bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute aortic dissection complicated with hemorrhagic aortopulmonary artery sheath: a review of the literature
Authors: Ma Weimei , Xiao Xiaojuan , Zhou Xuhui
Published: January 2023

A hemorrhagic aortopulmonary artery sheath (HAPS) is an infrequent and critical complication of aortic dissection (AD), which is caused by a hematoma extending through the ruptured aortic wall into the aortopulmonary artery sheath. The adventitial hematoma might narrow or even occlude the lumen of the pulmonary arteries and extend into the pulmonary interstitium and alveoli. The prompt and accurate recognition of HAPS on computed tomography (CT) is crucial and might assist in the diagnosis of unidentifiable AD. HAPS was manifested as high attenuation areas surrounded the pulmonary arteries without enhancement on CT; even thickened bronchovascular sheath and ground-glass consolidations surrounded bronchovascular distribution, which might be associated with the prognosis. Aggressive and effective surgical treatment is the primary determinant of short-term survival.
Automatic mammographic breast density classification in Chinese women: clinical validation of a deep learning model
Authors: Lin Xiaohui , Wu Shibin , Li Lin , Ouyang Rushan , Ma Jie , Yi Chunyan , Tang Yuxing
Published: January 2023

Background

High breast density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. As such, high consistency and accuracy in breast density assessment is necessary.

Purpose

To validate our proposed deep learning (DL) model and explore its impact on radiologists on density assessments.

Material and Methods

A total of 3732 mammographic cases were collected as a validated set: 1686 cases before the implementation of the DL model and 2046 cases after the DL model. Five radiologists were divided into two groups (junior and senior groups) to assess all mammograms using either two- or four-category evaluation. Linear-weighted kappa (K) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics were used to analyze the consistency between radiologists before and after implementation of the DL model.

Results

The accuracy and clinical acceptance of the DL model for the junior group were 96.3% and 96.8% for two-category evaluation, and 85.6% and 89.6% for four-category evaluation, respectively. For the senior group, the accuracy and clinical acceptance were 95.5% and 98.0% for two-category evaluation, and 84.3% and 95.3% for four-category evaluation, respectively. The consistency within the junior group, the senior group, and among all radiologists improved with the help of the DL model. For two-category, their K and ICC values improved to 0.81, 0.81, and 0.80 from 0.73, 0.75, and 0.76. And for four-category, their K and ICC values improved to 0.81, 0.82, and 0.82 from 0.73, 0.79, and 0.78, respectively.

Conclusion

The DL model showed high accuracy and clinical acceptance in breast density categories. It is helpful to improve radiologists’ consistency.
The predictive role of fatigue and neuropsychological components on functional outcomes in COVID-19 after a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program
Authors: Bompani Nicole , Bertella Laura , Barbieri Valentina , Scarabel Luca , Scarpina Federica , Perucca Laura , Rossi Paolo
Published: January 2023

Objective

To verify the impact of altered cognitive functioning and higher levels of mental fatigue, both reported after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), on rehabilitation treatment outcomes.

Methods

In this real-practice retrospective pre–post intervention cohort study, cognitive functioning, measured through standardized neuropsychological measures, and individual levels of fatigue, depression and anxiety symptoms, were evaluated at admission to a rehabilitation program in individuals who had been hospitalized for COVID-19. The rehabilitation program effectiveness was measured through the Functional Independence Measure.

Results

Among the patient sample ( n = 66), 87.88% reported experiencing high levels of fatigue at admission, while 16.67% reported depressive symptoms, and 22.73% reported anxiety symptoms. After rehabilitation, the sample displayed a significant decrease in the level of disability, in both the motor and cognitive subscales. Neuropsychological and psychological functioning did not play a predictive role. The 45 patients who received mechanical ventilation during intensive care, representing 68.18% of the sample, benefited more from rehabilitation treatment.

Conclusions

The results support the importance of an early rehabilitation program after COVID-19 infection, independent of the initial neuropsychological and psychological functioning. Respiratory assistance may represent a crucial factor for short-term neuropsychological disease after-effects. Future studies on the long-term neuropsychological effect of COVID-19 infection on individual levels of disability are necessary.
Establishment and validation of a nomogram to predict structural incomplete response in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Geng Chenchen , Tian Shuxu , Gao Xiaoqian , Li Xiaoguang , Ru Qi , Zhang Ping
Published: January 2023

Objective

To identify risk factors related to structural incomplete response (SIR) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and develop a nomogram for PTC patients.

Methods

In this respective study, clinical, ultrasonic, and pathological data of PTC patients treated at our institute between 2016 and 2020 were analyzed. Patients were randomly split into training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to determine independent prognostic factors. On the basis of these factors, a nomogram was built to predict SIR. P value, concordance index, calibration plots and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the model.

Results

Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that BRAF V600E status, lymph node metastasis, sex, tumor size, margin, and surgical procedure were independent prognostic factors. In the validation set, the concordance index of the nomogram was 0.774 (95% confidence interval: 0.703–0.845). Calibration plots at 3 and 5 years showed no apparent difference between predicted SIR probability and the actual SIR proportion. Additionally, the nomogram had good net clinical benefit according to the decision curve analysis compared with cases that were treat-all or treat-none.

Conclusion

We build a nomogram to predict individualized outcomes and help postoperative surveillance in PTC patients.
Long-term capacity planning for obstetric surgical suites using quantile linear regression
Authors: Dexter Franklin , Epstein Richard H , Thenuwara Kokila N
Published: January 2023

Obstetric surgical suites differ from most inpatient surgical suites, serving one specialty, and often small. We evaluated long-term capacity planning for these operating rooms. The retrospective cohort study included all caesarean births in three operating rooms over 28 years, 1994 through 2021, plus all other obstetric procedures over the latter 19 years. We calculated the obstetric anaesthesia activity index, 0.5 × neuraxial labour analgesia placement + 1.0 × caesarean births. Annual caesarean births from one year to the next had a Pearson linear correlation coefficient of 0.993. Therefore, linear regression can be used for long-term capacity planning. However, the difference between 0.9 and 0.1 quantiles in weekly caseloads was greater than tenfold larger than the annual rate of growth in births per week. Therefore, clinicians likely would be unable to distinguish, by experience, between growth versus being busy due to variability, suggesting value of the modelling. Over 19 years, the fraction of the obstetric workload from caesarean births was unchanging, Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.04. Therefore, use of the obstetric anaesthesia activity index to judge changes in workload was appropriate. The annual total for the index increased linearly, Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.98, supporting validity of the finding that long-term capacity can be planned with linear regression. The difference between 0.9 and 0.1 quantiles in weekly totals of the index exceeded annual rate of growth, supporting validity of the finding that variability week to week is very large relative to growth. These results help decision-makers ensure that operating rooms and staff meet referring hospitals’ needs.
Michael Perelman and the Persistence of Primitive Accumulation
Authors: Keaney Michael
Published: January 2023

JEL Classification: B32, B50
How Transparent Internal Communication From CEO, Supervisors, and Peers Leads to Employee Advocacy
Authors: Lee Yeunjae , Dong Enzhu
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of transparent internal communication from multiple communication entities within organizations—CEO, supervisors, and peers—in employees’ internal and external advocacy, respectively, with a consideration of the two mediators: employee-organization relationship (EOR) and employee empowerment. Results of an online survey with 403 full-time employees in the United States suggested that transparent communication from direct supervisors was positively related to employee advocacy via heightened EOR and empowerment. In addition, positive associations between CEOs’ transparent communication and employees’ external and internal advocacy via a favorable EOR were found, while transparent peer communication was positively related to employee advocacy through empowerment. Theoretical and practical implications for strategic internal communication are discussed.
Hybridity enabled: A research synthesis of the enabling conditions for hybrid professionalism in healthcare
Authors: Sartirana Marco , Giacomelli Giorgio
Published: January 2023

Hybrid professionals in healthcare organizations play a critical role, the characteristics, processes and implications of which have been thoroughly studied by scholars in the field. However, not as much attention has been paid to the conditions under which such roles might be taken by professionals entering the ground of management. This gap results into a lack of conceptual clarity and eventually ends being an obstacle in framing and ameliorating the tools needed to act such a role in its different phases. This is a research area worthy of a finer-grained understanding: the ability of organizations to effectively support role hybridization, in fact, is a requisite for professionals-managers' willingness to stay in the role and cope with the complexity that such a two-fold position entails, no matter what. Based on the results of a scoping literature review, this paper presents the enabling conditions for hybrid professionalism in healthcare, and proposes a classification of them into categories corresponding to different facets of hybrid role-taking: opportunities for interaction with management, tools supporting sense-making, and provision of delegation and autonomy. For each of these categories, organizational and management tools discussed in the literature are presented. The results of the study provide a road-map of the enabling conditions for hybrid professionalism that aims to be of practical convenience for managers and policy-makers in health care. Eventually, suggestions for organizational design and personnel management, as well as directions for further research, are highlighted.
Effect of sodium sulfate-diatomite eutectic mixture functionalized on Inconel 617 and 625 alloys surface a comparative study
Authors: Prem Kumar M , Manikandan M
Published: January 2023

The global impact on climate change switches to the use of renewable energy. Nowadays, the concentrated solar power (CSP) power plant received more attention in the researcher’s interest. The major problem associated with the CSP plant is the hot corrosion in the container materials exposed under phase change material (PCM). In the present study, Inconel 617 and 625 were used as container materials and Na2SO4 (50 Wt.%) +Diatomite (50 Wt.%) as PCM. The PCM based environmental assisted hot corrosion studies were conducted on container materials at 900°C for 40, 80, and 120 h duration. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed the selected PCM melting temperature. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is performed to determine the mass loss of the PCM. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the chemical compatibility between Na2SO4 and diatomite. After hot corrosion at 120 h for 900°C, the weight change values are 3.1 and 2.6 mg/cm2 for Inconel 617 and Inconel 625. In addition, the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis were carried out to evaluate the hot corrosion behavior. The result indicates that the formation of NiO, Cr2O3, and SiO2 provides better resistance to corrosion in both container materials. Overall, Inconel 625 shows good corrosion resistance compared to Inconel 617 in a PCM environment.
Thermal, structural, and morphological examination of mercerized coir fiber–reinforced composites
Authors: Dugvekar Mitali , Dixit Savita
Published: January 2023

In recent times, the use of discarded single-use plastics in the manufacture of value-added products has increased drastically. Their use as recycled materials significantly reduce the environmental impact of waste plastic pollution, encourage sustainability, and provide an alternate solution to their disposal. This research also investigates and discusses the use of recycled low-density polyethylene in the form of milk pouches, collapsible tubes, and medicinal strips along with coir fiber as reinforcement for the fabrication of polymer composites. Composites were manufactured by compression molding technique and the effect of fiber surface treatment on the mechanical, morphological and structural characteristics was studied. Thermal stability was also studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It was observed that treating cellulosic fibers with 5% NaOH improved the wettability and interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrix. Thermal stability was increased and a better mechanical property was achieved. Based on the finding of this research, it was concluded that using recycled plastic could produce a notable reduction in waste accumulation and the composites made by their incorporation also show better mechanical and morphological properties. They proved to be a sustainable and greener solution to the problem of waste management.
Diagnostic approach to monkeypox outbreak, a case-control study
Authors: Moretti Marco , Heymans Benjamin , Yin Nicolas , Kaur Simran , Libois Agnes , Quoilin Sophie , Martin Charlotte
Published: January 2023

Background

An international outbreak of the monkeypox (MPX) virus is ongoing with a different clinical presentation than previously reported.

Objective

A monocentric retrospective study was designed to investigate clinical predictors of confirmed MPX cases among a group of patients referred for MPX screening. Furthermore, the additional value of performing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on multiple anatomical sites was analyzed.

Methods

Between 28/05/2022 and 22/07/2022, the medical records of patients referred for MPX screening were investigated. Patients with positive RT-PCR were defined as cases, while the ones with negative RT-PCR as controls. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to estimate predictors of MPX diagnosis.

Results

Among the 141 included patients, 85 (60%) had at least one positive RT-PCR for MPX. Carrying out RT-PCR only on the swab obtained by skin lesion sampling, 7 patients (7/85: 8%) would have been misdiagnosed. Multivariable regression analysis showed significant differences in the independent variables: “being men who have sex with men (MSM)”, “living with HIV”, “having multiple sexual partners in the last 3 weeks”, and “having skin lesions in the anogenital area” for prediction of MPX diagnosis. These four discriminants were used to create a score to improve diagnosis in patients screened for MPX.

Conclusion

MPX diagnosis was associated with being MSM, living with HIV, having multiple sexual partners, and presenting with anogenital skin lesions. In this study, the derived score had good sensitivity and specificity to predict MPX diagnosis. Finally, performing multi-site swabs for MPX RT-PCR might lower false negative rates.
Facile preparation of polyaniline/graphene oxide composite towards electrode materials
Authors: Mupit Muazzin , Azam Mohd Asyadi , Islam Muhammad Remanul , Yunus Rosli , Kooi Ong Siew , Mohd Szali Januddi Mohd Al Fatihhi
Published: January 2023

Polyaniline (PANi) reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) composites were synthesized via in-situ polymerization. The GO was synthesized from natural graphite flakes via the modified Hummer's method. The PANi/GO composites were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The composites were used as supercapacitor electrodes and the performances were measured by the specific gravimetric capacitance ( Csp) from cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge characteristics. The maximum value of [Formula: see text] was recorded as 36 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g for a loading of 50 wt.% of GO. However, the maximum energy density and power density were recorded as of 2.28 Wh kg−1 and 259.06 W kg−1, respectively, for the loading of 10 wt.% of GO. Additionally, the PANi/GO exhibited the highest capacitance retention of about 76.96% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 1 A/g. The electrochemical performance of the PANi/GO composites was suitable to be used for energy storage devices application.
To know and be known: Mexican borderland mothers’ epistemic experiences
Authors: Verdín Azucena , Torres Maria , Bush Brookelyn
Published: January 2023

Few studies have examined how Mexican-origin mothers experience epistemic harm irrespective of its impact on childrearing. Clinicians and researchers can benefit from understanding how public narratives of (un)belonging influence the development of Mexican-origin mothers’ knowledge construction and identity as knowers. We used Chicana decolonial feminisms to examine the epistemic experiences of seven Mexican-origin mothers in the US–Mexico borderlands during a period of heightened racist, nativist, and anti-family violence. Participants between the ages of 22 and 51 years completed in-depth semi structured testimonio interviews in Spanish, English, and Spanglish, an admixture of both English and Spanish common among bilingual Americans of Mexican descent. Epistemic experiences were intertwined with crossing, bridging, and the liminality associated with navigating diverse citizenship discourses as gendered, racialized knowers. Three themes were identified including brown-on-brown conflict, discrimination denial, and co-family as sources of new knowledge. Participants experienced epistemic harm from expected and unexpected sources, including within-family invalidations that were especially disorienting. Epistemic growth arose from relational, integrated co-construction of new knowledge, but epistemic harm also appeared to cultivate internalized nativist fears in some participants.
Cysteine-rich 61(CYR61) alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced proliferation inhibition in ovarian granulosa cells via suppressing NLRP3/caspase1-mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Xu Hongxia , Bao Xiumin , Yang Junya , Kong Hanxin , Li Yan , Sun Zhiwei
Published: January 2023

Background

We investigated the level of Cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61) in premature ovarian failure as well as its regulatory molecular mechanism in this study.

Methods and Results

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) was used to induce OGCs (rat ovarian granulosa cells) and rats to establish in vivo and in vitro premature ovarian failure models. H&E staining was used to detect the pathological changes of ovarian histopathology. Si-NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, NLRP3) and si-CYR61 were transfected into OGCs using lipofectamine 3000. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to detect the expressions of CYR61 in ovarian tissue and OGCs. It showed that the expression of CYR61 was significantly down-regulated in premature ovarian failure model. Cell viability was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) kit. TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling) staining was used to detect the apoptosis. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and SA-β-gal (senescence-associated β-galactosidase) staining were used to assess the proliferation and senescence. The expression of CYR61 in OGCs and ovarian tissues were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Overexpression of CYR61 significantly promoted OGCs proliferation and inhibited pyroptosis and apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of p53 and p21 in OGCs. Flow cytometry was used to detect the pyroptosis. CYR61 overexpression inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in CTX-induced OGCs according to western blot results. Moreover, we found that CYR61 overexpression down-regulated the protein expressions of p53 and p21 in CTX-induced OGCs.

Conclusion:

CYR61 inhibited CTX-induced OGCs senescence, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of caspase-1/NLRP3-induced pyroptosis.
Relationship between the EULAR/ACR classification criteria and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mok Chi Chiu , Chung Yuen Kwan , Lee Carolyn , Ho Ling Yin , To Chi Hung
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To study the relationship between the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria and organ damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Patients involved in a cross-sectional validation study of the EULAR/ACR criteria and judged by a panel of rheumatologists to be clinical SLE were studied. Those who fulfilled the EULAR/ACR criteria at their last clinic visit were stratified into 2 groups based on a cutoff score of 20. The last SLE International Collaborating Clinic (SLICC) Organ Damage Index (SDI) was compared between these two groups. Relationship among the domains of the EULAR/ACR criteria and SDI in all patients was studied by using Spearman’s rank correlation.

Results

A total of 562 SLE patients were studied (93.6% women; age 36.5 ± 14.1 years; follow-up duration 11.6 ± 6.6 years). The mean and median EULAR/ACR criteria scores in those who fulfilled the EULAR/ACR criteria ( N = 542) were 24.6 ± 7.3 and 24 (interquartile range 19–30), respectively. A total of 392 patients had EULAR/ACR scores of ≥20 (group 1), and 150 patients had scores of 10–19 (group 2). Group 1 patients had significantly higher prevalence of fever, alopecia, oral ulcers, acute lupus skin lesions, arthritis, serositis, seizure, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, and renal disease and so were the anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, antiphospholipid antibodies, and low complement state. Organ damage (SDI score of ≥1) occurred in 232 (42.8%) patients. Patients in group 1 had significantly higher SDI scores in the renal, cardiovascular, dermatological, and gonadal domains than group 2. The renal, neuropsychiatric, and antiphospholipid antibody domain scores of the EULAR/ACR criteria correlated positively with the total SDI. The renal domain of the EULAR/ACR criteria had the strongest correlation with renal damage (Rho 0.30; p < 0.001). Patients who scored 10 points in the renal domain had significantly higher renal damage score than those scored 8 points or 4 points. Gonadal damage score was also significantly more common in the 10-point than in the 8-point group.

Conclusion

In addition to disease classification, the EULAR/ACR SLE criteria may have value in predicting prognosis.
From Man's to Practical Anatomy: The evolution of an anatomical textbook
Authors: Štrkalj G , Billings BK
Published: January 2023

This paper traces the history of Man's Anatomy, one of the most influential anatomy textbooks produced on the African continent. Authored by the two renowned South African educators Phillip Vallentine Tobias and Maurice Arnold, the first volume of this book was published in 1963. Both an anatomy textbook and a dissection manual Man's Anatomy included an in-depth exposition of structures of the human body, presented in an innovative and engaging way. In 1999, in line with the developments in medical and anatomy education as well as broader societal changes, the book was significantly condensed, and its name changed to Practical Anatomy. The second edition of Practical Anatomy was published in 2020 and is currently still in use at many South African universities.
Prospective Cohort Study on the Impact of Early Versus Late Inpatient Palliative Care on Length of Stay and Cost of Care
Authors: Srinivasan Vamshek J. , Akhtar Saad , Huppertz John W. , Sidhu Mandeep , Coates Andrew , Knudsen Nancy
Published: January 2023

Aim: To evaluate the impact of early vs late palliative care on (1) length of stay (LOS) in the context of expected LOS measures and (2) total cost of care to the hospital for each patient. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed at a single large academic medical center on patients who received an inpatient palliative care consultation. The two cohorts were early palliative care (within 3 days of admission) and late palliative care (after 3 days of admission). Comparisons were made between patients’ actual LOS, expected LOS, and total hospital costs between both cohorts. Results: Compared to the late palliative care cohort (N = 126), patients who received early palliative care (N = 68) had a significantly shorter LOS ( P < .001) and also performed better compared to CMS-Expected LOS standards (Observed/Expected 3.1 vs 1.5 respectively; P < .001). Early palliative care patients also saw an average decline of $1431 in total costs 1-day pre/post consult as opposed to a more modest $403 decline in the later palliative care cohort ( P < .001). Similarly, patients who received early palliative care had a $5839 decline in aggregated total 3-day costs, as opposed to a $1478 decline in those who received late palliative care ( P < .001). Conclusions: In the competitive and rapidly evolving healthcare system, the opportunity to suppress costs and lower patient LOS has increasing importance. Our study strongly supports the implementation of earlier palliative care intervention to assist hospitals in approaching LOS targets and reducing patient costs.
Addressing Grief and Bereavement in Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Arora Saachi , Bhatia Sangeeta
Published: January 2023

Losses that took place during the covid 19 pandemic are recognised as “bad deaths”. They are characterized by physical discomfort, difficulty breathing, social isolation, psychological distress and ineffective care. The experience of grief has been even more challenging during the covid times as compared to the usual grief prior to the pandemic due to the lack of resources that assist in coping. Lack of social support, uncertainty about the future, lack of routine, and absence of mourning rituals deny the bereaved with the basic opportunity to grieve adaptively. Enhancing advance care planning may help dying patients to receive effective care. Virtual funeral services, extending support through telephonic conversations, online psychotherapy and encouraging continuing bonds with the deceased assist individuals who experience grief and bereavement. The current chapter focuses on expanding awareness about the nature of grief during the pandemic and understanding effective measures to mitigate complicated grief across various subgroups of the society who experienced grief as a result of the covid-19 pandemic.
Current Practice Patterns and Training Pathways for Feeding Infants with Cleft Palate
Authors: Kotlarek Katelyn J. , Benson Mikayla , Williams Jessica
Published: January 2023

Objective

To examine the current trends and practices across disciplines for feeding infants with cleft palate with or without cleft lip and to describe provider training within this area

Design

Prospective survey

Setting

ACPA approved cleft palate teams and healthcare providers in the United States and Canada

Participants

Interdisciplinary providers that regularly provide feeding services to infants with cleft palate

Intervention

50-item survey designed and distributed electronically via the ACPA

Main Outcome Measures

Information on provider demographics and practice patterns

Results

76 respondents included providers in North America that have either currently or previously served on a cleft palate team. The majority of respondents were in speech-language pathology (49%) or nursing (38%) disciplines, worked in an outpatient setting (70%), and received no information (68%) regarding cleft palate feeding in their academic training. While specific practice patterns were relatively consistent across the respondent cohort, provider characteristics were significantly associated with squeezing the Haberman ( p = .013) and likelihood of collaboration with other providers when counseling parents/caregivers ( p = .039).

Conclusions

While provider characteristics varied, there were similar practice patterns observed across disciplines. Future research is needed explore training related to feeding knowledge as well as practice patterns in locations with a lower patient volume.
Modelling of factors underlying the evolution of human language
Authors: Ruland Marcel , Andirkó Alejandro , Romanowska Iza , Boeckx Cedric
Published: January 2023

A central question in the evolution of human language is how it emerged. Based on recent research across disciplines, we identified three processes proposed as potential driving factors behind the evolution of ‘modern’ language phenotype: i) a reduction in reactive aggression entailing a boost in prosociality and cooperation, ii) a change in early brain growth trajectory that impacted structures like the cerebellum and striatum, and thus likely impacted the (procedural) memory circuits these regions support, and iii) a demographic expansion of H. sapiens during the Middle Pleistocene. While extensively researched on their own, the interaction between these three processes has yet to be investigated systematically. We develop an abstract agent-based model to interrogate the relationship between these three factors and how they influence transmission of information within a population, which we take to be the essence of language. The model abstracts linguistic capacity to an ‘array of skills’ and investigates under what conditions the number of skills increases. The results demonstrate that there is an optimal degree of cooperation and memory capacity at which the amount of transmitted information is the highest. Our model also shows that separate linguistic communities arise under circumstances where individuals have high levels of memory capacity and there is at least a certain degree of non-cooperation. In contrast, we find no significant direct effects for population size in the process of linguistic community formation. Taken together, these results highlight the explanatory benefits of combining insights from cognitive science, archaeology, and computational modelling.
Drugs That Interact With Colchicine Via Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-Glycoprotein: A Signal Detection Analysis Using a Database of Spontaneously Reported Adverse Events (FAERS)
Authors: Gómez-Lumbreras Ainhoa , Boyce Richard D. , Villa-Zapata Lorenzo , Tan Malinda S. , Hansten Philip D. , Horn John , Malone Daniel C.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Colchicine has a narrow therapeutic index. Its toxicity can be increased due to concomitant exposure to drugs inhibiting its metabolic pathway; these are cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

Objective:

To examine clinical outcomes associated with colchicine drug interactions using the spontaneous reports of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods:

We conducted a disproportionality analysis using FAERS data from January 2004 through June 2020. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) and observed-to-expected ratio (O/E) with shrinkage for adverse events related to colchicine’s toxicity (ie, rhabdomyolysis/myopathy, agranulocytosis, hemorrhage, acute renal failure, hepatic failure, arrhythmias, torsade de pointes/QT prolongation, and cardiac failure) were compared between FAERS reports.

Results:

A total of 787 reports included the combined mention of colchicine, an inhibitor of both CYP3A4 and P-gp drug, and an adverse event of interest. Among reports that indicated the severity, 61% mentioned hospitalization and 24% death. A total of 37 ROR and 34 O/E safety signals involving colchicine and a CYP3A4/P-gp inhibitor were identified. The strongest ROR signal was for colchicine + atazanavir and rhabdomyolysis/myopathy (ROR = 35.4, 95% CI: 12.8-97.6), and the strongest O/E signal was for colchicine + atazanavir and agranulocytosis (O/E = 3.79, 95% credibility interval: 3.44-4.03).

Conclusion and Relevance:

This study identifies numerous safety signals for colchicine and CYP3A4/P-gp inhibitor drugs. Avoiding the interaction or monitoring for toxicity in patients when co-prescribing colchicine and these agents is highly recommended.
Conversion From Intravenous Alteplase to Tenecteplase for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke Across a Large Community Hospital Health System
Authors: Dittmar Erika , Wolfel Thomas , Menendez Lourdes , Pozo Jessilyn , Ramirez Maygret , Belnap Starlie C. , De Los Rios La Rosa Felipe
Published: January 2023

Background:

Recent evidence suggests tenecteplase at an intravenous dose of 0.25 mg/kg is as safe and efficacious as intravenous alteplase standard dose and demonstrates a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile for treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Objective:

The purpose was to compare the safety and efficacy of alteplase versus tenecteplase for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke at a large community hospital health system following conversion in the preferred formulary thrombolytic.

Methods:

Prior to converting, medication safety and operationalization analyses were conducted. A multicenter, retrospective medical record review was performed for patients who received alteplase 6 months prior to formulary thrombolytic conversion and for tenecteplase 6 months post-conversion for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Primary outcomes included the rate of symptomatic intracranial and extracranial hemorrhage complications. Secondary outcomes included door-to-needle time, reduction in National Institute Health Stroke Scale at 24 hours and at discharge, order-to-administration time, and thrombolytic errors. The rates of hemorrhage were compared using binomial regression.

Results:

Of the 287 patients reviewed, 115 received alteplase and 172 received tenecteplase. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhagic complications occurred in 1 patient (1%) who received alteplase compared with 3 patients (2%) who received tenecteplase ( P = 0.9). There was no statistical difference in rates of symptomatic intracranial or extracranial hemorrhagic complications.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Conversion from alteplase to tenecteplase can be safely and effectively achieved at a large community hospital health system with differing levels of stroke certification. There were also additional cost savings and practical advantages including workflow benefits.
Brincidofovir: A Novel Agent for the Treatment of Smallpox
Authors: Huston Jessica , Curtis Stacey , Egelund Eric F.
Published: January 2023

Objective:

This article reviews the published data encompassing the development, pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of brincidofovir, a nucleotide analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor developed for the treatment of smallpox.

Data Sources:

A literature review was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception up to December 2022, using terms Tembexa, brincidofovir, CMX001, smallpox treatment, and variola treatment.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Data were limited to studies published in English language, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of brincidofovir.

Data Synthesis:

Two surrogate animal models were included in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) decision to approve brincidofovir: ectromelia virus in mice and rabbitpox in rabbits. Phases 2 and 3 studies established safety for approval. Brincidofovir biweekly for the treatment of disseminated adenovirus disease resulted in all-cause mortality, ranging from 13.8% to 29%. In a study for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis, patients with clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection through week 24 posttransplant was 51.2% with brincidofovir and 52.3% with placebo.

Conclusions:

Brincidofovir adds a second oral agent to treat smallpox, with a different mechanism of action than tecovirimat. In the event of a smallpox outbreak, prompt treatment will be necessary to contain its spread. Brincidofovir shows efficacy in surrogate animal models. In healthy volunteers and individuals treated, or used as prophylaxis, for cytomegalovirus or adenovirus, the primary adverse events were gastrointestinal in addition to transient hepatotoxicity. Additionally, excessive deaths were observed in hematopoietic cell transplant patients receiving it as cytomegalovirus prophylaxis, requiring a black box warning.
Green alternative for sodium metabisulfite substitution: Comparison of bacterial and fungal proteases effect in hard biscuit making
Authors: Saberi Farzad , Kouhsari Fatemeh , Gasparre Nicola
Published: January 2023

Sodium metabisulfite is one of the most employed reducing agents in hard biscuit making. The recent results about its adverse effects on human health have pushed us to look in new safer and greener directions. Two different proteases, from distinct strains (bacterial and fungal), were selected and their effects on the dough thermomechanical performances, texture, and structure of the hard biscuits were compared with those obtained from the sodium metabisulfite. Doughs treated with fungal protease showed higher stability during mixing and higher consistency throughout the heating stage. On the other hand, bacterial protease had the greatest weakening effect on protein with a marked reduction of starch gelatinization. Doughs processed with fungal enzymes reached similar values to those containing sodium metabisulfite. In terms of hardness, no significant ( p < 0.05) differences were found between biscuits made with bacterial protease and sodium metabisulfite. Analysis of the volumetric characteristics highlighted that bacterial enzymes gave higher values of specific volume and surface area. Regarding the structure of the hard biscuits, sodium metabisulfite produced a more uniform structure with fewer and smaller pockets as compared with the samples treated with proteases.
Machine Learning and MRI-based Diagnostic Models for ADHD: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Zhang-James Yanli , Razavi Ali Shervin , Hoogman Martine , Franke Barbara , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: January 2023

Objective:

Machine learning (ML) has been applied to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based diagnostic classifiers for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review examines this literature to clarify its clinical significance and to assess the implications of the various analytic methods applied.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search on MRI-based diagnostic classifiers for ADHD was performed and data regarding the utilized models and samples were gathered.

Results:

We found that, although most studies reported the classification accuracies, they varied in choice of MRI modalities, ML models, cross-validation and testing methods, and sample sizes. We found that the accuracies of cross-validation methods inflated the performance estimation compared with those of a held-out test, compromising the model generalizability. Test accuracies have increased with publication year but were not associated with training sample sizes. Improved test accuracy over time was likely due to the use of better ML methods along with strategies to deal with data imbalances.

Conclusion:

Ultimately, large multi-modal imaging datasets, and potentially the combination with other types of data, like cognitive data and/or genetics, will be essential to achieve the goal of developing clinically useful imaging classification tools for ADHD in the future.
Cultural Value Orientation and Hospitality Employee Voice Behavior: The Moderating Role of Leader–Member Exchange (LMX)
Authors: Lu Allan Cheng Chieh , Gursoy Dogan
Published: January 2023

This study examines the effects of three cultural values, namely long-term orientation, collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance, on two types of employee voice behavior: promotive and prohibitive. It also investigates whether leader–member exchange theory (LMX) moderates the relationships between the three cultural values and two types of employee voice behavior. Using 387 hotel employees in Taiwan, the statistical results show that all three cultural values have positive effects on both promotive and prohibitive voice behavior. The results also indicate that LMX strengthens the positive relationships between the three cultural values and two types of employee voice behavior. Research and practical implications derived from the findings of this study are discussed, for the extant hospitality literature and Taiwanese hoteliers.
Does Tourism Growth Influence Destination Residents’ Welfare in China? The Mediating Effect of Cuisine Diversity
Authors: Liang Sai , Ma Jing , Yang Yang , Wu Danmeng
Published: January 2023

This paper examines whether tourism can improve the diversity of cuisine and destination residents’ welfare. We constructed a theoretical model of tourism development-driven diversified welfare and found that, in open cities which receive tourists, non-tradable goods can be diversified by tourism development, which can enhance residents’ welfare. We further used cuisine diversity as a proxy of the diversity of non-tradable goods and established a panel dataset. Regression results indicate that tourism intensity positively influences cuisine diversity and welfare. The impact of tourism intensity on welfare can be realized through the mediating effect of cuisine diversity. Our findings remain robust after robustness checks, and subsample analysis shows that the positive impact of tourism on welfare is more remarkable in urban destinations with limited resources for tourism development and undeveloped cities.
Anthropology in Evaluation: Free-Listing to Generate Cultural Models
Authors: Placek Caitlyn D. , Budzielek Eric , White Lillian , Williams Deanna
Published: January 2023

Free-listing is a quick, semi-quantitative methodology commonly used by anthropologists to uncover information within a cultural domain. In this method note, we review how anthropologists have used free-listing in a variety of research settings. We then apply the social-ecological framework to describe how free-listing can be used for formative, process, outcome, and impact stages of program evaluation. Each type of evaluation includes a set of example free-list prompts to help researchers begin using this tool. We propose that free-listing is a beneficial data collection method in program evaluation. The free-listing method has identified barriers to treatment within our own work with clients recovering from either substance use disorder or opioid use disorder and has aided in providing flexible, individualized services. We conclude by providing recommendations for collecting free-list data and demonstrating the ease of computing free-list results by providing instructions and an example on how to analyze free-list responses.
Clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of early-onset gingivitis and periodontitis in cats (1997–2022)
Authors: Soltero-Rivera Maria , Vapniarsky Natalia , Rivas Iris L , Arzi Boaz
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to characterize the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of early-onset gingivitis (EOG) and periodontitis in cats.

Methods

The medical records database was searched for cats diagnosed with histologically confirmed EOG or periodontitis from 1997 to 2022. Information such as medical history, lifestyle factors, clinical presentation, radiographic and histopathologic features were included for 27 client-owned cats. Response to treatment and long-term follow-up was also recorded.

Results

Moderate-to-severe periodontal disease was radiographically confirmed in 78% (21/27) of cats with moderate-to-severe EOG, compared with the evidence of periodontal disease noted in 30% (8/27) of cases during awake oral examination. Horizontal bone loss, along with missing teeth, were the predominant radiographic features noted in 89% (24/27) of cases. The predominant histopathologic feature was moderate-to-severe, erosive-to-ulcerative, neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with varying degrees of epithelial and stromal hyperplasia. Two cats developed feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS)-like lesions, and seven cats exhibited worsening of aggressive periodontitis (AP). Lack of improvement in the severity of gingivitis or clinical signs evident at the first follow-up appointment was significantly associated with progression of disease ( P = 0.004).

Conclusions and relevance

The results of this study demonstrate the importance of oral evaluations in cats as early as 6 months of age. For cats exhibiting substantial gingivitis, an anesthetized evaluation, periodontal treatment and long-term monitoring are recommended. Given the high frequency of moderate-to-severe periodontitis encountered in these cats, clients should be informed about the potential need for tooth extractions. EOG may progress to AP. Finally, this study suggests that there could be a link between EOG and FCGS; however, further studies are needed to better characterize this condition and establish any potential link between the two entities.
The effectiveness of tele-triage during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Farzandipour Mehrdad , Nabovati Ehsan , Sharif Reihane
Published: January 2023

Background

Telehealth services were used by healthcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to identify and manage patients at the forefront of the healthcare system. As one of these technologies, tele-triage refers to the assessment of a patient's health status through telephone or another means of communication and recommending treatment or providing appropriate referrals in emergency rooms and primary care offices. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of tele-triage, as one of these technologies, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant English articles published since the pandemic's onset until December 30, 2021. Studies investigating the tele-triage's effect on patient safety, clinical outcomes, and patient satisfaction were included. Data on study characteristics, intervention characteristics, and their effects on study outcomes were extracted separately by two authors. A narrative synthesis of the included studies was ultimately performed.

Results

Out of the 6312 retrieved studies, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The tele-triage intervention was offered by an algorithm-based system in eight studies (57.14%) and by healthcare providers in six other studies (42.86%) to determine the patient's level of care. According to the results, tele-triage interventions during COVID-19 can reduce unnecessary emergency room visits (by 1.2–22.2%), improve clinical outcomes after intervention (such as would closure in diabetic feet), reduce mortality and injuries, and ensure patient satisfaction with tele-triage (53–98%).

Conclusions

This study found that tele-triage interventions reduced unnecessary visits, improved clinical outcomes, reduced mortality, and injuries, increased patient satisfaction, reduced healthcare provider workload, improved access to primary care consultation, and increased patient safety and satisfaction. Therefore, tele-triage systems are not only suitable for providing acute and emergency care remotely but they are also recommended as an alternative tool to monitor and diagnose COVID-19.