bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theory-Based Research of High Fidelity Simulation Use in Nursing Education: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Rourke Liam , Schmidt Megan , Garga Neera
Published: March 2010

In this article, we explore the extent to which theory-based research is informing our understanding of high-fidelity simulation use in nursing education. We reviewed the primary literature archived in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Applied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Proquest Dissertation and Theses for empirical reports using the key terms high-fidelity simulation and nursing from the years 1989 to 2009. Of the articles that matched our inclusion criteria: 45% made no use of theory; 45% made minimal use; and 10% made adequate use. We argue that theory-based research could bring coherence and external validity to this domain.
Comment on Schularick: Real Sector Globalization Precedes Financial Globalization
Authors: Kar Dev
Published: April 2010

Financial globalization cannot evolve in a vacuum. Dev Kar argues that real globalization in product markets is the ultimate source of financial globalization and must enter the equation when considering remedies.
The evolution of the trophic state of the Palic Lake (Serbia)
Authors: Grzetic Ivan , Camprag Natasa
Published: April 2010

The Palic Lake is a shallow lake typical for the Pannonian Plain. Due inadequate water quality, it was dried out in 1971 and re-established in 1977 and since than its trophicity has been worsening. Investigation of the long-term changes in the trophic state of this lake were tracked over the total phosphorous (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll-a and Secchi disk transparency (SD transparency), expressed as the Carlson Trophic State Index (TSI). Regarding the TSI values, the water of the Palic Lake has been constantly evolving from eutrophic to hypereutrophic. TN/TP values < 10 indicate that nitrogen is the limiting factor for algal growth.
Efficacy and safety of once monthly ibandronate treatment in patients with reduced bone mineral density: Esther study
Authors: Vujasinovic-Stupar Nada , Milic Natasa , Petrovic-Rackov Ljiljana , Prodanovic Nenad , Mijailovic-Ivkovic Milena , Grujic Zoran , Bukovic Stevan , Novkovic Snezana , Pasalic-Simic Katarina , Petrovic Vera , Vukasinovic Dragan , Perunicic Gordana
Published: April 2010

Introduction. Osteoporosis usually affects post-menopausal women. Treatment is individualized and requires an approach that will provide long-term compliance to prevent fractures. Studies conducted so far suggest inadequate compliance and persistence in weekly bisphosphonate treatment (under 43% after a year of treatment). Ibandronate, as a powerful bisphosphonate, has made it possible for the first time to treat osteoporosis with a single tablet per month. Objective. Study of efficacy, safety and tolerance of ibandronate applied once a month in female patients with decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Methods. The prospective study was conducted in 34 centres in Serbia covering the total of 370 women with reduced BMD with ibandronate once a month. Demographic data, risk factors for osteoporosis, mode of diagnosis establishment, previous treatment for osteoporosis and concomitant diseases were investigated. Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by T-score value after 12 months versus the baseline values. Tolerance of the treatment, compliance and adverse effects were recorded. Results. The sample included 97.5% post-menopausal women, 92.7% with osteoporosis. In 80% of the cases, the diagnosis was established by DXA measurement. In more than 90% of the sample, the level of physical activity was unsatisfactory, and 70% had an accompanying risk factor for osteoporosis in addition to menopause. After 12 months of treatment, 100% compliance was recorded in 84% of the patients and significant reduction (p<0.0001) of the bone mineral loss, regardless of the previous aminobisphosphonate treatment. The treatment was tolerated well, with no serious adverse reactions. Some, mainly gastrointestinal complaints, registered in the first month (6%), were significantly relieved (p<0.0001) after 12 months of treatment (1%). Conclusion. Ibandronate manifested significant improvement of the BMD after 12 months of treatment of patients with decreased BMD, with good tolerance and excellent treatment compliance.
Development of tularemic scFv antibody fragments using phage display
Authors: Kubelkova Klara , Macela Ales
Published: April 2010

Polyclonal antibodies, as well as monoclonal antibodies are efficacious in providing protective immunity against Francisella tularensis. This study demonstrates the application of phage display libraries for the construction of monoclonal antibodies against F. tularensis. Novel single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies were generated against a whole bacterial lysate of F. tularensis live vaccine strain using the human single fold scFv libraries I (Tomlinson I + J). A total of 20 clones reacted with the bacterial cell lysate. Further, the library contains two clones responsive to recombinant lipoprotein FTT1103Δsignal (F. tularensis subsp. tularensis Schu S4), which was constructed without a signal sequence. These positively-binding scFvs were evaluated by scFv-phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, positive scFvs were expressed in a soluble form in Escherichia coli HB2151 and tested for positive scFvs by using scFv-ELISA.
Effect of antifungals on itraconazole resistant Candida glabrata
Authors: Kucharíková Soňa , Dijck Patrick , Lisalová Magdaléna , Bujdáková Helena
Published: April 2010

In the last decade, infections caused by Candida glabrata have become more serious, particularly due to its decreased susceptibility to azole derivatives and its ability to form biofilm. Here we studied the resistance profile of 42 C. glabrata clinical isolates to different azoles, amphotericin B and echinocandins. This work was also focused on the ability to form biofilm which plays a role in the development of antifungal resistance. The minimal inhibitory concentration testing to antifungal agents was performed according to the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) M27-A3 protocol. Quantification of biofilm was done by XTT reduction assay. All C. glabrata clinical isolates were resistant to itraconazole and sixteen also showed resistance to fluconazole. All isolates remained susceptible to voriconazole. Amphotericin B was efficient in a concentration range of 0.125–1 mg/L. The most effective antifungal agents were micafungin and caspofungin with the MIC100 values of ≤0.0313–0.125 mg/L. Low concentrations of these agents reduced biofilm formation as well. Our results show that resistance of different C. glabrata strains is azole specific and therefore a single azole resistance cannot be assumed to indicate general azole resistance. Echinocandins proved to have very high efficacy against clinical C. glabrata strains including those with ability to form biofilm.
Taxonomical notes on Torymidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
Authors: Stojanova Anelia
Published: April 2010

As a result of investigations over type material from a collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, a new synonym and two new combinations in the Torymidae family (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are proposed: Eridontomerus illiesi Szelényi, 1981 as a junior synonym of Cryptopristus caliginosus (Walker, 1833); Eridontomerus unidentatus Szelényi, 1973 is transferred to the genus Pseudotorymus Masi, 1921; and Idiomacromerus obscuripennis (Szelényi, 1973) is transferred to the genus Torymoides Walker, 1871.
The Sibyla model and development of beech forests affected by air pollution
Authors: Špulák Ondřej , Souček Jiří
Published: April 2010

The paper deals with the health status, production and structure of autochthonous beech stands in the eastern part of the Krkonoše Mts. (Czech Republic). The region was affected by increased air pollution load due to long-range SO2 transmission from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. In 1980, five research plots were established in long unmanaged beech stands at an optimum stage. Tree coordinates and initial biometrical measurements were made in 1980 and repeated in 2005. The defoliation of individual trees was monitored every year (ICP Forests principles). The actual stand development is compared with the model development worked out by the Sibyla growth simulator in variants with a model of natural mortality and with entering a real mortality of trees. Differences between the stand characteristics of actual and simulated development of forest stands suggest some production losses. The reason to the losses can be seen in the long-term impact of air pollution in the first decade of monitoring and its after-effects on soil quality and worsening health condition of stands. The anticipated acceleration in the onset of the phase of stand disintegration under the influence of air pollution load was not demonstrated.
The Addition of Cervical Thrust Manipulations to a Manual Physical Therapy Approach in Patients Treated for Mechanical Neck Pain: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Boyles Robert E. , Walker Michael J. , Young Brian A. , Strunce Joseph B. , Wainner Robert S.
Published: April 2010

Study Design

Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (RCT).

Objectives

To perform a secondary analysis on the treatment arm of a larger RCT to determine differences in treatment outcomes, adverse reactions, and effect sizes between patients who received cervical thrust manipulation and those who received only nonthrust manipulation as part of an impairment-based, multimodal treatment program of manual physical therapy (MPT) and exercise for patients with mechanical neck pain.

Background

A treatment regimen of MPT and exercise has been effective in patients with mechanical neck pain. Limited research has compared the effectiveness of cervical thrust manipulations and nonthrust mobilizations for this patient population, and no studies have investigated the added benefit of cervical thrust manipulations as part of an overall MPT treatment plan.

Methods

Treatment outcomes from 47 patients in the treatment arm of a larger RCT, with a primary complaint of mechanical neck pain, were analyzed. Twenty-three patients (49%) received cervical thrust manipulations as part of their MPT treatment, and 24 patients (51%) received only cervical nonthrust mobilizations. All patients received up to 6 clinic sessions, twice weekly for 3 weeks, and a home exercise program. Primary outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index (NDI), 2 visual analog scales for cervical and upper extremity pain, and a 15-point global rating of change scale. Blinded outcome measurements were collected at baseline and at 3-, 6- and 52-week follow-ups.

Results

Consistent with the larger RCT, both subgroups in this secondary analysis demonstrated improvement in short- and long-term pain and disability scores. Low statistical power (β≤.28) and the resultant small effect size indices (−0.21 to 0.17) preclude the identification of any between-group differences. No serious adverse reactions were reported by patients in either subgroup.

Conclusion

Clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in both subgroups of patients over time suggest that cervical thrust manipulation, as part of the MPT treatment plan, did not influence the results of the treatment arm of the larger RCT from which this study was drawn. Although no between-group differences can be identified, the small observed effect sizes in this study may benefit future studies with sample size estimation for larger RCTs and indicate the need to incorporate clinical prediction rule criteria as a means to improve statistical power.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(3):133–140. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3106
Effects of Dietary Antibiotic and Cinnamon Oil Supplementation on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, Cholesterol Levels and Fatty Acid Compositions of Serum and Meat in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Ciftci Mehmet , Simsek Ulku G. , Yuce Abdurrauf , Yilmaz Okkes , Dalkilic Bestami
Published: April 2010

The aim of the present study was to investigate potential hypocholesterolaemic antioxidant activities of cinnamon oil and antibiotic, and their effects on fatty acid compositions of serum and meat in broilers. A total of 240 Ross-308 chicks, five days old, were divided randomly into four treatment groups composed of 60 chicks each. Experimental groups were: corn-soybean meal basal diet (Control), basal diet supplemented with 10 ppm avilamycin (antibiotic) and 500 or 1000 ppm of cinnamon oil (C500, C1000). Cinnamon oil lowered cholesterol levels of serum (P < 0.01), breast and thigh meat (P< 0.05) in cinnamon groups compared to control and antibiotic groups. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA, nmol/g protein) level was reduced significantly in C1000 group (P< 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px,μkat/g protein) and catalase (CAT, kat/l) enzyme activities were different among the groups (P< 0.001). The higher levels of GSH-Px and CAT were obtained in C1000 group, the lower levels of these indicators were obtained in the antibiotic group. Total saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio decreased and total unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, ω-6 fatty acids increased significantly in serum and thigh meat in cinnamon groups (P< 0.01). These results showed that cinnamon oil had hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant characteristics, and it also improved meat quality.
Influence of Polysaccharides from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller, Liliaceae) on Mechanically Induced Cough in Cats
Authors: Šutovská Martina
Published: April 2010

Different plants have been reported to be a source of polysaccharides that possess a great variety of biological activities, including cough suppression. The experiments were aimed on the influence of two polysaccharides isolated from the gel (A, HF1-Z) and one from the epidermis (SL-1) of Aloe vera leaves, characterized by chemical composition and structural properties, on the cough reflex. The method of mechanically induced cough was used in conscious cats. A nylon fibre directed individually into the mucous area of the laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial airways via endotracheal cannula elicited the cough reflex. Statistical evaluation registered cough reflex indicators (number of cough efforts - NE, cough frequency - NE min–1 intensity of cough attacks during expiration and inspiration - IA+ and IA-, intensity of maximal inspiratory and expiratory cough efforts - IME- and IME+) showed that gel polysaccharide HF1-Z possessed higher cough-suppressing activity than dropropizine, a nonnarcotic peripheral cough suppressant. Their antitussive activity was accompanied mainly with a decrease of NE, IA+ and IA- from both laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial mucous areas of the airways. Results of the presented study also showed minimal influence of polysaccharide HF1-Z on expectoration predictor, IME- and IME+. New pharmacodynamic property of polysaccharides isolated from Aloe vera was shown during experiments, which could be a base of their possible therapeutic use in this indication in future.
Synthesis of Porous Polymer Based on Acrylonitrile and 1-Allyl-3-Methylimidazolium by Seed Swelling Polymerisation
Authors: Zhu Jiamei , Zhou Jianhua , Zhang Shuangquan , Chu Ruizhi
Published: April 2010

Porous polymer based on copolymer of acrylonitrile and the ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium can be prepared by free radical polymerisation and then turned into porous particle by a two-step swelling method. The CO2 absorption of the product was investigated.
Three-Component Reaction of Alkyl Isocyanides, Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates and Furan-2-Carboxylic Acid Arylidene-Hydrazides
Authors: Mosslemin Mohammad Hossein , Nateghi Mohammad Reza , Hassanabadi Alireza , Zare Mohsen
Published: April 2010

The adduct produced in the reaction between alkyl isocyanides and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates was trapped by furan-2-carboxylic acid arylidene-hydrazides to afford highly functionalised ketenimines in good yields. The reaction is characterised by mild conditions, high selectivity, and tolerance to various functional groups.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of 3,5-di(Hetero)Aryl-1,2,4-Thiadiazoles by Grinding of Thioamides under Oxidative Conditions
Authors: Xu Yali , Chen Jiuxi , Gao Wenxia , Jin Huile , Ding Jinchang , Wu Huayue
Published: April 2010

An efficient and facile synthesis of 3,5-di(hetero)aryl-1,2,4-thiadiazoles by oxidative dimerisation of thioamides by grinding with NBS under solvent-free conditions at room temperature has been developed. The efficiency of this reaction was demonstrated by the compatibility with trifluoromethyl, methyl, methoxy, chloro, pyridyl and thienyl groups. This method has notable advantages in terms of short reaction times, high yields and is a more practical alternative to the existing methods to access these compounds.
Study on the Bromolactonisation of Alkenoic Acids with (Diacetoxyiodo)Benzene
Authors: He Yan , Yang Zhenping , Yan Jie
Published: April 2010

A study on the bromolactonisation of alkenoic acids is reported. When various pent-4-enoic acids reacted with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (DIB) and lithium bromide in CH3OH at room temperature, most of the five-membered bromolactones were obtained in good to excellent yields in short times. Some had two diastereoisomers. When but-3-enoic acid and trans-hex-3-enoic acid were treated under the same conditions, only unsaturated lactones were found after workup. When hex-5-enoic acid was subjected to the same conditions, however, the desired six-membered bromolactone was not successfully separated.
Unusual presentation of paediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Irfan M , Yusri MM , Farveen ABM
Published: April 2010

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare disease. Among childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma, it constitutes less than 20% of the incidence of all cases. The clinical presentation though is known to be much diversified, most of the patients will present with an enlarged palpable cervical lymphadenopaty. Other reported features include fever of unknown origin, nonspecific pain, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue and malaise. We report a case of ALK-positive ALCL in a patient who presented with submandibular abscess. After defaulted treatment, the mass became fungating externally with everted edge that mimic squamous cell carcinoma. Keywords: ALCL; pediatric; clinical presentation DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v8i4.4711 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(4); October 2009 pp135-138
A Comparison of Two Motion Sensors for the Assessment of Free-Living Physical Activity of Adolescents
Authors: Cuberek Roman , El Ansari Walid , Frömel Karel , Skalik Krzysztof , Sigmund Erik
Published: April 2010

This study assessed and compared the daily step counts recorded by two different motion sensors in order to estimate the free-living physical activity of 135 adolescent girls. Each girl concurrently wore a Yamax pedometer and an ActiGraph accelerometer (criterion measure) every day for seven consecutive days. The convergent validity of the pedometer can be considered intermediate when used to measure the step counts in free-living physical activity; but should be considered with caution when used to classify participants’ step counts into corresponding physical activity categories because of a likelihood of ‘erroneous’ classification in comparison with the accelerometer.
Persistent Luminescence in Eu2+-Doped Compounds: A Review
Authors: Van den Eeckhout Koen , Smet Philippe F. , Poelman Dirk
Published: April 2010

In 1996, Matsuzawa et al. reported on the extremely long-lasting afterglow of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ codoped with Dy3+ ions, which was more than 10-times brighter than the previously widely used ZnS:Cu,Co. Since then, research for stable and efficient persistent phosphors has continuously gained popularity. However, even today - almost 15 years after the discovery of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ - the number of persistent luminescent materials is still relatively low. Furthermore, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unclear. Although most authors agree on the general features, such as the existence of long-lived trap levels, many details are still shrouded in mystery. In this review, we present an overview of the important classes of known persistent luminescent materials based on Eu2+-emission and how they were prepared, and we take a closer look at the models and mechanisms that have been suggested to explain bright afterglow in various compounds.
Monitoring Vegetation Phenological Cycles in Two Different Semi-Arid Environmental Settings Using a Ground-Based NDVI System: A Potential Approach to Improve Satellite Data Interpretation
Authors: Baghzouz Malika , Devitt Dale A. , Fenstermaker Lynn F. , Young Michael H.
Published: April 2010

In semi-arid environmental settings with sparse canopy covers, obtaining remotely sensed information on soil and vegetative growth characteristics at finer spatial and temporal scales than most satellite platforms is crucial for validating and interpreting satellite data sets. In this study, we used a ground-based NDVI system to provide continuous time series analysis of individual shrub species and soil surface characteristics in two different semi-arid environmental settings located in the Great Basin (NV, USA). The NDVI system was a dual channel SKR-1800 radiometer that simultaneously measured incident solar radiation and upward reflectance in two broadband red and near-infrared channels comparable to Landsat-5 TM band 3 and band 4, respectively. The two study sites identified as Spring Valley 1 site (SV1) and Snake Valley 1 site (SNK1) were chosen for having different species composition, soil texture and percent canopy cover. NDVI time-series of greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) from the SV1 site allowed for clear distinction between the main phenological stages of the entire growing season during the period from January to November, 2007. NDVI time series values were significantly different between sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus) at SV1 as well as between the two bare soil types at the two sites. Greasewood NDVI from the SNK1 site produced significant correlations with chlorophyll index (r = 0.97), leaf area index (r = 0.98) and leaf xylem water potential (r = 0.93). Whereas greasewood NDVI from the SV1 site produced lower correlations (r = 0.89, r = 0.73), or non significant correlations (r = 0.32) with the same parameters, respectively. Total percent cover was estimated at 17.5% for SV1 and at 63% for SNK1. Results from this study indicated the potential capabilities of using this ground-based NDVI system to extract spatial and temporal details of soil and vegetation optical properties not possible with satellite derived NDVI.
The Influence of Nutrients and Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the Ecological Footprint of Products
Authors: Hanafiah Marlia M. , Huijbregts Mark A.J. , Hendriks A. Jan
Published: April 2010

The ecological footprint (EF) commonly neglects the influence of other stressors than land use and CO2 emissions on the land area required for human activities. This study analyzes the relevancy of including nutrients and non-CO2 greenhouse gases in the EF assessment of products. The analysis was based on environmental information for 1,925 goods and services. Our findings suggest that within specific product categories, i.e., waste treatment processes, bio-based energy, agricultural products and chemicals, adding non-CO2 greenhouse gases and nutrient emissions can have a dominant influence on the EF results.
Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Molecular Characterization of Bacillus Phage TP21 and its Relatedness to Other Phages with the Same Name
Authors: Klumpp Jochen , Calendar Richard , Loessner Martin J.
Published: April 2010

Three different Bacillus bacteriophages designated TP21 are known from the literature. We have determined the sequence and structure of the TP21-L genome, and compared it to the other phages. The genome is 37.5 kb in size, possesses fixed invariable genome ends and features the typical modular organization of a temperate siphovirus. TP21-L is neither identical to TP21 isolated by Thorne (TP21-T), as shown by a PCR-based approach nor to TP21 isolated by He et al. (TP21-H), as estimated from phage dimensions. For reasons of clarity, we suggest renaming the different TP21 isolates.
Lipid Membranes in Poxvirus Replication
Authors: Laliberte Jason P. , Moss Bernard
Published: April 2010

Poxviruses replicate in the cytoplasm, where they acquire multiple lipoprotein membranes. Although a proposal that the initial membrane arises de novo has not been substantiated, there is no accepted explanation for its formation from cellular membranes. A subsequent membrane-wrapping step involving modified trans-Golgi or endosomal cisternae results in a particle with three membranes. These wrapped virions traverse the cytoplasm on microtubules; the outermost membrane is lost during exocytosis, the middle one is lost just prior to cell entry, and the remaining membrane fuses with the cell to allow the virus core to enter the cytoplasm and initiate a new infection.
The Role of Photopheresis in the Treatment of Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Klassen J.
Published: April 2010

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation [...]
Screening for Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Gordon P.H.
Published: April 2010

Colorectal carcinoma is the second most common cause of death in Canada. Because there is a precursor lesion (that is, the polyp), screening is critically important to prevent the disease through polyp removal—and failing that, to detect colorectal carcinoma at an early stage, when it can be cured. Several screening modalities are available, but colonoscopy is considered the best. People should avail themselves of such examinations, and physicians should encourage them to do so.
Molecular recognition of organic ammonium ions in solution using synthetic receptors
Authors: Späth Andreas , König Burkhard
Published: April 2010

Ammonium ions are ubiquitous in chemistry and molecular biology. Considerable efforts have been undertaken to develop synthetic receptors for their selective molecular recognition. The type of host compounds for organic ammonium ion binding span a wide range from crown ethers to calixarenes to metal complexes. Typical intermolecular interactions are hydrogen bonds, electrostatic and cation–π interactions, hydrophobic interactions or reversible covalent bond formation. In this review we discuss the different classes of synthetic receptors for organic ammonium ion recognition and illustrate the scope and limitations of each class with selected examples from the recent literature. The molecular recognition of ammonium ions in amino acids is included and the enantioselective binding of chiral ammonium ions by synthetic receptors is also covered. In our conclusion we compare the strengths and weaknesses of the different types of ammonium ion receptors which may help to select the best approach for specific applications.
Assessing the Effect of a Combined Malaria Prevention Education and Free Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets Program on Self-Reported Malaria Among Children in a Conflict-Affected Setting in Northern Uganda
Authors: Ssengonzi Robert , Makumbi Frederick
Published: April 2010

We examine whether a concerted malaria prevention education effort is associated with reduced malaria disease burden among children under the age of 5 years residing in conflict-affected settings in Northern Uganda. Two camps for internally displaced persons were identified in the Lira District of Northern Uganda. All residents in both camps were given free insecticide treated nets (ITNs), along with basic information on installation and use. In one camp, Ogur, an intense malaria prevention education intervention through community meetings, household visits, and posters was administered to camp residents for a 6-month period by trained community health care workers who were also camp residents. The residents of Ogur camp also received assistance in hanging their ITNs as needed from the resident community health workers. In the other camp, Abia, no additional health education intervention was provided after the ITN distribution. After 6 months, a survey was conducted among a cross-section of respondents from each camp. The results from this survey show significantly lower rates of reported malaria among children under 5 years in the intervention camp (Ogur) compared with children in the reference camp (adj. RR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.91). This suggests that including enhanced malaria prevention education as an integral component of ITN distribution programs could help promote the use of malaria prevention methods and help stem malaria infections.
Intraseasonal Variability in an Aquaplanet General Circulation Model
Authors: Maloney Eric D. , Sobel Adam H. , Hannah Walter M.
Published: April 2010

An aquaplanet atmospheric general circulation model simulation with a robust intraseasonal oscillation is analyzed. The SST boundary condition resembles the observed December‐April average with continents omitted, although with the meridional SST gradient reduced to be one‐quarter of that observed poleward of 10° latitude. Slow, regular eastward propagation at 5 m s−1 in winds and precipitation with amplitude greater than that in the observed MJO is clearly identified in unfiltered fields. Local precipitation rate is a strongly non‐linear and increasing function of column precipitable water, as in observations. The model intraseasonal oscillation resembles a moisture mode that is destabilized by wind‐evaporation feedback, and that propagates eastward through advection of anomalous humidity by the sum of perturbation winds and mean westerly flow. A series of sensitivity experiments are conducted to test hypothesized mechanisms. A mechanism denial experiment in which intraseasonal latent heat flux variability is removed largely eliminates intraseasonal wind and precipitation variability. Reducing the lower‐troposphere westerly flow in the warm pool by reducing the zonal SST gradient slows eastward propagation, supporting the importance of horizontal advection by the low‐level wind to eastward propagation. A zonally symmetric SST basic state produces weak and unrealistic intraseasonal variability between 30 and 90 day timescales, indicating the importance of mean low‐level westerly winds and hence a realistic phase relationship between precipitation and surface flux anomalies for producing realistic tropical intraseasonal variability.
Perspectives and Images. Fragments on Knowledge Production I.
Authors: Slavec Gradišnik Ingrid
Published: April 2010

Prispevek je prvi del obsežnejše razprave o produkciji znanja med pogledi in podobami v etnologiji med 19. in 21. stoletjem. Metafori pogled in podoba označujeta raziskovalni proces, odsevata kritično refleksivno držo sodobne znanosti, implicirata delnost in tudi pristranost pogledov in znanja. Znanje se vedno ustvarja v konkretnih družbenih okoliščinah, z izostrenostjo osebnih in poklicnih obzorij raziskovalcev, z razvito institucionalno infrastrukturo, z ustreznim metodološkim instrumentarijem in naposled tudi z odmevnostjo znanstvenih spoznanj. V ospredju pozornosti sta 19. in prva polovica 20. stoletja, upoštevan pa je predvsem pogled na empirično stvarnost in njeno znanstveno konceptualizacijo oz. razmerje med njima. Razvoj evropskih nacionalnih etnologij je pretežno produkt etnične oz. nacionalne paradigme. V njeni narodopisni izpeljavi je bila korespondenca med empirično in raziskovalno konceptualizirano resničnostjo minimalna (»ljudska«/»narodna« kultura kot konstrukt), ideološko sprejemljiva in disciplinarno konstitutivna.
***
This paper is the first part of a more extensive discussion on ethnological knowledge production between the 19th and 21st centuries. The metaphors of “perspective” and “image” characterize the research process, reflect the critical reflexive stance of contemporary scholarship, and imply partiality as well as bias of perspectives and knowledge. Knowledge is always produced in concrete social circumstances, with researchers’ personal and professional horizons, a developed institutional infrastructure, appropriate methodological instruments, and, last but not least, the impact of scholarly findings. The 19th century and first half of the 20th century are placed at the forefront, and the perspective on empirical reality and its scholarly conceptualization or the relationship between them is primarily taken into account. The development of the European national ethnologies is largely the result of an ethnic or national paradigm. In its ethnological implementation, the correspondence between empirical reality and its scholarly conceptualizations (i.e., “folk” culture as a construct) was minimal, but ideologically acceptable and constitutive with regard to the discipline.
Hallazgo reciente de la anguila Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) y de la lamprea marina Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758 en la cuenca extremeña del río Guadiana (suroeste de la Península Ibérica)
Authors: Pérez-Bote J. L. , Roso R. , Romero A. J. , Perianes M. , López M. T.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX)
Authors: Fernández J.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Clave para determinar las especies españolas del género Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae)
Authors: Fernández-Rubio F.
Published: April 2010

Se presenta una clave para determinar las especies ibéricas del género Zygaena, con un párrafo final donde se indican las principales diferencias entre las distintas especies que más fácilmente engendran confusión. Por último, se añade la etimología de los nombres de las especies ibéricas de zygenas.
Dos nuevos taxa de Parholaspidae Evans, 1956 (Acari, Mesostigmata) en Tenerife (Islas Canarias)
Authors: Moraza M. L. , Peña M. A.
Published: April 2010

Sobre ejemplares recolectados en Tenerife (Islas Canarias), se describen dos nuevas especies de la familia Parholaspidae Evans, 1965 —Holaspina canariensis sp. n. y Gamasholaspis gamasoides canariensis subsp. n.—. Se ilustra la quetotaxia, poroidotaxia y adenotaxia del idiosoma de las dos especies y se discute la quetotaxia de la región caudal del cuerpo.
Calosotinae y Neanastatinae de la Península Ibérica e Islas Canarias, con descripción de nuevas especies y una nota suplementaria sobre Brasema Cameron, 1884 (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae)
Authors: Askew R. R. , Nieves-Aldrey J. L.
Published: April 2010

Se revisan las especies de la Península Ibérica e Islas Canarias de las subfamilias Calosotinae y Neanastatinae (Eupelmidae). En Calosotinae se reconocen nueve especies de Calosota, siete de Eusandalum y una de Pentacladia, mientras que Neanastatinae incluye una especie de Metapelma y una de Neanastatus. Se aportan datos taxonómicos y biológicos, claves de identificación de las especies de Calosota y Eusandalum, y se describen dos especies nuevas para la ciencia de Calosota. Se proponen las siguientes sinonimias: Calosota fumipennis Bolívar con C aestivalis Curtis, C. lixobia Erdös con C. obscura Ruschka; C. matritensis Bolívar y C. modesta Bolívar con C. viridis Masi. Finalmente se añade una nota suplementaria sobre Brasema (Eupelminae) y Brasema ephedricola Askew se sinonimiza con Brasema stenus (Boucek) (combinación nueva).
Una nueva especie de cladócero (Ctenopoda, Holopediidae) para la fauna gallega
Authors: Nebra A. , García L. , Alonso M. , Pardo I.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Revisión del género Harraphidia Steinmann, 1963 con la descripción de dos nuevas especies de la península Ibérica y de Marruecos (Insecta, Raphidioptera)
Authors: Monserrat V. J. , Papenberg D.
Published: April 2010

Se realiza una revisión taxonómica del género Harraphidia Steinmann, 1963. Hasta la fecha este género incluía dos especies: su especie tipo Harraphidia harpyia Steinmann, 1963, conocida de Marruecos, y Harraphidia laufferi (Navás, 1915), conocida de la Península Ibérica. Para esta última especie se reconsidera la validez del subgénero Flavoraphidia n. stat. H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968 como subgénero de Harraphidia y se propone Harraphidia (Flavoraphidia) laufferi n. comb. y Harraphidia (Harraphidia) harpyia Steinmann, 1963 n. comb. como nuevas combinaciones. Harraphidia (Harraphidia) subdesertica Monserrat & Papenberg n. sp. y Harraphidia (Harraphidia) divergens Monserrat & Papenberg n. sp. se describen como nuevas especies de España y de Marruecos. Se anotan todas las referencias bibliográficas existentes sobre cada una de ellas, se incluye una diagnosis y una clave de identificación de estos subgéneros y especies y se describen nuevos datos sobre su morfología externa, genital, biología, fenología y distribución. Se amplia en este orden de insectos la exigencia, comúnmente aceptada, de que requieren temperaturas inferiores o próximas a 0ºC durante su desarrollo pre-imaginal, confirmándose la presencia de especies en el S./S.E. Ibérico que se desarrollan en medios donde la temperatura anual no desciende de 8ºC. Se realiza un somero análisis biogeográfico sobre la distribución de estas especies en base a presunto flujo bi-direccional de elementos entre Europa y África durante el Eoceno y el Mioceno.
Lista faunística de los Quironómidos (Diptera, Chironomidae) de Madrid (España)
Authors: Soriano O. , Cobo F.
Published: April 2010

En el presente trabajo se aporta por primera vez una lista faunística de los quironómidos (Diptera, Chironomidae) citados en Madrid. También se añaden citas inéditas, siendo seis de ellas nuevas citas para la península Ibérica. En total se recogen 218 especies, tanto de ambientes lóticos como leníticos.
Prefacio
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Lista preliminar de los Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) de la Comunidad de Madrid (España)
Authors: Alonso-Zarazaga M. A. , Sánchez-Ruiz M. , Domingo-Quero T.
Published: April 2010

Se presenta por primera vez un listado de los Coleoptera Curculionoidea de la Comunidad de Madrid (España), que incluye 552 especies distribuidas en 175 géneros pertenecientes a 10 familias.
Catálogo de las arañas (Araneae) de la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Ferrández M. A. , Morano E. , Fernández de Céspedes H. , Camargo M.
Published: April 2010

Con la confección del presente catálogo se pretende recopilar la información faunística disponible sobre las arañas de la Comunidad de Madrid, valorar el grado de conocimiento en el contexto de la fauna ibérica, así como impulsar los estudios encaminados a su conservación.
Para su elaboración se han recopilado las citas publicadas, las citas inéditas de diferentes Tesis Doctorales y de licenciatura, el material identificado que se conserva en las colecciones del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y los resultados de un muestreo puntual realizado por dos de los autores (M.A. Ferrández y H. Fernández de Céspedes) en las proximidades de San Agustín de Guadalix. La nomenclatura está basada tanto en el catálogo mundial de Platnick (2005) como en el realizado para la fauna ibero-balear por uno de los autores, Morano (2005), disponible actualmente en internet.
Para cada especie se incluyen las localidades de captura, su coordenada UTM, el nombre con el que fue publicada la cita y la referencia bibliográfica o el museo donde esta depositado el material. También se añade un apartado de distribución donde se proporciona la distribución mundial y la ibérica.
La fauna de arañas de Madrid cuenta en el momento actual con un total de 261 especies repartidas en 132 géneros de 36 familias distintas, de las cuales un total de 52 se publican por primera vez (las señaladas mediante un *). La conclusión general es que se poseen pocos datos de la mayoría de las especies, los datos que hay son en muchos casos antiguos y no aportan información relevante sobre los ciclos biológicos, ecología, etc. Sin duda quedan muchas especies por encontrar en la fauna madrileña y no es descabellado estimar entre 350 y 400 las especies totales de dicha fauna.
También es de destacar la presencia de 24 endemismos ibéricos, algunos de ellos recolectados en fecha reciente, como Ozyptila umbraculorum (2002), Clubiona aducta, Parachtes teruelis, o Amphiledorus balnearicus (2005), esta última capturada en los muestreos de San Agustín de Guadalix.
Tipos de especies de insectos descritas de la Comunidad de Madrid, conservados en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Inventario Preliminar
Authors: Martín Albaladejo C. , Izquierdo Moya I.
Published: April 2010

Este trabajo ofrece una relación de las especies de insectos que han sido descritas de la Comunidad de Madrid y cuyos ejemplares tipo se conservan en la Colección de Entomología del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN). Este inventario preliminar recoge 505 especies y táxones subespecíficos.
Catálogo de los Reptiles procedentes de la Comunidad de Madrid (España) que se conservan en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
Authors: González Fernández J. E.
Published: April 2010

En el presente trabajo, se proporciona un catálogo actualizado de los reptiles de la Comunidad de Madrid (España) elaborado gracias a la información disponible en los ficheros y libros de colección del MNCN. Se han confirmado los datos que figuraban en los antiguos libros de registro, catálogo y fichas de colección referentes a los reptiles procedentes de Madrid existentes en la colección de anfibios y reptiles del MNCN, comprobándose que ejemplares se conservan en la actualidad. También se ha actualizado y comprobado que la información disponible en las bases de datos del MNCN era correcta y acorde con los datos existentes en los ejemplares. Los errores detectados han sido corregidos. Como consecuencia de ello se ha corroborado fehacientemente la existencia, a fecha 30 de noviembre de 2005, de 2237 ejemplares de reptiles de dicha procedencia, que se han incluido en 1039 registros informáticos. Entre los ejemplares depositados en la colección, destacan algunos colectados por Eduardo Boscá y Casanoves -padre de la Herpetología Española- y por Francisco de P. Martínez y Sáez -ex miembro de la Comisión Científica al Pacífico- (1862-1865), que se conservan en el MNCN desde hace 140 años. Junto a la documentación que les acompaña, todos estos ejemplares se guardan como parte integrante del Patrimonio Nacional común, estando a disposición de las futuras generaciones de investigadores, como testigos de la biodiversidad pasada y actual. También se amplía, para algunas especies, su área de distribución en la Comunidad de Madrid.
Los Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) de la Comunidad de Madrid: lista anotada, mapas de distribución, riqueza y estatus de conservación
Authors: Nieves-Aldrey J. L. , Gómez J. F. , Hernández Nieves M. , Lobo J. M.
Published: April 2010

Se presenta por primera vez la lista anotada de especies y los mapas de distribución de los Cynipidae de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los datos corresponden a 2189 registros pertenecientes a muestreos y colectas efectuados desde 1982 hasta la actualidad, en 103 localidades de Madrid y en otras 19 cercanas de provincias adyacentes. Se relacionan 107 especies de cinípidos que representan el 73 % del total de especies ibéricas. Cada especie se acompaña de su correspondiente mapa de distribución en la Comunidad de Madrid, reflejando los puntos de las localidades de muestreo en los que ha sido encontrada, junto a su área de distribución potencial en este territorio. Se comentan distintos aspectos sobre la riqueza y distribución de los cinípidos de Madrid: especies de la fauna ibérica ausentes y otras que han de buscarse, especies raras y singulares junto a aquellas áreas de mayor riqueza de especies. El área de mayor riqueza del grupo se sitúa en una franja siguiendo el eje Guadalix-Venturada-Torrelaguna, de terrenos del Cretácico y del Terciario, que presenta también altas cifras de diversidad botánica de los géneros de plantas hospedantes del grupo, especialmente de fagáceas del género Quercus. Algunos enclaves del sureste de Madrid, ricos en especies singulares y raras de cinípidos de la tribu Aylacini, las áreas relictas de Q. petraea del nordeste de Madrid con especies exclusivas asociadas, así como los escasos enclaves remanentes de Quercus suber en la región, también con especies exclusivas de cinípidos asociadas, merecen la máxima protección por lo que respecta a la conservación de los cinípidos.
Los Escarabeidos y Geotrúpidos de la Comunidad de Madrid: lista de especies, distribución geográfica y patrones de diversidad (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Scarabaeidae y Geotrupidae)
Authors: Lobo J. M. , Hortal J.
Published: April 2010

En este trabajo se resumen las características fundamentales de la fauna de Geotrupidae y Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) que habita la Comunidad de Madrid, presentándose un inventario actualizado así como mapas que representan la distribución observada y potencial de todas las especies. Finalmente, se estima la variación geográfica de la riqueza de especies, la rareza o la endemicidad, discutiendo brevemente el patrón geográfico encontrado.
Listado actualizado de especies de Araneidos y Tomísidos (Araneae, Araneidae y Thomisidae) de la Comunidad de Madrid: mapas de distribución conocida, potencial y patrones de riqueza
Authors: Jiménez-Valverde A. , Lobo J. M. , López Martos M. L.
Published: April 2010

Se actualiza el listado de especies de las familias Araneidae y Thomisidae de la Comunidad de Madrid, citando 3 especies nuevas de araneidos y 15 de tomísidos, con lo que el número de especies de la primera familia asciende a 30 y a 43 el de la segunda. Se eliminan del catálogo Heriaeus hirtus y Larinioides cornutus. Tras elaborar los mapas de distribución conocida y potencial se constata una falta de datos corológicos, especialmente acusado en la familia Thomisidae debido a su carácter críptico. Los mapas de riqueza específica reflejan un patrón común, con valores máximos de riqueza en la Rampa y valores mínimos en el sur de la Comunidad y en las zonas de alta montaña. Aunque los valores brutos de riqueza sean, seguramente, una subestimación de los valores reales, el patrón general puede ser explicado en base a las preferencias ecológicas de las dos familias y al patrón espacial de la alteración antrópica del hábitat en la provincia de Madrid. Se resalta la necesidad urgente de efectuar muestreos para completar los grandes huecos de información.
Fundamentos ecológicos y biogeográficos de la rareza de la avifauna madrileña: Una propuesta de modificación del catálogo regional de especies amenazadas
Authors: Carrascal L. M. , Palomino D. , Seoane J.
Published: April 2010

Se analiza el estatus de conservación de todas las Aves de la Comunidad de Madrid utilizando parámetros ecológicos asociados con la valencia ecológica de las especies, la extensión de su área de distribución, sus preferencias de hábitat y las densidades máximas ecológicas en la región. Las especies menos ampliamente distribuidas en la C.A. de Madrid se caracterizan por sus bajas densidades ecológicas máximas, y por ocupar menor variedad de hábitats y tienen una distribución muy restringida a escala peninsular. Otra componente de la rareza regional se relaciona directamente con la talla corporal, de manera que las especies de mayor tamaño tienden a alcanzar menores densidades que las especies más pequeñas. Estos dos gradientes de rareza ecológica se asocian estrechamente con las actuales categorías oficiales de amenaza de las aves de Madrid, y permiten proponer y justificar posibles modificaciones al Catálogo regional para 11 especies (Cuchara Común – ‘De Interés Especial’; Calamón Común – ‘De Interés Especial’; Alcaraván Común – ‘Sensible a la Alteración de su Hábitat’; Paloma Zurita – ‘De Interés Especial’; Torcecuello Euroasiático – ‘Sensible a la Alteración de su Hábitat’; Calandria – descatalogarla; Mirlo Acuático - ‘Sensible a la Alteración de su Hábitat’; Colirrojo Real - ‘Sensible a la Alteración de su Hábitat’ o ‘Vulnerable’; Papamoscas Gris - ‘De Interés Especial’; Alcaudón Real Meridional – descatalogarla; Picogordo – ‘De Interés Especial’).