bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АТМОСФЕРАДАН ОҚТЫН-ОҚТЫН АЖЫРАТЫЛАТЫН АВТОМОБИЛЬ МОТОРЫНЫҢ КОНЦЕПЦИЯСЫН НЕГІЗДЕУ
Authors: Е. К. Ордабаев  , Н. С. Сембаев  , С. И. Ахметов  , А. Д. Сулейменов  , А. М. Жакупов
Published: October 2022

"Мақалада піспекті іштен жану моторынан сыртқа шығатын газдың улағыштығын азайтудың белгілі әдісі – газдың біраз бөлігін цилиндрге қайтару, яғни рециркуляция тәсілін басқа мақсатта қолдану туралы сөз болады. Бұған дейін рециркуляция тек мотордың күшсалмақ режимінде азот тотығының NО түзілу қарқынын шектеу үшін ғана қажет болатын. Қала көшелерінде автомобильді баяулату режимінің ерекше түрі – мотордың көмегімен баяулату да кездеседі. Мотор мен трансмиссия ажыратылмағандықтан мотор ырықсыз бос жүріс режиміне көшеді де, жану процесінің қалыпты жағдайдан ауытқуы салдарынан газ құрамында көмірсутектілер СН мөлшері күрт артады. Аталмыш режимде мотор қуат көзінен уақытша тежегіш құралға айналады, себебі автомобильдің кинетикалық энергиясы негізінен мотордың ішкі үйкеліс күшін еңсеруге жұмсалады. Демек осы мерзім ішінде мотордағы газ алмасу үдерісін рециркуляция әдісінің көмегімен тұйық циклге көшіру әбден мүмкін. Нәтижесінде автомобиль моторы қолданыс уақытының кейбір тұстарында атмосферадан ажыратылатын болады. Газды рециркуляциялау және оны басқару жүйелерінің жалпы сұлбасы белгілі, бірақ оны жаңаша мақсатта қолдану үшін біршама өзгеріс қажет етеді. Бұл әдісті NО және СН компоненттерінің сыртқа шығуын азайту үшін екі мақсатта қолдануға болатынын да ескерген жөн."
Un estudio comparativo práctico sobre el modo subjuntivo en español y árabe
Authors: Prof. Mohamed Hashim Mohesan Rabah Hadi Radi
Published: October 2022

Nuestro estudio se concentra sobre una comparación práctica entre un grupo de oraciones en español y su traducción a nuestra lengua árabe para facilitar en entendimiento del modo subjuntivo en español y al mismo tiempo explicar lo que equivale en árabe. Tanto el subjuntivo en español como el aoristo nasbado en árabe requieren unas ciertas condiciones y reglas para que sean en este modo verbal, por lo tanto, hemos tratado explicar estos motivos en cada oración con una explicación si sucede la correspondencia modal o no entre cada par de verbos comparados de las oraciones de dichas lenguas. Al mismo tiempo en muchas ocasiones no sucede esta correspondencia por un motivo u otro, ya que no cada verbo en subjuntivo al traducirlo al árabe dentro de la oración tiene que ser en imperfectivo de subjuntivo árabe. Palabras clave : Subjuntivo, indicativo, yusivo, correspondencia
Four-dimensional variational assimilation for SO2 emission and its application around the COVID-19 lockdown in the spring 2020 over China
Authors: Hu Yiwen , Zang Zengliang , Ma Xiaoyan , Li Yi , Liang Yanfei , You Wei , Pan Xiaobin , Li Zhijin
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Emission inventories are essential for modelling studies
and pollution control, but traditional emission inventories are usually
updated after a few years based on the statistics of “bottom-up” approach
from the energy consumption in provinces, cities, and counties. The latest
emission inventories of multi-resolution emission inventory in China (MEIC)
was compiled from the statistics for the year 2016 (MEIC_2016). However, the real emissions have varied yearly, due to national
pollution control policies and accidental special events, such as the
coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, a four-dimensional
variational assimilation (4DVAR) system based on the “top-down” approach
was developed to optimise sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by
assimilating the data of SO2 concentrations from surface observational
stations. The 4DVAR system was then applied to obtain the SO2 emissions
during the early period of COVID-19 pandemic (from 17 January to 7 February
2020), and the same period in 2019 over China. The results showed that the
average MEIC_2016, 2019, and 2020 emissions were
42.2×106, 40.1×106, and 36.4×106 kg d−1. The emissions in 2020 decreased by 9.2 % in relation
to the COVID-19 lockdown compared with those in 2019. For central China,
where the lockdown measures were quite strict, the mean 2020 emission
decreased by 21.0 % compared with 2019 emissions. Three forecast
experiments were conducted using the emissions of MEIC_2016,
2019, and 2020 to demonstrate the effects of optimised emissions. The
root mean square error (RMSE) in the experiments using 2019 and 2020
emissions decreased by 28.1 % and 50.7 %, and the correlation
coefficient increased by 89.5 % and 205.9 % compared with the experiment
using MEIC_2016. For central China, the average RMSE in the
experiments with 2019 and 2020 emissions decreased by 48.8 % and 77.0 %,
and the average correlation coefficient increased by 44.3 % and 238.7 %,
compared with the experiment using MEIC_2016 emissions. The
results demonstrated that the 4DVAR system effectively optimised emissions
to describe the actual changes in SO2 emissions related to the COVID
lockdown, and it can thus be used to improve the accuracy of forecasts.
Opinion: Coordinated development of emission inventories for climate forcers and air pollutants
Authors: Smith Steven J. , McDuffie Erin E. , Charles Molly
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Emissions into the atmosphere of fine particulate matter, its
precursors, and precursors to tropospheric ozone impact not only human
health and ecosystems, but also the climate by altering Earth's
radiative balance. Accurately quantifying these impacts across local to
global scales historically and in future scenarios requires emission
inventories that are accurate, transparent, complete, comparable, and
consistent. In an effort to better quantify the emissions and impacts of
these pollutants, also called short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is developing a new SLCF
emissions methodology report. This report would supplement existing IPCC
reporting guidance on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories, which are currently
used by inventory compilers to fulfill national reporting requirements under
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and new
requirements of the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) under the Paris
Agreement starting in 2024. We review the relevant issues, including how air
pollutant and GHG inventory activities have historically been structured, as
well as potential benefits, challenges, and recommendations for coordinating
GHG and air pollutant inventory efforts. We argue that, while there are
potential benefits to increasing coordination between air pollutant and GHG
inventory development efforts, we also caution that there are differences in
appropriate methodologies and applications that must jointly be considered.
A single-parameter hygroscopicity model for functionalized insoluble aerosol surfaces
Authors: Mao Chun-Ning , Gohil Kanishk , Asa-Awuku Akua A.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The impact of molecular level surface chemistry for aerosol water-uptake and droplet growth is not well understood. In this work, spherical, nonporous, monodisperse polystyrene latex (PSL) particles treated with different surface functional groups are exploited to isolate the effects of aerosol surface chemistry for droplet activation. PSL is effectively water insoluble and changes in the particle surface may be considered a
critical factor in the initial water uptake of water-insoluble material. The droplet growth of two surface modified types of PSL (PSL-NH2 and
PSL-COOH) along with plain PSL was measured in a supersaturated environment
with a Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC). Three droplet growth models – traditional Köhler (TK), Flory–Huggins Köhler (FHK) and the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill adsorption theory (FHH-AT) were compared with experimental data. The experimentally determined single hygroscopicity parameter, κ, was found within the range from 0.002 to 0.04. The traditional Köhler prediction assumes Raoult's law solute dissolution and underestimates the water-uptake ability of the PSL particles. FHK can be applied to polymeric aerosol; however, FHK assumes that the polymer is soluble and hydrophilic. Thus, the FHK model generates a negative result for hydrophobic PSL and predicts non-activation behavior that disagrees with the experimental observation. The FHH-AT model assumes that a particle is water insoluble and can be fit with two empirical parameters (AFHH and BFHH). The FHH-AT prediction agrees with the experimental data and can differentiate the water uptake behavior of the particles owing to surface modification of PSL surface. PSL-NH2 exhibits slightly higher hygroscopicity than the PSL-COOH, whereas plain PSL is the least hygroscopic among the three. This result is consistent with the polarity of surface functional groups and their affinity to water molecules. Thus, changes in AFHH and BFHH can be quantified when surface modification is isolated for the study of water-uptake. The fitted AFHH for PSL-NH2, PSL-COOH, and plain PSL is 0.23, 0.21, and 0.18 when BFHH is unity. To simplify the use of FHH-AT for use in cloud activation models, we also present and test a new single parameter framework for insoluble compounds, κFHH. κFHH is within 5 % agreement of
the experimental data and can be applied to describe a single-parameter
hygroscopicity for water-insoluble aerosol with surface modified properties.
Spatiotemporal continuous estimates of daily 1 km PM2.5 from 2000 to present under the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) framework
Authors: Xiao Qingyang , Geng Guannan , Liu Shigan , Liu Jiajun , Meng Xia , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2022

Abstract. High spatial resolution PM2.5 data covering a long time period are urgently needed to support population exposure assessment and refined air quality management. In this study, we provided
complete-coverage PM2.5 predictions with a 1 km spatial resolution from 2000 to the present under the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP,
http://tapdata.org.cn/, last access: 3 October 2022) framework. To support high spatial resolution
modeling, we collected PM2.5 measurements from both national and local
monitoring stations. To correctly reflect the temporal variations in land
cover characteristics that affected the local variations in PM2.5, we
constructed continuous annual geoinformation datasets, including the road
maps and ensemble gridded population maps, in China from 2000 to 2021. We
also examined various model structures and predictor combinations to balance
the computational cost and model performance. The final model fused 10 km
TAP PM2.5 predictions from our previous work, 1 km satellite aerosol
optical depth retrievals, and land use parameters with a random forest
model. Our annual model had an out-of-bag R2 ranging between 0.80 and
0.84, and our hindcast model had a by-year cross-validation R2 of 0.76.
This open-access, 1 km resolution PM2.5 data product, with complete
coverage, successfully revealed the local-scale spatial variations in
PM2.5 and could benefit environmental studies and policymaking.
Neural network processing of holographic images
Authors: Schreck John S. , Gantos Gabrielle , Hayman Matthew , Bansemer Aaron , Gagne David John
Published: October 2022

Abstract. HOLODEC, an airborne cloud particle imager, captures holographic images of a fixed volume of cloud to characterize the types and sizes of cloud particles, such as water droplets and ice crystals. Cloud particle properties include position, diameter, and shape. In this work we evaluate the potential for processing HOLODEC data by leveraging a combination of GPU hardware and machine learning with the eventual goal of improving HOLODEC processing speed and performance. We present a hologram processing algorithm, HolodecML, which utilizes a neural network segmentation model and computational parallelization to achieve these goals. HolodecML is trained using synthetically generated holograms based on a model of the instrument, and it predicts masks around particles found within reconstructed images. From these masks, the position and size of the detected particles can be characterized in three dimensions. In order to successfully process real holograms, we find we must apply a series of image corrupting transformations and noise to the synthetic images used in training. In this evaluation, HolodecML had comparable position and size estimations performance to the standard processing method, but it improved particle detection by nearly 20 % on several thousand manually labeled HOLODEC images. However, the particle detection improvement only occurred when image corruption was performed on the simulated images during training, thereby mimicking non-ideal conditions in the actual probe. The trained model also learned to differentiate artifacts and other impurities in the HOLODEC images from the particles, even though no such objects were present in the training data set. By contrast, the standard processing method struggled to separate particles from artifacts. HolodecML also leverages GPUs and parallel computing that enables large processing speed gains over serial and CPU-only based evaluation. Our results demonstrate that the machine-learning based framework may be a possible path to both improving and accelerating hologram processing. The novelty of the training approach, which leveraged noise as a means for parameterizing non-ideal aspects of the HOLODEC detector, could be applied in other domains where the theoretical model is incapable of fully describing the real-world operation of the instrument and accurate truth data required for supervised learning cannot be obtained from real-world observations.
PLANNING FOR LEGACY – A COST EFFECTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE APPROACH. CASE STUDY: DUBAI EXPO 2020
Authors: Taha B. , Allan A.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The planning and development of a site for hosting a mega event such as world exhibitions, summer and winter Olympic Games and World Cup, that attracts numerous numbers of visitors and global attention, is a challenging mission and requires a massive and resource intensive effort of coordination and cooperation between different authorities to ensure the timely delivery of the required facilities and infrastructure, on budget and without unanticipated cost overruns. Usually, these mega events last for a relatively short period, which presents a significant financial risk that requires addressing, in order to avoid building surplus assets and infrastructure that will be only used for the limited duration of the event which is fraction of its potential asset life, potentially resulting in it being left unutilized after the event . This risk can be controlled by forming a governance body to ensure appropriate coordination between different authorities to ensure that the plan for hosting a mega event is embedded in and integrated with the plan for the hosting city’s growth and with the objective of ultimately deliver a lasting legacy that efficiently capitalizes on the potential asset life of all of the mega event’s buildings and infrastructure post-event. This research work focuses on the model adopted by Dubai to manage the delivery of the exhibition of Dubai Expo 2020 and the sustainable development that will stay beyond the event. Over the course of planning for this event and its post-event legacy, the Dubai government formed and implemented a system of governance and project management designed to ensure the effective development and delivery of the event and its expected legacy and to safeguard the interests of the city throughout its life-cycle. This research examined the sustainability factors considered in the planning of Dubai’s Expo 2020, considered essential in providing the necessary legacy and that maximized the cost effectiveness of investment. Some of the mega projects implemented as part of the delivery of Dubai’s Expo 2020 and legacy will be outlined in this paper. The main aim of this study is to represent a case study of best practice in the hosting of a mega event and in planning for its legacy.
SPATIAL MAPPING AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Agrawal S. , Agrawal S.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. In public health, the representation and analysis of the incidence of the disease play an important role in assessing the regional disparity and health infrastructure. The geographic information system is one of the best methods to do so. This paper aims to visualise the spread of COVID-19 and perform cluster analysis. The prospective Poisson space-time scan statistic was utilised to detect clusters of COVID-19 at the district level in the Uttar Pradesh state of India. The spatial mapping was performed to assess the situation of COVID-19 and related factors. The log-likelihood ratio and relative risk were calculated monthly from May to December 2020. As per the results, the size and location of clusters kept changing with being more concentrated in Lucknow, Kanpur, Gautam Buddha Nagar districts and NCR regions. The significance of these clusters was less than 0.001. The detection of these clusters helped understand the overall dynamics of the disease spread. The number of confirmed cases declined in most districts, with only a few being at higher risk and needing more attention and resources. It was concluded based on the analysis that the areas of higher economic activities and population density with higher access to hospitals and testing had a larger number of cases and were the regions of hotspots. The findings can help to create health awareness, monitor situations in real-time and evaluate the steps taken to assess their efficacy.
PREDICTING TRAFFIC CONGESTION DURING COVID19 USING HUMAN MOBILITY AND STREET-WASTE FEATURES
Authors: Zarbakhsh N. , McArdle G.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. With COVID-19’s prevalence and government efforts to curb its spread, urban travel behaviour has significantly altered, resulting in a significant shift in traffic congestion. Rather than predicting traffic congestion based on historical data, we aim to model the correlation between travel behaviour and external mobility-related urban features and use Dublin in Ireland as a case study. This study incorporates four categories of urban data, including 1) Mobility-based features, including the government’s interventions and mobility pattern changes in different locations, 2) Environmental features such as weather and urban street-waste, 3) COVID-19- related features such as the positivity and vaccination rates, and 4) Time-related features such as public holidays. First, we examine the impact of COVID-19 on traffic congestion and street-waste to understand the city’s dynamic. Then, multiple machine learning (ML) models, such as random forests, support vector regression, light gradient boosting machine, and multiple linear regression are trained, and their performance optimized to predict traffic congestion changes. We compare the outcomes of the models with several evaluation metrics and interpret the best performing model. The results indicate that mobility changes in grocery and pharmacy, retail and recreation, workplaces sectors, and the amount of urban street-waste significantly contribute to the model outcomes. Findings could predict traffic dynamics in times of crisis and allow authorities to comprehend the effects of their intervention measures on mobility, which would ultimately benefit developing smart cities and intelligent transportation systems.
SCAN-VS-BIM FOR REAL-TIME PROGRESS MONITORING OF BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
Authors: Jiang Z. , Shen X. , Ibrahimkhil M. H. , Barati K. , Linke J.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. New transport infrastructure construction can stimulate the growth of economy as well as improving the public citizen welfare. However, with the rising number of mega infrastructure projects, the low project performance, such as project delay and cost escalation, are challenging the traditional Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Traditional Construction progress monitoring methods rely on manual data collecting and paperwork reporting which can be labor-intensive, time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore, it is necessary for the involved stakeholders to introduce advanced technologies which facilitates assessing the construction performance automatically and ensures the projects to be delivered on time. The application of building information modeling (BIM) provides involved parties an accurate understandable single source of truth that can improve the interoperability of project information. Nevertheless, current ‘Scan-to-BIM’ workflow cannot support the demand for real-time data analysis and status reporting. This paper presents a semi-automatic construction progress monitoring framework that evaluating the project performance of the infrastructure in real-time. It introduces Hausdorff distance which transmits the 3-D geometrical information contained by as-built point cloud to virtual point cloud directly, to avoid the drawbacks of space partitioning algorithms. The Poisson surface reconstruction utilizing volume as criterion to improve the robustness of progress determination. In addition, the application of 2D polygon fitting provides a potentially feasible method to identify the installation of pre-cast components of the bridge construction. The results indicate that the proposed framework can effectively monitor the geometric increment of road bridge construction project.
RESOLVING PERCEPTUAL CHALLENGES OF VISUALIZING UNDERGROUND UTILITIES IN MIXED REALITY
Authors: Muthalif M. Z. A. , Shojaei D. , Khoshelham K.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Augmented reality (AR) is intensely explored due to its wide range of potential applications, from education and engineering to medicine and defense. Nevertheless, utilizing AR for visualizing underground utilities still faces a number of challenges, including the unavailability of reliable, readily accessible digital information about underground utilities, localization of AR devices in a GNSS-deprived environment, and visual perceptual challenges. This paper discusses the utilization of Mixed reality (MR) to address the visual perceptual challenges, which can provide a realistic visualization and convenient user experience compared to AR. Six MR visualization prototypes have been developed, namely, "General view", "General + Range view", "General + Elevator view", "X-Ray box view", "X-Ray box + Depthslider view", and "X-Ray + box + Clipping view", and they are deployed to Microsoft HoloLens 2 for testing purposes. These new MR visualization methods can potentially resolve AR's visual perceptual challenges for visualizing underground utilities.
DIGITAL TWIN CREATION FOR SLUMS IN BRAZIL BASED ON UAV DATA
Authors: Khawte S. S. , Koeva M. N. , Gevaert C. M. , Oude Elberink S. , Pedro A. A.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Favelas are the most common type of informal settlements found in Brazil. The Housing Secretariat, City Hall, Sao Paulo, has conducted surveys using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for the favelas to facilitate the slum upgrading projects and has taken the initiative to create a digital twin of the slum areas. This study illustrates the feasibility of developing a methodological workflow to create a digital twin by automatic 3D building reconstruction in slums from the UAV point cloud and the 2D building footprints with a continuous link for updating the building semantic information. This study focuses on facilitating data integration and updating the semantic information into the 3D model to provide additional information about the individual buildings in the slums. The assessments concluded that the proposed workflow is suitable for creating digital twins for slums based on the UAV and 2D cadastral data. However, the 3D slum model had a few limitations, which are discussed in this paper.
ADAPTING A DIGITAL TWIN TO ENABLE REAL-TIME WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN DECISION-MAKING
Authors: Langenheim N. , Sabri S. , Chen Y. , Kesmanis A. , Felson A. , Mueller A. , Rajabifard A. , Zhang Y.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Landscape architects and urban designers are often tasked with decision-making about implementation of flood moderating measures in urban renewal projects. These decisions require consideration of complex, interdependent existing and proposed infrastructure, and must be informed by data and modelling from multiple disciplines such as hydrologists, transport engineers and urban planners. Here we describe the challenges of integrating these data and modelling from both GIS and BIM sources, into a framework that could support flood moderation decision-making, embedded within a spatially enabled Digital Twin. Our findings outline some of the considerable adjustments to future data collection methods that will be required to enable such a decision-support framework. Furthermore, we outline the requirements of the framework for employability in stakeholders and community decision-making forums. We test this framework on a large-scale urban renewal precinct in Melbourne Australia, with well recognised current and future flooding issues.
GENERATIVE DESIGN FOR WALKABLE CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF SOFIA
Authors: Kumalasari D. , Koeva M. N. , Vahdatikhaki F. , Petrova-Antonova D. , Kuffer M.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The walkable city concept is an extent to which the built environment motivates people to walk by providing comforting pedestrian ways, linking people to various amenities in a fair amount of time and effort. Currently, the implementation of walkability is limited to something "nice to know about" rather than a "must-have" criterion for sustainable planning. To address this issue, an integration between walkability and mainstream design approach, such as generative design, can be a solution. In addition, walkability in the generative design domain only considers one primary indicator: "distance to amenities". While in fact, other dimensions could represent walkability, namely the comfort dimension. In this study, we tried to combine distance to amenities and urban greeneries to represent the comfort dimension. Since walkability is highly personal, we also incorporated the human perspective. Furthermore, develop a workflow to integrate walkability and parametric modelling based on comfort dimensions to create walkability-optimal-urban-plans.
Assessing minimum pyroclastic density current mass to impact critical infrastructures: example from Aso caldera (Japan)
Authors: Bevilacqua Andrea , Aravena Alvaro , Aspinall Willy , Costa Antonio , Mahony Sue , Neri Augusto , Sparks Stephen , Hill Brittain
Published: October 2022

Abstract. We describe a method for calculating the probability that a distal geographic location is impacted by a pyroclastic density current (PDC) of a given size, considering the key related uncertainties. Specifically, we evaluate the minimum volume and mass of a PDC generated at the Aso caldera (Japan) that might affect each of five distal infrastructure (marker) sites, with model input parameter uncertainties derived from expert judgment.
The 5 marker sites are all located 115–145 km from the caldera; as these lie in well-separated directions, we can test the effects of the different topographic shielding effects in each case. To inform our probabilistic analysis, we apply alternative kinetic energy assessment approaches, i.e., rock avalanche and density current dynamics. In the latter formulation, the minimum mass needed to reach the markers ranges between median values of ∼153×1012 and ∼465×1012 kg (M 7.2–7.7), depending on the site. Rock avalanche dynamics modeling indicates that a ∼3-times greater mass would be required to reach the marker sites with 50 % probability, while the hypothetical scenario of a relatively dilute distal ash cloud would require ∼3-times less mass. We compare our results with the largest recorded Aso eruption, showing that a catastrophic eruption, similar to Aso-4, ≈ M8, would present a significant conditional probability of PDCs reaching the marker sites, in the density current formulation and contingent on uncertainty in the erupted mass and on marker site direction.
Towards Smart Blades for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: Different Airfoil Shapes and Tip Speed Ratios
Authors: Tirandaz M. Rasoul , Rezaeiha Abdolrahim , Micallef Daniel
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Future wind turbines will benefit from state-of-the-art technologies that allow them to not only operate efficiently in any environmental condition, but also to maximize the power output and cut the cost of energy production. Smart technology, based on morphing blades, is one of the promising tools that could make this possible. The present study serves as a basis for identifying morphing airfoils as functions of azimuthal angle and tip speed ratio for vertical axis wind turbines. The focus of this work is on the combined analysis of three airfoil shape-defining parameters, namely the maximum thickness t/c and its chordwise position xt/c as well as the leading-edge radius index I. A total of 126 airfoils are generated. The analysis is based on 630 high-fidelity transient CFD simulations, validated with three experiments. The results show that with increasing λ, the optimal maximum thickness decreases from 24 %c to 10 %c, its chordwise position shifts from 35 %c to 22.5 %c, while the corresponding leading-edge radius index remains at 4.5. The results show an average improvement of nearly 0.06 in CP for all the values of λ.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF ROADSIDE AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOPS IN OTA CITY, NIGERIA
Authors:   Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Nigeria, Akanmu Ayobami Ademola , Fasina Simeon Oluwagbenga ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria, Salisu Umar Obafemi ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria, Adeyemo Lukman Adedayo ,   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria, Olorunfemi Samuel Oluwaseyi ,   Federal University of Technology, Nigeria
Published: October 2022

Roadside Automobile Workshop (RAW) activities remain principal components of the informal sector in many Nigerian cities. Its emergence is attributed to the advent of automobiles and their use in easing urban mobility. Expectedly, unlike the formal auto-workshops, the RAW are located across the available spatial places where, motorists find solace to immediate respond to maintenance and other mechanical faults/malfunctions of their vehicles. However, the spatial locations and operations of RAW, along with the accompanying adverse effects, are recurring issues of concern in many cities in Nigeria. In this regard, this study assessed the socio-economic and environmental implications of RAW in the city of Ota, Nigeria. A cross-section survey research is adopted in this study, while 400 residents were sampled using multistage sampling technique. Major findings show that most of the residents have spent over four years in study area. It also revealed that increase loss of green area, noise pollution, and land vibration are the top-ranked environmental implications, while increase road traffic congestion, untrained technicians, and disruption of traffic flow are top-ranked economic implications. However, improve access to maintenance workshop, reduce vehicular breakdown on roads are top-ranked social implications of RAWs. This study concludes that the indiscriminate location of RAWs in the study area is detrimental to socio-economic development of study area (F10 38923.851, p=0.000<0.05), and recommends policy implications and strategies to improve the activities of RAW in the study area.
EFFICIENCY INDICES OF INVESTMENT IN IT PROJECTS WITH EQUAL LIVES
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Bolun Ion , Ghetmancenco Svetlana ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: October 2022

Theoretical results not always give an unambiguous answer regarding the preference of using the indices of efficiency of investment in IT projects with equal lives. To complement some of such results, the Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability (PI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) indices are researched by computer simulation. In this aim, a model of comparative analysis of projects with equal lives is defined and the SIMINV application is made up. Using SIMINV, the percentage of cases when the solutions, obtained according to indices of each of the pairs {NPV, PI}, {NPV, IRR}, {PI, IRR} or of the triplet {NPV, PI, IRR}, differ for seven groups of alternatives of initial data is determined. Based on done calculations, some properties of indices were identified, including: the quantitative features and the character of dependences on initial data; the average percentage of cases with different solutions, which is of approx. 9 % for the pair of indices PI and IRR, and of 34-35 % for the other two pairs of indices specified above. On average, the solutions of comparing the efficiency of projects with equal lives, obtained using the NPV, PI and IRR indices, does not coincide in more than 1/3 of cases.
THE COLLABORATIVE EVALUATION AND CO-DESIGN (CEC) APPROACH: PROSPECTS FOR EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS-INNOVATIONS, EPISTEMOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS
Authors:   Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Morocco, Alladatin Judicaël
Published: October 2022

One typical challenge of designing solutions is that they seem feasible in theory but are difficult to implement at scale and to make sustainable. To address this challenge, there is a growing call for the inclusion of every actor in the innovation process. Our study’s hypothesis points to the collaborative evaluation and co-design (CEC) approach as the ideal way to the adoption of workable solutions. This methodological design paper aims to introduce the reader to the foundations and the use of this approach. Multiple tests of its effectiveness were conducted in different Moroccan school environments. Then a comparative analysis of the tests’ results allowed a revision each time and led to the first finding; the development of the CEC approach based on the theoretical perspective of “meaning making” by actors. The second finding is the different steps of its use, namely the exploratory phase and the organization and conduct of workshops. The research identified key opportunities and recommendations for the successful implementation of the findings. Finally, this evolution of design research from a user-centered approach to co-design opens new areas of collective creativity as well as potentially more sustainable innovations in different fields.
CONNECTION TO THE USE OF FREE ANDROID APPS IN KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors:   Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Nigeria, Paki Zauwali Sabitu , Sani Shamsu ,   Kebbi State Polytechnic, Nigeria, Diri Gambo Isah ,   Kebbi State Polytechnic, Nigeria
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we studied scamming emanating from the use of free Android apps by conducting an online survey with respondents recruited from four tertiary institutions in Kebbi State, Nigeria. We found that the apps used for communication, such as Facebook and WhatsApp, have the highest number of users. Also, 55.26 % of users reported receiving scam messages that could be linked to their use of free apps, whereas 32.45 % of them were indeed defrauded by scammers. The study concludes that the free social media apps coupled with the characteristic of the users’ login credentials could be responsible for the high rate of scam messages that the respondents receive regularly.
THE DILEMMA OF MUSIC INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT: EXTERNAL FACTORS AND INTERNAL TRENDS
Authors:   Academy of Music, Theater and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova, Badicu Iurie
Published: October 2022

This research is motivated by the development of the music industry, in order to obtain new results, through extensive and revolutionary actions to move from the current quality to a new one. The specific hypothesis of the study of the music industry is based on the consideration of the dilemma: although the leaps and interruptions of evolution favor the growth and considerably expand the musical activity, they do not result in a totally new state of quality accompanied by highlighting musical values. Thus, the interpretable cultural result obtained, of the current music industry, is due to a series of external challenges, both solitary distinguished and numerous associated. The study sums up all the challenges, coming from outside the structure of the music industry, to shape the external influence; whose action is reflected in the generation of new internal trends. In this sense, the external influence is the expression, and the internal tendencies are the reflection of this expression. The research used various methods, principles, techniques and scientific procedures combined, and based on the principle of integrity, the author developed his own culturological procedures. At the same time, in the presentation of the material, preference was given to the descriptive method with the application of the elements of comparison, analysis and deduction, as well and the search engine Scopus. The research finds, through the prism of different civilizational paradigms, that the music industry is in the dilemma of its development. In the circumstances of 2022 and for the next period, the author concludes with two directions of development of the music industry that require special research.
DIGITAL REVITALIZATION OF POPULAR PORT PRODUCTS
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Cangas Svetlana , Florea-Burduja Elena ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: October 2022

Restoring and revitalizing popular port products is a long-term process. The time workmanship for making a shirt by an experienced craftswoman lasts about from six to nine months. Various studies of the folk costume often require the restoration of the product. The need for restoration is imposed by: the analysis and study of the cooperation of embroidery elements with the form of product offered by shirts of different types; analysis and adaptation of the shape of the shirt to the conformation of the wearer; analysis of the form and assembly methods offered by the cut schemes; restoration of cut landmarks and schemes with immediate simulation on the mannequin of museum products (Republic of Moldova); analysis and adaptation of these products to carrier conformation parameters; identification of conformation parameters, etc. The advanced level of contemporary digital technologies allows us in reduced time to simulate the product form without waste accumulations and the destruction of raw material resources. In this work will be presented the results offered by the digital simulation of the products of folk costumes, vestiges of the cultural heritage from the Museum of History and Ethnography, Hancesti city. You also have the connection possibilities of digital technologies and technologies used in the manufacture of popular port products.
Отношение благородного сословия к роли социального этикета в Российской империи в конце XIX в.
Authors: Косова Дарья Геннадьевна
Published: October 2022

Современная историческая наука тяготеет к изучению истории повседневной культуры. Несмотря на данный факт, социальный этикет в кругах благородного сословия Российской империи в конце XIX века по сей день остается крайне малоизученной темой исторического наследия прошлого. Между тем социальный этикет конца XIX века является ключевой составляющей понимания мировоззрения дворянского сословия, его повседневной жизни. Указанный период стал важным этапом в формировании нового социально-правового статуса дворянского сословия, что оказало влияние и на культурную составляющую. В большинстве научных работ, касающихся нашего вопроса, заметна тенденция к противопоставлению светской культуры религиозным догматам, что, по мнению автора, является заблуждением, поскольку для дворян светская культура общения была «продолжением» религиозности.
Аграрное движение в Воронежской губернии в 1917 г.
Authors: Зверков Евгений Андреевич
Published: October 2022

На рубеже XIX–XX столетий крестьянское население Воронежской губернии росло с удивительной быстротой, в то время как земельный фонд оставался практически неизменным. Таким образом, шло неуклонное сокращение среднедушевого надела, которое, вкупе с малодоходностью крестьянского хозяйства, приводило к постепенному материальному обеднению общинников. Разрушение вертикали государственной власти, последовавшее за отречением императора Николая II и революционными процессами в Петрограде, позволило крестьянам попробовать самостоятельно решить т. н. «земельный вопрос». Несмотря на то, что к 1917 г. в руках частных землевладельцев оставалось не более 10 % всего пахотного клина губернии, насильственные конфискации земель рассматривались крестьянами как наиболее надёжный способ снижения остроты малоземелья. Сохранившиеся свидетельства эпохи показывают, что многие сельские общества стремились создать впечатление, согласно которому они не отнимают землю, а лишь спасают её от запустения. Для этого общинники осуществляли политику нарушения хозяйственной жизни имений и их разорения. Что касается политических партий, то они, несмотря на активную работу, не смогли заключить аграрное движение губернии в матрицу политической борьбы.
Cuhea as the example of structural churches în Moldova și Transilvania
Authors: NESTEROV Tamara
Published: October 2022

The article describes a group of churches, made of stone, in the structure of which the specificity of the construction technique of wooden buildings has been preserved. The name of the village Cuhea, where the oldest churches of this type is located, gave the name of the group, having a symbolic meaning, the village being of Bogdan, the first voivode of Moldova.The place of genesis of this churches is located in Maramureș, where the forested natural environment provided the building material, suggesting the construction technique and architectural forms. A specific of this group of churches are the short nave and the elongated apse of the altar, features characteristic of Romanesque basilicas, and the separation of the women’s room that was later. Another specific is the transposition in stone of the crowns from the beams, through an ancient process, which simultaneously offered the thickness and length of the walls of the crowns. The Carpathian Mountains are in the contact area of Eastern Christianity (Orthodoxy) and Western Christianity (Catholicism), where the old local folk methods were enriched with new ones, which the master builders spread far along the eastern and western slopes of the Carpathians. In historical Moldova, churches with similar structural-planimetric characteristics are attested only in the villages: Cotnari, Iași country, and Lipceni, Rezina district.
Historiographical landmarks in the axiology of the art of Moldovan book graphics of the period of 1945—2010s
Authors: ROCACIUC Victoria
Published: October 2022

Until now, the values of the Moldavian book graphics of the period of 1945—2010s have been little studied, the criteria for their analysis and evaluation have not been established, and methodological approaches in this area were incomplete and fragmented. We consider it necessary to recall the essence and relationship of some theoretical concepts related to the „artistic image”, „artistic value” and „aesthetic value”, as well as the concepts of „narrative” and „symbol” in the context of an axiological analysis of national book graphics. This investigation will allow us to study the features and possibilities of the axiological approach to the research of illustrations created by local graphic artists. Such characteristic features of the artistic image as narrative and symbol can be interpreted as separate directions or principles of book design. At the same time, previous investigations have shown that in the evolution of national book graphics, narrative and symbol have gone through various stages of approaches and interpretations. Even the degree of evaluation of works with these characteristics has not remained unchanged. Thus, it seems important to analyze these concepts in the context of the evolution of artistic and aesthetic values inherent in book illustration.
The Last Black (Jewish) Unicorn: Tiffany Haddish’s Black Mitzvah and the Reframing of Jewish Female Identity
Authors: Pickette Samantha
Published: October 2022

This paper explores the work of Tiffany Haddish, the Black Jewish stand-up comedian and actress, both in terms of Haddish’s contributions to the well-established canon of Jewish female comedy and in terms of the ways that Haddish’s work paves new ground. Through an analysis of Haddish’s 2019 Netflix special, Black Mitzvah, this paper first traces the stylistic and aesthetic methods that connect Haddish’s comedy with that of her Jewish peers (both historical and contemporaneous) and then considers the areas where Haddish breaks new ground in her assertion of a non-paradigmatic Jewish identity that is simultaneously embraced and othered within popular culture at large. The paper then transitions into a larger discussion of the ways in which Haddish’s work challenges how popular culture “expects” Jewish identity to manifest itself; her double visibility both as a Black woman and as a Jewish woman destabilizes the hegemonic understanding of Jewishness as homogenously white and Ashkenazic. Perhaps more importantly, Haddish acts as an important case study of the shifting demographics of Jewish visibility within American popular culture, and consequently, the critical and popular response to her work demonstrates the contradictory role that popular culture—and comedy specifically—plays in confirming and subverting stereotypes.
“Exiled from Exile Itself”: Jewish Privilege and the Feminist Afterlives of Yiddish in Crazy Ex-Girlfriend and Broad City
Authors: Luzon Danny
Published: October 2022

This essay studies how Jewish creators of television comedy negotiate the tension between Jewish white privilege and inherited memories of social precarity by shaping a Jewish-ly coded vernacular. Specifically, I explore the multilingual idioms designed by Ilana Glazer, Abbi Jacobson, and Rachel Bloom in the sitcoms Broad City and Crazy Ex-Girlfriend. I argue that their feminist language design generates various afterlives for a migratory diasporic condition that is by now for them a mere memory. Through vernacular reimaginations of their own removal from their ancestors’ precarity, they envision new linguistic ways to unsettle hegemonic structures of gender, sexuality, race, and culture.
E. G. Browne, the Persophile: Orientalism in A Year Amongst the Persians
Authors: Ghoreishi Marziyeh
Published: October 2022

In his seminal Orientalism, Edward Said describes the Orient as a cultural construction of the East, represented by Europeans as a point of contrast to the West. The Orient thus comes to be seen as an Other against the Western Self, conveying a set of characteristics that are typically considered to be feminine and encompass such features as sensuality, irrationality, and violence. These features are set against a masculine, strong, and rational West. Travel writing in particular has been concerned with the exercise of power and authority in the Orient. Using Said’s theory of Orientalism, this article looks at Edward Granville Browne’s A Year Amongst the Persians to examine Browne’s perception and understanding of Iran and Iranians. Browne began learning Persian in 1882 and subsequently became a Persophile and admirer of Persian language and culture. He spent 1887–8 in Iran and among Iranians and published his travelogue in 1893. For a better understanding of Browne’s position on imperialism and Orientalism, the article examines the writings of some British travelers and explores the cultural bias implicit in their works and their construction of the “imaginary” Orient and uses that as a point of comparison and contrast with Browne’s travelogue.