bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Felodipine‐induced gingival hyperplasia: a clinical and histologic study
Authors: Lombardi Tommaso , Fiore‐Donno Giuseppe , Belser Urs , Di Felice Roberto
Published: April 2006

This paper reports, for the first time, gingival hyperplasia in a patient treated with felodipine, a drug which belongs to the group of calcium ion antagonists. The observed gingival overgrowth was most significant in the area of interdental papillae of the anterior region of the mouth. The described hyperplastic tissue was characterized by a firm and pale appearance, with a normally stippled pattern. Histopathologically, a conspicuous increase of fibrous connective tissue, as well as an inflammatory infiltrate and hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium were observed. Consequently, the present observation adds another drug to the list of substances capable to induce gingival hyperplasia.
Bone and cementum as stromal features in Pindborg tumor
Authors: Slootweg Pieter J
Published: April 2006

A case of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) occurring in the left mandible of a 50‐yr‐old man was characterized by the presence of large masses of calcified collagen. Calcified amyloid acted as the nucleus for the deposition of this material. Because of the close association between both types of calcified material, it is presumed that the calcified amyloid is an inductive stimulus for the stromal cells to differentiate towards production of a collagenous matrix destined to calcify and resembling cementum. The stromal component of CEOT thus seems to be just as odontogenic as the epithelium is.
Autoimmunity in periodontal disease
Authors: Anusaksathien O. , Dolby A. E.
Published: April 2006

Periodontal disease in characterized by the loss of the normal supporting tissues of the teeth and a humoral and cellular immune response to bacterial antigen of dental plaque which accumulates at the dento‐gingival junction. This review considers the evidence for the existence of an autoimmune component of the host immune response, the possible origin of such a response and the way in which such a host response may contribute to the changes observed in the periodontium in the disease.
Expression of mucin type carbohydrates may supplement histologic diagnosis in oral premalignant lesions
Authors: Bryne Magne , Reibel Jesper , Mandel Ulla , Dabelsteen Erik
Published: April 2006

Recent studies have shown that changes within membrane bound carbohydrates may be essential for cellular differentiation and malignant transformation. We have therefore, by means of immunohistochemistry, studied the expression of T/Tn related (Thomsen‐Friedenrich) carbohydrates in 13 oral lesions with squamous cell dysplasia. The epithelial grade of dysplasia was graded as mild, moderate or severe. The following carbohydrate structures were studied: Tn, T, mucintype 3 chain H, and the sialylated derivates. sialosyl‐Tn and sialosyl‐T. In general, short structures were detected on the basal cells and longer structures on the more mature spinous cells. In many cases, this sequential expression was more disturbed with increasing grade of epithelial dysplasia. However, our results also showed that some lesions with the same grade of epithelial dysplasia showed different carbohydrate expression. These findings indicate that expression of carbohydrates may supplement histologic diagnosis in the evaluation of the prognosis of premalignant lesions.
Mucoepidermoid tumors of salivary glands: histoprognostic value of NORs stained with AgNOR technique
Authors: Chomette G. , Auriol M. , Labrousse F. , Vaillant J. M.
Published: April 2006

A total of 31 patients surgically treated for salivary mucoepidermoid tumor had a comprehensive follow‐up. Two groups were classified as: 16 with favorable outcome (no recurrence or late recurrences at 5 yr postoperatively and still alive; 15 with poor outcome (local recurrences before 5 yr, metatases, lethal evolution in 11 cases). We evaluated nucleolar organizer in every case, using AgNOR count. The AgNOR count seemed better than histologic criteria for establishing the prognosis of mucoepidermoid tumors. It correlated significantly with the clinical course: a high count was principally found in lethal forms, low counts (less than 1.8) were always detected in patients with a good outcome.
Experimental epithelial dysplasia produced by excisional wounding and application of Trp‐P‐2 in the hamster tongue
Authors: Fujita Katsutoshi , Kameyama Yoichiro
Published: April 2006

All 10 groups of hamsters received excision of the tip of tongue. Subsequently, 3 groups in which tongues were treated with Trp‐P‐2 (3‐amino‐1‐methyl‐5H‐pyrido[4,3‐b] indole) and then again excised in their tips followed by no treatment or by additional applications of DMSO or Trp‐P‐2, showed moderate to severe epithelial dysplasia. One group in which tongues were not treated and then again excised followed by applications of Trp‐P‐2, exhibited very slight epithelial dysplasia. However, one group in which tongues were treated with DMSO and then again excised followed by additional applications of DMSO, did not show any pathological changes. The remaining 5 groups in which tongues were treated with DMSO or Trp‐P‐2 or received no treatment and then not excised followed by no treatment or by additional applications of DMSO or Trp‐P‐2, also did not show any pathologic changes. These results clearly indicated that Trp‐P‐2 treatment together with two times of excisional wounding could produce lingual epithelial dysplasia in hamsters.
Duct‐like structures in odontogenic epithelium of compound odontoma
Authors: Takeda Y.
Published: April 2006

During a histologic investigation of compound odontomas, numerous duct‐like structures scattered in odontogenic epithelia were found in 3 of 7 cases. The duct‐like lumina were 10 to 150 μm in diameter, and lined with eosinophilic, and relatively regular‐arranged epithelial cells which were cuboidal or flat in shape and which had a hyperchromatic nucleus, resulting in some resemblance to the small duct of excretory glands. Amorphous material stained palely with hematoxylin was present within the duct‐like lumina, but showed somewhat weaker reaction to mucous stainings. Mucous secreting cells could not be found in any odontogenic epithelia. Although no firm conclusion of histogenesis and pathologic significance of the duct‐like structure in odontogenic epithelium, the result of the present examination suggests that the odontogenic epithelial cells may have an ability to form duct‐like structure under the unknown condition.
The behavior of human ameloblastoma tissue in collagen matrix in vitro: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Yasuda Katsuhiro , Nakanishi Atsuhito , Satomura Kazuhito , Nagayama Masaru , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: April 2006

We investigated the three‐dimensional outgrowth of human ameloblastoma cells cultured in collagen matrix. Growth patterns of four cases of ameloblastoma resembled each other and was characterized by appeared duct‐like structures. Case 1 ameloblastoma was subcultured 3 times. Ameloblastoma tissues and cultured cells were stained with various lectins by avidin‐biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) staining methods. Both the tissues and cultured cells had the same receptors to Concanavalin ensiforme (Con A), Ricinus communis Agglutinin (RCA‐I) and Triticum vulgaris (WGA) but not to Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Ulex europacus (UEA‐1), Soybean (SBA) and Arachis hypogea (PNA). These findings indicated that the cultured cells examined in this study were ameloblastoma cells in origin.
Monoamine oxidase activity in rat and human odontoblasts: a microgasometric study
Authors: Pavlin Rudi , Košir Narcisa , Vidmar Vinko
Published: April 2006

The microgasometric method was used for determination of MAO activity in single odontoblasts isolated from rat and man. By using tyramine as a substrate, the presence of MAO in these cells was demonstrated. Both molecular forms of MAO, MAO A and MAO B, were found using specific inhibitors clorgyline and deprenyl.
Clinical classification of Swedish snuff dippers' lesions supported by histology
Authors: Andersson Gunilla , Axéll Tony , Larsson Åke
Published: April 2006

From a total material of 184 Swedish users of loose packed moist snuff and 68 users of portion‐bag packed moist snuff, cases were selected from subgroups based on a four‐point clinical grading scale. The selected material for the study comprised 70 cases (ten from each clinical grade group, no Degree 4 lesion was found among portion‐bag users). Features recognized in biopsies from these cases together with findings in previous studies correlated well with the use of a four‐point scale for the grading of clinical changes, especially in the context of discriminating lesions for which special efforts should be undertaken to make the Patient stop or change the snuff dipping habit and for selecting patients in whom regular clinical follow‐up including a biopsy should be carried out. In this article is also discussed the labeling of the clinical oral mucosal changes seen at the site where a quid of snuff is regularly placed. The conceptual use of “snuff dippers' lesions” is recommended instead of e.g. snuff‐induced leukoplakia.
Reversibility of snuff dippers' lesion in Swedish moist snuff users: a clinical and histologic follow‐up study
Authors: Larsson Åke , Axéll Tony , Andersson Gunilla
Published: April 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess possible reversibility of oral mucosal changes, associated with the use of Swedish moist snuff, after change of habit. Biopsies from a total material of 252 regular snuff users, 184 using loose snuff and 68 using portion‐bag packed snuff, were screened microscopically to identify histopathologic epithelial changes in addition to, or differing from, those generally seen as a result of snuff use. The main basis for selection of these variables were the criteria of epithelial dysplasia as defined by WHO and the eight histologic features, which have been reported to be the most important discriminators to separate cases with leukoplakia that subsequently developed carcinoma, from those that did not. Twenty‐nine subjects, 3 showing Degree 2 lesions, 21 Degree 3 lesions and 5 Degree 4 lesions, all of them loose snuff users were identified. All the 29 users were re‐examined clinically and histologically after 3–6 months. The rebiopsy was always secured from the same mucosal area as the original biopsy. At follow‐up, 20 subjects had either stopped their snuff habit or changed to portion‐bags and changed placement of the quid. All of them showed a healthy mucosa at the previous biopsy site and normal tissue in the histologic examination of the rebiopsies. Seven subjects had changed to portion‐bags and variably reduced their daily exposure to snuff. At follow‐up they presented with less pronounced clinical changes and the rebiopsies showed evidence of reduced epithelial changes. One major conclusion from this study is that tissue changes, clinically as well as histologically, are reversible following cessation of snuff habit. This statement is also valid for such parameters used to define dysplasia which may occasionally occur in snuff dipper's lesion.
Architectural organization of human oral epithelium as visualized by keratin staining pattern in tobacco‐associated leukoplakias
Authors: Reibel Jesper , Kenrad Birgit , Schwartz Ole
Published: April 2006

The keratin staining pattern in clinical normal buccal mucosa in smokers and non‐smokers and in tobacco‐associated leukoplakias histologically characterized by the chevron type of keratinization were studied. No differences in keratin staining pattern were found in normal buccal mucosa in smokers and non‐smokers. In the tobacco‐associated leukoplakias we found distinct differences in staining pattern between areas overlying connective tissue papillae and epithelial ridge areas indicating a lateral organization of oral epithelium related to the ridge system. It seems possible to explain this pattern in terms of current hypotheses of the proliferative conditions in squamous epithelia as previously studied in detail in the epidermis and tongue filiform papillae. We conclude, that our results confirm the presence of subpopulations of suprabasal and basal cells and support the presence of proliferative units in oral epithelium. Furthermore, smoking does not seem to influence the keratin staining pattern in clinically normal buccal mucosa.
Application of molecular techniques in the rapid diagnosis of EBV‐associated oral hairy leukoplakia
Authors: Cubie H. A. , Felix D. H. , Southam J. C. , Wray D.
Published: April 2006

A rapid method for the detection of EBV‐DNA in paraffin sections of lesions of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is described. The method makes use of advances in molecular technology, including the use of synthetic oligonucleotides with digoxigenin labelling in an in situ hybridisation (ISH) reaction, which can be completed in 24 h. Using this method, sections from 15 of 17 patients clinically diagnosed as having OHL contained readily detectable EBV‐DNA in small foci along the upper layers of the stratum spinosum. The sections examined from the two remaining patients appeared to be EBV‐DNA negative but both patients were on AZT therapy and one was in addition receiving acyclovir.
Factors associated with increased frequency of HIV‐related oral candidiasis
Authors: McCarthy Gillian M. , Mackie Iain D. , Koval John , Sandhu Harinder S. , Daley Thomas D.
Published: April 2006

HIV‐related oral candidiasis was investigated in 71 HIV‐seropositive patients who received interviews, oral examinations and hematologic investigation. Diagnosis of candidiasis was based on clinical signs and examination of PAS‐stained smears. The frequency of candidiasis was 24/71 (34%). The clinical presentations were pseudomembranous 8 (11%), erythematous 14 (20%), angular cheilitis 3 (4%). Twenty‐six patients (37%) had candidiasis or were receiving antifungal treatment for recurrent pseudomembranous type. Twelve of 13 (92%) patients with AIDS and 14/58 (24%) without AIDS were affected. Bivariate analyses showed significant associations with AIDS, the use of zidovudine, low T4‐count, xerostomia: marital status (sometime married), restricted performance status and age of >35 yr. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of xerostomia was an independent and statistically significant predictor of HIV‐related oral candidiasis. T4‐count and restricted performance status were the second and third most important predictors.
Hepatitis B vaccination and infection control practices of Jordanian clinical dental students
Authors: Scully Crispian , Bakaeen Ghazi , Levers Hugh
Published: April 2006

The knowledge of occupational hazards from blood‐borne viruses, and practices related to cross‐infection control were studied in Jordanian dental students. A survey in July 1990 showed that over 90% were aware of the existence of vaccines against hepatitis B virus and most appreciated the possible long‐term hepatic sequelae of hepatitis B virus infection. Nearly 50% had already been immunized against hepatitis B and a further 4% intended to be vaccinated. Autoclaves were used by more than 80% for the sterilization of dental instruments.
Recurrent oral condylomata acuminata and hairy leukoplakia: an early sign of myelodysplastic syndrome in an HIV‐seronegative patient
Authors: Ficarra Giuseppe , Miliani Anna , Adler‐Storthz Karen , Woods‐Francis Kendra , Del Mistro Annarosa , De Rossi Anita , Riccardi Rossella , Ravina Adriana , de Maio Enrichetta
Published: April 2006

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) has been observed in all risk groups seropositive for HIV infection. Recently, this lesion has also been described in HIV‐seronegative patients with immunosuppression of iatrogenic origin. We report on a HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 seronegative, heterosexual man affected by refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (myelodysplastic syndrome), who developed recurrent oral condylomata acuminata and OHL as an early clinical manifestation. The diagnosis of OHL was confirmed by identifying Epstein‐Barr viral particles by electron microscopy and by in situ DNA hybridization. HIV infection was ruled out using polymerase chain reaction and testing for HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 antibodies.
The origins of the human immunodeficiency viruses: an update
Authors: Smith A. J. , Walker D. M.
Published: April 2006

In 1981 a new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was first described. The disease has a 100% mortality rate and over 359,000 cases have been reported to the WHO from 162 countries. The WHO estimates that the cumulative global total of AIDS cases as of early 1991 is more than 1.5 million. The dental profession, in line with other health care professions, is involved with guiding rational efforts to stop transmission and with developing effective means of treatment and prevention. This paper reviews the nature of the virus, its possible origins, and the implications of such origins for treatment and prevention of the disease.
Toluidine blue and Lugol's iodine application in the assessment of oral malignant disease and lesions at risk of malignancy
Authors: Epstein Joel B. , Scully Crispian , Spinelli John
Published: April 2006

The purpose of the study was to determine if toluidine blue application and counter staining with Logul's iodine would aid in diagnosis of oral dysplastic or malignant lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were studied. Routine use of these tissue stains was found to be sensitive and specific. The use of stains provided better demarkation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and dysplastic changes and assisted in site selection for diagnostic biopsy. The use of toluidine blue and Lugol's iodine can assist in assessment of patients at risk of developing malignant disease and those with lesions that are clinically suspect of dysplasia or malignancy.
T‐lymphocyte subsets in oral mucosa of patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration
Authors: Pedersen Anne , Hougen Hans Petter , Kenrad Birgit
Published: April 2006

In the present study, the proportion of mononuclear cells and percentages of CD4+ (OKT4 +) and CD8+ (OKT8 +) were determined in clinically healthy buccal mucosa in patients with recurrent minor aphthous ulceration (RAU) (n=43) during active and inactive disease as compared with RAU‐free controls (n= 15). In lamina propria, the total number of mononuclear cells and subset percentages were determined histologically and immunohistochemically. Mono‐nuclear cell counts in patient specimens were significantly lower than in the control group. CD4+ percentages were not significantly different between controls and patients. CD8+ percentages of the patients were significantly increased during active RAU, but not during inactive RAU as compared with controls. In proportion to the total number of mononuclear cells, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts per 0.25 mm2 were significantly lower in the patients during both active and inactive disease as compared with controls. Thus, RAU seems characterized by reduced numbers of mononuclear cells, including T‐lymphocytopenia in the oral mucosa as such, features that appear more pronounced during active disease than during quiescence.
Distribution of adhesion receptors in recurrent oral ulcers
Authors: Häyrinen‐Immonen Ritva , Malmström Maria , Nordström Dan , Sorsa Timo , Konttinen Yrjö T.
Published: April 2006

When activated under physiologic or pathologic conditions leukocytes adhere to one another or to other cell types. Adhesion receptors mediate these interactions. In the study reported here, the distribution of the adhesion receptors LFA‐1 (CD1la/CD18), ICAM‐1 (CD54), CD2 and LFA‐3 (CD58) in recurrent oral ulcers (ROU) were studied. Nine tissue specimens from five female patients (mean age 33 yr, age range 21–40 yr) with ROU were studied using the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex (ABC) method. The main mononuclear cell infiltrations were in lamina propria (LP) and the epithelium next to the basement membrane (BM), laterally to the ulcers. In this area, ICAM‐1 was strongly expressed in capillaries and in postcapillary venules. LFA‐1, LFA‐3 and CD2 were expressed in 65±11%, 70±16% and 80±1%, respectively, of all mononuclear cells. The findings indicate that LFA‐1/ICAM‐1 and CD2/LFA‐3 interactions may play roles in cell to cell adhesion events in ROU.
Production of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (gelatinase/type IV collagenase) and 3 (stromelysin) by cultured oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kusukawa Jingo , Sasaguri Yasuyuki , Shima Ichiro , Kameyama Tadamitsu , Morimatsu Minoru
Published: April 2006

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are believed to play an important role in turner invasion and metastasis. MMPs have been identified as preforms of malignant tumor‐associated enzymes, such as procollagenase (proMMP‐1) of Mr= 53,000, progelatinase (proMMP‐2) of Mr= 72,000, proMMP‐9 of Mr= 92,000, and prostromelysin (proMMP‐3) of Mr= 59,000. Here we report that two cell lines of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC9 and SCC25) produce at least two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in zymogen form, which have been identified as proMMP‐2 and 3 by indirect immunofluorescence technique, immunoblot analysis, and gelatin‐substrate gel enzymography. Additionally, a 92‐kDa gelatinolytic metalloproteinase (proMMP‐9) was detected by gelatin‐substrate gel enzymography. We propose that the ability of these tumor cells to secrete MMPs plays an important role in the malignant behavior of oral squamous cell carcinomas.
Cytokeratins as epithelial differentiation markers in premalignant and malignant oral lesions
Authors: Heyden A. , Huitfeldt H. S. , Koppang H. S. , Thrane P. S. , Bryne M. , Brandtzaeg P.
Published: April 2006

The keratin expression pattern in oral stratified epithelium is related to the cellular differentiation level. The normal pattern shows the keratin pair K5 and K14 in the stratum basale whereas K1 and K10, or K4 and K13, are the two pairs associated with differentiating suprabasal cells. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to individual keratins (K10, K13 and K14) were used in a two‐color imnuinofluorescence staining method to study their coexpression in single cells. Altered keratin expression in premalignant and malignant lesions indicated abnormal differentiation. Monospecific keratin antibodies were suggested to be useful for evaluation of epithelial differentiation changes in oral dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas.
Distribution and phenotype of immune cells in normal human gingiva: active immune response versus unresponsiveness
Authors: Colasante A. , Rosini S. , Piattelli A. , Artese L. , Aiello F. B. , Musiani P.
Published: April 2006

The oral cavity, and particularly the gingival mucosa, is continuously exposed to numerous food and bacterial plaque antigens, though evident immunologic reactions are uncommon. It is therefore possible that the mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of this region is preferentially biased towards unresponsiveness, rather than immune cell activation. The distribution and phenotype of immune cells in normal human gingiva were examined. Their distribution varied, and high and low cellularity areas could be distinguished in the same specimen. The number of CD3 positive (CD3+) T lymphocytes was more than thrice higher in a high cellularity area. In both types of area, intraepithelial T lymphocytes were not activated. Moreover, they showed chromatin condensation and cell shrinkage characteristic of apoptosis. In the stroma of high cellularity areas, foci of cell activation and numerous B cells were present, suggesting a localized active immune response. The vast majority of intraepithelial and stromal T lymphocytes expressed the “memory” CD45RO+ phenotype. The absence of an immune response within the epithelium and the localized response in the stroma (probably due to the binding of memory T cells to antigens in a low affinity, cross‐reactive fashion) may be a part of a protective mechanism against indiscriminate stimulation by a multitude of external antigens.
Increased production of tumour necrosis factor by peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with recurrent oral aphthous ulceration
Authors: Taylor Lisa J. , Bagg Jeremy , Walker D. Murray , Peters Timothy J.
Published: April 2006

Much evidence suggests that recurrent oral aphthous ulceration (RAU) is an immunologically mediated disease. Tumour necrosis factor has multiple biologic properties, some of which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of RAU. This study has assessed its production by peripheral blood leukocytes from aphthous patients in active and remission phases of disease and from patients with non‐aphthous ulceration (diseased controls). Each ulcer patient was studied in parallel with a matched healthy control volunteer. A bioassay against the standard mouse fibrosarcoma line, L929, was used to assess the levels of tumour necrosis factor‐a (TNF). Significantly greater amounts of TNF were released from unstimulated monocyle‐enriched and monocyte‐depleted leukocyte fractions in active RAU compared with those from healthy control donors, suggesting that this cytokine may be associated with RAU.
Immunoglobulin G subclasses in recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Porter S. R. , Scully C. , Bowden J.
Published: April 2006

Serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses were examined in 71 adult patients with minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (MiRAS). Seven patients (10%) had altered IgG subclasses: six had marginally raised IgG1 levels and one had a low level of IgG3. It is concluded that abnormalities of IgG subclass levels do not underlie MiRAS.
Quantitative evaluation of Langerhans cells in median rhomboid glossitis
Authors: Walsh Laurence J. , Cleveland Deborah B. , Cumming Christopher G.
Published: April 2006

Langerhans cells (LC) serve as antigen presenting cells and provide immune surveillance within epithelia. Since depression of LC number and/or function may allow tolerance to antigens, we evaluated LC in median rhomboid glossitis (MRG), a condition linked to persistent candidal infection of lingual mucosa. Material included a total of 36 cases of MRG (7 of which did not show PAS+fungi) and 6 controls. LC were identified by their expression of S‐100 and HLA‐DR antigens and quantified using image analysis. Equal numbers of LC were identified using S‐100+ and HLA‐DR+ markers. The density of LC (cells/mm of basement membrane, mean±SD) in both PAS+ MRG (2.6±1.3) and PAS‐MRG (3.0±1.7) was markedly depressed compared with controls (17.2±6.4), (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that the LC network is perturbed in MRG, and are consistent with the view that of localized defect in immune surveillance may contribute to persistent fungal infection of the oral mucosa.
Alterations in taste acuity associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Mattsson Torsten , Arvidson Kristina , Heimdahl Anders , Ljungman Per , Dahllof Göran , Ringdén Olle
Published: April 2006

Taste detection and recognition thresholds were monitored in 10 patients for up to 1 yr after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). As well as a control group of 12 healthy volunteers, taste acuity was tested in 10 patients, who had undergone BMT 2–5 yr previously. Immediately after transplantation, there was significant hypogeusia of all four taste modalities compared to registrations one week before the a plastic phase and also compared to the healthy control group. Although some normalization of taste thresholds was registered 3–6 months after transplantation, most subjects still experienced dysgeusia. Of the four taste modalities, the most frequently recorded change was a raised threshold for salt. In about 80% of the patients taste acuity had recovered to the control values one year after transplantation. The group tested 2–5 yr after BMT had normal values for taste acuity.
Odontogenic lesions in opercula of permanent molars delayed in eruption
Authors: Philipsen Hans Peter , Thosaporn Wacharaporn , Reichart Peter , Grundt Gerda
Published: April 2006

Opercula of permanent first and second molars delayed in eruption were investigated histologically to detect possible causes of eruption failure. The material comprised operation specimens from exposure of 74 non‐erupted molars in 63 young individuals (34 boys. 29 girls). Eighteen of the 74 specimens (or 24.3%) were diagnosed as “classical” odontogenic tumors belonging to the following entities: ameloblastic fibroma (seven), ameloblastic flbrodentinoma (six), ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma (four) and complex odontoma (one). Twenty‐two specimens (or 29.7%) showed a hitherto unrecognized odontogenic lesion of hamartomatous character, termed odontogenic giant cell fibromatosis IGCF). Thus, 54.1% of the specimens could be diagnosed as odontogenic tumors or humartomas. Histomorphologic changes could not be detected in the remaining 34 specimens (45.9%). Odontogenic tumors were associated with unerupted first molars much more frequently than with second molars (ratio 8:1). The OGCF had a strong association with unerupted mandibular molars. Further, opercula of mandibular first molars frequently revealed odontogenic lesions whereas tissue overlying the crown of unerupted maxillary second molars often was reported as normal operculum.
Odontogenic cysts of the anterior mandible of sheep
Authors: Gardner D. G.
Published: April 2006

Cysts of this site are quite common in mature ewes in New Zealand and the British Isles, although their true prevalence is not yet known. In most examples, an unerupted incisor is embedded in their wall but some do not contain a tooth. The cysts are lined by parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and generally exhibit a flat interface between the epithelium and the connective tissue. They may become secondarily infected, in which case they exhibit chronic inflammation. In some cases, foci of cementum are attached to the epithelial lining. When a tooth is involved, the cysts arise from various locations along its crown, which in sheep is normally covered by a thin layer of cementum. Some of these unerupted teeth exhibit irregular hypercementosis and/or external resorption which is repaired by cementum. In some examples there is a fistula between the cyst and the oral cavity, either through a deep periodontal pocket or from the incisal edge of the unerupted tooth piercing the overlying mucosa.
Phenotypic and functional analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in oral lichen planus
Authors: Sugerman P. B. , Voltz M. J. , Savage N. W. , Basford K. E. , Seymour G. J.
Published: April 2006

To assess cellular immunity in oral lichen planus (OLP), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 19 OLP patients and 30 control subjects. The proportions of circulating CD45RA+ and CD29+ lymphocyte subsets were determined. The proliferative activity of PBMC to the non‐specific plant mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) was examined together with the spontaneous proliferative response and the response in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). In the OLP group, the proportion of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes was significantly less than control subjects and the proportion of CD4+ CD29+ T lymphocytes was increased significantly. The proliferative response to PHA was similar in OLP and controls subjects. Con A‐stimulated PBMC proliferation was decreased significantly in the OLP group. Spontaneous PBMC proliferation in patients with non‐reticular lesions was significantly less than control subjects. Despite a mildly depressed response in the AMLR in OLP patients, this result was not statistically significant. Results of the phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes indicate a decreased proportion of naive T cells and an increased proportion of primed memory T cells, although the antigen specificity of these memory cells remains to be determined. Results of the functional assays would seem to reflect this phenotypic shift, and as T cells responding to Con A stimulation and in the AMLR possess suppressor‐inducer activity, these results may also suggest an association between OLP and defective innate T cell‐mediated suppressor circuits.
Rare expression of the c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein in salivary gland tumors: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Shrestha Prashanta , Huang Jian Wen , Tsujr Tatsuo , Shinozaki Fumihiko , Maeda Kanji , Sasaki Kohsuke , Ueno Kousaku , Yamada Kazuto , Mori Masahiko
Published: April 2006

An immunohistochemical study of c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein expression was carried out on 201 cases of primary salivary gland tumors, using a polyclonal antibody, raised to the intracytoplasmic domain of the c‐erbB‐2 oncogene product. An intense membrane reactivity was observed in one case of sialocarcinoma transformed from pleomorphic adenoma (n= 8) and one case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n= 22). A comparative histopathologic evaluation of c‐erbB‐2 positive tumors showed marked variation in cell size, nuclear pleomorphism, multinucleation, a high mitotic rate and increased lymphoid cell infiltration and an aggressive clinical course with poor survival. The results indicate that c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein is rarely expressed in malignant salivary gland tumors. However, the overexpression appears to have a distinct histopathologic feature, but a larger study incorporating histopathology and clinical data would be necessary to correlate the significance of c‐erbB‐2 oncogene product in salivary malignant tumors.
Expression of the CD54 (ICAM‐1) and CD11 a (LFA‐1) adhesion molecules in oral mucosal inflammation
Authors: Verdickt Gary M. , Savage Neil W. , Dodd Nicole M. , Walsh Laurence J.
Published: April 2006

Previous studies of chronic dermatoses have suggested that expression of the CD54 cell surface antigen (intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, ICAM‐1) by keratinocytes is a feature of chronic inflammation. However, whether such expression is a prerequisite for intraepithelial migration of lymphocytes is unclear. The present study evaluated the expression of CD54 and its ligand, CD1 la (lymphocyte function‐associated antigen, LFA‐1) in oral lesions of lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, secondary Sjögren's syndrome and traumatic ulceration using an immunoperoxidase technique. In 33 of 56 lesions examined, substantial numbers of CD1 la + cells were present within oral mucosal epithelium despite an absence of detectable keratinocyte CD54 antigen expression. Consequently, CD54/CD1 la adhesion interactions may not be critical in the initiation of oral mucosal inflammation.
Peripheral dentinogenic ghost cell tumor
Authors: Raubenheimer E. J. , van Heerden W. F. P. , Sitzmann F. , Heymer B.
Published: April 2006

A case of dentinogenic ghost cell tumor, that has originated peripherally in the jaw, is presented and the literature reviewed with particular reference to the origin of the tumor. The total number of central and peripheral cases reported in the English literature is 10 and although mucosal infiltration is common, peripheral origin of the neoplasm could be verified in only 3 cases.
Immunohistochemical localization of c‐myc oncogene product in oral papilloma
Authors: Satoh Masanobu , Sashima Mieko , Hatakeyama Setsuko , Yoshimura Noriko , Otsu Tadashi , Suzuki Atsumi
Published: April 2006

The expression of c‐myc oncogene products in oral papillomas was studied by using an immunohistochemical method. The oncogene products were detected in 17(70.8%) of the 24 oral papillomas under study. The expression of the products was evaluated, and the histologic localization in proliferating epithelial cells of the oral papillomas was determined. In the basal cell layer, the products were detected in the nuclei of 16 oral papillomas, and in the cytoplasm of 12 oral papillomas. In the nuclei of cells in the spinous cell layer, the products were detected in 4 oral papillomas, and in the cytoplasm of 13 oral papillomas. In the keratinized cells, the products were not detected in the nuclei, but they were identified in the cytoplasm of three oral papillomas. The results suggested that the c‐myc oncogene product might play an important role for proliferation and differentiation of the oral papilloma.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of enamel proteins in odontogenic tumors
Authors: Saku T. , Okabe H. , Shimokawa H.
Published: April 2006

Immunohistochemical localization of two enamel proteins, amelogenin and enamelin, in comparison with that of keratin, was determined in odontogenic tumors and the allied lesions in order to verify functional differentiation of the tumor cells as ameloblasts. Amelogenin and enamelin were demonstrated in small mineralized foci and in the tumor cells surrounding them in adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), and calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC). Hyaline droplets in AOT showed positive staining for both enamel proteins. These mineralized and hyaline materials were not positive for keratin, although tumor cells were positive. On the other hand, no immunoreaction for enamel proteins was obtained in ameloblastoima and odontogenic epithelial cell nests within myxoma and epulis. The results suggest that tumor cells of AOT and CEOT and lining epithelial cells of COC show ameloblastic differentiation in part, but that ameloblastoma cells do not attain functional matauration as secretory phase ameloblasts.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumorlike lesion in a male Wistar rat
Authors: Slootweg Pieter J. , Woutersen Ruud A. , Feron Victor J.
Published: April 2006

An odontogenic tumor in the maxilla of a male Wistar rat is described. The tumor consisted of large epithelial areas with peripheral palissading and with juxtaepithelial material resembling dentin. The neoplastic odontogenic epithelium seems capable of inducing peridental mesenchyme to form a kind of dental hard tissue normally not present at that site.
Effect of benzoyl peroxide on two‐stage oral carcinogenesis and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase in hamsters
Authors: Zhang L. , Mock D.
Published: April 2006

Hamster buccal pouches were treated with 7,l2‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) triweekly for 3 wk and subsequently with 40% benzoyl peroxide (BP) in actone for up to 27 wk. BP treatment resulted in a marked hyperplasiogenic effect and a weak tumor promoting effect. Whereas most carcinogens and tumor promoters induce gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity, BP diminished its activity as compared to controls. Comparable results have also been noted in the liver, where a group of newly isolated hepatocareinogens, peroxisome proliferators (PP), also characteristically deplete the GGT activity and placental glutathione S‐transferase (GST‐P), another tumor marker.
Oral‐dental findings in dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Yavuzyilmaz Ezel , Yamalik Nermin , Yetgirr Sevgi , Kansu Özden
Published: April 2006

A 13‐yr‐old girl with dyskeratosis congenita is presented. Besides oral leukoplakia and nail dystrophies, there was evidence of pancytopenia, growth retardation, alopecia, mental retardation and microcephaly. The oral findings included caries, gingival recession, short‐blunted roots, gingival bleeding, tooth mobility and severe alveolar bone loss resembling juvenile periodontitis.
Orofacial manifestations of the systemic mycoses
Authors: Scully Crispian , de Almeida Oslei Paes
Published: April 2006

Aspergillosis, cryptococcosis and zygomyacosis (muconnycosis) are overall the most common systemic mycoses but histoplasmosis is particularly endemic in parts of central USA and other areas worldwide. Orofacial lesions caused by systemic mycoses have rarely been reported in the past though they have been recorded particularly in outdoor workers from geographic areas with a high prevalence of infection and occasionally in immunocompromised individuals. Increasing worldwide travel, and the dramatic increase in numbers of immunocompromised persons, especially those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, have been responsible for an increase in reports and other studies of orofacial disease in systemic mycoses and new opportunists arc now being recognized. Those in Oral Medicine and Pathology must now be aware of the possibility of a systemic‐mycosis as the cause of chronic oral ulceration, chronic maxillary sinus infection, or bizarre mouth lesions, especially in patients with HIV disease, lymphoproliferative disorders, or diabetes mellitus, or in those who have been in endemic areas. Diagnosis and management should be undertaken in consultation with a physician with appropriate expertise, as pulmonary and other systemic infection may well be present. This paper reviews the eight main systemic mycoses.
HIV‐associated oral lesions; immunologic, virologic and salivary parameters
Authors: Barr Charles E. , Lopez Marta R. , Rua‐Dobles Ana , Miller Lorraine K. , Mathur‐Wagh Usha , Turgeon Livia R.
Published: April 2006

There are numerous reports of oral lesions in HIV‐infected individuals. However, few correlate the oral lesions with laboratory parameters. This study examined oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia, the two most common HIV‐associated oral lesions, in relation to T‐cell counts, p24 core antigen levels and salivary flow rates. Oral mucosal examinations, immunologic and virologic studies and stimulated whole and parotid saliva How rales were conducted on 135 (HIV+= 102, HIV‐ =33) homosexual or bisexual men. Results indicate that, among HIV‐infected subjects, the odds of having oral candidiasis is 6 times (95% CI = 0.6–56.6) greater for subjects with T4 counts between 200–399 per mm3, and 23 times (95% CI =2.8–193.0) greater for subjects with T4 counts less than 2007 mm1 compared to subjects with T4 counts of 400/mm3 or greater. Subjects had an equal likelihood of having hairy leukoplakia at different levels of immunocompetence. The prevalence of oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia was higher among subjects with infectious virus in their serum, but was only statistically significant for hairy leukoplakia (p=0.01).
The role of saliva in aggregation and adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tumber‐Saini S.K. , Habbick B.F. , Oles A.M. , Schaefer J.P. , Komiyama K.
Published: April 2006

The aggregation and adherence activity of P. aeruginosa, mediated by whole saliva from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and non‐CF subjects, was investigated. CF saliva‐mediated aggregation of P. aeruginosa was stronger than the activity of non‐CF saliva. Likewise, P. aeruginosa adherence to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) of CF patients was stronger than to BEC of non‐CF subjects. Adherence of non‐mucoid P. aeruginosa to BEC of CF patients was increased by saliva, whereas the mucoid variant was not. CF patients colonized with P. aeruginosa showed higher adherence of the non‐mucoid variant than non‐colonized CF patients. CF patients with high saliva‐mediated adherence of non‐mucoid P. aeruginosa also had high salivary aggregation activity. Increased CF saliva‐mediated aggregation activity may be linked to the increased non‐mucoid P. aeruginosa adherence to BEC of CF patients.
Oral carriage of yeasts, coliforms and staphylococci in patients with advanced malignant disease
Authors: Jobbins J. , Bagg J. , Parsons K. , Finlay I. , Addy M. , Newcombe R. G.
Published: April 2006

Many patients with advanced cancer have oral problems, some of which may have a microbiologic basis. The oral flora in such patients has not, however, been characterized. This study has assessed the prevalence of yeasts, coliforms and coagulasc positive staphylococci in the oral flora of 197 patients with advanced cancer. Both imprint cultures (n= 197) and oral rinses (n= 161) were collected. Yeasts were isolated from the mouths of 83% of the patients, coliforms from 49.1% and coagulase‐positive staphylococci from 28%. All these percentages are considerably in excess of reported levels for healthy individuals. The results indicate a loss of colonization resistance of the oral mucosa in terminal cancer, with potential implications for the development of mouth care regimes for such patients.
Primary malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland: a tumor of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi , Cheng Jun , Fujita Shuichi , Tsuda Nobuo , Tezuka Fumiaki , Liu Ai‐Ru , Okabe Haruo
Published: April 2006

The clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical features of 10 cases of the low‐grade mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of salivary glands are described. Although the initial histologic diagnosis in nine of these cases was myoepithelial sialadenitis, the diagnosis of primary salivary gland MALT lymphoma was based on the demonstration of light chain restriction and on morphologic characteristics. Histologic study showed a characteristic cytology, which included centocytoid cells (composed of small centrocytes and monocytoid B cells) and a varying degree of plasma cell differentiation; the occurrence of epithelial or acinar invasion by neoplastic centrocytoid cells; and the presence of reactive lymph follicles among the neoplastic cells. Furthermore, multinucleate giant cells resembling Warthin‐Finkeldey cells were detected in seven cases. In the light of these findings, cases previously diagnosed as myoepithelial sialadenitis require careful assessment and nine out of 32 cases are, in reality, examples of primary salivary gland MALT lymphomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin sections revealed the following characteristic immunophenotype of Malt lymphoma: L26, KiB3 and LN2 positive, and a monotypic immunoglobulin pattern (predominantly IgM/K). It was of interest that salivary gland parenchyma, infiltrated by neoplastic centrocytoid cells, reacted with LN3 for cells expressing human leukocyte antigen‐DR (HLA‐DR) antigens. Whereas salivary gland epithelia devoid of a neoplastic invasion were invariably negative for LN3. This suggests a lymphocyte‐mediated role in salivary epithelial HLA‐DR expression. It appears that HLA‐DR expression is an inducible phenomenon in MALT lymphomas of salivary gland.
Expression of p53 mutant nuclear phosphoprotein in oral carcinoma and potentially malignant oral lesions
Authors: Warnakulasuriya K. A. A. S. , Johnson N. W.
Published: April 2006

An immunohistochemical study of primary oral squamous cell carcinomas (n = 37) with a monoclonal antibody (PAb 1801) specific to p53 antioncogene product demonstrated nuclear overexpression of the mutant protein in 35% of cases. Those positive included carcinomas without deep invasion suggesting that p53 mutation may occur in the early stages of progression of a malignancy. This is supported by the observation that mutant protein was detectable in limited amounts in 2 cases of oral mucosal dysplasia (n= 12). None of the normal or reactive oral mucosal tissues (n= 17) were positive for p53. The presence or absence of p53 was not correlated with the site of the lesion or its degree of differentiation. Our data suggest that p53 gene mutations are commonly involved in oral cancer but are neither sufficient nor necessary for the development of malignancy. Nevertheless, as this mutation is the commonest genetic change described so far in cancers in white caucasoids, it is possible that its presence can be used as a marker of risk in a high proportion of malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions.
Ehlers Danlos syndrome type I with novel dental features
Authors: Pope F. M. , Komorowska A. , Lee K. W. , Speight P. , Zorawska H. , Ranta H. , Coonar H. S. , MacKenzie J. L.
Published: April 2006

The clinical, radiographic and histologic findings are described in two cases of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Type I with novel dental features. Defective dentinogenesis principally affecting the mandibular incisors result in aplasia or hypoplasia of root development predisposing to localized periodontal disease. A striking radiographic appearance with a bulbous enlargement of the roots together with pulp stones is seen in other teeth. ‘Giant channels’ and vascular inclusions resembling ‘intermediate cementum’ are prominent within this area. No evidence of Type III procollagen or collagen was detected with indirect immunofluorescence. It is suggested that an inherited collagen abnormality in a component common to dentin, skin, ligament and tendon probably explains both EDS I and the dentin dysplasia.