bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FDA Food Code recommendations: how do popular US baking shows measure up?
Authors: Cadorett Valerie , MacLean Sarah A , Basch Corey H , Grimando Stefanie D
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine if popular US baking shows follow the FDA Food Code recommendations and critical food safety principles. This cross-sectional study examined a convenience sample of 75 episodes from three popular baking shows. The three shows were about competitively baking cupcakes, competitively baking cakes, and baking in a popular local bakery. Twenty-five episodes from each show were viewed. Coding involved tallying how many times 17 FDA Food Code recommendations were or were not followed. On each show, bare hands frequently came in contact with ready-to-eat food. On a per-hour basis, this occurred 80, 155, and 176 times on shows 1-3, respectively. Hands were washed before cooking three times on the three shows and never for the recommended 20 seconds. On each show, many people touched food while wearing jewelry other than a plain wedding band, for an average of at least 7 people per hour on each show. Shows 1-3 had high rates of long-haired bakers not wearing hair restraints (11.14, 6.57, and 14.06 per hour, respectively). Shows 1 and 2 had high rates of running among the bakers (22.29 and 10.57 instances per hour, respectively). These popular baking shows do not demonstrate proper food safety techniques put forth by the FDA and do not contribute the reduction of foodborne illnesses through proper food handling.
Case study: Supply chain scenarios in a plastic container company
Authors: Lagarda Leyva Ernesto Alonso , Bueno Solano Alfredo , Velarde Cantú José Manuel
Published: May 2018

Introducción:  The supply chain is an underestimated issue in small and medium enterprises; it is assumed that its only purpose is to save on operating costs and this is not necessarily the case. It is imperative to recognize that not all customers are equal, as each has different requirements for their products and delivery of same to their final customers, and it is therefore important to consider all the factors that influence that outcome. The case study was developed in a company producing plastic containers in Cd. Obregon, Sonora. The study has selected the manufacture of the 737 gr salt container from resin, as this is a product demanded by one of its three main customers. The problem in the plant was the number of salt containers to be produced with different production policies, generating three scenarios.Método:  To respond to the problem, a study of the entire production process associated with the links in the supply and distribution was conducted based on the methodology of system dynamics to evaluate each of the variables and parameters included in the links in the supply chain via a simulation.Resultados: The results show three different scenarios that are executed through an interface with the user, allowing to observe the behavior of the profits, the sales of finished product and the use of the resin in the manufacture of bottles of 737 gr for a company that manufactures and distributes salt proposals were validated by drawing upon the judgment of experts on the subject and the experience of employees, as well as the actual data of the companyDiscusión o Conclusión: The findings reveal different modes of behavior of four critical variables in the process: profits, sales, the finished products warehouse, and resin use. The simulation was performed with the use of Stella ® 10.1.2 software, trying different policies and considering delay and initial inventory theories in processes and final products for the three different proposed scenarios derived from this study to interested parties (employers and customers); the case study was developed within the context of the National Center for Innovation in Intermodal Transportation and Logistics of Mexico.
Designing a digital marketing model innovation to increase the competitiveness. First insights in Mexico
Authors: Mejía-Trejo Juan
Published: May 2018

Introduction: This paper is aimed to determine the relationship between the competitiveness model of Mexico (NCM) and a proposal for a digital marketing innovation model (DMIM).This is of special value for SME experts and academics, both related to the practice of digital marketing, in order to obtain a tool capable to identify different variables involved in the design and driving of a digital marketing campaign, in order to increase their levels of competitiveness.Method: The theoretical framework for the DMIM proposal, was based on a documentary, exploratory, descriptive, correlational and transversal research (academic vision). Thus, it was applied focus group using Panel Delphi and Analytical Hierarchy Process, among the specialists of digital marketing sector (expert vision) to identify different variables and indicators registering their different importance rates as well as the order of occurrence of each one into the DMIM proposal construct, for both visions. The final DMIM proposal construct, was correlated with the NCM, previously known. Therefore a pilot questionnaire, with a test of validity and reliability, was applied during the period of January-April 2017, to 400 specialists related with digital marketing and competitiveness (200 SME experts, 100 consultants and 100 academics). As a quantitative stage (empirical evidence), multiple linear regression and correlation techniques were applied to determine the relationships in this model. Results: It was obtained an original and generalized model, able to explain the relationship of variables and indicators involved among 8 NCM variables and 10 variables of the DMIM proposal as a measuring tool, and final suggestions for the improvement of such relationship.Conclusion: An empirical model of NCM-DMIM that showed positive effects of correlation in 2/10 variables of the DMIM: among the mission, vision and values (MVS) as well as the knowledge and application of the tools of digital marketing, (DMT) both variables belonging to the DMIM over to the NCM. The rest of the (8/10) variables of the DMIM, show low correlations which means that they are not yet sufficiently widespread and known in the sector for what they represent the sector's opportunities. Finally, academic and expert visions about the variables of the construct NCM-DMIM, with several suggestions for improvement.
84 years of Mexico´s land use planning: reflections for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Beraud-Macías Vianney , Sosa-Ramírez Joaquín , Maya-Delgado Yolanda , Córdoba Miguel , Ortega-Rubio Alfredo
Published: May 2018

The present work objective is to understad the changes in the planning and administration of land uses in Mexico and to explore its possible relationship with the current environmental crisis, this is carried out within the context of the complex relations between society and environment and politics. The work hypothesis assumes that Mexico, like other Latin American countries, has based its planning of land uses on the recommendations of international organizations for the benefit of society as a whole and this has eroded their natural capital. It presents in general the panorama of the biodiversity at world-wide level and the antecedents in the investigation of the factors influecing the changes of land use of the soil in Latin America. The results describe the complex of changes in the administration of land use and the state of natural resources in the period analyzed. Finally, we discuss international contexts and the role of social actors in landscape transformation in Mexico. Our approach to the analysies will provide feedback of the successes and errors in the design of Mexican public policies in land use, hopefully providing a gateway to opening-up a more honest debate on the subject.
Un índice de aptitud para la educación para la salud por medio de las TIC en los municipios de México
Authors: Almaraz-Alonso Manuel , Coria Olguín Sergio Rafael , Siliceo-Murrieta José Isaías
Published: May 2018

Introducción: Este artículo presenta el Índice de Aptitud en Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación para Educación para la Salud (IATICS). Es un índice cuantitativo compuesto que sirve para medir el potencial que tienen los habitantes de los municipios de México para aprovechar las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) como medio para recibir educación para la salud (ES). A partir de esta medición, se define una tipología de municipios basada en intervalos. Cada intervalo definido se representa mediante la etiqueta nominal IATICS. La tipología permite definir estrategias de aprovechamiento de las TIC para cada tipo de municipio.Método: IATICS se calcula a partir de indicadores estadísticos municipales de: 1) disponibilidad de energía eléctrica en las viviendas, 2) presencia de productos y servicios de TIC, 3) disponibilidad de servicios de salud, 4) analfabetismo y 5) presencia de hablantes de alguna lengua indígena que no hablan español. La metodología de cálculo del índice se basa en una fórmula aritmética sencilla y puede aplicarse sobre datos de México con una granularidad territorial de municipio o más fina; p. ej. localidad, área geo-estadística básica (AGEB) o manzana.Resultados: Los valores de IATICS, en sus modalidades cuantitativa y nominal, se calculan para cada uno de los municipios mexicanos aplicando el procedimiento específicamente definido para este propósito. La fuente de datos para los cálculos es el Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda del año 2010, realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Los resultados de estos dos índices (el cuantitativo y el nominal) se han puesto disponibles en archivos de hoja de cálculo que se pueden descargar gratuitamente de la WWW.Discusión o Conclusión: IATICS permite medir, tipificar y priorizar el potencial que tienen los habitantes de los municipios mexicanos para aprovechar las TIC en la ES. IATICS ofrece algunos recursos de información para contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas de gobierno electrónico en el área de e-salud (e-health) para los municipios. Los valores del índice pueden recalcularse periódicamente para actualizarse con nuevos datos censales, con lo cual también puede medirse la evolución de las condiciones de cada municipio. Finalmente, esta metodología puede aplicarse sobre datos de otros países, para que estos puedan adaptarla al diseño y evaluación de sus respectivas políticas públicas de ES apoyada en TIC.
Fragmentos cerrados residenciales como entidades de excepción en el sur de Tamaulipas
Authors: Garcés Carrillo Judith del Carmen , Bartorila Miguel Ángel , Rosas Lusett Mireya Alicia
Published: May 2018

El urbanismo cerrado en las ciudades medianas y de zonas metropolitanas en México, a pesar de tratarse de enclaves residenciales exclusivos que suponen cualidades sobre mejores niveles de vida y de seguridad, en la Zona Metropolitana del sur de Tamaulipas presentan localizaciones de riesgo y altos niveles de fragmentación junto con el crecimiento expandido de la región, generado cambios importantes en lo urbano e incidiendo en lo social y lo cultural. Debido a esto, mediante el análisis espacial urbano de las variables estructurales, formales y funcionales, se pretende caracterizar el fenómeno físico-espacial de acuerdo a las particularidades que como entidades de excepción les distingue del resto de las urbanizaciones abiertas locales.
Bioinoculantes y abonos orgánicos en la producción de maíz forrajero
Authors: Ávalos de la Cruz María Amada , Figueroa Viramontes Uriel , García Hernández José Luis , Vázquez Vázquez Cirilo , Gallegos Robles Miguel Angel , Orona-Castillo Ignacio
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La producción de forrajes en la Comarca Lagunera se realiza de forma intensiva, por lo que no hay un intervalo de tiempo que le permita al suelo recuperarse. El cultivo de maíz forrajero en esta región es el segundo en importancia, por lo que es imprescindible buscar estrategias que nos permitan recuperar la calidad de los suelos sin que el rendimiento se vea afectado.                        Método: Se evaluó la producción de maíz forrajero con el híbrido P3258W de Pioneer. Se usó un bioinoculante comercial para suelo con dosis de 0, 20 y 40 l ha-1, en combinación con siete fuentes de fertilizante: vermicompost en 5 y 10 t ha-1, estiércol de bovino lechero en 80 t ha-1, fertilizante inorgánico (191-75-30 de NPK), un fertilizante comercial orgánico a dosis de 2.5 y 5 l ha-1 y el testigo. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar, con arreglo de tratamientos en parcelas divididas, donde la parcela mayor fue el bioinoculante y la parcela menor la fuente de fertilización. Las variables que se evaluaron fueron rendimiento de forraje verde y seco, altura de planta a la cosecha; antes y después de la cosecha se evaluó en muestras de suelo: materia orgánica, pH, conductividad eléctrica, nitrógeno inorgánico y fósforo. En muestras de planta tomadas en la cosecha se determinó nitrógeno y fósforo totales.                        Resultados: Hubo diferencia significativa en cuanto al rendimiento respecto a la fuente de fertilizante y el mejor tratamiento fue donde se aplicó estiércol a una dosis de 80 t ha-1. En las características del suelo: materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo se observaron diferencias significativas entre dosis de bioinoculante del suelo y entre fuentes de fertilizante. Para el nitrógeno en planta, las diferencias fueron significativas entre dosis de bioinoculante del suelo y entre fuentes de fertilizante. En la concentración de fósforo en planta, el análisis mostró una interacción significativa entre dosis de bioinoculante del suelo y fuentes de fertilizante.                      Conclusión: Se puede llevar a cabo la producción de maíz forrajero utilizando bioinoculantes y abonos orgánicos sin que el rendimiento se vea afectado y se favorece el contenido de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo en el suelo.
Starch- and cellulose-related microbial diversity of soil sown with sugarcane crops in the Papaloapan Basin, a megadiverse region of Mexico
Authors: Cortés López Nohemí Gabriela , Sachman Ruiz Bernado , Miranda Sánchez Fabiola , Alcántara-Hernández Rocío Jetzabel , Del Moral Sandra T
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Sugarcane is an essential agricultural product for bioethanol production in Mexico. The discovery of both the bacterial community associated with this crop and the soil status is a decisive step towards understanding how microorganisms influence crop productivity. Culture enrichment allows for the identification of the biodiversity of biological samples. The objective of this research was to identify the bacterial biodiversity related with two complex carbohydrate sources (starch and cellulose) in soils sown with sugarcane in the Papaloapan Basin in Oaxaca, Mexico via a metagenomic approach.                    Method: Soil content was analyzed chemically. Liquid LB, LB-starch and LB-1% carboximetilcellulose media were inoculated with 2 g soil and cultured at 180 rpm, 37°C for 48 h. The biomass was collected and the 16S rDNA gene was amplified and a library was constructed which was analyzed by sequencing.Results: N, K and Zn content of organic matter showed higher values than average, as opposed to P and Na, which were lower than average. In the library, 35 OTUs related to Clostridium, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lysinibacillus and Citrobacter genera were found which could contain genes for breaking cellulose and starch.Discussion or Conclusion: This is the first approach to identify the diversity related to starch and cellulose hydrolysis in the Papaloapan region, where the principal genera detected were Clostridium, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Citrobacter and Lysinibacillus in a soil moderately rich in organic matter.
Reordering edges and elements in unstructured meshes to reduce execution time in Finite Element Computations
Authors: Ortigoza Capetillo Gerardo Mario , Lorandi Medina Alberto Pedro , García Reynoso Alfonso Cuauhtemoc
Published: May 2018

Reverse Cuthill McKee (RCM) reordering can be applied to either edges or elements of unstructured meshes (triangular/tetrahedral) , in accordance to the respective finite element formulation,  to reduce the bandwidth of stiffness matrices . Grid generators are mainly designed for nodal based finite elements. Their output is a list of nodes (2d or 3d) and an array describing element connectivity, be it triangles or tetrahedra. However,  for edge-defined finite element formulations a numbering of the edges is required. Observations are reported for Triangle/Tetgen Delaunay grid generators and for the sparse structure of the assembled matrices in both edge- and element-defined formulations. The RCM is a renumbering algorithm traditionally applied to the nodal graph of the mesh. Thus, in order to apply this renumbering to either the edges or the elements of the respective finite element formulation,  graphs of the mesh were generated. Significant bandwidth reduction was obtained. This translates to reduction in the execution effort of the sparse-matrix-times-vector product. Compressed Sparse Row format was adopted and the matrix-times-vector product was implemented in an OpenMp parallel routine.
Propiedades termodinámicas de la oleoresina de chile habanero (Capsicum Chinense) microencapsulada en β-ciclodextrina
Authors: Domínguez Cañedo Irma Liliana , Cano Sarmiento Cynthia , Viveros Rubí
Published: May 2018

Introducción: Las oleorresinas son extractos de naturaleza oleosa proveniente de los chiles, utilizadas como ingredientes para aportar sabor y aroma a muchos productos alimentarios. Sin embargo, son termolábiles y muy susceptibles a pérdidas de calidad durante el procesamiento o almacenamiento, siendo conveniente encapsular sus componentes bioactivos antes de ser utilizados como ingredientes alimentarios con la finalidad de que no se vea afectada su vida útil.Método: Oleorresina del chile habanero (OCH) fue encapsulada utilizando la técnica de inclusión molecular con β-ciclodextrina (βCD) para protegerla durante su almacenamiento. El complejo de inclusión molecular (OCH-βCD) se preparó en las proporciones 20:80 y 30:70 de oleorresina: β-ciclodextrina respectivamente, y fueron almacenadas por 5 semanas en un rango de actividad de agua (aw) de 0.103-0.765, a una temperatura de 25, 35 y 45 °C. Se realizó el estudio de las propiedades termodinámicas para explicar el efecto de la temperatura y la aw sobre la estabilidad de los encapsulados.Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el complejo de inclusión en la proporción 30-70 es más estable que el elaborado en la proporción 20-80, al ser menos higroscópico, presentar una amplia zona de mínima entropía integral de alrededor de una aw de 0.3-0.6 y menores valores del parámetro (ΔE) durante el almacenamiento a 25 ºC. Discusión o Conclusión: De acuerdo con los análisis termodinámicos y las pruebas de la variación de DE, fue posible obtener la proporción adecuada de encapsulación (OCH-bCD), asi como recomendar las mejores condiciones de temperatura y humedad durante el almacenamiento, para evitar cambios drásticos en el color, producto de la degradación térmica de los carotenoides presentes en las muestras.
Áreas potenciales y vulnerabilidad del cultivo de café tipo robusta (Coffea canephora P.) al cambio climático en el estado de Tabasco, México
Authors: Aceves-Navarro Lorenzo Armando , Rivera-Hernández Benigno , López-Castañeda Antonio , Palma-López David Jesús , González-Mancillas Rigoberto , Juárez-López José Francisco
Published: May 2018

El gobierno federal a través de la Dirección General de Zonas Tropicales de la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA), ha venido im-pulsando la apertura de 20,000 ha del cultivo de café robusta en los estados del sur-sureste. Como parte de esa iniciativa se realiza el presente estudio para determinar en qué áreas del estado de Tabasco este tipo de café puede prosperar exitosamente y cuáles serían los impactos del cambio climático a mitad del siglo XXI, en su adaptación y rendimiento. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue: determinar las mejores áreas desde el punto de vista de clima y suelo, para cultivar café tipo robusta (Coffea canephora P.) en el estado de Tabasco y su posible vulnerabilidad al cambio climático a mediados del presente siglo.Método: Lo anterior se realizó utilizando la metodología de Zonificación Agro-Ecológica (ZAE) pro-puesta por la FAO para las condiciones actúales y para el escenario de cambio climático (RCP8.5), esperado a mediados del siglo XXI.Asimismo, se estimaron los rendimientos potenciales para tres niveles de insumo (bajo, medio y alto) en las áreas resultantes muy aptas, para ambas condiciones climáticas, utilizando el método de Zonas Agro-Ecológicas (ZAE) propuesto por la FAO (1981) y actualizado por Fischer et al. (2012).Resultados: Los resultados indican que de ocurrir un incremento promedio diario de 1.6 ºC para el año 2050, bajo el peor escenario (RCP8.5), la superficie muy apta para cultivar café tipo robusta en el estado de Tabasco no se modifica. En cambio, los rendimientos potenciales promedio disminuirán en 41% para el año 2050, debido al efecto del incremento de las temperaturas diurnas sobre la tasa fotosintética máxima.Discusión: En el estado de Tabasco existen actualmente 154,755.14 ha edafoclimáticamente muy aptas para establecer el cultivo de café tipo robusta. Bajo el escenario de cambio climático A2 (RCP8.5) se espera un incremento en la temperatura promedio diaria de 1.6 ºC, la cual no afectará la aptitud edafoclimática del café robusta. Los rendimientos potenciales promedio varían en función del nivel de insumos para la edad y densidad de siembra señalada.
Antibacterial activity and phenolic content of propolis extracts obtained by different extraction methods
Authors: Moncayo Luján María del Rosario , Moreno Reséndez Alejandro , Galván Barrón Gretel Sagrario , Reyes Carrillo José Luis , Carrillo Inungaray María Luisa
Published: May 2018

Introduction: The data available regarding the chemical composition and procedures for the extraction of the propolis are currently inconclusive. In this study the chemical groups present in the extracts of a propolis mixture obtained by different methods were identified. Additionally, their content of polyphenols and flavonoids was determined, and antioxidant and antibacterial activity was studied.                       Method: The extracts were obtained by maceration and for the ultrasonic and microwave method. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds, as well as the measurement of antioxidant activity, were quantified by spectrophotometric methods. The antibacterial activity was studied from the inhibitory effect of each extract against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis, and by the percentage of activity and the Index of Bacterial Susceptibility (IBS).       Results: The phytochemical screening evidenced the presence of abundant compounds with important biological activity. It was found a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the extracts of propolis obtained by different methods.           Conclusion: The presence of chemical groups of bioactive compounds and their antioxidant and antibacterial activity justifies the use of these extracts in traditional medicine.
Oleanolic Acid Ameliorates Aβ25-35 Injection-induced Memory Deficit in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Rats by Maintaining Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Wang Kai , Sun Weiming , Zhang Linlin , Guo Wei , Xu Jiachun , Liu Shuang , Zhou Zhen , Zhang Yulian
Published: May 2018

Background:

Abnormal amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and deposition in the hippocampus is
an essential process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

To investigate whether Oleanolic acid (OA) could improve memory deficit in AD model
and its possible mechanism.

Methods:

Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and OA
group. AD models by injection of Aβ25-35 were built. Morris water maze (MWM) was applied to investigate
learning and memory, transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe the ultrastructure of
synapse, western blot to the proteins, electrophysiology for long-term potentiation (LTP), and Ca2+
concentration in synapse was also measured.

Results:

The latency time in model group was significantly longer than that in sham operation group
(P=0.0001); while it was significantly shorter in the OA group than that in model group (P=0.0001);
compared with model group, the times of cross-platform in OA group significantly increased
(P=0.0001). TEM results showed OA could alleviate neuron damage and synapses changes induced by
Aβ25-35. The expressions of CaMKII, PKC, NMDAR2B, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB protein were significantly
improved by OA (P=0.0001, 0.036, 0.041, 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.026, respectively) compared
with that in model group; the concentration of Ca2+ was significantly lower in OA group (1.11±0.42)
than that in model group (1.68±0.18); and the slope rate (P=0.0001) and amplitude (P=0.0001) of f-
EPSP significantly increased in OA group.

Conclusion:

The present results support that OA could ameliorate Aβ-induced memory loss of AD
rats by maintaining synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus.
Dunai iszapos üledék nehézfém tartalmának akkumuláció vizsgálata növényekkel
Authors: Kovács-Bokor Éva , Kiss Endre
Published: May 2018

Napjainkban a felszíni vízfolyások és azok árterei, holtágai ökológiai folyosóként működnek, emellett turisztikai szerepük sem elhanyagolható. Ahhoz, hogy ezeket a területeket fenntarthassuk a jövő nemzedékei számára, szükség van állapotuk folyamatos monitorozására, illetve javítására. Az árterek és holtágak környezeti jellemzőit elsősorban vizük és üledékük vizsgálatával tudjuk jól leírni. Terepi mintavételezéseink területe a Dunával közvetlen kapcsolatban lévő dunaújvárosi Szabadstrand üledékéből kotrással kialakított iszap meddő, amelyet 2009-ben hoztak létre. Az elmúlt évek alatt ezen az ártéren faültetés történt, de emellett jelentős gyomnövényzet is megtelepedett. Kutatásunk fő célja egyrészt az iszapmeddő nehézfém tartalmának monitorozása, másrészt pedig a rajta gyökerező növények nehézfém akkumulációjának vizsgálata volt. Az egykori folyóvízi üledéken megtelepedett növényfajok közül a lórom, vagy lósóska (Rumex obtusifolius L.), angol perje (Lolium perenne) és parti sás (Carex riparia) nehézfém tartalmának kimutatására került sor. A növényzeten belüli nehézfém akkumuláció meghatározásával ezen toxikus elemek növényi részek közötti megoszlását tártuk fel.
SERÁ QUE OS COMPROMISSOS A PRIORI DO FUNCIONALISMO MORAL SÃO, DE FACTO, A PRIORI?
Authors: Lane Ashley
Published: May 2018

O funcionalismo moral, uma teoria desenvolvida por Frank Jackson e Philip Petti, afirma que podemos obter conhecimento moral determinando os lugares comuns acerca da moralidade que tipicamente são aceites por agentes concretos. É uma posição que tem compromissos a priori importantes; podemos descobrir a posteriori que uma propriedade descritiva particular é idêntica a uma propriedade moral particular, mas é a priori que a coisa que é idêntica à propriedade moral desempenha um papel moral particular. Jackson defende uma posição metafísica particular e o funcionalismo moral é um desenvolvimento desta posição aplicada à ética. Neste artigo adapto uma objecção feita por D. H. Mellor contra a metafísica de Jackson para mostrar que os compromissos a priori do funcionalismo são, de facto, a posteriori. Só podemos descobrir se as afirmações alegadamente a priori do funcionalismo moral são verdadeiras através de uma investigação a posteriori.
HOBBES: A VOLUNTARIST ABOUT THE PERMISSIBILITY OF STATE ENFORCEMENT?
Authors: Guillery Daniel
Published: May 2018

I take up the question of what argument, if any, Hobbes has for state legitimacy, which term I stipulatively use to mean the general, exclusive permission to enforce compliance with their directives or laws that states are standardly taken to have. I will argue that, contrary to what one might imagine, the ground of state legitimacy for Hobbes is not to be found in the social contract or the authorisation of the state’s subjects, but rather in the sovereign’s simply not being subject to the kind of laws that rule out enforcement for subjects. The sovereign’s right to enforce is based in exactly the same sort of right that all have when not subject to any higher sovereign power. Though this must be nuanced (the sovereign does not literally retain its right to all things from the state of nature, since no sovereign existed in the state of nature), the permissibility of enforcement for Hobbes is to be found simply in the lack of anything that might make it impermissible.
MITO, UTOPIA E DEMOCRACIA EM A GRANDE TRANSFORMAÇÃO DE KARL POLANYI
Authors: Fernandes Patrícia
Published: May 2018

Partindo do tripé conceptual mito, utopia e democracia, o nosso texto propõe-se considerar os contributos de Karl Polanyi em três linhas de reflexão. A primeira incide sobre o seu trabalho de desconstrução do mito da naturalidade do mercado e da natureza económica do ser humano; a segunda concerne a sua defesa do projeto de uma sociedade de mercados livres como utópico; e a terceira considera o seu princípio do duplo movimento como uma expressão da democracia europeia. Estas três linhas de reflexão constituem contributos relevantes para o processo, ainda em curso, de análise, interpretação e ponderação de soluções para a crise económica e financeira iniciada em 2007/8 e que, tendo-se transmutado em crise das dívidas soberanas, se traduziu na adoção do austeritarismo como projeto político.
A Review of Green School Design Guidelines
Authors: Ramli Nur Hidayahtuljamilah , Masri Mawar , Mohd. Taib Mohd. Zafrullah , Abd Hamid Norhazarina
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this paper is to execute a comparative study of green school guidelines with the review of the current literature. The method of this study is to use secondary data regarding green school design elements in foreign countries' school. The data assembled from various countries will be discussed with regards to the applications of its elements into Malaysian green school design. The result of the comparative study will be used to identify the design elements of Malaysian school designs towards a green and sustainable building. Therefore, finding from this research is expected to encourage the Malaysian government to develop and create a guideline for green school design in Malaysia.
Business, Ethics and the Environment
Authors: Kamarul Zaman Maliza Delima
Published: May 2018

Traditionally, businesses that regard the natural world as "free" and "unlimited" have abandoned environmental considerations. Environmental considerations also act not only as the source of raw materials and energy to meet human needs but also act as the repository for human-generated waste. Because of this, business functions and their intrusion into ecosystems have frequently had unfavourable effects. Business produces dangerous products and causes pollutions that may result in many kinds of dangers. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to review the interactions between business, the natural environment and environment ethics.
Constraints and Motives for Sustainable Transport in Shah Alam
Authors: Nasrudin Na'asah , Rostam Katiman , Mohd Noor Harifah
Published: May 2018

This study revealed the constraints and motivations to using sustainable transportation for daily trips. A total of 384 respondents was selected for this survey, represented the 36 sections of Shah Alam. The reasons provided as barriers to cycling and walking are hot weather, surrounding safety factor, unsatisfactory cycling tracks and poor condition of pedestrian lanes. Among the reasons respondents are not motivated to use public transport are inefficient services and expensive fares. However, the majority stated that the increase in petrol prices and tolls would be key factors to reduce car use and more provision of public transport would encourage them to use public transport.
Favorable Working Environment in Promoting Safety at Workplace
Authors: Ibrahim Ima Ilyani , Muhamad Noor Sarina , Nasirun Noraini , Ahmad Zulaiha
Published: May 2018

Occupational safety is important as it affects the well-being of organizational members and its visitors. This study attempts to investigate the safety awareness among staff of higher learning institutions (HLI) in the Northern part of Malaysia. The objective is to investigate the relationship between office environment, management commitment, staff's attitudes and organizational policies with safety at the workplace. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regressions. The findings indicate there is a significant relationship among the studied variables. The study suggests that it is vital for the management to install and promote a safety culture in the office.
Impact Assessment and Dynamic Management towards Sustainable Tourism in Antarctica
Authors: Kariminia Shahab , Sh. Ahmad Sabarinah , Hashim Rugayah , Ismail Zulhabri
Published: May 2018

Over the past two decades, Antarctica has experienced a severe eco-environmental degradation due to tourism impacts. The new, diverse and complex tourism activities and technological advancements demonstrate the current regulatory system is insufficient. This study aims to analyse the Antarctic tourism impact, investigate the assessment methods and propose a dynamic management system. This paper suggests two assessment indicators i.e. ATEF and ATECC along with nine management strategies. A flowchart demonstrates the dynamic process of impact analyses, assessment and management. This system can be deployed to design a dynamic regulatory system toward sustainable Antarctic tourism.
Integrated Sustainable Planning Process
Authors: Nagy Radwan Gehan Ahmed , El-Shahat Manal M. F.
Published: May 2018

Planning policies in Egypt are undergoing a transformation process, not only on the political levels, since 2011, but also on the social, behavioural and economic levels. A new vision and planning process are needed to assure sustainability. Hence, this paper attempts to view and assess the sustainable urban development policies and process applied in "Bahnstadt" railway suburb in Heidelberg, Germany and adapt it to the case of Ramses Railway neighbourhood in Downtown Cairo. It also attempts at setting guideline strategies for an integrated sustainable urban neighbourhood planning prototype.
Exploring Knowledge and Self-Care Practice Toward Skin Aging and Sun Protection among College Students in Sulaimani City-Iraq
Authors: Rsaul Hezha O. , Tofiq Diary I. , Saeed Mohammad Y. , Hamarawf Rebaz F.
Published: May 2018

Several studies have been performed internationally to assess the understanding and self-care exercise of people in the direction of sun exposure and sun protection measures, as self-care is an essential pillar of public health. Nevertheless, limited data on these factors are available from the Middle East. The aim of this study was to investigate the students’ awareness of skin aging and sun-protection measures among college students. For this purpose, a cross-sectional questionnaire was specially designed; a random sample of the students in the different college of the University of Sulaimani was selected. Data were collected between January and May 2017. The relationship between the skin cancer awareness and different sociodemographic characteristics was produced by applying multiple logistic regressions. The questionnaires were distributed to 450 college students. A total of 413 questionnaires had been completely responded and covered within the data analysis, with a response rate of 91.7%. 41% of the respondents were females and 61.0% of the participants were aged between 18 and 21 years old. 47% have been privy to the association between sun exposure and skin aging. The respondents had been more likely to be aware of the connection between sun exposure and skin cancer (P < 0.03). The respondents from the third class of undergraduates were more likely to be familiar (P < 0.04). Staying under the shade during the outdoor activity was reported by more than 90% of our participants and is positioned as the most frequently used sun protection method.
Computerized Cognitive Training in Children With Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: Feasibility and Satisfaction Study
Authors: Benyakorn Songpoom , Calub Catrina A , Riley Steven J , Schneider Andrea , Iosif Ana-Maria , Solomon Marjorie , Hessl David , Schweitzer Julie B
Published: May 2018

Background

Researchers are increasingly interested in testing and developing computerized cognitive training interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder due to the limited accessibility of treatments for this disorder. Understanding the feasibility of testing cognitive interventions for this population is critical, especially for individuals with ASD who have low to moderate intellectual ability.

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of computerized cognitive training as measured by attrition rate and a parent satisfaction survey.

Methods

A total of 26 participants aged 8-17 years with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and significant intellectual impairment were enrolled (mean age 11.1 years). They were instructed to complete 25 sessions of Cogmed Working Memory Training in 5 to 6 weeks with coach assistance. Attrition rate and parent satisfaction surveys were measured after the completion of training.

Results

Most participants (96%, 25/26) completed the training and indicated high satisfaction (>88%). However, among the participants who completed the training, 5 participants (19%) were unable to finish in 6 weeks, the recommended training period by Cogmed. Parents noted various positive (eg, voice-overs) and negative (eg, particular graphic and sounds associated with a stimulus) features of the game that they thought affected their child’s response.

Conclusions

Children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual impairments can successfully participate in computerized cognitive training interventions but may require additional weeks to complete the training beyond the time needed for children without intellectual impairments. The overall completion rate, with extended time to complete the training, was high. Developers of cognitive training programs for this population should take into account potential issues regarding the noise level of stimuli and characteristics of the visual graphics.
Coping Strategies and Social Support in a Mobile Phone Chat App Designed to Support Smoking Cessation: Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Granado-Font Esther , Ferré-Grau Carme , Rey-Reñones Cristina , Pons-Vigués Mariona , Pujol Ribera Enriqueta , Berenguera Anna , Barrera-Uriarte Maria Luisa , Basora Josep , Valverde-Trillo Araceli , Duch Jordi , Flores-Mateo Gemma
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Smoking is one of the most significant factors contributing to low life expectancy, health inequalities, and illness at the worldwide scale. Smoking cessation attempts benefit from social support. Mobile phones have changed the way we communicate through the use of freely available message-oriented apps. Mobile app–based interventions for smoking cessation programs can provide interactive, supportive, and individually tailored interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify emotions, coping strategies, beliefs, values, and cognitive evaluations of smokers who are in the process of quitting, and to analyze online social support provided through the analysis of messages posted to a chat function integrated into a mobile app.

METHODS

In this descriptive qualitative study, informants were smokers who participated in the chat of Tobbstop. The technique to generate information was documentary through messages collected from September 2014 through June 2016, specifically designed to support a smoking cessation intervention. A thematic content analysis of the messages applied 2 conceptual models: the Lazarus and Folkman model to assess participant’s experiences and perceptions and the Cutrona model to evaluate online social support.

RESULTS

During the study period, 11,788 text messages were posted to the chat by 101 users. The most frequent messages offered information and emotional support, and all the basic emotions were reported in the chat. The 3 most frequent coping strategies identified were physical activity, different types of treatment such as nicotine replacement, and humor. Beliefs about quitting smoking included the inevitability of weight gain and the notion that not using any type of medications is better for smoking cessation. Health and family were the values more frequently described, followed by freedom. A smoke-free environment was perceived as important to successful smoking cessation. The social support group that was developed with the app offered mainly emotional and informational support.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis suggests that a chat integrated into a mobile app focused on supporting smoking cessation provides a useful tool for smokers who are in the process of quitting, by offering social support and a space to share concerns, information, or strategies.
Students’ Perceptions of Technology-Enhanced Pedagogy in Their Statistics Learning
Authors: Lai Guolin , Li Long
Published: May 2018

Statistical literacy, reasoning, and thinking are highly valued in various industries. However, many college students struggle in their required statistic course(s). The use of technology has the potential to bring about positive changes in content, pedagogy, and course format of statistics instruction. This study explores undergraduate business students’ perceptions of the instructor’s technology integration efforts in their statistics learning. The research results reveal that students mostly regarded their learning experience as positive, engaging, informative, and effective. They attributed their learning gain to the instructor’s innovative teaching style, the availability of various learning resources on Moodle, and how the resources were presented.
The Use of Desalination Technologies to Alleviate Water Shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Chukwuma Obeta Michael
Published: May 2018

Water scarcity is a major and growing problem in SSA. A SSA country (South Africa) has adopted desalination as a strategy for dealing with water shortages; while the construction of new desalination plants have been proposed in some others (Ghana, Namibia and Cape Verde). This review paper examines the use of desalination technologies for augmenting supplies in sixteen SSA countries, using data derived mainly from published literature. Results reveal that the usage of desalinated freshwater to augment supplies in the region is relatively recent; however the usage is on the increase, especially in countries with arid climate. Several factors including massive failures of public water supply systems, increases in the demand for freshwater, rapid and high rates of urbanization, population growth and the reoccurring droughts account for increases in the demand for desalination technologies in SSA. Many critical issues and constraints make the desalination option neither the most feasible nor a priority for water supplies within the humid parts of SSA. The paper recommends that for quality and sustainable service delivery to be attained in the region, governments should develop alternative freshwater sources, address infrastructural decay, employ new management strategies in the water sector and distribute water infrastructure equitably.
Combinatorial identities for Appell polynomials
Authors: Munarini Emanuele
Published: May 2018

Using the techniques of the modern umbral calculus, we derive several combinatorial identities involving s-Appell polynomials. In particular, we obtain identities for classical polynomials, such as the Hermite, Laguerre, Bernoulli, Euler, N?rlund, hypergeometric Bernoulli, and Legendre polynomials. Moreover, we obtain a generalization of Carlitz's identity for Bernoulli numbers and polynomials to arbitrary symmetric s-Appell polynomials.
Counting water cells in bargraphs of compositions and set partitions
Authors: Mansour Toufik , Shattuck Mark
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we consider statistics on compositions and set partitions represented geometrically as bargraphs. By a water cell, we mean a unit square exterior to a bargraph that lies along a horizontal line between any two squares contained within the area subtended by the bargraph. That is, if a large amount of a liquid were poured onto the bargraph from above and allowed to drain freely, then the water cells are precisely those cells where the liquid would collect. In this paper, we count both compositions and set partitions according to the number of descents and water cells in their bargraph representations and determine generating function formulas for the joint distributions on the respective structures. Comparable generating functions that count non-crossing and non-nesting partitions are also found. Finally, we determine explicit formulas for the sign balance and for the first moment of the water cell statistic on set partitions, providing both algebraic and combinatorial proofs.
Three-dimensional treatment planning for maxillary and mandibular segmental surgery for an adult Class III: Where old meets new
Authors: Conley R. Scott , Edwards Sean P.
Published: May 2018

Class III open bite malocclusion can be among the most difficult case types to obtain an excellent occlusal, skeletal, and facial outcome. Treatment options include growth modification, extraction for orthodontic camouflage, and orthognathic surgery. For the most severely affected and non-growing patients, orthognathic surgery is often the most predictable and, in some situations, the only viable way of achieving an optimal result. The risks and benefits of surgical treatment options can occasionally be difficult to assess particularly for providers with limited experience. Two-dimensional surgical predictions can assist but do not permit the third dimension to be visualized. New techniques of computer-aided surgical simulation can enable the surgeon, orthodontist, and patient to better visualize and understand the treatment approach and enable them to make the most effective and efficient treatment related decisions. This case merges knowledge of the full spectrum of historical surgical techniques with the new approach of computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) to perform complex segmental maxillary and mandibular surgery to obtain an excellent functional and esthetic result.
Meningkatkan Kerjasama Siswa dengan Metode Jigsaw
Authors: Kusuma Ardi Wira
Published: May 2018

AbstracJigsaw is a method of cooperative learning designed to increase the sense of responsibility, the student toward his own learning and also the learning of others. Basically the essence of cooperation is the activity aimed at the form of kerjakompok between friends in which there are differences of opinion and can unite the opinion into one. The jigsaw method is a highly colaborative method because in this method students are required to work together in groups so that this method can help teachers' performance in building good cooperation characteristics among members.Abstrak Jigsaw merupakan merupakan metode dari pembelajaran kooperatif yang didesain untuk meningkatkan rasa tanggung jawab, siswa terhadap pembelajarannya sendiri dan juga pembelajaran orang lain. Pada dasarnya hakikat dari kerjasama adalah aktivitas yang ditujukan dalam bentuk kerjakelompok antar teman yang mana didalamnya terdapat perbedaan pendapat dan dapat menyatukan pendapat tersebut menjadi satu. Metode jigsaw merupaka metode yang sangat coloborative karena dalam metode ini  siswa di haruskan bekerjasama dalam kelompok sehingga dengan metode ini dapat membantu kinerja guru dalam membangun karakteristik kerjasama yang baik antar anggota.