bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (PERHYDROL) APPLICATION FOR THE RECURRENCE PREVENTION AFTER HYDATID CYSTECTOMY FOR HEPATIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS
Authors:   Department of General Surgery № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, GULOV M.K. , DZHABOROV A.I. ,   Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, ABDULLOEV S.M. ,   Central Research Laboratory, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, ASHUROV A.S. ,   Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, ALI-ZADE S.G ,   Department of Surgical Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: March 2023

Objective: Experimental and histological justification of the use of perhydrol to treat the residual cavity (RC) and recurrence prevention after hydatid cystectomy for hepatic echinococcosis (HE) Methods: The results of surgical treatment of 85 patients with HE were evaluated between 2010 and 2019. In all patients after hydatid cystectomy, RCs were treated with 33% perhydrol. The scolicidal activity of 33% perhydrol was tested in vitro when the latter acted on protoscoleces obtained during the operation. In addition, a histological examination of the fibrous capsule (FC) was performed before and after RC treatment with a perhydrol solution. Results: Following exposure to perhydrol, the protoscolices lost their characteristic round or oval shape with the translucence of the parenchymatous tissue and the disappearance of the calcareous corpuscles. Following 1-minute exposure to a perhydrol solution, scolex swelling was observed, followed by a decrease in size due to the "boiling" of the released gas bubbles, as a result of perhydrol decomposition to oxygen and water with release of heat. Following 1.5-minutes of exposure to perhydrol solution, significant destructive changes were observed: delamination and tegument integrity loss, free hooklets, protoscolices dissolution, which indicated the parasite's death. On RC histological tissue preparations, stratification and destruction of FC were noted. In the long-term follow-up period for operated patients, there were no cases of HE recurrence. Conclusion: In vitro studies have shown that the treatment of protoscoleces with perhydrol solution leads to destruction followed by dissolution of the germinal layer. The perhydrol penetration into the FC walls resulting in its stratification and destruction contributes to the disease recurrence prevention. Keywords: Hepatic echinococcosis, hydatid cyst disease (HCD), fibrous capsule, residual cavity, recurrence, scolex, morphological study.residual cavity, recurrence, scolex, morphological study.
RECENT ADVANCES IN NEUROSURGICAL INTERVENTION FOR SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors:   University of Aden, Aden, Republic of Yemen, SHUKRI A.A. , NOGOVITSINA E.M. ,   Perm State Medical University named after academician E.A. Wagner, Perm, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in those aged under 40 years. Therefore, research in this area of neurosurgery is highly relevant. The review presents insights on current trends in TBI neurosurgery, emphasising severe forms management. Literature review of English and Russian language peer-reviewed publications relating to various forms of TBI showed three main research areas: 1) evolution of surgical techniques with the development toward minimally invasive approaches with equipment and materials modification/development; 2) search for reliable assessment tools to predict the patient's condition in the early and remote postoperative periods; 3) evaluation of the effectiveness of multimodal approaches for diagnosing brain pathology. Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, TBI, severe TBI, surgery, neurosurgery, methods, biomarkers.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY IN THE BACKGROUND OF RESISTANT ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors:   Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, SHARIPOVA KH.YO. , ABDULLOEV F.N. ,   City Medical Center № 2 named after Academician K.T. Tadzhiev, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, SOKHIBOV R.G. ,   Department of Internal Diseases № 2, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, RAKHIMOV D.D. ,   Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, NEGMATOV G.M. ,   Department of Internal Diseases № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: March 2023

Objective: To assess the severity of CI in relation to the level of RDR to antihypertensive therapy in patients with primary arterial hypertension (AH) and the features of CI on the background of RAH. Methods: A complex of modern clinical, hemodynamic and neuropsychological methods was used to assess RDR to treatment and the severity of CI in groups of patients with high and very high RDR to treatment: the group I – with controlled arterial hypertension (CAH; n=40), the group II – with RAH (n=35). Results: When screening for CI on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, a decrease in the average number of various domains of cognitive function in patients with CAH was found against the background of increased RDR to treatment compared with RAH. The results of the neurodynamic analysis of cognitive function in the Trail Making Test (TMT) indicate the relative sustain of selective attention and information processing speed. However, the established increase in the difference between the part B and part A performance in patients with AH demonstrated a decline in flexible thinking, cognitive control, and programming. The results of the study of regulatory functions showed that frontal dysfunction was observed more often in patients of group II, although the difference was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Based on the results of speech studies, along with the results of memory impairment testing in the Clock Drawing (CDT) and Free and Cued Selective Reminding – Immediate Recall (FCSRT-IR) tests, a more pronounced decline of semantic memory was found in patients with RAH, indicating the possibility of memory impairment not only due to secondary neurodynamic changes but also due to the neurodegenerative processes. Conclusion: A significant decrease in semantic memory in patients with RAH suggests the possibility of the transformation of cerebral vascular lesions into neurodegenerative ones or their combination. Keywords: Neuropsychological profile, cognitive impairment, hypertensive encephalopathy, risk of developing resistance to treatment, resistant arterial hypertension.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE OF EXTRAVESICAL URETERAL REIMPLANTATION
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, MIRAKOV KH.M. , IBODOV KH. ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, ROFIEV R. ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, DAVLATOV A.R. ,   Health Complex «Istiklol», Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, ABDULLOEV Z.R. ,   Central Research Laboratory, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: March 2023

Objective: To optimize the technique of extravesical ureteral reimplantation in experimental animals. Methods: Experiments were carried out on 21 Flanders rabbits. Initially, ureterohydronephrosis (UHN) was modeled by alcoholization of the ureter in its vesical part according to the method of Ya.V. Gudynsky. After 21 days, the animals underwent extravesical ureteral reimplantation using the technique optimized by the team of urologists. Results: The stents were removed endoscopically on the 20th day. In order to exclude vesicoureteral reflux, contrast cystography was performed, in which reflux was not detected. To exclude obstruction, on the 30th, 60th, and 90th days after the operation, an ultrasound scanning of the urinary system was performed, in which the presence of UHN was not noted. On the 90th day, the experimental animals underwent resection of the anastomotic zone for histological examination. It was found that the diameter of the transplanted segment corresponded to the normal size of the rabbit ureter, there was a slight thickening of the ureteric wall, its hypertrophy, and intracellular hyperplasia. Conclusion: The effectiveness and safety of the proposed method of extravesical ureteral reimplantation with antireflux protection has been experimentally proven. Keywords: Ureter, urodynamics, obstruction, ureterohydronephrosis, megaureter.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN A HEALTHCARE ORGANISATION: FROM BASICS TO OPERATING MODEL
Authors:   Perinatal Center, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, Russian Federation, VINOGRADOVA I.V. ,   Department of Pediatrics, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation, PETROV I.V. ,   Perinatal Center, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, Russian Federation,   Department of Fundamental Medicine, Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, Russian Federation, ALMUKHAMETOV A.A. ,   Department of Public Health and Healthcare Organization, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation,   Scientific and Clinical Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation, PETROVA F.S. ,   Department of Pediatrics, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of the quality management system (QMS) based on the amount of income for improving the quality of care in medical institutions Methods: Publications on patient safety and quality management system research were identified and analysed based on the library collection resources of the Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia and research databases. A total of 727 results were retrieved, of which the authors preselected 121 based on keywords used; after analysing significant publications, 46 sources were finally selected. Results: The quality of medical care includes the internal audit of the quality and patient safety in hospital care. In turn, the internal audit of quality and patient safety can be limited to a 'simplified model' of the quality management system. n adequately compiled, an up-to-date, applicable checklist is intended for use in the audit process. The quality of audits, the designing of effective audit procedures, and the correct completion of checklists depend on the skills and competencies of the auditor. Integrating lean manufacturing into an existing quality management system may increase the cost of 'maintenance' of these systems. However, in the long term, the economic benefit will be more evident due to continuous quality improvement, cost reduction and growth of organisational maturity. The quality management system can be used as a method for assessing the effectiveness of the management process of a medical organisation at different levels: middle, auxiliary, and managerial. In this case, the quality management system becomes a superstructure over the management system based on hierarchical groups. Conclusion: A quality management system is a complex organisational model of a medical organisation that allows you to identify and improve processes, identify inconsistencies and solve them by considering the 'transparency' and 'understanding' of processes. Keywords: Quality management system, medical organisation, process management model, the safety of medical activities, lean manufacturing, checklist, audit.
MAMMOPLASTY: FROM RECONSTRUCTIVE TO AESTHETIC SURGERY
Authors:   Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetology and Regenerative Medicine, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, TERKULOV A.A. , DEVLIKANOVA E.E. ,   Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetology and Regenerative Medicine, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, KOLESNIKOV V.E. ,   Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetology and Regenerative Medicine, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Mammoplasty is one of the most common operations, both among aesthetic and reconstructive interventions on the mammary gland. Over the past 10 years, the number of women newly diagnosed with malignant tumors of the mammary gland in Russian Federation is annually increasing, on average, by 3.6% (more than 46 thousand new cases): in 2019, 73,918 new cases of breast cancer (BC) were detected. Currently, the treatment of BC involves the removal of the primary tumor, followed by reconstruction of the gland, which plays an important role in the early rehabilitation of patients. In plastic surgery, breast augmentation interventions occupy one of the leading positions with an annual upward trend. The review article presents the history of the development of oncoplastic surgery, justifies the need for primary reconstructive surgery in women with BC, and describes options for radical mastectomies with one-stage reconstruction. Literature data on indications for breast implants, the main methods of augmentation mammoplasty and lifting, and transplantation of autologous adipose tissue enriched with stem cells in severe ptosis are presented; post-lactational or age-related involution of the mammary glands is described. Keywords: Plastic surgery, reconstructive surgery, breast, surgery, cancer.
América Latina y el legado literario de Carlos Fuentes
Authors: Corzo Ricardo
Published: March 2023

Libro que reúne a una serie de académicos de México y Chile donde se analiza y relee la obra de Carlos Fuentes a la luz del tema de América Latina. Texto perteneciente a la Colección Cátedra Carlos Fuentes, donde ahora se abre a su vertiente interamericana, y conjunta nueva voces que miran la obra del escritor mexicano desde el Sur.
La hija del judío: Tomo I y II
Authors: Sierra O'Reilly Justo
Published: March 2023

Primera novela histórica de México, según Luis González Obregón. La intriga principal se encuentra en perfecta armonía con cada una de sus partes. Es una obra maestra del suspenso. Se publicó en vida del autor como folletín en el periódico El Fénix de Campeche. La presente edición está hecha a partir de esa primera publicación. Va precedida de una introducción en la que se hacen consideraciones sobre ediciones, estructura y fuentes históricas. El trabajo del editor, Manuel Sol, es impecable y acrecienta el prestigo editorial de la Universidad Veracruzana.
Testigo Silencioso. El archivo musical del convento de la Merced en Cali (Colombia)
Authors: Casas Figueroa María Victoria
Published: March 2023

La congregación de Misioneras Agustinas Recoletas que habita el Convento de La Merced en Cali (Colombia), conserva una colección de partituras de Música Sacra. Ella contiene obras desde 1903, cuando el Papa Pío X promulgó el Motu proprio, hasta piezas derivadas del Concilio Vaticano II bajo la orientación del papa Pablo VI hacia 1970. Estas composiciones responden a transformaciones en la práctica musical y las regulaciones pontificias. El objetivo principal de este libro es desarrollar un estudio de la colección desde la nueva musicología y analizar sus usos y funciones en el contexto al que pertenece; se identifica la congregación, se estudia la normativa, se caracteriza la colección y se analiza a la luz de sus usos y funciones. Es una investigación de carácter cualitativo, que revisa elementos cuantitativos, con herramientas propias de la nueva musicología. La fuente primaria es la colección de partituras que reposa en la Biblioteca del convento. Se hizo uso de fuentes documentales (orales y escritas), consulta en archivos y trabajo de campo; se construyó una base de datos y se contrastó la información. Como resultados, se encontraron 1868 piezas en su mayoría de música vocal con usos determinados por el calendario litúrgico y la dinámica vital de la comunidad. Esta colección guarda similitud con otras encontradas en algunos monasterios de habla hispana. Las funciones son estructurales, morfológicas y ministeriales.
CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC THOUGHT and its PLACE in The EDUCATION of GENERATION
Authors: Saeb Wamid
Published: March 2023

The study concluded that the deeds of worshipers are created for Allaah according to the most correct view of the nation. This is what the text and reason have indicated. Those who disagree with this view differed in some precise detail, but the majority of the nation went to this view, unlike algebraic and fatalism.
COMMITMENT Of One Of The DOCTRINES SHAYKH AHMED IBN Al-SAYYID MUHAMMAD IBN Al-S SAYYID YASSIN SON Of SHEIKH ABDUL GHANI Al - HUSSEINI Al - SHAFIE(1224 H)
Authors: Ali Bilal
Published: March 2023

This is a short message in the fundamentals of jurisprudence on the doctrine of Imam Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) to Sheikh Ahmad Ibn al-Sayyid Muhammad Ibn al-Sayyid Yassin al-Habrawi, nicknamed the second Shafi'i, from the people of Aleppo Al-Shahba, the work of God's mercy in this letter of the important doors in the fundamentals of jurisprudence; And the second is the general obligation of a specific religion. It is not secret to the scholars of the importance of these two issues in the chapter of fatwa. This is the intention of the matter, relying on Allah Almighty To achieve this message, as for the board of the manuscript has dominated the work P (may God have mercy on him) highlights the tradition of the general to strive in the matter of what is his reference to the other Mufti? , And the disagreement in that detailed, and then the second question and the views of scientists in the commitment of a certain doctrine between the transferees and the abstainers and the conditions of this detailed, in addition to the issue of (tracking licenses).

In conclusion we ask conciliation and repayment, God arrived on our master Muhammad and his family and companions.
Proof of Applicatio and its Nodal Applications
Authors: Ahmed Othman
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

           This research labeled (the proof of application and its nodal applications) is considered one of the researches that dealt with one of the important proofs of speech scholars, which are used in response to some philosophers' concepts in the occurrence of the world, the negation of the absent, and the infinite dimensions. This research deals with the linguistic definition of the proof and the meaning of Application, it deals dealt with the idiomatic aspect of this proof, the types of proofs used by scholars of speech in establishing Islamic beliefs, and then it touches upon some important issues, such as: the occurrence of the world, the negation of the non-existent, and the diminishing of the dimensions.The research is ended with the most important resuits.
A Fundamental Study in the Almighty’s Saying: Take Pardon, Enjoin Custom and Reject the Ignorant
Authors: Marai Muhammad
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

This paper is marked with (The Almighty’s saying: Take pardon and enjoin custom and view the polytheists - a fundamentalist study-) in which I dealt with the reason behind the revelation of the verse, with an explanation of the abrogator and the abrogated, the vocabulary of the verse, the general expressions contained in the verse, the meaning of the command contained in it, and the synonyms, With the statement of the speech addressed to the Prophet, the authoritative custom, the diligence of the Prophet, and praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and may God bless our master Muhammad and his family and companions as a whole.
The Journey of the Prophet Musa, peace be Upon him, with the Righteous Worshipper - an Intentional Study
Authors: Abdel-Jabbar Mahmoud
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

                      Surat Al-Kahf is one of the surahs of the Qur’an, which contains great stories and contains wisdom, sermons, and lessons. This surah has served by scholars and students of knowledge from various backgrounds, because it is abundant in arts. So I wanted to shed light on an aspect of these stories in order to address it both in terms of intentions and skills, so I chose the journey of our master Musa, peace be upon him for the most prominent aspect of the intentions in the story and its three events represented in the breach of the ship, the killing of the boy, the building of the wall, and how the righteous worshipper balanced between the evils that occurred to choose the lightest of them to commit in order to avoid the greater evil.
Masterpiece of the Best Persons on Al-Durr Al-Mukhtar of Imam Ibrahim bin Mustafa Al-Halabi (T: 1190 AH) from the Book of Hodoods to the Chapter of Testimony on Adultery - Study and Verification -
Authors: Medhat Ihsan , Onur Ahmed
Published: March 2023

We quoted the title of the research from the manuscript, which is a footnote to the explanation of Al-Durr Al-Mukhtar by Al-Hasakfi on the explanation of Matn Tanweer Al-Absar by Al-Tamartachi, for the book “Tuhfat Al-Akhyar Ala Al-Durr Al-Mukhtar” written scattered copies preserved in the libraries of the world, I made sure to collect the best copies that are suitable for investigation. And the one who looks at the heritage books will find scientific valuables left to us by eminent scholars who spent their lives in acquiring knowledge, teaching it and spreading it, and they did their best and worked hard in authoring and classifying until they clarified the problems and solved the dilemmas, so they composed their books according to their discretionary schools. From here emerged the importance of investigating Islamic manuscripts, in order to enable the nation to its heritage, to facilitate access to it, to benefit from it, and to complete what the predecessors of this nation began with. For the manuscript, it is clear that Imam Ibrahim al-Halabi derived most of the jurisprudential issues from the books of jurists and fatwas in the Hanafi school that preceded him or contemporaneously with him. And so on...
The Impact of Electronic Sales Contracts, the Vision Option as A Model
Authors: Mohamed Asaad
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

           The vision option is one of the selling options, and it is a contract between the seller and the buyer, according to which the buyer has the right to rescind the contract upon seeing the contracted party in the absence of what was stated in the contract signed, such as a change in a specific quality or thing in the contract.

With the presence of these new technologies and their working mechanisms, many problems have been found in electronic sales operations, which puts the buyer or customer in a situation of financial loss or the disadvantaged side because he does not know the existence of an option such as the option of vision, or the absence of the option of vision in the sales contract.

Also, the significance of the research is to invite the Iraqi legislator to find means or legislate laws that guarantee the customer’s right to such cases and keep pace with the development of the movement of electronic contracts, and the call to educate the general public about the need to take the right to the choice of vision when receiving the product or the goods.
The Famous Hadith of Umm Ma`bad (May Allah be Pleased with her) “Analytical Study”
Authors: Taher Hanaa
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

       

                 The hadith of Umm Maabad (may Allah be pleased with her) is well-known in the books of the Biography of the Prophet. She described the Holy Prophet, when He passed by her to ask for some water and milk, such a unique description that many human beings cannot express. She described what she had felt and how she had noticed the perfection of His beauty, His appearance and the joy of His visage .

  The blessing, grace, goodness, and benevolence came to Umm Maabad  and her husband when the Prophet (peace be upon Him) came to them, after they were in distress, and famine nearly dying. In this story, there are many miracles, the most prominent of which is the milking of a completely exhausted and skinny sheep, and turning milk from it, which made Abu Maabad when seeing this miracle, declaring his conversion to Islam, and followed the Prophet to  Madina El Monawara with his wife Umm Maabad (may Allah be pleased with them).

 Umm Maabad(may Allah be pleased with her) had lived after the death of the Prophet of Allah - to the succession of Othman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), and the companions appreciated her and knew her merits, may Allah Almighty be pleased with the companions of the Prophet of Allah.

 In my research, followed the analytical method of this famous Hadith. I have studied this Hadith in an analytical study by documenting the Hadith, explaining the unfamiliars, verifying the narrators of the Hadith, explaining the opinions of the Validating scholars, and then explaining the Hadith. May Allah grant success.
Preliminary Sentences from a Rhetorical Perspective
Authors: Mohamed Arwa , Ibrahim Talal
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the research is to identify the characteristics that should be reported in the first sentence of the text. An eloquent statement, in which the first sentence investigates its role. This paper starts with an introduction, followed by an epilogue that outlined the outcome of the research. In the light of the applications adopted by the research, text of prophetic speech, rhetoric and poetry in drawing the relationships between the sentences you stand as well as in drawing the rhetorical context.
Practical Prototypes of the Signs of Graphic Miracles in the Qur’anic ‘Ghareeb’ strange by Using Metaphor
Authors: Mohammed Omer , Hassan Ahmed
Published: March 2023

The Holy Qur’an is the most honorable book, and the sciences related to it are also the most honorable sciences.  As the research on the words of the Qur’an is in terms of the miraculous eloquence that represents the great miracle of the Prophet, the research in the rhetorical miracle is one of the most honorable sciences. When the miraculous eloquence is combined with the Qur’anic strangeness, it gives us another important angle that one can look through it at the miracle of the Qur’an and its greatness.   This research mixed the miraculous eloquence with the knowledge of the strangeness of the Qur’an, and in discussing the miraculous eloquence through the Qur’anic strangeness from an important chapter of rhetoric, which is metaphor. It presents a view in which it shows the greatness of God’s words, and brings us closer to contemplating the verses of the Noble Qur’an. This title combines three sciences: the miraculous eloquence, the Qur’anic strangeness, and rhetoric, and the research was in the signs so that we would be searching for the signs. In the current paper it is not pretended to stand on the specifics of the miraculous, and the researcher has explained in the first section of this research the definition of metaphor and its divisions and other demands I dealt with applied models of the miraculous eloquence in the vocabulary of the Qur’anic strangeness through the metaphor and the researcher discussed in every model the strangeness of the word as being a metaphor. I have speculated on what God has made easy for me of graphic signs, using interpretations and sources that were interested in explaining rhetorical jokes and miraculous signs, and then I explain the hidden meanings and rhetorical signs that have been revealed to me through extensive research in the Qur’anic word.
Satellite Attitude Control Using Double-Gimbal Variable-Speed Control Moment Gyroscope: Single-Loop Control Formulation
Authors: Barman Saumitra , Sinha Manoranjan
Published: March 2023

A single-loop control architecture is proposed to achieve singularity-free attitude control of satellites actuated using a double-gimbal variable-speed control moment gyroscope (DGVSCMG). Satellite and DGVSCMG combined rotational dynamics is modeled in the framework of geometric mechanics. It is shown that the combined attitude dynamics is in control-affine form when the motor torques of the DGVSCMG are taken as control inputs. A single-loop hybrid robust nonsingular fast finite-time sliding mode control (NFFTSMC) is designed to ensure an unwinding-free attitude maneuver. In the proposed single-loop formulation, the respective motor torques of the DGVSCMG are computed directly using only one NFFTSMC without requiring the steering law, resulting in mathematical singularity-free attitude control. A novel sliding surface is also proposed to ensure that the rotor angular speed converges to its nominal value after the maneuver. This eliminates the need of repeated desaturation of the rotor spin rate, unlike all the steering-law-based control architecture. Unwinding-free global stability of the system using the proposed hybrid NFFTSMC is proved for the sliding and reaching phases. Simulation results are presented to substantiate the claim made, assuming the rigid satellite to be equipped with only one DGVSCMG.
Virtual neurosurgery anatomy laboratory: A collaborative and remote education experience in the metaverse
Authors: Gonzalez-Romo Nicolas I. , Mignucci-Jiménez Giancarlo , Hanalioglu Sahin , Gurses Muhammet Enes , Bahadir Siyar , Xu Yuan , Koskay Grant , Lawton Michael T. , Preul Mark C.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Advances in computer sciences, including novel 3-dimensional rendering techniques, have enabled the creation of cloud-based virtual reality (VR) interfaces, making real-time peer-to-peer interaction possible even from remote locations. This study addresses the potential use of this technology for microsurgery anatomy education.

Methods:

Digital specimens were created using multiple photogrammetry techniques and imported into a virtual simulated neuroanatomy dissection laboratory. A VR educational program using a multiuser virtual anatomy laboratory experience was developed. Internal validation was performed by five multinational neurosurgery visiting scholars testing and assessing the digital VR models. For external validation, 20 neurosurgery residents tested and assessed the same models and virtual space.

Results:

Each participant responded to 14 statements assessing the virtual models, categorized under realism (n = 3), usefulness (n = 2), practicality (n = 3), enjoyment (n = 3), and recommendation (n = 3). Most responses expressed agreement or strong agreement with the assessment statements (internal validation, 94% [66/70] total responses; external validation, 91.4% [256/280] total responses). Notably, most participants strongly agreed that this system should be part of neurosurgery residency training and that virtual cadaver courses through this platform could be effective for education.

Conclusion:

Cloud-based VR interfaces are a novel resource for neurosurgery education. Interactive and remote collaboration between instructors and trainees is possible in virtual environments using volumetric models created with photogrammetry. We believe that this technology could be part of a hybrid anatomy curriculum for neurosurgery education. More studies are needed to assess the educational value of this type of innovative educational resource.
Monitoring mAb proteoforms in mouse plasma using an automated immunocapture combined with top-down and middle-down mass spectrometry
Authors: DHENIN Jonathan , Lafont Valérie , Dupré Mathieu , Krick Alain , Mauriac Christine , Chamot-Rooke Julia
Published: March 2023

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have established themselves as the leading biopharmaceutical therapeutic modality. Once the developability of a mAb drug candidate has been assessed, an important step is to check its in vivo stability through pharmacokinetics (PK) studies. The gold standard is ligand-binding assay (LBA) and LC–MS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) performed at the peptide level (bottom-up approach). However, these analytical techniques do not allow to address the different mAb proteoforms that can arise from biotransformation. In recent years, top-down and middle-down mass spectrometry approaches have gained popularity to characterize proteins at the proteoform level but are not yet widely used for PK studies. We propose here a workflow based on an automated immunocapture followed by top-down and middle-down LC-MS/MS approaches to characterize mAb proteoforms spiked in mouse plasma. We demonstrate the applicability of our workflow on a large concentration range using pembrolizumab as a model. We also compare the performance of two state-of-the-art Orbitrap platforms (Tribrid Eclipse and Exploris 480) for these studies. The added value of our workflow for an accurate and sensitive characterization of mAb proteoforms in mouse plasma is highlighted.
High-Concentration Self-Assembly of Zirconium- and Hafnium-Based Metal-Organic Materials
Authors: Jerozal Ronald , Pitt Tristan , MacMillan Samantha , Milner Phillip
Published: March 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline, porous solids constructed from organic linkers and inorganic nodes that are promising for applications in chemical separations, gas storage, and catalysis, among many others. However, a major roadblock to the widespread implementation of MOFs, including highly tunable and hydrolytically stable Zr- and Hf-based frameworks, is their benchtop-scalable synthesis, as MOFs are typically prepared under highly dilute (≤0.01 M) solvothermal conditions. This necessitates the use of liters of organic solvent to prepare only a few grams of MOF. Here-in, we demonstrate that Zr- and Hf-based frameworks (eight examples) can self-assemble at much higher reaction concen-trations than are typically utilized, up to 1.00 M in many cases. Combining stoichiometric amounts of Zr or Hf precursors with organic linkers at high concentrations yields highly crystalline and porous MOFs, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and 77 K N2 surface area measurements. Further, the use of well-defined pivalate-capped cluster pre-cursors avoids the formation of ordered defects and impurities that arise from standard metal chloride salts. These clus-ters also introduce pivalate defects that increase the exterior hydrophobicity of several MOFs, as confirmed by water con-tact angle measurements. Overall, our findings challenge the standard assumption that MOFs must be prepared under highly dilute solvothermal conditions for optimal results, paving the way for their scalable and user-friendly synthesis in the laboratory.
Review on cultured meat: ethical alternative to animal industrial farming
Authors: Behera R. , Adhikary L.
Published: March 2023

It is estimated that around 8% of the entire world population identifies themselves as
vegetarians. That leaves us with statistics of more than 90% of the world's population
prefers a meat-based diet. Now with the alarmingly increasing population of over 7.8
billion, the demand for meat is skyrocketing. Due to the high demand, factors like land,
water and greenhouse emission are becoming unsustainable. Even after taking all these
concerns into account, why is it so difficult for us to eliminate/reduce meat from our diet?
How is the future generation going to satisfy their meat cravings? However, through
recent research, it seems there is an alternative, a solution to all these concerns, cultured/
lab-grown meat. Cultured meat is meat produced by in vitro cell culture of animal cells,
instead of from slaughtered animals using various tissue engineering techniques. This invitro meat technology is still at its elementary stages but shows great potential in curbing
the problem of livestock overcrowding and its impact on the environment. Cultured meat
seems to promise a sustainable and reliable alternative for its consumers. This review
aimed to provide an elaborate comprehension of the entire process of the production,
processing and commercialization of cultured meat, and also provides an insight on the
possible obstacles it encounters, especially overcoming ethical conundrums and social
prejudice.
Studying the temperature conditions of drained peat soil
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Didmanidze Otari N.
Published: March 2023

When cultivating row crops on depleted peatlands introduced into agricultural circulation using the peat soil farming practice, post-sowing tillage (harrowing, inter-row loosening, hilling and thinning of plants in rows) changes the thermophysical properties of peat, increasing the probability of a peat fire. To study the temperature and humidity mode of the upper fi re-hazardous layer of the peat soil on a drained fi eld used for vegetable and fodder crop rotation, studies were carried outon the drained Kalskoye swamp in the Ryazan region. Measurements of the soil parameters were carried out on its surface and in the upper layer of 0 to 5 cm. When modeling spontaneous combustion and forced ignition of the peat soil, the results of experimental fi eld studies were used. Based on the practical data obtained, the authors proposed mathematical dependencies for calculating the possibility of spontaneous combustion of peat soils. Comparison of experimental and calculated data showed that their discrepancy is 2.2% to 15.6%. The obtained mathematical dependencies can be used to predict the probability of fi res on peat soils. The authors propose a scheme of a new method for monitoring the fi re hazard situation on drained peatlands during their introduction into agricultural production. This method of monitoring, based on the criterion of uneven heating, is useful for taking preventive measures against the peat soil ignition on agricultural land.
Justifi cation of the parameters of an electromechanical transmission for a tractor of traction class of 0.6-0.9 traction class and coordination of traction characteristics
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Godzhaev Zakhid A.
Published: March 2023

The parameters of electromechanical transmission for the tractor of 0.6-0.9 traction class are selected based on the analysis of traction and hitching characteristics of the complete machine. The authors have made theoretical calculations of the operating characteristics of the prototype tractor with an internal combustion engine and the tractor layout with an electric drive, traction calculation of the prototype tractor and the tractor layout, and calculation of the characteristics of the electric drive and electric motors. For the calculations, a six-speed manual variable gearbox was selected. The initial data for performing the calculations were obtained from the results of tractor traction tests in the North Caucasian machine test station. Two profi le backgrounds of the support base were selected: a fi eld prepared for sowing (fallow) and stubble. As a result of research, it was established that a tractor-model designed on the basis of the self-propelled chassis of a pulling class 0.6 to. 0.9 with capacity up to 50 kW on the “Fiel d prepared for sowing” background reaches the greatest towing effi ciency (0.53) with the 15 kW electric motor and the greatest drawbar pull (5.78 kN) with the 18 kW electric motor. On the “Stubble” background, for 15, 18 and 22kW electric motors, the pulling effi ciency is 68%, but the tractor layout with the 22kW electric motor can develop the maximum drawbar pull of 11.35kN. The maximum pulling power of 16.7 kN is observed in the prototype tractor with an internal combustion engine. Therefore, the 15-kW electric motor can be the only most suitable substitute for a combustion engine by traction effi ciency.
Permanentny uśmiech – analiza środków i narzędzi wzmocnienia afektywnego
Authors: Litwin Piotr , Gunia Artur
Published: March 2023

Celem artykułu jest analiza trwającej w środowisku filozoficznym debaty na temat możliwości wykorzystywania najnowszych osiągnięć naukowych z zakresu farmakologii, psychiatrii czy technologii informatycznej w zamiarze usprawniania sfery emocjonalnej człowieka. Perspektywa przedstawicieli ruchu transhumanistycznego uznaje, że wzmocnienia afektywne niosą ze sobą potencjał uwolnienia wszystkich świadomych istot od cierpienia oraz zapewnienia im szczęścia przez całe życie. W artykule analizowane są główne argumenty transhumanisty i filozofa Davida Pearce’a i jego programu Imperatywu Hedonistycznego. Następnie podejmuje się refleksję nad rolą i strukturą emocji w ludzkim życiu, a także nad warunkami, które musiałyby spełnić środki umożliwiające osiągnięcie „permanentnego uśmiechu”, to jest nad metodami wzmocnienia afektywnego, które ograniczałyby negatywne oddziaływanie emocji na jednostkę. Analiza teoretycznych założeń projektu transhumanistycznego zostaje rozszerzona o przegląd obecnie dostępnych środków farmakologicznych oraz informatycznych, które przyczyniałyby się do wzmocnienia afektywnego człowieka i innych istot świadomych. Prowadzona analiza skupiać będzie się na dwóch rzędach ludzkiej sfery afektywnej: (1) emocjach i (2) metaemocjach. Wykazuje się, że wszelkie interwencje transhumanistyczne powinny uwzględniać kwestię autentyczności sądów wydawanych na poziomie metaemocjonalnym.
Tap water as the source of a Legionnaires’ disease outbreak spread to several residential buildings and one hospital, Finland, 2020 to 2021
Authors: Mentula Silja , Kääriäinen Sohvi , Jaakola Sari , Niittynen Marjo , Airaksinen Piia , Koivula Irma , Lehtola Markku , Mauranen Ella , Mononen Isto , Savolainen Raija , Haatainen Susanna , Lyytikäinen Outi
Published: March 2023

In Finland, all microbiology laboratories notify Legionella findings and physicians notify Legionnaires’ disease (LD) cases to the National Infectious Disease Register. All cases are interviewed, and water samples obtained from potential places of exposure. Legionella isolates from humans and water are compared by whole genome sequencing (WGS). In March 2021, Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp 1) pneumonia cases increased in one Finnish city (120,000 inhabitants) where single LD cases are detected annually. We identified 12 LD cases, nine living in different residential buildings and three nosocomial, linked by identical human and/or water isolates. Three of these cases were from January 2020, October 2020 and February 2021 and identified retrospectively. Eleven were diagnosed by urinary antigen test, 10 by PCR and five by culture; age ranged between 52 and 85 years, and 10 had underlying diseases. Nine of 12 homes of LD cases and 15 of 26 water samples from the hospital were positive for Lp 1, with concentrations up to 640,000 cfu/L. Water samples from regional storage tanks were negative. Positivity in homes and the hospital suggested inadequate maintenance measures. Enhanced surveillance combined with WGS was crucial in detecting this unusual LD outbreak related to domestic and hospital water systems.
Undeclared pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) use among syphilis-positive blood donors, England, 2020 to 2021
Authors: Maddox Victoria , Reynolds Claire , Amara Alieu , Else Laura , Brailsford Susan R , Khoo Saye , Harvala Heli
Published: March 2023

An individualised blood donor selection policy was implemented in the United Kingdom from summer 2021. We have investigated the impact of this policy by comparing the extent of undeclared use of HIV pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) before and after this change. The rate of PrEP usage in syphilis-positive male blood donors has not changed since individualised donor assessment was implemented but provides continuing evidence of undisclosed PrEP use which may be associated with current or past higher-risk sexual behaviours.
Paracanoe: particularities of functional classes in the structuring of the sports’ training
Authors: Teixeira Fabricio dos Santos Luiz Gustavo , Sierra Maria Florencia , Correia Castelli de Campos Luis Felipe , Duarte Edison , Rocha Luarte Cristian , Montagner Paulo Cesar , Borin Joao Paulo
Published: March 2023

The performance of paracanoists is characterized by the ability of the athlete to advance at maximum speed, through a technically optimal paddling motion. It`s important to consider that in the case of para-athletes, the application of forces towards paddling is compromised by physical deficiencies. Thus, this study aims to assess the performance of athletes in the KL1, KL2 and KL3 sport classes, during a paralympic paracanoe event. The sample was composed of athletes from the Brazilian male paracanoe team, with a representative of each sport class: KL1, KL2, KL3 For performance analysis, we used a kayak ergometer (KayakPro®, Miami Beach, FL, USA) to simulate a 200-meter trial, during Rio 2016 Paralympic Games Road. The variables were evaluated: time trial, stroke frequency, mean speed, number of strokes, stroke length, stroke index, and power. According to results: I) the athlete KL3 had the lowest number of strokes, the longest stroke length and the highest stroke rate index; II) the athlete KL1 had the highest number of strokes, the lowest stroke length and the stroke rate index. This study puts into perspective the distinct characteristics of a paracanoe trial, analyzed in consideration to each sport class.
Knowledge transfer in educational institutions in light of social epistemology
Authors: Riziq Luthfi Baihaqi , Vazrin Rizqi , Prayitno Aryasatya Rafa
Published: March 2023

The field of social epistemology has been producing new

discourses about knowledge generation and transfer while not forgetting the

social aspects of them. One of its contributions is the acknowledgment of

epistemic agents other than some lone subject in transferring and generating

knowledge. For many centuries, people have been receiving knowledge through

educational institutions. Social epistemology now allows us to reexamine the

epistemology of education, primarily since education is usually made up of

testimonial knowledge<span style="color: rgb(74, 74, 74); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">—knowledge that is “transferred” by teachers to students simply

by the account of the teacher’s position as the educator. Philosophy of

education, up until recently, has been concerned with types of education

ideally pursued by students. However, social epistemology has turned our

attention to aspects beyond normativity and set about the questioning of the

nature of knowledge in education in the first place. We will see how, using

social epistemology as a framework, new approaches to inquire about education

and the transfer of knowledge can be determined. This paper will examine the

changes in which we understand knowledge transfer done by educational

institutions, particularly schools, considering the advances made in the field

of social epistemology. The hopes of the exploration carried out in this paper

are to reassess the way we go about the philosophy of education and to ignite

further discussions concerning social epistemology and its impact on education.