bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suggested rehabilitation exercises in the treatment of partial rupture of the deltoid muscle in the shoulder joint and its impact on the range of motion of the throwing arm for the effectiveness of discus throw
Authors: Khaleel Feryal Sami
Published: April 2024

The rehabilitation process following injuries is crucial and requires careful attention from rehabilitation specialists. Injuries pose significant challenges for athletes, particularly in activities like discus throwing. This study aimed to develop suggested rehabilitative exercises targeted at rehabilitating partial ruptures of the deltoid muscle within the research sample. The researcher employed the experimental method using a one-group design style. The sample comprised four players from Baghdad clubs who had sustained partial deltoid muscle ruptures. The results indicated that the experimental variable played an effective role in the research sample, as evidenced by significant improvements in joint angle measurements across all tests. The proposed rehabilitative exercises proved highly effective in swiftly restoring the normal ranges and flexibility of the deltoid muscle within the shoulder joint among the research sample. Additionally, these exercises demonstrated a positive influence in significantly reducing the rehabilitation period required for recovery, indicating their efficacy in promoting expedited healing and functional restoration.
Organizational affiliation in the absence of financial allocations for members of the Iraqi Olympic sports federations
Authors: Latif Ali Ali Abdul
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the organizational affiliation in the absence of financial allocations for members of the Iraqi Olympic sports federations. The study population consisted of all members of the administrative bodies of the Iraqi Olympic sports federations, who numbered 195 individuals. The participants completed a questionnaire of organizational affiliation, and the data were analyzed with SPSS. It was found that the arithmetic mean of the total score was 3.94 and the standard deviation was 0.54. This indicates that the degree of organizational affiliation in the absence of financial allocations for members of the Iraqi Olympic sports federations is high.
Correlation between momentum and ball speed in shooting movements of female futsal players
Authors: Agustiyanta  , Yudi Gontara Satria , Iqbal Doewes Rumi , Septiandika Adirahma Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to find a correlation between momentum and ball speed in the shooting movements of female futsal players. This study used a correlational research design. Five female futsal players (aged 19) participating in this study performed shooting movements, which were recorded on video for analysis. The shooting movements of female futsal players were analyzed based on swing movements, foot contact with the ball, and body position. Pearson correlation test was used for data analysis. The results showed that the average magnitude of momentum (impact from foot contact with the ball) was 8.14±4.68 Ns and resulted in an average ball speed of 18.51±10.63 m/s. There is a relationship between the amount of momentum and the resulting ball speed (sig < 0.05). The correlation was positive, which shows the direction of a positive relationship so that the greater the momentum, the faster the ball speed. The greatest momentum is 16.49 Ns resulting in the highest ball speed of 37.48 m/s. To generate great momentum and the highest ball speed, the shooting movement is carried out with a backswing flexion angle of 106°, a kicking leg angle of 57°, and a hip and shoulder tilt angle of 14°.
Analysis of economic factors of Iranian professional football
Authors: Seyed Bagheri Seyed Mehdi , Seyed Hosseini Rasool Norouzi , Saffari Marjan , Sharifian Esmail
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to analyze the economic factors of Iranian professional football. The participants comprised experts specializing in football and sports economics. The purposive sampling method was employed to identify participants for the research. A total of 12 individuals were selected as the statistical sample. Data analysis was conducted using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). In the paired comparison questionnaire, participants were asked to assess the relative importance of the economy components. ExpertChoice software was utilized to calculate component weights. The findings revealed that it would be recommendable to depoliticize the football administrative and management system and minimize government interference. Additionally, fostering a tax culture and formulating a provincial tax system tailored to the specific characteristics of football is crucial. Moreover, creating a platform for privatization in football would facilitate free competition.
Analysis of the Influence of Leadership Style, Motivation and Supervision on the Performance of Anara Sky Kualanamu Hotel Employees
Authors: April Jaya Ndraha  , Teguh Wahyono  , Akhmad Taufik
Published: April 2024

Human resources are important assets in a company because they are responsible for running daily operations, ensuring company efficiency and productivity, and creating innovation and business growth. This study aims to determine whether leadership style, motivation and insight affect employee performance partially and simultaneously at Anara Sky Kualanamu Hotel. The approach used in this study is an associative approach. This research was conducted on employees of Anara Sky Kualanamu Hotel, with a total of 44 respondents with testing using SPSS ver 26. The results of this study show that the leadership style variable (X1) has a significant effect on employee performance, the motivation variable (X2) does not have a significant effect on employee performance, the supervisory variable (X3) does not have a significant effect on employee performance, the variables X1 (Leadership Style), X2 (Motivation), X3 (Supervision) simultaneously affect and significant employee performance.
Exploring the feasibility of dimethyl ether (DME) and LPG fuel blend for small diesel engine: A simulation perspective
Authors: Nguyen Thoai Anh , Pham Thi Yen , Le Huu Cuong , Nguyen Van Giao , Nguyen Lan Huong
Published: April 2024

There is a looming global crisis owing to the increase in greenhouse gases and the escalating fossil fuel process.  The issue is further compounded by the ongoing conflicts in different places in the world. Hence, there is an urgent need for a bouquet of alternative fuels suitable to power the incumbent internal combustion engine. Among various options available Dimethyl Ether (DME) is a friendly environment fuel, easy to liquefy, and suitable for use in diesel engines, while Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is another potential alternative fuel suitable for internal combustion engines. The present study is an endeavor to investigate the characteristics of a diesel engine powered with DME-diesel blends as pilot fuel while LPG was used as the main fuel.  During engine testing, different blends of diesel-DME were used containing 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% DME. The AVL Boost software was employed for modeling the engine performance and tailpipe emission. The test fuel combination was successful in running the engine sans any abnormality in sound or performance. The results showed carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were reduced using the test fuel combination while there was a marginal increase in the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) levels. In general, the combination of DME and LPG could be considered as a potential and promising solution to reducing pollutant emissions.
Chinese Language and Culture Pedagogy at the University of Latvia
Authors: Agita Baltgalve
Published: April 2024

The article gives a detailed analysis of Chinese language and culture studies at the Department of Asian Studies of the University of Latvia from the foundation of the department in 1991 and the enrolment of first students in 1993 up to the year 2023. The textis divided in six chapters: institutional history; students and graduates; local teaching staff; guest lecturers and Chinese-speaking language teachers; academic mobility; and research and international cooperation. This is the first in-depth introduction to Latvian Sinology studies in the English language, and its special value lies in the unique perspective of the author (former Sinology student and current associate professor of the Department of Asian Studies) who has witnessed and experienced nearly the entire history of the institutional development. The article combines a historical approach with biographical (at times autobiographical) descriptions, analyses of statistical data, and a personal case study.
Synthesis and Identification of A Novel Fentanyl Analog
Authors: Huang Mengting , Ouyang Yifan , Zhang Binxue , Zheng Zhiye , Rehman Aikebaier
Published: April 2024

In the background of the growing popularity of synthetic opioids in the field of narcotics, this study explores the synthesis and identification of a novel fentanyl analog, trifluoromethyl fentanyl (TFMF). Utilizing advanced analytical techniques for qualitative analysis, such as NMR Spectroscopy, LC and GC-MS. The synthesis process highlights the method starting with N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-piperidone with a final product yield of 53%. Characterization through 1H-NMR reveals the successful incorporation of the trifluoromethyl group into the fentanyl structure. Liquid chromatography and melting point analysis confirms the high purity of the synthesized compound. GC-MS analysis provides essential qualitative data, identifying characteristic ion peaks that uniquely define TFMF. This study adds to existing knowledge of novel fentanyl analogues and highlights the importance of analytical techniques in addressing the opioid crisis.
The diversity of clinical features of depressive disorders and their diagnostic challenges
Authors: Chen Xuyu
Published: April 2024

Depression disorder, a mental illness characterized by persistent low mood, has a variety of symptoms, including emotional, cognitive, physiological and behavioral manifestations. However, the non-specificity of these symptoms, the differences in subjective feelings of patients, the influence of sociocultural factors, and the concealment of patients all pose challenges for the accurate diagnosis of depressive disorders. This paper discusses the clinical characteristics of depressive disorder and the challenges faced in the diagnosis process, and puts forward coping strategies and suggestions, such as detailed medical history inquiry, comprehensive physical examination, the use of standardized rating scales, and the improvement of doctors' cognition and diagnostic ability, so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy of depressive disorder and provide patients with more accurate treatment plans.
Tense and Aspect in Balti Language: Morphological Perspective
Authors: Maryam Farvah , Niazi Salma , Ali Lashari Ajab
Published: April 2024

Pakistan is a multilingual and multicultural country where 72 language diverse languages are used for communication. Gilgit-Baltistan is one of the most well-known northern regions for its stunning natural beauty, distinct landscapes, evergreen forests, snow-capped mountains, and rich cultural heritage. Most of the Gilgit-Baltistan regional languages have been studied historically and culturally, but a few studies address this from a linguistic perspective. Balti language is one of them. Balti is a member of the more extraordinary Tibeto-Burman language family, specifically the Western Tibetan branch of the Tibetan language family. The present study analyses the tense and aspect markers in the Balti language. This study contributes to the regional language of Pakistan and analyzes the language in the morphological domain that is not mostly touched yet; also, studying tense and aspect markers in the Balti language from a morphological perspective is crucial for understanding the language’s nuances within temporal expressions. The present study results show that Balti has a complex system of tense and aspect markers; using the qualitative research design, n= 50 root words (verbs) were collected from the Balti language within the framework of inflectional morphemes of tense markers for this study. Nine markers for tense and some of their aspect, including eḑ, en, s, yoḑ, and yoḑpə: set̪, ʊk, t̪ʊk, and sed̪ʊkt̪ʊk, are identified in the current study. These markers are attached to the corresponding root verbs to indicate the present simple, present progressive, past simple with progressive, future simple, and future participle. The study also develops a deep understanding of various future tense markers as connectors to root words based on the consonant and vowel sounds at the end of root words.
Institutional Practices Towards the Continuous Professional Development of Primary School Teachers
Authors: Ahmed Faraz , Kareem Suhag Abdul
Published: April 2024

This study explores the role of school academic coordinators and their strategies in continuous professional development (CPD) for teachers. This qualitative research adopts a case study approach to gain deep insights into academic coordinators' strategies and challenges regarding effective CPD. Data for this study is collected through semi-structured online interviews from N=09 primary school coordinators from different campuses of private schools in Karachi using criterion sampling techniques. Thematic analysis was carried out from the transcription to find the themes. The study results revealed that barriers to effective implementation include a lack of interest, insufficient resources, and lack of technical skills among trainers. The findings underscore the importance of effective CPD and its implementation, highlighting challenges and suggesting strategies such as regular pre-job and during-the-job systematically interactive CPD training sessions. This study provides a deep understanding of the CPD model for curriculum developers, school coordinators, school teachers, and school management to elevate the standard of education in their schools by adopting a practical CPD approach.
Examining the Securitization of Muslim Immigrants in France Under the Anti-Separatist Act of President Emmanuel Macron
Authors: Astira Meylan Zhara
Published: April 2024

The entrance of Muslim immigrants in France in search of employment gave rise to the problem of Muslim immigration in France. The French government initially welcomed the entrance of Muslim immigrants because it required laborers to complete post-war reconstruction. Due to the growing immigrant Muslim population, these individuals have gathered, constructed mosques, established Islamic organizations, and formed groupings. increasing the visibility of Muslim identity. This is viewed as an outsized challenge to Islamic ideology in terms of French secularist philosophy. The attack on the WTO building, which worsened the already negative perception of Muslims, made this situation worse. In addition, President Macron manipulates the debate over Muslim immigration to further his political agenda. Macron enacted anti-separatist laws and anti-immigrant policies, which further marginalized Muslim immigrants. Macron became a securitization actor and actively declared that Islam was a radical, terrorist, and separatist religion to further his interests. The overwhelmingly Islamophobic French society endorses Macron's remarks. Thus, by embracing Macron's proposal, the problem of Muslim immigration has reached the securitized point, at which point the government must address the problem by enacting anti-separatist legislation.
Efektivitas Serapan Jagung Lokal Oleh Pabrik Pakan di Indonesia
Authors: Ibnu Dwi Santoso  , Zulmasyhur Zulmasyhur
Published: April 2024

The uptake of local corn by feed factories nationally in corn production and demand between regions is uneven, which creates corn shortages, so information services are needed for business actors. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of local corn uptake by feed factories nationally using descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the research show that the local corn uptake information service in the Sijagung application from the five dimensions of Campbell's service effectiveness, namely service success, target success, satisfaction with service, level of input and output and achievement of overall goals is considered less effective because there is no updated data information, does not provide information projection data as corn absorption data required by feed factories nationally. To achieve the effectiveness of corn uptake information services by feed factories through the Sijagung application, it needs to be strengthened with a service integration dimension used to measure the extent to which the presentation of local corn uptake data nationally can be integrated with harvest condition data so that it can display projection data for Business Actors in making decisions to carry out purchase.
NURTURING INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY FOR BUSINESS SUCCESS.
Authors: Patil Rohit
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the role of Creativity and innovations are indispensable elements in the modern business environment, serving as catalysts for growth, adaptation, and competitive advantage. This abstract delves into the dynamic relationship between creativity and innovation within the business context, highlighting their pivotal roles in shaping organizational success. Creativity, characterized by the generation of novel and valuable ideas, lays the foundation for innovation—the process by which these ideas are translated into tangible and marketable solutions. Businesses that foster a culture of creativity empower employees to think beyond conventional boundaries, fostering an environment where diverse perspectives converge to ignite innovation. This abstract explores the interconnected nature of these concepts, emphasizing the need for organizations to embrace risk-taking, encourage cross-disciplinary collaboration, and prioritize a customer-centric approach. By understanding and leveraging the synergies between creativity and innovation, businesses can navigate the challenges of a rapidly evolving landscape and position themselves as trailblazers in their respective industries. This exploration underscores the transformative power of creativity and innovation, portraying them not merely as business strategies but as essential drivers of sustained success and relevance in an ever-changing world. By setting and achieving creativity and innovation objectives, businesses can position themselves as dynamic and adaptive entities, capable of navigating change, staying ahead of the competition, and delivering sustained value to customers and stakeholders
APPLICATION OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY.
Authors: Yarnal Dr. Ashwini A. , Patil Reena
Published: April 2024

With more than 44.7million businesses, the small and medium-sized business sector is one of the fastest-growing industries. About 40% of the overall industrial output comes from it. In comparison to other industries, MSME employs a sizable fraction of the workforce and offers enormous employment opportunities. However, the natural environment is negatively impacted by the industrialization's rapid rise. The pace of environmental contamination is rising along with the rate of industrialization. Environmental degradation is the result of this environmental pollution. Environmental degradation indirectly impacts organizational sustainability. Effective management and reduction of pollution are essential to enhance sustainability. Consequently, a decrease in pollution levels can contribute to organizational sustainability, providing a competitive advantage. The implementation of Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) practices is crucial in controlling pollution resulting from extensive industrialization. Pollution free technologies, methods, and practices adopted through Green HRM can lower the effluence rate. Examples include transitioning to paperless work, online training and development, and online recruiting and selection. These measures contribute to reducing air, water, and environmental pollution, ultimately boosting organizational sustainability and effectiveness as a competitive advantage. This article aims to investigate the causes of environmental pollution caused by rapid industrialization and suggest solutions, focusing on the effective execution of green HRM practice and the resulting competitive advantage
A case control study on maternal complications of teenage pregnancy in Nepal
Authors: Mahato Sweta , Younjan Sanjeev
Published: April 2024

Background: WHO defines Teenage pregnancy as pregnancy in a female under the age of 20. Pregnant teenagers face many of the same pregnancy related issues as other women with additional concerns for  as they are less likely to be physically developed to sustain a healthy pregnancy or to give birth. For girls aged 15–19, risks are associated with socioeconomic factors along with the biological effects of age. Risk of premature labor, anemia, and pre-eclampsia are observed more in teen births compared to women of optimum reproductive age group. This study is an attempt to know the prevalence of maternal complications of teenage mothers so as for appropriate management and early recognition can be done in future.
Objectives: To compare the maternal complications of teenage pregnancies with those of normal pregnancies.
Methods: A case control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Nepal. A total of 75 (case) i.e. teenage pregnancy and 75 (control) i.e. women with optimal age group were studied. This was a hospital-based study and the data were collected during 5th January 2018 to 5th January 2019. The preformed proforma was used for history taking and examination of all participants. Only those participants who gave written consent were included in the study. Odds Ratio and its 95% CI was calculated by using conditional logistic regression. P-value of<0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: Most of the teens were in their first pregnancy with mean age 17 years. This study concluded that maternal complications were higher in teenage pregnancy (40%Vs 15%). The maternal complications like Hypertensive Disorders (OR= 2.65, 95%CI :1.07-6.54, P=0.031), Anaemia (OR= 2.07, 95%CI:1.07-4.02, P=0.031), Preterm Labour (OR= 2.28, 95%CI:1.15-4.52, P=0.017) and PPH (OR =2.49, 95%CI:1.04-5.94, P=0.04) were associated with teenage pregnancy respectively.
Conclusion: Teenage pregnancies are at the increased risk of maternal complications like hypertensive disorders, anaemia, preterm labour, and PPH. The complications are even higher in developing countries like ours where there are limited health resources and restrictive marriage laws. Therefore, an adequate antenatal visit for early detection and timely management will reduce the maternal complications during teenage pregnancy. Similarly, proper marriage laws should be implicated to prevent teenage pregnancies.
Spatial association of socio-economic status and prevalence of Tuberculosis in Nepal, 2019
Authors: Sharma Vijay , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Mahato Roshan Kumar , Sornlorm Kittipong
Published: April 2024

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease which is one of the major causes of poor health and the leading cause of death around the world. Nepal is a developing country which is still fighting against poverty and many communicable diseases including TB. Although many studies have explored the TB and its associated factors, there are very rare studies addressing the spatial association of TB with associated factors.
Objectives:  This study aims to find out the spatial association of socio-economic status and prevalence of tuberculosis in Nepal in the year 2019.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by utilizing the data set available from National Tuberculosis Control Center Nepal in the year 2019 and other associated factors from different sources. A Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) were used to identify the spatial autocorrelation between TB and associated factors in Nepal.
Results: The results indicated the spatial autocorrelation between TB and socio-economic factors in Nepal. Statistically significant factors were; Night Time Light, Land Surface Temperature Day, Land Surface Temperature Night, Population Density, Urban Area, Wall with Cement Stone, Roof with Reinforced Cement Concrete, and Fuel Liquefied Petroleum Gas with Moran’s I value of 0.303, 0.428, 0.430, 0.271, 0.265, 0.433, 0.435 and 0.282.
In the year 2019, the LISA analysis identified the significant positive spatial local autocorrelation of Night Time Light with 8 high-high and 8 low-low districts, Land Surface Temperature Day with 12 high-high and 5 low-low districts, Land Surface Temperature Night with 12 high-high and 5 low-low districts, Population Density with 7 high-high and 8 low-low districts, Urban Area with 7 high-high and 8 low-low districts, Wall with Cement Stone with 11 high-high and 8 low-low districts, Roof with Reinforced Cement Concrete with 10 high-high and 8 low-low districts, like wise  Fuel Liquefied Petroleum Gas with 9 high-high and 8 low-low districts respectively.
Conclusion: There were significant spatial associations between prevalence of tuberculosis and socio-economic status in Nepal in the year 2019, which should be addressed by new policy recommendations to detect the tuberculosis cases and possible associated factors to minimize the burden of TB in significant way.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Its Associated Factors among People Aged 35 Years and Over in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Chumklang Thanabodee , Sakphisutthikul Chutian , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Mahato Roshan Kumar , Thammasarn Krittiyanee
Published: April 2024

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant public health problem. CAD remains the leading cause of death worldwide, estimated 85% occurring in low-income and middle-income countries, and act as the number one cause of death in all ages and from all races. While CAD is a significant cause of death and disability, it is preventable. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with CAD among people aged 35 years and over in Thailand.Methods: The data for this cross-sectional study was extracted from the Health Data Center (HDC) of Thailand's Ministry of Public Health between 2016-2021 were used. The outcome, defined as having CAD diagnosed previously by a physician. This study comprised a total of 128,065 participants who matched the HDC inclusion criteria. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis was used to assess independent factors associated with CAD among people aged 35 years and over.Results: Records of 128,065 participants were included for analysis. The prevalence of CAD among people aged 35 years and over were 30.83% (95%CI=30.57-31.08). In GLMM analysis, being female (Adj.OR=2.57, 95%CI=2.48-2.66), 60 years and higher (Adj.OR=3.22, 95%CI=2.99-3.46), alcohol regularly (Adj.OR=2.74, 95%CI=2.61-2.87), family history of DM (Adj.OR=2.71, 95%CI=2.61-2.82), obesity (≥25 kg/m2) (Adj.OR= 3.62, 95%CI=3.26-4.02), high blood pressure (>140/>90 mmHg) (Adj.OR= 5.34, 95%CI=5.11-5.58), high FBS (≥126 mg/dL) (Adj.OR= 1.53, 95%CI=1.48-1.58), high LDL (>100 mg/dL)(Adj.OR=7.11, 95%CI=6.84-7.38), low HDL (<40 mg/dL) (Adj.OR=3.69, 95%CI=3.55-3.82), eGFR stage 2 (moderate loss of kidney function) (<60 ml/min/ 1.73 m2) (Adj.OR=2.32, 95%CI=2.22-2.42)Conclusion: Results of the present research showed that, there is a significant relationship between modifiable risk factors of CAD. The findings of this study will benefit public sectors or related organizations and policymakers’ developers to develop efficient measures to control factors of CAD among people aged 35 years and over in the country.
Study on hospitalization cost of elderly patients with lung cancer in the Western region of China
Authors: Jiang Nan , Promasatayaprot Vorapoj , Gao Hong Da
Published: April 2024

Background: By collecting the medical record information of hospitalization cost (HC) of the elderly over 60 years, to comprehensively analyze the influencing factors of the rise of HC from the internal and external dimensions, so as to put forward targeted measures and suggestions to control the excessive growth of HC. 
Objectives: to assess the hospitalization cost of elderly patients with lung cancer in the Western region of China
Methods: Taking a tertiary hospital in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, herein after referred to as Guangxi Xi as a sample, the medical record home page data of lung cancer patients over 60 years old from 2012 to 2016 were collected, and the influencing factors of HC were analyzed. Grey Relation Analysis and Structural Variation Degree were used in the analysis of internal influencing factors. Structural Equation Model was used in the analysis of external influencing factors. 
Results: The HC of elderly patients with lung cancer was found to be increased year by year from 2012 to 2016. The structural variation degree of HC from 2015 to 2016 was the largest, which was 12.81%. The Grey Relation analysis results showed that the correlation degrees of medicine cost, examination cost and consumables cost were 1.000, 0.8606 and 0.7559 respectively, which were the main internal factors affecting HC. The structural equation model showed that the length of stay, whether to operate, re-hospitalization plan, the number of complications, occupation and hospitalization frequency had an impact on the HC and their total impact effects were 0.688, 0.428, 0.221, 0.184, 054 and 0.044 respectively. 
Conclusion: The HC of elderly patients with lung cancer are increasing year by year, but the increase rate is reasonable. The cost of medicine and consumable have been solved to a certain extent, while the examination cost still needs to be further controlled. The length of stay is still the main influencing factor, and other factors will indirectly affect the hospitalization cost through this factor.
Spatial association of the incidence of Hand Foot Mouth disease and its related factors in Guizhou province, China 2019 – 2021
Authors: Lixing  , Mahato Roshan Kumar , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Sornlorm Kittipong
Published: April 2024

Background: Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease is a common infectious disease, mainly involve Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A-16 serotypes. In China especially Guizhou province, research and literature related to spatial pattern and its spatial association with the factors were very limited. Therefore, we analyzed the data of population, highway mileage, forest coverage, GDP, air quality, temperature and humidity, medical institutions, and primary schools in 82 counties of Guizhou Province to understand the spatial correlation of incidence rate and its related factors.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the spatial association of incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease and its related factors in Guizhou province, China from 2019 to 2021.
Methods: This study used the global Moran’s I and local Moran I or LISA to analyze the incidence of hand foot mouth disease and the spatial correlation of multiple factors reported in Guizhou province.
Results: This study clearly concluded that the incidence rate of HFMD in children under 6 years old in Guizhou province of China was negatively correlated with forest coverage with Moran’s I of -0.131, -0.117, -0.111 and positively correlated with GDP with 0.091, 0.118, in 2019 and 2020 respectively. However, the correlation between the incidence rate of HFMD and temperature, humidity, the number of primary schools and other factors were not spatially significant.
Conclusion: There was a significant spatial correlation between the incidence rate of HFMD and socio-economic and environmental meteorological factors in Guizhou province. It is suggested to take policy intervention to prevent the large-scale spread of HFMD and reduce the incidence rate and transmission rate of HFMD.
Forecasting the demand of public health professionals at the primary care level at the present and in the next 5 - 10 years in Thailand (2026– 2031)
Authors: Sornlorm Kittipong , Bangchuad Paisan , Boukam Tasanee , Pongpanich Sathirakorn , Pitaksanurat Somsak , Laohasiriwong Wongsa
Published: April 2024

Background: An increase in the number and proportion of senior citizens, chronic diseases including mental illnesses and the incidence of emerging diseases cause the medical and public health workforce to increase the workload. This situation demands influences the public demand and expectations to increase the manpower of the health system.
Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze and forecast the demand for public health professionals at the primary care level in Thailand in the present and the next 5 to 10 years (2026-2031).
Methods: The data was analyzed by using a Health Needs Method and Health Demand Method; all health services provided were in consideration with promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and other public health services.
Results: The study results forecasted the demand of manpower in the health system using the Health Needs Method at the present (2020), revealed the demand of public health professionals with 7,268 individuals, 5,637 nurses, 3,005 dental personnel and 3,942 physical therapists respectively. The forecasting of the demand for manpower at the present using the health demand method revealed that the demand for public health professionals were 3,386 individuals, 2,431 nurses, 4,862 dental personnel, 66,001 physical therapists and 19,171 Thai traditional-medicine personnel. The health system manpower demand forecast in the next 5-10 years (2026 – 2031) using the Health Demand Method found that the demand of public health professionals will be 7,356 - 7,378 individuals, 5,706 - 5,723 nurses, 3,041 - 3,050 dental personnel and 3,990 - 4,002 physical therapists. However, the forecast of the demand for manpower in the health system at the present using the Health Demand Method for the next 5-10 years (2026 – 2031) indicated the demand of public health professionals will be 3,427 - 3,437 individuals, 2,460 - 2,468 nurses, 4,921 - 4,936 dental personnel, 66,799 - 66,999 physical therapists and 19,403 - 19,461 Thai traditional medicine personnel.
Conclusion:     The demand of public health professionals in this study is higher than the standard of the Ministry of Public Health. Therefore, there should be a forecast to support manpower planning to have continuous operations.
Prescribing pattern of antidepressants among patients with depression in a Mental Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Pragya , Shrestha Amrit Lal , Shrestha Puneet , Gainju Bikram , Tripathi Bhawani , Bista Nisha
Published: April 2024

Background: Depression is one of the major mental disorders and on the verge of emergence. Study on rational prescription of antidepressants is important since their inappropriate use may lead to precipitation of depressive symptoms.
Objective: To study prescribing pattern of antidepressants among patients diagnosed with depression and observe its concordance with recommended guidelines.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Mental Hospital Patan, Nepal. All the patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with depression and prescribed at least one antidepressant were enrolled. Records of patients were selected on a daily registration basis from 2018/01/15 to 2018/05/14. Data collection form was designed to record details of eligible patients from the hospital. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 114 records were reviewed. More than half of patients (51.8%) were female. Patients in between age group of 18-27 years were maximum in number (25.4%). It was observed that Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors SSRIs (74%) were the most commonly prescribed antidepressant (escitalopram (33.33%) and fluoxetine (33.33%). The most frequently prescribed dosages for fluoxetine fell within American Psychiatry Association (APA) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) guidelines and specified in the Antidepressant Treatment History Form (ATHF); other antidepressants were found to be prescribed at lower than recommended doses.
Conclusion: Prescribed doses for antidepressants were found to be lower than that recommended by the available guidelines. More studies on understanding the prescribing pattern of antidepressants and literacy among the public on their rational use needs to be conducted in Nepal.
Prevalence and factors associated with limited hypertensive health literacy among Myanmar migrant workers in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Thi Wor Mi , Sornlorm Kittipong
Published: April 2024

Background: Regarding hypertension, limited health literacy was considerably high worldwide. Although hypertensive health literacy in general population was explored by few studies, there was no specific study among Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand.
Objectives: this present study aimed to explore the prevalence of limited hypertensive health literacy and identify the associated factors among Myanmar migrant workers in Northeastern Thailand.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among Myanmar migrant workers with the age between 18 and 59 years in Khon Kaen Province, Northeastern Thailand from June 2023 to August 2023. Multistage random sampling technique was applied to select 406 respondents as sample. A validated and reliable structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis. The association between limited hypertensive health literacy and each statistically significant factor (p-value < 0.05) after controlling other covariates were described by adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI).
Results: Of 406 participants, the overall prevalence of limited hypertensive health literacy was 56.16% (95% CI: 51.18-61.05). Among the participants, 56% were male, and 68% of them were married. Factors associated with limited hypertensive health literacy were pre-hypertension (AOR=1.95, 95% CI:1.18-3.21), primary and below level of education (AOR=2.13, 95% CI:1.28-3.53), ≤48 months duration of stay in Thailand (AOR=2.28, 95% CI:1.47-3.54), average and low level of knowledge (AOR=2.33, 95% CI:1.38-3.94) as well as moderate and poor attitude (AOR=2.27, 95% CI:1.46-3.54).
Conclusion: More than half of the study population had limited hypertensive health literacy. Educational status, duration of stay in Thailand, blood pressure, knowledge and attitude towards hypertension were associated with limited health literacy among Myanmar migrant population. Thus, creating user-friendly resources and health programs for newcomers is essential to mitigate health literacy disparities. Using multidisciplinary approach could be effective in promoting health literacy.
Factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake among the women in Maesot, Tak province, Thailand
Authors: Myint Than , Sakphisutthikul Chutikan , Wor Mi Thi
Published: April 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most significant public health issues in Thailand. The number of women who have had cervical cancer screenings has increased over time; however, if major obstacles are not addressed, it will become challenging to maintain this success.
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the magnitude and factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Maesot, Tak Province, Thailand.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Maesot, Thailand. A structured questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the magnitude of the cervical cancer screening uptake and associated factors. The association was described with an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) at the statistically significant level of p-value < 0.05.
Results: Of the total 422 women, the average age was 38.82 ±8.46 years. Nearly one-fourth of the respondents were Thai nationals. Almost 70% of respondents were married, and 80% were employed. About one-third of respondents had a high school level of education. The magnitude of Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake (CCSU) was 13.27% (95% CI: 10.34-16.86). Age ≥ 40 years (AOR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.05-4.40), Christian and having others religion (AOR=2.19,95% CI:1.08-4.44), married between 26 years to 43 years (AOR= 2.93, 95%CI: 1.45-5.93), having good knowledge of cervical cancer (AOR= 4.70, 95%CI: 2.22-9.72), and having good knowledge of cervical cancer screening program (AOR= 6.58, 95%CI: 2.82-17.77) were significant predictors of cervical cancer screening.
Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening among women in Maesot is lower than that of national coverage of Thailand.  Determining factors for the decision to undergo cervical cancer screening uptake include age, religion, age of marriage, knowledge of cervical cancer and knowledge of cervical cancer screening program. To improve uptake, structured screening programs need to be implemented in collaboration with national partners and institutions to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer in Thailand.
A spatial relationship between density of agricultural land and unmet need for work among elderly in Thailand
Authors: Parkpoom Phot , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Mahato Roshan Kumar , Prasit Nakarin
Published: April 2024

Background: Thailand’s aging society is growing as compared to the youngers because of the decreasing birth rate. The transition to an aging society affects the country’s economic system, employment systems, institutional systems, and families. Less productivity of older workers leads to issues like farm succession problems and elderly unemployment.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the proportion of unmet needs for work among the elderly and the spatial association of the density of agricultural land in Thailand.
Methods: Data set of 2017 Elderly Population Survey of the National Statistical Office and agricultural area information of the National Statistical Office Thailand were used. A Moran's I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association were used to identify the spatial autocorrelation between unmet needs of work among elderly and density of agriculture land in Thailand. Quantum GIS program and Geo Da program were applied to analyse spatial data.
Results: The highest prevalence of unmet needs for work among the elderly in Thailand was in Bueng Kan Province (78.32%) and the lowest was in Lamphun Province (37.20%). Univariate Moran's I analysis showed that there was a concentration of surrounding neighbourhoods with the work needs of the elderly (Hot spot or High-High) in the Samut Prakan Province, and Bueng Kan Province (red area). A high concentration of agricultural land densities with the high unmet work needs of the elderly was found in the Udon Thani and Bueng Kan Province. 
Conclusion: The findings of this study show the positive and statistically significant relationship in Thai population between agricultural land density and unmet work needs among the elderly. Concern agencies can use the results of this study to establish values and social roles for the elderly in Thailand. Furthermore, this study enables policymakers in the agriculture industry to create and implement an acceptable working environment based on the willingness of elderly.
Digital Collection: autistic young people's experiences of education during Covid-19
Authors: Pluquailec Jill
Published: April 2024

This collection compiles the artworks of a class of year 11 autistic school pupils in July 2021 sharing what education has been like for them during the Covid-19 pandemic as part of a broader research project about autistic young people's and families' experiences during this time.
The role of entrepreneurial networks in overcoming export barriers of small and medium-sized enterprises from developing economies
Authors: Mitrašević Lidija
Published: April 2024

The role of entrepreneurial networks in overcoming export barriers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) varies depending on the development level of the domestic institutional environment. So far relevant literature has been dominantly focused on the effects of participation of SMEs from developed economies in different forms of domestic and international entrepreneurial networks. However, in the last two decades, the SMEs from post-transition economies (PTE), namely developing economies, have become more involved in international business which is an important challenge for them because of resource scarcity and a long period of international isolation. Starting from the entrepreneurial perspective of internationalization based on accelerated internationalization models, the paper considers modes, motives, benefits, and obstacles of establishing alternative management structures - SME entrepreneurial networks in institutional discontinuity conditions. The research aim is to indicate the importance of establishing network connections as a modus for overcoming resource and institutional export barriers of SMEs from PTE. The research is based on the analysis and synthesis of relevant literature in the field of international entrepreneurship and network approach to the internationalization of SMEs in the context of PTE. Based on conceptual analysis and the results based on previous research, pragmatic recommendations for export SMEs from PTE regarding the choice of appropriate participation modality in entrepreneurial networks are stated.
Intra- and interspecific diversity in a tropical plant clade alter herbivory and ecosystem resilience
Authors: Grele Ari , Massad Tara J , Uckele Kathryn A , Dyer Lee A , Antonini Yasmine , Braga Laura , Forister Matthew L , Sulca Lidia , Kato Massuo , Lopez Humberto G , Nascimento André R , Parchman Thomas , Simbaña Wilmer R , Smilanich Angela M , Stireman John O , Tepe Eric J , Walla Thomas , Richards Lora A
Published: April 2024

Declines in biodiversity generated by anthropogenic stressors at both species and population levels can alter emergent processes instrumental to ecosystem function and resilience. As such, understanding the role of biodiversity in ecosystem function and its response to climate perturbation is increasingly important, especially in tropical systems where responses to changes in biodiversity are less predictable and more challenging to assess experimentally. Using large-scale transplant experiments conducted at five neotropical sites, we documented the impacts of changes in intraspecific and interspecific plant richness in the genus Piper on insect herbivory, insect richness, and ecosystem resilience to perturbations in water availability. We found that reductions of both intraspecific and interspecific Piper diversity had measurable and site-specific effects on herbivory, herbivorous insect richness, and plant mortality. The responses of these ecosystem-relevant processes to reduced intraspecific Piper richness were often similar in magnitude to the effects of reduced interspecific richness. Increased water availability reduced herbivory by 4.2% overall, and the response of herbivorous insect richness and herbivory to water availability were altered by both intra- and interspecific richness in a site-dependent manner. Our results underscore the role of intraspecific and interspecific richness as foundations of ecosystem function and the importance of community and location-specific contingencies in controlling function in complex tropical systems.