bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s autonomy in healthcare decision-making and healthcare seeking behaviour for childhood illness in Ghana: Analysis of data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Budu Eugene , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Armah-Ansah Ebenezer Kwesi , Sambah Francis , Baatiema Linus , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The capacity of women to decide on their healthcare plays a key role in their health. In this study, we examined the association between women’s healthcare decision-making capacity and their healthcare seeking behaviour for childhood illnesses in Ghana.

Materials and methods

We used data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. A total sample of 2,900 women with children less than 5 years was used for the analysis. Data were processed and analysed using STATA version 14.0. Chi-square test of independence and binary logistic regression were carried out to generate the results. Statistical significance was pegged at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We relied on the ‘Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology’ (STROBE) statement in writing the manuscript.

Results

Out of the 2,900 women, approximately 25.7% could take healthcare decisions alone and 89.7% sought healthcare for childhood illnesses. Women who decided alone on personal healthcare had 30% reduced odds of seeking healthcare for childhood illnesses compared to those who did not decide alone [AOR = 0.70, CI = 0.51–0.97]. With age, women aged 45–49 had 69% reduced odds of seeking healthcare for childhood illnesses compared to those aged 25–29 [AOR = 0.31, CI = 0.14–0.70]. Women from the Northern and Upper West regions had 72% [AOR: 0.28, CI: 0.11–0.70] and 77% [AOR: 0.23, CI: 0.09–0.58] reduced odds of seeking healthcare for childhood illnesses respectively, compared to those from the Western region.

Conclusion

Ghanaian women with autonomy in healthcare decision-making, those who were older and those from the Northern and Upper West regions were less likely to seek healthcare for childhood illness. To reduce childhood mortalities and morbidities in Ghana, we recommend educating women such as those who take healthcare decisions alone, older women and women from deprived regions like the Northern and Upper West regions on the need to seek healthcare for childhood illnesses.
The herbivore’s dilemma: Trends in and factors associated with heterosexual relationship status and interest in romantic relationships among young adults in Japan—Analysis of national surveys, 1987–2015
Authors: Ghaznavi Cyrus , Sakamoto Haruka , Nomura Shuhei , Kubota Anna , Yoneoka Daisuke , Shibuya Kenji , Ueda Peter
Published: November 2020

Background

It has been suggested that an increasing proportion of young adults in Japan have lost interest in romantic relationships, a phenomenon termed “herbivorization”. We assessed trends in heterosexual relationship status and self-reported interest in heterosexual romantic relationships in nationally representative data.

Methods

We used data from seven rounds of the National Fertility Survey (1987–2015) and included adults aged 18–39 years (18–34 years in the 1987 survey; sample size 11,683–17,675). Current heterosexual relationship status (married; unmarried but in a relationship; single) was estimated by sex, age group and survey year, with singles further categorized into those reporting interest vs. no interest in heterosexual romantic relationships. Information about same-sex relationships were not available.

Results

Between 1992 and 2015, the age-standardized proportion of 18-39-year-old Japanese adults who were single had increased steadily, from 27.4 to 40.7% among women and from 40.3 to 50.8% among men. This increase was largely driven by decreases in the proportion of married women aged 25–39 years and men aged 30–39 years, while those in a relationship had increased only slightly for women and remained stable for men. By 2015, the proportion of single women was 30.2% in those aged 30–34 years and 24.4% in those aged 35–39 years. The corresponding numbers for men were 39.3% and 32.4%. Around half of the singles (21.4% of all women and 25.1% of all men aged 18–39 years) reported that they had no interest in heterosexual romantic relationships. Single women and men who reported no interest in romantic relationships had lower income and educational levels and were less likely to have regular employment compared to those who reported such an interest.

Conclusions

In this analysis of heterosexual relationships in nationally representative data from Japan, singlehood among young adults had steadily increased over the last three decades. In 2015 around one in four women and one in three men in their thirties were unmarried and not in a heterosexual relationship. Half of the singles reported no interest in romantic relationships and these women and men had lower income and educational levels and were less likely to have regular employment.
Body composition in nonobese individuals according to vitamin D level
Authors: Jonasson Thaísa Hoffmann , Costa Tatiana Munhoz da Rocha Lemos , Petterle Ricardo Rasmussen , Moreira Carolina Aguiar , Borba Victória Zeghbi Cochenski
Published: November 2020

Obesity is associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels, but the association between 25OHD deficiency and specific body composition (BC) patterns remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between 25OHD levels and BC in a population of healthy, nonobese individuals. Cross-sectional, observational study including a convenience sample of community-dwelling healthy individuals aged ≥18 years who responded to a study advertisement and were randomly selected. The participants filled out a questionnaire and had fasting blood drawn and anthropometric indices taken. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was performed for BC analysis (fat and lean body mass). The subjects were divided according to 25OHD levels into three groups: I (≤20 ng/mL, vitamin D deficient), II (>20 and <30 ng/mL, vitamin D insufficient), and III (≥30 ng/mL, vitamin D sufficient). Of 299 individuals selected, 51 were excluded, yielding a final sample of 248 (128 women) who had serum 25OHD levels measured. Women presented higher 25OHD levels than men (27.8±12.0 ng/mL and 24.8±11.3 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.03). Including both sexes, Group I had greater body mass index (BMI; 26.6±2.5 kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC; 91.8.8±9.1 cm) compared with the other groups. Group I also had 75.7% and 65.3% of abnormal BMI and WC values, respectively, (p<0.05 for both) and a higher percentage of trunk and android fat confirmed by multivariate analysis. No differences in BC were observed in individuals with insufficient versus sufficient 25OHD levels. Individuals with lower 25OHD levels had increased fat in the android region and trunk. This study confirms the association of lower 25OHD levels with greater BMI and WC and increased deposition of fat in body compartments, which, even in nonobese individuals, are commonly associated with increased metabolic risk.
Abortion care pathways and service provision for adolescents in high-income countries: A qualitative synthesis of the evidence
Authors: Assifi Anisa R. , Kang Melissa , Sullivan Elizabeth A. , Dawson Angela J.
Published: November 2020

Limited research in high-income countries (HICs) examines adolescent abortion care-seeking pathways. This review aims to examine the pathways and experiences of adolescents when seeking abortion care, and service delivery processes in provision of such care. We undertook a systematic search of the literature to identify relevant studies in HICs (2000–2020). A directed content analysis of qualitative and quantitative studies was conducted. Findings were organised to one or more of three domains of an a priori conceptual framework: context, components of abortion care and access pathway. Thirty-five studies were included. Themes classified to the Context domain included adolescent-specific and restrictive abortion legislation, mostly focused on the United States. Components of abortion care themes included confidentiality, comprehensive care, and abortion procedure. Access pathway themes included delays to access, abortion procedure information, decision-making, clinic operation and environments, and financial and transportation barriers. This review highlights issues affecting access to abortion that are particularly salient for adolescents, including additional legal barriers and challenges receiving care due to their age. Opportunities to enhance abortion access include removing legal barriers, provision of comprehensive care, enhancing the quality of information, and harnessing innovative delivery approaches offered by medical abortion.
List-wise learning to rank biomedical question-answer pairs with deep ranking recursive autoencoders
Authors: Yan Yan , Zhang Bo-Wen , Li Xu-Feng , Liu Zhenhan
Published: November 2020

Biomedical question answering (QA) represents a growing concern among industry and academia due to the crucial impact of biomedical information. When mapping and ranking candidate snippet answers within relevant literature, current QA systems typically refer to information retrieval (IR) techniques: specifically, query processing approaches and ranking models. However, these IR-based approaches are insufficient to consider both syntactic and semantic relatedness and thus cannot formulate accurate natural language answers. Recently, deep learning approaches have become well-known for learning optimal semantic feature representations in natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we present a deep ranking recursive autoencoders (rankingRAE) architecture for ranking question-candidate snippet answer pairs (Q-S) to obtain the most relevant candidate answers for biomedical questions extracted from the potentially relevant documents. In particular, we convert the task of ranking candidate answers to several simultaneous binary classification tasks for determining whether a question and a candidate answer are relevant. The compositional words and their random initialized vectors of concatenated Q-S pairs are fed into recursive autoencoders to learn the optimal semantic representations in an unsupervised way, and their semantic relatedness is classified through supervised learning. Unlike several existing methods to directly choose the top-K candidates with highest probabilities, we take the influence of different ranking results into consideration. Consequently, we define a listwise “ranking error” for loss function computation to penalize inappropriate answer ranking for each question and to eliminate their influence. The proposed architecture is evaluated with respect to the BioASQ 2013-2018 Six-year Biomedical Question Answering benchmarks. Compared with classical IR models, other deep representation models, as well as some state-of-the-art systems for these tasks, the experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of rankingRAE.
Readily usable strategies to control mastitis for production augmentation in dairy cattle: A review
Authors: Bhakat Champak , Mohammad A. , Mandal D. K. , Mandal A. , Rai S. , Chatterjee A. , Ghosh M. K. , Dutta T. K.
Published: November 2020

Mastitis in dairy cattle is the most common management disorder that causes higher economic losses by lowering production and quality of milk leads to substantial economical loss. The aim of this article was to review worldwide important advances in strategies to control mastitis for production augmentation in dairy cattle. Many scientists worked to identify effective strategies to control mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and others. It is necessary to identify mechanisms of infection, define clinical and subclinical states of disease, determine exposure time, and identify pathogen-specific characteristics. Evolvement of management strategies that incorporated hygienic procedures (animal, floor, and milkman), post milking standing period of animal and strategic use of antibiotic or herbal therapy at dry-off, nutritional supplementation, fly control, body condition score optimization, etc., resulted in widespread control of mastitis. The udder, teat of animal, scientific management of milking, automatic milking procedure, genetic selection are considered as important factors to control mastitis. As farm management changed, scientists were directed to redefine control of mastitis caused by opportunistic pathogens of environmental sources and have sought to explore management strategies which will maintain animal well-being in a judicial way. Although significant advances in mastitis management have been made changing herd structure, changing climatic scenario and more rigorous milk processing standards ensure that mastitis will remain important issue for future research.
BELAJAR PADA REOG CEMANDI SIDOARJO
Authors:   SDN Geluran 1 Taman Sidoarjo, Widodo Rolis Awang
Published: November 2020

Si Sido dan Si Arjo akan mengajak kalian semua untuk pergi berkeliling, mengenal lebih jauh Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Si Arjo sangat senang sekali, ia diajak Si Sido (sahabatnya) untuk pergi mengelilingi Kabupaten Sidoarjo karena Si Sido lebih mengerti tentang Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Mereka semangat sekali untuk menikmati dan mempelajari budaya dan sejarah Kabupaten Sidoarjo yang memiliki banyak sebutan.
LONTAR YUSUP BANYUWANGI : Teks Pegon, Transliterasi, Terjemahan
Authors:   Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Indiarti Wiwin
Published: November 2020

Lontar Yusup adalah sebuah puisi naratif tentang kehidupan salah seorang Nabi Islam yang amat populer, Nabi Yusuf. Kisah ini merentangkan perjalanan hidup seorang utusan pilihan Tuhan (duta nabi luwih) dari usia dua belas tahun, kala ia bermimpi tentang matahari, bulan dan sebelas bintang bersujud kepadanya, sam-pai ia naik takhta menjadi penguasa Mesir, seusai nubuatnya tentang mimpi Raja Mesir; tujuh sapi kurus memangsa tujuh sapi gemuk dan tujuh daun kering me-lahap tujuh daun hijau. Kisah Yusuf yang bermula nun jauh di padang pasir Mesir, melintasi laut dan selat, hingga sampai di ujung timur Jawa, menjelma berlarik-larik tembang sebagai Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi. Islamisasi Jawa, bagaimanapun juga meru-pakan faktor penting bagi lahirnya karya ini. Lontar Yusup, baik sebagai teks mau-pun saat didendangkan (performance), merupakan wujud dari ekspresi Islam-Jawa yang mewarnai identitas kultural masyarakat Banyuwangi, wilayah yang da-hulu merupakan pusat negeri Blambangan pada masa akhir kekuasaannya.
Gojek, Gojlok, Momong: Studi Budaya Kreatif Kelompok Kartunis Kaliwungu (KOKKANG)
Authors:   Center for Security and Welfare Studies (CSWS) FISIP UNAIR, Roikan Roikan
Published: November 2020

Kartun humor dan media cetak merupakan dua hal yang tidak terpisahkan. Tidak sedikit pembaca saat memegang koran memiliki ketertarikan pada halaman penuh humor: rublik kartun. Sebuah halaman yang membuat orang dapat tersenyum, tertawa lepas, bahkan merenung. Kekuatan kartun humor terletak tidak hanya pada gambar visualnya semata. Ada aspek intrinsik di dalamnya yang dapat ditelisik lebih jauh. Itulah proses kreatif, menggambar kartun tidak hanya butuh proses personal ada aspek komunal yang turut serta di dalamnya. Komunalisme kartunis dalam berkarya ditunjukan dengan munculnya berbagai kelompok/komunitas kartunis di berbagai daerah. Salah satunya Kelompok Kartunis Kaliwung (KOKKANG). Sebagai seorang kartunis, saya turut serta dalam proses menggambar sampai mengirim karya. Tidak lupa memantau perkembangan selanjutnya, apakah gambar saya dimuat atau tidak. Kerap saya temui nama KOKKANG atau Kaliwungu. Nama ini bikin iri, karena sering dimuat. Awalnya saya mengira KOKKANG adalah nama orang, berbeda dengan Kaliwungu yang saya yakini adalah nama sebuah daerah. Saya selanjutnya tahu jika di Kaliwungu, Kendal, Jawa Tengah terdapat kelompok kartun yang digdaya dalam jagad perkartunan nusantara.
Lembayung Merah Putih
Authors:   Indonesian Institute Of Sciences, Humaedi Muhammad Alie
Published: November 2020

Sebuah cerita tentang persahabatan antara anak-anak dan orang tua yang dilansirkan dari kenyataan kehidupan berbagai kelompok etnik di suatu kampung di Kalimantan Barat. Alur cerita dikemas sebegitu mengalir dalam bentuk narasi fiksi ilmiah. Semoga melalui cerita ini, kesadaran tentang harmoni dan toleransi dalam kepelbedaan berbagai suku, agama, bahasa, dan budaya di Indonesia terbangun secara lintas generasi, dari dulu, kini hingga ke depan nanti.
The Concept of Values in Florian Znaniecki’s Early Work
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Michał Roch
Published: November 2020

One of the central concepts of The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, especially highlighted in the “Methodological Note,” is the relationship between values and attitudes which frames the subsequent empirical analyses and conclusions. The aim of the present article is to reconstruct Florian Znaniecki’s early idea of values in order to demonstrate its originality and later influence on his sociological contributions. As the author argues, Znaniecki’s early insights with regard to values allow us to reconsider his collaboration with William Thomas and to interpret The Polish Peasant as a part of Znaniecki’s long-term research programme.
Przychylność rzeźnika. Wizja ładu stowarzyszeniowego Edwarda Abramowskiego
Authors: Waśkiewicz Andrzej
Published: November 2020

Artykuł przedstawia wizję ładu stowarzyszeniowego Edwarda Abramowskiego, na który składają się gospodarcze kooperatywy oraz samopomocowe związki przyjaźni. Ład stworzony oddolnie ma być odpowiedzią na permanentny nieład tworzony przez kapitalizm i przymus wywierany przez państwo. Kooperatywy kierują się z konieczności logiką zysku ekonomicznego, ale dzielonego równo wśród swych członków, związki przyjaźni zaś empatią, mogącą jednak liczyć na odwzajemnienie. Dobrowolne stowarzyszenia zdolne są wypełnić niemal wszystkie funkcje niezbędne do funkcjonowania społeczeństwa, mogą więc zastąpić państwo, także państwo socjalistyczne, w które wpisana jest instytucja – choćby demokratycznego – przymusu. Pozostająca pod zaborami Polska może się odrodzić właśnie w tej formie, mimo pozostania, nawet formalnie, pod zwierzchnością rosyjskiego cara. Autor wpisuje wizję odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej Abramowskiego w nurt utopii „akapitalistycznej”, wywodzący się z Arystotelesowskiej koncepcji przyjaźni ze względu na korzyść. W postaci ekonomii współdzielenia nurt ten pojawił się ponownie po kryzysie ekonomicznym 2008 roku.
Co wiedzieć powinien ten, który powinien wiedzieć? O warunkach możliwości niekonwencjonalnej praktyki naukowej w nowoczesności
Authors: Chankowski Stanisław
Published: November 2020

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie, jaką strukturalną rolę w konstrukcji nowoczesnego społeczeństwa odgrywa produkcja intelektualna i intelektualiści. Wstępne rozpoznanie prowadzi do wniosku, że nowoczesne społeczeństwo rozumiane tu za Heglem jest spełnieniem idei uznania, w którym jednostka i jej atrybuty istnieją o tyle, o ile są uznawane przez inne jednostki. To samo stosuje się do wszelkich innych zjawisk społecznych – ich obiektywność pochodzi z uznania. Prowadzi to do przekonania, że wiedza jest fundamentem tego społeczeństwa, że przedmiotowość społeczna musi być przedmiotowością „wiedzianą”. A jednak mimo tego istnieją procesy i prawa społeczne, które choć zachowują przedmiotową ważność, nie są „wiedziane” przez wszystkich, albowiem nowoczesne społeczeństwo opiera się na swego rodzaju podziale wiedzy, która pokrywa się do pewnego stopnia ze społecznym podziałem pracy. Intelektualiści w tym układzie pełnią funkcję lacanowskiego założonego podmiotu wiedzy. Tylko pozornie uzależnia ich to od zobowiązań więzi społecznych, z tytułu których są oni klasą materialnie uprzywilejowaną. W rzeczywistości zobowiązanie może być tylko o tyle wypełnione, o ile zostanie zdradzone przez niekonwencjonalne praktyki naukowe.
Severity Estimation of Plant Leaf Diseases Using Segmentation Method
Authors: Entuni Chyntia Jaby , Afendi Zulcaffle Tengku Mohd , Kipli Kuryati
Published: November 2020

Plants have assumed a significant role in the history of humankind, for the most part as a source of nourishment for human and animals. However, plants typically powerless to different sort of diseases such as leaf blight, gray spot and rust. It will cause a great loss to farmers and ranchers. Therefore, an appropriate method to estimate the severity of diseases in plant leaf is needed to overcome the problem. This paper presents the fusions of the Fuzzy C-Means segmentation method with four different colour spaces namely RGB, HSV, L*a*b and YCbCr to estimate plant leaf disease severity. The percentage of performance of proposed algorithms are recorded and compared with the previous method which are K-Means and Otsu’s thresholding. The best severity estimation algorithm and colour space used to estimate the diseases severity of plant leaf is the combination of Fuzzy C-Means and YCbCr color space. The average performance of Fuzzy C-Means is 91.08% while the average performance of YCbCr is 83.74%. Combination of Fuzzy C-Means and YCbCr produce 96.81% accuracy. This algorithm is more effective than other algorithms in terms of not only better segmentation performance but also low time complexity that is 34.75s in average with 0.2697s standard deviation.
The Glycemic Index Value of Hipa 7 and the Determination Method
Authors: Handoko Dody Dwi , Indrasari Siti Dewi
Published: November 2020

Carbohydrate content information of food does not enough to describe its physiological effect. Different carbohydrate sources give diverse blood glucose response. The concept of glycemic index (GI) was introduced to fill that gap. It divides food into several classifications according to their postprandial glycemic response. The original method was conducted by observing blood glucose after consuming sample then comparing the result with standard food. Later, miscellaneous in vitro digestion models were developed to mimic the in vivo condition. Rice is one of food types that have various GI which are related to the rice variety and postharvest processing method. There are some varieties that have low or medium GI, the others have higher. Parboiled and brown rice tend to have lower GI compared to their un-parboilled milled rice form.  Hipa 7 is hybrid new superior variety that that had been launched by ICRR in 2009 and its milled rice has low glycemic index 49.2. Low glycemic index rice potentially reduced the occurrence of obesity and diabetic mellitus disease.
A Review on The Physical, Milling Quality and Physicochemical Characteristic of Hipa 6 Jete and Hipa 7
Authors: Ardhiyanti Shinta Dewi , Indrasari Siti Dewi
Published: November 2020

Up to now the Agriculture Ministry of Republic of Indonesia has released 19 varieties of hybrid rice. Hipa 6 Jete and Hipa 7 varieties are two of them. Hybrid rice is a group of rice plants formed from first generation individuals (F1) derivative of a combination of crossing between certain elders. Hybrid rice superior varieties has a higher yield potential than inbred superior varieties that dominate rice cultivation areas. Rice quality is one of the factors that determine the level of consumer acceptance of a variety. The rice quality is influenced by several factors such as physical quality, cooking quality and taste quality. This paper aims to review the physical quality, milling quality and physical properties of Hipa 6 Jete and Hipa 7. The length of Hipa 6 Jete and Hipa 7 are long and the shape are slender. Based on the head rice and broken rice percentage both Hipa 6 Jete and Hipa 7 are met the medium 2 and 3 quality class (SNI 6128:2015). Based on the physicochemical characteristics both Hipa 6 Jete and Hipa 7 are classified as intermediate amylose content with soft gel consistency and with high intermediate gelatinization temperature. In cooling condition the cooked rice of Hipa 6 Jete and Hipa 7 are soft texture.
Теневой рынок алкоголя: к определению основных типов и мотивов потребителей
Authors: Макушева Мария Олеговна , Чо Елена Геннадьевна
Published: November 2020

В последнее десятилетие наблюдается снижение потребления алкоголя и переход с крепких напитков на более легкие. Тем не менее употребление спиртных напитков по-прежнему встроено в культуру досуга и снятия стресса. Теневой рынок алкоголя уменьшился и видоизменился после принятия государственных регуляторных мер, но не исчез. Один из ключевых исследовательских вопросов статьи — почему человек покупает алкоголь в нелегальных точках продаж?
В статье представлены результаты совместного исследования Центра социального проектирования «Платформа» и Центра развития потребительского рынка бизнес-школы СКОЛКОВО. В статье на основе серии интервью с потребителями продукции теневого рынка алкоголя описываются типы, мотивация и модели поведения покупателей, а также ситуации перехода на этот рынок. Как правило, на теневом рынке покупают алкоголь люди с низкими доходами; не доверяющие лицензированному продавцу и производителю; стремящиеся обойти запрет на ночную покупку. Введение ограничений на розничную торговлю спиртным переводит в теневой сегмент часть потребителей, если они стремятся сэкономить или если их приобщили к потреблению в теневом канале знакомые. На теневом рынке потребители сталкиваются со специфическими рисками, поскольку там продаются в основном крепкие напитки, и единственный способ контролировать качество продукции — через «сарафанное радио».
Как молодые люди осмысляют вступление в брак? Истории о знакомстве и свадьбе в интервью молодых супругов
Authors: Голева Мария Александровна
Published: November 2020

В исследованиях молодых семей фокус делается на жизни после свадьбы — развитии отношений супругов, прохождении ими через семейные переходы, преодоление критических точек, освоение новых ролей. При этом в значительной части работ сопоставляются люди, не регистрирующие отношения и выбирающие сожительство, и те, кто вступает в брак; последние при этом рассматриваются как гомогенная группа. Однако также есть исследования, посвященные рассмотрению очень узких вопросов, связанных со вступлением в брак: как именно делается предложение, как супруги участвуют в подготовке к свадьбе, какие ценности и образы семьи транслируются в свадебных пожеланиях. В рамках данной работы предполагается рассматривать вступление в брак как процесс, в ходе которого начинается формирование семейных отношений. На основании анализа глубинных интервью с молодыми супругами (48 интервью, 24 пары, состоящие в зарегистрированном браке не более пяти лет) выделяются этапы вступления в брак, показывается множественность интерпретаций молодоженами каждого из них. В заключительной части работы представлены несколько гипотез о факторах, определяющих структуру брачных историй и их специфику.
Благодарность. Исследование «Как создаются и живут молодые семьи в современной России? Сравнение семей мирян и священников» осуществляется в рамках Программы научных исследований Фонда развития ПСТГУ в 2018-2021 гг.
Профессиональный риск: «избежать нельзя, принять» (на примере работников угольных предприятий Новокузнецка)
Authors: Соломин Максим Сергеевич
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматриваются возможные варианты концептуализации понятия «профессиональный риск» в рамках социологии риска. На теоретическом уровне выделяются два подхода: реалистский и конструктивистский. По материалам социологических исследований демонстрируются перспективы каждого из них. Оба подхода имеют существенные ограничения. Реалистский подход предполагает «отсутствие субъекта», тогда как конструктивистские исследования в попытке учесть субъектную природу риска зачастую апеллируют к реалистским категориям (возможный ущерб, опасность и др.) при интерпретации данного феномена. Это приводит к тому, что профессиональный риск не соотносится с общим контекстом жизненного мира профессии и представляет собой лишь реакцию на различные опасности. В соответствии с идеей дуальности структуры утверждается, что профессиональный риск не может быть реакцией на что-то, поскольку формируется жизненным миром профессии и воспроизводит его же в процессе принятия решений и их реализации.
На примере работников угольных предприятий Новокузнецка демонстрируется, как, начиная с этапа выбора профессии, субъект вовлекается в процесс принятия решений в среде, где опасность — «нормальный» элемент трудового процесса. Эмпирическую базу исследования составляют 13 полуструктурированных интервью. На основании полученных данных делается вывод, что профессиональный риск как способность принимать решения является конституирующим основанием «профессионального Я». Формирование устойчивой модели принятия решений в конкретной ситуации включает в себя следующие стадии: нормализация опасности, интериоризация идеологии контроля, инструментализация ценности здоровья.
O sistema fonológico das vogais orais na língua indígena Aikanã
Authors: Tondineli Patrícia Goulart
Published: November 2020

Esta pesquisa insere-se no projeto Línguas indígenas do Cone-Sul de Rondônia e objetiva apresentar análise comparativa de estudos já realizados sobre o sistema fonético-fonológico vocálico da língua Aikanã, com o fim de constituirmos o quadro fonológico de vogais orais da língua em estudo. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica de estudos realizados por Vasconcelos (2002), Ribeiro e Cândido (2006), Silva (2012), Voort (2013) e Birchall (apud STORTO, 2019), traçamos um quadro comparativo das postulações fonéticas e as fonológicas. Verificamos a falta de consenso entre os linguistas quanto ao sistema vocálico fonético-fonológico da língua Aikanã, motivo pelo qual introduzimos, nessa comparação, transcrições feitas por nós a partir do mito indígena Tracajá. Para dirimir quaisquer dúvidas quanto ao sistema de vogais orais em seu nível fonológico, recolhemos palavras da língua com o fim de identificarmos pares mínimos, para que efetivamente se distinguissem os processos de alofonia dos fonemas propriamente ditos. O que pudemos comprovar inicialmente é que a língua Aikanã possui um quadro fonológico de nove vogais orais, o qual contempla dez universais apontados por Crothers (apud BOER, 2001).
Políticas linguísticas familiares em contexto de línguas minoritárias
Authors: Mozzillo Isabella , Pupp Spinassé Karen
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo, apresentaremos resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com indivíduos bilíngues que falam uma língua considerada “minoritária” como uma de suas línguas maternas. Os participantes da pesquisa responderam a um questionário ou a uma entrevista sobre suas práticas linguísticas no âmbito do lar, que visavam a coletar dados sobre as políticas linguísticas familiares (KING; FOGLE; LOGANTERRY, 2008; SPOLSKY, 2012) estabelecidas nesse contexto e as ideologias que regem essas práticas. Partimos do pressuposto de que as ideologias linguísticas (SPOLSKY, 2004; 2012) desses falantes poderiam estar sob influência de mitos e concepções que conferem à língua minoritária um status negativo, cercado de preconceito linguístico. Apresentaremos, aqui, resultados referentes a cinco participantes da pesquisa, falantes de línguas minoritárias, que foram analisados de forma qualitativa, para desvelar suas ideologias linguísticas.
Quando a língua portuguesa visita a Libras: explorando o design thinking e o contato entre línguas no Ensino Médio
Authors: Ildebrand Isaias Dos Santos , Fronza Cátia De Azevedo , Luiz Simone Weide
Published: November 2020

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de Mestrado desenvolvida por Ildebrand (2020). Busca-se descrever e apresentar uma ação de ensino concebida nas aulas de língua materna de alunos ouvintes do Ensino Médio de uma escola localizada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Assim, nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa (língua majoritária) oportunizou-se espaço e valorizou-se a Língua Brasileira de Sinais, Libras (língua minoritária). Alunos e professor foram mobilizados a delinear soluções para problemas relacionados à comunidade usuária da Libras a partir do contato com o design thinking, uma abordagem criativa, inovadora e colaborativa. Considera-se que o contato entre essas línguas pode ser um ponto de partida para promoção da interação entre surdos e ouvintes.
Community Programmes, KIDS SAVE LIVES, World Restart a Heart and Other Campaigns to Increase Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Rott N. , Lockey A. , Semeraro F. , Bottiger B. W.
Published: November 2020

Sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is the third leading cause of death in industrialized nations.While educating lay bystanders in CPR is clearly the most important way to increase survival in this third leading cause of death and the community programs are helpful, it is less easy to reach the entire population if programs are not obligatory. Therefore experts see the need for obligatory inclusion of CPR education in schools. And this is exactly our clear expectation to all politicians involved in health care and school politics worldwide. Until this is reality in all countries, we invite everyone to help to convince the responsible politicians and to take part in campaigns like KIDS SAVE LIVES and WRAH.
Low-cost enhancement of facial mask filtration to prevent transmission of COVID-19
Authors: Bhimaraju Hari , Nag Nitish , Jain Ramesh
Published: November 2020

The use of face masks is recommended worldwide to reduce the spread of COVID-19. A plethora of facial coverings and respirators, both commercial and homemade, pervade the market, but the true filtration capabilities of many homemade measures against the virus are unclear and continue to be unexplored. In this work, we compare the following masks in keeping out particulate matter below 2.5 microns in decreasing order of their efficacy: N95 respirators, cloth masks with activated carbon air filters, cloth masks with HVAC air filters, surgical masks, heavily-starched cloth masks, lightly-starched cloth masks, and regular cloth masks. The experiments utilize an inhalation system and aerosol chamber to simulate a masked individual respiring aerosolized air. COVID-19 disproportionately affects people in low-income communities, who often lack the resources to acquire appropriate personal protective equipment and tend to lack the flexibility to shelter in place due to their public-facing occupations. This work tests low-cost enhancements to homemade masks to assist these communities in making better masks to reduce viral transmission. Experimental results demonstrate that the filtration efficacy of cloth masks with either a light or heavy starch can approach the performance of much costlier masks. This discovery supports the idea of low-cost enhancements to reduce transmission and protect individuals from contracting COVID-19.
HEIDELBERG MATURATION: phenomenological critique of psychoanalysis
Authors: Butsykin Yehor
Published: November 2020

This article attempts to historically reconstruct the phenomenological critique of psychoanalysis in order to establish a new framework of understanding psychoanalytic theory and practice, given the need for a new phenomenological justification of psychoanalysis as a special intersubjective experience of the analyst-analysand interaction. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a number of phenomenologically oriented psy- chotherapies emerged within Western psychiatry. All of them were more or less influenced or exist in polemics with psychoanalytic teaching and relied primarily on phenomenology in its broadest sense. First of all, we should mention such eminent psychiatrists as Eugene Minkowski, who created the original project of phenomenological existential psychopathology, and also Ludwig Binswanger with his existential, or Dasein-analytical anthropology. All these attempts in one way or another correspond to the general attitude of phenomenology to the critique of psychologism, and ultimately to naturalism of any kind. Therefore, their critique of psychoanalysis is primarily destructive, and psychoanalysis itself serves as one of the distinct examples of naturalistic reductionism of the highest type. These all leads to the rejection of psychoanalytic theory and practice as scientific, that is, one that is based on the Newtonian and Cartesian mechanistic conception of nature, and therefore makes any anthropology impossible. That is why all the mentioned phenomenological projects of psychotherapy at one time or another positioned themselves as projects of philosophical anthropology in a therapeutic perspective. The latest attempts at the phenomenological discovery of psychoanalysis can be seen as the rehabilitation of Kronfeld’s guidelines for the phenomenological justification of psychoanalytic experience.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KARANG LUNAK Sinularia sp. DENGAN METODE BROTH-DILUTION
Authors: Salanggon Alismi M , Aswani Sari , Hasanuddin Asriani , Hermawan Roni , Riyadi Putut Har , Dewanto Didit Kustantio , Tanod Wendy Alexander
Published: November 2020

Karang lunak merupakan bagian dari ekosistem terumbu karang, yang mengandung senyawa bioaktif dan dapat berperan sebagai alat pertahanan diri serta memiliki kemampuan sebagai senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi potensi ekstrak karang lunak Sinularia sp. sebagai antibakteri dengan metode broth-dilution. Karang Lunak Sinularia sp. dikoleksi dari perairan Desa Kabonga Besar, Sulawesi Tengah, dan dimaserasi dengan diklorometana : methanol. Ekstrak Sinularia sp. dilakukan pengujian skrining metabolit kimia dan pengujian antibakteri dengan metode broth-diluttion. Hasil skrining ekstrak Sinularia sp. terdeteksi senyawa metabolit flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid dan steroid. Ekstrak Sinularia sp. memberikan pengaruh terhadap total koloni Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ekstrak Sinularia sp. dapat menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli dengan konsentrasi minimum 1.76 ± 0.10 mg/mL, sedangkan pada P. aeruginosa konsentrasi minimum yang dibutuhkan 1.85 ± 0.14 mg/mL. Konsentrasi bunuh minimum ekstrak Sinularia sp. yang dibutuhkan dalam membunuh E. coli, yaitu 7.06 ± 0.42 mg/mL, sedangkan pada P. aeruginosa, yaitu 7.38 ± 0.54 mg/mL. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif dari metabolit ekstrak karang lunak Sinularia sp. berpotensi sebagai senyawa antibakterial terhadap E. coli dan P. aeruginosa. Oleh karena itu, perlu diinvestigasi lebih lanjut dari identifikasi profil bioaktif karang lunak Sinularia sp.
Determination of fomesafen and quizalofop-p-ethyl in beans using modified QuEChERS-HPLC-DAD
Authors: Tang Huacheng , Qu Jiangling , Cao Dongmei , Wang Weisong , Lou Yuhao
Published: November 2020

An improved quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode array detection was established for the determination of fomesafen and quizalofop-p-ethyl in beans. It is simple and efficient and can be used in most laboratories. This method optimizes four chromatographic conditions, namely, mobile phase, mobile phase ratio, flow rate, and detection wavelength. The effects of extraction agent, extraction dose, extraction time, NaCl amount, and adsorbent on the pretreatment effect were studied. The recoveries were high (92.4–117.8%), and repeatability was good (relative standard deviation [RSD] ranged from 0.35 to 4.36%). The standard solutions ranged from 0.1 to 25 ?g/mL. The detection limits of fomesafen and quizalofop-p-ethyl were 0.005 and 0.003 mg/kg, respectively.
Modeling the growth rate of Listeria innocua influenced by coriander seed essential oil and storage temperature in meat using FTIR
Authors: Omidi-Mirzaei Marzieh , Hojjati Mohammad , Alizadeh Behbahani Behrooz , Noshad Mohammad
Published: November 2020

The use of natural compounds to preserve food and the application of new tools for monitoring food safety is of great interest. In this study, the growth rate, including the lag time of Listeria innocua in ground lamb as a function of storage temperature (4, 10, 25, and 37°C) influence of the coriander seed essential oil (CEO), as an antimicrobial agent, was modeled. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to monitor chemical changes in investigated specimens that may indicate spoilage in ground lamb. Results showed the use of CEO reduced growth rate of L. innocua, to approximately 0.0051 (CFU/h) for a sample containing CEO and to 0.042 (CFU/h) in control samples cultivated at 4°C. Increasing the cultivation temperature from 4 to 37°C led to a 5-fold increase of the growth rate (0.042 to 0.222 in the control sample) and 28-fold growth from 0.0051 to 0.147 in a sample containing the CEO. Minimum-recorded temperatures (Tmin) were –0.57 and 0.60°C for the control sample and a sample containing the CEO. The comparison of FTIR spectra of samples during the shelf life indicated that the increased shelf life and bacterial growth results in decreased moisture (1600–1650 cm–1) and protein content in the samples; while the intensity and sharpness of peaks increased in the range 1000–1100 cm–1, indicating the impact of bacterial activity on amounts of amines and amino acids. In conclusion, the CEO increased the L. innocua growth rate lag phase and improved the shelf life of the ground lamb. It is also recommended to use the FTIR to monitor the spoilage in meat.
Emerging techniques in food science: the resistance of chlorpyrifos pesticide pollution against arc and dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Authors: Gavahian Mohsen , Meng‐Jen Tsai , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: November 2020

Many studies introduced cold plasma as a novel and effective processing technology for microbial decontamination of food and water as well as for the removal of environmental pollution such as pesticide. However, as there are several types of plasma designs, their efficacy in degrading major pesticide residues, such as chlorpyrifos (as a hazardous chemical), should be explored. This study was conducted to assess the decontamination efficacy of 8 min of arc and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on chlorpyrifos pesticide-water samples at a con-centration of 2 mg·L-1. The plasma-treated samples were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and compared with the control (untreated) sample. In addition, the effects of plasma processes on some physical properties of samples were studied. According to the results, plasma-treated samples showed similar physical characteristics (e.g., refractive index and color values) to those of the untreated samples. While the temperature of the samples remained steady during the DBD plasma treatment, arc plasma changed the temperature of the sample at a rate of about 3.75°C·min–1 and yielded a sample with a final temperature of 60°C. However, contrary to the general belief that plasma is an efficient technique for pesticide degradation, chemical analyses showed high resistance of chlorpyrifos against both arc and DBD plasma under the conditions used in the present study. Therefore, the possibility of high resistance of pesticide pollution to this emerging technology should be considered. Also, further studies on the efficiency of the selected plasma system for removing pesticide pollution (e.g., during water and wastewater treatment) at industrial scale is needed.
MYCOTOXINS IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors: Ushkalov V , Danchuk V. , Midyk S. , Voloshchuk N. , Danchuk O.
Published: November 2020

The article gives an overview of modern opinions about the ways of possible contamination of milk and dairy products by mycotoxyn. The key indicator of the presence of mycotoxins in milk  and dairy products is the level to which micromycetes affect productive livestock’s feed. Yet, mycromycetes and mycotoxines do not always occur together: some test samples can contain certain micromycetes, but no mycotoxines. Mycotoxines are synthesised by micromycetes only under certain favourable conditions. The multi-chambered stomach ecosystem of lactating cows utilises most mycotoxins occurring in food. Only a small amount of those is excreted in milk. However, some mycotoxins can bind to milk caseins. In this case, cheese and other dairy products can contain far higher amounts of mycotoxins than at  the initial stage of milk production. The paper compares the maximum permissible levels of mycotoxins in milk and in dairy products  according to the regulations of Ukraine and the EU. It presents the mycotoxins isolated from secretions of mammary glands of humans and productive animals, and describes their effect on the body’s physiology. It also provides a structural diagram of how mycotoxins contaminate milk and dairy products following the path “Animal feed – dairy products.” We suggest four-stage assessment of the risks of mycotoxin contamination of milk and dairy products: Stage I – identifying the producer of mycotoxin (molecule, metabolites in feed, milk, and dairy products). Anamnesis; Stage II – constructing a sequence diagram. Inspecting all production stages to identify the main ways  and periods of contamination, determining and describing the symptoms of contamination; Stage III – assessing how the intensity and duration of exposure to a mycotoxin and its metabolites are likely to effect on the body. Modelling the influence of mycotoxins on the body; Stage IV – assessing the risk and determining measures to eliminate or minimise it. Risk scenario forecast
RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY OF BAKERY ENTERPRISES
Authors: Krusir G. , Kondratenko I. , Garkoviсh A. , Shpyrko T. , Lobotskaya L.
Published: November 2020

The paper considers how to decrease the concentration of nitrogen oxides in gas emissions of bakery enterprises. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) formed in the course of burning natural gas  are responsible for more than 90% of an enterprise’s hazard category. So, it has been determined how much NOx is contained in exhaust gases emitted at different loadings on the floor of the oven at an enterprise,  this parameter being the main characteristic of the effectiveness  of ovens and their impact on the environment. The paper presents the results of experiments that have allowed determining the regression equations describing how the NOx quantity per unit of output in an enterprise’s exhaust gases depends on the amount of the fuel consumed and on the loading on the floor of baking ovens. The procedure of the experiments has been described, and the numerical results have been presented and analysed. It has been established that when making a loaf of wheat-flour oven-bottom bread weighing 0.9 kg,  with 70% loading on the floor of an oven (PPC1381), the nitrogen oxides concentration in combustion products is 212.00 μg/m3, and the specific NOx  formation is
292.25 μg/kg. The nitrogen oxides concentration is 152.00 μg/m3, and the specific formation is 306.00 μg/kg when the oven floor loading is 40%. If a similar range of products is baked in ovens Minel100 with the maximum-loaded and half-loaded oven floor, the production is accompanied by specific nitrogen oxide emissions of 239.50  μg/kg  and
247.80 μg/kg respectively. When enriched buns of 0.1 kg are baked in ovens BN50 with the maximum-loaded and half-loaded oven floor, the process   is   accompanied   by   specific   nitrogen   oxide   emissions of
209.20 μg/kg and 265.96 μg/kg respectively. The nitrogen oxides content in gases withdrawn from bakery ovens has been instrumentally measured. This has allowed obtaining regression equations of dependence of the specific NOx weight in gas emissions on the amount of fuel consumed and on the oven floor  loading. It  has been found that in the ovens considered, the nitrogen oxide formation per output unit decreased when the oven floor loading increased, because less fuel is needed to make up for the loss of heat accompanying the emission of fumes. The contributions of the argument parameters have been determined according to the regression model to estimate the quantitative dependence. The amount of nitrogen oxides depends on the oven floor loading. A mathematical model has been developed describing how nitrogen oxide formation depends on the oven floor loading and fuel consumption. The model can be used to introduce an industry standard of quantification of nitrogen oxides formed when manufacturing a unit of output.