bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum based polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis
Authors: Kumar V. Naveen , Bharathi M. Vijaya , Selvaraju G. , Porteen K. , Vijayarani K.
Published: July 2018

Brucellosis is one of the economically important diseases in India and diagnosis of brucellosis using single test is cumbersome due to variation in sensitivity and specificity among the different test. The present study was aimed to assess the suitability of serum as clinical specimen in molecular diagnosis and evaluate the serology and molecular assays as in diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. A total of 821 bovine sera samples were subjected to indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA) and serum based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. On serology 6.70 per cent positivity of brucellosis were reported and on PCR assay, 47 and 29 sera samples were positive for bcsp 31 genus specific and IS711 species specific PCR assay respectively with per cent positivity of 5.72 and 3.53. In comparison between serology and molecular test, 44 samples were positive for both assays and 11 and 3 samples were positive for serology and molecular assays individually. This study suggests that serum sample can be utilised as the choice of clinical specimen for both PCR assay and i-ELISA will be a future choice for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.
Evaluation of additive effect of feed additives in crossbred cows under in vitro and in vivo conditions
Authors: Lokesha E. , Srinivas Bandla
Published: July 2018

The Study was conducted to evaluate the additive effect of selected feed additives (Glycerol, a mixture of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE), a mixture of probiotics and rumen protected methionine (RPM) under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The optimum dose of pre-mixture of feed additives (PFA) was evaluated by in vitro gas production technique in two stages. The marginal increase in Y-max and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) for each incremental increase in PFA was compared graphically and it was found to be 1.7 %. In in vivo trial, 12 crossbred HF cows were equally divided into 3 groups based on milk yield and average days in lactation. The optimized dose of PFA was added to the concentrate supplements without (T1) or with buffer (T2), control group (CG) was fed with the basal diet (roughage: concentrate ratio of 60:40). Results indicated that PFA with or without buffer had no significant effect on nutrient intake and digestibility. Fat corrected milk yield (FCM), milk fat, total solids (TS) and milk protein were significantly (P Lass Than 0.01) increased in TGs than that of CG. From the results, it may be concluded that optimized PFA had an additive effect on milk production efficiency but not on nutrient intake and digestibility. Further, different groups of feed additives can be evaluated for additive effect, which may pave the way for commercial product preparation.
Immunohistochemical detection of gremlin-2 protein in hen ovarian prehierarchical follicle cells
Authors: Tyasi T. L. , Qin N. , Niu X. , Chen X. , Zhu H. , Sun X. , Zhang F. , Xu R.
Published: July 2018

The objective of this work was to investigate the distribution of the gremlin-2 (GREM2) protein in various cells of chicken ovarian prehierarchical follicles (6-8 mm in diameter). Chickens (n=10) were slaughtered at the age of 21 weeks and ovarian prehierarchical follicles were removed from the hen ovary. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the localization of GREM2 protein and the results showed that GREM2 protein is distributed in the chicken prehierarchical ovarian follicle cells and the expression varied with the cell types. GREM2 protein was more dominant in granulosa cells (GCs) and oocytes (OC) (P Lass Than 0.05) than other cells in the chicken prehierarchical ovarian follicles. The immunohistochemical study suggests that GREM2 protein might play an important role in GCs proliferation and OC maturation of chicken prehierarchical ovarian follicles during growth and development.
Variations in some haemato-biochemical markers from a small flock of free ranging Nguni, Boer and Non-descript goats during late gestation and early lactation periods
Authors: Idamokoro Emrobowansan M. , Muchenje Voster , Afolayan Anthony J. , Masika Patrick J.
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to assess the influence of genotype and physiological status on blood metabolites of Nguni (10), Boer (10) and Non-descript (10) goats during late gestation and early lactation periods. Blood samples were collected and analysed using standard methods. The result revealed that, Nguni goat had higher (P Lass Than 0.05) mean values of red cell counts (13.37 x1011/L), haemoglobin (9.07 g/dL) and creatine kinase (269.54 U/L) compared to Boer (9.96 x 1011/L, 7.94 g/ dL and 132.16 U/L) and Non-descript (12.98 x 1011 /L, 7.85 g/ dL and 143.50 U/L) goats, respectively. The Nguni goat also had higher mean values of glucose (3.38 mmol/L) and urea content (5.51 mmol/L) compared to Boer goats (2.96 mmol/L and 4.45 mmol/L) and Non-descript (2.50 mmol/L and 3.90 mmol/L). There was higher mean values of red cell counts (14.44 x 1011 /L), haemoglobin (8.57 g/dL), glucose (3.12 mmol/L), sodium (141.74 mmol/L) and calcium content (2.37 mmol/L) during late gestation compared to early lactation (9.77 x 1011/ L, 8.00 g /dL, 2.77 mmol/L, 137.37 mmol/L and 2.23 mmol/L) period. It was concluded that, genotypes and physiological status had influence on blood metabolites of goats.
Árvore de decisão para o diagnóstico de enfermagem falta de adesão em pessoas vivendo com AIDS
Authors: Neto Vinicius Lino de Souza , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da , Silva Igor Alves da , Alves Renan Ribeiro Barbosa , Silva Francisca Simone da , Abrantes Rogéria Moreira de
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: elaborar uma árvore de decisão para formular o diagnóstico de enfermagem “falta de adesão e ansiedade em pessoas vivendo com AIDS”. Método: estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em hospital referência no tratamento de doenças infectocontagiosas no Nordeste do Brasil. A população estudada consistiu em pacientes com AIDS, hospitalizados na unidade hospitalar. A elaboração dos diagnósticos foi processual, realizada simultaneamente com a coleta de dados, buscando identificar as características definidoras e fatores relacionados/de risco de acordo com NANDA-I. Para o tratamento dos dados coletados, os instrumentos foram numerados e as variáveis codificadas e inseridas num banco de dados. Para análise do grau de concordância, o índice Kappa foi escolhido. Resultados: identificaram-se os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem, como a falta de adesão, que estava presente em 100% dos participantes, com índice de concordância superior a 80%. O estudo identificou as principais características definidoras e fatores relacionados/associados ao diagnóstico. Das respectivas características definidoras e fatores relacionados, a árvore de decisão foi elaborada. Conclusão: o modelo de decisão do diagnóstico falta de adesão apresentou as características determinantes, falta de comportamento de adesão e fatores relacionados, conhecimento insuficiente sobre o regime terapêutico e esquema de tratamento complexo.
Hasat Öncesi Farklı Dozlardaki Putresin Uygulamasının 0900 Ziraat Kiraz Çeşidinin Soğukta Depolama Süre ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Koyuncu Mehmet Ali , Erbaş Derya , Onursal Cemile Ebru , Özüsoy Funda
Published: July 2018

Çalışma, hasat
öncesi Putresin (PUT) uygulamasının 0900 Ziraat kiraz çeşidinin depolama süresi
ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Ağaçlara,
tahmini derim tarihinden 3 hafta önce sprey şeklinde 2.5, 5 ve 7.5 mM
dozlarında PUT+Tween-20 (% 0.01) 
uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna ise yine sprey şeklinde saf su+Tween-20
(% 0.01) uygulanmıştır. Optimum derim tarihinde toplanan kirazlar, modifiye
atmosfer poşetlerine (MAP) yerleştirilerek 0 °C’de ve % 90±5 oransal nem
koşullarında 50 gün süre ile depolanmıştır. Depolamanın başlangıcında, 10.,
20., 30., 40. ve 50. günlerinde soğukta muhafazadan
çıkarılan meyve örneklerinde ağırlık kaybı, suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı,
titre edilebilir asitlik miktarı, meyve sertliği, meyve kabuk ve sap
rengi,  solunum hızı ve poşet içi gaz
bileşimi ölçümleri ile duyusal değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda PUT
uygulamalarının bütün dozları incelenen kalite parametreleri bakımından kontrol
grubuna oranla olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. Sap ve meyve kabuk
renginin korunması ile duyusal değerlendirmeler bakımından en iyi sonuçlar 2.5
ve 5.0 mM PUT uygulamasında elde edilmiştir. Kontrol meyveleri 30 gün, PUT
uygulananlar ise 40 gün pazarlanabilir kalitede kalabilmişlerdir. Ancak yüzeyde
kusursuz seviyede çöküntü istendiğinde bu süreler 20 ve 30 gün olarak
düşünülebilir.
La ética en la investigación de Enfermería
Authors: Mayorca Carmelo Carmen Rosa
Published: July 2018

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A Simple Unified Equation for Accurate and Rapid Quantification of Fe3+/∑Fe Obtained from Room Temperature Mössbauer Spectroscopic Measurements
Authors: Adetunji Jacob
Published: July 2018

The accurate quantification of F e 3+ ΣFe MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB PrgifHhDYfgatCvAUfeBSn0BKvguHDwzZbqeg8lRmxoasaacPqpw0l e9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr 0RYxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaci GacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaqbaOqaamaalaaabaGaamOraiaadwgadaah aaWcbeqaaiaaiodacqGHRaWkaaaakeaacqqHJoWucaWGgbGaamyzaa aaaaa@4990@  ratios for Mössbauer spectroscopic room temperature measurements involves many steps and, when shown in a composite Mössbaur data table, does not allow enough space for more Mössbauer parameters to be presented in the composite table. So a simple formula is derived, (presented as a short communication) which users will find helpful when they have to determine corrected F e 3+ ΣFe MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngB PrgifHhDYfgatCvAUfeBSn0BKvguHDwzZbqeg8lRmxoasaacPqpw0l e9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr 0RYxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaci GacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaqbaOqaamaalaaabaGaamOraiaadwgadaah aaWcbeqaaiaaiodacqGHRaWkaaaakeaacqqHJoWucaWGgbGaamyzaa aaaaa@4990@  ratios in their room temperature Mössbauer experiments.
Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Social and Environmental Changes Affecting Everglades National Park in South Florida, U.S.A
Authors: Schuett Michael A. , Choe Yunseon , Matarrita-Cascante David
Published: July 2018

Over the last few decades, urban expansion and population shifts have modified the existing landscape throughout the U.S. Protected areas and development are compatible lenses, yet stakeholders’ involvement in decision-making is often missing from environmental governance. We examine how stakeholders living and working in proximity to Everglades National Park (EVER) perceive environmental and social changes to the park and community park relations. EVER was selected as a study site for several reasons: proximity to urban areas, rich biological diversity, largest subtropical wilderness in the U.S., International Biosphere Reserve, World Heritage Site, and prominence as a tourist destination for the region. Forty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with neighborhood groups, representatives from gateway communities, and conservation organizations. An analysis of the interview data generated six research themes: loss of native species, urban development, a shortage and contamination of water, hurricanes, climate change, and increased recreation use. The results of this study add to the literature by providing a better understanding of the relationships stakeholders have with national parks. The results will provide useable knowledge that may help stakeholders and public land managers design strategies related for sustainable plans for the park and its surrounding communities.
Theoretical Explanation for Reduced Body Mass Index and Obesity Rates in Cannabis Users
Authors: Clark Thomas , Jones, Jessica , Hall Alexis , Tabner Sara , Kmiec Rebecca
Published: July 2018

Obesity is treatment-resistant, and is linked with a number of serious, chronic diseases. Adult obesity rates in the United States have tripled since the early 1960s. Recent reviews show that an increased ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids contributes to obesity rates by increasing levels of the endocannabinoid signals AEA and 2-AG, overstimulating CB1R and leading to increased caloric intake, reduced metabolic rates, and weight gain. Cannabis, or THC, also stimulates CB1R and increases caloric intake during acute exposures. The present meta-analysis reveals significantly reduced body mass index and rates of obesity in Cannabis users, in conjunction with increased caloric intake. We provide for the first time a causative explanation for this paradox, in which rapid and long-lasting downregulation of CB1R following acute Cannabis consumption reduces energy intake and storage and increases metabolic rates, thus reversing the impact on body mass index of elevated dietary omega-6/omega-3 ratios.
Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Lipopolysaccharides Induce a Lower Pro-Inflammatory Effect within the Proteoliposome Used in Cuban Anti-Meningococcal Vaccines
Authors: Pérez Oliver , Graham Sarah , Lastre Miriam , Ellis Charles D. , Ramos Raúl , Tellez-Martínez Damiana , Batista Duharte Alexander
Published: July 2018

Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles or proteoliposomes (PLs) has been used as vaccines and adjuvant. Despite the presence of potentially toxic amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), they have been shown to be safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic. This suggests that LPS-PL may have reduced LPS toxicity. We show here that the ability of PL to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human U937 histiocytic cell line is significantly lesser than that of an equivalent concentration of purified LPS, thus confirming that certain components or physical properties of PL reduce the pro-inflammatory activity of their endogenous LPS. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for this protective effect, PLs were fractionated and assayed the ability of the resulting fractions to induce inflammatory cytokine expression. Several individual PLs fractions were more potent inducers of pro-inflammatory cytokine production than the unfractionated PLs. The majority of the pro-inflammatory activities appeared to be mediated by the presence of LPS in the fractions, as shown by the ability of an anti-CD14 antibody to block it. However, in two PL fractions, the production of IL-8 and to a lesser extent IL-6 was not inhibited by anti-CD14 treatment, indicating that pro-inflammatory components other than LPS could also be present in PL. Eight proteins present in the fractions were identified by n-terminal sequencing. Our results suggest that two of them PorB and particularly the RmpM protein may also contribute to the pro-inflammatory activity of N. meningitidis PL. Our results could support the development of PLs as vaccine adjuvant.
Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Promises and Challenges of HPV Vaccination
Authors: Black Eleanor , Richmond Robyn
Published: July 2018

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), cervical cancer is a critical public health issue; it is the second leading cause of cancer among women and the leading cause of female cancer deaths. Incidence and mortality rates are substantially higher than in high-income countries with population-based screening programs, yet implementing screening programs in SSA has so far proven to be challenging due to financial, logistical and sociocultural factors. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an effective approach for primary prevention of cervical cancer and presents an opportunity to reduce the burden from cervical cancer in SSA. With a number of SSA countries now eligible for GAVI support for vaccine introduction, it is timely to consider the factors that impede and facilitate implementation of vaccine programs in SSA. This article reviews the epidemiological and clinical features of cervical cancer in SSA and describes the current status of HPV vaccine implementation in SSA countries. The review considers the challenges that will need to be addressed, and effective approaches to the design and implementation of HPV vaccination programs, using Rwanda as a case study. The review aims to provide suggestions and guidance to those involved in the development and implementation of HPV vaccination programs in SSA.
Separation of Negatively Charged TiO2-Coated Polystyrene Beads in Microfluidic Device
Authors: Phiphatanaphiphop Chalinee , Leksakul Komgrit , Phatthanakun Rungrueang , Busayaporn Wutthikrai , Saiyasombat Chatree , Phothongkam Pat , Anshori Isa , Rana MdMohosin , Suzuki Hiroaki
Published: July 2018

Of late, there has been much progress in assisted reproductive technology (ART) which is used to achieve pregnancy. ART is used not only to obtain higher rates of pregnancy but also for reducing communicable diseases, solving genetic disorders, and, even, sex selection. To improve ART beyond some limitations, microfluidic systems have been introduced as bio-sensing devices. As reported in the previous work, sperms with the different chromosomes X and Y have different electrical charges. Therefore, a specially designed microfluidic device with microelectrodes was fabricated to sort the different electrically charged particles. In order to examine the device, TiO2-coated polystyrene beads (TiO2-coated Ps-beads) were synthesized. The processes that are employed to fabricate and characterize the beads, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Tungsten Scanning Electron Microscopy (W-SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mode, and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), have been reported in this work. Results show that TiO2 was partly coated on the Ps-beads in the mixed form of amorphous Ti4+ and had caused a negative charge to appear on the surface after fabrication and had sustained the charge for long. The beads were tested using a microfluidic device installed with microelectrodes, and it was found that the device could successfully separate the negatively charged particles from the neutral ones.
The Channel-Kinase TRPM7 as Novel Regulator of Immune System Homeostasis
Authors: Nadolni Wiebke , Zierler Susanna
Published: July 2018

The enzyme-coupled transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 7, TRPM7, has been associated with immunity and immune cell signalling. Here, we review the role of this remarkable signalling protein in lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, activation and survival. We also discuss its role in mast cell, neutrophil and macrophage function and highlight the potential of TRPM7 to regulate immune system homeostasis. Further, we shed light on how the cellular signalling cascades involving TRPM7 channel and/or kinase activity culminate in pathologies as diverse as allergic hypersensitivity, arterial thrombosis, and graft versus host disease (GVHD), stressing the need for TRPM7 specific pharmacological modulators.
Evaluation of a High Concentrate Omega-3 for Correcting the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Nutritional Deficiency in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and effects on Hepatic Steatosis (CONDIN)
Authors: Tobin Derek , Brevik-Andersen Merethe , Qin Yan , Innes Jackie , Calder Philip
Published: July 2018

Background & Aims: This RCT aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of MF4637, a medical food comprising highly concentrated, highly purified, long chain (LC) omega-3 fatty acids, (460 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 380 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) in correcting the omega-3 fatty acid nutritional deficiency present in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The potential for MF4637 to reduce liver fat was evaluated in a subset of patients. Methods: 176 subjects with NAFLD were randomised to receive 3 g/d of LC-omega-3 fatty acids (n=87) or placebo (olive oil; n=89) for 24 weeks, in addition to following standard-of-care dietary guidelines for these patients. Thus, interventions were given on top of the dietary advice. The omega-3 index, omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio (primary outcome) and quantitative measurements of red blood cell (RBC) EPA and DHA (secondary outcome) were determined at baseline and study completion. Magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) assessment of change in liver fat fraction was conducted in a subset of patients. Results: Of the 176 randomised subjects, 167 were analysed for the primary and secondary outcomes (n=81 in the MF4637 group; n=86 in the placebo group). Supplementation with MF4637 for 24 weeks significantly increased the omega-3 index and absolute values of RBC EPA and DHA, and decreased the omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio in NAFLD patients compared to placebo (p<0.0001). There was a statistically significant reduction in liver fat content within both groups with no difference between them. An inverse relationship between change in absolute RBC EPA+DHA and change in liver fat, AST and ALT levels was seen suggesting that a greater increase in omega-3 content was associated with a reduction for both liver fat content and improvement in liver enzyme levels. Additionally, a significant liver fat-lowering effect of MF4637 compared to placebo was demonstrated in a subset of patients with baseline fatty liver index (FLI) score ≥ 40. There were no serious adverse events related to study interventions. Conclusions: The study results demonstrate that the medical food MF4637, was able to correct the nutritional deficiency of omega-3 in NAFLD patients above and beyond that obtained with nutritional counselling. This demonstrates that MF4637 is beneficial in raising the low omega-3 index observed in these patients. A reduction in hepatic steatosis was demonstrated with both intervention groups although no distinction between groups was seen. Further analyses demonstrate the potential to identify omega-3 sensitive patients using an easily available clinical tool for steatosis prediction.
Lignin-Derived Biomaterials for Drug Release and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Alzagameem Abla , Bergs Michel , Witzler Markus , El Khaldi-Hansen Basma , Klein Stephanie E. , Hielscher Dorothee , Kamm Birgit , Kreyenschmidt Judith , Tobiasch Edda , Schulze Margit
Published: July 2018

Renewable resources gain increasing interest as source for environmentally benign biomaterials, such as drug encapsulation/release compounds, and scaffolds for tissue engineering in regenerative medicine. Being the second largest naturally abundant polymer, the interest in lignin valorization for biomedical utilization is rapidly growing. Depending on resource and isolation procedure, lignin shows specific antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Today, efforts in research and industry are directed toward lignin utilization as renewable macromolecular building block for the preparation of polymeric drug encapsulation and scaffold materials. Within the last five years, remarkable progress has been made in isolation, functionalization and modification of lignin and lignin-derived compounds. However, literature so far mainly focuses lignin-derived fuels, lubricants and resins. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of the art and to highlight the most important results in the field of lignin-based materials for potential use in biomedicine (reported in 2014–2018). Special focus is drawn on lignin-derived nanomaterials for drug encapsulation and release as well as lignin hybrid materials used as scaffolds for guided bone regeneration in stem cell-based therapies.
BELAJAR MATEMATIKA YANG MENYENANGKAN MELALUI METODE PERMAINAN
Authors: Marisa Marisa
Published: July 2018

Mathematics is a boring and difficult subject for many learners. The situation challenges mathematics tutors to look for the solution and to change the learners' perception about mathematics — from a frightening subject to an interesting one. Learning mathematics through games is one of the solutions. Games is a creative method that can help to create a more enjoyable atmosphere for the learners to study mathematics. Games also helps the learners memorize better than that of the other methods because the learners are not only passive listeners but they are more involved in the learning.
Evaluation of claw development in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879)
Authors: Suresh Babu P. P. , Srinivasa Rao P. , Biju I. F. , Dharmadurai C. , Babitha Rani A. M.
Published: July 2018

Dynamics of claw development in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) was evaluated through monosex culture. The segregated males and females were stocked separately in two earthen ponds of 200 m2 area, at a density of 2.5 m-2 and reared for 3 months. Percentage contribution of claw weight to body weight (PCB) increased from 8.96 to 14.4% in the first month, but the change was minimal (14.4 to 17.19%) during the rest of the culture period. In order to delineate the relationship further, the data obtained was pooled together and classified into different classes based on the body weight (class interval 10 g). Interestingly, PCB in males decreased gradually upto 30 - 40 g weight class and then increased considerably for higher weight classes. But for females, the increase in PCB was marginal.
Assessment of offshore shrimp stocks of Bangladesh based on commercial shrimp trawl logbook data
Authors: Barua Suman , Magnusson Arni , Humayun Nasiruddin MD
Published: July 2018

This study presents the results of analytical assessment of offshore shrimp stock in Bangladesh marine waters. A time series of annual catch per unit effort (CPUE) was derived from commercial logbook data during the period from 1986 to 2016 and used as a turning series for a Schaefer biomass model. The current stock size and annual harvest rate were estimated to be around 20300 t and 20% respectively, with the stock size increasing in the last ten years. The estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) reference points with 95% confidence intervals are optimal biomass BMSY = 15800 t (11300-22000 t) and optimal harvest rate uMSY = 30% (21-42%). The average annual catch was 4650 t, close to the estimated MSY of 4710 t (4570-4860 t). Overall, the stock is estimated to be in a good state and the data show that CPUE in recent years is slightly above the long-term average. The assessment results are subject to considerable uncertainty, reflected in wide confidence intervals around the estimated stock status. Moreover, the simple assessment model has restrictive assumptions that may not capture the underlying dynamics of the Bangladesh shrimp fishery, a multispecies tropical fishery with changes in the fleet composition and fishing technology. Nevertheless, the model fits well to the CPUE data and the assessment is a valuable basis for giving short-term and long-term management advice.
Indigenous fishing techniques and their effectiveness as perceived by fishers in Cachar District, Assam, India
Authors: Nath Kapil Deb , Borah Simanku , Chetia Barkha Rani , Saikia Nabadeep , Saud Bhaskar J. , Majumdar Ranendra Kumar
Published: July 2018

The present study investigated traditional fishing devices namely Bundh, Dori and Gori Jal operated by fishers of Cachar District, Assam in rivers and small canals. The study was carried out in Ghagra River and adjoining small canals. Water current as well as indigenous knowledge of fishers on movement of fishes and foraging behaviour of freshwater prawns were found to be utilised to a great extent to catch the target species. Assessment of the effectiveness and rationality as perceived by fishers and experts respectively showed that Bundh fishing was highly effective Mean Perceived Effectiveness Index (MPEI score >2.5) whereas the other two fishing techniques namely Dori and Gori Jal were effective (MPEI score >2). All the three indigenous fishing techniques were found to be rational with a mean score ≥3.
Systematics, fishery and biology of the white sardine Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) exploited off Kerala, south-west coast of India
Authors: Abdussamad E. M. , Mini K. G. , Gireesh R. , Prakasan D. , Retheesh T. B. , Rohith Prathibha , Gopalakrishnan A.
Published: July 2018

Landings of the white sardine Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) indicated a shift in their abundance from northeast to south-west coast of India and a sharp decline in the resource landings during the last decade along the entire range of its distribution. High local demand coupled with competitive price for the species might have led to overexploitation of this otherwise seasonal resources along the major areas of its abundance along the Indian coast. Detailed study on the systematics, fishery and biology of the species landed along Kerala coast was undertaken during 2015 and 2016. Stock assessment studies indicated near optimum fishing pressure on the resource along the Kerala coast.
Changes in the hypothalamus in relation to testicular cells during growth, maturation and spawning phases in the brackishwater teleost Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Bose S. , Chakrabarti P.
Published: July 2018

In the present investigation, different cell types in the hypothalamus of the goldspot mullet Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822) were characterised on the basis of their arrangement, distribution and tinctorial properties. The hypothalamic neurosecretory system of L. parsia is made up of two nuclei rich areas viz., nucleus pre-opticus (NPO), nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) and their axonal pathways. The NPO is vertically organised and the cells are arranged in an oblique plane on either side of the third ventricle. The larger cells viz., pars magnocellularis (PMC) are dorsally placed whereas smaller cells, pars parvocellularis (PPC) are placed ventrally to the third ventricle. Fine thread like axons stained with chrome-alum-haematoxylin-phloxine (CAHP) extend from preoptic cells to the close proximity of blood capillaries. Cells of the NLT are paired and situated above the pituitary gland. The cells of NPO and NLT exhibited both quantitative and qualitative variations during different periods of the testicular maturation. During growth and maturation periods, cells of PMC and NLT were characterised by intense staining and dense homogeneous granules along with deposition of neurosecretory materials. During spawning period, slight decrease in staining affinity of the cells of PMC and NLT were recorded. Changes in the testes of L. parsia have been described according to variations in gonadosomatic index (GSI) values and frequency percentages of different male germ cells during growth, maturation and spawning phases.
Isolation and characterisation of Vibrio harveyi as etiological agent of foot pustule disease in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino 1953
Authors: Wang R. X. , Yao T. , Liu X. J. , Wang J. Y.
Published: July 2018

Foot pustule disease is an important disease affecting abalones. In the present study, microbiological and histopathological investigations were carried out in the Japanese abalone Haliotis discus hannai, affected by foot pustule disease. Diseased abalones became lethargic, weak, and eventually died. The remarkable symptoms were apparent foot pustules and atrophy of the foot muscle. A predominant bacterium designated as BV2 was isolated from the pustules of diseased abalones. Experimental infection by immersion challenge showed that BV2 was virulent to abalones and caused symptoms of foot pustule disease with median lethal dose value of ≈7.76×105 cfu ml-1. BV2 was infectious to all tested abalones with high mortality. Histopathological investigations showed degeneration and collapse of foot muscles as well as connective tissues. Tissues in round pustules were necrotic and disorganised. The BV2 bacterium was identified as Vibrio harveyi based on the results of phenotypic and biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.. The bacterium was found resistant to kanamycin and clindamycin, and sensitive to other 11 antibiotics tested.
Effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc meal on growth and survival of GIFT tilapia
Authors: Prabu E. , Rajagopalsamy C.B.T , Ahilan B. , Jeevagan Jegan Michael Andro , Renuhadevi M.
Published: July 2018

A 60 days indoor growth trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc meal on growth and survival of juvenile GIFT tilapia. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets (32% crude protein) were prepared using biofloc meal at different inclusion levels viz., 0 (T0), 20 (T1), 30 (T2) and 40% (T3). A commercial diet (T4) was used for comparison. The feeding trial was conducted in 15 nos. of 40 l plastic troughs in triplicate, utilising GIFT tilapias weighing an average of 2 g. During the experimental period, water quality parameters were measured and recorded daily. The mean value of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, ammonia-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, hardness and alkalinity recorded in the experimental systems were 28.5°C, 8.1, 5.5 ppm, 4.5 ppt, 0.03 ppm, 0.07 ppm, 11 ppm, 630 ppm and 162.5 ppm respectively. Among the biofloc meal enriched diets, diet T1 with 20% biofloc yielded the best results in terms of average body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FER). The mean body weight gain recorded in T1 was 25.28±0.81 g. The results demonstrated that biofloc meal is a potential ingredient that can be incorporated in GIFT tilapia diet at 20% level for better growth performance.
Neuronal Cell Death and Mice (Mus Musculus) Behaviour after Induced by Bee Venom
Authors: Rian Oktiansyah  , Berry Juliandi  , Kanthi Arum Widayati  , Vetnizah Juniantito
Published: July 2018

Neuronal cell death can occur in a tissue or organ, including the brain, which affects memory. The objectives of this study were to determine the dose of bee venom that causes neuronal death and analyse the alteration of mouse behaviour, focusing in particular on spatial memory. Fifteen male mice of Deutsche Denken Yoken (DDY) strain were divided into control and treatment groups. Bee venom was injected six times for two weeks intraperitoneally with 1.88 mg/kg, 3.76 mg/kg, 5.6 mg/kg, and 7.48 mg/kg doses of venom. Brain histology was studied using haematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin embedded 5 ?m coronal sections. A Y maze test was used to assay behaviour. Parameters observed were the number of dead neurons and the percentage of mice with altered behaviour. ANOVA showed that the effects of bee venom were significantly different in the case of the neuronal death parameter but were not significantly different in the case of the mice behaviour parameter. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) demonstrated that P4 (7.48 mg/kg) gave the highest effect of bee venom to promote neuronal death.
The Solar Flux and Sunspot Number; A Long-Trend Analysis
Authors: Tiwari Babu Ram , Kumar Mukul
Published: July 2018

We investigate the nature of monthly sunspot numbers and solar flux F10.7 by employing the linear and multiple regression techniques. We observed a brilliant correlation between monthly mean sunspot number and F10.7. We observed that even in deep solar minimum there exist some magnetic activities. We obtained the coefficient of determination R2 to be 0.9533. We estimated the correlation coefficient for solar flux F10.7 and sunspot number to be 0.97. We extrapolated the F10.7 back to the year 1700 and observed a good correspondence between the modelled F10.7 and sunspot nature. We also found a very good correspondence between the modelled and observed solar flux F10.7.
PECULIARITIES OF KURIL ISLANDS POPULATION FOOD RATION INFLUENCING THE INTERNAL DOSE FORMING
Authors: Kaduka M. V. , Basalaeva L. N. , Bekyasheva T. A. , Ivanov S. A. , Salazkina N. V. , Stupina V. V. , Kaduka А. N.
Published: July 2018

Institute of Radiation Hygiene carried out series of field studies because of possible dissemination of radioactive contamination in the territories of Far East regions of Russian Federation after the accident on “Fukushima-1” NPP. The aim of investigations was to clarify radiation situation in the territories of Sakhalin region. We carried out investigations during May-October of 2011 in the Sought-Eastern part of Sakhalin region including the territories of Korsakov district of Sakhalin Island and Kunashir and Shikotan Islands, which are located close to “Fukushima-1” NPP. In autumn of 2012, we carried additional investigation in the Islands Sakhalin, Iturup and Kunashir. In the frames of expedition investigations of 2011 – 2012, we carried out gamma-irradiation dose rate measurements, gamma-spectrometric investigations, sampling of soil, foodstuffs, environmental samples, and as well local population questionnaire survey with the aim of clarification of the food rations. We sampled 132 foodstuffs samples, which local population use to consume and implemented their gamma-spectrometric and radiochemical analysis. We carried out 99 questionnaire surveys of population to estimate the volume of consumption of different foodstuffs, clarification of food ration and its peculiarities. Carried survives revealed that practically all respondents consume milk, fish, mainly sea fish, seafood and/or edible algae. Local population consume freshly cooked, salt and pickled forest herbs: wild garlic, fern, and burdock. The consumption of cow milk, produced mainly in private farms, could reach 200 l/year, sea fish – 170 kg/year, seafood – 100 kg/year, edible algae – 50 kg/year. More than 50% of respondents rather actively consume forest mushrooms – up to 90 kg/year, 3% of respondents consume meat of game – up to 6 kg/year and feathered game – up to 15 kg/year. Carried survives revealed peculiarities of cattle ration: the cows gaze unorganized, feed meadow and forest grass and herbs, algae from a coast. Forestlands of the investigated region are located in the territories with prevailing of sandy, sandy loam and loamy soils. The values of caesium isotopes transfer factors from such soils to foodstuffs and environmental objects are much higher than the values of transfer factors from fertile black soils. Thus, the population of investigated territory actively consume the foodstuffs transfer of caesium isotopes to which is rather high.
RISK-COMMUNICATION ISSUES IN RADIATION SAFETY: PREFERENCES OF THE PUBLIC IN THE LENINGRAD AND MURMANSK REGIONS ON THE SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Authors: Biblin A. M. , Arkhangelskaya G. A. , Zelentsova S. A. , Khramtsov E. V. , Akhmatdinov R. R. , Sokolov N. V. , Repin V. S.
Published: July 2018

A survey of the population of the Leningrad and Murmansk regions was conducted in 2016–2017. The survey was devoted to the study of preferred sources of information on radiation safety. The sample size in the Leningrad region was 962 respondents, and in the Murmansk region – 802 respondents. It was found that less than 30% of respondents living in the Leningrad and Murmansk regions show interest in obtaining information on radiation safety. The respondents noted the greatest importance in obtaining information on three topics: «the effect of radiation on the body and the impact on health», «radiation protection measures available at the place of residence», and «dangerous and safe radiation levels». The possibility of obtaining accessible and regular information about the radiation situation in the place of residence is in demand among approximately 45% of respondents in the Leningrad region and 37% in the Murmansk region. Television, Internet and the SMS alerts were most often chosen by respondents as the most appropriate source of such information. With age, the proportion of users of traditional media, especially television, is increasing, among women slightly more than among men. The population revealed distrust of the media as sources of information about the radiation situation and safety, the confidence index for all types of media is negative. In the Murmansk region, the index of confidence in the media is lower than that in the Leningrad region. Among all types of mass media, TV has the greatest confidence in the population. On the Internet, the official websites of Rospotrebnadzor and Rosatom, as well as the official websites of local authorities in the Leningrad region, which have positive trust index, have the greatest confidence in the population. Search services, blogs, social networks, media sites, and official sites of local authorities in the Murmansk region have negative confidence index. More than a half of the population considers the inclusion of special training programs in the system of secondary and higher education to be the most effective method of improving environmental literacy. The following methods of educational work are also in demand: lectures and seminars with the participation of specialists and watching videos.
EXPOSURE OF THE PUBLIC OF THE LENINRGAD REGION DUE TO THE NATURAL SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION
Authors: Istorik O. A. , Eremina L. A. , Barkovsky A. N. , Kormanovskaya T. A. , Akhmatdinov R. R.
Published: July 2018

This study is focused on the analysis of the results of the radiation-hygienic passportisation and the Joint state system of control and accounting of the individual doses of the public from natural sources of ionizing radiation in the Leningrad region. The results of the study include data on the number of measurements of the gamma-radiation dose rate in buildings and in open territories, number of measurements of volume activity and equivalent equilibrium volume activity of radon in the air in the public and residential buildings in the Leningrad region in 2007–2016 as well as the number of the assessments of the total volume alpha and beta activity and concentration of the natural occurring radionuclides in drinking water. The authors performed an assessment of the annual individual effective dose per resident of theLeningradregion. It was estimated as 3.09 mSv/year considering all the data in Regional dose databank. Natural sources of ionizing exposure contribute 92.6% to the annual effective dose to the public of the Leningrad region, that exceeds the average Russian values by 6%.
Allergic rhinitis in pediatric practice: how to identify and manage
Authors: Minaeva N. V. , Koryukina I. P.
Published: July 2018

The issues of diagnosis and management of allergic rhinitis (AR) in pediatric patients are considered on the basis of the current Russian clinical guidelines. The article presents the paediatrician tasks on the collection of anamnesis, the assessment of clinical symptoms, the setting of a preliminary diagnosis, the development of a diagnosis and therapy plan taking into account the modern medical care quality criteria. It also discloses the general principles of AR treatment, approaches to emergency symptomatic therapy using a combined intranasal drug Vibrocil (dimethindene + phenylephrine). The paper provides recommendations for the management of patients with allergic rhinitis in the district covered by child health care.
Establishment of lactation at the early stages, risk factors and prevention of hypogalactia
Authors: Zhdanova S. I. , Malinovskaya Yu. V. , Yunusova E. F.
Published: July 2018

According to the literature, hypogalactia is the most common cause of early termination of breast-feeding. The article describes the risk factors for the development of hypogalactia in the first days after birth, such as cesarean section, motherchild separation, and the low frequency of newborn feeding in the first day of life. In addition, the use of formulas without medical indications, especially in the first days after birth, when the success lactation is being established, is the most common cause of termination of breastfeeding due to hypogalactia. Medical indications for supplementary feeding, as well as ways of feeding with a formula that would not suppress the mother’s own lactation, are discussed in detail in the article on the basis of the guidelines of the American Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. Particular attention is paid to the main factors of the establishment of natural lactation: early application to the breast during the first hour of life, prolonged skin-toskin contact  between  mother  and  child, frequent feeding upon request of the child, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Systemic and inhaled glucocorticosteroids in acute obstructive laryngotracheitis
Authors: Zaytseva O. V.
Published: July 2018

Acute laryngotracheitis (croup) is an acute condition that most commonly affects children of the first 6 years. Croup is caused by viral infection of the upper airway, predominantly by parainfluenza virus. Croup is characterized by the signs of subglottic stenosis, which determines croup severity. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of croup treatment due to a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Typically, duration of corticosteroid treatment in croup does not exce ed several days. Even short-course systemic corticosteroids are associated with a number of adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, behavioral changes and sleep disturbance, etc. According to Russian clinical guidelines for croup management inhaled corticosteroid budesonide is the first line therapy. Budesonide efficacy in croup has been proved in numerous clinical trials. Based on similar effectiveness of inhaled and systemic corticosteroids in croup patients, budesonide is the preferred treatment option, because it helps to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
Functional disorders of the biliary tract. What a pediatrician needs to know
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Pykov M. I. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Sugyan N. G. , Zaidenvarg G. E. , Radchenko E. P. , Stepurina L. L.
Published: July 2018

According to the frequency of contact with a doctor, abdominal pain in children is second only to respiratory diseases. Since the pain syndrome is a nonspecific manifestation of various pathologies, the doctor faces a serious diagnostic task, which is especially difficult in pediatric practice. One of the frequent causes of abdominal pain in children is a disruption of the function of the digestive tract, in particular, the dysfunction of the billiard tract. The article considers etiopathogenetic mechanisms of development of functional disorders of the biliary tract in children, classification in the light of the Rome IV consensus, modern low-invasive methods for diagnosing dysfunctions of the biliary tract. The ultrasound of the hepatobiliary zone was assessed. Questions are given for self-control.
Production of Ligninolytic Enzymes from Penicillium Sp. and Its Efficiency to Decolourise Textile Dyes
Authors: Ayla Sridevi , Golla Narasimha , Pallipati Suvarnalathadevi
Published: July 2018

Background:

The present study discussed the bio decolourization of synthetic textile dyes using extracellular crude laccase from an Ascomycetes fungusPenicilliumsp. Laccase based decolourization is found to be potentially advantageous to bioremediation technologies.

Methods:

In this study, the production of laccase was observed for 7 days of incubation under shaking conditions. Maximum laccase production was secreted by fungal strain on the 6thday of incubation under submerged fermentation. Incubation of fungal mycelium and culture filtrate as crude enzyme obtained fromPenicilliumsp. with textile dyes - Indigo, Reactive black-5, Acid blue -1 and Vat brown -5 on solid PDA medium and liquid PDA broth showed effective biological dye decolourisation.

Result:

Solid state dye decolourisation had shown 45%, 25%, 50% and 72% colour removal of dyes - Indigo, Reactive black-5, Acid blue -1 and Vat brown -5 whereas maximum decolourization of same dyes of 45%, 20%, 48%, and 75% was obtained in liquid state with crude enzyme within 3h.

Conclusion:

The results had shown the potential dye decolourisation capacity of thePenicilliumsp. extracellular crude laccase and pave a way to apply this strain on an industrial scale.