bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New perspectives in allergen specific immunotherapy driven by big trials with house dust mite sublingual SQ® tablets
Authors: Vitiello Gianfranco , Maltagliati Lucia , Rossi Oliviero
Published: June 2020

House-dust mites (HDM) allergy is the prevailing condition in subjects allergic to inhalants. Clinical studies with HDM extracts—either subcutaneous (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT) have long been characterized by small sample size, varying allergen doses, and poorly defined endpoints assessing disease severity. In the last decade, well-designed, randomized, controlled studies recruiting thousands of patients have been conducted with newly developed HDM sublingual tablets (SQ®-HDM tablets). This drug is easily dispersible in the oral cavity due to the patented Zydis®technology and its allergen composition is balanced in terms of group I and group II major mite allergen content, reflecting the equal contribution of the two components to HDM sensitization. HDM is the most common allergen associated with asthma. Clinical efficacy of the SQ®HDM SLIT-tablet in HDM allergic asthma has been evaluated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Both endpoints related to “present” asthma control (inhaled corticosteroid—ICS) as well as endpoints related to “future” asthma control (occurrence of asthma exacerbations) were included in these studies, in agreement with GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines. Based on the positive results of these studies, SQ®-HDM SLIT-tablets were approved Europe-wide as registered drug for treating moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis with or without allergic asthma and not well controlled HDM allergic asthma, associated with allergic rhinitis of any severity. GINA guidelines in 2017 included SLIT-tablet-based immunotherapy as an “add-on” treatment for asthmatic patients sensitized to HDM; indeed, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is considered to be a complementary treatment option that targets the immunological of allergic diseases, representing the only treatment potentially disease-modifier or, at least, with a long-term efficacy. The availability of a safe, standardized, registered treatment for HDM respiratory allergies is pivotal in the immunotherapy field, pushing it out of a century-long limbo of amatorial interest towards the full dignity deserved by the only casual treatment of respiratory allergies.
Perceived risks and amelioration of harm in research using mobile technology to support antiretroviral therapy adherence in the context of methamphetamine use: a focus group study among minorities living with HIV
Authors: Pasipanodya Elizabeth C. , Kohli Maulika , Fisher Celia B. , Moore David J. , Curtis Brenda
Published: June 2020

Background

Methamphetamine use poses a barrier to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Black and Hispanic men who have sex with men living with HIV (PLWH) shoulder much of the health burden resulting from the methamphetamine and HIV syndemic. Smartphones are nearly ubiquitous in the USA and may be promising vehicles for delivering interventions for ART adherence and drug use cessation. However, the acceptability of using applications to collect sensitive information and deliver feedback in this population has not been adequately explored.

Objective

This study examined minority PLWH’s appraisals of the risks of participating in smartphone-based research to promote ART adherence in the context of methamphetamine use and explored their views on appropriate steps to mitigate perceived risks of participation.

Methods

Three focus groups were conducted among Black and Hispanic PLWH who use methamphetamine. Of the 13 participants, 5 had previously participated in a smartphone-based observational study of ART adherence and substance use. Discussants provided feedback on smartphone-based research, including receiving probes for HIV medication adherence, mood, and substance use as well as feedback on passive location-tracking for personalized messages. Transcribed audio-recordings were thematically coded and analyzed using the qualitative software MAXQDA.

Results

Participants expressed confidentiality concerns related to potential unintentional disclosure of their HIV status and methamphetamine use and to possible legal consequences. They additionally expressed concerns around the invasiveness of daily assessments and the potential of methamphetamine use questions to trigger cravings. To mitigate these concerns, they suggested maintaining participant privacy by indirectly asking sensitive questions, focusing on positive behaviors (e.g., number of days sober), allowing user-initiated reporting of location to tailor messages, and ensuring adequate data protections. In addition to financial compensation, participants cited altruism (specifically, continuing a tradition of volunteerism in HIV research) as a motivator for potentially engaging in such research.

Conclusions

Minority PLWH have concerns regarding the use of smartphones for ART adherence and methamphetamine sobriety intervention research. However, minority PLWH are likely to participate if studies include appropriate protections against risks to confidentiality and experimental harm and are designed to offer future benefit to themselves and other PLWH.
Spawning induction, development and culturing of the solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera, an emerging model for regeneration studies
Authors: Gordon Tal , Roth Lachan , Caicci Federico , Manni Lucia , Shenkar Noa
Published: June 2020

Background

Ascidians (phylum Chordata, class Ascidiacea) represent the closest living invertebrate relatives of the vertebrates and constitute an important model for studying the evolution of chordate development. The solitary ascidianPolycarpa mytiligeraexhibits a robust regeneration ability, unique among solitary chordates, thus offering a promising new model for regeneration studies. Understanding its reproductive development and establishing land-based culturing methods is pivotal for utilizing this species for experimental studies. Its reproduction cycle, spawning behavior, and developmental processes were therefore studied in both the field and the lab, and methods were developed for its culture in both open and closed water systems.

Results

Field surveys revealed thatP. mytiligera’snatural recruitment period starts in summer (June) and ends in winter (December) when seawater temperature decreases. Laboratory experiments revealed that low temperature (21 °C) has a negative effect on its fertilization and development. Although spontaneous spawning events occur only between June and December, we were able to induce spawning under controlled conditions year-round by means of gradual changes in the environmental conditions. Spawning events, followed by larval development and metamorphosis, took place in ascidians maintained in either artificial or natural seawater facilities.P. mytiligera’s fast developmental process indicated its resemblance to other oviparous species, with the larvae initiating settlement and metamorphosis at about 12 h post-hatching, and reaching the juvenile stage 3 days later.

Conclusions

Polycarpa mytiligeracan be induced to spawn in captivity year-round, independent of the natural reproduction season. The significant advantages ofP. mytiligeraas a model system for regenerative studies, combined with the detailed developmental data and culturing methods presented here, will contribute to future research addressing developmental and evolutionary questions, and promote the use of this species as an applicable model system for experimental studies.
Contracting as a bridging factor linking outer and inner contexts during EBP implementation and sustainment: a prospective study across multiple U.S. public sector service systems
Authors: Lengnick-Hall Rebecca , Willging Cathleen , Hurlburt Michael , Fenwick Karissa , Aarons Gregory A.
Published: June 2020

Background

Bridging factors are relational ties (e.g. partnerships), formal arrangements (e.g. contracts or polices) and processes (e.g. data sharing agreements) linking outer and inner contexts and are a recent evolution of the Exploration-Preparation-Implementation-Sustainment (EPIS) framework. Bridging factor research can elucidate ways that service systems may influence and/or be influenced by organizations providing health services. This study used the EPIS framework and open systems and resource dependence theoretical approaches to examine contracting arrangements in U.S. public sector systems. Contracting arrangements function as bridging factors through which systems communicate, interact, and exchange resources with the organizations operating within them.

Methods

The sample included 17 community-based organizations in eight service systems.

Longitudinal data is derived from 113 contract documents and 88 qualitative interviews and focus groups involving system and organizational stakeholders. Analyses consisted of a document review using content analysis and focused coding of transcripts from the interviews and focus groups. A multiple case study analysis was conducted to identify patterns across service systems and organizations. The dataset represented service systems that had sustained the same EBP for between 2 and 10 years, which allowed for observation of bridging factors and outer-inner context interactions over time.

Results

Service systems and organizations influenced each other in a number of ways through contracting arrangements. Service systems influenced organizations when contracting arrangements resulted in changes to organizational functioning, required organizational responses to insufficient funding, and altered interorganizational network relationships. Organizations influenced service systems when contract arrangements prompted organization-driven contract negotiation/tailoring, changes to system-level processes, and interorganizational collaboration. Service systems and organizations were dependent on each other as implementation progressed. Resources beyond funding emerged, including adequate numbers of eligible clients, expertise in the evidence-based practice, and training and coaching capacity.

Conclusion

This study advances implementation science by expanding the range and definition of bridging factors and illustrating specific bi-directional influences between outer context service systems and inner context organizations. This study also identifies bi-directional dependencies over the course of implementation and sustainment. An analysis of influence, dependencies, and resources exchanged through bridging factors has direct implications for selecting and tailoring implementation strategies, especially those that require system-level coordination and change.
Correction to: Influence of HLA-B27 on the Ankylosing Spondylitis phenotype: results from the REGISPONSER database
Authors: Arévalo Marta , Masmitjà Jordi Gratacós , Moreno Mireia , Calvet Joan , Orellana Cristobal , Ruiz Desirée , Castro Carmen , Carreto Pilar , Larrosa Marta , Collantes Eduardo , Font Pilar ,   REGISPONSER group, Estévez Eduardo Collantes , Roura Xavier Juanola , Sueiro Jose Luis Fernández , Fernández Carlos González , Masmitjá Jordi Gratacós , Mendoza Juan Mulero , Alonso Juan Carlos Torre , Dapica Pilar Fernández , Arévalo Mª. Elia Brito Brito , Gualda Enrique Batlle , Linares Ferrando Luis F. , Navarro Enrique Judez , Galeano Carlos Vázquez , Poch Teresa Clavaguera , Espartero Mª. Cruz Fernández , Secall Enrique Calero , Busquets Manuel Pujol , Lozano Carlos Rodríguez , Moreno Ramos Manuel J. , Quintana Eduardo Cuende , Prada Manuel Fernández , Silva Rubén Queiro , Ruzafa Estefanía Moreno , Morales Carlos Montilla , López Alicia García , Úbeda Eugenio Giménez , Más Antonio Juan , Le Quement Cristina Medrano , Ornilla Enrique
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
A fractional-order Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense model with vector saturation and temperature dependent parameters
Authors: Helikumi Mlyashimbi , Kgosimore Moatlhodi , Kuznetsov Dmitry , Mushayabasa Steady
Published: June 2020

Temperature is one of the integral environmental drivers that strongly affect the distribution and density of tsetse fly population. Precisely, ectotherm performance measures, such as development rate, survival probability and reproductive rate, increase from low values (even zero) at critical minimum temperature, peak at an optimum temperature and then decline to low levels (even zero) at a critical maximum temperature. In this study, a fractional-order Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense model incorporating vector saturation and temperature dependent parameters is considered. The proposed model incorporates the interplay between vectors and two hosts, humans and animals. We computed the basic reproduction number and established results on the threshold dynamics. Meanwhile, we explored the effects of vector control and screening of infected host on long-term disease dynamics. We determine threshold levels essential to reducing the basic reproduction number to level below unity at various temperature levels. Our findings indicate that vector control and host screening could significantly control spread of the disease at different temperature levels.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the active-emphatic listening scale
Authors: Asai Keigo , Hiraizumi Taku , Hanzawa Reino
Published: June 2020

Background

Active-emphatic listening is active listening that focuses on empathy. The Active-Empathic Listening Scale (AELS) is a self-report scale comprising three dimensions: sensing, processing, and responding. However, translated versions are not available for languages used in Asian countries, such as Japanese. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate and report on the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the AELS.

Methods

After the scale was back translated, 728 Japanese university students completed the Japanese AELS. Of those participants, 566 responded to Japanese versions of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Encode, Decode, Control, and Regulate Model (ENDCOREs) for validation, and the Japanese AELS was administered again to 59 participants after 3 weeks, to determine test-retest reliability. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to validate the scale’s three-factor structure. To evaluate reliability, Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s omega, and intra-class correlation coefficient were calculated. To examine validity, correlation and partial correlation analyses were conducted.

Results

Results indicated that the factor structure of the Japanese AELS was equivalent to that of the original AELS (CFI = .942, TLI = .920, RMSEA = .055). The scale had adequate internal reliability (sensing: α = .64/ ω = .72, processing: α = .61/ ω = .62, responding: α = .68/ ω = .77, total: α = .82/ ω = .86) and a moderate test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (sensing: .53, 95%Cl [.31–.69], processing: .48, 95%Cl [.26–.65], responding: .52, 95%Cl [.31–.68], total: .51, 95%Cl [.29–.68]). Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by the positive correlation between the Japanese AELS and other measures (IRI and ENDCOREs).

Conclusions

These results suggest that the validity of the Japanese AELS is relatively comparable to the original AELS; however, it will be necessary to determine potential cultural concerns by comparing Japanese culture and other Asian cultures in future studies. The Japanese AELS is expected to be used to measure the outcomes of active listening training in Japan.
Correction to: Multiple arboviral infections during a DENV-2 outbreak in Solomon Islands
Authors: Darcy Andrew Waleluma , Kanda Seiji , Dalipanda Tenneth , Joshua Cynthia , Shimono Takaki , Lamaningao Pheophet , Mishima Nobuyuki , Nishiyama Toshimasa
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
The Role of Diffusion Weighted Imaging in suspected cases of ovarian cancer
Authors: Ali Rahma Farghaly , Nassef Hana Hamdy , Ibrahim Ahmed Mohamed , Chalabi Nivine Abdel Moneim , Mohamed Asmaa Magdy
Published: June 2020

Background

Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignancy and often diagnosed late with extensive peritoneal and nodal metastasis. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides valuable information about the structural properties of the tissue and has shown great value in cancer imaging. Recently developed post-processing three-dimensional apparent diffusion coefficient (3D ADC) map has a significant value in variable tumors yet its role in ovarian cancer is not well established. We aim to evaluate the added value of DWI and 3D ADC maps in the diagnosis of ovarian masses, detection of nodal and peritoneal deposits, and so appropriate management planning.

Results

Conventional MRI and DWI were performed to fifty-one patients with complex cystic or solid adnexal lesions depicted by gynecological ultrasonography. Results were compared with surgical and histopathologic findings revealing 23/51 (45%) had malignant ovarian tumors and 28/51 (55%) had benign ovarian pathologies. The mean 3D ADC values were 0.977 ± 0.32, 0.934 ± 0.27, and 0.956 ± 0.25 × 10−3 mm2/s for ovarian, nodal, and peritoneal malignancy respectively which were significantly lower than the mean 3D ADC values of benign ovarian lesions, non-metastatic lymph nodes and benign peritoneal lesions/fat which were measured 1.516 ± 0.6, 1.208 ± 0.25, and 1.46 ± 0.43 × 10−3 mm2/s respectively.

Conclusion

Adding DWI and 3D ADC maps to routine MRI improves the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting ovarian malignancy, nodal, and peritoneal metastasis. They also provide qualitative data helping in the differentiation of malignant and non-malignant entities.
Vug and fracture characterization and gas production prediction by fractals: Carbonate reservoir of the Longwangmiao Formation in the Moxi-Gaoshiti area, Sichuan Basin
Authors: Li Chang , Sima Liqiang , Che Guoqiong , Liang Wang , Shen Anjiang , Guo Qingxin , Xie Bing
Published: June 2020

A comprehensive knowledge of the development and connectivity of fractures and vugs in carbonate reservoirs plays a key role in reservoir evaluation, ultimately affecting the gas prediction of this kind of heterogeneous reservoir. The carbonate reservoirs with fractures and vugs that are well developed in the Longwangmiao Formation, Sichuan Basin are selected as a research target, with the fractal dimension calculated from the full-bore formation microimager (FMI) image proposed to characterize the fractures and vugs. For this purpose, the multipoint statistics algorithm is first used to reconstruct a high-resolution FMI image of the full borehole wall. And then, the maximum class-variance method (the Otsu method) realizes the automatic threshold segmentation of the FMI image and acquisition of the binary image, which accurately characterizes the fractures and vugs. Finally, the fractal dimension is calculated by the box dimension algorithm, with its small value difference enlarged to obtain a new fractal parameter ([Formula: see text]). The fractal dimensions for four different kinds of reservoirs, including eight subdivided models of vugs and fractures, show that the fractal dimension can characterize the development and the connectivity of fractures and vugs comprehensively. That is, the more developed that the fractures and vugs are, the better the connectivity will be, and simultaneously the smaller that the values of the fractal dimensions are. The fractal dimension is first applied to the gas production prediction by means of constructing a new parameter ([Formula: see text]) defined as a multiple of the effective thickness ([Formula: see text]), porosity (Por), and fractal dimension ([Formula: see text]). The field examples illustrate that the fractal dimensions can effectively characterize the fractures and vugs in the heterogeneous carbonate reservoir and predict its gas production. In summary, the fractals expand the characterization method for the vugs and fractures in carbonate reservoirs and extend its new application in gas production prediction.
Hyperprolactinaemia in the context of psychiatry
Authors: Romain Karen , Fynes-Clinton Sarah , Harmer David , Kumar Manoj
Published: June 2020

Advocating for good physical healthcare for their patients is of the utmost importance to psychiatrists. This narrative review focuses on one part of this large goal, the topic of hyperprolactinaemia from the perspective of mental healthcare. For psychiatrists this often includes managing raised prolactin levels in the context of medication. However, they must consider the wider differentials of a raised prolactin level and the possible impact of treatments. For that reason, in this review we start with an overview of prolactin physiology before considering hyperprolactinaemia both in the context of antipsychotic therapy and its wider differentials, including prolactinoma. Investigation and management are considered and key practice points developed.
Oncologist Confidence in Genomic Testing and Implications for Using Multimarker Tumor Panel Tests in Practice
Authors: de Moor Janet S. , Gray Stacy W. , Mitchell Sandra A. , Klabunde Carrie N. , Freedman Andrew N.
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE

The evolution of precision oncology increasingly requires oncologists to incorporate genomic testing into practice. Yet, providers’ confidence with genomic testing is poorly documented. This article describes medical oncologists’ confidence with genomic testing and the association between genomic confidence and test use.

METHODS

We used data from the 2017 National Survey of Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment to characterize oncologists’ confidence with genomic testing. Genomic confidence was examined separately by type of test user: next-generation sequencing (NGS) only, gene expression (GE) only, both NGS and GE, or nonuser. Predictors of genomic confidence were examined with multinomial logistic regression. The association between genomic confidence and test use was examined with multivariable linear regression.

RESULTS

More than 75% of genomic test users were either moderately or very confident about using results from multimarker tumor panel tests to guide patient care. Confidence with using multimarker tumor panel tests was highest among both NGS and GE test users, with 60.1% very confident in using test results, and lowest among NGS-only test users, with 38.2% very confident in using test results. Oncologists were most confident in using single-gene tests and least confident in using whole-genome or -exome sequencing to guide patient care. Genomic confidence was positively associated with self-reported test use. In adjusted models, training in genomics, larger patient volume, and treating patients with solid tumors predicted higher genomic confidence. Onsite pathology services and receipt of electronic medical record alerts for genomic testing predicted lower genomic confidence.

CONCLUSION

Oncologists’ confidence varies by testing platform, patient volume, genomic training, and practice infrastructure. Research is needed to identify modifiable factors that can be targeted to enhance provider confidence with genomic testing.
Application of Principal Component Analysis to Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Lasarev Michael R , Bialk Eric R , Allen David B , Held Patrice K
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Newborn screening laboratories are challenged to develop reporting algorithms that accurately identify babies at increased risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). Screening algorithms typically use cutoff values for a key steroid(s) and include considerations for covariates, such as gestational age or birth weight, but false-positive and false-negative results are still too frequent, preventing accurate assessments. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical method that reduces high-dimensional data to a small number of components, capturing patterns of association that may be relevant to the outcome of interest. To our knowledge, PCA has not been evaluated in the newborn screening setting to determine whether it can improve the positive predictive value of 21OHD screening.

Methods

PCA was applied to a data set of 920 newborns with measured concentrations of 5 key steroids that are known to be perturbed in patients with 21OHD. A decision tree for the known outcomes (confirmed 21OHD cases and unaffected individuals) was created with 2 principal components as predictors. The effectiveness of the PCA-derived decision tree was compared with the current algorithm.

Results

PCA improved the positive predictive value of 21OHD screening from 20.0% to 66.7% in a retrospective study comparing the current algorithm to a tree-based algorithm using PCA-derived variables. The streamlined PCA-derived decision tree, comprising only 3 assessment points, greatly simplified the 21OHD reporting algorithm.

Conclusions

This first report of PCA applied to newborn screening for 21OHD demonstrates enhanced detection of affected individuals within the unaffected population.
Live for Me: Vicarious Experience and Aesthetic Education in The Ambassadors and Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
Authors: Attridge John
Published: June 2020

A capacity for vicarious experience is one of Lambert Strether's most celebrated characteristics, apparent not only in his famous injunction to Little Bilham to “live all you can,” but also in his more general attitude toward Chad Newsome's life in Paris, which he proposes, at one point, to regard as a substitute for his own youth. This incorrigible tendency to live his life through the experiences of others might seem to conflict with the goals of Bildung or aesthetic education, since, if nothing else, the experiences that constitute such an education ought surely to be one's own. But although the bildungsroman as a genre is often thought to be concerned with the formation of an individual subject, the concept of Bildung articulated by Goethe and his Weimar associates in the 1790s in fact assigns a particular importance to the idea of vicarious experience. In the archetypal bildungsroman, for instance, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, Wilhelm's education is not complete until he can see himself as a “representative of the species,” in Schiller's phrase, and thus seek consolation for his own limitations in the achievements of other human beings. In this perspective, James's portrait of a “man of imagination” whose education consists in imagining the experiences of others is not a deviation from the tradition of the bildungsroman but a realization of one of the genre's originary possibilities.
Morphological and functional development of the spiral intestine in cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame)
Authors: Honda Yuki , Takagi Wataru , Wong Marty K. S. , Ogawa Nobuhiro , Tokunaga Kotaro , Kofuji Kazuya , Hyodo Susumu
Published: June 2020

Cartilaginous fish have a comparatively short intestine known as the spiral intestine that is comprised of a helical spiral of intestinal mucosa. However, morphological and functional development of the spiral intestine is not well described. Unlike teleosts, cartilaginous fish are characterized by an extremely long developmental period in ovo or in utero for example; in the oviparous cloudy catshark (Schyliorhinus torazame), the developing fish remains inside the egg capsule for up to six months, suggesting that the embryonic intestine may become functional prior to hatch. In the present study, we describe the morphological and functional development of the spiral intestine in the developing catshark embryo. Spiral formation of embryonic intestine was completed at the middle of stage 31, prior to “pre-hatching”, which is a developmental event characterized by the opening of egg case occurring at the end of the first third of development. Within 48 hours after pre-hatching event, egg yolk began to flow from the external yolk sac into the embryonic intestine via the yolk stalk. At the same time, there was a rapid increase in mRNA expression of the peptide transporter pept1 and neutral amino acid transporter slc6a19. Secondary folds in the intestinal mucosa and microvilli on the apical membrane appeared after pre-hatching, further supporting the onset of nutrient absorption in the developing intestine at this time. We demonstrate the acquisition of intestinal nutrient absorption at the pre-hatching stage of an oviparous elasmobranch.
Infant behaviour and maternal adaptation after uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact for 1 hour following birth in northern Uganda
Authors: Svensson Kristin , Mbalinda Scovia , Nissen Eva , Odongkara Beatrice Mpora , Waiswa Peter , Hjelmstedt Anna
Published: June 2020

Background/aims

Uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact in the first hour after birth increases the chance of exclusive breastfeeding, a practice which improves health outcomes for both mothers and neonates. This study aimed to compare mother–infant pairs who had or did not have skin-to-skin contact 1 hour after birth and investigate infant behaviour and maternal adaptation as a result.

Methods

This study investigated the impact of skin-to-skin contact on a number of health indicators after birth of both mother and child. Two groups were included: 51 mother–infant pairs with skin-to-skin contact and 152 with no skin-to-skin contact, who were observed for 1 hour after birth. Mothers were interviewed at discharge and at 14 weeks postpartum about their sociodemographic background, ability to interpret their infant's signals and interaction with the infant, their own health and their infant's health and feeding. The Student's t-test and Chi squared test were used to assess the associations between the groups and sociodemographic characteristics. The Cramer's V test was used to assess the effect size for variable latch on. Factor analysis was conducted on statements from interviews on mothers' feelings regarding motherhood.

Results

More infants latched on in the skin-to-skin contact group and the first breastfeeding was more often directed by the infants, compared to the no skin-to-skin contact group. Mothers in the skin-to-skin contact group were less likely to need help to breastfeed and tended to be more confident that they could provide sufficient milk for their child. They were also more likely to breastfeed longer and took no initiative to supplement the infant during the hospital stay, while mothers in the non-skin-to-skin contact group did so. More mothers in the skin-to-skin contact group believed that their infant could comfort itself.

Conclusions

The results suggest benefits to uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact between mothers and newborns 1 hour after birth in regard to initiation of breastfeeding, intended time to breastfeed, maternal self-confidence and infant self-regulation. Interventions to promote skin-to-skin contact should be implemented in this setting.
A pain in the back… or is it something else?
Authors: Quiney Laura
Published: June 2020

Laura Quiney IMV imaging, discusses an evidence-based approach to investigating back pain in horses – a frequently encountered yet often difficult to diagnose condition
Decision making – what are the available options?
Authors: Tomlinson Emma
Published: June 2020

Emma Tomlinson MA VetMB MRCVS, Tomlinson Equine outlines what owners need to consider before breeding from their mares
Prosecutions in animal welfare reveal gap in law
Authors: Delve Su
Published: June 2020

Su Delve of World Horse Welfare, suggests what to consider when entrusting a horse to a sanctuary and, how steps should be taken to ensure continuity of future care
The overtreatment of type 2 diabetes in frail older people
Authors: Syed Hannah
Published: June 2020

With older patients at an increased risk of hypoglyceamia from intensive treatments of insulin and sulfonylureas, Hannah Syed examines how a patient-centred holistic method must be undertaken for older people living with diabetes

Intensive treatment with insulin and sulfonylureas in older people with low HbA1c (<53mmol/mol) can increase the risk of hypoglycaemia, morbidity and mortality. Older people, particularly those with frailty and/or comorbidities are less likely to benefit from the long-term protective effects of good glycaemic control and are often at risk of inappropriate polypharmacy. A person-centred holistic approach to diabetes management must be adapted for older people living with diabetes.
Common questions on emergency and postcoital contraception
Authors: Vaughan Alison J
Published: June 2020

There are a number of key questions that must be asked when considering the method of emergency or postcoital contraception to use. Alison J Vaughan examines these when choosing from the three treatments available in the UK

Copper IUD (CU-IUD), Levonorgestrel (LNG-EC), Ulipristal Acetate Emergency Contraception (UPA-EC) are the three methods of emergency contraception (EC) available in the UK. CU-IUD is the most effective method and must be offered to all women requesting emergency contraception and that offer documented in the record. UPA is more effective than LNG but the efficacy of UPA can be affected by on-going contraception, so is not always the ideal method for all women (see Figure 1 ). A consultation for EC offers the opportunity to discuss on going contraception and sexual health. Comprehensive evidence-led guidance can be found in the EC clinical guideline, published by the Clinical Effectiveness Committee of Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (FSRH) in 2017.
Opportunities for nurses in primary care networks: time to take the reins
Authors: Craig Lynn
Published: June 2020

The establishment of primary care networks provides opportunities for practice nurses. Lynn Craig explores how practice nurses can take leadership roles
Photonic realization of quantum resetting
Authors: Li Zheng-Da , Yin Xu-Fei , Wang Zizhu , Liu Li-Zheng , Zhang Rui , Zhang Yu-Zhe , Jiang Xiao , Zhang Jun , Li Li , Liu Nai-Le , Zhu Xiao-Bo , Xu Feihu , Chen Yu-Ao , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: June 2020

Contrary to the usual assumption of at least partial control of quantum dynamics, a surprising recent result proved that an arbitrary quantum state can be probabilistically reset to a state in the past by having it interact with probing systems in a consistent butuncontrolledway. We present a photonic implementation to achieve this resetting process, experimentally verifying that a state can be probabilistically reset to its past with a fidelity of0.870±0.012. We further demonstrate the preservation of an entangled state, which still violates a Bell inequality, after half of the entangled pair was reset. The ability to reset uncontrolled quantum states has implications in the foundations of quantum physics and applications in areas of quantum technology.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS ON THE BASIS OF INDUSTRIAL, RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POTENTIAL
Authors: Voronkova Olga
Published: June 2020

Attention to the problems of socio-economic development of rural areas by the official authorities, economists and the scientific community was mainly theoretical, sometimes point-practical. At the same time, rural poverty and high unemployment, the deterioration of the demographic situation, the reduction of the network of social infrastructure institutions in rural areas, which in combination has a negative impact on the reproduction of labor resources, a decrease in production, a high level of migration, have always been the problems of rural development in the country. In general, the sustainable development of rural areas is characterized, on the one hand, by external, the most important natural resource constraints that form a long-term perspective, and on the other — determine the possibility of socio-economic development of rural communities, economic entities, diversification of the economy of the territory, the formation of new activities, environmental management. This is a very wide range of problems, which in Russia and in a number of countries around the world is currently being considered from different positions.

The article deals with the problems of economic development of rural areas as the main factor of their sustainable development in the agricultural regions of Russia. The main resources of development of rural areas of the region are defined. The characteristic of clusters of agribusiness and tourism industry is given. It shows their points of growth, the channels of products realization of the cluster, the development of tourism and recreation.
On distinction of the reed species (Phragmites, Poaceae) according to the molecular phylogenetic data
Authors: Nosov N. N. , Gnutikov A. A. , Punina E. O. , Machs E. M. , Konechnaya G. Yu , Rodionov A. V.
Published: June 2020

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the marker sequences ITS and trnL–trnF of the Phragmites australis,P. altissimus, some putative hybrids between them and the sample of P. australis s. l. from Republic of Tuva was performed.ITS1 sequences of the sample from Tuva were studied by the New-generation sequencing method (NGS) revealingintragenomic polymorphism of the ITS sequences in allopolyploid species. We showed good differences betweenP. australis and P. altissimus in the ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 sequences by many single-nucleotide substitutions anddeletions, in particular, there is a 12 b.p. deletion. P. australis s. l. sample from Tuva (Hemchik river) demonstrates aseparate position on the phylogenetic tree. All reed species studied by us do not have significant differences between eachother according to the chloroplast sequences trnL–trnF.
Structural and functional needle features of Pinus sibirica Du Tour grafting depending on the ontogenetic age of the donor trees
Authors: Bender O. G. , Velisevich S. N.
Published: June 2020

The morpho-anatomical, photosynthetic and transpiration features of 1, 2, 3-year-old needles of the Pinussibirica Du Tour grafting were studied. Cuttings were taken from donor trees of different ontogenetic ages (juvenile,3–5 years; immature, 20–60 years; generative, 200–350 years and senile, 350–700 years) and grafted onto 5-year-old P.sibirica stocks. The maximum values of the length, needles cross-sectional area and the photosynthesis were identifiedfor two-year and three-year needles of senile grafts, generative and juvenile grafts were characterized by intermediatevalues of these parameters. The differences between the ontogenetic groups decreased in the current year needles. Thetranspiration rate decreased with the needles aging, but did not differ between ontogenetic groups.
Rare species of vascular plants in National Park “Chikoi” (Trans-Baikal Territory)
Authors: Popova О. А. , Leskov А. P. , Chashina N. А. , Shcheglova S. N. , Andrievskayа Е. А.
Published: June 2020

The article provides information on the results of the study of rare plant species, conducted in the NationalPark "Chikoi". Nineteen rare plant species included into the Red Data Book of Trans-Baikal Territory (2017) have beenfound. Three species of plants from Orchidaceae family (Cypripedium macranthon, Cypripedium calceolus, Neottiantecucullata) are included into Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (2008). It was a new occurrence of four species(Gagea hiensis, Phyllodoce cоеrulea, Rhodiola quadrifida, Rhodiola pinnatifida) among the nineteen rare plant speciesthat have been found on the territory of the National Park "Chikoi".
Taxonomic analysis of the family Rosaceae Juss. in flora of Khakassia
Authors: Sazanakova E. V. , Tupitsyna N. N.
Published: June 2020

The article presents the results of the authors’ long-term research (2011–2017), including the collection ofherbarium material in all regions of Khakassia, as well as accounting of materials of big Siberian herbaria (HGU, KRAS,NS, TK) and literary information. A taxonomic analysis of the family Rosaceae Juss. was performed for the first time forthe flora of Khakassia on the basis of the original synopsis, which includes 108 species from 26 genera. The taxonomicstructure of Rosaceae in Khakassia flora testifies to its relative autochthonous nature. The average number of species inthe genus is high – 4.2. This indicator is higher than the indicators for the entire flora of Khakassia – 3.24, for the floraof the northwestern part of the Altai-Sayan province – 3.5 (Alchemilla s. l.), for the flora of the Yenisei Sayans – 3.8,where autochthonous trends are noted. More than half of the species in the family (57) contain the genera Alchemilla andPotentilla, whose centers of speciation are located in mountain systems.
To the formation of the biodiversity of the Russian Far East
Authors: Urusov V. M. , Varchenko L. I.
Published: June 2020

Plants diversity and riches of specific floras in the Russia’s Far East is determined not only and not somuch by a modern ecotopes diversity, as by the expression in the stale of the limit of permafrost soils, by the spread ofconsolidated boreal-nemoral ecosystems, by the situation of the Holocene boundary, ancient and early Holocene, presenceof the "small" and “big” migratory ways promoted the savings of a vascular plants diversity (RSR) by all praterritory, andthe “bridges” of a land. These bridges provided, first, resettlement of plant species from the West in dry late Pleistocene,updating of floras by Daurian-Mongolian steppe species, secondly, by returning of the species lost in the cold periods dueto their migration from the south, from refuges, by presence of refuges from fire, and elementary pyrogenic degradationof flora and vegetation reduces RSR on the order. However to the north from 50º N. L. on continent and Sakhalin islandand with 46º N. L., from Urup island on the Greater Kuril Islands refuges and isolates for maintenance high RSR has novalue or even it reduces, preserving more cold-resistant and cold-loving flora. Poverty of flora of coasts of KamchatkaPeninsula is connected with this phenomenon.
Wild flora of the State Wildlife area «Gornenskiy» (Rostov region)
Authors: Shmarayeva A. N. , Shishlova Zh. N. , Fedyayeva V. V. , Kuzmenko I. P. , Yermolayeva O. Y.
Published: June 2020

The article gives a brief description of seed plants flora of the State Wildlife area «Gornenskiy» (GPZ«Gornenskiy»). The flora of Wildlife area includes 507 species from 70 families and 278 genera. Species of steppeecology are dominated in the flora, and the sinatropization index is 19.1 %. On the territory of the Wildlife area there arecoenopopulations of 28 species, included in the Red Lists of the Rostov Region and the Russian Federation, as well as 57species included in the IUCN Red List. Floristic representativeness of GPZ «Gornenskiy» in relation to flora of Rostovregion is 25.4 %.
Contribution to the hepatic flora of the ridge Khoridol Saridag (Northern Mongolia)
Authors: Enkhjargal E.
Published: June 2020

The research of moss on the ridge Khoridol Saridag in Northern Mongolia was conducted in 2006–2018.As a result of research in these areas we collected 40 samples of mosses. When processing the collected materials, 18hepatics belonging to 16 genera and 9 families were identified. Among these newly identified mosses for Prikhuvsuguldistrict, 10 species are recorded as new for the hepatic flora of Mongolia.
Impact of technogenic pollution on the pigment composition of birch leaves (Betula pendula Roth) in the urban conditions of Barnaul
Authors: Sokolova G. G.
Published: June 2020

The article considers the results of analysis of photosynthetic pigments сcontent (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids) in birch leaves growing along the roads of Barnaul. High level of pollution causes decrease inamount of chlorophyll a and b and a change in chlorophyll a/b ratio. Carotenoids act as a protective mechanism againstthe destruction of chlorophyll a molecules and organic substances. Their number increases during the growing season.
Comparative study of the leaf’s anatomical structure of some endemic species Umbelliferae family in Middle Asia
Authors: Khamraeva D. T.
Published: June 2020

This article presents the results of comparative study of leaf structure in species Komarovia anisosperma,Sphaerosciadium denaense, Kamelinia tianschanica, Korshinskya olgae и Autumnalia innopinata of the Apiaceae Lindlfamily. For the studied species, a close relationship between the anatomical structure of the leaf and environmental conditions has been revealed. The diagnostic leaf-blade features are: for Komarovia anisosperma, single layer of the palisadeparenchyma with tightly closed or in places loosely located rather elongated cells and the presence of 3 secretory ducts onthe abaxial side (under the central and marginal lateral vascular bundles); for Sphaerosciadium denaense, marginal partswrapped to adaxial side, 2(3) secretory ducts above the main bundle at the abaxial side, one larger at the adaxial side,above and below lateral bundles they locate one by one, and a single duct at the adaxial part of the leaf top; for Kamelinia tianschanica, two and above the central bundle three-layer palisades and the presence of a single secretory duct underthe central bundle; Korshinskya olgae, two-layer palisade and the presence on the abaxial side of 3 (4) secretory ducts (1or 2 large under the central and median lateral vascular bundles); Autumnalia innopinata, isopalisade mesophyll and thepresence of a 2–3-layer aquifer parenchyma.
Vitality and variability structure of Fragaria orientalis Losinsk.
Authors: Chemezova S. G. , Koryakina N. K. , Kardashevskaya V. E.
Published: June 2020

The structure of vitality and variability of morphological features Fragaria orientalis Losinsk has beenstuding in Central Yakutia for two years. 29 morphological parameters of the species have been analyzed. By the ratioof the indicators of general variability and the coefficient of determination, 4 indicators were identified: ecologicalbiological, biological, taxonomic, and ecological.
Preservation of rare plant species using biotechnological methods in MBG RAS
Authors: Molkanova O. I. , Gorbunov Yu. N. , Shirnina I. V. , Egorova D. A.
Published: June 2020

The creation of rare plant species collections in vitro is one form of natural flora protection and effectivemethod of ex situ gene pool conservation. The results of introducing in vitro more than 80 rare plant species from the RedBook of Russia are summarized. The clonal micropropagation protocols allowing to obtain a sufficient plants number inorder to restore natural populations and preserve rare plant species were developed. The conditions for a long deposit havebeen specified. The optimal explant types for long-term conservation in vitro were determined for plants of different lifeforms: shoot fragments containing one or two metameres for woody and semi-woody plants, renewal buds for herbaceousplants, bulbils or their segments for bulbous plants.
In vitro scaling of Tagetes patula L. root culture
Authors: Khlebova L. P. , Brovko E. S.
Published: June 2020

The features of the in vitro accumulation of biomass of Tagetes patula L. root culture in the process ofscaling under laboratory conditions in different volumes of the nutrient medium and culture vessels were studied. It wasrevealed that the growth pattern of the hairy roots line and its morphology depend on the volume of the incubation vessel.The pattern of increasing the growth rate and lengthening of the growth cycle of the culture in larger flasks (up to 500 ml)was established.