bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 50-year-old female, diabetic patient with chest pain and dizziness
Authors: Ranjan Redoy , Joshi Dharmendra , Ullah Mohammad Ata , Bajracharya Prashant , Saha Sanjoy , Adhikary Asit Baran
Published: December 2019

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 50-year-old female got admitted on June 18, 2019 with  complaints of central chest pain for three years and dizziness for the last two months. The chest pain was compressive in nature, moderate to severe in intensity and radiating to the medial side of the left upper limb and neck. It used to get aggravated during exertion and initially relieved by taking rest but later she had to take medicine to relieve the chest pain. The pain was not associated with meal, palpitation, dyspnoea, cough or fever. She also complained of dizziness and easy fatigability while walking for the last two months.
Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Radiotherapy Versus Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Authors: Alam Md Nazmul , Bari Md Abdul , Alam Sarwar , Islam Md Shahidul , Ahmed Tanvir
Published: December 2019

Background: Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are practiced widely for the treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

Objectives: To compares the effectiveness and toxicities between induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy alone and concurrent chemoradiotherapy

Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental study was carried out from January 2014 to December 2014. Total sixty patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck origin were included and allocated into the arm A and B alternatively. Induction chemotherapy by Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil was given to the patient of both arms. Injection Cisplatin was given concurrently during the whole length of radiotherapy period in Arm A while patient in Arm B received radiotherapy alone. The patients were evaluated up to 30 weeks following the completion of the treatment.

Results: In this study, male to female ratio was 4:1 and mean age at diagnosis was 60 ± 5 years. Overall complete response was 90% (27/30) and 53.3% (16/30) for the Arm A and Arm B respectively at 30 weeks after completion of treatment. During induction chemotherapy only 5% (3/60) of patients suffered from Grade 3 diarrhoea in both arms. In Arm A Grade 3 and 4 mucositis was observed in 36.66% (11/30) and 3.33% (1/30) of patients respectively whereas in Arm B it was 33.33% (10/30) and 3.33% (1/30) respectively.

Conclusion: Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is more effective than induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy alone in loco-regional control of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma ofhead and neck origin

KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-3, October 2019, Page 128-132
Comparison of Lipid Profile Among the Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children
Authors: Haque Muhammad Mozammel , Jinnat Mosammat Afroza , Ahmed Shafi , Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Akteruzzaman Mohammad , Hossain Mahmud , Helaly Laila
Published: December 2019

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Children with (CKD)/End stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit various co-morbidities, including dyslipidemia. Hypertriglyceridemia is inversely correlated with renal function. Children with advanced chronic kidney disease or end stage renal disease developed atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Objectives: To measure the lipid profile in kidney disease and comparison of lipid profile among the different stages of CKD.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional analytic study to measure and compare lipid profile in fifty children with different stages of chronic kidney disease during January 2016 to June 2016 by purposive sampling technique and divided into two groups, Children with CKD stage iii and iv included in Group I and CKD stage V and V(D) included in Group II.

Results: Out of Fifty children with CKD, 28(56%) were male and 22 (44%) male, 30(60%) were of11-15 year age group and 32(64%) were from rural area and 18(36%) from urban area. The etiology of CKD in two groups glomerulonephritis were 14(28%), obstructive uropathy 15 (30%), hypoplasia/dysplasia 9(18%), polycystic kidney disease 9(18%) and acute kidney injury 3(6%). All the cases were anemic, 26(52%) were hypertensive and 20(40%) had osteodystrophy.

Conclusion: Dyslipidemia specially hypertriglyceridemia is common in children with CKD. Hypertriglyceridemia is inversely related to severity of CKD stages.

KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-3, October 2019, Page 137-142
Ways and means of formation of patriotism of student youth in extracurricular educational activity
Authors: Leleka Vitaliy
Published: December 2019

The article reveals the most important problems of national-Patriotic education of students. The role of the higher educational institution in the formation of civil and ideological qualities of the person, which are manifested in the awareness of their historical, cultural, national, spiritual and other belonging to the Motherland as the highest principle of functioning, is analyzed. Ways and means of formation of patriotism of student youth in out of educational activity are considered. The conditions of application of active forms and methods of Patriotic education aimed at moral and spiritual improvement of students are analyzed. The most effective methods of patriotism formation as ways of influence on consciousness will and feelings of youth are defined. At the present stage of development of the Ukrainian state, the issue of Patriotic education has become quite acute. Ukraine is going through fateful historical events – the revolution of Dignity, the annexation of Crimea, military operations in the Donbas. The relevance of the formation of value orientations of students is due to the need for national revival and construction of the Ukrainian democratic state. State national program "Education" ("Ukraine XXI century"), the Laws of Ukraine "On education", "On General secondary education", "the Concept of upbringing in the conditions of development of Ukrainian statehood", "the concept of civil education of the individual in terms of development of the Ukrainian statehood" as defined by the strategic objectives of education in the personality of love of country, awareness of its civic duty on the basis of national and universal spiritual values, the assertion of the qualities of a citizen-patriot of Ukraine as an ideological factor in the development of cultural and creative potential of our people. The formation of the national intelligentsia, the promotion of enrichment and renewal of the intellectual gene pool of the nation, the education of its spiritual elite-a task that faces higher education institutions at the same level with the training of highly qualified specialists.
To the concept and structure of a competent reader formation in a school course of ukrainian literature
Authors: Sytchenko Anatolii
Published: December 2019

The article substantiates the integrated character of reading competence, clarifies and deepens its concepts and features in the process of teaching Ukrainian literature. The issue of the article is actualized in the context of the competence orientation of the New Ukrainian School (NUS). Reader's competence is explained as an integrated component of students' academic achievement, a system of knowledge and skills, values, perceptions and attitudes of the individual, the ability to adequately act in the future professional field and different life situations.
The level of this competence determines the depth of reading the work and understanding its content and meaning, is an indicator of personality development.
It is proposed to distinguish the reader's competences related to conscious and expressive reading of the work, the cognitive, which depend on the intellectual and emotional activity of students over the text, communicative, filling the reader's work with broad subject connections, and value related to comprehension of the influence
of what have been read on the character of the reader. The way of forming reading competence in the process of working on the text of a literary work is highlighted: a) fast and expressive, conscious reading of the work, its rereading and retelling; b) analysis and characterization of the figurative components of the work in their interaction; c) deducing figurative and conceptual generalizations from what have been read. Reader's competence is presented as a concept, each component of which relates to the appropriate stages of students' work on a work of art. Synonymic connections between the concepts of reading, subject and literary competence are revealed, which is in line with the features of the competent reader as defined in the renewed school curriculum for literature (2017).
Important conditions for the formation of a competent reader are the continuous development of his interest in literature, interested reading of works of fiction, scientifically grounded literary analysis and awareness of the personal meaning of the work that have been read. The system-structural approach to the formation of pupils'
reading competence which provides the purposeful application of the system of teacher's educational actions not only in the content of a particular work, but also in the ways of reading activity over its text is approved.
Creator’s Competences of Oral Tradition in Georgian Ethnic Music
Authors:   Ilia State University: Tbilisi, Tbilisi, GE, Gabisonia Tamaz
Published: December 2019

Georgian ethnic music, as a multi-level notion in the forms of music, that in- cludes folk components has never been in the focus of Georgian musicology. Geor- gian musicians who are charmed with ethnic intonations have to adapt to the strict paradigm of traditional stylistic regulation. The cult of polyphonic folk tradition sets some filters which along with the axiological conclusions, considers measurement of folk tune only with the traditional authentic model. While folk heritage was often fetishized new initiatives were not encouraged by the formal structures of folklore and this initiated some type of “free regulations” in the space of “outside the folklore”. At the same time, today even such a stable phe- nomenon as Georgian traditional music creates somewhat amorphous picture which is triggered by choir performances, regulations of oral transmission and genre and style transformations. Taking this givens into account, opposites of author and interpreter, initiative and stability, national and foreign create diverse system of creative mecha- nisms in Georgian ethnic music. It is true that copyright meanings of creator, performer, soloist, leader, manager, accompaniment, arrangement and instrument setting in Georgian ethno musical space 127 create diverse facets in the levels of “authentic” and “academic” folklore, church songs or author’s songs, ethno pop, ethno jazz or ethno rock, modernized folklore or post folklore. The notion of status of the author in Georgian ethnic music is a concept that has large size and small content. In this report we will try to establish those trends which will help us to see author of Georgian ethnic music as a concept. We will also try to develop appropriate classifications. In the diverse world of non-academic music we think that it is interesting to discuss “folk professionalism”, group co-authorship, “pre music” regulations, acquir- ing experience, reckless or deliberate plagiarism, crossing stylistic framework, fusion, and motivations of verbal, plastic and visual accents. This aspects shape in a certain way the semantic field of the concept “author”. From this perspective we should also consider self and mutual definitions of authors and priorities of apprising. Particular attention will be paid to the copyright issues, which is quite often observed in today’s Georgian musical space, as a problem.
SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF BARIUM TITANATE STANNATE SOLID SOLUTION
Authors: V’yunov Oleg , Kovalenko Leonid , Belous Anatolii
Published: December 2019

Solid  solutions  of barium  titanate-stannate,  Ba(Ti,Sn)O3  have been investigated.  The  sequence  of phase  transformations  during  the synthesis  by solid  state  reactions  technique  has  been  determined,  crystallographic  and  microscopic  examinations  of polycrystalline  ceramics  based  on Ba(Ti,Sn)O3  solid solutions  have been  carried  out.  The  laws  governing  the change  in crystallographic  parameters  and the average  grain  size  as a function  of tin  content  have  been  shown.  Electrophysical  investigations  of the  obtained ceramics  have been carried out.  It has  been  found that  the dielectric  pa-rameters  (e and tgd)  of Ba(Ti,Sn)O3-based  ceramics  can  be improved  and  their  sintering  temperature  can  be reduced  by the addition  of  0.5 wt.% manganese  oxide(IV)  and 2 wt. % of  low-melting  glass-forming  admixture  AST (Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2).  It  has been  shown  that  the  obtained  materials  have  promise  in creating  ceramic  capacitors  based  on  them.
FLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF RHODAMINE 6G AND RHODAMINE C IN WATER-MICELLAR SURFACTANT ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Zaporozhets Olga , Kulichenko Sergey , Lelyushok Sergey , Klovak Viktoriia
Published: December 2019

The influence of cationic, anionic, nonionic surfactants and their mixtures on the fluorescence characteristics of rhodamine 6G and Rho-damine C solutions has been investigated. The fluorescence intensity of aqueous solutions of rhodamine 6G and in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate has almost unchanged throughout the pH range. The fluorescence intensity of aqueous and water-micellar rhodamine C solutions has been increased in the pH 1-4 range; the signal has been remained unchanged at high pH values. The studies have been carried out at pH 4 for rhodamine 6G and at pH 10 for rhodamine C. The fluorescence characteristics of water-micellar dye - surfactant - non-ionic surfactant systems have been performed at a concentration of Triton X-100 of 3.4·10‑2 mol/l. The interaction with cationic surfactants has shown differences character between the I=f(n) dependences for aqueous solutions of highly hydrophobic rhodamine 6G and more hydrophilic rhodamine C. The study of the effect of the hydrocarbon radical length on the intensity of the fluorescence of rhodamine 6G and rhodamine C has been carried out at two concentrations of cationic surfactants: under the condition of the formation of stoichiometric associates dye with cationic surfactant and in the region of the micellar concentrations of cationic surfactants. The character of the influence of the length of the hydrocarbon radical cationic surfactants on the fluorescence intensity of the dyes can be explained by the increasing role of hydrophobic interactions and the enhancement of solubilization in systems involving long-chain surfactants. The difference in the nature of the associates of rhodamine 6G and rhodamine C with hydrophobic and moderately hydrophobic cationic surfactants has been counterbalanced in the presence of Triton X-100. Reduction of fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 6G in domicile solutions of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate has been established. The method of fluorescence detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate in reaction with rhodamine 6G has been proposed. The method has been tested in determining of anionic surfactants in the waters after washing clothes.
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TERNARY COBALT ALLOYS WITH Mo(W) AND Zr IN ALKALINE SOLUTION
Authors: Ved’ Maryna , Sakhnenko Nikolay , Nenastina Tatyana , Yermolenko Iryna , Proskurina Valerya , Volobuyev Maksym
Published: December 2019

The ternary Co–Mo–W(Zr) coatings with total content of refractory metals of 30–40 wt.%, and Co–W–Zr alloys (12–26 wt.%) are deposited from pyrophosphate-citrate electrolytes in pulse regime. The composition of the coatings as well as the surface morphology depends on the current density. The X-ray diffraction patterns reflect the amorphous-and-crystalline ternary alloys structure. Phases of α-Co, Co–Mo intermetallic compounds, and traces of metallic molybdenum were detected in the Co–Mo–Zr coatings. Phase composition of Co–Mo–W deposits differs by emergence of Co7W6 phase and traces of metallic tungsten, and there is no metallic W in Co–W–Zr electrolytic alloys. The corrosion behavior of ternary coatings in alkaline medium studied by EIS shows that Co–Mo–Zr alloys are characterized by highest corrosion resistance among deposited coatings due to presence of metallic molybdenum and stoichiometric ZrO2 with both high electrical resistivity and chemical stability. The coatings  Co–Mo–W and Co–Mo–Zr containing phases of Mo or W are characterized by higher corrosion resistance as compared with that without metallic molybdenum and tungsten. The cyclic voltammetry data confirm stability of ternary coatings in alkaline solution under anodic polarization. Such properties as well as the developed globular surface make materials promising for use as anodes in fuel cells in particular based on alkali electrolytes.
Using of Quinoa Based Film to Extend the Shelf Life of Rainbow Trout Fillets under Cold Storage (4±1°C) Condition
Authors: KORKMAZ Fatih , KOCAMAN Esat Mahmut , ALAK Gonca
Published: December 2019

In this study, the structural features (thickness and light transmittance) of edible films that obtained from quinoa starch were analyzed, and the films were applied to rainbow trout fillets. These fillets were classified under two different groups without quinoa starch film (control) and coated with quinoa starch film (QSBF).Thereafter, these fillets were storage in the refrigerator at (4±1°C) for 12 days. Analyzes were performed on days 0, 3, 9, and 12 during storage to detect chemical and microbial changes in both groups. The film thickness was 0.195 ± 0.010 mm, and the light transmittance values were between 10–37%. At the end of storage, the highest values of chemical analysis were found in the control group 20.35±0.49 mg/100g in (TVB-N), 3.87±0.10 µmol MA/kg in (TBARS) and 6.27±0.00 in (pH), respectively. The highest values of microbial analysis were found in the control group 5.35±0.22 log cfu/g in (TAMB), 3.32±0.48 log cfu/g in (LAB), Pseudomonas 5.72±0.28 log cfu/g and Enterobacteriaceae 4.38±0.68 log cfu/g in the control group respectively, although (TPC) was found 6.84±0.11 log cfu/g in the QSBF group. The results of chemical and microbial analysis showed that statistical difference between control and treatment groups was significant (p<0.05). Quinoa starch-based biofilms (QSBF) had a chemically and microbiologically protective effect on trout fillets that were stored. Further studies are needed to optimize the use of (QSBF) as microbiological and chemical barriers for fish fillet packaging.
Makine Öğrenmesi Yaklaşımıyla e-Belgelere Standart Dosya Plan Numaralarının Otomatik Olarak Atanması Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Authors: BİNİCİ Kasım
Published: December 2019

Belge üretimindeki artış ve teknolojik olanaklar beraberinde yeni yönetim metotlarının gerekliliğini kaçınılmaz kılmıştır. Türkiye’de kamu kuruluşlarında üretilen belgeler Standart Dosya Planı’na uygun olarak düzenlenir ve yönetilirler. İlgili mevzuata koşut olarak resmi yazışmaların konusu Dosya Planından saptanmak ve konuyla bağlantılı kodları belgelere eklemek zorunluluktur. Bu kodların doğru seçilmesi, araştırma-soruşturma süreçlerinin sağlıklı işletilebilmesi ve erişim süreçlerinin başarılı şekilde sonuçlandırılabilmesi için oldukça gereklidir. Ancak kurumsal, kişisel veya yönetsel koşullara bağlı olarak belgelerin yaşam döngüsünü sekteye uğratacak yanlış kodlar verilebilmektedir. Bu tür yanlış uygulamaları minimize etmek ve belge sınıflandırmayı daha sağlıklı kılabilmek için yapay zekâ uygulamalarından yararlanılabilir.Elektronik belge yönetimi sistemlerinde üretilen belgelere standart dosya plan kodlarının makine öğrenmesi yaklaşımıyla otomatik olarak atanması amaçlanan bu çalışma teorik ve analize dayalı olmak üzere iki kısımdan oluşmaktadır. İlkin teorik olarak standart dosya planından yararlanarak otomatik belge sınıflandırmasının oluşturduğu güçlükler tartışılmış, ardından makine öğrenmesi ile belgelerin sınıflandırılması üzerine analiz yapılmıştır. Çeşitli yönetsel ve ön yargısal bariyerlerin aşılmaması ve yanı sıra kurumsal arşiv gibi otorite bir birimin olmaması belge yönetimi, eğitimi ve denetimi boşluğunu oluşturduğu ve söz konusu bu durumunun otomatik sınıflamayı sekteye uğratacağı kaygısı, dolayısıyla belgeleri yeniden sınıflandırma gerekliliği küçük bir veri kümesi ile çalışmayı zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmada analiz edilen belgeler, bu çalışmanın araştırmacısına kurum içerisinde yönlendirilen son altı aylık belgelerden oluşmaktadır. Toplamda 265 belgenin yeniden sınıflandırılması neticesinde tekil konudaki belgeler kapsam dışı bırakılmıştır. Belgelerin gövde ve konu alanları üzerinde yapılan metin madenciliği teknikleri uygulanması sonucunda, 169 belgeden oluşan bir veri seti elde edilmiştir. Bu veri setinden her konudan oransal olmak koşuluyla rastgele yöntemle belgelerin üçte biri (1/3) sınıflandırmak için seçilmiştir. Sınıflandırılmış 112 belge ve sınıflandırmak üzere oluşturulmuş 57 belgeden ibaret bu veri seti üzerinde, makine öğrenmesinde kullanılan ve son zamanlarda bilgi sektöründe popüler olan Destek Vektör Makinesi [DVM (Support Vector Machine (SVM)] algoritması çalıştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda manuel olarak yapılan sınıflama ile otomatik olarak yapılan çıkarımın isabet oranı % 87.72 olarak bulunmuştur. Bir diğer ifade ile belgelerin % 87.72’si makine öğrenmesi yaklaşımıyla doğru olarak sınıflanmıştır.
Dental Treatment of Autistic Patients
Authors: Goldberg Michel
Published: December 2019

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social and communication interactions. Parentally induced autism, brain injury/anomalies, constitutional vulnerability, and developmental aphasia have been incriminated in the epidemiology of the disease. Other suspected etiologies are structural cerebellar changes, genetics, viral infections, and immunological abnormalities, with various teratogens and vaccines. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) displayed prevalence rates of about 1%, and a fourfold higher predominance of men over women. The life expectancy of autistic patients is reduced, and the death rates seem to be higher than in the general population. Dental and oral pathologies are mainly carious lesions and periodontitis. Many autistic patients are uncooperative and required general anesthesia during dental treatments. Diagnosis of autistic dental diseases includes self‐extraction of primary teeth, autistic syndrome and self-injurious behaviors. Most ASD are unmarried, poorly educated, and economically deprived. The number of adults with ASD grows. Some have a level of independence that allows full participation in their healthcare decisions; others have impairments that require dependence on caregivers to mediate the healthcare they receive.
An Unconventional Approach for Distoangular Mandibular Third Molar Extraction- Case Series
Authors: Dhusia Archana H , Shemna Samar Salim , Dhaimade Prita Abhay , Dubey Prerana N. , Patel Hetal N.
Published: December 2019

Background:
The classical technique of surgical extraction of a distoangular impacted mandibular third molar results in significant amount of bone and soft tissue trauma.

Aim:
We aim to describe an alternative, intra-alveolar approach to extraction of distoangular impacted mandibular third molar by presenting a series of 30 cases recorded.

Materials And Methods:
In appropriate cases, beaks of cowhorn forceps were engaged in the interdental space between mandibular second and third molar and pressure applied by closing the beaks, while simultaneously maintaining digital pressure on the occlusal surface of the mandibular second molar.
In majority of cases, the third molar would pop out in the arc of rotation.

Conclusion:
This alternative technique if applied in cases where indicated, could substantially reduce bone and soft tissue trauma, and also required lesser armamentarium.

Keywords:
distoangular mandibular third molar, third molar extraction, mandibular cowhorn extraction forceps
Detection of Suicide Ideation in Social Media Forums Using Deep Learning
Authors: Tadesse Michael Mesfin , Lin Hongfei , Xu Bo , Yang Liang
Published: December 2019

Suicide ideation expressed in social media has an impact on language usage. Many at-risk individuals use social forum platforms to discuss their problems or get access to information on similar tasks. The key objective of our study is to present ongoing work on automatic recognition of suicidal posts. We address the early detection of suicide ideation through deep learning and machine learning-based classification approaches applied to Reddit social media. For such purpose, we employ an LSTM-CNN combined model to evaluate and compare to other classification models. Our experiment shows the combined neural network architecture with word embedding techniques can achieve the best relevance classification results. Additionally, our results support the strength and ability of deep learning architectures to build an effective model for a suicide risk assessment in various text classification tasks.
Allometries in Plants as Drivers of Forage Nutritive Value: A Review
Authors: Lemaire Gilles , Belanger Gilles
Published: December 2019

The nutritive value of forage for herbivores has been for a long time determined by the concentration in protein and, hence in nitrogen (N), the concentration in different minerals (P, K, Ca, Mg, and oligo-elements), and the in vivo dry matter (DM) digestibility. Forage DM digestibility, the proportion of ingested DM being metabolized by ruminant animals has been related to different components of plant tissue composition such as Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF); the NDF concentration represents an estimate of cell wall content while the ADF concentration is an estimate of the more lignified cell wall content. Forage nutritive value is generally analyzed by relating the attributes of nutritive value to plant phenology, in order to predict the decline of these attributes with plant age. A more functional approach, initially developed for the analysis of N concentration dynamic analysis (Lemaire et al. 2008 and Lemaire et al. 2019), and extended for digestibility for this review, is based on the assumption that above-ground plant mass (W) is composed of two compartments: (i) the metabolic compartment (Wm), associated with plant growth process scaling with leaf area, having a high N concentration (%N), and a high Digestibility (%D); (ii) the structural compartment (Ws) associated with architectural plant development, scaling with plant height and thickness and having low %N and %D. With the postulate that Wm is allometrically related to W (Wm = c × Wα with α < 1), the ontogenetic decline of both %N and %D as the plant gets bigger and forage mass increases can be explained, and the purely empirical statistical approach of forage quality based on plant phenology can be replaced by a more mechanistic and comprehensive analysis linking forage production and forage quality dynamics within the same functional approach for a better understanding of genotype-environment-management interactions.
Germination Ecology of Brachiaria eruciformis in Australia and Its Implications for Weed Management
Authors: Mobli Ahmadreza , Mollaee Mahboobeh , Manalil Sudheesh , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh
Published: December 2019

Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. is a noxious weed of Australia and other parts of the world. The effects of different environmental conditions on the seed germination and seedling emergence of three biotypes sourced from different cropping systems (mungbean field, sorghum field, and fenceline) of this weed were evaluated. There were no differences in the response of biotypes to the evaluated factors; therefore, the data was pooled across the biotypes. The highest germination rate was observed at 30/20 °C, and seeds germinated both in light and dark conditions. Seed germination was influenced by different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations and water potentials, and no seeds germinated at 200 mM NaCl and −0.8 MPa water potential. Seeds germinated (>70%) at a broad range of pH, from 4 to 10. Compared with seeds sown on the soil surface, a burial depth of 4 cm reduced the seedling emergence by 84%. Similarly, a sorghum residue amount of 4 t ha−1 on the soil surface reduced the seedling emergence by 65%, compared with no sorghum residue cover. No seedlings emerged from seeds buried at 8 cm depth and >4 t ha−1 sorghum residue. This study suggests that burying seeds deep into the soil through tillage or employing a residue cover on the soil surface can reduce B. eruciformis emergence.
Wine Lactic Acid Bacteria with Antimicrobial Activity as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Authors: López-Seijas Jacobo , García-Fraga Belén , da Silva Abigail F. , Sieiro Carmen
Published: December 2019

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine fermentations, particularly from the malolactic fermentation, and belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus lactis species were tested for their effectiveness in inhibiting the development of different microorganisms. The different strains showed, to varying degrees, an antagonistic effect against bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus. The specificity of the species L. hilgardii that inhibits only strains of the genus Bacillus is remarkable, on the other hand, L. plantarum was more effective against the strains of the genus Staphylococcus. The greatest effectiveness, considering both the degree of inhibition and the number of inhibited species, was presented by strains of L. lactis and L. paracasei. Seven strains belonging to the species that showed a more broad-spectrum activity, L. paracasei and L. plantarum, were also tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of fungi. All of them showed, in different degree (55–76%), activity against Fusarium oxysporum. Finally, the ability of the L. paracasei LPAUV12 and L. plantarum LPLUV10 strains was evaluated to protect Lycopersicon esculentum plants against the fungus F. oxysporum and promote its growth. Strain LPLUV10, showed capacity to significantly inhibit the harmful effect of F. oxysporum in tomato plants as well as to significantly stimulate their growth.
Stereotypic Behavior in Fattening Bulls
Authors: Schneider Laura , Kemper Nicole , Spindler Birgit
Published: December 2019

The occurrence of stereotypies in captive animals may indicate restrictions in animal welfare. In cattle, common stereotypies are tongue playing, manipulation of objects, or conspecifics. However, to our knowledge, the occurrence of stereotypies in fattening cattle was only analyzed in studies several decades old. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence of stereotypies in fattening bulls housed in different systems. On three German fattening farms, a total of 243 fattening bulls housed in groups of 14, 16, 22, and 33 animals in straw-bedded pens were observed. Behavioral observations were performed via video recordings during three observation periods distributed over the whole fattening period, using a scan sampling technique. In 234 of 243 bulls, stereotypies were observed at least once. During 15.9 ± 2.4% of the scan intervals, stereotypies were observed in at least one animal per pen. Average numbers of stereotypies per animal and hour ranged from 0.2 to 0.9. The most common stereotypy was manipulating objects, followed by tongue playing and manipulating conspecifics. These results indicate that stereotypies are highly prevalent in fattening bulls under current housing conditions. They underline the need for further studies to analyze the causation of stereotypies in order to reduce their frequency.
Evaluating Impacts of Different Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratios in Corn–Soybean Meal-Based Diet on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, Fecal Microbial, and Gas Emission in Growing Pigs
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Hai , Yun Hyeok Min , Kim In Ho
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different omega-6: omega-3 fatty acid (FA) ratios in a corn–soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. A total of 140 [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] growing pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 24.75 ± 1.43 kg were used in a 6-week trial. Pigs were allocated randomly into one of four treatments according to sex and BW (seven replications with five pigs per pen). The treatment groups consisted of 4 diets with omega-6:omega-3 FA ratios of 17:1, 15:1, 10:1, and 5:1. In the current study, the energy digestibility, BW, and average daily gain (ADG) increased (p < 0.05) in pigs provided with the 5:1 diet compared to pigs fed the 17:1 diet in the sixth week. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations of blood were lower (p < 0.05) in pigs fed the 5:1 diet compared to the 17:1 and 15:1 diet. However, the fecal microflora and fecal gas emissions were unaffected (p > 0.05) by the different omega-6: omega-3 FA ratios in diets. In conclusion, reducing omega-6: omega-3 ratio by increasing omega-3 in diet improved BW, ADG, and gross energy digestibility, and reduced the LDL concentrations of blood in growing pigs.
Efficacy and Animal Welfare Impacts of Novel Capture Methods for Two Species of Invasive Wild Mammals in New Zealand
Authors: Latham A. David M. , Davidson Ben , Warburton Bruce , Yockney Ivor , Hampton Jordan O.
Published: December 2019

All capture methods impose animal welfare impacts, but these impacts are rarely quantified or reported. We present data from two wildlife capture studies that trialled new methods for capturing Bennett’s wallabies (Notamacropus rufogriseus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand. We used helicopter net-gunning for both species, and compared this method with ground-based netting for wallabies and helicopter darting for red deer, using, for the first time in New Zealand, the fast-acting opioid thiafentanil. Efficacy and animal welfare parameters quantified were duration of handling and recovery, and frequency of adverse events, including escape, injury, and mortality. Cost-effectiveness was quantified for each method. Capture mortalities occurred for all methods for both species. For red deer, chemical immobilisation led to fewer traumatic injuries and fewer mortalities, while for wallabies, net-gunning led to fewer mortalities. Net-gunning was an efficient capture method for deer in open habitat, but led to the escape of 54% of wallabies and one wallaby mortality (4%). Ground-based netting resulted in the mortality of 17% of wallabies at the time of capture, and the capture of non-target species. The cost per captured wallaby was 40% more expensive for net-gunning (NZ$1045) than for ground-based netting (NZ$745), but, once corrected for mortalities at the time of capture and suitability of individuals for GPS-collar deployment, this was reduced to 29% and 12% more expensive, respectively. Net-gunning for red deer resulted in the escape of 13% of animals and mortality of 10% of animals at the time of capture. Helicopter-based darting for red deer using thiafentanil (c. 0.03–0.06 mg/kg) had high capture efficacy (zero escapes), rapid induction times (mean of 3 min), and a low mortality rate at 14 days post-capture (3%), but it was more expensive per deer captured and collared than aerial netting (NZ$2677 and NZ$2234, respectively). We recommend reporting of adverse event data for all wildlife capture techniques to permit continual refinement of field methods.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Supplementation on Redox Unbalance in Hyperthyroid Cats Treated with Methimazole: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Candellone Alessia , Badino Paola , Gianella Paola , Girolami Flavia , Raviri Graziella , Saettone Vittorio , Meineri Giorgia
Published: December 2019

Methimazole (MMI) is often the selected medical treatment for feline hyperthyroidism. However, the onset of MMI-related side effects (MMI-SE) is likely caused by oxidative stress. This study evaluated the dietary supplementation of selected antioxidants in hyperthyroid cats receiving MMI, to reduce MMI-SE. Thirty hyperthyroid client-owned cats were randomly allocated in group M (MMI + placebo) or group M+A (MMI + antioxidants). At different time-points from the enrolment (ET) to the end of the trial (FT), the following information was recorded: clinical findings, complete blood count, serum biochemical parameters, urinalysis, total plasma thyroxine concentrations, determinable reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs), OXY-adsorbent test values, and oxidative stress index (OSi) values, and MMI-SE. dROMs and OSi values significantly increased from ET to FT in group M and were significantly higher in group M than in group M+A at FT. Likewise, OXY-absorbent test values were significantly higher in group M+A than in group M at FT. Moreover, the occurrence rate of MMI-SE in group M+A was lower than in group M. In conclusion, our results show that the dietary supplementation of antioxidants in hyperthyroid cats receiving MMI exerts a protective effect against oxidative stress, likely contributing to the reduction of MMI-SE.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Nigella sativa Oil Produced in Central Italy: A Comparison of the Nutrigenomic Effects of Two Mediterranean Oils in a Low-Grade Inflammation Model
Authors: Bordoni Laura , Fedeli Donatella , Fiorini Dennis , Gabbianelli Rosita
Published: December 2019

Extra virgin olive (EVO) oil and Nigella sativa (NG) oil are two well-known Mediterranean foods whose consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. This study investigates the nutrigenomic properties of two high quality EVO and NG oils in an in vitro model of low-grade inflammation of human macrophages (THP-1 cells). The aim was to assess whether these healthy foods could modulate inflammation through antioxidant and epigenetic mechanisms. When THP-1 cells were co-exposed to both lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation and oils, both EVO and NG oils displayed anti-inflammatory activity. Both oils were able to restore normal expression levels of DNMT3A and HDAC1 (but not DNMT3B), which were altered under inflammatory conditions. Moreover, EVO oil was able to prevent the increase in TET2 expression and reduce global DNA methylation that were measured in inflamed cells. Due to its antioxidant properties, EVO oil was particularly efficient in restoring normal levels of membrane fluidity, which, on the contrary, were reduced in the presence of inflammation. In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that these Mediterranean oils could play a major role in the modulation of low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome prevention. However, NS oil seems to be more efficient in the control of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas EVO oil better helps to counteract redox imbalance. Further studies that elucidate the nutrigenomic properties of local produce might help to promote regional the production and consumption of high-quality food, which could also help the population to maintain and promote health.
A Three-Dimensional Tracking Method with the Self-Calibration Functions of Coaxiality and Magnification for Single Fluorescent Nanoparticles
Authors: Mao Shuai , Shen Jin , Wang Yajing , Liu Wei , Pan Jinfeng
Published: December 2019

A self-calibrating variable magnification three-dimensional (3D) tracking system for single fluorescent nanoparticles is proposed. The system was based on astigmatic micro-imaging and has a simple configuration incorporating a dual-spot position detection unit ray transfer matrix. By analyzing this matrix and utilizing the beam vector measurement of a dual-spot position detection unit, it was demonstrated that the proposed tracking system had the self-calibration functions of coaxiality and magnification; thus, it could accurately track the adopted fluorescent nanoparticles through zoom microscopical measurements in 3D. The available measurements of the proposed system and accuracy were experimentally validated.
A Channel Model to Deal with Distributed Noises and Nonlinear Effects in a Fiber System with Distributed Raman Amplifiers
Authors: Xie Yao , Feng Qiguang , Li Wei , Zheng Qiang , Wang You
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, the distributed fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) has become more and more popular in long-haul fiber systems, owing to its lower noise figures and weaker nonlinear effects in the link. The critical issue in distributed FRAs is the presence of various kinds of noises and their interactions with the signal. However, the existing Raman channel models and their numerical solving methods can only partially describe how the randomly distributed noises interact with the signal. This causes the difficulties in analyzing the distributed FRA precisely and the inconveniences for the applications and the maintenance of FRA systems. In this paper, we propose a modified Raman channel model to describe more comprehensively the interactions between the distributed noises and the signal under the influence of loss, distributed gain, dispersion, and nonlinear effects in the distributed FRA systems. With the comparisons of the error–vector magnitude (EVM) curves, our model can get lower errors in the experimental results regarding bidirectional pumped FRA single-span fiber systems and multi-span systems with backward-pumped FRAs.
SSNet: Learning Mid-Level Image Representation Using Salient Superpixel Network
Authors: Ji Zhihang , Wang Fan , Gao Xiang , Xu Lijuan , Hu Xiaopeng
Published: December 2019

In the standard bag-of-visual-words (BoVW) model, the burstiness problem of features and the ignorance of high-order information often weakens the discriminative power of image representation. To tackle them, we present a novel framework, named the Salient Superpixel Network, to learn the mid-level image representation. For reducing the impact of burstiness occurred in the background region, we use the salient regions instead of the whole image to extract local features, and a fast saliency detection algorithm based on the Gestalt grouping principle is proposed to generate image saliency maps. In order to introduce the high-order information, we propose a weighted second-order pooling (WSOP) method, which is capable of exploiting the high-order information and further alleviating the impact of burstiness in the foreground region. Then, we conduct experiments on six image classification benchmark datasets, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework with either the handcrafted or the off-the-shelf CNN features.
Seismic Assessment of a Benchmark Highway Bridge Equipped with Optimized Shape Memory Alloy Wire-Based Isolators
Authors: Hosseini Reyhaneh , Rashidi Maria , Hedayati Dezfuli Farshad , Karbasi Arani Kamyar , Samali Bijan
Published: December 2019

In this paper, an evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm named NSGA-II was used to determine the optimum radius for shape memory alloy (SMA) wires employed in conjunction with the lead rubber bearing (LRB), referred to as an SMA-LRB isolator. This algorithm simultaneously minimizes the mid-span displacement and the base shear force. Then, the optimized SMA-LRBs were implemented in a benchmark bridge to reduce excessive displacements. The results obtained from the nonlinear dynamic analysis show that the implemented approach could effectively optimize the SMA-LRBs. These improved smart isolators can noticeably reduce the maximum displacements and residual deformations of the structure; meanwhile, the base shear and deck acceleration remain less than those of the non-isolated benchmark bridge. This isolator can reduce the maximum mid-span displacement of the bridge by up to 61%, and the mid-span residual deformations by up to 100%, compared to an uncontrolled isolated bridge under different ground motions. This optimized passive system was compared with nonlinear dampers, passive SMA dampers, and a negative stiffness device. The results indicate that the optimized SMA-LRB isolators are generally more successful in reducing and recovering displacements than the other controllers.
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle as a Power Plant: Techno-Economic Scenario Analysis of a Renewable Integrated Transportation and Energy System for Smart Cities in Two Climates
Authors: Oldenbroek Vincent , Smink Gilbert , Salet Tijmen , van Wijk Ad J.M.
Published: December 2019

Renewable, reliable, and affordable future power, heat, and transportation systems require efficient and versatile energy storage and distribution systems. If solar and wind electricity are the only renewable energy sources, what role can hydrogen and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have in providing year-round 100% renewable, reliable, and affordable energy for power, heat, and transportation for smart urban areas in European climates? The designed system for smart urban areas uses hydrogen production and FCEVs through vehicle-to-grid (FCEV2G) for balancing electricity demand and supply. A techno-economic analysis was done for two technology development scenarios and two different European climates. Electricity and hydrogen supply is fully renewable and guaranteed at all times. Combining the output of thousands of grid-connected FCEVs results in large overcapacities being able to balance large deficits. Self-driving, connecting, and free-floating car-sharing fleets could facilitate vehicle scheduling. Extreme peaks in balancing never exceed more than 50% of the available FCEV2G capacity. A simple comparison shows that the cost of energy for an average household in the Mid Century scenario is affordable: 520–770 €/year (without taxes and levies), which is 65% less compared to the present fossil situation. The system levelized costs in the Mid Century scenario are 71–104 €/MWh for electricity and 2.6–3.0 €/kg for hydrogen—and we expect that further cost reductions are possible.
A Hybrid Geometric Morphometric Deep Learning Approach for Cut and Trampling Mark Classification
Authors: Courtenay Lloyd A. , Huguet Rosa , González-Aguilera Diego , Yravedra José
Published: December 2019

The concept of equifinality is currently one of the largest issues in taphonomy, frequently leading analysts to erroneously interpret the formation and functionality of archaeological and paleontological sites. An example of this equifinality can be found in the differentiation between anthropic cut marks and other traces on bone produced by natural agents, such as that of sedimentary abrasion and trampling. These issues are a key component in the understanding of early human evolution, yet frequently rely on qualitative features for their identification. Unfortunately, qualitative data is commonly susceptible to subjectivity, producing insecurity in research through analyst experience. The present study intends to confront these issues through a hybrid methodological approach. Here, we combine Geometric Morphometric data, 3D digital microscopy, and Deep Learning Neural Networks to provide a means of empirically classifying taphonomic traces on bone. Results obtained are able to reach over 95% classification, providing a possible means of overcoming taphonomic equifinality in the archaeological and paleontological register.