bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, October-December, 1966
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from October 1 to December 31, 1966.
List of certified electrical apparatus, certified fire-resistant conveyor belting and certified diesel engines for coal mine use
Authors: Brown G K
Published: July 2017

The principal information presented in this circular is a complete list of the electrical apparatus which has been certified by the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources as being suitable for use in coal mines. In addition to the electrical apparatus there is
a list of conveyor belting which has been certified fire-resistant by the Department, as well as details of diesel engines certified for use in an underground locomotive. The period covered is from the opening of the certification service, in September 1955, until April 10, 1968. This report is the
third of a series of lists of certified apparatus which will be issued from time to time. The scope and background of the certification service are covered briefly in the preface, and references are given for those interested in obtaining more detailed information.
Bibliograph on rock bolting methods in mining practice. Part 1: Abstracts from world literature to end of 1957
Authors: Paterson M R C
Published: July 2017

Issued as Part I of a proposed series, the bibliography which comprises this information circular represents a serious attempt to assemble all the published information of the theory and practice of rock bolting to the end of 1957. It was completed as a two-year
project in library research in London, England, in 1958. Part II, now in preparation, will cover the decade 1958-1967. In this bibliography, some 280 references (each with a brief abstract) are grouped according to subject matter under main headings of Theory, Testing Equipment, Specifications and
Standards, Drilling and Dust Control, Safety Precautions, Practice (General), and Practice (Regional--by countries). Chronology is from late to earlier. Three appendices list Conferences, Suppliers of Equipment, and Sources of Information. Indexes are included of Authors, of Companies and Other
Public Bodies, and of Subjects.
Consommation et utilisation individuelles dénergie au Canada, aux États-Unis d'Amérique, en Grande-Bretagne, en France, en Allemagne et en Suède, 1950-196
Authors: Charbonnier R P
Published: July 2017

Eleven graphs present, for Canada and five other comparable countries, the trends of their per-capita consumption of total energy, hydro-electricity, and separately: liquid, solid and gas fuels, and of their per-capita energy utilization (usable consumption based
on estimated conversion efficiencies).
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, January-March, 1970
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from January 1 to march 31, 1970.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, July-September, 1970
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from July 1 to September 30, 1970.
Ground support with sprayed concrete in Canadian underground mines
Authors: Verity T W , Eng P
Published: July 2017

A new type of sprayed concrete using coarse-grained aggregates and cement, with special additives to accelerate the hardening of the concrete, has been developed in Europe. Known as "shotcrete", it has found increasing application as a means of ground support for
underground excavations in Europe and North America. Its use in Canadian underground mines has been largely experimental. It was found that it could be used as a substitute for more conventional methods of ground support under normal underground ground conditions but that under adverse situations,
such as talc schist and very wet conditions, it was not possible to apply it successfully. Use of shotcrete as a means of ground support in underground mines is expected to increase. New research in the use of sprayed cement with plastic types of additives is underway that may further increase the
scope of its applications. Sprayed concrete associated with wire mesh or expanded metal is already finding wider application in underground excavations.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, October - December, 1970
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from October 1 to December 31, 1970.
Only people pollute
Authors: Mitchell E R
Published: July 2017

When we grow up in an urban environment and choose to become a part of a way of life, it is sometimes difficult to appreciate the cost of this decision in terms of pollution. Explained in this article is our dependence on technology and the amount of pollution
that technology produces. Inventories of air pollution on both a personal and a national basis are given so that the reader may judge the magnitude of the problem. In doing so it is hoped that the reader will understand the need for a responsible attitude toward pollution by everyone and how he can
make a personal contribution.
Maturity concept and the estimation of concrete strength - a review
Authors: Malhotra V M
Published: July 2017

The determination of strength of concrete without physically testing a specimen has been the subject of research for the past several decades. It has been suggested by several researchers that strength of concrete can be expressed in terms of the maturity,
commonly defined as the product of time and temperature above -10°C (14°F). Others have used the maturity concept to estimate strength of concrete at various ages. This paper critically reviews the literature published on the subject since 1904 and presents results of limited
investigations carried out at the Mines Branch to estimate the compressive strength of concrete at low maturities, usually associated with accelerated strength tests. The paper is concluded with a summary of the literature reviewed and a list of pertinent references.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, October-December, 1971
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from October 1 to December 31, 1971.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, October-December, 1972
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from October 1 to December 31, 1972. This is the final issue of this quarterly series of Information Circulars. In future,
the information will be provided by Professor C. B. Alcock, Department of Metallurgy, University of Toronto.
Vegetation of vine waste embankments in Canada
Authors: Murray D R
Published: July 2017

The main conclusions of this report are that revegetation of most mine wastes requires a well-planned program and that technology is available. The physical and chemical properties of some wastes are such that research is required to determine satisfactory
revegetation procedures. Canada is similar in many ways to other countries with respect to the physical texture and variety of its mining wastes and the associated problems of erosion and surface instability. Straw mulching, chemical binders, and wind breaks, as applied elsewhere with some success
to control erosion, are used to some extent in Canada. Chemical properties of a waste depend a great deal on the geology and treatment of the ore. This is not unique to Canadian mines but the influence of environment makes it a significant problem. Climate influences the weathering of wastes to
soils that are highly regional. Usually the revegetation program that suits one mine waste will not suit another even though the same ore is being mined. Plant choice is very specific to Canadian wastes, and establishment of plants involves fertilization, seeding, and cultivation procedures. In any
specific case, any one of a large number of factors relating to the development of either a program or, a reclamation sequence may be critical and these are discussed. If either a physical or chemical property is extreme, e.g. high acidity in sulphide tailings, research must be directed to finding a
solution. Every case is different and must be approached systematically.
Theory and practice in solvent extraction studies
Authors: Ashbrook A W
Published: July 2017

The theory of the extraction and separation of metals by the technique of solvent extraction is discussed, followed by its application to practical or industrial metal extraction processes.
Plume dispersion in a mountainous River Valley during spring
Authors: Whaley H , Lee G K
Published: July 2017

The dispersion of hot plumes emitted from a smelter complex located in the Columbia River Valley, British Columbia was evaluated under stable and neutral conditions during two mornings in spring. Spatial measurements of SO2 and temperature within the plume were
obtained by immersion probing using fast response helicopter and automobile mounted instrumentation. In addition, meteorological measurements of vertical wind and temperature profiles at, and downwind from, the smelter were obtained from minisonde balloon releases. With weak down-valley winds, it
was found that the plume axis elevations were generally lower during both stable and neutral conditions than would be predicted by Briggs plume-rise formulae. In contrast, plume dispersion, although confined in the horizontal by the steep valley walls during both stability regimes, was significantly
enhanced by exceptionally good lateral mixing, particularly close to the source.
Microscopic studies for the structure of coke formed during thermal hydrocracking of Athabasca bitumen
Authors: Nandi B N
Published: July 2017

The formation of two structurally different cokes during thermal hydrocracking of Athabasca bitumen was attributed to differences in coking properties of the asphaltenes and the deasphalted heavy oils. The grain-mosaic coke structure formed from the asphaltenes
may be ascribed to the presence of cross-linkage groups derived from the phenolic character of this fraction of the bitumen. The carbonization of the deasphalted heavy oils of the bitumen resulted in a flow-type coke structure, possibly indicating the absence of extensive cross-linkage in the
product.
A catalytic pitch gasification process
Authors: Schuit G C A
Published: July 2017

The question has been raised whether it would be of advantage to apply catalysts in the gasification of Athabasca pitch derived from thermal hydrocracking of Athabasca tar. More in particular it was asked which type of catalyst would be optimal in this
connection. The problem was attacked from the knowledge that catalytic oxidation reactions commonly operate as follows: a) the oxidic catalyst reacts with the feed by using part of the oxygen from its structure thereby becoming reduced b) it becomes oxidized again by interaction with 0 2 or 11 2 0
Since both reactions should be as fast as possible neither of the two should be strongly endothermic. This was the basis of the method applied, the problem being narrowed down by demanding that the reoxidation should be . performed by H 2 O. This introduces restraints posed by thermochemistry. In
general, this restraint can be formulated as AHo f (Me p 0 q+1 ) H° (MNe -50 to -65 ' 0 ) is kcal Mol -1 P q when the heat of formation relate to the ozidized and the reduced form of the catalyst (Me = metal) Pairs of compounds in this range are Mo0 3 Md0 feasible for the gasification reaction.
One of these (V) is present in the feed.
Improved electrostatic precipitator performance by use of fly-ash conditioning agents
Authors: Brown T D , Lee G K
Published: July 2017

Pilot-scale (75 kg/hr) combustion trials using a pulverised western Canadian bituminous coal of low sulphur content have shown that the fly-ash resistivity can be significantly modified by adding SO 3 , H2 SO4 , NH2 S020H and NH 3 to flue-gases as fly-ash
conditioning agents. The measured fly-ash resistivity(11) when using these conditioning agents was found to decrease exponentially, from its original lçvel (R0 ) to a limiting value (RSat) as the concentration of the conditioning _agents was increased: Log (R) - Log (Rsat) = e -k(c) Log (Ro)-
Log (Rsat) For each conditioning agent k is a constant and (c) is the gas-phase concentration of the conditioning agent. The dissociation products (SO 3 and NH 3 ) of NH2SO2OH act independently and cumulatively in their effect on the resistivity of the fly-ash from Luscar coal. The resistivity
reductions produced by SO 3' H 2 SO 4 and NH2 SO2OH were accompanied by increases in precipitator efficiency from the base level of 85%. Maximum efficiencies were recorded at additive concentrations in the range 10-15 ppm S0 3 : Emax( SO3) = 99% at 13 ppm SO 3 Emax(H2 SO4 ) = 98% at 10
ppm SO3 Emax( NH2S020H)= 95% at 10 ppm SO 3 Ammonia was not found to be an effective conditioning agent with this coal: Emax(NH3) = 90% at 45 ppm NH3
The behaviour of buoyant plumes from an oil-sands refinery complex
Authors: Whaley H , Lee G K
Published: July 2017

A plume dispersion research program using an instrumented helicopter was conducted at an oil-sands refinery complex in northern Alberta during the fall and winter. Atmospheric conditions ranged from stable to neutral in both seasons with an elevated inversion
being present throughout the winter study period. Spatial SO2 concentration and temperature profile measurements were used to derive dispersion parameters by numerical analysis. The derived dispersion parameters have shown that presently accepted empirical formulae for predicting plume behaviour and
plume impingement patterns on the ground cannot be applied with confidence in this region.
Chemistry of iron sulphatecoal catalysts employed in the hydrocracking of bitumen
Authors: Patmore D J , Pruden B B
Published: July 2017

A discussion of the chemistry of iron under the conditions prevailing during the hydrocracking of bitumen and heavy oils is presented. From an examination of the literature and an analysis of reaction equilibria, it is concluded that Fe1-x S (x = 0.07-0.1) is the
stable phase, possibly mixed with vanadium and nickel sulphides derived from the bitumen. A summary of the reported use of iron containing catalysts in hydrocracking processes is given, and the role of mineral matter in the prevention of reactor fouling is briefly discussed.
Instrumental anticipation of defluidization of heated beds of caking coals
Authors: Whalley B J P , Lau I
Published: July 2017

In batch fluidized beds of caking coals, differential thermocouple (DT) probes are shown to detect initial defluidization appreciably sooner than pressure probes and with more definite response. Different factors affecting the initial temperature of
defluidization and the time between initial and total defluidization are discussed. Fluidized beds incorporating probes would appear to have application to other materials and to characterization and control of fluidized bed operation
Coal energy for Canada
Authors: Friedrich F D
Published: July 2017

The ample resources of coal in Canada have attracted increased attention in recent years as a potential energy source. This paper reviews the extent and nature of Canada's coal resources, identifies the needs of the various energy market sectors and describes the
limitations imposed by present or foreseeable technology on the application of coal in each market sector. Guidelines are suggested for energy strategy in the next few decades.
Coal-oil, mixture projects in Canada
Authors: Whaley H
Published: July 2017

In 1972, the Canadian Combustion Research Laboratory (CCRL) of the Department. of Energy, Mines and Resources conducted a limited evaluation of the combustion characteristics of a coal- No. 2 fuel oil suspension in a pilot-scale research tunnel furnace. The
results of this work were presented at an industry/government seminar in May 1972 in order to' stimulate interest in coal-oil mixture (CON) technology. At that time there was little interest in Canada in the subject and the program was subsequently discontinued. Recently there has been renewed
interest in COM's as means of substituting coal for oil which was prompted by rapidly escalating oil prices and projected .shortages. In order to encourage the use of coal in place of premium fuels, the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Coal Conversion Program had invited R and D projects
for funding which meet this objective. The program, which was initiated in l9/6 has one project involving coal-oil mixtures currently in progress in Phase li 1977-78 and three more will commence during Phase III 1978-79 which began on April 1, 1978. 4 brief description of each project is
given.
Flocculation of froth flotation tailings from a coal washery
Authors: Hamza H A
Published: July 2017

An experimental study of the settling characteristics of a washery effluent originating as tailings from a froth flotation circuit was undertaken by using a systematic approach to select the most appropriate focculant(s) under predetermined conditions. Selection
and evaluation procedures which greatly reduce the effort required to select flocculants are described. The results show that, although different flocculants display superiority at different ranges of dosage, Separan MG 700 (Dow) is the most suitable on absolute economic grounds. Flocculant
evaluation is based on a Cost Performance Index (CPI) which expresses the cost of flocculant (0/ton) required to produce a unit settling rate (in./hr). From experiments carried out with a number of flocculant aid and flocculant combinations, it was concluded that the use of flocculant aids can be
economically justified only if the settling rates required are higher than those obtainable at the optimum flocculant dosage. Otherwise, the value of the flocculant aid appears to be limited largely to the reduction of supernatant turbidity.
Development of a simulated catalyst aging technique
Authors: Kriz J F , Ternan M
Published: July 2017

A technique to simulate catalyst aging was developed whereby catalyst deactivation is accelerated by changing the operating conditions. Because of greatly accelerated aging, the technique can provide preliminary information on aging rates in a much shorter time
than is normally required for performing an actual aging test. This report documents a series of tests performed to investigate the effect of variations in space velocity and temperature. Suitable deactivation conditions were found to prevail when both the space velocity and temperature were
increased. In one particular case, this increase accelerated the aging rate about thirty times. The relationship between the aging patterns observed under simulated and actual aging conditions is discussed. An approximate quantitative link was established which provided an estimate of the catalyst
aging rate from tests performed at simulated conditions.
Flame and heat transfer characteristics of beneficiated Obed-Marsh coal in a refractory-lined tunnel furnace
Authors: Prokopuk R , Whaley H , Lee G K
Published: July 2017

An experimental combustion study to establish the flame and heat characteristics of beneficiated Obed-Marsh coal in a refractory furnace is described. The pulverized coal flames ignited and burned readily with combustion efficiencies of 99.5% or more being
achieved with swirl numbers of 0, and 1 and excess air levels corresponding to 3% and 5% 02 in the flue gas. Axial heat transfer patterns from the flames were relatively insensitive to either the degree of swirl or the excess air level. NOx emissions were low for a refractory-lined furnace
and adiabatic flame temperatures for this coal were comparable to No. 6 oil.
Raw data-on the effect of atomization variables on heat transfer from oil flames
Authors: Banks G N , Prokopuk R , Fouhse R
Published: July 2017

This report compiles the raw data obtained in Phase I of the FERA project, which was commissioned to investigate what effect the lowering of steam consumption has on the operation of a steam-atomized oil burner. Since this information was required as soon as
possible by the Combustion Sub-Committee of the Ferrous Energy Research Association, no attempt has been made to interpret the results and the data compiled in the nineteen tables was not typewritten in the original report submitted to the Sub- Committee.
Coal gasification and liquefaction
Authors: Brown T D
Published: July 2017

A review of the current status of gasification technology shows that many engineering systems are immediately available for use in the gasification of coal. Widespread international experience can be brought to bear on the atmospheric pressure gasification of all
Canadian coals. » Unless a high ash content dictates the use of a fluid bed gasifier, it appears that bituminous coals can be used in fixed bed systems and that the strongly caking coals are most suited to the high pressure entrained bed systems. Existing and developing technologies in fluid
bed gasification are attractive for reactive lignites and subbituminous coals. The Fischer-Tropsch based process is the only commercial embodiment of coal liquefaction; the use of Canadian coals in this process depends only on their gasification characteristics. Current developments in
hydroliquefaction are directed towards carboniferous coals of medium or high rank. It is not clear that cretaceous coals of the same rank will give similar process yields and economics.
A rapid method for the determination of asphaltene content in crude oils and bitumens using thin layer chromatography
Authors: Poirier M A , George A E
Published: July 2017

A rapid method for the determination of asphaltene content in bitumens and processed bitumens using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and colorimetry is presented. The method separates asphaltenes from the maltenes (oils and resins) on a TLC plate. The asphaltene
band is removed from the plate, extracted in toluene and the concentration determined by colorimetry. The method determines the weight percent of asphaltenes defined . as the portion that is insoluble in n-pentane and soluble in toluene. It is applicable to all light and heavy oils, and to petroleum
distillate residua. The procedure has been applied to Athabasca and Cold Lake bitumens, Lloydminster heavy oil and their processing products containing different amounts of asphaltenes. Asphaltene content from 0% to 100% could be determined by this method. Comparison of the results with the
standard IP procedure is presented.
Comparative study of five Canadian coals in a laboratory gasifier
Authors: Fung D P C
Published: July 2017

Results of a gasification study of five Canadian coals in a laboratory fixed-bed gasifier are reported. The coals were three bituminous coals (Byron Creek, Prince and Devco) and two lignites (Coronach and Bienfait). When gasified in an equal mixture of nitrogen
and oxygen at 850 0 C, the lignites reacted more rapidly and produced more liquid and gaseous products than the bituminous coals, while the bituminous coals produced more methane but less carbon monoxide. Overall rates for both the gasification and combustion processes were 3.20, 2.80, 1.84, 1.70
and 1.25 % carbon conversion per minute for Coronach, Bienfait, Prince, Byron Creek and Devco coals.
Effects of firing rate and design on domestic wood stove performance
Authors: Hayden A C S , Braaten R W
Published: July 2017

Controlled combustion wood stoves have been shown to have a significant degree of incompleteness of combustion and corresponding high emissions. This paper shows that emission levels of carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons as measured by a flame ionization
detector and polycyclic organic matter (POM's) are closely related, and are very sensitive to firing rate below a "critical rate", which is stove dependent. Above this, the firing rate has much less effect on emission levels. Two technical strategies to reduce emission levels by improving combustion
are primarily effective in shifting the critical burn rate to lower levels, with little effect on emissions at higher burn rates. This makes the determination of the critical rate one of the more important factors in the evaluation of woodfired appliances.
The in-situ recovery of bitumen from oil sands: part 1: development of a laboratory-scale test procedure and preliminary results using steam
Authors: McColgan E C , Margeson J L , Parsons B E
Published: July 2017

The results of a preliminary study to model the in-situ recovery of bitumen from oil sand using steam are presented. Three different experimental arrangements were tested. In each case a cylindrical cell was manually packed with medium grade Athabasca oil sand
and then mounted vertically. In the first arrangement the cell was heated at atmospheric pressure with nitrogen or nitrogen-steam flowing from top to bottom to see if the bitumen could be made to flow by gravity drainage or gas entrainment; no more than 5% of the initial bitumen-in-place was
recovered. In the second arrangement, an "octopus" which allowed injection at the top and bottom and at various locations along the length of the cell was used. Two experiments in which hot water was injected showed recoveries of about 18% while those at steam temperatures were less than 3%.
In the third arrangement a pressure vessel was used. The cell was heated to 245 °C which resulted in a steam pressure of 3.4 MPa (500 psi). After the system reached steady-state a valve was opened to collect products. When the product was collected from the bottom, less than 4% of the
bitumen was recovered; when it was collected through the top, 37% of the bitumen was separated from the oil sand.
The development of coal-water mixture technology for utility boilers in eastern Canada
Authors: Rankin D M , Nicholson R P , Whaley H , Covill I D
Published: July 2017

Eastern Canada is the only region of the country where electricity is generated from oil and it is this region which is most dependent on imported oil. In addition, natural gas is not yet generally available local coal tends to be high in ash and sulphur and in
need of upgrading. This scenario has prompted Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, in collaboration with the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission (NBEPC) and the Cape Breton Development Corporation (C.B.D.C.) to undertake a major collaborative initiative in Eastern Canada under the National Energy
Program (NEP) to develop coal-water mixture technology for utility boiler application. The current status of the following main activities of the project are described together with the future potential for CWM's in the Maritime Utility sector: 1) Process development for coal/water mixture fuel
preparation. 2) Burner Development for front-wall and tangentially-fired utility boilers. 3) Pilot Plant construction for coal-water fuel preparation. 4) Demonstration trials in a small utility boiler of each configuration at Chatham, New Brunswick.
Utility boiler demonstration of coal-water mixture combustion at Chatham, New Brunswick
Authors: Whaley H , Rankin D M , Landry P G , Covill I D
Published: July 2017

Energy, Mines and Resources Canada (EMR) has identified coal-water mixture (CWM) fuels technology as a priority for development in Eastern Canada. Under the Special Atlantic Initiatives Coal Utilization Program, funding has been provided to build a CWM
preparation plant, to develop suitable burners and to demonstrate combustion of the fuel in utility boilers typical of the region. Under a cooperative agreement between EMR, the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission and Cape Breton Development Corporation, a pilot-plant CWM preparation facility (4
t/h) has been built to produce fuel for testing in two small utility boilers located at Chatham, N.B. An update is given of the status of this program as well as plans for the future program in Eastern Canada.
CANMET co-processing: a status report
Authors: Kelly J F , Fouda S A , Rahimi P M , Ikura M
Published: July 2017

CANMET is developing a process to simultaneously liquefy coal and upgrade bitumen, heavy oil or petroleum residues. This coprocessing concept is similar to a direct hydroliquefaction process in which the normal coal derived recycle oil is replaced with an
externally supplied bitumen or other solvent. Alternatively, it can be viewed as an extension of the CANMET hydrocracking process where much greater coal concentrations are employed in the feed. The net result is a single stage process which combines aspects of both coal liquefaction and heavy oil
hydrocracking technologies. At the Synthetic Fuels Research Laboratory of CANMET a continuous bench-scale coprocessing unit has been used to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept using Forestburg subbitumnious C coal from Alberta and Cold Lake vacuum bottoms as solvent. The same coal has also
been processed with an anthracene oil solvent to allow direct experimental comparison of product qualities and yields between coprocessing and liquefaction. The characteristics of coprocessing were investigated by changing the major process variables over wide operating ranges including the base
case of simple hydrocracking of the solvent. A number of significant trends were observed especially with respect to the effect of coal concentration in the slurry feed. These results are discussed including the nature of potential coal-solvent synergism during coprocessing.
Influence of reducing gas in the coprocessing of coal and bitumen
Authors: Coulombe S , Rahimi P , Fouda S , Ikura M , Sawatzky H
Published: July 2017

Characterization of products obtained during coprocessing of Cold Lake vacuum bottoms and subbituminous coal under two reducing gases and at two levels of severity has been undertaken. The composition of the products is shown and hydrocarbon-type separation has
been done on the distillates boiling above 205 ° C combined with the residual oil. The influence of reducing gases (hydrogen or synthesis gas) is discussed. Results show how the use of synthesis gas would be preferable to pure hydrogen at low severity.
Hydrocarbon-type separation of middle distillates and asphalt cement fractions
Authors: Coulombe S , Poirier M A
Published: July 2017

This paper describes a hydrocarbon-type separation method which allows the separation of heavy oil and synthetic fuel fractions boiling above 200° C of deasphaltened samples into saturates, mono-diaromatics, polynuclear aromatics and resins. These fractions
could be used for further separation and characterization using other analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The method has been tested on middle distillate fractions and on asphalt cement samples. The separation of a 1.5g sample can be performed in about 3.5 h. Repeatability and yield recovery
results are also presented.
Fluidized bed combustion of high-sulphur maritime coal
Authors: Razbin V V , Anthony E J , Desai D
L , Friedrich F D
Published: July 2017

A high-sulphur bituminous coal from Eastern Canada, Devco Prince, containing up to 6% sulphur has been successfully burnt in a program of 36 tests using a pilot-scale atmospheric fluidized bed combustor. Three different size ranges of high calcium limestone,
also from Eastern Canada, were employed to study the effects of limestone size on sulphur capture. The tests were conducted at three fluidizing velocities: 1.2, 2.1 and 3 m/s, all at a bed temperature of 850°C and 20% excess air. Combustion efficiencies of up to 98% without fly ash
recycle and up to 99.7% with fly ash recycle were obtained. When recycle was employed, the applicable SO2 emission guideline of 705 ng/J was achieved with a Ca/S ratio of about 2.1 when limestone sized at 6.3 mm x 0 and 6.3 x 0.84 mm was used, whereas a Ca/S ratio of about 3.3 was required when
using limestone sized at 2.38 x 0.84 mm. Two tests were carried out for 24 h each to study the effect of longer operation on bed inventory, fluidization, sulphur capture and combustion performance.
The Rockwell low NOx /SOx burner development
Authors: Lee G K
Published: July 2017

A slagging combustor for burning pulverized coal with low NO/S0 emissions has been developed by Rockwell International. In pilot plant trials with low-sulphur coals, SO2 emissions have been reduced by 65% with NOx emissions ranging from 80 to 150 ppm; carbon
carryover has been typically less than 1% in ash. Design criteria for a 29.2 MWt demonstration-scale burner scheduled for installation on Unit No. 2 at Wabamum Generating Station in 1987 are being developed from the pilot plant data.
Size exclusion chromatography for characterization of heavy oil/bitumen vacuum bottoms as feedstocks for coprocessing
Authors: Rahimi P M , Kelly J F
Published: July 2017

Cold Lake vacuum bottoms, a potential feedstock for coprocessing, has been separated according to molecular weight on Styragel 100 A using preparative gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The average molecular weight (determined by vapour pressure osomometer) of
10 arbitrary fractions obtained by this fractionation technique ranged from 228 to 2074. Using an analytical GPC equipped with Shodex columns (divinyl benzene polymer) a linear relationship was found between the log Mn of fractions and retention volumes. Elemental analysis of the fractions showed an
increase in nitrogen and sulphur contents as a function of molecular weight. H/C atomic ratios increased with decreased molecular weight and peaked at 648 g/mol. Conversely, aromaticity decreased sharply to a minimum at 548 g/mol and then increased gradually as molecular weight
increased.
Comparison of detectors for size exclusion chromatography of heavy oil related samples
Authors: Coulombe S
Published: July 2017

A differential refractive index detector, a flame ionization detector for liquid chromatography and an evaporative detector were compared in terms of linearity, response factors and detection limits. Operating conditions were also optimized in order to ensure
adequate detector response. Pitch samples were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography using the three detectors. Optimization, performances and analytical results are discussed.
Characterization of naphtha produced from coprocessing coal-heavy oil
Authors: Farnand B , Rahimi P M , Fouda S A
Published: July 2017

Capillary gas chromatography proved useful for characterizing naphtha produced from coprocessing coal and heavy oil at various conditions. Increasing the coal concentration in the feedstock resulted in higher contents of phenols, indane and cyclohexanes in the
naphtha product. Increasing the reaction temperature resulted in higher contents of phenols and indane, indicating a greater contribution of coal to the naphtha product at higher severities. The combined use of hydrogen sulphide and iron sulphate as promoter resulted in higher contents of indane,
alkanes and cycloparaffines in the naphtha than the use of either alone.
Étude lésionnelle de la brucellose due à Brucella Melitensis chez le bouquetin des Alpes Capra Ibex
Authors: Freycon Pauline , Game Yvette , Hars Jean , Fromont Emmanuelle
Published: July 2017

Suite à la découverte d’une forte séroprévalence de brucellose dans les populations de bouquetins du massif du Bargy, il est apparu indispensable d’étudier la pathogénie de la maladie afin de mieux comprendre cette relation hôte-pathogène. Des autopsies ont été réalisées entre 2012 et 2014 sur 64 bouquetins atteints, complétées par des analyses bactériologiques. Près d’un bouquetin sur trois était porteur d’au moins une lésion évoquant la brucellose et l’infection pouvait avoir plusieurs localisations chez un même animal. Les arthrites et les orchites étaient les lésions les plus fréquemment observées. La période de capture et le sexe des individus ont été identifiés comme facteurs de risque faisant varier l’atteinte lésionnelle parmi la population. La nature des lésions observées et l’isolement de la bactérie prouvent l’existence d’animaux excréteurs sans aucun signe clinique et laissent entrevoir plusieurs voies d’excrétion. Le bouquetin des Alpes semble donc, d’après la pathogénie de la brucellose, pouvoir constituer un réservoir pour B. melitensis.
La profession vétérinaire en Europe
Authors: Chambon Thierry
Published: July 2017

The veterinary profession in Europe.

The survey of veterinarians across Europe received 13000 responses from 24 FVE members. The results establish 243000 veterinarians who care for 157 million companion animals and 342 million cattle, sheep, pigs and goats. It is a young profession with 44 % veterinarians aged under 40, and an equal profession with a near balance of male and female. Veterinary medicine is flexible where 17 % are working part time, while 21 % have at least two different jobs. Unemployment is low, 3 %. It results that veterinarians are satisfied with their choice of career. Veterinary practice is the most important area of employment. Veterinarians feel confident about their prospects. They believe that more veterinarians will be needed in the areas of animal welfare, disease control and environment. But too many veterinarians are emerging, with insufficient skills to perform daily tasks, and need of specialization.
Modeling the contributions of global air temperature, synoptic-scale phenomena and soil moisture to near-surface static energy variability using artificial neural networks
Authors: Pryor Sara C. , Sullivan Ryan C. , Schoof Justin T.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The static energy content of the atmosphere is increasing at the global scale, but exhibits important sub-global and sub-regional scales of variability and is a useful parameter for integrating the net effect of changes in the partitioning of energy at the surface and for improving understanding of the causes of so-called warming-holes (i.e. locations with decreasing daily maximum air temperatures (T) or increasing trends of lower magnitude than the global mean). Further, measures of the static energy content (herein the equivalent potential temperature, θe) are more strongly linked to excess human mortality and morbidity than air temperature alone, and have great relevance in understanding causes of past heat-related excess mortality and making projections of possible future events that are likely to be associated with negative human health and economic consequences. A new non-linear statistical model for summertime daily maximum and minimum θe is developed and used to advance understanding of drivers of historical change and variability over the eastern USA. It is shown that soil moisture (SM) is particularly important in determining the magnitude of θe over regions that have previously been identified as exhibiting warming holes confirming the key importance of SM in dictating the partitioning of net radiation into sensible and latent heat and dictating trends in near-surface T and θe. Consistent with our a priori expectations, models built using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) out-perform linear models that do not permit interaction of the predictor variables (global T, synoptic-scale meteorological conditions and SM). This is particularly marked in regions with high variability in min- and max-θe, where more complex models built using ANN with multiple hidden layers are better able to capture the day-to-day variability in θe and the occurrence of extreme max-θe. Over the entire domain the ANN with 3 hidden layers exhibits high accuracy in predicting max-θe > 347 K. The median hit rate for max-θe > 347 K is > 0.60, while the median false alarm rate ≈ 0.08.
Synchrony of trend shifts in Sahel boreal summer rainfall and global oceanic
evaporation, 1950–2012
Authors: Diawara Alima , Tachibana Yoshihiro , Oshima Kazuhiro , Nishikawa Hatsumi , Ando Yuta
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Between 1950 and 2012, boreal summer (rainy season) rainfall in the Sahel changed from a multi-decadal decreasing trend to an increasing trend (positive trend shift) in the mid-1980s. We found that this trend shift was synchronous with similar trend shifts in global oceanic evaporation and in land precipitation on all continents except the Americas. The trend shift in oceanic evaporation occurred mainly in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and the subtropical oceans of the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Because increased oceanic evaporation strengthens the atmospheric moisture transport toward land areas, the synchrony of oceanic evaporation and land precipitation is reasonable. Surface scalar winds over the SH oceans also displayed a positive trend shift. Sea surface temperature (SST) displayed a trend shift in the mid-1980s that was negative (increasing, then decreasing) in the SH and positive in the NH. Although SST had opposite trend shifts in both hemispheres, the trend shift in evaporation was positive in both hemispheres. We infer that because strong winds promote evaporative cooling, the trend shift in SH winds strengthened the trend shifts in both SST and evaporation in the SH. Because high SST promotes evaporation, the trend shift in NH SST strengthened the NH trend shift in evaporation. Thus differing oceanic roles in the SH and NH generated the positive trend shift in evaporation; however, the details of moisture transport toward the Sahel are still unclear, or perhaps there is no single determining influence.
REVISÃO SOBRE TÉCNICAS E TRATAMENTOS DE ÁGUAS PARA REUSO DOMÉSTICO
Authors: D’Agostin Andressa , Becegato Valter Antônio , Baum Camila Angélica
Published: July 2017

A problemática da água como recurso cada vez mais finito,suscita estudos acerca de alternativas para o tratamento das águas geradas em residências (negras e cinzas), assim como as pluviais, de forma que a sua qualidade final seja tal que possibilite o seu emprego como fonte alternativa para fins não potáveis. O presente trabalho objetivou revisar estudos que abordassem diferentes tratamentos para águas servidas domiciliares e pluviais para reuso em fins domésticos não potáveis, comparando sua eficiência com a normativa brasileira. Nesse contexto, faz-se necessária a adoção de medidas que visem à redução de consumo e conservação dos recursos hídricos disponíveis, o que implica na conscientização e mudança de hábitos por parte dos usuários.
Effect of peroral supplementation with selenium and vitamin e during late pregnancy on udder health and milk quality in dairy cows
Authors: Vasiľ Milan , Zigo František , Elečko Juraj , Zigová Martina , Farkašová Zuzana
Published: July 2017

The aim of the experiment was to study selenium and vitamin E sources in the diet of dairy cows in late phase of pregnancy and their effects on udder health and milk quality during the first two weeks after calving. The experiment included 48 cows of Holstein breed divided into four equal groups (n = 12). The first experimental group (D1) was fed with addition of vitamin E in total dose of 1020 dl-a-tocopherol acetate Se/cow per day. The second group (D2) was added the selenium at a dose of 0.3 mg.kg-1 of DM in form of sodium selenite. The third group (D3) was supplemented with addition of vitamin E in combination with sodium selenite in total dose of 1020 dl-a-tocopherol acetate Se/cow per day and of 5.0 mg Se/cow per day, respectively. The control group (C) was without the addition of selenium and vitamin E. In group (D2) with addition of selenium at a dose of 0.3 mg.kg-1 of DM and vitamin E a dose of 50 mg dl-a-tocopherol acetate/kg of DM in diet, increased the plasmatic concentration of selenium and vitamin E and reduced the incidence of mastitis by 13.3% and number of somatic cells during peripartal period in comparison with other groups.
Toda la renta se desvanece en el aire. El caso de las Agencias Regionales de Desarrollo Productivo
Authors: Durán Francisco
Published: July 2017

El proyecto modernizador aplicado en Chile durante las últimas décadas ha consolidado una estructura productiva preponderantemente rentista, dependiente de los ciclos del precio de las materias primas y de mercados altamente concentrados. A partir del proceso de descentralización en curso, que modifica la interrelación entre los actores territoriales más preponderantes, esta investigación identifica las principales barreras que impiden o retrasan la transformación productiva a nivel territorial, especialmente al considerar las nuevas facetas de la descentralización en el ámbito político-institucional. Para esto, se consideran los casos de las Agencias Regionales de Desarrollo Productivo de las regiones de Valparaíso y Coquimbo. En virtud del análisis realizado, se evidencia que los factores económicos y sociales son fundamentales para entender el éxito o fracaso de una política de desarrollo productivo a nivel territorial, siendo el factor institucional insuficiente para explicar esto de forma integral. Se concluye que es esencial el proceso que fortalece las capacidades endógenas de los territorios, puesto que son el sustento de la nueva fase de la descentralización.
Investigación y política en salud mental infanto-juvenil en Chile. Revisión sistemática, 2000-2015
Authors: Orrego Vanessa
Published: July 2017

Los Objetivos sanitarios 2011-2020 reconocen la utilidad de la investigación en salud en la toma de decisiones de política pública a través de cuatro estrategias: formular prioridades, incentivar la investigación, desarrollar las capacidades investigativas del sistema y promover la transferencia del conocimiento. Con este propósito, la OMS propone, entre otros, realizar una síntesis amplia de la evidencia científica que permita conocer los vacíos del conocimiento. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la brecha entre la producción académica en salud mental infanto juvenil y la agenda gubernamental en salud y salud mental, entre 2000-2015. La metodología siguió las recomendaciones de la Declaración Prisma y sumó 160 artículos indexados producidos en población chilena menor de 29 años; se aplicó estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido. Los resultados evidencian dificultades importantes en la ciencia que dificultan la priorización de la salud mental infanto-juvenil en la agenda gubernamental, entre las cuales, se incluye el predominio del enfoque de los factores de riesgo y la ausencia de soluciones concretas vinculadas a la realidad socio-política del país. Las conclusiones apuntan a modificar el uso del conocimiento científico abandonando las concepciones lineales y racionales que no consideran la complejidad del proceso político de construcción de los problemas públicos.
Uso da ferramenta de adaptação baseada em ecossistemas para mudanças climáticas: revisão da literatura
Authors: Dullius Alexandre , Silva Maclovia Corrêa da
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar estudos que contêm abordagens de ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas para adaptação às mudanças do clima. A considerada a mais importante é aquela que trata da adaptação baseada em ecossistema (Abe), a qual utiliza os recursos da natureza como forma de adaptação às mudanças climáticas. O texto introduz as possibilidades de adaptação de ecossistemas baseado na interação homem-natureza e apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre a produção do conhecimento baseada na temática de ferramentas para adaptação às mudanças climáticas. Foram selecionados artigos, teses e dissertações no portal de periódicos CAPES/MEC nos últimos vinte anos. Os estudos foram classificados por ano e pela pertinência do conteúdo. Dentre eles, destaca-se a publicação de 20 estudos sobre a temática. Após a leitura dos mesmos, somente 10 correspondiam ao foco do estudo proposto, e os demais não incorporavam o contexto das adaptações às mudanças climáticas. Somente um deles, publicado em 2014, trata especificamente da abordagem de adaptação baseada em ecossistemas. Os resultados ampliaram o escopo do estudo e introduziram novos aspectos a serem explorados no desenvolvimento e aplicação de ferramentas de adaptação às mudanças climáticas.
Editorial
Authors: Hoffmann-Horochovski Marisete T.
Published: July 2017

Editorial do Dossiê Temático Uso sustentável da biodiversidade e conservação de recursos naturais.