bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELIABILITY OF CORRODED STIFFENED PLATE SUBJECTED TO UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE LOADING
Authors: Woloszyk K , Garbatov Y
Published: December 2021

The work is focused on the reliability of corroded stiffened plates subjected to compressive uniaxial load based on the progressive collapse approach as stipulated by the Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers, employing the limit state design. Two different cases have been investigated. In the first model, the corrosion degradation led to uniform thickness loss, whereas the mechanical properties were unchanged, as given in the Rules. In the second model, the plate thickness degradation was followed by mechanical properties reduction. The uncertainties related to the mechanical properties, thicknesses, and initial imperfections of the corroded stiffened plate were taken into account. Several initial design solutions of stiffened plates, as well as different severity levels of corrosion degradation were investigated. The results show that structural reliability significantly decreases with corrosion development, especially when in addition to the initial imperfections and corrosion plate thickness reduction, corroded plate surface roughness and the changes in the mechanical properties were considered. The uncertainties, their origins and confidence levels are discussed. It was found that non-linear time-dependent corrosion degradation accounting not only for the thickness reduction due to corrosion wastage but also the subsequent decrease of mechanical properties lead to a significant reduction in the reliability index. Additionally, it was defined that the reliability estimate is very sensitive to the uncertainties related to the initial thickness and the spread of corrosion degradation as a function of the time. Incorporating the probability of corrosion detection into the original reliability model introduces additional information about the validity of structural degradation that may lead to a higher beta reliability index estimate compared to the original model.
THE LOADS ON YACHT ANCHOR CABLES
Authors: Klaka K
Published: December 2021

The loads exerted on an all-chain anchor cable of a 10m yacht were measured during full scale trials in sheltered waters and steady wind. The peak recorded load was found to decrease significantly with increasing scope ratio, whereas the mean load was only weakly affected by scope ratio. The trials results were used to calculate the depth of water in which the pull at the anchor just remains horizontal for a range of wind speeds and cable lengths. The resulting relationship between maximum water depth and cable length is approximately quadratic. The required scope ratio for a given water depth increases with increasing windspeed. The required scope ratio for a given windspeed decreases with increasing depth.
Processo de esportivização da Natação: tempo, espaço e burocratização em competições no litoral de Fortaleza (décadas de 1920-1940)
Authors: Montenegro Nara Romero
Published: December 2021

A natação, como modalidade esportiva, foi precedida por práticas como banhos de mar e o nado. Embora locomover-se na água foi uma atividade que permeou inúmeras sociedades em diversos tempos históricos, a natação como prática competitiva, institucionalizada, burocratizada é uma invenção dos tempos modernos. Para Nobert Elias (1992) o processo de esportivização caracteriza-se pela passagem dos diversos jogos e atividades em esportes modernos, regulamentados por regras universais e escritas, e sustentados por aparatos burocráticos e institucionais. No contexto brasileiro, mais especificamente no litoral da cidade de Fortaleza, a natação modalidade esportiva refinada por uma técnica e com intuito competitivo, viveu importante parte do processo de esportivização na primeira metade do século XX. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar esse processo na natação do contexto do litoral cearense entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940, evidenciando as manifestações nesse sentido, os agentes e grupos sociais envolvidos, bem como aspectos relativos à institucionalização do espaço litorâneo e a burocratização e racionalização da prática da natação no mar. Como fontes foram mobilizados periódicos que circulavam na imprensa do período e exerciam função essencial na dinâmica e desenvolvimento da prática esportiva da natação.
Performance Analysis of ZigBeePRO Network Using the Shortest Path Algorithm for Distributed Renewable Generation
Authors: Islam Syed Zahurul , Othman Mohammad Lutfi , Islam Syed Zahidul
Published: December 2021

The communication requirement for integrating Distributed Renewable Generation (DRG) into Smart Grid (SG) is not strict, where the reliability and critical demand of data delivery are compromised due to the low-data rate and power of ZigBee. However, the presence of various dielectric constant materials in the DRG can cause transmission impairments of the electromagnetic wave. In this paper, we have analysed the performance of the ZigBeePRO network by applying the shortest path algorithm while delivering energy data from the solar DRG to the SG. The DRG architecture is created by considering a real test-bed of 35 kW solar DRG at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The numbers of nodes are calculated from specifications of the ZigBeePRO enabled Waspmote embedded board, inverters, and electrical parameters of a Photovoltaic (PV) module. The results of the obtained propagation path loss model indicate that the Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) polarizations are proportional to the loss of the propagation path at different incident angles (α); however, an exception is observed for the TM polarization at α = 55 o. Due to this polarization effect, the brick-built type cabin at the DRG site is a consequence of a higher propagation path loss than the Iron (III)-made cabin. The other performance parameters, including network throughput, data loss, and ZigBeePRO collision, are also evaluated.
Application of a Task Stalling Buffer in Distributed Hybrid Cloud Computing
Authors: Jurgelevicius Albertas , Sakalauskas Leonidas , Marcinkevicius Virginijus
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research is to create a hybrid cloud platform that performs distributed computing tasks using high-performance servers and volunteer computing resources. The proposed platform uses a new task scheduling method, which is also presented in this paper. It uses a task stalling buffer to manage workload among the two grids without any additional information about the tasks. Since efficient task scheduling in these distributed systems is the actual problem, the system reliability issue is solved using a hybrid cloud architecture when both high-performance servers and volunteer computing resources are combined. The results of the experiment showed that the proposed solution solves the problem of balancing workload between two grids better than the standard scheduling algorithm. Computer study and experiments also showed that the proposed hybrid cloud tasks scheduling method with a task stalling buffer reduces up to 47.3 % of total task execution time. The outcome of this paper provides a background for future research on a task stalling buffer in hybrid cloud computing.
Piscivorous Bird Deterrent Device Based on a Direct Digital Synthesis of Acoustic Signals
Authors: Aboltins Arturs , Pikulins Dmitrijs , Grizans Juris , Tjukovs Sergejs
Published: December 2021

This paper addresses the development of an acoustic deterrent device for the protection of fishponds and other objects against the unwanted presence of birds. The objective of the paper is not only providing of a deep analysis of available technologies for waveform synthesis and generation, but also building a theoretical base for the design and implementation of acoustic bird deterrent solutions. The paper addresses the synthesis of bird songs and calls using technologies for music, speech, and other types of acoustic signal processing. The second part of the paper is devoted to the unique algorithms and implementation details of the intelligent acoustic deterrence device prototype. The practical applicability of algorithms for bird call record conversion into synthesizer sequences has been analysed and possible issues are highlighted. The effectiveness and ease of practical implementation of the given method in the hardware are briefly discussed.
Control of the Automatic Voltage Regulator System with a Novel Stability-based Artificial Intelligence Method
Authors: Tabakh Rahma , Tiryaki Hasan
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a novel Stability-Based Artificial Intelligence Method for predicting the optimum parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative controller in an automatic voltage regulator system. To implement the stability-based artificial intelligence method, first, parameters which are of great importance for the control of the system are applied to the system randomly, data are collected, and then artificial intelligence studies are carried out. The suggested approach has been applied to the system and compared with other control methods in the literature, namely the improved Kidney Inspired algorithm, Jaya algorithm, Tree Seed algorithm, Water Wave Optimization, and Biography-Based Optimization to test the robustness of the new method. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method significantly outperforms all other methods.
Grundlagen der Eingruppierung TVöD und TVL
Authors: Richter Achim , Gamisch Annett , Mohr Thomas
Published: December 2021

Korrekte Eingruppierung

Die erwartete Revolution des Eingruppierungsrechts blieb aus, somit gelten die Entgeltordnungen zum TVöDVKA, TVöDBund und TVL weitgehend unverändert fort.

Der Fachratgeber Grundlagen der Eingruppierung TVöD und TVL stellt die Eingruppierungsgrundlagen übersichtlich zusammen und erklärt verständlich:

Aktuelle Regeln der Eingruppierung

Korrekte Bildung von Arbeitsvorgängen

Schnittstellen zwischen TVöDVKA, TVöDBund und TVL

Mitbestimmungsrechte der Arbeitnehmervertretung
Surface Modification of Titanium Orthodontic Implants
Authors: Rampurawala Abdulqadir , Patil Amol
Published: December 2021

Orthodontic miniscrews have had a considerable impact on modern orthodontic treatment, not only by providing a new source of anchors for anchorage-demanding cases, but also for force management and control. Whilst miniscrews need to be mechanically stable during treatment to provide sufficient anchorage and predictable force control, as temporary anchorage devices they need also be easy to remove after orthodontic treatment. These requirements differentiate orthodontic miniscrews from dental implants - which once placed, are not to be removed - and dictate the approach as to how their clinical performance can be optimized. Over the past decade, various titanium surface modifications and improvements in implant surface topography have shown to enhance osseointegration of endosseous dental implants. Some of these techniques have helped provide a similar enhancement of the biomechanical potential of orthodontic miniscrews as well. In this perspective, we present a brief discussion on all such reported techniques followed by a detailed account of the most recently proposed ultraviolet photofunctionalization technique - a novel chair-side surface modification method.
Bionanomaterials: Advancements in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Chhabra Priyanka , Bhati Kajol
Published: December 2021

Abnormal wound healing represents a major healthcare issue owing to upsurge number of trauma and morbid physiology which ultimately posed a healthcare burden on patient, society and health care organization. A wound healing is a complex process so effective management of chronic wounds is often hard. Recently in addition to many conventional wound treatment’s advances in bionanomaterial are attaining much attention in wound care and skin tissue engineering. Bionanomaterials are biomolecule-based nanocomposite synthesized by plants, microbes and animals which possess high degree of biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and bioactive assets. Bioactive assets like antimicrobial, immune modulatory, cell proliferation and angiogenesis of biomolecules forms fortunate microenvironment for the wound healing process. Nature has provided us with a significant set of biomolecules like chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, cellulose, silk fucoidan etc. have been exploited to construct engineered bionanomaterials. These biopolymeric nanomaterials are currently researched comprehensively as they have higher surface to volume ratio and high chemical affinity showing a promising augmentation of deadly wounds. In this chapter we aimed to highlight the biological sources and bioengineering approaches adapted for biopolymers so they facilitate wound healing process.
An exploration of attitudes towards spiritual care for the recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Marshall Georgia Catherine
Published: December 2021

Spiritual-based care has been increasingly explored and investigated for its effectiveness in assisting the recovery from mental illness, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the United States of America (Harris et al., 2018). Although research studies have attempted to explore attitudes towards spiritual care and the effectiveness of spiritual-based care for PTSD, few have explored attitudes regarding spiritual care for recovery from PTSD, especially from Undergraduate Allied Health students. This paper explores the attitudes towards spiritual care for the recovery from PTSD, from Undergraduate Allied Health students. The study adopted an interpretivist approach that deployed qualitative methods. The data collection method used for the study was semi-structured interviews. In total, four participants participated in the interviews, and reflexive thematic analysis was utilised to examine the datasets from the interviews. The research revealed that the majority of participants had negative opinions regarding traditional medical treatment for PTSD and mental illness recovery. This led to the identification of barriers, such as stigma and cultural barriers, for seeking treatment for mental illness. The participants expressed positive opinions regarding spiritual care for assisting PTSD recovery, with the recommendation that religious and spiritual needs must be assessed before the allocation of spiritual-based care to prevent any conflict with patients’ religious or cultural beliefs.  
Portrayals of gender and identity in the soundtrack of The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt
Authors: Eckersley Cerys Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (CD Projekt Red, 2019) is an award-winning role-playing video game (RPG); the third instalment of The Witcher game series inspired by Polish author Andrzej Sapkowski’s fantasy novels. Centring upon the protagonist Geralt of Rivia, The Witcher 3 has been praised for developing a complex, authentic, and immersive game environment that combines magic and fantasy elements within a broadly medieval setting. A central aspect of the game’s success is its soundtrack – the fusion of music, sound, and voice – which further contributes to building the game’s overall narrative and the complex construction of its central characters. This paper explores how The Witcher 3’s soundtrack constructs identity, focusing in particular on its use of neo-medievalist signifiers and its contrasting representations of masculinity and femininity. Neo-medievalist sounds are a central concept in building the game’s identity; these sounds draw on folkloristic elements surrounding the choice of instrumentation and the recurrence of folk music throughout the game’s narrative, thus increasing the player’s immersion within The Witcher 3’s world. Regarding gender, female vocalisations are used within the soundtrack to add depth and emotion to male characters – particularly Geralt of Rivia, who due to his mutations lacks in conventional emotional capabilities. Despite the inclusion and emphasis of female voices on the soundtrack, the placement of women in influential roles is limited through other musical scoring techniques, which effectively reduces the agency of these characters, thus suggesting an imbalanced treatment oftowards gender. Through exploring these aspects, I argue that the soundtrack is a crucial part of how gender and identity are constructed throughout The Witcher 3, further exploring how these elements affect the player’s overall in-game immersion.  
The ‘golden hoof’: The regeneration of regional wools
Authors: Knapp Louisa
Published: December 2021

There is a myriad of benefits to native and rare breed sheep wool. Making better use of it in innovative products, could position it as the sustainable fibre to champion in the future as we look more inwardly for green solutions in British manufacturing. The relevance of these breeds for a more sustainable future is an issue that divides many in the farming, agricultural and manufacturing communities. This evolving body of work set out to discover the positive impact these breeds could have on both regional economy as well as wider ecology. The key findings showed flaws in British Wool’s homogenised sorting practices, a disconnection between farm and factory with breeders struggling to find that ‘middleman’ without huge overheads as well as outdated breed information with categories of ‘carpet’ or ‘garment’ being unsatisfactory. The research draws together multiple fields of study including textile manufacturing, sheep husbandry and edaphology. Confirming how, in microcosm, the textiles industry’s drive towards natural solutions could be satisfied by wool’s symbiosis with nature.This article forms part of a wider research project which combined academic and practical textile research, highlighting the innovation and diversity of research achieved and encouraged in the School of Arts and Humanities.
Entre o acaso e a escolha: Reflexões acerca da prática do Viewpoints
Authors: Yazbek Guilherme Meletti
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo, de caráter reflexivo e testemunhal, teve como objetivo o cruzamento de inquietações pessoais do autor — decorrentes de sua experiência enquanto condutor da prática do Viewpoints no contexto do Núcleo Experimental de Artes Cênicas do Sesi, em São Paulo — com questões estéticas manifestadas nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, principalmente em Nova Iorque, bem como com questões conceituais, filosóficas e de ordem prática presentes em O Livro dos Viewpoints: um guia prático para viewpoints e composição, de Anne Bogart e Tina Landau, e Standing in Space: The Six Viewpoints Theory & Practice, de Mary Overlie. Na tessitura das reflexões, atravessaram também pensamentos de autores como Miriam Rinaldi, John Cage e Sally Banes, entre outros.
Ateliê de cenografia: Aprender-ensinar em tempo de pandemia
Authors: Sampaio Andre Sanches
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho reflete sobre questões, inquietações e estratégias de ensino reveladas durante a experiência do ensino emergencial remoto, provocada pela pandemia mundial da COVID-19, no contexto da disciplina Ateliê de Cenografia II, do Departamento de Cenografia da Escola de Teatro da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Em tempos tão desafiadores, a arte, com toda sua potência, possibilitou um movimento dialógico e de construção coletiva fortalecendo vínculos, escuta, criação e invenção.  Afinal, o que podem gestos, muitas vezes mínimos, de atenção às singularidades e diferenças? O que pode uma relação de aprendizagem aberta aos encontros? O que podem os encontros?
A Performance é Corpo, a Crise é do Corpo: Entrevistas com Professores do Ensino Emergencial Remoto
Authors: Villegas Estela Vale
Published: December 2021

Depois de um longo estudo sobre a abordagem da performance na educação, a pandemia coloca em questão não apenas a realização de uma pesquisa ação na escola, mas também e, fundamentalmente, o próprio tema desta pesquisa. Como pensar a educação através do corpo em pandemia? A entrevista foi o dispositivo criado para o necessário enfrentamento e posicionamento desta pesquisa. O dispositivo performance é corpo, a crise é do corpo, serve para lembrar que o corpo não somente une os mais diversos pontos de vista sobre performance, bem como está no centro da crise que vivemos. Este artigo é fruto da decantação das entrevistas com professores do ensino emergencial remoto.
Teatro e tecnologias de presença à distância: invenções, mutações e dinâmicas
Authors: Isaacsson Marta
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo aborda as criações teatrais performativas realizadas em tempo real no ambiente da rede internacional de computadores, problematizando as dinâmicas ali instauradas entre cena e recepção, atores/performers e espectadores. A partir do reconhecimento da natureza dos contratos entre o espectador e a cena promovidos pelas primeiras práticas teatrais associadas às teletecnologias, a reflexão discute as transformações aportadas pela tecnologia digital, destacando a importância de marcadores de visibilidade dos participantes entre si e das possibilidades de interação do espectador com a cena como fatores da instauração do sentimento de experiência coletiva na criação online em tempo real.
DeBanda e seus múltiplos: Lugares, espaços, simultaneidades e concomitâncias
Authors: Lignelli César , Mayer Guilherme
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em discutir facetas que compõem o percurso do espetáculo popular musical DeBanda, visando desvelar aspectos de sua complexidade. Para tal, foram considerados múltiplos relativos a acepções e versões que envolvem a referida experiência estética, as quais contém: memórias das recentes às mais longínquas, lugares, espaços, simultaneidades e concomitâncias.  Percursos etimológicos e denotativos, bem como do imaginário popular, permeiam a primeira seção. A escrita segue com temporadas, formatos, sonoridades, público, transeuntes, traquitanas, tecnologias e a desventura enquanto modus operandi. Estes múltiplos embasam as reflexões que vão do laboratório a sete países nos cinco anos de perambulações de DeBanda.
Aspectos cartográficos das peças Odisseia 116 e BR3
Authors: Lopes Cleilson Queiroz
Published: December 2021

Este artigo é uma análise do processo de escrita da dramaturgia Odisseia 116 a partir de uma viagem que durou seis dias de ida e volta de ônibus entre o Rio de Janeiro e o Ceará. A dramaturgia se estrutura sobre uma tríade: as características autobiográficas; a possibilidade de entrevistar pessoas e fotografar as paisagens em viagem e a Odisseia homérica, obra inspiradora dessa escrita. Uma cartografia surge como metodologia a partir da viagem e se consolida na dramaturgia. Dialogo com entrevistas cedidas por Antônio Araújo e Bernardo Carvalho sobre o espetáculo BR3. Nas considerações finais, aponto para três cartografias possíveis: a cartografia da viagem, a cartografia da dramaturgia e a cartografia da sala de ensaio.
“Porque a Criança Cozinha na Polenta”: Aglaja Veteranyi na adaptação da Cia. Teatral Mungunzá
Authors: Calligaris Juliana Pablos
Published: December 2021

Este artigo buscou observar a adoção de recursos multimodais na construção dramatúrgica de “Porque a Criança Cozinha na Polenta“, dirigido por Nelson Baskerville. Trata-se da adaptação para a teatro do romance autobiográfico de Aglaja Veteranyi, escritora, diretora e atriz romena que fugira para a Europa ocidental com a família durante a ditadura de Nicolae Ceausescu. A partir de análise multimodal, com exemplos comentados por Mondada e Lehmann como a noção de densidade modal e o uso de multimídia no teatro pós dramático, investiguei as escolhas estéticas da encenação. Considerei a importância da recepção como elemento de efetivação da questão fenomenológica, pois a relação com o público é elemento fundante da poética teatral contemporânea.
Pensamento dramatúrgico do atuante no processo de criação
Authors: Scialom Melina
Published: December 2021

Este artigo se debruça sobre a dramaturgia corporal e os mecanismos que propiciam a autonomia criativa do atuante/performer, valorizando o conteúdo somático e afetivo da corporeidade do ator/bailarino enquanto pensamento cênico corporalizado. Através do discurso da dramaturgia na dança de diferentes autores, defende-se que o pensamento cênico do intérprete-criador pode ser visto como uma atitude dramatúrgica no fazer artístico. Provinda de uma pesquisa empírica sobre a preparação corporal do artista da cena, a dramaturgia do performer é exemplificada através da prática de laboratório fundamentada nos Estudos Coreológicos (Preston-Dunlop e Sanchez Colberg, 2010), e de um processo criativo que resultou em uma obra de dança-teatro.
Memórias dissidentes: Nossa Odisseia, de Christiane Jatahy
Authors: Fernandes Sílvia
Published: December 2021

Foram analisados no artigo os espetáculos Ítaca (2018) e O agora que demora (2019), criados pela encenadora Christiane Jatahy. Enquanto teatros performativos, híbridos e políticos transitam entre zonas artísticas, culturais e geográficas de fronteira. No uso de testemunhos de refugiados e na criação de arquivos documentais os dois trabalhos se relacionam a alguns pressupostos definidos por Rebecca Schneider como atos e modos incorporados de memória.
Um relato de amor com Viewpoints: Ensaiando nosso “ensaiar-se”
Authors: Guimarãez Luah
Published: December 2021

Este artigo partilha livremente experiências da pesquisadora que pratica e conduz treinamento com Viewpoints no Estúdio Oito Nova Dança em São Paulo. Seu primeiro contato com Viewpoints foi em 1997 no Fall Studio Session realizado pela SITI Company em Nova York. Observa, na sua abordagem, os princípios, fundamentos e pressupostos desta técnica de improvisação e se aventura a compreender sua importância como experiência para a pedagogia e para a reflexão sobre a formação do artista das Artes da Cena.
Escritos da pandemia: Três breves textos de Anne Bogart sobre Covid-19 e o futuro da direção teatral
Authors: Bogart Anne , Lodi Fabiano
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho reúne três breves textos escritos pela diretora teatral estadunidense Anne Bogart traduzidos pelo diretor teatral e pesquisador brasileiro Fabiano Lodi. Tais textos dizem respeito aos impactos causados pelo fechamento dos teatros e completa paralisação das atividades artísticas devido à pandemia mundial de Covid-19. A autora propõe reflexões sobre os diferentes desafios enfrentados por artistas e público desde que as regras sanitárias para conter o avanço do Coronavírus se intensificaram, a partir de março de 2020. Com isso, Bogart revisita questões éticas, culturais e políticas do passado histórico para imaginar e propor possibilidades de um futuro onde o teatro como a arte do encontro seja novamente possível.
An Actor Prepares e Rabota aktiora nad soboi, Tchast I: Uma comparação entre o Stanislávski inglês e o russo
Authors: Carnicke Sharon Marie , Rodrigues Carvalho Felipe
Published: December 2021

O artigo compara a obra de Konstantin Stanislávski publicada em 1938, Rabota aktiora nad soboi, Tchast I (O trabalho do ator sobre si mesmo, Parte I), com a sua tradução em língua inglesa feita por Elizabeth Reynolds Hapgood e publicada em 1936, An Actor Prepares (Um ator se prepara). A comparação revela importantes diferenças que vão desde o tamanho do texto, o que indica um forte corte editorial, até alterações ou inconstâncias na escolha de determinados termos. Dessa forma, o artigo se debruça sobre as consequências que a tradução em língua inglesa traz para o entendimento do “sistema” no teatro estadunidense, sobretudo no século XX, e como as escolhas feitas pelo conselho editorial e pela tradutora, foram decisivas durante a transmissão e alteração do sentido do texto de Stanislávski e, portanto, de suas ideias.
La Caja Nacional de Ahorros y la banca estatal: un caso exitoso de economía asociativa entre cajas financieras en Chile, c. 1920-1950
Authors: González-Correa Ignacio
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo examina los lazos entre la Caja Nacional de Ahorros y otros bancos estatales como la Caja de Crédito Hipotecario y la Caja de Crédito Agrario entre fines del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX. Los permanentes vínculos financieros, la cooperación operativa y el Consejo Directivo compartido entre las ‘cajas’, explican el éxito y la permanencia en el mercado de las tres firmas estatales. En adición, este trabajo evidencia la relevancia de la Caja Nacional de Ahorros en el mercado del ahorro chileno: en el año 1922 más del 50% de las personas en Santiago y más del 25% de la población del país tenía una libreta de ahorro de la ‘caja de ahorros’, es decir, prácticamente todas las familias del país tenían una cuenta de ahorro en esta institución. La amplia presencia de oficinas de la Caja Nacional de Ahorros en ciudades y localidades donde ningún banco privado tenía sucursales y su sistema de visitas en terreno le permitieron capturar a una gran cantidad de clientes, sobre todo de la clase obrera, la cual estaba dispuesta a ahorrar en el sistema financiero formal. Por último, la trayectoria de estrechas relaciones entre estas empresas es uno de los principales factores que explican por qué estas instituciones fueron fusionadas en 1953 para formar el Banco del Estado de Chile.

This work examines the links among the Caja Nacional de Ahorros (National Savings Bank) and other state-owned banks such as the Caja de Crédito Hipotecario (National Mortgage Bank) and the Caja de Crédito Agrario (Agricultural Credit Bank) from the end of the nineteenth-century to the first half of the twentieth-century. The permanent financial links, the operative cooperation, and the shared Board of Directors among the “cajas” explain the success and permanence in the market of the three state-owned firms. In addition, this work shows the relevance of the Caja Nacional de Ahorros in the Chilean savings market: in 1922 more than 50 percent of the people in Santiago and more than 25 percent of the country’s population had a savings account of the ‘National Savings Bank‘ , that is, practically all the families in the country had a savings account in this institution. The wide presence of offices of the Caja Nacional de Ahorros in cities and towns where no private bank had branches and its system of field visits allowed it to capture many customers, especially the working class, who were willing to save in the formal financial system. Finally, the history of close relationships among these companies is one of the main factors that explain why these institutions were merged in 1953 to form the Banco del Estado de Chile.
LAS ASOCIACIONES DE AMIGOS DEL CAMINO DE SANTIAGO. ALTRUISMO Y COLABORACIÓN
Authors: Santos Xosé M.
Published: December 2021

El papel de las Asociaciones de Amigos del Camino es muy desconocido en la investigación sobre la peregrinación a Santiago. Su función es crucial para entender la recuperación contemporánea del Camino, su difusión internacional y la conservación de muchas de las singularidades de la ruta. En este artículo, a través de encuestas y entrevistas, se analiza su visión actual de la peregrinación así como sus relaciones con las administraciones públicas y la Iglesia. Su labor, en contacto directo con los peregrinos, hace que tengan un buen conocimiento de las necesidades de éstos, desarrollando acciones de apoyo y orientación al caminante. Sin embargo, frecuentemente, no son tenidas en cuenta por las instituciones que gestionan los itinerarios jacobeos. Se concluye afirmando que la importancia de estas asociaciones es fundamental para mantener la dinámica de la ruta y que deben de ser superados algunos obstáculos para mantener el lugar central que ocupan en el mundo jacobeo.

The role of the Associations of Friends of the Camino de Santiago is virtually unknown in research into the pilgrimage to Santiago. Their function is crucial for understanding the modern-day recovery of the Camino, its international fame and the conservation of many of the unique features along the way. In this paper, based on surveys and interviews, we analyse their current vision of the pilgrimage as well as their relations with public administrations and the Church. Their work, in direct contact with the pilgrims, means that they have a good knowledge of their needs, developing actions to support and guide the wayfarer. However, they are often not taken into account by the institutions that manage the Jacobean itineraries. We conclude by stating that the importance of these associations is fundamental for maintaining the dynamics of the route and that some obstacles must be overcome in order to maintain the central place they occupy in the Jacobean world.
EL TURISMO DE SALUD DESDE EL ENFOQUE SISTÉMICO: APLICACIÓN A LA PROVINCIA DE ALICANTE
Authors: Hersch Glass Elke
Published: December 2021

El propósito de ese trabajo se centra en identificar los principales fundamentos condicionantes de la demanda y de la oferta en el turismo de salud sobre la base de la teoría de sistemas. Además, se lleva a cabo un análisis empírico del turismo médico, turismo wellness y turismo medical wellness de la provincia de Alicante desde este enfoque. Metodológicamente el trabajo se fundamenta en una tarea de sistematización de la bibliografía anglo-germánica existente sobre el tema y no traducida al español. La relevancia de este artículo la constituye la novedad de su enfoque metodológico y su aplicación sobre el turismo de salud, así como su aplicación a un espacio turístico consolidado, como es la provincia de Alicante, donde esta modalidad está implantada y viene funcionando desde hace décadas.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the main determinants conditioning supply and demand in health tourism based on systems theory. An empirical analysis of medical tourism, wellness tourism and medical wellness tourism in the Province of Alicante is carried out, applying the aforementioned approach. Methodologically, the work is based on the task to systematize the existing Anglo-German literature on the subject that has not been translated into Spanish. The relevance of this article lies in the novelty of the methodological approach and its application to health tourism as well as its application to a consolidated tourist area, such as the Province of Alicante, where this modality is established and has been working for decades.
EL TURISMO COMO FACTOR DE EXPLICACIÓN DE LOS DESEQUILIBRIOS TERRITORIALES: EL EJEMPLO DE LA ISLA DE LA GOMERA
Authors: Jerez Darias Luis Manuel , Martín Martín Víctor Onésimo
Published: December 2021

La Gomera es una de las ocho Islas Canarias, un archipiélago considerado como uno de los destinos turísticos más importantes de Europa y del mundo. Su economía se desenvolvió históricamente a través de las actividades agrarias, pero a partir de los años ochenta del pasado siglo pasó a depender del sector terciario, siendo el turismo una base económica fundamental. El modelo turístico de La Gomera ha girado en torno al tradicional binomio de «sol y playa», favoreciendo su concentración en unos pocos espacios costeros del sur, lo que ha provocado una profunda polarización territorial -desde el punto de vista económico y demográfico- entre estas localidades y el resto de entidades de la isla. La consecuencia de ello ha sido el abandono casi total del territorio insular, el cual ahora se instrumentaliza como producto de promoción turística, apoyado en la idealización del paisaje como patrimonio natural y cultural, en la presentación del mismo como un espacio bucólico que seduzca y cautive a los visitantes alojados en la costa, principales consumidores de estos espacios del interior y norte insular, pero que poco aporta a la pobre economía de los habitantes que ellos residen.

La Gomera is one of the eight Canary Islands, an archipelago considered one of the most important tourist destinations in Europe and the world. Its economy was historically developed through farming activities, but from the eighties decade of the past century, it became dependent on the service sector, with tourism being a fundamental economic basis. La Gomera´s tourism model has revolved around the classic "sun and beach" combination, favoring its concentration in a few coastal areas in the south, which has led to a profound territorial polarization -from an economic and demographic point of view- between these places and the rest of the island. As a consequence, there has been an almost total abandonment of the island territory, which is now instrumentalized as a tourism promotion product, supported by the idealization of the landscape as a natural and cultural heritage, being presented as a bucolic space that seduces and captivates visitors staying on the coast, who are the main consumers of these interior and northern areas of the island, but which contributes little to the poor economy of the inhabitants residing in these areas.
Videojuegos para incentivar la participación y el compromiso social
Authors: López Gómez Silvia , Fernández Lanza Santiago
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio empírico basado en el análisis de una muestra de diez videojuegos creados para incentivar la participación y el compromiso social. Los aspectos tratados son la pobreza, la drogodependencia, el autismo, la violencia de género, la migración, los derechos humanos, la política, el cambio climático, la ciberdelincuencia o el ciberacoso. Tras establecer y aplicar los criterios de selección de la muestra, y siguiendo la metodología del análisis de contenido, se ha adaptado la guía propuesta en López-Gómez (2018) para estudiar siete aspectos que, a juicio de los autores, son fundamentales para la consecución del objetivo de concienciación propuesto para cada juego. Estos siete aspectos son, la adecuación al público destinatario, el grado de cumplimiento de su intencionalidad didáctica, el fomento de la colaboración, la adecuación del contenido respecto a su propósito, el carácter motivador, su atractivo lúdico y su atractivo estético. Tras el establecimiento del análisis cuantitativo de los resultados, en la discusión y conclusiones de este estudio se reflexiona sobre el grado de consecución de estos aspectos con el fin de proporcionar posibles pistas sobre la efectividad de este tipo de videojuegos a la hora de ser utilizados como herramientas de concienciación.
Le silence est d’or… mais que vaut l’or ? Impact de la proximité aux axes routiers sur les valeurs résidentielles unifamiliales à Québec, 1993-2004
Authors: Yao Yves-Bryand , Dubé Jean , Lubala David
Published: December 2021

La théorie hédonique stipule que les externalités sont internalisées dans le prix de vente des biens immobiliers. Pour la proximité aux autoroutes, le défi est de taille puisque ces infrastructures génèrent à la fois des effets positifs, une amélioration de l’accessibilité, mais également des effets négatifs, notamment sur la santé des individus. En utilisant les informations sur le marché immobilier, il est possible de recouvrer la prime nette exprimant l’équilibre entre ces deux types d’externalités. L’article propose de développer une approche permettant d’isoler la prime, ou volonté de payer, associée aux externalités négatives liées à la proximité des grands axes routiers. Une application est développée pour le territoire de la ville de Québec à partir d’une analyse par appariement des transactions résidentielles unifamiliales entre 1993 et 2004. Les résultats montrent que, selon le type d’infrastructure, une trop grande exposition aux externalités négatives engendre une baisse de la valeur variant entre 6 % et 14 % du prix moyen. Ces résultats soulignent la présence d’une forme d’iniquité environnementale liée à une trop grande proximité aux axes routiers.
La professionnalisation comme outil de protection du territoire agricole québécois : « Il faut empêcher que se constituent des petites fermes non rentables »
Authors: Francoeur Julie , Abergel Élisabeth
Published: December 2021

Cet article s’intéresse au rôle du zonage agricole dans la professionnalisation de l’agriculture québécoise et dans la limitation de l’accès à la profession d’agriculteur (1), ainsi qu’à ses conséquences pour le développement et le renouvellement de l’agriculture aujourd’hui (2). À partir d’anciens débats sur la protection du territoire et des activités agricoles, nous montrons que la question de la protection du territoire agricole est indissociable de celle de la professionnalisation de l’agriculture, et que les évolutions actuelles concernant la multifonctionnalité, bien qu’ambigües, invitent à s’interroger tant sur le modèle québécois en matière de protection des terres agricoles que sur les critères exclusifs sur lesquels repose la professionnalité agricole.
Caractéristiques locales et individuelles : une analyse spatiale de la croissance des établissements en région non métropolitaine
Authors: Cissé Ismaëlh Ahmed , Dubé Jean
Published: December 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de vérifier si les caractéristiques locales et/ou individuelles influencent la croissance de l’emploi des nouveaux établissements dans la région non métropolitaine du Bas-Saint-Laurent (BSL) au Québec. À partir des microdonnées de nouveaux établissements créés entre 2008 et 2014, des indicateurs de concentration spatiale caractérisent le milieu des établissements dans un rayon de 1250 mètres. Une modélisation en deux étapes par la procédure de Heckman (1979) a permis, d’une part, de modéliser la survie (modèle probit) des nouveaux établissements et, d’autre part, de corriger le biais de sélection et d’estimer la croissance de l’emploi des nouveaux établissements (modèle SDM-Spatial Durbin Model). Les résultats montrent que les caractéristiques individuelles et locales influencent la survie des établissements. Quant à la croissance de l’emploi des nouveaux établissements, c’est en période de récession que le milieu fait la différence. En plus d’être influencée par les caractéristiques individuelles, la spécialisation industrielle relative au secteur du commerce & du transport et la variété reliée se présentent comme des milieux favorables à la croissance des établissements en période de récession.
Vers une pédagogie queer : analyse des perceptions d’élèves de 12e année du secondaire au sujet de la diversité sexuelle
Authors: Hakeem Hasheem
Published: December 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche sur les perceptions d’élèves du secondaire à propos de la diversité sexuelle, afin d’identifier leurs constructions hétéronormatives. L’étude de cas qualitative a été menée auprès de 24 participant⋅e⋅s provenant d’une école secondaire du Grand Vancouver, au moyen d’un questionnaire, d’enregistrements sonores de discussions réalisées en classe, d’un journal de bord et de huit entretiens individuels semi-dirigés. Quoique quelques participant⋅e⋅s aient manifesté de la pensée critique et de l’introspection, plusieurs tendaient à réaffirmer des visions du monde hétéronormatives, à normaliser la diversité sexuelle et à minimiser l’impact de l’homophobie comme forme de discrimination systémique. Des pistes d’action sont proposées pour guider le développement d’une pratique pédagogique queer.
Les obligations réelles environnementales au service d’une protection des zones humides
Authors: Martin Gilles
Published: December 2021

L’obligation réelle environnementale a été introduite en droit français en 2016. Un propriétaire décide de mettre à sa charge, comme à celle de tous les propriétaires successifs du bien pendant la durée de la convention, des obligations de faire ou de ne pas faire. Celles-ci, consenties au bénéfice de personnes publiques ou privées agissant pour la protection de l’environnement, ont pour objet « le maintien, la conservation, la gestion ou la restauration d’éléments de biodiversité ou de fonctions écologiques » (Code de l’environnement, art. L. 132-2 al. 1). L’adoption de cet instrument, inspiré de législations étrangères, s’est heurtée à de nombreuses résistances. Ses potentialités sont pourtant considérables, notamment pour la protection des zones humides. La nature juridique de ce nouvel instrument fait également débat. Quant à son régime juridique, il est le fruit d’un compromis entre l’esprit initial imprégné de souplesse et de liberté contractuelle et les revendications associées aux résistances qui s’étaient exprimées.
The Mangrove Landscape and Zonation following Soil Properties and Water Inundation Distribution in Segara Anakan Cilacap
Authors:   Aquatic Resources Management Program and Magister of Aquatic Resources, Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty-Jenderal Soedirman University, Kampus Perikanan UNSOED Karangwangkal, Jl. dr. Suparno, Purwokerto, Indonesia 53123, Hilmi E , Amron Amron , Sari L K , Cahyo T N , Siregar A S
Published: December 2021

The mangrove zoning and landscape express the correlation between mangrove vegetation (density, biodiversity and species distribution) with environment factors like as water inundation, seatide, and soil properties. The research was conducted in Segara Anakan Lagoon to analysis community structure and mangrove landscape based on species distribution, biodiversity, environment factors, and mangrove zoning. The results showed that (a) Segara Anakan Lagoon had 4 mangrove zone's were dominated by Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora styllosa, and Nypa frutican; (b) the structure of ecosystem was showed by trend of mangrove ecosystem with equation y = 35.34x2 923.85x + 12817 with x = time (year) and y = mangrove area (ha), mangrove density between 1333367 ind ha-1 (West Segara Anakan) and 899–567 ind ha-1 (East Segara Anakan), dominated species were Nypa frutican, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora apiculata, and Aegiceras corniculatum and mangrove biodiversity between 2,572,65 (moderate); (c) structure of environment factor showed single and semi double-type tides, water debit between 0.360.73 m s-1; water depth between 0.20–23.7 m and water inundation between 480cm; soil texture was clay and loam, soil nitrate of 1.5 mg 100 g-1, soil phosphate of 1.5 mg 100 g-1, C organic of 1.31%, soil pH of 6–7, and soil salinity of 6.5–10 ppt.
Soil Organic Carbon in Forest and Other Land Use Types at Bengkulu City, Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, Jalan WR Supratman, Bengkulu, Indonesia 38371A, Wiryono Wiryono , Muktamar Z , Deselina Deselina , Nurliana S , Aningtias H , Anugrah P M
Published: December 2021

Conversion of natural forest into agricultural land uses has decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) and increased carbon emission into the atmosphere, but proper management of agricultural land can sequester carbon from the atmosphere and increase the SOC. This study was conducted to estimate the SOC content and storage in a forest, agroforestry land, oil palm plantation, and agricultural experimental field and to analyze the correlation between the SOC and other soil characteristics at Bengkulu City, Indonesia. Soil were sampled from the following depths: 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm. The biomass of litter and ground cover was also sampled. This study found that the forest had the highest average SOC content from the three depths, and 0–30 cm depth SOC storage, while the agroforestry system had the lowest of both SOC content and storage. The 0–10 cm depth had the highest SOC content and storage, while the 20–30 cm depth had the lowest of both variables. The SOC was positively correlated with litter biomass, field capacity, exchangeable potassium, cation exchange capacity, and negatively correlated with bulk density and exchangeable calcium, but not correlated with total nitrogen and available phosphorus. High litter biomass input is the key to the maintenance of high SOC.