bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the seismic field at Virgo and improved estimates of Newtonian-noise suppression by recesses
Authors: Singha Ayatri , Hild Stefan , Harms Jan , Tringali Maria C , Fiori Irene , Paoletti Federico , Bulik Tomasz , Idzkowski Bartosz , Bertolini Alessandro , Calloni Enrico , De Rosa Rosario , Errico Luciano , Gennai Alberto
Published: October 2021

Fluctuations of gravitational forces cause so-called Newtonian noise (NN) in gravitational-wave detectors which is expected to limit their low-frequency sensitivity in upcoming observing runs. Seismic NN is produced by seismic waves passing near a detector’s suspended test masses. It is predicted to be the strongest contribution to NN. Modeling this contribution accurately is a major challenge. Arrays of seismometers were deployed at the Virgo site to characterize the seismic field near the four test masses. In this paper, we present results of a spectral analysis of the array data from one of Virgo’s end buildings to identify dominant modes of the seismic field. Some of the modes can be associated with known seismic sources. Analyzing the modes over a range of frequencies, we provide a dispersion curve of Rayleigh waves. We find that the Rayleigh speed in the NN frequency band 10–20 Hz is very low (≲100 m s−1), which has important consequences for Virgo’s seismic NN. Using the new speed estimate, we find that the recess formed under the suspended test masses by a basement level at the end buildings leads to a 10 fold reduction of seismic NN.
Exploring oscillations with a nonlinear restoring force
Authors: Kontomaris S V , Malamou A
Published: October 2021

When exploring the oscillation of an object for small displacements from the equilibrium position, the magnitude of the applied force is approximately considered to be proportional to the object’s displacement. However, for bigger displacements, studied in this paper, the magnitude of the applied force is best approximated to an equation of the form F = S|x|
n
, n > 0. In this paper accurate and approximate equations regarding the period of the oscillation and also approximate functions regarding the object’s position with respect to time are being derived. The interesting result is the simplicity of the equation that relates the period to the exponent n and the oscillation’s amplitude at the domain 0 < n ⩽ 2. It is also shown that the force data in many well-known cases can be fitted to the aforementioned equation; typical examples are the polynomial force law, the impact of a sphere on a surface, the free oscillations of an atomic force microscopy tip at the end of a cantilever, the simple pendulum’s free oscillation, etc. Thus, the methodology and the findings presented in this paper can be applied to a variety of different situations under the restriction that the force data can be approximately described by an equation of the form F = S|x|
n
, n > 0.
2D and 3D double perovskite with dimensionality-dependent optoelectronic properties: first-principle study on Cs2AgBiBr6 and Cs4AgBiBr8
Authors: Chen Yan-Long , Yan Dan-Ni , Zeng Ming-Wei , Liao Cheng-Sheng , Cai Meng-Qiu
Published: October 2021

Recently, the effect of dimensional control on the optoelectronic performance of two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) single perovskites has been confirmed. However, how the dimensional change affects the photoelectric properties of 2D/3D all-inorganic double perovskites remains unclear. In this study, we present a detailed theoretical research on a comparison between the optoelectronic properties of 3D all-inorganic double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 and recently reported 2D all-inorganic double perovskite Cs4AgBiBr8 with Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) structure based on density functional theory calculations. The results demonstrate the charge carrier mobility and absorption coefficients in the visible spectrum of Cs4AgBiBr8 (2D) is poorer than Cs2AgBiBr6 (3D). Moreover, the value of exciton-binding energy for 2D RP all-inorganic double perovskite Cs4AgBiBr8 (720 meV) is 3 times larger than that of 3D all-inorganic double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 (240 meV). Our works indicate that Cs4AgBiBr8 (2D) is a promising material for luminescent device, while Cs2AgBiBr6 (3D) may be suitable for photovoltaic applications. This study provides a theoretical guidance for the understanding of 2D RP all-inorganic double perovskite with potential applications in photo-luminescent devices.
Plasma wakefield acceleration beyond the dephasing limit with 400 GeV proton driver
Authors: Lotov K V , Tuev P V
Published: October 2021

A new regime of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration is discovered, in which the plasma nonlinearity increases the phase velocity of the excited wave compared to that of the protons. If the beam charge is much larger than minimally necessary to excite a nonlinear wave, there is sufficient freedom in choosing the longitudinal plasma density profile to make the wave speed close to the speed of light. This allows electrons or positrons to be accelerated to about 200 GeV with a 400 GeV proton driver.
Development of a novel magnetorheological brake with zigzag magnetic flux path
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Hung , Nguyen Van Bien , Le Hiep Dai , Duyen Do Qui , Li Weihua , Hung Nguyen Xuan
Published: October 2021

In this research work, a novel disc-type configuration of magneto-rheological brake (MRB) with zigzag magnetic flux path is proposed. In this design, a rotor component consisting of several magnetic plates integrated in a disc made of non-magnetic material is implemented. A magnetic plate is separated with the others by nonmagnetic separators of the disc. Corresponding magnetic plates and separators are also implemented on the housing of the MRB. With this configuration, the magnetic flux line is forced to cross the MR fluid (MRF) duct from the disc to the housing at this separator and then from the housing to the disc at the next separator. This results in a zigzag magnetic flux path between the disc and the housing. The separators on each side of the housing are integrated on a bobbin, on which the magnetic coil is installed. When counter currents are applied to the coils on each side of the housing, a mutual magnetic field with zigzag flux lines across the MRF duct is generated. Based on the electromagnetic finite element and torque analysis, optimization problem considering the maximum achievable braking torque and the minimum mass of the MRB is performed. After that, optimal results of the MRB are obtained and compared with those of MRBs in previous works. Based on optimal results of the MRB with a maximum achievable braking torque of 20 Nm, an MRB prototype is fabricated and experimentally investigated to validate the simulation results.
Influence of electric field, temperature, humidity, elastomer material, and encapsulation on the lifetime of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) under DC actuation
Authors: Albuquerque Fabio Beco , Shea Herbert
Published: October 2021

We present the effect of electric field, temperature, humidity, type of elastomer material, and encapsulation on the lifetime of silicone-based dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) under DC electric fields. DEAs are promising soft actuators, but little has been reported on their reliability under static electric fields. We report that humidity and electric field are the dominant accelerating factors for device failure, and that a thin encapsulation layer can increase lifetime by more than an order of magnitude with negligible reduction in actuation strain. Our samples are expanding circle, single layer, prestretched films with 5 mm diameter compliant electrodes, operated at electric fields from 80 V µm−1 to 110 V µm−1, with actuation strains from 2% to 6%. We compare four different silicone elastomers, finding highest lifetime with Momentive Electro 242-1, five times higher than Elastosil 2030. Typical mean time to failure (MTTF) for Elastosil 2030 based DEAs at 100 V μm−1, 85 °C and 85% RH are 1.6 h, but this value increases to over 200 h at 20% RH. At 85 °C and 85% RH, the MTTF decreases by a factor of 62 when increasing the electric field from 80 V μm−1 (2.1% actuation strain) to 100 V μm−1 (4.6% actuation strain). Adding a thin, soft silicone encapsulation layer is an effective yet simple strategy to increase DEA lifetime, increasing the MTTF by factors from 2.2 to 75 under humid conditions. Extrapolating from our data, we predict that DC lifetimes above 1000 h can be achieved at fields below 70 V μm−1 (i.e. ≈1.5% strain) for Elastosil 2030/20 DEAs, and below 85 V μm−1 (i.e. ≈2.5% strain) for encapsulated DEAs at 85 °C—85% RH.
Dielectric and piezoelectric behavior of PVDF-modified 3-3 type cement-based piezoelectric composites
Authors: Liu Wei , Yin Jianneng , Wang Jianhong , Dong Yingge , Cheng Zhi , Bai Peikang
Published: October 2021

In this research, 3–3 type cement-based piezoelectric composites were prepared by casting Portland cement paste in porous lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, then the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) of N-methylpyrrolidone solvent with concentration of 50–200 mg ml−1 was utilized to modify the lead zirconate titanate-Potland cement (PZT-PC) composites. The effects of PVDF concentration on the density, microstructure, dielectric, piezoelectric and electromechanical properties were studied. The results indicate that the density of PZT-PC composites increased gradually with PVDF concentration for the increasing combined weight of PVDF with the composites. The introduction of PVDF has also contributed to the reduction of leakage current during the poling and testing process, which led to increased relative permittivity ϵ
r and longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficient d
33, while the dielectric loss tanδ and longitudinal piezoelectric voltage coefficient g
33 demonstrated an opposite changing trend. The thickness electromechanical coupling factor K
t of composites increased with the concentration of PVDF solution. The acoustic impedance (Z) of PVDF modified PZT-PC composites ranged from 6.89 to 7.65 MRayls, making it suitable for applications in the health monitoring of civil engineering.
On Mechanisms of Proton Perpendicular Heating in the Solar Wind: Test Results Based on Wind Observations
Authors: Zhao Guo-Qing , Feng Heng-Qiang , Wu De-Jin , Liu Qiang , Zhao Yan , Tian Zhan-Jun
Published: October 2021

The solar wind protons undergo significant perpendicular heating when they propagate in the interplanetary space. Stochastic heating and cyclotron resonance heating due to kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) are two proposed mechanisms. Which mechanism accounts for the perpendicular heating is still an open question. This paper performs tests for the two mechanisms based on Wind observations during 2004 June and 2019 May. Results show that heating rates in terms of stochastic heating theory considerably depend on the parameter of plasma β. For the solar wind with moderately high β, the theoretical heating rates are comparable to or larger than empirical heating rates, suggesting that the stochastic heating could be a powerful mechanism. For the solar wind with low β, on the contrary, the majority of data have theoretical heating rates much lower than empirical heating rates, showing that the stochastic heating seems to be weak in this case. On the other hand, it is found that, when the propagation angles of KAWs are around 70°, theoretically predicted damping wavenumbers of KAWs are equal to the observed wavenumbers at which magnetic energy spectra become significantly steep. This may imply that resonance heating due to cyclotron damping of KAWs could be another mechanism if KAWs have propagation angles around 70°.
Spatially patterned bi-electrode epiretinal stimulation for axon avoidance at cellular resolution
Authors: Vilkhu Ramandeep S , Madugula Sasidhar S , Grosberg Lauren E , Gogliettino Alex R , Hottowy Pawel , Dabrowski Wladyslaw , Sher Alexander , Litke Alan M , Mitra Subhasish , Chichilnisky E J
Published: October 2021

Objective. Epiretinal prostheses are designed to restore vision to people blinded by photoreceptor degenerative diseases by stimulating surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which carry visual signals to the brain. However, inadvertent stimulation of RGCs at their axons can result in non-focal visual percepts, limiting the quality of artificial vision. Theoretical work has suggested that axon activation can be avoided with current stimulation designed to minimize the second spatial derivative of the induced extracellular voltage along the axon. However, this approach has not been verified experimentally at the resolution of single cells. Approach. In this work, a custom multi-electrode array (512 electrodes, 10 μm diameter, 60 μm pitch) was used to stimulate and record RGCs in macaque retina ex vivo at single-cell, single-spike resolution. RGC activation thresholds resulting from bi-electrode stimulation, which consisted of bipolar currents simultaneously delivered through two electrodes straddling an axon, were compared to activation thresholds from traditional single-electrode stimulation. Main results. On average, across three retinal preparations, the bi-electrode stimulation strategy reduced somatic activation thresholds (∼21%) while increasing axonal activation thresholds (∼14%), thus favoring selective somatic activation. Furthermore, individual examples revealed rescued selective activation of somas that was not possible with any individual electrode. Significance. This work suggests that a bi-electrode epiretinal stimulation strategy can reduce inadvertent axonal activation at cellular resolution, for high-fidelity artificial vision.
The system of metrological provision of the Russian Federation in the field of measurement of gas flows in a vacuum and its future development
Authors: Chernyshenko A A
Published: October 2021

The article provides information about the state of the metrological provision in the field of gas flow measurements in a vacuum. The researchers describe the need to build and improve a system of metrological provision in the field of measuring gas flows in a vacuum. There is information about the work on the creation of a piston flow meter as a national standard for gas flow in a vacuum, taking place in the research department of the state standards in the field of pressure measurements of the D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology VNIIM.
Analysis of the system of current stabilization of the radiation power of glow-discharge lasers
Authors: Kiselev A S , Kobrusev D M , Smirnov E A
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the transfer function of the discharge gaps of glow discharge lasers. The transfer function in this case shows how a change in the discharge current leads to a change in the concentration of electrons in the positive column, which are an energy source for the excitation of laser levels. Based on the analysis, the characteristic time constants of the transfer function were calculated for the main types of glow discharge lasers.
Preparation of silver coated oxide nanomaterials and study of their properties
Authors: Kiseleva M A , Sokovnin S Yu , Balezin M E
Published: October 2021

Annotation. Nanopowders of aluminum oxide silicon oxide and iron oxide with silver coating were produces by the radiation-chemical method. The dimensions of the nanoparticles were 50 to 80 nm, and the area can be changed from 2-3%, up to 40%. Was carried out the validation of antibacterial properties against E.coli and staphylococcus. Were estimated photocatalytic properties of nanopowders, which showed applications perspective as a photocatalytic agent. Cytotoxic properties were also investigated, which showed the relevance of the use of some the obtained composites for targeted drug delivery.
Hysteresis effect during reactive sputtering
Authors: Shapovalov V I
Published: October 2021

In this work, we studied the effect of constant parameters of the sputtering system on the width of the hysteresis loop during reactive sputtering. The sticking coefficient of the reactive gas to the surface, the chamber pumping speed, the target area, etc. are taken as parameters. The comparative study was carried out by numerical solution of systems of algebraic equations describing the chemisorption and physicochemical models of metal target reactive sputtering in a single reactive gas. The calculations were performed for sputtering a tantalum target in an Ar + O2 mixture. The studied dependences were non-linear in all cases.
Electronics reliability methods for neutrinos telescopes: the KM3NeT case
Authors: Colonges S. , Real D. , Calvo D. , Musico P. , Pellegini G. , Jansweijer P. , van Beveren V. , Chiarusi T. , Bozza C. , Nicolau C. , Díaz A.
Published: October 2021

The KM3NeT collaboration is building a deep-sea neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea equipped with thousands of glass spheres, hosting the so-called digital optical modules, with an instrumented volume of several cubic kilometers. Reliability of the components used in the construction of the detectors is of extreme importance as the deployed detection units, each one composed of 18 digital optical modules, will not be accessible for any kind of maintenance and the detector should be functional for a period longer than 10 years. This work presents the different reliability methods used in KM3NeT to assess and improve the reliability of the electronics housed in the Digital Optical Modules of KM3NeT.
Seasonal adjustment of particulate matter pollution in coastal East Asia during the 2020 COVID lockdown
Authors: Wu Chi-Hua
Published: October 2021

Seasonally, the East Asian particulate matter (PM) level is higher in the winter–spring period than in summer, at which time the level rapidly decreases due to the summer monsoon migration. Attempting to attribute East Asian PM pollution to a source without considering such natural factors is challenging. However, to what degree the effect of season on an attribution bias remains controversial; the bias may even be implicated in PM-related health effects. This study examined seasonal dynamics including the unusual precipitation evolution during 2020—a year in which coronavirus-related lockdowns occurred frequently worldwide—and suggested a large-scale effect from the removal of PM pollutants from most of the coastal cities in East Asia. In winter–spring 2020, compared with that of previous years, a deeper and farther southward intrusion of the East Asian coastal trough and a stronger surface monsoon flow acted jointly to transport air pollutants over the Korea–Japan region. In summer 2020, the strength and migration of the western North Pacific (WNP) high increased precipitation and removed air pollutants in mid-latitude East Asia, whereas it reduced precipitation in the subtropical WNP. Consequently, the reduced PM level in the subtropical region (including Taiwan) may be irrelevant to the anomalous seasonal pattern. Although an artificial effect is conceivable and may be primarily responsible for the marked decrease in 2020 East Asian PM pollutants in some subtropical cities, the modulation of a large-scale and precipitating effect also deserves consideration.
Influence of high road labor policies and practices on renewable energy costs, decarbonization pathways, and labor outcomes
Authors: Mayfield Erin , Jenkins Jesse
Published: October 2021

Achieving an economy-wide net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goal by mid-century in the United States entails transforming the energy workforce. In this study, we focus on the influence of increased labor compensation and domestic manufacturing shares on (a) renewable energy technology costs, (b) the costs of transitioning the U.S. economy to net-zero emissions, and (c) labor outcomes, including total employment and wage benefits, associated with the deployment of utility-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) and land based and offshore wind power. We find that manufacturing and installation labor cost premiums as well as increases in domestic content shares across wind and utility-scale solar PV supply chains result in relatively modest increases in total capital and operating costs. These small increases in technology costs may be partially or fully offset by increases in labor productivity. We also show that solar and wind technology cost premiums associated with high road labor policies have a minimal effect on the pace and scale of renewable energy deployment and the total cost of transitioning to a net-zero emissions economy. Public policies such as tax credits, workforce development support, and other instruments can redistribute technology cost premiums associated with high road labor policies to support both firms and workers.
Sparse random block matrices
Authors: Cicuta Giovanni M , Pernici Mario
Published: October 2021

The spectral moments of ensembles of sparse random block matrices are analytically evaluated in the limit of large order. The structure of the sparse matrix corresponds to the Erdös–Renyi random graph. The blocks are i.i.d. random matrices of the classical ensembles GOE or GUE. The moments are evaluated for finite or infinite dimension of the blocks. The correspondences between sets of closed walks on trees and classes of irreducible partitions studied in free probability together with functional relations are powerful tools for analytic evaluation of the limiting moments. They are helpful to identify probability laws for the blocks and limits of the parameters which allow the evaluation of all the spectral moments and of the spectral density.
Entanglement in bipartite quantum systems: Euclidean volume ratios and detectability by Bell inequalities
Authors: Sauer A , Bernád J Z , Moreno H J , Alber G
Published: October 2021

Euclidean volume ratios between quantum states with positive partial transpose and all quantum states in bipartite systems are investigated. These ratios allow a quantitative exploration of the typicality of entanglement and of its detectability by Bell inequalities. For this purpose a new numerical approach is developed. It is based on the Peres–Horodecki criterion, on a characterization of the convex set of quantum states by inequalities resulting from Newton identities and from Descartes’ rule of signs, and on a numerical approach involving the multiphase Monte Carlo method and the hit-and-run algorithm. This approach confirms not only recent analytical and numerical results on two-qubit, qubit-qutrit, and qubit-four-level qudit states but also allows for a numerically reliable numerical treatment of so far unexplored qutrit–qutrit states. Based on this numerical approach with the help of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality and the Collins–Gisin inequality the degree of detectability of entanglement is investigated for two-qubit quantum states. It is investigated quantitatively to which extent a combined test of both Bell inequalities can increase the detectability of entanglement beyond what is achievable by each of these inequalities separately.
The properties of rhizobacteria from tomato rhizosphere as biocontrol and biofertilizer
Authors: Kalay A M , Kesaulya H , Talahaturuson A , Osok R
Published: October 2021

Low soil fertility and the presence of pathogen are the limiting factors in horticultural crops cultivation in Ambon City. This study aimed to isolate plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from tomato rhizosphere as a potential biocontrol, biostimulant and biofertilizer. The research consisted of two stages, namely (1) isolation of bacteria from tomato rhizosphere and purification of the isolates, and (2) characterization of colony morphology, gram reaction, hypersensitivity test and antagonist test to soil pathogens, phosphate dissolution, and phytohormones indole acetic acid (IAA) production. Forty-two isolates were found from tomato rhizosfer, 36 isolates suppressed growth of Rhizoctonia solani while 6 isolates increased the growth of those pathogen. The growth of Phytophthora sp. pathogen was decreased by 35 bacterial isolates and increased by 7 bacterial isolates. All isolates produce IAA but only 13 isolates are enabled to dissolve inorganic phosphate. Based on bacterial properties, the isolates of TT-22, TT-21, TT-12, TT-11, WT-11 and WT-332 are the promising isolates for developing the biological agent as pathogen control and biofertilizer.
Essential oil components of forest clove variants from Ambon Island, Maluku
Authors: Mahulette A S , Riry J , Kesaulya H , Kembauw E , Lawalata I J , Wattimena A Y , Makaruku M H , Alfian A
Published: October 2021

Forest clove is native to Maluku from the non-aromatic class. Forest cloves have several variants, including the accession group with a small morphological size in the population. So far, the complete information on essential components contained in this accession group is not studied. The research aims to determine the forest clove accession group's total essential oils with small morphological sizes originating from its distribution area on Ambon Island, Maluku. The analyses were performed on flowers, flower stalks, and leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis results identified 11 components in the flower section, 14 components on the flower stalk, and 13 components on the leaf. The main components analysis of the heat map profile revealed that the small morphological-sized forest clove accession groups' main components were germacrene-D, α-cubebene, eugenol, δ-cadinene, α-copaene, methyl eugenol.
Food consumption patterns among university students in Indonesia during the transition period in new Normal Era of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yunianto A E , Kristiandi K , Darawati M , Doloksaribu T H , Anggraeni I , Pasambuna M
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 outbreak that occurred in Indonesia affected all aspects of community life, including students, especially in food consumption patterns. Our study aims to investigate the differences in eating habits of health and non-health students during the transition period to the new normal era. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 5,924 students. The questionnaire was in the form of an e-survey with a google form. The students' diet was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the differences in dietary patterns between health and non-health majors. There was a significant difference in student consumption patterns including daily eating habits (p = 0.002), consumption of animal side dishes (p = 0.000), vegetable consumption (p = 0.000), water consumption (p = 0.000), changes in eating frequency (p = 0.013) and changes in the amount of food consumed (p = 0.008). There were differences in consumption patterns between students majoring in health and non-health during the transition period. A good diet is needed in increasing immunity in students during the transition period.
Species of pandan (Pandanus sp) in Gorom Island, East Seram Regency
Authors: Sahupala A , Siahaya T E , Seipala B B , Siahaya L. , Pelupessy L. , Komul Y.D.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the Species of Pandanus (Pandanus sp) in Gorom Island, East Seram Regency. The object used in this study was the external body structure of pandanus plants (pandanus sp) such as fruit, flowers, leaves, stems and roots. This research was conducted directly by direct survey in the field and observing the species of pandanus (Pandanus sp), this research includes observations on fruit, flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. Based on the results of the study found 6 species of pandan (Pandanus sp) that is : Pandan Duri, Pandan Mengkuwang, Pandan Kowang, Pandan Sepajam, Pandan Wangi dan Pandan Laut. Of these 6 species we can distinguish from the shape of the leaves, stem shapes, fruit shapes, and root shapes.
The effect of light and gibberellic acid concentrations on breaking dormancy of potato micro tuber
Authors: Karjadi A K , Waluyo N
Published: October 2021

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of Indonesia’s priority crops considering its nutritive benefit as a carbohydrates source in food diversification. Potato tubers are classified as stem tubers, so the tubers such as micro tuber can appear in the stem of in vitro cuttings. The research aimed to determine the effect of GA3 concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 ppm) and storage conditions, e.g., Dark (T1) and light (T2), on breaking dormancy of potato micro tubers. This experiment was conducted in the Tissue culture Laboratory of IVEGRI from April until September 2018. The experiment used a randomized block design with 3 replications; each treatment consisted of 40 micro tubers of Granola (var.) with size ranged >3 - <4 g per each. The result showed that storage conditions gave significant differences to the percentage of breaking dormancy for 4-6 weeks, and GA3 concentration did not affect the average number of shoot, average shoot length in concentration 5 until 20 ppm. The average shoot number, shoot lengths were 0.63 – 2.20 per tubers, 7.50 – 20.13 mm, respectively. There was no interaction between treatment. Visual observation concluded that storage in light conditions produced shoots with better quality than ones in dark conditions.
Embryo-gynogenic induction of Indonesia shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) cultivars using three different protocol unpollinated flower cultures
Authors: Lestari E S , Sulastriningsih  , Prayantini D C , Purwantoro A , Sulistyaningsih E
Published: October 2021

Embryo-gynogenic induction was an important step in haploid induction. The research was determined the best method of unpollinated flower culture of Indonesia shallot varieties. Three methods were used including method 1 with two-step cultures using BDS as basic medium supplemented with polyamines 2 mM putrescine on the first step and spermidine 0,1 mM at the second step, method 2 using BDS as basic medium supplemented with 2,4-D 2 mgL−1and BA 2 mgL−1on the first step and NAA 1 mgL−1and 2iP 2 mgL−1on the second step and method 3 using B5 medium supplemented with 2,4-D 2 mgL−1and BA 2 mgL−1. Six shallot cultivars used as flower donor were Katumi, Bima Brebes, Tajuk, Trisula, Superphilip, and Bauji. Flower umbel was collected and pretreated using Yoshida liquid medium then placed on incubator at four °C for overnight. The results showed that all flowers cultured could anthesis properly in the first week of cultured. The embryos could emerge from ovaries from week 7th of cultured in all methods. However, the highest percentage of embryos gynogenic developed to seedlings was achieved using method 3 in Superphilip (6.98%) followed by method 2 in Tajuk (4.44%).
Effects of physical and chemical treatments on seed germination and soybean seed-borne fungi
Authors: Ramdan E P , Perkasa A Y , Azmi T K K , Aisyah  , Kurniasih R , Kanny P I , Risnawati  , Asnur P
Published: October 2021

Soybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia after rice and maize. Plant pathogens still constrain the increase in soybean productivity. One of the plant pathogenic infections can occur during the seed phase. Therefore this study aimed to determine the effect of physical and chemical treatments as control of seed-borne fungi and their impact on soybean seed germination. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatments, namely physical therapy by heating the seeds in a microwave at a temperature of 40 °C for 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds and chemical treatment by soaking the seeds in a fungicide with active ingredient difenoconazole with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Seeds without heating and as control are soaking fungicides. Each treatment was repeated three times. The seeds that have been given treatments are then planted using the growing test technique and incubated for seven days. Furthermore, the seed viability and the growth of pathogenic fungi were observed at the end of incubation. The results showed that soybean seed germination was not affected by physical and chemical treatments. The seed viability of 100% with or without treatment. This was confirmed by the findings of seed-borne fungi (Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus) with a low infection rate of 0.01-0.19%. Chemical treatment with concentrations of 0.5%, 2%, and 3% had a significant effect on the Fusarium infection level, which was higher than the control, which was 0.18%, 0.17%, and 0.19%. Meanwhile, forCurvulariaandAspergillus, physical and chemical treatments did not have a significant effect.
Resistance varieties and pattern of disease progress of rust (Pucciana horiana p. henn) in Chrysanthemum
Authors: Bety Y A , Pangestuti R
Published: October 2021

Rust is a major disease in chrysanthemum, which causes degradation of flower quality and results in up to 100% yield loss. Out of all the available strategies, breeding for host-plant resistance and knowledge of the pattern of disease progression in each variety is an effective strategy to control rust disease. The disease progress figured out the level of disease severity from time to time. It would be as guidance to control the disease, especially pesticide application. Six national superior and one introduced varieties were tested for their rust resistance. The varieties were studied to know the pattern of disease progression in each variety from vegetative to generative phase. The study was conducted from August 2014 to January 2015 in the plastic house of chrysanthemum plantation at Garung sub-District, Wonosobo regency, one of the centers chrysanthemum production in Central Java. The disease intensity was measured at 30, 60, and 90 days after planting. The results relayed that based on the rate of disease progress and the average of disease intensity, it could be identified that the superior national varieties of chrysanthemum, Kusumaswasti, Marimar, and Yulimar were more resistant to rust than the four other varieties tested. The rate of disease progress and the level of disease intensity of rust by the plant age determined the resistance of the chrysanthemum varieties to rust. Moreover, the result showed that each variety had a different rate and pattern of disease progression and could be used to control rust effectively.
Improving seed germination and seedling growth of true seed shallot (TSS) using plant growth regulator seed priming
Authors: Pangestuti R , Sulistyaningsih E , Kurniasih B , Murti R H
Published: October 2021

Seeding is the most important and quite challenging stage in seed/TSS cultivation. Plant growth regulator (PGR) seed priming has the potential to enhance the quality of TSS seedlings. The research had been conducted in the greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, UGM, from February to April 2020. The factorial treatments of shallot cultivars (Tuk-Tuk, Lokananta and Sanren) and seed treatments (soaking seed with GA3 100 ppm and NAA 50 ppm for 12 hours and untreated seeds as control) were assigned in the RCBD with four replications. Each experimental unit was consisted of 728 seeds per cultivar. Both treated and untreated seeds were sown in soil blocks. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Tukey HSD procedure at α=0.05. The results showed that PGR priming on seeds significantly increased the germination percentage, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and hypothetical vigor index of the three cultivars at six weeks after sowing. However, there was no significant difference in the fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings. This research implied that soaking seeds in GA3 100 ppm and NAA 50 ppm for 12 hours could improve seed germination and TSS seedling growth. Additional fertilizers are perhaps needed in soil blocks to increase the effect of hormones on the seedlings.
Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria of maize
Authors: Kesaulya H , Talahaturuson A , Kalay A M , Matatula E , Lawalatta I J , Hehanussa M L , Nendissa S J
Published: October 2021

Isolation and characterization of rhizobacteria are an effort to determine the ability of root colony bacteria to produce various compounds that can be used for various purposes of bio-fertilizer formulations and microbial-based industrial interests. This study aims to characterize biochemically, morphologically and physiologically as well as the ability of root bacteria in maize to produce hormones that can stimulate plant growth. There is a wide variety of isolates morphologically and biochemically, besides that there is the ability of bacterial isolates to physiologically dissolve phosphate, fix nitrogen, produce ACC-deaminase, IAA and GA enzymes.
Potential of Bacillus spp as a biocontrol agent against Ralstonia bacterial wilt in bananas
Authors: Hasinu J V , Tuhumury G N C , Kesaulya Henry
Published: October 2021

Bacterial wilt disease in banana plants caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease that can reduce banana production. Until now there is no effective method to control this disease. The use of biocontrol agents such as Bacillus spp is an alternative method of controlling R. solanacearum in bananas. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of Bacillus spp against banana wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum. In vitro testing was carried out in the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University. The study used Bacillus subtilis strain SW116b and Bacillus subtilis strain HPC2-1 isolates. The results showed that the SW116b stain Bacillus subtilis has the highest activity against R. solanocearum, which is 10.5mm, so it has the potential as a biological control agent in suppressing the development of ralstonia wilt disease in bananas.
Accelerated adoption of sugar palm farming technology to supports sustainable resource utilization in North Sulawesi
Authors: Rawung J B M , Kindangen J G , Indrasti R , Gaffar A
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics and opportunities of accelerating the adoption of palm sugar farming technology in sustainable resource use in North Sulawesi Province on July to November 2016. The data used are secondary data and primary data derived from respondents as many as 120 palm-based farming households in the central district of palm plantations in Tareran, Tomohon, and Motoling, Analysis used cross tabulation for farmer characteristics and binary logistic regression approach for accelerated adoption opportunities. The results showed that the farmers cultivated sugar palm plants with an intercropping farming system with a variety of plantation and forestry food crops. Good knowledge of palm plant cultivation system (64.84%) in cultivating sugar palm with a good understanding of the sustainability of palm plant-based farming. Opportunities for accelerating the appreciation and adoption of farmers to sugar palm-based farming technology can be realized in the form of participatory technology assistance on all technology components, both basic and optional technology, by expanding the business scale, increasing various processed products, bringing the location of farming closer to residential and information sources technology. To increase the production of aren and their derivative products and to maintain the continuity and preservation of the environment, it is necessary to cultivate and expand the palm area in harmony with regional spatial planning for conservation and sustainable management.
Characterization of pectin from tongka langit banana peels with various extraction temperature
Authors: Picauly P , Tetelepta G
Published: October 2021

Banana peel waste can be used in the food industry as a source of pectin. Pectin can be obtained from the extraction process tongka langit banana peel. This research's objective was to characterize pectin's properties extracted from banana tongka langit peel with different extraction temperatures. A completely randomized experimental design with 3 level treatment extraction temperature of banana tongka langit peel, i.e., 80°, 85°, and 90°C, with three replicates was applied in this research. The properties evaluated, including equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonate acid, esterification degree, yield, moisture content, and ash content. Result showed that equivalent weight (3104,3 mg, 1084,0 mg, and 699,8 mg), methoxyl content (3,25%, 3,87%, and 5,44%), galacturonate acid (24,56%, 38,06%, and 56,08%), esterification degree (76,02%, 57,45%, and 55,05%), moisture content (11,39%, 10,79%, and 9,85%), ash (4,42%, 5,11%, and 6,47%)), and yield (8,37%, 8,80%, and 9,20%).
The impact of el niño southern oscillation and covid-19 on the rice price dynamics in Indonesia: the vector error correction model approach
Authors: Hasudungan P , Irham I , Utami A W
Published: October 2021

Half of the world's population makes rice a crop of focus because it has many opportunities in the future. However, there are disruptors for rice development in 2020, which are climate variability and COVID-19 Pandemics. El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate variability that can threaten the rice price dynamics. Besides that, COVID-19 also has implications for rice price dynamics. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to empirically study the impact of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation on rice price dynamics and (2) to analyze the effect of COVID-19 pandemics on rice price in Indonesia. The study utilized the vector error correction model (VECM) estimation method and the variables used were sea surface temperature (SST), COVID-19 daily cases, rice price, rice production, and rice price regulation. The result is that El Nino has a positive effect on rice prices, which can increase the price level. The opposite is true also for a La Nina shock. COVID-19 also has a positive impact on the daily cost of rice. The results of this study ought to be of interest to rice producers in Indonesia, as well as processors and intermediaries in the rice markets.
Carrying capacity and environmental capacity of water resources analysis in Maluku Province of Indonesia
Authors: Kunu P J , Talakua S , Pesulima Y , Uyara L , Laimeheriwa S , Osok R M
Published: October 2021

Carrying capacity and environmental capacity of water resources is the ability of the water to support human life, other living creatures, and the balance between the two as well as the ability of the environment to absorb substances, energy and other components that enter or are incorporated into it. The purpose of this research is to analyze the level of carrying capacity and environmental capacity of water resources in several regencies in Maluku Province, Indonesia. The results showed that some water resources were already in a low environmenttal capacity due to limited availability, especially deep groundwater in Wamar Island, Aru Archipelago Regency and the environmental capacity of water resources had exceeded the quality standards set in Indonesia, especially fresh water in Southeast Maluku Regency and Ambon City. Meanwhile, the environmental capacity of fresh water that has exceeded the quality standard is due to the presence of e-colly bacteria. This condition shows the importance of water conservation through regulating human behavior that is not environmentally friendly, building rainwater control and runoff control infrastructure as well as law enforcement efforts related to watershed maintenance and the behavior of communities around water resources.
Effect of dietary palm kernel meal on laying hens
Authors: Prasetya R D D , Rahmadani M , Nahrowi  , Jayanegara A
Published: October 2021

Indonesia has the potential for palm kernel meal, which has the largest production in the world. Palm kernel meal has been commonly used as an ingredient in ruminant and poultry feeds. However, the various studies conducted have produced very varied results. This article aimed to analyze various research data on the use of palm kernel meal in the chicken feed. The data used were 38 data points from 10 journal articles. The use of palm kernel meal ranged from 0% to 70% in rations. The statistical model used is linear regression. The database was analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results showed that the use of palm kernel meal in laying hens reduced (P<0.01) egg production. Palm kernel meal also increased FCR (P<0.05) and tended to decrease Haugh Unit (P<0.1). Other parameters such as consumption, egg weight, mortality, egg shell thickness, and yolk color were not influenced by dietary inclusion of palm kernel meal. In conclusion, palm kernel meal cannot be given to poultry directly, it is necessary to process the ingredient to enhance its nutritive value.
Adaptation test of five introduced cherry tomato lines in Lembang highland
Authors: Gaswanto Redy
Published: October 2021

Tomato has some types according to fruit size and shape, one of them is cherry tomato. The purpose of this research was to select and evaluate five introduced cherry tomato lines in Lembang highland that have good potential to be developed as a new variety refer to result of the adaptation and consumer preferences test. The research material consisted of introduced lines IJR 151, IJR 154, IJR 1150, IJR 1158, IJR 2170 and one local variety as a check genotype. The adaptation and preference consumer test conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m sal) from March until August 2017. The research used a Ramdomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Research result showed that all cherry tomato lines could adapt well in Lembang. IJR 151 and IJR 154 lines could be developed as a new variety refer to consumer’s preference test on fruit shape and taste parameter, eventhought IJR 1158 and IJR 2170 lines had higher fruit weight. Furhermore IJR 154, IJR 1150, IJR 1158 lines could be reccomended to provide and overcome sufficiency vitamine A and C due to their high beta carotene content (> 100 microgram mg−1).
Meat price volatility as implications for food security in Indonesia
Authors: Destiarni R P , Jamil A S , Septya F
Published: October 2021

Indonesian meat consumption has 40 percent deficit which was covered by importing. Meat price in international market tend to fluctuate. The gap between domestic demand and supply meat also the imported price fluctuation causes instability of domestic price. This research is conducted to analyze the volatility of meat price which implicated to food security in Indonesia. ARCH-GARCH model is used to estimate meat price volatility in Indonesia. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and cointegration test have been used for testing the presence of unit root and cointegration in the series. Langrange multiplier has been utilized to detect the presence of autoregressive conditional effect. Daily meat prices used are national average price which obtained from the Indonesia Ministry of Trade. This study reveals that meat price in Indonesia has high volatility with increasing price over the research period. The empirical model also shows asymetry effect. The results recommend that Indonesia should apply comprehensive managed import such as not only import on fresh meat and ready to cut bovine but also on breeding bovine. By the fulfilling production and stock, meat price can be more stable. By the price stabilization, food security concept will be reached so that every layer society can consume meat.