bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototypical brands and cultural influences
Authors: Jin Byoungho , Yang Heesoon , Kim Naeun
Published: February 2019

Purpose

To extend the understanding of country image to the country whose image is less distinctive, the purpose of this paper is to examine two salient factors: one country’s prototypical brand and its cultural influence (i.e. Korean Wave) on shaping the country’s image in the context of Korea and its subsequent impact on product evaluation and purchase intention. Built on the prototype and schema theories, a research framework is proposed and empirically tested on two product categories (cosmetics and tires).

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from US consumers ages 20 and older and analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings largely supported the proposed framework with two additional paths (Korean Wave to product quality and Korean Wave to purchase intention). In both product categories, the findings confirmed that the image transfers from the prototypical brands (e.g. Samsung) to the country image (i.e., Korea), from Korean Wave to country image, and from the macro country image to the micro country image. The influence of the prototypical brand image was greater than that of the Korean Wave. However, some differences were found across product categories; the positive impact of the macro image on product quality evaluation was supported only for tires, not in the case of the cosmetics. The path from the Korean Wave to product quality evaluation was significant only for the cosmetics, and not for the tires.

Originality/value

These findings provided new theoretical perspectives for country image studies, and practical insights for companies, especially in countries whose image is less distinctive, to help develop effective marketing strategies in different product categories.
From doing to being: the tensions of systemic practice in social work – group reflective supervision in child protection
Authors: Bingle Leanne , Middleton Amanda
Published: February 2019

This research aimed to consider the impact of introducing the systemic approach to child protection practice through the forum of group reflective supervision. A single case discussion was observed, recorded and transcribed and the data interpreted using thematic analysis (Braun and Clark, 2006). The social workers observed were trained in the systemic approach to foundation level. The data generated showed social workers using hypotheses to put forward ideas about a family shaped by systemic principles. However the inclusion of a pathologising discourse about a mother being blind to the sexual abuse of her daughter and an absence of self‐reflexivity suggested social workers were limited by linear thinking. The paper uses this data to suggest a tension between systemic practice and the child protection paradigm. The findings illustrate the challenge of occupying a systemic posture (the being) and the application of systemic concepts and techniques (the doing) in child protection. This paper recommends that systemic practice be taught and supported in social work to shape a more robustly reflexive systemic ‘being’ in the child protection context.

Practitioner points

There are tensions in applying systemic principles in social work contexts that create unique challenges for practitioners

Without due attention to systemic epistemology in group reflective supervision, practitioners can rely too much on techniques to the detriment of reflexivity

Hypothesising in the child protection context can be useful in the work but can be constrained by institutional pressures

Without paying attention to circularity and reflexivity, hypotheses can recreate pathologising discourses
Optimising detection of acidification kinetics diversity in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis using SDS‐PAGE protein fingerprinting as screening method
Authors: Tabla Rafael , Molina Felipe , Rebollo José E. , Roa Isidro
Published: February 2019

Cell‐free extracts from 157 Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from Artisan cheese were screened by protein fingerprinting previous to their technological characterisation. The strains were classified according to their electrophoretic patterns into five groups. A set of strains representing the different clusters were selected to study their acidifying activity in milk. Time and rate feature points, as well as the shape of the acidification curves, resulted in six different fermentation kinetics, mostly consistent with the electrophoretic groups. Thus, selection of native strains as starter cultures based on their acidifying activity could be optimised by protein fingerprinting.
Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Oil: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Composition, Extraction Technologies, Health Benefits, and Current Applications
Authors: Xie Dan , Gong Mengyue , Wei Wei , Jin Jun , Wang Xiaosan , Wang Xingguo , Jin Qingzhe
Published: February 2019

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) oil has been receiving increasing attention due to its nutritional and functional potentials. However, its application as a novel food ingredient has not yet been fully explored. This review summarizes the chemical composition, extraction technologies, potential health benefits, and current applications of krill oil, with the aim of providing suggestions for its exploitation. Krill oil is a unique lipid consisting of diverse lipid classes and is characterized by a high concentration (39.29% to 80.69%) of phospholipids (PLs) associated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It also contains considerable amounts of bioactive minor components such as astaxanthin, sterols, tocopherols, vitamin A, flavonoids, and minerals. The current technologies used in krill oil production are solvent extraction, nonsolvent extraction, super/subcritical fluid extraction, and enzyme‐assisted pretreatment extraction, which all greatly influence the yield and quality of the end‐product. In addition, krill oil has been documented to have various health benefits, including anti‐inflammatory effects, cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, women's health, neuroprotection, and anticancer activities. Although krill oil products used for dietary supplements have been commercially available, few studies have attempted to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms to elucidate how exactly the krill oil exerts different biological activities. Further studies should focus on this to improve the development of krill oil products for human consumption.
Hyperoxygenation revitalizes Alzheimer’s disease pathology through the upregulation of neurotrophic factors
Authors: Choi Juli , Kwon Hye‐Jin , Lee Jung‐Eun , Lee Yunjin , Seoh Ju‐Young , Han Pyung‐Lim
Published: February 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ‐induced pathology and progressive cognitive decline. The incidence of AD is growing globally, yet a prompt and effective remedy is not available. Aging is the greatest risk factor for AD. Brain aging proceeds with reduced vascularization, which can cause low oxygen (O2) availability. Accordingly, the question may be raised whether O2 availability in the brain affects AD pathology. We found that Tg‐APP/PS1 mice treated with 100% O2 at increased atmospheric pressure in a chamber exhibited markedly reduced Aβ accumulation and hippocampal neuritic atrophy, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and profoundly improved the cognitive deficits on the multiple behavioral test paradigms. Hyperoxygenation treatment increased the expression of BDNF, NT3, and NT4/5 through the upregulation of MeCP2/p‐CREB activity in HT22 cells in vitro and in the hippocampus of mice. In contrast, siRNA‐mediated inhibition of MeCP2 or TrkB neurotrophin receptors in the hippocampal subregion, which suppresses neurotrophin expression and neurotrophin action, respectively, blocked the therapeutic effects of hyperoxygenation on the cognitive impairments of Tg‐APP/PS1 mice. Our results highlight the importance of the O2‐related mechanisms in AD pathology, which can be revitalized by hyperoxygenation treatment, and the therapeutic potential of hyperoxygenation for AD.
In Utero Exposure to Alcohol Impairs Reactivity of Cerebral Arterioles and Increases Susceptibility of the Brain to Damage Following Ischemia/Reperfusion in Adulthood
Authors: Cananzi Sergio G. , Mayhan William G.
Published: February 2019

Background

Maternal consumption of alcohol produces abnormalities in the developing fetus and can contribute to an increased incidence of many cardiovascular‐related diseases. The first goal of this study was to determine whether in utero exposure to alcohol influences reactivity of cerebral arterioles in adult (12 to 15 weeks old) rats. The second goal of this study was to examine whether in utero exposure to alcohol increased the susceptibility of the brain to damage following an ischemic event in adult rats.

Methods

We fed Sprague Dawley dams a liquid diet with or without alcohol (3% ethanol) for the duration of their pregnancy (21 to 23 days). In the first series of studies, we examined reactivity of cerebral arterioles to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐ (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)‐dependent N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA, and NOS‐independent agonists in adult rats before and during application of l‐NMMA. In another series of studies, we examined infarct volume following middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult offspring exposed to alcohol in utero. In both series of studies, we also determined the role for an increase in oxidative stress by feeding dams apocynin for the duration of their pregnancy.

Results

We found that in utero exposure to alcohol reduced responses of cerebral arterioles to ADP and NMDA, but not to nitroglycerin in adult rats. In addition, treatment of the dams with apocynin prevented this impairment in cerebral vascular function. We also found that in utero exposure to alcohol worsened brain damage following ischemia/reperfusion in adult rats and that treatment of dams with apocynin prevented this increase in brain damage following ischemia/reperfusion.

Conclusions

We suggest that our findings may have important implications for the pathogenesis of brain abnormalities associated with fetal alcohol exposure.
Incubation of neural alcohol cue reactivity after withdrawal and its blockade by naltrexone
Authors: Bach Patrick , Weil Georg , Pompili Enrico , Hoffmann Sabine , Hermann Derik , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Mann Karl , Perez‐Ramirez Ursula , Moratal David , Canals Santiago , Dursun Serdar M. , Greenshaw Andrew J. , Kirsch Peter , Kiefer Falk , Sommer Wolfgang H.
Published: February 2019

During the first weeks of abstinence, alcohol craving in patients may increase or “incubate.” We hypothesize that Naltrexone (NTX) blocks this incubation effect. Here, we compared NTX effects on neural alcohol cue reactivity (CR) over the first weeks of abstinence and on long‐term clinical outcomes to standard treatment. Male alcohol‐dependent patients (n = 55) and healthy controls (n = 35) were enrolled. Participants underwent baseline psychometric testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) assessment of mesolimbic alcohol CR. Patients participated in a standard treatment program with the option of adjuvant NTX. They received another scan after 2 weeks of treatment. We found higher CR in several brain regions in patients versus healthy controls. CR significantly increased over 2 weeks in the standard treatment group (n = 13) but not in the NTX group (n = 22). NTX significantly attenuated CR in the left putamen and reduced relapse risk to heavy drinking within 3 months of treatment. Additionally, increased CR in the left putamen and its course over time predicted both NTX response and relapse risk. Carrier status for the functional OPRM1 variant rs1799971:A > G was considered but had no effect on NTX efficacy. In conclusion, NTX was most effective in patients with high CR in the left putamen. While the results from our naturalistic study await further confirmation from prospective randomized trials, they support a potential role of neural CR as a biomarker in the development of precision medicine approaches with NTX.
Contributory factors and potentially avoidable neonatal encephalopathy associated with acute peripartum events: An observational study
Authors: Sadler Lynn C. , Masson Vicki L. , Belgrave Sue , Bennett Hillary F. , van den Boom Jutta , Miller Suzanne , Battin Malcolm R.
Published: February 2019

Background

In 25% of affected babies, neonatal encephalopathy results from acute peripartum events, but rigorous review of these cases for quality improvement is seldom reported. New Zealand has maintained a national database of all babies diagnosed with Sarnat moderate and severe neonatal encephalopathy since 2010 under the Perinatal and Maternal Mortality Review Committee.

Aims

To determine the rate of contributory factors, potentially avoidable mortality or morbidity, and to identify key areas for improvements to maternity and neonatal care among cases of neonatal encephalopathy following an acute peripartum event.

Materials and methods

Sarnat moderate and severe cases identified from the national collection of neonatal encephalopathy with a history of an acute peripartum event were reviewed using a standardised independent multidisciplinary methodology and a tool for assessing contributory factors and potential avoidability, with the addition of a human factors lens.

Results

Forty‐seven cases from 2013 to 2015 were reviewed. The most common acute peripartum events were placental abruption (12) and shoulder dystocia (11). Contributory factors were identified in 89%, and the severity of outcome was potentially avoidable in 66%. Key modifiable areas included dynamic risk assessment, preparedness for obstetric and neonatal emergencies, best practice for maternal and fetal surveillance in labour, and documentation.

Conclusions

There is significant potential to improve quality and safety in acute peripartum care to reduce the risk of neonatal encephalopathy. Human factors were not well captured by the clinical notes or review tool. Attention to human factors by improved methodology can enhance review of neonatal encephalopathy.
On the Transformative Potential of Community Land Trusts in the United States
Authors: DeFilippis James , Williams Olivia R. , Pierce Joseph , Martin Deborah G. , Kruger Rich , Esfahani Azadeh Hadizadeh
Published: February 2019

Growing interest in non‐capitalist ownership models raises empirical questions about the political implications of such models. In this paper we ask: are non‐capitalist property ownership models inherently politically transformative? A study of community land trusts (CLTs) based in Minnesota illustrates that alternative property models do not necessarily produce transformative political outcomes. Interviews of those involved inCLTs revealed that they most often engage in affirmative politics, rather than challenging structural problems. Seeds of transformation were evident in theseCLTs as well, however, and we explore these moments through four lenses of transformation in order to see the potential building blocks toward other worlds. To this end, we highlight changes in participant subjectivities, collective relationship building, the cultivation of community control, and the subversion of power hierarchies. While these moments offer pathways toward greater transformation, this study reveals the necessity of intentionally transformative practice in alternative ownership models.
Geographies of Indigenous Identity: Spatial Imaginaries and Racialised Power Struggles in Bolivia
Authors: Ravindran Tathagatan
Published: February 2019

This article examines racial power struggles in Bolivia through a spatial lens. It analyses the process of resistance to the oligarchic elites mounted by indigenous‐popular sectors in Bolivia in the first decade of the 21st century as well as the subsequent eruption of conflicts between different indigenous sectors, and argues that political conflicts in Bolivia in the 21st century are, among other things, also conflicts over spatial imaginaries and the different territorialising and (re)territorialising projects corresponding to them. Social movements against racial neoliberalism challenged the colonial spatial imaginary. The partial success of those struggles brought into relief two distinct indigenous spatial imaginaries, one rooted in the defence of ancestral territory and indigenous autonomy, and the other based on a redefinition of territoriality as centrality within the state and society at large. The article reads contemporary inter‐indigenous conflicts as manifestations of the differences between these two spatial imaginaries.
Application of the Multi‐Process Action Control Framework to Understand Parental Support of Child and Youth Physical Activity, Sleep, and Screen Time Behaviours
Authors: Rhodes Ryan E. , Berry Tanya , Faulkner Guy , Latimer‐Cheung Amy E. , O'Reilly Norman , Tremblay Mark S. , Vanderloo Leigh , Spence John C.
Published: February 2019

Background

The purpose of this paper was to apply a framework designed to evaluate the intention–behaviour gap, known as multi‐process action control (M‐PAC), to understand parental support for the Canadian 24‐Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth.

Method

Parents (N = 1,208) of children 5–17 years of age, completed measures of reflective (attitudes, perceived control), regulatory (planning), and reflexive (identity, habit) processes as well as intention and support behaviours.

Results

Parents had significantly (p < .01) higher intentions in descending order to support sleep (86%), reduce screen time (62%), or support physical activity (65% to 61%). Translation of these intentions into behaviour was also significantly (p < .01) higher in a descending pattern for sleep support (80%), screen time reduction (68%), and physical activity support (56% to 31%). Congruent with M‐PAC, a discriminant function analysis of the results showed that the translation of parental support intentions into behaviour was associated with a combination of reflective, regulatory, and reflexive antecedents but these varied by the behaviours.

Conclusion

The majority of parents have positive intentions to support child and youth health behaviours, yet many fail to enact this support. Translation of intention into action was associated with attitudinal aspects, control over support, self‐regulation skills, and parental habits and identity.
Editorial: redrawing the boundaries for surgical intervention in hepatocellular carcinoma—authors’ reply
Authors: Wang Yan‐Yan , Zhong Jian‐Hong , Mao Yi‐Lei , Li Le‐Qun , Xing Bao‐Cai
Published: February 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Wang et al and Liem and Janssen papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15074 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15121.
Flow‐mediated movement of freshwater catfish, Tandanus bostocki, in a regulated semi‐urban river, to inform environmental water releases
Authors: Beesley Leah , Close Paul G. , Gwinn Daniel C. , Long Matthew , Moroz Michael , Koster Wayne M. , Storer Timothy
Published: February 2019

Movement and migration of fish are critical for sustaining riverine fish populations. Water resource development alters natural flow regimes and can disconnect habitats and interfere with hydrological cues for fish movement. Environmental flow releases can counter these impacts, but to be effective they must be based on quantitative flow–biota relationships. We used radio‐telemetry to investigate the association between flow and movement of Tandanus bostocki, a plotosid fish endemic to south‐western Australia. Movement was assessed for 15 adult fish at three temporal scales: weekly, daily and bihourly to reveal seasonal patterns in movement, movement around individual flow pulses, and to describe changes in home range respectively. We used a predictive modelling approach to assess the importance of discharge and other covariates on the directional distance travelled or linear home range size. Our seasonal and flow pulse study revealed that T. bostocki undertook larger downstream movements during higher flows and smaller upstream movements during lower flows. Daily movements tended to be downstream on the ascending limb of flow pulses and upstream on the descending limb. Flow‐dependent movements at weekly or daily time scales were relatively modest (typically hundreds of metres) and were moderated by time of year and gender; however, fish underwent a synchronised 1‐km movement upstream during the known reproductive period in October. The home range study revealed that T. bostocki had larger home ranges (night‐time foraging) when baseflow was elevated. These results can assist the design of customised environmental flows in the study river and other flow‐regulated rivers.
The nociceptive withdrawal reflex of the trunk is organized with unique muscle receptive fields and motor strategies
Authors: Massé‐Alarie Hugo , Salomoni Sauro E. , Hodges Paul W.
Published: February 2019

Noxious stimuli induce a nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) to protect the tissue from injury. Although the NWR was once considered as a stereotyped response, previous studies report distinct responses depending on the stimulation site and context for limbs. We aimed to determine whether noxious stimuli over the trunk produced adaptable complex NWR. We hypothesized that organization of the NWR of the trunk muscle would vary with the site of noxious input and would differ between body and spine postures, which modify the potential for specific muscles to remove threat. Fourteen participants were tested in sitting and three lumbar spine postures in side lying (neutral, flexion and extension). Noxious electrical stimuli were applied over the sacrum, spinous process of L3 and T12, lateral side of the 8th rib and anterior midline. NWR latency and amplitude were recorded with surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes over different trunk muscles. Distinct patterns of muscle activation depended on the stimulation site and were consistent with motor strategies needed to withdraw from the noxious stimuli. The NWR pattern differed between body positions, with less modulation observed in sitting than side lying. Spine posture did not affect the NWR organisation. Our results suggest the circuits controlling trunk muscle NWR presents with adaptability as a function of stimulation site and body position by utilizing the great complexity of the trunk muscle system to produce an efficient protective response. This suggests that the central nervous system (CNS) uses multiple adaptable strategies that are unique depending on which context the noxious stimuli are applied.
Stability of grassland production is robust to changes in the consumer food web
Authors: Kohli Mayank , Borer Elizabeth T. , Kinkel Linda , Seabloom Eric W.
Published: February 2019

Theory predicts that consumers may stabilise or destabilise plant production depending on model assumptions, and tests in aquatic food webs suggest that trophic interactions are stabilising. We quantified the effects of trophic interactions on temporal variability (standard deviation) and temporal stability (mean/standard deviation) of grassland biomass production and the plant diversity–stability relationship by experimentally removing heterotrophs (large vertebrates, arthropods, foliar and soil fungi) from naturally and experimentally assembled grasslands of varying diversity. In both grassland types, trophic interactions proportionately decreased plant community biomass mean and variability over the course of 6 years, leading to no net change in temporal stability or the plant diversity–stability relationship. Heterotrophs also mediated plant coexistence; their removal reduced diversity in naturally assembled grasslands. Thus, herbivores and fungi reduce biomass production, concurrently reducing the temporal variability of energy and material fluxes. Because of this coupling, grassland stability is robust to large food web perturbations.
Risk analysis of hemorrhage in stereo‐electroencephalography procedures
Authors: McGovern Robert A. , Ruggieri Paul , Bulacio Juan , Najm Imad , Bingaman William E. , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge A.
Published: February 2019

Objective

To examine the true incidence of hemorrhage related to stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) procedures. To analyze risk factors associated with the presence of different types of hemorrhage in SEEG procedures.

Methods

This was a retrospective, single‐center observational study examining every SEEG implantation performed at our center from 2009 to 2017. This consisted of 549 consecutive SEEG implantations using a variety of stereotactic and imaging techniques. A hemorrhage grading system was applied by a blinded neuroradiologist to every postimplant and postexplant computed tomography (CT) scan. Hemorrhages were classified as asymptomatic or symptomatic based on neurologic deficit seen on examination. Statistical analysis included multivariate regression using relevant preoperative variables to predict the presence of hemorrhage.

Results

One hundred five implantations (19.1%) had any type of hemorrhage seen on postimplant CT. Of these, 93 (16.9%) were asymptomatic and 12 (2.2%) were symptomatic, with 3 implantations (0.6%) resulting in either a permanent deficit (2, 0.4%) or death (1, 0.2%). Male sex, increased number of electrodes, and increasing age were associated with increased risk of postimplant hemorrhage on multivariate analysis. Increasing score in the grading system was related to a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of a symptomatic hemorrhage.

Significance

Detailed examination of every postimplant CT reveals that the total hemorrhage rate appears higher than previously reported. Most of these hemorrhages are small and asymptomatic. Our grading system may be useful to risk stratify these hemorrhages and awaits prospective validation.
Low endoscopy bleeding risk in patients with congenital bleeding disorders
Authors: Tomaszewski Marcel , Bienz Marc , Kherad Omar , Restellini Sophie , Laflèche Tania , Barkun Alan , Warner Margaret , Bessissow Talat
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Haemophilia A and haemophilia B, von Willebrand disease (VWD), factor VII deficiency and factor XI deficiency are congenital bleeding disorders predisposing to bleeding during invasive procedures. The ageing population of people with congenital bleeding disorders will likely increasingly require gastrointestinal endoscopy. The bleeding risk postgastrointestinal endoscopy and optimal prophylactic treatment regimens are not well described.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review at the McGill University Health Centre. Adult patients with haemophilia A or B, VWD, FVII deficiency and FXI deficiency who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures were included. Bleeding prophylaxis included combinations of plasma‐derived factor (VWD) or recombinant factor (haemophilia A and haemophilia B), desmopressin and/or tranexamic acid. Our primary outcome was the 72‐hour postendoscopy bleeding rate.

Results

One hundred and four endoscopies were performed in 48 patients. Haemophilia A (45.3% of endoscopies) was the most common bleeding disorder, followed by VWD (38.5%), FXI deficiency (8.7%), haemophilia B (4.8%) and FVII deficiency (2.9%). All patients were reviewed by the Haemophilia Treatment Center with peri‐procedure treatment protocols put in place as required. The overall 72‐hour bleeding rate was 0.96%, confidence interval (CI) 95% (0.17%‐5.25%). The colonoscopic postpolypectomy bleeding rate was 1/21 (4.8%, CI 95% (0.9%‐22.7%)) in comparison with the general population rate of 0.3%‐10% for high‐risk endoscopy (including colonoscopic polypectomy).

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study describing patients with inherited bleeding disorders undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy. The bleeding risk is not significantly higher to the general population when haemostatically managed by a team experienced in bleeding disorders.
Increasing optimal coagulation factor dosing in the paediatric emergency department: A quality improvement study
Authors: Drayton Jackson Meghan , Dunn Michael W. , Storey Michael A. , Dunn Amy L.
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Haemophilia is a disorder complicated by bleeding episodes that require emergent medical evaluation. Factor replacement dosing can present challenges for emergency department (ED) care.

Aims

We aimed to reduce out‐of‐range factor dosing in the ED. Specifically, we sought to increase the number of haemophilia ED patient visits between encounters where sub‐optimal factor dosing was administered from a baseline of 4‐15 encounters.

Methods

A chart review was completed on all patients with haemophilia A (HA) or B (HB) seen in the ED for injuries requiring factor concentrate from September 2015 to August 2016. Injuries were classified as minor—requiring a 50% factor correction or major—requiring a 100% factor correction. Optimal dosing range was defined as 90%‐120% of the institutional guideline goal for the degree of injury. The predicted optimal dose range for each patient was compared to the actual dose administered.

Results

Baseline data demonstrated optimal dosing range in 70% of encounters. There was no difference between patients with HA or HB in frequency of out‐of‐range dosing (P = 0.15). There was no difference in frequency of out‐of‐range dosing between types of clotting factor concentrate used. After initiation of quality improvement (QI) interventions, we achieved 16 encounters between out‐of‐range dosing, exceeding our goal of 15. However, this success was not sustained.

Conclusion

Optimal coagulation factor dosing is important for patient care and resource management. QI interventions promoted increased accuracy of factor dosing for patients with haemophilia seen in the ED.
Inpatient continuous cardiac monitoring in hyper‐acute stroke: a comparison between telemetry by cardiology and stroke unit
Authors: Valente Michael , Dewey Helen M. , Choi Philip M.
Published: February 2019

This retrospective study assessed the pattern of telemetry usage and rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) detection in the 6 months pre‐ and post‐implementation of stroke unit monitored telemetry; 122/154 (79%) of patients had telemetry prior to implementation of stroke unit based telemetry and 164/194 (85%) in the 5 months post (P = 0.31). The use of stroke unit based telemetry was associated with a small increase of telemetry usage and significant increase in telemetry hours per patient. AF detection was similar during the two study periods.
Royal College of Physicians of London: a 1793 entrant, fabled fellow or member malcontent
Authors: H. Short Bruce
Published: February 2019

The adverse fallout following the Royal Australasian College of Physician's (RACP) introduction to computer‐based testing that was disrupted in the February 2018 examinations, aroused great sympathy for the candidates and perhaps rekindled worrying memories by the College fellowship. The RACP's entrance procedures have slowly and steadily evolved since 1938 when the first 41of 45 practitioners were admitted to membership. Powerful emotive experiences accompany most applicants' progress to membership, perhaps no greater an ordeal than visited upon a 1793 anonymous entrant to the Royal College of Physicians of London, facing far different but no less stressful predicaments.
Non‐invasive ventilation of patients with acute asthma
Authors: Sheikh Muhammad , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Hurley James C.
Published: February 2019

A retrospective observational study of 21 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Frankston Hospital with acute asthma between 2011 and 2014 was undertaken. We report the outcomes for three groups of patients; those that did (n = 7) or did not (n = 6) receive initial therapy with non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) together with those that received invasive ventilation (n = 8). Patients successfully managed with NIV alone experienced a shorter ICU and hospital stay versus those who required invasive ventilation.
Ultrahigh‐strength alumina ceramic foams via gelation of foamed boehmite sol
Authors: Chen Yugu , Huo Wenlong , Zhang Xiaoyan , Lu Yuju , Yan Shu , Liu Jingjing , Gan Ke , Yang Jinlong
Published: February 2019

Ceramic foams with significant porosity and robust mechanical properties have received extensive attentions. However, it is still difficult to achieve excellent compressive strength at high porosity levels. In this work, a gelation of foamed boehmite sol method is proposed to settle this issue. The technological parameters during preparation process are systematically investigated. As‐prepared alumina ceramic foams possess unprecedentedly high compressive strength of 34.1‐89.1 MPa at high porosity levels of 66.0%‐87.2%, which is attributed to the present of hierarchical pore structure, small grain size and pore size. This work demonstrates a facile and novel method for the fabrication of high‐performance alumina ceramic foams toward practical applications.
Effects of preferred music therapy on peer attachment, depression, and salivary cortisol among early adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chen‐Jung , Chen Yi‐Chang , Ho Che‐Sheng , Lee Ying‐Chung
Published: February 2019

Aims

To explore the effects of preferred music therapy on peer attachment, depression, and salivary cortisol among early adolescents.

Background

As adolescents enter puberty, they start to seek partnering relationships among peers. Peer attachment is central for adolescents and greatly influences their physical and psychological development.

Design

A pre‐test‐posttest control group design.

Methods

The data were collected from July ‐ October 2016. A total of 65 individuals were included. The treatment group received 40 min of music therapy twice per week over the course of 10 weeks. The control group maintained its typical routine. The research data were collected using structured questionnaires, including basic information, the Inventory of Peer Attachment, the Beck Depression Inventory‐II questionnaires, and salivary cortisol concentrations. Statistical analysis methods included percentages, chi‐square tests, t tests, analyses of covariance, and the Johnson–Neyman technique.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in peer attachment, depression, and salivary cortisol levels in the music group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the findings showed that early adolescents with more severe depression experienced greater improvement through preferred music therapy.

Conclusion

The results allude to the beneficial effects of receiving preferred music therapy in terms of the peer attachment, depression, and salivary cortisol levels of early adolescents. Adjustments should be made based on the characteristics of student groups to develop suitable and safe music therapy and to reduce the risks of poor mental health.
Deep‐water fisheries along the British Isles continental slopes: status, ecosystem effects and future perspectives
Authors: Vieira Rui P. , Trueman Clive N. , Readdy Lisa , Kenny Andrew , Pinnegar John K.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we revisit the state of deep‐water fisheries to the west of the British Isles and aim to provide an overview on the key drivers behind community changes along continental margins. The deep‐water fisheries to the west of the British Isles that extend from the shelf‐slope break down to the lower slope and along banks and seamounts of the Rockall Basin, mainly target blue ling Molva dypterygia, roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris, orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus, with by‐catches of black scabbardfish Aphanopus carbo and tusk Brosme brosme. These fishing grounds experienced a long period of exhaustive exploitation until the early 2000s, but subsequently the implementation of management strategies has helped to relieve excessive fishing pressure. It is widely accepted that a better understanding of the long‐term implications of disturbance is needed to understand patterns in deep‐water communities and what sustainable use and exploitation of resources might look like in this context.
Examining Couple Recreation and Oxytocin via the Ecology of Family Experiences Framework
Authors: Melton Karen K. , Larson Maddie , Boccia Maria L.
Published: February 2019

Objective: To evaluate the release of oxytocin as a biomarker of romantic‐partner attachment during couple recreation.

Background: To date, no studies have examined the impact of distinct types of recreation activities on the release of oxytocin. The Ecology for Family Experience framework, which highlights the divergent experience of family members, guided the experimental design.

Method: A total of 20 cohabitating or married couples were randomly assigned to one of the following two experimental groups: board games or art class. Urinary oxytocin was measured before and after the recreational activity. Analysis of covariance was used to determine group differences in oxytocin levels.

Results All groups released oxytocin during couple activities. Men in the art class demonstrated oxytocin response twice the level than other groups. Couples in the art class reported more partner touching than couples playing board games. A significant environmental impact was also identified.

Conclusion: Oxytocin is released during couple recreational activities. Some types of activities may contribute to higher release of oxytocin than others. Key factors may include touch, novelty, and sex.

Implications: Findings support the Ecology of Family Experience framework as a useful tool in examining factors of divergent and convergent couple experiences. Researchers should further explore the role of touch and environment in the release of oxytocin during couple activities.
Cognitive diversity and innovative work behaviour: The mediating roles of task reflexivity and relationship conflict and the moderating role of perceived support
Authors: Chen Xingwen , Liu Jun , Zhang Haina , Kwan Ho Kwong
Published: February 2019

Previous research has merely explored the positive relationship between cognitive diversity and creativity, but the potential negative side of cognitive diversity might also prevail and should be examined together with its positive side. To address this gap, our study, drawing on the categorization–elaboration model framework, explored both the positive and negative effects of cognitive diversity on creativity/innovation in a single model. Using data collected from 101 teams (including both team leaders and team members) in 10 Chinese manufacturing companies, we identified a dual pathway – namely, task reflexivity (i.e., positive pathway) and relationship conflict (i.e., negative pathway) – in the linkage of cognitive diversity and innovative work behaviour (i.e., IWB). Cognitive diversity encouraged IWB via the task reflexivity pathway, but impeded IWB via the relationship conflict pathway. We further demonstrated that perceived support for innovation moderated the relationships between cognitive diversity and task reflexivity/relationship conflict, with cognitive diversity more related to task reflexivity and less related to relationship conflict when perceived support for innovation was high. Moderated mediation effects also indicated that the positive indirect effect of cognitive diversity on IWB through task reflexivity existed only when support for innovation was high and that the negative indirect effect of cognitive diversity on IWB through relationship conflict occurred only when support for innovation was low.

Practitioner points

This study informs team managers about the double‐edged‐sword effect of cognitive diversity on innovative work behaviour and calls for future research on how to manage diverse teams composed of individuals with different cognitions.

Cognitive diversity was found to influence innovative work behaviour positively via task reflexivity and negatively via relationship conflict. Therefore, team managers should encourage their employees to rethink and re‐evaluate task‐related issues but not translate this into emotional exclusion.

Perceived support for innovation strengthened the positive effect of cognitive diversity and weakened its negative influence. Therefore, team managers should build up such an environment by showing support and encouragement of innovation in teams of employees with different cognitions.
The occurrence of cardiac abnormalities in canine steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis
Authors: Spence S. , French A. , Penderis J. , Macfarlane L. , Gutierrez‐Quintana R. , Dickson L. , Holmes K. , McLauchlan G.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

To document the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in dogs with steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis and to assess resolution of these abnormalities following corticosteroid therapy.

Materials and Methods

Steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis was diagnosed based on signalment, physical examination findings, complete blood count, biochemistry and CSF analysis. Echocardiography, C‐reactive protein and cardiac troponin I were measured in all cases before and 10 to 14 days after commencing corticosteroid therapy. Fibrinogen was also measured in a proportion of dogs.

Results

Fourteen dogs were prospectively enrolled. Increased cardiac troponin I was identified in five of 14 dogs and echocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 12 of 14 dogs, including spontaneous echo contrast (12 of 14), mild pericardial effusion (five of 14) and mildly decreased fractional shortening (five of 14). All dogs had increased C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen was increased in 11 of 12. Corticosteroid treatment was associated with clinical improvement and normalisation of C‐reactive protein in all dogs. The cardiac troponin I levels normalised in four of five and fibrinogen had normalised in all five dogs which were retested. Spontaneous echo contrast improved or completely resolved in 12 of 12 and pericardial effusion resolved in five of five dogs. Fractional shortening normalised in two of five dogs.

Clinical Significance

Cardiac changes are common in dogs with steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis and most resolve with therapy. Further investigation into the cause and significance of these changes is necessary in determining whether antithrombotic therapy or positive inotropic therapy is indicated.
Integrating nutrition into health systems: What the evidence advocates
Authors: Salam Rehana A. , Das Jai K. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: February 2019

There is considerable evidence of positive health and nutrition outcomes resulting from integrating nutrition‐specific interventions into health systems; however, current knowledge on establishing and sustaining effective integration of nutrition into health systems is limited. The objective of this review is to map the existing types of integration platforms and review the evidence on integrated health and nutrition programmes' impacts on specific nutrition outcomes. A literature search was conducted, and integrated nutrition programmes were examined through the lens of the six World Health Organization (WHO) building blocks, including the demand side. Forty‐five studies were included in this review, outlining the integration of nutrition‐specific interventions with various programmes, including integrated community case management and Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, Child Health Days, immunization, early child development, and cash transfers. Limited quantitative data were suggestive of some positive impact on nutrition and non‐nutrition outcomes with no adverse effects on primary programme delivery. Through the lens of the six WHO building blocks, service delivery and health workforce were found to be well‐integrated, but governance, information systems, finance and supplies and technology were less well‐integrated. Integrating nutrition‐specific interventions into health systems may ensure efficient service delivery while having an impact on nutrition outcomes. There is no single successful model of integration; it varies according to the context and demands of the particular setting in which integration occurs. There is a need for more well‐planned programmes considering all the health systems building blocks to ensure compliance and sustainability.
Bacterial NHEJ: a never ending story
Authors: Bertrand Claire , Thibessard Annabelle , Bruand Claude , Lecointe François , Leblond Pierre
Published: February 2019

Double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are the most detrimental DNA damage encountered by bacterial cells. DBSs can be repaired by homologous recombination thanks to the availability of an intact DNA template or by Non‐Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) when no intact template is available. Bacterial NHEJ is performed by sets of proteins of growing complexity from Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Streptomyces and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Here, we discuss the contribution of these models to the understanding of the bacterial NHEJ repair mechanism as well as the involvement of NHEJ partners in other DNA repair pathways. The importance of NHEJ and of its complexity is discussed in the perspective of regulation through the biological cycle of the bacteria and in response to environmental stimuli. Finally, we consider the role of NHEJ in genome evolution, notably in horizontal gene transfer.
Trusting diversity: nationalist and multiculturalist orientations affect generalised trust through ethnic in‐group and out‐group trust
Authors: Kongshøj Kristian
Published: February 2019

One premise of popular nationalism is that ascribing to a shared culture that enjoys a privileged political status enables us to construct the foundation that is vital to generating and supporting trust among members of the ethnic majority. Multiculturalism presumes that the accommodation of new minority cultures is conducive to trust. Utilising structural equation modelling, this paper distinguishes between ethnic in‐group trust (in the Danish context, trusting fellow Danes) and ethnic out‐group trust (trusting refugees and immigrants), in addition to a more generalised social trust towards unknown others. Previous studies in this field have not distinguished between these different dimensions of social trust. Results show that, vis‐à‐vis generalised trust, at the individual level, nationalism cannot compensate for lower trust towards immigrants with higher trust towards other Danes. There is some support for the ‘national identity’ argument, whereby nationalism, perceived shared values and in‐group trust are positively correlated. However, the net effect of nationalism upon generalised trust remains negative. By contrast, multiculturalism is associated with higher levels of in‐group trust and out‐group trust and ultimately of generalised trust.
The New Ecology of Tornado Warning Information: A Natural Experiment Assessing Threat Intensity and Citizen‐to‐Citizen Information Sharing
Authors: Robinson Scott E. , Pudlo Jason M. , Wehde Wesley
Published: February 2019

The complexity of the modern information ecosystem raises many questions for public organizations. In the context of emergency management, information (such as warning messages) is communicated not only from a source of authority to the public but also between members of the public. The authors use a series of storms that affected Oklahoma in the spring of 2016 to test propositions related to how information about tornado warnings reached the public and who received and shared information about the storm, as well as to identify how gender and age mediate the influence that exposure to an extreme weather event has on the sharing of this information. Overall, the authors find that reported exposure to a tornado increases information sharing through a variety of media and technology. The effect of the tornado erases the otherwise present gender gap in sharing information, while it has little effect on the media platforms that are most popular among older respondents.