bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Focus: Oilfield Chemistry (September 2022)
Authors: Fuller Michael J.
Published: October 2022

The technical arena of oilfield chemistry is no longer an area of interest only to production operations. When completions operations (including hydraulic fracturing) yield wells with a low productivity index (PI), all chemical constituents introduced downhole (e.g., drilling, completions, and stimulation) are scrutinized for deleterious interactions with the mineralogy, formation fluids, and one another. Field-relevant work flows and improved test methods are critical to the investigation of root causes for a low PI.

Several studies have been published showcasing new additives and fluids that can improve well productivity. However, often the methods to select and optimize these products do not account for the uncertainties and challenges of an actual wellsite (e.g., sample collection and integrity, challenging surface conditions, and representative samples).

Operators must challenge themselves first to document and rank the most likely causes of low or declining well productivity using actual well samples and parameters. Then, collaboration with chemical and service providers is used to technically justify (a) the selection and optimization of chemical additives to maintain or stimulate productivity on existing producers and (b) the optimization of additives for future well completions in the same reservoir.

The selected papers represent sophisticated work around the phenomena of scale and precipitation that can have dramatic effects on productivity, specifically in shale and tight completions. These papers include comprehensive work flows to analyze recovered samples (to confirm damage identification) as well as improved methods to analyze the concentration of scale inhibitor in produced water with enhanced simplicity and accuracy. The selections also include integrated studies of the phenomena of chemical species at critical interfaces (formation, cement, and casing) that can seed production of damaging deposits, with an eye toward prevention of their effects on productivity.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 205284 Surfactant and Friction-Reducer Interaction in High-Salinity Slickwater Fracturing by Abdelrahman Kotb, Texas A&M University, et al.

SPE 209507 The Oda Field: From Scale Prediction to Reality—Why Squeezing Was Not Necessary Despite a High Calcium Sulphate Risk by Baard Kaasa, Scale Consult, et al.

URTeC 208302 A Flexible Biomimetic Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic 3D Macroporous Polymer-Based Robust Network for the Efficient Separation of Oil-Contaminated Water by Fahd I. Alghunaimi, Saudi Aramco, et al.
An Integrated Management of Change Program (MOC) for Oil and Gas Industry through Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts.
Authors: Laskar Sandipan
Published: October 2022

New Technologies (blockchain, autonomous cars, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things) are revolutionizing industries such as finance, banking and transportation by improving efficiency and effectiveness in these businesses around the world. However, not much work is done on applying these technologies in the oil and gas industry. So, a tremendous opportunity exists to leverage these new technologies for possible applications in oil and gas. This paper explores the application of blockchain and smart contracts in managing an effective Management of Change (MOC) program and integrating it with operations to process real-time changes leading to faster and safer decision making. The paper is divided into two sections; the first provides an overview of the technology, and the second focuses on integrating smart contracts and blockchain technology to leverage the MOC program. This paper could be used to roll out new and improve existing MOC programs.

The application of emerging technologies such as distributed ledger and smart contracts are still at the rudimentary level for oil and gas with few applications around trading and logistics. This paper unlocks the possible application in managing changes in the oil and gas, which will provide a solid platform for future innovations. The oil and gas industry are moving at a faster pace to achieve the next level of efficiency and effectiveness for sustainable growth, the key will remain in the early adoption of these emerging technologies for safer operation. The application mentioned in this paper will provide a company with an additional competitive advantage as they could effectively manage their data to make faster decisions; and achieve higher efficiency and safer operations simultaneously.
RFID-GPS Enabled Project Material Control
Authors: Sahoo Subrat
Published: October 2022

Material control plays a vital role in the success of any construction linked Project. Any deviation in material identification and traceability due to human error, leads to cost and time impact due to shortages, delays due to re-ordering and price escalation. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device coupled with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology helps in maintaining real-time material database, with real-time location of materials at all stages of the project. RFID technology helps in the material identification and RFID tags are used for locating the materials utilizing the contact-less RFID reader. GPS technology helps in material positioning segment indicating the material location in the designated grid. RFID and GPS together establish their coordinates which instantly detects the material position and indicates an image of the storage yard digitally on the screen that eases material traceability in the designated space. Implementation of an RFID-GPS enabled material control system creates a dynamic material database that brings in transparency and real-time information on material status.

RFID-GPS system enables ‘End to End’ Material Tracking with updated real-time data and physical availability status throughout project duration starting from the receipt, storage, issuance and further installation at site till start-up. RFID-GPS enabled system ensures faster delivery of material information as compared to the manual processes and aids material coordinator with reliable information that can help to take decisions for optimization of the project vitals. Real-time information about material receipt upon entry into project premises without time lag helps to acknowledge missing items and generate short supply materials instantly, thereby averting schedule disruption. Any missing or un-traceable material is notified well in advance for timely action. Dynamic material database keeps all stakeholders in unison on the inventory status and can reduce incidents or loss of material from site. The system has definite advantage of reducing the Construction man-days lost due to re-works arising out of material identification, searching, segregation based on material composition. RFID systems have the potential to improve work productivity and enhancing better project schedule adherence, overcoming human error in manual material control at project sites.
Break Down the limiting Walls - Rise Initiative
Authors: Almentheri Ibtihaj Jaber , Alsulaimani Mariam Mubarak , Almarzooqi Ahlam Mohamed , Alteneiji Sherooq Saleh , Alhammadi Fatima Saleh , Kutty Shafir Mohamed , Alawadhi Marwan Abdulwahab
Published: October 2022

Communication is considered to be one of the major challenges that affects the individuals' and organization's development. The challenge has amplified with the sudden outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic worldwide and the stringent directions put in place. Ultimately, "Rise" initiative strategy was formed to focus on People improvement through establishing sub-teams that enhance employee satisfaction, instill knowledge sharing, promote people development, enhance current processes and advance our division to Excellence.

"Rise" is based on ‘Zero-cost ideas’ budgeting method and tangible contribution to Core Pillars of our company (People, Profitability and Sustainability). It consists of five cross-departmental teams named: Connect, Career Development, Process Optimization, Communities and Excellence. Each team has clear roles and responsibilities which led by young and self-driven engineers.

"Rise" teams generated more than 30 activities that support our company diversified Operation as well as its employees. Diversification in this context includes skills, experiences and techniques to perform tasks. All "Rise" activities have shaped the way we communicate and strengthen connection within division employees, company units, and other stakeholders. It enhanced the concept of collaborative work and knowledge sharing that led to people development in technical and non-technical aspects, boast confidence among themselves and with their peers and superiors. Also, it provided them with opportunities on both personal and professional profile persistently.

It is clear by all the activities taking place as part of Rise that people are being treated as the first priority. By creating a respectful, inclusive and engaging work environment the employees will seek to enhance and perform effectively
Enhancing Youth Employees Experience and Engagement Using a Designed Culture
Authors: Al Hajri Saif Salem
Published: October 2022

The proposed paper has the main objective of exploring the impact of a designed organizational culture on the engagement of employees within their firms or institutions. The experience will focus on three aspects: engagement, experience, and designed culture which are all aimed at connecting with the employees better in order to motivate and keep them engaged as they perform their duties and responsibilities.

The proposed paper plans to follow a qualitative research study, following an action research where the researcher will apply the conceptual framework and examine its impact and effectiveness on the overall employee engagement. Qualitative research was chosen to explore the experiences of the study participants or the leaders, managers, and employees of oil and gas firms on how a designed culture could positively or negatively impact the experience and engagement of the employees as stakeholders. An action research approach under qualitative research was chosen as Burns (2015) defined it a one that focuses on collaboration, discourse, and action among participants within a system.

The results of the qualitative action research led to the development of a conceptual framework focused on three specific areas: designed culture, experience, and engagement. These three areas are considered as the key organisational aspects that must be given attention to in order to create a positive impact on the experiences and engagement of the oil and gas firms or institutions’ employees or stakeholders. Under a designed organisational culture, the management gives significance to three factors and actors including: organisational functions (25%), senior leadership (25%), and line managers (50%). With the designed organisational culture, the organisational functions give value to open communication and feedback between the management, leaders, and employees. This type of organisational culture works to interact and engage with the employees by constantly communicating with and listening to their needs. As for senior leadership, they are tasked to make crucial policy decisions, set their firms’ strategies and goals, and shape the overall culture of their institution. The line managers have the biggest role in this framework, where they are tasked to perform "Thrive Sessions" or a designated time to connect with their team members. Based on the designed culture, employee experience and engagement may then be influenced accordingly.
Advance Work Packaging and Workface Planning ADAA
Authors: Al Balushi Yahya Abdullah , Bait Ishaq Ibrahim Mohamed , Al Naamani Ahmed Abdullah , Seth Bharat Narayan
Published: October 2022

Within Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), traditional projects execution is the norm in portfolio projects, where the focus is on defining the scope of engineering, then moving on to procurement, followed by construction, pre-commissioning, and finally start-up. This leads to productivity challenges during execution due to limited Workfront availability to labour on site, ideal time due to material unavailability, late changes, and many challenges when moving away from construction to commissioning.

ADAA (PDOs Advance Work Packaging and Workface planning application) project initiative was focused on implementing AWP and WFP processes and utilising technology platforms in medium, small size and portfolio projects, which helps the contractors to improve their productivity in the selected projects and obtain alignment as early as "select phase" for a construction driven process. It has several objectives to achieve, such as process improvement starting from basis of design up to final acceptance, implementing Advance Work Packaging and Workface planning application (AWP and WFP) methodologies in medium size and Portfolio projects, digitalise the AWP and WFP process within PDO and improve hands on-tool time (HOTT) by ten percentage.

PDO has improved construction efficiency and progress control by providing AWP methodology with electronic workflow control, that improves construction project scalability and support quick project start-up within projects. It is built within PDO's Engineering Datawarehouse (EDW) platform which gives smooth access to documents.

In addition, PDO has avoided cost by optimising in-house resources, leveraging existing contracts (right partnerships) and systems and in-house sourcing for AWP/WFP subject matter experts. Also, it has proved that it supports in improving lifecycle management which is consistent with PDO's digital twin vision by centralising and maintaining plant information, adding construction data to the full plant lifecycle management.
Hybrid Membrane and Solvent Acid Gas Enrichment for Enhanced CO2 Capture
Authors: M Vaidya Milind , A Duval Sebastein , Hamad Feras , A Bahamdan Ahmad , D Al-Otaibi Faisal , O’Connell John , Ghulam Shabbir , Onasanya Olatunde O , Baker Richard , Merkel Tim , Lokhandwala Kaaeid , Salim Witopo , Kniep Jay
Published: October 2022

A novel approach for simultaneous acid gas enrichment (AGE) and CO2 capture is presented. This new process combines membrane and amine technologies to achieve unprecedented levels of H2S enrichment (>85%) and efficient CO2 capture.

Traditionally, acid gas enrichment (AGE) is performed with an H2S-selective amine to elevate the H2S content of an acid gas stream, with the primary objective being to allow for reliable operation of the sulfur recovery unit (SRU). SRUs convert H2S into elemental sulfur and perform better with a high acid gas H2S concentration. The higher the H2S concentration, the higher the temperature in the reaction furnace, leading to complete destruction of hydrocarbons, including aromatics, in the acid gas feed stream that would otherwise have a detrimental effect on the downstream catalyst beds. The amine-based AGE is designed to increase the H2S concentration, preferably above 55%, and up to 70%. At this concentration, the sulfur recovery unit can operate in straight-through mode, and all hydrocarbons and feed stream contaminants are destroyed in the reaction furnace leading to trouble-free catalytic bed operation. The off-gas (i.e., overhead) of the AGE absorber, is a potential source for high purity CO2 (i.e., 98.5%+ CO2-dry basis), but with a CO2 recovery lower than 70%.

Our novel approach was designed to further improve both the H2S enrichment process and CO2 capture efficiencies. The new design combines a CO2-over-H2S selective membrane and H2S-selective amine. By its physical and chemical properties, the membrane rejects hydrocarbons, including aromatics, and mercaptans along with H2S in the acid gas stream to the sulfur recovery unit. The membrane permeate contains most of the acid gas CO2 and a small amount of H2S. This membrane permeate stream is sent to an H2S-selective amine to capture H2S, which leads to a high-purity CO2 overhead stream. The CO2 capture rate can exceed 95% with a lower cost than any other commercially available solution. The H2S concentration in the acid gas feed to the SRU can simultaneously exceed 85%, which ensures reliable SRU operation as well as minimizing the size of the required SRU equipment (i.e., reduced capex).

An example of the novel technology potential to capture more than 95% of CO2 from the feed of an existing SRU equipped with amine tail gas treatment (TGT) is presented.
Augmented Reality Delivers Differential Value in Safety Assurance on Rigs Onshore Abu Dhabi During Covid-19 Pandemic Courtesy of the Wearable Camera
Authors: Mwansa Peter Levison , Alshaigy Ahmad Othman , Almaeeni Dawoud Saleh Madani , Qasem Khalifa Ghulam Hussain , Rego Luiz , Nair Premachandran , Baniyas Hussain Ahmed Saeed
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a real challenge to business continuity of our safety assurance programs, incident investigations and training of young engineers which are traditionally conducted through physical rig site visits.

The measures taken to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus meant that physical visits to the rig sites were restricted and during certain times completely stopped. The consequence of such measure meant that the safety assurance program was heavily impacted as the weekly leadership site visits were suspended. This posed a risk of a potential increase in safety incidents. Moreover, only safety critical personnel were allowed at the rig sites meaning that all trainee drilling supervisors and engineers were not allowed to visit the rig sites as part of the COVID-19 control measures. This in turn directly impacted the training program of our young engineers and trainee drilling supervisors for the entire COVID-19 pandemic period – Not Good!

The potential risk of an increase in safety incidents due to lack of safety assurance was too great a cost to accept. Therefore, the drilling team started to think differently. A multi-disciplinary brainstorming workshop involving technology providers in the digital space was conducted to discuss possible ways of conducting rig site visit virtually. During this workshop, augmented reality via use of the wearable camera was flagged as a technology ready solution for our challenge. Several subsequent sessions were conducted with ADNOC Onshore IT team to build a business case for the wearable camera. The wearable camera is an intrinsically safe Zone 1 certified fully rugged head-mounted device made for harsh environments. The high-resolution micro display fits just below the user's line of sight and views like a 7" tablet.

A business case was put forward and approved to conduct a proof of concept (PoC) to specifically test the ability to conduct remote rig visits, investigations and training programs. The PoC was successfully completed and allowed the team to conduct remote rig visits, audits, investigations and training programs with the "touch and feel" of being at the rig site – a paradigm shift in the way we run our business.
Agile Methodology for the Integral and Eco-Sustainable Management of Oil Projects
Authors: Zamora Santacruz Mario Fernando , Ruiz González Mario Alejandro
Published: October 2022

The integral management and eco-sustainable projects, could be framed within the classification of agile methodologies but not under its definition, because the latter allow adapting the working structure to the project conditions, seeking to improve flexibility and immediacy in the response to modify the project and its development into specific circumstances of the environment, something that is unfeasible and impractical in most projects of infrastructure, exploitation, operation of goods and services, environmental emergencies attention and/or any other that does not have as an objective the product/service positioning, promotion or sale but the fulfillment of obligations of a contractual, legal and/or environmental nature.

The integral management and eco-sustainable projects developed eight (8) years ago and in a constant process of continuous improvement, it has been adapted to different scenarios and conditions, managing to balance the financial, environmental, technical and social components of the project, under a decision-making model based on the low risk objectives classification (L.R.O) and high risk objectives classification (H.R.O), allowing operative autonomy to be distributed by phases and roles, speeding up the implementation of corrective and reactive actions based on key performance indicators (KPIs).

The methodology also has a two-dimensional resource distribution scheme (Plan X: Cost, Plan Y: Time), tracing the critical path of the project and allowing the consumption of resources to be followed based on its evolution, the corrective actions and reaction implemented and the dynamics of performance indicators.
Yibal Khuff Most Complex Project in PDO
Authors: AlHammadi Munir Khamis
Published: October 2022

Yibal Khuff Project has been developed as green field Project by means of an optimized integrated depletion strategy. It has gone through all the stages of opportunity realisation Process (ORP) of the Company whereby its DG1 (Decision Gate 1 i.e. Identify and Select) phase kicked in year 2008, followed by FID (Finance Investment Decision) through DG4 in June 2015.

The opportunity is to safely develop the Yibal Khuff and Sudair reservoirs to realize synergy between the depletion of the Upper Khuff oil rim and its associated gas (AG) and Khuff-5 and Sudair non-associated gas (NAG) reservoirs, known as the Yibal Khuff Project (YKP)

The Project, throughout its ORP journey (viz. DG2, DG3 & DG4) has been subjected to various internal costs & schedule benchmarks such as ESAR3/VAR3 (Estimate and Schedules Assurance Review/Value Assurance Review), ESAR4/VAR4 in order to ensure qualitative ROI (Return on Investments) on Shareholders FID.
The Journey Towards Net Zero Emissions for the Second Largest Asset in Petroleum Development Oman
Authors: Al Kindi Osama Mohammed , Hugonet Vincent , Al Balushi Sara , Al Ghailani Taher , Al Hinai Suleiman , Al Sawafi Marwan , Al Ismaili Riham , Al Farsi Mandhr , Al Abri Mohammed , Dabbagh Raied , Al Bahri Hilal
Published: October 2022

The world has been suffering from Green House Gases (GHG) emissions for years in the past and for years to come. Governments have started to show their real commitment through Carbon Tax, Energy Transition plans and more renewables and cleaner energy sources to replace the carbon intensive operations [1-2].

Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) has pledge to have a Net Zero emissions by 2050 with an aspirational target to reduce 50% of the current emissions by 2030. Asset M has gone through a regress assessment and opportunity identification workshops to pinpoint the strategic directions moving forward to meet that aspiration.

Asset M is the 2nd Largest asset in PDO in terms of Oil and Water production. Over 0.9 mln bbls of Water are recycled on daily basis with around 54 MWs of power consumed. In line with PDO aspiration towards NZE, Asset M has pledge to reduce its emissions from Scope 1 & 2 by 50% in 2030 and net zero by 2050. As of today, Asset M is the most energy efficient asset in PDO with a GHG intensity of 0.12 t/t. The objective of this paper is to shed light on some of the best practices followed to achieve reduction in Energy consumption and GHGE in general.

In 2019, Asset M emissions were estimated around 0.55 mln_tCO2e, these are mainly linked to power consumptions (70%) and flaring (15%). Due to the large Growth planned in HCM, Asset M is expected to grow additional 0.25 mln_tCO2e by 2030. To align with PDO NZE by 2050, the team took the lead to build a sustainable GHG reduction road map.

The work has been structured under the Strategic A3 approach with clear metrics and timelines. A simple approach was developed to focus on the top 4 main themes: Flaring, Power consumption, Portfolio assessment and EE Awareness.

Well Reservoir & Facility Management (WRFM) in addition to Fail-Less initiative were key in reducing the energy consumption from Artificially Lifted wells by the means of Conversion to a more Energy efficient Artificial-Lift types such as PCP/Rotaflex systems, PMM motors and more.

cEOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) is another front that has proven successful improvement not only in increasing the oil production but also in reducing the GHGE. Field-A Polymer set a record emission intensity in PDO with average of 0.03 tCO2e/tHC. Asset M is leading the Polymer thematic study to accelerate cEOR across Multiple fields in South leading to further GHGE reduction.

A black belt (6-Sigma as part of Lean projects) was initiated in 2021 to investigate the possibility of reducing the energy consumption of the DWD pumps which are contributing 30% to Asset M energy consumption. The project managed to slash the consumption of these pumps by 25% (4 MW). This approach has paved the way for additional scope across PDO with additional 10-15 MW reduction with zero Cost.
Serious Injuries and Fatalities – A Study of Data and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Bibby David
Published: October 2022

Serious Injuries and fatalities (SIFs) occurring in the workplace have become a significant focus in the field of safety. Over the past 20 years there has been a steady decline in the prevalence of all injuries, however the rates of SIFs has plateaued in recent years, contrary to Heinrich's Triangle. In one of the largest studies of its kind, we set out to identify trends and common factors of SIF incidents in order to identify strategies to reduce the risk of SIF incidents occurring.

We have studied OSHA log records and OSHA recorded fatalities of over 50,000 companies over multiple years, broken down by numerous different indices including industry, age, day of the week, body part affected, type of incident and severity of incident, to give a picture of SIF prevalence and trends. This data has also been cross referenced against qualitative information of these companies to identify trends, commonalities and disparities in order to identify causes and opportunities for improvement.

The data reported on has shown different risk groups for SIF incidents occurring, that 60% of companies are at low risk of SIF incidents occurring, and identifying the highest risk injuries for SIF events occurring (drilling and construction work). In addition, seemingly random factors such as day of the week and month of the year are actually found to statistically vary, presenting opportunities for targeted outreach based on this data in order to reduce risk. Furthermore, the study reveals that companies who work with chemicals, performing welding work and work at heights should be the top targets for DIF prevention intervention, whilst the impact of heavily regulated industries (e.g. PSM facilities) and ensuring organization have good safety procedures are linked to lower risks of SIF events occurring.

This information is of valuable use for all organizations who are interested in truly understanding the root causes of incidents and learning techniques to achieve a Vision Zero of a reduction of incidents, particularly serious injuries and fatalities, to the lowest possible level. A no-blame culture to the accurate reporting of incidents is also vital to a deeper understanding of causation and prevention.
An Optimization of Corporate Data Management by Cycle Time Reduction of Logging Data Submission in the Database
Authors: Tveritnev Alexey , Jahangir Syed
Published: October 2022

Subsurface data integrity is a complex and critical task in any E&P company. It is starts from accurate planning then acquisition, processing, storing and further implementation for generating corporate value. This cycle time of data incorporation process should be quick to have maximum information before taken investment decision. Any delay of data incorporation considered as value loss. The objective is improving of existing process of data submission for reduction a total time of submission cycle.

The process optimization of data submission done by following basic principles of Six Sigma methodology. This method has five main sequential steps: defining, measure, analyze, improve and control. The problem definition selected based on data submission KPI failure, such fact accepted by all stakeholders and included in project charter. The next step includes detailed measure and establishing an existing workflow. It helps to identify possible failures cases based on end-users group sessions and followed by identifying root causes. After that, solutions generated during brainstorm sessions and control mechanism established to assure the execution of process improvement implementation.

By applying a systematic approach and gathering all stakeholders from different Company business units allows optimizing a multifunctional process of data delivery to improve corporate KPI and preserve value of the data. There are several solutions generated for implementation, developing an automated corporate tracking system for log data submission focus on timely awareness of stakeholders for required actions, reviewing an organizational role and responsibilities for each subunit to streamline communication channel. Another improvement related to frequent service quality meeting to monitor data delivery status and align between all involved parties like end user, contract team, data management and vendors. The last but not least solution focus on amending of existing service level agreement to capture missing technical features of logging data acquisition and interpretation at different steps of data submission (Figure 1). The economic effect is a combination of two parts, an additional production of newly drilled wells due to timely update of a reservoir model and avoiding a liquidated damage as result of late data access for the end users.

An improvement of a workflow or business processes based on consistent Six Sigma method allows success implementation of technical SOP within the Company with broad organization chart. The benefit of initiation a process optimization project by technical end user is always aiming the existing failure in the process by solving which gain the entire company value.
My HSSE&AI - A Novel Approach in Combining Safety Leader Program with Machine Learning Capability
Authors: Hernowo Widi , Ridho Rosif , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: October 2022

Improving safety in a marginal offshore gas production platform using latest technology is a very challenging tasks as the cost of technology might not suitable with the field economic aspect. With this obstacle in mind and a request from corporate to participate in digitalization campaign, a novel approach need to be implemented by offshore team to meet the digitalization goals. The approach code name is "My HSSE&AI" in which combining Safety Leader Program, Mobile Operator Rounds solution and Machine learning to help gas production platform in managing HSSE&AI.

The safety leader program as part of an antecedent system was created to disseminate, enhance and sustain safety awareness to all workers by allowing them to lead the implementation of safety programs for a one-week period at gas production platform (that already being implemented since 2013 by offshore team). This program then being combined with the usage Mobile Operator Rounds solution where the safety leader will need to conduct HSSE&AI inspections as per the schedule and in which "Mobile Operator Rounds" have the information at safety leader handheld mobile while conducting these inspections. Within the handheld mobile all relevant historical data of working area, equipment and instrumentation already being analyze by a machine learning based on big data being entered and provide analysis option for safety leader to define his decision at site.

Through this novel approach, gas production platform was able to meet the company's digitalization while maintaining site safety performance and work management effectively. On the platform at any given time there were 30 personnel working on multiple tasks to produce natural gas and some of them rotate in weekly basis as safety leader. The site team made a diligent effort to follow the mitigations identified in the permit to work and maintenance tasks. With the help of machine learning based on big data analysis added artificial intelligence capability to help the team in managing work safely.

This paper discusses the future implementation in combining existing safety program with the use of technology on a gas production platform as part of company digitalization goals and whilst ensuring safety performance in a marginal field. This novel approach is being was proposed for company digitalization committee to be implemented in a marginal field with a tight field economic calculation and at this initial stage being limited to Gas Compressions System as the pilot project.
Leadership Development and Succession Management
Authors: Naseer Muhammad Adil , Saabri Omran Ali , Shayea Mohamed Abdulla
Published: October 2022

This paper highlights the value of Leadership characteristics, practices and regular development process inleadership to make the leaders responsible and effective for the sustainability and continuous growth oforganization. Moreover, this paper also addresses the importance of Leadership successions plans andidentification of potential future leaders within organization and develop an environment for the potentialcandidatesto practicetheleadership on regularbasis.

The key characteristic of Leaders is to take the responsibility and ownership of the task. Accordingly it is highly recommended not to manage the task but to lead the task as leadership calls for taking the responsibility to deliver, however managing the task will only be an authoritative action to work within identified boundaries following some finite process and guidelines. Working with fixed boundary limits never allow personnel to think out of the box, lead to employees mostly to think and work within an identified boundary limit with only following their managers’ instructions. With this attitude, employees work for their own self-interest in mind instead of working for the best interest of the company

Continuous improvement in the effectiveness of Leadership is key to success. Leadership is defined as the management of a challenging situation with the responsibility to achieve desired objectives in a respectable manner. ADNOC initiative of Target Leadership Development Program was not only a combination of Leadership Development and Succession Management, but also the changed mindset of employees by giving them a push in the right direction with the below methodologies and adopt as True Leadership characteristics. -Take initiative, communication & encourage risk taking.-A vailability & listening capabilities.-Respect & Trust.-Grow a culture of recognition & celebrate success.-Empowerment & use the individual strengths of people.-Time & Energy Management towards desired objectives and prioritiesFigure 1Symbolic Difference between Managers & Leaders
From Lone Workers to Connected Workers – How Technology is Transforming Safety
Authors: Daher Dr. Elie
Published: October 2022

Every day, more than a billion workers are out on their own for part or all of their workday, with no colleagues to turn to in an emergency or collaborate on a task.

This paper takes a detailed look into a new lone worker solution that ensures that lone workers are protected and get their job done easier.

The new lone worker solution offers a suite of services that transform the lone worker to a connected worker. Key among these services include:

AV communication: The lone worker solution provides workers with full audio and visual communications capabilities allowing them to always stay in contact with technical operators.

Automated incident management: Loaded with pre-designed workflows and a notification engine designed to get help where and when needed, this speeds up reaction times in emergencies.

Proactive alerts: Lone workers often work in remote and isolated locations making it even more crucial to understand their conditions while there is still time to help. Proactive safety alerts include hazardous work check-ins and fall detection alerts.
Managing 4 (Four) Major Offshore Projects Amid COVID 19 Pandemic - A Case Study from Health & Safety (H&S) and Quarantine Management
Authors: Nugraha Tommy , Hernowo Widi , Alfianto Mohammad , Yulianto Muhammad Djabbar
Published: October 2022

For an upstream oil and gas company, avoiding an offshore COVID-19 outbreak while executing four different offshore projects poses a huge challenge, particularly in a country experiencing a daily COVID-19 test positivity rate over 20%. Even minor mismanagement of the quarantine process can lead to an offshore COVID-19 outbreak, with the risk of shutting down campaigns and severely impacting business objectives. The challenge is therefore to avoid an offshore COVID-19 outbreak, ensuring well-being of personnel during the quarantine period and managing quarantine related costs, including COVID-19 test costs.

To ensure effective quarantine management, a new approach was created that applied a combination of medical assessments, Health & Safety (H&S) and security measures. Quarantine management was led by a special task force responsible for ensuring the readiness of transportations, rooms, PCR tests, as well as overall compliance to quarantine rules. In compliance with government regulations and WHO recommendations, another complimentary approach was applied that sequestered personnel who tested positive in an isolation room.

Effective quarantine management was established with the assistance of the company Business Continuity Management Team (BCMT). The company was able to complete four different major offshore projects with no offshore COVID-19 outbreaks. During these operations, over 1,000 personnel were quarantined and tested with a 5.37% positivity rate at the pre-work quarantine site. Confirmed cases were managed in full compliance with government regulations. The result of this effective quarantine management system, has allowed the company to achieve scorecard performance goals while delivering all four of the major offshore work-scopes, as per the original business plan.

This paper discusses quarantine management as part of business continuity management covering medical assessment, H&S and security measures amidst a national COVID-19 pandemic. These programs were applied in an adaptive method-based risk assessment, which based on evidence base approaches, during frequently changing government regulations.
Towards Low Carbon Oil – A Comprehensive Portfolio Analysis for CO2 EOR/CCUS Opportunities in Oil Reservoirs in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Nasralla Ramez , Farajzadeh Rouhi , Ketkar Samir , Van Wunnik Johannes , Mahruqi Dawood , Al Mjeni Rifaat
Published: October 2022

It is evident that there is an urgent need to lower the Green-House-Gas (GHG) emissions in all industrial sectors, including oil and gas. One of the solutions to produce low-carbon oil is the utilization of CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Injection of CO2 for EOR leads to retention of a considerable amount of the injected CO2 in the reservoir, which ultimately results in CO2 storage. Therefore, in efforts of Petroleum Development Oman Company (PDO) to lower GHG from its own operations and produce low-carbon oil, a portfolio review study was conducted to identify, assess, and rank the candidate fields for CO2 EOR. This paper describes the workflow and outcome of this portfolio analysis of oil reservoirs in PDO's portfolio.

First, all the oil fields were screened to identify the technically feasible fields for gas EOR. Second, the best injection strategy was selected for each field based on the reservoir and fluid properties. Third, incremental oil recovery for each field was estimated using analytical methods. Fourth, net CO2 utilization was estimated as potential storage capacity for all the candidates. Finally, high level economic screening in terms of the unit technical cost (UTC) was performed for each field to rank the different opportunities considering the facilities and wells requirements for gas EOR.

Different injection strategies were considered in this study including water-alternating-gas (WAG) and continuous-gas-injection (CGI), at immiscible or miscible conditions. The modified Koval method was used to generate type curves for each injection strategy and different reservoir heterogeneities. Based on these type curves and the optimized pore volume injected, the incremental oil recovery was estimated for each field. The net utilization amount of CO2 was estimated based on the net utilization factor from industry experience, hence the storage capacity of each field was calculated. CO2 EOR development concept was established to enable the calculation of the UTC of the different opportunities.

The outcome of this portfolio analysis shows that many fields could be potential candidates for WAG and CGI. Some of the fields show attractive UTC with the capacity to store more than 1 Mtpa of CO2. Moreover, the UTCs of most CGI projects are more economically attractive than WAG projects due to the higher incremental oil by secondary CGI. The CO2 price, including the capture and transportation costs, is a major component of the overall cost of CO2 EOR. Furthermore, the concept of enriching CO2 to lower MMP and enable miscible flood is more commercial than injecting pure CO2 under immiscible conditions. Additionally, the paper provides a detailed fit-for-purpose approach to screen and rank oil fields for CO2 EOR. It also gives insights on selecting and optimizing the CO2 injection strategy for EOR.
Application of Practical Problem-Solving Techniques to Reduce Wells Process Safety Incidents in Workover Operations
Authors: Al Hinai Faisal Saud , Al Lawati Ahmed Mahmood , Badar Al Amri Yahya
Published: October 2022

Wells Process Safety (WPS) is a major aspect of delivering a well/ workover safely. An increasing trend in WPS Level 3 incidents was observed in the first four months of 2021. WPS Level 3 incidents are well control events where the first well control barrier was lost leaving one single tested barrier in place. Data shows that in March and April, the number of incidents increased by 60% compared to the first two months. Based on data, it was noticed that 85% of the incidents happened in hoist workover operations. The Practical Problem-Solving (PPS) technique was selected out of the Lean tools to solve this problem.

PDO has imported and re-structured the PPS technique to be fit for the Oil and Gas industry and its processes. The problems which are normally tackled by a PPS can be: -

▪ Sudden change/deviation ▪ Unsafe event ▪ Defective product

Data was analyzed to break down the problem and figure out its dimensions. Bar charts were used with the aim of getting a logical trend that would enable a better understanding of the problem. Four main trends were observed from the graphical analysis. It was noticed that the WPS incidents were happening on a certain well type, workover unit, activity and geographical locations. Root cause analysis started by using the fishbone tool to brainstorm possible causes of the problem. With the advice of the experts and key stakeholders, a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) was conducted using the "5 Whys" method. After the RCA, a mitigation plan was developed to work out the best countermeasures to tackle the root causes.

As a result of the PPS root cause analysis, some of the operating procedures were updated for the relevant operations. Similarly, controls were put in place to tackle all root causes. After 3 months of piloting the countermeasures, no WPS L3 incidents occurred in our workover operation. With the improvement in the data quality, five incidents were reclassified or removed from the data base. Overall, we achieved a 40% reduction in WPS L3 incidents in our Workover Department, mainly driven by the implementation of this PPS approach.

This paper will give a brief about the application of Lean methodology in PDO's operations and how the PPS tool can help identify and solve day to day problems. With this project, the Practical Problem Solving (PPS) technique was used for the first time to address WPS related issues. Tools including, stakeholder engagements, root cause analysis and process mapping will be explained in this paper in detail.
Hydrogen Projects: Successful Initiation and Realization in Partnerships
Authors: Kiefer Daniel Gerhard
Published: October 2022

Structure: Identification of project opportunities and evaluation of chances –Best practice: location and project research–Evaluation criteria Selection of necessary partners –Best practice: Partner research–Prequalification criteria–Motivation and approach Establishment of partner- and project -organization –Best practice: partnership structures–Risk and chances, advantages and disadvantages Generation of funding for project preparation –Best practice: Challenges and solutions Grant management and generation of project financing –Funding prerequisites–Funding possibilities Key factors for a successful project implementation Conclusion / future perspectives
Achieving Decarbonization Through the Transformation of Existing Pipelines for Hydrogen - Methane Blends
Authors: Nakatsuka Matthew A. , Arumugam Ganesh Kumar , Kamavaram Venkat , Mansfeld Andrea C. , Thapa Sumil S. , Veedu Vinod P.
Published: October 2022

The constant threat of methane emissions from pipelines must be addressed as part of any serious future decarbonization strategy. Undetected leaks and deliberate venting of methane during maintenance activities represent over 10% of the carbon emitted by the oil and gas industry. One potential approach is to utilize hydrogen blended into traditional natural gas; hydrogen combustion results in zero carbon, and leaks become significantly less damaging to the environment.

This work describes a novel omniphobic surface treatment technology that demonstrates significant resistance against cracking and embrittlement that may be caused by hydrogen-rich natural gas blends. The treatment is designed for broad applicability regardless of pipeline condition, preparation, or material of construction, reflecting the wide variance in existing pipelines today. Validation of the treatment in hydrogen-rich environments were conducted on the coupon scale, with SEM and XRD characterization of the protected substrate. Fracture testing, weathering and exposure were conducted as per ASTM F1624. The overall field application method was tested on a large scale, 20″ diameter pilot test and qualified by a third-party operator.

API 5L equivalent steel substrates treated with the omniphobic surface treatment demonstrated superior protection when exposed to hydrogen blends up to 15%: fracture strength changed negligibly, whereas the unprotected steel suffered from severe embrittlement and cracking. Additionally, a chemical analog of the omniphobic material on a full-scale pipeline showed compatibility with typical in-situ pigging and magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection tools when applied by industry-accepted cleaning and coating techniques.

The United States maintains almost 300,000 miles of interstate pipeline, and yet less than 1600 miles of it are currently being utilized for hydrogen transport. One significant challenge is the varying structural health and alloys currently being employed in transport pipelines, as well as the substantial cost to install new pipelines that are fully compatible with hydrogen fuels and blends. The use of this novel in-place treatment presents an economically advantageous way to support energy transition without the need for substantial upfront costs.