bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Orang Tua dalam Mendampingi Kegiatan Belajar Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Paud Az Zahra
Authors: Andriani Dini , Iskandar Rhoma
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Saat ini hampir seluruh negara di dunia telah terjangkit virus corona (COVID-19). Guru dan murid dipaksakan untuk tetap belajar dan bekerja dari rumah, serta dipaksa untuk mengenal dan menerapkan metode pembelajaran baru yaitu dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran dalam jaringan. Kegiatan pembelajaran dalam jaringan ini membutuhkan peran aktif orang tua untuk mendampingi kegiatan belajar anak di rumah.
Tujuan: Peran orang tua dalam pendampingan kegiatan belajar anak pada masa pandemi COVID-19.
Metode: Menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi dan wawancara terhadap Kepala Sekolah, dewan guru dan orang tua siswa PAUD Az Zahra, baik melalui virtual maupun melalui tatap muka dengan mematuhi protokol kesehatan yang ketat.
Hasil: Menyoroti bagaimana peranan orang tua dan apa saja kendala yang dihadapi orang tua dalam membantu kegiatan belajar anak serta solusi yang dapat diambil untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut.
Kesimpulan: Peningkatan kesadaran orang tua terhadap peran mereka dalam mendampingi kegiatan belajar anak di rumah selama masa pandemi menjadikan kemampuan belajar dan aspek perkembangan anak semakin meningkat.
Efektivitas Belajar Anak Usia Dini pada PAUD Miftahul Ulum di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Mulyaningsih Endang , Iskandar Rhoma
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang:  Pandemi COVID-19 menjadikan perubahan sistem pembelajaran pada pendidikan dimana pendidik harus mampu berinovasi dalam pembelajaran menggunakan metode daring yang menggunakan internet  untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya penularan virus COVID-19 khususnya pada anak usia dini.Sehingga yang semula normal belajar tatap muka dikelas menjadi belajar daring atau online.
Tujuan. Dengan disiplin baik dari pihak pendidik,peserta didik dan orang tua  dalam melaksanakan kegiatan belajar mengajar secara online maupun home visit. Maka akan diketahui efektivitas belajar anak usia dini disaat pandemic COVID-19.
Metode: Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan penelitian tindakan kelas.
Hasil: Dalam penelitian ada beberapa kendala diantaranya, jaringan, penggunaan gadget (kurangnya memahami penggunaan aplikasi pada gadget untuk pembelajaran daring), serta faktor ekonomi dari  keluarga. Salah satu solusi yang dilakukan pada PAUD Miftahul Ulum Gunung Sindur Bogor dengan menggunakan metode home visit. Dalam metode video call pembelajaran dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan juga tidak memberatkan orang tua, tanpa mengurangi protocol kesehatan yang dilakukan pada masa pandemic COVID-19 ini. Dalam pembelajaran video call pendidik juga mendapatkan informasi tentang anak didik dan orang tua  secara langsung, serta bisa membangun hubungan timbal balik antara orang tua , anak didik, dan pendidik. Secara tidak langsung pendidik juga mendapatkan informasi tentang latar belakang sosial, ekonomi yang terdapat dalam keluarga anak didik tersebut, dan bisa memecahkan masalah dan hambatan anak didik secara komprehensif.
Kesimpulan: Pembelajaran yang efektif di masa pandemic khususnya di PAUD Miftahul ulum adalah dengan menggunakan pembelajaran daring melalui media Whatsapp and video call karena dengan metode baik orang tua maupun anak didik mampu memahami materi pembelajaran yang disampaikan oleh pendidik.
Kepemimpinan Islam Berdasarkan Dalil-Dalil Syar’i: Al-Quran dan Hadits
Authors: Lathifah Etharina , Ariska Pebiyanti Lilis , Firmansyah Nur Faiz
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Kepemimpinan Islami merupakan atau cara mempengaruhi dari seorang pimpinan kepada bawahannya yang ditujukan untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dimana cara tersebut didasarkan pada aturan-aturan yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur'an dan Hadits
Tujuan: Untuk mengarahkan dan memotivasi tingkah laku orang lain, serta ada usaha kerja sama sesuai dengan Al-Qur'an dan As-Sunnah atau Hadits
Metode: Menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan, metode ini saat menganalisis model data menggunakan model analisis deskriptif
Hasil: Kepemimpinan merupakan keseimbangan antara kepemimpinan dengan konsep duniawi maupun konsep ukhrawi, dengan mencapai tujuan yang hakiki dari sekedar tujuan organisasi yang bersifat sementara, serta menuntut komitmen tinggi kepada prinsip-prinsip islam dan menempatkan tugas kepemimpinan tidak hanya sekedar tugas kemanusiaan yang diperlengkapi.
Kesimpulan: Dalam Islam, kepemimpinan sangat penting, sehingga mendapat perhatian yang besar. Kepemimpinan adalah dua persoalan sehari-hari yang saling terkait dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berorganisasi, bernegara, dan berbangsa. Kemajuan dan kemunduran masyarakat, organisasi, dan bangsa semuanya dipengaruhi oleh para pemimpin dan kepemimpinannya.
Implementasi Program Pengabdian Pesantren dalam Meningkatkan Kemandirian Mahasantri Ma’had Aly
Authors: Abdillaհ Hilmi
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Pengabdian dari perguruan tinggi dan pesantren menjadi salaհ satu program wajib di Ma'հad Aly Hasyim Asy'ari, di mana setiap maհasantri mengemban kewajiban tersebut sebelum memperoleհ ijaza kelulusan. Sejauհ masa pengabdian, selain memberikan ilmu pada sasaran pengabdian, maհasantri juga secara langsung mendapatkan ilmu dari pengalaman-pengalaman.
Tujuan: Mengimplementasikan program pengabdian pesantren di Ma'հad Aly Hasyim Asy'ari Tebuireng serta meningkatkan kemandirian maհasantri.
Metode: Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan dengan tiga teknik, yaitu: (1) wawancara, (2) observasi, dan (3) dokumentasi.
Hasil: Program pengabdian pesantren yang diselenggarakan oleհ Ma'հad Aly Hasyim Asy'ari Tebuireng ialaհ merupakan program wajib yang arus dilaksanakan oleհ seluruհ maհasantri selama dua taհun. Diselenggarakan secara kolaboratif melalui tiga lembaga, yakni Ma'հad Aly Hasyim Asy'ari, Balai Diklat, dan Pesantren Tebuireng. Jenis pengabdian bermacam-macam sesuai dengan kebutuհan lembaga dan kompetensi maհasantri. Karakter kemandirian tumbu secara emosional, ekonomi, intelektual, dan sosial.
Kesimpulan: Implementasi program pengabdian pesantren di Ma'had Aly Hasyim Asy'ari dapat meningkatkan kemandirian mahasantri.
Pengaruh Perbedaan Qira’at Shahih dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an dan Implikasinya Terhadap Hukum
Authors: Prasastia Amnesti Muhammad Esa , Yusam Thobroni Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Dalam perkembangan dunia Islam, qira’at juga semakin menyebar ke beberapa penjuru negara dan banyak dipelajari oleh umat Islam. Sampai ada banyak versi bacaan, beberapa di antaranya telah diakui validitasnya, meskipun bersumber dari Nabi, tetapi beberapa qira’at masih dipertanyakan, dan mungkin tidak berasal dari nabi. Oleh karena itu, para ulama Qurra’ membutuhkan tiga kriteria untuk memverifikasi versi qira’at. Ketiga syarat ini pertama diriwayatkan oleh sanad mutawatir, kedua menurut mushaf Utsmani, dan ketiga menurut kaidah Arab.
Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan qira’at  shahih dalam penafsiran Al-Qur’an dan implikasinya terhadap hukum.
Metode: Metode kepustakaan/literature review, yaitu dengan merangkum berbagai sumber jurnal, majalah, serta Al-Qur’an dan Hadis.
Hasil: Perbedaan qira’at sebagian besar tidak berpengaruh dan hanya sebagian kecil saja berpengaruh terhadap istinbath hukum Islam. Adanya perbedaan qira’at memberikan hikmah berupa kemudahan bagi umat Islam dari segi cara pembacaanya serta menunjukkan kemukjizatan Al Qur’an dari segi isinya. Sekalipun eksistensi qira’at beragam, namun petunjuknya tetap dapat dipahami di balik pembacaan ayat-ayatnya, baik dengan qira’at  Mutawâtir maupun Masyhur.
Kesimpulan: Qira’at berarti membaca, dalam konteks Al-Qur'an, berarti membaca Al-Qur'an. Bacaan Al-Qur'an pasti akan mempengaruhi penafsiran maknanya. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, perbedaan qira’at tidak dapat dipungkiri, sebagian ulama besar membagi qira’at menjadi beberapa bagian. Namun sebenarnya, perbedaan Chirat ini bukanlah masalah besar yang harus diperdebatkan. Tetapi beberapa kebijaksanaan yang sangat indah dipanen di baliknya.
Improving Student Reading Comprehension Through Cooperative Learning (Snowball Throwing) at Senior High School
Authors: Meyla Mufida Natasya
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Membaca merupakan salah satu keterampilan dasar dalam bahasa Inggris. Namun untuk melakukan kegiatan membaca juga harus memerlukan cara yang benar agar pembaca dapat memahami isi bacaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode lempar bola salju sebagai teknik pemahaman membaca. Teknik ini dilakukan secara berkelompok sehingga diperlukan kerjasama yang tinggi.
Tujuan: Meningkatkan pemahaman membaca siswa dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif melalui permainan lempar bola salju. Desain penelitian ini berupa data kualitatif.
Metode: Menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif.
Hasil: Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran kooperatif dengan permainan lempar bola salju dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa dan juga memudahkan siswa dalam mengerjakan soal dan jawaban.
Kesimpulan: Dalam metode pembelajaran kooperatif siswa diajarkan secara rinci dalam menganalisis bacaan tetapi dengan cara yang lebih mengasyikkan dan tidak terlalu didorong dalam buku. Dengan cara ini siswa akan merasa lebih bebas, tidak tertekan dan suasana belajar akan jauh lebih santai dan tidak membosankan sehingga siswa akan lebih mudah menyerap pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh peneliti.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS dengan Pendekatan Kooperatif Learning Cell pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Bodag 01 Kecamatan Kare Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Suwarni Suwarni , Hanif Muhammad , Sudarmiani Sudarmiani
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Rendahnya partisipasi belajar siswa di SD Negeri Bodag 01 ditunjukkan oleh banyaknya siswa yang kurang memahami materi pelajaran yang disampaikan guru, serta para siswa kurang antusias dalam bertanya, sehingga bisa dibuktikan hasil belajar yang tertera dalam hasil penilaian diatas KKM belum mencapai 75%.  
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui dapat/tidaknya pendekatan kooperatif learning cell dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri Bodag 01 Kecamatan Kare Kabupaten Madiun.
Metode: Menerapkan metode atau pendekatan kooperatif learning cell melalui dua siklus, dan masing masing siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap kegiatan yaitu (1) Tahap penyusunan rencana tindakan; (2) Tahap pelaksanaan tindakan; (3) Tahap pengamatan atau observasi dan (4) Tahap perefleksian.
Hasil: Hasil yang dicapai  dalam penelitian ini dengan pendekatan kooperatif learning cell bahwa pada siklus I dan II, sebagaimana table 4.20 apabila KKM ditetapkan 75 maka pada siklus I siswa yang belum tuntas dalam belajarnya sebanyak 6 siswa atau 30% (perolehan nilai < KKM), sedangkan siswa yang tuntas belajar sebanyak 14 orang atau 70% (perolehan nilai < KKM), sedangkan pada siklus II siswa yang belum tuntas dalam belajarnya sejumlah 2 siswa atau 10% (perolehan nilai < KKM), sedangkan siswa yang tuntas belajar sebanyak 18 siswa atau 90% (perolehan nilai > KKM), hal ini berarti dengan metode kooperatif learning cell dalam KD 3.3 dan KD 4.3  terjadi kenaikan ketuntasan sebesar 20%.
Kesimpulan: Pendekatan kooperatif learning cell dapat  meningkatkan kemampuan dalam pembelajaran IPS, oleh sebab itu pendekatan  ini sebaiknya digunakan dalam upaya meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dan mengurangi dominasi guru dalam pembelajaran.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis PBL Berorientasi Hots untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Saraswati Dewi , Distri I Wayan , Ambarita Alben
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Dalam peningkatan pembelajaran agar mutu peserta didik lebih berkualitas dipelukan pengajaran serta sarana dan prasarana yang baik yang dapat membantu peserta didik memaknai belajarnya. Akan tetapi kenyataannya penerapan pembelajaran yang bermakna serta sarana dan prasarana pendidikan yang ada di sekolah-sekolah saat ini masih kurang memadai.
Tujuan: Mengembangkan LKPD berbasis problem based learning berorientasi high order thinking skills untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik dan mengetahui kelayakan LKPD.
Metode: Menggunakan metode (Research and Development). Subjek penelitian ini adalah empat orang guru kelas V dan 28 siswa SD IT Smart Insani. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif kuantitatif.
Hasil: Validasi tiga dosen ahli menyatakan bahwa LKPD layak digunakan dengan kategori sangat valid (82,80%). Teknik analisis data keefektifan produk pada uji coba lapangan menggunakan uji independent sample t-Tes. Hasil uji coba terbatas pada 14 siswa menunjukkan LKPD praktis dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran. LKPD hasil pengembangan praktis digunakan oleh siswa dengan kategori “sangat praktis” (88,94%) dan oleh guru dengan kategori “sangat praktis” (93,75%). Hasil uji coba lapangan yang dilakukan pada kelas eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa LKPD efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil analisis Independent t-Tes bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan terhadap rata-rata hasil kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik (0,012 < 0,05) antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Dengan demikian, LKPD yang telah dikembangkan dikatakan layak digunakan untuk kelas V SD.
Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan validitas dan uji coba yang dilakukan kepada respondent menunjukkan bahwa LKPD bisa dikembangkan serta digunakan untuk pembelajaran kelas V SD
The Lexicon-Use of Word Assassin: a Study Through Meaning Construction
Authors: Priastika Yudha Yetsyah
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Karena karakteristik waktu terus bergerak maju atau tidak dapat diulang, kita tidak pernah tahu bahwa perubahan bahasa sama dengan mekanisme waktu. Perdebatan yang mempertanyakan perspektif berbeda tentang konstruksi makna Assassin tidak memiliki solusi. Assassin yang dikenal banyak orang saat ini berada di luar ekspektasi konteks bahasa biasa, di mana mereka hanya sebatas memetik kata tanpa mengetahui keakuratannya.
Tujuan: Untuk memperjelas polemik yang terus terjadi dari waktu ke waktu karena memberikan pemahaman bahasa yang lebih baik sangat penting
Metode: Menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif pada leksikon kata Assassin.
Hasil: Bahwa tradisi yang dipertahankan oleh masyarakat saat ini buta terhadap konteks leksikon bahasa Assassin yang terkadang melenceng. Selanjutnya, beberapa konteks penggunaan kata Assasin leksikon harus diperhatikan dengan seksama karena kata Assasin merupakan kata khusus yang telah mengalami banyak sejarah.
Kesimpulan: Hal ini mengakibatkan pemahaman bahasa tidak sesederhana tangan kosong, apalagi kata Assassin memang mencerminkan multitafsir sesuai dengan blue print atau rekam jejak aspek sejarah dan memang benar adanya, selain itu, Kata Assassin memiliki penggunaan khusus yang erat kaitannya dengan kontekstualitas khusus dan tidak lazim sebagai konsumsi percakapan sehari-hari.
Peran Profesionalitas Guru dalam Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bidang Studi Al Quran Hadits di Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Waidi Waidi
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar seorang guru sangat membutuhkan bahan ajar sebagai acuan dalam memberikan materi pelajaran begitu pula siswa membutuhkan panduan dan pedoman guna mempelajari materi yang diberikan guru agar siap menerima materi yang akan disampaikan oleh guru.
Tujuan: (1) Bagaimana profesionalitas guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di MA Al Ikhlas Jatinegara Tegal? (2) Bagaimana upaya guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar Al-Qur’an Hadits di MA Al Ikhlas Jatinegara Tegal? (3) Bagaimana peran profesionalitas guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar Al-Qur’an Hadits di MA Al Ikhlas Jatinegara Tegal?. Adapun tujuan dari pembahasan di atas adalah untuk mengetahui (1) Profesionalitas guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di MA Al Ikhlas Jatinegara Tegal. (2) Upaya guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar Al-Qur’an Hadits di MA Al Ikhlas Jatinegara Tegal. (3) Peran profesionalitas guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar Al-Qur’an Hadits di MA Al Ikhlas Jatinegara Tegal.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis deskriptif kualitatif, sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah guru mata pelajaran AlQur’an Hadis, kepala MA Al Ikhlas Jatinegara Tegal dan siswa kelas X, dan analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi data.
Hasil: Bahwa dengan dikembangkannya Bahan Ajar Al-Qur’an Hadis dapat meningkatkan kualitas belajar siswa dan dapat menyampaikan materi dengan baik dan terstruktur. Sehingga siswa mudah mencerna materi yang disampaikan guru dan dapat mempelajarinya dengan semaksimal mungkin. Suasana seperti ini dapat meningkatkan mutu belajar dan kualitas belajar siswa, sehingga dapat memperoleh hasil yang lebih memuaskan.
Kesimpulan: tuntutan profesionalisme guru menjadi penting dalam menjalankan aktivitas pembelajaran. Oleh karena dalam peningkatan pengembangan pembelajaran Al Quran Hadits ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas  dan mutu belajar siswa.
Manajemen Pengembangan Kemampuan Bahasa Arab pada Madrasah
Authors: Mubiina Munief M. Fathan , Ayu Kamila Cahya , Abdul Firman Rangga
Published: September 2021

Latar Belakang: Manajemen pembelajaran bahasa arab  perlu diperhatikan secermat mungkin agar proses belajar mengajar bahasa arab dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan kondusif.  Pembelajaran bahasa arab  ditinjau dari salah satu unsur manajemen pendidikan yaitu dorongan atau arahan.
Tujuan: Merancang pembelajaran yang aktif, kreatif dan menyenangkan di dalam kelas.
Metode: Menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk memahami, mencari makna di balik data, menemukan kebenaran, baik kebenaran empiris sensual, empiris logis, maupun empiris etis.
Hasil: Peranan guru memiliki landasan dan tahap-tahap dalam manajemen pengembangan kemampuan berbahasa arab .  Guru mengambil peran dan model sebagai pemberi arahan dan dukungan bagi siswa dalam belajar bahasa arab , diantaranya guru sebagai motivator, gaya mengajar guru dan gaya kepemimpinan guru di kelas.
Kesimpulan: Bahasa menjadi suatu isyarat bagi kaum, budaya, serta agama. Bahasa tidak akan pernah bisa dipisahkan dalam suatu keilmuan, karya-karya sehingga akan terbilang tidak sempurna apabila 2 hal tersebut terpisahkan. Pembelajaran bahasa haruslah mulai dari tingkat madrasah sehingga memudahkan peserta didik dalam mengkaji ilmu-ilmu agama pada tingkat yang lebih tinggi.
Economic Evaluation of FebriDx®: A Novel Rapid, Point-of-Care Test for Differentiation of Viral versus Bacterial Acute Respiratory Infection in the United States
Authors: Dick Katherine , Schneider John
Published: September 2021

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are commonly treated with antibiotics in outpatient settings, but many infections are caused by viruses and antibiotic treatment is therefore inappropriate. FebriDx®, a rapid point-of-care test that can differentiate viral from bacterial infections, can inform antibiotic treatment decisions.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to conduct a literature-based US economic evaluation of a novel rapid point-of-care test, FebriDx®, that simultaneously measures two key infection biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and\ Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), to accurately differentiate viral from bacterial infection.

Methods: A budget impact model was developed based on a review of published literature on antibiotic prescribing for ARIs in the United States. The model considers the cost of antibiotic treatment, antibiotic resistant infections, antibiotic-related adverse events, and point-of-care testing. These costs were extrapolated to estimate savings on a national level.

Results: The expected national cost to treat ARIs under standard of care was US $8.25 billion, whereas the expected national cost of FebriDx point-of-care-guided ARI treatment was US $5.74 billion. Therefore, the expected national savings associated with FebriDx® rapid point-of-care testing was US $2.51 billion annually.

Conclusions: FebriDx, a point of care test that can reliably aid in the differentiation of viral and bacterial infections, can reduce antibiotic misuse and, therefore, antibiotic resistant infections. This results in significant cost savings, driven primarily by the reduction in antibiotic resistant infections.
Assessing the effect of cadmium and Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract on the organ gravimetry and lipid profile of the liver and serum of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Ogunbiyi Oluwagbenga , Iyare Harrison , Apata Joseph
Published: September 2021

Toxicity of cadmium to all lives especially the aquatic life cannot be quantified due to their deleterious effect usually caused as a result of their incessant and uncontrollable discharged into the aquatic environment. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of cadmium and Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyx Extract on the Organ Gravimetry and Lipid Profile of the Liver and Serum of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Forty juvenile catfish were divided into four groups containing ten fish with average weight 170 ± 2kg per group [Group A, Control (–HSCE – Cd), Group B (+HSCE), Group C (+Cd) and Group D (+HSCE + Cd)]. Group B and D were administered a daily dose of 40ml/kg body weight of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts (HSCE) (0.25%v/v) for 14 days while groups C and D were exposed to the same dose containing 0.3 mg of Cd/L daily for 14 days. The result shows that there was significant decrease (p<0.05) in the liver total- and LDL- cholesterol of fish exposed to HSCE and HSCE + Cd treated groups when compared to control and cadmium treated group. The triglycerides concentration of liver and serum was significantly increased (p<0.05) in fish exposed to cadmium when compared to the control and HSCE + Cd treated group respectively. SOD activity was significantly increase (p<0.05) in the serum of catfish exposed to Cd when compared to control. However, the liver-body weight ratio was significantly decreased in Cd and Cd + HSCE treated groups relative to the control. It is evident from the result obtained in this study that HSCE has protective effect against cadmium intoxicated fish (Clarias gariepinus).
IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF DOMINANT BACTERIA IN TRADITIONAL ISFAHAN CHEESE AND DETERMINATION IF EFFECTIVE COMPOUNDS IN FLAVOR
Authors: Karbasiun Farahnaz , Nayeri Hashem , Mehrabian Sedigheh , Mirmoghtadayi Mehrnoosh
Published: September 2021

Cheese production by native starter cultures instead of commercial ones is beneficial in respect of higher quality, nutrient content, immunogenicity and having beneficial microorganism. The objective of the presented study was molecular identifying of microorganism and exploring its active ingredients in native cheese.
MRS and M17 media were used to culture bacteria in 15, 37 and 45°c for 24, 48 and 72 hours and then morphologic and biochemical tests were used to identifying the species. Predominant species were detected using 16S rRNA and gene sequencing. Active ingredients and fatty acid profile was studied by GC lactobacili, lactococci and enterococci were identified as the predominant bacteria. Acid palmitic had the highest concentration among the saturated fatty acid, with 42.47%, and acid meristic and acid lauric acid were next with the 13.22% and 3.9% concentration respectively, among the unsaturated fatty acids.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF MICROBIAL GROWTH IN VACUUM-PACKAGED AND REFRIGERATED FRESH COW MEAT
Authors: Ogidi Odangowei , Tobia Pere-Ere S. , Ayebabogha Mike N. , Sunny Ayebatitari P.
Published: September 2021

Fresh meat is a highly perishable product due to its biological composition. This study examined the effect of different storage time (24, 48, 72 hours), gaseous permeability of packaging film (Aluminum foil and Polyethylene) on the growth of microorganisms (Bacteria and fungi) isolated from the refrigerated cow meat at constant temperature of 0°C. Microbial growth was modeled using Gompertz and Linear Regression Models. The bacteria count was observed to decrease as the storage time increases. While fungi count was observed to increase with increasing storage time. Aluminum foil packaged cow meat samples recorded lower microbial growth when compared to polyethylene packaged samples. In Gompertz model, the specific growth rate (μ) of the test organisms was observed to increase significantly upon a shift of storage time. The transition from 24 hours to 48 hours resulted in large changes in the growth profile with increased maximum population density (MPD) of the test organisms. However, lag phase of approximately two hours for bacteria and five hours for fungi was observed. An increase of storage time from 48 hours to 72 hours, an accelerated μ, higher MPD with reduced lag phase duration (LPD) was observed. In the linear regression model, the  coefficient of determination (R2) values for aluminum foil packaged samples was 0.3 and polyethylene packaged samples was 0.1. Therefore, it can be concluded that varying storage time at constant temperature; μ and MPD of the test organisms significantly increased with decreasing LPD of both studied vacuum packaging films of the refrigerated fresh cow meat.
Quantitative Analysis of Knee Radiography
Authors: Kanthavel R. , Dhaya R.
Published: September 2021

The most common orthopedic illness in the worldwide, osteoarthritis (OA), affects mainly hand, hip, and knee joints. OA invariably leads to surgical intervention, which is a huge burden on both the individual and the society. There are numerous risk factors that contribute to OA, although the pathogenesis of OA and the molecular basis of through such are unknown at this time. OA is presently identified with an analyses were used to examine and, if required, corroborated through imaging - a radiography study. These traditional methods, on the other hand, are not susceptible to sense the beginning phases of OA, making the creation of precautionary interventions for specific disease problematic. As a result, other approaches which might permit for the timely identification of OA are needed. As a result, computerized perception algorithms give measurable indicators that may be used to determine the severity of OA from photographs in an automated and systematic manner. The study of Knee radiography and its quantitative analysis is analyzed in this paper.
Modern concepts of the role of transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily (TRPV) in development osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma patients (review)
Authors: Kotova O. O.
Published: September 2021

Introduction.Airway hyperresponsiveness to osmotic stimuli is often found among patients with asthma. It is assumed that the transient receptor potential channels of vanilloid subfamily (TRPV) may play a key role in the onset of this phenomenon.

Aim.Review of modern world literature data on osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness and the role of TRPV channels in its development.

Materials and methods. This review summarizes the data from articles published over the past five years found in PubMed and Google Scholar. However, earlier publications were also included if necessary.

Results.The influence of natural osmotic triggers on the formation of bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma has been demonstrated. The effects that occur in the airways, depending on the functional state of TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV4 osmosensitive receptors are described, and the mechanisms that mediate the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness with the participation of these channels are partially disclosed.

Conclusion. It is safe to assume that TRPV channels are directly or indirectly associated with airway hyperresponsiveness to osmotic stimuli. Signaling cascades triggered by TRPV activation largely explain the effects of osmotic influence on the airways and the occurrence of bronchoconstriction. It could be suggested that TRPV1 signaling mediates the development of bronchospasm to hyperosmolar stimuli, while TRPV2 and TRPV4 are most likely involved in hypoosmotic-induced bronchoconstriction. Further study of the role of TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV4 in osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness is relevant and promising in terms of pharmacological management of this condition.
PENGARUH METODE ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN RESOLUSI KONFLIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sinta Sinta Maria Dewi
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Metode Role Playing terhadap Pembelajaran Resolusi Konflik di Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah metode kuasi eksperimen. Pengumpulan data melalui pretest dan posttes. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data rata-rata pretest kelas eksperimen sebesar 49,4 dan kelas kontrol sebesar 48,25. Setelah diberikan perlakuan dan melakukan postest bahwa hasil eksperimen sebesar 68,1 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 54,75. Perhitungan hipotesis dengan menggunakan Uji-t yakni Uji paired sampel T test dan diperoleh pada taraf signifikan 0.05 menunjukan bahwa nilai probabilitas (signifikansi) adalah 0.00. karena nilai signifikansi, maka Ho di tolak. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Role Playing  berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan resolusi konflik siswa kelas V SDN Anggadita V.Dari hasil penelitian ini peneliti berharap dapat memberikan kontribusi dan manfaat bagi semua pihak-pihak yang terkait, terutama pihak sekolah dalam rangka memberikan pembelajaran resolusi konflik kepada anak sekolah dasar sehingga siswa memiliki keterampilan dalam memecahkan masalah sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan sehari-hari dan masa depannya.
Efecto escolar y niveles de logro en matemáticas, comunicación y lenguaje en graduandos de nivel diversificado en 2018 de la ciudad Guatemala
Authors: González-Aguilar Donald W. , Muñoz-Alonzo Hector M. , Sojuel Daniel E. , Ponce-Ponce Miriam E.
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la asociación entre efecto escolar y nivel de logro en matemáticas, comunicación y lenguaje en graduandos de nivel diversificado 2018 de la ciudad Guatemala. El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo, no experimental, de corte transversal y alcance predictivo, utilizando como técnica de análisis la regresión logística binomial. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos de 233 graduandos de tres instituciones; a partir de las mediciones realizadas por la Escuela de Ciencias Psicológicas y el Ministerio de Educación. La edad media fue 17.34 (DS = 0.91), de 140 hombres y 93 mujeres. La razón de probabilidad para logro en matemática es de 10.62 (IC 95% 3.19 - 35.33); teniendo una varianza explicada de 15.60% (Nagelkerke ), y para comunicación y lenguaje, 4.643 (IC 95% 2.47 - 8.712); con una varianza explicada de 13.70% (Nagelkerke ); ambos modelos son significativos (p < .05). Los resultados muestran que es posible estimar el efecto escolar, es decir, la asociación positiva de asistir a una escuela específica y el logro. Por lo tanto, cuando se tienen mejores condiciones en el establecimiento educativo hay probabilidad de aumento en Odds ratio de alcanzar el logro en la evaluación de graduandos del Ministerio de educación de Guatemala.
Determination of Aristolochic Acid Using Isocratic RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Ang Li Pei , Yen Loong Lean , Kalusalingam Anandarajagopal , Khan Abdullah , Kotra Vijay , Rahman Sarker Md. Moklesur , Liew Kai Bin , Long Chiau Ming
Published: September 2021

Aristolochic acid (AA) is an abundant chemical substance commonly present in the genus, Aristolochia. In term of stereoisomerism, Aristolochic acid I (AA-I) is known to cause nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Therefore, the determination of AA-I in the herbal products is imperative to avoid the unwanted adverse drug reaction. Hence, this study was undertaken to develop a low cost isocratic HPLC method to detect AA-I and AA-II in two selected products. RP-HPLC instrument (Cyberlab LC-100) equipped with photo-diode-array UV detector with Capcell Pak C18 - column (5μm, 25 x 0.46 cm), and a mobile phase, methanol-water (75:25) added with 0.1% glacial acetic acid (pH 4.14) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. at 254 nm was used. The total run time was 10 min. The results indicate that the isocratic RP-HPLC method developed in the present study is a reproducible and precise method with an optimum resolution for the separation of peaks. The presence of AA was determined in three herbal plants, A. debilis, A. fangchi, and A. manshuriensis and two different Chinese herbal products. The HPLC chromatogram of the standard was identified and the retention time of the standards AA-I and AA-II was found at 8.35 min and 7.0 min respectively, also the AA-I was identified in raw herbs, A. debilis, and A. fangchi at 8.4 and 8.5 min. respectively whereas, A. manshuriensis did not show the peak for AA-I. The HPLC analyses of methanol extract of the two selected Chinese herbal products Zhu Ling San and Wu Ling San indicated the absence of AA-I peaks at 8.4 min.
Implementation of Learning Principles in Distance Learning through the WhatsApp Application
Authors: Megayanti Windi
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the implementation of learning principles in distance learning through the WhatsApp chat application. The method used in this research is the ex post facto method. This research was conducted on students of the Economic Education Study Program, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Indraprasta University, PGRI with a sample of 282 students. The results of this study were as many as 81.9% of students stated that they could pay attention to learning well, 52.5% of students felt motivated when participating in learning, 69.5% of students stated that they were able to actively participate in learning, 62.4% of students stated that they felt involved when learning takes place, 84.8% stated that they could re-access the material that had been studied, 49.3% said the given task could accommodate their understanding, and 54.3% stated that the complexity of learning could be solved through learning via WhatsApp. Based on this research, it can be concluded that learning principles such as attention and motivation, activeness, direct involvement, repetition, challenges, and individual differences have been implemented well even though learning is carried out remotely through the WhatsApp chat application. However, teachers seem to need to pay attention to the challenges and individual differences in the implementation of distance learning through WhatsApp. This can be seen from the results of the study that the task given with the aim of accommodating understanding turned out to be the lowest number, not even reaching 50%. This shows that there is a need for other innovations in an effort to accommodate understanding in order to facilitate each individual who has differences in understanding each material given.
Farmers shaping the landscape: how do they influence the form of landscape and land use structure in Czechia?
Authors: Zavadil Tomáš , Jančák Vít
Published: September 2021

In the developed countries the share of agriculture in employment and economy is small, but a large proportion of land is used for agricultural purposes. Therefore, farmers have a significant influence on the form of landscape and land use. The goal of this article is to explain how the landscape form and land-use structure in Czechia are influenced by the farmers’ decisions. In the article mainly qualitative data were used. The analysis is based on the results of fifteen semi-structured interviews with farmers in the model area. The results of the study showed that farmers in Czechia have a significant influence on the landscape form and land-use structure, whereas these decisions mainly depend on their motivation to farm in a specific form. The results also showed that social capital doesn’t have any direct influence on the landscape form and land-use structure in Czechia.
Modeling damaged precast structural system when its robustness check
Authors: TUR Viktar , TUR Andrei , LIZAHUB Aliaksandr
Published: September 2021

Within the framework of traditional approaches to checking for resistance of reinforced concrete buildings and structures to the progressive collapse development, membrane (chain) forces in a damaged structural system are calculated separately, without considering its non-linear bending behavior during the formation of the plastic hinges and without checking the possibility of achieving large deflections.The authors propose an approach to modelling a nonlinear quasi-static reaction of a damaged structural system in an accidental design situation. This approach considers non-linear bending and the resistance of reserved horizontal ties, considering their ultimate ductility. The authors verified the proposed approach based on the results of experimental studies by others researchers.An example of the application of the proposed approach in assessing the robustness of a structural system made of precast concrete with a sudden removal of the central column is considered. In accordance with the provisions of the energy approach, an analysis is made of the contribution of individual resistance mechanisms to the total quasi-static and dynamic resistance of the damaged structural system.We show that the proposed calculation model adequately describes the behavior of a damaged structural system in an accidental design situation, and therefore to carry out parametric studies and check the robustness of building structures.
Construction of Brauer-Severi Varieties
Authors: Lorenzo García Elisa
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we give an algorithm for computing equations of Brauer-Severi varieties over fields of characteristic 0. As an example, we show the equations of all Brauer-Severi surfaces defined over Q.
Serum profiles of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites in psoriasis
Authors: Seishima Mariko , Yamamoto Yasuko , Sakurai Masashi , Sakai Rika , Fujii Kento , Mizutani Yoko , Saito Kuniaki
Published: September 2021

Aim:
Chronic inflammation is closely associated with tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway. However, TRP-KYN pathway has not been fully elucidated in psoriasis, a systemic inflammatory disease with skin lesions and extracutaneous manifestations. Herein, we studied comprehensively serum profiles of TRP-KYN pathway metabolites in psoriatic patients (PSOs) to clarify the involvement of this pathway in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and to evaluate serum biomarkers reflecting systemic inflammation in PSOs.
Methods:
The concentrations of main TRP metabolites, TRP, KYN, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA), and anthranilic acid (AA), were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in the sera from 65 PSOs and 35 healthy controls (HCs). The levels of these metabolites and the ratios of metabolites were compared between these subjects. The correlations between these values and the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scores were analyzed. Skin samples from PSOs and HCs were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for kynureninase. Cytokine concentrations were comprehensively measured in the same samples and the correlations between the cytokine levels and TRP-KYN pathway metabolite levels were examined.
Results:
Serum TRP, KYN, and KYNA concentrations were lower and the 3HAA concentrations were higher in PSOs than in HCs. The ratios of 3HK/KYN, 3HAA/3HK, and 3HK/AA were higher in PSOs than in HCs. The AA levels and the ratio of AA/KYN were weakly positively correlated, and TRP, KYNA, and 3HK levels and the ratios of KYNA/KYN and 3HAA/AA were weakly negatively correlated with the PASI scores. The AA, KYN, and KYNA levels were positively correlated with the interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) concentrations. Kynureninase expression was enhanced in the epidermis, both involved and uninvolved skin.
Conclusions:
Serum profiles of TRP-KYN pathway metabolites differed between PSOs and HCs. TRP-KYN pathway-associated processes, including kynureninase activation, may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and thus serve as targets for psoriasis therapy.
An Effective Algorithm for the Synthesis of Irreducible Polynomials over a Galois Fields of Arbitrary Characteristics
Authors: Beletsky Anatoly
Published: September 2021

The known algorithms for synthesizing irreducible polynomials have a significant drawback: their computational complexity, as a rule, exceeds the quadratic one. Moreover, consequently, as a consequence, the construction of large-degree polynomials can be implemented only on computing systems with very high performance. The proposed algorithm is base on the use of so-called fiducial grids (ladders). At each rung of the ladder, simple recurrent modular computations are performers. The purpose of the calculations is to test the irreducibility of polynomials over Galois fields of arbitrary characteristics. The number of testing steps coincides with the degree of the synthesized polynomials. Upon completion of testing, the polynomial is classifieds as either irreducible or composite. If the degree of the synthesized polynomials is small (no more than two dozen), the formation of a set of tested polynomials is carried out using the exhaustive search method. For large values of the degree, the test polynomials are generating by statistical modeling. The developed algorithm allows one to synthesize binary irreducible polynomials up to 2Kbit on personal computers of average performance
On Approximation of the Panjer Distribution by the Poisson and Binomial Distributions
Authors: Sahatsathatsana Chanokgan , Sahatsathatsana Sattra
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to approximate the panjer distribution by the poisson and binomial distributions, where each bound is obtained by using the z-function and the Stein-Chen identity. For these bounds, it is indicated that a result of each of the Poisson and Binomial approximations yields a good approximation if both α and λ are small.
The New Model of Carcinogenic Activity of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Mukhomorov Vladimir K.
Published: September 2021

A model is proposed that allows one to interpret the carcinogenic properties of polycyclic chemical compounds. Electronic, informational and structural molecular factors that characterize the molecule as a whole are proposed as explanatory variables. The factors limiting the carcinogenic activity of polycyclic compounds are analyzed. The model fully interprets all observable data that were used to support previous early models
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepuasan Pelanggan di Indomaret Hayam Wuruk Purwodadi
Authors: Nurrofi Akhmad
Published: September 2021

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of company image, price perception and service quality on consumer satisfaction, case study at Indomaret Minimarket Jl. Hayam Wuruk Purwodadi. Data collection is done through distributing questionnaires to 115 consumers. Data analysis in this study using SPSS version 21. The sampling technique used is the census method and the data testing techniques used in this study include the validity test with factor analysis, test reliability with Cronbach Alpha. Classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression analysis, to test and prove the research hypothesis. The results of the analysis show that the first equation is Y = 0.254X1 + 0.029X2 + 0.551X3 which means the variable company image, service quality has a positive effect on the variable customer satisfaction, while the price perception does not affect consumer satisfaction.
Semantic diversity is best measured with unscaled vectors: Reply to Cevoli, Watkins and Rastle (2020)
Authors: Hoffman Paul , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. , Rogers Timothy T.
Published: September 2021

Semantic diversity refers to the degree of semantic variability in the contexts in which a particular word is used. We have previously proposed a method for measuring semantic diversity based on latent semantic analysis (LSA). In a recent paper, Cevoli et al. (2020) attempted to replicate our method and obtained different semantic diversity values. They suggested that this discrepancy occurred because they scaled their LSA vectors by their singular values, while we did not. Using their new results, they argued that semantic diversity is not related to ambiguity in word meaning, as we originally proposed. In this reply, we demonstrate that the use of unscaled vectors provides better fits to human semantic judgements than scaled ones. Thus we argue that our original semantic diversity measure should be preferred over the Cevoli et al. version. We replicate Cevoli et al.’s analysis using the original semantic diversity measure and find (a) our original measure is a better predictor of word recognition latencies than the Cevoli et al. equivalent and (b) that, unlike Cevoli et al.’s measure, our semantic diversity is reliably associated with a measure of polysemy based on dictionary definitions. We conclude that the Hoffman et al. semantic diversity measure is better-suited to capturing the contextual variability among words and that words appearing in a more diverse set of contexts have more variable semantic representations. However, we found that homonyms did not have higher semantic diversity values than non-homonyms, suggesting that the measure does not capture this special case of ambiguity.
Yapay Zekâ ve Medya
Authors: YAVER Merve Simay
Published: September 2021

Merve Simay Yaver tarafından kaleme alının bu yazıda Ferhat Zengin ve Bahadır Kapır'ın editörlüğü yaptığı Yapay Zekâ ve Medya isimli kitabın değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır....Bu yazının konusunu oluşturan “Yapay Zekâ ve Medya” adlı editörlü kitap çalışması da bu perspektif doğrultusunda iletişim bilimleri çatısı altında yapay zekânın medya ve toplum üzerindeki etkisini ortaya çıkarmak amacı ile hazırlanmış bir eserdir. Ferhat Zengin ve Bahadır Kapır editörlüğünde hazırlanan bu eserde günümüz dijital toplumunun ve bu toplumun medyasının yapay zekâ teknolojisi çerçevesinde yaşadığı\yaşayacağı değişim ve dönüşümler, medya, toplum, sinema, reklam, sanat, kültür ve gazetecilik alanları özelinde akademik düzeyde yazılmış 15 makaleden oluşmaktadır. Yazarlar değişimin kenarındaki geleceğin medyasını anlama yolculuğuna çıkmışlardır...
Boundary Layer Flow of Dusty Nanofluid over Stretching Sheet with Partial Slip Effects
Authors: Nurul Aisyah Johan  , Syahira Mansur
Published: September 2021

In this work, the effect of dust particles and slips towards boundary layer flow of dusty nanofluid was investigated over the stretching horizontal sheet. Three type of nanoparticles; copper (Cu), aluminium oxide ( ) and titania ( ) were studied. The governing equations of flow and heat transfer were transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation. Next, these equations were solved numerically by using the boundary value problem solver, bvp4c program of Matlab software. The effects of non-governing parameters including volume fraction of dust particles, volume fraction of nanoparticles, velocity slip parameter, and thermal slip parameter were computed, analysed, and discussed. Lastly, a comparison of present study with existing literature was performed and achieved excellent agreement. It is found that nanoparticles act as good thermal conductivity. Besides that, and show significant effect on velocity of fluid and dust phase.