bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on Copson operator and its associated sequence space
Authors: Roopaei Hadi
Published: April 2020

In this research, we investigate two types of Copson matrices, the generalized Copson matrix and the Copson matrix of order n, and their associated sequence spaces generated by these matrices. We also investigate the topological properties, inclusions, and dual spaces of these new Banach spaces as well as compute the norm of Copson operators on the well-known matrix domains such as Hilbert and difference sequence spaces. Moreover, in a reverse manner, we investigate the norm of well-known operators on the Copson matrix domains generated with Copson matrices. Through this study we introduce several new inequalities, inclusions, and factorizations for well-known operators.
Chirped optical soliton perturbation of Fokas–Lenells equation with full nonlinearity
Authors: Al-Ghafri K. S. , Krishnan E. V. , Biswas Anjan
Published: April 2020

The present paper focuses on the chirped soliton solutions of the Fokas–Lenells equation in the presence of perturbation terms. A complex envelope traveling-wave solution is used to reduce the governing equation to an ordinary differential equation (ODE). An auxiliary equation in the form of a first-order nonlinear ODE with six-degree terms is implemented as a solution method. Various types of chirped soliton solutions including bright, dark, kink and singular solitons are extracted. The associated chirp is also determined for each of these optical pulses. Restrictions for the validity of chirped soliton solutions are presented.
Overexpressed immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) 4 in lung adenocarcinoma is correlated with immunosuppressive T cell subset infiltration and poor patient outcomes
Authors: Li Qing , Li Juan , Wang Shuyun , Wang Jingnan , Chen Xiaozheng , Zhou Dongmei , Fang Yuying , Gao Aiqin , Sun Yuping
Published: April 2020

Background

The poor response to current PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in lung cancer patients requires development of novel immunotargets. Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)4 is an immunosuppressive molecule mainly expressed in myeloid innate cells. Recent studies showed that ILT4 was highly expressed in multiple malignant cells and regulated tumor biologies including proliferation, invasion and metastasis. However, the immunomodulatory role of tumor cell-derived ILT4 is unclear. Here we aimed to analyze the correlation of tumor cell ILT4 expression with T cell infiltration and subset distribution, illustrate ILT4-regulated immunosuppressive microenvironment, and raise tumor cell-derived ILT4 as a novel immunotherapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients.

Methods

We collected the tissue samples and corresponding clinicopathological data from 216 primary LUAD patients. Using immunohistochemical staining and public database analyses we investigated the relationship between ILT4 expression and different T cell subset density as well as patient outcomes.

Results

Enriched ILT4 expression in tumor cells of LUAD tissues indicated reduced T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME), advanced diseases and poor patient overall survival (OS). Further T cell subset analyses revealed that ILT4 expression was correlated with decreased CD8+T cell and increased Treg frequency in both cancer nest and stroma, but not with altered CD4+T cell frequency. High ILT4 level combined with low CD8+T cell/high Treg density predicted markedly poorer clinical outcomes compared with any of these biomarkers alone.

Conclusions

Tumor cell-derived ILT4 is correlated with immunosuppressive T cell subset infiltration and poor clinical outcomes, and might be a potential immunotherapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for LUAD patients. Combined ILT4 expression and CD8+ T cell/Treg frequency in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are stronger predictors for patient outcomes.
Innovative methods for the removal, and occasionally care, of pressure sensitive adhesive tapes from contemporary drawings
Authors: Mirabile Antonio , Chelazzi David , Ferrari Pamela , Montis Costanza , Berti Debora , Bonelli Nicole , Giorgi Rodorico , Baglioni Piero
Published: April 2020

Aged pressure sensitive tapes (PSTs) can compromise the integrity and readability of drawings and paper artworks. Typically, PSTs on contemporary artifacts are difficult to remove owing to degradation processes and to the intrinsic sensitiveness of paper, inks and dyes to the solvents and tools used in the traditional conservation practice. Alternatively, we provide here a critical overview and expansion on the use of two recently developed methodologies for the removal of PSTs, based on the confinement of cleaning fluids in retentive gels. Various combinations of PSTs backings and adhesives were addressed on paper mock-ups containing different types of artistic media (inks, dyes), monitoring the ability of a hydrogel and an organogel to gradually exchange, respectively, an oil-in-water microemulsion or diethyl carbonate through the PSTs backings, swelling the adhesive layers and enabling safe PST removal. It was shown that the two methodologies are complementary as they target the removal of tapes with different components. In all cases, selective tape removal was carried out without uncontrolled bleeding of inks or transport of dissolved matter through the paper matrix, thanks to the retentiveness of the gels. The two cleaning systems were then assessed on four completely different artworks on paper, where they proved to be versatile tools to remove aged PSTs, or re-adhere detackified tapes that were part of the original artwork. Overall, the two methodologies complement each other and allowed overcoming the limitations of traditional cleaning approaches.
Fasting insulin level and Homatest IR as predictors of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients
Authors: Fayed Ahmed , Soliman Ahmed , Badr Mohamed , Abdelmoniem Mohamed , Drwesh Hesham , Fakher Mohamed , Soliman Mahmoud Salem
Published: April 2020

Background

Kidney dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality whose prevalence, mainly because of population ageing, is rising worldwide. Also the epidemics of abnormalities clustering with insulin resistance might have played a role in increasing the prevalence of kidney dysfunction. Insulin resistance has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in multiple large community-based cohort studies.

Objective

The aim of the study is to prove that insulin resistance not only may have a role in the development of chronic kidney disease but also may have a role in acute kidney injury.

Methods

This was a case-control study. The cases of the study were taken from the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of the Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, 100 control patients stratified by age and gender and 219 critically ill ICU patients with AKI.

Results

In the current study, we find that there is statistically significant higher fasting insulin levels and higher levels Homa IR in patients with AKI than patients without AKI. These results signify that patients with AKI had insulin resistance. In our study, the Homa IR showed non-significant correlation with APACHE and SOFA score. While fasting insulin level shows significant correlation only with SOFA score after 96 h.

Conclusion

Our present observations indicate that patients with acute kidney injury have statistically significant higher insulin resistance.
Nano ∧β-sets and nano ∧β-continuity
Authors: Hosny M.
Published: April 2020

The concept of nano near open sets was originally proposed by Thivagar and Richard (Int. J. Math. Stat. Inven 1:31-37). The main aspect of this paper is to introduce a new sort of nano near open sets namely, nano ∧β-sets. Fundamental properties of these sets are studied and compared to the previous one. It turns out that every nano β-open set is a nano ∧β-set. So, nano ∧β-sets are an extension of the previous nano near open sets, such as nano regular open, nano α-open, nano semi-open, nano pre-open, nano γ-open, and nano β-open sets. Meanwhile, it is shown that the concepts of nano ∧β-sets and nano δβ-open sets are different and independent. Based on these new sets, nano ∧β-continuous functions are defined and some results involving their characterizations are derived. In addition, the concepts of nano ∨β-closure and nano ∧β-interior are presented. Their properties are used to introduce and study the nano ∧β-continuous functions.
IL-10 Restores MHC Class I Expression and Interferes With Immunity in Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Lu Zhong-Wu , Hu Jia-Qian , Liu Wan-Ling , Wen Duo , Wei Wen-Jun , Wang Yu-Long , Wang Yu , Liao Tian , Ji Qing-Hai
Published: April 2020

The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with concomitant Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is increasing. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a cytokine previously reported to be elevated in this condition. Evidence from multiple human malignancies showed IL-10 participated in tumor immunity and exhibited therapeutic potential. The aim of this study is to investigate whether IL-10 interferes with tumor immunity in PTC with concomitant HT. Expression of IL-10 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ⅰ were compared with PTC tissues with or without concomitant HT. PTC cell lines K1 and TPC-1 were stimulated with IL-10 and analyzed for MHC class Ⅰ expression afterward. T-cell activation, production of IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression were assessed by coculture of donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) with IL-10-pretreated PTC cells. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was measured in PTC tissues and IL-10-pretreated cells of K1 and TPC-1. Increased levels of IL-10 and MHC class Ⅰ were observed in PTC with concomitant HT. IL-10 stimulation increased MHC class Ⅰ expression of PTC cells in vitro. Coculture of PBLs with IL-10-pretreated PTC cells enhanced T-cell activation (% cluster of differentiation [CD]25+ of CD3+T cells) and increased IL-2 production along with decreased IFN-γ secretion and PD-1 expression. Reduced PD-L1 expression was seen in PTC + HT tissue samples and IL-10-stimulated PTC cell lines. Elevated IL-10 expression in PTC with concomitant HT restores MHC class Ⅰ expression and interferes with tumor immunity. The potential mechanism of IL-10 in tumor immunity needs further investigation.
Tetrahymena Poc5 is a transient basal body component that is important for basal body maturation
Authors: Heydeck Westley , Bayless Brian A. , Stemm-Wolf Alexander J. , O'Toole Eileen T. , Fabritius Amy S. , Ozzello Courtney , Nguyen Marina , Winey Mark
Published: April 2020

Basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule-based organelles that act as a template for and stabilize cilia at the cell surface. Centrins ubiquitously associate with BBs and function in BB assembly, maturation and stability. Human POC5 (hPOC5) is a highly conserved centrin-binding protein that binds centrins through Sfi1p-like repeats and is required for building full-length, mature centrioles. Here, we use the BB-rich cytoskeleton of Tetrahymena thermophila to characterize Poc5 BB functions. Tetrahymena Poc5 (TtPoc5) uniquely incorporates into assembling BBs and is then removed from mature BBs prior to ciliogenesis. Complete genomic knockout of TtPOC5 leads to a significantly increased production of BBs, yet a markedly reduced ciliary density, both of which are rescued by reintroduction of TtPoc5. A second Tetrahymena POC5-like gene, SFR1, is similarly implicated in modulating BB production. When TtPOC5 and SFR1 are co-deleted, cell viability is compromised and BB overproduction is exacerbated. Overproduced BBs display defective transition zone formation and a diminished capacity for ciliogenesis. This study uncovers a requirement for Poc5 in building mature BBs, providing a possible functional link between hPOC5 mutations and impaired cilia.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Retrosacral Morel-Lavallée lesion: resolution with ultrasound-guided drainage and sclerotherapy
Authors: Leach Samuel Edward Thomas , Wotherspoon Mark , King Leonard
Published: April 2020

Morel-Lavallée lesions are chronic seromas due to closed degloving injuries, resulting from blunt trauma. They most commonly occur over the greater trochanteric, gluteal and flank regions. We present a case of retrosacral Morel-Lavallée lesion. Initial ultrasound demonstrated a fluid collection lying between the subcutaneous fat and the underlying fascia superficial to the sacrum. Following repeated ultrasound-guided aspirations, further recurrence of a superficial pre-sacral seroma was confirmed with MRI. Ultrasound-guided aspiration was performed and 100 mg of injectable doxycycline was instilled into the lesion. 4 months after sclerotherapy, the patient was asymptomatic, and follow-up MRI demonstrated no residual fluid collection or complication. This case demonstrates the value of using MRI in conjunction with ultrasound to characterize Morel-Lavallée lesions in an atypical site and in confirming response to treatment, in addition to the use of sclerotherapy for treatment of a lesion refractory to repeated aspiration.
Ensemble machine learning modeling for the prediction of artemisinin resistance in malaria
Authors: Ford Colby T. , Janies Daniel
Published: April 2020

Resistance in malaria is a growing concern affecting many areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Since the emergence of artemisinin resistance in the late 2000s in Cambodia, research into the underlying mechanisms has been underway.

The 2019 Malaria Challenge posited the task of developing computational models that address important problems in advancing the fight against malaria. The first goal was to accurately predict artemisinin drug resistance levels of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, as quantified by the IC50. The second goal was to predict the parasite clearance rate of malaria parasite isolates based on in vitro transcriptional profiles.

In this work, we develop machine learning models using novel methods for transforming isolate data and handling the tens of thousands of variables that result from these data transformation exercises. This is demonstrated by using massively parallel processing of the data vectorization for use in scalable machine learning. In addition, we show the utility of ensemble machine learning modeling for highly effective predictions of both goals of this challenge. This is demonstrated by the use of multiple machine learning algorithms combined with various scaling and normalization preprocessing steps. Then, using a voting ensemble, multiple models are combined to generate a final model prediction.
Assessment of the Public Radiation Protection and Economic Activity Safety in the Area of the Developed Uranium Deposit
Authors: Titov A. , Shandala N. , Isaev D. , Semenova M. , Seregin V. , Bel'skih Yu. , Ostapchuk T. , Chernobaev A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To analize radiation situation in the vicinity of mine number one of the Lermontov Production Association “Almaz” in the areas of the public residence and economic activities.

Material and methods: During the study, methods of pedestrian gamma surveys with a portable spectrometric complex MKS-01A “Multirad-M” and short-term measurements of radon equivalent equilibrium concentration with aerosol alpha radiometer RAA-20P2 “Poisk” were used.

Results: Along the main roads used by the population for walks and rest, the values of the gamma ambient dose equivalent rate vary within the range between 0.10 and 0.86 μSv/h. Local areas with excess of the remediation criterion (0.6 μSv / h), established by the Sanitary Rules for elimination, conservation and changing functions of facilities for radioactive ore mining and milling (SP LKP-91), are located on the ascent of Beshtau Mountain from the side of the Town of Pyatigorsk (near tunnels and dumps). Along other routes, the remediation criteria are met. External effective doses to the population in a single passage of the routes vary from 1.0 to 1.6 µSv. The highest contribution to the dose from manmade radiation does not exceed 30 %. The highest external doses (4.3 μSv at the contribution of manmade radiation about 70 %) can be realized when resting near the most contaminated parts of the dumps or tunnel mouths.

The equivalent equilibrium concentrations of radon progenies in air along the routes did not exceed 60 Bq/m3. The effective internal dose due to inhalation intake of radon and its progenies will not exceed 3 μSv when single passing routes.

Conclusions: In the main areas of the residence and economic activity of the population in the vicinity of mine number 1 , the radiation situation at some locations does not comply with the requirements of the SP LKP-9, however, it does not pose a threat to public health.
Development of a Concise Glossary of Nuclear Medicine Terms
Authors: Narkevich B. , Khmelev A. , Krylov V. , Kochetova T.
Published: April 2020

The development of domestic nuclear medicine necessitates the development and systematization of the most frequently used terms with scientifically based interpretation of their respective concepts. It is important to ensure the correct and unambiguous interpretation of the terms not only by professionals in the field of nuclear medicine, but also by specialists in related fields of knowledge. A short glossary of terms in nuclear medicine is presented, which contains all the most frequently used terms in this field and explanations for each of them, adapted for all the above specialists.
Entre prácticas de intervención y proyectos de desarrollo: un acercamiento a los procesos organizativos indígenas en los valles interandinos (Salta, Argentina)
Authors: Milana María Paula , Villagra Emilia
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo indaga sobre procesos organizativos indígenas gestados entre los valles interandinos de la provincia de Salta (departamentos de Santa Victoria, Iruya y parte de Orán). Partiendo de la década de 1980, se propone una lectura de un conjunto de sucesos y experiencias que dan cuenta de cómo, a partir de la puesta en ejercicio de prácticas particulares de gobierno, vinculadas al discurso del desarrollo y los derechos humanos, se articularon un conjunto de actores provenientes de ámbitos heterogéneos —religiosos, estatales, no gubernamentales—, quienes intervinieron de manera singular en el surgimiento de organizaciones indígenas de segundo grado, autoadscriptas al pueblo kolla. El objetivo es identificar algunas condiciones de posibilidad que operaron en la consolidación de estas organizaciones y en sus singulares estrategias de lucha por el territorio, hasta lograr agruparse en una supraorganización de tercer grado en el año 2007.
Green Technology Development and Adoption: Competition, Regulation, and Uncertainty—A Global Game Approach
Authors: Wang Xin , Cho Soo-Haeng , Scheller-Wolf Alan
Published: April 2020

When a government agency considers tightening a standard on a pollutant, the agency often takes into account the proportion of firms that are able to meet the new standard (what we refer to as the industry’s “voluntary adoption level”) because a higher proportion indicates a more feasible standard. We develop a novel model of regulation in which the probability of a stricter standard being enacted increases with an industry’s voluntary adoption level. In addition, in our model, the benefit of a new green technology is both uncertain and correlated across firms, and firms’ decisions exhibit both strategic substitutability (because the marketing benefit of a new green technology decreases as more firms adopt it) and complementarity (because the stricter standard is more likely to be enforced as more firms adopt it). To analyze such strategic interaction among firms’ decisions under correlated and uncertain payoffs, we use the global game framework recently developed in economics. Our analysis shows that regulation that considers an industry’s voluntary adoption level, compared with regulation that ignores it, can more effectively motivate development of a new green technology. Interestingly, uncertainty in the payoff can, in some situations, help promote development of a new green technology. Finally, we find that more aggressive regulation (a higher probability of enforcing a stricter standard for a given voluntary adoption level) encourages more firms to adopt a green technology once the technology becomes available but may discourage a firm from developing it in the first place when facing intense competition. Therefore, for an industry with intense competition, a government agency should exercise caution about being too aggressive with regulation, which could potentially stifle innovation.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Exploring How Silence Communicates
Authors: Bao Dat
Published: April 2020

This article argues that silence as a communication can be academically practised in the classroom as much as talk, simply because talk and silence are both essential components of everyday interaction (Nakane, 2012). These two constructs are interdependent in the sense that one would not exist without the other. Silence can be practised in two different ways: one is to employ it as a mental processing process in learning; two is to observe and discuss how silence is used in communication. The article begins by sharing the literature review on how silence works in education, how t deserves a place in SLS theorisation, and how it constitutes communication competence. Secondly, it highlights classroom tasks that trigger silent processing and explain why this is the case. Thirdly, the discussion recommends an activity which addresses the value of silence, which was developed by the author through research and experience. Finally, there are recommendations for task design in which similar activity types are introduced to assist the learning of reflective students.
Evaluation of excess water tolerant rice varieties Swarna sub-1 and CR-1009 sub -1 under Head to Head Project in East and South- Eastern Coastal Plain zone of Odisha
Authors: Dash S. R. , Routray B.K. , Mohanty S. K. , Behera N.
Published: April 2020

Flash flood or submergence is a common phenomenon in rice growing rainfed lowland areas that seriously affects crop establishment leading to severe yield losses. A few submergence–tolerant rice varieties have been developed by introgression SUB -1 gene into mega rice varieties of South Asia. Performance of this variety can be further enhanced through adoption of appropriate management practices. Farners Participatorty trials were conducted using Swarna- sub-1 and CR 1009 sub-1 during kharif, 2017 in three adopted villages at Erasama, Kujanga and Raghunathapur blocks of Jagatsinghpur district. Results of this experiment revealed that at recommended doses of N:P:K @ 80-40-40 Kgha-1, transplanting of 30 days aged seedlings and additional N-dose of 20kg/ha at 7 days after receding of flood water resulted in better post submergence recovery and maximum yield. Maximum number of tillers m-2 was recorded in CR 1009 sub -1 followed by Pooja and Swana Sub -1. Rice variety Swarna Sub –I rerecorded an yield of 55.23 q ha -1 which was 14.5% higher as compared to farmers variety Swrana 48.2 q ha -1. The Swarna Sub-1 and CR 1009 sub-1 survived in the flood and gave higher yield under submergence condition in the coastal flood prone area
Direito à moradia e o Programa Terra Legal na Amazônia: um estudo sob o enfoque da igualdade de capacidades de Amartya Sen
Authors: Outeiro Gabriel Moraes , Dias Daniella Maria Dos Santos
Published: April 2020

O direito à moradia se revela como uma necessidade primária do ser humano, reconhecida como um direito fundamental, inscrito no art. 6º da Constituição Federal. Trata-se de um direito que compreende diversas dimensões, como a segurança jurídica da posse do imóvel e a existência de um espaço que resguarde a intimidade e possibilite o repouso de seu titular. Acontece que, com a proliferação de assentamentos informais, a regularização fundiária urbana tem se mostrado como uma alternativa para a garantia daquele direito e da promoção da cidadania. Reconhecendo este quadro, o Governo Federal elaborou o Programa Terra Legal de regularização fundiária na Amazônia, posteriormente alterado pela Lei. 13.465/2017. Desta forma, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo geral analisar a estrutura jurídica deste Programa na modalidade urbana. Como referencial teórico adotou-se a concepção de igualdade de capacidades de A. Sen. Utilizou-se de uma abordagem de natureza teórica, apoiada em fontes secundárias, e, como procedimento metodológico, de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e descritiva. Como principal resultado constatou-se que as alterações na estrutura jurídica do Programa Terra Legal, a despeito de terem facilitado a regularização fundiária urbana, podem levar à grilagem de terras e à exclusão socioespacial.
Gentrificação decorrente de políticas públicas de regularização fundiária em Chapecó/SC
Authors: Bissani Karen , Pereira Reginaldo
Published: April 2020

O trabalho analisa como processos de regularização fundiária desenvolvidos pelo Município de Chapecó/SC, aplicados como solução para políticas públicas de habitação de interesse social equivocadas e caracterizadas pelo direcionamento da cidade para a periferia, com a consequente desqualificação dos componentes do espaço urbano, desencadearam um processo de gentrificação. O referencial teórico é construído a partir das medidas políticas de planejamento para o desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades constantes na Nova Agenda Urbana proposta pela Conferência Habitat III, de 2016. O artigo descreve os reflexos aos direitos individuais, coletivos e bens comuns causados por políticas públicas habitacionais ineficientes e quais as medidas foram implementadas pelo poder público municipal visando à correção de tais equívocos, via regularização fundiária urbana. Por fim, o trabalho problematiza o fenômeno da gentrificação como resultado não esperado de ações de requalificação de áreas irregulares. A pesquisa é analítica e o método utilizado é o indutivo. Os dados são levantados pela consulta à bibliografia e a documentos relacionados aos processos de regularização fundiária implementados pela municipalidade em loteamentos públicos de seu domínio.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE PARÂMETROS HIDRÁULICOS PARA DIMENSIONAMENTO DE TECNOLOGIAS EM ESTAÇÕES DE TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTO
Authors: Moraes Daniella De Lima , Santos Ana Silvia Pereira , Bila Daniele Maia , Silva Júnior Luis Carlos Soares , Araujo Bruna Magalhães
Published: April 2020

As tecnologias de tratamento de esgotos, combinadas entre si, devem propiciar o melhor desempenho de uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE), dentro de suas condições operacionais.  Para o dimensionamento hidráulico e sanitário de cada tecnologia, são utilizados diferentes parâmetros e um maior entendimento desses, contribui para implantação de ETEs mais eficientes. Neste sentido o presente trabalho realizou uma análise comparativa entre os parâmetros hidráulico sanitário por meio de rearranjos das equações de dimensionamento do decantador primário, decantador secundário, reator UASB e seu compartimento de decantação, além das lagoas anaeróbia, facultativa e de polimento. Para tanto foram abordados os seguintes parâmetros: Taxa de Aplicação Superficial (TAS), Tempo de Detenção Hidráulica (TDH), Taxa de Aplicação Orgânica (TAO), Carga Orgânica Volumétrica (COV) e Profundidade (H). Por fim foram simuladas diversas condições operacionais, por meio da variação das faixas limite de valores propostos nas diversas bibliografias adotadas. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que algumas condições estabelecidas a partir de valores recomendados na NBR 12.209:2011 e na literatura não são aplicáveis e/ou viáveis de serem implementadas. Em termos de tratamento anaeróbio, o reator UASB se mostrou o mais eficiente, como previsto. Assim como, os resultados encontrados para as lagoas facultativas e de polimento, que confirmam o princípio de tratamento adotado em cada unidade. Quanto aos resultados encontrados a respeito dos decantadores primários e reatores UASB, através dos cálculos teóricos, foi possível observar que existem condições que permitem a adoção de áreas mais reduzidas, quando elevadas as profundidades, mantendo a eficiência do sistema de tratamento.
DIVERGÊNCIAS DAS NORMAS LEGAIS BRASILEIRAS SOBRE INSPEÇÃO AMBIENTAL VEICULAR
Authors: Baptista Ventura Luciana Maria , De Almeida D'agosto Marcio
Published: April 2020

O Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) publicou a Resolução CONAMA nº 18/86 visando o controle da poluição veicular e consequentemente a melhoria da qualidade do ar. Nela estava previsto que órgãos estaduais de meio ambiente (OEMA) implantassem em até 10 anos a inspeção ambiental veicular (IAV). Em 1997, o Código Brasileiro de Trânsito reafirmou a necessidade da IAV no licenciamento anual veicular. Porém, somente o estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) a implantou. Devido esta baixa adesão dos estados, duas outras Resoluções foram publicadas: Resolução CONAMA nº 418/09 e Resolução CONTRAN nº 716/17. A última conferiu ao Departamento Estadual de Trânsito (DETRAN) a operação e gestão da IAV, já a primeira delegou isso ao OEMA. Portanto, há uma divergência nas políticas de controle veicular vigentes. Diante a análise de ambas as legislações, verificou-se que a forma mais adequada de realizar o licenciamento anual veicular é por convênio de cooperação técnica entre OEMA e DETRAN.
ANÁLISE DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE MATERIAL PARTICULADO (MP2,5) NA INSTALAÇÃO E OPERAÇÃO DO CORREDOR VIÁRIO TRANSOLÍMPICA
Authors: Peixoto Diego Rafael Dos Santos , De Souza Simone Lorena Quiterio , Cezario Paulo Sergio De Oliveira
Published: April 2020

O material particulado fino (MP2,5) é um dos principais poluentes que contribuem para a diminuição da qualidade do ar em áreas sob influência de rodovias. Devido ao seu tamanho, o MP2,5 pode penetrar nas camadas mais profundas do sistema respiratório causando problemas de saúde na população exposta ao poluente. Na Transolímpica, um corredor viário do Rio de Janeiro, o monitoramento de MP2,5 foi realizado durante a fase de instalação e operação da via por exigência do órgão ambiental fiscalizador, o Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA). O presente trabalho analisou a concentração de MP2,5, em duas estações de monitoramento da qualidade do ar próximas à Transolímpica, no período de outubro de 2014 a outubro de 2018, contemplando as fases de instalação e operação da via. Foi realizada a comparação da concentração de MP2,5 entre as fases de instalação e operação, com os limites estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA N° 491/2018 e pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Além disso, as variáveis meteorológicas foram correlacionadas com a concentração de MP2,5 obtida no período. Os resultados mostraram que o limite da Resolução CONAMA N° 491/2018 foi extrapolado três dias na fase de instalação e o limite recomendado pela OMS foi violado em 81 dias de amostragem. A comparação entre as fases de instalação e operação da Transolímpica mostrou que durante as obras a concentração de MP2,5 foi cerca de 24 % maior. E todas as variáveis meteorológicas se mostraram fracamente correlacionadas com a concentração de MP2,5.
Editorial
Authors: Lenz Elenice Rachid Da Silva
Published: April 2020

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
Factors driving lungworm spread and the need for ongoing diagnosis and prevention
Authors: Wright Ian
Published: April 2020

National media campaigns in the face of increased geographic distribution has put Angiostrongylus vasorum at the forefront of the minds of both veterinary professionals and dog owners alike. Familiarity with this parasite is essential, given the potential severity of disease in infected dogs and its spread to parts of the country where it has not previously been routinely diagnosed. Veterinary nurses play an important role in educating the public and giving accurate preventative advice based on local geographic and lifestyle risk. It is important therefore that nurses understand factors that drive spread and increase exposure risk in pet dogs. This article considers these factors and prevention of angiostrongylosis.
Colorectal stenting in England: a cross-sectional study of practice
Authors: Lam J , Chauhan V , Lam I , Kannappa L , Salama Y
Published: April 2020

Introduction

UK and European guidelines recommend consideration of a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as an alternative to emergency surgery in left-sided colonic obstruction. However, there is no clear consensus on stenting owing to concern for complications and long-term outcomes. Our study is the first to explore SEMS provision across England.

Methods

All colorectal surgery department leads in England were contacted in 2018 and invited to complete an objective multiple choice questionnaire pertaining to service provision of colorectal stenting (including referrals, time, location and specialty).

Results

Of 182 hospitals contacted, 79 responded (24 teaching hospitals, 55 district general hospitals). All hospitals considered stenting, with 92% performing stenting and the remainder referring. The majority (93%) performed fewer than four stenting procedures per month. Most (96%) stented during normal weekday hours, with only 25% stenting out of hours and 23% at weekends. Compared with district general hospitals, a higher proportion of teaching hospitals stented out of hours and at weekends. Stenting was performed in the radiology department (64%), the endoscopy department (44%) and operating theatres (15%), by surgeons (63%), radiologists (60%) and gastroenterologists (48%). A radiologist was present in 66% of cases. Of 14 hospitals that received referrals, 3 had a protocol, 3 returned patients the same day and 4 returned patients for management in the event of failure.

Conclusions

All responding hospitals in England consider the use of SEMS in colonic obstruction. Nevertheless, there is great variation in stenting practices, and challenges in terms of access and expertise. Centralisation and regional referral networks may help maximise availability and expertise but more work is needed to support this.
When infection isn’t infection
Authors: Franklin S , Sabharwal S , Hettiaratchy S , Reilly P
Published: April 2020

Following open reduction and internal fixation for a proximal humerus fracture a 71-year-old man re-presented with wound changes consistent with infection and elevated inflammatory markers. No significant improvement was seen with concomitant intravenous antibiotics and multiple debridement procedures. This case was further complicated by soft tissue breakdown at the site of a left thigh haematoma also requiring debridement. Surgical site infections represent the most common cause of morbidity postoperatively. This case highlights the importance of considering a number of differential diagnoses. A diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum prompted systemic corticosteroid therapy giving rapid clinical improvement.
Aperiodic differential method associated with FFF: an efficient electromagnetic computational tool for integrated optical waveguides modelization
Authors: Mohamad Habib , Blaize Sylvain , Morand Alain , Benech Pierre
Published: April 2020

A reformulation of the differential theory associated with fast Fourier factorization used for periodic diffractive structures is presented. The incorporation of a complex coordinate transformation in the propagation equations allows the modeling of semi-infinite open problems through an artificially periodized space. Hence, the outgoing wave conditions of an open structure must be satisfied. On the other hand, the excitation technique must be adjusted to adapt with guided structures. These modifications turn the differential theory into an aperiodic tool used with guided optical structure. Our method is verified through numerical results and comparisons with the aperiodic Fourier modal method showing enhanced convergence and accuracy, especially when complex-shaped photonic guided devices are considered.
Photoelectric switch and triple-mode frequency modulator based on dual-PIT in the multilayer patterned graphene metamaterial
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Zhimin , Zhang Zhenbin , Gao Enduo , Zhou Fengqi , Luo Xin , Wang Jiawei , Wang Yuqing
Published: April 2020

A multilayer patterned graphene metamaterial composed of rectangular graphene, square graphene, and X-shaped graphene is proposed to achieve dual plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) at terahertz frequency. The coupled mode theory calculations are highly consistent with the finite-difference time-domain numerical results. Interestingly, a photoelectric switch has been realized, whose extinction ratio and modulation degree of amplitude can be 7.77 dB and 83.3% with the insertion loss of 7.2%. In addition, any dips can be modulated by tuning the Fermi levels of three graphene layers with minor or ignorable changes of the other two dips. The modulation degrees of frequency are 8.0%, 7.4% and 11.7%, respectively, which can be used to design a triple-mode frequency modulator. Moreover, the group index of the multilayer structure can be as high as 150. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that a multifunctional device can be realized by the proposed structure.
Femtosecond laser-ablation of gel and water
Authors: Hernandez-Rueda Javier , Baasanjav Dashdeleg , Mosk Allard P. , van Oosten Dries
Published: April 2020

We study the expansion dynamics of super-heated material during ultra-fast laser ablation of water and gel, using transient-reflectivity microscopy. We find that the expansion dynamics of water and gel, as observed during the first few nanoseconds, are extremely similar over a large range of ablation energies. We measure the crater topography of the gel after irradiation with a single laser shot, using optical interferometric microscopy, and estimate the mass that is ejected during the ablation. We calculate the laser energy deposited during irradiation by simulating the precise spatial distribution of the electron plasma density and temperature. We link the amount of removed mass obtained experimentally with the simulations of the deposited laser energy.
A diabetes não dói, não se sente, mas está cá dentro!
Authors: Mendes Alvaro , Travieso Carmen Elisa , Sousa Liliana
Published: April 2020

Em Portugal mais de um quarto da população entre os 60 e os 79 anos tem diabetes mellitus tipo 2. As recomendações terapêuticas exigem autogestão pelos pacientes, pois envolvem mudanças de estilo de vida. Contudo, apenas cerca de 20% dos pacientes são ótimos autogestores. A autogestão está associada a crenças, sendo as metáforas mecanismos que refletem as crenças usadas pelos indivíduos para compreender e agir. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as metáforas de adultos idosos (≥ 65 anos) diabéticos tipo 2, sobre “o que é a diabetes” (identidade; causa; evolução e consequências), relevante pelas implicações para a prática clínica, pois revela metáforas que poderão influenciar a autogestão. Este estudo qualitativo e exploratório recorre à teoria cognitiva da metáfora, explorando metáforas dos participantes através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Compreende 17 participantes que relataram 84 metáforas. As entrevistas foram submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados indicam: identidade descrita por “doença que não dói, não se sente, mas está cá dentro”; causas envolvem “não sei como se apanha” e “herdei esta doença”; evolução e consequências associam-se a “lentamente vai dando cabo da pessoa”. Estas metáforas sugerem que os adultos idosos diabéticos tipo 2 vivem a doença como algo “misterioso”, o que poderá dificultar o seu envolvimento na autogestão.
Questionário de competências culturais para profissionais de ajuda (QCC-PA)
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana , Matos Marlene
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: adaptar e validar o Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument para avaliar as competências culturais dos profissionais de ajuda. O questionário foi selecionado tendo em conta três critérios, nomeadamente: i) o processo de construção do mesmo, na sua versão original, com base numa revisão aprofundada da literatura e dos instrumentos existentes para avaliar o constructo; ii) os indicadores de ajustamento do modelo da validação do instrumento; iii) a adequabilidade e a possibilidade de adaptação aos contextos que se pretendiam avaliar, particularmente junto de profissionais de ajuda a vítimas.

 Método: a tradução e adaptação do questionário obedeceram às guidelines internacionais neste domínio e a validação foi conduzida com 313 profissionais de ajuda agrupados em três domínios profissionais: área social, área da saúde e área criminal.

Resultados: as análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória permitiram identificar, para esta amostra e com bom ajustamento psicométrico (e.g., alfa .88), a competência cultural aferida através de quatro fatores: consciência cultural, conhecimento cultural, aptidões técnicas e apoio organizacional.

Conclusão: o Questionário de Competências Culturais para Profissionais de Ajuda é uma versão mais pequena da versão original do instrumento, que pode ser utilizada em contextos diferenciados. Este instrumento revela-se, assim, útil na monitorização e supervisão das práticas institucionais no atendimento em contextos de ajuda, ao nível da competência cultural.
Escala das Formas do Autocriticismo e Autotranquilização para Crianças
Authors: Carvalho Célia Barreto , Benevides Joana , Da Motta Carolina , Cabral Joana , Pereira Carolina , Teixeira Marco , Peixoto Ermelindo
Published: April 2020

O autocriticismo pode ser entendido como uma autoavaliação prejudicial que implica sentimentos de inutilidade e culpa quando o sujeito se depara com situações de fracasso. Objetivos: explorar a estrutura latente e qualidades psicométricas da Escala das Formas do Autocriticismo e Autotranquilização (FSCRS-C) da população infantil portuguesa. Método: o FSCRS-C foi administrado a 249 crianças açorianas. Resultados: verifica-se uma estrutura bidimensional que incluiu o autocriticismo e autotranquilização. As subescalas apresentaram uma boa consistência interna. O FSCRS-C apresentou uma boa validade divergente e convergente. Conclusão: a versão adaptada para crianças fornece uma medida robusta a ser utilizada em estudos visando o estudo do desenvolvimento deste construto.
Freeing the Modern Slaves, One Click at a Time: Theorising human trafficking, modern slavery, and technology
Authors: Milivojevic Sanja , Moore Heather , Segrave Marie
Published: April 2020

This paper analyses relations between human trafficking, modern slavery, and information communication technology. It looks at the history of the technology-trafficking nexus and flags some key advances in the counter-trafficking discourse in the last two decades. It provides an overview of how technology has been framed as both a part of the problem and part of the solution in the trafficking/slavery context and emphasises the impact of such developments on a range of actors, in particular, potential victims, NGOs, and the nation state. We suggest that the technology-slavery/trafficking connections, while often elusive, act as potent narrative and policy setters that can advance existing challenges and create new points of tension in the counter-trafficking context. We critically analyse these points of tension and destabilise some of their underpinning assumptions. In the conclusion, we highlight the need for rigorous empirical evidence, arguing that a more robust scholarly engagement with the role of technology in enabling and disrupting exploitation is essential. We also point to the importance of ensuring that technology is not a distraction from addressing the root causes of exploitation and abuse.
Synthesis of Selective Bioactive Pyridylpyridones: in silico Studies and Biological Evaluations
Authors: Ramasamy Suresh , Ponnuchamy Singanan , Ponnusamy Sivakumar
Published: April 2020

Twenty three substituted pyridylpyridones were designed and performed for molecular docking studies against α-amylase enzyme. The top three hit molecules were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-mass and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. Experimental biological applications were studied for these compounds. The DFT calculations were executed for the hit compounds. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential mapping was also executed for additional support.
Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose using Different Water Quality Indices in Parts of Gautam Budh Nagar District, India
Authors: Agarwal Meenu , Singh Meenakshi , Hussain Jakir
Published: April 2020

Water Quality Index (WQI) is a mathematical value for quality of water, which includes the concentration of a number of constituents present in it. Chemical and biological measures of water quality are used to represent water quality index. Measured value of the selected parameters, ideal concentration of that parameter in pure water and standard value given by different quality control organizations are used to determine this number. In the present study, three indexing methods; Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) were used to calculate water quality index of groundwater. A hydrochemical analysis of 22 groundwater samples was conducted to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking purpose. Ten hydrochemical parameters were selected for computing WQIs of groundwater samples and BIS standards were used for standardization. Analytical results show that 100 % of samples have magnesium and total hardness above the acceptable limit of BIS (10500, 2012). The mean concentration of nitrate was found 196.96 ± 9.3.18 mg/L. Spatial distribution of various parameters shows that south-east part of study area has contaminated groundwater. The results of water quality index shows that drinking water quality of 82 % (WAWQI), 95 % (GWQI) and 77 % (CCME WQI) of groundwater samples were poor to unsuitable type. Water quality index map also reveals that groundwater of village Badhpura, Dhoom Manikpur, Dairy Maccha, Khera Dharampura, Bisrakh road, Duryai and Dujana of district Gautam Budh Nagar of India, was not fit for human consumption.
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Screening, ADME and Molecular
Docking Studies of 2-Phenyl Quinoline-4-Carboxamide Derivatives
Authors: Shetty P. Raghurama , Shivaraja G. , Krishnaswamy G. , Pruthviraj K. , Mohan Vivek Chandra , Sreenivasa S.
Published: April 2020

In this work, some 2-phenyl quinoline-4-carboxamide derivatives (5a-j) were synthesized via base
catalyzed Pfitzinger reaction of isatin and acetophenone followed by C-N coupling reaction using
POCl3 and assessed them for their in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The structure of newly
synthesized compound were established by FT-IR, 1H & 13C NMR and Mass spectrometric analysis.
The synthesized carboxamides were subjected to preliminary in vitro antibacterial activity as well as
for antifungal activity. Results of antibacterial activity were compared with standard antibacterial
(ciprofloxocin) and antifungal (fluconozole). Among the tested compounds, 5d, 5f and 5h exhibited
promising activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 10 to 25 mm. Further, the anticancer activity
determined using MTT assay against two cancer cell lines. Compounds 5b, 5d, 5f and 5h showed
good anticancer activity among all the other derivatives. In order to correlate the in vitro results, in
silico ADME and Molecular docking studies were carried out for (5a-j). ADME properties results
showed that all the compounds obey rule of Five rule except 5a, 5e and 5g compound. Molecular
docking studies of the synthesized compounds showed good binding affinity through hydrogen bond
interactions with key residues on active sites as well as neighboring residues within the active site of
chosen target proteins viz. antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. Comparison of both results of in
silico as well as in vitro investigation suggests that the synthesized compounds may act as potential
antimicrobial as well as anticancer agents.