bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling effects of climate change on crop phenology and yield of wheat–maize cropping system and exploring sustainable solutions
Authors: Chauhdary Junaid Nawaz , Li Hong , Pan Xuwei , Zaman Muhammad , Anjum Shakeel Ahmad , Yang Fan , Akbar Nadeem , Azamat Urunbayev
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Wheat–maize cropping systems in semi‐arid regions are expected to be affected by climate change in the future, which is alarming for global food security, environmental sustainability and socioeconomic development. Therefore, management practices like optimized plant geometry and fertilization need to be explored to counter these expected threats. To do this, the APSIM model was calibrated using 5‐year data (from 2017/2018 to 2022) regarding yield, biomass, plant height, emergence, anthesis and crop maturity of wheat and maize from farmer fields.

RESULTS

The performance of a model run was assessed using root mean square error, normalized root mean square error, coefficient of residual mass, coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, whose average was 1.59, 0.13, 0.001, 0.84 and 0.78, respectively, for calibration while 2.75, 0.20, −0.009, 0.80 and 0.75, respectively, for validation. Regarding crop phenology, it was modelled that the emergence, anthesis and maturity were earlier by 7–9 days, 8–10 days and 2–6 days, respectively, for wheat; 6–10 days, 13–20 days and 16–24 days, respectively, for spring maize; 3–5 days, 5–11 days and 8–19 days, respectively, for autumn maize under different climate change scenarios in near to far future. Simulations revealed the average reduction in the yield of wheat, spring maize and autumn maize by 11.5%, 11.8% and 11.0%, respectively, in near future (2025–2065) while 17.5%, 20.5% and 17.0%, respectively, in far future (2066–2100). Further, simulations discovered the potential of higher levels of fertilization (nitrogen = 60–100 kg ha−1 and phosphorus = 40–75 kg ha−1 for wheat while nitrogen = 75–120 kg ha−1 and phosphorus = 40–80 kg ha−1 for maize) and plant density (100 to 150 plants m−2 for wheat and 8 to 13 plants m−2 for maize) to enhance the yield of wheat, spring maize and autumn maize by 31–36%, 22–38% and 26–43%, respectively, in near future while 33–38%, 21–55% and 19–31%, respectively, in far future.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings underscore the effects of climate change on wheat–maize cropping systems and the importance of implementing optimized fertilization and adjusting plant density to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, thereby safeguarding food security and sustaining agricultural productivity. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
A mixed‐methods investigation of a digital mental health tool to manage posttrauma anger
Authors: Metcalf Olivia , Pham Le , Lamb Karen E. , Zaloumis Sophie , O'Donnell Meaghan L. , Qian Tianchen , Varker Tracey , Cowlishaw Sean , Forbes David
Published: January 2025

Problematic anger affects up to 30% of individuals who have experienced trauma. Digital mental health approaches, such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA) delivered via smartphone and wearable devices (i.e., wearables), hold significant potential for the development of novel digital technology treatments. The objective of this cohort study was to examine the acceptability, feasibility, and outcomes from 10 days of usage of a digital mental health tool combining EMA and wearable use among trauma‐exposed adults with problematic anger. We used mixed methods to examine feasibility and acceptability and explored quantitative changes in mental health symptoms among participants over the study period (N = 98, 80.4% women, Mage = 38 years). Quantitative and qualitative data revealed that regular EMA combined with a wearable was feasible and acceptable in the sample. We observed reductions in problem anger, p < .001, repeated‐measures d (dRM) = ‐0.81, 95% CI [‐1.04, ‐0.59]; and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, p = .025, dRM = ‐0.26, 95% CI [‐0.55, ‐0.03], over the 10 days of monitoring. Qualitative findings suggest that by regularly “checking in” on anger symptoms, participants improved their self‐awareness and ability to self‐manage their mood. These findings provide valuable learnings for building future personalized digital mental health tools.
Quercetin Reduces the Susceptibility to Cardiac Reperfusion Arrhythmias in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Domingos Ainá E. , Breves Cíntia M. da Costa , Boa Luiz F. , de Souza Itanna I. A. , Maciel Leonardo , Seara Fernando A. C. , Fortunato Rodrigo S. , Nascimento Jose H. M.
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Decrease in female sex hormones during menopause increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, mainly ischemic heart disease (IHD). Quercetin, a flavonoid, has beneficial properties in CVDs due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin on susceptibility to cardiac reperfusion arrhythmias and mitochondrial function in ovariectomized rats (OVX). Three‐month‐old Wistar female rats were randomly assigned to the following experimental groups: SHAM‐operated, vehicle‐treated (DMSO 10% + PBS, 1 mL kg−1); OVX (vehicle‐treated); and OVX+Q (25 mg·kg−1). The three experimental groups were carried out for 4 weeks (five times a week) by oral gavage. Quercetin treatment effectively decreased myocardial infarct size and susceptibility to reperfusion arrhythmias. Quercetin treatment was also effective in preventing mitochondrial swelling, while increased ATP production compared to the OVX group. In conclusion, our results indicate that quercetin could have a therapeutic effect in preventing some of the pathophysiological changes caused by low estrogen levels in the cardiovascular system.
Wideband Circularly Polarized Conformal Dielectric Resonator Antenna for High Gain Applications
Authors: Parvathi V. L. , Rajput Anil , Raut R. B. , Mukherjee Biswajeet
Published: January 2025

A compact and circularly polarized convex dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) is investigated in this communication. Eigenmode method is used to analyze electromagnetic field propagation and resonant frequency of the antenna. Benefits of conformal structure over a planar surface are mentioned. A pair of vertical slots are introduced on the ground plane to produce orthogonal degenerate modes. Finally, the proposed curved DRA provides a fractional impedance bandwidth of 22%, axial ratio bandwidth of 11.27% and a stable gain of more than 5 dBi over the desired passband with a peak gain of 7 dBi. To validate the simulated results, a prototype is fabricated and measured.
Concurrent Nasal Symptoms in Non‐Rhinogenic Headache
Authors: Jang David W. , Wang Avivah J. , Hachem Ralph Abi , Goldstein Bradley J. , Witsell David L. , Godley Frederick , Jiang Rong
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to characterize concurrent nasal symptoms in a cohort of patients with non‐rhinogenic headache (NRH) presenting to an otolaryngology clinic.

Study Design

A prospective cohort.

Setting

Single tertiary care institution.

Methods

Adults with NRH were recruited over a 2‐year period (February 2021 to February 2023). Patients were eligible if they endorsed midfacial pain or pressure for at least 10 days a month over the previous 3 months and had no evidence of rhinosinusitis on both nasal endoscopy and computed tomography imaging. Study participants used a mobile application to keep a daily log of their facial pain/pressure, nasal congestion, and nasal mucus/discharge. Symptom severity was scored on a scale from 1 (none) to 10 (worst) for 30 consecutive days. Repeated measures correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate overall or common intra‐individual association for each symptom.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients were enrolled, and they completed the 30‐day symptom log. Median (range) scores were 5 (1‐10), 4 (1‐10), and 2 (1‐10) for facial pain/pressure, congestion, and mucus, respectively. Patients had significant day‐to‐day fluctuations in scores for all 3 symptoms, with a significant positive correlation between symptoms: congestion/mucus (r = 0.74181, P < .0001), congestion/facial pain (r = 0.5873, P = .001), and mucus/facial pain (r = 0.49384, P = .0076).

Conclusion

Patients with NRH often have concurrent nasal symptoms. Moreover, nasal congestion, mucus, and facial pain/pressure had significant correlations in day‐to‐day fluctuations in severity. Our findings suggest the possibility that all three symptoms share a common pathophysiology.
Characteristics analysis of failure envelope for fiber‐reinforced plastic and its dependence on the ratio of uniaxial strength
Authors: Zhang Shufeng , Pang Xiaofei , Song Guofeng , He Yonglyu , Huang Liwen , Chen Xun
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the characteristics of the FRP failure envelope under combined compression‐shear loading, basing on experimental, theoretical and simulation analysis. The observed discrepancies in the PUCK criterion are shown to depend heavily on the ratio of transverse compressive strength to longitudinal shear strength. Meanwhile, the representative volume element (RVE) models are employed to analysis microscale factors influencing the FRP failure envelope. The results indicate that the failure envelope is significantly influenced by the interface reinforcement coefficient, which is strongly correlated with the ratio of uniaxial compressive strength to shear strength. The significance of this ratio lies in its macroscopic reflection of the interface reinforcement coefficient, and errors can be decreased by modifying the failure criterion according to this ratio. This main finding of this work is to reveal the dependence of the FRP failure envelope on the ratio of uniaxial strengths. On this basis, the optimal values for the inclined angle parameters in the PUCK failure criterion are proposed in relation to FRPs with varying interface reinforcement coefficients, which offering valuable insights for improving the accuracy of FRP failure predictions.

Highlights

The interface reinforcement coefficient can influence biaxial failure envelope.

Improving the slope parameter can considerably lower the prediction error.

Dependence of failure envelope on the ratio of uniaxial strength was clarified.
Thermoplastic‐based composites from treated Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merrill. fibers: A bibliometric analysis and literature review on dynamic mechanical analysis
Authors: Khoo Pui San , Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf , Nordin Abu Hassan , Ashraf Waqas , Hazrati Kamaruddin Zatil , Lee Seng Hua , Rafidah Mazlan
Published: January 2025

The decline in petroleum resources has motivated researchers to explore Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merrill. or sugar palm fiber (SPF), a promising lignocellulosic fiber from Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, in biocomposite applications. SPF primarily comprises cellulose, which provides excellent mechanical properties for domestic products, including brushes, ropes, twine, roofs, and brooms. Numerous studies have investigated SPF‐reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites' thermal, physical, and mechanical properties, investigating factors such as stacking sequence, chemical treatment, fiber size, loading, and orientation. However, a comprehensive review of the dynamic mechanical performance of Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merrill. composites are still lacking. As a result, this review provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis coupled with a literature review focused on thermoplastic‐based composites utilizing SPFs. This study systematically evaluates the evolution of research in this domain by analyzing publication trends, citation networks, and key contributors over the past two decades. Furthermore, the review highlights critical advancements in the treatment methods of SPFs, their incorporation into thermoplastic matrices, and the subsequent effects on dynamic mechanical properties, specifically focusing on storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping behavior. This review aims to expand current knowledge on the dynamic mechanical behavior of SPF‐reinforced thermoplastic biocomposites for engineering applications.

Highlights

SPF is a promising fiber from Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia.

SPF primarily consists of cellulose, which exhibits excellent mechanical properties.

DMA is the preferred method to reveal details about heterogeneous biocomposite systems.

Optimal SPF is effective in restricting molecular chain mobility to improve DMA performance.

Hybrid SPF with other fibers in sequence improves biocomposites' DMA performance.
Coumarins in the Flavedo of Citrus limon Varieties—Ethanol and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extractions With HPLC‐DAD Quantification
Authors: Alperth Fabian , Pogrilz Bettina , Schrammel Astrid , Bucar Franz
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Peels are an abundant but still underutilized waste product in the Citrus fruit industry. They contain coumarins with antiadipogenic potential that could be promising targets in new valorization strategies for Citrus peels.

Objectives

In this study, these coumarins, that is, citropten, bergamottin, and 5‐geranyloxy‐7‐methoxycoumarin (5G7MC), were investigated in Citrus limon peels of different commercial varieties by HPLC‐DAD after extraction with ethanol and choline chloride‐based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as alternative extraction agents in green natural product extraction.

Results

Target coumarins were almost exclusively found in the flavedo (exocarp) peel layer and in whole peel samples, but not in the albedo (mesocarp) layer. Flavedo samples from varieties “Verdelli” (ES) and “Lisbon” (ZA) showed particularly high concentrations in ethanolic extracts. When applying NADES extraction, best results for citropten were achieved with malonic acid, 1,2‐propanediol, and citric acid as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), with higher yields than the reference solvent ethanol. For bergamottin and 5G7MC, promising results were obtained for 1,2‐propanediol as HBD, though lower yields than with ethanol. The possible chlorination of coumarin epoxides byakangelicol and oxypeucedanin was recognized for acidic NADES in LC–MS analysis.

Conclusion

Overall, C. limon peels proved to be a relevant starting material for valorization through coumarin extraction with ethanol and NADES.
Intramuscular methylergonovine to decrease blood loss during cesarean delivery for twins: A triple‐blinded placebo‐controlled randomized trial
Authors: Gomez Slagle Helen B. , Miller Russell , Bejerano Shai , Goffman Dena , D'alton Mary E. , Mourad Mirella
Published: January 2025

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate whether prophylactic administration of intramuscular (IM) methylergonovine after cord clamping reduces blood loss during planned cesarean delivery (CD) of twin pregnancies.

Method

This single‐center randomized placebo‐controlled triple‐blinded trial compared the effects of IM methylergonovine versus saline placebo control on maternal blood loss at CD. Pregnant individuals with twin gestations at ≥ 34 weeks of gestation undergoing planned CD were enrolled. Methylergonovine or saline placebo was administered immediately after umbilical cord clamping of the second twin in addition to standard oxytocin prophylaxis. The primary outcome was a change in mean maternal hemoglobin (Hgb) level from preoperative to postoperative day 1 (POD 1). Secondary outcomes include intraoperative blood loss, additional uterotonic use, and rates of postpartum hemorrhage and transfusion. We planned to enroll 66 patients to detect a standard deviation (SD) greater drop in postoperative maternal Hgb, assuming −1.40 (± 0.83) g/dL Hgb difference after planned CDs (90% power, alpha 0.05). Pearson chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, t‐test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test with intent‐to‐treat principles were performed as appropriate. A linear regression model was performed on the primary outcome.

Results

A total of 66 patients (33 methylergonovine and 33 placebo) were randomized. There were no demographic differences between methylergonovine and placebo groups. Median gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks for both groups. Mean Hgb drop on POD 1 was 1.1 g/dL (SD 0.7 g/dL) for methylergonovine and 2.1 g/dL (SD 0.9 g/dL) for placebo (p < 0.001). Quantitative blood loss was significantly lower in patients receiving prophylactic methylergonovine (891 vs. 1017 mL, p = 0.003). Postpartum hemorrhage rates were lower in the methylergonovine group (18.2% vs. 54.5%, p = 0.002). There were seven cases of unblinding due to hemorrhage in the placebo group compared to no cases in the methylergonovine group (p = 0.01); all unblinded subjects received methylergonovine.

Conclusion

Prophylactic IM methylergonovine administered after umbilical cord clamping during twin CD significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss and hemoglobin drop on POD 1. These data support further study of methylergonovine as a preventative treatment strategy at the time of twin CD.
Increase in IAA levels by EPSPS copy number variation relates to fitness advantage in Eleusine indica
Authors: Chen Jingchao , Cui Hailan , Li Zhiling , Yu Haiyan , Yu Qin , Li Xiangju
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Long‐term use of chemical weed control has led to some weedy species evolving herbicide resistance traits with fitness advantage. Our previous studies revealed glyphosate resistance in an Eleusine indica population due to copy number variation of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) comes with fitness advantage under non‐competitive conditions. Here, transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics were used to investigate physiological basis associated with the fitness advantage.

RESULTS

Relative copy number of EPSPS gene and plant dry weight of the glyphosate‐resistant (R) population was 88.3‐ and 1.2‐ times, respectively, higher than that in the wild type (WT) plants that were isolated from within the R population. Seven genes were screened to be relevant to fitness growth trait by RNA‐seq. The level of aromatic amino acids Tryptophan (Trp), Phenylalanine (Phe) and Tyrosine (Tyr), products in the shikimate pathway catalyzed by EPSPS, was 1.2‐times higher in R compared to the WT plants. The metabolites associated with Trp metabolism indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), 3‐indolepropionic acid (IPA), indole‐3‐acetamide (IAM) in the R plants were 2.0‐, 1.8‐ and 1.4‐ times higher than that in the WT plants, respectively.

CONCLUSION

All the results indicate that fitness advantage in the studied R E. indica population may be caused by higher IAA production due to over‐expression of the EPSPS gene and pleiotropically by elevated carbon metabolism. The findings in this research can provide reference information for control strategies to the glyphosate‐resistant E. indica. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterization of Graphene and Indium Tin Oxynitride Thin Films for Use as Layers in Resistive Memories
Authors: Sparvoli Marina , Mansano Ronaldo D. , Jorge Fábio O. , Rangel Ricardo Cardoso , Lenz e Silva Guilherme F. B. , Chubaci José F. D.
Published: January 2025

Graphene is a two‐dimensional material, comprising sp²‐hybridized carbon atoms organized in a hexagonal lattice. An application of this material lies in resistive random‐access memories (ReRAMs). In this work, resistive memory devices with three layers were manufactured. Graphene thin films were deposited by dip coating on indium tin oxynitride (ITON) electrodes. For the ITON contacts, indium tin oxide was evaporated in an oxygen atmosphere and subsequently annealed with a nitrogen flow atmosphere in a conventional furnace at different temperatures: 350, 400, 500 and 550 °C. The evaporation technique was employed to produce aluminum as top contacts. For graphene and ITON characterization, structural analysis of Raman, electrical measurements through Hall effect and optical UV – Vis measurements were performed. Resistive memories were also characterized through I × V analysis. The devices can be characterized as unipolar, with threshold switching attributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies. ITON was deposited with a substantial layer, containing oxygen, while graphene, with an average thickness of 30 nm measured by profilometer, forms a thinner layer. During the voltage increase and subsequent decrease, it is postulated that the oxygen vacancies within this material may migrate towards the intermediate layer, graphene, due to its reduced thickness and defects.
Right Heart Catheterization Accurately Diagnoses Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease: Results From a Long‐Term Cohort Study
Authors: Torres‐Rojas María Berenice , Navarro‐Vergara Dulce Iliana , García‐Cesar Marisol , Acosta‐Altamirano Gustavo , González‐Hermosillo Leslie Marisol , Escobedo Galileo , Cueto‐Robledo Guillermo
Published: January 2025

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can lead to pulmonary hypertension (ILD‐PH), worsening prognosis and increasing mortality. Diagnosing ILD‐PH is challenging due to the limitations of imaging methods. Right heart catheterization (RHC) is the gold standard for diagnosing PH but is limited to ILD patients considered for lung transplantation. This study assessed the usefulness of RHC in diagnosing ILD‐PH in a large cohort of 105 patients followed for at least 72 months, examining hemodynamic parameters for survival analysis. We conducted an ambispective cohort study, diagnosing PH as mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 20 mmHg, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure < 15 mmHg, and pulmonary vascular resistance > 2 Wood units by RHC. We registered demographic, biochemical, echocardiographic, respiratory, and hemodynamic parameters for survival analyses. Using RHC, we found a PH prevalence of 84.7% among ILD patients who previously exhibited an intermediate‐to‐high probability of PH by echocardiography. Thirty‐nine ILD‐PH patients died, yielding a 5‐year survival rate of 35%, whereas ILD patients without PH had a survival rate of 100%. Connective tissue disease‐associated ILD and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features were the predominant ILD subtypes in ILD‐PH patients. The ILD‐PH group had worse pulmonary function, lower forced vital capacity, and more severe hypoxemia. Kaplan–Meier analyses showed significantly lower survival rates in ILD‐PH patients with a 6‐min walking distance < 360 m, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio < 0.35 mm/mmHg, venous oxygen saturation < 65%, and pulmonary artery compliance < 2.2 mm/mmHg. RHC accurately characterizes ILD‐PH and provides long‐term survival predictors.
Distributed Optimization for Heterogenous Multi‐Agent Systems Under DoS Attacks: Resilient Double‐Layer Sampling Filtering Framework
Authors: Wu Han‐Yu , Liu Qingshan , Park Ju H.
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the distributed optimization for heterogenous multi‐agent systems (MASs) under zero‐topology Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attacks, where the attacks are launched within the communication channels. A novel filtering attack framework is proposed based on the periodic sampling and event‐triggering mechanism to counteract the impact of the attacks. Under this framework, the consumption of communication resources is reduced, and the minimum lower boundary of triggering time can be obtained to avoid the occurrence of Zeno behavior. Moreover, the relationship between the equilibrium point and optimal solution of heterogenous MASs under DoS attacks is revealed by employing a proportional‐integral strategy. Furthermore, constructing an auxiliary system guarantees the output consensus and global exponential convergence of the MAS. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show that the proposed approach has a faster convergence rate and better robust performance against DoS attacks.
Bayesian Analysis of Censored Linear Mixed‐Effects Models for Heavy‐Tailed Irregularly Observed Repeated Measures
Authors: Zhong Kelin , Schumacher Fernanda L. , Castro Luis M. , Lachos Víctor H.
Published: January 2025

The use of mixed‐effect models to understand the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the progression of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been the cornerstone of longitudinal data analysis in recent years. However, data from HIV/AIDS clinical trials have several complexities. Some of the most common recurrences are related to the situation where the HIV viral load can be undetectable, and the measures of the patient can be registered irregularly due to some problems in the data collection. Although censored mixed‐effects models assuming conditionally independent normal random errors are commonly used to analyze this data type, this model may need to be more appropriate for accommodating outlying observations and responses recorded at irregular intervals. Consequently, in this paper, we propose a Bayesian analysis of censored linear mixed‐effects models that replace Gaussian assumptions with a flexible class of distributions, such as the scale mixture of normal family distributions, considering a damped exponential correlation structure that was employed to account for within‐subject autocorrelation among irregularly observed measures. For this complex structure, Stan's default No‐U‐Turn
sampler is utilized to obtain posterior simulations. The feasibility of the proposed methods was demonstrated through several simulation studies and their application to two AIDS case studies.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Films Integrated with Wavy Structured Design for Wearable Bioelectronics
Authors: Yang Xue , Huang Tao , Gao Chang , Wu Peiru , Hu Zhiqi , Wu Lingling , Jia Haonan , Li Qingsong , Li Qian , Wang Chengyu , Zhao Robert Chunhua , Cao Rong
Published: January 2025

The integration of hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with flexible electronic technologies offers a promising strategy for monitoring detailed health information, owing to their inherent porosity, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable catalytic capabilities. However, their application in wearable and real‐time health monitoring remains largely unexplored, primarily due to the mechanical mismatch between the traditionally fragile HOFs particles and the softness of human skin. Herein, this study demonstrates an epidermal biosensor that maintains reliable sensing capability even under extreme deformation and complex environmental conditions by integrating HOFs films with wavy bioelectrodes. This wearable biosensor demonstrates ultrasensitive detection capabilities, with a limit of detection of 49.64 nM, and accurately measures nutritional content in sweat while conforming to curved skin surfaces. The sensor's performance is comparable to those obtained using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). More strikingly, scratched HOFs films can be regenerated through a simple solvent rinsing process, enabling their reuse in the fabrication of new biosensors and offering a significant advantage over conventional sensing materials. This work has the potential to inspire the development of more flexible electronic devices, leveraging the structural adaptability and diversity of HOFs for personalized healthcare applications and real‐time health monitoring.
Photoresponsive Bio‐Heterojunctions Eliciting Immunogenicity to Prevent Infection Recurrence and Accelerating Chronic Wound Regeneration
Authors: Yang Yingming , Liang Kunneng , Zhou Zilin , Tu Yuanyuan , Li Meng , Wang Ziyou , Deng Yi , Li Jiyao
Published: January 2025

Dynamic therapy utilizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) to antibacterial and enhance the innate immune system to treat bacterial infections. If ROS levels are too low, the elimination of pathogens and the enhancement of innate immunity cannot be achieved. However, excess accumulation of ROS may impact intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, hindering T cell maturation and the establishment of immune memory. Herein, a multifunctional nanofiber membrane is designed, consisting of a polymer scaffold, MXene/CeO2 bio‐heterojunctions (MX@Ce bio‐HJs), and lactate oxidase (Lox) to balance the production of ROS, for the treatment of recurrent bacterial infections. In this system, MX@Ce bio‐HJs upon near‐infrared ray (NIR) generate photodynamic therapy, while Lox responds to the wound microenvironment exert chemodynamic therapy, synergistically produce ROS to rapidly eradicate bacteria, amplify the ability of dendritic cells to recognize and present antigens of bacterial fragments, and enhance innate immunity. Without NIR, MX@Ce bio‐HJs showcase catalase‐like and superoxide dismutase‐like activities, scavenging subsequent ROS accumulation, promoting T cell maturation to form acquired immune memory, and combating recurrent bacterial infection. Such work highlights the potential to combat in situ bacterial infections and recurrent bacterial infections and inspires the development of future antibacterial therapies.
Enhancement Mechanism of Photo‐Induced Artificial Boundary on Ultrastable Hybrid Solid‐electrolyte Interphase of Si Anodes
Authors: Xu Zeyu , Liu Zhenzhuo , Shao Haibo , Liu Yingchun , Wang Jianming
Published: January 2025

Unstable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) film resulting from chemically active surface state and huge volume fluctuation limits the development of Si‐based anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, a photo‐initiated polypyrrole (PPy) coating is manufactured on Si nanoparticles to guide the in situ generation of PPy‐integrated hybrid SEI film (hSEI). The hSEI film shows excellent structure stability and optimized component composition for lithium storage. More promisingly, the photo‐initiated hSEI precursor with more uniform thickness, stronger interaction with inner particles, and higher mechanical strength further enables the structural integrity of the hSEI film. The highly ordered interchain structure of photo‐initiated hSEI precursor can maintain effective Li+ transport during the electrochemical cycling. Consequently, SiNPs@hSEI‐L anode maintains a reversible capacity of 1044.7 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 2 A g−1, manifesting superior electrochemical lithium storage. This work proposes a novel polymer‐integrated hSEI formation and provides an effective reference for the optimization of semiconductor materials.
Platinum/(Carbon‐Nanotube) Electrocatalyst Boosts Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic, Neutral and Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Peng , Cai Yingying , Zhu Minghui , Dou Ning , Zhang Lei , Men Yu‐Long , Pan Yun‐Xiang
Published: January 2025

Widely used catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction (HER) have high platinum (Pt) contents and show low efficiencies in neutral and alkaline solutions. Herein, a carbon nanotube (CNT) supported Pt catalyst (Pt/CNT45) with 1 wt.% Pt is fabricated. For HER, the mass activity of Pt/CNT45 in acidic (18.76 A mgPt−1), neutral (3.92 A mgPt−1), and alkaline (3.88 A mgPt−1) solutions is respectively much higher than those on commercial Pt/C catalyst with 20 wt.% Pt (acidic: 0.31 A mgPt−1, neutral: 0.03 A mgPt−1, alkaline: 0.07 A mgPt−1). Thus, Pt/CNT45 enhances HER not only in acidic solutions but also in neutral and alkaline solutions. Ptδ+ at Pt‐CNT interface on Pt/CNT45 promotes water (H2O) dissociation and hydroxyl (OH) desorption from Pt/CNT45, thus enhancing HER. This work opens a new way for enhancing HER in a wider pH range by catalyst with low Pt content, and helpful for commercialization.
Generating Beta Zeolite Nanosheets of Intergrown Polymorph B and C Using Polycationic Structure‐Directing Agent
Authors: Qie Guanyu , Liu Runze , Deng Quanzheng , Deng Donghao , Zhai Miao , Liu Wei , Dai Weili , Han Lu , Zhu Kake
Published: January 2025

Zeolitic nanosheets possess great potential in catalysis due to their enhanced transport property and accessibility toward bulky molecules compared to conventional micron‐ meter scale crystals. However, the generation of Beta zeolite nanosheets, which are crucial for industrial catalysis, is still challenging for its intergrowth nature. In this work, aluminosilicate Beta nanosheets of ca. 16 nm thick with house‐of‐cards architecture are generated using a special polycationic organic structure directing agent (OSDA), [‐N+(CH3)2‐C5H10‐N+(CH3)2‐C6H12‐]n[Br−]2n, in greener hydroxide media. Transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography reconstruction revealed that the nanosheets are composed of unprecedented intergrowth of polymorphs B and polymorph C (i.e., BEC topology), possessing only straight micropore channels. 2D 29Si{1H} and 27Al{1H} heteronuclear correlation NMR spectra reveal that the framework Al atoms are mainly situated close to the ammonium moieties of the OSDA inside straight channels, owing to a strong OSDA‐framework attraction. The selectivities of ethylene, propylene and catalyst lifetime have been promoted in n‐heptane cracking, due to stronger acidity and enhanced diffusion property. Moreover, the architecture is robust toward deep dealumination and Ti‐ modification, allowing it to be a superior catalyst in cyclohexene epoxidation. The polycation OSDA design concept and the recipe for Beta nanosheets may find broader applications in catalysis.
MXene Nanoribbon Aerogel‐Based Gradient Conductivity Electromagnetic Interference Shields with Unprecedented Combination of High Green Index and Shielding Effectiveness
Authors: Roy Sanjoy Sur , Ghosh Koushik , Meyyappan M. , Giri P. K.
Published: January 2025

The desire to reduce secondary pollution from shielded electronics devices demands electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields with high green index (GI), which is the ratio of absorbance over reflectance. Achieving high GI values simultaneously with high shielding effectiveness (SE) over 50 dB is a serious unresolved challenge. Reducing the impedance mismatch between the shield and free space is the key to reducing the reflection of incoming radiation and enabling more penetration into the body of the shield for absorption. Here a sandwich structure with gradient conductivity is introduced that achieves a combination of high GI (≈2) and SE (70 dB). The top layer deliberately uses an aerogel of low conductivity MXene nanoribbon in PEDOT:PSS polymer to boost the GI. The aerogel also reduces the permittivity of the shield, as another way to reduce the impedance mismatch for a nonmagnetic material. The bottom layer consists of a MXene nanosheet–polymer with its high metal‐like conductivity to provide high SE. This successful demonstration is expected to lead to other novel ways to create conductivity gradient EMI shields.
The Design of Intrinsically Conductive Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: McVea Molly , Nielsen Christian B. , Fenwick Oliver , Szilágyi Petra Ágota
Published: January 2025

Thermoelectric (TE) materials offer exciting promise in the development of sustainable, green energy alternatives. Ideal TE materials promote high electrical conductivity, whilst effectively scattering phonons for reduced thermal conductivity, thus giving the phonon‐glass electron‐crystal concept. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a versatile class of materials that could meet these criteria. The high crystallinity of MOFs can offer effective pathways for charge transport whilst their intrinsic high porosity yields ultralow thermal conductivity. The high structural diversity of MOFs, owing to the versatile coordination of metal cation/cluster and linker offers the potential to systematically tune their properties for TE performance. This review examines the advancement in the design strategies that have thus far been implemented toward intrinsically conductive MOFs and how these should be tailored for application toward TE materials. By addressing the challenges and leveraging the unique properties of MOFs, future research can pave the way for innovative and efficient TE MOF materials.
Intravitreal Administration of Adalimumab‐Loaded Poly(Lactic‐co‐Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles: Effects on Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: García‐Otero Xurxo , Varela‐Fernández Rubén , Cuartero‐Martínez Andrea , Gómez‐Lado Noemí , González‐Barcia Miguel , Mondelo‐García Cristina , Feitosa Carolina , Aguiar Pablo , Fernández‐Ferreiro Anxo , Otero‐Espinar Francisco J.
Published: January 2025

Adalimumab, a monoclonal antibody used for treating inflammatory diseases, including eye diseases, faces challenges in biodistribution and targeted delivery. Nanoparticle (NP)‐based drug delivery systems have shown promise in enhancing the pharmacokinetic profiles of biologic drugs. This study aims to develop, and characterize intravitreal adalimumab‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs to improve antibody distribution and therapeutic efficacy. Characterization studies, morphological examination, and quantitative, stability, and physical properties are conducted. In vitro release kinetics are assessed using a dialysis membrane method. In vivo biodistribution is studied in rats after intravitreal administration by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography imaging. The optimized NPs were spherical (around 300 nm) with a surface charge of about −20 mV. Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading reach values close to 100%. Stability studies showed minimal changes in particle size and drug content. In vitro release showed a biphasic pattern with an initial burst release followed by sustained release. Safety studies indicated no significant cytotoxicity or adverse effects. The adalimumab‐loaded PLGA NPs demonstrate favorable physicochemical characteristics, stability, and release profiles. In vivo distribution revealed a change in the antibody's distribution pattern after intravitreal administration via NPs encapsulation. These findings suggest the potential for enhanced therapeutic outcomes and warrant further investigation in disease‐specific models to explore the clinical potential of this NP‐based delivery system.
Spatial Analysis of Informal Recyclable Station System for Integration to Formal Solid Waste Management System and Circular Economy–Proposing Integrated Methodology of GIS, Remote Sensing, and Statistical Learning
Authors: Dinh Cuong Le , Fujiwara Takeshi , Phu Song Toan Pham
Published: January 2025

Recently, the transition to the circular economy has become environmentally and economically urgent for every single nation in the world. Closing the loops of material is one of the key ideas behind the foundation of a circular economy (CE). The informal recyclable stations (IRSs) within the solid waste management (SWM) system play an important role as the reversed logistic system, being in charge of collecting and trading recyclable solid waste. This study aimed to comprehend the spatial nature of the system of IRSs in Danang city, Hue city, and Hoi An city as representative sites for the whole of central Vietnam and the nation. The integration of geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing, and statistical learning was performed to clarify spatial characteristics and dynamics of the system of IRSs as well as combat status of limitations of available data in developing countries. Results denoted that the system of IRSs was distributed in close proximity to transportation systems and residential areas with low vegetation coverage. Coverage ratios of the system of IRSs did not strongly fluctuate in case the number of IRSs decreased by 80% regarding the 3500 m distance covered. Negative binomial regression proved to be the most congruent model for understanding the prevalence of IRSs in central Vietnam. Population and normalized difference vegetation index were statistically related to prevalence of IRS. While linear regression depicted balance between variance and bias, support vector machine would be applied if prioritized aim is model performance. The results of this study are a scientific base for the management of the IRS system and the integration of this system into a formal SWM system as well as the transition to a CE.
The missing Tb2O2NCN compound: synthesis, characterization, and luminescent properties
Authors: Dronskowski Richard , Medina-Jurado Juan , Bourakhouadar Hicham , Corkett Alex J. , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas
Published: January 2025

Advances in the synthetic methods often lead to the discovery of new materials, and nitridocarbonates based on the NCN2− anion are no exception. Recent momentum in preparation processes and improved understanding of the chemistry of these compounds has resulted in many “missing compounds” now being accessible. Accordingly, we here report the synthesis of the terbium oxide carbodiimide Tb2O2NCN, one of the missing members in the family of rare‐earth compounds with the general formula Ln2O2NCN. It was prepared via a solid‐state metathesis reaction at 600 °C between TbOCl and Li2NCN, and its structure was determined from powder X‐ray diffraction data to crystallize isotypically to the Ln2O2NCN family with Ln = Ce–Yb (except for promethium) in the trigonal P[[EQUATION]] space group. The crystal structure is best described as alternating layers of NCN2− anions and Tb2O22+ layers along the c‐axis. Photoluminescence measurements reveal a green emission at room temperature.
Positionality
Authors: Murray Emily Margaret , Anta Alba Hernandez , Montaña Monoga Ana Maria , Quist Sofie Elise
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the concept of positionality as one of the main themes of the OIN Ocean Literacy Toolkit. It draws on positionality theory and anti-oppressive, decolonial research methodologies that incorporate positionality as a reflexivity tool in social research. Drawing on Donna Haraway’s seminal essay on “Situated Knowledges”, the chapter elaborates on questions that researchers might ask themselves to understand the ways in which their positionality influences how they come to know the Ocean and how they may edge towards epistemic justice. Thus, linking positionality to epistemology, the chapter charts how multiple ways of knowing the Ocean is surfacing in both academic scholarship and policy. Finally, the authors connect and translate the main dimensions to the two pathways “connecting with each other” and “connecting with the ocean” and introduce the positionality activities included in the OIN Toolkit.
Deutschlandweite Evaluation der ärztlichen Weiterbildung in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Authors: Schubotz Nina , Kronsbein Julia-Maleen , Zapp Angela , Reichel Rebecca
Published: January 2025

Hintergrund

Bislang existiert keine Evaluation der Weiterbildungs- und Arbeitsbedingungen in der Facharztweiterbildung Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie in Deutschland. Um dem Nachwuchsmangel entgegenzuwirken und die Versorgung der Patient:innen langfristig sicherzustellen, ist eine Qualitätssicherung unabdingbar.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der Evaluation ist es, Stärken und Schwächen der Weiterbildung zu identifizieren und Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung abzuleiten. Für eine bessere Einordnung wird außerdem ein Vergleich mit anderen Facharztweiterbildungen vorgenommen.

Material und Methoden

Die onlinebasierte Befragung erfolgte vom 15.05.2023 bis zum 30.06.2023. Die Ergebnisse beziehen sich auf 315 Fragebögen von 202 Ärzt:innen in Weiterbildung und 113 Fachärzt:innen (Facharzttitel seit weniger als 3 Jahren).

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt 64 % der Befragten sind mit Qualität und Umsetzung des allgemeinen Psychiatrie-Teils zufrieden, nur 11 % erwägen aufgrund der Weiterbildungsbedingungen einen Wechsel der Fachrichtung und 18 % eine Verlegung ihres Arbeitsplatzes ins Ausland. Verbesserungsbedarf zeigt sich bei der Einarbeitung sowie bei der Organisation der Weiterbildung. Zudem werden ein erheblicher Zeit- und Kostenaufwand für verpflichtende externe Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen und eine mangelnde Vereinbarkeit der Weiterbildung mit Forschung, Lehre und Care-Arbeit beanstandet.

Diskussion

Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die Arbeitsbedingungen besser sind als in anderen Fächern. Hinsichtlich des Verbesserungspotenzials ist die Schaffung einer Finanzierung der Weiterbildung unerlässlich, zudem können Zertifikate für gute Weiterbildung sowie die Veröffentlichung von Positivbeispielen zur Qualitätssicherung und -verbesserung beitragen.
Levelling-up national economies through regional development? a panel fsQCA approach applied to Great Britain
Authors: Huggins Robert , Thompson Piers , Beynon Malcolm , Pickernell David , Jones Paul
Published: January 2025

There is currently renewed policy focus on ‘levelling-up’ economic performance across Great Britain’s regions and nations. Heterogeneous historical regional economic experiences lead to questions over the need for policy differences and trade-offs, and roles of regional, versus national level, policies in the longer term. This paper examines, using panel fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), combinations of education and human capital, entrepreneurship, and economic activity conditions driving economic development differences across local authorities in Great Britain. Analysis identifies three and six condition-based pathways for the presence and absence of high local economic development (LED), respectively, absence pathways having a particular geographical focus. This identifies different sets of regions, where disadvantage is ‘deep-rooted’ (and non-traditional policymaking is needed), advantage is long-established, or where policy is most likely to make a positive difference. It also identifies a need to tailor policy according to the pathway(s), rather than assuming homogeneous approaches are appropriate. Finally, exemplar regions offer case studies of how future policy can assist movement from absence to presence of high LED.
Nonparametric testing of first-order structure in point processes on linear networks
Authors: González-Pérez Ignacio , Borrajo María Isabel , González-Manteiga Wenceslao
Published: January 2025

In this paper we address a two-sample problem in the context of point processes on linear networks. The aim is to determine whether two given point patterns defined over the same linear network and under the assumption of Poissonness, share the same spatial structure. To do so, a Kolmogorov–Smirnov and a Cramér von Mises type test statistics are developed and analysed through an extensive simulation study. We have included different types of networks, balanced and unbalanced sample sizes, and homogeneous and inhomogeneous Poisson point processes. The results show a good level adjustment and high power values, the latter increasing with the sample size and the discrepancy between the two generating intensities. Finally, these methods have also been applied to the analysis of traffic accidents in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), studying their distribution at different rush hours.
Compositional Sparsity, Approximation Classes, and Parametric Transport Equations
Authors: Dahmen Wolfgang
Published: January 2025

Approximating functions of a large number of variables poses particular challenges often subsumed under the term “Curse of Dimensionality” (CoD). Unless the approximated function exhibits a very high level of smoothness the CoD can be avoided only by exploiting some typically hidden structural sparsity. In this paper we propose a general framework for new model classes of functions in high dimensions. They are based on suitable notions of compositional dimension-sparsity quantifying, on a continuous level, approximability by compositions with certain structural properties. In particular, this describes scenarios where deep neural networks can avoid the CoD. The relevance of these concepts is demonstrated for solution manifolds of parametric transport equations. For such PDEs parameter-to-solution maps do not enjoy the type of high order regularity that helps to avoid the CoD by more conventional methods in other model scenarios. Compositional sparsity is shown to serve as the key mechanism for proving that sparsity of problem data is inherited in a quantifiable way by the solution manifold. In particular, one obtains convergence rates for deep neural network realizations showing that the CoD is indeed avoided.