bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back to the Green Valley: How to Rejuvenate an S0 Galaxy through Minor Mergers
Authors: Mapelli Michela
Published: November 2015

About half of the S0 galaxies in the nearby Universe show signatures of recent or ongoing star formation. Whether these S0 galaxies were rejuvenated by the accretion of fresh gas is still controversial. We study minor mergers of a gas-rich dwarf galaxy with an S0 galaxy, by means of N-body smoothed-particle hydrodynamics simulations. We find that minor mergers trigger episodes of star formation in the S0 galaxy, lasting for \(\sim\)10 Gyr. One of the most important fingerprints of the merger is the formation of a gas ring in the S0 galaxy. The ring is reminiscent of the orbit of the satellite galaxy, and its lifetime depends on the merger properties: polar and counter-rotating satellite galaxies induce the formation of long-lived smooth gas rings.
Particulate Matter Exposure in a Police Station Located near a Highway
Authors: Chen Yu-Cheng , Hsu Chin-Kai , Wang Chia , Tsai Perng-Jy , Wang Chun-Yuan , Chen Mei-Ru , Lin Ming-Yeng
Published: November 2015

People living or working near roadways have experienced an increase in cardiovascular or respiratory diseases due to vehicle emissions. Very few studies have focused on the PM exposure of highway police officers, particularly for the number concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles (UFP). This study evaluated exposure concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in the Sinying police station near a highway located in Tainan, Taiwan, under different traffic volumes, traffic types, and shift times. We focused on periods when the wind blew from the highway toward the police station and when the wind speed was greater than or equal to 0.5 m/s. PM2.5, UFP, and PM-PAHs concentrations in the police station and an upwind reference station were measured. Results indicate that PM2.5, UFP, and PM-PAHs concentrations in the police station can be on average 1.13, 2.17, and 5.81 times more than the upwind reference station concentrations, respectively. The highest exposure level for PM2.5 and UFP was observed during the 12:00 PM–4:00 PM shift while the highest PAHs concentration was found in the 4:00 AM–8:00 AM shift. Thus, special attention needs to be given to protect police officers from exposure to high PM concentration.
Protective Effects of Cardamom in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats
Authors: Goyal Sameer , Sharma Charu , Mahajan Umesh , Patil Chandragouda , Agrawal Yogeeta , Kumari Santosh , Arya Dharamvir , Ojha Shreesh
Published: November 2015

Cardamom is a popular spice that has been commonly used in cuisines for flavor since ancient times. It has copious health benefits such as improving digestion, stimulating metabolism, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The current study investigated the effect of cardamom on hemodynamic, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural changes in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided and treated with extract of cardamom (100 and 200 mg/kg per oral) or normal saline for 30 days with concomitant administration of ISO (85 mg/kg, subcutaneous) on 29th and 30th days, at 24 h interval. ISO injections to rats caused cardiac dysfunction evidenced by declined arterial pressure indices, heart rate, contractility and relaxation along with increased preload. ISO also caused a significant decrease in endogenous antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, depletion of cardiomyocytes enzymes, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and increase in lipid peroxidation. All these changes in cardiac and left ventricular function as well as endogenous antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and myocyte enzymes were ameliorated when the rats were pretreated with cardamom. Additionally, the protective effects were strengthened by improved histopathology and ultrastructural changes, which specifies the salvage of cardiomyocytes from the deleterious effects of ISO. The present study findings demonstrate that cardamom significantly protects the myocardium and exerts cardioprotective effects by free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
Editorial for Special Issue on Herbal Medicines and Natural Products
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Wei , Zhou Shu-Feng
Published: November 2015

Herbal medicines and natural products have been the most productive source of drug development and there is a large line of evidence on the applications of herbal medicines and natural products for the management of body function and the treatment of aliments. The multiple bioactive components in herbal medicines and natural products can explain the multiple targets effect in their medical applications. The increasing usage of state-of-art computational, molecular biological, and analytical chemistry techniques will promote the exploration of the pharmacological effect of previously inaccessible sources of herbal medicines and natural products. Notably, with the increasing reports on the safety issues regarding the medical use of herbal medicines and natural products, the awareness of pharmacovigilance in herbal medicines and natural products needs to be strengthened. To prevent the adverse drug reactions related to herbal medicines and natural products, physicians need to be aware of potential risks and alert patients in the use of herbal medicines and natural products.
Some Issues in Liquid Metals Research
Authors: Caturla Maria , Jiang Jian-Zhong , Louis Enrique , Molina José
Published: November 2015

The ten articles [1–10] included in this Special Issue on “Liquid Metals” do not intend to comprehensively cover this extensive field, but, rather, to highlight recent discoveries that have greatly broadened the scope of technological applications of these materials. Improvements in understanding the physics of liquid metals are, to a large extent, due to the powerful theoretical tools in the hands of scientists, either semi-empirical [1,5,6] or ab initio (molecular dynamics, see [7]). Surface tension and wetting at metal/ceramic interfaces is an everlasting field of fundamental research with important technological implications. The review of [2] is broad enough, as the work carried out at Grenoble covers almost all interesting matters in the field. Some issues of interest in geophysics and astrophysics are discussed in [3]. The recently discovered liquid–liquid transition in several metals is dealt with in [4]. The fifth contribution [5] discusses the role of icosahedral superclusters in crystallization. In [6], thermodynamic calculations are carried out to identify the regions of the ternary phase diagram of Al-Cu-Y, where the formation of amorphous alloys is most probable. Experimental data and ab initio calculations are presented in [7] to show that an optimal microstructure is obtained if Mg is added to the Al-Si melt before than the modifier AlP alloy. Shock-induced melting of metals by means of laser driven compression is discussed in [8]. With respect to recent discoveries, one of the most outstanding developments is that of gallium alloys that are liquid at room temperature [9], and that, due to the oxide layer that readily cover their surface, maintain some “stiffness”. This has opened the possibility of 3D printing with liquid metals. The last article in this Special Issue [10] describes nano-liquid metals, a suspension of liquid metal and its alloy containing nanometer-sized particles. A room-temperature nano-liquid metal and its alloys were first introduced in the area of cooling high heat flux devices, which now is a commercial reality. However, their applications are not only in chip cooling, and can also be extended to waste heat recovery, kinetic energy harvesting, thermal interface material, etc. This is mainly due to properties such as low melting point, high thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as other additional physical or chemical properties. These articles are summarized in more detail hereafter [...]
The PHAR-QA Project: Competency Framework for Pharmacy Practice—First Steps, the Results of the European Network Delphi Round 1
Authors: Atkinson Jeffrey , De Paepe Kristien , Pozo Antonio , Rekkas Dimitrios , Volmer Daisy , Hirvonen Jouni , Bozic Borut , Skowron Agnieska , Mircioiu Constantin , Marcincal Annie , Koster Andries , Wilson Keith , Van Schravendijk Chris
Published: November 2015

PHAR-QA, funded by the European Commission, is producing a framework of competences for pharmacy practice. The framework is in line with the EU directive on sectoral professions and takes into account the diversity of the pharmacy profession and the on-going changes in healthcare systems (with an increasingly important role for pharmacists), and in the pharmaceutical industry. PHAR-QA is asking academia, students and practicing pharmacists to rank competences required for practice. The results show that competences in the areas of “drug interactions”, “need for drug treatment” and “provision of information and service” were ranked highest whereas those in the areas of “ability to design and conduct research” and “development and production of medicines” were ranked lower. For the latter two categories, industrial pharmacists ranked them higher than did the other five groups.
Creating World-Class Gathering Places for People and Wildlife along the Detroit Riverfront, Michigan, USA
Authors: Hartig John , Wallace Mark
Published: November 2015

Metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, USA is the automobile capital of the world, part of the industrial heartland and Rust Belt, and a major urban area. For over two centuries, the Detroit River was perceived as a working river that supported commerce and industry. Like many other large North American cities, the Motor City made the Detroit River its back door, with businesses facing inland and away from the river. Compounding the problem, Detroit became indifferent to the water pollution that was perceived as a necessary by-product of industrial progress. By the 1960s, the Detroit River was one of the most polluted rivers in North America. Today, the cleanup and recovery of the Detroit River represent one of the most remarkable ecological recovery stories in North America with the return of bald eagles, peregrine falcons, osprey, lake sturgeon, lake whitefish, mayflies, and more. Out of this recovery has come two transformational projects—the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge and the Detroit RiverWalk—that are helping change the perception of the region from that of a Rust Belt city to one of a leader of urban sustainability that reconnects people to nature, improves quality of life, promotes sustainable redevelopment, and enhances community pride. Key lessons learned include: recruit a well-respected champion; ensure broad support from key stakeholder groups; establish core delivery team, focused on outcomes; build trust; adopt a strategic approach to community engagement, creating a connected community; evoke a sense of place; and measure and celebrate successes to sustain momentum.
Dynamical Symmetries and Causality in Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions
Authors: Henkel Malte
Published: November 2015

Dynamical symmetries are of considerable importance in elucidating the complex behaviour of strongly interacting systems with many degrees of freedom. Paradigmatic examples are cooperative phenomena as they arise in phase transitions, where conformal invariance has led to enormous progress in equilibrium phase transitions, especially in two dimensions. Non-equilibrium phase transitions can arise in much larger portions of the parameter space than equilibrium phase transitions. The state of the art of recent attempts to generalise conformal invariance to a new generic symmetry, taking into account the different scaling behaviour of space and time, will be reviewed. Particular attention will be given to the causality properties as they follow for co-variant n-point functions. These are important for the physical identification of n-point functions as responses or correlators.
Centipede Venoms and Their Components: Resources for Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Hakim Md , Yang Shilong , Lai Ren
Published: November 2015

Venomous animals have evolved with sophisticated bio-chemical strategies to arrest prey and defend themselves from natural predators. In recent years, peptide toxins from venomous animals have drawn considerable attention from researchers due to their surprising chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological diversity. Similar to other venomous animals, centipedes are one of the crucial venomous arthropods that have been used in traditional medicine for hundreds of years in China. Despite signifying pharmacological importance, very little is known about the active components of centipede venoms. More than 500 peptide sequences have been reported in centipede venomous glands by transcriptome analysis, but only a small number of peptide toxins from centipede has been functionally described. Like other venomous animals such as snakes, scorpions, and spiders, the venom of centipedes could be an excellent source of peptides for developing drugs for treatments as well as bio-insecticides for agrochemical applications. Although centipede venoms are yet to be adequately studied, the venom of centipedes as well as their components described to date, should be compiled to help further research. Therefore, based on previous reports, this review focusses on findings and possible therapeutic applications of centipede venoms as well as their components.
State of the Art of Online Monitoring and Control of the Coagulation Process
Authors: Ratnaweera Harsha , Fettig Joachim
Published: November 2015

Coagulation is an essential process for the removal of suspended and colloidal material from water and wastewater. However, no comprehensive or universally accepted mathematical description of the process has been developed so far. Therefore, process optimization and control is usually based on data from jar tests and simple flow-proportional dosing concepts, while more accurate concepts based on water quality parameters that can be measured online are emerging. In addition, there have been attempts to develop software sensors and control schemes that involve advanced mathematical analyses of these parameters. The paper presents an overview of the parameters and physical sensors that are used for feed-forward and feed-backward control schemes and the experiences that have been made with their implementation. Moreover, the development and use of software sensors is described. Finally, the practical applications of different control techniques are given in order to illustrate the state of the art of coagulation control. Some thoughts about research needs conclude this review.
Let us learn our inheritance : Get to know yourself
Authors: Paksoy Hasan B.
Published: November 2015

"Granted, each individual may be proud of being offspring of a particular people, praising that fact to the heavens, experience the accompanying pride, it is no harm" - wrote Valentin Rasputin in his article "Knowing one's self as a citizen" (Pravda, 24 July 1988). "All may be proud of their origins... Armenian - of being an Armenian, Estonian - of being an Estonian, Jew - being Jewish, Buriat - being a Buriat. Now permit the Russians to become a member of this "free friendly family". They have also somewhat contributed to the world culture and civilization...".

With pleasure, I wished to convey these sincere words of the Russian author to the esteem of my Uzbek people.
Conformational switching of ethano-bridged Cu,H2-bis-porphyrin induced by aromatic amines
Authors: Bettini Simona , Maglie Emanuela , Pagano Rosanna , Borovkov Victor , Inoue Yoshihisa , Valli Ludovico , Giancane Gabriele
Published: November 2015

Cu,H2-bis-porphyrin (Cu,H2-Por2), in which copper porphyrin and free-base porphyrin are linked together by an ethano-bridge, was dissolved in chloroform and spread at the air/liquid subphase interface of a Langmuir trough. The bis-porphyrin derivative, floating film was characterized by reflection spectroscopy and the surface pressure of the floating film was studied as a function of the mean area per molecule. When aromatic amines are dissolved in the subphase, an evident interaction between the bis-porphyrin host and the aromatic amine guest is observed. A clear-cut variation of the profile of surface pressure vs area per molecule curve is observed. Reflection spectroscopy highlights that the aromatic amines dissolved in the subphase are able to induce the syn-to-anti conformational switching in the bis-porphyrin derivative. The Langmuir–Schaefer technique has been used to transfer the floating bis-porphyrin film (when using pure water as a subphase) to a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) substrate and the resulting device was able to detect the presence of aniline at concentrations as low as 1 nM in aqueous solution. The high selectivity of the SPR sensing device has been verified by checking the spectral response of the active layer towards other analytes dissolved in the aqueous solutions.
Veiksnių, darančių įtaką vandens kokybei vandentiekio tinkle, analizė
Authors: Amosenkienė Auksė , Valentukevičienė Marina , Mažeikienė Aušra , Kanapickas Raimundas
Published: November 2015

Nagrinėjama, kaip vandens kokybei įtaką gali daryti vandentiekio tinklų būklė, vandens išbuvimo laikas vamzdynuose, vandens temperatūra. Aptariama, kaip mikrobiologinis nitrifikacijos procesas gali paveikti cheminių, mikrobiologinių ir techninių pobūdžių trikdžius vandentiekio tinkluose. Tyrimais nustatyta, kad mikroorganizmams, gyvenantiems žalio vandens šaltiniuose, vamzdynuose, taip pat dažnai susidaro palankios sąlygos išgyventi. Vandeniui ilgiau būnant gręžiniuose, filtruose, švaraus vandens rezervuaruose, vamzdynuose ir kitose talpose, susidaro palankios sąlygos gyvybinei mikroorganizmų veiklai ir azoto junginių pasisavinimui.
Žemėnaudos įtaka upių vandens kokybei
Authors: Litvinaitis Andrius
Published: November 2015

Vandens kokybė yra viena labiausiai reguliuojamų Europos Sąjungos aplinkosaugos sričių. Norint prognozuoti vandens ekosistemų būklę, būtina įvertinti vandens kokybės kaitą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama biogeninių medžiagų kaita Lietuvos upėse įvertinant žemėnaudos įtaką. Norint nusakyti visos Lietuvos upių vandens ir jų paupių baseinų žemėnaudos struktūros sąsajas, šio tyrimo objektu buvo pasirinktos aštuonios būdingos Lietuvos upės. Biogeninių medžiagų koncentracijų dinamika vertinta pagal vidutinę bei sezoninę reikšmes. Žemėnaudos struktūros pokyčiams įvertinti naudojama CORINE Žemės danga (1995) ir CORINE-2000 (2005) kartografinė medžiaga (M 1:100 000). Atlikus daugialypę dispersinę analizę tarp nitratų koncentracijų ir žemėnaudos struktūros elementų, nustatyta, kad patikimumo nėra, nors koreliacijos koeficientai viršija 0,63. Tai galima būtų paaiškinti tuo, kad azoto apytakos ratas sudėtingas, jį sudarantys procesai yra fiksacija (biologinė ir pramoninė), asimiliacija, nitrifikacija, denitrifikacija, prietaka su krituliais, išplovimas ir kt.
Lack of Interferon and Proinflammatory Cyto/chemokines in Serologically Active Clinically Quiescent Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Steiman Amanda J. , Gladman Dafna D. , Ibañez Dominique , Noamani Babak , Landolt-Marticorena Carolina , Urowitz Murray B. , Wither Joan E.
Published: November 2015

Objective.

Serologically active clinically quiescent (SACQ) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remain clinically quiescent for prolonged periods despite anti-dsDNA antibodies and/or low complements, indicating the presence of immune complexes. The immune mechanisms leading to this quiescence are unknown. However, in addition to activating complement, immune complex uptake by various cells leads to the production of interferon (IFN)-α and other proinflammatory factors that are also involved in tissue damage. Here we investigate whether production of these factors is reduced in SACQ patients.

Methods.

The levels of 5 IFN-induced genes and 19 cyto/chemokines were measured in SACQ patients and were compared with those in serologically and clinically active (SACA) and serologically and clinically quiescent (SQCQ) patients. SACQ and SQCQ were defined as ≥ 2 years without clinical activity, with/without persistent serologic activity, respectively, and off corticosteroids/immunosuppressives. SACA was defined as disease activity compelling immunosuppression. Levels of OAS1, IFIT1, MX1, LY6E, and ISG15 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a composite score (IFN-5) derived from this. Plasma cyto/chemokines were measured by Luminex assay. Nonparametric univariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results.

There were no differences in gene expression or cyto/chemokine levels between SACQ and SQCQ patients. The SACQ IFN-5 score was significantly lower than that of SACA (p = 0.003) and was driven by SACQ status, not by autoantibody profile or disease duration. Levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, IFN-γ-inducible protein 10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly lower in SACQ than SACA.

Conclusion.

The levels of proinflammatory factors in SACQ mirror those of SQCQ patients, indicating reduced production of these factors despite the presence of immune complexes.
Philosophie et politique à la fin de la République romaine : les exemples de Lucrèce et Atticus
Authors: Anglade Laurent
Published: November 2015

L’auteur invite à revenir sur les relations entre l’épicurisme et la politique à la fin de la République romaine. Depuis un demi-siècle, le débat tourne autour du « républicanisme » ou du « monarchisme » supposé des Épicuriens. Toutefois, l’auteur propose de sortir de ce déterminisme pour étudier ces relations en fonction de l’opposition entre les Populares et les Optimates , à travers deux Épicuriens romains, Atticus et Lucrèce. Atticus est décrit comme Optimas par Cicéron et Cornélius Népos, alors que Lucrèce, dans ses introductions du De Natura Rerum , utilise un vocabulaire popularis. Les Épicuriens ne sont donc pas ni hors de la cité, ni en avance : ils sont intégrés au cœur des débats politiques contemporains.
« Ainsi doit-il être puni… » Le roi, le chevalier et le châtiment dans le Royaume latin de Jérusalem
Authors: Besson Florian
Published: November 2015

Au Moyen Âge, la justice est l’un des fondements du pouvoir : gouverner, c’est toujours, au moins en partie, punir les criminels, et, ce faisant, maintenir le monde en ordre. En sorte que travailler sur la façon dont, dans une société donnée, les châtiments et les méfaits s’articulent les uns aux autres, c’est pénétrer au cœur de la façon dont cette société pense, organise et vit le pouvoir. C’est ce que propose cet article à travers une relecture du Livre au Roi , recueil de lois féodales du Royaume latin de Jérusalem, compilé au tout début du xiii e   siècle pour servir les ambitions du roi Amaury II de Jérusalem. Comportant de nombreux chapitres qui déroulent les différents crimes et les châtiments par lesquels il convient de les punir, le Livre au Roi offre l’image d’une société féodale en pleine recomposition, traversée des dyna­- miques contradictoires que sont la réaffirmation d’une monarchie forte et l’émergence de puissants lignages seigneuriaux. Les châtiments contribuent dès lors autant à construire un ordre social idéal, dans lequel les chevaliers sont systématiquement placés au-dessus des bourgeois, qu’à redessiner un édifice politique dominé par la figure royale.
Profits, malversations, restitutions. Les bénéfices des financiers durant la guerre de la Ligue d’Augsbourg et la taxe de Chamillart
Authors: Félix Joël
Published: November 2015

Cet article étudie les relations entre le gouvernement, la société française et les financiers. Il commence par une analyse des discours du temps et des travaux des historiens concernant les financiers. Il poursuit par une présentation des divers groupes de financiers et de leurs fonctions. L’article étudie ensuite successivement les contrats passés entre le roi et les traitants d’affaires extraordinaires durant la guerre de la Ligue d’Augsbourg, ainsi que leurs opérations et bénéfices. Il montre que les contrôles exercés par le gouvernement étaient efficaces et que les traitants, dans le cadre des contraintes propres à l’Ancien Régime, offraient des services essentiels mais trop coûteux pour être viables.
La politique de formation idéologique de la SS (1933-1945). Une étude sur la transmission de la normativité nazie
Authors: Gallo David
Published: November 2015

Le présent article retrace l’histoire de la politique de « formation » ou « éducation idéologique » ( weltanchauliche Schulung ou weltanschauliche Erziehung ) mise en œuvre entre 1933 et 1945 par la SS ( Schutzstaffel ), organisation qui se voulait l’élite du nazisme. Il s’agit ce faisant d’apporter, à travers l’étude empirique d’un cas paradigmatique des efforts déployés par le régime nazi pour transmettre son système de valeurs à ses hommes, un éclairage complémentaire aux travaux qui analysent l’univers normatif du national-socialisme sous l’angle de l’histoire des idées, et à ceux qui tentent de comprendre les motivations des acteurs du régime hitlérien. La présente contribution croise l’histoire du réseau des institutions chargées de l’élaboration et de l’application de cette politique, une enquête prosopographique sur le personnel de cadres qui anima ces institutions et l’étude des pratiques éducatives et des discours idéologiques élaborés au sein de celles-ci et l’analyse de l’impact de ces politiques. Après avoir abordé successivement les deux principales phases du développement de la politique de formation idéologique, qui a d’abord visé à la création d’une élite civile militante du régime nazi (1933-1939), avant de se recentrer sur les unités militaires et policières de la SS (1939-1945), l’on propose une évaluation de l’empreinte que le système normatif ainsi transmis a pu laisser sur la masse des militants et soldats et policiers de la SS, qui montre que celle-ci, quoique réelle, a été extrêmement inégale, et est demeurée nettement inférieure aux ambitions initiales des idéologues de la SS.
De la dénazification à la sanction des communistes : le devoir de fidélité des fonctionnaires ouest-allemands à l’épreuve
Authors: Vincent Marie-Bénédicte
Published: November 2015

Cet article a pour objet l’étude de l’épuration anticommuniste dans la fonction publique ouest-allemande des années 1950 et 1960. Fondé sur le dépouillement de procédures disciplinaires, il analyse ce que l’institution entend par « devoir de fidélité » des fonctionnaires envers l’ordre démocratique constitutionnel de la RFA. Pour ce faire, l’article envisage la longue durée de la « fonction publique professionnelle » depuis le xix e   siècle et la manière dont le « devoir de fidélité » a été formulé sous divers régimes (la monarchie prussienne, la République de Weimar, le régime national-socialiste), afin de comprendre où se situe le renouvellement après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La thèse défendue ici est que le renouvellement normatif forgé pour tirer un trait sur le nazisme, principalement dans la Loi fondamentale de 1949 et la loi fédérale sur les fonctionnaires de 1953, a été utilisé à l’encontre d’une autre population cible, les communistes, non seulement dans le contexte géopolitique de guerre froide, mais aussi dans celui de la réintégration massive des anciens fonctionnaires du régime nazi, qui défendent leurs positions professionnelles et leurs carrières face aux individus recrutés ou revenus après le 8 mai 1945. La sanction disciplinaire de l’adhésion aux partis KPD ou SED et plus généralement du militantisme communiste offre un contrepoint peu connu à la répression pénale des communistes en RFA et permet de s’interroger sur l’arrière-plan social des pratiques anticommunistes de la fonction publique à l’échelle individuelle.
La position nostalgique mélancolique, un interrupteur des processus de transmission du cadre et des dispositifs institutionnels
Authors: Pinel Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2015

Ce texte se donne pour objet de mieux comprendre les avatars et les impasses affectant les processus de transmission psychique du cadre institutionnel que l’on observe actuellement dans nombre d’établissements et services spécialisés. Il soutient la proposition selon laquelle les ruptures de transmission – différenciées des successions conflictuelles – résultent de la rencontre malheureuse entre les répercussions des transformations du métacadre contemporain – imposant une logique gestionnaire aux institutions spécialisées – et la sédimentation d’une position nostalgique mélancolique qui bloque le travail d’advenue. Les nouveaux se trouvant ainsi dans l’impossibilité de s’approprier le cadre et la culture institutionnelle. L’article se clôt par une exploration des processus mobilisés par une intervention clinique centrée sur les processus d’advenue, condition d’un renouvellement créatif enté aux valeurs institutantes.
Transmission familiale et transmission institutionnelle. À propos d’une expérience de psychologue institutionnelle en pédopsychiatrie
Authors: Dubost Michelle
Published: November 2015

À partir d’une observation du travail clinique d’une équipe d’hospitalisation en pédopsychiatrie, chargée de soins de longue durée apportés à des patients adolescents présentant un trouble envahissant du comportement, une réflexion est menée sur le rapport entre économie familiale et fonctionnement groupal institutionnel. Une attention particulière est apportée au déroulement du processus de sortie d’hospitalisation, lorsque les patients atteignent l’âge de 18 ans. Les différentes voies, verbales et non verbales, que prennent les mécanismes d’une transmission sont explorées à l’aide d’illustrations cliniques. Est exposé l’intérêt d’un dispositif d’entretiens familiaux dans l’étayage et l’élaboration des liens complexes tissés entre familles, patients et institution.
L’adolescence, une crise de la transmission. Quand un adolescent bat un parent
Authors: Vicente Cindy , Chapellon Sébastien
Published: November 2015

L’adolescence a valeur de crise de la transmission dans la famille. Dans les familles dites « à la limite », la violence organise les liens et il peut arriver que l’enfant devenu adolescent batte son parent. Dans ces familles, l’accent est souvent mis sur les échecs de transmission familiale du fait que la violence intervient lors de ce temps de passage entre l’enfance et l’âge adulte. Malgré les limites, voire les possibles faillites de transmission, dans ces familles aux prises avec les répétitions de violences au travers des générations, nous considérons que l’adolescence d’un des membres est une période de remaniement qui ouvre le passage vers de véritables potentialités de réorganisation psychique. Même si des éléments traumatiques se répètent notamment dans ce cas de violence familiale, ses familles « à la limite » mettent aussi à jour leur capacité d’évolution à travers les générations.
Du symptôme de l’enfant à la crise de couple : transmission dans la famille
Authors: Sanahuja Maria de la Almudena , Schwailbold Marie-Anne
Published: November 2015

Confrontés à des enfants et des adolescents avec des troubles de conduite alimentaire, nous avons perçu que ceux-ci sont porteurs de problématiques familiales et plus spécifiquement du couple parental. Ces problématiques ont souvent comme origine des secrets, des non-dits, des événements « traumatiques » qui traversent les générations par la voie du transgénérationnel, l’enfant en devient le réceptacle. Dans cette configuration, le jeune se trouve alors assigné de manière inconsciente, dès le départ, à une place particulière et ces problématiques viennent se mêler à l’histoire familiale dans la filiation transgénerationnelle. Une situation de thérapie familiale nous permettra de mettre en avant des enjeux des transmissions traumatiques entre symptôme individuel, de couple et familial. La clinique permettra de discuter des aménagements de notre pratique de la thérapie familiale, notamment lorsqu’un des jeunes est porteur d’une symptomatologie corporelle.
Qu’avons-nous fait de nos 20 ans ? Une intervention institutionnelle dans un lieu de soins psychiatriques : passages et transformations
Authors: Guettier Blandine
Published: November 2015

Nous rendons compte d’une analyse institutionnelle qui a eu lieu il y a quelques années mais prélude du contexte actuel. Sans nier l’impact du social, de l’économique, de l’actuel avec des exigences d’efficacité, du management, à l’œuvre dans tous les secteurs d’activité, il faut tenir compte de la spécificité des lieux de soins. Pour autant se pose la question : comment peuvent-ils tenir compte de ces impacts du socius ? L’analyse psychanalytique garde toute sa pertinence pour remobiliser des aspects fantasmatiques qui peuvent être paralysants, et qui révèlent, dans cet exemple, des aspects dépressifs. Cette microsociété qu’est un lieu de soins témoigne d’une mutation sociale plus grande où l’organisation du travail est plus prégnante mais doit permettre aux personnes, ici des soignants, de se réapproprier le cadre et le projet de travail. Pour autant, l’analyse de l’histoire et du présent, inscrit entre un passé et un avenir, doit permettre à chaque soignant de faire sien un travail relié à un ensemble, une équipe, un service, et de rester thérapeutique quand c’est encore possible.
Système de pensée associé aux violations de règles d’hygiène auprès d’étudiants en soins infirmiers
Authors: Auzoult Laurent , Hardy-Massard Sandrine
Published: November 2015

Dans cette étude, nous nous intéressons au processus de professionnalisation de futurs professionnels en soins infirmiers. Précisément, l’étude porte sur le système de pensée (cognition, évaluation) associé aux violations de règles d’hygiène. Cent cinquante étudiant(e)s ont répondu à un questionnaire d’évocation avant et après leur premier stage hospitalier. Les analyses font ressortir que les éléments associés aux violations de règles d’hygiène témoignent de l’acquisition d’un jargon professionnel, traduisent à l’issue du stage la saillance de la judiciarisation des pratiques et soulignent le poids causal de l’activité au détriment de celui de l’opérateur sur sa pratique. Du point de vue de l’organisation de la pensée, on observe une mise en congruence interne des éléments liée à la désirabilité de l’événement « violation d’une règle d’hygiène ». Enfin, la période de stage semble avoir provoqué le passage d’un contrôle passif centré sur les conséquences associées aux violations à un contrôle plus actif centré sur la prise en compte de leurs antécédents et de la maîtrise de l’événement.
La compétence en emploi peut-elle prédire la santé psychologique des enseignants ?
Authors: Stamate Alina N. , Brunet Luc , Savoie André
Published: November 2015

Cette recherche vise à vérifier si une variable individuelle – la compétence en emploi – peut expliquer l’état de santé psychologique au travail directement ou par l’entremise de la satisfaction de besoins psychologiques fondamentaux (autonomie, compétence et affiliation). La population de répondants est constituée de 499 enseignants francophones de niveaux primaire et secondaire. La modélisation par équations structurelles a été utilisée afin de valider les relations entre les variables et la méthode de rééchantillonnage par « bootstrap » nous a permis de valider le modèle de médiation proposé. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les deux volets de la santé psychologique au travail (bien-être vs détresse) sont influencés par les compétences en emploi. Les trois besoins fondamentaux jouent un rôle de médiateur dans cette relation.
Advanced Chemical Processes for Semi-additive PWB fabrication for Fine Line Formation Targeting Line and Space=5μm/5μm
Authors: Kawashima Satoshi , Tajima Kazutaka
Published: November 2015

Demand of powerful & fast computing requires the packaging configured with finer lines. The current requirement for Line and Space (L/S) is around 10μm/10μm, it will go down to less than that and 5 μm/5 μm is industry's target in our site. To achieve this miniaturization, a number of improvements are ongoing in equipment, material and chemical for surface finishing process. It seems there is a threshold which requires non-contiguous improvement for the miniaturization. The improvement in surface finishing process requires finer surface roughening for Dielectric material, selective dissolution of metals, or same metal made by different method such as Electroless copper and Electroplated copper, which never exist in the industry. In this paper, advanced chemical processes for semi-additive process (SAP) to fabricate PWB with fine line formation targeting L/S =5μm/5μm are reported. The series of improvements of chemical process enables confidence to manufacture fine lines which L/S=5μm/5μm using finer surface roughening of Electroless copper seed for better Dry Film Resist (DFR) formation, better stripping of the DFR, selective dissolution of Electroless copper seed, finer surface roughening for Solder Mask application, etc.
Cluster-Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial to Compare Supplement Consumption and Adherence to Different Dosing Regimens for Antenatal Calcium and Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Preeclampsia and Anaemia: Rationale and Design of the Micronutrient Initiative Study
Authors: Omotayo Moshood O. , Dickin Katherine L , Chapleau Gina M. , Martin Stephanie L. , Chang Christopher , Mwanga Erick O. , Kung'u Jacqueline K. , Stoltzfus Rebecca J.
Published: November 2015

Background

To prevent pre-eclampsia in populations with insufficient dietary calcium (Ca) intake, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends routine Ca supplementation during antenatal care (ANC). WHO guidelines suggest a complex dosing regimen, requiring as many as 5 pill-taking events per day when combined with iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements. Poor adherence may undermine public health effectiveness, so simpler regimens may be preferable. This trial will compare the effect of the WHO-recommended (higher-dose) regimen vs. a simpler, lower-dose regimen on supplement consumption and pill-taking behaviours in Kenyan ANC clients.

Design and methods

This is a parallel, non-inferiority, cluster-randomized trial; we examined 16 primary care health facilities in Kenya, 1047 pregnant women between 16-30 weeks gestational age. Higher-dose regimen: 1.5 g elemental calcium in 3 separate doses (500 mg Ca/pill) and IFA (60 mg Fe + 400 µg folic acid) taken with evening dose. Lower-dose regimen: 1.0 g calcium in 2 separate doses (500 mg Ca/pill) with IFA taken as above. Measurements: Primary outcome is Ca pills consumed per day, measured by pill counts. Secondary outcomes include IFA pills consumed per day, client knowledge, motivation, social support, and satisfaction, measured at 4 to 10 weeks post-enrolment. Statistical analyses: Unit of randomization is the healthcare facility; unit of analysis is individual client. Intent-to-treat analysis will be implemented with multi-level models to account for clustering.

Expected public health impact

If pregnant women prescribed lower doses of Ca ingest as many pills as women prescribed the WHO-recommended regimen, developing a lower-dose recommendation for antenatal Ca and IFA supplementation programs could save resources.
A checklist of the reptiles and amphibians found in protected areas along the South African Wild Coast, with notes on conservation implications
Authors: Venter Jan A. , Conradie Werner
Published: November 2015

We surveyed six protected areas along the Wild Coast of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, to determine general herpetofaunal diversity as well as the representation of species of special conservation concern. Visual encounter survey methods and standard Y-shape trap arrays were used to conduct surveys from 2011 to 2013. A total of 59 species (22 amphibians and 37 reptiles) were recorded. A number of previously unknown populations of threatened species and one potential novel species were discovered in these protected areas, and the known ranges of several other species were extended. A total of 243 quarter-degree grid-cell unit records were documented, of which 90 (23% amphibians and 50% reptiles) represented the first records for the area. Amphibian and reptile diversity increased along the coast and a number of species of conservation concern were well represented in current protected areas. Our study provides a comprehensive amphibian and reptile checklist for an under-sampled region and highlights the importance of baseline data for improving conservation management.Conservation implications: Small protected areas play an important role in conserving a number of threatened herpetofaunal species along the Wild Coast. The region is currently under significant and increasing pressure from anthropogenic-induced environmental degradation, which affects biodiversity and subsequently the local inhabitants. The information presented here represents an important baseline for future conservation management.
Big-picture ecology for a small planet
Authors: Scholes Robert J.
Published: November 2015

For a number of years, the extensive ecosystems of southern Africa have been a testing ground for ideas and techniques useful for studying and managing large-scale complex systems everywhere, and in particular for tackling issues of global change. The first contribution has been through making consistent, long-term, large-scale observations on climate, vegetation and animal dynamics and disturbances. These have been crucial in developing and testing hypotheses regarding how the earth system works at large space and timescales. The observational techniques have evolved dramatically over time: from notes kept by individuals, to systematic measurement programmes by organisations, to continuous and sophisticated measurements made by automated systems such as satellites and flux towers. The second contribution has been experimental, developing the notion that ecosystems can be the subject of deliberate experimental manipulation. Sometimes this has taken the form of large-scale treatments, such as fire trials or herbivore exclusion plots. More frequently, it has made use of the ‘experiment’ of the protected area in contrast to its surrounds, or has exploited the information in natural or human-induced gradients. Ecosystem experimentation has required rethinking the fundamentals of experimental design: What is the experimental unit? What is the meaning of a control? What constitutes replication? The third contribution has been theoretical. How does the functioning of warm, dry, species-rich ecosystems differ from the cool, moist, species-poor ecosystem examples that dominate the literature? What are the roles of disturbance and competition is maintaining ecosystem diversity, and top-down versus bottom-up control in maintaining ecosystem structure? The fourth contribution concerns the management of large-scale complex systems in the face of limited knowledge. How can the gap between science and policy be narrowed? What advantages and challenges does participatory co-management offer? How do you implement adaptive management?
Severe Dengue Fever Outbreak in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Sheng-Fan , Wang Wen-Hung , Chang Ko , Chen Yen-Hsu , Tseng Sung-Pin , Yen Chia-Hung , Wu Deng-Chyang , Chen Yi-Ming Arthur
Published: November 2015

Dengue fever (DF) is a vector-borne disease caused by dengue viruses (DENVs). Epidemic dengue occurs intermittently in Taiwan. In 2014, Taiwan experienced its largest DF outbreak. There were 15,732 DF cases reported. There were a total of 136 dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases, of which 20 resulted in death. Most DF cases were reported in southern Taiwan. A total of 15,043 (96%) cases were from Kaohsiung, a modern city in southern Taiwan. This report reviews DF epidemics in Taiwan during 2005–2014. The correlation between DF and DHF along with temperature and precipitation were conjointly examined. We conclude that most dengue epidemics in Taiwan resulted from imported DF cases. Results indicate three main factors that may have been associated with this DF outbreak in Kaohsiung: an underground pipeline explosion combined with subsequent rainfall and higher temperature. These factors may have enhanced mosquito breeding activity, facilitating DENV transmission.
Smartphone Microscopy of Parasite Eggs Accumulated into a Single Field of View
Authors: Sowerby Stephen J. , Crump John A. , Johnstone Maree C. , Krause Kurt L. , Hill Philip C.
Published: November 2015

A Nokia Lumia 1020 cellular phone (Microsoft Corp., Auckland, New Zealand) was configured to image the ova of Ascaris lumbricoides converged into a single field of view but on different focal planes. The phone was programmed to acquire images at different distances and, using public domain computer software, composite images were created that brought all the eggs into sharp focus. This proof of concept informs a framework for field-deployable, point of care monitoring of soil-transmitted helminths.
Consistency of Use and Effectiveness of Household Water Treatment Practices Among Urban and Rural Populations Claiming to Treat Their Drinking Water at Home: A Case Study in Zambia
Authors: Rosa Ghislaine , Kelly Paul , Clasen Thomas
Published: November 2015

Household water treatment (HWT) can improve drinking water quality and prevent disease, if used correctly and consistently. While international monitoring suggests that 1.8 billion people practice HWT, these estimates are based on household surveys that may overstate the level of consistent use and do not address microbiological effectiveness. We sought to examine how HWT is practiced among households identified as HWT users according to international monitoring standards. Case studies were conducted in urban and rural Zambia. After a baseline survey (urban: 203 households, rural: 276 households) to identify HWT users, 95 urban and 82 rural households were followed up for 6 weeks. Consistency of HWT reporting was low; only 72.6% of urban and 50.0% of rural households reported to be HWT users in the subsequent visit. Similarly, availability of treated water was low, only 23.3% and 4.2% of urban and rural households, respectively, had treated water on all visits. Drinking water was significantly worse than source water in both settings. Only 19.6% of urban and 2.4% of rural households had drinking water free of thermotolerant coliforms on all visits. Our findings raise questions about the value of the data gathered through the international monitoring of HWT practices as predictors of water quality in the home.