bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on iso‐pentanol oxidation chemistry: Fuel radical isomerization and decomposition kinetics and mechanism development
Authors: Zhou Chao , Duan Yaozong , Huang Zhen , Han Dong
Published: January 2024

This study undertakes a detailed theoretical investigation into the iso‐pentanol radical isomerization and decomposition kinetics and the mechanism development of the iso‐pentanol oxidation. The CCSD(T)/CBS//M08‐HX/6‐311+G(2df,2p) method was adopted to calculate the reaction potential energy surface. The reaction rate coefficients were calculated by variational transition state theory (VTST) with multistructural torsional (MS‐T) partition function and small curvature tunneling (SCT) correction. Moreover, the pressure‐dependent rate coefficients were determined using the system‐specific quantum Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel theory (SS‐QRRK). The variational and tunneling effects were discussed, and the dominant reaction channels were identified. It reveals that the isomerization reactions play a significant role at low temperatures, while the decomposition reactions dominate the high‐temperature regime. Notably, the quantitative rate expressions for iso‐pentanol radical decomposition reactions were also obtained. Furthermore, a new kinetic model incorporating the calculated rate coefficients was constructed, exhibiting satisfactory prediction performance on ignition delay times and improved predictive accuracy of species mole fractions. This work provides accurate rate data of isomerization and decomposition kinetics and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the iso‐pentanol oxidation mechanism.
Pediatric Esophageal Foreign Bodies: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Ingestion Patterns
Authors: Chen Tanya , M Siu Jennifer , Madan Yasmine , Ma Gar‐Way , Gill Peter J. , Carman Nicholas , Propst Evan J. , Wolter Nikolaus E.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Pediatric esophageal foreign bodies (EFBs) are common and can result in serious complications. Little is known about the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on EFB ingestion in children. The goal was to study SES as a risk factor for dangerous foreign body ingestion and in‐hospital complications in children.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of children presenting to a tertiary care pediatric hospital with an esophageal foreign body from 2010 to 2021. SES was assessed for each patient by linking their postal code to the Ontario Marginalization Index to determine a quintile score across four dimensions of deprivation: residential instability, material deprivation, dependency, and ethnic concentration. Dangerous EFBs were defined as magnets, batteries, sharp objects, or bones. In‐hospital complications included: intensive care unit admission, prolonged length of stay, and postoperative sequelae.

Results

A total of 680 patients were included. Dangerous EFB ingestion was higher for children with increased residential instability (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–3.6) and increased material deprivation (OR, 2.2; CI, 1.9–2.8), which was similarly true for odds of complications. Odds of dangerous EFB ingestion were higher in older children (OR, 1.1; CI, 1.0–1.1) and odds of complications were higher in children with comorbidities (OR, 1.1; CI, 1.0–1.3).

Conclusion

Higher levels of housing instability and material deprivation are associated with dangerous EFB ingestion and complications related to EFB ingestion. These findings emphasize the role that SES plays on child health outcomes and the need for initiatives to mitigate these disparities.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:2945–2953, 2024
Preparation of PMMA‐Based Temperature/pH Responsive Nanoparticles Encapsulating 5‐Fluorouracil and Methotrexate In Situ by One‐Pot Dispersion Photopolymerization
Authors: Yu Siyuan , Shao Xian , Wu Tong , Liu Zheng , Yu Pei , Xing Jinfeng
Published: January 2024

In order to achieve long‐term and controllable release of anti‐tumor drugs at specific sites, temperature/pH responsive nanoparticles encapsulating 5‐fluorouracil and methotrexate in situ are prepared through dispersion photopolymerization under green LED irradiation. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. In vitro drug release at different temperatures and pH values is examined to ascertain the release pattern of two drugs, which can be well described by Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model. The cytotoxicity evaluation illustrates that the tumor cells could be more effectively killed by the drug‐loaded nanoparticles, and the improved therapeutic effect is attributed to the controllable and sustainable drug release as well as the enhanced cellular uptake. The blood safety and good biocompatibility of nanoparticles are further confirmed by hemolysis assay, indicating the prepared nanoparticles are potential candidates for effective tumor treatment.
Fly or fall with the wings of live streamers? Quality signaling and platform governance in live streaming commerce
Authors: Yu Ying , Liu Yuan
Published: January 2024

Platforms play a regulatory role in governing live streamers. We build an analytical model to study the platform governance and its impacts on the signaling effects of live streamers. Unlike traditional signaling games, we incorporate the interaction between consumers and live streamers, and the signaling costs also relate to platform governance. Results indicate that low marginal costs for governance do not necessarily induce the platform to govern live streamers rigorously, especially when consumers and live streamers lack interaction. Strict governance can help the signaling effects of live streamers.
Exploring data‐driven chemical SMILES tokenization approaches to identify key protein–ligand binding moieties
Authors: Temizer Asu Busra , Uludoğan Gökçe , Özçelik Rıza , Koulani Taha , Ozkirimli Elif , Ulgen Kutlu O. , Karali Nilgun , Özgür Arzucan
Published: January 2024

Machine learning models have found numerous successful applications in computational drug discovery. A large body of these models represents molecules as sequences since molecular sequences are easily available, simple, and informative. The sequence‐based models often segment molecular sequences into pieces called chemical words, analogous to the words that make up sentences in human languages, and then apply advanced natural language processing techniques for tasks such as de novo drug design, property prediction, and binding affinity prediction. However, the chemical characteristics and significance of these building blocks, chemical words, remain unexplored. To address this gap, we employ data‐driven SMILES tokenization techniques such as Byte Pair Encoding, WordPiece, and Unigram to identify chemical words and compare the resulting vocabularies. To understand the chemical significance of these words, we build a language‐inspired pipeline that treats high affinity ligands of protein targets as documents and selects key chemical words making up those ligands based on tf–idf weighting. The experiments on multiple protein–ligand affinity datasets show that despite differences in words, lengths, and validity among the vocabularies generated by different subword tokenization algorithms, the identified key chemical words exhibit similarity. Further, we conduct case studies on a number of target to analyze the impact of key chemical words on binding. We find that these key chemical words are specific to protein targets and correspond to known pharmacophores and functional groups. Our approach elucidates chemical properties of the words identified by machine learning models and can be used in drug discovery studies to determine significant chemical moieties.
A study to evaluate the exercise prescription through video and brochure in telerehabilitation of patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Rana Sunidhi , Verma Bhawna , Singh Roop , Siwach Priyanka
Published: January 2024

Background

Telerehabilitation is an easy and creative approach to rehabilitation treatments for osteoarthritis. In telerehabilitation, there are various modes through which exercises can be explained to the patients. Videos and brochures are commonly used to send patients exercise plans. Videos are easy to understand and can mimic live demonstrations and brochures are easy to create and customise for every patient's need. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of brochure and video methods of exercise prescription through telerehabilitation in terms of exercise acquisition and retention.

Methods

The study design was a randomised clinical trial. A total of 110 knee osteoarthritis patients who agreed to participate in the telerehabilitation programme were recruited for the study. The patients were randomly assigned to a video and brochure group. After the initial consultation through videoconferencing, the prescribed exercises were sent on their phone in the form of video or electronic brochure. The participants were again contacted through video conferencing after 2 days and retention and acquisition tests were recorded.

Results

The comparison of both groups through ‘t’ test showed no significant difference in exercise retention and acquisition. The mean and SD of exercise acquisition in the brochure group was 26.3455, ±5.7998 and in the video group was 27.2, ±5.47181 and mean and SD of exercise retention in the brochure group was 7.8727, ±2.31784 and in the video group was 7.6, ±1.256. Further analysis revealed that the hamstring stretching exercise was retained better in the video group than in the brochure group (p = 0.031*).

Conclusion

The study found no significant difference in exercise acquisition and retention between the video and brochure groups. Hence, an exercise brochure can be equally effective as a video for exercise prescription if the brochure is developed by keeping in mind the principles of readability and the use of proper instructions.
The value of non‐enhanced MRI in the evaluation of patients with suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Marth Adrian Alexander , Hosse Clarissa , Yamamura Jin , Went Simone , Al Shinibr Raid , Gebert Pimrapat , Kolck Johannes , Keresztyen Oliver , Krusche Martin , Keller Sarah , Can Elif
Published: January 2024

Introduction/Aims

The performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) remains controversial. Furthermore, the role of contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) sequences is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a non‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (NE‐MRI) protocol compared to a CE‐MRI protocol in adult patients with confirmed IIM.

Methods

This study retrospectively enrolled patients with suspected IIM who underwent MRI of the upper thigh between 2008 and 2020. The protocol consisted of a T1‐weighted (T1w) sequence, a turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) sequence and a contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted sequence (CE‐T1w). After randomly stratifying patients into a group with only the T1w and TIRM sequences available and another group with additional availability of CE‐T1w, three blinded readers assessed the presence of IIM based on characteristic imaging features. Confirmation of the diagnosis was determined based on the 2017 ACR/EULAR criteria.

Results

Of the 80 patients (mean age 49.0 ± 21.1 years; 42 female, 38 male) included, 54 (67.5%) had a positive diagnosis of IIM. Cumulated sensitivity and specificity for MRI to detect IIM was 87.1% and 83.3% in the NE‐MRI group versus 87.0% and 63.0% in the CE‐MRI group. The group differences for sensitivity and specificity were non‐significant for each of the three readers, respectively (p ≥ .081).

Discussion

NE‐MRI detects suspected IIM with high diagnostic accuracy and performs equivalently to CE‐MRI. Therefore, it may be appropriate to omit the use of contrast agents in MRI scans performed for suspected IIM.
Strain localization in the standard triaxial tests of granular materials: Insights into meso‐ and macro‐scale behaviours
Authors: Phan Quoc T. , Bui Ha H. , Nguyen Giang D. , Nicot François
Published: January 2024

The standard triaxial tests cease to be valid as material tests since the homogeneity of the granular mass is lost when localized failures such as shear bands occur requiring a different approach to interpreting and analyzing material responses at the meso scale from the macro behaviour. This study sheds light on the above issue by analyzing the standard triaxial tests of the granular specimens undergoing localized failure at different scales using DEM. For the first time, the behaviour of material inside and outside of the shear band as well as the entire sample are quantitatively quantified through DEM simulations. The results enable confirmation of various theoretical hypotheses and experimental observations on the localized failure in granular materials. For example, by quantifying the inter‐particle contact forces of materials inside and outside the shear band zone, it is confirmed that the material outside the localization band undergoes inelastic unloading beyond the bifurcation point, while those inside the localization band experience inelastic shearing to reach the critical state. Moreover, the analysis in this study suggests that if the volume of the localization zone can be precisely measured from the experiment, the mesoscale constitutive responses that truly represent the inelastic behaviour can be quantified. This gives rise to a more appropriate method to obtain inelastic constitutive responses of granular materials from specimens undergoing localized failure in triaxial tests.
Deep learning‐accelerated multiscale approach for granular material modeling
Authors: Guan Qingzheng , Yang Zhongxuan , Guo Ning , Chen Lifan
Published: January 2024

The hierarchical finite element method (FEM)–discrete element method (DEM) multiscale approach is a powerful tool for solving geotechnical boundary value problems. However, despite parallel computing can be resorted to, the high computational cost remains an insurmountable barrier to its practical application in engineering‐scale problems. As an alternative, a deep learning model (DLM) is employed to replace the representative volume element (RVE) in the DEM. The complex constitutive responses of sand under various loading paths can be reproduced by leveraging the powerful learning capacity of the DLM. During the numerical computations, the DLM is integrated into the Gauss integration points of the FEM mesh, where it receives strains as input and returns the prediction of stresses to advance the calculation. The applicability and accuracy of the approach were examined with three BVPs, in which the sources of error for both global and local performances were systematically analyzed. The feasibility of the approach in accounting for the inherent anisotropy of sand was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of the DLM can achieve a significant computational acceleration of up to two orders of magnitude while maintaining a high degree of accuracy.
Bladder outflow obstruction in women: Clinical and basic evaluation
Authors: El‐Tholoth Hossam S. , Alsulihem Ali
Published: January 2024

Aim

Female bladder outflow obstruction is an underdiagnosed and undermanaged condition. This review article aims to illustrate the basic and clinical evaluation of patients who might have this condition.

Review

Clinical evaluation includes clinical history, examination, and basic investigations, including uroflowmetry and postvoid residual, urinalysis and culture, renal function assessment, ultrasound of kidneys and bladder, voiding cystourethrography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Based on the initial evaluation, if the concern of obstruction is high, the clinician might undergo further advanced evaluation.

Conclusion

Basic evaluation is the initial step in the diagnosis of female bladder outflow obstruction, the clinician need to have a high index of suspicion and often further advanced evaluation is needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Interaction of N2, O2 and H2 Molecules with Superalkalis
Authors: Srivastava Harshita , Kumar Srivastava Ambrish , Misra Neeraj
Published: January 2024

Superalkalis (SAs) are exotic clusters having lower ionization energy than alkali atoms, which makes them strong reducing agents. In the quest for the reduction of diatomic molecules (X2) such as N2, O2, and H2 using Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), we have studied their interaction with typical superalkalis such as FLi2, OLi3, and NLi4 and calculated various parameters of the resulting SA−X2 complexes. We noticed that the SA−O2 complex and its isomers possess strong ionic interaction, which leads to the reduction of O2 to O2− anion. On the contrary, there are both ionic and covalent interactions in SA−N2 complexes such that the lowest energy isomers are covalently bonded with no charge transfer from SA. Further, the interaction between SA and H2 leads to weakly bound complexes, which results in the adsorption of H2 molecules. The nature of interaction is found to be closely related to the electron affinity of diatomic molecules. These findings might be useful in the study of the activation, reduction, and adsorption of small molecules, which can be further explored for their possible applications.
Can extending time between vital sign checks improve sleep in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients? Testing feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy
Authors: Daniel Lauren C. , Venella Kimberly L. , Woodard Kelsey , Poliakova Polina , Gross J. Yael , Bercovitz Iris N. , Moore Dirk , Barakat Lamia P. , Freedman Jason L.
Published: January 2024

Background

Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) experience barriers to quality sleep. Frequent vital sign checks are necessary early posttransplant given risk of complications but can disrupt sleep. This study tested feasibility and acceptability of extending time between checking vitals (EVs) from every 4 to every 6 h to improve sleep.

Procedure

HSCT patients ages 8–21 years (N = 50, mean age = 14.06, SD = 3.58) and their caregivers were enrolled 1–2 days prior to transplant, and 40 patients completed the 15‐day study (NCT04106089). Patients wore an actigraph to estimate sleep and provided self‐ and caregiver‐report of sleep. Sleep was observed for nights 0 to +4 posttransplant, and patients were then randomized to EVs either Days +5 to +9 or +10 to +14. Patients were assessed daily for medical eligibility to receive EVs; on days patients were eligible, nightshift nurses (N = 79) reported EV acceptability.

Results

Of 200 potential nights for EVs (5 nights x 40 patients), patients were eligible for EVs on 126 nights (63% of eligible nights), and patients received EVs on 116 (92%) of eligible nights. Most patients received EVs ≥3 nights (n = 26, 65%, median = 3 nights). Most patients (85%), caregivers (80%), and nurses (84%) reported that patients used the additional 2 h during EVs for sleep, with reporters indicating moderate to high acceptability. There was preliminary evidence of efficacy indicated by caregiver‐reported sleep disturbance and actigraphy‐estimated improvements in sleep efficiency during EVs.

Conclusion

Extending time between vitals checks is highly acceptable to patients, caregivers, and nurses, and may offer a feasible approach to improve sleep in pediatric HSCT.
Elaeocarpus ganitrus (rudraksha) seeds as a potential sustainable reinforcement for polymer matrix composites
Authors: Irawan Agustinus Purna , Siregar Januar Parlaungan , Cionita Tezara , Fitriyana Deni Fajar , Alias Ahmad , Rusiyanto Rusiyanto , Jaafar Jamiluddin , Prayitno Pungkas , Ismail Rifky , Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto , Janvekar Ayub Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Creating environmentally friendly materials like polymer matrix composites (PMCs) enhanced with natural fillers has grown in recent decades. It supports the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) by reducing the reliance on non‐renewable resources, minimizing waste generation, and promoting sustainable land and water management practices. This investigation assesses the viability of employing Elaeocarpus ganitrus (rudraksha) seeds as a filler (rudraksha seed filler [RSF] in environmentally sustainable composite materials. Various loading concentrations and sizes of RSFs were incorporated by hand lay‐up into polymer epoxy resin (ER). The effect of filler on the mechanical properties of composites was observed. Thermal properties of RSF/epoxy composites were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The 10 wt% 100‐mesh filler had the maximum tensile strength (TS) at 42.30 MPa and flexural strength (FS) at 87.4 MPa, surpassing other filler sizes and loading concentrations. Meanwhile, the highest impact properties have been achieved with 20 wt% of RSF with 0.436 J. The results of this study highlight the significant impact of filler type and concentration on the mechanical properties of the material. These findings offer valuable insights that may be applied to various industrial contexts. Furthermore, incorporating 10% up to 30 wt% RSF in epoxy composites has brought more thermal stability than virgin epoxy. It revealed that the RSFs possess higher decomposition temperatures than the epoxy matrix. RSF has a potential sustainable reinforcement in polymer composites and holds great promise for addressing environmental challenges and aligning with several SDGs.

Highlights

Interest in eco‐friendly materials, like polymer composites with natural reinforcements, has been increasing in recent decades.

Rudraksha sees filler is lightweight with low moisture, high carbon content, and some mineral elements.

The addition of Rudraksha seed filler has enhanced the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites.

Rudraksha seed filler possess higher decomposition temperatures than the epoxy matrix.

Rudraksha seed filler has a promising future as a sustainable friction material for automotive brake pads.
Correlation of structure, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties in Low Density Polyethylene/Linear Low Density Polyethylene blends in the presence of recycled Low Density Polyethylene and Linear Low Density Polyethylene
Authors: Esmaeilzade Romina , Stainslavovich Kozodaev Alexey , Jandaghian Mohammad Hossein , Hosseini Leila Sadat Rokni , Saleh Luma Hussain , Zarghampour Simin
Published: January 2024

Post‐industrial low‐density and linear low‐density polyethylene blown films are mechanically recycled for reutilizing in the production of blown films for packaging applications. This process enables the production of films with lower cost and similar properties while preserving the environment and lowering the amount of waste material disposed of. The mechanical recycling process results in the production of recycled pellets. This process includes chopping, washing, drying, and reprocessing. Mixtures of these recycled materials and their virgin form with various concentrations are shaped into blown films with inherent 70 and 30 wt% loadings for low‐density polyethylene and linear low‐density polyethylene components, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results of the recycled material show no contamination or chemical reaction with other materials. Gel permeation chromatography is carried out on the virgin and recycled low‐density polyethylene and linear low‐density polyethylene, and the results indicate the occurrence of chain session and crosslinking during the recycling process. The decline in the thermal properties of the samples, seen from the differential scanning calorimetry results, indicates the presence of crosslinks. The effect of structural changes caused by the recycling process on the rheological properties is studied. The miscibility of the blend components is evaluated by Cole–Cole plots and then further proved by Han and Van Gurp–Palman curves. Mechanical properties display an upturn following the presence of the crosslinkes. A decline in the optical properties in the films caused by the refraction of light by the crosslink structure in the film bulk and on the surface is evident.

Highlights

LDPE and LLDPE were recycled according to the circular economy approach

Blown films containing virgin and recycled LDPE and LLDPE were produced

Chain scission and crosslinking as a result of recycling were studied

Rheological, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties were studied
Registration of ‘Ho 13‐739’ sugarcane
Authors: Todd James R. , Hale Anna L. , Pan Yong‐Bao , Tew Thomas L. , White William H. , Dufrene Edwis O. , Grisham Michael P. , Hoy Jeff , Penn Hannah J. , Wilson Blake , Orgeron Albert , Waguespack Herman , Pontif Michael , Gravois Kenneth A. , Jackson Windell R. , Duet Michael J. , Landry Cory , Verdun David L.
Published: January 2024

‘Ho 13‐739’ (Reg. no. CV‐214, PI 703499) sugarcane (a Saccharum spp. complex polyploid) was selected and evaluated by scientists at the USDA‐ARS in Houma, LA, in cooperation with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and the American Sugar Cane League, Inc. It was released to growers in Louisiana in 2020. Results from evaluations in plant‐cane and first‐ and second‐ratoon crops at 13 field locations revealed that sucrose content and stalk weight of Ho 13‐739 were significantly greater than ‘L 01‐299’ in every crop and across the crop cycle. Sucrose yield was not significantly different than L 01‐299 for all crops evaluated and across the crop cycle. Ho 13‐739 is an early‐maturing cultivar with poor mature‐stalk cold tolerance. The cultivar is resistant to smut (Sporisorium scitamineum) and Sorghum mosaic virus and moderately suspectable to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala) and leaf scald (caused by Xanthomonas albilineans). It was also moderately susceptible to the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis F). Ho 13‐739 has important traits for producers such as high sucrose content, early maturity, and adequate disease resistance.
Four sides to the story: A proteomic comparison of liquid‐phase and matrix‐bound extracellular vesicles in 2D and 3D cell cultures
Authors: Peshkova Maria , Korneev Alexander , Revokatova Daria , Smirnova Olga , Klyucherev Timofey , Shender Victoria , Arapidi Georgij , Kosheleva Nastasia , Timashev Peter
Published: January 2024

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cellular communication and are extensively studied as promising therapeutic agents. While there is a substantial pool of studies on liquid‐phase EVs, data on EVs bound to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is lacking. There is also an emerging trend of accumulating and comparing data on characteristics of EVs obtained in different culturing conditions. Aiming to reveal proteomic signatures of EVs obtained from conditioned media and ECM of MSCs cultured in 2D and 3D conditions, we performed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analysis revealed common patterns in proteomic composition of liquid‐phase EVs and matrix‐bound vesicles (MBVs), namely extracellular environment organization, immune, and transport pathways enrichment. However, extracellular environmental organization pathways are more enriched in liquid‐phase EVs than in MBVs, while MBVs proteins noticeably enrich enzymatic pathways. Furthermore, each type of EVs from 2D and 3D cultures has a unique differential abundance profile. We have also performed comparative functional assays, namely scratch assay to assess EVs effect on cell migration and tubulogenesis assay to evaluate EVs angiogenic potential. We found that both liquid‐phase EVs and MBVs enhance cell migration, while angiogenic potential is higher in MBVs. Results of the present study suggest that while both liquid‐phase EVs and MBVs have therapeutic potential, some unique features of each subgroup may determine optimal areas of their application.
Healthcare setting staff satisfaction in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Asres Gizew Dessie , Gessesse Yeshiwork Kebede
Published: January 2024

Background

Job satisfaction means how happy and content people are with their job. Workers who are satisfied with their jobs tend to get more work done and give better care. When workers are not happy at work, they are also not productive as well and many of them leave their jobs. This study aimed to address the level of job satisfaction and associated factors among healthcare setting staff in Ethiopia from 2012 to 2022.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar and African Index Medicus databases have been searched based on preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis. Pooled estimate of job satisfaction level was done using the random effects model after significant heterogeneities have been checked by subgroup analysis. Publication bias was checked using funnel plot.

Results

Pooled satisfaction level of healthcare workers in Ethiopia was 50.31%. Factors associated were autonomy (pooled odds ratio (POR) = 5.79, 95% CI: 1.99–16.90), training (POR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.69–5.67), organizational policy (POR = 4.71, 95% CI: 2.09–10.61), reward (POR = 4.58,95% CI: 1.51–13.84), payment (POR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.77–8.54), supervision (POR = 5.34, 95% CI: 3.72–7.67) and work environment (POR = 5.44, 95% CI: 2.80–10.58).

Conclusion

About half of healthcare staff in Ethiopia's healthcare settings were satisfied with their job. This result was lower than the job satisfaction level of other parts of the world, even in African countries. Healthcare settings should strive to provide a good working environment, with training opportunities, adequate payment, supportive supervision and conducive organizational policy.
Design of Porous Carbon Adsorbents from Ethylene Glycol for Selective CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Zaman Ali Can , Ustundag Cem Bulent
Published: January 2024

The production of affordable advanced porous materials is necessary for applications involving the capture of CO2. This study aimed to investigate the use of inexpensive liquid precursors in the production of CO2 sorbents. Porous precursors were produced through solvothermal processing of ethylene glycol via dehydration using sulfuric acid. Various pyrolysis and activation techniques were utilized on a carbon precursor to examine how different heat treatment methods affect surface chemical properties and the behavior of static CO2 adsorption at temperatures of 273 K, 298 K, and 313 K. Out of the studied carbons, the urea‐treated pyrolyzed sample exhibited a CO2 uptake capacity of 0.93 mmol g−1 at a pressure of 0.15 bar and a temperature of 298 K. This carbon exhibited a remarkable CO2/N2 selectivity of 46, mainly due to its microporosity and a nitrogen content of 8.3 atomic percent. Moreover, the investigation of adsorption and chemical properties unveiled that nonoxidized sulfur exhibits favorable effects on CO2 adsorption, particularly at the temperature of 298 K. This study provides evidence that liquid precursors can be effectively employed to generate porous doped functional carbons or precursors using solvothermal conditions.
Isolation, Modification, and Characterization of Local Indonesia's Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose for Dye‐Adsorbent Application
Authors: Constan Lotebulo Ndruru Sun Theo , Ariva Asta Veronika , Al Razi Hidayat Rifa , Siti Mawarni Rista , Marlina Anita , Yulianti Evi , Sri Handayani Aniek , Hikmat  , Adawiyah Siregar Rabiyatul , Heliawati Leny , Abdulameer Kareem Aseel , Khoiru Wihadi Muh. Nur , Trisna Hayati Atika , Prasetyo Ridho
Published: January 2024

Cellulose and its derivatives have been widely used in various applications. Cellulose can be isolated from sugarcane bagasse waste. This research aims to isolate and modify the sugarcane bagasse cellulose to improve its characteristics and usability. Cellulose was isolated using the alkalization and bleaching method, wherein the alkalization processes the biomass was immersed in a sodium hydroxide solution and bleached using hydrogen peroxide. Cellulose modification was performed using alkali treatment and etherification stages with monochloroacetic acid in an isopropanol solvent. The β‐(1,4)‐glycosidic vibration absorption on both the bleaching products at 896 cm−1 confirmed pure cellulose, while a carbonyl group at 1610 cm−1 in the modified cellulose product confirmed the pure CMC product. The CMC obtained had lower thermal stability in the interval 241.35–299.87 compared to cellulose as its source, indicating an increase in the amorphous region. According to experimental findings from the MB adsorption investigation, citric acid‐crosslinked sugarcane bagasse derivatives of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were more effective adsorbents for removing MB than commercial CMC with the same formulation (2 : 1). The study‘s findings also indicated that an increase in the percentage of MB degradation was correlated with an effect of adsorbent dose and contact time.
Copper‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−C(sp2) Bond Formation via Single C(sp2)−H Activation
Authors: Parmar Himanshu V. , Adodariya Yash J. , Patel Unnati P. , Shrivastav Pranav S. , Maru Jayesh J.
Published: January 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the studies conducted over the past 15 years into copper catalyzed reactions for C(sp2)−C(sp2) bond formation via C(sp2)−H activation. The investigations encompass a wide array of starting materials and substrates. The range of substrates studied has been broadened to encompass C−H activation of aryls, heteroaryls, and alkenyl groups. Furthermore, in some cases only catalytic amounts of copper salts were required to drive the challenging C−H functionalization, indicating a promising avenue for future research.
Visible Light‐Promoted Catalyst‐Free (VLCF) Scalable Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Isoniazid and Maleimide
Authors: Iqbal Safia , Hussain Mohd. Kamil , Singh Bhoomika , Zaheer Mohd. Rehan , Ansari Roohi , Akbar Insha , Gupta Anamika
Published: January 2024

We have developed a Visible Light Promoted Catalyst‐Free (VLCF) approach to synthesize novel conjugates of Isoniazid and Maleimide. This method involves the formation of an electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex between isoniazid and maleimide the photochemical activity of this complex drives the transformation. We successfully synthesized Isoniazid‐Maleimide derivatives (3a–d) at gram scale under visible light irradiation without an additional photo catalyst and without chromatographic purification resulting in excellent yields in a recyclable green solvent. Molecular docking was employed to predict the in silico anti‐tubercular activity and binding modes at the active site of enoyl‐ACP reductase, InhA. The newly synthesized compounds (3a–d) exhibited high binding affinity compared to Isoniazid and Isoniazid‐NAD adduct, indicating their potential for more effective anti‐tubercular activity. ADME analysis revealed favourable physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, water solubility, pharmacokinetics, and drug‐likeness for compound 3a, positioning it as a promising candidate for further drug discovery and development.
Brønsted‐Acidic Mesoporous Beta Zeolite H‐MBeta Catalyzes the Conversion of Benzhydrol into Diphenylmethane and Diphenyl Ketone
Authors: Jia Xueqin , Geng Lili , Wang Siming , Liu Jiteng , Fu Wenqian
Published: January 2024

Developing a highly efficient catalytic system for the transformation of benzhydrol to simultaneously form diphenylmethane and diphenyl ketone is an attractive strategy in modern organic synthesis. In this work, acidic mesoporous Beta (H‐MBeta) zeolite successfully catalyzed the dismutation of the benzhydrol to yield equivalent amounts of diphenylmethane and diphenyl ketone under mild conditions. Combining X‐ray diffraction, N2‐adsorption, ammonia temperature programmed desorption, pyridine‐adsorbed infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, it was found that, compared to MBeta, H‐MZSM‐5 and USY zeolite catalysts, the abundant Brønsted acidic sites on the external surface of H‐MBeta are responsible for its superior catalytic performance.
Construction and Performance Study of Artificial Light‐harvesting Based on Al3+ Fluorescence Regulation
Authors: Ma Xinxian , Ren Tianqi , Tang Jiahong , Zhang Jiali , Wei Jiuzhi , Liang Yuehua , Zhang Juan , Feng Enke , Han Xinning
Published: January 2024

A light‐emission system coordinating the amide 2‐amino‐3‐5‐dibromo‐N‐((2‐hydroxy‐naphthalene) benzoylhydrazine (R) and Al3+ was successfully prepared. Compared with that of R, the fluorescence emission band of the R–Al3+ group considerably improved. Therefore, using the R–Al3+ complex as a donor and two dyes (Nile Red and SR101) as acceptors, two artificial light–harvesting systems (ALHSs) were prepared. The energy transfer processes of the R–Al3+–Nile Red and R–Al3+–SR101 systems were confirmed. The findings will help in improving the current situation of ALHSs and have potential application value in ion detection and energy development.
A Drop‐and‐Drain Method for Convenient and Efficient Fabrication of MOF/Fiber Composites
Authors: Oh Hyunjeong , Lee Gihyun , Oh Moonhyun
Published: January 2024

The fabrication of flexible composites by integrating metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with flexible substrates is a critical strategy for developing advanced materials with excellent feasibility and processability. These flexible MOF‐based composites play a particularly important role in the separation and purification processes. However, several drawbacks remain challenge to overcome such as long processing time, high‐cost, complicated processes, or harsh reaction conditions. In this paper, a convenient and efficient method is reported for fabricating MOF/fiber composites using a simple drop‐and‐drain (D&D) process. By exploiting the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged MOF particles and negatively charged fiber‐based flexible substrates, a uniform coating of MOF on flexible fibers are achieved. This is accomplished by allowing the MOF ink to drop and drain through a substrate using a custom‐made Teflon cell. Additionally, the D&D method enables the production of multiple layers of composites in a single‐step process. UiO‐66 and ZIF‐8 submicroparticles and various substrates such as cotton‐pad, cotton‐fabric, nylon‐fabric, PET‐fabric, and filter‐paper are employed to create flexible MOF/fiber composites. These composites demonstrate outstanding capacities for capturing negatively charged organic dyes, including methyl orange and indigo carmine. Furthermore, the MOF/fiber composites can be reused for dye capture after a simple washing process.
Renal Clearable Nanodots‐Engineered Erythrocytes with Enhanced Circulation and Tumor Accumulation for Photothermal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Quanxiao , Jin Meng , Ding Zhen , Luo Danfeng , Wang Shuang , Bao Xingfu , Liu Zhen , Wei Wei
Published: January 2024

Living cell‐mediated nanodelivery system is considered a promising candidate for targeted antitumor therapy; however, their use is restricted by the adverse interactions between carrier cells and nanocargos. Herein, a novel erythrocyte‐based nanodelivery system is developed by assembling renal‐clearable copper sulfide (CuS) nanodots on the outer membranes of erythrocytes via a lipid fusion approach, and demonstrate that it is an efficient photothermal platform against hepatocellular carcinoma. After intravenous injection of the nanodelivery system, CuS nanodots assembled on erythrocytes can be released from the system, accumulate in tumors in response to the high shear stress of bloodstream, and show excellent photothermal antitumor effect under the near infrared laser irradiation. Therefore, the erythrocyte‐mediated nanodelivery system holds many advantages including prolonged blood circulation duration and enhanced tumor accumulation. Significantly, the elimination half‐life of the nanodelivery system is 74.75 ± 8.77 h, which is much longer than that of nanodots (33.56 ± 2.36 h). Moreover, the other two kinds of nanodots can be well assembled onto erythrocytes to produce other erythrocyte‐based hitchhiking platforms. Together, the findings promote not only the development of novel erythrocyte‐based nanodelivery systems as potential platforms for tumor treatment but also their further clinical translation toward personalized healthcare.
InCl3‐Assisted Surface Defects Restoring to Enhance Lead‐Free Cs2ZrCl6 Nanocrystals for X‐Ray Imaging and Blue LED Applications
Authors: Wei Hanqi , Yang Qihua , Li Guihua , Liu Xuan , Huang Junben , Wang Chujie , Li Xiaoming , Cai Gemei
Published: January 2024

As one type of recent emerging lead‐free perovskites, Cs2ZrCl6 nanocrystals are widely concerned, benefiting from the eminent designability, high X‐ray cutoff efficiency, and favorable stability. Improving the luminescence performance of Cs2ZrCl6 nanocrystals has great importance to cater for practical applications. In view of the surface defects frequently formed by the liquid phase method, the particle morphology and surface quality of this material are expected to be regulated if certain intervention is made in the synthesis process. In the work, differing from normal cell lattice modulation based on the ion doping, the grain size and surface morphology of Cs2ZrCl6 nanocrystals are optimized via adding a certain amount of InCl3 to the synthetic solution. The surface defects are restored to inhibit the defect‐induced non‐radiative transition, resulting in the improvement of the luminescence properties. Moreover, a flexible Cs2ZrCl6@polydimethylsiloxane film with excellent heat, water, and bending resistance and a light‐emitting diode (LED) device are fabricated, exhibiting excellent application potential for X‐ray imaging and blue LED.
Tin Hybrid Flow Batteries with Ultrahigh Areal Capacities Enabled by Double Gradients
Authors: Ye Xiaolin , Xiong Ningxin , Huang Shaopei , Wu Qixing , Chen Hongning , Zhou Xuelong
Published: January 2024

Tin‐based hybrid flow batteries have demonstrated dendrite‐free morphology and superior performance in terms of cycle life and energy density. However, the quick accumulation of electrodeposits near the electrode/membrane interface blocks the ion transport pathway during the charging of the battery, resulting to a very limited areal capacity (especially at high current density) that significantly hinders its deployment in long‐duration storage applications. Herein, a conductivity‐activity dual‐gradient design is disclosed by electrically passivating the carbon felt near the membrane/electrode interface and chemically activating the carbon felt near the electrode/current collector interface. In consequence, the tin metals are preferentially plated at the region near electrode/current collector, preventing the ion transport pathway from being easily blocked. The resultant gradient electrode demonstrated an unprecedentedly high areal capacity of 268 mAh cm−2 at a current density of as high as 80 mA cm−2. Numerical modeling and experimental characterizations show that the dual‐gradient electrode differs from conventional electrodes with regard to their reaction current density distribution and electrodeposit distribution during charging. This work demonstrates a new design strategy of 3D electrodes for hybrid flow batteries to induce a desirable distribution of electrodeposits and achieve a high areal capacity at commercially relevant current densities.
Long‐lasting UV‐blocking Mechanism of Lignin: Origin and Stabilization of Semiquinone Radicals
Authors: Fu Yu , Xiao Yuting , Chen Xin , Qiu Xueqing , Qian Yong
Published: January 2024

Semiquinone (SQ) radicals play a critical role in the long‐lasting UV‐blocking application of lignin, while their origin and stable structure are unclear. Here, the organosolv lignin extracted from poplar (OL‐P) is self‐assembled into normal micelles (LNM) with more phenolic hydroxyl groups on the surface, and reverse micelles (LRM) with more methoxyl groups on the surface. After 12 h UV irradiation, the SQ radical contents in LNM and LRM increase 33% and 78% respectively. The performance of LNM based sunscreen keeps upswinging due to radical stabilization of phenolic hydroxyl groups. LRM based sunscreen experiences a gradual decrease after reaching maximum UV absorbance due to the quick generation and over oxidation of SQ radicals. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that methoxyl groups in OL‐P has bigger bond length and smaller bond dissociation enthalpy than phenolic hydroxyl groups, and are easy to form SQ radicals. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG) needed for SQ‐quinone transformation is above 26.10 kcal mol.−1, while that for SQ‐hydroquinone transformation is below −66.78 kcal mol.−1. Hydroquinone is the stable structure of SQ radicals. This work discloses the origin and stable structure of SQ radicals in lignin under UV irradiation, and provides an important guidance for its long‐lasting UV‐blocking application.
Equivalence testing for multiple groups
Authors: Pourmohamad Tony , Lee Herbert K. H.
Published: January 2024

Testing for equivalence, rather than testing for a difference, is an important component of some scientific studies. While the focus of the existing literature is on comparing two groups for equivalence, real‐world applications arise regularly that require testing across more than two groups. This paper reviews the existing approaches for testing across multiple groups and proposes a novel framework for multigroup equivalence testing under a Bayesian paradigm. This approach allows for a more scientifically meaningful definition of the equivalence margin and a more powerful test than the few existing alternatives. This approach also allows a new definition of equivalence based on future differences.
The colocation of primary care physicians and audiologists in the Chicago metro region reinforces racial, ethnic, and class inequities in spatial access to care
Authors: Planey Arrianna Marie , Thomas Sharita R. , Lewis Jodi A. , Maaita Marah
Published: January 2024

In primary‐care‐centric models of care provision, specialist co‐location with primary care physicians (PCPs) can potentially improve care coordination and continuity. This study asks whether the co‐location of specialists with referring PCPs can reinforce racial, ethnic, and class inequities in spatial access to care. Given a US healthcare policy context wherein audiologist services are only reimbursed if they are medical practitioner‐referred, audiologists are hypothesized to co‐locate with PCPs. Using spatial cluster analysis and spatial regression approaches, this study quantifies the tendency for PCPs and audiologists to co‐locate and analyzes the consequences for spatial access disparities in the Chicago, Illinois metropolitan region. Audiologists and PCPs co‐cluster significantly across Chicagoland. The spatial lag model confirms racial, ethnic, and class disparities in network travel distance to audiology services in the core counties of the region. The results suggest that, for audiology services, health policies and the resultant interdependence across the hierarchy of care manifest spatially, possibly reinforcing service access disparities within segregated city regions.