bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 3GSps 12-bit Four-Channel Time-Interleaved Pipelined ADC in 40 nm CMOS Process
Authors: Li Jianwen , Guo Xuan , Luan Jian , Wu Danyu , Zhou Lei , Huang Yinkun , Wu Nanxun , Jia Hanbo , Zheng Xuqiang , Wu Jin , Liu Xinyu
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a four-channel time-interleaved 3GSps 12-bit pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The combination of master clock sampling and delay-adjusting is adopted to remove the time skew due to channel mismatches. An early comparison scheme is used to minimize the non-overlapping time, where a custom-designed latch is developed to replace the typical non-overlapping clock generator. By using the dither capacitor to generate an equivalent direct current input, a zero-input-based calibration is developed to correct the capacitor mismatch and inter-stage gain error. Fabricated in a 40 nm CMOS process, the ADC achieves a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of 57.8 dB and a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 72 dB with a 23 MHz input tone. It can achieve an SNDR above 52.3 dB and an SFDR above 61.5 dB across the entire first Nyquist zone. The differential and integral nonlinearities are −0.93/+0.73 least significant bit (LSB) and −2.8/+4.3 LSB, respectively. The ADC consumes 450 mW powered at 1.8V, occupies an active area of 3 mm × 1.3 mm. The calculated Walden figure of merit reaches 0.44 pJ/step.
High Frequency Square-Wave Voltage Injection Scheme-Based Position Sensorless Control of IPMSM in the Low- and Zero- Speed Range
Authors: Wang Shuang , Zhao Jianfei , Yang Kang
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a new sensorless control scheme with the injection of a high-frequency square-wave voltage of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) at low- and zero-speed operation is proposed. Conventional schemes may face the problems of obvious current sampling noise and slow identification in the process of magnetic polarity detection at zero speed operation, and the effects of inverter voltage error on the rotor position estimation accuracy at low speed operation. Based on the principle analysis of d-axis magnetic circuit characteristics, a method for determining the direction of magnetic polarity of d-axis two-opposite DC voltage offset by uninterruptible square-wave injection is proposed, which is fast in convergence rate of magnetic polarity detection and more distinct. In addition, the strategy injects a two-opposite high-frequency square-wave voltage vectors other than the one voltage vector into the estimated synchronous reference frame (SRF), which can reduce the effects of inverter voltage error on the rotor position estimation accuracy. With this approach, low-pass filter (LPF) and band-pass filter (BPF), which are used to obtain the fundamental current component and high-frequency current response with rotor position information respectively in the conventional sensorless control, are removed to simplify the signal process for estimating the rotor position and further improve control bandwidth. Finally, the experimental results on an IPMSM drive platform indicate that the rotor position with good steady state and dynamic performance can be obtained accurately at low-and zero-speed operation with the sensorless control strategy.
Study on Rule of Overburden Failure and Rock Burst Hazard under Repeated Mining in Fully Mechanized Top-Coal Caving Face with Hard Roof
Authors: Cui Feng , Dong Shuai , Lai Xingping , Chen Jianqiang , Cao Jiantao , Shan Pengfei
Published: December 2019

The dynamic disasters caused by the failure of hard roof in the process of mining coal seriously affect the safe production in coal mines. Based on the W1123 mining coal working face of Kuangou coal mine, the physical similar material simulation experiment and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring method are used to study the failure law and AE characteristics of overburden in the process of coal mining. The stress evolution law is revealed through numerical simulation, the dangerous areas and rock burst hazard under the repeated mining with hard roof are studied combined with microseismic monitoring on site. The results show that the energy of W1123 working face released by the overburden damage under B4-1 solid coal is higher than that of the gob, and the peak value of the AE energy appears near the W1145 open-off cut. Through the statistics of the AE data, the large energy rate of AE event is defined, and the AE events with large energy rate appear in the scale of 82.4–231.2 cm within the model. This area is shown as a stress superposition area according to the numerical simulation. On the basis of comparing with the characteristics of energy distribution in the field, it is considered that the main control factors of rock burst in this area are hard roof of the working face and the stress concentration caused by the repeated mining. It provides a scientific guidance for the prevention and control measures of rock burst in this type of mining condition.
Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation Systems in the Harmonic Domain
Authors: Díaz-Araujo Marcolino Humberto , Medina-Rios Aurelio , Madrigal-Martínez Manuel , Cleary-Balderas Luis Arthur
Published: December 2019

In this contribution, a harmonic domain (HD) model of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation systems is proposed. The topology of the PV generation system contains a PV array connected to a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter, coupled to the grid through a filter. The individual components of the PV system are modeled in the HD. The PV array is represented as a Thevenin equivalent, whereas the DC/DC converter and the DC/AC converter are represented in the HD using switching function matrices. The periodic steady-state solution of the PV system is obtained through simple matrix/vector operations. The results obtained by the proposed model are validated against the response obtained with the PSCAD/EMTDC® simulator, widely accepted by the power industry.
A Classification Method for Transmission Line Icing Process Curve Based on Hierarchical K-Means Clustering
Authors: Hao Yanpeng , Yao Zhaohong , Wang Junke , Li Hao , Li Ruihai , Yang Lin , Liang Wei
Published: December 2019

Icing forecasting for transmission lines is of great significance for anti-icing strategies in power grids, but existing prediction models have some disadvantages such as application limitations, weak generalization, and lack of global prediction ability. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper suggests a new conception about a segmental icing prediction model for transmission lines in which the classification of icing process plays a crucial role. In order to obtain the classification, a hierarchical K-means clustering method is utilized and 11 characteristic parameters are proposed. Based on this method, 97 icing processes derived from the Icing Monitoring System in China Southern Power Grid are clustered into six categories according to their curve shape and the abstracted icing evolution curves are drawn based on the clustering centroid. Results show that the processes of ice events are probably different and the icing process can be considered as a combination of several segments and nodes, which reinforce the suggested conception of the segmental icing prediction model. Based on monitoring data and clustering, the obtained types of icing evolution are more comprehensive and specific, and the work lays the foundation for the model construction and contributes to other fields.
Numerical Analysis of Dry Ice Blasting Convergent-Divergent Supersonic Nozzle
Authors: Dzido Aleksandra , Krawczyk Piotr , Kurkus-Gruszecka Michalina
Published: December 2019

There are several well-known and widely used industrial cleaning methods in the market today. One of them is dry ice blasting. In this method, moisture-free air is compressed, mixed with solid CO2 particles, and blasted though a nozzle; in the process, the gas expands, propelling its velocity. The high-speed, two-phase flow cleans by supercooling and crushing particles on the surface, causing dry ice sublimation. As the nozzle is a crucial component of the system, the authors conducted a numerical analysis of the geometry of the proposed convergent-divergent nozzle. A mathematical model of the supersonic, two-phase flow was developed and implemented in commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. Various operating parameters, such as inlet pressure and dry ice mass flow, were taken into consideration.
Characterizing the Spatial Distribution of Eragrostis Curvula (Weeping Lovegrass) in New Jersey (United States of America) Using Logistic Regression
Authors: Ngoy Kikombo Ilunga , Shebitz Daniela
Published: December 2019

The increasing spread of invasive plants has become a critical driver of global environmental change. Once established, invasive species are often impossible to eradicate. Therefore, predicting the spread has become a key element in fighting invasive species. In this study, we examined the efficiency of a logistic regression model as a tool to identify the spatial occurrence of an invasive plant species. We used Eragrostis curvula (Weeping Lovegrass) as the dependent variable. The independent variables included temperature, precipitation, soil types, and the road network. We randomly selected 68 georeferenced points to test the goodness of fit of the logistic regression model to predict the presence of E. curvula. We validated the model by selecting an additional 68 random points. Results showed that the probability to successfully predict the presence of E. Curvula was 82.35%. The overall predictive accuracy of the model for the presence or absence of E. Curvula was 80.88%. Additional tests including the Chi-square test, the Hosmer–Lemeshow (HL) test, and the area under the curve (AUC) values, all indicated that the model was the best fit. Our results showed that E. curvula was associated with the identified variables. This study suggests that the logistic regression model can be a useful tool in the identification of invasive species in New Jersey.
An Ant-Plant Mesocosm Experiment Reveals Dispersal Patterns of Myrmecochorous Plants
Authors: Fokuhl Gerriet , Heinze Jürgen , Poschlod Peter
Published: December 2019

For Central European herbs, ants are one common dispersal vector acting at relatively small spatial scales. Though extensively studied concerning the different benefits to plants, specific dispersal patterns mediated by ants have been reportedly very sparsely and without any validation. Thus, we studied the seed dispersal pattern of a set of myrmecochorous plant species in a novel mesocosm experiment. We examined the seed dispersal distances of four forest herbs (Hollow Root–Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte, Alpine Squill–Scilla bifolia L., and Common Dog-violet–Viola riviniana Rchb. and the annual Ivy-leaved Speedwell–Veronica hederifolia L.) by the red ant Myrmica ruginodis Nylander in 8.25 m² large plots under natural conditions with and without ants. In the presence of Myrmica ants, the bulb geophytes C. cava and S. bifolia showed a significantly higher fraction of dispersed seedlings and a maximum dispersal distance of 322 cm. Estimated by nearest neighbor analyses, distances between single C. cava seedlings were significantly higher in ant plots than in exclosures without ants. The annual species Veronica hederifolia showed a few dispersed seedlings in ant plots only, while the diplochorous hemicryptophyte Viola riviniana germinated in a widely scattered manner with distances up to 241 cm due to ballochorous dispersal in both ant and exclosure plots, but with a maximum of 324 cm only by means of ants. Our results indicate the escape from the mother plant and dispersal for distance as an important benefit for myrmecochorous species, potentially accompanied by benefits through reduced competition.
Device-Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness Are Independent Correlates of Cognitive Performance in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults—Results from the SCAPIS Pilot Study
Authors: Ekblom Maria M. , Ekblom Örjan B. , Börjesson Mats , Bergström Göran , Jern Christina , Wallin Anders
Published: December 2019

High aerobic fitness, more moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and less sedentary behavior (SED) have all been suggested to promote cognitive functions, but it is unclear whether they are independent predictors of specific cognitive domains. This study aimed to investigate to what extent aerobic fitness MVPA and SED are independently associated with cognitive performance among middle-aged Swedish adults. We acquired device-based measures of aerobic fitness, cognitive performance and percent daily time spent in MVPA and SED in Swedish adults (n = 216; 54–66 years old). Aerobic fitness was associated with better performance at one out of two tests of speed/attention and one out of four tests of executive attention, and with worse performance at one of seven tests of memory. Increasing %MVPA was associated with better performance at one out of seven tests of memory and two out of three tests of verbal ability, whereas increasing %SED was associated with better performance at all four tests of executive attention and four out of seven tests of memory. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness, %MVPA and %SED are partly independent correlates of cognitive performance. To fully understand the association between SED and performance at several tests of cognitive function, future investigations might attempt to investigate intellectually engaging SED (such as reading books) separately from mentally undemanding SED (such as watching TV).
The Influence of Emotional Environmental Pictures on Behavior Intentions: The Evidence of Neuroscience Technology
Authors: Chang Wei-Yin , Lo Ming-Te , Huang Chin-Fei
Published: December 2019

Background: In recent years, researchers have been paying increasing attention to the issues of how emotions affect people’s perceptions of the environment, and how they influence people’s behavior or intentions to act. The purpose of this study is to explore the influences of emotions on environmental intention to act by using the neuroscience technology electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: A total of 70 university students participated in this study. They looked at positive and negative emotional environmental pictures and decided if they wanted to protect the environment after looking at the pictures. The participants wore an EEG cap throughout the process in order to collect their brain wave (EEG) data. Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the power value of meditation was significantly higher when the participants looked at the positive than at the negative emotional environmental pictures (p < 0.001). The power value of pressure was significantly higher when the participants looked at the negative than at the positive emotional environmental pictures (p < 0.001). The power value of attention was significantly higher when the participants looked at the negative than at the emotional environmental pictures (p < 0.001). Conclusions and recommendations: The findings showed that positive emotional environmental pictures might promote positive emotions, but will decrease the intention to act to protect the environment. In contrast, negative emotional environmental pictures will increase negative emotions, and will also increase attention and intention to act to protect the environment. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Fixed Point Theory for Digital k-Surfaces and Some Remarks on the Euler Characteristics of Digital Closed Surfaces
Authors: Han Sang-Eon
Published: December 2019

The present paper studies the fixed point property (FPP) for closed k-surfaces. We also intensively study Euler characteristics of a closed k-surface and a connected sum of closed k-surfaces. Furthermore, we explore some relationships between the FPP and Euler characteristics of closed k-surfaces. After explaining how to define the Euler characteristic of a closed k-surface more precisely, we confirm a certain consistency of the Euler characteristic of a closed k-surface and a continuous analog of it. In proceeding with this work, for a simple closed k-surface in Z 3 , say S k , we can see that both the minimal 26-adjacency neighborhood of a point x ∈ S k , denoted by M k ( x ) , and the geometric realization of it in R 3 , denoted by D k ( x ) , play important roles in both digital surface theory and fixed point theory. Moreover, we prove that the simple closed 18-surfaces M S S 18 and M S S 18 ′ do not have the almost fixed point property (AFPP). Consequently, we conclude that the triviality or the non-triviality of the Euler characteristics of simple closed k-surfaces have no relationships with the FPP in digital topology. Using this fact, we correct many errors in many papers written by L. Boxer et al.
Laser Beam Welding of a Low Density Refractory High Entropy Alloy
Authors: Panina Evgeniya , Yurchenko Nikita , Zherebtsov Sergey , Stepanov Nikita , Salishchev Gennady , Ventzke Volker , Dinse René , Kashaev Nikolai
Published: December 2019

The effect of laser beam welding on the structure and properties of a Ti1.89NbCrV0.56 refractory high entropy alloy was studied. In particular, the effect of different pre-heating temperatures was examined. Due to the low ductility of the material, laser beam welding at room temperature resulted in the formations of hot cracks. Sound butt joints without cracks were produced using pre-heating to T ≥ 600 °C. In the initial as-cast condition, the alloy consisted of coarse bcc grains with a small amount of lens-shaped C15 Laves phase particles. A columnar microstructure was formed in the welds; the thickness of the grains increased with the temperature of pre-heating before welding. The Laves phase particles were formed in the seams after welding at 600 °C or 800 °C, however, these particles were not observed after welding at room temperature or at 400 °C. Soaking at elevated temperatures did not change the microstructure of the base material considerably, however, “additional” small Laves particles formed at 600 °C or 800 °C. Tensile test of welded specimens performed at 750 °C resulted in the fracture of the base material because of the higher hardness of the welds. The latter can be associated with the bcc grains refinement in the seams.
Significance and Transformation of 3-Alkyl-2-Methoxypyrazines Through Grapes to Wine: Olfactory Properties, Metabolism, Biochemical Regulation, and the HP–MP Cycle
Authors: Zhao Xianfang , Ju Yanlun , Wei Xiaofeng , Dong Shuo , Sun Xiangyu , Fang Yulin
Published: December 2019

3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs) contribute to the herbaceous flavor characteristics of wine and are generally considered associated with poor-quality wine. To control the MPs in grapes and wine, an accurate understanding of MP metabolism is needed. This review covers factors affecting people in the perception of MPs. Also, the history of O-methyltransferases is revisited, and the present review discusses the MP biosynthesis, degradation, and biochemical regulation. We propose the existence of a cycle between MPs and 3-alkyl-2-hydropyrazines (HPs), which proceeds via O-(de)methylation steps. This cycle governs the MP contents of wines, which make the cycle the key participant in MP regulation by genes, environmental stimuli, and microbes. In conclusion, a comprehensive metabolic pathway on which the HP–MP cycle is centered is proposed after gaining insight into their metabolism and regulation. Some directions for future studies on MPs are also proposed in this paper.
The Effect of Metal Film Thickness on Ignition of Organic Explosives with a Laser Pulse
Authors: Khaneft Alexander V. , Dolgachev Vadim A. , Rybin Svyatoslav A.
Published: December 2019

The results of numerical ignition simulation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) by aluminium (Al) and molybdenum (Mo) films heated by nanosecond laser pulses in a three-layer system: glass–metal–explosive material (EM) are presented. Influence of metal film thickness on the time of EM ignition delay was considered. A non-linier dependence of time of delay of ignition of EM from thickness of a metal film is shown. The greatest critical thicknesses of Al and Mo metallic films at which ignition of EM is still possible were determined. It was established that the greater the thickness of the metal film and heat resistance of EM, the greater the heat reserve needed in EM ignition film. It was established that the ignition delay time of EM increases in the sequence of PETN, RDX, HMX and TATB.
Preparative Separation of Alkaloids from Stem of Euchresta tubulosa Dunn. by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography Using Stepwise Elution
Authors: Li Weixin , Wang Huan , Dong Aiwen
Published: December 2019

Euchresta tubulosa Dunn. is a Chinese herbal medicine with biological activity, but there are few studies on its components at present. Alkaloids in the stem of Euchresta tubulosa Dunn. were isolated and purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) using stepwise elution. First of all, liquid-liquid extraction (methylene chloride-methanol-water, 5:1:4, v/v) was used for the preliminary enrichment. According to the partition coefficient (K) of a target compound in a series of different two-phase solvents, the final result was that carbon tetrachloride-methylene chloride-methanol-water (2:3:3:2, v/v) (1) and methylene chloride-methanol-water (5:3:2, v/v) (2) were suitable for the HSCCC using stepwise elution. As a result, the purity was all higher than 93% and matrine (1), oxymatrine (2), N-formyl cytisine (3), and N-acetyl cytisine (4) can be eluted at one time by this mode. Cytisine-type alkaloids were isolated for the first time in this plant. Finally, the applicability of the mode was verified.
Multi-Time-Scale Rolling Optimal Dispatch for Grid-Connected AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids
Authors: Luo Zhao , Zhu Zhendong , Zhang Zhiyuan , Qin Jinghui , Wang Hao , Gao Zeyong , Yang Zhichao
Published: December 2019

In order to reduce the impact of the randomness and volatility of renewable energy on the economic operation of AC/DC hybrid microgrids, a multi-time-scale rolling optimization strategy is proposed for the grid-connected AC/DC hybrid microgrids. It considers the source-load uncertainty declined with time scale reduction, and the scheduling cooperation problem of different units on different time scales. In this paper, we propose a three-time-scale optimal strategy of the day-ahead, intraday and real-time dispatching stage and a two-level rolling optimal strategy of the intraday and real-time stage, aiming at minimizing the operating cost. We added the power penalty cost in the rolling optimization model to limit the energy state of the energy storage system in the constraint, and improve the power correction and tracking effect of the rolling optimization. A typical-structure AC/DC hybrid microgrid is analyzed in this paper and the simulation results are shown to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed multi-time-scale rolling optimal dispatch.
A Multi-Node Energy Prediction Approach Combined with Optimum Prediction Interval for RF Powered WSNs
Authors: Koirala Bikrant , Dahal Keshav , Keir Paul , Chen Wenbing
Published: December 2019

Energy prediction plays a vital role in designing an efficient power management system for any environmentally powered Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Most of the Moving Average (MA)-based energy prediction methods depend on past energy readings of the concerned node to predict its future energy availability. However, in case of RF powered WSNs the harvesting history of the main node along with neighbouring nodes can also be used to develop a more robust prediction technique. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Node energy prediction method for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RF-EH) WSNs, which predicts the future energy availability by taking into account harvesting history of all nodes surrounding the main node. We analyse the effective distance for prediction and also develop a mathematical model to compute the optimum value of prediction interval, which has a major effect in prediction accuracy and system design, considering energy neutrality. Results show that Multi-Node prediction is less sensitive to prediction interval while inheriting the advantages of MA techniques. Also, nodes located at a larger distance were utilized less for prediction, and as the prediction interval increased, the utilization of more distant nodes decreased. Furthermore, we also establish a linear relation between the prediction interval and the energy threshold limit.
A Pilot Study on Falling-Risk Detection Method Based on Postural Perturbation Evoked Potential Features
Authors: Jiang Shenglong , Qi Hongzhi , Zhang Jie , Zhang Shufeng , Xu Rui , Liu Yuan , Meng Lin , Ming Dong
Published: December 2019

In the human-robot hybrid system, due to the error recognition of the pattern recognition system, the robot may perform erroneous motor execution, which may lead to falling-risk. While, the human can clearly detect the existence of errors, which is manifested in the central nervous activity characteristics. To date, the majority of studies on falling-risk detection have focused primarily on computer vision and physical signals. There are no reports of falling-risk detection methods based on neural activity. In this study, we propose a novel method to monitor multi erroneous motion events using electroencephalogram (EEG) features. There were 15 subjects who participated in this study, who kept standing with an upper limb supported posture and received an unpredictable postural perturbation. EEG signal analysis revealed a high negative peak with a maximum averaged amplitude of −14.75 ± 5.99 μV, occurring at 62 ms after postural perturbation. The xDAWN algorithm was used to reduce the high-dimension of EEG signal features. And, Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLDA) was used to train a classifier. The detection rate of the falling-risk onset is 98.67%. And the detection latency is 334ms, when we set detection rate beyond 90% as the standard of dangerous event onset. Further analysis showed that the falling-risk detection method based on postural perturbation evoked potential features has a good generalization ability. The model based on typical event data achieved 94.2% detection rate for unlearned atypical perturbation events. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using neural response to detect dangerous fall events.
Hydrogel Microparticles Functionalized with Engineered Escherichia coli as Living Lactam Biosensors
Authors: Ma Conghui , Li Jie , Zhang Boyin , Liu Chenxi , Zhang Jingwei , Liu Yifan
Published: December 2019

Recently there has been an increasing need for synthesizing valued chemicals through biorefineries. Lactams are an essential family of commodity chemicals widely used in the nylon industry with annual production of millions of tons. The bio-production of lactams can substantially benefit from high-throughput lactam sensing strategies for lactam producer screening. We present here a robust and living lactam biosensor that is directly compatible with high-throughput analytical means. The biosensor is a hydrogel microparticle encapsulating living microcolonies of engineered lactam-responsive Escherichia coli. The microparticles feature facile and ultra-high throughput manufacturing of up to 10,000,000 per hour through droplet microfluidics. We show that the biosensors can specifically detect major lactam species in a dose-dependent manner, which can be quantified using flow cytometry. The biosensor could potentially be used for high-throughput metabolic engineering of lactam biosynthesis.
Novel and Automatic Rice Thickness Extraction Based on Photogrammetry Using Rice Edge Features
Authors: Kong Yuchen , Fang Shenghui , Wu Xianting , Gong Yan , Zhu Renshan , Liu Jian , Peng Yi
Published: December 2019

The dimensions of phenotyping parameters such as the thickness of rice play an important role in rice quality assessment and phenotyping research. The objective of this study was to propose an automatic method for extracting rice thickness. This method was based on the principle of binocular stereovision but avoiding the problem that it was difficult to directly match the corresponding points for 3D reconstruction due to the lack of texture of rice. Firstly, the shape features of edge, instead of texture, was used to match the corresponding points of the rice edge. Secondly, the height of the rice edge was obtained by way of space intersection. Finally, the thickness of rice was extracted based on the assumption that the average height of the edges of multiple rice is half of the thickness of rice. According to the results of the experiments on six kinds of rice or grain, errors of thickness extraction were no more than the upper limit of 0.1 mm specified in the national industry standard. The results proved that edge features could be used to extract rice thickness and validated the effectiveness of the thickness extraction algorithm we proposed, which provided technical support for the extraction of phenotyping parameters for crop researchers.
Temporal changes in distributions and the species atlas: How can British and Irish plant data shoulder the inferential burden?
Authors: Pescott Oliver L. , Humphrey Thomas A. , Stroh Peter A. , Walker Kevin J.
Published: December 2019

Species distribution atlases often rely on volunteer effort to achieve their desired coverage, an activity now typically discussed, at least in academia, under the general theme of “citizen science”. Such data, however, are rarely without complex biases, particularly with respect to the estimation of trends in species’ distributions over many decades. The data of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI) are no exception to this, and both careful thought in data aggregation (spatial, temporal, and taxonomic) and appropriate modelling procedures are required to overcome these challenges. We discuss these issues, with a primary focus on the statistical models that have been put forward to adjust for such biases. Such models include the Telfer method, various “reporting rate” approaches based on generalised linear models, the frequency scaling using local occupancy (“Frescalo”) model, occupancy models, and spatial smoothing methods. In each case the strengths and limitations in relation to estimating trends from distribution data with important time-varying biases are assessed. Various properties of BSBI data, in particular the increasing numbers of records at fine spatial and temporal scales over the past century, coupled with a general lack of re-visits to sites at such finer scales and the time-varying biases previously mentioned, imply that methods that can be sensibly applied at coarser levels are likely to be most appropriate for estimating accurate long-term trends in distributions. We conclude that Frescalo, which can be seen as a type of occupancy model where an adjustment for overlooked species is made in relation to spatial rather than temporal replication, whilst simultaneously adjusting for variable regional effort, is currently the most sophisticated tool for achieving this. Although recording community-accepted adjustments to data collection practices may allow for a greater application of occupancy modelling or other approaches in the future, methods that seek accurate trends over the long-term are necessarily limited either to scales at which various properties of the data in hand are most likely to be unbiased, or at which the biases are well enough understood to be modelled accurately.
Threats to safe transitions from hospital to home: a consensus study in North West London primary care
Authors: Markiewicz Ola , Lavelle Mary , Lorencatto Fabiana , Judah Gaby , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara
Published: December 2019

Background

Transitions between healthcare settings are vulnerable points for patients.

Aim

To identify key threats to safe patient transitions from hospital to primary care settings.

Design and setting

Three-round web-based Delphi consensus process among clinical and non-clinical staff from 39 primary care practices in North West London, England.

Method

Round 1 was a free-text idea-generating round. Rounds 2 and 3 were consensus-obtaining rating rounds. Practices were encouraged to complete the questionnaires at team meetings. Aggregate ratings of perceived level of importance for each threat were calculated (1–3: ‘not important’, 4–6: ‘somewhat important’, 7–9: ‘very important’). Percentage of votes cast for each patient or medication group were recorded; consensus was defined as ≥75%.

Results

A total of 39 practices completed round 1, 36/39 (92%) completed round 2, and 30/36 (83%) completed round 3. Round 1 identified nine threats encompassing problems involving communication, service organisation, medication provision, and patients who were most at risk. ‘Poor quality of handover instructions from secondary to primary care teams’ achieved the highest rating (mean rating at round 3 = 8.43) and a 100% consensus that it was a ‘very important’ threat. Older individuals (97%) and patients with complex medical problems taking >5 medications (80%) were voted the most vulnerable. Anticoagulants (77%) were considered to pose the greatest risk to patients.

Conclusion

This study identified specific threats to safe patient transitions from hospital to primary care, providing policymakers and healthcare providers with targets for quality improvement strategies. Further work would need to identify factors underpinning these threats so that interventions can be tailored to the relevant behavioural and environmental contexts in which these threats arise.
Ethics education and moral decision-making in clinical commissioning: an interview study
Authors: Knight Selena , Hayhoe Benedict WJ , Frith Lucy , Ashworth Mark , Sajid Imran , Papanikitas Andrew
Published: December 2019

Background

Clinical commissioning involves ethically challenging decisions about health resource allocation. However, commissioners come from a range of professional backgrounds with varying levels of training and expertise in ethical decision-making. Hence, they may lack the relevant training and resources to feel fully prepared for this increasingly demanding role.

Aim

This study aims to provide insight into how prepared commissioners feel in making ethical decisions; what ethics learning needs they might have; and how these might be addressed.

Design and setting

This qualitative interview study explored the experiences of commissioners working for clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in England.

Method

Eighteen participants were interviewed between December 2017 and July 2018 using a purposive sampling approach to participant selection. Transcriptions were coded and analysed using the constant comparative method of thematic analysis.

Results

Most participants had not received ethics training in preparation for, or during, their commissioning role, and reported difficulties identifying and analysing ethical issues. Participants often felt uncomfortable about decisions they were involved in, attributing this to a number of factors: a sense of moral unease; concerns that CCGs’ decision-making processes were not sufficiently transparent; and that CCGs were not fully accountable to the population served.

Conclusion

Commissioners face complex decisions involving ethical issues, and associated moral unease is exacerbated by a lack of ethics training and lack of confidence in identifying and analysing these. This study shows a clear need for additional support and ethics training for commissioners to support them in this area of decision-making.
PERAN ANAK-ANAK DALAM IKLAN TELEVISI
Authors: Silviana Linda Mega
Published: December 2019

Iklan televisi yang diperankan oleh anak-anak mendapatkan pelanggaran terkait aturan periklanan yang disebut dengan EPI (Etika Pariwara Indonesia), di antaranya iklan Tri Indie+, iklan Wall’s Selection, dan iklan margarin Forvita. Pesan yang terkandung dalam iklan yang diteliti lebih menekankan pada penggambaran sifat, karakter, serta cara pandang anak-anak mengenai kehidupan sekitar lingkungannya dalam membawa muatan pesan dari masing-masing produk yang diiklankan. Penggambaran cara pandang iklan dikemas dalam pendekatan dan gaya iklan yang mengandung unsur kritik dan komedi yang diperkuat dari Isi Wimba yang menggambarkan stereotip anak-anak berdasarkan atribut yang digunakan, penggambaran lingkungan yang dekat dan sesuai dengan karakter anak, serta narasi dalam iklan.
STUDI KOMPARATIF PADA KOSTUM TARI MERAK KARYA RADEN TJETJE SOMANTRI DAN KARYA IRAWATI DURBAN ARDJO MELALUI PENDEKATAN ESTETIKA
Authors: Kartiyani Miraci
Published: December 2019

Jawa Barat adalah salah satu provinsi yang memiliki masyarakat agamis dengan kekayaan warisan budayanya serta nilai-nilai luhur tradisionalnya. Sebagai salah satu contoh budaya Jawa Barat adalah tarian, terdapat berbagai macam tarian di Jawa barat. Salah satu tarian yang banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat adalah Tari Merak. Tari Merak merupakan seni tari yang berasal dari Jawa Barat dan diciptakan oleh Raden Tjetje Somantri tahun 1955. Namun berbeda dengan Tari Merak yang sering dijumpai saat ini adalah karya Irawati Durban yang dibuat ulang kostum dan koreografinya pada tahun 1965. Oleh sebab itu peneliti memilih “Studi Komparatif Pada Kostum Tari Merak Karya Rd. Tjetje Somantri dan Karya Irawati Durban Ardjo Melalui Pendakan Estetika”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teori estetika. Teknik alasisis yang dilakukan yaitu studi pustaka, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.  Pada bentuk visual tari merak ditemukan beberapa perbedaan dan persamaan pada kostum Tari Merak Tjetje dan kostum Tari Merak Irawati. Begitupun dengan koreografi yang memiliki aspek-aspek yang sama, berbeda, dan ditambahkan, sehingga kedua tari merak tersebut di komparasikan. Penelitian fokus terhadap unsur-unsur estetika pada bentuk visual kostum tari merak dan koreografinya.
KAJIAN BENTUK, FUNGSI DAN MAKNA RAGAM HIAS RUMAH BOLON SIMALUNGUN BERDASARKAN TATANAN SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT SIMALUNGUN
Authors: Regita Roseilda
Published: December 2019

Rumah merupakan cerminan dari sosial kultur zamannya, oleh karena itu banyak hal yang melatar belakangi terjadinya bentuk bangunan rumah adat seperti keadaan alam lingkungan, kebudayaan, sistem kekerabatan, sistem religi, adat istiadat dan pola pemerintah. Penelitian ini berjudul “Kajian  Bentuk, Fungsi dan Makna Ragam Hias Rumah Bolon Simalungun Berdasarkan Tatanan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Simalungun”. Penelitian ini bertujuan secara umum untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai tradisi bangunan tradisional Simalungun dengan berusaha menggunakan konsepsi dan nilai-nilai budaya Simalungun yang ada secara khusus, seperti mengungkapkan makna yang ada dalam bangunan rumah Bolon Simalungun, mendeskripsikan komponen bangunan rumah Bolon Simalungun, yaitu bagian atap, bagian badan serta bagian bawah bangunan, dan mengidentifikasi corak ragam hias pada bangunan rumah Bolon Simalungun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan teknik deskriptif kualitatif, dengan alat pengumpulan data dilakukan secara metode dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap jenis-jenis bangunan ditinjau dari prinsip bentuk, fungsi dan makna ragam hias pada bangunan rumah Bolon Simalungun di Pematang Purba. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggali kembali budaya tradisional Simalungun yang termuat dalam bangunan tradisional yang selama ini dilupakan. Tidak semua dari bagian-bagian bangunan rumah tradisional yang dapat dipahami secara makna adat sebagai gambaran ciri perilaku masyarakat Simalungun. Dalam usaha pelestarian bangunan rumah Bolon Simalungun ini memiliki dampak yang jauh ke masa yang akan datang, yaitu agar setiap orang, baik masyarakat Simalungun, generasi tua atau generasi muda sebagai penerus atau pewaris budaya daerahnya, akan memahami dan mengetahui tentang hasil budaya daerah asalnya.
MONUMENT STATUE STUDY OF NANI WARTABONE STRUGGLE THROUGH BACKGROUND AND ITS VISUALIZATION
Authors: Isla Muhammad
Published: December 2019

This study aims to find out how to study the Nani Wartabone statue in terms of visuals, to provide knowledge to the people of Gorontalo the meaning of the Nani Wartabone statue and to describe the background study and visualization of the Tilongolo Nani Wartabone monument statue. This research was written using descriptive qualitative research methods, the authors observed in detail the background and visualization of the Tilongolo Nani Wartabone monument, the results of this study allow the writer to know the historical background of the Tilongolo Nani Wartabone monument statue and the writer can also know the visual meaning of the Tilongolo Monument statue Nani Wartabone. The research results obtained by the author are quite good because there are two sources who are quite helpful in the process of writing this research, the conclusion or the final result of this study is that the writer and the public can find out the background of the Nani Wartabone statue made to commemorate his services in fighting the invaders and the meaning of the visualization of the statue of the struggle of Nani Wartabone, namely: (1) The pointing hand has a meaning, namely his birthplace, Bube Village, Suwawa District, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province; (2) Bayonet in the left pocket is made by Suwawa which has the mystical power to protect Nani Wartabone in certain situations; (3) The pistol in the right pocket is used as a helper for the main weapon in the left hand of Nani Wartabone; (4) The weapon in the left hand of Nani Wartabone is a long rifle (hunting rifle) that can be used on the battlefield; (5) The Safari uniform used by Nani Wartabone has patriotic meaning and strength; and (6) Base of 2 and the curve of base of 3 represents the number 23 celebrated as patriotic day by the people of Gorontalo.
A Preceptoria de Núcleo de Serviço Social nos programas de residência multiprofissional em Porto Alegre, RS
Authors: Kuss Cristine , Maria Baptista Lewgoy Alzira
Published: December 2019

O artigo objetiva apresentar como se constitui o processo pedagógico da Preceptoria de Núcleo do Serviço Social para o ensino da formação em serviço nos Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde em Porto Alegre. Pesquisa qualitativa, documental, bibliográfica e de campo. Os Participantes se constituíram de Preceptoras de Núcleos de Serviço Social de três hospitais de Porto Alegre, RS. Configura-se como resultados, uma concepção de Preceptoria de Núcleo em Serviço Social como espaço de mediação entre o trabalho profissional na interface com outras áreas profissionais e como espaço de organização da atenção do Serviço Social, na constituição de suas competências. A Preceptoria de Núcleo representa um dos espaços pedagógicos para supervisão profissional dos Assistentes Sociais Residentes. Constitui-se também, no processo de formação em serviço, lugar de resistência das relações dos Assistentes Sociais nas equipes de saúde.
 
Palavras Chave: Preceptoria; Serviço Social; Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde; Sistema Único de Saúde
Política de saúde e a formação dos trabalhadores no sistema único de saúde
Authors: Souza Bravo Maria Inês , Andreazzi Maria de Fátima Siliansky de
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo apresenta discussão acerca das contrarreformas na política de saúde que tem tensionado o processo formativo dos trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Apresenta a correção de forças existente para implantação de diferentes projetos para área da saúde e defende a perspectiva do projeto de reforma sanitária construído nos anos 1970 e reforça as pautas que a Frente Nacional contra a privatização da saúde.
Implementasi Metode Certainty Factor pada Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Karies Gigi
Authors: Arysespajayadi Arysespajayadi , Sutoyo Muh. Nurtanzis , Qammaddin Qammaddin
Published: December 2019

Penyakit karies gigi merupakan gejala awal pada gigi berlubang yang menjadi masalah serius bila tidak ditangani dengan baik. Ada beberapa bagian penyakit karies gigi diantaranya karies pulpitis, karies kalkulus, karies media, karies liken planus, dan lain-lain. Agar menghasilkan sebuah nilai kepastian maka diperlukan suatu kaidah penyakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 kaidah penyakit. Dari 10 kaidah penyakit tersebut selanjutnya digunakan metode certainty factor (CF) untuk menangani nilai ketidakpastian. Pada penelitian ini nilai faktor kepastian diperoleh dari paramedis dan pakar. Nilai CF dari paramedis diberikan saat melakukan diagnosa terhadap suatu gejala dan nilai CF terhadap penyakit diberikan oleh pakar. Dari contoh kasus yang diberikan, proses perhitungan dengan certainty factor pada kaidah pertama user yang mengalami penyakit Pulpitis Akut menghasilkan nilai 0.98, sedangkan pada kaidah ketiga user dengan penyakit Karies Media menghasilkan nilai 0.97. Dari hasil kedua penyakit tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyakit Pulpitis Akut memiliki nilai kepastian yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan penyakit Karies Media. Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa sistem pakar diagnosa karies gigi menggunakan metode CF mampu mengambil keputusan dengan memberikan solusi dan berfungsi sebagai alternatif saat konsultasi gigi.
Attitude Competency Assessment in the 2013 curriculum based on elementary school Prototyping methods
Authors: Febriyanto Erick , Naufal Romzi Syauqi , Budiarty Frizca
Published: December 2019

In the rapid development of 4.0 technology, now all aspects and types of activities have begun to utilize the presence of increasingly sophisticated technology to facilitate the activities, including the utilization of technology in the world of education. However, the application of technology in primary schools has not been able to be used properly, one of them in supporting the government program is 2013 curriculum. Based on the observation done at SDN Sukanagara and the study of the literature, in the process of processing competency values of students ' social and spiritual attitude is still less efficient, because assessment and input value still use the method Conventional time consuming and using a lot of paper on its process. In an effort to support the paperless program, utilization of technology for Attitude Competency Assessment in 2013 curriculum is needed, so there needs to be a system that can facilitate the assessment process of attitude competency that is more concise, efficient and Paperless. In this study there are 3 (three) methods used: Observation, library study, and prototyping. The results of this research in the form of prototype input competency assessment of social and spiritual attitude is packaged in the form of questionnaire, which is expected to assist in the processing of assessment data.