bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer purchase decision: factors that influence impulsive purchasing
Authors: Lehmann Thayná Aparecida , Krug Juliano , Falaster Christian Daniel
Published: January 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify whether spending self-control and long-term orientation influence impulsive buying behavior, and also to understand the variables that may cause individuals to decrease impulsivity.Method: A quantitative survey was carried out to gather data regarding how individuals think and what they consider when buying in order to understand impulsive buying behavior at the time of purchase. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling using the SmartPLS 2.0 M3 software.Relevance: It is important to understand which elements may influence impulsive buying behavior, as the motivation that causes consumers to behave impulsively seems to be still poorly defined. Thus, we seek to figure out a portion of this act that transcends the rational and logical choices in the act of purchase.Results: Impulsive buying behavior is analyzed in different ways by various scholars. The results of the present study indicate that impulsive purchases occur when the individual has lack of self-control over what he/she buys. This situation can be controlled if the person has a long-term guidance. This fact tends to influence spending self-control and consequently decreasing the levels of impulsiveness.Theoretical contributions: This study contributes to Rook Fisher's (1995) impulsive buying behavior studies, seeking to insert elements such as long-term orientation and spending self-control to better understand the effect of impulsivity and its causes.
Proposition and test of an explanatory model of innovation perception and it´s consequences
Authors: Pereira Murilo Junio Rezende , Moura Luiz Rodrigo Cunha , Souki Gustavo Quiroga , Cunha Nina Rosa da Silveira
Published: January 2020

Objective: To propose and test a theoretical model to measure the innovation perception and the intention to renew the consumer’s annuity of its members.Method: A survey was carried out with fans of soccer clubs from all over Brazil and a sample of 883 elements was obtained. Data were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques and structural equations modeling, attempting to validate the proposed model at the level of the scales used and the nomological chain.Originality/Relevance: Model development for an innovation perception by consumer’s measurement, as well as the verification and test. This study provide club managers with information on the variables that impact the perception and behavior of the fans will lead to the clubs better strategic planning in the quest to make the club a profitable organization.Results:Tested model has shown that the benefits provided by the Fan Loyalty Program generate a innovation perception triggering the perception of this products values. Perceived innovation and value positively impact the member's satisfaction, which leads them to renew the program annuity.Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: the innovations incorporated in the sporting sector are new actions that have the need for a models establishment that can support the manager’s decision process. Researchers should establish a continuing effort to comprehend how the perception of innovative products impacts consumers, which is important to assess the innovative products diffusion, not only by their past behavior, but also by future behavior intention, one of the present study objects.
Rozwój narzędzi cyfrowych a procesy projektowania i produkcji
Authors: Achramowicz Radosław
Published: January 2020

Współcześnie w obszarze architektury i wzornictwa przemysłowego następuje odejście od tradycyjnie pojmowanych pojęć funkcji, formy, procesów produkcyjnych, na rzecz zainteresowania elastycznością, samoorganizacją, prototypizacją. Towarzyszą temu zmiany możliwe dzięki wykształceniu się nowych narzędzi cyfrowych, wywodzących się z przemysłu samochodowego, lotniczego czy technik animacji. Narzędzia owe od ponad trzech dekad są obecne w twórczym etapie procesu projektowania, z jednej strony sprzyjając przenikaniu się architektury i wzornictwa przemysłowego, z drugiej przyczyniając się do erozji dotychczasowych zasad nimi rządzących. Dziś możemy więc sobie zadać pytanie, na ile zamierzamy być cyfrowi, a na ile nie? Z odpowiedzią wiąże się wiele konsekwencji redefiniujących architekturę i design – dyscypliny bliźniacze.
Efectos de un programa de intervención sobre el estilo interpersonal de entrenadores de fútbol base
Authors: Pulido González Juan José , Merino Antonio , Sánchez-Oliva David , Rodríguez-González Miguel , García-Calvo Tomás
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este estudio era analizar los efectos de un programa de formación sobre la conducta verbal de entrenadores de fútbol base no cualificados. El programa estaba basado en el fomento de estrategias motivacionales y metodológicas para optimizar las necesidades psicológicas básicas de los deportistas, aumentando las conductas relacionadas a un estilo interpersonal de apoyo y, reduciendo las conductas asociadas a un estilo interpersonal controlador. Participaron ocho entrenadores distribuidos intencionadamente en dos grupos: grupo experimental (n = 4) y grupo control (n = 4). Tras la observación del estilo interpersonal de los entrenadores (pre y post) mediante un instrumento creado a propósito para el estudio, no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos, aunque los resultados del grupo experimental demostraron una tendencia positiva entre la medida pre-intervención y la post-intervención. Por tanto, el programa resulta eficaz pero no en la medida que se esperaba, por lo que es preciso seguir investigando en esta línea de trabajo.
Aspiraciones vitales y su relación con la pasión en deportistas argentinos seleccionados para los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud
Authors: Raimundi María Julia , García Arabehety María , Iglesias Dario , Castillo Isabel
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar las aspiraciones vitales de deportistas adolescentes de alto rendimiento y su relación con la pasión que tienen con respecto a su deporte. Participaron 234 deportistas argentinos (47,9 % varones; 52,1 % mujeres) de entre 12 y 16 años de edad (M = 14,48; DT = 1,09) pertenecientes al Plan de Desarrollo de los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud (Buenos Aires, 2018), quienes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Inventario de Aspiraciones vitales y la Escala de Pasión. Los varones obtuvieron puntajes significativamente más altos que las mujeres en las aspiraciones de riqueza y fama, así como también en pasión obsesiva. Para los varones, el crecimiento personal predijo la pasión armoniosa, mientras que para las mujeres, la pasión armoniosa fue predicha por la salud y la contribución a la comunidad. La fama fue la única variable predictora de la pasión obsesiva en el grupo de varones. No hubo un modelo significativo en las mujeres. Por último, los análisis realizados no mostraron diferencias significativas en las variables del estudio en función del tipo de deporte (individual vs. colectivo). Estos resultados confirman los resultados de estudios previos y aportan evidencia acerca del papel de las aspiraciones intrínsecas y extrínsecas para facilitar el compromiso y el desarrollo positivo en el deporte de alto rendimiento adolescente.
Assessing Need Satisfaction and Frustration in Portuguese Exercise Instructors: scale validity, reliabity and invariance between gender
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe Fernandes , Neiva Henrique Pereira , Marinho Daniel Almeida , Mendes Pedro , Teixeira Diogo Santos , Cid Luís , Monteiro Diogo
Published: January 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Exercise for fitness instructors. Methods: Data from 477 exercise professionals (319 males, 158 females) was collected. Results: CFA supported the adapted and validated six-factor model: [χ2(237) = 1096.796, χ2/df= 4.63; B-S p < .001, CFI = .930, TLI = .918, SRMR= .0366, RMSEA = .079 (CI90% = .069, .089)], assessing satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in Portuguese exercise professionals. Moreover, the analysis revealed acceptable composite reliability, and construct validity of the adapted version. Results revealed nomological validity, as well as invariance between male and female. No differences were found across latent means, and magnitude effects were trivial between gender. Conclusion: These results support the use of the adapted scale in exercise professionals, showing measurement invariance between gender. This scale is able to measure how exercise professionals experience satisfaction and frustration of basic needs when prescribing exercise to individuals in fitness context.

 

Key-words: self-determination theory, exercise, basic needs, interpersonal behaviors, exercise instructors

Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Exercise for fitness instructors. Methods: Data from 477 exercise professionals (319 males, 158 females) was collected. Results: CFA supported the adapted and validated six-factor model: [χ2(237) = 1096.796, χ2/df= 4.63; B-S p < .001, CFI = .930, TLI = .918, SRMR= .0366, RMSEA = .079 (CI90% = .069, .089)], assessing satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in Portuguese exercise professionals. Moreover, the analysis revealed acceptable composite reliability, and construct validity of the adapted version. Results revealed nomological validity, as well as invariance between male and female. No differences were found across latent means, and magnitude effects were trivial between gender. Conclusion: These results support the use of the adapted scale in exercise professionals, showing measurement invariance between gender. This scale is able to measure how exercise professionals experience satisfaction and frustration of basic needs when prescribing exercise to individuals in fitness context.

 

Key-words: self-determination theory, exercise, basic needs, interpersonal behaviors, exercise instructors
Relación entre clima empowering y diversión en pitchers de béisbol: el papel moderador de la motivación autónoma
Authors: Gutiérrez-García Pablo , López-Walle Jeanette M , Tomás Inés , Tristán José , Balaguer Isabel
Published: January 2020

Tomando como base la conceptualización jerárquica y multidimensional del clima motivacional, propuesto por Duda (2013), el objetivo de este estudio fue poner a prueba el papel moderador de la motivación autónoma en la relación entre la percepción del clima empowering creado por el entrenador y la diversión en la práctica deportiva en pitchers de béisbol. Participaron 97 pitchers Mexicanos (Medad = 14.12, DT = 1.09) pertenecientes a 39 equipos de 10 Ligas de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Las variables psicológicas fueron evaluadas con las versiones adaptadas al contexto mexicano del Cuestionario de Clima Motivacional Empowering y Disempowering creado por el entrenador (EDMCQ-C), la Escala de Motivación en el Deporte (SMS-II), y la escala de Satisfacción Intrínseca en el Deporte (SSI). Los resultados del modelo de regresión de moderación rodados con PROCESS indicaron que: la motivación autónoma modera la relación entre el clima empowering y la diversión (B = -.15, p < .05), concretamente, para valores altos de motivación autónoma la relación entre clima empowering y diversión fue nula, pasando a ser esta relación positiva y significativa para valores de motivación autónoma inferiores a 2.05. En conclusión, la motivación autónoma modera la relación entre la percepción del clima empowering creado por el entrenador y la diversión en la práctica de pitchers de béisbol.

Based on the hierarchical and multidimensional conceptualization of Duda (2013) of the motivational climate, the objective of this study was to test the moderating role of autonomous motivation in the relationship between the perception of the empowering climate created by the coach and the enjoyment in the practice by baseball pitchers. Participants were ninety-seven Mexican pitchers (Mage = 14.12, SD = 1.09) belonging to 39 teams from 10 Leagues in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The psychological variables were measured with the adapted to the Mexican context versions of the Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire-Coach (EDMCQ-C), the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II), and the Sport Satisfaction Instrument (SSI). The results of the moderated regression model with PROCESS indicated that: autonomous motivation moderates the relationship between the empowering climate and enjoyment (B = -.15, p <.05), specifically, for high values of autonomous motivation the relationship between climate empowering and fun was null, becoming this positive and significant relationship for values of autonomous motivation lower than 2.05. In conclusion, the autonomous motivation moderates the relationship between the empowering climate perception created by the coach and the enjoyment in the practice of baseball pitchers.
FLY ASH FOUNDATION REINFORCED BY CEMENT–SOIL MIXING PILES
Authors: SHENGQUAN ZHOU , YONGFEI ZHANG , DAWEI ZHOU , WEIJIAN WANG , ZHAIBANG KE , HALDER SUDIPTA
Published: January 2020

Cement-soil mixing piles have been commonly used to enhance the bearing capacity of fly ash stratum and mitigate the settlement damage to the surrounding environment. However, only cement is used as curing agent in traditional cement-soil mixing piles. The growth rate for strength of cement-soil mixing piles decreases with the rise in the cement content. Accordingly, it is necessary to explore the combination effects of various curing agents on the strength of cement-soil mixing piles. However, rare studies for the reinforcement effect of fly ash stratum have been conducted by using lime or gypsum as effective replacement materials of cement in cement-soil mixing piles. In this study, laboratory tests were performed to compare the variation laws of unconfined compressive and shear strength of test specimens before and after replacement. Then, the reinforcement effect of cement–soil mixing piles at different lime–cement and gypsum–cement replacement ratios was evaluated. Results demonstrate that the cement–soil mixing piles with 12% cement content not only enhance the bearing capacity of cement-soil mixing piles but also decrease the amount of the cement. When the gypsum-to-cement replacement ratio is 1:2, the 28-day strength of gypsum–cement–fly ash specimens reaches the peak value of 4.5 MPa. When the lime-to-cement replacement ratio is 1:1, the 28-day unconfined compressive strength of lime–cement–fly ash specimens is 6.6 MPa, which increased by 46% compared with those of pure cement–fly ash specimens. Thus, the strength of cement–soil mixing piles in fly ash stratum can be improved due to the lime–cement combination. The rationality of design in cement-soil mixing piles on the factor is further verified by the field test. The results of this study can be referenced for the application of cement–soil mixing piles in the stratum of fly ash reinforcement.

Keywords: Cement–soil mixing piles, Unconfined compressive strength, Shear strength, Fly ash stratum
Testing the validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD among refugees in treatment using latent class analysis
Authors: Vang Maria Louison , Nielsen Sabrina Brødsgaard , Auning-Hansen Mikkel , Elklit Ask
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The WHO has proposed posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD) trauma-related ‘sibling’-disorders in ICD-11. The proposal has received support from research among clinical and community samples alike but only few studies have tested the validity of these disorders in a sample of refugees using the International Trauma Questionnaire especially designed for assessment of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD.   

Methods: Latent class analysis was used to test the validity of the ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD distinction in a heterogeneous group of 284 highly symptomatic refugees registered for treatment at a Danish treatment-center.  

Results: A two-class solution fit the data best. One group reported elevated levels of PTSD-symptoms and symptoms of affective dysregulation, and one group reported elevated levels of symptoms corresponding to CPTSD. The CPTSD group was considerably larger than the PTSD-group.

Discussion: The current study supports the ICD-11 distinction between PTSD and CPTSD in a sample of treatment-seeking refugees. The assistance of interpreters was needed for some of the participants which affected the reliability of the assessment.

Conclusion: The ICD-11 proposal for PTSD and CPTSD is supported in a heterogenous sample of refugees using the ITQ.
Structuring a System Dynamics Model using Group Model Building: Case Study on Flight Test Human Resources
Authors: Lucena Costa Junior Alvimar , Neyra Belderrain Mischel Carmen
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a method that allows capture and organization of mental models of all levels of Stakeholders in order to elaborate a System Dynamics Model closer to the reality and more effective on Strategy proposition. This is done through information raised on the application of Group Model Building (GMB), and using PSM specific tools, like Mental Maps and Cognitive Maps. All these tools allow merge opinions and elicitate knowledge from many stakeholders involved on the process.
In order to demonstrate the method’s suitability, it was applied on a Case Study to develop a System Dynamics Model for the Flight Test Specialized Human Resources Career Flow.
The method has five stages: first, recognize the Messy Situation; second, identify process Stakeholders; third, conduct Workshops and interviews applying Cognitive Maps and, then, GMB; forth, build collective maps presenting a collective point of view for all parts; fifth, build a System Dynamics Model effective and recognizable for all involved Stakeholders, ready to be used as a tool to Strategy proposition to solve the Messy Situation.
Flight Test Specialized Human Resources Case Study results show both the model’s effectiveness and stakeholder commitment, based on the proposed method, proving its adequacy.
Impact of air pollution on forest stands in the vicinity of Wodzisław Śląski and Rybnik, Poland
Authors: Barniak Joanna , Jureczko Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

Tree-ring analysis was used to investigate the impact of air pollution on forest stands in the southern part of the Upper Silesia region of southern Poland. Four about 120 years old Scots pine stands located near Wodzisław Śląski and Rybnik were selected for study and 20 increment core samples from each stand were taken. All study stands were selected based upon their considerable exposure to air and dust pollution.The results of dendrochronological analysis showed strong and significant reductions in tree ring growth especially during the period from 1960 to 1990. A significant number of trees with reductions (85%) was observed in two Scots pine stands both of which are directly exposed to air pollution from mine-owned coking plant and power and heating plants. Since 1990s the improved growth of these pines was clearly noted. A comparison for the period 1970 to 1990 for stands located west from the main emitters’ versus stands east and directly exposed found fewer trees with growth reductions (ca. 40%). At the beginning of the 21st century, a large number of trees in these western stands were observed with growth reductions between 50 and 60%. Probably, these trees were affected by air pollution from a nearby power plant located immediately across the border in the Czech Republic. Relationships between periods of severe reductions in ring width growth or missing rings were noted in a large percentage of pine trees in all four stands; these cross-stand relationships suggested common weather-related impacts. Missing rings were noted in 1956, 1963, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1976 and 1979.
Impact of Foliar Application of Silicon and Selenium on Growth Characters, Yield, Physicochemical Characters, Oil Ingredients of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Variety Giza 6 under Different Planting Dates
Authors: Khalaf Ahmed , Sh. Hassan Mohamed , A. Ismaeil Hamady , Awny Ahmed
Published: January 2020

The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center in Upper Egypt 2016-2017. We were aiming to see the effect of spraying Si (100 ppm) and Se (50 ppm) 4 times under different planting on productivity and oil quality oil variety Giza 6 under different planting dates. In this research; Si and Se with early sowing (1May) applications produced significant increases Length and branching, Attributes of productivity, oil quality of variety Giza 6.Results show that oil content ranged from 55.48% to 60.10%, The percentage of oil decreases with the delay of planting dates. There is a variation in the refractive index (1.464-1.468) with different dates or Si and Se. The acidity rate increases with the delay of cultivation. The peroxide value decreases with the first reset. And lower iodine number with first replant It contains Oleic (55.49- 60.05%). The oleic is reduced with delay in planting, while linoleic increases with the delay of planting and spraying with silicon and selenium. The highest value of O/L ratio was with early implantation and spraying with silicon and selenium. Unsaturated fatty acids exceed saturated fatty acids with silicon and selenium spray.
Analysis of Biological Samples Necroscopic Reports from the Death Verification Service of the State of Tocantins, Brazil
Authors: Borges de Carvalho Arthur Alves , Garcia Soares Edson , Rabelo Costa Layla , Pedro Dorneles Silva Leonardo , Vieira Gama Mateus , Gonçalves Faria de Bessa Nelita , De Almeida Julian , Davi de Miranda Wemerson
Published: January 2020

Analyze, in the necroscopic reports of the Death Verification Service of the State of Tocantins (SVO-TO), the records of biological samples collected for histopathological examination and records of autolysis in histopathological results and correlate them with records of causes of mortality and morbidity. Cross-sectional observational analytical study conducted in 494 autopsy reports completed and filed in SVO-TO, Brazil, between 2012 and 2016. Records of the number of biological samples collected for histopathology, number of autolysis, number of causes of mortality and number of causes of morbidity were extracted and identified. For the analysis of the relationship between the variables, descriptive and analytical statistics were used in SAS SYSTEM software. The mean number of mortality records was 5.72 ± 2.42 (CV 42.32%), causes of morbidity: 0.2 ± 0.5 (CV 251.46%), number of biological samples collected: 2.66 ± 1.13 (CV 42.59%), number of autolysis: 1.74 ± 1.05 (CV 60.06%). The number of mortality and morbidity diagnoses recorded in SVO reports increases the higher the number of samples collected by necropsies physicians. The number of biological samples collected by necropsy positively impacts the number of causes of mortality and morbidity. Collecting more than seven tissue samples by necropsy does not impact the number of causes of mortality and morbidity. The low numbers of autolysis records suggest efficacy in the collection of biological samples in SVO-TO.
Community Deprivation Index and Discharge Destination After Elective Hip Replacement
Authors: Mehta Bella , Goodman Susan , Ho Kaylee , Parks Michael , Ibrahim Said A.
Published: January 2020

Objective

To examine how the deprivation level of the community in which one lives influences discharge disposition and the odds of 90‐day readmission after elective total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study on 84,931 patients who underwent elective THA in the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council database from 2012 to 2016. We used adjusted binary logistic regression models to test the association between community Area Deprivation Index (ADI) level and patient discharge destination as well as 90‐day readmission. We included an interaction term for community ADI level and patient race in our models to assess the simultaneous effect of both on the outcomes.

Results

After adjusting for patient‐ and facility‐level characteristics, we found that patients from high ADI level communities (most disadvantaged), compared to patients from low ADI level communities (least disadvantaged), were more likely to be discharged to an institution as opposed to home for postoperative care and rehabilitation (age <65 years adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 1.47; age ≥65 years ORadj 1.31; both P < 0.001). The interaction effect of patient race and ADI level on discharge destination was statistically significant in those patients age ≥65 years, but not in patients age <65 years. The association with ADI level on 90‐day readmission was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

In this statewide sample of patients who underwent elective THA, the level of deprivation of the community in which patients reside influences their discharge disposition, but not their odds of 90‐day readmission to an acute‐care facility.
Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and Hyperuricemia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Gao Yun , Cui Liu‐fu , Sun Yuan‐yuan , Yang Wen‐hao , Wang Jie‐rui , Wu Shou‐ling , Gao Xiang
Published: January 2020

Objective

Although several individual nutrients/foods are associated with uric acid status, the association of overall diet quality with hyperuricemia remains unclear. The current study was undertaken to examine the association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the odds of having hyperuricemia in a Chinese adult population.

Methods

Included were 71,893 Chinese participants in the Kailuan I study and the Kailuan II study (mean age 51.4 years) who were free of gout prior to or in 2014. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the DASH diet score was calculated based on consumptions of vegetables, fruit, dairy, beans, whole grains, meat, fat, sodium, and sugar‐sweetened beverages. Fasting blood samples were collected in 2014, and hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid concentrations of ≥7 mg/dl for men, and of ≥6 mg/dl for women. The association between DASH diet score and hyperuricemia was assessed using multiple logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, total energy, obesity, physical activity, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipid profiles, renal function, and presence of cardiovascular disease.

Results

A High DASH diet score was associated with low odds of having hyperuricemia (adjusted odds ratio for quartile 4 versus quartile 1 0.70 [95% confidence interval 0.66, 0.75], P for trend < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. The association between the DASH diet and hyperuricemia was more pronounced among older individuals (age ≥50 years), women, and physically inactive participants compared with their counterparts (P for interaction < 0.01 for all).

Conclusion

The DASH diet was associated with a low likelihood of having hyperuricemia in Chinese adults.
Recent Development of TiNi‐Based Shape Memory Alloys with High Cycle Stability and High Transformation Temperature
Authors: Tong Yunxiang , Shuitcev Aleksandr , Zheng Yufeng
Published: January 2020

TiNi‐based shape memory alloys (SMAs) attract a lot of attention from engineering and biomedical fields because of their superior functional properties, such as their unique shape memory effect, superelasticity, and excellent biocompatibility. Most of the unique properties result from martensitic transformation, which can be thermally induced or stress induced. In recent years, with the development of understanding of martensitic transformation, significant progress has been made and several novel TiNi‐based SMAs have been developed, including alloys with slim hysteresis and stable functional properties and high‐temperature SMAs with extremely large recovery strain and stress. In this work, the most recent developments in TiNi‐based SMAs are presented in terms of a strategy to develop high‐performance alloys with particular microstructures, alloying effects, and functional properties.
Observations of Radiation‐Dominated Rapid Cooling of Structures Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
Authors: Mohammadbeigi Faezeh , Whitehead Lorne , Divigalpitiya Ranjith , Nojeh Alireza
Published: January 2020

It is often desirable to cause rapid thermal cycles in isolated systems, and it is convenient to do so by means of radiant heating and cooling. In principle, the rate of heating is arbitrarily increased simply by applying sufficient irradiance. This is not true for cooling, wherein the radiant emittance of a surface is determined by its emissivity and temperature. In an optically thin structure, the cooling rate is determined by the ratio of the material's emissivity to its specific heat, a factor that is expected to be greater in materials with a short characteristic absorption length, such as graphite. Herein, several forms of carbon‐based nanostructures, which have very short thermal radiation attenuation lengths, and are very robust and can withstand the high temperatures required for substantial Planckian thermal radiant emittance, are examined. Rapid cooling times ranging from about 100 μs to 1 ms are observed in structures cooling from a typical high temperature of 1500 K to a low of roughly half that value. Such rapid extreme thermal cycling of isolated materials provides new opportunities, for both research and potentially practical applications.
Enhanced Quality of Wafer‐Scale MoS2 Films by a Capping Layer Annealing Process
Authors: Xu Xiangming , Zhang Chenhui , Hota Mrinal K. , Liu Zhixiong , Zhang Xixiang , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: January 2020

Wafer‐scale, single‐crystalline 2D semiconductors without grain boundaries and defects are needed for developing reliable next‐generation integrated 2D electronics. Unfortunately, few literature reports exist on the growth of 2D semiconductors with single‐crystalline structure at the wafer scale. It is shown that direct sulfurization of as‐deposited epitaxial MoO2 films (especially, with thicknesses more than ≈5 nm) produces textured MoS2 films. This texture is inherited from the high density of defects present in the as‐prepared epitaxial MoO2 film. In order to eliminate the texture of the converted MoS2 films, a new capping layer annealing process (CLAP) is introduced to improve the crystalline quality of as‐deposited MoO2 films and minimize its defects. It is demonstrated that sulfurization of the CLAP‐treated MoO2 films leads to the formation of single‐crystalline MoS2 films, instead of textured films. It is shown that the single‐crystalline MoS2 films exhibit field‐effect mobility of 6.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is 15 times higher than that of textured MoS2. These results can be attributed to the smaller concentration of defects in the single‐crystalline films.
Bioinspired Artificial Tobacco Mosaic Virus with Combined Oncolytic Properties to Completely Destroy Multidrug‐Resistant Cancer
Authors: Wu Huayu , Zhong Dan , Zhang Zhijun , Li Yachao , Zhang Xiao , Li Yunkun , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Xu Xianghui , Yang Jun , Gu Zhongwei
Published: January 2020

Although biomimetic virus‐like strategies have been widely used in antitumor applications, construction of uniquely shaped virus‐like agents and optimization of their specific morphological features to achieve diverse antitumor functions are worthwhile pursuits. Here, a novel strategy to construct an artificial tobacco mosaic virus (ATMV) that closely mimics the structure of the rod‐like tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is developed. The supramolecular array is self‐assembled from small, repeated subunits of tailor‐made capsid‐mimicking dendrons onto RGD‐modified single‐walled carbon nanotube to construct the ATMVs with high structural stability. The ATMVs are tactfully designed with shielding, targeting, and arming approaches, including shielding the viruses against premature elimination, selectively targeting tumor tissue, and arming the viruses with oncolytic abilities. The elongated particles are concealed in blood until they arrived at a tumor site, then they induce robust composite oncolytic processes including cytomembrane penetration, endoplasmic reticulum disruption to cause Ca2+ release, chemotherapeutic delivery, and photothermal therapy. Excitingly, the ATMVs not only lyse primary infected cells, but permeate adjacent cells for secondary infection, spreading cell‐to‐cell and continuing to induce lysis even deep in solid tumors. This work inspires a uniquely shaped virus‐like agent with tactically optimized oncolytic functions that completely defeated large drug‐resistant colon tumor (LoVo/Adr, ≈500 mm3).
A Dual Protection System for Heterostructured 3D CNT/CoSe2/C as High Areal Capacity Anode for Sodium Storage
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Chen Yijun , Tabassum Hassina , Wang Zhipeng , Wang Yunsong , Abid Adeel Y. , Mahmood Asif , Mahmood Nasir , Guo Shaojun , Han Ray P. S. , Gao Peng
Published: January 2020

3D electrode design is normally opted for multiple advantages, however, instability/detachment of active material causes the pulverization and degradation of the structure, and ultimately poor cyclic stability. Here, a dually protected, highly compressible, and freestanding anode is presented for sodium‐ion batteries, where 3D carbon nanotube (CNT) sponge is decorated with homogeneously dispersed CoSe2 nanoparticles (NPs) which are protected under carbon overcoat (CNT/CoSe2/C). The 3D CNT sponge delivers enough space for high mass loading while providing high mechanical strength and faster conduction pathway among the NPs. The outer amorphous carbon overcoat controls the formation of solid electrolyte interphase film by avoiding direct contact of CoSe2 with electrolyte, accommodates large volume changes, and ultimately enhances the overall conductivity of cell and assists in transmitting electron to an external circuit. Moreover, the hybrid can be densified up to 11‐fold without affecting its microstructure that results in ultrahigh areal mass loading of 17.4 mg cm−2 and an areal capacity of 7.03 mAh cm−2 along with a high gravimetric capacity of 531 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1. Thus, compact and smart devices can be realized by this new electrode design for heavy‐duty commercial applications.
Synthesis of Spiroguanidine Derivatives by Dearomative Oxidative Cyclization using Hypervalent Iodine Reagent
Authors: Odagi Minami , Okuda Kazuma , Ishizuka Hayate , Adachi Kanna , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: January 2020

We have developed a versatile synthetic method for the construction of spirocyclic guanidines in moderate yields by intramolecular dearomative oxidative cyclization of guanidino phenols using the hypervalent iodine reagent 4‐chloro‐1‐(diacetoxyiodo)benzene in 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐1‐propanol.
Trends in forest fragment research in Madagascar: Documented responses by lemurs and other taxa
Authors: Kling Katherine J. , Yaeger Kimberley , Wright Patricia C.
Published: January 2020

The rise in research investigating fragmentation and its impact on primates and other taxa reflects the growing presence of fragmented landscapes themselves. Although numerous studies report the negative effects of fragmentation on biodiversity, it is difficult to generalize responses to fragmentation for specific taxonomic groups, such as non‐human primates, when studies have not employed a definitive concept of fragmentation or fragments themselves. Madagascar's high degree of fragmentation, wealth of endemic taxa, and extensive history of ecological research provide the opportunity to compare fragmentation studies across similar contexts. We conducted a literature search of peer‐reviewed articles on fragmentation in Madagascar to characterize its trends. A total of 70 articles, 46 of which concentrated on lemurs, tested the impacts of fragmentation on Malagasy taxa, while additional sources conducted research in one or more fragments without testing its effects (n = 112 total, 79 on lemurs). Studies on lemurs most frequently tested fragmentation's impacts on genetics and biodiversity metrics (n = 16 and 15 studies, respectively), although health, modeling, behavioral, and cross‐disciplinary techniques were also reported. Responses to fragmentation were reported for 49 lemur species, with most studies concentrated in eastern Madagascar (87%). Although there was variation in the metrics reported in studies testing the effects of fragmentation on Malagasy species, the most common measures were fragment area, isolation, or comparison to a control site. Landscape‐scale approaches and examination of fragmentation per se were rarely employed. Characterizing trends of fragmentation research in Madagascar emphasizes the challenges of documenting fragmentation's effects while highlighting the benefits of research within fragmented landscapes, particularly when combined with consideration for how the matrix within human‐modified landscapes may impact primate populations.
Synthesis of Chiral Triarylmethanes Bearing All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters: Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of 2,2‐Diarylacetonitriles and (Hetero)arenes
Authors: Wang Zehua , Zhu Yasheng , Pan Xiaoguang , Wang Gang , Liu Lei
Published: January 2020

A direct and enantioselective oxidative cross‐coupling of racemic 2,2‐diarylacetonitriles with electron‐rich (hetero)arenes has been described, which allows for efficient construction of triarylmethanes bearing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters with excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivity. The reaction has an excellent functional group tolerance, and exhibits a broad scope with respect to both 2,2‐diarylacetonitrile and (hetero)arene components. The rich chemistry of the cyano group allows for facile synthesis of other valuable chiral triarylmethanes bearing all‐carbon quaternary centers that are otherwise difficult to access.
An Oxygen Sensation: Progress in Macromolecule Hydroxylation Triggered by the Elucidation of Cellular Oxygen Sensing
Authors: Loenarz Christoph
Published: January 2020

The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine honours three scientists that devoted their careers to pursuing an audacious basic science question: by what mechanisms do animals sense oxygen, and how can cells adapt to a lack of oxygen? The identification of the human hypoxia inducible factor pathway has enabled new approaches for the therapy of related diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, anaemia, and stroke. The intricate molecular details of oxygen sensing broadened interest in the family of iron‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxygenases known from elaborate natural product chemistry, and catalysed major progress in macromolecule hydroxylation. The laureates’ work enables numerous avenues for molecular scientists, from C−H activation chemistry to PROTAC technology, medicinal chemistry, and epigenetics.
The protection effects of marine protected areas on exploited molluscs from an oceanic archipelago
Authors: Sousa Ricardo , Henriques Paulo , Vasconcelos Joana , Pinto Ana Rita , Delgado João , Riera Rodrigo
Published: January 2020

Limpets are one of the most successful intertidal algal grazers in the north‐eastern Atlantic. They provide valuable ecosystem services, playing a pivotal role in maintaining rocky shore ecological balance and have an important economic value, being subject to high levels of exploitation in several oceanic archipelagos. Limpets represent one of the most profitable economic activities of small‐scale fisheries in the Madeira archipelago. However, limpets are extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, such as overharvesting, habitat fragmentation, and pollution.

The protection effects and the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) on the population dynamics of two historically highly exploited limpet species, Patella aspera and Patella candei, were analysed through a comparative study of size, reproduction, and biomass in the Madeira archipelago.

The effects of protection from MPAs on limpet populations resulted in a differential increase on size at first maturity, shell size, and capture per unit effort according to the degree of protection.

Old and enforced MPAs showed the best‐preserved limpet populations in the study area, and both variables (age and enforcement) best explained the observed variability among the MPAs studied.

A thorough and multidisciplinary study is necessary to obtain a reliable picture of commercial stocks of the two targeted species (P. aspera and P. candei). Genetic analysis and studies on the food source of limpets may shed light to develop integrative conservation strategies.
RETRACTED: Resibufogenin inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis through triggering ferroptosis and ROS production mediated by GPX4 inactivation
Authors: Shen Lian‐Dong , Qi Wen‐Hai , Bai Jiang‐Jiang , Zuo Chun‐Yi , Bai Dong‐Lin , Gao Wei‐Dong , Zong Xin‐Ling , Hao Ting‐Ting , Ma Yan , Cao Guang‐Cai
Published: January 2020

Resibufogenin (RB) has been used for cancer treatment, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RB treatment on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and to determine the underlying mechanisms. The cell counting kit‐8 assay was used to determine cell viability. Cell morphology was observed under light microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling assay was employed to detect cell apoptosis. Intracellular ferrous iron (Fe2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species levels were detected by using commercial iron assay kit, MDA assay kit, GSH assay kit, and 2,7‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probes, respectively. The protein expressions were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RB inhibited cell viability in the CRC cell lines (HT29 and SW480) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, and caused cytotoxicity to the normal colonic epithelial cell line (NCM460) at high dose. Similarly, RB induced morphological changes in CRC cells from normal to round shape, and promoted cell death. Of note, RB triggered oxidative stress and ferroptotic cell death in CRC cells, and only ferroptosis inhibitors (deferoxamine and ferrostatin‐1), instead of inhibitors for other types of cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis), reversed the inhibitory effects of RB on CRC cell proliferation. Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was inactivated by RB treatment, and overexpression of GPX4 alleviated RB‐induced oxidative cell death in CRC cells. Consistently, the in vivo experiments validated that RB also triggered oxidative stress, and inhibited CRC cells growth and tumorigenicity in mice models. RB can inhibit CRC cells growth and tumorigenesis by triggering ferroptotic cell death in a GPX4 inactivation‐dependent manner.
Recent advances in isatin hybrids as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Ding Zhen , Zhou Minfeng , Zeng Cheng
Published: January 2020

The isatin framework is a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. This is exemplified by the fact that several isatin‐based anticancer agents, such as semaxanib, sunitinib, nintedanib, and hesperadin, are already in use or under clinical trials for the treatment of diverse kinds of cancers. Isatin‐based hybrids could be obtained by incorporating other anticancer pharmacophores into the isatin skeleton and they have the potential to overcome drug resistance with reduced side effects. Thus, isatin‐based hybrids may provide attractive scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review covers the recent advances of isatin‐based hybrids with anticancer activity, covering articles published between 2001 and 2019. The anticancer activities of these molecules and the structure–activity relationships are also discussed. The purpose of this review article is to set up the direction for the design and development of isatin‐based hybrids with high efficacy and low toxicity.
Effect of Therapy on Radiographic Progression in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Karmacharya Paras , Duarte‐Garcia Ali , Dubreuil Maureen , Murad M. Hassan , Shahukhal Ravi , Shrestha Pragya , Myasoedova Elena , Crowson Cynthia S. , Wright Kerry , Davis John M.
Published: January 2020

Objective

To investigate the effect of therapies on radiographic progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods

A comprehensive database search for studies assessing radiographic progression in axial SpA (particular treatment versus no treatment of interest) was performed. Study‐specific standardized mean differences in treatment outcomes at 2 and ≥4 years were estimated and combined using random‐effects models.

Results

Twenty‐four studies in patients with axial SpA were identified, of which 18 involved tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), 8 involved nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and 1 involved secukinumab. Spinal radiographic progression, as measured by the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS), was not significantly different between TNFi‐treated and biologics‐naive patients at 2 years (mSASSS difference −0.73 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −1.52, 0.12], I2 = 28%) and ≥4 years (mSASSS difference −2.03 [95% CI −4.63, 0.72], I2 = 63%). Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with a low risk of bias showed a significant difference in spinal radiographic progression between TNFi‐treated and biologics‐naive patients at ≥4 years (mSASSS difference −2.17 [95% CI −4.19, −0.15]). No significant difference in spinal radiographic progression was observed between NSAID‐treated and control patients (mSASSS difference −0.30 [95% CI −2.62, 1.31], I2 = 71%) or between secukinumab‐treated and biologics‐naive patients (mSASSS difference −0.34 [95% CI −0.85, 0.17]). With regard to treatment differences in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA or in patients with radiographic progression measured using the sacroiliac joint score, an insufficient number of studies were available for analysis.

Conclusion

Although no significant protective effect of TNFi treatment on spinal radiographic progression was seen over the course of 2 years or ≥4 years in patients with axial SpA, our analysis restricted to studies with a low risk of bias showed a protective effect of TNFi after ≥4 years. Therefore, long‐term TNFi exposure might confer beneficial effects on spinal radiographic progression in axial SpA. No difference in radiographic progression at 2 years was seen in either the NSAID or secukinumab treatment groups compared to their controls. Future studies should explore the effects of biologic treatment on radiographic progression, as well as the effects of long‐term biologics exposure, in patients with early axial SpA or those with nonradiographic axial SpA.
A Study of Cu Doping Effects in P2‐Na0.75Mn0.6Fe0.2(CuxNi0.2‐x)O2 Layered Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yichao , Kim Sooran , Lu Jingyu , Feng Guangyuan , Li Xin
Published: January 2020

Layered sodium metal oxide cathodes have much broader choice of transition metal elements than the Li counterparts. A reversible Cu2+/3+ redox couple has recently been introduced in such Na cathodes. To study the role of Cu, here P2‐type layered Na0.75Mn0.6Fe0.2(CuxNi0.2‐x)O2 compounds have been designed, synthesized and investigated. It shows the high initial capacity of 206 mAh/g and good capacity retention. Reversible oxygen redox activity is observed in our experiments. Our DFT calculations suggest that Cu can stabilize the oxygen redox by modifying the electronic structure together with Fe at high voltages. In addition, the strong P′2 transition observed at low voltages is induced by Jahn‐Teller active Cu2+ with two competing effects of enhanced Na ion diffusivity and reduced electronic conductivity.