bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial agent-releasing scaffolds in dental tissue engineering
Authors: Gholami Zahra , Hasanpour Shirin , Sadigh Samira , Johari Sana , Shahveghar Zahra , Ataei Kosar , Javari Eelahe , Amani Mahsa , Javadi Kia Leila , Delir Akbari Zahra , Nazari Zahra , Maleki Dizaj Solmaz , Rezaei Yashar
Published: July 2021

It seems quite challenging in tissue engineering to synthesize a base material with a range of essential activities, including biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and antimicrobial activities. Various types of materials are synthesized to solve the problem. This study aimed to provide the latest relevant information for practitioners about antibacterial scaffolds in dental tissue engineering. The PubMed search engine was used to review the relevant studies with a combination of the following terms as search queries: tissue engineering, scaffolds, antimicrobial, dentistry, dental stem cells, and oral diseases. It is noteworthy to state that only the terms related to tissue engineering in dentistry were considered. The antimicrobial scaffolds support the local tissue regeneration and prevent adverse inflammatory reactions; however, not all scaffolds have such positive characteristics. To resolve this potential defect, different antimicrobial agents are used during the synthesis process. Innovative methods in guided tissue engineering are actively working towards new ways to control oral and periodontal diseases.
Crack growth pattern analysis of monolithic glass ceramic on a titanium abutment for single crown implant restorations using smooth particle hydrodynamics algorithm
Authors: Kashfi Mohammad , Fakhri Parisa , Ghavamian Ataollah , Pourrabia Payam , Salehi Ghalesefid Fatemeh , Kahhal Parviz
Published: July 2021

Background. Glass ceramic materials have multiple applications in various prosthetic fields. Despite the many advantages of these materials, they still have limitations such as fragility and surface machining and ease of repairing. Crack propagation has been a typical concern in fullceramic crowns, for which many successful numerical simulations have been carried out using the extended finite element method (XFEM). However, XFEM cannot correctly predict a primary crack growth direction under dynamic loading on the implant crown. Methods. In this work, the dental implant crown and abutment were modeled in CATIA V5R19 software using a CT-scan technique based on the human first molar. The crown was approximated with 39514 spherical particles to reach a reasonable convergence in the results. In the present work, glass ceramic was considered the crown material on a titanium abutment. The simulation was performed for an impactor with an initial velocity of 25 m/s in the implant-abutment axis direction. We took advantage of smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) such that the burden of defining a primary crack growth direction was suppressed. Results. The simulation results demonstrated that the micro-crack onset due to the impact wave in the ceramic crown first began from the crown incisal edge and then extended to the margin due to increased stress concentration near the contact region. At 23.36 µs, the crack growth was observed in two different directions based on the crown geometry, and at the end of the simulation, some micro-cracks were also initiated from the crown margin. Moreover, the results showed that the SPH algorithm could be considered an alternative robust tool to predict crack propagation in brittle materials, particularly for the implant crown under dynamic loading. Conclusion. The main achievement of the present study was that the SPH algorithm is a helpful tool to predict the crack growth pattern in brittle materials, especially for ceramic crowns under dynamic loading. The predicted crack direction showed that the initial crack was divided into two branches after its impact, leading to the crown fracture. The micro-crack initiated from the crown incisal edge and then extended to the crown margin due to the stress concentration near the contact area.
The Effect of Problem-Solving-Approach-Based Counselling on Maternal Role Adaptation in Women with Late Preterm Infant: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rajabi Atefeh , Maleki Azam , Dadashi Mohsen , Karami Tanha Farzaneh
Published: July 2021

Abstract Introduction: Mothers with preterm infants experience numerous stressful problems which can have negative effects on maternal role adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of consultation using a problem-solving approach on adaptation to the maternal role in women with late preterm infants. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was carried out on 80 women with spontaneous late preterm infants recruited at Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan. Using convenience sampling method, the participants were assigned into two groups of intervention and control according to block design. Taking a problem-solving approach, counselling was carried out individually in four sessions. The control group received only routine care. The data were collected using adaptation to maternal role questionnaire including 33 items based on a five-point Likert scale ranging in seven areas, in two steps (before counselling and one month after the last counselling session). Data analysis was performed using the SPSS ver. 16.0 software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: The total score of adaptations to maternal role and its areas was significantly higher in the intervention group after the follow-up period. Conclusion: A comprehensive counselling including various dimensions of maternity adaptation had a positive effect on improving the adaptation to maternal role in mothers with late preterm infants.
The Effect of Midwife-led Psycho-Education on Parental Stress, Postpartum Depression and Parental Competency in High Risk Pregnancy Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chaharrahifard Leila , Jashni Motlagh Alireza , Akbari-Kamrani Mahnaz , Ataee Mina , Esmaelzadeh –Saeieh Sara
Published: July 2021

Abstract Introduction: Women with high-risk pregnancy are at increased risk of depression and anxiety during pregnancy, as well as a less favorable parent-infant interaction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of midwife-led psycho-education intervention on parental stress, competency, and postpartum depression in nulliparous women hospitalized with high-risk pregnancy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 66 nulliparous women admitted to the high-risk pregnancy ward of Kamali Hospital, Karaj, Iran. Using convenient sampling method, the mothers were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. In addition to routine care, the intervention group received four sessions of midwife-led psycho-education intervention in two group sessions in pregnancy and two individual sessions immediately after delivery. The parental stress, parental competency, and postpartum depression questionnaires were used for data collection before, after, and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software ver. 13.0. Repeated-measures ANOVA test was used for comparing the mean scores of parenting stress, parental competency, and depression between and within both study groups before, after, and one month after delivery. Results: While postpartum depression and parental stress decreased in intervention group, parental competency increased. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that midwife-led psycho-education was effective on parental stress, competency, and postpartum depression in high-risk pregnancy mothers. Accordingly, prenatal distress in high-risk pregnancies should be assessed routinely.
Comparing the Effects of Pulsatile and Continuous Flushing on Time and Type of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters Patency: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Javad , Eidy Fereshteh , Kianmehr Majid , Firouzian Ali Asghar , Hajiabadi Fatemeh , Marhamati Mahmoud , Firooz Mahbobeh
Published: July 2021

Abstract Introduction: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PICs) patency techniques such as flushing are being developed. According to some studies, flushing can be used continuously or in pulsatile forms. This study aimed to compare the effects of pulsatile flushing (PF) and continuous flushing (CF) on time and type of PICs patency. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 71 patients were randomly assigned into two groups of PF (n=35) and CF (n=36). The PF protocol was performed as successive injections of 1 mL normal saline (N/S) per second (sec) with a delay of less than 1 sec until the completion of 5 mL of solution. However, CF protocol was performed by injecting 5 mL N/S within 5 sec without any delay before and after each medicine administration. Data related to the time and type of PICs patency were collected using a patency checklist every 12 hours (h) up to 96 h. The statistical analysis was done by R statistical software (Version 3.5.1). Results: The results showed that the number of PICs remaining open was not significantly different between PF and CF groups during 96 h. The highest number of PICs excluded from the study was related to the time of 96 h as a result of partial patency in the two groups. Conclusion: There was no difference between CF and PF regarding the time and type of PICs patency. Thus, both techniques can be used to maintain the catheter patency.
Association between Perceived Social Support and Health-Promoting lifestyle in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fathnezhad-Kazemi Azita , Aslani Armin , Hajian Sepideh
Published: July 2021

Abstract Introduction: Adopting health-promoting lifestyle might be affected by a variety of factors. The existing evidence suggests that social support can improve health by fulfilling physical and mental needs. This study aimed to investigate the association between social support and health-promoting lifestyle in Pregnancy. Methods: Using multistage cluster sampling method, this cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 pregnant women. Data were collected using three questionnaires, including a self-reported demographic and obstetric, health-promoting lifestyle profile and perceived social support questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression model with SPSS software ver. 21 with. Results: The mean (SD) of health-promoting behaviors was 135.21(20.03). Amongst the different dimensions of health-promoting behaviors, the highest mean was detected in spiritual growth 26.84 (4.90) and nutrition 26.17 (4.22), respectively. Meanwhile, the lowest scores were detected in sub-domains of stress management 19.80 (3.78) and physical activity 16.71(4.14), respectively. The mean (SD) of perceived social support was 60.31 (14.75), and 51.7% of the participants had intermediate social support. Results indicated a significant difference between the mean score of Health-Promoting Lifestyle at different levels of social support. There was a direct and significant association between the scores of social support and health-promoting behavior (r=0.36; P<0.001). Conclusion: Pregnant women with better perception of social support had a better performance in adopting health-promoting Lifestyle. However, the status of health behaviors and social support was not favorable. Thus, there is a need to intervene and design programs to help pregnant women and improve their health.
Case of rheumatic mitral stenosis with bilateral coronary artery fistula to pulmonary artery: A rare entity
Authors: Jawarkar Manish , Manek Pratik , Shah Mausam , Wadhawa Vivek , Doshi Chirag , Rathod Divyesh
Published: July 2021

Coronary to pulmonary artery fistula is a rare form of congenital coronary artery anomaly. Majority of coronary arteriovenous fistula detected incidentally on coronary angiography. Although, most of these patients are asymptomatic, larger fistulae can produce symptoms of heart failure. Here we present a rare case of 61-year-old female who presented primarily for mitral valve replacement for severe mitral stenosis. On screening angiography, there were two fistula arising from both right and left coronary artery and draining in to the main pulmonary artery. The patient was operated and mitral valve replacement with closure of the fistula. Patient had an uneventful post-operative period and was discharged on 7 the post-operative day.
The relationship between preoperative serum vitamin D deficiency and postoperative atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rahimi Mehran , Taban-Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Nikniaz Leila , Pashazadeh Fariba
Published: July 2021

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common arrhythmia seen in the first days following cardiac surgeries. Recently, there is a growing discussion regarding the link between vitamin D deficiency and POAF development. This systematic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies aimed at evaluating the association between preoperative vitamin D deficiency and Postoperative atrial fibrillation. In this study, using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Libraries, we searched for records published before July 2020. Two reviewers screened for studies that examined the relationship between preoperative vitamin D levels and the generation of POAF. Data regarding study design, patient characteristics, definition of atrial fibrillation (AF) , type of surgery, vitamin D levels, and measurement methods were extracted. Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our primary analysis showed a significant relationship between preoperative levels of vitamin D and POAF development (mean differences (MD) = -2.851, 95% confidence interval (CI) =-5.506 to -0.195; P value 0.035). Our meta-analysis suggested serum vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of POAF development. Further large scale interventional studies are needed to explore whether vitamin D supplementation will prevent POAF.
Prognostic significance of N-Terminal Pro-BNP in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia without previous history of heart failure
Authors: Selçuk Murat , Keskin Muhammed , Çınar Tufan , Günay Nuran , Doğan Selami , Çiçek Vedat , Kılıç Şahhan , Asal Süha , Yavuz Samet , Keser Nurgül , Orhan Ahmet L.
Published: July 2021

Introduction:The objective of the present research was to evaluate the possible association between the N-terminal pro-brain type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia patients who did not have pre-existing heart failure (HF). Methods:A total of 137 consecutive patients without pre-existing HF and hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled into the current research. The main outcome of the research was the in-hospital death. The independent parameters linked with the in-hospital death were determined by multivariable analysis. Results: A total of 26 deaths with an in-hospital mortality rate of 18.9% was noted. Those who died were older with an increased frequency of co-morbidities such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, stroke and dementia. They had also increased white blood cell (WBC) counts and had elevated glucose, creatinine, troponin I, and NT-pro-BNP levels but had decreased levels of hemoglobin. By multivariable analysis; age, NT-pro-BNP, WBC, troponin I, and creatinine levels were independently linked with the in-hospital mortality. After ROC evaluation, the ideal value of the NT-pro-BNP to predict the in-hospital mortality was found as 260 ng/L reflecting a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 93% (AUC:0.86; 95%CI:0.76-0.97). Conclusion: The current research clearly shows that the NT-proBNP levels are independently linked with the in-hospital mortality rates in subjects with COVID-19 pneumonia and without HF. Thus, we believe that this biomarker can be used as a valuable prognostic parameter in such cases.
Two-year safety and efficacy of Indigenous Abluminus Sirolimus Eluting Stent. Does it differ amongst diabetics? – Data from en-ABLe- REGISTRY
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Dani Sameer , Desai Devang , Kumar Prathap , Bhalani Nirav , Vasavada Apurva , Trivedi Rutvik
Published: July 2021

Introduction: To evaluate the efficacy/safety profile of the Abluminus DES+ over 2-years follow-up in the "real-world" scenario in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics. Methods: In prospective, all-comers, open-label registry conducted at 31 sites, patients were analyzed for 1 & 2-year outcomes with the primary endpoint defined as 3P-MACE of CV death, target vessel related myocardial infarction (TV-MI), ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR)/target vessel revascularization (TVR) apart from Stent thrombosis (ST). Results: Of 2500 patients of PCI with 3286 Abluminus-DES+, 1641 (65.64%) were non-diabetics while859 (34.36%) were diabetics. The 3-P MACE for the cohort at 1 & 2 years were 2.9%, and 3.16%; TLR/TVR - 1.4% at both the intervals for 2493 patients at 2 yrs. follow-up. TV-MI & ST were 0.36% and0.56% at 1st and 2nd year respectively. The 3P-MACE was lower in non-diabetics at 1 & 2 years (2.3%vs 4.2%; 2.4% vs 4.7% respectively). For components of MACE, CV mortality (0.9 vs 1.9% at 1 yr ; 1.0vs 2.1% at 2 years) was significant (P < 0.05) while TLR (1.1 vs 1.9% at 1 yr. & 1.1 vs 2.1% at 2 yrs.) and TV-MI (0.9 vs 1.9% at 1 yr. & 1 vs 2.1% at 2 years) were similar for diabetics and non-diabetics so was ST (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Abluminus-DES+ showed excellent 2-year safety and efficacy with low 3-P MACE which was higher in diabetics driven by higher CV death but similar TLR, TV-MI and ST.
Gender-specific characteristics of hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Ahmadvand Shiva , Osia Ali , Meyfour Anna , Pahlavan Sara
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Gender-specific phenotypes of the heart were reported with respect to both physiology and pathology. While most differences were associated with the sex hormones, differential expression of genes received special attention, particularly X-Y chromosomes’ genes. Methods: Here, we compared cardiogenesis by gene expression analysis of lineage specific markers and X-Y chromosomes’ genes, during in vitro differentiation of XY and XX human embryonic stem cells (hESC), in a hormone-free setup. Results: Downregulation of pluripotency marker (NANOG) and upregulation of cardiac mesoderm and progenitor markers (GATA4, TBX5, NKX2.5, ISL1) was remained temporally similar in differentiating XY and XX hESCs. Isoproterenol treatment of XY and XX hESC-derived cardiomyocytes (hESCCM) induced hypertrophy in a sex-specific manner, with female cardiomyocytes showing response at higher isoproterenol concentration and a later time point of differentiation. Interestingly, KDM5C as an X-linked gene, was markedly upregulated in both hypertrophied male and female cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Collectively, our results indicated a temporally identical cardiogenesis, but more susceptibility of XY hESC-CM to hypertrophic stimulus in a hormone-free condition.
Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of nano-silver particles used in orthodontics fixed retainer composites: an experimental in-vitro study
Authors: Mirhashemi Amirhossein , Bahador Abbas , Sodagar Ahmad , Pourhajibagher Maryam , Amiri Ali , Gholamrezayi Elahe
Published: July 2021

Background. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of composite resins containing nano-silver (NAg) particles used in fixed orthodontic retainers. Methods. Nano-composite resin samples with 1%, 2%, and 5% concentrations of NAg were prepared. The antimicrobial effectiveness of NAg was assessed against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus by the biofilm inhibition test (three-day-old biofilms), eluted components test (on days 3, 15, and 30), and disk-diffusion agar test after 48 hours. Measures of central tendency and index of dispersion were used to determine colony-forming units. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were also used. Results. The biofilm inhibition test showed a significant decrease in the colonies of S. mutans (87.64%, 96.47%, and 99.76% decrease), S. sanguis (98.13%, 99.47%, and 99.93% decrease), and L. acidophilus (81.59%, 90.90%, and 99.61% decrease) at 1%, 2%, and 5% concentrations of Nag, respectively, compared to the control groups. The colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of tested microorganisms continuously decreased with increased NAg concentration. In the eluted component test, no significant differences were noted in the 3rd, 15th, and 30th days between the different concentrations of Nag-containing composite resin disks and control samples. According to the disk-diffusion agar test, there was no growth inhibition zone for the composite resin disks containing 1% and 2% concentrations of Nag. However, the growth inhibition zone was seen with a 5% concentration, with a diameter of 9.5±0.71 mm for S. mutans, 8.5±0.71 mm for S. sanguis, and 8±1.41 for L. acidophilus. Conclusion. The incorporation of NAg into composite resins has antibacterial effects, possibly preventing dental caries around fixed orthodontic retainers.
Fractal dimension and lacunarity analysis of mandibular bone on digital panoramic radiographs of tobacco users
Authors: Basavarajappa Suman , Konddajji Ramachandra Vijayalakshmi , Kumar Shrawan
Published: July 2021

Background. This study aimed to evaluate and compare changes in the mandibular trabecular bone pattern using the fractal dimension (FD) and lacunarity analysis in tobacco users with healthy controls. Methods. This study was carried out on digital panoramic radiographs of 225 subjects divided into three groups: smokeless tobacco users (SLTs), smokers, and control (n=75). ImageJ program with FracLac plugin was used to assess the FD and lacunarity of mandibular trabecular bone on the digital panoramic radiographs. Results. The differences in the mean FD values of the study and control groups were statistically significant (P<0.001). Mean FD was lower in the case groups than the control group, with SLTs having the least FD value. A significant difference in lacunarity was noted between SLTs and controls (P<0.001). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in lacunarity between smokers and controls. Conclusions. FD values were lower in tobacco users, suggesting that tobacco users have a less complex trabecular bone pattern than healthy controls. Higher lacunarity values in SLTs indicated a more heterogeneous bone pattern. These findings signify that FD and lacunarity analysis on digital panoramic radiographs can serve as promising predictive tools to assess bone quality for osteoporotic changes in tobacco users, thereby facilitating prompt referral for further management.
Para-Bombay B phenotype: a rare ABH blood group variant at tertiary care hospital, Gwalior India
Authors: Sharma Dharmesh Chandra , Rai Sunita , Singhal Sachin , Gupta Prakriti , Sharma Shailendra
Published: July 2021

Background: The H antigen is the precursor substance for A and B antigens formation on red blood cells of an individual and absence of it is termed as H deficient phenotype. If H antigen is absent on both RBCs and secretions, and then the resulting blood group is a Classical Bombay phenotype with anti-H antibodies in their serum. If H antigen are absent on RBCs and present in secretions and plasma, the resulting blood group is Para-Bombay phenotype. Genetically Para-Bombay’s lack an active H gene (genotype is hh) but carry at least one Se gene (Secretor gene). Para-Bombay or red blood cell (RBC) H negative secretor individuals may or may not have anti-H in their serum. In both cases routine blood grouping is O. Case Report: Blood sample of 24-year-old female is submitting in blood bank, resulting her routine grouping O RhD positive. Complete blood grouping by Gel technology revels her forward grouping is Oh and reverse grouping B. Patient is secretor for B and H antigens. Absorption and elusion test is negative. Family grouping was also done to find out compatible blood and her family genesis. Conclusion: Patient blood group is Para-Bombay B. Complete blood grouping (Forward and reverse) as well as saliva grouping and absorption /elusion test is advisable when there is a discrepancy in ABH grouping.
Is there a link between COVID-19 and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease? a Case Report
Authors: Nasiri Ehsan , Naseri Amirreza , Yazdchi Mohammad , Talebi Mahnaz
Published: July 2021

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rare rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. The diagnosis of CJD is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, electro-encephalography (EEG), or 14-3-3 protein detection. We report a case of a previously-healthy 72 years old woman, with evidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who complained of behavioral changes and rapidly progressive dementia. While hospitalization, she didn't have orientation to time and place and repeated an irrelevant sentence in response to questions. Also, anomia and impaired comprehension was observed. Myoclonic jerks, abnormal signal intensity at bilateral parieto-occipital cortices in MRI, periodic sharp wave complexes in EEG, and increased lactate dehydrogenase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), highly recommended CJD for her. This is the second case of CJD after COVID-19 during this pandemic, which can be an alarm to clinicians about the silent impact of COVID-19 on the central nervous system.
A Simple Colorimetric Method for Determination of Ethanol in Exhaled Breath Condensate
Authors: Pourkarim Fariba , Rahimpour Elaheh , Khoubnasabjafari Maryam , Jouyban-Gharamaleki Vahid , Farhang Sara , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: July 2021

Background: Ethanol is considered as a toxic compound when used in excess amounts. The toxic concentration for ethanol was reported to be 1000 – 2000 μg.mL-1 in plasma and serum samples. The aim of the current study was to develop a rapid and catalyst free colorimetric method for determination of ethanol in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sample. Methods: A redox reaction with dichromate-based colorimetric method was used for determination of ethanol in EBC. Results: The proposed method shows a good sensitivity and selectivity for ethanol in compared with other compounds and biomarkers existing in EBC. The color change can be easily observed by the naked eye in the presence of ethanol in the range of 300 - 8000 μg.mL-1. The quantitative detection of ethanol was fully validated and used for determination of ethanol in EBC of alcohol administrated individuals. Conclusion: This catalyst free colorimetric method has great potential for ethanol determination owing to many desirable properties such as high reliability, high sensitivity, and fast response time.
Anti-Cancer Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus for Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Caco-2 through Apoptosis Induction
Authors: Isazadeh Alireza , Hajazimian Saba , Shadman Behrouz , Safaei Sahar , Babazadeh Bedoustani Ahmad , Chavoshi Reza , Shanehbandi Dariush , Mashayekhi Mohammadreza , Nahaei Mohammadreza , Baradaran Behzad
Published: July 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Probiotics are useful and non-pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, which can show anticancer activity through the induction of apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic on the Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell line. Methods: The supernatant (secreted metabolites) and bacterial extract of L. acidophilus probiotics were prepared and used as an anti-proliferative agent on the colorectal cancer cell line, Caco-2 in vitro. The effects of supernatant and extract of L. acidophilus were evaluated on the viability and proliferation of cancer cells using MTT assay. Moreover, morphological alterations of cancer cells treated with supernatant and extract of L. acidophilus were evaluated by an inverted phase contrast microscope. The mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (SURVIVIN and SMAC) in treated cancer cells and untreated controls were evaluated using the Real-Time PCR method. Results: The results showed that the supernatant and extract of L. acidophilus inhibited the viability and proliferation of cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Moreover, various morphological alterations were observed in the treated cancer cells, which are indicators of apoptosis induction. The mRNA expression of SURVIVIN and SMAC genes were significantly up-regulated and downregulated in the treated cancer cells, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the supernatant and extract of L.acidophilus could inhibit the viability and proliferation of colorectal cancer cell line, Caco-2through induction of apoptosis, increase the survival rate of colon cancer patients.
Effect of Processing/Formulation Parameters on Particle Size of Nanoemulsions Containing Ibuprofen - An Artificial Neural Networks Study
Authors: Hanafi Ali , Amani Amir
Published: July 2021

Background: Nanoemulsions are colloidal transparent systems for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. This study aimed to determine the effect of parameters affecting particle size of a nanoemulsion containing ibuprofen using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Methods: Nanoemulsion samples with different values of independent variables, namely, concentration of ethanol, ibuprofen and Tween 80 as well as exposure (homogenization) time were prepared and their particle size was measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The data were then modelled by ANNs. Results: From the results, increasing the exposure time had a positive effect on reducing droplet size. The effect of concentration of ethanol and Tween 80 on droplet size depended on the amount of ibuprofen. Our results demonstrate that ibuprofen concentration also had a reverse relation with the size of the nanoemulsions. Conclusion: It was concluded that to obtain minimum particle size, exposure (homogenization)time should be maximized.
Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Antiarthritic PotentialofAmmoides pusillaAqueous Extract on Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Belkhodja Hamza , Belhouala Khadidja , Nehal Soumia
Published: July 2021

Background: Ammoides pusilla plant is a species of therapeutic interest which used in traditional medicines. This work aims to valorize this plant by the characterization of their bioactive components and the evaluation of the in vivo anti-inflammatory potential against a severe disease affecting the bone structure and the stability of the articular cartilage. Methods: First, the phytochemical screening of the polyphenolic extracts of A. pusilla was carried out. The second part of our study is devoted to the evaluation of the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of A. pusilla based on the method of Freund's adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Results: Phytochemical tests demonstrated the richness of extract with flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, anthocyanins and triterpenes. Whereas, the quantitative determination reveals that the aqueous extract of A. pusilla is the richest with bioactive components with contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins equal to 9.52 ± 0.11 mg gallic acid/g, 4.75 ± 0.05 mg quercetin/g and 8.64 ± 0.02 mg catechin/g respectively. The results of the anti-inflammatory activity showed that the aqueous infused extract of A. pusilla has an interesting antiarthritic potential on Freund's adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in mice. It is manifested by a weight gain; a normal arthritic index and biochemical parameters close to those of Diclofenac®. Conclusion: The aqueous infused extract of A. pusilla is therefore of considerable therapeutic interest as an alternative compound for the prevention of inflammation and for the improvement in bone structure.
Design of Experiment Centered Multivariate Optimization Strategy for RP-HPLC Method to Quantitate Retapamulin in Topical Cream and Microemulsion
Authors: Patel Rashmin Bharat , Patel Nishant , Patel Mrunali R
Published: July 2021

Background: Retapamulin is the first pleuromutilin antibacterial approved for the treatment of impetigo. The objective of the current research was to utilize the design of experiments approach for development and optimization of robust RP-HPLC method for the quantitation of Retapamulin in marketed cream and in-house developed microemulsion based formulations with an oily matrix. Methods: The impact of various chromatographic conditions (independent variables) was assessed using Plackett–Burman design on critical analytical attributes (response) to screen initial experimental conditions. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the selected chromatographic factors on the responses. Further, validation of optimized RP-HPLC was carried out as per the ICHQ2(R1) guideline. Results: Pareto ranking analysis showed that % organic phase, flow rate, and volume of injection were found statistically significant (p < 0.05) variables influencing the retention time, number of plates, and tailing of the Retapamulin peak. The optimized RP-HPLC method with the stationary phase, C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, and mobile phase as a mixture of methanol and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.0, 90:10 % v/v, isocratic), the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, 10 μL injection volume, 25°C column oven temperature, 247 nm as detection wavelength, was successfully validated based on ICHQ2(R1) guideline. Conclusion: RP-HPLC method was successfully used to separate (retention time 4.34 ± 0.2 min)and assay Retapamulin in microemulsion and marketed cream. The outcomes of the investigation exhibited the effective application of a multivariant approach in the optimization of the RP-HPLCfor routine analysis of Retapamulin.
Effects of Near-Peer CPR Workshop on Medical Students’ Knowledge and Satisfaction
Authors: Sabeghi Hakimeh , Mogharab Marziyeh , Farajzadehz Zahra , Aria Moghaddam Ebrahim
Published: July 2021

Background: The acquisition of competencies in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among medical students requires specific and up-to-date training. In this study, a near-peer workshop group was used to assess the effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on students’ satisfaction, acquisition, and retention of CPR knowledge. Methods: This quasi-experimental study using repeated measure analysis design was conducted with 120 medical students at the Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The educational content was presented in six workshop sessions under the supervision of a near-peer group. A questionnaire was used to assess demographics, knowledge, and satisfaction. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 14. Results: The mean knowledge scores of participants 6.8±2.7, 16.1± 2.6, and 13.5±4.0 before, immediately, and two months after the workshop, respectively. These results showed that the mean knowledge score significantly increased immediately after the training. Although the mean scores fell slightly by two months after the intervention, they remained significantly higher than before the workshop. The satisfaction level of all the students of this method was reported as good. Conclusion: In accordance with the positive effects of collaborative learning methods in the teaching-learning process, we used a novel and efficient collaborative method to improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. CPR training with a near-peer group had a positive impact on student knowledge acquisition, knowledge retention, and learning satisfaction. Therefore, this method may be a useful way to conduct such training workshops.
Effectiveness of Monetary Reward System on the Employee’s Performance Level
Authors: Mithunmita R , John Britto M
Published: July 2021

Monetary rewards can be defined as money or hard cash rewards given to the employees for their extraordinary work or for the attainment of goals of the organisation. The main purpose of the study is to see how monetary rewards have an effect on the performance level of the employees and how it motivates them. The aim of the study is to find out whether the employees will increase their work or not. This study will help the employers understand which combination of rewards can boost the commitment level of the employees towards the company and it will help the employees find out whether rewards are given fairly them and whether all the employees are treated in the same way. From the results collected from the employees it can be said that monetary rewards have positive impact in the organisation and it makes an employee more loyal towards the organisation.
Systematic Literature Review: Online Digital Platforms Utilization by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Adopting Digital Diplomacy
Authors: Ong’ong’a Daniel Oloo
Published: July 2021

Digital diplomacy has become a subject of scrutiny and public interest in recent years. As technology change, so is the functions of diplomats and ministry of foreign affairs (MFA). Most of the countries and MFAs have tried to streamline their services as well as their communicative context by adopting strategies that make them possible to articulate their position in the digital diplomatic sphere. Different scholars have come up with different definitions of digital diplomacy in regards to their context and content of interest. Although this field is on its embryonic state, it is vital in international relations with few studies done in this field. This study aims to provide a systematic analysis of the current literature on digital diplomacy studies. Therefore, this study contributes to a significant gap in research and provides an ongoing reference to digital diplomacy. It argues that most of the previous studies focused on a qualitative methodology to investigate in countries in Europe, America, Asia, and the Middle East with little attention to African countries. Twitter and Facebook were the major online digital platforms that were investigated as a tool for digital diplomacy while there were no specific theories to study digital diplomacy. Finally, based on the study findings, the study suggests key areas of interest for future research on digital diplomacy.
Thirugnana Sambandhar - A Mathematician
Authors: Subbulakshmi S
Published: July 2021

India has been the Land of notable poets whose exemplary works are world renowned. One such great poet is Thirugnana Sambandhar. He is a saint, poet, philosopher, composer who belongs to 7th Century. He was born in Seerkaazhi of Tamilnadu. He had coined many Special Geometrical poetic structures like Thiru ezhukkootrirukkai (poem with mathematical Triangular Pattern), Maalai Maatru (a poem with palindromic Structure), Mozhi Maatru (a poem in which the meaning of the poem can be observed by a systematic Chane of words), Gomuthri (Flow of the poem in such a way it forms a wave line), Chakramaatru (a poem which is constructed in a circular form ). By the above mentioned amazing structure He has no parallels in the worlds poetry Thirugnana Sambandhar is the epitome of Tamil Literature has penned down many such extraordinary poems. A Mathematician is one who uses an extensive knowledge of Mathematics in their work. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space,models and change. Here in this poetic form Thiruezhukkootrirukkai Thirugnana Sambandhar had used numbers in a brilliant way to form a Triangle. This is called “Chitrakavi” in Tamil. By analyzing the whole poem we will get a geometrical structure. In this Thiruezhukkootrirukkai Thirugnana Sambandhar has constructed the words in such a way to form a symmetrical triangle. These triangle is arranged in a perfect mathematical calculation. This can be analysed through the law of binomial co- efficient. This is analysed and proved in this paper. Thirugnana Sambandhar belongs to 7th Century whereas the Scientist and Mathematician Pascal who discovered the law of Bi-nomial co-efficient belongs to 17th century. Other than this Mathematical diagram of triangle this poem has Palindromic numbers which add more beauty to this structure which is also a mathematical calculation. By constructing this amazing poetic structure Thirugnana Sambandhar proves beyond doubt that he is a “Mathematician” of India of the 7th Century itself who had applied the law of triangle earlier.
A Deconstructive Analysis of Derrida’s Philosophy
Authors: Sahu Sanjaya , Sarangi Harihar , Mallik Partha Sarathi
Published: July 2021

This paper is designed to reveal some of the philosophical ideas of Algerian-born philosopher Jacques Derrida. Jacques Derrida, a leading figure of Post-structuralism and Postmodernism is best known as the founding father of ‘Deconstruction’ but many of his philosophical ideas such as, logocentrism, differance, phonocentrism, aporia, anti-representationalism, etc. still remain rarely focused. Therefore, in this paper the researcher has tried to explore various philosophical ideas of Derrida before the readers to get acquainted with Derrida’s contribution to the world of knowledge. This research work has done with the help of both primary sources i.e., original writings of Derrida and secondary sources including the texts written by others. Here, all of Derrida’s ideas are explicitly described and justified by an inductive method. Finally, a concluding remark on deconstruction has been made by comparing Derrida’s idea of “Differance” with Nagarjuna’s concept of “Emptiness” which left the Indian roots of deconstruction.
Madurez tecnológica e innovación en empresas mexicanas
Authors: Ollivier Fierro Juan Óscar , Martínez Ramos Pedro Javier , Domínguez Alcaraz Isidro
Published: July 2021

Dado que la tecnología ocupa un papel de cada vez mayor importancia en las organizaciones, el objetivo del presente estudio fue revisar la escala empleada por el INEGI para medir en México la madurez tecnológica en las empresas, analizar su consistencia y aplicabilidad. El método consistió en hacer una revisión de las escalas nacionales e internacionales para evaluar aspectos relacionados al tema, así como el análisis de la escala empleada en la encuesta nacional sobre investigación y desarrollo tecnológico ESIDET, levantada por dicho instituto en 2017 en empresas. Los resultados muestran algunas inconsistencias en esta escala, como la falta de univocidad, progresividad y universalidad en los seis niveles de la escala, así como hallazgos en la baja correlación entre ellos. La originalidad es la propuesta de conceptos para una nueva escala que pretende corregir estas inconsistencias. La principal limitación consistió en considerar el análisis sólo la encuesta levantada en México.
Influence of preheating on the properties of composite filling material. Systematic literature review
Authors: Khabadze Z.S. , Generalova Yu.A. , Negorelova Ya.A. , Abdulkerimova S.M.
Published: July 2021

The article presents a review of the literature (57 sources) devoted to the influence of preheating on the manipulation, physical, mechanical and aesthetic characteristics of composite filling material. The literature obtained by searching in the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, as well as in the article biographical lists is studied. For improving the physical-mechanical, adaptive and, of course, manipulative properties of the polymer composite, researchers have proposed various protocols that allow us to achieve the best values of the basic properties of the filling material. The method of preheating the composite can positively affect various characteristics of the material, such as manipulative and aesthetic properties, as well as increase the values of microhardness and the final conversion of monomers of the organic matrix of the material. However, it is necessary to remember that in clinical practice it is difficult to reach the desired temperature, since the composite cools down from the moment the syringe is removed from the heating device, so the increments in the values of these properties may be lower than those obtained experimentally.
Experience in the use of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid in the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis
Authors: Gatilo I.A. , Kobylkina T.L. T.L. , Perikova M.G.
Published: July 2021

As a rule, periodontal diseases are accompanied by marginal recession of the gums, loss of attachment and exposure of the roots of the teeth. Traditional drugs for injection treatment are being replaced by modern drugs based on high molecular weight hyaluronic acid, which are successfully and highly efficiently used for local therapy of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases. In order to restore the volume of soft tissues in the interdental spaces, eliminate recessions and bleeding of the gingival margin, a preparation of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid “Revident +” was used, which was injected into the base of the gingival papilla at a distance of 2—3 mm from its top with the bevel of the needle upwards. To assess gingival bleeding, the PBI (papilla bleeding index) index was used, which is a sensitive indicator of the severity of gingival inflammation. The magnitude of gingival recession before and after treatment was assessed according to its severity: mild — up to 3 mm, moderate — 3—5 mm, and severe — 6 and more mm. Examination of periodontal patients before and 1.5 months after the application of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid in the composition of the Revident + preparation showed that the degree of gingival bleeding according to PBI decreased significantly after the third visit from 4 to 2 and from 3 to 1, respectively. The degree of gingival recession in the area of the anterior group of teeth decreased by an average of 2.1 mm, in the area of premolars — by 2.5 mm, and in the area of molars — by 2.8 mm.
Formation of Water Use Economic Mechanism on the Baikal Lake Area
Authors:   Zomonova E.M.
Published: July 2021

This article has been discussed the key problems of the formation of the water management economic mechanism on the Lake Baikal's basin territory, namely: payment, water tax data and the estimation of deterioration of the Lake Baikal water environment on the territory of Republic of Buryatia.
Evaluation of Suspended Solids Carry-out Amount from Bypass Earth Canals and Economic Damage Resulted from the Associated Water Bodies’ Pollution (the Bugarikhta River as an Example)
Authors:   Kosarev S.G.
Published: July 2021

The paper proposed a method for evaluation of water pollution with suspended solids that are removed from the bypass earth canal in the process of open development of mineral deposits in river beds. Quantitative and cost evaluation of water pollution with suspended solids was performed with a gold mining site at the Bugarikhta River, Trans-Baikal Region, as an example.
Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors in Long-term Alterations of the Volga River Runoff
Authors:   Georgiadi A.G., Koronkevich N.I., Zaitseva I.S., Kashutina Y.A., Barabanova Y.A.
Published: July 2021

The contribution of natural climate and anthropogenic factors in the Volga river runoff changes at Volgograd during the period of instrumental observations (1882–2007). has been revealed. The estimates are based on two independent approaches. One of them is based on the restoration of the annual and seasonal runoff against the riversindicators’ regression dependencies, and the other one is based on the water use statistical data and methods of water balance. The calculations give the total Volga river annual runoff anthropogenic decrease values that are fairly close to each other.