bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scoping review: relationship between glucose tolerance and pulmonary decline in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tomoda Raina , Jane Holmes-Walker Deborah
Published: October 2024

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) causes deterioration of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, thereby increasing mortality. Lung function decline occurs at glycemic levels below current CFRD diagnostic thresholds. CFRD may be better defined by examining the relationship between lung function decline and elevated glucose levels in individuals without diabetes. This scoping review examines the existing literature on the relationship between oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) values, and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (%FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) to determine whether alternative glucose levels would be more appropriate for defining CFRD based on lung function decline. Electronic database searches were performed on Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in June 2023. Studies that assessed glucose levels from glucose tolerance test (GTT) and/or CGM and their relationship to %FEV1 and FVC were included. A total of 10 studies were included. For OGTT, three studies found that one-hour OGTT plasma glucose levels > 11.0 mmol/L were inversely associated with %FEV1. Two studies found that peak GTT levels were inversely associated with %FEV1. For CGM, four studies found inverse associations between %FEV1 and percent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) and the number of glucose measurements ≥ 11.0 mmol/L, the percentage of time spent with glucose > 7.8 mmol/L, or the area under the curve > 7.8 mmol/L. Intermediate OGTT values and CGM metrics are associated with lung function decline in CF without diabetes. Correlations between CGM and OGTT values need to be established. Prospective studies are required to determine whether treating elevated intermediate OGTT values can prevent lung function decline before revising CFRD diagnostic criteria.
Development of rice lines by pyramiding of major blast resistance genes
Authors: Mynbayeva Dana , Amirova Aigul , Usenbekov Bakdaulet , Dubina Elena , Zhunusbayeva Zhazira , Zeinalov Zeinal , Berkimbay Khorlan
Published: October 2024

Rice blast is the most harmful disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, leading to yield loss. The aim of the work is to improve resistance of rice to blast by introducing and pyramiding genes using conventional breeding technique and modern MAS analysis. Pyramiding is the combination of several resistance genes in one genotype, in this case it improves the resistance of rice to pathogens. MAS analysis revealed that 3 out of 4 studied domestic high-yielding rice cultivars (Bakanasski, Aisaule and Aru) contain 1 blast resistance gene (Pi-2). It was discovered 7 pyramidal lines with the introduction of a combination of 2 blast resistance genes (Pi-1 and Pi-ta) into 6 hybrids and 3 genes (Pi-1, Pi-33 and Pi-ta) into 1 line. Phytopathological test of local cultivars and pyramidal lines of rice showed that 3 out of 7 pyramidal lines have moderate resistance: 2 lines (F2 Bakanasski/7667 (var. vulgaris Koern.) and F2 Aisaule/7664 (var. italica Alef.)), containing 2 resistance genes (Pi-1 and Pi-ta) and 1 line – F2 Aisaule/7689 (var. zeravschanica Brsch.), carrying 3 genes (Pi-1, Pi-33 and Pi-ta), while the local cultivars Bakanasski, Aisaule and Aru are susceptible. As a result, the blast resistance of rice was improved by creating pyramidal lines. Pyramided lines can be used for germplasm exchange and in rice breeding programs to improve blast resistance in rice.
A Qualitative Study on The Reduction of Dwell Time Exceeding 200 Days
Authors: Rahman Abdul
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study investigates why dwell times, defined as the period between the emergence and detection of a cybersecurity threat, exceed 200 days. By uncovering these insights, U.S. InfoSec professionals can develop strategies to shorten dwell times and mitigate the costs associated with security breaches. The overarching issue is the escalating costs of U.S. cybersecurity breaches, which surged by 10% annually, surpassing $9.48 million per breach in 2023. The duration of dwell time, notably exceeding 200 days, is identified as a critical factor contributing to these costs yet remains poorly understood. This study employed a generic qualitative inquiry (GQI) methodology to explore perceptions surrounding dwell time and its impact on an organization's cybersecurity posture, making it pertinent to understanding and addressing cybersecurity breach dwell time. Through interviews with ten seasoned U.S. InfoSec professionals, this study sheds light on their perspectives regarding the duration between threat deployment and detection. The findings highlighted the importance of proactive measures and timely detection in mitigating cybersecurity risks and enhancing organizational resilience against malicious cyber-attacks.
Creation of 'Medicine for the Earth'; 'SOMRE' and 'VED' for Eliminating Hunger and Restoring a Green Planet, Earth, and Their Global Expansion
Authors: Somei Masanori , Somei Hiizu , Somei Kazuko
Published: October 2024

This review introduces the development and applications of novel plant growth promotor ‘SOMRE’ and animal growth promoter ‘VED’ to increase food production, stop world hunger, greening deserts, stop global warming, and restore the green ‘Earth’. A concrete method to use ‘SOMRE’ and ‘VED’ as ‘the earth medicine’ is proposed. Part 1 describes ‘SOMRE’ helping the growth of vegetables, grains, flowers, herbs, endangered and native plants in the Gobi Desert. It increased plant-based food and achieved greening a part of the Gobi Desert. Part 2 explains ‘VED’, increasing the production of cashmere wool in goats, dramatically improving their reproductivity and their meat production. In humans, it demonstrated to eliminate the itchiness, skin spots, and acne scars, improved wound healing and ED, etc. It has the potential to be used as a treatment for dementia and osteoporosis. Part 3 is the experimental part. Following the described procedures, readers can get hold of ‘SOMRE’, ‘VED’ and related compounds which are a treasure trove of pharmacologically active substances and new ideas.
A Roadmap for the Certification of Polyurethane Flexible Connectors Used as Envelope Products in the Next Generation of Healthy, Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings
Authors: Nowak-Michta Aneta , Kwiecień Arkadiusz , Michta Jagoda
Published: October 2024

Currently, in Europe, producers of building materials are implementing innovative solutions that provide a chance for the widespread construction of zero-emission and zero-energy build-ings. However, they encounter legal barriers related to the lack of standardization procedures enabling the rapid placing of innovative construction products on the market. The European project Horizon 2020: Measuring Envelope products and systems contributing to the next gener-ation of healthy nearly Zero Energy Buildings (MEZeroE), is to support producers of innovative envelope products used in zero-energy buildings, including in the field of certification, CE marking and placing them relatively quickly on the market.
The article presents one of the research procedures developed and tested by Pilot Measurement & Verification Lines (PM&VL7) as part of the MEZeroE project for FLEX&ROBUST polyurethane flexible connectors. This procedure takes into account applicable legal requirements regarding CE marking and also indicates a certification path for this type of products.
Investigating the Molecular Basis of Antiviral Resistance in the Perspective of Influenza A Virus
Authors: Gella Balchil Anagaw , Birhanu Alemayehu Godana
Published: October 2024

Evolving or "re-emerging" viral deviation remains to pretense substantial worldwide public health threats. Influenza A virus (IAV), the main contributor to respiratory infections and related death in humans, is a prime example. Universally well-known as ‘flu’, it has disturbed our daily breathing, leaving a breakthrough till now. This virus can transmit from animals to humans and familiarize human hosts, resulting in ongoing transmission and the rise of novel viral strains. The processes through which viruses evolve within one host, cause animal-to-human transmission, and acclimatize to different host species are not yet fully understood. This review scans influenza antiviral resistance, highlighting the fundamental concepts behind its development and clinical impact. Influenza A represents a significant burden on healthcare systems and communities. While antiviral drugs are crucial for managing influenza effectively, healthcare providers and policymakers may need to be cautious due to the potential for antiviral-resistant strains to develop. Adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors targeting the viral components of the M2 ion channel and NA have been approved to treat IAV. However, the ongoing dissemination of drug-resistant virus variants due to mutation of these viral components poses a challenge and could undermine the effectiveness of primary antiviral therapies. Therefore, this review provides the susceptibility status of IAV subtypes to currently available antiviral drugs, factors to anti-IAV resistance, and soon-to-be-available control measures to emerging drug resistance IAV.
Data Privacy Challenges in Health Informatics: A Comparative Study of Database Management Systems
Authors: Okunola Abiodun
Published: October 2024

Data privacy is a critical concern in health informatics, where the management of sensitive patient information requires robust and secure database systems. This study aims to explore the data privacy challenges faced in health informatics and conduct a comparative analysis of popular Database Management Systems (DBMS), including MySQL, MongoDB, PostgreSQL, and Oracle, with a focus on their effectiveness in safeguarding patient data. Through a review of existing literature, case studies, and interviews with database administrators, the research identifies common privacy threats such as data breaches and unauthorized access. It examines the security features of each DBMS, such as encryption methods, access controls, and user authentication mechanisms. The findings reveal variations in the privacy protection capabilities of different DBMS, highlighting the trade-offs between security, performance, and usability. The study provides recommendations for healthcare organizations in selecting a DBMS that balances privacy with operational needs and offers insights for policymakers to improve regulatory frameworks in health data security. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on enhancing data privacy in health informatics and suggests directions for future studies to integrate emerging technologies for more secure health data management.
Global Helium Industry Chain Analysis and Implications for China
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Tang Jinrong , Niu Yazhuo , Zhou Junlin , Li Yuhong , Wei Jianshe
Published: October 2024

Helium is a strategic rare gas resource related to national security and the development of high-tech industries, the high-quality development of helium industry chains has a great significance to improve the security of helium resource. This paper through literature and market research, summarizes the progress of helium resource endowmen, exploration and development, supply and demand pattern, trade market and industrial technology, equipment through literature and market research in the world, analyses the development situation of global helium resources industry chains. This study proposes the development status and challenges of China's helium industry and the corresponding development path of helium industry based on the upstream, midstream, downstream and downstream indicators. Most of the countries in the world have not started helium exploration or remain in low exploration level, but the exploration practice shows that global helium resource potential is considerable; helium exploration and development subjects become diversified in recent years, which may change the global helium supply and demand pattern; The helium reservoir forming theory and exploration and development technology are underdeveloped, and the helium extraction equipment is continuously improved; The global helium production capacity, supply and demand，trade pattern market would be profoundly changing. For a long time, the United States has had an absolute say in the global helium trade system, the contradiction between supply and demand would persist for a long time and significant price fluctuations. China's helium development challenges and opportunities coexist considering the global helium industry chain existing pattern and the new trend of development. There is an urgent need to build an independent and controllable , stable and resilient helium industrial chain, and provide helium resources guarantee for the development of high-tech industries.
Explainable AI in Healthcare: Interpreting Machine Learning’s Dementia Classification On Imbalanced Multi-Domain Clinical Data
Authors: Ngo Tuan Anh
Published: October 2024

Dementia is a group of detrimental diseases and conditions that damage the human brain and impair mental functioning. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to develop robust computer-aided diagnostic tools, particularly AI models for detection. However, their clinical implementation remains limited. One issue identified is that despite achieving high accuracy, AI-powered predictions have relied on single features or small sets of features in limited categories, hindering their robustness and generalizability. Moreover, the accuracy alone has not been sufficient to convince medical practitioners to adopt these tools, as they require transparent and scientifically grounded diagnostic processes. This study aims to improve the transparency and reliability of AI models in predicting dementia through three key steps: 1) compare a Machine Learning (ML) model's accuracy in detecting dementia when trained on a multi-domain dataset to when trained on subsets of features, 2) evaluate additional ML models for dementia detection using the multi-domain dataset, and 3) apply Explainable AI (XAI) to elucidate the importance of specific features in ML-based predictions, thereby enhancing transparency and interpretability. We hypothesize that utilizing multi-domain data will enhance the performance of ML models. Furthermore, XAI will demonstrate that features with high influence on the model's decisions are aligned with established indicators of dementia. This study contributes to the field by constructing lightweight predictive models that deliver highly accurate performance while enhancing transparency and interpretability, advancing toward clinically applicable AI-powered diagnosis.
Impact of Virtual Reality on Memory in People with Williams Syndrome
Authors: Hsu Chingfen , Jiang Qian , Rao Shi-yu
Published: October 2024

Purpose: People with Williams syndrome (WS, n = 20, CA = 12.5, MA = 8.9) have strong verbal short-term memory but challenged verbal long-term memory. This study aimed to evaluate the memory abilities of people with WS and examine the possibility of improving their memory performance.
Methods: Twelve navigations completed the study. Fourteen indexes were used for each navigation. Controls matched in chronological age (CA, n = 20, mean age = 12.5), mental age (MA, n = 20, mean age = 8.8), 5th graders (n = 20, mean age = 10.3), and college students (CS, n = 20, mean age = 20.2) were recruited.
Results: The WS group was slowest and erred more in completing tasks than the CA and MA groups. The error patterns revealed group differences in the number of extra items purchased and missed correct items. The 5th graders erred more than the CS on extra items purchased; the CA group erred more than the CS and the 5th graders on missed correct items. The WS group erred more than the CA and MA groups for incorrect items purchased, extra items purchased, missed correct items, and incorrect types purchased. The error patterns yielded replacements and confusion. Semantic features attributed to atypical processing during navigation have emerged in people with WS.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that people with WS have developmental disorders in verbal long-term memory. The current study serves as a foundation for future interventions in people with WS.
Modern Contraceptive Use: An Analysis of The Factors Influencing Its Adoption Among Women of Reproductive Age in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo Abduljaleel , Abdulganiyu Abdulazeez Opeyemi , Abdullateef Ibrahim Bidemi , Isiaka Saheed Dipo
Published: October 2024

Objectives: In Nigeria, modern contraceptive use remains relatively low despite numerous efforts to increase awareness and accessibility. This study examined the geopolitical factors influencing modern contraceptive use in North-central Nigeria Design: Using data from the 2021 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, this study quantitatively investigated the factors influencing modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age. The data were analyzed using R studio. Respondents' characteristics were described using frequency and percentage. A logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with modern contraceptive usage in the north-central region of Nigeria. Bivariate logistic regression was carried out between the explanatory and response variables. Settings: This study focused specifically on the north-central zone of Nigeria comprising 6 states, namely, Benue, Kogi, Kwara, Nasarawa, Niger, and Plateau states with the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Results: Nearly one-third (30.1%) of the respondents are above 35 years of age. 3 out of every 5 (61.2%) respondents are currently married. This study found that the average modern contraceptive usage among women of reproductive age in north Central Nigeria is less than 15%. Age, education, childbirth delivery method, number of children, access to media, and state of residence are key drivers of modern contraceptive adoption and utilization among women of reproductive age in north-central Nigeria. Conclusion: This study finds it plausible to increase the awareness and sensitization of modern contraceptives and contraceptive usage in this region. There is a need for health education on the benefits and relevance of modern contraceptive usage.
Penetration of Non-Adhesive Gel-Like Embolic Materials During Dural Vessels Embolization According to Characteristics of Tantalum Powder
Authors: Petrov Andrey , Ivanov Arkady Aleksandrovich , Ermakov Sergei , Kolomin Egor , Petrova Anna , Belokon Oleg , Samochernykh Konstantin , Rozhchenko Larisa
Published: October 2024

Tantalum powder is included into the composition of Non-Adhesive Gel-like Embolic Materials (NAGLEMs) for X-ray opacity. The duration of X–ray opacity during embolization is primarily associated with the particle size, which differs in the most used NAGLEMs - ONYX (Medtronic) and SQUID (Balt). NAGLEMs are widely used for embolization of branches of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) in patients with chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH). Considering the size (5-15 microns) of the target dural vessels, we assumed that not only the viscosity of NAGLEMs, but also the size and shape of tantalum granules may be important for the penetration of these gel-like embolic agents and determine their behavior. We obtained a significant difference – the sample SQUID 18 contains medium-sized granules, which are ten times smaller than the tantalum granules in the sample ONYX 18- 0.443± 0.086 (M ± SD) vs 5.2± 0.33 (M ± SD). Tantalum granules in SQUID 18 have a regular spherical shape, in ONYX 18 they have an irregular angular shape. When comparing the behavior of gel-like embolic agents of the same viscosity during MMA embolization in patients with CSDH (an average age of 62.2 ± 14.3 years), in the group, where SQUID 18 (n=8) was used, the gel-like embolic agent in dural vessels demonstrated significantly greater penetration ability compared with the group where ONYX 18 (n=8) was used. Accordingly, not only the viscosity of NAGLEMs, but also the size and shape of tantalum granules can have a significant effect on the penetration ability of gel compositions.
The Evolution of Zoological Classification: From Linnaean Taxonomy to an Ecological and Interactive Framework
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: October 2024

Since Carl Linnaeus introduced the binomial nomenclature system in the 18th century, zoological classification has experienced significant transformations. While Linnaeus’ taxonomy provided a foundational structure based on morphological traits, advancements in evolutionary theory, genetics, and molecular biology have revolutionized the way organisms are classified. This article traces the evolution of classification methods, from Linnaeus’ hierarchy to Darwin’s theory of evolution, and highlights modern phylogenetic techniques based on genetic data. However, the discussion also introduces the need for a reformulation of zoological classification to incorporate species interactions and ecological relationships, as proposed by Johann Friedrich Humboldt over 50 years before Darwin. Humboldt’s holistic view of nature, where species interact and co-evolve within ecosystems, offers valuable insights for understanding evolution as a collective process, shaping life on Earth as a unified organism. Embracing this perspective will help the next generation of scientists approach biodiversity and conservation with a deeper appreciation of species interdependence.
Influence of the Tempering Cooling Rate on the Temper Embrittlement (TE) of a Low Alloyed Martensitic Mn-Cr-Ni Steel
Authors: Bilbao Olatz , Girot Franck , Muñoz Jone , Torregaray Amaia
Published: October 2024

Low alloyed martensitic resistant steels could become a solution for material saving and components lightweighting in the industrial activity due to the combination of high strength and good weldability and toughness characteristics. However, it is known that martensitic resistant steels are susceptible to temper embrittlement (TE), which can cause undesirable brittle fracture during service of components. In this investigation the influence of the cooling rate after a high temperature tempering (650 ºC) on TE of a low alloyed martensitic Mn-Cr-Ni steel was studied. Charpy impact tests and metallurgical analysis using emission Scanning Electron and Transmission Electron Microscopy were carried out on specimens cooled in different cooling media after the tempering to stablish a relation between the microstructures and the TE. Obtained results shown a considerable influence of the tempering-carbides location at grain boundaries at low post-tempering cooling rates on the TE of the selected steel.
China’s Financial Market Infrastructures: An Updated Analysis
Authors: liu kerry
Published: October 2024

Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) are crucial for the efficient operation of financial markets. However, studies focusing on Chinese FMIs are limited. Following the release of a draft regulation on Chinese FMIs in December 2022, this study, building on Zhang and Yin (2023), provides an updated analysis. It introduces non-central bank affiliated FMIs with the latest data, explores the evolution of regulatory reforms, and examines the newly-released regulations. In particular, it offers a critical review of specific regulations and their implications for China's recent policy shift towards prioritizing security and establishing financial dominance. Finally, the study outlines a research agenda for future investigations.
From Neural Cords to Complex Brains: The Evolution of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System and Human Cognition
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: October 2024

Abstract The evolution of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) represents one of the most remarkable examples of biological complexity emergence. This review traces the developmental trajectory of the CNS from early chordates to modern humans, highlighting key evolutionary innovations. The primitive nerve cord of early chordates evolved into increasingly specialized structures, with major transitions including the development of the tripartite brain, the emergence of the telencephalon, and the progressive elaboration of the cerebral cortex. Critical evolutionary adaptations included the development of neural crest cells, the regionalization of brain structures, and the remarkable expansion of associative areas. The mammalian radiation brought significant advances in brain organization, particularly in the neocortex. The primate lineage witnessed further elaboration of cortical areas, culminating in the human brain's unique features: expanded prefrontal cortex, enhanced connectivity, and sophisticated neural networks supporting advanced cognitive capabilities. This evolutionary journey illuminates how incremental changes in neural organization laid the foundation for human consciousness and cognitive complexity. Keywords: Cephalization • Neurulation • Brain regionalization • Encephalization • Cortical development • Bilateral symmetry • Neuroplasticity • Cognitive evolution • Social brain • Human consciousness
La falta de agencia como determinante de la pobreza en México
Authors: Herrera Rendón Nebel María Teresa , Díaz Carreño Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2024

Rescatando una dimensión muy importante del enfoque de capacidades, la libertad de agencia, en el presente trabajo se demuestra esta última variable es una de las determinantes de la pobreza en México. Para ello se ha considerado como proxy de la libertad de agencia a la responsabilidad en sus tres dimensiones (responsabilidad posterior, responsabilidad anterior y responsabilidad autrui) y se han revisado los datos de la encuesta de hogares de 2014. Los resultados muestran una significativa carencia en responsabilidad autrui en el contexto social donde se desenvuelven las personas en todas las entidades de la República Mexicana. Ello permite concluir que la libertad de agencia impide el mejoramiento de indicadores sociales, tales como la pobreza.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 19.10.2024 г. по 25.10.2024 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: October 2024

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 19.10.2024 г. по 25.10.2024 г.
Increasing interest in learning through the traditional paper crack game in primary school students
Authors: Kumala Farida Nur , Aisah Nur , Nita Cicilia Ika Rahayu
Published: October 2024

This research aims to increase students' interest in learning through the application of the traditional Ektas game media. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research (PTK). The subjects of this research were 27 students consisting of 13 male students and 14 female students. The data collection techniques used were observation techniques, interest questionnaires, field notes and documentation. Data analysis in this research is descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. Based on the research results, the percentage of students' interest in learning increased rapidly from the results of observation measurements in cycle I of 71.92%, increasing in cycle II to 90.37%. This was also followed by an increase in the results of the questionnaire measuring interest in learning from 71.48% in cycle II to 90.40%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the traditional Ektas game media can increase students' interest in learning.
Technology mediated bilingual participatory culture framework for delivery of education for students: in disrupted or war zones
Authors: Randle Oluwarotimi
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to provides a perspective and framework for the utilization of technology mediated education as a tool for providing education to individuals whose education have been disrupted by civil war and unrest as a platform for participatory culture education through bilingualism. The study utilized an inductive content analysis through transformative paradigm to elicit critical points which would constitute as components of this conceptual article. The systematic review of literature was adopted through databases such as Google Scholar and ProQuest, this led to the development of categories and subcategories which were organized and identified through the utilization of thematic methods. The utilization of participatory culture through bilingualism will promote inclusive education and promote the acceptance of various forms of learning and various languages. A technology mediated bilingual participation culture policy will help students and learners in war affected zones.
An indigenized framework for game design curriculum for African Universities
Authors: Randle Oluwarotimi
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper is to reposition game design studies curriculum in Africa by modelling the African Ubuntu philosophy. This study utilized an inductive content analysis via transformative paradigm to identify relevant tenants that contribute to this conceptual paper. Furthermore, thematic approach was utilized to organize the are identified points int categories and subcategories. The utilization and introduction of the African ubuntu philosophy to game design curriculum follows 9 vital stages will be actualized. Researchers are motivated to conduct empirical and qualitative experiments on the African ubuntu philosophy for indigenized game curriculum. Utilizing indigenization as the game design curriculum will increase enrolment, programs easily accessible and help African content become global, as well as help African economies to grow. An indigenized policy will help many local talents and grow the south African economy.
Forming the mental and disciplinary character of students through extracurricular scouting activities at school
Authors: Hanif Ilyas Saiful , Yunitasari Dwi
Published: October 2024

Scout extracurricular is a non-formal extracurricular activity that becomes a place for mental formation and fosters students' disciplinary character. Elementary school is the initial place to foster children's character. This study aims to describe various kinds of implementation, efforts, impacts, and problems of Scout's extracurricular activities in forming elementary school students' mental and disciplinary character. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research, which looks at phenomena that occur in the school field and interviews with related subjects. The results of this study show that Scout extracurricular is a mandatory extracurricular with various forms of fun and educational activities for children. Education in Scouting activities has a positive effect on improving student discipline and mentality. However, issues still need to be solved so that Scouting activities can provide maximum education to students.
Activity of speaking skills of grade V students with the help of a paired storytelling model on the theme of the environment of SDN Tegalasri 4
Authors: Oktaviarini Nourma , Astutik Leny Suryaning
Published: October 2024

The research aims to analyze and describe the implementation of the learning process of speaking skills by using paired storytelling learning model for fifth grade students of SDN Tegalasri 4. The research method used in this research is qualitative research. The subjects in this study were fifth grade students of SDN Tegalasri 4. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the learning implementation research using the paired storytelling learning model obtained a scoreÂ  84% "very good". The results of the observation of students' speaking skills using the paired storytelling learning model obtained a scoreÂ  71% "good". The conclusion of this research is that learning speaking skills using paired storytelling can motivate to learn better in improving students' speaking skills in class V SDN Tegalasri 4.
Reading comprehension in elementary levels: a Systematic literature review
Authors: Triana Putri Meinita , Pradana Agrissto Bintang Aji , Wardana Aditia Eska
Published: October 2024

Reading comprehension is currently crucial to children's knowledge acquisition. As a result, several study have been conducted to improve their reading comprehension skills. Furthermore, the purpose of this research is to investigate how it is enhanced in primary schools and ditermine current trends in the field. This is a systematic literature review that employed ERIC, PubMed, and Science Direct as databases. It gathered articles published in 2023. Article filtration method employed PRISMA stages. Out of 162 articles retrieved, 9 articles were considered relevant. The results stated that instructors use a variety of approaches, strategies, and school programs to increase students' reading comprehension. Strategies and media still remains dominant in this field and they preferably integrate technology into the teachig and learning process.
Development of website-based learning media on the material of kingdoms in Indonesia and regional heroes phase B
Authors: Ilmiawan Tri Agusta , Priyanto Wawan , Fajriyah Khusnul
Published: October 2024

The development and advancement of technology has many positive and negative impacts and changes in various fields, especially in the field of education in Indonesia. This also raises new challenges from the many challenges that already exist. in the era of globalization now the spread of information is very fast, one of which is through internet websites, this must be utilized properly and maximally for the world of education, with many benefits expected to make it easier for students to receive information to add insight and enrichment of material, thus the media used for students to learn must also develop creatively and innovatively. The purpose of this research is to develop website-based learning media in phase B IPAS subjects.
Webtoon based e-comic the material of my dear earth my poor earth the content of IPAS grade V elementary school
Authors: Nurjanah Amelia , Yasa Arnelia Dwi , Triwahyudianto Triwahyudianto
Published: October 2024

The development of science and technology is challenge for educators to continue create new innovations in learning process. The purpose of this research is develop and produce Webtoon based E-Comic that is feasible medium for learning IPAS on the material my dear earth my poor earth grade V elementary school. The research model in this study uses the 4D, namely: Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate. The subjects in this study were material experts, linguists, media experts, teachers and students. The results feasibility analysis based on experts obtained 91% in very good category, the practicality analysis obtained 89% in very practical category, and the effectiveness analysis obtained an average of 95% in very effective category. Based on the results, the Webtoon based E-Comic learning media on the material my dear earth my poor earth IPAS content that has been developed using the 4D model is very feasible to use.
Aplicación del método didáctico estudio de casos y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de un Instituto Privado de Educación Superior de Lima, Perú 2022
Authors:   , Trujillano Rojas Roberto Carlos
Published: October 2024

Motivar a los estudiantes en la educación superior es un gran desafío. Utilizar métodos como el estudio de caso deberían permitir conectar teoría y práctica en aula, influyendo en el aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico. La finalidad de la investigación fue determinar si la aplicación del método didáctico estudio de caso impacta en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de un Instituto Privado de Lima. La metodología siguió un enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño cuasiexperimental, que incluyó observación, aplicación de casos y encuestas en el grupo experimental para verificar si el estudio de caso impacta en el rendimiento académico, ello en una muestra final de 25 estudiantes del primer ciclo. Usando la Prueba t de Student y U mann de Whitney en las notas de entrada y salida, los valores obtenidos revelan una significancia bilateral superior a 0.05, lo que implica que no hay diferencias significativas entre los grupos por el método de estudio de caso. Se concluyó que la aplicación del método estudio de caso no impacta en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del curso de Gestión de Sistema de Transporte de la carrera de Administración Logística de un Instituto Privado de Educación Superior. Se recomienda a otros investigadores que continúen explorando el tema y avancen en la teoría para alcanzar mejoras en la enseñanza superior. Se sugiere investigar distintos modelos y aplicaciones del estudio de caso en centros educativos para comprender sus efectos en el rendimiento académico y en otras variables relacionadas, a nivel nacional e internacional.
Type-I Interferon drives T-cell responses to Amyloid-beta in the central nervous system
Authors: Bunse Lukas , Michel Julius , Sanghvi Khwab , Rosenbauer Jakob , Humbs Lea , Grudzenski-Theis Saskia , Sachs Viktoria , Jähne Kristine , Degenhardt Karoline , Frölich Lutz , Herms Jochen , Fatar Marc , Platten Michael
Published: October 2024

Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition in the central nervous system (CNS) is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), triggering an innate immune response. However, the role of the adaptive immune system is less clear. We investigated immune microenvironment dynamics in APP23 transgenic (APP23-tg) mice modelling CNS amyloid pathology, using single-cell transcriptomics. A significant increase in T-cell populations, particularly CD8+ T-cells, was observed in late stages, clustering around Aβ plaques, indicating a targeted response. A novel Aβ plaque-associated subset of CD8+ T-cells expressing interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), was found to drive Type-I interferon responses. This subset also produced CXCL10, which mediated non-ISG T-cell trafficking via the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis. Importantly, we corroborated our observations by identifying similar Type-I interferon responses near plaques in human CNS amyloid pathology. These findings highlight a shift from microglia-driven to T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation as amyloid pathology progresses, with implications for time-resolved therapy development.
The dark side of the biological carbon pump: iron availability modulates bacteria growth in the mesopelagic ocean
Authors: Mellett Travis , Monreal Patrick , Kunde Korinna , Manck Lauren , Cain Kelsy , Ribalet François , Church Matthew , Armbrust E. Virginia , Bundy Randelle
Published: October 2024

The biological carbon pump is a process that transfers carbon fixed from phytoplankton biomass from the surface ocean to the deep ocean and plays an important role in global carbon cycling. The efficiency of this pump depends on the surplus organic carbon produced in photosynthesis relative to that consumed by respiration in the upper ocean. Iron (Fe) is a key micronutrient controlling primary production in large areas of the surface ocean, but its impacts on the growth of heterotrophic bacteria consuming organic carbon below the photic zone has been less studied. Here we present results from field experiments showing the strong coupling between Fe and organic carbon availability, influencing the growth of these bacteria in the mesopelagic ocean. The addition of Fe together with glucose yielded significantly higher bacterial biomass (1.4–60 fold), growth rates (1.2–6 fold), and total carbon consumption compared to glucose alone. When carbon was abundant but Fe was limited, bacteria invested cellular resources in Fe acquisition through the production of siderophores, resulting in lower growth efficiencies. Our estimates of mesopelagic bacteria Fe requirements show significantly higher quotas than those previously observed in surface waters, and its plasticity in the presence of new carbon may provide a mechanism for understanding the microbial response to carbon export in the mesopelagic ocean.
Multi-degree-of-freedom electrohydraulic origami actuator for highly dynamic shape morphing and robot locomotion
Authors: Li Wenbo , Zhang Yuanzhen , Li GuoRui , Li Hai , Tao Kai , Zhang Wenming , Xu Jian
Published: October 2024

Active origami enabled by soft actuation has demonstrated excellent shape morphing and reconfiguration capability and unleashed great potential in many fields. However, available active origami structures or actuators usually have limited strain and speed, provide few active degrees of freedom or flexibility. Here, we report a multi-degree-of-freedom electrohydraulic origami (EHO) actuator with lightweight, high dynamic performance, flexibility and multi-functionality. We have achieved ultra large actuation strain (3300%) and strain rate (over 23500 % s-1) for the actuators, and constructed various types of active deployable structures with programmable and rapid shape morphing controlled by the extension, rotation, translation folding or actuation modes of the actuator units. We also demonstrate three origami robots with high-speed bidirectional sliding, multi-directional jumping and crawling respectively based on the reconfiguration and shape morphing of the active origami structures. This study may accelerate the development and application of active origami towards high-speed and agile robotics.
Esketamine Prevent Carboprost-Induced Adverse Reactions During Cesarean Section Under Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: a double-blind, randomized trial
Authors: Zhou Feng , Ma Qingling , Meng Fanqing , Bao Han , Liu Wei , Zhang Guangfen , Tian Yue
Published: October 2024

Objectives
To investigate reduce adverse reactions to carboprost of intravenous esketamine administered after childbirth via cesarean delivery with the patient under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.
Methods
The study involved women within the age bracket of 20 and 40 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class II or III, and a gestational age of 37 weeks or more. These women had a scheduled cesarean section procedure with the administration of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Patients were randomized to receive esketamine 0.5 mg/kg (Group E) or volume-matched normal saline (Group C) after delivery of the fetus, before carboprost administered. The primary outcome was the incidence of vomiting during surgery. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of adverse reactions (vomiting, nausea, chest rigidity, flushed face, tachycardia, cough, shivering), vital signs (HR, RR, MAP, SPO2) and blood gas analysis of intraoperative, as well as VAS score for postoperative pain.
Results
Eighty-one pregnancy women completed the study. The incidence of vomiting (22.5% versus 56.1%, p < 0.001) and the incidence of nausea, chest rigidity, flushed face, and hypertension were significantly lower in group E than in group C (all p < 0.01), but the incidence of tachycardia was higher in group E (45% vs 19.5%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients’ arterial partial pressure of oxygen was significantly higher in group E than in group C (91.90 ± 5.14 vs. 79.76 ± 3.96, p < 0.001). Significant reduction in VAS-incision pain scores 6 hours after surgery in group E, but no significant difference was found at the VAS-uterine pain scores.
Conclusion
For women undergoing cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, intravenous esketamine after delivery of the fetus, before carboprost administered not only reduced the incidence of adverse reactions caused by carboprost, but also relieve postoperative uterine contractions pain.
Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number# ChiCTR2100054985); Date of Registration: 30/12/2021
Tailoring sub-nanochannels and ion-imprinted functionality of palygorskite nanofiltration membranes for desalination and lithium-ion transport
Authors: Wang Baodui , liping zhen , Meng Genping , Zhao Xisheng , Guo Wenting , Sun Dina , Chen Yonghui , Wei Shuai , Hu Guowen , Wang Aiqin
Published: October 2024

Nanofiltration membranes featuring sub-1-nm channels have demonstrated considerable potential for desalination and ion separation. However, the construction of both high selectivity and permeance membranes with tailorable one-dimensional (1D) sub-1-nm channels using a versatile and eco-friendly protocol remains a formidable challenge. Here, high selectivity PAL-CMC hybrid (PCH) nanofiltration membranes were successfully prepared based on the coordination-driven self-assembly between natural Palygorskite (PAL) nanorods and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in water. We first discovered the ion-imprinting adsorption feature of Mg2+ on PAL. By adjusting the coordination ratio, the PCH membrane retains only the natural 1D straight sub-1-nm channels of PAL nanorods, rendering it one of the few membranes capable of ultra-fast water transport (> 25 L m-2 h-1 bar-1) and exceptional salt retention (97.4% for Na2SO4 and 86.2% for NaCl). Through applying ion imprinting technology, Mg2+-imprinting sites enable the membrane to transport Li+ rapidly and selectively in mixture solutions containing Mg2+, achieving a Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of up to 175. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that water and lithium ions can be transported rapidly through the intrinsic and tailored sub-1-nm channels of PAL nanorods, respectively. These findings establish PCH membranes as prospective candidates for desalination and lithium extraction from lagoons.
From COVID-19 to Mpox, how can we engage communities in Cameroon?
Authors: Mandeng Nadia Jacqueline , Esso Linda , Nsangou Moustapha , Tizi Nasser Bangai , Kenko Ingrid , Ntone Rodrigue , Nama Dominique Olomo , Bihina Luc Thierry , Hamadama Maidey , Lekeufack Edgard , Yopa Danielle Sandra , Ngomba Armelle , Mbo Marie Lumière Ntyam , Tandi Erick , Zintsem Philomène , Tameu Stella Wilfried , Onana Thaddée , Belinga Sandrine , Atongapai Diana , II Yap Boum , Bachire Hassan Ben , Mballa Georges Alain Etoundi
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 pandemic highlighted major challenges for involving communities in Cameroon through risk communication. To address these gaps and improve responses to future health crisis including current Mpox, a national study identified the most appropriate communication channels and tools during health emergencies. Convergent mixed-methods study was conducted over three months across all region. Quantitative component involved a stratified cluster sampling of participants aged 18 and above, with data collected via KoboCollect. Data analysis used Python 3.12 and Excel (< 0.05). Qualitative component included semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, analyzed using NVivo. Of 10,400 participants were surveyed, and 5,141 households visited. Television (23.56%), radio (21%), and social media (15.91%) were most frequently used communication channels. Visual materials like posters (42.97%) being particularly attractive. Channel preferences were significantly influenced by comorbidities (P < 0,001); secondary education (P < 0,001) and university (P < 0,001). Health information provided by health leaders (34.12%) and community leaders (22.20%) was deemed most reliable. Study highlights the importance of contextualising risk communication and community engagement strategies, using attractive tools, channels and trusted leaders. These insights are crucial to improving the response to Mpox and futures epidemics in Cameroon.