bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RARE MYCOSES: LET’S DON’T FORGET ABOUT SCAB (FAVUS)
Authors:   SE «Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of NAMS of Ukraine», Volkoslavska V. M.
Published: November 2023

. The purpose of the work is to highlight the current problem of the incidence of the Ukrainian population with such a type of fungal infection as scab, to analyze its specific features and clinical picture of the course, and to study archival data on the incidence of scab in Ukraine over 130 years. At the current stage, in the conditions of conducting active military operations, the need for timely medical care for patients with scab and related complications is substantiated. Dermatologists and infectious disease specialists should pay more attention to the prevention of fungal diseases, including scab, with the further use of modern, adequate sanitary and hygienic measures.
Evaluasi Penggunaan E-Learning dalam Pendidikan Ekonomi: Tinjauan Studi Literatur
Authors: Siswanto Romi
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This literature review aims to explore the influence of learning motivation on academic achievement in the subject of economics. Based on previous literature and research, learning motivation is considered an important factor in improving student academic performance. The Self-Determination theory, which emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation in improving academic performance, is also the theoretical foundation of this literature review. The research method used is a literature study by collecting and analyzing articles, journals, and books related to the influence of learning motivation on academic achievement in the subject of economics. The results of the literature review indicate that learning motivation has a significant influence on academic achievement in the subject of economics. The higher the student's learning motivation, the higher their academic performance in the subject of economics. Therefore, there is a need to make efforts to improve students' learning motivation in the subject of economics by considering factors that influence learning motivation, such as teaching methods, teacher quality, learning environment, and personal factors of students.
Intra-coronary physiology in contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention and anginal therapy with a focus on microvascular disease
Authors: Alisiddiq Zaheer , Sharma Harish , Cotton James , Fan Lampson
Published: November 2023

Coronary physiological measurements have transformed the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), with increasing evidence supporting the use of pressure wire guided revascularisation. Advances in microvascular assessment have enabled clinicians to discern angina aetiology even in patients without obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease, paving the way for more effective tailored therapy. In this article, the authors will examine pressure wire indices, their role in influencing clinical outcomes and future directions.
Internet usage and household electricity consumption
Authors: Gao Bingrui , Han Xuze , Ye Fangbing , Li Yuankang
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the impact of the popularization and usage of the Internet on household electricity consumption in China, as well as the mediating role of sleep duration. By employing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and employing the basic ordinary least squares (OLS) model, the mediation model, and the instrumental variable (IV) approach, we derive the following conclusions. The results from the basic OLS regression indicate a positive relationship between internet usage and household electricity expenditure, implying that households that use the Internet tend to have higher electricity bills. Subsequently, by introducing sleep duration as a mediating variable, we find that internet usage leads to shorter sleep duration, indirectly resulting in increased household electricity costs. To address potential endogeneity concerns, we employ the instrumental variable approach to correct for the impact of internet usage on household electricity consumption. In addition, through heterogeneity analysis, we found that internet usage impacts households with different characteristics.
Spatial-temporal evolution and driving factors of green high-quality agriculture development in China
Authors: Huang Jie , Duan Xinyu , Li Yongle , Guo Hongtao
Published: November 2023

The fundamental means of addressing the challenges concerning China’s agricultural resources and environment is to achieve green and high-quality development within the agricultural sector. In this study, we measured the level of green high-quality agricultural development (GHQAD) in China from 2003 to 2020, and used Theil index, Moran’s I and Geographic detector to reveal the evolution trend and driving factors of GHQAD in China. The results show that the development level of GHQAD in China is constantly improving while the spatial difference is decreasing, and the primary contributor to this overall variation is the intra-regional variation. The spatial distribution of GHQAD in China was positively correlated, with high concentration in eastern and central regions, and low concentration in western regions. Notably, topographic relief degree and urbanization level are the key driving factors contributing to the spatial differences in GHQAD across China. The insights gained from this study will be particularly valuable for the government decision-making processes, thereby elevating GHQAD development in China and ultimately achieving coordinated development within the agricultural sector.
Influence of abiotic factors on habitat selection of sympatric ocelots and bobcats: testing the interactive range-limit theory
Authors: Sergeyev Maksim , Tanner Evan P. , Cherry Michael J. , Lombardi Jason V. , Tewes Michael E. , Campbell Tyler A.
Published: November 2023

Aim

Mitigating the effects of extreme conditions is a mechanism that can structure the activity patterns and habitat selection of a species and may particularly impact species at the extremes of their geographic distribution. Furthermore, changing climate patterns have the potential to influence biotic interactions between species in novel ways. As two species at the edges of their northern and southern distributions, respectively, ocelots and bobcats may face unique pressure compared to individuals in more central portions of their range. Our objective was to describe the selection of thermal cover by ocelots and bobcats to examine whether partitioning of thermal resources was occurring or if this was a source of potential interspecific competition.

Location

We monitored eight ocelots and 13 bobcats in South Texas, USA.

Methods

We compared selection within, above, and below their estimated thermoneutral zones to examine the effect of varying temperature on habitat selection. Additionally, we stationed 130 black globe thermal sensors to describe the thermal properties of the various cover types.

Results

We observed variation in habitat selection across temperatures and species. Ocelots and bobcats selected for shrub cover and vertical canopy cover when cold stressed. When heat stressed, both species avoided bare ground and selected for higher vertical canopy cover and were located closer to dense cover. Black globe measurements revealed differences in environmental temperature across cover types, with forest and shrub cover significantly lower than herbaceous or bare ground.

Main conclusions

Changing climates may influence interspecific competition and alter areas of sympatry through range shifts. Our results stress the importance of dense shrub cover and forested canopy as thermal refuge for ocelots and bobcats and suggest that abundant vegetation may mitigate the effects of interspecific competition during lower temperatures and niche partitioning may reduce interspecific competition during upper temperature limits, providing support for the interactive range-limit theory.
Strategies for HIV-1 suppression through key genes and cell therapy
Authors: Sorokina Alyona , Anchakova Elizaveta , Dashinimaev Erdem
Published: November 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a significant challenge for global public health as limited therapeutic options are available for HIV-infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. Additionally, individuals with HIV-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complications have a reduced life expectancy. In recent decades, gene and cell-based strategies have shown promise in achieving a functional cure for HIV-1 infection. The outcomes of therapies with patients in Berlin and London have led to moderate optimism for a highly effective HIV-1 treatment. This review categorizes current strategies for HIV-1 treatment into RNA- and antibody-based therapies, cell and genome editing approaches, and methods for eradicating latent reservoirs. These findings demonstrate how the use of various anti-HIV-1 agents enhances our understanding of HIV-1 infection and may provide important insights for potential HIV-1 treatment.
Case report: XMEN disease: a patient with recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma and immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: de Groot Pieter F. , Kwakernaak Arjan J. , van Leeuwen Ester M. M. , van Spaendonk Rosalina M. L. , Kooi Evert-Jan , de Jong Daphne , Kuijpers Taco W. , Zijlstra Josée M. , de Bree Godelieve J.
Published: November 2023

Here we present the case of a 28-year-old man with X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and neoplasia (XMEN) disease. He presented with immune thrombocytopenia within 1 year after successful autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for recurrent EBV-associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). The combination of EBV- associated malignancy, autoimmunity, recurrent airway infections at young age and bronchiectasis, prompted immunological investigation for an inborn error of immunity (IEI). Genetic testing revealed XMEN disease. XMEN disease is characterized by a glycosylation defect due to mutations in the MAGT1 gene. Germline mutations in the MAGT1 gene disrupt glycosylation of the NKG2D receptor in immune cells, including natural killer and CD8-positive T cells, vital for immune surveillance, especially against EBV. Consequently, individuals with XMEN disease, are prone to EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in addition to auto-immunity. Early recognition of adult onset IEI-related B-lymphoproliferative disorders, including CHL is of vital importance for treatment decisions, including (allogeneic) haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and family screening.
Case report: ALK-positive histiocytosis presented as bilateral synchronous breast masses with long-term remission on crizotinib
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Hurtado-Castillo Marisabel , Pandey Om
Published: November 2023

ALK-positive histiocytosis (APH) is a rare type of histiocytic neoplasm with characteristic ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) gene translocation and fusion, with only 27 reported cases in the literature. In this study, we report the first case of synchronous bilateral breast involvement of ALK-positive histiocytosis on initial presentation in a 46-year-old Hispanic woman. APH was diagnosed by the confirmation of clonal histiocyte proliferation with ALK overexpression on IHC and the presence of KIF5B-ALK gene fusion from her breast and lung biopsies. The patient in our study is currently under complete and long-term remission with crizotinib treatment (an ALK inhibitor). This report expands on the clinical manifestation of APH, emphasizes the importance of ALK detection in histiocytic diseases, and provides the efficacy and long-term prognosis of the ALK inhibitor therapy for APH.
Effect of additives and moisture on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of high moisture ear corn
Authors: Li Jiajun , Li Zheng , Shang Songlin , Zhao Xi , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Xinrui , Bai Jinni , Yang Zhiye , Guo Kaijun
Published: November 2023

Maize (Zea mays L) is one of the most widely cultivated crops used as energy feeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two lactic acid bacteria additives on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) silage at different moisture levels. The study utilized corn kernels and cobs harvested at the stage of complete ripeness as the primary material. The cob was crushed and divided into three treatment groups: an untreated control group (CK), a group treated with a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brucei (TQ), or a group treated with a mixture of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus brucei (KT). Moisture contents were adjusted to 37.5% (L), 42.5% (M) or 47.5% (H) and then silaged for 180 days. Compared to CK, TQ, and KT elevated the dry matter, crude protein, starch, lactic and acetic acid content of HMEC and reduced the pH, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and ammonia nitrogen content (p < 0.05). Even though both additives improved the bacterial community structure after fermentation, KT experienced the greater enhancement. At a phylum and genus level, KT had the higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, respectively. Compared with the group of 37.5% (L) moisture content, the 42.5% (M) and 47.5% moisture content (H) group increased lactic acid, acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen concentrations and reduced the pH value (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of TQ and KT at the appropriate moisture content might be helpful for producing high-quality HMEC. Among the three moisture contents, 42.5% (M) moisture content provides the best silage qualities.
The vulvar microbiome in lichen sclerosus and high-grade intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Pagan Lisa , Huisman Bertine W. , van der Wurff Michelle , Naafs Rosanne G. C. , Schuren Frank H. J. , Sanders Ingrid M. J. G. , Smits Wiep Klaas , Zwittink Romy D. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Rissmann Robert , Piek Jurgen M. J. , Henderickx Jannie G. E. , van Poelgeest Mariëtte I. E.
Published: November 2023

Background

The role of the vulvar microbiome in the development of (pre)malignant vulvar disease is scarcely investigated. The aim of this exploratory study was to analyze vulvar microbiome composition in lichen sclerosus (LS) and vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) compared to healthy controls.

Methods

Women with vulvar lichen sclerosus (n = 10), HSIL (n = 5) and healthy controls (n = 10) were included. Swabs were collected from the vulva, vagina and anal region for microbiome characterization by metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Both lesional and non-lesional sites were examined. Biophysical assessments included trans-epidermal water loss for evaluation of the vulvar skin barrier function and vulvar and vaginal pH measurements.

Results

Healthy vulvar skin resembled vaginal, anal and skin-like microbiome composition, including the genera Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Staphylococcus, Cutibacterium, and Corynebacterium. Significant differences were observed in diversity between vulvar skin of healthy controls and LS patients. Compared to the healthy vulvar skin, vulvar microbiome composition of both LS and vulvar HSIL patients was characterized by significantly higher proportions of, respectively, Papillomaviridae (p = 0.045) and Alphapapillomavirus (p = 0.002). In contrast, the Prevotella genus (p = 0.031) and Bacteroidales orders (p = 0.038) were significantly less abundant in LS, as was the Actinobacteria class (p = 0.040) in vulvar HSIL. While bacteria and viruses were most abundant, fungal and archaeal taxa were scarcely observed. Trans-epidermal water loss was higher in vulvar HSIL compared to healthy vulvar skin (p = 0.043).

Conclusion

This study is the first to examine the vulvar microbiome through metagenomic shotgun sequencing in LS and HSIL patients. Diseased vulvar skin presents a distinct signature compared to healthy vulvar skin with respect to bacterial and viral fractions of the microbiome. Key findings include the presence of papillomaviruses in LS as well as in vulvar HSIL, although LS is generally considered an HPV-independent risk factor for vulvar dysplasia. This exploratory study provides clues to the etiology of vulvar premalignancies and may act as a steppingstone for expanding the knowledge on potential drivers of disease progression.
Ligilactobacillus salivarius CNCM I-4866, a potential probiotic candidate, shows anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Carbonne Celia , Chadi Sead , Kropp Camille , Molimard Lise , Chain Florian , Langella Philippe , Martin Rebeca
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The aim of this work was to characterize a new strain of Ligilactobacillus salivarius (CNCM I-4866) (CNCM I-4866) to address its potential as probiotic with a special focus on intestinal inflammation. Potential anti-inflammatory abilities of this strain were evaluated through in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Methods

Firstly, the strain was tested in a murine acute inflammation colitis model induced by DNBS. In vitro characterization was then performed with diverse tests: modulation capability of intestinal permeability; study of the impact on immunity profile through cytokines dosage; capacity to inhibit pathogens and adhere to intestinal cells lines. Production of metabolites, antibiotic resistance and survival to gastro-intestinal tract conditions were also tested.

Results

In vitro assay has shown a reduction of colonic damage and markers of inflammation after treatment with CNCM I-4866. Transcriptomic analysis performed on colons showed the capacity of the strain to down-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. L. salivarius CNCM I-4866 exerted anti-inflammatory profile by reducing IL-8 production by TNF-α stimulated cell and modulated cytokines profile on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). It protected intestinal integrity by increasing trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) on Caco-2 TNF-α inflamed cells. Additionally, L. salivarius CNCM I-4866 displayed inhibition capacity on several intestinal pathogens and adhered to eukaryotic cells. Regarding safety and technical concerns, CNCM I-4866 was highly resistant to 0.3% of bile salts and produced mainly L-lactate. Finally, strain genomic characterization allowed us to confirm safety aspect of our strain, with no antibiotic gene resistance found.

Discussion

Taken together, these results indicate that L. salivarius CNCM I-4866 could be a good probiotic candidate for intestinal inflammation, especially with its steady anti-inflammatory profile.
Immune modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Li Shi-Qin , Shen Yue , Zhang Jun , Weng Cheng-Zhao , Wu Sheng-Di , Jiang Wei
Published: November 2023

The gut microbiota is a diverse ecosystem consisting of 100 trillion microbiomes. The interaction between the host’s gut and distal organs profoundly impacts various functions such as metabolism, immunity, neurology, and nutrition within the human body. The liver, as the primary immune organ, plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis by receiving a significant influx of gut-derived components and toxins. Perturbations in gut microbiota homeostasis have been linked to a range of liver diseases. The advancements in sequencing technologies, such as 16S rRNA and metagenomics, have opened up new avenues for comprehending the intricate physiological interplay between the liver and the intestine. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota function as signaling molecules and substrates, influencing both pathological and physiological processes. Establishing a comprehensive host-bacterium-metabolism axis holds tremendous potential for investigating the mechanisms underlying liver diseases. In this review, we have provided a summary of the detrimental effects of the gut-liver axis in chronic liver diseases, primarily focusing on hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver diseases. Moreover, we have explored the potential mechanisms through which the gut microbiota and its derivatives interact with liver immunity, with implications for future clinical therapies.
Oligomer formation of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 through 73YIDI76 motifs regulates immune response and non-infusion antiviral interactions
Authors: Assadizadeh Mohammad , Azimzadeh Irani Maryam
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Open Reading Frame 8 (ORF8) is a 121 amino acid length SARS-CoV-2 specific accessory protein that plays crucial roles in viral infectivity, and pathogenesis. Current SARS-CoV-2 treatments focus on spike or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins. Hence, directing attention to ORF8 yields substantial benefits for innovative non-infusional therapeutics. Functional ORF8 is proposed to form oligomers via a crystallographic contact centered by 73YIDI76 motifs.

Methods: Hence, the structure and atomistic interactions of trimeric and tetrameric ORF8 oligomeric forms were modeled by means of thorough molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations.

Results: Results show that trimeric and tetrameric oligomers are stabilized by the interaction of β4-β5 (47-83) loops. 73YIDI76 motifs are involved in obtaining the oligomerization interfaces. It is shown that the tetramers which resemble a doughnut-like construction are the most stabilized oligomeric forms. Where four β4-β5 loops form the interfaces between two dimers. Each monomer links to two others through β4-β5 loops and a covalent Cys20-Cys20 bridge. Epitope mapping, binding site predictions, and solvent-accessible surface area analyses of different ORF8 forms show that the B-cell, MHC-I, and drug epitopes stay exposed in oligomeric forms.

Discussion: Approving that the viral infectivity is expanded upon ORF8 oligomerization and the regions involved in oligomerization can be considered as therapeutic targets.
Effect of blackberry anthocyanins and its combination with tea polyphenols on the oxidative stability of lard and olive oil
Authors: Chen Han , Zhao Hui-fang , Meng Xiu-hua , Chen Jian , Wu Wen-long , Li Wei-lin , Lü Han
Published: November 2023

To investigate the protective effect of blackberry anthocyanins (BA), tea polyphenols (TP), and their binary mixture on the oxidative stability of edible oils during storage, BA, TP, and their binary mixture were added to lard and olive oil. The changes in peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), acid value (AV), and scavenging capacity of DPPH and ABTS•+ of oil samples were evaluated during accelerated storage. BA were found to have a remarkable capability to enhance antioxidant properties, delay lipid oxidation, and inhibit the deterioration both of lard and olive oil at high-temperature processes. Furthermore, the antioxidant synergistic effect of BA and TP was found both in lard and olive oil for the first time. All these results suggested that BA and its combination with TP might possess the potential value to protect the quality of edible oils.
Case Report: A complete pathologic response in pancreatic cancer with squamous cell differentiation
Authors: Grant Christopher R. , Arter Zhaohui L. , Truc Tran , Lee Fa-Chyi
Published: November 2023

Primary pancreatic malignancies are mostly composed of the adenocarcinoma histological subtype. However, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately 0.5%–1% of all malignant pancreatic cancers. Because of the rarity of SCC of the pancreas, guideline-directed treatment is lacking, treatment response is difficult to access, and treatment options are poorly defined. Here, we report a case of a 65-year-old man diagnosed with pancreatic carcinoma with dominant squamous cell differentiation, who achieved complete pathologic response (CPR) after treatment with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nab-paclitaxel every 14 days for six cycles and who continues to lead a high quality of life 7 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CPR in a case of SCC of the pancreas. To highlight the ambiguity and the need for further studies, we also performed a narrative review analyzing recent cases and compared them to our case.
Neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with dyspnoea as the first symptom: a case report
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Hong Shu-Jun , Hong Hui , Zhang Zhi-Qun , Li Jing
Published: November 2023

Neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an idiopathic disease characterised by myocardial hypertrophy with normal or small ventricular chambers, a systolic hyperdynamic state and diastolic dysfunction. The etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of HCM are diverse, and it is likely to progress to sudden cardiac death. The highly heterogeneous nature of this disease determines the difficulty of its diagnosis, and it is especially rare to report that can be diagnosed conclusively in the neonatal period. However, when it does occur, the younger the age of onset is, the higher the mortality rate and the worse the prognosis. The genetic variants and diagnostic timing can affect the life course of the patient. This case report describes a neonate with a family history of HCM who was diagnosed with hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy by echocardiography shortly after birth. At 4 years of age, the patient presented with slow weight gain, feeding difficulties, tachypnoea and diaphoresis, and cardiac ultrasound findings suggesting progression to severe hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, with a high likelihood of arrhythmias, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, syncope and even sudden death. Neonatal congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose before the onset of symptoms. Echocardiography has a definite diagnostic value in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and helps in early detection and treatment. At the time of clinical diagnosis, children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should be asked about their family history and, if necessary, a survey of family members should be conducted for the early detection of mildly ill patients and gene carriers to enable timely intervention and treatment, which remains the focus of our research and efforts.
Case report: A novel combination of anomalies in a patient with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Byeman Connor , Ashwath Ravi
Published: November 2023

A frequently occurring genetic disorder, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome can manifest with various abnormalities. The range of cardiac anomalies associated with this syndrome is extensive, with conotruncal defects being the most prevalent. In this study, we report the case of a patient with a unique combination of anatomical abnormalities such as crisscross pulmonary arteries, a cervical aortic arch with coarctation of the aorta, and a ventricular septal defect. The patient underwent initial surgical intervention, which resulted in significant clinical improvement.
Empagliflozin alleviates atherosclerotic calcification by inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Li Junping , Li Changping , Huang Zhaoqi , Huang Chunling , Liu Juanzhang , Wu Tao , Xu Shuwan , Mai Peibiao , Geng Dengfeng , Zhou Shuxian , Zhang Kun , Liu Zhaoyu
Published: November 2023

SGLT-2 inhibitors, such as empagliflozin, have been shown to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events and delay the progression of atherosclerosis. However, its role in atherosclerotic calcification remains unclear. In this research, ApoE−/− mice were fed with western diet and empagliflozin was added to the drinking water for 24 weeks. Empagliflozin treatment significantly alleviated arterial calcification assessed by alizarin red and von kossa staining in aortic roots and reduced the lipid levels, while had little effect on body weight and blood glucose levels in ApoE−/− mice. In vitro studies, empagliflozin significantly inhibits calcification of primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and aortic rings induced by osteogenic media (OM) or inorganic phosphorus (Pi). RNA sequencing of VSMCs cultured in OM with or without empagliflozin showed that empagliflozin negatively regulated the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs. And further studies confirmed that empagliflozin significantly inhibited osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs via qRT-PCR. Our study demonstrates that empagliflozin alleviates atherosclerotic calcification by inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs, which addressed a critical need for the discovery of a drug-based therapeutic approach in the treatment of atherosclerotic calcification.
Computer-aided identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resuscitation-promoting factor B (RpfB) inhibitors from Gymnema sylvestre natural products
Authors: Shah Mohibullah , Khan Fatiha , Ahmad Iqra , Deng Cun-Liang , Perveen Asia , Iqbal Anwar , Nishan Umar , Zaman Aqal , Ullah Riaz , Ali Essam A. , Chen Ke
Published: November 2023

Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has been a global health concern. Mtb affects over a third of the world’s population, causing two million deaths annually due to its dormancy and propensity to spread infection during this period. Resuscitation-promoting factor B (RpfB) plays a pivotal role in the growth of Mtb during dormant periods, making it a critical target for eliminating Mtb and curing TB. Gymnema sylvestre is a famous medicinal plant with several medicinal properties, including antimicrobial activity; however, the therapeutic potential of the various reported metabolites of this plant against Mtb has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to explore the reported natural products of G. sylvestre against the RpfB of the Mtb. A total of 131 reported secondary metabolites of this plant were collected and virtually screened against the RpfB. We particularly targeted the Glu292 residue of RpfB as it is crucial for the catalysis of this protein. From our in-house library, 114 compounds showed a binding affinity higher than the standard drug. The binding stability of the top three lead compounds was further confirmed through MD simulation analysis. Drug likeness analyses indicated that the ten hits had zero violations of the Lipinski rule of five. In addition, analyses of pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and target prediction revealed that the top compounds are devoid of toxicity and do not affect human proteins. Additionally, they reflect multifaceted approach as anti-TB agents. Our selected hits not only exhibit molecular properties favoring physiological compatibility but also exhibit properties enhancing their potential efficacy as therapeutic candidates. The compounds investigated here are worthy of experimental validation for the discovery of novel treatments against TB. Further, this study also provides a promising avenue for research on the pharmacological potential of G. sylvestre.
Microbiome and plant cell transformation trigger insect gall induction in cassava
Authors: Gätjens-Boniche Omar , Jiménez-Madrigal Jose Pablo , Whetten Ross W. , Valenzuela-Diaz Sandro , Alemán-Gutiérrez Alvaro , Hanson Paul E. , Pinto-Tomás Adrián A.
Published: November 2023

Several specialised insects can manipulate normal plant development to induce a highly organised structure known as a gall, which represents one of the most complex interactions between insects and plants. Thus far, the mechanism for insect-induced plant galls has remained elusive. To study the induction mechanism of insect galls, we selected the gall induced by Iatrophobia brasiliensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in cassava (Euphorbiaceae: Manihot esculenta Crantz) as our model. PCR-based molecular markers and deep metagenomic sequencing data were employed to analyse the gall microbiome and to test the hypothesis that gall cells are genetically transformed by insect vectored bacteria. A shotgun sequencing discrimination approach was implemented to selectively discriminate between foreign DNA and the reference host plant genome. Several known candidate insertion sequences were identified, the most significant being DNA sequences found in bacterial genes related to the transcription regulatory factor CadR, cadmium-transporting ATPase encoded by the cadA gene, nitrate transport permease protein (nrtB gene), and arsenical pump ATPase (arsA gene). In addition, a DNA fragment associated with ubiquitin-like gene E2 was identified as a potential accessory genetic element involved in gall induction mechanism. Furthermore, our results suggest that the increased quality and rapid development of gall tissue are mostly driven by microbiome enrichment and the acquisition of critical endophytes. An initial gall-like structure was experimentally obtained in M. esculenta cultured tissues through inoculation assays using a Rhodococcus bacterial strain that originated from the inducing insect, which we related to the gall induction process. We provide evidence that the modification of the endophytic microbiome and the genetic transformation of plant cells in M. esculenta are two essential requirements for insect-induced gall formation. Based on these findings and having observed the same potential DNA marker in galls from other plant species (ubiquitin-like gene E2), we speculate that bacterially mediated genetic transformation of plant cells may represent a more widespread gall induction mechanism found in nature.
Tree mycorrhizal type regulates leaf and needle microbial communities, affects microbial assembly and co-occurrence network patterns, and influences litter decomposition rates in temperate forest
Authors: Tanunchai Benjawan , Ji Li , Schroeter Simon Andreas , Wahdan Sara Fareed Mohamed , Thongsuk Katikarn , Hilke Ines , Gleixner Gerd , Buscot François , Schulze Ernst-Detlef , Noll Matthias , Purahong Witoon
Published: November 2023

Background

Tree mycorrhizal types (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi) alter nutrient use traits and leaf physicochemical properties and, thus, affect leaf litter decomposition. However, little is known about how different tree mycorrhizal species affect the microbial diversity, community composition, function, and community assembly processes that govern leaf litter-dwelling microbes during leaf litter decomposition.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the microbial diversity, community dynamics, and community assembly processes of nine temperate tree species using high-resolution molecular technique (Illumina sequencing), including broadleaved arbuscular mycorrhizal, broadleaved ectomycorrhizal, and coniferous ectomycorrhizal tree types, during leaf litter decomposition.

Results and discussion

The leaves and needles of different tree mycorrhizal types significantly affected the microbial richness and community composition during leaf litter decomposition. Leaf litter mass loss was related to higher sequence reads of a few bacterial functional groups, particularly N-fixing bacteria. Furthermore, a link between bacterial and fungal community composition and hydrolytic and/or oxidative enzyme activity was found. The microbial communities in the leaf litter of different tree mycorrhizal types were governed by different proportions of determinism and stochasticity, which changed throughout litter decomposition. Specifically, determinism (mainly variable selection) controlling bacterial community composition increased over time. In contrast, stochasticity (mainly ecological drift) increasingly governed fungal community composition. Finally, the co-occurrence network analysis showed greater competition between bacteria and fungi in the early stages of litter decomposition and revealed a contrasting pattern between mycorrhizal types.

Conclusion

Overall, we conclude that tree mycorrhizal types influence leaf litter quality, which affects microbial richness and community composition, and thus, leaf litter decomposition.
Potassium deficiency diagnosis method of apple leaves based on MLR-LDA-SVM
Authors: Xu Kun , Sun Lin-Lin , Wang Jing , Liu Shuang-Xi , Yang Hua-Wei , Xu Ning , Zhang Hong-Jian , Wang Jin-Xing
Published: November 2023

Introduction

At present, machine learning and image processing technology are widely used in plant disease diagnosis. In order to address the challenges of subjectivity, cost, and timeliness associated with traditional methods of diagnosing potassium deficiency in apple tree leaves.

Methods

The study proposes a model that utilizes image processing technology and machine learning techniques to enhance the accuracy of detection during each growth period. Leaf images were collected at different growth stages and processed through denoising and segmentation. Color and shape features of the leaves were extracted and a multiple regression analysis model was used to screen for key features. Linear discriminant analysis was then employed to optimize the data and obtain the optimal shape and color feature factors of apple tree leaves during each growth period. Various machine-learning methods, including SVM, DT, and KNN, were used for the diagnosis of potassium deficiency.

Results

The MLR-LDA-SVM model was found to be the optimal model based on comprehensive evaluation indicators. Field experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of the diagnostic model, achieving high diagnostic accuracy during different growth periods.

Discussion

The model can accurately diagnose whether potassium deficiency exists in apple tree leaves during each growth period. This provides theoretical guidance for intelligent and precise water and fertilizer management in orchards.
Stuttering in individuals with Down syndrome: a systematic review of earlier research
Authors: Hokstad Silje , Næss Kari-Anne B.
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on the occurrence and characteristics of stuttering in individuals with Down syndrome and thus contribute knowledge about stuttering in this population. Group studies reporting outcome measures of stuttering were included. Studies with participants who were preselected based on their fluency status were excluded. We searched the Eric, PsychInfo, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases on 3rd January 2022 and conducted supplementary searches of the reference lists of previous reviews and the studies included in the current review, as well as relevant speech and language journals. The included studies were coded in terms of information concerning sample characteristics, measurement approaches, and stuttering-related outcomes. The appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS) was used to evaluate study quality. We identified 14 eligible studies, with a total of 1,833 participants (mean = 131.29, standard deviation = 227.85, median = 45.5) between 3 and 58 years of age. The estimated occurrence of stuttering ranged from 2.38 to 56%, which is substantially higher than the estimated prevalence (1%) of stuttering in the general population. The results also showed that stuttering severity most often was judged to be mild-to-moderate and that individuals with Down syndrome displayed secondary behaviors when these were measured. However, little attention has been paid to investigating the potential adverse effects of stuttering for individuals with Down syndrome. We judged the quality of the evidence to be moderate-to-low. The negative evaluation was mostly due to sampling limitations that decreased the representability and generalizability of the results. Based on the high occurrence of stuttering and the potential negative effects of this condition, individuals with Down syndrome who show signs of stuttering should be referred to a speech and language pathologist for an evaluation of their need for stuttering treatment.
Association between problem gambling and personality traits: a longitudinal study among the general Norwegian population
Authors: Kaur Puneet , Leino Tony , Chegeni Razieh , Erevik Eilin K. , Mentzoni Rune A. , Pallesen Ståle
Published: November 2023

Objective

The present study investigates the longitudinal relationship between problematic gambling (PG) and the five factor model’s personality traits using autoregressive cross-lagged models.

Methods

The data used in the current study was collected by a national survey in 2013 (n = 10,081) and a follow-up study (n = 5,848) in 2015. PG was measured using Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) while personality was assessed using Mini-International Personality Item Pool (MINI-IPIP). Participants who completed the CPGI and all the personality items during both waves (n = 2,702) were analysed.

Results

The results show that neuroticism had positive cross-lagged associations with CPGI. In contrast, conscientiousness and agreeableness in 2013 were found to have inverse cross-lagged effect on CPGI in 2015. Finally, openness and extraversion did not have any cross-lagged associations with CPGI.

Conclusion

PG poses serious negative implications for the involved individuals as well as their associated close social circle. Hence, it is important to understand predictors of PG for prevention purposes. Personality traits are one of the influential frameworks for examining uncontrolled psychopathological behaviors like PG. The study findings offer significant theoretical as well as practical implications.
Validation of the Moral Injury Outcome Scale in acute care nurses
Authors: Tao Hong , Nieuwsma Jason A. , Meador Keith G. , Harris Stephanie L. , Robinson Patricia S.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Moral injury, predominantly studied in military populations, has garnered increased attention in the healthcare setting, in large part due to the psychological and emotional consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The measurement of moral injury with instrumentation adapted from military settings and validated by frontline healthcare personnel is essential to assess prevalence and guide intervention. This study aimed to validate the Moral Injury Outcome Scale (MIOS) in the population of acute care.

Methods

A sample of 309 acute care nurses completed surveys regarding moral injury, depression, anxiety, burnout, professional fulfillment, spiritual wellbeing, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted as well as an assessment of reliability and validity.

Results

The internal consistency of the 14-item MIOS was 0.89. The scale demonstrated significant convergent and discriminant validity, and the test of construct validity confirmed the two-factor structure of shame and trust violations in this clinical population. Regression analysis indicated age, race, and marital status-related differences in the experience of moral injury.

Discussion

The MIOS is valid and reliable in acute care nursing populations and demonstrates sound psychometric properties. Scores among nurses diverge from those of military personnel in areas that may inform distinctions in interventions to address moral injury in these populations.
A prognostic model and pre-discharge predictors of post-COVID-19 syndrome after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Honchar Oleksii , Ashcheulova Tetiana , Chumachenko Tetyana , Chumachenko Dmytro , Bobeiko Alla , Blazhko Viktor , Khodosh Eduard , Matiash Nataliia , Ambrosova Tetiana , Herasymchuk Nina , Kochubiei Oksana , Smyrnova Viktoriia
Published: November 2023

Background

Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) has been increasingly recognized as an emerging problem: 50% of patients report ongoing symptoms 1 year after acute infection, with most typical manifestations (fatigue, dyspnea, psychiatric and neurological symptoms) having potentially debilitating effect. Early identification of high-risk candidates for PCS development would facilitate the optimal use of resources directed to rehabilitation of COVID-19 convalescents.

Objective

To study the in-hospital clinical characteristics of COVID-19 survivors presenting with self-reported PCS at 3 months and to identify the early predictors of its development.

Methods

221 hospitalized COVID-19 patients underwent symptoms assessment, 6-min walk test, and echocardiography pre-discharge and at 1 month; presence of PCS was assessed 3 months after discharge. Unsupervised machine learning was used to build a SANN-based binary classification model of PCS development.

Results

PCS at 3 months has been detected in 75% patients. Higher symptoms level in the PCS group was not associated with worse physical functional recovery or significant echocardiographic changes. Despite identification of a set of pre-discharge predictors, inclusion of parameters obtained at 1 month proved necessary to obtain a high accuracy model of PCS development, with inputs list including age, sex, in-hospital levels of CRP, eGFR and need for oxygen supplementation, and level of post-exertional symptoms at 1 month after discharge (fatigue and dyspnea in 6MWT and MRC Dyspnea score).

Conclusion

Hospitalized COVID-19 survivors at 3 months were characterized by 75% prevalence of PCS, the development of which could be predicted with an 89% accuracy using the derived neural network-based classification model.
The methodology of the Agile Nudge University
Authors: Mehta Jade , Williams Christopher , Holden Richard J. , Taylor Britain , Fowler Nicole R. , Boustani Malaz
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The Agile Nudge University is a National Institute on Aging-funded initiative to engineer a diverse, interdisciplinary network of scientists trained in Agile processes.

Methods

Members of the network are trained and mentored in rapid, iterative, and adaptive problem-solving techniques to develop, implement, and disseminate evidence-based nudges capable of addressing health disparities and improving the care of people living with Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias (ADRD).

Results

Each Agile Nudge University cohort completes a year-long online program, biweekly coaching and mentoring sessions, monthly group-based problem-solving sessions, and receives access to a five-day Bootcamp and the Agile Nudge Resource Library.

Discussion

The Agile Nudge University is evaluated through participant feedback, competency surveys, and tracking of the funding, research awards, and promotions of participating scholars. The Agile Nudge University is compounding national innovation efforts in overcoming the gaps in the ADRD discovery-to-delivery translational cycle.
The association of burnout with work absenteeism and the frequency of thoughts in leaving their job in a cohort of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lee Cerina , Vu Thanh-Huyen T. , Fuller John A. , Freedman Melanie , Bannon Jacqueline , Wilkins John T. , Moskowitz Judith T. , Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Wallia Amisha , Evans Charlesnika T.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, high levels of burnout were reported among healthcare workers. This study examines the association of work absenteeism and frequency of thoughts in leaving current job with burnout among a cohort of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers was conducted from April-May, 2022 on healthcare workers from 10 hospitals, 18 immediate care centers, and 325 outpatient practices in the Chicago area and surrounding Illinois suburbs. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of burnout scores (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory—OLBI) and its sub-scores (exhaustion and disengagement scores) with work absenteeism and thoughts of leaving work.

Results

One-fifth and 60% of respondents (n = 1,825) reported unplanned absenteeism and thoughts of leaving their job, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, higher burnout scores, especially exhaustion scores, were associated with increased odds of unplanned absenteeism (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08). Burnout scores and both sub-scores were also positively associated with the frequency of thoughts of leaving work, e.g., each unit increase in the OLBI burnout score was associated with 1.39 (95% CI: 1.34–1.43) times higher odds of thinking about leaving work “a lot/constantly” vs. “never”.

Discussion

Overall, this study cohort showed a positive association between burnout scores and unplanned work absenteeism (and frequency of thoughts in leaving job) during the COVID-19 pandemic. More research is needed to support healthcare worker well-being during times of stress and direct solutions to addressing unplanned absenteeism in the light of a pandemic.