bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De nieuwe sociale kwestie gewikt en gewogen: een kritische analyse van een academisch modebegrip
Authors: Manssens Jan
Published: May 2023

The past few years we have witnessed a proliferation of the New Social Question concept, sometimes referring to very different points of view. The article tries to take stock of the Belgian debate on the New Social Question and, more specifically, seeks to clarify the conceptual validity of the different perspectives at hand. These perspectives are questioned on their face-validity and on their level of theoretical congruence. This results in the elimination of some. Taking Rosanvallon’s notion of increased predictability of social risk as its core, the author argues for a more limited interpretation of the New Social Question. While recognizing the academic relevance of such a concise concept, the article concludes with a list of questions to be adressed in order to clarify and strengthen the concept.
Een nieuwe blik op achtergestelde buurten in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
Authors: Jacobs Dirk , Swyngedouw Marc
Published: May 2023

In their study of the 1991 Census, the team of social geographer Kesteloot has used the number of Turks and Moroccans, the number of single households and the number of blue collar workers as main indicators to distinguish disfavoured neighbourhoods. In this article theoretical and methodological objections are raised in response to this approach, in order to trace disfavoured neighbourhoods in the Region of Brussels Capital, an alternative method is put forward. This method allows to set up a ranking of disfavoured neighbourhoods. Disfavoured neighbourhoods often appear to be neighbourhoods with high concentration of immigrants, but this essentially because of the high correlation between concentration of immigrants and unemployment. There are, however, some interesting exceptions to this general pattern, While these remarkable exceptions risk to go unnoticed in the classical approach, they clearly come to the fore when using the alternative method.
Waarom polemisering?: het parlementaire debat over lokaal kiesrecht voor vreemdelingen in Nederland en België in de jaren zeventig en tachtig
Authors: Jacobs Dirk
Published: May 2023

In the seventies and eighties there was ardent parliamentary debate over local enfranchisement of foreign residents in both Belgium and the Netherlands. When comparing both debates, it is striking that in the Netherlands there was an explicit consensus created not to polarise regarding the issue (thus keeping the ideas of the extreme-rightwing parties out of the debate), while in Belgium there was polarisation, In this way stances that could legitimise or strengthen (latent) racism and ethnocentrism were consciously avoided in the Dutch debate, while the Belgian debate was partly transformed into an electoral struggle over the anti-immigrant vote. This had a crucial effect on the process of formation of discourse coalitions leading to the respective policies of both countries. I formulate a tentative explanation of how the divergent developments of polarisation around the enfranchisement issue can be understood, by pointing out the indirect (discursive) influence of the colonial history and its relations to ideas on national identity.
Extreem-rechts en politieke aliënatie: Een causaal mysterie? Case-Study: Het Vlaams Blok
Authors: Thijssen Peter
Published: May 2023

Since the upsurge of the so-called ’third wave' of right-wing extreraism many researchers have addressed the question to what extent the success of these kind of parties is grounded in diffuse feelings of political alienation. Unfortunately these inquiries did not produce unequivocal answers. As a matter of fact some of the findings are clearly contradictory. In the first part of this article we will establish that these divergences are largely attributable to alternative conceptualisations and operationalisations. In the second part of the article we will question the validity of the conventional causal direction, namely from 'feelings of alienation' to 'voting for an extreme-right wing party'. We will show that it might be very fruitful to reverse this relationship. In this respect we will test to what extent repeatedly voting for an extreme-right wing party such as the Vlaams Blok in Belgium actually produces feelings of'external political powerlessness'.
Het nieuwe consumentisme: een essay over vergelijkingsgedrag, sociale ongelijkheid en de bedreiging van ons welbevinden
Authors: Schor Juliet
Published: May 2023

In this essay, it is argued that during the past decades consumption behaviour has changed dramatically in the United States and other Western societies. The traditional horizontal pattern of comparing with other consumers, has been abandoned in favour of a more vertical pattem, where consumers tend to compare with high income groups. This evolution has had profound consequences on consumption pattems and on the well-being of consumers. While consumer aspirations have risen substantially, for most middle class people actual buying power has risen but marginally. The essay also explores how these changes affect the study of contemporary society and consumer behaviour.
De kanselierbonus in de Vlaamse pers: een onderzoek naar regering en oppositie in drie Vlaamse kranten (1991-2000)
Authors: De Swert Knut , Walgrave Stefaan
Published: May 2023

Governing parties and politicians have - generally speaking - higher news value than other politicians, because they can do something in reality, while others are convicted to producing discourse about how they want things to be done. Nevertheless, international research shows that these benefïts do not automatically result in a constant high level of media-exposure. It depends. This article distinguishes between three media-bonuses: the governing party bonus (extra attention for the parties in government), the cabinet-bonus (extra media-attention for the ministers and secretaries of state) and the chancellor bonus (extra media-attention for the prime minister). The bonuses of the last four Belgian governments are put in comparative perspective, and finally a media-exposure index is composed, to get a grasp of the differences in media-exposure between the prime minister, members of government, members of parliament, chairmen of the political parties, etc.
Een 'framing' analyse over de Kosovo-oorlog in de Nederlandse pers
Authors: De Landtsheer Christ'l , Palmer Jerry , Middleton Dave
Published: May 2023

This study deals with Kosovo war reporting in The Netherlands. It is a first attempt at exploring the possibilities of framing theory for examining the role of news media in the Kosovo-conflict. The details of the analytic scheme are 'purpose-built' for this study. Data were collected from a representative sample of the daily press (January 1- June 30, 1999) by way of a (quantitative semantic) content analysis and a (quantitative pragmatic) reception analysis. In addition to the results we collected from published opinion-polls on the subject we undertook a small survey by way of snowball and Street questionnaires. Within the limitations of our study we can conclude that all survey data are in line with the newspaper content and reception data. The content and reception data show that the Dutch press emphasized "political frames" rather than "military frames" in order to describe the conflict from a NATO point- of view, while it used the "civil" ("humanitarian") frame for blaming agents other than NATO. The Dutch press suffered from one-sidedness in favor of NATO and a majority of the Dutch population supported the NATO-intervention in Kosovo, before, during, and after the conflict. As a consequence, our data indicate that the efforts of NATO to control media frames and public opinion have been extremely succesful in the Dutch case. Additional data that were collected for the UK and Italy Abstracts 631 suggest that these NATO efforts may have been also effective for the UK but certainly less effective for Italy.
Een kwarteeuw over armoede en sociale uitsluiting
Authors: Vranken Jan
Published: May 2023

In this essay, the author reviews 25 years of sociological research on poverty and social exclusion in Flanders. He does so in following two lines: what has been published on these matters (and on social inequality in general) in the “Tijdschrift voor Sociologie” (the Flemish Journal of sociology) and what were the main developments in the 'outer world'? As the editor of the “Jaarboek Armoede en Sociale Uitsluiting” since 1992, he uses this Yearbook on Poverty and Social Exclusion as a kind of shorthand for 'the outer world'. His main conclusion is that a soft form of paradigmatic shift has occurred somewhere in the 90s, replacing the dominant income approach by a multidimensional approach and by introducing new research methods (qualitative research and network analysis).
Sport en inburgering: een empirische analyse van de relatie tussen sportbeoefening en sociaal kapitaal
Authors: Scheerder Jeroen , Pauwels Guy , Vanreusel Bart
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between active involvement in sports and social capital. Is sports participation a means for social differentiation or does it provide the opportunity for people from different social class locations to meet each other? Do people prefer informal forms of sports participation instead of club-organised participation forms? To what extent do sports participants’ social attitudes differ from those of non-participants? Cross-sectional data from the APS and PF/SBV surveys are used to examine sports participation patterns in Flanders from the late 70’s to date. The results indicate that over the last two decades the intrest in active involvement in club-organised sports has not started to dwindle and that social differences have slightly decreased. We found a negative association between active participation in sports and anti-social attitudes. From a policy perspective it is concluded that sports participation can be significant in social cohesion processes.
De combinatie van arbeid en zorg bij moeders met een prematuur kind
Authors: Vluymans Chris
Published: May 2023

Studies have established that premature childbirth has major consequences in the way mothers experience their role. They live through intense feelings of which the most important are loss, guilt and anxiety. This article investigates the effects that experience has on the preferences and choices in combining la bour and care. The analysis is based on qualitative research. The research results indicate that premature childbirth leads mothers to a very uniform pattern of preferences and choices for the combination of labour and care in the initial post maternity period. They revert to the traditional image of “ideal motherhood”, although due to very specific circumstances, they experience huge difficulties in reaching this ideal. Based on the experience of the actual choice, a typology of mothers of a prematurely born child is composed.
Brier, frikandel en voetbal: lidmaatschap van sportverenigingen, vriendschappen, kennissenkringen en veralgemeend vertrouwen
Authors: van der Meulen Ruud
Published: May 2023

This article examines the effect of sports club membership on social distance. Data are used from the Dutch Familiy Surcey 2003, a large-scale survey with retrospective information on sports club membership careers of more than two thousand adults. First, logistic regression analyses show that ever-members compared to never-members are more likely to have large acquaintance networks and are more likely to display generalized trust. Controlled for other variables, like education and religious participation, only the difference with respect to having many acquaintances remains significant. Next, differences between ever-members are examined regarding career circumstances: influences of co-members, activities, and contact histories. Sporting with previously unknown others increases the likelihood of having large acquaintance networks. So does socializing in the sports canteen. Longstanding membership careers are associated with higher trust levels. Surprisingly, those members who quitted their career in the distant past are more trusting than current members. Notably, team members and solo members are equally connected.
Ongelijkheid en segregatie in het onderwijslandschap: effecten op etnocentrisme
Authors: Spruyt Bram
Published: May 2023

This article investigates differences in the composition of Flemish pupil groups with regards to ‘risk characteristics’ that promote ethnocentric attitudes. Pupil groups are compared on a broad range of social, economic and cultural characteristics and these aggregated group characteristics are transformed into one measure which reflects the presence of pupils that share risk characteristics promoting ethnocentrism. Differences between the groups are considerable, especially those between the educational tracks. A strong presence of pupils sharing ethnocentric risk characteristics has an independent effect on pupils’ attitudes towards immigrants. Within groups with a high degree of ethnocentric risk characteristics, pupils report more negative attitudes towards immigrants than within groups with fewer of those characteristics, and this regardless of their own individual characteristics. Autochthonous students from ethnically-mixed pupil groups also report less negative attitudes towards immigrants than autochthonous pupils from groups with a high degree of ethnic homogeneity.
Bourdieu, habitus en omnivoriteit
Authors: Zeedijk Jelle , Smits Tim
Published: May 2023

In this article we want to evaluate the concept of ‘cultural omnivorousness’ that was coined by R.A. Peterson and has since been tested by sociologists all over the world, in Flanders as well (Vander Stichele & Laermans). It is said that omnivorousness is more suited to social reality as we know it than Bourdieu’s distinction-theory, with its homology of taste and social class; Bourdieu’s habitus concept is said to be useless for empirical research. The authors plead for a rereading of Bourdieu’s works, after an investigation of what critics believe to be the problem with the concept of habitus. Surprisingly it’s the habitus that can revive the research on omnivorousness, that has run dry because of its too formalist approach. After the first, theoretical part we conclude in the last paragraph with a short outline of two lines of research that both show that Bourdieu’s theory still has great critical explanatory power for the social reality in Flanders today.
Is er sociale zekerheid op andere planeten?
Authors: Van den Bosch Karel
Published: May 2023

The question in the title of this essay seems farfetched, but is a way to look at the preconditions for social security at a very general level. Primitive single-cell organisms are probably relatively common in the galaxy, but it is highly unlikely that it has developed to the stage of intelligent life at any other planet besides Earth. If such intelligent aliens exist, they are likely to need some sort of social security. It is uncertain, however, if they are able to realise the social preconditions for the development of social security. In particular, it is difficult to answer the question whether they will create nation-states with sufficient control over their populations.
Op een onbeschreven blad: enkele lang gekoesterde bedenkingen over migratie, armoede, opstand en solidariteit
Authors: Martens Albert
Published: May 2023

The text of the TvS Essay 2012 is the Keynote Speech held by Prof. Dr. Albert Martens (KU Leuven) at the conference ‘The Prism of Poverty’, on the occasion of the publication in 2011 of the yearly report on poverty (Jaarboek 2011 “Armoede en Sociale Uitsluiting”), Antwerp, 6 December 2011.
Levenslooptrajecten en het pensioeninkomen van gescheiden gepensioneerde vrouwen
Authors: Peeters Hans , Debels Annelies , Vandenplas Hugo , Mutsaerts Anke
Published: May 2023

This article investigates the impact of socio-demographic life course variables on pension incomes of divorced women who received a pension for the first time in 2005. It uses administrative population-level data from the Belgian Pension and National Register, which have been linked in the Datawarehouse Labour Market and Social Protection. Our regression analyses show that women who were married for a longer time receive lower first pillar pensions and have access to second pillar pensions less often. Among divorced women with children, both having more than two children and caring for young children outside the marriage lead to lower first pillar pensions and to lower chances of a second pillar pension. Even though the explanatory power of these socio-demographic variables remains limited as compared to other variables such as the scheme in which pension rights have been built, it does contribute to a better understanding of the variation of pension income within schemes and within this cohort of divorced women.
Is de culturele omnivoor een sociale omnivoor: netwerkkenmerken van omni- vs. univoren.
Authors: Vlegels Jef , Lievens John
Published: May 2023

The social stratification of cultural taste patterns is a well studied topic in cultu¬ral sociology. Inspired by Bourdieus’ classical work: La Distinction, the conversion between economic and cultural capital gets a lot of attention. However, much less is known about the importance of social networks for explaining cultural variety. Even though classical cultural sociologists acknowledge in general terms that culture is embedded in a dynamic structure of social interactions, only few empirical studies investigate the link between social networks and cultural capital. We contribute to this area of research by combining social network theory with recent developments in cultural sociology. More specifically, we use the ‘Cultural Participation in Flanders 2003-2004 survey’ to test the homology between the structure of social networks (in terms of network size, -heterogenity and tie strength) and cultural omnivorousness (based on music preferences). Our results indicate that there is an interdependent link between social network structure and cultural omnivorousness. Furthermore, they show the importance of social networks for cultural sociology in general.
Gezinsverplichtingen in de vroege arbeidsloopbaan: werk- en gezinstrajecten van jongvolwassenen in Vlaanderen
Authors: Koelet Suzana , De Valk Helga , Glorieux Ignace , Laurijssen Ilse , Willaert Didier
Published: May 2023

This article examines the diverse ways in which young adults develop both their professional careers and family lives in the early years after leaving school. Building a career and starting a family often occur simultaneously in this stage of life. By studying the developments in these life domains simultaneously, we contribute to a better understanding of this complex interplay. The data come from the Flemish SONAR survey and include 1,657 young adults born in 1976. These young adults were interviewed about their education, entry and first years on the labour market and union and family formation at ages 23, 26 and 29. Sequence analysis is applied to study the timing of union formation and having children, as well as how this relates to the work career. The result shows diverse work-family trajectories among these young adults. The findings from multinomial regression analyses indicate that these trajectories are determined by different dimensions of the educational career (duration, level, field of study). Education nevertheless is less relevant for men than for women. Men’s trajectories are more determined by the first job. The simultaneous approach to work and family in a life-course analysis brings the differences in the life paths of young adults clearly to the fore. It also shows how men can enjoy a more favorable run-up in the development of their careers than women, as the timing of family transitions occurs later in their working lives.
Het meten van beleidscontroverse en polarisatie met "discoursnetwerkanalyse: de case van het abortusdebat in de Belgische Kamer" (1972-1990)
Authors: Muller Allan
Published: May 2023

It is sometimes said that the societal debate on a policy issue has become polarized. Most social scientists have an implicit understanding of this expression. But social science lacks formal and objective techniques to measure the evolution of political or societal debates on a policy issue. How does one know for sure whether a debate is polarizing or whether it evolves in the direction of consensus? To what degree has a debate polarized? What is the distance between the protagonists? This article attempts to fill this gap in the methodological knowledge of the social sciences by presenting a method for the formal measurement of dynamics of policy conflict by analysing discourse. The method is based on a combination of content analysis and social network analysis. In this article, it will be exemplified by the analysis of the historical debate on abortion in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives (1972-1990).
Symbolische grenzen (be)grijpen: een bespreking en illustratie van relationele en correlationele klasseanalyse
Authors: Peters Julia , Daenekindt Stijn , Roose Henk
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we discuss and illustrate Relational and Correlational Class Analysis (RCA and CCA). Both recently developed statistical techniques introduce a radically different way of dealing with survey data. They allow to reveal ‘elusive’ classification schemes. Both techniques do not group individuals, as is usually done, on the basis of values on a set of variables, but on how an individual’s different values relate to one other. RCA and CCA are thus able to uncover symbolic boundaries that people employ implicitly. We discuss both techniques and compare them with related, and more common, statistical techniques. We then illustrate CCA based on an analysis of evaluations of pictured artworks (n = 2824) and find four different classification schemes. The distinctiveness of each scheme stems from the way in which preferences relate to one another. In one scheme, respondents prefer all works of art equally. In other words, they do not perceive any symbolic boundaries between the artworks. However, clear symbolic boundaries are drawn in the other schemes, such as the one in which people appreciate landscape paintings differently from all other works of art. Finally, we also find two schemes in which respondents contrast classical works with modern works. Our findings show that symbolic boundaries are also drawn within legitimate art, and that people systematically differ in what boundaries they perceive and consider relevant.
Kunt u mij helpen?: intersectionele praktijktesten naar alledaagse discriminatie tijdens het winkelen in Vlaanderen en Brussel
Authors: Bourabain Dounia
Published: May 2023

Although we live in a society that likes to picture itself as antiracial and gender equal, research has shown that subtle and covert forms of discrimination persist and affect the everyday life of women and ethnic minorities. This study investigates everyday discrimination while shopping in clothing stores of different price ranges from an intersectional perspective looking at the crossroads of domination, namely ethnicity and gender. To objectively measure discrimination, we made use of situation testing, in 301 clothing stores in Belgium. With this unique data, net discrimination rates as well as multilevel analysis were executed. Results show that customers with a Maghrebian background receive unfavourable treatment in comparison with their Belgian counterparts when they ask for a specific clothing size. They receive less assistance in the search for the specifc garment. Furthermore, they are greeted or approached less often and are also more frequently stared at and followed by the salesclerk. Gender follows a specific pattern. Firstly, men are significantly more greeted and approached than women within both Maghrebian and Belgian groups. Secondly, men are more stared at and followed by the shop assistant, but this is only significant for the Maghrebian group. Lastly, there is no significant difference in receiving help between men and women within both groups. In general, the intensity and form of ethnic discrimination tends to be subtler and lower in high-end than low-end stores.
Marginaliteit, etniciteit en straf in de neoliberale stad: een analytische cartografie
Authors: Wacquant Loïc
Published: May 2023

Dit artikel schetst een analytische kaart van het onderzoeksprogramma dat ik doorheen mijn drie boeken Urban Outcasts (2008), Punishing the Poor (2009) en Deadly Symbiosis: Race and Rise of the Penal State (2013) heb gevolgd. In deze trilogie ontwar ik de driehoekige vervlechting van klassenfragmentatie, etnische divisie en staatsvorming in de polariserende stad aan het begin van de 21ste eeuw. Daarmee hoop ik een verklaring te bieden voor de politieke productie, de socio-ruimtelijke distributie en het penale management van marginaliteit en dat via het huwelijk van een disciplinerend sociaal beleid en een neutraliserend strafrecht. Ik geef aan hoe ik sleutelbegrippen van Pierre Bourdieu (sociale ruimte, bureaucratisch veld, symbolische macht) toepaste om troebele categorieën (zoals het getto) te verhelderen en nieuwe concepten smeedde (territoriale stigmatisering en gevorderde marginaliteit, penale en liberaal paternalisme, hyper-opsluiting en negatieve sociodicee) als instrumenten voor een comparatieve sociologie van de onvoltooide genese van het post-industriële precariaat, de penale regulering van armoede in tijden van groeiende sociale onzekerheid en de constructie van de neoliberale Leviathan. Het samenbrengen van de studies naar de transformaties van klasse, etniciteit, immigratie en de staat binnen één analytisch kader toont aan hoe de racialisering, de penalisering en de depolitisering van stedelijke onrusten, die samenhangen met gevorderde marginaliteit, elkaar versterken, binnen West-Europa net als in de Verenigde Staten. Het bevestigt dat bestraffing niet enkel een centrale indicator van sociale solidariteit is, zoals Durkheim voorstelde, maar tevens een kerncapaciteit en centrale arena is voor het tentoonspreiden van de soevereiniteit van de staat als classificerende en stratifcerende actor. En het onthult de diepe verwantschap tussen ras en juridische sanctie als verbonden vormen van officiële oneer die samenkomen in de creatie van publieke paria’s.
Strategieën om politiek en privé met elkaar te verzoenen: Vlaamse lokale mandaathouders
Authors: Meier Petra , Mortelmans Dimitri , Emery Laura
Published: May 2023

This article studies how local politicians combine work and family with their political activity. Local political office is often not a fulltime function and requires the combination with another professional activity. In combination with a family, local politicians combine three life spheres. The data consists of 259 in-depth interviews with local Flemish politicians conducted in 2013. They show the predominance of the political sphere, and which is more difficult to combine with family responsibilities than with another professional activity. Local politicians develop a number of strategies to manage the combination of the different spheres, like downsizing work and family duties, but also segmenting the different spheres so as to have politics not spill over into family life and blocking time for the latter. Finally, a gender pattern emerges from the data. Women local politicians find it harder to downsize family duties than their male colleagues, who leave the management of and care for the family sphere to their partner.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards Needle-stick Injuries among Nurses in a Public Hospital, Malaysia
Authors: Jheffany Yazid  , Raja Yaakub Raja Mek , Suzana binti Yusof  , Angga Wilandika
Published: May 2023

Needle-stick injuries (NSI) pose a significant occupational hazard for nurses worldwide. With appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), the occurrence of NSI can be minimized. This study aimed to assess the KAP of Malaysian public hospital nurses towards NSI. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 208 nurses who completed self-administered questionnaires measuring NSI KAP. Results showed that most nurses had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards NSI. The study recommends NSI education, including handwashing, post-prophylaxis, and safe work practices, to increase KAP and reduce NSI incidence among Malaysian public hospital nurses.
A Novel and Integrated Digitally Supported System of Care for Depression and Anxiety: Findings From an Open Trial
Authors: Wolitzky-Taylor Kate , LeBeau Richard , Arnaudova Inna , Barnes-Horowitz Nora , Gong-Guy Elizabeth , Fears Scott , Congdon Eliza , Freimer Nelson , Craske Michelle
Published: May 2023

Background

The global burden of anxiety and depression has created an urgent need for scalable approaches to increase access to evidence-based mental health care. The Screening and Treatment for Anxiety and Depression (STAND) system of care was developed to meet this need through the use of internet-connected devices for assessment and provision of treatment. STAND triages to level of care (monitoring only, digital therapy with coaches, digital therapy assisted by clinicians in training, and clinical care) and then continuously monitors symptoms to adapt level of care. Triaging and adaptation are based on symptom severity and suicide risk scores obtained from computerized adaptive testing administered remotely.

Objective

This article discusses how the STAND system of care improves upon current clinical paradigms, and presents preliminary data on feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of STAND in a sample of US-based university students.

Methods

US-based university students were recruited and enrolled in an open trial of the STAND system of care. Participants were triaged based on initial symptom severity derived from a computerized adaptive test and monitored over 40 weeks on anxiety, depression, and suicide risk to inform treatment adaptation and evaluate preliminary effectiveness.

Results

Nearly 5000 students were screened and 516 received care. Depression and anxiety severity scores improved across all tiers (P<.001 in all cases). Suicide risk severity improved in the highest tier (ie, clinical care; P<.001). Acceptability and feasibility were demonstrated.

Conclusions

STAND is a feasible and acceptable model of care that can reach large numbers of individuals. STAND showed preliminary effectiveness on all primary outcome measures. Current directions to improve STAND are described.
Can OpenEHR, ISO 13606, and HL7 FHIR Work Together? An Agnostic Approach for the Selection and Application of Electronic Health Record Standards to the Next-Generation Health Data Spaces (Preprint)
Authors: Pedrera-Jiménez Miguel , García-Barrio Noelia , Frid Santiago , Moner David , Boscá-Tomás Diego , Lozano-Rubí Raimundo , Kalra Dipak , Beale Thomas , Muñoz-Carrero Adolfo , Serrano-Balazote Pablo
Published: May 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

In order to maximize the value of electronic health records (EHRs) for both health care and secondary use, it is necessary for the data to be interoperable and reusable without loss of the original meaning and context, in accordance with the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) principles. To achieve this, it is essential for health data platforms to incorporate standards that facilitate addressing needs such as formal modeling of clinical knowledge (health domain concepts) as well as the harmonized persistence, query, and exchange of data across different information systems and organizations. However, the selection of these specifications has not been consistent across the different health data initiatives, often applying standards to address needs for which they were not originally designed. This issue is essential in the current scenario of implementing the European Health Data Space, which advocates harmonization, interoperability, and reuse of data without regulating the specific standards to be applied for this purpose. Therefore, this viewpoint aims to establish a coherent, agnostic, and homogeneous framework for the use of the most impactful EHR standards in the new-generation health data spaces: OpenEHR, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 13606, and Health Level 7 (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). Thus, a panel of EHR standards experts has discussed several critical points to reach a consensus that will serve decision-making teams in health data platform projects who may not be experts in these EHR standards. It was concluded that these specifications possess different capabilities related to modeling, flexibility, and implementation resources. Because of this, in the design of future data platforms, these standards must be applied based on the specific needs they were designed for, being likewise fully compatible with their combined functional and technical implementation.
Assessing the Effectiveness of STAPP@Work, a Self-Management Mobile App, in Reducing Work Stress and Preventing Burnout: Single-Case Experimental Design Study (Preprint)
Authors: Demirel Sevda , Roke Yvette , Hoogendoorn Adriaan W , Hoefakker Jamie , Hoeberichts Kirsten , van Harten Peter N
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Work-related stress and burnout remain common problems among employees, leading to impaired health and higher absenteeism. The use of mobile health apps to promote well-being has grown substantially; however, the impact of such apps on reducing stress and preventing burnout is limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of STAPP@Work, a mobile-based stress management intervention, on perceived stress, coping self-efficacy, and the level of burnout among mental health employees.

METHODS

The study used a single-case experimental design to examine the use of STAPP@Work among mental health employees without a known diagnosis of burnout (N=63). Participants used the app for 1 week per month repeatedly for a period of 6 months. Using a reversal design, the participants used the app 6 times to assess replicated immediate (1 week after use) and lasting (3 weeks after use) effects. The Perceived Stress Scale, the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Burnout Assessment Tool were used to measure the outcomes. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

After 6 months of app use for 1 week per month, the participants showed a statistically significant decrease in perceived stress (b=–0.38, 95% CI –0.67 to –0.09; P=.01; Cohen d=0.50) and burnout symptoms (b=–0.31, 95% CI –0.51 to –0.12; P=.002; Cohen d=0.63) as well as a statistically significant improvement in problem-focused coping self-efficacy (b=0.42, 95% CI 0-0.85; P=.049; Cohen d=0.42). Long-term use of the app provided consistent reductions in burnout symptoms over time, including in the level of exhaustion and emotional impairment.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of an app-based stress management intervention has been shown to reduce burnout symptoms and enhance coping self-efficacy among mental health workers. Prevention of burnout and minimization of work-related stress are of utmost importance to protect employee health and reduce absenteeism.
Application of Grouting Water Plugging Technology in Enriched Water Mountain Tunnel
Authors: Tianxiong Dong , Yuewen Deng , Gaoyuan Qi
Published: May 2023

In the expressway built in Chongqing northeast region, the tunnel occupies a large proportion in the total mileage. Long mountain tunnels with large buried depth and complex geological conditions are common in this area, which are prone to water gusher disasters during construction, which seriously threaten the construction quality and affect the operation of the expressway after it is completed and opened to traffic. In this paper, Jixinling Tunnel under construction in Wuzhen Expressway is taken as an example. Combined with advanced geological forecast data and site conditions, appropriate grouting materials and reasonable and feasible construction technology are selected for the surrounding advanced curtain grouting reinforcement and water plugging treatment, which effectively controls the water gushing disaster of the tunnel and ensures the safety of the construction process. It can provide some reference for the treatment of water gushing disease in mountain tunnel under similar geological conditions.
Research on the Innovation of Education Content for Strengthening the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community in the Western Region
Authors: Fei Yang
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to study the content innovation of cultivating the awareness of Chinese national community in the western region. Firstly, it elaborates on the definition and connotation of Chinese national community awareness, and then analyzes the current situation and existing problems of Chinese national community awareness education in the western region. On this basis, the necessity of innovating the content of education on strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community in the western region was explored, and corresponding strategies were proposed. These strategies will help promote the development of community awareness education for the Chinese nation in the western region, enhance the cohesion and unity consciousness of the Chinese nation, and promote the economic and social development of the western region.
Stress and Well-Being amongst Young Adults with Chronically Ill Parents
Authors: Chakraborty Rimi Krishnan , Waraich Dr. Sushmita Biswal
Published: May 2023

Abstract: This study examines the levels of stress and wellbeing among young adults with chronically ill parents, aiming to understand the impact of caregiving responsibilities on their mental health and overall wellbeing. The hypothesis posits that higher levels of perceived stress among young adults caring for chronically ill parents will be associated with lower levels of general wellbeing. The research objectives include assessing stress and wellbeing, comparing these levels between caregivers and non-caregivers, examining the relationship between perceived stress and general wellbeing, identifying contributing factors to stress, and providing insights into the mental health needs of young adults with chronically ill parents. The sample consists of 100 young adults aged 18 to 30 years, recruited using non-probability purposive sampling techniques from various parts of India. Participants were required to have at least one chronically ill parent. The study utilizes the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and General Wellbeing Inventory (GWI) to assess stress levels and overall wellbeing among participants. Correlational was employed to examine the relationship between perceived stress and general wellbeing. The results indicate that young adults with chronically ill parents experience higher levels of perceived stress and lower levels of general wellbeing compared to their peers without chronically ill parents. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was found between perceived stress and general wellbeing, confirming that higher levels of stress are associated with lower levels of wellbeing. The study also examined factors contributing to stress among young adult caregivers, such as the severity of the parent's illness, the duration of caregiving, and the availability of social support. Findings suggest that physical illnesses in parents result in higher stress levels compared to mental illnesses. Furthermore, problem-focused coping strategies, such as seeking information and social support, were found to be more effective in reducing stress and promoting wellbeing compared to emotion-focused coping strategies. The findings of this study provides valuable insights into the mental health needs of young adults with chronically ill parents and informs the development of targeted interventions to enhance wellbeing and reduce stress in this population.
Use of Plastic Waste in Concrete Pavement Construction
Authors: Dewangann Nupur
Published: May 2023

Abstract: The urbanization process contributes to the growth of solid waste generation and causes an increase in environmental impacts and failures in the management of solid waste. The number of dumps is a concern due to the limited implementation and safe disposal of this waste.
Identification and Classification of Informative Tweets During Disasters
Authors: Patil Sonali C. , Kadam Rushikesh , Sapate Sumit , Khandejod Tejas , Bhosale Prasad
Published: May 2023

bstract: Twitter serves as a popular social media platform for sharing information during disasters. However, the task of distinguishing informative tweets from the overwhelming volume of content can be daunting. In this research, we propose an innovative approach that combines Natural Language Processing (NLP), Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and the Xception algorithm. Our objective is to effectively categorize disaster-related tweets based on their textual and visual content. By leveraging TensorFlow and Keras, we aim to accurately classify tweets as either disaster-related or unrelated. Additionally, we integrate the Google Translate API to facilitate the translation of text data into multiple languages. To enhance the precision of tweet label prediction, we utilize the late fusion technique to consolidate the output of our text-based model.
Complex modifier based on alumina cement and pozzolanic addition
Authors: Lam Nguyen Doan Tung , Samchenko Svetlana V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The most popular binders for the concrete production are inorganic binders. Composite binding agents (CB) based on Portland cement are increasingly being used to produce high-quality concretes, improve the efficiency of cement use in concrete, as well as to solve the problem of energy and resource saving by reducing the amount of clinker inthe cement composition.

Materials and methods. The properties of a composite binder consisting of Portland cement, alumina cement, natural gypsum and an active mineral additive, were studied. The Box – Wilson experiment design method was used. To determine the standard consistency of the cement paste, the standard test method was chosen according to GOST 310.3–76.The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Building Materials Science of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering.

Results. It was found that with the introduction of additives normal density of the cement paste increases. This is explained by the fact that the composition of the complex additive includes tripoli and alumina cement. Tripoli is a natural porous rock with a highly developed surface. Alumina cement has a great influence on the normal density and setting time as it reacts very quickly to form new hydration compounds in the first minute from the start of mixing the binder with water.The dependence of normal density on the quantitative content of additives is presented as a regression equation and surface image.

Conclusions. Based on the results of this study, in the future the authors will continue to study the properties of binders based on a complex expanding and pozzolanic addition.
Modelling of processes of creation of hi-tech construction products
Authors: Safina Galina L. , Ershov Denis S. , Kornev Aleksey S. , Khayrullin Rustam Z.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. At the current stage of implementation of the Strategy for development of the construction industry and housing and communal services of the Russian Federation for the period till 2030 there is a need for management of unique innovation projects on creation of hi-tech construction products and products for which there is no historical retrospective and sufficient experience in management of such projects: development and creation of composite materials, metal powder for the additive manufacturing, self-healing concrete, etc. Therefore, the problem of developing a mathematical model forthe creation of hi-tech building products is relevant.

Materials and methods. Working out the model, the methods of Markov and semi-Markov systems modelling and methods of programmed planning that have proven to be good at modelling the stages of the life cycle when creating high-tech and unique samples of special purpose machinery were applied.

Results. A model of creation of hi-tech building products, which allows to model and manage the stages of the product life cycle, has been developed. The results of numerical modelling are given. The results of the modelling have shownthe possibility of effective management of the stages of the life cycle of high-tech products. The developed model is a part of scientific and methodical apparatus for end-to-end modelling of basic stages of life cycle of high-tech building production. In this case, depending on the specific problem to be solved, the modelling of individual stages of the life cycle can be carried out with different levels of detail using those or other models of life cycle stages. For certain types of created products, some of the life cycle stages may be excluded from the general model or, on the contrary, added to the general model. The model developed in the article can serve as a means of obtaining additional input data to be used for information modelling with the help of BIM technologies.

Conclusions. The developed model adequately enough describes real processes of product development and creation. The model is not demanding for quality and completeness of input data.
Development of public-private collaboration on the basis of heat supply concessions
Authors: Glazkova Valeria V. , Gospodarik Catherine G.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The decrease in the efficiency of the heat supply industry, caused by a high degree of deterioration of the main production assets, creates the necessity to modernize the sphere, which requires the involvement of a significant amount of investment resources. One of the effective tools contributing to this process is public-private partnership (PPP), which includes positive aspects both for state and municipal authorities as well as for business representatives.

Materials and methods. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study was provided by the works of domestic researchers on the implementation of capital investments in the development of heat supply. Methods of theoretical research were used to analyze the practice of implementation of projects to modernize the heat supply using PPP, modeling stages of the concession agreements, as well as methods of empirical research in terms of comparing the forms of interaction between government and business in the joint implementation of projects for the development and modernization of the heat supply.

Results. The study of professional opinions of Russian researchers on the issue of insufficient effectiveness ofthe implementation of the public-private partnership instrument in the field of housing and communal services and energy, including heat supply, has enabled the formation of a list of problem areas in order to identify areas for their solutions.

Conclusions. The presented successfully implemented cases of modernization of heat supply systems in the Russian regions, which have been implemented through concession agreements between the authorities and business representatives, allowed to confirm the thesis that the concession is one of the best forms of PPP implementation in the field of heat supply. According to the prospective estimates of the National PPP Centre, about 130 PPP projects in the housing and utilities sector may be launched already by 2024, and the value of investments may exceed RUR 230 billion.