bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of high commitment work practices on radical innovation: innovative work behaviour and knowledge sharing as mediators
Authors: Thneibat Motasem M.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Building on social exchange theory (SET), the main aim of this paper is to empirically study the impact of high-commitment work practices (HCWPs) systems on radical innovation. Additionally, the paper examines the mediating roles of employee innovative work behaviour (IWB) and knowledge sharing (KS) in the relationship between HCWPs and radical innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a survey questionnaire, data were collected from employees working in pharmaceutical, manufacturing and technological industries in Jordan. A total of 408 employees participated in the study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) using AMOS v28 was employed to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

This research found that HCWPs in the form of a bundle of human resource management (HRM) practices are significant for employee IWB and KS. However, similar to previous studies, this paper failed to find a direct significant impact for HCWPs on radical innovation. Rather, the impact was mediated by employee IWB. Additionally, this paper found that HCWPs are significant for KS and that KS is significant for employee IWB.

Originality/value

Distinctively, this paper considered the mediating effect of employee IWB on radical innovation. Extant research treated IWB as a consequence of organisational arrangements such as HRM practices; this paper considered IWB as a foundation and source for other significant organisational outcomes, namely radical innovation. Additionally, the paper considered employees' perspectives in studying the relationship between HRM, KS, IWB and radical innovation.
Ownership structure, board characteristics, and performance of Indonesian Islamic rural banks
Authors: Mai Muhamad Umar , Nansuri Ruhadi , Setiawan Setiawan
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the influence of ownership structure and board characteristics on the performance of Indonesian Islamic rural banks (IRB) using the system generalized method of moment model.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses Indonesian IRB unbalanced annual panel data from 2016 to 2022. IRB performance is measured by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and nonperforming financing (NPF). The ownership structure is represented by controlling shareholders, ownership of the board of directors (BD) and ownership of the board of commissioners (BC). Meanwhile, board characteristics are represented by the size of the BC, the proportion of female board directors and female president directors.

Findings

The results show that the ownership structure and board characteristics play an important role in improving the IRB’s performance. Technically, the results show that the size of the BC and the ownership of the BD increase all IRB performance measures. Female president directors and controlling shareholders improve IRB’s performance as measured by ROA and ROE. Women’s boards of directors improve IRB performance as measured by NPF. Meanwhile, the ownership of the BC does not show its effect on all IRB performance measures.

Research limitations/implications

This study fills a literature gap on the influence of ownership structure and board characteristics on IRB Indonesia’s performance. In addition, it adds understanding and insight for Islamic bank regulators, management and IRB depositors in Indonesia.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to provide an empirical survey on the influence of controlling shareholders and board characteristics on IRB performance, particularly in Indonesia.
Broadening participation in STEM, caring intelligence as a leadership intelligence: perspectives of HBCU faculty leaders
Authors: Hendrickson Kenny A. , Askew Karyl
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Within the scope of broadening participation and developing diverse talents in STEM leadership, this paper aims to deliver a research study that explores faculty leaders’ caring intelligence as STEM leadership intelligence. STEM leadership intelligence is the knowledge, skills, traits and aptitude essential to effective leadership in STEM education.

Design/methodology/approach

A previously developed STEM caring-oriented academic managerial leadership framework (SCAMLF) and a typology of STEM faculty leadership styles were used to thematically analyze the caring intelligence and leadership qualities of STEM faculty leaders. Interview transcripts of 18 STEM faculty leaders at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), provided by the Center for the Advancement of STEM Leadership (CASL), were used as data in this study.

Findings

The empirical evidence gained from this study highlighted important themes, descriptors and narratives for exploring caring intelligence and leadership intelligence of STEM faculty leadership in HBCUs.

Research limitations/implications

Although the generalizability of the study is limited because of the sample size, STEM caring was found to be the most common dimension present in the reflections of participating STEM faculty leaders with diverse leadership styles. Implications for future research on STEM leadership intelligence were discussed.

Originality/value

Studying caring intelligence as a form of leadership intelligence provides a new and innovative means of assessing STEM leadership intelligence. Caring intelligence can be employed to predict the mindset, performance and behaviors of STEM faculty leaders.
My privacy at risk – my guard is on: a study of SNS use among young adults
Authors: Handa Meenakshi , Bhalla Ronika , Ahuja Parul
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Increasing incidents of privacy invasion on social networking sites (SNS) are intensifying the concerns among stakeholders about the misuse of personal data. However, there seems to be limited research on exploring the impact of specific privacy concerns on users’ intention to engage in various privacy protection behaviors. This study aims to examine the role of social privacy concerns, institutional privacy concerns and privacy self-efficacy as antecedents of privacy protection–related control activities intention among young adults active on SNS.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected from 284 young adults active on SNS was analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling using Smart PLS.

Findings

The results indicate that institutional privacy concerns, social privacy concerns and privacy self-efficacy positively influence the control activities intention of SNS users. The extent of privacy self-efficacy and privacy protection-related control activities intention differs among users based on gender.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to a population of young adults in the age group of 18–25 years.

Practical implications

The findings of this study form the basis for specific recommendations addressing the different types of privacy concerns experienced by social media users, promoting responsible privacy control behaviors on online platforms and discouraging the possible misuse of information by third parties.

Originality/value

This study validates a theoretical framework that can contribute to future investigations concerning the use of SNS. The study findings form the basis for a set of practical recommendations for policymakers, SNS platforms and users.
Does simultaneous adoption of drought‐tolerant maize varieties and organic fertiliser affect productivity and welfare outcomes? Evidence from rural Nigeria
Authors: Oyetunde‐Usman Zainab , Shee Apurba , Abdoulaye Tahirou
Published: January 2024

The promotion of improved maize varieties and chemical fertilisers underscores many policy approaches addressing multiple production risks such as poor soil fertility and drought. However, the unsustainable use of chemical fertilisers has important implications for soil degradation. The synergies between improved maize varieties and sustainable land use management practices such as the use of organic fertilisers (e.g., manure) are poorly documented, despite the role of manure in enhancing soil organic matter. Employing nationally representative household survey data in Nigeria, this study utilises multivalued inverse probability weighted regression adjustment, entropy balancing and a multinomial endogenous switching regression model to determine the effects of the adoption of drought‐tolerant maize varieties (DTMVs) and organic fertiliser on farm households' productivity, per capita total expenditure and per capita food expenditure. Controlling for farm households' observables and unobservables, the estimation results of the average treatment effects show that the highest pay‐off on productivity and welfare outcomes is achieved when DTMVs and manure are jointly adopted. Also, wealth indicators, access to loans and access to extension services significantly influenced individual and combinatory packages of DTMVs and manure application adoption. This study underlines the significance of the joint adoption of DTMVs and manure application on rural farmers' productivity and welfare and a substantial contribution to achieving sustainable agricultural practices.
Simulating policy options for improving household resilience to food demand shocks in the context of West Africa
Authors: Ansah Isaac Gershon Kodwo , Gardebroek Cornelis , Ihle Rico
Published: January 2024

Policy interest often focuses on specific instruments that effectively enhance household resilience to food security shocks. Based on microeconomic household demand and resilience theory, this paper investigates to what extent increased household resilience capacities result in household food consumption being more robust to adverse food price and income shocks. Using nationally representative household data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey, baseline parameters estimated from a micro‐econometric quadratic almost ideal demand system are used to simulate the impacts of income and price shocks on food demand of urban and rural non‐poor as well as urban and rural poor households. We assess how policy instruments that increase household resilience capacities, proxied by the values of assets owned, livestock, or household crop buffer stocks, affect shocks' impacts on food demand. Results show that a 20% general increase in food prices induces a demand switch from all other foods to basic staples and miscellaneous foods while a 20% reduction in available food expenditure dampens demand for pulses, greens, protein foods, and oils. Policy instruments that increase assets, livestock, and crop stocks of only poor households are more beneficial to the urban poor—increasing their demand for greens, protein foods, and oils—than policy instruments that raise resilience capacities of all households. On the other hand, rural poor households' protein demand tends to be enhanced by a general increase in assets, livestock, and crop buffer stocks. These findings illustrate that governments in low‐income countries should focus their policy efforts on ensuring food affordability by avoiding price peaks for those food commodities playing major roles in typical national diets. We also conclude that the ongoing Investment for Food and Jobs policy in Ghana helps improving poor households' resilience capacities by raising their buffer stocks, boosting their assets, or increasing the number of livestock kept.
Comparison of feature selection and data fusion of Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy for identifying watercolor ink
Authors: Zou Yingfang , Zhang Aolin , Wang Xiaobin , Yang Lei , Ding Meng
Published: January 2024

The identification of different kinds of watercolor inks is an important work in the field of forensic science. Four different kinds of watercolor ink Spectroscopy data fusion strategies (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy) combined with a non‐linear classification model (Extreme Learning Machine) were used to identify the brand of watercolor inks. The study chose Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS), Random Frog (RF), Variable Combination Population Analysis‐Genetic Algorithm (VCPA‐GA), and Variable Combination Population Analysis‐Iteratively Retains Informative Variables (VCPA‐IRIV) to extract characteristic variables for mid‐level data fusion. The Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is used to optimize the extreme learning machine classification model. The results showed that the classification capacity of the mid‐level fusion spectra model was more satisfactory than that of single Infrared spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy. The CS‐ELM models based on infrared spectroscopy used to recognize the watercolor ink according to brands (ZHENCAI, DELI, CHENGUANG, and STAEDTLER) obtained an accuracy of 66.67% in the test set using all spectral datasets. The accuracy of CS‐ELM models based on Raman spectroscopy was 67.39%. The characteristic wavelength selection algorithms effectively improved the accuracy of the CS‐ELM models. The classification accuracy of the mid‐level spectroscopy fusion model combined with the VCPA‐IRIV algorithm was 100%. The data fusion method increased effectively spectral information. The method could satisfactorily identify different brands of watercolor inks and support the preservation of artifacts, paintings, and forensic document examination.
Male‐biased sex ratios, marriage, and household composition in early twentieth‐century Hawai‘i
Authors: Halliday Timothy , La Croix Sumner , Price Joseph , Van Leeuwen Jacob
Published: January 2024

Immigration to Hawai‘i between 1870 and 1930 led to a more than six‐fold increase in population and high and rapidly varying sex ratios in the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, and Caucasian populations of marriageable age. Using complete populations of the 1910, 1920, and 1930 Territorial Censuses of Hawai‘i, we estimate how male‐biased ethnic sex ratios affected choices of second‐generation men and women of marriageable age. Econometric results indicate that within‐group and extra‐group sex ratios impact the likelihood of males and females to marry, to marry a spouse from another ethnic group, to have children, and to live in larger households.
Thrombosis risk with haemoglobin C trait and haemoglobin C disease: A systematic review
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Sharma Deva , Stephens Laura D. , Figueroa Villalba Cristina A. , Rinder Henry M. , Woo Jennifer S. , Wheeler Allison P. , Gerberi Dana , Goel Ruchika , Tormey Christopher A. , Booth Garrett S. , Bloch Evan M. , Adkins Brian D.
Published: January 2024

The thrombotic risk with haemoglobin C trait (HbAC) or haemoglobin C disease (HbCC) is unclear. However, individuals with HbCC have demonstrated chronic haemolysis, higher blood viscosity and altered rheology when compared to individuals with wild‐type haemoglobin (HbAA). These physiological alterations may theoretically translate to increased risk of thrombosis; therefore, a systematic literature review was performed to investigate the possible association between HbAC and/or HbCC and thrombosis. Twenty‐two studies met inclusion criteria representing 782 individuals with HbAC (n = 694) or HbCC (n = 88). Fifteen studies described the presence/absence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with HbAC (n = 685) or HbCC (n = 79), while seven studies described patients with HbAC (n = 9) or HbCC (n = 9) and arterial thrombosis. Most (n = 20) studies were case reports or case series; however, two studies suggested a potential increased VTE risk with HbAC compared to HbAA in (i) all patients (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 0.9–5.5) and in (ii) pregnant individuals (RR 3.7, 95% CI 0.9–16). This review is the largest assessment of patients with HbC trait or disease and thrombosis to date; despite its limitations, the findings suggest HbC may be a predisposing risk factor to thrombosis. Prospective cohort studies are warranted to definitively elucidate the risk of thrombosis in this population.
Learning curve for fusion magnetic resonance imaging targeted prostate biopsy and three‐dimensional transrectal ultrasonography segmentation
Authors: Lenfant Louis , Beitone Clément , Troccaz Jocelyne , Rouprêt Morgan , Seisen Thomas , Voros Sandrine , Mozer Pierre C.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To report the learning curve of multiple operators for fusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) targeted biopsy and to determine the number of cases needed to achieve proficiency.

Materials and Methods

All adult males who underwent fusion MRI targeted biopsy between February 2012 and July 2021 for clinically suspected prostate cancer (PCa) in a single centre were included. Fusion transrectal MRI targeted biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia using the Koelis platform. Learning curves for segmentation of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) images and the overall MRI targeted biopsy procedure were estimated with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing by computing each operator's timestamps for consecutive procedures. Non‐risk‐adjusted cumulative sum (CUSUM) methods were used to create learning curves for clinically significant (i.e., International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥ 2) PCa detection.

Results

Overall, 1721 patients underwent MRI targeted biopsy in our centre during the study period. The median (interquartile range) times for TRUS segmentation and for the MRI targeted biopsy procedure were 4.5 (3.5, 6.0) min and 13.2 (10.6, 16.9) min, respectively. Among the 14 operators with experience of more than 50 cases, a plateau was reached after 40 cases for TRUS segmentation time and 50 cases for overall MRI targeted biopsy procedure time. CUSUM analysis showed that the learning curve for clinically significant PCa detection required 25 to 45 procedures to achieve clinical proficiency. Pain scores ranged between 0 and 1 for 84% of patients, and a plateau phase was reached after 20 to 100 cases.

Conclusions

A minimum of 50 cases of MRI targeted biopsy are necessary to achieve clinical and technical proficiency and to reach reproducibility in terms of timing, clinically significant PCa detection, and pain.
Initial surveillance in men with marker negative clinical stage IIA non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours
Authors: Gerdtsson Axel , Negaard Helene F. S. , Almås Bjarte , Bergdahl Anna Grenabo , Cohn‐Cedermark Gabriella , Glimelius Ingrid , Halvorsen Dag , Haugnes Hege Sagstuen , Hedlund Annika , Hellström Martin , Holmberg Göran , Karlsdóttir Ása , Kjellman Anders , Larsen Signe Melsen , Thor Anna , Wahlqvist Rolf , Ståhl Olof , Tandstad Torgrim
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To assess whether extended surveillance with repeated computed tomography (CT) scans for patients with clinical stage IIA (CS IIA; <2 cm abdominal node involvement) and negative markers (Mk−) non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCTs) can identify those with true CS I. To assess the rate of benign lymph nodes, teratoma, and viable cancer in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) histopathology for patients with CS IIA Mk− NSGCT.

Patients and methods

Observational prospective population‐based study of patients diagnosed 2008–2019 with CS IIA Mk− NSGCT in the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA) registry. Patients were managed with surveillance, with CT scans, and tumour markers every sixth week for a maximum of 18 weeks. Patients with radiological regression were treated as CS I, if progression with chemotherapy, and remaining CS IIA Mk− disease with RPLND. The end‐point was the number and percentage of patients down‐staged to CS I on surveillance and rate of RPLND histopathology presented as benign, teratoma, or viable cancer.

Results

Overall, 126 patients with CS IIA Mk− NSGCT were included but 41 received therapy upfront. After surveillance for a median (range) of 6 (6–18) weeks, 23/85 (27%) patients were in true CS I and four (5%) progressed. Of the remaining 58 patients with lasting CS IIA Mk− NSGCT, 16 received chemotherapy and 42 underwent RPLND. The RPLND histopathology revealed benign lymph nodes in 11 (26%), teratoma in two (6%), and viable cancer in 29 (70%) patients.

Conclusions

Surveillance with repeated CT scans can identify patients in true CS I, thus avoiding overtreatment. The RPLND histopathology in patients with CS IIA Mk− NSGCT had a high rate of cancer and a low rate of teratoma.
The effects of neurofeedback training for children with cerebral palsy and co‐occurring attention deficits: A pilot study
Authors: Chen Yuh‐Chuan , Chang Wen‐Pin , Liang Kai‐Jie , Chen Chia‐Ling , Chen Hsin‐Yung , Chen Shu‐Ping , Chan Pei‐Ying S.
Published: January 2024

Background

Limited research exists regarding the effectiveness of electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback training for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and co‐occurring attention deficits (ADs), despite the increasing prevalence of these dual conditions. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining the impact of neurofeedback training on the attention levels of children with CP and AD.

Methods

Nineteen children with both CP and co‐occurring ADs were randomly assigned to either a neurofeedback or control group. The neurofeedback group received 20 sessions of training, lasting approximately 1 h per day, twice a week. Theta/beta ratios of the quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) recordings were measured pre‐training and post‐training in the resting state. The Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills—3rd Version (TVPS‐3) and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) were measured at pre‐ and post‐training.

Results

The neurofeedback group showed both decreased theta/beta ratios compared with control group (p = 0.04) at post‐training and a within‐group improvement during training (p = 0.02). Additionally, the neurofeedback group had a trend of decreased omission rates of the CPT (p = 0.08) and the visual sequential memory and the visual closure subscores in the TVPS‐3, compared with the control group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

The results suggested that children with CP and co‐occurring AD may benefit from neurofeedback training in their attention level. Further research is needed to explore long‐term effects and expand its application in this population.
Histological and radiological outcome after horizontal guided bone regeneration with bovine bone mineral alone or in combination with bone in edentulous atrophic maxilla: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aludden Hanna , Starch‐Jensen Thomas , Dahlin Christer , Sdik Joana , Cederlund Andreas , Mordenfeld Arne
Published: January 2024

Objective

To assess the radiological and histological outcome after horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR) with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) alone or in combination with particulate autogenous bone (PAB).

Materials and Methods

Eighteen edentulous patients with an alveolar ridge of ≤4 mm were included in this split‐mouth randomized controlled trial. Horizontal GBR with a graft composition of 100% DBBM (100:0) on one side and 90% DBBM and 10% PAB (90:10) on the other side were conducted in all patients. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperative, and after 10 months of healing. Width and volumetric changes in the alveolar process were measured on CBCT. Implants were placed after 10 months of graft healing where biopsies were obtained for histomorphometrical evaluation.

Results

The gained widths were 4.9 (±2.4) mm (100:0) and 4.5 (±2.0) mm (90:10) at 3 mm from the top of the crest, and 5.6 (±1.3) mm (100:0) and 4.6 (±2.1) mm (90:10) at 6 mm from the top of the crest. The mean volumetric reductions were 32.8% (±23.8) (100:0) and 38.2% (±23.2) (90:10). Histomorphometry revealed that mean percentages of bone were 50.8% (±10.7) (100:0) and 46.4% (±11.3) (90:10), DBBM were 31.6% (±12.6) (100:0) and 35.4% (±14.8) (90:10), and non‐mineralized tissue were 17.6% (±11.7; 100:0) and 18.2% (±18.2) (90:10). No significant differences were evident between in any evaluated parameters.

Conclusions

There were no additional effects of adding PAB to DBBM regarding bone formation, width changes, or volumetric changes after 10 months of graft healing.
Transoral robotic styloidectomy for Eagle syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Campisi Ruggero , Caranti Alberto , Meccariello Giuseppe , Stringa Luigi Marco , Bianchini Chiara , Ciorba Andrea , Pelucchi Stefano , Vicini Claudio
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature on styloidectomy performed through transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in Eagle syndrome (ES).

Design and Setting

Two independent reviewers (RC and AC) conducted a systematic review of PubMed and Embase databases, seeking articles on TORS performed for ES treatment. The search was conducted in July 2023. The review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Participants

The review included a total of 17 adult patients, comprising 12 females and 5 males, with an average age of 52.2 years, all diagnosed with ES.

Main Outcome Measures

For each patient, we assessed the overall length of the styloid process, the affected side, total intervention duration, hospitalization duration, pre and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and the presence of minor and major complications.

Results

We identified 4 articles describing 17 instances of TORS as a surgical treatment for ES in the literature, totaling 18 styloidectomies. The mean age of the patients was 52.2 years, with 12 females and 5 males. The average operation time, inclusive of the docking phase, was 68.8 minutes. Sixteen patients (94.1% of the total) experienced complete symptom disappearance or near‐complete resolution after surgery. One patient (5.9%) showed improvement categorized as 'non‐meaningful.' Only one case of minor complication was reported among the 17 procedures (5.9%).
The Keys to the Future? An Examination of Statistical Versus Discriminative Accounts of Serial Pattern Learning
Authors: Tomaschek Fabian , Ramscar Michael , Nixon Jessie S.
Published: January 2024

Sequence learning is fundamental to a wide range of cognitive functions. Explaining how sequences—and the relations between the elements they comprise—are learned is a fundamental challenge to cognitive science. However, although hundreds of articles addressing this question are published each year, the actual learning mechanisms involved in the learning of sequences are rarely investigated. We present three experiments that seek to examine these mechanisms during a typing task. Experiments 1 and 2 tested learning during typing single letters on each trial. Experiment 3 tested for “chunking” of these letters into “words.” The results of these experiments were used to examine the mechanisms that could best account for them, with a focus on two particular proposals: statistical transitional probability learning and discriminative error‐driven learning. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that error‐driven learning was a better predictor of response latencies than either n‐gram frequencies or transitional probabilities. No evidence for chunking was found in Experiment 3, probably due to interspersing visual cues with the motor response. In addition, learning occurred across a greater distance in Experiment 1 than Experiment 2, suggesting that the greater predictability that comes with increased structure leads to greater learnability. These results shed new light on the mechanism responsible for sequence learning. Despite the widely held assumption that transitional probability learning is essential to this process, the present results suggest instead that the sequences are learned through a process of discriminative learning, involving prediction and feedback from prediction error.
Modeling Magnitude Discrimination: Effects of Internal Precision and Attentional Weighting of Feature Dimensions
Authors: Sanford Emily M. , Topaz Chad M. , Halberda Justin
Published: January 2024

Given a rich environment, how do we decide on what information to use? A view of a single entity (e.g., a group of birds) affords many distinct interpretations, including their number, average size, and spatial extent. An enduring challenge for cognition, therefore, is to focus resources on the most relevant evidence for any particular decision. In the present study, subjects completed three tasks—number discrimination, surface area discrimination, and convex hull discrimination—with the same stimulus set, where these three features were orthogonalized. Therefore, only the relevant feature provided consistent evidence for decisions in each task. This allowed us to determine how well humans discriminate each feature dimension and what evidence they relied on to do so. We introduce a novel computational approach that fits both feature precision and feature use. We found that the most relevant feature for each decision is extracted and relied on, with minor contributions from competing features. These results suggest that multiple feature dimensions are separately represented for each attended ensemble of many items and that cognition is efficient at selecting the appropriate evidence for a decision.
Questions in self‐selection studies used in consumer research for nonprescription drug candidates: Limitations and recommendations
Authors: Brass Eric P. , Bradford Russell D. , Stone Arthur
Published: January 2024

Self‐selection studies assess participants' ability to use label information to decide if a proposed nonprescription drug is appropriate for their use. The optimal use of information from participants' responses in these trials has not been studied. Data from a self‐selection study for a progestogen‐only contraceptive pill (norgestrel 0.075 mg tablets, Opill) were analyzed. Participants (1772 evaluable participants) were provided with the proposed drug facts label and asked sequentially: (1) Given what you have read on the label and your own health history, is this product okay or not okay for you to take home today and start to use?; (2) Why or why not?; (3) Would you like to purchase Opill today to take home for your own use?; (4) Why or why not? The Per Guidance Analysis based on the US Food and Drug Administration's Guidance considered only the response to the first question as defining a selector. The Complete Analysis considered the responses to all four questions to determine a selector. The Per Guidance Analysis characterized 1597 participants as selectors, whereas the Complete Analysis identified 1180 participants as selectors. The decrease in selectors reflected participants who responded “okay” to the initial question but “no” to purchase question while providing rational explanations for their shift in responses. The results support the use of all available information when assessing a participant's intent in self‐selection studies for nonprescription drug candidates. The findings are discussed in the context of findings from the social cognitive and communication sciences.
#Pathart and cytopathology: Beauty must be shared
Authors: Labiano Tania , Lozano María D.
Published: January 2024

Objective

There is beauty in cytopathology. That beauty and art can be transmitted and shared through fun images on social media.

Methods

As social media becomes more popular, pathologists and related professionals have started to share the images that they capture at work on their profiles, tagging them with the hashtag #Pathart. #Pathart hashtag unites two concepts innately related: Pathology and art.

Results

When groups of pathologists share concurring ideas, the result is an explosion of creativity that spreads even to new professionals and students. In addition, it attracts the attention of people, dedicated to other subjects such as journalism, who, with their interactions, give visibility to our field. This helps counteract the stereotypes and gives people a better understanding of what we do and why it is important. Therefore, the more pathologists and related professionals meet and interact with each other, the better.

Conclusions

#Pathart images raise great interest among professionals, which contributes to the creation of a united and strong community of pathologists some of whom are dedicated to cytology. Interaction and professional collaboration between these professionals can positively contribute to disseminating scientific content and creating work/research groups. This might have an impact, both direct and indirect, on improving the quality of diagnoses and treatments in our patients.
Beyond the individual: Socio‐ecological factors impacting activity after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ioannou Elysa , Humphreys Helen , Homer Catherine , Purvis Alison
Published: January 2024

Aim

The risk of Type 2 Diabetes is 10 times higher after a pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes. Physical activity can independently reduce this risk, yet engagement with physical activity remains low after Gestational Diabetes. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to the uptake of physical activity after Gestational Diabetes in the United Kingdom, using a socio‐ecological approach.

Methods

The paper was written following the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Patient and Public Involvement contributed to the study's conceptualisation and design. Participants were recruited through an audit of Gestational Diabetes cases at a local Teaching Hospital in 2020. Twelve participants took part in semi‐structured one‐to‐one interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to generate themes in iterative rounds of refinement. The final themes were then organised using the socio‐ecological model.

Results

Participants were all over 31 years old, predominantly self‐identified as White British and were all in employment but were evenly spread across UK‐based deprivation deciles. Ten themes were generated and organised according to the four levels of the socio‐ecological model: intrapersonal (beliefs about activity, recovering from birth), social (health care professionals, family and partner, role as a mother), organisational (access and cost, environment, childcare and work) and community (connecting women with recent Gestational Diabetes).

Conclusions

Many of the amenable barriers and facilitators to physical activity were beyond the intrapersonal level, based on higher levels of the socio‐ecological model (social, organisational and community). Multi‐level interventions are needed to effectively address all barriers.
Mitochondrial HER2 stimulates respiration and promotes tumorigenicity
Authors: Novotna Eliska , Milosevic Mirko , Prukova Dana , Magalhaes‐Novais Silvia , Dvorakova Sarka , Dmytruk Kristina , Gemperle Jakub , Zudova Dagmar , Nickl Tereza , Vrbacky Marek , Rosel Daniel , Filimonenko Vlada , Prochazka Jan , Brabek Jan , Neuzil Jiri , Rohlenova Katerina , Rohlena Jakub
Published: January 2024

Background

Amplification of HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase and a breast cancer‐linked oncogene, is associated with aggressive disease. HER2 protein is localised mostly at the cell membrane, but a fraction translocates to mitochondria. Whether and how mitochondrial HER2 contributes to tumorigenicity is currently unknown.

Methods

We enriched the mitochondrial (mt‐)HER2 fraction in breast cancer cells using an N‐terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence and analysed how this manipulation impacts bioenergetics and tumorigenic properties. The role of the tyrosine kinase activity of mt‐HER2 was assessed in wild type, kinase‐dead (K753M) and kinase‐enhanced (V659E) mtHER2 constructs.

Results

We document that mt‐HER2 associates with the oxidative phosphorylation system, stimulates bioenergetics and promotes larger respiratory supercomplexes. mt‐HER2 enhances proliferation and invasiveness in vitro and tumour growth and metastatic potential in vivo, in a kinase activity‐dependent manner. On the other hand, constitutively active mt‐HER2 provokes excessive mitochondria ROS generation, sensitises to cell death, and restricts growth of primary tumours, suggesting that regulation of HER2 activity in mitochondria is required for the maximal pro‐tumorigenic effect.

Conclusions

mt‐HER2 promotes tumorigenicity by supporting bioenergetics and optimal redox balance.
The applicability of the central line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) criteria for the evaluation of bacteremia episodes in pediatric oncology patients
Authors: van den Bosch Ceder H. , Frakking Florine N. J. , Loeffen Yvette G. T. , van Tinteren Harm , van der Steeg Alida F. W. , Wijnen Marc H. W. A. , van de Wetering Marianne D. , van der Bruggen Jan‐Tom
Published: January 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of the central line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in pediatric oncology patients.

Methods

Bacteremia episodes from 2020 to 2022 from a prospective cohort of pediatric oncology patients with a central venous catheter were included. Episodes were classified by three medical experts following the CLABSI criteria as either a CLABSI or non‐CLABSI (i.e., contamination, other infection source, or mucosal barrier injury‐laboratory confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI‐LCBI)). Subsequently, they were asked if and why they (dis)agreed with this diagnosis following the criteria. The primary outcome was the percentage of episodes where the experts clinically disagreed with the diagnosis given following the CLABSI criteria.

Results

Overall, 84 bacteremia episodes in 71 patients were evaluated. Following the CLABSI criteria, 34 (40%) episodes were classified as CLABSIs and 50 (60%) as non‐CLABSIs. In 11 (13%) cases the experts clinically disagreed with the diagnosis following the CLABSI criteria. The discrepancy between the CLABSI criteria and clinical diagnosis was significant; McNemar's test p < .01. Disagreement by the experts with the CLABSI criteria mostly occurred when the experts found an MBI‐LCBI a more plausible cause of the bacteremia than a CLABSI due to the presence of a gram negative bacteremia (Pseudomonas aeruginosa n = 3) and/or mucositis.

Conclusions

A discrepancy between the CLABSI criteria and the evaluation of the experts was observed. Adding Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an MBI pathogen and incorporating the presence of mucositis in the MBI‐LCBI criteria, might increase the applicability.
Toxic language detection: A systematic review of Arabic datasets
Authors: Bensalem Imene , Rosso Paolo , Zitouni Hanane
Published: January 2024

The detection of toxic language in the Arabic language has emerged as an active area of research in recent years, and reviewing the existing datasets employed for training the developed solutions has become a pressing need. This paper offers a comprehensive survey of Arabic datasets focused on online toxic language. We systematically gathered a total of 54 available datasets and their corresponding papers and conducted a thorough analysis, considering 18 criteria across four primary dimensions: availability details, content, annotation process, and reusability. This analysis enabled us to identify existing gaps and make recommendations for future research works. For the convenience of the research community, the list of the analysed datasets is maintained in a GitHub repository.
Corporate social responsibility, carbon footprints and stock market valuation
Authors: Benkraiem Ramzi , Qureshi Maria , Saeed Asif , Zopounidis Constantin
Published: January 2024

The emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), within the atmosphere poses serious threats to society and the environment. In this paper, we examine the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and stock valuation. Using a sample of listed non‐financial US firms from 2002 through 2018, we find that CO2 emission plays a moderating role in reshaping the CSR‐stock valuation nexus. Further analysis showed that our results are robust for using alternate proxies of CSR, CO2, additional control and methods to alleviate endogeneity concerns. Additionally, we explored how increasing carbon footprints reshape this association only for firms with strong governance structures. Overall, our results indicate that the positive impact of CSR on stock valuation is overlaid by corporate CO2 emission. The practical and theoretical insights of this study were explored.
Bluehead chub Nocomis leptocephalus hosts exploit selfish‐herd benefits from their heterospecific nest associates
Authors: Betts Madison M. , Abaid Nicole , Maurakis Eugene G. , Frimpong Emmanuel A.
Published: January 2024

Prey species often congregate in groups to detect and evade predators, yet not all group members benefit equally. We observed the nesting aggregations of bluehead chub (Nocomis leptocephalus), where one nest “hosts” as many as several hundred “nest associates.” We predicted that the male chub exploits the aggregation in a manner consistent with selfish‐herd theory – specifically, by locating itself in the safest location within the aggregation (the centre) and using the aggregation to reduce its own vigilance requirements.

Vigilance was measured as the time it took the host (male) chub, first chub female and first individual of each associate species to return to the nest under differing associate abundances (hypothesised to be inversely related to risk) following a simulated predator scare. Spatial position was investigated by digitising host movement and overlaying it with the aggregation and nest's spawning pit area.

We used information theoretic statistics to analyse the effect of aggregation characteristics on the return time of chub and their nest associates. The best‐supported model included both species composition and abundance (inverse of risk) as predictors of return time. Hosts returned last under nearly all scenarios and the aggregation as a whole took longest to return in high‐risk environments. The 95% and 99% confidence ellipses of host spatial position contained the centroids of the aggregation and spawning pits, respectively, for all nests analysed (n = 11).

We conclude that the host locates itself at the centre of both the aggregation and the spawning pit area of the nest, and that the host uses the aggregation to reduce its own vigilance requirements. These results support our hypothesis that hosts use their nest associates to disproportionately decrease their risk of predation during spawning.

This is the first study to show any mixed‐species fish spawning aggregation as a selfish shoal, and to identify bluehead chub as a selfish participant in the mutualistic reproductive interactions that they host.
Mechanical property and failure mechanism of coated Al2O3f/SiO2 composites by acoustic emission technology (AE)
Authors: Yang Xiang , Chen Mo , Kun Chen , Zhou Zheng , Zhi‐hang Peng , Chen‐cheng Sun , Wen‐jun Wu , Jin Wen , Jian‐hui Cao
Published: January 2024

Al2O3f/SiO2 composites were fabricated by sol–gel process, with a density of 2.22 g/cm3, pyro carbon coating prepared via chemical vapor deposition. The interfacial bonding strength between the fiber and matrix was weakened, and the brittle fracture characteristics of the fiber under a high‐temperature environment were improved, ensuring the integrity and reliability of the structure. The mechanical property and failure mechanism of the composites were investigated using acoustic emission technology (AE). In the tensile test, microcracks first appeared in the sample matrix, followed by matrix damage, fiber matrix debonding, and partial fiber fracture near the peak load. It was worth noting that many fibers remained undamaged when the load suddenly declined. As the loading continued, these fibers were fully pulled out and consequently loaded until they gradually broke. In the shear test, the load increased to its peak and decreased rapidly, and the proportion of the AE signal generated was extremely small (≤.01). Owing to the brittleness of the matrix under shear force, the crack easily expanded along the interlayer instability such that the sample first showed significant interlayer damage.
Correlation study of random deposition for WC–12Co multiparticles on the TC18 substrates
Authors: Han Xing , Li Chang , Li Siyu , Chen Xinxue
Published: January 2024

The TC18 titanium alloy as an aviation landing gear material is famous for its high strength and hardenability. However, under the influence of the harsh service environment, its corrosion resistance is relatively poor. WC–12Co ceramic material is one of the most widely used surface strengthening materials, and the coatings are often produced by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. In the spraying, the deposition state of particles directly affects the quality and strengthening ability of coating. This study combined the correlation of flow field calculation and impact process of particles, and the particle flight characteristics were analyzed in the three‐dimensional HVOF spraying. The change law for temperature and velocity of particles was explored by changing the spraying distance, oxygen/fuel (O/F) ratio, and particle size. Based on the calculation results of flow field, a three‐dimensional random deposition model of WC–12Co multiparticle was established by the coupled Euler–Lagrange method, and the crystal inhomogeneity was introduced by the Voronoi method. Compared the flattening rate and spreading degree of particles deposition, the evolution law of temperature and stress–strain fields for coating and substrate during the deposition was revealed.
Analysis and prospect of thermodynamic behavior of aluminosilicate solid waste during ceramization
Authors: Jiang Mengting , Chen Wei , Liu Yuling , Du Yong , Deng Tengfei
Published: January 2024

Aluminosilicate solid waste, primarily comprising red mud, coal gangue, fly ash, and tailings, is characterized by high annual production, low comprehensive utilization rate, and significant environmental damage. Currently, there is an urgent need for effective methods to manage and valorize aluminosilicate solid wastes. Thermodynamic investigations enable the assessment of phase transition behaviors, process conditions (such as temperature and pressure), and the direction and feasibility of reactions. Moreover, thermodynamics can predict the composition of resulting products and reveal the reaction mechanisms. All the aforementioned issues are instrumental in refining solid waste treatment processes and achieving efficient use of resources. Therefore, to promote the application of aluminosilicate solid waste, this paper describes the predictive and guiding functions of thermodynamics in the utilization of solid waste, focusing on three aspects: composition design, ceramization, and process optimization. Additionally, current challenges and future trends are discussed herein.
Sm and Mn doped enhancing the electrical properties of .68PMN–.32PT relaxor ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhao Changxing , Jiang Peng , Xie Shuhong , Pan Kai
Published: January 2024

(1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PMN–PT) has attracted attention due to its excellent electrical properties as a typical relaxor ferroelectric material. High‐quality Mn–Sm co‐doped 0.68PMN–0.32PT thin films were synthesized on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by sol–gel based on spin coating method. The results show that 1 mol% Mn–2 mol% Sm co‐doped PMN–PT thin films have high dielectric constant (εr ∼ 1895) and relatively low dielectric loss (tanδ ∼ .039) at 1 kHz. They also show superior ferroelectric polarization (Pmax ∼ 53.71 μC/cm2, Pr ∼ 30.85 μC/cm2) and high dielectric breakdown strength (∼1656.6 kV/cm), which are primarily due to the low leakage current density (∼10−7 A/cm2). This work suggests a practical approach to enhance the dielectricity, piezoelectricity, and ferroelectricity of PMN–PT thin films.