bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food impaction related with trauma from occlusion
Authors: Cho Lee-Ra
Published: August 2024

Food impaction between the implant prostheses and adjacent teeth is the most frequently observed problem. It may be caused by the migration of the adjacent teeth. This symptom may be observed at the mesial aspect of implant prostheses especially, and related with the multiple contributing factors including teeth vitality and antagonist. Idal proximal contact with optimal strength and shape should be made for preventing the food impaction. Shape of customized abutment and prosthesis should have optimal emergence profile. Long duration from the extraction to the delivery of implant prostheses, the adjacent teeth and antagonist teeth may have possibility of occlusal interferences. Remained teeth mobility can induce the food impaction regardless of interproximal contact strength. Occlusal adjustment to remove occlusal interferences can be a method for enhancing the stability of interproximal contact.
Hospital oral and maxillofacial nursing care in Jeju province
Authors: Kim Sung-Joon , Kim Se-Il , Song Hyo-Jeong , Kahm Se-Hoon , Lee Byoung-Jin
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The objective of this work was to investigate the hospital nursing care of oral and maxillofacial health in jeju province. Methods: 438 Registered nurses(RN) who were working at each of secondary hospitals in Jeju province had responded to the questionnaire. The data were analyzed via frequency analyses and one-way ANOVA to assess the state of RN on hospital nursing care of oral and maxillofacial health. Results: The class of education on density in formal density that marked '0 hour' and '1-3 hours' were 73.5% and 19.9%, respectively. The class of refresher training on density that marked '0 hours' and '1-3 hours' were 92.9% and 6.6%, aggregately 99.5%. The nursing education on appearance after tumor of maxillofacial area that marked 'formal education' and 'none' were 45.2% and 52.1%, respectively. The score of question 'function, effect and side effect of hexamedin gaggle' was 2.68pm0.95 by Likert 5-point scale. Likewise, the scores were 2.82pm0.88 on question 'management of removal denture', 2.83pm0.95 on question 'preventive dental treatment before anticancer therapy', 2.88pm0.86 on question 'function of saliva', 2.96pm0.99 on question 'oral management of tube feeding patient', 3.13pm1.00 on question 'bacterial endocarditis from oral microflora', 3.36pm0.89 on question 'dysphagia' and 3.62pm1.03 on question 'aspiration pneumonia'. RN replied that 'lack of knowledge' and 'delay of cooperation' formed 53.7% and 33.3% respectively, on question 'problem in dental consultation other diseased patient'. Conclusions: From this study, it is necessary for RN and student of nursing science to be educated on the oral and maxillofacial nursing. Authors suggest further co-study and nation-wide research.
A study on the amendments of long-term care-related legislations for the introduction of part-time facility dentists
Authors: So Jong-Seob
Published: August 2024

The coverage of the National Health Insurance for the elderly is expanding to denture and implants. Although the National Long-Term Care Insurance was just being settled, Oral health service was not provided to the Elderly in Long-Term Care Facilities. The long-term care facilities had part-time facility doctors. However, there is no dentist in the long-term care facility because of lack of long-term care insurance-related legislations. The amendments of long-term care insurance-related legislations for the introduction of part-time facility dentists are needed because the elderly in long-term care facility are vulnerable to oral health. For the substantial management of the National Long-Term Care Insurance, the development of oral health service model for the elderly and education materials for the dental team will be needed. Also, adequate dental service fee of the National longterm care insurance will be needed.
A study on the North Korea°Øs clinical dentistry system and research tendency of dentistry
Authors: Kim Seong-Hwan , Kim Min-Gyun , Myoung Hoon , Kim Jong-Chul
Published: August 2024

The clinical dentistry system and research tendency of dentistry in North Korea has a difference with South Korea. In North Korea, preventive dentistry has been developed, and government of North Korea clame a free medical service to all the people. And there are tendency that Korean medicine(Oriental medicine) is applied to clinical dentistry in North Korea. Research tendency of dentistry in North Korea have a difference from South Korea. Articles of dentistry in North Korea have some freatures. Terminology of dentistry is writtened in original Korean developed uniquely in North Korea. Recent articles of dentistry in North Korea have a reference from english articles, and it is different that reference articles in the past were from Chinese or Russian articles. In order to get ready for the United Korea, we need to know the feature of dentistry in North Korea, and increase an academic exchange between South and North Korea.
LASER application A to Z in general dental practice
Authors: Jang Sung-Yong
Published: August 2024

LASER application has many advantages in the field of dentistry, however, it is not easy to apply dental LASER in general practice. Various LASER systems are in the market and it is little bit confused which LASER systems are useful. Most of all, it is important to select the appropriate LASER system to their own usage. In the present article, I introduce several LASER system such as CO_2, Diode, Nd:YAG, Er:YG, Er,Cr:YSGG, and its application according to specific disease criteria.
Clinical Characteristics of Odontoma in Children : A Retrospective Analysis of 105 Cases
Authors: Kim Hyo-jin , Kim So-hyun , Kim Hyun-jung , Kim Young-jin , Nam Soon-hyeun
Published: August 2024

We investigate the clinical characteristics of odontoma in childhood and adolescence. A retrospective analysis was performed in 105 patients under 15 years old who were diagnosed with odontoma in Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital, the department of pediatric dentistry between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2013. The ratio of compound odontoma, immature odontoma and complex odontoma were 67.6%, 21.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Odontoma was more prevalent in males and the ratio of males to females was 1.5:1. The age of patients ranged from 3 to 14 years old with an average age of 9.3 years old. The odontoma was more frequently located in the maxilla (73.3%) than in the mandible(26.7%). In 98 cases, it was treated by surgical removal. Among adjacent teeth impacted by odontoma, 26 cases (34.7%) of successional permanent teeth were erupted when only odontoma were removed and 6 cases (8.0%) were erupted when surgical exposure was performed. Orthodontic tractions were performed in 43 cases (57.3%). In conclusion, odontoma could cause complications such as impaction of teeth. If they are found early and treated properly, high eruption success of successional permanent teeth can be obtained. The occurrence frequency of immature odontoma are higher than that of complex odontoma, and they are observed intensively in anterior maxillary teeth. Therefore, it is considered that they are important causes of dental impaction in anterior maxillary teeth.
Dental accidents and malpractice disputes survey
Authors: Park Seon Gyu , Kim Sun-Mi , Shin Ho Sung
Published: August 2024

The dental accidents and disputes among Korean dentists have been on the increase with time. The main purpose of this study is to figure out the actual status of the dental accidents and malpractice disputes based on a questionnaire survey. The findings showed that 64.8% of respondents had been experienced the dental accidents, and 52.9% of respondents had been locked into the disputes. Within 5 years from the start of dental practice, the nearly half of the dentists responded the experience of the dental accidents and disputes. The amount of compensation for dental accidents and disputes wereindentalimplant, prosthodontics, and oral surgery treatments in descending order. The highest incident type was wrong process/treatment/procedure problem in clinical process/procedure.
Luting between Resin Cement and Dental Prosthetic Materials
Authors: Kim Kwang-Mahn
Published: August 2024

Cementation is the last procedure and an important factor to access successful fixed prosthodontic treatment. Even though there are many kinds of luting materials in dental field, the resin cements are popularly used in now. Metals, polymers and ceramics are used as a material of fixed dental prosthesis. The bonding mechanisms between teeth and fixed restorations are composed of mechanical and chemical mechanism. In dentistry, we are relying on mechanical bonding, but we tried to get chemical bonding and many ways are introduced. So, we have to approach luting procedure differently by the materials of prosthesis for clinical success. In this article, let us think the proper cementation ways according to each prosthesis material.
The diagnosis of sleep related breathing disorders and polysomnography
Authors: Park Ji Woon
Published: August 2024

Sleep related breathing disorders(SRBDs) are a group of diseases accompanied by difficulties in respiration and ventilation during sleep. Central sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea(OSA), sleep-related hypoventilation, and hypoxemia disorder are included in this disease entity. OSA is known to be the most common SRBDs and studies show its significant correlation with general health problems including hypertension, arrhythmia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. The diagnostic process of OSA is composed of physical examinations of the head and neck area and also the oral cavity. Radiologic studies including cephalography, CT, MRI, and fluoroscopy assist in identifying the site of obstruction. However, polysomnography(PSG) is still considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of OSA since it offers both qualitative and quantitative recording of the events during a whole night's sleep. The dentist who is trained in sleep medicine can easily identify patients with the risk of OSA starting from simple questions and screening questionnaires. Diagnosis is the first step to treatment and considering the high rate of under-diagnosis for OSA the dentist may play a substantial role in the diagnosis and treatment of OSA which will eventually lead to the well-being of the patient as a whole person. So the objective of this article is to assist dental professionals in gaining knowledge and insight of the diagnostic measures for OSA including PSG.
Treatment of Snoring and Obstructive Apnea with Oral Appliance
Authors: Tae Il Ho
Published: August 2024

Recently, oral appliances for treating snoring and obstructive sleep apnea are widely used. Among various appliances, mandibular advancement devices are most effective without serious side effects. Advancement of mandible keep airway open and decrease snoring and/or obstructive apnea events. They can be used as stand-alone therapy or an adjunct to continuous positive air pressure for lowering air pressure. Oral appliances should be applied by dentists who have knowledges and experiences on occlusion and temporomandibular disorders and manage of side effects.
Analysis of the statistical validity of clinical effectiveness data of a systemic titrated extract of Zea Mays L. unsaponifiable fraction chemotherapeutic agent (Insadol)
Authors: Choi Yong-Geun , Eckert Steven E , Lee Jeong-Yol , Shin Sang-Wan
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study intended to analyze the validity of clinical effectiveness data of clinical trials testing systemic titrated extract of Zea Mays L. unsaponifiable fraction chemotherapeutic agent. Material and Methods: Among 5 clinical trials claimed as proof of clinical effectiveness on the Web site of the manufacturer of this chemotherapeutic agent, a review of 4 clinical trials, written in either Korean or English, was conducted. Data were extracted from studies for the following variables: year of publication, age, sample size, follow-up period, combination with contemporary periodontal treatments, randomization, randomization check, blinded measurement, and statistical test type. Results: The study subjects' age intervals were too diverse to decide a common target population to generalize the findings. No study stated clearly the rationale for the sample size determination. Follow-up period to observe the start of clinical effectiveness was inconsistent and decided without any rationale of pathophysiological latent period. Randomization to make the comparisons on the same start line was performed but failed in a study. Randomization effect was not checked in 4 studies. Performance of blinded measurement of clinical outcomes to prevent bias was unclear in 2 studies. Type of statistical test was inappropriate in 3 studies. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the validity of data on clinical and demographic variables, the four available clinical trials have not demonstrated compelling evidence of therapeutic effectiveness of systemic titrated extract of Zea Mays L. unsaponifiable fraction chemotherapeutic agent to improve prognosis of periodontal disease either with the contemporary periodontal treatment or without it.
Delayed intentional replantation: new approach for periodontal regeneration and establishment of theoretical background
Authors: Kim You-Kyoung , Kim Dong-Ju , Lee Eun-Ung , Lim Hyun-Chang , Lee Jung-Seok , Jung Ui-Won , Yun Jeong-Ho , Kim Eui-Seong , Lee Seong-Jong , Choi Seong-Ho
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Delayed intentional replantation was introduced as a new alternative to treat the teeth with severe periodontal involvement. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the possibility of delayed intentional replantation and establish theoretical backgrounds. Materials and Methods: Studies were performed into the following two subjects; (1)Clinical evaluation of patients who underwent delayed intentional replantation using clinical and radiographic data. Severe periodontitis involved teeth were carefully extracted and proper time for delayed replantation was evaluated by analyzing inflammation markers (IL-6, TNF-alpha). (2) Theoretical studies for efficacy of delayed intentional replantation using (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for preservation of periodontal ligament cells on root surface by minimizing inflammation and treatment of inflammatory extraction sockets. Results: Meaningful success ratio and survival rate were found in delayed intentional replantation showing reduced bone loss and maintained bone level. Additionally, viability of EGCG applied periodontal ligament cells was much higher than control group. Also, EGCG promoted healing of inflammatory extraction sockets by inhibiting inflammatory cell proliferation. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, 1-2 weeks after extraction is an appropriate time to do delayed intentional replantation. Also, EGCG provides helpful effects on viability of periodontal ligament cells and periodontium.
Basic Life Support for Cardiac Arrest during Dental Treatment
Authors: Seo Kwang-Suk
Published: August 2024

Cardiac arrest can occur in dental clinics. All dental professionals should be trained to deal with emergency situations that is threatening life. Dental professionals should be familiar with the protocol which include basic life support, advanced life support and specific drugs to be administered in emergencies. Emergency can occur in any dental office without any warnings. Further, it has been noted in recent times there is an increase in a number of medico-legal cases due to rise in a number of death in the dental chair. This review article aims at briefing the basic life support required to manage the medical emergency having life-threatening potential.
How to preserve teeth after dental trauma
Authors: Kim Su-Gwan
Published: August 2024

Maxillofacial trauma with dental trauma tends to be increasing as development of civilization. Proper dental first aid is easy method to prevent further posiible complication. So we will describe on a simple dental treatment for traumatic teeth in this paper.
Diagnosis of Esthetic treament
Authors: Paek Jang Hyun
Published: August 2024

To improve esthetics and gain beautiful smile, the maxillary anterior dentition is crucial. Through alteration of height, arrangement or color of the maxillary incisor, we can rehabilitate the esthetic smile. The perception of dental esthetics is highly subjective. Personal perceptions or judgement of dental esthetics is highly related with each individual's experience and social and cultural environment. However, there have been many efforts to establish the criteria for generally accepted esthetic norm, in order to increase the predictability of restorative treatment. For maxillary anterior restoration, not only a single tooth, but also the compositions around tooth such as facial form, lips and gum and their relationships have to be considered to create harmonious smile. It can be determined as esthetic restorations when in consonance with facial form and structures that frame the restorations. In this review article, several guidelines that are generally accepted and useful to assess the esthetics and communicate with patients and technicians will be discussed.
Closure of chronic oroantral fistula with repair of the Schneiderian membrane : Report of three cases
Authors: Jung Hee-Seop , Lee Cha-Ki , Kim Yong-Soo , Leem Dae-Ho
Published: August 2024

An oro-antral fistula(OAF) is one of the most common complications after procedures at the maxillary posterior area. The purpose of this study was to introduce the closure of OAF with repair of the Schneiderian membrane. This case report includes three patients with OAF arising after dental surgery on molar region of maxilla. Under general anesthesia, fistulectomy was achieved in all three patients and the full thickness flap around OAF was raised. After removal of inflammatory tissue, the Schneiderian membrane was repaired with suture or application of fibrin sealant. Additional closures were then performed with a buccal fat pad flap and a buccal mucoperiosteal flap. All OAF in three patients enrolled in this study were closed successively without recurrence of fistula. Treatment of oroantral fistula using repair of the Schneiderian membrane is a good alternative option for patients with OAF accompanied by chronic maxillary sinusitis.
Prognosis of Maxillary Sinus Augmentation in the Presence of Antral Pseudocyst: Case Reports
Authors: Mah Deuk-Hyun , Kim Su-Gwan , Oh Ji-Su , You Jae-Seek , Kim Won-Gi , Yang Jung-Eun , Lim Hyoung-Sup
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Antral pseudocyst is a common benign lesion that exists in the maxillary sinus. Because of this possible complication, controversy remains with respect to sinus floor elevation operations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antral pseudocyst related to maxillary sinus augmentation. Patients and Methods: The radiographs of 268 patients who visited Chosun University Dental Hospital from 2008 to 2010 and underwent the maxillary bone grafting procedure were examined. Results: Of the 268 patients who underwent the maxillary bone grafting procedure, 5 patients (1.86%) were diagnosed with antral pseudocysts. In all cases, maxillary sinus floor elevation was performed without aspiration, biopsy or extraction of the antral pseudocyst. Conclusion: Antral pseudocysts are not considered a contraindication for maxillary sinus bone grafting procedure.
Statistical methods for accessing agreement between repeated measurements in dental research
Authors: Kim Ki-Yeol
Published: August 2024

The comparison of the repeated measurements is often needed to see whether they agree sufficiently, when a measurement is repeated under identical conditions by different raters. Such investigations are often analyzed inappropriately, by using correlation coefficient. The purpose of this study is to introduce statistical methods for accessing the agreement of the repeated measurements, which include Bland-Altman plot, intra class correlation, Passing-Bablok regression and Cohen's kappa coefficient, and to show how to execute them using examples.
The Study on the qualitative research paper and essay done in dental history class.
Authors: Lee Jue Yeon
Published: August 2024

For three years, from 2014 to 2016, in dental history class, 263 3rd grade students, attending postgraduate dental school had reviewed current problems of the dentistry and dental care system by adopting historical thinking, in forms of essays, editorials, and papers, The purpose of this study is to know whether writing has educational benefits on students. Analysis of the writings and Student course evaluation showed that it is beneficial. All of the students agreed on submitting a qualitative study project instead of taking midterms on 2016. The approval ratio has increased over the years, on 2014 being 82%, on 2015 being 98%, on 2016 being 100%. For that reason, it is not an assertion to deduce that the students have experienced benefits while developing their genuine thoughts on the current status or problems, exploring what their role is, and what they will face. The chronological thinking had been used throughout the researches to identify what Dentistry and Dentist is. Dentistry have encompassed knowledges of natural sciences, humanities and other fields when needed to perfect itself. In doing so, Dentist achieved independence from doctor or other cooperatives. Research on Korean Dental care system has involved in historical thinking, including historical analysis, inquisition, and historical imagination, insight. etc. If the in-depth evaluation consisting of history and writing is sustained, it would be very effective teaching method.
External vs internal connection implant system
Authors: Seong Dong-Jae , Hong Seoung-Jin , Ha Seung-Ryong
Published: August 2024

The osseointegration of titanium implants has been examined over the past 50 years. Many implant systems have been introduced and have become popular to the implant dentistry. The designs of the connection between implant fixture and abutment are divided into external vs internal connection. From beginning, the Braanemark system was characterized by an external hexagon. Internal connection has been developed to reduce stress transferred to the bone. These differences may have impact on the clinical procedures and protocols, laboratory and components costs, and incidence of complications. Therefore, the clinician has to know the different biomechanical features and understand their implications to produce successful implant-supported prosthesis with an external or an internal connection system.
Free gingival graft in combination with apically positioned flap for establishment of keratinized gingiva around the implants: Report of two cases
Authors: Baek Won-Sun , Cha Jae Kook , Lee Jae-Hong , Lee Jung-Seok , Jung Ui-Won
Published: August 2024

Narrow zone of attached gingiva and shallow vestibule around the implants might contribute to difficulty of cleasing, periimplant mucositis caused by incomplete cleansing and further peri-implantitis. The aim of this case report is to present modification of soft tissue biotype around the implants by free gingival grafts according to timing of surgical intervention and shape of free gingiva. A 44 year-old male patient had a missing area on lower right second molar area with 1 to 2 mm of narrow attached gingiva zone and wanted to be treated by implant placement. In radiographic analysis, there was enough alveolar bone to install an implant, free gingiva from hard palate was grafted following implant placement using double layer flap. The width of attached gingival was increased to 4 to 5mm and well maintained during 5 months of follow up. A 69 year-old female patient also had a missing area on lower right first and second molar area with 1 to 2 mm narrow attached gingiva. Since she had systematically angina pectoris and dental phobia, minimal invasive free gingival graft after implants placement was planned. After 2 months of implant surgery, free gingival graft surgery was performed with healing abutments connection. The grafted gingiva was composed of two strip shaped free gingiva, and they were immobilized by periodontal pack. The width of attached gingival was increased to 4 to 5mm and well maintained during 10 months of follow up. With prosthesis delivery, the patients recovered ideal periodontal environment around implants and masticatory function. In conclusion, periodontal health and masticatory function could be achieved through implant placement and free gingival graft.
Treatment of cemental tear associated with periapical lesion using regenerative surgery; A case report
Authors: Kang Hyo-Jin , Jung Gyu-Un , Pang Eun-Kyoung
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Cemental tear is a specific type of root surface fracture characterized by a complete separation of a cemental fragment along the cementodentinal junction or a partial split within the cementum along an incremental line. It is suggested to be a factor for periodontal or periapical tissue destruction. The aim of this study is to present a diagnosis and treatment of cemental tear associated with periapical lesion with root canal treatment and regenerative periodontal surgery. Treatments: A 60-year-old male who had a history of sports trauma on the mandibular right central incisor about 10 years ago presented with apical cemental tear. Clinical examination showed a slightly dark yellowish discoloration and sinus tract that was located on the apical labial mucosa. The mobility and percussion were also assessed on the diseased tooth and recorded as Miller°phis Class II and tenderness to percussion. The probing depth was within the normal limit (<3 mm). Radiographic examination revealed a radiolucent lesion at the apical area and extended to distal aspect of the tooth along the fragment of cemental tear. After root canal treatment, periapical surgery was performed. The bony defect was exposed and then the detached root fragment was removed. Apical root resection and retrograde filling with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) were accomplished and the bony defect was filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and covered with biodegradable collagen membrane. Results: After 9-month follow-up, healing of the mandibular right central incisor was uneventful and no swelling, purulence or pain was revealed in the associated area. Probing pocket depth was favorably stable, and the tooth mobility was decreased to the Miller's Class I. Conclusions: Apical cemental tear associated periapical lesion could be successfully treated with removal of the detached cementum in combination with apical surgery and GTR procedure.
A morphometric study on stainless steel crowns of the primary first molar using a three dimensional scanner
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Shin Teo Jeon , Kim Young-Jae , Kim Jung-Wook , Jang Ki-Taeg , Lee Sang-Hoon , Kim Chong-Chul , Hyun Hong-Keun
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the morphologic characteristics of two types of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) for the first primary molar using a 3D scanner. Study design: Two types of SSCs, KIDS CROWN (KC) and 3M ESPE ND-96 (ND), for the first primary molars were scanned using a 3D scanner. The mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters at the height of the contour and the cervical margin, occlusocervical diameters on the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual aspects were measured, and the crown shape ratio, the smooth surface crown height ratio, and the cervical convergence were calculated. Results: In the crown shape ratio of the mandibular SSC, KC was larger buccolingually compared with ND. In the smooth surface crown height ratio, ND was larger than KC in all of the maxilla and mesial, distal, and lingual aspects of the mandible. ND was more convergent to the cervical mesiodistally and buccolingually compared with KC. Conclusion: In the superimposed images of the maxillary SSC, the mesiolingual and distolingual line angles of KC were more prominent compared with ND. In the mandible, ND demonstrated higher cusps and more obvious buccal developmental lobes than KC. ND showed a larger cervical undercut than KC.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment - Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mo Jin-A
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Photodynamic therapy has been proven to promote additional clinical and microbiological benefits in the treatment of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the photodynamic therapy for patient with periodontitis. Methods: We searched the eight Korean databases and Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library. Total 300 studies were searched and 13 studies were included in the final assessment. Each of the stages from literature search and extraction of data were carried out independently by 2 researchers. We used tools of Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Networks for assessment of the quality of studies. Results: The safety of the photodynamic therapy was assessed by bleeding. The effectiveness of the photodynamic therapy was assessed by the reduction of Probing pocket depth (PPD) and the gain of Clinical attachment level (CAL). The mean difference of PPD was 0.46(95% CI 0.09~0.82), (p=.01).). The mean difference of CAL was ?0.49(95% CI ?1.12~0.14), (p=.13). Conclusion: The additional use of °inftyAntimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Periodontitis°pm caused hemorrhage to similar extents to conventional treatment modalities, where scaling and root planing are solely performed, in patients with periodontitis who are expected to have a lower degree of treatment response to non-surgical or surgical periodontal therapies (implant or refractory periodontitis) and those where there is a concern for the possible occurrence of antimicrobial side effects or resistance. This indicates that there are no problems with its safety. But there were no consistent reports about the effects of the additional use of photodynamic therapy. This led to a decision that the safety and efficacy of the current technology deserve further studies (Recommendation rating of A, Classification of technology II-a).
National Health Insurance Coverage for Dental Implant and Denture
Authors: Choi Hyeonmi
Published: August 2024

The National Health Insurance Service(NHIS) has been selectively covering the elderly on the dental implant and removable denture treatment and gradually expanding the eligibility criteria. Every dentist needs to have a good understanding of the insurance policy to provide qualified dental service to the beneficiaries and to avoid confusions and complications. In order to help dentists understand the NHIS requirements, the definitions, categories, and procedures of dental implant and conventional denture treatment are suggested.
Reattachment procedure for treatment of fractured maxillary anterior teeth: two case reports
Authors: Choi Yoorina
Published: August 2024

Crown fractures are a common type of dental injuries and very frequently occurred on maxillary anterior teeth, area of requiring a rapid aesthetic recovery. Crown fragment reattachment is a simple and conservative method to restore the fractured teeth. The technique promotes esthetic outcomes as utilizing natural contour, shade, surface texture of teeth and gives mechanical similarity in terms of wear-resistance. Also it gives emotional positive responses to patients and requires less of chair time and costs. This case report presents two cases of crown fragment reattachments on maxillrary anterior teeth, including one complicated crown fracture and one uncomplicated crown fracture. If the fragment is available in cases of crown fractures, reattachment of fragment can be regarded as a predictable alternative. However, it is all the time important that a close conversation informing the patients about the limitations and prognoses of this treatment option.
Improvement of fibrosed scar tissue elongation using self-inflatable expander
Authors: Jung Gyu-Un , Kim Jin-Woo , Pang Eun-Kyoung , Kim Sun-Jong
Published: August 2024

We evaluated a self-inflatable osmotic tissue expander for its utility in creating sufficient soft tissue elongation for primary closure after bone grafting. Six patients with alveolar defects who required vertical augmentation of >6 mm before implant placement were enrolled. All had more than three prior surgeries, and flap advancement for primary coverage was restricted by severely fibrosed scars. Expanders were inserted beneath the flap and fixed with a screw. After 4 weeks, expander removal and bone grafting were performed simultaneously. A vertical block autograft and guided bone regeneration and distraction osteogenesis were performed. Expansion was sufficient to cover the grafted area without additional periosteal incision. Complications included mucosal perforation and displacement of the expander. All augmentation procedures healed uneventfully and the osseous implants were successfully placed. The tissue expander may facilitate primary closure by increasing soft tissue volume. In our experience, this device is effective, rapid, and minimally invasive, especially in fibrous scar tissue.
Physical properties of thermoplastic material for clear aligners
Authors: Cha Jung-Yul
Published: August 2024

Recent technological advance have greatly expanded the application of invisible orthodontic treatment using clear thermoplastic materials. However, the final outcomes using clear aligner system do not achieve the level of final goal frequently, which results in case refinement, midcourse correction, or fixed orthodontic treatment. Therefore, mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials should be considered to improve the quality of outcomes. The purposes of this special article were to evaluate the force and stress depending on the materials, deflection and thickness of thermoplastic materials and to evaluate the mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials after repeated loading. Thickness and amount of deflection rather than products and materials showed the largest effect on force and stress. In all products, at least 159 gf of force was required for more than 1.0 mm deflection or when materials with 1.0 mm thickness were deflected. Orthodontic forces delivered by thermoplastic materials depend on the materials, thickness, amount of activation, and intra-oral condition. Proper thickness of thermoplastic materials and deflection level of tooth movement should be decided for the efficient and physiologic tooth movement.
Basic principles of interpretation in Dental imaging
Authors: Han Sang-Sun
Published: August 2024

Radiologic images in dentistry are essential to perform the diagnosis, treatment, and tracking process of prognosis, thus the ability of accurate evaluation in the diagnostic images is requested for dental clinician. Radiologic interpretation means recognition of a normality and an abnormality and to report the possible diagnosis and differential diagnosis list. Therefore, dental clinicians should be familiar with the basic principle of interpretation of intraoral and extraoral radiographic images primarily used in dental clinics. Recently, dental cone beam CT is widely used for diagnositc process, thus understanding the three dimensional images is requested. The objective of this manuscript is to help the dental clinicians to interpret accurately the diagnostic images by introducing the basic principles of the step by step analytic process in the appearance of a lesion.
Image interpretation errors often observed in a dental clinic
Authors: Park In-Woo
Published: August 2024

These days, the clinical course of dental imaging sector has done a lot of implant-related imaging courses, including cone beam CT. In contrast, the general image reading course is not given a lot of opportunities to learn. Therefore, it is imperative that we talk about the general image interpretation that can be read easily applied in a dental clinic. When we see a strange radiographic finding of our patient in the dental clinic, we should first check whether the radiographic finding is a normal finding or a morbidity. If the finding is diagnosed as a morbidity, you should make plans for the appropriate therapy. The most important step is classification between normal state and morbidity. Some lesions may occur without any clinical symptoms. Therefore, we should read all the parts of radiographs, even the patient does not have clinical symptoms.
The apical root canal shape according to the root canal system of premolars with single root
Authors: Park Min-Soo , Hwang Ho-Keel , Jo Hyoung-Hoon
Published: August 2024

Materials and methods: Sixty extracted premolars were assigned to three groups according to the root canal system (Weine's classification; type I, II and III) of 20 teeth each using radiographic examination. The root tip was cut horizontally 1 mm from the anatomical apex and the apical cross-section was visualized using microscope at x50 magnification and photographed. Minimum and maximum apical root canal diameter of each tooth was measured and classified into three types by canal morphology (round, oval and flattened shape). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the apical root canal diameter and morphology according to the root canal system. Results: In apical root canal morphology at cross-sectional view, the most common shape was round in type I, flat in type II, and oval in type III. In apical root canal diameters at cross-sectional view, there was a significant difference between the minimum and maximum diameter in all types (p<0.05). The maximum diameter was 0.331 mm in type I, 0.519 mm in type II, and 0.310 mm in type III. There was a significant difference among type I, III and type II (p<0.05). Conclusion: The morphology and diameter of apical root canal was different according to the root canal system. Therefore, clinicians should consider the apical file size in view of the apical root canal shape according to the root canal system.
Clinical considerations of impression making for edentulous patients
Authors: Park Chan-Jin
Published: August 2024

Regardless of the type of impression being made, the tray is the most important part of the impression-making procedure for completely edentulous patients. Dentists have to make use of a combination of rigid, thermoplastic, and resilient materials and control step-by-step procedure from irreversible hydrocolloid impression to definitive cast fabrication. For successful edentulous impression, some considerable clinical tips were guided.
Retromandibular approach for the management of subcondylar fractures, followed by treatment of parotid gland fistulae: Case report
Authors: Ro Jae-Chan , Kim Ju-Won , Yang Byoung-Eun
Published: August 2024

Condylar fractures account for one-third of all mandibular fractures. There are many surgical methods for the open reduction of condylar fractures, such as the transoral, submandibular, preauricular, and retromandibular approaches. Two patients suffering from condylar fractures, a 45-year-old man and a 25-year-old man, were admitted to our hospital. Both patients' condylar fractures were positioned too high for us to use the transoral approach. Therefore, we employed the retromandibular method to expedite the approach to the fracture site and minimize the size of the incision. After the surgical procedures in both cases, we experienced complications in the form of parotid gland fistulae, which rarely result from the retromandibular approach. A combination of botulinum toxin injection and amitriptyline medication was effective for the management of these parotid gland fistulae. Here, we report these two cases and offer a review of the literature on this article.
Clinical consideration of Immediate implant placement
Authors: Oh Sang-Yoon
Published: August 2024

Past literatures stressed that when a gap occurred between smooth surface implant and alveolar bone, osseointegration was unsatisfactory at histologic examination regardless of clinical findings. Accordingly, standard surgical approach in the early days of implant surgery was to place the implant after all gap was healed. However, Botticelli et al.(2004) reported high degree of osseointegration at the gap with SLA surface implant. From then, the era of immediate implantation has begun because SLA surface implant make gap healing possible. There are two main disadvantages of immediate implantation: (1) surgical technique is sensitive for primary implant stability, (2) Implant placement at the accurate position that predicts external change of extraction wound is required. Immediate implantation has outstanding advantages in all perspectives except for the above-mentioned disadvantages. Therefore, it would be unwise to abandon the option of immediate implantation simply due to surgical difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to describe the necessity of immediate implantation and to present scientific evidence for immediate implantation and accurate implant position by literature review.
Ultrasonography in periodontal diagnosis
Authors: Kim Dae-Yeob , Lee Jong-Bin , Pang Eun-Kyoung
Published: August 2024

Ultrasonography is one of the most common diagnostic tools in medical imaging with non-invasive and non-radiation loaded characteristics. In the field of dentistry, especially for periodontology, high frequency ultrasonic device can be used for several purposes such as evaluating gingival thickness, identifying the level of alveolar bone, measuring the volume of mucosa of donor site for soft tissue graft and so on. According to recent studies, it was demonstrated that ultrasonic diagnosis had both accuracy and repeatability comparable to conventional diagnostic tools. However, improvement and development of intra-oral probe suitable for adpatation to gingiva and palatal mucosa, are considered as prerequisites for diffusion of ultrasonic diagnosis in periodontology.
Orthodontic correction of bialveolar protrusion by interproximal reproximation and water-soluble tubes bonded with deflection-based bonding technique: A case report
Authors: Roh Yu-Yeon , Lim Sung-Hoon , Jeong Seo-Rin
Published: August 2024

Orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction is usually performed to correct bialveolar protrusion. These methods require the use of stiff rectangular working archwire which requires lengthy alignment and leveling before insertion. In this case report, interproximal reproximation was performed instead of extraction. To establish clearance between the archwire and resin domes fixing the archwire, an archwire was inserted into a water-soluble tube before fabricating resin domes. This tube is solved away by the saliva. During fabrication of resin domes, the archwire was deflected intentionally reflecting the displacement of teeth from their ideal position. This can be called as deflection-based bonding (DBB) technique. DBB is different from conventional method of positioning the brackets on its ideal position and then inserting an archwire to align the brackets. Because the orthodontic force of the archwire comes from its deflection from passive configuration, deflecting an archwire as needed can move the teeth more predictably than just bonding brackets on its ideal position. Also, areas with good alignment before orthodontic treatment can be maintained simply by not deflecting the archwire during bonding in these areas. After initial alignment, interproximal reproximation was performed to create 4.8 mm space in the maxillary arch and 4.2 mm space in the mandibular arch. These spaces were closed using orthodontic mini-implant anchorage thus retracting the maxillary incisors 4 mm posteriorly accompanied with 0.7 mm and 0.3 mm distal movement of right and left molars. By using interproximal reproximation and water-soluble tube with DBB, mild bialveolar protrusion was successfully treated without extraction.
A retrospective study of the cumulative survival rate of implants installed in combination with sinus elevation
Authors: Koo Hae-Jin , Cho Young-Dan , Ku Young
Published: August 2024

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the cumulative survival rates of the implants placed into grafted sinus and determine the effect of age, gender, smoking, and systemic disease on the implant cumulative survival rates. Materials and Methods : The retrospective study was performed on 51 implants placed in 26 patients by one dentist at the Dental Implant Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital in the years 2000-2010. The cumulative survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The differences within the factors were analyzed using log-rank test and the correlations between the factors and implant survival rates were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard model. Results : 1. Among the total of 51 implants placed in 26 patients, 7 implants failed and 44 implants remained stable. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year cumulative survival rates were 92%, 88%, and 85%, respectively. 2. Patients in their 50s and in their 70s showed statistically significant difference in the cumulative survival rates (P < 0.05). Gender and the existence of systemic disease did not show significant results. 3. In the implant treatment, smokers showed 7.5 times higher risk of implant failure than non-smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Implants installed in combination with sinus elevation can be considered as a reliable treatment method.
A study on academic integrity in dental education
Authors: Kim Hee-Kyung , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kim Sung-Hun , Baek Jeong-Hwa , Han Jung-Suk , Rhyu In-Chul
Published: August 2024

The topic of academic integrity is an important public concern that has emerged in higher education. Recent surveys at U.S. and Canadian dental schools revealed that cheating and plagiarism were significant problems in dental schools. In addition, some schools stated that cheating had increased compared to a decade ago. Various institutional rituals have been implemented to enhance the academic integrity environment of U. S. and Canadian dental schools. Furthermore, the application of honor code which is dealing with ethical issues has been reported to improve the attitudes and behaviors of students. Since there have been no reported studies regarding ethics curricula in Korean dental schools, further studies should be needed to assess academic integrity policies, violations, and the results of the measures in Korean dental schools. Additionally, the challenge to provide professional ethics curricula for dental students must be conducted with respect and humanity for our students and thus, students will be more likely to respond positively to expectations in terms of ethical behaviors. Therefore, the outcome is clearly and undoubtedly link to better care for patients.
Trend change of dental filling materials for permanent teeth of primary and middle school children in a city
Authors: Kong Wook Sung , Kim Cheoul Sin
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of dental filling materials for carious permanent teeth of school children in a city. The study was designed as time-serial study, using the data of the dental survey for children aged 8-, 10- and 12-year children living in Gimhae city. The samples were selected by stratified clusters sampling. The number of surveyed samples in depth-analysis for types of dental filling materials were 567 in 2009 and 331 in 2013, respectively. They had dental restorations on one or more teeth. The changing pattern of used dental filling materials was analyzed between 2009 and 2013. Statistical analysis was conducted according to variables related to dental filling material type; DMFT and DMFS index, number of fissure sealed teeth and surface and surveyed year. Amalgam filling rate decreased from 27.9% in 2009 to 18.8% in 2013, while filling rate of tooth-colored materials increased from 56.1% in 2009 and 68.9% in 2013. Amalgam filling rate was a negative correlation with filling rate of tooth-colored materials or gold and number of fissure sealed teeth and a positive correlation with DMFT index. Filling rate of tooth-colored materials was a negative correlation with filling rate of amalgam or gold and DMFT index and a positive correlation with number of fissure sealed teeth. The light-curing composite resin should be included in the reimbursement range of National Health Insurance to solve an inequity of dental health care services.