bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’État islamique
Authors: Février Rémy
Published: December 2021

Les sciences de gestion sont très en retrait dans l’étude intrinsèque des organisations terroristes alors même que leur apport peut s’avérer essentiel. L’étude de l’État islamique permet de mesurer leur capacité à analyser intiment une organisation jihadiste et les résultats apparaissent encourageants en ce qu’ils permettent d’en établir, pour la première fois, une cartographie organisationnelle assez exhaustive au travers notamment du recours aux théories des parties prenantes et néo-institutionnelle.
Unusual intracranial suppuration: illustrative cases
Authors: Pradhan Anjali , Rutayisire François Xavier , Munyemana Paulin , Karekezi Claire
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Intracranial suppuration (ICS) is a rare complication that can arise from various disease processes and is composed of brain abscess, extradural empyema, and subdural empyema. Although significant progress has been achieved with antibiotics, neuroimaging, and neurosurgical technique, ICS remains a serious neurosurgical emergency. An uncommon presentation of ICS is sterile ICS, which has yet to be fully elucidated by clinicians. The authors present 2 cases of unusual sterile ICS: a sterile subdural empyema and a sterile brain abscess.

OBSERVATIONS

Both patients underwent surgical treatment consisting of craniotomy to evacuate the pus collection. The blood cultures from both the patients, the collected empyema, and the thick capsule from the brain abscess were sterile. However, the necrotic brain tissue surrounding the abscess contained inflammatory cells. The authors’ review of the literature emphasizes the rarity of sterile ICS and substantiates the necessity for additional studies to explore this field.

LESSONS

Sterile ICS is a disease entity that warrants further investigation to determine appropriate treatment to improve patient outcomes. This study highlights the paucity of data available regarding sterile ICS and supports the need for future studies to uncover the etiology of sterile ICS to better guide management of this condition.
Клінічні прояви синдрому пост-COVID-19
Authors: Tronko M.D. , Orlenko V.L. , Kurinna Yu.V. , Ivaskiva K.Yu.
Published: December 2021

На сьогодні пандемія COVID‑19 триває вже близько двох років. Хоча знання фахівців значно покращились у питаннях профілактики та лікування важких форм захворювання, патогенез та лікування синдрому пост-COVID‑19 залишаються актуальними питаннями в медичній та науковій спільнотах. Актуальність проблеми полягає в значному поширенні цього стану серед перехворілих, зниженні якості життя пацієнтів, нестачі знань про частоту, механізми перебігу та причини віддалених наслідків, нечітких уявленнях стосовно підходів до діагностики та лікування, а також відсутності нормативних документів щодо ведення таких пацієнтів. У серпні 2020 року британськими дослідниками вперше було запропоновано термін пост-COVID‑19. Наявні дані свідчать про значні відмінності в епідеміологічних оцінках поширеності синдрому пост-COVID‑19 через відмінності в методах відбору, періодах спостереження та розмірах вибірок. Частота синдрому пост-COVID‑19 оцінюється в 10-35%, тоді як для госпіталізованих пацієнтів вона може досягати й 85%. Втомлюваність є найпоширенішим симптомом, про який повідомляється в 17,5-72,0% випадків після перенесеного COVID‑19, потім услід за задишкою, частота якої становить 10-40%, виникають психічні проблеми, біль у грудях, нюхова і смакова дисфункція, що зустрічаються відповідно до 26, 22 та 11% реконвалесцентів. Більше однієї третини пацієнтів із синдромом пост-COVID‑19 мають вже наявні супутні захворювання, найчастіше зустрічаються гіпертонія та цукровий діабет. Опубліковані на сьогодні дані свідчать про те, що більшість пацієнтів із синдромом пост-COVID‑19 мають хороший прогноз без подальших ускладнень та летальних наслідків. Більшість досліджень досі зосереджувалися на симптомах, пов’язаних із синдромом пост-COVID‑19, а не на дисфункції органів. В огляді представлено аналіз досліджень щодо визначення синдрому пост-COVID‑19, вивчення впливу перенесеної інфекції на різні системи органів та надано основні потенційні механізми розвитку ускладнень. Особлива увага приділена наслідкам перенесеного COVID‑19 з боку ендокринних органів. Запропоновані рекомендації щодо обстеження і ведення пацієнтів із синдромом пост-COVID‑19.
Рівень аполіпопротеїну А1 у хворих на цукровий діабет і коморбідні захворювання на тлі COVID-19
Authors: Sokolova L.K. , Belchina Y.B. , Cherviakova S.A. , Pushkarev V.V. , Furmanova O.V. , Kovzun O.I. , Pushkarev V.M. , Tronko M.D.
Published: December 2021

Підвищений рівень холестерину ліпопротеїнів високої щільності (ЛПВЩ) та аполіпопротеїну А1 (ApoA1) у плазмі асоціюється зі зниженим ризиком розвитку серцево-судинних захворювань (ССЗ). Окрім потенційної кардіопротекторної функції, ЛПВЩ та ApoA1, основні аполіпопротеїни ЛПВЩ, також мають протидіабетичні властивості. Мета. Метою дослідження було визначити рівень ApoA1 у крові хворих на цукровий діабет (ЦД), коронавірусну інфекцію 2019 року (COronaVIrus Disease 2019, COVID‑19) та інші супутні захворювання (n=81), а також вплив цукрознижувальних препаратів на рівень ApoA1. Матеріал і методи. ApoA1 визначали за допомогою наборів для імуноферментного аналізу («Elabscience», США); вимірювання проводили при оптичній довжині хвилі 450 нм. Результати. Рівень ApoA1 у крові хворих на ЦД і, особливо, на COVID‑19 був значно нижчим, ніж у крові здорових людей. На рівень АроА1 впливають супутні захворювання. Хронічний автоімунний тиреоїдит (ХАТ), хронічна ниркова недостатність (ХНН) та артеріальна гіпертензія (АГ) призводять до вірогідного зниження рівня ApoA1 в крові. Лікування метформіном, або у вигляді монотерапії, або в поєднанні з іншими препаратами (переважно інсуліном), суттєво не впливає на рівень ApoA1 порівняно зі середнім показником для всієї групи. У хворих, які отримували сульфонілсечовину (СС), рівень ApoA1 значно нижчий від середнього рівня для групи та норми. Значний позитивний вплив на кількість ApoA1 у плазмі спостерігався у хворих, які отримували комбінацію препаратів з інгібіторами натрійзалежного котранспортера глюкози‑2 (НЗКГ‑2і, sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, iSGLT2) та, особливо, інгібіторами дипептидилпептидази‑4 (ДПП‑4і, dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors, DPP‑4i). Обговорюються можливі механізми зниження рівня ApoA1 за умов захворювання на COVID‑19 та ЦД. Висновок. Таким чином, рівень ApoA1 може бути одним із перспективних маркерів тяжкого перебігу COVID‑19.
On Role of General V.E. Borisov in the Stavka of the Supreme Commander in 1915–1917
Authors: Anisimova Sofya
Published: December 2021

This article examines the role of General V.E. Borisov in the decision-making process at the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander of the Russian Army in 1915–1917. General Borisov was a friend of General M.V. Alekseyev, and their contemporaries often characterized him as an unofficial advisor to Alekseyev, especially in military matters. When in August 1915 general Alekseyev was appointed as the Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander and arrived at the Stavka in Mogilev, Borisov followed him, even though he did not have any official status at the time. Comparing the handwriting in Borisov's personal documents with the unsigned documents from the documents of Stavka, preserved at the Russian State Archive for Military History (RGVIA), this article concludes that Borisov in fact took part in the creation of several major notes on Russia's relations with the Allies in the Entente that laid the foundation for the Stavka’s strategic military decisions. In some cases he was the sole author of the documents, sometimes he wrote it together with Alekseyev. Borisov paid particular attention to Serbia and the Balkans, so this article analyses in detail the project of the allied offensive from Galicia and Salonika, developed by Borisov in November 1915. Confirmation of Borisov's participation in Stavka’s strategic activities improves our understanding of Stavka’s functioning and allows us to determine the ideological origins of the strategic decisions of the Russian high command, since, unlike General Alekseyev, Borisov left a vast theoretical legacy.
Epidemics and History: Multiple Approaches to the Subject
Authors: Mikhel Dmitriy
Published: December 2021

The problems of epidemics have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The history of epidemics has its own historiography, which dates to the physician Hippocrates and the historian Thucydides. Up to the 19th century, historians followed their ideas, but due to the progress in medical knowledge that began at that time, they almost lost interest in the problems of epidemics. In the early 20th century, due to the development of microbiology and epidemiology, a new form of the historiography of epidemics emerged: the natural history of diseases which was developed by microbiologists. At the same time, medical history was reborn, and its representatives saw their task as proving to physicians the usefulness of studying ancient medical texts. Among the representatives of the new generation of medical historians, authors who contributed to the development of the historiography of epidemics eventually emerged. By the end of the 20th century, they included many physician-enthusiasts. Since the 1970s, influenced by many factors, more and more professional historians, for whom the history of epidemics is an integral part of the history of society. The last quarter-century has also seen rapid growth in popular historiography of epidemics, made possible by the activation of various humanities researchers and journalists trying to make the history of epidemics more lively and emotional. A great influence on the spread of new approaches to the study of the history of epidemics is now being exerted by the media, focusing public attention on the new threats to human civilization in the form of modern epidemics.
Crisis in Mali: Interrelationship of major actors
Authors: Davidchuk Anna S.
Published: December 2021

This article provides comprehensive analysis of interrelationship of the main actors of Malian conflict in 2012-2021, based on official statements, documents, press reports and field studies. The analysis is focused on the main groups of actors and the complex nature of relationships within the system, based on the "mutual intersection" of actors at several levels - transnational, state and local (ethnic). The authors consider a complex of political and economic reasons that affects the change in the loyalty of actors - the general level of poverty, the issue of controlling routes of smuggling and drug trafficking, the unique political agenda of different groups, close tribal, family and friendly ties between representatives of the same classes and clans representing different actors. In the paper are also analyzed the main events that make it possible to talk about the type of relations between actors. Researchers pay special attention to non-state actors - former rebels and ethnic militias, which form the systems of relations among the actors of the Malian conflict and actively use violence, the monopoly on which de jure belongs only to the state. Authors analyze the position of foreign actors (France, EU, UN) and emergence of new, non-violent methods of combating terrorism, since the anti-terrorist operations "Serval" and "Barkhan" were not successful and did not destroy the terrorist groups in the Sahara-Sahel region. All these facts signal about a further change in the relationship among the actors and, as a result, new challenges and opportunities in the settlement of the Malian conflict.
"Cabbage strategy" as a method of ensuring China’s sovereignty on the China-Indian border
Authors: Melnichuk Sofya A.
Published: December 2021

In May 2020, one of the largest conflicts in recent decades occurred on the Sino-Indian border. Against the background of discussion of heated armed clashes, observers have also noted that in the past years China has been using hybrid tactics as means of ensuring its control over the Line of actual control on the border with India. This article examines the hybrid tactics of the Chinese side to ensure sovereignty on the border with India the PRC's policy of installing military and civilian infrastructure in disputed and border areas. In the areas claimed by India and Bhutan, Chinese objects for various purposes appear - from camouflaged barracks and installations of unclear purpose to residential villages. These installations testify to the application by China of the so-called "сabbagestrategy" - the gradual "surrounding" the enemy with its infrastructure in order to establish de facto Chinese military and economic control over the disputed territories. In addition, Beijing has launched a large-scale development program for the border Tibet Autonomous Region in order to strengthen its borders. Such actions are hybrid tactics used by China in other territorial disputes, for example, around the islands in the South China Sea. They allow the PRC to have a military superiority over the opponent, to intimidate him with its economic and military influence in the region. Such actions fit into the framework of one of the priorities declared by the current Chinese leadership: the protection of national borders and the restoration of sovereignty over the territories “lost” during the so-called century of humiliation.
The specifics of Croatian folk mythology
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of Russian Academy of Sciences, Plotnikova Anna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the areal distribution of Croatian mythological characters, taking into account the general picture of folk mythology in the space of Southern Slavia. The author regards demonological images specific to the Adriatic, southern and northern parts of Croatia (including the Istrian peninsula), northwestern Croatia (often representing a single whole with the neighboring Slovenian area), Slavonia and Croats living in the environment of a foreign-cultural and foreign-speaking majority (Drava’s Croats in Hungary and Burgenland’s Croats in Austria and Hungary). The need to analyze character types considering the neighboring South Slavic regions (Bosnian, Serbian, Slovenian) is caused by the common system of distribution of cultural dialects and the corresponding terminology of folk culture in the whole South Slavic territory. As far as the geolinguistic study of folk mythology is concerned, and more broadly – cultural dialects, the ethnolinguist’s attention naturally falls on borrowings in the names of demonological characters: Italian, German, Hungarian, etc.
Justice in the paradigm of the Philosophy of Law: analytical review
Authors: Zhukov Vasily I.
Published: December 2021

The author analyzes the process of accumulation of knowledge in the field of philosophy and law in order to create an epistemological basis for the perception of justice in the paradigm of the Philosophy of Law. The analytical review is based on the analysis of philosophical, theological, historical and other theories developed from ancient times to the present. The author focuses on the works of ancient thinkers (first of all, Plato, his disciple Aristotle, their followers, Roman authors), the works of scientists who created original concepts and enriched jurisprudence in the Middle Ages, the new and the newest times. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of theories that brought science closer to the creation of a theory of justice in the context of the Philosophy of Law. The author also describes the theories of justice of law developed by the largest scientists of the XX century, J.ºRawls, H. Otfried, F. von Hayek, Ph. Selznick, etc. The article considers the contribution to the development of knowledge about justice in the paradigm of the Philosophy of Law made by the local legal scholars, Soviet scientists, the largest modern specialists in this field, including V.D. Zorkin, V.I. Khairullin, etc. Based on the results of the analytical review, the main conclusions are developed and the author's definition of justice in the format of the Philosophy of Law is given.
Proceeding on Cases with the Participation of Foreign Persons in International Procedure Law of Russia and Belarus (The end)
Authors: Butler William Elliott
Published: December 2021

This article is dedicated to one of the most interesting aspects of International Procedural Law – litigation with the participation of foreign persons. Authors focused on a comparative analysis of Russian and Belarus legislation concerning the regulation of international procedural relations. Article includes two parts: the first one considers international jurisdiction of Russian arbitrazh courts and Belarus economic courts on commercial matters; the second one examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in commercial matters on the territory of Russia and Belarus. Authors deeply scrutinized a wide range of legal documents including domestic legislation, bilateral and multilateral international treaties of regional character in order to show the convergences and divergences in Russian and Belarus procedural law concerning participation of foreign persons in international commercial litigation
S. Freud. Aggression: between Eros and Thanatos
Authors: Zhukov Vyacheslav N.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the concept of aggression S. Freud. Aggression is shown as a biological phenomenon interacting with culture. According to Freud, biological phenomena (including human life) are permeated by two aspirations: the instinct of life and the instinct of death. The purpose of life is death, and life itself is a special case of inanimate matter. Aggression is a manifestation of the death instinct. Since the culture designed to restrain individual and mass aggression is itself permeated with both instincts (Eros and Thanatos), the outcome of the struggle between them is unknown.
Generasi Alpha: Dampak Penggunaan Gawai Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Mellyan
Published: December 2021

Gadgets have become an important necessity in the digital age. This phenomenon not only occurs among adults but also in children. The youngest generation today is known as Gen A or Alpha generation. experts predict this generation is most familiar with technology, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic so it needs guidance from older people because children will not gain social-emotional abilities if only interact with the device. The purpose of this study is to explain the influence of devices used in the lives of the Alpha generation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research methods use qualitative methods, with descriptive approaches and data collection methods of research libraries. Research shows that the challenges of educating children are becoming increasingly complicated, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. 29% AUD in 2020 in Indonesia using gadgets. This is due to changes in learning methods that occur during pandemics, as well as parents who let children play with gadgets without proper control, then they experience addiction, thus affecting motor, cognitive, and psychological development, as well as creativity. Screen time excessive risk experiencing speech delay, disturbance, weakness social skill and even brain damage. On the other hand, gadgets have a positive impact such as adding science and entertainment. Parents play an important role in controlling children in the use of gadgets so that they avoid addiction to give birth to the golden generation in the future.
Konformitas Gender: Kaum Gay di Ruang Publik Syariah
Authors: Sri Widari
Published: December 2021

Culturally the gay phenomenon has existed in the historical record of culture in Indonesia. The spread of gays in the country will continue to grow, not even closing the possibility of venturing into sharia circles, including Aceh. The existence of gay people in Langsa city caused a variety of strong reactions in the community. The phenomena ultimately force gays to camouflage in people's lives with conformity that is played slickly and massively. This research is intended to obtain answers about gay conformity in interacting in the sharia earth of Langsa City. Using qualitative descriptive measures, it was found that most gays in Langsa City always strive to demonstrate gender conformity to hide their true identity from the wider community. This is done to realize a sense of security and as a existed self-protection against discriminate people of Langsa City who uphold the values of Islamic sharia. So that with the gender conformity carried out by gays in Langsa city will create a calm because gays will feel protected from all prejudices and suspicions of the community.
СЕМАНТИКА ПОНЯТТЯ «ЛОГІСТИЧНИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ»
Authors: Янковська Вікторія , Телепнєва Ольга , Кононов Іван
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена розкриттю сутності поняття «логістичний менеджмент», як важливій складовій управління підприємством. Проаналізовано теоретичні підходи до визначення поняття з точки зору різних авторів, нагальні проблеми управлінського процесу, суттєві умови ефективної роботи, розкриті спільні та відмінні риси в підходах до визначення даної економічної категорії; розроблено найбільш повне визначення поняття на основі розглянутих підходів; надати пропозиції щодо найбільш прийнятного терміну для позначення поняття «логістичний менеджмент». Доведено, що логістичний менеджмент, це об’єднання декількох управлінських функцій підприємства задля досягнення відповідних цілей та вирішення необхідних виробничих завдань з метою отримання прибутку. Окреслено, що логістичний менеджмент здійснюється відповідно до таких ключових концепцій, як: концепція загальних витрат, запобігання локальній субоптимізації та фінансові обміни.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ТА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МАЛОГО ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ
Authors: Жалдак Ганна , Макалюк Ірина
Published: December 2021

Об’єктом дослідження є процеси функціонування та розвитку малого інноваційного підприємництва як основи успішного ведення бізнесу в умовах пандемії. Одним із найбільш проблемних аспектів є ідентифікація особливостей розвитку інноваційного підприємництва в умовах пандемії, що чинять істотний вплив на економіку країни. Проаналізовано сутність малого інноваційного підприємництва та його особливостей в Україні і за кордоном. Визначено ознаки сучасних теорій управління в контексті розвитку малого інноваційного підприємництва, зокрема: роль та значення нематеріальної складової; використання цифрових технологій та діджиталізації бізнесу; зміна предмету праці у більшості працівників; трансформація організаційних структур та корпоративних культур.
ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПРИВАБЛИВОСТІ МАЛОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Гурова Капіталіна , Мельничук Марина , Пащенко Анастасія
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена вивченню питання методичного забезпечення оцінки інвестиційної привабливості малого підприємства. Розглянуто визначення «інвестиційний проєкт» у різних літературних джерелах та узагальнено власним розвитком. Окреслено існуючі за сучасних умов джерела фінансування інвестиційних проєктів для малих підприємств. Узагальнено основні підходи та методики до оцінювання інвестиційного проєкту. При оцінці інвестиційної привабливості рекомендовано керуватись певними науково-обґрунтованими економічними критеріями та акцентовано на необхідності використання неформалізованих критеріїв. Наведено економіко-аналітичну характеристику основних методів оцінки інвестиційних проектів. Розширено певні недоліки методик оцінки інвестиційної привабливості для малого підприємства.
МАРКЕТИНГОВІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ГОТЕЛЬНО-ТУРИСТИЧНОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ КОРОНАВІРУСУ
Authors: Паславська Вікторія , Орлова Олена , Басараб Ольга
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням розробки практичних рекомендацій при формуванні маркетингових стратегій в готельно-туристичному бізнесі в нинішніх умовах пандемії коронавірусу. Доведено актуальність розвитку готельно-туристичного бізнесу України на фоні зростаючих можливостей та потреб населення до подорожей, ділових поїздок та інших територіальних переміщень. Проаналізовано та систематизовано основні чинники впливу на маркетингові стратегії. Обґрунтовано необхідність формування стратегії щодо ринку туристських послуг з використанням досвіду і технологій європейського ринку. Досліджено теоретичні основи та сформовано практичні рекомендації щодо розробки маркетингових стратегій розвитку готельно-туристичного бізнесу України, адаптовані до українських реалій в нинішніх умовах коронавірусної кризи.
СУЧАСНІ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ МІСЦЕВОГО РОЗВИТКУ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПАРТНЕРСЬКОЇ СПІВПРАЦІ У ГРОМАДАХ
Authors: Пітюлич Михайло , Кудак Кристина
Published: December 2021

У статті здійснено теоретичний аналіз основних наукових підходів до дослідження питань місцевого розвитку та ефективного функціонування громад на засадах партнерської співпраці. На основі квалітативного аналізу здійснено аналіз базових наукових концепцій місцевого розвитку, зокрема таких як просторові теорії та теорії розміщення; теорії кумулятивного зростання; теорія продуктивності факторів виробництва; теорія місцевої ресурсної бази; теорія експортної бази; інституціональні теорії; теорія суспільного добробуту; теорії інклюзивного розвитку та ін. Визначено, що місцевий економічний розвиток (МЕР) безпосередньо пов’язаний з діяльністю та взаємоузгодженим функціонуванням органів влади, бізнесу та громади, тому його ефективність необхідно розглядати в контексті партнерських відносин зазначених суб’єктів. Проведений аналіз засвідчив, що основними теоріями, які відображають вагомість не тільки економічних, але і територіальних, соціальних та культурних аспектів при побудові партнерств є теорії соціального капіталу, мережевої економік та лідерства у громадах, що доповнюють теорію «Розвитку громад на основі активів» (теорія ABCD – Asset Based Community Development), що являється базовою науковою теорією, яка знаходиться в основі місцевого розвитку в контексті партнерської співпраці у громадах.
A Study on Chronofatality Trends of COVID-19 Deaths at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rupesh Kattamreddy Ananth , Venkateswarlu Mopuri , Pamujula Suresh , Kalyankar Pravin Panditrao , Salvi Nitesh Motiram , Vora Shayali
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to find out any association between time of death in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and variables like age, sex, and existence of comorbidities including type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, etc. An attempt was also made to elucidate the reasons for relationship between time of death and other aforementioned variables. Mortality data of 1,553 COVID-19 cases from a tertiary care hospital between March 2020 to September 2021 were analyzed. Maximum deaths occurred between 18:01 hours to 06:00 hours of the 24-hour cycle. There is a significant statistical association between time of death and age, time of death and sex, time of death and having a comorbidity of diabetes mellitus in the study sample. The study confirms that the chronofatality of COVID-19 deaths has a nocturnal predilection. The circadian rhythms of glucocorticoids, respiratory physiology of sleep, and circadian hemodynamic variations may have a role in prognosis and fatality of COVID-19.
Efficient Transmission of 2D Chaotic Maps Encrypted Images with DWT-Based SC-FDMA LTE System
Authors: Mehallel Elhadi , Abed Djamel , Bouchemel Ammar
Published: December 2021

The single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is a promising technique that has been adopted as an uplink transmission scheme in the long-term evolution (LTE) cellular system. This is attributed to its advantages such as the low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the utilization of frequency-domain equalizers to resolve the problem of inter-symbol interference (ISI). In this paper, a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based SC-FDMA system is proposed for the effective transmission of encrypted images. The 2D Chaotic baker map encryption algorithm has been used to encrypt images to enhance their security during transmission via SC-FDMA- based systems. The performance of the process of encrypted image transmission using the 2D Chaotic baker map algorithm with wavelet transform-based SC-FDMA (DWT SC-FDMA) system is evaluated in terms of different performance metrics, with comparison to Discrete Fourier Transform SC-FDMA (DFT SC-FDMA) and, Discrete Cosine Transform SC-FDMA (DCT SC-FDMA) systems. The viability of the proposed scheme was tested with different wireless channel models and different subcarriers mapping schemes. Experimental results show that the proposed method of the encrypted image transmission via the DWT SC-FDMA system provides a remarkable performance gain compared to the other versions of the SC-FDMA system in terms of the PSNR, and the BER metrics in the wireless channel models. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and adds a degree of encryption to the transmitted images through the wireless channels.
‘Inadaptable Gypsies’ and ‘Dangerous Antiziganists’: Struggling and Mirroring Folk Devils
Authors: Slačálek Ondřej
Published: December 2021

Based on a study of anti-Roma mobilizations in the Czech Republic, this chapter examines how the image of the Roma as a folk devil exhibits not only stigmatizing characteristics but also complicated relationships in terms of tension and expectations between the ‘decent and productive majority’ and the ‘inadaptable minority’. Through this, the article states that given that decency means complying with norms defined by the behaviour of the majority, the minority is at the very least an object of suspicion from the start.
The Sugar Devil: Demonizing the Taste of Sweetness in Denmark
Authors: Højlund Susanne
Published: December 2021

This chapter focuses on how a food item, namely sugar, suddenly emerged as devilish in Danish children’s institutions. How, the article asks, has it become possible within a relative short number of years to change the perceptions of sugar and agree on it as a dangerous foodstuff to an extent that there are written rules for its use for nearly all children in Denmark? The folk devil here is someone, or something, that has always been there but which suddenly (re)emerges as particularly evil.
Soviet Koreans in Uzbekistan in the First Year after Deportation in 1937
Authors: Kim Alexander , Surzhik Mariia , Mamychev Aleksei
Published: December 2021

Koreans had lived on the southern territory of the modern Russian Far East before the arrival of Russian pathfinders in these lands. Therefore, they are an indigenous population of the modern Primorye region in the Russia, although, in the nineteenth century the number of Koreans was relatively small in the south of the Russian Far East. Russian Koreans supported the October Revolution and the fight of the Red Army against the old regime for several reasons. Bolsheviks put forward two principles of the new government—land for peasants and equality of peoples. These principles found a response in the broad mass of the Korean and Chinese populations in the Far East. After their victory, the Bolsheviks kept their promises. An area for ethnic Koreans, called Posiet, in the territory of the
Primorye region was created, and Koreans resided in 28 districts in three areas of the modern Primorye region. A Korean Education College was created in Nikolsk Ussuriysk-city (modern Ussuriysk-city), as well as Korean language schools, a national theater, Korean-Chinese printers and so on. Korean families usually have many children, so the Korean
population in Russia grew at a fast pace. This Korean population fell victim to the policies of deportation, which were applied to many of the non-Russian peoples of the Far East under Stalin. For many decades such
deportations were denied, and then when admitted, the documentary materials surrounding them were unavailable. However, in the 1980s with the development of greater accessibility to archives held by the Russian Federation, the stories of such difficult historical moments are once again visible and reachable. This Research Note, in particular, explores the archival material that exists in the Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF, Государственный архив Российской Федерации, State Archive of the Russian Federation) relating to the deportation of Koreans of Primorye to Uzbekistan.
Rancang Bangun Alat Pemilah Logam Berdasarkan Ukuran Menggunakan Elektropneumatik Berbasis PLC
Authors: Jaelaludin Jaelaludin , Jaya St Nawal , Aliansyah Achmad Nur
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat sebuah prototipe sistem pemilah barang logam berdasarkan ukuran tinggi dan pendek menggunakan Programmable logic control (PLC). Sensor proximity dengan tipe induktif digunakan untuk mengenali ukuran benda logam. Untuk benda logam dengan ukuran tinggi akan di simpan ke tempat penyimpanan yang ada di bagian ujung convejor sedangkan untuk benda pendek akan di dorong oleh silinder ke tempat penyimpanan yang ada di bagian samping convejor. PLC di program dengan menggunakan Bahasa ladder diagram memalui software GX Works 2. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, keseluruhan sistem mampu bekerja dengan baik dan mampu mengenali objek dengan tepat. Untuk pengembangan kedepannya prototipe dapat dilengkapi dengan tampilan antar muka agar memudahkan pengguna untuk menghitung jumlah barang yang telah dipisahkan.
Person-Centered Care for Older Adults living in Long-term care facilities: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Yee Jasmine , Ribeiro Souza Marina Celly Martins , Horta Natália de Cássia , Kartoz Constance
Published: December 2021

Person-centered care (PCC) is the empowering approach of ho-listic care that shifts from a traditional biomedical framework to one that emphasizes older adults’ personalized preferences, abilities, and strengths. This systematic literature review aimed to describe the current status of research on PCC for older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The method that conducted the search involved using 5 consistent keywords along with adding various descriptor terms to help narrow the search. A total of 18 articles were discussed in the final review after meeting all of the inclusion criteria. The results showed overall beneficial outcomes of PCC for institutionalized older adults, the importance of prioritizing residents’ preferences when implementing PCC, and perspectives of residents and staff workers on the state of PCC in their respective LTCFs, as well as what they think are barriers and facilitators. Identifying what the top shared preferences are is the first step to providing individualized PCC delivery that will improve the quality of care and quality of life for older adults living in LTCFs. Furthermore, taking into account both staff and residents’ perspectives will lead to an improved PCC climate in LTCFs that will enable better care outcomes.
Shape Optimization of Costal Cartilage Framework Fabrication Based on Finite Element Analysis for Reducing Incidence of Auricular Reconstruction Complications
Authors: Zhong Jing , Chen Suijun , Zhao Yanyan , Yin Junfeiyang , Wang Yilin , Gong Haihuan , Zhang Xueyuan , Wang Jiejie , Wu Yaobin , Huang Wenhua
Published: December 2021

Skin necrosis is the most common complication in total auricular reconstruction, which is mainly induced by vascular compromise and local stress concentration of the overlying skin. Previous studies generally emphasized the increase in the skin flap blood supply, while few reports considered the mechanical factors. However, skin injury is inevitable due to uneasily altered loads generated by the intraoperative continuous negative suction and uneven cartilage framework structure. Herein, this study aims to attain the stable design protocol of the ear cartilage framework to decrease mechanical damage and the incidence of skin necrosis. Finite element analysis was initially utilized to simulate the reconstructive process while the shape optimization technique was then adopted to optimize the three-pretested shape of the hollows inside the scapha and fossa triangularis under negative suction pressure. Finally, the optimal results would be output automatically to meet clinical requirement. Guided by the results of FE-based shape optimization, the optimum framework with the smallest holes inside the scapha and fossa triangularis was derived. Subsequent finite element analysis results also demonstrated the displacement and stress of the post-optimized model were declined 64.9 and 40.1%, respectively. The following clinical study was performed to reveal that this new design reported lower rates of skin necrosis decrease to 5.08%, as well as the cartilage disclosure decreased sharply from 14.2 to 3.39% compared to the conventional method. Both the biomechanical analysis and the clinical study confirmed that the novel design framework could effectively reduce the rates of skin necrosis, which shows important clinical significance for protecting against skin necrosis.
Triggering Drug Release and Thermal-Disrupting Interface Induced Mitigation of Composite Photothermal Hydrogel Treating Infectious Wounds
Authors: Hua Long , Qian Hu , Lei Ting , Liu Wenbin , He Xi , Hu Yihe , Lei Pengfei
Published: December 2021

Introduction: With the development of photothermal technology, the appearance of composite photothermal hydrogels has increased the selectivity of treating infectious skin defects. However, how to design composite photothermal hydrogel with better antibacterial performance, reduce the resistance rate of bacteria, and the damage rate of normal tissue still needs further study.

Methods: The Prussian blue and tannic acid were loaded on polyacrylamide hydrogels. Characterization of DLS, Zeta potential, UV absorption spectrum, hydrogel swelling rate, scanning electronic microscopic, drug release profile, photothermal properties, in vitro cytocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. Experiments were measured by skin defect repair, antibacterial detection, and histological staining experiments.

Results: The polyacrylamide hydrogel with photothermal effect and controllable release of tannic acid was successfully prepared. The hydrogel has strong light transmittance and adhesion, and the swelling rate can reach 600%, which improves the self-cleaning ability. SEM results showed the porous structure of hydrogels, promoting cell growth. Through photothermal switches, the composite hydrogel represented adjustable and controllable drug release ability. Combined with the synergistic antibacterial effect of tannic acid, this further enhanced the antibacterial ability and reduced the probability of antibiotic resistance. The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed the hydrogel had good biocompatibility and excellent antibacterial properties, which could promote the repair of infectious skin defects in SD rats.

Conclusion: We fabricated a hydrogel with a triggering drug release rate, alleviating heat damage, transparent morphology, mechanical stability, strong adhesion, good biocompatibility, and synergistic antibacterial ability, which presents new treatment options for infectious skin defect repair.
Identification of Subtypes and a Prognostic Gene Signature in Colon Cancer Using Cell Differentiation Trajectories
Authors: Xiang Renshen , Fu Jincheng , Ge Yuhang , Ren Jun , Song Wei , Fu Tao
Published: December 2021

Research on the heterogeneity of colon cancer (CC) cells is limited. This study aimed to explore the CC cell differentiation trajectory and its clinical implication and to construct a prognostic risk scoring (RS) signature based on CC differentiation-related genes (CDRGs). Cell trajectory analysis was conducted on the GSE148345 dataset, and CDRG-based molecular subtypes were identified from the GSE39582 dataset. A CDRG-based prognostic RS signature was constructed using The Cancer Genome Atlas as the training set and GSE39582 as the validation set. Two subsets with distinct differentiation states, involving 40 hub CDRGs regulated by YY1 and EGR2, were identified by single-cell RNA sequencing data, of which subset I was related to hypoxia, metabolic disorders, and inflammation, and subset II was associated with immune responses and ferroptosis. The CDRG-based molecular subtypes could successfully predict the clinical outcomes of the patients, the tumor microenvironment status, the immune infiltration status, and the potential response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. A nomogram integrating a five-CDRG-based RS signature and prognostic clinicopathological characteristics could successfully predict overall survival, with strong predictive performance and high accuracy. The study emphasizes the relevance of CC cell differentiation for predicting the prognosis and therapeutic response of patients to immunotherapy and chemotherapy and proposes a promising direction for CC treatment and clinical decision-making.
Research Progress on the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Literature Review
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Wanru , Yu Dehai , Yang Zongxing , Li Sijie , Sun Xiguang
Published: December 2021

Premature ovarian failure (POF) has become one of the main causes of infertility in women of childbearing age and the incidence of POF is increasing year by year, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of patients and increasing the economic burden on families and society as a whole. The etiology and pathogenesis of POF are complex and not very clear at present. Currently, hormone replacement therapy is mainly used to improve the symptoms of low estrogen, but cannot fundamentally solve the fertility problem. In recent years, stem cell (SC) transplantation has become one of the research hotspots in the treatment of POF. The results from animal experiments bring hope for the recovery of ovarian function and fertility in patients with POF. In this article, we searched the published literature between 2000 and 2020 from the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), and summarized the preclinical research data and possible therapeutic mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of POF. Our aim is to provide useful information for understanding POF and reference for follow-up research and treatment of POF.
Glycogenes in Oncofetal Chondroitin Sulfate Biosynthesis are Differently Expressed and Correlated With Immune Response in Placenta and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wu Zi-Yi , He Yong-Qiao , Wang Tong-Min , Yang Da-Wei , Li Dan-Hua , Deng Chang-Mi , Cao Lian-Jing , Zhang Jiang-Bo , Xue Wen-Qiong , Jia Wei-Hua
Published: December 2021

Oncofetal chondroitin sulfate expression plays an important role in the development of tumors and the pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy. However, the biosynthesis and functions of these chondroitin sulfates, particularly the tissue-specific regulation either in tumors or placenta, have not been fully elucidated. Here, by examining the glycogenes availability in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis such as xylosytransferase, chondroitin synthase, sulfotransferase, and epimerase, the conserved or differential CS glycosylation in normal, colorectal cancer (CRC), and placenta tissue were predicted. We found that the expression of seven chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic enzymes, namely B4GALT7, B3GALT6, B3GAT3, CHSY3, CHSY1, CHPF, and CHPF2, were significantly increased, while four other enzymes (XYLT1, CHST7, CHST15, and UST) were decreased in the colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) patients. In the human placenta, where the distinct chondroitin sulfate is specifically bound with VAR2CSA on Plasmodium parasite-infected RBC, eight chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis enzymes (CSGALNACT1, CSGALNACT2, CHSY3, CHSY1, CHPF, DSE, CHST11, and CHST3) were significantly higher than the normal colon tissue. The similarly up-regulated chondroitin synthases (CHSY1, CHSY3, and CHPF) in both cancer tissue and human placenta indicate an important role of the proteoglycan CS chains length for Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA protein binding. Interestingly, twelve highly expressed chondroitin sulfate enzymes were significantly correlated to worse outcomes (prognosis) in both COAD and READ. Furthermore, we showed that the levels of chondroitin sulfate enzymes are significantly correlated with the expression of immuno-regulators and immune infiltration levels in CRCs and placenta, and involved in multiple essential pathways, such as extracellular matrix organization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell adhesion. Our study provides novel insights into the oncofetal chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis regulation and identifies promising targets and biomarkers of immunotherapy for CRC and malaria in pregnancy.
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Alleviates Inflammatory Lung Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Zhang Hang , Jiang Zheyi , Shen Chuanbin , Zou Han , Zhang Zhiping , Wang Kaitao , Bai Renren , Kang Yanhua , Ye Xiang-Yang , Xie Tian
Published: December 2021

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a common reaction product during heat processing and the preparation of many types of foods and Traditional Chinese Medicine formulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of 5-HMF on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicate that 5-HMF attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice by mitigating alveolar destruction, neutrophil infiltration and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the activation of macrophages and human monocytes in response to LPS was remarkably suppressed by 5-HMF in vitro through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The inhibitory effect of 5-HMF on NLRP3 inflammasome was reversed by overexpressing ATF4 or CHOP, indicating the involvement of ER stress in the negative regulation of 5-HMF on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation. Consistent with this, the ameliorative effect of 5-HMF on in vivo pulmonary dysfunction were reversed by the ER stress inducer tunicamycin. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the anti-inflammatory and protective efficacy of 5-HMF in LPS-induced acute lung injury, and also demonstrate the key mechanism of its action against NLRP3 inflammasome-related inflammatory disorders via the inhibition of ER stress.
The Nature of Diamino Linker and Halogen Bonding Define Selectivity of Pyrrolopyrimidine-Based LIMK1 Inhibitors
Authors: Ariawan Daryl , Au Carol , Paric Esmeralda , Fath Thomas , Ke Yazi D. , Kassiou Michael , van Eersel Janet , Ittner Lars M.
Published: December 2021

The LIM-domain kinase (LIMK) family consists of two isoforms, LIMK1 and LIMK2, which are highly homologous, making selective inhibitor development challenging. LIMK regulates dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby impacting many cellular functions including cell morphology and motility. Here, we designed and synthesised analogues of a known pyrrolopyrimidine LIMK inhibitor with moderate selectivity for LIMK1 over LIMK2 to gain insights into which features contribute to both activity and selectivity. We incorporated a different stereochemistry around a cyclohexyl central moiety to achieve better selectivity for different LIMK isoforms. Inhibitory activity was assessed by kinase assays, and biological effects in cells were determined using an in vitro wound closure assay. Interestingly, a slight change in stereochemistry alters LIMK isoform selectivity. Finally, a docking study was performed to predict how the new compounds interact with the target.