bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership experiences of bicultural business leaders: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Tan Alyssa Jean L. , Yap Lauren T. , Salud Elise Francesca L. , Teng‐Calleja Mendiola
Published: June 2023

Using the lens of interpretative phenomenological analysis, this study explored the leadership experiences of bicultural business leaders in the Philippines. Semistructured interviews were conducted among 16 leaders in family‐owned, small and medium‐sized enterprises in the Philippines who are ethnically Chinese and have Filipino nationality. Findings focused on salient expressions of biculturalism in leadership, bicultural leadership challenges, and advantages. Most of the participants experienced fluidity in their expressions of Filipino and Chinese identities and how these manifest in the workplace. Challenges shared pertain to generational factors as participants assumed leadership roles through kinship, as well as relational challenges reflective of cultural nuances. The leaders view their being bicultural as having the “best of both worlds” as they have greater access to cultural information and a more holistic view of which values and norms to use in their leadership roles and in various social interactions. Fluency in communicating in Chinese and Filipino was perceived to enable effective interactions and facilitate trust building with their customers, employees, and suppliers. Implications focused on the need to consider biculturalism in leadership development programmes in educational institutions and organizations, especially with increasing bi/multiculturalism in workplaces.
Oneirography
Authors: Clifford James
Published: June 2023

A surrealist ethnography of decomposition, this piece is part of a special section of “hundreds” for Kathleen Stewart.
‘But wait, that isn't real’: A proof‐of‐concept study evaluating ‘Project Real’, a co‐created intervention that helps young people to spot fake news online
Authors: Skipper Yvonne , Jolley Daniel , Reddington Joseph
Published: June 2023

As misinformation is one of the top risks facing the world today, it is vital to ensure that young people have the confidence and skills to recognize fake news. Therefore, we used co‐creation to develop an intervention (called ‘Project Real’) and tested its efficacy in a proof‐of‐concept study. One hundred and twenty‐six pupils aged 11–13 completed questionnaires before and after the intervention that measured confidence and ability to recognize fake news and the number of checks they would make before sharing news. Twenty‐seven pupils and three teachers participated in follow‐up discussions to evaluate Project Real. Quantitative data indicated that Project Real increased participants' confidence in recognizing fake news and the number of checks they intended to make before sharing news. However, there was no change in their ability to recognize fake news. Qualitative data indicated that participants felt that they had improved their skills and confidence in recognizing fake news, supporting the quantitative data.
Inter‐ and intracountry effects of the Covid‐19 pandemic on wages and economic growth
Authors: Afonso Óscar
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to investigate the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on technological knowledge, wage inequality, and economic growth, by proposing a Direct‐Technical‐Change model with two economies, an Innovative and other Follower. Six hypotheses are considered: (i) decrease in the unskilled‐labor supply, (ii) decrease in the absolute advantage of unskilled labor, (iii) decrease in the intensity of the unskilled sector, (iv) hypothesis (i) combined with a lower decrease in the skilled‐labor supply, (v) hypothesis (ii) combined with a lower decrease in the absolute advantage of skilled labor, (vi) all the variations previously considered. By comparing the steady states before and after the shock, we find an increase in the technological‐knowledge bias that favors the skill‐intensive sector, which positively affects the skill premium. However, in hypotheses (i) and (iv), the decrease in the relative supply of unskilled labor dominates the effect on the skill premium, which thus decreases. The economic growth rate is always penalized except for hypothesis (iii). Hypotheses (ii) and (iv) are undesirable because they increase wage inequality and penalize economic growth. Governments should support innovative activity, the engine of technological‐knowledge progress, and thus economic growth, but with caution not to exacerbate the skill premium.
The West African salt‐bearing rifted margin—Regional structural variability and salt tectonics between Gabon and Namibe
Authors: Pichel Leonardo M. , Legeay Etienne , Ringenbach Jean‐Claude , Callot Jean‐Paul
Published: June 2023

Salt‐bearing rifted margins comprise some of the most structurally complex and economically important sedimentary basin settings such as the South Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico salt basins. They are also involved with some of the largest uncertainties regarding the crustal and syn‐rift basin architecture and supra‐salt tectonic evolution, as well as the link between rifted margin architecture with salt deposition and post‐rift gravity‐driven salt tectonics. We thus conduct a margin‐scale study along nearly the entire West African salt basin, from South Gabon to Namibe, combining a vast data set of 2D and 3D seismic and well data with gravimetric and magnetic data to analyse its along‐strike rift and salt tectonic structural variability. We construct regional structural and thickness maps of key salt and post‐salt intervals to depict the history of individual margin segments and to investigate (1) how rifting and rifted margin architecture influences post‐rift salt tectonics evolution, (2) how these vary through time and space and (3) what are the controls between their different salt tectonic styles. We show that rifting and rift structures controlled the salt basin geometry, thickness and base‐salt relief in different ways for the different margin segments, and drastically influenced their post‐rift salt tectonic evolution. Differences in post‐salt sediment supply and continental uplift also had a role in their salt tectonic evolution. The results also have general implications to understand the interplay between rifted margin architecture with post‐rift salt tectonics for salt‐bearing rifted margins.
All‐cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes with sodium‐glucose Co‐transporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and with combination therapy in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Riley David R. , Essa Hani , Austin Philip , Preston Frank , Kargbo Isatu , Ibarburu Gema Hernández , Ghuman Ramandeep , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Alam Uazman
Published: June 2023

Aim

To assess the relationship of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor analogues (GLP‐1RA) and their combination (SGLT2i + GLP‐1RA) with 5‐year risk of all‐cause mortality, hospitalization and cardiovascular/macrovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis of 2.2 million people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin across 85 health care organizations using a global federated health research network. Three intervention cohorts (SGLT2i, GLP‐1RA and SGLT2i + GLP‐1RA) were compared against a control cohort (no SGLT2i/GLP‐1RA). Propensity score matching for age, ischaemic heart disease, sex, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure and glycated haemoglobin was used to balance cohorts 1:1 (SGLT2i, n = 143 600; GLP‐1RA, n = 186 841; SGLT‐2i + GLP‐1RA, n = 108 504). A sub‐analysis comparing combination and monotherapy cohorts was also performed.

Results

The intervention cohorts showed a reduced hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval) over 5 years compared with the control cohort for all‐cause mortality (SGLT2i 0.49, 0.48‐0.50; GLP‐1RA 0.47, 0.46‐0.48; combination 0.25, 0.24‐0.26), hospitalization (0.73, 0.72‐0.74; 0.69, 0.68‐0.69; 0.60, 0.59‐0.61) and acute myocardial infarct (0.75, 0.72‐0.78; 0.70, 0.68‐0.73; 0.63, 0.60‐0.66), respectively. All other outcomes showed a significant risk reduction in favour of the intervention cohorts. The sub‐analysis showed a significant risk reduction in all‐cause mortality for combination therapy versus SGLT2i (0.53, 0.50‐0.55) and GLP‐1RA (0.56, 0.54‐0.59).

Conclusions

SGLT2i, GLP‐1RAs or combination therapy confers mortality and cardiovascular protection in people with type 2 diabetes over 5 years. Combination therapy was associated with the greatest risk reduction in all‐cause mortality versus a propensity matched control cohort. In addition, combination therapy offers a reduction in 5‐year all‐cause mortality when compared directly against either monotherapy.
Does the type of task affect prey discrimination learning in avian predators?
Authors: Kuklová Lucia , Jůnová Lenka , Kišelová Martina , Kuncová Aneta , Exnerová Alice
Published: June 2023

When learning to discriminate between palatable and unpalatable prey, predators may encounter the prey either simultaneously or in a sequence. The two types of discrimination tasks, which are frequently used in experiments focused on aposematism and mimicry, may considerably differ in difficulty, as they differ in the information available to predators during individual encounters with prey. Surprisingly, there are very few studies directly comparing the performance of predators between sequential and simultaneous discrimination tasks using otherwise identical experimental design, the same predators and prey. We tested the effect of the type of discrimination task on the effectiveness of discrimination learning in adult and juvenile great tits (Parus major). Birds were trained to discriminate between palatable and unpalatable artificial prey items baited with mealworms soaked either in water or quinine. Prey shape, colours and patterns were derived from real shield bug species. We compared the performance of birds tested with two discriminative cues, colour and pattern, using three discrimination tasks: (1) sequential—alternating presentation of one palatable and one unpalatable prey item, (2) two‐choice—simultaneous presentation of one palatable and one unpalatable prey item and (3) multiple‐choice—simultaneous presentation of multiple palatable and unpalatable prey items. Colour was a more effective discriminative cue than pattern for both adult and juvenile birds. Adults performed better than juveniles regardless of task. The birds performed equally well in the sequential and two‐choice tasks, but their performance in the multiple‐choice task was worse than in the other two tasks. However, these differences were only present when the birds used the pattern as a discriminative cue. The birds tested with colour, a more salient cue, performed equally well in all three tasks. Type of discrimination task may therefore affect the learning performance of predators, but the effect also depends on the saliency of a particular discriminative cue.
Assessment of relationships between bullous pemphigoid and neurological diseases: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shen Shengxian , Chu Mengyang , Miao Haijun , Li Liang , Fang Hui , Li Xia , Zhu Zhenlai , Bai Yaxing , Chen Jiaoling , Zhang Jieyu , Shao Shuai , Dang Erle , Zhang Chen , Wang Gang , Qiao Hongjiang
Published: June 2023

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune vesiculobullous skin illness that tends to affect the elderly. Growing evidence has hinted a correlation between BP and neurological diseases. However, existing observational studies contained inconsistent results, and the causality and direction of their relationship remain poorly understood. To assess the causal relationship between BP and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) adopted independent top genetic variants as instruments from the largest accessible genome‐wide association studies (GWASs), with BP (n = 218 348), PD (n = 482 730), AD (n = 63 926), stroke (n = 446 696), and MS (n = 115 803). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, weighted mode methods, weighted median, and simple mode were performed to explore the causal association. Multiple sensitivity analyses, MR‐Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) was used to evaluate horizontal pleiotropy and remove outliers. With close‐to‐zero effect estimates, no causal impact of BP on the risk of the four neurological diseases was discovered. However, we found that MS was positively correlated with higher odds of BP (OR = 1.220, 95% CI: 1.058–1.408, p = 0.006), while no causal associations were observed between PD (OR = 0.821, 95% CI: 0.616–1.093, p = 0.176), AD (OR = 1.066, 95% CI: 0.873–1.358, p = 0.603), stroke (OR = 0.911, 95% CI: 0.485–1.713, p = 0.773) and odds of BP. In summary, no causal impact of BP on the risk of PD, AD, MS and stroke was detected in our MR analysis. However, reverse MR analysis identified that only MS was positively correlated with higher odds of BP, but not PD, AD and stroke.
Parental accepting and rejecting behaviors: Experiences of South Asian gay and bisexual men in Canada
Authors: Rana Monica , Nath Ronita , Saewyc Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Objective

This article explored the coming out experiences of South Asian gay and bisexual young men at home.

Background

Intersectionality theory suggests that lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth of color may experience double minority stress, due to facing the multiple stressors of sexual minority stigma and racism. Although family support has been identified as important social support for youth, little research has considered how well families support South Asian LGBTQ youth.

Method

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 gay and bisexual South Asian young men. Data were systematically analyzed according to the principles of interpretive description.

Results

Three overarching themes were identified in the analysis including that (a) parents were very concerned about what others would think about their child's sexual orientation; (b) parents demonstrated a wide range of reactions to their child's disclosure, which most commonly included anger, denial, and avoidance; and (c) there are a lack of resources for South Asian sexual minority youth.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that because of traditional homophobic attitudes espoused by South Asian cultures, South Asian gay and bisexual youth find it very challenging to navigate coming out to their parents. For the same reasons, it makes it very difficult for South Asian parents to accept their child's sexual orientation.

Implications

It is important that interventions to increase parental support of South Asian gay and bisexual youth are culturally relevant.
Lipids of different phytoplankton groups differ in sensitivity to degradation: Implications for carbon export
Authors: Godrijan Jelena , Marić Pfannkuchen Daniela , Djakovac Tamara , Frka Sanja , Gašparović Blaženka
Published: June 2023

The future of life on Earth depends on how the ocean might change, as it plays an important role in mitigating the effects of global warming. The main role is played by phytoplankton. Not only are phytoplankton the base of the oceans' food web, but they also play an important role in the biological carbon pump (BCP), the process of forming organic matter (OM) and transporting it to the deep sea, representing a sink of atmospheric CO2. Lipids are considered important vectors for carbon sequestration. A change in the phytoplankton community composition as a result of ocean warming is expected to affect the BCP. Many predictions indicate a dominance of small at the expense of large phytoplankton. To gain insight into interplay between the phytoplankton community structure, lipid production and degradation, and adverse environmental conditions, we analyzed phytoplankton composition, particulate organic carbon (POC) and its lipid fraction in the northern Adriatic over a period from winter to summer at seven stations with a gradient of trophic conditions. We found that at high salinity and low nutrient content, where nanophytoplankton prevailed over diatoms, the newly fixed carbon is substantially directed toward the synthesis of lipids. Lipids produced by nanophytoplankton, coccolithophores, and phytoflagellates, are more resistant to degradation than those produced by diatoms. The difference in lipid degradability is discussed as a difference in the size of the cell phycosphere. We hypothesize that the lipids of nanophytoplankton are less degradable due to the small phycosphere with a poorer bacterial community and consequently a lower lipid degradation rate compared with diatoms. The lipid chemical composition of the different phytoplankton groups could have a different susceptibility to degradation. Results suggest a successful lipid carbon sink of nanophytoplankton and, thus, a negative feedback on global warming.
MsaH2A.W is identified response to salt tolerance in Miscanthus sacchariflorus
Authors: Yu Ting , Wang Yancui , Xu Pingping , Cheng Senan , Hou Xinwei , Geng Guofeng , Pan Zhiqiang , Wang Shukai , Lu Dusheng , Gu Shubo , Xu Xitong , Liu Zhixin , Chen Cuixia
Published: June 2023

Miscanthus is a perennial forage plant with great potential for high stress tolerance and biomass yield. It has strong adaptability for growing in saline land and avoids competition with grain crops in arable lands. However, little is known about the underlying genetic basis of Miscanthus adaptation to salt stress. Two diploid species of the genus Miscanthus, Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus, were the focus of this study. The transcriptome variations of these varieties and their hybrid were analysed using RNA‐seq technology under salt treatment. The number of differentially expressed genes in M. sinensis was much higher than that in M. sacchariflorus and their hybrid under salt stress, which indicated that M. sacchariflorus and their hybrid require less transcriptional variation. In addition, most salt‐tolerant genes in the enriched salt‐tolerant pathways were induced in the roots of M. sinensis and constitutively highly expressed in the roots of M. sacchariflorus and their hybrid under salt stress. According to this expression pattern of known salt‐tolerant genes, a histone variant gene MsaH2A.W of M. sacchariflorus was mined and consequently proved for the first time that it could enhance the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overall, this study provides valuable genetic resources for studying the underlying genetic basis of salt stress resistance in Miscanthus. Identification of the salt tolerance gene MsaH2A.W can promote the genetic improvement and molecular breeding of salt‐resistant species.
Prevalence and associations of temporomandibular disorders in older Brazilian adults
Authors: Bof de Andrade Fabíola , Teixeira Doralice Severo da Cruz , Moreira Rafael da Silveira , de Oliveira Cesar
Published: June 2023

Objective

The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and describe associations in a representative sample of community‐dwelling older Brazilian adults.

Background

TMD cause recurrent or chronic pain and dysfunction with substantial impacts on quality of life, but little is known of their occurrence and associated factors among older adults.

Materials and Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study using data from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging, a nationally representative sample of older Brazilian adults aged 50 or older. The presence of temporomandibular disorder symptoms was measured by the Fonseca Anamnestic Index. Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, general health conditions and self‐reported oral health measures. The association between the independent variables and TMD symptoms was evaluated using logistic regression models.

Results

Complete information for the variables of interest was available for 9391 individuals. The overall prevalence of TMD symptoms was 18.0% (95% CI 14.4–22.1). Relative to older adults aged 50–59 those in all age categories had lower odds of TMD symptoms. Individuals with depression, pain, sleep problems and self‐reported poor general health had higher odds of reporting TMD symptoms. None of the oral health measures were related to TMD.

Conclusion

The prevalence of TMD symptoms among Brazilian older adults is associated with demographic and general health conditions, but not with dentition status.
Collective future orientation, group‐based emotions, and support for policy
Authors: Chernyak‐Hai Lily , Cohen‐Chen Smadar
Published: June 2023

While past studies have demonstrated the role of group‐based emotions in intergroup attitudes within the context of intractable conflicts, it is unknown how individual temporal perspectives, namely collective future orientations and political ideology, moderate the relationship between conflict‐related emotions and support for policies. In two exploratory studies, we adopted a functional approach to emotions in conflict and examined whether the associations between the three group‐based emotions of compassion, hope, and hatred and support for conciliatory versus aggressive policies were moderated by individual perceptions of collective future and by political ideology. The results indicate that the way group‐based emotions predict support for policies is moderated by both future and political orientation, such that high collective future orientation reduces the effect of positively‐valenced emotions on support for conciliatory policies, and increases the effect of negatively‐valenced emotions on support for aggressive policies, but only among leftwingers. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this nuanced link between group‐based emotions and support for policies, moderated by political ideology and collective future orientation.
Expansion processes of two emblematic Luehdorfia butterflies across the Japanese archipelago
Authors: Suzuki Shuto , Suzuki Toshifumi , Shibuya Yuki , Goto Mari , Yokoyama Jun , Kato Takanori , Ando Masaki , Okamoto Tomoko , Tsuchida Koji
Published: June 2023

Aim

Adaptation to local environments has been considered a driving force of ecological speciation. Previous phylogenetic studies at higher taxonomic levels have strongly suggested that herbivore diversification occurs through local adaptation to host plants. However, whether similar mechanisms contribute to within‐species diversification remains poorly understood. We reconstructed species expansion processes using the phylogenetic relationships between two Luehdorfia butterflies and their host plants and tested the local adaptation hypothesis during species diversification.

Location

Japanese archipelago.

Taxa

Luehdorfia japonica and L. puziloi.

Methods

We analysed mitochondrial DNA and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to trace the expansion processes of two species in the Japanese archipelago. We analysed data collected during trans‐host plant feeding experiments to test for local host plant adaptation in L. japonica.

Results

Luehdorfia japonica differentiated 17.0 million years ago (MYA) from a group of four Luehdorfia species in East Asia, and L. puziloi differentiated 13.3 MYA from the remaining three species. We observed several genetic groups in both species, reflecting geographical differences among populations. Some host plants had detrimental effects on the pupation rates of L. japonica, demonstrating the presence of genetic barriers between populations of this species.

Main Conclusions

Although these two sibling species were influenced by the geological formation of the Japanese archipelago, their present population structures differ greatly: L. japonica expanded its distribution and adapted to local host plants along at least four expansion routes independent of host plant phylogeny, and L. puziloi exhibited a more isolated population structure and was less strongly influenced by gene flow among populations. These results suggest that both isolation by distance and isolation by adaptation have been important drivers resulting in the present‐day population structure of L. japonica. Unidirectional gene flow through local adaptation to the host plant may have played a role in initial speciation.
HMSCs exosome‐derived miR‐199a‐5p attenuates sulfur mustard‐associated oxidative stress via the CAV1/NRF2 signalling pathway
Authors: Gong Chuchu , Gu Zhengyan , Zhang Xinkang , Xu Qingqiang , Mao Guanchao , Pei Zhipeng , Meng Wenqi , Cen Jinfeng , Liu Jihao , He Xiaowen , Sun Mingxue , Xiao Kai
Published: June 2023

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a blister‐producing chemical warfare agent which could lead to a cascade of systemic damage, especially severe acute lung injury. Oxidative stress is considered to be vital processes for the SM toxicity mechanism. We previously proved the therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in promoting the repair of alveolar epithelial barrier and inhibiting apoptosis. However, the key functional components in exosomes and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elaborated. This research shed light on the function of the key components of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (HMSCs‐Ex). We noted that HMSCs‐Ex‐derived miR‐199a‐5p played a vital role in reducing pneumonocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis by reducing reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation products and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in BEAS‐2B cells and mouse models after exposure to SM for 24 h. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the overexpression of miR‐199a‐5p in HMSCs‐Ex treatment induced a further decrease of Caveolin1 and the activation of the mRNA and protein level of NRF2, HO1 and NQO1, compared with HMSCs‐Ex administration. In summary, miR‐199a‐5p was one of the key molecules in HMSCs‐Ex that attenuated SM‐associated oxidative stress via regulating CAV1/NRF2 signalling pathway.
Effects of sturgeon fillet intake on top‐ranked Japanese female long‐distance runners
Authors: Haraguchi Naoki , Nakao Hiroyuki , Sakakibara Yoichi , Tamura Hiroki , Nagahama Kiyoko , Sakurai Keiko , Sameshima Hiroshi , Schauerte Michael , Ikenoue Tsuyomu , Katsuragi Shinji
Published: June 2023

Aims

The aim of this study is to investigate whether consumption of sturgeon fillets reduces the oxidative stress marker urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) in top‐ranked Japanese female long‐distance runners.

Methods

In a before‐and‐after study, nine professional long‐distance female athletes ate 100 g/day of sturgeon fillets for 2 weeks. Urinalysis (8OHdG, an oxidative stress marker, and creatinine), blood tests (fatty acids and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD]), exercise intensity, subjective fatigue, muscle elasticity, muscle mass, body fat mass, and nutritional intake using image‐based dietary assessment (IBDA) were compared before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention.

Results

Consumption of sturgeon fillets suppressed 8OHdG (p < 0.05) in the increased exercise intensity female athletes. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and 25OHD levels in blood increased from before to immediately after and 1 month after the intervention (p < 0.05). IBDA showed that intake of n‐3 fatty acid increased after and one month after the intervention, whereas DHA, imidazole dipeptide and vitamin D intake increased after the intervention (p < 0.05) and then decreased after 1 month (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in subjective fatigue, muscle elasticity, muscle mass, and body fat.

Conclusions

The results suggest that eating sturgeon fillets during intense training may increase blood levels of EPA, DHA, and 25OHD, which may suppress urinary oxidative stress (8OHdG) in top‐ranked Japanese long‐distance runners.
Reducing Symbolic Compliance: The Presence of Multiple Large Shareholders as an Internal Monitoring Mechanism
Authors: Li Weiwen , Zhang Yan ‘Anthea’ , Li Xinchun
Published: June 2023

We propose that in a context where corporate ownership is concentrated, the controlling shareholder of a firm tends to symbolically comply to regulatory requirements that aim to protect minority shareholders; yet the presence of multiple large shareholders can serve as an internal monitoring mechanism that can reduce symbolic compliance. We test this argument through examining firm responses to a regulatory requirement regarding independent accounting director appointments in China. Using data on China's listed non‐state‐owned enterprises, we find that the presence of multiple large shareholders decreases the likelihood of symbolic compliance, and this negative effect is stronger when noncontrolling large shareholders have low incentives to collude with the controlling shareholder. We also find that a firm engaging in symbolic compliance tends to have a greater level of tunnelling (by the largest shareholder) and earnings management. Our study contributes to the literature on symbolic management in an institutional setting where ownership is concentrated.
Current status and characterization of Phytophthora species associated with gummosis of citrus in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Van Tran Quang , Ha Cuong Viet , Vvedensky Valentin Valentinovich , Han Viet‐Cuong
Published: June 2023

Phytophthora species have long been reported to cause Phytophthora disease in citrus with symptoms of gummosis, root rot and fruit brown rot. Due to the lack of an up‐to‐date investigation of Phytophthora species currently causing the disease in Northern Vietnam, this study aimed to determine the current Phytophthora species associated with the disease in this region. An extensive collection of diseased samples was conducted in the main citrus‐growing areas in Northern Vietnam from 2021 to 2022. Fifty‐four Phytophthora isolates were obtained and initially divided into four groups based on morphological characteristics, including colony morphology, mycelial growth rate and reproductive structures. Representative Phytophthora isolates from each group were then identified as P. palmivora, P. nicotianae, P. citrophthora and P. mekongensis based on the phylogenetic analysis of ITS and cox1 gene sequences. Pathogenicity tests showed that these four Phytophthora species induce gummosis and brown rot on pomelo, orange and lime, with pomelo being the most susceptible, followed by orange and lime, respectively. Koch's postulates were confirmed. All the Phytophthora species were sensitive to various fungicides including mancozeb, metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, fosetyl aluminium, potassium phosphonate and dimethomorph, of which metalaxyl was the most potent inhibitor of colony growth. Our findings provide updated information on the current Phytophthora species associated with gummosis in citrus in Northern Vietnam, with P. mekongensis being recorded for the first time in this region. This will serve as a reference for Phytophthora studies on citrus in the future and for developing an integrated management strategy for Phytophthora disease.
Comparison of cystocentesis versus home sampling to determine urinary protein: Creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity in cats
Authors: Mortier Femke , Daminet Sylvie , Duchateau Luc , Marynissen Sofie J. J. , Paepe Dominique
Published: June 2023

Background

Urinalysis is necessary for the diagnostic evaluation of chronic kidney disease in cats. Performing cystocentesis is not always feasible, but data comparing urine obtained by cystocentesis in the clinic with voided samples collected at home are lacking in cats.

Objectives

To compare urinary protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) and urine specific gravity (USG) and to detect clinically relevant changes in proteinuria substage or urine concentration between urine collected at home and in‐clinic by cystocentesis in cats.

Animals

Ninety‐two healthy and diseased client‐owned cats.

Methods

Prospective study. Owners collected voided urine at home and within 1 to 15 hours, cystocentesis was performed in the clinic.

Results

In a subset of motivated owners, 55% succeeded in collecting urine at home. Overall, UPC was higher (mean ±SD difference = 0.09 ±0.22; P < .001) and USG was lower (mean ±SD difference = −0.006 ±0.009; P < .001) in cystocentesis samples than in voided urine. Substantial agreement existed between sampling methods for UPC (weighted к = 0.68) and USG (к = 0.64) categories. A different proteinuria substage (UPC < 0.2, 0.2‐0.4, >0.4) was present in paired urine samples from 28% of cats. In 18% of cats, urine concentrating ability (USG < or ≥1.035) differed between both samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Home sampling of urine is a valid alternative to cystocentesis in cats. However, because clinically relevant differences in UPC and USG were present in 28% and 18% of cats, respectively, by the same collection method for monitoring each cat is advised.
Effects of dietary black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) oil on growth performance, hemato‐biochemical and histopathology of cypermethrin‐intoxicated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Öz Mustafa , Üstüner Enes , Bölükbaş Ferhan
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) oil on growth performance, hemato‐biochemical, and histopathology of cypermethrin‐intoxicated Nile tilapia. After determining the LC50 (96 h) value of cypermethrin, cypermethrin was added to the water at a ratio of 1:20 of this concentration, and the fish were fed for 42 days. To reduce the effects of cypermethrin, 1% black cumin oil was added to the fish feed as a potential protectant. Growth parameters, hematology, blood biochemistry, and histopathological changes of Nile tilapia were examined after the feeding period. In this study, the best growth was observed in the group fed with feed containing 1% black cumin oil, while the worst growth performance was observed in the group fed with water containing cypermethrin and without black cumin oil in the feed. As a result of the study, it was observed that black cumin oil added to the fish diet reduced the negative effects of water‐borne cypermethrin on growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, and histopathological parameters of Nile tilapia.
Supraglottic airway device versus tracheal tube for pediatric laparoscopic surgery—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anjishnujit , Puri Sunaakshi , Ashok Vighnesh
Published: June 2023

Background

Conventionally, tracheal tubes have been used for general anesthesia in pediatric laparoscopic surgeries. Recently, supraglottic devices are being used for the same. The performance of supraglottic devices versus tracheal tubes in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery is uncertain.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared supraglottic devices versus tracheal tubes in patients ≤18 years undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia was conducted. The outcomes were peak airway pressures (cm H2O), end‐tidal carbon dioxide during pneumoperitoneum (mm Hg), recovery time (min), postoperative sore throat and adverse events. Mean difference and odds ratio, with 95% confidence intervals were reported using a random effect model.

Results

Eight trials (n = 591) were included in the final meta‐analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in the peak airway pressures (MD 0.58, 95% CI: −0.65 to 1.8; p = .36) and end‐tidal carbon dioxide (MD −0.60, 95% CI: −2.00 to 0.80; p = .40) during pneumoperitoneum in the supraglottic device and the tracheal tube group. The tracheal tube group had higher odds of sore throat (OR 3.30, 95% CI: 1.69–6.45; p = .0005) and the supraglottic airway group had faster recovery time (MD 4.21, 95% CI: 3.12–5.31; p < .0001), which were statistically significant. The certainty of evidence is graded low.

Conclusion

There is low quality evidence to suggest that for pediatric laparoscopic surgeries of short duration, supraglottic devices could provide comparable intraoperative ventilation in terms of peak airway pressures and end tidal carbon dioxide, with lower odds of postoperative sore throat and faster recovery time when compared to tracheal tubes.
Effect of ascorbic acid on metabolic status, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and quality of frozen Indian red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus murghi) semen
Authors: Rakha Bushra Allah , Ansari Muhammad Sajjad , Zuha Sumiyyah , Akhter Shamim
Published: June 2023

The Indian red jungle fowl population is decreasing in its natural habitat. Its conservation through semen cryopreservation with sufficient live sperm recovery rate is requisite where ascorbic acid could play significant role to mitigate cryo‐incited injuries. The objective was to elucidate the effect of ascorbic acid on freezability of Indian red jungle fowl sperm. Pooled semen was aliquoted and diluted (1:5) with red fowl extender having ascorbic acid: 0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mM. Diluted samples were cryopreserved and semen quality was assessed at post‐dilution, cooling, equilibration and freeze–thawing stages. Sperm metabolic status, antioxidant potential and lipid peroxidation were studied at post‐dilution and freeze–thawing. Sperm motility did not differ (p > .05) in experimental extenders and control at post‐dilution and cooling; however, it was recorded higher (p < .05) with ascorbic acid at 2.0 mM compared with other levels at post‐equilibration and post‐thawing stage. Sperm viability, plasma membrane and acrosome intactness were recorded higher (p < .05) with 2.0 mM ascorbic acid compared with other concentrations of ascorbic acid at all stages of cryopreservation. Sperm metabolic status and antioxidant potential were recorded higher (p < .05), while lipid peroxidation was recorded lowest (p < .05) with 2.0 mM ascorbic acid compared with 1.0, 4.0 mM and control. In conclusion, ascorbic acid at 2.0 mM in red fowl extender improves quality, metabolic status and antioxidant potential of frozen Indian red jungle fowl semen through ameliorating lipid peroxidation.
Viable lives: Life beyond survival in rural North India
Authors: Dyson Jane , Jeffrey Craig
Published: June 2023

Many minoritised and marginalised populations, including young people, are debating what constitutes a ‘survivable life’ and, in turn, how life can be arranged so that it is more than just survival. Notwithstanding these trends, however, there is little scholarly work on local discourses and practices of life and viability. This paper addresses this gap by examining the spatial and temporal process through which young people imagine and build viable lives in an area of the Indian Himalayas. We highlight the importance for these young people of building life as ‘jeevan’, an idea particularly associated with survival. We also highlight the significance they attach to protecting a wider, ‘puri life’ (‘whole life’), a process that affords opportunities for enjoyment and ethical fulfilment beyond survival. This account of life thought ‘on the ground’ provides a basis for reflecting on Agamben's (Homo sacer: Sovereign power and bare life. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press; 1998) arguments about the prevalence of ‘bare life’ in the contemporary world.
Extended sample storage for platelet function testing in healthy dogs
Authors: Dickinson Melanie , Abrams‐Ogg Anthony , Blois Shauna L. , Wood R. Darren , Monteith Gabrielle
Published: June 2023

Background

Platelet function testing is important for monitoring the effects of antiplatelet therapy but is not readily used due to time constraints for testing and the need for specialized equipment.

Objectives

This study evaluated the effects of various storage methods on selected platelet function tests to determine if delayed platelet function testing is feasible in canine blood samples. Our hypotheses were that platelet function would not decline during storage and, thus, no differences in test results would be found over time.

Methods

Thirteen healthy dogs were studied. Citrated blood samples were tested with a Platelet Function Analyzer‐200 (PFA), which mimics high‐shear conditions, using P2Y and CADP cartridges, after being held at room temperature for 2 h and refrigerated for 24 and 48 h. Plateletworks (PW), which measures aggregation based on platelet counting, was performed on an optical hematology analyzer using 10‐min‐old native samples, citrated samples held at room temperature for 3–4 h and refrigerated for 24 and 48 h, and samples stored in the preservative solution, AGGFix, up to 7 days.

Results

PFA closure times increased with storage, especially with the P2Y cartridge. Median aggregation with fresh PW was 94%, and this was maintained at all time points (range of median values 88%–94%). Most samples showed decreased, yet still robust (>70%), aggregation with longer storage. Spontaneous aggregation in citrate was noted in most dogs. AGGFix stabilized platelet aggregates to allow for delayed testing.

Conclusions

Delayed platelet function testing is feasible, but ranges of expected values may differ from tests using fresh samples.
Investigation of Thermal-Flow Behavior and Droplet Dynamics of Mist Sweeping Impinging Jet Cooling
Authors: Wang Ting , Abdelmaksoud Ramy
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a 2-D numerical study to investigate the fluid flow behavior and cooling characteristics caused by injecting tiny water droplets into the sweeping air jet through a fluidic oscillator. An unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulation accompanied with the k–ω SST turbulence model is used in this study. The movement and evaporation of the mist are simulated by using the discrete phase model (DPM). The study has been conducted for a target wall with a constant heat flux of 3,000 W/m2, jet-to-wall distance of 4D, ReD = 2,500, and a mist/air mass ratio of 5% with a droplet size of 5 microns. A comparison between the cooling performance of steady and sweeping jets is presented for two impingement schemes (i.e., confined and unconfined impingement). The approach of using a slip upper wall boundary condition as an alternative to the unconfined impingement scheme is investigated as well. The results show that adding mist provided a temperature reduction of 5–10% on the target wall in all cases when compared to the air cases. Mist mostly follows the air jet behavior in both steady and sweeping jets in both impingement schemes. The liquid droplet coalescence phenomenon prevails in the sweeping jet case, while it is not as significant in the steady jet case. For the confined impingement, both mist jets provided the similar average temperature reduction. However, the steady mist jet introduced a 58% more target wall shear compared to the sweeping mist jet. For the unconfined impingement, the steady mist jet achieved a better average cooling performance compared to that of the sweeping mist jet. However, the steady mist jet introduced a 72% more target wall shear compared to the sweeping mist jet. Using a slip upper wall boundary condition to reduce the computational time resulted in similar average heat transfer distribution on the target wall to the unconfined case. However, the flow pattern, vortical structures, and droplet dynamics were very different.
“Who Am I to Tell Them How to Coach?”—An Analysis of Coach Developers’ Professional Identity Formation
Authors: Davidson James , Townsend Robert C.
Published: June 2023

Coach developers play a critical role in the development of coaches. However, coach developers themselves remain under-researched, in particular the socially mediated process of becoming a coach developer is poorly understood. Eleven coach developers working across Regional and National Sports Governing Bodies took part in a series of interviews and in situ observations over the course of 12 months. Engaging a reflexive thematic analysis, this paper focuses on the power relations that contour the transitions into coach developer roles. Specifically, the analysis depicts an identity-making process in which power is exerted through different sites and modalities that structure and regulate coach developers’ practice and roles through shared discourses. In efforts to secure their positions and maintain legitimate identities, coach developers operated within an uncritical selective culture, which saw them wield, maintain, and enhance the power provided to them. Building on existing research, we examine the contested nature of what it means to be a coach developer, specifically showcasing the navigation of inherently unstable professional learning cultures and critiquing coach developer training. This work begins to address calls for the voices of coach developers in their research, while identifying the reproduction of a cultural orthodoxy, and the lack of effective in situ coach developer training. Implications from the research suggest that further support and development are required in the training of coach developers in situ, as well as the need for research to interrogate the language and discourse framing the role.
Initiating and Sustaining a Teacher-Initiated Community of Practice as a Form of Continuing Professional Development: Internal Leaders’ Perspectives
Authors: Ko Bomna , Lee Yun Soo , Wallhead Tristan
Published: June 2023

Background: Communities of practice (CoP) have been proposed as a promising form of continuing professional development for teachers’ learning. However, there remains limited understanding of the processes and factors that sustain teacher-initiated CoP. Purpose: This study provides a qualitative examination of a group of internal leaders’ perspectives on how a large teacher-initiated CoP in South Korea was established and sustained as an effective form of continuing professional development. Methods: Data included semistructured interviews with the internal leaders, Website artifacts, and researchers’ reflective journals, and were analyzed through inductive analysis. Results: Findings included the following: (a) shared passion for good teaching, (b) widening professional network, (c) collaboration through sharing, and (d) continuing professional development opportunities via technology. Discussion: The CoP were initiated by a group of teachers with a shared value for improving their teaching in schools and were sustained through online and offline interactions that created a safe space for sharing ideas, collaborative interactions, and learning opportunities.
A localized hydrogel-mediated chemotherapy causes immunogenic cell death via activation of ceramide-mediated unfolded protein response
Authors: Kar Animesh , Jain Dolly , Kumar Sandeep , Rajput Kajal , Pal Sanjay , Rana Kajal , Kar Raunak , Jha Somesh K. , Medatwal Nihal , Yavvari Prabhu Srinivas , Pandey Nishant , Mehta Devashish , Sharma Harsh , Bhattacharya Debanjan , Pradhan Manas K. , Sharma Ravi Datta , Srivastava Aasheesh , Agrawal Usha , Mukhopadhyay Arnab , Sengupta Sagar , Patil Veena S. , Bajaj Avinash , Dasgupta Ujjaini
Published: June 2023

Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is challenging because of its “COLD” tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). Here, we present a hydrogel-mediated localized delivery of a combination of docetaxel (DTX) and carboplatin (CPT) (called DTX-CPT-Gel therapy) that ensured enhanced anticancer effect and tumor regression on multiple murine syngeneic and xenograft tumor models. DTX-CPT-Gel therapy modulated the TIME by an increase of antitumorigenic M1 macrophages, attenuation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and increase of granzyme B
+
CD8
+
T cells. DTX-CPT-Gel therapy elevated ceramide levels in tumor tissues that activated the protein kinase R (PKR)–like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)–mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). This UPR-mediated activation of apoptotic cell death led to release of damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby activating the immunogenic cell death that could even clear the metastatic tumors. This study provides a promising hydrogel-mediated platform for DTX-CPT therapy that induces tumor regression and effective immune modulation and, therefore, can be explored further for treatment of TNBC.