bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Concept Juvenile Justicein the Production of Juvenile in the Russian Federation(L.A. Shestakova. Monograph. M.:Yurlitinform, 2016)
Authors: Lazareva V A
Published: December 2019

The article is the review of the monograph of L.A. Shestakova «Implementation of juvenile justice concepts in the production of juvenile in the Russian Federation». The normative model of juvenile justice in the Russian Federation in the book suggested.
Positive Discrimination and Its Application in the Economic Sphere
Authors: Ruzanov I V
Published: December 2019

The problem of business’ governmental support in the light of constitutional equality principle is researched in this article. The mentioned principle is a cornerstone of person’s legal status in the modern democratic states. It is perceived as a prohibition of discrimination; however it also outlaws unjustified privileges for some group of people.What are unjustified privileges and how those privileges can be justified? Those questions are raised in the article. There are 2 main concepts of equality principle: liberal concept of opportunities equality and the concept of results equalities. The Russian Constitution states the second model.Consequently, the so-called reverse discrimination is possible. This kind of discrimination implies the creation of legal privileges for some group of people. The desire to support some groups, not to restrict them is in the heart of this model.Distinguishing the positive discrimination and ordinary discrimination is quite difficult problem and there were a lot of judicial disputes on the issue. However, in economic field this problem is even more difficult because of the reasons described in this article. On the one hand, the efficiency must be achieved; on the other hand the constitutional requirement of equality must be fulfilled.The two mentioned values rather often contradict each other. It requires to work out the constitutionally based principles of governmental policy in this field. It was suggested: public importance of privileges recipient’s business, reasonableness, targeting, competitiveness.
The Problem of Illegal Migration from China to Russia and Solutions
Authors: Yuan Xun
Published: December 2019

In the article raises the complex problem to describe the components of the phenomenon of Chinese illegal migration in theRussian Federation, to identify ways of solving problematic issues. The investigation of the interpretation and application of the term«illegal migration» in regulatory documents and scientific publications of the United States, European Union and Russia. Outlines the author’s understanding and classification of the term as applied to the Russian migration situation. Shows the scale and form of Chinese illegal migration in Russia, examines the factors that affect the actualization of this problem, which can be classified in two main groups: factors affecting the penetration of Chinese illegal immigrants in Russia, and the factors that attract the attention of Russian society to Chinese migration.Ambivalent results were made: on the one hand, Chinese migration, including its irregular component contributes to the solution of the problem of labor shortages in agriculture and construction, especially in the Far East and Eastern Siberia. On the other, Chinese illegal migrants to Russia, is а real problem, which to some extent has a negative impact on the economy and society of the Russian Federation. In addition, the article States that the Chinese migrants (including illegal) in some cases become victims themselves, and in Russian society continues to evolve xenophobia and negative attitudes towards migrants. The study is fixed and develops the idea that there are three major ways to combat illegal migration: 1) improving the legislative framework and the effectiveness of its enforcement, 2) international cooperation on a bilateral and multilateral basis and 3) the efficiency of law enforcement agencies in developing and carrying out special operatively-preventive events.
On the Issue of Economic and Legal Prerequisites for «Сolour Revolutions»
Authors: Kolesnikov V V
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of economic and legal prerequisites for «colour revolutions». The author shows the connection of such prerequisites with the economic way of life and legal system. The «color revolutions» going strong worsening of the socio-economic contradictions - falling living standards of nationals, the impoverishment of the population, the increasing stratification of wealth, polarization «elit» and «bottom», etc. These processes are usually accompanied by the deepening crisis in the legal sphere, the sphere of legal thinking and legal consciousness of citizens - the behavior is heavily influenced by facts the gap between people’s views on social justice and the realities of life. These determinants, in turn, linked to the poor quality of basic political, legal and economic institutions. The author touches the issue of creating the mechanisms of struggling with «colours revolutions». It is noted that there is a necessity for socio-economic and legal transformation as a guarantee of absence of «colour revolutions» in the future. Besides, the author analyses other prerequisites - active action against the political regime on the part of organized groups which are trained and financed from abroad. The methods of nonviolent protest which often transform into the stage of armed seizure of power are given in the paper. The state must quickly respond and use its legal authority to struggle with these threats.
Guilt as the Base of Constitutional Liability in the Russian Constitutional Law
Authors: Kondrashev A A
Published: December 2019

An author considers guilt as one of the condition of advance for constitutional liability. An article is relevant as the problem of constitutional liability is not still solved yet and literature, which touches the problem, is little. It is necessary for the solution of this problem to consider every of conditions separately, to distinguish this specific on the base of features emerged legal relationships. During the research of cases and opinion of different scientists an author has revealed guilt’ types in the different branches of law and opinion has been done about importance of Availability such condition for the advance of constitutional liability.
The State of Legality in the Credit and Banking Industry of the Russian Economy
Authors: Bazhanov S V
Published: December 2019

This article is devoted to the state of legality in the credit and banking industry of the Russian economy. Despite the attention paid to its improvement, the situation in it remains unfavorable, the number of crimes committed are significant. According to the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation, since 2015, more than 70,000 reports of criminal encroachments related to banking have been received annually by law enforcement agencies. As a result of their consideration, only 36.7 thousand criminal cases were initiated in the expired 2016. The widespread use of the facts of embezzlement of bank money by banks and their customers. Crimes of this category in 2015-2016 were found in most regions of the country. For their commission, organized criminal groups were often created, in the unlawful schemes of which «one-day firms» were involved. In order to facilitate the implementation of criminal intentions, the information constituting bank secrecy was illegally divulged, and financial accounting and reporting documents were falsified. Illegal actions of bank employees often led to a revocation of the credit organization’s license and its subsequent bankruptcy. Negative influence on the state of legality in the sphere in question is rendered by unlawful banking activity and illegal withdrawal of funds abroad. The effectiveness of disclosure of related crimes remains low. According to information provided by the prosecutors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in 2016 year, according to the results of the preliminary investigation and inquiry, only 30.2 thousand criminal cases of the analyzed category were sent to the court (12.6%).
About Some Ways of Optimization of Activity of Law Enforcement Bodies on Gathering and Generalization of the Statistical Information
Authors: Kolesov M V
Published: December 2019

The article considers one of the possible ways to optimize the activity of law enforcement agencies by the example of the official interaction of the preliminary investigation bodies and the prosecutor’s office in matters of the existing document circulation and compliance with the requirements of registration and registration discipline. The proposed optimized model of document circulation, including the use of electronic document management, is a modern vector direction of development and reform of law enforcement agencies and provides for the automation of certain work processes both within the relevant state bodies and at the level of interagency cooperation. The need to introduce new technologies, rapid and secure exchange of service information at the level of interacting electronic databases, departmental computer programs and automated workplaces are the defining criteria for the further development and improvement of law enforcement bodies within the framework of the electronic digital transformation planned for the near future. The methods proposed in the article to switch to the electronic format for the creation of official documents, their timely exchange among various law enforcement agencies, among other things, are a means of increasing the transparency of statistical reporting and strengthening the registration and registration discipline. An undoubted positive aspect of the innovations under consideration is also assistance (assistance) for young professionals with little work experience, which can be provided by the software of the automated workplace in the preparation of official and procedural documents. The recommendations also help to reduce budget expenditures in the functioning of the preliminary investigation bodies and the prosecutor’s office in the performance of the tasks assigned to them by law, meet the requirements for safe and unhindered exchange of official information in the current level of information load and the potential danger of cyber attacks on servers and official electronic digital resources of state, including law enforcement agencies.
Forms of Implementation of the Judiciary in Criminal Proceeding in the Context of the Procedural Status of the Courtas a Participant in Criminal Proceeding
Authors: Lutsenko P A
Published: December 2019

The article examines the procedural status of the court as a participant of criminal proceedings taking into account the specifics of its legal position and the functions to be implemented. The legal status of the court in criminal proceedings by the absence of public or personal interest in the outcome of the criminal case, which not only predetermines the adversarial form of the proceedings, but also guarantees the independence of the judicial authorities in the exercise of justice. The author concludes that the concept of «court» is collective, since on the one hand it is a state institution entering the judicial system, on the other hand - the judge is the bearer of power, considering the criminal case on the merits and decisions provided by law.The judicial system has a sign of instancionnosti, due to its internal hierarchical structure. The existence of judicial bodies predetermines the movement of criminal proceedings, is a structural mechanism for the implementation of the function of internal judicial control and supervision, and also protects the rights and legitimate interests of participants in the criminal Legal proceedings and other interested persons. The powers of the court are considered from the standpoint of the functional criterion, namely: the resolution of the criminal case on the merits; monitoring of the activities of the preliminary investigation bodies; consideration of complaints on actions (inaction) and decisions of officials, conducting proceedings in a criminal case; response to violations of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the principle of legality, established circumstances, which contributed to the commission of a crime by making a private determination or decision, in the course of criminal proceedings.
Legal Ideology and Law as Ideology. Review of the Monograph by Klimenko A. I. «The Legal Ideology of the Modern Politically Organized Society». (Moscow: Norma, 2017. 384 p.)
Authors: Robertson A
Published: December 2019

This is a review of the monograph «The Legal Ideology of a Modern Politically Organized Society» by Professor Alexey Ivanovich Klimenko. In the article the author’s approach to the definition of such a social phenomenon as legal ideology, to the study of its structure and functions, as well as the indirect concept of the author’s understanding of law is assessed, the author’s methodology is evaluated as are the perspectives of his research.
Influência da inteligência emocional na gestão de conflito na relação professor-aluno(s)
Authors: Valente Sabina
Published: December 2019

O aperfeiçoamento das capacidades da inteligência emocional auxilia o professor a gerir as solicitações emocionais em sala de aula, sendo fundamental para encontrar a ordem e o equilíbrio na orientação das decisões durante o conflito. Este estudo investigou a influência da inteligência emocional na gestão de conflito em sala de aula, dando suporte conceitual e evidência factual sobre a relação manifesta entre os dois constructos na relação professor-aluno(s). Foi objetivo desta investigação conhecer qual a influência da inteligência emocional do professor na gestão do conflito, em sala de aula. Analisou-se ainda a relação entre algumas variáveis pessoais e profissionais dos professores com a sua inteligência emocional. Foram usados os instrumentos: o Questionário de Inteligência Emocional do Professor, o Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II - Portuguese Version in School Context, e uma Ficha de Dados Pessoais e Profissionais, numa amostra constituída por 745 professores dos ensinos básico e secundário, de Portugal. Utilizando a técnica de modelação de equações estruturais, os resultados indicaram que os professores que tendem a ter níveis mais elevados de inteligência emocional utilizam estratégias de gestão de conflito mais integrativas e de compromisso, gerindo o conflito em sala de aula de modo construtivo. Face aos resultados encontrados, considera-se a importância do desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas, ao longo da formação académica, que valorizem a dimensão emocional do futuro professor, pelos benefícios que apresenta na gestão de conflito na relação professor-aluno(s).
One year observational study of stillbirths in a referral hospital of Saurashtra region
Authors: Parmar Mehul T. , Karena Zalak V. , Shah Kruti D.
Published: December 2019

Background: Stillbirths constitute a major part of perinatal death, and India ranks first in absolute number of stillbirths. The causes of stillbirth differ in different parts of the world and are affected by fetomaternal factors and type of antenatal and intrapartum care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stillbirth rate as well as the aetiology and risk factors for stillbirths in our institute.Methods: All stillbirths delivered at or above 28 weeks of gestation or weighing more than 1000 gms in P. D. U. Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot during study period of 1 year were enrolled in the study. The stillbirth rate of the institute was studied. Socio-demographic, maternal and fetal factors of stillbirth cases were analysed.Results: Stillbirth rate of our institute was 41.63 per 1000 births. 70% cases belonged to rural region and 48% cases were referred to our hospital from other institutes. Stillbirth was found more in multigravida women with 67.2% cases. 57.01% stillborn babies were males, 34.71% of stillborns had extremely low birth weight and were pre-term. 54.78% stillborns were macerated. In 24.8% cases, aetiology of stillbirth was unknown. Antepartum haemorrhage contributed 19% cases, asphyxia -16.8% cases and pre-eclampsia-12.1% cases of stillbirth in our study.Conclusions: Proper screening and antenatal and intrapartum supervision and timely referral to the tertiary care centre can play an important role in decreasing the rate of stillbirths.
A comparative analysis between Mannheim peritonitis score and acute physiological and chronic health evaluation II score in predicting prognosis of patients of perforation peritonitis
Authors: Mishra Anand , Singh Krishna Kant , Jain Vinod
Published: December 2019

Background: The early assessment and recognition of peritonitis patient is required in surgical emergency. Various scoring system have been designed successfully to assess the prognosis and outcome of peritonitis. The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate the usefulness and severity of Mannheim peritonitis (MPI) score in comparison to acute physiological and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring system for prediction of the outcome in patients with perforation peritonitis and thus decision making in perforation peritonitis.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out at Department of Surgery, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow for a period of one year from July 2018 to June 2019. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study.Results: Majority of patients were males compared to females. Maximum number of patients (40%) was aged 51-60 years. Maximum number of patients (42%) had duodenal perforation. A significant association between higher MPI scores and mortality was seen (p<0.001). Statistically, the association between APACHE II scores and mortality was significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: APACHE II had a slightly higher sensitivity as well as specificity as compared to MPI. MPI is easy to calculate but accuracy of APACHE II is more, compared to MPI.
Study of knowledge and practices related to handwashing in school going children of a rural community
Authors: Pratinidhi S. A. , Haribhakta S. V. , Ambike D. A. , Bhole Om , Kankariya Bhavesh
Published: December 2019

Background: A questionnaire-based study was conducted in rural schools of Maval taluka of Pune district to assess the knowledge about hand washing practices and behavior in school going children. It is well known that hand contamination plays a major role in faeco-oral transmission of diseases. Hand washing is well recognized preventable tool in disease prevention.Methods: A questionnaire-based study on hand washing practices and behavior in school going children in Maval taluka was carried out on 340 volunteers (students) from grade 6 to 8 of rural area of Maval taluka, Pune District. Maharashtra. Statistical analysis was done by using percentages and proportions.Results: A total of 340 students from grade 6 to 8 participated in the study. Majority were from age 11-13 years (n= 147). Almost all (n=320, 93%) were knowing the practice of handwashing. Majority (n=209,61%) were using soap in some form for cleaning of hands. Many (n=250,73%) were having practice of washing hands before meals. Almost all (n=309, 91%) were knowing the reason for washing of hands. The benefits and prevention of diseases were known to majority of students (n= 295,87%) Nail trimming was done once a week in almost all students.(n=250,73%) Reason for trimming of nails was known to many (n=326, 96% ) as it prevents the spread of the disease, only (n=14,4% ) were not aware  of the reason for trimming of the nails. About (n=201, 59 %) of mothers had formal education upto tenth std.Conclusions: Majority of the students used water and soap for hand washing and knew the importance of hand cleaning to prevent many diseases.
Использование бессознательного в маркетинговых коммуникациях потребителя с брендом
Authors: Шадрин Владислав Георгиевич , Коновалова Ольга Викторовна , Шемчук Мария Алексеевна
Published: December 2019

Бессознательное потребителя и нейромаркетинг сегодня находится в самых перспективных исследованиях на стыке экономики и психологии. Ключевыми инструментами нейромаркетинга являются ритуалы, на основе изучения которых можно создавать канал взаимодействия с потребителем. В работе приведены и систематизированы характеристики ритуала бренда, условий его создания и методов, авторами введена связь «якоря» из психологии человека с построением коммуникации с брендом для потребителя, а также впервые предложены показатели для оценки эффективности использования бессознательного в маркетинговых коммуникациях. Статья будет интересна специалистам интересующимся креативными маркетинговыми коммуникациями на стыке психологи, социологи и экономики.
Bacterial chromosome segregation.
Authors: Bartosik Aneta A , Jagura-Burdzy Grazyna
Published: December 2019

In most bacteria two vital processes of the cell cycle: DNA replication and chromosome segregation overlap temporally. The action of replication machinery in a fixed location in the cell leads to the duplication of oriC regions, their rapid separation to the opposite halves of the cell and the duplicated chromosomes gradually moving to the same locations prior to cell division. Numerous proteins are implicated in co-replicational DNA segregation and they will be characterized in this review. The proteins SeqA, SMC/MukB, MinCDE, MreB/Mbl, RacA, FtsK/SpoIIIE playing different roles in bacterial cells are also involved in chromosome segregation. The chromosomally encoded ParAB homologs of active partitioning proteins of low-copy number plasmids are also players, not always indispensable, in the segregation of bacterial chromosomes.
Co-inoculation with two non-infectious cDNA copies of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) leads to the appearance of novel fully infectious variants.
Authors: Podstolski Wojciech , Góra-Sochacka Anna , Zagórski Włodzimierz
Published: December 2019

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is one of the smallest (about 360 nt) infectious plant agents. It is composed of a single-stranded circular non-coding RNA molecule. In the course of previous passage experiments with two intermediate PSTVd variants I2 and I4, three non-infectious clones (I2-50, I4-37 and I4 VI-17) were found. When inoculated separately as cDNAs on tomato "Rutgers" test plants these variants did not induce any visible disease symptoms and did not produce progeny. The presence of such non-infectious variants raises several questions about their origin and biology and to answer them, mixed co-infections with cDNA copies of two non-infectious variants (I2-50, I4-37) were performed. PSTVd infection was observed in seven out of 30 inoculated plants. The progeny isolated from three separate plants contained novel variants, together with the parental I2 and I4 sequences. It is conceivable that the appearance of repaired PSTVd molecules, clearly capable of cell-to-cell movement leading to the systemic infection, results from recombination events. An analysis of the recombinant molecules and comparison with databases identified the specific sites responsible for the restricted infectivity of the I2-50 and I4-37 PSTVd variants. In parallel experiments in which (+) strand PSTVd infectious transcripts were used, no recombinants were observed, and the original I2-50 and I4-37 non-infectious sequences were not detected in the progeny.
The Correlation Between Plasma Levels of Vitamin D and Epigenetic Alterations of Treg-Specific Demethylated Region (TSDR) in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Taghadosi Mahdi , Bilvayeh Soraya , Ghaffari Sasan , Iranshahi Nasrin , Esfandiari Amirreza , Zafari Parisa
Published: December 2019

Abstract- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease of joints among adults. Regulatory T cells (Treg) control immune responses in this illness. Through the expression of FoxP3, a Treg transcription factor, Vitamin D keeps autoimmune diseases in check. Yet, the molecular mechanism of FoxP3 expression by vitamin D is not well-inspected. It may influence FoxP3 expression via epigenetic changes. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between plasma levels of vitamin D and the demethylation of the TSDR region in Foxp3 promoter in patients with RA. Twenty untreated RA patients and 41 healthy controls participated in this study. Plasma levels of 25-OH vitamin D were measured by competitive ELISA method. The demethylation of TSDR regions in Foxp3 gene was also assessed using the quantitative Methylation Specific PCR (qMSP) method. The demethylation of TSDR region was significantly lower in RA patients compared with healthy controls (P=0.006). Vitamin D plasma levels were significantly higher in RA patients rather than healthy people (P=0.034). There was no statistically significant correlation between vitamin D plasma levels and demethylation of TSDR region. As expected, epigenetic alternation showed considerable difference between RA patients and healthy controls, but about vitamin D correlation with methylation modification, more studies are needed
Dexmedetomidine Versus Ketamine Combined With Fentanyl for SedationAnalgesia in Colonoscopy Procedures: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Pourfakhr Pejman , Nouri Khaton , Shariefnia Hamid Reza , Shariat Moharari Reza , Khajavi Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2019

Abstract- Colonoscopy is a painful, embarrassing and short-term procedure that needs temporary sedation and rapid recovery. The aim of this study was to compare the sedation and analgesia eﬀect and hemodynamic changes due to bolus intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine and ketamine during elective colonoscopy. This clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients aged 20-70 years, candidates for elective colonoscopy, who randomly divided into two equal groups. For all patients 0.03 mg/kg midazolam 10 min before procedure was injected. Fentanyl 1 µ/kg was administrated in both groups 5 min before procedure, and one min before colonoscopy. K group received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine and D group received 1 µ/kg dexmedetomidine. Then, the normal saline infusion was used as maintenance. Fentanyl 25-50 µg was prescribed as the rescue dose if needed during the procedure. Hemodynamic changes, sedation level during procedure, patients and colonoscopists satisfaction were recorded in recovery. The mean heart rate and mean blood pressure was significantly less in the dexmedetomidine group than in the ketamine group. All of the patients in the ketamine group were deep to moderately sedated during colonoscopy, and the amount of fentanyl required in this group is much less than dexmedetomidine group (68.02±25.63 vs 91.45±38.62 µg P-0.003). In terms of satisfaction, only 42% of patients in the dexmedetomidine group were completely satisfied with colonoscopy, while 65% of Ketamine group had complete satisfaction with colonoscopy (P=0.001). The level of colonoscopist satisfaction during colonoscopy was similar in both group, and complete satisfaction was 43%. In patients undergoing colonoscopy, IV bolus injection of dexmedetomidine in comparison with ketamine provides less patients satisfactory and low level of sedation with supplemental multiple doses of fentanyl during the procedure.
The Effect of Purgative Manna and Clofibrate on Neonatal Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Mahyar Abolfazl , Mehrpisheh Shahrokh , Khajeh Bahman , Ayazi Parviz , Oveisi Sonia , Mahyar Shifteh , Esmaeili Shiva
Published: December 2019

Abstract- This study was conducted to determine the effect of purgative Manna and clofibrate on unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia of term neonates. In this randomized clinical trial study, sixty neonates suffering from unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were evaluated. The neonates were divided into three groups using balanced block randomization. Group A (control group-received only phototherapy), group B (intervention group-received purgative Manna and phototherapy) and group C (intervention group-received clofibrate and phototherapy). After the intervention, the amount of serum bilirubin reduction was compared between groups. There was no significant difference among group A, B, and C in terms of serum bilirubin reduction in 24, 48 and 72 hours after starting the intervention (P>0.05). The hospital stays in the control group was significantly longer than the intervention groups (P<0.05). No side effects were observed related to using purgative Mienna and clofibrate. The present study showed that prescribing of purgative Manna and clofibrate has no effect on reduction of serum bilirubin level in term neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Thus, it seems that the administration of these drugs is not necessary. Further studies in this regard are recommended.
Pulmonary Sequestration: A Case Report
Authors: Gholami Farashah Mohammad Sadegh , Hesam Shariati Nastaran , Asghari Reza , Mohammadi Susan , Dolatkhah Mohammad Amin , Hesam Shariati Mohammad Bakhtiar
Published: December 2019

Abstract- Pulmonary sequestration is a relatively rare congenital malformation characterized by an abnormal mass of dysplastic lung tissue. This mass is separated from the bronchopulmonary tree and vascularized by an aberrant systemic artery. Pulmonary sequestration common symptoms are chest pain, persistent dry cough, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and recurrent attractions of pneumonia. We report a case of a 45-year-old man who suffered from recurrent cough for one year and bleeding with pain in the left chest. He was eventually diagnosed with intralobar pulmonary sequestration. Surgical removal of the sequestration generally has good outcomes.
Evaluation of the LTBP1 and Smad6 Genes Expression in Lung Tissue of Sulfur Mustard-exposed Individuals with Long-term Pulmonary Complications
Authors: Mami Somayeh , Ghaffarpour Sara , Faghihzadeh Soghrat , Ghazanfari Tooba
Published: December 2019

Sulfur mustard (SM) exposure injures different organs such as the lungs and leads to short and long term complications Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has the main role in altering fibroblast activities linked to airways remodeling. Latency TGF beta binding proteins 1 (LTBP1 facilitates localization of TGF-β in the extracellular matrix. Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 (Smad6) negatively regulates TGF-β signaling, thus establishing a main negative feedback loop. In this study, we investigated the expression of LTBP1 and Smad6 in the lung tissues of SM-exposed and control individuals.
Lung formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of SM-exposed (20 samples) and control groups (20 samples) were collected from archival pathology department of several general hospitals. The total mRNA of lung FFPE tissues was extracted. Quality of the extracted mRNA was evaluated by an Agilent Bio analyzer and RNA was quantified using a Nano Drop. LTBP1 and Smad6 expression levels were evaluated by real-time PCR.
LTBP1 expression levels did not change between the two groups (p=0.626), howeverSmad6 expression levels were significantly higher (2.6 fold) in SM-exposed individuals compared to the control group (p=0.001).
Our results revealed that Smad6 may be involved in lung tissue remodeling process in SM-exposed patients. Smad6 regulates fibrotic alterations in lung tissue and its function as negative feedback mechanisms in TGF-β.
The Role of FENO in Comparison to Spirometry and ACT in Control of Children Asthma Symptoms
Authors: Dabbaghzadeh Abbas , Tavakol Marzieh , Gharagozlou Mohammad
Published: December 2019

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a noninvasive marker of inflammation, used for monitoring asthma. The aim of this study was to compare FeNO, asthma control test (ACT), and lung function test (spirometry) in children aged 8-15 years.
This observational, cross-sectional study was performed on76 asthmatic children (age, 8-15 years), who were referred to the Department of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran during 2012-2013. Patients were matched for sex and age. The recruited patients were selected via consecutive sampling. FeNO was measured with a portable electrochemical analyzer and forced spirometry was performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. The ACT questionnaire was used and completed for all the patients. 
The mean FeNO was 28.5±29.1 ppb, and the mean ACT score was 19.8±3.6. FeNO was significantly correlated with forced expiratory volume (FEV1) (r, 0.232; p=0.049) or 25-75% maximum expiratory flow (MEF 25-75) (r, -0.304; p=0.009). FeNO showed no significant correlation with ACT score or FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (p>0.05). Additionally, there was no significant correlation between FeNO and changes in FEV1 and MEF 25-75% before and after the administration of bronchodilators (p>0.05).
To improve asthma control, childhood ACT, FeNO, and spirometric tests can be used as complementary tools in clinical practice to detect children with poorly controlled asthma.
Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Nine Suspected Familial Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Patients for MUNC13-4 Deficiency and Introducing Four Novel Mutations in UNC13D
Authors: Vahidi Maryam , Badalzadeh Mohsen , Jannesar Masoomeh , Mazinani Marzieh , Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza , Khodayari Namini Nazanin , Houshmand Massoud , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Moradi Leila , Pourpak Zahra , Moin Mostafa
Published: December 2019

Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a rare disorder of immune dysregulation. FHL inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern is classified into five subtypes based on underlying genetic defects. Mutations in four genes including PRF1, UNC13D, STX11 and STXBP2 are responsible for FHL2 to FHL5 respectively. The cause of FHL1 is associated with mutations in an unknown gene located at 9q21.3-22. This study aims to report the clinical features and genetic results of nine Iranian patients suffering from -haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Nine patients (five males and four females) suspected to FHL whose genetic evaluation of PRF1 and STX11 revealed no mutations, were entered the study to investigate UNC13D mutations. Primers were designed to amplify all coding regions and exon-intron boundaries of the gene. PCR products were then sequenced and analyzed by sequence analysis tools including BLAST.
The most frequent clinical manifestations observed in the patients were fever and hepatosplenomegaly. In this study, five mutations were detected in UNC13D including four novel mutations (c.1434_1446delACCCATGGTGCAGinsTGGTGCT, c.1933C>T, c.1389+1G>C and c.2091+1G>A) besides to a previously reported deletion (c.627delT). The pathogenicity of the missense mutation was assessed using online prediction tools including SIFT and PolyPhen2.
The study results may provide valuable information for genetic counseling especially for those who have a history of immunodeficiency diseases in their family and can be used for prenatal diagnosis.
SDF-1α Reduces Human Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity against Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia K562 Cells
Authors: Mardomi Alireza , Hossein-Nataj Hadi , Jafari Narjes , Mohammadi Nabiallah , Abediankenari Saeid
Published: December 2019

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) has been shown to be up-regulated in a variety of malignancies. So that, its expression is associated with poor prognosis and invasiveness. Natural killer (NK) cells are important effector cells against virus-infected and transformed cells. Especially they play a key role in tumor immune surveillance.
Whereas it was not well understood whether SDF-1α modulates anti-tumor immune response or not, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of SDF-1α on the cytotoxic properties of peripheral blood NK cells.
Human peripheral blood NK cells were freshly isolated using MACSxpess system and cultured in the presence or absence of recombinant human SDF-1α or SDF-1α plus CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100. CD107a degranulation assay was conducted through the co-culture of NK cells with K562 cells. The percentage of CD107a positive cells was assessed by flowcytometry. Effect of SDF-1α was also examined on the mRNA levels of NKG2A and NKG2D as indicator examples of NK cell inhibitory and activating receptors, respectively. SDF-1α significantly decreased the degranulation activity of NK cells (p=0.04). The mRNA content of NKG2D was down-regulated under the influence of SDF-1α (p=0.03). Moreover, AMD3100 exhibited a trend in recovering the NKG2D mRNA level to its un-treated state (p=0.05). 
The present study reveals that SDF-1α has a negative impact on NK cell activity and might is involved in tumor immune-suppression. Thus, it can be concluded that microenvironment manipulations targeting SDF-1α may reinforce current cancer therapies by disturbing one of the immune-suppressive axes in the cancerous milieu.
Immunological Responses against HER2-Targeted Idarubicin-ZHER2 Conjugate in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Siavoshinia Leila , Jamalan Mostafa , Zeinali Majid , Mohammadzadeh Ghorban
Published: December 2019

Targeting of cancerous cells with a high level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressions by drug immunoconjugates is a new approach for specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Our previous work indicated that idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate has a great potential for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing malignant cell lines but possible induced immune response against constructed conjugate was not addressed.
In the current study, the possibility of induction of humoral and cellular immune responses against idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate in BALB/c mice was investigated. For assessment of the induced immune response, prepared and qualified idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate was administrated intravenously to BALB/c mice and the induced cellular immune response was evaluated by measuring secretion levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) cytokines by the splenocytes. Humoral response of treated mice was also assessed by measuring total immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer in mice sera.
The obtained results showed that idarubicin-ZHER2 affibody conjugate at any examined concentrations could not induce secretion of IFN-γ as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. A mild increase in the level of regulatory IL-10 cytokine was seen in the treated mice although no dose dependency in the level of IL-10 production was observed. Furthermore, results showed that idarubicin-ZHER2 conjugate could not induce IgG production in the treated mice.
Based on these findings, the idarubicin-ZHER2 conjugate can be considered as a candidate for the development of new therapeutics against HER2-overexpressing cancers although further in vivo studies are needed.
Immunogenicity Evaluation of Recombinant Edible Vaccine Candidate Containing HER2-MUC1 against Breast Cancer
Authors: Mehrab Mohseni Mahdieh , Amani Jafar , Fasihi Ramandi Mahdi , Mahjoubi Forouzandeh , Jafari Mahyat , Hatef Salmanian Ali
Published: December 2019

Human epithelial growth factor receptor2 (Her2) and polymorphic epithelial mucin (MUC1) are tumor-associated antigens that have been extensively investigated in adenocarcinomas. Generally, each of these molecules was used separately for diagnosis of adenocarcinomas and as an injective vaccines in cancer therapy researches, but not in the chimeric form as an edible immunogen.
In this study, Her2, MUC1, and a novel fusion structure were expressed in the seeds and hairy roots of transgenic plants appropriately. The mice groups were immunized either by feeding of transgenic seeds or hairy roots.
All immunized groups showed a considerable rise in anti-glycoprotein serum IgG and IgA, and IFNɣ cytokine. However, the animals received chimeric protein showed significant higher immune responses in comparison to ones received one of these immunogen.
The results indicated that the oral immunization of an animal model with transgenic plants could effectively elicit immune responses against two major tumor-associated antigens.
Mammalian Meat Allergy Accompanied by Venom Allergy: A Review of 12 Cases
Authors: Kutlu Ali , Unal Derya
Published: December 2019

There has recently been an increase in mammalian meat allergy (MMA) in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It has been associated with the expansion of tick populations.Tick bites appear to result in sensitization to the carbohydrate allergen galactose-alpha–1, 3-galactose, which is present in many types of mammalian meats.
In this study, we have emphasized that  Ixodes ricinus named tick type which is implicated in meat allergy, is found in domestic animals of Black Sea Region of Turkey. A new concept has been recently raized; suggesting that having an alpha-gal allergy is associated with an increased risk of sensitization to multiple venom spesific immunoglobulin (Ig) E. Our aim is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of adult patients with MMA and its relationship with insect sting reactions in Turkey.
Patients referring to the allergy outpatient clinic with possible MMA were interviewed regarding reactions to a stinging insect. Demographic features and detailed histories of the patients were recorded. Skin prick test (SPT) with commercial beef extract and venom allergens, as well as prick to prick tests with raw beef and cooked beef were performed. Serum total IgE and beef meat specific IgE were measured.
Of 50 interviewed patients, 12 patients (4 male [33,3%] and 8 female [66,6%]) had a history of venom hypersensitivity reaction. The mean age was 36.50±13.35 years (range:18–61). History of other allergic diseases was present in 8 (66.6%) patients. Both venom and meat allergy were confirmed with SPT or prick to prick tests in these 12 patients. Among these patients sensitization to honey bee venom was more frequent (83%). MMA and venom allergy are influenced by the same environmental exposures. We believe that there may be shared immunologic factors and similar antigens; making venom allergic patients more susceptible to MMA.
Is It Rational to Study Coagulations Test Routinely before Operations and Invasive Procedure: Single Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Mansouritorghabeh Hassan
Published: December 2019

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Evaluation of the Association between Androgen Receptor and AURKA and Its Prognostic Value in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Soleymani Fard Shahrzad , Sotoudeh Masoud , Yazdanbod Mansour , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir , Malekzadeh Reza , Yaghmaie Marjan , Mousavi Seyed Asadollah , Ghaffari Seyed H. , Alimoghaddam Kamran
Published: December 2019

Background: It is well-known that Aurora kinase A (AURKA) shows oncogenic properties in various tumor types including gastric cancer (GC). Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that AURKA has a specific androgen receptor (AR) binding site in its promoter; thus, it could be regulated by AR. Since it has been shown that AR overexpresses in gastric cancer (GC) as a male-predominant tumor, the goal of this study was to evaluate the association between AR and AURKA and its prognostic value in GC patients. Materials and Methods: We assessed the expression profile of AURKA in 60 fresh GC and adjacent non-tumor tissues and 50 normal gastric specimen by qRT-PCR, and investigated the association of AURKA expression with clinicopathological features. Furthermore, we evaluated possible correlation between AURKA and AR to elucidate a novel prognostic marker using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. Conclusion: Among GC patients, 65% (39/60) overexpressed AURKA relative to normal gastric tissues. AURKA overexpression was significantly correlated with the AR overexpression in GC patients. Although AURKA expression alone was not remarkably associated with poor outcome, we provided some evidence that combined evaluation of AURKA and AR expression could independently predict survival of GC patients adjusted for other variables (HR=1.7, CI=1.314-3.833 p=0.042). Conclusion: These results indicate that AR and AURKA may crosstalk to promote GC progression. Our findings have clinical importance because they suggest simultaneous assessment of AURKA and AR expression as a novel potential prognostic marker.
Comparison of Iron alone and Zinc Plus Iron Supplementation Effect on the Clinical and Laboratory Features of Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Moradveisi Borhan , Yazdanifard Parin , Naleini Nima , Sohrabi Mohsen
Published: December 2019

Background: Childhood Iron deficiency anemia is one of the main health problems around the world especially underdeveloped countries. Supplementation with micronutrients specifically iron supplementation can be considered as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treatment of this type of anemia. The aim of the present study is to compare the therapeutic effects of zinc plus iron and iron alone supplementation on the clinical and laboratory features of children with iron deficiency anemia referred to our Hospital in 2016. Materials and Methods: 88 patients aged 6 months to 4 years old with iron deficiency anemia and after applying exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive zinc plus iron sulfate or iron sulfate alone supplement for one month. After treatment, clinical symptoms and lab test data including CBC, TIBC and serum iron and ferritin levels were again evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS15. Results: After one month of treatment, the clinical symptoms relived significantly in both groups. Also, there was significant changes between the mean value of laboratory parameters before and after treatment within each group (P <0.05). However, after one month of treatment there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed both iron alone and zinc plus iron supplementation are effective on the treatment of iron deficiency anemia but there are no significant difference and preference between these two types of treatment.
The Members Engagement of Health-Oriented Brand Communities in Iranian Social Networks: Developing Suitable Content Strategy
Authors: Nazari Ameleh Kianoush , Jafari Pejman , Ghaffari Farhad
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Creating engagement with generated content has become a major challenge for health-oriented brand communities. Therefore, the present study seeks to fully understand the brand - consumer and consumerconsumer engagement with the content generated by the Instagram social network health clinics. Method The present study was conducted in two steps. In the first step, data was collected by interviewing nine native experts and a review of previous studies. And designed research model with the axial, open, and selective coding. In the second step, with the Nethnography method, 1572 posts of Instagram 8 health clinics were coded for 1 year period and analyzed by SPSS using multiple variance analysis and correlation tests. In general, the present study was conducted as a multiple case study method. Results: 95% confidence level there is a meaningful relationship between content type, hashtag, content agility (except saved post and discovery percentage), content day (except discovery percentage and reach), content context (except profile visit and percentage discovery) and tone of voice (except like, impression, discovery percentage and new follower) with brand-consumer engagement and also between the content type, content day, content context, content agility (except mention), tone of voice (except comment) and hashtag (except mention) with consumer-consumer engagement. Conclusion: In order to creating engagement, we must raise brand-consumer and consumer-consumer engagement, this requires the production of appropriate content.