bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Northeastern part of the Bilanivske ferruginousquartzite quarry: Risks of mining allotment
Authors: Lashko Serhii
Published: September 2021

Purpose.Substantiation of the managerial decisions to minimize the risks of mining the Bilanivske ferruginous quartzite quarry on its northeastern margin. Methods. The legislative, methodological, cartographic and literary materials on the topic, as well as the area of survey have been analyzed. The necessary cartographic plotting and calculations have been performed. An abstract-logical method is used to formulate conclusions and theoretical generalizations. Findings. The ecological risks of the Bilanivske quarry northeastern margin have been substantiated: presence of uranium ore deposits and a radioactive anomaly; geochemical pollution of groundwater; a depression cone, large in area and in depth, can be formed in the region; a probability of using explosives when mining the field; use of the Bilanivske quarry eastern side for laying mine shafts and adits. The question is raised about the expected expansion of the Bilanivske quarry boundaries to the east during its mining, as well as falling into the sanitary protection zone boundaries of the northwestern residential community of the Nova Haleshchyna urban-type settlement. It is recommended, when mining the Bilanivske and Kremenchuk (Haleshchynske) iron ore deposits, to develop for them a unified draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and a unified draft of sanitary protection zone, taking into account the fact of their mutual influence on the environment. Originality.For the first time, based on a combination of geological, mining, technological and spatial factors, a site (zone) of mutual risks has been identified in the Bilanivske and Kremenchuk (Haleshchynske) iron ore deposits development. The site has an area of 165 ha, bounded by the northeastern side of the Bilanivske quarry and the southern boundary of the planned Haleshchynske mine. Practical implications.The research results can substantiate the need to resettle the residents from the northwestern residential community of the Nova Haleshchyna urban-type settlement, taking into account the Bilanivske field development by the open-pit method. In addition, they also can serve as a basis for resolving disputes between these residents and the administration of Ferrexpo Belanovo Mining LLC (Bilanivske Mining Plant).
Early assessment of seismic hazard in terms of Voronezh massif-Moscow Depression contact
Authors: Movchan Igor , Yakovleva Alexandra , Movchan Alexander , Shaygallyamova Zilya
Published: September 2021

Purpose is to develop a system approach for early assessment of areas being of high seismic hazard and characterizing by low stability of rock mass relative to external loads. Methods. Well cores have been assessed down to 30 depth and seismic observations have been accumulated. Complexes of field geophysics methods have been applied for the research as well as remote sensing materials, digital model of surface relief, and techniques of qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Findings. Seismic hazard map has been formed in terms of seismic intensification and ground displacement units. The abovementioned is quite reliable but a cost-based result involving early assessments of high seismic hazard areas to infill network of geophysical measurements in the neighbourhood of the areas for their further quantitative characterization. It has been identified that rare well network and definite geophysical lines, run under conditions of a complex terrain, cannot localize the areas of high seismic hazard to focus builders on the enforcement of certain components of the erected structures. It has been defined that end result of the prognostic developments takes a shape of mapping of local areas with the decreased stability of upper share of the geological section supported by further measurements by means of a common depth point method (CDP). Comparison of potential secondary earthquake sources with high permeability zones makes it possible to predict highly reliable areas of the increased seismic magnitude. Originality.For the first time, interpretation techniques have been adapted to describe parametrically nonpotential geofields (i.e. optical density of remote basis; and relative elevation), accepted during the steps of potential field processing, with the use of wave analogies. Practical implications.The methods have been developed helping optimize field geological and geophysical operations in terms of area and well number as well as measuring stakes under the conditions of the limited prior data amount.
Emergence of Carbapenemase Encoding Genes in Proteus Species in Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Afroz Samira , Shamsuzzaman SM , Begum Nurjahan , Shormin Moon Moon , Shazzad Md Nahiduzzamane , Shahin Md Abu
Published: September 2021

Along with different carbapenemase encoding genes, in recent year class D OXA enzymes are documented in Proteus spp which are not common in Enterobacteriaceae. The dissemination of plasmids, transposons and integrons among bacteria and species playing roles for this dissemination. So, this study was designed to observe the emergence and distribution of different classes of carbapenemase encoding genes among imipenem resistant Proteus spp. isolated from tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Total 15 imipenem resistant Proteus isolates were included in this study, which were collected from wound swab, pus, urine and blood samples. Identification was done by culture and biochemical test and antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method. MIC of imipenem (g/ml) was done among imipenem resistant P. mirabilis by agar dilution method. blaKPC, blaNDM-1, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48 like, blaOXA-23 like, blaOXA-51 like, blaOXA-58 like carbapenemase encoding genes were detected among imipenem resistant Proteus spp. by PCR and sequencing of blaOXA-48 like, blaOXA-51 like gene done by capillary method to compare the sequences with the same gene, available in gene bank. Among 15 imipenem resistant isolates blaNDM-1 (26.67%), blaKPC (20%), blaVIM (20%), blaOXA-484 (20%) were predominant carbapenemase encoding genes followed by blaOXA-66(6.67%). This study finds that blaOXA-484 gene and blaOXA-66 class D carbapenemase encoding genes are emerging in Proteus spp. and may play a contributing factor in developing carbapenem resistance.
Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 1-8
Effects of metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Akhtar Nazma , Banu Hurjahan , Morshed Md Shahed , Sultana Tania , Begum Afroza , Hasanat MA
Published: September 2021

Background and objectives: Metformin improves manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by reducing insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to determine how metformin, in combination with lifestyle changes, affects the clinical manifestations of PCOS.

Materials and Methods: Patients with PCOS attending the outpatient of a tertiary care hospital were enrolled in the study. Revised Rotterdam Consensus 2003 criteria were used to diagnose cases of PCOS. Clinical information, anthropometric measurement, serum progesterone and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) of each subject were recorded in a prescribed data sheet at baseline and after a period of nine months. Randomized placebo controlled double blind design was used to assign participants in respective groups. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 9-month course of either metformin (1500 mg/day) or placebo. Both groups were advised regarding schedule of lifestyle modification. Outcome variables were clinical manifestations related to metabolic, reproductive and androgenic status of PCOS.

Results: Out of 80 enrolled PCOS cases, 49 completed the study (metformin=26, placebo=23). The mean age of the study participants of metformin and placebo groups was 23.52±5.18 and 22.09±3.58 years respectively (p=0.262). Menstrual cycle significantly improved in both the study groups (before vs. after - metformin: 19.2% vs. 76.9%, p=0.003; placebo: 19.2% vs. 47.8%, p=0.02) after 9 months, but compared to placebo group no such significant (p=0.12) improvement occurred in metformin group. Severity of hirsutism, presence of acne, serum progesterone level and ovulatory status improved significantly in both groups after completion of the study. Except acanthosis nigricans, other metabolic manifestations did not significantly improve in metformin compared to placebo group after the intervention. While comparing the percentage changes, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) reduced significantly in metformin than placebo group (BMI in kg/m2- metformin vs. placebo: -3.63±8.22 vs. +1.42±6.67, p= 0.024; WC in cm - 2.81±7.74 vs. +1.68±7.89, p= 0.05). No significant adverse event was observed in metformin group.

Conclusion: Metformin, in conjunction with lifestyle modifications, has favorable impacts on clinical manifestations of PCOS.

Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(2): 1-12
Immunoglobulin G4 related disease: an overview
Authors: Farook Saika , Solaiman Abdullah Ahmed , Alam Jilani Md Shariful
Published: September 2021

Immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently perceived fibroinflammatory condition, identified as a systemic illness for the first time in the early 2000. It can involve virtually every organ of the body, commonly presenting as lymphadenopathy, retroperitoneal fibrosis, autoimmune pancreatitis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, parotid or lacrimal gland enlargement. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological analysis and is often, but not always accompanied by an increased level of serum IgG4 concentration. In fact, the name addressing this autoimmune fibroinflammatory condition may be considered a misnomer, as the role of the non-inflammatory immunoglobulin IgG4 in the immune mechanism of IgG4-RD remains to be elucidated.

Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(2): 44-51
Modelo de gestión del conocimiento y aprendizaje organizacional en las PYMES de la Provincia de El Oro
Authors: Solórzano-González Alexandra , Maridueña-Villena Luis , Mora-Sánchez Norman
Published: September 2021

La investigación del modelo de gestión del conocimiento y aprendizaje organizacional, despertó interés en los investigadores de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, esfuerzos incansables para encontrar ventajas competitivas y valor agregado para su desarrollo.
El modelo del ciclo de aprendizaje organizacional que será estudiado y propuesto para ser aplicado al sector exportador de camarón del Ecuador, tiene como objetivo analizar los factores del ciclo de aprendizaje en la organización para que se caracterice una coordinación dinámica entre los colaboradores. Sin embargo, se puede explicar los factores de apoyo que promueven el proceso de interacción dentro de la organización: los personales, académico, socioeconómico e institucionales.
Los métodos y materiales para este estudio de inteligencia empresarial es el método cualitativo, mientras que sus materiales son las herramientas tecnológicas que favorecen al administrador para llevar una buena administración de la organización.
Se espera que esta nueva estructura esté completa y pueda lograr procesos que promuevan el aprendizaje organizacional a través de prácticas dinámicas que otorguen privilegios de capital humano, organizacional y los comportamientos que puedan trabajar en conjunto.
Kontribusi Koordinasi Mata-Tangan, Kelentukan Pergelangan Tangan, dan Daya Ledak Otot Lengan Terhadap Kemampuan Passing atas Permainan Bola Voli Peserta Ekstrakurikuler
Authors: Suparman Suparman , Asri Ariana , Haeril Haeril
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the contribution of hand-eye coordination, hand muscle flexibility, and arm explosive power to the passing ability of the male extracurricular members of SMPIT Al-fityan Gowa. This research belongs to the type of descriptive research with quantitative methods. The population is all male extracurricular participants of SMPIT Al-Fityan Gowa with a sample of 30 people taken by random sampling. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, normality test, linearity test, simple regression test and multiple regression test using computer facilities through the SPSS program. Based on the analysis of the data obtained the results: 1). There is a significant contribution of eye-hand coordination to the ability to pass over the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.506 (50.6%). 2) There is a significant contribution of flexibility of the superiority of the hand to the ability of passing over with a coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.447 (44.7%). 3). There is a significant contribution of arm muscle explosive power to the ability to pass over with a coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.411 (41.1%) 4). There is a jointly significant contribution of eye-hand coordination, hand flexibility, and arm muscle explosive power to the upper passing ability with a termination coefficient (R Square) of 0.734 (73.4%)
Analisis Komponen Fisik Terhadap Kemampuan Menggiring Bola Permainan Sepakbola Sma Negeri 11 Makassar
Authors: Karim Achmad , Hasbillah Muhammad
Published: September 2021

This research is a descriptive study using a correlational research design. The population is all students of SMA Negeri 11 Makassar. The sample used was 30 students. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, pearson product moment correlation coefficient analysis (r), and the results of multiple correlation analysis (R) at the significant level α = 0.05. The results showed that; (1) There is a significant relationship between ankle coordination and dribbling ability in soccer game for student of SMA Negeri 11 Makassar, with a value of r = 0,561 (ρ<α = 0.05); (2) There is a significant relationship between balance and dribbling ability in soccer game for student of SMA Negeri 11 Makassar, with a value of r = 0,603 (ρ<α = 0.05); (3) There is a significant relationship between leg muscle strenght and dribbling ability in soccer game for student of SMA Negeri 11 Makassar, with a value of r = 0,728 (ρ<α = 0.05); (4) There is a significant relationship simultaneously between ankle coordination, balance, leg muscle strenght and dribbling ability in soccer game for student of SMA Negeri 11 Makassar, with a determinant coefficient value (R2) = 0,733 or 73,3%.
Nurses’ view of the nature of the support given to parents in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Sidek Syazwana Mohd. , Marup Sofiah , Zolkefli Yusrita
Published: September 2021

Background: Most parents of Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) babies often expressed dissatisfaction with the nursing care in NICU because of their unaddressed needs, resulting in emotional strain. This raises an essential question of how NICU nurses provide support for the parents. However, this can be relatively challenging in the NICU setting.
Objective: To explore nurses’ views on the nature of parental support provided in NICU settings in Brunei Darussalam.
Methods: This study employed a qualitative research approach conducted in 2020. Ten nurses were individually interviewed in semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results:  Three broad themes were identified, namely: (1) Emotional and informational support (2) Keeping the support going (3) Seeking help from others. The data provide insights into how nurses provide emotional and informational support to parents in the NICU setting. Challenges were encountered in providing support and were addressed through the involvement of the doctors and emotional support continuity by nursing colleagues.
Conclusion: This paper describes two critical supports given to the parents in the NICU setting and the challenges that underline these supports and proposes strategies used by nurses to help the parents. The balance needed between work demand and parental support is highlighted. In order to give more robust parental support, ongoing interactions with doctors and nursing colleagues are required.
The Determinants for Shopping Cart Abandonment
Authors: Yusuf Leonardi Levino , Tamara Dewi , Setiadi Nugroho J.
Published: September 2021

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinant that leads to shopping cart abandonment. In this research determinant that writer use are perceived cost (PC), complicated checkout (CC), Entertainment Motivation (EM), Emotional Ambivalence (EA), Information Overload over the Product (IA). Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative study was conducted, using a sample of 117 respondent consist of men and women who have ever done shopping cart abandonement. The hypotheses were tested by applying the Smart-PLS 3.2 software.

Findings – The findings Perceived Cost (PC) has a positive and insignificant effect on shopping cart abandonment, Complicated Checkout (CC) has a positive and insignificant effect on shopping cart abandonment, Entertainment Motivation (EM) has a positive and significant effect on shopping cart abandonment, Emotional ambivalence (EA) has a positive and insignificant effect on shopping cart abandonment, meanwhile Information Overload (IO) has a positive and insignificant effect on shopping cart abandonment. From all the variable tested that has the most significant influence on shopping cart abandonment comes from Entertainment Motivation (EM).
The Sculptural Body in Victorian Literature
Authors: Pulham Patricia
Published: September 2021

This book contends that, in Victorian literature, transgressive desires that cannot be openly acknowledged – whether these be homosexuality, pygmalionism, necrophilia, or paedophilia – are often embedded and encrypted in sculptures. The three-dimensionality of the sculptural body, its ubiquity in Victorian popular culture, its increasing visibility in public galleries, and the full or partial nudity of classical statues on display are some of the key reasons that underpin this phenomenon. It argues that, in such literature, sculpture often functions as a form of textual ‘Secretum’ in which forbidden love becomes available for recovery and circulation by those ‘in the know’, manifesting through sensory signification, through literal and metaphorical forms of tactility, and at the intersections between vision and touch.
Conclusion: The Abstractions of Homo Economicus: Now a Stomach, Now an Anus
Authors: Bou Ali Nadia
Published: September 2021

The modern impasse hails for the Arabic reading subject a crisis in symbolic identification: there is a retreat of the discourse of the master, a crisis in the symbolic and the relationship between language and law comes to fore. The nineteenth century in particular is marked by the emergence of a neurotic subject (Bustani) obsessed with questions of origins (original sin, origins of language, origins of society and habit, origins of culture) and a hysteric subject (Shidyaq) that asks: what do you want of me? The problem of origins does not cease to repeat itself in the corpus of texts from the time, it takes the shape of a compulsive reposing of the questions of beginnings and ends: where does taste come from (inclination, disposition, acquired)? What is the origin of sociality? How does habit originate? What is the origin of language? How to write a history of culture? When and how does culture originate? How does one become a woman?
The Harvard Lectures of Alfred North Whitehead, 1925-1927
Authors: Henning Brian G.
Published: September 2021

This second volume of the Critical Edition of Whitehead covers Whitehead’s second and third years of lectures at Harvard University and Radcliffe College. It reveals the development of his philosophy during the crucial period between the publication of Science and the Modern World and his delivery of the Gifford lectures that would become Process and Reality as he tested his theories in a classroom setting. These lectures challenge longstanding speculations about when exactly Whitehead developed some of his most famous metaphysical concepts, and how those concepts are to be properly interpreted against the wider backdrop of his life and thought.
Also included is a transcript of the only known lecture Whitehead delivered on the topic of ethics, two mid-year exams given to his students, and nearly 2,000 footnotes that provide additional context for the lectures and alternative student accounts of key passages.
Leibniz: A Contribution to the Archaeology of Power
Authors: Connelly Stephen
Published: September 2021

The concept of power has been a major feature of natural law theories. It evolved over the course of several centuries and was arguably the defining notion in both Hobbes’ and Spinoza’s doctrines of natural right. Yet Leibniz appears to effect a reversal in this millennium-long trajectory and demotes power to a derivative term of his philosophy.
What was the rationale behind this radical change? And what does this reversal mean for the philosophy that follows?
The CIA and the Pursuit of Security
Authors: Dylan Huw , Gioe David , Goodman Michael S.
Published: September 2021

Taking declassified and publicly available sources this book provides an insight into the evolution of the Central Intelligence Agency from 1947 to the Trump Presidency. Focusing on a mix of case studies historic case studies such as The Berlin Tunnel, and The Cuban Missile Crisis. As well as discussing the internal changes and evolution of the organisation from planning covert actions, to adapting to, using and developing technology to aid in intelligence collection and analysis. The book also talks to key individuals that have shaped the organisation at different points in its history as well as how different Presidents have used the Agency to deliver political decisions. The book is balanced in its presentation of successes and failures, the latter often times more well known: Iraq being perhaps the best known example. The use of declassified documentation elevates this from being another history of the Central Intelligence Agency, into an insightful window into a famous yet secret organisation with a global brand.
The CIA and the Bomber and Missile Gap
Authors: Dylan Huw , Gioe David V. , Goodman Michael S.
Published: September 2021

This chapter is concerned with analysing the Soviet strategic threat. It opens with a discussion of how technological innovations creating relatively small movable weapons ensured that modern warfare had forever changed. Atomic intelligence became a matter of the highest priority, as did spying on the aircraft and missiles that would deliver these weapons. US intelligence underestimated the speed at which the USSR could develop and test an atomic weapon and overestimated the number of bombers capable of delivering such weapons. Developing better intelligence became a principal national priority. Document: AQUATONE Briefing for the Joint Chiefs of Staff RE Guided Missiles, Atomic Energy, and Long Range Bombers.
The CIA’s Counter-Intelligence Conundrum: The Case of Yuri Nosenko
Authors: Dylan Huw , Gioe David V. , Goodman Michael S.
Published: September 2021

This chapter concerns the case of Nosenko, as defector who was suspected of being a Soviet plant. Before examining the case, the chapter examines the difference between counter intelligence and counter espionage, which are often conflated. It then establishes the context of the CIA at this time, examining the importance of the earlier defection of Golitsyn, and impact of CIA counter intelligence chief James Angleton. The defection of Golitsyn and his information cast a shadow over the information Nosenko subsequently provided, leading in part to his being subject to hostile interrogation over a three and a half year period. On balance most believe that Nosenko was a genuine defector. Document: Golitsyn’s comments on the Nosenko case.
Martial Law in Poland
Authors: Dylan Huw , Gioe David V. , Goodman Michael S.
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on the role of human intelligence (humint) in providing insight into a quickly evolving situation, and the role this form of intelligence can have in the decision making process. The context is the imposition of martial law in Poland to quash mass protests, and what the CIA knew of it. Colonel Ryszard Kuklinksi had been working for the CIA since the early 1970s, but it was during Regan’s presidency that Kuklinkshi’s utility became truly apparent. The chapter concludes with a discussion of one of the least touched upon aspects of humint, legacy. Documents: Martial Law in Poland; Strategic Warning Staff; Poland: Prospects for Solidarity.
Reckoning and Redemption: The 9/11 Commission, the Director of National Intelligence and the CIA at War
Authors: Dylan Huw , Gioe David V. , Goodman Michael S.
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on the attacks on the US on September 11, 2001, and the impact on CIA. The agency received intense criticism from Congress in the final form of the 9/11 Commission Report, and had to adapt. But it also needed to move extremely quickly in the aftermath of the attacks, working alone and with allies, old and new. Having failed to prevent the attacks, the CIA was the tip of the spear in the US’s retaliation.
Document: Office of Inspector General Report on Central Intelligence Agency Accountability Regarding Findings and Conclusions of the Report of the Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities Before and After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001.
Idea, Idea of the Idea and Certainty in the Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione and the Ethics
Authors: Matheron Alexandre
Published: September 2021

Despite an apparent contradiction between Spinoza’s claims in the Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione and the Ethics concerning the nature of knowledge and certainty, Matheron here argues for the consistency of Spinoza’s epistemological position. To have a true idea is at the same time to be certain of the truth of the idea even if, from a psychological point of view, certainty appears to be a secondary acquisition that arises after the initial moment of knowing. Those who doubt the certainty necessarily associated with true ideas do not ultimately acquire any new knowledge upon eliminating their doubts for, as Matheron shows, Spinoza’s use of the term prius or first, in both texts, has a chronological and logical sense. Knowledge of knowledge is therefore present at the moment of knowing whether one knows it or not. Moreover, science can proceed without being grounded in epistemology, even if the latter can eventually come to serve and clarify the former.
Eternal Life and the Body According to Spinoza
Authors: Matheron Alexandre
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, Matheron presents some brief thoughts on Proposition 39 of Part V of the Ethics, which states that a body capable of many things has a mind whose greater part is eternal. The key to unlocking this seemingly unusual claim is to understand what happens in the body when the mind understands. This leads Matheron to reconstruct the demonstrations that accompany the preceding propositions in Part V as well as to a discussion of adequate and inadequate ideas in Spinoza. Though we might not be immediately aware of it, to have an adequate idea of something external us is to have the adequate idea of a certain order that is established between affections in our body whose structure matches the one that inheres in the thing in question. This leads Matheron to a discussion of the ‘third kind of knowledge’ and its relation to the Spinozist concept of eternity, all of which clarify the initial starting point: the acquisition of new and more adequate knowledge always entails a clearer understanding of our body’s capacities that are already included in the eternal idea that we are.
State and Morality According to Spinoza
Authors: Matheron Alexandre
Published: September 2021

Though Spinoza certainly argues that a well-ordered political society is necessary for human beings to achieve lasting happiness and goodness, he does not, like other philosophers, argue that society exists for the sake of moral ends. In this essay, Matheron reconstructs Spinoza’s views on the relationship between State and morality all the while accounting for the illusion that has caused other philosophers to mistake the State as having an essentially moral function. Spinoza avoids such an error by referring to his critique of teleology found in the Appendix to Part I of the Ethics: we make an error by transforming imagined norms into ontological norms that we project onto nature. Philosophers from Aquinas to Hobbes thus mistake the rational desires of philosophers for ontological models that ought to dictate the formation of political society. Spinoza’s position, however, is markedly different: humans do not inherently desire one thing or the other, but rather pursue only that towards which they tend here and now. That political society necessarily arises, Matheron argues, is due not to the intervention of a utilitarian calculus or the imposition of an artificial contract, but rather under the influence of a common fear or common hope.
Is the State, According to Spinoza, an Individual in Spinoza’s Sense?
Authors: Matheron Alexandre
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, Matheron responds to debates in the Anglophone and Francophone literature concerning the nature of the State in Spinoza’s philosophy: ought it to be called an ‘individual’ in Spinoza’s sense of the term? By rigorously comparing Spinoza’s Ethics with numerous passages found in Spinoza’s political writings, Matheron presents what he calls a quasi-‘philological perspective’ that pays close attention to Spinoza’s Latin text and its subsequent translations into French and English. This leads Matheron to a discussion of whether or not a political society can be said to have a conatus in the Spinozist understanding of the term, which in turn leads to a discussion of natural and juridical laws. Matheron concludes with a problem: does the State have a ‘soul’ in the same way the human individual does, that is, as an idea of the body?
Appropriating Shiʿi Tradition and Engaging Christian Sources
Authors: Tiburcio Alberto
Published: September 2021

This chapter analyses the way in which Jadid al-Islam’s work uses both Islamic and Christian sources. From the Islamic archive, attention is drawn toward the use of hadith from specifically Shiʿi collections as prophetical signs. From the Christian archive we see both classical sources of Church history (and heresiography) as well as early modern sources. Of the latter, Jadid al-Islam brings forward Protestant and Catholic sources critical of the consensus of the Council of Trent as proofs of the divisions within the Christianity.
Sensing Justice through Contemporary Spanish Cinema
Authors: López Lerma Mónica
Published: September 2021

Sensing Justice through Contemporary Spanish Cinema examines the aesthetic frames that mediate the sensory perception and signification of law and justice in the context of 21st-century Spain. What senses do these frames privilege or downgrade? What kind of subjects do they show, construct, and address? What kind of affective and ethical responses do they invite? What kind of judgments do they invite?
The book addresses these questions by moving away from the focus on narrative and through a close analysis of selected contemporary Spanish films. By creating new frames of perception and signification, the films analyzed challenge the senses of law and justice traditionally taken for granted and reconfigure them anew.
Reconstructing Japan's Security
Authors: Singh Bhubhindar
Published: September 2021

Japan’s post-Cold War security policy displays significant changes compared to the Cold War period. One critical change has been the incorporation of the Japanese military, known as the Self-Defence Force (SDF), as a legitimate and important tool of Japanese post-Cold War security policy practice. It has developed new roles both outside and within the US-Japan alliance to contribute to regional/international security. The question is how the Japanese security policymaking elite has been able to bring about this critical change to the security policy practice in light of the domestic social and legal constraints that have traditionally prevented the expansion of Japan’s security role, in military terms, in regional and international affairs. This research introduces external military crises as an important factor for change in Japanese security policy. It argues that the Japanese security policymaking elite achieved security policy expansion by utilizing external military crises as policy windows, inflating and deflating threat elements to circumvent the constraints and justify the implementation of security policy initiatives. This utility of external military crises to widen the role of the Self-Defence Force (SDF) in shaping Japan’s security priorities, as well as its proactive contribution to regional/ international security are outlined in four key case studies - international peacekeeping in 1992, regional defence in 1997-99, global missions in 2003-05, and collective self-defence in 2014-15.
Astroculture and Geocentrism
Authors: Bowen Bleddyn E.
Published: September 2021

Chapter 4 builds on the continental insights of the previous chapter and reintroduces the human and cultural element to spacepower in Proposition VI, and considers the dangers of ethnocentrism in spacepower analysis, as well as how cultural factors and the geocentrism of strategic cultures on Earth will influence spacepower. Like any other facet of human activity, cultural and bureaucratic elements will be a part of space strategy, and policy. Strategic culture and military culture are already developing with spacepower. However, whether in a semi-independent Space Force or not, every military organisation will develop astroculture within a geocentric context, much like how continental navies had to fight for recognition and resources within a land-dominated strategic culture.
Oblique Casting and Early MGM
Authors: Salzberg Ana
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores Thalberg’s theory of “oblique casting,” which called for stars to move between different kinds of roles and so gain dimensionality in their performance styles and public personas. The chapter considers the legendarily versatile Lon Chaney’s performance in the first film produced by MGM, He Who Gets Slapped (Sjostrom, 1924), as well as highlighting the Thalberg-produced work of Marion Davies. Less acclaimed than Chaney but comparable in the fluidity of her characterizations – or, more specifically, impersonations of fellow stars – Davies’ work in The Patsy and Show People (both Vidor, 1928) speaks further to Thalberg’s concern with the polymorphic potential of the human form. The analysis also considers the formation of MGM itself, arguing that the versatility of oblique casting provides a conceptual parallel to the new studio’s process of self-definition.
One Great Scene: Thalberg’s Silent Spectacles
Authors: Salzberg Ana
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on Thalberg’s conviction that “every great film must have one great scene,” exploring what this meant for the dramatic and visual scale of epic filmmaking of the day. The chapter considers this theory in relation to The Big Parade (Vidor, 1925) and La Bohème (Vidor, 1926), looking closely at the ways that “great scenes” played out on the big screens of early movie palaces like Grauman’s Egyptian. Thalberg’s role in enhancing the star presences of John Gilbert and Lillian Gish also features here, providing case studies of the development of his star-making process. Indeed, inasmuch as Gilbert is the leading actor in both films, the chapter also explores his significance to Thalberg’s silent-era productions.
Tyrone Power
Authors: Kelly Gillian
Published: September 2021

One of the most popular actors of the Classical Hollywood period, Tyrone Power’s appeal was initially based around his outstanding beauty, his looks remaining key to his star persona throughout his 25-year career and almost 50 films, most of which were made at Twentieth Century-Fox, before his untimely death in 1958 at the age of 44. Although Power was one of Classical Hollywood’s major stars of the pre- and post-war years, he remains academically neglected. This book presents the first substantial academic study of Power and employs a range of approaches, including stardom and genre theory, to reappraise his career from various angles including gender, genre and image. Textual analysis coincides with discussions of Power’s multi-layered performances in a variety of genres while engaging with industry systems, specifically Twentieth Century-Fox, his home studio for almost two decades, and situates Power’s performances within the contexts of industry regulations, such as the Production Code, and industry technological advances, such as CinemaScope. A key historical figure of American cinema, Power’s significant career trajectory from pretty boy ‘pin-up’ in the 1930s to mature, virile action-adventure star at the close of his career demonstrates the natural progression of a ‘normal’ life and his ability to remain relevant across the decades. This book is part of a welcome new wave of scholarly studies on overlooked stars, such as Power, whose careers were initially based around their looks but who maintained a career as they aged.
Blasphemy and Apostasy in Islam
Authors: Kadivar Mohsen , Parolin Gianluca
Published: September 2021

Is it lawful to shed the blood of a man or a woman who insults the Prophet Muhammad? Does the Qur’an stipulate a worldly punishment for apostates? Beginning with a genealogy of religious freedom in contemporary Islam, this book tells the gripping story of Rafiq Taqi, an Azerbaijani journalist and writer, who was condemned to death by an Iranian cleric for a blasphemous news article in 2006.
Delving into the most sacred sources for all Muslims – the Qur’an and Hadith – Mohsen Kadivar explores the subject of blasphemy and apostasy from the perspective of Shi’a jurisprudence to articulate a polarisation between secularism and extremist religious orthodoxy. In a series of online exchanges, he debates the case with Muhammad Jawad Fazel, the son of Grand Ayatollah Fazel Lankarani who issued the fatwa pronouncing death penalty on Taqi. While disapproving of the journalist’s writings, Kadivar takes a defensive stance against vigilante murders and asks whether death for apostasy reflects the true spirit of Islam.
This book presents a back-and-forth debate between modern two Shi’a jurists (one conservative, one reformist) that locates the exact points of controversy surrounding apostasy and blasphemy. It engages with the broader subjects of religious freedom and human rights, addressing both secular and religious interests. The author’s extensive new introduction and annotations throughout the text brings the work up-to-date and place it in its academic and public contexts. Finally, the book takes a front-row seat to the debate on blasphemy and apostasy in Islam.
Content and Form
Authors: Fessenbecker Patrick
Published: September 2021

A remarkable demonstration of the contempt literary theory has had for content appears in the various reference dictionaries of literary terms. Almost invariably, they offer lengthy definitions of form, while usually failing to include an entry at all for content. Yet all the while, the term “content” recurs throughout other definitions, a hidden but necessary component of explaining the various methods of making sense of literary texts. A more nuanced account of the form-content distinction, one that draws on both the analytic philosophy of literature and the sophisticated scholarship on allegory in literary theory, explains how form can be a tool for the expression of literary content.
Anthony Trollope on Akrasia, Self-Deception and Ethical Confusion
Authors: Fessenbecker Patrick
Published: September 2021

Victoria Glendinning has noted that the “Ur-story” of Trollope’s novels consists of a romantic triangle where a protagonist is romantically committed to one character, yet becomes attracted to another character and hence delays the fulfillment of the first relationship. Trollope’s use of this form is not accidental: his novels return repeatedly and reflectively to agents who act against their own best judgment. Characters like Phineas Finn, who act on impulses they wish they did not have and for reasons with which they themselves disagree, demonstrate the centrality of the philosophical problem of akrasia or “weakness of the will” to Trollope’s thought, and thus make clear the extent to which Trollope’s use of the form of the romantic triangle is a tool for the analysis of a problem in moral psychology.
Robert Browning, Augusta Webster and the Role of Morality
Authors: Fessenbecker Patrick
Published: September 2021

It has sometimes been asserted that a refusal of straightforward communication is definitive of literature as such, or at least definitive of poetry. Such a definition is however not neutral; it reflects instead a preference for certain poets and poetic styles over others. Robert Browning’s dramatic monologues have occasionally been presented as his greatest poetic achievement, highlighting the ironic distancing supposedly central to poetics. However, a look at Augusta Webster’s contemporaneous dramatic monologues reveals that Browning’s irony does not define the genre: Webster uses the form not to create distance between the speaker and the reader but to highlight the intellectual problem she is addressing. Looking at how both poets addressed the role of morality in human life, the chapter contends Webster’s poetry demonstrates that many poetic traditions have emphasized content just as much as form.
Policing with Big Data: DNA Matching vs Crime Prediction
Authors: Sorell Tom
Published: September 2021

Sorell focuses on two state (police) uses of big data that have elicited concern: the creation of DNA databases and the use of past data to predict future crimes and criminals. In response to the former, Sorell argues that there is nothing intrinsically wrong with large-scale, indiscriminate databases of DNA profiles. These do not constitute an invasion of privacy, and nor do they necessarily render an entire population suspect, although he accepts that in the current climate they may be interpreted that way. As regards predictive policing, Sorell’s argument is that these uses are more concerning, basing future decisions on past information that may no longer be pertinent and could well be discriminatory.
The Technics of a Gnostic World: an Ontogeny of Big Data
Authors: MacWillie John
Published: September 2021

MacWillie’s chapter develops an ontological understanding of the infrastructure underlying big data applications through an historical overview of developments in information communications technology since the 1950s. This leads him to conclude that big data is a fundamentally new object in the world, bringing with it key issues of richness and complexity in computer networks.
Women in the Literary Marketplace: The Anglophone Iranian Novel and the Feminist Subject
Authors: Mattar Karim
Published: September 2021

This chapter turns to anglophone Middle Eastern literary production as an increasingly important site for the discursive and representational worlding of the region. I focus on the anglophone Iranian novel, and orient my discussion around questions of gender after the Iranian Revolution of 1979. After an overview of diasporic Iranian literary production in the context of geopolitical tensions with the West, I then delve more deeply into representations of gender. I argue that the massive popular and critical acclaim by which Azar Nafisi’s memoir Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books was met was based on its conformity to and reproduction of the “rogue state” idea of Iran, and its related disavowal of any form of feminism – especially Islamic feminism – other than the secular-liberal or universal. Yasmine Crowther’s and Marjane Satrapi’s (graphic) novels The Saffron Kitchen and Persepolis work against the cosmopolitan literary and political ideals to which Nafisi’s text subscribes, and instead plot trajectories of feminist agency in Iran rooted in and taking their contours from a sense of multiple belonging in nation, religion, family, and profession. They thus bring important Iranian perspectives to bear on the contemporary discussion of Islamic feminism in literature and culture.
Introduction: Contemporary Hermeneutics and the Question of Responsibility
Authors: George Theodore
Published: September 2021

The concern of The Responsibility to Understand is to contribute to the rehabilitation of the philosophical study of ethical life through consideration of the sense of responsibility at issue in hermeneutical experience. After a consideration of the scope and limits of this project for the discipline of ethics, the “Introduction” situates inquiry into the responsibility to understand within current research in hermeneutics. Inquiry into the responsibility to understand takes shape as a post-Gadamerian approach within hermeneutics that eschews postmodern positions, such as that forwarded by Gianni Vattimo, and builds on more recent, realistic positions that focus on factical life, such as those developed by Günter Figal, Donatella di Cesare, and James Risser. In this, I argue that inquiry into the responsibility to understand calls for a reconsideration of Gadamer’s attempt to advance (and perhaps advance beyond) Heidegger’s ontological turn in hermeneutics and, with it, his emphasis on the hermeneutics of facticity.
Israel Zangwill, or ‘The Jewish Dickens’: Representing Minority Communities in Novel and Newspaper
Authors: Valdez Jessica R.
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines how the newspaper participates in novelistic depictions of late nineteenth-century Anglo-Jewishness, with a focus on Israel Zangwill’s 1892 novel, Children of the Ghetto: A Study of a Peculiar People (1892) and George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda (1876). The dominant nineteenth-century Jewish newspaper, The Jewish Chronicle, sought to accommodate its readers and to represent a unified Jewish community to the larger national public; however, Jewish print culture more broadly was politically, culturally, and linguistically diverse. Acknowledging the centrality of newspapers to the Jewish community Zangwill dramatises the limitations of newspaper form and function to the cultivation of a broader affective attachment. In Children of the Ghetto, Zangwill contrasts the representative potential of novelistic realism with the English-language Orthodox newspaper, The Flag of Judah, which only imperfectly fosters an Anglo-Jewish community. The newspaper’s regularity and routinised labor dull its editor’s sense of time and weakens his affective attachment to other members of his community. In contrast, novelistic realism enables Zangwill to convey the complex feelings that the Jewish ghetto elicits in the protagonist and novelist Esther Ansell. The newspaper looks like a form conducive to affective connections only when it is repurposed by readers and made to work more like a novel.
This chapter also argues that Israel Zangwill reworks Eliot’s novelistic approaches to community in Children of the Ghetto. Whereas Daniel Deronda concludes with Deronda’s yearning towards Palestine and a nation for his people, Children of the Ghetto valorises the idea of the Jewish ghetto as a place of nostalgia, a setting that fosters affective attachment based not in anonymous communal imaginings but in lived and material proximity. Zangwill’s novel dramatises the difficulties in creating a minor community within a larger national community, and the extent to which form matters in how that community is envisioned.