bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relación entre los Factores Motivacionales, la Edad y el Sexo en las Personas Participantes de un Proyecto de Natación
Authors: Rodriguez Montero Alejandro , Morera Maria , Barrantes Brais Kristy , Ugalde Ramírez José Alexis
Published: August 2014

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre factores motivacionales para la práctica de la natación, según sexo y edad en las personas participantes en un proyecto de natación. En el estudio participaron 107 sujetos (71%) del total de la población activa del proyecto, de los cuales 51 fueron hombres y 56 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 63 años, (36,27±10,67). La muestra fue distribuida en cuatro categorías de edad (18 a 29 años; 30 a 39 años; 40 a 49 años y 50 años en adelante) y por sexo. Para conocer los motivos que inducen a las personas a realizar ejercicio físico, se aplicó el cuestionario Autoinforme de Motivos para la Práctica de Ejercicios Físicos (AMPEF), adaptado por Capdevilla  Niñerola y Pintanel (2004). Los resultados del análisis individual demostraron que los factores: salud y prevención positiva; bienestar y diversión; fuerza y resistencia muscular, son motivos importantes tanto en hombres como mujeres en todas las categorías por edad, con valores  ≥ 7 (en una escala Likert de 1 a 10). No se encontró diferencias significativas en el puntaje total entre variables. Los datos registrados son consistentes con lo reportado en la literatura científica. Se concluye que los principales motivos de las personas para realizar actividad física son: salud, diversión, bienestar y mejoría de aspectos físicos, asimismo se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en los motivos relacionados con el desafío y la competencia, entre hombres y mujeres, resultados que también con coinciden con publicaciones  previas.
Circulating Tumor Cells Count Predicts Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Romiti Adriana , Raffa Salvatore , Di Rocco Roberta , Roberto Michela , Milano Annalisa , Zullo Angelo , Leone Laura , Ranieri Danilo , Mazzetta Francesca , Medda Emanuela , Sarcina Ida , Barucca Viola , D’Antonio Chiara , Durante Valeria , Ferri Mario , Torrisi Maria Rosaria , Marchetti Paolo
Published: August 2014

Background & Aims: Data on the potential of circulating tumor cells (CTC) count in predicting overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer are timely and worthy of interest. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of CTC count in both localized and metastatic colorectal cancer patients.Methods: Consecutive patients with histological diagnosis of colorectal cancer were enrolled. CTC count was performed, by using a quantitative immunofluorescence method, at baseline (T0) and 1 month following start of chemotherapy (T1). A CTC count <2 was considered negative, whilst a CTC level ≥2 was positive. Overall survival was calculated accordingly.Results: A total of 75 colorectal cancer patients were enrolled, including 54 stages I-III and 21 stage IV patients. Overall, 21 (28%) patients had a positive CTC count at baseline, and it was significantly associated with a worse prognosis as compared to a negative status (OS: 36.2 vs. 61.6 months; P = 0.002). CTC count remained positive after chemotherapy in 22.4% of the patients and it was an independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.03; Hazard Ratio: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.1-11.5).Conclusions: This study found that the presence of CTCs is associated with a reduced survival in colorectal cancer patients. Further studies aimed at testing such a predictive value in early stage colorectal cancer are awaited.
The estimated economic burden of overweight and obesity in Hungary
Authors: Iski Gabriella , Rurik Imre
Published: August 2014

Introduction: The pandemic of obesity has a great impact on the health care system, and it accounts for an increasing ratio of health care expenses. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of overweight and obesity including both the health care budget and financial contribution of patients. Method: Data of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund were analyzed in the financial year of 2012. Expenses related to inpatient (hospital) and outpatient services and sick-leave finances related to obesity, diabetes and hypertension were analyzed. The incidence of obesity was calculated as high as 80% in diabetics and 60% in patients with hypertension. Results: According to this method of estimation, 207,000 million HUF (680 million EUR) was spent for treatment, which accounts for 11.6% of the total Hungarian health budget and corresponds to 0.73% of the gross domestic product. Additionally, at least 22,000 million HUF was paid by the patients as contribution to treatment. However, expenses related to overweight and obesity may be even higher considering a higher prevalence rate of overweight and obesity, and the occurrence of co-morbidities with higher costs (between 15% and 18% of the total health expenditure and at least 1% of the gross domestic product). Conclusions: The results confirm that obesity- and overweight-related expenses represent a significant proportion of health care expenditure. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(35), 1406–1412.
Left amenability and left contractibility of Lau algebras
Authors: Jabbari Ali
Published: August 2014

In this paper we study left amenability of Lau algebras by introducing left approximate diagonal and virtual diagonal for Lau algebras. Some results related to Hahn-Banach theorem property on foundation topological semigroups are obtained. We introduce the left contractibility of Lau algebras. Some examples for clarifying that left contractibility of Lau algebras is stronger than left amenability of them are given.
Conditional oscillation of Riemann-Weber half-linear differential equations with asymptotically almost periodic coefficients
Authors: Hasil Petr , Veselý Michal
Published: August 2014

We analyse the oscillation and non-oscillation of second-order half-linear differential equations with periodic and asymptotically almost periodic coefficients, where the equations have the so-called Riemann-Weber form. For these equations, we find an explicit oscillation constant. Corollaries and examples are mentioned as well.
Two-weight norm estimates for sublinear integral operators in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang , Meskhi Alexander
Published: August 2014

Two-weight norm estimates for sublinear integral operators involving Hardy-Littlewood maximal, Calderón-Zygmund and fractional integral operators in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces are derived. Operators and the space are defined on a quasi-metric measure space with doubling condition. The derived conditions are written in terms ofLp(·)norms and are simultaneously necessary and sufficient for appropriate inequalities for maximal and fractional integral operators mainly in the case when weights are of radial type.
Electroabsorption studies of organic p-i-n solar cells: evaluating the built-in voltage
Authors: Siebert-Henze Ellen , Lyssenko Vadim G. , Brückner Robert , Riede Moritz , Leo Karl
Published: August 2014

We investigate the built-in voltage in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells using electroabsorption spectroscopy based on the Stark effect, i.e. the variation of the absorption energies of a material caused by an electric field. Due to spectral contributions of permanent dipoles, a novel approach for evaluating the EA spectra is required. We use a fitting routine analyzing a broad spectral range instead of using only a single wavelength. A reliable quantitative determination of the built-in voltage is achieved.
Nanofiber-permeated, hybrid polymer/ceramic scaffolds for guided cell behavior
Authors: Nelson Clarke , Khan Yusuf , Laurencin Cato T.
Published: August 2014

The current gold-standard therapeutic strategies for bone grafts in the patient population are to use either allograft or autograft bone. Although these approaches have a long track record of utilization, neither is without risk to the patient, and there remains a desire in the field to improve treatment options. While there have been treatments approved by the FDA for full length growth factors and calcium salt-laden collagen sponges, these are not available for the entire population of potential bone graft patients. One viable strategy to focus on these concerns is to design an implantable bone graft substitute that can address all the negative drawbacks of autograft bone, allograft bone, and full length proteins. The work provides a preliminary investigation of synthetic, nanofiber-permeated, composite polymer/ceramic scaffold for bone repair using thermally induced phase separation, PLLA microspheres, and hydroxyapatite. The scaffolds as described have fiber diameters that mimic natural collagen ECM networks in bone as determined by scanning electron microscopy and will serve as the basis for future studies in substrate-guided bone tissue regeneration.
Band Alignment at Oxide Semiconductor Interfaces
Authors: Säuberlich F. , Klein A.
Published: August 2014

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are important contact materials in thin film solar cells. It is thus important to understand their basic interface properties as the band alignment. We present results on the determination of interfacial properties of TCOs using photoelectron spectroscopy. Large interface dipole potentials are generally observed at interfaces between conducting oxides ZnO, SnO2, In2O3and TiO2and chalcogenide semiconductors CdS, CdTe and Cu2S, leading to small conduction band discontinuities in the case of ZnO, SnO2and In2O3and to large conduction band discontinuities for TiO2. In addition to the band alignment the Fermi level position at the interface determines the contact properties of TCOs in thin film solar cells.
Ink-jetted Silver/Copper conductors for printed RFID applications
Authors: Volkman Steven K. , Pei Yunan , Redinger David , Yin Shong , Subramanian Vivek
Published: August 2014

Low-resistance printed conductors are crucial for the development of ultra-low cost electronic systems such as radio frequency identification tags. Low resistance conductors are required to enable the fabrication of high-Q inductors, capacitors, tuned circuits, and interconnects. Furthermore, conductors of appropriate workfunction are also required to enable fabrication of printed Schottky diodes, necessary for rectification in RFID circuits. Last year, we demonstrated the formation of low-resistance conductive printed structures using gold nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, technologies for formation of printed conductors using silver and copper nanoparticles. These are particularly advantageous for several reasons. First, both silver and copper offer a 2X reduction in sheet resistance over gold, resulting in improved interconnect performance and inductor Q. Second, the material costs associated with both silver and copper are expected to be significantly cheaper than gold. Third, the workfunction of silver enables the fabrication of all-printed Schottky diodes with a silver rectifying contact to many common printable organic semiconductors.

Solutions of organic-encapsulated silver and copper nanoparticles may be printed and subsequently annealed to form low-resistance conductor patterns. We describe novel processes for forming silver and copper nanoparticles, and discuss the optimization of the printing/annealing processes to demonstrate plastic-compatible low-resistance conductors. By optimizing both the size of the nanoparticle and the encapsulant sublimation kinetics, it is possible to produce particles that anneal at low-temperatures (<150 °C) to form continuous films having low resistivity and appropriate workfunction for formation of rectifying contacts. This represents a major component required for all- printed RFID.
Licenciamento ambiental de grandes empreendimentos: conexão possível entre saúde e meio ambiente
Authors: Silveira Missifany , Araújo Neto Mário Diniz de
Published: August 2014

A perspectiva de uma avaliação multidisciplinar, que considere os impactos da modificação do meio ambiente sobre a saúde da população, durante a implantação de projetos de desenvolvimento potencialmente poluidores, é incipiente no Brasil. Considerando o cenário de grandes empreendimentos no país, ampliar o olhar sobre a relação saúde-ambiente a partir dos processos sociais e econômicos de desenvolvimento, visando projetos ecologicamente sustentáveis, é uma estratégia fundamental. O artigo explora o debate sobre as relações entre o modelo de desenvolvimento vigente, os riscos, o ambiente e a saúde e discute a importância da participação do setor saúde nos processos de licenciamento ambiental, instrumento da Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA). Visando à construção de territórios mais sustentáveis, ambientalmente e socialmente, o setor saúde vem buscando oportunidades para participar dos processos de licenciamento de grandes empreendimentos, na perspectiva da AIA. Resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde demonstrou a forma de participação nesses processos, apontando para as potencialidades e fragilidades que favorecem ou dificultam o fortalecimento de ações preventivas em saúde pública, na implementação de grandes projetos de desenvolvimento no Brasil.
Qualidade do solo cultivado com banana irrigada e sua relação com áreas de caatinga
Authors: Morais Elis R. C. de , Oliveira Arthur A. S. , Maia Celsemy E.
Published: August 2014

Neste trabalho se observou, nos últimos anos, uma preocupação crescente com o uso sustentável além da qualidade dos recursos naturais, especialmente do solo e da água, em razão do aumento das atividades antrópicas, contexto no qual se propôs, no estudo, avaliar e comparar as alterações químicas em sete áreas com diferentes tempos de uso com bananeira, no Projeto de Irrigação do Baixo-Açu, RN, em relação à mata nativa da caatinga do entorno do projeto. Cada uma das áreas cultivadas possui 8 ha entre os quais foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, vinte amostras simples para formar uma amostra composta enquanto na área de mata nativa também se coletaram vinte amostras simples para estimar a média e o desvio. As características avaliadas foram cálcio, magnésio, potássio, sódio, fósforo, pH e CE e os metais pesados chumbo, níquel, cádmio, cobre, zinco, manganês e ferro. Os resultados evidenciaram relação estreita e inversa entre a qualidade do solo e a intensidade de uso a que as áreas foram submetidas e ainda que o método utilizado para avaliar a qualidade ambiental do solo permitiu verificar as alterações nas áreas cultivadas em referência à mata nativa diminuindo o índice de qualidade ambiental com o tempo, sendo menor que 0,5 a partir do quinto ano de cultivo.
Sistemas de colheita da cana-de-açúcar: conhecimento atual sobre modificações em atributos de solos de tabuleiro
Authors: Oliveira Ana P. P. de , Lima Eduardo , Anjos Lúcia H. C. dos , Zonta Everaldo , Pereira Marcos G.
Published: August 2014

A queima da palhada nos canaviais deverá ser suprimida no Brasil e, por conseguinte, aumentar a colheita mecanizada devido às mudanças nos sistemas de produção e exigências ambientais. Neste trabalho são sintetizados estudos sobre o manejo da colheita da cana-de-açúcar (crua e queimada) e modificações em atributos de solos de tabuleiro apontando demandas de pesquisa. Em geral, os estudos investigaram atributos na camada arável do solo, ou seja, pouco se avaliou sobre os efeitos da queima nas camadas mais profundas mesmo diante da ocorrência do caráter coeso em solos de tabuleiro, que impõe diferenças no manejo desses solos. Quanto ao tempo de experimentação os trabalhos, em geral de curta duração, não indicaram diferenças nos atributos do solo com a mudança de sistema de colheita, embora indiquem que esses efeitos podem surgir a médio ou a longo prazo. Os atributos químicos foram os mais estudados, seguidos dos biológicos e físicos cujos dados indicam que a colheita sem queima altera positivamente os atributos edáficos e a qualidade do solo porém predominam estudos com colheita manual e, portanto, insuficientes para suprir informações sobre a colheita mecanizada e sem queima da palhada, nos solos de tabuleiro.
O conceito de competência: uma análise do discurso docente
Authors: Franco Renato Soleiman , Franco Camila Ament Giuliani dos Santos , Portilho Evelise Maria Labatut , Cubas Marcia Regina
Published: August 2014

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Medicina de 2001 têm como eixo norteador 28 competências, sem uma definição do conceito de competência utilizado. Na literatura há uma série de definições, sendo esse tema vasto e polêmico. Desse modo, a forma como a competência é compreendida pelo docente terá um impacto direto na formação do aluno. Com a finalidade de clarificar o conceito de competência médica adotado por docentes do curso de Medicina de uma universidade, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir da apresentação e questionamentos frente a um caso clínico comum. Para a síntese, organização e análise desses discursos foi utilizado o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Entre os conceitos de competência pode-se notar a aplicabilidade prática dos conhecimentos, das habilidades e atitudes, aliada a uma prática reflexiva e ética. Esta última tem destaque e é um pilar das competências. Atitudes como comprometimento e respeito foram apontadas como essenciais para apresentar competência. As atitudes e a ética têm um papel central na competência do egresso, e estratégias para estimular seu desenvolvimento devem ser um dos focos da formação médica.
Ensino de emergências na graduação com participação ativa do estudante
Authors: Fernandes Cláudia Regina , Falcão Sandra Nívea dos Reis Saraiva , Gomes Josenília Maria Alves , Colares Fernando Barros , Maior Maria Márcia Morais Souto , Correa Rafaela Vieira , Bessa Olívia Andre Alencar Costa
Published: August 2014

O ensino médico sofreu intensas modificações nos últimos anos. A rápida evolução do conhecimento requer metodologias que estimulem a metacognição, substituindo o excesso de conteúdo pelo"aprender a aprender", formando profissionais construtores ativos do seu conhecimento e capacitados para refletir sobre a própria prática. A importância do conteúdo de emergências é inquestionável, especialmente na graduação, pois se trata de uma área de grande carência de profissionais que vem sendo cada vez mais ocupada pelo médico recém-graduado, quase sempre despreparado para se conduzir diante da gravidade dos casos. Simular a realidade integra o saber ao fazer, aliados ao desenvolvimento de habilidades. O ensino das emergências em cenários reais é insubstituível, contudo limitado por questões de segurança do paciente e pela impossibilidade de repetição de procedimentos.A simulação em laboratório de habilidades propicia contato do aluno com diversas situações em ambiente controlado, permite repetição e favorece o aprendizado significativo mediante discussão dos temas e reflexão sobre a própria prática.Este artigo descreve a inserção longitudinal do conteúdo de emergências médicas no currículo de um curso de Medicina,utilizando técnicas de simulação e reflexão acerca da prática como metodologia de aprendizado, além da vivência em ambientes de prática real.
Volume calculation of rats' organs and its application in the validation of the volume relation between the abdominal cavity and the hernial sac in incisional hernias with "loss of abdominal domain"
Authors: ARAÚJO Luz Marina Gonçalves de , SERIGIOLLE Leonardo Carvalho , GOMES Helbert Minuncio Pereira , RODRIGUES Daren Athiê Boy , LOPES Carolina Marques , LEME Pedro Luiz Squilacci
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND: The calculation of the volume ratio between the hernia sac and the abdominal cavity of incisional hernias is based on tomographic sections as well as the mathematical formula of the volume of the ellipsoid, which allows determining whether this is a giant hernia or there is a "loss of domain". As the images used are not exact geometric figures, the study of the volume of two solid organs of Wistar rats was performed to validate these calculations. AIM: To correlate two methods for determining the volume of the kidney and spleen of rats, comparing a direct method of observation of the volume with the mathematical calculation of this value. METHODS: The volume of left kidney, geometrically more regular, and spleen, with its peculiar shape, of ten animals was established in cubic centimeters after complete immersion in water with the aid of a beaker graduated in millimeters. These values were compared with those obtained by calculating the same volume with a specific mathematical formula: V = 4/3 × π × (r1 x r2 x r3). Data were compared and statistically analyzed by Student's t test. RESULTS: Although the average volume obtained was higher through the direct method (1.13 cm3 for the left kidney and 0.71 cm3 for the spleen) than the values calculated with the mathematical formula (0.81 cm3 and 0.54 cm3), there were no statistically significant differences between the values found for the two organs (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was adequate correlation between the direct calculation of the volume of the kidney and spleen with the result of mathematical calculation of these values in the animals' studies.
AVALIAÇÃO TEMPORAL DA UMIDADE DO SOLO COMO CONSEQÜÊNCIA DO TIPO E PERCENTAGEM DE COBERTURA VEGETAL
Authors: Campos Ben-Hur Costa de , Reinert Dalvan José , Albuquerque Jackson Adriano , Nicolodi Renato
Published: August 2014

No sistema de plantio direto a cobertura vegetal do solo favorece a infiltração de água da chuva e/ou irrigação e diminui as perdas por evaporação, mantendo a umidade em valores mais elevados em períodos de estiagem, principalmente, na camada superficial. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido de maio de 1991 a maio de 1992, em área do Departamento de Solos, no Campus da UFSM. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de coberturas vegetais sobre a umidade da camada superficial do solo, para a cultura do milho cultivada em sistema de plantio direto. Os tratamentos constaram das espécies de inverno: chícharo (Lathyrus sativus), tremoço (Lupinus angustifolius), ervilhaca (vicia sativa), aveia preta (Avena strigosa) e pousio invernal, antecedendo a cultura do milho. A cobertura vegetal foi avaliada pelo método do ponto quadrado em intervalos regulares. A umidade gravimétrica do solo foi avaliada mensalmente, desde a implantação dos tratamentos até a colheita do milho. Houve variabilidade temporal da cobertura vegetal e umidade do solo. Os tratamentos que mais se destacaram na cobertura do solo foram aveia preta e chícharo, tendo esta reflexo direto no maior valor de umidade do solo. O tratamento em pousio invernal apresentou menor cobertura do solo e, conseqüentemente, menor umidade durante o período de agosto de 91 a maio de 92.
A PRECISÃO DE ENSAIOS DE CULTIVARES DE MILHO SOB DIFERENTES ADUBAÇÕES
Authors: Lopes Sidinei José , Storck Lindolfo , Garcia Danton Camacho
Published: August 2014

Estudou-se o efeito de três formas de adubação sobre o erro experimental. As formas constituíram-se de: adubação para rendimento menor que 3t/ha; adubação para rendimento maior que 6t/ha e tratamento de sementes com Zn; e adubação para rendimento maior que 6t/ha, tratamento de sementes com Zn e incorporação ao solo de um fertilizante orgânico. O delineamento experimental utilizado para as formas de adubação foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Cada repetição das formas de adubação foi composta por duas cultivares de milho híbrido igualmente e aleatoriamente repetidos. Os resultados mostraram que uma forma de adubação constituída por vários componentes provoca maior erro quando comparada com formas mais simples. O aumento do nível de fertilidade do solo melhora a precisão da estimativa do rendimento de grãos.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DO MAMÃO FORMOSA COMERCIALIZADO EM PORTO ALEGRE DE OUTUBRO/91 A JUNHO/92
Authors: Fioravanço João Caetano , Paiva Marília Caleffi , Carvalho Ruy Inácio Neiva de , Manica Ivo
Published: August 2014

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar as principais características físicas e químicas do mamão formosa comercializado em Porto Alegre de outubro de 1991 a junho de 1992. Os mamões analisados apresentaram grande variabilidade de tipos e cor da casca, mas com predomínio da cor laranja da polpa. Os frutos com maior peso foram obtidos em outubro, dezembro e abril; o peso da placenta mais sementes foi superior em janeiro; o maior rendimento de polpa mais casca foi determinado em outubro, março e maio; o maior diâmetro dos frutos foi obtido em dezembro, enquanto os mamões mais firmes foram analisados em novembro; o maior teor de sólidos solúveis totais foi observado nos frutos amostrados em março, abril, maio e junho, a menor acidez foi obtida em abril e o maior pH ocorreu em outubro. O comprimento e a espessura da polpa dos frutos foram semelhantes nos meses estudados.
AÇÃO DA ESCINA SOBRE A VARIAÇÃO CIRCADIANA DOS LEUCÓCITOS, FIBRINOGÊNIO E PLAQUETAS EM SANGUE DE CÃES SADIOS
Authors: Santos Maria Vargas dos , Carvalho Cláudio Baptista de , Fan Luis Carlos Ribeiro , Magalhães Hilton Machado
Published: August 2014

Para analisar a variação circadiana dos leucócitos, fibrinogênio e plaquetas, foram utilizados 20 cães machos, sem raça definida, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos de 10 animais. Os cães do grupo I foram tratados com 1,3mg/kg de escina de 12 em 12 horas e os do grupo II sem nenhum tratamento. Goletas de sangue foram feitas em todos os animais às 0 (zero), 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24h do dia para exame dos leucócitos, fibrinogênio e plaquetas. A escina determinou eosinopenia às 8 e 12 horas, monocitopenia às 24h e linfocitose em relação aos animais sadios às 8, 16 e 20h. Na taxa de fibrinogênio houve aumento às 20 e 24h e nas plaquetas diminuição às 0 (zero), 8, 12, 16 e 20h. Pode-se concluir que a escina determina variações circadianas instáveis do número de alguns tipos de leucócitos, plaquetas e quantidade de fibrinogênio em cães sadios.
ACTINOBACILOSE EM BOVINOS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Mondadori Ademir José , Riet-Correa Franklin , Carter Gordon Robert , Mendez Maria Del Carmen
Published: August 2014

Realizou-se um estudo da distribuição geográfica e freqüência das lesões diagnosticadas macroscopicamente como actinogranulomas, em bovinos abatidos em matadouros frigoríficos no Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 1980 a 1987. De um total de 7.326.902 bovinos abatidos durante esse período, 84.044 (1,15%), apresentaram lesões diagnosticadas macroscopicamente como actinogranuloma. Não foram observadas variações importantes na prevalência anual de lesões e na prevalência nas microrregiões homogêneas do Estado. Amostras de 187 bovinos abatidos, com lesões semelhantes à actinobacilose foram coletadas para estudo histológico. De 159 animais que apresentaram lesões granulomatosas, foi diagnosticada actinobacilose em 131 (82,39%); piogranuloma estafilocócico em 13 (8,18%) e tuberculose em 15 (9,43%). Em 28 (17,61%) animais não se observaram lesões granulomatosas no estudo histológico. No estudo bacteriológico de 29 amostras isolaram-se Actinobacillus lignieresii em 19 (65,52%) e Staphylococcus aureus em 5 (17,24%); nas 5 amostras restantes não houve crescimento bacteriano em ágar sangue. O estudo histológico dessas lesões confirmou o diagnóstico de actinobacilose e piogranuloma estafilocócico nas amostras em que foram isolados A. lignieresii e S. aureus, respectivamente. Nas amostras em que não houve crescimento bacteriano observaram-se lesões características de tuberculose.
CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOLÓGICAS E PENETRABILIDADE CERVICAL VISANDO A INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM OVINOS
Authors: Souza Maria Inês Lenz , Luz Sérgio Luís Nadal da , Gonçalves Paulo Bayard Dias , Neves Jairo Pereira
Published: August 2014

A forma de abertura, o comprimento, o diâmetro e o número de dobras de 272 cérvices, provenientes de ovelhas abatidas, foram examinados, sendo 134 da raça Ideal e 138 da Corriedale. Adicionalmente, a forma de abertura de 136 ovelhas Corriedale, em serviço de inseminação artificial, foi examinada. A forma de flap foi a mais freqüente em ambas as raças, com uma média de 52,2%, confirmado também nos animais inseminados. O comprimento cervical médio foi de 5,9cm para a raça Ideal e 5,7cm para a raça Corriedale (p<0,05). O diâmetro médio do cérvix foi de 0,8cm, em ambas as raças. O número de dobras cervicais foi maior para a raça Ideal (4,9) em relação à Corriedale (4,6; p<0,01).Com a finalidade de verificar a penetrabilidade de um cateter de inseminação no cérvix, 136 ovelhas Corriedale, em cio natural, foram submetidas à tentativas de penetração cervical, com (60) e sem (76) tração do tecido adjacente ao orifício cervical. O grau de profundidade alcançado pelo cateter foi classificado numa escala crescente de 0 a 3. Os graus 1 e 3 de penetração foram, respectivamente, o mais e o menos frequente (p<0,0001). Uma maior profundidade de penetração foi alcançada com o uso da tração cervical.
GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE SABIÁ (MIMOSA CAESALPINIAEFOLIA BENTH.) E ALGAROBA (PROSOPIS JULIFLORA (SW) DC)
Authors: Torres Salvador Barros , Firmino João Lopes , Mello Vera Delfina Colvara
Published: August 2014

Estudou-se o efeito da temperatura e do substrato sobre a germinação de sementes de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.) e algaroba (Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC) em condições de laboratório. Foram testadas as temperaturas de 25°C e 30°C constantes e 20-30°C alternadas em substratos de papel toalha, papel mata-borrão e areia. O melhor resultado de germinação para as sementes de sabiá foi obtido com a temperatura de 20-30°C em substrato de papel mata-borrão e a mesma temperatura em substrato de areia, para sementes de algaroba.
Práticas sociais entre línguas em contato: os empréstimos linguísticos do português à Libras
Authors: Rodrigues Isabel Cristina , Baalbaki Angela Corrêa Ferreira
Published: August 2014

Este artigo discute situações de contato entre o português (língua oral-auditiva) e a língua brasileira de sinais - Libras (língua espaço-visual), com o objetivo de investigar o recurso dos empréstimos linguísticos decorrentes das práticas sociais em que se encontram inseridos surdos falantes de Libras no Brasil. Inicialmente, procede-se a uma breve revisão da literatura acerca dos empréstimos, em português e em Libras. Em seguida, apresenta-se, com base em entrevista feita com uma instrutora surda, descrição e análise de informações fornecidas pela colaboradora, visando a dar visibilidade a aspectos da ampliação/renovação lexical da Libras por meio de empréstimos feitos do português. A entrevista realizada foi semidirigida, ou seja, seguiu a utilização de um roteiro previamente elaborado. Com os dados recolhidos e analisados, pretende-se contribuir com as reflexões sobre os processos de formação de sinais em Libras.
Teaching languages to deaf students in Brazil at the intersection of discourses
Authors: Piconi Larissa Bassi
Published: August 2014

This work aims to discuss multilingual issues involving teaching languages to the deaf in Brazilian schools. For this purpose, it proposes an analysis of a set of materials produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Education aimed at situating means through which to act, represent and identify the deaf, as well as practices of teaching Brazilian Sign Language and Portuguese to this social group, based on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework. Investigating discursive practices on this issue is important, as it allows one to identify the changes in the maintenance/transformation of recognition issues regarding the deaf in the Brazilian context. This analysis illustrates a multiplicity of voices that work to establish controversy upon evoking different meanings and a power struggle regarding the preservation of rules that currently guide the processes of language teaching for the deaf in an inclusive perspective.
Fraseologismo em língua de sinais e tradução: uma discussão necessária
Authors: Lemos Andréa Michiles
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as estratégias de interpretação utilizadas no processo tradutório do português para a língua brasileira de sinais (Libras), em interpretações que envolvem Unidades Fraseológicas (UF's) utilizadas por políticos em seus discursos. Considerando que as línguas em questão são de modalidades diferentes, a primeira oral-auditiva e a segunda viso-espacial, levantamos as seguintes questões: Como o intérprete de Libras faz para interpretar UF's do português para a Libras? Quais estratégias de interpretação são utilizadas pelos intérpretes de língua de sinais na interpretação de UF's? Para responder a essas questões analisamos vídeos, com interpretações para a Libras, de Sessões Plenárias da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Ceará. Nosso trabalho se insere no rol das pesquisas descritivas. A análise do corpus aponta para o uso, preferencialmente, de duas estratégias de interpretação das seis estratégias que classificamos.
Physiological constraints on the spread of Alliaria petiolata populations in Massachusetts
Authors: Stinson Kristina A. , Seidler Tristram G.
Published: August 2014

The expansion of plant species into new sites is limited by a combination of environmental conditions and the capacity for adaptive variability in trait expression. Here, we investigated whether and how adaptation to forest edge conditions might be limiting the spread of the invasive plant Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) into the forest interior in eastern Massachusetts. We conducted a common garden experiment to test whether plants from forest edge vs. forest interior microhabitats differ in their plasticity and physiological responses to experimental shading. All plants in the experiment responded to shading with reductions in growth, photosynthetic activity, and reproduction regardless of the source environment, indicating a high degree of plasticity and a strong likelihood that most seeds in our study populations are produced at the forest edge. Effects of the source habitat on physiological function were detectable, but small compared to the magnitude in growth and reproductive responses to light. Plants from the forest edge physiologically outperformed those from the interior when grown in the shade, but had equally low reproductive success. Plants originating in the forest interior, in contrast, demonstrated greater allocation to growth in relation to photosynthesis and reproduction compared to plants originating at the forest edge. We compare our findings to earlier work on the importance of plasticity for invasive spread in this species, and conclude that failure by garlic mustard to invade some forest interior sites is due in part to overwhelming reproductive and physiological disadvantages in low light. We further suggest that in some cases shade tolerance in this species is constrained in favor of plastic responses that optimize fitness in high light conditions. The implications for geographic variation in the spread and management of this species are discussed.
Quality Improvement Project: Implementing Guidelines Supporting Noninvasive Respiratory Management for Premature Infants
Authors: Waskosky Aksana , Huey Tricia K.
Published: August 2014

Purpose:Based on research evidence, the purpose was to implement noninvasive approaches in the initial respiratory stabilization of preterm infants.

Design:Quality improvement project.

Sample:One hundred fourteen infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care nursery (NICN) from January 1, 2012 to May 31, 2012 served as a historical control group. Ninety-four infants admitted from January 1, 2013 to May 31, 2013 served as the intervention group.

Results:After implementation of the quality improvement initiative, there was a statistically significant increase in the rate of using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by 65.3 percent for initial respiratory stabilization of preterm infants.
Extended Family Support for Parents Faced with Life-Support Decisions for Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Kavanaugh Karen , Nantais-Smith Leanne M. , Savage Teresa , Schim Stephanie Myers , Natarajan Girija
Published: August 2014

Purpose: To outline parents’ descriptions of extended family involvement and support surrounding decision making for their extremely preterm infant.

Design: Collective case study design in a prospective, descriptive, longitudinal research. Seventy-five digitally recorded interviews were done with parents before and after the birth.

Sample: Fifty-four parents (40 mothers, 14 fathers).

Main Outcome Variable: Categories of family involvement and support in the parents’ decision making.

Results: Most parents did not seek advice from family members for life-support decisions made prenatally. Instead, parents made the decision as a couple with their physician without seeking family input. Family members provided certain types of support: emotional support, advice and information, prayer, and instrumental help such as child care. Most parents described at least one way their family supported them. For postnatal and end-of-life decisions, parents were more likely to seek advice from extended family in addition to the other forms of support.
Proposed Alternative Method for Calculating Emissions From Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
Authors: Sexton Andrew , Hinman Lee , McKaskle Ray , Fisher Kevin
Published: August 2014

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule, published in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at Title 40, Part 98 (40 CFR 98), as a tool to help policy makers assess potential actions to take regarding greenhouse gases (GHGs). subpart W, "Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems," of 40 CFR 98 prescribes GHG-emission-estimation methodologies and reporting requirements for the oil and gas industry. One area where significant issues remain to be resolved is the estimation of GHG emissions from the act of flowing back gas wells after recent hydraulic fracturing operations.

As an alternative to measuring the flowback volume of GHG emissions from a fractured well, EPA presented equations for sonic and subsonic flow, which appear to be derived from the ideal-gas law. Anecdotal evidence from member companies of multiple trade organizations indicated that these equations may overestimate flow rates by as much as 600%.

Noble Energy Incorporated (Noble), with the help of Trimeric Corporation (Trimeric), investigated and evaluated empirical methods to estimate GHG emissions from flowback operations that follow hydraulic fracturing. A number of earlier developed correlations for multiphase flow were considered before choosing the Gilbert-type correlation as a potentially applicable equation for this case. The goal of this analysis was to compare the accuracy of the ideal-gas-type equation in a multiphase-flow regime with a Gilbert-type predictive multiphase-flow correlation by use of site-specific and field-regressed coefficients.

Measured data for daily and total cumulative gas, water, and oil produced, choke size, and tubing pressure for several wells within a field are needed to develop field-regressed coefficients for the Gilbert-type equation. However, once they have been determined, singular daily average values of choke size, tubing pressure, and rate of produced liquid (oil and water) are all that is required to predict the total volume of produced-gas emissions for other flowback operations in the field.

The results of this study indicate that the Gilbert-type correlation with field-regressed coefficients predicts the overall volume of gas produced during a flowback operation more accurately than the single-phase flow EPA Eq. W-11B in 40 CFR 98.
Taking CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery to the Offshore Gulf of Mexico: A Screening-Level Assessment of the Technically and Economically Recoverable Resource
Authors: DiPietro Phil , Kuuskraa Vello , Malone Taylor
Published: August 2014

This paper evaluates the recoverable crude-oil resource associated with applying carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to reservoirs in the offshore Gulf of Mexico (GOM). By use of data maintained by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), a database containing 531 oil fields with total oil originally in place (OOIP) of 69 billion bbl was used for the study. A total of 391 fields, representing 35% of the OOIP, were screened out at as not amenable to CO2 EOR because of size, residual oil saturation (ROS), and/or well spacing. For the remaining 140 oil fields (containing 696 reservoirs), the data elements required to model a CO2-EOR flood, such as sweep efficiency and heterogeneity, were derived by use of a variety of methods. Crude-oil production and CO2-demand profiles were produced from streamtube finite-difference simulations for each oil-bearing reservoir. The study assumes that groups of proximate fields will be served by an anchor CO2-supply pipeline (1 billion scf/yr of CO2) at a levelized transportation cost of USD 1.06/Mscf of CO2 (equivalently USD 20/t of CO2). The economic determinations are derived from a crude-oil price of USD 90/bbl, CO2 price of USD 1.59/Mscf (USD 30/t of CO2) at the capture facility plant gate, 18.75% royalty, and a 20% rate of return before taxes. BOEM projects that 182 billion bbl of OOIP remains undiscovered, 2.5 times the discovered resource. The BOEM database of discovered fields cuts off after 2008, and a portion of the undiscovered resource, 40 billion bbl of OOIP, has since been announced as discovered. Data from the analysis of discovered oil fields were used to estimate the expected CO2 EOR from the undiscovered oil fields. Under the current CO2-EOR technology scenario, the economically recoverable resources (ERR) are 0.8 billion bbl, a small fraction of the technically recoverable resource (TRR) of 23.5 billion bbl. The average efficiency of CO2 use in the ERR oil fields is estimated to be 7.2 Mscf/bbl and the associated demand for CO2 supply is 5.8 Tcf. Under a scenario with next-generation CO2-EOR performance, the ERR increases significantly to 14.9 billion bbl and 74 Tcf of CO2 demand, consistent with an improved use efficiency of 5.0 Mscf of CO2/bbl. Thirty-five percent of the total ERR estimate is from discovered fields, whereas the remaining 65% is from undiscovered fields.
The Fluoroscopic Technique for Monitoring Distraction of a Non-Invasive Lengthening Device in Early Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Thakar C. , Sonecha S. , Rolton D. , Nnadi C.
Published: August 2014

Study Design:

Prospective non-randomised.

Objective:

To evaluate radiation exposure using fluoroscopy compared to x-rays in the monitoring of a growing rod system.

Background:

The integrity of implants in the treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is usually monitored with repeated
plain x-rays. The cumulative dosage of ionizing radiation may be high. Children are highly sensitive to the carcinogenic
effects of radiation and have a longer life span in which to reflect this risk. Fluoroscopy is commonly used to obtain
focused images in other areas of orthopaedics. It has the advantage of less radiation intensity due to flash exposure. We
have used fluoroscopy to monitor the lengthening of a non-invasive growing rod system in the treatment of EOS. We
report on the results.

Methods:

The technique was initially refined in vitro by performing an audit in which 10 radiographers screened a
phantom spine (Plastic dummy) with an implanted non - invasive growing rod device. Pulse rate setting was 3. Average
exposure time was 0.01 seconds. Average radiation dose was 0.04 μGym2. A plain x-ray of the same phantom spine
yielded a radiation dose of 0.5 μGym2.

Radiation exposure using fluoroscopy was compared to that received using plain radiographs in ten consecutive patients
treated for EOS. There were 8 males and 2 females. Average age 5.2 years.

Results:

Mean radiation exposure using fluoroscopy was 0.0046 mSv compared to an average radiation exposure of 0.115
mSv using standard x-rays (p<0.003). Mean cancer induction risk was calculated to potentially reduce from 1:225,000 to
1:4.9 million.

Conclusion:

We would recommend fluoroscopy as a useful technique to monitor the lengthening of a non-invasive
growing rod system due to the significantly smaller radiation exposure.
Recognition and classification of Produce affected by identically looking Powdery Mildew disease
Authors: Pujari Jagadeesh D. , Yakkundimath Rajesh , Byadgi Abdulmunaf S.
Published: August 2014

Plant diseases are visually observable patterns of a particular plant. Varieties of plant diseases, which are recognized by human beings, are identical or look similar in appearance. In this paper, we have considered recognition of fungal disease symptom like powdery mildew, looking similar in appearance affected on different produce. The powdery mildew symptom affected on produce like grape, mango, chili, wheat, beans and sunflower are considered for classification. Colour and texture features are extracted from image samples of produce affected by powdery mildew symptom. The extracted features are then used as inputs to knowledge-based and artificial neural network (ANN) classifiers and tests are performed to classify image samples. The colour analysis is done using Red, Green, Blue (RGB) and Hue, Saturation, Intensity (HSI) models. Texture analysis is done using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The overall average classification accuracy with colour, texture and combined features are 70.48 %, 70.07 % and 76.61 % respectively using the ANN classifier. The overall average classification accuracy has increased to 71.92 %, 80.60 % and 87.80 % with colour, texture and combined features respectively using the knowledge-based classifier.
Employees’ education as an element of the Human Resource Management – Polish experience
Authors: Sobocka-Szczapa Halina
Published: August 2014

The importance of professional training cannot be overemphasized. In any organization, it is conducive to a better implementation of the tasks, and through it – increasing efficiency. For those directly involved – employees – lifelong learning is the premise of job retention. The aim of this paper is to present the results of research study – both quantitative and qualitative – describing ways in which employers may support employees’ educational activity.
Physical fitness in female soccer players by player position: a focus on anaerobic power
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis T.
Published: August 2014

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between player position and physical fitness, with an emphasis on anaerobic power, in female soccer players.

Methods

For this purpose, 54 first league female soccer players were recruited. They included goalkeepers (n = 4, age 22.89 ± 4.37 years), defenders (n = 21, 21.92 ± 3.81 years), midfielders (n = 22, 21.71 ± 4.70 years) and attackers (n = 7, 20.43 ± 4.70 years). Participants’ anthropometric characteristics were measured and a physical fitness test battery was administered.

Results

significant differences were observed in body fat percentage (F3,50 = 3.06, p = 0.036, η2 = 0.16) with goalkeepers being fatter than defenders (mean difference 6.1%; 95% CI 0.3,11.9). Positional differences were also found in the sit-and-reach test (F3,50 = 4.46, p = 0.007, η2 = 0.21), in which goalkeepers scored lower than defenders (-11.4 cm; 95% CI -21.4, -1.5) and midfielders (-10.0 cm; 95% CI -19.9, 0). Comparison of fat mass and endomorphy were statistically significant (p = 0.057 and p = 0.062, respectively), with goalkeepers showing the highest values; these differences were in the same direction as with body fat percentage. No positional differences were found in the other physical fitness components (aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, and muscle strength).

Conclusions

Differences among player positions were observed in body composition (highest body fat percentage in goalkeepers) and flexibility (lowest score in goalkeepers). These trends are in agreement with previously published data concerning elite soccer players. These findings might be used as reference data by coaches and trainers to identify talent, select players, and monitor training.