sources in images is a fundamental operation in astrophysics, and is crucial for constraining population models of the underlying point sources or characterizing the background emission. Standard techniques fall short in the crowded-field limit, losing sensitivity to faint sources and failing to track their covariance with close neighbors. We construct a Bayesian framework to perform inference of faint or overlapping point sources. The method involves probabilistic cataloging, where samples are taken from the posterior probability distribution of catalogs consistent with an observed photon count map. In order to validate our method, we sample random catalogs of the gamma-ray sky in the direction of the North Galactic Pole (NGP) by binning the data in energy and point-spread function classes. Using three energy bins spanning 0.3–1, 1–3, and 3–10 GeV, we identify

point sources inside a

region around the NGP above our point-source inclusion limit of

cm−2 s−1 sr−1 GeV−1 at the 1–3 GeV energy bin. Modeling the flux distribution as a power law, we infer the slope to be

and estimate the contribution of point sources to the total emission as

%. These uncertainties in the flux distribution are fully marginalized over the number as well as the spatial and spectral properties of the unresolved point sources. This marginalization allows a robust test of whether the apparently isotropic emission in an image is due to unresolved point sources or of truly diffuse origin.
The Evolution and Properties of Rotating Massive Star Populations
Authors: Choi Jieun , Conroy Charlie , Byler Nell
Published: April 2017

We investigate the integrated properties of massive (

) rotating single-star stellar populations for a variety of initial rotation rates (

, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6). We couple the new MESA Isochrone and Stellar Tracks (MIST) models to the Flexible Stellar Population Synthesis (FSPS) package, extending the stellar population synthesis models to include the contributions from very massive stars (

), which can be significant in the first ∼4 Myr after a starburst. These models predict ionizing luminosities that are consistent with recent observations of young nuclear star clusters. We also construct composite stellar populations assuming a distribution of initial rotation rates. Even in low-metallicity environments where rotation has a significant effect on the evolution of massive stars, we find that stellar population models require a significant contribution from fast-rotating (

) stars in order to sustain the production of ionizing photons beyond a few Myr following a starburst. These results have potentially important implications for cosmic reionization by massive stars and the interpretation of nebular emission lines in high-redshift star-forming galaxies.
Chandra Phase-resolved Spectroscopy of the High Magnetic Field Pulsar B1509−58
Authors: Hu Chin-Ping , Ng C.-Y. , Takata J. , Shannon R. M. , Johnston S.
Published: April 2017

We report on a timing and spectral analysis of the young, high magnetic field rotation-powered pulsar (RPP) B1509−58 using Chandra continuous-clocking mode observation. The pulsar’s X-ray light curve can be fit by the two Gaussian components and the pulsed fraction shows moderate energy dependence over the Chandra band. The pulsed X-ray spectrum is well described by a power law with a photon index 1.16(4), which is harder than the values measured with RXTE/PCA and NuSTAR. This result supports the log-parabolic model for the broadband X-ray spectrum. With the unprecedented angular resolution of Chandra, we clearly identified off-pulse X-ray emission from the pulsar, and its spectrum is best fit by a power law plus blackbody model. The latter component has a temperature of ∼0.14 keV with a bolometric luminosity comparable to the luminosities of other young and high magnetic field RPPs, and it lies between the temperature of magnetars and typical RPPs. In addition, we found that the nonthermal X-ray emission of PSR B1509−58 is significantly softer in the off-pulse phase than in the pulsed phase, with the photon index varying between 1.0 and 1.8 and anticorrelated with the flux. This is similar to the behavior of three other young pulsars. We interpreted it as different contributions of pair-creation processes at different altitudes from the neutron star surface according to the outer-gap model.
Noise-gating to Clean Astrophysical Image Data
Authors: DeForest C. E.
Published: April 2017

I present a family of algorithms to reduce noise in astrophysical images and image sequences, preserving more information from the original data than is retained by conventional techniques. The family uses locally adaptive filters (“noise gates”) in the Fourier domain to separate coherent image structure from background noise based on the statistics of local neighborhoods in the image. Processing of solar data limited by simple shot noise or by additive noise reveals image structure not easily visible in the originals, preserves photometry of observable features, and reduces shot noise by a factor of 10 or more with little to no apparent loss of resolution. This reveals faint features that were either not directly discernible or not sufficiently strongly detected for quantitative analysis. The method works best on image sequences containing related subjects, for example movies of solar evolution, but is also applicable to single images provided that there are enough pixels. The adaptive filter uses the statistical properties of noise and of local neighborhoods in the data to discriminate between coherent features and incoherent noise without reference to the specific shape or evolution of those features. The technique can potentially be modified in a straightforward way to exploit additional a priori knowledge about the functional form of the noise.
The NuSTAR Hard X-Ray Survey of the Norma Arm Region
Authors: Fornasini Francesca M. , Tomsick John A. , Hong JaeSub , Gotthelf Eric V. , Bauer Franz , Rahoui Farid , Stern Daniel , Bodaghee Arash , Chiu Jeng-Lun , Clavel Maïca , Corral-Santana Jesús , Hailey Charles J. , Krivonos Roman A. , Mori Kaya , Alexander David M. , Barret Didier , Boggs Steven E. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Forster Karl , Giommi Paolo , Grefenstette Brian W. , Harrison Fiona A. , Hornstrup Allan , Kitaguchi Takao , Koglin J. E. , Madsen Kristin K. , Mao Peter H. , Miyasaka Hiromasa , Perri Matteo , Pivovaroff Michael J. , Puccetti Simonetta , Rana Vikram , Westergaard Niels J. , Zhang William W.
Published: April 2017

We present a catalog of hard X-ray sources in a square-degree region surveyed by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) in the direction of the Norma spiral arm. This survey has a total exposure time of 1.7 Ms, and the typical and maximum exposure depths are 50 ks and 1 Ms, respectively. In the area of deepest coverage, sensitivity limits of 5 × 10−14 and 4 × 10−14 erg s−1 cm−2 in the 3–10 and 10–20 keV bands, respectively, are reached. Twenty-eight sources are firmly detected, and 10 are detected with low significance; 8 of the 38 sources are expected to be active galactic nuclei. The three brightest sources were previously identified as a low-mass X-ray binary, high-mass X-ray binary, and pulsar wind nebula. Based on their X-ray properties and multiwavelength counterparts, we identify the likely nature of the other sources as two colliding wind binaries, three pulsar wind nebulae, a black hole binary, and a plurality of cataclysmic variables (CVs). The CV candidates in the Norma region have plasma temperatures of ≈10–20 keV, consistent with the Galactic ridge X-ray emission spectrum but lower than the temperatures of CVs near the Galactic center. This temperature difference may indicate that the Norma region has a lower fraction of intermediate polars relative to other types of CVs compared to the Galactic center. The NuSTAR logN–logS distribution in the 10–20 keV band is consistent with the distribution measured by Chandra at 2–10 keV if the average source spectrum is assumed to be a thermal model with kT ≈ 15 keV, as observed for the CV candidates.
Adolescence, exil et individuation : périples des enfants du héros
Authors: Humphreys Derek , Benhaïm Michèle
Published: April 2017

Cet article s’intéresse à l’expérience des enfants des exilés politiques, souvent nés dans le pays d’adoption des parents et qui vivent le processus adolescent dans l’aller-retour entre ces deux pays. Dans ce contexte, les difficultés de l’individuation et la souffrance identitaire de l’adolescence se voient accentuées par l’absence de reconnaissance, d’appartenance, d’histoire. Deux vignettes cliniques de jeunes adultes ayant grandi dans l’exil illustrent l’impasse identitaire de l’adolescence quand le risque d’effondrement des figures parentales est toujours présent. La question de la reconnaissance par le socius est d’abord discutée avant d’accéder à la figuration d’un ailleurs qui rend impossible l’ici, puis à l’inscription d’une histoire personnelle de l’exil. L’espace analytique, en accueillant la répétition agie de ces jeunes adultes pour la figurer et l’inscrire, se montre capable de faire tenir l’environnement lors de cette traversée affective, un environnement propice au périple – le voyage mythique qui dévoile une vérité et donne accès à la perte. Il donne accès non seulement à une reconnaissance symbolique et sociale, mais au roman familial, à la filiation une et à la transmission. Sans cela, ces jeunes adultes demeurent dans une errance sans nom, les raisons de leur recherche identitaire restant inconnues.
Les paradoxes de la filiation d’une adolescence protégée
Authors: Feldman Marion , Mansouri Malika
Published: April 2017

Protéger des adolescents en grande souffrance psychique et considérés à haut risque sur le plan psychopathologique semble être un challenge pour l’Aide sociale à l’enfance, dont c’est pourtant la vocation. Chacun des possibles lieux de « protection » apparaît insuffisamment résistants/contenants face à la violence de leurs problématiques. Sont présentées les cas paradigmatiques de deux jeunes filles actuellement accueillies dans une microstructure récente, ouverte comme alternative plus constructive au placement à l’hôtel. Le tableau clinique présenté considère les effets dévastateurs de la toxicité familiale, à laquelle s’ajoutent ceux des placements successifs. La discontinuité du parcours des adolescents semble les amener à devoir se construire dans des paradoxes de filiations. Les auteurs proposent alors un travail de re-filiation plurielle, à partir de cinq propositions ainsi formulées : la contenance, la permanence, le tiers et la « plurifocalité » ainsi que la transformation, dans le cadre de ces microstructures où les adolescents sont accueillis en collectif réduit. L’adolescence, processus psychique qui accompagne les transformations corporelles et redéfinit les places dans la filiation, est questionnée. Le but étant une possible mise en mouvement dynamique de transformation, en prenant en compte les dimensions individuelle, familiale et culturelle.
Le Liban 27 ans plus tard : sortie de guerre ?
Authors: Karam Karam
Published: April 2017

Il y a bientôt trente ans, le Liban sortait de façon incertaine d’une guerre meurtrière. A un moment où le Proche Orient est en prise à de multiples conflits, K. Karam revient sur la trajectoire que le pays connait depuis lors, d’abord sous tutelle syrienne puis, depuis 2005, dans un contexte de blocages politiques et institutionnels multiples. Alors que le Liban est touché au premier chef par la guerre en Syrie, pour la première fois dans l’après-guerre est élu un Président de la République bénéficiant d’une base partisane (octobre 2016). Ceci le conduit à mettre l’accent sur trois logiques faussement paradoxales : d’une part, derrière le regain de langages communautaires, il met plutôt l’accent sur le renforcement d’une formule de gouvernement « de consensus », où les partis politiques accentuent leur mainmise sur les communautés ; d’autre part, alors que l’époque est à l’oraison funèbre des Etats, il montre au contraire comment l’Etat libanais se consolide, y compris dans des fonctions régaliennes classiques ; enfin, au lieu de considérer les mobilisations souverainistes de 2005 comme le prélude des printemps arabes, il souligne comment l’entente de ceux qui s’affrontent dans l’arène partisane – et parfois à l’échelle régionale – joue comme un plafond de verre tant pour les mots d’ordres civils que pour les revendications sociales qui traduisent la détérioration des conditions de vie des libanais et des syriens, irakiens, palestiniens qui ont pu y trouver refuge.
L’échec du nationalisme kurde : fragmentation, partisanisation, milicisation
Authors: Bakawan Adel
Published: April 2017

Cet article ne cherche pas tant à examiner les diverses théories du nationalisme, ni les circonstances dans lesquelles les acteurs nationalistes kurdes sont arrivés au pouvoir, que d’étudier l’expérience étatique de ces acteurs. En 2017, le nationalisme kurde en Irak souffle la vingt-sixième bougie de son expérience au pouvoir. Pour mettre en perspective ces vingt-six années, nous proposons une grille d’analyse à trois niveaux : la fragmentation politique, la partisanisation sociétale et la milicisation des forces armées. Notre hypothèse est celle d’une implosion du Gouvernement Régional du Kurdistan à moyen terme.
La pensée politique arabe : profane ou religieuse ?
Authors: Corm Georges
Published: April 2017

Cet essai constitue une tentative de présentation de la grande diversité de la culture arabe et des différentes étapes à travers lesquelles la pensée politique arabe s’est développée depuis le règne de Mohamed Ali en Égypte au début du XIX e siècle, jusqu’à nos jours. Ce panorama des différentes écoles de pensée politique montre l’impact de l’environnement géopolitique, en constante évolution, sur les penseurs arabes. Il montre également que les tentatives d’analyse de type essentialistes et de compréhension des « structures de l’esprit arabe », sous le prisme d’un seul facteur, à savoir la structure de la théologie musulmane et de ses lois (charia), sont vouées à l’échec et tendent à appauvrir la richesse, tant de la culture, que de la pensée arabe.
La structure des éléments du système nerveux
Authors: Freud Sigmund , Longé Thierry
Published: April 2017

Sollicité par Theodor Meynert, Sigmund Freud vient exposer devant la Société viennoise de psychiatrie, le 14 février 1884, un résumé de ses recherches sur la structure de la fibre et de la cellule nerveuse. Il s’agit pour l’essentiel d’une reprise des résultats des travaux entrepris dans le cadre du laboratoire de physiologie d’Ernst Brücke à partir du matériel de l’écrevisse, présentés initialement devant l’Académie des sciences et publiés dans son bulletin de janvier 1882.
Mission Possible: China’s Climate Change Policy after the Paris Agreement
Authors: Ma Junjie
Published: April 2017

L’Accord de Paris marque l’aube d’une nouvelle phase dans l’engagement de l’humanité pour combattre le changement climatique. La Chine, en tant que plus gros émetteur dans le monde, s’est engagée à mener une véritable politique susceptible de lui permettre de respecter les engagements de l’Accord de Paris. Un ensemble de mesures ont été définies dans le cadre composé par le gouvernement central et une structure départementale pleinement fonctionnelle. Dans un contexte de ralentissement économique, et avec une croissance modérée en perspective, à la lumière du 13e plan quinquennal pour le développement économique et social (2015-2020), les engagements de la Chine coïncident avec la transition vers une économie de marché décarbonée reposant sur les services, et devraient de ce fait être facilement respectés. Les préconditions sont cependant importantes dans la mesure où elles impliquent une gouvernance stable, une interaction permanente entre les acteurs différents niveaux, et une prédiction générale des réformes économiques, principalement dans les entreprises étatiques.
Freud et l’esprit qui déshabille : l’homme et le savant aux prises avec la grivoiserie
Authors: Kamieniak Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2017

Résumé Freud fut inévitablement confronté dès ses débuts de thérapeute, et avec le plus grand déplaisir, à la matière brute de la grivoiserie – la représentation sexuelle suggérée par la parole –, manifestant un déni massif de ses effets embarrassants incontrôlables. Aussi ne lui fallut-il pas moins d’une décennie – autoanalyse aidant – pour être en mesure d’en concevoir les enjeux pulsionnels et d’appréhender aussi la nature singulière des mots du sexe, au pouvoir imageant irrépressible qui leur confère toute leur troublante efficacité, laissant toutefois à l’un de ses fils spirituels, Sándor Ferenczi, le soin d’en faire la théorie.
Quand rire n’est pas drôle
Authors: Anzieu-Premmereur Christine
Published: April 2017

Résumé Le rire dans la petite enfance est caractérisé par le besoin de décharge musculaire à valeur économique et par le partage avec l’objet, dans le plaisir et la sensualité.. Une petite fille de 14 mois présentant un symptôme de trichotillomanie a commencé à modifier une carapace de seconde peau musculaire dans l’expérience d’un premier rire en séance. Le travail analytique avec l’enfant et ses parents a permis la découverte du jeu et du plaisir de décharge agressive, après une période de négligence parentale due à la dépression.
Le fou rire comme équivalent orgastique de la sexualité infantile
Authors: Papazian Berdj
Published: April 2017

Résumé Le fou rire semble réunir les conditions qui permettent une jouissance et une décharge de tension. Sa survenue est généralement provoquée par un accident de pensée, à savoir la rencontre impromptue d’un contenu psychique refoulé ou clivé avec un fait perçu aux répercussions sensori-motrices. Le télescopage topique qui en résulte s’équilibre avec des identifications primaires collectives favorisant la contagiosité du phénomène. Le sexuel infantile délié en est le maître d’œuvre.
Entre grotesque et dionysiaque : remarques sur le rire maniaque
Authors: Girard Martine
Published: April 2017

Résumé Dans la clinique psychiatrique le rire du maniaque est inséparable des larmes, bien au delà de la notion d’état mixte maniaco-dépressif. S’appuyant sur la phénoménologie de Binswanger, Ey fera de la structure conflictuelle de la conscience maniaque le pivot de sa démonstration. Qu’en est-il de la méconnaissance et du point de vue topique dans l’approche psychanalytique de la manie et de la défense maniaque ? Quelques brèves vignettes cliniques illustreront la question, le rire de Dionysos restant en arrière-plan comme analyseur de notre rapport au rire maniaque.
Analyse polyglotte au Liban. Usage des langues dans la cure
Authors: Khouri Naja Carine
Published: April 2017

Résumé La fonction des mots ne consiste pas à désigner des concepts. Les langues sont autant de visions du monde. Le polyglottisme dans la cure, à savoir le choix de la langue et le passage de l’une à l’autre, est à mettre en rapport avec les mouvements de la résistance et du transfert. L’usage d’une langue n’est pas anodin, les représentations propres à chacune véhiculent des valeurs tout autant collectives, culturelles que personnelles et inconscientes. Les enjeux du multilinguisme sont multiples et ses implications complexes...
Schreber, Saussure et le temps perdu de la psychose
Authors: Vilela Izabel
Published: April 2017

Résumé Le cas Schreber apporte largement à l’étude et au traitement des maladies psychiques et mentales. Saussure révolutionne les sciences humaines. Mais le linguiste apporterait-il lui aussi aux recherches sur ces mêmes maladies-là ? Ses écrits énigmatiques et leur matérialité même (des ponctuations inusitées, phrases interrompues aux endroits clés du raisonnement, blancs, etc.), les circonstances de sa disparition intriguent plus d’un. L’étude comparative des cas Schreber et Saussure met en évidence plusieurs analogies. Il s’agit ici d’un « coup d’œil » sur les Mémoires d’un névropathe et les réminiscences de Saussure, notamment sous la perspective du temps dans les psychoses.
La réception des politiques du handicap : une approche par entretiens biographiques
Authors: Revillard Anne
Published: April 2017

En France comme dans de nombreux autres pays, les politiques du handicap ont connu une évolution d’une logique de protection et de ségrégation des personnes handicapées vers la valorisation d’objectifs d’inclusion et de non-discrimination. En quoi l’expérience sociale du handicap a-t-elle été affectée par ces transformations de l’action publique ? Cette contribution offre des éléments qualitatifs de réponse à cette question à partir d’une enquête par entretiens biographiques. La recherche prend appui sur une démarche de sociologie de la réception de l’action publique, permettant de saisir conjointement usages et effets de cette dernière. Cette approche conduit à analyser, à partir de l’expérience des ressortissants, les dynamiques paradoxales de cette politique à visée émancipatrice, déclinées ici à partir des thèmes de la scolarisation et de l’insertion professionnelle, de la compensation du handicap et de l’accessibilité.
Introduction of Undergraduate Nursing Students to an Objective Structured Clinical Examination
Authors: Brighton Renee , Mackay Maria , Brown Roy A. , Jans Carley , Antoniou Carolyn
Published: April 2017

Background:

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is used increasingly in nursing education. The purpose of this article is to report on the qualitative evaluation of the first implementation of a medication administration OSCE within an Australian school of nursing.

Method:

A two-stage data gathering strategy was undertaken. The first stage was to survey participants' pre-OSCE and the second stage involved surveying the same participants' immediately post-OSCE. A constant comparison analysis method was used.

Results:

The first stage data analysis (pre-OSCE) were classified into three themes: (a) Student Anxiety, (b) Student Preparedness, and (c) The Effectiveness of This Style of Assessment. The three key themes from the second stage (post-OSCE) analysis were: (a) Feelings Toward the OSCE, (b) Assessor Interaction, and (c) The OSCE Environment.

Conclusion:

Although they found it stressful, the participants valued the OSCE experience. The OSCE gave the students confidence in their capabilities of medication management. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(4):231–234.]
Creating a Nursing Student Center for Academic and Professional Success
Authors: Tantillo Mary , Marconi Maria A. , Rideout Kathy , Anson Elizabeth A. , Reifenstein Karen A.
Published: April 2017

Background:

The purpose of this article is to describe the development of an innovative broad-based initiative supportive of academic and professional success, the Center for Academic and Professional Success (CAPS) at the University of Rochester School of Nursing. While CAPS was founded to support all nursing students, it was also carefully developed to meet the special needs of students in the accelerated program for non-nurses (APNN) due to their diversity and the intensity and rapidity of the APNN program.

Method:

Faculty discussion, literature review, and student needs assessment findings informed program development. Outcome data obtained during the past 4 years are presented.

Results:

Data revealed a correspondence between identified student needs and use of program services, as well as high satisfaction ratings.

Conclusion:

Findings supported the provision of both traditional academic support, as well as other critical supports to address the academic and social stressors associated with the transitions experienced by nontraditional, working, and graduate nursing students. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2017;56(4):235–239.]
Observación confirmada de Oxalis dillenii en España
Authors: Groom Q. J. , Hoste I. , Janssens S.
Published: April 2017

Confirmamos la presencia de Oxalis dillenii Jacq. en la provincia de Lérida (Cataluña, España). La identidad de la especie fue confirmada tanto por sus características morfológicas como a través de la secuenciación del código de barras del ADN. Se proporciona un mapa de distribución de O. dillenii, así como notas sobre su identificación.
A new method in estimation of total hexavalent chromium in Portland pozzolan cement
Authors: Sharma R. , Sharma D. K.
Published: April 2017

Variamine blue was used first time for the detection of hexavalent chromium from cement samples. In present method, cement was treated sequentially with water, sulphate and carbonate buffer to extract soluble, sparingly soluble and insoluble hexavalent chromium respectively. Extracted Cr (VI) was determined using variamine blue as chromogenic reagent. The determination is based on the reaction of hexavalent chromium with potassium iodide in an acid medium to liberate iodine. This oxidizes variamine blue to form a violet coloured species having an absorption to maximum at 556 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) confirmed the complete extraction of hexavalent chromium by sequential extraction process. SRM 2701 (Reference material from NIST, USA) was used for revalidating the results. The percentage of recovery for proposed and reference method (diphelycarbazide method) varied from 98.5 to 101 and 97.5 to 100.5. Whereas, their relative error percentage varied from -1.5 to 0.33 and -2.5 to 0.5.
Epidemiology of Quadriceps Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015
Authors: Eckard Timothy G. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Padua Darin A. , Djoko Aristarque , Dompier Thomas P.
Published: April 2017

Context: 

Few researchers have examined the rates and patterns of quadriceps strains in student-athletes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

Objective: 

To describe the epidemiology of quadriceps strains in 25 NCAA sports during the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years.

Design: 

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting: 

Convenience sample of NCAA programs from 25 sports during the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years.

Patients or Other Particpants: 

Collegiate student-athletes participating in men's and women's NCAA athletics during the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Aggregate quadriceps strain injury and exposure data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years were analyzed. Quadriceps strain injury rates and injury rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: 

Overall, 517 quadriceps strains were reported, resulting in an injury rate of 1.07/10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The sports with the highest overall quadriceps strain rates were women's soccer (5.61/10 000 AEs), men's soccer (2.52/10 000 AEs), women's indoor track (2.24/10 000 AEs), and women's softball (2.15/10 000 AEs). Across sex-comparable sports, women had a higher rate of quadriceps strains than men overall (1.97 versus 0.65/10 000 AEs; IRR = 3.03; 95% CI = 2.45, 3.76). The majority of quadriceps strains were sustained during practice (77.8%). However, the quadriceps strain rate was higher during competition than during practice (1.29 versus 1.02/10 000 AEs; IRR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.56). Most quadriceps strains occurred in the preseason (57.8%), and rates were higher during the preseason compared with the regular season (2.29 versus 0.63/10 000 AEs; IRR = 3.60; 95% CI = 3.02, 4.30). Common injury mechanisms were noncontact (63.2%) and overuse (21.9%). Most quadriceps strains restricted participation by less than 1 week (79.3%).

Conclusions: 

Across 25 sports, higher quadriceps strain rates were found in women versus men, in competitions versus practices, and in the preseason versus the regular season. Most quadriceps strains were minor in severity, although further surveillance is needed to better examine the risk factors associated with incidence and severity.
Understanding sexuality from the security gospel perspective: Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries as a case study
Authors: Adelakun Adewale
Published: April 2017

This article examines a new dimension in the Nigerian Pentecostal understanding of sexuality, which is influenced by the security gospel emanating from Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries in Nigeria. This new dimension is noted in how Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries intricately connects sexuality with destiny. This article shows how Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries promotes a conservative understanding of sexuality as the key to securing believers’ destinies. Understanding sexuality from the security gospel perspective is an indication that the Pentecostal theology of sex is dynamic and ambivalent, especially when the theology is spiced with African traditional beliefs. This is demonstrated through a content analysis of the teachings and messages of Pastor Daniel Olukoya, the founder of Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries, which are available in print, audio and video clips. It is argued that the persuasive manner in which these teachings are presented tends to create a phobia of sex in the minds of listeners.
A 15-year record of CO emissions constrained by MOPITT CO observations
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Worden John R. , Worden Helen , Deeter Merritt , Jones Dylan B. A. , Arellano Avelino F. , Henze Daven K.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Long-term measurements from satellites and surface stations have demonstrated a decreasing trend of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) in the Northern Hemisphere over the past decade. Likely explanations for this decrease include changes in anthropogenic, fires, and/or biogenic emissions or changes in the primary chemical sink hydroxyl radical (OH). Using remotely sensed CO measurements from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite instrument, in situ methyl chloroform (MCF) measurements from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) and the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem model, we estimate the change in global CO emissions from 2001 to 2015. We show that the loss rate of MCF varied by 0.2 % in the past 15 years, indicating that changes in global OH distributions do not explain the recent decrease in CO. Our two-step inversion approach for estimating CO emissions is intended to mitigate the effect of bias errors in the MOPITT data as well as model errors in transport and chemistry, which are the primary factors contributing to the uncertainties when quantifying CO emissions using these remotely sensed data. Our results confirm that the decreasing trend of tropospheric CO in the Northern Hemisphere is due to decreasing CO emissions from anthropogenic and biomass burning sources. In particular, we find decreasing CO emissions from the United States and China in the past 15 years, and unchanged anthropogenic CO emissions from Europe since 2008. We find decreasing trends of biomass burning CO emissions from boreal North America, boreal Asia and South America, but little change over Africa. In contrast to prior results, we find that a positive trend in CO emissions is likely for India and southeast Asia.
Has dyke development in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta shifted flood hazard downstream?
Authors: Triet Nguyen Van Khanh , Dung Nguyen Viet , Fujii Hideto , Kummu Matti , Merz Bruno , Apel Heiko
Published: April 2017

Abstract. In the Vietnamese part of the Mekong Delta (VMD) the areas with three rice crops per year have been expanded rapidly during the last 15 years. Paddy-rice cultivation during the flood season has been made possible by implementing high-dyke flood defenses and flood control structures. However, there are widespread claims that the high-dyke system has increased water levels in downstream areas. Our study aims at resolving this issue by attributing observed changes in flood characteristics to high-dyke construction and other possible causes. Maximum water levels and duration above the flood alarm level are analysed for gradual trends and step changes at different discharge gauges. Strong and robust increasing trends of peak water levels and duration downstream of the high-dyke areas are found with a step change in 2000/2001, i.e. immediately after the disastrous flood which initiated the high-dyke development. These changes are in contrast to the negative trends detected at stations upstream of the high-dyke areas. This spatially different behavior of changes in flood characteristics seems to support the public claims. To separate the impact of the high-dyke development from the impact of the other drivers, i.e. changes in the flood hydrograph entering the Mekong Delta, and changes in the tidal dynamics, hydraulic model simulations of the two recent large flood events in 2000 and 2011 are performed. The hydraulic model is run for a set of scenarios whereas the different drivers are interchanged. The simulations reveal that for the central VMD an increase of 9–13 cm in flood peak and 15 days in duration can be attributed to high-dyke development. However, for this area the tidal dynamics have an even larger effect in the range of 19–32 cm. However, the relative contributions of the three drivers of change vary in space across the delta. In summary, our study confirms the claims that the high-dyke development has raised the flood hazard downstream. However, it is not the only and not the most important driver of the observed changes. It has to be noted that changes in tidal levels caused by sea level rise in combination with the widely observed land subsidence and the temporal coincidence of high water levels and spring tides have even larger impacts. It is recommended to develop flood risk management strategies using the high-dyke areas as retention zones to mitigate the flood hazard downstream.
La Documentación Fílmica: marco contextual histórico
Authors: Domínguez-Delgado Rubén , López-Hernández María Ángeles
Published: April 2017

La consideración que se ha tenido sobre los documentos fílmicos ha evolucionado a lo largo de los casi ciento veinte años de historia del cine, pasando estos de ser considerados mera mercancía que una vez usada podía desecharse a considerarse parte de un patrimonio documental, cultural e histórico cuya preservación tendrá una importancia vital como memoria de la Humanidad para las futuras generaciones. En este dificultoso camino, que recorreremos en el presente artículo, algunas personas (cinéfilos amantes del cine, coleccionistas, productores y otros profesionales del cine y de los archivos) reivindicaron ese valor documental, trabajando y proponiendo proyectos concretos hasta lograr que se creasen filmotecas públicas y la Federación Internacional de Archivos Fílmicos (FIAF) que aún hoy las coordina, así como que los organismos públicos reconociesen oficialmente dicho valor a partir de 1980. Recordando sus reivindicaciones, preocupaciones y proyectos, queremos rendir un necesario homenaje con la presente investigación a todas estas personas, en un momento oportuno de grandes recortes económicos a las filmotecas por parte de los gobiernos, para que aquellos esfuerzos no caigan en un peligroso olvido que nos haga volver a presenciar una nueva oleada de destrucción masiva del patrimonio cinematográfico, similar a las sufridas a comienzos de los años veinte, treinta y cincuenta del siglo XX.
Evolución de la imagen aportada por las noticias deportivas de dos periódicos digitales de España y Estados Unidos (2004 vs 2014)
Authors: Manuel-Palao Jose , González-Coll Rocío , Elizabeth Frideres Jillian
Published: April 2017

El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la evolución de la imagen del deporte que se da a la sociedad por parte de la prensa digital de dos países occidentales en un periodo de diez años (2004 y 2014). Se analizaron 1816 artículos de deporte publicados en usaytoday.com y de 1135 artículos de deporte publicados en elmundo.es. Las noticias analizadas fueron recogidas en cuatro momentos: dos semanas de octubre del 2003 y del 2013, y en dos semanas de febrero del 2004 y del 2014. El cuarto periodo de análisis coincidió con los JJ.OO. de Invierno del 2014. Las variables registradas fueron: tipo de noticias, idoneidad, nivel de competición, género al que hacía referencia la noticia, y deporte al que hacía referencia la noticia. La evolución del tipo de noticias deportivas muestra una menor diversidad de noticias en relación al nivel de los deportistas, una menor diversidad en relación a los tipos de deportes, un mayor número de noticias sobre conductas no adecuadas, y un desequilibrio entre las noticias de género masculino y femenino. La imagen del deporte que ofrecen estos periódicos es elitista, masculina, y está centrada en un reducido número de deportes.
Nuevas fórmulas de comunicación corporativas basadas en la colaboración interuniversitaria: proyecto Semillas de ciencia
Authors: Martín-Pena Daniel , Parejo-Cuellar Macarena
Published: April 2017

Las TIC están permitiendo desarrollar una comunicación corporativa basada en la filosofía del pro-común. Gracias a Internet y a las herramientas que la red de redes ofrece para trabajar de forma colaborativa, más de una veintena de radios universitarias pertenecientes a la ARU (Asociación de Radios Universitarias de España) han puesto en marcha en 2014, un proyecto interuniversitario de divulgación de la ciencia. Juntos, estos servicios universitarios, han diseñado un programa de radio, “Semillas de Ciencia”, basado en entrevistas y reportajes, que pone en valor no sólo el conocimiento científico generado en sus laboratorios sino también la capacidad de crear redes entre servicios universitarios para la producción de materiales, únicos, rigurosos y con la exactitud periodística que permite acercar la ciencia a la sociedad. En este artículo se pretende narrar la experiencia y evolución vivida en el desarrollo del proyecto a la vez que poner de manifiesto las ventajas de ejecutar colaboraciones en materia de comunicación y difusión de resultados de investigación. Además, es objetivo también de este artículo abordar la nueva formación que se demanda a quien trabaja en estos departamentos universitarios por cuanto debe conjugar su capacidad de contar aspectos científicos con su destreza en el medio radiofónico y su dominio tecnológico.
Openness as social praxis
Authors: Smith Matthew Longshore , Seward Ruhiya
Published: April 2017

Since the early 2000s, there has been an explosion in the usage of the term open, arguably stemming from the advent of networked technologies — including the Internet and mobile technologies. ‘Openness’ seems to be everywhere, and takes many forms: from open knowledge, open education, open data and open science, to open Internet, open medical records systems and open innovation. These applications of openness are having a profound, and sometimes transformative, effect on social, political and economic life.This explosion of the use of the term has led to multiple interpretations, ambiguities, and even misunderstandings, not to mention countless debates and disagreements over precise definitions. The paper “Fifty shades of open” by Pomerantz and Peek (2016) highlighted the increasing ambiguity and even confusion surrounding this term. This article builds on Pomerantz and Peek’s attempt to disambiguate the term by offering an alternative understanding to openness — that of social praxis. More specifically, our framing can be broken down into three social processes: open production, open distribution, and open consumption. Each process shares two traits that make them open: you don’t have to pay (free price), and anyone can participate (non-discrimination) in these processes.We argue that conceptualizing openness as social praxis offers several benefits. First, it provides a way out of a variety of problems that result from ambiguities and misunderstandings that emerge from the current multitude of uses of openness. Second, it provides a contextually sensitive understanding of openness that allows space for the many different ways openness is experienced — often very different from the way that more formal definitions conceptualize it. Third, it points us towards an approach to developing practice-specific theory that we believe helps us build generalizable knowledge on what works (or not), for whom, and in what contexts.
#RIPINSTAGRAM: Examining user’s counter-narratives opposing the introduction of algorithmic personalization on Instagram
Authors: Mahnke Skrubbeltrang Martina , Grunnet Josefine , Tarp Nicolai Traasdahl
Published: April 2017

When Instagram announced the implementation of algorithmic personalization on their platform a heated debate arose. Several users expressed instantly their strong discontent under the hashtag #RIPINSTAGRAM. In this paper, we examine how users commented on the announcement of Instagram implementing algorithmic personalization. Drawing on the conceptual starting point of framing user comments as “counter-narratives” (Andrews, 2004), which oppose Instagram’s organizational narrative of improving the user experience, the study explores the main concerns users bring forth in greater detail. The two-step analysis draws on altogether 8,645 comments collected from Twitter and Instagram. The collected Twitter data were used to develop preliminary inductive categories describing users’ counter-narratives. Thereafter, we coded all Instagram data extracted from Instagram systematically in order to enhance, adjust and revise the preliminary categories. This inductive coding approach (Mayring, 2000) combined with an in-depth qualitative analysis resulted in the identification of the following four counter-narratives brought forth by users: 1) algorithmic hegemony; 2) violation of user autonomy; 3) prevalence of commercial interests; and 4) deification of mainstream. All of these counter-narratives are related to ongoing public debates regarding the social implications of algorithmic personalization. In conclusion, the paper suggests that the identified counter-narratives tell a story of resistance. While technological advancement is generally welcomed and celebrated, the findings of this study point towards a growing user resistance to algorithmic personalization.
A numerical study of RBFs-DQ method for multi-asset option pricing problems
Authors: Ranjbar Mojtaba , Khodayari Leila
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we propose a numerical scheme to solve multi-dimensional Black-Scholes equation using the global radial basis functions-based dierential quadrature (RBFs-DQ) method. Before applying the method, it is needed to remove mixed derivatives from the Black-Scholes equation by making an appropriate change of variables . Then, any spatial derivatives are approximated by a linear weighted sum of all the function values in the whole physical domain. In the RBFs-DQ method the weighting coecients are computed by RBFs. The method is very easy to implement and the non-singularity is ensured. The proposed method com bines the advantages of the conventional DQ method and the RBFs. It also remains mesh-free feature of RBFs.
Non-linear elliptic unilateral problems in Musielak-Orlicz spaces with L1 data
Authors: Ait Khellou Mustafa , Benkirane Abdelmoujib
Published: April 2017

We prove an existence result of solutions for nonlinear elliptic unilateral problems having natural growth terms and L1 data in Musielak-Orlicz-Sobolev space W1Lφ, under the assumption that the conjugate function of φ satisfies the ∆2-condition.
Dualidade entre satisfação e sofrimento no trabalho da equipe de enfermagem em centro cirúrgico
Authors: Tostes Maria Fernanda Do Prado , Da Silva Andréia Queiroz , Garçon Talita Lopes , Maran Edilaine , Teston Elen Ferraz
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Buscou‑se apreender a percepção da equipe de Enfermagem sobre a relação entre trabalho em centro cirúrgico (CC) e saúde.Método: Pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, realizada em hospital de médio porte da Região Noroeste do Paraná. Vinte e três membros da equipe de Enfermagem atuantes em CC participaram desta pesquisa. Em setembro de 2014, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista com duas questões norteadoras. Os resultados foram agrupados em categorias temáticas, de acordo com a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, e interpretados no referencial teórico de Dejours. Resultados: Apreendeu‑se que a Enfermagem vivenciou uma dualidade de sentimentos: satisfação/prazer — representada pelas relações interpessoais estabelecidas no trabalho, pelo aprendizado constante e pelo conhecimento científico — e sofrimento — decorrente da organização do processo de trabalho e manifestado por sintomas físicos e psicossociais que repercutem na saúde. Conclusão: Reconhecer a relação entre trabalho e saúde e os fatores geradores de sofrimento no trabalho em CC é fundamental para subsidiar estratégias de promoção da saúde do trabalhador e melhoria das condições de trabalho.