bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« ON N’A PLUS LES CONTES QUE L’ON AVAIT »
Authors: BELLETÊTE MARISE
Published: September 2018

Présenté comme un « antépisode moderne au conte de Cendrillon », le roman
Javotte de Simon Boulerice s’inscrit dans le courant des variations
cendrillonesques, en référant aux versions de Charles Perrault et des frères Grimm, ainsi
qu’à l’adaptation filmique de Walt Disney. Toutefois, il a la particularité de se recentrer
plutôt sur le personnage de la demi-soeur, « tirée d’un conte de fées, mais catapultée dans
son xxie siècle » (Javotte, p. 105), qui
est tiraillée entre sa méchanceté et le fantasme obsessif de ressembler à une princesse.
L’imaginaire archaïque du conte nourrissant l’intrigue y est ainsi détourné par la
narratrice entretenant un rapport trouble avec ces oeuvres. Dans cet article, l’auteure
cherche plus particulièrement à dégager la vision subversive et parodique que le roman
propose de l’éclatement de la mémoire des contes merveilleux à notre époque, où l’« [o]n n’a
plus les contes que l’on avait » (Javotte, p. 105), tout en montrant comment leur
accumulation participe à l’ambiguïté identitaire de la narratrice, qui cherche simultanément
à s’y comparer et à les mettre à mal.
Points de vue d’aînés présentant une déficience intellectuelle sur leur participation sociale : une recension des écrits
Authors: Milot Élise , Beaudoin Raphaëlle , Leblanc Fanny , Gagnon Marie , Grandisson Marie , Raymond Émilie , Caouette Martin
Published: September 2018

Au cours des dernières décennies, l’espérance de vie des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle a grandement augmenté. La croissance constante de cette population soulève l’importance de bien connaître leur réalité pour répondre à leurs besoins de participation sociale. Cette recension des écrits vise à décrire les points de vue des personnes aînées présentant une déficience intellectuelle (PADI) sur le sujet. L’analyse des 19 articles retenus soutient que l’avancée en âge est une période remplie de promesses pour certaines, et une expérience marquée par la rupture, le conflit et le déracinement pour d’autres. Les PADI souhaitent se sentir utiles, participer activement aux prises de décision les concernant et être soutenues dans le développement de relations significatives avec des membres de leur communauté.
La recherche qualitative : le vecteur d’une innovation sociale et organisationnelle destinée aux personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle ou un trouble du spectre de l’autisme
Authors: Godin-Tremblay Valérie , Lussier-Desrochers Dany
Published: September 2018

Dans une société où les changements surviennent à une vitesse fulgurante, les acteurs et les organisations se retrouvent constamment en processus d’adaptation face à de nouvelles pratiques permettant d’améliorer les services à la clientèle. Celles-ci doivent être documentées et peuvent bénéficier de la perspective des acteurs qui les vivent. Dans ce contexte, le propos ci-dessous présente la contribution de la recherche qualitative dans le déploiement d’une innovation, en s’intéressant à la perspective des acteurs, qu’ils soient des membres du personnel ou de la clientèle. Puis, à travers les différents aspects méthodologiques, la place stratégique que peuvent occuper les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle ou un trouble du spectre de l’autisme dans le déploiement d’une pratique novatrice leur étant destinée montrée, soit l’intervention technoclinique.
Enseignement avec l’album jeunesse auprès d’un élève ayant des incapacités intellectuelles
Authors: Beaulieu Judith , Moreau André C.
Published: September 2018

Le présent texte résume une recherche réalisée en collaboration entre une chercheuse et une enseignante et vise à présenter la mise en oeuvre de l’enseignement avec la littérature de jeunesse, spécifiquement avec l’album de jeunesse (livre court destiné aux enfants ou aux adolescents, où l’illustration et l’image soutiennent la compréhension) auprès d’une élève ayant des incapacités intellectuelles sévères ou profondes. Il s’agit d’une recherche collaborative de nature descriptive et exploratoire. Les résultats décrivent l’appropriation de pratiques d’enseignement avec la littérature de jeunesse par une enseignante auprès d’une élève ayant des incapacités intellectuelles sévères ou profondes. Il est question tant des caractéristiques de l’enseignante, que du contexte de la classe, de l’environnement et du choix des livres.
Projet de vie : regard des adultes avec une trisomie 21 et des aidants (familles et professionnels)
Authors: Landuran Audrey , N’Kaoua Bernard
Published: September 2018

Le projet de vie occupe une place centrale dans l’accompagnement de personnes en situation de handicap. En effet, avoir des projets a des répercussions favorables notamment sur l’inclusion sociale. Cette pré-étude fut réalisée dans le but de préciser cette notion ainsi que les enjeux qu’elle représente pour les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) et pour leur entourage. L’analyse d’entretiens permet de proposer une définition du projet de vie et de souligner les difficultés rencontrées par les différentes parties prenantes dans l’accompagnement des personnes avec DI. Suite à cette pré-étude, les chercheurs ont pu concevoir un assistant numérique d’aide à l’élaboration d’un projet de vie répondant aux remarques et difficultés soulevées par les futurs utilisateurs et l’ensemble des personnes concernées.
L’art outdoor comme facteur de modification de l’espace-temps urbain
Authors: Iselin Laurence
Published: September 2018

Cet article propose une analyse philosophique des implications de l’implantation d’oeuvres d’art dans l’espace-temps urbain, par opposition à leur devenir au sein de l’espace muséal. En effet, le musée est un espace où nous plaçons des objets à l’abri de la corruption du temps. De ce point de vue, l’oeuvre d’art peut se définir comme un objet qui dure (Arendt, 1972). Notre hypothèse consiste donc à soutenir que les oeuvres d’art se définissent par une temporalité propre, ce qui, lorsqu’elles sont implantées dans l’espace public urbain, entraîne des modifications de sa temporalité et de ses usages. Après avoir déterminé la temporalité propre à l’oeuvre d’art, nous examinons dans quelle mesure l’implantation d’oeuvres d’art dans l’espace urbain modifie cet espace lui-même ainsi que l’expérience et les usages que nous en faisons. Enfin, nous nous demandons si le développement de l’art dans l’espace urbain n’occasionne pas un changement de paradigme, la notion d’accessibilité laissant place à celle de participation.
L’étrangeté du familier : pour un renouvellement de la théorie du monde social d’Alfred Schütz
Authors: Lafontaine Simon
Published: September 2018

La sociologie d’Alfred Schütz a le potentiel de saisir la complexité des rapports entre familiarité et étrangeté qui se tissent dans le quotidien des sociétés contemporaines. Néanmoins, ses analyses de la venue d’un étranger au sein d’un groupe, qu’on retrouve dans son fameux essai « L’étranger », rencontrent des difficultés appelant une reconstruction critique. Une relecture de ses thèses de fond sur la typification sociale et la connaissance familière met en évidence les limites du recours à l’idéal type du migrant, qui accorde une primauté à la relation externe à l’étrangeté. Cette approche du problème de l’appartenance surdétermine la conformité des pratiques et des routines à l’intérieur du groupe accueillant l’étranger sur son territoire. La prise en compte de l’altérité interne ouvre alors la discussion à l’étrangeté latente au sein dunouset dumoien revisitant des outils de la phénoménologie sociale.
L’affectif révélateur de l’« être-là » : éléments conceptuels, méthodologiques et empiriques
Authors: Laffont Georges-Henry , Martouzet Denis
Published: September 2018

Cet article propose une synthèse de travaux menés depuis deux décennies sur la question du rapport à l’espace notamment dans sa dimension affective. Il en ressort que la connaissance du rapport affectif à l’espace, définie comme le résultat conjoint de l’interaction entre expériences (pratiques, pensées, actes manqués, émotions, etc., survenues en des lieux), leurs retraitements à travers les souvenirs et les projections, anticipations, permet de saisir la construction d’un « être-là » défini comme la synthèse, d’une part, de l’évaluation qualitative que l’individu fait de sa situation à un moment donné au regard de sa trajectoire et, d’autre part, de l’évaluation de ses capacités à maîtriser les distances entre sa localisation et les lieux et donc les liens qui comptent pour lui. Cet « être-là » signifie, au regard de ce qu’un individu est et/ou souhaite devenir, le maintien toujours remis en cause d’un triple équilibre dynamique : entre être à la bonne place et à la bonne distance, entre la part active du « faire avec » et sa part passive, entre un passé valorisé, dévalorisant, assumé ou rejeté et un futur souhaité ou craint.
Les variations temporelles de la fréquence des violences physiques en contexte conjugal
Authors: Blondin1 Odrée , Ouellet Frédéric , Leclerc Chloé
Published: September 2018

La violence conjugale vécue par une femme est un phénomène dynamique qui évolue à travers le temps. En dépit de ce fait, peu d’études y sont consacrées. On connaît notamment peu les facteurs derrière l’intensité de la violence et ses variations au fil du temps. La présente étude propose de combler ces lacunes en examinant les trajectoires individuelles de femmes qui ont été victimes de violence conjugale. Plus spécifiquement, l’objectif est d’analyser l’évolution de la fréquence de la violence physique à travers le temps. L’échantillon se compose de 53 femmes qui ont toutes subi des violences en contexte conjugal à l’intérieur d’une période fenêtre des 36 derniers mois. Les trajectoires individuelles de ces femmes ont été reconstruites en utilisant la méthode des calendriers d’histoire de vie. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que la fréquence de ces violences physiques varie grandement d’une victime à l’autre, mais elle varie également au sein même des trajectoires de chacune de ces femmes. Ils montrent également que pour comprendre comment évoluent ces violences, il faut impérativement considérer les caractéristiques de la victime, du conjoint et de leur relation, mais aussi les circonstances de vie qui changent au cours des trajectoires. Un autre résultat important est l’impact du temps qui passe. En effet, on constate que, de manière générale, la fréquence de la violence tend à augmenter au fil des mois. L’étude des trajectoires de violence conjugale constitue assurément un chemin vers une meilleure connaissance du phénomène et une meilleure intervention auprès des victimes.
Insulin regulates POMC neuronal plasticity to control glucose metabolism
Authors: Dodd Garron T , Michael Natalie J , Lee-Young Robert S , Mangiafico Salvatore P , Pryor Jack T , Munder Astrid C , Simonds Stephanie E , Brüning Jens Claus , Zhang Zhong-Yin , Cowley Michael A , Andrikopoulos Sofianos , Horvath Tamas L , Spanswick David , Tiganis Tony
Published: September 2018

Hypothalamic neurons respond to nutritional cues by altering gene expression and neuronal excitability. The mechanisms that control such adaptive processes remain unclear. Here we define populations of POMC neurons in mice that are activated or inhibited by insulin and thereby repress or inhibit hepatic glucose production (HGP). The proportion of POMC neurons activated by insulin was dependent on the regulation of insulin receptor signaling by the phosphatase TCPTP, which is increased by fasting, degraded after feeding and elevated in diet-induced obesity. TCPTP-deficiency enhanced insulin signaling and the proportion of POMC neurons activated by insulin to repress HGP. Elevated TCPTP in POMC neurons in obesity and/or after fasting repressed insulin signaling, the activation of POMC neurons by insulin and the insulin-induced and POMC-mediated repression of HGP. Our findings define a molecular mechanism for integrating POMC neural responses with feeding to control glucose metabolism.
Humidity response depends on the small soluble protein Obp59a in Drosophila
Authors: Sun Jennifer S , Larter Nikki K , Chahda J Sebastian , Rioux Douglas , Gumaste Ankita , Carlson John R
Published: September 2018

Hygrosensation is an essential sensory modality that is used to find sources of moisture. Hygroreception allows animals to avoid desiccation, an existential threat that is increasing with climate change. Humidity response, however, remains poorly understood. Here we find that humidity-detecting sensilla in the Drosophila antenna express and rely on a small protein, Obp59a. Mutants lacking this protein are defective in three hygrosensory behaviors, one operating over seconds, one over minutes, and one over hours. Remarkably, loss of Obp59a and humidity response leads to an increase in desiccation resistance. Obp59a is an exceptionally well-conserved, highly localized, and abundantly expressed member of a large family of secreted proteins. Antennal Obps have long been believed to transport hydrophobic odorants, and a role in hygroreception was unexpected. The results enhance our understanding of hygroreception, Obp function, and desiccation resistance, a process that is critical to insect survival.
Parvalbumin expression and gamma oscillation occurrence increase over time in a neurodevelopmental model of NMDA receptor dysfunction
Authors: van Lier Ben , Hierlemann Andreas , Knoflach Frédéric
Published: September 2018

Dysfunction of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental diseases like schizophrenia. To study the effects of NMDAR dysfunction on synaptic transmission and network oscillations, we used hippocampal tissue of NMDAR subunit GluN2A knockout (KO) mice. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded in acute hippocampal slices of adult animals. Synaptic transmission was impaired in GluN2A KO slices compared to wild-type (WT) slices. Further, to investigate whether NMDAR dysfunction would alter neurodevelopment in vitro, we used organotypic hippocampal slice cultures of WT and GluN2A KO mice. Immunostaining performed with cultures kept two, seven, 14, 25 days in vitro (DIV) revealed an increasing expression of parvalbumin (PV) over time. As a functional readout, oscillatory activity induced by the cholinergic agonist carbachol was recorded in cultures kept seven, 13, and 26 DIV using microelectrode arrays. Initial analysis focused on the occurrence of delta, theta, beta and gamma oscillations over genotype, DIV and hippocampal area (CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG)). In a follow-up analysis, we studied the peak frequency and the peak power of each of the four oscillation bands per condition. The occurrence of gamma oscillations displayed an increase by DIV similar to the PV immunostaining. Unlike gamma occurrence, delta, theta, and beta occurrence did not change over time in culture. The peak frequency and peak power in the different bands of the oscillations were not different in slices of WT and GluN2A KO mice. However, the level of PV expression was lower in GluN2A KO compared to WT mice. Given the role of PV-containing fast-spiking basket cells in generation of oscillations and the decreased PV expression in subjects with schizophrenia, the study of gamma oscillations in organotypic hippocampal slices represents a potentially valuable tool for the characterization of novel therapeutic drugs.
Transkingdom network reveals bacterial players associated with cervical cancer gene expression program
Authors: Lam Khiem Chi , Vyshenska Dariia , Hu Jialu , Rodrigues Richard Rosario , Nilsen Anja , Zielke Ryszard A. , Brown Nicholas Samuel , Aarnes Eva-Katrine , Sikora Aleksandra E. , Shulzhenko Natalia , Lyng Heidi , Morgun Andrey
Published: September 2018

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide with human papillomavirus (HPV) being the main cause the disease. Chromosomal amplifications have been identified as a source of upregulation for cervical cancer driver genes but cannot fully explain increased expression of immune genes in invasive carcinoma. Insight into additional factors that may tip the balance from immune tolerance of HPV to the elimination of the virus may lead to better diagnosis markers. We investigated whether microbiota affect molecular pathways in cervical carcinogenesis by performing microbiome analysis via sequencing 16S rRNA in tumor biopsies from 121 patients. While we detected a large number of intra-tumor taxa (289 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)), we focused on the 38 most abundantly represented microbes. To search for microbes and host genes potentially involved in the interaction, we reconstructed a transkingdom network by integrating a previously discovered cervical cancer gene expression network with our bacterial co-abundance network and employed bipartite betweenness centrality. The top ranked microbes were represented by the familiesBacillaceae,Halobacteriaceae, andPrevotellaceae. While we could not define the first two families to the species level,Prevotellaceaewas assigned toPrevotella bivia. By co-culturing a cervical cancer cell line withP. bivia, we confirmed that three out of the ten top predicted genes in the transkingdom network (lysosomal associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), STAT1, TAP1), all regulators of immunological pathways, were upregulated by this microorganism. Therefore, we propose that intra-tumor microbiota may contribute to cervical carcinogenesis through the induction of immune response drivers, including the well-known cancer gene LAMP3.
European population trends and current conservation status of an endangered steppe-bird species: the Dupont’s lark Chersophilus duponti
Authors: Gómez-Catasús Julia , Pérez-Granados Cristian , Barrero Adrián , Bota Gerard , Giralt David , López-Iborra Germán M. , Serrano David , Traba Juan
Published: September 2018

Background

Steppe-birds face drastic population declines throughout Europe. The Dupont’s lark Chersophilus duponti is an endangered steppe-bird species whose European distribution is restricted to Spain. This scarce passerine bird could be considered an ‘umbrella species’, since its population trends may reveal the conservation status of shrub-steppes. However, trends for the Spanish, and thus European, population of Dupont’s lark are unknown. In this work, we evaluated Dupont’s lark population trends in Europe employing the most recent and largest compiled database to date (92 populations over 12 years). In addition, we assessed the species threat category according to current applicable criteria (approved in March 2017) in the Spanish catalogue of threatened species (SCTS), which have never been applied to the Dupont’s lark nor to any other Spanish species. Finally, we compared the resulting threat categories with the current conservation status at European, national and regional levels.

Methods

We fitted switching linear trend models (software TRIM—Trends and Indices for Monitoring data) to evaluate population trends at national and regional scale (i.e. per Autonomous Community) during the period 2004–2015. In addition, the average finite annual rate of change ($\overline \lambda $) obtained from the TRIM analysis was employed to estimate the percentage of population size change in a 10-year period. A threat category was assigned following A1 and A2 criteria applicable in the SCTS.

Results

Trends showed an overall 3.9% annual decline rate for the Spanish population (moderate decline, following TRIM). Regional analyses showed high inter-regional variability. We forecasted a 32.8% average decline over the next 10 years. According to these results, the species should be listed as ‘Vulnerable’ at a national scale (SCTS). At the regional level, the conservation status of the species is of particular concern in Andalusia and Castile-Leon, where the species qualifies for listing as ‘Endangered’.

Discussion

Our results highlight the concerning conservation status of the European Dupont’s lark population, undergoing a 3.9% annual decline rate. Under this scenario, the implementation of a wide-ranging conservation plan is urgently needed and is vital to ensuring the conservation of this steppe-bird species. The role of administrations in matters of nature protection and the cataloguing of endangered species is crucial to reverse declining population trends of this and other endangered taxa.
Eficácia de [atrazine + mesotrione] para o controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho
Authors: Matte Willian Daróz , Oliveira Jr. Rubem Silvério de , Machado Fellipe Goulart , Constantin Jamil , Biffe Denis Fernando , Gutierrez Francisco De Souza Dias , Silva João Renato Vaz da
Published: September 2018

Para aumentar o espectro de controle das plantas daninhas na cultura do milho, a formulação de herbicidas com princípios ativos de diferentes mecanismos de ação é uma alternativa importante. Objetivou-se avaliar o controle promovido pelo novo herbicida Calaris®, mistura formulada de [atrazine+mesotrione] aplicado em pós-emergência das plantas daninhas, de forma isolada ou em mistura com outros herbicidas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, um para cada planta daninha avaliada, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 16 tratamentos e quatro repetições. As sementes das plantas daninhas (Conyza bonariensis, Urochloa decumbens, Cenchrus echinatus, Digitaria horizontalis, Urochloa plantaginea, Ipomoea grandifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa, Glycine max e Commelina benghalensis) foram semeadas em vasos com volume de 5 dm3 a uma densidade de 20 sementes por vaso. Os tratamentos herbicidas foram aplicados em pós-emergência e foram constituídos por [atrazine+mesotrione] isolado ou em mistura com glyphosate, tembotrione e nicosulfuron; atrazine isolado ou em mistura com glyphosate, mesotrione, tembotrione e nicusulfuron; glyphosate isolado e testemunha sem aplicação. A aplicação dos tratamentos de cada experimento foi realizada em datas distintas, levando em consideração o estádio de desenvolvimento das plantas daninhas. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de controle em relação às plantas daninhas aos 7, 14 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas. A nova formulação herbicida [atrazine+mesotrione] controlou de forma eficaz a maioria das plantas daninhas avaliadas, exceto Cenchrus echinatus e Urochloa decumbens, entretanto, o controle eficaz foi obtido quando em associação com outros herbicidas, principalmente ao glyphosate.
Data Evaluation
Authors: Uemoto Michihisa
Published: September 2018

Analytical measurements are ordinary and routine operations not only in chemistry but also in our daily lives. We use analytical results in the assumption that they are accurate enough to utilize from academic and practical perspectives. But how can we obtain ‘accurate’ results? Analytical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the identification of compounds and mixtures qualitatively and the determination of the proportions of the constituents quantitatively. Thus, we must take efforts for satisfactory measurements by using analytical chemistry. However, not a few specialists consider that measured data are simply valid as they are. We should first inspect the reliability of measured data, estimate their uncertainties, round their numbers properly, and, finally, report them as analytical results. Data evaluation is an indispensable field of analytical chemistry, which all analytical chemists must know. This article deals with data evaluation and analytical reliability through simple explanations. First, social systems on reliability of measurement are briefly described. Then, significant numbers and rounding rules, detection and quantitation limits, and analytical terminology have been discussed. Concept of measurement uncertainty and its estimation with a practical example have been discussed. Lastly, statistical tests for a judgment or a decision according to an analytical result, which is important for discussion, are briefly mentioned.
X‐Rays Analysis for Space Sciences: X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Simionovici Alexandre , Lemelle Laurence
Published: September 2018

X‐ray analysis was introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century, right after the discovery of X‐rays. It represents a specific group of methods of investigation of samples that share the same probe, the X‐rays, and produces nondestructive, highly varied results of the intrinsic properties of specimens. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) is the main method of X‐ray analysis and, as such, constitutes the subject of this article, where it is applied to the priceless astromaterials, better known as extraterrestrial samples. These comprise recorded falls (meteorites), samples collected in space, and sample return mission (SRM) specimens brought back to Earth by space missions, or simply by in situ measurements on Solar System bodies, or from remote orbital or flyby analyses thereof.
Microstructure‐Mechanical Property Correlation in Size Controlled Nanocrystalline Molybdenum Films
Authors: Battu Anil K. , Zade Vishal B. , Deemer Eva , Ramana Chintalapalle V.
Published: September 2018

The authors report on the microstructure, crystallography, and mechanical properties of size controlled nanocrystalline (nc) molybdenum (Mo) films deposited by sputtering. The nc‐Mo films of ≈100 nm thick with a variable microstructure are deposited under variable argon (Ar) sputtering pressure (PAr), which is varied in the range of 3–25 mTorr. X‐ray diffraction analyses indicate that the nc‐Mo films exhibit (110) preferential growth. However, the crystal‐quality degradation occurs for Mo films deposited at higher PAr due to difference in the adatom mobility. The average crystallite size (d) of the nc‐Mo films is in the range of 5–20 nm; size decreases with increasing PAr. The effect of sputtering pressure is significant on the microstructure, which in turn influences the mechanical characteristics of Mo films. The hardness (H) and modulus of elasticity (Er) of nc‐Mo films deposited at lower PAr are higher but decreases continuously with increasing PAr. Under optimum sputtering conditions, the best mechanical characteristics obtained for Mo films are: H = 25 GPa, Er = 360 GPa, H/Er = 0.07, and H3/ = 0.13 GPa. A size‐microstructure‐mechanical property correlation in nc‐Mo films is derived based on the results presented and discussed.
A Self‐Folding Polymer Film Based on Swelling Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Troyano Javier , Carné‐Sánchez Arnau , Pérez‐Carvajal Javier , León‐Reina Laura , Imaz Inhar , Cabeza Aurelio , Maspoch Daniel
Published: September 2018

Herein, we exploit the well‐known swelling behaviour of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to create a self‐folding polymer film. Namely, we show that incorporating crystals of the flexible MOF MIL‐88A into a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) matrix affords a polymer composite film that undergoes reversible shape transformations upon exposure to polar solvents and vapours. Since the self‐folding properties of this film correlate directly with the swelling properties of the MIL‐88A crystals, it selectively bends to certain solvents and its degree of folding can be controlled by controlling the relative humidity. Moreover, it shows a shape‐memory effect at relative humidity values from 60 % to 90 %. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that these composite films can lift cargo and can be used to assemble 3D structures from 2D patterns. Our strategy is a straightforward method for designing autonomous soft materials with folding properties that can be tuned by judicious choice of the constituent flexible MOF.
Chalcogen Bonding: An Overview
Authors: Vogel Lukas , Wonner Patrick , Huber Stefan M.
Published: September 2018

In the last few decades, “unusual” noncovalent interactions like anion‐π and halogen bonding have emerged as interesting alternatives to the ubiquitous hydrogen bonding in many research areas. This is also true, to a somewhat lesser extent, for chalcogen bonding, the noncovalent interaction involving Lewis acidic chalcogen centers. Herein, we aim to provide an overview on the use of chalcogen bonding in crystal engineering and in solution, with a focus on the recent developments concerning intermolecular chalcogen bonding in solution‐phase applications. In the solid phase, chalcogen bonding has been used for the construction of nano‐sized structures and the self‐assembly of sophisticated self‐complementary arrays. In solution, until very recently applications mostly focused on intramolecular interactions which stabilized the conformation of intermediates or reagents. In the last few years, intermolecular chalcogen bonding has increasingly also been exploited in solution, most notably in anion recognition and transport as well as in organic synthesis and organocatalysis.
Stabilizing n‐Type Cubic GeSe by Entropy‐Driven Alloying of AgBiSe2: Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and Promising Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Roychowdhury Subhajit , Ghosh Tanmoy , Arora Raagya , Waghmare Umesh V. , Biswas Kanishka
Published: September 2018

The realization of n‐type Ge chalcogenides is elusive owing to intrinsic Ge vacancies that make them p‐type semiconductors. GeSe crystallizes into a layered orthorhombic structure similar to SnSe at ambient conditions. The high‐symmetry cubic phase of GeSe is predicted to be stabilized by applying 7 GPa external pressure or by enhancing the entropy by increasing to temperature to 920 K. Stabilization of the n‐type cubic phase of GeSe at ambient conditions was achieved by alloying with AgBiSe2 (30–50 mol %), enhancing the entropy through solid solution mixing. The interplay of positive and negative chemical pressure anomalously changes the band gap of GeSe with increasing the AgBiSe2 concentration. The band gap of n‐type cubic (GeSe)1−x(AgBiSe2)x (0.30≤x≤0.50) has a value in the 0.3–0.4 eV range, which is significantly lower than orthorhombic GeSe (1.1 eV). Cubic (GeSe)1−x(AgBiSe2)x exhibits an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (κL≈0.43 W m−1 K−1) in the 300–723 K range. The low κL is attributed to significant phonon scattering by entropy‐driven enhanced solid‐solution point defects.
SIMes/PCy3 mixed ligand‐coordinated alkyl group‐tagged ruthenium indenylidene complexes: Synthesis, characterization and metathesis activity
Authors: Yu Baoyi , Li Yanli , He Xu , Hamad Fatma B. , Ding Fu , Van Hecke Kristof , Yusubov Mekhman S. , Verpoort Francis
Published: September 2018

We report on the synthesis and characterization of SIMes/PCy3 mixed ligand‐coordinated second‐generation ruthenium catalysts, bearing various 3‐alkyl‐1‐indenylidene ligands, denoted as RuCl2(3‐alkyl‐1‐indenylidene)(SIMes)(PCy3), in which alkyl is isopropyl (4f), tert‐butyl (4g) or cyclohexyl (4h). The characterization of complexes 4f–4h was performed using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, high‐resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the configuration of complexes 4f and 4g was analyzed using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The catalytic activities of 4f–4h were evaluated in the olefin metathesis reaction of the ring‐closing metathesis of diethyl diallylmalonate, and the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cis,cis‐cyclooctadiene in comparison with the reference complex 4a. The results reveal that all complexes 4a and 4f–4h exhibit similar catalytic activity towards the tested substrates. Careful analysis of the catalyst performance and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data of the obtained complexes reveals that the steric modification on the 3‐alkyl group shows a negligible influence on the ligand congestion around the ruthenium center as well as on the catalytic activities in the metathesis reactions.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial screening and DNA binding of novel silver(I)–thienylterpyridine and silver(I)–furylterpyridine complexes
Authors: Njogu Eric M. , Martincigh Bice S. , Omondi Bernard , Nyamori Vincent O.
Published: September 2018

Six new silver(I) complexes, [(AgL1)2](ClO4)2 (1), [(AgOTfL1)2] (2), [(AgO2CF3L1)2] (3), [AgL2](ClO4)2 (4), [(AgOTfL2)2] (5) and [(AgO2CF3L2)2] (6), were synthesized by reaction of 4′‐(2‐thienyl)‐2,2′;6′,2″‐terpyridine (L1) or 4′‐(2‐furyl)‐2,2′;6′,2″‐terpyridine (L2) with the respective silver salts, i.e. AgClO4, AgOTf or AgTFA. The complexes are dinuclear of the type Ag2L2 in which the two ligands utilize the pyridinyl N atoms from the central rings and one of the peripheral rings to coordinate to one of the silver(I) centres while the remaining pyridinyl N atoms coordinate to the second silver(I) centre. Complexes 2 and 5 have the trifluoromethanesulfonate anion remotely coordinating via a single O atom while complex 3 has the trifluoroacetate anion coordinating to a single silver(I) centre in a bidentate mode. The perchlorate anion in complex 4 is excluded from the silver(I) coordination sphere. All complexes demonstrate moderate to high antimicrobial activity against the Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimirium and the fungus Candida albicans. Complexes 1–6 interact strongly with salmon testes DNA as indicated by the steady increase in the relative viscosity of DNA solutions with increasing concentration of the silver(I) complexes and the relatively large intrinsic binding constants measured. There was substantial hyperchromism and hypsochromism recorded in solutions of complexes 1–6 with increasing concentration of salmon testes DNA. Complexes 1–6 interact with DNA via intercalation, and groove and external binding.
Reliability, signature, and relative quality functions of systems under time‐homogeneous load‐sharing models
Authors: Spizzichino Fabio L.
Published: September 2018

For a coherent binary system made of binary components, we consider the assumption that the components' lifetimes are distributed according to a time‐homogeneous, load‐sharing model. Such models are characterized in terms of the so‐called multivariate conditional hazard rate functions. We aim to point out some related properties of the notions of signature, relative quality functions, and reliability functions. On this purpose, we preliminarily collect all the necessary background and review some related literature. This paper concludes with a discussion, also containing some hints for future work.
Determining factors that enable managers to implement an environmental management system for sustainable construction: A case study in Johannesburg
Authors: Ololade Olusola O. , Rametse Palesa P.
Published: September 2018

In this study, the underlying factors that could promote the successful implementation of an environmental management system (EMS) to enhance sustainable construction were considered. The assumption was that the perceptions of top and senior managers affect the success of the implementation of an organisation's EMS. A quantitative, sample‐based approach was used to gather data through online questionnaires; semistructured interviews were also conducted. A targeted sample comprising 198 managers of one company was selected, and 69 responses were received—approximately 35% of the total population sampled. Out of seven top management employees, interviews were conducted with five executives (including the chief executive officer). Descriptive analysis, weighted mean average, and chi‐square test were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that factors that could influence attitudes and perceptions relating to environmental issues among managers in the construction industry are generation (age), level of education, and knowledge and awareness. In this study, older managers and those with higher levels of education were more receptive to promoting environmental issues in the organisation. Even though most of the participants indicated that environmental management was important for their organisation, it was not considered as a priority compared with other issues. However, an EMS was perceived as a formal way to enforce environmental management in their operation. We conclude, therefore, that it is pertinent to include environmental management in the curriculum for the education of construction professionals, so that it forms part of their training.
Interactions between the ACT Domains and Catalytic Subunits of Acetohydroxyacid Synthases (AHASs) from Different Species
Authors: Xie Yonghui , Wen Xin , Zhao Dongmei , Niu Congwei , Zhao Yuefang , Qi Haoman , Xi Zhen
Published: September 2018

Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of branched‐chain amino acids, is a target of several types of potent herbicides and antimicrobials. AHAS contains the catalytic subunit (CS) and the regulatory subunit (RS). The AHAS RS is usually composed of ACT domains and C‐terminal domains. Herein, it is reported that the ACT domain of AHAS RS from different species could efficiently activate its respective CS. Moreover, the universal cross‐activation between the CSs and the ACT domains of RSs across species has been discovered. Based on these biochemical and structural analyses, a molecular basis for the universal ACT‐triggered CS activation is proposed, which would help to design broad‐spectrum herbicides by targeting the interaction interface between CS and ACT from different species.
Growth and Evaluation of Linear Optical, Nonlinear Optical, Thermal, Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Lithium Sodium Sulfate Single Crystals
Authors: Punniyamoorthy R. , Manimekalai R. , Pasupathi G.
Published: September 2018

In recent years, nonlinear optical materials have received attention due to their potential applications in photonics and opto‐electronics. In this pursuit, lithium sodium sulfate (LSS) single crystals are synthesized by adopting a slow evaporation technique at constant temperature (40 °C). The single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) study confirms that the grown LSS belongs to trigonal symmetry with the lattice parameters a = b = 8.452 Å, and c = 30.27 Å. The crystalline nature and purity of LSS are confirmed by the powder XRD technique. The lower cutoff wavelength and optical bandgap of the grown crystal are determined using transmission spectra and found to be 335 nm and 3.5 eV, respectively. The photoluminescence spectrum of the crystal shows the strong blue/green emission at 510 nm, which explains the second harmonic generation (SHG) property. The SHG efficiency is confirmed by the Kurtz and Perry powder method and the SHG efficiency of LSS is 1.09 times greater than that of pottasium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Thermal parameters of the titled material are calculated using a thermogravimetric (TG)/differential thermal analysis (DTA) analyzer. Microhardness studies and the diamagnetic nature of LSS are carried out using a Vicker's hardness tester and a vibration sample magnetometer.
The frailty syndrome and outcomes in the TOPCAT trial
Authors: Sanders Natalie A. , Supiano Mark A. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Liu Jiankang , Claggett Brian , Pfeffer Marc A. , Desai Akshay S. , Sweitzer Nancy K. , Solomon Scott D. , Fang James C.
Published: September 2018

Aims

The impact of frailty on outcomes in randomized heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) trials has not been previously reported. This analysis sought to characterize frailty in a large contemporary HFpEF clinical trial cohort and to evaluate its impact on patient relevant outcomes.

Methods and results

Using data from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial, a frailty index (FI) was constructed at baseline using 39 clinical, laboratory, and self‐reported variables. The relationship between frailty and outcomes and the role of frailty in modulating the benefits of spironolactone were examined in a subset of 1767 TOPCAT patients. For the cohort as a whole (mean age 71.5 years, 49% female), the mean FI at baseline was 0.37 ± 0.11. Four frailty classes were defined ranging from FI < 0.3 to FI ≥ 0.5. Overall, 94% of subjects were considered frail (defined as a FI > 0.21). Mean age was lowest for the most frail class (69 ± 9 years for Class 4; 73 ± 10 years for Class 1; P < 0.001). Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure all increased as FI increased. Both primary and secondary outcomes increased as frailty severity increased. There was no interaction between frailty class and treatment effect of spironolactone.

Conclusions

Frailty was very common in TOPCAT HFpEF participants. Greater frailty was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. The benefit of spironolactone on outcomes in TOPCAT was not attenuated by frailty class.
Synthesis and Characterization of 22‐, 28‐ and 32‐Membered Mercuraazamacrocycles: Isolation of Ring‐Chain Tautomer and Se/Te‐Containing Macrocycles
Authors: Das Shikha , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J.
Published: September 2018

Metal‐free synthesis of [Hg‐{1‐C6H4‐2‐(imidazolidine)}{1′‐C6H4‐2′(‐CHN‐CH2)}]2 (8a) was achieved by (2+2) cyclocondensation of bis(2‐formylphenyl)mercury(II) (6) with diethylenetriamine. The macrocycle exists as a mixture of tautomers 8a and [Hg‐{1,1′‐(C6H4)2‐2,2′‐(CHN)}2‐C2H4NHC2H4]2 (8b). The cyclization was facilitated by Hg···N intermolecular interaction. DFT calculations of tautomers favor the formation of the ring tautomer 8a over the chain tautomer 8b by 18 kcal mol–1. The reduction of a mixture 8a and 8b with sodium borohydride gave a mixture of 28‐membered reduced mercuraazamacrocycle [Hg‐{1,1′‐(C6H4)2‐2,2′‐(CH2NH)}2‐C2H4NHC2H4]2 (12) and 8a. Macrocycle [Hg‐{1,1′‐C6H‐2,3,4‐(OCH3)3‐6,6′‐(CHN)}2‐C2H4NHC2H4]2 (9) was synthesized by (2+2) dipodal condensation of bis(6‐formyl‐{2,3,4‐trimethoxy}phenyl)mercury(II) (7) with diethylenetriamine to obtain the 28‐membered chain tautomer of macrocycle 9. Reaction of 7 with diethylenetriamine did not give the ring tautomer. 32‐Membered selenium‐ and tellurium‐containing Schiff base macrocycles [Hg‐{1,1′‐C6H‐2,3,4‐(OCH3)3‐6,6′‐(CHN)}2‐ C3H6SeC3H6]2 (10), [Hg‐{1,1′‐C6H‐2,3,4‐(OCH3)3‐6,6′‐(CHN)}2‐C3H6TeC3H6]2 (11), and mercuraazametallocryptand [Hg‐{1,1′‐C6H‐2,3,4‐(OCH3)3‐6,6′‐(CHN)}2‐{N(C2H4)3}]2 (12) were obtained by (2+2) condensation of bis(6‐formyl‐{2,3,4‐trimethoxy}phenyl)mercury(II) (7) with 3,3′‐selenobis/telluorobis‐1‐propanamine and tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine respectively.
Spin‐Crossover and Field‐Induced Single‐Molecule Magnet Behaviour in Metal(II)‐Dipyrazolylpyridine Complexes
Authors: Douib Haiet , Cornet Louis , Gonzalez Jessica Flores , Trzop Elzbieta , Dorcet Vincent , Gouasmia Abdelkrim , Ouahab Lahcène , Cador Olivier , Pointillart Fabrice
Published: September 2018

The reaction between the 2,6‐di(pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐4‐(bromomethyl)pyridine (L) ligand and divalent transition metal salts led to the formation of three mononuclear complexes of formula [M(L)2](BF4)2·xMeNO2 [M = FeII (1·xMeNO2), x = 0 and 4, M = CoII, x = 2 (2·2MeNO2) and]. Static magnetic measurements highlighted thermal spin crossover at high temperature (320–340 K) for the two FeII solvatomorphs nevertheless both the solvation degree and crystal packing had drastic influence on the shape and width of the hysteresis loop. Thus the 1 displayed abrupt and straight (6 K) hysteresis loop while for 1·4MeNO2 the thermal spin transition could be described as a six‐step gradual transition with the widest magnetic bistability range (35 K) for this kind of complexes. Irradiation at 530 nm of 1·4MeNO2 provoked an efficient LIESST effect at low temperature (TLIESST = 55 K). Finally dynamic magnetic measurements of 2·2MeNO2 shown a field‐induced mononuclear Single‐Molecule Magnet behavior with Δ = 14.6(4) cm–1 and τ0 = 6.28(8) × 10–7 s.
Chemoenzymatic Access to Chiral Tetrols Produced by Thiamine Diphosphate Dependent Benzaldehyde Lyase
Authors: Zecevic Damir , Germer Philipp , Walter Lydia , Gauchenova Ekaterina , Müller Michael
Published: September 2018

Highly functionalized polyol building blocks have been synthesized by means of stereoselective chemoenzymatic C–C bond formation followed by stereoselective reduction. Catalysis by thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) dependent benzaldehyde lyase (BAL) with glyceraldehyde acetonide as acceptor substrate gave highly stereoenriched polyols such as (1S,2S,3R)‐1‐phenylbutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetrol (1), the 3,4‐protected anti‐1,2‐diol 5, and the precursor of both compounds, 2‐hydroxyketone 4.
CO2 Seen as Multidecade Challenge for Power Industry
Authors: Rising Bruce
Published: September 2018

Carbon dioxide is everywhere. Power plants release it, and so do cars and trucks.
A Roadmap for Value‐Based Payment Models Among Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Volk Michael L. , Mellinger Jessica , Bansal Meena B. , Gellad Ziad F. , McClellan Mark , Kanwal Fasiha
Published: September 2018

Healthcare reimbursement is shifting from fee‐for‐service to fee‐for‐value. Cirrhosis, which costs the U.S. healthcare system as much as heart failure, is a prime target for value‐based care. This article describes models in which physician groups or health systems are paid for improving quality and lowering costs for a given population of patients with cirrhosis. If done correctly, we believe that such frameworks, once adopted, could help reduce burnout by freeing physicians of the burden of checking boxes in the electronic medical record so that they can devote their energies to managing populations. Conclusion: Value‐based payment models for cirrhosis have the potential to benefit patients, physicians, and healthcare insurers.
Early 2D/3D ultrasound diagnosis of pleural effusion in fetuses with Turner syndrome
Authors: Kosinski Przemyslaw , Ismail Mahmoud , Abramowicz Jacques S.
Published: September 2018

Most guidelines on ultrasound examinations during pregnancy do not recommend routine early pregnancy scan in uncomplicated and asymptomatic pregnancies (ie, before 10 weeks based on last menstrual period). There is, however, a growing patient's expectation to have an early scan to confirm dating and verify the pregnancy is intrauterine and viable. We present three well‐documented cases of patients who had an early (7‐8 weeks) dating transvaginal scan revealing pleural effusion in the embryo. In all cases cytogenetic analysis confirmed monosomy for the X chromosome, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of Turner syndrome.
High vibrational overtone excitation‐induced conformational isomerization of glycolic acid in solid argon matrix
Authors: Ahokas Jussi M.E. , Kosendiak Iwona , Krupa Justyna , Wierzejewska Maria , Lundell Jan
Published: September 2018

The high overtone‐induced isomerization of glycolic acid in a low‐temperature argon matrix was investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of glycolic acid is presented, and the spectral assignment is supported by vibrational anharmonic calculations. The high overtone excitation of the lowest energy conformer (SSC) at 532 nm induced direct conformational isomerization to higher energy conformers (GAC and AAT). Furthermore, upon excitation at 532 nm GAC and AAT isomerized back to SSC and photo‐induced equilibrium was observed between the conformers. Kinetic model was used to describe the observed isomerization and isomerization rate constants were obtained. No experimental evidence of isomerization between GAC and AAT nor other higher energy conformers were observed.
Self‐congruity and motivations as antecedents of destination perceived value: The moderating effect of previous experience
Authors: Frías‐Jamilena Dolores M. , Castañeda‐García Jose A. , Del Barrio‐García Salvador
Published: September 2018

The present research proposes and validates a model in which tourist motivations and self‐congruity with the destination are considered antecedents of the perceived value of that destination and in which the tourist's previous experience of the destination exerts an important moderating effect. This model is estimated using partial least squares path modelling, based on a sample of 503 British tourists visiting Spain. The findings show that a high level of self‐congruity between the tourist and the destination contributes significantly to destination perceived value; tourist motivations contribute significantly to destination value creation; and tourist previous experience is a major moderator of destination value formation.