bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BreathEase: rationale, design and recruitment of a randomised trial and embedded mixed-methods study of a multiprofessional breathlessness service in early palliative care
Authors: Schunk Michaela , Berger Ursula , Le Lien , Rehfuess Eva , Schwarzkopf Larissa , Streitwieser Sabine , Müller Thomas , Hofmann Miriam , Holle Rolf , Huber Rudolf Maria , Mansmann Ulrich , Bausewein Claudia
Published: October 2021

Background

The Munich Breathlessness Service has adapted novel support services to the German context, to reduce burden in patients and carers from breathlessness in advanced disease. It has been evaluated in a pragmatic fast-track randomised controlled trial (BreathEase;NCT02622412) with embedded qualitative interviews and postal survey. The aim of this article is to describe the intervention model and study design, analyse recruitment to the trial and compare sample characteristics with other studies in the field.

Methods

Analysis of recruitment pathways and enrolment, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants and carers.

Results

Out of 439 people screened, 253 (58%) were offered enrolment and 183 (42%) participated. n=97 (70%) carers participated. 186 (42%) people did not qualify for inclusion, mostly because breathlessness could not be attributed to an underlying disease. All participants were self-referring; 60% through media sources. Eligibility and willingness to participate were associated to social networks and illness-related activities as recruitment routes. Mean age of participants was 71 years (51% women), with COPD (63%), chronic heart failure (8%), interstitial lung disease (9%), pulmonary hypertension (6%) and cancer (7%) as underlying conditions. Postal survey response rate was 89%. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 patients and nine carers.

Conclusion

The BreathEase study has a larger and more heterogeneous sample compared to other trials. The self-referral-based and prolonged recruitment drawing on media sources approximates real-world conditions of early palliative care. Integrating qualitative and quantitative components will allow a better understanding and interpretation of the results of the main effectiveness study.
Invasive papillary carcinoma of the breast: a rare case report
Authors: Issar Pratibha , Ravindranath M. , Dewangan Manish
Published: October 2021

Background

Invasive Papillary Carcinomas (IPC) are rare and account for approximately 0.5% of all invasive breast carcinomas. Most of them are seen in post-menopausal women and have a good prognosis. These tumors lack the myoepithelial cell layer (MCL) within the papillae or at the periphery of the tumor with areas showing stromal invasion or invasion into lymphovascular spaces. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for myoepithelial cells and basement membrane is essential for the diagnosis of invasive cancer.

Case presentation

We present a rare case of IPC in a 74-year-old woman who presented with complaints of gradually increasing painless retroaerolar mass in the left breast of two months duration. The mass was irregular, having an oblong as well an adjacent high density mass lesion on mammography. Ultrasound (US), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) helped in the diagnosis of the possibility of a malignant breast lesion. Left-sided modified radical mastectomy was performed and the specimen was histopathologically diagnosed as Invasive Papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis.

Conclusions

Invasive Papillary Carcinomas of the breast are rare cancers in post-menopausal women. We have highlighted the role of Mammography, US, and MRI in early diagnosis so that timely management is possible.
Automatic fault detection on seismic images using a multiscale attention convolutional neural network
Authors: Gao Kai , Huang Lianjie , Zheng Yingcai , Lin Rongrong , Hu Hao , Cladohous Trenton
Published: October 2021

High-fidelity fault detection on seismic images is one of the most important and challenging topics in the field of automatic seismic interpretation. Conventional hand-picking-based and semi-human-intervened fault-detection approaches are being replaced by fully automatic methods thanks to the development of machine learning. We have developed a novel multiscale attention convolutional neural network (MACNN) to improve machine-learning-based automatic end-to-end fault detection on seismic images. The most important characteristics of our MACNN fault-detection method are that it uses a multiscale spatial-channel attention mechanism to merge and refine encoder feature maps of different spatial resolutions. The new architecture enables our MACNN to more effectively learn and exploit contextual information embedded in the encoder feature maps. We determine through several synthetic data and field data examples that our MACNN tends to produce higher resolution, higher fidelity fault maps from complex seismic images compared to those of the conventional fault-detection convolutional neural network, thus leading to improved geologic fidelity and interpretability of detected faults.
Synovial Sarcoma in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group ARST0332 Study
Authors: Venkatramani Rajkumar , Xue Wei , Randall R. Lor , Wolden Suzanne , Anderson James , Lopez-Terrada Dolores , Black Jennifer , Kao Simon C. , Shulkin Barry , Ostrenga Andrew , Pappo Alberto , Spunt Sheri L.
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is the second most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children. ARST0332 evaluated a risk-based treatment strategy for young patients with soft tissue sarcoma designed to limit therapy for low-risk (LR) disease and to test neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for unresected higher-risk disease.

METHODS

Newly diagnosed patients with SS age < 30 years were assigned to four treatment arms based on disease features: A (surgery only), B (55.8 Gy radiotherapy [RT]), C (ifosfamide and doxorubicin [ID] chemotherapy plus 55.8 Gy RT), and D (neoadjuvant ID and 45 Gy RT, then surgery and RT boost based on margins followed by adjuvant ID). Patients treated in Arms A and B were considered LR, arms C and D without metastases as intermediate-risk (IR), and those with metastases as high-risk (HR).

RESULTS

Of the 146 patients with SS enrolled, 138 were eligible and evaluable: LR (46), IR (71), and HR (21). Tumors were 80% extremity, 70% > 5 cm, 70% high-grade, 62% invasive, 95% deep, and 15% metastatic. Treatment was on arm A (29.7%), B (3.6%), C (16.7%), and D (50%). There were no toxic deaths and four unexpected grade 4 adverse events. By risk group, at a median follow-up of 6.8 years, estimated 5-year event-free survival was LR 82%, IR 70%, and HR 8%, and overall survival was LR 98%, IR 89%, and HR 13%. After accounting for the features that defined risk category, none of the other patient or disease characteristics (age, sex, tumor site, tumor invasiveness, and depth) improved the risk stratification model.

CONCLUSION

The risk-based treatment strategy used in ARST0332 produced favorable outcomes in patients with nonmetastatic SS relative to historical controls despite using RT less frequently and at lower doses. The outcome for metastatic SS remains unsatisfactory and new therapies are urgently needed.
Multi-optical effects in two-dimensional photonic crystals of metallic pairs
Authors: Duan Qilin , Chen Ying , Chen Huanyang
Published: October 2021

Beam steering in photonic crystals is significant in manipulating light beams. In this paper, we design self-collimation, beam splitting, and negative refraction effects in photonic crystals based on metallic pairs immersed in dielectric background. By using a single array of metallic pairs, a broadband and wide-angle self-collimation effect is achieved. Meanwhile, due to the extreme anisotropy, a beam splitting effect is achieved by utilizing the kissing of equi-frequency contours. We then restructure the unit cell with glide symmetry to achieve negative refraction effect in a wide frequency range and realize the effect of flat lens. To illustrate this phenomenon, a flat lens based on the restructured unit cell is designed and numerically demonstrated.
Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Determination
Authors: Lewis Ariane , Kirschen Matthew P.
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article describes the prerequisites for brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC), clinical evaluation for BD/DNC (including apnea testing), use of ancillary testing, and challenges associated with BD/DNC determination in adult and pediatric patients.

RECENT FINDINGS

Although death determination should be consistent among physicians and across hospitals, states, and countries to ensure that someone who is declared dead in one place would not be considered alive elsewhere, variability exists in the prerequisites, clinical evaluation, apnea testing, and use of ancillary testing to evaluate for BD/DNC. Confusion also exists about performance of an evaluation for BD/DNC in challenging clinical scenarios, such as for a patient who is on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or a patient who was treated with therapeutic hypothermia. This prompted the creation of the World Brain Death Project, which published an international consensus statement on BD/DNC that has been endorsed by five world federations and 27 medical societies from across the globe.

The World Brain Death Project consensus statement is intended to provide guidance for professional societies and countries to revise or develop their own protocols on BD/DNC, taking into consideration local laws, culture, and resource availability; however, it does not replace local medical standards. To that end, pending publication of an updated guideline on determination of BD/DNC across the lifespan, the currently accepted medical standards for BD/DNC in the United States are the 2010 American Academy of Neurology standard for determination of BD/DNC in adults and the 2011 Society of Critical Care Medicine/American Academy of Pediatrics/Child Neurology Society standard for determination of BD/DNC in infants and children.
Palliative Care and Shared Decision Making in the Neurocritical Care Unit
Authors: Creutzfeldt Claire J.
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews the evidence on integrating palliative care into the care of patients with various types of serious neurologic illness, emphasizes the importance of palliative care in the neurocritical care unit, and suggests tools for clinicians to improve their communication skills and decision making.

RECENT FINDINGS

Palliative care is a holistic approach to medical care that aims to relieve physical, psychological, social, and spiritual suffering. It is both a medical specialty as young as neurocritical care itself and an approach to patient care by all clinicians who manage patients with serious illness. Patients presenting to the neurocritical care unit and their families have unique palliative care needs that challenge communication and shared decision making.

Palliative care, effective communication, and shared decision making require a set of core skills that all neurology clinicians should master.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Nobleza Christa O’Hana S.
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke. This article summarizes the basic pathophysiology, classification, and management of ICH and discusses the available evidence on therapy for hematoma, hematoma expansion, and perihematomal edema.

RECENT FINDINGS

Current available data on potential therapeutic options for ICH are promising, although none of the trials have shown improvement in mortality rate. The literature available on reversal of anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents after an ICH and resumption of these medications is also increasing.

ICH continues to have high morbidity and mortality. Advances in therapeutic options to target secondary brain injury from the hematoma, hematoma expansion, and perihematomal edema are increasing. Data on reversal therapy for anticoagulant-associated or antiplatelet-associated ICH and resumption of these medications are evolving.
Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Robinson Christopher P.
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) encompasses a group of heterogeneous manifestations of a disease process with high neurologic morbidity and, for severe TBI, high probability of mortality and poor neurologic outcomes. This article reviews TBI in neurocritical care, hence focusing on moderate and severe TBI, and includes an up-to-date review of the many variables to be considered in clinical care.

RECENT FINDINGS

With advances in medicine and biotechnology, understanding of the impact of TBI has substantially elucidated the distinction between primary and secondary brain injury. Consequently, care of TBI is evolving, with intervention-based modalities targeting multiple physiologic variables. Multimodality monitoring to assess intracranial pressure, cerebral oxygenation, cerebral metabolism, cerebral blood flow, and autoregulation is at the forefront of such advances.

Understanding the anatomic and physiologic principles of acute brain injury is necessary in managing moderate to severe TBI. Management is based on the prevention of secondary brain injury from resultant trauma. Care of patients with TBI should occur in a dedicated critical care unit with subspecialty expertise. With the advent of multimodality monitoring and targeted biomarkers in TBI, patient outcomes have a higher probability of improving in the future.
Neurologic Complications in the Postoperative Neurosurgery Patient
Authors: Sarwal Aarti
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article discusses neurologic complications encountered in the postoperative care of neurosurgical patients that are common or key to recognize in the immediate postoperative period. The major neurosurgical subspecialty procedures (cerebrovascular neurosurgery, neuro-oncology, epilepsy neurosurgery, functional neurosurgery, CSF diversion, endovascular neurosurgery, and spinal surgery) are broadly included under craniotomy procedures, endovascular/vascular procedures, and spinal procedures. This article focuses on the range of complications inherent in these approaches with specific scenarios addressed as applicable.

RECENT FINDINGS

The morbidity and mortality related to neurosurgical procedures remains high, necessitating ongoing research and quality improvement efforts in perioperative screening, intraoperative management, surgical approaches, and postoperative care of these patients. Emerging research continues to investigate safer and newer options for routine neurosurgical approaches, such as coiling over clipping for amenable aneurysms, endoscopic techniques for transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, and minimally invasive spinal procedures; postoperative monitoring and care of patients after these procedures continues to be a key component in the continuum of care for improving outcomes.

Postoperative care of patients undergoing major neurosurgical procedures is an integral part of many neurocritical care practices. Neurosurgeons often enlist help from neurologists to assist with evaluation, interpretation, and management of complications in routine inpatient settings. Awareness of the common neurologic complications of various neurosurgical procedures can help guide appropriate clinical monitoring algorithms and quality improvement processes for timely evaluation and management of these patients.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Chou Sherry Hsiang-Yi
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains an important cause of mortality and long-term morbidity. This article uses a case-based approach to guide readers through the fundamental epidemiology and pathogenesis of SAH, the approach to diagnosis and management, the results of clinical trials and evidence to date, prognostic considerations, controversies, recent developments, and future directions in SAH.

RECENT FINDINGS

Historically, management of SAH focused on prevention and treatment of subsequent cerebral vasospasm, which was thought to be the primary cause of delayed cerebral ischemia. Clinical and translational studies over the past decade, including several therapeutic phase 3 randomized clinical trials, suggest that the pathophysiology of SAH-associated brain injury is multiphasic and multifactorial beyond large vessel cerebral vasospasm. The quest to reduce SAH-associated brain injury and improve outcomes is shifting away from large vessel cerebral vasospasm to a new paradigm targeting multiple brain injury mechanisms, including early brain injury, delayed cerebral ischemia, microcirculatory dysfunction, spreading cortical depolarization, inflammation, and the brain-body interaction in vascular brain injury with critical illness.

Despite multiple negative randomized clinical trials in search of potential therapeutic agents ameliorating the downstream effects after SAH, the overall outcome of SAH has improved over recent decades, likely related to improvements in interventional options for ruptured cerebral aneurysms and in critical care management. Emerging clinical evidence also suggests potential harmful impact of historic empiric treatments for SAH-associated vasospasm, such as prophylactic induction of hypertension, hypervolemia, and hemodilution (triple H therapy).

With decreasing mortality, long-term SAH survivorship and efforts to reduce chronic morbidity and to improve quality of life and patient-centered outcome are growing areas of unmet need. Despite existing guidelines, significant variabilities in local and regional practices and in scientific terminologies have historically limited advancement in SAH care and therapeutic development. Large global collaborative efforts developed harmonized SAH common data elements in 2019, and studies are under way to examine how existing variabilities in SAH care impact long-term SAH outcomes.

Although the overall incidence and mortality of SAH is decreasing with advances in preventive and acute care, SAH remains a major cause of long-term morbidity in survivors. Significant variabilities in care settings and empiric treatment protocols and inconsistent scientific terminologies have limited advancement in patient care and therapeutic clinical studies. Large consensus efforts are under way to introduce clinical guidelines and common data elements to advance therapeutic approaches and improve patient outcome.
Neurologic Outcome Prediction in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Maciel Carolina B.
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

The burden of severe and disabling neurologic injury on survivors, families, and society can be profound. Neurologic outcome prediction, or neuroprognostication, is a complex undertaking with many important ramifications. It allows patients with good prognoses to be supported aggressively, survive, and recover; conversely, it avoids inappropriate prolonged and costly care in those with devastating injuries.

RECENT FINDINGS

Striving to maintain a high prediction performance during prognostic assessments encompasses acknowledging the shortcomings of this task and the challenges created by advances in medicine, which constantly shift the natural history of neurologic conditions. Embracing the unknowns of outcome prediction and the boundaries of knowledge surrounding neurologic recovery and plasticity is a necessary step toward refining neuroprognostication practices and improving the accuracy of prognostic impressions. The pillars of modern neuroprognostication include comprehensive characterization of neurologic injury burden (primary and secondary injuries), gauging cerebral resilience and estimated neurologic reserve, and tying it all together with individual values surrounding the acceptable extent of disability and the difficulties of an arduous convalescence journey.

Comprehensive multimodal frameworks of neuroprognostication using different prognostic tools to portray the burden of neurologic injury coupled with the characterization of individual values and the degree of cerebral reserve and resilience are the cornerstone of modern outcome prediction.
A preferred sequence for organelle inheritance during polarized cell growth
Authors: Li Kathryn W. , Lu Michelle S. , Iwamoto Yuichiro , Drubin David G. , Pedersen Ross T. A.
Published: October 2021

Some organelles cannot be synthesized anew, so they are segregated into daughter cells during cell division. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, daughter cells bud from mother cells and are populated by organelles inherited from the mothers. To determine whether this organelle inheritance occurs in a stereotyped manner, we tracked organelles using fluorescence microscopy. We describe a program for organelle inheritance in budding yeast. The cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and peroxisomes are inherited concomitantly with bud emergence. Next, vacuoles are inherited in small buds, followed closely by mitochondria. Finally, the nucleus and perinuclear ER are inherited when buds have nearly reached their maximal size. Because organelle inheritance timing correlates with bud morphology, which is coupled to the cell cycle, we tested whether disrupting the cell cycle alters organelle inheritance order. By arresting cell cycle progression but allowing continued bud growth, we determined that organelle inheritance still occurs when DNA replication is blocked, and that the general inheritance order is maintained. Thus, organelle inheritance follows a preferred order during polarized cell division and does not require completion of S-phase.
Feeding effects on liver mitochondrial bioenergetics of Boa constrictor (Serpentes: Boidae)
Authors: da Mota Araujo Helena Rachel , Sartori Marina Rincon , Navarro Claudia D. C. , de Carvalho José Eduardo , Luis da Cruz André
Published: October 2021

Snakes are interesting examples of taxa that can overcome energy metabolism challenges, as many species can endure long periods without feeding, and their eventual meals are of reasonably large sizes, thus exhibiting dual extreme adaptations. Consequently, metabolic rate increases considerably to attend to the energetic demand of digestion, absorption and protein synthesis. These animals should be adapted to transition from these two opposite states of energy fairly quickly, and therefore we investigated mitochondrial function plasticity in these states. Herein, we compared liver mitochondrial bioenergetics of the boid snake Boa constrictor during fasting and after meal intake. We fasted the snakes for 60 days, and then we fed a subgroup with 30% of their body size and evaluated their maximum postprandial response. We measured liver respiration rates from permeabilized tissue and isolated mitochondria. From isolated mitochondria, we also measured Ca2+ retention capacity and redox status. Mitochondrial respiration rates were maximized after feeding, reaching an approximately 60% increase from fasting levels when energized with complex I-linked substrates. Interestingly, fasting and fed snakes exhibited similar respiratory control ratios and citrate synthase activity. Furthermore, we found no differences in Ca2+ retention capacity, indicating no increase in susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition, and no changes in mitochondrial redox state, although fed animals exhibited increases in the release of H2O2. Thus, we conclude that liver mitochondria from B. constrictor snakes increase respiration rates during the postprandial period and quickly improve the bioenergetic capacity without compromising redox balance.
Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for the Acute Evaluation and Management of Soccer Players
Authors: Bailowitz Zachary , Visco Christopher J. , Christen Kevin , Ahmad Christopher S.
Published: October 2021

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) has many applications in the care of athletes. This article reviews the current literature and identifies research gaps regarding musculoskeletal US in the athletic training room setting to evaluate and manage soccer players. The best evidence for US in the training room setting is for diagnosis and prognosis of muscle injuries, where studies show that it is equivalent to other imaging modalities. US also has been used for injury risk prediction, although the data are mixed. Many applications of US are described in other sport settings and may have crossover applications to soccer.
Adaptations to Protect Sideline Providers as They Respond to Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sars-CoV-2
Authors: Colbenson Kristin , Asplund Chad A. , Raukar Neha
Published: October 2021

The 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has dramatically changed the sports landscape, compelling sports medical providers to adapt to evolving scientific discoveries and adopt ever-changing guidelines that protect our athletes, ourselves, and our staff. To best serve our athletes, providers need to be proactive and anticipate potential complications in providing care for athletes as athletic events resume.
Evolving Expectations of the Orthopedic Team Physician: Managing the Sidelines and Landmines
Authors: Miller Timothy L. , Jones Grant L. , Hutchinson Mark , Vyas Dharmesh , Borchers James
Published: October 2021

The role of orthopedic team physicians has evolved greatly over the past decade having been influenced by advances in sports science and performance, new surgical and biologic technologies, social media, medicolegal liability, marketing, and sexual misconduct cases by some team physicians. The great variety of events and sports that are covered from high school and collegiate to the Olympic and professional levels requires a myriad of skills outside of the traditional medical training curriculum. In the current climate of increasing media scrutiny from a 24-h news cycle it is imperative for orthopedic team physicians, whether operative or nonoperative, to continually adapt to the needs and expectations of athletes who also are patients. This is especially true in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Orthopedic team physicians' responsibilities continue to evolve ensuring their relevance and necessity on the sidelines and in the training room as well as in the operative suite.
Culling and mortality of dairy cows: why it happens and how it can be mitigated
Authors: Yanga Diniso Simamkele , Jaja Ishmael Festus
Published: October 2021

The United Nations estimates that the global population will total 9.7 billion in 2050. Rapid population growth pose a significant obstacle to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly eradicating hunger and poverty. In view of the expanding population growth, food production ideally should triple to prevent massive food shortages. Sustainable food and nutrition security is the focal point of the dairy industry. Dairy production plays a pivotal role in addressing and advancing global food and nutrition security. It serves as a major source of protein, calcium, and phosphorus in many families in developing countries with a fast-growing population. Consequently, the dairy industry is expected to grow by approximately 26% in the next 10 years and produce an estimated 1077 million tonnes of milk by 2050. However, the growth and distribution of the dairy industry is limited by many factors such as culling and mortality of dairy cows. Several studies highlight reproduction failures, old age, poor milk yield, diseases (mastitis, lameness, and dystocia), and heat stress as some reasons for culling of dairy cows. Hence, this review highlights the factors influencing culling and mortality in dairy production farms, and discusses mitigating measures to limit culling.
COVID19 vaccination choice among Iraqi students at Al-Zahraa University for women
Authors: Hadi Al Kazzaz Hassan
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID19 vaccine rejection is a global issue that most developing countries face. A study of COVID-19 vaccine preference among Al-Zahraa University female students will pave the way to resolving the issue of vaccine rejection among students. Students' preferences and refusals of the COVID19 vaccine were evaluated to determine the reasons for their decisions. 

Methods: This study involved 198 students from Al-Zahraa University for women. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Zahraa University in Karbala, Iraq, to find out which Health and Medical Technology students preferred the COVID19 vaccine. Tests based on statistics made use of frequency and rate data. 

Results: Most students (95%) were over the age of 19. The COVID-19 vaccine was rejected by 138 people (70.4%).  A total of 43 students (28.5%) believed that the COVID19 vaccine may not be completely safe. 49.3% of students were not aware of the differences between the various types of vaccines.  Pfizer was the most preferred by 64 (34.8%), AstraZeneca by 17 (9.2%), and Chinse-Sinovac by only 11 (6%). 20 students (16.4%) believed that with the vaccine they could return to life as it was before the COVID-19 pandemic. Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among Al-Zahara University students may be low in part because of myths, and partly because of the fear of side-effects associated with the vaccine. 

Conclusion:  Information about COVID-19 vaccines should be transparently communicated to the media by health authorities to help the public make informed decisions.
Identity as a construct: reading blackness in Eugene O’neill’s the emperor jones.
Authors: Romero-Pérez María Isabel
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to explore how racialized identities are typified as a modernist construct in Eugene O’Neill’s The Emperor Jones (1920). To this end, the notion of whiteness is identified as a mediated construct and contextualized in the proliferation of American minstrel shows. This popular entertainment projected to white audiences the racial means of differentiation from black caricatures and clichés at the time of segregation. The echoes of minstrel shows and modernists’ instrumentalization of 1920s primitivism serve to initially address the characterization of blackness in Brutus Jones’ identity. Assessed through this in-between construction of symbolic borderlands in which the protagonist is both colonizer and colonized, his blackness becomes a metaphorical mask of otherness while his whiteness shapes the colonial performance of material whiteness. Although he envisions the white ideal in his systematic practices in the Caribbean island, his fragmented identity and his hybridity subject him to a primeval racialized past, to primitivism and atavism.
Elementos iconográficos en Menorca durante el segundo y primer milenios a.C.: aspectos sociales e ideológicos.
Authors: Ferrer Rotger Antoni
Published: October 2021

Las decoraciones incisas lineales aparecen con cierta frecuencia en las cerámicas menorquinas a partir de finales del segundo milenio a.C., convirtiéndose en elementos habituales a lo largo de todo el primer milenio a.C. Motivos parecidos aparecen habitualmente en objetos metálicos de los mismos periodos. Por otro lado, los grabados rupestres se documentan de forma esporádica en las cavidades funerarias de la isla. En este trabajo se exponen diversos elementos de continuidad en las representaciones, a lo largo del periodo estudiado, y se realizan algunas inferencias sobre la dimensión social e ideológica de dichas decoraciones. Por otro lado, se comparan algunos aspectos iconográficos de las cerámicas, los artefactos de metal y los grabados rupestres documentados en la isla. Las similitudes existentes permiten reforzar la cronología prehistórica de algunos de los grabados y proponer una interpretación cultual para algunas de las decoraciones cerámicas.
Orientación solar del Traianeum de Italica (Santiponce, Sevilla, España).
Authors: Escacena Carrasco José Luis , Esteban López César , Vargas-Vázquez Sebastián
Published: October 2021

El Traianeum fue un gran complejo sacro del siglo II d.C. construido por el emperador Adriano en la antigua ciudad de Italica (Santiponce, Sevilla, España), situada en la provincia Baetica. Su nombre actual nace de la hipótesis de que dicho templo estuvo dedicado al culto imperial de Trajano. En este artículo se trabaja con esta interpretación. Los datos sobre su alineación astronómica muestran que la construcción pudo estar orientada hacia el ocaso solar del solsticio de invierno, aunque se accedía al templo por la fachada oriental. Inmediatamente después de este fenómeno astronómico, el mundo romano celebraba el Dies Natalis Solis. Estos datos se ponen en relación simbólica con diversos rasgos del edificio y de los emperadores Trajano y Adriano.
Measuring Product Type and Purchase Uncertainty with Online Product Ratings: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Application
Authors: Chen Peiyu , Hitt Lorin M. , Hong Yili , Wu Shinyi
Published: October 2021

Search and experience goods, as well as vertical and horizontal differentiation, are fundamental concepts of great importance to business operations and strategy. In our paper, we propose a set of theory-grounded data-driven measures that allow us to measure not only product type (search vs. experience and horizontal vs. vertical differentiation) but also sources of uncertainty and to what extent consumer reviews help resolve uncertainty. We used product rating data from Amazon.com to illustrate the relative importance of fit in driving product utility and the importance of search for determining fit for each product category at Amazon. Our results also show that, whereas ratings based on verified purchasers are informative of objective product values, the current Amazon review system appears to have limited ability to resolve fit uncertainty. Industry practitioners could utilize our approaches to quantitatively measure product positioning to support marketing strategy for retailers and manufacturers, covering an expanded group of products.
Sourcing from a Self-Reporting Supplier: Strategic Communication of Social Responsibility in a Supply Chain
Authors: Lu Tao , Tomlin Brian
Published: October 2021

Problem definition: To manage supplier social responsibility (SR), some firms have adopted a self-assessment strategy whereby they ask suppliers to self-report SR capabilities. Self-reported information is difficult to verify, and this leads to an important credibility question: can a buyer expect truthful reporting? We examine whether a supplier’s SR capability can be credibly communicated through free and unverifiable self-reporting. Academic/practical relevance: SR is a strategic focus for firms because consumers care about ethical production. Some firms rely on supplier self-assessment as part of their SR strategy. It is important to understand the value and challenges of this approach. Methodology: We develop a cheap talk model of a supplier and a buyer. The supplier is endowed with a given SR level (privately known to the supplier) that represents the probability of no violation. The buyer sells in a market that is sensitive to publicized SR violations. The supplier first communicates its SR level to the buyer, and then the buyer chooses between two audit stringency levels to conduct on the supplier and also chooses how much to order. Results: Influential truthful communication may emerge in equilibrium if (i) the buyer orders a larger quantity from the high-type supplier but imposes a more stringent audit than the buyer would for the low type and (ii) the high-type supplier opts for this larger order, whereas the low-type, fearing audit failure, does not. The buyer can benefit as the audit becomes more expensive. Managerial implications: Supplier SR self-assessments can be a valuable strategy for buyers but only if the buyer has access to auditing capabilities of different levels and does not precommit to a particular level. It is valuable for firms to engage in an up-front auditing step to ensure a minimum SR capability of approved suppliers because very low-performing suppliers never truthfully report. Implementing supplier self-assessments may or may not help reduce the social damage resulting from potential SR violations; we identify situations when it helps and when it does not.
O Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro, Maria Martins e a institucionalização da arte moderna no Brasil
Authors: Russel Emmanuele , Caspary Gabriela
Published: October 2021

O artigo analisa o período formativo do Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (1948-1958). Examina documentação da época, explorando as relações políticas, sociais e culturais que envolveram a construção de sua sede própria e a gênese de seu acervo. Nesse quadro, procura pensar sobre a atuação de Maria Martins neste processo institucional.
Do zero de novo: travessias entre o vazio e o infinito
Authors: Bertagna Letícia
Published: October 2021

O ensaio reflete sobre a presença do zero em algumas obras de arte contemporânea através de considerações a respeito do próprio processo artístico e de trabalhos de artistas como Rivane Neuenschwander e Cildo Meireles, investigando a potência paradoxal do zero como um signo capaz de articular as ideias de vazio e infinito.
A pesquisa em Artes Visuais nas revistas acadêmicas
Authors: Sá Alexandre , Grisolli Mario , Correa Rayssa Veríssimo , Kurz Rudolf
Published: October 2021

Este artigo busca analisar, de maneira sucinta, parte da produção das revistas acadêmicas de Artes Visuais no território brasileiro. Diante da amplitude do tema, optou-se, neste primeiro momento, pelo estabelecimento de um pequeno panorama dos periódicos A1 da área, visando estabelecer relações entre as produções e seus processos avaliativos, bem como suas conexões com as estruturas econômicas, culturais, geográficas e respectivos apoios institucionais. Para realizar esta pesquisa, utilizou-se uma metodologia de cunho quantitativo e qualitativo aliada à pesquisa bibliográfica.
Construção de Cenários do Governo Bolsonaro Acerca das Relações Entre Brasil e Oriente Médio l Bolsonaro Government’s Construction of Scenarios About Relations Between Brazil and The Middle East
Authors: De Araújo Gomes Maiko Jhonata
Published: October 2021

Através do uso da metodologia qualitativa de construção de cenários, o artigo busca analisar as relações entre Brasil e Oriente Médio, com foco no governo vigente de Jair Messias Bolsonaro, com o intuito de apresentar os possíveis cenários que podem vir à tona com base nas relações atuais. Dessa forma, nota-se nessa primeira metade do governo Bolsonaro, uma ruptura dos padrões adotados durante os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) para com o Oriente Médio, de modo que houve a adoção de um alinhamento ideológico aos Estados Unidos da América e, consequentemente, aos aliados do governo estadunidense no Oriente Médio, principalmente Israel. Dado o exposto, a hipótese aqui observada é que a Política Externa Brasileira (PEB) do atual governo, direcionada para os países do Oriente Médio, segue questões ideológicas, ao ponto de que os futuros cenários na região variam de acordo com o país em questão.Palavras-chave: Construção de cenários; Relações Brasil-Oriente Médio; Governo Bolsonaro. ABSTRACTUsing the qualitative methodology of scenario construction, the article seeks to analyze the relations between Brazil and the Middle East, focusing on the current government of Jair Messias Bolsonaro, in order to present the possible scenarios that may come to light based on the current relationships. Thus, in this first half of the Bolsonaro government, there is a break with the standards adopted during the Workers' Party (PT) governments towards the Middle East, in such a way that there was the adoption of an ideological alignment with the United States of America and, consequently, to the American government's allies in the Middle East, mainly Israel. Given the above, the hypothesis observed here is that the Brazilian Foreign Policy (BFP) of the current government, aimed at countries in the Middle East, follows ideological issues, to the point that future scenarios in the region vary according to the country in question.Keywords: Scenarios construction; Brazil-Middle East relations; Bolsonaro government. Recebido em: 28/08/2020 | Aceito em: 10/02/2021.
Indicadores do processo de ensino aprendizagem do registro em prontuário no contexto da Terapia Ocupacional hospitalar
Authors: Bombarda Tatiana Barbieri , Joaquim Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian
Published: October 2021

Indicadores sobre inconformidades na prática dos registros em prontuário realizados por terapeutas ocupacionais são evidenciados na literatura, sendo questionado o preparo ofertado no âmbito da graduação e pós-graduação sobre a formação dada a este procedimento. Este estudo visa compreender o processo de ensino aprendizagem do registro em prontuário na área de contextos hospitalares presentes nos cursos brasileiros de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, sendo os participantes docentes de disciplinas teóricas e de estágio profissionalizante em contextos hospitalares dos cursos de Terapia Ocupacional, bem como alunos em prática de estágio profissionalizante em Terapia Ocupacional hospitalar. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário online, sendo os dados analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e teste Qui-Quadrado. Participaram do estudo 15 docentes e 33 alunos, os quais sinalizaram a narrativa livre como principal modelo de registro utilizado nas anotações em prontuário. Foram constatadas fragilidades no conteúdo de registros de avaliação, intervenção e alta, e, escasso ensino sobre a elaboração de indicadores de produtividade, qualidade assistencial e compra e controle de materiais. As inconsistências verificadas no processo de ensino aprendizagem do registro em prontuário no âmbito da graduação brasileira indicam a necessidade de maiores investimentos na formação sobre a prática documental para assim garantir anotações qualificadas na prática profissional.
Hábito de tabagismo entre adolescentes de escolas brasileiras
Authors: Klein Tania Aparecida Silva , Mônaco Beatriz Nazo Nazo , Santos Giovanna Ivy Prado , Silva Bruna Alves , Zômpero Andreia Freitas
Published: October 2021

Mesmo com a gama de informações disponíveis sobre os malefícios causados pela exposição contínua à nicotina, o tabaco ainda se encontra na segunda posição no ranking de drogas lícitas mais consumidas segundo o INCA. Esta pesquisa faz parte de um projeto maior que tem como tema central a implementação de atividades pedagógicas sobre tabagismo e adolescência, nas escolas do município de Londrina - PR, tendo como foco adolescentes com idades entre 14 e 20 anos. Os objetivos do trabalho foram identificar a causa do interesse dos jovens pelo hábito do tabagismo, assim como o interesse do adolescente fumante pelo consumo das diferentes formas do tabagismo (cigarro, narguilé e/ou cigarro eletrônico/vape) e quais as influências para o consumo do tabagismo entre adolescentes. Foi aplicado um questionário junto aos alunos do Ensino Médio, matriculados em escolas públicas da região periférica e central do município de Londrina/PR. Os resultados indicaram que 39,4% já tiveram interesse e já experimentaram uma das três formas de tabagismo (cigarro, narguilé e/ou cigarro eletrônico/vape), além disso, o hábito de fumar narguilé foi o que mais apareceu entre os estudantes. Ressalta-se que a escola, por suas características, torna-se um ambiente de excelência para realização de práticas educativas para prevenir o consumo de cigarro entre os adolescentes.Palavras-chave: Tabagismo, adolescência, escola, educação em saúde.
A Systematic Review of Parent Training for Children with Communication Disorders in Korea
Authors: Lee Youngmee , Park Heesun , Lee Youjin
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the research trends in regards to parent training and the speech and language development of children with communication disorders in Korea, to evaluate the effectiveness of parent training for improvement of children’s communication skills, and to provide evidence-based directions for parent training.Methods: A search of 4 databases, and manual searching resulted in the identification of 1,222 relevant articles in domestic journals. The 19 articles published from 2001 to 2020 in domestic journals were selected according to the Participants, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes (PICO) criteria. Three authors did article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Risk of Bias for Nonrandomized studies (ROBANS).Results: First, the quality of selected articles was high overall. Second, very few studies have empirically examined the effectiveness of parent training intervention on the speech and language development of children with communication disorders. Third, most programs have been provided for mothers and no program focused on supporting fathers. Most programs focused on infants, toddlers, and preschoolers with communication disorders. Fourth, regarding studies on research type and method of data collection; most studies were conducted by experimental study. Lastly, areas of measurement involved participant interactions, development, parent perceptions, and parent experiences. The research studies reported positive effects of parent training intervention on the speech and language development of children with communication disorders.Conclusion: Based on these results, we discussed the limitations of identified studies and limitations of the current systematic review are discussed, as well as implications of the findings for research and practice for children with communication disorders regarding parent training intervention.
The Effect of Core Vocabulary Extension Program for Children with Inconsistent SSD
Authors: Ko Yoo-Kyeong , Kim Soo-Jin
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Core Vocabulary Extension Program for establishing speech sound consistency on speech inconsistency and accuracy of children with inconsistent SSD.Methods: Four children with inconsistent SSD aged 3-5 years who exhibited speech sound inconsistency, phonological error patterns, and articulation problems at the same time participated in this study. The program of this study used a core vocabulary approach and a multi-sensory approach, and parental support was provided at the same time. The experimental design used a multiple probe baseline design, with 3-5 baseline evaluations, 10 treatment evaluations, and 3 maintenance evaluations were performed. Data analysis of dependent variables, mean, trend line slope, standard deviation, immediate effect of treatment, and ratio of non-overlapping data (PND) were analyzed.Results: As a result of the study, inconsistency was reduced and articulation ability was improved. Speech inconsistency improvement was effective in all four participating children, but accuracy improvement was only effective in three children.Conclusion: This study is significant in that it confirmed the therapeutic effect of the Core Vocabulary Extension Program which integrated a multisensory approach and parent coaching based on a core vocabulary approach on speech sound inconsistency and accuracy of children with severe speech sound disorder accompanied by intellectual problems and language disorders. In the future, it is necessary to apply a phonological approach to remove the remaining phonological error patterns after speech consistency is established and to confirm the effectiveness of the phonological approach