bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Exercise on School Life Satisfaction in Korean Children and Adolescents Considering the Mediation Effects of Physical Health Awareness, Self-Esteem, and Depression
Authors: Bae Myeong-Hun
Published: December 2023

Background: This study analyzed physical health awareness, self-esteem, and depression as mediation factors in the effect of exercise on school life satisfaction. It compared these between Korean children and adolescents.
Methods: Based on the 2020 Survey on the Human Rights of Children and Adolescents in Korea, data were extracted on 2,896 children in grades 4 to 6 and 5,727 adolescents in grades 7 to 12. A structural equation model was designed and multi-mediation analysis was conducted using phantom variables. To verify the differences between children and adolescents, latent means, path coefficients, and mediating effect confidence intervals were analyzed.
Results: Structural modeling and bootstrapping revealed that the direct and indirect paths were significant in both groups (P<0.01). Comparing the mean differences, children showed higher means than adolescents did in all variables. Among the direct paths, the paths of physical health awareness from exercise practice and school life satisfaction from physical health awareness were higher in adolescents (P<0.01), and the path of school life satisfaction from exercise practice was higher in children (P<0.01). The indirect paths showed that the mediating effect of health awareness between exercise and school life satisfaction was stronger among adolescents.
Conclusion: Physical and mental health directly and indirectly affect school life satisfaction, with different patterns in children and adolescents. This study emphasizes the need for different strategies for children and adolescents who are experiencing physical and mental health problems and difficulties adjusting to school life.
Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk: Are the Mediterranean Diet, the Heart-Healthy Diet, and Phytochemicals Associated with Lower Cardiovascular Risks?
Authors: Bakırhan Hande , Irgat Serap İncedal
Published: December 2023

Background: Dietary pattern may be one of the determinants of cardiovascular health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between a heart-healthy diet, the phytochemical content of a diet, and Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks.
Methods: This study was conducted with healthy volunteers (n=1446) from Turkey between August 2022 and September 2022. As risk assessment systems to determine CVD risks, SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) and ASCVD (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease) were used. We utilized MEDFICTS (Meats, Eggs, Dairy, Fried foods, Fat in Baked Goods, Convenience Foods, Fats Added at the Table, and Snacks) to establish the suitability of the current diet for heart health, and MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) to examine the Mediterranean diet characteristics of the current diet. The phytochemical content of the diet was determined using the Phytochemical Index method developed by McCarty.
Results: The lifetime and 10-year risk scores of SCORE and ASCVD were positively correlated with the MEDFICTS score (r=0.12, P<0.001; r=0.06, P=0.020; r=0.10, P=0.001, respectively). Mediterranean diet characteristics were correlated with lower CVD risk as per the SCORE categories (r=-0.07, P=0.009). A one-unit increase in MEDFICTS scores increased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 1.01 times, while a one-unit increase in the Mediterranean diet score decreased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 0.91 times and 0.95 times, respectively. In addition, high values of body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and neck circumference were associated with higher CVD risk (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Adopting a Mediterranean diet and a heart-healthy diet may be a good strategy to reduce CVD risks.
Expression Profiling of ADAMTS (L) Superfamily of Genes in Various Human Eye Tissues
Authors: Suri Fatemeh , Biginaloo Abdullah , Ghadimi Mehdi , Banadaki Hossein Dehghan , Paylakhi Seyyed Hassan , Kanavi Mozhgan Rezaei
Published: December 2023

Background: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a superfamily of extracellular proteinases found in both mammals and invertebrates. Although there is some evidence about the role of ADAMTSs in ocular diseases such as glaucoma and ectopia lentis, but there is little information about the expression patterns of ADAMTS-1-20 and ADAMTS-like (ADAMTSL-1-6 and PAPLN) genes in human ocular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profiling of ADAMTS(L) superfamily of genes in different ocular tissues based on age.
Methods: In 2019, nine human donated eye globes were provided from the Central Eye Bank of Iran, and were divided into three different groups based on age (under 3 yr old, between 20 to 50 and upper 50 yr old). To assess expression patterns of ADAMTS(L) genes in different ocular tissues including trabecular meshwork, lens, retinal pigment epithelium, macula, and optic nerve in the three age groups, total RNA was extracted from the tissues and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction followed by Real-time PCR was performed.
Results: We demonstrated not only each member of ADAMTS(L) superfamily shows different expression pattern between the five investigated ocular tissues, but also some members have differential expressions among the investigated age groups in same tissues.
Conclusion: Differential expression of ADAMTS(L) genes in ocular tissues from different age groups could explain some functional aspects of the tissues and also may be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for ocular diseases and pathologies. Further studies are required to explore their functional roles associated with ocular pathologies.
The Dilemma of Underutilized Health Insurance: A Matched Case-Control Study Investigating Reasons in Iran’s Free Universal Health Insurance
Authors: Khatooni Elham , Ahmadnezhad Elham , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Majdzadeh Reza
Published: December 2023

Background: In May 2014, the Iranian government announced it would cover all uninsured Iranians. Despite free-of-charge insurance, the studies found that the coverage still needed to be completed (93%). This study aimed to understand why certain population groups remain without insurance despite the accessibility of free-of-charge coverage. This issue is not unique to Iran; it is prevalent in many other countries where, despite free coverage, not all individuals avail themselves of it, thereby exposing themselves to risks.
Methods: In a matched case-control study, 89 non-insured patients were compared with 178 hospital-based controls with health insurance (2:1). The samples were recruited at one of the leading public hospitals in the country (Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran) in 2019. Two insured controls were selected and matched for age (± five years) and sex for each person without insurance. A conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the magnitude of effects and the goodness of fit test used to examine the model.
Results: Unemployment (Odds Ratio (OR)=8.33, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.05-50.0), being single (OR=3.69, CI: 1.18-11.55), low economic status (OR=1.85, CI: 1.02-3.33) and attitude towards performance of health insurance (OR=0.86, CI: 0.75-0.99) were affected not having health insurance.
Conclusion: Approaches that cover the entire population may struggle to ensure no one is left without needed services. There is a need for greater focus on vulnerable groups to achieve universal health coverage conscientiously. Moreover, improved services and education can positively shape public perceptions of insurance efficacy, affecting their enrollment choices.
CD19, ALDH18A1, and CACNA1G as Significant Hub Genes in End-Stage Osteoarthritis
Authors: Malakootian Mahshid , Gholipour Akram , Oveisee Maziar
Published: December 2023

Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the principal causes of chronic joint disease and may progressively engender disability in elderly individuals. The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and associated signaling pathways in end-stage osteoarthritis.
Methods: Differentially expressed messenger RNAs in the early and end stages of osteoarthritis were examined through gene expression omnibus 2R (GEO2R) in the GSE32317 dataset. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted. Furthermore, microRNAs targeting hub genes were investigated using the miRcode database. This study was conducted jointly at Bam University of Medical Sciences and Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center on October 2022.
Results: Differentially expressed data demonstrated downregulation in 134 genes and upregulation in 189 genes in end-stage knee osteoarthritis. The results of the enrichment and PPI analyses determined 4 end-stage knee osteoarthritis-related hub genes: IL-1B, CD19, CACNA1G, and ALDH18A1. The knee osteoarthritis-related key genes were involved in the Wnt signaling, B cell receptor signaling, calcium signaling, circadian entrainment, arginine and proline metabolism, axon guidance, and cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways. Additionally, the microRNAs targeting the 4 aforementioned genes were predicted.
Conclusion: The present study is the first to provide fresh insights into the potential therapeutic targets of key genes, namely CD19, CACNA1G, and ALDH18A1, differentially expressed in end-stage osteoarthritis and their relevant signaling pathways and interactive microRNAs.
Developing First Native Regression Equations to Predict of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Boys
Authors: Jalili Majid , Nazem Farzad , Qaragozlu Arian
Published: December 2023

Background: Cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong predictor of overall health and is considered a key physiological measure in health care settings. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is considered the gold standard for measuring CRF. Non-exercise VO2max regression equations provide a safe, simple and relatively accurate means of measuring CRF in the general population. This study aimed to develop first native regression equations to predict of CRF without exercise test in Iranian healthy boys.
Methods: Laboratory gold standard CRF and anthropometric variables were measured in 597 healthy boys (8-17 yr) in Hmadan City, Iran in 2019. Multiple regression analysis was used to generate CRF regression equations. Cross validation of the CRF regression equations was assessed using PRESS statistics, Pearson correlation, Bland-Althman plot and paired t-test.
Results: CRF regression equations based on age, body mass index, body fat and resting heart rate were developed (R2=0.602 – 0.639, SEE = 3.42 – 3.73 ml/kg/min). PRESS statistics show that, shrinkage of the R2 (0.04 – 0.06) and the increment of SEE (0.18 – 0.25 ml/kg/min) is minor. There was strong correlation (R =0.847–0.883, P<0.001) and no significant difference (min diff= 0.09–0.18 ml/kg/min, P>0.05) between measured and predicted CRF. The Bland-Altman plot illustrates the strong agreement between the two values.
Conclusion: We introduced simple and satisfactorily accurate CRF regression equations based in healthy boys. Prediction of CRF of the boys by regression equations would provide a simple tool for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in large studies including Iranian boys.
Human Dirofilariasis Infection in the Forehead: A Case Report
Authors: Mohammadkhani Mahsa , Abdi Navid , Sharifi-Sarasiabi Khojasteh
Published: December 2023

Human dirofilariasis is currently considered a zoonotic infection, a mosquito-borne disease caused by the filarial nematodes of dogs, mainly Dirofilaria repens and D. immitis. Human dirofilariasis has been reported from many parts of the world, including Africa, Australia, the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The climate of Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan province, Sothern of Iran, has favorable conditions for the growth and reproduction of different types of vector mosquitoes. A 20 yr old woman from Bandar Abbas, visited a surgeon where the presence of a nodule was diagnosed in the forehead. In histopathological examination, cross-sections of a worm surrounded by necrotic tissues were observed. By evaluating the sections, Dirofilaria sp. was the probable diagnosis. To our knowledge, in Iran, this is the first human dirofilariasis occurring in the forehead. Human cases of dirofilariasis need to be reported so that physicians could consider dirofilariasis in their differential diagnoses.
Does Electrical Brain Stimulation with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) Technique Reduce Blood Sugar in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Alipoor Ahmad , Mohammadi Rogayeh
Published: December 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
Frequency of Vancomycin and Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Chicken Raw Meat Samples
Authors: Afshar Davoud , Shakiba Reza , Haghi Fakhri , Zeighami Habib
Published: December 2023

Background: Enterococci are main normal microbial flora of both humans and animals and can survive in a diverse range of environments. These bacteria carry out aminoglycoside and vancomycin resistance genes and spread them in environment by many routs such as chicken meat products. The present study was aimed to determine the frequency of aminoglycoside and vancomycin resistant genes in Enterococcus species isolated from chicken meat specimens.
Methods: A total of 250 chicken raw meat specimens was prepared from slaughterhouses at Zanjan province, cultured at BHI broth and incubated at 37°C for 24h. The positive cultures were sub-cultured in blood agar plates and grown colonies identified using phenotypical and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards and PCR assays were performed to detect vanA, vanB, aph (2")1c, aph (2")1b, aph (2")1d, ant(3'), aph(3')IIIa, ant(4')1a, ant(6') and aac(6') genes.
Results: In total, 100 Enterococcus species isolated from 250 specimens and 35% of them belonged to E. faecalis and the others were E. faecium (65%). The prevalence of the vanA, vanB, aph (2")1c, aph (2")1b, aph (2")1d, ant(3'), aph(3')IIIa, ant(4')1a, ant(6') and aac(6') genes among the 100 Enterococcus species was 14%, 12%, 10%, 1%, 2%, 50%, 26%, 9%, 18% and 22%, respectively.
Conclusion: The current study revealed that the rate of antimicrobial resistance genes to aminoglycosides and vancomycin was worrying and health measurements in meat products industries must be performed to prevent spread of antimicrobial resistance elements among bacteria.
Antibiotics Resistance among Nosocomial Burkholderia cepacia Isolates Detected in Sebha, Libya
Authors: Shamsi Shamsi S. , Ahmad Khadija M. , Elzen Abdelkader A.
Published: December 2023

Background: B. cepacia complex (Bcc) is an emerging pathogenic organism that can cause many nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients. Inadequate laboratory facilities for B. cepacia complex detection and subsequently inappropriate treatment are considered a major cause for poor therapy outcomes.
Methods: This project was aimed to investigate phenotype production of ESBL, AmpC, and Carbapenemase among 47 B. cepacia complex isolated from different Sebha health care facilities.
Results: Our data showed that 44.68% were ESBL producers, 57.44% were AmpC producers, while only 29.78% produced carbapenemase. In this study, antibiotics susceptibility of Bcc isolates was variable, 100 % resistant to Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, 85 % resistant to sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim, 76 % resistant to Ticarcillin/clavulanic Chloramphenicol, 57 % to Ceftazidime, and 55 % to Tetracyclines, 44% to Ciprofloxacin and 31% to Meropenem.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that Bcc species have a higher resistance level attributed to several mechanisms. This high resistance needs careful antimicrobial prescribing regulations, and urgent implementation of infection prevention control is necessary.
The Frequency of Bacterial Pathogens of Mastitis and their Antibiotic Susceptibility in Saanen and Alpine Goats
Authors: Esmaeili Hossein , Shakeri Amir Pasha , Tajik Parviz , Hamedi Mona
Published: December 2023

Background: The purpose of Saanen and Alpine raising farms is milk production, so control of mastitis is essential. Antibiotic resistance among mastitis pathogens has been increased by long-time usage of antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to isolate bacteria from mastitis cases in Saanen and Alpine goats and to determine their antibiotic resistance.
Methods: Milk sample of 26 Saanen and 29 Alpine was cultured on microbiological media. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of Mycoplasma. Antibiotic resistance of the bacteria was tested by 12 antibacterial disks. Significant difference in resistance levels between Saanen and Alpine was assessed.
Results: Mycoplasma spp. was detected in 12.73% of samples. The isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (29.1%), Trueperella pyogenes (25.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.4%), Streptococcus agalactiae (9.1%), coagulase negative staphylococci (5.5%), and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (1.8%). The significant difference was observed in antibiotic resistance to amoxicillin which was higher in Alpine.
Conclusion: Accordingly using antibiotics more accurate and using antibiogram by clinician are necessary.
Zoliflodacin: A hope to treat antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2023

Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram negative diplococci which causess a sexually transmitted infection. N. gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes infection to the mucussecreting epithelial cells both in male and female. In 2017, the centre of disease control and World Health Organization published the list of global priority pathogens with denting therapeutic options, including antibiotic-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. During the covid-19 pandemic, excessive use of antibiotics led to raise of drug resistance. The infection is widespread and intractable. If this happens, more people will be left with an incurable infection which may cause serious health problems.
Results: We characterized zoliflodacin thoroughly. Here is discussed the clinical trials and side effects on human health by searching different keywords like “zoliflodacin”, “covid-19”, “clinical trials” from different data sources like Pub-Med, Google-Scholar, and Science-Direct. Zoliflodacin targets antibiotic-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Zoliflodacin is mainly known based on its therapeutic effects against N. gonorrhoeae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial type 2 topoisomerase with binding site in bacterial gyrase. Zoliflodacin is effective in treating gonococcal urogenital and rectal infection.
Conclusion: Antibiotic is the only option to treat N. gonorrhoeae. There is no vaccine available to treat gonorrhea. The new drug, zoliflodacin, specifically targets antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea and its is why researchers have studied this antibiotic from different point of views. In this study, we elaborate the discovery of zoliflodacin, its mechanism of action, the current clinical trials, and the effectiveness of zoliflodacin.
An Overview of Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infections and their Etiologies
Authors: Derakhshan-Nezhad Elahe
Published: December 2023

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are considered as one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality, worldwide. A wide variety of bacteria and viruses are responsible for the development of RTIs. Considering the importance of respiratory tract infections, this study aimed to provide an overview of the most important respiratory tract infections and inflammations of bacterial origin and their etiologies.
Results: A literature review was conducted to find original studies associated with respiratory infections. Articles that provided evidence on respiratory tract infections as well as their clinical manifestations and etiologies were included in this research.
Conclusion: Considering the importance and economic burden of respiratory tract infections as well as their diversity and widespread prevalence in different communities, it is necessary to implement preventive measures at the national level to control and deal with respiratory diseases with high prevalence in all age groups, in addition to observing the principles of health and hygiene.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Al-Wahda Hospital in Derna City/Libya
Authors: Abd Alqawi Abraheem Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is One of the most prevalent infectious diseases in human, where the study aimed to identify the most uropathogen that caused UTIs ,and its the antimicrobial resistance pattern.
Methods: the samples were collected from January and December 2021 using a standard data collection form, where the patient outcome records were mined for information on the patients' gender, age, isolated organisms, and susceptibility test results, then statistical analysis was done.
Results: 266 from 463 samples were identified as S. aureus 14.3% , in addition, the antibacterial resistance rats showed that the highest resistance was against ampicillin/Sulbactam, ceftazidine, and meropenem 79%, while, the lowest was against ciprofloxacin 40%.
Conclusion: The study showed that S. aureus is the primary cause of UTIs in Derna city, as a result of consuming antibiotics randomly, which resulted in an increase in spread and resistance of S. aureus.
Bacterial Agents and Antibiotic Resistance Profile in Pyelonephritis; A Comparison between Children with and without Urinary Tract Abnormalities in the North of Iran
Authors: Sorkhi Hadi , Esmaeilzadeh Niloofar , Hajiahmadi Mahmood , Hendizadeh Peyman , Pournajaf Abazar , Mohammadi Mohsen
Published: December 2023

Background: Pyelonephritis in children is a serious condition that is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Urinary tract abnormalities increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and consequently antibiotic resistance. Our study aimed to evaluate the local trend in terms of bacterial uropathogen resistance in Babol, Iran, in children with pyelonephritis considering urinary tract abnormalities.
Methods: We recruited pediatric cases aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to Amirkola hospital with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis from 2016 to 2019. Children with negative urine cultures or incomplete imaging were excluded from the study. Causative agents were identified based on biochemical features. Antimicrobial in vitro resistance tests were performed using the disk diffusion agar test.
Results: A total of 105 children were included in the study. E. coli was the most common causative agent found in 93 (88.6%) patients. Most of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to amikacin and imipenem, and only 12.4% and 13.3% of isolates were resistant to this antibiotic. On the other hand, nalidixic acid represented the least effective treatment, with a resistance rate of 88.6%. A statistically significant difference was observed in resistance to nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid between children with and without anomalies (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: High antibiotic resistance, especially in children with urinary tract anomalies, was identified for frequently used antibiotics. Our findings provide important implications regarding local patterns of uropathogens and antibiotic resistance in children with pyelonephritis.
PIN1 as a Predictive Biomarker for H. pylori Infection–Associated Gastric Cancer
Authors: Dermani Fateme Karimi , Sadeghi Hamid , Samiee-Rad Fatemeh , Gholamzadeh Khoei Saeideh
Published: December 2023

Cancer is now one of the major causes of death across the globe. Peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), has recently emerged as a critical factor in various cancers. Numerous studies have shown that PIN1 is highly expressed in several cancer types and is significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with a certain type of tumor such as gastric cancer. Meanwhile, some studies have indicated that infection with Helicobacter pylori significantly increases the risk of developing duodenal and gastric ulcer disease and gastric cancer. In this article, we propose that PIN1 can play a vital role in the prognosis of Helicobacter pylori infection-associated with peptic ulcer disease and can be effective in order to provide the best cure and the choice for treatment.
Genital Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Women on Contraception Monitored at the Bacteriology and Virology Laboratory of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital
Authors: Dieng Assane , Aidara Souleymane , Fall Amary , Diouf Ndeye Fatou , Ndiaye Serigne Mbaye Lo , Tine Alioune , Cisse Safietou Ngom , Diagne Habsa , Cisse Moustapha , Samb Marieme , Ndiaye Siny , Diop Djibril , Diallo Awa Ba , Ndiaye Halimatou Diop , Camara Makhtar
Published: December 2023

Background: Contraception is a strategy of choice for spacing births but also for avoiding early and unwanted pregnancies. However, through hormonal modification, this contraception constitutes a favorable state for the proliferation in the genital tract of agents responsible for vaginal infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of genital infections in women on contraception followed up at the bacteriology-virology laboratory of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital.
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted over a one-year period between January 2019 and December 2020. Microbial assessemnets were performed on genital secretions according to standard bacteriology laboratory procedures. Sociodemographic data and bacteriological examination results obtained were entered using File Maker Pro Advanced (version 16) software. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 20).
Results: This research studied 1771 women, of whom 1609 were on contraceptives. The most represented age group was over 40 years (27.06%). The majority of patients were women on oral contraceptives (32.07%). Women with secondary education (31.45%) and women with 1 to 3 children (43.03%) were most often on contraception. The germs most frequently detected in women on contraception were Gardnerella vaginalis (51.78%) and Candida albicans (24.19%) and the use of intrauterine device (IUD) as a means of contraception was statistically associated with vaginal infection (p=0.0004).
Conclusion: This study showed a high frequency of vaginal infections in women on contraception and that the intrauterine device was significantly associated with the occurrence of these infections.
Causes of Lamb Mortality in the Lacaune Sheep Breed in Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Hossein , Safari Mohammad Mahdi , Hamedi Mona
Published: December 2023

Background: Neonatal mortality is a significant multifactorial problem that affects flock productivity. Different infectious and non-infectious factors have been attributed to lamb losses. The objective of the present study was to identify the major causes of neonatal mortality.
Methods: In a 3-months period, 114 Lacaune breed lambs died of which 52 animals were lost with clinical signs of infection. Heart and lung samples were collected and transmitted to the laboratory. Microbiological cultures following biochemical tests were conducted to identify bacterial infection of the lambs.
Results: A total of 52 out of 114 lambs (45.6%) were infected with bacteria. The bacteria including Escherichia coli (30.8%), Proteus mirabilis (19.2%), Pasteurella multocida (1.5%), Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (7.7%), Mannheimia haemolytica (3.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.9%) were isolated. The role of the identified pathogens was more significant in lamb death compared to noninfection causes. Diarrhea was the most euoitcefni disease followed by septicemia and pneumonia. Escherichia coli was isolated significantly more than other bacterial agents (30.8%).
Conclusion: The present findings showed Escherichia coli as the most common pathogen leading to lamb losses in the first two weeks of life. ciieigyeiuet practice which encompasses both environment and milking equipment, periodical flaming, and providing dry and clean bedding can dramatically decrease the infection among uiobfeu animals. Reduction of the birth density and avoiding synchronization until the expert and labor capacity has reached the optimal level are necessary actions to reduce infectious diseases.
Biosynthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles of Capparis Spinosa Plant Extract and the it’s Investigation on Morhpophysiological Properties of the Moringa Olifera Plant
Authors: Khajeh Hamideh , Fazeli-Nasab Bahman , Mirzaei Ali Reza , Farzanfar Hadiseh
Published: December 2023

Background: The article aim was biosynthesis of zinc nanoparticles by the fruit and stem of Capparis Spinosa plant extract and the investigation of growth factors and some physiological properties of the M. Oleifera plant.
Methods: Four levels of zinc nanoparticles (0, 125, 250, and 500) ppm were considered as treatments. Water extract of the Capparis Spinosa plant were obtained using 10 grams of stem and fruit were separately dried. Some properties like below information were measured: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, Measurement of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids, total phenol, antioxidant activity, total protein and antioxidant enzymes. The data of this research were factorially conducted in the form of completely randomized blocks with three replications.
Results: The effect of zinc nanoparticles on growth parameters shows that the length and weight of the shoot and root are significant at the five percent probability level. Also, the length and dry weight of shoots and roots are significant at the five percent probability level. The effect of zinc nanoparticles on the concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carbohydrates is significant at the five percent probability level. The main effect of zinc nanoparticles on the amount of total phenol, flavonoid, and DPPH of the M. Oleifera medicinal plant was significant. The effect of stem and fruit extract of zinc nanoparticles on the amount of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and guaiacol oxidase enzymes.
Conclusion: The results showed that nano made from fruit and stem significantly increases root length, protein content and total phenol content, and activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Among Isolated Bacteria from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Forouzani Fatemeh , Sharifi Asghar , Mojarad Najmeh , Mohammadi Zahra , Shahriarirad Reza
Published: December 2023

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important health care issues with a major role in occurrence of nosocomial infections. Rise in antibiotic resistance rate by UTIs not only lead to morbidity and mortality, but also impose a remarkable financial burden on health care infrastructure. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of UTIs and identify common microorganisms responsible for infection and their antibiotic resistance profile in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Methods: In this perspective cross-sectional study, data from patients admitted to the ICU of two main referral hospitals in Yasouj, Southern-west Iran from 2015- 2016 was collected. Patients were selected in a subsequent manner and were asked to provide a midstream urine sample. Positive cultures were subsequently placed in differential culture medium for the diagnosis of the causative pathogen, while also evaluating with Muller Hinton Agar culture for antibiogram through disc diffusion method, to evaluate the pathogens sensitivity and resistance towards the tested antibiotics.
Results: Based on bacterial culture results among a total of 112 obtained urine samples, 100 (89.2%) were negative while 12 (10.8%) were positive, in which the majority were gram-negative (6.25%) and the most frequent pathogen was Escherichia coli (5.3%). All cases of UTI in our population were fully resistant to cephalexin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Also, all gram-negative cultures were sensitive to amikacin. There was also no significant association between the antibiogram results with age, gender, and gram results.
Conclusion: we report actual data on the resistance patterns of uro-pathogens in a public hospital in Iran. Escherichia coli showed a high prevalence among all UTIs with lower resistance rates to the antibiotics. Resistance to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were significantly lower than other oral antibiotics, making both a suitable and cheap alternative for the empirical treatment.
A Comprehensive Review of Herbal Recommendations with the Potential to Inhibit COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Khaledi Mansoor , Sameni Fatemeh , Amini-Khoei Hossein , Bakhtiari Mehran , Sedighimehr Najmeh , Fathi Javad , Ghiyasvand Maede , Mottaghiyan Zahra , Najafi Saina , Mohammadpour Pouneh , Shirzazd Zahra , Haghighatfard Azam , Validi Majid
Published: December 2023

Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has originated from Wuhan, China and rapidly spread all over the world. This disease is caused by a coronavirus termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly infects the human respiratory tract. Herbal agents including Atractylodes lancea, Ephedra, Curcumin, and Echinacea purpurea had immunomodulatory effects and antiviral activities on other respiratory viruses including Influenza virus. They strengthen the innate immunity through increasing the phagocytic activity and antiinflammatory activity. These herbs could be used as a complementary therapy to prevent entry of COVID-19 and improve immune system. This review delves into the role and therapeutic compounds of various herbal agents in relation to immunity, their effectiveness in treating other viral respiratory illnesses, and their potential influence on COVID-19 disease.
The mediating role of moral reasoning in spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors in Iranian emergency nurses
Authors: Amiri Raheleh , Gaeeni Mina , Tehran Hoda Ahmari
Published: December 2023

Moral reasoning is necessary to the nursing profession. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of moral reasoning in spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors among Iranian emergency nurses.
In this descriptive-analytical study structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed for the data analysis. the minimum required sample size determined by the number of parameters of the model was 18. Considering that 5 to 15 samples were required for each of the parameters; the required sample size was 272. Nurses working in the emergency department of all hospitals in Qom, Iran, were selected by convenience sampling. Demographic characteristics inventory, King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, Crisham’s Nursing Dilemma Test, and Wolf’s Caring Behaviors Inventory used for data collection. SPSS (V20) and Mplus were used to analyze the data.
The results showed that a significant direct relationship was observed between moral reasoning and caring behaviors. According to SEM results, direct and indirect effects were observed of spiritual intelligence on caring behavior It is therefore recommended managers and hospital officials pay meticulous attention to spiritual intelligence and the power of decision-making in nurses to improve their caring behaviors.
Access to health care for Afghan immigrants and refugees: an ethico-legal analysis based on the Iranian health law system
Authors: Khorramabadi Farzad Zakian , Moazzen Vahid , Parsapour Alireza , Takian Amirhossein , Mirshekari Abbas , Larijani Bagher , Gooshki Ehsan Shamsi
Published: December 2023

The right to health is an internationally recognized and established human right with a long history of appreciation, indicating that governments should guarantee the highest possible level of access to health and provide health-care serivces with no discrimination based on nationality, race, gender, language or religion. The present study explored this topic using an analytic-descriptive approach. We reviewed related laws, policies and other available documents with the aim to investigate the ethico-legal aspects of Afghan refugees' and immigrants' access to health care and the challenges in in this regard within the Iranian health law system.
 According to the results of this study, the Iranian health law could be interpreted to include all Afghan immigrants in the country’s public health system as a legal commitment. In addition, while basic and primary health coverage is available for all Afghan immigrants in Iran, provision of other medical and rehabilitative health services to documented and undocumented immigrants follow different methods.
In order to alleviate the current situation, we recommend strategies such as supporting policy changes intended to register undocumented immigrants, which naturally results in an increase in their access to health care.
Respecting patients’ rights in hospitals: patients’ and health-care workers’ perspectives
Authors: Moosavi Soolmaz , Mousavi Maryam Sadaat , Ahmadi Ayat , Mardani Amirhossein , Parsapoor Alireza , Gooshki Ehsan Shamsi
Published: December 2023

Considering the importance of respecting and observing patients’ rights, this study aimed to assess the level of observance of hospitalized patients’ rights from both patients’ and health-care workers' (HCWs) perspectives. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study reports the responses of 486 patients and 887 HCWs in a public referral university hospital. The study illustrates that patients and HCWs think patients’ rights are respected at a medium level; however, HCWs reported lower levels of respect for patients’ rights than patients, and senior HCWs reported even lower levels than their younger colleagues. Older patients and those hospitalized in internal medicine wards reported lower respect for autonomy and responsiveness, and patients’ companions reported lower levels of respect for patients’ rights than the patients themselves.
Ethical challenges raised by osteoporosis-related clinical trials
Authors: Mirahmad Maryam , Sajjadi-Jazi Sayed Mahmoud , Asghari Fariba , Larijani Bagher
Published: December 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
The ill-fated triad: Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill - Post-Yalta strokes and the impact on world leaders
Authors: Muharremi Eti , Vyshka Gentian
Published: December 2023

The Yalta Conference of 1945 brought together three of the most influential leaders of the 20th century: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill. Surprisingly, all three leaders would go on to suffer strokes after the conference. This manuscript examines the health status of these leaders during and after the Yalta Conference, the factors that contributed to their strokes (including the role of hypertension), and other modifiable risk factors present in each one of them, and the impact of their declining health on their countries and the world.
Roosevelt's demise, prior to the conclusion of the war, triggered a leadership transition during a critical moment in history, while Churchill and Stalin's passing shaped the early Cold War era. A veil of secrecy shrouded the health conditions of these pivotal leaders. “The Big Three” made considerable efforts to hide their health conditions from both the press and the public at large. Understanding the health of political leaders is crucial as it can affect their decision-making abilities and the course of history. The fates of Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill serve as important reminders of the potential consequences of poor health in the highest echelons of political power.
Young Workers with Disabilities and the Threat of Skill Traps Entering Job Opportunities
Authors: Ningsih Anik Kurnia Ningsih , Kukuh Arisetyawan  , Wenny Restikasari
Published: December 2023

More than one billion people or 15 percent of the world's population are people with disabilities. Participation of people with disabilities in the labor force is important to prevent a decline in overall labor force participation rates in the future. The threat of a "skill trap" befalls them, especially in the era of digitalization, where access to training is limited. With the higher cost of living, workforce accessibility for people with disabilities has become essential. The research aims to identify factors that influence the employment opportunities of young workers with disabilities, including marital status, education, gender, employment sector, number of household members, area of residence, and skills. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional research design was used to analyze secondary data from the 2022 National Labor Force Survey. Data analysis used binary logistic regression with the dependent variable being employment status, and independent variables covering the personal and family characteristics of the respondents. The variables include gender, age, education level, family type, parents' monthly income, parents' education and employment, employment sector, number of household members, and area of residence. Research shows that marital status, education level, gender, and employment sector have a significant positive influence on the employment opportunities of young workers with disabilities. However, the number of household members and area of residence have a negative influence on employment opportunities. Improving the skills of people with disabilities has a positive impact, emphasizing the importance of skills development in increasing their accessibility in the labor market.
Use of Sweet Mango Leaves (Mangifera indica) To Reduce Germs Colonies on Cutlery
Authors: Yati  , Sakriani  , Anwar M. Gundarto Abdullah , Nurlaeli Theresia Angelina Punene , Rahdatia Magvira S. Tarafannur  , Muhammad Syahril Umakaapa
Published: December 2023

According to WHO, the global death rate due to diarrhea in 2002 was 1.8 million people. Global morbidity rates due to PBM (Community Based Diseases) are very difficult to estimate. Apart from diarrhea, there are more than 250 types of diseases caused by consuming unsafe food. This study aims to determine the difference in average germ numbers before and after using soap made from mango leaf powder. This research is an experimental study with a pre-post design to determine the ability of dishwashing soap made from sweet fragrant mango leaves to reduce germ colonies. The population and sample in this study were cutlery in the form of spoons, glasses and plates, each consisting of 5 samples. Examination of the samples was carried out before and after using dish soap. Data is collected from an observation sheet which contains the number of germ colonies in each sample examined. Data were analyzed using the paired t test. This research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Integrated Health Polytechnic Laboratory of the Ministry of Health in Ternate. The results showed that the average germ number in the pre-test was 2454.44 ± 668.70, while in the post-test the average germ number was 1178.67 ± 249.61. The P value = 0.012 (< 0.05) indicates that there is a significant difference in the average number of germs before and after using soap made from mango leaf powder. The conclusion is that using soap made from mango leaf powder can significantly reduce the number of germs on the hands. This shows the potential of soap as an effective alternative in maintaining cleanliness and reducing the risk of spreading disease through hand contact.
Taşımalı Eğitim Uygulamasına İlişkin Paydaş Görüşleri
Authors: GAZİOĞULLARI Kezban , DEMİRTAŞ Hasan
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, taşımalı eğitim yapan ilkokul ve ortaokullarda yaşanan sıkıntıları tüm paydaşlar açısından araştırmaktır. Taşımalı eğitimin paydaşları olan öğrenci, öğretmen, idareci, veli ve servis şoförlerinin taşımalı eğitimle ilgili yaşadıkları sorunları ortaya çıkarmak için yapılan bu çalışmada durum belirlemeye dayalı nitel bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırmada araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Demografik özelliklerin tespiti için öğrenci, şoför ve velilere 3; öğretmen ve idarecilere 5 soru sorulmuştur. Taşımalı eğitim uygulamasıyla ilgili öğretmen, idareci ve öğrencilere 7’şer soru, şoförlere 4 soru, velilere 8 soru yöneltilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları 2021 – 2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Malatya ili Battalgazi İlçesindeki Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı taşıma kapsamında olan resmi ilkokul ve ortaokullardaki öğretmen, okul idarecisi, öğrenci, veli ve servis şoförlerinden oluşmaktadır. Bu okullar içinden Battalgazi ilçesinde taşımalı eğitim yapan bir ilkokul ve bir ortaokulda görev yapan 4 idareci ve 10 öğretmen, taşımalı eğitim alan 11 öğrenci, öğrencisi taşımalı eğitim alan 7 veli, 2 şoför olmak üzere toplam 34 kişiden amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmada veli ve öğrencilerin-bazı sıkıntılar yaşasalar da- taşımalı eğitimden memnun oldukları görülmüştür. Öğretmen ve idarecilerden bazıları taşımalı eğitimi desteklerken, bazılarının ise öğrenci için zor olduğunu düşündüklerinden taşımalı eğitimi desteklemedikleri belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen ve idareciler taşımalı eğitimin ekstra iş yükü ve sorumluluk getirdiğini dile getirmiştir. Şoförler ise en çok ücret ve iyileştirme konusunda sıkıntı yaşadıklarını ifade etmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlardan hareketle, taşımalı eğitimin yapıldığı okullarda çalışan öğretmen ve idareciler için özlük haklarında iyileştirmeler, okulun daha iyi işlemesi için okulun imkânlarının iyileştirilmesi, şoförler için ücret iyileştirmeleri, öğrenciler ve veliler için servislerde düzenlemeler yapılması önerilmiştir.
Caves, Karst Features and Speleological Heritage in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Parra Raphael , Pereira Ricardo Galeno Fraga de Araujo , Da Purificação Carlos Gleidson Campos
Published: December 2023

Chapada Diamantina is among the best known and most visited landscapes in Brazil. Located in the state of Bahia, Northeast region of the country, it is characterized by mountains and plateaus that developed on Proterozoic sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. Much of its territory is covered by carbonate and siliciclastic rocks, where relevant karst systems develop, marked by the occurrence of sinking streams, sinkholes, and caves with a great diversity of morphologies, speleothems, subterranean fauna, and paleontological and archaeological records. Relevant carbonate systems occur in Iraquara, such as the Lapa Doce, Torrinha, and Pratinha caves, which represent important tourist attractions. Also in these rocks, stand out the Brejões Cave, with a 106-m high entrance, and the Toca da Boa Vista, the largest cave in South America, extending across 114 km. Cultural manifestations are present in the prehistoric cave paintings at Santa Marta Shelter and recent religious pilgrimages at Mangabeiras Cave, in Ituaçu. In turn, siliciclastic karst systems are mainly in Serra do Sincorá. The Lapão and Castelo caves have expressive speleogens and speleothems, as well as the Torras Cave, in the Igatu region, ranked as the second largest in Brazil considering siliciclastic rocks.