bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rola sądownictwa administracyjnego na przykładzie względnej dewolutywności skargi kasacyjnej wniesionej do Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego
Authors: Rozczyński Beniamin , Mączyński Maciej
Published: March 2020

The role of the administrative judiciary on the basis of the relative devolution of the cassation appeal filed with the Supreme Administrative CourtThe important role of administrative courts is to examine the legality of public administration operations, which is a manifestation of the implementation of one of the fundamental constitutional principles, i.e. the principle of a democratic state governed by the rule of law, which gives effect to the principle of social justice. The administrative courts were provided with a new procedural instrument — the exchangeability of a cassation appeal. This institution entitles the voivodship administrative court, which states that in a case the proceedings are invalid or the grounds for the cassation complaint are clearly justified, to revoke the appealed judgment or the decision, also deciding on the application of a party on the reimbursement of the cassation proceedings costs and at the same meeting to reconsider the case.
Fundacja jako forma aktywizacji osób niepełnosprawnych i starszych
Authors: Pleśniak Marcin
Published: March 2020

The foundation as the form activation of the of disabled and elderly personsThe purpose of this article is to describe foundations, which are one of the most popular form of social activities next to associations. The author presents the foundation as a good way to the mobilization of disabled and elderly people. In the first part of the article the author presents a brief history of the development of foundations. The next section presents legal grounds of foundation in the Polish law. This ground is the Law of Foundation, dated 1984. Additionally, the article presents a comparison of the two forms of the social activities: foundations and associations. The most important differences are: Foundations — the main component of it are assets donated by the sponsor. Associations — people who create this form of social activity are the main component. Foundations — governing board holds the control over foundations; other organs are optional. Associations — authorities comprise of assembly of association members, governing board and an obligatory internal audit office. Foundation — directs its activities and represents it to the world; cannot direct its activities to the governing board. Associations — activities can be directed to the world but also to the members of the association. The article also presents a definition of economic activity and foundations’ possibilities to take such activities. The author describes his own experience at the foundation created by teachers and graduates from his former school for blind children. The article presents common challenges newly starting foundations have to face, the most important of which is the problem of vague evaluation criteria for applications in competitions organized by public authorities and problems with acquiring source of funds for their activity. In the last part of the article the author presented areas of activities performed by foundations working for disabled and elderly persons. The main scope is, of course, taking care of the elderly and disabled, but also facilitating the access to culture, art and the organization of tourist trips. The above mentioned activities are more and more needed and a lot of organizations are developing these areas.
Trendy zmian na rynku muzycznym w Polsce
Authors: Woźniak Jan
Published: March 2020

Trends of changes on the music market in PolandThe music market is a very dynamically growing segment of the worldwide economy. Modern solutions, for example music streaming, cause significant changes in the phonogram distribution process on a world scale. For this reason more and more listeners choose internet platforms, which offer a rich library of records for a subscription fee. The objective of this article is to provide a detailed description of the music market, to present marketing operations carried out by businesses from the music sector and to present results of survey studies on the impact of marketing operations on buyer’s behavior on the music market in Poland. This work is based on primary and secondary research concerned with buyers’ behaviors and a structural analysis of the music market.
„Dwunastu sędziów, każdy w czarnej zbroi, wszystkich maskami zamknięte oblicza…”? Fakty i mity o sądach femicznych
Authors: Bokwa Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie mało znanego w polskim prawoznawstwie zagadnienia, jakim jest historia i funkcjonowanie sądów  femicznych Vehmgerichte w Świętym Cesarstwie Rzymskim w późnym średniowieczu. Autor nakreśla terminologiczne i językowe problemy związane z licznymi legendami i mitami, jakie narosły wokół tej instytucji w ciągu wieków. Omówienie historii, roli i przyczyn sukcesu westfalskich sądów femicznych pozwala na ukazanie ich związku z dobą współczesną — nie tylko w kontekście mordów politycznych w Republice Weimarskiej, lecz także ewentualnej inspiracji dla współczesnych prawodawców. „Twelve judges each in sable armour clad, the visages of all inlocked by masks…”? Facts and myths about vehmic courtsThe paper shall discuss a topic little-known in Polish historical research: the history and organisation of the vehmic courts Vehmgerichte in the late medieval Holy Roman Empire. The author begins with the highlighting of linguistic and terminological problems, linked to the multiple legends and myths which have grown around those courts through the centuries. Depicting the history, role and wide popularity of Westphalian vehmic courts enables one to connect them with the present times, addressing not only the issue of political murders in the Weimar Republic, but also potential inspiration for the contemporary legislators.
Prawo własności intelektualnej w branży kosmetycznej
Authors: Sacha Gabriela
Published: March 2020

Niniejszy artykuł jest odpowiedzią na rosnące znaczenie rynkowe branży kosmetycznej. Ostatnie lata pokazują duży wzrost zamożności społeczeństwa w Polsce, co niewątpliwie ma wpływ na zwiększenie popytu na produkty kosmetyczne, a wraz z nim na skalę produkcji. Obecnie coraz większą popularność zyskują również marki lokalne albo takie, które tworzą produkty kosmetyczne na małą skalę ze względu na dbałość o naturalne składniki. W konsekwencji zmienia się struktura branży, w której istotne są już nie tylko duże firmy międzynarodowe, ponieważ swoją pozycję na rynku wyraźnie zaznaczają również średni, mali i mikroprzedsiębiorcy. W obliczu tych tendencji producenci prowadzą między sobą zaciętą walkę konkurencyjną o klienta. W niniejszym opracowaniu przeanalizowane zostały przepisy prawa polskiego oraz ustawodawstwa europejskiego. Zagadnienie poddano również badaniu analitycznemu, którego podstawę stanowiły orzeczenia Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej, Sądu Najwyższego oraz opisy  patentowe poszczególnych rozwiązań. W artykule opisano też uregulowania dotyczące produktów kosmetycznych w ustawodawstwie polskim oraz europejskim. Głównym celem jest przedstawienie obowiązujących przepisów prawa własności intelektualnej, które najlepiej odpowiadają specyfice branży kosmetycznej. Ważne jest również opisanie, w jaki sposób przedsiębiorcy mogą bronić się przed wykorzystywaniem ich renomy i pozycji rynkowej przez inne podmioty, które wprowadzają do obrotu tzw. lookalikes lub oferują produkty podrobione. Intellectual property law in cosmetics industryThis article is a response to the growing significance of the cosmetics industry. Recent years have shown a significant rise in individual wealth in Poland, which influences the increased demand for cosmetics products and with it the scale of their production. Currently local brands are also increasing in popularity, as well as small-scale, environmentally conscious and natural product-oriented manufacturers. As a consequence, the structure of the industry is also changing — it is no longer just the large multinational companies that are significant players, as medium, small, and micro-scale entrepreneurs are also making their mark. With such tendencies, manufacturers intensively compete with each other. This article analyses the provisions of Polish and European law. The issue has also been analytically researched, based on the judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the Polish Supreme Court and the patent descriptions of certain industry solutions. This article describes the regulation of cosmetic products in Polish and European legislation. The main aim of the article is the representation of current provisions of intellectual property law, which best reflect the cosmetics industry. This article also aims to show how entrepreneurs can defend themselves from using their prestige and market position by other entities introducing lookalike products or offering counterfeit products.
The horizontal impact of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights in accordance with the sentencing guidelines of the European Court of Justice
Authors: Moskal Anna , Kozłowski Jakub
Published: March 2020

One of the biggest challenges of European law is balancing the relations between the Member States and the European Union. An especially interesting aspect of this issue is the horizontal impact of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights. The authors of the article will reconstruct the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which precisely settles problems related to this issue. Various examples will be examined, ranging from the renowned judgment of the Grand Chamber of the Court in Case C-617/10 Åklagaren v. Hans Åkerberg Fransson to the most recent judgment of the Grand Chamber of the Court in Joined Cases C-569/16 and C-570/16 Stadt Wuppertal v. Maria Elisabeth Bauer and Volker Willmeroth v. Martin Broßonn. The authors will also evaluate the settled case law using a holistic perspective on the whole system of European law and its principles. Horyzontalny skutek oddziaływania Karty Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej w linii orzeczniczej Trybunalu Sprawiedliwosci UEJednym z największych wyzwań prawa europejskiego jest uzyskanie balansu między systemami prawnymi poszczególnych państw członkowskich a systemem Unii Europejskiej. Zagadnieniem, które jawi się jako niezwykle interesujące w tym kontekście, jest horyzontalny skutek oddziaływania Karty Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej. Autorzy artykułu dokonali rekonstrukcji linii orzeczniczej Trybunału Sprawiedliwości UE, które w sposób konsekwentny rozwija wykładnię tej problematyki — od legendarnego już wyroku wielkiej izby Trybunału w sprawie C-617/10 Åklagaren przeciwko Hansowi Åkerbergowi Franssonowi po najnowszy w badanym zakresie wyrok wielkiej izby Trybunału w sprawach połączonych C‑569/16 i C‑570/16 Stadt Wuppertal przeciwko Marii Elisabeth Bauer oraz Volker Willmeroth przeciwko Martinie Broßonn. Autorzy podjęli się także ewaluacji dotychczasowej linii orzeczniczej w sposób holistyczny, biorąc pod uwagę czynniki wynikające z całego systemu prawnego UE oraz jej zasad i wartości.
Polish journalism: A profession still in transition?
Authors: Stępińska Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

This paper aims at presenting the conclusions drawn from a systematic review of the studies conducted among Polish journalists since the 1970s. By comparing results of the studies on journalists with expectations and attitudes of current Polish journalism students, the paper offers an insight into the ongoing changes that have been observed among Polish journalists in the last four decades. In particular, the review revealed significant changes in a demographic profile of Polish journalists regarding gender, education, and employment, as well as their motivation to work in the profession. Furthermore, professional values of journalism in Poland have been slightly shifting from a traditional profile of a social educator and watchdog to new ones, such as a news provider.
A socio-demographic portrait of Central and Eastern European CEE journalists: A comparative analysis of the journalistic profession in eight CEE countries using the Worlds of Journalism Study
Authors: Vasilendiuc Natalia
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes the journalistic profession in eight Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Moldova, Romania, and Russia, using the quantitative findings of the Worlds of Journalism Study. The comparison refers to age, gender, education, positions, work experience, religion, and political views of journalists from these states. The study was conducted in each country by a national team responsible for the collected data. The national studies were carried out between 2012 and 2017. Over 3,000 journalists participated as respondents. For comparative analysis, the study builds on the national databases and the country reports written within the project by each national team.
Political advertising — a research overview
Authors: Holtz-Bacha Christina
Published: March 2020

In the United States electoral advertising on television has always been the most important campaign tool. Even though social media are gaining relevance, a major share of the campaign budget still goes into TV advertising. In other parts of the world, electoral advertising on television is much more regulated, which may be the reason why this campaign tool has not reached the same relevance as in the U.S. Th is article provides a comprehensive overview of the different research perspectives and in particular discusses differences between the role of electoral advertising in the U.S. and other countries, which also pose a challenge for international comparisons.
Famous women yearn for Putin, and other unlikely tales: Glamorizing right-wing populist actors in the Bulgarian editions of Cosmopolitan and Elle
Authors: Sternadori Miglena
Published: March 2020

This analysis identifies the dominant media frames in the coverage of four right-wing populist actors — Vladimir Putin, Donald Trump, Silvio Berlusconi, and Roman Abramovich — by the Bulgarian editions of Elle and Cosmopolitan. Although the political platforms of these men are not, in fact, anti-establishment, which is the core characteristic of populism, they are referred to as populist actors because of their use of populist tools and discourses to practice so-called “neo-populism from above.” The four men were framed as: a carriers of a “golden touch”; b sources of profound/problematic wisdom; and c admirable collectors of “trophy” women. The findings are discussed as illustrative of the tabloidization of U.S. women’s magazine brands in the post-communist context of Bulgaria.
Can a “Lone wolf ” quasi-investigative journalist substitute low functionality of the law enforcement system?
Authors: Školkay Andrej
Published: March 2020

The present article analyzes a relatively unusual case, in which a quasi-investigative journalist, working in an entirely independent capacity, succeeded in uncovering and foiling an international money laundering attempt. This extremely significant story reveals the existence of a complex legal framework for tackling money-laundering operations in the EU. In this particular instance, local police and prosecutors were unable to take action against the perpetrator of illegal activity, as the case did not fulfill conditions of local legislation. The present study thus draws attention to the weakness of anti-corruption and anti-money laundering legislation. It provides evidence that a non-affiliated journalist can also be a great asset to society, although the actual mostly low coverage of the case indicates a poor media understanding of the social implications of crime detection across both the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Wojna w języku
Authors: Miodek Jan
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the functioning of the word war in the Polish langue. The author presents its etymology, evolution of its meaning as well as morphological affinities. In addition, he points to the most frequently used phrases, proverbs and the so-called winged words featuring the word war. The last part of the article is devoted to war-related metaphors in sport.
Koncept wojna w kronikach Bukowiny: dzienniku Iwana Bażanskiego oraz bukowińskim kalendarzu prawosławnym
Authors: Marczuk Ludmyła
Published: March 2020

The linguistic and cultural units war in the sphere of Ukrainian prose in the context of cognitive linguistic, linguistic culture and social linguistic with using of conceptual and cognitive approach is studied. This approach allows to model and reflect the structural elements of speech act participants’ consciousness, it is based on the concept analysis, linguistic and cultural units, metaphorical models and stereotypes, which are the base of a specific conception.
Kolokacje leksemu wojna w dziejach języka polskiego. Analiza semantyczna
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Beata
Published: March 2020

The paper presents collocations of the noun wojna ‘war’ from the diachronic perspective. Gathered from historical dictionaries of the Polish language, the collocations amply illustrate four different meanings of the lexeme: ‘conflict’, ‘fight’, ‘military expedition’ and ‘army’. In respect of grammar, the collocations with verbs decidedly predominate, adequately reflecting the dynamic nature of war and a metaphorical way of its representation as the elements of fire and storm, the manner recorded by the collocations with nouns as well. A vast repertoire of the collocations documents beginning, waging and ending of war. Various parameters of war, such as time, space, strategy, are described by the collocations with adjectives, which also linguistically reflect emotions determined by war and bear testimony to its values from a relative point of view. Many of the collocations are characterized by considerable durability, therefore they have been preserved in the contemporary language.
Polacy na Krymie w latach dwudziestych i trzydziestych XX wieku
Authors: Hadomskyj Ołeksandr
Published: March 2020

During the last few years Europe is heading the problem of refugees. Nowadays there are 125 ethnicities in Crimea. Poles constitute one of these groups, and it is not the smallest one. A part of the contemporary community of Crimean Poles are the descendants of Polish refugees, who came to the peninsula in the first half of the 20th century. The present article is based on an analysis of the data from Crimean archives referring to the given topic. Published materials may arise the interest of not only historians but can be also useful for people willing to re-establish family ties, as well as in the process of solving problems connected with the refugees, whose number in the contemporary world is still getting higher.
Statystyka pojęć z kręgu znaczeniowego wojny w edukacyjnych materiałach pomocniczych dla maturzystów
Authors: Rudziński Grzegorz
Published: March 2020

Supporting materials on Polish history for graduates have been examined from the statistic side. Counting was not the individual parts of speech, but the word-forming bases of autosemantic words. In the material studied, relatively high frequency of concepts connected with the phenomenon of war was observed. Common concepts are war, fighting, army. On the other hand, related to the notion of war, rare words form long lists in the layer of hapax legomena. It allows to interpret some historical narrations intended for high school students as focused on the phenomenon of war.
зміна риторики українських футбольних фанатів під час суспільно-політичних подій в україні 2013–2016 років
Authors: Protsyk Iryna
Published: March 2020

Change of rhetoric of Ukrainian football fans during social and political events in Ukraine in 2013–2016In Ukrainian society football fans environment is usually perceived in a negative way — first of all due to its characteristic verbal aggression and rude behavior at the stadiums and beyond them. In Ukraine, like in all the other European countries, movements of football fans have never been aside from politics: they always emphasized their national identity, actively reacted to social and political events in the country, declared aggressive attitude towards fan movements which professed left views. Change of verbal aggression and traditionally hostile attitude towards rival fan groups happened in fans environment in 2013–2014, when in Ukraine Revolution of Dignity took place and fans were the first to defend its values. February 13, 2014 Manifesto of football fans was publicized which bears witness to transformation of traditional rhetoric of fans. Provisions of the Manifesto under the name of “A fan to another fan is like a brother and a friend from Luhansk to the Carpathians” which say about establishing of an open-ended truce among Ukrainian football ultras still hold. The aim of the article is to present change of verbal and non-verbal behaviour of Ukrainian football fans during social and political events in Ukraine in 2013–2016 and to give the examples of texts from the discourse of football fans which have become commonly recognized mottos and songs during Maidan and Russian aggression in Ukraine during 2014–2016.Зміна риторики українських футбольних фанатів під час суспільно-політичних подій в Україні 2013–2016 років В українському суспільстві середовище футбольних фанатів сприймають здебільшого негативно — як соціальну спільноту, якій притаманна словесна агресія та брутальна поведінка на стадіонах і поза ними. В Україні, як і в інших європейських країнах, рух футбольних фанатів ніколи не дистанціювався від політики: фанати завжди підкреслювали свою національну належність, активно відгукувалися на суспільно-політичні події в країні, демонстрували негативне ставлення до фанатських груп, які сповідують ліві погляди. Зміна словесної агресії та традиційно ворожої поведінки стосовно фанатів команд-суперниць відбулася в середовищі футбольних ультрас на зламі 2013–2014 років, коли в Україні відбулася Революція гідності. Фанати були першими, хто виступив на захист її вартостей. 13 лютого 2014 року з’явився маніфест футбольних ультрас, у якому помітна зміна їхньої традиційної риторики. Засади маніфесту, який має назву: «Від Луганська до Карпат фанат фанату — друг і брат», проголошували безстрокове перемир’я, що залишається непорушним дотепер. Метою статті є представлення трансформації вербальної та невербальної поведінки українських футбольних фанатів під час суспільно-політичних подій в Україні у 2013–2016 роках і розгляд текстів, які творять дискурс фанатів футболу, — текстів, які стали загальновживаними гаслами та піснями під час Майдану та російської агресії у 2014–2016 роках.
Ontologiczne aspekty interpretacji dokumentów osobistych
Authors: Stabrowski Marcin , Magdziak Marek
Published: March 2020

Ontological aspects of interpretation of personal documentsWhat historical source is and how it should be perceived by a historian, when the object of history of culture is understood as Husserlian Lebenswelt? Inspired by R. Ingardenʼs analyses of literature we present seven layers of written historical source. Although not all of them are utilized in the actual historical investigation, they enable to grasp important elements of the Lebenswelt. An effort to elaborate a complete theory of historical source in history of culture as well as description of the layers and their interrelations will not only enrich historianʼs toolset but will also open a field for investigations of interdisciplinary nature of such research and possible collaboration between rep­resentatives of other disciplines. Analysis of the Lebenswelt present in the historical source should be concerned with its own constraints and possible interpretations whereas the latter should not be derived from our contemporary views and experiences which are “obvious” to us but instead they should be done in the context of hierarchy of values as it is presented in the analyzed text.
Dlaczego kobiety nie mają swojej historii? „Wspomnienia” Aleksandry Piłsudskiej i ich rola w budowaniu legendy Józefa Piłsudskiego
Authors: Sikorska-Kowalska Marta
Published: March 2020

Why women do not have their history? Memories of Aleksandra Piłsudska and their role in development of a legend of Józef PiłsudskiA research on women biographical sources belongs to the wide cultural context, and is aiming at collecting and recording of the history and social memory of women. It is not a simple collecting of women’s figures but shows their picture in several contexts, including national, political, social history as well as history of everyday life.Memoirs of Aleksandra Piłsudska are first of all a record of life of Józef Piłsudski and a pres­entation of his ideas. They show a woman hidden behind a biography of her husband, describing with respect his achievements and sharing his beliefs. She appears as a modest woman, discrete in describing family life and husband’s betrayals, maternity matters. At the same time she is looking for equality, partnership and friendship with Józef Piłsudski.In Memoirs we can also find fragments of a great history of women. Histories of revolution of 1905 and the First World War are very important for political, social and military activity of women.
Wszechstronność upodobań kulinarnych. O dystynktywnych i komunikacyjnych właściwościach jedzenia
Authors: Cebula Michał
Published: March 2020

Variety of culinary tastes: On distinctive and communicative facets of eating  The bulk of the contemporary debate in cultural stratification research refers to the concept of omnivorousness. According to it, the stratification of tastes in modern societies resembles an invert­ed pyramid separating higher social classes with broad tastes cutting across the fine and popular genres at the top from lower social classes with narrow tastes at the bottom. The aim of the article is to shed light on this phenomenon by inferring the social and symbolic significance of the variety of food experience. The omnivorousness presents people with opportunities for demonstrating com­municative competence and for staking claims to social exclusivity. Based on a large survey into the exposure to a variety of foods, spices and ingredients, this article shows that omnivorosusness is a function of socio-economic position, although the relationship gets stronger as specific items are considered. Furthermore, the culinary repertoire depends on personal network characteristics such as size, diversity, access to resources and type of social relation. The celebration of variety makes it possible to operate in the postmodern world of diverse commodities and styles and to communicate with people of different cultural profiles.
Wartości na sprzedaż. Budowanie wizerunku marki w mediach społecznościowych
Authors: Mandes Sławomir , Strzyczkowski Konstanty
Published: March 2020

Values for sale: Building the brand image in social media  The aim of our article is to analyze the mechanisms of value creation on the example of the brand promoted by Ewa Chodakowska, a popular fitness trainer, the owner of a company selling products and services related to physical activity. At the beginning, we describe the recent changes in marketing theory, with special emphasis on the concept of marketing 3.0. In the second part of the article, we analyze the material collected on Ewa Chodakowska’s Facebook page and recon­struct the language and symbolic mechanisms of linking brand activity to a specific value system. As a result, we show the process of objectivation of abstract content values under the supervision of Ewa Chodakowska’s brand.
Atrakcyjność hoteli w percepcji nabywców usług turystycznych na przykładzie Turcji
Authors: Dojwa-Turczyńska Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

The attractiveness of hotels in the perception of buyers of tourist services: The example of Turkey The emergence of leisure time, as well as transformational changes taking place in Poland, meant that Polish tourists could start travelling to other countries for tourism. This article attempts to answer questions about what constitutes a high standard for visitors leaving, which is associated with their disappointment with the purchased offer. These issues were related to the country which for years was eagerly visited by tourists from Poland, and in 2018 returned to the top of the ranking of preferred destinations — Turkey. Research based on secondary data analysis has allowed the author to look at issues that have an impact on the tourist attractiveness of a given country, but first and foremost, it has made it possible to decode factors that are important to travelers and which are less important during a leisure stay.
Osoby nieheteroseksualne jako konsumenci
Authors: Wrona Mateusz
Published: March 2020

Non-heterosexual people as consumers  The article presents a description of non-heterosexual customers. The author took into consideration aspects of sexuality emerging from the creation of new social groups according to a gay-friendly strategy. The main goal was to show how sexual identity influences customer behaviors. Social ex­clusion of non-heterosexual people was mentioned as the main cause of the creation of gay or les­bian social groups. The article also presents correct and incorrect examples of the implementation of gay-friendly strategy.
Literatura y política. Notas sobre la recepción de las traducciones de la poesía hispano-americana en Polonia en la segunda mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Gaszyńska-Magiera Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Literature and politics. Notes on the reception of translations of Hispano-American poetry in Poland in the second half of the 20th centuryThe main objective of the article is to describe the main trends in the reception of the Hispano-American poetry in Poland in the second half of the 20th century. The analysis carried out on the basis of the bibliographical data demonstrated that political factors were more important than artistic ones when the decisions concerning the choice of works to be published were made. Therefore, the most well-known Hispano-American poet in Poland was Pablo Neruda, presented to the Polish reading public as a communist activist who used his poems as a weapon in the struggle for a better future. For the same reason the Cuban post-revolutionary poetry became popular in Poland. In general, Hispano-American poetry did not arouse much interest of critics nor readers.
Análisis crítico del discurso político en la interpretación simultánea en el Parlamento
Authors: Okoniewska Alicja
Published: March 2020

Interpreter as participant. Critical Political Discourse Analysis in multilingual simultaneous interpretationThis paper examines a participative approach of a simultaneous interpreter in the Critical Analysis of Political Discourse. It describes two examples of Polish and Spanish MEPs’ interventions about tobacco production in the EU in a debate that took place during a meeting of the Committee of Agriculture and Rural Development in the European Parliament. The analysis of the discourse indicates the mechanism of identification of discursive categories possible in both languages, which can be crucial for an interpreter in transmitting the contextualised message into another language. These categories can be a tool to improve interpreting of different contextual characteristics in the multicultural and multilingual political debate.
Entre “la promesa de felicidad” y la melancolía del emigrante: Xohana Torres y Eva Moreda
Authors: Moszczyńska-Dürst Katarzyna , Garrido González Ana
Published: March 2020

Between “the promise of happiness” and emigrant’smelancholy: Xohana Torres and Eva MoredaThe aim of the present paper is to compare two novels of Galician female writers, Xohana Torres’ Adiós María 1971 and Eva Moreda’s A Veiga é como un tempo distinto 2012. Both nov­els describe the phenomenon of Galician migration to Europe in the 1960s and 1970s, seen from the female point of view. The migratory experience is contrasted — in Adiós María the protagonist stays at home while her parents go to France, and in Eva Moreda’s book Elisa goes to London her­self — but its fundamental to the construction of identity of both women, who are moving between their expectations of better life “the promise of happiness” and the inevitable, although often silenced, feeling of loss that demands time and space for mourning and grief.
As voces dos recordos: memoria oral, pasado traumático e novela na Galiza actual
Authors: Rivadulla Costa Diego
Published: March 2020

Voices of memories: Oral memory, traumatic past and the novel in contemporary GaliciaThe fictionalisation of the Spanish Civil War and Francoism in the Galician novel has experienced a significant evolution from a thematic and formal point of view. This evolution has been greatly influenced by the memory boom since the beginning of the 21st century, both in Galicia and the rest of Spain. Therefore, exploring the contemporary Galician narrative corpus requires an interdisciplinary approach to address not only the literary representations of history and memory, but also the functions acquired by those narratives in connection with the context as well as the cultural memory of the Galician people. This paper focuses on the relationship between memory and orality in some of these texts in order to analyse how oral memory emerges in the novel as a form of persistence of the past in current times. This oral memory becomes a key element in many of these narratives and faces a deliberate collective amnesia and the reluctance to remember, acting as a space for resistance that connects the past and present in the texts.
Diseño de un Legendario Literario Hispánico del siglo XIX accesible online
Authors: Vega Rodríguez Pilar , Mainer Blanco Belén
Published: March 2020

Design of an online 19th-century Hispanic literary legends collectionThe project develops an online collection of Hispanic literary legends of the 19th century. The main objective is to provide researchers and companies dedicated to cultural tourism and any potential users with suitable material for the resignification of geographical areas. They may be used to widen perspectives with new literary and artistic creations for research from different fields studies on tradition, identities, national literary geographies. For that, we focus on the study of literary legends from specific documentation: travel guides, gazetteers, and short tales published by 19th-century journalists.
A propósito de la recepción americana de la tradición europea: Ezequiel Martínez Estrada y Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Rosales Rodríguez Amán
Published: March 2020

On the American reception of the European tradition: Ezequiel Martínez Estrada and Jorge Luis BorgesThe aim of this paper is to confront the opinions of Ezequiel Martínez Estrada and Jorge Luis Borges, the two most significant Argentinian essayists of the 20th century, concerning American reception of the European cultural tradition. Both the convergences and the divergences between them are underlined. Although Martínez Estrada and Borges converge in criticism of their writings, fictional and non-fictional, a narrow nationalistic view of culture and literature — defending a more cosmopolitan stance — at the same time they diverge strongly about the more specific role that literature should play in modern Argentina and Latin-American societies. The comparison between these two writers also teaches us about some of the ways in which intellectual life has been conducted in the Latin-American cultural context over the years.
Correr la lengua: el fenómeno de la Korrika
Authors: Kotenko Valentyna
Published: March 2020

To run the language: The phenomenon of KorrikaThe article deals with the peculiarities of the phenomenon of modern Spanish sports discourse, which is studied as an entity clearly defined by sociocultural peculiarities. Particularly, it highlights the modern Basque linguistic situation and its minority language position. We describe Korrika, which is a race organised in the Basque Country with the objective of promoting awareness in favour of the Basque language and raising funds to support it. This study shows the connection between language and sports as social phenomena. The article describes the topics and significance of Korrika, the methods of its physical realisation in space, and its main themes. We also give examples of the slogans of different editions, mention the participants’ profile and highlight its multidimensional nature in terms of traditional Basque cultural events taking place during the days
Ocena wybranych platform do e-Learningu pod względem dostępności dla osób z niepełnosprawnościami i zgodności z zasadami projektowania uniwersalnego
Authors: Królak Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

Accessibility and Universal Design Rules Implementation in Selected e-Learning PlatformsPopularity of using learning management systems LMS is increasing all over the world. The main function of such tools is to facilitate teaching and learning and enable distance education. It is therefore very important to adjust the e-learning platforms to the needs of students and teachers with disabilities. In this paper the rules of universal design for ICT are presented and World Wide Web Consortium W3C recommendations for designing web content are discussed. Five e-learning platforms were tested if they fulfill the requirements of abovementioned regulations: WIKAMP, Moodle, Sakai, Fronter and ItsLearning. The results of this analysis are presented and discussed.
Koszykówka na wózkach na przełomie wieków
Authors: Jędrzejewski Wit , Stuła Aleksander , Komarnicka-Jędrzejewska Olga
Published: March 2020

Wheelchair basketball at the turn of the centuryWheelchair basketball was the first discipline, which was used in the rehabilitation process.Most hospitals and rehabilitation very quickly introduce this discipline. At the beginning was this game mainly for people with spinal cord injury designed. However, thanks to its attractiveness and modifications has become the most recognizable and most popular discipline of sport for the disabled. Evolution of wheelchair basketball began after popularizing it in the United States and still continues bringing together a huge number of players, coaches and officials. It is the only sports discipline fully professionalised.Wheelchair basketball players are professionals, and the final tournaments of the Olympic Games, World and European Championships, as well as the finals of the Champions League is watched by crowds of supporters.An example may be a match during the Paralympic Games in Sydney 2000, where the average number of viewers was 17.5 thousand. Currently, the European Wheelchair basketball Federation brings together more than 80 countries and this number is constantly growing.The article shows the dynamic growth of interest in wheelchair basketball last years. The development of this sport in Poland and abroad is growing, as well as a number of interested her disabledThe authors analyzed the collected material in the form Polish and foreign literature.
Pracownicze programy emerytalne w Polsce
Authors: Dybał Mariusz
Published: March 2020

Occupational Pension Schemes in PolandThe aging of society, the financial and economic crisis and low interest rates have astrong impact on mature pension systems. This leads to fiscal difficulties in pay-as-you-go public systems. As aresult, there is aconflict between income adequacy and financial stability of pension systems. In order to reconcile the adequacy with stability, many countries reform pension systems in areas such as system structure, pension contributions, eligibility criteria, funding methods, management meth­ods, pension benefits, taxation. There is also aquestion of how to obtain additional funding sources for retirement. It seems that one of the instruments to obtain additional financial resources in old age may be participation in Occupational Pension Schemes PPE, which in Poland offered their services in 1999 on the basis of the Act of 22 August 1997 on Occupational Pension Plans. Thus, the research objective of the work, which is the analysis of PPE in Poland in the years 1999–2016, is revealed.
Dylematy zdrowotne Polaków
Authors: Biernacki Marek
Published: March 2020

Health dilemmas of PolesGood health ensures comfort, so it is a good thing that directly affects the well-being and quality of life of the people and society as a whole, and gives you the opportunity to work, which is a direct factor of the both individual and society permanent welfare. The aim of the article is to identify the “health dilemmas” existing in Poland from the point of view of the citizen person and state authority. In support of these theses, the results of questionnaires on important factors of life of Poles Social Diagnosis, CBOS, data describing the state of health, factors influencing the health of Poles GUS, WHO and public healthcare expenditures in international comparison were analyzed.
Występowanie pałeczek Legionella sp. w instalacjach ciepłej wody użytkowej w obiektach hotelarskich na terenie województwa świętokrzyskiego
Authors: Szczepanek Andrzej
Published: March 2020

Legionella sp. contamination in hot water systems in hotels in the ŚwiętokrzyskieVoivodshipIntroduction: In the European Union countries there were detected 6933 cases of legionellosis Legionnaires’ disease in 2014. The disease is caused by Legionella sp. bacteria, which are responsible for Legionella sp. pneumonia infection and common in both natural and artificial water environments. If there is proper temperature and nutrients, the bacteria multiply rapidly in artificial environments hot water systems, central air conditioning systems, and medical devices, posing a risk to human health.Aims: This study was conducted to quantify the frequency of contamination with Legionella sp. of hot water systems in some hotels in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship.Materials and methods: 228 buildings 103 hotels and 125 other types of lodging were investigated in the years 2009–2015, 1414 samples were collected which were later analyzed by membrane filtration technique in the laboratories of the State Sanitary Inspection in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, conforming to the methods of PN-ISO 11731-2:2008.Results: Legionella sp. was detected in 30.3% of the hot water systems investigated. The problem of bacteria colonization was more frequent in the hotel buildings 41.2% that in other types of lodging 20.8%. In 34 hotels and 20 other buildings the level of contamination was medium Legionella sp. 100–1000 CFU/100 ml sample, and in 9 hotel and 6 other buildings the contamination was high Legionella sp. 1000–10000 CFU/100 ml sample. In general out of 1414 collected samples, medium and high contamination with Legionella sp. was detected in 272 samples 19.2%.Conclusions: The results obtained in the study confirm an overall presence of Legionella sp. in hot water systems of hotels and other lodgings in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Having analyzed the data from the years 2009–2015, there may be observed a slight decline in the frequency of contamination in the recent years. Nonetheless, it is alarming that despite a periodic control system at some of the locations, the level of contamination is still signifi cant.
Health-resort complex development as a part of preventive medicine in the context of providing well-being
Authors: Nestorenko Tetyana , Tokarenko Olena , Nestorenko Oleksandr
Published: March 2020

Health-resort complex development as a part of preventive medicine in the context of providing well-beingThe present paper analyses current state of health-resort industry in Ukraine. We define possibilities for its improvement according to the foreign experience. Subject of the paper consists in setting of organizational, economic, administrative mechanisms to ensure the functioning and development of health-resort complexes. In the paper special attention is paid to the functional structure of governing health-resort organizations, structure of a resort spa complex, and scheme of a consumer proceeding during the consumption of resort spa medical service while staying at Ukrainian health resort. Some significant aspects of international experience of organizing medical spa industry are observed. The research allows to formulate recommendations aimed to enhance further innovative development of health tourism as a ground for providing well-being of people.
Wspólnoty intencjonalne jako przykład alternatywnego stylu życia
Authors: Ambroziński Dariusz
Published: March 2020

Intentional communities as an example of an alternative lifestyleContemporary society is living in times of signifi cant cultural changes, which is a consequence of technological development, globalization and social awareness. Distributed by mass media and producers consumerist lifestyle are no longer attractive to society. The result is an attempt to find an alternative. The gradual transformation of value systems often leads to choices that correspond to the concept of sustainable development. Society community, cultural spiritual and ecological integration is realized by intentional communities. The most popular types of such housing community are ecovillages, and cohousings. Choosing the location and form of residence is a decision that affects the quality and style of life. Rebuilding your own lifestyle in line with the idea of sustainable development is a very difficult transition. The easiest way for society is submission to consumerism. This means that an in-depth analysis of own needs is required and often resignation of the desires, comforts and other amenities that are preferred over the common good. The importance of the problem is emphasized by the increasing demands of society that sustainable development is not a choice and a necessity leading to an improvement in the quality of life of present and future generations. The article attempts to present a new approach to sustainable development as an alternative to the consumerist lifestyle, in addition to identifying the types of intentional communities and assessing their development prospects.
Umowy dotyczące hipotecznych kredytów „walutowych” tak zwanych frankowych w „istotnych poglądach w sprawie” wydawanych przez Prezesa UOKiK
Authors: Rajchemba Zygmunt
Published: March 2020

Agreements regarding mortgage loans CHF loans in “significant views in the matter” issued by the President of UOKiK the Office of Competition and Consumer ProtectionThe article discusses the institution of the “significant view in the matter” issued by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection in cases pending before common courts in the field of competition and consumer protection introduced in April 2016 to the Act on Competition and Consumer Protection Article 31d of the Act. The first part of the article describes the nature of issued views and the premises enabling their issuance by the President of UOKiK. The second part of the article focuses on the views expressed by the President of UOKiK on cases pending before common courts regarding foreign currency loans CHF loans together with the main elements of justification and conclusions, proposals of adjudicating the case by the court. The study refers to important views on the issue of currency loans CHF issued by the President of UOKiK, published on the website of the office: www.uokik.gov.pl.