bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unintentional injuries of children and adolescents treated in emergency medical services: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jović Duška , Skela-Savič Brigita , Petrović-Tepić Snežana , Knežević Darija , Tepić Aleksandar , Burgić-Radmanović Marija , Dobrovoljski Daniela , Egeljić-Mihailović Nataša
Published: January 2023

Background/Aim: Unintentional injuries among children and adolescents have become a common issue in public healthcare. The study objective was to analyse the characteristics and identify predictors associated with unintentional injuries in children and adolescents treated in emergency medical services (EMS) in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: A cross-section study with retrospective analysis of WebMedic e-database from 14 EMS, in the period between January 2018 and December 2020 was conducted. Research included patients with unintentional injuries, aged ≤ 19 years, of both sexes. For comparison between groups, Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression were used in risk factor analysis. Results: A total of 1,856 cases were identified, most injuries resulted from falls (46.7 %) and traffic injuries (26.9 %). Boys were significantly more affected by injuries than girls (p < 0.001). Falls were the major cause for reporting to EMS among age groups of children (0-9 years) and adolescents (10-14 years), whereas injuries in traffic were dominant in adolescents aged 15 to 19. The most common injuries were head injuries (35.7 %). Risk factors of unintentional injuries were age (p < 0.001), sex (p = 0.046), weekday (p = 0.016), winter (p = 0.014), body region (head, abdomen, lower and upper limbs (p < 0.001), thorax (p = 0.009)). Conclusions: There were significant differences in characteristics of unintentional injuries according to age and sex. Chances for occurrence of unintentional injuries among children increased with their age, especially for boys. These differences might indicate areas where preventive measures should be undertaken.
Aetiology and frequency of coma in Emergency department of the primary healthcare centre
Authors: Banjac Nada , Aleksić Nevena , Maksimović Žana , Hadžić Renata , Mihajlović Dalibor
Published: January 2023

Background/Aim: Coma is the most severe disturbance of consciousness from which the patient cannot wake up and in which there is no verbal and motor response or opening of the eyes. The aim of the research was to establish the frequency of occurrence of coma and the aetiology of coma in the Banja Luka Emergency Department (ED). Also, the goal was to analyse the accuracy of the referral diagnosis and potential factors that can help the doctor in making a correct diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. In the ED database, in the period from January to September 2022, all patients diagnosed with coma have been found. The gender and age of the patient, vital parameters, performed diagnostic methods and therapy were recorded. The referral diagnosis, the department to which the patient was referred, as well as the final diagnosis determined in hospital conditions were recorded. Results: In the period from January to September 2022 there were 95 patients who were diagnosed with coma. The average age of the patients was 67.76 ± 16.56 years, there were 56 (58.9 %) men and 39 (41.1 %) women. Of that number, 41 (43.2 %) patients were diagnosed with hypoglycaemic coma and those patients were treated in the field. Out of 54 patients, 32 (59.3 %) patients had a confirmed referral diagnosis, while 22 (40.7 %) patients had another diagnosis established at the hospital. All patients with suspected intracranial bleeding or stroke were correctly diagnosed and adequately referred, while all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of sepsis and shock were incorrectly referred (ch2 = 30.563, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The most frequent were coma caused by hypoglycaemia and coma caused by brain ischaemia and non-traumatic bleeding, which were adequately recognised and treated and/or referred. Coma caused by sepsis and shock of different aetiology was not recognised as such and was referred to a neurologist, where precious time was wasted. In order to reduce errors in the field, it is necessary to pay more attention to the anamnestic data on diseases and perform a somatic and neurological examination adequately.
Configuración del cuidado familiar de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Un estudio en el área sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Díaz Cortés Ana
Published: January 2023

La alta prevalencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer supone un reto para los sistemas públicos. A pesar de los esfuerzos que se han llevado a cabo los últimos años estableciendo políticas públicas encaminadas a reforzar los recursos destinados al cuidado de estos pacientes, las familias siguen siendo el pilar básico de los cuidados en España. Este trabajo constituye una aproximación a la configuración del cuidado entre un grupo de personas cuidadoras de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer en el área sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela. El objetivo fue hacer una fotografía de la interiorización del cuidado, su integración en la unidad familiar, afrontamiento y repercusiones. A tal fin se ha realizado un estudio cualitativo mediante entrevista en profundidad a 40 cuidadores principales de pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de Alzheimer con criterios NIA-AA en diferentes fases evolutivas. Los resultados ponen de relieve el gran compromiso con el cuidado —con una importante tradición familiar—, un afrontamiento flexible, una marcada interiorización del cuidado como un evento negativo y estresante, y una falta de reconocimiento y apoyo social.
The Politics of the Second Vaccine
Authors: James Myfanwy , Kasereka Joseph Grace , Lees Shelley
Published: January 2023

Two experimental Ebola vaccines were deployed during the tenth Ebola epidemic
(2018–20) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The first, the
Ervebo vaccine manufactured by Merck, was used as part of a ring vaccination in
the epicentre of the epidemic in North Kivu. In 2019, the prime- (Ad26.ZEBOV)
and boost- (MVA-BN-Filo) vaccine manufactured by Johnson & Johnson
(J&J) became the second vaccine against Ebola, deployed by the DRC-EB-001
vaccine trial in Goma, North Kivu. There was international debate as to the
value and ethics of testing a second vaccine in an epidemic context. This
article examines how this debate unfolded among actual and potential DRC-EB-001
trial participants in Goma. Drawing on ethnographic observation, interviews and
focus groups, it explores how the trial was perceived and contested on the
ground and situated in broader debates about the ethics of clinical trials,
especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We illustrate how debates around the
ethics of clinical research are not simply centred on bioethical principles but
are inseparable from local political dynamics and broader contests about
governance, inequality and exclusion.
Epidemics of Neglect
Authors: McIver Lachlan , Guevara Maria , Alcoba Gabriel
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed multiple fault lines in the performances of
health services at every level – from community to national to global
– in ensuring universal, equitable access to preventive and curative
care. Tragically, this has been to the detriment of those who have suffered and
died not only from COVID-19, but also from the myriad other ailments affecting
people around the world. Of those, we wish to highlight here some key categories
of diseases that have caused a greater burden of illness and deaths as a
consequence of the policies and political decisions made in relation to the
COVID-19 pandemic. In our view, these should be considered epidemics or, more
accurately, syndemics – the clustering and interactions of two or more
diseases or health conditions and socio-environmental factors – of
neglect.
The Political Marketplace Framework and Mass Starvation
Authors: Sarkar Aditya , Spatz Benjamin J. , de Waal Alex , Newton Christopher , Maxwell Daniel
Published: January 2023

In 2017, the UN raised the alarm on famines in North-east Nigeria, Somalia, South
Sudan and Yemen. Starvation has been used as a weapon of war in Syria, and the
Democratic Republic of the Congo currently has among the largest numbers of
severely food-insecure people of any country assessed by the Integrated Food
Security Phase Classification (IPC) system. Each of these sites of mass
starvation or famine can be understood as a ‘political
marketplace’. They are characterised by the dominance of transactional
politics over public institutions, and elite politics is conducted for factional
or personal political advantage, on the basis of monetised patronage. This paper
examines the relationship between these systems of transactional politics and
famine and other forms of mass starvation, and outlines the implications of the
political marketplace framework for humanitarian action. It argues that both
transactional politics and mass starvation emerge from particular
political-economic configurations characterised by economic precarity and
mismanagement, violent forms of peripheral governance and war economies.
Applying the political marketplace framework can help improve humanitarian
information and early warning systems, as well as programme decision-making,
while helping humanitarians think more carefully about the constant trade-offs
they are forced to make.
Restrictions, Obligations and Prohibitions related to the Prevention of Corruption Offenses in the Internal Affairs Bodies
Authors: Diskina Viktoriya Nikolaevna
Published: January 2023

In order to counteract corruption in the internal affairs bodies, anti-corruption restrictions, duties and prohibitions were imposed on employees. In this connection, employees are required to provide information on income, expenses, and property obligations for themselves and their family members, comply with the requirements for resolving conflicts of interest, promptly notify the manager of the employee's inducement to commit corruption offenses, as well as comply with other anti-corruption provisions. In addition, a police officer is obliged to prevent abuse of official authority, as well as to comply with the requirements for official behavior of an employee. Thus, if employees comply with the prescribed anti-corruption regulations, it is possible to minimize corruption in the police, which grows not only in the internal affairs bodies, but also in other authorities, and negatively affects the authority and reputation of federal executive authorities.
Organization of the Educational Process in Modern Conditions of Digital Transformation of Education
Authors: Kuznetsova Liudmila Vladimirovna , Lazareva Irina Yur'evna
Published: January 2023

The object of the study is the pedagogical training of highly qualified personnel within the framework of the adjunct system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The subject of the study is the organization of the educational process in educational institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia based on the use of digital technologies corresponding to the digitalization of education developing in our country. The main requirements of the state policy in the field of education in the conditions of digitalization of society are considered. Based on the study of this issue, as well as the use of practical experience, the paper highlights the main approaches and principles of the organization of the modern educational process, taking into account the personalization of learning. The necessity of changing the attitude to the organization of the educational process aimed at updating the goals, content, methods, means and forms of education due to the influence of digital technologies is emphasized. The methodology of the research is presented by empirical methods that provide an analysis of the existing practice of organizing the educational process in educational institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the use of methodological experience, as well as generalization of existing models of organizing the learning process in the conditions of digitalization of society, using personal experience of organizing the educational process according to training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel. The novelty of the research is the authors' identification of principles and methods, as well as stages of the organization of the educational process in the adjunct. The conclusion is made about the need to expand the possibilities of using digital technologies to ensure the individualization of training programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel.
Autographs of Peter the Great: Reading with Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Creating an Electronic Archive
Authors: Bazarova Tat'yana Anatol'evna , Proskuryakova Mariya Evgen'evna
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to modern digital methods of working with the handwritten heritage of Peter I. They were applied within the framework of the scientific project "Autographs of Peter the Great: Reading by artificial intelligence technologies". The project was initiated by the Russian Historical Society and implemented by specialists of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sberbank PJSC. The article describes the methodology of preparing a data set for creating a program for machine reading of the manuscripts of Peter the Great ("Digital Peter"). Special emphasis is placed by the authors on the principles of transcribing of the historical text developed during the project. In addition, the cases of the use of non-letter characters by Peter I and the difficulties caused by this in the formation of a data set are analyzed. The article also reflects the results of the created algorithm and identifies variants of the organization of the text of Peter I, which reduce the quality of recognition. The authors also paid attention to the electronic archive "Autographs of Peter I", which became a continuation of the project on machine reading of the manuscripts of the first Russian emperor. The archive, which is being worked on, contains digital copies of Peter's autographs, the results of their recognition by the Digital Peter program, as well as scientific publications of these unique historical sources. The Internet portal "Autographs of Peter I" is associated with the resource: "Biochronics of Peter the Great day by day" (created on the HSE website). The connection of the two sites opens up additional opportunities for researchers: each digitized autograph is introduced into a historical context.
Keine Texte
Authors: Pappert Steffen , Roth Kersten Sven
Published: January 2023

Im Beitrag wird ein Sachverhalt thematisiert, der meist kaum wahrgenommen, aber möglicherweise dem einen oder der anderen während der Corona-Zeit tatsächlich aufgefallen ist: Es gibt Situationen, in denen wir Texte augenscheinlich und begründbar vermissen. Jene Situationen sind vielfältig und das Entbehren der Texte betrifft nicht unbedingt alle Beteiligten der aus unterschiedlichen Gründen verhinderten Textkommunikation. Das einende Band jener Konstellationen ist, dass es augenscheinlich keine Texte gibt, die die situationsabhängigen Erwartungen erfüllen. Gleichwohl sind wir in der Lage, aus den dadurch entstehenden Leerstellen entsprechende Schlüsse zu ziehen. Derlei Implikaturen gehören aus unserer Sicht durchaus zum Gegenstand textlinguistischer Überlegungen, vor allem dann, wenn man die kommunikative Praxis einer Gesellschaft mit all ihren Facetten als Teil einer empirisch fassbaren Textwirklichkeit begreift. So werden wir anhand ausgewählter Beispiele zeigen, dass auch ‚keine Texte‘ unter bestimmten Umständen durchaus et- was ‚ausdrücken‘, das wir in aller Regel wissens- und erfahrungsbasiert erschließen können, und zwar einerseits in Abhängigkeit von der konkreten Lektüresituation vor Ort und andererseits im Zusammenhang mit bestimmten gesellschaftlich relevanten Diskursen.
Einstellungen diskursiv ermitteln: Online-Diskussion um das Belarusische
Authors: Savitskaya Natallia
Published: January 2023

Die Sprachsituation in Belarus ist in vieler Hinsicht untypisch und theoretisch schwer erfassbar: Für ihre Analyse ist die Innenperspektive – die Spracheinstellungen – besonders relevant. Die Studie verfolgt das Ziel, durch die Verbindung eines sozialpsychologischen Einstellungsmodells und der diskurslinguistischen toposbasierten Mehr-Ebenen-Analyse ein interdisziplinäres Analyseinstrumentarium zur diskursiven Ermittlung und detaillierten Beschreibung von (Sprach-)Einstellungen zu entwickeln, mit dem das widerspruchsvolle Konstrukt der Nationalsprache im kollektiven Denken in Belarus erfasst und Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung sprachplanerischer Tätigkeit im Land gewonnen werden. Die ermittelte diskursive Argumentationsarchitektur kann als Referenzbasis bei der Aufstellung von Argumentationstypologien in Bezug auf indominante Nationalsprachen dienen. Das erstellte Forschungsmodell soll generalisierend jeder gesellschaftlichen Disziplin eine differenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit Einstellungen zu sämtlichen diskursiv präsenten gesellschaftsrelevanten Objekten erlauben.
"Jeg har aldri brukt nynorsk før"
Authors: Nordeide Britt Iren
Published: January 2023

Det er eit krav til lærarar som underviser i skulen i Noreg at dei meistrar både nynorsk og bokmål. Fleire undersøkingar viser at lærarutdannings­institusjonane ikkje sikrar denne kompetansen, og at lærarstudentane som kjem ut i skulen, har for dårleg kompetanse i nynorsk. Denne studien undersøkjer haldningane lærarar under vidareutdanning har til nynorsk, og samanhengar mellom haldningar og den faglege bakgrunnen til lærarane, skriftspråkbakgrunnen deira og den skriftspråklege praksisen deira. Til grunn for studien ligg ei online spørjeundersøking der respondentane er grunnskulelærarar som var studentar på eit nettbasert Kompetanse for kvalitet-kurs i norsk studieåret 2019/2020 ved Høg­skulen på Vestlandet. Kurset rekrutterer studentar frå heile landet, og det store fleirtalet av studentane definerer seg sjølve som bokmåls­brukarar. Artikkelen bidrar med innsikt i haldningar som eit utval lærarar har til nynorsk i opplæringa, og i eventuelle samanhengar mellom dei sjølv­rapporterte haldningane og bruken av nynorsk i undervisninga. Eit hovud­funn er at lærarane i undersøkinga kjenner ulik grad av kompetanse, og såleis meistring, i nynorsk og bokmål, og dette kjem til uttrykk når dei utøver yrket sitt. Det er vidare ein svak tendens til at respondentane som har bakgrunn frå grunnskulelærarutdanningane, er noko meir positive til nynorsk enn dei som har bakgrunn frå dei andre utdannings­gruppene som er representerte i undersøkinga.
A more reliable species richness estimator based on the Gamma–Poisson model
Authors: Chiu Chun-Huo
Published: January 2023

Background

Accurately estimating the true richness of a target community is still a statistical challenge, particularly in highly diverse communities. Due to sampling limitations or limited resources, undetected species are present in many surveys and observed richness is an underestimate of true richness. In the literature, methods for estimating the undetected richness of a sample are generally divided into two categories: parametric and nonparametric estimators. Imposing no assumptions on species detection rates, nonparametric methods demonstrate robust statistical performance and are widely used in ecological studies. However, nonparametric estimators may seriously underestimate richness when species composition has a high degree of heterogeneity. Parametric approaches, which reduce the number of parameters by assuming that species-specific detection probabilities follow a given statistical distribution, use traditional statistical inference to calculate species richness estimates. When species detection rates meet the model assumption, the parametric approach could supply a nearly unbiased estimator. However, the infeasibility and inefficiency of solving maximum likelihood functions limit the application of parametric methods in ecological studies when the model assumption is violated, or the collected data is sparse.

Method

To overcome these estimating challenges associated with parametric methods, an estimator employing the moment estimation method instead of the maximum likelihood estimation method is proposed to estimate parameters based on a Gamma-Poisson mixture model. Drawing on the concept of the Good-Turing frequency formula, the proposed estimator only uses the number of singletons, doubletons, and tripletons in a sample for undetected richness estimation.

Results

The statistical behavior of the new estimator was evaluated by using real and simulated data sets from various species abundance models. Simulation results indicated that the new estimator reduces the bias presented in traditional nonparametric estimators, presents more robust statistical behavior compared to other parametric estimators, and provides confidence intervals with better coverage among the discussed estimators, especially in assemblages with high species composition heterogeneity.
The biomarkers discovery of hyperuricemia and gout: proteomics and metabolomics
Authors: Wu Xinghong , You Chongge
Published: January 2023

Background

Hyperuricemia and gout are a group of disorders of purine metabolism. In recent years, the incidence of hyperuricemia and gout has been increasing, which is a severe threat to people’s health. Several studies on hyperuricemia and gout in proteomics and metabolomics have been conducted recently. Some literature has identified biomarkers that distinguish asymptomatic hyperuricemia from acute gout or remission of gout. We summarize the physiological processes in which these biomarkers may be involved and their role in disease progression.

Methodology

We used professional databases including PubMed, Web of Science to conduct the literature review. This review addresses the current landscape of hyperuricemia and gout biomarkers with a focus on proteomics and metabolomics.

Results

Proteomic methods are used to identify differentially expressed proteins to find specific biomarkers. These findings may be suggestive for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperuricemia and gout to explore the disease pathogenesis. The identified biomarkers may be mediators of the link between hyperuricemia, gout and kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Metabolomics reveals the main influential pathways through small molecule metabolites, such as amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, or other characteristic metabolic pathways. These studies have contributed to the discovery of Chinese medicine. Some traditional Chinese medicine compounds can improve the metabolic disorders of the disease.

Conclusions

We suggest some possible relationships of potential biomarkers with inflammatory episodes, complement activation, and metabolic pathways. These biomarkers are able to distinguish between different stages of disease development. However, there are relatively few proteomic as well as metabolomic studies on hyperuricemia and gout, and some experiments are only primary screening tests, which need further in-depth study.
No effect of attentional modulation by spatial cueing in a masked numerical priming paradigm using continuous flash suppression (CFS)
Authors: Handschack Juliane , Rothkirch Marcus , Sterzer Philipp , Hesselmann Guido
Published: January 2023

One notion emerging from studies on unconscious visual processing is that different “blinding techniques” seem to suppress the conscious perception of stimuli at different levels of the neurocognitive architecture. However, even when only the results from a single suppression method are compared, the picture of the scope and limits of unconscious visual processing remains strikingly heterogeneous, as in the case of continuous flash suppression (CFS). To resolve this issue, it has been suggested that high-level semantic processing under CFS is facilitated whenever interocular suppression is attenuated by the removal of visuospatial attention. In this behavioral study, we aimed to further investigate this “CFS-attenuation-by-inattention” hypothesis in a numerical priming study using spatial cueing. Participants performed a number comparison task on a visible target number (“compare number to five”). Prime-target pairs were either congruent (both numbers smaller, or both larger than five) or incongruent. Based on the “CFS-attenuation-by-inattention” hypothesis, we predicted that reaction times (RTs) for congruent prime-target pairs should be faster than for incongruent ones, but only when the prime was presented at the uncued location. In the invisible condition, we observed no priming effects and thus no evidence in support of the “CFS-attenuation-by-inattention” hypothesis. In the visible condition, we found an inverse effect of prime-target congruency. Our results agree with the notion that the representation of CF-suppressed stimuli is fractionated, and limited to their basic, elemental features, thus precluding semantic processing.
A novel fatty acid metabolism-related gene prognostic signature and candidate drugs for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jingze , Yang Xin , Guo Jinlu , Liu Shi
Published: January 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers. Fatty acid metabolism (FAM) is associated with the development and treatment of HCC. This study aimed to build a FAM-related gene model to assess the prognosis of HCC and provide guidance for individual treatment. RNA-sequencing data of patients with HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE14520) were extracted as the training and validation sets, respectively. A FAM-related gene predictive signature was built, and the performance of prognostic model was assessed. The immune infiltration and drug sensitivity were also evaluated. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed to evaluate the levels of the model genes. A 12-gene FAM-related risk signature was constructed; patients with a higher risk score had poorer prognosis than those with a lower risk score. Risk score was shown as an independent risk factor for overall survival of HCC, and the signature was further confirmed as an effective and accurate model. A nomogram was constructed, and it exhibited the good performance in the prognostic prediction. In addition, the immune cell infiltration and sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs were correlated with different risk levels. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot proved the changes of above genes. Differential expression of FAM-related genes can be used to predict response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and improve the clinical prognosis evaluation of patients with HCC, which provides new clues for further experimental exploration and verification on FAM-related genes in HCC.
Evaluating the effect of the incidence angle of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 on detecting aquaculture facilities for sustainable use of coastal space and resources
Authors: Murata Hiroki , Fujii Toyonobu , Yonezawa Chinatsu
Published: January 2023

Background

Driven by the growing world population, aquaculture plays a key role in meeting the increasing demand for food. However, aquaculture facilities in Japan are widely installed in coastal waters where natural disasters, such as typhoons and tsunamis, might wash these facilities away, thereby interfering with maritime navigation safety. Therefore, it is imperative to efficiently monitor the state of aquaculture facilities daily, particularly after a disaster in real time. To this end, several new space-borne L-band synthetic aperture radars (SARs) continue to be launched now and in the future, whose utilizations are expected to increase nationally and internationally. An example is the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, currently operating a SAR that can be operated day and night, and even under cloudy conditions, called ALOS-2 PALSAR-2.

Methods

Based on the above facts, this study evaluated the effect of the incidence angle of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 HH single-polarization data, using 3 m spatial resolution, on aquaculture raft detection. As the study site, we selected Ago Bay, located on the Pacific coast of Mie Prefecture in central Japan since the Nankai Trough Megathrust Earthquake and tsunamis have been predicted to occur in the future around this area. Then, we analyzed the sigma zero (backscattering coefficient) of aquaculture rafts and their surrounding sea surfaces, including the relationships between satellite orbits and aquaculture raft directions.

Results

Investigations revealed that the optimum incidence angle for detecting aquaculture rafts in this study was 33.8°–45.1°. Differences in the sigma zero values existed between the ascending and descending orbits. However, the incidence angles differed on the orbits. Then, differences in the median sigma zero values across a range of incidence angles were evaluated under the descending orbit. In addition, when the directions of the aquaculture rafts were closely perpendicular to the satellite orbit, aquaculture rafts tended to show the highest values of sigma zero due to Bragg resonance scattering. Hence, this knowledge may allow for the rapid detection of aquaculture rafts during an emergency without going on-site.
Una Versión Reducida de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Estadística
Authors:   Universidad de Granada (España), Ruiz-Ruano García Ana María , López Puga Jorge ,   Universidad de Granada (España)
Published: January 2023

La estadística es una materia transversal a un amplio espectro de áreas de conocimiento. La relevancia de esta materia en los contenidos educativos contrasta con la afinidad que el estudiantado tiene hacia ella. Una actitud negativa hacia la estadística puede explicar el bajo rendimiento que el alumnado universitario ha mostrado históricamente en esta asignatura. Una muestra no probabilística obtenida por medio de muestreo de conveniencia de 384 estudiantes de una universidad privada española (Región de Murcia) tomó parte en este estudio y respondió en dos ocasiones, antes del inicio del curso y al final de este, a la escala de Actitudes hacia la Estadística de Auzmendi (1992). Se analizaron dos modelos de la escala utilizando análisis paralelo y análisis factoriales confirmatorios, uno incluyendo todos los ítems y otro en el que el número de ítems se redujo a 15. Se observó que la versión reducida de la escala mostró buenas propiedades psicométricas en términos de fiabilidad, en sus aspectos de consistencia interna y temporal, y a nivel de la estructura factorial. Las puntuaciones de la versión reducida de la escala correlacionan positiva y significativamente con la nota en un examen parcial y en la nota final de la asignatura de análisis de datos. Esta versión reducida puede considerarse más parsimoniosa que la original con utilidad educativa aplicada y para la investigación sobre actitudes hacia la estadística.
Cuestiones acerca de la evaluación en el aula de Trabajo Social: perspectiva desde docente formadores
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Gálvez Morales Camila , Marchant Araya Paola ,   Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Published: January 2023

El propósito del presente estudio es conocer desde la perspectiva de docentes formadores en Trabajo Social cómo entienden y desarrollan la evaluación en el aula. La metodología consistió en un estudio de caso descriptivo-relacional con docentes de una Escuela de Trabajo Social de la Región Metropolitana. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea y realizaron entrevistas individuales y grupales para validación. Los resultados dan cuenta de un tránsito entre una visión tradicional de la evaluación hacia una visión centrada en el logro de aprendizajes, planteando el desafío de avanzar hacia un mayor involucramiento de los estudiantes en la evaluación como parte de su proceso formativo en Trabajo Social. Del mismo modo, se plantea aprovechar la información que provee la evaluación en el aula en la toma de decisiones pedagógicas, como una oportunidad de mejora permanente. Tal aspecto, aún se encuentra disminuido en las prácticas docentes en educación superior, lo que hace necesario continuar su estudio y desarrollo.
Reflexiones en torno al recorrido metodológico desde la sistematización de experiencias en las Veredas Hinche Alto e Hinche Bajo del municipio de La Palma – Cundinamarca en Colombia, como proceso de investigación interpretativa crítica
Authors:   Doctorando en Estudios Internacionales en Paz, Conflictos y Desarrollo Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, España, Rodríguez Suárez Miguel Antonio
Published: January 2023

El artículo científico pretende reflexionar en lo concerniente a la ruta metodológica realizada a partir de la sistematización de experiencias como investigación interpretativa crítica. El proceso se circunscribe en las veredas Hinche Alto e Hinche Bajo del municipio de La Palma en el departamento de Cundinamarca en Colombia y se realiza siguiendo las fases planteadas por Disney Barragán y Alfonso Torres. Se reconoce como una metodología social participativa que tiene sus orígenes en los años sesenta del siglo XX en América Latina, que posibilita la recuperación de los saberes otros, saberes situados o saberes de acción, problematizando como única vía de acceso al conocimiento la del método científico. Por lo anterior, la conformación – acción - reflexión del colectivo sistematizador, se convierte en un eje fundamental, exaltando en este caso en específico, que ha sido constituido de manera voluntaria por tres mujeres campesinas de las Veredas y un académico. A través de la sistematización de la experiencia en este contexto rural – campesino en Colombia, se ha logrado vivenciar un proceso investigativo en espiral, que posibilita flexibilidad con rigurosidad, a partir de lo que se va suscitando en el territorio en correspondencia con la pregunta, los ejes de sistematización y los objetivos acordados por medio de: tertulias, cocinar alrededor del fogón de leña, momentos de arar y cultivar la tierra, paseos por el territorio, cartografías sociales así, como de encuentros desde el teatro del oprimido, este último, especialmente con niñas, niños y adolescentes. Lo anterior permite encarnar la investigación en trabajo social desde lo situado, desde ese lugar de enunciación que dialoga con la especificidad profesional tomando distancia del denominado extractivismo académico.
Suspected Cystic Fibrosis in Infantile Onset Pneumonias: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Hema , Kaur Parasdeep , Bethu Rajesh , Priya Priti , Yadav Anju
Published: January 2023

Pneumonias are common in infancy and infections remain the most common aetiology especially in developing countries. A case- series of 14 children (9 males and 5 females) with cystic fibrosis is presented who came with persistent/recurrent pneumonia. Most children had infantile onset of symptoms (mean age 4.6±4.2 months). Despite multiple medical consultations in infancy a severe delay in diagnosis (mean age of diagnosis 75.5±65.1 months) and presentation was observed. The youngest child in this series was diagnosed at 2 months of age. Most common manifestations were respiratory, gastrointestinal, and failure to thrive (100%). Sweat chloride test was done in 12/14 children and was elevated in 100%. Genetic mutation was reported in 5 children only. Complications included computed tomography diagnosed bronchiectasis in (7/14;50%), pseudomonas infections (6/14,42.9%; other infections (7/14%, 50%), pulmonary hypertension (3/14,21.4%), gastroesophageal reflux (2/14; 14%). There was a high (5/14,35.7%) mortality in this series, as most of them presented late. Lack of awareness and meager diagnostic facilities are major limitations in early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality among these children.
Evaluation of Shade Matching Accuracy of Smartphone Application compared to Conventional Visual Method: An Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Hari Tumma Sri , Thonse Ektha Pai , Hallikerimath Rajendra B , Melavanki Chithra L , Nayak Ajay Kumar , Ruttonji Zarir
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Shade selection has been always a challenging step for a dentist by using a shade guide in manual visual selection. “Colour Grab” application of the smartphone simplifies the procedure of shade selection by providing L a* b* values. Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of the Smartphone application in shade selection compared to the visual method of shade selection. Materials and Methods: This observational pilot study was conducted at Maratha Mandal Dental College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, from January 2022 to March 2022. A total of 30 subjects were examined by five observers for shade selection using two methods - 1. Conventional visual method, 2. Smartphone application. A total of 300 samples were collected by the both methods. Colour grab application was used to determine L a* b* values of Vita Classic Shade tabs at a distance of 25 cm on neutral grey background and tabulated. Data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Cronbach’s alpha test for interobserver reliability analysis, intraclass correlation test and Spearman rho correlation tests were used to determine the inter-observer and intra-observer shade selection accuracy respectively. Results: A total of 30 subjects (Females-16, Males-14) of age between 18-40 years were observed and analysed. For observers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the correlation coefficients were 0.962, 0.849, 0.824, 0.930 and 0.793 respectively at p-value <0.01 for all observers which was highly significant. This test showed that there was strong correlation between the two techniques for each observer which had excellent consistency. Conclusion: Colour Grab smartphone application can be used as an alternative method to conventional visual method in shade selection.
Oral Morbidity Pattern and its Behavioural Determinants among Adults of Urban Slums of Siliguri, India
Authors: Chakraborty Sasthi Narayan , Ishore Kaushik , Mukherjee Subhasis , Bhattacherjee Sharmistha , Kumar Rakesh
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Understanding oral health and not merely dental health are becoming priorities as mouth often offers first sign and symptoms of many localised and systemic diseases. Like any other urban slums, Siliguri slum peoples were also prone for many illnesses and oral health was a different concern as because offering areca nut with betel to guests was a common practice in that particular area. Aim: To find out oral morbidity pattern among study subjects and to ascertain few behavioural determinants of oral morbidity. Materials and Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was performed in slums of Siliguri city, West Bengal, India, from January 2017 to January 2019. As Siliguri is a large city with more than 5 lac population and 154 slums, cluster sampling was adopted to choose samples from each cluster slum. Total 210 samples were studied derived from World Health Organisation (WHO) sample size formula and applying principles of 30 cluster sampling and data regarding socio-demographic profile, behaviour details and clinical history and examination was collected via self-structured, pretested schedule. Results were analysed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software and was presented in frequency tables, Chi-square test was applied for testing statistical significance. Results: Out of 210 study subjects, 154 of them (73.3%) had any form of oral morbidities, 136 study subjects (64.8%) had dental morbidities. Bleeding was commonest symptom for 96 study subjects (62.3%). A total of 59 study subjects (28.1%) had irregular brushing habit and 132 subjects (62.9%) did not wash their mouth after each major meal. A total of 94 subjects (44.8%) had the habit of any form addiction. Conclusion: Adult slum dwellers of Siliguri reported a huge proportion of oral morbidities, majority of which was dental morbidities, irregular brushing habit, lack of mouth wash after meal and addiction were associated with oral morbidities.
Preference of Consumers in Selection of Designer Bags
Authors: Singh Poonam , Ojha Pragya , Meena N. R.
Published: January 2023

A designing of bag used in different materials and size. Colour and design have been used to enhance the intrinsic beauty of textiles from ancient time. It is believed that ornamentation by material and size developed earlier than the use of bags itself. Design is the knowledgeable selection and application of the basic art elements i.e. line, shape, colour and texture to produce a unified expressive visual statement. The present study was conducted to develop designs for bags suitable for materials and technique. Created works were got decorative bags were selected from each category. Material and designing work is a beautiful art form of skilled women. The objective of present study was to carry out the documentation of design from material and techniques used to develop innovative techniques work. The effort was targeted to words fining the possibility of applying material and techniques on bags utilizing the needle and threads works among the total fifteen innovative designed bags the materials and designing techniques preferred by the experts.
Prolapsed Lumbar Intervertebral Disease through Acupuncture Treatment in Bangladesh: A Case Study
Authors: Islam S. M. Shahidul , Li Huihui , Yasmin Sabina
Published: January 2023

Two of the most frequent health conditions are low back pain and sciatica. Both the number of hours worked and the amount of money lost by workers and the country as a whole are drastically reduced. It's important to undertake a comprehensive physical evaluation on these people before initiating any therapy. It is likely that symptoms can increase as a consequence of obtaining inadequate medicinal or surgical care. To observe acupuncture's influence on prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc therapy. This inquiry took place at Suo-Xi Hospital at Shantinagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A 40-year-old male patient has been complaining of lower back discomfort for the last two months. The diagnosis was confirmed with a cervical spine Magnetic resonance imaging. Follow-up research showed promising outcomes. He no longer felt discomfort in his lower back, which he had been experiencing for two months. Prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc patients may benefit from acupuncture, according to the findings of this study.
The Influence of the Invasive Plant Taraxacum officinale (FH Wigg) on Soil Characteristics
Authors: Ezekiel Anietie G. , Umoh Omodot T. , Nwachukwu Adanma R. , Oghenekevwe Augustine O. , Uyoh Victoria E.
Published: January 2023

The study which was aimed at detecting the effects of the properties of Taraxacum officinale on the characteristics of the soils was carried out in a garden in Use Offot Community in Uyo, Akwa Ibom state using the purposive sampling method. The samples were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm from different points in the study area, and were bulked into one composite sample. Standard procedures were adopted in the analyses of the soil sample and the results of the analysis of the sample showed that the soil with Taraxacum officinale had a neutral soil pH (7.055) as against the control soil which had a slightly acidic pH (6.72). The organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents were 0.78 %, 0.04 %, and 87.04 mg/kg respectively.  The average cation exchange capacity (3.25 cmol/kg) was low; also the soil texture of the samples were identified as loamy sand. These values revealed that Taraxacum officinale had effects on the physicochemical properties of the soil it grew on.
Phytochemical Feed Additives, Garlic, Ginger and Their Mixture on Physical Quality Parameters and Sensory Attributes of Broiler Chicken Meat
Authors: Ikoroma J. N. , Nwaorgu S. C. , Kalio G. A.
Published: January 2023

The meat quality and sensory attributes of broilers fed diets containing garlic, ginger and their mixtures was determined. Four dietary treatments: T1- no garlic or ginger; T2- garlic only; T3 – ginger only and T4- garlic + ginger respectively were utilized in a completely randomized design (CRD). On the last day of the 70-day feeding and growth trial, 3 birds were decapitated per treatment. The slaughtered birds were singed in warm water, de-feathered, eviscerated, cut into parts and deboned. Meat cuts of about 800g taken from the thigh and breast muscles of each of the representative birds per treatment were tested for meat quality (water holding capacity, cook loss, pH and fat binding capacity) parameters and sensory attributes. The meat parts were later cut into 2.5 cm – 3.0cm pieces and mixed in 0.4% of iodized common salt before boiling in a pot at a cooking temperature above 100oC for 20 minutes. The pieces of the boiled meat were placed according to the four (4) feed treatments. Twelve (12) consumer panelists (6 for the thigh and 6 for the breast muscles respectively) within the age range of 20 – 26 years were used for the sensory evaluation. The meat quality and overall acceptability results depicted by the panelists on the sensory parameters (colour, flavour, tenderness, juiciness and toughness) revealed that meat (thigh and breast) of broilers fed T2- garlic only were better preferred by consumers and was recommended.
Agroforestry Assisted Natural Farming in India: Challenges and Implications for Diversification and Restoration of Agroecosystem
Authors: Dinesha S. , Raj Abhishek , Bhanusree M. R. , Balraju Wagmare , Rakesh S. , Raj W. Goutham , Jha Ramesh Kumar , Neeraj . , Kumar Krishna
Published: January 2023

The Government of India is promoting natural farming (NF) which is evolved from our ancient heritage and traditional cultivation practices. Though NF has many advantages, it is facing several challenges like low yield in initial years, expecting high outputs from low cost of cultivation, lack of local cultivars and livestock, less availability of tree based diverse inputs, dependency on purchase or exchange inputs from other farm hold and dispute in farming type and crop composition. On these backdrops, sustainable and/or resilient agroforestry (AF) systems can be synergized by using principles and practices of AF with NF. This AF assisted NF hybrid model is helpful in diversification and restoration of agroecosystem. AF includes at least one livestock components along with perennial trees and agricultural crops. Trees and livestock based NF is the foremost nature based solution (NBS) for climate change mitigation, food security and land degradation neutrality. In NF, to prepare various plant protection formulations neem, pongamia and various perennial species byproducts are essential which can be substituted by tree components in AF. It also provides continues supply of inputs for jeevamrut and beejamrut preparations along with continuous biomass mulching through nitrogen fixing trees. In addition, AF assisted NF practices reduce methane emission from ruminating livestock by reducing heat stress and increasing the feed quality. Some studies on NF have indicated that yield levels were drastically reduced in several cropping systems. Instead of integrating tree and animal components, these studies focused solely on the multi-location evaluation of various cropping systems. Therefore, it would be premature to recommend its wide-spread adaption or adoption prior to scientific validation of this NF. This review provides detail information and implications of AF assistance in NF and recommends preferentially, climate resilient, economical, native and naturalized trees and livestock incorporation, along with amalgamation of traditional and improved AF practices.