bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landscape Ecological Structures and Patterns for Green Space Conservation in Forest Monasteries in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Kongsombut Prat ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand, Pattanakiat Sura , Rawang Wee , Srijuntrapun Pattranit , Phewphan Uthaiwan , Phutthai Thamarat , Vongvassana Sirasit , Jumpasingha Jirapatch ,   Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand,   Innovation for Social and Environmental Management, Mahidol University, Amnatcharoen Campus, 37000, Thailand,   Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand,   Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand,   Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Published: July 2024

The green spaces in Wat Pah play an important role in forest conservation in Thailand. This study identified and analyzed the structures and patterns of landscape ecology in Wat Pah Nanachart, Ubon Ratchathani Province, to guide a conceptual framework for green space conservation in forest monasteries. Spatial analysis and modeling using geoinformatics technology were employed to recognize and characterize these landscapes. Information on the green space conservation and management of Wat Pah was also obtained using an in-depth interview and site observation. The results revealed that most of the green space in Wat Pah is forest, characterized by an ecological matrix and a dry evergreen forest. The forest structure can be divided into three canopies, dominated by the Dipterocarpaceae family, which has regenerated into upper and lower canopies. It is an edge matrix and ecological corridor connected to the internal and external green spaces of Wat Pah. It plays an important role in supporting cultural, religious, and aesthetic activities for ordained monks and Buddhists. The spatial landscape model can be divided into three main zones: Thoranisangha, Buddhawas, Sanghawas. Thoranisangha is an open space covered with traditional and artificially planted tree species. It is located in front of the temple and designed for public utilities in the context of managing and conserving the remaining trees. Buddhawas is a semi-open space mostly covered with traditional tree species. It represents Buddhism’s identity and uniqueness and is used for religious ceremonies and dissemination—listening to sermons, meditating, and praying. Meanwhile, Sanghawas is covered with natural forest and contains residences for monks that are designed to be in harmony with the forest ecosystem.
A hosszú tartamú szabadságvesztés és a reintegráció
Authors: Brezovszki Anna Luca
Published: July 2024

Aktualitását elveszíteni képtelen tárgykör a szabadságvesztés-büntetés és a reintegráció kapcsolata, a zárt világból szabadult fogvatartott sikerességének, helytállásának pozitív befolyásolása. Össztársadalmi érdek, hogy a büntetését letöltött személy a szabad világban törvényes keretek között tudjon érvényesülni, hogy kriminogén faktorok okán ne lépjen ismét a bűn útjára. Ezen összetett és figyelemre érdemes téma apropóján már számos kutatás született, hiszen mind a szabadságvesztésnek, mind a reintegrációnak számos olyan aspektusa van, amelyet tágabb – nem kizárólag kutatói – érdeklődés övez. A börtönártalmak, a kapcsolattartás fontossága és mibenléte, a speciális rezsimrendszer vagy éppen az, hogy pontosan mennyi időt értünk hosszú tartam alatt, azért ilyen fontos, mert társadalmunk milyensége szempontjából egyáltalán nem mindegy, hogy egy legtöbbünk számára láthatatlan közösségben milyen impulzusok érték azon személyt, akire szabadulása után egyszerre kerül az új élet, a tiszta lap reménye és terhe.
Hogyan és miért lett zsaru a rendőrből?
Authors: Dulai Péter
Published: July 2024

A Magyar Rendőr több mint negyven éven át volt a Belügyminisztérium egyetlen képes rendőrségi lapja. A rendszerváltás után a szerkesztőség másik névvel és új köntösben vágott neki egy friss korszaknak. A szigorú Magyar Rendőrből a jóval populárisabb, modernebb, fogyaszthatóbb Zsaru lett, így már a jogutód nevében is jelezték, hogy attól kezdve valami más lesz, mint ahogyan az előző rendszerben volt. Az addig belsős terjesztésű, a belügyi állomány tájékoztatását szolgáló lap ekkor már kereskedelmi forgalomban volt, vagyis bárki által hozzáférhető sajtótermékként vett részt a piacon. Mivé akart válni az újság, és sikerült-e elérni a célokat? Mik voltak a konkrét célok? Valóban más lett-e a lap a gyakorlatban? Ha igen, miben? Tanulmányomban ezeket a kérdéseket próbálom megválaszolni a korabeli lapszámok vizsgálatával, valamint a Zsaru egykori főszerkesztőjével folytatott interjú segítségével.
Recenzió Mátyás Szabolcs Bűnözésföldrajz című könyvéről
Authors: Vári Vince
Published: July 2024

recenzió
Önértékelés a határrendészeti szolgálati ágnál
Authors: Balla József , Vájlok László , Vedó Attila , Kakócz Krisztián , Németh Gábor , Bartus Gábor , Pulics János
Published: July 2024

Magyarország 2007-bencsatlakozott teljes jogúan a schengeni térséghez. A csatlakozás, illetve a tagság feltétele is egyben, hogy a tagállam teljesítse a schengeni külső határokon végzett határellenőrzésre vonatkozó, a schengeni egyezményben és a határellenőrzési kódexben megfogalmazott szigorú feltételeket. A schengeni egyezményben és a kódexben megfogalmazott követelmények teljesítését a ciklikus jelleggel rendszeresen végrehajtott ellenőrző értékelési és monitoringmechanizmus biztosítja. Az időszakosan végzett ellenőrzési tevékenység hatásfokának növelése, valamint a határellenőrzési rendszer elvárt, folyamatosan magas színvonalú működtetésének támogatása érdekében – a határrendészeti szolgálati ág esetében úttörő jelleggel – minőségbiztosítási rendszer kialakítása folyik a 101102709 – HSQA azonosító számú, „Magyar, szlovák minőségbiztosítási mechanizmus kidolgozása a határigazgatás területén” elnevezésű projekt keretében. A minél hatékonyabb mechanizmus kidolgozása érdekében alapvető fontosságú a jelenlegi állapot minél részletesebb és mélyrehatóbb felmérése. Ennek során kiemelt jelentőséggel bír a kifejezetten belső indíttatásból fakadó önértékelési tevékenység, amely szakszerűen alkalmazva a korábbi formalizált ellenőrzési formák mellett hatékonyan képes biztosítani a szervezet működésének, képességeinek reális megismerését.
A honosítás kockázatai az „állampolgárság védelmének” tükrében
Authors: Mágó Barbara
Published: July 2024

E tanulmány a honosítási eljárás során hozott egyéni és állami döntések kockázatait elemzi. A szerző egyrészt átfogó képet ad a külföldit honosító állam kockázatelemző tevékenységéről, másrészt a honosítást kérelmező személy egyéni döntési rizikóit vizsgálja. A csalárd módon állampolgárságot szerzett személyek esetében pedig – az állampolgári státusz védelme érdekében – az állampolgárság visszavonása mellett érvel.
The Relationship Study between Ideological and Political Education of Higher Vocational Students and Students’ Mental Health
Authors: QI Xinyue , ZHANG Qiongtian
Published: July 2024

This article explores the complex relationship between ideological and political education and mental health among vocational college students. It analyzes how ideological and political education promotes students' mental health by enhancing self-esteem and confidence, shaping positive attitudes towards life and values. It discusses how a healthy psychological state promotes students to participate more actively in ideological and political education and understand its content more deeply. Several strategies are proposed, such as integrating elements of mental health education into ideological and political courses, and using ideological and political activities to enhance students' social interaction and teamwork skills. These strategies aim to achieve a positive interaction between ideological and political education and mental health.
Reflections on the development of science essential education teaching materials for middle school physics under the leadership of core literacy
Authors: WANG Yajiao
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the development of teaching materials for essential science education in junior middle school physics under the leadership of core literacy. The background is the importance of core literacy in modern education. The content includes the development process of teaching materials and the evaluation of implementation effect. The methodology is empirical research using case study and comprehensive assessment methods. The viewpoint is that the development of teaching materials based on core literacy promotes the overall development of students. Students' practical ability, problem solving ability and scientific attitude are improved through practical inquiry, problem solving and emotional attitude development. The research results show that the development of teaching materials based on core literacy for science essential education in junior middle school physics is of great significance for the comprehensive quality education of students.
Integration of craftsman spirit of great powers into the practical classroom teaching of computer network foundation
Authors: XIN Ling , XIE Xiaofeng , LI Xiang
Published: July 2024

It is a trend in curriculum construction to extend ideological and political education from specialized ideological and political courses to curriculum ideological and political courses. Based on the characteristics of private applied undergraduate courses, this article takes the practice of "RJ-45 interface twisted pair" in computer network courses as an example to explore the spiritual power of ideological elements, and integrates curriculum education into teaching case design and teaching process to cultivate students' spiritual power and achieve the goal of comprehensive education.
The resources related to the CPC's heritage of the "Little Long March" are used to raise students' awareness of courses on political philosophy teaching in colleges and universities
Authors: PAN Jihua
Published: July 2024

Raising students' awareness is an important goal of the teaching reform of courses on political philosophy in colleges and universities. Resources related to the heritage of the Communist Party of China (CPC or Party) have rich revolutionary cultural connotations, carry the spiritual state of firm ideals and beliefs, and show the glorious course of the CPC in leading the Chinese people to continuously realize their aspiration for a better life. Among them, the "Little Long March" resources related to the Party's heritage of the Seventh Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army are a typical representative. Raising students' awareness with the resources related to the Party's heritage of the "Little Long March" has become an important path for the teaching reform of courses on political philosophy in colleges and universities. However, in order to give full play to the role of the "Little Long March" resources related to the Party's heritage in raising students' awareness, it is necessary to have the support of basic conditions such as academic research support, the creation of a suitable spatial environment, and a team of teachers who have firmly faith in science. Ideological and political teachers integrate the resources related to the Party's heritage of the "Little Long March" into the teaching of political philosophy courses in colleges and universities by mastering scientific theories, correctly interpreting the resources related to the Party's heritage of the "Little Long March", guiding students to carry forward our revolutionary traditions in the process of understanding and telling the revolutionary story of the "Little Long March", and nourishing the spiritual "calcium" of teachers and students in the process of field investigation of the historical resources of the "Little Long March".
Integrating ideological and political education into the reform of mental health education for college students
Authors: ABUDOUKEREMU Dilinur
Published: July 2024

Ideological and political education plays an important role in both schools and students. Ideological and political education is equivalent to the spiritual core and can have a certain impact on the establishment of scientific ideological concepts in students. The integration of ideological and political education into the reform of mental health education for college students has certain feasibility and necessity. Based on this, this article will discuss the relevant content in detail, in order to promote the harmonious development of physical and mental health for college students. Strengthening humanistic care for college students, understanding and caring for them, paying attention to their actual needs, difficulties and hardships, and creating conditions for their development are important foundations for constructing a people-oriented ideological and political education system for college students. This article explores the effectiveness of ideological and political education and the effective ways of ideological and political education from the perspective of integrating ideological and political education with mental health education. This has certain practical significance for doing a good job in ideological and political work in universities.
Comparison of active and passive voice in English-Chinese translation--taking the example of Howard Goldblatt's translation of Rickshaw Boy
Authors: PENG Ziyan
Published: July 2024

In the translation between English and Chinese, there are significant differences in sentence structure, grammatical features, rhetorical devices, expression methods, ways of thinking, and social and cultural factors between the two languages, which increase the difficulty of translation. Especially in English-Chinese translation, the similarities and differences in the usage of active and passive voice can easily lead to translation errors. In English, the passive voice is more regarded as a common grammatical phenomenon, while in Chinese, the active expression of passive meaning is more dominant. Taking Howard Goldblatt's translation of Rickshaw Boy as an example, through the analysis of the passive and active voice in English and Chinese languages with different structures, we can learn more about the similarities and differences between the two languages in order to improve the quality of translation.
The application effects of problem-based learning (PBL) combined with multimedia technology teaching mode in the clinical practice teaching of the gastroenterology department: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: FENG Xinli , CHANG Ying , WANG Yamei
Published: July 2024

Objective: to investigate, analyze, and discuss the application efficacy of problem-based learning (PBL) combined with multimedia technology teaching mode in clinical practice education of the gastroenterology department. Methods: A total of fifty medical students who underwent training in the Department of Gastroenterology at our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected and divided equally into a control group and an experimental group. The control group received traditional teaching methods, while the experimental group was exposed to PBL combined with multimedia technology teaching mode. Skill scores, satisfaction ratings for skill instruction, and internship satisfaction levels were analyzed and compared between both groups. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly higher skill scores (P
Contextual panel conditioning and reward models in large language models
Authors: WEN Muyuan
Published: July 2024

Direct preference optimization (DPO) aims to match human preferences while reducing the complexity of reinforcement learning. Traditional methods such as reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) ﬁrst match reward models with cues and preferences, and then use reinforcement learning (RL) to ﬁnd policies that maximize rewards. In contrast, DPO simpliﬁes the process by directly optimizing the policy to satisfy preferences without explicit reward functions or RL processes. DPO is a more direct and potentially more efﬁcient way to ﬁne-tune a language model to remain consistent with human feedback. Additionally, OpenAI mentioned that they trained the model by imitating human ratings to help improve RLHF. The next step is to ﬁt the model to a data set containing rich "conditions". For example, the training model generates a panel containing memories, conditions, goals, plans, and future tasks, and uses this panel for training. These conditions transform the "creative writing task" into the task of "distributing materials", reducing entropy in creative writing. Conditional reinforcement learning ﬁne-tuning (C-RLFT) enables large language models to understand and generate human-like text, adapt to new information, and personalize responses while maintaining relevance and coherence. Future improvements include improving conditional panels using RLHF or RLAIF, iteration between datasets and models, aligning models with real-world needs, and building new base models based on 0-order optimization. These directions aim to make large language models more efﬁcient, consistent with human preferences, and able to run in a variety of environments, including edge computing devices. Hello, here is some text without a meaning. This text should show what a printed text will look like at this place. If you read this text, you will get no information. Really? Is there no information? Is there a difference between this text and some nonsense like "Huardest gefburn"? Kjift – not at all! A blind text like this gives you information about the selected font, how the letters are written and an impression of the look. This text should contain all letters of the alphabet and it should be written in the original language. There is no need for special content, but the length of words should match the language.
Research on strengthening the ideological function of "Situation and Policy" courses in universities
Authors: ZHANG Huan
Published: July 2024

The course of ideological and political theory is the main battlefield and channel of ideological education in universities. At present, the ideological function as a qualitative attribute of the "Situation and Policy" textbook has not formed a widespread understanding in academic theoretical research and university education practice, and its ideological function is still greatly limited. To strengthen the ideological function of the "Situation and Policy" course, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of Marxism as the guide, cultural education, and student-centered education, in order to improve the unique pertinence and timeliness of the "Situation and Policy" course and give full play to its essential attributes of ideological education.
Assessing the impact of digital education transformation on high school education
Authors: ZHAI Weiquan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the impact of digital education transformation on high school education, including three dimensions of teacher competence, classroom teaching and school management. Through qualitative and quantitative research methods, this paper analyzes how digital technology changes the teaching experience of high school classrooms, explores the key factors affecting the success of digital education transformation, and the impact of digital education transformation on student participation, achievement and school management efficiency. The results show that digital education transformation has significant advantages in improving teaching efficiency and student engagement, but it also faces challenges in resource allocation, teacher training and technical support. In response to the challenges, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the transformation of digital education in senior high schools.
КОНФОРМАЦІЯ ТУШ ПОМІСНИХ БУГАЙЦІВ ТА ЇЇ ЗВ’ЯЗОК З ЯКІСНИМИ ОЗНАКАМИ ЯЛОВИЧИНИ
Authors: Крук Ольга Павлівна , Угнівенко Анатолій Миколайович
Published: July 2024

Відповідно до системи EUROP передбачено оцінювання великої рогатої худоби під час реалізації на м’ясо за м’ясністю (конформацією) туш, ступенем розвитку підшкірного жиру-поливу. Це має велике значення для розвитку міжнародного, у тому числі і в Україні, класифікації туш, отриманих від тварин різного напрямку продуктивності. У статті наведено результати оцінювання у помісних бугайців української чорно-рябої та голштинської порід кореляції між забійними, морфологічними та технологічними ознаками туш і їх конформацією (м’ясистістю), яку використовують у стандартах ЄС та інших країн світу. Актуальність роботи полягала у визначенні необхідності застосування конформації туш як критерію оцінювання ознак забою бугайців цих генотипів у віці від 20 до 22 місяців. Дослідження провели на 26 тушах помісних тварин у фермерському господарстві (ФГ) «Журавушка» Броварського району Київської області. Відразу після забою тварин згідно з світовими методиками оцінили конформацію туш і покриття їх жиром, колір м’язової і жирової тканин, мармуровість м’яса, площу «м’язового вічка». Виявлено, що з конформацією туш у тварин вірогідно корелює розвиток жиру-поливу під шкірою (r=0,565; Р>0,99), клас мармуровості (r=0,399; Р>0,95), кількість м’язової тканини другого сорту (r=0,566; Р>0,99), кісток (r=0,608; Р>0,999) та сухожилок і зв’язок (r=0,419; Р>0,95). Проявляється тенденція до зворотнього зв’язку між конформацією туш і вмістом у них жирової тканини (r=-0,306), позитивної з масою тварин після голодування (r=0,193), забійною масою (r=0,213), товщиною жиру-поливу (r=0,344), кольором м’язової тканини (r=0,201), вмістом м’язової тканини у туші (r=0,255). Між конформацією (м’ясистістю) туш і вмістом у ній м’язової тканини вищого і першого сортів, площею «м’язового вічка» кореляційний зв’язок відсутній. За конформацією (м’ясистістю) туш можливо прогнозувати у ній вміст м’язової тканини другого сорту і кісток, сухожилок і зв’язок та мармуровість яловичини і розвиток жиру-поливу.
ВІДГОДІВЕЛЬНІ ТА ЗАБІЙНІ ЯКОСТІ СВИНЕЙ ПРИ ЧИСТОПОРОДНОМУ РОЗВЕДЕННІ ТА СХРЕЩУВАННІ
Authors: Бургу Юрій Георгійович , Котова Зоя Яківна , Гнітій Надія Володимирівна , Оліферчук Сергій Вікторович , Олефір Валерій Олександрович
Published: July 2024

В статті розглянуто результати вивчення відгодівельних, забійних і м’ясо-сальних показників при чистопородному розведенні великої білої породи та її помісей з кнурами полтавської м’ясної породи та ландрас. В якості контрольної групи була вибрана велика біла порода (ВБхВБ – І група), в якості дослідних – помісі від поєднання велика біла х полтавська м’ясна (ВБхПМ – ІІ група) та велика біла х ландрас (ВБхЛ – ІІІ група). На основі показників приросту живої маси встановлено, що інтенсивність росту молодняка свиней значною мірою визначається його породністю. Протягом усього досліду за показниками приросту живої маси помісний молодняк ВБхПМ та ВБхЛ перевищував чистопородних ровесників. Найбільш скороспілими виявились помісні тварини. Молодняк поєднання ВБхПМ відгодівельних кондицій в 100 кг досягав на 11 днів раніше, ніж тварини контрольної групи. Крім того, вони перевищували чистопородний молодняк за приростом живої маси на 7,9% при зниженні витрат кормів на 1кг приросту на 0,27 корм.од., або на 5,5%. Схрещування свиноматок з кнурами полтавської м’ясної породи і породи ландрас порівняно з чистопородним розведенням сприяло підвищенню виходу м’яса в тушах відповідно на 5,36-8,38%. Істотної різниці за вмістом кісток у тушах між тваринами окремих піддослідних груп не спостерігалось. При вивченні топографії осалювання туш між помісними і чистопородними тваринами виявлено відмінності за товщиною шпику. У помісей товщина шпику на рівні 6-7-го грудних хребців на 5,4-6,1 мм менша, ніж у чистопородних тварин. Вміст м’яса в окості помісних свиней становив відповідно 75,46 і 75,55%, або на 5,24 і 5,33% більше, ніж у тушах чистопородних тварин. Вихід м’яса з поперекової частини у свиней цих груп становив 64,48 і 63,15%, або на 5,83 і 4,50% більше, ніж у тварин контрольної групи. У досліджуваних свиней всіх груп спостерігалась зворотна залежність між товщиною шпику і абсолютною та відносною масою м’язової тканини в туші.
СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ВЕЛИКОВАГОВИХ СВИНЕЙ В УКРАЇНІ: ВІД ПЕРСПЕКТИВ РИНКУ ДО ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ
Authors: Бутенко Роман Юрійович
Published: July 2024

Основною метою даної статті є ознайомлення та аналіз сучасних тенденцій та перспектив розвитку великовагових свиней в Україні, як важливої складової галузі свинарства в цілому в наш час. Проведено аналіз ключових тенденцій в свинарстві, вивчено різні підходи та технології, які спрямовані на підвищення рівня та якості вирощування великовагових свиней. У цій роботі висвітлено важливість удосконалення генетичних ресурсів свиней, поліпшення умов утримання та годівлі, а також впровадження сучасних методів управління фермами. Особлива увага приділена дотриманню екологічних норм, забезпеченню належної якості продукції, відповідності умовам безпеки. Стаття включає в себе економічні та ринкові аспекти свинарства та його вплив на соціально-економічний розвиток окремих регіонів та країни загалом. Предметом огляду по даній темі слугували великовагові свині, а саме тенденції їх розвитку за останні роки. Матеріалом для аналізу та досліджень являлися роботи сучасних експертів, науковців у галузі свинарства, які весь час вносять різноманітні пропозиції щодо вдосконалення технології ведення та вирощування свиней, а також постійно слідкують за розвитком галузі. Визначено, що в даний час галузь свинарства знаходиться в невизначеному тяжкому стані, внаслідок непреривної дії АЧС і війни. Враховуючи саме ці два аспекти, на малих та середніх товарних фермах більш перспективним стає вирощування великовагових свиней. Але для успішного розвитку великовагового свинарства необхідно вводити сучасні технології вирощування, годівлі, а також зарубіжну генетику, і при всьому цьому не припиняти слідкувати за появою новинок, які можуть впливати на розвиток свинарських підприємств. Ще одним дуже важливим, необхідним фактором є робота над зниженням собівартості свинини. Адже економіка являється основою ведення будь-якої діяльності, так як, відомо всім, що якщо собівартість продукції буде вище ціни реалізації, то розвиток такої ферми буде приречений на провал. Висновки та рекомендації, зроблені наприкінці статті, можуть бути використані різними фахівцями галузі сільського господарства та допомогти в аналізі розвитку великовагових свиней в Україні, а також галузі свинарства загалом.
Il ritiro sociale è un'esperienza che ci riguarda tutti? Riflessioni sull'hikikomori a partire da un film contemporaneo
Authors: Albertinelli Matteo
Published: July 2024

L'autore propone il film 1000 Arten Regen zu beschreiben come spunto per conoscere la situazione di una famiglia il cui figlio vive una condizione di ritiro sociale. L'autore, quindi, propone che la specificità dell'esperienza del ritiro non sia l'isolamento sociale in sé ma la rappresentazione interna di oggetti invadenti e critici e, contemporaneamente, non disposti a fornire esperienze di positivo rispecchiamento. L'autore propone quindi che le esperienze in cui si desidera padroneggiare e limitare la presenza di un oggetto siano fra quelle che più facilmente consentono un'identificazione con questi pazienti, fra le esperienze umane comuni.
Resolução de Problema e Descrição de Contingências: Efeitos da Acurácia das Instruções em Tarefas Sucessivas
Authors: de Oliveira Claudio Ivan ,   Universidade Católica de Goiás, Oliveira-Castro Jorge M. , Simonassi Lorismario Ernesto , Vieira Timóteo Madaleno ,   Universidade de Brasilia,   Universidade Católica de Goiás,   Universidade Católica de Goiás
Published: July 2024

Este experimento investigou efeitos da acurácia das instruções em tarefas sucessivas sobre a resolução de problemas e a descrição das contingências. Participaram 49 universitários expostos a duas situações problema. No Problema 1,25 deles receberam uma instrução geral (não especificava solução), enquanto outros 24 receberam a instrução correta (especificava solução). Os participantes que receberam a instrução geral no Problema I e os que receberam a instrução correta no Problema I foram divididos em três grupos que receberam a instrução geral, parcial (especificava parte da solução) ou inversa (especificava o contrário da solução) no Problema 2. Comparada à instrução geral, a instrução correta facilitou o desempenho no Problema I, apesar de não ter facilitado a descrição das contingências. A instrução inversa, para os dois grupos que a receberam, facilitou o desempenho quando comparada às instruções geral e parcial no Problema 2, apesar de não ter facilitado a descrição das contingências. Estes resultados corroboram aqueles obtidos em experimentos anteriores, sugerindo que instruções discrepantes podem aumentar a influência das contingências ao diminuir a probabilidade de comportamentos de seguir instruções.
Comportement Non-optimal versus Illusion Cognitive
Authors: Scholiers David ,   Université de Picardie Jules Veme. Département de Psychologie. Laboratoire E.C.C.H.AT, Villatte Matthieu ,   Université de Picardie Jules Veme. Département de Psychologie. Laboratoire E.C.C.H.AT
Published: July 2024

La question du comportement de choix en situation d'incertitude est sujette à controverse. Si en sciences cognitives les erreurs que peut commettre un individu sont le reflet d'une illusion irrépressible, la recherche en Analyse Expérimentale du Comportement appréhende le comportement non-optimal du point de vue de son acquisition. L'expérience reprend le principe d'un jeu où un sujet doit trouver une pièce cachée sous l'un des 3 gobelets qui lui sont présentés. Après un premier choix, un gobelet vide et non choisi est retiré. Le sujet peut alors conserver ou modifier son choix initial (probabilités respectives de gain égales à 1 / 3 et 2 /3). Généralement, les sujets considèrent que les deux stratégies sont équivalentes; ce qui constitue un comportement non-optimal. Afin d'identifier les variables qui maintiennent ce comportement et de tester s'il peut être modifié, on augmente le taux de renforcement du comportement optimal en faisant varier le nombre de gobelets de départ, la probabilité de gain de la stratégie «Modifier » augmentant avec le nombre de gobelets. Trois groupes indépendants sont répartis dans trois conditions expérimentales (3, 5 ou 10 gobelets) et sont confrontés à l'expérience directe par un comportement d'observation, puis par un comportement de choix. Les résultats montrent que plus le nombre de gobelets augmente, plus la stratégie « Modifier » est choisie. Ils permettent d'appuyer l'hypothèse selon laquelle le comportement non-optimal est le produit d'un apprentissage.
Análise Funcional e Variabilidade Comportamental: Algumas Considerações
Authors: de Souza Barba Lourenco ,   Universidade de São Paulo
Published: July 2024

Este artigo pretende analisar o conceito de variabilidade e o papel que tem desempenhado essa noção na esfera da análise experimental do comportamento. Apresentamos inicialmente uma definição formal de análise funcional. Apoiados em Sidman, damos urna primeira definição de variabilidade. Demonstramos que a variabilidade viola a definição de relação funcional e constitui um problema para a pesquisa empírica. Mostramos, por outro lado, que a variabilidade pode constituir, em si, objeto da investigação comportamental. Observamos que, passando à qualidade de variável dependente, a definição de variabilidade sofre uma reformulação. Descrevemos alguns estudos que adotaram essa perspectiva. Para Sidman, estudar a variabilidade do comportamento implica estudar as propriedades cíclicas do comportamento. Mostramos, no entanto, queo estudo da variabilidade é mais amplo e geral. Retomamos o conceito de variabilidade, propondo uma definição genérica do termo. Defendemos que o estudo da variabilidade é legítimo, ainda que se lhe recuse conferir o status de dimensão fundamental do comportamento. Concluímos, por fim, que são três basicamente as formas de lidar com a variabilidade' 1 - tenta-se eliminá-la, buscando as variáveis responsáveis pela sua ocorrência, 2 - estuda-se a variabilidade em si, introduzindo-a nas leis comportamentais. 3 - a variabilidade, não sendo problema nem dado, é incorporada ao corpo de conhecimento por meio do conceito de classe de resposta.
Aprendizagem relacional com posições como estímulo em macacos-prego (Cebus apella)
Authors: da Silva Barros Romariz ,   Universidade Federal do Pará, de Faria Galvao Olavo ,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: July 2024

Relações de equivalência podem ser atestadas através da recombinação de elementos (estímulos e respostas) previamente e arbitrariamente relacionados via contingências de reforçamento e raramente são obtidas com sujeitos não-humanos. O desenvolvimento de controle não-programado pela posição dos estímulos pode ser um determinante dessa dificuldade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar se se obtém recombinações de relações condicionais entre posições-estímulo, após uma história de exposição dos sujeitos a alguns exemplos de treino direto de recombinação. Dois macacos-prego (Cebus apel/a) e uma câmara de condicionamento equipada com computador e tela sensível ao toque foram utilizados. O procedimento consistiu no estabelecimento de relações condicionais entre posições-estímulo. através de uma adaptação do procedimento de "matching-to-sample". Foram treinadas relações AB e BC e testadas as propriedades de simetria (BA e CB), transitividade (AC) e simetria da transitividade (CA). O mesmo procedimento foi adotado com mais duas combinações de estímulos (conjuntes DEF e GHI). Não foram encontradas evidêocias de formação de classes de equivalência. A recombinação das mesmas posições de uma matriz em novas relações condicionais e o treino de conjuntos de relações condicionais entre posições paralelas não se mostraram adequados para testar a hipótese de que a experiência com exemplos de relações simétricas e transitivas pode favorecer a obtenção deste tipo de relações após tremo de novas relações condicionais.
Efectos de probabilidades complementarias y contrastadas de reforzamiento con y sin señalización en programas temporales
Authors: Torres Carlos ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Ribes-Iñesta Emilio , Mayoral Alfredo ,   Universidad de Guadalajara,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: July 2024

Se evaluaron (os erectos de la variación inicial de probabilidades complementarias de reforzamiento (1.0-0.0. 0.75-0.25.0.5-0.5 y 1.0-0.0 para tDy tD, respectivamente) sin señalización y de la introducción posterior de estimules no diferenciales (luz verde en ambos subciclos) y diferenciales (luz verde para tDv luz roja para tD bajo probabilidades contrastadas (1.0-0.0) en programas temporales. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la variación de la probabilidad de reforzamiento tiene un efecto inversamente proporcional en la frecuencia de respuesta, aún en condiciones de no señalización. Bajo condiciones de probabilidad de reforzamiento contrastado se observó una frecuencia de respuesta mayor durante tD que durante tD, independientemente de la ausencia o presencia de estímulos correlacionados. En presencia de los estimules diferenciales Se observó una menor frecuencia y variabilidad del responder en tD. Se examinan los resultados en términos de la discriminabilidad de las probabilidades tic reforzamiento en cada subciclo y del número de entregas de agua obtenidas en los ciclos iniciales de cada sesión.
Interrogating the operation of empathy in social work with noncitizens
Authors: Nobe-Ghelani Chizuru
Published: July 2024

Based on interviews I conducted with social workers in Canada, this article offers a critique of empathy as a foundation of good social work. More specifically, I examine how empathic feelings produce the social worker as a knowing, moral and innocent subject in their work with noncitizens. Drawing on critical theories of affect and emotions that reconceptualise feelings as social practice, I examine how empathy facilitates proximity with and knowledge production about noncitizens among social workers. I attend to various historical lines of empathic feeling among differently positioned social workers and trace the concrete ways in which the feeling of empathy circulates and ‘sticks’, as social workers navigate exclusionary practices towards noncitizens. I argue that empathy, while imagined as an affective entry to minimising the professional–client distance, could instead function to secure social workers’ sense of innocence and morality, confirming their professional identity as facilitated by the script of whiteness.
Kualitas Tanah Lahan Persawahan Berdasarkan Parameter Sifat Kimia Tanah
Authors: Liani Desti
Published: July 2024

Rice fields are man-made soil whose properties are highly influenced by the way it is made and processed. This research was conducted to determine the chemical properties of the soil in various rice fields in Indonesia. The writing of this article is done by analyzing various kinds of related literature obtained from search results on the Google Scholar database. A total of 10 articles are included in this literature study with the data collected focusing on the chemical properties of the soil, namely pH, KTK and C-organic only. With Soil pH: < 4.5 or > 8.5, Soil KTK: Low, < 18 cmol/kg, Medium, ranging from 18 – 25 cmol/kg, Height, > 25 cmol/kg, C – Organic Content: Low, < 2.0 g/100g, Medium, range from 2.0-3.0 g/100g, Height, > 3.0 g/100g Based on the analysis that has been done on 10 journals, it was concluded that there is a significant correlation between pH and high and low content of KTK and C-organic. The amount of KTK is largely determined by soil pH, soil texture and C-organic content.
POTENSI SPESIES DI SEKITAR MATA AIR BENA SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KETERSEDIAAN AIR DI DESA NIBAAF KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA
Authors: Metkono Hesron , Binsasi Remigius , Naisumu Yolanda Getrudis
Published: July 2024

Nibaaf Village is one of the areas in Noemuti District, North Central Timor Regency. This village has a spring called Bena spring. Bena Spring is one of the natural springs located in the production forest area of ​​Nibaaf Village, North Central Timor Regency. This research aims to determine the type of vegetation, species that have potential as indicators of water availability, and the influence of vegetation on water availability, as well as to determine the efforts made by the Nibaaf Village community to protect and preserve Bena springs as a production forest area. This research was carried out from December 2023 to February 2024 at the Bena springs in Nibaaf Village, Noemuti District, North Central Timor Regency. The method used in this research is the quadratic plot method which is carried out by making 7 plots measuring 20 m x 20 m. The research results showed that there were 19 types of species distributed in tree growth forms, poles, saplings and seedlings. Consisting of 97 individuals for growth from trees, 70 individuals for growth from poles, 144 individuals for growth from saplings, and 430 individuals for growth from seedlings. The results of the highest INP data analysis for growth from trees were Eucaliptus alba with an INP of 181.27%. The highest INP for growth from poles is Swietenia mahagoni with an INP of 158.51%. The highest INP for growth from saplings is Syzgium aqueum with an INP of 242.08%. The highest INP for growth from seedlings was Sweitenia mahagoni with an INP of 64.17%. The Shannon Winner Diversity Index is in the medium category, the Evennes/Evenness Index is in the high category, and the Dominance Index is in the medium category. Types of plants that have potential as indicators of water availability around the Bena spring are Swietenia mahagoni, Syzygium aqueum, and Ficus benjamina. The existence of vegetation around the Bena spring has a big influence on water availability because it can conserve water. Therefore, this vegetation needs to be maintained and preserved or reforested in order to maintain the stability of water discharge during the dry season. Efforts made by the Nibaaf Village community to protect and preserve the Bena spring as a production forest area include: not cutting down trees carelessly, not throwing away rubbish, and carrying out reforestation to maintain soil fertility so that the spring does not dry out.
Deciphering probabilistic species interaction networks
Authors: Banville Francis , Strydom Tanya , Blyth Penelope , Brimacombe Chris , Catchen Michael , Dansereau Gabriel , Higino Gracielle , Malpas Thomas , Mayall Hana , Norman Kari , Gravel Dominique , Poisot Timothée
Published: July 2024

Representing species interactions probabilistically (how likely are they to occur?) as opposed to deterministically (are they occurring?) conveys uncertainties in our knowledge of interactions and information on their variability. The sources of uncertainty captured by interaction probabilities depend on the method used to evaluate them: uncertainty of predictive models, subjective assessment of experts, or empirical measurement of interaction spatiotemporal variability. However, guidelines for the estimation and documentation of probabilistic interaction data are lacking. This is concerning because our understanding and analysis of interaction probabilities depend on their sometimes elusive definition and uncertainty sources. We review how probabilistic interactions are defined at different spatial scales, from local interactions to regional networks (metawebs), with a strong emphasis on host-parasite and trophic (predatory and herbivory) interactions. These definitions are based on the distinction between the realization of an interaction at a specific time and space (local) and its biological or ecological feasibility (regional). Using host-parasite interactions in Europe, we illustrate how these two network representations differ in their statistical properties, specifically: how local networks and metawebs differ in their spatial and temporal scaling of probabilistic interactions, but not in their taxonomic scaling. We present two approaches to inferring binary interactions from probabilistic ones that account for these differences and show that systematic biases arise when directly inferring local networks from metawebs. Our results underscore the importance of more rigorous descriptions of probabilistic species interaction networks that specify their type of interaction (local or regional), conditional variables and uncertainty sources.
Temperature-dependent differences in male and female life history responses to a period of food limitation during development
Authors: Moura-Campos Diego , Chung Meng-han , Lawrence Edward , Jennions Michael , Head Megan
Published: July 2024

With climate change, animals face both rising temperatures and more variable food availability. Many species have evolved an adaptative response to historic variation in food availability: they grow faster after a period of diet restriction (“compensatory growth”). However, higher temperatures may reduce the capacity for compensatory growth in ectotherms because individuals require more resources to support their increased metabolism. We experimentally tested how higher temperature affects compensatory growth by raising guppies (Poecilia reticulata) at a high or control temperature, and on a normal or temporarily restricted diet during early development. At the control temperature guppies on the restricted diet grew faster once their diet returned to normal. Both sexes showed compensatory growth. At the high temperature, both sexes also increased their growth rates after dietary restriction ended, but the life history outcomes differed. Males at the high temperature matured earlier and were smaller than males reared at the control temperature. In contrast, females at the high temperature matured later and were bigger than females at the control temperature. Our study highlights that rising temperatures could reduce the ability of fish to compensate for periods of low food availability, and that males and females can have different responses to the same environmental stressors.
Basic Provisions of the Logistic Mechanism of the Development of Enterprise
Authors: Gubarev Ruslan V. ,   MEDICAL ADVANCE LLC
Published: July 2024

The article highlights the importance of developing a logistic mechanism with a focus on ensuring the development of enterprise activities. The importance of such a mechanism is determined by a number of factors in the formation of the internal environment of the enterprise and its ability to adapt to market challenges. Particular importance of the logistic mechanism lies in the definition of rational managerial decisions that provide for a stable increase in the efficiency and development of the enterprise with a focus on meeting the interests of end consumers. Considerable attention is paid to the aspects of establishing the commodity turnover of enterprise, which are determined by the market challenges of building a logistics system and also trends in competition and changes in the consumer needs of buyers. It is emphasized that the logistic mechanism is a set of elements (principles, functions, tasks, etc.), which are aimed at achieving the aim and priorities of development of the enterprise. According to this approach, the built logistic mechanism is focused on creating an attractive environment for the development of new types of enterprise activities, which are largely related to digital technologies. Special attention is paid to the aspects of informatization of the enterprise’s logistic system and it is concluded that the management of logistic flows will increasingly involve the transition to digital platforms and networks in order to choose optimal and more efficient routes for the supply of products. Also, the main guidelines of the logistic mechanism include the systematic management of all flow operations and their coordination with the strategic goals of the enterprise’s development, achieving minimum costs, while saving the time and volume of delivery, increasing the efficiency of using the resource provision of the enterprise and its optimization when establishing new directions of product logistics.