bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of mixed matrix membranes with in situ synthesized zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8, ZIF-67) in polyethersulfone polymer for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Jonnalagedda Aditya , Kuncharam Bhanu Vardhan Reddy
Published: August 2024

CO2/CH4 separation using fabricated ZIF-8, ZIF-67, in situ ZIF-8, in situ ZIF-67 and PES MMMs. Increase of crystallinity in membranes and increase in Tg was observed. Significant enhancement of CO2 permeability of MMMs was achieved.
In vitro and in silico studies of alpha glucosidase inhibition and antifungal activity of coffea canephora husk
Authors: Mai Tran Thi Ngoc , Minh Phan Nhat , Phat Nguyen Tan , Thanh Chi Mai , Chi Hien Dang , Nguyen Van-Kieu , Duong Thuc Huy , Nha Tran Thanh , Minh An Tran Nguyen , Huyen Tran Nguyen Ngoc , Tri Mai Dinh
Published: August 2024

The coffea canephora husk, a protected agricultural crop, is abundant in Vietnam.
Self-assembled monolayer of poly(o-phenylenediamine)/silver core–shell hybrid-based enzyme-free impedimetric glucose sensor for blood samples
Authors: Deo Mukul , Sahoo Devleena , Kar Pradip
Published: August 2024

A core–shell hybrid of poly(o-phenylenediamine)/silver was prepared by a simple single-step process and self-assembled on a glassy carbon electrode to design an enzyme-free impedimetric glucose sensor.
Transformation of 5-acylated N-fluoroalkyl-1,2,3-triazoles to trifluoromethylated ring-fused isoquinolines, 1,3-oxazines, and 1,3-oxazin-6-ones via ketenimines
Authors: Janecký Lukáš , Klepetářová Blanka , Beier Petr
Published: August 2024

A new synthetic approach towards trifluoromethylated heterocycles, based on the reaction of 5-acylated N-fluoroalkyl substituted 1,2,3-triazoles under microwave heating, proceeding via ketenimines is presented.
Novel Fe/Ca oxide co-embedded coconut shell biochar for phosphorus recovery from agricultural return flows
Authors: Hu Anqi , Jiang Yongcan , An Jiaqi , Huang Xiaodian , Elgarhy Abdelbaky Hossam , Cao Huafen , Liu Guanglong
Published: August 2024

A Fe/Ca oxide co-embedded biochar (FCBC) was prepared by FeCl2 and CaO2 as precursors. FCBC had excellent phosphorus adsorption properties under alkaline conditions. FCBC recovered over 94% of phosphorus from agricultural return flows.
Montmorillonite K-10 catalyzed synthesis of Hantzsch dihydropyridine derivatives from methyl arenes via in situ generated ammonia under microwave irradiation in neat conditions
Authors: Singh Vishal , Rajput Khushbu , Singh Sundaram , Srivastava Vandana
Published: August 2024

Solvent-free synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine catalyzed by montmorillonite K-10 involves oxidation of methyl arenes and in situ-generated ammonia from urea hydrogen peroxide under microwave irradiation.
Improving the cycling stability of lithium metal anodes through separator modification with nano-molybdenum powder
Authors: Li Lei , Wu Yu , Hu Chunhong , Li Juanjuan , Guo Xin
Published: August 2024

The nano-molybdenum modified separator effectively inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites and the shuttle effect of polysulfides.
Reaction of methylene blue with OH radicals in the aqueous environment: mechanism, kinetics, products and risk assessment
Authors: Vo Quan V. , Thao Luu Thi Thu , Manh Tran Duc , Bay Mai Van , Truong-Le Bich-Tram , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Mechler Adam
Published: August 2024

Methylene blue in the environment is of moderate concern, depending on the ratio of safe to harmful breakdown products.
High-performance ultraviolet detector based on self-assembled 3D/2D perovskite heterostructure
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Ning Mengxin , Wang Qiaohe , Liang Yachuan , Li Sen , Li Zijiong , Wang Lingli , Wang Yan , Jiang Liying
Published: August 2024

Heterogeneous assembly of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) structures offers convenience for promoting the interfacial properties of perovskite heterojunctions, which have been widely used in the new generation of photoelectric devices.
Introduction to the RSC Advances Emerging Investigators Series 2023
Authors: Dumoulin Fabienne , Nakagaki Shirley
Published: August 2024

Dr Fabienne Dumoulin and Professor Shirley Nakagaki are delighted to introduce the RSC Advances Emerging Investigators series, which highlights some of the very best work of early career researchers.
Modelling the impact of mass transport in a miniplant photoreactor
Authors: Gaulhofer Florian , Becker Henning , Peschl Alexander , Ziegenbalg Dirk
Published: August 2024

Transient 2D photoreactor simulations show mass transport limits and a shrinking reaction zone at high intensities, ultimately limiting performance. Static mixers could improve the transversal dispersion 6-fold and hence the conversion 1.27-fold.
Interplay between element-specific distortions and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution for cobalt–iron hydroxides
Authors: Alsaç Elif Pınar , Boke Marlyn , Bissonnette Justine R. , Smith Rodney D. L.
Published: August 2024

The response of Co1−xFex(OH)2 electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction to changes in voltage correlates to element specific distortions. These angular distortions are caused by inequality between Fe–O and Co–O bond lengths.
Reversible C–C bond formation in group 4 metal complexes: nitrile extrusion via β-aryl elimination
Authors: Kulyabin Pavel S. , Goryunov Georgy P. , Iashin Andrei N. , Mladentsev Dmitry Y. , Uborsky Dmitry V. , Ehm Christian , Canich Jo Ann M. , Hagadorn John R. , Voskoboynikov Alexander Z.
Published: August 2024

Zr and Hf pyridylamides reversibly insert nitriles into M–CAr bond and release them back with cleavage of the formed C–C bond, regeneration of the M–CAr bond and the free nitrile: a first example of β-aryl elimination in early transition metals.
Unprecedented selectivity for homologous lectin targets: differential targeting of the viral receptors L-SIGN and DC-SIGN
Authors: Delaunay Clara , Pollastri Sara , Thépaut Michel , Cavazzoli Gianluca , Belvisi Laura , Bouchikri Clémentine , Labiod Nuria , Lasala Fatima , Gimeno Ana , Franconetti Antonio , Jiménez-Barbero Jesús , Ardá Ana , Delgado Rafael , Bernardi Anna , Fieschi Franck
Published: August 2024

DC-SIGN and L-SIGN are C-type lectin receptors that act as viral coreceptors for SARS-CoV-2. Their distinct tissue localization justifies the search for a selective ligand for L-SIGN, despite their high homology suggesting the task hard to achieve.
Directional growth and reconstruction of ultrafine uranium oxide nanorods within single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Luyao , Wang Kun , Zhao Xin , Yang Guoping , Jiang Yulong , Yang Feng
Published: August 2024

We realized the confined assembly of uranyl within single-walled carbon nanotubes and unveiled the directional growth and reconstruction of U4O9 nanorods in nanochannels enabled by in situ transmission electron microscopy e-beam stimulation.
A unique trimeric triphenylene radical cation: stacking aggregation, bonding, and stability
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rameswar , McCormack Megan E. , Zhou Zheng , Wei Zheng , Petrukhina Marina A. , Kertesz Miklos
Published: August 2024

A unique trimeric radical cation with unequal charge distribution is obtained by chemical oxidation of triphenylene with GaCl3. XRD determined structure is combined with computational modeling showing stabilizing pancake bonding in the π-stacks.
Antitumor effects of a Sb-rich polyoxometalate on non-small-cell lung cancer by inducing ferroptosis and apoptosis
Authors: Lin Jie-Wei , Zhou Yang , Xiao Hui-Ping , Wu Lei-Lei , Li Peng-Cheng , Huang Ming-Dong , Xie Dong , Xu Peng , Li Xin-Xiong , Li Zhi-Xin
Published: August 2024

This study first reveals the ferroptosis antitumor mechanism of a Sb-rich polyoxometalate (POM) for non-small cell lung cancer therapy and demonstrates ferroptosis and apoptosis as a highly potent antitumor strategy for POM-based antitumor therapy.
Exclusive generation of a superoxide radical by a porous aromatic framework for fast photocatalytic decontamination of mustard gas simulant in room air
Authors: Song Jian , Lei Hengtao , Zhai Yuhui , Dou Zilong , Ding Yongyue , Han Xueyan , Cui Fengchao , Tian Yuyang , Zhu Guangshan
Published: August 2024

Photoactive PAF-68 was used to specifically initiate superoxide anion as the reactive oxygen species for oxidative degradation, showing rapid degradation ability towards the mustard gas simulant CEES in room air, as fast as in pure oxygen.
Preparation of fluorine-doped α-Ni hydroxides as alkaline water electrolysis catalysts via the liquid phase deposition method
Authors: Watanabe Tomoyuki , Tsuchimoto Kenko , Fukushima Tomohiro , Murakoshi Kei , Mizuhata Minoru , Minamimoto Hiro
Published: August 2024

A room-temperature liquid phase process was utilized to prepare α-Ni(OH)2 thin films with high crystallinity for use as oxygen evolution reaction catalysts under strongly alkaline conditions. It was observed that the incorporation of fluorine led to relatively higher catalytic activity.
Phoresis kernel theory for passive and active spheres with nonuniform phoretic mobility
Authors: Nourhani Amir
Published: August 2024

Phoresis kernels define the local contribution of driving field or flux to the overall translational and rotational dynamics of the microswimmer.
Unveiling the deformability of mussel plaque core: the role of pore distribution and hierarchical structure
Authors: Lyu Yulan , Tan Mengting , Pang Yong , Sun Wei , Li Shuguang , Liu Tao
Published: August 2024

The high deformability and multi-scale porous microstructure of the mussel plaque.
A Nix:Vy–Se nanoparticle decorated hierarchical porous Zn–Co–P nanowire array electrode for high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Dai JiuYi , Singh Soram Bobby , Bollu Manoj , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: August 2024

Using a novel bi-metallic Nix:Vy–Se/Zn–Co–P heterogeneous electrode as a high-performance positive electrode, a high energy density asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor device is fabricated.
Integrating crystallographic and computational approaches to carbon-capture materials for the mitigation of climate change
Authors: Cockayne Eric , McDannald Austin , Wong-Ng Winnie , Chen Yu-Sheng , Benedict Jason , Gándara Barragán Felipe , Hendon Christopher H. , Keen David A. , Kolb Ute , Li Lan , Ma Shengqian , Morris William , Nandy Aditya , Runčevski Tomče , Soukri Mustapha , Sriram Anuroop , Steckel Janice A. , Findley John , Wilmer Chris , Yildirim Taner , Zhou Wei , Levin Igor , Brown Craig
Published: August 2024

This article presents a perspective on the state of the art in the structure determination of microporous carbon-capture materials and paths toward future progress in this field, as discussed the NIST workshop of the same title.
Metronidazole-modified Au@BSA nanocomposites for dual sensitization of radiotherapy in solid tumors
Authors: Du Qijun , Yuen Ho-Yin , Pan Jingke , Sun Chenwei , Wu Di , Liu Jie , Wu Guohua , Zhao Xin , Wang Shuqi
Published: August 2024

A dual-sensitizing ABMN nanocomposite was designed and developed to improve the sensitivity of radiotherapy to tumor cells and promote the efficacy of tumor cell killing by exploiting the tumor microenvironment's oxygen deficiency.
Recent advances in sodium alginate-based dressings for targeted drug delivery in the context of diabetic wound healing
Authors: Astaneh Mohammad Ebrahim , Hashemzadeh Alireza , Fereydouni Narges
Published: August 2024

This review covers advanced diabetic wound dressing materials, including chitosan–alginate hydrogels, nanofiber mats, and core–shell nanostructures, highlighting the role of nanotechnology and biomimetic scaffolds in improving healing outcomes.
An intelligent NIR-IIb-responsive lanthanide@metal–organic framework core–shell nanocatalyst for combined deep-tumor therapy
Authors: Jiang Chaoqun , Chen Yu , Li Xiaolong , Li Youbin
Published: August 2024

This study has developed a multifunctional UCNPs@ZrMOF@ICG nanocomposite by combining 1532 nm light-triggered deep tissue PDT and near-infrared (NIR) light-driven PTT for personalized cancer therapy.
Enhanced photoresponse through van der Waals heterostructure integration: p-GaSe and n-MoSe2 on h-BN substrate
Authors: Osman Makkawi , Hassan Haseebul , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Jameel Muhammad Hasnain , Arain Samia , Althubeiti Khaled , Aljohani Mohammed , Elahi Ehsan , Mumtaz Sidra
Published: August 2024

Attention towards heterostructures developed using 2D materials has surged due to their versatile capabilities in electronic devices.
Tunability of topological edge states in germanene at room temperature
Authors: Klaassen Dennis J. , Boutis Ilias , Castenmiller Carolien , Bampoulis Pantelis
Published: August 2024

Germanene maintains its topological edge states at room temperature despite thermal smearing of the bulk band gap. These states can be controlled by a perpendicular electric field, highlighting its potential for low-energy electronic applications.
Linker engineering of benzothiadiazole and its derivative-based covalent organic frameworks for efficient photocatalytic oxidative amine coupling and hydrogen peroxide generation
Authors: Han Chao-Qin , Guo Jia-Xin , Wang Lei , Sun Shuai , Lv Jie , Sun Xiaokang , Hu Hanlin , Huang Xiaoxi , Liu Xiao-Yuan
Published: August 2024

Benzothiadiazole and its derivative-based COFs were prepared, in which benzothiadiazole-based COF exhibits superior photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of amine coupling, while the naphthothiadiazole-based COF shows the highest H2O2 production rate.
Development of low-temperature SnO2–Au gas sensors for H2S detection in food freshness monitoring
Authors: Park Kee-Ryung , Kwon Jinhyeong , Choi Hyeunseok
Published: August 2024

A handheld food freshness monitoring device is fabricated using a SnO2–Au 0.5 wt% nanostructure-based gas sensor, showing good sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability for H2S gas.
Enhanced light-emitting transistors utilizing multi-dimensional CsPbBr3 perovskite films and PVP-modified ZTO semiconductor layers
Authors: Zhang Xingyu , Guo Min , Li Jia , Song Bo , Meng Fanwen , Wang Zitong , Lou Zhidong , Hou Yanbing , Hu Yufeng , Teng Feng
Published: August 2024

The introduction of the PVP modification layer enables the perovskite light-emitting transistor to operate stably and achieve surface emission.
Enhancing microgrid performance: Optimal proactive reactive power dispatch using photovoltaic active power forecasts
Authors: Casilimas‐Peña Alexander , Rosen Karol , Angeles‐Camacho César
Published: August 2024

Microgrids with substantial incorporation of distributed renewable energy sources face challenges such as magnitude voltage rise, frequency variations, and power quality issues. A novel method is proposed to managing and controlling reactive power within microgrids with high integration of photovoltaic panels. The proactive dispatch is carried out for a few minutes in advance, using power forecast and the inverters of the photovoltaic installations as reactive energy providers. The goal is to stabilise voltage levels and reduce overall energy losses. Optimising reactive power poses a non‐convex problem. The presented method tackles this challenge by employing Conic approximations and Wirtinger calculus techniques to convert and frame the issue within a convex framework, simplifying its resolution. It primarily concentrates on fine‐tuning reactive power output from photovoltaic inverters to minimise overall losses and maintain stable magnitude voltage levels. To enable the reactive power dispatch, a Markov switching forecasting model that uses on‐site data, including sky imagery and other external variables, predicting active power generation every 6 minutes. The proposed technique is evaluated in a CIGRE test network, showing an average loss reduction between 14% and 66% for sunny and cloudy conditions with different levels of PV penetration, this while maintaining the steady state voltages in range.
Search for rotating radio transients in three years of monitoring data
Authors: Tyul’bashev S. A. , Kitaeva M. A. , Pervoukhin D. V. , Tyul’basheva G. E. , Brylyakova E. A. , Chernosov A. V. , Ovchinnikov I. L.
Published: August 2024

The search for rotating radio transients (RRATs) was carried out at a frequency of 111 MHz, as daily observations carried out on the Large Phased Array (LPA) radio telescope at declinations of −9° < δ < +42°. Overall, 19 new RRATs were discovered for dispersion measures (DMs) from 2.5 to 72.6 pc cm−3. Estimates of the periods were obtained for three RRATs, with two of them (J0408+28; J0440+35) located at distances of 134 and 136 pc from Sun, placing them among the closest of all known RRATs.
Dissecting the planetary nebula NGC 4361 with MUSE
Authors: Walsh J. R. , Monreal Ibero A. , Laging J. , Romeijnders M.
Published: August 2024

Context. Optical integral field spectroscopy of planetary nebulae (PNe) offers a unique tool to explore the spatial relationships between the complex mixture of the many components (neutral, low- and high-ionisation gas, dust, and the central star) and their underlying physical conditions.

Aims. The optical line and continuum emission in the very-high-ionisation Galactic PN, NGC 4361, were mapped to study the distribution of ionisation, extinction, electron temperature, and density.

Methods. Based on commissioning data, MUSE Wide Field (60×60″) normal-mode (4750–9300 Å) observations of NGC 4361 were reduced. The PN is larger than a single MUSE field and only the central 1 arcmin2 of the PN was observed in good conditions. Emission images in recombination and collisionally excited lines were extracted and the line ratios provided the dust extinction, electron density and temperature, and ionic abundances using standard techniques. A family of compact low-ionisation knots (dubbed ‘freckles’) was discovered and techniques developed to measure their spectra, independently of the extended high-ionisation medium.

Results. The nebula is confirmed as optically thin in the H-ionising continuum, based on its very low He I emission, even to the edges of the field. The electron temperature, Te, is shown to have a large-scale spatially coherent structure, as indicated by a previous long-slit spectrum. Prior to this study, no low-ionisation emission had been positively detected, although MUSE revealed both weak extended [N II] and [O II] and >100 spatially unresolved knots. There are several linear associations of these knots, but none of them point convincingly back to the central star. They have low-to-moderate ionisation with Te ~ 11 000 K, Ne ~ 1500 cm−3 and generally exhibit a higher extinction than the extended high-ionisation nebula. Within the MUSE field, a low-redshift emission-line galaxy was serendipitously found to be hiding behind NGC 4361. The spectrum of this dwarf galaxy was carefully extracted from the bright foreground nebular emission and the galaxy’s line and continuum properties were then determined.

Conclusions. NGC 4361 is not completely optically thin, as indicated by several extended regions and many compact features of lower ionisation emission. The low-ionisation ’freckles’ identified here do not clearly appear to differ in (He, N, O, S) abundance with respect to the extended high-ionisation gas. The spatial distribution and radial velocities of these features suggest that they belong to a thick disk oriented perpendicular to the large-scale nebular gas, which may perhaps be remnants of an earlier structure. The low-luminosity disk galaxy at ~87 Mpc has bright H II regions with metallicity 12+log(O/H) ≅ 8.4 and is suggested to be a Magellanic irregular or low-mass spiral.
Accurate COVID-19 detection using full blood count data and machine learning
Authors: Yang Richard , Chen Ding , Yang Qingping , Qiu Yang , Wang Fang
Published: August 2024

COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide in the past three years, triggering partial and full lockdowns globally. The successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic on a global scale depended heavily upon the accurate detection of COVID-19. However, the main diagnostic tests for COVID-19 have some significant limitations, e.g. the major nucleic acid (RT-PCR) tests while having a high sensitivity are time-consuming and require expensive equipment with the shortage of test kits in many countries. Antigen lateral flow tests have a lower sensitivity and they cannot be used during the early pandemic as well as usually more expensive than the full or complete blood count test used in this paper which can be potentially performed using a finger blood sample. The last decade has seen rapid growth of AI, particularly deep learning, which has found wide applications in medical image analysis, with results comparable to and even surpassing human expert performance. There have been several machine learning models reported for COVID-19 diagnostics or prognosis predictions, most of them based on CT and X-ray images. In this paper we have applied traditional machine learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based deep learning to the blood test data obtained from hematology analyzers and demonstrated that the AI models can be used to detect COVID-19 with a high degree of accuracy (>97%). The performance of different classifiers will be compared and discussed. The work should have potential applications in current COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Thick interface coupling technique for weakly dispersive models of waves
Authors: Parisot Martin
Published: August 2024

The primary focus of this work is the coupling of dispersive free-surface flow models through the utilization of a thick interface coupling technique. The initial step involves introducing a comprehensive framework applicable to various dispersive models, demonstrating that classical weakly dispersive models are encompassed within this framework. Next, a thick interface coupling technique, well-established in hyperbolic framework, is applied. This technique enables the formulation of unified models across different subdomains, each corresponding to a specific dispersive model. The unified model preserves the conservation of mechanical energy, provided it holds for each initial dispersive model. We propose a numerical scheme that preserve the projection structure at the discrete level and as a consequence is entropy-satisfying when the continuous model conserve the mechanical energy. We perform a deep numerical analysis of the waves reflected by the interface. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of the method with two applications known to pose problems for dispersive models, namely the imposition of a time signal as a boundary condition or the imposition of a transparent boundary condition, and wave propagation over a discontinuous bathymetry.
Effect of rolling reduction rate on the forming of microstructures on the surface of 2024 aluminum alloy
Authors: Xu Zhenhai , Feng Tong , Shan Debin
Published: August 2024

The influence of the rolling reduction rate on the microstructure filling behaviour of the surface of 2024 aluminum alloy was investigated. We measured the forming height of the microstructure under different process parameters and used scanning electron microscopy to capture the surface topography and analysed the appearance of cracks and holes. In the process of rolling, the filling height of the 2024 aluminum alloy increases with the increase of the reduction rate, and the forming quality of the surface microstructure deteriorates with the increase of the reduction rate, and more microcracks and holes appear on the surface of the microstructure, and these defects are formed because of the introduction of additional tensile stress due to the uneven deformation.
Challenges with application of additive manufacturing in energy sector
Authors: Sekula Robert , Kmita Grzegorz , Haghighat Naeini Elham
Published: August 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is treated as a significant contributor to sustainability due to lower energy consumption, less material usage and reduced number of wastes generated when comparing with traditional manufacturing technologies. Currently there is a lot of commercial applications of such new technology in number of industry segments. However, such sector as high voltage engineering still struggles with number of challenges when considering additive manufacturing. In products working in high voltage environment, very often, in addition to mechanical loads there are demanding conditions, as elevated temperature and presence of insulation oil or gas. This requires a special approach to printing quality of the printed structures without internal voids and in case of metals, with improved electrical conductivity. In the paper, few examples of additive manufacturing applications in area of power products have been presented, including printed transformer insulation, printed copper, and application of AM for spare parts. For each case, the main challenges have been discussed.
Process window for manufacturing soft magnetic FeSi 6.5% by laser metal deposition
Authors: Karami Rasoul , Butler David , Javadi Yashar , Tamimi Saeed
Published: August 2024

This study introduces Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) for the first time in manufacturing FeSi 6.5%, a crucial soft magnetic material. The investigation focuses on the impact of energy density on fabrication, emphasizing porosity, crack formation, and identifying an optimal processing window. Results reveal a significant correlation between energy density and defects. An increase in energy density from 54 to 82 J/mm^2 leads to pronounced porosity and cracks. However, within 61 to 68 J/mm^2, an optimal processing window emerges, ensuring minimal defects (< 0.3% porosity) and crack-free structures. Notably, manufacturing high silicon-content electrical steels without cracks is extremely challenging, but this study achieves it. Through systematic analysis, this research underscores the vital role of energy density in shaping the quality of FeSi 6.5% thin walls parts. These insights improve LMD parameters, advancing the manufacturing of soft magnetic materials.
Effect of electric field direction on the interdiffusion of Ni-Al binary alloys
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang DongJun , Wang ZhiNan
Published: August 2024

The effect of electric field direction on atomic diffusion in NiAl binary alloy was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation method. Different interfacial diffusion models for NiAl binary alloy were simulated, and an electric field was applied on the Ni(110)//Al(110) interface diffusion model to study the effect of electric field direction on the diffusion behavior of Ni and Al atoms. The results indicated that, due to the difference in activation energies for Ni and Al atom inter-diffusion, applying an electric field in the same direction as the inter-diffusion of Ni atoms facilitates the inter-diffusion of Ni and Al atoms.
Study on microstructure and property evolution of additive manufactured 2219 aluminum alloy under unidirectional compression and multidirectional loading deformation
Authors: Shao Bin , Su Heng , Zong Yingying , Shan Debin
Published: August 2024

The additive manufacturing technology of high strength 2219 aluminum alloy has been widely used in aerospace field. In this paper, coarse microstructure and poor mechanical properties of as-deposited 2219 Al alloy was focused, unidirectional compression and multidirectional loading deformation were studied, and the evolution law of microstructure and tensile properties was analysed. The results show that the deformation mainly concentrated in the core of uniaxial compression sample. The dynamic recrystallization was dominant above 450 °C. The lamellar microstructure was com pletely eliminated after multidirectional loading deformation, and hydrogen pores were completely closed. The yield stress reached 224 MPa, the ultimate tensile stress reached 386 MPa, and the elongation reached 11%, indicating that the improvement effect on microstructure and properties was the best.
Investigation on multi-pass rolling process of micro-feature with complex shape
Authors: Wang Chunju , Xue Shaoxi , Lu Kaijie , Cheng Lidong
Published: August 2024

The complex shape microchannels is useful for the functional surface with capillary performance. The investigation of multi-pass micro-rolling was carried out using FE simulation and experiments. The effects of parameters, such as reduction of thickness, clearance between two rollers and downward displace of upper-roller, were studied by measure thickness of sheet and the depth of microchannels. It was found that the depth of microchannels increased with decreasing of clearance between two rollers. And, the shape of microchannels was changed from rectangle to complex shape in the second pass “without mould”. After process optimization of process, the multi-pass rolling can be used to fabricate microfeature with complex shape of sharp corner from the viewpoint of capillary performance.
Research on the package design of longan product based on the theory of ‘locality’
Authors: Mao Xinyi , Wu Hao , Chen Shan , Li Zhi
Published: August 2024

An appropriate package design could illustrate the use of product and its origin, as well as the respect to the customers. This paper explores investigation research and the design method of cultural symbols of agricultural products in Guandu Village, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province using the theory of ‘locality’. To develop the agricultural products and the package design, authors investigated in Guandu Village locally and analysed the current situation of longan fruit by conducting in-depth interviews and exploring the local environment. The design method in this paper based on the theory of ‘locality’, authors deeply investigated the local people and culture. Then selected and translated the local symbols and patterns into design elements. The illustration of longan product and its package design – Guanduyuan, the brand name is shown at the end. Authors also proposed the innovated solutions to the sales of Guanduyuan brand.1
Examining the role of production and purchasing supply chain management using PLS-SEM approach in the UK textile industry
Authors: Komal Samina , Saad Sameh M
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on the specific types of supply chain strategies throughout the UK textile industry as extant literature has either emphasized on the fashion apparel industry or on sub-industry of fast fashion. Likewise, this study is quite beneficial for the fashion apparel industry to restructure its own purchasing departments for buying fabrics, materials, and garments. However, a third party is included in this production phase. Lastly, this study is significant for fashion apparel industry for the purchasing or producing of all the raw materials, which is important for the garment production as well as their own manufacturing facilities. The paper also used the idea of PLS-SEM to validate a production and purchasing supply chain management strategies framework proposed by the authors of this paper, which can be found in Komal and Saad [7].
Leveraging generative AI for knowledge-driven information retrieval in the energy sector
Authors: Alsayegh Ali , Masood Tariq
Published: August 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach to knowledge management in the energy sector through the development of the Advanced Agent Architecture (AAA). AAA integrates Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques with a tailored local knowledge base (LKM) and web search functionalities, aiming to enhance the accuracy, robustness, and flexibility of information retrieval. We conducted a detailed case study involving a solar power system to evaluate the effectiveness of AAA compared to traditional Large Language Models (LLMs) such as Llama 3. Our results demonstrate that AAA significantly outperforms conventional methods in delivering accurate and relevant answers to complex domain-specific queries. However, the system also shows higher energy consumption and slower response times, identifying critical areas for future research. This study sets the stage for further exploration into optimizing AAA’s energy efficiency and processing speed, expanding the range of queries, and providing a more comprehensive benchmarking against traditional systems. Our findings indicate that AAA has the potential to substantially improve knowledge management practices, facilitating more informed decision-making and operational efficiencies in the energy sector.
Design of TPMS-based Uniform and Hybrid Graded Lattice Structures: A Fluid Flow Analysis
Authors: Rajkumar  , Ramkumar Janakarajan , Balani Kantesh
Published: August 2024

Each year, more than four million people around the world undergo bone grafts and prosthesis transplants to treat bone defects and injuries by repairing and/or replacing native bone. As a result, the scaffold holds great promise for the regeneration of damaged or diseased bone tissues. One of the key components is the design of scaffolds that can mimic the structure and function of natural bone. Based on unit cell design, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) has attracted the attention of researchers for designing porous scaffolds. In current study, uniform and multi-morphology hybrid graded structures were designed based on TPMS, namely, primitive and I-graph-wrapped package (IWP) minimal surfaces. Furthermore, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was designed based on COMSOL Multiphysics to understand the fluidic characteristics (permeability and wall shear stress) of the structures. The results show that structures reported a permeability of 7.4 – 14.3 × 10 -8 m2, meeting the requirements of natural bone. Moreover, the average wall shear stress of 0.5 – 136 mPa was observed, suitable for osteoblast differentiation and proliferation.
Novel calibration technique for hybrid structured-light three-dimensional measurement system
Authors: Xu Yongjia , Gao Feng , Ling Yan , Jiang Xiangqian
Published: August 2024

Hybrid structured-light measurement technique is used for form measurement of structured composite surfaces. A hybrid structured-light measurement system contains a phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) subsystem and a fringe projection profilometry (FPP) subsystem. Each subsystem measures specular surfaces and rough surfaces based on structured-light reflection and projection principle, respectively. Calibration’s accuracy extremely effects data stitching precision between the subsystems. A novel calibration technique is explored for the hybrid structured-light system to complete reliable measurement accuracy. Calibration algorithms are developed based on designed calibration targets. Information of the calibration procedure are discussed and presented. Effectiveness of the proposed calibration technique has been conducted and verified through experiments by measuring structured composite samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique can significantly improve data fusion accuracy of a hybrid structured-light measurement system.
Contact-based pose detection method for small components to optimise the digital twin-driven robotic assembly process
Authors: Nazeer Bilal , Qian Kun , Vargas Patricia A. , Erden Mustafa S. , Xianwen Kong
Published: August 2024

The robotic assembly has become pivotal in manufacturing, demanding precise pose detection of assembly components for efficient operations. This paper presents a contact-based pose detection method tailored for digital twin-based optimisation for the robotic assembly process, focusing on small component assembly challenges. The proposed technique achieves robust pose estimation by leveraging a strain gauge load cell-based calibration method. Experimental validation demonstrates close alignment between induced and measured errors, showcasing the efficacy of the method in mitigating assembly challenges. Despite minor deviations, the approach outperforms traditional vision-based methods, promising enhanced efficiency in robotic assembly tasks. Further refinement could bolster accuracy, fostering advanced robotic assembly capabilities.
Invasives Atemwegsmanagement
Authors: Rasenberger Nicolaus
Published: August 2024

Die invasive Atemwegssicherung muss jeweils an den Patienten, die Situation und gegebenenfalls den OP-Eingriff angepasst werden. Der Fokus dieses Artikels liegt auf effektiven und modernen Hilfsmitteln sowie häufig praktizierten Methoden des invasiven Atemwegsmanagements bei narkotisierten Patienten.
Ökopharmakovigilanz
Authors: Zeiss René , Connemann Bernhard , Gahr Maximilian , Malejko Kathrin , Durner Verena
Published: August 2024

Gegenstand und Ziel Der vorliegende Artikel verdeutlicht die Relevanz von Ökopharmakovigilanz für Gesundheitsberufe und die pharmazeutische Industrie, insbesondere im Kontext der Psychopharmakotherapie. Es wird das Vorkommen und der Einfluss pharmazeutischer Rückstände auf die Umwelt diskutiert sowie aktuelle Herausforderungen und potenzielle Lösungsansätze erörtert.

Material und Methoden Die Erstellung dieser narrativen Übersicht basiert auf einer umfangreichen Literatursuche in der bibliografischen Datenbank MEDLINE.

Ergebnisse Das Ausmaß der Belastung der Umwelt, insbesondere von Gewässern durch pharmazeutische Rückstände ist alarmierend und die genauen Auswirkungen sind unzureichend erforscht. Aufgrund der hohen Verordnungszahlen und der langwierigen biologischen Abbaubarkeit in Kombination mit ihrem Einfluss auf das Monoaminsystem sind Psychopharmaka diesbezüglich problematisch. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass Psychopharmaka in Gewässern und deren Lebewesen vorkommen und Verhaltensänderungen verursachen können. Die Auswirkungen polypharmazeutischer Verschmutzungen sind noch unklar. In Reaktion auf die dargelegten Problematiken wurden unter anderem auf europäischer Ebene erste Lösungsansätze eingeführt, deren Umsetzung und Auswirkungen jedoch zunächst abgewartet werden müssen.

Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Die Berücksichtigung von Aspekten der Ökopharmakovigilanz bei der Verordnung von Medikamenten sollte auch in der Versorgungspraxis eine größere Rolle spielen. Es ist zum Beispiel von großer Bedeutung, Patienten über die sachgemäße Entsorgung von Arzneimittelresten zu informieren, um Umweltbelastungen zu minimieren. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die Auswirkungen von Medikamentenrückständen auf die Umwelt und die Gesundheit von Mensch und Tier besser zu verstehen.
Lebensstiländerungen im Alter und ihr potenzieller Einfluss auf das primäre Offenwinkelglaukom
Authors: Erb Carl , Erb Clivia , Kazakov Avaz , Kapanova Gulnara , Weisser Burkhard
Published: August 2024

Das primäre Offenwinkelglaukom ist eine primäre Mitochondriopathie, die über den oxidativen Stress zu einer Neuroinflammation führt und später in eine Neurodegeneration übergeht. Dabei sind neben dem visuellen System zahlreiche weitere Hirnareale betroffen. Da es beim Altern im Rahmen einer mitochondrialen Dysfunktion ebenfalls zu einer niedriggradigen chronischen Entzündungsreaktion kommt (Inflamm-Aging), überlagern sich diese entzündlichen Prozesse im Alter und verstärken die glaukomassoziierten pathophysiologischen Vorgänge. Um aktiv diesen Entzündungsereignissen entgegenzuwirken, soll die Therapie von vorhandenen Systemerkrankungen optimiert, die Chronobiologie eingehalten und das Mikrobiom verbessert werden. Hierfür unterstützend sind eine erhöhte physische und mentale Aktivität. Somit ist neben einer personalisierten zieldruckorientierten Augeninnendrucksenkung auch eine holistische Sichtweise erforderlich, um der Neurodegeneration primäres Offenwinkelglaukom
therapeutisch gerecht zu werden.
Accessibility of Neurotization in Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Reconstruction: Inequities and Implications for Preauthorization
Authors: Schafer Rachel E. , Quick Joseph D. , Blazel Madeleine M. , Shukla Priya , Wu Shannon S. , Gurunian Raffi , Bernard Steven , Bishop Sarah N. , Schwarz Graham , Djohan Risal
Published: August 2024

Background Breast anesthesia and hypoesthesia occur commonly after mastectomy and negatively impact quality of life. Neurotization during deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) breast reconstruction offers enhanced sensory recovery. However, access to neurotization for DIEP reconstruction patients has not been evaluated.

Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent DIEP breast reconstruction between January 2021 and July 2022 at a tertiary-care, academic institution. Demographics, outcomes, insurance type, and Area Deprivation Index (ADI) were compared using two-sample t-test or chi-square analysis.

Results Of the 124 patients who met criteria, 41% had neurotization of their DIEP flaps. There was no difference in history of tobacco use (29% vs 33%), diabetes (14% vs 9.6%), operative time (9.43 vs 9.73 h), length of hospital stay (3 d vs 3 d), hospital readmission (9.8% vs 6.8%), or reoperation (12% vs 12%) between patients with and without neurotization. However, access to neurotization differed significantly by patient health insurance type. Patients who received neurotization had a lower median ADI percentile of 40.0, indicating higher socioeconomic advantage compared with patients who did not receive neurotization at 59.0 (p = 0.01).

Conclusion Access to neurotization differed significantly by patient health insurance and by ADI percentile. Expanding insurance coverage to cover neurotization is needed to increase equitable access and enhance quality of life for patients who come from disadvantaged communities. Our institution's process for preauthorization is outlined to enhance likelihood of insurance approval for neurotization.
Formation of Carbon–Carbon Double Bond between Cp Ligand and Alkenyl Carbon of Titanacyclopentenes
Authors: Takahashi Tamotsu , Song Zhiyi , Nakata Hiroki , Bando Masayoshi
Published: August 2024

Reactions of bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanacyclopentenes with BiI3 gave coupling products of one Cp ligand and the alkenyl carbons in moderate yields. An NMR study of the tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) adduct of the product showed that the coupled Cp ring and the alkenyl carbons were connected by one carbon–carbon double bond. This is in sharp contrast to coupling reactions of one Cp ligand with the diene moiety in bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanacyclopentadienes, where two carbon–carbon single bonds were formed between those two components to give dihydroindenes or spiro compounds.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Molecular Aspects of Factor V Deficiency
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Focosi Daniele
Published: August 2024

Factor V (FV) is a glycoprotein that plays a pivotal role in hemostasis, being involved in coagulant and anticoagulant pathways. Congenital FV deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder with an incidence of 1 per million live births, considering the most severe homozygous form. FV deficiency is diagnosed using routine coagulation tests and FV activity assays. Several mutations, including missense, nonsense, and frameshift, have been detected in the F5 gene. Clinical symptoms are variable, ranging from mild ecchymoses and mucosal bleeding to life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage. The mainstay of treatment includes fresh-frozen plasma, preferentially virus-inactivated. In this narrative review, we provide an update of the main laboratory, molecular, clinical, and therapeutic features of inherited FV deficiency.
Spectrum of Surgico-Pathological Factors and Lymph Node Metastasis among Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: Experience of a Single Tertiary Care Institution from India
Authors: Bahadur Anupama , Verma Pallavi , Rajaram Shalini , Chaturvedi Jaya , Kottayasamy Seenivasagam Rajkumar , Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Gaurav Amrita , Rao Shalinee , Panta Shilpa , Chowdhuri Sandipan
Published: August 2024

Introduction Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the leading causes of mortality among women worldwide. The present study aimed to estimate the frequency of various histopathological types, clinical and surgico-pathological factors, and spectrum of lymph node (LN) metastasis in early and advanced EOC.

Material and Methods Women with EOCs who underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) between January 2019 and May 2022 were included. The distribution of Clinico-demographic parameters, histological type, stage, and LN metastasis were analyzed.

Results A total of 101 women with EOCs underwent CRS, out of which 5 (4.95%) with coexistent endometrial cancer were excluded (N = 96). Fifty women (52%) underwent primary CRS and 46 (48%) women underwent interval CRS. The mean age of the women was 48.42 ± 11.6 years. Initial serum cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) level was elevated (>35 U/mL) in 88 (91.67%) women and normal in 8 (8.33%) women. Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 75 (78.12%) cases. High-grade serous carcinoma was the most common histology (66/96, 68.75%), followed by mucinous carcinoma (15/96, 15.63%), endometrioid carcinoma (6/96, 6.25%), low-grade serous carcinoma (4/96, 4.17%), and carcinosarcoma (2/96, 2.08%). The majority of women, 69 (71.88%), were in stages III and IV at presentation. Most serous carcinomas were diagnosed at stage III (71.22%) or IV (13.64%). In contrast, the majority of endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell carcinomas were diagnosed at stages I and II. Seventy-five women (78.13%) with EOC underwent pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy, out of which 23 (30.67%) were histologically positive. Three out of 23 patients (13%) with early-stage disease showed positive LNs.

Conclusion Serous carcinoma ovary is the most common histological subtype, presenting mostly in the advanced stage. A significant number of affected women were younger at presentation and diagnosis was made a decade earlier than the western population. A systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in apparently early-stage (pelvic confined) ovarian cancer could detect additional LNs in 13% of women, especially in high-grade tumors and serous histology, suggesting the role of systematic lymphadenectomy for accurate staging in apparently early-stage ovarian cancer.
Spectral analysis of the Dirac operator with a singular interaction on a broken line
Authors: Frymark Dale , Holzmann Markus , Lotoreichik Vladimir
Published: August 2024

We consider the one-parametric family of self-adjoint realizations of the two-dimensional massive Dirac operator with a Lorentz scalar δ-shell interaction of strength τ∈R\{−2,0,2} supported on a broken line of opening angle 2ω with ω∈(0,π2). The essential spectrum of any such self-adjoint realization is symmetric with respect to the origin with a gap around zero whose size depends on the mass and, for τ < 0, also on the strength of the interaction, but does not depend on ω. As the main result, we prove that for any N∈N and strength τ ∈ (−∞, 0)\{−2} the discrete spectrum of any such self-adjoint realization has at least N discrete eigenvalues, with multiplicities taken into account, in the gap of the essential spectrum provided that ω is sufficiently small. Moreover, we obtain an explicit estimate on ω sufficient for this property to hold. For τ ∈ (0, ∞)\{2}, the discrete spectrum consists of at most one simple eigenvalue.
Proton beams generated via thermonuclear deuterium–deuterium fusion by means of modified cavity pressure acceleration-type targets as a candidate for proton–boron fusion driver
Authors: Tchórz P. , Chodukowski T. , Rosiński M. , Borodziuk S. , Szymański M. , Dudžák R. , Singh S. , Krupka M. , Burian T. , Marchenko A. , Kustosz M. , Agarwal S.
Published: August 2024

In this Letter, we report the possibility of generating intense, highly energetic proton beams using terawatt, sub-nanosecond class laser system by irradiating modified cavity pressure acceleration-type targets. In this approach, the main source of few-mega electron volt protons is thermonuclear deuterium–deuterium reaction; therefore, the energy spectrum of accelerated particles and their number is not as strongly related to the laser intensity (laser pulse energy and pulse duration in particular) as in the case of the most common ion acceleration mechanism, namely, target normal sheath acceleration. Performed Monte Carlo simulations suggest that using mentioned mechanism to generate proton beam might be beneficial and efficient driver for laser induced proton–boron fusion when moderate-to-low laser pulse intensities ( ⩽ 1016W/cm2) and thin, lower than 100 μm boron foils are used as catchers.