bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Metastases in Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma. A Case Report
Authors: Recchia Francesco , Saggio Gaetano , Amiconi Giovanna , Di Biasio Anna , Cesta Alisia , Candeloro Giampiero , Rea Silvio , Nappi Gianantonio
Published: April 2018

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma metastasizing to the left ventricle is an uncommon form of cardiac malignancy. This report describes a rare case of left ventricular metastases from a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the posterior compartment of the right thigh, recurring five years after treatment with surgery, hyperthermic perfusion of the limb and radiotherapy. As the patient presented symptoms of cardiac tamponade, open heart surgery was performed through a median sternotomy; however, the tumor was not resectable and only a biopsy was performed. A partial response was obtained with standard and high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. The response continued to improve with immunotherapy. The patient returned to normal physical activity. He died four years later due to a ventricular arrhythmia.
Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance: Analysis of Microbiology, Cytological Criteria and Clinical Conduct
Authors: Barcelos Ana Cristina Macêdo , Adad Sheila Jorge , Michelin Márcia Antoniazi , Murta Eddie Fernando Candido
Published: April 2018

Aims

To differentiate between two types of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS): probably neoplastic (PN) or probably reactive (PR), and, in accordance with the recommendations on screening protocols of the Emilia-Romagna Region (PSRER), Italy, to define the best management to follow and the prognosis. Furthermore, the associations between ASCUS and infectious agents and human papillomavirus (HPV) were evaluated.

Methods

Fifty-eight ASCUS smears were reviewed and sorted; if a diagnosis of ASCUS was confirmed, the smear was classified as PR or PN, and the PSRER group was identified. Then, colposcopy was performed with checks for infectious agents (culture evaluation with cytological or clinical criteria) and HPV (hybrid capture).

Results

The ASCUS frequency was 3.96%. Of the 58 cases, 33 (56.9%) were diagnosed as ASCUS on review, of which 15 cases were PN and 18 were PR, while 23 (39.7%) smears were normal and 2 (3.4%) showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). There was a higher frequency of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HPV in ASCUS PR patients compared with normal cytology, and a higher frequency of CIN in ASCUS PN patients compared with normal controls (P <0.05). By grouping ASCUS 1 and 3, we observed a higher frequency of CIN and of high-grade colposcopy findings compared with ASCUS 2 and 4 (P <0.05). From the 23 cases not found to be ASCUS, 18 (87.5%) had normal cytology and colposcopy results on the first follow-up.

Conclusions

Classification of ASCUS as either PN or PR helps in clinical conduct and prognosis, because a higher frequency of CIN is found in ASCUS PN. ASCUS subdivisions, based on PSRER and colposcopy, may facilitate the clinical conduct because ASCUS 1 and 3 with high-grade colposcopic findings proved to be related to the presence of CIN. We propose that initial ASCUS cytology be reviewed, and if it is confirmed, colposcopy should be performed. For those cases found to be normal on review of the cytology results, it is suggested that a cytological check-up be carried out every 6 months.
Iperplasia Collaterale Nella Oncogenesi Sperimentale Del Ratto: 1. - Rilievi in corso di avitaminosi a combinata a depilazione
Authors: Carminati V. , Baglioni T.
Published: April 2018

Two lots, of 20 female rats each, were inoculated with 10 mg of 3,4-benzpyrene and submitted, one month later, to a Vitamin A-deficient diet. One of the lots was then subjected to periodic skin depilation in the site of tumour occurrence as well as in the contralateral side.

In the vitamin-deficient and depilated animals, a considerable hair reduction and hypoplasia was observed in the skin overlying the tumour, whereas such phenomenon appeared to be moderate in the animals only submitted to the Vitamin A-deficient diet. In all animals a hypoplasia of the sebaceous glands was observed, especially above the tumour. An epidermal hyperkeratosis was demonstrated in vitamin-deficient and depilated animals as well as in only vitamin-deficient ones, mainly at the tumour level.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Tyrosine, Tryptophane and Nucleic Acids in the Plasma of Rats Treated with p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Authors: Baglioni Tommaso , Lado Piera
Published: April 2018

Tyrosine, tryptophane and nucleic acids content were determined by U.V. spectrophotometric method in plasma samples taken at the level of the posterior vena cava and of the vena hepatica of normal, control (Cantero diet), treated (Cantero diet + DAB), and hepatoma-bearing rats of both sexes. Modifications of the tyrosine values were observed only in female rats: the amino acid was decreased in the controls and in the treated rats, whereas in hepatoma-bearing rats its values returned to normal. Unrelevant modifications were observed for tryptophane values, which, however, tended to decrease in males and females of the control, treated, and hepatoma-bearing groups. Nucleic acids were diminished in the female and male rats of the control group and increased, particularly in the peripheral plasma, in DAB-treated or hepatoma-bearing animals of both sexes. Previous studies carried out by the authors, under the same experimental conditions, pointed out a divergence between nitrogen content (determination with Kjeldahl's method) and extinction at wave lengths of maximum and minimum absorption, determined with U.V. spectrophotometry in the peripheral and suprahepatic plasma: this observation may be now interpreted on the basis of the above results.
The « Radiation Reaction » in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Cervix. Stage I
Authors: Grattabola Renzo , Luciani Luciano
Published: April 2018

The 3-years survival rate of 73 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Stage I, II and III, treated by radiotherapy only, has been correlated with the « Radiation Reaction » (RR). Twenty-seven (64.2%) of 42 patients RR+, and 9 (29%) of 31 patients RR—, were alive at the end of the third year. The better survival rate in the patients RR+ was similar in all stages. In Stage I, the survival rate was 83.3% in the RR+ cases, and 57.1% in the RR— cases. In a second group of 27 patients in Stage I, in which radiotherapy was followed by Wertheim's radical hysterectomy, the 3-years survival rate was greater in RR— patients (84.6%) than in RR+ patients (64.3%). In a third group of 59 cases, no correlation between RR and lymph node metastases was found. The results suggest that the evaluation of the RR could be helpful in establishing the treatment of the carcinoma of the cervix Stage I. The cases RR+ have better results when treated by radiotherapy only, while the cases RR— are better treated by radiotherapy followed by radical surgery.
Study on the Etio-Pathogenesis of Hepatoma in Hatchery Rainbow Trouts
Authors: Ghittino Pietro , Ceretto Filippo
Published: April 2018

On the basis of the newest literature findings and of the results of observations recently made in Italian trouts hatcheries, the hepatoma occurring in rainbow trouts reared in hatcheries can be considered as a tumor chiefly elicited by alimentary factors; in fact its onset is connected to the use of special diets in the artificial feeding of these fishes. Two are the most commonly accepted nutritional theories: one is based on the probable existence of a carcinogenic substance included in commercial feed; the other postulates a degenerative action of imbalanced diets on hepatocytes, followed by regenerative-hyperplastic phenomena developing in a tumor. The present authors consider the latter theory as more reliable; in fact, following histologically the hepatoma development, a degeneration which is exclusive of rainbow trouts, that is « Liver Lipoid Degeneration », caused by an accumulation of ceroid in hepatocytes and histiocytes, was always observed. This could explain the receptivity of rainbow trouts to hepatoma and the fact that brown trouts and brook trouts reared in hatcheries never develope this tumor.
Pharyngo-Esophago-Laryngectomy Immediately Followed by Pharyngo-Esopha-Goplasty
Authors: Catania Vinicio C. , Lovo Gino Franco
Published: April 2018

Plastic reconstruction after pharyngo-esophago-laryngectomy is a major problem since all the proposed procedures have some negative aspect. Two cases are presented in which the postoperative defect was immediately repaired. The operative upper skin flap was introflected to form the esophageal canal, which was then covered by an acromioclavicular skin flap. Final shaping was completed 2 weeks later. Results were satisfactory.
Histological Study of Malignant Lymphomas Treated with Intralymphatic Injection of Lipiodol F I181
Authors: Chiappa Sergio , Galli Guido , Guarino Michele , Barbaini Severino , Ravasi Gianni
Published: April 2018

The results of histological examination of lymph nodes in 18 cases of lymphosarcoma, reticulum-cell sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease, treated with Lipiodol F I181 through the lymphatic vessels, are reported. The most significant changes induced by this therapy consisted of optically empty cavities of different shape and size; of degenerative changes of the neoplastic cells; of stromal reactions, with hystiocites and giant cells. These changes were of various degrees, according to the type of tumor and the amount of Lipiodol F I181 injected. The authors believe that the histological data presented, together with the clinical and radiological results already published, confirm the effectiveness of the intralymphatic radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant lymphomas.
Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer with 2 α-Methyl-dihydrotestosterone Propionate
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , Salvadori Bruno
Published: April 2018

The activity of 2 α-methyl-dihydrotestosterone propionate, was evaluated on 20 women with advanced breast cancer. The age of the patients ranged from 31 to 74 years; the compound was administered i.m. 100 mg 3 times a week, over a period of time ranging from 2 weeks to 8 months. An objective improvement was obtained in 6 patients; the mean duration of the improvement was of 5.8 months (with a maximum of 8 months). In 9 patients the lesions remained unchanged, while in 5 there was a progression of the disease during the treatment. The neoplastic lesions of breast, skin and lymph nodes appeared to be much more responsive to the treatment than the osseous and visceral lesions. The highest percentage of improvement was obtained in early postmenopausal women. The compound proved to be practically free of virilizing action, one woman only showing a marked virilization. No other notable side effects were observed.
Influence of a Diet Low in Pyridoxine on Tumorigenesis in Rats Ingesting N-2-Fluorenylacetamide
Authors: Morris Harold P. , Sidransky Herschel , Wagner Billie P.
Published: April 2018

Early histological changes in the liver and cancer development in the liver and at other sites have been studied in male and female Buffalo-strain rats ingesting a diet containing N-2-Huorenylacetamide (2-FAA) and a low level of pyridoxine’ H'Cl, A month's delay in the appearance in the liver of mitotic figures in bile-duct cells and in the gradual increase in number of oval or ductal cells in the periportal areas were found in the low-pyridoxine groups when compared to previous studies with diets containing 2-FAA and high in pyridoxine (19).

The overall incidence of liver tumors in male and female rats induced by 2-FAA was not influenced by a low level of dietary pyridoxine, but there was a delayed appearance of tumors. Males fed the low pyridoxine-2-FAA diet developed a higher incidence of liver tumors than did females. The highest incidence of ear duct tumors developed in females. These females had the longest survival. The amount of 2-FAA ingested does not appear to have been a deciding factor in the development of tumors in this experiment.
The Activity of Daunomycin, a New Antitumor Antibiotic, on Normal and Tumor Cells Growing « in vitro »
Authors: Di Marco Aurelio , Soldati Maria , Fioretti Armanda , Dasdia Teresa
Published: April 2018

The activity of Daunomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, has been studied on normal cells (rat fibroblasts and bone marrow of rat and mouse) and tumor cells (HeLa, KB, Helius strains and rat Walker carcinosarcoma) growing «in vitro». Daunomycin at the doses of 1 - 0,1 μg/ml inhibits the cell growth, decreases mitotic index and produces strong chromosomal aberrations. Moreover, resting cells show nuclear and nucleolar alterations. A decrease in nucleolar RNA was observed by cytochemical studies with the methyl-green pironine reaction according to Unna-Pappenheim. The Fast green reaction for histone showed an increased stainability in the cell nucleus. The meaning of the observed findings is discussed.
Nucleic Acids and Phospholipids Content in Subcellular Fractions of a Trans. plantable Sarcoma
Authors: Nanni Giorgio , Baldini Ivo
Published: April 2018

Some biochemical features of the « Galliera » sarcoma were studied. A large amount of water and a small amount of lipids were found; the total nitrogen showed no differences from the value of other tissues. The content in acid soluble phosphorus, phospholipids, desoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid of the whole homogenate, of the nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions and of the soluble phase of the neoplastic tissue was determined. The results showed a large quantity of acid soluble phosphorus to be present in the nuclear fraction and in the soluble phase; a smaller quantity was found in mitochondria and in microsomes. The cellular phospholipids were localized largely in the nuclear fraction, very small quantities being found in mitochondria and in microsomes, and only traces in the soluble phase. A large amount of DNA was found; RNA was present mostly in the nuclear fraction, smaller amounts being detected in the other cellular fractions.
A Study of the Carcinogenic Activity of a Single Injection of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene into Newborn C57BL MICE
Authors: Baroni Carlo , Cefis Francesco
Published: April 2018

Newborn C57BL mice were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 100 μg of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. A high neonatal mortality occurred, reducing to 23 percent the number of animals surviving at weaning time. Tumors were observed in 60.5 percent of the surviving 38 animals: 4 malignant lymphomas, 6 subcutaneous tumors at the site of injection, 5 skin tumors, 7 liver hemangiomas, 2 myocardial hemangiomas, 1 liver hemangiosarcoma, 3 multiple lung adenomas, 1 cholangioma. Among 102 untreated controls, there were 4 malignant lymphomas, 1 multiple lung adenoma, and 1 hepatoma. The average latent period, calculated at time of death, was of 30 weeks for the 4 lymphomas of the DMBA-treated group, and of 93 weeks for the 4 lymphomas occurring in the control group. These results indicate that DMBA given at birth, has a lower carcinogenic activity in C57BL mice than in other strains.
The Action of Daunomycin on the Metabolism of Nucleic Acids of Normal and Neoplastic Cells Growing « in vitro »
Authors: Silvestrini Rosella , Di Marco Aurelio , Di Marco Silvia , Dasdia Teresa
Published: April 2018

The action of Daunomycin, an antibiotic of Rhodomycin group, on the nucleic metabolism was studied in « in vitro » normal and malignant cells. The action of Daunomycin was tested on rat fibroblasts and Hela monolayer. The autoradiographic study was carried out with two specific precursors thymidine 3H and uridine 3H; the metabolic changes produced by this substance were determined on the ground of the percentage of labelled cells and silver grains reduced per element. The results show that Daunomycin produced an inhibition on synthetic processes in Hela cells and in rat fibroblasts, but that the doses that caused an equal reduction of thymidine incorporation was higher for Hela cells than for fibroblasts. In the cultures exposed to Daunomycin for 1 hour and observed 24 and 48 hours afterwards the results suggested an immediate inhibition on thymidine incorporation and a delayed degradation of DNA. As for the RNA fraction, a low inhibition in normal cells and an higher one in malignant cells was observed. The different behavior of the two types of cells strongly suggests that a fraction with an high turnover in the neoplastic cells and a lower on in the normal cells is involved.
The Growth of Spontaneous Mammary Carcinomas of C3H/Mza Female Mice as a Function of the Time of Day and of the Degree of Differentiation
Authors: Llanos Julian M. Echave , Bade Ernesto G.
Published: April 2018

The effect of the time of day and of the degree of differentiation on the mitotic activity of spontaneous mammary carcinomas of C3H/Mza female mice was investigated. The animals were kept in standard conditions and killed either at noon or at 8 p. m.; the mitotic activity (mitoses/1000 nuclei) was determined in differentiated and indifferentiated areas of the mammary carcinomas. The differences found in areas of equivalent differentiation in the two times considered were not significant. The differentiated areas had a lower mitotic activity, more so if the differentiation was both architectural and cytologic. This result may indicate that the two characters of progression investigated, i. e. intrinsic growth rate and differentiated evolution of the tumor cells, are not quite independent.
Cancer Cells in the Blood: Possibility of a Combined Treatment with Nitrogen Mustards, Fibrinolysin and Heparin
Authors: Agostino Domenico , Cliffton Eugene E.
Published: April 2018

1) No cancer cells were detected at any time in the vena cava and aortic blood after the inoculation of nitrogen mustard. However when the mustard was administered in animals treated with fibrinolysin or with heparin cancer cells riappeared in the circulating blood; 2) the number of takes by subcute inoculation of blood of animals inoculated with cancer cells was also reduced with the administration of HN2, heparin or fibrinolysin; 3) following the administration of 100,000 Walker 256 cancer cells pulmonary metastases occurred in 84% of the control groups, in 41% of the nitromin treated group and in 33% of the nitrogen mustard treated group. However when the mustard was administered in animals treated with heparin or fibrinolysin metastases were reduced to 22% and 20% respectively.
Regional Cancer Chemotherapy of Head and Neck Tumors by Continuous Intraarterial Infusion
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , Gennari Leandro
Published: April 2018

The results of treatment through continuous arterial infusion of anticancer drugs in 40 patients with malignant tumors, localized in the vascular area of the external carotid artery, are reported. Most of carcinomas belonged to the oral and pharingeal cavities. The external carotid artery was catheterized directely in 5 cases and indirectely in 28 cases (mostly through the superficial temporal artery); in 6 cases the lingual artery and in 3 cases the facial artery were used. The drugs and total doses employed were as follows: amethopterin (30–150 mg in 10 cases), triethylen-thiophosphoramide (60–300 mg in 9 cases), cyclophosphamide (800–6000 mg in 8 cases), daunomycin (40–280 mg in 8 cases), mitomycin C (20–40 mg in 2 cases), nitrogen mustard (10 mg in 2 cases), busulfan (35 mg in 1 case). The arterial infusion lasted from a minimum of 4 hours to a maximum of 14 days with an average of 6–12 days. In 19 cases (46,5 %) an objective improvement with significant but incomplete regression of the tumor was obtained. The improvement lasted from a minimum of 1 month to a maximum of 8 months. In this study, amethopterin was the most active compound, but only slightly more active than cyclophosphamide and daunomycin. Six patients died because of complications secondary to therapy. The indications and the technique of arterial infusion with anticancer drugs in tumors of the vascular area of the external carotid artery are discussed, as well as the complications related with this type of treatment. The literature about this subject is also reviewed.
Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Giarrusso Annamaria , Guarino Michele
Published: April 2018

A series of 61 cases of papillary carcinoma of the breast are considered. They represent the 0.97 percent of 6300 cases of breast cancer observed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1928 to 1964. The histological sections of all cases were reexamined and classified either as pure papillary carcinoma (31 cases) or as papillary carcinoma associated with other forms of carcinoma (30 cases). All cases, but one, underwent radical mastectomy; the 5-year survival was 63 percent, the 10-year survival 52 percent. Considering the two histological forms separately, the 5-year survival for the pure papillary carcinomas was 76 percent, while the mixed type had a 47 percent 5-year survival; this latter rate does not differ from that observed for breast carcinoma of no special type. It appears that breast carcinoma of pure papillary type has a considerably better prognosis than other types of breast carcinoma.
ABO Blood Groups in Hypophyseal Adenomas
Authors: Iraci Giorgio , Toffolo Gian Guido
Published: April 2018

The statistical significance of variations in Wood group distribution among patients affected by chromophobe pituitary adenoma has been debated in recent reports. One hundred and fifty hypophyseal tumors (117 chromophobe adenomas and 33 adenomas of other histological type), operated for the first time at the Institute of Neurosurgery of the University of Padua, have been collected for such an analysis. No difference of statistical significance was detected by the present survey, although this fact is probably due to the small numbers of patients in each subgroup.
Graft Metastases in the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Sirtori Carlo , Talamazzi Franco
Published: April 2018

The possibility of graft metastases in the uterine cervix is known in the literature. Three further cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma are described, in which the presence of a grafted cervical microadenocarcinoma was ascertained by histological examination of the surgically removed specimen; the tumoral grafts were probably due to the diagnostic curettage which had been performed in all the three patients. This possibility is to be kept in mind when diagnosing carcinomas in situ of the cervix.
Treatment of Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Bono Aldo Vittorio , Zingo Lorenzo
Published: April 2018

A series of 163 cases of cancer if the prostate, observed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan, had an average age of 69.8 years. Stage I included 56 cases (34.4%); stage II 45 cases (27.6%); stage III 62 cases (38%). An analysis of the survival was made according to the different type of therapy adopted. Roentgen therapy did not improve the survival. No difference was observed between the survival of the cases treated with stylbestrol only, with stylbestrol associated with castration, or stylbestrol dipropionate. In the cases in which adrenalectomy was performed, a decrease of urinary 17-ketosteroids was noted, frequently without improvement of the clinical and urological condition. The best results were observed in the group which had castration before estrogen and T.A.C.E. therapy.
Radiological Differential Diagnosis of Pseudoneoplastic Diverticulo-sigmoiditis
Authors: Carnevali Giuseppe , Lattuada Angelo
Published: April 2018

A differential diagnosis between cancer and diverticulitis of sigma is possible on the basis of the radiological findings. The main signs for diverticulitis are: preservation of mucosal folds; presence of considerable local functional disturbances, with no sharp edge of the lesion; fringed and very irregular contours and rapid change of this pattern; remarkable length of the stenotic segment; lack of retrodilatation; presence of diverticula proximal to the narrowed area and even within it; pain on palpation during radioscopical examination.
Role of Age and Other Factors Influencing the Oncogenic Effect of Chemical Carcinogens in Mice
Authors: Chieco-Bianchi Luigi , Fiore-Donati Luciano , Tridente Giuseppe , De Benedictis Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Present experiments have been carried out to elucidate the role of some factors influencing the oncogenic effect of chemical carcinogens in newborn animals. Mice of Swiss, C3Hf/Gs, and C57BL strains were injected at birth, subcutaneously or in the thymus region, with either 20-methylcholanthrene (MC) or 9,10-dymethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA). The most frequent neoplastic lesions observed in the various experimental groups were: pulmonary adenomas, malignant lymphomas, subcutaneous sarcomas, and hepatomas. The incidence of different tumors varied according to the strain characteristics, route of administration and type of carcinogen. Susceptibility to lung carcinogenesis appeared to be highest for Swiss mice, intermediate for C3Hf/Gs and low for C57BL mice, receiving MC or DMBA, in accordance with the known data oh spontaneous incidence of these tumors in the same strains. DMBA was found more effective as leukemogenic agent than MC, when tested in Swiss and C57BL strains. The incidence of malignant lymphomas obtained by direct injection of either carcinogens in the thymic region was much larger than that observed in mice treated subcutaneously with even higher doses of chemicals. Sarcomas occurred exclusively at the site of injection and only in animals receiving carcinogens by subcutaenous route, MC being more effective than DMBA. As regard to development of hepatomas, high incidence of these tumors was observed only in male mice of C3Hf/Gs strain treated with DMBA. On the basis of present results and of those obtained with other chemical agents, the possible mechanisms underlying the higher susceptibility of newborn versus adult animals to chemical as well as viral carcinogenesis are briefly discussed.
A New Type of Virus-Like Particles in Mouse Mammary Tumours
Authors: Casnedi G. , Benedetti E. L. , Boot L. M.
Published: April 2018

Sono stati studiati al microscopio elettronico 34 tumori mammari indotti con impianto ipofisario isologo in topi (O20xIF)F1, (C57BLxCBA)F1 e CBA. In nessun tumore sono state rinvenute particelle « B » o precursori, ma in 7 tumori dei tre ceppi studiati sono state osservate particelle intracitoplasmatiche, esclusivamente all'interno delle cisterne del reticolo endoplasmico ruvido. Queste particelle di 70–80 mμ non mostrano un nucleoide denso ed hanno una struttura anulare in cui si possono talvolta notare tre strati opachi. Esse sono simili a quelle osservate in altri tumori non mammari del topo e, sporadicamente, nel tessuto mammario dei topi BALB/c.
First Results of Intralymphatic Radiotherapy in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , Uslenghi Carlo
Published: April 2018

The diagnostic findings and the therapeutical results obtained with the introduction of Lipiodol F131I into the lymphatic vessels of the dorsum of the foot in 36 patients affected by Hodgkin's disease, with involvement of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, are presented. This method, called « intralymphatic radiotherapy », is both diagnostic and therapeutic, because the contrast medium opacifies the lymph nodes causing simultaneous irradiation. A considerable size reduction of the involved lymph nodes was observed. The maximum effect was obtained 1 or 2 months after the treatment and was directly proportional to the radioactivity of the introduced medium and to the degree of opacification of the lymph nodes and inversely proportional to their volume. At the same time a remarkable and generally early remission of the general symptomatology was obtained. The improvement lasted an average of eight months.
Determination of the Distribution of P33 and Cr51 Microspheres by External « Bremsstrahlung » Measurement.
Authors: Fava Giannino , Roncoroni Luigi , Sosi Saudo
Published: April 2018

Endoarterious treatment with microspheres of P32 and Cr51 cathionic resin in colloidal solution has been used by Dogliotti and his collaborators with the purpose of distributing them in the capillary arterious network of tumors and surrounding tissues. In order to study the density of distribution yielded by microspheres in the patient's body, it is suggested the use of an adequately collimated scintillating counter, utilisizing the intense Bremsstrahlung of P32 (therapeutic dose) and the gamma radiation of Cr51 (tracing dose). Different techniques, according to the extension of the radioactive distribution (as well as of the diffusing medium surrounding it) were used. The volume of the distribution has been obtained thanks to relieves on maps, realized by means of a scanner Nukab endowed with magnetic memory, the microspheres being radio-transparent. The paper shows that the introduction of radioactive microspheres, according to Dogliotti's technique, allows a rapid localization as well as a high concentration of a radionuclide into organs or into parts of organs with malignant tumors.
Electron Microscopic Study of the Graffi Virus in Bone Marrow of Leukemic Mice.
Authors: Pennelli Natale , Fiore-Donati Luciano , Chieco-Bianchi Luigi , Tridente Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

Bone marrow from C57BL mice with myeloid leukemia induced by Graffi virus has been studied with the electron microscope by ultrathin section and negative stain techniques. Virus particles were usually found in different types of bone marrow cells as well as in extracellular spaces. However, the highest number of particles in various stages of maturation was observed in the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes. Two main types of virus particle were found: the immature Al particle and the mature C particle. They were morphologically indistinguishable from other murine leukemogenic viruses. In partially purified preparations studied by negative staining, some of the particles which were not penetrated by PTA, frequently showed a tail-like structure of variable length. In ultrathin sections, particles were found to originate by budding from the cell membranes. Budding of particles was particularly evident in megakaryocytes and especially within the granules and cytoplasmic vesicles or in connection with the platelet demarcating membranes. The findings of a high number of virus particles in all stages of maturation in megakaryocytes together with a certain degree of megakaryocytosis observed in the bone marrow suggest that this type of cell is possibly one of the main source of production of the virus. A few particles resembling morphologically mycoplasma were detected within the cytoplasm of some immature bone marrow cells.
Primary Hodgkin's Disease of the Thyroid
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Cascinelli Natale , Preda Ferdinando
Published: April 2018

A case of primary Hodgkin's disease of the thyroid gland in a woman 25 years old is described. The patient died 5 years later for generalization of the disease. Moreover in the last year she developed a reticulum cell sarcoma of the breast. In the rare cases of Hodgkin's disease of the thyroid a total thyroidectomy with postoperative radiation therapy of the contiguous regions with doses not less than 3000 r should be indicated.
Solitary Plasmocytoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Cascinelli Natale , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

A case of a man 53 years old with a solitary plasmocytoma of the thyroid is described. The nodule was 5 x 7 cm in size, and did not show uptake of I131. No sistemic clinical and laboratory signes were present. The patient was treated with total thyroidectomy and postoperative telecobaltotherapy. The case is the seven described in the medical literature.
A Case of Laterocervical Ectopic Thyroid
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Cascinelli Natale , Damascelli Bruno
Published: April 2018

A case of a woman 31 years old, with ectopic thyroid tissue located in the lateral side of the neck is reported. The thyroid tissue, 2 x 3 cm in size, was 8 cm far from the thyroid border, was devoid of lymphatic tissue, and did not show radioiodine uptake. The metastatic character of the tissue was excluded. In this case, the ectopic laterocervical thyroid tissue was considered to originate as a peduncolate mass which was detached from the thyroid.
On the Oxidative Metabolism of the Rat Skin during Carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
Authors: Di Bella Salvatore , Pinchierri Umberto , Richetta Gabriella
Published: April 2018

The oxidation rate of citrate, d,1-isocitrate, glucose-6-phosphate and phosphogluconate proceeded two fold more rapidly in slices of rat skin with tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene than in normal skin. Citrate oxidation was stimulated by addition either of Fe++ or of cysteine, which, when both present in the system, are able to avoid the aconitase inactivation in the tissue. Mn++, NADP, FMN and cytocrome c may activate the oxygen uptake both in normal and pathological tissues, using as substrates respectively citrate, d,1-isocitrate, glucose-6-phosphate or phosphogluconate. The isocitric-dehydrogenase activity of the extracts of tumor induced rat skin resulted lower than that observed in normal rat skin; glucose-6-phosphate and respectively phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase enzymatic levels were two fold higher in the neoplastic than in the normal skin rat extracts. The results presented show an increase of the oxidative carbohydrate metabolism and pentosephosphate shunt, during carcinogenesis in the rat skin.
Growth of Epidermal Tumors in Mice Painted with Methylcholanthrene and Injected with Homologous Skin Suspensions
Authors: Corsi Andrea , d'Ancona Silvia , Revoltella Roberto
Published: April 2018

Injections of homologous skin suspensions in Freund's adjuvant appreciably increased the carcinogenic effect of methylcholanthrene. Four months after the first painting with methylcholanthrene, cancer was present in 11 of 16 mice injected with skin suspension, whereas only 4 of the 18 non injected mice had cancer. Serological tests demonstrated the presence of antiskin antibodies in the injected animals. The results seem to indicate that immunological mechanisms may be involved in skin carcinogenesis.
Histology as a Prognostic Factor in 100 Cases of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , Pizzetti Federico
Published: April 2018

The paper deals with 100 cases of Hodgkin's disease, treated at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1949 to 1958, all submitted to clinical follow-up until the end of November 1966 or death. Histologically, the 100 cases were grouped as follows: 14 paragranulomas, 15 nodular scleroses, 49 polymorphous granulomas and 22 Hodgkin's sarcomas. Paragranulomas showed the best average median and 10-year survivals, nodular sclerosis the best 5-year survivals; Hodgkin's sarcomas showed the worst clinical evolution, without 10-year survivals. The behaviour of the disease was found to be more unfavourable in the third and fourth decades of life, more favourable in the fifth decade. In men the evolution was slower, after an initial unfavourable course; no 10-year survival was observed in women. Nodular sclerosis prevailed in early diagnosed patients, paragranuloma and Hodgkin's sarcoma in late diagnosed cases. Eighty-eight of the 100 patients were at III and IV clinical stage at admission, only 12 at I or II stage. Nearly all cases of nodular sclerosis concerned patients at the III stage, with mediastinal involvement; Hodgkin's sarcoma was more frequent in patients at the IV stage. Five-year survival at the IV stage was observed only in patients with paragranuloma or nodular sclerosis; these two histological types prevailed also in patients without general symptoms. Polymorphous granuloma and Hodgkin's sarcoma were more frequent in patients with general symptoms.
Anti-Tumor Activity of L-Erythro-α,β-dihydroxybutyraldehyde
Authors: Ciaranfi Enrico , Perin Antonio , Arnaboldi Alba
Published: April 2018

L-Erythro -α,β-dihydroxybutyraldehyde has been shown to inhibit the incorporation of labelled leucine into protein of normal and neoplastic tissues, at a concentration which did not appreciably affect respiration and glycolysis. The present paper deals with the carcinostatic and carcinolytic activity of this drug against various tumors of mice and rats. The toxicity of L-erythro-α,β-dihydroxybutiraldehyde has been ascertained in mice and rats. Acute DL 50 values of the drug were 2.14 g/kg in mice and 1.62 g/kg in rat. Daily intraperitoneal injections of 500 mg/kg of L-erythro-α,β-dihydroxybutyraldehyde for seven days did not produce loss of weight or morphological lesions in control rats. The intraperitoneal administration of the drug in a dose of 250 mg/kg every 24 hours for seven days in Yoshida ascites hepatoma and in Walker ascites tumor-bearing rats (starting 24 hours after tumor transplantation) produced a complete disappearance of tumors. A daily dose of 500 to 750 mg/kg given intraperitoneally for seven days had a significant inhibitory effect on solid Ehrlich carcinoma and solid sarcoma 180 and increased significantly the average survival time of the animals bearing the same tumors in ascitic form. The drug was not effective on Oberling-Guérin solid or ascites myeloma. The results are briefly discussed.
Urinary 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids in Breast Cancer Patients considered in Relation to the Menstrual Cycle: Ovulatory and non ovulatory
Authors: Grattarola Renzo
Published: April 2018

The urinary levels of 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids (dehydroepiandrosterone, etiocholanolone and androsterone) of 32 patients with breast cancer, at premenopausal age (between 30 and 47 years of age) were determined in the premenstrual period (72–48 hours before menstrual bleeding) and an endometrial specimen, obtained 48–24 hours before the menstrual period was examined histologically. The urinary levels of 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids together with the premenstrual specimen of 22 women at premenopausal age without breast cancer, who were in the same age range (between 31 and 49 years) as the women with breast cancer, were examined and considered as control values. The average value (3.77 ± 0.44 mg/24 hrs.) of the sum of urinary 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids in control subjects without ovulatory cycle (proliferative premenstrual endometrium) was found to be higher than the average value (2.23 ±0.14 mg/24 hrs.) of the sum of 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids of control subjects with ovulatory cycle (progestational premenstrual endometrium) and this difference was found to be highly significant (P < 0.01). The average value (4.76 ± 0.29 mg/24 hrs.) of the sum of urinary 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids in breast cancer patients without ovulatory cycle (proliferative premenstrual endometrium) was found to be higher than the average value of the sum of urinary 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids (3.05 ± 0.27 mg/24 hrs.) in patients with breast cancer having ovulatory cycle (progestational premenstrual endometrium) and this difference was found highly significant (P < 0.001). The levels of 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids in the group of breast cancer patients without ovulation were the highest of all groups considered in the present study and the difference between this average value and that found in the control subjects without ovulatory cycle was also significant (P < 0.05).
Experimental Evidence in Support of the Dormant Cancer Cell
Authors: Agostino Domenico
Published: April 2018

Cancer cells were identified circulating in the vena cava and aortic blood of animals bearing a cecal tumor. Tumor takes were obtained in only 2% of the animals inoculated subcutaneously with 2000 cancer cells. If however they were subjected to repeated laparotomies and massage of the tumor area the takes were increased to 48% of the animals. These studies demonstrate that stress applied by many means can reduce the host resistence to an extent that the dormant cell could riactivate and reproduce the tumor.
The Effects of Multiple and Single Administration of Dimethylnitrosamine to Hamsters
Authors: Tomatis Lorenzo , Cefis Francesco
Published: April 2018

A single treatment with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats has been reported to induce kidney tumors, in some cases ethmoidal tumors and very few or no liver tumors. The administration of one or three doses of DMN to hamsters results in the induction of liver cell carcinomas and of a few cholangiomatous lesions, and no kidney tumors. Dose and time of administration of DMN play probably a major role in the different carcinogenic responses to DMN observed in rats and hamsters.
Clinical and Immunological Study in Disproliferative Disorders of Plasmacells
Authors: Caprio Guido , Casellato Maria Maddalena , Sciancalepore Giovanna , Lugaro Giuseppe , Calendi Emidio , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

Immunological investigations in 4 multiple myelomas with bone lesions, in 1 extraosseus myeloma, and in 1 reticulum-cell sarcoma with areas of plasma cellular transformation are described. Serum proteins were studied with immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and sedimentation constant. All identified serum paraproteins in the myeloma patients appeared to be of the IgG type, but with different electrophoretic mobility. Three cases were classified as «slow», one as «fast» and one as «intermediate» type. In the patient with reticulum-cell sarcoma alterations of the antigenic properties of the IgG immunoglobulins were present and they were compatible with the presence of a paraprotein. The immunoelectrophoretic pattern as well as the quantitative determination with immunoplates of the immunoglobulins yielded results almost directly proportional to the percentage of plasmacells detected through bone marrow aspiration and to the extent of the disease.
Continuous Arterial Infusion of 5-Fluorouracile in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Salvadori Bruno , Gennari Leandro , Di Pietro Sergio , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

Fifteen women with advanced breast cancer underwent chemotherapeutical treatment with continuous arterial infusion of 5-Fluorouracile. The age of the patients ranged from 36 to 68 years; the patient of 36 had been previously ovariectomized. For cancer of internal or central quadrants of the breast, internal mammary artery was incannulated, while for those of the external ones, the tip of the catheter was led into subclavian artery through an arterotomy of brachial artery. In the cases in which the tumor was extended to the whole breast two vessels were incannulated, namely internal mammary and brachial artery. The drug was administered in a dose of 1 g a day, for a period of time ranging from 2 to 8 days, in 1000 ml of dextrose solution. The results of the treatment are the following: regression of more than 50% in 4 cases; regression of less than 50% in 5 cases; in 5 cases poor or no result was obtained. One woman died after one day of treatment from coma cerebralis. In 7 cases complications were observed, mainly spasm and thrombosis of the arteries and flittenular dermatitis; in 2 cases a decrease of WBC down to 3000/cmm was observed. In our experience, this method of chemotherapy seems to be indicated in a limited number of cases in which the tumor, though locally advanced, is still contained within the limits of the anatomic region. It is also indicated in case of local recurrences of tumors previously operated and expecially in carcinomatous mastitis.
Methylated Bases in t-RNAs of Brain Tumors.
Authors: Viale Giuseppe L. , Restelli Angela Fondelli , Viale Elke
Published: April 2018

In unfractioned t-RNAs, prepared from cerebral tumors, the methylated bases were found in a high amount. The increase of them is proportional to the atypia degree, but it is not related to the tumoral growth rate. The results are discussed, in relation to the carcinogenetic hypothesis of the overmethylation.
Importance of the Long-term Preoperative Tracheostomy as a Factor Determining the Occurrence of Tumor Recurrences on the Tracheostoma in Patients Laryngectomised for Carcinoma.
Authors: Molinari Roberto , Rucco Benito
Published: April 2018

In previous investigations the authors have reported a high incidence of recurrences at the level of tracheostoma in patients subjected to total laryngectomy for carcinoma, when the tracheostomy tube was left in place for a long period of time. The present report deals with a large number of cases collected from the National Cancer Institute of Milan and from the Otolaryngology Clinic, University of Milan. A total of 1842 total laryngectomies has been evaluated: stomal recurrences were observed in 63 cases (3.42%). In particular, 18 recurrences occurred among 1578 patients who did not undergo preoperative tracheostomy (1.14 %) and 45 recurrences among 205 patients after long-term use of a tracheostomy tube (21.9%). The lower was the endolaryngeal level of primary carcinoma, the higher was the incidence of recurrence. The length of interval between tracheostomy and laryngectomy influences proportionally the frequency of recurrences (from 16 % for an interval of 10–20 days, to 32 % for an interval higher than 50 days). Although a preoperative thacheostomy may slightly reduce the incidence of mortality due to pulmonary complications, the use of long-term tracheostomy tube is not advisable since it can increase the mortality for recurrent carcinoma of at least 20%.
Evaluation of the Carcinogenicity of the Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Used as Pesticides.
Authors: Terracini Benedetto
Published: April 2018

The relevant information concerning the long-term experiments with the most commonly used chlorinated hydrocarbons are reviewed and tabulated. Some experiments with DDT, aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor gave evidence of a weak carcinogenicity for laboratory animals; the results however have not been unequivocally confirmed. The following possibilities are discussed: 1) that the tumors produced in some experiments are related to a real carcinogenicity of the chemicals under investigation, 2) that they belong to the group of the « spontaneous » tumors, 3) that they are the result of a synergistic action of the pesticide and other factors. None of these suggestions can give a comprehensive interpretation of all the experimental results. It is emphasized that a dose-response relationship has not been demonstrated in any of the experiments under review and that, particularly for DDT, the purity of the chemical was reported only in a few instances. Carbon tetrachloride produced hepatomas in mice and hamsters; however, its use in agriculture does not appear to create a major carcinogenic hazard for men.
Malignant Granular Cell Myoblastoma.
Authors: Salvatori Bruno , Talamazzi Franco
Published: April 2018

A case of malignant myoblastoma is reported: this tumor, the precise nature of which is still uncertain, is rarely observed. The case of our patient, a woman of 51, seems to have all the necessary qualifications for classification as a malignant myoblastoma, whose peculiarities are regular and constant granularity of the cells and nuclear alterations (hyperchromatism, monstrosities). The authors agree with Mackenzie and Gamboa, who state that the number of true malignant myoblastomas is smaller than would appear from the literature, as tumors that are really soft tissue alveolar sarcomas and sarcomas are not acceptable. From the clinical point of view the authors draw attention to the fact that the site of malignant myoblastomas is quite different from that of the benign form, which usually affects the tongue or head. Moreover, the frequent involvement of lymph-nodes in the cases quoted in the literature suggests a clinical behavior which is not common for sarcomatous tumors.