bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Headache in the pathological process in the neck
Authors: Svyrydova N. К. , Fiedash-Kirsanov A. A. , Kucheyeva I. S. , Svystun V. Y.
Published: March 2019

Despite the fact that headache is one of the most common complaints of patients encountered in everyday clinical practice, this symptom does not provide adequate diagnostic value. The main difficulty is the study of headache need long history collection, inability to detailed questioning of the patient, sometimes because of a severe headache, typical headache when combined it with other painful phenomena, often secondary reflex origin (muscle spasms, vasomotor disorders, etc.). Effective headache treatment is possible only on condition designation measures to eliminate the cause of headaches or influence the mechanism of their development.
Clinical and neurophysiological assessment of cognitive functions during the treatment of patients with chronic brain ischemia
Authors: Chebotariova L. L. , Chervich G. K. , Suliy L. N.
Published: March 2019

Purpose. To develop the optimal combination of methods of neuropsychological and neurophysiological diagnosis for objectification of cognitive function in patients with chronic brain ischemia, the reasoning of differentiated selection of criterias for complex treatment that includes medication and non-pharmacological methods for patient’s recovery and professional adaptations. Materials and methods. 30 patients were examined. To all of them was conducted clinical and neurological examination, MRI, neuropsychological testing using a scale (HADS, MoCA, professional maladjustment, MBІ), ultrasound of head and neck vessels, electroencephalography (EEG) with mapping, registration of cognitive auditory evoked potentials (CEP) P300. Results. The most pronounced changes were registered in units of optical-spatial perception (30%), math skills (23%), short-term memory (30%), (p <0,05). In 70% of cases- registered professional maladjustment symptoms (p <0,05). Patients of the I-st group with hypertensive changes at the main arteries of the head and neck (according to ultrasound) marked a significant change in the parameters of the CEP: 85% decrease in an amplitude and increase in latency of P300 peak, reduction of the amplitude of the peak N2; in 66% of cases was reduced only peak amplitude N2. Was determined the relationship between the results of the neuropsychological and neurophysiological methods and cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic brain ischemia. Conclusion. There was developed a complex method of comprehensive neurophysiological (NP) and neuropsychological (NP) testing of the cognitive functions tha provides an objective evaluation of pathological changes in mnestical/intellectual capabilities of the patient, such as attention, memory, professional adaptation in patients with chronic brain ischemia.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK STOMATA PADA DAUN TANAMAN BAMBU REJEKI (Dracaena reflexa) SEBAGAI TANAMAN HIAS PENYERAP POLUSI DI KAWASAN KOTA MALANG
Authors: Juma’ani Juma’ani , Munawwaroh Anita
Published: March 2019

Air pollution is changes of air arrangement from its normal state that is caused by the ingress of foreign materials or substances in the air. The resulting pollutants include SO2, NO2, CO2, O3, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals such as lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd). The impact of plant’s vehicle exhaust gas is seen from the leaf mesophyll damage especially in the palisade tissue and the reduced number of stomata. Responding to the problem, conducted research with the aim to know the influence of pollution on the amount of stomata on the plant bamboo rejeki (Dracaena reflexa) as ornamental plants absorb pollution in the area of Malang city using the method of polishing the acne (aceton). The results showed that the number of stomata in polluted areas of vehicle pollution decreased at each point compared to areas not polluted by vehicles. In the contaminated area the average number of stomata is at point one 49, the second point 42.5, and the third point 37, whereas in the area that is not contaminated with the average number of stomata at point one 60.5, the second point is 68, and the point three is 70,5. Damage or Decrease in the number of stomata occurs due to the entry of gas that is toxic through stomata with diffusion process, so that the liquid composition of the cell becomes disturbed and the cell becomes damaged and dead.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ACTIVE LEARNING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA FLIP CHART UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI IPA SMA NEGERI 1 TANJUNG BUNGA PADA MATERI SISTEM ORGAN
Authors: Liwun Adrianus Motong , Setiawan Dwi Candra
Published: March 2019

Learning should be centered on the students centered this is in accordance with the demands of Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP). Learning in schools today is still conventional, which is teacher centered so that less reflects a meaningful learning for learners. Implementation of active learning model using flip chart media is expected to improve understanding of students' concept of class XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Bunga on organ system material. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) consisting of two cycles. Population in this research is all student of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Bunga with sample is student of class XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Bunga. Improved understanding of learners' concepts can be measured using tests. The success of active learning model using flip chart media is seen through comparison between cycle I with cycle II. Based on the result of cycle I with cycle II, the percentage of concept improvement is 1.06%, the result can be obtained through division of the second cycle gain divided by the acquisition of cycle I (80.95%: 76.19%). From these results it can be concluded that by applying the learning model of active learning by using the medi flip chart can improve understanding of the concept of learners.
OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI ENZIM KITINASE PADA ISOLAT JAMUR KITINOLITIK DARI SAMPEL TANAH RIZOSFER
Authors: Corneliyawati Eka , Massora Massora , Khikmah Khikmah , Arifin As’ad Syamsul
Published: March 2019

The rhizosphere is the zone of soil surrounding a plant root where plant roots, soil and the soil biota interact with each other. Chitinolytic fungi has been effectively used in biological control agens. The chitinase activity causes lysis of the fungi cell wall pathogen. The aim of the research was to find optimization of activity chitinase enzyme from rhizosphere soil was conducted in vitro. Optimal growth chitinase production for TKR3 fungi isolate were concentration of chitin 0,2% (b/v), pH 5,5, temperature 30ºC, agitation 150 rpm and incubation time at four days. The optimum yield of chitinase production is influenced by fungal species and environmental conditions.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL INTERAKTIF BERBASIS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE DENGAN AUTOPLAY PADA KONSEP PERUBAHAN MATERI GENETIK DI IKIP BUDI UTOMO MALANG
Authors: Nisa Khoirun , Setiawan Deny
Published: March 2019

Technology-based learning needs to be done immediately in order to carry out more interested in learning and fostering student motivation. Furthermore, learning should be done byeach student characteristics.One of which is multiple intelligences based learning. Through the application of multiple intelligence assisted technology based learning, it is expected that the learning objectives will be more easily achieved by students. Interactive module based on multiple intelligences that has been validated was the product of this research and developmental experiment. This research was limited to the Changes of Genetic Material taught at the Genetics Course at IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. Research and development model was carried out by 4D model from Thiagarajan. This research phase includes define, design, design, and disseminate stages. The research data is obtained from the module validation score, both from material experts, media experts, and practitioners (students). The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the results of the validation of media experts, material experts and small-scale trials, it is known that the percentage results are above 85%, so the product is declared valid. Furthermore, it is necessary to test the classical scale to find out its effectiveness in learning.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL GROUP INVESTIGATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMP
Authors: Anggis Eka Vasia
Published: March 2019

Group Investigation model is one of cooperatif metode that can grows critical student from directly experience. Based on observation in fSMP 1 Indramayu 2016 were 40% the group was less colaboration, 60% evidences was less, 65% students weren’t connected problems each other, 55%  decision hadn’t most alternative problem solving to be collected. This aim research to descript  critical thingking used group investigation model. Research metode qualititave descriptive, Research parameter is critical skill student and these indicator were problem indentifiy, argument analize, definition, finding source, observasion and result, mind based consideration ability integration to  defend decision. Instrument research was quisioner. Result study from quisioner  were 78% was good, 71% was enough. Conclusion was critical thinking skill can be used in group investigation model.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA MELALUI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK KELAS IV SDN NGUTER 02 LUMAJANG
Authors: Setyawan Trinovandhi
Published: March 2019

Buku ajar merupakan buku yang diajarkan atau digunakan sebagai buku pelajaran dalam bidang studi tertentu, yang merupakan buku standar yang disusun oleh pakar dalam bidangnya, untuk maksud-maksud dan tujuan intruksional, yang dilengkapi dengan sarana-sarana pelajaran yang serasi dan mudah dipahami oleh para pemakainya disekolah-sekolah dan perguruan tinggi sehingga dapat menunjang suatu program pengajaran. Pendekatan saintifik adalah pembelajaran yang menekankan kepada suatu proses ilmiah. Pendekatan saintifik diyakini sebagai titian emas dalam perkembangan berfikir yang meliputi kemampuan psikomotor, kemampuan kognitif, dan kemampuan afektif. Langkah -langkah pembelajaran saintifik terdiri dari lima pokok pengalaman belajar seperti; (1) mengamati, (2) menanya, (3) mengumpulkan informasi, (4) mengasosiasikan dan (5) mengkomunikasikan/ menyimpulkan. Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini adalah mengembangkan buku ajar pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga melalui pendekatan saintifik pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Nguter 02 Semester II Pasirian Kabupaten Lumajang pada Tahun pelajaran 2014/ 2015. Model pengembangan buku ajar ini menggunakan model pengembangan Sugiono Tahun 2010. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data sebagai berikut ; (1) Data dari Ahli pembelajaran dieproleh rata-rata 78,33 %, (2) Evaluasi untuk Ahli media di peroleh rata-rata 81,33 %, (3) Evaluasi Ahli bahasa di peroleh rata-rata 81,67 %, sedangkan untuk uji kelompok kecil ( tahap I ) diperoleh hasil 81,25 %, uji kelompok besar ( tahap II ) diperoleh rata-rata 82,72 %. Pengembangan produk buku ajar ini belum sampai pada penelitian uji efektifitas, untuk itu perlu di adakan lagi sebuah penelitian tentang efektifitas prosuk buku ajar ini yang telah dikembangkan
KELAYAKAN USAHA INDUSTRI IKAN PINDANG SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Damayanti Herna Octivia
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHBoiled fish is quite popular in Pati Regency. The purpose of this study is to conduct economic analysis of industrial fish boiled in household scale in Pati Regency. The study was conducted in Banyutowo village, Dukuhseti Sub district and Dukutalit village, Juwana Sub district on October 2015. The research method is descriptive quantitative. The primary data were obtained by interviews with boiled fish employers of household scale. While secondary data were derived from relevant documents from marine and fisheries agency of Pati regency. Sampling method was purposive sampling. Respondents were boiled fish employers of household scale. Data were analyzed using analysis of financial feasibility comprising: NPV, R/C ratio, IRR and PP. Results of the research show that: 1) NPV is Rp527,580,791 which means investing for boiled fish industry of household scale in Pati Regency acceptable; 2) The ratio R/C is 1.24 which means feasible to be run and developed; 3) The IRR is 5.11 meaning IRR > relevant interest rate (4.14%), so the investment is profitable; 4) PP is 4.8 years or 4 years and 10 months, including the category of medium refund. INDONESIABentuk olahan hasil perikanan laut yang cukup populer di Kabupaten Pati adalah ikan pindang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan analisis ekonomi terhadap industri ikan pindang dengan skala rumah tangga di Kabupaten Pati. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan dilaksanakan bulan Oktober 2015. Sumber data berupa data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara dengan pengusaha ikan pindang skala rumah tangga. Sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari dokumen relevan Dislautkan Kab. Pati. Pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Responden merupakan pengusaha ikan pindang skala rumah tangga. Lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Banyutowo Kecamatan Dukuhseti dan Desa Dukutalit Kecamatan Juwana. Analisis data dengan analisis finansial kelayakan usaha yang terdiri dari: NPV, Rasio R / C, IRR dan PP. Hasil Penelitian yaitu NPV adalah Rp527.580.791 berarti investasi untuk industri ikan pindang skala rumah tangga di Kabupaten Pati dapat diterima. Rasio R / C yaitu 1,24 artinya layak untuk dijalankan dan dikembangkan. IRR yang dihasilkan adalah 5,11 artinya IRR > tingkat bunga relevan yaitu 5,11% > 4,14% sehingga investasi dikatakan menguntungkan. PP yang dihasilkan adalah 4,8 tahun atau 4 tahun 10 bulan termasuk kategori pengembalian sedang.
FENOMENA KEKERASAN DI SEKOLAH (SCHOOL BULLYING) PADA REMAJA DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Aini Siti Qorrotu
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHThe increase of child abuse in Pati Regency quite alarming. The aims of this study were to describe of bullying activity on student and describes form of bullying in junior high school (SMP) students in Pati Regency from the perspective of victims and bullies. The research method is a descriptive quantitative. The population are SMP students in Pati Regency in total 31,012 students. The number of respondent (sampling size) is 395 students from 21 SMP. The sampling method uses proportional area random sampling. This study was conducted from June to October 2015. Data are analyzed by descriptive. The results showed that 58.2% of the total respondents had experienced bullying. Students who experience bullying are grouped into three categories: 1) Bullies; 2) The victim; and 3) The bullies and victim. The last category has a dominant percentage (53.8%) compared to other categories. From the victim's viewpoint, the most widely form of bullying was verbal bullying (29.3%). However, 43.4% of victims feel that bullying was common. The majority of bullies was classmate (58.6%) and the bullying activity was mostly occured in classroom (84.3%). From bullies’s viewpoint, the most practiced form of bullying was verbal bullying 44.2%. Most bullies fell guilty (37.3%) while most of their victims were classmates (77.5%). Furthermore, the main reason to bully was fun (58.7%) and it was done in classroom (87.5%). INDONESIAPeningkatan angka kekerasan anak di Kabupaten Pati cukup memprihatinkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan perilaku bullying pada siswa SMP dan menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk bullying pada siswa SMP di Kabupaten Pati dari sudut pandang korban maupun pelaku. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa siswi Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) di Kabupaten Pati yang berjumlah 31.012. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 395 siswa dari 21 SMP yang bersedia menjadi responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proporsional area random sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2015. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 58,2% dari total responden pernah mengalami perilaku bullying. Siswa yang mengalami bullying terbagi dalam 3 peran yaitu pelaku, korban dan pelaku sekaligus korban dengan persentase yang mendominasi yaitu 52,8%. Berdasarkan sudut pandang korban, bentuk bullying paling banyak dialami adalah bullying verbal 29,3%. Korban menganggap bullying yang diterima adalah hal yang biasa (43,4%), namun banyak juga yang merasa sedih (30,3%). Pelaku paling dominan adalah teman seangkatan sebanyak 58,6%. Tempat terjadinya bullying sebagian besar adalah di kelas (84,3%). Berdasarkan sudut pandang pelaku, bentuk paling banyak dilakukan kepada korban adalah bullying verbal 44,2%. Sebagian pelaku bullying merasa menyesal (37,3%), sasaran paling banyak adalah teman seangkatan (77,5%). 58,7% pelaku bullying mengungkapkan alasan perilaku adalah iseng, bullying sebagian besar dilakukan di kelas (87,5%).
EKSISTENSI DAN UPAYA MEREDUKSI PENGANGGURAN DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Suroso Suroso
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHUnemployment is a crucial problem in the development because it can triger other social problems. The objective of this study is to analyze existing and effort to reduce the unemployment in Pati regency. The research uses descriptive-quantitative approach. The data consist of secondary data. Data collecting is conducted by using observation. The analysis uses descriptive one. There are three main findings in the research. Firstly,Unemployment is caused by many determinant factors. Secondly, the rate of unemployment based on productive age is 8,62% in the study area. Thirdly, the rate of unemployment based on head-household is 2,08% in the study area. To reduce unemployment, it is better for the local government to conduct the efforts which are relevant to the local contexts including the demand for labour, the supply of labor and the optimalization of sub-district role in community empowerment. INDONESIAPenganggguran merupakan masalah serius dalam pembangunan karena pengangguran dapat memicu permasalahan sosial lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis eksistensi dan upaya pengurangan pengangguran di Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Data penelitian menggunakan data skunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Ada 3 temuan utama dalam studi ini. Pertama, pengangguran disebabkan berbagai faktor determinan. Kedua, tingkat pengangguran berdasarkan usia produktif sebesar 8,62% di Kabupaten Pati. Ketiga, tingkat pengangguran berdasarkan kepala keluarga (KK) sebesar 2,08% di Kabupaten Pati. Guna mereduksi pengngguran, pemerintah daerah sebaiknya melakukkan upaya yang sesuai dengan konteks lokal meliputi permintaan tenaga kerja, penyediaan tenaga kerja dan optimalisasi peran desa dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat.
MEMOTIVASI PETANI DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PADI ORGANIK DI KECAMATAN SUKOLILO KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHThe essence of organic farming is ‘back to the nature’. This paper aims to identify the farmers’ motivation and the management strategy of organic rice in Sukolilo Subdistrict Pati District. This paper concludes: 1) the growth of farmers’ motivation to cultivatethe land with organic farming needs the strengthening. The positive reinforcement might change the behaviour continuously;2) The development of organic farming systems in Sukolilo Subdistrict Pati Regency generally dependson the government's policy framework on agriculture. Therefore, the organic rice development programmust have the vision to strengthen of Indonesian agriculture. Moreover, it should be environment-based as the basic for national independency in the free-market era. The mission should be able to developthe farmer’s bargaining position in the development of agricultural program through a community-based approach, so that the development of the agricultural sector is able to meet the international market demand throughdirected, controlled and sustained program planning. INDONESIAPada hakekatnya pertanian organik adalah back to nature. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi motivasi petani dan strategi pengembangan tanaman padi organik di Kecamatan Sukolilo Kabupaten Pati. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan: 1) Tumbuhnya motivasi petani dalam mengelola lahan dengan sistem pertanian organik perlu diberikan penguatan. Dengan penguatan atau rangsangan yang positif, petani akan mengubah perilaku secara kontinyu atau terus menerus. 2) Kegiatan pengembangan sistem pertanian organik di Kecamatan Sukolilo Kabupaten Pati secara umum tidak terlepas dari kerangka kebijakan pemerintah pada sektor pertanian. Oleh karena itu kegiatan pengembangan padi organik harus memiliki visi membangun kekuatan pertanian Indonesia, berwawasan lingkungan sebagai basis kemandirian bangsa menghadapi era pasar bebas. Misi yang diemban juga hendaknya mampu membangun posisi tawar masyarakat tani dalam pengembangan kegiatan pertanian melalui pendekatan berbasis masyarakat, sehingga pengembangan sektor pertanian mampu memenuhi keinginan pasar internasional, dalam perencanaan program yang terarah, terkendali dan berkelanjutan.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN JAMINAN KESEHATAN BAGI MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Suroso Suroso
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHHealth insurance payment for the poor is mandated in Indonesian laws. The objectives of the research is to analyze coverage and distribution of health insurance payment for the poor. This research uses descriptive-quantitative approach. There are two variables in the research: (1) coverage of health insurance payment for the poor; and (2) distribution of health insurance payment. Data collecting is conducted by observing documents and interviews. The data analysis uses descriptive and correlative one. This research has thee main findings. Firstly, the coverage of health insurance payment for the poor in Pati Regency has ratio coverage 1.95 (195%), fulfilling for adequacy. Secondly, there is a gap among districts for the coverage of health insurance payment for the poor in which the biggest ratio coverage 3.01 (301%) and the smallest ratio coverage 0.90 (90%). Thirdly, distribution equity of health insurance payment is relatively poor which is shown by Spearman Rank Correlation having Rho value 0.226 less than Rho table value (0.439). It means that there is no correlation between the needs of health insurance payments for the poor and the recievers of health insurance payments for each district. INDONESIABantuan iuran jaminan kesehatan merupakan amanat perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisa cakupan dan distribusi bantuan iuran jaminan kesehatan bagi penduduk miskin di Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kuantitatif. Ada 2 variabel dalam penelitian: (1) coverage bantuan iuran jaminan kesehatan bagi penduduk miskin ;dan (2) distribusi penerima bantuan iuran (PBI) jaminan kesehatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi dokumen dan wawancara. Analisa data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan korelatif. Penelitian ini memiliki 3 temuan. Pertama, coverage bantuan iuran jaminan kesehatan bagi penduduk miskin di Kabupaten Pati memenuhi batas kecukupan minimal dengan status ratio coverage 1,95 (195%). Kedua, coverage bantuan iuran jaminan kesehatan anatar kawasan mengalami timpangan dengan ratio coverage terbesar 3,01 (301%) dan ratio coverage terkecil 0,90 (90%). Ketiga, keadilan distribusi bantuan iuran jaminan kesehatan relatif kurang baik yang ditunjukkan uji statistik Spearman Rank Correlation dengan nilai Rho hitung (0,226) lebih kecil dari nilai Rho tabel (0,439) yang berarti tidak ada kesesuaian antara tingkat kebutuhan bantuan iuran jaminan kesehatan bagi penduduk miskin dengan penerima bantuan iuran (PBI) jaminan kesehatan.
PENINGKATAN AKTIFITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR GEOGRAFI MATERI LITOSFER MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENS (TGT) DI SMAN 3 PATI
Authors: Ismirahayu Yayuk
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHPre-test results of the lithospheric material geography class X IPS (social science) 3 SMAN 3 Pati semester 2 year 2015/2016 have achievement of the students still low. The research aims to : (1) improve the learning activities through the application of Teams Games Tournaments models class X IPS 3 SMAN 3 Pati semester 2 year 2015/2016, (2) improve the learning outcomes through the application of Teams Games Tournaments models class X IPS 3 SMAN 3 Pati semester 2 year 2015/2016. The Class Action Research was conducted with cycles I and II. Implementation of the action in the first cycle and II include : Planning, Acting, Observing, and Reflecting. The research result are (1) learning activity at linitial condition was low 78% and medium 22%, student activity cycle I was low 22%, medium 56%, high 22%, cycle II student activity was 56%, and high 44%. (2) Learning outcomes showed improvement from the initial condition of the completeness of 5 students (14%), cycle II of the completeness of 22 students (61%) and cycle II of the completeness of 36 students (100%). From the initial condition to the treatment of action cycle I there was an increase of 47% and from cycle I to cycle II there was an increase of 53%. INDONESIAPretes hasil belajar Geografi materi Litosfer kelas X IPS 3 semester 2 SMAN 3 Pati tahun 2015/2016 memiliki keaktifan belajar siswa masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian : (1) untuk meningkatkan aktifitas belajar melalui penerapan pembelajaran Model Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) siswa kelas X IPS 3 SMAN 3 Pati tahun pelajaran 2015/2016; (2) untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar melalui penerapan pembelajaran Model Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) siswa kelas X IPS 3 SMAN 3 Pati tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Action Research) ini dilaksanakan dengan siklus I dan II. Pelaksanaan tindakan pada siklus I dan II meliputi : Perencanaan (Planning), Pelaksanaan (Acting), Observasi (Observing), dan Refleksi (Reflecting). Hasil penelitian yaitu (1) keaktifan belajar pada kondisi awal rendah 78% dan sedang 22%, siklus I keaktifan siswa rendah 22%, sedang 56%, tinggi 22%, siklus II keaktifan siswa sedang 56%, dan tinggi 44%. (2) Hasil belajar siswa menunjukkan peningkatan dari kondisi awal ketuntasan 5 siswa (14%), siklus I ketuntasan 22 siswa (61%) dan siklus II ketuntasan 36 siswa (100%). Dari kondisi awal ke perlakuan tindakan siklus I ada kenaikan sebesar 47% dan dari siklus I ke siklus II ada kenaikan sebesar 53%.
Effect of Agricultural Exploitation on the Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase and Its Kinetic Properties in Some Soils
Authors: Salih Jabbar Al-Taweel Luma , Abedulkadhim Alwan Al- Jubouri Gaith
Published: March 2019

In order to study the role of agricultural exploitation in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the province of Diwaniyah, six sites that differ in some of their chemical, physical and biological properties were selected (Diwaniyah, Sunniya, Shamiya, Daghara, Afak and Al Budair). Three types of soils were chosen in each location, namely, orchard soil, field soil and jungle soil. The kinetic parameters of the enzymes maximum velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km) were estimated in all study soils using increasing concentrations of the controlled substance. The results present that the highest efficacy of this enzyme is in the orchard soil of all sites except the location of the center Diwaniyah and Shamia. The average efficacy values ranged between (208.11 - 234.95) μg P-Nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. The highest value of maximum velocity (Vmax) recorded at the field soil of Al-Shamia site (108.57) μg P-Nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. The lowest value recorded at the soil of a jungle field at the Sunniya location (49.62) μg P-nitro phenol. g-1 soil. 1 hour-1. While the orchard soil of Al-Budair had the highest value of the Michaelis constant (Km) of (85.90) mM, the orchard soil of the Sunniya location had the lowest value (24.34) mM.
Estimation of Some Genetic Parameters and Correlation in the Varieties of Bread Wheat under the Conditions of AL-Diwaniyah
Authors: Jabbar M.Al maliky Reyadh , Kadham mseer Ayed
Published: March 2019

A field experiment was carried out in the fields of one of the farmers in AL Diwaniyah Governorate for the winter season 2015/2016 using nine varieties of wheat bread (Tamoze 1, Tamoze 2, , Maksebak, Sabah, Eba 95, Latifia, Eba 99, Abu Ghraib and Sham 6). RCBD Used design with three replicate in order to estimation of some genetic parameters and correlation of bread wheat varieties under the experiment Diwaniyah to determine the most effect characters on yield that can be used as guide to select and improve the yield . an account Genetic and phenotypic variation , correlation coefficient, inheritance ratio in broad and narrow Expected genetic improvement ratio for character hight plant , number of Branches , spike length , number of grains spike ,weight of 1000 and yield ..The results showed that there were significant differences between the cultivars, with the superiority of the Eba 99 by giving the highest rate of 1043.3 kg / dunum between the varieties. There were significant differences between the studied characters Abu99 the superiority in number of branches , length of spick , number of the seed spick and ,weight of 1000 grin their average ( 11.33, 12.0, 66.3 and 47.3 gram, respectively), which were positively reflected in grain yield.The genetic, environmental and morphological differences of the studied character were significant and the values of the genetic and phenotypic factors were correlated to most traits and inheritance in the broad sense higher (0.592 - 0.728)As an average percentage medal of most traits, but genetic and phenotypic correlation were significant in the desired direction of most yield and therefore yield can be considered as an electoral tool in breeding and plant improvement programs.
SVEA-metoden, ett framgångsrikt tematiskt lärande med en klar helhetssyn
Authors: Dahl Bia
Published: March 2019

Elever måste kunna hantera en verklighet i snabb förändring med rask teknikutveckling. Skolan bör förbereda dem på en globaliserad värld. Det gäller att skapa så bra förutsättningar som möjligt för lärandet. Men det saknas ofta en helhetssyn i skolan, skriver Bia Dahl. En lösning är att tänka tematiskt, när man organiserar innehållet, planerar undervisningen och arrangerar lärandemiljön, menar hon.
Current Situation and Sustainable Development of Rice Cultivation and Production in Afghanistan
Authors: Kakar Kifayatullah , Xuan Tran Dang , Haqani Mohammad Ismael , Rayee Ramin , Wafa Imran Khan , Abdiani Saidajan , Tran Hoang-Dung
Published: March 2019

Poverty is a critical issue that is stagnating the development of Afghanistan. In 2007, more than 42% of the population of the country was reported as being below the poverty line, but until 2014, 78.2% of households even in the urban areas were still dealing with food shortages. The agriculture sector is the backbone of the country’s economy and contributes as the key sector to the revival of the well-being of people in Afghanistan. Rice is the second staple crop after wheat and plays a key role in food security, nutrition, and caloric intake. However, Afghan farmers have suffered from the low quality of grains and yield which has resulted in the serious malnutrition which is occurring in the country. Insufficient breeding techniques for new rice cultivars with high yield and acceptable quality, mismanagement of agronomical practices, and unprogressive milling and processing thus can satisfy only 50% of the country’s demand. Accordingly, Afghanistan has been compelled to import a huge annual amount of milled rice from Pakistan, India, and Iran. Although active efforts have been made by the government, research institutes, and international collaboration on rice research, production, and agricultural credits during the last 10 years, the deficit of milled rice in Afghanistan in 2018 is estimated to be 270,250 metric tons. This paper highlights the current situation of rice production in Afghanistan and suggests solutions for food security and sustainability in rice production to promote farmers’ income, consequently strengthening the country’s economy.
Harnessing Soil Microbes to Improve Plant Phosphate Efficiency in Cropping Systems
Authors: Kafle Arjun , Cope Kevin R. , Raths Rachel , Krishna Yakha Jaya , Subramanian Senthil , Bücking Heike , Garcia Kevin
Published: March 2019

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development. It is central to many biological processes, including nucleic acid synthesis, respiration, and enzymatic activity. However, the strong adsorption of phosphorus by minerals in the soil decreases its availability to plants, thus reducing the productivity of agricultural and forestry ecosystems. This has resulted in a complete dependence on non-renewable chemical fertilizers that are environmentally damaging. Alternative strategies must be identified and implemented to help crops acquire phosphorus more sustainably. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding and utilization of soil microbes to both solubilize inorganic phosphate from insoluble forms and allocate it directly to crop plants. Specifically, we focus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Each of these play a major role in natural and agroecosystems, and their use as bioinoculants is an increasing trend in agricultural practices.
Highly Controlled Integration of Graphene Oxide into PAN Nanofiber Membranes
Authors: Hou Jian , Yun Jaehan , Kim Sungyul , Byun Hongsik
Published: March 2019

A highly improved strategy is established in order to systematically integrate excess exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) as fillers into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers via electrospinning. Simple modification of GO surface allowed for their loading efficiency into the nanofibers to surpass the typical limits. Among many features, the hydrophilic and mechanical properties of these membranes were found to be significantly increased compared to the original PAN and bare GO-loaded membranes probably due to the effective reinforcing filler effect caused by the even distribution of the modified GO within the PAN nanofibers. Thus, the simple surface modification of fillers can facilitate the capability of controlling the loading efficiency into electrospun nanofibers which can highly impact the quality and performance of final composite membranes.
Direct Delivery of Cas9-sgRNA Ribonucleoproteins into Cells Using a Nanoneedle Array
Authors: Yamagishi Ayana , Matsumoto Daisuke , Kato Yoshio , Honda Yuki , Morikawa Mone , Iwata Futoshi , Kobayashi Takeshi , Nakamura Chikashi
Published: March 2019

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is a powerful and widely used tool for genome editing. Recently, it was reported that direct delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) reduced off-target effects. Therefore, non-invasive, high-throughput methods are needed for direct delivery of RNPs into cells. Here, we report a novel method for direct delivery of RNPs into cells using a nanostructure with a high-aspect-ratio and uniform nanoneedles. This nanostructure is composed of tens of thousands of nanoneedles laid across a 2D array. Through insertion of the nanoneedle array previously adsorbed with Cas9-sgRNA, it was possible to deliver RNPs directly into mammalian cells for genome editing.
A Novel Approach to Reach Impedance Matching in Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Authors: Tao Xiong , Rong Cancan , Lu Conghui , Huang Xiutao , Zeng Yingqin , Hu Zhaoyang , Liu Minghai
Published: March 2019

Wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic resonant coupling technology, came into focus promptly by virtue of its long transfer distance, and its non-radiative and high-efficiency power transfer. The impedance matching has been studied in the literature in recent years. However, there is no suitable way to reach the optimum load in reality. In this paper, a new method is proposed to maximize the power transfer ability of a given pair of coupled coils. An analytical calculation of the mutual inductance is presented accurately with respect to the angled concentric multiple-turn printed spiral coils (PSC). In addition, the experimental results were in good agreement with the circuit simulation. Finally, a WPT experiment setup working at 3MHz resonance was established. The experiment results verified that the maximum transfer efficiency at fixed distances can be easily achieved by adjusting the angle to reach impedance matching. Compared to prior to optimization, the maximum improved efficiency was improved by 11%.
A Photon Blockade in a Coupled Cavity System Mediated by an Atom
Authors: Li Ming-Cui , Chen Ai-Xi
Published: March 2019

We investigate theoretically the photon statistics in a coupled cavity system mediated by a two-level atom. The system consists of a linear cavity weakly driven by a continuous laser, and a nonlinear cavity containing an atom inside. We find that there exists a photon blockade in the linear cavity for both parameter regimes where the coupling strength between the atom and the nonlinear cavity is greater (or less) than the dissipation rate of the linear cavity. We also extend our model by pumping the two cavities simultaneously and find that the conventional photon blockade is apparent in the linear cavity, whereas the unconventional photon blockade appears in the nonlinear cavity. These results show that our work has potential applications for a single photon source in a weakly nonlinear system.
Porous Titanium for Biomedical Applications: Evaluation of the Conventional Powder Metallurgy Frontier and Space-Holder Technique
Authors: Lascano Sheila , Arévalo Cristina , Montealegre-Melendez Isabel , Muñoz Sergio , Rodriguez-Ortiz José A. , Trueba Paloma , Torres Yadir
Published: March 2019

Titanium and its alloys are reference materials in biomedical applications because of their desirable properties. However, one of the most important concerns in long-term prostheses is bone resorption as a result of the stress-shielding phenomena. Development of porous titanium for implants with a low Young’s modulus has accomplished increasing scientific and technological attention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the viability, industrial implementation and potential technology transfer of different powder-metallurgy techniques to obtain porous titanium with stiffness values similar to that exhibited by cortical bone. Porous samples of commercial pure titanium grade-4 were obtained by following both conventional powder metallurgy (PM) and space-holder technique. The conventional PM frontier (Loose-Sintering) was evaluated. Additionally, the technical feasibility of two different space holders (NH4HCO3 and NaCl) was investigated. The microstructural and mechanical properties were assessed. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of titanium porous structures with porosities of 40% were studied by Finite Element Method (FEM) and compared with the experimental results. Some important findings are: (i) the optimal parameters for processing routes used to obtain low Young’s modulus values, retaining suitable mechanical strength; (ii) better mechanical response was obtained by using NH4HCO3 as space holder; and (iii) Ti matrix hardening when the interconnected porosity was 36–45% of total porosity. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the PM techniques employed, towards an industrial implementation, were discussed.
Bandwidth and BER Improvement Employing a Pre-Equalization Circuit with White LED Arrays in a MISO VLC System
Authors: Khadr Monette H. , Abd El Aziz Ahmed , Fayed Heba A. , Aly Moustafa
Published: March 2019

This paper aims to extend the limited bandwidth of phosphorescent white LEDs for a multiple-input single-output (MISO) visible light communication (VLC) system. A proposed LED arrangement model is presented, resulting in improved results as compared to those previously discussed in the literature. In this paper, the impact of the receiver field of view (FOV) angle, the LED transmission angle, and the number of LED arrays used on the transmission are studied at different speeds. The system performance is measured by the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the corresponding bit error rate (BER) at different data rates. The obtained results show that the proposed model is able to improve the illumination uniformity across the room with a higher SNR using the same number of LEDs in the investigated indoor environment. The paper also introduces a pre-equalization circuit in the transmitter end in order to extend the limited bandwidth of the used white LEDs. This bandwidth extension using the proposed circuit results in an increased data rate with the aid of a blue filter. A number of experiments are executed to optimize the key parameters for maximum bandwidth enhancement. The proposed circuit offers 28% bandwidth enhancement over the most recent study in this area while eradicating the BER at 200 Mb/s when compared to un-equalized LED circuits.
An Exfoliated Graphite-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor on a Dendrimer/Carbon Nanodot Platform for the Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cancer Biomarker
Authors: Idris Azeez O. , Mabuba Nonhlangabezo , Arotiba Omotayo A.
Published: March 2019

An electrochemical immunosensor for the quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using a nanocomposite of polypropylene imine dendrimer (PPI) and carbon nanodots (CNDTs) on an exfoliated graphite electrode (EG) is reported. The carbon nanodots were prepared by pyrolysis of oats. The nanocomposites (PPI and CNDTs) were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proposed immunosensor was prepared on an exfoliated graphite electrode sequentially by drop coating CNDTs, the electrodeposition of G2-PPI (generation 2 poly (propylene imine) dendrimer), the immobilization of anti-CEA on the modified electrode for 80 min at 35 °C, and dropping of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to minimize non-specific binding sites. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize each stage of the fabrication of the immunosensor. The proposed immunosensor detected CEA within a concentration range of 0.005 to 300 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.00145 ng/mL by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The immunosensor displayed good stability and was also selective in the presence of some interference species such as ascorbic acid, glucose, alpha-fetoprotein, prostate-specific antigen and human immunoglobulin. Furthermore, the fabricated immunosensor was applied in the quantification of CEA in a human serum sample, indicating its potential for real sample analysis.
Expanding the Role of the Histone Lysine-Specific Demethylase LSD1 in Cancer
Authors: Majello Barbara , Gorini Francesca , Saccà Carmen Daniela , Amente Stefano
Published: March 2019

Studies of alterations in histone methylation in cancer have led to the identification of histone methyltransferases and demethylases as novel targets for therapy. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, also known as KDM1A), demethylates H3K4me1/2, or H3K9me1/2 in a context-dependent manner. In addition to the well-studied role of LSD1 in the epigenetic regulation of histone methylation changes, LSD1 regulates the methylation dynamic of several non-histone proteins and participates in the assembly of different long noncoding RNA (lncRNA_ complexes. LSD1 is highly expressed in various cancers, playing a pivotal role in different cancer-related processes. Here, we summarized recent findings on the role of LSD1 in the regulation of different biological processes in cancer cells through dynamic methylation of non-histone proteins and physical association with dedicated lncRNA.
Role of miRNAs in Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: Gajos-Michniewicz Anna , Czyz Malgorzata
Published: March 2019

Tumour metastasis is a multistep process. Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer and metastasis accounts for the majority of patient deaths. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that affect the expression of their target genes. When aberrantly expressed they contribute to the development of melanoma. While miRNAs can act locally in the cell where they are synthesized, they can also influence the phenotype of neighboring melanoma cells or execute their function in the direct tumour microenvironment by modulating ECM (extracellular matrix) and the activity of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. miRNAs are involved in all stages of melanoma metastasis, including intravasation into the lumina of vessels, survival during circulation in cardiovascular or lymphatic systems, extravasation, and formation of the pre-metastatic niche in distant organs. miRNAs contribute to metabolic alterations that provide a selective advantage during melanoma progression. They play an important role in the development of drug resistance, including resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Distinct profiles of miRNA expression are detected at each step of melanoma development. Since miRNAs can be detected in liquid biopsies, they are considered biomarkers of early disease stages or response to treatment. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the role of miRNAs in melanoma metastasis.
Gene Regulation by Antitumor miR-204-5p in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The Clinical Significance of Direct RACGAP1 Regulation
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Idichi Tetsuya , Seki Naohiko , Wada Masumi , Yamada Yasutaka , Fukuhisa Haruhi , Toda Hiroko , Kita Yoshiaki , Kawasaki Yota , Tanoue Kiyonori , Kurahara Hiroshi , Mataki Yuko , Maemura Kosei , Natsugoe Shoji
Published: March 2019

Previously, we established a microRNA (miRNA) expression signature in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues using RNA sequencing and found significantly reduced expression of miR-204-5p. Here, we aimed to investigate the functional significance of miR-204-5p and to identify miR-204-5p target genes involved in PDAC pathogenesis. Cancer cell migration and invasion were significantly inhibited by ectopic expression of miR-204-5p in PDAC cells. Comprehensive gene expression analyses and in silico database searches revealed 25 putative targets regulated by miR-204-5p in PDAC cells. Among these target genes, high expression levels of RACGAP1, DHRS9, AP1S3, FOXC1, PRP11, RHBDL2 and MUC4 were significant predictors of a poor prognosis of patients with PDAC. In this study, we focused on RACGAP1 (Rac guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein 1) because its expression was most significantly predictive of PDAC pathogenesis (overall survival rate: p = 0.0000548; disease-free survival rate: p = 0.0014). Overexpression of RACGAP1 was detected in PDAC clinical specimens, and its expression enhanced the migration and invasion of PDAC cells. Moreover, downstream genes affected by RACGAP1 (e.g., MMP28, CEP55, CDK1, ANLN and S100A14) are involved in PDAC pathogenesis. Our strategy to identify antitumor miRNAs and their target genes will help elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of PDAC.
Correction: Hiroshi Sugano et al. Nafamostat Mesilate Enhances the Radiosensitivity and Reduces the Radiation-Induced Invasive Ability of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers 2018, 10, 386
Authors: Sugano Hiroshi , Shirai Yoshihiro , Horiuchi Takashi , Saito Nobuhiro , Shimada Yohta , Eto Ken , Uwagawa Tadashi , Ohashi Toya , Yanaga Katsuhiko
Published: March 2019

The authors would like to make a correction to their published paper [...]