bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pure white cell aplasia an exceptional condition in the immunological conundrum of thymomas: Responses to immunosuppression and literature review
Authors: Céspedes López Roberto , Amutio Díez Elena , Martín Martitegui Xabier , Balerdi Malcorra Amaia , Insunza Oleaga Lucia , Arzuaga‐Méndez Javier , Moreno Gámiz Maite , Saiz Camín Mónica , Aberasturi Plata Yoseba , García‐Ruíz Juan Carlos
Published: May 2022

Thymomas are tumours frequently associated with autoimmune manifestations or immunodeficiencies like Good syndrome. In rare cases, pure white cells aplasia (PWCA) has been described in association with thymomas. PWCA is characterized by agranulocytosis of autoimmune background primary refractory to granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). It is necessary the use of immunosuppressor to allow granulocyte recovery. Without treatment, it could be fatal.
A reliable algorithm for calculating stoichiometry parameters in the hard modeling of spectrophotometric titration data
Authors: Kazmierczak Nathanael P. , Chew Joyce A. , Vander Griend Douglas A.
Published: May 2022

Computation of binding constants from spectrophotometric titration data is a very popular application of chemometric hard modeling. However, the calculated values are misleading if the correct binding model is not used. Given that many supramolecular systems of interest feature unknown speciation, a priori determination of binding stoichiometry constitutes an important unsolved problem in chemometrics. We present a new and reliable algorithm for accomplishing this task, implemented using a hybrid particle swarm optimization technique. Simultaneous optimization of stoichiometry ratios and binding constants allows the optimal binding model to be calculated in just a few minutes for systems with up to four reactions. Simulated data studies demonstrate that the algorithm finds the correct stoichiometry with up to nine reactions in the absence of noise, including accurately determining species with unusual stoichiometry, such as H2G5. Application to four experimental datasets shows the algorithm is robust to experimental errors for a variety of chemical systems and binding models. This algorithm will facilitate the discovery of complex binding models, increase efficiency in titration analysis, and avert incorrect stoichiometry models, thereby improving the reliability of binding constant information in spectrophotometric titrations.
Cesium‐Fluoride‐Promoted Synthesis of Stable Organocesium Reagents and Their Ambident Reactivities with Arynes
Authors: Rather Suhail A. , Athimoolam S. , Naveed Ahmed Qazi
Published: May 2022

Described are the diverse reactivities of novel, stable, ambident thio‐organocesium reagents (bearing electron withdrawing groups) against benzynes. Reactions at reflux temperature predominantly led to the generation of various functionalized stable sulfonium ylides and at 40 °C the same reaction underwent direct c‐arylation. Furthermore, lack of internal hydrogen on the cesium reagent helped to produce different ortho‐bifunctional arynes in both the reactions. Interestingly, depending on the reactivities of substrates, the one‐pot tri‐component procedure generated either ylides or σ‐bond insertion products.
Para‐Fluorination of Anilides Using Electrochemically Generated Hypervalent Iodoarenes
Authors: Berger Michael , Lenhard Marola S. , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: May 2022

The para‐selective fluorination reaction of anilides using electrochemically generated hypervalent ArIF2 is reported, with Et3N ⋅ 5HF serving as fluoride source and as supporting electrolyte. This electrochemical reaction is characterized by a simple set‐up, easy scalability and affords a broad variety of fluorinated anilides from easily accessible anilides in good yields up to 86 %.
Comprehensive molecular profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in FNA, biopsy, and resection specimens
Authors: Razzano Dana , Bouza Soumar J. , Hernandez Patricia V. , Wang Minhua , Robert Marie E. , Walther Zenta , Cai Guoping
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Molecular testing to identify molecular alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been increasingly requested because of potential therapeutic implications. In this study, we compared the performance of PDAC fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), fine‐needle biopsy (FNB), and resection specimens for comprehensive molecular analysis.

METHODS

A next‐generation sequencing–based Oncomine Comprehensive Assay (OCA) was used to analyze molecular alterations in FNA, FNB, or resection specimens. We examined adequacy and success rates for completion of molecular testing and catalogued molecular alterations in these specimen types.

RESULTS

The cohort included 23 FNA, 20 FNB, and 27 resection cases. Gene mutation or amplification analysis was successful in 18 (78%) FNA and 16 (80%) FNB specimens, whereas gene fusion assessment succeeded in 12 (52%) FNA and 12 (60%) FNB samples. All 27 (100%) resection specimens were adequate for complete OCA. There were significant differences in success rates for mutation and amplification analysis between resection and FNA or FNB specimens (P < .01) but not between FNA and FNB samples (P > .05). Manual microdissection was less likely to be performed for FNA specimens than FNB or resection specimens (P < .01). KRAS mutation was the most common mutation identified (90%), followed by mutations in TP53 (64%), CDKN2A (25%), and SMAD4 (15%) genes.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrated similar success rates for comprehensive molecular analysis using FNA and FNB specimens of PDAC, suggesting that FNA material could serve as an alternative source for comprehensive molecular testing. The molecular alterations identified in these specimens may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.;
Retaining Hückel Aromaticity in the Triplet Excited State of Azobenzene
Authors: Swathi Krishna P. E. , Dev Vivek V. , Ramakrishnan Remya , Hariharan Mahesh
Published: May 2022

The implication of the potential concept of aromaticity in the relaxed lowest triplet state of azobenzene, an efficient molecular switch, using elementary aromaticity indices based on magnetic, electronic, and geometric criteria has been discussed. Azobenzene exhibits a major Hückel aromatic character retained in the diradical lowest relaxed triplet state (T1) by virtue of a twisted geometry with partial delocalization of unpaired electrons in the perpendicular p‐orbitals of two nitrogen atoms to the corresponding phenyl rings. The computational analysis has been expanded further to stilbene and N‐diphenylmethanimine for an extensive understanding of the effect of closed‐shell Hückel aromaticity in double‐bond‐linked phenyl rings. Our analysis concluded that stilbene has Hückel aromatic character in the relaxed T1 state and N‐diphenylmethanimine has a considerable Hückel aromaticity in the phenyl ring near the carbon atom while a paramount Baird aromaticity in the phenyl ring near the nitrogen atom of the C=N double bond. The results reveal the application of excited‐state aromaticity as a general tool for the design of molecular switches.
Fungicide Fundamentals and Insurance Applications
Authors: Ernst Matt
Published: May 2022

Last year, in the Corn Belt, rising corn prices fueled producer willingness to make “insurance” fungicide applications to hedge against possible yield losses from foliar disease. Newer disease risks—especially tar spot—also spurred some producers toward a more aggressive spray program. Market realities mean that “insurance” fungicide applications are likely to continue in 2022. But crop costs and returns will change, and CCAs should help their producers keep in mind corn fungicide fundamentals—even when sky‐high prices may impact decision‐making more than disease management fundamentals. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Lipids and Genes: Regulatory roles of lipids in RNA expression
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Han Xianlin , Powell Charles A.
Published: May 2022

Nuclear lipid metabolism and metabolites play important roles in the regulation of lipid‐lipid, lipid‐gene, lipid‐chromatin, lipid‐membrane, and lipid‐protein interactions to maintain the nuclear microenvironment, three‐dimensional chromatin architecture, gene expression and transcription, and biological function. This editorial highlights the value of lipid‐gene in the identification and development of biomarkers and targets and emphasises the significance of interregulation between lipids and genes in the innovation and application of precise therapies for patients. Regulatory functions of nuclear lipid dynamics and biophysics modify transcriptomic expression, and modification (lipotranscriptome) can be a new approach for discovery and development of disease‐specific diagnoses and therapies, although there are several challenges to be overcome. A better understanding of how lipid‐based changes in nuclear functions and transcriptomic profiles modify clinical phenomes will provide new insights to understand the molecular mechanisms of diseases and to develop spatiotemporal molecular medicine diagnostics and therapeutics.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of itch and pain in atopic dermatitis and implications for novel therapeutics
Authors: Kwatra Shawn G , Misery Laurent , Clibborn Claire , Steinhoff Martin
Published: May 2022

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Patients with atopic dermatitis experience inflammatory lesions associated with intense itch and pain, which lead to sleep disturbance and poor mental health and quality of life. We review the molecular mechanisms underlying itch and pain symptoms in atopic dermatitis and discuss the current clinical development of treatments for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis. The molecular pathology of atopic dermatitis includes aberrant immune activation involving significant cross‐talk among the skin and immune and neuronal cells. Exogenous and endogenous triggers modulate stimulation of mediators including cytokine/chemokine expression/release by the skin and immune cells, which causes inflammation, skin barrier disruption, activation and growth of sensory neurons, itch and pain. These complex interactions among cell types are mediated primarily by cytokines, but also involve chemokines, neurotransmitters, lipids, proteases, antimicrobial peptides, agonists of ion channels or various G protein–coupled receptors. Patients with atopic dermatitis have a cytokine profile characterised by abnormal levels of interleukins 4, 12, 13, 18, 22, 31 and 33; thymic stromal lymphopoietin; and interferon gamma. Cytokine receptors mainly signal through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Among emerging novel therapeutics, several Janus kinase inhibitors are being developed for topical or systemic treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis because of their potential to modulate cytokine expression and release. Janus kinase inhibitors lead to changes in gene expression that have favourable effects on local and systemic cytokine release, and probably other mediators, thus successfully modulating molecular mechanisms responsible for itch and pain in atopic dermatitis.
Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Dearomative [3+2] Annulation of 5‐Aminoisoxazoles with Quinone Imine Ketals or Quinone Monoacetals
Authors: Yan Yingkun , Li Min , Liu Min , Huang Min , Cao Lianyi , Li Wenzhe , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: May 2022

Isoxazolines are highly significant for the development of new synthetic methodology and pharmaceutics. Indolines and 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans are also privileged structures in natural products and pharmaceuticals. In continuation of our ongoing research on transformations of 5‐aminoisoxazoles and quinone derivaties, herein we report Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed dearomative [3+2] annulations of 5‐aminoisoxazoles with quinone imine ketals (QIKs) and quinone monoacetals (QMAs). A variety of indoline‐ and 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐fused isoxazolines were afforded in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities (all cases >20 : 1 dr). This method featured mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope, and gram‐scale synthesis.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles from Terminal Vinyl Sulfones in Ionic Liquid: A Metal‐Free Eliminative Azide‐Olefinic Cycloaddition Route to Triazolyl Carbohydrates and Triazole‐linked Bissaccharides
Authors: Sarkar Kumares , Bose Amitabha , Pathak Tanmaya
Published: May 2022

Several terminal vinyl sulfones, derived from styrene epoxide and monomesylated glycerol were reacted with benzylazide in a metal‐free condition to afford regioselectively 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles (1,4‐DTs) via Eliminative Azide‐Olefinic Cycloaddition (EAOC) reactions. The stereoelectronic repulsions between the aryl/alkyl groups attached to the azido and vinyl sulfone functionalities play a significant role in deciding the outcome of the reactions. The N, N‐dimethyl ethanolammonium formate‐water mixture consisting of a biodegradable ionic liquid turned out to be the best solvent system to reduce significantly the reaction time and increase the yield of products in almost all cases. Furthermore, a pair of exocyclic terminal vinyl sulfone‐modified carbohydrates were prepared from protected‐glucofuranoside and ‐allofuranoside. These carbohydrates were reacted under the EAOC conditions with a host of organic azides to afford the corresponding 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole modified carbohydrates. Azido sugars were also reacted with terminal vinyl sulfone modified carbohydrates under similar conditions to afford 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole linked bissacharides. This powerful strategy serves as a potential yet practical route for delivering two carbon unit (required for the C4‐C5 of the 1,2,3‐triazole ring) directly connected to sugar body in place of a sugar alkyne.
By all means necessary: Closed mindedness, ingroup morality, and weapon ownership
Authors: Di Santo Daniela , Pierro Antonio , Ellenberg Molly , Baldner Conrad , Kruglanski Arie W.
Published: May 2022

This research investigated the motivational underpinnings of attitudes towards weapon ownership. We propose that people who have a strong need for closure (NFC) would be more likely to approve of weapon ownership, but that this relationship would be serially mediated by the endorsement of binding moral foundations and fear of immigrants. Specifically, heightened NFC would promote moral concerns for the safety of one's group (i.e., the binding foundations), which, in turn, would trigger fear of immigrants, or the belief that immigrants threaten one's society. In turn, fear of immigrants would generate the approval of defensive means (i.e., weapons). We tested this serial mediation model in three studies with Italian and US samples, where NFC was both measured (Studies 1 and 3; N = 286 and N = 278) and experimentally induced (Study 2; N = 290). The results supported the proposed model. These findings suggest that a high NFC might explain individuals’ approval of weapon ownership through their moral priorities, which heighten their prejudice towards immigrants.
MHD natural convection in a corrugated enclosure with discrete isothermal heating
Authors: Choudhary Pankaj , Ray Rajendra K.
Published: May 2022

In this study, we numerically examine the unsteady two‐dimensional natural convective heat transfer flow problem in a corrugated enclosure containing an electrically conducting fluid whose top wall is nonuniformly heated. The vertical sidewalls of the corrugated enclosure are kept isothermally cold, while square‐shaped undulations at the bottom wall are discretely heated. Five different cases are considered depending upon the location of the heat sources. A higher‐order compact scheme is used to discretize the governing equations, and an advanced iterative solver, like the hybrid biconjugate gradient stabilized method, is used to solve the system of algebraic equations generated by the numerical discretization. We first validate our results with existing experimental and numerically computed results for the case of a square cavity with and without a heat source. Then, the computed results are analyzed over a range of key parameters, like Rayleigh number (), Hartmann number (), and Prandtl number (), to study the effect of these parameters on the characteristics of heat transfer and the flow field in the corrugated enclosure. Computed results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms, local and averaged Nusselt number plots, and so forth. It is found that, with the increase in the heat sources, the convection rate becomes stronger in the core region of the corrugated enclosure at higher Rayleigh numbers. Variations in the Hartmann and Prandtl numbers also have significant effects on the temperature distribution and flow field. Our simulated results show various flow features that have not been studied before.
Numerical analysis of MHD nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a circular porous medium containing a Cassini oval under the influence of the Lorentz and buoyancy forces
Authors: Jalili Bahram , Sadighi Sina , Jalili Payam , Ganji Davood D.
Published: May 2022

This paper reports our study on the flow characteristics and heat transfer performance of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) nanofluid in an innovative porous, circle‐shaped enclosure incorporating a Cassini oval cavity using the Darcy law. The MHD nanofluid considered in this study is Al2O3–H2O. A two‐dimensional (2D) mathematical model is developed based on a homogeneous model. The formulation of the vorticity stream function is then used to obtain coupled equations. Finally, the coupled partial differential equations are solved numerically using the finite element method. Model predictions are then compared against results from the previously published study to verify the accuracy and validity of the developed model, and a good agreement is achieved. Figures demonstrate the effects of nanoparticle volume fraction, inclined angle, Lorentz, and buoyancy forces on the MHD nanofluid flow. The results indicate that the convection mechanism becomes weaker with an increase in solid nanoparticle volume fraction. A significant increase in the Rayleigh number will lead to a stronger and more cohesive core vortex. In addition, when magnetic force is applied horizontally, favorable Nuave occurs. Based on the numerical results, a correlation to predict the average Nusselt number within the enclosure is developed as a function of Hartmann number (Ha), Rayleigh number (Ra), and inclined angle (γ).
Native human collagen type I provides a viable physiologically relevant alternative to xenogeneic sources for tissue engineering applications: A comparative in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Baltazar Tânia , Kajave Nilabh S. , Rodriguez Marco , Chakraborty Srija , Jiang Bo , Skardal Aleksander , Kishore Vipuil , Pober Jordan S. , Albanna Mohammad Z.
Published: May 2022

Xenogeneic sources of collagen type I remain a common choice for regenerative medicine applications due to ease of availability. Human and animal sources have some similarities, but small variations in amino acid composition can influence the physical properties of collagen, cellular response, and tissue remodeling. The goal of this work is to compare human collagen type I‐based hydrogels versus animal‐derived collagen type I‐based hydrogels, generated from commercially available products, for their physico‐chemical properties and for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Specifically, we evaluated whether the native human skin type I collagen could be used in the three most common research applications of this protein: as a substrate for attachment and proliferation of conventional 2D cell culture; as a source of matrix for a 3D cell culture; and as a source of matrix for tissue engineering. Results showed that species and tissue specific variations of collagen sources significantly impact the physical, chemical, and biological properties of collagen hydrogels including gelation kinetics, swelling ratio, collagen fiber morphology, compressive modulus, stability, and metabolic activity of hMSCs. Tumor constructs formulated with human skin collagen showed a differential response to chemotherapy agents compared to rat tail collagen. Human skin collagen performed comparably to rat tail collagen and enabled assembly of perfused human vessels in vivo. Despite differences in collagen manufacturing methods and supplied forms, the results suggest that commercially available human collagen can be used in lieu of xenogeneic sources to create functional scaffolds, but not all sources of human collagen behave similarly. These factors must be considered in the development of 3D tissues for drug screening and regenerative medicine applications.
Diallyl trisulfide plays an antifibrotic role by inhibiting the expression of Bcl‐2 in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Pang Huai , Wang Cuizhe , Ye Jing , Wang Lulu , Zhou Xiaoming , Ge Xiaomeng , Zhang Jun , Liu Qinghua
Published: May 2022

Hepatic fibrosis is an important early stage in the evolution of liver cirrhosis, and specific medicine and therapeutic measures are unavailable to date. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main cells involved in the formation of hepatic fibrosis, and induction of the apoptosis of HSCs is an important strategy for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a natural product and is the main active ingredient in garlic. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying HSC apoptosis induced by DATS are not well understood. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency and mechanism of DATS in hepatic fibrosis. Different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μM) of DATS were used to treat HSCs. Changes in cell morphology and formation of apoptotic bodies were observed under an inverted microscope and an electric microscope. Bcl‐2 signaling involving Bax, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐6, Caspase‐8, Caspase‐9, p53, Apaf‐1, and Cyto‐c in fibrosis were examined, which is a critical step in the evaluation of antihepatic fibrosis agents. We also evaluated the effect of DATS on the cellular morphology of HSCs and apoptosis‐related factors under different Bcl‐2 expression states. Our results suggest that DATS regulates hepatic fibrosis by blocking the Bcl‐2 signaling pathway and upregulating the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio.
Sickle cell disease patients with COVID‐19 in Guadeloupe: Surprisingly favorable outcomes
Authors: Bernit Emmanuelle , Romana Marc , Alexis‐Fardini Scylia , Tarer Vanessa , Roger Pierre‐Marie , Doumdo Lydia , Petras Eléonore , Charneau Corine , Tressières Benoit , Dessources Marie Dominique Hardy , Etienne‐Julan Maryse
Published: May 2022

We investigate risk factors for hospitalization and difference between sickle cell syndromes in a cohort of COVID‐19 sickle cell disease (SCD) adult patients managed in the Reference Center of Guadeloupe. We retrospectively collected data of symptomatic SCD adult patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 between March and December 2020. Thirty‐eight SCD adult patients with symptomatic COVID‐19 infection were included during the first wave, representing 9.6% of the active patient file at our center. The median age (IQR) was 39 years (24–47). Four patients were obese and two had moderate renal failure. The median duration of symptoms (IQR) was 10 days (5–15). Seventeen (44.7%) patients were hospitalized, including two in intensive care unit (ICU) for acute chest syndrome. An 85‐year‐old SC patient with prostate cancer died. No difference was detected between inpatient and outpatient groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, SCD clinical complications, and in history SCD treatment. There was no difference for severity, hospitalization, length of stay, ICU stay, or death between SS or Sβ°‐thal patients and SC or Sβ+‐thal patients. These overall favorable outcomes among symptomatic patients may be related to the low prevalence of comorbidity known to be linked to the more severe forms of COVID‐19, but also to the prompt coordinated management of SCD patients in the Reference Center.
Extremely low arylsulfatase A enzyme activity does not necessarily cause symptoms: A long‐term follow‐up and review of the literature
Authors: Laugwitz Lucia , Santhanakumaran Vidiyaah , Spieker Mareike , Boehringer Judith , Bender Benjamin , Gieselmann Volkmar , Beck‐Woedl Stefanie , Bruchelt Gernot , Harzer Klaus , Kraegeloh‐Mann Ingeborg , Groeschel Samuel
Published: May 2022

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ARSA). Heterozygous carriers of disease‐causing variants and individuals harbouring pseudodeficiency alleles in the ARSA gene exhibit reduced ARSA activity. In the context of these genotypes, low ARSA activity has been suggested to lead to an atypical form of MLD or other neurological abnormalities, but data are limited. The aim of our study was to analyse the impact of low ARSA activity in two subjects who are heterozygous for the ARSA pseudodeficiency allele and a disease‐causing variant. Biochemical testing included ARSA activity measurements and urinary sulfatide analysis. Biochemical data of a large cohort of MLD patients, heterozygotes, pseudodeficient individuals and healthy controls were analysed. MRI was performed at 3T using T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences and MR spectroscopy. We present two long‐term follow‐ups who are heterozygous for the ARSA pseudodeficiency allele and a disease‐causing variant in the ARSA gene in cis. The two related index cases exhibit markedly reduced ARSA activity compared to controls and heterozygous carriers. The neurological evaluation and MRI do not reveal any abnormalities. Our data underline that extremely low enzyme activity due to a pseudodeficiency allele and a disease‐causing variant in the ARSA gene even in cis does not lead to clinical symptoms or pre‐symptomatic MRI changes suspicious for MLD. The review of literature corroborates that any association of low ARSA activity with disease features remains questionable. It seems important to combine the measurement of ARSA activity with elevated sulfatide as well as genetic testing, as done in current newborn screening approaches. Heterozygosity for metachromatic leukodystrophy and an arylsulfatase A pseudodeficiency allele does not cause neurological or neuropsychiatric features.
Secondary cross infection with dengue virus serotype 2/3 aggravates vascular leakage in BALB/c mice
Authors: Qiu Lijuan , Huang Xinwei , Luo Jia , Zhao Yujiao , Hong Shan , Wang Xiaodan , Feng Kai , Pan Yue , Sun Qiangming
Published: May 2022

Dengue virus (DV) has occasionally emerged at epidemic levels in Yunnan, China. Vaccine development is limited by antibody‐dependent enhancement and a lack of good animal models. Thus, the study investigated cross infection based on maternal immunity in BALB/c mice and assessed the risk of cross infection by DV2‐D13113 and DV3‐YNWS2 epidemic virus strains. DV replicated within the organs of the BALB/c infant mice, even causing death. Particularly, DV3‐infected infant mice were at higher risk of severe disease if their mothers were infected with DV2. Although BALB/c adults and pups survived DV2/DV3 infection and produced anti‐DV antibodies after 5–8 days, extensive subcutaneous vascular leakage was observed after secondary DV infection. Furthermore, vascular permeability in the lung and kidney significantly increased in offspring born to heterotypic virus‐infected mothers. Thus, vascular leakage indicates severe DV infection. The results indicate that maternal immunity increases the severity of subsequent heterotypic infection. Additionally, secondary cross infection by D13113 and YNWS2 represents a risk of serious disease. This study has implications for studies of DV cross infection and vaccine development.
An enhanced analytical strategy integrating offline two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry and molecular networking: Comprehensive characterization of HuangLian JieDu Decoction as a case study
Authors: Li Wenjing , Li Caihong , Sun Kang , Chi Chenglin , Li Zongchao , Xu Lixiao , Zhao Yan , Liu Rongxia
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive ingredient research is of great significance for understanding the effective material basis of herbal medicines, but due to the diversity and complexity of their phytochemicals, such research is challenging. Here, a multifaceted strategy was proposed to analyze and identify the composition of HuangLian JieDu Decoction based on offline two‐dimensional liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet detection and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Multiple components were separated by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, which consisted of hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, and then further characterized by high‐resolution mass spectrometry with a full mass spectrometry/precursor ion list/data‐dependent secondary scan data acquisition method. For data processing, database screening and molecular networking were used to identify the components in HuangLian JieDu Decoction. The offline two‐dimensional liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet detection and a high‐resolution mass spectrometry system showed good orthogonality of 76.35% and a high peak capacity of 5175, effectively separating multiple components. Finally, 527 compounds, including 164 alkaloids, 133 terpenoids, 88 flavonoids, 60 phenylpropanoids, 38 organic acids, and 44 other compounds, were characterized. This integrated approach is suitable for the comprehensive characterization of herbal medicines and other complex chemical systems.
The colorful company: Effects of brand logo colorfulness on consumer judgments
Authors: Song Jiaqi (Flora) , Xu Fei (Katie) , Jiang Yuwei
Published: May 2022

This study examines the impact of brand logo colorfulness on consumer judgments toward a brand and its products. Four experiments demonstrate that the colorfulness of a brand logo affects consumers' perception of the product variety offered by the brand. When consumers feel that a brand logo is colorful, they tend to infer that the brand offers a high variety of product options to its customers. Driven by the perception of product variety, logo colorfulness has downstream consequences on consumer attitudes, an effect that can be moderated by brand positioning. Together, this study introduces the effects of logo colorfulness on consumer judgments, contributes to the psychological literature on color and variety, and bears important practical implications regarding how designers and marketers can practically determine a brand logo that best serves the brand image.
Analysis of numerical simulation models for the turbo air classifier
Authors: Yu Y. , Wang L. , Liu J.
Published: May 2022

The comparative analysis on the flow field of turbo air classifier, using different turbulence models and moving region calculation models, is completed based on ANSYS‐FLUENT. The simulation results show both RNG k‐ϵ and Reynolds stress models have the high calculation accuracy with the low computational cost. There are slightly different at the interface between the moving and static regions for multiple reference frame (MRF) model and sliding mesh (SM) model. However, the iteration number of multiple reference frame model is far less than that of sliding mesh model with the same calculation accuracy. Meanwhile, the flow field in the rotor cage channel is well‐distributed when air inlet velocity is close to the linear velocity at outer edge of rotor cage no matter what combination of the models is used among the RNG k‐ϵ model and Reynolds stress model together with multiple reference frame model and sliding mesh model. The classification experiments show the accuracy and the Newton classification efficiency are high when the air inlet velocity is 12 m/s and the rotating speed of rotor cage is 1200 min−1. The experimental results are consistent with simulation results of the flow field in the classifier.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of 1000 MPa grade steel plate for hydropower station in different quenching processes
Authors: Chen J. , Li C.S. , Ren J.Y. , Ke Y.J. , Cao Y.
Published: May 2022

Strength and toughness of the ferrum‐1.2manganese‐1.4nickel steel plates in the DQT (direct quenching→tempering) and DQQT (direct quenching→reheated quenching→tempering) processes were investigated. This ferrum‐1.2manganese‐1.4nickel which possessed a relatively low alloy content and improved purity was used as the 1000 MPa grade high‐strength steel plates for hydropower station. The flat prior austenite grains with the dislocation density of 4.86×1014 m−2 and nano‐scaled precipitates were acquired in the DQT process. The grains and precipitates grew up and the dislocation density decreased to 4.26×1014 m−2 as a result of reheated quenching in the DQQT process. After tempering, the yield strength of the specimen treated by the DQT process was ∼996 MPa, which was ∼34 MPa higher than that of the DQQT sample. The difference of yield strength between these two quenching processes was primarily ascribed to grain boundary strengthening and partly caused by dislocation strengthening or precipitation strengthening. Due to the circular propagation path of cracks and matrix softening, the impact energy at −60 °C in the DQQT process was superior to that of the DQT process.
Ultrasound‐guided versus landmark‐guided subacromial corticosteroid injections for rotator cuff related shoulder pain: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Adamson Natasha J. , Tsuro Munyaradzi , Adams Nicola
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is the most common presentation of shoulder pain within physiotherapy. Corticosteroid injections (CSI) have become increasingly popular to reduce pain, increase range of motion (ROM) and improve shoulder function. Evidence around the use of ultrasound‐guided (USG) versus landmark‐guided (LMG) CSIs remains controversial.

Objective

The objective of this appraisal was to compare the effectiveness of each approach in the management of RCRSP.

Methods

Cochrane, PubMed and CINAHL electronic databases were searched (from January 2014 to February 2021). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included comparing USG to LMG CSIs for RCRSP. An independent reviewer selected the studies, extracted and synthesised the data. Two reviewers carried out a quality appraisal. Outcome measures were pain, function and ROM.

Results

Four RCTs (n = 179 participants, n = 184 shoulders) were reviewed. Both USG and LMG groups showed statistically significant within group improvements in clinical outcomes. There were no significant differences between groups. Three studies were identified as being a ‘low’ risk of bias (RoB) and did not favour the use of ultrasound. One study did favour the use of ultrasound for improving function, although it was found to have ‘high’ RoB. Adverse events were seldom reported.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence to suggest using USG CSIs has a superior effect on clinical outcomes compared to LMG, though small sample sizes and lack of long‐term follow‐up limit the generalisability of the findings.
Results from an international interlaboratory study on light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation in solar modules
Authors: Karas Joseph , Repins Ingrid , Berger Karl A. , Kubicek Bernhard , Jiang Fangdan , Zhang Daqi , Jaubert Jean‐Nicolas , Cueli Ana Belén , Sample Tony , Jaeckel Bengt , Pander Matthias , Fokuhl Esther , Koentopp Max B. , Kersten Friederike , Choi Jun‐Hong , Bora Birinchi , Banerjee Chandan , Wendlandt Stefan , Erion‐Lorico Tristan , Sauer Kenneth J. , Tsan Jon , Pravettoni Mauro , Caccivio Mauro , Bellenda Giovanni , Monokroussos Christos , Maaroufi Hamza
Published: May 2022

This paper reports the results of an international interlaboratory comparison study on light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation (LETID) on crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules. A large global network of PV module manufacturers and PV testing laboratories collaborated to design a protocol for LETID detection and screen a large and diverse set of prototype modules for LETID. Results across labs indicate the reproducibility of LETID testing is likely within ±1% of maximum power (PMP). In intentionally engineered LETID‐sensitive modules, mean degradation after the prescribed detection stress is roughly 6% PMP. In other module types the LETID sensitivity is smaller, and in some we observe essentially negligible degradation attributable to LETID. In LETID‐sensitive modules, both open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and short‐circuit current (ISC) degrade by a roughly similar magnitude. We observe, as do previous studies, that LETID affects each cell in a module differently. An investigation of the potential mismatch losses caused by nonuniform LETID degradation found that mismatch loss is insignificant compared to the estimated loss of cell ISC, which drives loss of module ISC. Overall, this work has helped inform the creation of a forthcoming standard technical specification for LETID testing of PV modules, IEC TS 63342 ED1, and should aid in the interpretation of results from that and other LETID tests.
Using latent profile analysis to investigate emotional intelligence profiles in a sample of American university students
Authors: Thomas Christopher L. , Heath Joshua A.
Published: May 2022

Numerous empirical investigations have explored the contribution of emotional intelligence to academic success. Although these studies have contributed to the literature, most have adopted variable‐centric analytic approaches that may mask our understanding of the nuanced association between emotional intelligence, noncognitive factors, and academic success. Therefore, the current study was designed to identify unique emotional intelligence profiles using latent‐class analysis. A convenience sample of university students (N = 432, 79.7% Caucasian, 80.62% female, 18–65 years old, Age = 21.55 ± 5.47) attending two public universities completed the Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale, Brief Cope Inventory, Inventory of School Motivation, Engagement Versus Disaffection with Learning Scale, Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale‐2nd Edition, and Perceived Stress Scale. The sample consisted of freshman (13.87%), sophomore (32.53%), junior (35.16%), senior (13.15%), and master's (5.26%) students. Using latent profile analysis, we identified four unique emotional intelligence profiles which differed along competencies identified in the ability model of emotional intelligence. Follow‐up analyses indicated that problem and social‐focused coping strategies, mastery orientation, and behavioral and emotional engagement contributed to the separation of students belonging to the identified profiles. Our discussion focuses on the importance of fostering emotional intelligence within higher education settings to support student success.
The recording of personality strengths: An analysis of the impact of positive personality features on the long‐term outcome of common mental disorders
Authors: Yang Min , Tyrer Peter , Tyrer Helen
Published: May 2022

Although personality strengths are assessed frequently in occupational and managerial settings and in children, they have been less used in studies of personality disorder. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of a measure of personality strengths derived from the comprehensive version of the Personality Assessment Schedule (CPAS) (i.e., positive and reinforcing traits) on clinical symptoms and functioning. Eighty‐nine patients with anxiety and depression seen at the 30‐year follow‐up point in a cohort study (Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder) were administered the Comprehensive version of the PAS (CPAS). A factor analysis of the results determined the main groupings and their impact on long‐term outcomes as well as their association with change of outcomes over 30 years. Five positive factors (strengths), forceful considerateness, emotional toughness, cautiousness, independence and discernment accounted for 67.2% of the variance using both Varimax and Promax rotations. Low positive scores were strongly associated with suicide attempts, moderate/severe personality disorder, cothymia (mixed anxiety‐depression), greater symptomatology and poor social function. High scores were protective of serious pathology and particularly effective in inhibiting suicidal behaviour. The promotion of personality strengths may be of value in preventing suicidal behaviour and helping pro‐social change in those with personality disturbance.
Misdiagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies due to venlafaxine
Authors: Kanani Muhammad‐Kazim , Gurunathan Nhishanth
Published: May 2022

Dementia with Lewy bodies can be challenging to diagnose correctly and is subsequently underdiagnosed. Neuroimaging is often used to aid clinicians make the diagnosis. Here the authors describe a case where a patient was misdiagnosed with the condition due to their antidepressant therapy influencing their scan result.
Treatment and prognosis of pleuropulmonary blastoma: A single‐center report of 31 cases
Authors: Wang Fenghua , Zhuang Linwei , Liang Jianhua , Li Le , Wang Hui , Tang Jue , Zeng Jiahang , Liu Wei
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a very rare and highly aggressive neoplasm occurring in children, mostly under 6 years of age. We assessed the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with PPB treated at our institution over a 10‐year period to improve the prognosis.

Methods

From November 2008 to November 2019, 31 children (21 boys and 10 girls) with a median age of 30 months (ranging, 22 days to 54 months) were treated at our institution. Here we describe the patient characteristics, treatment modalities, and treatment outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Log‐rank test was performed for comparison between groups.

Results

Three children were lost to follow‐up and two were dead due to postoperative complications. Of the 26 patients included in the follow‐up, 16 PPB patients displayed tumor‐free survival. The 5‐year PFS and OS were 60.4% and 60.1% respectively. By stratified statistical analysis, the 5‐year PFS and OS of type I PPB were 100%, while those of type III PPB were 43.7% and 43%, respectively. The 5‐year PFS and OS of complete tumor resection were 76.5% and 75.6%, respectively, while those with tumor residue were 31.3%. The 5‐year PFS and OS combined with chemotherapy were 62.2% and 61.6%, respectively, while those without chemotherapy were 0%.

Conclusions

PPB is an aggressive neoplasm. The main factors related to the prognosis of PPB are pathological type, tumor resection degree, and postoperative adjuvant therapy.
Within the walls of the classroom: How science teachers' instruction can develop students' sociopolitical consciousness
Authors: Jones Britney L. , Taylor Jonte C.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we synthesize existing literature on Culturally Relevant Science Teaching (CRST), more specifically the third tenet of CRST‐developing students' sociopolitical or critical consciousness. While there is research on this third tenet, our review of the literature reveals that this tenet is understudied and underutilized. We offer our conceptual framework and an illustrative example to demonstrate how teachers can practically implement the third tenet of CRST to engage and empower students in science. We hope that the ideas and examples shared in this piece will help teachers foster students' sense of sociopolitical consciousness and advocacy within the walls of the classroom and beyond. We also urge researchers to continue producing research on this important topic so that practitioners can use this information to develop students' sociopolitical/critical awareness, reflections, and actions.
Renewable energy project success: Internal versus external stakeholders' satisfaction and influences of power‐interest matrix
Authors: Maqbool Rashid , Rashid Yahya , Ashfaq Saleha
Published: May 2022

Stakeholders satisfaction, as well as an effective involvement, is of utmost importance for any mega project, when it comes to the public concerning projects this role becomes more essential. In the case of developing countries where the political, economic and administrative settings are challenging, managing all the key stakeholders satisfaction for prosperous projects becomes extremely intricated, no matter even it is about sustainable and renewable energy projects. Studies have been conducted on project governance and shareholder relationships, nevertheless, the role of power‐interest matrix in maximizing stakeholder satisfaction on renewable energy projects has not been fully explored in the literature. This research was attempted to investigate the direct and indirect influencing mechanisms of the stakeholders satisfaction in conjunction with five critical success factors (CSFs) (namely communication factors, team factors, technical factors, organizational factors and environmental factors) in the renewable energy projects. Alongside a direct link of the CSFs in renewable energy projects, an indirect influence of both the internal and external stakeholders satisfaction has been also checked in this research. A quantitative approach was used to collect the questionnaire survey based data from the professionals working in the renewable energy industry of Pakistan. A snowball sampling technique was used to collect a total of 565 valid responses from the professionals working on medium and large scale renewable energy projects. The structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was used to perform the data analysis and provide inferences between the direct impacts of CSFs and indirect influences of internal and external stakeholders satisfaction in the renewable energy projects. The first stage of the SEM analysis depicts the direct impacts of the CSFs on renewable energy projects. However, in the second stage, though the mediating role of internal stakeholders satisfaction was observed in between all the CSFs and project success, external stakeholders satisfaction was found to be significantly mediating only between the communication factors and environmental factors, and renewable energy project success. Though the findings provide useful guidelines for the professionals, policymakers and administrators that in order to have prosperous renewable energy projects the influence of both the internal and external stakeholders satisfaction is important alongside CSFs, however, the role of internal stakeholders satisfaction is more critical to consider for such sustainable projects.
A Single‐Layer Composite Separator with 3D‐Reinforced Microstructure for Practical High‐Temperature Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Botao , Liu Jipeng , Dong Liwei , Chen Dongjiang , Zhong Shijie , Liang Yifang , Liu Yuanpeng , Ji Yuanpeng , Wu Xiaoqiang , Kong Qingquan , Han Jiecai , He Weidong
Published: May 2022

Incorporation of ceramic materials into separators has been frequently applied in both research and industry to improve the overall high‐temperature performances of lithium ion batteries. However, inorganic ceramic particles tend to form aggregation in separators and even fall off in the separator matrix due to the inferior combination between ceramic particles and polymer matrix, giving rise to a decrease in separator porosity and thus the degradation of battery performances. Herein, a single‐layer core‐shell architecture is designed to reinforce the polymer matrix through encircling Al2O3 particles by poly(vinylidene fluoride) with strong inter‐molecular interaction. The 3D‐reinforced microstructure effectively improves pore distribution and thermal stability to resist the dimensional deformation at high temperatures, thus giving rise to a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.16% and 87.5% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 80 °C for LiFePO4/Li batteries. In particular, the excellent performances of the proposed separator microstructure are confirmed with a thickness value of commercial separators. This work provides a promising strategy to fabricate a core‐shell structural composite separator for stable lithium ion batteries at high temperatures.