bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms to Improve the Performance of Software Development Effort Estimation Models
Authors: Saadi Maryam Hassani , Bardsiri Vahid Khatibi , Ziaaddini Fahimeh
Published: August 2015

One of the major activities in effective and efficient production of software projects is the precise estimation of software development effort. Estimation of the effort in primary steps of software development is one of the most important challenges in managing software projects. Some reasons for these challenges such as: discordant software projects, the complexity of the manufacturing process, special role of human and high level of obscure and unusual features of software projects can be noted. Predicting the necessary efforts to develop software using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms has made significant progressions in this field. These algorithms have the potent to be used in estimation of the effort of the software. The necessity to increase estimation precision urged the authors to survey the efficiency of some meta-heuristic optimization algorithms and their effects on the software projects. To do so, in this paper, they investigated the effect of combining various optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm and ant colony algorithm on different models such as COCOMO, estimation based on analogy, machine learning methods and standard estimation models. These models have employed various data sets to evaluate the results such as COCOMO, Desharnais, NASA, Kemerer, CF, DPS, ISBSG and Koten & Gary. The results of this survey can be used by researchers as a primary reference.
Localization of Characteristic Peaks in Cardiac Signal
Authors: Khanal Subash , Sriraam N.
Published: August 2015

Cardiovascular system study using Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have evolved tremendously in the research domain of medical electronics and signal processing community. The extraction of characteristic points of an ECG signal helps in detection of any irregularities if present. This paper attempts to provide the basic understanding of ECG signal, pre-processing and extraction of fiducial points P, Q, R, S, T and their respective amplitude. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) has been used for the localization of R peaks. Finally, other peaks are localized in time plane, using inter-beat interval dependent search windows. The proposed method was tested using ECG signal data obtained from MIT Physionet-ATM database and Signals derived from medical instrumentation lab of M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology. The simulation results were quite promising in terms of accurate localization of characteristic peaks, their respective amplitude in time plane and other features like R-R intervals, QRS width, S-T segment length, etc. The simplified procedure proposed in this study shows clear indication for arrhythmias detection which can be extended for automated ECG signal classification by appropriate selection of pattern classifiers.
Finding Impact of Precedence based Critical Attributes in Kidney Dialysis Data Set using Clustering Technique
Authors: Ravindra B.V. , Sriraam N. , Maiya Geetha
Published: August 2015

The influencing aspects for kidney dialysis such as creatinine, sodium, urea & potassium levels display a critical part in determining the persistence estimate of the patients as well as the need for undergoing kidney transplantation. Numerous efforts are been through to develop computerized choice making procedure for earlier persistence. This preliminary study finds the impact of significant parameters based on the precedence of parameters suggested by the doctors & using the k-Means algorithm. With this algorithm knowledge about the collaboration among several of those measured parameters and patient persistence. The clustering method finds critical parameter that assists in estimating the persistence period of the patients who is taking the dialysis treatment.
Conceptualizing Player-Side Emergence in Interactive Games
Authors: Yap Christopher Michael , Kadobayashi Youki , Yamaguchi Suguru
Published: August 2015

The concept of emergence exists in many fields such as Philosophy, Information Science, and Biology. With respect to the modern video game, emergence can potentially manifest as emergent narrative and/or gameplay. In this paper, the authors engage in a critical discussion about what it means for an interactive video game to have emergence. The authors frame the discussion of emergence as a close critical look at the games Papers, Please and Gone Home. From these analyses, the authors propose a concept of “Player-side emergence in games,” in which emergence in the form of narrative is expressible and observable in games which rely not on the game software itself, but also upon the complex system of the human mind for reconstruction of the game experience and a subsequent expression of emergence. The authors contend that such an emergent design consideration is potentially useful for designers who are trying to address the trade-off of Ludo-Narrative Dissonance.
Infrastructuring Knowledge in Cultural Infrastructure
Authors: Macchia Teresa , Poderi Giacomo , D'Andrea Vincenzo
Published: August 2015

This paper discusses infrastructuring as an informal experience of Participatory Design in the context of museums. The authors describe “participation” as an embedded and stable parameter for looking at museums sustainability. Their standpoint is that museums develop and encourage knowledge through participative and interrelated relationships among various actors. Thus, the value of participation intersects the concept of infrastructuring, which implies the ongoing feature, the hybridity of networks and the complexity of the context, and consider together human and non-human. Describing visitors' participation in infrastructuring processes, the authors underline the unprofessional and unplanned stage of design process in order to stimulate new direction on designing museum exhibition and for planning the introduction of interactive technologies in the museum environment.
Selective Harmonic Elimination Method for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Abd Halim Wahidah , Abd Rahim Nasrudin
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a selective harmonic elimination (SHE) modulation technique for cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter. The main advantage of the proposed SHE concept is its simple implementation to eliminate the specific order harmonics. The procedures used to achieve the appropriate switching angles are presented. The switching angles are offline computed using the Newton-Raphson method. The SHE scheme of the adopted inverter uses the relationship between the angles and a sinusoidal reference waveform through some combinational logic gates. Theoretical results are verified by the experimental work of a single-phase 7-level CHB inverter employing an Altera DE2 field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Results show the inverter producing an optimum stepped output voltage when selected low-order harmonics are eliminated and the voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) is improved.
Analysis of Changes in Temperature and Irradiance to DC-DC Buck Converter Based on IP Controller for Solar Power Plant Application
Authors: Slamet  , bin Abd Ghani Rasli , Kobayashi Fuminori
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a mathematical model of photovoltaic with buck converter to analyze the voltage and current as a result of radiation and temperature changes as the input signal. Photovoltaic simulator models created using the C programming integrated with Matlab Simulink. The IP controller is used to control the current of a buck converter with the reference current from the dynamic model of photovoltaic. The control signal from the IP controller is used for generating a PWM signal, which is used to drive the IGBT gate of the buck converter. Input of irradiance and temperature are given to the photovoltaic simulator. Moreover, the current and voltage of the buck converter are used as a feedback to the photovoltaic simulator. This experiment is run through the system in real time and the simulation results show that changing in radiation has more significant effect on the output voltage of a solar power system compared to changing in temperature.
Design Study of Zero Voltage Switching for DC/DC Boost Converter
Authors: Afarulrazi Abu Bakar , Wahyu M.U. , Taufik Taufik , Aizam S. , Jumadril
Published: August 2015

This paper presents the design study of Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) for resonant dc/dc boost converter with M-type switch. Throughout the study, all parameters had been calculated in order to determine the parameter values of the converter and mathematical analyses had been performed. The simulation was performed using PSpice software. Through this process, all the parameters values can be determined for further design.
Impact of Inverter Controller on Efficiency and Islanding of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation
Authors: Mohammed Saidu Kumo , Mariun Norman , Mohd Radzi Mohd Amran , Abdul Wahab Noor Izzri
Published: August 2015

The increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) Distributed Generation (DG) systems in the electric power distribution system necessitates the development of power electronics inverter to interface the PV DG with the grid. The output parameters of the DG are determined by the inverter control strategy. An open-loop control (NCTRL) and two close-loop controls; Constant-Current Control (CCC) and Constant-Power Control (CPC) were considered for the inverter. The impact of inverter control techniques are compared based on power transformation efficiency and islanding behaviour of the DG. A grid-connected PV DG and the control techniques were simulated using MATLAB Simulink. A mathematical formulation of the inverter islanding voltage at the point of common coupling was driven and validated by simulation. Results indicated that a closed loop control of inverter is essential for maximum efficiency and stability of DG in post islanding
Investigation of Shading Characteristics of Mono-Crystalline and Poly-Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules Connected in Series
Authors: Teo Jin Chuan , Tan Rodney H.G. , Mok V.H.
Published: August 2015

This paper presents the investigation of partial shading characteristics of mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline photovoltaic module connected in series. Simulink models are developed to assist the investigation to determine the ideality factor for mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline photovoltaic module. Commercially available mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline photovoltaic module are used to extract measurable parameters for the model to study the behaviour of I-V curve. Measurements have been conducted for the investigation includingmono-crystalline only, poly-crystalline only, both unshaded, mono-crystalline shaded and poly-crystalline shaded. This paper contributes to the understanding of partial shading characteristics of different materials presence in photovoltaic string.
Cuckoo Search Algorithm in Loss Minimization via Capacitor Placement in Distribution System
Authors: Mokhtar Mohd Khairi , Mohd Zaid Nurzahirah , Musirin Ismail , Rahmat Nur Azzammudin
Published: August 2015

Improper placement of capacitor as one of the compensating devices will lead to under-compensation or over-compensation which may lead to possible monetary losses. Thus optimization process has become a priori to address this problem. This paper presents cuckoo search algorithm in loss minimization via capacitor placement in distribution system. Implementation of sensitivity analysis for location identification; followed by optimal sizing determination via cuckoo search is a remarkable effort for the compensating scheme. Validation on a reliability test model, namely the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system has indicated promising results. With the development of optimization engine, an attempt to assess its feasibility can be done through the implementation on larger test system. This is demonstrated by the simulation results, which revealed that cuckoo is feasible in ensuring loss has been minimized while maintaining voltage level within the acceptable range
Artificial Intelligence Based Technique for the Classification of Incipient Faults in Power Transformer
Authors: Zakaria Fathiah , Johari Dalina , Musirin Ismail
Published: August 2015

Power transformer has been identified as crucial and vital equipment in power system. Any disturbance such as faults will result in immense impact to the whole power system. This paper presents the development of an Evolutionary Programming (EP) – Taguchi Method (TM) – Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based technique for the classification of incipient faults in power transformer using Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) method based on historical industrial data. It involved the development of ANN model and embedding TM and EP as the optimization techniques in order to enhance the system accuracy and efficiency. ANN is a powerful computational technique that mimics how human brain process information. It has great ability to learn from experiences and examples, hence greatly suitable for classification, pattern recognition and forecasting purposes. In designing the ANN model, there are parameters which need to be chosen wisely. However, there is no systematic ways and guidelines to select the optimal ANN parameters. It is greatly dependent on the design knowledge and experiences of the experts. The process of finding suitable parameters is become difficult, tedious and time consuming, thus optimization technique is needed to overcome the shortcoming. In this study, TM and EP were employed as the optimization techniques to improve the ANN-based model. The findings obtained from the proposed technique have proved the effectiveness of both TM and EP in optimizing the ANN model. As a result, a reliable EP-TM-ANN based system has been successfully developed that can classify incipient faults in power transformer.
Design Optimization of Single Phase, Tubular, Linear Permanent Magnet Generator for Wave Energy Conversion System
Authors: Hamim M.A.F.M. , Ibrahim Taib , Mohd Nor Nursyarizal
Published: August 2015

This paper illustrates a design methodology to accomplish optimum performance for a single-phase, tubular, linear permanent magnet generator which drives linear motion of wave energy for Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) system application. It is shown that the linear generator performance can be optimized with respect to three leading dimension ratios. Existence of copper loss in the linear generator also can be reduced by performing the optimization process. Results for the linear generator efficiency, copper loss and output power are demonstrated and discussed are shown to be as expected.
Viscosity Reduction of Palm Oil via Ultrasonic Radiation
Authors: Yusof Siti Mariam , Hussin Nuriziani , Isa Muzamir
Published: August 2015

Insulation is one of the most important parts in the power transformer. Palm oil impregnated paper is investigated to replace the mineral oil impregnated paper due to the high viscosity of palm oil compared to the viscosity of the mineral oil. This paper discussed on ultrasonic radiation technique that was used to reduce the viscosity of the vegetable oil (palm oil) for transformer insulation application. The ultrasonic equipment produces 500W heating power, 240W ultrasonic power at a fixed frequency of 40 kHz. Ultrasonic radiation was applied on oil samples at 30 °C, 50 °C and 75 °C by using the sonicator water bath for several periods of time. The results show up to 42.6 % reduction from the original viscosity of palm oil and proved to have a long term effect on the viscosity of palm oil. The cavitation bubbles that occur in the sample during radiation is one of the mechanism in viscosity reduction.
Application of PDC Analysis to Identify Effect of Electrical Tracking on Conductivity of LLDPE-NR Nanocomposite
Authors: Jamail N.A.M. , Piah M.A.M. , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Kamarden Hanafiah , Kamarudin Qamarul Ezani
Published: August 2015

Polymeric nanocomposites are widely used for high voltage outdoor insulating application due to their good electrical performance. Recently, SiO2, TiO2 and MMT nanofillers are being used as filler because there are listed as main nanofiller commonly used in electrical engineering. Natural rubber (NR) was used because the nature of the interphase is found to affect viscoelasticity and it develops several interphases with the Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix. One of the problems associated with outdoor polymeric insulators is tracking of the surface which can directly influence the reliability of the insulator. This paper presents the outcome of an experimental study to determine the conductivity level of the LLDPE-NR compound, filled with different amount of SiO2, TiO2 and MMT nanofiller using Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) measurement technique. LLDPE and NR with the ratio composition of 80:20 were selected as a base polymer. Results show that different compositions as well as the surface physical conditions affect the PDC measurement results.
A Review on DSTATCOM Neural Network Control Algorithm for Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Baharudin N.H. , Syed Hassan Syed Idris , Saad Puteh , Tunku Mansur Tunku Muhammad Nizar , Ali Rosnazri
Published: August 2015

This paper reviews neural network control algorithm for power quality improvement. Further, this paper focuses on the neural network control algorithm for DSTATCOM and surveys its area of improvements. Various architectures of Neural Network such as Adaline/Widrow-Hoff, perceptron, Back-propagation (BP), Hopfield, and Radial Basis Function (RBF) that has been reviewed in this paper. It is found that many researches on theoretical works and single phase system are widely performed, whereas its application on distribution network for three phase system is hardly found. Even so much improvement that have been done by researchers theoretically to improve the drawbacks of Neural Network controller; there are still wide gaps for verification through experimental implementation and industrial applications.
Simulation of Power Quality Disturbances Using PSCAD
Authors: Chan Kok Wai , Tan Rodney H.G. , Mok V.H.
Published: August 2015

Power quality is becoming a concern in modern electrical network due to complexity of the system. To improve power quality, there needs to be analysis and research on complex power quality events systematically. Disturbances in distribution system, including sag/swell, transient, harmonic, voltage notch, and flicker that affect power quality are simulated in this research work. The comprehensive set of models are developed in PSCAD with minimum blocks and settings without compromising the essence of power quality events. This research work aims to introduce the power quality events to electrical engineering students, as well as reinforce understanding of power quality disturbances in distribution system through interactive simulation approach.
Estimation of Power System Harmonic Using Modified Normalized Least Mean Square
Authors: Alhaj H.M.M. , Nor N.M. , Asirvadam Vijanth S. , Abdullah M.F. , Ibrahim T.
Published: August 2015

A new adaptive power system harmonic estimator is presented, which is competent of tracking power system harmonic components. The proposed estimator technique is based on the normalized Least Mean Square (LMS), which is a stochastic gradient descent algorithm. The learning method of the proposed estimator is based upon the recursive estimate of the signal power, and is faster tracking of harmonic components as compared to the introduced Adaptive Linear Element (ADALINE).
Application of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Distribution Network Reconfiguration
Authors: Tajudin Aimi Idzwan , Abd Samat Ahmad Asri , Saedin Pais , Mohamad Idin Mohamad Adha
Published: August 2015

—Network reconfiguration is a process of changing the original structure of the distribution network system with the intention of balancing the load in every system’s feeder at the same time to optimize the operation of the system. The process involve the changing of switching state (tie switches and sectionalize switches), with the aim to find the best combination that can increase the performance of the system while satisfying with the operational constraints. The extreme necessity to the process has become a challenging mission for the researcher to overcome the reconfiguration problems. Recent years have seen a rapid development of evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence based algorithms to resolve for network reconfiguration problems. For that reason, this report deals with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm to be implemented in network reconfiguration procedure to achieve the optimum level of operation. The ease and simplicity of the algorithm and the capability to find the global optimization solution has made this algorithm appropriate for this project. The objective of this work focused on improvements of distribution power system, in terms of minimizing the total real power loss and improving the voltage profile within the acceptable value. The algorithm was tested on two different radial distribution system (33 bus and 69 bus radial distribution systems)
The Impact of Synchronous Distributed Generation (DG) on Distribution System
Authors: Mohamad Hasmaini , Shahbudin Shahrani , Dahlan Nofri Yenita
Published: August 2015

Interconnection of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution system presents many potential benefits as well as drawbacks. The impacts of DG might vary with the types of generator. This paper presents a study on the impacts of synchronous DG's interconnection in distribution system. Steady state analysis is carried out to analyze the impact of DG on voltage profile and short circuit current considering before and after DG interconnection. Dynamic analysis is also performed for investigating the performance of DG when a part of distribution system is being islanded. Results show that the penetration of DG contributes to the changes of power flow in the system, hence give impacts to the overall system performance.
Prediction of Undervoltage Load Shedding Using Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Programming-Support Vector Machine
Authors: Mat Yasin Zuhaila , Zakaria Zuhaina , Rahman Titik Khawa Abdul
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a new technique to predict the optimal amount of load to be shed at various loading conditions using Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Programming–Support Vector Machine (QIEP-SVM). QIEP is utilised to optimise the RBF Kernel parameters in Least-Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM). The objective of the optimisation is to minimise the mean square error (MSE). The performance of QIEP-SVM technique was compared with those obtained from LS-SVM technique with prediction accuracy through a 10-fold cross-validation procedure. All simulations in this study were carried out using IEEE 69-bus distribution test system. QIEP-SVM model had shown better prediction performance as compared to LS-SVM. The results also indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the most recently reported technique in terms of accuracy and fast computation time.
Total Harmonic Distortion Assessment of 17kWp Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Faranadia Abdul Haris , Omar Ahmad Maliki
Published: August 2015

This paper presents prediction of total harmonic distortion (THD) on Grid Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) power systems towards Malaysia climate variations (solar irradiance) by using Mathematical approach. The actual and prediction data measurement were analyzed on three types of solar cell technologies; monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin film. Each PV array works with different types of inverters which are located at Green Energy Research Center (GERC), University of Technology MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Selangor. The prediction and detail analysis of total harmonic distortion is carried out by using MathCAD software. The results obtained show good agreement between prediction and actual data.
A Phase Shifting Technique for Harmonic Reduction in Modern Electrical Distribution Systems
Authors: Saedin Pais , Idzwan Tajudin A. , Abd Samat Ahmad Asri , Ishak Nurul Huda , Mohamad Idin Mohamad Adha
Published: August 2015

A conventional electrical distribution system are not designs to deal with harmonics because at that time the linear load conquer the consumer demand. Over the years with growing use of nonlinear load such as personal computer can contribute to harmonics current occur on electrical distribution system. With the presence of harmonics current on electrical distribution system leads in degradation of system performance. Therefore necessary actions are needed in order to minimize harmonics effect. The predominant harmonics should be eliminated from electrical distribution system such as 5th and 7thof harmonics current component. The eliminating process is achieved by implementing the current phase shifting technique on new concept of modern electrical distribution system at Makmal Komputer 3, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UiTM Pulau Pinang.
Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization in Solving Fuzzy Economic Dispatch with Multiple Fuel Options
Authors: Rahmat Nur Azzammudin , Musirin I. , Abidin Ahmad Farid , Jumaat Siti Amely
Published: August 2015

Economic load dispatch is an important energy planning process. In order to maximize profit, proper analysis must be conducted by the utilities to reduce the operating cost. It includes the correct selection of fuel type with respect to the required output level as different fuel type will have different price signals. Usually, a piecewise quadratic function is used to represent the multiple fuel options. In this paper, fuzzy-based technique is proposed to select the suitable fuel type. The tests involve IEEE 57-Bus system with 7 generators. The economic load dispatch with a multi-fuel problem is also optimized by using DEIANT algorithms to compute the feasible operating cost and minimizing the power loss.
An Efficient Constraint Handling Approach for Economic Load Dispatch Problem with Non-Smooth Cost Function
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Noor , Bakar A.H.A. , Mokhlis Hazlie , Jamian Jasrul Jamani
Published: August 2015

Increasing of the power demand and fuel cost in power generation required an advanced algorithm for scheduling the output of generating unit in economical manner. The economic load dispatch problem (ELD) problem consists several operational and system constraints such as prohibited operating zones (POZs) and ramp-rate limit that need to handle wisely by optimization algorithm. Previously, the penalty function is widely used to satisfy the power balance and other constraints by augmenting the objective function with the penalized function. However, it required a proper penalty factor tuning and depends on the size of problem. This paper proposes an efficient constraint handling based on the repairing or adjusting infeasible solution into feasible solution in every iterative process. The simulation results show that the proposed constraints handling approach is better than penalty function approach in term of convergence characteristic and robustness.
Comparison of SVC and TCSC Installation in Transmission Line with Loss Minimization and Cost of Installation via Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Jumaat Siti Amely , Musirin Ismail
Published: August 2015

The paper presents a comparison of performance Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) with objective function to minimize the transmission loss, improve the voltage and monitoring the cost of installation. Simulation performed on standard IEEE 30-Bus RTS and indicated that EPSO a feasible to achieve the objective function.
Optimal Daily Configuration of a Distribution Network Based on Photovoltaic Generation and System Loading Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm and Selection Approach
Authors: Ing K.G. , Mokhlis Hazlie , Illias Hazlee Azil , Jamian Jasrul Jamani , Aman Muhammad Mohsin
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a new method to determine the best configuration for a distribution system for a day considering Photovoltaic (PV) generation and load profile. In the first part, the hourly optimal configuration for a day is obtained by using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and in second part; a selective approach based on minimum total daily power loss is used to select the optimal daily configuration. The proposed method is validated on IEEE 33 bus test system.
Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) Using Modified Evolutionary Strategy for Cost Minimization
Authors: Aznan Ahmad Syazwan , Musirin Ismail , Mohd Saleh Siti Aliyah , Rahmat Nur Azzammudin
Published: August 2015

Recently, renewable energy has been in place to cater the depreciation of main energy. The presence of renewable energy sources can be made in hybrid to satisfy the demand in the distribution system. Nevertheless, the growth in number for renewable energy could lead to cost increment. This paper presents the optimization process of Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) using Modified Evolutionary Strategy (ES) technique for cost minimization. The study involves the development of optimization engine for modified ES in order to solve the cost minimization of HRES. The improved version of ES is expected to address the computation burden experienced by the traditional ES technique. Results obtained from the implementation of the modified ES managed to reveal that its implementation is worth in terms of minimizing the cost
Passing-Cloud Effects of Solar Photovoltaic System on Distribution Network Voltages
Authors: Lau Cheiw Yun , Gan Chin Kim , Tie Chin Ho , Baharin Kyairul Azmi , Sulaima Mohamad Fani
Published: August 2015

The introduction of Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme has prompted an increasing number of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems installations in Malaysia. As a consequence, the network issues related to the PV systems integration need to be properly addressed. This includes the effect of solar irradiance intermittency which is caused by the passing-clouds. In this regard, this paper investigates the effect of passing-cloud on a standard IEEE 4 node test feeder, focusing on short term voltage drop analysis. Actual five-minute interval PV generation data in Melaka, Malaysia was used in the analysis. The network was analyzed by using the well-knownOpenDSStool. The network voltage impact of different PV penetration levels were investigated on both sunny and cloudy days. The results show that temporal voltage drop could occur on the network when there is a sudden drop of PV generation driven by passing-cloud. The percentage of voltage drop recorded was observed to be proportionate to the increment of PV penetration levels.
Statistical Moments Approach in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Performance Evaluation
Authors: Juhari M.B.M. , Samizee A. , Azrulhisham E.A. , Nizam S.
Published: August 2015

Solar energy is considered as one of the solution to the worldwide depletion of fossil fuel resources as well as the economic alternatives in protecting the atmosphere from the adverse consequences of global warming. Nevertheless solar power is often criticized because the output power generated is variable and virtually uncontrollable. Potential analysis on introduction of photovoltaic system at particular site however requires the knowledge of solar irradiance and photovoltaic power distributions. This paper will focus on the possibility in applying statistical moments approach in solar irradiance and photovoltaic power distribution evaluation. Applying the first to forth statistical moments, the density function approximation of the parameters from 5MW grid connected Photovoltaic system were evaluated using the Pearson system. This method is based on the relationship between the first four moments of the distribution where the probability distribution is estimated by equating their theoretical moments with the moments of empirical distributions. Application of various statistical moments has the advantage in estimating the potential of photovoltaic system in view of dynamic changes of skewness and kurtosis coefficients of solar power irradiance distributions.
Voltage Control Strategies for Active Distribution Networks with Multiple Distributed Energy Resources - A Survey
Authors: Zhou Jian Hua , Xu Tao , Wang Xiao Xue , Li Tian Chu , Lin Jun
Published: August 2015

With the growing penetration of distributed energy resources on the network the operation regime has been changed from passive to active which brings a number of impacts to the network including voltage control, power flow management and protection issues etc. As one of the dominant impact, the voltage control strategy has become a key enabling technology for the deployment of renewable energy systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review on voltage control for active distribution networks, the efficiency and practicability have been studied in details.
Modelling Adjusted Baseline Energy in an Office Building Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Rahman F.M.A. , Dahalan Nofri Yenita , Razali Nor Shahida
Published: August 2015

This paper proposes Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to determine adjusted baseline energy for quantifying energy savings from an energy efficiency program implemented in an office building. The input data to the ANN includes number of working days and cooling degree days (CDD) each month for one year period before implementation of the retrofitting program. On the other hand, output data is baseline energy use (i.e. energy use before retrofit). Since the input data to the network encompasses of 36 months set of data only, Bootstrap method is used to generate more input data without changing the input and output trend of the original data set. This is performed to increase validity of the training process. Once the optimum training parameters have been obtained, adjusted baseline energy is determined by feeding the number of working days and CDDs in the post-retrofit period (i.e. 12 months set of data) to the network. Energy savings is then calculated by comparing the adjusted baseline energy with the energy use after implementing the retrofit program. The performances of the ANN model are then compared with Multi-regression technique in term of R2, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD). Results show that the proposed ANN model has smaller errors and R2 closer to one compare to Multi-regression technique.
Correlation of Electrical Resistivity and SPT-N Value from Standard Penetration Test (SPT) of Sandy Soil
Authors: Hatta Khairul Anwar , Syed Osman Syed Baharom Azahar
Published: August 2015

In general practice, soil investigation (SI) incorporating bore hole sampling produced the most reliable value of the relevant soil parameters for the purpose of actual calculation on factor of safety (FOS) in slopes even tough time consuming and very expensive. Assessments of slope stability using electrical parameters have least been research by many scholars due to non-destructive and very sensitive and it is attractive tool for describing the subsurface properties of the slope without disturbing the physical characteristic of the soil. The method has been applied in various contexts like groundwater exploration, agronomical management by identifying areas of excessive or soil horizon thickness and bedrock depth. This paper investigates the relationship between electrical resistivity and SPT-N values of sandy soils. The research work consists of field resistivity surveys, soil boring and soil characterization tests. Field survey included 1D vertical electrical sounding (VES) and SPT method in obtaining SPT-N value. The test being conducted on 3 different areas and 11 sandy soil sample with electrical, physical soil characterization data which being used for least-squares regression method. In this part of the study, correlations of electrical resistivity with SPT values of soil were assessed. The findings showed good correlation between the resistivity and soil properties. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility usage of electrical resistivity survey as an alternative to standard penetration test SPT is possible.
Reliability Model for Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) Based on Redundancy Concept
Authors: Mohd Amin Nur Huda , Ab Ghani Mohd Ruddin , Jidin Auzani , Zanariah Jano
Published: August 2015

This paper presented a reliability model for Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) based on redundancy concept. The redundancy concept discusses the serial and parallel reliability model for Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). RTU works on the success of reliability model. The reliability performance is measured by tracking the diverse sorts of failures alongside the quantity of failures that is accumulated by a RTU. The reliability model was evaluated based on reliability distributions namely Exponential, Binomial, and Poisson reliability distributions.
Power Consumption Optimization Technique in ACS for Space Time Trellis Code Viterbi Decoder
Authors: Abu Mohd Azlan , Harun Harlisya , Harmin Mohammad Yazdi , Abdul Wahab Noor Izzri
Published: August 2015

To provide fast digital communications systems, energy efficient, high-performance, low power is critical for decoding mobile receiver device. This paper proposes a low power optimization techniques in the Add Compare Select (ACS) unit for Space Time trellis codes (STTC) Viterbi decoder. STTC Viterbi decoder is used as a reference case. This paper discusses about how to lower the power in the ACS architecture, to optimize the Viterbi decoder STTC in reducing the total power consumption. Based on the results of design and analysis, power consumption Viterbi decoder modeling, low power system for STTC Viterbi decoder is proposed. Design and optimization of ACS unit in STTC Viterbi decoding is done using Verilog HDL language. Power analysis tools in the software Altera Quartus 2 is used for the synthesis of total system power consumption. Optimization strategy showed an increase of 83% power reduction compared to previous studies.
Analysis the Condition of RazakSAT Based on Attitude Sensor of Atttitude Determination System Data
Authors: Hasan Mohd Zamri , Yaacob Sazali , Ahmed Amran , Yaakob Shamshul Bahar , Idris Muhd Hafizi , Md Said Md Azlin
Published: August 2015

Attitude determination system (ADS) is a process to control the orientation of the satellite to make sure that the orientation is relative to inertial references frame such as Earth. ADS is consists of mathematical algorithm and sensor as a references measurement to determine attitude of satellite. Since RazakSAT in the orbit, the sensor such as sun sensor, magnetometer and gyroscopes are used to control angular rotation and prevent high spin rates that can damage the satellite. This paper presents the analysis on sensor of attitude determination system based on RazakSAT data. Matlab was used to analyze the X,Y and Z axis of the sensor to determine the condition of the satellite.
Ant Colony Optimization Technique in Optimal Capacitor Placement and Sizing Problem in Unbalanced Electrical Distribution System
Authors: Yahya Mohd Ainor , Othman Muhammad Murtadha , Abdul Razak Muhd Azri , Zakaria Zilaila , Musirin Ismail , Kari Mat Nasir , Osman Mohd Fazli , Abu Hassan Mohd Zaini , Mohd Dzin Siti Habsah , Azrae Baihaki , Wan Ismail Wan Shazli , Salleh Mohd Hisham , Jafar Shaharani , Othman Mohammad Lutfi
Published: August 2015

The optimal capacitor placement problem involves determination on the type, number, location and size of capacitors to be placed in a distribution system for the attainment of energy efficiency. The main objectives of the capacitors placement and sizing are to reduce total line loss and energy consumption while satisfying the operational constraints. This paper presents the optimal capacitor placement and sizing problems solved by using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique with the integrated of circuitry unbalanced electrical distribution modeled in SIMULINK®MATLAB®software. The proposed technique was tested on a modified IEEE 13-bus unbalanced radial distribution system and the results revealed that the proposed technique has the merit in achieving optimal solution for addressing the problems.
Optimum Substation Placement and Feeder Routing Using GA-MST
Authors: Hasan Ihsan Jabbar , Ab Ghani Mohd Ruddin , Gan Chin Kim
Published: August 2015

Distribution system as an important division of the electric power system as one of the most complicated systems created by the mankind. The problem of distribution system planning is to find the optimum location and sizing of the substation and the optimum feeder configuration to connect the consumers to the distribution substation and distribution substation to the primary substations. This paper proposes an algorithm to find the optimum distribution substation placement and sizing by utilizing the GA algorithm and optimum feeder routing using modified MST. The proposed algorithm has performed on distribution network model with 250 consumers form MV to LV levels. The result indicates that proposed algorithm is able to achieve the optimum number of substation in adequate placement and sizing with optimum feeder routing. The problem constraints of distribution network planning are considered as a part of objective function.
Charge Balancing Control for an Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter with Multiple Paired-H-Bridges
Authors: Tan Yee Chyan , Syed Hassan Syed Idris , Ong Siok Lan , Leong Jenn Hwai
Published: August 2015

Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter (MLI) is among the most preferred topology in solar PV systems. While traditional asymmetric CHB MLI is easy to achieve higher number of output voltage levels compared to traditional symmetric CHB MLI, charge balancing between the voltage sources remains a challenge for asymmetric CHB MLI. This drawback results in unsteady DC voltage levels due to unbalanced power drawn from each voltage sources. Besides that, in battery powered applications, unbalanced power drawn results in unequal discharged in the batteries. In this paper, an asymmetric CHB MLI topology is proposed which is easier to modularize as for symmetric CHB MLI while maintaining the ease in charge balancing control. The performance of this proposed asymmetric CHB MLI with charge balance control has been evaluated using PSIM software.
The emerging Jewish views of the messiahship of Jesus and their bearing on the question of his resurrection
Authors: Mishkin David
Published: August 2015

This article surveys the beliefs of Jewish scholars who have written about the historical Jesus. Specifically, it explores the modern Jewish scholarship on the person and role of the Messiah and how this relates to the study of the resurrection of Jesus. Many of the traditional beliefs about the messiah preclude a discussion of the resurrection of Jesus. However, with more understanding of the background of Second-Temple Judaism, many long-held beliefs about the messiah are being re-evaluated. The three main issues discussed in this article are the concept of a pagan messiah, the death of the messiah and the possibility of a divine messiah.
Molecular cloning and characterization of porcine interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 5
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Shao Si-yu , Li Li-zu , Liu Di , Yang Xiu-qin
Published: August 2015

Zhang, J., Shao, S.-y., Li, L.-z., Liu, D. and Yang, X.-q. 2015. Molecular cloning and characterization of porcine interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 5. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 551–556. Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) family members play important roles in host defense against viral infection. In the present study, the complete coding sequence (CDS) of porcine IFIT5 gene was cloned using molecular biology techniques, and the genomic structure was determined using the bioinformatic method. The porcine IFIT5 is located on chromosome 14 containing 2 exons. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the transcripts of IFIT5 gene were unevenly distributed in all tissues studied, including heart, bladder, liver, large intestine, spleen, small intestine, lung, kidney, stomach, muscle, and lymph. Only one synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism was found in the complete CDS except for the first five nucleotides. IFIT5 is induced by poly(I:C) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as revealed by using dual-luciferase analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR methods. Furthermore, ectopic expression of porcine IFIT5 had no effect on the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) significantly (P>0.05), suggesting it might not be a regulator of IRF3 signaling pathway.
Value Theory
Authors: Orsi Francesco
Published: August 2015

What is it for a car, a piece of art or a person to be good, bad or better than another? In this first book-length introduction to value theory, Francesco Orsi explores the nature of evaluative concepts used in everyday thinking and speech and in contemporary philosophical discourse. The various dimensions, structures and connections that value concepts express are interrogated with clarity and incision.

Orsi provides a systematic survey of both classic texts including Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Moore and Ross and an array of contemporary theorists. The reader is guided through the moral maze of value theory with everyday examples and thought experiments. Rare stamps, Napoleon's hat, evil demons, and Kant's good will are all considered in order to probe our intuitions, question our own and philosophers' assumptions about value, and, ultimately, understand better what we want to say when we talk about value.
Comparison of ozone retrievals from the Pandora spectrometer system and Dobson spectrophotometer in Boulder, Colorado
Authors: Herman J. , Evans R. , Cede A. , Abuhassan N. , Petropavlovskikh I. , McConville G.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. A comparison of retrieved total column ozone (TCO) amounts between the Pandora #34 spectrometer system and the Dobson #061 spectrophotometer from direct-sun observations was performed on the roof of the Boulder, Colorado, NOAA building. This paper, part of an ongoing study, covers a 1-year period starting on 17 December 2013. Both the standard Dobson and Pandora TCO retrievals required a correction, TCOcorr = TCO (1 + C(T)), using a monthly varying effective ozone temperature, TE, derived from a temperature and ozone profile climatology. The correction is used to remove a seasonal difference caused by using a fixed temperature in each retrieval algorithm. The respective corrections C(TE) are CPandora = 0.00333(TE-225) and CDobson = -0.0013(TE-226.7) per degree K. After the applied corrections removed most of the seasonal retrieval dependence on ozone temperature, TCO agreement between the instruments was within 1 % for clear-sky conditions. For clear-sky observations, both co-located instruments tracked the day-to-day variation in total column ozone amounts with a correlation of r2 = 0.97 and an average offset of 1.1 ± 5.8 DU. In addition, the Pandora TCO data showed 0.3 % annual average agreement with satellite overpass data from AURA/OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and 1 % annual average offset with Suomi-NPP/OMPS (Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership, the nadir viewing portion of the Ozone Mapper Profiler Suite).