bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fe–N/C catalysts with tunable mesoporous structures and carbon layer numbers reveal the role of interlayer O2 activation
Authors: Woo Jinwoo , Lim June Sung , Lim Taejung , Baek Du San , Kim Jae Hyung , Lee Jong Hoon , Jeong Hu Young , Choi Chang Hyuck , Joo Sang Hoon
Published: November 2022

Fe–N/C catalysts with tunable mesoporous structures and carbon layer numbers were prepared and served as model catalysts for unraveling the important role of interlayer oxygen activation in boosting the oxygen reduction reaction activity.
Experimental absence of the non-perovskite ground state phases of MaPbI3explained by a Funnel Hopping Monte Carlo study based on a neural network potential
Authors: Finkler Jonas A. , Goedecker Stefan
Published: November 2022

Funnel Hopping Monte Carlo simulations of MaPbI3 show that the delta phases which have a lower energy than the perovskite phases are only thermodynamically preferred up to 200 K. This explains the absence of the delta phases in experiments.
Engineering functional natural polymer-based nanocomposite hydrogels for wound healing
Authors: Wang Min , Deng Zexing , Guo Yi , Xu Peng
Published: November 2022

This review focuses recent publications related to wound healing of NNPHs hydrogels. Typical natural polymers and nanomaterials are classified. Functions and requirements of NNPHs are summarized. The potential issues and development tendency of NNPHs are proposed.
Electrostatic polarization fields trigger glioblastoma stem cell differentiation
Authors: Fernandez Cabada Tamara , Ruben Massimo , El Merhie Amira , Proietti Zaccaria Remo , Alabastri Alessandro , Petrini Enrica Maria , Barberis Andrea , Salerno Marco , Crepaldi Marco , Davis Alexander , Ceseracciu Luca , Catelani Tiziano , Athanassiou Athanassia , Pellegrino Teresa , Cingolani Roberto , Papadopoulou Evie L.
Published: November 2022

Glioblastoma cancer stem-like cells seeded on substrates exhibiting surface potential differences, undergo differentiation due to the forced hyperpolarization of the membrane potential at the cell/substrate interface.
Combination of gold and redox enzyme catalysis to access valuable enantioenriched aliphatic β-chlorohydrins
Authors: Escot Lorena , González-Granda Sergio , Gotor-Fernández Vicente , Lavandera Iván
Published: November 2022

Valuable enantioenriched aliphatic β-chlorohydrins have been synthesized from the corresponding chloroalkynes via concurrent action of N-heterocyclic carbene gold(i) complexes and alcohol dehydrogenases.
Molten-salt-induced phosphorus vacancy defect engineering of heterostructured cobalt phosphides for efficient overall water splitting
Authors: Li Zhida , Zhang Chunyue , Yang Yang , Pi Shanshan , Yu Yongjie , Wan Chengfeng , Zhou Baiqin , Chao Weixiang , Lu Lu
Published: November 2022

A molten salt strategy enables one-step synthesis of heterostructured cobalt phosphides (CoPx) with abundant phosphorus vacancies for efficient overall water splitting.
Boosting the efficiency of urea synthesis via cooperative electroreduction of N2 and CO2 on MoP
Authors: Jiao Dongxu , Dong Yilong , Cui Xiaoqiang , Cai Qinghai , Cabrera Carlos R. , Zhao Jingxiang , Chen Zhongfang
Published: November 2022

By combining theoretical and experimental efforts, we designed the MoP-(101) surface and explored its potential as catalyst for urea production.
Azobenzene-decorated cellulose nanocrystals as photo-switchable chiral solutes in nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Sezgin Barış , Hegmann Torsten
Published: November 2022

Cellulose nanocrystals, surface-decorated with azobenzenes, are introduced as chiral solutes with molecular and morphological chirality and bestowed with the ability to photoswitch the helical pitch of induced chiral nematic liquid crystal phases.
Influence of a mass transfer stability criterion on double white dwarf populations
Authors: Zhenwei Li , Xuefei Chen , Hongwei Ge , Hai-Liang Chen , Zhanwen Han
Published: November 2022

Context. Mass transfer stability is a key issue in studies of binary evolution. Critical mass ratios for dynamically stable mass transfer have been analyzed on the basis of an adiabatic mass loss model, finding that the donor stars on the giant branches tend to be more stable than that based on the composite polytropic stellar model. Double white dwarfs (DWDs) are of great importance in many fields and their properties would be significantly affected under the new mass transfer stability criterion.

Aims. We seek to investigate the influence of mass transfer stability on the formation and properties of DWD populations and discuss the implications in supernova Type Ia (SN Ia) and gravitational wave (GW) sources.

Methods. We performed a series of binary population synthesis, adopting the critical mass ratios from the adiabatic mass loss model (i.e., Ge’s model) and that of the composite polytropic model, respectively. In each simulation, 5 × 106 binaries were included and evolved from zero-age main sequence to the end of their evolution and the DWDs were gradually obtained.

Results. For Ge’s model, most of the DWDs are produced from the stable non-conservative Roche lobe (RL) overflow, along with a common-envelope (CE) ejection channel (RL+CE channel), regardless of the CE ejection efficiency, αCE. Conversely, the results of the polytropic model strongly depend on the adopted value of αCE. We find DWDs produced from the RL+CE channel have comparable WD masses and the mass ratio distribution peaks at around 1. Based on the magnitude-limited sample of DWDs, the space densities for the detectable DWDs and those with extremely low-mass WD (ELM WD) companions in Ge’s model is: 1347 kpc−3 and 473 kpc−3, respectively, which is close to what has been shown in observations. On the other hand, the polytropic model overpredicts space density of DWDs by a factor of about 2−3. We also find that the results of DWD merger rate distribution per Galaxy in Ge’s model reproduce the observations better than that of the polytropic model, and the merger rate of DWDs with ELM WD companions in the Galaxy is about 1.8 × 10−3 yr−1 in Ge’s model. This result is comparable to the observation estimation of 2 × 10−3 yr−1. The findings from Ge’s model predict a Galactic SN Ia rate of ∼6 × 10−3 yr−1 from DWDs, supporting observations of (5.4 ± 1.2)×10−3 yr−1. For the fiducial model of αCE = 1, the number of detectable GW sources in the polytropic model is larger than that in Ge’s model by about 35%.

Conclusions. We confirm that mass transfer stability plays an important role in the formation and properties of DWD populations as well as in the progenitors of SNe Ia and detectable GW sources. The results of Ge’s model support the observational DWD merger rate distribution per Galaxy and the space density of DWDs in the Galaxy.
Heavy-flavor impact on CTEQ-TEA global QCD analyses
Authors: Guzzi Marco , Ablat Alim , Dulat Sayipjamal , Hou Tie-Jiun , Nadolsky Pavel , Sitiwaldi Ibrahim , Xie Keping , Yuan C.-P.
Published: November 2022

We discuss heavy-flavor production at hadron colliders in recent global QCD analyses to determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton. We discuss heavy-flavor treatments in precision theory predictions at the LHC. In particular, we discuss factorization schemes in presence of heavy flavors in proton-proton collisions, as well as the impact of heavy-flavor production at the LHC on PDFs. We show results of recent updates beyond CT18, the latest global QCD analysis from the CTEQ-TEA group.
Hard exclusive meson production in muon scattering at COMPASS
Authors: Sandacz Andrzej ,   on behalf of the COMPASS Collaboration
Published: November 2022

We report on measurements of hard exclusive muoproduction of ρ0, ω and π0 mesons on the proton at COMPASS using 160 GeV/c polarized μ+ and μ− beams scattering off a liquid hydrogen target. The extracted Spin Density Matrix Elements for vector mesons indicate a violation of s-channel helicity conservation for transitions of transversely polarized virtual photons to longitudinally polarized vector mesons, γT → VL, where V denotes ρ0 or ω meson. Additionally, for ρ0 production we observe a dominant contribution of natural-parity-exchange transitions and a small contribution of unnaturalparity-exchange transitions. On the contrary, the contribution of unnaturalparity-exchange for ω production is significant and it decreases with increasing W, being still non-negligible at the largest W values accessible at COMPASS. Further, we present also the absolute value of the differential cross section for exclusive π0 production and its dependence on squared four-momentum transfer t and azimuthal angle ø between the scattering plane and π0 production plane. The results provide an important input for modeling Generalized Parton Distribution (GPDs), and in particular to constrain chiral-odd (transversity) GPDs.
Computing one-loop radiative corrections in τ → π(K)ν[γ] and testing new physics
Authors: Rosell Ignasi
Published: November 2022

Without a doubt the ratios Rτ/p = Γ(τ → Pντ[γ])/Γ(P → μνμ[γ]) (P = π, K) give a convenient scenario to test the lepton universality, the CKM unitarity and to search for non-standard interactions in τ decays. Moreover, the previous theoretical estimation of these observables is more than twenty-five years old and some assumptions of that estimation are unrealistic. Therefore, an update of Rτ/P was timely. The one-loop radiative corrections have been computed by considering an expansion of Chiral Perturbation Theory including the lightest spin-one resonances and respecting the short-distance behavior dictated by QCD. We have reported δRτ/π = (0.18±0.57)% and δRτ/K = (0.97±0.58)%, where the uncertainties have been induced fundamentally by the estimation of the counterterms. We have tested the lepton universality, the CKM unitarity and have searched for new physics in τ decays. As a by-product, we have also determined the theoretical radiative corrections to the τ → Pντ[γ] decay rates, δτπ = —(0.24 ± 0.56)% and δτK = —(0.15 ± 0.57)%.
Implications of Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry and NRQCD on Bc → J/ψ, ηc form factors
Authors: Novoa-Brunet Martín
Published: November 2022

We discuss the analysis of Bc → J/ψ, ηc form factors, based on the heavy quark spin symmetry and nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) performed in Ref. [1]. We perform an expansion on the inverse of the heavy quarks’ masses using power counting rules of NRQCD up to the next-to-leading order. This allows us to classify the heavy quark spin symmetry-breaking terms and express the form factors in terms of universal functions in a selected kinematical range. Using as input the lattice QCD results for the Bc → J/ψ matrix element of the SM operator, we obtain information on other form factors.
Semirelativistic Potential Modelling of Bound States: Advocating Due Rigour
Authors: Lucha Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

The Poincaré-covariant quantum-field-theoretic description of bound states by the homogeneous Bethe–Salpeter equation usually exhibits an intrinsic complexity that can be attenuated by allowing this formalism to undergo various simplifications. The resulting approximate outcome’s reliability can be assessed by applying several rigorous constraints on the nature of the bound-state spectra; most prominent here are existence, number and location of discrete eigenvalues.
First bent wafer-scale sensor in truly-cylindrical geometry for the ALICE ITS3 detector
Authors: Torres Ramos Arianna G. ,   on behalf of the ALICE Collaboration
Published: November 2022

An upgrade of the three innermost layers of the ALICE ITS, intended to be installed during the LHC Long Shutdown 3, is under development. The detector concept foresees the usage of curved, wafer-scale Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors. Extensive characterization studies of bent single ALPIDE chips (used for the current ITS), have been carried out to evaluate their performance under the mechanical stress involved in the bending process. These tests on small sensors have opened the way to the investigation of a large scale sensor: a full size demonstrator of a half-layer in a truly cylindrical shape based on so called super-ALPIDE chips. Such activity has required the development of special tools and procedures dedicated to bend and read out the new pixel matrix.
Unexpected molecular dynamics of ethanol in hydrogen-bonded binary mixtures, ethanol-octanol and ethanol-water
Authors: Hoffmann Ingo , Malayil Kalathil Firoz , Lopian Tobias , Touraud Didier , Czakkel Orsolya , Plazanet Marie , Alba-Simionesco Christiane
Published: November 2022

In view of getting a quantitative picture of the dynamics in mixtures of hydrogen-bonded liquids, in particular the ternary water-ethanol-octanol, we examine in this paper the dynamics of two binary systems: ethanol-water and ethanol-octanol. Our multiscale investigation includes quasi-elastic neutron scattering for the characterization of the dynamics at the molecular scale, completed by NMR at the mesoscopic scale and eventually compared with macroscopic viscosity properties. We highlight the decrease of diffusivity in pure alcohols when increasing the lengthscale and conjecture its relation with the two processes measured in dielectric spectroscopy. While the behaviour of ethanol-water is well understood, unexpected inversion of the slowest component between the micro and the mesoscale are evidenced in the ethanol-octanol mixture. This effect could be at the origin of the negative viscosity excess in the mixture of alcohols.
Revisiting the modeling of quasielastic neutron scattering from bulk water
Authors: Petersen Martin H. , Telling Mark T. F. , Kneller Gerald , Bordallo Heloisa N.
Published: November 2022

Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) from bulk-water at 300 K, measured on the IRIS backscattering neutron spectrometer (ISIS, UK), is interpreted using the jump diffusion model (JDM), a “minimalistic” multi-timescale relaxation model (MRM) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD). In the case of MRM data analysis is performed in the time domain, where the relaxation of the intermediate scattering function is described by a stretched Mittag-Leffler function, Eα(−(|t|/τ)α). This function displays an asymptotic power law decay and contains the exponential relaxation function as a special case (α = 1). To further compare the two approaches, MD simulations of bulk water were performed using the SPCE force field and the resulting MD trajectories analysed using the nMoldyn software. We show that both JDM and MRM accurately describe the diffusion of bulk water observed by QENS at all length scales, and confirm that MD simulations do not fully describe the quantum effects of jump diffusion.
SHERPA: A Spectrometer with High Energy Resolution and Polarisation Analysis
Authors: Nemkovski Kirill , Bewley Robert , García Sakai Victoria , Nilsen Gøran Jan , Perrichon Adrien , Silverwood Ian
Published: November 2022

SHERPA is a proposed quasielastic neutron spectrometer with polarisation analysis, intended to replace the ageing Iris instrument at the ISIS neutron and muon source. In this paper we present a concept of the instrument along with Monte-Carlo simulations and analysis of possible instrument location. We expect greatly increased count rate compared to Iris (expected from 49 to 660 × Iris) in unpolarised mode and dedicated polarisation analysis capabilities at a more modest count rate increase (~5-70 × Iris). This huge gain in the count rate would be achieved from the combination of three factors: modern neutron guide with high-m coating, and prismatic effect and larger solid angle coverage at the energy analyser. Such an instrument would be the first of its kind and has incredible potential to revolutionise quasielastic neutron scattering technique through the separation of the coherent and incoherent scattering contributions.
A robust collision source method for rank adaptive dynamical low-rank approximation in radiation therapy
Authors: Kusch Jonas , Stammer Pia
Published: November 2022

Deterministic models for radiation transport describe the density of radiation particles moving through a background material. In radiation therapy applications, the phase space of this density is composed of energy, spatial position and direction of flight. The resulting six-dimensional phase space prohibits fine numerical discretizations, which are essential for the construction of accurate and reliable treatment plans. In this work, we tackle the high dimensional phase space through a dynamical low-rank approximation of the particle density. Dynamical low-rank approximation (DLRA) evolves the solution on a low-rank manifold in time. Interpreting the energy variable as a pseudo-time lets us employ the DLRA framework to represent the solution of the radiation transport equation on a low-rank manifold for every energy. Stiff scattering terms are treated through an efficient implicit energy discretization and a rank adaptive integrator is chosen to dynamically adapt the rank in energy. To facilitate the use of boundary conditions and reduce the overall rank, the radiation transport equation is split into collided and uncollided particles through a collision source method. Uncollided particles are described by a directed quadrature set guaranteeing low computational costs, whereas collided particles are represented by a low-rank solution. It can be shown that the presented method is L2-stable under a time step restriction which does not depend on stiff scattering terms. Moreover, the implicit treatment of scattering does not require numerical inversions of matrices. Numerical results for radiation therapy configurations as well as the line source benchmark underline the efficiency of the proposed method.
Die Entwicklung von Einsamkeit über die Lebensspanne
Authors: Mund Marcus , Buecker Susanne
Published: November 2022

Einsamkeit entsteht, wenn Personen quantitative und/oder qualitative Defizite in ihren eigenen sozialen Beziehungen wahrnehmen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag gehen wir der Frage nach, wie statisch oder veränderlich Einsamkeit über die Lebensspanne ist und welche Implikationen sich daraus für die Betrachtung von Einsamkeit im Einzelfall ergeben könnten.
Einsamkeit und Erwerbsminderung
Authors: Lippke Sonia , Keller Franziska M. , Smidt Christiane , Dahmen Alina
Published: November 2022

Einsamkeit kann mit kritischen Lebensereignissen im Zusammenhang stehen, wie zum Beispiel dem Ausscheiden aus der Erwerbstätigkeit. Gerade Personen mit einer Einschränkung der Erwerbstätigkeit aufgrund einer psychischen oder körperlichen Erkrankung haben ein höheres Risiko, an Einsamkeitsgefühlen zu leiden.
Fallbericht schwere organisierte rituelle Gewalt
Authors: Rudolph Martina , Schickedanz Harald , Dietrich Daniel , Wilmers Fabian
Published: November 2022

Aufgewachsen ohne jeglichen Kontakt zu Gleichaltrigen, wusste sie nicht, dass etwas ungewöhnlich war in ihrem Leben. Jahrelang ignorierte sie Zeitlücken und Verletzungen an ihrem Körper. Die Vergewaltigungen durch den Vater, den Hass und die Schläge der Mutter übernahmen andere Persönlichkeitsanteile für sie, ebenso wie die unter Folter erlernten Konditionierungen und die enge Bindung an den Kult, in den sie hineingeboren war. Als Frau L. die Folgen der Gewalt nicht mehr ausreichend abspalten konnte, dekompensierte sie mit einer schweren Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) und Dissoziativen Identitätsstörung (DIS).
Spezialsprechstunde Einsamkeit – ein Werkstattbericht
Authors: Lee-Grimm Sie-In , McMonagle Maureen , Juckel Georg
Published: November 2022

Im Oktober 2021 wurde in der Institutsambulanz der LWL-Klinik Bochum die Spezialsprechstunde „Einsamkeit“ ins Leben gerufen. Das multiprofessionelle Team besteht aus Fachärzten, Psychologen und Sozialarbeitern. Neben medizinischer und psychologischer Diagnostik, Beratung und ggf. individuelle medikamentöse Behandlung geht es insbesondere um Hilfestellung zur Selbsthilfe.
Die verborgenen Gesichter der Einsamkeit
Authors: Hax-Schoppenhorst Thomas
Published: November 2022

Einsamkeit ist stilles Leid. Wenige machen dieses oft als selbst verschuldet empfundenes und schambesetztes Gefühl die meisten Betroffenen arrangieren sich mit ihrer Situation. Es gilt, jene Facetten von Einsamkeit aufzuzeigen, die durch Forschung, Publizistik und Initiativen zugänglich gemacht wurden. Interpretationsansätze, wieso aktuell von einem „Zeitalter der Einsamkeit“ 1 gesprochen wird, schließen sich an, um dem Phänomen ein Gesicht zu geben.
Einsamkeit – eine psychologische Perspektive
Authors: Holtbernd Thomas
Published: November 2022

Die negativen Auswirkungen von Einsamkeit auf die Gesundheit gelten als eindeutig gesichert. Die Politik hat darauf reagiert und entsprechende Gremien ins Leben gerufen. Bisherige Forschungen beziehen sich allerdings meist auf das schmerzhafte Einsamkeitsempfinden – diesem Defizit kann Einsamkeit als Reifungsschritt entgegengesetzt werden. Der Ansatz einer eingeübten Einsamkeitsfähigkeit ist ressourcenorientiert und ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Stärkung der Resilienz.
Tuberkulose im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Schaberg Tom , Brinkmann Folke , Feiterna-Sperling Cornelia , Geerdes-Fenge Hilte , Hartmann Pia , Häcker Brit , Hauer Barbara , Haas Walter , Heyckendorf Jan , Lange Christoph , Maurer Florian P. , Nienhaus Albert , Otto-Knapp Ralf , Priwitzer Martin , Richter Elvira , Salzer Helmut J.F. , Schoch Otto , Schönfeld Nicolas , Stahlmann Ralf , Bauer Torsten
Published: November 2022

Die Tuberkulose ist in Deutschland eine seltene, überwiegend gut behandelbare Erkrankung. Weltweit ist sie eine der häufigsten Infektionserkrankungen mit ca. 10 Millionen Neuerkrankungen/Jahr. Auch bei einer niedrigen Inzidenz in Deutschland bleibt Tuberkulose insbesondere aufgrund der internationalen Entwicklungen und Migrationsbewegungen eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose. In Deutschland besteht, aufgrund der niedrigen Prävalenz der Erkrankung und der damit verbundenen abnehmenden klinischen Erfahrung, ein Informationsbedarf zu allen Aspekten der Tuberkulose und ihrer Kontrolle. Diese Leitlinie umfasst die mikrobiologische Diagnostik, die Grundprinzipien der Standardtherapie, die Behandlung verschiedener Organmanifestationen, den Umgang mit typischen unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen, die Besonderheiten in der Diagnostik und Therapie resistenter Tuberkulose sowie die Behandlung bei TB-HIV-Koinfektion. Sie geht darüber hinaus auf Versorgungsaspekte und gesetzliche Regelungen wie auch auf die Diagnosestellung und präventive Therapie einer latenten tuberkulösen Infektion ein. Es wird ausgeführt, wann es der Behandlung durch spezialisierte Zentren bedarf.

Die Aktualisierung der S2k-Leitlinie „Tuberkulose im Erwachsenenalter“ soll allen in der Tuberkuloseversorgung Tätigen als Richtschnur für die Prävention, die Diagnose und die Therapie der Tuberkulose dienen und helfen, den heutigen Herausforderungen im Umgang mit Tuberkulose in Deutschland gewachsen zu sein.
Ein Schritt ins Dunkle: Pilotstudie zu Prävalenz, situativem
Kontext und Folgen sexualisierter Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche in
Deutschland
Authors: Hoell Andreas , Kourmpeli Eirini , Dölling Dieter , Horten Barbara , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Dreßing Harald
Published: November 2022

Ziel der Studie war die Erfassung des Ausmaßes sexualisierter
Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche, der unterschiedlichen Tatkontexte und
Folgen sexualisierter Gewalt.

Methodik Es wurde eine Zufallsstichprobe aus einer städtischen
Bevölkerung (18–69 Jahre) erhoben, die zum aktuellen
Wohlbefinden, zu Hilfsangeboten für Kinder und Jugendliche bei
sexualisierter Gewalt und zu Erfahrungen mit sexualisierter Gewalt im Kindes-
und Jugendalter mittels einer Hybridumfrage befragt wurden.

Ergebnisse Der Rücklauf betrug n=159 (17,3%). Es
gaben 18,2% an, mindestens einmal in der Kindheit oder Jugend Opfer
sexualisierter Gewalt geworden zu sein. Davon berichteten 34,5% zum
ersten Mal von diesen Ereignissen. Das psychische Wohlbefinden war in der Gruppe
der von sexualisierter Gewalt Betroffenen signifikant geringer. Die Kenntnis zu
Hilfsangeboten war bei allen Teilnehmenden eher gering.

Schlussfolgerung Die gewählte Methode ließe sich im Rahmen
einer bundesweiten repräsentativen Befragung anwenden, um Einblicke in
das Dunkelfeld der sexualisierten Gewalt zu geben.
Agents Used for Nerve Blocks and Neurolysis
Authors: Wu Richard , Majdalany Bill S. , Lilly Meghan , Prologo J. David , Kokabi Nima
Published: November 2022

The recognition of pain and the treatments used for it are vital for all practitioners. Many types of pain can be treated in a locoregional fashion, which has significant implications not just for any individual patient but for society as a whole. These treatments are most effective when performed in a minimally invasive, image-guided fashion. Interventional radiologists should play a central role in providing these lifestyle-limiting treatments. This article describes the medications most typically used for spinal and extra-axial treatments in the management of patients in pain.
Nononcologic Embolization
Authors: De la Garza-Ramos Cynthia , Salei Aliaksei , Caridi Theresa M.
Published: November 2022

The scope of conditions managed by embolization, which was initially used for the treatment of hemorrhage and vascular malformations, is constantly expanding. Apart from oncologic indications, embolization is used to treat a wide range of benign pathology, including uterine fibroids and benign prostatic hyperplasia. While various particulate embolic agents are successfully used for benign embolization, there is growing evidence that unique properties of these may result in different outcomes. This article reviews available evidence comparing various particles used for uterine fibroid embolization and prostate artery embolization. In addition, we provide an overview of periprocedural pharmacology and protocols facilitating same-day discharge for these interventions.
Antibiotics Tubes and Lines
Authors: Khurana Navpreet , Salei Aliaksei , Gunn Andrew J. , Huang Junjian
Published: November 2022

Antibiotic prophylaxis in interventional radiology (IR) is widely used; however, such practice is based on data from the surgical literature. Although published guidelines can help determine the need for prophylactic antibiotic use in the patient undergoing percutaneous procedures, local practice patterns often dictate when such medications are given. In this article, the current state of periprocedural antibiotic use in commonly performed IR procedures (i.e., tube and catheter placements) is presented.
Correcting Coagulopathy for Image-Guided Procedures
Authors: Novelli Paula M. , Tublin Joshua M. , Orons Philip D.
Published: November 2022

Patients with acquired coagulopathy often require percutaneous image-guided invasive procedures for urgent control of hemorrhage or for elective procedures. Routine preprocedural evaluation of coagulopathy previously focused on absolute prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, and platelet count values. Now viscoelastic testing and greater understanding of patient- and drug-specific changes in coagulation profiles can yield better coagulation profile data. More specific reversal agents and profiles combine for less generalized and more titrated transfusion or correction algorithms. This article reviews procedural and patient-specific factors for defining both hemorrhagic risk and correction strategies.
Reading
Authors: Elgort Irina
Published: November 2022

What is involved in skilled reading and learning to read in a second language (L2), compared with the first language (L1)? Answers to this question can shape our thinking about what needs to be taught and investigated in instructed second language acquisition of reading by learners already literate in their L1s. Reading comprehension is a complex cognitive task that is notoriously difficult to define and measure (Nation & Waring, 2019), and building on relevant research paradigms and methods from adjacent fields offers a way to address this complexity. In this chapter, I consider interdisciplinary methodological approaches used to study reading that ISLAR researchers can adopt and adapt in investigating learning to read and reading to learn in an additional language. The chapter concludes with a detailed look at selected studies exemplifying the use of such research methods and advice for future L2 reading researchers.
Speaking
Authors: Kuiken Folkert , Vedder Ineke
Published: November 2022

This chapter focuses on the assessment of oral performance in a second language (L2), viewed from the perspective of task-based language assessment and instructed second language acquisition. The notion of L2 proficiency, as presented in the Common European Framework of References (Council of Europe, 2001), rests on two pillars that have to be taken into account when measuring L2 speaking: (1) the linguistic dimension, referring to the complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) of the speaker’s utterances; and (2) the communicative dimension, concerning the appropriateness and effectiveness of the message to be conveyed, labeled functional adequacy (FA). Whereas the majority of studies on the assessment of learner performance have focused on CAF, little attention has been devoted to the functional aspects of L2 performance. The rationale underlying the present chapter is that assessing L2 speaking is impossible without considering both CAF and FA (henceforth, CAFFA) and the mutual relationship between the two constructs. It is argued that L2 speaking should not only be assessed by measures along the CAF-triad but also in terms of FA. The chapter discusses the theoretical underpinnings and applicability of a rating scale for FA (Kuiken & Vedder, 2017, 2018).
Some grammatical features of Faifi Arabic with a focus on emphatic fricatives
Authors: Alfaifi Abdullah , Davis Stuart
Published: November 2022

After overviewing some unusual features of Faifi Arabic, the present study investigates the distribution of emphatic fricatives in a subvariety of Faifi Arabic (FA) focusing on their unique realizations. First, we observe that the emphatic /sˤ/, which is cognate with Classical Arabic /sˤ/, is typically realized as [st] in FA. Second, FA emphatic fricative /ðˤ/ is affected by a process of root-initial devoicing, whether it is cognate with Classical Arabic /ðˤ/ or /dˤ/. When root-initial /ðˤ/ is cognate with Classical Arabic /ðˤ/ and low vowels occur in the first two syllables, the emphatic devoices, resulting in the surface allophone [θˤ]; if a high vowel is present, the emphatic also depharyngealizes, resulting in [θ]. When FA root-initial /ðˤ/ is cognate with Classical Arabic /dˤ/, it typically surfaces as labiodental fricative [f]; otherwise, it is realized as [ðˤ].
Phraseological complexity in EFL learners’ spoken production across proficiency levels
Authors: Paquot Magali , Gablasova Dana , Brezina Vaclav , Naets Hubert
Published: November 2022

This study explores phraseological complexity in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ spoken production across proficiency levels in the Trinity Lancaster Corpus. Phraseological diversity and sophistication are operationalized as root type-token ratios and median mutual information scores of verb + object co-occurrences respectively. Results draw a complex picture of phraseological complexity in EFL learners’ oral performance, with phraseological diversity increasing on the whole and phraseological sophistication decreasing significantly from B1 to B2. These findings can at least partly be explained by the fact that, unlike EFL learners at B1, EFL learners at B2 and above repeat fewer combinations and use more specific vocabulary, which sometimes leads to less idiomatic combinations that should nevertheless be considered as traces of qualitative development.
Persistent errors in spoken English among Taiwanese and Czech learners at CEFR B2 and C1
Authors: Gráf Tomáš , Huang Lan-Lanfen
Published: November 2022

The study provides empirical evidence illustrating the development of grammatical accuracy in spoken learner English from CEFR’s B2 to C1 levels of accuracy. It uses the CEFR-rated and error-tagged Taiwanese and Czech sub-corpora of LINDSEI containing altogether 54 B2 and 36 C1 speakers. The analysis of the 5,120 identified errors revealed a threefold increase in accuracy at the C1 level. However, some errors which might be labelled persistent were identified, namely errors in some aspects of the use of articles and errors in the use of some verb tenses. The study contributes to the discussion of criterial features for proficiency levels.
Accuracy, syntactic complexity and task type at play in examination writing
Authors: Lyashevskaya Olga , Vinogradova Olga , Scherbakova Anna
Published: November 2022

This chapter explores the association between syntactic complexity and syntactic accuracy in essays written by Russian learners of English in reply to two examination task types: a description of graphical material (Task 1) and an opinion essay (Task 2). A Poisson regression model served to predict the number of syntactic errors. Two syntactic complexity parameters were statistically significant in predicting syntactic accuracy in both tasks: the numbers of sentences and adverbial clauses. Three more parameters predicted the accuracy in Task 1 only: maximum depth of syntactic trees, and the numbers of adjective + noun and noun + infinitive constructions. Six parameters were related to syntactic accuracy in Task 2: the numbers of all clauses, of tokens and of T- units; the average length of sentence; and the numbers of coordinated and of participle + noun constructions.
Exploring the use of repeats in learners’ native and interlanguage production
Authors: Larsson Aas Hege , Rørvik Sylvi
Published: November 2022

This chapter investigates repeats in native language (L1) Norwegian and interlanguage (IL) English, with the aim of exploring interlanguage fluency variations and the potential existence of individual speaking styles across both L1 and IL production. We manually identified and categorized repeats in six interviews from the (forthcoming) Norwegian component of the LINDSEI corpus (Gilquin et al. 2010) and interviews with the same speakers in their L1. Our results show that repeats occur more frequently in the IL, but there is also evidence of individual variation in speaking styles. We conclude by suggesting some pedagogical implications of our results as related to the teaching and assessment of fluency behavior, emphasizing individual cross-linguistic behavior in the face of processing difficulties.
On the application of the Mitscherlich-Baule equation to fertiliser response data
Authors: Dhanoa M.S. , Sanderson R. , Cardenas L.M. , Shepherd A. , Chadwick D.R. , Powell C.D. , Ellis J.L. , López S. , France J.
Published: November 2022

The application of the Mitscherlich-Baule equation to fertiliser response data from an extant experiment conducted in New Zealand is further investigated. An estimate of the relevant soil nutrient is obtained as a function of the fitted parameter values using a full model. Estimates of the Baule units are given. These also depend on the fitted parameters. Additionally, predicted estimates of asymptotes are compared with their fitted estimates. Thus, our primary purpose is to describe additional facets of using a Mitscherlich response function to fit crop yield data. We believe the extra results obtained enhance the value of crop growth experiments.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K2 of the air-kerma standards of the ARPANSA, Australia, and the BIPM in low-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Butler D , Shoyookhi S , Hanlon M
Published: November 2022

Main text

A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the ARPANSA, Australia, and the BIPM in the low-energy x ray range. The results show the standards to agree at the level of the expanded uncertainty of the comparison of 9 parts in 103 (22 parts in 103 at 10 kV). The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
APMP.M.H-S5 final report of the supplementary comparison of Brinell hardness
Authors: Pakkratoke Montree , Sasom Nitiwat , Hattori Koichiro , Tak Nae Hyung
Published: November 2022

Main text

This report purposed the results of supplementary comparison of Brinell hardness, APMP.M.H-S5, among three National Metrology Institutes (NIMT, NMIJ/AIST and KRISS). The comparison was carried out during April 2018 to July 2019 in order to determine the capability of the primary Brinell hardness standard, including standard conditions, of each participant, to confirm the accuracy of Brinell hardness scale HBW 10/500 and HBW 10/3000 measurement declared by each participant, which includes the effect of each participant's primary indenter, and determine the degrees of equivalence of hardness scale measurement in the range 45HBW to 550HBW. The pilot institute was the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT. There were 2 different types of artifacts for the comparison. The first set was the set of Brinell hardness comparison: hardness measurement. The second set is a set of diameter length comparison: diameter length measurement.

The measurement results of each participant were used to compute the degree of equivalence in comparison reference value (CRV) and the uncertainty of this deviation at a 95% level of confidence. The En number was calculated to express the equivalence between the measurements of participants as well.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Dipole responses in γ−soft 124–134Xe in the spectroscopic energy region
Authors: Quliyev H , Guliyev E , Kuliev A A
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to systematically investigate the low-lying dipole states of even–even 124–134Xe isotopes using the quasiparticle random phase approximation method. Where in all the studied xenon isotopes, electric and magnetic dipole responses were clearly predicted. The calculations predict mainly a scissors mode, while the strength of weakly deformed 132, 134Xe was small compared to moderately deformed 124–130Xe isotopes, where electric dipole excitations make their own contributions as well. The obtained results are consistent with the available experimental data. Since it was not possible to experimentally determine the parity of dipole states here through a comparison of our results with the experiment, we investigated the role of electric and magnetic dipole excitations in forming the spectrum. After comparing the obtained results with the experimentally derived ones, the natures of several observed spin- and parity-unknown excitations were determined.
Robust sequential adaptive Kalman filter algorithm for ultrashort baseline underwater acoustic positioning
Authors: Yang Fanlin , Zhang Xiaofei , Sui Haichen , Xin Mingzhen , Luo Yu , Shi Bo
Published: November 2022

Affected by dynamic changes in the complex marine environment, ultrashort baseline (USBL) systems may exhibit continuous gross errors in underwater target positioning, resulting in the distortion of the target coordinates. To effectively detect and eliminate continuous gross errors in USBL underwater acoustic positioning, a robust sequential adaptive Kalman filter (RSAKF) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The RSAKF algorithm employs sequential filtering to decompose all measurement updates into multiple submeasurement updates and uses the fading memory weighted average method to estimate the one-step prediction mean square error of the metrics for each submeasurement update. Then, the RSAKF algorithm adopts an adaptive correction method of submeasurement noise variance, which eliminates the influence of continuous gross errors through a more targeted adaptive correction of each submeasurement noise variance. The effectiveness of the algorithm was quantitatively analyzed using a USBL positioning simulation experiment, and the results showed that the continuous gross errors rejection rate of the RSAKF algorithm reached 84.12%. The point error of the RSAKF algorithm is improved by 62.65%, 46.76%, 36.09%, and 26.48% compared with the Kalman filter (KF), KF based on Huber, KF based on Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, and the maximum correntropy KF, respectively. The USBL positioning remotely operated vehicle experiment was conducted in the South China Sea, and the results showed that the RSAKF has the best filtering accuracy. Simulation and actual measurement experiments verified that the RSAKF algorithm can effectively eliminate the influence of continuous gross errors.
A multi-institutional comparison of acceptance testing data for a 0.35 T MRI scanner
Authors: Khan Ahtesham Ullah , DeWerd Larry A , Das Indra J , Yadav Poonam
Published: November 2022

Objective. To present and quantify the variability in the acceptance testing data for the imaging component of the 0.35 T magnetic resonance-linear accelerator (MR-linac). Approach. The current acceptance testing protocol by the MR-linac vendor was described along with the equipment and scanner parameters utilized throughout the process. The Bo
field homogeneity, SNR/uniformity of the combined and individual receiver coils, American College of Radiology (ACR) image quality testing, and spatial integrity of the imaging data were collected from twelve different institutions. The variability in the results was accentuated and the ramifications of the results were discussed in the context of MR-guided radiation therapy. Main Results. The Bo
field homogeneity was found to have a large gantry dependence with the median values being <4 ppm for all gantry angles. The SNR and uniformity were found to be well above the vendor-specified thresholds with a relatively small institutional-dependence. All institutions passed the ACR image uniformity tests. The largest institutional variability was noted to be for the slice positional accuracy test. The spatial fidelity was calculated to be <1.0 and <2.1 mm within a 100 and a 175 mm radius from the isocenter. Significance. The results from this study can be used to set the tolerances and formal guidelines for MR-linacs imaging quality assurance. Additionally, the multi-institutional data reported in this work will aid in future MR-linac acceptance and commissioning.
An updated review of the new hadron states
Authors: Chen Hua-Xing , Chen Wei , Liu Xiang , Liu Yan-Rui , Zhu Shi-Lin
Published: November 2022

The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics. Many excited open heavy flavor mesons and baryons have been observed since 2017. We shall provide an updated review of the recent experimental and theoretical progresses in this active field. Besides the conventional heavy hadrons, we shall also review the recently observed open heavy flavor tetraquark statesX(2900) andTcc+(3875)as well as the hidden heavy flavor multiquark statesX(6900),Pcs(4459)0,Zcs(3985)−,Zcs(4000)+, andZcs(4220)+. We will also cover the recent progresses on the glueballs and light hybrid mesons, which are the direct manifestations of the non-AbelianSU(3) gauge interaction of the Quantum Chromodynamics in the low-energy region.
High responsivity n-ZnO nanorods/p-GaN heterojunction-based UV-A photodetectors
Authors: Francis Bellarmine , Sebastian Reethu , Dixit Tejendra , Ganapathi K Lakshmi , Rao M S Ramachandra
Published: November 2022

Here, we report the fabrication of ZnO/p-GaN based high responsivity ultraviolet (UV) photodetector. Hydrothermal technique has been followed to grow ZnO nanorods; where two different types of precursors (nitrate and chloride) were used for the growth of nanorods. Interestingly, it was found that the ZnO nanorods grown using nitrate precursor are less prone to defect emission in comparison to the ZnO nanorods prepared using chloride-based precursor which resulted in low dark current levels. The photo-responsivity and photo-detectivity values of the as-fabricated device were calculated to be 350 mA W−1 and 3.5 × 1011 Jones, respectively at 360 nm excitation wavelength and ∼1.79 µW cm−2 excitation intensity. The demonstration of high responsivity UV detectors (at low excitation intensity values) using ZnO nanorods/GaN can pave the way toward the development of high-performance next generation UV photodetectors.
Hölder continuity of Oseledets subspaces for linear cocycles on Banach spaces*
Authors: Luo Chiyi , Zhao Yun
Published: November 2022

Let f : X → X be an invertible Lipschitz transformation on a compact metric space X. Given a Hölder continuous invertible operator cocycles on a Banach space and an f-invariant ergodic measure, this paper establishes the Hölder continuity of Oseledets subspaces over a compact set of arbitrarily large measure. This extends a result in [V Araujo, A I Bufetov and S Filip, On Hölder-continuity of Oseledets subspaces, J. Lond. Math. Soc. 2016, 93 : 194–218]. for invertible operator cocycles on a Banach space. This paper also proves the Hölder continuity in the non-invertible case. Finally, some applications are given in the end of this paper.
Fast computation of non-linear power spectrum in cosmologies with massive neutrinos
Authors: Noriega Hernán E. , Aviles Alejandro , Fromenteau Sebastien , Vargas-Magaña Mariana
Published: November 2022

We compute 1-loop corrections to the redshift space galaxy power spectrum in cosmologies containing additional scales, and hence kernels different from Einstein-de Sitter (EdS). Specifically, our method is tailored for cosmologies in the presence of massive neutrinos and some modified gravity models; in this article we concentrate on the former case. The perturbative kernels have contributions that we notice appear either from the logarithmic growth rate f(k,t), which is scale-dependent because of the neutrino free-streaming, or from the failure of the commonly used approximation f
2 = Ω
m
. The latter contributions make the computation of loop corrections quite slow, precluding full-shape analyses for parameter estimation. However, we identify that the dominant pieces of the kernels come from the growth factor, allowing us to simplify the kernels but retaining the characteristic free-streaming scale introduced by the neutrinos' mass. Moreover, with this simplification one can exploit FFTLog methods to speed up the computations even more. We validate our analytical modeling and numerical method with halo catalogs extracted from the Quijote simulations finding good agreement with the, a priori, known cosmological parameters. We make public our Python code FOLPSν to compute the redshift space power spectrum in a fraction of second. Code available at https://github.com/henoriega/FOLPS-nu.