bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid profiles of Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 and Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4
Authors: Adiyoga R , Arief I I , Budiman C , Abidin Z
Published: May 2024

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria have emerged as a natural alternative treatment for cancer in recent years. Indigenous probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from beef, Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 and Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4, have displayed in vitro anticancer activities against cervical and colorectal cancer cells. Recent studies have suggested that fatty acids such as capric, caprylic, and linoleic acids may play a role in inhibiting tumor development, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the fatty acid profiles of L. plantarum IIA-1A5 and L. acidophilus IIA-2B4. Intracellular and extracellular fractions of bacterial cultures were obtained using centrifugation. The fatty acid composition was identified using GC-FID. Identified fatty acids were subjected to ANOVA for statistical analysis. Notably, the results show that saturated fatty acid contents exhibited significant differences between all samples, whereas unsaturated fatty acid components varied only between extracellular and intracellular fractions, contributing to the observed diverse anticancer activity. Furthermore, specific saturated fatty acids (C8:0 and C10:0) were found exclusively in L. plantarum IIA-1A5 extracellular or L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 intracellular fraction. These findings might provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, warranting further investigation into their underlying mechanisms and clinical potential.
The potential of fermented goat milk using Lactobacillus plantarum and Streptococcus thermophilus added by red guava (Psidium guajava l.) as antibacterial agent for skin
Authors: Hanum Z , Yurliasni  , Safira C R M , Delima M
Published: May 2024

In this study, fermented goat milk combined with Lactobacillus plantarum and Streptococcus thermophilus were used with the addition of 5% pasteurized red guava juice (Psidium guajava L.). This study focused on pH, total bacterial count (TPC), and antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. This study used a fully randomized design (CRD) with three treatments with a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Streptococcus thermophilus (ST), P1 = 2% LpSt3%; P2=LP3%: St2%; and P3=Lp4%: 1%. In this case, each treatment was repeated 6 times. The results showed that pH values ranged from 3.66 to 3.69 and total plate counts (TPC) ranged from 8.54 to 8.61 CFU/mL. Furthermore, antimicrobial test revealed a zone of inhibition diameters ranging from 9.75 to 10.83 mm and 7.58 to 13.17 mm against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In summary, fermented goat milk using Lactobacillus plantarum and Streptococcus thermophilus, with red guava juice (Psidium guajava L.) treated with a combination of Lp 3% and St 2% starter, was effective against Propionibacterium acnes. It also indicates that the product contains antibacterial agent.
Potential antioxidant activity and physical of cottage cheese using bromelain enzyme pineapple[Ananas comusus] as a natural coagulant
Authors: Komansilan S , Sakul S , Ma’ruf W , Pontoh J
Published: May 2024

The proteolytic enzyme bromelain, which can aid in hydrolyzing proteins into amino acids, is found in pineapple fruit. The bromelain enzyme can also aid in the coagulation of milk, which makes it useful in the cottage cheese-making process. The numerous phenolic compounds and flavonoids found in pineapple fruit serve as a source of antioxidants. Antioxidants function by scavenging free radicals. This study used the pineapple fruit’s bromelain enzyme as a natural coagulant to ascertain the cottage cheese’s physical characteristics and antioxidant activity. Each treatment (K1 = 0%, K2 = 3%, K3 = 4%, and K4 = 5%) was repeated four times as part of the research methodology. The outcomes demonstrated that the bromelain enzyme’s inclusion had a very substantial impact [p≤ 0.01] on the cottage cheese’s physical characteristics and antioxidant activity. The results of the study concluded that bromelain concentrations up to 5% produced good antioxidant activity and physical properties of cottage cheese with a very significant difference P≤0.01. This indicated that the bromelain enzyme from pineapple extract could be used as a cheap substitute for rennet in making cheese.
Antioxidant and physico-chemical activity of dry sausage laying chicken meat with addition of number as curing materials
Authors: Rumondor D B J , Tamasoleng M , Tinangon R , Manangkot H , Ratulangi F , Sembor S
Published: May 2024

Angkak is one type of natural dye that can be applied to the manufacture of sausages. Angkak is fermented rice using Monascus spp yeast. Aside from being a natural coloring agent, Angkak can also be used as an antioxidant.

This study aims to examine the antioxidant activity and physico-chemistry of dry sausage meat 0f culled laying hens added with Angkak as a curing agent. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the percentage of Angkak treatments were: R0 = 0%, R1 = 0.5%, R2 = 1%, R3 = 1.5% and R4 = 2% and each treatment was repeated 4 times.

The results showed that the addition of Angkak to dried sausages had a very significant (P<0.01) effect on antioxidant and physico-chemical activities. The conclusion of this study is the addition of Angkak as curing up to 2% can produce antioxidant activity and physico-chemical quality of dried sausages of rejected chicken meat.
Filtration and antioxidant activity of commercial fermented and non-fermented sausage
Authors: Astandifiyah R H , Budiman C , Arief I I
Published: May 2024

This study aims to screen peptides from commercially available fermented and non-fermented sausages in the local market, examine the chemical content of the products, and determine their antioxidant activities. The chemical content of the sausages was determined using proximate analysis and the Lowry assay. The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that in the proximate analysis, only the water and fat content of the three sausages differed significantly (P<0.05). The concentration of protein in the fermented sausages was significantly higher than in the non-fermented sausages (P<0.05), with the highest protein content found in the fermented Pepperoni sausage. The non-fermented beef sausage extract had a higher IC50 value (log 2.07 ppm or 117 ppm) compared to Pepperoni and Salami sausages (P<0.05). The best IC50 value in inhibiting DPPH reactivity was found in the fermented Pepperoni sausage, followed by Salami and non-fermented sausages. This indicates that fermentation can increase the chemical content and antioxidant capabilities of the fermented sausage products.
Application of Edible Film Whey with Curcuma domestica
Val Extract to Caramel Candy: Storage Time and Temperature Study
Authors: Juliyarsi I , Melia S , Setiawan R D , Sukma A , Wulandari A , Anggraini T
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to explore caramel candy with edible film whey as packaging and evaluate the effects of interaction time (7, 14, and 21 days) and storage temperature (room and refrigerator) on nutritional value (moisture, protein, fat, and ash content) and sensory properties (taste, color, aroma, and texture). The results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in storage time for moisture and fat content, but not significantly different (P>0.05) in protein and ash content. In the sensory evaluation, the difference in storage time and temperature did not affect the sensory properties (color, aroma, and texture), except for the taste parameters. In conclusion, caramel candy can be wrapped in edible films with the addition of Curcuma domestica Val extract at a storage time of up to 14 days at refrigerator temperatures.
Leaf protein concentrate of Indigofera zollingeriana as a source of protein and branched-chain amino acids for ruminants
Authors: Puastuti W , Tresia G E , Herliatika A , Haryati T , Yulistiani D , Maplani  , Widaringsih W , Miraya N
Published: May 2024

Indigofera zollingeriana (I zollingeriana) leaves contain high-level protein and amino acids. Thus, it can be used as a leaf protein concentrate (LPC) source. This study aimed to obtain LPC from I. zollingeriana as feed supplement for ruminants. LPC was prepared by extracting I. zollingeriana leaves using distilled water and 0.1 N NaOH with a ratio of 1:3. The extraction was done by adjusting the pH of the liquid extract at pH 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, by adding 0.1N HCl. Each pH determination was repeated three times. The pH and precipitate values were regressed to determine the isoelectric pH, which indicated the highest amount of LPC obtained from the extraction. LPC was produced based on its isoelectric pH, and its composition was analyzed. The results showed that the isoelectric pH of I. zollingeriana leaf extraction using distilled water was higher at pH 4.9 compared to 0.1N NaOH extraction, which had a pH of 4.3. Additionally, the total precipitate obtained from the distilled water extraction (0.2044 g/ml) was greater than that obtained from the NaOH extraction (0.1870 g/ml). I. zollingeriana LPC extracted with distilled water produced LPC’s yield of about 3.64% of fresh I. zollingeriana leaf and produced 53.58% of CP. I. zollingeriana LPC had complete amino acids with an increase in the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) valine, leucine, and isoleucine by an average of 91.5%. It can be concluded that Indigofera zollingeriana LPC contains higher protein content and BCAAs.
Phenotypic performance, production, and nutritional quality of Stenotaphrum secundatum var. Steno Agrinak
Authors: Sirait J , Simanihuruk K
Published: May 2024

Stenotaphrum secundatum var. Steno Agrinak is a superior shade tolerant grass with good phenotypic appearance, high production along with good nutritional quality. This grass was obtained through a breeding program for vegetative (clonal) plants using the positive mass selection method from 2016 to 2018. Adaptation tests were carried out in two agroecosystems (lowland wet climates Sei Putih Deli Serdang and highland temperate Gurgur Tobasa). The study was carried out on a total area of 1600 m2 in a randomized block design using two genetic materials (original and selection) at two locations with 8 replications. The variables observed included phenotypic characters, production and nutritional value. The observed data were processed using a nested treatment design with the PKBT STAT program 1.0 and the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) follow-up test. The test results showed that the fresh production of Steno Agrinak grass was significantly higher than the production of the original variety with a better phenotypic appearance accompanied by better nutritional value.
The effect of papaya leaf meal on protein utilisation efficiency in broilers which affects the sustainability of poultry production
Authors: Christone R , Hasanah U , Sadeli A , Ginting N , Trisna A
Published: May 2024

Papaya leaf is one of the agricultural wastes containing papain enzymes that are beneficial to livestock, one of which is poultry. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of papaya leaf meal on the efficiency of protein use in broilers. This study used one hundred Lohmann strain broilers consisting of four treatments, T0 (ration without papaya leaf meal), T1 (ration with 1.5% papaya leaf meal), T2 (ration with 2.5% papaya leaf meal) and T3 (ration with 3.5% papaya leaf meal). The variables observed in this research were crude protein consumption, excreta crude protein, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention. The results of this study were T1 (ration with 1.5% papaya leaf meal) significantly (P<0.01) increased crude protein consumption up to 405.61±10.44 g/head/35 days, T2 (ration with 2.5% papaya leaf meal) significantly (P<0.01) increased protein efficiency ratio up to 3.86±0.18 and protein retention in broiler chickens up to 89.90±4.38% and decreased excreta crude protein. The conclusion of this research is that the use of 2.5% papaya leaf flour in broiler rations can increase protein use efficiency.
The Effect of NPK fertilization on Adlay or Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi L.), an alternatif forage crop
Authors: Sarijan A , Limbongan A , Sembiring J , Widijastuti R , Anwar A
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of compound NPK fertilizer 15-15-15 on the growth and yield of hanjeli plants as animal feed for livestock. It was conducted using polybags from October to December 2021, located at the Screenhouse of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Musamus University. The study was designed in a randomized block design consisting of four fertilizer treatments with four replications. Each experimental unit contained six plant populations, and all were used as sample plants. The four applied treatments were as follows: without fertilization (P0), NPK fertilizer five g/polybag (P1), NPK fertilizer ten g/polybag (P2), and NPK fertilizer fifteen g/polybag (P3). The research results showed that fertilization affected plant height, leaf count, and stem diameter, but it did not affect germination power, tillers, and plant stove. Fertilization with a dosage of fifteen g/polybag (P3) resulted in the best growth and yield variables for all observations. The fresh harvest produced ranged from 0.73 kg to 0.96 kg per polybag.
Toxicity test of a mixture extracts neem leaf and mindi leaf
Authors: Mendes J A , Sembiring J , Susanti D S , Rupang M S , Yusuf M
Published: May 2024

Along with efforts to increase feed production, the main focus that is considered is the quality and quantity of animal feed. Animal feed raw materials come from plants such as cultivated grains, grass and straw. In the cultivation technique, a pest maintenance and control system is applied to avoid plant damage. The aim of this study was to test the toxicity of a mixture of neem and mindi leaf extracts against P. xylostella larvae. The test consisted of two extract ratios, namely 1:2 and 2:1. Each mixture was tested at four dose levels and repeated three times. Observations were made after 24 HAT, 48 HAT and 72 HAT. The results showed that the mortality in mixed extracts with a ratio of 1:2 showed a mortality of 47% and for a ratio of 2:1 extracts of neem leaves and mindi leaves the mortality was 40%.
Accuracy of single and mix calibration as method to determine ruminant feedstuffs nutrient utilization using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Putri SD , Despal  , Zain M , Rosmalia A , Zahera R
Published: May 2024

Including real-time data nutrient utilization from quick and accurate methods such as NIRS in a ration formulation improves feed efficiency. However, the homogeneity of the feedstuff sample set used in calibration influences its prediction accuracy and application. This study compares the calibration accuracy of ruminant feed nutrient utilization using a single or mixed calibration. Feedstuffs of different origins (Padang (24), Bandung (24), and Bogor (24)) consisting of forages (30) and concentrate (30) were used separately for single calibration or together for mixed calibration. 12 samples were used for external calibration. The spectrum of each sample was collected using FT-NIRS. The calibration used the PLS regression model. Parallel to the NIRS spectrum collection, nutrient utilization was observed using in vitro methods including degradation of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, rumen pH, VFA, and NH3 concentration. The results showed accuracy of nutrient utilization prediction varied between the parameters observed. Except for VFA, mixed calibration produced better accuracy (R2>0.83 and RPD>2.21) than single calibration. External calibration proved that NIRS prediction was not significantly different from the in vitro results (P > 0.05). It is concluded mixed ruminant feedstuffs database can be used accurately and broadly to estimate nutrient utilization using NIRS.
The health improvement of laying hen with probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius treatment as an alternative antibiotic growth promotor
Authors: Mahardhika BP , Kalsum U , Ali U , Darmayani DE , Firmansyah NT
Published: May 2024

The use of Growth Promoter Antibiotics (AGP) can improve performance to increase profits for farmers. However, the use of AGP has been banned because the use of AGP can increase resistance in poultry and leave residues in poultry products. This research aims to evaluate the use of the probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius as an alternative to the use of AGP on the health of livestock as measured by the relative size of organs in laying hens aged 90 weeks. The experimental design in this research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consisting of 5 laying hens aged 90 weeks. The Data analysis used is an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey’s follow-up test will be carried out if there are significantly different data (P<0.005) The treatment in this study is P0 = control, P1 = PO + AGP, P2 = drinking water containing probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius 103, P3 = drinking water containing probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius 105, P4 = drinking water containing probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius 107. The results showed that the use of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius significantly (P<0.05) could improve the size of internal organs such as the liver, spleen, small intestine, and abdominal fat. The use of Lactobacillus salivarius at doses of 105 and 107 is the best dose as an alternative to using AGP to improve laying hen health.
The effectiveness of using maggot (Hermetia illucens) as a super native chicken feed ingredient
Authors: Praptiwi I I , Lesik M.M.N.N , Irianto A. , Gebze Y. , Salamony S.M.
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using maggots as a feed ingredient for super-native chickens. The parameters used include feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, and abdominal fat. The ingredients used include 30 super native chickens with an age of 12 weeks, feed ingredients in the form of corn, bran, soybean flour, maggot, Gamal leaves, minerals, and premixes. The study used a complete randomized design with 3 treatments repeated 5 times, the treatment included P0 as control without using maggot flour (0%); P1: Maggot flour concentration 10%; and P2: 20% maggot flour concentration. The stages in the study include preparation of ration formulas, maintenance for 4 weeks, and data analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed the highest protein content at 20% treatment at 17.76%, feed consumption, and feed conversion showed non-significant results, but the highest consumption value at P2 was 219.66 gr/week, and the best conversion at P2 was 0.92. Body weight gain, carcass weight, and abdominal fat showed a significant effect, the best value at P2, for weight gain 242 g / 4 weeks, carcass weight 82%, abdominal fat 0.42.
Betaine Alter SCFA-Producing Bacteria Population in Laying Pullet Reared in Tropical Climate
Authors: Wahid Zainudin Al , Pradista Lutfi Adya , Prastowo Sigit , Ratriyanto Adi
Published: May 2024

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are crucial products of microbial fermentation in the gut, known to play a significant role in maintaining gastrointestinal health and the overall well-being of animals. Betaine, a naturally occurring compound found in various plant and animal sources, has been widely used as a feed additive in poultry production due to its potential benefits, including improved growth, osmoregulation, and liver function. This study examines the possible effects of betaine supplementation on SCFA-producing bacteria in laying pullets raised in tropical climates, mainly focusing on SCFA-producing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. In total, 96 laying hens strain Lohmann aged three weeks were assigned to two dietary treatments. Dietary treatments included a basal diet (control) and a basal diet supplemented with 1.2 g.kg-1 betaine. The next-generation sequencing method of the 16S rRNA gene region V3–V4 was applied to view the bacteria abundance. Betaine supplementation showed significantly higher population levels of Lactobacillus_agilis, Lactobacillus_aviarius, Lactobacillus_ingluviei, Lactobacillus_johnsonii, and Lactobacillus_saerimneri compared to the control group (P<0.05). In Bifidobacterium_pullorum bacteria, betaine administration shows insignificant results compared to control. In conclusion, betaine supplementation appears to have a positive impact on promoting the growth of certain beneficial Lactobacillus species in laying pullets reared in tropical climates.
Nutrient qualities hydroponic corn green fodder (HCGF) of yellow-maize on different harvest time
Authors: Kurniawan W , Napirah A , Isnaeni P D , Bain A
Published: May 2024

The supply of high-quality forage was inhibited by land availability and forage preparation time before it can be used as feed. Hydroponic corn green fodder (HCGF) technology may be a solution to this problem by supplying high-quality forage in short period of time in limited land resources. Yellow-maize is a potential seed for HCGF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient quality HCGF of yellow-maize harvested at 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, and 15th day. The design used was completely randomized design with four treatments. The results showed that the linear pattern was observed on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude fibre (CF), and crude protein (CP) content as the harvest day increased. The DM, OM, and CP content decreased while CF content increased in accordance with the longer HCGF harvest time. The best HCGF profile characterized by high DM content (25.01%) with sufficient CP content (20.09%) was observed in the 7th day harvest. In general, HCGF of yellow-maize harvested at 13th day showed increase in CF content (from 12.09% to 16.27%), and CP content (from 11.70% to 13.23%) compare to its grain.
Effect of soaking mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) with lime water on crude protein, crude fiber, and nitrogen free extract content as a ruminant feed
Authors: Ikhlas Z , Jamarun N , Elihasridas
Published: May 2024

The mangrove plant is among the strees found growing in the seaside zone, one part by the mangrove plant that Could be utilized as livestock feed for ruminants is mangrove fruit. Mangrove fruit is usually rarely used so it only rots and pollutes the coast. The aim in thus study is to see effects by mangrove fruit tannin reduction with lime water on crude protein, crude fiber, and NFE content. This study used 4x3 Faktorial pattern group randominsation plan using 2 seplicates. The first factor is the concentration by lime water with 4 levels, that is T1 (1% lime water), T2 (3% lime water), T3 (5% lime water), T4 (7% lime water). The second factor is different soaking times with 3 times, namely 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes. The conclusion of the research on soaking mangrove fruit with lime water gives a very significantly different effect on crude protein, crude fibre, and NFE content. The highest crude protein content is in the A1B1 treatment with a grade of 8.1%, the best crude fibre was in the A3B3 treatment with a value of 24.91%, and NFE was in the A1B1 treatment with a value of 58.07%.
Physicochemical quality of rice bran pellets using different binder materials
Authors: Napirah A , Isnaeni P D , Bain A , Kurniawan W
Published: May 2024

Rice bran is one of the by-products of the agricultural industry that is widely used as animal feed. Rice bran generally exhibits voluminous and dusty characteristics during transportation and storage, requiring special processing techniques to facilitate handling. Pelleting is one of the feed processing techniques that can reduce the volume and dust of feed material, including rice bran. However, one of the determining factors for the quality of pellets is the binder material. This study aims to evaluate rice bran pellets’ physical and chemical qualities using different binder materials: commercial binder LignoBond DD, tapioca flour, corn flour, and sago flour. The research parameters include durability, density, relative density, organic matter content, dry matter content, and crude protein content of the rice bran pellets. The study’s results indicate that the type of binder significantly affected the durability, relative density, and dry matter content but did not affect the rice bran pellets’ density, organic matter content, or crude protein content. The use of 3% corn flour as a binder shows durability and relative density of pellets that are relatively similar to LignoBond DD. Corn flour has the potential for utilization as a binder with similar qualities to LignoBond DD.
In-vitro digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen free extract from mixture Sorgum mutants BMR (Sorghum bicolor L moench) and Mirasolia diversifolia
Authors: Pazla R , Agustin F , Sriagtula R , Yanti G , Nawawy DFR
Published: May 2024

This research aims aim to obtain a combination of BMR mutant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and Mirasolia diversifolia in vitro based on crude fiber digestibility, crude fat digestibility, nitrogen-free extract digestibility in ruminant rations. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design experimental framework, involving the application of four treatments, each replicated four times. The treatment consisted of A (80% BMR mutant sorghum + 20% M. diversifolia), B (70% BMR mutant sorghum + 30% M. diversifolia), C (60% BMR mutant sorghum + 40% M. diversifolia), D (50% BMR mutant sorghum + 50% M. diversifolia). The study explored various variables, including the digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extracts. The analysis revealed a remarkably significant impact (p < 0.01) of the treatment on the digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extracts. The conclusions that can be drawn from this research suggest that the combination of BMR mutant sorghum and M. diversifolia in vitro was the best in treatment C, with 60% use of BMR mutant sorghum and 40% the use of M. diversifolia with a crude fiber digestibility value of 55.84%, a crude fat digestibility value of 58.47% and a digestibility value of extract material without nitrogen of 57.68%.
Effects of mineral premix feed supplement on immunity of laying white leghorn
Authors: Untari H D , Wibawa H , Susilaningrum S , Ariyadi B , Dono N D , Kurniawati A , Hanim C
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study is to ascertain how White Leghorn laying eggs are affected by supplemental organic mineral premixes on their immune systems. 72 White Leghorn laying hens that were 3 weeks old and had not received the avian influenza (AI) vaccine were used in this study. Three treatment groups were created from the samples. Each treatment in the study consisted of eight hens that were grown for 42 days in three duplicates. A control group (PM-0), which received commercial feed without any added mineral premix, a PM-0.25 group, which received commercial feed with a 0.25% mineral premix, and a PM-0.50 group, which received commercial feed with a 0.50% mineral premix, were the three groups that received the experimental treatments. Immunity, with an emphasis on hematology and lymphoid organ weight, was measured in this study. The acquired data were analyzed using analysis of variance in a one-way design. The proportion of eosinophils in the blood hematology profile indicated a significant difference, with the maximum value recorded in the treatment comprising the addition of 0.5% mineral premix (3.4%) and the lowest value observed in the control treatment (0.5%). There were no statistically significant differences in lymphocyte, monocyte, or heterophil percentages across the three treatment groups. There was no discernible effect of the substances on thymus and spleen weights or percentage weights. As a result, the inclusion of mineral premix in animal feed at a maximum concentration of 0.50% did not trigger the immune response but effectively maintained the eosinophil level within the established acceptable range.
The substitution of Arenga pinnata with Saccharum officinarium Linn in the manufacturing process of apple vinegar probiotics
Authors: Amizar R , Efendi A R , Zulkarnain  , Wizna
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the impact of substituting Arenga pinnata (palm sugar) with Saccharum officinarium Linn (sugar cane) and replacing lime with vinegar in producing apple vinegar probiotics for poultry. The experimental design employed in this study was a complete randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments (A: palm sugar and lime, B: palm sugar and vinegar, C: sugar cane and lime, D: sugar cane and vinegar), each with five replicates. The parameters assessed included the total colonies of Acetobacter and Saccharomyces and the pH levels in the apple vinegar solution. The study revealed that the treatment had a significant effect (P>0.01) on pH levels, while the growth of Acetobacter and Saccharomyces colonies during probiotic fermentation of apple vinegar was not statistically significant (P<0.05). From the research findings, it can be concluded that Saccharum officinarium Linn (sugar cane) and vinegar can successfully replace Arenga pinnata (palm sugar) and lime in producing apple vinegar probiotics. The optimal treatment identified was Saccharum officinarium Linn (sugar cane) and vinegar, resulting in Acetobacter colonies of 108.8 x 107 CFU/mL, Saccharomyces colonies of 30.93 x 107 CFU/mL, and a pH level of 3.74.
Dry Season Biomass Production of Leucaena lecocephala cv Tarramba at 4 months regrowth and from Several Longer Regrowth Plants on Sandy Vertisol Soil at Naibonat, West Timor-Indonesia
Authors: Kana Hau D , Nulik J , Dami Dato T O , Basuki T , Matitaputty P R
Published: May 2024

The following paper is a continuation of the previous experiment on the wet season forage production of Leucaena leucocephala cv Tarramba already published. In the recent continuing experiment, measurements were conducted on two 4 months cutting intervals during the 2021 dry season and some additional data were also included from the measurements of biomass production of 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months plant stands to provide more complete information on edible forage and wood production. Data recorded included: leaf production, stem skin (bark) production, stem production, stem diameter, and plant height. With the current model (6,264 plants), the 1 year (2021) edible biomass can support 5 bulls at the first 2 months interval (January to February), and 2 bulls at the second two months interval (March to April), during the wet season. While at the first 4 months interval in 2021 during the dry season (May to August) the model can support 1.8 bulls, and about 2.5 bulls during the second 4 months cutting interval (September to December 2021). If the density is applied to 1 ha with 20.000 plants it may support 6-16 fattening bulls according to the season at biomass production.
Response of sea grapes (Caulerpa sp.) in diets on laying hens performance and egg quality
Authors: Sulistiawati D , Hafsah  , Damayanti A P , Rizal A
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of dietary sea grapes (Caulerpa sp.) on laying hen performance and egg quality. Forty strain Lohmann layers of 56 weeks of age were randomly divided into five treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replicates, and each replicate used two chickens. The dietary treatments were assigned to the control group (T0 0% Caulerpa sp., T1 0.5% Caulerpa sp., T2 1% Caulerpa sp., T3 1.5% Caulerpa sp., and T4 2% Caulerpa sp.). The treatment diets were comprised of iso energy (2,900 ME kcal/kg) and iso protein (18%). Feed and drinking water were available ad libitum. Twenty hundred eggs were collected to measure the external and internal egg quality. The data collected included egg production (laying rate), egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), external egg quality (weight eggs, shell thickness), and internal egg quality (eggshell component, albumen height, yolk height, yolk color, and yolk antioxidant). A complete experiment was studied in four weeks. After analyzing the data statistically using a one-way ANOVA, we proceeded with the Tukey test to further examine the results. The results showed that dietary Caulerpa sp. until the 2% level did not affect laying hen performance or egg quality; however, 1.5% Caulerpa sp. reduced FCR and had high antioxidant activity.
Mapping Bali cattle breeding centers (Case study: South Konawe, Indonesia)
Authors: Abadi M , Nafiu L O , Saili T , Yunus L , Iswandi R M , Rianda L , Pagala M A , Alwi L O , Sani L O A
Published: May 2024

Breeding as part of the program to fulfill food from livestock needs to be organized carefully, especially in the breeding of local Indonesian livestock. Local livestock breeding can be cooperated with the private sector by strengthening supervision of the quality of seeds produced through certification or can also be implemented by forming a People’s Livestock Breeding Center that will multiply certified livestock seeds. This study aims to analyze and map the Village Breeding Center area in Tinanggea District, South Konawe Regency. There are only a few studies conducted to map the Village Breeding Center area in a Balinese cattle breeding area in Indonesia. The analysis method used was descriptive qualitative based on the technical guidelines for determining and managing seedling source areas based on Geographic Information System (GIS). This research was conducted in Tinanggea District of South Konawe Regency by mapping and determining the Village Breeding Center area in 13 villages and 11 supporting villages. In the end, the Village Breeding Center area will become a subcenter (main and supporting) in Tinanggea District as a Balinese cattle breeding area in meeting the needs of seedlings within the area and outside the area based on smallholder farming.
Strategy for the development of dairy farming in kampung susu lawu in sarangan village, plaosan district, magetan regency
Authors: Purnomo S H , Sari A I , Rahayu E T , Emawati S , Dewanti R
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the livestock profile and development strategy for dairy farming in Kampung Susu Lawu in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency. This research was conducted in May-June 2023. The method used to determine the location and take samples was purposive sampling with 60 dairy cattle farmers as respondents who are members of the Livestock Group of Kampung Susu Lawu in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency, East Java. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats). The results of this study indicate that the dairy farming business incorporated in Kampung Susu Lawu is a small-scale community farm which is managed intensively. There are several business development strategies including SO, ST, WO and WT strategies. SO strategy by optimizing the productive age of human resources, ST strategy by strengthening the position of livestock groups and increasing efficiency in the use of production facilities, WO strategy by providing knowledge about marketing management, WT strategy by providing knowledge about pricing of dairy products. The quadrant position shown is quadrant II (0.11, -0.13) which indicates a business that has advanced but is facing challenges in trying or is in the ST quadrant. The strategy adopted is strategy diversification, meaning that it is necessary to form many tactical strategies or backup plans. The conclusion of this study is that the dairy farming business of Kampung Susu Lawu is managed intensively, oriented towards livestock business as a business, and has the potential to be developed based on SWOT analysis on quadrant 2 strategies, namely by making various strategies, maintaining strengths and minimizing these threats, such as strengthening the position of farmer-livestock groups by providing assistance, training and counseling, as well as increasing the efficiency of the use of production facilities.
Profit Analysis of Laying Ducks Farming Surrounding Tondano Lake, North Sulawesi-Indonesia
Authors: Kalangi L S , Lombogia S O B , Pandey J
Published: May 2024

Duck is one of the poultry commodities. It produces meat and eggs, which is beneficial to satisfy the needs for animal protein and economic value in increasing family income. Meanwhile, conch can increase the productivity of duck eggs, and it is a relatively cheap source of feed, and widely available in Lake Tondano. The research aims to describe the laying ducks farming and analyze the advantages of laying ducks farming surrounding Lake Tondano, North Sulawesi. The research was conducted in April-June 2023. It used a purposive sampling method to determine the respondents. The general raising system was the same, such as grazing, but it had differences in capital, production costs, revenue, and profits between farmers. The 1st type of laying ducks farming using ready-laying ducks was more profitable (R/C = 1.59) than the 2nd type of laying ducks farming using day-old-ducks (R/C = 1.48). However, this benefit would be greater if the expensed labor was waived.
Foot-mouth disease outbreak and vaccination among beef breeders: a case study in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Lestari V S , Rahardja D P , Sirajuddin S N , Yuliati F N , Nurlaelah S , Saadah  , Abdullahi A B
Published: May 2024

When it comes to animals, particularly beef cattle, with even nails, foot and mouth disease (FMD) is contagious. The goal of this study was to determine how knowledgeable beef breeders were about FMD outbreaks and immunizations. Since Bone Regency is the first-order provider of cattle in the province of South Sulawesi, this study was carried out in the Libureng subdistrict, Bone Regency, in 2023. Cattle farmers made up the entire population. Purposive sampling was used to determine a sample of 48 breeders. Using a questionnaire, data were collected through observation and interviews. Mean and percentage were used in the descriptive analysis of the data. The study’s findings revealed that cattle breeders had heard of FMD (41/85.42%), the cattle had FMD (9/18.75%), and the cattle had FMD vaccinations in the previous year (21/50.00%), cattle farmers immunize their cattle annually (35/72.92%), immunization can prevent FMD outbreaks in livestock (44/91.67%), cattle farmers were willing to pay for the FMD vaccine (42/87.5%), the FMD outbreak increases the number of livestock after vaccination (87.50%) and purchasing livestock could spread disease (18.75%).
Factors influencing consumers decision to online repurchase fresh meat
Authors: Putri B R T , Dewi N M A K , Hellyward J , Sutama I N. S.
Published: May 2024

After the Covid-19 pandemic, technological advancements have altered the mechanisms for online purchases. The presence of digital platforms today enables sellers and buyers to conduct transactions not limited by space or time. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing consumers’ decision for repurchasing fresh meat online. This research was conducted from May until June 2022 using observation and survey methods. The sample was housewives living in Denpasar City and Badung Regency, Bali Province. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, with the criteria of having a smartphone and history of purchasing fresh meat online. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires prepared in advance using a Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed by multiple linear regression. The results showed that trust and efficiency factors influenced online fresh meat repurchases with a significant level of 5% (p<0.05). At the same time, product quality, ease of transaction, and service quality had an effect with a significant level of 1% (p< 0.01). It indicates that trust, product quality, ease of transaction, service, and efficiency influence consumers’ decision to repurchase fresh meat online.
Characteristics of swiftlet houses on the plains and hills and their contribution to regional development for export development. Case study: Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: Dewi A K , Ali M S S , Fahmid I M , Baco S
Published: May 2024

Swiftlet bird nests (SBN) have a high selling value for export because they are beneficial for health treatment and are a food ingredient. The sustainability of SBN exports is influenced by the quality of SBN production in swiftlet houses. Banten Province is a producer and supplier of SBN for export and local markets because the SBN produced here is good quality. This study aims to analyze 1) the characteristics of swiftlet houses on plains and hills and 2) the contribution of swiftlet houses to regional development. This study uses a qualitative method with a comparative case study approach. The results showed that 1) There were differences in the characteristics of swiftlet houses located on the plains and hills, namely the geographic location, agro climate, swiftlet house design, food vegetation, and SBN quality; 2) Swiftlet houses contribute to regional development as an opportunity for business and employment in managing swiftlet houses and SBN, as well as SBN quarantine monitoring for export. SBN production is higher in swiftlet houses with suitable habitat and environmental conditions. To increase the sustainability of SBN production, the government and business actors collaborate to preserve the environment and maintain the sustainability of swiftlet houses.
The influence of the performance of livestock farming groups on the development of government assisted livestock populations in Lima Puluh Kota District
Authors: Madarisa F , Putra R A , Novarista N
Published: May 2024

This research is motivated by the increasingly vital role of farmer groups. The government stipulates that almost all assistance is provided through group mechanisms. This study aims to: (1) indentify farmer groups performance, (2) determine livestock population development, (3) determine the effect of farmer groups performance on livestock population development. This research was conducted in November-December 2022 in livestock farmer groups receiving government assistance in Lima Puluh Kota District in 2018-2022. The research areas were Harau and Payakumbuh sub-districts. The data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively based on the government guideline for assessing the ability of farmer group classes issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture’s Agricultural Human Resources Development and Extension Agency 2018 and to identify the effect of using analytical methods product moment correlation. The results showed that: (1) The average performance of farming groups was in a poor position, namely with a value of 213.1 or being in the beginner class category, (2) The development of the livestock population with government assistance in farmer groups was an increase of 3.6% a year, (3) Farmer groups performance has not have a significant effect on the development of the livestock population in Lima Puluh Kota District.
The impact of marketing mix on rendang products customer loyalty in the new normal era
Authors: Edwin T , Hellyward J , Wati R , Rastosari A , Utami Y
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of marketing mix (product, place, price, and promotion) on customer loyalty in the rendang business. This research was conducted at PT Asal Seiya Sekata (ASESE), in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Respondents used in this study were 99 people. Data were analyzed through inferential statistics using multiple linear regression formulas. The data were processed using SPSS.27. The results showed a significant effect, where the marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion influenced consumer loyalty by 55.3%, and factors outside the factors studied influenced the other 44.7%. Products significantly affect customer loyalty to ASESE rendang because the taste of rendang has become the main attraction for customers to be loyal to ASESE rendang products. These results will contribute to understanding the factors that affect the purchasing behavior and customer loyalty of rendang products, especially ASESE’s rendang business.
Profit analysis of native chicken farming business in Kakas District, Regency of Minahasa, Indonesia
Authors: Wantasen E , Umboh S J K , Leke J R
Published: May 2024

The study aims to determine the profit of farmers from native chicken farming businesses and some influencing factors in Kakas District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The research site was in Kayuwatu Village and Tounelet Village, Kakas District. The sample of this research was selected purposively, while the data collection technique was conducted in April – May 2023. Further, the study employed a survey method with interview techniques for 60 farmers, using a list of questions. The obtained data was tabulated and analyzed to obtain the total profit. Then, the data were analyzed using the unit output price of profit function (UOP-PF) technique with a regression analysis model. The results of the study show that the total profit from selling native chickens which was an average of 68 chickens per farmer was IDR 2,742,127.60 per year. Based on multiple regression analysis, the coefficient of determination was 0.583, which meant that native chickens’ business profits could be explained by the cost variable of chicken purchasing, corn feed, bran, drug and vitamin, labor, and electricity of 58.3%. Meanwhile, the remaining 41.7% was caused by other factors that were not included in the regression model. The partial test analysis demonstrated that the variable cost of chicken purchasing, electricity, and corn feed had significantly affected the profit of native chicken business (p<0.05), while the factors of bran feed, medicine or vitamin, and labor costs had not a significant effect on the profit of native chickens
Shaping the spatial correlations of entangled photon pairs
Authors: Cameron Patrick , Courme Baptiste , Faccio Daniele , Defienne Hugo
Published: May 2024

Quantum imaging enhances imaging systems performance, potentially surpassing fundamental limits such as noise and resolution. However, these schemes have limitations and are still a long way from replacing classical techniques. Therefore, there is a strong focus on improving the practicality of quantum imaging methods, with the goal of finding real-world applications. With this in mind, in this tutorial we describe how the concepts of classical light shaping can be applied to imaging schemes based on entangled photon pairs. We detail two basic experimental configurations in which a spatial light modulator is used to shape the spatial correlations of a photon pair state and highlight the key differences between this and classical shaping. We then showcase two recent examples that expand on these concepts to perform aberration and scattering correction with photon pairs. We include specific details on the key steps of these experiments, with the goal that this can be used as a guide for building photon-pair-based imaging and shaping experiments.
Narrative Identity and Generativity
Authors: Villar Feliciano
Published: May 2024

This chapter aims to describe the way the generative experience is embodied in stories people tell about themselves, and to what extent the narrative approach has been used and has contributed to a better comprehension of generativity. To do so, firstly it examines the concept of narrative identity, that is, the way in which narratives have a key role in the definition of people, to the point of conceiving someone’s identity as a story that ties together their experience and gives them continuity and purpose. Secondly, it describes how such narrative identities include stories related to experiences of generativity. In this respect, the chapter discusses research studying how people include generative themes in their personal stories, and finally it examines to what extent there is a cultural script of a generative life, what its features are, and how it relates with other master narratives concerning gender or age.