bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder evolution: a study of stakeholder dynamics in 12 Norwegian projects
Authors: ElWakeel Omar , Andersen Bjorn
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of stakeholder dynamics and to show how stakeholders demonstrate their dynamic nature in the power/interest matrix. This, in turn, should assist project management and stakeholder management practitioners predict the behavior of different stakeholder groups in their projects, and strategize their stakeholder management approaches accordingly.

Design/methodology/approach

The findings in this paper are based on data collected from 12 diverse projects from five different business sectors executed in Norway by means of an online, closed-question questionnaire, which was analyzed using various statistical approaches.

Findings

Stakeholder dynamics is a contextual phenomenon, which takes different forms and shapes from one stakeholder group to the other, from one industry or business sector to the other, and even from one project to the other within the same industry or business sector. The stakeholder group of user(s) was the most dynamic in Norwegian projects based on their continuous repositioning on the power/interest matrix from one project phase to the other. Environmental activists/organizations were the least dynamic stakeholder group in the full sample of projects.

Originality/value

This paper presents the first more comprehensive empirically based findings about stakeholder dynamics in projects the authors have been able to find. The study gives project management practitioners insights from various industries and business sectors into how stakeholders change position over time. It also shows that the two attributes of power and interest are strongly connected and affect one another, which might make it possible to control and design a safer and less complex stakeholder environment for future projects.
Do HRD practices affect perceived market performance through operational performance? Evidence from software industry
Authors: Uraon Ram Shankar , Gupta Manish
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of human resource development (HRD) practices on perceived operational and market performances in the software companies in India, and also the mediating effect of operational performance in the relationship between HRD practices and market performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 516 professionals working in 37 software companies in India. Partial least square (PLS) was used to test the proposed structural equation model.

Findings

The findings reveal that the HRD practices significantly affect market performance. However, operational performance, as a mediator, was found to have a crucial role in transferring the effects of HRD practices to market performance.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study are in line with the theory of HRD which suggests a positive relationship between HRD and organizational performance.

Practical implications

The results suggest that to enhance the market performance, organizations need to enhance operational performance by meticulously designing and implementing the series of HRD practices.

Originality/value

This study is one of its kind to overcome the limitations of earlier studies to examine the effect of comprehensive dimensions of HRD on operational and market performance.
Modeling teachers’ quality of work life: a partial least square approach
Authors: Malik Muhammad Imran , Mehmood Hassan , Umrani Waheed Ali
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting quality of work life (QWL) of teachers working in Higher Education Institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study was conducted by sampling 347 teaching faculty members through questionnaires.

Findings

Fair communication plays the strongest role and social networks have the weakest role in shaping the QWL in higher educational institutions (HEIs) of Pakistan. The relationship of social networks and QWL negates the Hofstede’s view of Pakistan society to a great extent.

Research limitations/implications

A cross-sectional data set is used for tapping a small sample size. The direct effects of four factors were considered for examination. The examination of indirect effects for the factors having weak effects is recommended.

Practical implications

Decision makers having intentions to improve QWL in HEIs must adopt procedural justice and effective communication channels; they should have high respect for employees and should help them to develop networks within the HEIs.

Social implications

Inter-relationships at workplace are hampering due to weak social networks.

Originality/value

The study is an important landmark in highlighting the factors that must be available for higher QWL of faculty members of public sector HEIs.
Sustainable supply network management
Authors: Marques Leonardo
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to scrutinise how the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature has discussed knowledge dynamics across the extended supply network, particularly in the contemporary context of fragmented, globally dispersed supply networks.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic approach to reviewing the literature is applied, covering 20 years, starting with 267 references, and narrowing down to 88 articles specifically addressing knowledge diffusion processes across the extended supply network.

Findings

This study shows that vertical ties limited to direct suppliers or third-party monitoring of global suppliers are both insufficient. Lack of co-opetition is an impediment to knowledge diffusion. And the debate of whether or not global dispersion is an impediment to knowledge diffusion seems inconclusive. More importantly, there is a lack of network-level studies mapping the diversity of actors in supply networks.

Research limitations/implications

First, future SSCM research should shift from an operational focus to strategic knowledge diffusion. Second, the scope of SSCM should expand from linear buyer–supplier relationships to multi-tier and multilateral studies. Special focus should be placed on the literature on social network to support processes that look at the drivers of effective large-scale, global diffusion of sustainability.

Originality/value

This review contends that it is paramount to set a new research direction captured in a new definition of “sustainable supply network management”. Future research should overcome the barriers of data collection at the network level in order to contribute to the field’s current challenges, which clearly lies in globally dispersed and complex supply network, not dyads or linear chains.
Exploring international atmospherics
Authors: Toldos M. Paz , González Eva M. , Motyka Scott
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Previous research has demonstrated that, in retail settings, music has some of the largest effects on consumer behavior. However, it is still unknown how the language of the lyrics (native vs foreign) affects consumer behavior. In order to address this gap in retail atmospherics, the purpose of this paper is to examine the differential effects of the language of the lyrics of the music played and explain the interactions between the music language and volume.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were obtained from a field study conducted in an apparel store and from 241 shoppers speaking Spanish as their native language. The study involved the manipulation of language of the lyrics of music played in the store (native vs foreign).

Findings

Results indicate that customers in a non-English speaking country are more likely to make purchases when music is played in English, which fits with the store’s global image. This effect is mediated by time spent in the store.

Practical implications

For managers of global apparel brands, the results suggest that English music may be a good option to increase time spent in the store and subsequent purchases. This is especially attractive as music is an atmospheric cue that can be easily modified at less expense than other atmospheric cues.

Originality/value

This work is the first to demonstrate that fitting the language of the lyrics of music in an international retail store to a global brand image affects consumer behavior. Furthermore, it demonstrates that atmospherics research may not directly transfer to non-English speaking countries.
A numerical approach to determine fiber orientations around geometric discontinuities in designing against failure of GFRP laminates
Authors: Fragoudakis Roselita
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Determining fiber orientations around geometric discontinuities is challenging and simultaneously crucial when designing laminates against failure. The purpose of this paper is to present an approach for selecting the fiber orientations in the vicinity of a geometric discontinuity; more specifically round holes with edge cracks. Maximum stresses in the discontinuity region are calculated using Classical Lamination Theory (CLT) and the stress concentration factor for the aforementioned condition. The minimum moment to cause failure in a lamina is estimated using the Tsai–Hill and Tsai–Wu failure theories for a symmetric general stacking laminate. Fiber orientations around the discontinuity are obtained using the Tsai–Hill failure theory.

Design/methodology/approach

The current research focuses on a general stacking sequence laminate under three-point bending conditions. The laminate material is S2 fiber glass/epoxy. The concepts of mode I stress intensity factor and plastic zone radius are applied to decide the radius of the plastic zone, and stress concentration factor that multiplies the CLT stress distribution in the vicinity of the discontinuity. The magnitude of the minimum moment to cause failure in each ply is then estimated using the Tsai–Hill and Tsai–Wu failure theories, under the aforementioned stress concentration.

Findings

The findings of the study are as follows: it confirms the conclusions of previous research that the size and shape of the discontinuity have a significant effect on determining such orientations; the dimensions of the laminate and laminae not only affect the CLT results, but also the effect of the discontinuity in these results; and each lamina depending on its position in the laminate will have a different minimum load to cause failure and consequently, a different fiber orientation around the geometric discontinuity.

Originality/value

This paper discusses an important topic for the manufacturing and design against failure of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) laminated structures. The topic of introducing geometric discontinuities in unidirectional GFRP laminates is still a challenging one. This paper addresses these issues under 3pt bending conditions, a load condition rarely approached in literature. Therefore, it presents a fairly simple approach to strengthen geometric discontinuity regions without discontinuing fibers.
Global consumer culture: consequences for consumer research
Authors: Torelli Carlos J. , Stoner Jennifer L.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to comment on the conceptual framework highlighting the reinforcing nature of global consumer culture.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is conceptual with illustrative examples.

Findings

The authors integrate the conceptual framework that highlights the reinforcing nature of global consumer culture with recent findings about the psychology of globalization. Specifically, the authors bring attention to the perceptual, cognitive and motivational consequences of globalization, as well as its effects on consumer identification. The authors illustrate how this integration provides insights for better predicting consumer behavior in a globalized world.

Research limitations/implications

One key aspect of globalization is the creation of multicultural spaces in contemporary societies. Taking a psychological approach, the authors discuss how consumers respond to the process of culture mixing at the heart of globalization. This has consequences for marketers’ global endeavors and provides a nuanced understanding of consumer behavior in a globalized world.

Originality/value

The paper integrates a novel framework with recent findings about the psychology of globalization, opening avenues for future research on global consumer cultures.
Perspective of Yemeni students on use of online learning
Authors: Aldholay Adnan , Abdullah Zaini , Isaac Osama , Mutahar Ahmed M.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Online learning has evolved into a necessary means of learning because of its capability to enhance the education quality with minimum resources and infrastructure. Nevertheless, while academics have studied the espousal and use of online learning in various settings, the effect of compatibility and transformational leadership (TL) still remains to be seen, with regards to the Yemeni context. The purpose of this paper is to forward the Delone and Mclean Information System (IS) success Model by integrating compatibility and TL constructs as precursors to user contentment and actual use for estimating performance of students.

Design/methodology/approach

The questionnaire technique was utilised for gathering primary data from 448 students in nine state-funded Yemeni universities. The six variables in the recommended framework were gauged utilising current scales. Data analysis was done by deploying structural equation modelling through SmartPLS 3.0.

Findings

The outcomes encompassed three key results: overall quality (data, system and service quality), compatibility and TL have a favourable effect on user satisfaction and actual use; actual use considerably estimates user satisfaction; and user satisfaction and actual use have a favourable effect on performance of students.

Research limitations/implications

Because the research populace comprised students from nine state-funded universities, it did not include administrative and academic staff. Furthermore, as the study was cross-sectional, it studied the variables at a single point of time. Attaining experience in utilising online learning would transform the convictions of students, and this cannot be traced through a cross-sectional scrutiny. Moreover, the research relies upon self-testified measures for ascertaining the recommended research model. The reason behind this is that obtaining objective information regarding performance was not likely because of the privacy concern.

Practical implications

Despite the fact that Yemen is a low-income emerging nation with inadequate resources (World Development Indicators, 2017), it can capitalise on online-based learning that provides the advantage of excellent education and that too with limited supplies (Dokhan and Akkoyunlu, 2016; Yang et al., 2016). Additionally, online learning can enhance administration and communication, empower learning anywhere and anytime, and endorse fairness of education.

Originality/value

This study supplements the existing studies on information systems by blending overall quality, compatibility, TL, actual use and client satisfaction for estimating the effect of online learning among students from nine state-funded Yemeni universities. Moreover, the recommended model’s predictive prowess has a higher capability to elucidate and estimate the performance effect as against those acquired from few of the previous studies.
Conceptualising the knower for a new engineering technology curriculum
Authors: Doorsamy Wesley , Padayachee Kershree
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The most recent alteration in engineering technology education in South Africa is the establishment of a new degree qualification – Bachelor of Engineering Technology. The new qualification standards alone do not give a clear distinction between knowers in the engineering technician and engineering technologist categories. This lack of clarity about what knower the new programme is intended to produce is a stumbling block to educators who need to plan, develop and implement the new curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise the intended knower dispositions for the new programme by carrying out a comparative analysis with the existing programme, thereby assisting curriculum designers particularly with development of effective scaffolding for engineering technology students.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors conceptualise the intended knower dispositions for the new programme by carrying out a comparative analysis of the current and new exit-level outcomes. Each of the qualifications for the engineering technology programmes are comprehensively interpreted and analysed in this paper. This paper uses Bloom’s taxonomy and Luckett’s knowledge plane as lenses to perform the analysis and draw a distinction between knowers in the engineering technician and engineering technologist categories.

Findings

The analysis used in this paper suggests that the engineering technologist category exhibits a relative shift towards subjective and theoretical “ways of knowing”. It is found that the shift from practical ways of knowing to theoretical will evoke a shift from contextual to conceptual knowledge. The authors also flesh out how this shift could influence the new curriculum particularly with regard to developing effective scaffolding for engineering technology students. A useful tool for mapping these shifts in knowing is also established in this paper.

Originality/value

The most recent alteration in engineering technology education in South Africa is the establishment of the new Bachelor of Engineering Technology qualification. This qualification marks a paradigm shift in the nature of engineering technology education itself. In this paper, this paradigm shift is conceptualised. It is expected that the interpretation of the new qualification standards, and the influence of the shift in intended knower and exit-level outcomes on curriculum will be grappled with by engineering technology educators in South Africa in the coming years, as the new programmes are established around the country. This conceptual paper is significant because it marks the first work towards grappling these crucial and forthcoming issues in the country.
The influence of individual differences on NFC-based mobile payment adoption in the restaurant industry
Authors: Esfahani Saba Salehi , Bulent Ozturk Ahmet
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This study aims to identify the relationship between individual differences of customers and their intention to use Near Field Communication (NFC)-based mobile payment (MP) technology in restaurants.

Design/methodology/approach

Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) was used to collect the data of this study. A brief demonstration video of a NFC-MP system on how to use the technology was included at the beginning of the survey to make sure that all respondents had a sufficient understanding of the technology. A total of 410 valid online questionnaires were collected. ANOVA with Dunnett’s C post hoc analysis was used to compare the groups’ mean differences of gender, age, prior experience, income and education.

Findings

The findings indicated that there are significant differences in customers’ intention to use NFC technology in restaurants for past experience, age and gender. However, unlike previous studies’ statements, education and income did not play a significant role in restaurant customers’ NFC MP adoption behavioral intention.

Research limitations/implications

This study investigated the restaurant customers’ NFC “intention to use” and did not observe the restaurant consumers’ actual behavior. A longitudinal study measuring actual behavior would be more beneficial to support the result of this study. Likewise, this study did not include the potential differences that might exist between various restaurant segments and ownerships (e.g. franchise vs chain or fast food vs fine dining). Accordingly, future studies should take this factor into account and replicate the study to detect any potential differences in restaurant customers’ behavioral intention.

Practical implications

Segmenting the market according to customers’ demographics could be a competitive advantage for the company. Based on the findings of this study, technology vendors and restaurant operators can define and design more effective strategies that are compatible with various market segments to increase the adoption of NFC-MP technology.

Originality/value

Food and travel experts believe that mobile payment will soon become the preferred method of payment in near future. Moreover, many restaurants in the USA are currently utilizing NFC-based MP systems because of its benefits. However, recent market research shows that NFC-based MP is still not popular among restaurant customers, as its rate of adoption is low. As little research has been conducted on MP in general and on consumers’ NFC-based MP adoption behavior in particular, a better understanding of individual differences influencing the adoption of mobile payments should be acquired.
Absorbing in-bound knowledge within open innovation processes. The case of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
Authors: Matricano Diego , Candelo Elena , Sorrentino Mario , Martínez-Martínez Aurora
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the way companies involved in Open Innovation Processes (OIPs) routinize the procedure through which they can absorb in-bound knowledge, i.e. knowledge that comes from the outside and, in particular, from the crowd. In-bound knowledge passes through the phases of acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation. Thus, companies need to define mechanisms and paths – related to their potential and realized absorptive capacity –to manage and exploit it.

Design/methodology/approach

The present paper is based on a longitudinal case study, an OIP launched by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) that has already been implemented for three times. Multiple direct interviews with FCA top managers have allowed rebuilding the routinized procedure through which the company absorbs in-bound knowledge.

Findings

To routinize the procedure of absorbing in-bound knowledge, the company has settled specific mechanisms and paths and has established some bottlenecks over the process of acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation of in-bound knowledge. These mechanisms and path, as well as these bottlenecks, are identified and descripted in the paper.

Research limitations/implications

Beyond the limitations linked to the use of a single case study, another limitation might be the reference to a big company in a specific industry. Anyway, with due caution, achieved findings can be referred to other industries as well.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to exploring if and how companies managing OIPs routinize the procedure through which they can absorb in-bound knowledge.
The effect of supply chain agility on export performance
Authors: Ayoub Haya Fawzi , Abdallah Ayman Bahjat
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of supply chain agility (SCA) on supply chain responsiveness (SCR), supply chain innovativeness (SCI) and export performance (EP) in the industrial sector in Jordan. It also explores the effects of SCR and SCI on EP. In addition, the study investigates the mediating effects of SCR and SCI on the relationship between SCA and EP.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was prepared based on the extant literature. Data were gathered from 290 companies representing various types of manufacturing in Jordan. The appropriate tests were employed to ensure the validity of the study constructs and their reliability. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings

SCA was found to directly and positively affect EP. It also positively affected SCR and SCI. In addition, SCR and SCI fully mediated the SCA–EP relationship.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first to investigate the effect of SCA on EP. Also, it is the first, to the best of the authors knowledge, to highlight the effect of SCA on SCI. Further, this is the first study to examine the mediating effect of SCI on the SCA–EP relationship. Similarly, the mediating effect of SCR on the SCA–EP relationship has rarely been investigated in the literature.
Hedge fund stratagems and long-run SEO firm performance
Authors: Hull Robert M. , Kwak Sungkyu , Walker Rosemary
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore if hedge fund variables (HFVs) are associated with long-run compounded raw returns (CRRs) for seasoned equity offering (SEO) firms for a six-year window around the offering month for firms undergoing SEOs.

Design/methodology/approach

The event study methodology is used to calculate long-run CRRs that are used in a regression model as dependent variables. Independent variables include HFVs and nonhedge fund variables (NFVs) with standard errors clustered at the month level.

Findings

Three new long-run findings, consistent with recent short-run findings, are offered. First, HFVs are significantly associated with long-run CRRs for SEO firms. Second, HFVs perform competitively compared to NFVs. Third, a potential omitted-variable bias results if HFVs are not used.

Research limitations/implications

This research assumes that hedge fund managers can identify good (poor) performing SEO firm that allow for profitable long (short) positions. The proportion of hedge funds using a strategy will change in the hypothesized manner needed to make profit.

Practical implications

Hedge fund managers can use long-run strategies to capitalize on price movements around significant corporate events.

Social implications

Larger institutional traders have investment advantages due to superior knowledge and greater ability to manipulate prices.

Originality/value

This research is the first study to detail the significant association between hedge fund stratagems and long-run stock returns for firms undergoing key corporate events. This study demonstrates the need to consider hedge fund strategies when trying to understand stock price movements.
Global financial crisis after ten years: a review of the causes and regulatory reactions
Authors: Hossain Ashrafee Tanvir , Kryzanowski Lawrence
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the relevant literature on the causes of and regulatory reactions to the financial crisis of the last decade, popularly known as the “Global Financial Crisis (GFC)” or the “Housing Crisis” in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

This review primarily focuses on the four main causes of the crisis, namely, excessive household leverage, securitization, corporate governance and credit ratings. The main reactionvis-à-visrecovery measures taken by most governments were quantitative easing (QE), bailouts and more stringent regulations of banks, though the discussion mainly focuses on QE.

Findings

In this paper, the authors summarize the literature on the causes and regulatory reactions to the GFC and propose future avenues of research for various topics.

Originality/value

Research on the GFC spans multiple disciplines as well as multiple facets of financial economics. A review paper such as this should help future researchers in generating ideas and gathering information for their research. Given that no review uncovers all worthy papers, the authors apologize in advance to the authors of any papers that the authors have inadvertently not reviewed in this paper.
Police crackdowns in Mexico City
Authors: Massa Ricardo , Fondevila Gustavo
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the design and implementation of the police crackdown strategy employed in Mexico City and to discuss its limitations toward a medium-to-long-term reduction of crime rates for six types of robberies.

Design/methodology/approach

The present work employs generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models to estimate the effect of police operations on the volatility of the rates of six types of robberies in Mexico City, as well as their persistence over time.

Findings

Results suggest that the concentration of policing in certain high-criminality spaces reduces crime rates in the immediate term; however, its permanence is contingent on policing design and behavioral characteristics of the targeted crime. Specifically, the Mexico City police crackdown strategy seems to be better suited for combating crimes of a “non-static” nature than those of a “static” nature.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the nature of the data used for this research, the performed analysis does not enable a precise determination of whether the crime rates respond to temporal or spatial displacement.

Practical implications

Considering the obtained results, a re-design of Mexico City’s police crackdown strategy is suggested for the sustained reduction of the number of reported cases of robberies of a static nature.

Originality/value

Despite their importance, few studies have measured the impact of police crackdowns on city-level crime rates and whether their effect is temporary or permanent. The present study proposes the use of GARCH models in order to integrate the study of this phenomenon into criminal time series models.
I see you in me, and me in you
Authors: Butt Hirra Pervez , Tariq Hussain , Weng Qingxiong , Sohail Nadeem
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Based on the theory of crossover, the purpose of this paper is to explore the limited but growing body of research on positive crossover, wherein the authors investigated the direct and indirect crossover of work passion between the dyadic setting of leader and followers. The authors hypothesized that the leader’s (follower’s) work passion influence follower’s (leader’s) work passion through direct crossover phenomena (i.e. crossover via empathy). In the study, the authors also examined the underlying indirect crossover mechanism of leader’s (follower’s) work passion via personal identification – the process by which individuals (supervisors and subordinates) realize cognitive overlap between the self and other over time in a relationship. In an attempt to fully understand the crossover of leader’s (follower’s) work passion, the authors scrutinized the pattern of leader–follower relationship quality, which has the capacity to moderate the direct and indirect crossover of work passion from leader to follower and vice versa.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted two independent studies and collected a time-lagged data from the dyadic settings of a large trade multinational company (n=77 supervisor and 373 subordinates) and a large manufacturing multinational company (n=89 supervisor and 411 subordinates) situated in Anhui province of China to test the authors’ moderated mediation model of work passion.

Findings

As expected the authors found support for all the authors’ hypothesized relationships. Specifically, the results provide support for the notion of direct and indirect crossover of work passion within leader–follower dyads. Moreover, the authors’ findings also support the moderated mediation model of direct and indirect crossover of work passion.

Originality/value

Overall, this study provides a potential way to stimulate work passion in employees (leader and followers) from the perspective of their relationship quality with each other. Moreover, implications for theory, research and practice with prospective future research topics are discussed.
Computer-aided methods for single-stage fibrous dysplasia excision and reconstruction in the zygomatico-orbital complex
Authors: Budak Igor , Kiralj Aleksandar , Sokac Mario , Santosi Zeljko , Eggbeer Dominic , Peel Sean
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Computer-aided design and additive manufacture (CAD/AM) technologies are sufficiently refined and meet the necessary regulatory requirements for routine incorporation into the medical field, with long-standing application in surgeries of the maxillofacial and craniofacial regions. They have resulted in better medical care for patients and faster, more accurate procedures. Despite ever-growing evidence about the advantages of computer-aided planning, CAD and AM in surgery, detailed reporting on critical design decisions that enable methodological replication and the development and establishment of guidelines to ensure safety are limited. This paper aims to present a novel application of CAD and AM to a single-stage resection and reconstruction of fibrous dysplasia in the zygoma and orbit.

Design/methodology/approach

It is reported in sufficient fidelity to permit methods replication and design guideline developments in future cases, wherever they occur in the world. The collaborative approach included engineers, designers, surgeons and prosthetists to design patient-specific cutting guides and a custom implant. An iterative design process was used, until the desired shape and function were achieved, for both of the devices. The surgery followed the CAD plan precisely and without problems. Immediate post-operative subjective clinical judgements were of an excellent result.

Findings

At 19 months post-op, a CT scan was undertaken to verify the clinical and technical outcomes. Dimensional analysis showed maximum deviation of 4.73 mm from the plan to the result, while CAD-Inspection showed that the deviations ranged between −0.1 and −0.8 mm and that the majority of deviations were located around −0.3 mm.

Originality/value

Improvements are suggested and conclusions drawn regarding the design decisions considered critical to a successful outcome for this type of procedure in the future.
Environmental change effects on life‐history traits and population dynamics of anadromous fishes
Authors: Chaparro‐Pedraza P. Catalina , de Roos André M.
Published: May 2019

Migration, the recurring movement of individuals between a breeding and a non‐breeding habitat, is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Since the life cycle of migratory species involves two habitats, they are particularly vulnerable to environmental change, which may affect either of these habitats as well as the travel between them.

In this study, we aim to reveal the consequences of environmental change affecting older life‐history stages for the population dynamics and the individual life history of a migratory population.

We formulate a population model based on the individual energetics and life history to study how increased energetic cost of the breeding travel and reduced survival and food availability in the non‐breeding habitat affect an anadromous fish population.

These unfavourable conditions have impacts at the individual and the population level. First, when conditions deteriorate individuals in the breeding habitat have a higher body growth rate as a consequence of reductions in spawning that reduce competition. Second, population abundance decreases, and its dynamics change from a regular annual cycle to oscillations with a period of four years. The oscillations are caused by the density‐dependent feedback between individuals within a cohort through the food abundance in the breeding habitat, which results in alternation of a strong and a weak cohort.

Our results explain how environmental change, by affecting older life‐history stages, has multiple consequences for other life stages and for the entire population. We discuss these results in the context of empirical data and highlight the need for mechanistic understanding of the interactions between life‐history and population dynamics in response to environmental change.
Assessing the roles of seed bank, seed dispersal and historical disturbances for metapopulation persistence of a pyrogenic herb
Authors: Quintana‐Ascencio Pedro F. , Koontz Stephanie M. , Ochocki Brad M. , Sclater Vivienne L. , López‐Borghesi Federico , Li Haoyu , Menges Eric S.
Published: May 2019

Seed bank, seed dispersal and historical disturbance are critical factors affecting plant population persistence. However, because of difficulties collecting data on these factors they are often ignored.

We evaluated the roles of seed bank, seed dispersal and historical disturbance on metapopulation persistence of Hypericum cumulicola, a Florida endemic. We took advantage of long‐term demographic data of multiple populations (22 years; ~11 K individuals; 15 populations) and a wealth of information on burn history (1962–present), and habitat attributes (patch specific location, elevation, area and aggregation) of a system of 92 patches of Florida rosemary scrub. We used previously developed integral projection models to assess the relative ability of simulations with different levels of seed dormancy for recently produced and older seeds and different dispersal kernels (including no dispersal) to predict regional observed occupancy and plant abundance in patches in 2016–2018. We compared a simulation with this model using historical burn history to 500 model simulations with the same average fire regime (using a Weibull distribution to determine the probability of ignition) but with random ignition years.

The most likely model had limited dispersal (mean = 0.5 m) and the highest dormancy (field estimates × 1.2 %) and its predictions were associated with observed occurrences (67% correct) and densities (20% of variance explained). Historical burn synchrony among neighbouring patches (skewness in the number of patches burned by year = 1.79) probably explains the higher densities predicted by the simulation with the historical fire regime compared with predicted abundances after simulations using random ignition years (skewness = 0.20 + SE = 0.01).

Synthesis. Our findings demonstrate the pivotal role of seed dormancy, dispersal and fire history on population dynamics, distribution and abundance. Because of the prevalence of metapopulation dynamics, we should be aware of the significance of changes in the availability and configuration of suitable habitat associated with human or non‐human landscape changes. Decisions on prescribed fires (or other disturbances) will benefit from our knowledge of consequences of fire frequency, but also of location of ignition and the probability of fire spread.
Isolation, molecular characterization and virome analysis of culturable wood fungal endophytes in esca symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevine plants
Authors: Nerva Luca , Turina Massimo , Zanzotto Alessandro , Gardiman Massimo , Gaiotti Federica , Gambino Giorgio , Chitarra Walter
Published: May 2019

Europe is the world largest grape producer, but in recent years, the report of diseases due to infection by grapevine trunk pathogens (GTPs) is becoming one of the main constraints for viticulture. Among grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), esca syndrome is one of the most complex, characterized by simultaneous infection of several fungi, which leads to important reduction in yield and quality. Previous characterization of fungal isolates associated with esca syndrome leads to the recognition of at least three important players: Phaeocremonium minimum, Phaemoniella chlamydospora and Fomitiporia mediterranea. Here we isolated and characterized molecularly fungal endophytes directly from field wood tissues of plants showing or not esca symptoms. In addition, to better characterize such collection, a deep RNA sequencing (100 M reads in paired‐end) to screen for mycovirus presence was performed. Thirty‐nine viral genomes were detected, 38 of which were putative new viral species; some of these viruses infected GTPs, including P. minimum and F. mediterranea. In this work, we reported for the first time a curated collection of grapevine fungal endophytes identifying the associated mycoviruses some of which could be employed in future biotechnological exploitation as biological control agents for sustainable plant protection.
The World Health Organization trauma checklist versus Trauma Team Time‐out: A perspective
Authors: Fitzgerald Mark , Reilly Stephanie , Smit De Villiers , Kim Yesul , Mathew Joseph , Boo Ellaine , Alqahtani Abdulrahman , Chowdhury Sharfuddin , Darez Ahamed , Mascarenhas JMA Bruno , O'Keeffe Francis , Noonan Michael , Nickson Chris , Marquez Marc , Li Wang An , Zhang Yan Ling , Williams Kim , Mitra Biswadev
Published: May 2019

Time‐out protocols have reportedly improved team dynamics and patients’ safety in various clinical settings – particularly in the operating room. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a Trauma Care checklist, which outlines steps to follow immediately after the primary and secondary surveys and prior to the team leaving the patient. The WHO Trauma Care checklist's main perceived benefit is the prompting of clinicians to complete trauma admissions as per evidence‐based guidelines. The WHO Trauma Care checklist, while likely to be successful in reducing errors of omission related to hospital admission, may be limited in its ability to reduce errors that occur in the initial 30 min of trauma reception – when most of the life‐saving decisions are made. To address this limitation a Trauma Team Time‐out protocol is proposed for initial trauma resuscitation, targeting the critical first 30 min of hospital reception.
History of privatized corrections
Authors: Harding Richard W. , Rynne John , Thomsen Lisa
Published: May 2019

Research Summary

In this historical review of prison privatization, we identify interconnected events in the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom and their distinctiveness from other nations. The political and economic catalysts for the post‐1980 reemergence of privatization are also analyzed. Privatization exists on a continuum from ancillary service delivery to full custodial operations and management. As privatization seems to have lost some of its momentum, it is unclear whether its advent has produced the intended system‐wide improvements.

Policy Implications

Modern privatization spawned an enormous amount of research in which a comparison of the private and public sectors was attempted. Despite the plethora of research, the findings are mainly inconclusive. Policy makers should focus on privatization as a subset of mainstream prisons research, with investigation of system‐wide key issues like confinement quality, preparation for release, and accountability. These matters bear, in turn, on outcomes such as reduced recidivism and the ability to lead a useful life postrelease.
The politics of correctional privatization in the United States
Authors: Burkhardt Brett C.
Published: May 2019

Research Summary

Private correctional firms are political actors. They work to create favorable conditions to market their services. At the same time, they are constrained by external political forces, including political parties, social movements, and public opinion. In this article, I review what we know about the reciprocal relationship between the private corrections industry and politics.

Policy Implications

Through my review of extant research, I discover several implications for practitioners and policy makers. First, correctional privatization is not uniformly accepted, a fact that presents challenges for the industry and opportunities for critics. Second, punitive policies that seem beneficial to industry (particularly those related to tough immigration policy) may in fact pose real reputational risks. Third, new forms of privatization—namely, social impact bonds—may prove more tolerable to the general public. Finally, consideration of political activity by private industry should not distract from political activity by public‐sector actors (e.g., prison guard unions).
Public opinion and correctional privatization
Authors: Frost Natasha A. , Trapassi Jessica , Heinz Steven
Published: May 2019

Research Summary

Slightly more than half of all states and the federal government currently have contracted with private prison corporations for the incarceration of some of their correctional populations. We use the literature on privatization of prisons to argue that we know surprisingly little about the public's perception of this phenomenon. We summarize what is known from the thin body of research into public opinion in the correctional domain, and then we argue for an expanded research agenda to develop a more extensive (and nuanced) understanding of public perceptions in this context.

Policy Implications

Private correctional facilities run by for‐profit companies, and the privatization of correctional services beyond institutions, have proliferated despite little knowledge regarding public support for the expansion of privatization in the correctional domain. Given that public opinion, or at least perceptions of those opinions, can directly or indirectly influence policy, we argue that expanding our knowledge of the nature, direction, and malleability of public opinion has substantial policy implications for the future of prison privatization.
Cost–benefit analysis and privatized corrections
Authors: Pratt Travis C.
Published: May 2019

Research Summary

Privatized corrections and cost–benefit analyses have both been around for a long time in American criminal justice policy and practice. Accordingly, in this article, I review the cost–benefit literature on correctional privatization with respect to three primary issues: (1) what we know from the cost–benefit analyses that have been conducted thus far regarding privatized corrections, (2) the key gaps and challenges that should be addressed if we are to truly understand the “social ledger” associated with privatizing correctional services, and (3) key lessons learned regarding the limited role that cost–benefit analysis plays in policy discussions about punishment policy.

Policy Implications

The primary implication for policy is that, for the most part, what we know about the cost‐effectiveness of privatized corrections has been confined to studies of private prisons. Alternatively, on balance, we know little about the cost‐effectiveness of privatized corrections more generally. And even if rigorous cost–benefit analyses did exist in larger quantities, they would still have to face the strong ideological commitment that both proponents and opponents of privatized corrections seem to hold.
Privatized corrections in the 21st century
Authors: Montes Andrea N. , Mears Daniel P.
Published: May 2019

Research Summary

Governments historically have relied on private organizations to assist with the provision of correctional punishment and services. This reliance continues but has engendered considerable debate that stems from ideological divides. Debate stems as well from a disjuncture between the limited evidence about privatization and calls for evidence‐based policy. In this article, we present a conceptual framework for identifying what is and is not known about privatization and for guiding scholarship and policy. We then discuss key issues that must be addressed to advance knowledge about privatization and productively inform policy debates.

Policy Implications

In our review, we highlight that little is known not only about the benefits and harms of private corrections but also about the operations, impacts, and cost efficiency of public corrections. Scholarship on privatization can be used to shed light on contemporary punishment practices and how they impact individuals and influence corrections systems and society.