bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification and management of hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Baik Maryam Abdullah , Al Nihab Ali Naji , Al Aman Abdulmanem Mohammed , Ghareeb Ameen Ridha Al , Alaish Mohammed Hashim , Awani Ashraf Hassan Al , Al-Jadher Ahmed Mansour , Al Muaddi Faisal Mohammed , Hussain Al-Shehab Ali , Tufaif Tayseer Ali Al , Alsheef Hussain Ahmad
Published: November 2022

An inappropriate or excessive immune response to an antigen that has unfavourable effects is referred as a hypersensitivity reaction. People who have experienced at least one prior exposure to the antigen are more likely to have the symptoms. Nearly 60 years ago, Gell and Coombs first classified hypersensitivity reactions into four broad categories. Many forms of hypersensitivity reactions frequently occur at the same time, especially in allergic disorders. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the classification and management of hypersensitivity reactions. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, which is associated with the high-affinity receptors of basophils and mast cells mediates type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. These receptors are cross-linked by allergens, which release mediators that elicit urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis. Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M attach to self-antigens on cell surfaces in type II reactions, which can lead to phagocytosis, and cytotoxicity that is complement-directed and antibody-dependent all of which can lead to tissue damage. Immune complexes of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M with antigens, which deposit in tissues and directly harm organs, mediate type III reactions. T cells mediate type IV reactions which are delayed responses. In every case of allergic hypersensitivity, the trigger must be stopped right away. Antihistamines, glucocorticoids, and epinephrine are used to treat acute responses Some potential management techniques include drug allergy testing, graded challenges, desensitization, and/or choosing an alternative, non-cross-reactive substance. Further clinical research is however needed for the elaborated study of hypersensitive reactions and development of preventive strategies.
Seasonality of fruit production of Euterpe oleracea and E. precatoria açaí palm trees cultivated in the metropolitan region of Manaus (AM)
Authors: Lopes Ricardo , Da Cunha Raimundo Nonato Vieira , Tavares Marleson dos Santos , Raizer Marcelo Domingues Martins , Dos Santos Cibelle Azamora , Da Silva Eduardo José Dias , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes
Published: November 2022

The off-season period for açaí palm production cause social and economic problems that affect producers and consumers. Two species are used for açaí pulp production, Euterpe oleracea and E. precatoria. These species have some distinct characteristics, including the harvest period. The cultivation of açaí palm is expanding in the metropolitan region of Manaus, state of Amazonas, AM, and there are no studies on the harvest period of these species under cultivated conditions in this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive phenophases of the açaí palm E. oleracea and E. precatoria grown in the metropolitan region of Manaus, state of Amazonas and to check the harvest period of these species in this region. The reproductive phenophases were evaluated during 24 consecutive months in 20 plants of each species. E. oleracea emitted a greater number of inflorescences from January to July (76%), during the rainy season, and presented a greater number of mature bunches (56%) from October to December, at the end of the dry season. E. precatoria emitted the highest number of inflorescences (70%) from July to November, during the dry season, and the highest proportion of mature bunches (49%) was observed between May and July, at the end of the rainy season. The species presented different harvest periods, so the cultivation of both can contribute to reducing the off-season period of açaí fruit production in the metropolitan region of Manaus, AM.
Environments and substrates for “pimenta-de-cheiro” (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) seedling production in the Amazon savana
Authors: Lopes Monteiro Neto João Luiz , De Anchieta Alves de Albuquerque José , Tiago de Oliveira Anderson , Tadashi Sakazaki Roberto , Edgley Soares da Silva  , Ignácio Lund Gabriel da Silva Carmo  , Sonicley da Silva Maia  , Luiz Guilherme Carvalho Sborowski  , Breno Jorge Zeferino Monteiro  , Jorge Zamir Erazo Amaya
Published: November 2022

Quality seedlings production is one of the most important steps in the cultivation of vegetable species. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the influence of different environments and substrates on the production of “pimenta-de-cheiro” (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) seedlings in Boa Vista, Roraima. An experiment was installed in a completely randomized design (CRD), with treatmentsarranged in subdivided plots. Five environments were evaluated: AG - agricultural greenhouse; TV35 - red shading net with 35% shading (red ChromatiNet®); TV50 - red shading net with 50% shading (red ChromatiNet®); TP35 - silver shading net with 35% shading (ChromatiNet® silver) and TP50 - silver shading net with 50% shading (ChromatiNet® silver) and four substrates: O -OrganoAmazon®; OP - OrganoAmazon® and PuroHumus®; OPSE (OrganoAmazon®, PuroHumus®, soil and manure) and OPSEC (OrganoAmazon®, PuroHumus®, soil, manure and carbonized rice husk). On the TP35 and TP50 shading nets, the C. Chinense grown on the OP substrate showed high Dickson’s quality index (DQI). The combination agricultural greenhouse (EA) and OPSE substrate promoted superior quality Capsicum chinense seedlings. The substrates OPSEC and OPSE are more affordable alternatives for the production of Capsicum chinense seedlings. Shading nets, associated with the alternative substrates, do not favor the production of quality Capsicum chinense seedlings under Amazon savanna conditions.
Digital literacy, a necessary skill for training language teachers in Albania
Authors: Toro Elona , Kisi Anida
Published: November 2022

The use of digital tools and content is becoming one of the skills that the teacher must possess continuously while practicing his profession. Efficient integration of ICT in teaching requires, on the one hand, a good level of digitalization of services and infrastructure and, on the other hand, skilled teachers for their use. In this article, we aim to analyze the need for French language teachers to be trained in the field of ICT. The methodology of our work is descriptive and analytical. We will first describe the digital skills that a teacher should have in general and that of a foreign language in particular, based on the ICT skills reference frameworks developed by UNESCO and the European Commission. Furthermore, we will address the level of digitalization in the Albanian school system based on European standards and official data of the Albanian state. Finally, we will review and analyze the results of a questionnaire on the digital knowledge and skills of French language teachers. This will be useful to know the experiences and perceptions objectively, as well as to highlight the needs of teachers for continuing education in the field of ICT.
The professional skills of future language teachers: the case of Slovenian students
Authors: Lah Meta
Published: November 2022

Since the introduction of the Bologna process in higher education, future Slovenian teachers of French as a foreign language have been trained at the master's level after completing language, literature, and civilization courses at the bachelor's level. The pedagogical program consists mainly of psychological and pedagogical subjects, and there is little room for language classes. The situation is apparently similar in other countries, for example, in Romania: "As the study program is too full, there is little room left to our students for individual research, for reflection on grammar problems" (Manolache, 2013: 58). The French language will, however, constitute the discipline of the future teachers that we train and "mastering the discipline and having a good general culture" (Rey, 2012: 86) is one of the professional skills cited in the official programs. Every language teacher should first be a good philologist. We wonder if, for future teachers, three years of BA studies are enough to learn the language to be able to transmit it afterward to their future learners. The students - future teachers - find themselves in a transitional stage between learners and teachers. They are looking for professional autonomy, which is difficult, especially if they have doubts about their language proficiency. In this article, we propose to present the training of French as a foreign language in Slovenia and to expose points that seem problematic, among others, the language skills of future teachers. After analyzing the students' lesson planning prepared for the final course in high school, which also serves as an exam, we find that, even though these documents are written in schematic form, they are not without errors, sometimes quite basic. One of the solutions would be to introduce more language courses at the bachelor's level and especially at the master's level. This is also what the students propose in their evaluations.
Dominant forms of neologisms in linguistics: functional and pragmatic analysis
Authors: Sultanbekova Sagima , Anafinova Magdina , Seidikenova Almash , Bizhkenova Aigul , Tleshova Zhibek
Published: November 2022

Linguistics, at different times of its existence, has constantly raised the question of how and by what means a person designates the world around him, which, being, in essence, a dynamic and developing substance, always brings new phenomena that require designation by new words. However, the language already has a certain lexical system which imposes restrictions on the creative process of creating new words. As an object of study, we have selected the neologisms of the English and French languages, with a temporal arc from the beginning of the year 2010 to the present day. The objective of this research is to analyze the pragmatics of the functioning of neologisms in fiction and newspaper texts by comparing two distantly related languages: English and French. During the study, to achieve this objective, the following tasks were carried out: - determine the main groups of neologisms noted in the original literary texts and translated into French and English; - discover the purpose of the use of neologisms of various groups in original literary texts in comparative languages from the point of view of pragmalinguistics; - identify the role of the translator in the pragmatic chain of recipient-recipient when using various types of neoplasms to create stylistic effects in literary texts in French and English; - establish points of similarity and differences in the pragmatics of the functioning of the new vocabulary in the original texts of the French and English newspapers. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the systematization of theoretical approaches to the main provisions of neology and neography on the problems of the functioning of neologisms in the text and the discovery of similarities and differences in the use of new words in texts of different functional styles on the example of the comparison of two languages of different families (English and French) from the point of view of pragmalinguistics. The theoretical significance lies in the further development of a pragmalinguistic approach to the study of the lexical composition of a language in a comparative aspect using elements of functional analysis. At the same time, the reasons for the appearance of various types of neoplasms in the text are theoretically justified. The practical value of this work lies in the possibility of applying the results of the study at conferences on comparative linguistics, comparative lexicology of the French and English languages, the style of the French language, the style of the English language as well as in translation theory and translation practice courses at university.
About lexical-semantic aspects
Authors: Abdiyeva Gulnara , Maimakova Almagul , Yerzhanova Feruza , Tsoy Alla , Togzhanova Lyaila
Published: November 2022

The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to deepen and describe the functioning of the inhomogeneous French language in the French-speaking cantons of Switzerland using specific lexical material. The analysis of intra and extralinguistic influences and their reflection in the Franco-Swiss literary version of the language is important for contact linguistics, and its relevance is due to the lack of depth of analysis of this issue. The analyst is particularly interested in the fact that in Switzerland, the French language exists within the legal framework of official multilingualism, in active interaction with three other equal national languages of the Confederation: German, Italian and Romansh. At the same time, the deviations of the French-Swiss national variant from the general French linguistic norm manifest themselves mainly at the lexical and semantic level. The object of the study is the French language in the Swiss Confederation, its lexical, semantic and stylistic characteristics.
Linguistic analysis of phraseological units with a numerological component
Authors: Nussupbekova Aizhan , Mussatayeva Manatkul , Dyussenova Dinara , Yessenova Pernekul , Zhumagulova Bakitgul
Published: November 2022

This article is devoted to the identification of typologically common and different characteristics of the semantics of numbers in the phraseological units of languages, in terms of cultural and typological characteristics of the concept of number reflected in them. The study of numbers, from the point of view of thinking about the ethnocultural and mental characteristics of the concept of number, is carried out not only by linguists, but also by psychologists, ethnologists, culturologists, historians, mathematicians and researchers in the philosophy of mathematics. Numbers have additional symbolic meanings in the cultural system of symbols and are therefore polyfunctional semiotic signs. This work is dedicated to taking into account the numerological components specific to the phraseological units of the French language. The comparative analysis of French phraseological units with a numerological component from zero to nine, the results of which are presented in the article, makes it possible to judge similarities and differences in the cultural connotation of numbers. Phraseologisms, reflecting in their semantics the long process of development of the culture of people, fix and transmit cultural attitudes and stereotypes, norms and archetypes, from generation to generation. Therefore, the study of phraseological units with numbers turns out to be the most indicative in terms of identifying the cultural and typological characteristics of the concept of number reflected in them.
The North African print media: from reported discourse to subjective discourse
Authors: Bentounsi Ikram Aya , Hechiche Mohamed Ramzi
Published: November 2022

Recourse to the discourse of the other is inevitable in the written press. Our objective in this article is to study the subjective use of the reported speech and examine how it is employed by the journalist to better address the targeted audience. In essence, it seeks to detect the traces of the enunciator and to deduce whether he commits himself to the message(s) he tends to convey vis-à-vis the words he reports. That said, we will try to investigate the idea that he reports in his speech, explaining the different discursive strategies that allow him to intervene in the words of others while making attempts to maintain his sense of objectivity. We will, also, try to examine the effects of meaning and the narrative scope of the reported speech in order to see if there is any trace of subjectivity that displays the presence of the journalist or any other author.
Modern trends in poetics at the dawn of the 21st century – modification of the Romanesque form
Authors: Duiyessinova Dilya , Sadykova Anvara , Aripbayeva Lyazzat , Yeginbayeva Toizhan , Saparova Yulduz
Published: November 2022

The research examines, theoretically and historically and literarily, the modern French novel of the late 20th and early 21st centuries as the “main genre” of fiction; characteristics of the functioning of novelistic genres in a period of transition; new forms of novelistic thought, new artistic strategies and aesthetic experiences of the French novel. In the French literature of the last decades, the interest in the specificities of the new novelistic form has increased. There were essays, monographs, and articles on the modern novel, but there are no systemic and holistic studies that detail the functioning of the novel form in contemporary times. In domestic literature, the French novel of the early 20th century, 50-80s, has been studied quite deeply, but the literature of the late 20th and early 21st centuries has still been analyzed too little.
Structural characterization of chiasmatic constructs in Russian and French
Authors: Amangaziyeva Meruyert , Khairzhanova Akhmaral , Mustagaliyeva Gulnara , Kalybekova Kalamkas , Bissenbiyeva Raigul
Published: November 2022

This article represents the author's experience in the comparative study of one of the figures of expressive syntax - chiasmatic constructions, functioning in fiction texts. The object of study in this study are chiasmas extracted from texts of fiction in Russian and French, the subject – linguopragmatic characteristics of chiasmatic constructions. Chiasmatic construction, or the figure of crossing, is one of the most complex and multifaceted rhetorical figures. Its appearance is the result of the interaction and fusion of several syntactic structures; this includes expressive constructions of syntactic parallelism, repetition, antithesis or contraposition, and inversion. The name itself comes from the peculiarities of the structure of the chiasmus, in which the second part is an inverse repetition of the first, such an intersection of parts generates a figure similar to the letter "x" - hence the ancient Greek name of the structure. Such constructions are individual, occurring mostly in winged sayings, phraseological units, fiction prose and most often in poetry. The conclusions and provisions developed in these studies, due to their theoretical value and significance, allow us to see the specificity of this figure of expressive syntax. At the same time, the analysis of the corresponding literature and the requirements for scientific research put forward by the time itself and the changes taking place in the society, which are naturally reflected in the language and in its functional stratification, testify to the necessity of the research directed to the complex illumination of problems of the syntax of a fiction text in the comparative aspect.
Discursive strategies of using numerological expressions and paroemias
Authors: Mukhametkaliyeva Sania , Smankulova Zhanat , Kidirbayeva Khalima , Ismagulova Nurgul , Bissenbayeva Zhanat
Published: November 2022

Modern sciences widely use comparative methods in the study of phraseological and paremiological backgrounds based on different systems of languages. Studies identify what is common and characteristic of the analyzed linguistic units and highlight what is characteristic only of a certain language. The universal category of quantity and the concept of number closely related to it arose from the earliest stages of the development of human thought. In addition to a logical and rational way of knowing the surrounding reality, they reflect people's faith in the mystical essence of numbers and their magical power. This irrational belief is inherent in all cultural traditions, without exception. The two ways of perceiving and knowing the surrounding reality coexist and are realized in human language. The linguistic expression of the numerical models accompanying a person in his historical development is based on cognitive knowledge, which has many universal characteristics. The purpose of the work is to study the pragmatics of numerological units in language and the reflection of speech in speech due to many components of the lexico-semantic level and the level of speech acts. Achieving this goal is facilitated by solving the following tasks: 1) study of the characteristics and functioning of the number in various linguistic images of the world; 2) the study of the numerological aspect in phraseological units and paroemias to identify their national and cultural specificities; 3) consideration of the meaning of number symbolism and identification of cultural codes in phraseological units and paroemias of various cultures. The perspectives of this study are presented in another comparative analysis of the lexical (direct) and connotative meanings of linguistic units with a numerological component in other languages, as well as linguistic units that do not have a direct quantitative meaning but realize the quantitative significance in a pragmatic-discursive aspect. Such studies will contribute to a complete description of the world of numbers.
The functions of slang in the work of Faïza Guène
Authors: Proskuryakova Daria , Ponchon Thierry , Retinskaya Tatiana , Baghana Jerome , Prokhorova Olga
Published: November 2022

This article analyzes the slang linguistic elements of Faïza Guène's entire fictional work. The writer inscribes her creations in the literary genre "beur" (literature of generations born of Algerian immigration) and urban (suburban) literature, two connected areas of modern French prose. It also studies the phenomenon of « contemporary French in cities » (a term introduced by argotologist J.-P. Goudaillier) as a variety of French argots. Indeed, the author's language is special in the sense that it is characterized by several marks of oral character at all levels. The wide use that she makes of different slang strata is motivated by the fact that, on the one hand, this vocabulary is part of her personal linguistic experience and that, on the other hand, these multiple processes make it possible to give her works the appearance most realistic and plausible that it is. Based on the analysis of a non-standard vocabulary (frequency of argot lexemes, means of their semantization, synonymic ranks, training procedures), the authors draw conclu-sions on the functions of slang in the novels of F. Guène. Although all the functions specific to French argots are present in his works, their hierarchy differs from one novel to another depending on the change of the subjects treated and the characteristics of the characters/narrators.
Teaching French during the Mussolini dictatorship – a tool for the construction of a fascist identity?
Authors: Gibault Fabien
Published: November 2022

Textbooks are an important lever in foreign language teaching, especially in the periods before the advent of the internet and new technologies. It is a referent, symbolically and physically in front of the learner, a guide that holds the right and the truth. The fascist dictatorship in Italy (1922-1943) was no exception to this rule. In the context of a regime that revolutionised communication, school textbooks were very important, even those for the French language. This article proposes to illustrate the use of French textbooks for Fascist propaganda purposes around the following axes: the Fascist triptych, the concept of myth and the vision of France in school texts. The aim of this research is to present a concrete case of mind manipulation by a means that is certainly not very common: using language textbooks (which should therefore be open to other cultures) to ethnocentrate the population and train them in the most radical nationalism. Finally, we will try to draw a conclusion on the causes of these choices, and a real problematic, namely whether France was a model for fascism.
The role of growth factors in human sperm parameters: A review of in vitro studies
Authors: Ghasemian Nafchi Hanieh , Azizi Yaser , Halvaei Iman
Published: November 2022

In vitro sperm preparation/incubation and cryopreservation are associated with oxidative stress as the main cause of sperm damage, and different strategies are used to improve sperm quality in in vitro conditions to treat male infertility. Growth factors (GFs) are biological molecules that play different roles in various cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Many studies have shown that GFs and their receptors are expressed in the male reproductive system. In vitro supplementation of GFs to improve sperm parameters has yielded useful results. There are many studies on the effects of GFs on sperm quality improvement and subsequent assisted reproductive technology results. Hence, this study will review the in vitro results of various GFs including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, and vascular endothelial growth factor to improve sperm quality.
Key words: Growth factors, Sperm, ROS, Cryopreservation, In vitro.
Histopathologic evaluation of the inflammatory factors and stromal cells in the endometriosis lesions: A case-control study
Authors: Mohebbi Ali , Hojati Vida , Majidi Zolbin Masoumeh , Aflatoonian Reza
Published: November 2022

Background: Endometriosis is a multifaceted gynecological disorder defined as a benign estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory process in which endometrial glands and stroma-like tissues are located outside the uterine cavity. It affects around 2-10% of all women during their reproductive years.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the traffic of mesenchymal stem cells and inflammatory factors toward the lesions.
Materials and Methods: Ten samples of normal endometrium and eutopic endometrium were studied as a control group and 10 ectopic samples were considered as a case group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate stromal cells and inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to show the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the lesions. The cells were digested and cultured in the laboratory to study cell proliferation. The number of cells and vessels were counted with Image J software, and data analysis was performed with Prism software.
Results: Data analysis showed that the number of stromal cells and vessels in ectopic tissue were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001). Also, the number of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages, in the ectopic group was much higher than in the control group (p < 0.005).
Conclusion: By expanding the number of blood vessels, blood flow increases, and cell migration to tissues is facilitated. The accumulation of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, stimulates the growth of stem cells and helps implant cells by creating an inflammatory process.
Key words: Endometriosis, PCNA, Stem cell, Inflammation.
Severe deterioration in sperm parameters and testes of rats administered naproxen and diclofenac at pre-puberty: An experimental study
Authors: H. W. Aledani Tamadir , N. Al-Hayder Manal , S. Al- Mayyahi Rawaa
Published: November 2022

Background: Although naproxen and diclofenac are the most commonly used nonsteroidal drugs, their toxicity affecting male reproductivity has not been sufficiently studied, particularly when used in pre-puberty.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of naproxen and diclofenac on sperm parameters and testes in pre-pubertal rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 15 pre-pubertal male albino rats (aged 5 wk, weighted 70-80 gr) were used. The animals were divided in to 3 groups (n = 5/each) of control (0.1 ml dimethyl sulfoxide), naproxen (50 mg/kg), and diclofenac sodium (5 mg/kg), and were orally administered with these drugs every day for 3 wk. Epididymal spermatozoa were taken to assess sperm count, viability, and morphology. After preparing tissue sections, testicular histopathological and histomorphometric analyses were performed.
Results: The body weights of rats in both naproxen and diclofenac groups significantly decreased (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively) in comparison to the control group. Remarkably, the testis weight and total sperm number significantly decreased (p = 0.002, and p = 0.004 respectively) in the naproxen-administered rats only. The sperm viability percentage decreased significantly in both diclofenac and naproxenadministered groups (p ≤ 0.001 and p = 0.03 respectively). Moreover, there was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the percentage of sperm morphological anomalies in both drug-administered groups. Also, the histological and morphometric findings exhibited severe histopathological appearances in the testes and seminiferous tubules parameters in both drug-administered groups.
Conclusion: Naproxen and diclofenac administrations of rats before their puberty induce considerable harm to sperm parameters and testicular histology and morphometry. These severe toxic effects can lead to potential infertility.
Key words: Male infertility, Nonsteroidal drugs, Pathology, Spermatozoa, Testis.
Association study of ESR1 rs9340799, rs2234693, and MMP2 rs243865 variants in Iranian women with premature ovarian insufficiency: A case-control study
Authors: Sadat Eshaghi Farzaneh , Dehghan Tezerjani Masoud , Ghasemi Nasrin , Dehghani Mohammadreza
Published: November 2022

Background: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a rare disease clinically characterized by ovarian follicles depletion or dysfunction and menopause before the age of 40 yr as the cut-off age for POI. It is a complex disease, and its etiology involves several factors. However, genetic factors have a predominant role in the susceptibility to the disease.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the polymorphisms of rs243865 in the matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) gene and rs2234693 and rs9340799 in the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene with susceptibility to POI in Iranian women under 35 yr.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 150 women with POI and 150 healthy women who were referred to Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Yazd, Iran between May-October 2020. The genotyping of ESR1 rs9340799, rs2234693, and MMP2 rs243865 polymorphism was done using tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium were investigated by SNPanalyzer software.
Results: Our study revealed the frequency of rs243865 TT, CC genotypes in the MMP2 gene and rs2234693 CC, TT; and rs9340799 GG, AA in the ESR1 gene were more prevalent in the case group compared to the control group. In addition, ESR1 rs2234693 and rs9340799 genotypes showed significant association with the development of the disease in our population. Among 4 haplotypes for 2 polymorphisms in the ESR1 gene, rs2234693T/rs9340799A haplotype was associated with conferring risk to POI.
Conclusion: ESR1 rs2234693 and rs9340799 polymorphism were strongly associated with our population’s POI.
Key words: Matrix metalloproteinase-2, Estrogen receptor alpha, Primary ovarian insufficiency, Female infertility.
Metformin as a potential agent for modulating the faulty endometriotic mesenchymal stem cells: A case-control study
Authors: Mashayekhi Parisa , Noruzinia Mehrdad , Khodaverdi Sepideh
Published: November 2022

Background: According to stem cell theory, it seems that the proliferation/differentiation imbalance in endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (enMSCs) is the leading cause of endometriosis, so targeting them to modulate stemness-relevant factors seems to be a wise choice for endometriosis treatment.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on stemness properties of enMSCs by evaluating the expression profile of stemness-related genes and microRNAs (miRNAs).
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, MSCs were isolated from the eutopic endometrium of 3 endometriotic and 3 healthy women. After their characterization and culture, they were treated with 0.1, 1, and 10 mM metformin for 72 hr. Finally, the expression of octamer-binding transcription factor (OCT) 4A, OCT4B, OCT4B1, sex determining region Y-Box transcription factor 2, nanog homeobox, microRNA-200b, microRNA-145, and lethal-7b were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Metformin modulated the expression of stemness-related genes and miRNAs, OCT4A, OCT4B, OCT4B1, sex determining region Y-Box transcription factor 2, nanog homeobox, microRNA-200b, microRNA-145, and lethal-7b in enMSCs, especially at 1 and 10 mM concentration. Notably, metformin had a paradoxical effect on normal enMSCs.
Conclusion: We showed that metformin could modulate the expression of deregulated genes and miRNAs in faulty enMSCs, and restore their skewed selfrenewal/ differentiation balance. It might be a promising drug for endometriosis treatment. The paradoxical effect of metformin on enMSCs and normal enMSCs might be because of their different metabolic patterns. This drug requires further investigation to illustrate.
Key words: Endometriosis, Mesenchymal stem cells, Metformin.
Corrigendum to “Correlation between clinical and laboratory parameters and early pregnancy loss in assisted reproductive technology cycles: A cross-sectional study” [Int J Reprod BioMed 2022; 20: 683-690]
Authors: Emami Fatemeh , Eftekhar Maryam , Jalaliani Samaneh
Published: November 2022

The authors have been informed of an error that occurred on page 684 in which the number of participants should be replaced with 408 instead of 480. On behalf of the author, the publisher wishes to apologize for this error. The online version of article has been updated on 23 October 2022 and can be found at https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v20i8.11757.
Do We Need to Repeat the Initially Normal Head Computerized Tomography for Patients with Mild Head Trauma Using Anticoagulant and/or Antiplatelet Therapy?
Authors: ÇATAL Yaşar , GÜNALP Müge , GENÇ Sinan , OĞUZ Ahmet Burak , KOCA Ayça , POLAT Onur
Published: November 2022

Objective: Patients using anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet (AC/AP) medications are at an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) subsequent to head trauma and current guidelines recommend a head computed tomography (CT) scan for these patients. There is a lack of consensus about management recommendations for mild head trauma patients on AC/AP treatment who had an initially normal head CT. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of delayed ICH after a 24-hour observation in patients with mild head trauma using AC/AP who had an initially normal head CT.
Method: Patients aged 18 and older, using AC/AP drugs with mild head trauma were included prospectively. Patients underwent head CT for suspected bleeding. A repeat CT scan was performed after a 24-hours observation period for the patients who had an initially normal head CT for detecting delayed intracranial hemorrhage.
Result: A total of 101 patients were included and, 57.4% (n=58) of the patients were female. Delayed ICH was detected in 2.9% (n=3) of the patients after a 24-hour observation. None of the patients with delayed ICH needed surgical treatment or further intervention. Delayed ICH was found in patients who used acetylsalicylic acid (n=1), dabigatran (n=1), and apixaban (n=1).
Conclusion: In patients with mild head trauma using AC/AP, delayed intracranial hemorrhage is rare and may be clinically insignificant. A repeat CT scanning after 24-hour observation may not be necessary for patients with mild head trauma using AC/AP therapy who had initially normal head CT.
A Review: Analysis of Metal and Mineral Content in the Complexity of Sidoarjo Hot Mud as a Source of Renewable Energy in Indonesia
Authors: ROKHİM Deni Ainur , ISLAMİYAH Kafita Krisnatul , SANJAYA Eli Hendrik
Published: November 2022

The Sidoarjo Hot Mud is a phenomenon of mudflow caused by exploration activities of PT. Lapindo Brantas since 2006. The purpose of this article is to provide information related to the empowerment of the Sidoarjo Hot Mud which has the potential as alternative source of renewable energy: source of electrical energy and biodiesel catalyst. Based on XRF results on samples at two locations: the center of the eruption and Lusi Island, it showed that there were various metallic elements and oxide minerals. Based on the results, the Sidoarjo Hot Mud from the center of the eruption resulted in potential difference of 8.8 V and electric power of 7.07135 watts/hour (8 circuits). The hot mud samples of Lusi Island produced potential difference of 4.38 V and electric power of 3.5196 watts/hour (3 circuits); 5.84 V and 4.6928 watts/hour (4 circuits). The silica mineral in the center of the eruption was 45.0% (radius 500 m), 45.3% (radius 1000 m), and 43.3% (radius 2000 m), while on Lusi Island it was 43.8%. Based on these results, the Sidoarjo mud has the potential to be used as a source of renewable energy in Indonesia, as a source of electrical energy and for synthesis for biodiesel catalyst.
Inversor Integrado Zeta para Aplicações em Sistemas Autonômos Monofásicos de Geração de Energia
Authors: Dionizio Anderson A. , Sampaio Leonardo P. , Silva Sérgio A. Oliveira da
Published: November 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma nova topologia integrada de inversor monofásico para aplicações autônomas em sistemas de geração de energia. A topologia proposta, nomeada como Inversor Integrado Zeta Monofásico (I2ZM), é projetada para fornecer uma tensão senoidal, regulada e com baixa distorção harmônica para cargas locais a partir de fontes de tensão CC, em um sistema de geração autônomo. O I2ZM é construído a partir da integração de conversores CC-CC Zeta, sendo este projetado para operar no modo de condução descontínua. Por ser uma estrutura de inversor integrado, o I2ZM apresenta vantagens como a de não precisar de um conversor de potência para realizar a elevação da tensão de entrada, ou da necessidade de possuir níveis elevados de tensão na entrada do inversor para realizar a conversão CC/CA. Neste sentido, é realizado um estudo completo do I2ZM, envolvendo análises quantitativa e qualitativa, bem como a análise de pequenos sinais. Por meio de resultados de simulação computacional e experimentais, a viabilidade e a funcionalidade do inversor I2ZM proposto são apresentadas e avaliadas.
A educação profissional emancipatória
Authors: Salvaro César Bresolin , Teixeira Alexsandra , Pauly Evaldo Luis
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar os efeitos positivos que uma pedagogia baseada em projetos pode agregar, tanto no âmbito da educação regular quanto na educação profissional de jovens que se lançarão ao mercado de trabalho. Trata também a respeito das contribuições para o desenvolvimento das habilidades comportamentais dos alunos, bem como de competências profissionais, que poderão, inclusive, contribuir não só com o aumento da empregabilidade, como também nortear a vida do aluno para o desenvolvimento de sua autonomia, priorizando o aprender fazendo e combinando teoria e prática. É uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico acerca de uma educação voltada para uma sociedade em mudança.
A importância da economia do conhecimento na era da indústria 4.0: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Nunes de Menezes Laura , Cristine de Alencar Lira Marcela , Souto Neiva Laédna , Brasileiro Maria Isabel
Published: November 2022

Existe atualmente uma tendência mundialmente crescente de implantação ou de avanço dos princípios característicos da nova era industrial nos mais diferentes setores da sociedade; obviamente, que as organizações de manufaturas e produções industriais serão os primeiros e, não por acaso, os principais setores atingidos pelo advento dessa nova era digital, que está sendo considera comoa Quarta Revolução Industrial a ser vivenciada na história da humanidade. Tal revolução também é conhecida pela terminologia Indústria 4.0. Alinhado a esse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa é realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a importância da economia do conhecimento na era da Quarta Revolução Industrial, evidenciando os impactos do conhecimento como capital imaterial a favor da manutenção da empregabilidade dos indivíduos da sociedade. De acordo com as informações compiladas neste trabalho de pesquisa, ficou evidente a importância das universidades como agentes impulsionadores do desenvolvimento e da valorização da economia do conhecimento, uma vez que há uma significativa expectativa da sociedade em receber das universidades a qualificação necessária para estar inclusa, na condição de profissionais habilitados e competitivos no mercado de trabalho em consonância com as exigências dos conceitos e princípios da Indústria 4.0.
Detecção de fraudes no segmento de crédito financeiro utilizando aprendizado de máquina: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Martins Emerson , Verardi Galegale Napoleão
Published: November 2022

A fraude financeira é uma ameaça cada vez maior, com consequências negativas tanto para o setor financeiro quanto para própria sociedade. Embora a mineração de dados tenha se mostrado como uma ferramenta útil na detecção de fraude de cartão de crédito, ela também tem enfrentado desafios, pois os perfis de comportamentos normais e fraudulentos mudam constantemente, em que os tipos das transações fraudulentas se aproximam muito das legítimas. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar quais tipos de algoritmos são mais utilizados na detecção de fraudes no uso de cartão de crédito. Para tanto, foi empregado o método de revisão sistemática da literatura, com base no protocolo PRISMA-P. Foram identificados como algoritmos mais utilizados o NN (Neural Network Feed-Forward), NB (Naive Bayes), RF (Random Florest) e o SVM (Support Vector Machines Based). O presente estudo fornece um guia quanto aos métodos que têm alto potencial para atingir a detecção de fraude com cartão de pagamento.
Avaliação do uso de jogos como ferramenta no processo de ensino aprendizagem em segurança do trabalho
Authors: Pereira Maria Luiza Gomes , Rodrigues Campos Ruas Simone
Published: November 2022

Os treinamentos devem desenvolver nos colaboradores competências convenientes às atividades que serão executadas, entretanto, existe um panorama em que o instrutor repassa o conhecimento sem apresentar estratégias didáticas, dificultando o aprendizado e não oferecendo subsídios para a capacidade de inovar e absorver conteúdo. Quando se trata de Segurança do Trabalho, a eficáciada capacitação se torna ainda mais considerável, já que lacunas nesse programa podem refletir na conduta dos trabalhadores e na segurança do local de trabalho. Mediante a carência de treinamentos mais incisivos e a necessidade de tornar o colaborador o protagonista da aprendizagem, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a implementação de um jogo de tabuleiro sobre Segurança no Trabalho em uma empresa multinacional, através da resposta dos colaboradores perante o uso da ferramenta no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Após a revisão da literatura, a metodologia se dividiu na criação do jogo e na aplicação da ferramenta seguida de uma pesquisa. As respostas apontaram que o modelo de treinamento tradicional não atende totalmente às expectativas dos colaboradores, apresentando oportunidades relativas à linguagem e comunicação do ministrante, quantidade e duração das capacitações e desafio e estímulo ao colaborador. Sobre a utilização de jogos como complemento no processo de treinamento, 100% dos entrevistados concordaram que a ferramenta incentiva a assimilação do conteúdo, promove o conhecimento e melhora as habilidades no tema. Concluiu-se que incluir a gamificação nos programas de capacitações das indústrias é uma maneira interessante de aprimorar competências e possibilitar a aprendizagem por meio de uma experiência dinâmica e lúdica.
Projeto e montagem de uma fresadora CNC
Authors: Bueno da Rocha Edenilson , Oechsler Felipe , Campagnollo Leonardo , Macêdo Araújo Rafael
Published: November 2022

Esse artigo mostra um estudo, projeto, desenvolvimento, ajustes e validação de uma fresadora CNC com três eixos para fins não industriais. Esse tipo de equipamento possui um amplo espectro de aplicações, que vão de impressoras 3D a robôs de manuseio de materiais. Neste trabalho, pode-se ver todos os passos, desde a escolha de materiais, desenvolvimento do sistema embarcado até testes finais com a fresadora funcionando, em que qualquer pessoa com o conhecimento em mecânica, eletrônica, automação e programação pode usar de base para construir sua própria fresadora ou equipamento com controle prismático de três eixos.
The Global Environment of Vaccination Mandates
Authors: Dean Abramson Brian , Vantrees Ashira
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how our global economy permits the quick spread of diseases and requires States to engage in a global response to effectively manage this spread. At the core of this response, is the individual State’s responses towards limiting the spread of viruses through vaccinations. However, due to diverse political, cultural, societal, and legal structures, States still do not have a uniform approach to responding to COVID-19. Thus, this article addresses the history of vaccines and the globalization of vaccine law during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the role of vaccination mandates. Moreover, this article discusses how State mandates to vaccination can be developed through legal and political means but also through cultural and societal structures. This article also addresses the impact of disinformation and misinformation in a State’s successful implementation and dissemination of vaccines. Lastly, this article briefly discusses the vaccine injury compensation system in select States and under the COVAX vaccination program.
National Determinants of Health: A Cross-National Aggregate Analysis
Authors: Schultz David
Published: November 2022

Research indicates that many factors impact individual health. These factors include genetics, lifestyle choices, and access to health care or health care insurance. Some of these factors are beyond the control of individuals, such as genetics or congenital circumstances. In addition, some factors, although beyond individual control, are certainly malleable, such as public policy choices made by governmental bodies. This article undertakes a preliminary analysis to assess macro national variables that impact individual health. It amasses a cross-national aggregate database of key indicators of health and compares them to macro “environmental” variables to assess the impact they globally have on health. The goal here is to determine what impact, if any, factors not traditionally thought of as health-related impact the well-being of individuals. The conclusion is that the political structure of a state, along with several policies related to crime, pollution, and ethnic conflict can impact health. The implication of research is that many policies generally thought to be exogenous to health can actually impact it and therefore states need to think more broadly beyond simply access to health care or insurance in seeking to improve the health and well-being of its people.