bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the impact of climate change on the thermal performance of walls and roof in Morocco
Authors: Kharbouch Yassine , Ameur Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Climate change has become a real challenge in different fields, including the building sector. Understanding and assessing the impact of climate change on building energy performance is still necessary to elaborate new climate-adaptive design measures for future buildings. The building energy consumption for heating and cooling is mainly related to the building envelope thermal performance. In this study, the winter heat loss and summer heat gain indicators are proposed to assess and analyse the potential impact of climate change on opaque building envelope elements for different climate zones in Morocco over the next 40 years. For that purpose, a one-dimensional heat transfer model is used to simulate the heat transfer through the multi-layer structure of the wall/roof. A medium climate change scenario is considered in this study. The results showed that the current average walls and roof summer heat gain is expected to increase of about 19.2–54.3% by the 2060s depending on the climate zone, versus a less important decrease in winter heat loss varies between –10.6 and –20.6%. This paper provides a reliable evaluation of the climate change impact on building envelope thermal performance, which leads to better adjustments in future building envelope designs.
Ultrafast electron microscopy for probing magnetic dynamics
Authors: Harvey Tyler R. , Rubiano da Silva Nara , Gaida John H. , Möller Marcel , Feist Armin , Schäfer Sascha , Ropers Claus
Published: September 2021

The spatial features of ultrafast changes in magnetic textures carry detailed information on microscopic couplings and energy transport mechanisms. Electrons excel in imaging such picosecond or shorter processes at nanometer length scales. We review the range of physical interactions that produce ultrafast magnetic contrast with electrons, and specifically highlight the recent emergence of ultrafast Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. From the fundamental processes involved in demagnetization at extremely short timescales to skyrmion-based devices, we show that ultrafast electron imaging will be a vital tool in solving pressing problems in magnetism and magnetic materials where nanoscale inhomogeneity, microscopic field measurement, non-equilibrium behavior or dynamics are involved.

Graphic abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Early Stage 1a Retinal Hemangioblastoma in Von-Hippel-Lindau
Authors: Goswami Ananya , Surve Abhidnya , Venkatesh Pradeep
Published: September 2021

Von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is characterized by focal vasoproliferative tumors of retinal capillaries called retinal capillary hemangioblastomas (RCH). These tumors are initially small and can be easily missed if not looked for carefully. As they grow, these tumors are more demanding to treat and hence the importance of detecting them early and treating them. Herein, we describe and review the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of the early-stage lesion, which suggested the involvement of superficial and a deeper retinal capillary plexus. In addition, to helping us detect these lesions earlier, OCTA may also help to understand the in vivo changes occurring at an earlier phase.
Role of brassinolide and spraying stages in Zea mays plant
Authors: M. Habeeb Ahmed J. , H. Al-Hilfy Intsar H.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: A Field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Dept. of Field Crop (Al-Jadriya), Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad to study the effects of brassinolide concentrations and spraying stages on yield and its components of maize (Baghdad 3 cultivar) during spring and autumn seasons in 2017. Materials and Methods: A randomized complete blocks design arranged in actorial experiment was used with three replicates. The first factor included three concentrations (0, 2 and 4 mg L-1) of brassinolide,and the second factor included spraying stages (4, 8, 12, 4 + 8, 4 + 12, and 8 + 12 leaves) using the same concentrations for each stage. Results and discussion: Results showed that the concentration 4 mg L-1 gave the highest grain yield (6.59 and 7.15 t ha-1) for its superiority in 500 grain weight (102.74 and 112.26 g) and number of ears per plant (1.43 and 1.44 ear) for both spring and autumn seasons, respectively. The spraying stage (4 + 8 leaves) recorded highest grain yield (6.33 and 6.77 t ha-1), and 500 grain weight (104.73 and 119.20 g) for both spring and autumn seasons, respectively. The effect of interaction for both factors was significant in most studied traits. Conclusion: Therefore, we recommend spraying Brassinolide in a concentration of 4 mg L-1 at the stage 4 + 8 leaves to increase grain yield of maize
Investigation on illustration in urban advertising and its role in city image
Authors: Eshaghzadeh Torbati Hanieh
Published: September 2021

Illustration is a method used by graphic designers. Urban advertising is a subfield of environmental advertising (both of them are in environmental graphic) that in addition to the aspect of advertising, can affect on other aspects of city image. Indeed advertising illustration is generally an activity that an image is designed to advertise a product or special commodity. If this image located in the environment of city, becomes a part of urban advertising, and regarding to that today advertising exists everywhere. If the planning and management are not done properly in this regard, then it not only has a negative effect but also unintentionally causes to anarchy and lack of peace and comfort of residents. We aim to investigate on illustration in urban advertising and its role in city's image. Finally the article shows that the illustration on urban advertising is a method that can successfully act in regard to advertising and have a positive impact on urban image. Indeed attention and focus to the common aim should be considered.
Characterization and evaluation Typha domingensis Pers.) of a fungal growth medium composed pollens powder of cattail (
Authors: Al-Bader Salah M.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: A great progressing occurs in microbiology Ulocladium sp. after culture media have been used in culturing, isolation, identification, and reservation of microorganisms. According to their components, culture media were divided into natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic, the natural medium contain almost all the nutritional requirements but in non-defined quantities. In the current work, the validity of Typha domingensis pollens as a new substrate for fungal culture medium was tested. Several physical and chemical characteristics of medium were detected. The growth of nine fungal isolates were evaluated on semisolid and broth media. Materials and Methods: Ten gram of starchy powder free from spike tissue + 15gm agar were used for one liter of Typha pollens agar (TPA). The growth of local isolates of Candida sp., Rhodotorula sp., Aspergillus niger, , Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Chrysosporium sp., and Microsporum sp. were tested on (TPA), and (PCA). Biomass of filamentous isolates was estimated by TP broth and PC broth.ANOVA test at level 0.05 was followed to clarify the significant increasing of biomass. To qualify the nutritional value of Typha pollens, the percentage oftotal nitrogen , carbon , phosphorus , and potassium were estimated . pH of TPA were detected as well as its color, transparency , and gelatin texture were practically evaluated . Results and Discussion : The chemical composition analysis showed that pollens powder contain C=58%, N=2.16%, P= 0.19%and K=3.36%. The pH was 6.72 at room temperature . Typha pollens agar support growth of all tested fungal isolates. The semisolid TPA had a typical characteristic for culturing and diagnosis of fungi including a suitable gelatin texture and a pale transparent yellow color . All tested fungi except Penicilliumsp. showed higher growth on TPA , on the other side the fungal biomass increased significantly by TP broth in comparison with PC broth (ANOVA test at 0.05 level). Conclusions : Pollens of cattail (T. domingensis ) provide a suitable environment , and nutritive requirements for fungi .It can be usedeasily and successfully as essential substrate for preparing culture medium for primary isolation of fungi. A farther studies were needed to gain a view about using T.domingensis pollens to isolate pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
The types of mechanical and thermal stresses on the first stage rotor blade of a turbine
Authors: Hannun Rafid M. , Radhi Hazim I. , Essi Noura A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In this paper, the simulation of first stage of low pressure turbine for Nasiriya Power Plant was done to study the aerodynamic characteristic of steam along stage at load 70 MW, also the two types of mechanical stresses on the first stage rotor blade were studied in this paper. Materials and Methods:The material of blade was X20Cr13 stainless steel grade 1.4021. The first type of mechanical stresses which due to the steam pressure on the blade was analyzed. The seconds types of mechanical stresses that the centrifugal stresses on the blade. The AutoCAD software code was used for modeling the turbine stage, the dimensions and operational conditions were obtained practically from Nasiriya power plant and ANSYS (15.0) software was used to make simulate the turbine. Results and Discussion: The results showed that maximum steam velocity occurred at trailing edge of stationary blades and leading edge of rotating blades, also the maximum stresses occurred at the leading edge and trailing edge of root blade, the stresses due to the effect of centrifugal force is larger than the stresses due the pressure force. Conclusions: The maximum deformation occurred at tip of blade and minimum deformation depicted at root of blade.
Human gait-based gender classification using neutral and non-neutral gait sequences
Authors: Mawlood Zhyar Q. , Sabir Azhin T.
Published: September 2021

A biometric system offers automatic identification of an individual basedon characteristic possessed by the individual. Biometric identification systems are often categorized as physiological or behavioural characteristics.Gait as one of the behavioural biometric recognition aims to recognizean individual by the way he/she walk. In this paper we propose genderclassification based on human gait features using wavelet transform andinvestigates the problem of non-neutral gait sequences; Coat Wearing andcarrying bag condition as addition to the neutral gait sequences. We shallinvestigate a new set of feature that generated based on the Gait Energy Image and Gait Entropy Image called Gait Entropy Energy Image(GEnEI). Three different feature sets constructed from GEnEI basedon wavelet transform called, Approximation coefficient Gait EntropyEnergy Image, Vertical coefficient Gait Entropy Energy Image and Approximation & Vertical coefficients Gait Entropy Energy Image Finallytwo different classification methods are used to test the performance ofthe proposed method separately, called k-nearest-neighbour and SupportVector Machine. Our tests are based on a large number of experimentsusing a well-known gait database called CASIA B gait database, includes124 subjects (93 males and 31 females). The experimental result indicatesthat the proposed method provides significant results and outperform thestate of the art.
Investigating the effects of 5G communication networks on smarting the urban management and sustainable economic development
Authors: Reza Zobeyri Mohammad , Zobeyri Ronak
Published: September 2021

This article, with a global view, explains the necessity of using smart urban technologies in the development of the infrastructure of ICTnetworks and in order to resolve the urban management challenges. Also, by reviewing some smart model in current modern cities, alongwith new generations of high-speed communications, some of the improvements made in this field are being examined. The economicview in this research has a global approach to saving energy and increasing productivity while protecting natural resources and theenvironment through emerging communications technologies. At the end of this research, by challenging some traditional andcostly method in urban management, it is proposed to provide technological solutions to save time and money, as well as urbanbeautification and urbanization. With the hope that the findings of this study, though insignificant, will be the light on urban planningand urban considerations to integrate smart city technologies. It should be noted that the potential of the policymakers in the nearfuture will be effected on creating an appropriate environment for sustainable development of the economy in national dimensions.
The symbols of environmental sustainability in Iranian religious beliefs by emphasizing on Zoroastrianism and Islam
Authors: Ossadat Hejazi Moeine , Sarbakhshian Behnam
Published: September 2021

Environmental issues have always been one of the main axes ofsustainable development and the main challenges of the governments. The thing that has caused the most damage to nature is theover-exploitation of man from nature with modernist perspectives. It seems that human beings have a more peaceful, environmentallyfriendly attitude in the frameworks of traditional views. The two Zoroastrian and Islamic religions have had significant effects onIranian thought since the beginning of the formation of powerful ancient and historical powers in Iran. Religions have used symboliclanguages to express the deep concepts and the induction of internal effects. This study used a descriptive-historical method toidentify the symbols related to environmental in indigenous culture and dominant religious beliefs in Iran. The data was collected usingdocumentary research method. The research findings indicate that symbols can be categorized in six major groups including; symbolsof sky, wind, and celestial bodies: 1- moon, stars, sun and planets, 2- mountain, soil, rock, cave, desert, 3- water, river, fountains, 4-plants: flowers, trees, 5- animals, 6- fire and light. There is a close relationship between Zoroastrian and Islamic beliefs toward elementsof nature, in which respect for nature is considered as religious duties. Various symbols have emerged because of these beliefs inIranian culture that have the ability to capture cultural, literary and artistic realms, sustainable architecture and urbanization on a regional, national, and international scale in order to preserve and restore the environment.
Design and simulation of a conical rotor axial -radial flux permanent magnet generator of power 1.1kW for micro wind turbines
Authors: Nourifard Shiva , Mahmoud Hasheminejad Seyyed , Jami Majid
Published: September 2021

In this study, design, design calculations and simulation of a permanent magnet generator, which includes two sections of radialand axial flux, are discussed. The output power from the generator is 1.1 kilowatt. In the design of the generator, a cone-shapedstructure with a 90-degree cone angle of 45 degrees from the sides is used for the rotor. In order to compare the various structuresof the synchronous generator, and given that today, permanent magnet generators have been considered with regard to featuressuch as lower weight, higher yields and higher power density than other conventional generators. A finite element analysis of thegenerator developed in Maxwell software. In the radial flux section, the generator includes a conical rotor and a cone stator. Thewindings on the external stator are trapezoidal and are located in stator racks. The finite element analysis of the generator confirmsthat permanent magnet magnets designed on the inner rotor have provided a magnetic flux equal to 1.2 Tesla in the air gap betweenthe generator and the winding of the stator. The rotor magnetic field analysis, rotor magnetic field strength, magnetic field intensity,and magnetic field density at a speed of 500 rpm for cone structure have been performed. In the axial flux section, the generatorconsists of two rotors and a grooved stator, which is obtained by simulating a 1.1 kW power with a sinusoidal three-phase voltage.Two sections of radial flux with a cone-shaped rotor and axial flux side by side make up the generator.
Modeling factors affecting the choice of telework and its impact on demand in transportation networks
Authors: Vakilian Rambod , Edrisi Ali
Published: September 2021

This research estimates the extent of using teleworking to mean the feasibility and appropriateness of this method of work for employees and professors according to their characteristics and features of career. The study population included university staff and professors in Tehran and data collection was carried out through 447 questionnaires. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the transport demand caused by teleworking. The results showed that various factors including history and percentage of telework and after that, the time delay of home-to-work and trave distance affected the model of transportation demand of professor’s members. For the staffing community, it had the greatest impact on teleworking, history and percentage of telework, followed by travel distances, latency from work to home, and latency from home to work.
Using different types of neural networks in detection the body's readiness for blood donation and determining the value of each of its parameters using genetic algorithm
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Mahdavi Yousefi Asma , Rajabi Saman
Published: September 2021

Blood transfusion is of great importance in the medical field, as blood donation centers are responsible for collecting and distributing blood and blood products. Artificial neural network is a data processing system getting ideas from the human brain and designs a data structure that acts like a neuron using programming science and by creating a network between these neurons and combining large amounts of data with smart algorithms and their rapid processing, the network is trained. In this study, data is extracted from the blood transfusion service center and the perceptron neural network, RBF neural network, Fisher’s discrimination ratio and genetic algorithm were examined, and finally the highest possible accuracy from the neural network was achieved.
On the genus of non-zero component union graphs of vector spaces
Authors: KALAİMURUGAN Gnanappirakasam , GOPİNATH Singaravelu , TAMİZH CHELVAM T
Published: September 2021

Let $\mathbb{V}$ be an $n$-dimensional vector space over the field $\mathbb{F}$ with a basis $\mathfrak{B}=\{\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_n\}.$ For a non-zero vector $v\in\mathbb{V}\setminus\{0\},$ the skeleton of $v$ with respect to the basis $\mathbb{B}$ is defined as $S_\mathfrak{B}(v)=\{\alpha_i : v=\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_i\alpha_i, a_i\neq 0\}.$ The non-zero component union graph $\Gamma(\mathbb{V}_\mathfrak{B})$ of $\mathbb{V}$ with respect to $\mathfrak{B}$ is the simple graph with vertex set $V=\mathbb{V}\setminus\{0\}$ and two distinct non-zero vectors $u,v \in V$ are adjacent if and only if $S_\mathfrak{B}(u)\cup S_\mathfrak{B}(v)=\mathfrak{B}.$ First, we obtain some graph theoretical properties of $\Gamma(\mathbb{V}_\mathfrak{B}).$ Further, we characterize all finite dimensional vector spaces $\mathbb{V}$ for which $\Gamma(\mathbb{V}_\mathfrak{B})$ has genus either 0 or 1 or 2. In the last part of the paper, we characterize all finite dimensional vector spaces $\mathbb{V}$ for which the cross cap of $\Gamma(\mathbb{V}_\mathfrak{B})$ is 1.
LECTURA DEL ESCUDO DE RIOBAMBA A TRAVÉS DE LA HERÁLDICA Y LA EMBLEMÁTICA
Authors: Salguero Rosero José Rafael , Montaner Frutos Alberto
Published: September 2021

El ejercicio hermenéutico sobre el escudo de Riobamba ha nucleado a historiadores, cronistas y autoridades municipales, entre ellos, Pedro Traversari, diseñador del actual escudo ecuatoriano. Ante la escasez de documentos auténticos, Traversari acometió la interpretación del escudo a partir de la tradición y la narración de los historiadores Juan de Velasco y González Suárez. Dichas descripciones, hasta la fecha generan confrontaciones entre la población, en cuanto a reconocer al emblema como elemento de identidad. En este contexto, el objetivo del estudio es presentar una lectura alterna a la narración histórica del escudo de Riobamba fundamentados en la Heráldica y la Emblemática como herramientas para su análisis histórico diacrónico, aplicando el método inductivo. Como principales resultados se detallan: la configuración discursiva visual de este escudo heráldico, la conformación, identificación y modos de significación propios del emblema y la lectura complementaria a la narración vigente, mostrando la relación de los atributos hagiográficos de San Pedro y San Pablo, presentes como muebles del escudo analizado.
FEATURES OF STATEMENT OF A QUESTIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF SKILLS OF CRITICAL THINKING OF LEARNERS
Authors:   Osh State University, Keldibekova Aida , Sopuev Ulanbek ,   Osh State University
Published: September 2021

Digitalization of modern society leads to the need for the formation and development of critical thinking of learners. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of the development of critical thinking of schoolchildren by posing educational questions. In the course of the study, following results were obtained: the scope and basic principles of compiling questions for the development of critical thinking of schoolchildren were identified, the conditions for the formation of mental skills were identified. Conclusions are drawn: the correct formulation of questions in teaching mathematics contributes to the development of mathematical and analytical competencies of students. Pupils' understanding of issues goes through 4 main stages: setting goals, finding information, drawing up an action plan, choosing a solution strategy.
Can the Federal Reserve Effectively Target Main Street? Evidence from the 1970s Recession
Authors: Kandrac John
Published: September 2021

Modern central bankers confront a challenge of providing economic stimulus even when the policy rate is constrained by a lower bound. This challenge has led to substantial innovation by policymakers and a proliferation of new policy tools. In this paper, I offer evidence on the efficacy of a new tool known as funding for lending, which provides banks with subsidized funding to make additional loans. I focus on a historical episode from the United States in which the Federal Reserve provided banks with steeply subsidized loans to promote the expansion of credit within their local communities. I show that the cheap funding succeeded in generating more lending by countering banks' excessive liquidity preference. The additional credit benefited the real economy. Local areas enjoyed higher rates of small business formation and more rapid employment growth. Finally, I show that the cost of the subsidy provided by the government was more than offset by the additional payroll taxes paid out of higher wages and salaries. These results suggest that funding for lending programs deserve consideration for the modern central banker's toolkit and demonstrate that certain unconventional tools can offer monetary policymakers the means to pursue more targeted objectives.
Why Do We Think That Inflation Expectations Matter for Inflation? (And Should We?)
Authors: Rudd Jeremy B.
Published: September 2021

Economists and economic policymakers believe that households' and firms' expectations of future inflation are a key determinant of actual inflation. A review of the relevant theoretical and empirical literature suggests that this belief rests on extremely shaky foundations, and a case is made that adhering to it uncritically could easily lead to serious policy errors.
STRONGLY AND SOLIDLY ω1-WEAK pω·2+n-PROJECTIVE ABELIAN p-GROUPS
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia, Bulgaria), Danchev Peter V.
Published: September 2021

We define the classes of strongly ω1-weak pω·2+n-projective, solidly ω1-weak pω·2+n-projective and nicely ω1-weak pω·2+n-projective abelian p-groups and study their crucial properties. This continues our recent investigations of this branch, published in Hacettepe J. Math. Stat. (2013) and Bull. Malaysian Math. Sci. Soc. (2014), respectively.
COMBUSTION OF A GAS SUSPENSION OF COAL DUST IN A SWIRLING FLOW
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Moiseeva K.M. , Krainov A.Yu. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Rozhkova E.I. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

Swirling combustion is currently one of the most important engineering problems in physics of combustion. There is a hypothesis on the increase in the combustion efficiency of reacting gas mixtures in combustion chambers with swirling flows, as well as on the increase in the efficiency of fuel combustion devices. In this paper, it is proposed to simulate a swirling flow by taking into account the angular component of the flow velocity. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of the angular component of the flow velocity on the characteristics of the flow and combustion of an air suspension of coal dust in a pipe. The problem is solved in a twodimensional axisymmetric approximation with allowance for a swirling flow. A physical and mathematical model is based on the approaches of the mechanics of multiphase reacting media. A solution method involves the arbitrary discontinuity decay algorithm. The impact of the flow swirl and the size of coal dust particles on the gas temperature distribution along the pipe is determined.
ROTATIONS AND VIBRATIONS OF FULLERENES IN THE MOLECULAR COMPLEX C20@C80
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Bubenchikov M.A. , Bubenchikov A.M. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Mamontov D.V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work is to apply classical mechanics to a description of the dynamic state of C20@C80 diamond complex. Endohedral rotations of fullerenes are of great interest due to the ability of the materials created on the basis of onion complexes to accumulate energy at rotational degrees of freedom. For such systems, a concept of temperature is not specified. In this paper, a closed description of the rotation of large molecules arranged in diamond shells is obtained in the framework of the classical approach. This description is used for C20@C80 diamond complex. Two different problems of molecular dynamics, distinguished by a fixing method for an outer shell of the considered bimolecular complex, are solved. In all the cases, the fullerene rotation frequency is calculated. Since a class of possible motions for a single carbon body (molecule) consists of rotations and translational displacements, the paper presents the equations determining each of these groups of motions. Dynamic equations for rotational motions of molecules are obtained employing the moment of momentum theorem for relative motions of the system near the fullerenes’ centers of mass. These equations specify the operation of the complex as a molecular pendulum. The equations of motion of the fullerenes’ centers of mass determine vibrations in the system, i.e. the operation of the complex as a molecular oscillator.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF INTRA-CHAMBER PROCESSES IN A SOLID ROCKET MOTOR WITH ACCOUNT FOR BURNING SURFACE MOTION
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Kiryushkin A.E. , Minkov L.L. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

The axisymmetric solid rocket motor (SRM) with an “umbrella” shape is considered in this paper. The numerical algorithm based on the inverse Lax-Wendroff procedure for a gas dynamic equation and on the level-set method for tracking the burning surface is overviewed for internal ballistics problems. Assuming that the propellant combustion proceeds in a quasi-stationary regime and a mass flow from the burning surface depends on the pressure raised to the power of parameter ν, the numerical computations of intra-chamber combustion product flows during the main-firing phase are carried out using the numerical algorithm developed for “umbrella”-shaped SRM at different parameter values. The approximation convergence of flow parameters in a case of the stationary propellant surface and average intra-chamber pressure for all the time of motor operation is examined. The numerical simulation results are obtained and analyzed for different “umbrella” inclination angles. Though the developed algorithm has been applied to the motors with a specific shape, it can also be used for propellant grains of different shapes and is easily extended to 3D models.
FINITE DEFORMATIONS OF A TOROIDAL SHELL
Authors:   Tula State University (Tula, Russian Federation), Kozlov V.V. , Markin A.A. ,   Tula State University (Tula, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

The stress-strain state of a nonlinear elastic shell exposed to the internal pressure is considered. A surface of the shell is toroidal in shape in the initial state. The Lagrangian coordinates of the shell are assigned to a cylindrical system. The kinematic characteristics of the process are shown: a law of the motion of points, vectors of a material basis, a strain affinor and its polar decomposition, the Cauchy-Green strain measure and tensor, the Finger measure, and the “left” and the“right” Hencky strain tensors. Neglecting the shear components of the stress tensor, a constitutive relation is obtained as a quasilinear relation between true stress tensor and the Hencky corotation tensor. A system of equilibrium equations is presented in terms of physical components of the true stress tensor in the Lagrangian coordinates. Using the equilibrium equations and the incompressibility condition, a closed system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is obtained to determine six unknown functions, depending on the angle indicating a position of the points along the cross-section in the initial state. The method of successive approximations is applied to estimate stress tensor components and to derive logarithms of the elongations of material fibers.
Markup Fragment in the RuTuBiC Linguistic Corpus. Code-Switching or Lexical Borrowing?
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Rezanova Zoya I.
Published: September 2021

The article presents a solution to one of the problems of special linguistic markup in the RuTuBiC corpus – the Russian Speech Corpus of Russian-Turkic Bilinguals, asso-ciated with error annotation at the lexical level. The corpus includes three subcorpuses representing materials of the Russian speech of Shor-Russian, Tatar-Russian and Khakass-Russian bilinguals. The article presents solutions developed on the basis of all subcorpuses; the illustrative contexts are drawn from the Shor-Russian subcorpus, recordings of interviews with 14 respondents, about 20 hours of sound. The recordings were made during expeditions to Shoria in 2017–2019. Bilingualism of the respondents is defined as early natural bilingualism with the dominance of the second Russian lan-guage, mother tongues are languages of the family heritage. The theoretical basis of the research was works on linguistic contact at the lexical level. Solutions based on the differentiation of lexemes fully mastered by the system of standard Russian and units with the status of borrowings from other subsystems of the national language and other languages are proposed. In the latter case, linguistic and contextual features are distin-guished that oppose lexical borrowing and code-switching. The typical errors singled out at the lexical level are: [LexId] – idiomatic expressions that are not fixed in the standard language (dialectal and vernacular, slang, etc.), they can also be Turkic calques; [LexSem] – general Russian words used in meanings different from those fixed in the normative sources; [LexSemAgr] – violations of the lexical and semantic agreement norms. The units borrowed from the mother tongue of the respondents are located on the scale of transitions from nuclear to borderline. The nuclear units marked with the [Lex] tag are dialectal units, common words, other word usage cases that are outside the standard, as well as borrowings from the Turkic languages that are not included in the dictionaries of standard Russian. On the border “to the left” are borrowings assimilated to different degrees. On the border “to the right” are non-assimilated borrowings and code-switches. The [CodeSw] marks code-switching, insertion of mother tongue elements into Russian speech. The author considers the inclusion of statements as nuclear cases of code-switching, and single lexical inclusions as transitional cases. Code-switching is evidenced by metatext and linguistic proper, primarily phonetic, indicators. There is an insignificant number of both lexical borrowings and cases of code-switching in the speech of the respondents of the RuTuBiC corpus, which depends on the type of bilingualism. The typicality of metatext marking of borrowings and code-switches is determined by the discursive, genre and thematic limitations of the corpus.
Identification of the Technology Frontier
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Balatsky Evgeny ,   Macroeconomic Regulation Center, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

The subject of this study is the innovation market. To understand the laws of its functioning, this article introduces the concept of a technology frontier. This is understood as the relative productivity of labor (relative to the technological leader – the United States), the achievement of which makes it justified for developing economies to move from large-scale borrowing of foreign new technologies to their development within the country. The purpose of the article is to determine the specified frontier, for which a simple econometric model based on international statistics for 61 countries is proposed. To improve the accuracy of the calculations, countries were clustered into two groups: advanced, for which the technology frontier has been crossed and their own developments of new technologies prevail, and developing, for which the problem of the technology frontier remains important. The current value of the technology frontier is in the region of 70% of labor productivity in the United States. The comparison with previous estimates shows that this value tends to increase, which creates additional difficulties for the transition of catching-up countries from the mode of borrowing to the mode of creating new technologies. Taking into account the technological frontier allows avoiding both an undue delay in the development of proprietary technologies as well as a premature transition to the creation of innovations while ignoring the possibilities of borrowing.
Innovation Ecosystems in the Automotive Industry between Opportunities and Limitations
Authors:   Polytechnique Montreal, da Sil'va Rikardo ,   University of São Paulo, Kaminski Paulo ,   University of São Paulo, Marin Rafael
Published: September 2021

The creation of effective innovation ecosystems (IES) at the national or sectoral level remains a difficult and not always feasible task. Basing on evidence from the Brazilian automotive industry, a case of unused opportunities for building a strong IES is considered. This is due to the insensitivity of such ecosystems to new complicated configurations and the formats of non-traditional interaction that they suggest - a “new ecology of competition”, etc. The internal context of companies in relation to the practice of open innovation has been studied. Despite joint projects with close value chain partners, carmakers are showing a closed attitude to external collaboration, unlike players in industries such as aerospace or information and communications technology that gained growth and major transformation by building a broader IES. Only a high demand from the government for creating a strong IES can change the situation.
Mouse Surgery – Transplantation of human thymus into the kidney capsule of NSG mice v1
Authors: Chen Austin , Khosravi-Maharlooei Mohsen , Holzl Markus , Sykes Megan
Published: September 2021

This protocol details our minimally invasive approach for implanting human thymus tissue under the kidney capsule of NSG mice. In contrast to our open abdominal approach, this approach is from the dorsal aspect of the mouse and requires only two interrupted sutures and 1-2 staples to close the incision. The technique can be applied to other strains of mice, though we have found the NSG kidney capsule to be more delicate, and thus more challenging to manipulate during surgery.
Measuring Coral Skeletal Architecture Using Image Analysis v1
Authors: Mclachlan Rowan , Patel Ashruti , G Grottoli Andrea
Published: September 2021

Coral morphology is influenced by genetics, the environment, or the interaction of both, and thus is highly variable. This protocol outlines a non-destructive and relatively simple method for measuring Scleractinian coral sub-corallite skeletal structures (such as the septa length, theca thickness, and corallite diameter, etc.) using digital images produced as a result of digital microscopy or from scanning electron microscopy. This method uses X and Y coordinates of points placed onto photomicrographs to automatically calculate the length and/or diameter of a variety of sub-corallite skeletal structures in the Scleractinian coral Porites lobata. However, this protocol can be easily adapted for other coral species - the only difference may be the specific skeletal structures that are measured (for example, not all coral species have a pronounced columella or pali, or even circular corallites). This protocol is adapted from the methods described in Forsman et al. (2015) & Tisthammer et al. (2018). There are 4 steps to this protocol: 1) Removal of Organic Tissue from Coral Skeletons 2) Imaging of Coral Skeletons 3) Photomicrograph Image Analysis 4) Calculation of Corallite Microstructure Size This protocol was written by Dr. Rowan McLachlan and was reviewed by Ashruti Patel and Dr. Andréa Grottoli. Acknowledgments Leica DMS 1000 and Scanning Electron Microscopy photomicrographs used in this protocol were acquired at the Subsurface Energy Materials Characterization and Analysis Laboratory (SEMCAL), School of Earth Sciences at The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA. I would like to thank Dr. Julie Sheets, Dr. Sue Welch, and Dr. David Cole for training me on the use of these instruments.
Unified pH measurement v1
Authors: Heering Agnes , Leito Ivo , Lahe Markus , Vilbaste Martin
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this document is to present technical guidance of measuring pHabsH2O difference (ΔpHabsH2O value) between two solutions by differential potentiometry in a cell with two compartments connected by a salt bridge filled with an ionic liquid.
Promoting the use of metacognitive and vocabulary learning strategies in 8th graders
Authors:   Universidad de La Sabana, Alvarez-Ayure Claudia Patricia , Barón-Peña Cristina ,   Colegio República Dominicana, Martínez Orjuela Magda Liliana ,   I.E. Técnica Empresarial El Jardín
Published: September 2021

This paper reports on the results of a strategy training experience on a group of 30 A1-eight graders from two public schools in Colombia. Our goal was to identify how the development of metacognitive and vocabulary learning strategies, executed through a WebQuest, influenced the students’ performance in a vocabulary-learning task and their levels of learning autonomy. Data were analysed following the grounded theory approach. The results showed increases in the percentage of students using learning strategies, the adoption of metacognitive behaviours and levels of learner autonomy. Therefore, we propose that classroom practices should incorporate a greater degree of strategy training, mediated by Web-based tools, to help students achieve higher levels of learning control and to develop skills that can be transferred to other learning situations.
Optimization of water reservoir volume in an urban water supply system
Authors: Plantak Lucija , Đurin Bojan , Džeba Tatjana , Dadar Sara
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the water pumping regime, as well as the water consumption regime with regard to the required quantities and the example of water consumption, with an emphasis on changes in water volume, are examined. This aims to show the functioning of the regime of water consumption, water pumping, as well as finding functional relationships between the mentioned sizes and the volume of the water reservoir. The analysis focuses on questions such as how and in what way, changes in the onset and duration of pumping, as well as different water consumption regimes affect the size of the reservoir volume. The entire analysis in this paper was done to develop a scientifically innovative, but also applicable mathematical model, which is a contribution to the profession and a good basis for further scientific research to improve the operation of the urban water supply system.
Association between particulate matter and respiratory symptoms in students in the municipality of Guachetá, Colombia
Authors: Saavedra Bayona Barbara J. , Sepúlveda Villamil Andrés Felipe , Sierra Parada Ronal Jackson , Blanco Becerra Luis Camilo
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article was to establish the association between exposure to particulate matter and respiratory symptoms evaluated in students who remain in schools at the municipality of Guachetá (Colombia). This is a cross-sectional study conducted on children between 4 and 17 years old, in two schools in the municipality of Guachetá. During a period of 11 consecutive working days, using a personal sampling pump and a low-cost real-time sensor, concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were measured. A survey was applied to a sample of 276 students, obtaining respiratory symptoms and general data. A prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated to show the possible association between exposure to particulate matter and respiratory symptoms. The school with the highest concentrations of particulate matter presented a possible association with all the respiratory symptoms evaluated in the school facilities, with a PR of 3.05 (95%CI:1.62-5.76) for cough, 1.85 (95%CI:1.06-3.24) for phlegm, 5.12 (95%CI:2.17-12.07) for shortness of breath, 3.83 (95%CI:2.07-7.10) for sneezing and 2.25 (95%CI:1.12-4.54) for dry nasal passages. In conclusion, children who are located in the school closest to a coke furnace and disrepair roads where heavy traffic circulates, are possibly associated with the presence of respiratory symptoms during their stay in the school facilities. For living in the urban area, cooking with firewood or charcoal, and living with smokers at home, a possible association with the evaluated respiratory symptoms was found.
A Cyperus odoratus Magyarországon
Authors: Mesterházy Attila
Published: September 2021

Magyarország területéről eddig a Cyperus nemzetségnek 11 faja volt ismert, ezek közül biztosan 3 tekinthető adventívnek. 2019 őszén a szubtrópusi-trópusi elterjedésű C. odoratus kis állo­mánya került elő a Duna alsó szakaszán, Foktő mellől. A faj virágzó példányai viszonylag késő ősszel bukkantak fel egy Duna-mellékág szárazra került szegélyében, kifejlődött, ártéri ruderális növényzet­ből. A Föld trópusi, szubtrópusi régióiban elterjedt faj már az 1950-es években megjelent Európában, és leginkább Olaszország és Spanyolország egyes folyói mentén terjedt el. A Duna mentén az 1990-es évek elején jelezték Romániából, később a folyam felsőbb szakaszán is elterjedt Bulgáriában, Horvátor­szágban és Szerbiában. Hazánkba is valószínűleg a folyam közvetítésével jutott el. A külföldi tapasztala­tok alapján várhatóan a hazai Duna szakaszon is stabilan meg fog telepedni, de remélhetőleg nem fog inváziós fajjá válni.
Discerning the essence and mission of the church in the midst of COVID-19
Authors: Tettey Smith Francis Korbla , Nel Malan
Published: September 2021

This article reflects on how the COVID-19 pandemic gives the church an opportunity to reconsider what the centre of God’s mission is for the congregation. It will engage on the implications of its reflections for public practical theology and congregational development. Spurred by an electronic opinion poll carried out by the author on six focus groups on WhatsApp platforms, averaging 200 participants each, during the lockdown days in Ghana, the question was put, “What one thing do you miss about church during the lock down period?” Majority of respondents mentioned communal fellowship (Konoinia) as the most missed aspect of congregational life. This article reflects on suggestions engendered by this observation and how it helps congregations to discern what makes them relevant to their members. Thus, helping congregations to envision the future, invoke dreams of a new creation where a return to normality will birth a world in which the church would take a new shape, presenting a fresh sense of missional community able to bring God to the people of our day.
Enzymatic degradation and fermentation of Corn Bran for Bioethanol production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AU4738 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Co-culture technique
Authors: OSHO Michael
Published: September 2021

Ethanol is one of the bioenergy sources with low environmental and high efficiency impact. The aim of this study was to screen for the bacterial isolate capable of degrading starch, investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of corn bran through submerged fermentation using co-culture technique for bioethanol production. The isolate was identified using 16S rRNA sequence technique as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AU4738. Corn bran was used as substrates with and without garlic powder (Allium sativum L.) as activator and subsequently optimized for production of bioethanol. Reducing sugar from the hydrolysate and ethanol concentration of the distillate were analyzed using spectrophotometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry techniques respectively. There was an increase in glucose concentration (23.8% and 17.8%) in the culture medium with and without activator at 48 h respectively but steadily decreased from 72 h to 168 h. Maximum ethanol concentration obtained in substrate culture with activator was 35% higher compared with that without activator at 120 h fermentation time. Thus a cheap, renewable and readily available agricultural waste has been effectively utilized as substrate for bioethanol production and incorporation of activator also had significant effect on the viability of fermenting organisms thus subjugating the intolerance of alcohol concentration.
New extension of beta, Gauss and confluent hypergeometric functions
Authors: ABUBAKAR Umar Muhammad , KAURANGİNİ Muhammad Lawan
Published: September 2021

There are many extensions and generalizations of Gamma and Beta functions in the literature. However, a new extension of the extended Beta function B_(ζ〖, α〗_1)^(α_2;〖 m〗_1,〖 m〗_2 ) (a_1,a_2 ) was introduced and presented here because of its important properties. The new extended Beta function has symmetric property, integral representations, Mellin transform, inverse Mellin transform and statistical properties like Beta distribution, mean, variance, moment and cumulative distribution which ware also presented. Finally, the new extended Gauss and Confluent Hypergeometric functions with their propertied were introduced and presented.