bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersion of evaporating cough droplets in tropical outdoor environment
Authors: Li Hongying , Leong Fong Yew , Xu George , Ge Zhengwei , Kang Chang Wei , Lim Keng Hui
Published: November 2020

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has focused our attention on airborne droplet transmission. In this study, we simulate the dispersion of cough droplets in a tropical outdoor environment, accounting for the effects of non-volatile components on droplet evaporation. The effects of relative humidity, wind speed, and social distancing on evaporative droplet transport are investigated. Transmission risks are evaluated based on SARS-CoV-2 viral deposition on a person standing 1 m or 2 m away from the cougher. Our results show that the travel distance for a 100 µm droplet can be up to 6.6 m under a wind speed of 2 m/s. This can be further increased under dry conditions. We found that the travel distance of a small droplet is relatively insensitive to relative humidity. For a millimetric droplet, the projected distance can be more than 1 m, even in still air. Significantly greater droplets and viral deposition are found on a body 1 m away from a cougher, compared to 2 m. Despite low inhalation exposure based on a single cough, infection risks may still manifest through successive coughs or higher viral loadings.
On different kinetic approaches for computing planar gas expansion under pulsed evaporation into vacuum
Authors: Morozov A. A. , Frolova A. A. , Titarev V. A.
Published: November 2020

The numerical study of one-dimensional gas expansion under pulsed evaporation into vacuum is carried out on the basis of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, the exact Boltzmann kinetic equation, and the S-model kinetic equation. The results are presented for various levels of evaporation intensity, defined by the amount of evaporated material. Special attention has been paid to the calculation of the average axial energy of particles, the velocity vector of which deviates from the axis by no more than a small prescribed angle α. This characteristic of the flow is important for analysis of time-of-flight distributions in pulsed laser ablation. It is found that for intense evaporation, the average axial energy has a maximum as a function of time. The presented results allow us to establish the relative accuracy of the considered kinetic approaches for various flow regimes.
Supersonic and near-equilibrium gas-driven granular flow
Authors: Wang Junwu , Zhao Peng , Zhao Bidan
Published: November 2020

Studies have found the surprising ability of hydrodynamic theory, which is based on the validity of the local thermodynamic equilibrium postulate, to capture the main features of shock waves in supersonic granular gases. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. To explore the factors underpinning the relationship between hydrodynamic theory and the behavior of shock waves in granular gases, a discrete particle method was used to systematically study gas-driven granular flow in gas–solid fluidized beds. It was shown that the flow of granular gases is typically supersonic, consistent with the previous understanding of shear granular flow. However, the Knudsen numbers and entropy criterion, which are used to quantify the distance from the local thermodynamic equilibrium state, were generally small. This finding explains why hydrodynamic theory can describe the behavior of supersonic granular flows; that is, shock waves in granular gases are locally near-equilibrium even though they are supersonic. This study also indicates that shock waves in ordinary gases and granular gases are fundamentally different.
Quasi-polynomial mappings with constant Jacobian
Authors: Pinchuk S. I.
Published: November 2020

The famous Jacobian conjecture (JC) remains open even for dimension

. In this paper we study it by extending the class of polynomial mappings to quasi-polynomial ones. We show that any possible non-invertible polynomial mapping with non-zero constant Jacobian can be transformed into a special reduced form by a sequence of elementary transformations.
A basis for a partially commutative metabelian group
Authors: Timoshenko E. I.
Published: November 2020

We find explicitly a basis for the derived group of a partially commutative metabelian group and describe a canonical representation for the elements of the group.
Holomorphic mappings between domains with low boundary regularity
Authors: Sukhov A. B.
Published: November 2020

We study the boundary regularity of proper holomorphic mappings between strictly pseudoconvex domains with boundaries of low regularity.
Simple solutions of the Burgers and Hopf equations
Authors: Beloshapka V. K.
Published: November 2020

We describe all solutions of the Burgers equation of analytic complexity not exceeding

. It turns out that all such solutions fall into four families of dimensions not exceeding

that are represented by elementary functions. An example of a family of solutions of the Burgers equation of complexity

is given. A similar problem is also solved for the Hopf equation. It turns out that all solutions to the Hopf equation of complexity

form a two-parameter family of fractional-linear functions which coincides with one of the families of solutions of the Burgers equation.
Holomorphically homogeneous CR-manifolds and their model surfaces
Authors: Stepanova M. A.
Published: November 2020

We show that the model surface of a germ of a holomorphically homogeneous CR-manifold is holomorphically homogeneous. We also obtain restrictions on the multiplicities in the Bloom–Graham type of a germ of a holomorphically homogeneous CR-manifold.
Tau functions of solutions of soliton equations
Authors: Domrin A. V.
Published: November 2020

In the holomorphic version of the inverse scattering method, we prove that the determinant of a Toeplitz-type Fredholm operator arising in the solution of the inverse problem is an entire function of the spatial variable for all potentials whose scattering data belong to a Gevrey class strictly less than 1. As a corollary, we establish that, up to a constant factor, every local holomorphic solution of the Korteweg–de Vries equation is the second logarithmic derivative of an entire function of the spatial variable. We discuss the possible order of growth of this entire function. Analogous results are given for all soliton equations of parabolic type.
Yang–Baxter algebras, convolution algebras, and Grassmannians
Authors: Gorbunov V. G. , Korff C. , Stroppel C.
Published: November 2020

This paper surveys a new actively developing direction in contemporary mathematics which connects quantum integrable models with the Schubert calculus for quiver varieties: there is a purely geometric construction of solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation and their associated Yang–Baxter algebras which play a central role in quantum integrable systems and exactly solvable (integrable) lattice models in statistical physics. A simple but explicit example is given using the classical geometry of Grassmannians in order to explain some of the main ideas. The degenerate five-vertex limit of the asymmetric six-vertex model is considered, and its associated Yang–Baxter algebra is identified with a convolution algebra arising from the equivariant Schubert calculus of Grassmannians. It is also shown how our methods can be used to construct quotients of the universal enveloping algebra of the current algebra

(so-called Schur-type algebras) acting on the tensor product of copies of its evaluation representation

. Finally, our construction is connected with the cohomological Hall algebra for the

-quiver.

Bibliography: 125 titles.
Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates and Goldman brackets
Authors: Chekhov L. O.
Published: November 2020

It is explicitly shown that the Poisson bracket on the set of shear coordinates defined by V. V. Fock in 1997 induces the Fenchel–Nielsen bracket on the set of gluing parameters (length and twist parameters) for pair-of-pants decompositions of Riemann surfaces

with holes. These structures are generalized to the case of Riemann surfaces

with holes and bordered cusps.

Bibliography: 49 titles.
Renormalized solutions of elliptic equations with variable exponents and general measure data
Authors: Kozhevnikova L. M.
Published: November 2020

A class of second-order elliptic equations with variable nonlinearity exponents and the right-hand side in the form of the general Radon measure with finite total variation is considered. The existence of a renormalized solution of the Dirichlet problem is proved as a consequence of stability with respect to the convergence of the right-hand side of the equation.

Bibliography: 37 titles.
Nipah virus dynamics in bats and implications for spillover to humans
Authors: Epstein Jonathan H. , Anthony Simon J. , Islam Ariful , Kilpatrick A. Marm , Ali Khan Shahneaz , Balkey Maria D. , Ross Noam , Smith Ina , Zambrana-Torrelio Carlos , Tao Yun , Islam Ausraful , Quan Phenix Lan , Olival Kevin J. , Khan M. Salah Uddin , Gurley Emily S. , Hossein M. Jahangir , Field Hume E. , Fielder Mark D. , Briese Thomas , Rahman Mahmudur , Broder Christopher C. , Crameri Gary , Wang Lin-Fa , Luby Stephen P. , Lipkin W. Ian , Daszak Peter
Published: November 2020

Significance

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus and World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen that causes near-annual outbreaks in Bangladesh and India with >75% mortality. This work advances our understanding of transmission of NiV in its natural bat reservoir by analyzing data from a 6-y multidisciplinary study of serology, viral phylogenetics, bat ecology, and immunology. We show that outbreaks in
Pteropus
bats are driven by increased population density, loss of immunity over time, and viral recrudescence, resulting in multiyear interepizootic periods. Incidence is low, but bats carry NiV across Bangladesh and can shed virus at any time of year, highlighting the importance of routes of transmission to the timing and location of human NiV outbreaks.
The evolutionary origin and domestication history of goldfish (
Carassius auratus
)
Authors: Chen Duo , Zhang Qing , Tang Weiqi , Huang Zhen , Wang Gang , Wang Yongjun , Shi Jiaxian , Xu Huimin , Lin Lianyu , Li Zhen , Chi Wenchao , Huang Likun , Xia Jing , Zhang Xingtan , Guo Lin , Wang Yuanyuan , Ma Panpan , Tang Juan , Zhou Gang , Liu Min , Liu Fuyan , Hua Xiuting , Wang Baiyu , Shen Qiaochu , Jiang Qing , Lin Jingxian , Chen Xuequn , Wang Hongbo , Dou Meijie , Liu Lei , Pan Haoran , Qi Yiying , Wu Bin , Fang Jingping , Zhou Yitao , Cen Wan , He Wenjin , Zhang Qiujin , Xue Ting , Lin Gang , Zhang Wenchun , Liu Zhongjian , Qu Liming , Wang Aiming , Ye Qichang , Chen Jianming , Zhang Yanding , Ming Ray , Van Montagu Marc , Tang Haibao , Van de Peer Yves , Chen Youqiang , Zhang Jisen
Published: November 2020

Significance

We assembled one of the most contiguous genomes for the common goldfish and unveiled the genetic architecture of many well-known and anatomically interesting traits, owing to the sequencing of a large collection of goldfish varieties. The datasets that we have generated for candidate genes or genomic regions based on population genomics may help to elucidate the evolution of goldfish and goldfish varieties and may provide a resource for a wide range of studies with important implications for the use of goldfish as a model for vertebrate and fish genetics.
Rapid identification of a human antibody with high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in three animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Chuan , Drelich Aleksandra , Martinez David R. , Gralinski Lisa E. , Sun Zehua , Schäfer Alexandra , Kulkarni Swarali S. , Liu Xianglei , Leist Sarah R. , Zhelev Doncho V. , Zhang Liyong , Kim Ye-Jin , Peterson Eric C. , Conard Alex , Mellors John W. , Tseng Chien-Te K. , Falzarano Darryl , Baric Ralph S. , Dimitrov Dimiter S.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Effective therapies are urgently needed for COVID-19. We rapidly (within a week) identified a fully human monoclonal germline-like antibody (ab1) from phage-displayed libraries that potently inhibited mouse ACE2-adapted SARS-CoV-2 replication in wild-type BALB/c mice and native virus in transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 as well as in hamsters when administered before virus challenge. It was also effective when administered after virus infection of hamsters, although at lower efficacy than when used prophylactically. Ab1 was highly specific and did not bind to human cell membrane-associated proteins. It also exhibited good developability properties including complete lack of aggregation. Ab1 has potential for prophylaxis and therapy of COVID-19 alone or in combination with other agents.
Redox-mediated regulation of an evolutionarily conserved cross-β structure formed by the TDP43 low complexity domain
Authors: Lin Yi , Zhou Xiaoming , Kato Masato , Liu Daifei , Ghaemmaghami Sina , Tu Benjamin P. , McKnight Steven L.
Published: November 2020

Significance

The TDP43 RNA binding protein is frequently aggregated in the brain tissue of patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Human genetic studies of patients suffering from ALS have identified scores of missense mutations clustered within a localized region of the TDP43 protein. This region is of low sequence complexity and has been thought to exist in a state of structural disorder under conditions of proper TDP43 function. The present study gives evidence that the low complexity domain of TDP43 self-associates into a specific structural conformation that may be important to its normal biological function. Unlike prototypic low complexity domains, that of TDP43 is methionine-rich. Evidence is presented suggestive of the utility of these methionine residues in oxidation-mediated regulation of TDP43 function.
CEACAMs serve as toxin-stimulated receptors for enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
Authors: Sheikh Alaullah , Tumala Brunda , Vickers Tim J. , Alvarado David , Ciorba Matthew A. , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Qadri Firdausi , Singer Bernhard B. , Fleckenstein James M.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC), a leading cause of acute watery diarrheal illness in children, have also been linked to nondiarrheal sequelae including malnutrition. ETEC produce heat-labile toxin (LT) to stimulate the production of cellular cAMP, ultimately modulating ion channels to release salt and water into the intestinal lumen, resulting in diarrhea. Given the importance of cAMP as a “second messenger,” we reasoned that cellular features could be altered by LT to benefit the bacteria. Interestingly, we found that LT-mediated increases in cAMP stimulate production of CEACAMs, a family of cell surface glycoproteins, which then serve as receptors for ETEC. Collectively, our findings may have implications for our understanding of toxin-mediated illness as well as sequelae associated with these important pathogens.
A biomimetic five-module chimeric antigen receptor (
5M
CAR) designed to target and eliminate antigen-specific T cells
Authors: Kobayashi Shio , Thelin Martin A. , Parrish Heather L. , Deshpande Neha R. , Lee Mark S. , Karimzadeh Alborz , Niewczas Monika A. , Serwold Thomas , Kuhns Michael S.
Published: November 2020

Significance

T cells are driven by five-module receptor complexes composed of a T cell receptor (TCR) module, three CD3 signaling modules, and a coreceptor module. We adapted this architecture to engineer a biomimetic five-module chimeric antigen receptor (
5M
CAR) that consists of a chimeric receptor module, composed of the antigen recognized by pathogenic T cells fused to elements of the TCR that facilitate assembly with the three CD3 modules, and a surrogate coreceptor module that enhances signaling. We show that cytotoxic T lymphocytes expressing
5M
CARs can rapidly eliminate pathogenic T cells and prevent them from mediating autoimmune disease in mice. Overall, this work describes a CAR platform and its use in mitigating T cell-mediated pathologies.
High-order mutants reveal an essential requirement for peroxidases but not laccases in Casparian strip lignification
Authors: Rojas-Murcia Nelson , Hématy Kian , Lee Yuree , Emonet Aurélia , Ursache Robertas , Fujita Satoshi , De Bellis Damien , Geldner Niko
Published: November 2020

Significance

Lignin is a defining polymer of vascular plants and of great physiological, ecological, and economical importance. Yet, its polymerization in the cell wall is still not understood. Lignin polymerizing enzymes, laccases and peroxidases, exist in vast numbers in plant genomes. By focusing on a specific lignin structure, the ring-like Casparian strips (CSs), we reduced candidate numbers and abolished essentially all laccases with detectable endodermal expression. Yet, not even slight defects in CS formation were detected. By contrast, a quintuple peroxidase mutant displayed a complete absence of CS. Our findings suggest that cells lignify differently depending on whether lignin is localized or ubiquitous and whether cells stay alive during and after lignification, as well as the composition of the cell wall.
Pheno-RNA, a method to associate genes with a specific phenotype, identifies genes linked to cellular transformation
Authors: Darwiche Rabih , Struhl Kevin
Published: November 2020

Significance

Pheno-RNA is a new idea/method to identify genes important for a phenotype. It involves 1) generating a phenotypic series that involves different experimental conditions to yield a measurable phenotype, 2) performing transcriptional profiling under all the conditions, and 3) correlating gene expression profiles with phenotypic strength. Using this method, we identified ∼200 genes whose expression profiles over 17 conditions show a remarkably high correlation to the level of transformation. As expected, these ∼200 genes are enriched in biological categories important for transformation. Within these categories, some genes have very high correlations with the transformation phenotype, whereas others do not. Ninety genes with high correlations have not been previously linked to cancer, suggesting heretofore unknown genes with a role in cancer.
Differential attentional control mechanisms by two distinct noradrenergic coeruleo-frontal cortical pathways
Authors: Bari Andrea , Xu Sangyu , Pignatelli Michele , Takeuchi Daigo , Feng Jiesi , Li Yulong , Tonegawa Susumu
Published: November 2020

Significance

Functional levels of attention and impulse control allow advanced organisms to behave in a goal-directed manner by decreasing distraction from irrelevant stimuli and by avoiding responses that are premature in a given situation. Attention deficits and impulsivity are often comorbid with the main symptoms of several neuropsychiatric conditions, but their neuroanatomical substrates are still a matter of debate. Here we show that activation of noradrenergic neurons of the mouse locus coeruleus is necessary and sufficient for goal-directed behavior. We found that improvements are mediated by norepinephrine release in separate subregions of the prefrontal cortex. This study provides causal evidence for the modulation of attentional control by locus coeruleus/norepinephrine neurons and specifies the cortical areas involved in such effects.
Rev7 loss alters cisplatin response and increases drug efficacy in chemotherapy-resistant lung cancer
Authors: Vassel Faye-Marie , Bian Ke , Walker Graham C. , Hemann Michael T.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) allows cells to increase their survival after DNA damage by bypassing lesions that normally block DNA replication but at the cost of introducing mutations. Interfering with this TLS pathway genetically or with the small molecule inhibitor JH-RE-06 has been shown to improve cisplatin chemotherapy by suppressing tumor growth and enhancing survival in mouse xenograft tumor models. Deleting Rev7, which is a component of both the TLS machinery and a complex that regulates the choice of double-strand break repair pathways, strikingly potentiates cisplatin chemotherapy in a lung cancer model. Moreover, while cisplatin monotherapy resulted in tumor cell apoptosis, Rev7 deletion promoted a cisplatin-induced senescence phenotype, suggesting that targeting Rev7 is an attractive strategy to improve chemotherapy.
LRRC8 family proteins within lysosomes regulate cellular osmoregulation and enhance cell survival to multiple physiological stresses
Authors: Li Ping , Hu Meiqin , Wang Ce , Feng Xinghua , Zhao ZhuangZhuang , Yang Ying , Sahoo Nirakar , Gu Mingxue , Yang Yexin , Xiao Shiyu , Sah Rajan , Cover Timothy L. , Chou Janet , Geha Raif , Benavides Fernando , Hume Richard I. , Xu Haoxing
Published: November 2020

Significance

Cells encountering physiological stresses often become vacuolated, but the source of the vacuoles and their role in causing or ameliorating necrotic cell death are unclear. Studies of cells responding to hypoosmotic, hypoxic, or hypothermic stress revealed that 1) vacuoles are derived from lysosomes, 2) many vacuoles subsequently undergo exocytosis, and 3) blocking either vacuolation or vacuole exocytosis by genetic or pharmacological approaches led to greatly increased necrotic cell death. By storing and then expelling excess water, lysosome-derived vacuoles maintain cytosolic water homeostasis and relieve membrane stress. This basic cellular function was present in all mammalian cell types tested and required ionic strength-sensitive ion channels formed from LRRC8 proteins on lysosomal membranes (Lyso-VRACs) acting in parallel with plasma membrane VRAC channels.
The NF-κB/leukemia inhibitory factor/STAT3 signaling pathway in antibody-mediated suppression of Sindbis virus replication in neurons
Authors: Yeh Jane X. , Schultz Kimberly L. W. , Calvert Valerie , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Griffin Diane E.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Mature neurons are postmitotic cells with limited regenerative capacity, so damage following infection may result in permanent neurologic deficits. Successful recovery from viral infection of neurons requires immune mechanisms that preserve neuron viability and functionality. Sindbis virus (SINV) infects neurons and causes viral encephalomyelitis from which mice recover. Bivalent antibody to the SINV E2 glycoprotein provides noncytolytic control of neuronal infection in vivo and in vitro, but the mechanism is unknown. We used a high-throughput protein microarray and neuronal cultures to identify the NF-κB/leukemia inhibitory factor/STAT3 signaling cascade as important for antibody-mediated inhibition of viral replication. These studies offer insights into the mechanism of antibody-mediated noncytolytic virus clearance from neurons.
Positioning with master and counter-narratives
Authors: Hyvärinen Matti , Hatavara Mari , Rautajoki Hanna
Published: November 2020

Narrative studies have witnessed a growing interest towards positioning analyses and the analysis of master and counter-narratives. While the former tends to prefer a small story approach and to draw on Conversation Analysis and Discourse Analysis, the latter engages in a variety of methodological approaches and works with narratives of several sizes, often within institutional and political contexts. Counter-narrative is a positional category by name, and it has recently been brought together with positioning analysis in the study of oral narratives. However, the narrative nature of master narratives, as well as their conceptual distinction from dominant discourses, remains largely unaddressed. This article aims at placing master narratives within narrative theory. To that end, we consider the three analytical levels of narrative positioning in terms of master and counter-narratives. By analysing an interview with a 92-year-old Finnish woman, we argue for the empirical relevance of master and counter-narratives within positioning analysis.
The effects of exercise on VO2peak, quality of life and hospitalization in heart failure patients: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Dallas Konstantinos , Dinas Petros C. , Chryssanthopoulos Costas , Dallas George , Maridaki Maria , Koutsilieris Michael , Philippou Anastassios
Published: November 2020

Exercise training has become one of the most fundamental components of cardiac rehabilitation. This systematic review with meta‐analyses has the objective to determine the effectiveness of exercise on selected cardiac rehabilitation outcomes, i.e. peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), hospitalization and quality of life (QOL) of patients with heart failure. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2019 to identify randomized controlled trials comparing exercise training to usual care. Overall, 131 trials were included with a total of 9,761 patients, the majority of whom were males (74%), predominantly with reduced ejection fraction and NYHA class ranging from II to III. There was a significant improvement in VO2peak in the exercise group compared to non‐exercise control group (mean difference: 2.98 mL/kg/ min, 95% CI: 2.52–3.43, p < 0.001; 84 RCTs, n = 3,690 patients). Exercise training was also beneficial for the patients’ QOL. The QOL meta‐analysis included 5,786 patients and showed a clinically significant improvement of QOL following exercise (−0.82, 95% CI: −1.02 to −0.62; p = 0.00001; I2 = 91%). Hospitalization incidence of heart failure patients was also lower in the exercise compared to control group (fixed‐effect Odds Ratio: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42–0.75, p < 0.0001; 26 trials, 4,664 participants). Exercise‐based rehabilitation improves V02peak and QOL and reduces the incidence of hospitalization of heart failure patients.
Polarization switching behavior of (Pb,Nb)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 ferroelectric ceramics under high-power pulse condition in microsecond scale
Authors: Xu Ran , Chen Li , Xu Zhuo , Feng Yujun
Published: November 2020

In the present work, the polarization switching of polycrystalline (Pb,Nb)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 (PNZST) ferroelectric (FE) ceramics in microsecond scale was investigated by pulse switching experiment. Typical switching current similar to that of FE single crystal and thin films was observed in PNZST ceramics, directly proving the completion of the switching process in microsecond scale. The increase of switching current and decrease of switching time with increasing electric field and temperature were confirmed and explained by the acceleration of the nucleation and growth rate of domains. However, the distortion of the pulse voltage also results in difficulty to analyze the switching current via Merz’s equation, which was usually neglected in previous works. In addition, the pulse switching dynamic is also found to be a current-limiting process and strongly depends on the circuit parameters. By increasing the resistance of the in-series resistor, the switching process will be hindered, leading to the decrease of switching current and longer switching period. More importantly, the curve of polarization versus electric field (P–E) was obtained by the switching current and a distinct difference was observed compared with the 0.1 Hz P–E curve. The above results prove the possibility of using PNZST ceramics in high-power pulse technology and will give some important guidance for the designation of FE devices.
Correlated optical and electrical analyses of inhomogeneous core/shell InGaN/GaN nanowire light emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang H , Piazza V , Neplokh V , Guan N , Bayle F , Collin S , Largeau L , Babichev A , Julien F H , Tchernycheva M
Published: November 2020

The performance of core–shell InGaN/GaN nanowire (NW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be limited by wire-to-wire electrical inhomogeneities. Here we investigate an array of core–shell InGaN/GaN NWs which are morphologically identical, but present electrical dissimilarities in order to understand how the nanoscale phenomena observed in individual NWs affect the working performance of the whole array. The LED shows a low number of NWs (∼20%) producing electroluminescence under operating conditions. This is related to a presence of a potential barrier at the interface between the NW core and the radially grown n-doped layer, which differently affects the electrical properties of the NWs although they are morphologically identical. The impact of the potential barrier on the performance of the NW array is investigated by correlating multi-scanning techniques, namely electron beam induced current microscopy, electroluminescence mapping and cathodoluminescence analysis. It is found that the main cause of inhomogeneity in the array is related to a non-optimized charge injection into the active region, which can be overcome by changing the contact architecture so that the electrons become injected directly in the n-doped underlayer. The LED with so-called ‘front-n-contacting’ is developed leading to an increase of the yield of emitting NWs from 20% to 65%.
IPEM topical report: current molecular radiotherapy service provision and guidance on the implications of setting up a dosimetry service
Authors: Craig Allison J , Rojas Bruno , Wevrett Jill L , Hamer Elaine , Fenwick Andrew , Gregory Rebecca
Published: November 2020

Despite a growth in molecular radiotherapy treatment (MRT) and an increase in interest, centres still rarely perform MRT dosimetry. The aims of this report were to assess the main reasons why centres are not performing MRT dosimetry and provide advice on the resources required to set-up such a service. A survey based in the United Kingdom was developed to establish how many centres provide an MRT dosimetry service and the main reasons why it is not commonly performed. Twenty-eight per cent of the centres who responded to the survey performed some form of dosimetry, with 88% of those centres performing internal dosimetry. The survey showed that a ‘lack of clinical evidence’, a ‘lack of guidelines’ and ‘not current UK practice’ were the largest obstacles to setting up an MRT dosimetry service. More practical considerations, such as ‘lack of software’ and ‘lack of staff training/expertise’, were considered to be of lower significance by the respondents. Following on from the survey, this report gives an overview of the current guidelines, and the evidence available demonstrating the benefits of performing MRT dosimetry. The resources required to perform such techniques are detailed with reference to guidelines, training resources and currently available software. It is hoped that the information presented in this report will allow MRT dosimetry to be performed more frequently and in more centres, both in routine clinical practice and in multicentre trials. Such trials are required to harmonise dosimetry techniques between centres, build on the current evidence base, and provide the data necessary to establish the dose–response relationship for MRT.
Nonlinear interaction of intense laser beam with dense plasma
Authors: Das Chinmay , Chandra Swarniv , Ghosh Basudev
Published: November 2020

We studied the nonlinear evolution of an amplitude-modulated envelop soliton formed in a dense plasma when a laser beam interacts with it. The employment of our newly developed technique, homotopy-assisted symbolic simulation, has been instrumental in the study of the nature and formation of envelope solitons and their dependence on various parameters. The different orders of homotopy perturbation generate a convergent series solution for such nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (PDE). Our technique bypasses the rigorous analytical derivation of coupled PDE without a loss of information. The methodology is very novel and holds promise for application in models that explain experimental observations. The results will be beneficial in interpreting various dense laser plasma interactions.
Machine learning aided automated differential diagnostics of chronic rhinitis based on optical coherence tomography
Authors: Soloviev Nikita , Khilov Aleksandr , Shakhova Maria , Meller Alina , Perekatova Valeriya , Sergeeva Ekaterina , Kirillin Mikhail
Published: November 2020

Chronic rhinitis (CR) is among the most frequent inflammatory diseases of ear-nose-throat (ENT) covering up to 30% of the population. Different forms of CR require different treatment tactics, which indicates the need for an efficient tool for differential diagnostics of CR. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising tool for fast non-invasive evaluation of nasal mucosa, which, however, requires further interpretation of the obtained diagnostic image. In this paper, we provide a comparative analysis of several machine learning approaches that aim at automated differential diagnostics of CR based on diagnostic OCT images of 78 patients aged between 28 and 74 ages. Gradient boosting decision trees (GBT) approach reveals the best classification accuracy (98% and 94% for binary and diagnostic classification, respectively). It shows that proposed approaches have potential for automated classification of CR OCT images.
Brain2Char: a deep architecture for decoding text from brain recordings
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Anumanchipalli Gopala K , Chang Edward F
Published: November 2020

Objective. Decoding language representations directly from the brain can enable new brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) for high bandwidth human–human and human–machine communication. Clinically, such technologies can restore communication in people with neurological conditions affecting their ability to speak. Approach. In this study, we propose a novel deep network architecture Brain2Char, for directly decoding text (specifically character sequences) from direct brain recordings (called electrocorticography, ECoG). Brain2Char framework combines state-of-the-art deep learning modules—3D Inception layers for multiband spatiotemporal feature extraction from neural data and bidirectional recurrent layers, dilated convolution layers followed by language model weighted beam search to decode character sequences, and optimizing a connectionist temporal classification loss. Additionally, given the highly non-linear transformations that underlie the conversion of cortical function to character sequences, we perform regularizations on the network’s latent representations motivated by insights into cortical encoding of speech production and artifactual aspects specific to ECoG data acquisition. To do this, we impose auxiliary losses on latent representations for articulatory movements, speech acoustics and session specific non-linearities. Main results. In three (out of four) participants reported here, Brain2Char achieves 10.6%, 8.5%, and 7.0% word error rates respectively on vocabulary sizes ranging from 1200 to 1900 words. Significance. These results establish a new end-to-end approach on decoding text from brain signals and demonstrate the potential of Brain2Char as a high-performance communication BCI.
Area fluctuations on a subinterval of Brownian excursion
Authors: Meerson Baruch
Published: November 2020

Area fluctuations of a Brownian excursion are described by the Airy distribution, which has found applications in different areas of physics, mathematics and computer science. Here we generalize this distribution to describe the area fluctuations on a subinterval of a Brownian excursion. In the first version of the problem (model 1) no additional conditions are imposed. In the second version (model 2) we study the distribution of the area fluctuations on a subinterval given the excursion area on the whole interval. Both versions admit convenient path-integral formulations. In model 1 we obtain an explicit expression for the Laplace transform of the area distribution on the subinterval. In both models we focus on large deviations of the area by evaluating the tails of the area distributions, sometimes taking into account pre-exponential factors. When conditioning on very large areas in model 2, we uncover two singularities in the rate function of the subinterval area fraction. They can be interpreted as dynamical phase transitions of the second and third order.
Construction of “All-faculty, Whole-process, All-around” Educational Objective System in Colleges and Universities Based on the research of Big Data
Authors: Fu Xiaochun
Published: November 2020

The core competency of big data is an essential objective of China’s education reform. The selection and cultivation of core competency should comply with the characteristics of the universities and college students. Based on the cultivation of moral people, the training of professional talents should be focused. Under the premise of social cultivation, the all-round development of individuals should be valued to cultivate high-quality skilled talents with “both ability, integrity, and all-round development”. The whole process coverage refers to the cycle of practical education, and all faculty engagement is the target subject. The all-round linkage is taken as the carrier of practical education to implement the “base, engineering, standardization and diversification” of the working mechanism for practical education, explore the innovation path for the effective integration of socialist core values and vocational education, and improve the comprehensive quality of college students in an all-around manner.This paper studies and analyzes the construction of the three-round goal system through big data.
Development of an intelligent energy storage device for distributed distribution area
Authors: Wan Dai , Li Gang , Zhu Guangming , Yu Bin , Qi Fei , Zhou Hengyi , Zhao Miao , Huang Yaoqi
Published: November 2020

In order to solve the problem of seasonal distribution transformer overload in distribution network, especially in rural power grid, an intelligent energy storage device for distributed distribution station area is developed in this paper. The device is connected in parallel to the main line of 380V low voltage line in the distribution station area. The device can compensate the power of the overload distribution transformer, and alleviate the low voltage problem at the head end of the substation area caused by 10kV line overload or distribution transformer heavy overload. This paper introduces the working principle, control strategy, software and hardware design scheme of intelligent energy storage device in distributed distribution station area. The correctness and effectiveness of the device are verified by field operation.
Improvements on the design of sand structure additive manufacturing
Authors: Qin Hao , Zhang Xiwen
Published: November 2020

Additive manufacturing has been widely used in the industry in recent year. Among a range of applications, printing sand structure for casting die or the structure in the construction industry has become more and more popular, since it is cost-effective by using powder printing technology without laser sintering. This paper has explored the additive manufacturing technology used for printing sand structure. To achieve cost-effective and saving materials, methods have been exploring through requirement analysis, materials selection, and design optimization in terms of the mechanical performance of the sand structure. Through 3D modelling, design optimization, and performance improvements, an optimal sand structure for 3D printing is created. This proposed method gives a general way to produce sand structure through 3D printing in the construction and casting industry.
Design of Control Software on Mining Isolation Switch Breaking Test Motor Mechanism
Authors: yukun Wang , Hong-kui Zhang , Zhi-fu Li , Hao Liu , Xin Gao , Long Ma
Published: November 2020

In order to improve the controllability and stability of the isolation switch breaking test for mine and to improve the intelligence level of the test and inspection device, the software program of the motor mechanism control system was developed based on PLC. Based on the analysis of the present situation of the operation mechanism of mine isolation switch breaking test, the demand of mine isolation switch breaking test control system is put forward. Based on cx-one 4.2 software and ladder diagram language, the control software program of motor mechanism is developed. The practical application shows that the software runs well and lays a foundation for the development of intelligent inspection technology.
Research Status and Development Trend of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for fuze
Authors: Guo Jingjie , Ma Shaojie , Zhang Xiangjin
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes a series of problems which need to be solved for a long time in China’s fuze manufacturing industry, such as high resource consumption, poor economic benefit, low technology content, mostly in the low end of the industrial value chain, and points out that advanced manufacturing technology can promote the transformation and development of China’s fuze manufacturing industry. Based on the brief introduction of the concept, development history and key technologies of advanced manufacturing technology, this paper focuses on the application background, theoretical research and engineering progress of micro nano structure precision machining technology, intelligent additive manufacturing technology, intelligent manufacturing system and industrial internet. It is proposed that China should take “made in China 2025” as the traction, vigorously develop advanced manufacturing technology, and promote the sustainable, green and healthy development of China’s manufacturing industry.
Mechanical system design of water air amphibious variable wing UAV
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of science and technology, the application of UAV is more and more extensive, but the application of UAV is only limited to a single space field. In addition, other space explorers such as vehicles, ships and submarines are also greatly limited and fail to break through the space restrictions. The market needs a UAV that can fly in a variety of environments to be applied in more realistic scenarios. In view of its limitations, the water air amphibious variable wing UAV combines the advantages of traditional UAV and submarine, and has great development prospects in the fields of marine rescue, environmental survey, biological tracking, entertainment experience and military development.
Research on aerodynamic and flow field characteristics of high speed elevator with different shaft blockage ratio
Authors: Cui Hanwen , Zhang Qing , Zhang Ruijun , Zhang Luzhong
Published: November 2020

With the increase of building height, more and more high-speed elevators are applied to high-rise buildings in order to improve the transportation efficiency of people in buildings. Compared with the medium and low speed elevators, the airflow in the shaft is more severe when the high-speed elevator car is running in the narrow and long shaft, and the influence of aerodynamic force and aerodynamic noise is more obvious. In order to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of the high-speed movement of the elevator car and the airflow law in the shaft, and further optimize the aerodynamic parameters of the high-speed elevator shaft system, a full-scale three-dimensional model of the shaft with different blocking ratio is established and numerically simulated. Through the analysis of the calculation results of different blockage ratio of the shaft model, it is found that the greater the blockage ratio is, the greater the resistance of the car operation is, and the airflow disturbance behind the car movement is more severe than that in the front. The calculation results provide a reference for further exploring the airflow flow law in the high-speed elevator shaft.
Analysis on Key Production Control of High Carbon Wire Rod for Automotive Bead Wire
Authors: Shuwei Cao , Xiaoqi Yang , Yawei Du , Zhanjie Chen
Published: November 2020

SWRH72A high carbon steel wire rod is an important raw material for producing automotive bead wire, hose steel wire and steel wire-rope. Based on design of chemical composition, reasonable adjustment and optimization of smelting and continuous casting process, reheating process, rolling process and cooling process etc., Anyang Iron And Steel StockCo., Ltd. produced successfullyΦ 5.5 mm and Φ 6.5 mm high carbon steel wire rod grade SWRH72A by its 100t Converter-High Speed Wire Rod Mill. The results showed that the chemical composition control was narrowrange, centerline segregation was low, production process of trial steel was reasonable. The wire rod was in good mechanical performance with the range of tensile strength deviation of less than 50 MPa for same heat, same nominal diameter and same rolling system, the sorbitic metallographic structure of wire rod reached more than 90%. The performance indexes met the requirements of the bead wire users.
The effect of Cd Content from Different Sources on the Surface and Bottom of the Water Column
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Li Haixia , Lin Dong , Yang Dong , Zhang Longlei
Published: November 2020

According to the survey data from Jiaozhou Bay water area in 1992, the vertical distribution and monthly change of Cd content in surface and bottom waters from the center to the southern bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay are studied, and the influence of source, change process and principle of Cd content in the surface and bottom are determined. The water body in the southeastern part of Jiaozhou Bay is considered to be a circular column of water. The main sea current carrying Cd content passed through the surface of the column, while the Haibo River carrying Cd content passed by the surface. The results show that the Cd content in the main sea current transport changed from low to high in October, May and August; and the content of Haibo River transport varied from low to high in August, October and May. Moreover, the Cd content in the surface layer of southeast bay changed from low to high in May, October and August, and the content in the bottom layer varied from low to high in August, May and October. This reflects the monthly change process of Cd content in the southeast bay waters with two significant characteristics. 1) In August, the Cd content transported through the main sea current and the content in surface water in the southeast of the bay at the same time reached the highest value. 2) In August, the Cd content transported through the Haibo River and the content in bottom water body in the southeast of the bay varied to the minimum value simultaneously. Therefore, the authors put forward the principle of monthly variation of Cd content on the surface and bottom of the southeastern bay. And the model block diagrams are established to show the change process and principle of matter content deposition and migration. The principle shows that from May to October, the Cd content transported through the main sea current determined that on the water column’s surface in the southeast bay, while the Cd content transported through the Haibo River did not affect the Cd content on the water column’s surface. From May to October, Cd content in the bottom of the water column was determined by that in the Haibo River transport, while Cd content in the main sea transport had no effect on that at the bottom of the water column.
Optimization on the Johnson-Cook parameters of Ti-6Al-4V used for high speed cutting simulation
Authors: Xinjian Li , Guigen Ye , Zhimin Wang , Shifeng Xue , Yi Zhang
Published: November 2020

The Johnson-Cook (J-C) parameters obtained from the conventional mechanical tests are usually adopted directly for the high-speed cutting simulations. However, the conventional J-C parameters can not describe the exact plastic deformation under the coupling effect of large strain and high strain rate occurred in high speed cutting. In this paper, the response surface approximation method was used to optimize the Ti-6Al-4V’s J-C parameters for high speed cutting simulation, and the experimental results obtained from our previous work were further adopted to validate the optimized parameters. The simulated chip size error obtained at the cutting speed of 15 m/s could reduce from 16% with using the conventional J-C parameters to 8% with using the optimized J-C parameters. Furthermore, the simulated chip morphologies achieved based on the optimized J-C parameters were compared with the experimental results with cutting speed ranging from 0.05 m/s to 86.5 m/s. The results show that the simulated chip morphologies could give good agreements with the experimental results, and the chip morphology transitions can be well predicted with using the optimized J-C parameters.