bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Activities and Phytochemical Profiles of Extracts from Different Parts of Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)
Authors: Tanaka Akinobu , Zhu Qinchang , Tan Hui , Horiba Hiroki , Ohnuki Koichiro , Mori Yasuhiro , Yamauchi Ryoko , Ishikawa Hiroya , Iwamoto Akira , Kawahara Hiroharu , Shimizu Kuniyoshi
Published: June 2014

Besides being a useful building material, bamboo also is a potential source of bioactive substances. Although some studies have been performed to examine its use in terms of the biological activity, only certain parts of bamboo, especially the leaves or shoots, have been studied. Comprehensive and comparative studies among different parts of bamboo would contribute to a better understanding and application of this knowledge. In this study, the biological activities of ethanol and water extracts from the leaves, branches, outer culm, inner culm, knots, rhizomes and roots of Phyllostachys pubescens, the major species of bamboo in Japan, were comparatively evaluated. The phytochemical profiles of these extracts were tentatively determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The results showed that extracts from different parts of bamboo had different chemical compositions and different antioxidative, antibacterial and antiallergic activities, as well as on on melanin biosynthesis. Outer culm and inner culm were found to be the most important sources of active compounds. 8-C-Glucosylapigenin, luteolin derivatives and chlorogenic acid were the most probable compounds responsible for the anti-allergy activity of these bamboo extracts. Our study suggests the potential use of bamboo as a functional ingredient in cosmetics or other health-related products.
Palladium Catalyzed Heck Arylation of 2,3-Dihydrofuran—Effect of the Palladium Precursor
Authors: Morel Adam , Trzeciak Anna , Pernak Juliusz
Published: June 2014

Heck arylation of 2,3-dihydrofuran with iodobenzene was carried out in systems consisting of different palladium precursors (Pd2(dba)3, Pd(acac)2, PdCl2(cod), [PdCl(allyl)]2, PdCl2(PhCN)2, PdCl2(PPh3)2) and ionic liquids (CILs) with L-prolinate or L-lactate anions. All the tested CILs caused remarkable increases of the conversion values and in all of the reactions 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrofuran (3) was obtained as the main product with a yield of up to 59.2%. The highest conversions of iodobenzene were achieved for the [PdCl(allyl)]2 precursor. Formation of Pd(0) nanoparticles, representing the resting state of the catalyst, was evidenced by TEM.
A Biblical Poetics for Filmmakers
Authors: Packard Dennis , Campbell Preston , McDonald Jason
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we present a poetics, or guide manual, for making narrative films that resemble biblical narratives. It is similar to Aristotle’s Poetics, only his was for creating drama (though it is of course often used for film now) and was based on Greek dramas and epics. Our poetics is specifically for making films and is based on an even more ancient body of narratives—the Hebrew Bible. In articulating a biblical poetics for filmmakers, we draw heavily on the work of a few of the many biblical-narrative scholars of the last half-century, who draw in turn from the even more extensive research that has been done on narrative theory in general. Our project is one that Aristotle might have undertaken if he had read the Bible and its commentators and known about film.
Mapping Mountain Pine Beetle Mortality through Growth Trend Analysis of Time-Series Landsat Data
Authors: Liang Lu , Chen Yanlei , Hawbaker Todd , Zhu Zhiliang , Gong Peng
Published: June 2014

Disturbances are key processes in the carbon cycle of forests and other ecosystems. In recent decades, mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks have become more frequent and extensive in western North America. Remote sensing has the ability to fill the data gaps of long-term infestation monitoring, but the elimination of observational noise and attributing changes quantitatively are two main challenges in its effective application. Here, we present a forest growth trend analysis method that integrates Landsat temporal trajectories and decision tree techniques to derive annual forest disturbance maps over an 11-year period. The temporal trajectory component successfully captures the disturbance events as represented by spectral segments, whereas decision tree modeling efficiently recognizes and attributes events based upon the characteristics of the segments. Validated against a point set sampled across a gradient of MPB mortality, 86.74% to 94.00% overall accuracy was achieved with small variability in accuracy among years. In contrast, the overall accuracies of single-date classifications ranged from 37.20% to 75.20% and only become comparable with our approach when the training sample size was increased at least four-fold. This demonstrates that the advantages of this time series work flow exist in its small training sample size requirement. The easily understandable, interpretable and modifiable characteristics of our approach suggest that it could be applicable to other ecoregions.
A Ubiquitous Sensor Network Platform for Integrating Smart Devices into the Semantic Sensor Web
Authors: Díaz Pardo de Vera David , Sigüenza Izquierdo Álvaro , Bernat Vercher Jesús , Hernández Gómez Luis
Published: June 2014

Ongoing Sensor Web developments make a growing amount of heterogeneous sensor data available to smart devices. This is generating an increasing demand for homogeneous mechanisms to access, publish and share real-world information. This paper discusses, first, an architectural solution based on Next Generation Networks: a pilot Telco Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) Platform that embeds several OGC® Sensor Web services. This platform has already been deployed in large scale projects. Second, the USN-Platform is extended to explore a first approach to Semantic Sensor Web principles and technologies, so that smart devices can access Sensor Web data, allowing them also to share richer (semantically interpreted) information. An experimental scenario is presented: a smart car that consumes and produces real-world information which is integrated into the Semantic Sensor Web through a Telco USN-Platform. Performance tests revealed that observation publishing times with our experimental system were well within limits compatible with the adequate operation of smart safety assistance systems in vehicles. On the other hand, response times for complex queries on large repositories may be inappropriate for rapid reaction needs.
EPMOSt: An Energy-Efficient Passive Monitoring System for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Garcia Fernando , Andrade Rossana , Oliveira Carina , De Souza José
Published: June 2014

Monitoring systems are important for debugging and analyzing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In passive monitoring, a monitoring network needs to be deployed in addition to the network to be monitored, named the target network. The monitoring network captures and analyzes packets transmitted by the target network. An energy-efficient passive monitoring system is necessary when we need to monitor a WSN in a real scenario because the lifetime of the monitoring network is extended and, consequently, the target network benefits from the monitoring for a longer time. In this work, we have identified, analyzed and compared the main passive monitoring systems proposed for WSN. During our research, we did not identify any passive monitoring system for WSN that aims to reduce the energy consumption of the monitoring network. Therefore, we propose an Energy-efficient Passive MOnitoring SysTem for WSN named EPMOSt that provides monitoring information using a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent. Thus, any management tool that supports the SNMP protocol can be integrated with this monitoring system. Experiments with real sensors were performed in several scenarios. The results obtained show the energy efficiency of the proposed monitoring system and the viability of using it to monitor WSN in real scenarios.
Detection and Tracking of a Moving Target Using SAR Images with the Particle Filter-Based Track-Before-Detect Algorithm
Authors: Gao Han , Li Jingwen
Published: June 2014

A novel approach to detecting and tracking a moving target using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is proposed in this paper. Achieved with the particle filter (PF) based track-before-detect (TBD) algorithm, the approach is capable of detecting and tracking the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) moving target with SAR systems, which the traditional track-after-detect (TAD) approach is inadequate for. By incorporating the signal model of the SAR moving target into the algorithm, the ambiguity in target azimuth position and radial velocity is resolved while tracking, which leads directly to the true estimation. With the sub-area substituted for the whole area to calculate the likelihood ratio and a pertinent choice of the number of particles, the computational efficiency is improved with little loss in the detection and tracking performance. The feasibility of the approach is validated and the performance is evaluated with Monte Carlo trials. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is capable to detect and track a moving target with SNR as low as 7 dB, and outperforms the traditional TAD approach when the SNR is below 14 dB.
Computational Intelligence Techniques for Tactile Sensing Systems
Authors: Gastaldo Paolo , Pinna Luigi , Seminara Lucia , Valle Maurizio , Zunino Rodolfo
Published: June 2014

Tactile sensing helps robots interact with humans and objects effectively in real environments. Piezoelectric polymer sensors provide the functional building blocks of the robotic electronic skin, mainly thanks to their flexibility and suitability for detecting dynamic contact events and for recognizing the touch modality. The paper focuses on the ability of tactile sensing systems to support the challenging recognition of certain qualities/modalities of touch. The research applies novel computational intelligence techniques and a tensor-based approach for the classification of touch modalities; its main results consist in providing a procedure to enhance system generalization ability and architecture for multi-class recognition applications. An experimental campaign involving 70 participants using three different modalities in touching the upper surface of the sensor array was conducted, and confirmed the validity of the approach.
Vente à distance, internet et dynamiques des prix
Authors: Irac Delphine , Célérier Claire , Askenazy Philippe
Published: June 2014

Essentiellement portée par le commerce en ligne, la vente à distance s’est considérablement développée ces dernières années. De nombreuses études cherchent à mesurer l’impact de ce développement sur les prix à la consommation. Exploitant pour l’essentiel des données microéconomiques, elles mettent en avant des effets contrastés. Cet article propose de recourir à une estimation macro-sectorielle pour montrer dans quelle mesure les effets à la baisse d’internet sur les prix à la consommation domineraient les effets à la hausse. Nous mobilisons pour cela des séries françaises d’indice de prix et de chiffre d’affaires de vente à distance sur une trentaine de secteurs, de 1990 à 2007. Nous obtenons que la hausse de la part de la vente à distance est associée à une baisse des prix sur la période 1990-2007.
Le rééquilibrage de la croissance chinoise : enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Delozier Benjamin , Rebillard Cyril
Published: June 2014

Un rééquilibrage graduel de la croissance chinoise au profit de la consommation privée favoriserait la stabilité de l’économie mondiale, en contribuant à la résorption des déséquilibres mondiaux de balances courantes. Il servirait aussi les intérêts chinois. Les évolutions démographiques (stabilisation de la population active, tarissement progressif des migrations internes) contribueront à moyen terme à ce rééquilibrage, les pénuries de main-d’œuvre soutenant les salaires. Toutefois, des réformes structurelles sont aussi nécessaires : amélioration de la redistribution des profits des entreprises et ajustement progressif du taux de change, pour accroître le pouvoir d’achat du consommateur chinois ; amélioration des politiques sociales, pour faire baisser l’épargne de précaution ; développement et libéralisation des marchés financiers, pour en assurer l’accès aux ménages et aux PME.
Pourquoi les immigrés portugais veulent-ils tant retourner au pays ?
Authors: Domingues Dos Santos Manon , Wolff François-Charles
Published: June 2014

The 2003 Survey on Immigrants’ Transition to Retirement helps one to understand why Portuguese residents in France express intentions to return to their home country in twice the proportion of their Spanish and Italian counterparts. Community differences in educational attainment, duration of stay , proficiency in French, location of relatives, and origin of spouse (for married respondents) explain a large share of the gaps. The application of non-linear decomposition methods reveals that differences between the characteristics chosen account for almost 70 percent of the gaps, while the differentiated effect of factors influencing the desired retirement location explains one-third.
L’impact des chocs externes sur et à l’intérieur de la zone euro : les enseignements d’un modèle vectoriel autorégressif structurel
Authors: Gossé Jean-Baptiste , Guillaumin Cyriac
Published: June 2014

Cet article étudie l’impact sur l’Europe des principaux chocs externes des années 2000, tels que l’augmentation du prix du pétrole, la baisse du taux directeur américain, les bulles boursières aux États-Unis et l’accumulation de déséquilibres mondiaux. Nous estimons un modèle VAR structurel avec contraintes d’exogénéité et restrictions contemporaines et de long terme pour mesurer l’impact de ces chocs sur la zone euro et ses pays membres, ainsi que sur le Royaume-Uni. Les résultats indiquent qu’au cours des années 2000, les chocs externes ont contribué à expliquer la faiblesse relative de la croissance en Europe, l’appréciation de l’euro et l’accroissement des déséquilibres courants à l’intérieur de la zone euro.
Une maquette pour évaluer les conséquences de la mesure de défiscalisation des heures supplémentaires sur l’emploi et la production
Authors: Lissot Pierre
Published: June 2014

Cet article étudie les effets de la mesure de défiscalisation des heures supplémentaires, adoptée à l’été 2007, dans le cadre d’un modèle d’équilibre général. La particularité de la maquette construite est de prendre en compte les modifications induites par la mesure dans la répartition du travail au sein des ménages qui composent l’économie. Le modèle se propose d’évaluer l’ensemble des effets de la réforme sur la durée du travail, sur la participation des hommes et des femmes et sur la croissance. La mesure entraîne une augmentation de la production, entre 0,3 % et 1,9 %, et des heures travaillées. La réallocation de l’offre de travail qui en résulte au sein des couples se traduit par une baisse de la population active. La population active féminine est plus particulièrement touchée , avec une baisse comprise entre 11 000 et 63 000 personnes.
Filtres usuels et filtre fondé sur les ondelettes : étude comparative et application au cycle économique
Authors: Jolivaldt Philippe , Ahamada Ibrahim
Published: June 2014

We compare the performance of Hodrick-Prescott and Baxter-King filters with a filtering method based on the multi-resolution properties of wavelets. We show that the three methods remain broadly comparable if the theoretical cyclical component is defined in the usual waveband, ranging between six and thirty-two quarters. However the wavelet-based approach provides additional information on the business cycle, such as its time stability. We apply our method – which is based on Monte Carlo simulation experiments – to U.S. GDP. We find that the estimate of the business-cycle component using growth-rate data is superior to the estimate using the GDP level ; it also provides fuller information on the “ Great Moderation ” period that began in the mid-1980s.
Impact de la crise sur l’emploi et les salaires en France
Authors: Bardaji José
Published: June 2014

The 2008-2009 recession caused heavy job losses. However, the measures taken during the crisis limited the adjustment of employment over the total crisis period by comparison with the magnitude of the economic shock (measures included the extension of part-time work , and hiring subsidies through waivers of employers’ social security contributions at minimum-wage level for firms with fewer than ten employees). At the start of the recession, the adjustment was concentrated in temporary-agency work. Senior employment proved resilient. Wages slowed as unemployment increased. Overall, the total wage bill in the mainly non-farm market sectors declined in 2009, but by less than value added. This caused an increase in the share of wages in value added.
Facteurs explicatifs des évolutions récentes des défaillances d’entreprises : une analyse économétrique
Authors: Dolignon Cathy
Published: June 2014

The monthly index of business failures measures the number of enterprises for which a court-ordered reorganisation has been initiated. While the indicator is naturally influenced by current economic trends , it also depends on past business-creation trends. The vector error-correction model (VECM) described here makes it possible to distinguish between these two effects. We show that the increase in the number of business failures in 2008 was mainly due to a demographic effect, while the 2009 increase was the result of highly negative economic conditions. The persistence of a large number of failures in the first half of 2010 may be due to the expiration of stimulus measures. We also examine the effects of the introduction of the “ freelance entrepreneur ” (auto-entrepreneur) status in 2009.
Primarily Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza a (H1N1pdm09) virus Evolving into a Multidrug-Resistant virus Carrying H275Y and I223R Neuraminidase Substitutions
Authors: Grund Sebastian , Gkioule Charikleia , Termos Tahani , Pfeifer Nico , Kobbe Guido , Verheyen Jens , Adams Ortwin
Published: June 2014

Antiviral susceptibility testing and reporting of viruses carrying amino acid substitutions conferring antiviral drug resistance is essential to assess the spread and clinical impact of these viruses. Here, we report on a patient who was infected with a primarily oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1pdm09) virus following allogeneic stem cell transplantation and rituximab treatment. Under prolonged virus replication and zanamivir therapy the neuraminidase amino acid substitutions H275Y and I223R were detected conferring high-level resistance to oseltamivir and cross-resistance to zanamivir. The emergence of these amino acid changes has been reported rarely worldwide and has been associated with fatal clinical outcomes. The patient survived the influenza infection after 170 days of follow-up.
Effect of intestinal colonisation by two Lactobacillus strains on the immune response of gnotobiotic mice
Authors: Steinberg R.S. , Lima M. , Gomes de Oliveira N.L. , Miyoshi A. , Nicoli J.R. , Neumann E. , Nunes A.C.
Published: June 2014

The effect of intestinal colonisation on the immune system was investigated in germ-free mice monoassociated with Lactobacillus strains isolated from calf faeces. Single doses of Lactobacillus acidophilus L36 or Lactobacillus salivarius L38 were administered to germ-free mice by intragastric gavage. Ten days later, the mice were euthanised. Gene expression levels of interleukin 5 (IL-5), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12b, IL-17a, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were quantified in segments of the small and large intestines by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All the mice were colonised rapidly after Lactobacillus administration with intestinal counts ranging from 6.53 to 8.26 log cfu/g. L. acidophilus L36 administration increased the expression of cytokines involved with the Th2 (IL-5, IL-6 and TGF-β1) and Th17 (IL-17a, TNF-α and IL-6) inflammatory response, whereas L. salivarius L38 appeared to stimulate a pattern of less diversified cytokines in the intestine. Intragastric gavage of L. acidophilus L36 and L. salivarius L38 induced similar levels of colonisation in the digestive tracts of germ-free mice but stimulated different immune responses in the intestinal mucosa. The different immunomodulation patterns might facilitate the potential use of these lactobacilli as probiotics to treat distinct pathological conditions, for example protection against Citrobacter rodentium infection by stimulating IL-17 production.
The Science of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Sauvé William M. , Crowther Lawrence J.
Published: June 2014

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method for stimulating neural tissue based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. The technique is becoming an established treatment for drug-resistant major depressive disorder and is a promising tool for a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Stimulation is achieved by pulsed magnetic fields inducing electric fields with the necessary characteristics to depolarize neurons, generating action potentials. In this article, the underlying principles and mechanisms of TMS are explored and an overview of the development of stimulator devices is provided.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2014; 44(6):279–283.]
The Role of rTMS in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Other than Major Depression
Authors: Grammer Geoffrey , Green Vanessa , Amin Rohul , Alampay Miguel
Published: June 2014

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers a noninvasive, safe, and well-toleratedmethodofneuromodulation.WereviewedexistingliteraturecoveringrTMStreatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, dementia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Data for PTSD suggest the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be a potential treatment site. rTMS in schizophrenia suggests high-frequency stimulation of the left DLPFC may have some benefit for negative symptoms, and low-frequency stimulation of the primary auditory cortex may assist with auditory hallucinations. The role of rTMS in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia is promising, but further studies are needed. Data for bipolar disorder are inconsistent across the spectrum of mood states. Treatment of OCD by stimulation of the supplementary motor area may have promise. Data are lacking regarding use of rTMS for ASD or ADHD to draw definitive conclusions.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2014; 44(6):293–298.]
The Role of Therapeutic Use of Self in the Application of Nonpharmacological Interventions
Authors: Barba Beth , Stump Maria , Fitzsimmons Suzanne
Published: June 2014

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services launched a new initiative aimed at improving behavioral health and safeguarding older adults residing in nursing homes from unnecessary antipsychotic drug use. This article is part two of a four-part series on how caregivers working with older adults can implement nonpharmacological interventions. Many different types of nonpharmacological interventions exist, including staff techniques, communication skills, the identification of basic and medical needs, and actual activities, which may be performed alone, one-on-one, or in small groups. To implement nonpharmacological interventions, a trusting relationship must be established. What is done, what is not done, and how one behaves can all precipitate or prevent agitation, anxiety, depression, and apathy in older adults. This article will address the trusting relationship concept that must be actualized for nonpharmacological interventions to be successful. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 40
(8), 9–12.]
A Model for Preparing Faculty to Teach Model C Clinical Nurse Leader Students
Authors: Webb Sherry , McKeon Leslie
Published: June 2014

Model C clinical nurse leader (CNL) programs are complex because they must meet the
The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice
and
The Essentials of Master’s Education in Nursing
, as well as the graduate level competencies outlined in the white paper
Competencies and Curricular Expectations for Clinical Nurse Leader Education and Practice
. Faculty assigned to teach in these programs may be experts in education or areas of clinical specialty, but they may not have a clear understanding of the CNL role to teach and mentor CNL students. This article describes a faculty development model that includes an introduction to the CNL role, course mapping of the essentials, integration of CNL professional values into clinical evaluation, consultation with practicing model C graduates, and participation in a comprehensive CNL certification review course. The model was effective in preparing faculty to teach and mentor students in a model C CNL program. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2014;53(7):421–425.]
De-Conflicting Civil-Military Networks
Authors: van Fenema P.C. , Rietjens S. , Besters B.
Published: June 2014

Operation Unified Protector (OUP) in Libya illustrated the urgent need for civil-military command in the sense of at least de-conflicting primary operational processes of military and international civilian actors. A military theater such as Libya is externally connected and surrounded by huge (additional) movements by air, sea, and land. This chapter provides insight into network structures and practices for achieving such de-confliction in the context of complex peace operations. Based on a case study and prior responsibilities of one of the authors, the chapter shows how NATO's Allied Movement Coordination Centre (AMCC) functioned as a linking pin between military and international civilian actors. Challenges it faced are addressed, including establishment of relationships with relevant actors, understanding their ways of working, and developing procedures to coordinate a heterogeneous network.
Improving C2 Effectiveness Based on Robust Connectivity
Authors: Deller S. , Tolk A. , Rabadi G. , Bowling S.
Published: June 2014

This chapter describes an approach to develop an improved metric for network effectiveness through the use of Cares' (2005) Information Age Combat Model (IACM) as a context for combat (or competition) between networked forces. The IACM highlights the inadequacy of commonly used quantifiable metrics with regards to comparing networks that differ only by the placement of a few links. An agent-based simulation is used to investigate the potential value of the Perron-Frobenius Eigenvalue (?PFE) as an indicator of network effectiveness. The results validate this assumption. Another measurement is proven to be equally important, namely the robustness of a configuration. Potential applications from the domain of ballistic missile defense are included to show operational relevance.
Complex Adaptive Information Networks for Defence
Authors: Moffat J.
Published: June 2014

This chapter focuses on understanding the nature of the information networks that can create Self-Synchronization of the force. The analysis takes place at a number of levels, which for simplicity, are called Levels 1, 2, and 3. At Level 1 (“linked”), the author considers the basic node and linkage topology. At Level 2 (“synched”), he considers the local interaction between intelligent nodes, sharing the information and awareness required for Self-Synchronization in the cognitive domain. At Level 3 (“cliqued”), the author considers how such local networking feeds through into emergent clustering effects in the physical domain. Structured experimental games coupled with information entropy-based measures of merit illustrate these ideas, as do models of fundamental information networking dynamics and their resultant emergent behaviour. It turns out that the tools, models, and concepts of Complexity Theory give deep insight into the topic of Self-Synchronization.
Customer Store Loyalty
Authors: Vásquez-Párraga Arturo Z. , Sahagún Miguel Ángel , Escobedo Pablo José
Published: June 2014

This chapter examines the process of how store customers become loyal to their stores. The authors pursue a theoretical and empirical research approach designed to identify and test a parsimonious model. The result is an explanation chain that incorporates relational variables, trust and commitment, satisfaction, and the moderating factors of the relational variables. The findings reveal that customer commitment is the major contributing explanation for true customer loyalty, significantly more than the contributed explanation of customer satisfaction. The cognitive moderating factors (store familiarity, store choice, customer perceived risk, and communication) and the affective moderating factors (customer opportunistic tendencies, consumer involvement, shared personal values, and shared management values) are significantly related to the core variables and thus contribute some explanation, yet their contribution is very small compared to the contribution of the core variables, thereby suggesting the significance of the core variables in the explanation of customer store loyalty.
The Mechanisms for the Emergence and Evolution of Retail Formats
Authors: Borusiak Barbara
Published: June 2014

The main aim of this chapter is to explain the mechanisms for the emergence of selected innovative formats on the basis of the existing format change theories. The chapter comprises three main parts. First, the nature of a retail format is explored and the classification of retail formats is presented. Second, four groups of theories (cyclical, conflict, environmental, and integrated theories) explaining the emergence and evolution of retail formats are analysed. Third, retail formats theories are applied in explaining the emergence of two formats: pop-up store and m-commerce. The approach involves a review of literature and the analysis of some empirical data concerning the structure of the retail trade turnover in the chosen countries.
Performance Investigation of PI Controller Based Chopper Fed DC Drive
Authors: Kavitha I. , Selvaperumal S. , Pugazhenthi P. Nedumal , Rajithkhan A. Mohamed , Jagatheesan R.
Published: June 2014

The idea orients to develop a PI controller for closed loop speed control of chopper fed dc drive. PI controller is one of the most preferred controller for speed control of dc drive, which can be easily understood and implemented in practice. The speed of the chopper fed separately excited dc motor can be regulated from below and upto rated speed by using a chopper as a converter. The signal corresponding to the speed error of the motor and change in speed error are given as inputs to the PI controller. The controller output provides the required gating signal that is used to vary the duty cycle of chopper. The chopper firing circuit receives signal from controller, gives variable voltage to the armature of the motor for achieving desired speed response. Modeling of chopper fed dc motor is done. Two loop control system is designed, one for current and another for speed. The complete model of proposed system is simulated using MATLAB (SIMULINK). Also the performance of the simulated model is investigated by using various controller tuning methods.
Fuzzy Logic Based Dynamic Performance Investigation of Moisture Control in Paper Industry
Authors: Kumar M. Senthil , Mahadevan K.
Published: June 2014

Proportional – Integral – Derivatives control scheme is used to provide an efficient and quiet easier in control engineering applications. Most of the Conventional PID tuning methods are used in manually which is difficult and time consuming. Soft Computing Technique is used to overcome this problem by using Fuzzy logic technique. In this research focuses dynamic performance specification is such as rise time, settling time and peak over shoot. This paper proposes to compare conventional and non-conventional techniques and the result of this comparison, The non-conventional technique (Fuzzy logic) has optimal dynamic performance. The plant model is represented by the transfer function, is obtained by the system identification tool box.
Sliding Mode Controller for Two Conical Tank Interacting Level System
Authors: Ravi V.R. , Monica M. , Amuthameena S. , Divya S.K. , Jayashree S. , Varshini J.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the robust control problem of interacting nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems is proposed. The robustness against unknown process parameter variation is considered. Three algorithms based on the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) are proposed: SMC with conventional surface, SMC with PID surface and SMC with integral surface. The effectiveness of these algorithms are simulated and implemented on Two Conical Tank Interacting Level System (TCTILS) which exhibits dynamic non linearity and coupling dynamics. The SMC with conventional sliding surface provides robust control against parameter variation and excellent set point tracking compared to SMC with PID sliding surface and SMC with integral sliding surface.
Sliding Mode Control for a Minimum Phase Unstable Second Order System
Authors: Kumar B. Senthil , Manic K.Suresh
Published: June 2014

Sliding Mode Control is a robust Controller for Linear and Nonlinear plants where uncertainty in the model exists.Convetional controllers such as PID, Lead-lag Compensators do not to compensate for the uncertainties due to modeling and rejection to either matched or unmatched disturbances .The proposed method for controlling Unstable Second Order System with a zero by padmashree et al2 is taken from the literature for a Jacketed Continous Stirred-Tank Reactor.Introduction
Closed Loop Control of Positive Output Re-Lift Luo Converter with PSO and Cuckoo Techniques
Authors: Kalaiarasi E. , Velmurugan J.
Published: June 2014

Positive output Re-lift luo converter is a recently developed DC-DC converter which performs the conversion from positive source voltage to positive load voltage and are used in computer peripherals, dc drives, industries and other high voltage projects.Voltage lifting technique is employed and hence the output voltage increases in an arithmetic progression unlike classical boost converter. This paper presents the closed loop control of positive output re-lift luo converter with PI controller.PI controller is capable of providing good static and dynamic performances and can be used to analyze the system performance under disturbances.Control algorithm such as Cuckoo and Particle Swarm Optimization are implemented to track output voltage with respect to the reference voltage.These optimization techniques rejects the system disturbances at line and load side, hence steady state can be reached with less overshoot and settling time.The simulation model of the proposed converter is implemented in Matlab/Simulink and Cuckoo technique is compared over PSO.
EE-Hybrid MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Pandeeswaran Chelliah , Papa Natrajan , Jayesh Sundar G.
Published: June 2014

MAC protocol design in Wireless sensor networks becomes vibrant research field for the past several years. In this paper an EE-Hybrid MAC protocol (Energy efficient hybrid Medium Access Control) has been proposed, which is energy efficient and low latency MAC protocol, which uses interrupt method to assign priority for certain wireless sensor nodes assumed to be present in critical loops of industrial process control domain. EE-Hybrid MAC overcomes some of the limitations in the existing approaches. Industrial wireless sensor network require a suitable MAC protocol which offers energy efficiency and capable of handling emergency situations in industrial automation domain. Time critical and mission critical applications demands not only energy efficiency but strict timeliness and reliability. Harsh environmental condition and dynamic network topologies may cause industrial sensor to malfunction, so the developed protocol must adapt to changing topology and harsh environment. Most of the existing MAC protocols have number of limitations for industrial application domain In industrial automation scenario, certain sensor loops are found to be time critical, where data’s have to be transferred without any further delay. The proposed EE-Hybrid MAC protocol is simulated in NS2 environment, from the result it is observed that proposed protocol provides better performance compared to the conventional MAC protocols.
Inscribing in to an Control Attempt against Jammer Attack Using FB Decoding Mechanism
Authors: Sona G. , Annapandi P. , Yamni Boopathy
Published: June 2014

Previously Spread Spectrum (SS) communication involve by setting up preconfigured keys among the communicating nodes that are constrained to possess synchronous behaviour. This extends to several issues creating circular dependency problem, offering less energy efficiency and thereby leading to insecure short-lived communication. In this paper, an opponent resilient secret sharing concept is introduced without any establishment of pre-shared keys by FB (Forward Backward) decoding. It illustrates using time reversed message extraction and key scheduling at receiver side that enables secured transmission over wireless communication even when the receiver node remains inactive and attaining jammer not to obtain the original data sent by the sender node. Spreading the data involves use of DSSS as it would be more compatible in adjusting to multiple bandwidths. Main goal is to transmit the message in such a way that the time required to deliver the secret must be less than the time for the opponent to find key during transmission. Further, it come up with minimal storage overhead, cost effective and sustains long-lived secured communication among the interacting nodes. Evaluation of various parameters is performed using NS-2 toolkit to prove that this newer approach is better than earlier work.
Efficient Security Authentication Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Asha Latha S. , Sivabalan A.
Published: June 2014

Wireless sensor networks consist of a network of autonomous sensors that can reconfigure themselves so as to sense the environment in the most significant manner. However, a significant challenge in the practical application of these networks exists in credible authentication and network security. This paper proposes a secure authentication protocol which is considered as a pro-active method, where a user is strongly verified before accessing the data, it is the modified Adhoc On-Demand Distance vector (AODV) Routing protocol that provides many security principles to the user such as checking sequence number, IP address and threshold values. The performance of proposed algorithm is compared with the existing alogorithm based on the following parameters such as Throughput, End to End delay and packet delivery ratio. The results shows that the proposed protocol possesses many advantages against the popular black hole attack. This work has been carried out using NS2 software and the result obtained testifies the effectiveness of the proposed protocol. Keyword: Authentication protocol, AES security, AODV routing protocol, Black hole attack, Wireless sensor network (WSN).
Fingerprint Combination of Privacy Preservation is Improved by Delaunay Triangulation Method
Authors: Bercelin Rose Mary W. , Subbulakshmi N. , Bini Tofflin R.
Published: June 2014

Fingerprints are graphical ridge and valley patterns on the tips of human fingers. Owing to their uniqueness and permanence, the use of fingerprints is considered to be one of the most reliable methods of personal verification. Fingerprints are today among the most popularly used biometric modalities in automatic verification systems. At the same time, Protecting the privacy of Fingerprint is an important one, here a novel system propose protecting fingerprint by combining two different fingerprints. In the enrolment stage, fingerprints will be captured from two different fingers. Minutiae positions are extracted from one fingerprint (its the detailed pattern of the fingerprint). The orientation, (it indicates the flow of ridges and valleys) from other fingerprint, and the reference points are calculated from both the two fingerprints. Extracted combined minutiae templates are stored into database. Here A Delaunay Triangulation indexing scheme has been designed for protecting biometric template and non-invertible template are calculated for verifies the authorized person. By using the Delaunay triangulation method fingerprint privacy has to be improved.
Implementation of Object Recognition Based on Local Texture Operators in FPGA Technology
Authors: Ranjini M. Monica Dhana , Parthiban P. Gnana Skanda , Prabhakar G. , Rajithkhan A. Mohamed , Jeyaraj M. Paul
Published: June 2014

In the arrival of today’s highly integrated multimedia device and fast emerging applications, image processing have become more important than any others. These devices require complex image processing tasks lead to a very challenge design process as it demands more efficient and high processing systems. The scope of the project is to extract locations and features of multi objects in an image for object recognition. For low power consumption and better performance we design a proposed system in FPGA. In existing system an cell based multi object feature extraction algorithm is used to extract simultaneously autocorrelation feature of objects. It is calculated using zeroth order and first order moments to obtain the size and location of multiple objects. To reduce computational complexity and memory consumption, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) is used to extract the feature of multiple objects are proposed. In the local binary pattern, the LBP value is computed by comparing a gray level value of centre pixel in an image with its neighbors. The local ternary pattern is extended from LBP to three-valued code in which gray values are quantized to zero,+1,-1. The proposed architecture is designed using verilog HDL, simulated using Modelsim software and synthesized using Xilinx project navigator.
Preeminent System for Detecting Venomous Banking Sites in Online Business
Authors: Sudharsan N.S. , Latha K.
Published: June 2014

. Phishing has become most notorious security issues in online real time web pages. Many studies and ideas have been proposed related to phishing attack in order to overcome the security issues. Phishing attack can be easily done by Uniform resource locator (URL) obfuscation. It is the trick where the user will be forwarded to fake web page which has look and feel effect as the original web page when they click through the fake link. Organizations which use online business and transaction like ebay, paypal use many preventive approaches like blacklist, whitelist of URL in order to prevent any online theft using phishing attack. This paper propose a novel idea for detecting Phishing attack by checking the URL patterns of the suspected page with generated legitimate common URL pattern by inspecting different international URL patterns of that particular banking site.
Recovery Mutual Scheduling: A Decentralized Approach for Fault Recovery Mechanism in the Grid Computing
Authors: Anandbabu M.H. , Palanichelvam B. , Suganya R.
Published: June 2014

Grid computing is that the major analysis space wherever the distributed resources square measure used. In programming, the largest challenge is to amass optimum answer for the submitted jobs within the grid. For giant subtask need time intense computation, this paper introduces a replacement fault recovery mechanism into grid systems associated an thorough study on grid service. We have a tendency to propose a replacement algorithmic program on considering these factors. In our planned algorithmic program Recovery Mutual programming, a catalog is employed which is able to be responsive in accumulation of saving its state sporadically. Consequently the turnout of a system is exaggerated with the localized approach.
Multi Response Optimization of Machining Parameters for Turning Stainless Steel Using Coated Tools
Authors: Chandrasekaran K. , Marimuthu P. , Raja K. , Manimaran A.
Published: June 2014

Stainless steels are used in aerospace, automotive, marine applications, because of resistant to corrosion and maintaining their mechanical properties over a wide range of temperature. Stainless steels are generally difficult to machine due to their high strength. The machining parameters which are affecting the quality of turning operation, it is necessary to optimize the machining parameters to obtain better productivity. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of different coated tools on austenitic stainless steel (AISI316) and martensitic stainless steel (AISI410) in CNC turning under dry conditions. Multi response optimization of machining parameters was performed using coated with TiCN/Al2O3, TiAlN, Ti (C, N, B) using grey relational analysis.
Composite Material Selection Using Multi Criteria Decision Making for Automobile Torsion Bar
Authors: Chandrasekar V.S. , Raja K. , Marimuthu P.
Published: June 2014

Automotive components made from composite materials can result in significant weight savings over steel and Aluminum. The main purpose of this research is to study about the selection of suitable composite material for automobile torsion bar which possesses good strength to weight ratio and yield considerable weight savings. This paper involves identification of potential composite materials, selection of evaluation criteria, use of fuzzy theory to quantify criteria values under uncertainty and application of fuzzy Linguistics to evaluate and select the best material for replacing conventional steel material with composite material used in automobile torsion bar. The strength of the proposed paper is the ability to deal with uncertainty arising due to the lack of real data in material selection for replacing the conventional material. Keywords:- Composite material, Incomplete linguistic preference relations, AHP, Decision analysis, Consistent fuzzy preference relations, Multi-criteria decision making
Hybrid Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization for the Coordination of Wind and Thermal Generation Dispatch
Authors: Dhayalini K. , Sathiyamoorthy S. , Christober Asir Rajan C.
Published: June 2014

Development of better wind and thermal coordination dispatch is necessary to determine the optimal dispatch scheme that can integrate wind power reliably and efficiently. In this paper hybrid Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach is utilized to coordinate the wind and thermal generation dispatch and to minimize the total production cost considering wind power generation and valve effect of thermal units. Numerical studies have been performed for three different test systems, i.e., six, thirteen and forty generating unit systems. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and shows the effect of wind power generation in reducing the total fuel.
Broken Rotor Bar Detection Using High Frequency Loss Calculation of Induction Motor
Authors: Kathir I. , Balakrishnan S. , Manikandan B.V.
Published: June 2014

This paper proposes a technique for the identification of defects of three-phase squirrel cage induction motors. Simulations were performed using ANSYS finite element software package to obtain the flux density waveform in the air gap. Broken rotor bar fault was simulated by breaking rotor bars to see how the flux density is affected. In this paper, a new approach for the identification of broken rotor bar based on the calculation of high-frequency losses in induction motors is presented. The approach presented in this paper requires little time for loss calculation and fault identification.