bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Functional Analysis of EPOR+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Human Osteosarcoma Lung Metastasis
Authors: Li Yanxing , Li Ming , Wei Rong , Wu Junlong
Published: August 2020

Background. Tissue-resident macrophages can be educated to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) by the tumor microenvironment and many types of macrophages express erythropoietic receptor (EPOR); However, little is known about the expression of EPOR on TAMs and the identity of EPOR+ TAMs in osteosarcoma lung metastasis has thus far remained elusive. Methods. EPOR-eGFPcre mice were used to determine the expression of EPOR on lung tissue-resident macrophages. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot were examined to define the identity of EPOR+ TAMs in 106 osteosarcoma lung metastasis specimens. Moreover, the clinicopathologic factors and prognosis of patients with CD163+EPOR+ macrophages were compared. Results. We found that a subpopulation of mouse lung tissue-resident macrophages express EPOR and EPO enhances the proliferation of EPOR+ macrophages in mouse lung. A subpopulation of CD163+ macrophages expresses EPOR in human osteosarcoma lung metastasis specimens. CD163+EPOR+TAMs increase 2.5 times in human osteosarcoma lung metastasis tissues; CD206, CD163, and PD1, which are known to have a significant role in TAM function had high expression in CD163+EPOR+ TAMs compared with CD163+EPOR- TAMs. Furthermore, CD163+EPOR+ TAMs had higher M2 marker and cytokine expression in osteosarcoma tissues compared with para-osteosarcoma tissues. EPO enhanced the expression of M2 cytokines in primary CD163+EPOR+ TAMs. Importantly, the percentage of CD163+EPOR+ TAMs had a positive linear association with malignant phenotypes as well as poor disease-free survival and overall survival time. Conclusions. We have characterized TAMs expressing EPOR and CD163+EPOR+ macrophages as TAMs in osteosarcoma lung metastasis patients, which are highly associated with tumor aggressiveness.
Modified One-Parameter Liu Estimator for the Linear Regression Model
Authors: Lukman Adewale F. , Kibria B. M. Golam , Ayinde Kayode , Jegede Segun L.
Published: August 2020

Motivated by the ridge regression (Hoerl and Kennard, 1970) and Liu (1993) estimators, this paper proposes a modified Liu estimator to solve the multicollinearity problem for the linear regression model. This modification places this estimator in the class of the ridge and Liu estimators with a single biasing parameter. Theoretical comparisons, real-life application, and simulation results show that it consistently dominates the usual Liu estimator. Under some conditions, it performs better than the ridge regression estimators in the smaller MSE sense. Two real-life data are analyzed to illustrate the findings of the paper and the performances of the estimators assessed by MSE and the mean squared prediction error. The application result agrees with the theoretical and simulation results.
Hemodialysis Adequacy and Its Impact on Long-Term Patient Survival in Demographically, Socially, and Culturally Homogeneous Patients
Authors: Hekmat Reza
Published: August 2020

Background. Impact of hemodialysis adequacy on patient survival is extensively studied. The current study compares the survival of chronic hemodialyzed, undocumented, uninsured, Afghan immigrant patients with that of a group of insured Iranian patients matched for underlying disease, age, weight, level of education, marital status, income, and number of comorbid conditions.Methods. Eighty chronic hemodialysis patients (mean age 42.8 ± 10.5 years) entered this historical cohort study in Mashhad, Iran, between January 2012 and January 2015. Half of the patients were undocumented, uninsured, Afghan immigrants (Group A) matched with forty insured Iranian patients (Group B). To compare the survival rate of the two patient groups, Kaplan–Meir survival analysis test was used.Results. Group A patients were underdialyzed with a weeklyKt/Vwhich was significantly less in comparison with that of Group B (1.63 ± 0.63 versus 2.54 ± 0.12,pvalue = 0.01). While Group A’s number of hemodialysis sessions per week was fewer than that of Group B (1.45 ± 0.56 versus 2.8 ± 0.41,pvalue = 0.04), the mean ofKt/Vin each hemodialysis session was higher in them, in comparison with Group B (1.43 ± 0.25 versus 1.3 ± 0.07,pvalue = 0.045). In Group B and Group A patients, one-year survival was 70% versus 50%, two-year survival was 55% versus 30%, and three-year survival was 40% versus 20%, respectively (pvalues = 0.04, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). In Cox regression analysis, hemodialysis adequacy and uninsurance were factors impacting patients’ survival (OR = 1.193 and 0.333, respectively).Conclusions. Undocumented, uninsured, inadequately hemodialyzed, Afghan patients had a significantly lower one-, two-, and three-year survival as opposed to their Iranian counterparts, probably due to lack of insurance.
Fast Spectral Correlation Based on Sparse Representation Self-Learning Dictionary and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Du Wenliao
Published: August 2020

Rolling element bearing and gear are the typical supporting or rotating parts in mechanical equipment, and it has important economy and security to realize their quick and accurate fault detection. As one kind of powerful cyclostationarity signal analyzing method, spectral correlation (SC) could identify the impulsive characteristic component buried in the vibration signals of rotating machinery effectively. However, the fault feature such as impulsive characteristic component is often interfered by other background noise, and the situation is serious especially in early weak fault stage. Besides, the traditional SC method has a drawback of low computation efficiency which hinders its wide application to some extent. To address the above problems, an impulsive feature-enhanced method which combines fast spectral correlation (FSC) with sparse representation self-learning dictionary is proposed in the paper. Firstly, the sparse representation self-learning dictionary method-K-means singular value decomposition (KSVD) is improved and the improved KSVD (IKSVD) method is used to denoise the original signal, and the periodic impulses are highlighted. Then, the FSC algorithm is applied on the denoised signal and spectral correlation image could be obtained. Finally, the calculated enhanced envelope spectrum (EES) of the denoised signal is obtained by using the spectral correlation image to identify the accurate fault position. The feasibility and superiority of the proposed method is verified through simulation, experiment, and engineering application.
BI-3406, a Potent and Selective SOS1–KRAS Interaction Inhibitor, Is Effective in KRAS-Driven Cancers through Combined MEK Inhibition
Authors: Hofmann Marco H. , Gmachl Michael , Ramharter Juergen , Savarese Fabio , Gerlach Daniel , Marszalek Joseph R. , Sanderson Michael P. , Kessler Dirk , Trapani Francesca , Arnhof Heribert , Rumpel Klaus , Botesteanu Dana-Adriana , Ettmayer Peter , Gerstberger Thomas , Kofink Christiane , Wunberg Tobias , Zoephel Andreas , Fu Szu-Chin , Teh Jessica L. , Böttcher Jark , Pototschnig Nikolai , Schachinger Franziska , Schipany Katharina , Lieb Simone , Vellano Christopher P. , O'Connell Jonathan C. , Mendes Rachel L. , Moll Jurgen , Petronczki Mark , Heffernan Timothy P. , Pearson Mark , McConnell Darryl B. , Kraut Norbert
Published: August 2020

KRAS is the most frequently mutated driver of pancreatic, colorectal, and non–small cell lung cancers. Direct KRAS blockade has proved challenging, and inhibition of a key downstream effector pathway, the RAF–MEK–ERK cascade, has shown limited success because of activation of feedback networks that keep the pathway in check. We hypothesized that inhibiting SOS1, a KRAS activator and important feedback node, represents an effective approach to treat KRAS-driven cancers. We report the discovery of a highly potent, selective, and orally bioavailable small-molecule SOS1 inhibitor, BI-3406, that binds to the catalytic domain of SOS1, thereby preventing the interaction with KRAS. BI-3406 reduces formation of GTP-loaded RAS and limits cellular proliferation of a broad range of KRAS-driven cancers. Importantly, BI-3406 attenuates feedback reactivation induced by MEK inhibitors and thereby enhances sensitivity of KRAS-dependent cancers to MEK inhibition. Combined SOS1 and MEK inhibition represents a novel and effective therapeutic concept to address KRAS-driven tumors.

Significance:

To date, there are no effective targeted pan-KRAS therapies. In-depth characterization of BI-3406 activity and identification of MEK inhibitors as effective combination partners provide an attractive therapeutic concept for the majority of KRAS-mutant cancers, including those fueled by the most prevalent mutant KRAS oncoproteins, G12D, G12V, G12C, and G13D.

See related commentary by Zhao et al., p. 17.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Extramedullary Acute Myeloid Leukemia of the Renal Pelvis: Insights into a Visceral Niche
Authors: Patel Shyam A. , Bledsoe Jacob R. , Gordon Jeffrey , Cerny Jan
Published: August 2020

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a stem cell malignancy that originates in the bone marrow and involves the peripheral blood. Extramedullary AML is rarer, but it is most commonly associated with the former French-American-British (FAB) subtypes M4 or M5 of AML. AML cells may also home to the central nervous system and other solid organs such as cortical bone and skin. Such target sites of metastasis depend on microenvironmental niche interactions, which have not been fully elucidated to date. Visceral organs usually do not represent a favorable niche for AML stem cell occupancy. Herein, we describe the case of an 80-year-old man with extramedullary AML involvement of the renal pelvis. Hypercalcemia and obstructive uropathy were presenting features. The visceral niche is a rare site of involvement of myeloid malignancy, and hypercalcemia may reflect a mechanism of extramedullary involvement. We propose a treatment paradigm for this uncommon subset of AML based on advanced age and complex karyotype.
Increased Serum Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Decreased Levels of Arginine in Sudanese Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Gamil Sahar , Erdmann Jeanette , Schwedhelm Edzard , Bakheit Khalid Hussein , Abdalrahman Ihab B.B. , Mohamed Abdelrahim O.
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Essential hypertension (EH) is a disease caused by various environmental and genetic factors. Nitric oxide (NO) is important for the functional integrity of the endothelium. It is produced in endothelial cells by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) that mediates the conversion of the amino acid arginine into NO and citrulline. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) acts as an inhibitor of eNOS. In contrast, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has no direct effect on eNOS but plays an important role competing with arginine for transport across the amino acid transporter. ADMA and SDMA have been found to play a central role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Serum ADMA levels may serve as a future diagnostic marker and a target of therapy in hypertensive patients in the Sudanese population. This study aimed to investigate the relation between serum arginine, ADMA, and SDMA levels with EH in the Sudanese population. Methods: Patients (n = 260) with established hypertension and controls (n = 144) with normal blood pressure were included in this case-control study. Serum blood samples were analyzed for arginine, ADMA, and SDMA, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Other laboratory data were measured using routine methods. Mann-Whitney’s U test and χ2 tests were used for continuous and categorical data, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the independent effect of multiple variables on the development of hypertension. Results: Serum arginine levels were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (p < 0.001). ADMA and SDMA levels were significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only older age, being a male, and arginine levels are independent factors controlling the development of hypertension (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.046, respectively). ADMA and SDMA levels were not independent factors for the development of hypertension. Conclusions: This study demonstrated increased serum levels of ADMA and SDMA and decreased arginine levels in Sudanese patients with EH. Lowering serum ADMA levels or increasing the arginine levels might be a novel therapeutic target in these individuals.
Effects of Vibration Training in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Koczulla Andreas Rembert , Boeselt Tobias , Koelpin Janina , Kaufhold Fabian , Veith Martina , Nell Christoph , Jarosch Inga , Spielmanns Marc , Alter Peter , Kähler Christian , Greulich Timm , Vogelmeier Claus F. , Glöckl Rainer , Schneeberger Tessa , Kenn Klaus , Kahn Nicolas Carlos , Herth Felix J.F. , Kreuter Michael
Published: August 2020

Background: Numerous studies have reported positive effects of exercise training in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) on physical capacity and quality of life. However, evidence is rare on the effects of specific forms of training and further pathophysiological mechanisms in these patients. Objectives: In this multicenter study we aimed to explore the clinical effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) in patients with ILD on various outcome measures, including proinflammatory cytokines and myostatin. Methods: We randomly assigned 26 patients with different forms of multidisciplinary confirmed fibrotic ILDs either to the WBVT group (n = 11; 55% male, 61 ± 14 years old, forced vital capacity 83.2 ± 29.3% predicted, 6-min walking distance [6MWD] 478 ± 79 m) performing 3 months of a standardized training (3 times per week), or to a control training group (CTG, n = 15; 60% male, 63 ± 9 years old, FVC 74.6 ± 20.5% predicted, 6MWD 455 ± 85 m) performing sham WBV training. Training in the two groups was performed on a GalileoTM vibration plate (6–20 vs. 5 Hz). The functional assessments before and after the intervention period included pulmonary function, 6MWD test, chair rise test, ultrasonographic measurement of quadriceps muscle thickness (cross-sectional area), quality of life questionnaires, and serum samples. Results: We observed a significant increase in 6MWD (∆Training = 30 m [12–67], p = 0.024) and a decrease of myostatin (∆Training = –465 pg/mL [–713 to –166], p = 0.008) in the WBVT group. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the CTG. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that WBVT is able to significantly increase 6MWD and decrease myostatin in patients with fibrotic ILDs. Therefore, WBVT seems to be a beneficial and feasible training modality in ILD patients. Clinical Trial Registry: German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00012930).
Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Ataxia Can Affect Prognosis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Liapi Aikaterini , Sarivalasis Apostolos
Published: August 2020

The reported case is a 61-year-old woman, admitted for gradual onset of gait disturbances and dysphonia. The serum immunological panel revealed anti-Yo autoantibodies, suggestive of a paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS). A PET-CT revealed a suspicious left ovarian mass with retroperitoneal nodal involvement, and the histological assessment of surgical samples confirmed a FIGO IIIC high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Deemed inoperable at first, the patient was treated by carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy, after which she refused surgical debulking. At the end of her systemic treatment, the patient only experienced a transient improvement of the cerebellar ataxia. Despite the suboptimal oncological treatment, the patient still presents stable disease and is free of progression 7 years from her diagnosis. This case study illustrates the favorable effect of PNS occurrence on oncological outcome in a patient with advanced HGSOC. The absence of recurrence despite the presence of residual disease after the systemic treatment is unusual and could be related to the PNS.
How to Be Savvy About Gender Disparities in Academic Stroke Medicine
Authors: Pikula Aleksandra , Catanese Luciana , Bushnell Cheryl D. , Caso Valeria , Silver Julie K.
Published: August 2020

In the past decade, stroke medicine has evolved from discovery of innovative diagnostic tools to implementation of new treatments. These advances are projected to increase the demand for stroke neurologists in academic and clinical practices, but hopefully with equitable opportunities for everyone across the gender spectrum. Academic medicine provides opportunities to participate in clinical care, teaching, research, and administration. The early career stage is short-focused on finding an academic niche and developing new skills that will help you navigate the academic environment. A recent InterSECT article emphasized the critical role of women’s leadership in stroke medicine. In this article, we reflect on workforce gender disparities and provide 5 practical strategies that may help women overcome barriers and advance their work mission.
White Matter Abnormalities in Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Jun Lee Sung , Son Kim Min , Jang Sung Ho
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:

We investigated white matter abnormalities in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage following aneurysmal rupture, by using tract-based spatial statistics.

Methods:

Sixteen patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were recruited. Voxel-wise statistical analysis of fractional anisotropy data was performed by using tract-based spatial statistics as implemented in the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library. We calculated mean fractional anisotropy values across the tract skeleton and within 48 regions of interest based on the intersections between the fractional anisotropy skeleton and the probabilistic Johns Hopkins University white matter atlases.

Results:

Comparing the patient and control groups, the fractional anisotropy values of 44 regions of interest among the 48 regions of interest showed significant differences (
P
<0.05). However, significant differences were not observed in the remaining 4 regions of interest (both retrolenticular parts of the internal capsule, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the right superior corona radiata;
P
>0.05).

Conclusions:

By undertaking tract-based spatial statistics analysis, we detected wide-ranging white matter abnormalities in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Registration:

URL:
http://www.e-irb.com/index.jsp
. Unique identifier: 2019-06-032.
Early Brain Imaging Shows Increased Severity of Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Escalard Simon , Chalumeau Vanessa , Escalard Clément , Redjem Hocine , Delvoye François , Hébert Solène , Smajda Stanislas , Ciccio Gabriele , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Mazighi Mikael , Blanc Raphael , Maïer Benjamin , Piotin Michel
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:

Reports are emerging regarding the association of acute ischemic strokes with large vessel occlusion and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While a higher severity of these patients could be expected from the addition of both respiratory and neurological injury, COVID-19 patients with strokes can present with mild or none respiratory symptoms. We aimed to compare anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes severity between patients with and without COVID-19.

Methods:

We performed a comparative cohort study between patients with COVID-19 who had anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging within 3 hours from onset, in our institution during the 6 first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak and a control group admitted during the same calendar period in 2019.

Results:

Twelve COVID-19 patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging were included during the study period and compared with 34 control patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging in 2019. Patients in the COVID-19 group were younger (
P
=0.032) and had a history of diabetes mellitus more frequently (
P
=0.039). Patients did not significantly differ on initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale nor time from onset to imaging (
P
=0.18 and
P
=0.6, respectively). Patients with COVID-19 had more severe strokes than patients without COVID-19, with a significantly lower clot burden score (median: 6.5 versus 8,
P
=0.016), higher rate of multivessel occlusion (50% versus 8.8%,
P
=0.005), lower DWI-ASPECTS (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging–Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores; median: 5 versus 8,
P
=0.006), and higher infarct core volume (median: 58 versus 6 mL,
P
=0.004). Successful recanalization rate was similar in both groups (
P
=0.767). In-hospital mortality was higher in the COVID-19 patients’ group (41.7% versus 11.8%,
P
=0.025).

Conclusions:

Early brain imaging showed higher severity large vessel occlusion strokes in patients with COVID-19. Given the massive number of infected patients, concerns should be raised about the coming neurovascular impact of the pandemic worldwide.
A synopsis of Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) in Roraima state, northern Brazil

Authors: RODRIGUES RODRIGO SCHÜTZ , BARTSCH GLEICEANNY ROSAS , FLORES ANDRÉIA SILVA
Published: August 2020

Byrsonima is the second largest genus of Malpighiaceae with approximately 130 species, of which ca. 100 species occur in Brazil. Despite its economic and ecological importance, the genus has not been comprehensively studied in Roraima, the northernmost state in Brazil. Here we present a taxonomic synopsis for the species of Byrsonima from Roraima, with an identification key, illustrations, and comments on morphology, habitat, and geographical distribution. Of the 19 species occurring in Roraima, three are recorded for the first time for the state (B. arthropoda, B. densa, and B. fernandezii). Also, one species is endemic (B. delicatula, recently described), and two (B. chalcophylla and B. schomburgkiana) occur in Brazil only in the state of Roraima.
Description of the previously unknown sexes in four West African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) with new data on their distribution
Authors: SÁFIÁN SZABOLCS
Published: August 2020

Several new butterfly species in the family Lycaenidae were found during recent field surveys in Liberia. Amongst these, quite a few were collected as singletons or in small series, represented by only one of the sexes. This paper describes and illustrates the previously unknown sexes of four of those species which were subsequently found, adding new locality records to their known distribution.
Two new species of Sinacroneuria Yang & Yang, 1995 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Guizhou, southwestern China
Authors: HUO QING-BO , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: August 2020

Two new species of Sinacroneuria, S. huzhengkuni Du & Huo and S. lii Huo & Du from Guizhou Province of southwestern China are described including color images.
A new species of the genus Podothrips Hood­­ (Thysanoptera; Phlaeothripidae) from Thailand
Authors: MINOURA KAZUSHIGE , MASUMOTO MASAMI
Published: August 2020

Podothrips etsukoae sp. n. is described based on specimens collected from bamboo at Bangkok, Thailand.
Features of Measuring Low CO Concentrations in N2-Containing Mixtures at Different Temperatures Using Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Petrov Dmitry V.
Published: August 2020

Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool for combustion processes optimization, due to the possibility of rapid determination of the exhaust gases composition. An important gas component in this task is carbon monoxide whose emission limits vary from 100 to 200 parts per million (ppm), depending on the heat generator technology. However, for the correct determination of its concentration from the sample Raman spectrum, it is necessary to take into account the contribution of nitrogen lines intensity due to their mutual overlap. This paper discusses a technique for deriving carbon monoxide intensity based on fitting the nitrogen spectrum at various temperatures. It is shown that ignoring the Herman–Wallis factors in the fitting procedure lead to an additional measurement error, which increases with temperature and exceeds 350 ppm at T = 1800 K.
Articulatory Variability is Reduced by Repetition and Predictability
Authors: Tomaschek Fabian , Arnold Denis , Sering Konstantin , Tucker Benjamin V. , van Rij Jacoline , Ramscar Michael
Published: August 2020

Repeating the movements associated with activities such as drawing or sports typically leads to improvements in kinematic behavior: these movements become faster, smoother, and exhibit less variation. Likewise, practice has also been shown to lead to faster and smoother movement trajectories in speech articulation. However, little is known about its effect on articulatory variability. To address this, we investigate the extent to which repetition and predictability influence the articulation of the frequent German word “sie” [zi] (they). We find that articulatory variability is proportional to speaking rate and the duration of [zi], and that overall variability decreases as [zi] is repeated during the experiment. Lower variability is also observed as the conditional probability of [zi] increases, and the greatest reduction in variability occurs during the execution of the vocalic target of [i]. These results indicate that practice can produce observable differences in the articulation of even the most common gestures used in speech.
Reducing work-related burnout among police officers: The impact of job rewards and health-oriented leadership
Authors: Santa Maria Andreas , Wolter Christine , Gusy Burkhard , Kleiber Dieter , Renneberg Babette
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study was to examine if work effort is associated with burnout among police officers and if job rewards and healthoriented leadership can mitigate the potential adverse effects of high work effort on officers’ mental health. Data were collected in a German police department (n = 573). The results indicated that high work effort was associated with higher levels of burnout while job rewards and health-oriented leadership were associated with lower levels of burnout. Additionally, health-oriented leadership buffered the effects of work effort on police officers’ burnout levels while job rewards showed no buffering effect. The results emphasize the importance of leadership for health promotion in policing.
Quality of life and social support: Perspectives of Saudi Arabian stroke survivors
Authors: Alshahrani Abdulrahman M
Published: August 2020

Given that stroke is an indispensable health burden in Saudi Arabia and around the world, great importance has been attached on studies of social support and other factors that could improve the quality of life of stroke survivors. Perceptions of quality of life and social support may vary depending on patients’ cultural and societal background. This research assessed the quality of life and social support of community-dwelling Saudis who survived stroke. A quantitative study was performed among 123 Saudi stroke survivors. Questionnaire-guided interviews measuring social support and quality of life were performed, and the multivariate effects of predictor variables on the four domains of quality of life were determined through multivariate multiple regression analysis. Among the dimensions of social support, support from family members had the highest average, whereas support from friends had the lowest. The environmental domain of quality of life was perceived to be the best aspect, whereas physical health was perceived to be the poorest. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, employment status, monthly family income, type of community, education, type of stroke, side of stroke and support from significant others had multivariate influences on the domains of quality of life. Several sociodemographic and disease-related variables and social support influence patients’ quality of life. The study adds critical knowledge as to how Arab stroke survivors perceive their quality of life and social support. Ensuring that stroke survivors receive adequate social support is imperative because it can improve their quality of life.
Primary Closure With Posteriorly Based Lateral Tongue Flap Reconstruction After Transoral Videolaryngoscopic Surgery for Tonsil Cancer
Authors: Fujiwara Kazunori , Koyama Satoshi , Fukuhara Takahiro , Donishi Ryohei , Morisaki Tsuyoshi , Kataoka Hideyuki , Takauchi Hiromi
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Transoral surgery for head and neck cancer provides excellent oncologic outcomes while preserving speech and swallowing function. When neck dissection and resection of oropharynx are performed concomitantly, there is a risk of creating a communication defect or developing a pharyngocutaneous fistula. To prevent pharyngocutaneous fistula, we performed the reconstruction using a posteriorly based lateral tongue flap for communication defect.

Patient:

A 72-year-old male with oropharyngeal cancer (tonsil cancer) T2N1M0 underwent concomitant transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery and neck dissection. The lateral wall of the oropharynx was resected with the pharynx constrictor muscle and parapharyngeal fat due to infiltration of the parapharyngeal space by the tonsil cancer. The posteriorly based lateral tongue flap was used to close the perforation. There was no leakage to the neck postoperatively. The patient had no problem with phonation or oral intake and remained free of disease at 12 months after treatment.

Conclusion:

For a small defect confined to the oropharyngeal lateral wall, the posteriorly based lateral tongue flap should be considered as a useful option for reconstruction of the oropharynx without impairment of posterior function.
Feasibility of oscillating and pulsed gradient diffusion MRI to assess neonatal hypoxia-ischemia on clinical systems
Authors: Gao Fusheng , Shen Xiaoxia , Zhang Hongxi , Ba Ruicheng , Ma Xiaolu , Lai Can , Zhang Jiangyang , Zhang Yi , Wu Dan
Published: August 2020

Diffusion-time- ( td) dependent diffusion MRI (dMRI) extends our ability to characterize brain microstructure by measuring dMRI signals at varying td. The use of oscillating gradient (OG) is essential for accessing short td but is technically challenging on clinical MRI systems. This study aims to investigate the clinical feasibility and value of td-dependent dMRI in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Eighteen HIE neonates and six normal term-born neonates were scanned on a 3 T scanner, with OG-dMRI at an oscillating frequency of 33 Hz (equivalent td ≈ 7.5 ms) and pulsed gradient (PG)-dMRI at a td of 82.8 ms and b-value of 700 s/mm2. The td-dependence, as quantified by the difference in apparent diffusivity coefficients between OG- and PG-dMRI (ΔADC), was observed in the normal neonatal brains, and the ΔADC was higher in the subcortical white matter than the deep grey matter. In HIE neonates with severe and moderate injury, ΔADC significantly increased in the basal ganglia (BG) compared to the controls (23.7% and 10.6%, respectively). In contrast, the conventional PG-ADC showed a 12.6% reduction only in the severe HIE group. White matter edema regions also demonstrated increased ΔADC, where PG-ADC did not show apparent changes. Our result demonstrated that td-dependent dMRI provided high sensitivity in detecting moderate-to-severe HIE.
MiR-17-92 enriched exosomes derived from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells enhance axon-myelin remodeling and motor electrophysiological recovery after stroke
Authors: Xin Hongqi , Liu Zhongwu , Buller Benjamin , Li Yanfeng , Golembieski William , Gan Xinling , Wang Fengjie , Lu Mei , Ali Meser M , Zhang Zheng G , Chopp Michael
Published: August 2020

MiR-17-92 cluster enriched exosomes derived from multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) increase functional recovery after stroke. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying this recovery. At 24 h (h) post transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, rats received control liposomes or exosomes derived from MSCs infected with pre-miR-17-92 expression lentivirus (Exo-miR-17-92+) or control lentivirus (Exo-Con) intravenously. Compared to the liposomes, exosomes significantly reduced the intracortical microstimulation threshold current of the contralateral cortex for evoking impaired forelimb movements (day 21), increased the neurite and myelin density in the ischemic boundary area, and contralesional axonal sprouting into the caudal forelimb area of ipsilateral side and in the denervated spinal cord (day 28), respectively. The Exo-miR-17-92+ further enhanced axon-myelin remodeling and electrophysiological recovery compared with the EXO-Con. Ex vivo cultured rat brain slice data showed that myelin and neuronal fiber density were significantly increased by Exo-miR-17-92+, while significantly inhibited by application of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors. Our studies suggest that the miR-17-92 cluster enriched MSC exosomes enhanced neuro-functional recovery of stroke may be attributed to an increase of axonal extension and myelination, and this enhanced axon-myelin remodeling may be mediated in part via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway induced by the downregulation of PTEN.
Assessment of native liver fibrosis using ultrasound elastography and serological fibrosis indices in children with biliary atresia after the Kasai procedure
Authors: Hwang Jisun , Yoon Hee Mang , Kim Kyung Mo , Oh Seak Hee , Namgoong Jung-Man , Kim Dae Yeon , Cho Young Ah
Published: August 2020

Background

Validated non-invasive examinations are necessary to monitor liver fibrosis in children with biliary atresia (BA) after the Kasai procedure.

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), transient elastography (TE), and the serologic biomarkers of aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score for evaluating native liver fibrosis in children with BA.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed same-day 2D-SWE and TE liver stiffness (LS) measurements of 63 patients with BA who underwent the Kasai procedure. The APRI and FIB-4 score were computed. Hepatic fibrosis was categorized into three clinical categories based on the ultrasound (US) hepatic morphology and clinical manifestations of liver cirrhosis: I, pre-cirrhotic liver state (n = 15); II, US and/or clinical signs of liver cirrhosis with compensated liver function (n = 27); and III, liver cirrhosis with decompensated liver function (n = 21). We compared area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) data among 2D-SWE, TE, APRI, and FIB-4 score. Combined evaluation of serologic fibrosis indices and US elastography was conducted and AUCs of combinations were analyzed.

Results

2D-SWE, TE, APRI, and FIB-4 score showed good to excellent diagnostic accuracy for differentiating clinical categories (AUCs 0.779–0.955). AUC values were significantly increased after adding TE to FIB-4 score for detecting liver cirrhosis ( P = 0.02).

Conclusion

2D-SWE, TE, APRI, and FIB-4 score are accurate non-invasive markers for monitoring native liver fibrosis in patients with BA. Combined use of serologic markers and US elastography could yield more accurate diagnoses of liver fibrosis than serologic markers alone.
The Severity of Acute Pancreatitis According to Modified Balthazar Classification in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Konur Sevki , Ozkahraman Adnan , Surmeli Neslihan , Gunduz Ihsan , Iliklerden Umit Haluk , Dertli Ramazan , Kayar Yusuf
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Although acute pancreatitis (AP) is a self-limited disease under supportive and medical treatment, it can have life-threatening potential in some patients. Results of studies reporting outcomes of AP-associated pancreatic malignancy are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC)–related AP by modified Balthazar score.

Methods:

A total of 354 patients hospitalized and followed up in our clinic between 2013 and 2019 were included in the study. Demographic data of all patients were recorded. The etiology of all cases was determined. According to the etiology, the cases were divided into 2 groups: AP related to pancreatic malignancy and AP due to nonmalignant causes. The patients underwent computed tomography of the abdomen within the first 12 hours of admission and after 3 to 7 days. Patients were evaluated and classified by modified Balthazar classification.

Results:

Malignancy-related AP was detected in 18 (5.1%) patients. A total of 336 cases (94.9%) were related to nonmalignant causes. There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of AP in both groups at admission and after 3 days ( p > 0.05). The changes (regression, progression, or no change) in the disease severity at the first and the subsequent imaging were examined. There was no significant relationship between the 2 groups ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

AP may be the clinical manifestation of PC or PC may induce AP in various ways. It was shown that the underlying malignancy did not adversely affect the severity and course of AP.
Making science international: Chilean journals and communities in the world of science
Authors: Koch Tomás , Vanderstraeten Raf , Ayala Ricardo
Published: August 2020

Drawing on the evolution of socio-geographical imaginaries of scholarly journals published in Chile, this article provides a picture of the socio-historical trajectories of internationalization of scholarly journals and communities in that part of the (semi-)periphery of science. In order to break with the presentism of many contemporary discussions, the analysis covers a relatively long period of time, from the end of the nineteenth century until the first decades of the twenty-first century. However, based on an inductive analysis of the journals, the article particularly focuses on the rise of nationalist and regionalist orientations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the intensification of the pressures for internationalization in more recent decades. Building on the findings, the article concludes highlighting key elements and making some general observations on the internationalization processes in the semi-periphery of science.
Exploring preferred and actual lighting levels for reading for adults with visual impairment at a center for the blind
Authors: Nastasi Julie
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Light plays a crucial role in facilitating or hindering participation in reading. The purpose of this study is to examine the preferred lighting and actual lighting levels for reading for adults with visual impairment at a center for the blind.

Method

This mixed-methods study gathered reading acuity level and lighting preferences for reading for 18 adults with visual impairment. The researcher used the Warren Text Card to measure reading acuity, and participants identified the preferred lighting level for reading on the LuxIQ 2. A Lighting Inventory was used to record lighting at the site.

Findings

Preferred lighting levels varied for adults with visual impairment. Preferred lux ranged from 250–5000 and kelvin ranged from 3000–6500 degrees. Reading acuity significantly improved (<.01) with increased lighting ( t = 3.441). The actual lighting levels at the center did not meet preferred lighting levels for reading.

Conclusion

Adults with visual impairment preferred increased levels of lighting for reading. As desired levels varied across participants, recommending customized lighting for each individual is optimal. Occupational therapists ideally should evaluate lighting and educate clients on how to increase lighting levels to the preferred level of lighting for reading to optimize reading performance.
Differential Nuptiality and Fertility in the Länder of the Austrian Empire (1828–1865)
Authors: Rossi Fiorenzo , Barbiera Irene
Published: August 2020

We examine different aspects of nuptiality and fertility in the Länder of the Austrian Empire using the Tafeln zur Statistik der Österreichischen Monarchie (Statistical Tables of the Austrian Monarchy). This source, published from 1829 to 1871, contains data on population and natural movement. After discussing its quality, we study marriage and birth rates, and also age at wedding, illegitimacy ratio, and marital fertility. We find meaningful differences between the regions of Empire: low and late nuptiality in some central Länder, which generally have consequences for birth rates. The frequency of illegitimacy and marital fertility rates are also examined for the 15 Länder.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging UTE-T2* Mapping of Tendon Healing After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Xie Yuxue , Liu Shaohua , Qu Jianxun , Wu Puye , Tao Hongyue , Chen Shuang
Published: August 2020

Background:

Quantitative ultrashort echo time–T2* (UTE-T2*) mapping shows promise for the detection of potential tendon biochemical conditions, while validation against established clinical studies in the shoulder is needed.

Purpose:

To evaluate and characterize the healing process of the repaired rotator cuff based on longitudinal changes in UTE-T2* values, clinical outcomes, and repair status in patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Patients with ARCR (n = 25) underwent quantitative MRI and clinical examinations at serial follow-up time points: 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Age-matched healthy controls (n = 15) were evaluated at 3 and 12 months after enrollment. Clinical scores included the Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, and Fudan University Shoulder score, and visual analog scale for pain. The MRI examination included UTE-T2*mapping. UTE-T2* maps were generated for T2* values at the healing site. Sugaya classification was adopted to evaluate the repair status. Longitudinal analyses of clinical outcomes, UTE-T2* changes, and Sugaya classification were conducted.

Results:

The overall retear rate was 8% (2/25, all Sugaya type IV). All patients (including the ones with retear) achieved satisfactory outcomes at 12 months that lasted to 24 months on the basis of clinical scores. The mean UTE-T2* values at the healing site showed an increase from 3 to 6 months ( P = .03) and then decreased to a level similar to that observed in age-matched healthy tendons at 12 months ( P = .1). No significant differences were found between UTE-T2* values at 12 and 24 months ( P = .6). UTE-T2* values at the healing site significantly varied with the repair status according to Sugaya classification ( P < .05). Moreover, significant correlations were noted between clinical scores and UTE-T2* values at 6 months ( r = −0.6 to −0.3; all P < .05) and 12 months ( r = −0.6 to −0.2; all P < .05).

Conclusion:

This study indicated a healing-related relationship between clinical outcomes and quantitative UTE-T2* values, which highlights the potential of using UTE-T2* mapping to track the tendon-healing process noninvasively. Moreover, the repaired tendon was comparable to age-matched healthy controls at 12-month follow-up based on UTE-T2* values.
Employee Financial Wellness Programs: Promising New Benefit for Frontline Workers?
Authors: Despard Mathieu R. , Frank-Miller Ellen , Zeng Yingying , Fox-Dichter Sophia , Germain Geraldine , Grinstein-Weiss Michal , Covington Meredith
Published: August 2020

Interest among employers is growing in employee financial wellness programs (EFWPs), a new type of benefit to address financial stress among employees. EFWP benefits include financial counseling, small-dollar loans, and savings programs that address employees’ nonretirement financial needs. Little evidence exists concerning the availability and use of and outcomes associated with EFWPs, especially among low- and moderate-income (LMI) workers who may be in the greatest need of these benefits. We present findings concerning awareness and use of EFWPs from a national survey of LMI workers ( N = 16,650). Availability of different EFWP benefits ranged from 11 to 15% and over a third of workers were unaware of whether their employer offered an EFWP. Experiencing financial difficulties predicted both EFWP awareness and use suggesting that employers should take time to assess employees’ specific financial challenges to select benefits. Yet, use of EFWPs by LMI workers may suggest the need for better compensation and work conditions.
Shadow operations in wildlife trade under China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Wong Rebecca W. Y.
Published: August 2020

Minimal attention has been given to the ways in which the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) interacts with the informal economy. Drawing on fieldwork investigations and published reports, this article shows how the BRI interacts with the informal economy of illegal wildlife trade in tiger parts and pangolins. It also examines the part played by the practice of land-grabbing in this interaction. The article seeks to make three theoretical contributions. First, it unveils the shadow networks that operate in tandem with formal economic trade. Second, it demonstrates how the economic interdependence of states allows illicit wildlife traders to carve out governance spaces in which they impose their own managerial systems, thus making prosecution of underground wildlife businesses difficult. Third, it concludes that those responsible for the BRI should be mindful of the effect it can have on the environment, particularly on the survival of local wildlife.
Acupressure for labor pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Yao , Xiang Xiang-Yin , Chin Kien Howe Robert , Gao Jing , Wu Junmei , Lao Lixing , Chen Haiyong
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy/effectiveness of acupressure as an adjunct to standard procedures during labor and delivery, compared with standard procedures with/without sham acupressure, in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:

Ten main databases were searched from their inception until 31 January 2018. Two reviewers independently extracted data concerning the effects of acupressure on pain intensity, labor duration, mode of delivery, use of medications and adverse events. A meta-analysis of these measures was performed using RevMan 5.3. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) for the above outcomes were estimated with a fixed or random effects model, according to the heterogeneity.

Results:

A total of 13 RCTs including 1586 enrolled patients met the eligibility criteria. Acupressure plus standard procedures (ASP) for labor management significantly reduced pain sensation, compared with sham acupressure plus standard procedures (SASP) and standard procedures (SP) alone. The analgesic effect of acupressure was immediate and persisted for at least 60 min (all p < 0.01). Compared with the untreated control groups, the acupressure group had a shorter duration of labor, especially the first stage of labor (SMD = −0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.10 to −0.43; p < 0.001; I2 = 74%) and second stage of labor (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI = −0.59 to −0.18; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Data suggesting that acupressure reduced the Cesarean section rate was inconclusive. The use of pharmacologic agents (oxytocin and analgesics) did not differ between the ASP, SASP and SP groups. No adverse events were reported in this limited number of studies.

Conclusion:

Moderate evidence indicates that acupressure may have promising effects on labor pain and duration. However, high-quality trials to verify these findings are warranted.