bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Felicidad subjetiva después de vivir un evento traumático en personas con y sin animales de compañía
Authors: González Ramírez Mónica Teresa , Quezada-Berumen Lucía del Carmen , Landero-Hernández René
Published: May 2019

ResumenLa interacción con los animales de compañía ha resultado efectiva en la reducción de síntomas estrés postraumático, e depresión y ansiedad, consecuentes a la vivencia de un evento traumático; aunque las investigaciones sobre aspectos positivos diferenciales entre personas con y sin animales de compañía han mostrado resultados heterogéneos. Es así que el objetivo del estudio fue comparar los niveles de felicidad subjetiva entre personas con y sin animales de compañía, quienes habían enfrentado un suceso traumático en algún momento de los últimos tres años. Participaron 98 personas residentes en México, 49 tenían perro o gato cuando sucedió el evento y 49 no tenían. Su edad promedio fue 31.4 años (D.E. = 9.3), 65.3 % mujeres y 34.7 % hombres. El principal resultado indica que quienes tenían animales de compañía al momento del evento se consideran actualmente más felices que quienes no tenían. Asimismo, se encontró una correlación positiva y significativa entre felicidad y la percepción de la gente sobre la relación con el animal de compañía. Se concluye que los animales de compañía pueden ayudar a la gente a lograr un crecimiento personal posterior a un evento traumático o estresante.AbstractThe interaction with companion animals has been effective in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from the experience of a traumatic event; although research about differences in positive aspects between pet owners and non-pet owners have shown heterogeneous results. Thus, the objective of the study was to compare subjective happiness perceived between pet owners and non-owners, who had lived a traumatic event at some point in the last three years. Ninety-eight people residing in Mexico, recruited through a non-probabilistic sampling, participated. Half of them had dogs or cats when the event happened and 49 did not have it. Age mean was 31.4 years (SD = 9.3), 65.3 % women and 34.7 % men. The main result indicates that those who had companion animals at the time of the event are currently considered themselves happier than those who did not. Likewise, a positive and significant correlation was found between happiness and people's perception of the relationship with the companion animal. It is concluded that companion animals could help people achieve personal growth after a traumatic or stressful event.
Negociações coletivas de trabalho: valorização da negociação sindical
Authors: Silva Guilherme Ferreira da , BÃ¶hmer Tatiane Heinemann
Published: May 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever e apresentar os sindicatos de base, que são instituídos como organizações de representação dos interesses dos trabalhadores para atuação nos processos de negociações coletivas de trabalho, objetivando resolução dos conflitos coletivos nas organizações. A pesquisa agrega importância, no caso da administração, à expressão ‘relações de trabalho’ e identifica o sindicato como agente no processo de defesa dos interesses coletivos nestas relações ocupacionais, além de destaca a sua importância como meio de instrumentalizar a possibilidade de negociar, ampliar direitos trabalhistas mínimos garantidos e buscar a conquista por vantagens e benefícios mais favoráveis à categoria representada pelos sindicatos. Para tal, realizou-se o estudo de revisão bibliográfica, tendo essa pesquisa caráter descritivo, e buscou-se a obtenção de informações e dados coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. São apresentadas as negociações coletivas, e a sua materialização por meio de instrumentos normativos das condições de trabalho, que resultam na resolução e regulação dos conflitos, alcançando-se a sua pacificação, com o intermédio do sindicato como agente mediador, visando à valorização desse meio de negociação para a sustentabilidade das bases trabalhadoras e de suas normas pactuadas.
La función social de las bibliotecas llega al cine
Authors: Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: May 2019

El pasado abril llegó a las salas de cine estadounidenses una película que todavía no se ha estrenado en España: The Public. Con una trama ágil, The Public muestra la función social de las bibliotecas públicas. No es muy habitual encontrar películas donde las bibliotecas y/o los bibliotecarios tengan un papel relevante y mucho menos donde se exalten sus virtudes o contribución a la sociedad.
La protección de los derechos de autor ante los desafíos de la sociedad digital
Authors: Martínez Martínez Silvia
Published: May 2019

El pasado mes de abril el Consejo de la UE adoptaba la conocida como Directiva del Copyright que pretende establecer un marco de garantía de protección de los derechos de los autores en el contexto actual. Su tramitación no ha estado exenta de polémicas y enfrentamientos por la forma en la que plantea dar respuesta a los retos que la sociedad digital presenta a la hora de respetar la propiedad intelectual. Los opositores a las indicaciones marcadas desde la Directiva solo pueden ahora hacer presión para incidir en la forma en que cada Estado miembro transpone esta norma al derecho nacional.
Ramification has little impact on shoot hydraulic efficiency in the sexually dimorphic genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae)
Authors: Roddy Adam B. , van Blerk Justin J. , Midgley Jeremy J. , West Adam G.
Published: May 2019

Despite the diversity of branching architectures in plants, the impact of this morphological variation on hydraulic efficiency has been poorly studied. Branch junctions are commonly thought to be points of high hydraulic resistance, but adjustments in leaf area or xylem conduit abundance or dimensions could compensate for the additional hydraulic resistance of nodal junctions at the level of the entire shoot. Here we used the sexually dimorphic genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae) to test whether variation in branch ramification impacts shoot hydraulic efficiency. We found that branch ramification was related to leaf traits via Corner’s rules such that more highly ramified shoots had smaller leaves, but that branch ramification had little consistent impact on shoot hydraulic efficiency, whether measured on a leaf area or stem cross-sectional area basis. These results suggest that the presumed increase in resistance associated with branching nodes can be compensated by other adjustments at the shoot level (e.g. leaf area adjustments, increased ramification to add additional branches in parallel rather than in series) that maintain hydraulic efficiency at the level of the entire shoot. Despite large morphological differences between males and females in the genus Leucadendron, which are due to differences in pollination and reproduction between the sexes, the physiological differences between males and females are minimal.
Unilateral hamstring foam rolling does not impair strength but the rate of force development of the contralateral muscle
Authors: Ye Xin , Killen Benjamin S. , Zelizney Krista L. , Miller William M. , Jeon Sunggun
Published: May 2019

Background

Self-administered foam rolling (SAFR) is an effective massage technique often used in sport and rehabilitation settings to improve range of motion (ROM) without impairing the strength performance. However, the effects of unilateral SAFR on contralateral non-intervened muscle’s rate of force development (RFD) are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of unilateral hamstrings SAFR on the contralateral limb flexibility, the isometric strength, and the RFD parameters.

Methods

Thirty-four subjects (21 women) completed two separate randomly sequenced experimental visits, during which the control (rested for 10 min) or ten, 30-second SAFR were performed with the dominant hamstring muscle group. Before (Pre) and after (Post) the interventions, the contralateral hip flexion passive ROM, the maximal explosive isometric strength of the contralateral knee flexors with the corresponding prime mover muscles’ surface electromyographic (EMG) amplitude were measured. Separate two-way (time ×intervention) repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to examine the potential changes of the dependent variables.

Results

The SAFR significantly improved the contralateral limb ROM (Pre vs. Post: 68.3 ± 21.0 vs. 73.2 ± 23.2 degrees, p < 0.001; d = 0.22). No change was found for the contralateral isometric strength or the maximal EMG amplitude. For the RFD parameters, the percent changes of the RFDs for the first 50, 100, and 200 ms of the maximal explosive isometric contraction were −31.2%, −16.8%, and −10.1%, respectively, following the unilateral SAFR, relative to the control condition. In addition, the decrement of the first 50-ms RFD reached statistical significance (p = 0.007; Cohen’s d = 0.44).

Conclusion

Ten sets of 30-second unilateral hamstring SAFR improved the ROM of the non-intervened contralateral limb, but decreased its ability to generate force, especially during the early phase (e.g., 50 ms) of the maximal explosive contraction.
Non‐blind lineup administration biases administrators' interpretations of ambiguous witness statements and their perceptions of the witness
Authors: Charman Steve D. , Matuku Kureva , Mook Alexis
Published: May 2019

Administering lineups “blind”—whereby the administrator does not know the identity of the suspect—is considered part of best practices for lineups. The current study tests whether non‐blind lineup administrators would evaluate ambiguous eyewitness statements, and the witness himself or herself, in a manner consistent with their beliefs. College students (n = 219) were told the identity of the suspect or not before administering a lineup to a confederate‐witness who made an ambiguous response (e.g., “it could be #3 but I'm not sure”). When ambiguous witness statements matched administrators' beliefs regarding the suspect (compared with when they mismatched administrators' beliefs, or administrators had no belief), administrators (a) were significantly more likely to record the statement as an identification (as opposed to a “not sure” response); (b) were significantly less likely to make statements that might lead the witness away from the suspect; and (c) evaluated the witness's viewing conditions significantly more positively.
Tunable and Reversible Gelatin‐Based Bonding for Microfluidic Cell Culture
Authors: Pitingolo Gabriele , Riaud Antoine , Nastruzzi Claudio , Taly Valerie
Published: May 2019

The development of novel bonding techniques could enable new applications and uses of plastics in microfluidic cell culture, complementing the omnipresent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In this respect, the present paper describes a reversible gelatin‐based method (named GEL‐D) for bonding microfluidic chip parts, constituted of different materials. The herein introduced method enables the bonding of the most of the commonly used materials in microfluidics such as PMMA, PDMS, glass and NOA. Notably, the fabricated chips resist to pressure up to 0.7 MPa, to organic solvent exposure and temperature up to 70 °C. To show the versatility of the described method, microchips with different sizes, materials, and geometries were bonded, including microchannel down to 200 µm (width x depth) and round microstructures. The bonded chips are suitable to microfluidic cell culture procedures, including formation of microtissues, cells viability analysis and confocal microscopy. Therefore, the room‐temperature bonding method appear to be highly efficient for cell culture on plastic chips, where in situ analysis of the seeded cells is required after microchip de‐bonding.
Design of Heterostructured Hollow Photocatalysts for Solar‐to‐Chemical Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhang Peng , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: May 2019

Direct conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in a sustainable manner is one of the most promising solutions to the energy crisis and environmental issues. Fabrication of highly active photocatalysts is of great significance for the practical applications of efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion systems. Among various photocatalytic materials, semiconductor‐based heterostructured photocatalysts with hollow features show distinct advantages. Recent research efforts on rational design of heterostructured hollow photocatalysts toward photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction are presented. First, both single‐shelled and multishelled heterostructured photocatalysts are surveyed. Then, heterostructured hollow photocatalysts with tube‐like and frame‐like morphologies are discussed. It is intended that further innovative works on the material design of high‐performance photocatalysts for solar energy utilization can be inspired.
Advances and Prospects of Sulfide All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries via One‐to‐One Comparison with Conventional Liquid Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Hyomyung , Oh Pilgun , Kim Junhyeok , Cha Hyungyeon , Chae Sujong , Lee Sanghan , Cho Jaephil
Published: May 2019

Owing to the safety issue of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) under the harsh operating conditions of electric vehicles and mobile devices, all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) that utilize inorganic solid electrolytes are regarded as a secure next‐generation battery system. Significant efforts are devoted to developing each component of ASSLBs, such as the solid electrolyte and the active materials, which have led to considerable improvements in their electrochemical properties. Among the various solid electrolytes such as sulfide, polymer, and oxide, the sulfide solid electrolyte is considered as the most promising candidate for commercialization because of its high lithium ion conductivity and mechanical properties. However, the disparity in energy and power density between the current sulfide ASSLBs and conventional LIBs is still wide, owing to a lack of understanding of the battery electrode system. Representative developments of ASSLBs in terms of the sulfide solid electrolyte, active materials, and electrode engineering are presented with emphasis on the current status of their electrochemical performances, compared to those of LIBs. As a rational method to realizing high energy sulfide ASSLBs, the requirements for the sulfide solid electrolytes and active materials are provided along through simple experimental demonstrations. Potential future research directions in the development of commercially viable sulfide ASSLBs are suggested.
Nanostructured Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Applications in Harsh Environments Fabricated via Nanosecond Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) in Indium–Tin Oxide Films on Glass
Authors: Reinhardt Hendrik Martin , Maier Philipp , Kim Hee‐Cheol , Rhinow Daniel , Hampp Norbert
Published: May 2019

A self‐organization phenomenon named laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) is utilized for pattern formation in indium–tin oxide (ITO) transparent conductive films coated on borosilicate glass. Stripe patterns with periodicities down to 175 nm are created by scanning the focused beam (30 µm spot diameter 1 e−2) of a nanosecond pulsed laser operating at 532 nm wavelength over ITO films. Highly ordered ITO‐LIPSS are generated at a pulse duration of 6 ns, pulse frequencies between 100 and 200 kHz, pulse energies around 20 µJ, and laser spot scan speeds in the range of 50–80 mm s−1. Resulting nanopatterns are electrically conductive and feature improved optical transparency as well as stability against strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and even aqua regia. The formation of mixed phases between ITO and silicon is considered to be the origin for the chemical robustness of laser patterned transparent conductive electrodes.
Mild Iridium‐Catalysed Isomerization of Epoxides. Computational Insights and Application to the Synthesis of β‐Alkyl Amines
Authors: Cabré Albert , Cabezas‐Giménez Juanjo , Sciortino Giuseppe , Ujaque Gregori , Verdaguer Xavier , Lledós Agustí , Riera Antoni
Published: May 2019

The isomerization of epoxides to aldehydes using the readily available Crabtree's reagent is described. The aldehydes were transformed into synthetically useful amines by a one‐pot reductive amination using pyrrolidine as imine‐formation catalyst. The reactions worked with low catalyst loadings in very mild conditions. The procedure is operationally simple and tolerates a wide range of functional groups. A DFT study of its mechanism is presented showing that the isomerization takes place via an iridium hydride mechanism with a low energy barrier, in agreement with the mild reaction conditions.

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Highly Polarized Photoelectrical Response in vdW ZrS3 Nanoribbons
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Wu Kedi , Blei Mark , Wang Yang , Pan Longfei , Zhao Kai , Shan Chongxin , Lei Ming , Cui Yu , Chen Bin , Wright David , Hu Weida , Tongay Sefaattin , Wei Zhongming
Published: May 2019

2D anisotropic materials, such as black phosphorus, ReS2, and GaTe, have been shown to exhibit exciting direction‐ and polarization‐sensitive material properties. Highly crystalline chemical‐vapor‐transport‐grown ZrS3 crystals exhibit large optical‐absorption‐coefficient anisotropy, which doubles under resonance conditions. The observed optical anisotropy manifests itself in angle‐resolved photocurrent density polar plots with dichroic ratio (Ipb/Ipa) of 1.73 excited by a laser source of λ = 450 nm and 1.14 by λ = 532 nm. The optical absorption and electronic dichroic response are fully explained through detailed band structure and polarization‐sensitive optical‐absorption‐spectrum calculations. Not only is the family of 2D anisotropic semiconductors expanded into Zr‐based trichalcogenides but fundamental insights on how crystalline anisotropy, optical absorption dichroism, and generated photocurrents are interrelated in van der Waals Zr‐based trichalcogenides materials are also provided.
Asymmetric Cα‐Alkylation of Pipecolic Acid via Curtin‐Hammett Controlled Diastereoselective N‐Alkylation
Authors: Cho Hyunkyung , Jung Jaehyun , Kim Jinju , Park Soojun , Kim Sanghee
Published: May 2019

An efficient asymmetric synthetic approach for the synthesis of Cα‐substituted pipecolic acid has been investigated through utilizing an N‐fused bicyclic system. Despite the fluxionality of the pipecolic imidazolidinone, N‐alkylation proceeded in high yield with excellent selectivity. The subsequent [2,3]‐Stevens rearrangement afforded Cα‐substituted pipecolic acid derivatives successfully. The computational study revealed that the diastereoselectivity during N‐alkylation is governed by Curtin‐Hammett kinetics.
Anti‐CRISPRs: The natural inhibitors for CRISPR‐Cas systems
Authors: Zhang Fei , Song Guoxu , Tian Yong
Published: May 2019

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)‐Cas (CRISPR associated protein) systems serve as the adaptive immune system by which prokaryotes defend themselves against phages. It has also been developed into a series of powerful gene‐editing tools. As the natural inhibitors of CRISPR‐Cas systems, anti‐CRISPRs (Acrs) can be used as the “off‐switch” for CRISPR‐Cas systems to limit the off‐target effects caused by Cas9. Since the discovery of CRISPR‐Cas systems, much research has focused on the identification, mechanisms and applications of Acrs. In light of the rapid development and scientific significance of this field, this review summarizes the history and research status of Acrs, and considers future applications.
Linear‐Dendritic Alternating Copolymers
Authors: Sun Haotian , Haque Farihah M. , Zhang Yi , Commisso Alex , Mohamed Mohamed Alaa , Tsianou Marina , Cui Honggang , Grayson Scott M. , Cheng Chong
Published: May 2019

Herein, the design, synthesis, and characterization of an unprecedented copolymer consisting of alternating linear and dendritic segments is described. First, a 4th‐generation Hawker‐type dendron with two azide groups was synthesized, followed by a step‐growth azide‐alkyne “click” reaction between the 4th‐generation diazido dendron and poly(ethylene glycol) diacetylene to create the target polymers. Unequal reactivity of the functional groups was observed in the step‐growth polymerization. The resulting copolymers, with alternating hydrophilic linear and hydrophobic dendritic segments, can spontaneously associate into a unique type of microphase‐segregated nanorods in water.
Modifying the Thioester Linkage Affects the Structure of the Acyl Carrier Protein
Authors: Sztain Terra , Patel Ashay , Lee D. John , Davis Tony D. , McCammon J. Andrew , Burkart Michael D.
Published: May 2019

At the center of many complex biosynthetic pathways, the acyl carrier protein (ACP) shuttles substrates to appropriate enzymatic partners to produce fatty acids and polyketides. Carrier proteins covalently tether their cargo via a thioester linkage to a phosphopantetheine cofactor. Due to the labile nature of this linkage, chemoenzymatic methods have been developed that involve replacement of the thioester with a more stable amide or ester bond. We explored the importance of the thioester bond to the structure of the carrier protein by using solution NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Remarkably, the replacement of sulfur with other heteroatoms results in significant structural changes, thus suggesting more rigorous selections of isosteric substitutes is needed.
Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of α‐Bromo Carboxamides and Aryl Boronic Acids
Authors: Li Bowen , Li Tiejun , Aliyu Muinat A. , Li Zhen Hua , Tang Wenjun
Published: May 2019

We herein report an enantioselective palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling between α‐bromo carboxamides and aryl boronic acids, generating a series of chiral α‐aryl carboxamides in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. The development of a chiral P,P=O ligand was critical in overcoming the second transmetalation issue and allows the first asymmetric palladium‐catalyzed coupling of α‐bromo carbonyl compounds.
Development of nanomaterial chemosensors for toxic metal ions sensing
Authors: Fayed Tarek A. , El‐Nahass Marwa N. , El‐Daly Hosny A. , Shokry Amal A.
Published: May 2019

Heavy metal ions are harmful to aquatic life and humans owing to their high toxicity and non‐biodegradability, so their removal from wastewater is an important task. Therefore, this work focuses on designing suitable, simple and economical nanosensors to detect and remove these metal ions with high selectivity and sensitivity. Based on this idea, different types of mesoporous materials such as hexagonal SBA‐15, cubic SBA‐16 and spherical MCM‐41, their chloro‐functionalized derivatives, as well as 4‐(4‐nitro‐phenylazo)‐naphthalen‐1‐ol (NPAN) azo dye have been synthesized, with the aim of designing some optical nanosensors for metal ions sensing applications. The mentioned azo dye has been anchored into the chloro‐functionalized mesoporous materials. The designed nanosensors were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as Fourier transform infrared and UV–visible spectral analysis, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, low‐angle X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses. Their optical sensing to various toxic metal ions such as Cd (II), Hg (II), Mn (II), Fe (II), Zn (II) and Pb (II) at different values of pH (1.1, 4.9, 7 and 12) was investigated. The optimization of experimental conditions, including the effect of pH and metal ion concentration, was examined. The experimental results showed that the solution pH had a major impact on metal ion detection. The optical nanosensors respond well to the tested metal ions, as reflected by the enhancement in both absorption and emission spectra upon adding different concentrations of the metal salts and were fully reversible on adding ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid or citric acid to the formed complexes. High values of the binding constants for the designed nanosensors were observed at pHs 7 and 12, confirming the strong chelation of different metals to the nanosensor at these pHs. Also, high binding constants and sensitivity were observed for NPAN‐MCM‐41 as a nanosensor to detect the different metal ions. From the obtained results, we succeeded in transforming the harmful azo dye into an environmentally friendly form via designing of the optical nanosensors used to detect toxic metal ions in wastewater with high sensitivity.
Iron (III)‐porphyrin Complex FeTSPP as an efficient catalyst for synthesis of tetrazole derivatives via [2 + 3]cycloaddition reaction in aqueous medium
Authors: El‐Remaily Mahmoud Abd El Aleem Ali Ali , Elhady O.M.
Published: May 2019

The metal complex (5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(4‐sulfonatophenyl)‐porphyrin‐iron (III) chloride (FeTSPP) was new employed in an environmentally benign protocol as an efficient catalyst for a “click” chemistry approach for the synthesis of tetrazole and guanindinyltetrazole derivatives via [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of nitriles and azide derivatives in aqueous medium. The synthesized compounds were obtained in excellent yield, short reaction times and a recoverable catalyst.
Palladium nanoparticles embedded chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite nanofibers as an efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst for Heck reaction
Authors: Ye Zeyu , Zhang Benben , Shao Linjun , Xing Guiying , Qi Chenze , Tao Hongyu
Published: May 2019

In this study, palladium nanoparticles were successfully embedded into modified chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite nanofibers (Pd‐CS/PVA nanofibers) by electrospinning. Then, the Pd‐CS/PVA nanofibers were treated at evaluated temperature to improve its solvent resistance andin situreduce Pd2+cations into Pd0active species. The incorporated palladium nanoparticles with ultra small mean diameter of 3.73 ± 1.04 nm are evenly distributed inside the Pd‐CS/PVA nanofiber. The resulting Pd‐CS/PVA nanofiber mat exhibits high catalytic activity for Heck reaction of aromatic iodides with alkenes and can be recycled for 18 times without loss of initial activity. The high catalytic activity and stability of Pd‐CS/PVA nanofiber mat can be attributed to the ultra small diameter nanofibers, strong chelating ability of chitosan, and fine embedment of palladium species inside the nanofiber. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48026.
Synergistic modification of carbon fiber by electrochemical oxidation and sizing treatment and its effect on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Wu Bo , Zheng Guo , Wang Rui , Zhou Cun , Hu Yunjie , Lv Jingcheng
Published: May 2019

In this article, The CF surface was modified by the synergistic modification of electrochemical oxidation and sizing treatment. Firstly, the electrochemical oxidation was carried out using fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate (AEOPK) as the electrolyte. The content of active groups on the modified CF surface increased by 235%. However, the strength of CF monofilament decreased due to the etching. Then, the electrochemically oxidized CFs were sized with the phosphate modified epoxy resin (PAEK). The etched defects on CF surface caused by the electrochemical oxidation were repaired by sizing agent molecules according to the AFM results. Furthermore, the spreadability of PAEK emulsion on the CF surface, the content of CF surface groups and the interaction of CFRC were characterized by using the monofilament contact angle, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The results suggested that the synergistic modification could improve the CF surface activity, facilitate the spreading of PAEK on the CF surface, and increase the interaction between the CFs and the resin matrix. There were 20.3 and 22.6% enhancement in the breaking strength and elongation of CF monofilament. In addition, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CFRC prepared with synergistically modified CFs was increased from 12.81 to 33.04 MPa. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48028.
Incident Response: Practice Makes Perfect
Authors: Beck Susan , Uppu Priyanka , Kopansky Rita , Golembeski James E. , Black Stacey , Burlingame Gary A.
Published: May 2019

After the philadelphia water department developed an effective system for responding to contamination incidents, it recognized the importance of continued training to keep staff and response partners optimally prepared.
Evaluating Water Distribution System Response to Emergency Events
Authors: Chenevey Ben
Published: May 2019

Predictive water distribution system modeling technologies can help utilities prepare for and respond quickly to a variety of potential hydraulic emergencies.
Biosorption of cadmium by potential probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus using in vitro digestion model
Authors: Le Bao , Yang Seung Hwan
Published: May 2019

An exponential increase of heavy metal toxicant in the human body is a growing health‐related problem. In the present study, Pediococcus pentosaceus FB145 and FB181 strains were isolated from fermented seafood and served as highly Cd‐resistant strains. The unchanged structural cells of P. pentosaceus strains after treatment with Cd cations were investigated using a scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. Furthermore, both P. pentosaceus strains showed strong human gastrointestinal tract resistance properties. The Cd biosorption results fit the pseudo–second‐order kinetics with capacities for P. pentosaceus FB145 and FB181 for Cd were 52.8 and 50.3 mg/g, respectively, whereas the maximum biosorption capacities were 52.65 and 50.35 mg/g, respectively. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. The binding of Cd to bacterial cells may be caused by the presence of different functional groups such as carboxyl, amide, and phosphate on cell surface, which was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance spectra. Moreover, these strains decreased the Cd bioaccessibility by 44.7–46.8% in the in vitro digestion model. These findings indicate that P. pentosaceus FB145 and FB181 are novel potent biosorbent for preventing cadmium toxicity and reducing its absorption into the human body.
Untersuchung des Zug‐ und Verbundverhaltens von Basaltfaserverstärkter Kunststoff‐Stabbewehrung in Beton
Authors: Wolf Benjamin , Glomb Daniel Sebastian , Kustermann Andrea , Dauberschmidt Christoph
Published: May 2019

Bei der Instandsetzung von Stahlbetonbauteilen muss, um die Dauerhaftigkeit sicherzustellen, die Betondeckung hinreichend groß gewählt werden. Der Einsatz alternativer Bewehrungsmaterialien wie z. B. Basalt als Faserverbundstab bietet durch die Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegenüber Karbonatisierung und Chlorideinwirkung die Möglichkeit, die Betondeckung zur Sicherstellung der Dauerhaftigkeit zu minimieren und gleichzeitig korrosionsresistente Bauteile zu erstellen. Nachfolgend werden – als Auszug aus einem Forschungsprojekt zur Untersuchung zur Instandsetzung von Sichtbetonfassadenelementen mittels Basaltstabbewehrung und Spritzbeton – Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten von basaltbewehrten Verbundkörpern präsentiert. Die geprüften „Basaltfaserverstärkten Kunststoff‐Bewehrungsstäbe“ (BFVK‐Stab) weisen am reinen Stab höhere Zugfestigkeiten bei geringeren E‐Moduln als vergleichbare Betonstähle auf. Im zentrischen Zugversuch an bewehrten Betonknochenproben zeigen sich bei den Prüfkörpern mit der BFVK‐Stabbewehrung Längsrisse infolge hoher Spannungen im Verbundbereich sowie eine höhere Anzahl an breiteren Querrissen als im betonstahlbewehrten Referenzprüfkörper. Mithilfe numerischer Simulationen kann das Zug‐Verformungsverhalten der Prüfkörper gut nachgebildet werden. Bei der lichtmikroskopischen Untersuchung präparierter Prüfkörper nach der Zugprüfung zeigten sich verstärkt Mikrorisse, ausgehend von der Kontaktzone zwischen BFVK‐Stab zur Betonmatrix. Bei den Auszugsversuchen versagte stets der Beton, nicht die BFVK‐Stabbewehrung.

Die Untersuchungsergebnisse belegen, dass der Einsatz von Basaltstabbewehrung in Beton die Herstellung dauerhafter Bauteile mit geringen Betondeckungen ermöglicht. Weitere Versuche wurden bereits zum Biegetragverhalten, zur Dauerschwingfestigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit durchgeführt. Derzeit werden weitere Basaltbewehrungsstäbe anderer Geometrien untersucht.
Comparison of microbial and transient expression (tobacco plants and plant‐cell packs) for the production and purification of the anticancer mistletoe lectin viscumin
Authors: Gengenbach Benjamin B. , Keil Linda L. , Opdensteinen Patrick , Müschen Catherine R. , Melmer Georg , Lentzen Hans , Bührmann Jens , Buyel Johannes F.
Published: May 2019

Cancer is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Cancer therapy often involves monoclonal antibodies or small‐molecule drugs, but carbohydrate‐binding lectins such as mistletoe (Viscum album) viscumin offer a potential alternative treatment strategy. Viscumin is toxic in mammalian cells, ruling them out as an efficient production system, and it forms inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli such that purification requires complex and lengthy refolding steps. We therefore investigated the transient expression of viscumin in intact Nicotiana benthamiana plants and Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow 2 plant‐cell packs (PCPs), comparing a full‐length viscumin gene construct to separate constructs for the A and B chains. As determined by capillary electrophoresis the maximum yield of purified heterodimeric viscumin in N. benthamiana was ~7 mg/kg fresh biomass with the full‐length construct. The yield was about 50% higher in PCPs but reduced 10‐fold when coexpressing A and B chains as individual polypeptides. Using a single‐step lactosyl‐Sepharose affinity resin, we purified viscumin to ~54%. The absence of refolding steps resulted in estimated cost savings of more than 80% when transient expression in tobacco was compared with E. coli. Furthermore, the plant‐derived product was ~3‐fold more toxic than the bacterially produced counterpart. We conclude that plants offer a suitable alternative for the production of complex biopharmaceutical proteins that are toxic to mammalian cells and that form inclusion bodies in bacteria.
Investigating cultural aspects in the fundamental diagram using convolutional neural networks and virtual agent simulation
Authors: Migon Favaretto Rodolfo , Rosa dos Santos Roberto , Raupp Musse Soraia , Vilanova Felipe , Brandelli Costa Angelo
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a study, organized in two phases, regarding group behavior in a controlled experiment focused on differences in an important attribute that vary across cultures—personal spaces. First, we want to study and compare the spatial behavior different populations adopt with respect to their personal space. Second, we want to use simulation of virtual agents to artificially generate movements of people in similar situations and validate them using real video sequences. Our main goal is to be able to extract from video sequences and then simulate variations in populations in a coherent way with literature that studies cultural aspects. In addition to the cultural aspects, we also investigate the personality model in the studied videos using OCEAN (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism). Finally, we propose a way to simulate the fundamental diagram experiment from other countries using the OCEAN psychological trait model as input. Results indicate that the simulated countries have consistent characteristics with the expected literature.
Procedural‐related coronary atrial branch occlusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction and atrial arrhythmias at follow‐up
Authors: Montero Cabezas José M. , Abou Rachid , Goedemans Laurien , Agüero Jaume , Schalij Martin J. , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Fuster Valentín , Ibáñez Borja , Bax Jeroen J. , Delgado Victoria
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the frequency of procedural‐related atrial branch occlusion in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and its association with atrial arrhythmias at 1‐year follow‐up.

Background

Atrial ischemia due to procedural‐related coronary atrial branch occlusion in elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been associated with atrial arrhythmias. Its role in a STEMI scenario is unknown.

Methods

STEMI patients treated with primary PCI were classified according to the loss or patency of an atrial branch at the end of the procedure. The occurrence of atrial arrhythmias was documented on 24‐hr Holter‐ECG at 3 and 6 months or on ECG during 1‐year follow‐up visits.

Results

Of 900 patients, 355 (age 61 ± 12 years, 79% male) underwent primary PCI involving the origin of an atrial branch. Procedural‐related coronary atrial branch occlusion was observed in 18 (5%) individuals). During 1‐year follow‐up, 33% of patients with procedural‐related atrial branch occlusion presented atrial arrhythmias, as compared with 55% in those with a patent atrial branch (p = .088). Age, no previous history of myocardial infarction, and a reduced flow in the culprit vessel were the only independent correlates of atrial arrhythmias.

Conclusions

The frequency of procedural‐related atrial branch occlusion during primary PCI is low (5%) and is not associated with increased frequency of atrial arrhythmias at 1‐year follow‐up.
Case report and systematic review of iatrogenic left atrial dissection in different cardiovascular specialties: A common treatment for an uncommon complication?
Authors: Cereda Alberto Francesco , De Luca Fabio , Lanzone Alberto M. , Cottini Marzia , Pastori Luca , Sangiorgi Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Left atrial dissection (LatD) is a rare and heterogeneous condition affecting many cardiovascular areas. The present article, by the means of personal case report illustration and systemic review of different clinical management, is aimed to give to clinicians further knowledge on this controversial topic.

Background

LatD is an exceedingly rare but potentially fatal complication of cardiac surgery or catheter‐based interventional procedures. Most of the cases are iatrogenic and its incidence is expected to grow due to an increase in the number of percutaneous coronary intervention and structural heart disease procedures. The management of this complication is controversial, and it may depend on related etiologies.

Methods

We have reported our single‐case experience and review of the scientific literature, focusing on the decision‐making process and the strategical approach by multimodality imaging techniques.

Results

Our case of LatD with initial hemodynamic instability was surgically treated. Conservative approach is often employed in literature despite the fact that conservative versus surgical approach is debatable, depending on clinical presentation, hemodynamic stability, multimodal imaging findings, and personal experience of the center.

Conclusions

According to systematic literature review, a watchful‐waiting strategy supported by multimodality imaging could be a safe and effective management in stable LatD.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclic and Linear Acetals by the Combined Utilization of CO2, H2, and Biomass Derived Diols
Authors: Beydoun Kassem , Klankermayer Jürgen
Published: May 2019

Herein a transition‐metal catalyst system for the selective synthesis of cyclic and linear acetals from the combined utilization of carbon dioxide, molecular hydrogen, and biomass derived diols is presented. Detailed investigations on the substrate scope enabled the selectivity of the reaction to be largely guided and demonstrated the possibility of integrating a broad variety of substrate molecules. This approach allowed a change between the favored formation of cyclic acetals and linear acetals, originating from the bridging of two diols with a carbon‐dioxide based methylene unit. This new synthesis option paves the way to novel fuels, solvents, or polymer building blocks, by the recently established “bio‐hybrid” approach of integrating renewable energy, carbon dioxide, and biomass in a direct catalytic transformation.
Formal Halo‐Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement of Propargylic Acetates through a Novel Intermediate and an Unexampled Mechanistic Pathway
Authors: Sadhukhan Santu , Baire Beeraiah
Published: May 2019

A formal, highly stereoselective halo‐Meyer–Schuster rearrangement of inactivated propargylic acetates to (Z)‐α‐haloenones has been reported, under metal free conditions. This cascade process involves a new class of intermediate, i.e., α,α‐dihalo‐β‐acetoxyketones and mechanism to generate the α‐haloenones, employing water as Lewis base. The outcome of the reaction is temperature‐dependent, as room temperature, selectively provides α,α‐dihalo‐β‐acetoxyketones whereas reactions at 100 °C give direct access to α‐haloenones. Either type of product can be obtained in excellent yield. A suitable rationale for the observed highZ‐selectivity for α‐haloenones (based on conformational population) and distinct reaction rates for variousN‐halosuccinimide (NXS) reagents (based on C−X bond strengths) has also been provided.
One‐Step Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted 2‐Oxazolidinones by Base‐Catalyzed CO2 Fixation and Aza‐Michael Addition
Authors: Mannisto Jere K. , Sahari Aleksi , Lagerblom Kalle , Niemi Teemu , Nieger Martin , Sztanó Gábor , Repo Timo
Published: May 2019

2‐Oxazolidinones are saturated heterocyclic compounds, which are highly attractive targets in modern drug design. Herein, we describe a new, single‐step approach to 3,4‐disubstituted 2‐oxazolidinones by aza‐Michael addition using CO2 as a carbonyl source and 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidine (TMG) as a catalyst. The modular reaction, which occurs between a γ‐brominated Michael acceptor, CO2 and an arylamine, aliphatic amine or phenylhydrazine, is performed under mild conditions. The regiospecific reaction displays good yields (av. 75 %) and excellent functional‐group compatibility. In addition, late‐stage functionalization of drug and drug‐like molecules is demonstrated. The experimental results suggest a mechanism consisting of several elementary steps: TMG‐assisted carboxylation of aniline; generation of an O‐alkyl carbamate; and the final ring‐forming step through an intramolecular aza‐Michael addition.
The relationship between T‐helper cell polarization and the RANKL/OPG ratio in gingival tissues from chronic periodontitis patients
Authors: Bi Chun‐Sheng , Sun Li‐Juan , Qu Hong‐Lei , Chen Fang , Tian Bei‐Min , Chen Fa‐Ming
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammation‐related T‐helper cell polarization and the receptor activator for nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio, which is associated with bone resorption or remodeling of chronic periodontitis patients. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissues were obtained from periodontally healthy individuals (PH group) and chronic periodontitis patients (CP group). The GCF levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐17, and IL‐10 linked to T‐helper cell polarization toward the Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg phenotypes, respectively, were determined by ELISA. The expression levels of these cytokines and the polarized T‐helper cells in gingival tissues were assessed through immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, the RANKL and OPG expression levels in gingival tissues were detected by immunohistochemical assays, and linear regression analysis was used to identify the potential relationship between T‐helper cell polarization and the RANKL/OPG ratio. In total, 22 individuals and 35 patients were enrolled in the present study. In both GCF and gingival tissues, increased levels of IL‐17 and the decreased levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 were observed in the CP group. When polarized T‐helper cells were identified in gingival tissues, more Th1 and Th17 cells were found in the CP group, whereas more Th2 and Treg cells were found in the PH group. Although there was no significant difference in OPG expression between the two groups, the RANKL/OPG ratio in the CP group was higher than that in the PH group. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of more Th1 and Th17 cells correlated with a higher RANKL/OPG ratio, whereas the presence of more Th2 cells correlated with a lower RANKL/OPG ratio. Th1 and Th17 cells are positively correlated and Th2 cells are negatively correlated with the RANKL/OPG ratio. Our data suggest that T‐helper cell polarization is closely linked to the RANKL/OPG ratio in gingival tissues from chronic periodontitis patients.
Evaluation of coupling coordination degree between urban rail transit and land use
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Wang Jin
Published: May 2019

In order to analyze rail transit‐land use system from multiple angles and aspects, this paper proposed a new evaluation index system, which can assess the extent of coordination between urban rail transit and land use. First, the index system which reflected the developmental level of urban rail transit and land use system was structured by system theory. Then, according to efficacy function, the comprehensive development level of rail transit system and land use system was calculated, thus constructing the coupling coordination degree model. And quantitative analyses of the coordination of rail transit‐land use system in Shanghai city were conducted through comprehensive development index and coupling coordination degree proceeding from time series. It was found that the integrated developmental level of urban rail transit system and land use system in Shanghai city rose steadily, and the coupling interaction effect of two systems was obvious. Meanwhile, the sequential change presents different phases and undulations. In 2000 to 2004, the synergistic effect of rail transit system and land use system was weak as the disorder stage. In 2005 to 2006, the synergistic effect began to appear. In 2007 to 2010, the interactive effect increased as the coordination stage, but the overall coupling coordination grade was still low. The conclusion indicated that it is also necessary to reasonably increase the level of rail transit construction and land use development to promote the harmonious development of Shanghai rail transit and land use system from primary coordination to good quality.
The Ha‐ROXL gene is required for initiation of axillary and floral meristems in sunflower
Authors: Basile Alice , Fambrini Marco , Tani Camilla , Shukla Vinay , Licausi Francesco , Pugliesi Claudio
Published: May 2019

Axillary meristems (AMs) contribute to the growth of a plant, determining adult architecture and reproductive success in response to environmental stimuli. The missing flowers (mf) mutant of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is defective in AM development. mf lacks shoot branching and ray flowers, occasionally producing few disk flowers. Here we demonstrated that a point mutation in the REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM FORMATION‐LIKE (Ha‐ROXL) gene of mf generates a premature stop codon and therefore a nonfunctional bHLH transcription factor, no longer localized in the nucleus, where it should exert its function. Virus‐induced gene silencing of Ha‐ROXL also causes defects in disk and ray flower development. Ha‐ROXL mRNA accumulates at the adaxial boundaries of leaves and AMs. During inflorescence development, Ha‐ROXL is expressed in small arcs of cells before a clear separation between abaxial bracts and disk flower primordia. No Ha‐ROXL mRNA accumulates in mf inflorescences. Several genes known to play roles in plant architecture, auxin transport, and flower development are differentially expressed in mf and Ha‐ROXL‐silenced plants. These results highlight the predominant role of Ha‐ROXL in regulating AMs in sunflower. In dicot, mf is the first mutant for which the ROXL gene is also required for initiation of flower meristems.