bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Healthcare: Impact of Asynchronous Telemedicine Adoption on Patient Flow
Authors: Tushe Sokol , KC Diwas Singh , Ding Hao , Yeung Howa
Published: October 2024

Problem definition: This paper studies a multichannel healthcare system where physicians diagnose patients and prescribe treatment in-person or through asynchronous telemedicine (AT), a widely adopted yet relatively under-explored form of telemedicine. In collaboration with physicians at the Veterans Healthcare Administration (VHA), we examine the impact of introducing an AT channel on the existing in-person channel and on overall system performance. Methodology/results: VHA implemented AT at select clinics in the state of Georgia in 2012. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that the introduction of the AT channel led to a sorting process whereby more complex patients were seen in the in-person channel. AT implementation led to a 20% increase in recommended visit time and an 8.5% increase in required clinical resources for in-person consultations. In addition, the adoption of AT resulted in higher throughput—more patients seen by the specialists per month across both channels. Using a fixed-effects model we find a reduction in average wait time for in-person referrals (37.5%), and for the most common medically necessary procedure (43%) despite an increase in the total number of consultations at the specialist clinic. We attribute the improved efficiency to early patient triage, better match between patient needs and treatment modality, and reduction of setup and switching costs in physicians’ workflow. Managerial implications: This paper contributes to our understanding of a rapidly expanding form of healthcare delivery: multichannel healthcare with in-person and AT channels. Our results suggest that healthcare managers and physicians can adopt AT to improve overall system efficiency. At the same time, they should take into account the additional impact of AT on the in-person channel when making capacity decisions and developing guidance on patient referrals.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0235 .
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NO JUDICIÁRIO
Authors: Nunes Pecego Daniel , Lobato Collet Janny Teixeira Raphael
Published: October 2024

A adoção da Inteligência Artificial (IA) pelo setor público é recente, mas tem sido expandida pelo incremento do poder computacional e pela busca de redução de custos, dentre outros fatores. No Brasil, os órgãos do Judiciário são os que mais adotam a tecnologia em diversas aplicações de IA. Dado o grande número de processos, as ferramentas de IA são tidas como relevantes para que o Judiciário funcione de modo célere e eficaz. Apesar disso, surgem questões éticas relativas à adoção da IA em decisões judiciais, tais como as derivadas de vieses algoritmos e injustiças, o uso indevido de dados pessoais, além da adoção de algoritmos opacos de IA, em que não é possível alcançar explicabilidade de uma decisão. Este artigo identifica as possíveis causas da opacidade em algoritmos de IA utilizados em decisões judiciais, apresentando os fundamentos constitucionais, legais e regulatórios que determinam a necessidade de explicabilidade da IA no Judiciário e propondo metodologias para alcançar explicabilidade em algoritmos opacos, apontando os desafios atuais para a implementação dessas metodologias. Apresentam-se definições de IA e de opacidade algorítmica, suas possíveis causas, bem como problemas identificados no processo de tomada de decisão judicial. Propõe-se um conceito de IA explicável e analisada a exigência legal e normativa de explicabilidade nas decisões judiciais no contexto jurídico brasileiro. São detalhados alguns métodos e ferramentas atuais que visam tornar os sistemas de IA mais transparentes e compreensíveis. São destacados os principais desafios, com indicações sobre os próximos passos para se obter uma maior explicabilidade nas decisões judiciais com uso de IA. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa foi bibliográfica, utilizando-se de fontes doutrinárias, legais e jurisprudenciais, priorizando-se publicações especializadas sobre a matéria.
Vasodilatory shock: a review of pathophysiology and vasopressor therapy
Authors: Rheingold Curtis G , Silverstein Deborah C
Published: October 2024

Vasodilatory shock is characterised by a global loss of vasomotor tone, leading to maldistribution of blood volume, low systemic arterial pressure and hypoperfusion. This syndrome can be caused by sepsis, anaphylaxis and a wide range of other aetiologies. This review article explores the pathophysiology of vasodilatory shock, including well-understood mechanisms and emerging avenues of future investigation. Options for vasopressor therapy are reviewed, including evidence from preclinical canine models, small animal clinical research, large human clinical trials and the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Recommendations for rational vasopressor choice are extrapolated from this evidence. Future directions include the development of novel vasoactive agents, clinical data comparing the safety and effectiveness of vasopressors in small animals and the development of a veterinary-specific consensus statement guiding best practices for the treatment of vasodilatory shock.
Ring-Enhancing Lesions—Differentiation with MRI
Authors: Peker Elif , Ünal Sena , Uludağ Sena Bozer , Zorlu Nil Sezer Yılmazer
Published: October 2024

Lesions with central hypointensity and peripheral contrast enhancement are defined as ring-enhancing lesions. The aetiologies of ring-enhancing lesions may be various, including infections, tumours, demyelinating diseases, treatment-related conditions and hematoma. The imaging findings and their distinguishing features also vary among different ring-enhancing lesions. This review examines the magnetic resonance imaging findings of different ring-enhancing lesions and their distinguishing features.
Discrimination Model Construction for Non-Lactational Mastitis and Breast Cancer Based on Imaging Features
Authors: Peng Jinjuan , Zhao Meng , Wang Shui
Published: October 2024

Aims/Background The clinical presentation of non-lactational mastitis (NLM) shares similarities with some symptoms and examination results of breast cancer (BC), which can lead to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. Current studies on breast lesions mostly focus on the diagnostic performance of a single imaging technique. This study aims to construct a discrimination diagnostic model for NLM and BC based on such imaging features as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to validate the application value of the model, assisting clinicians in improving disease diagnosis and refining medical decisions.

Methods This study is a retrospective analysis. Clinical data of 108 patients suspected of NLM based on imaging diagnosis, admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University between May 2018 and August 2023, were collected. Among them, 94 cases were pathologically confirmed as NLM and 14 cases as BC. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the patients’ clinical data, ultrasound features, and MRI features to select the risk factors for discriminating NLM and BC, and construct a discrimination model. The discrimination performance of the model was analyzed with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curve.

Results In the NLM group, there were 24 cases of granulomatous lobular mastitis (25.53%) and 70 cases of plasma cell mastitis (74.47%). In the BC group, there were 2 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 2 cases of atypical hyperplasia, 3 cases of papillary carcinoma, and 7 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ. Age, internal blood flow, calcification, edge, enhancement characteristics, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and time-intensity curve (TIC) type were independent factors for differentiating NLM and BC (p < 0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of the model for discriminating NLM and BC was 0.920. The DCA results showed that the model had high net benefits for discriminating NLM and BC. The calibration curve analysis showed that the model had good consistency with the actual diagnosis of NLM and BC, with a chi-square value of 4.545 and a p-value of 0.155 according to the Hosmer–Lemeshow test.

Conclusion Age, internal blood flow, calcification, edge, enhancement characteristics, ADC, and TIC curve types are important factors in distinguishing NLM and BC, and the model based on the above characteristics to distinguish NLM and BC has a high net benefit in distinguishing the two.
Practical surgical tips on performing upper blepharoplasty
Authors: Au Sunny Chi Lik
Published: October 2024

Upper lid blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure that requires meticulous planning and execution. It is not a standalone procedure but can be combined with ptosis correction surgery. Prior to surgery, thorough lid examinations are essential to determine the appropriate approaches. Skin markings for incision sites should be drawn before anesthesia injection to avoid distortion of lid wrinkles and creases. The design of the lid crease is crucial, with a nasal tapered crease serving as a guide for subsequent parallel crease drawings. Incisions should be made with care to avoid excessive bleeding, particularly from the orbicularis muscles. It is important to control bleeding promptly to prevent secondary ptosis during the early post-operative period. When releasing the orbital septum, care should be taken to avoid injury to surrounding structures, particularly the trochlea nasally and the lacrimal gland laterally. Moist cotton tip applicators can be used to safely separate fat from the underlying aponeurosis.
Secondary organizing pneumonia after infection
Authors: Limkul Lertluksana , Tovichien Prakarn
Published: October 2024

This editorial explores the clinical implications of organizing pneumonia (OP) secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, as presented in a recent case report. OP is a rare condition characterized by inflammation in the alveoli, which spreads to alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles, usually after lung injuries caused by infections or other factors. OP is classified into cryptogenic (idiopathic) and secondary forms, the latter arising after infections, connective tissue diseases, tumors, or treatments like drugs and radiotherapy. Secondary OP may be triggered by infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, mycobacteria, or parasites. Key diagnostic features include subacute onset of nonspecific respiratory symptoms such as dry cough, chest pain, and exertional dyspnea. Imaging with computed tomography scans typically reveals three patterns: (1) Bilateral subpleural consolidation; (2) Nodular consolidation; and (3) A reticular pattern. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage helps exclude other causes. Standard treatment consists of corticosteroid therapy tapered over 6 months to 12 months. This editorial highlights clinical and diagnostic strategies to ensure timely and effective patient care.
Calibrating a Heat Transfer Model for Baled Switchgrass Using Heat Generation
Authors: Schiavone Drew F. , Montross Michael
Published: October 2024

Highlights

Heat and mass transfer in baled switchgrass was modeled based on thermal conductivity and internal heat generation.

Model calibration was performed through a 60-day storage evaluation of baled switchgrass in an environmental chamber.

Empirical models of heat generation and DML were developed based on thermal conductivity and aerobic respiration.

Model validation was performed based on an energy balance and the aerobic respiration rate of switchgrass.

Abstract. This study characterizes heat transfer within baled switchgrass through the development of a two-dimensional heat conduction model and an exponential drying approach to predict moisture content. The model was simulated using the finite difference method while accounting for the effect of internal heat generation to improve prediction accuracy. Model calibration was performed using rectangular bales of switchgrass (102 x 46 x 36 cm) stored in a controlled environmental chamber for 60 days at a fixed temperature and relative humidity. The heat and mass transfer model was implemented as an inverse model to empirically estimate heat generation and dry matter loss (DML). Internal heat generation and dry matter losses were also assessed using previously published models describing the aerobic respiration rate of switchgrass. Both heat generation models were in close agreement at a nominal moisture content of 10% w.b. (R2 = 0.9542) but deviated at nominal moisture contents of 20% to 40% w.b. (R2 < 0.7543). DML simulated using the numerical model closely agreed with the DML measured in the storage evaluation (R2 > 0.9060), indicating sufficient DML estimates through the conduction model and exponential drying approach. DML simulated through the published aerobic respiration model deviated to a greater extent, particularly at the highest moisture treatment (R2 = 0.4340), indicating an insufficient consideration of the various biochemical processes occurring at elevated levels of moisture and density. The results of this study provide a framework for the development of post-harvest quality models to optimize the storage, drying, and bioconversion of baled biomass feedstocks. Keywords: Bales, Heat and mass transfer, Heat transfer model, Storage losses, Switchgrass.
biblioteques penitenciàries a Catalunya (2020-2022)
Authors: Castell Padilla Laia , Bosch Montse , Gallinad Maria José , Ganduxé Lluís , Sanuy Marta
Published: October 2024

Es presenta una visió general de les biblioteques de presó a Catalunya durant el bienni 2020-2022. En ser el primer article que es publica a l’Anuari, es mostra el funcionament general dels centres penitenciaris, que afecta l’organització de les biblioteques, i el context històric i legislatiu, que permetentendre com s’ha arribat a la situació actual; en concret, el punt d’inflexió amb la pandèmia de la covid, quan es va fer un salt qualitatiu en la gestió bibliotecària. Es detallen els aspectes més remarcables de la situació actual i les accions fetes durant el període esmentat. També es mencionen els articles de més rellevància sobre biblioteques penitenciàries. Finalment, s’apunta la direcció que hauria de seguir el servei bibliotecari de presons per cobrir les necessitats actuals.
Militarismo, actitudes autoritarias y desempeño institucional en América Latina:
Authors: Soares Duarte de Moura Rafael , Ferreira da Silva Geélison , Cortezzi Guimarães Pedras Diego Maradona
Published: October 2024

El propósito del estudio es explicar el apoyo a la participación militar en el control del crimen en América Latina. La hipótesis es que el militarismo se explica por aspectos actitudinales e institucionales. En cuanto a las actitudes políticas, se observan actitudes autoritarias, como el apoyo a golpes de estado en situaciones críticas como alta criminalidad, desempleo y corrupción. En cuanto al desempeño institucional, se observa victimización por delincuencia, satisfacción con la democracia y la policía. Se espera que cuando las instituciones son ineficaces para controlar el crimen y garantizar la seguridad, la asociación entre actitudes políticas autoritarias y militarismo es mayor. La mejor base de datos para probar el efecto de los dos conjuntos de indicadores, actitudinales e institucionales, sobre la variable dependiente es el Proyecto de Opinión Pública de América Latina (LAPOP, 2014). Las pruebas se realizan mediante regresión logística. Los resultados confirman que existe una fuerte asociación entre variables de carácter actitudinal, especialmente aquellas que apoyan golpes militares en situaciones críticas, con el militarismo. Las variables relacionadas con el desempeño institucional también tienen efectos estadísticamente significativos sobre el militarismo. Esto muestra la importancia de los análisis multidimensionales e integrados entre las dos perspectivas para explicar el comportamiento político. El artículo también sitúa a la seguridad pública como un punto de atención para la democracia latinoamericana ya que, de manera controvertida, la percepción de que el gobierno garantiza la seguridad, que la delincuencia ha disminuido y la confianza en las fuerzas armadas aumenta las posibilidades del militarismo.
Gobernanza, cumplimiento normativo e investigación biomédica clínica: el caso de los comités de ética de la investigación de la comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Ramiro Avilés Miguel Angel
Published: October 2024

La gobernanza y el cumplimiento normativo son imprescindibles para proteger los derechos de las personas que participan en la investigación biomédica clínica. Los comités de ética de la investigación, como uno de los actores claves en la gobernanza, son responsables de cumplir y hacer cumplir las normas jurídicas vigentes que regulan la investigación biomédica clínica. Esto supone que los comités de ética de la investigación deban estar pendientes de las actualizaciones legislativas con el fin de adaptar los protocolos normalizados de trabajo. Los comités de ética de la investigación de la Comunidad de Madrid no han adaptado sus protocolos a lo dispuesto en la Ley 8/2021 y en la Ley 6/2022, lo que puede afectar a los derechos de las personas con discapacidad que participan en los estudios clínicos y ensayos clínicos, lo cual refleja la situación de dominación y opresión en que les coloca la sociedad.
Gestación por sustitución y movilidad de biomateriales y seres humanos
Authors: Igareda Noelia
Published: October 2024

La movilidad de biomateriales humanos en España está prohibida para ser utilizados para la gestación por sustitución. La gestación por sustitución igualmente no está admitida en el ordenamiento jurídico español. A pesar de ambas prohibiciones, numerosas personas viajan al extranjero a países donde la gestación por sustitución es legal para tener un bebé mediante esta técnica. Igualmente, es imposible verificar si no se producen traslados de biomateriales humanos a otros países para ser utilizados en procesos de gestación por sustitución. Este caso ilustra perfectamente el doble parámetro ético y legal que el ordenamiento jurídico español tiene frente a la medicina reproductiva en general y frente a la movilidad de biomateriales humanos.
Bioética y psicología: un estudio empírico sobre los principales frentes de investigación de la corriente principal (2010-2019)
Authors: Bogetti Celeste , Liberatore Gustavo
Published: October 2024

En este artículo se investigan las publicaciones sobre bioética en revistas de corriente principal de Psicología para esbozar su estructuración dentro del área. La bioética es multidisciplinaria, lo cual se ve reflejado en los aportes de distintos campos del conocimiento. Se trabajó sobre un corpus documental de 76 artículos científicos publicados en revistas de corriente principal del área temática de Psicología entre 2010-2019. El número de trabajos quedó conformado a partir de los resultados obtenidos en una búsqueda en Web of Science Core Collection. La principal técnica utilizada en esta investigación fue el análisis de co-ocurrencia de términos que permite constituir redes semánticas a partir de los vínculos que las estructuran y su visualización por medio del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS). Esto permitió la producción de grafos que evidenciaran los agrupamientos de conceptos en torno a los cuales fue abordada la bioética en la producción descripta. Los clústeres definidos por estás técnicas de análisis quedaron conformados por los siguientes grupos temáticos: Cuestiones de salud referidas a la comunidad LGBT; Ética clínica; Justicia social; Consentimiento informado; Biopolítica; Corrientes de psicología y filosofía de la moral. Los resultados dan cuenta de una posible conformación del campo semántico de la bioética dentro de la psicología con una serie de temáticas que exceden el recorte principialista y metódico propio del modelo anglosajón, dando lugar a la inclusión de temáticas sociales y de cuestiones asociadas a problemáticas acuciantes de esta época y contexto, como son las vinculadas a identidad de género y orientación sexual.
Two-mode averaging for turbulence resilience
Authors: Drozdov Alice V. , Cox Mitchell A.
Published: October 2024

Atmospheric turbulence typically impairs free-space optical communication systems, particularly those using mode-division multiplexing, by causing detrimental crosstalk among higher-order modes. This interaction can also be harnessed through mode averaging at the receiver and transmitter to passively counteract turbulence effects. Mode averaging involves the simultaneous transmission and detection of multiple, strategically selected modes. Prior research on mode averaging—often referred to as modal diversity—primarily selected modes by using the spread of crosstalk among modes. In this study, we show that it is crucial to include the impact of mode-dependent loss. This is demonstrated by identifying optimal two-mode combinations that maximize received power while efficiently utilizing mode space. The optimal combinations assessed include pairs of orbital angular momentum (OAM), Laguerre-Gaussian (LG), and Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes, as well as mixed pairs of LG and HG modes. Interestingly, it is shown that the optimal combinations are not always the neighboring modes.
Innovative active terahertz modulator based on dynamic graphene-silicon arrays
Authors: Mao Qi , Liu Jingbo , Zhang Buyang , Yan Ling , Zeng Letian , Zou Yunhuai , Li Jingzhao , Li Youpeng , Luo Zijiang , Huang Zhaowen , Xiao Wenping
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an innovative active terahertz (THz) modulator that utilizes dynamic graphene-silicon arrays (DGSAs) to overcome the challenges of dynamically manipulating THz waves. The DGSA combines the exceptional electrical properties of graphene with the enhanced optical absorption capabilities of silicon arrays, enabling dual-mode active control through optical pumping and electrical biasing. An 808 nm laser is used to photoexcite carriers in the silicon arrays for optical pumping while a bias voltage modulates the Fermi level of graphene, subsequently varying Si conductivity and influencing the transmission properties of THz waves. Simulations have demonstrated modulation depths of up to 94% at 2.5 THz in the transmission mode and 89% at 1 THz in the reflection mode. Furthermore, this study delves into a theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, exploring the modulation mechanisms, including the role of graphene’s Drude model and PN junction effects. These insights provide a robust theoretical framework for understanding the DGSA’s operation and lay a solid foundation for the design and optimization of high-performance THz modulation devices.
Simultaneous bi-directional all-optical multipoint-to-multipoint switching for free-space optical communication networks
Authors: Xu Weimin , Ming Chengze , Xie Ke , Li Tianyan , Yao Haifeng , Liu Zhi , Dong Keyan , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin , Gao Shiming
Published: October 2024

A new, to our knowledge, simultaneous bi-directional all-optical multipoint-to-multipoint switching scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for free-space optical (FSO) communication networks. Through tuning the optical switch at the core node, the communication link between each two arbitrary remote nodes can be established. The multipoint transmission performance is tested in a turbulence-tunable atmospheric cell using a 6.25 Gbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal. At the bit error rate (BER) of 1×10−3, the power penalty is <3.5dB with a 250°C temperature difference of the atmospheric cell. Moreover, this scheme is compatible with all-optical wavelength conversion, which can achieve strict transparency for different modulation formats. Our proposed scheme offers the possibility to provide an efficient, low-cost, and high-speed method for simultaneous bi-directional all-optical multipoint-to-multipoint FSO communications.
Optical frequency synthesizer for wide-range frequency scan and its application to high-resolution molecular spectroscopy
Authors: Misono Masatoshi , Kasahara Shunji , Nishiyama Akiko , Baba Masaaki
Published: October 2024

In high-resolution molecular spectroscopy, detailed structures and dynamics appear as frequency shifts, line broadening, intensity anomalies, and Zeeman effects. To observe these minute effects, the relative uncertainty of the frequencies should be less than 10−9. However, to comprehensively analyze the rovibronic energy-level structure and dynamics in a single vibronic excited state, the spectrum over the entire single vibronic band, which extends to hundreds of GHz, must be measured. We developed an optical frequency synthesizer (OFS) employing a scanning single-mode Ti:Sapphire laser and an Er comb to satisfy these contradictory demands. The continuous scanning range was not limited in the developed OFS, and wide-range spectra extending across the entire scanning range of the single-mode laser in the OFS were obtained. For a detailed examination of the developed OFS, we measured the D2 transition of Rb atoms. Although continuous scanning generally has an adverse effect on precise frequency determination, the obtained transition frequencies agreed with those obtained in previous studies, where laser frequencies were locked to a specific transition for a long time. To demonstrate the power of the developed OFS in molecular spectroscopy, the rovibronic spectrum of 1,2-benzanthracene was observed over a single band. We successfully obtained spectra in which the rotational lines were well-resolved.
Optimization of InP-based traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulator design using artificial neural network and heuristic algorithms
Authors: Yao Ruoyun , Pan Weiwei , Cheng Yu , Ji Chen
Published: October 2024

In this study, we report an innovative multi-parameter artificial neural network (ANN) based optimization approach for designing InP-based capacitive loading traveling wave Mach-Zehnder modulators (CL-MZMs). Our ANN-based heuristic algorithm optimization method surpasses traditional manual optical device design in efficiently searching for the optimal solution, based on user-defined figure of merit (FOM) in a large multi-parameter design space, while also providing statistical data-based insight into the underlying complex device physics involved. We achieved an optimized 1 mm InP MZM design, with an anticipated 112 GHz 3-dB electro-optic bandwidth and 5.8 V half-wave voltage, making it a promising candidate for next-generation data center high-speed optical link applications at 400 Gb/s and beyond.
Using multi-plane light conversion for 2D, direct laser interference patterning
Authors: Hammouti Sabrina , Nuzhdin Dmitry , Gusachenko Ivan , Pallier Gwenn , Labroille Guillaume , Sikora Aurélien , Faucon Marc , Mincuzzi Girolamo
Published: October 2024

We introduced and tested what we believe to be a novel approach for surface texturing via direct laser interference patterning (DLIP). This new setup integrates a module implementing multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) technology. The module has been specifically engineered to directly generates a matrix of 2 × 2 identical sub-beams from a single incoming beam. Differently from a conventional DLIP set-up, no diffractive element or multi-facets prism has been used, with the critical advantage to prevent misalignment issues, temporal overlap mismatch and phase front aberrations. Utilizing a 350-fs laser, we achieved a 2D interference pattern with a contrast as high as 85%. The system incorporates a pulse-on-demand (POD) feature and a fast galvo scanner, enabling the generation on the fly of high aspect ratio, regular structures at scan speeds as high as 10 m/s. Moreover, we explored the potential of integrating this setup into a roll-to-roll pilot line, which allows for the continuous texturing of large surfaces. This integration is crucial to adopt the technology for industrial applications, as it facilitates high-throughput processing over large areas. We believe our results not only prove the feasibility and the advantages of using DLIP with MPLC for precise and high-contrast surface texturing but also point-out its utility for industrial-scale applications, paving the way for more efficient and scalable production processes in material surface engineering.
In situ, prepulse insensitive, and comparatively accurate intensity measurement of ultra-strong lasers based on stochastic radiation reactions
Authors: Zhang Bo , He Shu-Kai , Zhang Zhi-Meng , Zhou Wei-Min
Published: October 2024

Intensity is a key parameter for ultra-high intensity lasers. However, it fluctuates from shot to shot, and accurate, in-situ measurement of intensity is a longstanding and challenging problem. Here, we propose an in-situ, prepulse insensitive, and comparatively precise method based on a newly discovered quantum effect of radiation reaction called quantum peak splitting to measure the intensity of ultra-strong lasers. In this method, a high energy electron beam penetrates the laser focus from side directions. When the electron-laser angle is properly chosen to make electrons penetrate the laser pulse radiate 5.1 − 9 times on average, the electron peak will split into two due to the quantum nature of electron radiation reaction in strong fields. The interval between split peaks can serve as an in situ measure to monitor the intensity of ultra high-intensity lasers in experiment shots. This measurement is applicable to 0.3 − 10 petawatt lasers.
Compact laser-diode-based optoacoustic mesoscopy
Authors: Liu Xiang , Li Weiye , Liu Yu-Hang , Estrada Héctor , Razansky Daniel
Published: October 2024

Short-pulsed solid-state lasers (SSLs) are the most commonly employed
light sources in optoacoustic imaging applications. However, their
bulky size hinders compact and portable system implementations. Here
we developed a compact laser diode (LD)-based optoacoustic mesoscopy
(CoLD-OAM) scanner that employs a fiber-coupled laser diode source
with 46 × 43 × 11 mm dimensions. CoLD-OAM features a scalable
excitation pulse width in the 30–200 ns range, high pulse energies up
to 6 µJ, and excellent pulse-to-pulse energy stability of 0.42%.
Real-time imaging of the human wrist has been demonstrated with the
system, achieving image quality similar to that of SSL-based systems.
These advancements facilitate the development of portable optoacoustic
systems with strong clinical translation and commercialization
potential.
High-power, frequency-doubled all-polarization-maintaining fiber laser system at 925 nm
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liang Zhaoheng , Wang Wenlong , Wen Junpeng , Liu Yalong , Wei Xiaoming , Yang Zhongmin
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate a high-power 925-nm pulsed laser system based on a frequency-doubled, all-polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber laser source operating at 1.8 µm. The seed is a figure-9 mode-locked oscillator, which incorporates a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. After power scaling and pulse compression, the 1.8-µm laser source can provide femtosecond pulses with a repetition rate of 31.3 MHz and an output power of 2.24 W. Through frequency doubling in a nonlinear crystal, the 925-nm laser delivers a pulse duration of 503 fs and an output power of 818 mW, which is the highest power provided by all-PM fiber laser systems at this wavelength, as far as we know. Furthermore, this 925-nm all-PM fiber laser is employed as the excitation light source for two-photon microscopy (TPM) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy.
Open whispering gallery mode resonators
Authors: Kazanov D. R. , Monakhov A. M.
Published: October 2024

There are some issues with traditional whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators such as poor light extraction and a dense mode spectrum. In this paper, we introduce a solution to these limitations by proposing open WGM (OWGM) resonators that effectively reduce the mode density and enable directional radiation through a connected waveguide at the expense of some lowering in Q-factor. Numerical simulations of two-dimensional metallic and dielectric disk resonators with holes reveal a significant increase in intermode distance. The study also extends to three-dimensional dielectric OWGM resonators, demonstrating the formation of sparse spectra suitable for photonic applications. Additionally, the design of a cylindrical Bragg microresonator connected to a single-mode fiber via an optimized topology-based connector achieves near-unity transmission and efficient coupling. This approach enhances the development of new photonic devices, addressing the limitations of traditional high Q-factor WGM resonators and offering potential advancements in laser technology and optical communications.
2-µm energy-managed soliton fiber laser
Authors: Mohamed Mostafa I. , Coillet Aurélien , Grelu Philippe
Published: October 2024

To generate energetic short pulses from fiber laser oscillators in the 2-µm emission window, we here propose an alternative to the conventional methods of pulse stretching and dispersion management. We build a passively mode-locked fiber laser from anomalous single-mode fibers and utilize strong dissipative effects to delineate high and low pulse energy sections within the cavity. Whereas the main laser output delivers low-chirp sub-ps pulses with an energy up to 12 nJ, the intracavity pulse is reshaped into a ∼0.1-nJ conventional soliton, stabilizing the laser dynamics while enabling a wide tunability in both repetition rate and central emission wavelength.
Optical system characterization in Fourier ptychographic microscopy
Authors: Meshreki John , Kazim Syed Muhammad , Ihrke Ivo
Published: October 2024

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a recent technique to overcome the diffraction limit of a low numerical aperture (NA) objective lens by algorithmic post-processing of several low-resolution images. It can increase the space-bandwidth product of an optical system by computationally combining images captured under different illumination conditions. Vignetting determines the spatial extent of the bright and dark regions in the captured images. State-of-the-art analyses treat vignetting as a nuisance that needs to be reduced or excluded from algorithmic consideration using ad hoc decision rules. In contrast, this work investigates vignetting effects as a tool to infer a range of properties of the optical system. Generally, the goal of the FPM reconstruction algorithm is to achieve results that closely resemble the actual specimen at the highest resolution possible. However, as the optimization process does not necessarily guarantee a unique solution, we identify system properties that support alignment between computational predictions and empirical observations, potentially leading to a more accurate and reliable analysis. To achieve this, we characterize the individual system components of the experimental setup and compare experimental data to both, geometrical and wave optical simulations. We demonstrate that using vignetting as an analytical tool enables the modeling of the geometric and coherence properties of the optical system as evidenced by the good agreement between our simulation and experiment.
‘Sarahland would trick me into thinking it was the entire world’: Sam Cohen’s short story cycle as queer ecology
Authors: Fisher Clare
Published: October 2024

This article proposes that in Sarahland (2021), Sam Cohen makes of the short story cycle form a productive arena in which to explore queer ecological concerns. Reading with queer ecocritic Nicole Seymour, it argues that the early stories frame heteronormativity as an ecology of harm whilst also exploring the difficulties of using critical theory to create more caring, queerer alternatives. The later stories, in making their environmentalist concerns more explicit, go further in articulating a queer ecological consciousness. The discussion focuses on how Cohen creates a dense ecology of affective, narrative and symbolic connections between the component stories. It suggests that the short story cycle is a form rich with possibility for exploring questions of queer futurity, ecology and belonging.
The Forest at the End of the Pier
Authors: Dean Claire
Published: October 2024

‘TreeLand’, a neglected pier attraction in northern England, has become home to some of the country’s last remaining trees. On a day trip with her children, Ama’s encounter with the verdant forest prompts her to question the stories she has always been told about trees being a threat. In this alternate near future, technological solutionism, the drive for development and resistance to lifestyle change has enabled the spread of carbon capture technology and the demonization and widespread replacement of real trees. The roots of this fictional societal response are shown to go back through generations and are perhaps not as far removed from today’s England – where ancient woodlands are under threat and plastic lawns proliferate – as we might want to believe. The accompanying poetics, ‘Some notes on losing trees’, explores how stories can shape our understanding of, and interactions with, the natural world. The author reflects on how their imaginative world in childhood was forested through fiction when many native woodlands and trees had already been destroyed. Together, the story and poetics, invite consideration of how we respond as individuals, and as a society, when loss of nature is raw and immediate, when it is remote in time or space, or when it is just another part of the barely noticed everyday.
‘I’m not a fighter. I’m a lay down and die-er’: An interview with Diane Cook
Authors: Ashworth A. J.
Published: October 2024

A conversation between acclaimed American short story writer and novelist Diane Cook and writer A. J. Ashworth, focusing in particular on the ecological elements in Cook’s writing in her debut collection Man V. Nature. Cook also discusses the apocalyptic/post-apocalyptic in her fiction, writing about aftermaths, her own experiences with nature and the environment, as well as some of her influences.
Travelling without arriving: A study of Anthony Burgess’s ‘The Endless Voyager’
Authors: Cotteau Karla
Published: October 2024

Anthony Burgess’s short story ‘The Endless Voyager’ takes the reader on a whirlwind journey around the world. However, like the story’s main character, Norbert Paxton, the reader never seems to arrive anywhere. This postmodern short story flips the legend of the Flying Dutchman on its head, encouraging the reader to test the limits of their understanding of nationalism and citizenship and contemplate this work of fiction in a metatextual way. The present study will begin with a discussion of Burgess’s understanding of the purpose of art, followed by an analysis of the story, focusing on intertextual and intermedial references. Finally, the impact these references may have on reader reception will be examined, which will ultimately lead to a consideration of the story’s brevity and of the question of freedom for the characters, the author and the story’s readers.
‘My open eye’: Souvankham Thammavongsa, Anthony Veasna So and short fiction as minor literature
Authors: Freedman Ariela
Published: October 2024

From the 1980s to the 2000s, contemporary world fiction gained increasing prominence through the maximalist form of the postcolonial novel. More recently, short story collections with postcolonial themes, realist styles and minimalist constraints have gained in prominence, even as patterns of migration entangle the categories of local and global. This article focuses on two recent and acclaimed books, How to Pronounce Knife by Souvankham Thammavongsa, and Afterparties by Anthony Veasna So, in order to argue that these reflexive, humorous and polyvocal collections provide new and generative iterations of contemporary global fiction through the form of the short story.
Towards a new formalist approach to short fiction: Janice Galloway’s Jellyfish as a case study
Authors: Gstrein Ines
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the usefulness of new formalist terminology for the study of integrated short fiction volumes. It adopts a case-study design: I take Janice Galloway’s short story composite Jellyfish ([2015] 2019) as an example because the author experiments with new ways of writing, arranging and presenting short fiction in this volume. I explore how Caroline Levine’s broad understanding of two forms (networks and rhythms) and their affordances can be brought together with different positions in short story criticism. Particular consideration shall be given to Rolf Lundén’s conceptualization of the characteristic tension between the short story composite as a whole and its component parts. In short, the article analyses the complex networks and rhythms which give structure to Jellyfish.
Marketing a (high school) musical on TikTok
Authors: Boffone Trevor
Published: October 2024

This article explores the intersections between TikTok, musical theatre and youth cultures. Since its international debut in 2017, TikTok has become closely associated with teenagers and twenty-somethings who use the social media platform as a critical site to create, present and experience identities and generational culture at large. Musical theatre has been central to this cultural work. Teenage theatre makers, for example, use TikTok as a marketing tool that can be replicated by professional theatre companies and productions. I present an autoethnographic account of my work with high school students to market an all-school production of the musical Grease and use the experience to question the ways emerging digital platforms such as TikTok inform new, accessible ways of collaborating, experiencing, appreciating, conceptualizing and documenting musical theatre.
Merrily We Roll Along, New Broadway Cast Recording (2023)
Authors: Buchman Andrew
Published: October 2024

Review of: Merrily We Roll Along, New Broadway Cast Recording (2023)

USA: Masterworks Broadway, 79 min.,
Broadway Bodies: A Critical History of Conformity, Ryan Donovan (2023)
Authors: Linares Trinidad
Published: October 2024

Review of: Broadway Bodies: A Critical History of Conformity, Ryan Donovan (2023)

London: Oxford University Press, 336 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19755-108-0, p/bk, $39.95
Jóvenes y videojuegos: perspectivas sobre el consumo de videojuegos ambientados en Colombia
Authors: Becerra Agudelo Ricardo Andrés , Garcés Montoya Ángela
Published: October 2024

Este artículo realiza un análisis crítico de los videojuegos Narcos: Cartel Wars y CrisTales, ambos ambientados en Colombia, considerando la conformación de la condición juvenil a través del consumo de videojuegos. Narcos se centra en el narcotráfico, mostrando asociaciones con la guerra y la violencia, mientras que CrisTales destaca por su estética femenina, con énfasis en los paisajes y la cultura colombianos, evocando una experiencia de juego fantástica y colorida.
La condición juvenil se explora desde una perspectiva de género, considerando la separación de las dimensiones femenina y masculina, que se basan en la conexión emocional y estética de los jóvenes con los videojuegos. Además, se destaca la importancia de los videojuegos en la formación cultural y social de los jóvenes, ofreciendo medios para explorar narrativas complejas y expresar identidades.
Beyond news consumption: television’s role on younger audiences in Portugal
Authors: Scalabrin Müller Mariana
Published: October 2024

This study explores the relationship between television and young audiences (aged 15-24) in Portugal, in a context of rising digital media. Through the analysis of data from an online survey of 1362 participants and 42 semi-structured interviews, youths are categorized into seven profiles based on their television consumption habits and critical perspectives. A nuanced media landscape is revealed, in which television's relevance is maintained in transformed roles—from a traditional source of news to a platform for streaming content. The engagement of young viewers with television is shown to be shaped by family dynamics, educational backgrounds, and an increasing preference for digital platforms, indicating a shift towards more personalized and interactive media consumption.
Investigating the in vitro Anticancer Potential and Phytochemical Constituents of Cheilanthes hirta Swartz Plant Extracts
Authors: Aladejana Elizabeth Bosede , Macaula Nande , Lamula Siphamandla Q. , Aladejana Adebowale Emmanuel , Wium Mariet , Paccez Juliano , Zerbini Luiz Fernando , Buwa-Komoreng Lisa Valencia
Published: October 2024

Cancer, a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, remains a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 10 million deaths in 2020. Despite advancements in chemotherapy and targeted therapies, survival rates have not significantly improved, necessitating the exploration of novel anticancer agents. This study investigates the in vitro anticancer potential and phytochemical constituents of Cheilanthes hirta Swartz, a fern known for its medicinal properties. The plant was collected from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa and extracts were prepared using water, ethanol and methanol. The phytochemical and FTIR screening were carried out using standard procedure and anticancer activities of the extracts were assessed against prostate (PC-3 and DU-145), human T-lymphocytes (SKU-T) and gastric (AGS) cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, phlobatannins, alkaloids and steroids. FTIR spectroscopy identified the functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, terminal alkynes, ketones, phenols and phosphate ions. The cytotoxicity results showed that the ethanol extract exhibited the most potent antiproliferative effects on prostate cancer cell lines, while the aqueous extract had the strongest effect on the gastric cancer cells. This study highlights the potential of C. hirta as a source of bioactive compounds for anticancer drug development, however, further investigation into its mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy is needed.
Adsorption of ortho-Nitrophenol from Aqueous Solution using Phosphated Biomass of Ailanthus excelsa: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies
Authors: Pawar Reshma S. , Gadave Kisan M. , Thakare Shantanu S. , Kale Anandrao A.
Published: October 2024

This study interprets phosphated biomass of Ailanthus excelsa (PBAE) as a eco-friendly, inexpensive and potential adsorbent for adsorption of ortho-nitrophenol (ONP) from aqueous solution by using batch adsorption method. The prepared biosorbent was characterized using a variety of techniques such as Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a function of many process parameters including material dose, contact time, concentration, pH and temperature, batch studies were conducted. It was found that a pH of 6.0, a biosorbent dosage of 0.050 g and an initial phenol concentration of 25 mg/L and temperature 298 K were the best conditions for ONP removal. The maximum sorption was found to be 95.28%. Adsorption data was better fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich isotherms. It was demonstrated that the sorption rate follows the pseudo-second order kinetics and intraparticle diffusion theory and the biosorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature.