bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atrakcyjność obszarów zielonych w dzielnicy Wola dla potrzeb wypoczynku
Authors: Strumińska-Doktór Anna , Doktór Dobromiła
Published: April 2020

Dążenie do prowadzenia zdrowego trybu życia uzależnione jest od nawyków. Te (nawyki) dzięki rodzinie i szkole będą dziedziczone przez kolejne pokolenia. Artykuł przedstawia wkład nauczycieli w kształtowanie postaw sprzyjających podejmowaniu ruchu na świeżym powietrzu. Na Woli tereny zielone wykorzystywane są podczas prowadzonych zajęć szkolnych w ciągu całego roku szkolnego. Niestety częstotliwość korzystania z pobliskich parków jest bardzo umiarkowana, jeśli chodzi o zajęcia prowadzone podczas różnych przedmiotów, natomiast w celu uprawiania aktywnych form rekreacji nauczyciele i dzieci korzystają kilka razy w tygodniu z zielonych terenów dzielnicy Wola. Pokaźne tereny zieleni stanowią istotne płuca dzielnicy i miasta. Obszary te można wykorzystywać także do prowadzenia wycieczek szkolnych, by poznawać otaczającą naturę. Przy okazji należy stwierdzić, że wolskie tereny zielone są otoczone staranną troską. Obok funkcji przyrodniczej (biologicznej, klimatycznej i hydrologicznej) pełnią – istotne z punktu widzenia społecznego, w tym wychowawczego – funkcje pozaprzyrodnicze, m.in. rekreacyjną, wypoczynkową i estetyczną. Dzielnica Wola, mając na względzie znaczącą rolę jaką, spełnia zieleń, uwzględnia zadania inwestycyjne związane z terenami zielonymi w planowaniu wieloletnim, na bieżąco dokonuje się modernizacji parków, powstają nowe miejsca rekreacyjne i place zabaw, co podkreśla funkcję wypoczynkową tych trenów, ale także walory edukacyjne ze względu na swoją ogromną wagę historyczną.
Assessing the impact of global warming on the sport, tourism, and recreation industries in western Norway
Authors: Korsan-Kumińska Karolina
Published: April 2020

Sport, tourism, and recreation, like many other areas of life, are influenced by environmental factors, including climate. Climate is one of the major factors determining the living conditions on our planet, which determine the functioning and behavior of all organisms. Therefore, this poses the question: Are global climate changes seen by ordinary people? If so, how are they seen and how do they affect the various domains of life, in particular, sport, tourism, and recreation? The aim of the pilot research was to determine the impact of global climate changes (observed in the public media as well as being in the public consciousness) in the area of western Norway (WN) on sport, tourism, and recreation. Pilot research was conducted in the summer and autumn of 2015 using a diagnostic survey on the internet. The research tool was a questionnaire survey. Respondents came from two groups: 61 employees and entrepreneurs in the industries of sport, tourism, and recreation in WN and 32 people either actively partaking in sport and recreational activities or visiting the region as tourists. Interviewees noted that climate changes have already occurred in the nature of western Norway. However most of them are not prepared for these changes even though they believe that the majority of the changes will only grow and intensify. For example, some of the researched companies have already been forced to take certain steps in relation to the companies functioning e.g., company reorganizations. The expected transformation in nature caused by global climate changes are changing the behavior of athletes, tourists, residents, representatives of the authorities, and economic entrepreneurs who make their living from tourism, recreation, and sport. In the future, Norway may turn out to be no longer as attractive as it is now for these people.
Environmental alarmism: the Club of Rome and its critics
Authors: Mihailov Nikolai , Sakelarieva Lidia
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the ideas of the Club of Rome and their modern reading. The Club of Rome, founded in 1968, is an international society of politicians, business leaders, and scientists, who appeal for mutual tolerance, understanding, and solidarity in relation to the real problems of the world, and the environmental problems in the first place. The members of the Club prescribe the setting of limits to human expansion over nature, which is explained with superfluous “anthropocentric confidence”, after the words of the foundation member Aurelio Peccei. Recently, these ideas of the Club of Rome have been criticized by economists, philosophers, and politicians, being described as “environmental alarmism”, i.e. as groundless alarm relevant to incorrect notions about the inevitability of ecological crisis and its devastating consequences for humanity. However the global environmental crisis is already an undeniable fact and requires a thorough study of the ethical standards of the human behaviour, which are often rooted in moral phenomena such as consumerism, irresponsibility, insensitivity or even selfishness. Nature cannot be only considered as a source of natural resources or benefits to people. The moral motive of nature conservation, despite the power of modern science, is one of the main ideas of the founders and followers of the case of the Club of Rome. It concerns the future where the respect for the value of nature is a new moral principle.
The Young Generation of Catholics in the Face of Ecological Problems Exemplified by the Initiatives of the Catholic Youth Association
Authors: Lubowicki Andrzej
Published: April 2020

The Catholic Youth Association (Pol. KSM) operates within 41 dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland and, according to data from 2019, has approx. 20,000 members in almost 1,000 parish units and community circles. Numerous initiatives undertaken by KSM include, among others, activities aimed at protecting creation. This study presents several of the most important ecological projects implemented by KSM: 1. Bug, the River of Life - Education for Youth, Youth for Sustainable Development; 2. Youth of this Earth; 3. Electro Responsible; 4. Kayaking Patrol of St. Francis; 5. Youth for the Environment; 6. Youth Environment.
A Comprehensive Review of Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibitors in their Syntheses and Potencies
Authors: Rehuman Nisha A. , Mathew Bijo , Jat Rakesh K. , Nicolotti Orazio , Kim Hoon
Published: April 2020

Background:

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a crucial role during the development of
various neurodegenerative disorders. There are two MAO isozymes, MAO-A and MAO-B. MAO-A is
a flavoenzyme, which binds to the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the oxidative
transformations of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

Materials and Method:

Focus on synthetic studies has culminated in the preparation of many MAOA
inhibitors, and advancements in combinatorial and parallel synthesis have accelerated the
developments of synthetic schemes. Here, we provided an overview of the synthetic protocols
employed to prepare different classes of MAO-A inhibitors. We classified these inhibitors according to
their molecular scaffolds and the synthetic methods used.

Results:

Various synthetic and natural derivatives from a different class of MAO-A inhibitors were reported.

Conclusion:

The review provides a valuable tool for the development of a new class of various
selective MAO-A inhibitors for the treatment of depression and other anxiety disorders.
Life Time Improvement of Hierarchically Structured SAPO-34 Nanocatalyst in MTO Reaction via Applying Clinoptilolite: Investigating of Composite Design via RSM
Authors: Yazdanpanah Reza , Moradiyan Eshagh , Halladj Rouein , Askari Sima
Published: April 2020

Aim and Objective:

The research focuses on recent progress in the production of light
olefins. Hence, as the common catalyst of the reaction (SAPO-34) deactivates quickly because of
coke formation, we reorganized the mechanism combining SAPO-34 with a natural zeolite in order
to delay the deactivation time.

Materials and Methods:

The synthesis of nanocomposite catalyst was conducted hydrothermally
using experimental design. Firstly, Clinoptilolite was modified using nitric acid in order to achieve
nano-scaled material. Then, the initial gel of the SAPO-34 was prepared using DEA, aluminum
isopropoxide, phosphoric acid and TEOS as the organic template, sources of Aluminum, Phosphor,
and Silicate, respectively. Finally, the modified zeolite was combined with SAPO-34's gel.

Results:

20 different catalysts due to D-Optimal design were synthesized and the nanocomposite
with 50 weight percent of SAPO-34, 4 hours Crystallization and early Clinoptilolite precipitation
showed the highest relative crystallinity, partly high BET surface area and hierarchical structure.

Conclusion:

Different analyses illustrated the existence of both components. The most important
property alteration of nanocomposite was the increment of pore mean diameters and reduction in
pore volumes in comparison with free SAPO-34. Due to the low price of Clinoptilolite, the new
catalyst renders the process as economical. Using this composite, according to the formation of
multi-sized pores located hierarchically on the surface of the catalyst and increased surface area,
significant amounts of Ethylene and Propylene, in comparison with free SAPO-34, were produced,
as well as the deactivation time was improved.
Differences in MDR1 (C3435T), CYP2D6, and CYP1A2 Genotype Frequencies between Patients with Treatment Failure to Antipsychotics and Healthy Russian Population
Authors: Zhiganova Tatiana , Eugenia Radkova , Tatiana Sergeeva , Viktoriia Volovnikova
Published: April 2020

Background:

Personalized approach is one of the options to overcome treatment failure in psychiatry and increase the efficacy of antipsychotic treatment for an individual patient by using genetic tests.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of MDR1 (C3435T), CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 genotypes in psychiatric patients with treatment failure to antipsychotics to compare the results with those published for the Russian population.

Methods:

A total number of 52 patients attending a psychiatry outpatient clinic were included in the study. All patients required changing the therapy with antipsychotics due to treatment failure.

Results:

We revealed the higher frequency of Т/Т MDR1 (C3435T) homozygotes among study patients as compared with the Russian healthy population. For CYP1A2, the higher frequency of normal metabolizers (*1A/*1A) and lower frequency of slow metabolizers (*1F/*1F) were observed. No difference was found for intermediate metabolizers (*1A/*1F) and one patient had *1A/*1C genotype with decreased activity. For the majority of CYP2D6 genotypes, the observed frequencies were similar to those reported for the Russian healthy population except for CYP2D6 *3/*4 (slow metabolizers), for which higher frequency among study patients was found. The frequencies of CYP2С19 genotypes were comparable to the Russian population, however, no slow metabolizers (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3 genotypes) were identified.

Conclusion:

Psychiatric patients with treatment failure to antipsychotics demonstrated a high frequency of T/T MDR1 (C3435T) and CYP2D6 *3/*4 genotypes coding inactive proteins. The frequency of CYP1A2 wild type genotype *A/*A was higher with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency of *F/*F genotype compared with the healthy Russian population. Further studies of MDR1 (C3435T) genotype as well as CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 genotypes frequency should be conducted in patients with treatment failure to antipsychotics.
Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Scoping Review
Authors: Mavragani Amaryllis
Published: April 2020

Background

Web-based sources are increasingly employed in the analysis, detection, and forecasting of diseases and epidemics, and in predicting human behavior toward several health topics. This use of the internet has come to be known as infodemiology, a concept introduced by Gunther Eysenbach. Infodemiology and infoveillance studies use web-based data and have become an integral part of health informatics research over the past decade.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to provide a scoping review of the state-of-the-art in infodemiology along with the background and history of the concept, to identify sources and health categories and topics, to elaborate on the validity of the employed methods, and to discuss the gaps identified in current research.

Methods

The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to extract the publications that fall under the umbrella of infodemiology and infoveillance from the JMIR, PubMed, and Scopus databases. A total of 338 documents were extracted for assessment.

Results

Of the 338 studies, the vast majority (n=282, 83.4%) were published with JMIR Publications. The Journal of Medical Internet Research features almost half of the publications (n=168, 49.7%), and JMIR Public Health and Surveillance has more than one-fifth of the examined studies (n=74, 21.9%). The interest in the subject has been increasing every year, with 2018 featuring more than one-fourth of the total publications (n=89, 26.3%), and the publications in 2017 and 2018 combined accounted for more than half (n=171, 50.6%) of the total number of publications in the last decade. The most popular source was Twitter with 45.0% (n=152), followed by Google with 24.6% (n=83), websites and platforms with 13.9% (n=47), blogs and forums with 10.1% (n=34), Facebook with 8.9% (n=30), and other search engines with 5.6% (n=19). As for the subjects examined, conditions and diseases with 17.2% (n=58) and epidemics and outbreaks with 15.7% (n=53) were the most popular categories identified in this review, followed by health care (n=39, 11.5%), drugs (n=40, 10.4%), and smoking and alcohol (n=29, 8.6%).

Conclusions

The field of infodemiology is becoming increasingly popular, employing innovative methods and approaches for health assessment. The use of web-based sources, which provide us with information that would not be accessible otherwise and tackles the issues arising from the time-consuming traditional methods, shows that infodemiology plays an important role in health informatics research.
Habit Strength, Medication Adherence, and Habit-Based Mobile Health Interventions Across Chronic Medical Conditions: Systematic Review
Authors: Badawy Sherif M , Shah Richa , Beg Usman , Heneghan Mallorie B
Published: April 2020

Background

Unintentional medication nonadherence is common and has been associated with poor health outcomes and increased health care costs. Earlier research demonstrated a relationship between habit strength and medication adherence. Previous research also examined a habit’s direct effect on adherence and how habit interacts with more conscious factors to influence or overrule them. However, the relationship between habit and adherence and the role of habit-based mobile health (mHealth) interventions remain unclear.

Objective

This review aimed to systematically evaluate the most recent evidence for habit strength, medication adherence, and habit-based mHealth interventions across chronic medical conditions.

Methods

A keyword search with combinations of the terms habit, habit strength, habit index, medication adherence, and medication compliance was conducted on the PubMed database. After duplicates were removed, two authors conducted independent abstract and full-text screening. The guidelines for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed when reporting evidence across the included and reviewed studies.

Results

Of the 687 records examined, 11 met the predefined inclusion criteria and were finalized for data extraction, grading, and synthesis. Most included studies (6/11, 55%) were cross-sectional and used a theoretical model (8/11, 73%). The majority of studies measured habit strength using the self-report habit index and self-report behavioral automaticity index (9/11, 82%). Habit strength was positively correlated with medication adherence in most studies (10/11, 91%). Habit mediated the effects of self-efficacy on medication adherence (1/11, 9%), and social norms moderated the effects of habit strength on medication adherence (1/11, 9%). Habit strength also moderated the effects of poor mental health symptoms and medication adherence (1/11, 9%). None of the included studies reported on using or proposing a habit-based mHealth behavioral intervention to promote medication adherence.

Conclusions

Habit strength was strongly correlated with medication adherence, and stronger habit was associated with higher medication adherence rates, regardless of the theoretical model and/or guiding framework. Habit-based interventions should be used to increase medication adherence, and these interventions could leverage widely available mobile technology tools such as mobile apps or text messaging, and existing routines.
Investigation on the Sex Education Status of Children in Minority’ Areas—Take Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture as an Example
Authors: Shao Yunyan , Guo Jiaojiao , Luo Dan
Published: April 2020

In order to grasp the actual situation of sex education of ethnic minority children in the border areas, this study takes children as the main object to understand the situation of sex education. 140 children aged 9-12 years in Dehong Prefecture were investigated by questionnaire. Through investigation and research, it is found that ethnic minority children have a low level of cognition of sexual knowledge, and lack of knowledge of sexual morality and sexual psychology. From the perspective of ethnic distribution, Lisu and De’ang children are most concerned about sexual related physiological knowledge, while Dai children are less concerned about it. Ethnic minority children’s access to sexual education is mainly through media, family education and learning School education comes next. And boys are more willing to learn some sexual knowledge through their friends and classmates than girls. In family life, parents talk about sexual topics with their parents and children less frequently, but most children believe that parents can give them useful help in sex, and children are more inclined to consult their parents when facing sexual questions.
Mass spectrometry analysis in peptidomic research with Richard Kay
Authors: Kay Richard
Published: April 2020

Richard Kay, senior research associate at the Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science at Cambridge University (UK), discusses how mass spectrometry and triple quadrupole systems are being used to study the peptidome of people with diabetes and post-bariatric surgery.
Re-challenging antibiotic resistance with Daniel Berman
Authors: Berman Daniel
Published: April 2020

How can we prevent the rise of resistance to antibiotics? In this video, Daniel Berman,  Nesta Challenges, discusses the global threat of AMR and how prizes like the Longitude Prize can foster the development of rapid diagnostic tests for bacterial infections, helping to contribute towards reducing the global threat of drug resistant bacteria. Daniel outlines how accelerating the development of rapid point-of-care tests will ensure that bacterial infections are treated with the most appropriate antibiotic, at the right time and in the right healthcare setting.
Innovations in point of care testing for bacterial infections: The Longitude Prize with Daniel Berman
Authors: Berman Daniel
Published: April 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious clinical and public healthcare challenges. In this video Daniel Berman,  Nesta Challenges, provides an overview of the Longitude Prize, why the prize was set up and what the prize hopes to achieve. Daniel also provides insight into some of the rapid diagnostic tests currently in the running for the £8 million prize.
Designing and developing therapeutic proteins with Jumi Shin
Authors: Shin Jumi
Published: April 2020

In this Expert Perspective, Jumi Shin of the University of Toronto discusses her transdisciplinary work designing designing peptide therapeutics. Jumi also provides an overview of the research being undertaken at her lab and discusses her hopes where this work may lead.
DIVERSIFIKASI OLAHAN SUSU KAMBING MENJADI KRUPUK SUSU DI KELOMPOK WANITA TERNAK KECAMATAN SURUH KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK
Authors: Daroini Ahsin , Rokana Efi , Sarbini Riska Nurtantyo
Published: April 2020

Penganekaragam produk susu menjadi dodol susu, permen susu, susu bubuk, yoghurt, dan es krim dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan susu murni yang berkualitas, sedangkan pembuatan kerupuk susu justru memanfaatkan susu yang tidak memenuhi standar kualitas atau diistilahkan dengan susu pecah. Pengolahan susu pecah menjadi kerupuk susu merupakan solusi pemanfaatan bahan berkualitas rendah menjadi olahan berkualitas tinggi dan lebih berdaya saing. Pelaksanaan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode partisipatif, penyuluhan, endampingan, dan pelatihan di lokasi kedua mitra di Kecamatan Suruh Kabupaten Trenggalek. Pemecahan masalah pada kedua mitra dari aspek produksi dan aspek manajemen dilakukan secara bertahap serta melibatkan peran aktif mitra dalam pelaksanaa program secara berkesinambungan. Hasil PKM menunjukkan bahwa permintaan pasar sangat terbuka luas dan bahan baku susu kambing di Kecamatan Suruh cukup tersedia. Sosialisasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan tentang cara pengolahan susu kambing menjadi kerupuk susu dalam rangka diversifikasi produk, pengemasan produk, teknik pemasaran secara on line, pencatatan keuangan usaha, jaminan keamanan produk berupa nomor PIRT dan bantuan fasilitas produksi berupa mesin pengering dan pengiris/pemotong kerupuk sudah dilaksanakan di kedua mitra dan respon mitra sangat bagus untuk mendukung keberlanjutan program PKM ini dalam kegiatan usaha selanjutnya. Kesimpulan PKM adalah produk krupuk susu sudah diproduksi oleh mitra dengan melakukan pengemasan yang bagus dan memiliki PIRTserta jangkaun pemasaran yang lebih luas melalui media internet. Saran yang diberikan adalah sebaiknya instansi terkait senantiasa memberikan evaluasi dan pembinaan secara berkala mengenai keberlanjutan usaha pengolahan susu kambing khususnya di Kecamatan Suruh.
Efektivitas Terapi Gestalt dalam memperbaiki hubungan interpersonal dengan ayah pada pasien gangguan psikotik
Authors: Rizkiana Afitria
Published: April 2020

Gangguan psikotik merupakan gangguan persepsi, pikiran, suasana hati dan perilaku seseorang. Asesmen dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi, tes psikologi yang meliputi tes grafis (BAUM, DAP, dan HTP), WAIS, SSCT, TAT, dan Bender Gestalt, serta studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil asesmen, subjek  didiagnosa mengalami Gangguan Psikotik Akibat Kondisi Medis Lain dengan Delusi (293.81) Permasalahan subjek adalah adanya konflik dengan ayah yang belum terselesaikan. Intervensi yang dilakukan kepada subjek  bertujuan untuk membantu menyelesaikan masalah dengan ayah. Hasil intervensi yaitu subjek  menyadari bahwa masalah-masalah yang pernah subjek alami dengan ayahnya merupakan pengalaman menyedihkan masa lalu yang dapat diselesaikan dengan lebih bisa menerima sikap dan perlakuan ayah sehingga hubungan dengan ayah menjadi lebih baik.  Keywords: Terapi gestalt, hubungan interpersonal, psikotik
"Nyekah" Ceremony in Hindu Community in Sesetan Village, Denpasar: Ethno-Linguistic Study
Authors: Prastika I Gusti Putu Cahya Arsya , Budiarta I Wayan , Muliana I Nyoman
Published: April 2020

Culture and language are habitual things that are always done by the generation in a region. This research focused on the study of ethno-linguistic that discovered the grammatical meaning, cultural meaning and symbolic meaning of ‘Nyekah’ ceremony in Sesetan village, Denpasar. This research is an ethno-linguistic study in which the researcher will examine the procession of Nyekah in the perspective of linguistic that is related with culture. The method of data collection used is participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. There were 22 lingual elements that those data were categorized as elliptical sentences. Those data were analyzed to find the grammatical and cultural meaning. Furthermore, in ‘Nyekah’ ceremony there were 6 symbolic data which were used in the ritual. Every symbol had deep meaning that were related with religion, human life and nature.
Astrological Biochemistry of Vitamins
Authors: Dimri Mayank , Kush Luv
Published: April 2020

Vitamins are organic compounds and an integral part of the balanced diet. Biochemically they function as coenzymes. The vitamins belong to the zodiacal sign Virgo in astrological parlance. They complement medicine by the application of astrological knowledge for the eradication of aliments.
Nebulizer – In vitro Bioequivalence testing requirements: A review
Authors: Prajapati Shubham , Saha Sanjay , Shambulingappa B , Ch. Dilip Kumar , Sahoo Bikash
Published: April 2020

Generic Nebulized aerosol is often perceived as inferior to their branded counterparts; however, they are safe and effective if they can meet the regulatory requirements. International regulatory agencies have developed recommendations and guidance for bioequivalence approaches of orally inhaled drug products (OIDPs) for local action. The objective of this article is to discuss the approaches can be used for to show bioequivalence requirement for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States of America (USA) with reference product. This review endorsed that inhalation solutions and suspensions undertaken to determine the drug substance delivery rate, total drug substance delivered and Aerodynamic assessment of nebulized aerosols [aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD)/droplet size distribution (DSD)].These are the most important parameters in characterization, evaluation and bioequivalence studies of nebulizers. These devices operate continuously; once loaded and require little or no co-ordination on the part of user they proved that these devices suitable for weak, pediatric or geriatric patients. The regulatory agencies declared that; there is no specific requirements testing in case of nebulizers like Metered dose inhalers (MDI) and Dry powder inhalers (DPIs). In United States of America (USA) regulation falls under the auspices of centre for devices and radiological health (CDRH), and new devices require 510(k) premarket notification. This review outlines all the bioequivalence test parameter.
Hydrogel Activity Test from Kirinyu Leaf Ethanol Extract (Chromolaenaodorata (L.) R. King & H. Rob) and Combination of Kirinyu Leaf Ethanol Extract with Collagen As A Healing Wound Excision.
Authors: S Thursina C , R Julia , S Sumaiyah
Published: April 2020

Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the activity of the kirinyu leaf ethanol extract hydrogel preparation and the combination of the kirinyu leaf ethanol extract with collagen as a healing wound excision.

Method: This research is experimental, where the ethanol extracts of Kirinyu leaves and collagen are formulated in the form of hydrogel preparations and tested on the healing of excision wounds in rats. Testing wound healing activities were divided into 6 groups. The Group 1 (negative control) were given hydrogel base without Kirinyu leaf ethanol extract in combination with collagen, group 2 (positive control) were given Octenilin®gel, groups 3 and 4, were given hydrogel of Kirinyu leaf ethanol extract while groups 5 and 6 were given hydrogel extract of kirinyu leaves combined with collagen.

Result: The results of percent reduction in wound diameter showed that groups 3 and 4 gave significant differences compared to group 1 which began to be seen on the 10th day (p <0.05). While groups 5 and 6 gave significant differences that began to be seen on the 8th day (p <0.05).

Conclusion:Hydrogel preparation in group 6 has the most potential in healing excision wounds.
A Review on Micropropagation Culture Method
Authors: Gupta Nikita , Jain Vidhi , Joseph Merin Rosy , Devi Siwani
Published: April 2020

Micropropagation is a vegetative propagation conducted under controlled and aseptic conditions in the microenvironment of the culture vessel, which have the all growth requirements of a plant in the natural conditions. Recently different techniques of propagation have been developed which could facilitate large scale production of plants and for the improvement of the species. An overview on the in vitro propagation via meristem culture, callus culture and protoplast culture etc. are presented here. Today micropropagation techniques are applied in order to produce large numbers of new high-quality plants in a relatively short time and space, in low cost and can also be preserved.
Karakteristik Emisi CO2 Tanah Gambut di Bawah Tegakan Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Winarna Winarna , Santoso Heri
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik emisi CO2 dari tanah gambut di bawah tegakan kelapa sawit yang dihubungkan dengan faktor lingkungan spesifik lokasi penelitian di daerah Kabupaten Labuhan Batu, Sumatera Utara. Gas CO2 diambil dengan menggunakan close chamber technique, sedangkan konsentrasi gas tersebut diukur menggunakan portable micro Gas Chromatograph CP 4900. Faktor lingkungan sebagai variabel bebas yang diamati meliputi suhu tanah (TS), suhu atmosfer (TA), kelembaban tanah lapisan 0 – 5 cm (SM5), kelembaban tanah lapisan 0 – 30 cm (SM30), dan pH gambut (A). Model hubungan CO2 dengan faktor dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi Spearman dan regresi multivariant. Analisis regresi multivariant dilakukan menggunakan regresi stepwise untuk mengetahui faktor lingkungan yang mempunyai hubungan dengan CO2 pada taraf beda nyata 5%. Analisis variance inflation factor (vif) dilakukan untuk melihat multicollinearity dari model regresi multivariant. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi Spearman, faktor lingkungan A (pH gambut) mempunyai koefisiensi korelasi yang tegolong sedang (R = 0.637). Hasil regresi stepwise menunjukkan bahwa emisi CO2 nyata dipengaruhi oleh kelembaban tanah SM30 dan A (n = 216; p < 0.05) dengan nilai vif <3. Regresi multivariant, menghasilkan persamaan terbaik (R2 = 0.420) dimana emisi CO2 = 7.394*A – 0.008*SM30 – 16.659. Secara parsial, penelitian ini juga memperoleh model hubungan emisi CO2 dengan kelembaban tanah gambut, dimana emisi CO2 tertinggi dicapai pada kondisi kelembaban tanah sekitar kapasitas lapang (354 – 376% w w-1) dan menurun dengan meningkatnya kelembaban tanah di atas kadar air kapasitas lapangan. Emisi CO2 tanah gambut mengalami penurunan pada kondisi tanah gambut mengering di bawah zone kadar air kritis, hal ini karena hidrofobisitas tanah gambut meningkat.
Validasi Metode Analisis Zeatin Menggunakan Teknik Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) sebagai Instrumen Studi Kultur In vitro Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Simamora Arfan Nazhri , Dinarti Diny , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: April 2020

Analisis kuantitatif fitohormon zeatin dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara respon pembentukan kalus maupun embrio dengan keberadaan zeatin itu sendiri pada jaringan eksplan serta interaksi antara zeatin yang terdapat pada jaringan eksplan dengan zat pengatur tumbuh sintetis yang ditambahkan pada media kultur in vitro kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh metode analisis kandungan zeatin yang mudah dan cepat untuk direproduksi sehingga dapat diaplikasikan pada kajian-kajian penelitian fitohormon, terutama zeatin. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) dengan kolom C18 dan fase gerak 100% metanol (MeOH) secara isokratik serta laju alir 0.2 mL/menit dengan detektor UV λ = 280 nm. Eksplan yang dianalisis berasal dari individu yang mewakili varietas La Me, Avros, PPKS 239 dan Simalungun. Hasil uji kesesuaian sistem menunjukkan bahwa metode memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan untuk analisis dengan nilai rerata standar deviasi parameter RSD ≤ 2. Validasi metode memberikan hasil kurva kalibrasi dengan nilai koefisien determinasi r2 = 0,9996 dan presisi instrumen dan metode dengan standar deviasi relatif masing-masing sebesar 0,56 dan 1,03. Diperoleh nilai LoD dan LoQ masing-masing sebesar 2,457 ppm dan 7,446 ppm.
Cephalofacial characteristics of the Akan people in the Assin Districts in Central Region of Ghana: Anthropometric Studies
Authors: Kyei Gordon , Moshkdanian Ghazaleh , Pasbakhsh Parichehr , Abolhasani Farid , Rastegar Tayebeh , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza
Published: April 2020

Objective: Cephalic and facial indices are very important in the classification and identification of populations. The present study aims at determining the cephalic and facial indices among the Akan ethnic group living the Assin Districts in the Central Region of Ghana.

Methods: A total of 100 (50 males and 50 females) Akan volunteer adults between the age of 20 and 58 years were recruited for the study. Cephalic Length (CL), Cephalic Width (CW), Facial Width (FW) and Total Facial Height (TFH) were measured using a Spreading caliper. Cephalic Index (CI) [(CW/CL) Ã— 100] and Facial Index (FI) or Prosopic Index (PI) [(TFH/FW) Ã—100] as well statistical analysis such as z-test and Pearson Correlation were performed. The p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Our results are comparable with other authors with mean (for both male and females) CI and FI of 78.6Â± 4.66 and 96.51 Â± 12.55, respectively. There was a correlation between CW and FW as well as some other cephlaofacial parameters. There was no sexual dimorphism of both CI and FI. The predominant head type among the study populations was mesocephalic and brachycephalic while Hyperleptoprosopic was the face type.

Conclusion: This study provides baseline data for the Akan people of The Assin Districts of the Central Region of Ghana, which will be valuable in cephalometric anthropometry and in forensic science.
Effect of Sarcopenia on Postoperative Complications after Curative Pancreatectomy for Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mercan Ã¼mit , ErÅŸen OgÃ¼n , Ãœnal Ali Ekrem
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of sarcopenia on the development of serious postoperative complications in patients who underwent curative pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Total psoas index (TPI) was calculated for sarcopenia diagnosis by measures of psoas muscle area on the level of L3 spine from preoperative staging computerised tomograhpy (CT) images in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing curative resection. Patient demographics and postoperative outcomes were analised  in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic group.

Results: It has been found to be statistically significant relation between severe postoperative complication and sarcopenia (p=0,001>). Sarcopenia was more associated with cardiac and pulmoner complications among others (p=0.007, p=0.003 respectively). In multivariate analysis, age (OR: 1,08. %95 CI: 1,01~1,15, p=0,013), ASA score (OR: 2,84. 95% CI 1,62 ~ 4,97. p= 0,043) and TPI (OR: 3,61. 95% CI: 1,58 ~ 5,74. p= 0,001>) has been found independent risk factors for severe postoperative complications.  

Conclusion: Our results suggest that sarcopenia determined by using TPI, which can be easily obtained by examining the preoperative CT imaging, is an independent risk factor of severe postoperative complications. Determining the degree of sarcopenia can affect patient selection, predictability of possible serious complications, elective operation preparation process with a combination of nutrition and exercise therapy in a particular patient group and decisions regarding adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy.
Community Resilience of Mining Area and Food Vulnerability in South Kalimantan
Authors: Nasdian Fredian Tonny , Katrina Pandjaitan Nurmala , Ardinal Barlan Zessy
Published: April 2020

Coal mining policies and activities in addition to having a positive impact on state income, job creation and business, also have a negative impact on ecosystems and communities in the mining area. The study was conducted in two mining communities in South Kalimantan using an emic and etic approach to explore community resilience and food insecurity due to ecological changes and the impact of mining policies and activities. Coal mining policies and activities in South Kalimantan causes catastrophic floods, land damage, and crop failure on lowland rice fields that have an impact on potential food insecurity at the household and community level. The pattern of community resilience in the two communities is in the form of social movements as a form of social adaptation, and agricultural land recovery and changing agricultural commodities as a form of ecological adaptation. The process of community resilience in the two communities is at the level of recovery towards a stable community condition, not yet at the transformation stage. Community capability is the most influential factor on the degree of community resilience so that the handling of food insecurity based on community resilience needs to be done by developing strategies to increase community capability.
System and tax policy and population policy
Authors: Raicevic Bozidar , Gagic Brankica , Pantic Danijel
Published: April 2020

System and tax policy may be used for numerous purposes. That is, especially,
the case with contemporary tax systems which are, among other features,
based at the synthetic (global) taxation of the economic capacity of the
natural persons. Besides the basic, fiscal, many other goals, may be reached
through the taxation, including those which fall in the scope of the
population policy. In this paper, modern tendencies have been analysed in
achieving the goals of the population policy, which provide solutions in
respect of the following tax instruments: personal income tax, corporate
income tax, property tax and turnover tax. It has been emphasized that
relatively numerous and differentiated possibilities exist in respect of the
annual personal income tax and far less, with the other forms of taxation.
Early metabolic features of genetic liability to type 2 diabetes: cohort study with repeated metabolomics across early life
Authors: Bell Joshua A. , Bull Caroline J. , Gunter Marc J. , Carslake David , Mahajan Anubha , Smith George Davey , Timpson Nicholas J. , Vincent Emma E.
Published: April 2020

Objective: Type 2
diabetes develops for many years before diagnosis. We aimed to reveal early
metabolic features characterising liability to adult disease by examining
genetic liability to adult type 2 diabetes in relation to metabolomic traits
across early life.

Research Design
and Methods: Up to 4,761 offspring from the
Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were studied. Linear models
were used to examine effects of a genetic risk score (162 variants) for adult type
2 diabetes on 229 metabolomic traits (lipoprotein-subclass-specific cholesterol
and triglycerides, amino acids, glycoprotein acetyls, others) measured at age
8y, 16y, 18y, and 25y. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was also conducted
using genome-wide association study data on metabolomic traits in an
independent sample of 24,925 adults.

Results: At age
8y, associations were most evident for type 2 diabetes liability (per
SD-higher) with lower lipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subtypes, e.g. -0.03
SD (95% CI=-0.06, -0.003) for total lipids in very-large HDL. At 16y,
associations were stronger with pre-glycemic traits including citrate and with
glycoprotein acetyls (0.05 SD, 95% CI=0.01, 0.08), and at 18y, associations
were stronger with branched chain amino acids. At 25y, associations had
strengthened with VLDL lipids and remained consistent with previously altered
traits including HDL lipids. Two-sample MR estimates among adults indicated persistent
patterns of effect of disease liability.

Conclusions: Our
results support perturbed HDL lipid metabolism as one of the earliest features
of type 2 diabetes liability, alongside higher branched
chain amino acid and inflammatory levels. Several features are apparent in
childhood as early as age 8y, decades before the clinical onset of disease.
Acrylamide Exposure and Oxidative DNA Damage, Lipid Peroxidation and Fasting Plasma Glucose Alteration: Association and Mediation Analyses in Chinese Urban Adults
Authors: Wang Bin , Qiu Weihong , Yang Shijie , Cao Limin , Zhu Chunmei , Ma Jixuan , Li Wei , Zhang Zhuang , Xu Tao , Wang Xing , Cheng Man , Mu Ge , Wang Dongming , Zhou Yun , Yuan Jing , Chen Weihong
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE:
Acrylamide
exposure from daily-consumed food has raised global concern. We aimed to assess the exposure-response
relationships of internal acrylamide exposure with oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation
and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) alteration, and investigate the mediating role
of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in the association of internal acrylamide
exposure with FPG.

RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODS:
FPG and urinary biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine, 8-OHdG),
lipid peroxidation (8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α, 8-iso-PGF2α) and acrylamide
exposure (N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine, AAMA; N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine,
GAMA) were measured for 3,270 general adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort. The
associations of urinary acrylamide metabolites with 8-OHdG, 8-iso-PGF2α and FPG
were assessed by linear mixed models. The mediating roles of 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α
were evaluated by mediation analysis.

RESULTS: We found
significant linear positive dose-response relationships of urinary acrylamide metabolites
with 8-OHdG, 8-iso-PGF2α and FPG (except GAMA with FPG), and 8-iso-PGF2α with
FPG. Each 1-unit increase in log-transformed level of AAMA, ΣUAAM (AAMA+GAMA)
or 8-iso-PGF2α was associated with a 0.17-, 0.15- or 0.23-mmol/L increase in
FPG, respectively (P or/and P trend<0.05). Each 1% increase in AAMA,
GAMA or ΣUAAM was associated with a 0.19%, 0.27% or 0.22% increase in 8-OHdG,
respectively, and a 0.40%, 0.48% or 0.44% increase in 8-iso-PGF2α, respectively
(P and P trend<0.05). Increased 8-iso-PGF2α rather than 8-OHdG
significantly mediated 64.29% and 76.92% of the AAMA and ΣUAAM associated-FPG
increases, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of
general adult population to acrylamide was associated with FPG elevation, oxidative
DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, which in turn partly mediated
acrylamide-associated FPG elevation.
Necrostatin-1 Mitigates Cognitive Dysfunction in Prediabetic Rats With no Alteration in Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Admin Ada , Jinawong Kewarin , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Wongsuchai Supawit , Pratchayasakul Wasana , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C
Published: April 2020

Previous
studies show that 12-week
of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption
caused not only prediabetes, but also cognitive decline
and brain pathologies. Recently, necrostatin-1 (nec-1), a necroptosis inhibitor,
showed beneficial effects in brain against stroke. However, the comparative effects of
nec-1 and metformin on cognition and brain
pathologies in prediabetes have not been investigated. We hypothesized that nec-1 and metformin equally attenuated
cognitive decline and brain pathologies in prediabetic rats. Rats
(n=32) were fed
with either normal diet (ND) or high-fat
diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. At week 13, ND-fed
rats were given a vehicle (n=8) and HFD-fed rats were randomly assigned into 3 subgroups (n=8/subgroup) with vehicle, nec-1 or metformin for 8 weeks. Metabolic parameters, cognitive function,
brain insulin receptor function, synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density,
microglial morphology, brain mitochondrial function, Alzheimer’s
protein, and cell death were determined. HFD-fed
rats exhibited prediabetes, cognitive decline, and brain pathologies. Nec-1
and metformin equally improved cognitive function, synaptic plasticity,
dendritic spine density, microglial morphology, brain mitochondrial function, reduced
hyperphosphorylated-tau and necroptosis in HFD-fed rats. Interestingly
metformin, but not nec-1, improved brain insulin
sensitivity in those rats.  In conclusion, necroptosis inhibition
directly improved cognition in prediabetic rats without alteration in insulin sensitivity.
Роль ожирения в динамике функционального состояния почек и процессах Fas-опосредованного апоптоза после аортокоронарного шунтирования на работающем сердце
Authors: Miroliubova O.A. , Moseeva A.S. , SHonbin A.N.
Published: April 2020

Цель.Оценить влияние ожирения на активацию Fas-опосредованного апоптоза и клубочковую функцию почек у пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью с сохраненной фракцией выброса левого желудочка (СН-сФВ) после аортокоронарного шунтирования (АКШ) без искусственного кровообращения (ИК). Материал и методы.В исследование включены 30 пациентов, которым выполнена операция АКШ без ИК. Сформированы две группы: с ожирением и без ожирения, которые не различались по полу и возрасту и страдали СН-сФВ. До операции и через 48 ч, 7 дней после в плазме крови методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) были определены биомаркеры апоптоза: растворимый Fas-лиганд (sFasL), растворимый Fas-рецептор (sFas), матриксная металлопротеиназа-9 (MMP-9), тканевой ингибитор MMP (TIMP-1). Через 7 дней и 1 год после операции определена динамика скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ). Результаты.Выявлено повышение проапоптотического sFasL у больных с ожирением через 48 ч после операции и более низкий уровень антиапоптотического маркера sFas у всех исследуемых больных по сравнению с исходными значениями. Выявлена различная динамика СКФ через год после операции: у пациентов без ожирения повышение, с ожирением снижение. Также появилось различие в СКФ между группами (у больных без ожирения 111,022,2 мл/мин/1,73 м2, с ожирением 82,025,0 мл/мин/1,73 м2, p0,005), через год после АКШ без ИК, чего не было до операции. Показано, что значение индекса массы тела более 28 кг/м2 является предиктором снижения СКФ через 1 год после АКШ без ИК. Выводы.В раннем периоде после АКШ без ИК у пациентов с ожирением выявлена активация процессов апоптоза с повышением sFasL и снижением sFas, что отражает дисбаланс в системе Fas-опосредованного апоптоза. Отмечена различная динамика СКФ в зависимости от ожирения: у пациентов с ожирением снижение, без ожирения повышение.
Случай успешного устранения эпикардиально расположенной монофокусной правопредсердной тахикардии из трансаортального доступа
Authors: Filatov A.G. , IAh`iaev IA.B. , Sabirov SH.N.
Published: April 2020

Фокусные предсердные тахикардии могут возникать в различных участках обоих предсердий, их ушках и корне аорты. Однако на сегодняшний день имеются ограниченные сообщения о радиочастотной аблации предсердной тахикардии в основании корня аорты. Повреждение устьев коронарных артерий является потенциальным грозным осложнением в ходе выполнения катетерной радиочастотной аблации, которое может привести к полной окклюзии сосуда. Тем не менее стоит отметить, что повреждение и окклюзия ствола левой коронарной артерий при выполнении катетерной радиочастотной аблации возникает в исключительно редких случаях (3) и может быть эффективно устранено при своевременном выполнении чрескожного коронарного вмешательства. Одним из методов профилактики данных осложнений является выполнение интраоперационной полипроекционной коронарографии для оценки взаимоотношения коронарных артерий и кончика аблационного катетера до начала радиочастотного воздействия.