bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Growing Medium Type and Predator:Prey Ratio on Rove Beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), Adult Predation on Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), Larvae
Authors: Herrick Nathan J. , Cloyd Raymond A.
Published: October 2018

Fungus gnats, Bradysia spp. (Diptera: Sciaridae), are major insect pests because the larvae can directly damage plants grown in greenhouse production systems. In general, insecticides are commonly used to suppress fungus gnat larval populations. However, the rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), a commercially available predator of insect pests, including fungus gnat larvae, may be an alternative to using insecticides. Growing medium selection used for growing plants can influence insect pest and predator interactions in greenhouse production systems; however, quantitative information is limited. Therefore, we conducted greenhouse experiments and a laboratory experiment to determine the effects of growing medium type on D. coriaria adult predation and fungus gnat, Bradysia. sp. nr. coprophila (Lintner) (Diptera: Sciaridae), larval survival when feeding on the roots of coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd, plants. In addition, experiments were conducted to determine the number of rove beetle adults, based on predator:prey ratios, needed to regulate fungus gnat larval populations. In all three experiments, fewer fungus gnat larvae survived in Pro-Mix BX than the Berger BM1 growing medium, and rove beetles reduced the number of fungus gnat larvae in both growing media in the greenhouse experiments. Although predator:prey ratio was not significant, we found that 10 rove beetle adults per 15.2-cm diameter container (1834.82 cm3 with 2.0 L of growing medium) regulated fungus gnat larval populations at the densities investigated. Therefore, greenhouse producers should consider the effects of production practices, such as growing medium type, when using rove beetles to regulate fungus gnat larval populations.
Micropropagation of Chinquapin (Castanea henryi) Using Axillary Shoots and Cotyledonary Nodes
Authors: Xiong Huan , Sun He , Zou Feng , Fan Xiaoming , Niu Genhua , Yuan Deyi
Published: October 2018

Castanea henryi is an important woody grain tree species native to China. The objective of the current study was to find the suitable plant growth regulators (PGRs) and the optimal concentrations for direct organogenesis by using axillary shoots and cotyledonary nodes. Seeds were collected from the field, sterilized, and germinated in vitro. Axillary shoots and cotyledonary nodes of 3-week-old seedlings were used as explants. To find the suitable PGR for adventitious shoot induction, 0.5 mg·L–1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 0.1 mg·L–1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0.1 mg·L–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), or 0.1 mg·L–1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was supplemented to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.65% agar and 3% sucrose. A high induction percentage of adventitious shoots (85.67%) was obtained from cotyledonary nodes supplemented with 0.1 mg·L–1 2,4-D. The type of explant influenced shoot proliferation rates and quality. Apical explants produced more and longer shoots than nodal segments. For shoot multiplication, 1 mg·L–1 6-BA + 0.05 mg·L–1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) supplemented with MS medium produced 12.33 and 6.25 shoots per explant, respectively, from apical and nodal explants. For shoot elongation and strengthening, 2 mg·L–1 6-BA + 0.05 mg·L–1 IBA supplemented with MS medium was the best combination, producing shoots with a mean length of 3.50 cm, a diameter of 0.46 cm, and about eight leaves per shoot. The greatest rooting of 76.70% and 11.33 roots per shoot was achieved when cultured in MS medium supplemented with 3.5% perlite + 1.5 mg·L–1 IBA. For acclimatization of the rooted plantlets in the greenhouse, a survival rate of 80% was achieved. This protocol—from multiplication to acclimation—is helpful to realize mass propagation of high-quality trees of chinquapin for increasing production and nut quality.
Reaction of Different Vaccinium Species to the Blueberry Leaf Rust Pathogen Thekopsora minima
Authors: Babiker Ebrahiem M. , Stringer Stephen J. , Smith Barbara J. , Sakhanokho Hamidou F.
Published: October 2018

Blueberry leaf rust caused by Thekopsora minima is a serious threat to blueberry production. To investigate the host range and characterize new sources of resistance, 15 southern highbush accessions (Vaccinium corymbosum), two interspecific hybrids (V. elliottii × V. pallidum and V. corymbosum × V. pallidum), and accessions from five diploid Vaccinium species were inoculated with an isolate of T. minima. Of 15, only two southern highbush accessions displayed resistance, whereas both accessions of V. arboreum displayed immunity against T. minima. Accessions of V. darrowii exhibited necrosis but with limited sporulation, indicating a high level of resistance. Sporulating lesions and brown spots were observed in accessions of V. elliottii and V. tenellum. Brown lesions, large pustules, and abundant sporulation were observed on V. pallidum accessions and their interspecific hybrids. As the lesions expanded, defoliation was observed in V. pallidum accessions. When tested against rabbiteye (V. virgatum) and southern highbush blueberries, urediniospores of T. minima from overwintering leaves of V. pallidum were found to be virulent, suggesting that T. minima overwinters on V. pallidum. Based on symptoms and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of urediniospores, we hypothesize that V. elliottii, V. tenellum, V. pallidum, and V. corymbosum exhibit no host specificity to T. minima.
Ultraviolet-A Radiation Stimulates Growth of Indoor Cultivated Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Seedlings
Authors: Kang Soohyun , Zhang Yating , Zhang Yuqi , Zou Jie , Yang Qichang , Li Tao
Published: October 2018

Ultraviolet-A (UV-A) is the main component of UV radiation in nature. However, its role on plant growth, to a large extent, remains unknown. In this study, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Beijing Cherry Tomato’) seedlings were cultivated in an controlled environment in which UV-A radiation was provided by UV-A fluorescent lamps (λmax = 369 nm) with a fluence rate of 2.28 W·m−2. The photoperiod of UV-A radiation was 0, 4, 8, and 16 hours, which corresponds to control, UV-A4, UV-A8, and UV-A16 treatments, respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 220 μmol·m−2·s−1, which was provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a blue/red light ratio of 1:9, the photoperiod of PPFD was 16 hours. We showed that supplementing 8 and 16 hours of UV-A to visible radiation (400–700 nm) stimulated plant biomass production by 29% and 33%, respectively, compared with that of control. This resulted mainly from larger leaves (i.e., 22% and 31% in 8 and 16 hours UV-A, respectively), which facilitated light capture. Supplemental UV-A also enhanced photosynthetic capacity, as indicated by greater net photosynthesis rates in response to CO2 under saturating PPFD. Furthermore, the greatest stomatal conductance (gS) value was observed in UV-A16, followed by UV-A8, which correlated with the greater stomatal density in the corresponding treatments. Moreover, supplemental UV-A did not induce any stress, as the maximum quantum efficiency of photosynthetic system II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) remained ≈0.82 in all treatments. Similarly, chlorophyll content and leaf mass area (LMA) were also unaffected by UV-A radiation. Taken together, we conclude that supplementing reasonable levels of UV-A to visible radiation stimulates growth of indoor cultivated tomato seedlings.
Evaluation of Three Commercial Biopesticides for the Reduction of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Populations
Authors: Ramírez-Godoy Augusto , Vera-Hoyos María del Pilar , Jiménez-Beltrán Natalia , Restrepo-Díaz Hermann
Published: October 2018

Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is the most serious threat to the global citrus industry, and its management has mainly depended on the application of chemical insecticides. The use of biopesticides can play an important role in regulating this pest. In a first test, two separate experiments were conducted in two different municipalities (Apulo and Jerusalen, Cundinamarca, Colombia) to evaluate the effect of foliar Beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid sprays on ACP populations in 2015 and 2016, respectively. In a second test, two separate tests were carried out in commercial Tahiti lime orchards to evaluate the efficacy of three different commercial biopesticides (Beauveria bassiana and extracts of Sophora sp. and garlic-chili pepper). In test 1, imidacloprid-treated trees showed a reduction (60% and 80%) in cumulative ACP adults in 2016. ACP cumulative nymphs were also diminished by foliar imidacloprid and B. bassiana application, between 40% and 65% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. ACP cumulative eggs showed lower individuals in imidacloprid-treated flushes at 3 and 4 weeks after treatment 9 (WAT) in 2016. In test 2, the results obtained showed ACP adults and eggs unaffected by biopesticide treatments; nymphs were reduced 50% to 75% in trees treated with the three biopesticides in comparison with control trees. All three biopesticides tested can be considered useful tools in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for ACP, since these products reduced immature ACP individuals between 50% and 75% under field conditions.
Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Horticultural Activities for Postural Control and Balance Training
Authors: Lee A-Young , Park Sin-Ae , Moon Young-Jin , Son Ki-Cheol
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to analyze the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of eight horticultural activities (HAs): digging, raking, sowing seeds, transplanting plants, near-distance weeding, far-distance weeding, low-height harvesting, and high-height harvesting. Twenty-four male university students (average age, 23.4 ± 2.9 years) participated in this study. Balance and postural stability factors [e.g., center of mass (CoM), ground reaction force (GRF), and center of pressure (CoP)] and postural control strategy factors (e.g., joint angles, joint moment, and muscle activation of the trunk and lower limbs) were assessed using a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system, force platform, and surface electromyography. A total of eight HAs were distinguished in three motions: stepping, squatting, and stooping. In performing the eight HAs, CoM shifting occurred and balance of the subjects became unstable. These forced compensatory motor strategies to maintain balance by exertion of GRF from the two feet, movement of the CoP, and a combination of musculoskeletal system exercises of the lower limbs and trunk occurred. The kinematic and kinetic characteristics of lower limb motions were significantly different across the HAs (P = 0.05). The kinematic and kinetic characteristics of HAs were similar to those of the functional tasks during balance improvement training motions and activities of daily living. The current study provides useful reference data for developing a horticultural therapy program for balance improvement in patients who need physical rehabilitation.
A Novel Plant Growth Regulator Alleviates High‐Temperature Stress in Maize
Authors: Tao Qun , Zhou Yuyi , Guo Qing , Liu Yingru , Yu Sha , Yu Chunxin , Zhang Mingcai , Li Zhaohu , Duan Liusheng
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas

This study examined a new way to mitigate the effects of HTS on spring maize.

B2 had similar effects to ABA on alleviating maize yield penalty caused by HTS.

B2 reduced plant height and ear height.

Adopting spring maize (Zea mays L.) to replace part of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–summer maize rotation system can mitigate agricultural water scarcity in the North China Plain. The main obstacle to increasing spring maize production is high‐temperature stress (HTS) at grain‐filling stage. In this study, a novel plant growth regulator (2,4‐dichloroformamide cyclopropane acid [B2]), based on the structures of abscisic acid (ABA), pyrabactin, and coronatine, was used to reduce maize yield penalty imposed by HTS. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of B2 on alleviating maize yield penalty caused by HTS in 2015 and 2016. The hybrid maize cultivar Zhengdan958, which is widely planted across China, was grown at a density of 67,500 plants ha−1. Water, B2, and ABA were applied to maize foliar surfaces at the ninth‐expanded‐leaf stage. Application of B2 significantly increased grain yield by 8.5% by increasing thousand‐kernel weight and decreasing bare tip length compared with the control. Additionally, B2 significantly increased the SPAD value and ABA content of the ear leaf, enhancing net photosynthesis rate and heat resistance. Application of B2 also improved grain‐filling rate, grain volume, and grain dry weight, which contributed to higher grain yield. Moreover, B2 decreased plant and ear height, neither of which was affected by ABA. These results indicate that B2, with a biological activity similar that of ABA, could help maintain relatively higher photosynthetic capacity, heat resistance, and grain‐filling rate during the grain‐filling stage under HTS, providing a stable method to increase grain yield.
Food allergies in children: why has there been an increase in the prevalence rates?
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Berezhnaya I. V.
Published: October 2018

The prevalence of allergic diseases and asthma are increasing worldwide. Scientists say up to 30–40% of the adult population have various forms of allergy (gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory, isolated or combined) in recent years. There is no tendency for the number of children with this pathology to reduce despite a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic diseases and the achievements of pharmacology. Experts in various health areas (paediatricians, allergists, dermatologists, immunologists, gastroenterologists) actively discuss the role of the intestinal microbiota in the mechanisms of the development of food allergies. The article discusses the pathogenesis of food allergies and atopic dermatitis in children, discusses the possibility of using probiotics in complex therapy, taking into account the results of global clinical studies.
From bacteriuria to the urinary tract microbiome: the evolution of the views of researchers and clinicians
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Osmanov I. M. , Machneva E. В. , Mumladze Е. B. , Kasyanova A. N. , Aisanova M. Р.
Published: October 2018

The preservation of the human urinary tract integrity in interaction with microorganisms depends on the balance of many components: the viability of nonspecific protective factors of the urinary tract mucosa, the virulence factors of microorganisms, the intensity of the innate immune response of the urinary tract tissue to the presence of microorganisms, the mutual impact of the microand macro-organism upon each other that is directed towards creation of a normal microbiome, and not inflammation. Most of these factors are genetically determined both by microorganisms and humans. The article presents modern data of Russian and foreign literature devoted to the description of factors supporting the homeostasis of the urinary tract in interacting with microorganisms. The authors emphasise a key role of these data in the practice of clinicians, including paediatricians and paediatric nephrologists, family doctors.
The role of external anti-inflammatory therapy of dermatoses in children
Authors: Sharova N. M.
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the clinical aspects of inflammatory manifestations of dermatoses at an early age. It presents the results of the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug based on activated pyrithione zinc
What do we know today about the fat profile of breast milk and modern artificial infant formulas?
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Kasyanova A. N.
Published: October 2018

The article presents a modern view of the fat acid profile of breast milk (BM) and modern artificial formulas. Milk fat of BM is the main source of energy for baby. Triglycerides, which are represented by fat globules of milk form the basis of the fat component of BM. BM is also characterized by the optimal content and ratio of fatty acids. It contains essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as linoleic and α-linolenic acids with derivatives. PUFAs are included in the milk composition, providing both short-term and long-term effects on infant development. The article presents the results of studies showing the role of fish oil supplements in the diet of pregnant and lactating women, which led to a significant increase of docosahexaenoic acid content in the milk. It is proved that PUFAs are involved in the formation of the brain, neuroretina in infants, participate in immunological processes. Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fat in the BM. If palmitic acid, located in Sn-1 and Sn-3 position, is included in the infant feeding, it affects the formation of insoluble calcium soaps and the formation of a stiffer stool. These properties of β-palmitate are taken into account when developing new approaches to creating formlulas for feeding children, bringing their fat composition closer to the composition of GM. The unique patented DigestX® component, which is part of Kabrita® Gold’s goat milk mixes, is designed to bring the fat component of the blends closer to the unique structure of BM fat. It is shown that mixtures with a high content of β-palmitate provide various metabolic functions, and affect the formation of the infant immunity, the composition of its intestinal microbiota. The formulas with β-palmitate play an important role in forming the bone matrix of the child.
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: modern aspects of pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Zafiraki V. К. , Kosmacheva Е. D. , Zakharova I. N. , Korneva V. A. , Susekov A. V.
Published: October 2018

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is a rare genetic disease featuring extremely high of low-density lipoprotein blood level, cutaneous and tendon xanthomas and accelerated atherosclerosis with often manifestions in the first 2 decades of life, resulting to premature death due to atherosclerosis-related diseases. Modern combined lipid-lowering therapy is able to increase life duration considerably for these patients.
Clinical presentations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and implications for therapy
Authors: Díez-López Carles , Salazar-Mendiguchía Joel
Published: October 2018

[first paragraph of article]Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is diagnosed in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy of ≥15 mm in adult index cases, or ≥13 mm in relatives of known affected patients, that is not solely explained by abnormal loading conditions. In children, the left ventricle (LV) wall thickness should be more than two standard deviations above the predicted population mean. The typical anatomo-pathological findings include myocyte hypertrophy, disarray, interstitial fibrosis and small-vessel disease. Although all the myocytes are supposed to be affected, pathological alterations are not uniformly distributed throughout the myocardium. Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the interventricular septum is the most commonly observed phenotype, but any pattern of hypertrophy is consistent with the diagnosis.
Perspectives on current recommendations for genetic testing in HCM
Authors: Monserrat Lorenzo
Published: October 2018

[first paragraph of article]Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined as a primary cardiac muscle disease characterized by the presence of myocardial hypertrophy in the absence of apparent causes for the observed degree of hypertrophy. This definition includes both familial and sporadic (apparently non-familial) forms of the disease. HCM is usually considered as a genetically determined condition. Current genotyping technologies allow for the identification of the genetic causes of the disease in 50 to 70% of the patients who fulfill clinical diagnostic criteria. However, the etiology of 30 to 40% of the cases remains elusive. This review is focused on the current role of genetic testing in HCM, and the potential benefits of the identification of the genetic etiology of the disease.
Cardiac pacing in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tolosana José Maria , Trucco Emilce
Published: October 2018

[first paragraph of article]About one-third of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have resting left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). The presence of LVOTO in HCM facilitates the progression of heart failure and increases the risk of death. LVOTO is defined as a peak instantaneous Doppler LV outflow tract gradient ≥30 mmHg, but the threshold for invasive treatment is usually considered to be ≥50 mm Hg.
Prediction vs. estimation of dewpoint temperature: assessing GEP, MARS and RF models
Authors: Shiri Jalal
Published: October 2018

Dewpoint temperature (Tdew) plays a key role in agricultural issues as well as meteorological studies. This paper is aimed at developing and validating prediction and estimation models of Tdew values. Gene expression programming (GEP), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), and random forest (RF) models were employed. Data from six weather stations (consisting of a period of ten years) in East Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran were utilized for establishing, testing, and validating the models. In the case of predicting models, chronological records of Tdew in previous time steps were introduced as models' inputs to predict Tdew values at daily and weekly prediction intervals. In the case of Tdew estimating models, daily records of mean air temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity, and wind speed were utilized as inputs to estimate Tdew. Acquired results showed prediction-based GEP surpasses the MARS and RF models in both daily and weekly prediction intervals. Among the estimation models, the MARS models that relied on air temperature, relative humidity, and sunshine hours presented the most accurate results in all studied locations as well as the studied region. The current study proposes the use of MARS models in estimating Tdew magnitudes, while it criticizes the use of single data set assignment for both temporal and spatial analysis.
Bioassays and coagulation studies using Moringa oleifera seeds for the removal of textile dyes
Authors: Pecora Hengli Barbosa , Dilarri Guilherme , Mendes Carolina Rosai , Corso Carlos Renato
Published: October 2018

The aim of this work was to evaluate the removal of three different textile dyes through the coagulation action of the powder and supernatant of Moringa oleifera seeds. The pH of the solution and mass concentrations of the adsorbent were varied. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the main interaction sites of the M. oleifera coagulants with the dyes. Bioassays were also conducted with Lactuca sativa and Eruca sativa seeds to evaluate the toxicity of the M. oleifera coagulants and dyes. Each dye interacted differently with the M. oleifera powder and supernatant; however, dye removal rates were higher than 70% even when varying the pH of the solution. FT-IR spectrophotometry revealed that the linkage of the dyes with the M. oleifera coagulants occurs through chemical interactions, and the coagulating protein of M. oleifera was confirmed as the removing agent. Depending on the dye molecule, the pH of the solution also exerted a strong influence on coagulation. The phytotoxicity tests showed that the coagulants in the seeds of M. oleifera are more toxic than the dyes tested. In conclusion, although efficient and economically feasible, the application of M. oleifera coagulants requires further investigation, especially with regard to ecotoxicology.
Operational modifications for the development of nitrifying bacteria in a large-scale biological aerated filter and its impact on wastewater treatment
Authors: Bourgeois François-René , Monette Frédéric , Cyr Daniel G.
Published: October 2018

To develop a better understanding for fixed biomass processes, the development of a nitrifying bacterial biofilm, as well as the performance of treatment during modifications to operational conditions of a full-scale submerged biological filter were examined. The development of the nitrifying biofilm was investigated at four depth levels (1, 2, 4 and 5 feet). The result of bacterial subpopulations analyzed by qPCR relative to the physico-chemical parameters of the wastewater during the various tests (sustained aeration, modified backwash parameters and inflow restriction) revealed an increase of the relative presence of nitrifying microorganisms throughout the biofilm (especially for nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB)), but this was not necessarily accompanied by a better nitrification rate. The highest observed nitrification rate was 49% of removal in the test cell during backwashing conditions, whereas the relative ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) population was 0.032% and NOB was 0.008% of the total biomass collected. The highest percentage of nitrifying bacteria observed (0.034% AOB and 0.18% NOB) resulted in a nitrification rate of 21%. The treatment of organic matter determined by measuring the chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD, CBOD5) was improved.
Approaches to forecasing option volatility
Authors: Azatskiy A. V.
Published: October 2018

The article investigates a new approach to the idea of volatility. In spite of the well-known assumption that option volatility in future will be exactly the same as today, the author puts forward a method, which links the change in volatility to change of only one parameter, i.e. the price of basic asset. The idea that the price of basic asset is a ‘guide’ for option volatility does not need any proof, as like terminal contracts options are estimated proceeding from their basic asset. This method can help estimate future volatility for one (or even more steps) ahead. Like any other forecast method it builds up the error as the number of steps in the future increases, however the simplicity of its use and low resource-intensiveness make it a worthy alternative to the method accepted now, which shows volatility while presenting prospects of the current option position. To forecast volatility for one step ahead we used the following basic statistic methods and economic models: the method of linear regression, Newton-Rafson method for finding option strikes for the set deltas, the method of spline-interpolation, the model of calculating ‘option smile’ Vanna-Volga.
Methodological aspects of building the indicator for revealing distortions in company results
Authors: Savelyeva M. Yu. , Dudin S. A. , Trenixina A. V.
Published: October 2018

Today it is extremely timely and acute to stir up academic quarters in order to develop methodological basis for assessing the degree of accounts trustworthiness in the interest of all groups of company stakeholders. The article studies theoretical and methodological aspects of assessing accounts manipulation. The author came to the conclusion about availability of shortcomings in the effective tools of assessing accounts manipulation, which are connected with determinism of indicators included in their structure and ignoring specificity of different types of company activity. The article proposes a new approach to probabilistic assessment of distortions in company accounts, which leans on mathematic-statistic models, namely typologization and multi-criteria estimation. This approach makes it feasible not only to find facts of accounts distortion but to identify their trend in the direction of overstating or understating. On the basis of this approach the integral indicator of assessing possibility of finance results’ distortion in company accounting in the direction of their overstating was built. It is connected with companies, whose principle type of activity is food production. The author draws a conclusion that more than a half of joint stock companies in the Russian Federation dealing with food production provide untruthful finance accounting (with the possibility of over 60%), which overstates finance results of its work.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Aromatic Surfactants as Potential Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Barrantes Kenia , Fuentes Mary , Chacón Luz , Achí Rosario , Granados-Zuñiga Jorge , Alvarado María José , Somarribas Luis , Vázquez-Tato José , Vázquez-Tato M. Pilar , Seijas Julio A. , Tellini Víctor Soto
Published: October 2018

Two ether and one ester derivatives of the 4-nitro-3-hydroxybenzoic acid were synthesized
and characterized. The in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the three novel compounds
were also evaluated. The aromatic derivatives showed antibacterial activity against one of the four microorganisms
tested and two compounds (C8 and NOBA) had a lower IC50 in HeLa cells.
Interrelationship Between Kidney Function and Percutaneous Mitral Valve Interventions: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Lo Kevin Bryan , Dayanand Sandeep , Ram Pradhum , Dayanand Pradeep , Slipczuk Leandro N. , Figueredo Vincent M. , Rangaswami Janani
Published: October 2018

Percutaneous mitral valve repair is emerging as a reasonable alternative especially in those with an unfavorable surgical risk profile in the repair of mitral regurgitation. At this time, our understanding of the effects of underlying renal dysfunction on outcomes with percutaneous mitral valve repair and the effects of this procedure itself on renal function is evolving, as more data emerges in this field. The current evidence suggests that the correction of mitral regurgitation via percutaneous mitral valve repair is associated with some degree of improvement in cardiac function, hemodynamics and renal function. The improvement in renal function was more significant for those with greater renal dysfunction at baseline. The presence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in turn has been associated with poor long-term outcomes including increased mortality and hospitalization among patients who undergo percutaneous mitral valve repair. This was true regardless of the degree of improvement in GFR post repair advanced CKD. The adverse impact of CKD on long-term outcomes was consistent across all studies and was more prominent in those with GFR<30 mL/min/1.73 m². It is clear that from these contrasting evidences of improved renal function post mitral valve repair but poor long-term outcomes including increased mortality in patients with CKD, that proper patient selection for percutaneous mitral valve repair is key. There is a need to have better-standardized criteria for patients who should qualify to have percutaneous mitral valve replacement with Mitraclip. In this new era of percutaneous mitral valve repair, much work needs to be done to optimize long-term patient outcomes.
A New Portable Colorimetric Sensor Based on RGB Chromaticity for Quantitative Determination of Sarin in Water
Authors: Huang Tingting , Liu Guohong , Yu Jingxiang , Liu Meng , Huang Zhiping , Li Jian , Li Danping
Published: October 2018

Background:

Sarin is a nerve agent which is lethal to people due to its high toxicity. According
to its extreme toxicity, sarin, relatively lack of color, highly toxic, miscible in water, poses
viable threats to potable water sources. Therefore, there is an urgent need for portable, rapid and yet
reliable methods to monitor for adulteration of potable water sources by sarin on spot.

Methods:

A stock solution of 30 mg/L sarin was prepared daily by dissolving 300 μg of sarin in
10 mL isopropanol. A certain amount of sarin was added to the glass tube, and then o-dianisidine and
hydrogen peroxide were added. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 9.8. The solution was
transferred to the test tube after 10 minutes. A test tube of 2 mL was placed between the light source
and the RGB color sensor. The LED light source illuminates directly over the test tube while the
RGB sensor obtained the generated spectral response. This RGB voltage output is connected to the
ADC and microcontroller to convert these analog voltages to three digital data. This RGB digital data
is linked to the microcomputer through the serial port that is interfaced with the user interface. The
data thus obtained in the sensor can be processed to display the sarin concentration.

Results:

Under the optimum conditions as described above, the calibration curve of chromaticity
value versus sarin concentration was linear in the range of 0.15 mg/L to 7.8 mg/L. According to the
IUPAC definition, theoretical detection limits of this method were 0.147 mg/L and 0.140 mg/L for R
and B values, respectively. The practical detection limit was 0.15 mg/L. The sensor was successfully
applied to the determination of sarin in artificial water samples and the recoveries were between
86.0% to 95.9%.

Conclusion:

The results in the present work have demonstrated the feasibility to design a new portable
colorimetric sensor based on the RGB chromaticity method for quantitative determination of sarin
in water. The influences of chromogenic reagent, oxidant, reaction time, o-dianisidine concentration,
hydrogen peroxide concentration, reaction temperature, pH on the chromaticity values were investigated.
The results showed that the sensor possessed high selectivity, sensitivity and good repeatability.
The method would be potentially applied to the analysis of other toxic compounds in
environment, such as other chemical warfare agents.
The Epithelial Barrier Model Shows That the Properties of VSL#3 Depend from Where it is Manufactured
Authors: Palumbo Paola , Lombardi Francesca , Cifone Maria Grazia , Cinque Benedetta
Published: October 2018

Background:

VSL#3 has been extensively investigated and is currently recommended for
the prevention and treatment of chronic pouchitis and ulcerative colitis. Nonetheless, in vitro and in
vivo studies have recently shown variability in the VSL#3 efficacy often attributed to the manufacturing
process.

Objective:

The aim was to comparatively study the in vitro effects of two VSL#3 preparations produced
in different sites (named US- and Italy-made VSL#3) on CaCo-2 epithelial barrier model in
terms of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), dextran flux and expression of Tight Junctions
(TJ) proteins i.e. zonulin-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, in the absence or presence of a heat stress-related
damage of monolayer.

Methods:

TEER was evaluated on CaCo-2 differentiated monolayers. Epithelial permeability of polarized
monolayers was assessed by measuring the FITC-labeled dextran flux from the apical to basolateral
chambers. ZO-1/occludin levels were analyzed by western blot analysis. A set of experiments
was performed to compare the effects of both VSL#3 on TEER values, dextran flux and ZO-1/occludin
expression in CaCo-2 monolayers after heat stress exposure.

Results:

US- and Italy-made VSL#3 have opposing effects on TEER values, dextran flux, and ZO-
1/occludin expression, being all these parameters negatively influenced just by Italy-made product.
US-made probiotic did not affect baseline TEER, dextran flux and ZO-1 expression and strongly increased
occludin levels. Of note, pre-treatment of monolayer with US-made VSL#3, but not Italy-made
product, totally prevented the heat-induced epithelial barrier integrity loss.

Conclusion:

Our data trigger the need for reassessing efficacy or safety of the Italy-made VSL#3 considering
intestinal epithelial barrier plays an important role in maintaining host health.
A Simplified Approach for Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Circular Silos and Bunkers
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Umair , Khurshid Hassan , Qureshi Hisham Jahangir , Siddiqi Zahid Ahmad
Published: October 2018

Background:

Reinforced concrete silos and bunkers are commonly used structures for large storage of different materials. These structures are highly vulnerable when subjected to intense seismic forces. Available guidelines for analysis and design of these structures require special design skills and code procedures.

Objective:

The current study is aimed to elaborate the design procedures from different sources to a unified method, which can be applied to a larger class of reinforced concrete silos. In this study, analysis and design procedures are summarized and presented in a simplified form to make sure the efficient practical design applications of reinforced concrete silos.

Method:

Four different cases of silo design based on the type and weight of stored material were considered for the study. For each case, the silo was designed using given design procedure and modeled using FEM-based computer package. All of the reinforced concrete silos were subjected to gravity, wind and seismic forces.

Results:

After performing the analysis and design of different silos, the bending moment, shear force and axial forces profiles were given for a sample silo. The results obtained from the proposed design procedure were compared with FEM values for different components of silos such as slab, wall and hopper.

Conclusion:

The comparison of tangential and longitudinal forces, bending moments, shear forces and reinforcement ratios of different parts of silos have shown a fair agreement with the FEM model results. It motivates to use the proposed design procedure for an efficient design of reinforced concrete silos.
Pengembangan konstruk sistem pembelajaran pada pendidikan tinggi vokasi
Authors: Suarta I Made
Published: October 2018

Sistem pembelajaran di politeknik perlu menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan-kebutuhan terkini dalam menyiapkan lulusan untuk memiliki pekerjaan dengan keahlian terapan tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mendeskripsikan persepsi mahasiswa tentang sistem pembelajaran yang diterapkan oleh dosen/instruktur di politeknik; dan (2) Memperoleh model pengukuran konstruk sistem pembelajaran pendidikan tinggi vokasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif non-eksperimen, menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat penumpul data. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa tingkat akhir Politeknik Negeri Bali tahun akademik 2009/2010. Ukuran sampel penelitian sebanyak 244. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah proportional random sampling. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis faktor konfirmatori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Menurut persepsi mahasiswa, kemampuan dosen dan instruktur dalam mengelola program pembelajaran di politeknik secara umum termasuk dalam kategori baik; (2) Model pengukuran konstruk sistem pembelajaran pendidikan tinggi vokasi terdiri atas indikator-indikator: pembelajaran yang berpusat pada peserta didik, pembelajaran yang berpusat pada kerja, serta pembelajaran yang berfokus pada pengembangan atribut-atribut keterampilan peserta didik. Indikator-indikator ini dinyatakan valid dan reliabel dengan nilai koefisien struktural () bervariasi antara 0,78 hingga 0,81, serta nilai reliabilitas konstruk sebesar 0,85. THE CONSTRUCT DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING SYSTEM IN HIGHER VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAbstractLearning system in polytechnic necessary to adapt the current needs in preparing graduates to have jobs with specific applied skills. The research purposes are: (1) describe students' perceptions about the learning system adopted by the lecturer/instructor at the polytechnic, and (2) Obtain a measurement model of learning system in the higher vocational education. The experiment was conducted by non-experimental quantitative approach, using questionnaires. The sample of study was last year students of Bali State Polytechnic in academic year 2009/2010. The sample size was 244, selected using proportional random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitative and confirmatory factor analysis. The research results showed: (1) According to the perceptions of students, the ability of lecturers and instructors to manage learning system in the polytechnics are generally good categorized, (2) the measurement model of learning system in the higher vocational education consists of: learning that learner-centered, learning work-centered, and learning that focuses on developing the attributes of skill. These indicators are valid and reliable with the structural coefficient () varies between 0.78 to 0.81, and construct reliability of 0.85.
Evaluasi pelaksanaan teaching factory SMK di Surakarta
Authors: Fajaryati Nuryake
Published: October 2018

Evaluasi pelaksanaan teaching factory SMK di Surakarta bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pelaksanaan teaching factory SMK di Surakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan evaluasi model formatif-sumatif oleh Scriven yang menekankan pada evaluasi formatif. Populasi penelitian adalah semua SMK di Surakarta yang menjalankan teaching factory berjumlah 9 sekolah dan respondennya adalah 81 guru pengampu kompetensi keahlian yang menjalankan teaching factory di sekolah tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan teaching factory SMK di Surakarta ditinjau dari kegiatan pembelajaran dinyatakan sangat baik (17,28%) oleh 14 guru, baik (39,51%) oleh 32 guru, tidak baik (25,93%) oleh 21 guru, dan sangat tidak baik (17,28%) oleh 14 guru. Sedangkan hasil pelaksanaan teaching factory SMK di Surakarta ditinjau dari proses produksi dinyatakan sangat baik (14,81%) oleh 12 guru, baik (27,16%) oleh 22 guru, tidak baik (44,44%) oleh 36 guru, dan sangat tidak baik (13,58%) oleh 11 guru. AN EVALUATION OF SMK TEACHING FACTORY IN SURAKARTAAn evaluation of the teaching factory implementation in vocational high schools (VHSs) in Surakarta aims to find out he teaching factory implementation process in VHSs in Surakarta. This was a descriptive study with the formative-sumative evaluation model by Scriven emphasizing on the formative evaluation. The population comprised all 9 VHSs in Surakarta carrying out the teaching factory. The respondents were 81 teachers involved in the teaching factory. The results of the evaluation show that the teaching factory in VHSs in Surakarta for the learning activity component is very good (17.28%, 14 respondents), good (39.51%, 32 respondents), poor (25.93%, 21 respondents), and very poor (17.28%, 14 respondents), and for the production proccess component it is very good (14.81%, 12 respondents), good (27.16%, 22 respondents), poor (44.44%, 36 respondents), and very poor (13.58%, 11 respondents).
Pengaruh kinerja mengajar guru, keterlibatan orang tua, aktualisasi diri dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap prestasi
Authors: Junianto Dwi , Wagiran Wagiran
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kinerja mengajar guru, keterlibatan orang tua, aktualisasi diri dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap prestasi siswa kelas XII pada mata pelajaran teori Teknik Kendaraan Ringan di SMK Negeri Se-Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan ex post facto. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 535 siswa dengan sampel sebanyak 237 siswa, yang ditentukan secara proportional random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dua cara yaitu angket dan tes prestasi. Data penelitian yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kinerja mengajar guru, keterlibatan orang tua, aktualisasi diri dan motivasi berprestasi masing-masing sebesar 0,145; 0,128; 0,108; dan 0,098. Kata kunci: kinerja mengajar guru, keterlibatan orang tua, aktualisasi diri, motivasi berprestasi, prestasi belajar THE INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS’ TEACHING PERFORMANCE, PARENTS’ INVOLVEMENT, SELF-ACTUALIZATION, AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION TOWARD ACHIEVEMENTAbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the influence level of teachers’ teaching performance, parents’ involvement, self-actualization and achievement motivation for the twelfth grade students’ achievement on theory subject of Light Vehicle Technology of SMK Negeri in Gunungkidul Regency. This research is quantitative research which uses expost facto design. Population in this research as much as 535 students, with 237 students as respondents specified by proportional random sampling. In getting data, the writer used two techniques; questionnaires and achievement tests. The research data were analyzed using regression analysis. The results of this study show there is influence of the teachers’ teaching performance, parents’ involvement, self-actualization and achievement motivation each 0.145; 0.128; 0.108; and 0.098.
Evaluasi pelaksanaan praktik kerja industri peserta didik program keahlian teknik otomotif SMK Giripuro Sumpiuh
Authors: Arif Umar Nur , Suyanto Wardan
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan Praktik Kerja Industri peserta didik Program keahlian Teknik Otomotif di SMK Giripuro Sumpiuh. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, dokumentasi dan observasi. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang kemudian dianalisis secara diskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Konteks peserta didik menyatakan memahami sebanyak 96 siswa (80%), guru pembimbing sekolah menyatakan memahami sebanyak 5 guru (50%) dan pembimbing industri menyatakan memahami sebanyak 10 pembimbing (83,4%). (2) Input persta didik menyatakan cukup siap sebanyak 58 siswa (48,3%), guru pembimbing sekolah menyatakan siap sebanyak 6 guru (60%) dan pembimbing industri menyatakan siap sebanyak 9 pembimbing (75%). (3) Proses peserta didik menyatakan rajin sebanyak 82 siswa (68,3%), guru pembimbing sekolah menyatakan rajin dan kurang rajin berimbang sebanyak 5 guru pembimbing (50%) dan pembimbing industri menyatakan rajin sebayak 11 pembimbing (91,7%). (4) Produk peserta didik menyatakan baik sebanyak 87 siswa (72,5%). EVALUATION OF WORK PRACTICE OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING PROGRAM VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL GIRIPURO SUMPIUHAbstractThis study aims to determine the implementation of the Industrial Employment Practices of Automotive Engineering Program learner in Vocational school Giripuro Sumpiuh. Techniques of data collection using questionnaires, documentation and observation. Data were collected through a questionnaire which was then analyzed by descriptive quantitative. The results of the study as follows: (1) learner context showed students understand as many as 96 (80%), school counselor show understanding by 5 teachers (50%) and industry mentors demonstrate understanding by 10 counselors (83.4%). (2) Students input showed quite ready by 58 students (48.3%), school counselor stated ready by 6 teachers (60%) and industry mentors show ready by 9 tutors (75%). (3) The process stated diligent learners showed as many as 82 students (68.3%), school counselor showed less diligent and impartial guidance counselor as much as 5 (50%) and industry mentors demonstrate diligent supervisor as many as 11 (91.7%). (4) The product showed good learners as many as 87 students (72.5%)