bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of recurrent reflex sympathetic dystrophy with bilateral lumbar sympathectomies
Authors: Dobritt Dennis W. , Gutowski Paul
Published: June 2017

The authors report a case of reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower right extremity in a 51-year-old white man. The disorder developed 3 months after an ankle fracture, and bilateral lumbar surgical sympathectomies were necessary for successful treatment. Unique to this case is the patient's history of having undergone the same treatment 10 years earlier for the same disorder, which developed after a myocardial infarction and cardiac catheterization of the right femoral artery. Incomplete sympathectomy or regeneration of sympathetic ganglions after the first surgery may explain why the second surgery was necessary in this patient.
Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in cancer metastasis through the lymphatic system
Authors: Karlsson Mikael C. , Gonzalez Santiago F. , Welin Josefin , Fuxe Jonas
Published: June 2017

It was already in the 18th century when the French surgeon LeDran first noted that breast cancer patients with spread of tumor cells to their axillary lymph nodes had a drastically worse prognosis than patients without spread (LeDran et al., ). Since then, metastatic spread of cancer cells to regional lymph nodes has been established as the most important prognostic factor in many types of cancer (Carter et al., ; Elston and Ellis, ). However, despite its clinical importance, lymph metastasis remains an underexplored area of tumor biology. Fundamental questions, such as when, how, and perhaps most importantly, why tumor cells disseminate through the lymphatic system, remain largely unanswered. Accordingly, no treatment strategies exist that specifically target lymph metastasis. The identification of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a mechanism, which allows cancer cells to dedifferentiate and acquire enhanced migratory and invasive properties, has been a game changer in cancer research. Conceptually, EMT provides an explanation for why epithelial cancers with poor differentiation status are generally more aggressive and prone to metastasize than more differentiated cancers. Inflammatory cytokines, such as TGF‐β, which are produced and secreted by tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, are potent inducers of EMT. Thus, reactivation of EMT also links cancer‐related inflammation to invasive and metastatic disease. Recently, we found that breast cancer cells undergoing TGF‐β‐induced EMT acquire properties of immune cells allowing them to disseminate in a targeted fashion through the lymphatic system similar to activated dendritic cells during inflammation. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms by which cancer cells spread through the lymphatic system and the links to inflammation and the immune system. We also emphasize how imaging techniques have the potential to further expand our knowledge of the mechanisms of lymph metastasis, and how lymph nodes serve as an interface between cancer and the immune system.
Building and breaking a large igneous province: An example from the High Arctic
Authors: Døssing Arne , Gaina Carmen , Brozena John M.
Published: June 2017

The genesis of the Amerasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean has been difficult to discern due to overprint of the Cretaceous High‐Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). Based on detailed analysis of bathymetry data, new Arctic magnetic and gravity compilations, and recently published radiometric and seismic data, we present a revised plate kinematic model of the northernmost Amerasia Basin. We show that the smaller Makarov Basin is formed by rifting and seafloor spreading during the latest Cretaceous (to middle Paleocene). The opening progressively migrated into the Alpha Ridge structure, which was the focus of Early‐to‐Middle Cretaceous HALIP formation, causing breakup of the proto‐Alpha Ridge into the present‐day Alpha Ridge and Alpha Ridge West Plateau. We propose that breakup of the Makarov Basin was triggered by extension between the North America and Eurasian plates and possibly North Pacific plate rollback.
A multiresolution inversion for imaging the ionosphere
Authors: Yin Ping , Zheng Ya‐Nan , Mitchell Cathryn N. , Li Bo
Published: June 2017

Ionospheric tomography has been widely employed in imaging the large‐scale ionospheric structures at both quiet and storm times. However, the tomographic algorithms to date have not been very effective in imaging of medium‐ and small‐scale ionospheric structures due to limitations of uneven ground‐based data distributions and the algorithm itself. Further, the effect of the density and quantity of Global Navigation Satellite Systems data that could help improve the tomographic results for the certain algorithm remains unclear in much of the literature. In this paper, a new multipass tomographic algorithm is proposed to conduct the inversion using intensive ground GPS observation data and is demonstrated over the U.S. West Coast during the period of 16–18 March 2015 which includes an ionospheric storm period. The characteristics of the multipass inversion algorithm are analyzed by comparing tomographic results with independent ionosonde data and Center for Orbit Determination in Europe total electron content estimates. Then, several ground data sets with different data distributions are grouped from the same data source in order to investigate the impact of the density of ground stations on ionospheric tomography results. Finally, it is concluded that the multipass inversion approach offers an improvement. The ground data density can affect tomographic results but only offers improvements up to a density of around one receiver every 150 to 200 km. When only GPS satellites are tracked there is no clear advantage in increasing the density of receivers beyond this level, although this may change if multiple constellations are monitored from each receiving station in the future.
Application of analytical diffusion models to outcrop observations: Implications for mass transport by fluid flow through fractures
Authors: Antonellini M. , Mollema P. N. , Del Sole L.
Published: June 2017

A pavement outcrop with excellent exposure of spatial relationships among joints, veins, small offset normal faults, and associated alteration halos (redox fronts) provided an opportunity to compare predictions of analytical models for reaction front propagation in a fracture‐matrix system with a real‐field situation. The results have important implications for fluid flow and pollutant transport through a fractured medium. The alteration halos observed suggest that all joints of different sets and most small faults are conductive to meteoric water at shallow depth. On the other hand, veins are local barriers to mass transport by diffusion. By using petrologic and petrophysical data, analytical modeling, and the width of the alteration halos, it was possible to estimate when the fracture network was open to fluid flow. The inferred time for fluid flow and diffusion through the fracture network is sensitive to the porosity n of the rock matrix used in the analytical solutions: 2200 ± 500 years with n = 0.08, 4600 ± 900 years with n = 0.05, and 16,000 ± 4000 with n = 0.02. The second and third age determinations are consistent with the landscape evolution of the area since the end of the last Wűrmian ice age and with the timing required to fill the fractures observed in outcrop. We suggest that analytical modeling is an important tool for the determination of transport and reaction time scales in fractured formations where it is constrained by a robust petrophysical and chemical properties data set.
Development of a land surface model with coupled snow and frozen soil physics
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhou Jing , Qi Jia , Sun Litao , Yang Kun , Tian Lide , Lin Yanluan , Liu Wenbin , Shrestha Maheswor , Xue Yongkang , Koike Toshio , Ma Yaoming , Li Xiuping , Chen Yingying , Chen Deliang , Piao Shilong , Lu Hui
Published: June 2017

Snow and frozen soil are important factors that influence terrestrial water and energy balances through snowpack accumulation and melt and soil freeze‐thaw. In this study, a new land surface model (LSM) with coupled snow and frozen soil physics was developed based on a hydrologically improved LSM (HydroSiB2). First, an energy‐balance‐based three‐layer snow model was incorporated into HydroSiB2 (hereafter HydroSiB2‐S) to provide an improved description of the internal processes of the snow pack. Second, a universal and simplified soil model was coupled with HydroSiB2‐S to depict soil water freezing and thawing (hereafter HydroSiB2‐SF). In order to avoid the instability caused by the uncertainty in estimating water phase changes, enthalpy was adopted as a prognostic variable instead of snow/soil temperature in the energy balance equation of the snow/frozen soil module. The newly developed models were then carefully evaluated at two typical sites of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) (one snow covered and the other snow free, both with underlying frozen soil). At the snow‐covered site in northeastern TP (DY), HydroSiB2‐SF demonstrated significant improvements over HydroSiB2‐F (same as HydroSiB2‐SF but using the original single‐layer snow module of HydroSiB2), showing the importance of snow internal processes in three‐layer snow parameterization. At the snow‐free site in southwestern TP (Ngari), HydroSiB2‐SF reasonably simulated soil water phase changes while HydroSiB2‐S did not, indicating the crucial role of frozen soil parameterization in depicting the soil thermal and water dynamics. Finally, HydroSiB2‐SF proved to be capable of simulating upward moisture fluxes toward the freezing front from the underlying soil layers in winter.
Cytochrome
c
Peroxidase
Authors: Chreifi Georges , Poulos Thomas L
Published: June 2017

Cytochrome
c
peroxidase (CcP), produced by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, is a heme peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of H
2
O
2
to water using electrons from two molecules of ferrocytochrome
c
. CcP has played a unique role in the early studies of enzymology and biological electron transfer and in our understanding of how heme‐containing enzymes stabilize higher oxidation states. Recently, a heme peroxidase from the parasitic protozoan
Leishmania major
(LmP) was also confirmed to be a CcP. This article briefly describes our current knowledge of CcP (and LmP) biochemistry and structural biology.
Theoretical Studies on Tyrosinase Models
Authors: Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: June 2017

Copper–dioxygen chemistry and the corresponding tyrosinase‐inspired reactivity are regarded as a torture track for computational chemistry, since a strong dependence of the results from the included amount of exact exchange, the basis set size and inclusion of empirical dispersion has been found. In the last years, density functional theory has become the workhorse for the investigation of reaction mechanisms in this area. Pure and hybrid functionals have been found to be useful to investigate the equilibrium between isomeric side‐on peroxide dicopper(II) species (P) and bis(μ‐oxo) dicopper(III) species (O). Moreover, the coordination of the phenolate to the Cu2O2core with subsequent hydroxylation step has been studied by several groups. Here, the results of whether the OO bond scission occurs before or after phenolate coordination depend on the size of the regarded system, and the question is still open whether aPor anOcore performs the crucial C–H activation step. Further studies also focused on the Cu2O2species formation process starting with copper(I) and dioxygen and also on the ligand hydroxylation—always with view to experimental studies owing to the increasing computational power. Hence, the focus shifted from the study of rather small NH3‐stabilized systems to realistic and sometimes even catalytically active complexes. Methodology benchmarking moved to coupled‐cluster methods and finally toward benchmarking of energies of experimentally determined equilibria. Together with potential energy surface (PES) scans, charge decomposition analyses (CDA), and natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses, important insights into the reaction mechanisms have been obtained and many more will be awaited to resolve the full catalytic cycle of tyrosinase.
Conjugated Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Polymers
Authors: Helten Holger
Published: June 2017

Conjugated polymers with conducting (upon doping) or semiconducting properties have attracted considerable attention owing to their use as cost‐effective, lightweight materials for electronic and optoelectronic device applications such as (polymer‐based) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs/PLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPV), and organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), or as sensory or bioimaging materials. In recent years, the incorporation of inorganic elements into conjugated organic frameworks has emerged as an effective strategy to develop novel hybrid materials with intriguing properties and functions that cannot be achieved with purely organic compounds. Particularly, inorganic–organic hybrid polymers, that is, macromolecules that comprise organic building blocks and inorganic elements in the main chain combine the best of both worlds. This article provides an overview of the basic concepts and recent advances in the development of inorganic–organic hybrid polymers functionalized by main‐group elements.
Fumarate and Nitrate Reduction Regulator (FNR)
Authors: Volbeda Anne , Nicolet Yvain , Fontecilla‐Camps Juan C
Published: June 2017

Many microorganisms can thrive under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This metabolic plasticity is conferred to these microbes by several protein sensors including the fumarate nitrate reduction regulator FNR. FNR belongs to the CRP family of homodimeric transcription regulators. It uniquely binds one [4Fe–4S] cofactor per monomer. It is also the only member of this family that in Gram‐negative bacteria is known to modulate DNA binding through a monomer–dimer equilibrium that depends on the integrity of its [4Fe–4S] clusters. Under anaerobic conditions, the [4Fe–4S]‐containing FNR binds to DNA and controls the expression of over a hundred genes. Upon oxygen exposure, the metal cluster undergoes a progressive disassembly process that includes [3Fe–4S] and [2Fe–2S] centers. [2Fe–2S]‐containing FNR is monomeric and cannot bind to DNA. We have recently determined the crystal structure of FNR fromAliivibrio fischeri. We have combined our structural results with numerous previous mutagenesis studies to postulate that the monomer–monomer interface of FNR is ‘imperfect’ and that dimer dissociation is controlled by very fine‐tuned repulsive and attractive interactions, including a salt bridge at the N‐terminus of the dimerization helix. [4Fe–4S] cluster disassembly induces the disruption of this salt bridge and the subsequent unzipping of the FNR homodimer.
Metal–Carbohydrate Interactions/Complexes
Authors: Mikata Yuji
Published: June 2017

This review introduces recent progress related to carbohydrate–metal interactions and carbohydrate‐based metal complexes. Carbohydrates are ubiquitous natural resources with highly diverse and ordered structures that serve as valuable material pools for life science and fine chemicals. In this context, efficient methods for degradation and molecular transformations of natural polysaccharides into useful compounds promoted by metal–carbohydrate interactions have been investigated. Carbohydrate‐bearing metal complexes exhibit several benefits including targeting to specific cells, enhanced cellular uptake, water solubility, and chirality. Such properties of carbohydrate–metal complexes are utilized in chemotherapy, imaging, catalysis, and other material sciences. Platinum and other metal complexes with carbohydrate ligands as anticancer agents, carbohydrate‐based drug candidates against Alzheimer's diseases, and photosensitizers are possible medicinal applications. Fluorescence, magnetic resonance, and radioactivity of carbohydrate‐based metal complexes are frequently used modalities for molecular imaging. In addition, many carbohydrate–metal complexes are used as catalysts in asymmetric synthesis. These attractive properties of carbohydrate–metal interactions and carbohydrate‐conjugated metal complexes will provide new frontiers in material and life sciences in the future.
Dysregulation of 14‐3‐3 proteins in neurodegenerative diseases with Lewy body or Alzheimer pathology
Authors: McFerrin Michael B. , Chi Xiaofei , Cutter Gary , Yacoubian Talene A.
Published: June 2017

Objective

The highly conserved 14‐3‐3 proteins interact with key players involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. We recently demonstrated that 14‐3‐3 phosphorylation is increased in PD models and that increased 14‐3‐3 phosphorylation reduces the neuroprotective effects of 14‐3‐3 proteins. Here, we investigated whether 14‐3‐3 phosphorylation is altered in postmortem brains from control, PD, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Alzheimer's with Lewy Bodies (ADLB), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) subjects at three conserved sites: serine 58 (S58), serine 185 (S185), and serine 232 (S232).

Methods

S58, S185, and S232 phosphorylation was measured by western blot analysis of Triton X‐100 soluble and insoluble fractions from postmortem temporal cortex.

Results

The ratio of soluble phospho‐S232 to insoluble phospho‐S232 was reduced by 32%, 60%, 37%, and 52% in PD, AD, ADLB, and DLB, respectively. S185 and S58 phosphorylation were mildly elevated in the soluble fraction in DLB. We also noted a dramatic reduction in soluble pan 14‐3‐3 levels by ~35% in AD, ADLB, and DLB. Lower ratios of soluble to insoluble S232 phosphorylation (pointing to higher insoluble pS232) correlated with lower soluble pan 14‐3‐3 levels, suggesting that S232 phosphorylation may promote insolubilization of 14‐3‐3s. The phospho‐S232 ratio and soluble pan 14‐3‐3 levels correlated with clinical and pathological severity.

Interpretation

These data reveal dysregulation of 14‐3‐3 proteins in neurodegeneration associated with Lewy body or Alzheimer pathology. S232 phosphorylation may drive insolubilization of 14‐3‐3s and thus contribute to the pathophysiology in neurodegenerative disorders associated with Lewy body or Alzheimer pathology.
Individual Differences in Training Gains and Transfer Measures: An Investigation of Training Curves in Children with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: van der Donk Marthe L.A. , van Viersen Sietske , Hiemstra‐Beernink Anne‐Claire , Tjeenk‐Kalff Ariane C. , van der Leij Aryan , Lindauer Ramón J.L.
Published: June 2017

Currently, evidence for the beneficial effects of working memory (WM) training on transfer measures in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is inconsistent. Although there is accumulating evidence for the role of individual differences in training and transfer gains of cognitive training, this area has been left unexplored for children with ADHD. In the current study, an advanced latent growth curve model analysis was used to investigate the individual differences in learning curves (training gains) of WM training tasks within a new cognitive intervention ‘Paying Attention in Class’. It was investigated whether certain baseline variables (age, intelligence quotient, externalizing behaviour problems and presence of learning disability) predicted the learning curves and how these individual learning curves influenced near‐transfer and far‐transfer measures. A total of 164 children diagnosed with ADHD, between the age of 8 and 12 years old, followed this new Paying Attention in Class intervention. WM (near‐transfer) and academic performance (far‐transfer) measures were assessed before treatment and directly after treatment. Results showed that individual differences at the start of training were predicted by age and intelligence quotient, but the individual differences in learning curves were not predicted by any of the baseline variables. Both for the verbal and the visuospatial WM training, children with larger training gains (i.e. steeper training curves) showed larger benefits on the near untrained transfer measures. These effects were absent for the far‐transfer measures. Current study shows that training WM is quite complex and has its limitations for children with ADHD. Nonetheless, it highlights that training and transfer gains are affected by many different factors and warrants the need of a more in‐depth investigation of individual differences in future studies.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Anisotropic Sb2Se3 Nanosheets: Gentle Exfoliation from the Bulk Precursors Possessing 1D Crystal Structure
Authors: Song Huaibing , Li Tiaoyang , Zhang Jia , Zhou Ying , Luo Jiajun , Chen Chao , Yang Bo , Ge Cong , Wu Yanqing , Tang Jiang
Published: June 2017

2D materials, particularly those bearing in‐plane anisotropic optical and electrical properties such as black phosphorus and ReS2, have spurred great research interest very recently as promising building blocks for future electronics. However, current progress is limited to layered compounds that feature atomic arrangement asymmetry within the covalently bonded planes. Herein, a series of highly anisotropic nanosheets (Sb2Se3, Sb2S3, Bi2S3, and Sb2(S, Se)3), which are composed of 1D covalently linked ribbons stacked together via van der Waals force, is introduced as a new member to the anisotropic 2D material family. These unique anisotropic nanosheets are successfully fabricated from their polymer‐like bulk counterparts through a gentle water freezing‐thawing approach. Angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy characterization confirms the strong in‐plane asymmetry of Sb2Se3 nanosheets, and photodetection study reveals their high responsivity and anisotropic in‐plane transport. This work can enlighten the synthesis and application of new anisotropic 2D nanosheets that can be potentially applied for future electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Chlorotrimethylsilane and Sodium Iodide: A Useful Combination for the Regioselective Deoxygenation of Arylalkyl‐α‐Diketones
Authors: Yuan Ling‐Zhi , Zhao Guangkuan , Hamze Abdallah , Alami Mouad , Provot Olivier
Published: June 2017

An efficient regioselective deoxygenation of arylalkyl‐1,2‐diketones by the couple trimethylsilylchloride/sodium iodide has been reported. In all cases, the deoxygenation takes place on the carbonyl group (Cα=O) proximal to the aromatic ring in methylene chloride at room temperature in good yields, furnishing a series of variously functionalized alkylbenzylketones. A large range of functional groups were well tolerated on the ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐positions by this mild process regardless of their electronic effects, demonstrating the general character of the present methodology. The trimethylsilylchloride/sodium iodide reducing process was also successfully applied to reduce α‐ketoacid and α‐ketoester substrates.

magnified image
Coaxial electrohydrodynamic atomization toward large scale production of core‐shell structured microparticles
Authors: Yan Wei‐Cheng , Tong Yen Wah , Wang Chi‐Hwa
Published: June 2017

In this work, a double‐nozzle coaxial electrohydrodynamic atomization (CEHDA) system was designed as an instructive case toward large‐scale production of core‐shell microspheres. The effect of nozzle‐to‐nozzle distance was investigated to reveal that the interference between neighboring nozzles significantly affect the product quality in terms of morphology and core‐shell structure. Optimal spacing indicated that ∼3000 nozzle/m2packing density may be achieved with minimum interference of electric field from neighboring nozzle by adjusting the nozzle‐to‐nozzle distance greater than 0.018 m. The proposed multi‐scale model also showed that the X‐component of electric field strength (Ex) at the region near side nozzles increases with increasing nozzle number, and the bending of jets/sprays at the side may be reduced by using dummy nozzle at the edge side. The model could guide the design of multi‐nozzle CEHDA system for production of core‐shell microparticles in large‐scale. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 63: 5303–5319, 2017
Safety and efficacy of recombinant activated coagulation factor VII in congenital hemophilia with inhibitors in the home treatment setting: A review of clinical studies and registries
Authors: Young Guy , Escobar Miguel A. , Pipe Steven W. , Cooper David L.
Published: June 2017

Self‐administration of factor and bypassing agents by persons with hemophilia in the home setting is recommended to facilitate earlier intervention after bleeding episodes. The objective of this review was to summarize recombinant activated coagulation factor VII (rFVIIa) safety and efficacy data from clinical trials and patient registries documenting use in the home treatment setting in people with congenital hemophilia with inhibitors (CHwI). A total of 16 studies and registries were identified for inclusion; 14 evaluated on‐demand treatment of acute bleeding episodes (865 patients, 9024 bleeding episodes) and 2 evaluated use for secondary prophylaxis (108 patients, 42,861 prophylaxis days). In the on‐demand studies, efficacy was consistently high (81%‐96%), and thrombotic events were uncommon (n = 3). In the secondary prophylaxis studies, rFVIIa was associated with a 45% to 59% reduction in bleeding episodes and no thrombotic events. These data support the clinical practice of administering rFVIIa in patients in the home treatment setting after initiation under a physician's care.
Emotional Legitimacy: The Choices We Make
Authors: Creo Robert A.
Published: June 2017

My experience is that the resolution of a lawsuit that provides economic or other benefits promotes the healing process, while pending claims or litigation perpetuates negative emotions.
Super absorbent, light, and highly flame retardant cellulose‐based aerogel crosslinked with citric acid
Authors: Kaya Mehmet
Published: June 2017

Light (0.089–0.12 g cm−3), superabsorbent (84–99 g water/1 g aerogel), and highly flame retardant non‐crosslinked cellulose aerogel (CA) and crosslinked cellulose aerogel (CL‐CA) have been successfully produced from pruning waste of blueberry tree. The prepared aerogels with three dimensional porous structure have a remarkably thermal stability and flame retardant performance, which totally burned after 136–200 s. Besides, CA and CL‐CA have an important Brunauer–Emmet–Teller surface area, which are 348 and 275 m2 g−1, respectively. The concepts of this study are simple and bio‐wastes are easily available and sustainable at low cost, and therefore, the current process is appropriate for industrial scale production and has a significant potential in the future of green materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45315.
Tragwerksplanung und Bauen im denkmalgeschützten Bestand am Beispiel der Neugestaltung des Kulturpalasts in Dresden
Authors: Pfeifer Matthias , Lindner Hendrik
Published: June 2017

Der in der zweiten Hälfte der 1960er Jahre errichtete „Palast der Kultur” war mit seinen Räumen für künstlerische Betätigung sowie seinem großen Veranstaltungssaal in der Baugeschichte der Stadt Dresden und der ehemaligen DDR ein herausragendes und einzigartiges Gebäude. Nachdem vor allem brandschutztechnische Mängel einen Weiterbetrieb in der bisherigen Form nicht mehr zuließen, hat sich die Stadt Dresden nach mehreren Studien dazu entschlossen, den Kulturpalast einer neuen multifunktionalen Nutzung zuzuführen. Das für diese herausfordernde Baumaßnahme mit der Tragwerksplanung beauftragte Ingenieurbüro ProfessorPfeiferundPartner untersuchte zuerst das vor rund 50 Jahren errichtete mehrgeschossige Bestandsgebäude umfassend auf Standsicherheit und Durchführbarkeit der geplanten, trotz Denkmalschutz durchaus erheblichen Eingriffe in die Bestandsstruktur zum Zwecke von Umgestaltungen und Nutzungsänderungen. Die weiteren Aufgaben umfassten neben der „behutsamen” Ertüchtigung verbleibender Geschossdecken die Einfügung eines neuen, modernen Konzertsaals für höchste akustische Ansprüche, was umfangreiche Abbruchmaßnahmen, schwierige Bauzustände und die Einfügung komplett neuer, weit gespannter Tragwerksteile mit sich brachte.
Doppelwand aus Ultrahochleistungsbeton
Authors: Preinstorfer Philipp , Kollegger Johann
Published: June 2017

Am Institut für Tragkonstruktionen der TU Wien wurde eine neue Konstruktionsmethode für Doppelwandelemente aus Ultrahochleistungsbetonen (UHPC) entwickelt. Durch die Verwendung dieser Betone, mit ihren in Bezug auf Dauerhaftigkeit und Festigkeit sehr guten Eigenschaften, ist es möglich, die Wanddicken der Doppelwandelemente auf bis zu 30 mm zu reduzieren. Damit einhergehend kommt es zu einer Reduktion der Transport‐ und Montagekosten bzw. auch des Platzbedarfs im Endzustand. Problematisch dabei sind vor allem die glatte Oberfläche an den Innenseiten der UHPC‐Wandelemente, wodurch die Verbundfugentragfähigkeit wesentlich reduziert wird, sowie die geringe Verankerungstiefe der Verbindungsmittel. Die neu entwickelte Konstruktionsmethode bietet einen praktikablen Lösungsansatz für diese Problemstellungen, um eine funktionsfähige Doppelwand aus Ultrahochleistungsbeton herzustellen. Dazu wurden zahlreiche Voruntersuchungen durchgeführt sowie aufbauend darauf Prototypen geplant und hergestellt, um die Funktionsfähigkeit nachzuweisen. In diesem Beitrag wird der prinzipielle Lösungsansatz näher erläutert und im Anschluss daran auf die Planung und den Bau der Prototypen eingegangen. Am Ende werden offene Fragestellungen diskutiert und Zukunftsperspektiven gegeben.
Highly Efficient One‐Pot Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazole via BTI‐mediated Oxidation of N‐Acylhydrazone from Hydrazide and Aldehyde
Authors: Yan Xinhao , Lee Goeun , Noh Kyung Tak , Lee Hyeonjin , Kim Hakwon , Lee Kyu Hyung , Hur Nam Hwi , Lee Byeongno , Park Young Jun
Published: June 2017

2,5‐Disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles are prepared in excellent yields (up to 97%) under totally solvent‐free conditions by the quantitative formation of N‐acylhydrazone from the reaction of a hydrazide with an aldehyde using a ball‐mill for 10 min at room temperature followed by oxidation with BTI at 80°C for 1h.
Structural Motifs for Modeling Sulfur‐Poly(acrylonitrile) Composite Materials in Sulfur‐Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhu Tianwei , Mueller Jonathan E. , Hanauer Matthias , Sauter Ulrich , Jacob Timo
Published: June 2017

Key structural motifs of cyclized‐poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and sulfur/PAN composite (SPAN) are identified and their energies are evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). Energetically favorable structural motifs are utilized to design smaller representative molecular models of both PAN and SPAN for in‐depth investigations. A zig‐zag configuration with multiple kink sites is energetically favorable for PAN materials, with the carbon kink site being the most reactive site. To form SPAN, sulfur binds to this kink site, resulting in structures typically containing S=C double bonds at kink sites and S chains that bridge between neighboring PAN fragments. It is found that the formation of large sulfur rings is possible because they are flexible enough to accommodate their length to the shape of the PAN fragment.
An Exceptionally Water Stable Metal–Organic Framework with Amide‐Functionalized Cages: Selective CO2/CH4 Uptake and Removal of Antibiotics and Dyes from Water
Authors: Jin Wei‐Guang , Chen Wei , Xu Pei‐Hang , Lin Xin‐Wen , Huang Xiao‐Chun , Chen Guang‐Hui , Lu Fushen , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: June 2017

As the main organic pollutants in wastewater, antibiotics and organic dyes are harmful to the environment and public health, and their removal is important but challenging. In this work, highly porous 3D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [M2(PDAD)(H2O)]n (PCN‐124‐stu; M=Cu, Zn; H4PDAD = 5,5′‐(pyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonyl)bis(azanediyl)diisophthalic acid) were synthesized, and PCN‐124‐stu(Cu) shows excellent chemical and thermal stability. PCN‐124‐stu(Cu) was used as a host for efficient extraction of various organic dyes, especially the large‐molecule dye Coomassie brilliant blue, and fluoroquinolones from water, in comparison with five common MOFs, zeolite 13X, and activated carbon. PCN‐124‐stu(Cu) exhibits absolute predominance for fluoroquinolone adsorption among these microporous materials because of the H‐bonds between fluoroquinolone molecules and the amide groups in the frameworks, except for MIL‐100(Cr), which is a mesoporous MOF. Moreover, PCN‐124‐stu(Cu) could release fluoroquinolones slowly in physiological saline and retained its framework structure after four adsorption/desorption cycles. In addition, PCN‐124‐stu(Cu) can be used as a platform for selective adsorption of CO2/CH4.
Futtersuche im Blitzlichtgewitter
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: June 2017

Blitzlichtfische suchen nachts nach Nahrung und beleuchten dazu ihre Umgebung mit Hilfe von zwei Leuchtorganen unter den Augen. Darin befinden sich symbiontische Leuchtbakterien, die als Nebenprodukt einer Oxidation blau‐grünes Licht aussenden.
Ceria Nanoparticles as Enzyme Mimetics
Authors: Wang Guohua , Zhang Junzhe , He Xiao , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhao Yuliang
Published: June 2017

In the past decades, enzyme mimetics based on ceria nanoparticles (nanoceria) have been developed as potential substitutes for nature enzymes. The mixed valence states of cerium and the patterns of oxygen vacancies on crystal planes result in different enzyme mimetic activities. In this review we survey the bio‐applications of nanoceria‐based enzyme mimetics as well as the underlying mechanisms. Factors influencing the enzyme mimetic activities and future perspective of nanoceria‐based enzyme mimetics are also addressed.
Parallelization of group‐based skyline computation for multi‐core processors
Authors: Zhu Haoyang , Zhu Peidong , Li Xiaoyong , Liu Qiang , Xun Peng
Published: June 2017

Skyline computation is particularly useful in multi‐criteria decision‐making applications. However, it is inadequate to answer queries that need to analyze not only individual points but also groups of points. Compared to the traditional skyline computation, computing group‐based skyline is much more complicated and expensive. This computational challenge promotes us to use modern computing platforms to accelerate the computation. In this paper, we introduce a novel multi‐core algorithm to compute group‐based skyline. We first compute the skyline layers of a data set in parallel, which are a critical intermediate result. In the algorithm, we maintain an efficiently updatable data structure for the shared global skyline layers, which is used to minimize dominance tests and maintain high throughput. Then we design an efficient parallel algorithm to find group‐based skyline based on the skyline layers. Extensive experimental results on real and synthetic data sets show that our algorithms achieve 10‐fold speedup with 16 parallel threads over state‐of‐the‐art sequential algorithms on challenging workloads.
(Electro)chemical Oxidation of 6,13‐Bis[tri(isopropyl)silylethynyl]pentacene to its Radical Cation and Dication
Authors: Schundelmeier Simon , Speiser Bernd , Bettinger Holger F. , Einholz Ralf
Published: June 2017

6,13‐Bis[tri(isopropyl)silylethynyl]pentacene is a prototypical molecule for organic semiconductor and photovoltaic materials, which makes its electrochemical (redox) properties highly interesting. However, previous cyclic voltammetric studies have provided only limited information. Kinetic and persistence information and identification of the oxidation product(s) and their further reaction or oxidation have not been reported. Thus, an extended electrochemical and spectroscopic investigation of this compound was conducted in CH2Cl2 and THF electrolytes at Pt electrodes. The electrochemically and chemically generated radical cation of the title compound was characterized by using ESR and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical modeling. In CH2Cl2, further oxidation to a dication with chemical reversibility at fast timescales but follow‐up reactivity at slow timescales was observed. Pertinent parameters of the electron transfers (formal potentials E0, electron transfer rate constants ks, electron stoichiometry n) were determined. The diffusion coefficients, D, in the two electrolytes were estimated from electrochemical and pulse gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR spectroscopy data. Simulations of cyclic voltammograms supported the proposed oxidation mechanism and allowed the estimation of further reaction parameters.
Pathways for effects of small‐scale disturbances on a rare plant: How Mimulus angustatus benefits from gopher mounds
Authors: Underwood Nora , Inouye Brian D.
Published: June 2017

Small‐scale soil disturbances such as soil mounds produced by gophers are known to influence local plant communities. A variety of mechanisms might account for the influence of gopher disturbances on individual plant success, but understanding of these mechanisms is not well developed. Disturbances are often assumed to affect plants through changing competition or the abiotic environment, but disturbances might also influence plant size, which in turn influences other biotic interactions, including pollination. In this study, we tested for effects of soil disturbance on the density, flower size, and reproduction of an annual plant, Mimulus angustatus. We used soil disturbance manipulations, observational data, and a pollination experiment to examine two possible pathways for effects of disturbance on M. angustatus: competition and pollination. We also considered how effects of gopher mounds change with years since initial disturbance. We found that disturbance strongly increased the local density and flower size of M. angustatus, but the strength of these effects decays quickly. We found no support for these effects being mediated by competition with other plant species. We also found that M. angustatus with larger flowers receive more natural pollination. Our pollination experiment suggests that M. angustatus benefits from pollination (seed set increases with hand pollination or access to pollinators), and suggests that pollen limitation may occur. Taken together, our results indicate that increased pollination and seed set is an alternative response to disturbance that should receive further consideration. Regardless of the exact mechanism, it appears that in the absence of frequent small‐scale soil disturbance, M. angustatus would not persist at our field site, as a large majority of plant recruitment and seed set occurs on recent disturbances.
Anthropogenic factors predict movement of an invasive species
Authors: Tabak Michael A. , Piaggio Antoinette J. , Miller Ryan S. , Sweitzer Richard A. , Ernest Holly B.
Published: June 2017

Humans are playing an increasingly large role in the expansion of invasive species' distributions, but few (if any) studies have evaluated anthropogenic factors associated with intentional translocation of invasives. The wild pig (Sus scrofa) is an extremely destructive and rapidly expanding invasive species whose movement is thought to be facilitated by humans. We sought to (1) identify a suite of genetic markers that can be applied to population genetic analyses of wild pigs, (2) find quantitative evidence of human‐mediated dispersal of wild pigs, and (3) determine which anthropogenic factors were associated with their translocation. We identified 43 polymorphic microsatellite loci and employed population genetic analyses to evaluate population structure and movement of wild pigs among populations in California, USA. Hierarchical Bayesian models were used to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic covariates on wild pig movement, and to predict migration risk. Natural dispersal of wild pigs among populations was low, as indicated by a large number of genetic clusters (K = 21), significant population differentiation, and low rates of recent migration. This suggests that the observed movement resulted from human‐mediated translocation. Movement of pigs was positively predicted by the number of domestic pig farms, the number of captive game hunting farms, the amount of public land, the number of wild pigs harvested by hunters, and the number of game outfitters. While hunting has been hypothesized to play a role in wild pig movement, our study is the first to provide quantitative evidence of such a relationship. We argue that future efforts to manage invasive species must consider the potential role of humans in their dispersal.
Investigation of HRT effects on membrane fouling in sequencing batch membrane bioreactor with respect to batch filtration mode
Authors: Hasani Zonoozi M. , Moghaddam M.R. Alavi , Maknoon R.
Published: June 2017

Membrane fouling in sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) was studied with respect to batch filtration mode at the two hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 16 h (SBMBR1) and 48 h (SBMBR2). Investigating the characteristics of batch filtration phases illustrated different TMP (Transmembrane Pressure) changing trends at the two HRTs. In SBMBR1, TMP rising rates per cycle were remarkably high and represented an increasing trend versus the filtration number, while in SBMBR2, TMP rising rates per cycle were comparatively low and did not change much with increase of the number of filtration. Larger particle sizes of the bulk sludge resulted in formation of a reversible cake layer on the membrane surface in SBMBR1. In the contrary, smaller particle sizes of the bulk sludge in SBMBR2 induced an internal pore blocking of the membrane, which was less reversible. In addition to cake layer formation, higher SMP content of the bulk sludge along with the accelerating effect of the higher filtration frequency resulted in the higher values of TMP rising rate per cycle in SBMBR1. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1785–1793, 2017
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt does not independently increase risk of death in high model for end stage liver disease patients
Authors: Spengler Erin K. , Hunsicker Lawrence G. , Zarei Sanam , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Voigt Michael D.
Published: June 2017

Physicians often exclude patients with a model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score ≥ 18 from a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure due to the concern for higher risk of death. We aimed to determine if TIPS increased the risk of death in these patients. We analyzed the interaction between TIPS and MELD in 106 patients with TIPS and 79 with intractable ascites without TIPS. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression, including both TIPS and MELD as time‐dependent covariates together with their interaction, to calculate the impact of TIPS on the risk of death associated with a high MELD score. We found a negative interaction between a high MELD score and a history of TIPS, with potentially important effect sizes. Patients with MELD scores ≥18 had a 51% lower incremental risk of death (lower risk than would be expected from the combined independent risks of MELD and needing/receiving TIPS) associated with TIPS than patients with MELD scores <18 (hazard ratio for TIPS, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.10‐2.45) in the first 6 months following TIPS. There was an 80% lower incremental risk of death among patients with a MELD score ≥18 (hazard ratio for TIPS, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.03‐1.23) 6 months after the TIPS procedure.

Conclusion: Risk of death is associated with underlying disease severity as shown by the MELD score and the need for TIPS, and both history of TIPS and high MELD score independently increased the risk of mortality. However, the risk of death after TIPS was progressively lower than expected as the MELD score increased. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:460–468)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the ongoing role of liver biopsy evaluation
Authors: Brunt Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2017

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common underlying causes of chronically elevated liver tests and liver disease in adults and children worldwide and may be strongly suspected if not diagnosed by ever evolving and available serologic and imaging‐based noninvasive tests. However, the definitive diagnosis of the most progressive form of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and the identification of fibrosis stage still require liver biopsy evaluation as noninvasive testing has not replaced some of the specifics or the totality of information obtainable from liver biopsy. In this review, both the role and value of a liver biopsy evaluation in NAFLD/ nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are examined from publications related to a selected variety of settings. Details of the most commonly used semiquantitative methods of analysis are discussed, and some useful potential pitfalls for differential diagnostic consideration in liver biopsy interpretation are given. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:370–378)
Effect of orally administered zinc oxide nanoparticles on albino rat thymus and spleen
Authors: Abass Marwa A. , Selim Sally A. , Selim Assmaa O. , El‐Shal Amal S. , Gouda Zienab A.
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of oral intake of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the structure of thymus and spleen. Twenty‐four young male Wistar albino rats were assigned into two groups: group I (control) and group II (ZnO NPs treated group).The thymus and spleen were analyzed biochemically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically. After ZnO NPs intake, hematologically, the total leucocytic count was significantly increased while the RBCs and platelets counts and Hb % were significantly decreased. Biochemically, a significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 4 and 10 (IL‐4 and IL‐10) levels was noted. While a significant increase in splenic and thymic malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA shearing, as well as the studied proinflammatory cytokines; IL‐1β, tumor necrotic factor (TNF‐α) and interferon (INF‐γ) levels was detected. Notably, we noted upregulation of the immunomodulatory [CD3, CD11b, heme oxygenase (HO‐1)] and the inflammatory [toll‐like receptor 4 and 6 (TLR4 and TLR6)] genes. Histopathologically, degenerative changes were detected in thymus and spleen of ZnO NPs treated group. While the immunohistochemical analysis of the ZnO NPs treated group revealed a decrease in the number of cells expressed positive reactions of anti‐PCNA and an increase in the number of cells expressed positive reaction of anti‐p53 in the thymus and spleen. In conclusion, ZnO NPs induced obvious immunotoxicity in the thymus and spleen, where oxidative/inflammatory pathway may be the potential mechanism underlying this immunotoxicity. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(7):528–539, 2017