bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caucasian Rhododendron Grinding-Fixing Machine
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Isakadze Tamaz , Ghvachliani Vitali ,   Georgian Agrarian University, Gugulashvili Givi ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: December 2021

An endemic plant species typical for the Caucasus is the Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum Pall), which, due to its unique chemical composition, has many medicinal properties, therefore, folk healers have used it since ancient times to treat various severe and mild diseases. At the present stage of the development of science, the question arises about the possibility of using this most valuable plant for industrial purposes. The question is raised of the production of mate tea from the Caucasian rhododendron. The rhododendron processing technologies proposed so far are reviewed and it is shown that none of them can provide aromatic and taste indicators characteristic of tea mate in the resulting product due to the fact that most of them are based on the processing technology of ordinary black tea. It is substantiated that in order to obtain mate tea, it is necessary at the initial stage of processing to fix the raw material from rhododendron, cut it and grind it to sizes acceptable for packaging, remove excess moisture contained in the sheet and give the final product a light smoke aroma and a slightly bitter taste. To solve these problems, a schematic diagram of a new machine for the simultaneous grinding and fixing of the Caucasian rhododendron is proposed.
Analysis of the Security of Modern Automated Technological Processes Control Systems: Attack on a SCADA Object
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Grigalashvili Jemal , Jojua Zaur ,   Georgian Technical University, Jojua Nino ,   Georgian Technical University
Published: December 2021

(……) Modern automated technology process control systems and the chances of attacks on them are examined in this article. It studies worm virus, Stuxnet, and its detection at the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant. It also analyzes ways of carrying out attacks on critically important objects, and provides analytical tools for the security of technological process systems. The ways for discovering nodes compromised by the Stuxnet virus are proposed. The article considers technological network of typical topology and its typical vulnerabilities; it analyzes the Modbus protocol, the routing system, and passwords on Cisco routers.
Dynamics and Trends in Vaccine Procurement and Distribution in Zimbabwe
Authors: Maketo John P , Mutizwa Bismark
Published: December 2021

The subject of COVID-19 vaccines has generated debate across the globe as it has created a fecund ground for a plethora of dynamics such as vaccine diplomacy, misinformation, and struggle for dominance among global powers to mention but a few. Thus, the vaccine subject has taken-center stage in global discourses, resulting in developing and developed nations experiencing challenges in respect to purchase, transparency, and accountability in the administration of vaccines. The subject of vaccines in Zimbabwe has provoked public skepticism indicative of the existing trust deficit between government and the citizens. This emanates from strong evidence of abuse of public resources and hence questions of transparency and accountability especially in relation to disaster situations. To this end, this paper seeks to bring to light the trends and dynamics in vaccine procurement and distribution in Zimbabwe. The study examines the correlation between vaccine diplomacy (donation-trap diplomacy) and vaccine purchases. A chronological analysis of the approved vaccines, rejection of Johnson and Johnson and sudden acceptance, natural resource implications of the donations from ALROSA, poor public resource management, vaccine shortages, vaccine misinformation and vaccine cheating. Possible ways of enhancing vaccine intake through quality information are also discussed and Zimbabwe`s performance against other African nations is examined. The research ends by proposing a series of questions which should be embraced to fully comprehend the trends and dynamics of vaccine procurement and distribution.
Comparative Study of the Influence of Full and Partial Halo Geomagnetic Storms on High Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Obiegbuna Dominic Chukwuebuka , Okeke Francisca Nneka , Okpala Kingsley Chukwudi , Orji Orji Prince , Egba Gregory Ibeabuchi , Ugonabo Josephine Obiageli
Published: December 2021

We have studied and compared the effects of full and partial halo geomagnetic storms on the high latitude ionosphere. The study used the total electron content (TEC) data obtained from the global positioning system (GPS) to examine the level of response of high latitude ionosphere around Ny Alesund, Norway to full and partial halo geomagnetic storms of June 23rd 2015 and January 1st 2016 respectively. This study was carried out using a dual frequency ground based GNSS observations at high latitude (NYAL: 78.56oN, 11.52oE) ionospheric station in Norway. The vertical TEC (VTEC) was extracted from Receiver Independent Exchange (RINEX) formatted GPS-TEC data using the GOPI Software developed by Seemala Gopi. The GOPI software is a GNSS-TEC analysis program which uses ephemeris data and differential code biases (DCBs) in estimating slant TEC (STEC) prior to its conversion to VTEC. From the results, the responses of the high latitude before the storm days were more positive than on the storm days. Also the overall response of the high latitude to the full halo geomagnetic storm was more positive with more impact than that of the partial halo geomagnetic storm.
Development and Application of Nanoparticle Technology in Herbal Drug Formulation- A Review
Authors: Hatmayana Roosma , Nabillah Syafira , Windy Yuditha , Noval
Published: December 2021

Formulations of Herbal medicine are continuously being developed to improve health and treatment through natural ingredients obtained from the surrounding environment with scientific evidence. Common problems in herbal medicine are bioavailability, solubility, absorption of active substances and low stability. Recently, it has become a development trend to enter the realm of nanoparticle technology to its application in herbal drug formulations. Nanoparticle technology is a technology of drug particles are made on the nanoscale (10 nm-1000 nm). Many studies have been carried out on the development and application of nanoparticle-based delivery technology containing natural ingredients, from these results nanoparticle-based delivery technology has succeeded in delivering these natural materials through certain mechanisms in increasing the activity and bioavailability of herbal medicinal compounds. Particles at the nanoparticle scale have distinctive physical properties compared to particles at a larger size, especially in increasing the amount and purpose of delivering drug compounds. Another advantage of nanoparticle technology is the potential to be combined with other technologies, thus opening up opportunities to produce more perfect and targeted delivery systems. Examples of nanotechnologies that can be used are polymer nanoparticles, solid lipid particles, magnetic nanoparticles, and others. The manufacture of preparations based on nanoparticle technology is an alternative in the manufacture of herbal medicines and it is hoped that the bioavailability and therapy produced in the body will be better.
Sieć teleinformatyczna dla transportu kolejowego w Polsce
Authors: Gago Stanisław
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu światowego rozwoju systemów informatycznych i logistycznych na planowanie i rozwój sieci teleinformatycznej dla transportu kolejowego w Polsce. Obecnie, spółka PKP PLK buduje sieć teletransmisyjną, przede wszystkim na potrzeby systemu ERTMS. Zdaniem autora, kolejowa sieć teleinformatyczna powinna być tak zaplanowana, aby mogła zapewnić obecne i przyszłe zapotrzebowanie na transmisję danych dla wszystkich spółek kolejowych, które w zakresie usług teleinformatycznych umożliwią rozszerzenie wpływu tych spółek na inne rodzaje transportu. Słowa kluczowe: sieci IT dla kolejnictwa, model logiczny sieci, model fizyczny sieci
Assembly Strength Tests of SB4-type Spring Clips
Authors: Ostromęcka Małgorzata , Aniszewicz Andrzej
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the results of assembly strength tests carried out on SB4-type spring clips. Increases in the “b” and “f ” dimensions were observed and the tests were extended to include measurements performed after ten and fifteen assemblies and disassemblies of the spring clip. Special emphasis has been placed on the ability to interpret the obtained results of the clip’s measured clamping force in relation to the applied measurement methodology. Keywords: rail fastening, spring clip, dimensional measurements, assembly strength test, clamping force
Badania wytrzymałości montażowej łapek sprężystych SB4
Authors: Ostromęcka Małgorzata , Aniszewicz Andrzej
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań próby wytrzymałości montażowej przeprowadzonej na łapkach sprężystych SB4. Obserwowano przyrosty wymiarów „b” i „f ” oraz rozszerzono badania o pomiary wykonane po dziesięciu i piętnastu montażach i demontażach łapek. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwości interpretacji wyników pomiaru siły docisku łapki do podkładu w odniesieniu do zastosowanej metodyki pomiarowej. Słowa kluczowe: systemy przytwierdzeń szyn, łapka sprężysta, pomiary wymiarów, próba wytrzymałości montażowej, siła docisku
Impact of COVID-19 on the Functioning of Passenger Rail Transport
Authors: Poliński Janusz , Ochociński Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

The article presents an overview of the transport situation on Polish railways during the first and second waves of the CO-VID-19 pandemic. The emerging trends in the use of rail transport are characterised. In order to meet market needs, rail transport should be open to any technical solution that reduces the possibility of horizontal transmission of infections to, both, travellers and transport workers. Examples are given of measures which improve safety during transport in this respect, as a fundamental condition for the systematic return of travellers to the railways. Keywords: rail transport, COVID-19, passenger rail transport
Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na funkcjonowanie pasażerskiego transportu kolejowego
Authors: Poliński Janusz , Ochociński Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono sytuację przewozową na kolejach polskich podczas pierwszej i drugiej fali pandemii COVID-19. Scharakteryzowano rysujące się trendy w zakresie korzystania z transportu kolejowego. Wychodząc naprzeciw potrzebom rynku, transport kolejowy powinien być podatny na wszelkie rozwiązania techniczne, które ograniczałyby możliwość poziomego przenoszenia zarażeń, zarówno wśród podróżnych, jak i personelu przewoźników. Wskazano przykłady działań poprawiających pod tym względem bezpieczeństwo podczas przewozu, jako podstawowego warunku systematycznego powrotu podróżnych na kolej. Słowa kluczowe: transport kolejowy, COVID-19, pasażerskie przewozy kolejowe
Railway Infrastructure Access Rates in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pomykała Agata
Published: December 2021

Railway infrastructure access rates, as an important element of the costs affecting the services offered to railway clients, are an object of interest in the context of transport sustainability and the promotion of railway transport. The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has spawned a crisis that has affected the railway sector in a significant way. In October 2020, the European Commission published a Regulation establishing measures for a sustainable rail market in view of the COVID-19 pandemic. The European Commission’s initiative of introducing a Regulation allowing for derogations from existing laws, as well as satisfying the urgent needs of the railway sector for the duration of the effects of the pandemic, may be a significant step towards a permanent leveling of the playing field for all of the branches competing in the transport sector. This article presents information in terms of the legal regulations concerning the charges for infrastructure use and outlines the assumptions of Regulation 2020/1429 (EU) of the European Parliament and of the Council. Keywords: railway, cost of access to infrastructure, transport sustainability, COVID-19
Stawki dostępu do infrastruktury kolejowej w kontekście pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Pomykała Agata
Published: December 2021

Opłaty za dostęp do infrastruktury kolejowej, jako istotna część kosztów mających wpływ na cenę usługi oferowanej klientom kolei, są przedmiotem zainteresowania w kontekście równoważenia transportu i promowania przewozów kolejowych. Pandemia spowodowana koronawirusem SARS-CoV-2 wywołała kryzys, który znacząco wpłynął na sektor transportowy. W październiku 2020 r. Komisja Europejska opublikowała rozporządzenie, ustanawiające środki na rzecz zrównoważone-go rynku kolejowego w związku z pandemią COVID-19. Przygotowana przez Komisję Europejską inicjatywa ustanowienia regulacji, umożliwiających odstępstwa od istniejącego prawa i zaspokojenia pilnych potrzeb sektora kolejowego przez cały okres oddziaływania skutków pandemii, może być ważnym krokiem w kierunku stałego wyrównania warunków konkurencji międzygałęziowej w transporcie. W artykule przedstawiono informacje dotyczące regulacji prawnych odnoszących się do opłat za użytkowanie infrastruktury oraz przedstawiono założenia Rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2020/1429. Słowa kluczowe: kolej, koszt dostępu do infrastruktury, zrównoważenie transportu, COVID-19
Use of Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Rail Transport
Authors: Siwiec Jakub
Published: December 2021

The article presents the most technologically advanced alternative propulsion of rail vehicles that, at the same time, has great development potential, i.e. hydrogen fuel cells. The current condition of the rolling stock and electrification of the traction network is described, and domestic and foreign plans for the deployment of fuel cells are presented and accompanied by legislative work aimed at the application of environmentally friendly solutions. Keywords: hydrogen propulsion, fuel cells, railway transport
Kolejowe korytarze transportowe Organizacji Współpracy Kolei
Authors: Antonowicz Mirosław
Published: December 2021

Międzynarodowe korytarze transportowe są częścią globalnego systemu transportowego i stanowią ważny element działalności Organizacji Współpracy Kolei (OSŻD)2. Działania związane z rozwojem przewozów w przestrzeni euroazjatyckiej są ukierunkowane na unowocześnienie i rozwój transportu kolejowego przez doskonalenie parametrów techniczno-eksploatacyjnych korytarzy w celu poprawy konkurencyjności kolei w przewozach ładunków w Azji i Europie. Te korytarze są szeroko wykorzystywane do planowania i organizowania kursowania pociągów kontenerowych w ruchu międzynarodowym między państwami członkowskimi OSŻD. Obecnie stale kursuje prawie 300 pociągów kontenerowych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dotychczasowych działań w za-kresie rozwoju korytarzy, roli i ich znaczenia w przewozach kolejowych na obszarze krajów członków organizacji współpracy Kolei (OSŻD). W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z rozwojem i przewozem ładunków w 13 międzynarodowych korytarzach transportu kolejowego z kolejowego obszaru euroazjatyckiego. Zwrócono uwagę na nowe rozwiązania dotyczące korytarzy oraz Nowy Jedwabny Szlak3 będący elementem szerszej inicjatywy chińskiej tzw. Koncepcji Inicjatywy Pasa i Szlaku. Jest to globalny plan infrastruktury opracowany w Chinach i wdrożony w ponad 100 krajach, głównie w krajach określanych jako rynki wschodzące (ang. emerging markets). Słowa kluczowe: międzynarodowy korytarz transportowy, kolejowy korytarz transportowy, wskaźniki dla korytarzy transportowych, Nowy Jedwabny Szlak
Railway Rail Material Quality Tests
Authors: Mikłaszewicz Ireneusz , Frelek-Kozak Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

The article presents the obligatory qualitative tests of the material of railway rails, performed for the railway industry and having the status of qualifying tests, to which railway rails are subjected. They include tests of fracture mechanics (determination of the critical stress intensity factor KIC, determination of the fatigue crack development velocity da / dN), determination of stresses in rail feet and fatigue tests. The article presents the results of tests of standard-gauge rails type 60E1, rolled from R260 steel by selected European producers, and an analysis of the results was carried out based on the guidelines of the PN-EN 13674-1 + A1: 2017-07 standard. Keywords: quality tests of rails, KIC coefficient, propagation da/dN, stress
Badania jakościowe materiałów szyn kolejowych
Authors: Mikłaszewicz Ireneusz , Frelek-Kozak Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono obligatoryjne badania jakościowe materiału szyn kolejowych, wykonywane dla przemysłu ko-lejowego i mające status badań kwalifikacyjnych, którym poddaje się szyny kolejowe. Obejmują one badania mechaniki pękania (wyznaczenie krytycznego współczynnika intensywności naprężeń KIC, wyznaczenie prędkości rozwoju pęknięcia zmęczeniowego da/dN), określenie naprężeń w stopkach szyn oraz badania zmęczeniowe. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań szyn normalnotorowych typu 60E1, odwalcowanych ze stali gatunku R260 przez wybranych producentów europejskich oraz przeprowadzono analizę wyników na podstawie wytycznych normy PN-EN 13674-1+A1:2017-07. Słowa kluczowe: badania jakościowe szyn, współczynnik KIC, propagacja da/dN, naprężenie
Influence of the Applied Measurement Methodology on the Results of Geometric Measurements of the SB4 Spring Clips
Authors: Ostromęcka Małgorzata , Aniszewicz Andrzej
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of measurements of the “b” dimension of the SB4 spring clips carried out using three measurement methods that differ in the method and width of the base plate contact. The results obtained are presented and the uncertainty of measurement for each method is estimated. Attention was paid to the issues of the obtained dispersion of the value of the “b” dimension. The tolerated dimensions are discussed. The proposed measurement methods can help to identify shape mismatches of spring clips. Keywords: rail fastening, spring clip, dimensional measurements, clamping force
Wytyczne dotyczące cyberbezpieczeństwa dla pracowników podmiotów kolejowych
Authors: Pawlik Marek
Published: December 2021

Komisja Europejska udostępniła kilkudziesięciostronicowy dokument pt. „Transport cybersecurity toolkit” dotyczący cyberbezpieczeństwa w transporcie. Na podstawie tego dokumentu, w ramach prac Centrum Wymiany i Analizy Informacji ISAC-Kolej podsektora transportu kolejowego, powołanego przez siedem spółek kolejowych (PKP, PKP PLK, PKP IC, PKP Cargo, PKP LHS, PKP SKM, PKP Informatyka Kolejowa) oraz dwa instytuty (Instytut Kolejnictwa i Instytut NASK), opracowano i przyjęto wytyczne z zakresu cyberbezpieczeństwa dla pracowników podmiotów kolejowych. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia w skrócie europejskie i krajowe działania podejmowane w celu zapewnienia ochrony transportu kolejowego przed cyberzagrożeniami oraz udostępnia wytyczne dla pracowników przyjęte w ramach ISAC-Kolej. Ze względu na coraz szersze wykorzystywanie rozwiązań cyfrowych zarówno w zakresie wspierania działania podmiotów gospodarczych współtworzących system ko-lei, jak i w zakresie wspierania prowadzenia ruchu i nadzoru eksploatacji kolei, niniejsze wytyczne powinny być jak najszerzej udostępnione pracownikom kolejowym, którzy w swojej pracy korzystają z komputerów. Słowa kluczowe: systemy informatyczne, systemy eksploatacyjne, cyberbezpieczeństwo
Organizacyjne i finansowe warunki wykonywania kolejowych przewozów aglomeracyjnych w Polsce z perspektywą potencjalnych usprawnień
Authors: Podleśko Paweł , Warsza Tomasz
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę finansowania i organizacji kolejowych przewozów aglomeracyjnych. Wskazano w nim na problemy dotyczące tego segmentu, do jakich należy brak obowiązku ich organizacji i finansowania ze strony samorządowych struktur metropolitalnych. Opisano, dopuszczalne prawem dla jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, formy współpracy wertykalnej oraz określono słabości występujące w tym zakresie. Przywołano przykłady organizacji przewozów metropolitalnych w Polsce wykonywane mimo istniejących ograniczeń. Stwierdzono przy tym brak pełnego instrumentarium prawnego i finansowego, który zapewniałby metropoliom pewność prawną w organizacji przewozów aglomeracyjnych. Zaproponowano konkretne rozwiązania, przywołując informację o sposobie rozwiązania opisywanego problemu poza granicami Polski. Słowa kluczowe: organizacja transportu publicznego, przewozy kolejowe, aglomeracje, integracja oferty, wspólny bilet
Modeling the MOSFET's Inversion Layer and Its Universal Mobility: A New Experimental Method
Authors: Shoucair F.
Published: December 2021

We formulate a simple, yet accurate, model for a non-uniform mobile charge density ρ(z) giving rise to a mean potential Ψ* across an inversion layer of finite extent, which we measure by means of a novel, sensitive, experimental method involving nulls of harmonic distortion components (D2 ≈ D3 ≈ 0) of the drain current under sinusoidal excitation below saturation. We thus establish analytically and experimentally, that the low-field, "universal" effective mobility µeff varies as ~(E*T)-1/3 for transversal fields ET*= -(1/εsi)·[ɳQi + Qb] ≤ 0.5 MV/cm, wherein ɳ varies continuously between 1/2 and 1/3. We also establish and observe that the higher order, derivative, parameter θT quantifying µeff’s modulation by E*T varies as ~(E*T)-5/3 under laminar flow conditions, thereby further corroborating the foregoing effects and interpretations thereof.
Unified Approach For Multiscale Radar Cross-Section Measurement by Synthetic Aperture Imaging
Authors: Watanabe Takuma , Yamada Hiroyoshi
Published: December 2021

*This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.

In this study, we present an improved and unified approach for image-based radar cross-section (RCS) measurement by 2-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with an arbitrary curved antenna scanning trajectory. Because RCS is a quantity defined in the far-field distance of an object under test, direct RCS measurement of an electrically large target is often infeasible owing to the spatial limitation of the measurement facility. The method proposed in this study belongs to the class of techniques referred to as the image-based near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) to convert the near-field data of scattering experiment into the far-field RCS. In a previous study, we have developed an NFFFT based on 3-D SAR imaging with an arbitrary antenna scanning surface. However, the previous approach is only applicable to the surface scanning which is impossible for a certain case such as measurement using airborne SAR or vehicle-borne SAR. Therefore, one requires an alternative method that can accommodate an arbitrary scanning curve, which is the subject of this study. We derive a generalized correction factor for image-based NFFFT which is designed to ensure the integral transformation in the image reconstruction process be self-consistent for electrically small scatterers. We provide a series of numerical simulations, an indoor experiment, and an airborne SAR experiment to validate that the proposed scheme can be utilized for various situations ranging from near-field to far-field distance.
Hybrid Beamforming for Terahertz Joint Ultra-Massive MIMO Radar-Communications
Authors: Elbir Ahmet M. , Mishra Kumar Vijay , Chatzinotas Symeon
Published: December 2021

Accepted paper in 2021 17th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS)
Multi-cell Multi-beam Prediction using Auto-encoder LSTM for mmWave systems
Authors: Shah Syed Hashim Ali , Rangan Sundeep
Published: December 2021

Submitted to IEEE TWC. Version after first major revision
Resiliency Metrics for Monitoring and Analysis of Cyber-Power Distribution System with IoTs
Authors: Sarker Partha S. , Sadanandan Sajan K , Srivastava Anurag K.
Published: December 2021

The electric grid operation is constantly threatened with natural disasters and cyber intrusions. The introduction of Internet of Things (IoTs) based distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution system provides opportunities for flexible services to enable efficient, reliable and resilient operation. At the same time, IoT based DERs comes with cyber vulnerabilities and requires cyber-power resiliency analysis of the IoT-integrated distribution system. This work focuses on developing metrics for monitoring resiliency of cyber-power distribution system, while maintaining consumers’ privacy. Here, resiliency refers to the system’s ability to keep providing energy to the critical load even with adverse events. In the developed cyber-power Distribution System Resiliency (DSR) metric, the IoT Trustability Score (ITS) considers the effects of IoTs using a neural network with federated learning. ITS and other factors impacting resiliency are integrated into a single metric using Fuzzy Multiple-Criteria Decision Making (F-MCDM) to compute Primary level Node Resiliency (PNR). Finally, DSR is computed by aggregating PNR of all primary nodes and attributes of distribution level network topology and vulnerabilities utilizing game-theoretic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based optimization. The developed metrics will be valuable for i) monitoring the distribution system resiliency considering a holistic cyber-power model; ii) enabling data privacy by not utilizing the raw user data; and iii) enabling better decision-making to select the best possible mitigation strategies towards resilient distribution system. The developed ITS, PNR, and DSR metrics have been validated using multiple case studies for the IoTs-integrated IEEE 123 node distribution system with satisfactory results.
The Degree of Secondary School Managers' Practice of Servant Leadership in Gaza from the Teachers’ Perspective
Authors: Randa Ead Shrair  , Sahar Mohamed Harb
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The study aims to know the degree of secondary school managers' practice of servant leadership in Gaza from their teachers’ perspective. It further aims to examine whether there are any statistically significant differences at (α 0.05≥) between the means of the study sample’s members attributed to variables such as (gender, educational qualification, and years of experience). To achieve the objectives of the study, the study adopted the descriptive survey method, using a questionnaire consisting of (30) items distributed to four domains: (workers service, ethical dealing, motivation & influence, and building an organized, integrated society). Then, the questionnaire was distributed to  the sample, which consisted of (262) teachers. The study has shown that the total estimation degree of the sample regarding their managers’ use of servant leadership is great at a mean of (3.94) and a relative weight equal to (78.8%). The study has further revealed that the dimension of (ethical dealing) occupied the first rank with a relative weight of (81.4%), whereas the dimension of “workers service and motivation & influence”, scored the second rank with a relative weight of (78.7%). As for the dimension of building an organized and integrated society, it took the last rank with a relative weight of (75%). It has been further noticed that there are no statistically significant differences at (α 0.05 ≥) between the average degree of the study sample in relation to the variables (gender, educational qualification, and years of experience).
KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU MATEMATIKA SMA DI KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA
Authors: Talitha Dea , Sugianto Sugianto , Alipatan Mochammad
Published: December 2021

Kompetensi pedagogik guru matematika merupakan kemampuan guru matematika dalam memahami peserta didik untuk menentukan tingkat keberhasilan proses dan hasil pembelajaran peserta didiknya.. Oleh karena itu, penguasaan guru matematika terhadap kompetensi pedagogik ini sangat berpengaruh dalam mengelola pembelajaran peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan kompetensi pedagogik guru matematika di SMA Negeri 1 Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara. Data dijaring menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh: (1) guru matematika memberi kesempatan yang sama kepada peserta didik untuk berpartisipasi aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, dan belum optimal mengenali lebih dalam perkembangan anak didiknya (minat, bakat) yang beragam, (2) guru matematika memastikan tingkat pemahaman peserta didik dengan quipper school, (3) guru matematika dapat menyusun silabus sesuai kurikulum yang dibuat bersama melalui forum MGMP selanjutnya merancang RPP, (4) guru matematika melakukan aktivitas pembelajaran secara bervariasi dan memberi banyak kesempatan untuk bertanya, memberikan contoh, dan mempraktikkan soal, (5) guru matematika merancang bentuk penilaian sesuai tingkat kemajuan peserta didik tetapi kurang optimal mengidentifikasi tentang bakat minat potensi peserta didik, 6) guru matematika berkomunikasi secara empatik dengan memberi perhatian dan mendengarkan semua pertanyaan dan tanggapan peserta didik, (7) guru matematika menyusun alat penilaian sesuai alat pembelajaran dengan berbagai teknik dan jenis penilaian tetapi tidak dilakukan analisis penilaian.
UPAYA GURU MATEMATIKA SMA KOTA BALIKPAPAN DALAM PENINGKATAN MUTU KINERJA SEBAGAI PENDIDIK
Authors: Lusia Ina Kewa Antonia , Alipatan Mochammad , Ismiyati Nur
Published: December 2021

Guru sebagai tenaga profesional mempunyai fungsi, peran, dan kedudukan yang sangat penting dalam mencapai visi pendidikan yaitu menciptakan insan Indonesia cerdas dan kompetitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif metode deskriptif dengan analisis kasus. Berdasarkan temuan hasil penelitian, bahwa upaya yang dilakukan guru matematika dalam peningkatan mutu kinerja sebagai pendidik adalah (1) mengembangkan kurikulum dengan cara membuat silabus dengan berdasarkan pada kurikulum, membuat RPP sesuai dengan silabus yang mencakup mata pelajaran, materi pokok, alokasi waktu . (2) Penilaian dan evaluasi dengan cara menyusun alat penilaian yang sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran dengan berbagai jenis seperti yang tertulis dalam RPP. (3) Bersikap inklusif, bertindak obyektif serta tidak diskriminatif dengan cara memperlakukan peserta didik secara adil, dan menjaga hubungan baik dengan teman sejawat. (4) Menunjukkan pribadi yang dewasa dan teladan dengan cara bertingkah laku sopan dalam berbicara berpenampilan serta bersikap dewasa dalam menerima masukan dari peserta didik. (5) Mengembangkan keprofesian melalui tindakan reflektif dengan cara selalu mengevaluasi diri, mengikuti pelatihan, seminar, dan kegiatan MGMP.
KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X DITINJAU DARI TAKSONOMI BLOOM REVISI RANAH KOGNITIF
Authors: Maulani Maghfira , Alipatan Mochammad , Khotimah Husnul
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini membahas tentang tingkat kesulitan belajar matematika siswa ditinjau dari taksonomi bloom revisi ranah kognitif siswa kelas X. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis kesulitan serta faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan belajar Matematika yang dialami siswa kelas X di SMAIT Al Auliya Balikpapan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 58 siswa. Subjek yang terpilih dalam wawancara sebanyak 12 siswa yang ditentukan dari tes diagnostiknya. Siswa yang terpilih sebagai subjek wawancara diambil dari hasil tes terendah pada setiap tingkatan kognitif. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode tes, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase kesulitan belajar matematika siswa kelas X SMAIT Al Auliya Balikpapan berdasarkan ranah kognitif taksonomi bloom revisi, yaitu kesulitan pada tahap mengingat 41%; kesulitan pada tahap memahami 63,5%; kesulitan pada tahap menerapkan 68,75%; kesulitan pada tahap menganalisis 77,25%. Selain itu, faktor internal yang menyebabkan kesulitan belajar matematika siswa yaitu kurangnya minat belajar siswa, kurangnya pemahaman baik materi maupun soal yang diberikan, kurangnya daya ingat siswa pada rumus-rumus persamaan kuadrat, kurangnya keahlian dalam menghitung, dan faktor eksternal yang menyebabkan kesulitan belajar matematika siswa yaitu kurangnya perhatian dan dukungan dari keluarga.
PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST AND ETHANOL CREAM IRRITATION TEST OF Moringa oleifera L.
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Sugihartini Nining , Zainab Zainab ,   Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Pamungkas Aji ,   Undergraduate Program Study of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta
Published: December 2021

The development of topical dosage forms of Moringa leaf extract cream has been carried out because of its properties that can moisturize the skin. A pharamceutical preparation must meet the requirements of stability and non toxic. The study aimed to determine the effect of variations un the concentration ethanol extract cream of Moringa leaf of physical stability and irritability. Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was obtained by maceration method with 50% ethanol solvent. The extract was then formulated in the form of O/W base scarring with concentrations of 1% (F1), 3% (F2), and 5% (F3). Creams were evaluated for physical stability including mechanical tests (centrifugation) and physical stability at room temperature (25 ± 2oC) with parameters pH, viscosity on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. In addition, creams were also evaluated for their irritability in vivo with using test animals (rabbits). The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. The results of the physical stability test showed that an increase in the concentration of Moringa leaf extract caused an increase in viscosity (P <0.5) and a decrease in pH (P <0.5) but did not affect physical stability (mechanical test) and its irritating effect. F2 (1%) has a pH of 7.61 while F4 (5%) is 7.01. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that variations in the concentration of ethanol extract of Moringa leaves can affect the physical stability of the cream and do not affect its irritation properties. Moringa leaf ethanol extract cream with a concentration of 5% (F4) has physical stability and does not irritate the skin better than other formulas.
EFEKTIVITAS KOMBINASI PLASMA JET NON -THERMAL DAN SPRAY Aloe vera (L). Burm. f . PADA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA DIABETES
Authors:   Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Arum Astuti Ratih , Hayu Nurani Laela ,   Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Wahyuningsih Iis , Kumala Dewi Devi ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Wahyuning Tyas Eka , Sikumbang Isabella Meliawati , nasruddin Nasruddin
Published: December 2021

Plasma jet non thermal has benefit in wound healing, but less control can to accumulation of reactive oxygen species. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combination of plasma jet and A. vera spray 1% for wound healing in diabetic wounds mice model with parameters of malondialdehyde levels, the skin wound ratio, and blood profile. This study used male Balb/C were induced by a streptozotocin (STZ) and divided into 4 groups, namely groups of untreated diabetic mice wounds (N), groups of diabetic mice wound with A. vera spray 1% (Av), groups of diabetic mice wound with plasma jet non thermal at distance of 20 mm for 3 minutes (P), and groups of diabetic mice wound with plasma jet non thermal at distance of 20 mm for 3 minutes and A. vera spray 1% (PAv). The solution of A. vera spray 1% preparation consists of A. vera, DMSO, and aquabidest extracts. The wounds of all groups treated for 14 days then the malondialdehyde, skin wound ratio and blood profile were calculated by SPSS Statistic. The results of blood glucose before treatment were 241.74 dL ± 51.99. The combination of plasma jet and A. vera spray 1% groups were significant (p <0.05) in reduce malondialdehyde levels, reduced the the skin wound ratio but not different significantly (p> 0.05), and not effect on blood profile data (p> 0.05). In conclusion, A. vera spray 1% can reduce the side effects of plasma jet in diabetic wounds by reducing malondialdehyde levels.
SOSIOEKONOMI, PENGETAHUAN PENYAKIT DIARE DAN PENGETAHUAN SWAMEDIKASI DIARE PADA IBU BALITA DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors:   Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Baroroh Faridah , Hidayati Ana , Nurbayanti Siti , Tin Sari Intan , Zain Atikah , Redy Redy , Retnaning Dyahayu Siwi
Published: December 2021

In Indonesia, the prevalence of diarrhea is highest among children under five. Economic factors and maternal knowledge are, in this case, significantly related to diarrhea incidence, and the latter substantially defines self-medication measures taken for acute diarrhea treatment. The research was intended to determine the extent to which socioeconomic conditions and diarrheal knowledge formed comprehension of such treatment. For this purpose, it employed a cross-sectional study with 504 research subjects, namely, mothers of children under five in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire consisting of items on socioeconomic details (education, employment, income), diarrheal knowledge, and relevant self-medication knowledge. Afterward, education and post-test were conducted using the same list of questions. Analytical techniques were carried out to identify how significant socioeconomic characteristics determined knowledge of diarrheal disease and self-medication.Results showed that, socioeconomically, a large proportion of research subjects attained secondary to tertiary education (76%), were unemployed (71%), and earned low income (62%). Educational attainment was found to be significantly related to levels of knowledge of diarrheal disease and self-medication (p < 0.005), but employment status and income were not (p > 0.005). Analysis results also indicate a significant relationship (p = 0.000) between the level of knowledge of diarrheal disease and that of diarrheal self-medication. Overall, socioeconomic status (i.e., level of education) and diarrheal knowledge is significantly related to diarrheal self-medication knowledge.
PENGARUH METODE PENGERINGAN TERHADAP KADAR SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA HERBA SURUHAN (Peperomia pellucida L.)
Authors:   Program Studi Farmasi Klinis, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Bali Internasional, Bali, Puspita Apsari Dewi , Nanda Aprilianto Muhammad ,   Program Studi Farmasi Klinis, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Bali Internasional, Bali, Luh Desyani Ni ,   Program Studi Farmasi Klinis, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Bali Internasional, Bali, Putu Widayanti Ni ,   Program Studi Farmasi Klinis, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Bali Internasional, Bali
Published: December 2021

Suruhan herb have been used globally as concoction for medical and therapeutic purposes, so that it is much needed to investigate their phytonutrients. The variations in drying methods can affect the levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, so an appropriate drying strategy is needed to produce simplicia that containing high bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Based on the considerations above, this study aimed to determine the effect of various drying methods strategies (direct sunlight, oven drying and wind drying) on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the suruhan herb. The extract of suruhan herb were subsequently analyzed for total flavonoids, total phenols, total tannins, and their antioxidant activity. The results showed that oven-dried suruhan herb produced the highest potential antioxidant activity, that was 94.67 ppm with total flavonoids 51.00 mgQE/g extract, total phenol 63.36 mgGAE/g extract, and total tannins 41.89 mgTAE/g extract. It can be concluded that the variety of drying strategy has a significant impact (p<0.05) on the bioactive content and antioxidant activity of the suruhan herb.
STUDI ETNOMEDISIN PADA MASYARAKAT 5 DESA KECAMATAN SECANG KABUPATEN MAGELANG
Authors:   Departemen Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Jawa Tengah, Syarifuddin Alfian , Amalia Rizka
Published: December 2021

The use of plants for traditional medicines are community tradition in Indonesia. However, the use of plants for hereditary treatment has not been well documented. One of the solutions is an ethnomedicine study, in this study 5 villages located in Secang District, Magelang Regency. The sampling technique used is snowball sampling with observation using instruments and interviews. The number of respondents sample is 388 respondents. The results showed that the community utilized 96 plant species from 47 families. There are 3 types of diseases that use plants in their treatment with an ICF value of 1, namely sprains, nosebleeds, and menstrual flow. The most widely used parts for treatment are leaves (42.61%). The most frequently used processing method is the boiling technique with a percentage of 65.10% by way of use, which is drinking 77.05%. People most often consume with a frequency of 2x a day (74.87%). People usually use treatment during illness/ curative (76.74%). People get plants from their own yard (54.24%). Knowledge about treatment comes from family (hereditary) (72.43%). From some of the results, it can be used as a reference when conducting scientific verification of preclinical testing on test animals.
Perancangan Sistem Penjualan Pakaian Berbasis Web di PT.Quadran Energi Rekayasa Menggunakan Codeigniter3
Authors: Alpiana Resi , Mustika Widantia , Tisnawati Rini
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penulis melakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis dan perancangan sistem informasi penjualan di PT.Quadran Energi Rekayasa. Metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang penulis gunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan studi pustaka,observasi, dan juga wawancara. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa sistem penjualan yang digunakan masih sistem lama dan lambat dalam hal penginputan pengelolaan data dan laporan.Sehingga dibuatlah sistem yang baru. Oleh karna itu dibutlah perancangan sistem informasi penjualan menggunak bahasa pemograman PHP dan framework codeignite3 dengan database My SQL. Dengan adanya sistem penjualan ini diharapkan menjadi solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi, agar penjualan bisa lebih efektif dan efisien.
Popular indicators of the crisis in financial markets
Authors: Kornilov Dmitry , Kornilova Elena
Published: December 2021

The article provides an overview of the factors that ensure the growth of the US stock market despite the fact that a number of popular indicators signal the opposite. The dynamics of indicators (Total Market Cap) / GDP, (Total Market Cap) / (GDP + Total Assets of Fed) and P/E, Shiller P/E ratios are presented. According to Buffett’s Total Market Cap / GDP indicator, the stock market is now “significantly overvalued” and the Shiller P/E ratio has surpassed the “Great Depression” period. At the same time, an increase in the amount of money in circulation as a result of the implementation of Quantitative easing (QE) programs of the FRS, inflation risk and a decrease in the profitability of investments in alternative assets (government and corporate bonds) are forcing investors to stay in stocks and continue to build up positions despite the increase risks and a decrease in potential profitability in the future. The growth of the US stock market is also stimulated by the buyback programs of companies and the inflow of foreign capital. In 2020, there was a V-shaped recovery in the economy, and an absolute record for the amount of funds raised was set in the IPO market. Thanks to financial incentives, the stock market will continue to grow even despite the pandemic and overvalued assets, but the notorious “black swan” may become the “trigger” for the start of the crisis in the financial markets.
Formation of the information and instrumental space for decision-making in the resource-saving system in the value creation flow of an industrial enterprise
Authors: Mizikovskiy Igor'
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of building an information space for managing material resources in the flow of value creation by an industrial enterprise in the conditions of implementing a resource-saving strategy. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the choice of a method of information and instrumental support for the implementation of the functions of rationing, budget planning, control of the execution of estimated tasks, analysis of key indicators of the state of material costs in order to make decisions on the rational use and economy of the latter, reduction (elimination) of excess technological waste and losses. The research presented in the article is based on the application of a systematic approach; structural-functional and statistical types of analysis; methods of observation, graphical visualization, grouping and systematization of data; decomposition, aggregation, comparison and economic interpretation. The results of the study showed significant effectiveness of the application in the management practices of enterprises of the real sector of the economy of the author’s proposed set of techniques and methods of information and instrumental support for the functions of rationing, budget planning, control, economic interpretation and analysis of key indicators of material costs involved in the value creation flow, in order to build a transparent space for making managerial decisions to maintain a resource-saving strategy. The article presents the author’s clarification of the concept of resource saving, which served as the methodological basis for the proposed methods and methods for reducing the resources under consideration, reducing (eliminating) excess technological waste and losses. The practical significance of the tools proposed by the author lies in the fact that the proposed tools will ensure an increase in the efficiency of developing and implementing solutions for the rational use and reasonable economy of material resources in all processes of the value stream, reduce technological waste and losses, reduce material consumption and, consequently, the cost of production, increase the profitability and competitiveness of the business of the enterprise of the real sector of the economy. The directions of future research should be integrated management of all types of resources at each stage of the operational cycle, implemented in a digital format using artificial intelligence systems in real time without the direct participation of the user.
The Federal Financial Monitoring Service (Rosfinmonitoring) as a financial control body that performs functions to counteract the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime
Authors: Terekhin Vladimir , Frolov Konstantin , Yargutova V.
Published: December 2021

Restrictive measures related to the coronavirus pandemic have contributed to the spread of new types of crimes committed using «high» technologies in Russia. The risks of the spread of the criminal situation are aggravated against the background of the spread of coronavirus infection. The most important factor in countering high-tech crime is the work of Rosfinmonitoring, which is targeted at identifying suspicious financial transactions. This article presents the results of a study of the activities of Rosfinmonitoring in the direction of countering the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime using «high» technologies. The authors set a goal to formulate the problems and possible options for overcoming them in the context of the activities of Rosfinmonitoring with the designation of further prospects for improving its activities. The primary task is to set up the mechanism of interaction of Rosfinmonitoring with law enforcement agencies engaged in criminal prosecution. The conclusion is made about the urgent need to achieve certainty in the issue of accounting for cryptocurrencies, the limits of their use in the economic sphere. The results of the study can be useful for employees of financial control bodies, law enforcement agencies.