bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing investment into PropTech and FinTech – only new rules or a new game?
Authors: Kassner Andreas Joel
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Many studies have analysed the impact of various variables on the ability of companies to raise capital. While most of these studies are sector-agnostic, literature on the effects of macroeconomic variables on sectors that established over the last 20 years like property technology and financial technology, is scarce. This study aims to identify macroeconomic factors that influence the ability of both sectors and is extended by real estate variables.

Design/methodology/approach

The impact of macroeconomic and real estate related factors is analysed using multiple linear regression and quantile regression. The sample covers 338 observations for PropTech and 595 for FinTech across 18 European countries and 5 deal types between 2000–2001 with each observation representing the capital invested per year for each deal type and country.

Findings

Besides confirming a significant impact of macroeconomic variables on the amount of capital invested, this study finds that additionally the real estate transaction volume positively impacts PropTech while the real estate yield-bond-gap negatively impacts FinTech.

Practical implications

For PropTech and FinTech companies and their investors it is critical to understand the dynamic with mac-ro variables and also the real estate industry. The direct connection identified in this paper is critical for a holistic understanding of the effects of measurable real estate variables on capital investments into both sectors.

Originality/value

The analysis fills the gap in the literature between variables affecting investment into firms and effects of the real estate industry on the investment activity into PropTech and FinTech.
GODI India: a kickstart to innovative batteries for electric vehicle
Authors: Ahmad Tasneem , Krishna Vinita
Published: March 2024

Research methodology

The case is based on the data collected from various secondary sources only.

Case overview/synopsis

Godi India, a lithium-ion cell manufacturing company in India, was working to design e-cell for electric vehicles (EV) which would be compatible with Indian conditions and reduce the cost of battery to the extent possible because e-cell contributes half of the electric vehicle’s price. Godi India was set up in January 2020 by Mahesh Godi. Looking for opportunities in India after having worked in the USA for 17 years, Mahesh found that even with the rise in EV the lithium-ion cell manufacturing in India was almost zero. Using innovation as its main strategy, the start-up started its operation with a team of 30 scientists. The start-up already registered 25 patents under its name with few awaiting. Most of the EV companies relied on Chinese lithium-ion cell. Local lithium-ion cell manufacturing was believed to be the key for EV industry growth in a country. Central government production linked schemes worth INR 18,100 crore were signed by major players like Ola electric, Reliance new energy and Rajesh exports to develop locally manufactured advance cells. The push from the government for locally manufacturing the cells was a major trigger for the rise in the EV industry. The case provides the analysis of the strategies applied by the company to grow in the lithium-ion cell manufacturing industry.

Complexity academic level

This case can be used in strategic management, entrepreneurship and general management courses/modules at the Undergraduate and Postgraduate level.
Preparing for Government
Authors: Boston Jonathan
Published: March 2024

This article reviews a recent report by the Institute for Government on how opposition parties in the United Kingdom should prepare for power. The article comments on the distinctive constitutional context in the UK regarding government transitions, the provisions in The Cabinet Manual on access by opposition parties to the civil service prior to a general election, how opposition parties can make effective use of these access talks, and the specific challenges facing the Labour Party as it prepares for the prospect of a change of government later in 2024. It is argued that the current guidelines in The Cabinet Manual on access talks need clarification on several crucial matters, not least the timing of their commencement during a parliamentary term, which opposition parties should be eligible to participate, and under what conditions.
Sustainable development in a carbon‐conscious world: Quantile regression insights into CO2 emission drivers
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Patel Nikunj
Published: March 2024

In the face of mounting global concerns over climate change and its far‐reaching consequences, this research paper examines the effect of economic growth, natural resources, energy sources, trade, environment‐related technologies, energy intensity, and environmental tax on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study employs the Method of Moments Quantile Regression approach with data from 108 countries between 1990 and 2020. The empirical outcomes revealed a positive relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions, following an inverted U‐shaped pattern known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy intensity and the use of fossil fuels both raise CO₂ emissions, whereas environmental taxes and the generation of renewable energy significantly reduce carbon emissions, especially at higher quantiles. Hence, implementing higher environmental tax levels and promoting cleaner energy sources mitigate pollution. Trade and the development of environment‐related technologies appear to contribute to mitigating CO2 emissions, yet their statistical significance remains inconclusive. The findings emphasize the importance of sustainable development strategies that balance economic growth with environmental protection. Policymakers should prioritize promoting renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and reassessing environmental tax levels to align with climate change goals.
Windows on the Womb and Guiding Trains of Light: Figuring the Real in Plate XXVI of William Hunter's Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus
Authors: Bruce Susan
Published: March 2024

Eschewing the symbolic in favour of commitment to the unmediated replication of exactly that which is actually observed, Hunter's attitude to the images in his Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus embraces a juridical ideal of scientific representation: images should tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Contemporary scholars have questioned this appeal to objectivity, maintaining representation always exists inside culture and arguing gender frequently inflects purportedly neutral scientific vision. I extend that debate via a reading of Plate XXVI, which is frequently misunderstood as representing something completely different to what it actually depicts. Its sequence of images, I argue, chart a narrative of enlightenment wherein folk mythologies of the uterus are subdued by the controlling scientific gaze. I also suggest a previously unrecognised correspondence between Plate XXVI and one of the plaster casts of the dissected bodies preserved in the University of Glasgow's Anatomy Museum.
Association of perioperative transfusion of fresh frozen plasma and outcomes after cardiac surgery
Authors: Hinton Jake V. , Xing Zhongyue , Fletcher Calvin , Perry Luke A. , Karamesinis Alexandra , Shi Jenny , Penny‐Dimri Jahan C. , Ramson Dhruvesh , Coulson Tim G. , Segal Reny , Smith Julian A. , Williams‐Spence Jenni , Weinberg Laurence , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: March 2024

Background

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion is used to manage coagulopathy and bleeding in cardiac surgery patients despite uncertainty about its safety and effectiveness.

Methods

We performed a propensity score matched analysis of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Surgery Database including patients from 39 centres from 2005 to 2018. We investigated the association of perioperative FFP transfusion with mortality and other clinical outcomes.

Results

Of 119,138 eligible patients, we successfully matched 13,131 FFP recipients with 13,131 controls. FFP transfusion was associated with 30‐day mortality (odds ratio (OR), 1.41; 99% CI, 1.17–1.71; p < .0001), but not with long‐term mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 0.92; 99% CI, 0.85–1.00; p = .007, Holm–Bonferroni α = 0.0004). FFP was also associated with return to theatre for bleeding (OR, 1.97; 99% CI, 1.66–2.34; p < .0001), prolonged intubation (OR, 1.15; 99% CI, 1.05–1.26; p < .0001) and increased chest tube drainage (Mean difference (MD) in mL, 131; 99% CI, 120–141; p < .0001). It was also associated with reduced postoperative creatinine levels (MD in g/L, −6.33; 99% CI, −10.28 to −2.38; p < .0001).

Conclusion

In a multicentre, propensity score matched analysis, perioperative FFP transfusion was associated with increased 30‐day mortality and had variable associations with secondary clinical outcomes.
The influence of different cement spaces on the marginal gap of lithium disilicate crowns constructed by two scanner and milling unit combinations
Authors: Dudley J , Xu J
Published: March 2024

Background

This study compared the marginal gaps of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate (LDS) crowns constructed using a contemporary and older scanner/milling unit combination at three different cement spaces.

Methods

Twenty‐four undergraduate students prepared a Columbia model lower left first molar for an LDS crown in a simulated environment. From each crown preparation, one LDS crown was constructed using an E4D scanner/E4D milling unit (E4DS/E4DM) and TRIOS 3 scanner/Sirona inLab MC X5 milling unit (TRIO/MCX5) at cement space settings of 50, 100 and 200 μm. Each LDS crown was positioned onto the original crown preparation, and then a stereomicroscope was used to make three vertical marginal gap measurements at four locations (mid‐buccal, mid‐lingual, mid‐mesial and mid‐distal). The mean marginal gap (MMG) was calculated for each crown and each individual tooth surface.

Results

The MMGs of CAD/CAM LDS crowns constructed by TRIO/MCX5 were 72.31 at 50, 63.73 at 100 μm and 46.23 μm at 200 μm, which were smaller than E4DS/E4DM at each cement space.

Conclusions

Increasing the cement space decreased the MMG in both scanner/milling unit combinations. The smallest MMG was found using the newer scanner/milling unit at the 200 μm cement space. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.
Analysis of the sonographic predictors of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy in symptomatic cholelithiasis
Authors: Badawy Amr , Samer Bessa , Sabra Tarek
Published: March 2024

Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most common laparoscopic procedures performed by young surgeons nowadays. Sometimes, LC could be challenging, especially for junior surgeons leading to serious complications. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the preoperative ultrasonographic features that could predict difficult LC.

Methods

In this prospective study, patients (n = 204) who underwent LC for symptomatic cholelithiasis from January 2020 to August 2022 were included. Preoperative parameters, including the ultrasonographic findings, were evaluated for their ability to predict difficult LC.

Results

The difficulty of LC was evaluated using two intraoperative scores. Among the ultrasonic parameters that were assessed preoperatively, thickened gallbladder (GB) wall, contracted GB, and impacted stone in the GB neck were associated with difficult LC. However, an impacted stone in the GB neck was the only independent predictor of difficult LC according to both difficulty scores in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 7.56, p = .001; OR = 8.42, p = .001).

Conclusions

The impacted stone in the GB neck is an ultrasonographic sign of difficult LC. It should alert the surgeon for a more appropriate preoperative preparation, and the patient should be informed about the increased risk of complications, including conversion to open cholecystectomy.
Protocol of a randomised, controlled trial comparing immediate curative therapy with conservative treatment in men aged ≥75 years with non‐metastatic high‐risk prostate cancer (SPCG 19/GRand‐P)
Authors: Löffeler Sven , Bertilsson Helena , Müller Christoph , Aas Kirsti , Haugnes Hege Sagstuen , Aksnessæther Bjørg , Pesonen Maiju , Thon Kristian , Tandstad Torgrim , Murtola Teemu , Poulsen Mads Hvid , Nordstrøm Tobias , Vigmostad Maria Nyre , Ottosson Fredrik , Holmsten Karin , Christiansen Ola , Slaaen Marit , Haug Erik Skaaheim , Storås Anne Holck , Asphaug Lars , Rannikko Antti , Brasso Klaus ,   For the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) and the Norwegian Get‐Randomized (GRand) Initiative
Published: March 2024

Background

Older men (aged ≥75 years) with high risk, non‐metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) are increasingly treated with curative therapy (surgery or radiotherapy). However, it is unclear if curative therapy prolongs life and improves health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in this age group compared to conservative therapy, which has evolved considerably during the last decade.

Study Design

The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) 19/Norwegian Get‐Randomized Research Group‐Prostate (GRand‐P) is a randomised, two‐armed, controlled, multicentre, phase III trial carried out at study centres in Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.

Endpoints

The primary endpoints are overall survival and HRQoL (burden of disease scale, European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] Elderly Cancer patients). Secondary endpoints are PCa‐specific survival, metastasis‐free survival, role‐functioning scale (EORTC quality of life questionnaire 30‐item core), urinary irritative/obstructive scale (26‐item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite [EPIC‐26]), bowel scale (EPIC‐26), intervention‐free survival, PCa morbidity, use of secondary and tertiary systemic therapies, mean quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), and mean total healthcare costs.

Patients and Methods

A total of 980 men (aged ≥75 years) with non‐metastatic, high‐risk PCa will initially be screened with Geriatric 8 (G8) health status screening tool and Mini‐COG© brief cognitive test. Participants identified by G8 as ‘fit’ or ‘frail’ will be randomised (ratio 1:1) to either immediate curative therapy (radiotherapy or prostatectomy) or conservative therapy (endocrine therapy or observation). Participants who are unable or unwilling to participate in randomisation will be enrolled in a separate observation group. Randomised patients will be followed for 10 years.

Trial Registration

Ethics approval has been granted in Norway (457593), Denmark (H‐22051998), Finland (R23043) and Sweden (Dnr 2023‐05296‐01). The trial is registered on Clinicaltrials.org (NCT05448547).
Microglial activation in the lateral amygdala promotes anxiety‐like behaviors in mice with chronic moderate noise exposure
Authors: Peng Xiaoqi , Mao Yunfeng , Liu Yehao , Dai Qian , Tai Yingju , Luo Bin , Liang Yue , Guan Ruirui , Zhou Wenjie , Chen Lin , Zhang Zhi , Shen Guoming , Wang Haitao
Published: March 2024

Background

Long‐term non‐traumatic noise exposure, such as heavy traffic noise, can elicit emotional disorders in humans. However, the underlying neural substrate is still poorly understood.

Methods

We exposed mice to moderate white noise for 28 days to induce anxiety‐like behaviors, measured by open‐field, elevated plus maze, and light–dark box tests. In vivo multi‐electrode recordings in awake mice were used to examine neuronal activity. Chemogenetics were used to silence specific brain regions. Viral tracing, immunofluorescence, and confocal imaging were applied to define the neural circuit and characterize the morphology of microglia.

Results

Exposure to moderate noise for 28 days at an 85‐dB sound pressure level resulted in anxiety‐like behaviors in open‐field, elevated plus maze, and light–dark box tests. Viral tracing revealed that fibers projecting from the auditory cortex and auditory thalamus terminate in the lateral amygdala (LA). A noise‐induced increase in spontaneous firing rates of the LA and blockade of noise‐evoked anxiety‐like behaviors by chemogenetic inhibition of LA glutamatergic neurons together confirmed that the LA plays a critical role in noise‐induced anxiety. Noise‐exposed animals were more vulnerable to anxiety induced by acute noise stressors than control mice. In addition to these behavioral abnormalities, ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba‐1)‐positive microglia in the LA underwent corresponding morphological modifications, including reduced process length and branching and increased soma size following noise exposure. Treatment with minocycline to suppress microglia inhibited noise‐associated changes in microglial morphology, neuronal electrophysiological activity, and behavioral changes. Furthermore, microglia‐mediated synaptic phagocytosis favored inhibitory synapses, which can cause an imbalance between excitation and inhibition, leading to anxiety‐like behaviors.

Conclusions

Our study identifies LA microglial activation as a critical mediator of noise‐induced anxiety‐like behaviors, leading to neuronal and behavioral changes through selective synapse phagocytosis. Our results highlight the pivotal but previously unrecognized roles of LA microglia in chronic moderate noise‐induced behavioral changes.
Does complete pathological response increase perioperative morbidity risk in rectal cancer?
Authors: Tiang Thomas K. S. , Yeoh Adrian S. S. , Othman Bushra , Mohan Helen M. , Burgess Adele N. , Smart Philip J. , Proud David M.
Published: March 2024

Aim

The optimal management of patients with clinical complete response after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer is controversial. The aim of this study is to compare the morbidity between patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who have had a pathological complete response (pCR) or not after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME). The study hypothesis was that pCR may impact the surgical complication rate.

Method

A retrospective cohort study was conducted of a prospectively maintained database in Australia and New Zealand, the Binational Colorectal Cancer Audit, that identified patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (<15 cm from anal verge) from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. Patients were included if they had locally advanced rectal cancer and had undergone NCRT and proceeded to surgical resection.

Results

There were 4584 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria, 65% being male. The mean age was 63 years and 11% had a pCR (ypT0N0). TME with anastomosis was performed in 67.8% of patients, and the majority of the cohort received long‐course radiotherapy (81.7%). Both major and minor complications were higher in the TME without anastomosis group (17.3% vs. 14.7% and 30.6% vs. 20.8%, respectively), and the 30‐day mortality was 1.31%. In the TME with anastomosis group, pCR did not contribute to higher rates of surgical complications, but male gender (p < 0.0012), age (p < 0.0001), preoperative N stage (p = 0.0092) and American Society of Anesthesologists (ASA) score ≥3 (p < 0.0002) did. In addition, pCR had no significant effect (p = 0.44) but male gender (p = 0.0047) and interval to surgery (p = 0.015) contributed to higher rates of anastomotic leak. In the TME without anastomosis cohort, the only variable that contributed to higher rates of complications was ASA score ≥3 (p = 0.033).

Conclusion

Patients undergoing TME dissection for rectal cancer following NCRT showed no difference in complications whether they had achieved pCR or not.
‘‘A dream of guru came to me’’: Meanings of dreaming about spiritual teacher for Chinese Indonesian Buddhists
Authors: Khu Stanley , Khumairoh Izmy
Published: March 2024

Based on an ethnographic study among Chinese Indonesians who practice Tibetan Buddhism, we analyze doctrinal beliefs and meanings associated with the appearance of spiritual teacher in dreams. The most common meanings conveyed in their narratives were the beliefs that Guru‐related dreams signify successful spiritual practice, a prophetic insight into future events, and an encouragement for further endeavor in spiritual practice. For a significant number of them, these meanings centered around the precarious feeling of being perceived as the source of the nation's problem. Analyzing the dynamic of these positive/optimistic meanings and negative/pessimistic feelings with regard to Guru‐related dreams, we conclude that both represent the ongoing negotiation between spirituality and ethnic belonging and are connected to the soteriological project of forging a new ethical self.
Genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of innate immune mechanisms in autoinflammatory diseases
Authors: Merlo Pich Laura M. , Ziogas Athanasios , Netea Mihai G.
Published: March 2024

Dysregulation and hyperactivation of innate immune responses can lead to the onset of systemic autoinflammatory diseases. Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases are caused by inborn genetic errors and based on molecular mechanisms at play, can be divided into inflammasomopathies, interferonopathies, relopathies, protein misfolding, and endogenous antagonist deficiencies. On the other hand, more common autoinflammatory diseases are multifactorial, with both genetic and non‐genetic factors playing an important role. During the last decade, long‐term memory characteristics of innate immune responses have been described (also called trained immunity) that in physiological conditions provide enhanced host protection from pathogenic re‐infection. However, if dysregulated, induction of trained immunity can become maladaptive, perpetuating chronic inflammatory activation. Here, we describe the mechanisms of genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of the innate immune system and maladaptive trained immunity that leads to the onset and perpetuation of the most common and recently described systemic autoinflammatory diseases.
Antagonizing roles of SHP1 in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Chen Si , Zhao Huilin , Tian Yue , Wu Qianwen , Zhang Jianhui , Liu Shuzhen , Zhang Ying , Wu Yulong , Li Boqing , Chen Shu , Wang Zhiqiang , Xiao Ruoyu , Ji Xiaofei
Published: March 2024

Background

SHP1 has been documented as a tumor suppressor and it was thought to play an antagonistic role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. In this study, the exact mechanism of this antagonistic action was studied.

Materials and Methods

AGS, MGC803, and GES‐1 cells were infected with H. pylori, intracellular distribution changes of SHP1 were first detected by immunofluorescence. SHP1 overexpression and knockdown were then constructed in these cells to investigate its antagonistic roles in H. pylori infection. Migration and invasion of infected cells were detected by transwell assay, secretion of IL‐8 was examined via ELISA, the cells with hummingbird‐like alteration were determined by microexamination, and activation of JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/Akt, and ERK pathways were detected by immunoblotting. Mice infection model was established and gastric pathological changes were evaluated. Finally, the SHP1 activator sorafenib was used to analyze the attenuating effect of SHP1 activation on H. pylori pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

Results

The sub‐localization of SHP1 changed after H. pylori infection, specifically that the majority of the cytoplasmic SHP1 was transferred to the cell membrane. SHP1 inhibited H. pylori‐induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway, PI3K/Akt pathway, nuclear translocation of NF‐κB, and then reduced EMT, migration, invasion, and IL‐8 secretion. In addition, SHP1 inhibited the formation of CagA‐SHP2 complex by dephosphorylating phosphorylated CagA, reduced ERK phosphorylation and the formation of CagA‐dependent hummingbird‐like cells. In the mice infection model, gastric pathological changes were observed and increased IL‐8 secretion, indicators of cell proliferation and EMT progression were also detected. By activating SHP1 with sorafenib, a significant curative effect against H. pylori infection was obtained in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

SHP1 plays an antagonistic role in H. pylori pathogenesis by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways, NF‐κB nuclear translocation, and CagA phosphorylation, thereby reducing cell EMT, migration, invasion, IL‐8 secretion, and hummingbird‐like changes.
The effect of a training program on adolescents' stress levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors during the Covid‐19 pandemic: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Tar Bolacali Edanur , Kaya Şenol Derya
Published: March 2024

Topic

Adolescence is the period when people adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors and turn them into habits. Healthy lifestyle behaviors are a significant step toward a long and healthy life.

Purpose

This study investigated the effect of a training program on adolescents' stress levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This randomized controlled study was conducted between May and July 2021. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents living in a city in the south of Turkey. Participants were randomized into intervention and control groups using block randomization. The intervention group participated in an online (Zoom) training program consisting of two 45 min sessions once a week for 8 weeks. Data were collected using the adolescent stress questionnaire (ASQ) and the adolescent lifestyle profile (ALP).

Results

The results showed that 73% (n: 73) of the participants had developed hygiene habits since the onset of the pandemic. However, the pandemic negatively affected participants' dietary habits (45%, n: 45), physical activity (70%, n: 70), coping mechanisms (68%, n: 68), sleep patterns (54%, n: 54), Internet/social media/video game addiction (64%, n: 64), and interpersonal relationships (57%, n: 57). The intervention group had a lower mean ASQ posttest score and a higher mean ALP posttest score than the control group. The intervention group had a lower mean ASQ posttest score than their pretest score. The intervention group also had a higher mean ALP posttest score than their pretest score.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice

The training program helped adolescents feel less stress and adopt more healthy lifestyle behaviors. Pediatric nurses should identify risk factors and design and implement appropriate plans to help adolescents go through future pandemics with as little damage as possible. Parents and educators should support adolescents against the adverse impacts of events such as the COVID 19 pandemic.
Prognostic value of inflammation‐related biomarkers in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cui Ling‐Jun , Yu Fu‐Huan , Cheng Zi‐Xuan , Su Fei , Chen Ying‐Ying , Tan Huang‐Ying
Published: March 2024

Hematological indicators of chronic systemic inflammation are significant biomarkers for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP‐NENs). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the impact of certain factors on the overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) of patients with GEP‐NENs. These factors include the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. After searching the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 2000 to October 20, 2022 and the American Society of Clinical Oncology conference proceedings from January 1, 2017, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify the origins of heterogeneity and examine the impact of factor grouping. The effects of the cut‐off values and sample size were assessed by meta‐regression. The results revealed that higher NLRs, PLRs, and CRP levels were associated with shorter OS (HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.55–2.8; HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.40–2.28; and HR = 2.88, 95% CI = 2.09–3.95, respectively; all p < 0.001). Higher NLRs and lower LMRs were associated with shorter DFS (HR = 3.34, 95% CI = 2.11–5.29 and HR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.27–3.24, respectively; both p < 0.001). Higher PLRs and CRP levels were correlated with shorter PFS (HR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.34–9.03, p = 0.01 and HR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.63–6.08, p = 0.001). As demonstrated in the research, hematological indicators of systemic inflammation are promising biomarkers for GEP‐NEN assessment.
The olfactory bulb: A neuroendocrine spotlight on feeding and metabolism
Authors: Stark Romana
Published: March 2024

Olfaction is the most ancient sense and is needed for food‐seeking, danger protection, mating and survival. It is often the first sensory modality to perceive changes in the external environment, before sight, taste or sound. Odour molecules activate olfactory sensory neurons that reside on the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity, which transmits this odour‐specific information to the olfactory bulb (OB), where it is relayed to higher brain regions involved in olfactory perception and behaviour. Besides odour processing, recent studies suggest that the OB extends its function into the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Furthermore, numerous hormone receptors associated with appetite and metabolism are expressed within the OB, suggesting a neuroendocrine role outside the hypothalamus. Olfactory cues are important to promote food preparatory behaviours and consumption, such as enhancing appetite and salivation. In addition, altered metabolism or energy state (fasting, satiety and overnutrition) can change olfactory processing and perception. Similarly, various animal models and human pathologies indicate a strong link between olfactory impairment and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, understanding the nature of this reciprocal relationship is critical to understand how olfactory or metabolic disorders arise. This present review elaborates on the connection between olfaction, feeding behaviour and metabolism and will shed light on the neuroendocrine role of the OB as an interface between the external and internal environments. Elucidating the specific mechanisms by which olfactory signals are integrated and translated into metabolic responses holds promise for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and interventions aimed at modulating appetite and promoting metabolic health.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of vitiligo treatment with micro‐needling combined with N‐Acetylcysteine and micro‐needling alone: A double‐blinded randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Atefi Najmolsadat , Ziaeifar Elham , Seirafianpour Farnoosh , Sadeghzadeh‐Bazargan Afsaneh , Amin Nazila Ghoreishi , Mozafarpoor Samaneh , Abouie Abolfazl , Jafari Mohammad Amin , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Vitiligo is a skin pigmentation disorder caused by the selective degradation of melanocytes. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of microneedling with and without N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) in patients with persistent and limited vitiligo.

Method

This research employed a clinical trial design with double‐blind randomization. Individuals affected by vitiligo and seeking treatment at Rasool Akram Medical Complex were divided into two separate treatment groups. In the intervention group, 24 affected areas underwent meso‐microneedling using 5% NAC ampoules over six sessions, in addition to the application of 4.7% NAC cream once daily on the specified area. Conversely, the control group, consisting of 22 lesions, underwent microneedling using distilled water during six sessions. The severity of lesions and the extent of repigmentation were gauged using the Modified VETI Score. Assessment of treatment efficacy was determined through both physician evaluations and patient feedback.

Results

Twenty patients with a mean age of 36.4 years were recruited. The mean percentage of lesions and their intensity were significantly improved 2 weeks after the third session and 1 month after the end of the treatment (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Gender, age, family history, duration of disease, duration of disease stability, and history of hypothyroidism had no statistically significant relationship with patients' treatment outcomes (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Microneedling with or without the application of NAC appears to be an effective treatment option for persistent vitiligo lesions. However, despite the higher improvement rate with the application of NAC, the difference was not significant.
Disruptions to sleep and circadian rhythms are associated with poorer athlete mental health in female, but not male, elite Australian Rules footballers
Authors: Mascaro Luis , Leota Josh , Hoffman Daniel , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. , Drummond Sean P. A. , Facer‐Childs Elise R.
Published: March 2024

Elite athletes are vulnerable to sleep and circadian disruption and associated mental health symptoms. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and mental health, as well as the moderating role of sex in the prediction of mental health, among male professional and female semi‐professional elite athletes. Participants were 87 elite Australian Rules football (ARF) athletes (43% female; mean [standard deviation] age 24.0 [4.1] years). Participants completed baseline questionnaires, 2 weeks of sleep/wake monitoring via actigraphy, and a circadian phase assessment (dim‐light melatonin onset [DLMO]). Cross‐sectional data were collected in training‐only Australian Football League (AFL) Men's and Women's pre‐season periods, with 53 providing data in two pre‐seasons. Female athletes, relative to males, reported poorer mental health (a higher athlete psychological strain score), had a later mid‐sleep time (by 28 min), reported a greater preference towards eveningness, and displayed a later circadian phase (by 33 min). For female athletes, lower sleep efficiency and lower sleep regularity were associated with poorer mental health. For female athletes, there were U‐shaped relationships between both morningness–eveningness and phase angle (interval between sleep onset and DLMO time) and mental health. No significant relationships were found for male athletes. In summary, elite female ARF athletes reported poorer mental health, relative to males, especially when experiencing sleep or circadian disruption. Lifestyle factors associated with sex differences in ARF professionalism (scheduling, finances, supports) may contribute to these findings. Programmes to improve sleep, circadian alignment, and mental health among female semi‐professional elite athletes should be strongly considered.
Plant spectral diversity from high‐resolution multispectral imagery detects functional diversity patterns in coastal dune communities
Authors: Beccari Eleonora , Pérez Carmona Carlos , Tordoni Enrico , Petruzzellis Francesco , Martinucci Davide , Casagrande Giulia , Pavanetto Nicola , Rocchini Duccio , D'Antraccoli Marco , Ciccarelli Daniela , Bacaro Giovanni
Published: March 2024

Question

Remote sensing is a fundamental tool to monitor biodiversity and spectral diversity may represent a proxy for different biodiversity facets such as taxonomic (TD) and functional diversity (FD). We used fine‐resolution multispectral imagery to explore spectral diversity (SD) patterns across spatial scales (i.e., plot, transect, area), and assess SD relationships with TD and FD along an environmental gradient.

Location

Coastal sand dune, Viareggio, Italy (“Migliarino–San Rossore–Massaciuccoli” Regional Park, 43°83′ N, 10°25′ E).

Methods

We measured TD as species richness, while SD and FD were computed using probability density functions based on pixel and species position in multivariate spaces. We compared SD and FD patterns in space occupation, and we tested whether these patterns are coordinated along the sea–inland gradient. We also assessed univariate relationships between SD and biodiversity facets, and we tested how these facets were partitioned across scales.

Results

We found a strong correspondence between functional and spectral patterns in space occupation and along the environmental gradient, with a lack of significance when considering TD. However, TD and SD showed higher variation at broader scale while most FD variation occurred at plot level.

Conclusion

By measuring FD and SD with a common methodological framework, we demonstrate that SD approximates functional patterns in plant communities. Moreover, we show that SD retrieved using high‐resolution images can capture different aspects of FD, and that the occupation of the spectral space is analogous to the occupation of the functional space.
Improved growth, body composition, and fatty acid composition in striped catfish juveniles, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, fed with diets containing different oil sources
Authors: Van Nguyen Nguyen , Hao Pham Nhu , Hai Pham Duy , Hung Le Thanh
Published: March 2024

Striped catfish are one of the main aquaculture species in Asia. However, the low level of omega‐3 fatty acids in its body makes this species less attractive compared with marine fish. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different oils on growth performance, body composition, and fatty acids in striped catfish juveniles. A basal diet (T0) was formulated to contain no oil, while four other diets (T1, T2, T3, and T4) were supplemented at 4% with different oils, including salmon oil (SALO), soybean oil (SBO), linseed oil (LSO), and rapeseed oil (RSO). Catfish juveniles with initial body weight (23–24 g/fish) were randomly stocked in 500‐L fiberglass tanks, divided into five treatments, three replicates for each, and fed the experimental diets for 60 days. Results from this study revealed that fish fed the LSO‐supplemented diet had significantly (p < 0.05) improved whole body omega‐3 (alpha‐linoleic acid, 18:3n3) fatty acid levels (7.86%), total n‐3 fatty acids (9.12%), and higher growth than those fed the other diets. In conclusion, the findings suggest that linseed oil can be used to improve growth, omega‐3 fatty acid, C18:3–3 (ALA), and total n‐3 PUFA deposition in the whole body of striped catfish juveniles.
Optimizing smartphone psychotherapy for depressive symptoms in patients with cancer: Multiphase optimization strategy using a decentralized multicenter randomized clinical trial (J‐SUPPORT 2001 Study)
Authors: Akechi Tatsuo , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Noma Hisashi , Iwata Hiroji , Toyama Tatsuya , Higaki Kenji , Matsuoka Hiromichi , Zenda Sadamoto , Iwatani Tsuguo , Akahane Kazuhisa , Inoue Akira , Sagara Yasuaki , Uchida Megumi , Imai Fuminobu , Momino Kanae , Imaizumi Gen , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Mashiko Tomoe , Miyaji Tempei , Horikoshi Masaru , Sakurai Naomi , Onishi Tatsuya , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Murata Takeshi , Wanifuchi‐Endo Yumi , Kuroda Hiroaki , Nishikawa Ryutaro , Miyashita Minoru , Abe Masakazu , Uchitomi Yosuke ,   J‐SUPPORT 2001 Study group
Published: March 2024

Aim

Patients with cancer experience various forms of psychological distress, including depressive symptoms, which can impact quality of life, elevate morbidity risk, and increase medical costs. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are effective for reducing depressive symptoms among patients with cancer, but most patients prefer psychotherapy. This study aimed to develop an efficient and effective smartphone psychotherapy component to address depressive symptom.

Methods

This was a decentralized, parallel‐group, multicenter, open, individually randomized, fully factorial trial. Patients aged ≥20 years with cancer were randomized by the presence/absence of three cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) skills (behavioral activation [BA], assertiveness training [AT], and problem‐solving [PS]) on a smartphone app. All participants received psychoeducation (PE). The primary outcome was change in the patient health questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) total score between baseline and week 8. Secondary outcomes included anxiety.

Results

In total, 359 participants were randomized. Primary outcome data at week 8 were obtained for 355 participants (99%). The week 8 PHQ‐9 total score was significantly reduced from baseline for all participants by −1.41 points (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.89, −0.92), but between‐group differences in change scores were not significant (BA: −0.04, 95% CI −0.75, 0.67; AT: −0.16, 95% CI −0.87, 0.55; PS: −0.19, 95% CI −0.90, 0.52).

Conclusion

As the presence of any of the three intervention components did not contribute to a significant additive reduction of depressive symptoms, we cannot make evidence‐based recommendations regarding the use of specific smartphone psychotherapy.
Protein and lipid nutrition in crabs
Authors: Esmaeili Noah , Ma Hongyu , Kadri Sunil , Tocher Douglas R.
Published: March 2024

Understanding the nutrition of crabs has a key role in ensuring the success and sustainability of their culture, as providing a well‐balanced, cost‐effective and sustainable diet that ensures the survival, growth and health of crabs is crucial. The present review is the first to focus primarily on the current state of knowledge of the nutrient requirements and related nutritional aspects in farmed crab species. The most common farmed and studied crabs are the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis Milne‐Edwards, 1853), giant mud crab (Scylla serrata Forsskal, 1775), green mud crab (Scylla paramamosain Estampador, 1949) and swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus Miers, 1876). The article reviews how levels of dietary protein and lipid, the two most important and expensive macronutrient ingredients for most marine animals, directly affect reproduction, growth performance and survival of crabs, and the important impacts they have on immune response and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids, especially the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as key lipid classes such as cholesterol and phospholipid will be discussed in terms of dietary requirements. Nutrient digestibility is a crucial method to determine protein quality, and studies on this topic in crabs were covered. The replacement of fishmeal and fish oil, as the predominant ingredients traditionally used in aquafeeds for marine animals, with more sustainable alternatives in diet formulations for crabs are also discussed. Modern ‘omics’ studies and high‐throughput technologies as fast‐growing approaches in protein and lipid research are also covered. Crabs generally require approximately 35%–50% protein, 5%–10% lipid, ~2.5% arginine, ~2.5% lysine, 1.5%–2.5% phenylalanine, 2.2% leucine, 0.7% tryptophan, 0.7% taurine, 1%–2% each of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, 1% cholesterol and ~2% phospholipid in their diets.
Age‐related changes in testicular histological structure, testosterone level, libido and semen traits in male Coturnix quail
Authors: Roshdy Mohamed , Hanafy Ahmed M. , Khalil Hassan A. , Siam Salwa M. , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. , Swelum Ayman A. , Suliman Gamaleldin M. , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Mady Mohamed E.
Published: March 2024

To investigate the effect of age in male quail on testicular weight and histology, sexual libido and semen characteristics, a study was performed on 100 quails at 10, 16, 22, 28 and 34 weeks of age. The body and testicular weights were significantly (p < .05) higher at 16 and 22 than at 28 weeks of age. The circumference and diameter of the seminiferous tubules were significantly (p < .05) higher at 28 and 34 than at 10 and 16 weeks of age. Histological evaluation of testicular slices revealed advanced and effective seminiferous tubes as early as 10 weeks, while spermatogenic activity peaked at 16 weeks of age. The highest semen volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration were observed at weeks of age and then decreased gradually with age. At the same time, the testosterone level and libido were significantly (p < .05) higher at 22 than at 10 weeks of age. Furthermore, the age was positive (p < .05), correlated to seminiferous tubule circumference and diameter, and negative (p < .05), correlated to sperm concentration. In conclusion, the age of quail markedly affected the testicular histological structure, libido, testosterone level and semen characteristics.
Digital nasoalveolar molding through presurgical orthopedics in newborns/infants with cleft lip and palate: A comprehensive review and case study
Authors: Villarreal‐Martínez Katia , Fierro‐Serna Victor , Rosales‐Berber Miguel A. , Alejandri‐Gamboa Vanessa , Torre‐Delgadillo Gabriela , Ruiz‐Rodríguez Socorro , Pozos‐Guillén Amaury , Garrocho‐Rangel Arturo
Published: March 2024

Aims

This study aims to provide a comprehensive review and case study about the advantages and disadvantages of the application of digital technologies in presurgical orthopedics in newborns/infants with cleft lip and palate (CLCP). Positive changes in the nasal anatomy, maxillary arch, and cleft width could be achieved.

Methods

Three representative cases of newborns/infants with CLCP were managed using the presurgical newborn/infant orthopedics (PSIO) approach. The patients were diagnosed and treated. Detailed descriptions of the impression procedures and PSIO appliance construction and placement were provided for each case.

Results

Case 1 utilized traditional impression techniques, Case 2 employed a semi‐digitalized approach with intraoral digital scanning, and Case 3 utilized a completely digitalized method for appliance construction. Positive changes in maxillary arch dimensions and cleft width reduction were observed in all cases.

Conclusions

The management of CLCP in newborns and infants poses a complex challenge with profound implications. The PSIO approach not only facilitates reconstructive surgery but also enhances overall quality of life. Digital tools, like specialized optical scanners and 3D printing, revolutionize the PSIO process, making it more efficient and patient‐friendly. Clinical benefits include improved facial morphology, esthetics, feeding, speech, and optimized future surgical results. Despite ongoing efficacy debates, global adoption as the initial surgical approach underscores its value. The integration of digital technologies offers new hope for patients and families, promising a brighter future for those affected by this congenital condition.
Can Religion Explain Cross‐Country Differences in Financial Development? A Global Perspective
Authors: Lu Yifan , Wang Cong
Published: March 2024

Motivated by the limited evidence on the influence of religious beliefs on financial development in the current literature, this article aims to provide significant empirical evidence on the relationship between the two variables. In particular, we examine whether major religious beliefs (Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism) have an impact on financial development globally. Using data for 82 developing and developed countries from 1975 to 2015 and controlling for income, openness and polity, our results show significant influence of religion on financial development. In particular, we found that Christianity and Islam have negative impact on financial development, while the impact of Judaism on financial development is positive. In addition, a weak positive effect of Buddhism on financial is also found from the results. This article has also found evidence that the effect of religion varies among different economies characterized by religious diversity. Our findings are robust to different measures of financial development and religious sub‐groups as well as alternative estimators that take care of endogeneity.