bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using human authored description logics ABoxes as concept models for natural language generation
Authors: Kraines Steven , Guo Weisen
Published: January 2010

Papers written by researchers in medical and life sciences are a valuable source of information even for non‐experts looking for knowledge related to rare diseases, but only if those non‐experts can read English. If researchers create descriptors of their papers in the form of description logics (DL) ABoxes (assertion components) according to a DL ontology, then by using currently available software, computers can reason over the ABoxes to infer semantic consequences of the assertions in the descriptor. One open issue is how best to render information contained in the ABox for a particular user based on that user's knowledge requirements and background knowledge, including language preference. Natural language generation (NLG) is a method for rendering computer‐interpretable statements, content models, in human‐readable form, natural language text. ABoxes could be used as content models for NLG with particularly rich semantics. In particular, ABoxes could be used to generate expressions of expert knowledge in languages different from the original language that are more accurate and more tailor‐fit to the user's cognitive state than existing methods for translating scientific papers. A method for generating natural language expressions from ABoxes in English and Japanese is presented and compared with a state‐of‐the‐art expert translation software package.
Characteristics of bioinformatics employment advertisements
Authors: Hill Jennifer I. , MacMullen W. John , Palmer Carole L.
Published: January 2010

Current trends in the bioinformatics job market were assessed using a sample of 1,996 online employment advertisements from the 6‐year period of January 2003 through December 2008. Job postings were classified by employer type, job role, and location, and a content analysis of the text of a subset of 404 of the posts was performed to identify detailed characteristics associated with master's degree level positions, such as educational requirements and preferred scientific and technical skills. Consistent with previous studies, academic institutions, corporations, and research institutes are the primary employers of bioinformaticists. In the U.S. only three states, California, Maryland, and Massachusetts, provided the majority of opportunities. Graduates from all levels of education are needed in the field, although those with a bachelor's degree in computer science or a Ph.D. in biology or bioinformatics are especially in demand. Perl programming is the most frequently requested skill across advertised positions, and experience using bioinformatics software tools (such as BLAST, CLUSTAL, and HMMER) is the bioinformatics skill in greatest demand. A small number of positions specifically requesting librarians and LIS‐trained bioinformaticists was observed, but the significant bioinformatics activities in biomedical libraries over the same time period are not reflected in this snapshot of the bioinformatics workforce.
Information access: Toward a more robust conceptualization
Authors: Oltmann Shannon M.
Published: January 2010

Information access is implicated in multiple research areas in library and information science (LIS). This paper argues that information access should receive more explicit attention from researchers. First, the two predominant conceptualizations of information access are examined and synthesized, noting the particular strengths and weaknesses of each. Next, the paper illustrates the centrality of information access by examining several LIS research areas; this explication demonstrates that information access is an important, though often implicit, concern of LIS researchers. Information access is studied across several research areas, but these typically remain isolated and unconnected. By integrating multiple analytical approaches to information access, this paper improves upon the current understanding of information access. The brief examination of information access suggests that a more refined framework, incorporating additional dimensions, would be fruitful, both to promote research into information access and to better integrate disparate research streams. This paper has three goals: to draw attention to the centrality of information access across LIS, to incorporate multiple research streams' perspectives on information access, and to suggest further refinements to the study of information access.
Beyond topicality: Finding opinionated Chinese documents
Authors: Wu Yejun , Oard Douglas W.
Published: January 2010

The availability of Web 2.0 technologies has made it easy for information users to express their own opinions and access other people's opinions on the Web. We are interested in understanding how opinions expressed in one way by one group compare to opinions expressed in another way by another group, especially in a different language. We have done reasonably well at finding opinionated English mailing lists and blogs, so we started to work on Chinese opinion classification. This paper reports on experiments with a recently released opinion classification test collection for Chinese sentences. Term‐scale evidence from a large lexicon and from character‐based estimation of semantic orientation for unknown words was used to construct classifiers for subjectivity and polarity that are somewhat more accurate than the best previously reported results. Subjectivity density and the relative predominance of terms with positive and negative semantic orientation were found to be useful features, and appropriate handling of negation was found to be important. With bilingual opinion classification techniques, we can help users find and compare opinions about a topic in two languages.
Enhancing students' sense of community in online environments
Authors: Du Yunfei
Published: January 2010

Thisposter sessionpresentsan information use model on how Wimba and Scond Life can facilitate collaborative platforms for users to build sense of communities in distance learning, and to extend their real life experience into virtual learning environments.
Genre theory and adolescent information retrieval
Authors: Cameron Tamara
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this study is to describe how a high school student retrieves information in order to write a history research paper, and to investigate the role genre plays in this process of search and paper construction. This study interrogates the conditions under which students are sent to the library to complete research assignments. What is absent from the research of school library use is how the kinds of knowledge expected from the students, and how the kinds of uses and manipulations that information is to be put through are connected to the access and retrieval of information. Because use is the final stage in the information process, this problem is approached by examining the assumptions about language, knowledge, and genre that teachers and students bring to research assignments in the school library. Rhetorical genre theory may be used to construct a representation of information use within an educational setting. Rhetorical genre theory will also be used to determine the method of analysis. By examining a few instances of high school history research, we can begin to systematize the features found beyond the sample to a larger study. An interdisciplinary approach that integrates classification theory, information seeking behavior, and rhetorical practices may help to characterize effective models in information retrieval.
Investigating the creation of ad hoc information visualizations
Authors: Snyder Jaime
Published: January 2010

While our frameworks for the analysis of textual information and verbal communication are rich, our means for performing the same investigations of visual information are comparatively weak. Given the increasingly visual orientation of our culture and technologies, this is problematic. This poster presents a case for the study of ad hoc visualizations as both communicative practice and information behavior. Ad hoc visualizations are images spontaneously created during conversations. Often corresponding to moments of heightened clarity or coordination, the creation of such visualizations can be viewed within a broad communicative context, alongside linguistic and other non‐textual modes of exchange. Further study of image‐enabled discourse, and specifically ad hoc visualizations, will contribute to the field of information science by extending existing research related to information behaviors into the realm of information creation. It will also provide a more inclusive framework for the study of visual information.
Iraq's digital library dilemma: OpenSource digital objects repository architecture, tools, and interface project
Authors: Benoit G , Rashid Falah
Published: January 2010

The loss of Iraqi libraries and the dispersion of their contents call for digital library solutions that encompass many organization, access and preservation needs, among them the technical, staffing, and language encoding needs for record production, and user needs to search and annotate in multiple scripts and languages. Such digital assets management (DAM) systemmust be able to handle multiple languages, flexibly integrate professional and local standards to ensure continued integration of the records and digital objects, and shouldfacilitate record production and using digital materials in cultural preservation and education. To these ends, we describe only part of a larger solution – the architecture of a DAM system, “auroraDL”, and propose how the structure will enable us to study the redevelopment of Iraq's information instruction.

magnified image
Knowledge organization systems and bibliographic records in the state of flux. Hermeneutical foundations of organizational information culture
Authors: Gust von Loh Sonja , Stock Mechtild , Stock Wolfgang G.
Published: January 2010

Abstract. According to hermeneutical findings, all Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) and all indexing terms in bibliographic records are located in the so‐called hermeneutical circle. They are always preliminary and therefore object of permanent change. Understanding is dependent on the fusion of horizons of all involved people (knowledge managers, information architects, and – above all – users). Therefore all these people have to in‐teract on KOS and records maintenance. It is a task of knowledge management in companies, administrations, etc. to create an appropriate organizational information culture.
Digital inclusion for children in the social context of HIV/AIDS awareness
Authors: Khashman Nouf , Park Eun G.
Published: January 2010

Digital technology brings a new opportunity to develop education, culture, and knowledge in less‐developed communities. Researchers deal with issues related to digital inclusion for indigenous communities since it can provide people with the chance of better communication and faster access to information in all formats. A research team with the International Visual Methodology for Social Change Project initiated the AIDS prevention and awareness program and aimed to effectively serve as a form of social and digital inclusion in underprivileged communities in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. The significance of this project is highlighted by adopting digital technology and the engagement of children, youth, and students in playing active roles in addressing HIV and AIDS through the photovoice research method. This method teaches children and youth how to document their lives and activities in schools and within the community through photography. They are then asked to describe what they see on the photos and to share their thoughts and feelings relating to issues surrounding HIV and AIDS. In this way, more than 3000 photos have been collected from the rural areas, taken by the children and youth of this region. To build a digital archive, the project went through the followings: photo selection, a scanning protocol, a database protocol in Greenstone software program, metadata protocol, and web site development. We described the entire visual data set based on Dublin Core. Two additional elements for captions were added, one for comments by librarians or metadata managers and the other for users' personal comments related to a specific picture to further enhance their participation in the project. Rural communities face challenges in HIV/AIDS health care and education, and access to HIV/AIDS information is essential for the disease caregivers. Working together and understanding the social effects of digital inclusion is a key area of our research.
PatientsLikeMe: ALS patients sharing experiences and personal health information online
Authors: Lustria Mia Liza A , Burnett Gary , Cortese Juliann , Kazmer Michelle , Frost Jeana , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Ma Jinxuan
Published: January 2010

The literature provides increasing evidence of the benefits of social support groups on the psychosocial functioning and health‐related quality of life of chronically‐ill patients. Social support groups have been found to improve coping, enhance the quality of life, facilitate health decision making, and in some cases, increase survival time among chronic disease patients. Patients benefit from a strong sense of shared experiences in a cooperative and symbiotic environment. Information and communication technologies have extended the capabilities of social support groups, enabling patients to share information across barriers of geography and time, benefitting especially those suffering from rare chronic diseases who may not find similar support groups within their immediate communities. Online environments also, in some cases, provide a measure of anonymity and opportunity for people to disclose sensitive health information without embarrassment while also allowing them access to a wider variety of information resources.

PatientsLikeMe (PLM) is an online community that uses Web 2.0 technologies to allow its members to share not only social support but also their symptomatology, treatment, medication, and outcome information with other members. The first of its kind, PatientsLikeMe has extended the capabilities of online social support groups by introducing powerful tools for sharing and analyzing personal health information. The website currently supports 2,300 patients with chronic diseases like ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's Disease.

The current study focuses on a qualitative analysis of the ALS community within PLM. ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a rare and incurable life‐altering disease affecting approximately 30,000 Americans. This fatal, neurodegenerative disease attacks the nerves and muscles, resulting in the progressive loss of voluntary motor function and, eventually, difficulties in speaking, swallowing, and breathing. While ALS contributes to the weakening of voluntary motor functioning and eventual paralysis, most patients are still able to think clearly and rely on a variety of assistive technologies to aid in communication. The ability to communicate with others is an important aspect of patients' ability to cope with their disease and remain active participants in their own care.
Ready4Changes.com: Preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial of a web‐based tailored approach for educating teens about human sexuality
Authors: Lustria Mia Liza A , Cortese Juliann , McLaughlin Casey , Redmond Sarah , Davis Rachel , Rosario Ivee
Published: January 2010

Advances in artificial intelligence and computing technologies has made it entirely possible to provide personalized health education and individualized learning on a mass scale. Interactive web technology not only provides an opportunity to present tailored health information in a number of formats, but it also provides the greatest ability to toggle between modalities, further enhancing learners' experiences and understanding of the material. However, development and deployment of these types of approaches often requires a high capital overlay or initial investment. This cost, however, is often justified based on wide assumptions about its effectiveness for achieving learning outcomes (e.g., mastery and deeper understanding of the course material). But, while there is growing evidence about the efficacy of computer‐tailoring and adaptive learning environments on learning, we have yet to fully understand the mechanisms by which this affects how individuals process information. This paper presents preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial testing effects of a tailored educational site on human sexuality on the comprehension and elaboration of the health content by middle schoolers. The project is one of the first attempts to systematically tease out the effective components of a tailored health education website and to examine its effects singly and in combination on the comprehension of a complex health domain.
Adolescent metacognitive knowledge during the information search process
Authors: Bowler Leanne
Published: January 2010

This poster reports the results of a case study that used naturalistic methods to investigate the metacognitive knowledge of adolescents as they searched for, selected and used information for a school‐based, inquiry project on a topic related to the history of western civilization.
An architecture for scaling federated search
Authors: Lederman Abe
Published: January 2010

Federated search has the tremendous potential to make a wide range of diverse information and viewpoints available to scientists, researchers and the public. Traditional federated search engines provide access to a relatively small number of content sources, – typically several dozen or fewer. But, depending on the discipline, there may exist hundreds of databases with relevant content. And, given the value of searching content sources in fields that are seemingly unrelated, a researcher will benefit from simultaneously searching hundreds, or thousands of sources. The greater the number of relevant and diverse high quality sources a researcher can access, the faster he or she will make discoveries that advance science and improve the quality of our lives.

The current paradigm for federated search suffers from a number of problems that hinder the development of large and scalable federated search engines. Search speed, relevance ranking, and source selection all suffer in today's paradigm as the number of sources increases. Deep Web Technologies, a Santa Fe New Mexico‐based federated search technology company, is pioneering the effort to build applications that overcome these obstacles. Deep Web Technologies has created a hierarchical “divide‐and‐conquer” architecture that distributes the federated search work flow to eliminate the traditional bottlenecks and allow for massive scalability.

Deep Web Technologies built the search engine behind WorldWideScience.org, a global gateway to government‐produced and government‐supported science research information. WorldWideScience.org employs Deep Web Technologies' hierarchical approach to search sources that are themselves federated search engines. WorldWideScience.org searches 140 sources through this approach. Deep Web Technologies is building, by mid‐2009, a 500‐source science research portal. Deep Web Technologies will describe, in the ASIS 2009 poster session, its architecture and how it facilitates large‐scale scalability of federated search applications.
An empirical study on the sociality of tag selection on social bookmarking services
Authors: Pu Hsiao‐Tieh , Chang Chi‐Lung
Published: January 2010

This study attempts to characterize users' sociality in tagging by clustering factors that users consider when selecting tags for their bookmarks. Twenty‐three frequent users of social bookmarking services were invited, and Q method and factor analysis have been applied in the study. Each cluster of users has varied focuses on personal, content, situational, and social factors when tagging. The study explores the four distinct types of sociality in tagging by the orientation of tag selection and the complexity of affecting factors. The results show different tendencies of sociality in tagging emerge, i.e., tag for me, us, all, and mixed. As there is the shift from functionality towards sociality for the social tagging applications, the initial findings may benefit the future related research.
Challenge for libraries as information managers: Hurricane preparedness and response
Authors: Brobst John , Mandel Lauren
Published: January 2010

The past decade saw heightened hurricane activity and more than $150 billion in damage in 2004 and 2005. Libraries responded by taking steps to better prepare for the information needs of the libraries and their communities arising from these emergency situations. Libraries adapted their service roles in support of their communities to manage information services tailored to emergency support and assistance to hurricane victims.

There has been no systematic effort to organize and assist libraries toward providing information services related to hurricane/disaster planning and response. This project included interviews with over 150 experienced officials and librarians throughout the Gulf Coast area. Key findings include the need for libraries: to collaborate with local agencies to build coalitions focused on disaster preparedness; to become emergency responders, prepared to offer shelter, relief, communications, and emergency services; to serve as vital links in the emergency response network, helping in key areas as communication and information centers, and as distribution centers for food, water, and supplies; and to develop into command and control points, as integrated nodes in the disaster response network.

The importance of this research effort centers upon the coordination, management, and integration of information resources that improve the library and community infrastructure related to hurricane preparedness and response. The effort identified the library's service roles, developed strategies for libraries to better prepare to assist their communities, and investigated how libraries and other governmental agencies leverage their resources during the response and recovery period. The study has captured and actively disseminated the best practices offered by the survivors of such events via a web portal and training sessions.
Attributing and defining meaning to the built environment: The semiotics of wayfinding
Authors: Mandel Lauren H.
Published: January 2010

Built environments have varying levels of wayfinding ease, and low levels of wayfinding ease matter because difficulty in wayfinding leads to stress and frustration, functional inefficiency, inaccessibility, and poor safety. When individuals are lost or disoriented, they blame themselves, feel stupid, frustrated, and anxious, and they can be angry or resent the environment because of the difficult situation the environment has put them in.

There is no cohesive understanding of which information within wayfinding tools successfully assists wayfinders. Gleaning this inherent quality could propel wayfinding theory forward so it could be applied to improve the physical manifestations of wayfinding tools and overall wayfinding ease in a facility. In order to understand which information improves wayfinding ease and what specifically about that information effects the improvement, one would need to understand the meaning(s) a community infers from different forms of wayfinding information. One possibility for wayfinding research lies in semiotics, the study of signs and their meanings.

Understanding the meanings wayfinders infer from wayfinding tools is critical to design facilities that can be navigated more effectively and efficiently. This would be possible through research that attempted to understand semiotically which meanings architects, interior designers, and other experts ascribe to wayfinding tools and how this matches or differs from the meanings wayfinders infer from the tools. Understanding this difference may lead to the design of wayfinding tools based on users' pre‐existing notions of the meaning(s) of environmental symbols, decreasing feelings of lostness, frustration, and anxiety and increasing user satisfaction with a given built environment.
Finding expert authors in institutional repositories
Authors: Efron Miles
Published: January 2010

Institutional repositories collect the output of scholarly activities at universities and similar organizations. While a great deal of research has treated curation, collection development, and interoperability in institutional repositories, the literature regarding information retrieval in these repositories is small. This poster reports initial work on an ongoing project to improve access to institutional repository data through advanced information retrieval techniques. In particular, this poster treats the problem of “expert finding” in institutional repositories. We propose that a useful mode of information discovery lies in supporting queries seeking people (as opposed to documents) who evince expertise on a given topic. This poster describes a framework for conducting searches of expert authors in institutional repositories. Additionally we report results from several empirical tests designed to judge the effect of various modeling decisions in the expert finding problem for expert finding in institutional repositories.
Analysis of Japanese undergraduate students' information behavior during academic tasks in a Canadian university
Authors: Ishimura Yusuke , Bartlett Joan
Published: January 2010

This poster session will report preliminary results from doctoral research that investigates how Japanese students, as a sample of international students in Canadian universities, perform their academic tasks and to what extent they are information literate.

The number of international students, particular from non‐North American and non‐European countries, has greatly increased in recent decades in North American post‐secondary academic institutions. Although their intellectual and financial contributions are significant, their experience after enrolment is often neglected, which leads to dissatisfaction. Thus, it is important for academic institutions to improve international students' experience to facilitate their academic success. Among various potential solutions, improvement of information literacy skills is especially important for students' academic success in today's information intense environment.

However, academic libraries struggle to answer the question of how they can provide support for international students with diverse needs, experiences, and expectations. Before planning strategies to improve their skills, it is critical for academic institutions to understand how students conduct research and to what extent they are information literate. Using multiple qualitative methodologies, Japanese undergraduate students' information behavior will be investigated and assessed using information behavior models (how students behaved) and information literacy standards (how well the behavior was conducted).

This research will generate knowledge of how they perform their research and the extent to which their behaviors during their research tasks are information literate. An understanding of how various factors affect their behavior will deepen understanding of why students are or are not information literate. The research findings will contribute to the capacity of North American academic libraries to facilitate international students' success in academia.
Evaluating health information literacy training in underserved communities
Authors: Peterson Gabriel
Published: January 2010

This poster addresses issues related to measuring how e‐Health can be a tool for reducing health disparities in minority communities in a state in the US. In the context of the 2009 ASIS&T meeting, it relates to the topics of taking a multidisciplinary approach to developing, delivering, and evaluating health information resource education in under‐served communities. This poster summarizes the data collected and provides a progress report on a yearlong effort to evaluate the utility of a program to disseminate information about the resources available through the NLM's information portals.
Using interactivity to help users understand the impact of spam filter settings
Authors: Orange Andrew , Lueg Christopher , Malhotra Vishv
Published: January 2010

Interactivity as a way to help users understand and/or explore complex information issues has been utilized successfully in information science areas such as information retrieval. In this paper we report experiences with utilizing interactivity in a different albeit related context: informing users about spam filtering processes. Spam filters that prevent spam from showing up in inboxes by filtering incoming messages according to their suspected level of “spamminess” are readily available. However, the complexity of modern spam filters aggregating evidence from various sources means few non‐expert users of spam filters actually understand what their spam filters are doing. It also remains unclear how different spam filter settings would impact on what they see in their email inboxes. In this paper, we describe work into using interactive exploration as a way to increase users' understanding of how spam filters work. Lab‐based evaluation of a prototype suggests a considerable increase in spam filtering understanding occurred even among subjects that stated they had prior spam filtering expertise.
Metadata quality assessment: A phased approach to ensuring long‐term access to digital resources
Authors: Alemneh Daniel Gelaw
Published: January 2010

Maintaining usable and sustainable digital collections necessitates maintaining high‐quality metadata about those digital objects. The two aspects of digital library data quality are the quality of the data in the objects themselves, and the quality of the metadata associated with the objects. Because poor metadata quality can result in ambiguity, poor recall and inconsistent search results, the existence of robust quality assurance mechanisms is a necessary feature of a well‐functioning digital library. In order for end users to benefit fully from the development of digital libraries, responsible and viable service providers need to address metadata quality issues. Based on the University of North Texas Libraries experiences, this paper discusses issues related to metadata quality management and demonstrates a number of tools, workflows and quality assurance mechanisms.
Documenting and researching the performing arts
Authors: Marini Francesca
Published: January 2010

This poster addresses documentation of and research in the performing arts. The discussion is based on research conducted by the author in recent years and currently under way, and on other sources. The poster contains: a brief definition and explanation of performing arts; a section on how performing arts materials are created; a section on how the performing arts are documented; a brief discussion of the characteristics of information in the performing arts context; and a section on the use of performing arts materials for research purposes, with a specific focus on theatre scholars and their information behavior. This poster addresses the topic of information created by or related to the performing arts, which is complex and dynamic. This topic is relevant to the overarching conference theme, and related to two of the suggested topics: “Information behavior in diverse contexts” and “Knowledge management in diverse contexts.”
Understanding interest to inform recruitment: What characteristics of digital curation interest computer science and computer engineering students?
Authors: Cushing Amber L.
Published: January 2010

According to the Digccurr Project Matrix of Digital Curation Knowledge and Competencies, future digital curators will need sufficient technical skills to address the challenges presented by digital curation (Lee et al.2007). In addition, interviews with Digccurr advisory board members identify a specific need to recruit individuals with technical backgrounds. Students pursing majors in computer science (CS) and computer engineering (CE) possess sufficient technical skills included in the Digccurr matrix. In this study, a group of CS students and CE students will be interviewed about their current career plans and reactions to three digital curation job postings. Data will provide information that can inform recruitment of individuals that possess the skills needed to conduct digital curation work.
Proposal and application of the interdisciplinarity borrowing index: Determining the degrees of interdisciplinarity of ILS dissertations
Authors: Sugimoto Cassidy
Published: January 2010

This work proposes an interdisciplinary borrowing index and applies this index to the field of Information and Library Science. The study examines the interdisciplinarity of LIS dissertations, with an emphasis on evolution of the disciplinary influences on the field over time.
Using a Wiki as a platform for formative evaluation
Authors: Oh Sanghee , Wildemuth Barbara M. , Pomerantz Jeffrey , Yang Seungwon , Fox Edward A.
Published: January 2010

Expert reviewers used a Wiki to provide evaluative comments on a set of educational modules developed by the Digital Library (DL) Curriculum Development project, a joint effort of researchers at the University of North Carolina and Virginia Tech, with funding from the National Science Foundation. A total of 32 experts from 23 universities in 6 countries provided comments on 10 draft educational modules. The Wiki was an effective tool for the reviewers to identify and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the modules, to share their experiences of teaching DL courses, and to communicate with the project team. The Wiki played an important role as a venue for an evaluation process that was available to the DL community at large.
Meditating differences in children's interaction with digital libraries through modeling their tasks
Authors: Bilal Dania , Sarangthem Sonia
Published: January 2010

Describes four graphical preliminary task‐based models of ten Arabic‐speaking children, ages 6‐10, based on their interaction with the International Children's Digital Library (ICDL). Data generated from a previous study (Bilal & Bachir, 2007b) were coded and analyzed to generate the models. Seven modes of behavior characterized children's interaction: Start, Recognize, Browse, Differentiate, Read, Explore, and Finish. Each mode is associated with moves based on task characteristics. The models were constructed using the general model developed by Bilal, Sarangthem, & Bachir (2008), which was partially informed by the works of Ellis (1989), Ellis & Haugan (1997), Choo, Detlor, & Turnball (2000), and Marchionini (1995). New patterns of behavior that are missed in these works were identified (Explore and Read). The models lack a Search mode that characterized children's keyword searching. The ICDL allowed entry of Arabic script in the search box, but failed to retrieve Arabic books by keyword. Children's behavior that combined linear and non‐linear progression and the core iterative processes that occurred between certain modes of behavior and varied by task provide additional perspectives for understanding information seeking behavior within the specific context of a small and well structured Web space such as the ICDL.
The user‐centered design of a non‐specialist metadata tool and interface for the Internet Public Library
Authors: Khoo Michael , Park Jung‐ran , Lin Xia
Published: January 2010

Good quality metadata are key in supporting user interactions with a repository. Poor quality metadata hide resources, produce poor search results, and negatively affect user satisfaction (Barton et al. 2004; Beall 2005; Geisler et al.2002). Good quality metadata can be resource‐intensive to produce, and as a result there is a ‘metadata generation bottleneck’ between the growing numbers of digital resources requiring description and the limited numbers of metadata specialists who can create such descriptions (Liddy et al.,2001). This can restrict metadata production and reduce the utility of repositories (Wilson,2007). Approaches to addressing this bottleneck include training more metadata specialists; automatic metadata generation (Liddy et al.,2001; Ochoa & Duval n.d.); and also the solution discussed in this poster, the user‐centered design and development of a tool to support student volunteers and interns to engage in the creation and quality control of Dublin Core metadata records for the Internet Public Library (IPL:http://www.ipl.org/).
Minocycline‐induced dermatomyositis
Authors: Geddes Maiya R. , Sinnreich Michael , Chalk Colin
Published: January 2010

Minocycline is a semisynthetic tetracycline that causes a spectrum of autoimmune adverse reactions. We report a previously healthy patient who developed a panniculitis and histopathologically proven dermatomyositis during treatment with minocycline for acne vulgaris. Her signs and symptoms resolved completely upon cessation of minocycline. This case illustrates a novel adverse effect of a widely prescribed medication. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Effects of coil characteristics for femoral nerve magnetic stimulation
Authors: Tomazin Katja , Verges Samuel , Decorte Nicolas , Oulerich Alain , Millet Guillaume Y.
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of two coils used for femoral nerve magnetic stimulation and to compare them with electrical stimulation in inducing maximal response of the quadriceps. The mechanical and electromyographic (EMG) responses were dependent on the coil used. The 45‐mm double coil showed greater efficiency to elicit a maximal quadriceps response, which was similar to electrical stimulation. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Small fiber neuropathy in female patients with fabry disease
Authors: Liguori Rocco , Di Stasi Vitantonio , Bugiardini Enrico , Mignani Renzo , Burlina Alessandro , Borsini Walter , Baruzzi Agostino , Montagna Pasquale , Donadio Vincenzo
Published: January 2010

Recent studies suggest that heterozygous female Fabry disease (FD) patients develop peripheral neuropathy. We used skin biopsy to define somatic and autonomic peripheral nerve characteristics in 21 females with FD who were mainly asymptomatic and had normal renal function. Somatic epidermal and dermal autonomic nerve fiber reductions were found, prevalently in the leg, and no differences were found between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Our findings suggest that females with FD, although asymptomatic, may have somatic and autonomic small fiber neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Effect of nano‐polystyrene (nPS) on thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)
Authors: Mishra Satyendra , Chatterjee Aniruddha
Published: January 2010

Polystyrene nanoparticles (nPS) in the range of 10–100 nm with spherical shape were synthesized by oil/water (o/w) microemulsion process. In this process ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator, sodium dodecyl sulphate as a surfactant and n‐pentanol as cosurfactant were used. Isolated nPS was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. DSC studies of nPS showed higher Tg as compared to bulk PS. The effect of lower weight percentage (wt%) of nPS on the mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of PP was investigated. The blends were prepared individually on brabender plastograph by incorporating nPS of ∼60 nm with different wt% of loading (i.e., 0.10–0.5%). It was shown from the experimental results that thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties were increased as the polymer particles blended with PP. Blends with 0.25 wt% loading of nPS exhibit better properties compared with that of other wt% loadings. The improvements in properties were due to the close packing of PP chains as recorded by improvement in crystallinity of PP with the addition of nPS as shown by SEM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azoalkanes—novel flame retardants and their structure–property relationship
Authors: Aubert Melanie , Nicolas Ronan C. , Pawelec Weronika , Wilén Carl‐Eric , Roth Michael , Pfaendner Rudolf
Published: January 2010

A number of symmetrical and unsymmetrical azoalkanes of the general formula R′−N = N−R and related azoxy, hydrazone as well as azine derivatives have been synthesized in order to assess their potential as novel flame retardants for polypropylene alone or in combination with commercially available flame retardants such as alumina trihydrate (ATH), decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) and tris(3‐bromo‐2,2‐bis(bromomethyl)‐propyl)phosphate (TBBPP). The experimental results show that in the series of different sized azocycloalkanes the flame retardant efficacy decreased in the following order: R = cyclohexyl > cyclopentyl > cyclobutyl > cyclooctanyl >> cyclododecanyl. Whereas in the series of aliphatic azoalkanes compounds the efficacy decreased in the following order: R = n‐alkyl > tert‐butyl > tert‐octyl. In addition, also some of the prepared azoxy, azine, and hydrazone derivatives provide flame retardancy to polypropylene films at already very low concentrations (0.25–1 wt%). Noteworthy is that in contrast to other halogen‐free radical generators, the azoalkanes are also very effective as flame retardants in polypropylene thick moldings. Interestingly, it was found that 4,4′‐bis(cyclohexylazocyclohexyl)‐methane) shows a strong synergistic effect with ATH. Thus, in the presence of 0.5 wt% of azoalkane the ATH loading could be reduced from 60 to 25 wt% and still UL94 V‐2 rating could be reached. Furthermore, the fire testing data reveal that azoalkanes show a synergistic effect with DecaBDE and when used in conjunction with very low loadings of TBBPP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyethylene waxes by metallocenes
Authors: Napoli Mariagrazia , De Vita Rosanna , Immediata Ivano , Longo Pasquale , Guerra Gaetano
Published: January 2010

The syntheses of low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (PE), in the presence of catalysts based on five different metallocene frameworks, have been compared. High yields and low molecular masses, typical of industrially relevant PE waxes, can be easily achieved by using overpressure of hydrogen. Particularly suitable for the production of PE waxes are catalytic systems based on the C2 symmetric rac‐dimethyl‐silyl‐bis‐(2‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1‐indenyl)‐zirconium dichloride (1) and the C2v symmetric bis‐cyclopentadienyl‐zirconium dichloride (5). The wax yields can be substantially increased by increasing the MAO/Zr molar ratio. The control of the PE molecular weight allows an easy control of physical properties. In fact, as Mn increases in the range 103–104 g/mol, the degree of crystallinity decreases from nearly 85 to 60% while the melting temperature increases from 125°C up to 135°C. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel synthesis of polymer and copolymer nanoparticles by atomized microemulsion technique and its characterization
Authors: Mishra Satyendra , Chatterjee Aniruddha
Published: January 2010

The present paper relates to the atomized process for the synthesis of nanoparticles of polystyrene (nPS), polyacrylonitrile (nPAN), and poly(styrene/acrylonitrile) (nP[SAN]) copolymers with different monomer ratios and with controlled particle size in the range from 10 to 100 nm. In this process, ammonium persulfate (APS) was used as thermal initiator, along with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and n‐pentanol (n‐Pt) as surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively. The effect of different parameters on particle size and morphology of polymer nanoparticles has been reported in this work. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study showed the changes in particle morphology of pure nPS, nPAN, and their copolymers. Structural property and interaction of PS and PAN were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of particle size and crystalline structure on glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal stability of polymer nanoparticles was studied by thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and it showed that the copolymer nanoparticles of nP[SAN] were more stable with minimum weight loss (WL). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and photoinitiating behavior of hyperbranched polymeric photoinitiators bearing coinitiator amine
Authors: Hu Lihua , Asif Anila , Xie Jianda , Shi Wenfang
Published: January 2010

A series of benzophenone (BP)‐terminated hyperbranched polyester (BoltornTM P1000), bearing amine moieties as synergists by reacting with piperidine, were synthesized as yellowish liquids with low viscosity, and used as polymeric photoinitiators (HPPIs). For comparison, acrylate groups were introduced to the terminals of hyperbranched polyester for obtaining a polymerizable photoinitiator. The chemical structures were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. HPPIs and BP exhibited the similar absorptions by UV–vis spectroscopy. The photoinitiating behavior of HPPIs with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as a trifunctional monomer was investigated by using photo‐DSC analysis. The results indicated that the maximum photopolymerization rate and unsaturation conversion of TMPTA initiated by HPPIs were both lower than that by BP. Among them, the HPPI with double tertiary amine moiety of BP moiety was found to be the most efficient photoinitiator. Additionally, the films cured with bisphenol A epoxy acrylate EB605 initiated by HPPIs were uniform and possessed high Tg from DMTA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of the precipitation kinetics, morphologies, permeation performances, and crystallization behaviors of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane by adding different molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
Authors: Lang Wan‐Zhong , Guo Ya‐Jun , Chu Lian‐Feng
Published: January 2010

Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated by wet spinning (wet/wet) and dry‐jet wet spinning (dry/wet; 3 cm air gap) processes with four types of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of different molecular weight as additives. Evolution of the precipitation kinetics, morphologies, permeation performances, and crystallization behaviors of the as‐spun PVDF membranes were investigated. The PVDF membranes were well characterized by numerous state‐of‐the‐art analytical techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and attenuated total reflectance fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR‐ATR) and elucidated accompanying with its precipitation kinetics obtained by light transmittance measurements. The precipitation kinetics results confirm that four PVDF/PVP/NMP dopes experience instantaneous demixing mechanism and the precipitation rate decreases as PVP molecular weight increases. Little peaks are found in the precipitation curves of the PVDF dopes containing PVP of low molecular weight. The SEM images indicate that the middle sponge‐like layer sandwiched by double finger‐like layers becomes thinner for the special precipitation behaviors. Visible large pores exist in the internal surfaces of the PVDF membranes spun by both wet/wet and dry/wet spinning processes. The increase in PVP molecular weight restricts the formation of large pores in the internal surfaces of the PVDF membranes for the increase in dope viscosity. The pure water permeability (PWP) of the as‐spun PVDF membranes increases initially and then decreases as PVP molecular weight increases. The largest PWP flux of 316.7 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 is obtained for the PVDF membrane containing PVP K25 by wet/wet spinning process. The rejections for bovine serum albumin (BSA) by the as‐spun PVDF membranes range from 35.4 to 82.9%. It illustrates that typical PVDF ultrafiltration membranes were obtained in this research. The melting temperature(Tm) of the PVDF hollow fiber membranes decreases with the increase in the PVP molecular weight as a whole. IR spectra and XRD patterns verify the exclusive formation of β crystalline phase structure in the as‐spun PVDF membranes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.