bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Safety During and After Use of Phentermine and Topiramate
Authors: Ritchey Mary E , Harding Abenah , Hunter Shannon , Peterson Craig , Sager Philip T , Kowey Peter R , Nguyen Lan , Thomas Steven , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel , Rothman Kenneth J , Andrews Elizabeth B , Anthony Mary S
Published: September 2018

Context

Increases in heart rate were seen during the clinical program for fixed-dose combination phentermine (PHEN) and topiramate (TPM), an oral medication indicated for weight management; however, the effect on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes is uncertain.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to determine the extent to which the rates of major adverse CV events (MACE) in patients using PHEN and TPM (including fixed dose) differed from the MACE rates during unexposed periods.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

MarketScan, US insurance billing data.

Patients or Other Participants

Patients aged >18 years with ≥6 months of continuous enrollment in the database before taking PHEN and/or TPM or after stopping these medications.

Interventions

PHEN and TPM, taken separately and together (including fixed dose).

Main Outcome Measures

MACE, a composite of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction and stroke and in-hospital CV death.

Results

Because the outcomes are rare and the duration of medication use was brief, few events occurred. The MACE rates among current users of PHEN/TPM, fixed-dose PHEN/TPM, and PHEN were lower than those among unexposed former users. In contrast, the rate of MACE among current users of TPM was greater than among unexposed former users [incidence rate ratio: PHEN/TPM, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.19 to 1.78; fixed-PHEN/TPM, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.03 to 1.70; PHEN, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.91; TPM, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.87).

Conclusions

Overall, the data indicated no increased risk of MACE for current PHEN/TPM users; however, the 95% CIs for the PHEN/TPM groups were broad, indicating that the data were compatible with a wide range of possible values.
Mouse adult hematopoietic stem cells actively synthesize ribosomal RNA
Authors: Jarzebowski Léonard , Le Bouteiller Marie , Coqueran Sabrina , Raveux Aurélien , Vandormael-Pournin Sandrine , David Alexandre , Cumano Ana , Cohen-Tannoudji Michel
Published: September 2018

The contribution of basal cellular processes to the regulation of tissue homeostasis has just started to be appreciated. However, our knowledge of the modulation of ribosome biogenesis activity in situ within specific lineages remains very limited. This is largely due to the lack of assays that enable quantitation of ribosome biogenesis in small numbers of cells in vivo. We used a technique, named Flow-FISH, combining cell surface antibody staining and flow cytometry with intracellular ribosomal RNA (rRNA) FISH, to measure the levels of pre-rRNAs of hematopoietic cells in vivo. Here, we show that Flow-FISH reports and quantifies ribosome biogenesis activity in hematopoietic cell populations, thereby providing original data on this fundamental process notably in rare populations such as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We unravel variations in pre-rRNA levels between different hematopoietic progenitor compartments and during erythroid differentiation. In particular, our data indicate that, contrary to what may be anticipated from their quiescent state, hematopoietic stem cells have significant ribosome biogenesis activity. Moreover, variations in pre-rRNA levels do not correlate with proliferation rates, suggesting that cell type-specific mechanisms might regulate ribosome biogenesis in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the cellular physiology of the hematopoietic system in vivo in unperturbed situations.
Gene regulation by a glycine riboswitch singlet uses a finely tuned energetic landscape for helical switching
Authors: Torgerson Chad D. , Hiller David A. , Stav Shira , Strobel Scott A.
Published: September 2018

Riboswitches contain structured aptamer domains that, upon ligand binding, facilitate helical switching in their downstream expression platforms to alter gene expression. To fully dissect how riboswitches function requires a better understanding of the energetic landscape for helical switching. Here, we report a sequencing-based high-throughput assay for monitoring in vitro transcription termination and use it to simultaneously characterize the functional effects of all 522 single point mutants of a glycine riboswitch type-1 singlet. Mutations throughout the riboswitch cause ligand-dependent defects, but only mutations within the terminator hairpin alter readthrough efficiencies in the absence of ligand. A comprehensive analysis of the expression platform reveals that ligand binding stabilizes the antiterminator by just 2–3 kcal/mol, indicating that the competing expression platform helices must be extremely close in energy to elicit a significant ligand-dependent response. These results demonstrate that gene regulation by this riboswitch is highly constrained by the energetics of ligand binding and conformational switching. These findings exemplify the energetic parameters of RNA conformational rearrangements driven by binding events.
scClustViz – Single-cell RNAseq cluster assessment and visualization
Authors: Innes Brendan T. , Bader Gary D.
Published: September 2018

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) represents a new kind of microscope that can measure the transcriptome profiles of thousands of individual cells from complex cellular mixtures, such as in a tissue, in a single experiment. This technology is particularly valuable for characterization of tissue heterogeneity because it can be used to identify and classify all cell types in a tissue. This is generally done by clustering the data, based on the assumption that cells of a particular type share similar transcriptomes, distinct from other cell types in the tissue. However, nearly all clustering algorithms have tunable parameters which affect the number of clusters they will identify in data.

The R Shiny software tool described here, scClustViz, provides a simple interactive graphical user interface for exploring scRNAseq data and assessing the biological relevance of clustering results. Given that cell types are expected to have distinct gene expression patterns, scClustViz uses differential gene expression between clusters as a metric for assessing the fit of a clustering result to the data at multiple cluster resolution levels. This helps select a clustering parameter for further analysis. scClustViz also provides interactive visualisation of: cluster-specific distributions of technical factors, such as predicted cell cycle stage and other metadata; cluster-wise gene expression statistics to simplify annotation of cell types and identification of cell type specific marker genes; and gene expression distributions over all cells and cell types.

scClustViz provides an interactive interface for visualisation, assessment, and biological interpretation of cell-type classifications in scRNAseq experiments that can be easily added to existing analysis pipelines, enabling customization by bioinformaticians while enabling biologists to explore their results without the need for computational expertise. It is available at https://baderlab.github.io/scClustViz/.
МЕТОДИКА РАСЧЕТА ВРЕМЕНИ ДЛЯ ОСВОЕНИЯ УЧЕБНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА
Authors: Anik’yeva Marina Anatol’yevna
Published: September 2018

Для определения суммы понятий, которые возможно изучить в учебной дисциплине в ограниченное время, нужно рассчитывать время, которое необходимо обучаемому на освоение учебного материала. В статье представлена методика расчета времени, которое обучаемый затратит на изучение учебного материала с учетом планируемого уровня освоения этого учебного материала. Для расчета времени учитываются – время, за которое человек может эту информацию воспринять, сложность изучаемой учебной информации как количество связей с подпонятиями в дереве понятий, необходимый уровень усвоения.Для этого выявлена структура деятельности обучаемого в освоении учебных материалов как последовательный переход от изучения понятийного аппарата, к теоретическому изучению способа действий для формирования умения, далее практическое формирование умения, формирование навыка и формирование умения решать нестандартные задачи.Определена шкала уровней освоения учебного материала, и на основе графовой модели понятий предметной области производится расчет планового времени, которое обучаемый затратит на изучение той суммы понятий, которая планируется в учебном процессе.Цель: определение суммы понятий, которая должна входить в содержание учебной дисциплины.Метод или методология проведения работы: Для проведения работы использовался деятельностный подход к обучению.Результаты: структура деятельности обучаемого при усвоении учебного материала, шкала уровней освоения учебного материала, структура усвоения обучаемым порции информации, методика расчета длительности деятельности обучаемого.Область применения результатов: результаты работы могут применяться для составления планового графика деятельности обучаемого в освоении учебной дисциплины, а также для адаптивного управления деятельностью обучаемого при реализации учебного процесса с использованием электронных обучающих систем.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF COMPETITIVE AGRIBUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS MODEL
Authors: Altukhova Larisa Anatolievna , Semko Inna Anatolievna
Published: September 2018

Статья посвящена решению задачи разработки модели стратегического управления организациями агробизнеса, которая должна стать важным элементом, влияющим на конкурентоспособность субъектов хозяйствования. Очевидно, что одним из важнейших направлений дальнейшего стабильного роста экономики является совершенствование приемов управления, направленное на решение проблем повышения конкурентоспособности предприятий.Ряд положений статьи касается вопросов уточнения сущности и содержания конкурентной стратегии, разработки этапов стратегического управления и определения комплекса мероприятий по реализации стратегий в организациях. Обоснована важность информационного обеспечения, как исходного этапа построения эффективной системы управления организацией ориентированной на формирование и поддержание конкурентоспособности. Сделан акцент на необходимости учета особенностей аграрного производства при разработке стратегии развития и ее детализации в функциональных стратегиях с позиций обеспечения конкурентоспособности в долгосрочной перспективе.Цель – разработка научно-методических подходов к построению модели стратегического управления конкурентоспособными сельскохозяйственными организациями.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались системный и ситуационный подходы, а также такие методы, как абстрактно-логический и сравнительного анализа.Результаты. Статья имеет исследовательский характер, выражающийся в том, что на основе анализа теоретических аспектов и практических проблем стратегического управления предлагается подход к построению в организации модели стратегического управления направленной на формирование конкурентных преимуществ и осуществляется его детализация, позволяющая сформировать конкретные рекомендации и определить инструментарий по их реализации.Область применения результатов. Реализация предложенной модели стратегического управления направленной на повышение конкурентоспособности хозяйствующих субъектов в практике управления аграрными предприятиями будет способствовать обеспечению их стабильного развития в долгосрочной перспективе.
Methodological foundations of legal and economic expertise
Authors: Котенева Татьяна , Kotyenyeva Tatyana
Published: September 2018

The monograph explores the conceptual and legal basis of forensic economic expertise, taking into account the latest changes in the regulatory framework, including accounting and tax accounting. The theory of forensic accounting expertise, its essence, subject, tasks and organization, questions of methodology and purpose are covered.
It is intended for a wide range of readers: researchers, University professors, graduate students, students of specialties "Economic security", bachelors and masters "Jurisprudence", "Accounting, analysis and audit", as well as for economists, experts, arbitration managers, lawyers and law enforcement agencies.
Spare Parts Inventory Management with Substitution-Dependent Reliability
Authors: Khademi Amin , Eksioglu Burak
Published: September 2018

Motivated to apply sustainable supply chain principles to air-pollution control systems, this paper presents a dynamic inventory-management approach where substitution is possible to maintain these systems’ equipment. An air-pollution control system’s subsequent reliability depends on the replacement equipment selected. The corresponding problem is formulated as a stochastic dynamic program. Because the state and action space are prohibitively large, the approximate policy iteration algorithm is adapted to generate high-quality solutions. Therefore, this work replaces the value function with an affine combination of nonlinear basis functions and shows that a relaxation of the policy improvement step requires the solving of a mixed integer linear program. This approach helps in the designing of an algorithm that improves the quality of the approximation by solving a convex optimization problem. To assess the quality of resulting solutions, a lower bound is developed by considering a relaxation of the problem. In addition, two classes of heuristics are proposed based on a rolling-horizon two-stage stochastic programming formulation of the problem and a standard base-stock ordering policy. The performance of proposed policies is tested on a variety of settings, and results show that the approximate dynamic programming policies are near-optimal in the settings of interest and significantly outperform available benchmarks. The following analysis reveals that the proposed inventory replenishment policies resemble a base-stock policy with occasional deviations, and assignment and substitution decisions are determined by balancing the reliability with ordering, holding, and shortage costs.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0794 .
The power of Smiles Together
Authors: Wyatt Heidi
Published: September 2018

We hear from Heidi Wyatt, as part of a series of articles from the ADG looking at the use of skills mix
Clinical diabetes
Authors: Gray Sophie
Published: September 2018

Sophie Gray considers the disease with relevance to the dental team
Preparing to impress
Authors: Bakare Kemi , Lowe Bryony
Published: September 2018

Top tips in impression taking and upskilling
Going places in 2018? It's all about you
Authors: Ellwood Fiona
Published: September 2018

Mentoring should never be underestimated. It can be applied to different situations in different timeframes and in a number of contexts. Fiona Ellwood explains how
On the right track? How to map out the best route to success
Authors: Henderson Kelly , Macgregor Tommy
Published: September 2018

Have you given some serious thought to the career goals you hope to achieve in 2018? Here, we take some inspiration from other leading lights and their plans for the year…
A career – made with 8 key benefits
Authors: Martin Paula
Published: September 2018

Learning comes in many guises and for dental nurse Paula Martin, reading this journal helped her in her path to greater things. Here, she shares some other key benefits that have shaped her career
Reflective writing
Authors: Fowler John
Published: September 2018

In this sixth article in the series on written communication, John Fowler explores some of the ways to develop your reflective thinking and writing
Big plans for the BADN
Authors: Coey Hazel
Published: September 2018

Meet Hazel Coey, the new president of the British Association of Dental Nurses, who has big plans to improve your working conditions…
The beauty of a job
Authors: Lindley Amanda
Published: September 2018

We hear from dental nurse Amanda Lindley, who has just joined the team at the award-winning Tracey Bell Dental and Aesthetic Medical Clinic in Liverpool
Time to grow up?
Authors: Dawson Trudie
Published: September 2018

It's a small world, isnt it? Trudie Dawson considers dentistry as if it were one big organisation
Characterization of coronary artery pathological formations from OCT imaging using deep learning
Authors: Abdolmanafi Atefeh , Duong Luc , Dahdah Nagib , Adib Ibrahim Ragui , Cheriet Farida
Published: September 2018

Coronary artery disease is the number one health hazard leading to the pathological formations in coronary artery tissues. In severe cases, they can lead to myocardial infarction and sudden death. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an interferometric imaging modality, which has been recently used in cardiology to characterize coronary artery tissues providing high resolution ranging from 10 to 20 µm. In this study, we investigate different deep learning models for robust tissue characterization to learn the various intracoronary pathological formations caused by Kawasaki disease (KD) from OCT imaging. The experiments are performed on 33 retrospective cases comprising of pullbacks of intracoronary cross-sectional images obtained from different pediatric patients with KD. Our approach evaluates deep features computed from three different pre-trained convolutional networks. Then, a majority voting approach is applied to provide the final classification result. The results demonstrate high values of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for each tissue (up to 0.99 ± 0.01). Hence, deep learning models and especially, majority voting method are robust for automatic interpretation of the OCT images.
India’s Science, Technology and Innovation Policy: Choices for Course Correction with Lessons Learned from China
Authors: Sandhya G.D.
Published: September 2018

A large number of developed and emerging economies have introduced S&T reforms and some of them such as Japan, South Korea and later China have used them for gaining competitive advantage in science, technology and innovation through well crafted S&T policies and appropriate strategies. So far, India has pronounced four major S&T policies beginning with the Science Policy Resolution (SPR) in 1958, Technology Policy in 1983; S&T Policy in 2003 and Science Technology and Innovation Policy in 2013. In a period of six decades India has created a huge S&T infrastructure and made impressive achievements in space, defence and atomic energy, yet the feat is not as impressive in the industrial sector. In innovation competitiveness, R&D and human resource, the indices related to global manufacturing, competition, innovation and knowledge, India has not performed as well in comparison to other BRICS countries. In this paper an attempt has been made to look at, how comprehensive India’s STI policies with regard to policy components; a roadmap; strategies for execution and boldness in terms of identifying and recognising the failures and recommend major structural changes. What is intended is to understand the relationship between the domain of S&T policy and intended outcomes; the mismatch between the policy expectations and outcomes. An attempt is being made to identify possibility for correction  by taking lessons from other economies, such as China.

 

Keywords:   S&T policies, Innovation policies, Innovation ecosystem
Outcome and Impact Based Evaluation of Research Program Implementation: A Case of Indonesian Public Research Institute
Authors: Hermawati Wati , Siahaan Saut , Rosaira Ishelina , Manalu Radot , Santoso Agus
Published: September 2018

This paper relates to outcome and impact based evaluation (OIBE) of a research program implementation at an Indonesian public research institute (PRI) ‘A’. The major funding for PRIs in Indonesia comes from government. It is  very essential therefore, for variuos parties including policy makers  to be informed about meaningful and relevant evaluation of the outcome and impact of such PRIto the welfare of the people, to technology development and innovation, and to the policy improvements in significant ways. The mixed-method with good blend of qualitative and quantitative analysis is used in the case study of a competitive research program (CRP) of PRI ‘A’. The case study demonstrates that the outcomes and impacts of CRP are found in the form of economic, social, and environment improvements in the communities; managerial change and innovation of technology and process for SMEs as well as improved existing policies; and increased capabilities of researchers at PRI. Recommendations of this study is that PRI’A’ should improve their research management and policy, strengthen collaboration with firms, including more human resources mobility is required to facilitate research collaborations and co-production process, and to have clear guidelines and targets of outcomes and impacts for their research results.
Keywords: outcome, impact, Public Research Institute, evaluation, Indonesia
POLYPHENOLS OF BROWN ALGAE
Authors: Боголицын (Bogolitsyn) Константин (Konstantin) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich) , Дружинина (Druzhinina) Анна (Аnna) Сергеевна (Sergeevna) , Овчинников (Ovchinnikov) Денис (Denis) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) , Каплицин (Kaplitsin) Платон (Platon) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Шульгина (Shulgina) Елена (Elena) Валерьевна (Valer'evna) , Паршина (Parshina) Анастасия (Аnastasiya) Эдуардовна (Eduardovna)
Published: September 2018

The modern state of research of marine brown algae polyphenolic compounds – phlorotannins, is analyzed. The data on the content of phlorotannins in biomass are presented depending on the species of algae and the place of growth. The biosynthesis, morphology, accumulation in the thallus, the physicochemical properties and biological role of these compounds are considered. The classical methods of isolating phlorotannins from algae are described, as well as modern methods, such as ultrasonic, microwave, enzymatic extraction, liquid extraction under pressure and supercritical fluid extraction. The ways of selective extraction of these compounds from extracts by methods of liquid-phase and solid-phase extraction are considered. Methods for studying the polymer composition of phlorotannins like gel permeation chromatography and ultrafiltration are presented. In the review of methods for quantitative determination and structural analysis of phlorotannins, special attention is paid to methods of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chromatography-mass spectrometry using various ionization methods. The significant biological activity of phlorotannins is shown, which is represented by antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and other activities, which determines the prospects for the practical application of these polyphenolic compounds as therapeutic and prophylactic agents in the food, cosmetic and pharmacological industries.
CONTENT OF AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND CHANGE OF TENANE IN TEA LEAF IN THE AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Джахангиров (Cahangirov) Мухендис (Mukhendis) Мамедгусейин оглы (Mamedgusejin ogly) , Магеррамов (Маharrаmov) Микаил (Mikail) Акпер оглы (Аkper ogly)
Published: September 2018

It was shown that the scent and taste of tea are determined by the level of protein and amino acid. Certainly, protoingens that make up most part of proteins are noted among amino acids. All of them are considered L-shaped. Green tea mostly consists of proteins. Even the high level protein doesn’t adversely impact the quality of tea yet that of black tea might be negatively influenced by that. Also, its taste will also be worsened by that.As a result of analysis 16 amino acids and 8 unsubstituted substance was found. The main part of amino acid is taken by teanin. It take 41.3% of Azerbaijan-1, 38.8% of Kolxida types respectively. In all stages of tea leaf processing the decrease of teanin and increase of glutamin is witnessed. Also, the loss of teanin happens during the purification (by 34%) and the fading stages.As a result of the work carried out, it has been found that the size of the tea leaf particle, the temperature and the extraction time influence the extraction of the theanine. The optimum are: the size of the tea leaf particle is 200–450 mkm, the extraction temperature is 80–85 °C, and the extraction time is 20–25 minutes.
ON THE MODELING THE FORMATION OF FLAVONOID OXIDATION DIMERIC PRODUCTS
Authors: Зенкевич (Zenkevich) Игорь (Igor') Георгиевич (Georgievich) , Пушкарева (Pushkareva) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Ивановна (Ivanovna)
Published: September 2018

Dimeric products of the oxidation of flavonoids (including most abundant of them – quercetin) are observed rather often even in the dilute aqueous solutions. For explaining the formation of such products the free-radical and electrochemical oxidation of simpler substrate – 4-isopropyl phenol – is considered.  It is shown that the products of these processes correspond with the formation of quinone methide intermediate. The formation of similar intermediates seems to be possible at the oxidation of natural flavonoids. The principal chemical property of quinone methides is conjugated addition of various nucleophylic reagents, including water, as well as the initial phenolic compounds. Just this reaction allows explaining the formation of dimeric oxidation products of both 4-isopropyl phenol and flavonoids.For identification of 4-isopropyl phenol oxidation products the technique of HPLC-MS-MS (mass numbers of most abundant signals of mass spectra) combined with evaluations of hydrophobicity factors and ground state energies of supposed reaction products were used.
AMINO-ACID COMPOSITION OF ATRIPLEX PATULA L. AND AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS L. (AMARANTHACE-AE) GROWING IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA
Authors: Воронов (Voronov) Иван (Ivan) Васильевич (Vasil'evich)
Published: September 2018

The research goal is comparative study the amino acid composition of seeds and leaves of Atriplex patula L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. from the flora of Central Yakutia (the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Leaves and seeds of A. patula and A. retroflexus were sampled in August 2016 in the fruiting phase. Biochemical and amino acid composition, the content of crude protein, fat, calcium and phosphorus of the abovementioned plants was studied at the premises of the State budgetary institution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) "Yakut Republican Veterinary Testing Laboratory". From 14 studied amino acids, 9 are stated to be irreplaceable. The total amount of the studied amino acids in A. patula made up 3.3±0.2% in leaves and 3.6±0.2% in seeds; while A. retroflexus contained 4.2±0.2% in leaves and 3.8±0.2% in seeds. The irreplaceable amino acid composition included lysine, leucine and isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine, arginine, histidine, and phenylalanine. The interchangeable amino acid composition was represented by tyrosine, proline, serine, alanine and glycine. The sum of irreplaceable amino acids in A. patula made up 2.07±0.10% in leaves and 2.30±0.12% in seeds; in A. retroflexus the irreplaceable amino acids totaled 2.63±0.13% in leaves and 2.20±0.11% in seeds. It should be noted that histidine is absent in seeds and the low content of phenylalanine in seeds – 2.8 times and leaves – 4.5 times in A. patula compared to A. retroflexus. The obtained data indicate that in the leaves and seeds of A. retroflexus in comparison with A. patula, the content of crude protein is 1.5 times higher, the calcium content is higher to 2.3 times, the phosphorus content is lower: in leaves 3.3 times, in seeds - in 1.4 times. The results of the study show the biological value and perspectivity of the two studied species as a promising source of natural biological active substances to be used in medicine and agriculture.
ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MICROELEMENTS IN ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI
Authors: Афанасьева (Afanasyeva) Лариса (Larisa) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Аюшина (Ayushina) Туяна (Tuyana) Аюшеевна (Аyusheevna)
Published: September 2018

The main purpose of the study was to determine the microelements content (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Cd) in the aboveground and underground parts of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi grows in two forest types of the Republic Buryatia. Element content was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS, AAnalyst 400 PerkinElmer). It was found roots accumulate the most amounts of microelements. The row of the elements accumulation in the leaves, stems and roots have a similar sequence: Mn> Fe> Zn> Cr> Cu> Pb> Ni> Co> Cd; in berries zinc ranks the first place in the row. The different intensity of elements accumulation by plants from the soil was detected. Due to the high level of chromium accumulation Arctostaphylos uva-ursi can serve as a source of this element for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and atherosclerosis.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION CONDITIONS ON MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND CONTENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF ST. JOHN'S WORT (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L.) IN VITRO CULTURE
Authors: Овчинникова (Ovchinnikova) Вера (Vera) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Карсункина (Karsunkina) Наталья (Natal'ya) Петровна (Petrovna) , Харченко (Kharchenko) Петр (Petr) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Никифорова (Nikiforova) Наталья (Natal'ya) Владимировна (Vladimirovna)
Published: September 2018

The paper discusses the joint effect of cytokine 6-BAP and different spectra when illuminated by LEDs on the morphological parameters of growth, development and the content of phenolic compounds in plants of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) of two genotypes – wild and cultivated (cultivar Zolotodolinskiy) – in conditions of in vitro cultivation.It is shown that the light of different spectral composition and the hormonal composition of medium influences the morphogenesis, the productivity of biomass and the synthesis of phenolic compounds by plants under in vitro cultivation conditions.It is established that the combination of the light spectrum, and the hormonal composition of nutrient medium may substantially increase the content of soluble phenolic compounds in both wild and cultural genotypes of Hypericum.The analysis of the obtained results shows a direct correlation dependence of the content of phenolic compounds on the number of shoots and their mass. The correlation between the number of shoots and the content of phenolic compounds has a direct character and strongly expressed.
RESERCH THE COMPOSITION OF PEATS IN OLIGOTROPHIC MIRE
Authors: Маслов (Maslov) Ставнислав (Stavnislav) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich) , Инишева (Inisheva) Лидия (Lidiya) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Щукина (Shchukina) Кристина (Kristina) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna)
Published: September 2018

Specific and most representative group of biologically active substances of peat are humic acid (HA) and bitumen, which is a complex mixture of high molecular weight and polyfunctional alicyclic compounds, hydroaromatic, aromatic and heterocyclic nature. Preparations  from HA and bitumen are used in medicine and veterinary medicine. However, the spectrum of peat BAS is quite wide and heterogeneous in individual peatlands and depends of  peat formation of the swamp, the depth of peat deposit, botanical composition and other factors. The identification of the highest quality raw material base for the production of specific drugs requires the study of the organic composition of peat, including HA and bitumen on all swamp depth. The article substantiates the need to identify the highest quality raw material base (peat deposit or combinations peat deposits) for the production of specific products. On the example of the peat deposit Gazoprovodnoe, presents the results of the analysis of HA and bitumens throughout the profile of the peat deposit and establishes the possibility of using peat resources of this peat deposit in the production of a wide range of drugs for medical purposes and household chemicals.
Daily Saliva and Vaginal Mucins Co-vary in Protein-to-Carbohydrate Ratio
Authors: Baier Robert E. , Meyer Anne E.
Published: September 2018

The currently reported study employed the curiously named (but simple) quantitative, nondestructive technique of Multiple Attenuated Internal Reflection InfraRed (MAIR-IR) spectroscopy to assess daily variations of both saliva and vaginal secretions from a panel of consenting volunteers. The project goal was to determine whether the protein-to-carbohydrate (starch) ratio, determined by MAIR-IR analysis of salivary and vaginal secretions is an objective measure of the co-variation of mucinous secretions with daily menstrual cycle. Overall, the spectral data were found to provide valid signatures of vaginal mucus chemical changes that also correlated with cyclic periods of presumed fertility, such periods exhibiting repeat times of 14-16 days and 27-29 days in the thoroughly analyzed records. At mid-cycle, associated with ovulatory events, the protein-to-carbohydrate ratio of vaginal mucin maximizes. Higher carbohydrate ratios are associated with stiffer cervical mucus plug formation, which usually prevents infection, spontaneous abortion, and pre-term birth, but may also be responsible for infertility. Mucin relaxation compounds, such as the FDA-approved oral rinse, delmopinol, may induce fertility in such cases.
Reflexões sobre características prosódicas do desenvolvimento da negação
Authors: Vasconcelos Angelina Nunes de , Scarpa Ester , Dodane Christelle
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho volta-se ao desenvolvimento da negação a partir do estudo de registros longitudinais de uma criança brasileira em seu segundo ano de vida, em comparação a registros de uma criança francesa. Para tanto, foram analisadas as produções infantis interpretadas pelos adultos como protestos, oposições e negações. Pesquisas sobre as produções infantis sublinham como bebês de apenas nove meses de idade são capazes de produzir características rítmicas e entonacionais de sua língua materna (KONOPCZYNSKI, 1990; 1991). Neste estudo, as características prosódicas das primeiras negações infantis são analisadas, com o objetivo de observar quais elementos prosódicos de sua língua estão presentes nesses primeiros enunciados. Analisam-se registros videográficos realizados em contexto natural e cotidiano de interação entre a criança e seus pais, a partir dos programas PHON e PRAAT. Observou-se o alinhamento entre os movimentos do contorno de Fº e a estrutura sintática das negações infantis, mais especificamente os marcadores de negação. Como conclusão, destaca-se o papel da prosódia no desenvolvimento da negação e na estruturação dos primeiros enunciados negativos.
On Translations of the Emerald to Ruthenian
Authors: Чистякова Марина
Published: September 2018

Several attempts were made in the Kyiv Metropolis to translate the basic version of the Emerald (Izmaragd) from Church Slavonic to Ruthenian. These translations were fragmentary, though. The oldest translation, limited to 17 initial chapters of the Emerald, is known in the version dating back to the last quarter of the 15th century. This translation was later partially (8 сhapters) used in compiling the Gnojno version of the Emerald, which consisted of 29 texts in Ruthenian. At least four other Ruthenian chapters from the Emerald dating back to late 16th century are contained in the collection from Pavel Simson’s compendium No 2. Another three texts are found in a collection which dates back to early 17th century and is stored in the Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum in Lviv.
Private Handwritten Prayer Books of the Catholics from the XVIII–XIX-century Right-Bank Ukraine as an Evidence of the Era).
Authors: Путова Ганна Вадимівна
Published: September 2018

The article presents a description and analysis of the peculiarities of the handwritten prayer books of Catholics of the Right-Bank Ukraine of the XVIІІ–XIX centuries on the example of one of the collections of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kiev.
Did Two Zlatousts from the Collection of the Princes Chartoryski Library in Cracow Once Belong to Fr Iwan Wiszeński?
Authors: Stradomski Jan
Published: September 2018

In the collection of manuscripts of the Princes Chartoryski Library in Cracow, there are two manuscripts (from the beginning of the 17th century) which are related, in academic literature, with the person of Orthodox monk, Iwan Wiszeński. The volumes, described in catalogues as Zlatousts, were to be brought by him directly from the Mt Athos. Codicological and textual analysis of the manuscripts shows that the tomes are not the Zlatousts, but two volumes (Lent and Paschal period) from an extensive collection of Byzantine and Slavic panegyrical works, known as Studios Monastery Homiliarium. Characteristic features of both the books show that the manuscripts were written on the area of the former Polish Republic (The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), thus they may only be copies of the originals brought from the Balkan region (not necessarily the Mt Athos). It is possible that Iwan Wiszeński was engaged personally in the delivery of manuscripts of this type, unpopular in Orthodox literature in the Ruthenian territory, but not of these particular ones.
In Defense of Futile Effort – Joanna Rapacka and the Study of Croatian Literary History
Authors: Bogdan Tomislav
Published: September 2018

The article analyses two methods from the scholarly oeuvre of a great Polish Croatian and Slavic studies scholar Joanna Rapacka (1939–2000). These two methods are very interesting and in a particular manner topical, especially in Croatian philology: due to a reconstruction of historical poetics and research of sources, and because of a deconstruction of national myths and national essentialism in literary historiography. These two approaches are closely linked in an attempt to understand an older, pre-modern literary culture in its original, epochal context.
Biblical Intertexts through the Prism of „the Integrated Approach” [Fundamental Translation Studies Work]
Authors: Горнятко-Шумилович Анна
Published: September 2018

The review sets out to provide a critical analysis of Oksana Dzera’s monographic research whichhas an obvious topicality and interdisciplinary character as the work aims to investigate issues oftheory and practice of translation, intertextuality and theolinguistics. The monograph is regardedas a successful project marked with novelty, considerable theoretical and practical value and perspectiveto open up new vistas for further research.
New, Rare and Slavonized Graecisms and Their Role in Localization of Church Slavonic Texts
Authors: Црвенковска Емилија
Published: September 2018

The paper provides overview of the destiny of some Old Church Slavonic/Church Slavonic manuscripts, as well as the issues related to their time and spatial localization. Special attention has been paid to the role of loanwords in localization of these texts, taking into consideration the different Slavonic and Non-Slavonic contact zones. In addition, the paper elaborates on some rare, new and Slavonized graecisms, entered after the return of the Church Slavonic literature at the Slavonic South, in Slavonic-Greek contact zone. This lexis can be usually found in hymnographic texts, in prophetologion, as well as in the commented psalter. Analysis of many properties shows that Slavonic translations or later redactions of these texts are created at the Ohrid Literary School, i.e. at the Slavonic southwest areal. Several graecisms which became part of the spoken and dialect language contribute to more precise localization. The question remains how certain graecisms can contribute to more precise localization of Church Slavonic texts, considering the fact that a certain lexical layer can originate from the archetype or from the protograph. It is possible that the lexical elements can be a result of the latter redaction.
A New Bibliographic Contribution. [Neli Gančeva. St. Clement of Ohrid])
Authors: Иванова Мая
Published: September 2018

This is a review of the most recent bibliography on St. Clement of Ohrid, which was prepared by Neli Gancheva, a philologist and bibliographer at the Cyrillo-Methodian Research Centre of the Bulgarian Academy of Science. This study, dedicated to the 1100 anniversary of St. Clement’s dormition, is a continuation of the previous Cyrillo-Methodian bibliographies (1934; 1942; 1980; 1983; 2003; 2010) and bibliographies on St. Clement (1966; 1980). It reflects 1302 publications of the last 35 years in the Bulgarian and foreign scholarship as well as popular papers and artistic works (both fine arts and music are included here as well); folklore texts about St. Clement and thescholarly research on the folklore material. In summary, the bibliographic work by Neli Gancheva comes on time, brings contributions and is extremely useful.
Identity in the Literature of Czech Těšín Region
Authors: Střelec Karel
Published: September 2018

The monograph called Identita v literatuře Těšínska (Identity in the Literature of Czech Těšín Region) deals with the works of the Polish national minority in this region, especially with the literature after the World War II. The author also deals with the reception of works by Czech and Polish authors and the translation activities of the Polish minority. Particular studies bring specific results of Martinek‘s expert research and give an inspiring reflection of the topic being discussed. The book thus adequately follows the author‘s earlier work on the literature of Těšínsko, especially on the works Identita v literatuře českého Těšínska. Vybrané problémy (Identity in the Literature of Czech Těšín Region. Chosen Problems), 2009, and Życie literackie na Zaolziu 1920–1989 (Literary Life at Zaolzie 1920–1989), 2008, and a number of other partial studies.
Last Will as an Act of Preparation for Death [Based on Documents from Registers of the Solovetskiy Monastery of the 16th Century]
Authors: Хрынкевич-Aдамских Божена
Published: September 2018

Expressing wishes as to how a person’s property was to be distributed at death was permitted by Old-Russian common law. At first, oral disposals had been practiced, whereas written wills became widespread only in the 14th century. Disposals of an estate were principally made by liege lords and church authorities, hardly ever by peasants. This article presents a study of 8 unique peasants’ wills from registers of the Solovetskiy Monastery of the 16th century. A pope was obligatorily in attendance when such documents were prepared. All analyzed wills referred to Christian ethics and values. The dispositions of personal property alternated with requests to pray for the testator’s salvation. It seems that the main purpose of the examined last wills was not to transfer of real estates and personal property to successors but to contain a testator’s understanding of dying and death, and to form a proper attitude towards them. Preparation of someone’s last will and getting rid of material goods constituted an act of contrition that closed the testator’s worldly existence and conditioned his eternal life after death.
Nonlinear Sherman-type inequalities
Authors: Niezgoda Marek
Published: September 2018

An important class of Schur-convex functions
is generated by convex functions
via the well-known Hardy–Littlewood–Pólya–Karamata inequality.
Sherman’s inequality is a natural generalization of the HLPK inequality.
It can be viewed as a comparison of two special inner product expressions
induced by a convex function of one variable.
In the present note,
we extend the Sherman inequality
from the (bilinear) inner product
to a (nonlinear) map of two vectorial variables
satisfying the Leon–Proschan condition.
Some applications are shown
for directional derivatives and gradients of Schur-convex functions.
Der Preis der Überlieferungsnähe. Zur neuen Ausgabe der ›Virginal‹
Authors: Kragl Florian
Published: September 2018

With respect to the new edition of the ›Virginal‹ and looking back on recent philological practice in the field of Medieval German studies, the article discusses the paradigm of the ›überlieferungsgeschichtliche Edition‹. It is argued that the potential and the value of an ›überlieferungsgeschichtliche Edition‹ vary substantially, depending on the research interest of the user/reader as well as on the characteristics of the transmission of the text. Generally speaking, the ›überlieferungsgeschichtliche Edition‹ should by no means be regarded as the philological joker as which it is commonly seen. The consequences which arise from the ›Gestalt‹ of an edition for literary history are reflected with regards to the text family usually referred to as ›aventiurehafte Dietrichepik‹.
“Closing the loop”: a mixed-methods study about resident learning from outcome feedback after patient handoffs
Authors: Shenvi Edna C. , Feupe Stephanie Feudjio , Yang Hai , El-Kareh Robert
Published: September 2018

Background

Learning patient outcomes is recognized as crucial for ongoing refinement of clinical decision-making, but is often difficult in fragmented care with frequent handoffs. Data on resident habits of seeking outcome feedback after handoffs are lacking.

Methods

We performed a mixed-methods study including (1) an analysis of chart re-access rates after handoffs performed using access logs of the electronic health record (EHR); and (2) a web-based survey sent to internal medicine (IM) and emergency medicine (EM) residents about their habits of and barriers to learning the outcomes of patients after they have handed them off to other teams.

Results

Residents on ward rotations were often able to re-access charts of patients after handoffs, but those on EM or night admitting rotations did so <5% of the time. Among residents surveyed, only a minority stated that they frequently find out the outcomes of patients they have handed off, although learning outcomes was important to both their education and job satisfaction. Most were not satisfied with current systems of learning outcomes of patients after handoffs, citing too little time and lack of reliable patient tracking systems as the main barriers.

Conclusions

Despite perceived importance of learning outcomes after handoffs, residents cite difficulty with obtaining such information. Systematically providing feedback on patient outcomes would meet a recognized need among physicians in training.
Harmonization of European Insolvency Law: Preventing Insolvency Law from Turning against Creditors by Upholding the Debt–Equity Divide
Authors: de Weijs R.J.
Published: September 2018

In essence, insolvency law is collective debt collection law. By means of a collective procedure, insolvency law seeks to ensure that the going concern value is captured for the creditors. Where the shareholders possess the dominant voice outside of insolvency, in insolvency creditors take over this position and become the economic owners of the company. In three different settings shareholders can interfere with the insolvency process and try to capture all the value in the company or at least leave the creditors with the liquidation value and usurp the going concern surplus. These three settings are (i) shareholders as secured lenders, (ii) shareholders as acquirers out of pre-packs or other asset sales and (iii) shareholders under composition plans. The proposed EU Directive on Preventive Restructuring Frameworks and Second Chance (November 2016) contains measures in the field of composition plans as part of a preventive restructuring. The proposed directive addresses the potential problem that shareholders would usurp the going concern surplus by introducing the Absolute Priority Rule. The proposed directive should be considered a first step in the right direction. It should, however, be realized that the protection offered in the proposed directive could easily be circumvented by a shareholder financing not with capital but with secured shareholder loans. Also, if pre-pack sales or other sale processes do not limit interference by shareholders, shareholders will prefer the route of an asset sale above a restructuring.