bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difference on Glucose Profile From Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People With Prediabetes vs. Normoglycemic Individuals: A Matched-Pair Analysis
Authors: Rizos Evangelos C. , Kanellopoulou Afroditi , Filis Panagiotis , Markozannes Georgios , Chaliasos Konstantinos , Ntzani Evangelia E. , Tzamouranou Athina , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Tsilidis Konstantinos K.
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Comprehensive characteristics of the glycemic profile for prediabetes derived by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are unknown. We evaluate the difference of CGM profiles between individuals with prediabetes and normoglycemic individuals, including the response to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods:

Individuals with prediabetes matched for age, sex, and BMI with normoglycemic individuals were instructed to use professional CGM for 1 week. OGTT was performed on the second day. The primary outcomes were percentages of glucose readings time below range (TBR): <54 or <70 mg/dL, time in range (TIR): 70 to 180 mg/dL, and time above range (TAR): >180 or >250 mg/dL. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated following the OGTT. Glucose variability was depicted by coefficient of variation (CV), SD, and mean amplitude of glucose excursion (MAGE). Wilcoxon sign-ranked test, McNemar mid P-test and linear regression models were employed.

Results:

In all, 36 participants (median age 51 years; median body mass index [BMI] = 26.4 kg/m2) formed 18 matched pairs. Statistically significant differences were observed for 24-hour time in range (TIR; median 98.5% vs. 99.9%, P = .013), time above range (TAR) >180 mg/dl (0.4% vs. 0%, P = .0062), and 24-hour mean interstitial glucose (113.8 vs. 108.8 mg/dL, P = .0038) between people with prediabetes compared to normoglycemic participants. Statistically significant differences favoring the normoglycemic group were found for glycemic variability indexes (median CV 15.2% vs. 11.9%, P = .0156; median MAGE 44.3 vs. 33.3 mg/dL, P = 0.0043). Following OGTT, the AUC was significantly lower in normoglycemic compared to the prediabetes group (median 18615.3 vs. 16370.0, P = .0347 for total and 4666.5 vs. 2792.7, P = .0429 for incremental 2-hour post OGTT).

Conclusion:

Individuals with prediabetes have different glucose profiles compared to normoglycemic individuals. CGM might be helpful in individuals with borderline glucose values for a more accurate reclassification.
Performative innovation: Data governance in China's fintech industries
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: September 2022

The financial applications of data technology have enabled the rise of Chinese fintech industries. As part of people's everyday lives, fintech apps have helped companies collect vast amounts of user data for business profit and social good. This paper takes an open-systems approach to study the constructs of this emerging idea of data governance, particularly its operational logic, involved stakeholders, and socio-cultural consequences in the context of fintech industries in China. It asserts that data governance at the company level has been realized through three types of tasks: standardization, configuration, and monetization of big data. These tasks are oriented by the imperative of business innovation which is considered pivotal for the company to survive the competition. An ensemble of internal and external actors joined the governing process, but internal actors hold the stake. The goal of innovation drives the companies to speedily collect data from a wider variety of sources, thus having to establish more sophisticated systems to manage and utilize those data. These complicated systems, however, have urged the government to strengthen regulatory controls alongside the general support of business innovation. This study unveils the performative aspects of big-data-based innovation at fintech firms. It also helps to understand the pathology of the innovation-governance paradox shared in the data economy in the global context.
The Direct to Consumer Stem Cell Market and the Role of Primary Care Providers in Correcting Misinformation
Authors: Arthurs Jennifer R. , Martin Lillie Charlene M. , Master Zubin , Shapiro Shane A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Direct to consumer stem cell and regenerative interventions (SCRIs) for various medical conditions have increased in popularity due to unmet medical needs and the promise of SCRIs to meet those needs. These interventions may have varying levels of safety and efficacy data and many lack sufficient scientific data to be marketed. The direct to consumer SCRI industry has received significant attention due to potential physical, economic, and emotional harms to patients. Patients may seek the counsel of their primary care providers when considering stem cell therapy for their condition.

Methods:

Here we describe strategies primary care providers can utilize when counseling patients.

Results:

Although we recommend constructing these discussions around individual patients’ needs, one can utilize a general approach consisting of 4 parts. First, providers should recognize what information the patient is seeking and what is their understanding of stem cell and regenerative medicine. Next, providers should convey evidence-based information at the level of patients understanding so that they are aware of the risks, benefits, and descriptions of possible procedures. Throughout the conversations, attempts should be made to guide patients to a trusted resource that can provide additional information. Finally, providers should make an effort to address misinformation in a way that is nonjudgmental and patient-centered to make the patient feel safe and comfortable.

Conclusion:

Effectively communicating risk information by primary care providers to patients is important given the harms reported from direct-to-consumer SCRIs. Correcting misinformation remains a priority when discussing SCRI’s. Providers should strive to offer patients with additional resources such as the opportunity for consultation with a specialist or a consultation service dedicated to informing patients about regenerative medicine.
Increasing Employee Motivation to Lead Through an Understanding of Communication Apprehension
Authors: Jones-Carmack Joy
Published: September 2022

This study expanded on current theoretical understanding of motivation to lead by testing a model that includes communication apprehension as a key predictor of motivation to lead. The hypotheses were tested with hierarchical multiple regression applied to cross-sectional data collected from 170 retail employees at stores on the east coast of the United States. The results revealed a strong, negative relationship between communication apprehension and affective-identity, social-normative, and noncalculative motivation to lead. Communication apprehension was a stronger predictor of motivation to lead than other individual difference variables. The results also revealed that although communication apprehension is significantly negatively related to all dimensions of motivation to lead, it accounts for more variance in the affective-identity dimension than the social-normative and noncalculative dimensions. Theoretical and practical implications for communication and leadership development are presented and suggestions for future research are discussed.
VPS13A and VPS13C Influence Lipid Droplet Abundance
Authors: Chen Shuliang , Roberts Melissa A. , Chen Chun-Yuan , Markmiller Sebastian , Wei Hong-Guang , Yeo Gene W. , Granneman James G. , Olzmann James A. , Ferro-Novick Susan
Published: September 2022

Lipid transfer proteins mediate the exchange of lipids between closely apposed membranes at organelle contact sites and play key roles in lipid metabolism, membrane homeostasis, and cellular signaling. A recently discovered novel family of lipid transfer proteins, which includes the VPS13 proteins (VPS13A-D), adopt a rod-like bridge conformation with an extended hydrophobic groove that enables the bulk transfer of membrane lipids for membrane growth. Loss of function mutations in VPS13A and VPS13C cause chorea acanthocytosis and Parkinson's disease, respectively. VPS13A and VPS13C localize to multiple organelle contact sites, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – lipid droplet (LD) contact sites, but the functional roles of these proteins in LD regulation remains mostly unexplored. Here we employ CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to generate VPS13A and VPS13C knockout cell lines in U-2 OS cells via deletion of exon 2 and introduction of an early frameshift. Analysis of LD content in these cell lines revealed that loss of either VPS13A or VPS13C results in reduced LD abundance under oleate-stimulated conditions. These data implicate two lipid transfer proteins, VPS13A and VPS13C, in LD regulation.
A Data-Driven Approach to Running Gait Assessment Using Inertial Measurement Units
Authors: Ross Erin , Milian Anthony , Ferlic Mason , Reed Samuel , Lepley Adam S.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Running is an extremely common exercise, both recreationally and competitively. Combined with clinical assessment, technology-driven biomechanical gait analysis can be used to examine markers of performance and injury risk in runners.

Indications:

The indication is to provide clinicians and sports science researchers a framework for using inertial measurement units (IMU) for data-driven, quantitative gait assessments.

Technique Description:

This video details practical application of IMU use in biomechanical gait assessments. Details on participant and equipment setup, in-session protocols, and selection of gait variables are included.

Results:

Following collection of demographic and anthropometric outcomes, IMUs should be placed on rigid segments of the lower extremity, sacrum, and trunk. In our model, we place IMUs on the foot, shank, thigh, sacrum, and lower thoracic spine. Following static anatomical calibration, running gait biomechanics are evaluated at multiple speeds using IMUs, 2-dimensional high-speed video cameras, and an instrumented treadmill. The high-speed video and IMU data are analyzed together at various parts of the gait cycle, including foot strike, mid-stance, toe-off, and flight. Many kinematic and kinetic variables (ie, unilateral discrete joint angles, joint excursions, joint moments, spatiotemporal outcomes, etc) can be selected for analysis, ideally via a collaboration between the sports science, athletic, and sports medicine teams. A collaborative approach should also be used to determine how this information will be used to alter training programs or influence injury risk in the running athlete.

Discussion/Conclusion:

This report details how to use a data-driven approach to evaluate running gait biomechanics using IMU technology. This framework for gait analysis is most applicable, and effective, when the team of researchers works in conjunction with coaches, sport scientists, and athletes. Utilizing this framework, training can be adapted based on the objective and clinical assessment to reduce injury risk and improve performance in the gait assessment.
Prevalence of pathological arrhythmia in patients triaged to “cardiac arrhythmia” in the emergency department: a preliminary study
Authors: Novotny Julia , Klein Matthias Michael , Haum Magda , Fichtner Stephanie Raphaela , Thienel Manuela Bernadette
Published: September 2022

Background

Symptoms caused by cardiac arrhythmia are common problems that lead to presentation to the emergency department. However, the prevalence of pathological heart rhythm in patients triaged for cardiac arrhythmia in the emergency department remains up to now unknown.

Methods and results

In this retrospective study, patients triaged for cardiac arrhythmia admitted to the interdisciplinary emergency department of the Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital in Munich within 1 year were included. Subsequently, cardiac rhythm in the 12-lead electrocardiogram, clinical presentation, admission rate, and diagnosis at discharge was analyzed. A total of 558 out of 39,798 patients were triaged for cardiac arrhythmia. Of these 42.3% of patients showed a pathological heart rhythm on the initial electrocardiogram (66.9% atrial fibrillation, 16.5% atrial flutter, 16.5% others). About 80% presented in emergency severity index III (many resources are needed without critical vitals) conditions. Sixty-two percent of the pathological electrocardiogram group and 60% of the sinus rhythm group of patients were admitted to the hospital, and 34.7% with pathological electrocardiogram underwent invasive investigations (16.8% in the sinus rhythm group). In 43.4% of patients, the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia was already known from previous medical contacts.

Conclusion

A total of 1.8% of patients who presented to our interdisciplinary emergency department were triaged for cardiac arrhythmia. With 49.5%, the hospital admission rate was quite high but the patients presented to the emergency department in our cohort were rarely in critical condition. As a high percentage of our cohort had a history of cardiac arrhythmia, better outpatient management is needed for these patients to reduce emergency department visits and save resources.
Women in agriculture: pathways of pesticide exposure, potential health risks and vulnerability in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Atinkut Asmare Birtukan , Freyer Bernhard , Bingen Jim
Published: September 2022

Background

Pesticide exposure and its adverse impacts remain a major problem for women’s health, but a comprehensive scientific literature and summaries are still missing. With a specific focus in sub-Saharan Africa, this paper provides an overview of the scientific literature on how women deal with and are exposed to pesticides and the specific circumstances that might affect their health. We identified previously published studies from Google Scholar, Pubmed, and other electronic libraries.

Main body

In addition to huge burden in the household, there is considerable evidence that women’s role in smallholder as well as commercial farming has become more visible and intense in sub-Saharan Africa. However, it is evident that women are a major risk group disproportionately exposed to and are affected by pesticides through multiple pathways. Closely linked to their biological characteristics, lifestyle and behavior, women experience acute-to-chronic diseases from pesticides. Women’s exposure to pesticides either during pregnancy or breastfeeding can pose a serious health risk for the fetus and the newborn babies.

Conclusion

Occupational as well as non-occupational exposure from pesticides seems to be grossly underestimated for women due to the perception that their work is not hazardous for their health and are not at risk of exposure. This is often the case why research on pesticide exposure and its adverse impacts for women’s health remains scarce in sub-Saharan Africa, where pesticides are often misused and poorly regulated. Therefore, further research that addresses women’s exposure to pesticides are strongly suggested.
Genome-wide detection of copy number variation in American mink using whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Davoudi Pourya , Do Duy Ngoc , Rathgeber Bruce , Colombo Stefanie M. , Sargolzaei Mehdi , Plastow Graham , Wang Zhiquan , Karimi Karim , Hu Guoyu , Valipour Shafagh , Miar Younes
Published: September 2022

Background

Copy number variations (CNVs) represent a major source of genetic diversity and contribute to the phenotypic variation of economically important traits in livestock species. In this study, we report the first genome-wide CNV analysis of American mink using whole-genome sequence data from 100 individuals. The analyses were performed by three complementary software programs including CNVpytor, DELLY and Manta.

Results

A total of 164,733 CNVs (144,517 deletions and 20,216 duplications) were identified representing 5378 CNV regions (CNVR) after merging overlapping CNVs, covering 47.3 Mb (1.9%) of the mink autosomal genome. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of 1391 genes that overlapped CNVR revealed potential role of CNVs in a wide range of biological, molecular and cellular functions, e.g., pathways related to growth (regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and cAMP signaling pathways), behavior (axon guidance, circadian entrainment, and glutamatergic synapse), lipid metabolism (phospholipid binding, sphingolipid metabolism and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes), and immune response (Wnt signaling, Fc receptor signaling, and GTPase regulator activity pathways). Furthermore, several CNVR-harbored genes associated with fur characteristics and development (MYO5A,RAB27B,FGF12,SLC7A11,EXOC2), and immune system processes (SWAP70,FYN,ORAI1,TRPM2, andFOXO3).

Conclusions

This study presents the first genome-wide CNV map of American mink. We identified 5378 CNVR in the mink genome and investigated genes that overlapped with CNVR. The results suggest potential links with mink behaviour as well as their possible impact on fur quality and immune response. Overall, the results provide new resources for mink genome analysis, serving as a guideline for future investigations in which genomic structural variations are present.
Genome-wide association analysis of 101 accessions dissects the genetic basis of shell thickness for genetic improvement in Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Wang Jiangtao , Ye Hang , Zhou Huijuan , Chen Pengpeng , Liu Hengzhao , Xi Ruimin , Wang Gang , Hou Na , Zhao Peng
Published: September 2022

Background

Understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms that drive phenotypic variations is essential for enhancing the efficacy of crop improvement. Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.), which is grown extensively worldwide, is an important economic tree fruit due to its horticultural, medicinal, and material value. The quality of the walnut fruit is related to the selection of traits such as thinner shells, larger filling rates, and better taste, which is very important for breeding in China. The complex quantitative fruit-related traits are influenced by a variety of physiological and environmental factors, which can vary widely between walnut genotypes.

Results

For this study, a set of 101 Persian walnut accessions were re-sequenced, which generated a total of 906.2 Gb of Illumina sequence data with an average read depth of 13.8× for each accession. We performed the genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 10.9 Mb of high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 10 agronomic traits to explore the underlying genetic basis of the walnut fruit. Several candidate genes are proposed to be involved in walnut characteristics, including JrPXC1, JrWAKL8, JrGAMYB, and JrFRK1. Specifically, the JrPXC1 gene was confirmed to participate in the regulation of secondary wall cellulose thickening in the walnut shell.

Conclusion

In addition to providing considerable available genetic resources for walnut trees, this study revealed the underlying genetic basis involved in important walnut agronomic traits, particularly shell thickness, as well as providing clues for the improvement of genetic breeding and domestication in other perennial economic crops.
Unexpected uterine body placenta accreta spectrum with placenta previa in a subsequent pregnancy after uterine artery embolization: a case report
Authors: Sugai Shunya , Yamawaki Kaoru , Haino Kazufumi , Nishijima Koji
Published: September 2022

Background

A subsequent pregnancy after uterine artery embolization (UAE) raises several concerns, one of which is placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). Placenta previa is the strongest risk factor for PAS, which is most likely to occur in the lower uterine segment. PAS without placenta previa (i.e., uterine body PAS) is considered relatively rare.

Case presentation

A 35-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, had undergone UAE for postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony after vaginal delivery in her previous pregnancy. She developed placenta previa during her subsequent pregnancy and was therefore evaluated for PAS in the lower uterine segment. On the basis of examination findings, we considered PAS to be unlikely. During cesarean section, we found that the placenta was not detached from the uterine body, and the patient was determined to have uterine body PAS. Ultimately, a hysterectomy was performed.

Conclusions

PAS can occur in a subsequent pregnancy after UAE. When a subsequent pregnancy after UAE is accompanied by placenta previa, it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion of uterine body PAS without being misled by the presence of placenta previa.
Gestational anemia and maternal antenatal and postpartum psychological distress in a prospective FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Kemppinen Lotta , Mattila Mirjami , Ekholm Eeva , Huolila Linda , Pelto Juho , Karlsson Hasse , Mäkikallio Kaarin , Karlsson Linnea
Published: September 2022

Background

Gestational anemia, most commonly caused by iron deficiency, may increase the risk of maternal anxiety and depression and have a potentially far-reaching impact on mother’s and newborn’s health. Several mechanisms, such as effects of iron deficiency on cerebral neurotransmitter metabolism, have been suggested. None of the earlier studies have assessed the association between gestational anemia and depression, anxiety and pregnancy-related anxiety simultaneously.

Methods

Women, participating in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study and attending maternity welfare clinics in Turku, whose hemoglobin (Hb) values during pregnancy were available were included in this study (n = 1273). The study group consisted of 301 women with Hb levels < 11.0 g/dL at any time during pregnancy, and 972 women with Hb ≥ 11.0 g/dL were included in the control group. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pregnancy-related anxiety were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL), and Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ) questionnaires at 14, 24, and 34 gestational weeks, and EPDS and SCL were also performed 3 and 6 months postpartum.

Results

Gestational anemia was not associated with an increased risk of depression either prenatally or postpartum when the analyses were adjusted for maternal age at birth, parity, smoking during pregnancy, maternal education, and gestational age. However, a weak connection was found between gestational anemia and prenatal anxiety in the early pregnancy. Furthermore, the analysis between women with Hb < 10.0 g/dL and those with Hb ≥ 10.0 g/dL showed an association between gestational anemia and anxiety in the late pregnancy, but otherwise no difference in psychological distress was found.

Conclusions

No evidence supporting the association between gestational anemia and antenatal or postpartum depression was found. However, a weak connection between gestational anemia and antenatal anxiety was observed. This finding needs further investigation to establish timing and investigate causality.
A collaborative approach to develop an intervention to strengthen health visitors’ role in prevention of excess weight gain in children
Authors: Ray Devashish , Sniehotta Falko , McColl Elaine , Ells Louisa , O’Neill Gill , McCabe Karen
Published: September 2022

Background

The high prevalence of childhood obesity is a concern for public health policy and practitioners, leading to a focus on early prevention. UK health visitors (HVs) are well-positioned to prevent excessive weight gain trends in pre-school children but experience barriers to implementing guideline recommended practices. This research engaged with HVs to design an intervention to strengthen their role in prevention of early childhood obesity.

Methods

We describe the processes we used to develop a behaviour change intervention and measures to test its feasibility. We conducted a systematic review to identify factors associated with implementation of practices recommended for prevention of early childhood obesity. We carried out interactive workshops with HVs who deliver health visiting services in County Durham, England. Workshop format was informed by the behaviour change wheel framework for developing theory-based interventions and incorporated systematic review evidence. As intended recipients of the intervention, HVs provided their views of what is important and acceptable in the local context. The findings of the workshops were combined in an iterative process to inform the four steps of the Implementation Intervention development framework that was adapted as a practical guide for the development process.

Results

Theoretical analysis of the workshop findings revealed HVs’ capabilities, opportunities and motivations related to prevention of excess weight in 0-2 year olds. Intervention strategies deemed most likely to support implementation (enablement, education, training, modelling, persuasion) were combined to design an interactive training intervention. Measures to test acceptability, feasibility, and fidelity of delivery of the proposed intervention were identified.

Conclusions

An interactive training intervention has been designed, informed by theory, evidence, and expert knowledge of HVs, in an area of health promotion that is currently evolving. This research addresses an important evidence-practice gap in prevention of childhood obesity. The use of a systematic approach to the development process, identification of intervention contents and their hypothesised mechanisms of action provides an opportunity for this research to contribute to the body of literature on designing of implementation interventions using a collaborative approach. Future research should be directed to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.
Difference in bypass for inpatient care and its determinants between rural and urban residents in China
Authors: Lu Shan , Li Yunxiao , Gao Hongxia , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2022

Background

Bypass for inpatient care is an event of excessive demand. Though primary care facilities provide inpatient care in China, local residents may choose more distant higher-level hospital for inpatient care services. Given the differences in accessibility of hospitals and socioeconomic development between urban and rural areas, this study aims to estimate the rate of bypass for inpatient care and explore the factors predictive of bypass among rural and urban residents in China.

Methods

The rates of bypass for inpatient care were estimated using data from 1352 hospitalized patients, obtained from the 2018 Sixth National Health Service Survey of Hubei, China. Bypass for inpatient care was identified if the patient was hospitalized in a hospital for a certain disease that should be treated at primary care facilities in accordance with government requirement. Anderson’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was used as a theoretical framework for determining the factors of bypass. Logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between bypass for inpatient care and predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics for urban and rural residents.

Results

The rate of bypass for inpatient care was 73.8%. This rate for inpatient care (91.3%) in cities is higher than that in rural areas (56.2%). Age were associated with bypass for both rural (OR, 0.982; 95% CI, 0.969–0.995) and urban (OR, 0.947; 95% CI, 0.919–0.976) patients. The patients whose closest healthcare facility was hospitals were more likely to have bypass behavior in rural (OR, 26.091; 95% CI, 7.867–86.537) and urban (OR, 8.323; 95% CI, 2.936–23.591) areas than those living closest to township/community health centers. Signing a family doctor was not helpful for retaining patients at primary care facility. Among rural patients, those with circulatory (OR, 2.378; 95% CI, 1.328–4.258), digestive (OR, 2.317; 95% CI, 1.280–4.192), or skin and bone (OR, 1.758; 95% CI, 1.088–2.840) system diseases were more likely to show bypass behavior than those with respiratory diseases.

Conclusions

Bypass for inpatient care is sizable, and urban residents have a higher bypass rate for inpatient care than rural residents in China. More actionable measures in strengthening and leading patients to primary care are needed. Gradual establishment of a referral system is recommended. Inpatient care for circulatory, digestive, or skin and bone system diseases may be prioritized to be improved at primary care facilities in rural China.
Detection and discovery of plant viruses in soybean by metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Elmore Manjula G. , Groves Carol L. , Hajimorad M. R. , Stewart Tracey P. , Gaskill Mikaela A. , Wise Kiersten A. , Sikora Edward , Kleczewski Nathan M. , Smith Damon L. , Mueller Daren S. , Whitham Steven A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Viruses negatively impact soybean production by causing diseases that affect yield and seed quality. Newly emerging or re-emerging viruses can also threaten soybean production because current control measures may not be effective against them. Furthermore, detection and characterization of new plant viruses requires major efforts when no sequence or antibody-based resources are available.

Methods

In this study, soybean fields were scouted for virus-like disease symptoms during the 2016–2019 growing seasons. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic soybean parts, cDNA libraries were prepared, and RNA sequencing was performed using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). A custom bioinformatic workflow was used to identify and assemble known and unknown virus genomes.

Results

Several viruses were identified in single or mixed infections. Full- or nearly full-length genomes were generated for tobacco streak virus (TSV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV), clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), and a novel virus named soybean ilarvirus 1 (SIlV1). Two distinct ClYVV isolates were recovered, and their biological properties were investigated inNicotiana benthamiana, broad bean, and soybean. In addition to infections by individual viruses, we also found that mixed viral infections in various combinations were quite common.

Conclusions

Taken together, the results of this study showed that HTS-based technology is a valuable diagnostic tool for the identification of several viruses in field-grown soybean and can provide rapid information about expected viruses as well as viruses that were previously not detected in soybean.
Immunohistochemical staining of LEF-1 is a useful marker for distinguishing WNT-activated medulloblastomas
Authors: Wang Depeng , Gong Jie , Zhang Hui , Liu Yulu , Sun Nannan , Hao Xiaomeng , Mu Kun
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To investigate lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF-1) protein expression in medulloblastomas (MBs) and its correlation with molecular grouping of MBs.

Methods

Expressions of LEF-1 and β-catenin were detected by immunohistochemistry, and molecular grouping was performed based on the NanoString and sequencing techniques for 30 MBs.

Results

By genetic defining, 3 MBs were WNT-activated, 11 were SHH-activated, 3 were in Group 3 and 13 in Group 4 respectively. Nuclear LEF-1 staining was found in 8 MBs using immunohistochemical method. Three out of 8 showed diffuse and strong nuclear LEF-1 staining which were proved to be WNT-activated genetically, while the other 5 MBs with focal staining were SHH-activated genetically. The expression of LEF-1 protein was significantly correlated with genetically defined WNT-activated MBs (P < 0.0001). We also found focal nuclear β-catenin expression ( less than 1% of tumor cells) in 5 MBs. LEF-1 positivity was significantly correlated nuclear β-catenin expression (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Immunohistochemical staining of LEF-1 can be used as a supplement for β-catenin to diagnosis WNT-activated Medulloblastomas, when β-catenin is difficult to recognize for its cytoplasm/membrane staining background. Diffuse nuclear staining of LEF-1 indicates WNT-activated MB.
Geomagnetic data from the GOCE satellite mission
Authors: Michaelis I. , Styp-Rekowski K. , Rauberg J. , Stolle C. , Korte M.
Published: September 2022

The Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) is part of ESA’s Earth Explorer Program. The satellite carries magnetometers that control the activity of magnetorquers for navigation of the satellite, but are not dedicated as science instruments. However, intrinsic steady states of the instruments can be corrected by alignment and calibration, and artificial perturbations, e.g. from currents, can be removed by their characterisation correlated to housekeeping data. The leftover field then shows the natural evolution and variability of the Earth’s magnetic field. This article describes the pre-processing of input data as well as calibration and characterisation steps performed on GOCE magnetic data, using a high-precision magnetic field model as reference. For geomagnetic quiet times, the standard deviation of the residual is below 13 nT with a median residual of (11.7, 9.6, 10.4) nT for the three magnetic field components (x, y, z). For validation of the calibration and characterisation performance, we selected a geomagnetic storm event in March 2013. GOCE magnetic field data show good agreement with results from a ground magnetic observation network. The GOCE mission overlaps with the dedicated magnetic field satellite mission CHAMP for a short time at the beginning of 2010, but does not overlap with the Swarm mission or any other mission flying at low altitude and carrying high-precision magnetometers. We expect calibrated GOCE magnetic field data to be useful for lithospheric modelling and filling the gap between the dedicated geomagnetic missions CHAMP and Swarm.

Graphic Abstract
Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes: population-based cohort study
Authors: Bansal Narinder , Hudda Mohammed , Payne Rupert A. , Smith Daniel J. , Kessler David , Wiles Nicola
Published: September 2022

Background

Antidepressants are one of the most widely prescribed drugs in the global north. However, little is known about the health consequences of long-term treatment.

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the association between antidepressant use and adverse events.

Method

The study cohort consisted of UK Biobank participants whose data was linked to primary care records (N = 222 121). We assessed the association between antidepressant use by drug class (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and ‘other’) and four morbidity (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CV)) and two mortality (cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause) outcomes, using Cox's proportional hazards model at 5- and 10-year follow-up.

Results

SSRI treatment was associated with decreased risk of diabetes at 5 years (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.49–0.83) and 10 years (hazard ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.87), and hypertension at 10 years (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.89). At 10-year follow-up, SSRI treatment was associated with increased risks of CV (hazard ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.02–1.77), CVD mortality (hazard ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.38–2.53) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.73, 95% CI 1.48–2.03), and ‘other’ class treatment was associated with increased risk of CHD (hazard ratio 1.99, 95% CI 1.31–3.01), CVD (hazard ratio 1.86, 95% CI 1.10–3.15) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.20, 95% CI 1.71–2.84).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate an association between long-term antidepressant usage and elevated risks of CHD, CVD mortality and all-cause mortality. Further research is needed to assess whether the observed associations are causal, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Polychaete diversity in Tunisian waters as of 2021: an update with special emphasis on Non-Indigenous species
Authors: AYARI-KLITI RAKIA , BAKALEM ALI , FERSI ABIR , AFLI AHMED , DAUVIN JEAN-CLAUDE
Published: September 2022

The last inventory of Tunisian polychaetes diversity by Ayari et al. (2009) is updated. New records were acquired from the literature and from the current study concerning species collected in the tidal channels of the Gulf of Gabès (2016-2017) and the re-examination of some species deposited in the collection of the Tunisian National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies. This inventory, reviewing the taxonomy, nomenclature, and biogeographic distribution of the Tunisian polychaetes, includes 390 species belonging to 52 families, among which the Serpulidae (41 species) and Syllidae (36 species) are the most diverse. In total, 37 species previously reported are currently removed from the Tunisian polychaetes list. An additional 121 new species are added, including 23 species collected in the tidal channels and 6 species in the reference collection previously misidentified as their congeners. Morphological differences between the latter are briefly discussed and figured. Among these species, Laonice bahusiensis, Laonice norgensis, and Scolelepis neglecta are extending their Mediterranean distribution, while Sternaspis thalassemoides and Caulleriella mediterranea are probably reported for the first time after their original description. In addition, this current inventory allows us to discuss the establishment status of 17 Non-Indigenous polychaete species (14 established, 1 casual, and 2 cryptogenic) found in Tunisian waters.
First record of the Lessepsian Sammara Squirrelfish, Neoniphon sammara (Forsskål, 1775), in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters
Authors: MEHANNA SAHAR F. , OSMAN YASSEIN A.A.
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses the first record of the sammara squirrelfish, Neoniphon sammara in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. On April 2020, 17 specimens of this species were recorded in the miscellaneous catch at the Mersa Matruh landing site on the Mediterranean Sea (31.33333° Ν, 27.216665° E), Egypt. The collected specimens represent the first record of N. sammara in the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. These specimens have a total length of 15.3 to 21.5 cm, fork length of 13.3 to 18.7 cm, standard length of 12.4 to 17.2 cm, and total weight of 45.3 to 125.1 g. The specimens’ morphometric measurements and meristic counts are described. These new findings increase the number of Lessepsian species from the Egyptian Mediterranean waters to 44 species.
The use of consultation on Incontinence Questioner – Nocturia (ICIQ-N) in Indonesian population: an affirmation study
Authors: Adityagama Miftah , Rahardjo Harrina Erlianti
Published: September 2022

Background: Nocturia is a urological condition in which individuals urinate more frequently than usual at night and it affects both genders. The clinician frequently uses questionnaires to diagnose nocturia however, some validated questions were in English. This study evaluated the validity of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Nocturia (ICIQ-N) in Indonesian patients.

Methods: Two certified bilinguals (English-Indonesian) translated the ICIQ-N questionnaire from English to Indonesian. The reverse translation was done by two certified bilingual (Indonesian-English) translators, and the writers reviewed all of the translations leading to the final Indonesian translation. Instead of a linguistic translation, this technique ensured a thorough and unambiguous intellectual translation. The translated ICIQ-N was presented twice to the subjects, two weeks apart, to verify the questionnaire. The responses' validity and reliability were then investigated. Pearson and Cronbach’s alpha analysis were used to determine validity and reliability.

Results: The r-Pearson correlation values ranged from 0.933 to 1 (p:0.001). The translated ICIQ-N questioner items were found to be reliable with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.994 (>0.6).

Conclusions: The ICIQ-N Indonesian version generated for this study is valid and reliable. As a result, it may be utilized as a diagnostic tool in Indonesian population.
Acute effects of cigarette smoke on Endothelial Nitric Oxide synthase, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and aortic intima media thickness
Authors: Ardiana Meity , Santoso Anwar , Hermawan Hanestya Oky , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian , Pikir Budi Susetyo , Suryawan I. Gde Rurus
Published: September 2022

Background. Cigarette smoking could induce endothelial dysfunction and the increase of circulating markers of inflammation by activation of monocytes. This can lead to increased intima media thickness (IMT) of entire blood vessels and result in acceleration of the atherosclerosis process. However, to our knowledge, little is known about the role of cigarette smoking in this atherosclerotic inflammatory process.

The aim of this study is to explore the link between cigarette smoking and its effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1).

Methods. An experimental study with a post-test only controlled group design was used. We used 18 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) randomly subdivided into two groups: group K (-) were not exposed to tobacco smoke, whereas group K (+) were exposed to smoke equivalent of more than 40 cigarettes for 28 days daily. After 28 days, samples were analyzed for e-NOS, VCAM-1 and aortic IMT.

Results. Our results indicate that tobacco smoke can enhance the expression of VCAM-1 on rat cardiac vascular endothelial cells, resulting in a decreased expression of e-NOS level and increase of aortic IMT. Linear regression model found that eNOS level negatively correlated wiith aortic IMT (r2 = 0.584, β = -0.764, p < 0.001), whereas VCAM-1 expression did not correlate with aortic IMT (r2 = 0.197, p = 0.065).

Conclusion. Low e-NOS level and high VCAM-1 level observed  after cigarette smoke exposure which may increase aortic IMT.
INVESTIGATION ON SHOCK-INDUCED REACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF TI/PTFE ENERGETIC MATERIAL
Authors: ZHANG ZHENWEI , WANG CHUANTING , HE YONG , HE YUAN , GUO LEI , MA YUE , MENG YUANPEI
Published: September 2022

In recent years, titanium/fluoropolymer composites have become a new type of energetic structural material, which can release energy under high-speed impact. In this study ， Ti/PTFE energetic material was fabricated: mixing by ball milling, molding under 20MPa pressure, sintering at high temperature, and analyzing the micro-morphology of Ti/PTFE energetic material under SEM. And through SHPB impact compression test, the mechanical properties of Ti/PTFE energetic materials under a high strain rate (1*103- 3*103) at room temperature was analyzed. Furthermore, the impact-induced reactivity of Ti/PTFE energetic materials was investigated through a quasi-sealed chamber test. It shows that the exothermic chemical reaction is more intense with the increase of impact velocity.
SERIAL NUMBER RECOVERY TECHNIQUES ON STEEL PLATES; FRY’S REAGENT AND EDDY CURRENT TECHNOLOGY
Authors: HENWOOD BAILEY , HAZAEL RACHAEL , HEWINS KATHERINE
Published: September 2022

The recovery of obliterated serial numbers is a common process involved in the forensic analysis of firearms confiscated in criminal cases. The current standard method of recovery involves the use of chemical reagents which are highly destructive to the material. The destructive process does not allow subsequent analysis, nor does the test always recover the serial number completely. A new technology that utilizes eddy currents and magnetic fields to recover serial numbers without the use of chemicals has been proposed to allow for an almost non-destructive recovery. This research has shown that the use of eddy currents and magnetic fields is a promising technique for obliterated serial number recovery and that further research may indicate it is a suitable replacement for the currently used Fry’s Reagent.
¡Subestimadas y letales! Así son las infecciones invasivas por hongos
Authors: Firacative Carolina , Serrano Gil Ximena
Published: September 2022

En el reino de estos gérmenes existen alrededor de seis millones de especies, pero tres en particular afectan la salud humana al punto de convertirse en una amenaza para la salud pública y un duro desafío para tratamientos que salvarían vidas.
The Role of Perceived Servant Leadership in Schools in Predicting Loyalty to Supervisor
Authors: Demir Selçuk
Published: September 2022

Focusing on servant leadership and its outcomes are considered fairly essential in terms of its contribution to the literature. This study seeks to determine the relationships between the servant leadership of school principals and the loyalty of teachers to their principals and the constructs of loyalty to supervisors. Secondary school teachers working in Diyarbakır constitute the population of the study. 26 secondary schools were randomly selected from Diyarbakır province and the scales were applied to the teachers working in these schools. The sample consists of 202 teachers. The data were obtained with servant leadership and loyalty to supervisor scales. Validity and reliability analyzes were performed on the scales to determine whether the scales were valid and reliable or not. While analysing the data, descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyzes were used, respectively. It was found that the variables examined in the study had a positive and significant relationship. Regression analysis findings revealed that servant leadership predicted loyalty to supervisors and the constructs of loyalty to supervisors (dedication, extra effort, attachment, identification, and internalization) in a statistically significant way. School principals wishing to establish a sense of loyalty in schools are recommended to be aware of the positive role of servant leadership on psychological mechanisms and to have speeches and actions compatible with this type of leadership.
Surgical site infections: a scoping review on current intraoperative prevention measures
Authors: Bath MF , Davies J , Suresh R , Machesney MR
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant cause of morbidity for surgical patients worldwide and with growing rates of antibiotic resistance, the development of new nonantimicrobial techniques to target SSI reduction is crucial. This review aimed to explore available nonantibiotic intraoperative interventions to reduce the risk of SSI.

Methods

A literature search was undertaken using Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Any study published from 1 January 1980 to 1 September 2021 that described any nonantibiotic intraoperative physical technique aiming to reduce SSI rates, with a primary or secondary outcome of SSI rates, was included.

Findings

A total of 45 articles were included in the final scoping review. The current nonantibiotic intraoperative interventions advised for use include chlorhexidine skin preparation with alcohol, pressurised wound irrigation, Triclosan-coated sutures for skin closure, and negative pressure wound therapy. Many other widely used surgical practices do not have the supporting evidence to validate their routine use in clinical practice to reduce SSI rates.

Conclusions

We identified several techniques that can be used in the operating theatre to provide additional opportunities to reduce SSI rates. However, strict adherence to current established SSI prevention guidelines remains the mainstay of ensuring SSI rates remain low.
We are talking about pensions: who would have believed it?
Authors: Mortensen Neil
Published: September 2022

Our President discusses the impact that the NHS pension crisis is having on the workforce and on the future generations.
Workforce planning: a trainee’s perspective
Authors: Lewis S , Laloo R
Published: September 2022

What changes implemented at a local, regional and national level are required to improve trainee working conditions?