bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PdII‐Catalyzed Di‐o‐olefination of Carbazoles Directed by the Protecting N‐(2‐Pyridyl)sulfonyl Group.
Authors: Urones Beatriz , Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Carretero Juan Carlos
Published: June 2013

The ability of the N‐(2‐pyridyl)sulfonyl group to serve both as directing and readily removable protecting group in the Pd(II)‐catalyzed regioselective diolefination of carbazoles and structurally related N‐heterocycles is demonstrated for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazoles.
Authors: Tang Meng , Zhang Fu‐Min
Published: June 2013

A one‐pot, three‐step synthesis of di‐, tri and tetrasubstituted pyrazoles is developed by reaction between enones, toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, and halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted 1H‐Pyrazoles from Propargylic Alcohols via Propargyl Hydrazides.
Authors: Reddy Chada Raji , Vijaykumar Jonnalagadda , Gree Rene
Published: June 2013

The procedure consists of acid‐catalyzed N‐propargylation of TSA with propargylic alcohols and subsequent base‐promoted cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of [1,2,3]‐Triazole‐Fused Isoindolines, Tetrahydroisoquinolines, Benzoazepines and Benzoazocines by Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Heterocyclization.
Authors: Brahma Kaushik , Achari Basudeb , Chowdhury Chinmay
Published: June 2013

A convenient method for the synthesis of 5‐ to 8‐membered benzoheterocycles is achieved by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of o‐iodophenyl‐substituted azides with a variety of acetylenic substrates followed by cyclization of the resulting triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: [Pd(PPh3)2(saccharinate)2] — General Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura, Negishi Cross‐Coupling and C—H Bond Functionalization of Coumaryl and Pyrone Substrates.
Authors: Shah Parin , Santana M. Dolores , Garcia Joaquin , Serrano J. Luis , Naik Minal , Pednekar Suhas , Kapdi Anant R.
Published: June 2013

The title catalyst is a universal precatalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling of synthetically important coumaryl and pyrone halides (I) and (VII) with aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Sulfanylcoumarins Using Thiourea and Alkyl Halides as the Sulfanylation Agent in Polyethylene Glycol—Water.
Authors: Yin Zhenlan , Wang Yu , Yang Qin , Wang Ying , Xu Jingshi , Deng Zhihong , Peng Yiyuan
Published: June 2013

Reaction of alkyl halides with thiourea generates S‐alkylthiouronium reagents which are directly coupled with 4‐tosyloxycoumarins to produce the pharmaceutically important target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for Synthesizing 3‐Arylpyrrolidine and 4‐Arylpiperidine Derivatives Through an Acid‐Promoted Skeletal Rearrangement.
Authors: Yokosaka Takuya , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: June 2013

Treatment of the substrates with TFA is found to provide a new access to the heterocyclic systems via intramolecular ipso‐Friedel—Crafts‐type addition, rearomatization, and intramolecular aza‐Prins reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Azaheteroaromatic Derivatives of 2‐Styrylanthracene.
Authors: Lee V. M. , Budyka M. F.
Published: June 2013

Two isomeric title compounds (III) and (VI) are prepared and their absorption spectra are compared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Silver(I)—Rhodium(I) Cooperative Catalysis in the Reaction of N′‐(2‐Alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazide with 2‐Vinyloxirane.
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Liu Gang , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Pu Shouzhi , Wu Jie
Published: June 2013

The cooperative catalysis initiates a tandem reaction of N‐(alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazides with vinyloxirane giving rise to formation of pyrazoloisoquinoline carbaldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of 2,7‐Dichloro‐1,8‐naphthyridine.
Authors: Ehlers Peter , Petrosyan Andranik , Ghochikyan Tariel V. , Saghyan Ashot S. , Neubauer Antje , Lochbrunner Stefan , Langer Peter
Published: June 2013

Novel 2,7‐diaryl‐ and 2,7‐dialkenyl derivatives are prepared under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine‐2,7(1H,3H)‐diones.
Authors: Groselj Uros , Podlogar Anja , Novak Ana , Dahmann Georg , Golobic Amalija , Stanovnik Branko , Svete Jurij
Published: June 2013

A straightforward synthesis of the title compounds (VII) and (XII) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel and Complex Tetrahydroquinazolinedione and Dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives via a One‐Pot [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Strategy.
Authors: Sarmah Manas M. , Prajapati Dipak , Hu Wenhao
Published: June 2013

Uracil derivatives (I) and (IV) are employed as diene components for the reaction with aromatic nitroalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Luminescent and Fully Rigid Tetrakisimidazolium Macrocycle.
Authors: Zhou Hongjun , Wang Zhi , Gao Chao , You Jingsong , Gao Ge
Published: June 2013

Title compound (I) is synthesized in good yield for the first time through direct [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Addition of Nucleophilic Silicon to Aldehydes.
Authors: Cirriez Virginie , Rasson Corentin , Hermant Thomas , Petrignet Julien , Diaz Alvarez Jesus , Robeyns Koen , Riant Olivier
Published: June 2013

Newly developed chiral copper(I) complexes bearing a bifluoride counteranion are used in the first example of the enantioselective title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Geminal Bis(silyl) Enal: A Versatile Scaffold for Stereoselective Synthesizing C3,O1‐Disilylated Allylic Alcohols Based upon Anion Relay Chemistry.
Authors: Yan Linjie , Sun Xianwei , Li Hongze , Song Zhenlei , Liu Zengjin
Published: June 2013

Geminal bis(silyl) enal (I) is shown to be a useful scaffold for anion relay chemistry (ARC) aimed at the stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted vinylsilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Methods for the Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonate Fluoroalkyl Esters.
Authors: Skorenski Marcin , Oleksyszyn Jozef , Sienczyk Marcin
Published: June 2013

Two similar one‐pot procedures are presented for the synthesis of title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Pronounced Solvent Effect on the Hydrostannylation of Propargylic Alcohol Derivatives with nBu3SnH/Et3B at Room Temperature.
Authors: Oderinde Martins S. , Organ Michael G.
Published: June 2013

The reaction proceeds with complete (Z)‐selectivity and can be effectively carried out in THF instead of the environmentally unfriendly benzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystanins A—D, Four New Protolimonoids from the Fruits of Aphanamixis polystachya
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Jun‐Song , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: June 2013

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Dysidavarone A.
Authors: Schmalzbauer Bjoern , Herrmann Jennifer , Mueller Rolf , Menche Dirk
Published: June 2013

The first total synthesis of dysidavarone A is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Leached Phase‐Separated Porous Glasses as Support Material in Liquid Phase Heterogeneous Catalysis — A Short Review
Authors: Gallert Thomas , Stolle Achim , Ondruschka Bernd
Published: June 2013

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanopolyoxometalates: From the Structure of Polyanions to the Design of Functional Materials
Authors: Granadeiro Carlos M. , de Castro Baltazar , Balula Salete S. , Cunha‐Silva Luis
Published: June 2013

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetoelectronic Interaction in Magnetically Ordered Materials (Review)
Authors: Bichurin M. I.
Published: June 2013

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni—Mn—X Heusler Materials
Authors: Kainuma Ryosuke , Umetsu Rie Y.
Published: June 2013

Review: X: Al, Ga, In; 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Diagrams of Conventional and Inverse Functional Magnetic Heusler Alloys: New Theoretical and Experimental Investigations
Authors: Entel P. , Gruner M. E. , Hucht A. , Dannenberg A. , Siewert M. , Herper H. C. , Kakeshita T. , Fukuda T. , Sokolovskiy V. V. , Buchelnikov V. D.
Published: June 2013

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polysialic Acid and Polysialylation to Modulate Antibody Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Constantinou Antony , Chen Chen , Deonarain Mahendra P.
Published: June 2013

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Majumder Arpi , Gupta Ragini , Jain Anshu
Published: June 2013

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Hydrogenations
Authors: Paradies Jan
Published: June 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Natural Products with Polycyclic Systems
Authors: Yokoshima Satoshi
Published: June 2013

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Claisen Rearrangement of Aliphatic Allyl Vinyl Ethers from 1912 to 2012: 100 Years of Electrophilic Catalysis
Authors: Rehbein Julia , Hiersemann Martin
Published: June 2013

Review: 201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalent Chemistry on Graphene
Authors: Chua Chun Kiang , Pumera Martin
Published: June 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrabenzoporphyrins: Synthetic Developments and Applications
Authors: Brito Carvalho Carla Marisa , Brocksom Timothy John , de Oliveira Kleber Thiago
Published: June 2013

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods to Produce B—C, B—P, B—N and B—S Bonds in Boron Clusters
Authors: Olid David , Nunez Rosario , Vinas Clara , Teixidor Francesc
Published: June 2013

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress Towards the Development of SH2 Domain Inhibitors
Authors: Kraskouskaya Dziyana , Duodu Eugenia , Arpin Carolynn C. , Gunning Patrick T.
Published: June 2013

Review: 301 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Precipitation Polymerization for Fabrication of Complex Core—Shell Hybrid Particles and Hollow Structures
Authors: Li Guo Liang , Moehwald Helmuth , Shchukin Dmitry G.
Published: June 2013

Review: 197 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropane Analogues: Synthesis and Their Pharmacological Applications
Authors: Ajay Kumar K.
Published: June 2013

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A View Through Novel Process Windows
Authors: Stouten Stefan C. , Noel Timothy , Wang Qi , Hessel Volker
Published: June 2013

Review: recent work on novel unconventional approaches to boost chemical production including use of high temperatures, high pressure and high concentrations; 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Label‐Free Luminescent Oligonucleotide‐Based Probes
Authors: Ma Dik‐Lung , He Hong‐Zhang , Leung Ka‐Ho , Zhong Hai‐Jing , Chan Daniel Shiu‐Hin , Leung Chung‐Hang
Published: June 2013

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids in Separations of Azeotropic Systems
Authors: Pereiro A. B. , Araujo J. M. M. , Esperanca J. M. S. S. , Marrucho I. M. , Rebelo L. P. N.
Published: June 2013

Review: 196 refs.
Enantioseparation of Tröger's Base Derivatives by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors
Authors: Řezanka Pavel , Ryšavá Helena , Havlík Martin , Jakubek Milan , Sýkora David , Král Vladimír
Published: June 2013

The enantioseparation of seven Tröger's base derivatives (TBs) was carried out by capillary electrophoresis using α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrins as chiral selectors and phosphate at 20 mmol/l concentration, pH 2.5, as background electrolyte. The method was optimized with respect to the concentration of chosen chiral selectors (0–50 mmol/l) and the amount of organic solvent (acetonitrile, 0–25 % (v/v)) in the electrolyte. The results indicate that all the studied variables, i.e., type of chiral selector, its concentration, and the amount of the added organic solvent, have a significant impact on the enantioseparation of the studied TBs. The best results for the majority of the separated TBs were obtained utilizing β‐cyclodextrin at 5 mmol/l concentration and with various amounts of acetonitrile added ranging from 5 to 15% (v/v) in the background electrolyte. For the two smallest studied TBs, γ‐cyclodextrin with 10% (v/v) acetonitrile also provided good resolution. Chirality 25:379–383, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Study of Crystalline‐to‐Amorphous Transformation in Chiral Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Peng , Wu Tao , Liu Jian , Zhao Jin‐Cheng , Li Cheng‐Hui , You Xiao‐Zeng
Published: June 2013

Two couples of enantiomeric platinum(II) complexes: Pt(L1a)Cl (1a), Pt(L1b)Cl (1b) and Pt(L1a)(C ≡ C − Ph) (2a), Pt(L1b)(C ≡ C − Ph) (2b) (L1a = (+)‐1,3‐di‐(2‐(4,5‐pinene)pyridyl)benzene, L1b = (−)‐1,3‐di‐(2‐(4,5‐pinene)pyridyl)benzene) were synthesized and characterized. Their absolute configurations were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and further verified by circular dichroism (CD) spectra (including electronic circular dichroism [ECD] and vibrational circular dichroism [VCD]). These complexes show interesting mechanoluminescence and/or vapoluminescence due to crystalline‐to‐amorphous transformation. The crystalline solids, grinding‐induced amorphous powders, and vapor‐induced amorphous powders of complexes 2a and 2b were comparatively investigated by solid‐state ECD and VCD spectra. The transformation from crystalline solids to amorphous powders was accompanied by significant variances of the spectral feature in both ECD and VCD spectra. Chirality 25:384–392, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mass Spectrometry Study and Infrared Spectroscopy of the Complex Between Camphor and the Two Enantiomers of Protonated Alanine: The Role of Higher‐Energy Conformers in the Enantioselectivity of the Dissociation Rate Constants
Authors: Sen Ananya , Le Barbu‐Debus Katia , Scuderi Debora , Zehnacker‐Rentien Anne
Published: June 2013

The properties of the protonated complexes built from S camphor and R or S alanine were studied in a Paul ion trap at room temperature by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and infrared multiple‐photon dissociation spectroscopy (IRMPD), as well as molecular dynamics and ab initio calculations. While the two diastereomer complexes display very similar vibrational spectra in the fingerprint region, in line with similar structures, and almost identical calculated binding energies, their collision‐induced dissociation rates are different. Comparison of the IRMPD results to computed spectra shows that the SS and SR complexes both contain protonated alanine strongly hydrogen‐bonded to the keto group of camphor. The floppiness of this structure around the NH+…O = C hydrogen bond results in a complex potential energy surface showing multiple minima. Calculating the dissociation rate constant within the frame of the transition state theory shows that the fragmentation rate larger for the heterochiral SR complex than the homochiral SS complex can be explained in terms of two almost isoenergetic low‐energy conformers in the latter that are not present for the former. Chirality 25:436‐443, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined Use of Ionic Liquid and Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin for the Enantioseparation of Ten Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Cui Yan , Ma Xiaowei , Zhao Min , Jiang Zhen , Xu Shuying , Guo Xingjie
Published: June 2013

In the present study, hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and an ionic liquid (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐l‐lactate) were used as additives in capillary electrophoresis for the enantioseparation of 10 analytes, including ofloxacin, propranolol hydrochloride, dioxopromethazine hydrochloride, isoprenaline hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, liarozole, tropicamide, amlodipine benzenesulfonate, brompheniramine maleate, and homatropine methylbromide. The effects of ionic liquid concentrations, salt effect, cations, and anions of ionic liquids on enantioseparation were investigated and the results proved that there was a synergistic effect between hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and the ionic liquid, and the cationic part of the ionic liquid played an important role in the increased resolution. With the developed dual system, all the enantiomers of 10 analytes were well separated in resolutions of 5.35, 1.76, 1.85, 2.48, 2.88, 1.43, 5.45, 4.35, 2.76, and 2.98, respectively. In addition, the proposed method was applied to the determination of the enantiomeric purity of S‐ofloxacin after validation of the method in terms of selectivity, repeatability, linearity range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quality (LOQ). Chirality 25:409–414, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimisation of an industrial wastewater decontamination plant: An environment‐oriented approach
Authors: Charles Jérémie , Crini Grégorio , Bradu Corina , Torri Giangiacomo , Gavoille Sophie , Sancey Bertrand , Morin‐Crini Nadia , Trunfio Giuseppe , Badot Pierre‐Marie , Winterton Peter , Lagarrigue Céline
Published: June 2013

Over a period of 24 months of operation, we optimised a physicochemical plant for the decontamination of surface treatment industrial wastewater. This article presents the abatements obtained in the levels of chemical pollution after the various optimisations validated in the laboratory and then transposed to the industrial site. The optimisation of the plant reduced the effluent organic load, nitrite and zinc levels by about 70%, 85% and 80%, respectively. To evaluate the utility of each optimisation proposal, standard bioassays based on lettuce seed germination were carried out on the final effluent. Decreasing concentrations of pollutants in the effluent led to a reduction of its impact on seed germination. The bioassays confirmed the environmental benefits obtained from the optimisation of the treatment plant. The biological tests proposed seem to be good indicators of the contaminant concentrations present in wastewater.
Rheological characterisation and phenomenological modelling of non‐aqueous nano‐suspensions of iron carbide produced by plasma spray
Authors: Abatzoglou Nicolas , Gosselin Ryan , Inam Muhammad Asif
Published: June 2013

Opaque non‐aqueous suspensions of nano‐particles mixtures are difficult to analyse directly in terms of particle behaviour under shear conditions (flow). This work proposes a rheological characterisation of a nano‐iron‐carbide‐rich solid phase dispersed in decalin. These suspensions have shown a non‐Newtonian, shear thinning, no‐thixotropic behaviour at three temperature levels and five concentration levels. Based on acoustic attenuation spectroscopy, it is concluded that the aggregation state of the suspension does not change with solids content. The relationship between viscosity, concentration and shear rate was modelled at three temperature levels using two phenomenological methods.
Impact of fugitive bitumen on polymer‐based flocculation of mature fine tailings
Authors: Klein Colin , Harbottle David , Alagha Lana , Xu Zhenghe
Published: June 2013

In bitumen recovery from oil sands, a percentage of the bitumen is lost to tailings. The effect of fugitive bitumen on fines settling and consolidation in tailings ponds remains controversial. In the current study, the settling performance of mature fine tailings (MFT) in response to flocculant addition was considered by studying MFT of varying bitumen content. Bitumen content in the MFT was adjusted by controlled removal of bitumen using a Denver flotation cell. The initial settling rate of flocculated MFT was observed to increase with decreasing bitumen content from 0.45 to 0.18 wt%. A further reduction in bitumen content was found to dramatically decrease the settling rate of flocculated MFT. Such behaviour seems counterintuitive since the polymer flocculant was found to have a greater affinity for ‘clean’ surfaces (Al2O3) than for bitumen contaminated surfaces, as measured by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D), which would predict a further increase in settling rate of flocculated MFT with decreasing bitumen content. The reduction in settling rate below a critical bitumen content is thought to result from selective removal of hydrophobic solids, since washing of untreated MFT with toluene is shown to significantly improve settling of flocculated solids. The current study confirms the use of flotation as a viable option to control MFT bitumen content and improve the settling rate of flocculated MFT.
Vascular changes after stroke in the rat: a longitudinal study using optimized magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Boehm‐Sturm Philipp , Farr Tracy D. , Adamczak Joanna , Jikeli Jan F. , Mengler Luam , Wiedermann Dirk , Kallur Therése , Kiselev Valerij , Hoehn Mathias
Published: June 2013

During stroke, the reduction of blood flow leads to undersupply of oxygen and nutrients and, finally, to cell death, but also to upregulation of pro‐angiogenic molecules and vascular remodeling. However, the temporal profile of vascular changes after stroke is still poorly understood. Here, we optimized steady‐state contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (SSCE MRI) and followed the dynamic changes in vascular architecture for up to 4 weeks after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Using MRI diffusion measurements and the changes of transversal relaxation rates ΔR2 and after injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent, SSCE MRI provided several hemodynamic parameters: relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), rCBV in small vessels, microvascular density, and relative vessel size. Six rats underwent SSCE MRI before MCAO and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery. 5‐Bromo‐2′deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected between days 2 and 7 to label proliferating cells during this time. SSCE MRI depicted a decrease in microvessel density and an increase in vessel size in the ischemic striatum after stroke. A persistently decreased MRI vessel density was confirmed with histology at 28 days. BrdU + endothelial cells were found in regions close to the infarct indicating endothelial cell proliferation during the first week after MCAO; however, late‐stage angiogenesis, as would be reflected by increased vessel density, was not detected. The optimized SSCE MRI protocol was used to follow spatio‐temporal changes of important vessel characteristics, which may contribute to a better understanding of the role of angiogenesis at different stages after stroke. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
15N‐Permethylated amino acids as efficient probes for MRI‐DNP applications
Authors: Chiavazza Enrico , Viale Alessandra , Karlsson Magnus , Aime Silvio
Published: June 2013

The synthesis, NMR properties and preliminary polarization tests on protonated and perdeuterated forms of α‐trimethylglutamine (NMe3Gln), α‐trimethylglutamate (NMe3Glu) and ε‐trimethyllysine (NMe3Lys) are reported. The 15N‐permethylated, perdeuterated amino acids display very long 15N‐T1 values, ranging between 190 and 330 s, are well polarized by the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) procedure, yielding good polarization levels (10%), and appear to be well tolerated by cells and mice. The obtained results make perdeuterated amino acids excellent candidates for innovative DNP 15N‐MRI applications such as perfusion or targeting studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of the Design of Extremely Thin Absorber Solar Cells Based on Electrodeposited ZnO Nanowires
Authors: Lévy‐Clément Claude , Elias Jamil
Published: June 2013

The properties of the components of ZnO/CdSe/CuSCN extremely thin absorber (ETA) solar cells based on electrodeposited ZnO nanowires (NWs) were investigated. The goal was to study the influence of their morphology on the characteristics of the solar cells. To increase the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell, it was generally proposed to increase the roughness factor of the ZnO NW arrays (i.e. to increase the NW length) with the purpose of decreasing the absorber thickness, improving the light scattering, and consequently the light absorption in the ZnO/CdSe NW arrays. However, this strategy increased the recombination centers, which affected the efficiency of the solar cell. We developed another strategy that acts on the optical configuration of the solar cells by increasing the diameter of the ZnO NW (from 100 to 330 nm) while maintaining a low roughness factor. We observed that the scattering of the ZnO NW arrays occurred over a large wavelength range and extended closer to the CdSe absorber bandgap, and this led to an enhancement in the effective absorption of the ZnO/CdSe NW arrays and an increase in the solar cell characteristics. We found that the thicknesses of CuSCN above the ZnO/CdSe NW tips and the CdSe coating layer were optimized at 1.5 μm and 30 nm, respectively. Optimized ZnO/CdSe/CuSCN solar cells exhibiting 3.2 % solar energy conversion efficiency were obtained by using 230 nm diameter ZnO NWs.
Intrinsic Peroxidase Catalytic Activity of Fe7S8 Nanowires Templated from [Fe16S20]/Diethylenetriamine Hybrid Nanowires
Authors: Yao Wei‐Tang , Zhu Hai‐Zhou , Li Wei‐Gu , Yao Hong‐Bin , Wu Yu‐Cheng , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: June 2013

Iron sulfide compounds are emerging as an important family of functional materials owing to their important properties and their applications in different technical fields. Well‐defined Fe7S8 nanowires templated by thermal decomposition of [Fe16S20]/diethylenetriamine hybrid nanowires under an argon atmosphere are reported. As‐prepared Fe7S8 nanowires show typical Michaelis–Menten kinetics and good affinity to both H2O2 and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine. At pH 7.0, the constructed UV/Vis sensor showed a linear range for the detection of H2O2 from 0.5 to 150 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The H2O2 sensor based on the Fe7S8 nanowires shows a highly sensitive response and has better stability than horseradish peroxidase when exposed to solutions with different pH values and temperatures. These excellent properties make the as‐prepared Fe7S8 nanowires powerful tools for potential applications as an “artificial peroxidase” in biosensors and biotechnology.
Growth and spectral properties of Er3+/Tm3+ co‐doped LiYF4 single crystal
Authors: Wang Peiyuan , Xia Haiping , Peng Jiangtao , Hu Haoyang , Tang Lei , Dong Yanming , Fu Li , Jiang Haochuan , Chen Baojiu
Published: June 2013

High quality Er3+/Tm3+:LiYF4 single crystals were grown by a Bridgman method. The absorption spectra and luminescent properties of the crystals were studied to characterize the effect of Tm3+ on the spectroscopic properties upon excitation of an 800 nm laser diode. The broaden 1.5 μm and the enhanced 2.7 μm emission were observed in the Er3+/Tm3+ co‐doped LiYF4 single crystals. Meanwhile, the up‐conversion and 1.5 μm emission intensities from Er3+ decrease with increasing the ratio of Tm3+ to Er3+. The energy transfer processes between Tm3+ and Er3+ in the Er3+/Tm3+ co‐doped samples were analyzed. The energy transfer efficiency ηETE from Er3+ to Tm3+ is calculated. The highest ηETE of 65.30% for the sample with 0.296 mol% of Er3+, 0.496 mol% of Tm3+ concentration was obtained. The present work indicates that Er3+/Tm3+ co‐doped LiYF4 single crystal can be a promising material for the potential application in infrared devices.
Methane Adsorption on Aggregates of Fullerenes: Site‐Selective Storage Capacities and Adsorption Energies
Authors: Kaiser Alexander , Zöttl Samuel , Bartl Peter , Leidlmair Christian , Mauracher Andreas , Probst Michael , Denifl Stephan , Echt Olof , Scheier Paul
Published: June 2013

Methane adsorption on positively charged aggregates of C60 is investigated by both mass spectrometry and computer simulations. Calculated adsorption energies of 118–281 meV are in the optimal range for high‐density storage of natural gas. Groove sites, dimple sites, and the first complete adsorption shells are identified experimentally and confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, using a newly developed force field for methane–methane and fullerene–methane interaction. The effects of corrugation and curvature are discussed and compared with data for adsorption on graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
Optimizing content routers deployment in large‐scale information centric core‐edge separation Internet
Authors: Chen Jia , Zhang Hongke , Zhou Huachun , Luo Hongbin
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we investigate the optimization of content router deployment in large‐scale information centric core‐edge separation Internet. We formulate the target cost function, which captures the trade‐off between the cost for traffic transmission and cost due to additional deployment of content routers. To solve the problem, we first derive the analytical results of traffic ratio and its closed‐form approximation. We then construct a convex optimization problem, from which the optimal deployment probability can be solved. By extensive numerical results, the accuracy of the closed‐form approximation of traffic ratio is demonstrated. And, it is found that the optimal deployment probability is decided by the average number of hops for obtaining the content, the cost for traffic transmission, and the cost of extending router to content router. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional neuroanatomy of body checking in people with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Suda Masashi , Brooks Samantha J. , Giampietro Vincent , Friederich Hans‐Christoph , Uher Rudolf , Brammer Michael J. , Williams Steven C.R. , Campbell Iain C. , Treasure Janet
Published: June 2013

Objective

The neural correlates of body checking perceptions in eating disorders have not yet been identified. This functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study examined the neuroanatomy involved in altered perception and identification with body checking in female with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method

Brain activation while viewing images depicting normal weight individuals involved in either body checking behavior or a neutral (noneating disorder) body action, was compared between 20 females with AN and 15 matched healthy controls (HC).

Results

Females with AN reported higher anxiety compared to HC during the body checking task. The level of anxiety positively correlated with body shape concern scores. People with AN had less activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and right fusiform gyrus compared to HC in response to body checking compared to neutral action images. Body shape concern scores correlated negatively with medial PFC activation in AN group.

Discussion

This preliminary study with modest power suggests that AN patients have reduced activation in cortical areas associated with self‐reference, body action perception, and social cognition in females with AN. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:653–662)
Synthesis of Substituted Oxazoles from N‐Benzyl Propargyl Amines and Acid Chlorides
Authors: v. Wachenfeldt Henrik , Paulsen Filip , Sundin Anders , Strand Daniel
Published: June 2013

The reaction between N‐benzylpropargylamines and acid chlorides at elevated temperatures provides efficient, direct access to a variety of di‐ and tri‐substituted oxazoles. The versatility of this reaction is explored and 21 examples are demonstrated. The usefulness of the methodology is showcased through the short and efficient formal syntheses of medicinally relevant drugs aleglitazar and romazarit.
Community identity as resource and context: A mixed method investigation of coping and collective action in a disadvantaged community
Authors: McNamara Niamh , Stevenson Clifford , Muldoon Orla T.
Published: June 2013

Social identities enhance members' well‐being through the provision of social support and feelings of collective efficacy as well as by acting as a basis for collective action. However, the precise mechanisms through which identification acts to enhance well‐being can be complicated by stigmatisation, which potentially undermines solidarity and collective action. The present research examines a real‐world stigmatised community group in order to investigate the following: (1) the community identity processes that act to enhance well‐being and collective action and (2) the consequences of stigmatisation for these processes. Study 1 consisted of a household survey conducted in disadvantaged areas of Limerick city in Ireland. Participants (n = 322) completed measures of community identification, social support, collective efficacy, community action and psychological well‐being. Mediation analysis indicated that perceptions of collective efficacy are an important mediator of the effect of identification upon well‐being. However, levels of self‐reported community action were low and unrelated to community identification. In Study 2, 14 follow‐up multiple‐participant interviews with residents and community group workers were thematically analysed, revealing high levels of stigmatisation, which was reported to lead to disengagement from identity‐related collective action. These findings indicate the potential for stigma to reduce collective action through undermining solidarity and social support. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative deprivation versus system justification: Polemical social representations and identity positioning in a post‐Soviet society
Authors: Kus Larissa , Liu James , Ward Colleen
Published: June 2013

Societal changes involving power reversal may pose challenges to system justification by a subordinate minority group that had previously held a more privileged position. Derived from originally exploratory qualitative investigation, this paper presents an account of endorsement of justifying the status quo versus the voicing relative deprivation in the context of post‐Soviet Estonia. Experiences of alternative societal arrangements in history were actively deployed by (minority ethnic) Estonian Russians to generate temporal comparisons with the past as a cognitive alternative to the present status quo and give voice to experiences of relative deprivation. A struggle for positive social identity was interpreted to motivate Estonian Russians to mobilize the past as a cognitive alternative to delegitimize the status quo. By contrast, Russians were portrayed as invaders, and the Soviet past was represented as unjust by (the majority ethnic) Estonians, whereas the present system was depicted as fair and equitable. Mutually, polemical representations of history and narratives of identity provide the lenses through which the legitimacy of new societal arrangements following the major social change is interpreted. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed Methods and Credibility of Evidence in Evaluation
Authors: Mertens Donna M. , Hesse‐Biber Sharlene
Published: June 2013

We argue for a view of credible evidence that is multidimensional in philosophical and methodological terms. We advocate for the importance of deepening the meaning of credible evaluation practice and findings by bringing multiple philosophical and theoretical lenses to the evaluation process as a basis for the use of mixed methods in evaluation, thus providing evaluators with strategies for garnering more complex and diverse perspectives on the creation of credible evidence. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Incorporating Qualitative Evidence in Systematic Reviews: Strategies and Challenges
Authors: Caracelli Valerie J. , Cooksy Leslie J.
Published: June 2013

The quality of mixed methods systematic reviews relies on the quality of primary‐level studies. The synthesis of qualitative evidence and the recent development of synthesizing mixed methods studies hold promise, but also pose challenges to evidence synthesis. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Reflections and Ruminations
Authors: Greene Jennifer C.
Published: June 2013

This is a timely issue on the contributions of mixed methodology to the contemporary demand for credible evaluative evidence on which to base policy and resource‐allocation decisions. The character of evidence—especially evidence on the quality and effectiveness of efforts to improve the life quality or even life chances of many in our societies—requires the best minds from all corners of the evaluation community. The mixed methods voice is needed in the evidence‐based conversation. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Cemented mounds and hydrothermal sediments on the detachment surface at Kane Megamullion: A new manifestation of hydrothermal venting
Authors: Tucholke Brian E. , Humphris Susan E. , Dick Henry J. B.
Published: June 2013

Long‐lived detachment faults are now known to be important in tectonic evolution of slow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges, and there is increasing evidence that fluid flow plays a critical role in development of detachment systems. Here we document a new manifestation of low‐temperature hydrothermal venting associated with the detachment fault that formed Kane Megamullion ∼3.3–2.1 m.y. ago in the western rift‐valley wall of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Hydrothermal effects on the detachment surface include (1) cemented mounds of igneous rock and chalk debris containing hydrothermal Mn oxides and Fe oxyhydroxides, and (2) layered deposits of similar Fe‐Mn minerals ± interbedded chalks. Mounds are roughly conical, ∼1–10 m high, and contain primarily basalts with lesser gabbro, serpentinite, and polymict breccia. The layered Fe‐Mn‐rich sediments are flat‐bedded to contorted and locally are buckled into low‐relief linear or polygonal ridges. We propose that the mounds formed where hydrothermal fluids discharged through the detachment hanging wall near the active fault trace. Hydrothermal precipitates cemented hanging‐wall debris and welded it to the footwall, and this debris persisted as mounds as the footwall was exhumed and surrounding unconsolidated material sloughed off the sloping detachment surface. Some of the layered Fe‐Mn‐rich deposits may have precipitated from fluids discharging from the hanging‐wall vents, but they also precipitated from low‐temperature fluids venting from the exposed footwall through overlying chalks. Observed natural disturbance and abnormally thin hydrogenous Fe‐Mn crusts on some contorted, hydrothermal Fe‐Mn‐rich chalks on ∼2.7 Ma crust suggest diffuse venting that is geologically recent. Results of this study imply that there are significant fluid pathways through all parts of detachment systems and that low‐temperature venting through fractured detachment footwalls may continue for several million years off‐axis.
Diametric changes in trends and patterns of extreme rainfall over India from pre‐1950 to post‐1950
Authors: Vittal H. , Karmakar Subhankar , Ghosh Subimal
Published: June 2013

Spatially aggregated extreme rainfall over India shows an increasing trend over the last 50 years of the 20th century, while fine‐resolution analysis reveals a spatially nonuniform trend. Analysis of 104 years (1901–2004) extreme precipitation over India at 1° resolution, using Extreme Value Theory, reveals that post‐1950 extreme rainfall characteristics (intensity, duration, and frequency) and their trends are significantly different from those of before 1950, with spatial nonuniformity. Majority of the locations in India have post‐1950 trends of extremes with a different sign as compared to pre‐1950. Further investigations with statistical change point analysis reveal that fraction of grid points having post‐1975 changes is maximum. Majority of the urbanized areas have post‐1975 change points, while the same is not true for nonurban areas. As urbanization has intensified during 1971–1981 in India, these results indicate the possible impacts of urbanization on extreme rainfall trends and patterns.
SUPPLY‐SIDE RESPONSE TO DECLINING HEROIN PURITY: FENTANYL OVERDOSE EPISODE IN NEW JERSEY
Authors: Hempstead Katherine , Yildirim Emel O.
Published: June 2013

The inelastic price demand observations characteristic of illegal drug markets have led to the conclusion that the burden of a negative supply shock would be completely reflected to consumers. This paper argues that the increasing availability of prescription opioids may threaten heroin sellers' profit margin and force them to find alternative methods to compensate buyers in the event of a supply shock. We investigate the 2006 fentanyl overdose episode in New Jersey and argue that the introduction of non‐pharmaceutical fentanyl, its spatial distribution, and the timing of overdose deaths may have been related to trends in heroin purity. Using medical examiner data, as well as data from the Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control on retail sales of prescription opioids in a negative binomial specification, we show that month‐to‐month fluctuations in heroin purity have a significant effect on fentanyl‐related overdoses, particularly in those areas where prescription opioids are highly available. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homeostatic generation of reactive oxygen species protects the zebrafish liver from steatosis
Authors: Nussbaum Justin M. , Liu Liuhong J. , Hasan Syeda A. , Schaub Madeline , McClendon Allyson , Stainier Didier Y.R. , Sakaguchi Takuya F.
Published: June 2013

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease in both adults and children. The earliest stage of this disease is hepatic steatosis, in which triglycerides are deposited as cytoplasmic lipid droplets in hepatocytes. Through a forward genetic approach in zebrafish, we found that

guanosine monophosphate (GMP) synthetase

mutant larvae develop hepatic steatosis. We further demonstrate that activity of the small GTPase Rac1 and Rac1-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are down-regulated in

GMP synthetase

mutant larvae. Inhibition of Rac1 activity or ROS production in wild-type larvae by small molecule inhibitors was sufficient to induce hepatic steatosis. More conclusively, treating larvae with hydrogen peroxide, a diffusible ROS that has been implicated as a signaling molecule, alleviated hepatic steatosis in both

GMP synthetase

mutant and Rac1 inhibitor-treated larvae, indicating that homeostatic production of ROS is required to prevent hepatic steatosis. We further found that ROS positively regulate the expression of the

triglyceride hydrolase

gene, which is responsible for the mobilization of stored triglycerides in hepatocytes. Consistently, inhibition of triglyceride hydrolase activity in wild-type larvae by a small molecule inhibitor was sufficient to induce hepatic steatosis.

Conclusion

:

De novo

GMP synthesis influences the activation of the small GTPase Rac1, which controls hepatic lipid dynamics through ROS-mediated regulation of

triglyceride hydrolase

expression in hepatocytes. (Hepatology 2013;58:1326–1338)
Protein kinase a-dependent pSer675-β-catenin, a novel signaling defect in a mouse model of congenital hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Spirli Carlo , Locatelli Luigi , Morell Carola M. , Fiorotto Romina , Morton Stuart D. , Cadamuro Massimiliano , Fabris Luca , Strazzabosco Mario
Published: June 2013

Genetically determined loss of fibrocystin function causes congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF), Caroli disease (CD), and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Cystic dysplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts and progressive portal fibrosis characterize liver pathology in CHF/CD. At a cellular level, several functional morphological and signaling changes have been reported including increased levels of 3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In this study we addressed the relationships between increased cAMP and β-catenin. In cholangiocytes isolated and cultured from

Pkhd1del4/del4

mice, stimulation of cAMP/PKA signaling (forskolin 10 μM) stimulated Ser675-phosphorylation of β-catenin, its nuclear localization, and its transcriptional activity (western blot and TOP flash assay, respectively) along with a down-regulation of E-cadherin expression (immunocytochemistry and western blot); these changes were inhibited by the PKA blocker, PKI (1 μM). The Rho-GTPase, Rac-1, was also significantly activated by cAMP in

Pkhd1del4/del4

cholangiocytes. Rac-1 inhibition blocked cAMP-dependent nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of pSer675-β-catenin. Cell migration (Boyden chambers) was significantly higher in cholangiocytes obtained from

Pkhd1del4/del4

and was inhibited by: (1) PKI, (2) silencing β-catenin (siRNA), and (3) the Rac-1 inhibitor NSC 23766.

Conclusion:

These data show that in fibrocystin-defective cholangiocytes, cAMP/PKA signaling stimulates pSer675-phosphorylation of β-catenin and Rac-1 activity. In the presence of activated Rac-1, pSer675-β-catenin is translocated to the nucleus, becomes transcriptionally active, and is responsible for increased motility of

Pkhd1del4/del4

cholangiocytes. β-Catenin-dependent changes in cell motility may be central to the pathogenesis of the disease and represent a potential therapeutic target. (Hepatology 2013;58:1713–1723)
Sleep-Wake Abnormalities in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Montagnese Sara , De Pittà Cristiano , De Rui Michele , Corrias Michela , Turco Matteo , Merkel Carlo , Amodio Piero , Costa Rodolfo , Skene Debra J. , Gatta Angelo
Published: June 2013

A considerable proportion of patients with cirrhosis exhibit insomnia, delayed sleep habits, and excessive daytime sleepiness. These have been variously attributed to hepatic encephalopathy and impaired hepatic melatonin metabolism, but the understanding of their pathophysiology remains limited and their treatment problematic. Sleep is regulated by the interaction of a homeostatic and a circadian process. The homeostatic process determines sleep propensity in relation to sleep-wake history, thus the need to sleep increases with the duration of the waking period. The circadian process, which is marked by the 24-hour rhythm of the hormone melatonin, is responsible for the alternation of high/low sleep propensity in relation to dark/light cues. Circadian sleep regulation has been studied in some depth in patients with cirrhosis, who show delays in the 24-hour melatonin rhythm, most likely in relation to reduced sensitivity to light cues. However, while melatonin abnormalities are associated with delayed sleep habits, they do not seem to offer a comprehensive explanation to the insomnia exhibited by these patients. Fewer data are available on homeostatic sleep control: it has been recently hypothesized that patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy might be unable, due to excessive daytime sleepiness, to accumulate the need/ability to produce restorative sleep. This review will describe in some detail the features of sleep-wake disturbances in patients with cirrhosis, their mutual relationships, and those, if any, with hepatic failure/hepatic encephalopathy. A separate section will cover the available information on their pathophysiology. Finally, etiological treatment will be briefly discussed. (Hepatology 2014;59:705–712)