bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metaphoric characteristics of perpetuum mobile and its conductorial interpretation (based on the examples of compositions by D.Shostakovich)
Authors: Qu Xin
Published: October 2021

The authors give theoretical substantiation and offer the ways to define the metaphoric images of perpetuum mobile in European music of the 19th - the first half of the 20th century. The research considers the common formative characteristics of an image (monothematism, variational nature, subordination to the continuous flow-through tempo), intonational components (noise and onomatopoeical effects, ostinato character, repetition of rithmic, texture and melodic formulae). The authors detect individual stylistic peculiarities in the realization of perpetuum mobile in the process of conducting a piece of music: sarcastic invariants of a theme (D. Shostakovich). Using the material of musical compositions, the authors substantiate and explain the universal character of the image of perpetuum mobile and its strong potential. The transformations of the image reflect the development of European music from pantheism of romanticists to the newest technicist tendencies of the 20th century, and represent complex conflict processes of the spiritual life of a person in the age of industrial civilization. The research of the image of perpetuum mobile of the previous ages doesn’t explain all the peculiarities of the phenomenon and determines the need for further research of the postmodernist music art of the late 20th - the early 21st century. Based on the offered images of perpetuum mobile in music, the authors detect their transformation from the sound images of the 19th century to anthropogenic allusions of the first half of the 20th century. It is proved that in the music of the early 20th century, perpetuum mobile is one of the implementations of the image of a “human-machine” - in music culture, becomes controversial due to wars and confrontation in the world, therefore the sound images of perpetuum mobile reflect a militarized conflict (a vivid example is Shostakovich’s Symphony No 7). The article characterizes the artistic and stylistic aspects of perpetuum mobile in the instrumental music of the 20th century. The authors note that in the beginning of the century, the image of perpetuum mobile gains the features of technicism, which promotes the development of a different interpretation and means of conducting a piece of music.  
Astrocyte GluN2C NMDA receptors control basal synaptic strengths of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in the stratum radiatum
Authors: Chipman Peter H , Fung Chi Chung Alan , Pazo Fernandez Alejandra , Sawant Abhilash , Tedoldi Angelo , Kawai Atsushi , Ghimire Gautam Sunita , Kurosawa Mizuki , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Fukai Tomoki , Goda Yukiko
Published: October 2021

Experience-dependent plasticity is a key feature of brain synapses for which neuronal N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a major role, from developmental circuit refinement to learning and memory. Astrocytes also express NMDARs, although their exact function has remained controversial. Here, we identify in mouse hippocampus, a circuit function for GluN2C NMDAR, a subtype highly expressed in astrocytes, in layer-specific tuning of synaptic strengths in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Interfering with astrocyte NMDAR or GluN2C NMDAR activity reduces the range of presynaptic strength distribution specifically in the stratum radiatum inputs without an appreciable change in the mean presynaptic strength. Mathematical modeling shows that narrowing of the width of presynaptic release probability distribution compromises the expression of long-term synaptic plasticity. Our findings suggest a novel feedback signaling system that uses astrocyte GluN2C NMDARs to adjust basal synaptic weight distribution of Schaffer collateral inputs, which in turn impacts computations performed by the CA1 pyramidal neuron.
Epidemiological Profile of Infectious Diseases Notified in a Municipality Integrated into the Bioceanic Route in Brazil
Authors: Kowalski Paloma Almeida , Da Cunha João Pedro Arantes , Cavalcante Emily Ruiz , Lemos Rachel Carvalho , Gemperli Zatti Mariana Pavão De Araújo , Coutinho Fabiana Moreira , Fujii Ramos Jordão Raphael , Dias Lima Gabriela Felix , Da Costa Ota Guilherme Hideo , Lira Aline Cabral , De Campos Rafael Vilela
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The Bioceanic Routeand its economic integration will have tremendous impact within the cities under management. The state of Mato Grosso do Sul and interior municipalities of the Paraguay-Brazil Border are standouts. The permanence of these workers in Brazilian territory will lead to a rapid increase in population in the border towns connected by the corridor and consequently, in the incidence of infectious diseases.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study of documentary approach that aimed to analyze the prevalence of tropical infectious diseases such asarboviroses and Diseases Related to Inadequate Environmental Sanitation (DRIES) notified and stored in the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). The sample consisted of new cases of these pathologies in the municipality of Porto Murtinho registered between January 2017 and December 2020.

Results: Within the period analyzed, an increase of 10% in the total number of diseases occured. The number of dengue cases increased 36 times its previous rates; there was a maintenance from cases of Leptospirosis, Yellow Fever, Zika, Chikungunya, whereas the incidence of Syphilis, HIV and HPV decreased.

Conclusions: Actions aimed at preventing the increase of Arboviruses and DRIESI before, during and after the construction of the Bioceanic Route are needed in view of the changes that will be imposed by it. Faced with the increase in the flow of people that is inevitable with the construction of this project, several outcomes are expected based on previous experiences already mentioned in this work.
Effect of Boron Application On Growth, Yield Parameters, Nutrient Uptake, Quality and Economics of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.); A Review
Authors: Ramamoorthy P. , Porkodi G. , Mary P. Christy Nirmala , Saliha B. Bhakiyathu , Sentlilkumar A.
Published: October 2021

Groundnut is an important crop cultivated all over world owing to its versatile nature of adaptation to different agro-climatic and soil conditions. In India groundnut gains momentum as an edible oil and India next to food grain. Nutritionally groundnut contains 50 % oil, 25-30 % protein, 20% carbohydrate and 5%fiber. The productivity is lower due to different factors among which nutrient management especially boron that plays pivot role in governing the growth, yield and quality of groundnut. Boron plays various role in the physiological processes of plants, such as cell elongation, cell maturation, meristematic tissue development and protein synthesis, cellular membrane function, reproductive structures and anti- oxidative defence system. It induces flowering, fertilization, hormonal metabolism and translocation of sugars from source to sink. Extensive investigations of research on boron levels were critically reviewed. Application of boron at 10-15 kg ha-1 of soil application and foliar application of 0.5 percent at critical stage was found to increase the growth and yield attributes, yield, quality as well as higher benefit cost ratio sustaining the livelihood of groundnut growers.
Standardization of Varied Sowing Windows and Nitrogen Levels for Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under Rainfed Conditions of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramanjineyulu M. , Paulpandi V. K. , Geethalakshmi V. , Vanniarajan C. , Venkataraman N. S. , Prabhaharan J.
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was conducted during kharif-2017 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai in a factorial randomized block design. The present research was designed by nine treatment combinations considering three dates of sowing D1: II fortnight of June, D2 : I fortnight of July and D3 : II fortnight of July and three nitrogen levels N1: RDN (80 kg ha-1), N2 : 75% RDN (60 kg ha-1) and N3 : 125% RDN (100 kg ha-1) to study the growth and yield components of pearlmillet grown with variety CO (Cu) 10. The crop sown on I fortnight of July with 125 % RDN recorded maximum growth parameters, yield components and recorded significantly highest grain yield. The lowest was recorded in crop sown on II fortnight of July with application of 75% RDN.
Comparing Calibration Product Type Estimators of Population Mean In Stratified Sampling under Two Constraints Using Different Distance Measures
Authors: Ojua D. N. , Abuchu J. A. , Ojua E. O. , Enang E. I.
Published: October 2021

Calibration approach adjusts the original design weights by incorporating an auxiliary variable into it, to make the estimator be in the form of a regression estimator. This method was employed to propose calibration product type estimators using three distance measures namely; chi-square distance measure, the minimum entropy distance measure and the modified chi-square distance measure using double constraints. The estimators of variances of the proposed estimators were also obtained. An empirical study to ascertain the performance of these estimators using a secondary data set and simulated data under underlying distributional assumptions of Gamma, Normal and Exponential distributions with varying sample sizes of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were carried out. The result with the real life data showed that the calibration product type estimator from chi-square distance measure estimated the population mean with minimum bias than and obtained from the other distance measures. The result from real life data also revealed that the estimator obtained from chi-square distance measure under two constraints was more efficient than the other three estimators. The result from simulation studies showed that the proposed calibration product type estimators outperform the conventional product type estimator in term of efficiency, consistency and reliability under the Gamma and Exponential distributions with the exponential distribution taking the lead. The conventional product type estimator however was found to be better under normal distribution. It was also observed that as sample size increases there was no significant change in the performance of these proposed estimators which justifies the preference with small sample size.
DESMONTE DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS, RETRAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS TRABALHISTAS E A INTERVENÇÃO DO SERVIÇO SOCIAL DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: DESAFIOS E RESISTÊNCIAS!
Authors: Bastos Vieira Joseleide
Published: October 2021

O artigo objetiva explicitar a realidade vivenciada por assistentes sociais da área da saúde e da assistência social, no contexto de: sucateamento das políticas públicas, retração dos direitos trabalhistas, sob gestões impositivas no cenário de pandemia. Além disso, intenta difundir suas estratégias de luta construídas coletivamente.  Nesta perspectiva, este artigo, de caráter qualitativo, buscou analisar o conteúdo do vídeo intitulado: “Expressões sociais: Política, direitos e intervenção do serviço social”associado à’ seleção de material bibliográfico e documental, sem recorte temporal. Através dos depoimentos reais, conclui-se que a constitucionalização dos ajustes fiscais na Seguridade Social e contrarreforma previdenciária impulsionam o colapso no Sistema Único de Saúde e obstrui respostas contundentes da Assistência Social à população. Impactando, assim, na vida pessoal e no processo de trabalho das/os assistentes sociais. Exigindo intervenções ainda mais atentas, capacitadas e que fortaleçam as iniciativas que visam a resistência a essa conjuntura.
Sociologia rural no Brasil, dilemas clássicos e contemporâneos: Uma entrevista com os professores Antônio da Silva Câmara e Lídia Cardel
Authors: Santana Joao Rodrigo Araujo , Barbosa Ubiraneila Capinan
Published: October 2021

O presente texto é uma entrevista realizada com os professores Antônio da Silva Câmara e Lídia Cardel, professores da Universidade Federal da Bahia e coordenadores do Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais e Rurais (NUCLEAR/CNPq). Com larga experiência na temática da Sociologia Rural, Antônio Câmara e Lídia Cardel orientaram diversos trabalhos na área das Ciências Sociais, seja na graduação ou na pós-graduação, sendo responsáveis pela formação de diversos pesquisadores que se dedicam ao tema da Sociologia Rural brasileira. Nessa entrevista os professores discorrem sobre as suas trajetórias acadêmica e profissional, bem como analisam algumas problemáticas clássicas que atravessam os estudos sobre o mundo rural no Brasil.
Recombinant nanobody against MUC1 tandem repeats inhibits growth, invasion, metastasis, and vascularization of spontaneous mouse mammary tumors
Authors: Merikhian Parnaz , Darvishi Behrad , Jalili Neda , Esmailinejad Mohammad Reza , Khatibi Azadeh Sharif , Kalbolandi Shima Moradi , Salehi Malihe , Mosayebzadeh Marjan , Barough Mahdieh Shokrollahi , Majidzadeh‐A Keivan , Yadegari Fatemeh , Rahbarizadeh Fatemeh , Farahmand Leila
Published: October 2021

Alteration in glycosylation pattern of MUC1 mucin tandem repeats during carcinomas has been shown to negatively affect adhesive properties of malignant cells and enhance tumor invasiveness and metastasis. In addition, MUC1 overexpression is closely interrelated with angiogenesis, making it a great target for immunotherapy. Alongside, easier interaction of nanobodies (single‐domain antibodies) with their antigens, compared to conventional antibodies, is usually associated with superior desirable results. Herein, we evaluated the preclinical efficacy of a recombinant nanobody against MUC1 tandem repeats in suppressing tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Expressed nanobody demonstrated specificity only toward MUC1‐overexpressing cancer cells and could internalize in cancer cell lines. The IC50 values (the concentration at which the nanobody exerted half of its maximal inhibitory effect) of the anti‐MUC1 nanobody against MUC1‐positive human cancer cell lines ranged from 1.2 to 14.3 nm. Similar concentrations could also effectively induce apoptosis in MUC1‐positive cancer cells but not in normal cells or MUC1‐negative human cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining of spontaneously developed mouse breast tumors prior to in vivo studies confirmed cross‐reactivity of nanobody with mouse MUC1 despite large structural dissimilarities between mouse and human MUC1 tandem repeats. In vivo, a dose of 3 µg nanobody per gram of body weight in tumor‐bearing mice could attenuate tumor progression and suppress excessive circulating levels of IL‐1a, IL‐2, IL‐10, IL‐12, and IL‐17A pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Also, a significant decline in expression of Ki‐67, MMP9, and VEGFR2 biomarkers, as well as vasculogenesis, was evident in immunohistochemically stained tumor sections of anti‐MUC1 nanobody‐treated mice. In conclusion, the anti‐MUC1 tandem repeat nanobody of the present study could effectively overcome tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
Boosting Fast and Stable Alkali Metal Ion Storage by Synergistic Engineering of Oxygen Vacancy and Amorphous Structure
Authors: Wen Sheng , Gu Xin , Ding Xiangwei , Dai Pengcheng , Zhang Dongju , Li Liangjun , Liu Dandan , Zhao Xuebo , Yang Jian
Published: October 2021

Alloy‐type anode materials exhibit great promise in alkali metal ion batteries (AMIBs), due to their high theoretical capacities and appropriate operation voltages. Nevertheless, their applications are severely obstructed by large volume expansion upon cycling. Herein, the synergistic cooperation of oxygen vacancy, amorphous structure, and bulky poly‐ anions in alloy‐based phosphates (SnP2O7, BiPO4, and SbPO4)/N‐doped carbon are reported for high‐performance anode materials of AMIBs. In this composite, bulky polyanions mitigate the structure stress, amorphous structure facilitates the ion transport, and oxygen vacancy changes the electronic structure as confirmed by control experiments and density functional theory calculations. Thus, the electrochemical performances of this composite are greatly improved. Using K‐storage performances of SnP2O7 as an example, amorphous and oxygen‐deficient SnP2O7−x/N‐doped carbon delivers a high specific capacity (376 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1), a stable cycling performance (320.8 mAh g–1 after 5000 cycles at 1 A g–1), and a good rate capability (161.1 mAh g–1 at 10 A g–1). The K storage mechanism of SnP2O7 is identified as a typical two‐step process, i.e., a conversion reaction and an alloying reaction.
Viscous Fingering as a Rapid 3D Pattering Technique for Engineering Cell‐Laden Vascular‐Like Constructs
Authors: Tsai Min‐Chun , Wei Shih‐Yen , Fang Ling , Chen Ying‐Chieh
Published: October 2021

Tissues are much larger than the diffusion limit distance, so rapidly providing blood vessels to supply embedded cells inside tissues with sufficient nutrients and oxygen is regarded as a major strategy for the success of bioengineered large and thick tissue constructs. Here, a patterning technique, viscous fingering, is developed to bioengineer vascularized‐like tissues within a few minutes. By controlling viscosity, flow rate, and the volume of photo‐cross‐linkable prepolymer, macro‐ and microscale vascular network structures can be precisely engineered using the Hele‐Shaw cell that is designed in this study. After cross‐linking, a vascular‐like gel with fingering structures is formed between the bottom and top base gels, creating a sandwich‐like structure. Cells can be incorporated into the fingers, bases, or both gels. The spreading and growth direction of the embedded cells are successfully controlled and guided by manipulating the physical properties of the fingering and base gels individually. Moreover, fingering is generated, connected, and surrounded prepared cell‐laden microgels in base prepolymers to form prevascularized tissue‐like constructs. Taken together, the 3D cell patterning technique extends the potential for modeling and fabricating large and stackable vascularized tissue‐like constructs for both ex vivo and in vivo applications.
Interpolation between W Dopant and Co Vacancy in CoOOH for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Dou Yuhai , Yuan Ding , Yu Linping , Zhang Weiping , Zhang Lei , Fan Kaicai , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Liu Porun , He Chun‐Ting , Zhao Huijun
Published: October 2021

Electronic structure engineering via integrating two defect structures with opposite modulation effects holds the key to fully unlocking the power of a catalyst. Herein, an interpolation principle is proposed to activate CoOOH via W doping and Co vacancies for the oxygen evolution reaction. Density functional theory suggests opposite roles for the W dopant and the Co vacancy but a synergy between them in tuning the electronic states of the Co site, leading to near‐ideal intermediate energetics and dramatically lowered catalytic overpotential. Experimental studies confirm the modulation of the electronic structure and validate the greatly enhanced catalytic activity with a small overpotential of 298.5 mV to drive 50 mA cm−2. The discovery of the interpolation between dopants and vacancies opens up a new methodology to design efficient catalysts for various electrochemical reactions.
Film‐Depth‐Dependent Light Reflection Spectroscopy for Photovoltaics and Transistors
Authors: Shen Zichao , Jiang Yihang , Yu Jinde , Zhu Yuanwei , Bu Laju , Lu Guanghao
Published: October 2021

Organic thin films are widely investigated for solar cells, field‐effect transistors, and other thin film devices. However, rare methods are available to characterize the film‐depth dependent variations of materials. Here, a film‐depth‐dependent light reflection spectroscopy of polymer thin films is proposed to sequentially show the optical properties at each film‐depth and consequently characterize the vertical phase segregation of polymer thin films, which is applicable for both transparent and opaque systems. Synchronic acquirement of light reflection and transmission spectra during soft plasma etching optimizes the film‐depth profiling resolution toward 1 nm, which is applied to organic solar cells and organic field‐effect transistors characterizations.
Intelligent Optical Microresonator Imaging Sensor for Early Stage Classification of Dynamical Variations
Authors: Saetchnikov Anton V. , Tcherniavskaia Elina A. , Saetchnikov Vladimir A. , Ostendorf Andreas
Published: October 2021

Although machine learning (ML) solutions are conquering science and technology with a growing number of the affected branches, only a few examples have been demonstrated so far to boost the highly sensitive and label‐free optical detectors. Nevertheless, ML methods can indeed provide novel strategies for emerging optical sensing technologies to overcome the challenges of real‐world implementation. On this way, the sensing techniques become intelligent self‐learning systems capable for predictions of the probed parameters in an automated and self‐adjusting manner. Herein, a report on the upgraded ML engine of an affordable multiresonator imaging sensor operating at a fixed frequency is provided. It is demonstrated for the first time that such a sensor supplemented by a long short‐term memory (LSTM) network processing engine enables accurate prediction of the dynamical sensor responses already within the early stages of the observed variations. On example of the experimental data of solutions mixing dynamics, the possibility for accurate (>95%) differentiation of the dynamical variations at the refractive index level of 5.5 × 10−4 within a six times shorter period than the whole time series is shown. The impact of the parameters and architecture of the LSTM‐based processing engine on the speed and prediction accuracy is analyzed.
Structural Evolution and Electronic Properties of Intermediate Sized Tin(n=33--60) Clusters
Authors: Rodríguez‐Kessler Peter L. , Rodríguez‐Domínguez Adán R. , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro
Published: October 2021

The structural evolution of Tin () clusters has been investigated by using the systematic cluster growth method together with the many‐body Gupta potential. The lowest energy structures are further refined by using density functional theory computations within the accuracy of the Perdew‐Burke‐Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange‐correlation functional and a plane‐wave basis set. Using this approach, the structures and stability trends of Tin clusters in the size range previously reported, are reproduced. New clusters with enhanced stability are found for , 38, 41, 43, 46, 48, 50, 53, 55, and 58 sizes. Tightly packed structures dominate principally for these clusters in which the shape of the structures can be understood based on the encapsulated motif. The geometries of the clusters from Ti33 up to Ti60 adopt oblate forms which is in contrast to the smaller clusters. The vertical ionization potential (vIP) and vertical electron affinity (vEA) curves show a step behavior depending of the size range for , while the chemical hardness decreases monotonically with the size, which is consistent with the d‐band center parameter. In contrast to previous reports, for it is found that a distorted Mackay icosahedron is more stable than the regular one. The theoretical electronic properties for the most stable isomers of Tin clusters are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Electro‐Active and Photo‐Active Vanadium Oxide Nanowire Thermo‐Hygroscopic Actuators for Kirigami Pop‐up
Authors: Tabassian Rassoul , Mahato Manmatha , Nam Sanghee , Nguyen Van Hiep , Rajabi‐Abhari Araz , Oh Il‐Kwon
Published: October 2021

Emerging technologies such as soft robotics, active biomedical devices, wearable electronics, haptic feedback systems, and healthcare systems require high‐fidelity soft actuators showing reliable responses under multi‐stimuli. In this study, the authors report an electro‐active and photo‐active soft actuator based on a vanadium oxide nanowire (VONW) hybrid film with greatly improved actuation performances. The VONWs directly grown on a cellulose fiber network increase the surface area up to 30‐fold and boost the hydrophilicity owing to the presence of oxygen‐rich functional groups in the nanowire surfaces. Taking advantage of the high surface area and hydrophilicity of VONWs, a soft thermo‐hygroscopic VONW actuator capable of being controlled by both light and electric sources shows greatly enhanced actuation deformation by almost 70% and increased actuation speed over 3 times during natural convection cooling. Most importantly, the proposed VONW actuator exhibits a remarkably improved blocking force of up to 200% compared with a bare paper actuator under light stimulation, allowing them to realize a complex kirigami pop‐up and to accomplish repeatable shape transformation from a 2D planar surface to a 3D configuration.
Strain‐Induced Orbital Contributions to Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Transition‐Metal Perovskites
Authors: Fernandez Abel , Caretta Lucas , Das Sujit , Klewe Christoph , Lou Djamila , Parsonnet Eric , Gao Ran , Luo Aileen , Shafer Padraic , Martin Lane W.
Published: October 2021

Epitaxial strain has been shown to produce dramatic changes to the orbital structure in transition metal perovskite oxides and, in turn, the rate of oxygen electrocatalysis therein. Here, epitaxial strain is used to investigate the relationship between surface electronic structure and oxygen electrocatalysis in prototypical fuel cell cathode systems. Combining high‐temperature electrical‐conductivity‐relaxation studies and synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy studies of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 and La0.8Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3 thin films under varying degrees of epitaxial strain reveals a strong correlation between orbital structure and catalysis rates. In both systems, films under biaxial tensile strain simultaneously exhibit the fastest reaction kinetics and lowest electron occupation in the dz2 orbitals. These results are discussed in the context of broader chemical trends and electronic descriptors are proposed for oxygen electrocatalysis in transition metal perovskite oxides.
Metathesis by Partner Interchange in σ‐Bond Ligands: Expanding Applications of the σ‐CAM Mechanism
Authors: Perutz Robin N. , Sabo‐Etienne Sylviane , Weller Andrew S.
Published: October 2021

In 2007 two of us defined the σ‐Complex Assisted Metathesis mechanism (Perutz and Sabo‐Etienne,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2007,46, 2578–2592), that is, the σ‐CAM concept. This new approach to reaction mechanisms brought together metathesis reactions involving the formation of a variety of metal–element bonds through partner‐interchange of σ‐bond complexes. The key concept that defines a σ‐CAM process is asingletransition state for metathesis that is connected by two intermediates that are σ‐bond complexes while the oxidation state of the metal remains constant in precursor, intermediates and product. This mechanism is appropriate in situations where σ‐bond complexes have been isolated or computed as well‐defined minima. Unlike several other mechanisms, it does not define the nature of the transition state. In this review, we highlight advances in the characterization and dynamic rearrangements of σ‐bond complexes, most notably alkane and zincane complexes, but also different geometries of silane and borane complexes. We set out a selection of catalytic and stoichiometric examples of the σ‐CAM mechanism that are supported by strong experimental and/or computational evidence. We then draw on these examples to demonstrate that the scope of the σ‐CAM mechanism has expanded to classes of reaction not envisaged in 2007 (additional σ‐bond ligands, agostic complexes, sp2‐carbon, surfaces). Finally, we provide a critical comparison to alternative mechanisms for metathesis of metal–element bonds.
Pharmacological report of recently designed multifunctional coumarin and coumarin–heterocycle derivatives
Authors: Dorababu Atukuri
Published: October 2021

Coumarin is a naturally available molecule and has been identified as a potent pharmacophore due to its pharmacological activity. Because of this, coumarin has been exploited synthetically to prepare a wide range of derivatives. In fact, most coumarin derivatives have been found to be less toxic, which is the most essential property for a drug molecule. Such molecules are being prepared for therapeutic use as broad‐spectrum pharmacological agents. Microbial diseases including viral diseases have become very common and are responsible for many deaths worldwide. In particular, microbial drug resistance is a problem that needs to be tackled in an effective manner. Also, for Alzheimer's disease, which affects most elderly persons, no efficient chemotherapy exists. In addition, although diabetes, a metabolic syndrome, can be treated with many drugs, there is no complete cure. Thus, more potent antidiabetic agents are required for the management of diabetes. Likewise, for the treatment of a wide range of ailments caused by microbes, genetic factors, or lifestyle‐related factors, an efficient drug regimen is needed. In view of this, coumarin derivatives are designed and evaluated. Here, coumarin derivatives that have been reported recently are compiled, classified and evaluated critically. This study briefly takes the structure–activity relationship into consideration and suggests the next suitable step. With a focus on the most potent molecules, the pharmacological activity of the evaluated molecules is described.
Se⋅⋅⋅O/S and S⋅⋅⋅O Chalcogen Bonds in Small Molecules and Proteins: A Combined CSD and PDB Study
Authors: Biswal Himansu S. , Sahu Akshay Kumar , Galmés Bartomeu , Frontera Antonio , Chopra Deepak
Published: October 2021

The importance of selenium‐centered noncovalent chalcogen bonds represented as Se⋅⋅⋅A (A=O/S) has been explored for short directional contacts in small molecules and proteins. In addition, S⋅⋅⋅O centered contacts have been analyzed. Computational analyses involving the quantitative assessment of the associated energetics, the molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP), and electron density derived topological parameters, namely, quantum theory of atom in molecules (QTAIM) analyses, and NBO (natural bond orbital) based calculations, have been performed to unequivocally establish the strength, stability, and attractive role of chalcogen bonds in the solid‐state. This investigation has been performed in molecules from both the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and Protein Data Bank (PDB). Thus futuristic materials may be designed keeping in mind the significance of these interactions, including their relevance in biology.
Multidisciplinary out‐patient treatment with monitoring by telemedicine for a large‐volume multifocal pyogenic liver abscess in times of the pandemic
Authors: Tebbe Johannes J. , Kulamadayil‐Heidenreich Nidhi‐Su‐Ann , Heidenreich Holger , Bongartz Hans‐Georg , Tebbe Sandra
Published: October 2021

Pyogenic liver abscesses represent one of the rarer, but potentially life‐threatening diseases of the liver. The treatment for large‐volume liver abscesses is usually multimodal with percutaneous drainage combined with several days of treatment in hospital. We are presenting a report on a male patient with type‐2 diabetes mellitus who suffered from a multifocal liver abscess (>10 cm). Due to the exceptional situation caused by the corona pandemic, the patient was treated conservatively with non‐standard treatment which involved a multidisciplinary team and out‐patient visits. Follow‐up to ensure the treatment would be successful was carried through dialogue with the GP responsible for the patient's care, as well as daily telemedicine visits. The daily telemedicine visits were supplemented by episodic follow‐up testing of laboratory values and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound scans (CEUS) of the liver. We show that purely conservative therapy can be successful in a case with a high risk of mortality by using a combination of close telemedical monitoring and proactive interdisciplinary collaboration with the GP.
Prolonged ventricular pause associated with ticagrelor use: A case report
Authors: Rahhal Alaa , Aljundi Amer , Ibrahim Mohamed Sara Saeed , Arif Muhammad Awais , Arabi Abdul Rahman
Published: October 2021

Case

We report a case of a 76‐year‐old female who presented with non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction and developed a 22‐second ventricular pause with ticagrelor that did not recur after shifting to clopidogrel. Based on the Naranjo algorithm, the likelihood that our patient's prolonged ventricular pause was due to ticagrelor exposure was probable.

Conclusion

Ticagrelor use is associated with prolonged ventricular pauses, warranting close monitoring, particularly during the first week of therapy.
Half‐Sandwich Complexes [Cp′4Ln4I8]4 (Ln=Ce, Pr):Emergence of Donor‐Free Organolanthanide Nanowheels
Authors: Buschmann Dennis A. , Schneider David , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner
Published: October 2021

Slow diffusion of Me3SiI into an n‐hexane solution of lanthanide half‐sandwich complexes [Cp′Ln(AlMe4)2] (Ln=Ce, Pr; Cp′=C5H4SiMe3) gives access to the hexadecalanthanide ring‐cluster hybrids [Cp′4Ln4I8]4, along with the cyclopentadienyl‐bridged {Ce8} cluster [Cp′4Ce4I7(μ2‐Cp)]2. On the contrary, direct addition of the halogenating reagent to complex [Cp′Ce(AlMe4)2] in solution affords the spherical dodecanuclear cluster [Cp′CeI2]12 in addition to [Cp′4Ln4I8]4. The isostructural bromide and chloride clusters [Cp′LnX2]12 (X=Cl, Br) were isolated via the same solution synthesis protocol, using the mild halogenido transfer reagents Me3GeX (X=Cl, Br). The reaction [Cp′Ce(AlMe4)2]/Me3GeCl yielded the decanuclear heteroaluminato derivative [Cp′5Ce5Cl9(AlCl2Me2)]2 as a coproduct. Attempts to isolate any intermediate species by performing the reaction at low temperature resulted in incomplete AlMe4/iodido exchange, affording the hexanuclear homoaluminate cluster [Cp′6Pr6I8(AlMe4)4]. All cerium clusters show bright photoluminescence under UV light. The luminescence properties of the dodecanuclear clusters [Cp′CeX2]12 (X=Cl, Br, I) were closer investigated.
A probabilistic forecasting approach towards generation of synthetic battery parameters to resolve limited data challenges
Authors: Naaz Falak , Channegowda Janamejaya
Published: October 2021

Advent of multiple data‐driven techniques in the energy storage domain has resulted in the development of accurate battery capacity estimators. A major impediment to research in this domain is the limited availability of diverse datasets. Generation of synthetic data is vital when experimental data is unavailable. Moreover, privacy concerns and confidentiality restrictions have further fueled data scarcity in this domain. Present state‐of‐the‐art techniques for synthetic data generators are primarily built on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Although the performance of GANs are exceptional, the high dimensional outputs of these models are difficult to interpret and the associated loss function is highly data specific and cannot be generalized. Moreover, GANs consist of two resource‐intensive neural networks (generator and discriminator) which renders them unsuitable for devices with limited computational resources. In this article, we introduce a simple deep learning‐based probabilistic time series model and we employ the forecasting ability of this model to generate synthetic data. The simplicity of this model makes it an effective candidate to produce synthetic data in resource‐constrained scenarios.
High expression of NFX1‐123 in HPV positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Chintala Sreenivasulu , Quist Kevin M. , Gonzalez‐DeWhitt Patricia A. , Katzenellenbogen Rachel A.
Published: October 2021

Background

High‐risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPV) cause nearly all cervical cancers and, in the United States, the majority of head and neck cancers (HNSCCs). NFX1‐123 is overexpressed in cervical cancers, and NFX1‐123 partners with the HR HPV type 16 E6 oncoprotein to affect multiple growth, differentiation, and immune response genes. However, neither the expression of NFX1‐123 nor the levels of these genes have been investigated in HPV positive (HPV+) or negative (HPV−) HNSCCs.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas Splicing Variants Database and HNSCC cell lines were used to quantify expression of NFX1‐123 and cellular genes increased in cervical cancers.

Results

NFX1‐123 was increased in HPV+ HNSCCs compared to HPV− HNSCCs. LCE1B, KRT16, SPRR2G, and FBN2 were highly expressed in HNSCCs compared to normal tissues. Notch1 and CCNB1IP1 had greater expression in HPV+ HNSCCs compared to HPV− HNSCCs.

Conclusion

NFX1‐123 and a subset of its known targets were increased in HPV+ HNSCCs.
Antibody‐mediated enzyme formation: Its legacy at age fifty‐four
Authors: Strom Roberto , Celada Franco
Published: October 2021

Antibody‐mediated enzyme formation is a phenomenon first described in 1968 and further studied by molecular Immunologists and Biochemists over the following five decades. The present review is made mainly by analyzing the 27 articles concerned with AMEF that appeared over the course of 47 years, commenting 16 original figures selected to be re‐printed in AMEF's Legacy. We, the reviewers, started by revisiting our own “insider's” experience of discovery, and followed by considering all results, our own and of members of other AMEF Labs. We had planned to conclude the review by correlating the various AMEF mutants to a detailed knowledge of the consensus betaGal structure. However, we became aware of several “robust” papers, published between 1989 and 2014, by authors outside of AMEF Labs. We familiarly called this surge: “The Second Wave” and adorned it with a doodle in Hokusai style. We were thrilled and happy to take them on board and properly examined their data. A team of this second wave had imagined unique uses for AMEF, and new doors to modern biotechnology. Another one had used AMEF as Tool and Marker to attain high levels of crystallography, solving puzzles of conformation, and ultimate structure. Together, they doubled our motivation to review AMEF. Serendipity gives us back the pleasure of finding, a treat at any age.
The insidious risk of periprosthetic fracture in clinically functional total hip arthroplasties: A biomechanical study of willed joints
Authors: Takamura Karren M. , McCarty Colin P. , Ho Nathan C. , Diehl Jennifer , Longjohn Donald B. , Ebramzadeh Edward , Sangiorgio Sophia N.
Published: October 2021

Femoral bone quality is a major risk factor of periprosthetic fracture after total hip arthroplasty (THA), which has mortality similar to native hip fractures but higher short‐term morbidity. The goal of this study was to quantify cortical strains at the site of expected Vancouver Type‐B periprosthetic fracture as a function of bone mineral density, femoral stem material, and fixation method using a series of 29 autopsy‐retrieved, clinically asymptomatic hip joints with THA. Periprosthetic bone mineral content and density was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry by Gruen Zone. Specimens then underwent combined cyclic axial and torsional loading, increasing incrementally from 100 N and ±1 Nm to peaks of 700 N and ±5 Nm. All specimens experienced significantly higher strains on the lateral surface than on the anterior surface, indicating that the bending loads in the frontal plane, rather than axial/torsional loads, had the predominant effect. Multiple significant relationships (p = 0.04, p = 0.02) were found between predicted periprosthetic strains calculated from radiographic measurements and observed principal strains. Though THA in the present study were in successful clinical service, the produced results indicated that some femurs with rigid cemented or noncemented implants were potentially at high risk for Vancouver Type‐B fractures, which may be predicted radiographically.
Application or function of citric acid in drug delivery platforms
Authors: Pooresmaeil Malihe , Javanbakht Siamak , Namazi Hassan , Shaabani Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Nontoxic materials with natural origin are promising materials in the designing and preparation of the new drug delivery systems (DDSs). Today's, citric acid (CA) has attracted a great deal of attention because of its special features; green nature, biocompatibility, low price, biodegradability, and commercially available property. So, CA has been employed in the preparation of the various platforms to induce a suitable property on their structure. Recently, several research groups investigated the CA‐based platforms in different forms like tablets, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, (co)polymer, hydrogels, and nanoparticles as efficient DDSs. By considering an increasing amount of published articles in this field, for the first time, in this review, an overview of the published works regarding CA applications in the design of various DDSs is presented with a detailed and insightful discussion.
Functional expression of P2Y2 receptors in mouse ovarian surface epithelium (OSE)
Authors: Juárez‐Mercado Ana Patricia , Chávez‐Genaro Rebeca , Fiordelisio Tatiana , González‐Gallardo Adriana , Díaz‐Muñoz Mauricio , Vázquez‐Cuevas Francisco G.
Published: October 2021

Ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) is a cell monolayer surrounding the ovary; it is involved in the regulation of the ovulatory process and the genesis of ovarian carcinoma. However, intercellular messengers regulating signaling events, like proliferation in the OSE, have not been completely described. Purines have emerged as novel intercellular messengers in the ovary, in which expression of purinergic receptors has been reported in different cell types. In the present work, we described the functional expression of P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R), a purinergic receptor widely associated with cell proliferation, in the OSE. The expression of P2Y2R by immunofluorescence and RT‐PCR, and its functionality by Ca2+recording was demonstrated in primary cultured OSE. Functional expression of P2Y2R was also exhibited in situ, by recording of intracellular Ca2+release and detection of ERK phosphorylation after injection of a selective agonist into the ovarian bursa. Furthermore, P2Y2R activation with UTPγS, in situ, induced cell proliferation at 24 h, whereas continuous stimulation of P2Y2R during a complete estrous cycle significantly modified the size distribution of the follicular population. This is the first evidence of the functional expression of purinergic P2Y2R in the OSE and opens new perspectives on the roles played by purines in ovarian physiology.
Asymptotically compatible approximations of linear nonlocal conservation laws with variable horizon
Authors: Yu Xiaoxuan , Xu Yan , Du Qiang
Published: October 2021

We consider a quadrature‐based finite difference discretization of one‐dimensional scalar linear nonlocal conservation laws. The range of nonlocal interactions is allowed to vary in the spatial domain. We are particularly concerned with the convergence of the discrete approximation both in the nonlocal setting and in the local limit as the horizon parameter approaches zero. We present the first complete proof of the convergence of numerical discretization to both the nonlocal regime and the local limit of all feasible kernels, which in particular, establishes the asymptotically compatibility of the numerical scheme. We also present numerical results to demonstrate the effect of the variable horizon on the wave propagation described by the nonlocal model.
Controlled assembly of gold and albumin nanoparticles to form hybrid multimeric nanomaterials
Authors: Elangovan Akhilan , Suresh Dhananjay , Tarim Andrew O. , Upendran Anandhi , Kannan Raghuraman
Published: October 2021

Multimeric nanoparticles (MNP) possess unique physical, chemical, and biological properties compared to monomeric NP thus, being used in applications ranging from photonic devices to cancer therapy. Despite the potential, the synthesis of well‐defined MNP poses a significant challenge to scientists and remains elusive. One commonly used synthetic methodology to generate these structures is the self‐assembly of individual particles. However, the surface of the individual particles in this assembly is saturated, so the esthetically beautiful structure would lack functional utility. Direct reaction of different NP is yet another way to synthesize multimeric structure. Nevertheless, the inherent reactivity of NP always results in a statistical mixture of different clusters—varying from dimeric to multimeric structure. However, the process is facile and provides opportunities to synthesize a well‐defined mixture of MNP. Therefore, we used this approach to synthesize hybrid MNP composed of human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA‐NP) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP). In this MNP, each HSA‐NP is attached with a median of five AuNP. The process is robust, and even the covalent attachment of dye to the surface of HSA‐NP did not deter the controlled assembly. The well‐defined MNP internalize within the cancer cells, whereas the aggregated nonspecific assembly failed to enter. The quantification of fluorescence in cells treated with MNP or pristine dye‐labeled HSA‐NP showed similar values, inferring that AuNP in MNP exhibit minimal or no influence in internalization. In summary, the synthetic process reported in this study can be used to develop MNP wherein each NP can potentially carry a drug or a reporter to combat diseases.
Registration of M10‐207102 soybean germplasm: A high‐yielding, early‐maturity line with elevated protein
Authors: Bhusal Siddhi J. , Orf James , Lorenz Aaron J.
Published: October 2021

M10‐207102 (Reg. no. GP‐446, PI 699000) is an early‐maturing (relative maturity 0.0) conventional soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm that was released by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2020. M10‐207102 has an indeterminate growth habit, grey pubescence, purple flower color, and imperfect black hila. It combines Rps1c resistance to Phytophthora, high protein, high yield, and early maturity. The yield of M10‐207102 was 93 and 96% of elite checks ‘ND Rolette’ and MN0095, respectively, in the Uniform Soybean Tests–Northern Region (NUST) during 2016–2019. The seed protein content of M10‐207102 was 434 g kg–1, which was significantly higher than MN0095 (397 g kg–1) and ND Rolette (397 g kg–1). M10‐207102 also had significantly higher meal protein content (49%) than the elite checks. Seed oil content of M10‐207102 was about 2% lower than that of the check cultivars. M10‐207102 is an excellent source of high protein that could be used to develop future cultivars high in both yield and protein.