bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of ASMC seeder prototype by women: Assessing the use of donkey (Equus asinus) as animal power source in agricultural mechanization in Hauts-Bassins region of Burkina Faso
Authors: Pousga Salimata , Millogo Vinsoun , Kere Michel , Jones Maria , Bihoun Celestin , Traore Ibrahima , Barro Albert , Harrigan Timothy , Ouedraogo Georges Anicet
Published: February 2025

The present study aimed to evaluate the technical and socio-economic impact of using donkeys (Equus asinus) in agricultural production to facilitate the adaptation of the "ASMC" seeder for smallholder women farmers in western Burkina Faso. A survey consisting of eighteen (18) representative farms in ten (10) villages located in two (2) provinces formed the basis for semi-structured interviews with groups of women registered with the Regional Union of Cereal Producers. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the survey data. Based on the survey results, the representative farms were primarily family farms with two methods of seeding maize: manual sowing and partial or exclusive use of the ASMC mechanical seeder. The draft donkey ownership rate was 68% on the manual and 41% on the mixed-method of seeding farms. Donkeys provided a significant reduction in the time needed for tillage and planting operations for 74% of the respondents, thereby improving the timeliness of farming activities. There was a positive correlation between total land use for farm activities and the number of draft donkeys on the farm. 67% of the women farmers believed that sowing with a pair of oxen was faster (P<0.05) than with one donkey power, as they usually do. The cost of sowing with the oxen was slightly higher compared to the donkey, but the cost of adoption was significantly greater for oxen (P<0,05). Based on this study, donkeys in these farming systems can increase productivity and improve women farmers' welfare.
An Analysis of the Restricted Euler Problem Using Symplectic Integrators
Authors: Yip Henry , Smillie Jennifer
Published: February 2025

The Three-Body Problem is far from fully solved despite centuries of effort. The restricted Euler Problem is a special case in which two bodies are fixed in place, resulting in two Poisson-commuting conserved quantities, allowing the system to be fully integrable by the Liouville-Arnold theorem. We analysed the restricted Euler problem using an order-4 symplectic integrator, which conserves the Hamiltonian. We used this integrator to simulate the restricted Euler problem and recovered known orbits from the literature.
Nutrición pospilórica vs gástrica para prevenir riesgo de aspiración en pacientes críticamente enfermos: Revisión Sistemática
Authors: Canul Navarrete Karla Andrea , Pérez Aban Lidia Karina , Cab Cob Aracely Yazmin , Contreras José Andrés Gil , Tun Gonzalez Dallany Trinidad
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Las técnicas y materiales empleados para la alimentación enteral se han desarrollado, lo que ha permitido reducir las complicaciones, así mismo intervienen factores como las características de la dieta a administrar y el acceso al tracto digestivo. Metodología: Revisión sistemática, se identificaron términos y se tradujo a través del DeCS y MeSH, las fuentes documentales consultadas fueron: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Springer Link y Google académico,  como estrategia de búsqueda se crearon cadenas utilizando el operador booleano AND y términos libres en  el rango de tiempo  de 2012 a 2022, se consideraron artículos con diseños de revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que comparaban la nutrición gástrica versus pospilórica. Resultados: Se localizaron 839 artículos, se aplicaron criterios de elegibilidad seleccionando 13. Los estudios que cumplieron con los criterios fueron 9 artículos, con diseño de metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas.  Se evaluó la calidad de las evidencias mediante el instrumento Fichas de Lectura Crítica (FLC) en su versión 3.0 y para la asignación del nivel de evidencia, grado de recomendación la escala Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford (OCEBM). Discusión: La nutrición pospilorica demostró una menor tasa de reflujo del contenido gástrico y menor incidencia de complicaciones gastrointestinales, mejora los resultados en los pacientes críticos por lo que disminuye la estancia en las unidades de cuidados intensivos Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los hallazgos obtenidos se encontró que la vía enteral pospilórica puede reducir el riesgo de aspiración pulmonar, sin embargo, es menos utilizada debido a la complejidad en la instalación.
Experiencias psicosociales del adulto joven con diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica en estadio V
Authors: Martinez Martinez Monica Yesenia
Published: February 2025

Introducción. La enfermedad renal crónica representa uno de los problemas con mayor dimensión anivel mundial, es considerada como una enfermedad catastrófica debido a su incremento durante losúltimos años. Es indiscutible que la pérdida de la función renal provoca en los pacientes limitacionesen su desarrollo personal, laboral, familiar y social, además de que presentan afecciones emocionalesy psicológicas. Objetivo. evidenciar las experiencias psicosociales del paciente renal en tratamiento dehemodiálisis. Metodología. estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico interpretativo según Heidegger; fueronun total de 5 participantes de entre 23 a 29 años con ERC de aproximadamente 5 años de evolución.Hallazgos. La ERC impacta y cambia el estilo de vida de forma irreversible, debido a la repercusión en lasalud física, psicológica, social y económica, comienzan a experimentar cambios de roles y de identidadhaciendo pensar al paciente que no volverá a ser el mismo ni a desempeñar ciertas actividades, una vezque acepta la situación, desarrolla estrategias para enfrentar su realidad, todo esto con ayuda de red deapoyo. Conclusión. Ser joven y tener que enfrentarse a una enfermedad terminal implica más que deteriorofísico; dimensionar esta situación representa un impacto emocional, ya que las relaciones sociales, la vidaacadémica y laboral se modifican, cambiando así el estilo de vida de los pacientes y sus familiares. Cuandoel personal de salud comprende las modificaciones por las que atraviesa el paciente renal, éste tiene lacapacidad de otorgar información y cuidado pertinente que ayudan a afrontar el duelo y la aceptación.
La importancia de la reflexión para la formación y el conocimiento
Authors: Barrón Colin Mariana
Published: February 2025

La pandemia por Covid-19 ha dejado al descubierto la importancia del trabajo en equipo dentro de las áreas de las ciencias de la salud, una interdisciplinariedad que debe fomentarse día con día en la formación del profesional sanitario no solo dentro de un espacio clínico u hospitalario sino también en el contexto escolar o formativo, ya que es en donde inicia la construcción del conocimiento, y también, en donde los valores éticos se forjan con base en la reflexión [...]
Facultad de Enfermería y Obstetricia: Una nueva etapa en la enfermería universitaria
Authors: Zárate Grajales Rosa Amarilis
Published: February 2025

Con una trayectoria de más de tres décadas como docente dentro de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), la Doctora Rosa Amarilis Zárate Grajales,  Directora de la Facultad de Enfermería y Obstetricia (FEnO), dice sentirse congratulada de tener la oportunidad histórica de dirigir dicha facultad en este momento de transición [...]
Profesionalización de una disciplina que ha evolucionado
Authors: Pineda Olvera Juan , Lara Barrón Ana María
Published: February 2025

La profesionalización de la Enfermería es una exigencia del mundo globalizado donde con mayor frecuencia la población demanda cuidados profesionales, sustentados en conocimientos disciplinares y de otras disciplinas, con un trabajo interprofesional, apoyado en la investigación para transferir conocimiento a la solución de [...]
Disciplina científica y humanística del arte de cuidar
Authors: Rodríguez Zamora María Cristina
Published: February 2025

Es un motivo de satisfacción presentar en este editorial la celebración de los 20 años de la Licenciatura en Enfermería en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala de la UNAM. [...]
Factores limitantes en docentes enfermeros de la FESI UNAM para el desarrollo de la consultoría
Authors: Martinez Rivas Kaleb Aldair , Vargas Mendoza Gabriela Alejandra
Published: February 2025

Introducción. El papel de consultor en enfermería se ve influenciado por diferentes factores que imposibilitan una mayor demanda y ampliación en la aplicación de las intervenciones de enfermería, estos, predisponen la oferta demanda del servicio, además del reconocimiento de la labor enfermero.  Por esto, surge la pregunta: ¿Qué factores limitan el desarrollo de la consultoría de enfermería en docentes enfermeros de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM? Objetivo. Determinar los principales factores que limitan el desarrollo de la consultoría de enfermería en docentes de la FESI, UNAM. Metodología. Estudio cuantitativo, observacional y analítico, de corte transversal con un nivel relacional. Se analizaron 3 dimensiones: profesional, económica y social. La muestra fue de 54 docentes matriculas en la carrera de la licenciatura en enfermería de la FES Iztacala, UNAM del 2022. Se aplicó un instrumento autoadministrado e integrado por 19 ítems. Resultados. Los datos demuestran que un 55.6% de los encuestados no considera abrir un consultorio de enfermería, mientras que el 44.4% sí. Se observó una asociación estadística con el grado de impacto de los factores sociales y el desarrollo de la consultoría de enfermería, mientras que el grado de impacto de los factores económicos y profesionales no tienen una asociación significativa, por lo que no son limitantes para el desarrollo de un consultorio de enfermería. Conclusión. Los resultados del análisis estadístico reflejan que los factores como el reconocimiento social y profesional limitan de manera significativa el desarrollo de la consultoría para los docentes de enfermería.
Telecuidado y atención domiciliaria en adultos mayores con Covid19: El caso de especialistas en enfermería
Authors: Ponce Gómez Gandhy , Carmona Mejía Beatriz , Bernal Becerril Martha Lilia , González Juárez Graciela , Huerta González Sara
Published: February 2025

Introducción. La calidad de vida del adulto mayor (AM), se ve determinada por su capacidad para mantener laautonomía y la independencia. En México, alrededor del 67% de los AM, presentan diferentes enfermedadescrónicas, en quienes la mayoría de las muertes por la COVID-19 ocurrieron en personas de 70 años omás, en 2020 y 2021. Objetivo. Describir la situación de adultos mayores con COVID19 intervenidos contelecuidado y atención domiciliaria brindada por especialistas de enfermería y equipo multidisciplinario dela salud. Metodología. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, longitudinal, con la atención de enfermería y equipomultidisciplinario, con muestreo por conveniencia de 89 participantes. Aprobación por Comité de ética yapego a los códigos de ética, así como firma de consentimiento informado. Resultados. En la primera visitadomiciliaria se realizó la historia clínica de cada participante, así como triage respiratorio. Se diagnosticóafectación de actividades básicas de la vida diaria, principalmente en la alimentación, movilidad y baño.El promedio de días de atención fue de 14.05 días, las enfermeras realizaron 445 visitas domiciliarias, 267llamadas telefónicas, y 962 videollamadas en el periodo de atención. El 39.32% de los participantes tuvo queutilizar tanque de oxígeno y/o concentrador por cifras de desaturación de oxígeno, las cuales mejoraronal final de la atención. Respecto al trabajo interdisciplinario se realizaron un total de 26 referencias con especialistas del equipo interdisciplinario (nutrición, neumología y geriatría). Conclusiones. La atencióndomiciliaria y el telecuidado son estrategias que en paralelo resuelven problemas de salud en gruposvulnerables ante una emergencia epidemiológica sanitaria. Especialistas en enfermería lograron la reducción de complicaciones respiratorias, prevención de hospitalizaciones, y control de salud en las comorbilidades.
Redefiniendo la vida digna: análisis de la sentencia sobre la eutanasia en Ecuador
Authors: Batista Jiménez Fernando
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo analiza la sentencia de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador sobre la acción pública de inconstitucionalidad, presentada contra el artículo 144 del Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP), que tipificaba el homicidio simple. La resolución judicial permitió la práctica de la eutanasia activa bajo ciertas condiciones, argumentando que el derecho a la vida digna y el libre desarrollo de la personalidad prevalecen sobre la mera existencia física en casos de sufrimiento extremo. Este trabajo aborda los antecedentes del caso, la argumentación de las partes, el análisis jurídico de la Corte y las implicaciones legales y éticas de la decisión. Además, se reflexiona sobre el concepto de dignidad humana y su impacto en la configuración de los derechos fundamentales, y ofrece una crítica al marco jurídico actual y sus retos para regular los procedimientos eutanásicos.
Cuatro lecturas sobre la relación constitucionalismo-democracia. En defensa de la “conversación entre iguales”
Authors: Gargarella Roberto
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo examino la vieja tensión entre el constitucionalismo y la democracia, examinando algunas de sus reverberaciones contemporáneas. Exploro, entonces, cuatro lecturas diferentes acerca de cómo re-pensar y resolver esa tensión: 1) contra la democracia; 2) a favor del constitucionalismo (o “por la restauración constitucional”); 3) contra el constitucionalismo, y 4) a favor de la democracia (o “por la restauración democrática”). En el texto, y luego de introducir y comentar críticamente a cada una de estas cuatro alternativas, daré algunas razones para considerar a la última de tales posturas (“por la restauración de la democracia”), como la más plausible, y en línea con lo que denominó “la conversación entre iguales”.
El dictamen contable en el ámbito penal
Authors: Mijangos Borja María de la Luz
Published: February 2025

Las reformas constitucionales de 2014 será un referente importante en el combate a la corrupción, cáncer social que ocupa un lugar prioritario de la agenda nacional. Entre estas reformas, está la transición de la Procuraduría General de la República a la Fiscalía General de la República, y con ello a la creación de la Fiscalía Especializada en materia de Combate a la Corrupción, cuya titular y responsables del inicio de actividades es la Dra. María de la Luz Mijangos Borja, quien comparte la importancia del dictamen contable para cumplir con la procuración de justicia; oportunidad para reafirmar la relevancia de la profesión contable y analizar los retos que los peritos enfrentan en materia de especialización y profesionalización.
Oratoria, el arte de hablar en público
Authors: Asali Serio Jorge
Published: February 2025

Las estadísticas anuales que la UNAM reporta a través del Sistema para el Seguimiento de Egresados destacan, dentro del rubro de las habilidades generales más apreciadas en el ámbito laboral, a la comunicación verbal y a la oratoria. Esto apunta que desarrollar el arte de hablar en público es una acción fundamental que potencia la experiencia formativa y personal durante el paso por la universidad. Oratoria, el arte de hablar en público, ofrece un panorama de los distintos elementos que deben ser considerados al tener que hablar ante un auditorio, los retos a los que se enfrenta el orador y recomendaciones para desempeñarse asertivamente ante una audiencia, logrando generar una invitación a la práctica constante de esta habilidad propia de todas las personas y que bien vale la pena desarrollar.
Hacia el 10° Foro Mundial del Agua 2024
Authors: GONZÁLEZ VILLAREAL FERNANDO J.
Published: February 2025

Hablar del agua y lo determinante que es para garantizar la vida en el plantea, sigue siendo una prioridad que requiere de la participación de toda la sociedad. La problemática en torno a los recursos hídricos y su disponibilidad es complejo porque las acciones a emprender involucran a un sinnúmero de instancias públicas, privadas y por supuesto, a la sociedad civil, donde la gobernabilidad y la gobernanza son condición fundamental para su establecimiento. El doctor Fernando J. González Villarreal, coordinador técnico de la Red de Agua UNAM, participó en el 10° Foro Mundial del Agua y comparte las acciones inmediatas que en materia hídrica fueron expuestas
Gobernanza para instituciones públicas de educación superior (IPAES)
Authors: Ursul Solanes Juan
Published: February 2025

Las instituciones de educación superior señalan a la investigación y la docencia como las funciones sustantivas para cumplir con su misión, pero también lo es la extensión de la cultura, considerada desde hace décadas como tercera misión. Esta última se refiere al compromiso social que las universidades tienen con la sociedad y con el entorno al que pertenecen, y para cumplir con dicho compromiso, es necesario que actualicen su modelo de gestión desde la perspectiva de la gobernanza, entendida como la respuesta que da el Estado a las diversas necesidades sociales, políticas y económicas de un país. El doctor Juan Ursul Solanes aporta un modelo en gobernanza para la UNAM tendiente a visibilizar estas acciones y contribuir con ello a una efectiva rendición de cuentas.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates
Authors: Gowrinathan Sivaranjani , Gururajan Gayathri , Kaliyaperumal Kathireshan A. , Samson Leah Ashrita , Vijayaraman Rajyoganandh Subramanian , Renganathan Senthil
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is extensive, both in healthcare settings and the general population. Biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae plays a key role in infection pathogenesis and serves as important defensive strategy against antibiotics and immune evasion. This study examined the presence of efflux pumps, potential for biofilm development, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of K. pneumoniae isolates was performed using the disc diffusion method. All isolates were tested for efflux pump presence using the cartwheel method, and biofilm production was estimated using tissue culture plate, tube, and Congo red agar methods. PCR amplification was performed using specific primers to detect genes encoding drug resistance and biofilm formation. All 17 isolates of K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited multidrug- resistance and functional efflux pumps. Nevertheless, the capacity of these organisms to produce biofilms differed, with eight (47%) strong biofilm formers, seven (41%) moderate biofilm formers, and two (11%) weak biofilm formers. The antibiotic resistance genes, blaCTX-M , blaKPC , and blaNDM were present in 15 (88%), 11 (64%), and seven (41%) K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. The genes, acrAB, tolC, and mdtK, encoded efflux pumps present in 12 (70%), 15 (88%), and 10 (58%) isolates, respectively. Biofilm genes, mrkD, fimH, and luxS, were present in 16 (94%) isolates. This study revealed multiple factors that lead to the notable drug resistance observed in K. pneumoniae isolates. Therefore, it is advisable to implement a holistic strategy for managing diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.
Evaluating a Fungal Consortium for Efficient Rice Stubble Degradation
Authors: Singh Dilbag , Shukla Livleen , Kamil Deeba , Singh Sandeep Kumar , Kumar Ajay
Published: February 2025

Lignocellulosic residues, including rice stubble, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xylan, and lignin, were evaluated as substrates for cultivating lignocellulolytic fungi in submerged fermentation at 30 °C over 15 days. Rice stubble, accounting for 40-60% of rice plant biomass and containing 42.14% cellulose, 22.08% hemicellulose, and 11.98% lignin, was explored as a renewable resource for energy and biochemical production. Four fungal strains-Penicillium oxalicum (F1), Talaromyces pinophilus (F12), Penicillium griseofulvum (F22), and Trichoderma reesei (F26) were evaluated for their lignocellulolytic enzyme production potential. Enzyme assays conducted at 3-day intervals revealed maximal production of CMCase (63.42-88.26 U/mL), FPase (46.01-80.66 U/mL), xylanase (1146.10-1640.52 U/mL), lignin peroxidase (0.192-0.287 U/mL), and laccase (0.193-0.434 U/mL). ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequencing confirmed the fungal strain identities. These findings highlight the potential of the tested fungal strains for hydrolytic stubble production and lignocellulose degradation, positioning rice straw as a cost-effective carbon source for biotechnological applications in biorefineries.
Risk Factors of Candida Urinary Tract Infection in Hospitalised Patients at A Tertiary Referral Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Garini Winny Ardhitiya , Endraswari Pepy Dwi , Widya Alicia Margaretta , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Asmarawati Tri Pudy
Published: February 2025

Candiduria is a condition in which Candida species are found in the urine. Candiduria is commonly found in hospitalized patients, especially those with diabetes mellitus and those receiving medical care, especially using urine catheters. Although Candida is a normal part of the body’s flora, certain species can opportunistically cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for Candida UTIs in patients hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. This was an analytical, observational, and cross-sectional study included 52 patients hospitalized with Candida culture results, who underwent urine re-collection for confirmatory culture examination. The results showed a significant correlation between candiduria (p = 0.000); yeast, pseudohyphae, or hyphae found on Gram staining (p = 0.024); and previous antibiotic use (p = 0.027) with Candida UTIs. This suggests that candiduria, presence of yeast, pseudohyphae, or hyphae found on Gram staining, and previous antibiotic use are risk factors for Candida UTIs. In conclusion, these findings underscore the need for careful monitoring of antibiotic use and candiduria in hospitalized patients to prevent Candida UTIs.
Identification of Natural Inhibitors Targeting the NS3-Like Helicase Enzyme of Emerging Tick Alongshan Virus
Authors: Attar Roba M.S.
Published: February 2025

In this study, considering the vital biological importance of the Alongshan virus NS3-like helicase enzyme, several machine learning and artificial intelligence-based software and servers were used to identify compounds that exhibited the best binding affinity for the helicase enzyme. The predicted compounds were MSID000152, MSID000165, MSID000200, AfroDb.28, and AfroDb.207 with binding energy scores of -9.7, -9.5, -9.4, -8.65, and -8.01 kcal/mol, respectively. Because static intermolecular confirmation is not highly valued in terms of docked stability, the results were validated through molecular dynamics simulation analysis within 100 ns. The MSID000152, MSID000165, and MSID000200 showed significant uniform dynamics with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values of <3 Å. The intermolecular interaction energies were estimated using two well-known methods: MMPBSA and WaterSwap. Both methods agreed regarding the appreciated intermolecular strength of the leads with the helicase enzyme. Van der Waals interactions were identified to be the dominant force in stabilizing the ligands with the helicase enzyme in all complexes. Similarly, the electrostatic energy supported the stable intermolecular conformation of the docked complexes. The selected compounds were drug-like and exhibited good pharmacokinetic properties.
Prevalence of mecC Gene in MRSA at A Tertiary Hospital in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Amandani Fiola Elsabillah , Amelia Sri , Arrasyid Nurfida Khairina , Wahyuni Fera , Balatif Ridwan
Published: February 2025

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to β-lactam antibiotics owing to the presence of mecA and mecC resistance genes. Resistance genes in MRSA are carried by a genetic component named staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). The mecC gene showed 63% similarity with the mecA gene. This resulted in the mecC gene not being detected by routine PCR examination, which specifically detects mecA. Data regarding the epidemiology of molecular detection of the mecC gene in Indonesia are still very limited, especially in North Sumatra Province. This study aimed to characterize MRSA resistance genes in a tertiary hospital in Medan, North Sumatra. Clinical samples of the infection were collected and identified as MRSA using the VITEK-2 compact device. A total of 80 samples from bacteremia patients in our hospital were used in this research. The detection of resistance genes is performed using conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Visualization of the presence of genes was performed using electrophoresis. The mec gene was detected in 79 MRSA samples (98.75%). A total of 63 samples carried two resistance genes, mecA and mecC (78.75%), 15 samples carried only mecC (18.75%), one sample carried only mecA, and only one sample carried neither mecA nor mecC. The finding of the mecC gene is a cause for concern because it cannot be detected via routine PCR. This study showed that the majority of MRSA bacteria carry a mixture of mecA and mecC genes.
Optimization of Liquid Fermentation Conditions for N-Glycosylated Ganoderma lucidum Immunomodulatory Protein Production by an Engineered Pichia pastoris
Authors: Liu Yan , Guo Zhijian , Yang Jiayi , Zhou Xuanwei
Published: February 2025

The Ganoderma lucidum immunomodulatory protein (FIP-glu) holds promise as a potential anti-tumor therapeutic agent. Enhancing the expression and stability of the engineered yeast strain is crucial for its industrial viability. This study focused on optimizing the fermentation parameters to produce an N-glycosylated protein, designated T36N, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GS115 strain with a mutant gene FIP-glu_T36N, a FIP-glu variant with an N-linked glycan modification. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the fermentation parameters that influence the yield of the N-glycosylated protein. Initially, the impact of fermentation duration on the optical density (OD600) and protein yield of P. pastoris GS115 were assessed, leading to the determination of a 96-hour fermentation period as optimal. Subsequently, the interplay among fermentation temperature, initial pH, and methanol concentration on protein yield was explored. The RSM analysis revealed the most favorable conditions for fermentation: a temperature of 26 °C, an initial pH of 6.5, and a methanol concentration of 1.00%. Verification tests confirmed that under these optimized conditions, the T36N yield peaked at 346.64 ± 3.47 mg.L-1, marking a 32.9% increase. The results underscored the capability of achieving high yields of T36N through the optimization of P. pastoris GS115 fermentation conditions. This research laid the groundwork for the industrial-scale production of N-glycosylated immunomodulatory proteins, offering a platform for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Identification of Physiological Races for Fusarium‎ ‎ oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ‎Causing Tomato Fusarium Wilt in Greenhouses Along the Syrian Coast
Authors:   Agricultural Scientific Research Center, Latakia, Syria, Sbieh Ali , Choumane W. ,   Biotechnology Center, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria, Matar M ,   Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to identify the physiological races of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), the causal agent of tomato Fusarium wilt, in greenhouses along the Syrian coast. The greenhouses in Latakia and Tartous governorates were surveyed during the period 2019-2020. The wilted tomato plant samples were collected during the late stage of plant growth. The pathogenic fungus was isolated from infected plant stems, and the causal agent species was identified according to colony and microscopic characteristics. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed on a susceptible tomato hybrid. The physiological races were identified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of fungus DNA using specific primer sets (SP13 and SP23). The results obtained showed that all isolates belonged to race 1, and based on our knowledge, this is the first report of FOL race 1 along the Syrian coast.

Keywords:

Physiological races, Fusarium wilt, tomato, greenhouses, Syrian coast.
Laboratory Study of Some Biological Parameters and Life Table of Opuntia Cochineal Scale Insect, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) in Syria
Authors:   General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Agricultural Research Center, Hama, Syria, Asaad Firas , Chikh-Khamis Ziad ,   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria;, Bufaur Mazen ,   eneral Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Agricultural Research Center, Swedaa, Syria.
Published: February 2025

Opuntia cochineal scale insect, Dactylopius opuntiae caused rapid serious damage on cactus Opuntia ficus-indica in Syria, after the first report in 2019. This study was carried out to study some biological parameters and the life table of the insect under laboratory conditions. The developmental durations of nymph 1 and nymph 2 were on average 7.39 and 8.47 days, respectively. The development was completed in 15.86 days. The average pre-oviposition and oviposition periods were 15.1 and 36.3 days, respectively. The average fecundity of females was 566.1 individuals. The average eggs incubation period was 33.9 minutes. The hatching rate was 82%. In males, the developmental duration of nymph 1, nymph 2 and pupa were 8.15, 7.39 and 7.91 days, respectively. The insect development was completed in 23.28 days. The adult males lived only 3.3 days (on average) and the sex ratio (males:females) was 1:3. Life table investigations showed that the survival average (lx) was 0.55, the net reproduction rate (Ro) was 188 females/female, the mean generation time (T) was 50.42 days, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.104 females/female/day, the finite rate of increase (ʎ) was 1.11 females/female/day and the duration of doubling time (DT) was 6.67 days. Based on these results, it was concluded that D. opuntiae had a potential to colonize the cactus plant rapidly, and the results obtained could be useful to understand pest biology and its dynamics in order to develop appropriate IPM programs.

Keywords:

Opuntia cochineal Scale insect, Dactylopius opuntiae, cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica, biology, life table.
The Effect of Temperature on Development and Fecundity of Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella
Authors:   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria, Mayhoub S. , Basheer Abdel Nabi ,   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria, AlSayeda H. ,   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
Published: February 2025

Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae), recently has become a serious pest in Syria, especially in citrus nurseries. Development and fecundity of P. citrella were recorded at four constant temperatures ranging from 20, 25, 30, 35±1°C, 70±10% relative humidity and photoperiod of 14:10 hours (L:D) and on seedlings of Citrus sinensis cultivar Valencia as host. This study was carried out in the laboratories of Latakia Center for Breeding and Applications of Biological Enemies during 2022. Results obtained indicated that the developmental time (egg to adult) of P. citrella decreased with increasing temperatures, ranging from 20.82 days at 20°C to 10.25 days at 35°C. Results also showed significant reduction in the incubation period from 7.58 days at 20°C to 2.66 days at 35°C, and mortality rate increase from 13 to 22% at 20 and 35°C. respectively. The larval period was 9.44, 5.24, 4.48 and 4.0 days and pupal period was 9.22, 6.84, 5.76 and 4.78 days at 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, respectively. The highest mortality rate in egg, larval and pupal periods was observed at 35°C (22.00, 11.50 and 15.94%, respectively). At all temperatures studied the females lived significantly longer than the males. Both females and the males lived longer at a temperature of 20°C (the female 13.3 and the male 11.5 days) and shorter at 35°C (5.8 days for females and 4.5 days for males). The study showed that the preoviposition period was very short. Results showed significant reduction in Oviposition period, ranging from 8.43 to 5.52 days at 20 and 35°C, respectively. The fecundity was found to be 27.74, 46.413, 57.8 and 49.5 eggs/female at 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, respectively. The sex ratio for the offspring was 1:1.2, 1:1.4, 1.0: 1.5 and 1:1 male: female at 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, respectively. It can be concluded from this study that the temperature of 30°C was optimal for P. citrella development.

Keywords:

Citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella, development, fecundity, sex ratio.
Evaluating Field Management Protocol of the Invasive Pest Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus at Basra, Iraq
Authors:   Basra Plant Protection Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Basra, Iraq, Alderawii M.M , Alyousuf A.A ,   Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Basra, Iraq, Hasan S.A ,   Plant Protection Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq, Abood R.A ,   Basra Plant Protection Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Basra, Iraq, Abbas S.S ,   Basra Plant Protection Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Basra, Iraq, Abdullah R.t ,   Basra Plant Protection Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Basra, Iraq
Published: February 2025

Monthly monitoring of the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus populations was conducted using pheromone traps (RHYFER 700). A six-year evaluation (2017-2022) assessed the effectiveness of a twice-yearly chemical control program. This protocol involved aerial spraying and injection of the insecticides imidacloprid and deltamethrin at Safwan County of Basra, Iraq. The results obtained showed that the infestation levels of RPW across the studied orchards varied in 2017. However, in the year 2022, a noticeable reduction in infestation was observed suggesting that the control protocol used was effective. The captured numbers of RPW adults per pheromone trap exhibited notable fluctuations during the study years. The monthly population of captured RPW showed also significant variation; the highest mean numbers of captured adults per trap were 2.06 and 2.47 weevils/trap in March and April, respectively. However, the lowest average number of captured weevils was 0.51 and 0.54 weevils/trap in January and December, respectively. Consistently, the sex ratio of RPW populations in Safwan County exhibited a bias towards female weevils. The study emphasized the need for continuous monitoring, which is essential for the adaptive pest management strategies of RPW infestations in date palm orchards.

Keywords:

Chemical control, date palm, red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, pheromone trap.
The Effect of Some Isolates of Fungi That Cause Melon Root Rot Disease on the Germination of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seeds and Seedlings
Authors:   Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Slebi E.A. , Al-Juboory H.H. ,   Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted at the Plant Diseases Laboratory of the Agricultural Pest Control Section, Agricultural Protection Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq, and aimed to isolate and diagnose the common fungi associated with melon root rot disease and test their pathogenic ability to inhibit melon seed germination and infect seedlings. Isolation and diagnosis of fungi associated with root samples from melon plants that showed symptoms of discoloration, root rot and plant wilting from five regions in Iraq: Samarra, Dujail, Balad, Abu Ghraib and Al-Yusufiah, identified 38 isolates (F1 – F38) belonging to the fungi Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Monosporacus sp., Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani. Results of testing the pathogenicity of the isolates on melon seeds by using water agar (WA) culture medium showed differences among isolates in their ability in reducing the germination rate of melon seeds, with a significant difference to the control treatment. , and the isolates F23 and F24 of M. phaseolina and F8 and F34 of R. solani differed from all other isolates due to their high pathogenicity, as they completely inhibited seed germination, with a highly significant difference from the control treatment, where germination rate reached 93.33%. Testing the pathogenicity of the most pathogenic isolates in pots and under shade conditions confirmed that the two isolates of the fungus R. solani (F8 and F34) produced significantly the highest incidence and severity of infection, reaching 100% for both isolates.

Keywords:

Melon root rot, Fusarium spp., M. phaseolina, R. solani, pathogenicity.
Assessment of the Regions Differentiation in the Context of the Economic Security Ensuring
Authors: Li Mengda
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the problem of economic security has become signiﬁcantly more acute. One of the threats to economic security is excessive diﬀerentiation of the country’s regions by their level of socio-economic development. This diﬀerentiation makes the country’s economic space heterogeneous. The corresponding threat to economic security requires neutralization. The key issue here is the choice of a method for assessing the level of diﬀerentiation. The article analyzes the methodological techniques used to assess regional diﬀerentiation. It is shown that they not only diﬀer, but can also give contradictory results when applied. The need for uniﬁcation and integration of approaches to assessing regional diﬀerentiation in the context of ensuring economic security is revealed. These recommendations can be considered when implementing economic policy at both the federal and regional levels.
On the Strategy for Implementing the Import Substitution Policy and Ensuring Technological Sovereignty of the Russian Federation
Authors: Karanatova L. G. , Elsukov M. Y.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the issues of developing a policy in the ﬁeld of import substitution and ensuring technological sovereignty. The prerequisites for the emergence of the need to solve them are considered. Sanction pressure on the Russian economy led to the departure of investors from the domestic market from states that pursue an unfriendly policy towards the Russian Federation. This, in turn, led to the rupture of economic and technological ties. It forced us to look for a replacement for imported goods from these countries, to implement an import substitution policy. Further escalation of sanctions pressure required the development and implementation of a policy to ensure technological sovereignty. This required a new look at the issues of innovative development. Russia has experience in implementing a policy aimed at building an innovative economy. Based on its analysis, conclusions are made about the risks of ensuring innovative development by borrowing foreign technologies, the need to implement a technological development policy based on our own resources. The article considers the Strategy for Scientiﬁc and Technological Development of the Russian Federation and the Concept of Technological Development for the period up to 2030 as strategic planning documents related to the implementation of policies in the ﬁeld of import substitution and ensuring technological sovereignty. The article considers the problems of the functioning of the strategic planning system, proposes approaches to coordinating the strategy for ensuring technological development with industry strategies and the strategy of spatial development. Options for carrying out these agreements are proposed and compared.
Organizational and Economic Aspects of Ensuring Information Security in Logistics Systems
Authors: Dmitriev A. V.
Published: February 2025

The article discusses issues of ensuring information and economic security as one of the most important qualitative characteristics of logistics systems that determine the ability to ensure the established parameters of material ﬂows in the process of goods distribution when introducing digital systems and technologies. An analysis of modern risks and threats characteristic of the development of digital ecosystems of transport and logistics services is carried out. The key factors for ensuring economic security and their importance in logistics are examined from the point of view of ensuring operational control over compliance with established key indicators of product distribution. The issues of ensuring the parameters of commodity distribution within the established threshold values are touched upon in order to achieve optimal functioning of the commodity distribution system and ensure the economic activity of the enterprise with all the necessary resources. Logistics systems are studied for the eﬀective organization and management of material ﬂows, aimed at ensuring the reliability of operation and implementation of the strategy of economic entities. The necessity of using modern digital technologies to increase the level of economic security in logistics systems and ensure transparency, controllability and traceability of material ﬂows in the ﬁeld of commodity distribution is substantiated. At the same time, the very fact of digitalization of cargo delivery processes is considered from the perspective of the ecosystem paradigm and platform concept. The patterns of transformation of traditional logistics operators into providers of digital logistics services are substantiated. A model of a cyber-physical ecosystem in logistics has been developed, providing end-to-end management of business processes and data exchange in the process of goods distribution.
The Sociological Study of the Eventfulness of Childhood: an Evidence-Based Design of Programs for Children and Youth
Authors: Gubanova A. Yu. , Kolosova E. A. , Konyashkina A. S. V. , Mayorova-Scheglova S. N.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the article is to prove the possibilities and limitations of studying childhood events to justify practice-oriented projects in the ﬁeld of youth policy and childhood support. The article describes main directions of the evidence-based approach in applied research. Authors argue the need to use sociological data on the scale, speciﬁcs of various situations, episodes, debut events in childhood for making management decisions in evidence-based state policy in the ﬁeld of childhood and youth. The data of panel studies “Eventfulness of Childhood” implemented in 2018 and 2023 are analyzed. From an array of 100 signiﬁcant childhood events, those that are most relevant for designing various programs for children and youth (deviant childhood events, introduction to subcultural practices, mastering information and communication technologies, traditional practices of mastering culture) were selected to argue the evidence-based approach. It has been revealed which groups of children and adolescents are the target audience for projects on the prevention of deviation and associative subcultural groups, introduction to reading, digital hygiene programs, etc. The prospects for development of an evidence-based approach have been identiﬁed: the imperative of using it not only at the initial stage of creating projects, but also upon completion of programs to prove eﬀectiveness, the need to introduce research as a mandatory condition in grant programs, and a change in the priorities for selecting experts.
The Experimental Enhancing of the Radiation Shield Properties of Some Produced Compounds
Authors: WAHEED Faez , Iskender Akkurt
Published: February 2025

The number of hospitals in Iraq has increased during the recent period due to the many wars that Iraq entered, which led to the poor health status of many regions, many of the advanced devices depend on ionizing radiation for diagnosis and treatment, on the other hand, the use of radiation has been increased day by day according to the development of technology. Linear attenuation coefficients were calculated in two methods (practically and compared with Xcom online calculation methods), depending on these results, adding Magnetite Aggregate Concretes will have a positive effect on the density of the final compound, which leads to better absorption and better attenuator values for gamma emitter, it can be concluded that Magnetite Aggregate Concretes attenuators considered a good shielding for both low and very high photon energies where photoelectric and pair production effects are dominant, respectively.
Determination of Radiation Dose Level Exposed to Thyroid in C-Arm Scopy
Authors: Özlen Muhammed Selim , Cuma Ayşe Beyza , Yazıcı Selma Dilara , Yeğin Nami , Demir Özge , Aksoy Hilmi , Kekeç Eylem , Zengin Tülin , Günay Osman
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
This study aims to evaluate the radiation dose impacting thyroid tissue during C-arm fluoroscopy using the Alderson Rando phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100). Given the sensitivity of the thyroid, understanding the dose is crucial for patient safety.
The Alderson Rando phantom, representing a human equivalent, was employed for radiation exposure assessment. TLD-100 dosimeters were strategically placed in the thyroid region of the phantom's 9th section. Measurements were taken at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8-minute intervals. The study was conducted at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, with the Alderson Rando phantom sourced from the Department of Radiation Oncology. Evaluation of research findings occurred at the Cekmece Nuclear Research Center.
The study revealed the average radiation dose impacting thyroid internal tissue as 0.760 mSv (0.5 minutes), 1.319 mSv (1 minute), 2.7345 mSv (2 minutes), 5.633 mSv (4 minutes), and 11.5595 mSv (8 minutes). The average radiation dose affecting thyroid skin tissue was found to be 1.587 mSv (0.5 minutes), 2.3905 mSv (1 minute), 5.0075 mSv (2 minutes), 9.8115 mSv (4 minutes), and 18.8635 mSv (8 minutes).
Minimizing radiation dose is crucial to reduce potential harm to patients. However, the absence of established reference values in the literature emphasizes the need for determining this dose, as no standardized benchmark currently exists. Annual radiation dose limits for various body parts exist, but establishing specific values for thyroid tissue during C-arm fluoroscopy is essential for enhancing patient safety in radiological procedures.