bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A EVOLUÇÃO DOS DIREITOS TRABALHISTAS DAS MULHERES SOB O PRISMA DOS LIMITES DA FLEXIBILIZAÇÃO NO DIREITO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Macedo Soares Fernanda Heloisa , Marcari Elisangela , Da Fonseca Josimar Rodrigo
Published: December 2017

O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi o de analisar a evolução histórica dos direitos trabalhistas da mulher, levando em consideração as garantias conquistadas ao longo do tempo e seus reflexos na atual legislação trabalhista brasileira. Destarte, buscou-se elencar o que a CLT prevê como direitos para a trabalhadora, levando em consideração a saúde e as questões que envolvem a maternidade. Ademais, foram analisados o contexto histórico e a conceituação do instituto da flexibilização, elencando ainda suas formas e as principais correntes doutrinárias. Por fim, ponderou-se sobre os limites da flexibilização frente os direitos trabalhistas das mulheres, colacionando-se decisões do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho. A metodologia utilizada foi o da pesquisa bibliográfica, que por intermédio do levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema foi possível constatar informações e subsídios para o desenvolvimento do tema proposto. Com base no estudo documental e bibliográfica conclui-se que existem alguns pontos falhos a serem revistos e melhorados para melhor aplicação das diretrizes da Lei de Cotas.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Direito do Trabalho. Direitos da Mulher. Flexibilização. The main objective of this study was to analyze the historical evolution of women's labor rights, taking into account the guarantees earned over time and its effects on current Brazilian labor legislation. Thus, we sought to list what the CLT provides as rights for the worker, taking into account the health and issues surrounding maternity. In addition, we analyzed the historical context and the conceptualization of the flexibilization institute, and it also lists its forms and main doctrinal currents. Finally, we considered the limits of flexibilization, against women's labor rights, collating decisions of the Superior Labor Court. The methodology used was the bibliographical research, that through the bibliographical survey on the subject it was possible to verify information and subsidies for the development of the proposed theme. Based on the documentary and bibliographic study it is concluded that there are some flaws to be reviewed and improved for better application of the guidelines of the Quota Law.  KEYWORDS: Labor Law. Women rights. Flexibilization.
EFETIVIDADE PROCESSUAL VERSUS PROJETO “CONCILIAR É LEGAL” INSTITUÍDO PELO CONSELHO NACIONAL DE
Authors: Da Silva Joilson José
Published: December 2017

Analisa-se no presente artigo o princípio da efetividade processual à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988 e a política empreendida pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) no movimento “Conciliar é Legal”. Considerou-se os estudos da doutrina pátria e da jurisprudência do STF, para refletir acerca de normas subjacentes ao princípio da efetividade processual, a saber, inafastabilidade da jurisdição, celeridade processual e devido processo legal. A conciliação, como meio autocompositivo de solução de litígios, mereceu destaque especial. O CNJ divulgava amiúde na grande mídia, a campanha nacional de conciliação no afã de contornar a morosidade processual. Contudo, a propaganda institucional não revelava os propósitos de tal empreendimento. Analisou-se, nessa ordem de considerações, a estrutura, as funções e a legitimidade do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, tendo por substrato normativo a Emenda Constitucional 45/2004. Refletiu-se especialmente sobre a contradição entre o movimento “Conciliar é Legal” e o direito à efetividade do processo. Levou-se em consideração as estatísticas elaboradas pelo próprio CNJ, oportunidade em que se apreciou a ideia de “cultura demandista”, demandista habitual e “demandista eventual”. Em suma, o presente artigo pretendeu subsidiar a ponderação sobre um tema reputado de expressiva relevância para a ciência jurídica. Palavras-chaves: Conciliação, Razoável Duração do Processo, Autocomposição, Jurisdição.
O PRINCÍPIO DA FUNÇÃO SOCIAL EM CONSONÂNCIA COM ATIVIDADE EMPRESARIAL
Authors: De Moura Belle Helena Beatriz , Da Silva Costa Helen Samara
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo tem-se por intuito expor, analisar e compreender a importância e a viabilidade da atuação e a exploração da atividade empresarial em consonância com os princípios constitucionais que tratam da função social, da justiça social, da valorização do trabalho humano, da existência digna e do desenvolvimento social nacional. O estudo se efetuou com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, mediante técnica em exame de doutrinas e artigos científicos especializados no assunto e na legislação pertinente. Constatou-se que a atividade empresarial, em geral, vem ocorrendo com o fim exclusivo de alcançar o lucros; os interesses particulares de investidores de capitais são colocados acima dos interesses coletivos, o que contribui para o aumento da desigualdade social. Situação que vem se perpetuando no ambiente mercantil muitas vezes por falta da aplicação da lei de forma rigorosa pelo Estado.
Direito Internacional Econômico: A Compra E Venda Internacional De Mercadorias
Authors: Bijos Leila , Oliveira João Rezende Almeida , Silva Adison , Quirino Denise Magalhães da Silva
Published: December 2017

A Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias trata-se de um fenômeno remoto que, com o surgimento da nova ordem mundial, vem se adaptando a esse novo cenário internacional. Frente a relações de natureza tão complexa nasce a necessidade do estudo de seus contratos regentes, cláusulas comuns e nuances, de modo a possibilitar a solução de eventuais controvérsias. A unificação da legislação aplicável se mostra indispensável ao esforço comum com o fito de evitarem-se litígios, se afigurando verdadeiro escopo entre as partes contratantes.
República Democrática do Timor Leste: Fusão de Horizontes ou Choque de Paradigmas?
Authors: Echeverria Andrea De Quadros Dantas
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo pretende analisar as crises democráticas vivenciadas na transição democrática no Timor Leste sob a perspectiva teórica da fusão de horizontes, desenvolvida por Gadamer. Nesse contexto, o estudo volta-se para uma revisão teórica dos principais conceitos desenvolvidos por Gadamer, em especial os conceitos de tradição, preconceito e fusão de horizonte. Posteriormente, a anáise das principais dificuldades observadas na implementação de uma democracia no Timor Leste será devidamente contrastada com as ideias de Gadamer com o intuito de analisar se realmente houve uma fusão de horizontes, ou se o choque de paradigmas ali ocorrido seria a razão primordial para a eclosão da crise democrática de 2006.
Violência E Criminalidade Na Sociedade Anapolina: Políticas Públicas De Ressocialização De Delinquentes
Authors: Lima Adriano Gouveia
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo é parte de dissertação de mestrado e aborda elementos relacionados à conduta violenta e a criminalidade urbana na cidade de Anápolis questionando-se as causas da violência e as políticas públicas no município para enfrentamento do problema. Um dos autores clássicos que fundamenta o presente estudo é Weber (2004) e sua teoria sobre a ação social de cunho eminentemente subjetivista além de outros clássicos mencionados nas referências.  Aborda-se, também, a ação social dos agentes estatais voltada para a contenção da violência e da criminalidade que resulta de uma legítima relação de poder e autoridade do Estado que se impõe aos criminosos através da segregação corporal denominada pena. Assim procedendo, o presente artigo se vincula com a abordagem sobre sociedade e políticas públicas, identificando essas manifestações sociais dentro da estrutura do Estado e formas de contenção de crimes.
EXERCÍCIO DA CIDADANIA E USO DAS REDES SOCIAIS NAS MANIFESTAÇÕES DE RUA NO BRASIL EM JUNHO 2013
Authors: SOUZA MAX ALLEXANDRE ATAÍDE , LEMES FERNANDO , SPADONI LILA
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo estudar a participação popular nos movimentos organizados através das redes sociais ocorridos no Brasil durante o ano de 2013. Procurou-se compreender suas repercussões, tendo em vista os efeitos sociais e políticos produzidos durante e após as manifestações de rua. A metodologia adotada para a realização da pesquisa foi do tipo bibliográfica exploratória, visando uma primeira aproximação com o objeto de estudo, buscando maior familiaridade com o assunto. A problemática que perpassa as discussões está associada ao conceito e à prática da cidadania, bem como às consequências efetivas das manifestações de rua enquanto mecanismo que possibilitam a prática dos direitos dos cidadãos numa sociedade onde predomina, ou deveria predominar, os valores de um sistema democrático representativo.
ASSÉDIO MORAL DE CONOTAÇÃO SEXUAL NO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO
Authors: DE SOUZA ANA PAULA RODRIGUES , STECKELBERG CIBELLE ALVES DE MORAIS
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho tem a finalidade de conhecer e analisar as diferentes relações de trabalho existentes no Brasil, bem como a conduta do assédio sexual no ambiente de trabalho, e como, quando e por que ela acontece. O assédio sexual caracteriza-se pelo constrangimento de alguém com o intuito de obtenção de vantagens ou favorecimento sexual. O agente busca tirar proveito de sua posição ou função. Esta atitude viola o direito de liberdade e privacidade bem como o de dignidade. O Direito de trabalhar em um local respeitoso e a dignidade do trabalhador são garantias constitucionais. O assédio sexual pode ser cometido tanto pelo empregador quanto por colegas de trabalho.  Neste artigo analisamos também a degeneração do ambiente de trabalho e a diminuição de produção como fatores importantes para a ocorrência do assédio sexual. Por fim, destacamos mais recentes decisões judiciais referentes ao assédio sexual, as suas principais características e as consequências no âmbito civil, trabalhista e penal.
CONCURSO INTERNO: BURLA À OBRIGATORIEDADE DE CONCURSO PÚBLICO NO BANCO DO BRASIL
Authors: BRITO CAMILA RODRIGUES DE SOUZA , GOMES THIAGO ALMEIDA
Published: December 2017

O concurso público é a forma de seleção de pessoal eleita pelo Estado para os cargos e empregos existentes na estrutura da Administração Pública. Também devem obediência à regra que impõe a realização de concurso público as sociedades de economia mista, no caso em estudo, os empregos providos pelo Banco do Brasil, integrante da Administração Pública Indireta. A seleção ou concurso interno é processo seletivo realizado por órgãos e entidades administrativas, com a participação restrita apenas aos que já integram o quadro de pessoal do Estado. Com base em tais razões, é preciso combater os possíveis descumprimentos do preceito constitucional, a fim de que se tornem realidade as vantagens do instituto do concurso público, como forma de concretizar princípios constitucionais e administrativos, na medida em que instala uma disputa aberta aos interessados que preencham as condições mínimas ao exercício da função estatal. Sob essa perspectiva, o presente trabalho se propõe a analisar a possibilidade de realização de concurso interno pelo Banco do Brasil, como forma de burla à exigência constitucional de realização de concurso público.
A DESCONSIDERAÇÃO DA PERSONALIDADE JURÍDICA NO CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR
Authors: MELO MAURO ANTÔNIO DE , NAVES GABRIELA GOMES DOS SANTOS
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho abordou a Teoria da Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica, analisando sua evolução histórica, desde sua criação, os primeiros registros no Brasil e suas características mais recentes. Fez-se necessário, entender a formação da pessoa jurídica, analisar sua classificação, a Responsabilidade Civil e como as pessoas físicas que a compõe podem se utilizar da personalidade jurídica para prejudicar terceiros. Como foi dado enfoque maior à aplicação da Teoria Menor presente nas relações do Direito do Consumidor, foi necessário analisar a aplicação da Teoria da Desconsideração da Personalidade Jurídica nas demais áreas do Direito, observando os requisitos mínimos para sua aplicação, divergindo a Teoria Maior e a Teoria Menor. Portanto, o trabalho tem a finalidade de esclarecer o instituto da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, como e quando poderá ser aplicada, evitando possíveis prejuízos ao Consumidor.
Theoretical investigation of mixing properties of Sb-Sn binary liquid alloy at 905K
Authors: Limbu H K , Mishra K K , Sah A K , Jha I S , Adhikari D
Published: December 2017

The thermodynamic, microscopic, surface and transport properties of Sb-Sn liquid alloy at 905K have been studied using regular solution model. In thermodynamic properties, free energy of mixing(GM) , activity(a), entropy of mixing(SM), heat of mixing (HM) have been studied. To understand structural behavior of the liquid alloys concentration fluctuations in the long wavelength limit i.e. (Scc(0)) and short range order parameter (α1) have been computed. Surface property is studied with the help of Butler’s model while transport property is computed from Moelwyn-Hughes equation. The theoretical and experimental values of thermodynamic and microscopic properties of Sb-Sn liquid alloy at 905K have been compared. In present work the value of interchange energy (w) is found to be negative suggesting that there is a tendency of unlike atoms pairing (i.e. Sb-Sn) as the nearest neighbor indicating the ordering behavior in Sb-Sn liquid alloy. The symmetric behavior of concentration fluctuations of the liquid alloy has been well explained by the model. The temperature dependence of interchange energy (w) has been found during the computation of entropy of mixing (SM) and heat of mixing (HM) of the liquid alloy.BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 1-10
Energetics of mixing and transport phenomena in Cd-X (X=Pb, Sn) melts
Authors: Koirala R P , Koirala I , Adhikari D
Published: December 2017

We report a quasi-chemical study of the thermodynamic and transport properties of mixing of liquid Cd-Pb and Cd-Sn alloys at 773K. The interaction energy in the alloys is found to be positive which suggests homo-coordination of atoms in the alloys. The viscosities of the alloys at 773K computed from two different approaches exhibit non-linear concentration dependence with the results for Cd-Sn alloy being in very good agreement and satisfactory agreement for Cd-Pb alloy. In lower concentrations of Cd-component, Cd-Pb alloy has larger viscosity and on the other side of concentration, Cd-Sn alloy has larger value. The calculations of inter-diffusion coefficients result in concave diffusion isotherms for the alloys. The higher values of inter-diffusion coefficients for Cd-Sn suggest that Cd and Sn metals tend to mix more readily than Cd and Pb metals do in Cd-Pb alloy. The correlation between viscosity and diffusion implies that the inter-diffusion coefficient is large for low viscous liquid alloy and vice-versa.BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 113-120
Preliminary neutronic study on Pu-based OTTO cycle pebble bed reactor
Authors: Setiadipura T. , Irwanto D. , Zuhair
Published: December 2017

The neutron physics characteristic of Pebble Bed Reactor (PBR) allows a better incineration of plutonium (Pu). An optimized design of simple PBR might give a symbiotic solution of providing a safe energy source, effective fuel utilization shown by a higher burnup value, and incineration of Pu stockpiles. This study perform a preliminary neutronic design study of a 200 MWt Once Through Then Out (OTTO) cycle PBR with Pu-based fuel. The safety criteria of the design were represented by the per-fuel-pebble maximum power generation of 4.5 kW/pebble. In this preliminary phase, the parametric survey is limited to the heavy metal (HM) loading per pebble and the average axial speed of the fuel. An optimum high burnup of 419.7 MWd/kg-HM was achieved in this study. This optimum design uses a HM loading of 2.5 g/pebble with average axial fuel velocity 0.5 cm/day.
Application of Pareto optimization method for ontology matching in nuclear reactor domain
Authors: Meenachi N. M. , Baba M. Sai
Published: December 2017

This article describes the need for ontology matching and describes the methods to achieve the same. Efforts are put in the implementation of the semantic web based knowledge management system for nuclear domain which necessitated use of the methods for development of ontology matching. In order to exchange information in a distributed environment, ontology mapping has been used. The constraints in matching the ontology are also discussed. Pareto based ontology matching algorithm is used to find the similarity between two ontologies in the nuclear reactor domain. Algorithms like Jaro Winkler distance, Needleman Wunsch algorithm, Bigram, Kull Back and Cosine divergence are employed to demonstrate ontology matching. A case study was carried out to analysis the ontology matching in diversity in the nuclear reactor domain and same was illustrated.
Criticality safety analysis of TK-13 cask in Bushehr nuclear power plant
Authors: Mohammadi A. , Hassanzadeh M. , Omidvari N.
Published: December 2017

Spent fuel production is one of the main problems of nuclear power plants that should be managed properly considering the strategy of each country. Today, in most of nuclear power owner countries, the interim storage has been selected as the temporary solution of spent fuel management because of absence of deep geological repositories and no tendency for reprocessing. On the other side, considering the merits of storage in dual purpose casks based on dry storage, this method was chosen for interim storage. By taking into account that the only operating reactor of Iran is of Water-Water Energetic Reactor (WWER)-1000 type, proposed TK-13 cask by Russia which is the manufacturer of these types of reactors has been considered. In this study, the calculation of basket holding spent fuel assembly criticality of this cask has been analyzed for two modes of fresh and spent fuel by ORIGEN2.1 and MCNPX2.6 nuclear codes. The criterion of the nuclear criticality safety for effective multiplication factor (keff) should be 0.95 and 0.98 for many ordinary and accident conditions, respectively. Therefore, the results show that a cylindrical basket with 66 cm diameter and 28 cm pitch with internal holding basket made of borated steel with 0.1% borate and steel free from borate would meet the criticality of cask, respectively.
Developing light nano-composites with improved mechanical properties for neutron shielding
Authors: Jamali F. , Mortazavi S. M. J. , Kardan M. , Mosleh-Shirazi M. A. , Sina S. , Rahpeyma J.
Published: December 2017

Although radiation exposures in manned space missions are normally below the limits recommended to NASA by NCRP, in long-duration deep space exploratory missions astronauts may receive relatively high doses of ionizing radiation. Novel light polyethylene-based composites can be considered as effective radiation shields in space explorations. However, normally these composites cannot provide desired mechanical properties. Over the past several years our laboratories have focused on developing efficient methods for both physical and biological protection of the crew in long term space missions. In this study carbon nanotubes and either nano-sized or micro-sized boron carbide (B4C) fillers were incorporated into the continuous phase of low density polyethylene (LDPE). In the next phase, the mechanical characteristics of the composites as well as their neutron attenuation properties were studied. Findings of this study indicated enhanced mechanical properties accompanied by an enhanced shielding efficiency for neutrons at some specific weight fraction of the fillers.
Time-dependent variation of the neutron multiplication factor in spent fuel storage
Authors: Leotlela M. J. , Olifant T. , Petr I.
Published: December 2017

After spent fuel assemblies have been discharged from the reactor, reactivity will fluctuate as the cooling period progresses because of changes in the number density of fissile nuclides and neutron absorber nuclides. The purpose of this project was (1) to quantify the contribution of each individual nuclide to the reactivity of the fissile system, (2) to identify nuclides that are responsible for the fluctuation in reactivity, and (3) to determine the effect of the number of nuclides on reactivity. This paper will present the results of the study of the behaviour of the keff with respect to variation in the duration of the cooling period during storage.
German Labor Relations in International Perspective
Authors: Schulze-Cleven Tobias
Published: December 2017

The German model of labor relations is once again attracting significant
attention, even if assessments of its health and economic consequences
diverge. This review article clarifies debates about German labor relations and
illuminates their significance for theorizing the political economy of wealthy
democracies. It demonstrates how four different narratives about German
practices from the late twentieth century continue to shape contemporary disagreements.
While these older interpretations of the German model have been
updated, their original assumptions about particular structural effects remain at
the heart of current disputes, sometimes hiding as much as they reveal. This
article argues that it is time to move beyond inherited abstractions and focus
more on the contemporary agency of labor relations actors.
The Euro, The Gold Standard, and German Power
Authors: Crawford Ames Beverly , Rezai Armon
Published: December 2017

Kindleberger’s theory of hegemonic stability states that fixed
exchange rate regimes require a leader that will provide it with disproportionate
resources to ensure stability. Applying his theory to European monetary
cooperation, we argue that, like the tools of Goethe’s “Sorcerer’s Apprentice,”
European Monetary Union was constructed as a “self-regulating system,” and
it threatens to run amok without a hegemonic leader. Germany has exercised
“soft hegemony” in Europe, providing the European Union with disproportionate
resources to stabilize the single market. It has the capability to be the
Eurozone’s leader. But, by 2017, blinded by its ordoliberal ideology, i t refused
to do so, instead placing the burden of cooperation on the weak. If Germany
continues to refuse to play the role of the hegemonic leader, European Monetary
Union faces collapse.
Erythromyeloid-Derived TREM2: A Major Determinant of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in Down Syndrome
Authors: Raha-Chowdhury Ruma , Henderson James W. , Raha Animesh Alexander , Stott Simon R.W. , Vuono Romina , Foscarin Simona , Wilson Liam , Annus Tiina , Fincham Robert , Allinson Kieren , Devalia Vinod , Friedland Robert P. , Holland Anthony , Zaman Shahid H.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) individuals have a spectrum of hematopoietic and neuronal dysfunctions and by the time they reach the age of 40 years, almost all develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology which includes senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Inflammation and innate immunity are key players in AD and DS. Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) variants have been identified as risk factors for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective:

To investigate the effects of TREM2 and the AD-associated R47H mutation on brain pathology and hematopoietic state in AD and DS.

Methods:

We analyzed peripheral blood, bone marrow, and brain tissue from DS, AD, and age-matched control subjects by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. TREM2-related phagocytosis was investigated using a human myeloid cell line.

Results:

TREM2 protein levels in brain and sera declined with age and disease progression in DS. We observed soluble TREM2 in brain parenchyma that may be carried by a subset of microglia, macrophages, or exosomes. Two DS cases had the AD-associated TREM2-R47H mutation, which manifested a morphologically extreme phenotype of megakaryocytes and erythrocytes in addition to impaired trafficking of TREM2 to the erythroid membrane. TREM2 was shown to be involved in phagocytosis of red blood cells. TREM2 was seen in early and late endosomes. Silencing TREM2 using siRNA in THP1 cells resulted in significant cell death.

Conclusion:

We provide evidence that peripheral TREM2 originating from erythromyeloid cells significantly determines AD neuropathology in DS subjects. Understanding the molecular signaling pathways mediated by TREM2 may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
Effect of Aggregate Mineralogy and Concrete Microstructure on Thermal Expansion and Strength Properties of Concrete
Authors: An Jinwoo , Kim S. , Nam Boo , Durham Stephan
Published: December 2017

Aggregate type and mineralogy are critical factors that influence the engineering properties of concrete. Temperature variations result in internal volume changes could potentially cause a network of micro-cracks leading to a reduction in the concrete’s compressive strength. The study specifically studied the effect of the type and mineralogy of fine and coarse aggregates in the normal strength concrete properties. As performance measures, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and compressive strength were tested with concrete specimens containing different types of fine aggregates (manufactured and natural sands) and coarse aggregates (dolomite and granite). Petrographic examinations were then performed to determine the mineralogical characteristics of the aggregate and to examine the aggregate and concrete microstructure. The test results indicate the concrete CTE increases with the silicon (Si) volume content in the aggregate. For the concrete specimens with higher CTE, the micro-crack density in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) tended to be higher. The width of ITZ in one of the concrete specimens with a high CTE displayed the widest core ITZ (approx. 11 µm) while the concrete specimens with a low CTE showed the narrowest core ITZ (approx. 3.5 µm). This was attributed to early-age thermal cracking. Specimens with higher CTE are more susceptible to thermal stress.
Investigation into the Fire Hazards of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Overcharging
Authors: Ouyang Dongxu , Liu Jiahao , Chen Mingyi , Wang Jian
Published: December 2017

Numerous lithium-ion battery (LIB) fires and explosions have raised serious concerns about the safety issued associated with LIBs; some of these incidents were mainly caused by overcharging of LIBs. Therefore, to have a better understanding of the fire hazards caused by LIB overcharging, two widely used commercial LIBs, nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP), with different cut-off voltages (4.2 V, 4.5 V, 4.8 V and 5.0 V), were tested in this work. Some parameters including the surface temperature, the flame temperature, voltage, and radiative heat flux were measured and analyzed. The results indicate that the initial discharging voltage increases with the growth of charge cut-off voltage. Moreover, the higher the cut-off voltage, the longer the discharging time to reach 2.5 V. An overcharged LIB will undergo a more violent combustion process and has lower stability than a normal one, and the increasing cut-off voltage aggravates the severity. In addition, it is also revealed that the NMC fails earlier than the LFP under the same condition. The temperatures for safety vent cracking, ignition, and thermal runaway of LIBs exhibit similar values for the same condition, which demonstrates that the LIB will fail at a certain temperature. Finally, the peak heat flux, total radiative heat flux, and total radiative heat will rise with the increase in voltage.
Estimation of Tendon Force Distribution in Prestressed Concrete Girders Using Smart Strand
Authors: Cho Keunhee , Kim Sung , Cho Jeong-Rae , Park Young-Hwan
Published: December 2017

The recently developed smart strand offers the possibility of measuring the prestress force of the tendon from jacking and all along its service life. In the present study, a method estimating the force distribution in all the tendons of a prestressed concrete (PSC) girder installed with one smart strand is proposed. The force distribution in the prestressed tendons is formulated by the friction and the anchorage slip, and is obtained through an optimization process with respect to the compatibility conditions and equilibrium of the forces in the section of the PSC girder. The validation of the proposed method through a numerical example and experiment shows that it can be used to estimate the force developed in the tendon.
Effects of Cs2CO3 Additive in KOH Electrolyte Used in Ni/MH Batteries
Authors: Yan Shuli , Nei Jean , Li Peifeng , Young Kwo-Hsiung , Ng K.
Published: December 2017

The effects of Cs2CO3 addition in a KOH-based electrolyte were investigated for applications in nickel/metal hydride batteries. Both MgNi-based and Laves phase-related body-centered cubic solid solution metal hydride alloys were tested as the anode active materials, and sintered β-Ni(OH)2 was used as the cathode active material. Certain amounts of Cs2CO3 additive in the KOH-based electrolyte improved the electrochemical performances compared with a conventional pure KOH electrolyte. For example, with Laves phase-related body-centered cubic alloys, the addition of Cs2CO3 to the electrolyte improved cycle stability (for all three alloys) and discharge capacity (for the Al-containing alloys); moreover, in the 0.33 M Cs2CO3 + 6.44 M KOH electrolyte, the discharge capacity of Mg52Ni39Co3Mn6 increased to 132%, degradation decreased to 87%, and high-rate dischargeability stayed the same compared with the conventional 6.77 M KOH electrolyte. The effects of Cs2CO3 on the physical and chemical properties of Mg52Ni39Co3Mn6 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results from these analyses concluded that Cs2CO3 addition changed both the alloy surface and bulk composition. A fluffy layer containing carbon was found covering the metal particle surface after cycling in the Cs2CO3-containing electrolyte, and was considered to be the main cause of the reduction in capacity degradation during cycling. Also, the Cs2CO3 additive promoted the formations of the C–O and C=O bonds on the alloy surface. The C–O and C=O bonds were believed to be active sites for proton transfer during the electrochemical process, with the C–O bond being the more effective of the two. Both bonds contributed to a higher surface catalytic ability. The addition of 0.33 M Cs2CO3 was deemed optimal in this study.
Milk: Bioactive Components and Role in Human Nutrition
Authors: Durazzo Alessandra
Published: December 2017

In the current Special Issue, numerous and different aspects related to milk, an important component of a well-balanced diet, are presented.[...]
Recent Advances in Cancer Therapy Based on Dual Mode Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Spyratou Ellas , Makropoulou Mersini , Efstathopoulos Efstathios , Georgakilas Alexandros , Sihver Lembit
Published: December 2017

Many tumor-targeted strategies have been used worldwide to limit the side effects and improve the effectiveness of therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), etc. Biophotonic therapy modalities comprise very promising alternative techniques for cancer treatment with minimal invasiveness and side-effects. These modalities use light e.g., laser irradiation in an extracorporeal or intravenous mode to activate photosensitizer agents with selectivity in the target tissue. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally invasive technique for cancer treatment which uses laser-activated photoabsorbers to convert photon energy into heat sufficient to induce cells destruction via apoptosis, necroptosis and/or necrosis. During the last decade, PTT has attracted an increased interest since the therapy can be combined with customized functionalized nanoparticles (NPs). Recent advances in nanotechnology have given rise to generation of various types of NPs, like gold NPs (AuNPs), designed to act both as radiosensitizers and photothermal sensitizing agents due to their unique optical and electrical properties i.e., functioning in dual mode. Functionalized AuNPS can be employed in combination with non-ionizing and ionizing radiation to significantly improve the efficacy of cancer treatment while at the same time sparing normal tissues. Here, we first provide an overview of the use of NPs for cancer therapy. Then we review many recent advances on the use of gold NPs in PTT, RT and PTT/RT based on different types of AuNPs, irradiation conditions and protocols. We refer to the interaction mechanisms of AuNPs with cancer cells via the effects of non-ionizing and ionizing radiations and we provide recent existing experimental data as a baseline for the design of optimized protocols in PTT, RT and PTT/RT combined treatment.
Application of Heterogeneous Catalysts in the First Steps of the Oseltamivir Synthesis
Authors: Fraile José , Saavedra Carlos
Published: December 2017

The first steps of oseltamivir synthesis from quinic acid involve acetalization and ester formation. These reactions are catalyzed by either acids or bases, which may be accomplished by heterogeneous catalysts. Sulfonic solids are efficient acid catalysts for acetalization and esterification reactions. Supported tetraalkylammonium hydroxide or 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene are also efficient base catalysts for lactone alcoholysis and in this work, these catalysts have been applied in two alternative synthetic routes that lead to oseltamivir. The classical route consists of an acetalization, followed by a lactonization, and then a lactone alcoholysis. This achieves a 66% isolated yield. The alternative route consists of esterification followed by acetalization and is only efficient when an acetone acetal is used.
Performance Comparison of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome with Logistic Regression Models to Predict Sepsis in Neonates
Authors: Thakur Jyoti , Pahuja Sharvan , Pahuja Roop
Published: December 2017

In 2005, an international pediatric sepsis consensus conference defined systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) for children <18 years of age, but excluded premature infants. In 2012, Hofer et al. investigated the predictive power of SIRS for term neonates. In this paper, we examined the accuracy of SIRS in predicting sepsis in neonates, irrespective of their gestational age (i.e., pre-term, term, and post-term). We also created two prediction models, named Model A and Model B, using binary logistic regression. Both models performed better than SIRS. We also developed an android application so that physicians can easily use Model A and Model B in real-world scenarios. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) in cases of SIRS were 16.15%, 95.53%, 3.61, and 0.88, respectively, whereas they were 29.17%, 97.82%, 13.36, and 0.72, respectively, in the case of Model A, and 31.25%, 97.30%, 11.56, and 0.71, respectively, in the case of Model B. All models were significant with p < 0.001.
Buellia dispersa (Lichens) Used as Bio-Indicators for Air Pollution Transport: A Case Study within the Las Vegas Valley, Nevada (USA)
Authors: Sims Douglas , Hudson Amanda , Park Ji , Hodge Vernon , Porter Heidi , Spaulding W.
Published: December 2017

Hazardous substances (e.g., toxic elements, oxides of nitrogen, carbon and sulfur) are discharged to the environment by a number of natural and anthropogenic activities. Anthropogenic air pollution commonly contains trace elements derived from contaminants and additives released into the atmosphere during fossil fuel combustion (automobiles, power generation, etc.) as well as physical processes (e.g., metal refining, vehicle brake wear, and tire and pavement wear). Analysis of pollutant chemical concentrations in lichens collected across the Las Vegas Valley allows documentation of the distribution of air pollution in the Valley. Analyses of lichen biomass (Buellia dispersa), when compared to windrose diagrams, shows pathways of airborne pollutant transport across the Las Vegas Valley. The west and north sectors of the Las Vegas Valley contained the lowest target contaminates (e.g., Cr, Cu, Co, Pb, Ni) and the highest NO3− while the east and south sectors contained the highest levels of target contaminates and lowest NO3−. Additionally, metals and NO3− detected in the east and south sectors of the valley indicate that air pollution generated in the valley is moving from the south to the north-northeast and across the valley, exiting on the north and south side of Frenchman Mountain.
System-Based Assessments—Improving the Confidence in the EIA Process
Authors: Wilson Jeff , Hinz Shawn , Coston-Guarini Jennifer , Mazé Camille , Guarini Jean-Marc , Chauvaud Laurent
Published: December 2017

This viewpoint article examines Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practices in developed and transitioning nations, identifies weaknesses, and proposes a new quantitative approach. The literature indicates that there exists little to no standardization in EIA practice, transitioning nations rely on weak scientific impact analyses, and the establishment of baseline conditions is generally missing. The more fundamental issue is that the “receptor”-based approach leads to a qualitative and subjective EIA, as it does not adequately integrate the full measure of the complexity of ecosystems, ongoing project risks, and cumulative impacts. We propose the application of a new framework that aims to ensure full life cycle assessment of impacts applicable to any EIA process, within any jurisdictional context. System-Based EIA (SBEIA) is based on modeling to predict changes and rests on data analysis with a statistically rigorous approach to assess impacts. This global approach uses technologies and methodologies that are typically applied to characterize ecosystem structure and functioning, including remote sensing, modeling, and in situ monitoring. The aim of this approach is to provide a method that can produce quantifiable reproducible values of impact and risk and move EIA towards its substantive goal of sustainable development. The adoption of this approach would provide a better evaluation of economic costs and benefits for all stakeholders.
Composite Oxide Fibres Grown by Internal Crystallisation Method
Authors: Mileiko Sergei , Kolchin Andrew , Kiiko Vyacheslav , Novokhatskaya Natalia
Published: December 2017

The internal crystallisation method (ICM) allows producing bundles containing hundreds and thousands of the fibres of a limited length. It is shown in the present paper that ICM can be used to produce fibres composed of a sapphire matrix and inclusions of calcium hexaaluminate. The fabrication of such composite fibres is described in the present paper. An effect of the calcium hexaaluminate inclusions in sapphire fibres is evaluated by testing model composites with brittle molybdenum matrices. The critical stress intensity factors of composite-fibre/molybdenum-matrix specimens are higher than those of specimens reinforced with sapphire fibres. The model specimens reveal non-linear stress/strain behaviour. The results of this work show the effectiveness of composite fibres as a reinforcement for brittle matrices.
Genome Editing Tools in Plants
Authors: Mohanta Tapan , Bashir Tufail , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed , Bae Hanhong
Published: December 2017

Genome editing tools have the potential to change the genomic architecture of a genome at precise locations, with desired accuracy. These tools have been efficiently used for trait discovery and for the generation of plants with high crop yields and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Due to complex genomic architecture, it is challenging to edit all of the genes/genomes using a particular genome editing tool. Therefore, to overcome this challenging task, several genome editing tools have been developed to facilitate efficient genome editing. Some of the major genome editing tools used to edit plant genomes are: Homologous recombination (HR), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPRs), the CRISPR/Cas9 system, RNA interference (RNAi), cisgenesis, and intragenesis. In addition, site-directed sequence editing and oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis have the potential to edit the genome at the single-nucleotide level. Recently, adenine base editors (ABEs) have been developed to mutate A-T base pairs to G-C base pairs. ABEs use deoxyadeninedeaminase (TadA) with catalytically impaired Cas9 nickase to mutate A-T base pairs to G-C base pairs.
Loss of miR-107, miR-181c and miR-29a-3p Promote Activation of Notch2 Signaling in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas (pHGGs)
Authors: Catanzaro Giuseppina , Sabato Claudia , Russo Michele , Rosa Alessandro , Abballe Luana , Besharat Zein , Po Agnese , Miele Evelina , Bellavia Diana , Chiacchiarini Martina , Gessi Marco , Peruzzi Giovanna , Napolitano Maddalena , Antonelli Manila , Mastronuzzi Angela , Giangaspero Felice , Locatelli Franco , Screpanti Isabella , Vacca Alessandra , Ferretti Elisabetta
Published: December 2017

The mechanisms by which microRNAs control pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) have yet to be fully elucidated. Our studies of patient-derived pHGG tissues and of the pHGG cell line KNS42 revealed down-regulation in these tumors of three microRNAs, specifically miR-107, miR-181c, and miR-29a-3p. This down-regulation increases the proliferation of KNS42 cells by de-repressing expression of the Notch2 receptor (Notch2), a validated target of miR-107 and miR-181c and a putative target of miR-29a-3p. Inhibition (either pharmacologic or genetic) of Notch2 or re-expression of the implicated microRNAs (all three combined but also individually) significantly reduced KNS42 cell proliferation. These findings suggest that Notch2 pathway activation plays a critical role in pHGGs growth and reveal a direct epigenetic mechanism that controls Notch2 expression, which could potentially be targeted by novel forms of therapy for these childhood tumors characterized by high-morbidity and high-mortality.
Low Levels of IgG Recognizing the α-1-Antitrypsin Peptide and Its Association with Taiwanese Women with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Chang Yu-Sheng , Pan Chih-Hong , Chang Che-Chang , Tsai Kai-Leun , Chou Han-Wen , Chen Jin-Hua , Lin Sheng-Hong , Lu Yi-Ying , Tai Chih-Chun , Lin Yi-Fang , Lin Ching-Yu
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to examine oxidative stress and low level of α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), and evaluate the associated autoreactivity against unmodified and their 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified peptides with pSS. Two differentially expressed proteins, α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (A1AG1) and A1AT, exhibited 2-fold differences, and their HNE modifications were identified by depleted-albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum protein, in-solution digestion, in-gel digestion, and nano-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) from pSS patients and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, levels of proteins, confirmation of HNE modifications, HNE-protein adducts and autoreactivity against unmodified and their HNE-modified peptides were further validated. Levels of the HNE-protein adduct and A1AG1 were significantly higher in pSS patients than HCs, but levels of A1AT were significantly lower in pSS patients compared to HCs. Only the HNE modification of A1AT was confirmed. Our study suggests that elevated HNE-protein adduct, oxidative stress, level (odds ratio (OR) 4.877, p = 0.003), lowered A1AT level (OR 3.910, p = 0.010) and a decreased level of anti-A1AT50–63 IgG (OR 3.360, p = 0.010) showed an increased risk in pSS patients compared to HCs, respectively.
A Genome-Wide Association Study and Complex Network Identify Four Core Hub Genes in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Xie Zengyan , Yang Xianyan , Deng Xiaoya , Ma Mingyue , Shu Kunxian
Published: December 2017

Bipolar disorder is a common and severe mental illness with unsolved pathophysiology. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been used to find a number of risk genes, but it is difficult for a GWAS to find genes indirectly associated with a disease. To find core hub genes, we introduce a network analysis after the GWAS was conducted. Six thousand four hundred fifty eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with p < 0.01 were sifted out from Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) dataset and mapped to 2045 genes, which are then compared with the protein–protein network. One hundred twelve genes with a degree >17 were chosen as hub genes from which five significant modules and four core hub genes (FBXL13, WDFY2, bFGF, and MTHFD1L) were found. These core hub genes have not been reported to be directly associated with BD but may function by interacting with genes directly related to BD. Our method engenders new thoughts on finding genes indirectly associated with, but important for, complex diseases.
Vitamin D and Its Analogues Decrease Amyloid-β (Aβ) Formation and Increase Aβ-Degradation
Authors: Grimm Marcus , Thiel Andrea , Lauer Anna , Winkler Jakob , Lehmann Johannes , Regner Liesa , Nelke Christopher , Janitschke Daniel , Benoist Céline , Streidenberger Olga , Stötzel Hannah , Endres Kristina , Herr Christian , Beisswenger Christoph , Grimm Heike , Bals Robert , Lammert Frank , Hartmann Tobias
Published: December 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular plaques in the brain, mainly consisting of amyloid-β (Aβ), as derived from sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. Epidemiological studies suggest a tight link between hypovitaminosis of the secosteroid vitamin D and AD. Besides decreased vitamin D level in AD patients, an effect of vitamin D on Aβ-homeostasis is discussed. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated and nothing is known about the potential effect of vitamin D analogues. Here we systematically investigate the effect of vitamin D and therapeutically used analogues (maxacalcitol, calcipotriol, alfacalcidol, paricalcitol, doxercalciferol) on AD-relevant mechanisms. D2 and D3 analogues decreased Aβ-production and increased Aβ-degradation in neuroblastoma cells or vitamin D deficient mouse brains. Effects were mediated by affecting the Aβ-producing enzymes BACE1 and γ-secretase. A reduced secretase activity was accompanied by a decreased BACE1 protein level and nicastrin expression, an essential component of the γ-secretase. Vitamin D and analogues decreased β-secretase activity, not only in mouse brains with mild vitamin D hypovitaminosis, but also in non-deficient mouse brains. Our results further strengthen the link between AD and vitamin D, suggesting that supplementation of vitamin D or vitamin D analogues might have beneficial effects in AD prevention.
A Low-Power CMOS Piezoelectric Transducer Based Energy Harvesting Circuit for Wearable Sensors for Medical Applications
Authors: Oh Taeho , Islam Syed , Mahfouz Mohamad , To Gary
Published: December 2017

Piezoelectric vibration based energy harvesting systems have been widely utilized and researched as powering modules for various types of sensor systems due to their ease of integration and relatively high energy density compared to RF, thermal, and electrostatic based energy harvesting systems. In this paper, a low-power CMOS full-bridge rectifier is presented as a potential solution for an efficient energy harvesting system for piezoelectric transducers. The energy harvesting circuit consists of two n-channel MOSFETs (NMOS) and two p-channel MOSFETs (PMOS) devices implementing a full-bridge rectifier coupled with a switch control circuit based on a PMOS device driven by a comparator. With a load of 45 kΩ, the output rectifier voltage and the input piezoelectric transducer voltage are 694 mV and 703 mV, respectably, while the VOUT versus VIN conversion ratio is 98.7% with a PCE of 52.2%. The energy harvesting circuit has been designed using 130 nm standard CMOS process.