bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mound Building at Parchman Place
Authors: Nelson Erin S.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 4 describes excavations, coring, and salvage work in mound contexts at Parchman Place and presents a detailed analysis of mound stratigraphy in Mounds A and E. The results of stratigraphic analyses reveal a complicated social history of mound building at the site that played out over the course of the 14th and 15th centuries and alternately emphasized social hierarchy on the one hand and heterarchical values related to balance and autonomy on the other. A number of typical and atypical mound building practices were identified, including founding events, mantle construction, building and dismantling of summit structures, veneering, truncation, and incorporation. Veneering is interpreted as a challenge to the hierarchical tendencies typically associated with mound building and Mississippian leadership in that it bundled the meaningful substances of white clay, shell, and ash. These substances, when used together, invoke ideas about wholeness and balance between different realms of the cosmos. Mound building and depositional practice were thus salient ways of negotiating community values related to status, leadership, kin group autonomy, and the Mississippian cosmos.
Spatial Practice at Parchman Place
Authors: Nelson Erin S.
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on spatial practice and social organization at Parchman Place. Geophysical surveys, magnetic gradiometry in particular, revealed burned Mississippian structures on mound summits and residential areas, subsequently confirmed through excavation. Spatial analysis of geophysical features in residential areas indicates that most neighborhoods were organized in courtyard groups around a central plaza. These neighborhoods are interpreted as analogous to the house groups of the Muskogean-speaking descendants of Mississippian people, particularly the Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Creeks. The Mississippian community at Parchman Place is likewise considered analogous to post-Mississippi period towns. Deposition of large quantities of ash and food remains near one of the neighborhoods is interpreted as analogous to the community and world renewal ceremonies of those same Mississippian descendants. Sometime during the early 15th century, one house group removed to a location away from the plaza and built their houses in two rows on either side of a path or corridor oriented toward the site’s largest platform mound. Spatial and depositional practice at Parchman Place thus encoded particular ideas about community solidarity and renewal, and social differentiation.
PROFILE OF USERS OF AMBULATORY AND HOSPITAL SERVICES
Authors: Oliva FlávioAlberto , Ribeiro Maria  Lúcia , Silva Marina Armelin , Camparoto Marjori Leiva , Martins Telma Reginato
Published: September 2020

The goal of this study was to understand the gender and age profile of the users of ambulatory services at public hospital. Gender and age are fundamental elements for the construction of public policies at local and regional level. We performed a 3-year retrospective data collection, regarding age and gender of the population of the outpatient clinic of the public hospital between 2013 and 2015. It is a research with quantitative approach performed through three databases from january 2013 to December 2015 totaling 460.505 consultations. The database of the public hospital was adopted as the primary source, it was also consulted the database of the last two censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the database of the Regional Health Division. The cross-checking of data, through Microsoft Excel and the Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) software, allowed the construction of a graph structured by gender and age according to the standards defined by IBGE on 2010, as well as the comparison between age and gender profile of the total population attended by public hospital and its consultations. The female audience represents 60.5% of the attendances, while the male population accounts for 39.5%. Only in the age groups between 0 and 14 and 85 to 89 years the male audience is larger. The difference in care is accentuated in the middle of the pyramid, in the ranges between 30 and 69 years, during which time women are responsible for 65.5% of the attendances against 34.5% of men. Such gender proportional differences are maintained on the total population, the only significant variation is on the age group from 80 and older where although there is a female majority of users, there is also a larger female majority on the population. Studies show that women make more references to health problems than men, as these represent, according to the male imagination, virility and strength, not representing vulnerability to the disease. Men do not recognize themselves as targets of health care and they are less likely to seek health services for cultural reasons, mainly, opening space for discussion about social inequalities in health between men and women.
CNN Hyperparameter Optimization for Pulmonary Nodule Classification
Authors: Jatobá Anthony , Lima Lucas , Amorim Lucas , Oliveira Marcelo
Published: September 2020

Redes Neurais Convolucionais (RNCs) são uma técnica poderosa para sistemas de diagnóstico auxiliado por computador, mas a configuração manual de redes complexas é inviável. A otimização automática de hiper-parâmetros é uma abordagem promissora, mas não há consenso sobre a técnica mais adequada. Neste trabalho, comparamos busca direta, probabilística e otimização bayesiana na otimização de RNCs 2D e 3D para classificação de nódulos pulmonares. Foram obtidas AUC de 0,88, sensibilidade de 87,03% e especificidade de 78,66%. Nossos experimentos demonstram o fraco desempenho da busca em grade, enquanto mostram que técnicas simples, como a busca aleatória, pode ter desempenho comparável a abordagens probabilísticas
Using Support Vector Machine and Features Selection on Classification of Early Lung Nodules
Authors: Lima Lucas , Vieira Thales , Costa Evandro , Azevedo-Marques Paulo , Oliveira Marcelo
Published: September 2020

O cancer de pulmão é o câncer que mais mata no mundo. No entanto, se o diagnóstico for feito no início da doença, as taxas de sobrevida em 1 ano são de aproximadamente 81-85%. Ferramentas de Auxílio ao Diagnóstico por Computador tem um grande potencial para auxiliar os especialistas na determinação da malignidade de um nódulo pulmonar. Neste trabalho, foram utilizados 4 grupos de atributos: Textura 3D, Nitidez da margem 3D, Forma 3D e Intensidade 3D; dois algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina: Support Vector Machine (SVM) e Multilayer Perceptron; e duas técnicas para selecionar os recursos mais relevantes: Relief e Algoritmo Genético Evolucionário (AGE). A classificação com SVM, Relief e AGE alcançou a melhor AUC de 0,856.
Nodal Analysis for Coronary Artery Ischemia Diagnosis
Authors: Freitas Samuel , Ramos Gabriel , Schmith Jean , Costa Cristiano
Published: September 2020

A cardiac ischemia is a restriction of the blood flow in the heart muscle caused by narrowed heart arteries. The most common narrowing process is called atherosclerosis. The strategies to evaluate its significance are the Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) and the Quantitative Flow Ratio (QFR) which evaluate the local impact of the atherosclerosis. This work presents a novel approach for ischemia diagnosis based on linear nodal analysis, which enables the evaluation of the whole coronary system. Even with limited variables, this method is able to indicate and quantify the impacts of a stenosis in other coronary segments than the constricted artery itself. Empirical results have shown that a left coronary artery (LCA) stenosis increases the blood flow in the left circumflex artery (LCX) together with a normal flow decrease in the left main stem (LMS), which provides secondary narrowing impact evidences. These results can complement the current techniques and increase the diagnosis assertiveness.
Detecção de Mudanças de Densidade de Lesões Pulmonares Através do Método de Análise de Correspondência Múltipla
Authors: Moraes Isabel , Barros Neto Stelmo
Published: September 2020

O Câncer de Pulmão é um dos tipos de câncer com maior ocorrência e morbidade devido ao seu pobre prognostico, causado, em grande parte, pela dificuldade de realizar o diagnóstico de forma visual pelo médico especialista. Além disso, o grande número de pacientes e a quantidade ainda maior de imagens geradas por cada um, retardam a identificação de mudanças temporais nas lesões indeterminadas ou mesmo na resposta ao tratamento para lesões malignas. Visando reduzir a fadiga e facilitar a identificação dessas mudanças sutis, apresenta-se um método de avaliação temporal de lesões pulmonares a partir da Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM). Como resultado, tem-se um método que realça as mudanças de densidade para lesões pulmonares.
Sala de Situação aberta com dados administrativos para gestão de Protocolos Clínicos e Diretrizes Terapêuticas de tecnologias providas pelo SUS
Authors: Ferré Felipe , De Oliveira Gustavo , De Queiroz Mariana , Gonçalves Flávio
Published: September 2020

Gestores e especialistas devem lidar com 4 bilhões de registros ambulatoriais para Monitoramento e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS) do SUS, muitas vezes sem o aparato e conhecimento técnico em Big Data, o que demanda ferramentas de gestão do conhecimento transparente para tomada de decisão e reprodutibilidade estatística e preditiva. Objetivou-se implementar plataforma livre para gestão do conhecimento, análise e visualização de dados do SUS. Foi automatizada a extração e visualização interativa, documentada em formato wiki, de 60 protocolos clínicos em 254.433.772 registros de dispensação para 6.505.722 de usuários, entre 2008 e 06/2019, disponível em https://labxss.shinyapps.io/sabeis_pcdt3/.
Aplicativo Pallium: Interpretando dados para o auxílio na tomada de decisões paliativas
Authors: Santos Robson , Concilio Ilana
Published: September 2020

Pallium é um projeto que nasceu de um desafio com a temática de inovação social atrelada ao seu desenvolvimento. O produto em questão consiste em um aplicativo móvel para iOS que analisa e interpreta dados com o intuito de auxiliar a tomada de decisão de uma equipe de cuidados paliativos, fornecendo dados básicos, porém necessários, para o funcionamento mais eficiente em qualquer hospital informatizado. Os pilares da concepção do aplicativo são a melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, melhora do fluxo de trabalho das equipes de cuidados paliativos e uma melhor gestão de recursos das instituições hospitalares.
Memo-VR: Exercício Cognitivo para Idosos Utilizando Realidade Virtual e Interface com as Mãos
Authors: Farias Flavio , Montevecchi Eyre , Bokehi José , Santana Rosimere , Muchaluat-Saade Débora
Published: September 2020

Jogos eletrônicos têm sido aplicados como ferramentas de suporte a tratamentos para demência, ansiedade e depressão, assim como também podem ser utilizados para estimular o cérebro, na forma de exercícios cognitivos. Esses exercícios podem ser potencializados pelo sentimento de pertencimento e aumento do nível de imersão oferecido pela Realidade Virtual (VR). Desta forma, este artigo propõe um novo exercício cognitivo, chamado Memo-VR, que usa VR combinada a técnicas de interação como o escaneamento e virtualização das mãos do usuário, em uma versão do clássico jogo da memória. O jogo foi testado com um grupo de idosos, e embora preliminares, os resultados indicam uma boa usabilidade.
Unsupervised machine learning and pandemics spread: the case of COVID-19
Authors: Silva Roberto , Xavier Fernando , Saraiva Antonio , Cugnasca Carlos
Published: September 2020

Epidemics have severe impacts on people's health. The COVID-19 has infected more than 3 million people in 3 months. In this work, we explore the use of unsupervised machine learning to evaluate and monitor the disease spread worldwide in three points in time: January, February, and March of 2020. Besides the features related to the disease spread, we consider HDI, population density, and age structure. We define the number of clusters using the elbow and agglomerative clustering methods, then implement and evaluate the k-means algorithm with 3, 4, and 5 clusters. We conclude that four clusters better represent the data, analyze the clusters over time, and discuss the impacts on each depending on the measures adopted.
Deformation Features and Structures in Some Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks: A Case Study of Central African Fold Belt in Cameroon
Authors: Ntieche Benjamin , Wokwenmendam Nguet Pauline , Nchouwet Zakari , Aziz Mounjouohou Mahomed , Mfepat Daouda
Published: September 2020

The first phase is marked by the S1 foliation. The second phase is marked by fold (F2), lineation (L2), and boudins (B2). The third phase is marked by subvertical foliation (S3), shear (C3), and lineation (L3). The fourth phase is essentially a brittle phase. Granites present mostly magmatic deformation features; meanwhile, granite mylonites and gneisses present submagmatic to nonmagmatic deformation features. Mylonitization occurred during a ductile-brittle transition phase. Coarse-grained granites emplaced in the lower crustal level, while protomylonites and mylonites occurred in the middle crust and ultramylonites in the upper crustal level. Fine-grained granite was filtered and channeled through the middle crust shear zone areas to be settled on an upper crustal level as irregular spot within the ultramylonites and gneisses. Granites and granites mylonites were syntectonically emplaced during the D3 sinistral shearing phase.
An Approach to the Airway Management in Children with Craniofacial Anomalies
Authors: Boudjenah Brahim , Moataz Billah Adham Al , M. Chinnappa Surendra , Assaf Omed , Al-Khelaifi Mashael
Published: September 2020

Managing the airways during anesthesia in pediatric patients with craniofacial abnormalities is a challenging and stressful situation for even experienced anesthesiologists. The prerequisites for a good management are a thorough understanding of the normal anatomy of the upper airway, its normal changes with growth, and the key features of congenital craniofacial abnormalities and their impact on the airways resulting in management difficulties. This chapter aims to provide an overview of various craniofacial anomalies and their airway management specificities. These include cleft lip and palate with or without Pierre Robin syndrome, craniofacial dysostosis (including Crouzon, Pfeiffer, and Apert syndromes), mandibulofacial dysostosis/Treacher Collins syndrome, hemifacial microsomia, Down’s syndrome, and other anomalies.
“Manchukuo Perspectives,” or “Collaboration” as a Transcendence of Literary, National, and Chronological Boundaries
Authors: Culver Annika A.
Published: September 2020

Literature in Manchukuo served to both further and contest national aims, while writers of varied ethnicities engaged in multivalent strategies to continue cultural production amidst difficult political circumstances, such as censorship demands, the Japanese occupying regime's propaganda goals, and even the market. As a linguistic and cultural borderland, transnationalism became an everyday practice contributing to discursive layers of literary production in a colonial contact zone. Though fictional, short stories or novels worked to expose a visceral sense of place to readers, and capture the atmosphere of a fascist state under Japanese domination.
Linguistic Hybridity, Transnational Connectivity, and the Cultural Territorialization of Colonial Literature
Authors: Qiong Xie Miya
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines conceptualization and use of a hybrid Chinese language by a leading Manchukuo Chinese writer, Gu Ding (1914/1916–1964). This hybrid language references a type of vernacular Chinese, mixing elements of Japanese vocabulary and syntax, classical and local Chinese, and other linguistic elements from the Manchurian frontier into standard vernacular Chinese, resulting in a collage of different literary styles. By investigating Gu’s theory and practice of this experimental language, the chapter demonstrates how a transnational literary form shaped within the colonial frontier lent voice to a colonial writer’s political agenda for cultural survival, and the limits of this linguistic strategy under political domination. It therefore provides a new way to understand Chinese intellectuals’ collaboration with and resistance to the Japanese in the Manchukuo context.
From Radical Nationalism to Anti-modernism
Authors: Chao Liu
Published: September 2020

After Manchukuo’s establishment, survival of Chinese “new literature” experienced hardship under colonial cultural dominance. Debates over overarching themes, styles, and orientations for Manchukuo literature, along with treatment of Japanese culture's paradoxical influence, generated two opposing intellectual factions: the Record of Art and Literature and the Selection of Writings groups, which appealed to literary modernity and national cultural identity. The Record of Art and Literature group endeavored to reconcile modernization pursuits with entrenched national consciousness, thus laying emphasis on literary production's independence and diversity while linking Chinese literature's modernization with emulation of its Japanese counterpart. In contrast, the Selection of Writings’ major goals were “describing social realities,” “inheriting literary traditions,” and “writing by the common people”. Inheriting the May Fourth Movement’s nationalist discourse, they further radicalized it through native-land literature to highlight literature's socio-political function, with national salvation as ultimate goal. Thereby, they rejected colonial modern infrastructure and culture. However, their underlying aesthetic notions, topics, and stylistic features somewhat resembled those of colonial propaganda organs, eventually turning them towards anti-modern complicity with colonial ideology.
“Manchuria” and the Proletarian Literature of Colonial Korea
Authors: Naoki Watanabe
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the relationship between Korean Agrarian Literature and colonialism in Manchuria. Certain Korean writers dealt with problems arising from Korean farmers flowing into Manchuria and wrote related fiction to regard Korean migrant issues as reflections of their own dilemmas expressed in Korean Proletarian Agrarian Literature. They especially emphasized Manchuria as a place of human reform. However, colonial victimhood transformed into colonialism when they crossed the Tumen River, the border between the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria. This chapter reveals how the ironic shift of subjectivity performed in the process shows how Korean ethnic nationalism was domesticated into imperial logic
“The Snow-White Shawl”
Authors: Perelman Elisheva A.
Published: September 2020

The next chapter presents the literary mythopoeia surrounding tuberculosis in both Euro-American literature and its Japanese counterpart in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Both of these literary traditions, the so-called “Western” and the Japanese, evince analogous stigmas against and stereotypes of the disease and its victims, including eroticism and revulsion, touching upon sensuality, insanity, and dishonor. Similarly, as the etiology of the disease was made clearer with notions of germ theory, these stigmas altered, but still remained prejudicial and incorrect nonetheless. Nevertheless, this misinformation shaped how the Japanese public considered tuberculosis, including by those suffering from the disease themselves.
Afterword
Authors: Perelman Elisheva A.
Published: September 2020

This section traces the fight against tuberculosis and the role of foreign evangelists through the late Taishō and early Shōwa periods to the Pacific War and its aftermath. The scourge of tuberculosis was ultimately conquered during the Occupation of Japan by General Douglas Macarthur’s SCAP forces, with the help of some of the evangelists, both domestic and foreign-born, who were able to remain throughout the war years.
The Gradual Transformation of the Metropolitan Schools
Authors: Ming-kin Chu
Published: September 2020

Chapter 1 discusses how the Song court and University personnel responded to the diverse learning attitudes of two groups of students—scions of senior officials given to be dismissive of government education and commoners keen on pursuing education—for the first ninety years since the dynasty’s founding. It shows that several “reforms” at the metropolitan schools in the mid-1040s, among them the detachment of the Imperial University from the Directorate School, the stipulation of a mandatory attendance requirement, and the convergence of school curriculum and examination topics, were in fact changes that evolved from earlier attempts to satisfy the needs of commoners while increasing the motivation to learn among “aristocratic” youths.
Five new Palaearctic species of Docosia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with updated molecular phylogeny of the genus
Authors: Ševčík Jan , Burdíková Nikola , Kaspřák David , Kurina Olavi
Published: September 2020

A new phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for the relationships among the species within the genus Docosia Winnertz, 1863, based on a combined analysis of five DNA markers (28S, ITS2, COI, COII and CytB). Five new species are described, Docosia anatolica Ševčík sp. nov. from Turkey, D. japonica Kurina sp. nov. from Japan, D. peloponnensis Ševčík sp. nov. from Greece, D. svanetica Kurina sp. nov. from Caucasus and D. polyspina Kurina sp. nov. from the Russian Far East. New country records of the following species are presented: D. diutina Plassmann, 1996 (Turkey), D. flavicoxa Strobl, 1900 (Georgia), D. gilvipes (Haliday in Walker, 1856) (Georgia), D. kerkini Kurina & Ševčík, 2011 (Bulgaria), D. moravica Landrock, 1916 (Georgia), D. pannonica Lastovka & Ševčík 2006 (Georgia) and D. rameli Kurina & Ševčík, 2011 (Slovakia).
Introduction
Authors: Langhamer Claire , Noakes Lucy , Siebrecht Claudia
Published: September 2020

War is often lived through and remembered as a time of heightened emotional intensity during which patriotic fervour, the break-up of families, encounters with the enemy, loss of life, and extraordinary levels of violence engendered a range of complex emotional responses. This edited collection places the emotions of war centre stage. It explores specific emotional responses in particular wartime locations, it maps national and transnational emotional cultures, and it proposes new ways of deploying emotion as an analytical device. This introductory chapter considers what happens when we place the emotions of war centre stage, demonstrating how cornerstones of historical writing and analysis, such as the chronological divide between ‘war’ and ‘postwar’ can look very different when we approach war through a study of emotions.
Barthes and Commissioned Writing
Authors: Compagnon Antoine
Published: September 2020

Roland Barthes constantly complained about being overwhelmed with requests and importunities; people were always sending him texts to read, and strangers would write or phone for appointments, articles, and advice. What he called the burden of administration (‘la gestion’) took up as much of his time as creative work. And he entertained the dream of a Vita Nova, liberated from supplications. The decision of ‘15 April 1978’, recorded in La Préparation du roman, was a revelation: henceforth, all of his life would be concentrated around literature – the novel – and he would switch to an ex-directory phone number. Yet Barthes, at the same time, loved the pressure of demands; he was addicted to the flow of requests and could not work without the stimulus of commissions and deadlines. In fact, as he well knew, most of what he produced started out as a commission (whether a ‘demande’ or a ‘commande’), right from the very first articles in Combat and his many contributions to book clubs. All through his life the pressure of writing for journals never ceased: Existences, Esprit, Théâtre populaire, Lettres nouvelles, L’Observateur or France-Observateur; later Critique, Communications, Tel Quel… This is the paradox to be explored in this chapter.
SMARTCSP: INDUSTRY 4.0 APPROACH FOR AN EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP) COST REDUCTION
Authors: VILLASANTE  CORREDOIRA CRISTOBAL , MABE ALVAREZ JON , LES AGUERREA IÑIGO , PEÑA LAPUENTE ADRIAN , SANCHEZ GONZALEZ MARCELINO , LOPEZ SUSANA
Published: September 2020

Today, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants and components incorporate a low degree of intelligence and autonomy that makes it expensive and makes quality control difficult. The degree of automation of CSP plants is low; the development of protocols, procedures and standards to ensure quality control during assembly, construction, commissioning and operation of the plant are still in their early stages. Meanwhile, Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm are the key technological breakthroughs for the manufacturing industry since the last century; and such can be SMARTCSP for the CSP since its commercial inception 50 years ago. SMARTCSP benefits from this experience in the application of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) or Lean Manufacturing in mature industrial fields such as automotive or manufacturing to create a new generation of SMARTCSP Components that include a full set of relevant functionalities right from the production line. SMARTCSP will provide higher levels of distributed intelligence, autonomy and decision making in CSP plants through distributed and miniaturized processors, sensors, and communications embedded in CSP components. Moreover, a new CSP plant concept is proposed that allows for an optimized operation and maintenance of the plant. All this entails the first step towards the crystallization of the Industry 4.0 paradigm in the field of CSP technologies.
N. F. S. Grundtvigs bopæle (adresser) i København
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

Places at which N. F. S. Grundtvig stayed in Copenhagen. II. 1822-1872. By Steen Johansen. The essay (continuing a treatment of the same subject for the years to 1821 in Grundtvig-Studier i960, 54-65) provides exact information about the places at which Grundtvig stayed in Copenhagen from 1822 to 1872. The information has been derived chiefly from private letters, census-papers, memoirs, and newspapers. Besides informing us about Grundtvig’s dwellingplaces the essay helps enlighten some obscure aspects af Grundtvig’s private life. We learn e. g., that later in life the choice of his addresses was most frequently made by other persons (esp. his second, and later his third wife), and that restless and quiet periods of his literary life correspond to frequent or less frequent changes of dwelling-place. The essay concludes with a complete list of Grundtvig’s addresses in Copenhagen 1800-1872.
Beretning om Grundtvig-Selskabets virksomhed 1964-65
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

Report on the Grundtvig Society's company 1964-65By William Michelsen
Skrifter udgivet af Grundtvig-Selskabet
Authors: Albeck Gustav
Published: September 2020

Works published by the Grundtvig Society
Skrifter udgivet af Grundtvig-Selskabet
Authors: Thodberg Christian
Published: September 2020

Works published by the Grundtvig Society
England og Grundtvig
Authors: Allchin Arthur Macdonald
Published: September 2020

England og GrundtvigHelge Grell: England og Grundtvig. Grundtvigs møde med England og dets betydning for hans forfatterskab. Center for Grundtvig-studier. Aarhus Universitet 1992.Reviewed by A. M. Allchin
Hallen og havet som eskatologiske modsætninger - i den angelsaksiske poesi og hos Grundtvig
Authors: Bøye Merete
Published: September 2020

The Sea and the Hall as Eschatological OppositesBy Merete BøyeGrundtvig frequently uses the Anglo-Saxon (AS) hall (heall) as a symbol of Paradise or of the Church. The hall is described by Beowulf-expert Andreas Haarder as a life-centre, where the AS king and his men gather around the feast, the giving of gifts, and the song of the scald. The opposite of the hall is the un-settling surrounding ’outside’, which is nature. The hall exists wherever and whenever men gather together in fellowship, and is as such potentially eternal. But it is always exposed to outer threat. The force of nature which awed the Anglo-Saxons most of all was the sea, which - being a seafaring nation - they had learned to fear and respect. To the Anglo-Saxons, the sea was a hostile and almost invincible evil power that only a true hero - such as Beowulf - could hope to conquer. The sea was the force which separated us from Paradise, but also the force which you had to defy in order to reach Paradise.Henning Høirup has observed a similar relation between fellowship and outer threat in Grundtvig’s writings. In Fra døden til livet (From Death to Life), Høirup writes that life - to Grundtvig - is to fill your place in the fellowship for which God has created us. Death will try to force itself onto the fellowship and dissolve it. Høirup’s concepts of life and death correspond with the AS concepts of the hall and the sea.In the works of Grundtvig, AS sea-imagery often occurs, e.g. in De Levendes Land (The Land of the Living), where Paradise is described as »Landet bag Hav« (the land behind the sea), and in Grundtvig’s sermons based on Matthew 8, 23-27, where he likens the church to a ship carrying its passengers to Paradise. The helmsman of the ship is Christ or the Holy Ghost.In the article The First New European Literature (1993), S.A.J. Bradley also points to AS influence on Grundtvig’s last poem Gammel nok er jeg nu blevet (Old Enough I Now Have Grown), which holds the same kind of sea-imagery as Grundtvig used in the sermons mentioned. Especially the AS poem The Seafarer« is very similar to Gammel nok... Both The Seafarer and Gammel nok... tell of an old man, who is crossing a vast, hostile ocean on a ship. The destination is Paradise. At the end of both poems there is a passage of praise to the Lord. This article concludes that Gammel nok... may be inspired by the AS seafaring poems.
Erik Møller: Grundtvig som samtidshistoriker
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

Erik Møller: Grundtv ig som Samtidshistoriker. (Grun d tv ig as a Historian of Contemporary Events). Copenhagen (Gy ld end a l) , 1950. 203 pages. Re viewed b y William Michelsen. In this book the author has aimed at throwing a new light over the personality of Grundtvig in order to awaken an understanding of his thoughts among circles formerly alien to them. Being a historian of contemporary events himself he has chosen to consider Grundtvig from the same point of view. But was Grundtvig a historian of contemporary events at all, or to what extent is it reasonable to regard him as such? Among his historical writings only the first short “World’s Chronicle” (1812) includes contemporary history, which is considered exclusively from a moral and religious point of view. Not even in the series of lectures on contemporary history delivered in 1838 (first published after his death under the title “Mands Minde” ) does he aim at giving any scholarly, objective presentation of the facts, only at recording the impressions which the events of the period made on him personally. Erik Møller’s criticism therefore both of these and Grundtvigs other numerous comments on contemporary affairs must often appear unfair or subjective. The author encomprises his opinion in the words, “ that Grundtvig was really not a man of visions, but a man of facts.” In relation to this it must be held that Grundtvig was a man both of visions and of facts. His view of history — including contemporary — cannot possibly be understood unless it is set in the context of his “ visions” . His greatness is measured mainly by his power to see and understand the crisis of culture which is now in its acute stage, but which began with the French Revolution when Grundtvig was a boy. Whether or not one agrees with Grundtvig in his interpretation of this crisis of culture, it is at this point that any discussion of his thought must begin. In spite of these and some minor critical remarks however it must be noticed, that Erik Møller’s investigation is very well documented, and that especially his criticism of the common aspect of Grundtvig as a “ prophet” is of great value.
Center for Grundtvig-Studier – de første 20 år
Authors: Schjørring Jens Holger
Published: September 2020

Baggrund
Cyber violence against young women during COVID-19
Authors: Mohammadi Leila
Published: September 2020

La pandemia que ha marcado estos últimos meses, particularmente en los momentos de confinamiento más estricto, ha supuesto un destacado incremento de la actividad online. De la mano de este fenómeno, también ha crecido la cara más negativa de la interacción vía Internet: la ciberviolencia. La investigadora Leila Mohammadi analiza la victimización de las mujeres jóvenes en este contexto.
Introduction
Authors: Kelz Robert
Published: September 2020

This introductory chapter contextualizes three different competing German theater groups within the cultural backdrop of Argentina as well as German exilic literature. In doing so, the chapter describes a gap within German exile studies where it concerns the artistic output of Germans abroad. Additionally, it briefly demonstrates the link between the disparate disciplines of German, Jewish, Latin American, and migration studies as they are understood across historiography, dramatic theory, and literary criticism. Here, theater is the stage upon which these competing forces meet. At the core of their emphasis on the dramatic genre is the concept of theater as a community-building institution. The chapter thus reveals the social dimension of theater and how it applies to this volume's themes.
The Hypocritical Hegemon
Authors: Hakelberg Lukas
Published: September 2020

This book takes a close look at how US domestic politics affects and determines the course of global tax policy. Through an examination of recent international efforts to crack down on offshore tax havens and the role the United States has played, the book uncovers how a seemingly innocuous technical addition to US law has had enormous impact around the world, particularly for individuals and corporations aiming to avoid and evade taxation. Through bullying and using its overwhelming political power, the book states, the United States has imposed rules on the rest of the world while exempting domestic banks for the same reporting requirements. It can do so because no other government wields control over such huge financial and consumer markets. This power imbalance is at the heart of the book.
Plant Steroids: Occurrence, Biological Significance, and Their Analysis
Authors: Gunaherath G. M. Kamal B. , Gunatilaka A. A. Leslie
Published: September 2020

Plant steroids constitute a diverse group of natural products. Biosynthetically, they are derived from
S
‐squalene‐2,3‐epoxide via acetate‐mevalonate pathway. Among the plant steroids, phytosterols are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and some of them are reported to possess hypocholesterolemic activity. Withanolides are a large group of steroidal lactones with various biological activities. Brassinosteroids are a small group of plant steroids classified as plant growth hormones. Phytoecdysteroids are polyhydroxylated plant steroids, many of which are known to exhibit anabolic effects with no undesirable side effects. Steroidal alkaloids are nitrogen‐containing plant steroids with an array of biological activities. It is noteworthy that trace amounts of cholesterol and mammalian steroidal hormones including progesterone have been detected in some plants. Analyses of plant steroids mainly utilize chromatographic methods such as
thin‐layer chromatography
(
TLC
),
high‐performance liquid chromatography
(
HPLC
),
ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography
(
UHPLC
), and
gas‐liquid chromatography
(
GLC
). In general,
photodiode array
(
PDA
),
evaporative light scattering
(
ELS
), and
fluorescence
(
FL
) detectors and
mass spectrometry
(
MS
) are commonly used for detection, quantification, and identification of plant steroids. UHPLC hyphenated with
tandem mass spectrometry
(
MS/MS
) has recently become the state‐of‐the‐art method of choice for the analysis of plant steroids, especially for the ones that are present in minor quantities such as brassinosteroids and phytoecdysteroids. Some less common techniques employed for the analyses of plant steroids are immunoassays and biological assays.
Stable Quasi‐2D Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 18% Enabled by Heat–Light Co‐Treatment
Authors: Lian Xiaomei , Wu Haotian , Zuo Lijian , Zhou Guanqing , Wen Xinbo , Zhang Yingzhu , Wu Gang , Xie Zengqi , Zhu Haiming , Chen Hongzheng
Published: September 2020

2D perovskite solar cells (2D PVSCs) show good stability for commercialization. However, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is relatively low. In this work, a post‐treatment strategy by simultaneously applying light and heat to quasi‐2D PVSCs, obtaining a record PCE of 18.24% is developed. It is found that heat‐treating PVSCs in the dark slightly increases the device performance over time at temperatures below 75 °C, whereas the performance deteriorates rapidly at temperatures above 100 °C. Upon illumination, the device efficiency is significantly improved, particularly when the thermal‐treatment temperature is increased to 100 °C. A comprehensive carrier dynamic study reveals that the enhanced performance can be attributed to the reduced quasi‐2D perovskite defect states and improved charge collection. In addition, this strategy enables better stability, and an unencapsulated device can retain 90% of its original PCE after 1340 h of direct exposure to air with a humidity of 50 ± 5%. Thus, the strategy paves the way for the commercialization of quasi‐2D PVSCs.
Yolk‐Shell Structured Nanoflowers Induced Intracellular Oxidative/Thermal Stress Damage for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Miao‐Deng , Guo Deng‐Ke , Zeng Run‐Yao , Ye Jing‐Jie , Wang Shi‐Bo , Li Chu‐Xin , Sun Yun‐Xia , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: September 2020

Cancer cells, with unique their metabolism, frequently exhibit a high level of redox homeostasis, which could be a feasible target for cancer treatment. Here, liquid metal (LM) nanoparticles are used as a template to guide the growth of yolk‐shell structured LM@MnO2 (LMN). With yolk‐shell structures, LMNs is applied to load with cinnamaldehyde (CA) (CLMN) and further coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to construct the CA&LM@MnO2‐HA nanoflowers (CLMNF) for cancer targeted treatment. Owing to the urchin‐like structured shell, it is found that the obtained CLMNF particles rapidly deplete glutathione (GSH) and produce manganese ions, which further facilitate hydrogen peroxide converting into hydroxyl radical (·OH) for cancer cell killing. Accompanying the depletion of GSH, the balance of intracellular redox homeostasis tilts towards oxidation, resulting in amplified oxidative damage caused by CA, eventually, leading to the apoptosis of cancer cells. Combined with the remarkable near infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion properties, the novel structured CLMNF exhibits favorable inhibition of tumors in vivo, indicating that using nanoflowers to induce intracellular oxidative/thermal stress damage could be a promising strategy for anticancer treatment.
Recent Progress in Nanolaser Technology
Authors: Jeong Kwang‐Yong , Hwang Min‐Soo , Kim Jungkil , Park Jin‐Sung , Lee Jung Min , Park Hong‐Gyu
Published: September 2020

Nanolasers are key elements in the implementation of optical integrated circuits owing to their low lasing thresholds, high energy efficiencies, and high modulation speeds. With the development of semiconductor wafer growth and nanofabrication techniques, various types of wavelength‐scale and subwavelength‐scale nanolasers have been proposed. For example, photonic crystal lasers and plasmonic lasers based on the feedback mechanisms of the photonic bandgap and surface plasmon polaritons, respectively, have been successfully demonstrated. More recently, nanolasers employing new mechanisms of light confinement, including parity–time symmetry lasers, photonic topological insulator lasers, and bound states in the continuum lasers, have been developed. Here, the operational mechanisms, optical characterizations, and practical applications of these nanolasers based on recent research results are outlined. Their scientific and engineering challenges are also discussed.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a young patient with Pitt–Hopkins syndrome
Authors: Macchiaiolo Marina , Panfili Filippo Maria , Gonfiantini Michaela Veronika , Mastrogiorgio Gerarda , Buonuomo Paola Sabrina , Gaspari Stefania , Longo Daniela , Zollino Marcella , Bartuli Andrea
Published: September 2020

Pitt–Hopkins syndrome (PTHS, MIM #610954) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease characterized by the association of intellectual disability, characteristic facial gestalt and episodes of abnormal and irregular breathing. PTHS is due to heterozygous loss‐of‐function variants in the TCF4 gene (transcription factor 4, MIM #602272) encoding for a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor. TCF4 is highly expressed during early development of the nervous system, and it is involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation. Since the first clinical description in 1978, less than 200 PTHS patients have been described. A comprehensive phenotype, especially regarding cancer predisposition, is not yet well defined. We report the case of a 7‐year‐old boy affected by PTHS with a 4‐week history of progressive swelling of the frontal bones diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
The expanding spectrum of NFIB‐associated phenotypes in a diverse patient population—A report of two new patients
Authors: Barrus Kathleen , Rego Shannon , Yip Tiffany , Martin Pierre‐Marie , Glen Orit A. , Van Ziffle Jessica , Slavotinek Anne M.
Published: September 2020

NFIB (Nuclear Factor I B) haploinsufficiency has recently been identified as a cause of intellectual disability and macrocephaly. Here we describe two patients with pathogenic variants in NFIB. The first is a 6‐year‐old Latino male with developmental delays, mild hypotonia, facial anomalies, and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings comprising mild thinning of the corpus callosum, with more marked thinning of the splenium and blunting of the rostrum and cavum septum pellucidum. Exome sequencing identified a previously described de novo variant in NFIB, c.265C>T, predicting p.Arg89Ter. The second is a 5‐year‐old Latino male with developmental delays, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, a preauricular tag and pit, a small ventricular septal defect, and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings including a dysmorphic corpus callosum and a small posterior fossa. A single nucleotide polymorphism microarray identified a 92 kb interstitial deletion at 9p23 including several exons of NFIB and no other known genes. Our two patients add to the knowledge of this rare condition through our addition of new brain MRI findings and dysmorphic features. Additionally, these are the first known Latino patients to be described with NFIB haploinsufficiency, expanding our understanding of the associated facial features in diverse populations. Further data are needed to determine genotype–phenotype relationships for NFIB.
Transcription Factor Based Small‐Molecule Sensing with a Rapid Cell Phone Enabled Fluorescent Bead Assay
Authors: Chern Margaret , Garden Padric M. , Baer R C. , Galagan James E. , Dennis Allison M.
Published: September 2020

Recently, allosteric transcription factors (TFs) were identified as a novel class of biorecognition elements for in vitro sensing, whereby an indicator of the differential binding affinity between a TF and its cognate DNA exhibits dose‐dependent responsivity to an analyte. Described is a modular bead‐based biosensor design that can be applied to such TF‐DNA‐analyte systems. DNA‐functionalized beads enable efficient mixing and spatial separation, while TF‐labeled semiconductor quantum dots serve as bright fluorescent indicators of the TF‐DNA bound (on bead) and unbound states. The prototype sensor for derivatives of the antibiotic tetracycline exhibits nanomolar sensitivity with visual detection of bead fluorescence. Facile changes to the sensor enable sensor response tuning without necessitating changes to the biomolecular affinities. Assay components self‐assemble, and readout by eye or digital camera is possible within 5 minutes of analyte addition, making sensor use facile, rapid, and instrument‐free.
Size‐Dependent Activity and Selectivity of Atomic‐Level Copper Nanoclusters during CO/CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Rong Weifeng , Zou Haiyuan , Zang Wenjie , Xi Shibo , Wei Shuting , Long Baihua , Hu Junhui , Ji Yongfei , Duan Lele
Published: September 2020

As a favorite descriptor, the size effect of Cu‐based catalysts has been regularly utilized for activity and selectivity regulation toward CO2/CO electroreduction reactions (CO2/CORR). However, little progress has been made in regulating the size of Cu nanoclusters at the atomic level. Herein, the size‐gradient Cu catalysts from single atoms (SAs) to subnanometric clusters (SCs, 0.5–1 nm) to nanoclusters (NCs, 1–1.5 nm) on graphdiyne matrix are readily prepared via an acetylenic‐bond‐directed site‐trapping approach. Electrocatalytic measurements show a significant size effect in both the activity and selectivity toward CO2/CORR. Increasing the size of Cu nanoclusters will improve catalytic activity and selectivity toward C2+ productions in CORR. A high C2+ conversion rate of 312 mA cm−2 with the Faradaic efficiency of 91.2 % are achieved at −1.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) over Cu NCs. The activity/selectivity‐size relations provide a clear understanding of mechanisms in the CO2/CORR at the atomic level.
Double‐Layered Supramolecular Prisms Self‐Assembled by Geometrically Non‐equivalent Tetratopic Subunits
Authors: Wang Heng , Zhou Li‐Peng , Zheng Yu , Wang Kun , Song Bo , Yan Xuzhou , Wojtas Lukasz , Wang Xu‐Qing , Jiang Xin , Wang Ming , Sun Qing‐Fu , Xu Bingqian , Yang Hai‐Bo , Sue Andrew C.‐H. , Chan Yi‐Tsu , Sessler Jonathan L. , Jiao Yang , Stang Peter J. , Li Xiaopeng
Published: September 2020

Supramolecular cages/vesicles in biology display sophisticated structures and functions by utilizing a few types of protein subunit quasi‐equivalently at distinct geometrical locations. However, synthetic supramolecular cages still lack comparable complexity to reach the high levels of functionality found in natural systems. Herein we report the self‐assembly of giant pentagonal supramolecular prisms (molecular weight >50 kDa) with tetratopic pyridinyl subunits serving different geometrical roles within the structures, and their packing into a novel superstructure with unexpected three‐fold rotational symmetry in a single two‐dimensional layer of crystalline state. The formation of these complicated structures is controlled by both the predetermined angles of the ligands and the mismatched structural tensions created from the multi‐layered geometry of the building blocks. Such a self‐assembly strategy is extensively used by viruses to increase the volume and complexity of capsids and would provide a new approach to construct highly sophisticated supramolecular architectures.