bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Microsomal P450 Steroidogenic Enzyme Activities and In Vitro Cortisol Production in Adrenal Tissue From Yorkshire Boars
Authors: Xie Xuemei , Wang Xudong , Mick Gail J. , Kabarowski Janusz H. , Wilson Landon Shay , Barnes Stephen , Walcott Gregory P. , Luo Xiaoping , McCormick Kenneth
Published: February 2016

Dysregulation of adrenal glucocorticoid production is increasingly recognized to play a supportive role in the metabolic syndrome although the mechanism is ill defined. The adrenal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, CYP17 and CYP21, are essential for glucocorticoid synthesis. The omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may ameliorate metabolic syndrome, but it is unknown whether they have direct actions on adrenal CYP steroidogenic enzymes. The aim of this study was to determine whether PUFA modify adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis using isolated porcine microsomes. The enzyme activities of CYP17, CYP21, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH), and CYP2E1 were measured in intact microsomes treated with fatty acids of disparate saturated bonds. Cortisol production was measured in a cell-free in vitro model. Microsomal lipid composition after arachidonic acid (AA) exposure was determined by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry. Results showed that adrenal microsomal CYP21 activity was decreased by docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, AA, and linoleic acid, and CYP17 activity was inhibited by DPA, DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid, and AA. Inhibition was associated with the number of the PUFA double bonds. Similarly, cortisol production in vitro was decreased by DPA, DHA, and AA. Endoplasmic enzymes with intraluminal activity were unaffected by PUFA. In microsomes exposed to AA, the level of AA or oxidative metabolites of AA in the membrane was not altered. In conclusion, these observations suggest that omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA, especially those with 2 or more double bonds (DPA, DHA, and AA), impede adrenal glucocorticoid production.
FRET analysis using sperm-activating peptides tagged with fluorescent proteins reveals that ligand-binding sites exist as clusters
Authors: Arcos-Hernández César , Romero Francisco , Sánchez-Guevara Yoloxochitl , Beltrán Carmen , Nishigaki Takuya
Published: February 2016

Long-range cellular communication between the sperm and egg is critical for external fertilization. Sperm-activating peptides (SAPs) are diffusible components of the outer layer of eggs in echinoderms, and function as chemoattractants for spermatozoa. The decapeptide named speract is the best-characterized sea urchin SAP. Biochemical and physiological actions of speract have been studied with purified or chemically synthesized peptides. In this work, we prepared recombinant speract fused to a fluorescent protein (FP; FP-speract) using three color variants: a cyan (eCFP), a yellow (mVenus) and a large Stokes shift yellow (mAmetrine) FP. Although these fluorescence tags are 20 times larger than speract, competitive binding experiments using mAmetrine-speract revealed that this FP-speract has binding affinity to the receptor that is comparable (7.6-fold less) to that of non-labeled speract. Indeed, 10 nmol l−1 eCFP-speract induces physiological sperm responses such as membrane potential changes and increases in intracellular pH and Ca2+ concentrations similar to those triggered by 10 nmol l−1 speract. Furthermore, FP-speract maintains its fluorescence upon binding to its receptor. Using this property, we performed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements with eCFP-speract and mVenus-speract as probes and obtained a positive FRET signal upon binding to the receptor, which suggests that the speract receptor exists as an oligomer, at least as a dimer, or alternatively that a single speract receptor protein possesses multiple binding sites. This property could partially account for the positive and/or negative cooperative binding of speract to the receptor.
Warm acclimation improves hypoxia tolerance in Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: McBryan Tara L. , Healy Timothy M. , Haakons Kristen L. , Schulte Patricia M.
Published: February 2016

Human activities are increasing both the frequency of hypoxic episodes and the mean temperature of aquatic ecosystems, but few studies have considered the possibility that acclimation to one of these stressors could improve the ability to cope with the other stressor. Here, we used Atlantic killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, to test this hypothesis. Hypoxia tolerance was measured as time to loss of equilibrium in hypoxia (LOEhyp) at 0.4 kPa oxygen. Time to LOEhyp declined from 73.3±6.9 min at 15°C to 2.6±3.8 min at 23°C, and at 30°C no fish could withstand this level of hypoxia. Prior acclimation to warm temperatures significantly increased time to LOEhyp. Hypoxia tolerance of the southern subspecies of killifish, F. heteroclitus heteroclitus, was greater than that of the northern subspecies, F. heteroclitus macrolepidotus, measured both as critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) and as time to LOEhyp. Warm acclimation offset the negative effects of temperature on time to LOEhyp to a similar extent in the two subspecies. Warm acclimation increased total lamellar surface area of the gill in both subspecies as a result of regression of an interlamellar cell mass (ILCM). However, differences in total lamellar surface area could not explain differences in time to LOEhyp between the subspecies, suggesting that the lower time to LOEhyp of northern fish is related to their higher routine metabolic rate. These data suggest that thermal plasticity in gill morphology can improve the capacity of this species to tolerate hypoxia, and shows how existing plasticity may help organisms to cope with the complex interacting stressors that they will encounter with increasing frequency as our climate changes.
O direito administrativo no sistema de base romanística e de common law
Authors: Azevedo Neto Floriano Marques de
Published: February 2016

O texto procura situar o atual estado da arte do direito administrativo no que concerne às suas fontes inspiradoras, partindo da clássica dicotomia entre os sistemas jurídicos romano-germânico e anglo-saxão. Com base nas raízes históricas e no desenvolvimento de ambas as famílias do direito ocidental, aponta a existência de gradual aproximação de ambos os sistemas, com adoções recíprocas de instrumentos de controle e exercício da autoridade, de promoção de liberdades e de organização da atividade jurisdicional. O trabalho analisa as influências dos sistemas romanístico e de common law sobre o direito administrativo brasileiro, concluindo ser este fruto de um sincretismo enriquecedor, movimento tido como tendência nos ordenamentos jurídicos contemporâneos. Brazilian administrative law: under the influence of common law and civil law This paper seeks to describe the current state of the art of administrative law concerning its inspiring sources, considering initially the classical dichotomy between the Roman-Germanic and the Anglo-Saxon legal systems. Based on the historical roots and development of both legal families of the Western Law, points to the existence of a gradual rapprochement of both systems, by means of reciprocal adoption of instruments of control and exercise of authority, promotion of liberties and organization of judicial activity. The paper analyzes the influences of Roman and Common Law systems on the Brazilian administrative law, concluding that it is a result of an enriching syncretism, as a part of a movement which is a trend in contemporary legal systems.
A transferência de outorgas de radiodifusão e a comercialização de tempo de programação
Authors: Araújo Bráulio Santos Rabelo de
Published: February 2016

No sistema brasileiro de radiodifusão, há duas formas frequentes de comercialização de outorgas de rádio e TV que suscitam questionamentos quanto à sua constitucionalidade e legalidade. São elas as transferências diretas e indiretas de concessões e permissões e a comercialização de tempo de programação, ampliada, nos últimos anos, em razão da expansão dos contratos de arrendamento de emissoras de rádio e TV. O presente artigo examina a licitude dessas práticas mediante a exposição e a análise da regulamentação constitucional e infraconstitucional do setor e o cotejo da doutrina e dos precedentes jurisprudenciais que já se manifestaram de forma não consensual sobre o tema. A análise resulta na conclusão de que as transferências diretas e indiretas de outorgas de radiodifusão e a comercialização de tempo de programação acima do limite legal de 25% violam normas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais que regulamentam o serviço. The transfer of broadcasting licenses and the trading of programming time In the Brazilian broadcasting system, there are two frequent mechanisms for the trading of broadcasting licenses that raise questions about their constitutionality and legality. They are the direct and indirect transfer of broadcasting licenses and the trading of programming time, which were increased in recent years, due to the expansion of the lease of radio and TV stations. This article examines the lawfulness of these practices through exposure and analysis of the sectors’ constitutional and infra-constitutional regulation and the confrontation of doctrine and legal precedents that have already been voiced in a non-consensual manner on the subject matter. The analysis results in the conclusion that the direct and indirect transfer of broadcasting licenses and the trading of programming time over the legal limit of 25% violate constitutional and infra-constitutional rules governing the service.
Fusão das empresas BDO e KPMG
Authors: Ribeiro Conselheiro Eduardo Pontual
Published: February 2016

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Resolução da Anvisa que proíbe o uso nos cigarros de ingredientes que não oferecem risco à saúde. Invalidade formal e material da medida. Incompetência, desvio de finalidade e asfixia regulatória
Authors: Pertence Sepúlveda , Barroso Luís Roberto
Published: February 2016

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Contrato de licenciamento comercial para sementes de soja
Authors: Ribeiro Conselheiro Eduardo Pontual
Published: February 2016

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Os fundamentos políticos da prestação de contas estatal
Authors: Cabral Flávio Garcia
Published: February 2016

Trata-se de artigo que possui como objetivo precípuo a abordagem acerca de tema da mais alta relevância: a prestação de contas estatal. Procurar-se-á, inicialmente, compreender sua significação, extraindo seus principais elementos, e verificando-se que, em uma acepção ampla, pode ser considerado termo que possui a mesma carga axiológica do vocábulo anglo-saxão accountability. Após esse primeiro momento, observar-se-á quais os regimes e fenômenos políticos que justificam essencialmente a prestação de contas. Nesse aspecto, será analisado, primeiramente, o complexo fenômeno da representação política, seguindo-se, adiante, da verificação da forma de governo que é capaz de sustentar a accountability, distinguindo-se, assim, se a justificativa repousa exclusivamente nos regimes democráticos ou nos republicanos. The political foundations of accountability This is an article that has as it main objective deal with a theme that has higher relevance: accountability. At first, we will try to understand its significance, drawing its main elements, and verifying that, in a broad sense, it can be considered as a term that has the same axiological load as the Anglo-Saxon word accountability. After this first step, we will observe which regims and political phenomena justify essentially the accountability. In this aspect, it will be analyzed first, the complex phenomenon of political representation, followed, later, by checking the form of government that is able to support accountability, distinguishing, thus, if the justification rests exclusively in democratic or Republican regims.
A proibição do non liquet e o princípio da inafastabilidade do controle jurisdicional
Authors: Koatz Rafael Lorenzo-Fernandez
Published: February 2016

Sustenta-se, com fundamento no art. 5º, XXXV, da Constituição (inafastabilidade do controle jurisdicional), que o juiz não pode deixar de julgar uma causa que lhe foi submetida (proibição de juízos de non liquet). O propósito deste artigo é discutir essa proposição a partir da teoria dos direitos fundamentais. Pretende-se demonstrar: (i) que a inafastabilidade do controle jurisdicional tem característica de princípio, o que impõe sua aplicação de acordo com as possibilidades fáticas e jurídicas subjacentes; (ii) que a Constituição não veda de forma absoluta o non liquet e que ele pode ser válido, em circunstâncias excepcionais, para ampliar o diálogo institucional; e (iii) que o enquadramento do art. 5º, XXXV, como princípio traz importantes consequências práticas.  The non liquet prohibition and the non-obviation of judiciary jurisdiction principle Based on the provisions of Article 5, XXXV, of Brazilian Constitution (non-obviation of judiciary jurisdiction), some believe a judge cannot refrain from judging a claim presented to judiciary (prohibition of non liquet). The purpose of this article is to discuss such proposition, based on the Theory of Fundamental Rights. Its purpose is to demonstrate (i) that such constitutional provision contain characteristic of principles, imposing that such provisions be applied in accordance with the legal and factual possibilities; (ii) that the Constitution does not entirely forbid judges to declare non liquet, accepted in exceptional circumstances to enhance the institutional dialogue and (iii) such understanding of Article 5, XXXV as a principle has several important consequences.
Αξιολογώντας την ποιότητα στο νηπιαγωγείο με τη χρήση της Κλίμακας Αξιολόγησης Περιβάλλοντος για την Προσχολική Εκπαίδευση (ECERS-R)
Authors: Botsoglou Kafenia , Kakana Domna Mika
Published: February 2016

Στο άρθρο αυτό παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα από την εφαρμογή της Κλίμακας αξιολόγησης για τη προσχολική Εκπαίδευση (ECER-R) σε 40 τάξεις νηπιαγωγείων. Στην έρευνα χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μεταφρασμένη και προσαρμοσμένη στην Ελληνική πραγματικότητα κλίμακα (Μπότσογλου & Κακανά, 2013) και η εφαρμογή της, έγινε από 10  ειδικά εκπαιδευμένους ερευνητές.

Τα αποτελέσματα της εφαρμογής της κλίμακας, δεν μας αφήνουν να διαμορφώσουμε μια ενθαρρυντική εικόνα σχετικά με την ποιότητα  των προσχολικών τάξεων, παρόλα αυτά όμως προκύπτουν κατά την γνώμη μας ορισμένα ενδιαφέροντα σημεία, στα οποία αν δοθεί μεγαλύτερη προσοχή και γίνει μεθοδευμένη  προσπάθεια, μπορούν να αποτελέσουν καθημερινές πρακτικές στο ελληνικό νηπιαγωγείο, και η εφαρμογή τους να συμβάλλει στην ποιοτική αναβάθμισή του.
Το παιχνίδι ως καταλύτης στη διαδικασία προσαρμογής των αστροναυτών στις ακραίες συνθήκες διαβίωσης μιας διαστημικής αποστολής
Authors: Liapi Marianthi , Ackermann Edith
Published: February 2016

Η εξερεύνηση του διαστήματος είναι μια ιδιαίτερη, συναρπαστική περιπέτεια. Ακόμη πιο ιδιαίτερη, όμως, είναι η συνακόλουθη δραστηριότητα της επιστημονικής κοινότητας που επανεξετάζει σε νέες συνθήκες ό,τι θεωρούσε μέχρι σήμερα δεδομένο για την ανθρώπινη φύση. Ο αρχικός σχεδιασμός κάθε επανδρωμένης διαστημικής αποστολής δίνει προτεραιότητα στην ασφάλεια του πληρώματος, εκπαιδεύοντας τους αστροναύτες-ήρωες της περιπέτειας αυτής να επιβιώνουν απομονωμένοι σε περιβάλλον μικροβαρύτητας. Στο αληθινό πεδίο δράσης τους, όμως, οι αστροναύτες είναι επιβαρυμένοι με ένα δύσκολο πρόγραμμα έρευνας, επισκευών και διαχείρισης, φυσικά περιορισμένοι μέσα σε μια αποστειρωμένη διαστημική κάψουλα, αποστερημένη από περιβαλλοντικά ερεθίσματα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, ο ελεύθερος χρόνος τους είναι τυπικά ενταγμένος στο καθημερινό πρόγραμμα με καθορισμένες δραστηριότητες που ενώ έχουν τη χαλάρωση σαν στόχο, δεν καταφέρνουν να αποσυμφορήσουν τη βεβαρημένη ρουτίνα. Παρόλα αυτά, μέσα από καταγραφές στα προσωπικά τους ημερολόγια, οι αστροναύτες δείχνουν ότι προσπαθούν να αυτοδιαχειριστούν τις αρνητικές συνέπειες της απομόνωσης επινοώντας δικές τους δραστηριότητες κοινωνικοποίησης, χαλάρωσης και κυρίως παιχνιδιού. Αναγνωρίζοντας την απουσία ενός κοινωνικο-ψυχολογικού ρυθμιστή στις καθημερινές συνθήκες διαβίωσης μιας διαστημικής αποστολής και γνωρίζοντας τη ζωτική σημασία του παιχνιδιού στη διαδικασία προσαρμογής του ανθρώπου σε νέο περιβάλλον, η επιστημονική αυτή εργασία παρουσιάζει: (1) μια νέα προσέγγιση στον εγκλιματισμό των αστροναυτών σε ακραίες συνθήκες διαβίωσης με την ονομασία "Προσαρμογή στη Μικροβαρύτητα μέσα από το Παιχνίδι"; και (2) τις βασικές κατευθύνσεις για τον λειτουργικό και χωρικό προγραμματισμό που θα υποστηρίζει το παιχνίδι μέσα σε ένα επανδρωμένο διαστημικό σκάφος, εκμεταλλευόμενος τις εγγενείς παιγνιώδεις ποιότητες ενός περιβάλλοντος χωρίς βαρύτητα. Στόχος είναι να δημιουργηθούν νέες χωρικές και κοινωνικές ευκαιρίες για τους αστροναύτες να επιταχύνουν τη διαδικασία προσαρμογής τους σε συνθήκες μικροβαρύτητας, ενεργοποιώντας σταδιακά την ικανότητα που είχαν σαν παιδιά να επεκτείνουν νοητά τα όρια του κόσμου που τους περιβάλλει μέσα στον κόσμο της φαντασίας που τους καθοδηγεί.
Νοτιοανατολικό Δίχτυ Προστασίας (Southeast Safe Net/SESN) : Έρευνα – δράση για την πρόληψη της εμπορίας παιδιών και την προστασία ασυνόδευτων ανηλίκων μεταναστών και προσφύγων
Authors: Hatzinikolaou Korina
Published: February 2016

Το παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζει την έρευνα-δράση με τίτλο «Νοτιοανατολικό Δίχτυ Προστασίας: Πρόληψη της εμπορίας παιδιών και προστασία ασυνόδευτων ανηλίκων στα ελληνοτουρκικά σύνορα», η οποία χρηματοδοτείται από τη Γενική Διεύθυνση Εσωτερικών Υποθέσεων της Ε.Ε. στα πλαίσια του χρηματοδοτικού προγράμματος ISEC. Το πρόγραμμα θεραπεύει ένα ιδιαίτερα επίκαιρο θέμα, όπως είναι η προστασία των ασυνόδευτων ανήλικων μεταναστών και προσφύγων από την εμπορία ανθρώπων. Προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί ο κεντρικός στόχος του προγράμματος, αναπτύχθηκαν και εφαρμόστηκαν δραστηριότητες στους εξής τρεις άξονες εργασίας: α) προώθηση του συντονισμού, της συνεργασίας και της αμοιβαίας κατανόησης μεταξύ κρατικών φορέων, ΜΚΟ και διεθνών οργανισμών αρμόδιων για την πρόληψη της εμπορίας ανθρώπων και την προστασία των ασυνόδευτων ανηλίκων στην Ελλάδα, β) ανασκόπηση βέλτιστων πρακτικών για την πρόληψη της εμπορίας ανηλίκων στο Ευρωπαϊκό και στο διεθνή χώρο, ανάπτυξη δύο εργαλείων για την πρόληψη της εμπορίας ανηλίκων και εκπαίδευση επαγγελματιών στην εφαρμογή των εργαλείων αυτών, και γ) ανάπτυξη ενός πιλοτικού προγράμματος ενδυνάμωσης και υποστήριξης ασυνόδευτων ανήλικων μεταναστών και προσφύγων που διαμένουν σε στέγες φιλοξενίας για ασυνόδευτους ανήλικους στην Ελλάδα. Οι προαναφερθείσες δραστηριότητες περιγράφονται και συζητούνται αναλυτικά στο άρθρο, ενώ διατυπώνονται και τα σχέδια για τη βιωσιμότητα του προγράμματος.
Σημείωμα του Εκδότη
Authors: Germanos Dimitris
Published: February 2016

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Calculation of functional nanostructures of coatings, based on modeling of their synthesis
Authors: Кожина Т. , Kozhina T.
Published: February 2016

The physical model of nuclear decay theory, regarding the interaction of implanted ions of nanostructured coatings, the deposited condensate and basis.The way to create model and mathematical tool that delivers calculation of optimal quantity of layers of functional nanostructured coatings of tool materials. The calculation is a basis and allows to determine initial data for modeling and control of synthesis of compositional coatings for various functionality.
Cold extrusion of conical cups with cylindrical cavity
Authors: Коробова Н. , Korobova N. , Дмитриев А. , Dmitriev A. , Толмачев Н. , Tolmachev N.
Published: February 2016

The method and results of the study of reverse extrusion of billet by cylindrical punch in a conical expanding matrix are described. The mathematical model, which we developed for the determination of specific extrusion force, is described too. The study by statistical method verified the adequacy of the model. This model made possible to assess the resistance of punches and showed the ability to produce deformation of a billet made of low carbon steel without heating. The developed process includes the operation of segmenting of the cylindrical workpieces from bar, heat treatment, lubrication and extrusion of the workpieces. The two-way cold extrusion of a billet is produced in a matrix alternatively by two punches. The design of the stamp is described. The stamp is specialized for reverse extrusion of a billet. In its construction the moving mechanism of action of the two alternately punches in one matrix is used.
Modeling of processes of finishing by abrasive pastes
Authors: Сазонов С. , Sazonov S. , Братан С. , Bratan S. , Колесов А. , Kolesov A.
Published: February 2016

The results of modeling of finishing process are given in this article. At modeling it is taking into account, that the process of removal of material, arising from contact of rough surfaces of workpiece and lap with lapping compound, which contains the aggregate of grains of different sizes and shapes, is a stochastic process. The obtained dependences allow to predict material removal, differentially assess the impact of individual factors on parameters of quality of parts and speed of the process.
Audit of Income for Commercial Borrowing Use in Realization of Goods
Authors: Кыштымова  , Kyshtymova Yevgyeniya , Лытнева  , Lytnyeva Natalya
Published: February 2016

In the article the technique of audit in realization of goods on the terms of commercial borrowing is considered.

Th e authors describe features of the revenue recognition and income assessment in the form of interests for the provision of

commercial borrowing, depending on its type: advance payment, prepay, deferred payment and payment by installments.
Contentious Issues in Accrued Depreciation and Their Reflection in the Reporting
Authors: Парасоцкая  , Parasotskaya N.
Published: February 2016

Th e article considers contentious issues in accrued depreciation in accounting and tax registration, applied methods of accrual of depreciation. Th e author analyses legal precedents in the questions of introduction of accrued depreciation amount in tax registration.
Fire Sales and House Prices: Evidence from Estate Sales Due to Sudden Death
Authors: Andersen Steffen , Nielsen Kasper Meisner
Published: February 2016

This study investigates when forced sales of real estate turn into fire sales by using a natural experiment that allows us to separate supply and demand effects: Forced sales result from sudden death of house owners and are thus unrelated to current market conditions. We find that forced sales result in fire sale discounts. Discounts increase when the sale is urgent, market conditions are poor, and the seller is financially constrained. Overall, our study identifies when forced sales lead to fire sale discounts, and highlights that fire sales occur even in the absence of temporary demand shocks.

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
The Evolution of Beliefs over Signed Social Networks
Authors: Shi Guodong , Proutiere Alexandre , Johansson Mikael , Baras John S. , Johansson Karl H.
Published: February 2016

We study the evolution of opinions (or beliefs) over a social network modeled as a signed graph. The sign attached to an edge in this graph characterizes whether the corresponding individuals or end nodes are friends (positive links) or enemies (negative links). Pairs of nodes are randomly selected to interact over time, and when two nodes interact, each of them updates its opinion based on the opinion of the other node and the sign of the corresponding link. This model generalizes the DeGroot model to account for negative links: when two adversaries interact, their opinions go in opposite directions. We provide conditions for convergence and divergence in expectation, in mean-square, and in almost sure sense and exhibit phase transition phenomena for these notions of convergence depending on the parameters of the opinion update model and on the structure of the underlying graph. We establish a no-survivor theorem, stating that the difference in opinions of any two nodes diverges whenever opinions in the network diverge as a whole. We also prove a live-or-die lemma, indicating that almost surely, the opinions either converge to an agreement or diverge. Finally, we extend our analysis to cases where opinions have hard lower and upper limits. In these cases, we study when and how opinions may become asymptotically clustered to the belief boundaries and highlight the crucial influence of (strong or weak) structural balance of the underlying network on this clustering phenomenon.
Supply Allocation Under Sequential Advance Demand Information
Authors: Papier Felix
Published: February 2016

We study the problem of allocating supply under advance demand information. We consider a company that must allocate limited inventory to different markets that open sequentially. To reduce uncertainty, the company receives advance demand information and updates forecasts about its markets each time it makes an allocation decision. We study the value and optimal use of this information. This research is motivated by an agrifood manufacturer that operates in several European countries. We develop the optimal policy under relaxed conditions and an efficient heuristic policy that performs close to optimally under general conditions. We derive structural properties of the model to gain managerial insights, and we derive the optimal policy in closed form for the case of markets with identical prices. We use numerical experiments to demonstrate that the value of advance demand information can be significant. The managerial insights of this study include the observations that in environments such as the one that motivated our research, early markets receive systematically less supply than late markets and that the value of advance demand information is greatest if the initial supply is close to the initial forecasts.
Evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to rust disease (Phakopsora pachyrhizi)
Authors: SULISTYO APRI , SUMARTINI SUMARTINI
Published: February 2016

Sulistyo A, Sumartini. 2016. Evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to rust diseaseÂ (Phakopsora pachyrhizi).Â  Biodiversitas 17: 124-128. Pest and disease are one of limiting factor in soybean cultivation in Indonesia. One of the diseases that canreduce soybean production is rust diseases caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The use of resistant varieties can reduce yield losses dueto this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of soybean genotypes to rust disease and to study the interactionbetween agronomic traits with rust disease on soybean genotypes. This study was conducted at a screen house of the IndonesianLegumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI)Â 

in Malang, Indonesia from April to July 2015. A total of 10 soybean genotypesconsist of eight lines and two varieties (Argomulyo and Grobogan).Â 

The experiment was arranged as randomized completely block design with four replications. Eachgenotype planted in five plastic pots for each replicate. Three weeks after planting, all plants were inoculated with rust disease.Inoculation was done by spraying a suspension of spores (spore density of 10Â 4Â spore mL-1)Â 

to the surface of leaves. Observations werecarried out on rust disease severity based on the method of International Working Group on Soybean Rust rating system, days toflowering, plant height, number of branches, number of fertile nodes, number of pods, and seed weight per plant. The results showedthat all genotypes classified as moderately resistant to rust disease. In this study, days to flowering and plant height influence thedevelopment of rust disease severity. There are three lines that have seed weight per plant significantly heavier than Argomulyo (4.97 g) and Grobogan (4.30 g), namely K/I100//B63///G-7 (6.55 g),Â K/I100//B63///G-8 (6.15 g), andÂ I100/B54//A-5 (5.85 g). The high value ofÂ the scales of seed weight per plant for the three lines is supported by high-performance plants with a lot of number of fertile nodes and pods. These three soybean genotypes potentially serve as genetic material to develop high yielding soybean varieties and resistant to rust disease.
Thermal Conductivity and Volumetric Specific Heat of Low-Density Wooden Mats
Authors: Nakaya Takashi , Yamasaki Mariko , Fukuta Satoshi , Sasaki Yasutoshi
Published: February 2016

Using wooden waste as insulation material benefits society by using waste products, reducing building thermal load, and sequestering carbon dioxide. In this study on heat insulating materials, a novel low-density wooden mat was fabricated from wood shavings and kenaf fibers. This research addressed the influences of fabrication conditions on the thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat of the materials used. The raw materials (wood shavings and kenaf fibers) were mixed with a binder component, and the mixture was thermoformed. The thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat of the mats were measured, and the influence of mixing ratio, density, and heat flux was evaluated. The results demonstrated that thermal conductivity was largely affected by the mat density and mixing ratio but was largely unaffected by changes in the heat flux. The volumetric specific heat of the mats was largely unaffected by the raw material mixing ratio but was greatly affected by the mat density. The tendency of the thermal conductivity decrease was changed according to the combination ratio of the wood shavings and the kenaf. The wood shavings are flake shaped and curled, and the kenaf is fibrous. It was thought that the internal void was made smaller effectively by mixing two different shaped fibers and the thermal conductivity was minimized. As a result, the thermal performance of the subject mats, as compared with glass wool, exhibited a slightly lower thermal insulation level and higher heat capacity. The results are important in improving efficiency and the commercial design of insulation materials.
Elastofibroma dorsi: The clunking tumour that need not cause alarm
Authors: Smith HG , Hannay JAF , Thway K , Messiou C , Smith MJF , Strauss DC , Hayes AJ
Published: February 2016

Introduction

Elastofibromas are rare, pseudo-tumours arising at the inferior pole of the scapula that have a characteristic presentation. Due to their tissue of origin and size, they may often be mistaken for soft tissue sarcomas. We present the management of patients diagnosed with elastofibroma at a single institution.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with elastofibroma between January 1995 and January 2015 were identified from a prospectively maintained histopathology database. Electronic patient records, imaging and pathology reports were retrieved and reviewed.

Results

Thirty seven patients were identified, with a median age of 66 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6. All tumours occurred in the characteristic subscapular location. The median maximum tumour diameter was 8.2cm. A synchronous contralateral lesion (15.8%) was found in six patients. Cross-sectional imaging was performed in 29 patients, with magnetic resonance imaging the most common modality (59.5%). Diagnosis was confirmed with percutaneous biopsy in all but one patient, who proceeded directly to surgery. Eighteen patients were managed non-operatively; 19 opted for surgical excision due to significant symptoms. Excision was performed in a marginal fashion and, at a median follow-up of 5 months, no functional impairment or local recurrences were observed.

Conclusions

Soft tissue masses greater than 5cm in diameter should prompt the clinician to exclude soft tissue sarcoma. The diagnosis of elastofibroma may be alluded to by its typical presentation and can be confirmed by percutaneous biopsy. After excluding malignancy, these lesions can be safely managed non-operatively, with surgery reserved for symptomatic patients.
Cost implications and oncological outcomes for laparoscopic versus open surgery for right hemicolectomy
Authors: Habib K , Daniels S , Lee M , Proctor V , Saha A
Published: February 2016

Introduction

Recent studies have suggested that laparoscopic surgery for colorectal resection confers a cost benefit compared with open surgery. These studies have considered a wide range of colorectal operations together rather than focusing on a single procedure. Our study compared direct clinical costs for laparoscopic versus open right hemicolectomy.

Methods

Clinicopathological data and cost of treatment for all patients who underwent a right hemicolectomy between 2012 and 2013 were collected. The primary outcome was total cost of treatment. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, operative time and morbidity. The minimum follow-up duration was 12 months. Costs for laparoscopic and open surgery for elective resection alone were compared. Further analyses were performed comparing emergency cases with elective cases and cancer with non-cancer cases.

Results

There were 83 patients who underwent a right hemicolectomy during the study period and of these, 65 had an elective procedure. The total cost of a laparoscopic procedure was £3,998.12 compared with £3,427.50 for open surgery (p=0.039). The length of stay was shorter for laparoscopic surgery while the cost of an emergency right hemicolectomy was significantly greater than for elective surgery.

Conclusions

Although the length of stay for laparoscopic surgery was shorter, this did not translate to a reduction in cost. The cost benefit from a shorter length of stay was offset by a greater cost of consumables. Cost effectiveness analyses should be designed carefully, and they should consider individual operations separately when making healthcare management and funding decisions.
Non-small cell lung cancer with distal cutaneous metastases in a patient with a previously treated colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Thurston D , Hossain T , Waraich N , Shukla A
Published: February 2016

Cutaneous manifestations of visceral carcinomas are scarce, occurring in around 0.7–12% of internal malignancies. Lung cancer is one of the most common sources of skin metastasis, particularly in male patients. We present a case of cutaneous metastasis in a man with concurrent lung lesions and a previously treated colorectal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry markers for both skin and lung lesions were strongly positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 20, suggesting an intestinal primary tumour. However, colonoscopy excluded new and metastatic bowel lesions. After multidisciplinary team meetings, which reviewed the clinical, radiological and immunohistochemistry findings, it was concluded to be a non-small cell lung cancer with skin metastasis. This case presented an interesting diagnostic challenge, and highlighted the importance of cross-specialty liaison and investigation to reach the correct diagnosis.
Difference making, explanatory relevance, and mechanistic models.
Authors: Van Eck Dingmar , Gervais Raoul
Published: February 2016

In this paper we consider mechanistic explanations for biologic malfunctions. Drawing on Lipton’s (1993) work on difference making, we offer three reasons why one should distinguish i) mechanistic features that only make a difference to the malfunction one aims to explain, from ii) features that make a difference to both the malfunction and normal functioning. Recognition of the distinction is important for a) repair purposes, b) mechanism discovery, and c) understanding. This analysis extends current mechanistic thinking, which fails to appreciate the distinction. We illustrate our contribution with a case on sleeping disorders as arising from disruptions of circadian rhythms.
Este bastón es mi padre/ y madre mía esta espada: el poder de las obras y el poder de la sangre en El hijo de las batallas de Jacinto Cordeiro
Authors: Insúa Mariela
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo aporta un análisis de la comedia El hijo de las batallas (1630) de Jacinto Cordeiro, dramaturgo perteneciente al grupo de autores portugueses que escriben en castellano en la época de la Monarquía Dual (1580-1640). Se estudia la obra teniendo en cuenta su posible fuente de inspiración - El hijo Venturoso de Lope de Vega -, la relación entre el poder de las propias obras frente a la fuerza de la sangre, y su adscripción genérica híbrida, pues incluye elementos del género palatino y del drama de privanza.
El discurso judiciario sobre Don Sebastián y el cometa de 1577
Authors: M. Usunáriz Jesús
Published: February 2016

El cometa de 1577 ha pasado a la Historia asociado al rey Don Sebastián de Portugal (1578) y a los 'pronósticos' y valoraciones que se hicieron antes y después de su muerte. Además, los autores de estos trabajos participaron de los debates cientílicos del momento sobre la naturaleza de los cometas. No obstante, muchas de estas crónicas y relaciones que dieron noticia del paso del cometa contenían una intencionalidad política de justificación de los acontecimientos que se siguieron, especialmente de la unión de Portugal a la Monarquía Hispánica.
"¡Qué amables tus moradas..." (Salmo 84 [Vg 83]), de fray Pedro Malón de Echaide, y el modelo de fray Luís de León para la paráfrasis de los salmos bíblicos
Authors: Mata Induráin Carlos
Published: February 2016

En este artículo pretendo analizar una de las paráfrasis bíblicas contenidas en La conversión de la Madalena (Barcelona, Hubert Gotard, 1588), de fray Pedro Malón de Echaide. En la prosa de su tratado ascético el escritor agustino intercala una serie de poemas, la mayoría de los cuales son traducciones o, mejor dicho, paráfrasis exegéticas de distintos salmos bíblicos, en las cuales sigue como modelo las realizadas por su maestro fray Luís de León. Mi comentaria se centra en el poema que comienza "¡Qué amables tus moradas...", localizado en la "Parte primera del tratado de la Madalena" § 1, que es paráfrasis del Salmo 84 (Vulgata 83), "Quam dilecta tabernacula tua, Domine virtutum". Ofrezco una versión anotada del texto y comento su contenido y estructura, así como la técnica de la amplificatio utilizada por Malón de Echaide en su redacción y los principales recursos retóricos empleados.
Da Hermenêutica da Controvérsia Luterano-Católica ao Diálogo Contemporâneo. O 5.° Centenário das 95 Teses de Lutero
Authors: Rodrigues Manuel Augusto
Published: February 2016

A Federação Luterana Mundial e a Igreja Católica decidiram há algumas décadas rever a situação criada no séc. XVI com a ruptura da unidade da Igreja. Para este novo clima ecuménico muito contribuíram o trabalho de vários teólogos ao longo de largos anos e algumas decisões do Concílio Vaticano II (1962-1965). Entretanto foi criada uma comissão mista luterano-católica encarregada de proceder a uma reavaliação das posições tomadas pela Igreja de Roma e pelos reformadores desde o início da cisão consumada em 1517. Dos documentos emanados dos encontros havidos entre ambas as partes salientamos os dois últimos: a "Declaração conjunta sobre a Justificação" (1999) e "Do Conflito à Comunhão" (2013). A evocação em 2017 do 5° centenário das famosas 95 teses de Lutero justifica plenamente que se estude e analise a uma nova luz o que aconteceu no séc. XVI e depois ao longo da história. Teremos também presente o caso português com alguns exemplos da controvérsia instaurada.
Epiphytic mosses from the genera Orthotrichum s.l. and Nyholmiella in the Nízký Jeseník Mts (Northern Moravia, Czech Republic).
Authors: Číhal Lukáš , Kaláb Oto , Mrnková Michaela
Published: February 2016

The study presents the distribution of the genera Orthotrichum s.l. and Nyholmiella in the phytogeographical district 98. Nízký Jeseník, and follows the project carried out between years 2005 and 2009 in nearby phytogeographical district 97. Hrubý Jeseník. The total number of 57 locations was visited during the year 2015, and 142 samples of mosses were collected. Altogether, 9 species of genus Orthotrichum s.l. and 1 species of the genus Nyholmiella were recently recorded in the studied area. Lists of species and localities are given.
The current threat level of fish in river network of individual sea-drainage areas in the Czech Republic
Authors: Lusk Stanislav , Lojkásek Bohumír , Hanel Lubomír , Lusková Věra , Hartvich Petr
Published: February 2016

The assessment of changes in the population spread of individual ichthyofauna species (lampreys and fishes) as well as the identification of unfavourable impacts is the necessary prerequisite for the correct selection of corrective measures. The river network in the Czech Republic belongs to the three sea-drainage areas (North Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea). The species composition of the original ichthyofauna and the extent of the threat to some species differs in the individual sea-drainage areas. The original ichthyofauna in the Czech Republic consists of 4 lamprey species and 55 fish species. Out of this, only one lamprey species and 31 fish species originate in all three sea-drainage areas. There are 37 fish species considered as the original ones in the North Sea drainage area, there of 4 species are EX, 1 species EW, and 11 species (29.7%) are threatened. In the Baltic Sea drainage area, there are 4 species EX, 1 species EW, and 8 species (22.8%) threatened out of the total 35 assessed species. Out of 49 species in the Black Sea drainage area, there are 4 species EX and 23 species (46.9 %) threatened.

The most important reasons considered as the causes of the disappearance or reduction in the presence of some fishes are the water pollution, adjustments to water flow beds, the limitation of floods in alluvial areas, the permanent river basin fragmentation, and the spread of invasive species. Out of these factors, the only positive change has been noticed in the pronounced decrease in water flow pollution after 1990. Angling is also considered as the set of targeted bio manipulation which purposefully and often one-sidedly influences fish populations for the benefit of species being interesting for the angling sport.
Novelties in the roadside flora of Moravia and Silesia (Czech Republic) – 1. Spergularia media
Authors: Kocián Petr
Published: February 2016

The paper reports on a find of the short-lived perennial halophyte Spergularia media on the D1 motorway in NE Moravia, which is the second known record from motorways in the Czech Republic. Possible ways of introduction are shortly discussed.
Mountain species in the flora of the Sopotnia Wielka creek (Western Beskids, Poland)
Authors: Bartoszek Wacław , Barci Kinga , Stachurska-Swakoń Alina
Published: February 2016

The paper presents an analysis of mountain species occurrence in the Sopotnia Wielka creek, in the Beskid Żywiecki Mts (Western Carpathians, Poland). The list contains 55 plant species, which represent the whole altitudinal spectrum from piedmont to alpine zones (Viola biflora, Mutellina purpurea). The species inhabit mostly moist and wet communities along creek. They represent mainly the Alpic-Central-European distributional type. Three species are endemics for the Carpathians: Aconitum firmum subsp. firmum, Crocus scepusiensis, Dentaria glandulosa.
Determinants of occurrence of epiphytic mosses in the urban environment; a case study from Katowice city (S Poland)
Authors: Fojcik Barbara , Chruścińska Martyna , Nadgórska-Socha Aleksandra , Stebel Adam
Published: February 2016

Katowice is the largest city within the Upper Silesian Industrial District (S Poland). The investtigation conducted in this town earlier (1998-2000) showed limited number of epiphytic species. Recent study showed significant increase in number of localities of obligate epiphytes (mainly from the genera Orthotrichum and Ulota). They colonize mainly the edges of strongly urbanized areas bordering forest complexes and larger parks. This paper is an attempt to answer the question as currently in Katowice shape the main factors determining the occurrence of epiphytes. Crucial factors which govern epiphytes colonization processes in urban areas have been confirmed: bark chemistry (taking into account natural attributes and the influence of pollution) and air humidity. The preference of epiphytes towards inhabited phorophytes was confirmed as well. The most commonly and abundantly inhabited species were poplar and willow trees (which have a higher pH of bark).
Comparing the Effectiveness of a Short-Term Vertical Jump vs. Weightlifting Program on Athletic Power Development
Authors: Teo Shaun Y.M. , Newton Michael J. , Newton Robert U. , Dempsey Alasdair R. , Fairchild Timothy J.
Published: February 2016

Teo, SYM, Newton, MJ, Newton, RU, Dempsey, AR, and Fairchild, TJ. Comparing the effectiveness of a short-term vertical jump vs. weightlifting program on athletic power development. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2741–2748, 2016—Efficient training of neuromuscular power and the translation of this power to sport-specific tasks is a key objective in the preparation of athletes involved in team-based sports. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in center of mass (COM) neuromuscular power and performance of sport-specific tasks after short-term (6-week) training adopting either Olympic-style weightlifting (WL) exercises or vertical jump (VJ) exercises. Twenty-six recreationally active men (18–30 years; height: 178.7 ± 8.3 cm; mass: 78.6 ± 12.2 kg) were randomly allocated to either a WL or VJ training group and performance during the countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), depth jump (DJ), 20-m sprint, and the 5-0-5 agility test–assessed pre and posttraining. Despite the WL group demonstrating larger increases in peak power output during the CMJ (WL group: 10% increase, d = 0.701; VJ group: 5.78% increase, d = 0.328) and SJ (WL group: 12.73% increase, d = 0.854; VJ group: 7.27% increase, d = 0.382), no significant between-group differences were observed in any outcome measure studied. There was a significant main effect of time observed for the 3 VJs (CMJ, SJ, and DJ), 0- to 5-m and 0- to 20-m sprint times, and the 5-0-5 agility test time, which were all shown to improve after the training (all main effects of time p < 0.01). Irrespective of the training approach adopted by coaches or athletes, addition of either WL or VJ training for development of power can improve performance in tasks associated with team-based sports, even in athletes with limited preseason training periods.
Do Running Kinematic Characteristics Change over a Typical HIIT for Endurance Runners?
Authors: García-Pinillos Felipe , Soto-Hermoso Víctor M. , Latorre-Román Pedro Á.
Published: February 2016

García-Pinillos, F, Soto-Hermoso, VM, and Latorre-Román, PÁ. Do running kinematic characteristics change over a typical HIIT for endurance runners?. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2907–2917, 2016—The purpose of this study was to describe kinematic changes that occur during a common high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) session for endurance runners. Twenty-eight male endurance runners participated in this study. A high-speed camera was used to measure sagittal-plane kinematics at the first and the last run during a HIIT (4 × 3 × 400 m). The dependent variables were spatial-temporal variables, joint angles during support and swing, and foot strike pattern. Physiological variables, rate of perceived exertion, and athletic performance were also recorded. No significant changes (p ≥ 0.05) in kinematic variables were found during the HIIT session. Two cluster analyses were performed, according to the average running pace—faster vs. slower, and according to exhaustion level reached—exhausted group vs. nonexhausted group (NEG). At first run, no significant differences were found between groups. As for the changes induced by the running protocol, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between faster and slower athletes at toe-off in θhip and θknee, whereas some changes were found in NEG in θhip during toe-off (+4.3°) and θknee at toe-off (−5.2°) during swing. The results show that a common HIIT session for endurance runners did not consistently or substantially perturb the running kinematics of trained male runners. Additionally, although some differences between groups have been found, neither athletic performance nor exhaustion level reached seems to be determinant in the kinematic response during a HIIT, at least for this group of moderately trained endurance runners.