bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney Androgen-Regulated Protein (KAP) Transgenic Mice Are Protected Against High-Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: de Quixano Beatriz Bardaji , Villena Josep A. , Aranda Miguel , Brils Gemma , Cuevas Antoni , Hespel Théana , Lekuona Haizea , Súarez Cristina , Tornavaca Olga , Meseguer Anna
Published: November 2017

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is reaching epidemic proportions with significant social and economical burden worldwide. Since the molecular basis of MS remains poorly defined, we investigated the impact of KAP, a kidney specific androgen-regulated gene, in the development of high fat-diet (hfd)-induced MS. Tg mice overexpressing KAP specifically in proximal tubule cells of the kidney exhibited reduced body weight and lower liver and adipose tissue weight compared to control littermates when fed a hfd. KAP Tg mice showed diminished adipocyte hypertrophy and reduced hepatic steatosis, significantly correlating with expression of relevant molecular markers and lower lipid content in liver. KAP transgenic were protected from hfd-induced insulin resistance, increased blood pressure and exhibited lower IL-6 serum levels and diminished expression of inflammatory markers in the adipose. Moreover, KAP was localized in the secretory pathway of proximal tubule cells and it is released to the extracellular media, preventing IL-6 induction and STAT-3 activation upon TNFα stimulation. We conclude that KAP, which might act as a hormone-like product in extra-renal tissues, protects Tg mice against hfd-induced MS by preventing inflammatory related events that are mediated, in part, through the IL-6 pathway.
Neuroprotective Therapies for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Cruz Yolanda , Cantu-Saldaña Karla , Ibarra Antonio
Published: November 2017

Stroke morbidity and mortality rates have been increasing over recent years, mainly in low-income countries, which, according to the World Health Organization, account for 80% of cases, owing to the fact that there has been an increase in the prevalence of associated risk factors, mainly atherosclerosis. Since neurological outcomes depend on the method and timeframe in which the patient is treated, the study of new and better pharmacological treatments and preventive therapies is of great importance. Different mechanisms of damage are involved in the evolution of the ischemic lesion, and each one represents a target for treatment. In line with this, therapeutic strategies should be developed with the aim of inhibiting one or some of these damaging mechanisms, including those arising from the initial lack of oxygen and glucose delivery, up to the immune response observed after stroke. The ultimate aim of treatment should be to reduce morbidity and mortality and, most importantly, to improve patients’ quality of life by inducing neuroprotection and generating neural recovery in an effort to reduce inferior neurological outcomes and permanent disabilities.
Identification of MicroRNAs as Targets for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Stary Creed M. , Bell Josh D. , Eun Cho Jang , Giffard Rona G.
Published: November 2017

Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability with few treatment options. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. They have important potential applications as biomarkers for stroke severity and outcome, as well as presenting unique possibilities for interventions to minimize injury and improve recovery and outcome following stroke. MiRs function by binding messenger RNAs (mRNA) and silencing translation of target genes. Endogenous miR expression levels change in response to stress, and they can be altered by application of exogenous nucleotides—miR mimics—to increase or inhibitors to decrease levels of specific miRs. By virtue of their relatively short binding sequences, a single miR can simultaneously modulate numerous related gene targets. As miR expression can be cell-type specific, miRs can also be used to target specific brain cell types, such as microglia and astrocytes, which helps determine neuronal cell fate following stress. MiR-based therapeutics may therefore provide a novel approach to the development of effective therapeutics for ischemic stroke.
Advanced Approaches in Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Gorodinsky A.
Published: November 2017

Brain damage from stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability, but the existing therapeutic options are limited, and hundreds of thousands of people annually worldwide are left in a chronically debilitated state. Experimental studies of stem cell (SC) therapy of stroke and TBI produced promising results, revealed molecular mechanisms of SC therapeutic effects and led to the first clinical trials. In this chapter, the sources and types of SCs, the experimental data accumulated in preclinical studies and the results and perspectives of clinical trials of SC therapy of stroke and TBI will be reviewed.
Difficulties in Clinical Trials to Treat Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke
Authors: Lagares Alfonso , de Toledo María
Published: November 2017

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite major advances in the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms determining brain injury in stroke and TBI, the history of clinical translation of experimentally successful trials of neuroprotective drugs is plagued with failures. Although with certain differences, the reasons for the failures of clinical trials are similar, from insufficient data on animal experiments and too many assumptions in translation to insufficient acknowledgement and control of clinical heterogeneity, poor data handling and standardization and restricted outcome measurement and analysis. Realization of these reasons with improved experimental conception and testing of the potentially active compound, including the use of different strains, sexes, models and outcome analyses, with replication of preclinical data in different laboratories, as well as better planning and analysis of clinical trials, could finally allow the development of an effective therapeutic strategy.
Challenges in Using Biomarkers in Central Nervous System Applications
Authors: Dambinova Svetlana A. , Weissman Joseph D. , Mullins John D.
Published: November 2017

Essential aspects of brain biomarker design and selection, feasibility study and translational research are described. Requirements in sample choice, preparations, storage issues, and testing drawbacks are examined as well. Careful planning in brain biomarkers testing in biological fluids might help avoid omissions, save time, fulfill tasks, and move the initial discovery of candidate biomarkers into practice.
Development of Novel Test Platforms for the Assessment of Brain Injury
Authors: Izykenova Galina A. , Baldwin Richard , Oldenburg Steven J.
Published: November 2017

The development of successful laboratory testing directed towards the identification of brain biomarkers in biological fluids is presented in this chapter. Highlighted is a roadmap for immunoassays measuring antigens–peptides and antibodies to assess brain injury. The choice of unique reagents, assay design, and platform is described in order to build laboratory and point-of-care tests with high performance characteristics.
Fast selective trapping and release of picoliter droplets in a 3D microfluidic PDMS multi-trap system with bubbles
Authors: Rambach Richard W. , Biswas Preetika , Yadav Ashutosh , Garstecki Piotr , Franke Thomas
Published: November 2017

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) induces a bubble in a 3D designed multi-trap polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device for the selection, incubation and on-demand release of aqueous droplets from a continuous oil flow.
Lysozyme-stabilized bimetallic gold/silver nanoclusters as a turn-on fluorescent probe for determination of ascorbic acid and acid phosphatase
Authors: Pang Shu , Liu Siyu
Published: November 2017

Bimetallic gold/silver nanoclusters were synthesized in aqueous solution with lysozyme as a stabilizing and reducing agent.
A meta-selective-C–H alkenylation of phenol-derivatives employing a traceless organosilicon template
Authors: Mi Rui-Jie , Sun Jing , Kühn Fritz E. , Zhou Ming-Dong , Xu Zhaoqing
Published: November 2017

A traceless organosilicon template-directed meta-selective-C–H alkenylation of phenols was realized with good yields and high selectivities.
A domain-based DNA circuit for smart single-nucleotide variant identification
Authors: Zhong Weiye , Tang Weiyang , Fan Jin , Zhang Junmin , Zhou Xuechang , Liu Yizhen
Published: November 2017

By constructing a domain-based 4-to-2 encoder, we have realized the smart identification of SNVs from four homologous strands with one test instead of four, greatly enhancing the identification efficiency.
Advances in single quantum dot-based nanosensors
Authors: Hu Juan , Wang Zi-yue , Li Chen-chen , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: November 2017

We review the advances in single quantum dot-based nanosensors and their biomedical applications. We highlight their challenges and future direction.
Assembly of protonated mesoporous carbon nitrides with co-catalytic [Mo3S13]2− clusters for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Guo Fangsong , Hou Yidong , Asiri A. M. , Wang Xinchen
Published: November 2017

Protonated ordered mesoporous carbon nitride acts as a host scaffold that forms an assembly with anionic [Mo3S13]2− clusters by taking advantage of electrostatic interactions to construct an artificial photosynthetic architecture for hydrogen production with visible light.
Highlights from the Faraday Discussion: Bio-resources: Feeding a Sustainable Chemical Industry, 19–21 June 2017, London, UK
Authors: Brandt-Talbot Agnieszka , Weigand Lisa
Published: November 2017

This discussion addresses a rapidly expanding, interdisciplinary field of research: developing technologies that enable the transformation of the chemical industry from a fossil fuel dominated industry into a renewable industry.
Facile synthesis and heteroepitaxial growth mechanism of Au@Cu core–shell bimetallic nanocubes probed by first-principles studies
Authors: Wang Changshun , Li Junlong , Lou Yeke , Kan Caixia , Zhu Yan , Feng Xiaoqin , Ni Yuan , Xu Haiying , Shi Daning , Wei Xinyuan
Published: November 2017

This work provided a facile strategy for the synthesis of Au@Cu core–shell nanostructures. The proposed growth mechanism was probed by a first-principles investigation.
Non-interpenetrated Cu-based MOF constructed from a rediscovered tetrahedral ligand
Authors: Patil Komal M. , Telfer Shane G. , Moratti Stephen C. , Qazvini Omid T. , Hanton Lyall R.
Published: November 2017

A stable non-interpenetrated MOF, UOF-1 (UOF = University of Otago framework), was made by combining the rigid tetrahedral tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)adamantane (L) ligand and copper(ii) paddle-wheel SBU. This low-density open framework displayed excellent selectivity for CO2 over N2 at practical operating conditions.
Preparation, properties, formation mechanisms, and cytotoxicity of calcium oxalate monohydrate with various morphologies
Authors: Sun Xin-Yuan , Zhang Chong-Yu , Bhadja Poonam , Ouyang Jian-Ming
Published: November 2017

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals with various morphologies, such as elliptical, hexagonal, peanut-like, spherical and flower-like structures with a size of about 10 μm, were prepared through varying the reactant concentration, stirring speed, reaction temperature, and additive.
Towards a dissociative SPC-like water model – probing the impact of intramolecular Coulombic contributions
Authors: Wiedemair Martin J. , Hofer Thomas S.
Published: November 2017

A modification of the dissociative Garofalini water model towards an SPC-like Coulombic formulation proved to enhance accuracy and transferability of this successful force field approach.
Ultrathin nickel hydroxide on carbon coated 3D-porous copper structures for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Kang Kyeong-Nam , Kim Ik-Hee , Ramadoss Ananthakumar , Kim Sun-I , Yoon Jong-Chul , Jang Ji-Hyun
Published: November 2017

Ultrahigh rate capability, cycle stability, and high energy density supercapacitors supported by the three-dimensional (3D) carbon coated copper structure.
Amino acid based gallium-68 chelators capable of radiolabeling at neutral pH
Authors: Price Thomas W. , Gallo Juan , Kubíček Vojtěch , Böhmová Zuzana , Prior Timothy J. , Greenman John , Hermann Petr , Stasiuk Graeme J.
Published: November 2017

Herein we show a flexible synthesis for bifunctional chelators based on amino acids that rapidly complex 68Ga under physiological conditions.
Improving the SMM and luminescence properties of lanthanide complexes with LnO9cores in the presence of ZnII: an emissive Zn2Dy single ion magnet
Authors: Fondo Matilde , Corredoira-Vázquez Julio , Herrera-Lanzós Antía , García-Deibe Ana M. , Sanmartín-Matalobos Jesús , Herrera Juan Manuel , Colacio Enrique , Nuñez Cristina
Published: November 2017

Comparison of the behaviour of Zn2Dy and Tb, Dy and Er complexes demonstrates that the magnetic and luminiscent properties improve in the presence of Zn, the Zn2Dy complex being a fluorescent SIM.
C–S bond induced ultrafine SnS2 dot/porous g-C3N4 sheet 0D/2D heterojunction: synthesis and photocatalytic mechanism investigation
Authors: Zhu Anquan , Qiao Lulu , Jia Ziqi , Tan Pengfei , Liu Yi , Ma Yongjin , Pan Jun
Published: November 2017

A C–S bond induced novel ultrafine SnS2 dot/porous g-C3N4 sheet 0D/2D heterojunction for enhanced carrier separation and photocatalytic activities was developed.
NO˙ disproportionation by a {RhNO}9pincer-type complex
Authors: Gaviglio Carina , Pellegrino Juan , Milstein David , Doctorovich Fabio
Published: November 2017

NO˙ disproportionation by the pincer-type complex [Rh(PCPtBu)(NO)]˙ (1˙) results in the formation of Rh(PCPtBu)(NO)(NO2) (2) with coordinated nitrite and quantitative release of N2O.
A stable 3 V all-solid-state sodium–ion battery based on a closo-borate electrolyte
Authors: Duchêne L. , Kühnel R.-S. , Stilp E. , Cuervo Reyes E. , Remhof A. , Hagemann H. , Battaglia C.
Published: November 2017

We report on a particularly stable 3 V all-solid-state sodium–ion battery built using a closo-borate based electrolyte, namely Na2(B12H12)0.5(B10H10)0.5.
Versatile soy protein films and hydrogels by the incorporation of β-chitin from squid pens (Loligosp.)
Authors: Garrido Tania , Etxabide Alaitz , de la Caba Koro , Guerrero Pedro
Published: November 2017

The potential of β-chitin as reinforcement for protein materials processed by dry methods in order to widen its applications as films and hydrogels.
A derivatisation agent selection guide
Authors: Tobiszewski Marek , Namieśnik Jacek , Pena-Pereira Francisco
Published: November 2017

The study reported herein is aimed at the greenness assessment of 267 derivatisation agents that are frequently applied in analytical chemistry and related disciplines.
An approach to C–N activation: coupling of arenesulfonyl hydrazides and arenesulfonyl chlorides withtert-aminesviaa metal-, oxidant- and halogen-free anodic oxidation
Authors: Sheykhan M. , Khani S. , Abbasnia M. , Shaabanzadeh S. , Joafshan M.
Published: November 2017

tert-Amines were harnessed to afford arenesulfonyl hydrazides and arenesulfonyl chloridesviaa metal-, oxidant- and halogen-free electrochemical oxidative coupling in an undivided cell at RT.
Quantification of labile and stable non-polar arsenolipids in commercial fish meals and edible seaweed samples
Authors: Pétursdóttir Ásta H. , Rodrigues de Jesus Jessica , Gunnlaugsdóttir Helga , Feldmann Jörg
Published: November 2017

The importance of sample preparation for arsenolipid speciation is highlighted as the order of sequential extraction revealed labile non-polar arsenolipids likely due to species transformation.
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro screening of a nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/Euryale ferox nanoensemble – an inimitable approach for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Shakir Mohammad , Mirza Sumbul , Jolly Reshma , Rauf Ahmar , Owais Mohammad
Published: November 2017

In order to explore novel synthetic bone scaffolds, a biomimmetic, osteoinductive, tricomposite scaffold has been synthesized incorporating Euryale ferox (EF) with nano-hydroxyapatite and chitosan.
Strain relaxation and ambipolar electrical transport in GaAs/InSb core–shell nanowires
Authors: Rieger Torsten , Zellekens Patrick , Demarina Natalia , Hassan Ali Al , Hackemüller Franz Josef , Lüth Hans , Pietsch Ullrich , Schäpers Thomas , Grützmacher Detlev , Lepsa Mihail Ion
Published: November 2017

The growth, crystal structure, strain relaxation and room temperature transport characteristics of GaAs/InSb core–shell nanowires grown using molecular beam epitaxy are investigated.
Efficient two-photon luminescence for cellular imaging using biocompatible nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots conjugated with polymers
Authors: Wu Ping-Ching , Wang Jiu-Yao , Wang Wen-Lung , Chang Chia-Yuan , Huang Chia-Hung , Yang Kun-Lin , Chang Jui-Cheng , Hsu Chih-Li Lilian , Chen Shih-Yao , Chou Ting-Mao , Kuo Wen-Shuo
Published: November 2017

N-doped GQDs conjugated with polymers demonstrate impressive two-photon properties and stability, and can be used as a contrast agent in deep tissue bioimaging.
Blackening of aza-BODIPY analogues by simple dimerization: panchromatic absorption of a pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY dimer
Authors: Kage Yuto , Mori Shigeki , Ide Marina , Saeki Akinori , Furuta Hiroyuki , Shimizu Soji
Published: November 2017

Dimerization of the so-called pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY via a bithienyl linkage led to the creation of a novel black dye with dual emission and panchromatic absorption properties in the Vis/NIR region.
Removal of Cu(ii) from aqueous solution using Fe3O4–alginate modified biochar microspheres
Authors: Yu Changjiang , Wang Miao , Dong Xinyu , Shi Zaifeng , Zhang Xiaopeng , Lin Qiang
Published: November 2017

Magnetic microspheres (MM) were prepared using calcium alginate (CA) encapsulated biochar (BC) and Fe3O4 as a high-performance green absorbent for Cu(ii) removal from aqueous solution.
Controllable fabrication of Ag-nanoplate-decorated PAN-nanopillar arrays and their application in surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Li Zhongbo , Du Zhaofang , Sun Kexi , He Xuan , Chen Bensong
Published: November 2017

This article demonstrates a controllable and low-cost fabrication approach to large-scale flexible films with one side consisting of ordered and vertically aligned Ag-nanoplates assembled PAN-nanopillar arrays with high-density and uniform hot spots.
Sequential solvent fractionation of lignin for selective production of monoaromatics by Ru catalyzed ethanolysis
Authors: Kim Jae-Young , Park Shin Young , Lee Jae Hoon , Choi In-Gyu , Choi Joon Weon
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of lignin structure, especially its average molecular weight (Mw) on the distribution of catalytically depolymerized products.
Retraction: Spatially resolved mechanical properties of photo-responsive azobenzene-based supramolecular gels
Authors: Mun Gyuri , Choi Heekyoung , Im Nayoung , Ahn Junho , Park Jaehyeon , Seo Hyowon , Choi Yeonweon , Lee Ji Ha , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: November 2017

Retraction of ‘Spatially resolved mechanical properties of photo-responsive azobenzene-based supramolecular gels’ by Gyuri Mun et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 26827–26833.
One-step mild biorefinery of functional biomolecules from microalgae extracts
Authors: Desai Rupali K. , Monteillet Hélène , Li Xiaohua , Schuur Boelo , Kleijn J. Mieke , Leermakers Frans A. M. , Wijffels Rene H. , Eppink Michel H. M.
Published: November 2017

Fractionation of complex matrices such as biomass into diverse functional biomolecules without disrupting the biomolecule functionalities is a real challenge.
Synthesis and electrokinetics of cationic spherical nanoparticles in salt-free non-polar media
Authors: Smith Gregory N. , Mears Laura L. E. , Rogers Sarah E. , Armes Steven P.
Published: November 2017

The electrokinetics of cationic sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles prepared in salt-free non-polar media depend on whether the charge is located in the stabilizer shell or in the nanoparticle core.
Dye-sensitized electron transfer from TiO2 to oxidized triphenylamines that follows first-order kinetics
Authors: DiMarco Brian N. , Troian-Gautier Ludovic , Sampaio Renato N. , Meyer Gerald J.
Published: November 2017

Two sensitizers, [Ru(bpy)2(dcb)]2+ (RuC) and [Ru(bpy)2(dpb)]2+ (RuP), were anchored to mesoporous TiO2 thin films and utilized to sensitize the reaction of TiO2 electrons with oxidized triphenylamines to visible light in CH3CN electrolytes.
Statistical Learning in Specific Language Impairment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lammertink Imme , Boersma Paul , Wijnen Frank , Rispens Judith
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The current meta-analysis provides a quantitative overview of published and unpublished studies on statistical learning in the auditory verbal domain in people with and without specific language impairment (SLI). The database used for the meta-analysis is accessible online and open to updates (Community-Augmented Meta-Analysis), which facilitates the accumulation and evaluation of previous and future studies on statistical learning in this domain.

Method

A systematic literature search identified 10 unique experiments examining auditory verbal statistical learning in 213 participants with SLI and 363 without SLI, aged between 6 and 19 years. Data from qualifying studies were extracted and converted to Hedges'
g
effect sizes.

Results

The overall standardized mean difference between participants with SLI and participants without SLI was 0.54, which was significantly different from 0 (
p
< .001, 95% confidence interval [0.36, 0.71]).

Conclusion

Together, the results of our meta-analysis indicate a robust difference between people with SLI and people without SLI in their detection of statistical regularities in the auditory input. The detection of statistical regularities is, on average, not as effective in people with SLI compared with people without SLI. The results of this meta-analysis are congruent with a statistical learning deficit hypothesis in SLI.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5558074
Direct train‐to‐train communications at low UHF frequencies
Authors: Lehner Andreas , Strang Thomas , Unterhuber Paul
Published: November 2017

Fundamental modernisation of railway transportation is on the agenda of the next generation train project funded by the German Aerospace Center DLR as well as the Roll2Rail project within the Shift2Rail initiative. Reliable direct train‐to‐train (T2T) communication can significantly enhance train control and signalling towards semi‐ or fully autonomous operation, in order to significantly increase the efficiency and safety. With terrestrial trunked radio a communication standard is available with high potential for this use‐case. It offers the ability of direct communications between vehicles, i.e. ad hoc communications over several kilometres. The authors summarise the results of T2T measurements conducted at 450 MHz. The authors will characterise the propagation conditions and assess the link performance by analysing transmissions in different scenarios and railway environments.
DC–DC autotransformer with un‐interrupted operating capability during DC fault
Authors: Li Mengbo , Xiang Wang , Zuo Wenping , Yao Liangzhong , Lin Weixing , Wen Jinyu
Published: November 2017

This study proposed a novel type of DC/DC converter, termed as un‐interrupted DC autotransformer (DC AUTO), which has capability to ride through various kinds of DC fault without blocking any devices. Firstly, the working principles and the corresponding design procedures of the un‐interrupted DC AUTO are illustrated. Then an effective control strategy is proposed to enable steady operation during both normal time and faulted condition. Finally, a 1000 MW ± 320 kV/ ± 640 kV test system is built on PSCAD/EMTDC platform to testify the technical feasibility of the proposed converter and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Design of micro‐automatic weather station for modern power grid based on STM32
Authors: Li Hao , Ochani Manesh Kumar , Zhang Hengxu , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2017

With the rapid growth of renewable energy resources over the past few years, the analysis and control of modern power systems are becoming more and more complex. Meteorological information has been regarded as the basic data to help operators handle the problems brought by renewable energy. Thus, the concept of micro‐automatic weather station was proposed to meet the needs of modern power grid analysis and control. Based on the STM32 controller and meteorological sensors, the hardware and server software of the micro‐automatic weather station are designed and developed, which can monitor wind speed, wind direction, light intensity, temperature and humidity of surroundings atmosphere. All real‐time meteorological data together with geographic information offered by Global Positioning System are sent to the base station via wireless General Packet Radio Service network, the networked data are analysed in the server. The real experiment showed that weather station can run smoothly in the natural environment, providing accurate and real‐time meteorological data for users. Consequently, micro‐automatic weather station makes it possible for researchers to get a large amount of meteorological information at a low price in a short term.
Distribution network reliability investment effectiveness evaluation based on defect data mining
Authors: Liu Keyan , Liu Yangtao , Hu Lijuan , Du Songhuai , Su Juan
Published: November 2017

Distribution network investment benefit assessment affects the future power grid planning directly. Reasonable distribution network investment benefit evaluation plays an important role in real power grid construction. In this study, an improved term frequency‐inverse document frequency algorithm is proposed aimed at the reliability investment and reliability index of the distribution network based on the existing reliability defect text data. Especially the irrelevance between planned outage data and the investment data of reliability enhancement measures during the construction of the distribution network. The algorithm extends the key words of the classifier by synonyms and weighs the weight of the short text. It firstly solves the problem that many information fields in the professional field are neglected in the training set and then solves the influence of the feature length on the expression of the category theme. After the improved algorithm to deal with the defect text, the ‘power outage content basic thesaurus’ is formed. Through the semantic mapping relation, the semantic mapping table of keyword and reliability investment project is established, and the relationship between reliability investment and reliability of each distribution network is obtained. Finally, the model of the reliability investment of the distribution network considering the pre‐arranged power outage is established. Finally, taking the reliability data of a region as an example, the investment benefit is evaluated and the validity and practicability of the model are verified.
DC STATCOM in multi‐terminal DC distribution power system
Authors: Chen Dong , Xu Lie , Xu Yan
Published: November 2017

Medium‐power DC network is supposed to be able to enhance the operation of active power distribution system. The concept of ‘DC STATCOM’ is introduced to enable better dynamic performance with reduced DC fault current in an expanded DC power system. Virtual impedance method is employed to analyse the dynamics and design the control. To cope with the oscillation problem brought by constant‐power terminal, a hybrid virtual impedance‐based control strategy is used for the proposed DC STATCOM. Simulation based case studies validate the proposed conditioning method with reduced DC voltage oscillations and improved system stability.
Emulating the features of conventional generator with virtual synchronous generator technology: an overview
Authors: Kong Xiangping , Pan Jingjuan , Gong Xinyue , Li Peng
Published: November 2017

With the quick development of large‐scale power electronic technology, more and more power electronic devices have been put into operation. However, the integration of large‐scale power electronic devices makes the inertia and damping ratio of the power systems reduce, and has adverse impact on the safe and stable operation of the power systems. The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology can make the power electronic device emulate the inertia and damping feature of conventional synchronous generator (SG), which provides effective solution to address the issues of the power systems with large‐scale power electronic devices. The basic principle of VSG is introduced in this paper, and the application prospective of VSG technology in integration of PV generators and wind power generators, power electronic transformer and flexible ac and dc transmission is discussed. Finally, the focuses of the future study of VSG technology are put forward.
Research on transformer winding for deformation fault diagnosis based on K ‐fault diagnosis method
Authors: Lin Junjie , Chen Huizhe , Gao Xinyue
Published: November 2017

Transformer is a vital power equipment to pass and transform energy in power system. Here, K ‐fault diagnosis method is presented as a new preventive way to detect radial displacement of transformer windings when it is unable to move the cover of the transformer. With the aid of ANSOFT MAXWELL simulation platform, three‐dimensional (3D) simulation model for the test high‐voltage winding consisted of 14 discs with 18 turns per disc has been built firstly. Parameters of components in ladder equivalent model of transformer winding can be calculated by using 3D finite‐element method. Both establishing ladder equivalent circuit model and acquiring FRA curves can be completed through PSPICE simulation platform. Secondly, change parameters of transformer fault component into fault current uniformly. Meanwhile, limit the number of failures in k or less in the network. If the node fault current is not zero, the corresponding branch is fault. Thirdly, calculate the actual change value to locate the fault component. Finally, obtain the deformation of the fault components with the help of computer operation. Based on the results, it can be concluded that K ‐fault diagnosis method can detect the radial displacement of the winding when the number of fault locations is no more than 2.
Analysis of HDT control systems
Authors: Liu Yibin , Liang Deliang , Wang Qingshan , Chen Qixu , Liang Zhe
Published: November 2017

Hybrid distribution transformer (HDT) has a powerful controllability, which is a quite significant device for the intelligentisation of the future distribution network. A practical circuit topology of HDT is proposed, and the mathematical model in static three‐phase coordinates is established, and then the grid current and load voltage control systems are built with proportional–integral (PI) controllers; thus, the sinusoidal grid current, unity power factor and steady load voltage can be realised. To decrease the steady‐state error, the compound control systems are established, for which the feed‐forward of control‐winding voltage, load current, convert‐side winding current and grid voltage are added into the grid current and load voltage control system. A simple method for setting the PI controller parameters based on the frequency response of the closed‐loop system and the bode diagram of the open‐loop system is proposed. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the compound control system.
Large disturbance stability evaluation of interconnected multi‐inverter power grids with VSG model
Authors: Wang Keyou , Qi Chen , Huang Xin , Li Guojie
Published: November 2017

The virtual rotor angle stability of interconnected multi‐inverter power grids with virtual synchronous generator (VSG) model is studied under large disturbance. According to the VSG regulation scheme, its electromechanical dynamic model is derived. A Lyapunov like energy function candidate of the power system with VSG‐controlled inverters is constructed to adopt the transient energy function method. After system large disturbances, the critical clearing times are obtained through potential energy boundary surface method and also verified through time‐domain simulations. Furthermore, the impacts of virtual control parameters on system behaviours are also discussed and demonstrated through simulations.
Evidence for non-axisymmetry in M 31 from wide-field
kinematics of stars and gas
Authors: Opitsch M. , Fabricius M. H. , Saglia R. P. , Bender R. , Blaña M. , Gerhard O.
Published: November 2017

Aim. As the nearest large spiral galaxy, M 31 provides a unique opportunity to study the structure and evolutionary history of this galaxy type in great detail. Among the many observing programs aimed at M 31 are microlensing studies, which require good three-dimensional models of the stellar mass distribution. Possible non-axisymmetric structures like a bar need to be taken into account. Due to M 31’s high inclination, the bar is difficult to detect in photometry alone. Therefore, detailed kinematic measurements are needed to constrain the possible existence and position of a bar in M 31.

Methods. We obtained ≈220 separate fields with the optical integral-field unit spectrograph VIRUS-W, covering the whole bulge region of M 31 and parts of the disk. We derived stellar line-of-sight velocity distributions from the stellar absorption lines, as well as velocity distributions and line fluxes of the emission lines Hβ, [O III] and [N I]. Our data supersede any previous study in terms of spatial coverage and spectral resolution.

Results. We find several features that are indicative of a bar in the kinematics of the stars, we see intermediate plateaus in the velocity and the velocity dispersion, and correlation between the higher moment h3 and the velocity. The gas kinematics is highly irregular, but is consistent with non-triaxial streaming motions caused by a bar. The morphology of the gas shows a spiral pattern, with seemingly lower inclination than the stellar disk. We also look at the ionization mechanisms of the gas, which happens mostly through shocks and not through starbursts.
Open clusters
Authors: Aidelman Y. , Cidale L. S. , Zorec J. , Panei J. A.
Published: November 2017

Context.Stellar physical properties of star clusters are poorly known and the cluster parameters are often very uncertain.

Aims.Our goals are to perform a spectrophotometric study of the B star population in open clusters to derive accurate stellar parameters, search for the presence of circumstellar envelopes, and discuss the characteristics of these stars.

Methods.The BCD spectrophotometric system is a powerful method to obtain stellar fundamental parameters from direct measurements of the Balmer discontinuity. To this end, we wrote the interactive code MIDE3700. The BCD parameters can also be used to infer the main properties of open clusters: distance modulus, color excess, and age. Furthermore, we inspected the Balmer discontinuity to provide evidence for the presence of circumstellar disks and identify Be star candidates. We used an additional set of high-resolution spectra in the Hαregion to confirm the Be nature of these stars.

Results.We provideTeff, logg,Mv,Mbol, and spectral types for a sample of 68 stars in the field of the open clusters NGC 6087, NGC 6250, NGC 6383, and NGC 6530, as well as the cluster distances, ages, and reddening. Then, based on a sample of 230 B stars in the direction of the 11 open clusters studied along this series of three papers, we report 6 new Be stars, 4 blue straggler candidates, and 15 B-type stars (called Bdd) with a double Balmer discontinuity, which indicates the presence of circumstellar envelopes. We discuss the distribution of the fraction of B, Be, and Bdd star cluster members per spectral subtype. The majority of the Be stars are dwarfs and present a maximum at the spectral type B2-B4 in young and intermediate-age open clusters (<40 Myr). Another maximum of Be stars is observed at the spectral type B6-B8 in open clusters older than 40 Myr, where the population of Bdd stars also becomes relevant. The Bdd stars seem to be in a passive emission phase.

Conclusions.Our results support previous statements that the Be phenomenon is present along the whole main sequence band and occurs in very different evolutionary states. We find clear evidence of an increase of stars with circumstellar envelopes with cluster age. The Be phenomenon reaches its maximum in clusters of intermediate age (10–40 Myr) and the number of B stars with circumstellar envelopes (Be plus Bdd stars) is also high for the older clusters (40–100 Myr).
The AMBRE project: The thick thin disk and thin thick disk of the Milky Way
Authors: Hayden M. R. , Recio-Blanco A. , de Laverny P. , Mikolaitis S. , Worley C. C.
Published: November 2017

We analyze 494 main sequence turnoff and subgiant stars from the AMBRE:HARPS survey. These stars have accurate astrometric information from Gaia DR1, providing reliable age estimates with relative uncertainties of ±1 or 2 Gyr and allowing precise orbital determinations. The sample is split based on chemistry into a low-[Mg/Fe] sequence, which are often identified as thin disk stellar populations, and high-[Mg/Fe] sequence, which are often associated with thick disk stellar populations. We find that the high-[Mg/Fe] chemical sequence has extended star formation for several Gyr and is coeval with the oldest stars of the low-[Mg/Fe] chemical sequence: both the low- and high-[Mg/Fe] sequences were forming stars at the same time. We find that the high-[Mg/Fe] stellar populations are only vertically extended for the oldest, most-metal poor and highest [Mg/Fe] stars. When comparing vertical velocity dispersion for the low- and high-[Mg/Fe] sequences, the high-[Mg/Fe] sequence has lower vertical velocity dispersion than the low-[Mg/Fe] sequence for stars of similar age. This means that identifying either group as thin or thick disk based on chemistry is misleading. The stars belonging to the high-[Mg/Fe] sequence have perigalacticons that originate in the inner disk, while the perigalacticons of stars on the low-[Mg/Fe] sequence are generally around the solar neighborhood. From the orbital properties of the stars, the high-[Mg/Fe] and low-[Mg/Fe] sequences are most likely a reflection of the chemical enrichment history of the inner and outer disk populations, respectively; radial mixing causes both populations to be observed in situ at the solar position. Based on these results, we emphasize that it is important to be clear in defining what populations are being referenced when using the terms thin and thick disk, and that ideally the term thick disk should be reserved for purely geometric definitions to avoid confusion and be consistent with definitions in external galaxies.
The close circumstellar environment of Betelgeuse
Authors: Kervella Pierre , Decin Leen , Richards Anita M. S. , Harper Graham M. , McDonald Iain , O’Gorman Eamon , Montargès Miguel , Homan Ward , Ohnaka Keiichi
Published: November 2017

We observed Betelgeuse using ALMA’s extended configuration in band 7 (f ≈ 340 GHz, λ ≈ 0.88 mm), resulting in a very high angular resolution of 18 mas. Using a solid body rotation model of the 28SiO(ν= 2, J = 8−7) line emission, we show that the supergiant is rotating with a projected equatorial velocity of νeqsini = 5.47 ± 0.25 km s-1 at the equivalent continuum angular radius Rstar = 29.50 ± 0.14 mas. This corresponds to an angular rotation velocity of ω sini = (5.6 ± 1.3) × 10-9 rad s-1. The position angle of its north pole is PA = 48.0 ± 3.5°. The rotation period of Betelgeuse is estimated to P/ sini = 36 ± 8 years. The combination of our velocity measurement with previous observations in the ultraviolet shows that the chromosphere is co-rotating with the star up to a radius of ≈ 10 au (45 mas or 1.5 × the ALMA continuum radius). The coincidence of the position angle of the polar axis of Betelgeuse with that of the major ALMA continuum hot spot, a molecular plume, and a partial dust shell (from previous observations) suggests that focused mass loss is currently taking place in the polar region of the star. We propose that this hot spot corresponds to the location of a particularly strong “rogue” convection cell, which emits a focused molecular plume that subsequently condenses into dust at a few stellar radii. Rogue convection cells therefore appear to be an important factor shaping the anisotropic mass loss of red supergiants.
The pull apart-type Tardets-Mauléon Basin, a key to understand the formation of the Pyrenees
Authors: Canérot Joseph
Published: November 2017

Contrary to recent conceptual models, we evidence that the Mauléon Basin does not only result from the Pyrenean tectonic inversion of an aborted Albian rift involving a N-S extreme crust thinning, with related detachment and mantle exhumation. It actually corresponds to an element of this rift system where E-W dominant regional sinistral strike slip faulting between its European and Iberian margins generated as early as the Latest Aptian (Clansayesian) an oblique pull apart-type basin: the Tardets-Sorholus Trough. Then, towards the Late to Latest Albian period, the active transverse, SW-NE oriented, Barlanès and Saison listric faults provided the main crustal thinning leading locally (Urdach) to mantle exhumation. Finally, at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous, the trough widened through transtension motion (N-S distension associated with E-W sinistral strike slip) leading to the creation of the Mauléon Basin. This geodynamic evolution gives to the Mauléon Basin its logical place between the western Bilbao Basin where oceanic crust developed through dominant N-S extension process and the central and eastern north Pyrenean basins where dominant E-W left lateral strike slip then transpressive motion preclude mantle denudation. From the Late to Latest Cretaceous, the inverted motion turning to generalized regional transpression led to the closure of the trough, then, by gradual uplift from east to west, to the formation of the Pyrenean range.
Effects of electromagnetic stirring on fluid flow and temperature distribution in billet continuous casting mould and solidification structure of 55SiCr
Authors: An Hanghang , Bao Yanping , Wang Min , Zhao Lihua
Published: November 2017

The optimal combination of current intensity and frequency of mould electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) in continuous casting billet was a crucial compromise for improving inner quality of cast billet such as reduction in center segregation and porosity of medium-high carbon steel. In the present study, a decoupled three-dimensional mathematic model of electromagnetic field, fluid flow and heat transfer in continue casting billet mould with EMS has been developed, and the effects of current intensity and frequency on the system were also discussed. In addition, the industrial trials were carried out to investigate the magnetic field characteristics in the mould with M-EMS and the influence of M-EMS on the solidification structure of 55SiCr. According to the calculations and analysis, the optimal combination range of current intensity and frequency was 300–320 A and 3–4 Hz, respectively. The results showed that inner quality in as-cast billet of 55SiCr has been improved significantly with optimal parameter of 320 A and 3 Hz. For instance, central equiaxed zone increased from 19% to 33%, the center carbon segregation ratio decreased from 1.13 to 1.05 as well as center porosity has nearly disappeared.
Physical and mathematical modeling of bubbles plume behaviour in one strand tundish
Authors: Cwudziński Adam
Published: November 2017

Moving through the liquid steel, argon bubbles intensify the chemical and thermal homogenisation processes and liquid metal refining. The present study reports the physical and mathematical modeling of bubbles behaviour in the tundish with argon injection system. The 210 litre–capacity one strand slab tundish model was made on a scale of 2:5. The laboratory water model experiments have demonstrated that the identical porous material used in gas-permeable barrier may generate gas bubbles varying in size and shape. This fact will also affect both vertical and horizontal velocities attained by the bubbles. From numerical simulations influence of argon flow rate on liquid steel velocity for free surface in the tundish was obtained. The results from numerical simulations  indicate that argon create increasing of liquid steel velocity and vortex structures.
From the exclusion of the people in neoliberalism to publicity without a public
Authors: Queiroz Regina
Published: November 2017

This paper argues that the neoliberal political order relies on a particular concept of publicity—the concept of openness or transparency without a public (apopulusordemos), the main content of which is the unconditional maxim “There Is No Alternative” (TINA for short). Its central claim is that the neoliberal conception of publicity without a public, connected as it is to secrecy and unconditional adherence to TINA, precludes the possibility of the “people” as an ultimateintentionalsovereign legislator. Although research has revealed the strategic importance of publicity for communicative capitalism, this aspect of neoliberalism has yet to be addressed. As a means of clarifying the neoliberal concept of publicity, this paper will show that neoliberal theory cannot consistently accept the existence of the people as sovereign while maintaining its adherence to TINA. Second, it invokes the Kantian conception of publicity, which involves not merely openness and visibility but also the will of thepopulus. One of Kant’s central insights is that publicity is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for fairness at the level of political decision-making. When public (openly accessible) statements are not based on the will of the people, publicity can become a means of illegitimate political domination against sovereign peoples. Building on Kant’s insights, this paper will show that publicity without a public, along with its central mantra, TINA, is also, at the practical level, neoliberalism’s main means of destroying the legislative sovereignty of the people. Since TINA precludes the possibility of the people as sovereign, analysis of the neoliberal conception of publicity that underlies TINA provides new arguments for the view that neoliberalism is essentially despotic in nature. It also points to the importance of the political category of “the sovereign people”, which is all the greater where illiberal and undemocratic political alternatives jockey to fill the vacuum left by a system that, at its ideological core, cannot acknowledge the common good.
Some connections between importance sampling and enhanced sampling methods in molecular dynamics
Authors: Lie H. C. , Quer J.
Published: November 2017

In molecular dynamics, enhanced sampling methods enable the collection of better statistics of rare events from a reference or target distribution. We show that a large class of these methods is based on the idea of importance sampling from mathematical statistics. We illustrate this connection by comparing the Hartmann-Schütte method for rare event simulation (J. Stat. Mech. Theor. Exp. 2012, P11004) and the Valsson-Parrinello method of variationally enhanced sampling [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 090601 (2014)]. We use this connection in order to discuss how recent results from the Monte Carlo methods literature can guide the development of enhanced sampling methods.