bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Serum Levels of Anti-Carbamylated 78-kDa Glucose-Regulated Protein Antibody in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yu Hui-Chun , Lai Pei-Hsuan , Lai Ning-Sheng , Huang Hsien-Bin , Koo Malcolm , Lu Ming-Chi
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and titer of anti-carbamylated 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (anti-CarGRP78) antibody in serum from controls, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). Thirty-three RA patients, 20 SLE patients, 20 pSS patients, and 20 controls were enrolled from our outpatient clinic. GRP78 was cloned and carbamylated. Serum titers of anti- cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP), anti-GRP78, and anti-CarGRP78 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No differences in serum titers of anti-GRP78 antibody in patients with RA, SLE, or pSS compared with the controls were observed. Serum levels of anti-carGRP78 antibody in patients with RA, but not SLE or pSS, were significantly higher compared with the controls (OD405 0.15 ± 0.08 versus 0.11 ± 0.03, p = 0.033). There was a positive correlation between the serum levels of anti-GRP78 antibody, but not anti-CarGRP78 antibody, with the levels of anti-CCP antibody in patients with RA. Both anti-GRP78 and anti-carGRP78 antibodies failed to correlate with C-reactive protein levels in patients with RA. In conclusion, we demonstrated the presence of anti-CarGRP78 antibody in patients with RA. In addition, the serum titer of anti-CarGRP78 antibody was significantly elevated in patients with RA compared with the controls. Anti-CarGRP78 antibody could also be detected in patients with SLE or pSS.
Novel Osteointegrative Sr-Substituted Apatitic Cements Enriched with Alginate
Authors: Sprio Simone , Dapporto Massimiliano , Montesi Monica , Panseri Silvia , Lattanzi Wanda , Pola Enrico , Logroscino Giandomenico , Tampieri Anna
Published: September 2016

The present work describes the synthesis of novel injectable, self-setting bone cements made of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA), obtained by single-phase calcium phosphate precursors doped with different amounts of strontium and enriched with alginate. The addition of alginate improved the injectability, cohesion, and compression strength of the cements, without affecting the hardening process. A Sr-HA cement exhibiting adequate hardening times and mechanical strength for clinical applications was further tested in vivo in a rabbit model, in comparison with a commercial calcium phosphate cement, revealing the maintenance of biomimetic composition and porous microstructure even after one month in vivo, as well as enhanced ability to induce new bone formation and penetration.
Comparison of Protein N-Homocysteinylation in Rat Plasma under Elevated Homocysteine Using a Specific Chemical Labeling Method
Authors: Zang Tianzhu , Pottenplackel Ligi , Handy Diane , Loscalzo Joseph , Dai Shujia , Deth Richard , Zhou Zhaohui , Ma Jisheng
Published: September 2016

Elevated blood concentrations of homocysteine have been well established as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and neuropsychiatric diseases, yet the etiologic relationship of homocysteine to these disorders remains poorly understood. Protein N-homocysteinylation has been hypothesized as a contributing factor; however, it has not been examined globally owing to the lack of suitable detection methods. We recently developed a selective chemical method to label N-homocysteinylated proteins with a biotin-aldehyde tag followed by Western blotting analysis, which was further optimized in this study. We then investigated the variation of protein N-homocysteinylation in plasma from rats on a vitamin B12 deficient diet. Elevated “total homocysteine” concentrations were determined in rats with a vitamin B12 deficient diet. Correspondingly, overall levels of plasma protein N-homocysteinylation displayed an increased trend, and furthermore, more pronounced and statistically significant changes (e.g., 1.8-fold, p-value: 0.03) were observed for some individual protein bands. Our results suggest that, as expected, a general metabolic correlation exists between “total homocysteine” and N-homocysteinylation, although other factors are involved in homocysteine/homocysteine thiolactone metabolism, such as the transsulfuration of homocysteine by cystathionine β-synthase or the hydrolysis of homocysteine thiolactone by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), may play more significant or direct roles in determining the level of N-homocysteinylation.
Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Wild Edible Mushrooms from Native Nothofagus spp. Forest, Argentina
Authors: Toledo Carolina , Barroetaveña Carolina , Fernandes Ângela , Barros Lillian , Ferreira Isabel
Published: September 2016

This study addresses issues regarding chemical and bioactive properties of nine wild edible mushrooms from native Nothofagus forest from Patagonia, Argentina. Macronutrients, sugars, fatty acids, tocopherols, organic acids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties were determined. Protein was found in high levels and varied between 3.35 g/100 g dw in Cyttaria hariotii and 22.29 g/100 g dw in Lepista nuda. All of them presented mannitol and trehalose as main sugars. Mannitol was significantly higher in Ramaria patagonica, although absent in Fistulina endoxantha, whereas trehalose predominated in Aleurodiscus vitellinus, Hydropus dusenii, Cortinarius magellanicus, C. hariotii, Grifola gargal and L. nuda, ranging from 1.15 to 10.26 g/100 g dw; it was absent in R. patagonica. The major fatty acid found was linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid and palmitic acid. All species presented oxalic and fumaric acids, while some also had malic, quinic and citric acids. Tocopherols composition was variable. Cortinarius magellanicus presented significantly higher contents of both α-tocopherol and β-tocopherol. R. patagonica presented the best results in all the antioxidant activity assays (EC50 values ≤ 1 mg/mL) and the highest content of phenolic compounds presenting gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids. This study constitutes the first report on chemical composition and nutritional value of most of these edible mushroom species. Furthermore, it provides important information necessary to characterize and define the use of these species as gastronomic delicacies, functional foods and sources of bioactive compounds.
Characterization of French Coriander Oil as Source of Petroselinic Acid
Authors: Uitterhaegen Evelien , Sampaio Klicia , Delbeke Elisabeth , De Greyt Wim , Cerny Muriel , Evon Philippe , Merah Othmane , Talou Thierry , Stevens Christian
Published: September 2016

Coriander vegetable oil was extracted from fruits of French origin in a 23% yield. The oil was of good quality, with a low amount of free fatty acids (1.8%) and a concurrently high amount of triacylglycerols (98%). It is a rich source of petroselinic acid (C18:1n-12), an important renewable building block, making up 73% of all fatty acids, with also significant amounts of linoleic acid (14%), oleic acid (6%), and palmitic acid (3%). The oil was characterized by a high unsaponifiable fraction, comprising a substantial amount of phytosterols (6.70 g/kg). The main sterol markers were β-sitosterol (35% of total sterols), stigmasterol (24%), and Δ7-stigmastenol (18%). Squalene was detected at an amount of 0.2 g/kg. A considerable amount of tocols were identified (500 mg/kg) and consisted mainly of tocotrienols, with γ-tocotrienol as the major compound. The phospholipid content was low at 0.3%, of which the main phospholipid classes were phosphatidic acid (33%), phosphatidylcholine (25%), phosphatidylinositol (17%), and phosphatidylethanolamine (17%). About 50% of all phospholipids were non-hydratable. The β-carotene content was low at 10 mg/kg, while a significant amount of chlorophyll was detected at about 11 mg/kg. An iron content of 1.4 mg/kg was determined through element analysis of the vegetable oil. The influence of fruit origin on the vegetable oil composition was shown to be very important, particularly in terms of the phospholipids, sterols, and tocols composition.
Preparation of Temozolomide-Loaded Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Multiforme Targeting—Ideal Versus Reality
Authors: Lee Chooi , Ooi Ing
Published: September 2016

Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for glioblastoma multiforme, but the required high administration dose is accompanied by side effects. To overcome this problem and to further improve TMZ’s efficacy, targeted delivery of TMZ by using polymeric nanoparticles has been explored. We synthesised the PLGA-PEG-FOL copolymer and attempted encapsulation of TMZ into PLGA-PEG-FOL nanoparticles using the emulsion solvent evaporation method and the nanoprecipitation method. Conjugation of PEG and FOL to PLGA has been reported to be able to increase the delivery of TMZ to the brain as well as targeting the glioma cells. However, despite making numerous modifications to these methods, the loading of TMZ in the nanoparticles only ranged between 0.2% and 2%, and the nanoparticles were between 400 nm and 600 nm in size after freeze-drying. We proceed with determining the release profile of TMZ in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Our initial data indicated that TMZ was slowly released from the nanoparticles. The metabolite of TMZ rather than the parent compound was detected in PBS. Our study suggests that while PLGA-PEG-FOL can be used as a polymeric or encapsulation material for central delivery of TMZ, a practical and cost effective formulation method is still far from reach.
A Semantic Modelling Framework-Based Method for Building Reconstruction from Point Clouds
Authors: Wang Qingdong , Yan Li , Zhang Li , Ai Haibin , Lin Xiangguo
Published: September 2016

Over the past few years, there has been an increasing need for semantic information in automatic city modelling. However, due to the complexity of building structure, the semantic reconstruction of buildings is still a challenging task because it is difficult to extract architectural rules and semantic information from the data. To improve the insufficiencies, we present a semantic modelling framework-based approach for automated building reconstruction using the semantic information extracted from point clouds or images. In this approach, a semantic modelling framework is designed to describe and generate the building model, and a workflow is established for extracting the semantic information of buildings from an unorganized point cloud and converting the semantic information into the semantic modelling framework. The technical feasibility of our method is validated using three airborne laser scanning datasets, and the results are compared with other related works comprehensively, which indicate that our approach can simplify the reconstruction process from a point cloud and generate 3D building models with high accuracy and rich semantic information.
Effective Botulinum Toxin Injection Guide for Treatment of Temporal Headache
Authors: Choi You-Jin , Lee Won-Jae , Lee Hyung-Jin , Lee Kang-Woo , Kim Hee-Jin , Hu Kyung-Seok
Published: September 2016

This study involved an extensive analysis of published research on the morphology of the temporalis muscle in order to provide an anatomical guideline on how to distinguish the temporalis muscle and temporalis tendon by observing the surface of the patient’s face. Twenty-one hemifaces of cadavers were used in this study. The temporalis muscles were dissected clearly for morphological analysis between the temporalis muscle and tendon. The posterior border of the temporalis tendon was classified into three types: in Type I the posterior border of the temporalis tendon is located in front of reference line L2 (4.8%, 1/21), in Type II it is located between reference lines L2 and L3 (85.7%, 18/21), and in Type III it is located between reference lines L3 and L4 (9.5%, 2/21). The vertical distances between the horizontal line passing through the jugale (LH) and the temporalis tendon along each of reference lines L0, L1, L2, L3, and L4 were 29.7 ± 6.8 mm, 45.0 ± 8.8 mm, 37.7 ± 11.1 mm, 42.5 ± 7.5 mm, and 32.1 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. BoNT-A should be injected into the temporalis muscle at least 45 mm vertically above the zygomatic arch. This will ensure that the muscle region is targeted and so produce the greatest clinical effect with the minimum concentration of BoNT-A.
Undermining European Environmental Policy Goals? The EU Water Framework Directive and the Politics of Exemptions
Authors: Boeuf Blandine , Fritsch Oliver , Martin-Ortega Julia
Published: September 2016

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the core legislative instrument in the European Union for the protection of water resources. Adopted in 2000, its objectives were to achieve “good status” for water bodies by 2015 and prevent any further deterioration. However, the European Commission and some stakeholders are rather dissatisfied with the implementation of the Directive so far, in particular with the use of exemptions to the environmental objectives. Exemptions are of paramount importance: they may constitute a significant obstacle to the achievement of the WFD’s objectives as they enable member states to lower the ambition of the Directive and to delay the achievement of good status, thereby undermining the environmental goal of the WFD. Critical voices observe an excessive reliance on exemptions, poor justifications, and great variations in their use. Based on an analysis of 120 policy documents and 15 semi-structured interviews, this article provides explanations for the politics of exemptions in EU water management. It shows that different viewpoints and interpretations on the WFD’s objectives and exemptions were already present in the negotiation phase of the Directive, but remained undefined on purpose. Moreover, dysfunctional decision-making procedures in the Common Implementation Strategy and the lack of political support in WFD implementation were significant obstacles to an agreement on this important issue. Finally, decisions on WFD implementation in member states were often driven by pragmatism. The article explains how the negotiations of the WFD and the EU-level discussion on the implementation of the Directive undermined environmental goals in EU governance; its findings are also relevant for policy fields other than water.
Negotiating Rubbish in Dhërmi/Drimades of Southern Albania
Authors: Bon Nataša Gregorič
Published: September 2016

This article addresses the problem of rubbish in the coastal village of Dhërmi/Drimades in Southern Albania. On the one hand, people's dealings with rubbish are very much a reflection of historically determined political, economical, and social relationships in the village, region,
and country at large; on the other hand, rubbish negotiation have become one of the vital subjects in the process of construction and reconstruction of these relationships and the social space generally. This article explores the ways in which rubbish produces order and classifies what and
who is "out of place" and what and who is "of the place." The presented accounts illustrate people's never ending negotiations over who is responsible for dumping rubbish and who is responsible for it not being removed. When talking about these issues people delineate a multiplicity of contradictions
and shift the responsibility from "state" to "locality" and from "locality" to "state," from communal to individual and from individual to communal, from foreigners to locals and from locals to foreigners. All these conceptualizations are quite complex and depend on the social and cultural
background of the speaker. With the expansion of tourism and related growth in owners of tourist facilities, seasonal workers, emigrants, and tourists in recent years, questions about who or what is "out of place" and who or what is "of the place" become even more relevant. While the coastal
place serves as the source for this kind of negotiations, the negotiations themselves also construct this coastal place, on which local people who claim to originate from Dhërmi/Drimades situate their belonging.
"Muslimization," Mission, and Modernity in Morelos: The Problem of a Combined Hotel and Prayer Hall for the Muslims of Mexico
Authors: Lindley-Highfield Mark
Published: September 2016

A recent visitor to Mexico, from Muslim Aid, commented on the necessity for religious projects to exhibit self-sufficiency. In such a climate, the need for entrepreneurial ingenuity is essential to the successful operation of any religious enterprise. Dar as Salām is the
product of a pioneering Mexican project to bring a place of worship and conference center to the Mexican Muslim convert community. To provide itself with some revenue, it opened the doors of its residential accommodation to the public for visitors to the popular Mexican weekend retreat of
Tequesquitengo in Morelos. With the opening of these doors coincided a critique of the relationship between the place's Mexican and Muslim identities. Tequesquitengo provides the Muslim converts of Mexico with a retreat from the ordinary pressures of Mexican life, which has been likened to
the hijra, or exile, performed by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Yet, non-Muslim visitors who come to stay have brought with them the indulgences of their modern lifestyle, including the drinking of alcohol, "inappropriate" dress, and fornication. Some Muslim visitors to the mosque have
therefore been critical of the harām, or forbidden, nature to some of the activities taking place there, yet the center remains dependent on such sources of revenue for its existence. In this article, I examine how, through a process I call "Muslimization," moral critiques of
tourism practices at Dar as Salām are employed as a mode of situating the individual in relation to varying dynamics of power existing between competing elements within Mexico's Muslim community. Yet this contention is an inevitable product of the desire of external investors
to minimize a venture's dependency on external resources in a context where the Muslim community is still developing.
The Work of Tourism and the Fight for a New Economy: The Case of the Paupa New Guinea Mask Festival
Authors: Martin Keir
Published: September 2016

The annual Papua New Guinea Mask, held in the town of Rabaul, is organized by the government in order to, "preserve and protect culture in PNG," yet it is also explicitly envisaged as a potential tourist attraction. There are often tensions between the two stated purposes of the event,
with local critics arguing that the event damages rather than preserves custom. The participation of the tubuan, a masked dancing figure of the local Tolai people, provokes particular concern; tubuans mark the relationships between clans and the propriety of raising them when
they "have no work to do" is questioned. This is not the only controversy surrounding the festival. Since a volcanic eruption in 1994 the provincial capital has been moved to the nearby town of Kokopo, provoking anger among those with commercial interests in Rabaul. They suspect corrupt financial
motives lie behind attempts to move the Festival to Kokopo. These two seemingly unrelated controversies both express unease about the nature of economic relations in the postdisaster environment. The first expresses a consciousness of economic differentiation among grassroots Tolai, of which
a feeling that elites are commercializing custom is a central part. The second expresses a sense among the previously economically powerful that the disaster has been used to reorganize the political economy to their disadvantage. The contest over the location and meaning of the Festival can
be understood as a part of a wider struggle to renegotiate economic relations in the context of postdisaster reconstruction and of ongoing neoliberal globalization.
Development and Validation of the Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A National Population-Based Approach
Authors: Cho Hyunjeong , Kim Myoung-Hee , Kim Hyo Jin , Park Jae Yoon , Ryu Dong-Ryeol , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung Pyo , Lim Chun-Soo , Kim Kyoung Hoon , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Kim Dong Ki
Published: September 2016

Background

The utility of applying the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) to peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is disputed because the relative weight of each comorbidity in PD patients may be different from those in other chronic diseases. We aimed to develop and validate a modified CCI in incident PD patients (mCCI-IPD) for better risk stratification and prediction of mortality.

Methods

The mCCI-IPD was developed using data from all Korean adult incident PD patients between 2005 and 2008 ( n = 7,606). Multivariate Cox regression was used to determine new weights for the individual comorbidities in the CCI. The prognostic performance of the mCCI-IPD was validated in an independent cohort ( n = 664) through c-statistics and continuous net reclassification improvement (cNRI).

Results

A total of 75.5% of the patients in the development cohort had 1 or more comorbidities. The Cox proportional hazards model provided reassigned severity weights for the 11 comorbidities that significantly predicted mortality. In the validation cohort, the CCI and mCCI-IPD scores were both correlated with survival and showed no differences in their c-statistics. However, multivariate analyses using cNRI revealed that the mCCI-IPD provided a 38.2% improvement in mortality risk assessment compared with the CCI (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.3 – 61.0; p < 0.001). These significant reclassification improvements were observed consistently in subjects with events (cNRIEvent, 28.2% [95% CI, 6.9 – 49.5; p = 0.009]) and without events (cNRINon-event, 10.0% [95% CI, 1.7 – 18.2; p = 0.019]).

Conclusions

Compared with the CCI, the mCCI-IPD showed better performance in mortality prediction for incident PD patients. Therefore, this tool may be used as a preferred index for statistical analysis and clinical decision-making.
Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters
Authors: Varela-Aramburu Silvia , Wirth Richard , Lai Chian-Hui , Orts-Gil Guillermo , Seeberger Peter H
Published: September 2016

Gold nanoclusters are small (1–3 nm) nanoparticles with a high surface area that are useful for biomedical studies and drug delivery. The synthesis of small, surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters is greatly dependent on the reaction conditions. Here, we describe a straightforward, efficient and robust room temperature one-pot synthesis of 2 nm gold nanoclusters using thioglucose as a reducing and stabilizing agent, which was discovered by serendipity. The resultant monodisperse gold nanoclusters are more stable than those generated using some other common methods. The carboxylic acid contained in the stabilizing agent on the cluster surface serves as anchor for nanocluster functionalization. Alternatively, the addition of thiols serves to functionalize the nanoclusters. The resulting non-cytotoxic nanoclusters are taken up by cells and constitute a tuneable platform for biomedical applications including drug delivery.
ON THE EVOLUTION OF HIGH-REDSHIFT ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Authors: Mao Jirong , Kim Minsun
Published: September 2016

We build a simple physical model to study the high-redshift active galactic nucleus (AGN) evolution within the co-evolution framework of central black holes (BHs) and their host galaxies. The correlation between the circular velocity of a dark halo V

c
and the velocity dispersion of a galaxy σ is used to link the dark matter halo mass and BH mass. The dark matter halo mass function is converted to the BH mass function for any given redshift. The high-redshift optical AGN luminosity functions (LFs) are constructed. At

, the flattening feature is not shown at the faint end of the optical AGN LF. This is consistent with observational results. If the optical AGN LF at

can be reproduced in the case in which central BHs have the Eddington-limited accretion, it is possible for the AGN lifetime to have a small value of

. The X-ray AGN LFs and X-ray AGN number counts are also calculated at

and

, respectively, using the same parameters adopted in the calculation for the optical AGN LF at

. It is estimated that about 30 AGNs per

at

can be detected with a flux limit of

in the 0.5–2 keV band. Additionally, the cosmic reionization is also investigated. The ultraviolet photons emitted from the high-redshift AGNs mainly contribute to the cosmic reionization, and the central BHs of the high-redshift AGNs have a mass range of

. We also discuss some uncertainties in both the AGN LFs and AGN number counts originating from the

relation, Eddington ratio, AGN lifetime, and X-ray attenuation in our model.
THE PREVALENCE OF GAS OUTFLOWS IN TYPE 2 AGNs. II. 3D BICONICAL OUTFLOW MODELS
Authors: Bae Hyun-Jin , Woo Jong-Hak
Published: September 2016

We present 3D models of biconical outflows combined with a thin dust plane for investigating the physical properties of the ionized gas outflows and their effect on the observed gas kinematics in type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using a set of input parameters, we construct a number of models in 3D and calculate the spatially integrated velocity and velocity dispersion for each model. We find that three primary parameters, i.e., intrinsic velocity, bicone inclination, and the amount of dust extinction, mainly determine the simulated velocity and velocity dispersion. Velocity dispersion increases as the intrinsic velocity or the bicone inclination increases, while velocity (i.e., velocity shifts with respect to systemic velocity) increases as the amount of dust extinction increases. Simulated emission-line profiles well reproduce the observed [O iii] line profiles, e.g., narrow core and broad wing components. By comparing model grids and Monte Carlo simulations with the observed [O iii] velocity–velocity dispersion distribution of ∼39,000 type 2 AGNs, we constrain the intrinsic velocity of gas outflows ranging from ∼500 to ∼1000 km s−1 for the majority of AGNs, and up to ∼1500–2000 km s−1 for extreme cases. The Monte Carlo simulations show that the number ratio of AGNs with negative [O iii] velocity to AGNs with positive [O iii] velocity correlates with the outflow opening angle, suggesting that outflows with higher intrinsic velocity tend to have wider opening angles. These results demonstrate the potential of our 3D models for studying the physical properties of gas outflows, applicable to various observations, including spatially integrated and resolved gas kinematics.
A CENSUS OF LARGE-SCALE (≥10 PC), VELOCITY-COHERENT, DENSE FILAMENTS IN THE NORTHERN GALACTIC PLANE: AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION USING MINIMUM SPANNING TREE
Authors: Wang (王科) Ke , Testi Leonardo , Burkert Andreas , Walmsley C. Malcolm , Beuther Henrik , Henning Thomas
Published: September 2016

Large-scale gaseous filaments with lengths up to the order of 100 pc are on the upper end of the filamentary hierarchy of the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM). Their association with respect to the Galactic structure and their role in Galactic star formation are of great interest from both an observational and theoretical point of view. Previous “by-eye” searches, combined together, have started to uncover the Galactic distribution of large filaments, yet inherent bias and small sample size limit conclusive statistical results from being drawn. Here, we present (1) a new, automated method for identifying large-scale velocity-coherent dense filaments, and (2) the first statistics and the Galactic distribution of these filaments. We use a customized minimum spanning tree algorithm to identify filaments by connecting voxels in the position–position–velocity space, using the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey spectroscopic catalog. In the range of

, we have identified 54 large-scale filaments and derived mass (

), length (10–276 pc), linear mass density (54–8625

pc−1), aspect ratio, linearity, velocity gradient, temperature, fragmentation, Galactic location, and orientation angle. The filaments concentrate along major spiral arms. They are widely distributed across the Galactic disk, with 50% located within ±20 pc from the Galactic mid-plane and 27% run in the center of spiral arms. An order of 1% of the molecular ISM is confined in large filaments. Massive star formation is more favorable in large filaments compared to elsewhere. This is the first comprehensive catalog of large filaments that can be useful for a quantitative comparison with spiral structures and numerical simulations.
Interbau. Exposición internacional de la construcción – Berlín
Authors: Cassinello Fernando
Published: September 2016

La Exposición Internacional de la Construcción, organizada por el Gobierno federal alemán en Berlín —Interbau—, ha constituido un verdadero éxito, tanto por la magnitud de sus obras como por la talla de los técnicos concurrentes y perfecta organización del certamen.
Edificio Eiffel
Authors: Niemeyer Oscar
Published: September 2016

Oscar Niemeyer ha resuelto este bloque de viviendas con originalidad de fachadas y acertada composición de volúmenes. Su emplazamiento, en la Plaza de la República de Río de Janeiro, ha sido felizmente aprovechado al resolver su alzado principal a ella con gran diafanidad, alternando las superficies acristaladas y paneles de piezas prefabricadas perforadas. El cuerpo central se eleva airoso sobre los laterales, más bajos, apoyándose todo el conjunto sobre una base de apariencia mas sólida —la zona comercial—, cuyo cuerpo superior, liso y blanco, está monótonamente modulado por una serie de pequeñas ventanas. El edificio se destina a viviendas. En él se distribuyen 54 apartamentos, todos ellos de tipo Duplex, con absoluta separación entre las zonas nobles y de servicio. De sus 12.800 m2 de superficie construida, sólo 9.940 m2 son de área útil.
Autopistas y aeródromos
Authors: Rodríguez Georges
Published: September 2016

Estado actual, realización y proyectos de algunas de las pistas de aeródromos y grandes vías de circulación en Francia. El autor se extiende, además, en algunas consideraciones de ejecución, características específicas y maquinaria auxiliar potente.
Torre Hermes, Exposición de Hannóver
Authors: Leonhardt Fritz
Published: September 2016

La torre de Hermes, construida en el recinto de la feria de muestras de Hannover, símbolo artístico de la casa Maschinenfabrik R. Stahl, fabricantes de ascensores, tiene un mirador superior situado a 80 m de altura. Es de hormigón armado, constituida por dos tubos elípticos arriostrados con crucetas transversales, y dispone de un ascensor potente y rapidísimo, que maniobra al exterior de los tubos, siendo visible al público en todo su recorrido.
Medical Tower, en Houston
Authors: Goleman y Rolfe Arquitectos , Skidmore. Owings y Merrill Consultores
Published: September 2016

El tener un fácil acceso al público y sólo separarle dos manzanas del hotel Shamrock Hilton, uno de los mayores de la ciudad, confirman lo acertado de su emplazamiento. La composición general del bloque es la de una alta torre, acristalada en sus dos lados mayores y completamente ciega —de fábrica de ladrillo claro— en los piñones. A modo de amplia y segura base, un cuerpo más ancho ocupa las plantas segunda, tercera y cuarta, en las que se distribuye el garaje, con capacidad para quinientos veinticinco coches.
Centro Profesional del Este. Caracas
Authors: Romero Gutiérrez Jorge , Neuberger Pedro , Bornhorst Dirk
Published: September 2016

El edificio para el «Centro Profesional del Este» tiene como finalidad agrupar a los profesionales de diferentes especialidades, cuyo trabajo está relacionado con la planificación e industria de la construcción. Tanto en el sentido de creación como en el de realidad utilizable, ha sido concebido como un todo armónico que pueda satisfacer, no sólo las necesidades de tipo técnico, sino aquéllas de correlación de actividades afines desde el punto de vista económico, social y cultural.
Puente pretensado, en Madrid
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: September 2016

Paso superior, de hormigón pretensado, sobre la carretera de Madrid a Toledo, en su acceso a la capital a través de la barriada de Villaverde, construido por la Jefatura de Obras Públicas de Madrid, bajo la dirección del ingeniero de Caminos Lamberto de los Santos, en el que se ha empleado el sistema español de pretensado Barredo.
Cenizas volantes
Authors: De Paredes Gaibrois Pablo García
Published: September 2016

La utilización de las cenizas volantes ocupa, muy a menudo, las páginas de las revistas científicas y técnicas. En el primer semestre de este año han sido publicados diversos trabajos que nos proponemos glosar siguiendo la tradición de nuestro Instituto, cuya Dirección siempre ha dedicado a este tema un destacado interés, como lo demuestran los trabajos y publicaciones del doctor don Demetrio Gaspar Tébar, y entre los cuales destaca la monografía num. 175, que encierra una exhaustiva revisión de las múltiples aplicaciones de estos materiales, junto con valiosas experiencias propias.
Escuela secundaria, en Gentofte, cerca de Copenhague
Authors: Jacobsen Arne , Birch y Krogboe Ingenieros
Published: September 2016

Las autoridades municipales danesas tienen a su cargo el proporcionar escuelas dignas y suficientes para los niños, tanto del grado primario como secundario. En las ciento quince escuelas de Copenhague cursan estudios 124.846 alumnos, de los cuales sólo un 5% se matriculan en escuelas privadas, dato que demuestra la eficiencia de la enseñanza oficial.
La central hidroeléctrica de Birsfelden
Authors: Aegerter A. , Bosshardt O. , Hofmann - Bercher – Zimmer Arquitectos
Published: September 2016

La central hidroeléctrica de Birsfelden, situada sobre el rio Rhin, en su margen izquierda, que sirve de frontera en este tramo entre Alemania y Suiza, forma parte de las obras de un aprovechamiento de pequeño salto, a flor del agua, en el que, debido al gran caudal, se han instalado cuatro grupos de 30.000 CV cada uno. La central por sí sola constituye una obra funcional de rico sabor y alcance arquitectónico.
Casa de plástico, en Francia
Authors: Schein Lionel , Magnant Yves
Published: September 2016

«He recogido esta caracola de entre la arena. No se me ofrecía como un algo informe, sino como un algo todas cuyas partes y facetas muestran una interdependencia, una tan notable continuidad una con otra, y un acuerdo tal, que pude, tras una simple ojeada, concebir y prever las formas en su sucesión. Estas facetas y estas partes unidas por lazos que no son sólo la cohesión y solidez de la materia. Observaciones todas que me llevan a pensar en la fabricación de un caracol como posible». (Paul Valéry: «L'homme et la Coquille»), Esta meditación sobre la estructura protectora de un organismo vivo sirve de introducción conceptual al estudio de la vivienda evolutiva. A nadie escapará la profunda analogía existente entre las ideas, que han regido su concepción y realización y las que de la exquisita prosa del pensador francés se desprenden.
Apartamentos
Authors: Barba Corsini F. J.
Published: September 2016

Considero verdaderamente interesante el estudio del apartamento amueblado, por las sugerencias que ofrece al arquitecto. Partiendo de un programa familiar de la máxima elasticidad posible, puede resolverse la planta con una libertad que hasta el momento no consideramos adecuada a las viviendas que, por ser habitación permanente para la familia, debe permitir a cada uno de sus miembros la mayor independencia posible.
Pistas para aeródromos. Ideas generales de cálculo en Estados Unidos
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: September 2016

Breve comentario a los métodos que actualmente se están empleando en los Estados Unidos para el cálculo del espesor óptimo que corresponde a una pista de aterrizaje en función de la carga por rueda del aparato más pesado que los ha de utilizar. Complementan a este trabajo unos ejemplos prácticos de aplicación inmediata.
Base aérea de Zaragoza
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: September 2016

De acuerdo con un plan previsto por la acción gubernamental conjunta entré los Estados Unidos y España, se ha procedido a la modernización, ampliación y reforma de los aeródromos, civil y militar, que se habían construido previamente en Zaragoza, y del nuevo aeródromo de Torrejón. Para la descripción de estas obras y de sus principales características técnicas y funcionales, nos hemos visto ayudados generosamente por el Departamento de la Marina de los Estados Unidos, a través de don Agustín Iglesia, ingeniero afecto a este servicio en España, y por don R. Sellmer, Director de Relaciones Públicas de la conocida empresa constructora Brown-Raymond-Walsh, que constituye un potente grupo de contratistas de reconocido prestigio en los Estados Unidos.
Kimberley-Clark Corporation
Authors: Skidmore - Owings – Merrill Arquitectos Ingenieros
Published: September 2016

La papelera Kimberly-Clark es uno de los grupos más importantes de este ramo de la industria de los Estados Unidos. En la actualidad la Compañía extiende su red comercial por todo el mundo, expansión que ha hecho necesaria la construcción de nuevos edificios para sus servicios de administración. La firma decidió realizar estas construcciones en el lugar en que durante ochenta y cuatro años ha tenido su cuartel general.
Edificio de la Dynamit A. G. en Troisdorf
Authors: Schaeffer Paul
Published: September 2016

En el cruce de la calle Kolner y la Kaiser se levanta el nuevo edificio de la Dirección General de la "Dynamit" A. G.
Pabellón Schindler
Authors: Boyer A.
Published: September 2016

Las ventajas que las estructuras metálicas ofrecen, son de todos conocidas: relación peso-resistencia reducida; facilidad de empalmes, uniones y corte de piezas; rapidez de montaje, etc., etc. Pero hasta hace pocos años las estructuras formadas por barras rectas, en retícula espacial de vigas y soportes de alma llena, era casi la única empleada en la construcción, prestando a sus edificaciones un aspecto característico de rígida y uniforme modulación.
Aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico de las mareas en el estuario del río Rance
Authors: Vié Georges
Published: September 2016

Aprobado el proyecto del aprovechamiento de la energía creada por las mareas marítimas en el estuario del río Ranee (Francia), los estudios que hasta hoy han tenido forma de anteproyecto se han transformado en posibilidades, cuya realización no se hará esperar. En este trabajo se recogen las características más importantes de este proyecto particular, y se analizan, someramente, el mecanismo de las mareas y el de su utilización racional.
Bloques de hormigón para muros
Authors: María Eymar José
Published: September 2016

En el Instituto Técnico de la Construcción y del Cemento se están llevando a cabo una serie de ensayos sobre un tipo de bloque semipesado de hormigón, al que se ha llegado después de diversas modificaciones y tanteos. Estos bloques pueden fabricarse a pie de obra, ya que para su ejecución se emplean unos moldes sumamente sencillos, robustos y fácilmente transportables, y no se necesitan como instalaciones fijas más que una solera de hormigón. La mano de obra no es necesario que sea especializada, y en todo caso en una sola jornada puede quedar el personal obrero totalmente enterado y dispuestos a ejecutar el moldeo. Los precios obtenidos son inferiores a los de un muro de ladrillo de 25 cm, enfoscado en su cara externa y guarnecido de yeso en la interna.
Aspen Meadows. Colorado
Authors: Bayer Herbert , Benedict Fritz
Published: September 2016

La Bauhaus es uno de los principales movimientos artísticos creadores de la arquitectura moderna. Sus personalidades, tales como Kandinsky, Klee, Schlemmer, Feininger y Walter Gropius..., han hecho una aportación creadora de valor incalculable. Pero junto a ellos hay que reconocer el valor de sus jóvenes alumnos, los cuales supieron convertir en realidad las tendencias funcionalistas por ellos preconizadas, y a ellos se debe el desarrollo de las artes mecánicas, de la tipografía, del mobiliario...; todo ello concebido de acuerdo con una nueva forma de vida. A esta generación creadora de los jóvenes maestros pertenece Herbert Bayer, uno de los autores del proyecto, formado junto a Marcel Breuer, y Albers.
Cafetería de un colegio. Louisiana
Authors: Desmond John , Jackson Davis A.
Published: September 2016

Ocupando una posición central respecto al conjunto de residencias, facultades y campos de deportes del "Southeastern Louisiana College", se ha levantado el edificio de la cafetería, con capacidad para ochocientas personas. Ocupa una superficie aproximada de 2.500 m2, en los que se han distribuido convenientemente cocinas y comedores, separados por una gran barra de autoservicio.
Antifascismo: un espacio de encuentro entre el exilio y la política nacional. El caso de Vicente Lombardo Toledano en México (1936-1945)
Authors: Acle-Kreysing Andrea
Published: September 2016

Este artículo propone una lectura original del antifascismo, entendido como una cultura política trasatlántica, a partir del caso del líder sindicalista Vicente Lombardo Toledano. Se discute la evolución del significado del antifascismo en México, centrado en la recreación del legado de la Revolución Mexicana, en el período comprendido entre la Guerra Civil española y la Segunda Guerra Mundial, enfatizando la colaboración entre el exilio antifascista europeo y los círculos izquierdistas locales. A partir de varios documentos inéditos, se reivindica el protagonismo que México ejerció entonces en virtud de su compromiso ideológico.
Art and Space
Authors: Crespi Giulia
Published: September 2016

The duo “Art and Space” looks very easy to understand: art interacts with spaces, uses spaces or simply fills spaces. However, starting from this simple consideration, what this chapter would like to propose is a reflection about a kind of art that creates spaces and places instead, expanding the discussion about the interdisciplinary approach of artists to creation. Considering the works of some artist that have made the intervention on spaces one of their prerogatives, the research would like to focus on the new connections that arise between the artist and the public through these creations. The imagery of Yayoi Kusama, Tomas Saraceno, Anish Kapoor, Cristina Iglesias, Carsten Nicolai, Rudolf Stingel, among others, allows a different perception and fruition, most of time asking to the spectator itself to be an active part in the work of art.
Towards Regenerative Urban Environments
Authors: Zhu Xiaocun , Galland Pius Leuba Dit , Dick Ryan D. , Wallis Raefer K.
Published: September 2016

This chapter uses air pollution to illustrate how regeneration can be achieved within interior environments. It explores urban growth and reveals the impact that increasing populations and modern lifestyles have on interior spaces, people's interactions, the natural environment, and human health. Air pollution and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) are identified as key indicators of urban vitality and quality. Performance driven design and healthy IAQ solutions are highlighted as decisive drivers towards regenerative urban environments. The open flow of personally relevant, objective data is shown to be a strong driver for public awareness and bottom-up, sustainable change. The text illustrates how to create health-giving cities that support human activities while simultaneously providing health benefits to occupants. The aim of this chapter is to provide readers with replicable design strategies and catalyze industry demand for performance driven, regenerative urban interior environments.
Improving Interior-Design Decision-Making in Daylit Spaces
Authors: Hafiz Dalia
Published: September 2016

Case study represents a principle methodology when an in-depth investigation is needed. It can be an alternative to traditional approaches to emphasize the researcher's perspective as central to the process. In an effort to allow for tool application purposefully selected architects and decision-makers were encouraged to apply a new decision-support tool; which that aims at enhancing decision-making though visual comfort evaluation. A selected case study space was used for application: a daylit museum located in Washington DC Metropolitan was examined for visual discomfort problems. Since museums are typically carefully lit because of the sensitivity of exhibits, this case study evaluated the daylighting condition in a museum using a series of illuminance field measurements, simulations and views experienced by occupants along a circulation path through the space. The case study also aimed at understanding how small design changes can affect visual comfort as a tactic for the case studies. A collaborative design effort was used in different stages of the case study.
Management of Drought and Floods in Romania
Authors: Roşu Lucica , Zăgan Remus
Published: September 2016

This chapter presents concepts of drought and flood management, information on the steps taken and on the national policies applied in Romania in this field. The Romanian institutional framework for the management of droughts and floods is detailed, as well as the planning phase, the plans, the strategies and the programs that establish Romania's national priorities on climate change and the management of droughts and floods, in line with the EU directives and international conventions and treaties Romania is part of. Information is also given about preventive, operative measures of intervention and rehabilitation, as part of the operational and emergency situations response management, as well as the guidelines, trends and future actions of prevention and control for this category of disasters in Romania.
Review of Climate Change Adaptation and Social Protection Policies of Ghana
Authors: Frimpong Kwasi , Van Etten Eddie , Oosthuzien Jacques , Fannam Victor Nufam
Published: September 2016

Smallholder farming has become a significant livelihood coping strategy of the population in Ghana. However, in the last decade the upsurge of climate change and the effect of heat stress vulnerability on smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana are alarming. This article investigates the chances of using social protection and climate change adaptation policies towards the management of risks associated with heat stress emanating from climate change. It reviews salient literature on heat stress, social protection, and climate change policies and develops a model upon which both domestic and international interest in climate and social protection policies of Ghana and Sub-Sahara Africa can reduce or aggravate heat stress impacts on smallholder farmers both at their working environment and at household level. It exemplifies the efficacy of the strength of social protection and climate change adaptation policies in Ghana and its impacts on vulnerable rural smallholder farmers and how such situation is replicated in many parts of Africa. It outlines further measures that can be undertaken by governments and international donor agencies to revamp the destitution of smallholder farmers to climate change and heat stress in African region.