bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Leitura Hegeliana de Espinoza e de Leibniz
Authors: Blanc Mafalda de Faria ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

La lecture hégélienne des philosophies de Spinoza et de Leibniz est présentée par l’analyse comparative des textes de l'"Anotation" de la Science de la Logique et des Leçons sur l'Histoire de la Philosophie. On conclut que les contextes et les dates différentes des deux textes ne changent pas le fond de l’interprétation hégélienne des deux cartésiens, laquelle mesure par rapport à sa propre conception de l'Absolu ces deux philosophies, comprenant leur principe - unilatéral et contradictoire - de la totalité (Spinoza) et de l'individualité (Leibniz) comme un moment indispensable, mais dépassé, de l'auto-conception de l'Idée.
Peso, Pêsame, Pesadelo - para um Sopesamento (não Saudosista) da Saudade
Authors: Barata-Moura José ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Le présent article entreprend une revisitation critique des thèmes de la "saudade” (ensemble de sentiments à dominante nostalgique que certains tiennent pour intraduisible) et du "saudosismo" (nom d'un mouvem ent nuancé qui se propose d'en faire la théorie), chers à une tradition particulièr e de la pensée philosophique portugaise. La façon dont ces courants envisagent l'ontologie et l'historicité, entre autres, est prise comme objet de discussion.
Vestígios do Mundo. Literatura e Filosofia em Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Dias Isabel Matos ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Ce texte essaie de comprendre le statut et le lieu de la littérature dans le projet philosophique de Merleau-Ponty. En effet, le rencontre avec la littérature se fait dans le cadre d’une recherche de l'originaire, en s'approffondissant dans sa "nouvelle ontologie", où l'on assiste à l'ontologisation de la littérature elle-même. Cette "nouvelle ontologie" c'est une ontogenèse, un perpétuel éclatement de l'Être, et c'est dans cet horizon qu'on doit comprendre le langage: son "institution", son pouvoir heuristique et d'"improvisation continuée". On met en relief, dans ce texte, les réflexions explicites de Merleau-Ponty sur la littérature et ses références littéraires plus significatives, en soulignant les affinités entre Rimbaud, Proust et la pensée philosophique de l'auteut. On cherche encore montrer qu'il y a une équivalence entre les arts et la philosophie, chez Merleau-Ponty. La racine et la possibilité de cette équivalence (elle suppose la parenté et aussi la différence) se trouvent dans le monde originaire, un monde polymorphe et amorphe, toujours en genèse, - la matrice de toute l'expression. On. souligne aussi l’importance de la vision dans la compréhension de l’équivalence, et l’entrelacs et le chiasme entre le voir et le dire.
O Problema da Tolerância na Filosofia Política de John Rawls
Authors: Franco de Sá Alexandre ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

"Das Problem der Toleranz in der politischen Philosophie John Rawls" ist ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der innerhalb der amerikanischen Gesellschaft lebendigen Debatte zwischen Liberalismus und Kommunitarismus. Dieses Verständnis setzt voraus, daß zunächst verstanden wird, was der heutige Liberalismus - wenigstens in seiner kräftigsten Form, d.h. in der Philosophie John Rawls' - vorschlägt und bedeutet. Als Kern des Rawlsschen Liberalismus wird das Problem der Toleranz erkannt. Im Ausgang von der Überlieferung des liberalen Denkens Lockes, Spinozas und Rosseaus, die, die Anerkennug der privaten Glaubens- und Gewissensfreiheit durch den Staat fordernd, gleichzeitig das Recht des Staats anerkannten, eine eigene öffentliche Weltanschauung zu haben, will Rawls den Grund eines gemäß der Weltanschauung neutralen Staats legen. Hinsichtlich des Unterschieds zwischen Gesellschaft und Gemeinschaft muß nach Rawls der gegenwärtige Staat von der Vielfältigkeit der Weltanschauungen gekennzeichnet werden; damit ist der diese Vielfältigkeit ausschließende moderne Staat, der einer Gemeinschaft entspricht, auf eine vorpolitische Ebene zurückgebracht. Ein Hinblick auf die Gründung dieser Gesellschaft, die nach Rawls auf den verschiedenen Gemeischaften wie das Politische auf dem Vorpolitischen aufbaut, und damit die Toleranz erlaubt, ist das Ziel dieser kurzen Einführung in die heutigen Grundlagen des Liberalismus.
Elementos para uma Fenomenologia Literária do Texto Filosófico
Authors: Cândido Pimentel Manuel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

La pluralité des théories sur le texte qui sortent de l'herméneutique philosophique et de la théorie littéraire contemporaines ressemblent à l'extrême complexité du labyrinthe, une image qui rappelle Thésée, l'interprète du sens qui questionne le sens, mais sans y trouver le fil d'Ariane. L'auteur, partant de ce mythe, s'adresse à l'étude du conflit des interprétations sous le nom de complexe de Thésée. La recherche suit la route critique des diverses théories du texte (de Dilthey à Gadamer, Ricoeur et Greimas) et parvient à détacher le sens heuristique du modèle rhétorique argumentatif de la philosophie qui jette sa lumière sur l'intentionalité spécifique du texte et du monde philosophiques, en y voyant la clef de la distinction entre la philosophie et la littérature. L'idée d'une phénoménologie littéraire du texte philosophique est sans doute problématique, mais elle impose une question qu'on ne peut pas ignorer: celle de la nécessité d'interroger s'il existe une différence entre la littérature et la notion du littéraire, entendant par cela l'univers qui englobe la littérature elle-même, la philosophie et les autres discours non-littéraires, au sens de formes qui pourront s'insérer dans le littéraire. Parmi ses réflexions, l'auteur essaie de rendre possible le dialogue de la philosophie et de la littérature, un dialogue qui n'est pas dépourvu d'équivoques, retournant fréquemment à la comparaison entre l'intentionalité philosophique et l'intentionalité en littérature.
Discurso Científico e Poético na Filosofia de Aristóteles
Authors: Paisana João ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

On prend co mme point de départ la distinction aristotelicienne entre Logos apophantikos (discours prédicatif vrai ou faux) et Logos semantikos (discours qui possede une signification, mais n’est ni vrai ni faux) - Aristote - De L ’Interprétation, 4, 17a. Cette distinction conduit Aristote à faire la séparation du discours scientifique, passible de vérité, des sciences théorétiques - et du discours non-scientifique, dépossedé de vérité - Rhetorique et Poétique. Le discours scientifique (théorique) aurait, d'après Aristote, une primauté indiscutable. Dans le présent travail on défend que le discours prédicatif (Logos apophantikos) est subordonné au discours non-prédicatif, qu'il présuppose. C'est l'étude de la structure "en tant que" (structure d e l'expérience - Als Struktur) qui le montre. La structure "en tant que" apophantique s'enracine dans l'expérience de la substance. La structure "en tant que" herméneutique renvoye à une dimension communicative (tradition et pré-compréhension du monde). Cette dimension communicative du discours devient ignorée quand on donne une primauté exclusive au Logos apophantikos, à l'expérience (muette ) de la substance. Par contre, la dimension communicative du discours est bien présupposée, de façon explicite, par Aristote lui-même, dans la Rhétorique et la Poétique, bien qu'il la consi d ere subordonnée. On demande s'il est possible de soutenir la subordination de la Rhétorique et de la Poétique à la Philosophie théorique, alors que le Logos apophantikos, chemin conducteur de la pensée d'Aristote, devient lui-même subordonné (dérivé).
Thomas Manne a Montanha Mágica
Authors: Correia Carlos João ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In this article, we analyse the symbolic meaning of the Thomas Mann's novel, The Magic Mountain. We try to see the scope of the interpretations that consider the metaphors of death, time and culture as the main subject of the novel. Finally, we sustain the idea that Thomas Mann wants to tell us that beauty and perfection are the reverse of death and suffering.
É Legítimo o Uso da Literatura no Processo de Transmissão da Filosofia?
Authors: Henriques Fernanda ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Ce travail cherche, d’une part, à légitimer théoriquement l ’articulation entre Philosophie et Littérature, moyennant la compréhension du sens du rapport philosophie-non philosophie chez Paul Ricoeur; d'autre part, il cherche à montrer la fécondité de ce rapport, dans un mode de transmission de la Philosophie qui ait en considération la nature épistémologique de cette discipline et qui, donc, configure cette transmission comme le développement d’un dialogue entre libertés. En ce qui concerne la légitimation théorique, elle mettra au centre de la reflexion la signification du thème du langage chez Ricoeur, et aussi la portée philosophique de ses essais, de développer un dialogue de tous les champs théoriques, qui se disent dans le langage, y compris la littérature. Le but sera de montrer que la liaison philosophie-littérature peut-être apportera-t-elle une richesse à la réflexion philosophique elle-même, et aussi à sa transmission.
"Destruccion de lo Divino"
Authors: Duque Félix ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate a crucial period in the development of the young Hegel (Jena, 1801-1803). Watching the decline and fall of the Holy German-Roman Empire and the Napoleonic Wars, Hegel laid a first theoretical foundation of the modern State through an allegorical interpretation of Orestes' myth (Eumenides, Aeschylus) as a sort of study-case of the "tragedy in the ethical life". Hegel atempts in this way to overcome the decomposition of the old classical ideals, which takes place at the time of the emerging egoism of the bourgeois capitalism. The proposed solution by Hegel in 1803 is the last attempt to build a new religion on the basis of the reconciliation of the People with their own destiny.
Entre Filosofia e Medicina
Authors: Mesquita António Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Any analysis of the Hippocratic anthropology must begin by taking a stand on two quite different issues. On the one hand, it must ascertain a precise and definite meaning of the word ‘Hippocratic’ in such a context, considering the historical problems surrounding the 'real' Hippocrates and the doctrinal heterogeneity of the Hippocratic collection. On the other hand, it must justify the very possibility of an anthropology within the Hippocratic tradition, by accommodating it with the obvious animadversion that its most representative works show towards any philosophical or speculative inquiry. The first problem can be solved by purely historical means, viz. by restricting the object of analysis to the texts that admittedly represent the views of the Hippocratic school. Not so with the second one, which constitutes the truesignificant problem from a philosophical point of view and with which the present article is therefore concerned. After discussing the texts where the question on the nature of man is posed (Ancient Medicine XX, On the Nature of Man I-IV), a general survey of the Hippocratic conception of the theoretical and scientific foundations of clinical practice is given, in order to understand the Statement according to which it is to medicine, and not to philosophy, that an answer to such a question truly belongs. From such a survey a thesis arises: that, according to the Hippocratic perspective, the appropriate answer to the question on the nature of man is not the one that seeks to determine what man is, even by means of the empirical methods of medicine, but the one that reshapes the question itself, thereby replacing the philosophical focus on the knowing of man, for the sake of knowledge, by the clinical focus on the caring of man, for the sake of man himself.
O Mais Inquietante de Todos os Entes. A Ontologia Trágica de Sófocles e a Sua Tradução em Hölderlin e Heidegger
Authors: Borges-Duarte Irene ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Die griechiesche Definition des Menschenwesens ist Heidegger nach die des Sophokles in das erste Stasimon der Antigone, wo es durch das Wort deinón charakterisiert wird. Nachdem Hölderlin davon zwei Versionen hintergelassen hat, hat auch Heidegger zweimal (1935 und 1943) versucht, diesen Chor ins Deutsch zu übersetzen. Vorliegende Arbeit versucht die Entwicklung der heideggerschen Ontologie des Menschen aus seiner Interpretation des Sophokles und der Übersetzungen Hölderlins und durch eine Vergleichung seiner beiden Versionen herauszuheben.
Atlas of European millipedes 3: Order Chordeumatida (Class Diplopoda)
Authors: Kime Richard Desmond , Enghoff Henrik
Published: September 2021

For each of the 534 species of the millipede order Chordeumatida known from Europe, available information on taxonomy, distribution and habitat is summarized, and the distribution in 50 × 50 km UTM/MGRS squares is shown on a map. Comparisons between Chordeumatida and the equally-sized order Julida are made with respect to distribution patterns and history of exploration.
Serangan hama invasif Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada tanaman jagung di Kabupaten Ende Flores, Indonesia
Authors: Pu'u Yustina MSW , Mutiara Charly
Published: September 2021

Jagung merupakan komoditas utama di Kabupaten Ende. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi oleh petani pada akhir tahun 2019 adalah serangan hama ulat grayak Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) atau ulat grayak frugiperda yang merupakan hama invasif. Akan tetapi, informasi tentang penyebarannya belum dilaporkan. Penelitian ini meliputi survei tingkat serangan, inventarisasi musuh alami hama, dan persebaran geografi S. frugiperda periode musim tanam bulan Juni–Juli 2020. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 200 tanaman sampel di 5 lokasi untuk dihitung populasi, intensitas serangan yang dihitung menggunakan skala Davis, dan jenis musuh alami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi hama dan intensitas serangan S. frugiperda di kelurahan Rewarangga sebesar 8,15 individu/tanaman dan 76%, Lokoboko sebesar 1,32 individu/tanaman dan 34%, Nanganesa sebesar 2,48 individu/tanaman dan 51%, Rewarangga sebesar 5,96 individu/tanaman dan 55%, dan Borokanda 3,31 individu/tanaman dan 42%. Musuh alami hama S. frugiperda belum ditemukan di lapang.
Underperformance of Contemporary Phase III Oncology Trials and Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Shen Changyu , Ferro Enrico G. , Xu Huiping , Kramer Daniel B. , Patell Rushad , Kazi Dhruv S.
Published: September 2021

Background: Statistical testing in phase III clinical trials is subject to chance errors, which can lead to false conclusions with substantial clinical and economic consequences for patients and society. Methods: We collected summary data for the primary endpoints of overall survival (OS) and progression-related survival (PRS) (eg, time to other type of event) for industry-sponsored, randomized, phase III superiority oncology trials from 2008 through 2017. Using an empirical Bayes methodology, we estimated the number of false-positive and false-negative errors in these trials and the errors under alternative P value thresholds and/or sample sizes. Results: We analyzed 187 OS and 216 PRS endpoints from 362 trials. Among 56 OS endpoints that achieved statistical significance, the true efficacy of experimental therapies failed to reach the projected effect size in 33 cases (58.4% false-positives). Among 131 OS endpoints that did not achieve statistical significance, the true efficacy of experimental therapies reached the projected effect size in 1 case (0.9% false-negatives). For PRS endpoints, there were 34 (24.5%) false-positives and 3 (4.2%) false-negatives. Applying an alternative P value threshold and/or sample size could reduce false-positive errors and slightly increase false-negative errors. Conclusions: Current statistical approaches detect almost all truly effective oncologic therapies studied in phase III trials, but they generate many false-positives. Adjusting testing procedures in phase III trials is numerically favorable but practically infeasible. The root of the problem is the large number of ineffective therapies being studied in phase III trials. Innovative strategies are needed to efficiently identify which new therapies merit phase III testing.
La lutte contre le non-recours au coeur des ambivalences de l’État social
Authors: Rode Antoine
Published: September 2021

Dans de nombreux pays, dont la France, le non-recours à l’offre sociale fait l’objet d’une attention croissante qui se traduit par la production de statistiques ou le développement d’actions dédiées. Il rencontre un intérêt fort de plusieurs acteurs, en partie pour sa capacité à offrir un regard critique et renouvelé sur les évolutions du système de protection sociale. Pour autant, la popularité de la lutte contre le non-recours intervient à un moment où des réformes complexifient l’accès aux dispositifs sociaux ou réduisent la portée de droits sociaux, ce qui la place au coeur des ambivalences de l’État social.
Les travailleurs sociaux face aux politiques sociales de lutte contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale au Chili et en France
Authors: Alvarez Rojas Ana María , Rodríguez Llona María Angélica , Mariale Line , Mechaheb Dalila
Published: September 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d’une comparaison réalisée en 2019 entre les récits des professionnels du travail social insérés dans des programmes sociaux de lutte contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale au Chili et en France, autour de l’efficacité de ces programmes. Malgré les différences entre ces deux contextes quant aux types d’État et à la phase du développement du projet néolibéral, les interviewés des deux pays se perçoivent comme des gestionnaires des actions qui ne cherchent, ni ne peuvent, transformer les conditions de pauvreté, d’exclusion et d’inégalité des personnes dites assistées. Pour la majorité d’entre eux, les politiques sociales s’orientent à contenir une fracture sociale déjà en place qui les dépasse largement.
La dualisation des cadres du secteur social et médico-social français
Authors: Heichette Simon
Published: September 2021

Avec les effets du New Public Management appliqué à l’action sociale française, les organismes sociaux et médico-sociaux ont été amenés à développer de nouvelles formes d’encadrement, pour faire face à la contraction de leur budget et à l’imposition de nouveaux dispositifs de gestion. Une dualisation des cadres apparaît, entre un nouveau management à distance du travail social et un encadrement de proximité désormais préposé à l’application d’un ensemble de prescriptions gestionnaires. Cette mutation s’inscrit à la fois comme un effet et une condition de possibilité de la réélaboration de l’action sociale française à l’aune du paradigme néolibéral.
Faire la preuve des choses invisibles
Authors: Giguère Nadia , Handfield Stéphane
Published: September 2021

Devant l’augmentation du nombre de personnes réclamant une protection sociale pour incapacité au travail, plusieurs juridictions resserrent leurs critères d’éligibilité aux programmes. Les personnes souffrant de problèmes de santé mentale sont particulièrement touchées par ces réformes. Cet article documente l’expérience spécifique de personnes souffrant de problèmes de santé mentale engagées dans une demande d’accès au programme québécois de solidarité sociale. Leurs expériences mettent en lumière les enjeux liés au processus médico-administratif d’accès au programme. La discussion ouvre sur des pistes de réflexion pour diminuer les impacts négatifs du processus sur les personnes concernées.
Le projet collectif d’orientation comme modalité d’intervention pour l’insertion sociale et professionnelle
Authors: Dionne Patricia , Bélisle Rachel
Published: September 2021

L’article porte sur le projet collectif d’orientation (PCO) et sa mise en oeuvre avec des groupes de personnes en chômage de longue durée. Le PCO a trois grandes dimensions, soit l’action, l’apprentissage et la reconnaissance, et une directionnalité vers la formation et le travail. Les résultats soutiennent que les personnes participantes développent leur pouvoir d’agir en contribuant à leur communauté. Elles réalisent des apprentissages et peuvent bénéficier d’espaces de reconnaissance de leurs compétences. La transformation du rapport à soi et à la communauté lors des PCO peut devenir un moteur pour des projets favorisant l’insertion sociale et professionnelle.
Engagement des étudiants : une échelle de mesure multidimensionnelle appliquée à des modalités de cours hybrides universitaires
Authors: Heilporn Géraldine , Lakhal Sawsen , Bélisle Marilou , St-Onge Christina
Published: September 2021

Les modalités de cours hybrides, qui combinent des activités synchrones (en classe ou virtuelles) et en ligne asynchrones, représentent un terrain potentiel d’augmentation du niveau d’engagement des étudiants dans leurs cours. L’étude de l’engagement des étudiants dans ces modalités nécessite toutefois l’élaboration d’une échelle de mesure, soit l’objectif de cet article. La nouvelle Échelle multidimensionnelle d’engagement des étudiants dans des modalités de cours hybrides (EMEECH) vient outiller chercheurs et formateurs pour mesurer l’engagement des étudiants dans ces modalités selon une perspective multidimensionnelle. Nous présentons son élaboration ainsi que des preuves de validité pour sa structure interne obtenues par analyses factorielles exploratoires et de cohérence interne sur la base de données diversifiées provenant de trois institutions universitaires. Un premier échantillon (n1 = 234) a permis d’identifier trois dimensions de l’engagement des étudiants : émotionnelle-cognitive, sociale et comportementale. Un second échantillon (n2 = 231) a appuyé la structure interne de la nouvelle échelle en confirmant sa structure factorielle et en présentant une très bonne cohérence interne.
Caractéristiques de préadmission et persévérance aux études à la maîtrise en sciences et technologies au Burkina Faso : le rôle médiateur de l’expérience universitaire
Authors: Loye Alexis Salvador , Frenette Eric , Kobiané Jean-François
Published: September 2021

La présente recherche vise à expliquer l’effet de l’expérience universitaire (bourse, redoublement) sur la relation entre les caractéristiques de préadmission (profession du père, genre, lieu de naissance, âge à la première inscription, domaine d’étude, score à l’examen de fin du secondaire, délai d’inscription, réforme universitaire) et la persévérance aux études à la maîtrise en sciences, technologies, ingénierie et mathématiques (STIM) à une université au Burkina Faso. La régression de Cox et l’analyse moderne de médiation sont utilisées sur des données longitudinales de 14 cohortes d’étudiants (n = 13 891). Les résultats indiquent une médiation indirecte uniquement (profession du père [autre], domaine d’étude, âge à la première inscription); une médiation complémentaire (score à l’examen de fin du secondaire); une médiation compétitive (délai d’inscription, réforme universitaire); une absence de médiation (lien direct uniquement) pour le genre; et aucun effet médiateur pour le lieu de naissance et la profession salariée du père. Des programmes de bourses ainsi que des réformes et politiques adéquates visant à réduire le redoublement amélioreraient la persévérance aux études à la maîtrise en STIM.
Analysis of characteristics of gravity waves of heavy rainfall event based on microbarograph observation
Authors: Wang Xiu-Juan , Ran Ling-Kun , Qi Yan-Bin , Ma Shu-Ping , Mu Xiu-Xiang , Jiang Zhong-Bao , Bi Xiao-Xiao ,   Jilin Province Technology Center for Meteorological Disaster Prevention, Changchun 130062, China,   Joint Open Laboratory for Weather Modification of Jilin Provincial People’s Government, China Meteorological Administration, Changchun 130062, China,   Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,   Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China,   Climate Center of Jilin Province, Jilin Province Meteorological Bureau, Changchun 130062, China
Published: September 2021

Taking advantage of high-precision microbarograph data, satellite, ground measured data and GDAS data, the characteristics of gravity waves during the cold vortex heavy rainfall in Northeast China on 29−30 July 2020 are analyzed. The results show that the gravity waves initiate this heavy rainfall. In 2−4 h before the heavy rainfall, there appear the precursor activities of gravity waves with a period of about 128 min. During the heavy rainfall, the periods of gravity waves concentrate in a range of 120−180 min. During the development of convective storms, there occur gravity waves with periods in a range of 128−256 min. And severe storms spark the gravity waves with shorter periods (8−64 min). The relationship between rainstorm and gravity wave is interactive. When severe storms develop, there occur thunderstorm high pressure, cold pool and out-flow boundary. In the front of cold pool, there is formed a flow convergence. The convergence and divergence of air flow propagate forward, forming gravity waves and finally triggering the rainstorm. The characteristics of precursor activities of gravity waves may play a positive role in warning heavy rainfall during the cold vortex in Northeast China.
Preparation and magnetocaloric properties of Gd45Ni30Al15Co10 amorphous alloy
Authors: Peng Jia-Xin , Tang Ben-Zhen , Chen Qi-Xin , Li Dong-Mei , Guo Xiao-Long , Xia Lei , Yu Peng ,   Chongqing Key Laboratory of Photo-Electric Functional Materials, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China,   Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
Published: September 2021

Materials with excellent magnetocaloric properties are a key factor for the application of magnetic refrigeration technology. In this work, an amorphous ribbon of quaternary Gd45Ni30Al15Co10 alloy is designed and prepared, and the magnetocaloric properties of the alloy are systematically studied. The introduction of Co can improve the thermal stability of the amorphous structure. The Curie temperature and effective magnetic moment of Gd45Ni30Al15Co10 amorphous ribbon are 80 K and 7.21 μB, respectively. At 10 K temperature, the saturation magnetization and the coercivity of the alloy reach 173 A·m2·kg–1 and 0.8 kA·m–1, respectively, which indicates excellent soft magnetic properties. At 5 T magnetic field, the peak value of magnetic entropy change and relative cooling capacity of Gd45Ni30Al15Co10 amorphous alloy are as high as 10.2 J·kg–1·K–1 and 918 J·kg–1 respectively. The amorphous alloy has typical secondary magnetic phase transition characteristics, and the magnetic refrigeration can be realized in a wide temperature range. The Gd atomic content is less than 50% with low cost, which means that the alloy is an ideal magnetic refrigeration material.
Multiscale analysis reveals that diet-dependent midgut plasticity emerges from alterations in both stem cell niche coupling and enterocyte size
Authors: Bonfini Alessandro , Dobson Adam J , Duneau David , Revah Jonathan , Liu Xi , Houtz Philip , Buchon Nicolas
Published: September 2021

The gut is the primary interface between an animal and food, but how it adapts to qualitative dietary variation is poorly defined. We find that the Drosophila midgut plastically resizes following changes in dietary composition. A panel of nutrients collectively promote gut growth, which sugar opposes. Diet influences absolute and relative levels of enterocyte loss and stem cell proliferation, which together determine cell numbers. Diet also influences enterocyte size. A high sugar diet inhibits translation and uncouples intestinal stem cell proliferation from expression of niche-derived signals, but, surprisingly, rescuing these effects genetically was not sufficient to modify diet’s impact on midgut size. However, when stem cell proliferation was deficient, diet’s impact on enterocyte size was enhanced, and reducing enterocyte-autonomous TOR signaling was sufficient to attenuate diet-dependent midgut resizing. These data clarify the complex relationships between nutrition, epithelial dynamics, and cell size, and reveal a new mode of plastic, diet-dependent organ resizing.
Circadian regulation of vertebrate cone photoreceptor function
Authors: Zang Jingjing , Gesemann Matthias , Keim Jennifer , Samardzija Marijana , Grimm Christian , Neuhauss Stephan CF
Published: September 2021

Eukaryotes generally display a circadian rhythm as an adaption to the reoccurring day/night cycle. This is particularly true for visual physiology that is directly affected by changing light conditions. Here we investigate the influence of the circadian rhythm on the expression and function of visual transduction cascade regulators in diurnal zebrafish and nocturnal mice. We focused on regulators of shut-off kinetics such as Recoverins, Arrestins, Opsin kinases, and Regulator of G-protein signaling that have direct effects on temporal vision. Transcript as well as protein levels of most analyzed genes show a robust circadian rhythm-dependent regulation, which correlates with changes in photoresponse kinetics. Electroretinography demonstrates that photoresponse recovery in zebrafish is delayed in the evening and accelerated in the morning. Functional rhythmicity persists in continuous darkness, and it is reversed by an inverted light cycle and disrupted by constant light. This is in line with our finding that orthologous gene transcripts from diurnal zebrafish and nocturnal mice are often expressed in an anti-phasic daily rhythm.
A zebrafish screen reveals Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors as neuroprotective via mitochondrial restoration in dopamine neurons
Authors: Kim Gha-Hyun J , Mo Han , Liu Harrison , Wu Zhihao , Chen Steven , Zheng Jiashun , Zhao Xiang , Nucum Daryl , Shortland James , Peng Longping , Elepano Mannuel , Tang Benjamin , Olson Steven , Paras Nick , Li Hao , Renslo Adam R , Arkin Michelle R , Huang Bo , Lu Bingwei , Sirota Marina , Guo Su
Published: September 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder without effective disease-modifying therapeutics. Here, we establish a chemogenetic dopamine (DA) neuron ablation model in larval zebrafish with mitochondrial dysfunction and robustness suitable for high-content screening. We use this system to conduct an in vivo DA neuron imaging-based chemical screen and identify the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) inhibitors as significantly neuroprotective. Knockdown of the angiotensin receptor 1 (agtr1) in DA neurons reveals a cell-autonomous mechanism of neuroprotection. DA neuron-specific RNA-seq identifies mitochondrial pathway gene expression that is significantly restored by RAAS inhibitor treatment. The neuroprotective effect of RAAS inhibitors is further observed in a zebrafish Gaucher disease model and Drosophila pink1-deficient PD model. Finally, examination of clinical data reveals a significant effect of RAAS inhibitors in delaying PD progression. Our findings reveal the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of targeting the RAAS pathway for neuroprotection and demonstrate a salient approach that bridges basic science to translational medicine.
Detection of syrup adulterants in manuka and jarrah honey using HPTLC-multivariate data analysis
Authors: Islam Md Khairul , Vinsen Kevin , Sostaric Tomislav , Lim Lee Yong , Locher Cornelia
Published: September 2021

High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was used in a chemometric investigation of the derived sugar and organic extract profiles of two different honeys (Manuka and Jarrah) with adulterants. Each honey was adulterated with one of six different sugar syrups (rice, corn, golden, treacle, glucose and maple syrups) in five different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% w/w). The chemometric analysis was based on the combined sugar and organic extract profiles’ datasets. To obtain the respective sugar profiles, the amount of fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose present in the honey was quantified and for the organic extract profile, the honey’s dichloromethane extract was investigated at 254 and 366 nm, as well as at T (Transmittance) white light and at 366 nm after derivatisation. The presence of sugar syrups, even at a concentration of only 10%, significantly influenced the honeys’ sugar and organic extract profiles and multivariate data analysis of these profiles, in particular cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), principal component regression (PCR), partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and Machine Learning using an artificial neural network (ANN), were able to detect post-harvest syrup adulterations and to discriminate between neat and adulterated honey samples. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis, for instance, could easily differentiate between neat and adulterated honeys through the use of CA or PCA plots. In particular the presence of excess amounts of maltose and sucrose allowed for the detection of sugar adulterants and adulterated honeys by HPTLC-multivariate data analysis. Partial least-squares regression and artificial neural networking were employed, with augmented datasets, to develop optimal calibration for the adulterated honeys and to predict those accurately, which suggests a good predictive capacity of the developed model.
Chimpanzee facial gestures and the implications for the evolution of language
Authors: Florkiewicz Brittany , Campbell Matthew
Published: September 2021

Great ape manual gestures are described as communicative, flexible, intentional, and goal-oriented. These gestures are thought to be an evolutionary pre-cursor to human language. Conversely, facial expressions are thought to be inflexible, automatic, and derived from emotion. However, great apes can make a wide range of movements with their faces, and they may possess the control needed to gesture with their faces as well as their hands. We examined whether chimpanzee facial expressions possess the four important gesture properties and how they compare to manual gestures. To do this, we quantified variables that have been previously described through largely qualitative means. Chimpanzee facial expressions met all four gesture criteria and performed remarkably similar to manual gestures. Facial gestures have implications for the evolution of language. If other mammals also show facial gestures, then the gestural origins of language may be much older than the human/great ape lineage.
“EU ACREDITO NA VÍTIMA” E O PRINCÍPIO DA PRESUNÇÃO DE INOCÊNCIA: RELAÇÕES DE PODER E OS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS NO JUDICIÁRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Selis Santos Caldas Joana
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo examina - através de uma análise bibliográfica - o movimento que possui como objetivo validar relatos das vítimas de estupro, acreditando em suas versões do caso, sua relação com o princípio da presunção de inocência e com o populismo penal midiático - o qual está associado a um debate acerca dos limites do princípio da liberdade de expressão frente à presunção de inocência. Ademais, aborda o papel fundamental das relações de poder nessa discussão, com destaque para as relações de gênero. A partir de uma análise do conceito de estupro, de como ele é tratado pelo sistema penal e do modo no qual a vítima é vista pela sociedade e, consequentemente, pelo judiciário, da importância da presunção de inocência e da cobertura midiática do crime, busca analisar se esse movimento vai realmente de encontro com o princípio da presunção de inocência.
VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA: perspectiva de criação de Lei Municipal que contribua na efetivação dos direitos da gestante e da parturiente no município de Santo Antônio De Jesus/BA
Authors: SANTOS ALINE PASSOS , CARIGÉ ELIANE CERQUEIRA NERI
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo analisou a viabilidade da criação de uma lei no munícipio de Santo Antônio de Jesus - Bahia que contribua como meio de efetivação dos direitos da gestante e da parturiente, em atendimento na rede de saúde municipal. A abordagem do tema deu-se por metodologia exploratória-descritiva, de cunho qualitativo, desenvolvida em quatro etapas, que contempalaram sequencialmente questões como: a naturalização do sofrimento no parto; os direitos da gestante e da parturiente no Brasil, seguida de uma breve análise de atos normativos e da legislação federal pertinente; pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o atendimento obstétrico; e análise dos atos normativos e legislação municipal voltada para a proteção da gestante, parturiente e puérpera atendidas na rede do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e rede credenciada, no município de Santo Antônio de Jesus. O problema de pesquisa consistiu em analisar de que forma as legislações municipais podem contribuir de forma efetiva na proteção dos direitos das gestantes e parturientes, de forma a contribuir com uma análise crítica no campo científico, sobre a relevância das legislações municipais e atuação articulada de gestores, entidades e organizações locais. Conclui-se que a viabilidade da criação da lei local, deve estar fortalecida por ações intersetoriais e atuação de redes de proteção obstétrica.
3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) mediates crosstalk between Src and Akt pathways in MET receptor signaling
Authors: Molinaro Caroline , Martoriati Alain , Lescuyer Arlette , Fliniaux Ingrid , Tulasne David , Cailliau Katia
Published: September 2021

The high‐affinity tyrosine kinase receptor MET plays a pivotal role in several facets of cell regulation. Although its mitogenic effect is well documented, some aspects of connection patterns between signaling pathways involved in cell cycle progression remain to be deciphered. We have used a tractable heterologous expression system, the Xenopus oocyte, to detect connections between distinct MET signaling cascades involved in G2/M progression. Our results reveal that Src acts as an adapter via its SH2 domain to recruit 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) to the MET signaling complex leading to Akt phosphorylation. These data define an original crosstalk between Src and Akt signaling pathways that contributes to MET‐induced entry into the M phase, and deserves further investigation in pathologies harboring deregulation of this receptor.
Adaptive interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control for an underactuated cable‐driven robot
Authors: J. Harandi M. Reza , Taghirad Hamid D.
Published: September 2021

Interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control (IDA‐PBC) provides a general framework to stabilize underactuated mechanical systems by assigning the desired Hamiltonian to the system, which is obtained from the solution of partial differential equations. In this article, the IDA‐PBC method is applied to an underactuated cable‐driven robot to stabilize out‐of‐plane motion of the system. An adaptation law for the system's mass is designed such that asymptotic stability is ensured with positive tension in cables through the direct Lyapunov method. The results are verified through some simulations.
Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Materials Based on a Large Conjugated Electron‐Deficient Core for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hai Jiefeng , Wu Hao , Yin Xinxing , Song Jiaxing , Hu Lin , Jin Yingzhi , Li Ling , Su Zhen , Xu Zhiguang , Wang Hao , Li Zaifang
Published: September 2021

Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a significant role in device efficiencies and long‐term stabilities of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, two simple dopant‐free HTMs are designed with a large conjugated electron‐deficient core. On the one hand, a large coplanar backbone endows enhanced π–π stacking and reduced hole hopping distance. On the other hand, the incorporation of electron‐deficient unit can easily tune the energy levels as well as increase hole mobilities. Combining these two advantages together, 12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro[1,2,5]thiadiazole[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″:4,5]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole is chosen as the large electron‐deficient core to construct two novel dopant‐free HTMs, Y6‐T and Y‐T. Both Y6‐T and Y‐T behave suitable highest occupied molecular orbital levels, good hole mobilities, as well as strong hydrophobicities. After careful device optimization with a passivation agent, Y‐T delivers an impressive power conversion efficiency of 20.29%, which is higher than that of Y6‐T (18.82%) and doped spiro‐OMeTAD (19.24%). Moreover, PSCs based on Y6‐T and Y‐T show much better long‐term stabilities than spiro‐OMeTAD due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity. Therefore, this work provides a promising candidate as well as a useful design strategy for exploring dopant‐free HTMs, which may pave the way for the commercialization of PSCs.
A Nationwide Survey on Digestive Reconstruction Following Pharyngolaryngectomy With Total Esophagectomy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Japan
Authors: Okamura Akihiko , Watanabe Masayuki , Mukoyama Nobuaki , Ota Yoshihiro , Shiraishi Osamu , Shimbashi Wataru , Baba Yoshifumi , Matsui Hidetoshi , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Sugimura Keijiro , Morita Masaru , Sakai Makoto , Sato Hiroshi , Shibata Tomotaka , Nasu Motomi , Matsumoto Shuichi , Toh Yasushi , Shiotani Akihiro ,   the Japan Broncho‐Esophagological Society, Pharyngolaryngectomy with Total Esophagectomy (JBES‐PLTE) Study Group
Published: September 2021

Aim

Digestive reconstruction after pharyngolaryngectomy with total esophagectomy (PLTE) remains challenging, with the optimal method remaining unclear. The current study aimed to clarify the short‐term outcomes after PLTE and determine the optimal digestive reconstruction method.

Methods

Based on a nationwide survey of 151 patients who underwent PLTE, outcomes of digestive reconstruction methods are described.

Results

Among digestive reconstruction methods, a simple gastric tube was most frequently used (37.1%), followed by gastric tube combined with free graft transfer (FGT) (35.1%), gastric tube with microvascular anastomosis (22.5%), and other procedures (5.3%). Intraoperative evaluation of microcirculation (IOEM) was utilized in 29 patients (19.2%). Among the included patients, 66.9% developed any‐grade complications, 41.0% developed severe complications, and 23.8% developed digestive reconstruction‐related complications (DRRCs; leakage or necrosis). Reoperation within 30 days for any complications and DRRCs was required in 13.9% and 8.6% of the patients, respectively. Mortality within 90 days was observed in 4.6%. Among the three major methods, gastric tube combined with FGT promoted the least DRRCs in the gastric tube (P = .005), although the overall incidence of DRRCs was comparable. The use of IOEM was significantly associated with a reduction of severe DRRCs (P = .005).

Conclusions

Pharyngolaryngectomy with total esophagectomy is a high‐risk surgery significantly associated with the occurrence of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, the addition of FGT can help prevent gastric tip complications, while IOEM can be an effective method for improving outcomes.
Novel hemizygous loss‐of‐function variant in NONO identified in a South African boy
Authors: Coetzer Kimberly Christine , Moosa Shahida
Published: September 2021

Hemizygous loss‐of‐function variants in the non‐POU domain‐containing, octamer‐binding gene, NONO, cause X‐linked mental retardation syndrome 34 (MRXS34). Here, we describe the 12th patient in the literature with this rare syndrome, the first affected male from sub‐Saharan Africa. This South African patient presented with dysmorphic features, congenital cardiac abnormalities (Ebstein's anomaly, left ventricular non‐compaction, and a VSD), and developmental delay. He was enrolled in our “Undiagnosed Disease Programme.” Exome sequencing identified a novel hemizygous 14bp deletion in NONO, which he inherited from his unaffected, healthy mother. His features overlap with the previous patients described, lending more support to the assertion that MRXS34 is a recognizable, albeit rare, syndrome. The cardiac anomalies are particularly distinctive, which combined with a variety of other associated features, should prompt the inclusion of NONO‐associated MRXS34 in the differential diagnosis.
Acid sulfite pulping of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita as a pretreatment method for multiproduct biorefineries
Authors: Fiskari Juha , Kilpeläinen Petri
Published: September 2021

Conversion of biomass into saleable biochemicals and fuels requires the use of a pretreatment to enable subsequent processing. Acid sulfite pulping is one of the most cost‐effective strategies, because the chemicals are inexpensive and the technology is available on an industrial scale. It also allows the simultaneous production of cellulosic fibers and lignosulfonate. However, too little is known about the feasibility of acid sulfite pulping of tropical hardwoods. The objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of the response of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita in acid sulfite pulping. The plantation‐grown hardwood chip samples were obtained from Sabah, Malaysia. The sulfite cooking experiments were carried out in autoclaves with temperatures of 130°C and 140°C and varied chemical charges. The results revealed that a cooking temperature of 140°C was needed to reach kappa numbers below 30, but this also resulted in much reduced fiber length and higher fines content than 130°C, probably due to the intensified acid hydrolysis. To reach kappa numbers below 20, more severe cooking conditions are needed. These results demonstrate that using A. mangium and E. pellita as feedstocks allows feasible production of chemical pulp and sulfonated lignin, which are intermediate products for biorefineries.
Clinical features and related factors of freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Fengting , Shi Jin , Duan Yangyang , Cheng Jiang , Li Hui , Xuan Tingting , Lv Yue , Wang Peng , Li Haining
Published: September 2021

Background

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling paroxysmal gait disorder that prevents starting or resuming walking, which seriously negatively affects patients’ quality of life (QOL). The diagnosis and treatment of FOG remain a huge medical challenge. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics and related factors of FOG in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

The motor and nonmotor symptoms of a total number of 77 PD patients were evaluated. Patients with or without FOG were defined as a score ≥1 in the new freezing of gait questionnaire (NFOG‐Q). A comparative study between patients with and without FOG was conducted.

Results

In this investigation, the prevalence of FOG was 48%. The patients with FOG had longer disease duration, higher Hoehn‐Yahr stage (H‐Y stage), higher dose of dopaminergic agents, and higher nonmotor and motor symptom scores. A significant positive correlation was found between the NFOG‐Q score and the H‐Y stage, PIGD subscore, PDQ‐39, and the attention/memory in the nonmotor symptoms assessment scale (NMSS) subitem (r > 0.5, p < .05). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the higher H‐Y stage, higher rigidity subscore and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale II (UPDRS II) score, and UPDRS III score were significantly correlated with the occurrence of FOG (p < .05). In the analysis of the frequency of FOG, the prevalence of FOG in H‐Y stage was higher in the middle and late stages, and the prevalence of FOG increased with the increase in PDQ‐39 scores.

Conclusion

The severity of FOG was significantly positively correlated with the H‐Y stage, PIGD subscore, PDQ‐39 score, and attention/memory score. Based on our findings, we conclude that the clinical characteristics of rigidity can be used as a potential predictor of FOG.