bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization and Clinical Relevance of m6A Regulators in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liu Qiwei , Li Zhen , He Lizhao , Li Ke , Chen Jialiang , Hu Cheng , Wang Jun , Zhou Fangjian , Li Yonghong , Xiao Hengjun
Published: November 2021

Background: Prostate cancer is a leading malignancy in the male population globally. N6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent mRNA modification and plays an essential role in various biological processes in vivo. However, the exact functions of m6A in metastatic prostate cancer are largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the relative role of m6A regulators in metastatic prostate cancer.Methods: This study used RNA-seq and clinical data of metastatic prostate cancer to elucidate the association between N6 methylation and metastatic prostate cancer.Results: Based on 21 m6A regulators associated with prognosis, two molecular subtypes of metastatic prostate cancer were identified. Surprisingly, we observed that each subtype had unique prognostic characteristics. We then identified two subtypes of tumours based on 2330 m6A phenotype-associated genes, and one subtype was related to dismal prognosis. Finally, based on m6A-associated genes, we constructed a prognostic model to predict the outcomes of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. We found that this prognostic model was significantly correlated with biological functions such as DNA repair and mismatch repair, and patients with high m6A scores may be appropriate candidates for pharmacy therapy targeted for DNA repair, such as PARPi.Conclusion: This work illustrated the nonnegligible role of m6A modification in the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer. Evaluating the m6A risk scores of individual tumours will guide more effective judgement of prognosis as well as treatments for metastatic prostate cancer in clinical practice.
The Impact of Climate Change on Climate Variables and Meteorological Drought Using the climate change Toolkit (CCT) in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran
Authors: Mokhtari Fahimeh , Honarbakhsh Afshin , Soltani Saeed , Abdollahi Khodayar , Pajoohesh Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Drought appears as an environmentally integral part of climate change. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of climate change on climate variables, meteorological drought and pattern recognition for severe weather conditions in the Karkheh River Basin in the near future (2043-2071) and the distant future (2072-2100). The outputs of GFDL-ESM2, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC and NoerESM1-M models were downscaled under the RCP 2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios using the Climate Change Toolkit (CCT) at 17 meteorological stations. Then the SPEI index was calculated for the base and future periods and compared with each other. The results showed that the basin annual precipitation will likely increase in both future periods, especially in the near future. The annual maximum and minimum temperatures may also increase especially in the distant future. The rise in the maximum temperature will be possibly greater than the minimum temperature. Seasonal changes in maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation indicate that the greatest increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation may occur in summer. Hence meteorological drought was also found to increase in the distant future. The application of the CCT model in the region showed that at least once a wet period similar to the flood conditions of 2019 will be observed for the near future. There will also be at least one similar drought in 2014 for the distant future in the region. However, in previous climate studies, future events have not been calculated based on identifying the pattern of those events in the past.
Proportions of Concentrate and Corn Silage Rehydrated Ground Grain at Different Storage Times for Better Use of Starch by Lambs
Authors: Guimarães Gilmara Santos , Azevedo José Augusto Gomes , Cairo Fernando Correia , Silva Cristiane Simplício da , Souza Lígia Lins , Nunes Flavia dos Santos , de Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto , de Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal , Silva Robério Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and bioeconomic potential of corn silage, rehydrated ground grain corn silage (RCGS), at different storage times associated with proportions of concentrates for better starch utilization by sheep. Forty Dorper-Santa Inês crossbred sheep were used, with an average body weight of 24 kg ± 3.9 kg, and an average age of 60 days. The sheep were confined for 63 days and distributed entirely at random with eight sets of repetitions and five experimental diets: Diet 1: ground corn dry; Diet 2: proportion of 850 g / kg of concentrate + rehydrated ground grain corn silage (RCGS) stored for 45 days; Diet 3: proportion of 650 g / kg of concentrate + RCGS stored for 90 days; Diet 4: RCGS stored for 45 days + 650 g/kg concentrate; Diet 5: RCGS stocked with 90 + 850 g/kg concentrate. As roughage, silage corn whole plant. Starch intake was higher (P<0.05) with the dry ground corn diet, however, digestibility was lower (P<0.05) for most nutrients compared to the RCGS diet. A smaller amount of starch was found in the feces of animals that received the RCGS diet. RCGS stored for 45 days and the diet with 650 g/kg of concentrate generates greater net income, increases nutrient intake, it is an alternative during the fluctuation of corn prices.
Misdiagnosis of COVID-19 Infection Before Molecular Confirmation in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Mustafa Hemn Muhammed , Abdulateef Darya Saeed , Rahman Heshu Sulaiman
Published: November 2021

Background: Currently, in the Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq, there are thousands of COVID-19 cases that have not been reported officially but diagnosed and confirmed by private laboratories and private hospitals, or clinicians based on typical clinical signs, as well as few people using home-self test after appearing of some flu-like clinical symptoms. Thus, this study aims to assess the misdiagnosis and mismanagement of cases before COVID-19 confirmation. Methods: This study is enrolled on 100 consecutive patients who visited an outpatient clinic of Shar Hospital that had symptoms highly suspicious of COVID-19 infection while misdiagnosed previously to have other types of disease. Detailed questionnaires were filled for all studied patients, including age, gender, main presenting symptoms, and duration of these symptoms with the following questions have been asked: who made the false diagnosis, depending on which diagnostic test the false diagnosis was made, which medication was used for the false diagnosis, who prescribed those medications, and how long those medications were used. They were investigated by RT-PCR on their nasopharyngeal swab for confirmation. Results: Most of the false diagnoses were typhoid (63%), influenza (14%), pneumonia (9%), gastroenteritis (5%), common cold (4%), brucellosis (4%), and meningitis (1%). Regarding the false diagnosis of cases, 92% were made by non-physician healthcare workers, and only 8% were made by physicians. All false diagnoses with typhoid, gastroenteritis, and common cold were made by non-physician healthcare workers, together with about half of the diagnosis of pneumonia and brucellosis, with statistically significant results (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We realized that some patients had been misdiagnosed before the COVID-19 infection confirmation. Their health conditions were improved drastically after correct diagnosis and treatment, and this research is considered the first research to be conducted in Iraq in this regard.
Recent Applications of Derivatization Techniques for Pharmaceutical and
Bioanalytical Analysis through High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Dogra Raghav , Mandal Uttam Kumar
Published: November 2021

Background:

Derivatization of analytes is a quite convenient practice from an analytical perspective. Its vast prevalence is accounted by the availability of distinct reagents, primarily pragmatic for obtaining desired modifications in an analyte structure. Another reason for its handiness is typically to overcome limitations such as lack of sensitive methodology or instrumentation.The past decades have witnessed various new derivatization techniques including in-situ, enzymatic, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and photochemical derivatization which have gain popularity recently.

Methods:

The online literature available on the utilization of derivatization as prominent analytical tools in recent years with typical advancements is reviewed. The illustrations of the analytical condition together with the structures of different derivatizing reagents (DRs) are provided to acknowledge the vast capability of derivatization to resolve analytical problems.

Results:

The derivatization techniques have enabled analytical chemists throughout the globe to develop an enhanced sensitivity method with the simplest of the instrument like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC, compared to more sensitive Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometer, is readily available and can be readily utilized for routine analysis in fields of pharmaceuticals, bioanalysis, food safety, and environmental contamination. A troublesome aspect of these fields is the presence of a complex matrix with trace concentrations for analyses. Liquid chromatographic methods devoid of MS detectors do not have the desired sensitivity for this. A possible solution for overcoming this is to couple HPLC with derivatization to enable the possibility of detecting trace analytes with a less expensive instrument. Running cost, enhanced sensitivity, low time consumption, and overcoming the inherent problems of analyte are critical parameters for which HPLC is quite useful in high throughput analysis.

Conclusion:

The review critically highlights various kinds of derivatization applications in different fields of analytical chemistry. The information primarily focuses on pharmaceutical and bioanalytical applications in recent years. The various modes, types, and derivatizing reagents with brief mechanisms have been ascribed briefly Additionally, the importance of HPLC coupled to fluorescence and UV detection is presented as an overview through examples accompanied by their analytical conditions.
Tuberculosis Infection Under Anti-TNF Alpha Treatment
Authors: Slouma Maroua , Athimni Salma , Dhahri Rim , Gharsallah Imen , Metoui Leila , Louzir Bassem
Published: November 2021

Background:

Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a life-changing treatment leading
to quality-of-life improvement. Nonetheless, this treatment is associated with a high risk of infection,
especially tuberculosis.

Objective:

Our study aimed to determine the frequency of active tuberculosis in our patients with
chronic rheumatic disease and treated with TNF-α.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study including patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and
Spondylarthritis diagnosed according to ACR/EULAR 2009 criteria and ASAS 2010, respectively,
and treated with biological agents for at least 6 months. We collected data regarding tuberculosis
screening and the occurrence of active tuberculosis during follow-up.

Results:

82 patients were included (37 men and 45 women). The mean age was 42 ± 3.4 years. At
inclusion, no patient had a medical history of tuberculosis. The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection
was established in 17 patients (20.7%). Prophylactic treatment was prescribed in all these
cases for three months. Two cases (2.4%) of active tuberculosis occurred under biologic (infliximab).
It was two severe forms of tuberculosis. The first case had miliary tuberculosis associated
with hepatic and peritoneal involvement. The second one had pleural tuberculosis. These two patients
received anti-tuberculosis therapy, and the biological treatment was interrupted. Given the
high disease activity, the anti-TNF-α was restarted after 3 and 4 months. There was no recurrence
of tuberculosis after 7 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:

The use of TNF-α blockers is associated with a risk of disseminated forms of tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis screening, which is recommended before the biological onset, is also necessary
under this treatment. Restarting the anti-TNF-α after appropriate treatment of tuberculosis seemed
to be safe.
Deep Learning Model for Protein Disease Classification
Authors: Mostafa Farida Alaaeldin , Afify Yasmine Mohamed , Ismail Rasha Mohamed , Badr Nagwa Lotfy
Published: November 2021

Background:

Protein sequence analysis helps in the prediction of protein functions. As the
number of proteins increases, it gives the bioinformaticians a challenge to analyze and study the similarity
between them. Most of the existing protein analysis methods use Support Vector Machine. Deep
learning did not receive much attention regarding protein analysis as it is noted that little work focused
on studying the protein diseases classification.

Objective:

The contribution of this paper is to present a deep learning approach that classifies protein
diseases based on protein descriptors.

Methods:

Different protein descriptors are used and decomposed into modified feature descriptors.
Uniquely, we introduce using the Convolutional Neural Network model to learn and classify protein
diseases. The modified feature descriptors are fed to the Convolutional Neural Network model on a dataset
of 1563 protein sequences classified into 3 different disease classes: AIDS, Tumor suppressor, and
Proto-oncogene.

Results:

The usage of the modified feature descriptors shows a significant increase in the performance
of the Convolutional Neural Network model over Support Vector Machine using different kernel functions.
One modified feature descriptor improved by 19.8%, 27.9%, 17.6%, 21.5%, 17.3%, and 22% for
evaluation metrics: Area Under the Curve, Matthews Correlation Coefficient, Accuracy, F1-score, Recall,
and Precision, respectively.

Conclusion:

Results show that the prediction of the proposed CNN model trained by modified feature
descriptors significantly surpasses that of Support Vector Machine model.
Naturally Occurring O-Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Avula Satya Kumar , Das Biswanath , Csuk Rene , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Proper efficient drugs are required to treat this deadly disease.
Natural products have long been a vital source of anticancer agents and they have generated various “lead compounds”
suitable for drug developments. With the recent advancement of chemical synthesis and bioevaluation techniques,
these lead compounds of natural origins have been utilized for the production of useful anticancer drugs. Among the
naturally occurring bioactive compounds, various O-heterocycles have been evaluated as remarkable cancer therapeutic
agents. These compounds generally possess unique structures and novel mechanisms of action.
In the present review article, some selected O-heterocycles as promoting anticancer agents have been discussed in
brief. Various natural sources and chemistry, as well as bioactivities of these compounds, have been described. The
development of improved analogues of these compounds through synthetic modifications and efficient bioevaluation,
along with proper studies on structure-activity relationship and mechanism of actions, has been mentioned. The article
has demonstrated the recent relevance of naturally occurring O-heterocyclic compounds in the current anticancer drug
discovery and development scenario.
Regulation of Cell Death Mechanisms by Melatonin: Implications in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Yanqing , Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Wang Zicheng
Published: November 2021

Cancer therapy is based on the killing of cancer cells using various therapeutic agents, such as radiation,
chemotherapy or targeted therapy drugs, and immunotherapy. Cancer cells may undergo apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe,
necrosis, autophagy, mitophagy, senescence, etc., depending on the therapeutic modality and nature of cancer cells.
Mutations in some critical genes, such as p53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor genes,
are associated with immune escape of cancer cells and tumor progression. Furthermore, the overexpression of some
genes. such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), nuclear factor of Kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is associated with the resistance of cancer cells to various types of cell
death. Melatonin is known as a circadian regulator hormone that has several anti-cancer properties. It has the ability to
activate tumor suppressor genes and attenuate the expression of survival genes in cancer cells. Modulation of cell death
or survival genes that have been disrupted or overexpressed in cancer cells can improve cancer therapy. In this review,
we explain the potential of melatonin in regulating various mechanisms of cancer cell death.
Phenomenology in Gerontology: From Philosophy to Method
Authors: Hamedanchi Arya , Zanjari Nasibeh , Khankeh Hamid Reza , Momtaz Yadollah Abolfathi
Published: November 2021

Background:

Ageing is a complex phenomenon, which can vastly influence
different dimensions of life. One of the main concerns in gerontology is
to understand how older adults experience ageing and its associated conditions.
The aim of this study was to determine the role of phenomenology as a qualitative
method in gerontology research.

Methods:

In this review study, we summarized the key concepts in gerontology,
reviewed the philosophy and methodology of phenomenology, presented both descriptive
and interpretive phenomenological methods, and highlighted the areas
which can be explored in ageing by phenomenology. We also presented some examples
for studying the lived experiences of older adults using phenomenological
methods.

Results:

People experience noticeable changes in their body, emotions and social
relations as they grow old. The biopsychosocial aspects of ageing are discussed
in gerontology as a growing interdisciplinary science. Phenomenology allows the
researchers to obtain a deep understanding of older adults ׳ lived experiences and
it can connect the investigators of this discipline to the inner world of ageing
adults.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that ageing is an important
experience in life, and phenomenological reflection on the lived experiences
of older adults can play a crucial role in increasing our knowledge about ageing.
Risk factors and stratification for sudden cardiac death using inflammation / metabolomics and high-resolution electrocardiograph
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi
Published: November 2021

It is difficult for health practitioners to clearly determine the risk of sudden cardiac death but only by determining the risk can risk factors be reduced or eliminated. Dr Atsushi Suzuki, Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan, is conducting exploratory
research on gene expression and high-resolution electrocardiogram index for predicting the effects of antiarrhythmic drugs in collaboration with the University's Department of Pathology and the University of Tokyo. Suzuki and the team are using blood tests and genetic tests, high-resolution
electrocardiograph (ECG) indicators and metabolome analysis in this work. Metabolome analysis has not previously been considered as a risk factor for sudden death and the high-resolution ECG indicators Suzuki and the team are using are currently only adopted in a few facilities, making this
research highly innovative. In order to develop a suitable risk assessment method and enable more accurate stratification of the risk of sudden cardiac death, the researchers are using a high-resolution ECG called DREAM-ECG to detect the arrhythmic matrix of heart failure patients and compare
this to the results of inflammation, T cell subset and comprehensive metabolome search. In addition the team is working to shed light on the causes of lethal arrhythmia. Furthermore, Suzuki wants to reduce incidence of the unnecessary implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators
(ICDs) and is seeking to accomplish this through his work.
Tolerance of cancer cells against amino acids deprivation in tumour microenvironments
Authors: Osawa Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2021

New approaches for treating cancers are required and advances in 'omics' technologies including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics could provide valuable treatment options. Associate Professor Tsuyoshi Osawa, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), University
of Tokyo, believes that integrative techniques are essential in combating cancer. Osawa's lab is utilising a pioneering approach called nutriomics that involves applying multiple omics technologies to cancer biology. These omics approaches can be used to generate detailed genetic and molecular
profiles of whole tumours, allowing researchers to discover important information about the tumour cells. In addition, they provide an opportunity to explore the healthy cells surrounding the tumour, thereby establishing a picture of the interactions between the tumour and the microenvironment
in which it exists, which is important information that could be exploited for treatments methods. Using the omics approach, the researchers have been able to identify and describe the functions of the metabolites contributing to the malignant progression of cancer cells. They found that hypoxia,
nutrient starvation and acidic pH all induce tumour aggressiveness by epigenetic regulation. Osawa and the team now want to identify further cancer metabolites that lead to malignancy and, ultimately, develop therapeutics for metastasis and recurrent advanced cancer from the viewpoint of an
integrative multiomics approach.
Спектроскопия высокого разрешения кристаллов, содержащих ионы переходных металлов (обзор)
Authors: Попова М.Н.
Published: November 2021

Дан краткий обзор работ по исследованию кристаллов, содержащих ионы металлов с незаполненной f- или d-оболочками, выполненных в Институте спектроскопии РАН методом фурье-спектроскопии высокого разрешения. Среди основных направлений исследований --- сверхтонкая структура в спектрах, изотопические эффекты, роль случайных деформаций, спектроскопия фазовых переходов, низкоразмерные магнетики, связанные электрон-фононные возбуждения. Ключевые слова: фурье-спектроскопия высокого разрешения, кристаллы с f- и d-ионами, сверхтонкая структура, изотопические эффекты, фазовые переходы.
Фазовая диаграмма и особенности поведения мягких мод в твердых растворах со структурой хантита TbFe-=SUB=-3-x-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-(BO_3)-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Крылов А.С. , Втюрин А.Н. , Гудим И.А. , Немцев И.В. , Крылова С.Н.
Published: November 2021

The Raman spectra of four crystals of TbFe3-хGax (BO3) 4 solid solutions (x from 0 to 0.54) were studied in the temperature range from 8 to 350 K. The temperatures of structural phase transitions were determined. The observed spectral behavior is characteristic to condensation and restoration of soft modes. Soft modes are associated with a structural phase transition from the R32 phase to the P3121 phase. The Compositions-Temperature phase diagram was constructed
Электрон-фононное взаимодействие в композитах с колллоидными квантовыми точками: исследование методами люминесцентной спектроскопии и комбинационного рассеяния света
Authors: Каримуллин К.Р. , Аржанов А.И. , Суровцев Н.В. , Наумов А.В.
Published: November 2021

The temperature-dependent luminescence spectra were analyzed to determine the parameters of the electron-phonon interaction (Huang-Rhys factor and the average phonon energy) for nanocomposites with colloidal CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (deposited on the surface of a glass substrate and embedded in a thin polymer film of polyisobutylene, and in a frozen colloidal solution in toluene). The measured values of the parameters are analyzed in comparison with model calculations and data obtained using the low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. It is found that in the case of a vitrified colloidal solution of quantum dots in toluene, the matrix effect leads to a noticeable change in the parameters of the electron-phonon interaction.
Evaluación de atributos cárnicos y de calidad de la canal en ganado Blanco Orejinegro
Authors: Ramirez Toro Edison Julian , Nieto Sierra David Felipe , Barragán-Hernández Wilson Andrés , Restrepo Castañeda Gonzalo de Jesús
Published: November 2021

Con el objeto de evaluar el rendimiento y la calidad de la carne en bovinos de la raza Blanco Orejinegro (BON), se utilizaros 77 machos (castrado y entero) y dos rangos de edad (20-30 y 30-36 meses). Se evaluó la ganancia de peso (GDP), área de ojo del lomo (AOL), espesor de grasa de la cadera (EGC), rendimiento de la canal caliente y fría, longitud de la canal (LC), perímetro de pierna, grado de osificación y acabado. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la calidad de la carne a diferentes días de maduración. Se utilizó ANOVA de efectos mixtos y componentes principales para el análisis de la información. Los resultados mostraron que la condición fisiológica, edad y la interacción de estos factores no afectaron significativamente (p > 0,05) la GDP, peso beneficio, AOL y EGC. La edad afectó significativamente (p < 0,05) el peso de la canal. Así mismo, la condición fisiológica afectó significativamente (p < 0,05) la LC, favoreciendo los animales castrados (+17cm). La edad de maduración tuvo efecto significativo sobre la terneza y el porcentaje de pérdidas por cocción (p < 0,05), con mejores registros a 21 días (2,75 kilogramo-fuerza) y 37 días (17 %), respectivamente. La carne de novillos BON presentó alta terneza, baja presencia de tejido conectivo y alta puntuación en jugosidad. Los resultados del presente trabajo evidencian un buen desempeño de la raza BON para la cadena cárnica.
OXIDATIVE STRESS CAUSED BY UV RADIATION AND THE USE OF FTIR METHOD TO STUDY ITS EFFECT ON THE BIOLOGICAL TISSUES
Authors: Andjelic Sofija
Published: November 2021

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the capacity of antioxidant ROS scavenging systems and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. It is connected with cell damage, such as lipid peroxidation of membranes. One important source of oxidative stress is UV radiation, which can come from the natural environment or artificial sources like welding. While sources of artificial UV radiation emit specific wavelengths depending on the application, occupational exposure to natural UV radiation has a continuous spectrum from 290 nm to 400 nm. Oxidative stress can be measured by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier Transform Infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. Oxidative effect of UV can be studied on human postoperative tissue. Here we show an in vitro study of the effect of UV C on the oxidative stress in human eye postoperative tissue.
Comparison of Staple Food Availability in Urban and Rural Households in Kabupaten Malaka
Authors: Nahak Falentina Adriana , Suek Johanna , Bernadina Lika
Published: November 2021

This study aims to investigate the differences staple food availability and household consumption patterns in urban and rural areas. This research took place in Kabupaten Malaka, with the sample of 60 urban households and 60 households chosen through random sampling. The obtianed data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results show that staple food availability respondents’ household were from the production of own farming, purchasing, and assistance from relatives. However, the availability of staple food did not support household consumption needs for 365 days (1 year). Staple food availability index in urban areas was 58.4, and the rural households reached 57.2. These numbers were far below the national index of 100. Analysis of z-tests showed significant differences in staple food availability between urban and rural households.
Design and Planning of The Porang Supply Chain in South Sumatra
Authors: Bidarti Agustina , Yulius Yulius , Purbiyanti Erni
Published: November 2021

The length of the existing porang (Amorphopallus Muelleri B) supply chain is causing a problem on porang farmers in South Sumatra. The purpose of this research was to construct a P4S Karya Tani porang supply chain with two evaluation steps. First beginning, identify the potential demand for porang in South Sumatra from either the demand and supply perspective. Second, consider the challenges of maximizing market demand in the porang supply chain in South Sumatra. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a philosophical approach to supply chain management theory. Based on the discussion, P4S as evaluated the porang supply chain design, determining that small and large traders must be eliminated as intermediaries, allowing them to sell porang raw materials direct to consumers and agro-industry enterprises that export porang. All elements, including that of the local government, Sriwijaya University, the corporate sector, and banking institutions, should be involved in the P4S porang supply chain planning. This collaboration is crucial in order to connect and transform the paradigm of direct sales to consumers, enabling P4S porang farmers to sell to the nearest consumer, PT PIP in South Lampung, via a contract farming system.
Los pastizales y matorrales de zonas áridas y semiáridas de México: Estatus actual, retos y perspectivas
Authors: Jurado-Guerra Pedro , Velázquez-Martínez Mauricio , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Ricardo Alonso , Álvarez-Holguín Alan , Domínguez-Martínez Pablo Alfredo , Gutiérrez-Luna Ramón , Garza-Cedillo Ruben Darío , Luna-Luna Miguel , Chávez-Ruiz Manuel Gustavo
Published: November 2021

El objetivo fue revisar el estado actual de los pastizales semiáridos y matorrales áridos del norte y centro de México, así como analizar los retos y perspectivas del uso de estos ecosistemas. Desde la década de los años 1950, el INIFAP en colaboración con otras instituciones han generado y transferido conocimientos sobre manejo de pastizales, lo cual se ha reflejado en el uso de prácticas de manejo en los ranchos ganaderos del país. Los pastizales y matorrales han sufrido disturbios, principalmente la apertura de tierras para cultivos y se encuentran deteriorados principalmente por el sobrepastoreo. La utilización de los pastizales y matorrales a través del pastoreo debería incluir una carga animal adecuada, sistemas de pastoreo y prácticas estratégicas de distribución del pastoreo. A pesar del deterioro, existe una gran diversidad de recursos genéticos, principalmente de pastos, que pueden ser utilizados para conservación y producción de semilla para rehabilitación de los pastizales. La resiembra, aunque de alto costo y riesgo, es una opción para rehabilitar aquellos pastizales o matorrales deteriorados. Estos ecosistemas pueden proporcionar servicios ambientales, principalmente captura de carbono para mitigar el cambio climático. Los retos son generar, transferir y aplicar conocimientos e innovaciones tecnológicas para lograr un manejo sostenible de los pastizales y matorrales, a pesar de algunas amenazas como la baja inversión en ciencia y tecnología, el cambio climático y la avaricia humana. Para lograr esto, es imprescindible la participación conjunta y comprometida de todos los actores e instituciones involucrados en el uso de estos ecosistemas.
Rehabilitación de praderas degradadas en el trópico de México
Authors: Enríquez Quiroz Javier Francisco , Esqueda Esquivel Valentín Alberto , Martínez Méndez Daniel
Published: November 2021

En México, se destinan alrededor de 108.9 millones de hectáreas a la actividad ganadera, que representan el 55.5 % del territorio nacional. La región del trópico cubre aproximadamente una cuarta parte de la superficie del país y en ella, la ganadería bajo pastoreo es una de las actividades económicas de mayor importancia. Se estima que, en al menos 24 estados del país, el número de cabezas de ganado, es superior a la capacidad de carga, en función de la producción de forrajes. Esta situación trae como consecuencia la degradación paulatina de las praderas y, por consiguiente, una disminución de su productividad. Una consecuencia de lo anterior es una reducción de los productos y servicios que se obtienen de ellas, como forraje, agua y áreas de recreación, asociado a una disminución en la producción de carne y leche. La investigación para la rehabilitación de praderas degradadas en el país es una actividad que se ha venido realizando en los últimos 10 años, enfocada principalmente a la eliminación de maleza por medios mecánicos y químicos, los cuales han dado resultados satisfactorios a corto plazo. Sin embargo, el problema de la degradación en México, al igual que en otros países tropicales, continúa por fallas en el manejo adecuado de las praderas, causados por una sobrecarga animal superior a la capacidad productiva que pueden mantener los forrajes bajo pastoreo. Esta revisión, presenta un panorama mundial y nacional de la degradación de praderas, enfocado principalmente a regiones tropicales, así como la presentación de los resultados de investigación desarrollados por el INIFAP para la recuperación de praderas, haciendo un análisis de las perspectivas en este tema a mediano y largo plazo.
El ganado bovino Criollo Coreño del occidente de México en la producción de carne: caracterización, retos y perspectivas
Authors: Martínez-Velázquez Guillermo , Ríos-Utrera Ángel , Palacios-Fránquez José Antonio , Vega-Murillo Vicente Eliezer , Montaño-Bermúdez Moisés
Published: November 2021

El objetivo fue presentar resultados generados en el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, sobre la caracterización productiva, genética y molecular del Criollo Coreño (C) de la Sierra Madre Occidental, así como los retos y perspectivas de investigación a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Se evaluaron 35 características de crecimiento, calidad de la canal, fertilidad y producción de leche, en bovinos C, Guzerat (G), CG y GC generados en cruzamiento dialélico, lo que reveló la influencia de la heterosis individual en la reproducción y producción de leche, así como de la heterosis materna en los kilogramos de becerro destetado por vaca en empadre. Los efectos genéticos directos y maternos no influyeron de manera relevante sobre las características analizadas. Se observó que toretes C alimentados con dietas energéticamente altas producen carne con perfiles favorables de ácidos grasos y canales de buena calidad, y que es factible utilizar dosis reducidas de FSH para la superovulación en vaquillas C sin afectar la producción de embriones. Los resultados señalan a las vacas GC como la mejor opción para producir becerros para engorda, entre los grupos genéticos evaluados. Los resultados muestran también que la población C mantiene niveles importantes de diversidad genética. Se recomienda, para las poblaciones mexicanas de bovino Criollo, realizar estudios de diversidad genética utilizando información genética molecular e integrar hatos para el registro sistemático de fenotipos relacionados con su productividad y adaptabilidad, y así poder identificar genes exclusivos de interés en esta población.
Emilio Dubois, una animita de santo de veneración popular
Authors: Rojas Victor
Published: November 2021

Emilio Dubois, una animita de santo de veneración popular es un ensayo en que se examinan las causas de la entronización de un fusilado como animita. Para ello se hace una breve teorización sobre categorías de animita y se exponen casos de fusilamientos que han generado y no han generado peticiones y mandas, para luego examinar las causas que han favorecido la gestación de la leyenda e historiar brevemente las circunstancias de los distintos emplazamientos del culto a Dubois y las obras populares y de arte que ha generado.
Caleta El Morro de Talcahuano: Sobrevivencia de una comunidad pesquera al tsunami de 2010 en Chile
Authors: Moussard Holzapfel Matilde , Carrasco Henriquez Noelia , Aliste Almuna Enrique , Ther Rios Francisco , Hidalgo Garrido Carlos
Published: November 2021

El presente trabajo grafica a través del conocimiento local la situación vivida en la caleta El Morro de Talcahuano durante el terremoto y tsunami de la madrugada del 27 de febrero de 2010. En este lugar donde la destrucción provocada por el tsunami fue prácticamente total, no se registraron muertes ni desapariciones entre los habitantes; situación más especial aun si consideramos que en sectores cercanos se cuenta una treintena de víctimas fatales y varias desapariciones. A través de una investigación etnográfica se evidencia el rol fundamental jugado por el conocimiento local en el proceso de configuración y activación de mecanismos de sobrevivencia. A partir de prácticas y saberes territoriales en conjunto con aspectos culturales de la comunidad pesquera estudiada, se constituyen respuestas adaptativas capaces de proteger las vidas de una comunidad entera.
El sufrimiento en la catástrofe. Orientaciones para una agenda de investigación en perspectiva relacional
Authors: Campos Medina Luis
Published: November 2021

En este artículo propongo una perspectiva relacional para la consideración del sufrimiento en la catástrofe. El propósito es programático, por lo cual describo la perspectiva conceptual, explicito supuestos e hipótesis y propongo una vía metodológica específica acorde a la conceptualización. La perspectiva conceptual propuesta supone tomar distancia respecto de la habitual consideración mentalista del sufrimiento, enfatizando las dimensiones socio-cultural y socio-espacial involucradas. Dicha perspectiva conceptual es interdisciplinar, ya que propongo articulaciones entre planteamientos provenientes de la geografía humana contemporánea, la sociología, la antropología y la historia. En el plano metodológico, la perspectiva relacional implica prestar atención a las prácticas, materialidades e interdependencias ligadas al sufrimiento y la catástrofe, para lo cual sugiero un abordaje etnográfico, acompañado de trabajo en archivos, entrevistas en profundidad, recorridos comentados y producción de cartografías. Concluyo indicando que destacar la relevancia del sufrimiento en la catástrofe implica intervenir sobre el debate público, intentando posicionar a quienes sufren como sujetos dignos de consideración por parte de los poderes públicos y del conjunto de la sociedad civil.
RESILIENCIA URBANA; APRENDER A HABITAR CON LAS AMENAZAS DE LA NATURALEZA La Experiencia del Terremoto y Tsunami de 2010 en las Costas del Bío Bío.
Authors: Baeriswyl Rada Sergio
Published: November 2021

Chile ha sido recientemente asolado por catástrofes naturales de gran magnitud, que han tenido como denominador común a las ciudades. Estos eventos naturales han dejado una huella de enorme destrucción, pero ante todo han desnudado una realidad urbana del país, que incomoda y de la cual incluso nos debiéramos sentir avergonzados.  En efecto, la destrucción de las ciudades costeras por el tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010, o el incendio en los cerros de Valparaíso de abril de 2014, son la evidencia alarmante de una política pública mal enfocada,  o bien, de la ausencia absoluta de ella,  en todo lo referente a planificación urbana y gestión de riesgos.   Es muy difícil comprender que un país como Chile, con una historia tan larga de catástrofes naturales, no haya forjado una cultura de la planificación urbana en coherencia con esta condición de nuestro territorio. Tenemos una gran experiencia en procesos de reconstrucción, pero pareciera que no hemos sido capaces de transformar éstas -con sus errores y aciertos- en aprendizajes, en métodos, en estrategias o políticas públicas con un enfoque urbano, capaz de entregarles a las ciudades mejores condiciones para sobrellevar las amenazas de la naturaleza. Esto debiera ser una de las principales preocupaciones de la planificación urbana en Chile, ya que la vulnerabilidad de las ciudades pone en juego lo más básico del bienestar y calidad de vida de las personas, cual es, la seguridad de sus vidas y de su patrimonio.
Jóvenes y TIC: repensando el agro
Authors: CENTENO MATIAS
Published: November 2021

En las últimas décadas, la globalización, la evolución de los mercados y los nuevos flujos poblacionales, entre muchos otros factores, ayudan a entender que lo rural y lo urbano son dos espacios que están más conectados de lo que muchos piensan. Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) están jugando un rol clave en esa situación.Las nuevas generaciones de productores no sólo incorporan estas tecnologías a su actividad, cambiando inclu-so muchos de los modos tradicionales de hacer agricultura, sino que también conciben a estos dos “espacios” como complementarios. Los teléfonos móviles, en especial, se constituyen como una excelente plataforma para conectar la “rurbanidad”, un concepto clave que ayuda a entender este tipo de espacios híbridos en donde lo rural y lo urbano son parte de una misma realidad.El presente trabajo ofrece un avance de la investigación desarrollada en Argentina, Estados Unidos y España, que busca comprender mejor cómo las TIC están impactando en las empresas de la agricultura familiar, foca-lizando en el rol que está jugando la juventud en un escenario complejo donde las transformaciones sociales están reconceptualizando las formas de hacer agricultura y redefiniendo trayectorias sociales, económicas y culturales de las sociedades en contextos híbridos.
Movilidad urbana y calidad de vida de las personas mayores en una ciudad vertical. El caso de Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: OLIVI ALESSANDRA , FADDA GIULIETTA , REYES VANIA
Published: November 2021

Chile se encuentra entre los países de América Latina que, a lo largo de la última década, han experimentado un intenso proceso de urbanización y una rápida transición demográfica hacia el envejecimiento. Con base en la observación directa de la vida cotidiana de las personas mayores, el presente artículo explora la interrelación que se establece entre el ambiente físico, el contexto social, los recursos personales y la movilidad de las per-sonas mayores. Los hallazgos de la investigación contribuyen a una mejor comprensión de: i. la combinación de factores que influencian las oportunidades de movilidad de las personas mayores; ii. los recursos y las es-trategias que los individuos ponen en marcha para superar las barreras y redefinir la relación entre los factores que limitan sus posibilidades de movilidad; iii. la relación entre movilidad, interacción social, envejecimiento activo y calidad de vida.
Marco teórico para una proyección marítima desde una perspectiva oceánica integrada
Authors: Marinovic Pino Milán
Published: November 2021

El dilema existencial que conlleva el fenómeno de la globalización y los efectos del impacto tecnológico, se hace explícito en la necesidad de una mirada sistémica para abordar la realidad marítima y la necesidad de asumir la interacción marítima con una conciencia moral asociado al desarrollo marítimo —objetivo de este trabajo— con una base existencial para una solución rápida al deterioro progresivo que se observa en las condiciones primarias de estabilidad social del mundo emergente.La visión sistémica de la interacción marítima y los conceptos de eco-océano, océano-política y mar presencial asumidos en términos relacionales y fundamentados en los principios vitorianos de la tesis sobre la paz dinámica, en cuanto al resto del papel de las Fuerzas Armadas paragarantizar la paz y las hipótesis de conflicto que surgen de las amenazas percibidas, sugieren la incorporación de una nueva teoría en términos de desarrollo.
Parque fluvial en quebrada San Francisco, Valparaíso
Authors: Bidart Santander Camila
Published: November 2021

La ciudad de Valparaíso presenta una serie de cuencas hidrográficas que emergen a partir de las altas pendientes de sus cerros en dirección al Océano Pacífico, y cuya morfología es capaz de brindar servicios eco-sistémicos. En particular, el sistema de cuencas generado a partir de la quebrada San Francisco resulta de especial interés, ya que actúa como un corredor biológico, teniendo así el potencial de preservar la biodiversidad local. Considerando estos atributos, y a raíz del descubrimiento de un sistema de recolección de aguas lluvias abandonado que tenía como fin encauzar las aguas de éste y de otros sistemas hidrográficos de la ciudad, se propone la construcción de un parque fluvial que enlaza la naciente de la cuenca San Francisco con su desembocadura en el barrio puerto. Este proyecto busca por un lado poner en valor el sistema de cuencas hidrográficas de la ciudad, y dar cuenta de sus propiedades ecológicas. Así también, se desea potenciar este hallazgo arqueológico, parte del patrimonio histórico de la ciudad, acogiendo el flujo natural de agua que dio origen a su construcción.
El paisaje de la Escuela de Derecho, Universidad de Valparaíso
Authors: Lara Aspee Carlos , Estay Cornejo Paulina
Published: November 2021

Este artículo trata del edificio de la Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad de Valparaíso, desde una descripción morfológica y de emplazamiento, destacando su vocación original, espacialidad y materialidad, realizando un rescate de su valor urbanístico, icónico, estético y de identidad a través de sus elementos arquitectónicos y paisajísticos. Luego, se asocian atributos del edificio que construyen el paisaje con la cualidad de dar forma a la luz y el espacio, comparando con la obra de James Turrell. Se infiere que la vivencia sensorial del paisaje que construye la Escuela de Derecho desde su entorno natural es el patrimonio fundamental que debemos preservar.
Las islas en un museo del continente. Colonialidad e imágenes del archipiélago de Juan Fernández
Authors: Carmona Jiménez Javiera
Published: November 2021

El Archipiélago de Juan Fernández ha sido objeto de interés para las comunidades científicas, artísticas, literarias y museológicas, originando desde el continente programas epistémicos e incluso paradigmas culturales que conforman un sistema para pensar la geografía insular, sus temporalidades y sujetos. En este artículo se analizan las imágenes sobre Juan Fernández de la exhibición permanente del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaíso, así como las pinturas sobre estas islas que son parte de la colección del museo. La narrativa visual insular se inscribe en un modelo de representación de la materialidad de los espacios insulares y los océanos como espacio negativo alrededor de los continentes. Las narrativas insulares en sus relaciones verbovisuales, lejos de ser periféricas en los procesos de conformación y consolidación de los nacionalismos y el Estado-nación moderno, desempeñan un rol significativo en la comprensión de la formulación de IMAGINARIOS NACIONALES.
Retail investors as stumbling blocks in bond restructuring: Evidence from bondholder meetings
Authors: Peter Valentin , Hachenberg Britta , Schiereck Dirk
Published: November 2021

Using a detailed database of meeting agendas, participation rates, and voting outcomes of bondholder meetings collected from bundesanzeiger.de, the official press releases of issuers, and the documents provided by Schutzgemeinschaft der Kapitalanleger as well as Deutsche Investoren Union, we analyze the determinants for successful bond restructurings under the German Bond Act. The law regulates bond restructuring in Germany and contains collective action clauses that intend to make the amendment of bond terms easy compared to the U.S. where these clauses are not common. We find that bond restructuring is relatively convenient under the German Bond Act, as the majority of restructuring attempts are successful. Applying ordinary least squares regression as well as a probit regression model, we explicitly focus on how bond holdings of retail investors impact bond restructuring and find that participation rates, the probability to constitute quorums in bondholder meetings, and most importantly, the probability to successfully amend bond terms, are negatively related to the degree of bond holdings of retail investors. Given that German corporate bond markets just recently opened up for retail investors through the introduction of mini-bond segments, bond issuers need to be aware that targeting retail investors reduces the ability to amend bond terms, which can be particularly relevant in times when issuers are faced with financial difficulties.