bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Gi Proteins Protect Against Brain Hypoperfusion and Collateral Failure in Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Castaneda-Vega Salvador , Beer-Hammer Sandra , Leiss Veronika , Napieczyńska Hanna , Vuozzo Marta , Schmid Andreas M. , Zeng Hang , He Yi , Kohlhofer Ursula , Gonzalez-Menendez Irene , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Hempel Johann-Martin , Gollasch Maik , Yu Xin , Pichler Bernd J. , Nürnberg Bernd
Published: September 2022

Cerebral hypoperfusion and vascular dysfunction are closely related to common risk factors for ischemic stroke such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking. The role of inhibitory G protein-dependent receptor (GiPCR) signaling in regulating cerebrovascular functions remains largely elusive. We examined the importance of GiPCR signaling in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its stability after sudden interruption using various in vivo high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques. To this end, we induced a functional knockout of GiPCR signaling in the brain vasculature by injection of pertussis toxin (PTX). Our results show that PTX induced global brain hypoperfusion and microvascular collapse. When PTX-pretreated animals underwent transient unilateral occlusion of one common carotid artery, CBF was disrupted in the ipsilateral hemisphere resulting in the collapse of the cortically penetrating microvessels. In addition, pronounced stroke features in the affected brain regions appeared in both MRI and histological examination. Our findings suggest an impact of cerebrovascular GiPCR signaling in the maintenance of CBF, which may be useful for novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches to prevent and treat cerebrovascular dysfunction and stroke.
SHP2 regulates adipose maintenance and adipocyte-pancreatic cancer cell crosstalk via PDHA1
Authors: Olou Appolinaire A. , Ambrose Joe , Jack Jarrid L. , Walsh McKinnon , Ruckert Mariana T. , Eades Austin E. , Bye Bailey A. , Dandawate Prasad , VanSaun Michael N.
Published: September 2022

Adipocytes are the most abundant cell type in the adipose tissue, and their dysfunction is a significant driver of obesity-related pathologies, such as cancer. The mechanisms that (1) drive the maintenance and secretory activity of adipocytes and (2) mediate the cancer cellular response to the adipocyte-derived factors are not fully understood. To address that gap of knowledge, we investigated how alterations in Src homology region 2-containing protein (SHP2) activity affect adipocyte function and tumor crosstalk. We found that phospho-SHP2 levels are elevated in adipose tissue of obese mice, obese patients, and differentiating adipocytes. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses as well as in-silico protein–protein interaction modeling demonstrated that SHP2 associates with PDHA1, and that a positive association promotes a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-driven adipogenic program. Accordingly, this SHP2-PDHA1-ROS regulatory axis was crucial for adipocyte maintenance and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key cancer-promoting cytokine. Mature adipocytes treated with an inhibitor for SHP2, PDHA1, or ROS exhibited an increased level of pro-lipolytic and thermogenic proteins, corresponding to an increased glycerol release, but a suppression of secreted IL-6. A functional analysis of adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk demonstrated a decreased migration, invasion, and a slight suppression of cell cycling, corresponding to a reduced growth of pancreatic cancer cells exposed to conditioned media (CM) from mature adipocytes previously treated with inhibitors for SHP2/PDHA1/ROS. Importantly, PDAC cell growth stimulation in response to adipocyte CM correlated with PDHA1 induction but was suppressed by a PDHA1 inhibitor. The data point to a novel role for (1) SHP2-PDHA1-ROS in adipocyte maintenance and secretory activity and (2) PDHA1 as a regulator of the pancreatic cancer cells response to adipocyte-derived factors.
Effectiveness of Patient Education and Cognitive Behavioural Treatment as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Migraine in Adults – a Systematic Review
Authors: Meise Ruth , Schwarz Annika , Luedtke Kerstin
Published: September 2022

To evaluate the content of patient education and cognitive behavioural therapy and its effectiveness in the prevention of migraine for adults, a systematic search was conducted in the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. RCTs published in the past 10 years in German or English, reporting on any form of patient education or cognitive behavioural therapy for adult migraineurs, were included. Two reviewers independently searched and evaluated search results. The methodological quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0 independently by two reviewers. Data on content and effectiveness were extracted in a predesigned table. Across 1059 records, 14 studies were eligible, including 2266 participants (82,7% females). Contents of patient education included explanations on the link between thoughts and feelings, information on lifestyle influences on headaches, relaxation techniques and stress management, advice on diet and the benefit of physical activity. In addition, patient education focussed on the pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria of migraine, triggering factors and effective acute or prophylactic drug use. Outcome measures included headache frequency, medication intake, function and disability, as well as psychosocial status. Education reduced migraine frequency and improved quality of life. Effect sizes were small, and contents were heterogeneous. Educational and behavioural approaches can positively influence headache frequency. However, the content, duration and frequency and education formats varied widely. The level of evidence for education and cognitive behavioural therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for migraine is still low. The protocol for the systematic review was registered in the database PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019134463) prior to the data collection.
Paul's Gospel of Divine Self-Sacrifice
Authors: Moser Paul
Published: September 2022

In this book, Paul Moser explains how self-sacrificial righteousness of a reparative kind is at the heart of Paul's gospel of God. He also shows how divine self-sacrifice authenticates that gospel via human reciprocity toward God in reconciliation. A basis for this reciprocity lies in a teaching of ancient Judaism that humans are to reciprocate toward God for the sake of an interpersonal relationship that is righteous and reconciled through voluntary self-sacrifice to God. Moser demonstrates that Paul's gospel calls for faith, including trust, in God as reciprocity in human self-sacrifice toward God. Although widely neglected by interpreters, this theme brings moral and evidential depth to Paul's good news of reparative redemption from God.  Moser's study thus  enables a new understanding of some of the controversial matters regarding Paul's message in a way that highlights the coherence and profundity of his message.
Biblical Aramaic and Related Dialects
Authors: Cook Edward
Published: September 2022

Biblical Aramaic and Related Dialects is a comprehensive, introductory-level textbook for the acquisition of the language of the Old Testament and related dialects that were in use from the last few centuries BCE. Based on the latest research, it uses a method that guides students into knowledge of the language inductively, with selections taken from the Bible, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and papyrus discoveries from ancient Egypt. The volume offers a comprehensive view of ancient Aramaic that enables students to progress to advanced levels with a solid grounding in historical grammar. Most up-to-date description of Aramaic in light of modern discoveries and methods. Provides more detail than previous textbooks. Includes comprehensive description of Biblical dialect, along with Aramaic of the Persian period and of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Guided readings begin with primary sources, enabling students learn the language by reading historical texts.
The Wyman Fragment: A New Edition and Analysis with Radiocarbon Dating
Authors: Stevens Daniel
Published: September 2022

The Wyman Fragment, or 0220, has been a chief and early witness to the text of Romans 4.23–5.3 since the initial publication of the recto in 1952. A 2005 edition of the verso, containing Rom 5.8–13, rendered most of that portion of the manuscript legible for the first time, but has not been widely circulated. In this article I present a new edition and analysis of 0220, a third- or fourth-century manuscript of Rom 4.23–5.13, in light of multispectral imaging and radiocarbon testing performed on the fragment. This edition resolves tensions between previous editions, contextualises the radiocarbon and palaeographic dates, transcribes previously illegible traces, securing additional lines of text, and reveals more work by a second hand than previously noted.
The Reception of Pauline Mysticism: An Ideological Critique
Authors: Tofighi Fatima
Published: September 2022

Paul was a mystic. So claimed scholars from Adolf Deissmann to Albert Schweitzer. Others disagreed, figures no less significant than Rudolf Bultmann, Karl Barth and Ernst Käsemann. The pro-mystic group argued that Paul's theological message was best understood if set within the context of Hellenistic or Jewish mysticism. The anti-mystic group could not tolerate any similarity of that sort, which, in their opinion, would damage Paul's uniqueness. The disagreement among biblical scholars can be traced back to more general misgivings about mysticism in European thought. After surveying the reception history of Paul's mysticism, and relying on the ideological critique of religious studies, I argue that the discomfort with a ‘mystical’ Paul may be attributed to the construction of a rational Christian self, where the ‘mystical’ is othered altogether. In addition to a historical reading of Paul in the context of Jewish mysticism, it may be helpful to read him in comparison with Islamic mysticism. Hence some Pauline passages are compared with passages from Sufi literature.
Politische Sprache, Motive und Kritik im Galaterbrief: Eine Spurensuche
Authors: Schreiber Stefan
Published: September 2022

The article analyses the Epistle to the Galatians with regard to textual elements that can be related to language or political performances in the imperium Romanum. To this end, political interpretations in research are first presented and critically discussed: the alleged persecution in Gal 6.12; gods, elements and the calendar in Gal 4.8–10; and the νόμος as Roman law. In a second step, political models of language and thought from the Roman imperial period in the Epistle to the Galatians are considered: the ‘present evil age’ in Gal 1.4; the idea of a new world-view through the concepts of the ‘Gospel’ and the ‘Son of God’; the cross of Christ as a break from the world; the turn of the ages in Gal 4.1–7; the new community according to Gal 3.28. A conclusion summarises the resulting new world-view and its consequences.
Market concentration and the healthiness of packaged food and non-alcoholic beverage sales across the European single market
Authors: Van Dam Iris , Allais Olivier , Vandevijvere Stefanie
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To assess the relationship between market concentration and diversity, as indicators of market structure, and the healthiness of food and beverage sales across Europe.

Design:

Market share (MS) data per country were used to calculate market concentration, assessed by the four-firm concentration ratio and market diversity, and by the number of companies with ≥1 % MS and the number of companies uniquely present in one European country. The healthiness of food sales was assessed by applying the NOVA classification (level of processing). Simple and multiple linear regressions were performed to assess the relationship between market concentration, diversity and the healthiness of food and beverage sales.

Setting:

The European single market.

Participants:

The twenty-seven European single market member states for which Euromonitor sales data were available at the most fine-grained Euromonitor packaged food and non-alcoholic beverage product subcategory level.

Results:

Increased market concentration with a country and a product category fixed effect significantly predicted increased sales of ultra-processed packaged food products. There was insufficient data variability in the level of processing of non-alcoholic beverage product categories to formulate conclusions for non-alcoholic beverages. Increased market diversity in turn significantly predicted reduced country-level sales of ultra-processed products.

Conclusions:

The results indicated a relationship between market structure and the healthiness of packed food products sold on the European market. However, more research with detailed nutritional data is warranted to document and quantify this interaction.
10Be exposure age dating of Late Quaternary relative sea level changes and deglaciation of W Jura and NE Islay, Scottish Inner Hebrides
Authors: DAWSON Alastair G. , BISHOP Paul , HANSOM James , FABEL Derek
Published: September 2022

New 10Be exposure age dating and geomorphological mapping of emerged shoreline features in W Jura and NE Islay throw new light on the regional pattern of ice sheet deglaciation and late-glacial relative sea level change. We conclude that the oldest and highest emerged shorelines in this area were produced ~15.7–16.3 ka, shortly after ice sheet deglaciation ~16.5 ka. It is envisaged that the first incursion of marine waters into coastal areas took place close to a former ice sheet margin that oscillated in position across this part of the Scottish Inner Hebrides. The first evidence of late-glacial marine sedimentation following deglaciation consists of emerged marine terrace fragments and unvegetated gravel beach ridges, the former represented by a prominent glacio-isostatically tilted shoreline that declines in altitude NE to SW, from ~40 m above ordnance datum (OD) in NW Jura to ~19 m OD in central Islay. In W Jura, north of Loch Tarbert, spectacular staircases of up to 55 unvegetated gravel beach ridges were formed shortly after regional deglaciation, possibly within 1 ka. A preliminary estimate of the average rate of relative sea level lowering across W Jura between deglaciation and the Younger Dryas is in the order of ~7 mmyr−1. Geomorphological evidence from Shian Bay, W Jura, indicates a truncation of the late-glacial beach ridge staircases by a large 480-m-long beach ridge (the Colonsay Ridge) at ~14.9 ka, when former relative sea level was at ~18 m OD. This ridge may represent the product of either a stillstand in the progressive lowering of relative sea level during the late-glacial or a reversal. This raises the intriguing possibility of an association between ridge formation and the timing of the well-established global meltwater pulse 1A between ~14.65 and ~14.8 ka.
Gigantic Jet of Lightning Mapped over Oklahoma
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: September 2022

The most powerful gigantic jet ever recorded fortuitously appeared over a sensor array in Oklahoma, enabling scientists to map the structure of the phenomenon for the first time.
Study on Source Region and Generation Mechanism of Oblique Whistler‐Mode Waves in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Kang Ning , Ke Yangguang , Ma Jiuqi , Tsurutani Bruce , Chen Rui , Chen Huayue
Published: September 2022

Oblique whistler‐mode waves are as important as quasi‐parallel waves in regulating electron dynamics in radiation belts. However, their generation mechanism and corresponding source region are still under debate. By analyzing nearly 7‐year Van Allen Probe‐A data, we have thoroughly investigated lower‐band (<0.5) and upper‐band (>0.5) oblique whistler‐mode waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. We found the majority of poleward propagating oblique waves preferentially occur at relatively larger magnetic latitudes (MLATs), and their favored MLATs are strongly dependent on magnetic local time. Combined with ray tracing simulation results, it is proposed that parallel waves generated at the equator propagate toward poles and turn oblique to the ambient magnetic field, leading to oblique waves detected at large |MLAT|. This propagation effect is the main cause of oblique whistler‐mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere. There also exist some equatorward propagating oblique waves, which are mainly confined within around midnight and considered to be locally excited. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the generation and distribution of oblique whistler‐mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Evidence of genetic overlap and causal relationships between blood-based biochemical traits and human cortical anatomy
Authors: Kiltschewskij Dylan J. , Reay William R. , Cairns Murray J.
Published: September 2022

Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia are commonly associated with structural brain alterations affecting the cortex. Recent genetic evidence suggests circulating metabolites and other biochemical traits play a causal role in many psychiatric disorders which could be mediated by changes in the cerebral cortex. Here, we leveraged publicly available genome-wide association study data to explore shared genetic architecture and evidence for causal relationships between a panel of 50 biochemical traits and measures of cortical thickness and surface area. Linkage disequilibrium score regression identified 191 genetically correlated biochemical-cortical trait pairings, with consistent representation of blood cell counts and other biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), haemoglobin and calcium. Spatially organised patterns of genetic correlation were additionally uncovered upon clustering of region-specific correlation profiles. Interestingly, by employing latent causal variable models, we found strong evidence suggesting CRP and vitamin D exert causal effects on region-specific cortical thickness, with univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization further supporting a negative causal relationship between serum CRP levels and thickness of the lingual region. Our findings suggest a subset of biochemical traits exhibit shared genetic architecture and potentially causal relationships with cortical structure in functionally distinct regions, which may contribute to alteration of cortical structure in psychiatric disorders.
Microglia involvement in sex-dependent behaviors and schizophrenia occurrence in offspring with maternal dexamethasone exposure
Authors: Rim Chan , Park Hyun-Sun , You Min-Jung , Yang Bohyun , Kim Hui-Ju , Sung Soyoung , Kwon Min-Soo
Published: September 2022

Fetal microglia that are particularly sensitive cells to the changes in utero environment might be involved in the sex-biased onset and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. To address this issue, we administered a 50 µg/kg dexamethasone (DEX) to dams subcutaneously from gestational days 16 to 18 and a series of behavioral assessments were performed in the offspring. Prenatal exposure to dexamethasone (PN-DEX) induced schizophrenia (SCZ)-relevant behaviors in male mice and depressive-like behavior in female mice. SCZ-relevant behavioral patterns occurred in 10-week-old (10 W) male mice but not in 4-week-old (4 W) male mice. Microglia in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the striatum (STR) of 10 W males prenatally treated with dexamethasone (10 W PN-DEX-M) showed hyper-ramified morphology and dramatically reduced spine density in mPFC. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that microglia in the mPFC of the 10 W PN-DEX-M group interacted with pre-synaptic Bassoon and post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95) puncta. PN-DEX-M also showed significantly changed dopamine system proteins. However, a testosterone surge during adolescence was not a trigger on SCZ-relevant behavior occurrence in 10 W PN-DEX-M. Furthermore, females prenatally treated with dexamethasone (PN-DEX-F) displayed depressive-like behavior, in addition to HPA-axis activation and inflammatory microglial phenotypes in their hippocampus (HPC). We propose that altered microglial function, such as increased synaptic pruning, may be involved in the occurrence of SCZ-relevant behavior in PN-DEX-M and sex-biased abnormal behavior in the PN-DEX model.
Propranolol blocks osteosarcoma cell cycle progression, inhibits angiogenesis and slows xenograft growth in combination with cisplatin-based chemotherapy
Authors: Solernó Luisina M. , Sobol Natasha T. , Gottardo María F. , Capobianco Carla S. , Ferrero Maximiliano R. , Vásquez Liliana , Alonso Daniel F. , Garona Juan
Published: September 2022

Osteosarcoma is still associated with limited response to standard-of-care therapy and alarmingly elevated mortality rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite multiple efforts to repurpose β-blocker propranolol in oncology, its potential application in osteosarcoma management remains largely unexplored. Considering the unsatisfied clinical needs of this aggressive disease, we evaluated the antitumoral activity of propranolol using different in vitro and in vivo osteosarcoma preclinical models, alone or in addition to chemotherapy. Propranolol significantly impaired cellular growth in β2-adrenergic receptor-expressing MG-63 and U-2OS cells, and was capable of blocking growth-stimulating effects triggered by catecholamines. siRNA-mediated ADRB2 knockdown in MG-63 cells was associated with decreased cell survival and a significant attenuation of PPN anti-osteosarcoma activity. Direct cytostatic effects of propranolol were independent of apoptosis induction and were associated with reduced mitosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and a significant down-regulation of cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1. Moreover, colony formation, 3D spheroid growth, cell chemotaxis and capillary-like tube formation were drastically impaired after propranolol treatment. Interestingly, anti-migratory activity of β-blocker was associated with altered actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In vivo, propranolol treatment (10 mg/kg/day i.p.) reduced the early angiogenic response triggered by MG-63 cells in nude mice. Synergistic effects were observed in vitro after combining propranolol with chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Sustained administration of propranolol (10 mg/kg/day i.p., five days a week), alone and especially in addition to low-dose metronomic cisplatin (2 mg/kg/day i.p., three times a week), markedly reduced xenograft progression. After histological analysis, propranolol and cisplatin combination resulted in low tumor mitotic index and increased tumor necrosis. β-blockade using propranolol seems to be an achievable and cost-effective therapeutic approach to modulate osteosarcoma aggressiveness. Further translational studies of propranolol repurposing in osteosarcoma are warranted.
Evaluation of genetic gains of some quantitative characters in Egyptian cotton cross (Giza 86 × Menoufi) under water deficit stress
Authors: Abd EL-Aty Mohamed S. , Al-Ameer Mohamed A. , Kamara Mohamed M. , Elmoghazy Mohamed M. , Ibrahim Omar M. , AL-Farga Ammar , El-Tahan Amira M.
Published: September 2022

This work was carried out to select cotton genotypes adapted to semi-arid climate conditions cultivated under irrigation for high yields and the standards of the fiber quality properties required by the textile industry. Also to determine the predicted and realized gains from different selection indices to improve some economic characters under water stress conditions. Except for lint percentage and Pressley index, F4 generation reduced PCV and GCV values for all studied characters due to reduction in genetic variability and heterozygosity due to different selection procedures that exhausted a significant part of variability. Except for fiber length and micronaire reading, mean performance in the F4 generation was revealed to be higher than those in the F3 generation for all studied characters. However, micronaire reading was lower (desirable) in F4 than F3 generation. Generally, genotypic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations. Direct selection for lint index (Ped.3) was the most efficient in improving lint cotton yield/plant and bolls/plant. However, the multiplicative index involving all studied characters (I.5) exhibited the highest values for boll weight. Also, the Ped.2 index (direct selection for lint percentage) proved to be the most efficient in improving seed and lint indexes. Direct selection for lint cotton yield/plant (Ped.1) could produce the highest desirable values for lint percentage and seed per boll with a relatively reasonable yield. A selection index involving yield and its components (I.3) is recommended in improving uniformity index, fiber strength, and micronaire reading. The superior five families released from these indices in F4 generation exceeded the better parent for lint cotton yield/plant, bolls/plant, boll weight, seeds/boll, lint index, and reasonable fiber traits. These families could be continued to further generations as breeding material for developing water deficit tolerant genotypes.
Genomic revolution of US weedy rice in response to 21st century agricultural technologies
Authors: Wedger Marshall J. , Roma-Burgos Nilda , Olsen Kenneth M.
Published: September 2022

Weedy rice is a close relative of cultivated rice that devastates rice productivity worldwide. In the southern United States, two distinct strains have been historically predominant, but the 21st century introduction of hybrid rice and herbicide resistant rice technologies has dramatically altered the weedy rice selective landscape. Here, we use whole-genome sequences of 48 contemporary weedy rice accessions to investigate the genomic consequences of crop-weed hybridization and selection for herbicide resistance. We find that population dynamics have shifted such that most contemporary weeds are now crop-weed hybrid derivatives, and that their genomes have subsequently evolved to be more like their weedy ancestors. Haplotype analysis reveals extensive adaptive introgression of cultivated alleles at the resistance gene ALS, but also uncovers evidence for convergent molecular evolution in accessions with no signs of hybrid origin. The results of this study suggest a new era of weedy rice evolution in the United States.
Asymmetric α-spirocyclopropanation of oxindoles and benzofuranones via dynamic kinetic resolution
Authors: Hu Yang , Yuan Jie , Li Zheyao , Zhao Lin , Zhao Jianhong , Yu Xinhong
Published: September 2022

Chiral benzo five-membered heterocyclic spirocyclopropanes are an important class of parent core structures with pharmacological activity. A novel organocatalytic one-pot cascade ether oxidation iminium-ion activation strategy for the asymmetric spirocyclopropylation of benzofuran-2-ones and indolin-2-ones from allyl tert-butyl ethers/ pent-2,4-dienyl ethyl ethers with excellent enantioselectivity (ee% up to > 99) and diastereoselectivity(dr.% up to 91:9) has been developed. This process involves the successful dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic 3-bromobenzofuran-2-ones or 3-bromoindolin-2-ones. Its synthetic application will provide a new aminocatalytic cascade tool for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules.
Targeted land management strategies could halve peatland fire occurrences in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Horton Alexander J. , Lehtinen Jaakko , Kummu Matti
Published: September 2022

Indonesian peatlands and their large carbon stores are under threat from recurrent large-scale fires driven by anthropogenic ecosystem degradation. Although the key drivers of peatland fires are known, a holistic methodology for assessing the potential of fire mitigation strategies is lacking. Here, we use machine learning (convolutional neural network) to develop a model capable of recreating historic fire observations based on pre-fire season parameters. Using this model, we test multiple land management and peatland restoration scenarios and quantify the associated potential for fire reduction. We estimate that converting heavily degraded swamp shrubland areas to swamp forest or plantations can reduce fires occurrence by approximately 40% or 55%, respectively. Blocking all but major canals to restore these degraded areas to swamp forest may reduce fire occurrence by 70%. Our findings suggest that effective land management strategies can influence fire regimes and substantially reduce carbon emissions associated with peatland fires, in addition to enabling sustainable management of these important ecosystems.
Identification of micro- and nanoplastics released from medical masks using hyperspectral imaging and deep learning
Authors: Ishmukhametov Ilnur , Batasheva Svetlana , Fakhrullin Rawil
Published: September 2022

In this study, dark-field microscopy-based hyperspectral imaging augmented with deep learning data analysis was applied for effective visualisation, detection and identification of microplastics released from polypropylene medical masks.
Recent advances in Ti-based MOFs in biomedical applications
Authors: Chen Jinyi , Cheng Fan , Luo Dongwen , Huang Jiefeng , Ouyang Jie , Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh Alireza , Khan M. Shahnawaz , Liu Jianqiang , Peng Yanqiong
Published: September 2022

This study reviews the development of titanium-based MOFs in the therapeutic areas of antibacterial therapy, tumor therapy, anti-inflammatory therapy, and bone injury therapy.
Reliable metal–graphene contact formation process flows in a CMOS-compatible environment
Authors: Elviretti M. , Lisker M. , Lukose R. , Lukosius M. , Akhtar F. , Mai A.
Published: September 2022

A Ni/graphene contact resistance of 110 Ω with a 6 μm wide TLM structure has been achieved in a 200 mm wafer pilot line used for the fabrication of ICs in 0.13/0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technologies.
Effect of albumin coating on the magnetic behavior of Mn ferrite nanoclusters
Authors: Vasilakaki Marianna , Ntallis Nikolaos , Fiorani Dino , Peddis Davide , Trohidou Kalliopi N.
Published: September 2022

Intra-particle & intra-cluster interactions play a major role in the coercive field (HC) & exchange bias field (Hex). Tailoring magnetic properties by selecting an appropriate coating agent and coating procedure paves the way for novel applications.
Employment of Michael addition reactions for the functionalization of carboranes
Authors: Rys Evgeny G. , Alpatova Victoria M. , Kononova Elena G. , Smol’yakov Alexander F. , Moiseev Sergey K. , Ol'shevskaya Valentina A.
Published: September 2022

Triton B-catalyzed Michael reaction as a green chemistry process was used for the functionalization of carbon- and boron-substituted carboranes with α,β-unsaturated nitriles and esters.
Microwave-assisted one-pot two-step imine formation–hetero-Diels–Alder–detosylation/aromatization sequence: direct access to dibenzo[b,h][1,6]naphthyridines
Authors: Jan Gowsia , Kumar Atul , Karuppasamy Muthu , Rajput Diksha , Slathia Nancy , Kapoor Kamal K. , Sridharan Vellaisamy
Published: September 2022

A microwave-assisted, copper-catalyzed, one-pot, two-step synthesis of benzofused[1,6]naphthyridines is established.
Discovery of 4-nitro-3-phenylisoxazole derivatives as potent antibacterial agents derived from the studies of [3 + 2] cycloaddition
Authors: Zhang Yan , Long Zhiwu , Yan Longjia , Liu Li , Yang Lan , Le Yi
Published: September 2022

Thirty-five compounds with phenylisoxazole scaffold were synthesized via [3+2] cycloaddition. After being evaluated against Xoo, Psa and Xac, 4-nitro-3-phenylisoxazole derivatives were found well antibacterial activities.
Efficient second-order nonlinear response and upconversion emission from a wide-bandgap quasi-1D lead bromide perovskite
Authors: Zhou Yunke , Li Wanning , Chen Xiaomei , Li Xiao-Ze , Wang Xiao-Jie , Bai Benfeng , Chen Yu , Fang Hong-Hua
Published: September 2022

In this work, a new quasi-1D lead bromide perovskite with efficient second-harmonic generation and unexpectedly anomalous green PL phenomenon is developed. The second-order NLO coefficient is about 0.1 pm V−1, 1/4 times that of the commercial crystal KH2PO4 (KDP).
Globally stable proportional‐integral‐derivative control for spacecraft pose tracking via dual quaternions
Authors: Peng Xuan , Gong Yupeng
Published: September 2022

Due to the high reliability and simple adjustment, proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control is widely used in practical systems. However, intrinsic non‐linearity of the pose dynamics hinders the design of a PID pose controller. Besides, topological constraints on the rigid body configuration space SE(3) prevent a continuous or a memoryless discontinuous state feedback control from achieving robust global stability. For these two issues, this paper develops a dual quaternion‐based hybrid PID pose tracking control strategy, where the newly introduced integral term can compensate for constant disturbances, and the hysteretic switching‐based hybrid feedback can avoid both unwinding phenomenon and noise sensitivity caused by the topological constraints. In addition, by adjusting the hysteresis width, the proposed hybrid PID controller can also become a continuous or a discontinuous PID controller. The global asymptotic stability in the presence of constant disturbance forces and torques, and robustness to measurement noises are proven by the hybrid system stability theory. Numerical simulations for an earth‐orbiting spacecraft pose tracking mission are conducted to illustrate and compare the performances of the proposed hybrid, continuous and discontinuous PID pose tracking control laws.
Efficiently combining α CenA multi-epoch high-contrast imaging data
Authors: Le Coroller H. , Nowak M. , Wagner K. , Kasper M. , Chauvin G. , Desgrange C. , Conseil S. , Jakob G. , Käufl U. , Leveratto S. , Pantin E. , Siebenmorgen R. , Arsenault R.
Published: September 2022

Context. Keplerian-Stacker is an algorithm capable of combining multiple observations acquired at different epochs by taking into account the orbital motion of a potential planet present in the images to boost the ultimate detection limit. In 2019, a total of 100 h of observation was allocated to Very Large Telescope (VLT) Spectrometer and Imager for the mid-infrared (VISIR) instrument for the New Earths in the α Centauri Region (NEAR) survey, a collaboration between European Southern Observatory (ESO) and Breakthrough Initiatives, to search for low mass planets in the habitable zone of the α Cen AB binary system. A weak signal (S/N ~ 3) was reported around α Cen A, at a separation of ≃ 1.1 au, corresponding to the habitable zone.

Aims. Our study is aimed at determining whether K-Stacker is also capable of detecting the low-mass planet candidate with similar orbital parameters, which was previously found by the NEAR team. We also aim to search for additional potential candidates around a Cen A by utilizing the orbital motion to boost the signal and by generally placing stronger constraints on the presence of other planets in the system.

Methods. We re-analysed the NEAR data using K-Stacker. This algorithm is a brute-force method that is equipped to find planets in observational time series and to constrain their orbital parameters, even if they have remained undetected in a single epoch.

Results. We scanned a total of about 3.5 × 105 independent orbits, among which close to 15% correspond to fast-moving orbits on which planets cannot be detected without taking into account the orbital motion. We found only a single planet candidate that matches the C1 detection reported in Wagner et al. (2021, Nat. Commun., 12, 922). However, since this constitutes a re-analysis of the same data set, more observations will be necessary to confirm that C1 is indeed a planet and not a disk or other data artifact. Despite the significant amount of time spent on this target, the orbit of this candidate remains poorly constrained due to these observations being closely distributed across 34 days. We argue that future single-target deep surveys would benefit from a K-Stacker based strategy, where the observations would be split over a significant part of the expected orbital period to better constrain the orbital parameters.

Conclusions. This application of K-Stacker to high-contrast imaging data in the mid-infrared demonstrates the capability of this algorithm in aiding the search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of the nearest stars with future instruments of the E-ELT, such as METIS.
Analysis of fully discrete finite element methods for 2D Navier–Stokes equations with critical initial data
Authors: Li Buyang , Ma Shu , Ueda Yuki
Published: September 2022

First-order convergence in time and space is proved for a fully discrete semi-implicit finite element method for the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations with L2 initial data in convex polygonal domains, without extra regularity assumptions or grid-ratio conditions. The proof utilises the smoothing properties of the Navier–Stokes equations in the analysis of the consistency errors, an appropriate duality argument, and the smallness of the numerical solution in the discrete L2(0, tm; H1) norm when tm is smaller than some constant. Numerical examples are provided to support the theoretical analysis.
Die Wirkung von Anti-Stress-Bällen auf Stress, Vitalzeichen und den Komfort bei Patienten an der Hämodialyse
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar
Published: September 2022

Patienten, die mit einer Hämodialyse behandelt werden, erleben vielfältige körperliche und psychische Belastungen. Dazu können Ängste, Depressionen, ein Rückzug aus sozialen Beziehungen, der Verlust der Unabhängigkeit sowie Gefühle von Hoffnungslosigkeit gehören. Die psychische Gesundheit wird hierbei direkt vom wahrgenommenen Stress beeinflusst, sodass dem Aneignen von Bewältigungsstrategien eine große Bedeutung zukommt. Frühere Studien zeigten positive Effekte in der Anwendung von Anti-Stress-Bällen, als Methode der Ablenkung und Fokussierung der Aufmerksamkeit, in Bezug auf Angst, Schmerz und weiteren Symptomen in verschiedenen Patientengruppen. Da bisher noch keine Evidenz vorhanden war, war es das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie, die Wirksamkeit der Nutzung von Anti-Stress-Bällen auf Stress, Vitalzeichen und den Komfort bei Patienten an der Hämodialyse zu untersuchen.
Deprescribing: Substitution durch Phytotherapie als Option bei
älteren multimorbiden PatientInnen
Authors: Kraft Karin
Published: September 2022

Bei älteren multimorbiden PatientInnen ist Polypharmazie mit
rezeptpflichtigen Arzneimitteln die Regel. Allerdings sind sie oft gerade bei den
rezeptpflichtigen Arzneimitteln nicht sehr adhärent, weil sie nach dem
Studium der Beipackzettel oder durch Internetforen Angst vor den Nebenwirkungen
haben. Dies gilt z. B. für nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika oder
niedrig dosierte Glukokortikoide. Bei den chemisch definierten psychotropen
Arzneimitteln ist in der Bevölkerung zudem die Angst vor
Abhängigkeit weitverbreitet. Diese Arzneimittel werden deshalb oft von den
PatientInnen ohne Rücksprache mit den behandelnden ÄrztInnen durch
intensiv beworbene Nahrungsergänzungsmittel ersetzt, die bekanntlich nicht
den von den Arzneimitteln geforderten Nachweis von Qualität, Wirksamkeit und
Unbedenklichkeit erbringen müssen. Dass die Qualität aber durchaus
problematisch sein kann, wurde bereits in einigen zurückliegenden Heften der
ZPT erschienenen Publikationen gezeigt, zuletzt zu Produkten aus Heidelbeeren 1. Auch das Problem der Dosierung von nicht
verschreibungspflichtigen Wirksubstanzen ist bisher zu wenig beachtet worden. So
sollte z. B. vermehrt auf additiv bedingte Überdosierungen von
Vitamin D geachtet werden, wenn mehrere Multivitamin- oder
Spurenelementpräparate als Selbstmedikation eingenommen werden. Eine
aktuelle Publikation zu Grüntee-Extrakt zeigt zudem, dass das seit
Jahrzehnten vielgepriesene antioxidative Potenzial von pflanzlichen Inhaltsstoffen,
wie z. B. den Polyphenolen, offenbar differenzierter betrachtet werden muss.
Bislang wurde propagiert, dass die Grüntee-Katechine Sauerstoffradikale
neutralisieren, dadurch Schäden an Zellen oder der DNA verhindern und so dem
Alterungsprozess entgegenwirken. In einer Studie bei Fadenwürmern wurde
aktuell nun gezeigt, dass diese Katechine aber tatsächlich kurzzeitig
pro-oxidativ wirken. Dadurch aktivieren sie – vergleichbar zu
mäßigen Sportaktivitäten oder kalorienreduzierter
Ernährung – Gene, die für die Produktion der antioxidativ
wirksamen körpereigenen Enzyme Superoxid-Dismutase (SOD) und Catalase (CTL)
zuständig sind 2. Hochdosierte
Katechine, die in verschiedenen im Handel befindlichen Produkten erhältlich
sind, hemmen dagegen die Mitochondrien so stark, dass dies zum Zelltod und damit zu
Organschäden führen kann.
Potenziell unangemessene Medikamente (PIM) für ältere
Patienten: Wie werden pflanzliche Arzneimittel beurteilt?
Authors: Kraft Karin
Published: September 2022

Bestimmte Arzneistoffe und Arzneistoffklassen sind potenziell bei älteren
Patienten unangemessen (PIM), insbesondere wegen ihres Nebenwirkungsspektrums.
Sie sollten deswegen abgesetzt und gegebenenfalls ausgetauscht werden. Zur
Unterstützung des oft komplexen Entscheidungsprozesses wurden in vielen
Ländern seit 25 Jahren PIM-Listen entwickelt. In diesem Artikel werden
für Deutschland bzw. den europäischen Raum zur Verfügung
stehende PIM-Listen einschließlich ihres Entwicklungsprozesses und
hinsichtlich enthaltener Aussagen zu Phytotherapie vorgestellt.
Utility of Indocyanine Green Angiography for Preventing Pre-expanded Extended Lower Trapezius Myocutaneous Flap Necrosis: How to Make the Correct Decision for Hypoperfused Areas
Authors: Wang Miao , Zang Mengqing , Zhu Shan , Chen Bo , Li Shanshan , Han Tinglu , Chen Zixiang , Liu Yuanbo
Published: September 2022

Background Designing a skin flap that perfectly covers the anatomical and dynamic territories is challenging. Tissues capturing territories beyond may be insufficiently perfused, and these hypoperfused areas can lead to partial flap necrosis. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is an effective tool for identifying hypoperfused areas. This retrospective study proposes a standardized strategy for managing the hypoperfused areas identified by ICGA in pre-expanded extended lower trapezius myocutaneous (e-LTMC) flaps.

Methods Patients who underwent pre-expanded e-LTMC flap surgery with perfusion assessment using ICGA between June 2016 and January 2022 were identified. A standardized protocol was applied, and patients were divided into four groups according to different management options for hypoperfused areas detected by ICGA. Preoperative and operative variables of interest and postoperative outcomes, including flap necrosis and flap survival length, were collected and analyzed.

Results Sixty-nine flaps were included in the study. No total flap necrosis was observed. Partial necrosis occurred in 10 flaps. Significant differences were observed in the incidence of full-thickness necrosis between the management groups. The incidence of flap necrosis in cases where management relied on ICGA findings was significantly lower than that of cases where management did not rely on ICGA findings. There were no differences in the relative survival length of the flap between cases with and without intervention for the hypoperfused areas.

Conclusion The proposed standard strategy effectively reduced the necrosis rate of the pre-expanded e-LTMC flap, thus it is sensible to act on the ICGA findings. Prophylactic resection of the hypoperfused area should be recommended. Where resection may lead to poor reconstructive outcomes, flap trimming or a second flap should be the preferred option.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Presentations with Mushroom Poisoning: A Report from Turkey
Authors: Özdemir Serdar , Altunok İbrahim , Özkan Abuzer , Algın Abdullah , Akça Hatice Şeyma , Aksel Gökhan , Eroğlu Serkan Emre
Published: September 2022

Background In this study, we investigated the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on emergency department admissions with mushroom poisoning in a tertiary hospital in Turkey.

Materials and Methods This study was conducted as a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the data of patients admitted to the emergency department between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020. The patients diagnosed with the International Classification of Diseases-10 code T62.0 concerning the toxic effect of ingested mushrooms were identified through the computerized medical and laboratory record system of the hospital. The patients' demographic data, presentation seasons, laboratory findings, emergency department outcomes, and mortality due to mushroom poisoning were obtained. To reveal the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department presentations with mushroom poisoning, the means of the pre-pandemic period (2018–2019) and the pandemic period (2020) were compared.

Results The data of a total of 171 patients were included in the final analysis. The number of patients diagnosed with the toxic effect of ingested mushrooms was 96 in 2018, 61 in 2019, and 14 in 2020. There was a 5.6-fold decrease during pandemic period in the number of patients presenting to the emergency department with mushroom poisoning.

Conclusion The decrease in mushroom poisoning cases may be related to the changes in the eating habits of individuals during the pandemic and our study being conducted in a metropolitan city. We recommend that multicenter studies be performed to verify the data obtained from our study and increase their generalizability.
Caries Experience among Children with History of Neonatal Stunting
Authors: Yohana Siska , Indriyanti Ratna , Suryanti Netty , Rahayuwati Laili , Juniarti Neti , Setiawan Arlette S.
Published: September 2022

Objective Children with neonatal growth retardation (defined as birth length <48cm) are at risk for chronic malnutrition that begins before birth and continues into infancy. Stunting can adversely affect a child's growth and development, including oral health itself, and especially the experience of dental caries. This study analyzed the dental caries experience in children with neonatal growth retardation.

Materials
and Methods This was a baseline and 1-year follow-up analysis of a cohort of stunted children in a potential stunting site in Bandung City. Annual data collection included interviews with mothers and dental and anthropometric examinations of children. Descriptive analysis was performed in SPSS.

Statistical Analysis Data were recorded on paper forms and manually entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for later analysis using IBM SPSS (version 23.0). After assessment, descriptive statistics was generated prior to bivariate analysis.

Results Fifty-five children met the inclusion criteria and participated in the 1-year study. Decay, missing, filling teeth (Dmft) was in the intermediate category (4.13) at baseline and fell into the high category (5.16) at 1-year follow-up, although the increase in caries remained in the low category.

Conclusion Dysplastic children with a history of neonatal developmental delay experience dental caries beginning in the first year of life and may become more severe later in life.
Operando transmission electron microscopy could revolutionize battery technology
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: September 2022

Highlighting recent developments of a technique that’s helping to create more efficient rechargeable batteries
Dipole and quadrupole nonparaxial solitary waves
Authors: Saha Naresh , Roy Barnana , Khare Avinash
Published: September 2022

The cubic nonlinear Helmholtz equation with third and fourth order dispersion and non-Kerr nonlinearity, such as the self steepening and the self frequency shift, is considered. This model describes nonparaxial ultrashort pulse propagation in an optical medium in the presence of spatial dispersion originating from the failure of slowly varying envelope approximation. We show that this system admits periodic (elliptic) solitary waves with a dipole structure within a period and also a transition from a dipole to quadrupole structure within a period depending on the value of the modulus parameter of a Jacobi elliptic function. The parametric conditions to be satisfied for the existence of these solutions are given. The effect of the nonparaxial parameter on physical quantities, such as amplitude, pulse width, and speed of the solitary waves, is examined. It is found that by adjusting the nonparaxial parameter, the speed of solitary waves can be decelerated. The stability and robustness of the solitary waves are discussed numerically.