bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Utilization of Fine Steel Slag on Stabilizing High Plastic Subgrade Soil
Authors: Aldeeky Hussien , Al Hattamleh Omar
Published: January 2017

The three major steel manufacturing factories in Jordan dump their byproduct, steel slag, randomly in open areas, which causes many environmental hazardous problems. This study intended to explore the effectiveness of using fine steel slag aggregate (FSSA) in improving the geotechnical properties of high plastic subgrade soil. First soil and fine steel slag mechanical and engineering properties were evaluating. Then 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% dry weight of soil of fine steel slag (FSSA) were added and mixed into the prepared soil samples. The effectiveness of the FSSA was judged by the improvement in consistency limits, compaction, free swell, unconfined compression strength, and California bearing ratio (CBR). From the test results, it is observed that 20% FSSA additives will reduce plasticity index and free swell by 26.3% and 58.3%, respectively. Furthermore, 20% FSSA additives will increase the unconfined compressive strength, maximum dry density, and CBR value by 100%, 6.9%, and 154%. By conclusion FSSA had a positive effect on the geotechnical properties of the soil and it can be used as admixture in proving geotechnical characteristics of subgrade soil, not only solving the waste disposal problem.
RNA-Binding Protein Dnd1 Promotes Breast Cancer Apoptosis by Stabilizing the Bim mRNA in a miR-221 Binding Site
Authors: Cheng Feng , Pan Ying , Lu Yi-Min , Zhu Lei , Chen Shuzheng
Published: January 2017

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and miRNAs are capable of controlling processes in normal development and cancer. Both of them could determine RNA transcripts fate from synthesis to decay. One such RBP, Dead end (Dnd1), is essential for regulating germ-cell viability and suppresses the germ-cell tumors development, yet how it exerts its functions in breast cancer has remained unresolved. The level of Dnd1 was detected in 21 cancerous tissues paired with neighboring normal tissues by qRT-PCR. We further annotated TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) mRNA expression profiles and found that the expression of Dnd1 and Bim is positively correlated (p=0.04). Patients with higher Dnd1 expression level had longer overall survival (p=0.0014) by KM Plotter tool. Dnd1 knockdown in MCF-7 cells decreased Bim expression levels and inhibited apoptosis. While knockdown of Dnd1 promoted the decay of Bim mRNA 3′UTR, the stability of Bim-5′UTR was not affected. In addition, mutation of miR-221-binding site in Bim-3′UTR canceled the effect of Dnd1 on Bim mRNA. Knockdown of Dnd1 in MCF-7 cells confirmed that Dnd1 antagonized miR-221-inhibitory effects on Bim expression. Overall, our findings indicate that Dnd1 facilitates apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bim via its competitive combining with miR-221 in Bim-3′UTR. The new function of Dnd1 may contribute to a vital role in breast cancer development.
GA-DoSLD: Genetic Algorithm Based Denial-of-Sleep Attack Detection in WSN
Authors: Gunasekaran Mahalakshmi , Periakaruppan Subathra
Published: January 2017

Denial-of-sleep (DoSL) attack is a special category of denial-of-service attack that prevents the battery powered sensor nodes from going into the sleep mode, thus affecting the network performance. The existing schemes used for the DoSL attack detection do not provide an optimal energy conservation and key pairing operation. Hence, in this paper, an efficient Genetic Algorithm (GA) based denial-of-sleep attack detection (GA-DoSLD) algorithm is suggested for analyzing the misbehaviors of the nodes. The suggested algorithm implements a Modified-RSA (MRSA) algorithm in the base station (BS) for generating and distributing the key pair among the sensor nodes. Before sending/receiving the packets, the sensor nodes determine the optimal route using Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) protocol and then ensure the trustworthiness of the relay node using the fitness calculation. The crossover and mutation operations detect and analyze the methods that the attackers use for implementing the attack. On determining an attacker node, the BS broadcasts the blocked information to all the other sensor nodes in the network. Simulation results prove that the suggested algorithm is optimal compared to the existing algorithms such as X-MAC, ZKP, and TE2P schemes.
Assessment of School Readiness in Chronic Cholestatic Liver Disease: A Pilot Study Examining Children with and without Liver Transplantation
Authors: Gold Anna , Rogers Alaine , Cruchley Elizabeth , Rankin Stephanie , Parmar Arpita , Kamath Binita M. , Avitzur Yaron , Ng Vicky Lee
Published: January 2017

Background. Assessment of school readiness evaluates physical, social-emotional, and neuropsychological domains essential for educational success. Cognitive testing of preschool aged children with chronic liver disease may guide more timely interventions and focused efforts by health care providers. Patients and Methods. Children with chronic cholestatic liver disease diagnosed as an infant and still with their native liver (NL) and children who received a liver transplant (LT) before age of 2 years underwent testing with a battery of well-validated pediatric psychometric measures. Results. Eighteen (13 LT, 5 NL) patients (median age of 4.45 and 4.05 years, resp.) were tested. Median Full-Scale IQ was 98 (range 102–116) for LT and 116 [(range 90–106), p=0.35, NS] for NL subjects. LT recipients had significantly greater visual based difficulties, poorer caregiver rated daily living skills (p=0.04), and higher levels of executive function based difficulties (e.g., inattention, inhibition). Conclusion. This pilot study highlights the risk of neuropsychological difficulties in early school age children who were under 2 years of age at time of LT. Comprehensive early school age assessment should integrate psychometric measures to identify children at greatest risk, thus allowing for proactive educational intervention.
¿Régimen de renta atribuida o semi integrado?: Mayor complejidad y menor equidad
Authors: Lopez Fernando , Gonzalez Rene
Published: January 2017

La reforma tributaria de 2014 fue una de las principales iniciativas impulsadas por el Gobierno de la presidenta Michelle Bachelet. Los objetivos de esta medida eran aumentar la recaudación tributaria, avanzar en equidad tributaria mejorando la distribución del ingreso, introducir incentivos de ahorro e inversión, así como impulsar medidas para disminuir la evasión y elusión. Entre los principales elementos de esta reforma se encuentra la posibilidad de optar por dos regímenes de declaración de renta que entraron en vigencia a partir del 1 de enero de 2017: régimen de renta atribuida y régimen semi integrado. Este artículo analiza el aumento en la complejidad asociada a este nuevo esquema tributario y las dificultades que conlleva esta elección para pequeños y medianos empresarios. Se propone un periodo de marcha blanca y el desarrollo de herramientas que faciliten la comprensión de las implicancias económicas de la elección de régimen tributario para los contribuyentes.
Inflammasomes and Cancer
Authors: Karki Rajendra , Man Si Ming , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
Published: January 2017

Inflammation affects all stages of tumorigenesis. A key signaling pathway leading to acute and chronic inflammation is through activation of the caspase-1 inflammasome. Inflammasome complexes are assembled on activation of certain nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat–containing proteins (NLR), AIM2-like receptors, or pyrin. Of these, NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP6, and AIM2 influence the pathogenesis of cancer by modulating innate and adaptive immune responses, cell death, proliferation, and/or the gut microbiota. Activation of the inflammasome and IL18 signaling pathways is largely protective in colitis-associated colorectal cancer, whereas excessive inflammation driven by the inflammasome or the IL1 signaling pathways promotes breast cancer, fibrosarcoma, gastric carcinoma, and lung metastasis in a context-dependent manner. The clinical relevance of inflammasomes in multiple forms of cancer highlights their therapeutic promise as molecular targets. In this review, we explore the crossroads between inflammasomes and the development of various tumors and discuss possible therapeutic values in targeting the inflammasome for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(2); 94–99. ©2017 AACR.
Disappearing in the Night: An Overview on Trade and Legislation of Night Monkeys in South and Central America
Authors: Svensson Magdalena S. , Shanee Sam , Shanee Noga , Bannister Flavia B. , Cervera Laura , Donati Giuseppe , Huck Maren , Jerusalinsky Leandro , Juarez Cecilia P. , Maldonado Angela M. , Mollinedo Jesus Martinez , Méndez-Carvajal Pedro G. , Molina Argandoña Miguel A. , Mollo Vino Antonietta D. , Nekaris K.A.I. , Peck Mika , Rey-Goyeneche Jennifer , Spaan Denise , Nijman Vincent
Published: January 2017

The international trade in night monkeys (Aotus spp.), found throughout Central and South America, has been regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) since 1975. We present a quantitative analysis of this trade from all 9 range countries, over 4 decades, and compare domestic legislation to CITES regulations. Night monkeys were exported from 8 of the 9 habitat countries, totalling 5,968 live individuals and 7,098 specimens, with trade of live individuals declining over time. In terms of species, the most commonly traded was Aotus nancymaae (present in Brazil, Colombia, Peru) followed by A. vociferans (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) and A. zonalis (Colombia, Panama). There was no significant correlation between levels of trade and species' geographic range size or the number of countries in which a species occurs. Five countries have legislation that meets CITES requirements for implementation, whereas the other 4 countries' legislation showed deficiencies. Research conducted in Colombia, Peru, and Brazil suggests significant cross-border trade not captured in official international trade registers. Although international trade has diminished, current trends suggest that populations of rarer species may be under unsustainable pressure. Further research is needed to quantify real trade numbers occurring between habitat countries.
Docetaxel Retinopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Nghiem-Buffet Sylvia , Cohen Salomon Yves , Giocanti-Auregan Audrey
Published: January 2017

Background: To report the use of En-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a patient treated with docetaxel and tamoxifen for breast cancer for the detection of macular edema (ME) without evidence of leakage on fluorescein angiography (FA). Case Presentation: A 52-year-old woman treated for breast cancer presented with bilateral visual loss for 2 months. FA showed no significant leakage while spectral-domain OCT scans of both eyes showed foveolar and parafoveolar cystic spaces in a moderately thickened macula. En-face OCT segmented at the inner retina showed the petaloid arrangement of cystic cavities, comparable to a cystoid ME. Conclusions: The combined use of tamoxifen could have potentiated the toxic effect of docetaxel on the macula. En-face OCT images may reveal a petaloid aspect of the macula due to cysts in the inner retina segmentation, when FA shows no leakage.
Endometriose umbilical primária: relato de caso
Authors: Gutterres Diogo Barros , Fonseca Sávio Reis , Alves Junior Valdir Donizeti , Yuen Chan Tiel
Published: January 2017

Endometriose umbilical é uma condição rara, podendo ser primária (espontânea) ou secundária (após procedimentos cirúrgicos). Clinicamente, é um nódulo umbilical marrom-avermelhado, doloroso e de tamanho variável, com ou sem sangramento coincidindo ou não com o período menstrual. O objetivo do estudo é fornecer subsídios para o diagnóstico dessa patologia, além de revisar a literatura, atualizando os profissionais de saúde a respeito dos métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente que iniciou há 7 anos dor e sangramento na região umbilical concomitante ao período menstrual, diagnosticada clinicamente como endometriose umbilical. A biópsia confirmou a suspeita diagnóstica. O tratamento cirúrgico é terapêutico e diagnóstico. O diagnóstico diferencial se faz com melanoma, granuloma de corpo estranho e metástase de neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal.
The presence of the viola caipira in Kilza Setti’s Missa Caiçara: objective and subjective aspects
Authors: Silva Eliana Monteiro
Published: January 2017

Este artigo analisa a Missa Caiçara da compositora brasileira Kilza Setti, enfocando sua escolha de incluir a viola caipira entre os instrumentos frequentemente utilizados neste gênero musical. São discutidos alguns aspectos objetivos e subjetivos do processo composicional da obra, com objetivo de esclarecer os procedimentos técnicos e estilísticos usados por sua autora. Entre os aspectos objetivos encontra-se o emprego de elementos musicais específicos encontrados na música das comunidades de pescadores, como acordes rasqueados da viola caipira e motivos rítmicos derivados do fandango português. Em caráter mais subjetivo Kilza presta homenagem a São Gonçalo, santo louvado pela comunidade pesqueira pela proteção a mulheres inférteis e prostitutas, citando uma melodia tradicionalmente cantada em suas festas. Devido à pequena quantidade de trabalhos existentes sobre a Missa Caiçara de Kilza Setti, as principais fontes utilizadas foram uma entrevista realizada com a compositora em 2016, sua pesquisa de Doutorado acerca da música das comunidades caiçaras e a Dissertação de Mestrado de José Luiz Chamorro Ribalta sobre a peça, além da partitura e gravação da música em questão.
Cinco notas sobre a música e os instrumentos musicais populares em Portugal
Authors: Morais Domingos A.R.
Published: January 2017

Music and popular Portuguese musical instruments, as we know them today, are the result of a long process In which multiple contributions and influences took place. Musical instruments are, along with the oral tradition, a one of the most fascinating aspects of the traits and marks that the travels of the Portuguese spread throughout the five continents. In five Notes, designed for those who wish to know the Music of the Portuguese people, we try to find meaning in what sometimes it seems disconnected, the result of chance and hazard. But in what we recognize the will of the communities and the persistence in the transmission even when in counter-current of secular and religious powers.
A trajetória do violeiro Tião Carreiro: das primeiras duplas ao sucesso do criador do rei do Pagode
Authors: Amaral João Paulo
Published: January 2017

Esse trabalho traz um resumo da trajetória do cantor, compositore violeiro Tião Carreiro (José Dias Nunes, 1934-1993). Por meio daanálise musical de sua extensa discografia e da pesquisa de suabiografia desde o início da carreira até sua inserção e repercussãono segmento sertanejo nas décadas de cinquenta, sessenta, setentae oitenta, procuramos entender em que medida o artista utilizou asmatrizes, os gêneros e linguagens caipiras tradicionais, e de queforma os conciliou com outras tendências e gêneros relacionados aosinteresses do mercado e da indústria fonográfica.
Lifestyle Factors and Early Clinical Outcome in Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Ingeman Annette , Andersen Grethe , Thomsen Reimar W. , Hundborg Heidi H. , Rasmussen Henrik H. , Johnsen Søren P.
Published: January 2017

Background and Purpose—

We examined the associations of individual and combined lifestyle factors with early adverse stroke outcomes.

Methods—

A total of 82 597 patients were identified from nationwide registries. Lifestyle factors at the time of stroke admission included body mass index (kg/m
2
), smoking habits, and alcohol intake, which were grouped (healthy, moderately healthy, moderately unhealthy, and unhealthy). The associations between lifestyle and outcomes were examined using multivariable regression.

Results—

A total of 18.3% had a severe stroke, 7.8% pneumonia, 12.5% urinary tract infection, and 9.9% died within 30 days. The association between lifestyle, stroke severity, and mortality, respectively, differed according to sex. Unhealthy lifestyle was associated with lower risk of severe stroke (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.84) and 30-day mortality among men (adjusted OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58–0.87), but not among women (severe stroke: adjusted OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.85–1.55, and mortality: adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.90–1.99). No sex differences were found for pneumonia and urinary tract infection. Unhealthy lifestyle was not associated with a statistically significant increased risk of developing in-hospital pneumonia (adjusted OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.98–1.73) or urinary tract infection (adjusted OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.72–1.33). Underweight was associated with a higher 30-day mortality (men: adjusted OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.50–1.96, and women: adjusted OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.34–1.60).

Conclusions—

Healthy lifestyle was not associated with a lower risk of adverse stroke outcomes, in particularly among men. However, underweight may be a particular concern being associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes among both sexes.
Unifying Adversarial Training Algorithms with Data Gradient Regularization
Authors: Ororbia II Alexander G. , Kifer Daniel , Giles C. Lee
Published: January 2017

Many previous proposals for adversarial training of deep neural nets have included directly modifying the gradient, training on a mix of original and adversarial examples, using contractive penalties, and approximately optimizing constrained adversarial objective functions. In this article, we show that these proposals are actually all instances of optimizing a general, regularized objective we call DataGrad. Our proposed DataGrad framework, which can be viewed as a deep extension of the layerwise contractive autoencoder penalty, cleanly simplifies prior work and easily allows extensions such as adversarial training with multitask cues. In our experiments, we find that the deep gradient regularization of DataGrad (which also has L1 and L2 flavors of regularization) outperforms alternative forms of regularization, including classical L1, L2, and multitask, on both the original data set and adversarial sets. Furthermore, we find that combining multitask optimization with DataGrad adversarial training results in the most robust performance.
Semisupervised, Multilabel, Multi-Instance Learning for Structured Data
Authors: Soleimani Hossein , Miller David J.
Published: January 2017

Many classification tasks require both labeling objects and determining label associations for parts of each object. Example applications include labeling segments of images or determining relevant parts of a text document when the training labels are available only at the image or document level. This task is usually referred to as multi-instance (MI) learning, where the learner typically receives a collection of labeled (or sometimes unlabeled) bags, each containing several segments (instances). We propose a semisupervised MI learning method for multilabel classification. Most MI learning methods treat instances in each bag as independent and identically distributed samples. However, in many practical applications, instances are related to each other and should not be considered independent. Our model discovers a latent low-dimensional space that captures structure within each bag. Further, unlike many other MI learning methods, which are primarily developed for binary classification, we model multiple classes jointly, thus also capturing possible dependencies between different classes. We develop our model within a semisupervised framework, which leverages both labeled and, typically, a larger set of unlabeled bags for training. We develop several efficient inference methods for our model. We first introduce a Markov chain Monte Carlo method for inference, which can handle arbitrary relations between bag labels and instance labels, including the standard hard-max MI assumption. We also develop an extension of our model that uses stochastic variational Bayes methods for inference, and thus scales better to massive data sets. Experiments show that our approach outperforms several MI learning and standard classification methods on both bag-level and instance-level label prediction. All code for replicating our experiments is available from https://github.com/hsoleimani/MLTM .
Molecular and morphological characterisation of Ditylenchus persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Kermanshah province, western Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Castillo Pablo , Palomares-Rius Juan E.
Published: January 2017

A new species of the genusDitylenchus,D.persicusn. sp., was collected around the roots of grapevine and is described and illustrated herein based on morphological and molecular studies. The new species is characterised by a body length of 783 (635-928) μm and 689 (670-715)μm in female and male, respectively, delicate stylet 6.2 (5.0-7.0)μm long, six lines in the lateral field, median bulb of pharynx well developed, muscular with crescentic valve, basal pharyngeal bulb pyriform with 10 (8-13)μm long stem extending into intestine, post-vulval uterine sac relatively short, 16 (14-18)μm long, female and male tail elongate-conoid with finely rounded terminus, and bursa covering 65-80% of male tail length. Morphologically,D.persicusn. sp. appears closer to five known species of the genus, namely:D.arachis,D.caudatus,D.clarus,D.myceliophagusandD. nanus. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of D2-D3 expansion region of 28S rRNA, ITS and partial 18S rRNA genes confirmed the close molecular relationship betweenD.persicusn. sp. and otherDitylenchusspecies such asD. myceliophagus,D. africanus,D. arachis,D. destructorandD. halictus.
Effect of Heterodera glycines and soil chemical and biological cultivation factors on the yield of green soybean grown in a glasshouse in Japan
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Toyota Koki , Li Zhen Guang
Published: January 2017

Yellowing symptoms sometimes cause yield losses in green soybean cultivation. The objective of this study was to estimate the yield loss factors in a glasshouse. The parameters evaluated were plant-parasitic nematodes (Heterodera glycines, Pratylenchus penetrans, Meloidogyne spp.) and soil chemical properties. While the density of H. glycines did not show a negative correlation with yield in the February planting date, it showed a strongly negative correlation in the March planting date. Multiple regression analysis showed that yield was significantly correlated with P. penetrans and nitrate in the February planting, and with H. glycines and K in the March planting. The present study revealed that yield loss was caused by P. penetrans and nitrate in seasons with unsuitable temperatures for H. glycines hatch, and by H. glycines and alleviated by K in seasons with optimum temperatures for H. glycines hatching.
Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhão State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records
Authors: DESIDÉRIO GLEISON ROBSON , BARCELOS-SILVA PATRIK , DE SOUZA WAGNER RAFAEL M. , PES ANA MARIA , AZEVÊDO CARLOS AUGUSTO S. DE
Published: January 2017

In order to improve knowledge of Trichoptera diversity in Northeast Region, Brazil, we present here the first checklist of caddisflies from Maranhão State with a description of a new species and geographical records for the Northeast Region and for all of Brazil. Collections were made in 16 sites distributed in three municipalities of Maranhão State. A total of 54 caddisflies species, 26 genera and 10 families were recorded, including one new species of Leptoceridae, Triplectides maranhensis sp. nov., which is described and illustrated. All species listed here are recorded for the first time for the state, 23 of which are new records for the Northeast Region, as well as five new species for Brazil. These results increase the number of species reported from the Northeast Region from 167 to 221.
On the mammals collected by Friedrich Sellow in Brazil and Uruguay (1814–1831), with special reference to the types and their provenance
Authors: GARBINO GUILHERME S. T. , NOGUEIRA MARCELO R.
Published: January 2017

From 1814 to 1831, the Prussian naturalist Friedrich Sellow collected 263 mammals in Brazil and Uruguay. Upon receiving the specimens, the curator of the Berlin Zoological Museum, Martin Lichtenstein, removed the original labels and replaced with ones containing more generalized locations. As a consequence, several type specimens have now dubious type localities. We examined these types as well as geographically restricted mammals collected by Sellow. In some cases, there are inconsistencies between the specimen label and the collection catalog regarding the collecting locality. We conclude that the locality information on the lectotype of the tent-making bat Uroderma bilobatum is mistakenly identified, and therefore, we restrict it to “eastern Brazil”. We designate a lectoype for Azara’s agouti, Dasyprocta azarae, and restrict its type locality to the region travelled by Sellow in São Paulo. Although there are no recent records of the woolly giant rat, Kunsia tomentosus, from its type locality, the species may have been recently extirpated from the area. Two primate specimens supposedly collected by Sellow, a silvery marmoset, Mico argentatus, and a black tamarin, Saguinus niger, occur only in the Amazonia of northern Brazil, outside the route travelled by the naturalist, and are more likely to have been collected by Sieber. Our investigations stress the importance of collecting vouchers for verifying species occurrence records and establishing a solid taxonomy.
A new tropical montane firefly genus and species, active during winter and endemic to the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Authors: SILVEIRA LUIZ FELIPE LIMA DA , MERMUDES JOSÉ RICARDO MIRAS
Published: January 2017

Here we describe Araucariocladus hiems gen. et sp. nov. (Lampyridae: Amydetinae), a firefly species endemic to high montane forests, and occurring during June, a relatively cool and dry month in the Southeastern Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. We tentatively place it in Psilocladina McDermott, and discuss the limitations of its classification. We also provide illustrations of key structural features of the new taxa and discuss its affinities.
On the Processes Leading to the Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Megi (2010)
Authors: Chang Chuan-Chieh , Wu Chun-Chieh
Published: January 2017

The processes leading to the rapid intensification (RI) of Typhoon Megi (2010) are explored with a convection-permitting full-physics model and a sensitivity experiment using a different microphysical scheme. It is found that the temporary active convection, gradually strengthened primary circulation, and a warm core developing at midlevels tend to serve as precursors to RI. The potential vorticity (PV) budget and Sawyer–Eliassen model are utilized to examine the causes and effects of those precursors. Results show that the secondary circulation, triggered by the latent heat associated with active convection, acts to strengthen the mid- to upper-level primary circulation by transporting the larger momentum toward the upper layers. The increased inertial stability at mid- to upper levels not only increases the heating efficiency but also prevents the warm-core structure from being disrupted by the ventilation effect. The warming above 5 km effectively lowers the surface pressure.

It is identified that the strong secondary circulation helps to accomplish the midlevel warming within the eye. The results based on potential temperature (θ) budget suggest that the mean subsidence associated with detrainment of active convection is the major process contributing to the formation of a midlevel warm core. On the possible causes triggering the inner-core active convection, it is suggested that the gradually increased vortex-scale surface enthalpy flux has a leading role in the development of vigorous convection. The results also highlight the potentially dominant role of weak to moderate convection in the onset of RI, while the convective bursts play a supporting role. Based on the aforementioned analyses, a schematic diagram is shown to describe the plausible path leading to RI.
A PDF-Based Parameterization of Subgrid-Scale Hydrometeor Transport in Deep Convection
Authors: Wong May , Ovchinnikov Mikhail
Published: January 2017

A parameterization scheme is proposed for the subgrid-scale transport of hydrometeors in an assumed probability density function (PDF) scheme. Joint distributions of vertical velocity and hydrometeor mixing ratios are typically unknown, but marginal (1D) PDFs of these variables are available. The parameterization is developed using high-resolution simulations of continental and tropical deep convection. A 3D cloud-resolving model (CRM) providing benchmark solutions has a horizontal grid spacing of 250 m and employs the Morrison microphysics scheme, which treats prognostically mass and number mixing ratios for four types of precipitating hydrometeors (rain, graupel, snow, and ice) as well as cloud droplet number mixing ratio. The subgrid-scale hydrometeor transport scheme assumes input given in the form of marginal PDFs of vertical velocity and hydrometeor mixing ratios; in this study, these marginal distributions are provided by the cloud-resolving model. Conditional sampling and scaling are then applied to the marginal distributions to account for subplume correlations. The parameterized fluxes tested for four episodes of deep convection show good agreement with benchmark fluxes computed directly from the CRM output. The results demonstrate the potential use of the subgrid-scale hydrometeor transport scheme in an assumed PDF scheme to parameterize the covariances of vertical velocity and hydrometeor mixing ratios.
Using Polynomial Regression in Designing the Time Filters for the Leapfrog Time-Stepping Scheme
Authors: Yazgi Daniel , Mohebalhojeh Ali R. , Ghader Sarmad
Published: January 2017

A general framework is presented based on the least squares polynomial regression to design time filters for the leapfrog time-stepping scheme with required amplitude and phase properties. The well-known Robert–Asselin filter and its modification, the Robert–Asselin–Williams filter, are obtained using the zeroth-degree and first-degree polynomial regression, respectively. It is shown that using the second-degree polynomial regression, one can achieve seventh-order amplitude accuracy with only four time levels. In addition, the designed filter exhibits promising results when used with a semi-implicit time-stepping scheme.
The Primal Scene: Variations on a Theme
Authors: Knafo Danielle , Feiner Kenneth
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this paper is to clarify and enrich the concept of the primal scene. A critical review of the literature highlights the major questions and controversies that have arisen in relation to the concept. The authors propose that multiple and shifting identificatory positions can be discerned in primal scene configurations. Primal scene experiences and fantasies are viewed as a blueprint for internalized object relationships. Both traumatic and adaptive consequences of primal scene fantasies and exposure are noted. A case illustration exemplifies primal scene trauma resulting from chronic exposure and illustrates the analysand's internalized multiple and shifting identifications which became embedded in the transference relationship.
Does Parole Work? A Post-Release Comparison of Reconviction Rates for Paroled and Non-Paroled Prisoners
Authors: Ellis Tom , Marshall Peter
Published: January 2017

The question “Does parole work?” remains unanswered, as evidenced by moves to abolish or limit it in various jurisdictions. For example, England and Wales has legislation on its statute books which to all intents and purposes abolishes parole. Antipodean jurisdictions have also considered this. Although to date none has yet abolished it, discretionary early release regularly comes under critical scrutiny. This paper attempts to add to the relatively limited literature addressing the question. It reports on a sophisticated analysis of data on prisoners released in England and Wales, to determine whether there is any reduction in recidivism which can be ascribed to the process of release on parole. It finds a small, but consistent, effect in favour of parole, on a number of outcome measures.
Le psychologique et le religieux
Authors: Morin Marie-Line
Published: January 2017

Depuis Freud, les recherches psychologiques se sont développées en écartant des concepts nécessaires à la reconnaissance de l'interpénétration du psychologique et du religieux dans la dynamique des personnes. L'étude des questions religieuses oblige donc à un dépassement quant aux présupposés philosophiques et méthodologiques de ces recherches. Ce dépassement, l'auteure propose de le faire en référant à l'approche expérientielle phénoménologico-ontologique élaborée par J. Croteau (1981) comme arrière-fond scientifico-philosophique dans lequel peuvent s'inscrire les concepts de l'être et de volonté et leur rôle dans le développement de la personnalité. Elle propose alors d'articuler le rapport du psychologique et du religieux en référant aux concepts de base du modèle de la Valeur fondamentale d'Yvon Saint-Arnaud, sous l'angle de la dynamique psychospirituelle ou psychoreligieuse des personnes.
Messianic optics: Elective affinities between the messianisms of Walter Benjamin and Jürgen Moltmann
Authors: Zathureczky Kornél
Published: January 2017

This paper is a rereading of Jürgen Moltmann's theology of the cross through the messianic optics provided by Walter Benjamin's philosophy of language and aesthetic theory. This reading is a simultaneous retrieval of the apophatic dimension of Moltmann's early thought and a critique of his turn to overly positive theological language. By relying on Benjamin's conception of the transcendent which localizes the infinite in the "denied" of language, within the "speechlessness of things," the body of Christ is reconceived as a cipher of the transcendent within transience and decay. It is shown that Moltmann's Trinitarian theology originates in the concrete suffering experienced by this particular body and a retrieval of this origin is necessary to recover the messianic base of Christian predication of God.
The Study of Current European Integration Problems: A Discussion of the Neo-Functionalist Approach with Special Emphasis on So-Called ‘Functional Linkages’
Authors: Sæter Martin
Published: January 2017

Functionalist analysis of integration processes requires some prior definition of aim, i.e. some goal conceptualization. There is at present great uncertainty over the question of European integration, causing some of the most prominent theoreticians to abandon the functionalist approach. The author argues that, although the simple federalist or supranational model no longer seems valid, functionalist analysis can still be used in a fruitful way, provided that the goal conceptualization is continually readjusted, on an empirical basis, to the actual integration policies of the actors implied. This readjustment of analytical model to observable reality can be secured by focusing on the so-called ‘functional linkages’, i.e. the different factors that lead the actors in the direction of realizing a given goal conception. The author then goes on to describe empirically what he regards as the most important functional linkages in the EC process of today.
Impact of Globalisation on the Marine Exports of India
Authors: Bhatta Ramachandra
Published: January 2017

Marine fisheries are fast becoming an attractive and highly globalised sector of the world economy. The marine fisheries sector in India has grown from its subsistence level during the early 1950s to a major industry with a gross capital investment of around 42 mn. at 1995 price level. The paper makes an attempt to establish the growing potential exists in this sector and how this sector can be harnessed properly to raise its own marine exports. It suggests that countries like South East Asia and Middle East once accounted for negligible share of India's marine exports are emerging as major markets for marine products. Lastly, the paper provides some policy analysis and implications relating to this sector.
Using American Trade Shows to Access the US Market
Authors: Khera Inder P.
Published: January 2017

US trade shows are often a quick and easy way to enter its distribution system. While domestic marketers usually take full advantage of the numerous trade shows, foreign.firms are often unfamiliar with available shows and the quick and relatively easy access such shows provide to the US market. Since trade shows in other parts of the world differ significantly from their US counterparts, even the firms that know about trade shows, are often unsure of how to use American shows to their best advantage.

This paper discusses the pervasiveness and nature of American trade shows, describes their important elements, and provides information about trade shows as a unique market access channel. Guidelines for selecting appropriate trade shows, the process of trade show planning, conducting successful trade show exhibits, and appropriate follow-up are provided. An overall plan to successfully reach the US market via trade shows is provided
An Econometric Modelling of Trade Flows between SAARC and ASEAN
Authors: Sarkar Amal
Published: January 2017

Foreign trade plays an important role in the economic development and growth of a country. The SAARC region is not exception to the rule. There are reasons for limited market in future for the SAA RC countries. They must find new markets for their exports. ASEAN region belongs to one of such potential export markets. Keeping with the view of future importance, we have constructed a trade linkage model for SAARC countries with ASEAN region within an econometric framework. The estimated results show the impact of the ASEAN import on the exports of the SAA RC countries is positive in most cases.

Using the model, we have also examined the impact of ASEAN financial crisis on SAARC economies. The results of this simulation exercise show that the ASEAN crisis left its negative impact on exports of the SAARC regiion.
An Analysis of Causality between Growth and Instability in Agricultural Exports of India
Authors: Goyal S.K. , Berg Ernst
Published: January 2017

An attempt in the present study has been made to study growth and extent of instability in exports of major agricultural commodities during pre and post liberalization period, and to examine the relationship between agricultural export growth and export instability. The study uses the Cuddy-Della Valle Index to examine instability in exports and cointegration and error correction models to investigate the causal relationship between agricultural export growth and export instability. The total agricultural exports increased at the annual compound growth rate of 6.71 per cent during post-reform period up from 1.76 per cent during pre-reform period. The compound growth rate of all the agricultural and allied items except tea & mate, oil cakes, cashew kernels and spices were higher during post-reform period as compared to pre-reform period. As regards to instability, at the aggregate level, the results indicate relatively high volatility in agricultural exports after policy initiation. The cause and effect relationship between export growth and instability indicates that there is no causality either way in the short run, i.e. causality runs neither from instability to export growth nor from growth to instability. While there is strong evidence for unidirectional long-run Granger causality running from export growth to export instability.
Vibration and Human Performance
Authors: Grether Walter F.
Published: January 2017

Vibration research is reviewed from the point of view of how this environmental stress affects different types of human performance capabilities. The oscillatory motions normally called vibration range from 1–30 Hz., and the motion may be either sinusoidal or random. In terms of subjective discomfort, the lowest tolerance level for vibration occurs at about 5 Hz., the frequency at which resonance of large body organs is most severe. Visual acuity is severely impaired by vibration frequencies in the range of 10–25 Hz. Manual tracking capability is most seriously affected by vibrations at 5 Hz. and below, as are other motor capacities. Tasks involving primarily central neural processes, such as reaction time, monitoring, and pattern recognition, are highly resistant to the effects of vibration.
Toward Empirical, Practicable, Comprehensive Task Taxonomy
Authors: Bennett Corwin A.
Published: January 2017

Considerable interest has developed in task taxonomy. Rational approaches are too simple. Empirical classifications based on performance will ultimately be forthcoming. A more readily available technique is described and illustrated where judgments of task verbs serve as data which are intercorrelated and factor-analyzed. In the study, four broad task dimensions were found: cognitive, social, procedural, and physical. Major problems in task taxonomy include the use of job-oriented rather than worker-oriented verbs and the inability to define the level of a task. A well-developed task taxonomy would aid both system designers and researchers on task performance.
Lythgoe's Visual Stereophenomenon in the Natural Environment: A Possible Factor in Air and Highway Accidents
Authors: Walker James T.
Published: January 2017

The path of a horizontally moving object, when viewed binocularly, appears distorted in depth if a light shines in only one of the observer's eyes. The image in the lighted eye has a shorter visual latency period than the image in the other eye, and this temporal difference between image latencies translates into an apparent spatial difference between image positions—binocular disparity—which results in the apparent depth displacement of the moving object. In the natural visual environment, one eye can be lighted by the sun while the other is shaded by the nose, and thus, distortions may be produced in the apparent paths of airplanes, or of traffic moving on the ground. The roles that such distortions may play in some air and highway accidents have not been considered previously.
Display Collimation under Whole-Body Vibration
Authors: Wilson Roger V.
Published: January 2017

The presence and absence of a collimating lens over a display face was evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 Hz whole-body vibration with a compensatory tracking task. The collimating lens significantly improved tracking performance at 4 and 6 Hz. The results are discussed in terms of body resonance phenomena and compensatory eye movements.
The Limited Readability of Lansdell Numerals
Authors: Smith Sidney L.
Published: January 2017

In contrast with earlier research showing Lansdell numerals superior in legibility to conventional number shapes during brief exposure of single digits, the present study found that Lansdell numerals are read at least 15% more slowly than Mackworth or Elite numbers when groups of five symbols are scanned for a target digit, and are read 34% more slowly when the five digits in each group must be added. This lower readability indicates that Lansdell numerals should not be used in situations requiring interpretation of displayed numbers, i.e., should not be used for most display applications.
Caffeine Consumption and Target Scanning Performance
Authors: Childs Jerry M.
Published: January 2017

Twenty-five minutes after ingesting one of three possible dosages (placebo, 200 mg, or 400 mg) of caffeine, 48 subjects individually participated in two short-term visual target scanning tasks (subject-paced and experimenter-paced). Assignment of subjects to treatment groups was made on the basis of a priori coffee consumption rates. Subjects who reported that they normally consumed less than three cups of coffee per week (average) were assigned to the low usage rate group (LR), while those who reported average consumption rates of three cups or more per week were assigned to the high usage rate group (HR). Latencies were obtained for the subject-paced measure by allowing subjects to scan ten 10 × 10 matrices until the target was found. Correct detection percentages were taken for the experimenter-paced task by allowing subjects to scan ten 10 × 10 matrices for 5 s and report whether or not a pre-announced target number was contained in the matrix. Significant differences in latencies were obtained between LR and HR only with 400 mg caffeine dosages. LR exhibited significantly higher latencies as a function of these dosages than did HR. No reliable differences occurred between LR and HR for correct detection percentages.
A Strategy for the Development of Training Devices
Authors: Cream Bertram W. , Eggemeier F. Thomas , Klein Gary A.
Published: January 2017

This paper discusses the complex issues involved in the design of aircrew simulation training devices. It addresses methods for defining training requirements, fidelity, performance measurement, instructional features, and crew coordination. A research evaluation of a device using these methods is presented.
A Systems Approach to Curriculum Definition for Craft/Clerical and Management Training
Authors: Kulp Richard A. , Childs Carl E. , Schumacher Sanford P.
Published: January 2017

A need was identified to define a curriculum for Bell System management, technical, craft, and clerical personnel in the Network Operations Division. Traditional curriculum development efforts are geared to educational needs and philosophies rather than to providing a framework for training personnel to perform defined jobs. Instructional System Development (ISD) approaches are directed to developing training which satisfies job performance requirements. However, since they focus on producing courses, they usually provide less information about functional requirements and more information about detailed job requirements than is needed to build a curriculum. A modified systems/task analysis curriculum development approach which is more efficient than the ISD process is presented. The curriculum requirements, developmental methodology, and preliminary outcomes of the effort are discussed.
Simulation of Operational Equipment with a Computer-based Instructional System: A Low Cost Training Technology
Authors: Crawford Alice M. , Crawford Kent S.
Published: January 2017

The feasibility and effectiveness of teaching performance skills using a computer-based training (CBT) methodology were investigated. Graphic simulations of the appearance and functions of a system in an anti-submarine aircraft were presented to students within an instructional framework. Programmed logics controlled the dynamic representations of the equipment in response to student input made through a touch panel. The objective was to determine whether CBT could be used for low cost, part-task training. The performance of CBT students, as measured on a high fidelity simulator, was compared to that of students who had gone through conventional training consisting of workbook study and hands-on practice in the simulator. Results showed that CBT students performed the necessary skills as well before practice in the simulator as conventionally trained students could after this practice. The theoretical and cost implications are discussed.
Behavior Modeling for Managers
Authors: Moses Joseph L.
Published: January 2017

Behavior modeling is a new form of management training which has received considerable research prior to widespread implementation. The concept of behavior modeling, its development, and methodology are described. A review and summary of research findings is presented. Implications for management training and management development are discussed as well.