bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A selective purine-based fluorescent chemosensor for the “naked-eye” detection of zinc ions (Zn2+): applications in live cell imaging and test strips
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Chen Wei , Zhang Weixia , Ju Lixin , Lu Hongfei
Published: August 2020

In this work, a novel purine based probe PTAHN was successfully designed and synthesized. PTAHN displayed high selectivity towards Zn2+via turn-on fluorescence. What's more, PTAHN can be proficiently employed for imaging Zn2+ in living cells.
Stereoselective synthesis of a branched α-decaglucan
Authors: Zhao Qingpeng , Zhang Han , Zhang Yanxin , Zhou Shihao , Gao Jian
Published: August 2020

The first, convergent, and one-pot synthesis of a branched Arca subcrenata Lischke α-decaglucan containing all of the α-(1 → 3), α-(1 → 4), and α-(1 → 6) glycosyl linkages was achieved by utilizing a highly stereoselective α-glucosylation method.
Cocaine by-product detection with metal oxide semiconductor sensor arrays
Authors: Tarttelin Hernández Paula , Hailes Stephen M. V. , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: August 2020

Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors based on SnO2 and Cr2O3 were modified with zeolites H-ZSM-5, Na-A and H–Y to create a gas sensor array to detect cocaine by-product, methyl benzoate. SVMs were later used with a 4 sensor array to classify 9 gases of interest.
Synthesis of novel liquid crystalline and fire retardant molecules based on six-armed cyclotriphosphazene core containing Schiff base and amide linking units
Authors: Jamain Zuhair , Khairuddean Melati , Guan-Seng Tay
Published: August 2020

The FTIR spectra overlay of compounds 5a–j with Schiff base and amide linking units.
Study on the adsorption mechanism of benzoylurea insecticides onto modified hyperbranched polysilicon materials
Authors: Liu Chaoran , Huang Xiaodong , Meng Zilin , Qian Heng , Liu Xinya , Lu Runhua , Zhou Wenfeng , Gao Haixiang , Xu Donghui
Published: August 2020

Several hyperbranched polysilicon with different end group modifications were prepared, and the adsorption mechanism of benzoylureas onto the obtained materials were investigated based on the density functional theory and adsorption studies.
Purification and characterization of a thaumatin-like protein-1 with polyphenol oxidase activity found in Prunus mume
Authors: Ma Yuan , Luo Ming , Xu Yingping , Liu Yingjia , Liu Xiaocui , Bi Xiufang , Yuan Yiping , Su Fan , Yin Xiaocui
Published: August 2020

Thaumatin-like protein-1 (TLP-1), a protein displaying high polyphenol oxidase (PPO) action and a member of the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein family, has a considerable influence on the enzymatic browning of Prunus mume (Chinese plum).
Boron tribromide as a reagent for anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr to cyclopropanes
Authors: Gieuw Matthew H. , Chen Shuming , Ke Zhihai , Houk K. N. , Yeung Ying-Yeung
Published: August 2020

Anti-Markovnikov hydrobromination of cyclopropanes was achieved using boron tribromide and water as the bromine and proton sources, respectively.
Intracellular monitoring of NADH release from mitochondria using a single functionalized nanowire electrode
Authors: Jiang Hong , Qi Yu-Ting , Wu Wen-Tao , Wen Ming-Yong , Liu Yan-Ling , Huang Wei-Hua
Published: August 2020

A single nanowire NADH sensor with excellent electrochemical and antifouling performance is fabricated, and glucose- and resveratrol (a natural product compound)-induced NADH release from intracellular mitochondria is successfully investigated.
Development and application of ubiquitin-based chemical probes
Authors: Sui Xin , Wang Yu , Du Yun-Xiang , Liang Lu-Jun , Zheng Qingyun , Li Yi-Ming , Liu Lei
Published: August 2020

This article reviews the design, synthesis, and application of different classes of Ub-based chemical probes.
Photochemically activated atomic ruthenium supported on boron-doped carbon as a robust electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yu Yihuan , Yang Shaoxuan , Dou Meiling , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Feng
Published: August 2020

Robust Ru–N–B–C sites with ultra-short Ru–N bond length were produced by mild photo-activation.
Adsorption of bovine serum albumin on gold nanoprisms: interaction and effect of NIR irradiation on protein corona
Authors: Bolaños Karen , Celis Freddy , Garrido Carlos , Campos Marcelo , Guzmán Fanny , Kogan Marcelo J , Araya Eyleen
Published: August 2020

The photothermal conversion efficiency of AuNPr–PEG after albumin corona formation and the effect of irradiation on the protein structure were evaluated.
Dynamic Assessment Language Tasks and the Prediction of Performance on Year-End Language Skills in Preschool Dual Language Learners
Authors: Patterson Janet L. , Rodríguez Barbara L. , Dale Philip S.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Early identification is a key element for accessing appropriate services for preschool children with language impairment. However, there is a high risk of misidentifying typically developing dual language learners as having language impairment if inappropriate tools designed for monolingual children are used. In this study of children with bilingual exposure, we explored performance on brief dynamic assessment (DA) language tasks using graduated prompting because this approach has potential applications for screening. We asked if children's performance on DA language tasks earlier in the year was related to their performance on a year-end language achievement measure.

Method

Twenty 4-year-old children from Spanish-speaking homes attending Head Start preschools in the southwestern United States completed three DA graduated prompting language tasks 3–6 months prior to the Head Start preschools' year-end achievement testing. The DA tasks, Novel Adjective Learning, Similarities in Function, and Prediction, were administered in Spanish, but correct responses in English or Spanish were accepted. The year-end achievement measure, the Learning Accomplishment Profile–Third Edition (LAP3), was administered by the children's Head Start teachers, who also credited correct responses in either language.

Results

Children's performance on two of the three DA language tasks was significantly and positively related to year-end LAP3 language scores, and there was a moderate and significant relationship for one of the DA tasks, even when controlling for age and initial LAP3 scores.

Conclusions

Although the relationship of performance on DA with year-end performance varies across tasks, the findings indicate potential for using a graduated prompting approach to language screening with young dual language learners. Further research is needed to select the best tasks for administration in a graduated prompting framework and determine accuracy of identification of language impairment.
Taxonomic Development in Young Bilingual Children: Task Matters, and So Does Scoring Method
Authors: Lam Boji P. W. , Sheng Li
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Taxonomic awareness is central to vocabulary development and assessment. While taxonomic development appears largely unaffected by environmental factors, the impact of divided language input on distinct levels of the taxonomic hierarchy is unclear. The influence of scoring method on tasks that target distinct levels of the taxonomic hierarchy is unexamined.

Method

Twenty-seven English-speaking monolingual children, 46 Mandarin–English bilingual children, and 33 Spanish–English bilingual children, ages 4–7 years, participated. We measured superordinate awareness with a category association task, coordinate awareness with a contrast association task, and vocabulary size with a picture-naming task. All bilinguals completed the tasks in both languages to generate single-language (English) scores and conceptual scores.

Results

Single-language scoring indicated that bilingual children named fewer pictures and produced fewer superordinate-level responses in English than monolinguals. All language groups demonstrated comparable coordinate awareness. Importantly, conceptual scoring removed the bilingual disadvantage in both naming and category association tasks and revealed a bilingual advantage in coordinate awareness. Finally, the Mandarin–English and Spanish–English bilingual children performed comparably in all analyses despite differences in heritage language features and sociocultural support for bilingual development.

Conclusion

Depending on task demand and scoring method, bilingual children exhibited slower, comparable, and faster development in taxonomic knowledge in comparison to monolingual controls. This study highlights the nuanced effect of bilingualism on different levels of the taxonomic hierarchy and the impact of scoring methods on measuring vocabulary depth.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12315683
Effects of a Supplemental Spanish Phonological Awareness Intervention on Latinx Preschoolers' Dual Language Emergent Literacy Skills
Authors: Soto Xigrid T. , Crucet-Choi Andres , Goldstein Howard
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Preschoolers' phonological awareness (PA) and alphabet knowledge (AK) skills are two of the strongest predictors of future reading. Despite evidence that providing at-risk preschoolers with timely emergent literacy interventions can prevent academic difficulties, there is a scarcity of research focusing on Latinx preschoolers who are dual language learners. Despite evidence of benefits of providing Latinxs with Spanish emergent literacy instruction, few studies include preschoolers. This study examined the effects of a supplemental Spanish PA and AK intervention on the dual emergent literacy skills of at-risk Latinx preschoolers.

Method

A multiple probe design across four units of instruction evaluated the effects of a Spanish supplemental emergent literacy intervention that explicitly facilitated generalizations to English. Four Latinx preschoolers with limited emergent literacy skills in Spanish and English participated in this study. Bilingual researchers delivered scripted lessons targeting PA and AK skills in individual or small groups for 12–17 weeks.

Results

Children made large gains as each PA skill was introduced into intervention and generalized the PA skills they learned from Spanish to English. They also improved their English initial sound identification skills, a phonemic awareness task, when instruction was delivered in Spanish but with English words. Children made small to moderate gains in their Spanish letter naming and letter–sound correspondence skills and in generalizing this knowledge to English.

Conclusion

These findings provide preliminary evidence Latinx preschoolers who are dual language learners benefit from emergent literacy instruction that promotes their bilingual and biliterate development.
HOLISMOKES
Authors: Cañameras R. , Schuldt S. , Suyu S. H. , Taubenberger S. , Meinhardt T. , Leal-Taixé L. , Lemon C. , Rojas K. , Savary E.
Published: August 2020

We present a systematic search for wide-separation (with Einstein radiusθE ≳ 1.5″), galaxy-scale strong lenses in the 30 000 deg2of the Pan-STARRS 3πsurvey on the Northern sky. With long time delays of a few days to weeks, these types of systems are particularly well-suited for catching strongly lensed supernovae with spatially-resolved multiple images and offer new insights on early-phase supernova spectroscopy and cosmography. We produced a set of realistic simulations by painting lensed COSMOS sources on Pan-STARRS image cutouts of lens luminous red galaxies (LRGs) with redshift and velocity dispersion known from the sloan digital sky survey (SDSS). First, we computed the photometry of mock lenses ingribands and applied a simple catalog-level neural network to identify a sample of 1 050 207 galaxies with similar colors and magnitudes as the mocks. Second, we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) on Pan-STARRSgriimage cutouts to classify this sample and obtain sets of 105 760 and 12 382 lens candidates with scores ofpCNN > 0.5 and > 0.9, respectively. Extensive tests showed that CNN performances rely heavily on the design of lens simulations and the choice of negative examples for training, but little on the network architecture. The CNN correctly classified 14 out of 16 test lenses, which are previously confirmed lens systems above the detection limit of Pan-STARRS. Finally, we visually inspected all galaxies withpCNN > 0.9 to assemble a final set of 330 high-quality newly-discovered lens candidates while recovering 23 published systems. For a subset, SDSS spectroscopy on the lens central regions proves that our method correctly identifies lens LRGs atz ∼ 0.1–0.7. Five spectra also show robust signatures of high-redshift background sources, and Pan-STARRS imaging confirms one of them as a quadruply-imaged red source atzs = 1.185, which is likely a recently quenched galaxy strongly lensed by a foreground LRG atzd = 0.3155. In the future, high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic follow-up will be required to validate Pan-STARRS lens candidates and derive strong lensing models. We also expect that the efficient and automated two-step classification method presented in this paper will be applicable to the ∼4 mag deepergristacks from theRubinObservatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) with minor adjustments.
Orbital evolution of Saturn’s satellites due to the interaction between the moons and the massive rings
Authors: Nakajima Ayano , Ida Shigeru , Ishigaki Yota
Published: August 2020

Context. Saturn’s mid-sized moons (satellites) have a puzzling orbital configuration with trapping in mean-motion resonances with every-other pairs (Mimas-Tethys 4:2 and Enceladus-Dione 2:1). To reproduce their current orbital configuration on the basis of a recent model of satellite formation from a hypothetical ancient massive ring, adjacent pairs must pass first-order mean-motion resonances without being trapped.

Aims. The trapping could be avoided by fast orbital migration and/or excitation of the satellite’s eccentricity caused by gravitational interactions between the satellites and the rings (the disk), which are still unknown. In our research we investigate the satellite orbital evolution due to interactions with the disk through full N-body simulations.

Methods. We performed global high-resolution N-body simulations of a self-gravitating particle disk interacting with a single satellite. We used N ∼ 105 particles for the disk. Gravitational forces of all the particles and their inelastic collisions are taken into account.

Results. Dense short-wavelength wake structure is created by the disk self-gravity and a few global spiral arms are induced by the satellite. The self-gravity wakes regulate the orbital evolution of the satellite, which has been considered as a disk spreading mechanism, but not as a driver for the orbital evolution.

Conclusions. The self-gravity wake torque to the satellite is so effective that the satellite migration is much faster than was predicted with the spiral arm torque. It provides a possible model to avoid the resonance capture of adjacent satellite pairs and establish the current orbital configuration of Saturn’s mid-sized satellites.
Remarks on GRN-type systems
Authors: Brokan Eduard , Sadyrbaev Felix
Published: August 2020

Systems of ordinary differential equations that appear in gene regulatory networks theory are considered. We are focused on asymptotical behavior of solutions. There are stable critical points as well as attractive periodic solutions in two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems. Instead of considering multiple parameters (10 in a two-dimensional system) we focus on typical behaviors of nullclines. Conclusions about possible attractors are made.
Frauen und Medizin im Laufe der Zeit
Authors: Flüchter Antje
Published: August 2020

Der Aufsatz untersucht die Position von Frauen auf dem Feld der Medizin im Wandel der Zeit. Dies ist keine schlichte Fortschrittsgeschichte, vielmehr strukturieren die jeweiligen Geschlechterrollen aber auch die Ausgestaltung des medizinischen Felds weibliche Handlungsmöglichkeiten und ihre Grenzen. Die Darstellung beginnt im Mittelalter und verfolgt die Entwicklungen über die 2 zentralen Professionalisierungswellen, d. h. die Gründung der europäischen Universitäten seit dem 12. Jahrhundert und die Professionalisierung der Medizin im 19. Jahrhundert, und endet mit der schwierigen Etablierung von Ärztinnen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.
I Will Be at Your (Bed)Side – The Role of Bedside Echocardiography for Non-Cardiologists
Authors: Casella Francesco , Schiavon Riccardo , Ceriani Elisa , Cogliati Chiara
Published: August 2020

As the availability of portable echocardiographic equipment is becoming more and more widespread, physicians can add a powerful tool to their bedside examination skills, thus helping them to more effectively face the growing complexity of patients admitted to internal medicine departments or the emergency room. Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) can be defined as a goal-directed, simplified, qualitative examination performed at the bedside using portable echocardiographic devices. FoCUS is not meant to be a substitute for a standard 2D color Doppler echocardiographic examination. Nevertheless, it can provide rapid and reliable information when limited to basic questions, even when performed by non-cardiologists with brief training. Furthermore, a focused cardiac ultrasound examination maximizes its diagnostic role when integrated with an ultrasonographic assessment of the lung, abdomen and deep veins, in a multisystem approach that is particularly dear to internists. In this article, we will focus on the specific targets of a focused cardiac ultrasound examination, as well as the most common pitfalls that can be encountered in ultrasonographic practice. We will also address the application of FoCUS in the management of two typical scenarios in clinical practice, such as dyspnea and non-post-traumatic hypotension.
Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles via (3+2)-Annulations of (Aza)-para-Quinone Methides with Indoles
Authors: Zhang Xiang-Zhi , Li Bao Qiong , Qiu Zong-Wang , Wen Gui-Hua , Ma Ai-Jun , Bao Peng-Jin , Du Ji-Yuan , Xu Xue-Tao , Feng Na
Published: August 2020

An efficient and straightforward Brønsted acid mediated (3+2)-annulation of (aza)-para-quinone methides, generated in situ from propargylic alcohols and indoles, has been developed involving 1,8-conjugate addition/5-endo annulation cascade. This protocol affords a mild and effective method for the construction of synthetically important and structurally interesting functionalized pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles.
Assessment of Aortic Elasticity and the Doppler Tissue Echocardiography in Thalassemia Major Children
Authors: Noori Noor Mohammad , Teimouri Alireza , Keshavarz Kambiz , Moradi Malihe
Published: August 2020

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common illness that needs special medical care in thalassemia particularly in children and adolescents. We aimed to compare aortic stiffness in thalassemia major and healthy children. The study included 65 asymptomatic thalassemia major 6 to 19-year–old children without known history of heart disease and 65 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Arterial stiffness indices determined using two-dimensional (2D) and Doppler echocardiography. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 with 0.05 as significant error. From the study, results showed that systolic (p = 0.009) and diastolic (p < 0.001) blood pressures were higher in controls. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was higher in patients (p < 0.001). Aortic stiffness index (p < 0.001), pulse pressure (p < 0.001), and pressure strain elastic modulus (p < 0.001) were higher in patients, while aortic strain (p < 0.002) and aortic distensibility (p < 0.001) were lower significantly. Aortic stiffness index was correlated with diastole aorta (p = 0.005), systole aorta (p < 0.001), and LVMI (p < 0.001). Strain was correlated with diastole aorta (p < 0.001). Pulse pressure was correlated with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.002) significantly. Aortic distensibility was correlated with systolic blood pressure (p = 0.039) and diastole aorta (p < 0.001) significantly. The pressure strain elastic modulus was correlated only with diastole aorta (p = 0.029). Concluded, aortic stiffness index, pulse pressure, and pressure strain elastic modulus were higher in thalassemia children, while aortic strain and aortic distensibility were lower. This increase may result in reduction of mechanical efficiency of the heart. Therefore, assessment of aortic elastic properties as nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors may contribute to the identification of cardiovascular risks in children with thalassemia
Prevalence and Associated Factors with Mixed Coinfections among under 5-Year-Old Children with Severe Viral Pneumonia in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Hien T. , Nguyen Tran N. T. , Tran Quynh A. , Ngo Tam T.
Published: August 2020

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is well-recognized as a leading cause of disease burden in children. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of coinfection and associated factors in Vietnamese children ages 1 month to 5 years with viral pneumonia. We performed a cross-sectional study of children who were diagnosed with severe viral pneumonia. Demographic, clinical, and subclinical characteristics were compared between children with viral alone and bacterial coinfection. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine which factors were associated with risk of coinfection. Of 202 children with severe viral pneumonia, the most common causative agent was respiratory syncytial virus (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]: 36.1%), followed by influenza virus A (24.3%) and adenovirus (19.8%). Fifty-three children (26.2%) had bacterial superinfection and/or coinfection with other viruses. Haemophilus influenza was the most common bacterium (9.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (with 4.0%). In infants (toddlers), ages 12 to 24 months with severe viral pneumonia, (odds ratio [OR] = 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–9.33), the higher concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT; OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00–1.34), and neutrophils (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04–1.22) were associated with a higher risk of coinfection. This study underlined the pervasiveness of coinfections among young children with severe viral pneumonia. Provision of effective antiviral treatment, especially for RSV, as well as the advancement of sensitive and rapid diagnostic tools for screening pathogens of pneumonia, is critical to reducing the burden of this disease.
Methadone for Opioid Use Treatment during Pregnancy: Trends in Postpartum Dose Adjustments
Authors: Ward Clara , Christensen Carl W.
Published: August 2020

Objective This study examines methadone dose adjustment postpartum.

Methods A retrospective study of women with methadone for opioid use treatment (OUT) during pregnancy was performed. Patient charts were reviewed and data were extracted. Methadone doses from five temporal data points for each patient were used: starting dose, day of delivery, and 1, 2, and 6 months postpartum.

Results Over 26 months, 49 pregnancies to women using methadone for OUT were evaluated and 20 (41%) were included. The mean methadone starting dose was 47 mg, compared with 86 mg at the time of delivery. The mean dose postpartum remained unchanged from delivery and 75% of pregnancies required the same dose or higher 1 month postpartum. By 2 months postpartum, only 33% were able to decrease their methadone dose. Twelve pregnancies completed follow-up until 6 months postpartum; only 17% of patients were able to decrease their dose, with an overall mean dose decrease was 12%. There was no difference between the mean dose at delivery and the 6-month postpartum dose.

Conclusion Patients using methadone for OUT during pregnancy achieved minimal dose decreases postpartum. Patients should be counseled that postpartum dose tapers may be challenging and about alternatives to methadone for OUT.
Effectiveness of Progestogens as Maintenance Tocolysis and Urogenital Cultures: Secondary Analysis of the PROTECT Trial
Authors: Pignatti Lucrezia , D'Amico Roberto , Vergani Patrizia , Di Tommaso Mariarosaria , Acaia Barbara , Benedetto Chiara , Facchinetti Fabio
Published: August 2020

Background In a recently published multicenter randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated that progestogens are not effective as maintenance tocolysis.

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate if previous finding may be affected by positive urine culture and/or vaginal swab.

Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of the PROTECT trial (NCT01178788). Women with singleton pregnancy between 22 and 31 6/7 weeks' gestation, admitted for threatened preterm labor were considered. At admission, we collected urine culture and vaginal swabs. At discharge, women with a cervical length ≤25 mm were randomized to vaginal progesterone or 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate or observation group. We used Chi-square statistics, considering 97.5% CI (confidence interval) and p-value less than 0.025 for significance.

Results Urine culture and vaginal swabs were collected in 232 out of 235 patients included in the primary analysis. Overall, 31 out of 232 women (13.4%) had positive urine culture and 60 out of 232 (25.9%) had positive vaginal swab. In women with negative urine culture, a higher rate of preterm birth was found in vaginal progesterone group (27/69, 39.7%) respect with controls (14/68, 20.6%; relative risk [RR] = 1.90; 97.5% CI: 1.01–3.57; p = 0.018).

Conclusion Among women with negative urine culture, the rate of preterm birth <37 weeks' gestation was significantly increased in those receiving vaginal progesterone, reinforcing our previous findings in symptomatic women.
Labetalol-Induced Hepatotoxicity during Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Whelan Anna , Izewski Joanna , Berkelhammer Charles , Walloch Jami , Kay Helen H.
Published: August 2020

Background Drug-induced liver injury is a common cause of transaminitis, occurring in up to 5% of patients who are hospitalized for liver failure. In pregnancy, transaminitis is seen in conditions which may require expedited delivery.

Case A 39-year-old G2P0010 at 272/7 weeks' gestation with chronic hypertension on labetalol was found to have elevated transaminases. Evaluation for preeclampsia, acute fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cholelithiasis, infections, and autoimmune conditions were all negative. Labetalol was then discontinued, and liver biopsy was performed. After discontinuation of labetalol, her hepatitis improved, and she was discharged on hospital day 12 and went on to deliver at term.

Conclusion Labetalol-induced hepatitis should be considered in the differential for transaminitis during pregnancy to prevent iatrogenic preterm delivery.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Presenting as Recurrent Pancreatitis Due to Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: Kumar Vigneshraja , Nethikoppula Anil Kumar , Pallavi N. , Anusha Nukala , Somalwar Shrinivas B. , Vaddiraju Shanthi Sree
Published: August 2020

Recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis as initial manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism is rare. We report two cases of young women presenting with recurrent attacks of pancreatitis due to parathyroid adenoma. After surgical excision of the parathyroid adenoma, symptoms of pancreatitis resolved, and serum parathormone and calcium levels returned to normal.
A Longitudinal Study of The Nasal Symmetry in Unilateral Cleft Lip And Palate Patients Treated With Nasoalveolar Molding
Authors: Nayak Tulasi , Parmar Renu , Bonanthaya Krishnamurthy , Shetty Pritham
Published: August 2020

Background Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) has been extensively used as a presurgical technique in the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) over the last two decades. It has proven to be a useful tool to reduce the cleft size, improve nasal symmetry, and increase the columellar length. The long-term stability of these findings has not been conclusively proven.

Methods In this longitudinal study, the nasal symmetry of 24 NAM treated UCLP patients was evaluated to assess the 5-year stability of NAM. The basal photographs were shot postcheiloplasty (T1), at 1-year follow-up (T2), at 3-year follow-up (T3), and 5-year follow-up (T4) appointments.

Results In this study, we found that NAM was a useful adjuvant in achieving nasal symmetry in patients with UCLP in the immediate postoperative period. However, as the patients aged, there was a gradual loss of mean nasal height (by 22.83%) and columella length (by 24.89%), a mean gain in nasal width (by 40.25%) and alar base width (by 40.69%), and an increase in the columella deviation (by 3.46%) from the T1 to the T4 follow-up.

Conclusion Although there is no conclusive evidence, the loss of symmetry may be due to the unequal growth on the cleft and noncleft sides. These patients will be followed-up till end of growth for a definite conclusion on the long-term effect of NAM.
Multi-modal surface analysis of porous films under operando conditions
Authors: Eads Calley N. , Zhong Jian-Qiang , Kim Donghun , Akter Nusnin , Chen Zhihengyu , Norton Angela M. , Lee Veronica , Kelber Jeffry A. , Tsapatsis Michael , Boscoboinik J. Anibal , Sadowski Jerzy T. , Zahl Percy , Tong Xiao , Stacchiola Dario J. , Head Ashley R. , Tenney Samuel A.
Published: August 2020

Practical catalysts with a porous framework, such as zeolites, host catalytic reactions at active sites engrained in the pores and channels of the scaffold. The mechanism of interaction at these active sites, defining catalyst performance, remains elusive, in large part, due to the lack of surface characterization methods available for thick films or powders. Here, we present thin film analogs of practical catalysts that allow for the implementation of surface characterization tools, including advanced microscopy and operando spectroscopy methodologies. Specifically, we investigated bilayer silica, MFI nanosheets, and UiO-66 thin films using a multi-modal approach addressing film growth, characterization, and gas adsorption aimed at understanding catalytic activity, reactivity, and selectivity properties, as defined by molecular-level changes in the reaction mechanism.
Research of GIS partial discharge type evaluation based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Liuhuo , Hou Kang , Tan Lingqi
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) partial discharge type evaluation based on the convolutional neural network. It is significant to study GIS partial discharge and effectively classify the types of GIS partial discharge. In order to effectively and efficiently distinguish the types of GIS partial discharge, phase resolved partial discharge is researched and evaluated based on the convolutional neural network. First, the hardware of the evaluation system is introduced in detail. Second, the partial discharge signal is analyzed. Third, the partial discharge signal evaluation based on the convolutional neural network is studied. Finally, the experiment of the evaluation is presented to verify that the evaluation system can effectively and accurately perform GIS partial discharge monitoring and improve the reliability of power grid operation.
Light absorption in semiconducting quantum dot clusters with fixed surface areas in an external tilted magnetic field
Authors: Solaimani M. , Taghi Tehrani Davood Haji
Published: August 2020

In the present study, we theoretically investigate the far infrared (FIR) spectrum of clusters formed by AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs, GaN/AlN, InSb/GaSb, and ZnSe/CdSe semiconductor hetero-structure quantum dots (QDs). The clusters are obtained by circle packing disc-shaped QDs in a square domain. The close spacing effect has previously been observed by experiment. For a given square area, we analyze the effects of the externally applied magnetic field (intensity and direction) on the FIR absorption coefficient for different QD packing values. The finite difference method is used to solve the two-dimensional Schrödinger equation describing the QD clusters in magnetic fields.
Multiphysics analysis for unusual heat convection in microwave heating liquid
Authors: Zhao Peiyang , Gan Weiwei , Feng Chuanqi , Qu Zhongxing , Liu Jianlong , Wu Zhe , Gong Yubin , Zeng Baoqing
Published: August 2020

Usually, the fluidity of liquids is considered to make the temperature field uniform, when it is heated, because of the heat convection, but there is something different when microwave heating. The temperature of the top is always the highest in the liquid when heated by microwaves. In this paper, the multiphysics simulation and experimental comparison of the temperature distribution of microwave heated water and alcohol and microwave reheated rice are performed. In order to make the temperature distribution of liquids heated by microwaves uniform, the cut-off waveguide is used to control microwave heating and improve the temperature uniformity. The experimental results show that when the modified glass cup with 7 cm metal coating is used to heat water in a microwave oven, the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the water is reduced from 7.8 °C to 0.5 °C. The modified glass cup is placed in the center of the ceramic plate, far away from the cavity wall, and there is no spark ignition.
In operando investigation of GaN PIN device characteristics under electron irradiation energies comparable to Pm-147 source for betavoltaic application
Authors: Hogan Kasey , Rodriguez Miguel , Rocco Emma , Meyers Vincent , McEwen Benjamin , Shahedipour-Sandvik F. Shadi
Published: August 2020

Here, we report on the application of an electron source with high accelerating voltage (62 kV–200 kV) to simulate betavoltaic power generation capabilities of a planar GaN PIN (p-GaN/i-GaN/n-GaN) device. The in situ electrical characterization reported here enables detailed performance comparison of new device designs to conventional device configurations. In operando investigation of a GaN PIN device under irradiation by a modified transmission electron microscope is being reported here. A large-area planar GaN PIN (0.04 cm2, 17.8 nA/cm2 at 5 V reverse bias) device was irradiated with an electron beam of approximately equivalent spot size. At an approximate input current density of 5 nA/cm2, the maximum power produced (MPP) decreases from 2.45 µW/cm2 to 0.45 µW/cm2 with an increase in the beam voltage from 62 kV to 200 kV. This reduction in power corresponds to reduced electron–hole pair generation and capture within the active region of the device. The inverse relation of MPP to beam voltage is modeled by CASINO2 Monte Carlo simulations of energy absorption and is found to be in good agreement with the experimental measurement. At a constant 62 kV beam voltage, MPP is shown to increase with beam current density up to 48.2 µW/cm2 at 177 nA/cm2. Repeated device dark current measurements following the irradiation indicate no degradation of the device. An irradiation dose of ∼1016 cm−2, equivalent to exposure from a 10 mCi radioisotope source for 1 yr, was performed at an energy of 200 kV, with no appreciable deterioration in device performance.
Experimental study on two water drops successively impinging on a solid surface
Authors: Chen Chun-Kuei , Chen Sheng-Qi , Yan Wei-Mon , Li Wen-Ken , Lin Ta-Hui
Published: August 2020

The present study pertains to the experimental impingement of two successive water drops on the solid surface. The drops were generated by a free-falling drop technique and a drop severance device with a velocity of 1.9 m/s at low Weber number. The initial drop diameter was fixed to either 930 μm or 1025 µm. Different from previous works, this study focused on four cases of drop impacts on stainless steel plates classified by the impingement timing of the leading drop deformation: case 1—single drop impingement for reference, case 2—the moment of the leading drop starting its spreading after impacting the surface, case 3—the instant of the leading drop reaching its maximum spreading, and case 4—the timing of the leading drop staying its maximum height. It is observed that the deformation behavior of two successive drops impacting on the surface is highly dependent on the impingement timing, which has minor effects on the change of the maximum drop spreading diameter, but affects significantly the change of the maximum height. The results reveal that the maximum spreading diameter of two drop impact for various cases is around 1.3 times larger than that of the single drop impingement. It is first observed that the maximum drop height for case 3 occurs at second recoil and is greater than those for case 2 and case 4 since the case 3 momentum effect at impingement timing acts in the inward direction, but the other two are in the outward direction.
Machine learning approaches for the prediction of materials properties
Authors: Chibani Siwar , Coudert François-Xavier
Published: August 2020

We give here a brief overview of the use of machine learning (ML) in our field, for chemists and materials scientists with no experience with these techniques. We illustrate the workflow of ML for computational studies of materials, with a specific interest in the prediction of materials properties. We present concisely the fundamental ideas of ML, and for each stage of the workflow, we give examples of the possibilities and questions to be considered in implementing ML-based modeling.
A novel methodology and new concept of SARS-CoV-2 elimination in heating and ventilating air conditioning systems using waste heat recovery
Authors: Rezaei Naser , Jafari Moharram , Nazari Ata , Salehi Sina , Talati Faramarz , Torab Reza , Nejad-Rahim Rahim
Published: August 2020

Heating and ventilation air conditioning systems in hospitals (cleanroom HVAC systems) are used to control the transmission/spreading of airborne diseases such as COVID-19. Air exiting from these systems may contribute to the spreading of coronavirus droplets outside of hospitals. Some research studies indicate that the shortest time of survival of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol form (as droplets in the air) is four hours and the virus becomes inactive above 60 °C air temperature. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 droplets cannot exit from the exhaust duct if the temperature is above 60 °C. At the condenser, heat is dissipated in the form of hot air which could be utilized to warm the exhaust air. The objective of this paper is to establish a novel technique for eliminating SARS-CoV-2 from cleanroom HVAC systems using the recovered heat of exhaust air. This can eliminate SARS-CoV-2 and reduce the greenhouse effect.
A TDDFT investigation of the Photosystem II reaction center: Insights into the precursors to charge separation
Authors: Kavanagh Maeve A. , Karlsson Joshua K. G. , Colburn Jonathan D. , Barter Laura M. C. , Gould Ian R.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Examining the excited states of the Photosystem II reaction center furthers our understanding of available charge separation pathways that lead to successful photosynthesis. Our results comprise the largest complete model of the Photosystem II reaction center to be described using time-dependent density functional theory reported in the literature to date. We reveal the molecular orbitals contributing to the excited states that are precursors to charge separation. We demonstrate that our model can successfully predict the action of specific mutations, a valuable tool for the agricultural industry. These models may also be beneficial in informing the design of artificial photosynthetic complexes as well as enhanced bioengineered photosystems.
Cognitive control increases honesty in cheaters but cheating in those who are honest
Authors: Speer Sebastian P. H. , Smidts Ale , Boksem Maarten A. S.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Considering the immense economic costs associated with dishonest behavior, such as tax evasion or music piracy, reducing dishonesty is of great relevance to policy-makers. However, targeting dishonesty with interventions requires a thorough understanding of the underlying (neuro)cognitive processes. We combine neuroimaging with a task that pioneers in measuring the neural mechanisms underlying (dis)honesty. While replicating previous findings that greed drives dishonesty, we reveal that self-referential thinking processes promoted honest behavior. Moreover, we found that cognitive control does not serve the same purpose across individuals but facilitates honest decisions for cheaters, whereas it enables cheating for honest participants. We thus observe that different processes prevent dishonesty for different individuals, which can prove instrumental in the development of more effective interventions.
A global view on how local muscular fatigue affects human performance
Authors: Goethel Márcio F. , Gonçalves Mauro , Brietzke Cayque , Cardozo Adalgiso C. , Vilas-Boas João P. , Ervilha Ulysses F.
Published: August 2020

Significance

The human body is an organism with interdependent systems, where phenomena or interventions in a specific region can provoke responses in another apparently unrelated one. Localized muscle fatigue is characterized as a failure in the production of strength in a specific region caused by overuse. To investigate the global effect of this failure, access to interactions between different regions and systems is needed. In this work, we propose a global multivariate model based on artificial neural networks that produces as output a general functional profile, built from information from different control systems, which allows us to access the effects of local muscle fatigue on tasks that imply body performance as a single system.
Investigation on high-temperature mechanical properties of Al–7Si–0.6Mg alloy by wire + arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Li Chengde , Gu Huimin , Wang Wei , Wang Shuai , Ren Lingling , Ming Zhu , Zhai Yuchun , Wang Zhenbiao
Published: August 2020

The room temperature and high temperature tensile properties of Al–7Si–0.6Mg alloy prepared by wire arc additive manufacturing have been investigated. The results show that the strengthening phase gradually coarsens and the eutectic silicon phase does not grow and agglomerate, meanwhile, the tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy gradually decrease with the increase of temperature. The high-temperature properties of the alloy are better than that of cast alloy. With the increase of temperature, the fracture of the alloy changes from ductile transgranular fracture to intergranular fracture.
Modification of residual stress and microstructure in aluminium alloy by cryogenic treatment
Authors: Weng Zeju , Liu Xuanzhi , Gu Kaixuan , Guo Jia , Cui Chen , Wang Junjie
Published: August 2020

The effect of cryogenic treatment (CT) combined with solution and ageing treatment on the residual stress and microstructure of 7050 aluminium alloy was investigated. The relationship between residual stress and microstructure was discussed. The results showed that compared to solution–ageing treatment (SA), CT after solution and before ageing (SCA) exhibited lower level and higher uniformity of residual stress. The highest dimensional stability was also obtained by the process of SCA. It was found that CT induced the fine precipitates through the lattice contraction under cryogenic temperature. Furthermore, the execution of CT in advance would also promote the uniform distribution of precipitates in the subsequent ageing by releasing and homogenising the residual stress.
Measurement of groove depth standards in the range 1 μm up to 1 mm (EURAMET project 1407)
Authors: Brand Uwe , Matus Michael , Carcedo Laura , Slusarski Lukasz , Picotto Gian Bartolo , Lassila Antti , Hungwe Faith , Flys Olena , Aksulu Murat , Kosteev Vladimir
Published: August 2020

A comparison measurement between 10 national metrology institutes on two types of depth setting standards was conducted using mostly tactile but also two optical instruments for measurement. Three etched silicon standards with depths of 5, 20 and 50 μm and one diamond turned nickel coated copper standard with depths of 200, 600 and 900 μm were measured. The cross section of the grooves was trapezoidal. Most of the participants confirmed their CMC entries. Since many measurements had to be made, contamination of the standards and heavy wear on the standards were also observed after the comparison was completed. The wear consists of indentation marks from stylus instruments on both types of standards and as many as 70 scratch marks on the nickel coated copper artefact used. This indicates that the contact pressure of the tactile measuring devices used by some partners was too high. This can be caused by a too high probing force or a too small probing tip radius. Thus, for future comparisons the actual probing force and actual tip radius need to be measured during the comparison by the participants to assure that the recommended values (2 μm tip radius and 0.7 mN probing force) are not exceeded. The recently published German standard DIN 32567-3 "Determination of the influence of materials on the optical and tactile dimensional metrology - Part 3: Derivation of correction values for tactile measuring devices" describes methods to do both.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Conical defects and holography in topological AdS gravity
Authors: Kastikainen Jani
Published: August 2020

We study codimension-even conical defects that contain a deficit solid angle around each point along the defect. We show that they lead to delta function contributions to Lovelock scalars and we compute the contribution by two methods. We then show that these codimension-even defects appear as Euclidean brane solutions in higher dimensional topological AdS gravity which is Lovelock–Chern–Simons gravity without torsion. The theory possesses a holographic Weyl anomaly that is purely of type-A and proportional to the Lovelock scalar. Using the formula for the defect contribution, we prove a holographic duality between codimension-even defect partition functions and codimension-even brane on-shell actions in Euclidean signature. More specifically, we find that the logarithmic divergences match, because the Lovelock–Chern–Simons action localizes on the brane exactly. We demonstrate the duality explicitly for a spherical defect on the boundary which extends as a codimension-even hyperbolic brane into the bulk. For vanishing brane tension, the geometry is a foliation of Euclidean AdS space that provides a one-parameter generalization of AdS–Rindler space.
Can a sample having zero net magnetization produce polarized spin current?
Authors: Gupta Debjani Das , Maiti Santanu K
Published: August 2020

Antiferromagnetic materials can be the suitable functional elements for designing of future spin based electronic devices, circumventing the use of conventional ferromagnetic materials and spin–orbit coupled systems. In the present work first time we put forward the underlying physical mechanism, to the best of our knowledge, to generate polarized spin current through a magnetic material having zero net magnetization. Our proposal is substantiated by considering a 2D geometry which is composed of several concentric 1D rings where neighboring rings are mutually connected with each other. The misalignment of up and down spin bands, which is the primary requirement to have finite spin polarization, is described analytically and then several aspects of spin polarization are studied numerically. Finally, we discuss experimental realization of the proposed magnetic quantum system. Our analysis can be utilized to any other complicated magnetic geometries, and may open up a new platform for future spintronic applications.