bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DLLabelsCT: Annotation tool using deep transfer learning to assist in creating new datasets from abdominal computed tomography scans, case study: Pancreas
Authors: Mustonen Henrik , Isosalo Antti , Nortunen Minna , Nevalainen Mika , Nieminen Miika T. , Huhta Heikki
Published: December 2024

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding significantly within medical research and, to some extent, in clinical practice. Deep learning (DL) applications, which use large convolutional neural networks (CNN), hold considerable potential, especially in optimizing radiological evaluations. However, training DL algorithms to clinical standards requires extensive datasets, and their processing is labor-intensive. In this study, we developed an annotation tool named DLLabelsCT that utilizes CNN models to accelerate the image analysis process. To validate DLLabelsCT, we trained a CNN model with a ResNet34 encoder and a UNet decoder to segment the pancreas on an open-access dataset and used the DL model to assist in annotating a local dataset, which was further used to refine the model. DLLabelsCT was also tested on two external testing datasets. The tool accelerates annotation by 3.4 times compared to a completely manual annotation method. Out of 3,715 CT scan slices in the testing datasets, 50% did not require editing when reviewing the segmentations made by the ResNet34-UNet model, and the mean and standard deviation of the Dice similarity coefficient was 0.82±0.24. DLLabelsCT is highly accurate and significantly saves time and resources. Furthermore, it can be easily modified to support other deep learning models for other organs, making it an efficient tool for future research involving larger datasets.
Personalized diet order compliance is associated with an improved functional independence measure (FIM) score in elderly patients: An eight-week follow-up study in a convalescent hospital
Authors: Cho Jung Min , Ha Song Woo , Son Minji
Published: December 2024

It is important to establish the relationship between appropriate nutritional intake and improvements in activities of daily living (ADLs) in elderly hospitalized patients. This prospective observational study aimed to investigate diet order compliance (DOC) during 8 weeks of hospitalization and calculate the odds of improved functional independence measure (FIM) scores for high- and low-DOC groups using covariate-adjusted models in geriatric convalescent hospitals. The study subjects were elderly inpatients (>65 years old) with degenerative disease who consumed prescribed oral meals (Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) = 6/7) and who did not receive physical/occupational therapy. The personalized diet order was prescript, and the DOC was calculated using dietitian-monitored daily intake data. The 73 patients were divided into a low-DOC group (< 84.0%, n = 35) and a high-DOC group (≥ 84.0%, n = 38) on the basis of the median DOC (84.0%, average for 8 weeks). Twenty (52.6%) high-DOC patients and nine (25.7%) low-DOC patients experienced motor-FIM improvements (P = 0.017). After 8 weeks, the change in motor-FIM in the high-DOC group (1.6±0.3) was greater than that in the low-DOC group (0.3±0.1; P = 0.001). According to the baseline and nutrition-intake-adjusted model of multiple logistic regression analysis, in the high-DOC group, the motor-FIM improvement OR was 5.102 (95% CI: 1.100–16.233, P = 0.036), and the total-FIM improvement OR was 5.273 (95% CI: 1.102–25.238, P = 0.037). High compliance with individualized nutritional prescriptions can increase FIM scores in clinical settings. Thus, comprehensive approaches to increase dietary compliance are needed for elderly long-term care patients.
Synthesis of anisotropic Janus composite particles based on polystyrene/urushiol- lanthanum chelate polymer
Authors: He Junhui , Zhang Yi , Li Shuyan
Published: December 2024

To expand the potential applications of raw lacquer, snowman-like polystyrene (PS)-urushiol lanthanum (ULa) Janus composite particles were synthesized by emulsion swelling-assisted protrusion from PS/ULa core-shell composite microspheres. The morphology and chemical composition of the PS/ULa composite microspheres and the PS-ULa Janus composite particles were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The PS-ULa Janus particles were compartmentalized into two parts, each with a different morphology and chemical composition. Results showed that the intact ULa shell with appropriate thickness is a crucial factor for controllable swelling, and the thickness of the PS/ULa core-shell composite microsphere could be controlled by polymerization temperature. This anisotropic Janus particle exhibits potential applications in orienting materials, such as directional catalysis.
Visual decision aids to support communication and shared decision-making: How are they valued and used in practice?
Authors: Noordman Janneke , Noordam Désanne , van Treeck Jorien , Prantl Karen , Pennings Patricia , Borsje Petra , Heinen Maud , Emond Yvette , Rake Ester , Boland Gudule , van Dulmen Sandra
Published: December 2024

Background

It is unknown how visual decision aids support communication and shared decision-making in everyday clinical practice, and how they are perceived by patients with varying levels of health literacy and their healthcare providers. Recently, three visual decision aids have been developed for renal replacement treatment, osteoarthritis of the knee, and osteoarthritis of the hip. This study aims to explore how patients and healthcare providers use and value these visual decision aids.

Methods

The evaluation of the visual decision aids was performed by coding video-recorded outpatient consultations (n = 35), by conducting reflective practice interviews with healthcare providers (n = 9), and through interviews with patients (n = 29). Consultations were coded using the 5-item OPTION instrument to measure shared decision-making, and self-developed items based on the visual decision aids and user guide.

Results

Both healthcare providers and patients valued the use of the visual decision aids, especially the overview page with all treatment options. Accordingly, it was observed that most providers mainly used the overview page. However, providers in nephrology discussed the individual treatment pages more often than providers in osteoarthritis care. This study also showed that most providers were unfamiliar with the user guide for the visual decision aids.

Conclusion

Visual decision aids for nephrology and osteoarthritis care seem particularly useful for patients with limited health literacy. Healthcare providers in this study mainly used the overview page of the visual decision aids. Although this is valued by both providers and patients, it is also important to discuss the individual treatment pages, including the pros and cons, with patients. This study also points to differences between outpatient clinics or departments in the use and implementation of the visual decision aids. The visual decision aids for osteoarthritis are used to a limited extent. In nephrology clinics, the visual decision aid is implemented.
Lower neurovascular coupling response despite higher cerebral blood flow at rest in apolipoprotein ɛ4 positive adults
Authors: Pearson Andrew G. , Miller Kathleen B. , Corkery Adam T. , Loggie Nicole A. , Howery Anna J. , Rivera-Rivera Leonardo A. , Wieben Oliver , Johnson Kevin M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Barnes Jill N.
Published: December 2024

Cerebral blood flow at rest declines with age. However, age-related changes in functional measures of cerebrovascular health including cerebrovascular reactivity and neurovascular coupling are not well understood. Additionally, the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular function remains unclear. APOEε4 positive (APOEε4+; n = 37, age = 63±4y) and APOEε4 negative (APOEε4-; n = 50, age = 63±4y) cognitively unimpaired adults participated in this study. Macrovascular cerebral blood flow and microvascular cerebral perfusion were measured using 4D flow MRI and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI, respectively. Cerebrovascular reactivity and neurovascular coupling were assessed by measuring middle cerebral artery blood velocity in response to hypercapnia and the n-back test, respectively. Neurovascular coupling was lower in APOEε4+ compared with APOEε4- adults (P<0.05), despite higher cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia. Alterations in neurovascular coupling may occur early, prior to changes in cognition, in aging APOEε4 carriers.
Correlation between Potential Risk Factors for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome and Subcoracoid Impingement - A Retrospective Radiological Study
Authors: Rani Ghazi Ahmad
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Shoulder discomfort ranks third among musculoskeletal complaints that might cause disability. The pathogenesis and associated risk factors of impingement remain poorly understood. This study seeks to identify a potential correlation between structural risk factors for developing SAIS and subcoracoid impingement.
METHODS
This radiological study collected data retrospectively for patients with clinical signs and symptoms of shoulder impingement. The MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) included for initial screening were symptomatic patients with suspected impingement syndrome, living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Six hundred eighty-six patients with MRI were included in the study that met the inclusion criteria. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between acromiohumeral and coracohumeral distance.
RESULTS
Out of 686 screened MRIs, a total of 391 had SAIS (Subacromial Impingement Syndrome), whereas subcoracoid impingement was found in 238 cases. There was a significant association in the presence of these two syndromes (P = 0.000, X2 = 35.209, df = 1). A total of 176 patients (72.7%) with subcoracoid impingement also had signs of SAIS, suggesting a very strong association. However, 66 patients (27.2%) with subcoracoid impingement did not exhibit radiological features of SAIS.
CONCLUSIONS
No correlation was found between the decrease in coracohumeral and acromiohumeral distance. The factors associated with isolated SAIS were female gender, downsloping of the acromion, complete supraspinatus tendon tear, and supraspinatus and subscapularis tendinopathy.
Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Different Irrigating Solution Against Enterococcus Faecalis - An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Roocha Jigish Shah  , Anup Panda  , Mira Govindbhai Virda
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
The invasion of microorganisms into the root canal system poses a significant challenge in endodontic infections, especially in primary teeth. Enterococcus faecalis is a common culprit in such infections, necessitating effective antimicrobial strategies. This study aims to assess various irrigating solutions' antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of different irrigating solutions against E. faecalis.
METHODS
Six experimental groups, including lemon extract, chlorine dioxide solution, apple cider vinegar, Echinacea angustifolia, sodium hypochlorite, and a control group (normal saline), were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar-well diffusion method, and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were determined.
RESULTS
Lemon extract and apple cider vinegar exhibited higher zones of inhibition compared to sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, and Echinacea angustifolia. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in antimicrobial efficacy between various groups. Lemon extract and apple cider vinegar demonstrated the lowest MIC and MBC values, indicating potent antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the antimicrobial efficacy of lemon extract and apple cider vinegar against E. faecalis, suggesting their potential as alternative irrigating solutions in endodontic practice. Further research is warranted to explore their clinical applicability and long-term effects on treatment outcomes.
Kriptografi Homomorfik dalam Anonimisasi Data untuk Pengolahan Data pada Sistem E-Voting
Authors: Soleh Muhammad Naufal Zhafran
Published: December 2024

Di era kemajuan teknologi informasi, menjaga keamanan dan privasi data merupakan suatu pertahanan yang sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan teknik keamanan Kriptografi dengan metode Homomorfik yang dapat mengolah data pada saat data terenkripsi menyoroti kekurangan dalam implementasi standar enkripsi yang hanya mengenkripsikan data saja. Metode penelitian ini meliputi analisis terhadap Kriptografi Homomorfik, dengan membangun sistem e-voting untuk menerapkan metode Homomorfik dengan algoritma Pailier yang dapat mengolah data pemungutan suara pada saat data terenkripsi, pembuatan kunci yang dapat Enkripsi data pemungutan suara dan Dekripsi data pemungutan suara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan Kriptografi dengan metode Homomorfik dalam sistem website e-voting mendapatkan keberhasilan pemrosesan data pada saat data terenkripsi kemudian dari hasil penyerangan pengujian keamanan menggunakan serangan Chipher text only tidak dapat ditemukan data plaintext dan pengujian kinerja waktu mendapatkan hasil 0.010 detik untuk proses enkripsi dekripsi, serta pengujian entropi Shannon mendapatkan hasil 3,20 bit dari 1 data suara terenkripsi.
Evaluasi Usability pada Aplikasi Sistem Pencatatan Pegawai Menggunakan Metode Usability Testing dan USE Questionnaire
Authors: Putro Abraham Timotius Asmoro , Wibowo Adi , Sutikno Sutikno
Published: December 2024

Dalam era digitalisasi yang semakin berkembang pesat, aplikasi sistem pencatatan pegawai menjadi sebuah kebutuhan yang tak terhindarkan bagi perusahaan untuk efisiensi dan efektifitas pengelolaan sumber daya manusia. Dalam konteks ini, usability atau kegunaan aplikasi sistem manajemen pegawai menjadi faktor krusial dalam memastikan pengguna dapat dengan lancar dan efisien memanfaatkan sistem yang disediakan. Usability merupakan aspek penting dalam perancangan aplikasi yang sering kali diabaikan. Keberhasilan sebuah aplikasi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh fitur dan fungsionalitasnya, namun juga oleh kemudahan penggunaan dan kepuasan pengguna dalam mengoperasikannya. Oleh karena itu, evaluasi usability menjadi suatu langkah yang sangat diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa aplikasi yang dikembangkan memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna secara optimal. Metode usability testing dan penggunaan kuesioner (questionnaire) merupakan pendekatan yang umum digunakan dalam mengevaluasi usability sebuah aplikasi , sehingga dengan melakukan pengujian langsung terhadap pengguna, kita dapat mengidentifikasi masalah-masalah yang mungkin timbul selama penggunaan aplikasi serta mendapatkan masukan langsung dari pengguna. Sementara itu, kuesioner memberikan pandangan yang lebih luas mengenai kepuasan dan persepsi pengguna terhadap aplikasi yang digunakan. Dalam konteks aplikasi sistem pencatatan pegawai CV. Cupang Semarangan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap usability aplikasi tersebut menggunakan metode usability testing dan kuesioner. Pada penelitian ini menghasilkan nilai usability pada aspek effectiveness, efficiency, ease of use, ease of learning, dan satisfaction berturut-turut adalah 87,96%, 77,47%, 64,88%, 71,43%, dan 68,57%
Fostering Sustainability through Educational and Research Initiatives at ETUT
Authors: Mezilov Gurbanmyrat , Gurdova Lachyn , Kulyyeva Jeren , Nurjahan Mahmudova , Altyyev Atamyrat , Annamuradov Dovlet , Orazov Yslam
Published: December 2024

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of sustainability-focused educational initiatives at Oguz Han Engineering and Technology University of Turkmenistan (ETUT) alongside other young universities, including Duke Kunshan University (China), Ashoka University (India), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST, Saudi Arabia). The study examines how these institutions integrate sustainability into their curricula, student engagement, and community outreach efforts, emphasizing the role of emerging universities in advancing sustainability education. Through an in-depth case study of ETUT and a comparative review of global trends, the research highlights innovative approaches aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper illustrates how young universities leverage their agility to embed sustainability into their operations, curricula, and community interactions, preparing students to address pressing environmental and social challenges in the 21st century.
Bacterial community present in the earthworm’s gut and its role in soil biology and health
Authors: Sharma Aishwarya , Kumari Shailja , Chauhan Sanjay , Sangal Ruchi , Kumar Vineet , Naik B.S. Sai Siddartha , Pramanick Biswajit , Sharma Shanti Kumar , Reddy K. Gurava , Reddy G Krishna , Yadav Sharvan Kumar , Medida Sunil Kumar , Tirunagari Rupesh , Bamboriya Jitendra Singh , Bamboriya Shanti Devi , P Gurumurthy , Susmitha Tadela
Published: December 2024

Earthworms are known as ecological engineers due to their significant role in enhancing soil health and productivity. Various factors such as temperature, moisture, acidity, pH, sunlight and the availability of organic matter influence their presence in soil. Earthworms exhibit diverse feeding and burrowing behaviors, which lead to crucial ecological processes within terrestrial ecosystems. Their interactions with soil result in the colonization of their gut and surrounding soil by diverse bacterial communities, including key species such as Escherichia coli, Streptomyces, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. These bacteria aid in the digestion of organic and inorganic matter, thereby altering soil physio-chemical properties and enhancing nutrient mineralization, which promotes plant growth. Additionally, earthworms influence nutrient cycling by modifying microbial soil populations and the bacterial communities in their gut and adjacent soil contribute to phytoremediation. This review delves into the types of bacterial populations found in the earthworm’s gut and surrounding soil, elucidating their specific roles and contributions to the terrestrial ecosystem. By understanding these complex interactions, we can better appreciate the vital role earthworms and their associated bacterial communities play in soil biology. This knowledge is essential for developing sustainable agricultural practices and improving soil management strategies, ultimately contributing to healthier and more productive ecosystems.
Potential applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in agriculture, medicine and environment
Authors: Vignesh Selvam , Rajadurai Gothandaraman , Raghu Rajasekaran , Balakrishnan Natarajan , Jayakanthan Mannu , Mohankumar Subbarayalu
Published: December 2024

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is renowned for its insecticidal activity against a wide range of target pests. Bt formulations offer safe alternatives to chemical insecticides, effectively eliminating insects using toxins and enzymes such as chitinases and metalloproteases. This bacterium has transformed pest management through the development of genetically modified insect-resistant crops, providing targeted protection. Beyond pest control, Bt serves as an alternative to antibiotics, fertilizers, bioremediation agents and for nanomaterial synthesis. While its effectiveness in insect control contributes to sustainable farming practices, Bt further promotes plant growth as a biofertilizer and growth enhancer. Additionally, it plays various roles in medicine and environmental applications. Bacteriocins, proteins produced by Bt, exhibit high efficacy against pathogenic bacteria and demonstrate some fungicidal activity, offering potential applications in medicine and food preservation. Bt’s influence extends to environmental bioremediation, where it targets heavy metals and dyes. It is also involved in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and exhibits anti-cancer activity by targeting various cancerous cells. Overall, Bt showcases a broad spectrum of activity across agriculture, medicine and environmental sectors, highlighting its potential to enhance crop productivity, improve human health and reduce environmental pollution.
Impact of silicon fertilization on crop growth, productivity and nutrients enhancement in rice: A review
Authors: Joy M S , Neetu S , Rakesh K , Lalrammawii C , Nihal D , Hritik S , Faraaz F , Swati M
Published: December 2024

Silicon (Si), constituting around 27.7 % of the Earth's crust by weight, is the second most abundant element after oxygen (47 %). While not considered essential, silicon is beneficial for crop growth, especially for Poaceae family crops. Intensive cultivation or continuous mono-cropping of cereals like rice depletes soil silicon levels, which may lead to decreased rice yields. Rice can absorb and accumulate silicon metabolically, a trait not common in many upland crops. Beyond boosting rice yields, silicon offers multiple benefits, such as enhancing nutrient availability (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn), reducing nutrient toxicity (Fe, Mn, P, Al) and mitigating biotic and abiotic stress in rice. Sufficient silicon also stabilizes rice plant culms, reducing lodging risks. Thus, silicon is crucial for plant growth and improving rice productivity at the agronomic level. This review focuses on the relationship between silicon and rice crops, their interactions with other elements and strategies for managing silicon in soils and plants to sustain rice productivity.
Therapeutic rice (Oryza sativa L.): Crop breeding interventions to combat chronic diseases
Authors: Vaishnavi Kandasamy , Geetha Seshadri , Mathankumar Paranjothi , Ganesan Kalipatty Nalliappan , Boopathi Narayanan Manikanda , Uma Doraiswamy , Anandhi Krishnan
Published: December 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) serves not only as a dietary staple worldwide but also harbours a rich array of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. This review explores various therapeutic traits in rice such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, elucidating their profound health benefits. These compounds act as antioxidants and are crucial in reducing oxidative stress and the risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers, thereby offering notable nutraceutical benefits. Enhancing these compounds in rice is advantageous, as it is a staple food. The success of crop improvement programs depends on the availability of genetic diversity. This review extensively discusses the genetic diversity among rice genotypes for therapeutic traits and the potential for enhancing these traits through breeding initiatives. Molecular-based approaches are essential in breeding programs, as they enable accurate identification of genetic markers associated with desirable traits and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), facilitating marker-assisted selection easier. These techniques also help to understand the genetic basis and expression of targeted traits. Advances in molecular markers and genomic tools are explored, with an emphasis on developing rice varieties enriched with health-promoting compounds. Furthermore, genome editing and transgenic technologies are examined for their role in precisely modulating bioactive compound levels. This synthesis offers a comprehensive perspective for breeders aiming to enhance therapeutic traits in rice.
Adherence to the OECD Model Tax Convention: A Textual Analysis of Member and Non-Member Countries’ Double Taxation Agreements
Authors: Diller Markus , Ehm Daniel , Katzlmayr Patrick , Lorenz Johannes
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the textual design of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs). Using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques we analyze the heterogeneity of a country’s set of DTAs and the drivers that lead to (non-)adherence to the OECD Model Convention. We observe that wealthier countries hold a more diverse DTA set compared to poorer countries and more frequently diverge from the OECD Model Convention. Furthermore, we show that negotiation results are less likely to follow the OECD Model Convention when treaty partners are closely related in terms of trade volume or share a colonial history. Institutional factors, such as OECD or EU membership, can counteract this effect and thus lead to a stronger adherence to the OECD Model Convention. As such, our study highlights how socio-economic, institutional, and geopolitical factors influence (non-)adherence to the OECD Model Convention and how this depends on the article under consideration.
Role of extractive compounds in emulsion stabilisation capacity of wood hemicelluloses
Authors: Belt Tiina , Lahtinen Maarit , Liimatainen Jaana , Korpinen Risto , Mikkonen Kirsi S. , Kilpeläinen Petri
Published: December 2024

Hemicellulose-rich extracts obtained by pressurised hot water extraction of wood residues show promise as emulsion stabilisers. However, pressurised hot water extracts (PHWEs) from wood also contain lower molecular weight extractive components that may influence emulsion performance. This study investigated the effect of extractives on emulsion stability using PHWEs obtained from spruce and birch sawdust with or without solvent pre-extraction. The results indicated that extractives negatively affect the physical stability of emulsions in both spruce and birch and influence oxidative stability in spruce after prolonged storage. However, the roles of different extractives in emulsion performance require further investigation.
Optimizing electrical properties and efficiency of copper-doped CdS and CdTe solar cells through advanced ETL and HTL integration: a comprehensive experimental and numerical study
Authors: Jena Ipsita , Singh Udai P.
Published: December 2024

Copper is a commonly preferred dopant for cadmium telluride based solar cells. Even though it is widely used as it enhances the electrical properties, it has the tendency to diffuse into the CdTe layer as well as the CdS/CdTe junction interface which adversely affects the performance of CdTe solar cells. In this experimental study copper doping of buffer cadmium sulfide layer has been performed to analyse its effect on structural, electrical, and optical properties of CdS and CdTe layers. While from the X-ray diffraction analysis it was observed that there was reduction in peak intensities and crystallite sizes of both the CdS and CdTe layers with the increase in amount of copper dopant, from the electrical properties it was found that there were improvements in carrier concentration, mobility, and conductivity of both the layers. To mitigate the losses due to Cu doping, enhance the efficiency and stability of CdTe solar cells an extensive numerical modelling approach was undertaken to employ electron transport layers (ETL) and hole transport layers (HTL) to the copper-doped CdS/CdTe solar cells. We obtained optimum results with titanium dioxide and copper barium thiostannate as ETL and HTL respectively. Finally, CdTe-based solar cells were modelled integrating copper-doped CdS as the buffer layers, TiO2 as ETL and CBTS as HTL respectively. The obtained experimental values of Cu-doped CdS and CdTe layers were implemented into this model. This superstrate configuration yielded impressive output parameters: open circuit voltage of 1.07 V, short-circuit current density of 29.32 mA cm−2, fill factor of 85.08 %, and efficiency of 26.67 %.
Indagando a aceleração da produção acadêmica com bom humor: Uma visão do sul [Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada]
Authors: Silva Daniel , Veras Viviane
Published: December 2024

Em nossa celebração dos 50 anos do International Journal of the Sociology of Language, sugerimos alguns caminhos alternativos à política de incomunicabilidade na comunicação científica denunciada, em 1989, por Wolfgang Klein. De modo bem humorado, Klein endereçou cientistas de língua alemã, apontando que políticas científicas e tecnologias produziam uma “aceleração unilateral da produção”. Isto é, ao passo que o regime de trabalho à época privilegiava a escrita, deixava pouco espaço para a leitura. Em nosso texto, apontamos para desigualdades que Klein não abordou, mas que intensificam esse cenário. Nossa perspectiva do sul global é um modo de questionar a hegemonia do inglês e o acesso pago à produção acadêmica.
An efficient ‘P1’ algorithm for dual mixed-integer least-squares problems with scalar real-valued parameters
Authors: Massarweh Lotfi , Teunissen Peter J. G.
Published: December 2024

In this contribution we consider mixed-integer least-squares problems, where the integer ambiguities

a
∈

Z
n

$a\in {\mathbb{Z}}^{n}$

and real-valued parameters

b
∈

R
p

$b\in {\mathbb{R}}^{p}$

are estimated. Both a primal and a dual formulation can be considered, with the latter concerning the ambiguity resolution process taking place into the parameters’ domain. We study the p = 1 case, where an ad hoc ‘P1’ algorithm is introduced, and some geometrical insights are provided. It is demonstrated how the algorithm’s complexity (i.e. number of candidate integer solutions to be evaluated) grows linearly with the ambiguity dimensionality n, differently from the primal formulation where an exponential growth is observed. By means of numerical simulations, here based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) models, we show the efficiency of this proposed ‘P1’ algorithm, meanwhile also demonstrating its quasi-optimal statistical performance.
Slur reclamation, irony, and resilience
Authors: Pavone Luigi
Published: December 2024

The process of slur reclamation is a linguistic phenomenon whereby members of a targeted group begin to employ their own slur as a means of self-labelling, expressing pride, fostering camaraderie, and reversing the derogatory perspective of the slur. This action is designed to deprive racist and bigoted institutions of a means of perpetuating social power imbalances. Some authors posit that slur reclamation entails a shift in meaning. The ambiguity thesis (AT) can be developed in a variety of ways depending on the semantic level at which the derogatory content is situated. However, AT is subject to a number of criticisms, including what has been termed Appropriation Worry (AW). This paper seeks to elucidate the semantic mechanisms of slur reclamation without recourse to AT. To do this, an imperative account of slurs is adopted, which will be termed warning theory of slurs (WT). This account proposes that reclaimed uses of slurs are expressions of irony and resilience.
Das Ausloten der Manifestierbarkeit der Organisation und das Potential des Latenten: Die historische Veränderung von Steuerungskonzepten in der Managementliteratur
Authors: v. Groddeck Victoria
Published: December 2024

Dieser Artikel untersucht, wie sich im Laufe der letzten hundert Jahre Vorstellungen der Organisationsgestaltung und -steuerung verändert haben und welche Rolle dabei die Unterscheidung von Informalität und Formalität spielt. Am Beispiel von Artikeln der Harvard Business Review (HBR) und der California Management Review (CMR), die auf ihre historische Veränderung von Managementsemantiken untersucht werden, lassen sich drei Phasen rekonstruieren, in denen jeweils unterschiedliche Steuerungskonzepte und ihre jeweiligen Bezugsprobleme sichtbar werden. Je plausibler die Idee ist, durch Organisation Zukunft beherrschen zu können, desto stärker wird Formalität markiert. Wird diese Vorstellung brüchig, gewinnt Informalität an Bedeutung. Wird die Vorstellung, Zukunft gestalten zu können, gänzlich als Anspruch fallen gelassen, wird die Unterscheidung von Formalität und Informalität durch die Betonung interaktionaler Settings symmetrisiert.
Effectiveness of aerobic exercise interventions on balance, gait, functional mobility and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: an umbrella review
Authors: Yildirim Mehmet C. , Ekici Hatice S. , Collins Jemima , Piasecki Jessica , Skelly Rob , Gordon Adam L. , Phillips Bethan E.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with increasing prevalence into older age. Aerobic exercise (AE) is the most commonly prescribed exercise for PD, although an optimal protocol is undefined. This umbrella review aimed to summarise and synthesize existent evidence regarding the effectiveness of AE on balance, gait, functional mobility, and QoL in people with PD.

Content

Six databases were searched for systematic reviews reporting the effects of AE on balance, gait, functional mobility, and QoL in people with PD from inception to June 2024. Quality of evidence was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. From 4182 records, 17 systematic reviews were included for qualitative analysis. Most (n=12) were rated as critically low for methodological quality, with four rated low and one high. Moderate intensity was the most commonly investigated AE intensity (n=4), although almost half of the reviews (n=8) did not report intensity. AE protocols lasted from 1 to 64 weeks and 1 to 7 days per week. Session length was between 20 and 120 minutes. Reported outcomes included gait (n=15), QoL (n=14), balance (n=12), and functional mobility (n=7). AE does improve aspects of gait, balance, and functional mobility in PD; however it does not appear to improve QoL.

Summary and Outlook

AE is recommended as part of rehabilitation for people with PD. However, research exploring the efficacy of AE assesses multiple modalities with varied protocols. Further research is needed to identify AE protocols that will best alleviate the symptoms of PD, providing an evidence base for effective clinical translation.
Lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Cai Han , Liu Dong , Xue Wei-Wei , Ma Liya , Xie Hai-Tao , Ning Ke
Published: December 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, resulting in symptoms such as tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and potential cognitive and affective disturbances. The effective delivery of pharmacological agents to the central nervous system is hindered by various factors, including the restrictive properties of the blood‒brain barrier and blood‒spinal cord barrier, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of the drugs. Traditional drug delivery methods may not provide the therapeutic concentrations necessary for functional restoration in PD patients. However, lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) offer new possibilities for enhancing the bioavailability of established treatment regimens and developing innovative therapies that can modify the course of the disease. This review provides a concise overview of recent advances in lipid-based NP strategies aimed at mitigating specific pathological mechanisms relevant to PD progression. This study also explores the potential applications of nanotechnological innovations in the development of advanced treatment modalities for individuals with PD.
On the structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of EuMg2X2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) zintl phase; A first principles investigations
Authors: Khan Sajid , Khan Dil Faraz , Al-Ammar Essam A. , Ullah Hayat , Usman Tariq , Murtaza Ghulam
Published: December 2024

The key solution to the now-a-days energy crisis is the conversion of waste heat into useful electrical energy. In this work, the structural, electronic, and thermoelectric characteristics of EuMg2X2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) zintl materials have been investigated comprehensively through first principles studies. Structural analysis shows that our measured values fit well with the previous available experimental data. Three potential functionals, PBE GGA, TB-mBJ, and hybrid functional (YS-PBE0), have been used to study the electronic behavior of the titled compounds. EuMg2X2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) reveal band gaps of 0.83 eV, 0.72 eV, 0.34 eV, and 0.41 eV, respectively, through hybrid functional (YS-PBE0). Density of states (DOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) studies reveals the role offered by different atomic orbitals in the formation of electronic band structures of the samples. Similarly, thermoelectric tone of the said compounds is calculated by virtue of BoltzTraP2 computational code. The ultralow thermal conductivity and optimum level of carriers’ concentration encompass these materials to be good thermoelectrics with better and reasonable thermoelectric efficiency (ZTe).
Multi-Objective Optimization of the Surface Grinding Process for Heat-Treated Steel
Authors: Nguyen Vi , Nguyen Duc , Do Duyen , Tran Thanh
Published: December 2024

This paper effectively integrates Taguchi, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) approaches for both single and multi-objective optimization, delivering low-cost, high-effectiveness solutions for grinding. It examines the effects of three factors—depth of cut in coarse grinding, depth of cut in fine grinding, and the number of spark-outs—on three objectives: surface roughness, grinding time, and the deviation between the desired and actual grinding depth for SKD61 steel. Through in-depth analysis, the paper describes the impact of these factors and their interactions with the responses. It also proposes the optimal parameter setup for each objective. The optimal grinding time is achieved at 950 seconds with a coarse grinding depth of 0.007 mm, fine grinding depth of 0.004 mm, and zero spark-out. The minimal deviation and surface roughness were obtained at 0 mm and 0.144 µm, respectively, using the optimal setup of a coarse grinding depth of 0.004 mm, fine grinding depth of 0.001 mm, and 10 spark-outs. By applying GA, the paper provides a Pareto solution set, offering multiple combinations of optimal factors for minimizing grinding time, deviation, and surface roughness. These solutions serve as useful references for users seeking the best trade-offs in multi-objective scenarios. This paper contributes to improving customer satisfaction by enhancing the quality and efficiency of the machining process while reducing production costs for grinding machines. Its methodology can also be applied to other optimization fields.
Metamodel-based Hybrid Parametric Optimization with Static Prototype Validation for a Six-Axle Wheel Load Cell Design
Authors: Delijaicov Sergio , Gouvêa Anderson Luiz Souza , Leonardi Fabrizio , Farias Adalto , Bordinassi Éd Cláudio
Published: December 2024

The accurate measurement of forces and torques acting on a vehicle’s chassis, originating from wheel-pavement interactions, is essential for optimizing suspension systems, axles, and other structural components. A critical challenge in optimizing wheel load cell (WLC) design is to enhance sensitivity without compromising mechanical robustness. To address this question, this study developed a six-axis load cell designed to decouple force and torque measurements, achieving high sensitivity and reliability. The objective was to design an optimized WLC for multi-axis force measurement by maximizing sensitivity through a metamodel-based hybrid optimization framework. The methodology began with a fractional factorial Design of Experiments (DOE) to identify key parameters affecting load cell sensitivity and to define the optimization search space. This was followed by a dual-step parametric optimization process, utilizing the finite element method (FEM) to evaluate load cell performance and an inner-point optimization algorithm for convergence. After completing the DOE and FEM stages, the load cell was physically constructed and calibrated using a universal testing machine MTS 810, where experimental data closely matched simulation results, validating the design’s effectiveness. The main findings indicate that the optimized load cell can reliably measure six components, with a sensitivity increase of 14% compared to conventional designs. Numerical results from FEM analyses showed stress levels at 215 MPa, displacements around 0.16 mm, and a first-mode vibration frequency of 1351 Hz, meeting all structural integrity and performance requirements. Calibration confirmed minimal cross-talk effects, supporting the robustness of the final design. The developed load cell met optimal design criteria, showing substantial improvements in sensitivity and accuracy over existing designs, with potential applications in automotive, aerospace, and engineering testing.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER DIVERSE PATIENTS: Effects of feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy on testicular function and reproductive capacity: review of data from clinical and experimental studies
Authors: Rodriguez-Wallberg Kenny A , Pfau Daniel R
Published: December 2024

In brief

Transgender, non-binary and gender-diverse patients utilizing feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) may experience reduced fertility, which is currently addressed through fertility preservation and treatment cessation. Experimental research with animal models may identify mechanisms involved in testicular function impairment, their severity and duration, and may help to inform patients about reproductive health decisions.

Feminizing GAHT may include combined estrogen, progesterone and/or antiandrogens (collectively referred to as E-GAHT) aiming to achieve individualized embodiment goals. This kind of treatment is highly desired, but it is expected to negatively impact the reproductive ability of transgender, non-binary and/or gender-diverse (TNG) individuals having testes, mainly by disrupting the biological pathways involved in spermatogenesis. There is little research on the impact of E-GAHT on the testis or on the potential recovery of spermatogenesis by stopping GAHT. Studies using animal models receiving GAHT are a novel promising method to help identify the reproductive pathways affected by GAHT and the degree of those effects. A literature search was performed to identify both clinical and experimental studies using rodent models applicable to the reproductive needs of E-GAHT users. We found large variability in clinical populations that has not been fully replicated in translational research. Furthermore, animal GAHT models have yet to be capitalized to examine fertility preservation. Some clinical studies indicated that sperm quality may be reduced in E-GAHT patients before initiating E-GAHT, which cannot be studied using GAHT-treated animals. As many TNG people of reproductive age may have the wish to create a future family, it is important to increase the knowledge that will inform and improve E-GAHT patients’ fertility preservation outcomes and reproductive health.
PP1γ1 is unable to substitute for the mammal-specific PP1γ2 isoform to support male fertility and sperm function
Authors: Dey Souvik , Nofal Wesam , Brothag Cameron , Kabi Mustfa , Khamamkar Aditi , Choudhari Neha , Vijayaraghavan Srinivasan
Published: December 2024

In brief

Protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma isoform 2 (PP1γ2) is a unique phosphatase expressed only in mammalian testes and sperm cells. The PP1γ2 isoform is indispensable for sperm motility and fertility and cannot be replaced by the PP1γ1 isoform for these functions.

The serine–threonine phosphatase has four paralogs – PP1α, PP1β, PP1γ1 and PP1γ2 – encoded by three genes, Ppp1ca, Ppp1cb and Ppp1cc. Protein phosphatase PP1γ2, one of two isoforms of the gene Ppp1cc, is expressed in spermatogenic cells in the testes and sperm, while PP1γ1 is found in somatic cells. The two PP1γ isoforms, formed by alternate splicing that occurs only in mammals, are identical except at their C-termini. Global or testis-specific knockout of Ppp1cc in mice results in male infertility due to disrupted spermiation and mid-to-late spermiogenesis. Transgenic expression of PP1γ2, driven by a testis-specific promoter in differentiating spermatogenic cells, rescues spermatogenesis and fertility in the Ppp1cc-null mice. Why PP1γ2 is essential and present only in mammalian sperm is a mystery. We have generated a knock-in mouse where the Ppp1cc gene is edited to express only PP1γ1. Spermatogenesis was normal in knock-in mice. Testis-expressed PP1γ1 in the knock-in mice and PP1γ2 in the wild-type mice were incorporated in equal amounts into sperm. Sperm bearing PP1γ1 have reduced flagellar beat amplitude and motility, and male mice were severely sub-fertile. Although in the wild-type mice, PP1γ2 is present in both the head and tail, in the knock-in mice, PP1γ1 is absent in sperm heads, leading to an altered intra-sperm protein phosphatase landscape. Phosphoproteomic analysis of sperm proteins suggested a plausible molecular basis for compromised PP1γ1 functions: it identified GSK3α, a known substrate of PP1, to be dysregulated in knock-in sperm. This study provides a preliminary explanation for the isoform-specific requirement of PP1γ2 for male fertility.
Indigno de ser humano: crónica de John Roach en Nicaragua
Authors: Valerio Arce Jose Pablo
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se estudia, desde la perspectiva de los estudios culturales, el texto Las sorprendentes aventuras de un marinero irlandés (1784), de John Roach. Así, se analiza la representación del indígena como sujeto. Para ello, se examina la construcción de los pobladores autóctonos de la costa caribeña nicaragüense según la visión del narrador colonizador. Además, se interpretan las diferentes manifestaciones de cultura popular por parte del sujeto colonial.
The Heredia Declaration: Principles on the use of Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Publishing
Authors: Penabad-Camacho Liana , Penabad-Camacho María Amalia , Mora-Campos Andrea , Cerdas-Vega Gerardo , Morales-López Yuri , Ulate-Segura Mónica , Méndez-Solano Andrea , Nova-Bustos Nidya , Vega-Solano María Fernanda , Castro-Solano María Milagro
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The Heredia Declaration proposes, from the perspective of scientific publishing, a series of considerations for the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) in research processes leading to scientific publication. The use of AI as a tool must be evidenced and transparent for a clear, traceable, and reproducible exercise of knowledge. Attention is drawn to the challenges of incorporating AI into scientific publishing in terms of the diversity of options, the need to prevent the spread of bias and misinformation, and the respect for intellectual property. Principles. Principles are organized into four groups: general, roles of authorship, peer review, and editing. They highlight the importance of using AI as a tool whose results are filtered by humans who, from an ethical and responsible perspective, transparently report which model was used, what was consulted, and when the inquiry took place. Final reflection. The article highlights that this is a constantly evolving scenario whose ultimate goal must be human well-being and quality of life.
Медична хімія у створенні та впровадженні в клінічну практику селективних мішень-орієнтованих лікарських засобів
Authors: Ларіонов Віталій Борисович
Published: December 2024

У доповіді наведено деякі найважливіші результати актуальних досліджень вчених Фізико-хімічного інституту ім. О.В. Богатського НАН України зі створення мішень-орієнтованих лікарських засобів. Запропоновані підходи та отримані результати є перспективними для цілеспрямованого пошуку й розроблення нових ефективних лікарських засобів, зокрема з використанням концепції полімодальності реалізації фармакологічного ефекту через рецептор-орієнтовані та рецептор-селективні механізми.
Напівпровідникові квантові точки: дослідження та застосування
Authors: Джаган Володимир Миколайович
Published: December 2024

У доповіді наведено результати проведених в Інституті фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України фундаментальних досліджень, спрямованих на синтез і вивчення властивостей квантових наноструктур, зокрема напівпровідникових квантових точок. Окрему увагу приділено реалізації значного потенціалу практичного застосування таких квантових наноструктур у сучасних нанотехнологіях та в оптоелектроніці.