bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Method for Considering Error Propagation in Reliability Estimation of Component-Based Software Systems
Authors: Malik Preeti , Nautiyal Lata , Ram Mangey
Published: April 2019

Component-based software engineering has proved itself as a strong pillar in software engineering community. Large number of factors are involved in the success of software product developed using Component-based software engineering, for instance, security, reliability, quality, safety, and testability. As the component-based software is made up of large number of components put together, therefore components’ reliability influence the reliability of the complete software. Numerous models and principles have been established to estimate the reliability of software by applying information regarding architecture, quality and security attributes of the software. Many researchers overlooked a major factor while estimating reliability of component-based software and that is error-propagation. Although it can be a case that the components are not dependent on each other and they are supplemented with the wrappers. However it is not true for many component-based applications. In this paper, a framework for reliability estimation has been proposed. In our proposal we have considered error propagation. We have analyzed the program structure and also presented how they are handled in estimation process. Further sensitivity analysis is done to identify the most sensitive component of the system. A numerical simulation is also presented for better understanding of the proposed framework.
Conditional Monitoring of Switched Reluctance Motor for Static and Dynamic Eccentricity Faults with Fault Isolation
Authors: Reddy Aduru Veera , Kumar Balasubramanian Mahesh
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the proposed technique interlinking Proteus and Arduino is a novel and cost-effective strategy helps to identify the fault and protect the machine by giving the signal for isolation from supply, it is suitable for all industrial applications. The fault tolerance of the switched reluctance motor is high, but cannot be acclaimed for absolute and should be analyzed under different operating conditions. It is preliminary to examine and diagnose the eccentricity to achieve the smooth running of the motor. The Emulation results for the proposed model successfully exhibited the type of fault, location and also give the details of emergency of repair in a particular section based on the severity of fault in that location. This is a simple and powerful integrated technique feasible to use in all types of laboratory, industrial and research and development applications.
A Study of the Effects on QoS in WiFi-Cellular Offloading Scenarios
Authors: Rao D. Srinivasa , Naidu G. B. S. R.
Published: April 2019

Nowadays the mobile data usage has been significantly increased by an unprecedented amount with the wide spread of smart devices, which is known as the explosion of data traffic. The rapid growth in mobile data traffic leads to a deficiency of cellular network capacity. To solve this problem, readily available Wi-Fi networks are used to offload the data traffic from cellular networks. The Wi-Fi offloading must ensure guaranteed throughput and delay performance for the users. However, if the user doesn’t meet any Wi-Fi network during the download period, the quality of experience gets degraded. Quality of experience can be improved with the help of various techniques such as resource allocation, scheduling, and handoff schemes. To know the effect of the offloading process, some key parameters are identified in this paper and the effect of offloading on these parameters is studied. Here, in this paper a study of various parameters like download time, number of users, data size on the throughput, delay and packet loss is done in the cellular network -WiFi offloading scenarios. This study highlights the need for an efficient QoS mechanism in future heterogeneous networks. It can be considered as a research aspect in upcoming integrated networks.
UM DI�LOGO MATEM�TICO ENTRE A BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR E A PROPOSTA CURRICULAR DE GUARULHOS - QSN
Authors: Paula Vanessa Sena de
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar a nova proposta curricular aprovada pelo Governo Federal em 2017 denominada Base Nacional Comum Curricular e o Quadro de Saberes Necess�rios, atual proposta da rede de ensino do munic�pio de Guarulhos. Para tanto ser�o utilizadas como refer�ncias principais os pr�prios documentos supracitados as vistas de fortalecer e experenciar um movimento que ser� realizado pelas Secretarias de Educa��o Brasil a fora. A an�lise busca aproxima��es e dist�ncias entre os conte�dos matem�ticos em Probabilidade e Estat�stica/Tratamento da Informa��o que ora podem dialogar e direcionar para uma mesma pr�tica ora se distanciar ou negligenciar alguns conhecimentos.
O PAPEL DO MAGIST�RIO FEMININO NO CONTEXTO DA HIST�RIA DA EDUCA��O SANIT�RIA, EM S�O PAULO (1938-1942)
Authors: Dos Santos Bruno Marco Cuer , Floria Marcelo
Published: April 2019

A inten��o deste artigo � conhecer e fazer vir � tona as temporalidades, contradi��es, representa��es e singularidades da Se��o de Propaganda e Educa��o Sanit�ria, denominada SPES. A SPES era subordinada ao departamento de Sa�de P�blica do Estado de S�o Paulo e foi criada pelo decreto 9. 322 de 14 de agosto de 1938 e adotou concep��es de car�ter preventivo-educativo, procurando viabilizar o projeto sanitarista para a sociedade paulista, por meio de estrat�gias de persuas�o, que eram as de higienizar as consci�ncias e os corpos com aux�lio de pr�ticas educativas, por onde seriam ministradas normas adequadas de condutas. Ficou evidenciado na pesquisa, que a SPES alertava para a import�ncia do trabalho do magist�rio feminino, na pr�tica cotidiana, como sanitaristas de corpos e mentes dos alunos.
Physiological responses to drought of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl in semi-arid conditions
Authors: Ramos Fabio Rodrigues , Freire Antonio Lucineudo Oliveira
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) plants grown in the field, in Caatinga, during wet and dry seasons. Adult plants were selected for evaluation in March and April (wet season) and May and June (dry season), during 2016. We evaluated the soil water content, water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψπ), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), photosynthetic rate (A), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci). The reduction in water availability in the soil promoted a marked decrease in soil water potential, which was more affected than the relative water content. The opening of the stomata was affected by the decrease in soil moisture content, reducing the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. The photosynthesis was more affected than transpiration by the reduction in soil moisture content.
Azobenzene Container Showing a Definite Folding – Synthesis and Structural Investigation
Authors: Adam Abdulselam , Mehrparvar Saber , Haberhauer Gebhard
Published: April 2019

The combination of photo-switchable units with macrocycles is a very interesting field in supramolecular chemistry. Here, we present the synthesis of a foldable container consisting of two different types of Lissoclinum macrocyclic peptides which are connected via two azobenzene units. The container is controllable by light: Irradiation with UV light causes a switching process to the compact cis,cis isomer, whereas by the use of visible light the stretched trans,trans isomer is formed. By means of quantum chemical calculations and CD spectroscopy we could show that the trans→cis isomerization is spatially directed; that means that one of the two different macrocycles performs a definite clockwise rotation to the other, caused by irradiation with UV light. For the cis→trans isomerization counterclockwise rotations are found. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations reveal that the energy of the cis,cis isomer is only slightly higher than the energy of the cis,trans isomer. This effect can be explained by the high dispersion energy in the compact cis,cis isomer.
Assessing Disk Galaxy Stability through Time
Authors: Valencia-Enríquez D. , Puerari I. , Rodrigues I.
Published: April 2019

N-body simulations have shown that a bar in a galaxy can be triggered by two processes: (1) by its own instabilities in the disk, or (2) by interactions with other galaxies. Both mechanisms have been widely studied. However, the literature has not shown measurements of the critical limits of the disk stability parameters (DSPs). We show measurements of those parameters through the whole evolution in isolated disk models and find that the initial rotation configuration of those models stays in the stable or unstable regime from the initial to the final evolution. Then we perturbed the isolated models to study the evolution of DSPs under perturbation. We find that the critical limits of DSPs are not much affected in barred models, but when the bar is triggered by a perturbation, the disk falls into the unstable regimen. We show in our models that a bar triggered by a light perturbation grows in two phases: first, the bar appears as a slow rotator, and then it evolves to be a fast rotator; second, when the perturbation is far from the target galaxy, the bar evolves from fast to slow rotator. When the bar is triggered by a heavy perturbation, it appears as a fast rotator and evolves to be a slow rotator, similar to classical bar models.
Polarimetric and Photometric Investigation of the Dark Globule LDN 1225: Distance, Extinction Law, and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Eswaraiah Chakali , Lai Shih-Ping , Ma Yuehui , Pandey Anil K. , Jose Jessy , Chen Zhiwei , Samal Manash R. , Wang Jia-Wei , Sharma Saurabh , Ojha D. K.
Published: April 2019

We present results based on the optical R-band observations of the polarization of 280 stars distributed toward the dark globule LDN 1225. Parallaxes from Gaia data release 2 along with the polarization data of ∼200 stars have been used to (a) constrain the distance of LDN 1225 as 830 ± 83 pc, (b) determine the contribution of interstellar polarization, and (c) characterize the dust properties and delineate the magnetic field (B-field) morphology of LDN 1225. We find that B-fields are more organized and exhibit a small dispersion of 12°. Using the 12CO molecular line data from the Purple Mountain Observatory, along with the column density and dispersion in B-fields, we estimate the B-field strength to be ∼56 ± 10 μG, the ratio of magnetic to turbulent pressure to be ∼3 ± 2, and the ratio of mass to magnetic flux (in units of the critical value) to be <1. These results indicate the dominant role of B-fields in comparison to turbulence and gravity in rendering the cloud support. B-fields are aligned parallel to the low-density parts (traced by a 12CO map) of the cloud; in contrast, they are neither parallel nor perpendicular to the high-density core structures (traced by 13CO and C18O maps). LDN 1225 hosts two 70 μm sources, which seem to be low-mass Class 0 sources. The ratio of total to selective extinction derived using optical and near-infrared photometric data is found to be anomalous (R

V
= 3.4), suggesting the growth of dust grains in LDN 1225. The polarization efficiency of dust grains follows a power law with an index of −0.7, implying that optical polarimetry traces B-fields in the outer parts of the cloud.
ALMA Observations of Layered Structures due to CO Selective Dissociation in the ρ Ophiuchi A Plane-parallel PDR
Authors: Yamagishi M. , Hara C. , Kawabe R. , Nakamura F. , Kamazaki T. , Takekoshi T. , Shimajiri Y. , Nomura H. , Takakuwa S. , Francesco J. Di
Published: April 2019

We analyze 12CO(J = 2−1), 13CO(J = 2−1), C18O (J = 2−1), and 1.3 mm continuum maps of the ρ Ophiuchi A photodissociation region (PDR) obtained with ALMA. Layered structures of the three CO isotopologues with an angular separation of 10″ = 6.6 × 10−3 pc = 1400 au are clearly detected around the Be star, S1 (i.e., each front of emission shifts from the near to far side in order of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O). We estimate the spatial variations of X(13CO)/X(C18O) abundance ratios, and find that the abundance ratio is as high as 40 near the emission front, and decreases to the typical value in the solar system of 5.5 on a small angular scale of 4″ = 2.6 × 10−3 pc = 560 au. We also find that the I(12CO(2−1))/I(13CO(2−1)) intensity ratio is very high (>21) in the flat-spectrum young stellar object, GY-51, located in the PDR. The enhancement of the ratios indicates that the UV radiation significantly affects the CO isotopologues via selective dissociation in the overall ρ Ophiuchi A PDR, and that the ρ Ophiuchi A PDR has a plane-parallel structure.
The Observed versus Total Population of ULXs
Authors: Wiktorowicz Grzegorz , Lasota Jean-Pierre , Middleton Matthew , Belczynski Krzysztof
Published: April 2019

We have analyzed how anisotropic emission of radiation affects the observed sample of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) by performing simulations of the evolution of stellar populations, employing recent developments in stellar and binary physics, and by utilizing a geometrical beaming model motivated by theory and observation. While ULXs harboring black hole accretors (BH ULXs) are typically emitting isotropically, the majority of ULXs with neutron star accretors (NS ULXs) are found to be beamed. These findings confirm previous assertions that a significant fraction of ULXs are hidden from view due to a substantial misalignment of the emission beam and the line of sight. We find the total number of NS ULXs in regions with constant star formation (SF), solar metallicity, and ages above

to be higher than the BH ULXs, although observationally both populations are comparable. For lower metallicities, BH ULX dominate both the total and observed ULX populations. As far as burst SF is concerned, young ULX populations are dominated by BH ULXs, but this changes as the population ages and, post SF, NS ULXs dominate both the observed and total ULX populations. We also compare our simulation output to a previous analytical prediction for the relative ratio of BH to NS ULXs in idealized flux-limited observations and find broad agreement for all but the lowest metallicities. In so doing, we find that in such surveys the observed ULX population should be heavily dominated by black hole systems rather than by systems containing neutron stars.
Photometric Determination of the Mass Accretion Rates of Pre-main-sequence Stars. VI. The Case of LH 95 in the Large Magellanic Cloud*
Authors: Biazzo Katia , Beccari Giacomo , Marchi Guido De , Panagia Nino
Published: April 2019

We report on the accretion properties of low-mass stars in the LH 95 association within the Large Magellanic Cloud. Using noncontemporaneous wideband optical and narrowband Hα photometry obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, we identify 245 low-mass pre-main-sequence (PMS) candidates showing Hα excess emission above the 4σ level. We derive their physical parameters, including effective temperatures, luminosities, masses (M
⋆), ages, accretion luminosities, and mass accretion rates (

). We identify two different stellar populations: younger than ∼8 Myr with median

yr−1 (and M
⋆ ∼ 0.15–1.8 M
⊙) and older than ∼8 Myr with median

yr−1 (and M
⋆ ∼ 0.6–1.2 M
⊙). We find that the younger PMS candidates are assembled in groups around Be stars, while older PMS candidates are uniformly distributed within the region without evidence of clustering. We find that

in LH 95 decreases with time more slowly than what is observed in Galactic star-forming regions (SFRs). This agrees with the recent interpretation, according to which higher metallicity limits the accretion process in both rate and duration due to higher radiation pressure. The

–M
⋆ relationship shows different behavior at different ages, becoming progressively steeper at older ages, indicating that the effects of mass and age on

cannot be treated independently. With the aim to identify reliable correlations between mass, age, and

, we used a multivariate linear regression fit between these parameters for our PMS candidates. The comparison between our results and those obtained in other SFRs of our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds confirms the importance of the metallicity for the study of the

evolution in clusters with different environmental conditions.
Limits on Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational-wave-detected Binary Black Hole Mergers
Authors: Perna Rosalba , Lazzati Davide , Farr Will
Published: April 2019

Unlike mergers of two compact objects containing a neutron star (NS), binary black hole (BBH) mergers are not accompanied by the production of tidally disrupted material and hence lack the most direct source of accretion to power a jet and generate electromagnetic (EM) radiation. However, following a tentative detection by the Fermi GBM of a γ-ray counterpart to GW150914, several ideas were proposed for driving a jet and producing EM radiation. If such jets were in fact produced, they would, however, lack the cocoon emission that makes jets from binary NSs also bright at large viewing angles. Here, via Monte Carlo simulations of a population of BBH mergers with properties consistent with those inferred from the existing LIGO/Virgo observations and the angular emission characteristic of jets propagating into the interstellar medium, we derive limits on the allowed energetics and Lorentz factors of such jets from EM follow-ups to GW-detected BBH merger events to date, and we make predictions that will help tighten these limits with broadband EM follow-ups to events in future LIGO/Virgo runs. The condition that ≲1 event out of 10 GW-detected BBH mergers be above the Fermi/GBM threshold imposes that any currently allowed emission model has to satisfy the condition (E
iso/1049 erg)(θ
jet/20°) ≲ 1.
Testing Shear Recovery with Field Distortion
Authors: Zhang Jun , Dong Fuyu , Li Hekun , Li Xiangchong , Li Yingke , Liu Dezi , Luo Wentao , Fu Liping , Li Guoliang , Fan Zuhui
Published: April 2019

The tilt, rotation, or offset of each CCD with respect to the focal plane, as well as the distortion of the focal plane itself, causes shape distortions in the observed objects, an effect typically known as field distortion (FD). We point out that FD provides a unique way of quantifying the accuracy of cosmic shear measurement. The idea is to stack the shear estimators from galaxies that share similar FD-induced shape distortions. Given that the latter can be calculated with parameters from astrometric calibrations, the accuracy of the shear estimator can be directly tested on real images. It provides a way to calibrate the multiplicative and additive shear recovery biases within the scientific data itself, without requiring simulations or any external data sets. We use the CFHTLenS images to test the Fourier_Quad shear recovery method. We highlight some details in our image-processing pipeline, including background removal, source identification and deblending, astrometric calibration, star selection for point-spread function reconstruction, noise reduction, etc. We show that in the shear ranges of −0.005 ≲ g
1 ≲ 0.005 and −0.008 ≲ g
2 ≲ 0.008, the multiplicative biases are at the level of ≲0.04. Slight additive biases on the order of ∼5 × 10−4 (6σ) are identified for sources provided by the official CFHTLenS catalog (not using its shear catalog), but are minor (4σ) for the source catalog generated by our Fourier_Quad pipeline.
Evolution of Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability on the Venusian Ionopause with the Influence of Hall Effect
Authors: Li Yun , Lu Haoyu
Published: April 2019

It has been demonstrated that Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability is an essential large-scale mechanism to generate plasma waves along the boundary layers of Venus. In this paper, evolution of KH instability on the Venusian ionopause with the influence of the Hall effect was investigated under Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. Linear and nonlinear physical behaviors of KH instability with different wavelengths of perturbation, magnetic field configurations, and ion inertial lengths were studied. Numerical results indicate that, for perturbation with short wavelength, the circulation area of matter becomes small and the driving force is weakened. The combined effect of short wavelength and the antiparallel magnetic field leads to longer linear growth time, while the antiparallel magnetic field tends to enlarge the pressure gradient. As for the moderate wavelength of perturbation, the growth rate reaches its peak value, whereas the maximal y component of total kinetic energy increases significantly with the wavelength. Hall MHD simulations indicate that the Hall effect does not change the growth rates for different ion inertial lengths at all. However, the Hall effect has a depression effect on small structures at the nonlinear stage of KH instability.
Checklist of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps in Switzerland (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae): 470 species new for the country and an appraisal of the alpine diversity
Authors: Klopfstein Seraina , Riedel Matthias , Schwarz Martin
Published: April 2019

We here present the first comprehensive and validated species list of the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae in Switzerland. The list includes 1,878 species and is based on both an extensive literature research and a review of all reliably identified specimens present in the major Swiss collections. Because of the incomplete taxonomic treatment of this largest hymenopteran family, we adopted a conservative approach, accepting only species that have been published recently and/or were identified by recognized experts. The subfamilies Adelognathinae, Brachycyrtinae, Diacritinae and Lycorininae are reported for the first time for the country, as are 470 of the 1,878 species. The true number of species of ichneumonids in Switzerland is probably much higher, given the incomplete revision of Swiss specimens and the fact that large areas of the country were studied very sparsely or not at all. The subalpine and alpine areas deserve special attention, as they show a higher ratio between the number of species per collected specimen; these areas should be the focus of intensified collecting efforts in the future. The current list may serve as a starting point for more extensive taxonomic and faunistic work on Ichneumonidae in Switzerland.
Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Macaronesia I: The native forests of the Azores (Pico and Terceira islands)
Authors: Malumbres-Olarte Jagoba , Cardoso Pedro , Crespo Luís Carlos , Gabriel Rosalina , Pereira Fernando , Carvalho Rui , Rego Carla , Nunes Rui , Ferreira Maria , Amorim Isabel , Rigal François , Borges Paulo A. V.
Published: April 2019

The data presented here come from samples collected as part of two recent research projects (NETBIOME - ISLANDBIODIV and FCT - MACDIV) which aimed at understanding the drivers of community assembly in Macaronesian islands. We applied the sampling protocol COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment, Cardoso 2009) in sixteen 50 m x 50 m native forest plots in the Azorean Islands of Pico (6 plots) and Terceira (10 plots) to assess spider diversity. Through this publication, we contribute to the knowledge of the arachnofauna of the Azores and, more specifically, to that of the islands of Pico and Terceira.

The collected samples yielded 8,789 specimens, of which 45% were adults (3,970) belonging to 13 families, 36 species and three morphospecies that have yet to be described. Species of the family Linyphiidae dominated the samples, with 17 species and two morphospecies that have yet to be described (48% of the taxa). Out of the identified (morpho)species, 16 were introduced, 13 Azorean endemic (three of which were undescribed) and seven native (five of them Macaronesian endemics). We report the first record of the introduced species Haplodrassussignifer and Agynetadecora in Pico Island.
Complete genome sequence analysis of a lytic Shigella flexneri vB_SflS-ISF001 bacteriophage
Authors: SHAHIN Khashayar , BOUZARI Majid , WANG Ran
Published: April 2019

Shigellosis is one of the most important acute enteric infections caused by different species of Shigella, such as
Shigella flexneri. Despite the use of antibiotic therapy to reduce disease duration, this approach is becoming less effective
due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance among Shigella spp. Bacteriophages have been introduced as an alternative
for controlling shigellosis. However, the bacteriophages must be without any lysogenic or virulence factors, toxin coding,
or antibiotic-resistant genes. In this study, the whole genome sequence of vB_SflS-ISF001, a virulent Siphoviridae
bacteriophage specific for Shigella flexneri, was obtained, and a comparative genomic analysis was carried out to identify
its properties and safety. vB_SflS-ISF001 genomic DNA was measured at 50,552 bp with 78 deduced open reading frames
(ORFs), with 24 ORFs (30.77%) sharing similarities with proteins from the genomes of homologous phages that had been
reported earlier. Genetic analysis classifies it under the genus T1virus of the subfamily Tunavirinae. Moreover, comparative
genomic analysis revealed no undesirable genes in the genome of vB_SflS-ISF001, such as antibiotic resistance, virulence,
lysogeny, or toxin-coding genes. The results of this investigation indicate that vB_SflS-ISF001 is a new species, and confirm
its safety for the biocontrol of S. flexneri.
Correlates of Prejudice in Nursing Students
Authors: Eliason Michele J
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Nursing is still a predominantly White profession, and many nursing students have had little experience with people of diverse races or sexual identities. The purpose of this study was to examine racial awareness and attitudes toward sexual minorities in incoming nursing students. The findings indicated that students had a low awareness of race issues but stated that they felt comfortable working with people of other races. Attitudes toward lesbian, gay, end bisexual people were more negative and fewer students reported feeling comfortable working with sexual minorities. Low racial awareness and negative attitudes about sexual minorities were related. Parental attitudes toward sexual minorities were related to student level of comfort working with sexual minorities, but parental attitudes about racial minorities were not related to student level of comfort with people of other races. The correlates of low racial awareness and negative attitudes about sexual minorities were similar.
Rapport au travail des enseignants de judo en France : entre valeurs défendues et tensions inhérentes à l’activité
Authors: Perez-Roux Thérèse , Perez Sylvie , Gabriel Philippe , Papet Jacqueline , Cassignol Florence
Published: April 2019

Les évolutions socio-économiques, idéologiques, politiques qui affectent aujourd’hui les champs de l’enseignement, de la formation et de l’éducation, conduisent les acteurs concernés à requestionner le sens de leur travail. La présente contribution s’intéresse aux représentations et valeurs des enseignants de judo. Il s’agit de repérer comment ces derniers se positionnent vis-à-vis des logiques parfois contradictoires auxquelles ils doivent répondre. L’étude s’inscrit dans une double orientation : psycho-sociale (représentations, valeurs, implication professionnelle) et sociologique (rapport au travail, reconnaissance). Au plan méthodologique, suite à une approche ethnographique, deux séries d’entretiens semi-directifs ont été conduites en 2016 par une équipe de quatre chercheurs sur la région Occitanie. Par ailleurs, un questionnaire (sous sphinx) a été proposé en octobre-novembre 2016, sur la même région, puis diffusé au niveau national. Le croisement de ces différentes données permet de comprendre les valeurs partagées et les tensions auxquelles un certain nombre d’enseignants de judo sont confrontés dans leur activité au quotidien. Les résultats soulignent et illustrent les nombreux dilemmes à gérer : entre plaisir et effort, loisir et compétition, tradition et changement. Les enseignants de judo doivent veiller de plus en plus à rentabiliser leur structure, sans perdre pour autant les valeurs fondatrices du judo. Ils ont aussi à trouver un équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie privée. L’étude éclaire, au moins pour partie, le rapport au travail que ces enseignants construisent pour s’adapter aux évolutions et conserver le sens de leur action.
Active Peer-Based Flip Teaching
Authors: García-Peñalvo Francisco José , Fidalgo-Blanco Ángel , Sein-Echaluce María Luisa , Sánchez-Canales María
Published: April 2019

The RT-CICLO model (real time – collective intelligence applied to a cooperative learning with a social base) is based on generalist processes identified in main active methodologies. This model has been developed as a general model. Therefore, it could be applicable to any active methodology. The main characteristic of the RT-CICLO method is not only to foster active learning, but also to enable students to acquire active skills. In this chapter, the RT-CICLO model is applied to a flip teaching methodology throughout all its phases (lesson at home and homework in the classroom). The main results are obtained in two steps. The first step confirms that students acquire active skills. The second one explores the impact of knowledge creation by students as a way to get feedback and to use the created knowledge as a learning object. It should be highlighted that students' perceptions are positive using this approach.
Flip and Retrofit University Lecture Theatre Into Caribbean Classrooms
Authors: Feraria Paulette Joyce
Published: April 2019

Caribbean students and teachers in training in a university setting explored teaching and learning in a new dialogic wall-less classroom space in their dual roles as teachers and learners in flipped classroom assessment spaces. This chapter explores how placing university course delivery and assessment within a television teaching-learning studio registered a shift from the usual top-down classroom practice (teach-learn-test) towards synchronous teacher and student inquiry, innovation, experiment, and assessment. Flipping print-rich classrooms into performance-rich classrooms and regular classrooms and lecture theatres into a television learning studio resulted in teacher-student and secondary students role reversals as teachers and learners, symbiotic learning and the strengthening of teacher pedagogy. The findings are indicating that the flipped classroom is a cognitive space that can be retrofitted into teacher- and student-created media spaces for sustainable practice in teacher education and assessment that support alternative pathways to teaching and learning.
Assessing the Pilot Implementation of Flipped Classroom Methodology in the Concrete and Steel Structures Subject of Architecture Undergraduate Studies
Authors: Campanyà Carles , Fonseca David , Martí Nuria , Amo Daniel , Simón David
Published: April 2019

This work is focused in implementing and assessing a flipped classroom model in the concrete and steel structures subject, a core subject within architecture undergraduate studies. Even though current legislation in Spain settle architects as the last responsible of building structures, most architects delegate these processes in professional studios specialized in structures. Being the most common way of proceeding in architectural studios, it is not uncommon among architects to think that a deep knowledge in structures is not necessary, especially regarding calculations development. In this framework, concrete and steel structures is a subject with high logical reasoning component using mathematics, and this knowledge is considered by most of the students as difficult to acquire. With the aim of increasing students' motivation in the subject contents and improving students' acquisition of competences a new teaching proposal using flipped classroom method has been designed, implemented, and analyzed.
Digitizing Learning
Authors: Lane Carol-Ann
Published: April 2019

The adoption of video games as an alternative classroom resource is acknowledged in technology and multiliteracies discourses as a strategy for meaning-making and developing cultural knowledge. This chapter addresses how educators may be informed about strategies that can potentially reinvent traditional literacy pedagogical boundaries and how boys' meaning-making establishes new ways and practices shaping their learning processes. This multi-case study examined the experiences of four boys engaged with video gaming in two different contexts: a community center and an after-school video club. A number of findings emanating from this study, including the following: (1) boys use their video gaming practices for meaning-making and collaborative efforts; (2) boys apply their cultural knowledge as creative innovators; (3) boys demonstrate peer mentoring through storytelling, face-to-face interactions, or in their online community of practice; (4) boys make meanings using metacognitive literacy skills; and (5) boys focus on cultural preservation and narrative storytelling.
Personalized Education for a Programming Course in Higher Education
Authors: Rojas-López Arturo , García-Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to present the intervention in personalized education for the Programming Methodology course in higher education. Indicators such as dropout rate, failing rate, and poor academic performance of the students of Universidad Tecnológica de Puebla (UTP) are necessary to propose strategies that improve education quality. Therefore, during the four-month periods of September – December in 2016 and 2017, the authors performed interventions with the strategy of personalized education with the objective to improve the indicators mentioned above. The four strategy elements are 1) content, 2) work methods, 3) pace and times, and 4) assessments options. The study that is presented in this chapter is original because it avoids a unique starting point for all students. The study attempts to go over what the students have in common; this is why the authors were able to stimulate each student to be in charge of their own knowledge freely and responsibly.
Managing logistical supply chain drivers: A predictor of small township retailers’ odds of survival
Authors: Eicker Themari , Cilliers J. Orpha
Published: April 2019

Orientation: Formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses operate under challenging economic conditions that impede their ability to survive. However, the management of the logistical supply chain drivers can increase these small retailers’ odds of survival.Research purpose: To investigate whether the management of the logistical supply chain drivers can serve as a predictor of formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses’ odds of survival.Motivation for the study: Assisting formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses to integrate with local and formal supply chains, as well as increasing their odds of survival amidst the difficult economic conditions under which they operate.Research design, approach and method: A quantitative survey was conducted among 650 formal independent small Sowetan businesses, of which the responses of 556 retailers were analysed. Two binary logistic regression models were developed to determine whether the management of the logistical supply chain drivers could predict the small retailers’ odds of survival.Main findings: The results of two binary logistic regression models showed that the management of the three logistical supply chain drivers influences the odds of formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses surviving for 5 years or longer, as well as their odds of growing their annual income.Practical/managerial implications: Assisting policymakers when designing developmental initiatives for townships.Contribution/value-add: This study strives to assist formal independent small Sowetan retail businesses operating within a developing country to manage their logistical supply chain drivers to increase their odds of survival and contribute to the economic development of their country.
The religious roots of racism in the Western world: A brief historical overview
Authors: Spangenberg Izak J.J.
Published: April 2019

Racism is again a burning issue in our country. One may define racism as the conviction that not all humans are equal, but that some are ‘worthier’ than others. Usually those who are regarded as ‘unworthy humans’ are not treated on par with the rest. The ‘othering’ of humans in the Western world did not commence in the 16th, 17th, 18th or 19th centuries. It is argued that the roots of racism in the Western world date back to the 1st century CE when the early Christians severed their ties with the Jewish people and their religion, and started humiliating and denigrating them. Traces of this can be found in the New Testament in inter alia John 8:44, Revelation 2:9 and 3:9. The Jewish people and their synagogues were associated with the Devil. However, Paul also contributed to the anti-Judaism sentiments of early Christians. He argued that the gospel superseded the law. This eventually led to the conviction that Christianity superseded Judaism, and that Jews and Judaism ranked lower than Christians and Christianity. These beliefs created fertile soil for the development of racism in the Western world. The article presents a brief overview of the history of Christianity, how it developed, how it became the state religion of the Roman Empire and the dominant religion in the Western world, and how the religious convictions fed into the sociopolitical and economic policies of the Western world. The article delivers a plea for accepting the view that all religions are human constructs and that their adherents need to meet the ‘other’ on an equal footing. The Western world especially needs to look at how Christianity contributed to the way it treated other people during the course of history.
Challenges for meaningful interpersonal communication in a digital era
Authors: Venter Elza
Published: April 2019

As digital tools and social networks became the main mode of interaction for many people, interpersonal communication has changed. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has become more important than face-to-face communication in many contexts. Younger generations prefer CMC. Personal interaction normally consists of verbal and non-verbal communication. Computer-mediated communication lacks traditional non-verbal cues, which may cause misunderstandings, influencing meaningful interpersonal communication. Because of a lack of face-to-face communication, people often present an idealised version of themselves, thus becoming less inhibited involving more inappropriate self-disclosure on, for instance, social networks. The research question for this literature review was whether communicating with others mainly through digital means without adequate non-verbal cues would influence meaningful interaction between people. This study used the cues-filtered-out approach and the social presence theory with a literature review to get some clarity on the above question. The premise of the author was that because of the lack of non-verbal cues, CMC messages could influence the understanding of emotions and attitudes, thus compromising meaningful communication and personal understanding of the other. The outcome was that in today’s world people have to use CMC, but for meaningful interpersonal communication, they should try to combine it with face-to-face interaction.
Missional branding: A case study of the Church of Pentecost
Authors: White Peter
Published: April 2019

Branding is a strategy designed by companies to help patrons or consumers quickly identify their products or organisations and give them a reason to choose their products or organisations over other competitors. In the Old Testament, God identified the Israelites as a unique brand. In the New Testament, Jesus Christ branded the church with the power of the Holy Spirit, miracles, signs and wonders. Reading the Acts of the Apostles, the church developed a brand of being Spirit-filled, communal-living and mission-minded. It was out of this that early believers in Antioch were called ‘Christians’. The name ‘Christian’ therefore became a brand name for believers and followers of Jesus Christ. In view of this, one would expect that the concept of branding would be a major tool for modern-day churches. Although there are several publications on branding from the perspective of marketing and management, there is no such academic research on missional branding, hence this research. This article contributes to the interdisciplinary discourse on branding, with specific reference to the missional branding of the Church of Pentecost.
Social and economic barriers to adherence among patients at Livingstone General Hospital in Zambia
Authors: Moomba Kaala , Van Wyk Brian
Published: April 2019

Background: Zambia is one of the countries hardest hit by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic with a national HIV prevalence estimated at 14% among those aged 15–49 years in 2012. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been available in public health facilities in Zambia since 2003. By early 2016, 65% of the 1.2 million Zambians living with HIV were accessing ART. While access to ART has improved the lives of people living with HIV globally, the lack of adherence to ART is a major challenge to treatment success globally.Aim: This article reports on social and economic barriers to ART adherence among HIV patients being attended to at Livingstone General Hospital in Zambia.Setting: Livingstone General Hospital is located in the Southern province of Zambia, and had over 7000 patients enrolled for HIV care of whom 3880 patients were on ART.Methods: An explorative, qualitative study was conducted with 42 patients on ART where data were collected through six focus group discussions (3 male and 3 female groups) and seven in-depth interviews. Data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic content analysis.Results: Economic factors such as poverty and unemployment and the lack of food were reported as major barriers to adherence. Furthermore, social factors such as traditional medicine, religion, lack of family and partner support, and disclosure were also reported as critical barriers to adherence to ART.Conclusion: Interventions to improve adherence among ART patients should aim to redress the socio-economic challenges at community and individual levels.
Low back pain among primary school teachers in Rural Kenya: Prevalence and contributing factors
Authors: Elias Hussein E. , Downing Raymond , Mwangi Ann
Published: April 2019

Background: Low back pain (LBP) has been recognised as a common occupational problem with a high prevalence among work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Although there appears to be a high prevalence of LBP among school teachers, there is inadequate information on the prevalence and predisposing factors of LBP among primary school teachers in rural Western Kenya.Aim: To determine the prevalence, factors associated with LBP and physical disability caused by LBP.Setting: The setting was public schools in rural Western Kenya selected by simple random sampling method.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among primary teachers from public schools using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included information on LBP, demographic data, occupational and psychosocial factors and disability score. The 12-month prevalence, associated factors and LBP disability were analysed.Results: The 12-month self-reported prevalence of LBP among primary teachers was 64.98%, with close to 70% of them reporting minimal disability. The logistic regression analysis showed that female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.692, p < 0.02) was associated with LBP and high supervisor support (OR: 0.46, p < 0.003) was negatively associated with LBP.Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among primary school teachers in rural Western Kenya is 64.98%, with the majority of them reporting minimal disability. The identified risk factors were female gender and low supervisor support. The presence of work-related psychosocial risk factors in this study suggests a comprehensive approach in evaluation and management of LBP. Preventive measures should be in place to prevent and reduce the progression of LBP disability.
Drug utilization evaluation of anticancer drugs in a charitable hospital
Authors: Mathew Maneesha , Mateti Uday Venkat , Saj Neethu , Philip Malona Lilly , Shetty Vijith
Published: April 2019

Background: Evaluating the prescribing patterns of anticancer and supportive care drugs is necessary for ensuring effectiveness and patient's quality of life. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the prescribing patterns in patients receiving chemotherapy. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Medical Oncology at Justice K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital. Methods: The study was conducted for 8 months from September 2017 to April 2018. Cancer patients who were above 18 years and are on chemotherapy along with supportive care medications were enrolled. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Continuous data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and the nominal data were expressed as frequency and percentages. Results: Among 230 patients, majority of patients were in the age group of 45–60 years (47%), females (51.7%), Stage III (51.3%), solid tumor (85.5%), breast cancer (21.7%), doublet regimen (60.4%), who received doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (36%) in breast cancer while paclitaxel and carboplatin (16.52%) were mostly prescribed among the different cancer types. The most commonly prescribed supportive care medications were dexamethasone (100%), ranitidine (100%), filgrastim (67.4%), tramadol and paracetamol (23.91%), and levofloxacin (9.56%). The percentage of drugs prescribed from the National List Essential Medicine and the World Health Organization (WHO) model list was 80.84% and 78.92%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the WHO core prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per prescription was 9.63. Majority of the cancer patients were prescribed with paclitaxel and carboplatin (16.52%); dexamethasone and ranitidine (100%) were coadministered in all patients during their chemotherapy cycles.
Comparison of cervical cancer screening by visual inspection with acetic acid versus cervical-cytology in pregnancy
Authors: Shamsunder Saritha , Pannu Deepika , Khanna Geetika , Banerjee Ananya , Zutshi Vijay , Malik Sunita
Published: April 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) with cervical cytology for cervical cancer screening in pregnant women. Settings and Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted after institutional ethical committee approval in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Pregnant women of gestational age <28 weeks were randomly recruited from the antenatal clinic. Subjects and Methods: All eligible women had a Pap smear followed by VIA; colposcopy was performed if either test was positive. Swede score was used for grading of the acetowhite lesion; biopsy was planned if Swede score was ≥8. Statistical Analysis Used: The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for both screening methods were compared with colposcopy as the reference standard. Results: There were 370 low-risk pregnant women in the age group of 20–36 years in the study with a mean parity was 2.1, and the median period of gestation of 14.6 weeks. Abnormal Pap cytology was seen in 5.9% (n = 22) of patients; the abnormalities were ASCUS in 13 (59%), LSIL in 4 (18.2%), and AGC-NOS in 5 (22.7%) patients. VIA positivity was found in 8.4% (n = 31). The positive predictive value was 31.8% for cervical cytology and 48.4% for VIA (P = 0.001). No invasive lesion was detected. Positive predictive value of VIA was significantly higher than Pap cytology for detection of abnormal lesions. Conclusions: VIA is a cost-effective method with better predictive value than Pap smear for cervical cancer screening in pregnant women.