bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding in mathematics: The case of mathematical proofs
Authors: Hamami Yacin , Morris Rebecca Lea
Published: April 2024

Although understanding is the object of a growing literature in epistemology and the philosophy of science, only few studies have concerned understanding in mathematics. This essay offers an account of a fundamental form of mathematical understanding: proof understanding. The account builds on a simple idea, namely that understanding a proof amounts to rationally reconstructing its underlying plan. This characterization is fleshed out by specifying the relevant notion of plan and the associated process of rational reconstruction, building in part on Bratman's theory of planning agency. It is argued that the proposed account can explain a significant range of distinctive phenomena commonly associated with proof understanding by mathematicians and philosophers. It is further argued, on the basis of a case study, that the account can yield precise diagnostics of understanding failures and can suggest ways to overcome them. Reflecting on the approach developed here, the essay concludes with some remarks on how to shape a general methodology common to the study of mathematical and scientific understanding and focused on human agency.
The coordination of bimaxillary alveolar arch widths in subjects with normal occlusion or posterior crossbite: A CBCT retrospective study
Authors: Luo Liangyu , Liu Qing , Pan Yihua , Song Yidan , Li Jiaojiao , Cheng Lanxin , Zhao Zhihe , Liu Jun
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To propose a method for evaluating the coordination of maxillomandibular alveolar arch in transverse dimension with cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to apply this method to subjects with normal occlusion at different dentition stages or transverse discrepancy.

Materials and Methods

Digital data of 130 patients with normal occlusion at different dentition stages or transverse discrepancy were collected for three‐dimensional reconstruction. The patients with normal occlusion were divided into Group 1 (>16 years) and Group 2 (≤16 years) based on their age. Adult patients with posterior crossbite were divided into the Group 3. According to the proposed method, the average alveolar arch coordination angle (AACA) and other parameters were analysed in each group. Group 1 was considered as the control group and compared with Group 2 and Group 3.

Results

Significant differences were observed in the maxillary posterior segment width among patients with normal occlusion. Group 3 demonstrated increased AACA and mandibular alveolar arch width compared with the normal occlusion group. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between maxillomandibular alveolar arch widths in the normal occlusion groups, with a strong correlation between AACA and the disparity in maxillomandibular widths.

Conclusion

Adults with normal occlusion exhibit significantly wider maxillary posterior alveolar arches than adolescents, with no marked difference in mandibular widths. The posterior crossbite group showed broader mandibular alveolar arches. There was a strong correlation between AACA and the difference in maxillomandibular widths. This study's method shows potential value for orthodontic transverse diagnosis.
Carbon pricing for international shipping, equity, and WTO law
Authors: Dominioni Goran
Published: April 2024

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is working on the adoption of a greenhouse gas (GHG) pricing instrument to decarbonise international shipping. This article analyses whether World Trade Organization (WTO) law can limit the implementation of an IMO GHG pricing instrument. In particular, it breaks new ground by analysing the compatibility of current proposals tabled at the IMO with the General Agreement on Trade in Services and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. In addition, it analyses whether WTO law limits the IMO's ability to adopt a GHG pricing instrument that addresses equity concerns via the implementation of exemptions for developing countries, Least Developed Countries, and Small Islands Developing States.
Parental reflective functioning in mothers and fathers of preschoolers: Associations with adult attachment and parenting behavior
Authors: Egmose Ida , Steenhoff Tine , Tharner Anne , Væver Mette Skovgaard
Published: April 2024

Parental reflective functioning (PRF) is considered a key parental competence. Since most research on PRF has focused on infancy or the first years of life, there is a gap in our understanding of PRF among parents of older children. Therefore, we investigated PRF in mothers and fathers with preschool‐aged children, examining associations between PRF, parent's romantic attachment, and observed parenting behavior. The sample comprised 50 mothers, 40 fathers, and their 5‐year‐old children. PRF was assessed using the parental reflective functioning questionnaire (PRFQ), parental romantic attachment was assessed using the experiences in close relationships scale‐revised (ECR‐R), and parenting behavior was assessed during a parent–child free‐play interaction with the coding interactive behavior (CIB) coding system. Results showed that mothers scored higher on the interest and curiosity scale than fathers, indicating that mothers show a more active interest and curiosity in their child's mental states. Further, higher levels of attachment anxiety in fathers were associated with higher levels of pre‐mentalizing modes. In mothers, higher levels of attachment avoidance were associated with lower levels of interest and curiosity. Finally, and unexpectedly, higher levels of interest and curiosity in mothers were associated with less sensitivity during free play. In summary, the study found meaningful associations between mothers' and fathers' romantic attachment and their PRF indicating a spill‐over of their attachment strategies into their relationship with their child. Further, the study results suggest that very high levels of interest and curiosity in mothers reflect hypermentalizing.
Long‐term effects of soil erosion on dryland crop yields in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China
Authors: Yu Ziyang , Zhang Xinlei , Liu Jiatong , Lei Guoping
Published: April 2024

The elucidation of the influence of soil erosion on crop yields is of paramount importance to ensure food security. Remote sensing data has facilitated the acquisition of long‐term spatially‐distributed information on soil erosion modulus and crop yields. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was employed to estimate the soil erosion modulus, while the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach (CASA) model has been utilized to calculate the net primary productivity (NPP). This study integrated models to assess the impact of soil erosion on dryland crop yields in the Songnen Plain from 2000 to 2020. The findings reveal that the annual average soil erosion modulus for dry cropland in black soil region (BSR) of the Songnen Plain is 4.2 (t ha−1 yr−1), which is 1.5 times greater than that of the other region (OR). The greater cropland erosion within the BSR limited the trend for increasing crop yields, whereas the impact of erosion on crop yield dynamics in the OR was not significant. The areas where dryland crop yields diminished in the Songnen Plain because of soil erosion were predominantly concentrated within the BSR. Advancements in agricultural technology have partially mitigated the adverse consequences of erosion on yields.
Leading digit bias in hemoglobin thresholds for red cell transfusion
Authors: Raza Sheharyar , Risk Malcolm , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine
Published: April 2024

Background

Leading digit bias is a heuristic whereby humans overemphasize the left‐most digit when evaluating numbers (e.g., 9.99 vs. 10.00). The bias might affect the interpretation of hemoglobin results and influence red cell transfusion in hospitalized patients.

Study Design and Methods

Adults who received a red cell transfusion while registered at the University Health Network (Toronto, Canada) between January 1, 2016 and January 1, 2022 (n = 6 years) were included. The primary analysis excluded apheresis, red cell disorders, radiology suites, and operating rooms. The primary comparison was a regression discontinuity analysis of transfusion occurrence above and below the hemoglobin threshold of 79 g/L (local units). Additional analyses tested other leading digit and control thresholds (71, 81, and 91 g/L). Secondary analyses explored temporal covariates and clinical subgroups.

Results

A total of 211,872 red cell transfusions were identified over the study period (median pre‐transfusion hemoglobin 76 g/L; interquartile range = 69–92 g/L), with 107,790 inpatient transfusions in the primary analysis. The 79 g/L threshold showed 815 fewer red cell units above the threshold (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1215 to −415). The 69 g/L threshold showed 2813 fewer transfused units (95% CI: −4407 to −1220), and 89 g/L showed 40 fewer units (95% CI: −408 to 328). The effect was accentuated during daytime, weekday, and May–June months, persisted in analyses including all transfusions, and was absent at control thresholds.

Conclusion

Leading digit bias might have a modest influence on the decision to transfuse red cells. The findings may inform practice guidelines and quasi‐experimental study design in transfusion research.
A Mode Sensitivity Enhancement Method for Beam Bridge Using High-Density Strain Feedback
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Xu Qianen , Gao Qingfei , Liu Yang
Published: April 2024

Closed-loop damage diagnosis method has attracted some attention in recent years; however, for lack of sufficient measuring points, it is difficult to achieve robust control of large structures cause the output dimension is not enough to meet the demand of system controllability and observability. On this basis, a mode sensitivity enhancement method for beam bridge using high-density strain feedback is proposed, in which high density dynamic strain measurements of the girder structure can be collected by distributed fiber sensor. Utilizing strain–displacement transformation relationship of the girder structure, the dynamic displacements can be obtained and used as output with high dimension to achieve the feedback control for eigenvalue sensitivity enhancement. To verify the proposed method, a series of numerical case studies of a beam bridge structure are performed, and it is demonstrated that the eigenvalue sensitivity can be enhanced effectively.
Brazil Nut Injections for Happier Cows
Authors: Thay Martha
Published: April 2024

Selenium (Se) is a vital nutrient for both humans and animals. However, the soil in Aotearoa is notably deficient in this essential element. While humans can often compensate for the deficiency through diverse food sources, livestock in Aotearoa faces a substantial threat to health and productivity due to Se deficiency. This deficiency can result in adverse effects such as compromised immune function, diminished fertility, and heightened susceptibility to various diseases. Despite existing supplements and injections aimed at addressing this issue, many (e.g., BaSeO4) have proven either harmful to consumers or insufficiently effective. This project seeks to explore and characterize a new Se supplementary injection that has demonstrated promising outcomes, including enhanced immune responses, improved reproductive performance, and increased growth rates.
 
Supervised by: Craig Bunt, Greg Walker
Scholarship Project Funded by: Agilis Vet Ltd
A Pilot Food Waste Audit in Aged Care Using Method InSight Technology
Authors: Hatraby Zahrah
Published: April 2024

This study aims to pilot the use of Method Insight technology, in the form of bins and smart scales, to carry out a non-manual food waste audit in an aged care facility in Ōtepoti, Dunedin. There is very little literature on food waste in the aged care sector, and existing research uses manual food waste audits. In comparison to the present study, manual food waste audits are known to be time consuming and require in-depth knowledge of measurement protocols. This study provides information on the quantities and sources of food waste, reasons for disposal, and staff perceptions of the technology used and the process followed for the food waste audit. The research hopes to inform on the implications and design of future research on food waste in the aged care facility in Aotearoa.

Supervised by: Margaret Thorsen and Sheila Skeaff, Food Waste Innovation
Reduction of amphibian roadkill by one-side barriers
Authors: Rato João , Sá-Sousa Paulo
Published: April 2024

Amphibians are the most affected vertebrates by roadkill. Often, to minimise this problem mitigation barriers are installed. While two-side barriers effectiveness is well described in the literature, one-side barriers are poorly studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of one-side barriers installed by LIFE LINES project along the EM535 road in south-east Portugal. Two types of one-side barriers (one permanent and another temporary one made from tarp) were monitored through road surveys. For each barrier, the influence of interaction between the period (before and after the barrier installation) and road sector (control-no barrier, permanent or temporary barrier installed) on the number of amphibians was evaluated. The result showed that, contrary to the temporary barrier, the permanent one-side barrier appeared to be effective. Thus, the ineffectiveness of the temporary barrier may be related to (i) the tarp material that allows some amphibians to escape, (ii) the presence of vegetation that goes over the top of the barrier, or (iii) increased fence-end effects due to its short length. Even though less effective than two-side barriers, one-side barriers could be installed when there is budget limitation in conservation projects or if land use conflicts exist. Given that our study was the first to evaluate the effectiveness of one-side barriers, we discuss the potential constrains that may have affected our results.
Mixed diets can meet nutrient requirements with lower carbon footprints
Authors: Long Yin , Huang Liqiao , Su Jie , Yoshida Yoshikuni , Feng Kuishuang , Gasparatos Alexandros
Published: April 2024

Achieving sustainable dietary change is essential for safeguarding human and environmental health. However, dietary recommendations based on broad food groups may not accurately reflect real-world realities because individuals select and consume dishes with multiple food items influenced by diverse context-specific factors. Therefore, here we explored the sustainability trade-offs of dietary choices at the dish level through an optimization modeling approach tested in Japan. We estimated the nutritional quality, price, and carbon footprint of major Japanese dishes and examined 16 dietary scenarios to identify options that meet the nutritional requirements and minimize carbon footprint. Overall, mixed diets contain more combinations of dishes that meet nutritional requirements with lower carbon footprints compared to more restrictive dietary scenarios. We argue that the approach developed here enables a better understanding of dietary trade-offs, complements existing methods, and helps identify sustainable diets by offering nuanced information at the national and sub-national levels.
[
64
Cu]Cu-PEG-FUD peptide for noninvasive and sensitive detection of murine pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Bernau Ksenija , Harr Thomas J. , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Kessler Grace A. , Stott Kristen , Oler Angie Tebon , Rahar Babita , Zhu Terry , Medina-Guevara Yadira , Gupta Nikesh , Cho Inyoung , Gari Metti K. , Burkel Brian M. , Jeffery Justin J. , Weichmann Ashley M. , Tomasini-Johansson Bianca R. , Ponik Suzanne M. , Engle Jonathan W. , Hernandez Reinier , Kwon Glen S. , Sandbo Nathan
Published: April 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease resulting in irreversible scarring within the lungs. However, the lack of biomarkers that enable real-time assessment of disease activity remains a challenge in providing efficient clinical decision-making and optimal patient care in IPF. Fibronectin (FN) is highly expressed in fibroblastic foci of the IPF lung where active extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition occurs. Functional upstream domain (FUD) tightly binds the N-terminal 70-kilodalton domain of FN that is crucial for FN assembly. In this study, we first demonstrate the capacity of PEGylated FUD (PEG-FUD) to target FN deposition in human IPF tissue ex vivo. We subsequently radiolabeled PEG-FUD with
64
Cu and monitored its spatiotemporal biodistribution via μPET/CT imaging in mice using the bleomycin-induced model of pulmonary injury and fibrosis. We demonstrated [
64
Cu]Cu-PEG-FUD uptake 3 and 11 days following bleomycin treatment, suggesting that radiolabeled PEG-FUD holds promise as an imaging probe in aiding the assessment of fibrotic lung disease activity.
Transient severe haemodynamic disturbance during radical nephrectomy: a probable catecholamine surge
Authors: Ramalingam Sripriya , Srinivasan Parthasarathy
Published: April 2024

Catecholamine surge and haemodynamic derangements are normally expected during the surgery for pheochromocytoma and benign functioning adrenal tumours. This male patient in his 50s underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The patient had no comorbidities. Three hours into the surgery, during electrocauterisation of the upper pole of the kidney, the patient’s blood pressure unexpectedly spiked to 180/110 mm Hg, which was immediately followed by a decrease in heart rate to 35–38 beats/min. The surgeons were instructed to briefly halt the surgical manipulation. The blood pressure returned to the pre-surge level within 30–45 s. The surgery was completed without further complications, and the patient had an uneventful recovery. The episode is suggestive of the probability that the electrocauterisation of the upper pole of the kidney led to the accidental cauterisation of the adrenal gland, resulting in a transient catecholamine surge, increase in blood pressure and reflex bradycardia suggesting norepinephrine release. Treating bradycardia with atropine in such situations can exacerbate the effects of catecholamines and lead to dangerous tachyarrhythmias. The case report highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring during electrocauterisation of the upper pole of the kidney, invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring in detecting and recording such occurrences and cautiously selecting a treatment plan.
Armed conflicts and experience of intimate partner violence among women in Afghanistan: analysis of the 2015 Afghanistan DHS data
Authors: Khatir Abdul Ghani , Ge Tingshuai , Ariyo Tolulope , Jiang Quanbao
Published: April 2024

Objective

Armed conflicts and intimate partner violence (IPV) impose a burden on individual and societal well-being. Given the history of armed conflict in Afghanistan and the high prevalence of IPV, this study aims to examine the influence of armed conflicts on IPV among Afghan women.

Methods

Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (N=10 414 women aged 15–49). Armed conflict severity was measured using the conflict index issued by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, IPV was measured by three types of violence, including emotional, physical and sexual violence. All analyses were conducted by using STATA V.15.1.

Results

Over 52% of women experienced at least one type of IPV, with 33.01%, 49.07%, and 8.99% experiencing emotional, physical, and sexual violence, respectively. The regression results show that armed conflicts were significantly and positively associated with the experience of all types of IPV. In addition, the association between armed conflicts and the experience of emotional IPV was positively moderated by women’s attitudes towards IPV.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that women living in high-conflict regions were more prone to experience IPV, particularly women with positive attitudes towards IPV. Promoting progressive gender roles, women’s empowerment, awareness of IPV and inclusion of women in conflict resolution will help deal with the issue of IPV.
Predictions for neutrinos and new physics from forward heavy hadron production at the LHC
Authors: Buonocore Luca , Kling Felix , Rottoli Luca , Sominka Jonas
Published: April 2024

Scenarios with new physics particles feebly interacting with the Standard Model sector provide compelling candidates for dark matter searches. Geared with a set of new experiments for the detection of neutrinos and long-lived particles the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has joined the hunt for these elusive states. On the theoretical side, this emerging physics program requires reliable estimates of the associated particle fluxes, in particular those arising from heavy hadron decays. In this work, we provide state-of-the-art QCD predictions for heavy hadron production including radiative corrections at next-to-leading order and using parton distribution functions including small-x resummation at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We match our predictions to parton showers to provide a realistic description of hadronisation effects. We demonstrate the utility of our predictions by presenting the energy spectrum of neutrinos from charm hadron decays. Furthermore, we employ our predictions to estimate, for the first time, FASER’s sensitivity to electrophilic ALPs, which are predominantly generated in beauty hadron decays.
A Survey of Source Code Search: A 3-Dimensional Perspective
Authors: Sun Weisong , Fang Chunrong , Ge Yifei , Hu Yuling , Chen Yuchen , Zhang Quanjun , Ge Xiuting , Liu Yang , Chen Zhenyu
Published: April 2024

(Source) code search is widely concerned by software engineering researchers because it can improve the productivity and quality of software development. Given a functionality requirement usually described in a natural language sentence, a code search system can retrieve code snippets that satisfy the requirement from a large-scale code corpus, e.g., GitHub. To realize effective and efficient code search, many techniques have been proposed successively. These techniques improve code search performance mainly by optimizing three core components, including query understanding component, code understanding component, and query-code matching component. In this article, we provide a 3-dimensional perspective survey for code search. Specifically, we categorize existing code search studies into query-end optimization techniques, code-end optimization techniques, and match-end optimization techniques according to the specific components they optimize. These optimization techniques are proposed to enhance the performance of specific components, and thus the overall performance of code search. Considering that each end can be optimized independently and contributes to the code search performance, we treat each end as a dimension. Therefore, this survey is 3-dimensional in nature, and it provides a comprehensive summary of each dimension in detail. To understand the research trends of the three dimensions in existing code search studies, we systematically review 68 relevant literatures. Different from existing code search surveys that only focus on the query end or code end or introduce various aspects shallowly (including codebase, evaluation metrics, modeling technique, etc.), our survey provides a more nuanced analysis and review of the evolution and development of the underlying techniques used in the three ends. Based on a systematic review and summary of existing work, we outline several open challenges and opportunities at the three ends that remain to be addressed in future work.
3VR: Vice Versa Virtual Reality Algorithm to Track and Map User Experience
Authors: Vasic Iva , Quattrini Ramona , Pierdicca Roberto , Mancini Adriano , Vasic Bata
Published: April 2024

The understanding of how users interact with the virtual cultural heritage could provide digital curators valuable insights into user behaviors and also improve the overall user experience through the ability to observe and record interactions of virtual visitors. This article introduces the new User Behavior (UB) tracking algorithm that we developed investigating a salience of the Virtual Reality (VR) panoramic regions. The algorithm extracts the importance of Region of Interest (ROI) determining patterns of the visitors’ virtual movement and interest in combination with statistics of captured browser activity. The input of our algorithm is the virtual online interactive platform (Virtual Museum of the Civic Art Gallery of Ascoli Piceno in Italy) with 81 16,386 × 8,192 pixels panoramic images and several interactive features including maps, thumbnails, and menus. The software engine of the tracking model “Vice Versa” VR operates on inverse functions of all descriptive functions (descriptors), which are assigned particularly to each interactive feature such as viewing multimedia content and observing the panoramic environment. The tracking experiment was performed online and the web virtual museum key study collected behavior information from 171 visitors around the world. Collected data, multimedia and textual content, and the coordinates of the ROIs are then subjected to standard statistics operations to define common patterns of UBs. Thus, we have discovered that the ROIs are mostly mapped onto the artworks and it is possible to obtain patterns about the main interests of users. The developed tool offers a guideline for the panoramic tours design and the potential benefits for museums are to understand the public, verify the effectiveness of choices, and re-shape a cultural offer based on visitors’ needs. Exploiting this kind of user experience, our algorithm ensures relevant feedback during virtual visits and thus paves the way for further development of the recommender system.
Heterogeneous Adaptive Preference Learning for Recommendation
Authors: Sang Lei , Fei Weichen , Zhang Yi , Huang Yuee , Zhang Yiwen
Published: April 2024

Graph-based collaborative filtering techniques have emerged as a promising recommendation approach by modeling user-item interaction as graphs. Recently, contrastive learning has been employed in graph collaborative through data augmentation, which can effectively offer data efficiency and reduce labeling costs. Nonetheless, most existing contrastive learning approaches overlook the heterogeneous auxiliary information pertaining to users and items, such as user social relationships and item categories, which are crucial to alleviate the data sparsity issue. In this paper, we propose a novel contrastive learning method, referred to as Heterogeneous Adaptive Preference Learning for Recommendation (HAPLRec), which explicitly incorporates fine-grained preference information from both users and items. Specifically, we construct user relationship graphs and item relationship graphs based on specific meta-paths in a heterogeneous graph. Subsequently, we conduct data augmentation on these graphs individually to obtain auxiliary contrastive tasks. Moreover, we introduce an optimization algorithm that leverages the gradient similarity between the main task and the auxiliary tasks, dynamically adjusting the weight assigned to each task to expedite achieving superior performance within a shorter time frame. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through extensive experiments conducted on three publicly available datasets.
Automated Sparse and Low-Rank Shallow Autoencoders for Recommendation
Authors: Pu Yuanhao , Fan Rui , Chen Jin , Zhu Zhihao , Lian Defu , Chen Enhong
Published: April 2024

Collaborative filtering (CF) works have demonstrated the robust capabilities of Shallow Autoencoders on implicit feedback, showcasing highly competitive performance with other reasonable approaches (e.g., iALS and VAE-CF). However, despite their dual advantages of high performance and simple construction, EASE still exhibits several major shortcomings that must be addressed. To be more precise, the scalability of EASE is limited by the number of items, which determines the storage and inversion cost of a large dense matrix; the square-loss optimization objective does not consistently meet the recommendation task’s requirement for predicting personalized rankings, resulting in sub-optimal outcomes; the regularization coefficients are sensitive and require re-calibration with different datasets, leading to an exhaustive and time-consuming fine-tuning process. In order to address these obstacles, we propose a novel approach called Similarity-Structure Aware Shallow Autoencoder (AutoS
2
AE) that aims to enhance both recommendation accuracy and model efficiency. Our method introduces three similarity structures: Co-Occurrence, KNN, and NSW graphs, which replace the large dense matrix in EASE with a sparse structure, thus facilitating model compression. Additionally, we optimize the model by incorporating a low-rank training component into the matrix and applying a weighted square loss for improved ranking-oriented approximations. To automatically tune the hyperparameters, we further design two validation losses on the validation set for guidance and update the hyperparameters using the gradients of these validation losses. Both theoretical analyses regarding the introduction of similarity structures and empirical evaluations on multiple real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, which significantly outperforms competing baselines.
Evaluation of Yield and Physicochemical Quality of Pentadesma butyracea Butter Obtained by Different Traditional Extraction Methods in Ghana
Authors: Timtey Josephine Akuba , Alemawor Francis , Ellis William Otoo , Agbenorhevi Jacob K. , Pepra-Ameyaw Nana Baah
Published: April 2024

Pentadesma butyracea seed butter or fat (PBSB) is a vegetable fat extracted from the seeds of the P. butyracea plant. The butter has potential use in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The study investigated traditional PBSB processing methods in Ghana and evaluated their effects on yield, physicochemical parameters, and fatty acid composition. Four traditional extraction methods were identified and evaluated, and these methods are direct wet extraction of PBSB from a fresh mixture of the seed paste and water (DEW); wet extraction of PBSB from a 12-hour fermented mixture of the seed paste and water (FWO); direct wet extraction of PBSB from a fresh mixture of the seed paste, salt, and water (DES); and wet extraction of PBSB from a 12-hour fermented mixture of the seed paste, salt, and water (FSO). Results of physicochemical properties of the PBSB samples showed moisture content of 0.06-0.07%, free fatty acid of 1.38-2.43%, iodine value of 56.50-56.85 Wijs, peroxide value of 5.58-8.52 mEq/kg, relative density of 0.91, refractive index of 1.462-1.464, percent impurities of 0.015-0.017%, saponification value of 165.57-178.02 mg KOH/g, and percent unsaponifiable matter of 2.60-3.18%. The PBSB yield varied in the range of 21.68-26.97%, with the highest average butter yield observed for FWO. Seventeen fatty acids were characterized in the PBSB samples, and they included ten saturated fatty acids, five monounsaturated fatty acids, and two polyunsaturated fatty acids. Key fatty acids found in the PBSB samples were oleic acid (51.21-51.31%), stearic acid (43.22-43.33%), palmitic acid (2.91-3.07%), linoleic acid (0.49-0.51%), linolenic acid (0.12-0.20%), and arachidic acid (0.14-0.15%). PBSB samples produced by the various traditional extraction methods in Ghana recorded similar physicochemical characteristics as unrefined shea butter per the Regional Standard for Unrefined Shea Butter (CXS 325R-2017) as well as Cook Brand Margarine, a common commercial baking fat, and thus, their potential food application such as an alternative shortening/ingredient could be explored in a future study.
Efficacy and Safety of Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Balloon Compression under Local Anesthesia for Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Prospective Study
Authors: Xi Lulu , Liu Xiaohui , Shi Hongchen , Han Wenbiao , Gao Liqin , Wang Li , Liu Junpeng , Ren Yue , Du Yuanyuan , Liu Guangzhao
Published: April 2024

Purpose. There are several ways to treat trigeminal neuralgia (TN); however, TN may recur after treatment. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) under local anesthesia for treatment of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia. Patients and Methods. This is a prospective and nonrandomized controlled clinical study. Forty-eight patients with classical TN were scheduled to undergo PBC surgery at the pain department of our institution between January 2021 and June 2021. The patients were prospectively divided into an initial onset group, A (21 cases), and a recurrence group, B (27 cases). All surgeries were performed with CT guidance and under local anesthesia. Postoperative complications were also observed. Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scale. Efficacy indices were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery. Results. All participants reported complete pain relief at discharge. After 18 months of follow-up, the total effective rate of pain control was 89.5% (group A, 90.5%; group B, 88.8%). There was no significant difference in the BNI scores between the two groups before and after treatment. All patients had hypoesthesia on the affected side, and no severe complications such as diplopia, blindness, intracranial hemorrhage, or intracranial infection occurred. Conclusions. CT-guided PBC under local anesthesia is safe and effective for the treatment of recurrent TN and thus acts as an effective alternative for geriatric patients and those with high-risk factors.
Surgery for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Transient Tremors as Newly Reported Side Effect; First Psychiatric Neurosurgery in Egypt
Authors: Hamdi Hussein , Aref Hend Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction: The use of surgery for treatment of psychiatric conditions is a well-established strategy, especially in severe and resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. Attractive anatomical and functional targets for stereotactic surgery are reported in some studies. Surgery for treatment of psychiatric conditions in our nation and Arab world is obscured and hidden because of several social and cultural limitations which should be overcome. We report here the first psychiatric neurosurgery in our nation and how we overcome such community limitation. This the first report of postoperative tremor.

Case Presentation: Young patient presented with severe and persistent obsessive-compulsive disorder resistant to all non-surgical modalities for several years. Stereotactic ablation surgery was done under local anaesthesia. Marked improvement in our obsessive-compulsive disorder patient after psychiatric neurosurgery with self-limited tremor which was not reported before in the literature. The medications were the same before and immediate after surgery and this is not a drug-induced tremor. Postoperative YBOCS showed 90% of improvement.

Conclusion: Surgery-induced tremor could be a self-limited side effect after surgery in obsessive compulsive disorder. Safety and efficacy should be promoted in our nation and Arab world. Society and cultural limitations should be overcome by further research studies, intervention, and activism in the field of mental health systems in our nation and Arab countries to improve awareness.
Extract of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L. ‘Sembada Hitam’) Bran Protect Cytotoxicity of Hydrogen Peroxide on Vero Cells in a Short Time Incubation
Authors:   Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281, Indonesia, Aprilianti Suci Hari , Purwestri Yekti Asih ,   Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281, Indonesia, Saragih Hendry T.S.S.G ,   Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281, Indonesia, Nuriliani Ardaning ,   Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can lead to cellular damage, contributing to degenerative diseases and aging. Black rice bran is a functional food known for its antioxidant properties, which are crucial in reducing the adverse effects of oxidative stress and maintaining redox balance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of the extract of black rice bran (EBRB) 'Sembada Hitam' on Vero cells against H2O2 toxicity. To evaluate the protective effect, a co-culture method was employed, and cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Additionally, cell growth was examined through trypan blue staining. Vero cells were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 and EBRB for a 24-hour period. The results demonstrated that EBRB at concentrations of 15.625, 250, and 500 μg/mL exhibited a protective effect on Vero cells exposed to H2O2 at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μM, respectively. Notably, when Vero cells were treated with EBRB at concentrations of 250 or 500 μg/mL for five days in conjunction with H2O2 exposure at concentrations of 200 or 400 μM for 24 hours, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed on day 3. Based on the collective findings, it can be concluded that EBRB has the potential to protect Vero cells against H2O2 -induced toxicity, but primarily during a short-term incubation period. Overall, this study highlights the protective properties of EBRB against H2O2-induced cellular damage and emphasizes the importance of further investigations to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential long-term effects of EBRB on cell viability.
The Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 in Javanese Indonesian Population
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy ,Universitas Kristen Immanuel, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Atmaja Sarah , Rawar Ellsya Angeline ,   Faculty of Pharmacy ,Universitas Kristen Immanuel, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Kristiyani Ani ,   Faculty of Pharmacy ,Universitas Kristen Immanuel, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapy Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Sadewa Ahmad Hamim ,   Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta , Indonesia, Patramurti Christine ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

Polymorphisms of CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 affect the pharmacokinetic profile of various drugs, e.g., fentanyl, tacrolimus, diltiazem, simvastatin. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain (ARMS-PCR) is a simple and economical method for SNP determination. The polymorphisms in the CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 genes have not yet been examined using this method in Javanese Indonesian. Our aim was to determine the frequency of polymorphisms in the CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 genes in Indonesian Javanese using the ARMS-PCR method. Eighty-six patients at the Kalasan Community Health Centre in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were chosen based on the inclusion criteria, which is Javanese ancestry. They gave their informed consent to blood collection by completing a form. Genetic variants were detected using Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain (ARMS-PCR). The chi-square test was used to determine genotype deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with a significant threshold of 0.05. For homozygous wild types, CYP3A4 *1/*1 dominated overall among study participants (73.35%), whereas for CYP3A5*3/*3, homozygous mutants were more prevalent (83.72%). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is consistent with genotype frequencies (p > 0.005). One participant carried a homozygous mutation for both CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3, while the other 49 subjects were heterozygous for CYP3A4*1G and homozygous mutant for CYP3A5*3, which is the highest number of SNP combinations. The findings of the current investigation demonstrate that the population has the highest proportion of homozygous CYP3A4*1G wild-types (CYP3A4*1/*1) and homozygous mutants for CYP3A5*3 (CYP3A5*3/*3)
Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetics Analysis of Phytochemicals from Piper caninum as Dengue NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitors
Authors:   Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Malaysia, Mustafa Nur Farhana , Cheng Kian-Kai ,   Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Malaysia, Razali Siti Aisyah ,   Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia, Nadri Muhammad Helmi ,   Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Dengue fever affects 390 million people each year. Currently, there is no specific medicine to treat this disease. Thus, the search for potential NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors has attracted increasing research interest. The dengue protease NS2B-NS3 was used as a molecular target because of its vital function in viral replication. Piper caninum belongs to the Piperaceae family, found inhabited in Malaysia and Indonesia. This plant possesses various phytochemicals with various health benefits. However, the anti-dengue activity of this plant is yet to be discovered. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the inhibitory activity of phytochemicals from P. caninum against NS2B-NS3 using in silico experimentation. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina was utilized to identify the binding interaction of phytochemicals on NS2B-NS3. SwissADME and ProTox-II web servers were used to analyse the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) of the phytochemicals. Results showed that cepharadione A, bornyl caffeate, and (+)-bornyl p-coumarate had comparable molecular interaction with the reference compound, curcumin. Analysis of in silico pharmacokinetics properties revealed that these phytochemicals have good pharmacokinetics profiles and excellent drug-ability, which obeyed Lipinski’s Rule of Five. This study shows the potential inhibitory activity of the phytochemicals against NS2B-NS3 for a lead in the development of dengue inhibitors
Teatro, texto, versão ou versões anteriores: um primeiro encontro entre a crítica genética e o espetáculo teatral
Authors: Camargo Robson Correa
Published: April 2024

O autor é diretor e crítico teatral. Neste artigo, procuramos discutir alguns dos procedimentos da crítica genética e as possíveis formas de utilização na análise do espetáculo teatral, tendo como foco a representação.
Semiótica dos Rascunhos – Sintaxe das Rasuras
Authors: Bauer Anna Luiza C. Camargo A. , César Maria Cecília de Salles Freire
Published: April 2024

This article deals with the work "Encadeamentos", that has been stimulated by music and absorbed by verbal language, while becoming a poetic text. The drafts have been analysed by semiotics and syntax theories, to find out how two languages — musical and verbal — get harmonized with each other.
Reflexões Sobre a Relação do Geneticista com o Manuscrito
Authors: Salles Cecilia Almeida
Published: April 2024

This article is concerned with the implications of the concept of mediation in the relationship between the researcher who deals with manuscripts and his object of study. An attempt to think about the different theoretical approaches given to the manuscripts and the consequences of such choices. This general discussion is illustrated by the analysis of the literary manuscripts taking Peircean semiotics as the point of departure.
Nos bastidores da criação literária
Authors: Brandão Roberto de Oliveira
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho resenha alguns dos problemas enfrentados na última reedição do romance inacabado de Eça de Queirós, A Capital/, agora em forma de edição crítica (Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional/Casa da Moeda, 1992). Realizada por Luiz Fagundes Duarte, especialista na obra do escritor português, essa edição não só repõe a autenticidade de um texto que vinha sendo difundido com muitas imperfeições, mas deixa também transparecer como, no caso em foco, há estreitas relações entre os aspectos literários e os editoriais.
Dialógo na crítica genética
Authors: Salles Cecilia Almeida
Published: April 2024

Sem resumo.
Apresentação de uma obra inacabada
Authors: Lima Sonia Maria van Dijck
Published: April 2024

O artigo apresenta uma descoberta feita no arquivo cle Hermiío Borba Filho: documentos relativos ã composição de O boticário magistral que não foi acabada. Lidar com documentos de uma obra inacabada permi­tiu que pudessem ser reconstituídos alguns procedimentos criativos do autor; com a segurança transmitida por anotações ainda em estado mui­to inicial de organização.
De l’importance en science des archives de la création: quelques pistes
Authors: Guyon Etienne
Published: April 2024

O estudo de arquivos de criação, concernentes às ciências exatas, não conhece um desenvolvimento comparável ao dos textos literários. Atual­mente no entanto, ã necessidade é urgente e por diversas razões (cultu­rais, políticas, cognitivas) que queremos apresentar rapidamente.
Leitura genética do poema "Se tivesse madeira e ilusões" de Hilda Hilst
Authors: Grando Cristiane
Published: April 2024

Neste artigo serão apresentadas três versões - uma autografa, uma datilografada e uma impressa — do poema “Se tivesse madeira e ilusões”, publicado na obra poética Amavisse, de Hilda Hilst. As três versões serão designadas como 12} e 3° texto, respectivamente. Em seguida, será rea­lizada uma análise genética. Para compreender o processo criativo do poema eni; questão, serão analisadas e comparadas as três versões. Por fim, será apresentada uma análise do tom dominante do poema - o tom de desejo- estabelecendo associações entre palavras do universo hilstiano que freqüentam um mesmo campo semântico.
História inventada: relações entre (im)previsível e rasura
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Calil de
Published: April 2024

Este artigo pretende iniciar uma reflexão sobre a homonímia como efeito do processo de criação, a partir da articulação teórico-metodológica entre três conceitos (ou seria apenas um, mas nomeado de diferentes formas?), a saber, a noção de "estabilidade/instabilidade" presente nos trabalhos de Willemart (1996), a de "previsibilidade/imprevisibilidade" conforme apresenta Lemos (1996, 1997) e a noção de "equívoco" em Pechêux (1983). Essas três nomeações parecem supor como ponto comum a existência da "lalíngua" incidindo em todo processo discursivo e afetando o sujeito na relação com o texto e criação de histórias. Esse seria o ponto de partida para abrir-uma interlocução com os pesquisadores dos manuscritos literários que têm, objetos de estudos e procedimentos metodológicos diferentes do meu (relação sujeito/texto na aquisição de linguagem escrita), porém com aproximações teóricas que um olhar mais atento poderia surpreender.
Grupo de pesquisa "arquivos literários" e os estudos genéticos na Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil
Authors: Dijck Sonia Van
Published: April 2024

Informam-se as atividades do grupo de pesquisa "Arquivos literários", da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (João Pessoa/ PB/Brasil), que tem, entre seus objetivos, a organização e a conservação de acervos literários, assim como a preparação de futuros pesquisadores. O grupo estuda manuscritos de autores brasileiros (José Lins do Rego, Hermilo Borba Filho, Clarice Lispector, João Guimarães Rosa), à luz da crítica genética, investigando a construção de algumas categorias da narrativa. Propõe-se um debate sobre a organização de uma edição genética.
Uma experiência transdisciplinar
Authors: Salles Cecília Almeida
Published: April 2024

O artigo apresenta um relato das atividades do Centro de Estudos de Crítica Genética da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. É dada ênfase a dois momentos decisivos do Centro: ampliação dos limites da crítica genética para além da literatura e busca por instrumentos teóricos de natureza geral.
O processo de construção do texto e a estética do movimento criador na obra do memorialista Pedro Nava
Authors: Panichi Edina Regina Pugas
Published: April 2024

A presente comunicação tem por objetivo levantar componentes da escritura em Pedro Nava, analisar e interpretar as relações que guardam entre si, colocando em evidência os fatos estilísticos suscitados pelas intervenções do autor.