bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of laser pulse duration and fluence on DKDP crystal laser conditioning
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Geng Feng , Lei Xiangyang , Li Yaguo , Cheng Jian , Zheng Yi , Wang Jian , Xu Qiao
Published: May 2020

The impact of laser conditioning (LC) fluence and pulse duration on nanosecond (ns) laser damage performance of deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystal is studied. The result shows that higher LC fluence leads to a better damage resistance. In general, the sub-nanosecond LC effect is better than the nanosecond LC. However, in the range of 0.3 ns to 0.8 ns, the pulse duration has no obvious impact on the LC effect. An ultra-fast process characterization technology is employed to demonstrate that the cleaning effect of the protuberance defects on the surface is one of sub-ns LC mechanism. Eventually, a couple of optimized LC parameters that doubled the maximum damage threshold of DKDP crystal is proposed.
BER evaluation in a multi-channel graphene-silicon photonic crystal hybrid interconnect: a study of fast- and slow-light effects
Authors: You Jie , Tao Zilong , Luo Yukun , Yang Jie , Zhang Jianghua , Zheng Xin , Cheng Xiangai , Jiang Tian
Published: May 2020

A comprehensive theoretical investigation on the bit-error ratio (BER) performance of multi-channel photonic interconnects operating in pulsed regimes is presented. Specifically, the optical link contains either a silicon photonic crystal (SiPhC) or a SiPhC-graphene (SiPhC-GRA) waveguide, possessing slow-light (SL) and fast-light (FL) regimes. A series of Gaussian pulses plus complex white noise are placed at input of each channel, with output signals demultiplexed and analyzed by a direct-detection receiver. Moreover, a rigorous theoretical model is proposed to measure signal propagation in SiPhC and SiPhC-GRA, which incorporates all crucial linear and nonlinear optical effects, as well as influences of free-carriers and SL effects. BER results of multi-channel systems are evaluated by utilizing the Fourier series Karhunen-Loeve expansion method. Our findings reveal that good BER performance is acquired at SiPhCs and SiPhC-GRAs in SL regimes but with their footprint about 2.5-fold smaller than FL waveguides. Moreover, the enhanced nonlinearity in SiPhC-GRAs induced by strong graphene-SiPhC coupling causes extra signal degradation than SiPhCs at the same length. This work provides additional insights into the coupling effect between SiPhCs operating in SL regimes and graphene, and their influence on WDM signal transmission, highlighting the potential applications of SiPhC-GRA interconnects in next-generation super-computing systems.
High-capacity multi-span transmission performance characterization of broadband discrete Raman amplifier
Authors: Krzczanowicz Lukasz , Iqbal Md Asif , Phillips Ian , Harper Paul , Forysiak Wladek
Published: May 2020

The performance of a multi-span transmission link compensated with a >75nm broadband discrete Raman amplifier is experimentally evaluated using multiple DP-x-QAM modulation formats over a multi-channel C + L band WDM grid with up to 182 × 50 GHz spaced channels.
Detection of spinning objects at oblique light incidence using the optical rotational Doppler effect: erratum
Authors: Qiu Song , Liu Tong , Ren Yuan , Li Zhimeng , Wang Chen , Shao Qiongling
Published: May 2020

An erratum is presented to correct funding section of [Opt. Express 27, 24781 (2019)10.1364/OE.27.024781.
Discrete evolution of temporal separation and relative phase for bound solitons in a mode-locked Yb fiber laser
Authors: Campos Cecília L. A. V. , Mélo Lucas B. A. , Acioli Lúcio H. , de Miranda Marcio H. G.
Published: May 2020

We report experimental measurements of structural soliton pairs in a mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. The quantization of the temporal separation and relative phase between the pair of dissipative solitons is clearly observed and, most interestingly, the transitions between different states as the pump power is varied show abrupt jumps. This is a clear signature of the discrete nature of the stable pair states. The typical separations are of the order of 1 ps and the separation changes are of the order of 100 fs, while the relative phase of the pulses jumps between π/2 → π/4 → π/2 as the pump power is increased.
Effects of cavity coupling on 1D defect modes: a theoretical model
Authors: Cui Libin , Zhang Shuai , Lv Linzheng , Xu Zhiyang , Hayat Anwer , Zhai Tianrui
Published: May 2020

We develop an analytical solution based on the cavity coupling that can be used to predict the output performance of the 1D defect modes. This solution gives a concise analytical expression of every emission wavelength of the defect modes with arbitrary defect numbers. The splitting and the resonance modes are explained qualitatively by the proposed theoretical model. The output performance obtained by the analytical solution are in good consistency with that obtained by the numerical simulations using the finite-difference time-domain method. These results may provide a useful alternative to customize the 1D coupled defect mode laser.
Campylobacter infection and household factors are associated with childhood growth in urban Bangladesh: An analysis of the MAL-ED study
Authors: Sanchez J. Johanna , Alam Md. Ashraful , Stride Christopher B. , Haque Md. Ahshanul , Das Subhasish , Mahfuz Mustafa , Roth Daniel E. , Sly Peter D. , Long Kurt Z. , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: May 2020

The dual burden of enteric infection and childhood malnutrition continues to be a global health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and death among children.Campylobacterinfection, in particular, is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. We examined longitudinal data to evaluate the trajectories of change in child growth, and to identify associations withCampylobacterinfection and household factors. The study analyzed data from 265 children participating in the MAL-ED Study in Mirpur, Bangladesh. We applied latent growth curve modelling to evaluate the trajectories of change in children’s height, as measured by length-for-age z-score (LAZ), from age 0–24 months. Asymptomatic and symptomaticCampylobacterinfections were included as 3- and 6-month lagged time-varying covariates, while household risk factors were included as time-invariant covariates. Maternal height and birth order were positively associated with LAZ at birth. An inverse association was found between increasing age and LAZ.Campylobacterinfection prevalence increased with age, with over 70% of children 18–24 months of age testing positive for infection. In the final model,Campylobacterinfection in the preceding 3-month interval was negatively associated with LAZ at 12, 15, and 18 months of age; similarly, infection in the preceding 6-month interval was negatively associated with LAZ at 15, 18, and 21 months of age. Duration of antibiotic use and access to treated drinking water were negatively associated withCampylobacterinfection, with the strength of the latter effect increasing with children’s age.Campylobacterinfection had a significant negative effect on child’s growth and this effect was most powerful between 12 and 21 months. The treatment of drinking water and increased antibiotic use have a positive indirect effect on linear child growth trajectory, acting via their association withCampylobacterinfection.
La influencia de la fama de las escuelas en la elección de centro escolar de las familias: un analisis etnográfico
Authors: Pélaez-Paz Carlos
Published: May 2020

La libertad de elección de centro de las familias ocupa un lugar central en la política pública educativa en nuestro contexto de cuasimercado escolar, aunque diversas voces afirman que es un factor que explica la segregación escolar en nuestro contexto. Nos preguntamos por el papel que desempeñan las representaciones sobre las escuelas —la «fama»— en la elección familiar y en qué medida se relaciona con la desigual distribución del alumnado. Presentamos los resultados de una etnografía con perspectiva holística y macroetnográfica realizada en tres áreas urbanas de la Comunidad de Madrid: el distrito de Usera en la capital y las ciudades de Leganés y Majadahonda, elegidas por sus diferencias en renta y presencia de población de origen extranjero. Las técnicas utilizadas han sido la observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad, analizado los datos según el método de análisis por categorización. La fama nos muestra que las «buenas razones» de la elección familiar se construyen y validan en la interacción cara-a-cara, en momentos y espacios de la vida cotidiana. Lo microsocial es la escala donde se construye la fama de un centro escolar y donde se van formando las decisiones familiares. La fama tiene que ver especialmente con la composición de la población escolar y la titularidad, y muestra la clasificación y jerarquía de las escuelas de la zona a la vez que guía las estrategias familiares de evitación hacia determinados grupos sociales. El estudio refuerza la idea de que la libertad de elección de centro favorece la segregación escolar, aunque cuestiona la centralidad de la segregación residencial como factor explicativo de la segregación escolar. Las relaciones entre los grupos sociales que subyacen a las imágenes de la fama evidencian que para explicar la segregación en el sistema educativo se ha de estudiar el efecto en la vida escolar de la estructura social y la sociabilidad en el territorio.
Diálogo con el 'Manifiesto por una pedagogía post-crítica' desde la esperanza como acción social transformadora
Authors: Pallarès Piquer Marc , Lozano Estivalis María
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es el análisis del Manifiesto por una Pedagogía Post-crítica, publicado por Hodgson, Vlieghe y Zamojski en el año 2017. Este manifiesto anuncia cinco principios que impulsan a la pedagogía post-crítica hacia una redefinición de los marcos de la educación y la formación. Presentamos acuerdos y desacuerdos respecto a estos cinco principios en base a la siguiente creencia: resulta necesario superar la reducción de la educación a una vía de adaptación y/o movilidad social, ya que la finalidad última de la pedagogía post-crítica debe ser profundizar en el desarrollo del sujeto pedagógico. El resultado de la investigación nos permite abogar por una pedagogía que, sujeta a la realidad y a lo que las cosas son, se erija en «una meta-en-sí», habilitada para analizar y reubicar las posibles instrumentalizaciones. Esto nos lleva a demandar una reformulación de lo social y lo político en tanto reclamo y revelación de ciertas distorsiones existentes, pero también en tanto intersección que aglutina los retos de la pedagogía. Se llega a la conclusión de que, a partir de una hermenéutica que vaya más allá del contraste entre comprensión y explicación, la esperanza puede brindarnos la oportunidad de conseguir que ciertas oportunidades y algunos retos sociales conviertan a las utopías en compromisos. Y lo hacemos porque concebimos la esperanza como una actitud generadora de transformaciones y como una aspiración articuladora de acciones humanas, no como un recurso quimérico que pretenda evitar la concreción de las directrices profesionales normativas que atañen a la pedagogía.
Sobre el 'Manifiesto por una pedagogía post-crítica': problemas de traducción a otras tradiciones
Authors: Huarte Cuéllar Renato
Published: May 2020

Hay diversas maneras de entender la traducción. Una de ellas tiene que ver con el aspecto de lo que se dice y cómo se dice en lenguas distintas. No obstante, como un problema filosófico, la traducción puede percibirse de diversas maneras y con implicaciones de diversa índole, vinculando el lenguaje con las formas de pensar, con las formas de actuar, entre otras. Desde esta perspectiva, se procurará ampliar este problema que ya identifican los autores en el propio Manifiesto en el sentido de dicho documento puede universalizarse. Si bien el Manifiesto busca dar cuenta, a partir de cinco principios, de la forma en la que nos podemos aproximar al fenómeno educativo, lo que se busca problematizar en este texto es la posibilidad de generalización del Manifiesto desde un contexto específico en el que ha sido escrito y pensado, digamos una tradición específica, y su posibilidad o imposibilidad de ser llevado hacia otras tradiciones o inclusive otros ámbitos de educación.Si bien el Manifiesto es un documento importante ya que pone en tensión diferentes problemáticas que han sido abordadas desde lo que los autores denominan la tradición anglófona/analítica de filosofía de la educación, se pondrá en evidencia, usando como ejemplo, el hecho de analizarlo desde la filosofía de la educación en lengua española, lo cual es un problema de suyo, pero que vincula la forma en que esta pretensión de universalización puede ser un límite a la propia propuesta. Si bien lo que pretenden los autores del Manifiesto busca expresamente el diálogo, tal vez éste pueda ser repensado en otras lógicas o desde otras perspectivas que no habían sido pensadas, como es el contexto de la filosofía o el pensamiento en castellano y las implicaciones que tiene para el estudio de los fenómenos educativos.
Cardiac troponin I as a cardiac biomarker has prognostic and predictive value for poor survival in Egyptian buffalo calves with foot-and-mouth disease
Authors: Aly Mahmoud , Nayel Mohamed , Salama Akram , Ghazy Emad , Elshahawy Ibrahim
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes huge economic losses in Egypt due to reductions in the production of red meat, milk, and milk by-products and can also lead to myocarditis in young animals. The aim of our study was to evaluate cardiac biomarkers, in particular cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and to reveal the relations of cardiac biomarkers with poor survival in FMD-infected Egyptian buffalo calves. Materials and Methods: Forty-two Egyptian buffalo calves were included in this study. The calves were divided into 12 apparently healthy control calves and 30 calves clinically diagnosed with FMD during a disease outbreak in Menofia and Behera Governorates, Egypt. The diseased calves were divided, according to age, into 13 calves <3 months old and 17 calves between 3 and 6 months old. The animals were examined clinically and subjected to analysis of cardiac biomarkers. Results: Biochemical analysis revealed significant elevations of cardiac biomarkers, especially creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in FMD-infected calves in comparison with control calves. There was a significant association between cTnI and poor survival in infected calves. Conclusion: Cardiac biomarkers could be used as a rapid method for diagnosis of myocarditis induced by FMD in Egyptian buffalo calves. In addition, cTnI is a very sensitive and accurate tool for determining myocardial cell damage in the earlier stages of the disease and a good predictor of poor survival in calves.
Chickpea production in response to fertilization with zinc and doses of phosphorus
Authors: Fonseca Jorge Henrique dos Santos , Almeida Neta Maria Nilfa , Pegoraro Rodinei Facco , Almeida Gbison Ferreira de , Costa Cândido Alves da , Almeida Elaine Soares de
Published: May 2020

Chickpea cultivation in Brazil has not yet been consolidated, and studies aiming at the adequate nutritional management for this crop are necessary. This work aimed to evaluate the production of chickpea plants (cultivar BRS Aleppo) subjected to fertilization with zinc and P doses. The experimental was completely randomized, with four replications, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to three fertilization treatments with Zn (without Zn addition; 50% of Zn applied at sowing, via soil + 50% applied at flowering, via leaves; and 100% applied at sowing, via soil) and five doses of phosphorus (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 of P2O5). The 100-grain mass (M100), pod mass (MV), number of pods (NV), number of grains (NG), total grain mass (MGT), yield (PROD), dry matter of the shoot part (MSPA) and plant residues (MSRV), and agronomic efficiency (EA) were characterized. There was an isolated effect of the P doses on the M100, MGT, PROD, MSPA, and MSRV characteristics. The application of 240 kg ha-1 resulted in an increase in the production components and a maximum yield of 3,018 kg ha-1, indicating the need to adopt higher doses of P2O5 to increase chickpea production in tropical soils. However, the highest agronomic efficiency was obtained after the application of 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5, along with Zn at sowing.
Tecnologias digitais nos currículos prescritos de Matemática no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Dias Marcelo de Oliveira , Santos Leonor , Barbosa Jonei Cerqueira
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa de currículos prescritos recentes, referentes à utilização de tecnologias digitais na aprendizagem matemática no Brasil e em Portugal. Foram considerados os anos finais do ensino fundamental no Brasil, correspondendo em Portugal ao último ano do 2.º ciclo e todo o 3.º ciclo. A análise teve por base o quadro de referência do Projeto Matemática 2030 da OCDE. A tendência evidenciada na comparação dos currículos desses países se remete à ênfase na literacia digital, trazendo perspectivas aos estudantes para que utilizem aplicações interativas em processos que envolvem exploração, comunicação e representação. Foram constatadas ênfases precipitadas e reducionistas na abordagem ao pensamento computacional nos documentos de ambos os países. Suscita-se, portanto, a necessidade de reflexão dos responsáveis pela elaboração dos currículos e de novas pesquisas para sua inserção em futuras reformas dos Programas de Matemática desses países.
Cartografiando Experiencias al Interior de la Escuela Rural: Profesores de Matemática y el Dispositivo Evaluación
Authors: Tamayo Carolina , Oviedo Derly Johana Martínez , Martínez Jáder Sneider Serna , Osorio Julián Andrés Arrubla
Published: May 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el problema de investigación, el horizonte conceptual, la ruta metodológica, algunos resultados de una investigación de maestría en desarrollo. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo (re)significar la evaluación en cuanto dispositivo presente en el currículo escolar de Matemática con profesores de tres Instituciones Educativas Rurales del Suroeste Antioqueño (Colombia). Con base en los trabajos de Michel Foucault y las teorías post-estructuralistas del currículo, buscamos cartografiar las experiencias vividas al interior de dichas instituciones, problematizando con profesores la evaluación en cuanto dispositivo de control presente en el currículo escolar de Matemática. Con esta experiencia hemos venido construyendo caminos junto a los profesores entorno al objeto de estudio, como proceso de constante reflexión sobre la escuela rural. Es así como la evaluación puede ser vista como proceso constante en el cual intervienen diferentes culturas, permitiendo el trabajo en grupo y experiencias investigativas en el aula.
Movimentos e referenciais curriculares que integram o desenvolvimento do ensino da Matemática no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Andrade Luísa Silva , Kaiber Carmen Teresa
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta aspectos do contexto educativo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, tendo como fio condutor o desenvolvimento curricular da Matemática nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental a partir de 1970. A riqueza de dados sobre os movimentos e ações que foram constituindo a educação no Estado, bem como o entendimento sobre a importância dos mesmos, no cenário educativo atual, motivaram a busca pela organização desses achados. Destaca-se a importância, principalmente nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, das ações do Grupo de Estudos sobre o Ensino da Matemática de Porto Alegre (GEEMPA), as quais deram protagonismo a professores e pesquisadores. Emergiu das reflexões em torno da pesquisa o entendimento de que, no Estado, as ações educativas procuram alinhar-se ao que está sendo desenvolvido em nível nacional e estão fortemente relacionadas à visão política que os sucessivos governos têm da educação, o que pode levar a rupturas no trabalho realizado.
Gênero na matemática escolar: um ato de resistência política
Authors: Godoy Elenilton Vieira , Musha Fernanda Dartora , Lima Yasmin Cartaxo , Silva Marcio Antonio da
Published: May 2020

De onde menos se poderia imaginar - aulas e livros de matemática – é possível discutir temas relacionados a gênero, subvertendo a lógica conservadora que busca abafar até a morte essas discussões. Sim, a matemática pode ser uma disciplina escolar estratégica para que a não-neutralidade dos currículos se manifeste colocando em movimento ações de contraconduta às relações de poder postas pelo conservadorismo de certas parcelas da sociedade brasileira. Por intermédio de alguns exemplos que apresentam resultados de investigações realizadas por pesquisadorxs de duas universidades públicas brasileiras, pretende-se responder à questão: O que pode um currículo de matemática, no que concerne às discussões sobre questões de gênero? Esses exemplos deveriam ser reverberados, sempre que possível, nos espaços escolar e de formação de docentes que ministram matemática intencionando experienciar situações em que a matemática possa conflitar em vez de consensuar, neste caso, a dominação masculina e o arquétipo submisso e recatado da mulher.
Нормативные представления о мизандрии у женщин двух поколений
Authors: Пяткова Елена Сергеевна , Савинская Ольга Борисовна
Published: May 2020

Статья посвящена исследованию феномена мизандрии, который характеризуется проявлением негативных установок по отношению к нормативным стандартам мужественности мужчин со стороны женщин. Формирование нового понимания женственности и мужественности, расширение нормативных границ гендерных идентичностей приводят к возникновению нового концепта мизандрии. Он фиксирует перенесение на мужчин некоторых характеристик гегемонной маскулинности, признаваемых в традиционной культуре как негативные, но нормативно допустимые, и закрепляет такие характеристики в гендерных стереотипах современного общества. Эти стереотипы становятся основанием для дискриминации и подавления мужчин, а также для переопределения представлений женщин о нормативной мужественности. В теоретической части статьи описано общее представление о феномене мизандрии и его месте в обществе, рассмотрены исследования, касающиеся сексизма в отношении мужчин и мизандристских установок.

Эмпирическая база исследования — интервью и онлайн-опрос женщин двух поколений в возрасте от 18 до 55 лет. В исследовании использована стратегия смешивания методов, которая включала последовательно качественный (сбор глубинных интервью) и количественный (онлайн-опрос) этапы. Операционализирован и детально описан феномен мизандрии, в частности, выявлены и охарактеризованы его четыре основных компонента. В рамках количественного этапа разработана шкала мизандрии, которая позволила оценить ее уровень проявления у двух поколений и связь с социально-демографическими характеристиками.
Концептуальные модели межкультурных отношений в процессе формирования идентичностей индивидов и групп
Authors: Шарков Феликс Изосимович , Якушина Ольга Игоревна
Published: May 2020

В статье представлено исследование межкультурных отношений и процесса формирования идентичностей индивидов и групп для определения динамики социокультурных изменений в современном обществе. Раскрывается социальная детерминированность межкультурной коммуникации индивидов и групп, приводятся варианты типологизации концепций межкультурного взаимодействия. Рассматриваются способы организации пространства в культурно разнообразном обществе, идентификационные стратегии формирования идентичностей индивидов и групп. На основе анализа моделей и подходов к процессам взаимодействия в многокультурной среде общества выявляются основные тенденции межкультурного взаимодействия и их роль в сохранении устойчивости идентичностей индивидов и групп.
Миграция как новая революция в современной Европе. Рец. на кн.: Крастев И. После Европы. М.: Издательский дом «Дело» РАНХиГС, 2018
Authors: Назаров Александр Данилович , Назарова Елена Александровна
Published: May 2020

В 2018 г. была издана на русском языке книга известного политолога Ивана Крастева «После Европы». Хотя в международном политическом дискурсе поднятая в ней тема об истоках, современных трудностях развития и о будущем Европейского союза, переживающего миграционный кризис, широко обсуждается в экспертном сообществе, в научной публицистике нашей страны ее многие аспекты до сих пор не получили распространения.

В связи с этим в статье сделана попытка дать краткий обзор идей этого ученого, подробнее остановиться на роли массового притока в Европу мигрантов с Ближнего Востока, Южной Азии и Северной Африки в политической дестабилизации, расцвете ультраправого популизма, непростых вопросах, вставших перед странами Восточной Европы, а также тревожной политической и экономической перспективе, ожидающей всю Европу в случае распада ЕС.
Роль гендерных стереотипов в отсеве студентов инженерно-технического профиля
Authors: Малошонок Наталья Геннадьевна , Щеглова Ирина Александровна
Published: May 2020

Движение к гендерному паритету в области инженерных, математических и компьютерных наук является одной из ключевых задач при повышении количества и качества подготовки выпускников данных специальностей. Как показывают предыдущие исследования, гендерная сегрегация заключается не только в том, что меньшее количество девушек выбирает направления подготовки инженерно-технического профиля, но и в том, что во время обучения девушки чаще склонны не заканчивать данные образовательные программы. Статья посвящена выявлению различий в масштабах и факторах отсева юношей и девушек из вуза на основе данных всероссийского лонгитюдного исследования студентов, поступивших в 2015 г. на компьютерные и инженерные направления подготовки. Показано, что в целом девушки реже, чем юноши, отчисляются из университета по результатам первых трех семестров. Однако наличие гендерных стереотипов негативно связано с их вероятностью получить диплом. Девушки, убежденные в том, что их одногруппники считают юношей более способными к изучению математики, имеют большую вероятность быть отчисленными из вуза.

Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта 19-013-00675 «Факторы выбытия студентов инженерных направлений подготовки в российских вузах». Авторы выражают огромную благодарность членам исследовательского коллектива за помощь в подготовке материалов и предоставление данных для анализа: Игорю Сергеевичу Чирикову, директору консорциума «Student Experience in Research University», ведущему научному сотруднику Калифорнийского университета в Беркли, научному руководителю Центра социологии высшего образования НИУ ВШЭ; Евгении Дмитриевне Шмелевой, научному сотруднику Центра социологии высшего образования НИУ ВШЭ.
Regelabweichungen zum Schaden und Nutzen der Organisationen
Authors: Kühl Stefan
Published: May 2020

In der Forschung über Devianz wird in der Regel davon ausgegangen, dass eigennützige Regelabweichungen von Organisationsmitgliedern für die Organisation schädlich sind. Dabei wird eine Differenz zu für die Organisation funktionalen Regelabweichungen markiert. Basierend auf der Sekundäranalyse zentraler Studien über Unterschlagungen, Korruption oder Abstinenz von Organisationsmitgliedern wird in diesem Beitrag nach einer möglichen Funktionalität dieser Devianz für die Organisation gefragt. Während es sich in vielen Fällen um eine Schädigung von Organisation handelt, kann es – so das Argument – Fälle geben, in denen die Duldung von Unterschlagung, Korruption und Abstinenz als Teil eines informalen Belohnungs- und Anreizsystems genutzt wird.
Contemporary Management of Secondary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Goel Kashish , Barker Colin M , Lindenfeld JoAnn
Published: May 2020

Secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) is a common occurrence in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Moderate-severe or severe SMR is associated with increased mortality and hospitalisations from heart failure. Medical and cardiac resynchronisation therapies have been the only treatments proven to improve prognosis in this patient population. The Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy (COAPT) and the Percutaneous Repair with the MitraClip Device for Severe Functional/Secondary Mitral Regurgitation (MITRA-FR) RCTs evaluated transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for treatment of SMR in addition to medical therapy and they had divergent results. The COAPT trial demonstrated that a reduction in SMR with MitraClip resulted in reduced mortality and heart failure hospitalisations along with improved symptoms and quality of life in appropriately selected patients. The MITRA-FR trial did not show any benefit from using MitraClip for patients with SMR. This article summarises the differences in these two trials and suggests a contemporary approach to the management of SMR.
I. A. Ilyin About Experience of Difficult life Situations
Authors: Romanov Konstantin M.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. In a context of the psychological analysis of the scientific heritage of the famous Russian philosopher I. A. Ilyin, the problem of experiencing difficultness and critical life situations is considered. He believed that such situations are integral companions of human life. Therefore, a person should be ready to meet them. Raising an active and responsible attitude to difficult situations is a very important area of preparing young people for life. Results. The key concepts of the author are the categories of “suffering” and “patience”. He regarded patience as a mental property of a person and as a process or a particular activity of a subject aimed at experiencing a difficult life situation. The methods of strengthening patience and effective ways of experiencing difficulties in life are analyzed in detail: the inclusion of a difficult situation in a wider life context, communication with loved ones, prayer to God, distraction from experience, strengthening faith in yourself, constructive work with your imagination, etc. Discussion and Conclusion. The problem of understanding the meaning of suffering is considered. Not only negative, but also positive elements of suffering are highlighted. The approach proposed by I. A. Ilyin to the phenomenon of suffering and patience is of great practical importance.
Structure and profitability of the noble household according to the estimated descriptions of the State Nobility land bank at the end of XIX century (according to the materials of the Kazan province)
Authors: Fedoseev Roman V.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The study of the processes that took place in the post-reform era in the noble economy is one of the main foundations of the analysis of the capitalist evolution of the agrarian sphere of the late XIX – early XX centuries. After the reform of 1861, the local nobility, adapting to the needs of the time, switched to new forms and methods of management, which led to significant changes in the production structure of their estates. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the valuables contained in the files of the Kazan branch of the State Noble Land Bank, extracted from the fund of the specified credit institution, located in the vaults of the National Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan. Results. The information contained in the appraisal list makes it possible to successfully consider the structure of estates, their material base, as well as the degree of profitability of the main branches of economic activity. Of course, not all inventories contained detailed information about the pledged property, many of them lacked some elements, in particular, there could be no listing of income and expenses and other valuable information, but in general they revealed the structure, degree of capitalization and profitability of the noble households Kazan province of the period under review. Discussion and Conclusions. As a result, the study showed that, by the end of the 19th century, noble economies were rather large economic complexes with a well-developed material and production base, where labor was most often carried out on the job of civilian workers, or wasp processing, most of the estates had a variety of agricultural machines and inventory, horse breeding was quite developed, livestock breeding was less developed.
Development of Timber Industry Complex as a Tool for the Realization of Regional Modernization Processes in the Second Half of the XX Century (on the Example of Karelia)
Authors: Kulagin Oleg I.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The development of industry in the economic history of Russia often became one of the main factors in the activation of modernization processes. Moreover, during the periods of modernization breakthroughs, the most developed and vital sectors for the state developed most actively. These include the development of metallurgy, mechanical engineering, the coal and oil industries, etc. It is important to understand how the development of a particular industrial sector influenced the development of modernization processes in Russian regions. The study of regional specifics makes it possible to more thoroughly reveal the features of the implementation of Russian modernization processes, since only macro trends can be traced at the national level. The timber industry complex (TIC) is always an important element of the Soviet and then the Russian economy. Karelia during the second half of the twentieth century developed as a single-industry region with a predominant development of the timber industry sectors. As a result, the timber industry complex became an instrument for implementing modernization processes in the republic, which could not but affect the state and development of the region’s resource potential. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of mainly statistical materials reflecting the influence of the timber industry sectors on the development of regional modernization processes. Studying the regional features of the socio-economic development of Karelia as a single-industry region allows us to identify the features of modernization in certain regions of Russia, in which the development of the timber industry sectors has become the basis of economic development. In the research process, historical-systemic, historical-dynamic, historical-comparative, historical-genetic were used. Results. In the course of the analysis of statistical data on Karelia, the main trends in the production, socio-infrastructural and demographic development of the republic were identified under the influence of the development of the timber industry sectors. The main reasons that led to a gradual decrease in indicators of socio-economic development were identified. It was shown that the common cause of the decrease in the resource potential of Karelia was the preservation for decades of a one-sided orientation towards the development of mainly the timber industry sectors. Discussion and Conclusion. During the period under review, Karelia was formed as a single-industry region with a predominant development of the timber industry sectors, which directly affected the success of the modernization processes in the republic. Outlined since the mid-1960s a decline in the development of the timber industry sectors of the republic led to a decrease in timber production, a general decline in industrial production, poorly developed sectors for the production of consumer goods, and a lack of developed social infrastructure.
Daily life of the population of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945: based on the materials of the Atyashevsky district of the Mordovian ASSR
Authors: Mariskin Oleg I.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article explores the daily life of the rear region during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The workers of the Atyashevsky district of the Mordovian ASSR, like all Soviet people, stood up for the Fatherland. The Great Patriotic war made fundamental changes in the way of life of the home front. Women, children, and old men who replaced men gone to the front often worked around the clock and slept in their workplaces. Results and Discussion. During the war, many types of agricultural work were performed manually. In the rear, food shortages caused difficulties in supplying the population with food. It was no better to provide food for the families of front-line soldiers. Collective farmers and sole peasants began to pay personal land, since then the main source of food. The villagers grew many of the crops that were previously produced by farmers on arable land, but in much smaller amounts. Workers of the district led to the construction of fortifications – the Sursky defense line. Conclusion. The war is leaving the past, its participants, soldiers’ widows and mothers are still less alive, but the feat accomplished by the soldiers and workers of the rear during the years of the Great Patriotic War is immortal.
Monitoreo de Spodoptera spp. en caña de azúcar: uso de trampas con feromonas sexuales
Authors: Salazar Blanco Jose Daniel , Cadet Piedra Eduardo , González Fuentes Francisco
Published: May 2020

Introducción. El gusano cogollero, Spodoptera frugiperda, es una de las plagas más devastadoras a nivel mundial. Aunque de origen americano, este insecto amenaza la seguridad alimentaria de todo el orbe. La razón es que su polifagia y adaptabilidad se combinan con los efectos del cambio climático. En Costa Rica las especies del orden Spodoptera son consideradas plagas menores en el cultivo de la caña de azúcar; no obstante, existe un desconocimiento sobre la dinámica poblacional de polillas de este género. Objetivo. Monitorear las poblaciones de las especies S. frugiperda, S. sunia y S. exigua en una plantación de caña de azúcar. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se efectuó en una plantación de caña de azúcar variedad CC 01-1940, ubicada en Guanacaste, Costa Rica, entre febrero de 2018 y mayo de 2019. Se emplearon trampas con feromonas sexuales formuladas para S. frugiperda, S. sunia y S. exigua, cada feromona correspondió a un tratamiento y se colocaron diez repeticiones de cada uno. Se comparó la abundacia de cada especie y se correlacionó con distintas variables climatológicas. Resultados. El mayor porcentaje de capturas correspondió a S. frugiperda, seguido por S. sunia, mientras que las capturas de S. exigua fueron marginales. Tanto para S. frugiperda como para S. sunia, los meses de la estación seca favorecieron mayores poblaciones, por lo que factores como mayor temperatura promedio, amplitud térmica y menor humedad relativa se asociaron con mayores capturas en las trampas. Conclusiones. Aumentos en la temperatura promedio y disminución de periodos de lluvia, podrían incrementar la incidencia del género Spodoptera como plagas en la producción cañera.
Mapeo de un gen implicado en segregación distorsionada en poblaciones interespecíficas de tomate
Authors: Barrantes Santamaría Walter , Granell Antonio , Monforte Antonio Jose
Published: May 2020

Introducción. La segregación distorsionada (SD) ocurre cuando los genotipos esperados no corresponden a los observados, lo que favorece alelos de un solo parental. Este fenómeno se observó en poblaciones intermedias provenientes del cruce entre Solanum pimpinellifolium y el cultivar Moneymaker deSolanum lycopersicum, desarrolladas durante el proceso de construcción de una genoteca de líneas de introgresión. Objetivo. Obtener recombinantes informativos que permitan mapear físicamente una región con SD asociado a la especie silvestre Solanum pimpinellifolium. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se desarrolló en el Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP) adscrito al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) con sede en la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España. Se cribó una población de 2000 plantas para identificar recombinantes en dicha región, con una modificación de la técnica fusión de alta resolución (high resolution melting, HRM-Multiplex). Estos recombinantes se autofecundaron, y mediante el estadístico Chi-cuadrado se determinó si marcadores SNP identificados dentro de la región diana tenían una segregación normal (1:2:1) o distorsionada para cada recombinante informativo seleccionado. Resultados. Se generaron e identificaron 54 recombinantes informativos, que se agruparon en 10 bins de acuerdo con el sitio físico de recombinación. Se logró acotar la región con segregación distorsionada hasta obtener un tamaño final de 84 Kb, la cual se localizó en el extremo distal del brazo largo del cromosoma 4. Esta región contiene gran cantidad de genes, algunos de los cuales están relacionados con procesos de fecundación, esterilidad y división celular entre otros, que podrían estar relacionados con el fenómeno estudiado. Conclusión. Se localizó un gen que provoca una distorsión en la segregación en un intervalo de 84 Kb y que posiblemente sea el gen Ge descrito por Rick en 1966.
Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Mycoplasma Spp. isolated from awassi sheep in Al-Muthana Province, Iraq
Authors: KSHASH Q. H. , AL-RAOW L. A.
Published: May 2020

This study was carried out for molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Mycoplasma spp. in Awassi sheep in Al-Muthana province, Iraq. A total of 270 milk samples and swabs were collected from infected sheep. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was performed to detect a specific 16S rRNA gene of Mycoplasma spp. in these samples. Forty-four positive samples (16.2%) were identified, from which eight samples were selected for partial-gene sequencing. Then, alignment, com-parison with referencing isolates in GenBank, and phylogenetic tree were performed using mean (UPGMA tree) in a MEGA software. The analyses revealed high homology between the current Iraqi isolates and American and Sweden Mycoplasma strains. The present molecular study showed that the studied Iraqi Awassi sheep were infected with Mycoplasma spp. with higher detection percentage from ocular swabs than from other types of samples. The phylogenic analysis registered eight Iraqi isolates with accession numbers in the GenBank with high similarity to five referencing Mycoplasma species.
Conversion from Extended-Dose-Release Tacrolimus to Melt-Dose Tacrolimus in High Metabolizer Patients: Is the New Formulation of LPCT the Best Option for High Metabolizer Kidney Transplanted Patients?
Authors: Carta Paolo , Curci Federica , Caroti Leonardo , Aida Larti , Di Maria Lorenzo , Cirami Lino
Published: May 2020

Tacrolimus (FK506) is the most widely used anti-rejection drug in kidney transplantation, especially its extended release Tacrolimus formulation (ER-Tac, Advagraf), which is used when target blood levels can be difficult to reach in high metabolizer patients. In this retrospective monocentric study, we analyzed the effect of a switch from ER-Tac to LifeCycle Pharma Tacrolimus (LPCT, Envarsus) on the dose/level ratio of FK506 in high metabolizer patients that cannot achieve target blood levels in the first 6 months after transplantation.We observed a statistically significant improvement in the level to dose ratio after the switch. Renal function remained stable. We also observed a reduction in the development of tremors.
Our data suggest that LPCT can be used in a safer way in high metabolizer kidney transplant recipients.
Practitioners’ Involvement and Challenges, they Encountered in Curriculum Development: The Case of Secondary Schools in Amhara Sayint Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Melesse Solomon , Melesse Mulu
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to assess practitioners’ perceived involvement and challenges they encountered in the process of curriculum development in Secondary schools of Amhara Sayintworeda. Mixed research design was employed to provide answer to the basic questions of this research. The sample consisted of 125 secondary school teachers, 3 school principals, 4 vice principals, and 1 supervisor. Proportional random sampling technique was used to select the sample teachers and comprehensive sampling technique was used to select the sample school principals, vice principals, and the supervisor. The data was collected through questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The collected data was analyzed using percentage, one sample t-test and thematic description. The findings indicated low practitioners’ perceived involvement in all the curriculum development phases other than curriculum implementation. Absence of financial and material incentives and practitioners’ lack of motivation were considered as the major inhibiting factors for practitioners’ involvement in the different phases of the curriculum development process. On the basis of the major findings, relevant recommendations are suggested in the paper.
Academic Resilience among Young Adults
Authors: Anagha S. , Navyashree G. C.
Published: May 2020

Young adults are in an intermediate phase as they are emerging from adolescence to adulthood. During adolescence , they face various distractions which creates a significant impact on their academic performance. Sometimes it may also result is academic failures. Academic resilience is the ability to cope with failures during the educative years in one’s life. The extent to which an individual is resilient, is affected by the support and encouragement received during the time of crisis. This study measures the level of academic resilience across gender and course of study among young adults who have had low academic performance in II PUC /12th grades and explores the combined affect of gender and course of study on academic resilience. The data was collected from 61 participants, ( 26 females and 35 males) using Google forms, across the states of Karnataka and Kerala.The Academic Resilience Scale [ARS-30] by Martin,A.J. and Marsh,H. (2006) was used for assessing the academic resilience, The data represented normal distribution, hence Two-way ANOVA is used for statistical analysis. The results revealed that males are academically more resilient.Significant difference is seen among participants,across their course of study, with respect to the level of academic resilience.There is significant interaction effect of gender and course of study on academic resilience among young adults.
Human-Nature Connection And Mental Health: What Do We Know So Far?
Authors: Chavaly Divya , Naachimuthu K. P.
Published: May 2020

The rapid deterioration of both the natural environment and mental health calls attention to investigate the link between their parallel decline. Anticipating the need for an analysis of the same, the present paper attempts to summarise the literature covering human-nature connection and its implications for mental health in terms of research, therapy and intervention. The papers reviewed are organised under three sections. The first section delineates the effects of nature exposure on health and conceptualises the various nature-based therapies and techniques in literature. The second section includes the literature on Nature Deficit Disorder- a term, given by Richard Louv, referring to the collective consequences of disconnect with nature among today’s children. Finally, the third section includes evidences that support rebuilding the connection through outdoor education and the importance of turning to indigenous ways of teaching for a better impact.