The Dialectic Moments of Wissenschaftslehre
Authors: Denizhan Abdullah 
Published: December 2022

Fichte’s Science of Knowledge (Wissenschaftslehre) creates the basis of his own philosophical system. In this work, it is possible to see the main lines of the "philosophy of action", which has become a kind of equivalent of the "Fichte Philosophy" in the literature. For Fichte, who identifies his philosophy with his own life, a whole philosophical adventure is to complete the moments which the Ego will create with action/posit. As a matter of fact, we can easily see that Fichte was constantly in action in his life. The Science of Knowledge (Wissenschaftslehre), which came into existence in such an adventure of life, will show that all the actions of humanity have a final telos. Science of Knowledge is tasked with positing the principles of the independent sciences. Because, according to Fichte, another science from which each science will take its principles is almost compulsory. Since sciences cannot produce their own principles, such an occupation is the subject of another science that has not made the particular field an occupation. The science tasked with positing these principles to other sciences is the 'Science of Knowledge (Wissenschaftslehre)'. Also, the Wissenschaftslehre itself is an independent science. Just as the other sciences that construct their own understanding of science with the principles laid down by the Science of Knowledge (Wissenschaftslehre) are independent and have issues and issues within themselves. As a matter of fact, this field of science, like other sciences, has an object that it examines, which is human. Science of Knowledge shows that as a starting point, following the preparation process that a person creates with false assumptions (sense certainty) before becoming aware of his own reflection ability, and then becoming aware of his own reflection ability. At this stage, the subject is in a state of contentment that is not yet real. After these stages, a follow-up of the Ego process, in which this awareness (reflection ability) is achieved, and afterwards, is carried out in the Science of Knowledge. The basic question of the Science of Knowledge is to describe how the ego can know something, and through which processes this act of knowing takes place In this sense, Science of Knowledge is concerned with following human reasoning and processes regarding knowledge. In this way, what is done is to reveal a philosophical anthropology of humanity. No action in the past can be snatch off the individual existence of the subject. Because each subject is the Absolute Ego who walking around the world. Especially the revision of the Science of Knowledge in 1810 and the text titled Basic Characteristics of Our Age give a different meaning to historical actions However, it should not be forgotten that the philosophical heritage of humanity is on the verge of great crisis of thought, especially in the period when Fichte lived. Science of Knowledge, which is the product of such a painful process, inherited some philosophical legacies before it in some aspects. It is among the main aims of Science of Knowledge, especially to evaluate the actions of human beings in the context of a final telos. Following the philosophical legacy and establishment upon which the Science of Knowledge, which has acquired such a task, is built, will strengthen the understanding of all the assignments that the Science of Knowledge has undertaken. However, one of the objectives of this research is to understand how Schelling and Hegel, who came after Fichte and created a new threshold in the literature in different ways with their History and Systematic Philosophies, were influenced by Fichte. Shortly in this study, the philosophical traditions, the initial principles, the dialectical moments and the freedom that will be seen at the end will be followed depictly.