bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in indicators of local and systemic inflammation in patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease in combination with obesity
Authors: Mishchuk V. H. , Miziuk T. M. , Shalamai U. P. , Mishchuk V. V.
Published: March 2024

Objective —  to investigate the clinical features and expression of markers reflecting changes in local (fecal calprotectin levels) and systemic inflammation (C‑reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF‑α) in blood serum) in patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon (DDC) in the context of obesity and normal body weight.
Materials and methods. A total of 87 patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon were examined, of whom 39 (44.8%) had obesity (average body mass index — 33.9±0.4 kg/m2). The uncomplicated DDC diagnosis was established based on a detailed assessment of clinical symptoms, irrigoscopy or colonoscopy, and computed tomography. In addition to clinical blood analysis, all patients underwent investigation of calprotectin levels in feces, C‑reactive protein, and TNF‑α in blood serum using immunoenzymatic methods.
Results. Diverticular disease of the large intestine in the context of obesity manifests at a younger age (44—60 years) in comparison with DDC against the background of normal weight and is significantly more prevalent in the lumbar colon. It presents with varying sizes, twice as many relapses, and markedly higher rates of local inflammation (fecal calprotectin levels were 1.47 times higher (p <0.05) than in patients with uncomplicated DDC with normal body weight). Among the indicators of systemic inflammation, levels of C‑reactive protein and TNF‑α were found to be significantly higher in obese patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease compared to those with normal body weight.
Conclusions. Obesity, characterized by a slightly higher degree of local and systemic inflammation, along with elevated levels of calprotectin, C‑reactive protein, and pro‑inflammatory cytokine (TNF‑α), contributes additionally to the development and recurrent course of diverticular disease of the colon.
Quantitative morphometry of compensated liver cirrhosis can aid to predict the outcomes of surgical treatment
Authors: Petiunin O. H. , Makarov V. V. , Feskov V. M. , Smolianyk K. M. , Shpytalna Y. O.
Published: March 2024

Objective — to define quantitative morphometric characteristics of hepatic parenchyma lesions at compensated liver cirrhosis (CLC), which will allow more accurately to assess its functional reserves and predict the outcomes of surgical treatment.
Materials and methods. Intraoperative marginal liver biopsy was performed for 74 patients with CLC, who underwent surgical treatment. Morphological examinations with quantitative morphometry of intraoperative liver biopsies were done with the use of cytological analyzer with software «Integral‑2MT» produced by the association «Kvant» (Kyiv). The connective tissue area (CTA), unchanged hepatocytes area (UHA), stromal‑parenchymatous ratio (SPR), the volume of hepatocytes in the state of necrosis and/or necrobiosis (VHSNN), the volume of hepatocytes in the state of division (VHSD) were determined. The statistical analysis was performed by use of Statistica 12 software package.
Results. Three types of morphological pattern of CLC were isolated. Type I (type A) portal cirrhosis with weakly pronounced signs of parenchymatous and stromal reaction (mono‑multilobular type, portal cirrhosis). The CTA was 66.73±1.71 mm2, SPR was 0.285±0.019, UHA was 234.13±11.5 mm2, VHSNN was 11.21±0.74%, VHSD was 10.23±0.57%. Type II cirrhosis (type B) — cirrhosis of mono‑multilobular type with moderately expressed signs of parenchymatous and stromal reaction. The CTA was 126.69±12.5 mm2, SPR was 0.617±0.031, UHA was 205.34±13.8 mm2, VHSNN was 17.32±0.63%, VHSD was 15.43±0.48%. Type III cirrhosis (type C) — cirrhosis with pronounced signs of parenchymatous and stromal reaction, more often of multilobular type. The CTA was 240.16±13.4 mm2, SPR was 1.344±0.089, UHA was 178.69±18.7 mm2, VHSNN was 23.97±0.75%, VHSD was 11.07±0.58%. Analysis of immediate results of surgical treatment demonstrated, that no one patient with A‑type CLC died, while 9.5% of patients with B‑type and 25.0% of patients with C‑type CLC died in the early postoperative period.
Conclusions. Quantitative morphometry demonstrated that pathological changes in the liver at CLC are heterogeneous and can be categorized in to 3 types (A, B, C). Three types of morphological pattern at CLC, which were isolated, are characterized by significant differences in CTA, UHA, SPR, VHSNN, VHSD parameters. At transition of A‑type cirrhosis into C‑type, volume of hepatic parenchyma becomes to be decreased, while volume of connective tissue becomes to be increased. This is accompanied by decrease in UHA, increase in CTA, SPR and VHSNN. Surgical intervention in patients with type C morphological pattern of cirrhosis is associated with a high risk (25%) of poor outcome, which indicates the need to limitations for indications to elective surgical operations in this category of patients. Thus, quantitative morphometry of liver biopsies in CLC patients can aid to predict the outcomes of surgical treatment.
The pathogenetic role of ghrelin and leptin in the comorbid course of gastroesophageal reflux disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhuravlyova L. V. , Bondar-Кeleberda O. S.
Published: March 2024

Objective — to study the levels of ghrelin and leptin, depending on the body mass index (BMI) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) against the background of type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM), to determine their role in the GERD formation and progression against T2DM background and to build a prognostic model for the GERD development in presence of T2DM.
Materials and methods. Examinations involved 120 patients (44 (44%) men and 56 (56%) women) who were divided into 3 groups: 1st group included 60 patients with comorbid GERD and T2DM, the 2nd group consisted of 20 patients with isolated GERD, and the 3rd group — 20 patients with T2DM. The control group consisted of 20 age‑matching practically healthy persons. The levels of ghrelin and leptin were determined by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a Labline‑90 analyzer (Austria).
Results. Patients of the 2nd group demonstrated significantly maximal ghrelin levels 1.54±0.36 ng/mL, and leptin levels were significantly highest in the 1st group 18.87±1.22 ng/mL. Patients of the 1st group with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had higher values of serum leptin 25.34±1.51 ng/mL and lower values of ghrelin 0.65±0.02 ng/mL (р <0.001) when compared with subjects with normal or slightly excessed body weight. In patients of both 1st and 2nd groups, the correlation between BMI and leptin levels was significant, direct and strong (ρ=+0.89016 and ρ=+0.82493, respectively), that is, with an increase in the serum leptin levels, an increase in BMI should be expected. Dependence of BMI from ghrelin levels was significant, inverse, of medium strength (ρ=–0.6864 and ρ=–0.6635). In group 3 patients, significantly strong direct correlation between BMI and leptin (ρ=0.935245) and significantly strong inverse correlation between BMI and ghrelin (ρ=–0.7740) were found. A prognostic model of GERD development against T2DM background has been built, which considered the following parameters: levels of ghrelin, leptin, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance index (NOMA‑IR), BMI and the level of very low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol. According to the formula, the diagnosis of GERD is positive if Y >0.5 and negative if Y <0.5. According to the ROC analysis, it was established that the sensitivity of the obtained prognostic formula was 96.2%; specificity 75.0%.
Conclusions. The obtained data showed that ghrelin and leptin play an important role in the formation and progression of GERD against T2DM background, and changes in the levels of these adipocytokines are among the factors that significantly complicate the clinical course of GERD and T2DM. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine whether leptin and ghrelin play a causal role in this relationship, or whether they are, after all, circulating biomarkers that improve insulin sensitivity and have anti‑inflammatory effects.
Primary Tuberculosis in Adults: Diagnostic Errors
Authors: Sakhelashvili M.I. , Piskur Z.I. , Sakhelashvili­–Bil O.I.
Published: March 2024

Objective — to study the frequency and causes of diagnostic errors in primary pulmonary tuberculosis (PrPTB) in adults.
Materials and methods. The frequency and causes of diagnostic errors in verifying PrPTB in adults were studied by analyzing the pathomorphosis aspect of a specific process. Sectional material from 200 adult deaths due to primary forms of tuberculosis (PrFTB) over a period of 45 years (1974—2020) was analyzed. The study period was divided into three periods: the first period spanned from 1974 to 1988, during which three antimycobacterial drugs (isoniazid, streptomycin, and PASC) were used; the second period ranged from 1989 to 2005, during which rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide were added to the treatment regimen; and the third period covered from 2005 to 2020, during which aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, linezolid, and other antimycobacterial drugs were widely utilized.
Results and discussion. Studies conducted on clinical and pathological material from 200 deaths related to primary forms of tuberculosis (PrFTB) over the last 45 years (1974—2020) based on data from prosectures in Lviv indicate a significant decrease in the number of deaths from primary pulmonary tuberculosis (PrPTB) among the adult population. This decline is attributed to the widespread adoption of modern antimycobacterial therapy for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The predominant clinico-pathological form of PrPTB is tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes (TBILN), which manifests with various progression variants. Complications of a specific nature (such as miliary TB, TB meningitis, and TB sepsis) prevail among the direct causes of death. However, diagnosing PrPTB in adults poses significant challenges in modern conditions, with an increasing frequency of underdiagnosis over the years. Diagnostic errors most commonly occur in general diagnostic hospitals during the verification of TBILN and its complications in patients over 30 years old.
Conclusions. The frequency of underdiagnosing PrPTB has increased due to its atypical course, likely resulting from the pathomorphosis of a specific process. The discrepancy between clinical and pathoanatomical diagnoses, attributable to the unique clinical course of PrPTB, was observed in 7.3 % of cases in the first period, 27.2 % in the second, and 40.0 % in the third. Several factors contribute to the underdiagnosis of PrPTB, including short-term hospital stays, the atypical course of PrPTB due to the pathomorphosis of a specific process, inadequate patient examination, the lack of urgency for phthisiological evaluation in general medical institutions and incorrect interpretation of clinical, radiological and laboratory data.
PENGARUH KEPRIBADIAN, MOTIVASI DIRI DAN PENGETAHUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA GAMPINGROWO KABUPATEN SIDOARJO
Authors: Yunita Dian , Pujianto Agung , Nasution Ute Ch
Published: March 2024

The threat of the economic crisis, termination of employment (PHK), as well as the ever-increasing level of living needs, establishing a business is one of the important factors in people's lives. Entrepreneurship has the potential to create added value, both in personal terms and for society as a whole. With entrepreneurship, one can create jobs, increase income, encourage innovation and economic development, and provide solutions to problems that exist in society. Quantitative methods are used to collect and analyze the data needed in this study. The research sample consisted of 94 respondents who were members of the Gampingrowo Village community. The questionnaire is used as a data collection instrument that includes a measurement scale for personality variables, self-motivation, entrepreneurial knowledge, and entrepreneurial interest.

The results of data analysis show that of the 94 respondents in this study, there is a partial influence of personality, self-motivation, and entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial interest. This shows that the variables Personality, Self-Motivation, and Entrepreneurial Knowledge together have an influence of 73.3% on Interest in Entrepreneurship. The results of this study are expected to provide deeper insight into the factors that influence the interest in entrepreneurship in rural communities. Based on the research hypothesis, it is expected that a strong personality, high self-motivation, and good entrepreneurial knowledge will have a positive effect on the interest in entrepreneurship in the people of Gampingrowo Village. The results of this research can provide important input for the government and related organizations in designing programs and policies that can increase interest in entrepreneurship at the village level. In addition, this research can also be an important contribution in the development of literature on the factors that influence the interest in entrepreneurship in the village context.
PENGARUH STORE ATMOSPHERE DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK ES KRIM “MIXUE” CABANG DHARMAWANGSA DI KOTA SURABAYA PADA KALANGAN MILLENNIAL
Authors: Anggraini Madalena Retno , Pratiwi Ni Made Ida , Nasution Ute Chairuz M
Published: March 2024

In the city of Surabaya, there are currently many ice, food and beverage outlets that are favores by all circle one of them is ice cream with various types. Currently there is new ice cream outlet in Surabaya namely Mixue which is now being visited by millennials. The purpose of the research is to know and analyze the influence of store atmosphere and product quality on purchasing decisions by using a descriptive quantitative research method then distributed questionnaires to 80 respondents as a sample and analyzed using t-test, f- statictical and R2 – determination. From the test results it can be concluded that there is a significant and simultaneous influence on variable store atmosphere and product quality on purchasing decisions. There are recommendations that can be given to mixue outlets and further researchers, to add facilities in the outlet and maintain product quality what is also owned for researchers can make the latest research to develop marketing science.
An Approach to the Performance of Passport Services through Workload and Work Environment: Study at the Wonosobo Immigration Office
Authors: Mulyawan Budy , Ryanindityo M. , Purnomo Agung , Syahrin Alvi , . Wilonotomo , Afifah Ifatul
Published: March 2024

This study aims to identify the effect of workload and work environment on the performance of passport issuance services at the Wonosobo Immigration Office. Workload is defined as a series of tasks that must be carried out by a work unit within an organization or by an individual who serves in a position within a certain period of time. Meanwhile, the work environment is defined as a place where a worker completes his duties in accordance with the goals to be achieved. There is a mismatch in the number of human resources in passport services compared to the high level of passport applications. The research method used in this research is quantitative method. Data collection was carried out through observation and distribution of questionnaires. Sampling using total sampling techniques, and data analysis was carried out using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique applied in this study is using multiple linear regression data analysis techniques. The results of data collection show the significance of workload of 0.32 and work environment of 0.21 greater than 0.05, which means that there is an influence of workload and work environment on employee performance in passport services. This study recommends increasing the number of human resources and improving the work environment to improve the performance of passport issuance services.
CONVERSION OF A LARGE ROUNDABOUT IN BAGHDAD CITY TO A SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION
Authors: Al-Neami Ali H. K. , Al-Shekhlly Khalaf Taha
Published: March 2024

This paper reports the conversion of a large unsignalised roundabout (HURIYA SQUARI!) relatively close to the University of Baghdad campus to a signalized intersection. The study focused on reduction of vehicle delay and queue length at this  intersection area. During the course of this research project, two software packages for the analysis and design of isolated intersection, SIDRA (Akcelik, R.1986 and 1991) and HCS (Transportation Research Board, National Research Council 1994) were available. A trial site selected and the observed dara used in the evaluation of the SIDRA and HCS outputs. The evaluation process indicated that SIDRA produce vehicle delay, which is reasonably consistent with the observed vehicle delay. Hence, SIDRA software used in the evaluation of alternative designs of the HURIYA SQUARE intersection. Five proposals of signaling plans and four proposed geometric layouts examined. The first proposal evaluated on site; the other four proposals examined with aid of the SIDRA software. Based on the carried analysis, the intersection geometric layout, signal timing, and phasing plan which result in lower vehicle delay and higher reserved capacity selected.

The Local Authority (AMANAT BAHGDAD) adopted the selected design and the large roundabout converted to a signalized intersection. Observation of traffic behavior following the conversion indicates a considerable improvement in traffic movement performance
THE EFFECT OF SPACE ENVIRONMENTS FACTORS ON SPACECRAFT STRUCTURE
Authors: Jamil Adnan N. , Jweeg Muhsin J. , Edan Mahmod F. , Az-deen Safeen Y.
Published: March 2024

This work covers the investigation of the effects of space environments factors on spacecraft structure. The satellite operates on a low earth orbit at circular (500,500) km, and subjected to different torques in space environments.The purpose of this paper is to develop the satellite structure design and test it to obtain the mechanical behaviour of structure. The satellite used so far is spin - stabilized, and rotating about one axis in 3 rpm. A configuration to the structure is suggested to be hexagonal; the dimension of structure is 110cm in diameter and 85cm high. The general static and dynamics tested of the system are verified, and analyzed to find the stress,strain, and vibration on the structure.
TECHNOLOGY AND ITS EFFECT ON THE FLEXIBILITY OF AUDITORIUM'S DESIGN
Authors: Al-Khafaji Saba. J.N , Hussian Suzan abd
Published: March 2024

The technical development in scientific fields, has an effective influence in developing the possibilities of auditorium design, erection and performance. In the recent years, there was a great demand for flexible spaces, which could accommoder e different acting performance and would be economical too.

Therefore technical efforts and facilities can be great help in providing flexibility's in geometrical relations, space configuration, material treatment and surface finishes of multi purpose halls. This research emphasis the importance of technical possibilities in both mechanical and acoustical sides for providing flexibility's in acoustical performance in auditorium by:

1 Theoretical side discussing

a Technical possibilities in multi purpose halls,

b Main acoustical charseters and parameters, which are important for the evaluation of acoustical performance of multi purpose halls

Practical side; uradying an example which in the national theater in Baghdad as study case, and calculating the acoustical parameters mathematically and discussing its technical possibilities and then giving acoustical and technical advice for developing its functional and acoustical performance.
CONTROL OF THERMAL AND SHRINKAGE CRACKING OF MASS CONCRETE IN HOT CLIMATE
Authors: Al-rawi R.S. , Salih Salah mahdi
Published: March 2024

The aim of the present work is to study the e possibility of controlling cracking due to differential temperature rise and differential shrinkage between surface and interior of mass concrete is bot climate .The experimental work consisted of meanaring temperature change with time various depths, within en the mass concrete foundation of 850 cubic meters in Measurements of the concrete shrinkage were also taken surface and st shot climate, The current understanding is that at a temperature difference of 20 C between the core of mais concrete and ita marface will cause cracking lo hot climate, higher temperature difference usually develops, and combined with shrinkage may cause development of wide cracks, even whes precautions are taken, nach as using low heat cement, large cament content The above understanding however cement, large maximum size aggregate and low

work that conerve may is not applicable in all cases. It has been shown be designed with a tensile strain capacity of much higher than the values usually reported of between 100 a will tolerate In the case a tummperature difference of the present foundation much higher than 20 own in an earlier fup to 480 micro-strain, which is Band 200 micro-strain C without cracking Such concreta design, small maximum size crushed coarse aggregate and relatively low WiC rato such concrete was designed using the ACI method of mis temperature was lowered and plastic shrinkage cracking was p polyethylene sheneta immediately after The placing was prevented by covering concrete with finishing Simultzorous coeurrence of maximum temperature differential and high shrinkage differential was avoided by after casting which, allows high creep continua water curing for 10 days e place. As a result, a to take mum semperature difference of 41 C between the core of the mats concrete and its surface was recorded without cracking However, 3 days afler termination of wales curing the maximum temperature difference decreased to 14 C. This is, combined with the shrinkage differential, lead to formation (not exceeding 0.15 mm) on the durability purposes of small width cracks concrete surface. These cracks were considered to be acceptable for durability puposes.
FREE VIBRATION OF BEAM ELASTICALLY RESTRAINED AGAINST TRANSLATION AND ROTATION AT ENDS
Authors: Nabil H. H.
Published: March 2024

An approximate solution of the vibration of an elastically restrained, uniform and non-uniform beams with translational and rotational springs is obtained using Rayleigh-Ritz approach. The frequencies are presented for wide range of restrained parameters and some of these have been compared with those available in the published literature illustrating the accuracy and versatility of the approach. It is believed that the results present in this paper will be of use in design of beams, shaft, and piping under dynamics consideration.
MIXED CONVECTION FROM ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT COMPONENT AT DIFFERENT POSITION AN ENCLOUSER BY PRIMITIVE VARABILS METHOD
Authors: Jalil Jalal M. , Ismael Khalid A. , Habeeb Sattar J.
Published: March 2024

A numerical study of mixed convtion cooling of heat dissipating electronic component, located in a rectangular enclosure, and cooled by an external through flow of air is carried out.A conjugate problem is solved by primitive variables method, describing the flow and thermal fields in air .The interaction between the components is of interest here, depending on their relative placement in the enclosure, and different configuration are considered. for Re=100 laminar, steady flow is predicted for up to Gr/Re2 =25 according to heat source location in the enclosure. The mixed convection regime, where the buoyancy effects are comparable to the forced flow, occurs at values of Gr/Re2 between 0.01 and 25 .The results are of values in search for suitable placement of electronic components in an enclosed region for an effective heat removal. In general, it appears that the location of the source on the left vertical wall is the most favorable in terms of cooling. Laminar results are predicted up for up to Gr = 2.5*105 for all configurations studied
APPLICATION OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENT TO DETECT DAMAGE IN CASTING
Authors: Al-Tamimi Adnan N. Jameel , Abbas Ehab N.
Published: March 2024

Modal testing has become commonplace in many industries today as a research and development tool. In this capacity, it is used primarily during product prototype development and for vibration problem in general. Many types of structural or parts faults will cause changes in the measured dynamic response of a structure. These changes will, in turn, cause change in the structure's modal parameter. The purpose of the present work is to propose an improved damage detection and location based on the measurement of modal parameter (natural frequency and mode shape) before and after faults, which they have varying extents, for three different sizes of Aluminum casing plates. This local damage can be translated into or characterization as a reduction of the local stiffness which, simulated in the presented numerical models using software package. After measured natural frequency, if a change is detected a statistical method is used to make the best match between the measured changes in frequencies and the family of the theoretical predictions. This predicts the most likely defect location. Analytical results are also used to check numerical results, which showed a good agreement with it. Standard Aluminum plates were also investigated in this work. It results were compared with casting results for two boundary conditions. Also, the defect location charts that plotted with the support of deriving stiffness sensitivity equation showed a good agreement between the predicted defect site and the actual defect location for most of the study cases
PRODUCTION OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES BINDER FROM IRAQI ASPHALT
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Halim A.K. , Hussaiin Hussaiin K.. , Naiieff Tariiq M..
Published: March 2024

Basrah crude oil Vacuum residue 773+ K with specific gravity 1.107 and 4.87wt. % sulfur, wastreated with hexane commercial fraction provided from Al-Taji Gas Company for preparingdeasphaltened oil(DAO)suitable for hydrotreating process.Deasphaltening was carried out with 1h mixing time, 10ml:1g solvent to oil ratio and at roomtemperature. Hexane deasphaltened oil was hydrotreated on presulfied commercial Co-Mo/ 2 3 g − Al O catalyst in a trickle bed reactor. The hydrotreating process was carried out at temperature 660 K,LHSV 1.3h –1, H2/oil ratio 300 l/l and constant pressure of 4MPa. The hydrotreated product was distillated under vacuum distillation unit. It is found that the mixture of 75% of vacuum residue with 25% anthracene satisfies with requirements for graphite electrodes binder.
CONSTRUCTION RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Saco Zuhair M. , Burhan Abbas M.
Published: March 2024

In most of the construction projects, there are many events or risks may occur during the executionof project. These risks (e.g. the excess of project cost or the expected time, increasing the prices ofmaterial and labor, accidents, changes, engineering errors or omissions, bad quality, delay inreaching the facilities to the site, etc.) may effect negatively on the project and the parties.Therefore, these risks must be identified and assessed accurately to avoid or reduce the negativeeffects for these risks. The concept of risk is used to assess and evaluate uncertainties associatedwith an event or a process. A construction process includes many uncertainties, therefore, theconstruction project’s parties are becoming aware of the construction process and thus the riskswithin this process are seeking more and more clarification that all is being done to removeforeseeable risk and minimize unforeseeable risk. It is also becoming clear that generic approachesto the management of risk are maturing and becoming easier to apply.
EFFECT OF TRANSVERSE BASE RESTRAINT ON THE CRACKING BEHAVIOR OF MASSIVE CONCRETE
Authors: Ali Adnan F. , Al-Damluji Omar Al-Farouq , Al-Zuhairi Ala’a H. A.
Published: March 2024

The effect of considering the third dimension in mass concrete members on its cracking behavior is investigated in this study. The investigation includes thermal and structural analyses of mass concrete structures. From thermal analysis, the actual temperature distribution throughout the mass concrete body was obtained due to the generation of heat as a result of cement hydration in addition to the ambient circumstances. This was performed via solving the differential equations of heat conduction and convection using the finite element method.The finite element method was also implemented in the structural analysis adopting the concept of initial strain problem. Drying shrinkage volume changes were calculated using the procedure suggested by ACI Committee 209 and inverted to equivalent temperature differences to be added algebraically to the temperature differences obtained from thermal analysis.Willam-Warnke model with five strength parameters is used in modeling of concrete material in which cracking and crushing behavior of concrete can be included. The ANSYS program was employed in a modified manner to perform the above analyses. A thick concrete slab of 1.5m in thickness and 10m in length was analyzed for different widths 2, 4, 8, and 10m to produce different aspect ratios (B/L) of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0 respectively. The results of the analyses show an increase in cracking tendency of mass concrete member as the aspect ratio of the same member is increased due to the effect of transverse base restraint. Accordingly, such effect cannot be ignored in the analysis of base restrained mass concrete structures subjected to temperature and drying shrinkage volume changes.
PREDICTION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL NATURAL CONVECTION FROM A HORIZONTAL ISOTHERMAL SQUARE PLATE
Authors: Hassan Ayad K.
Published: March 2024

A theoretical study of a three-dimensional natural convection heat transfer from an isothermal horizontal square plate, with upper and lower heated surfaces is present. The transient Navier–Stokes and energy equations were solved by using finite deference method (F.D.M). The complete Navier–Stokes equations are transformed and expressed in terms of vorticity–vector potential and solved using an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method for the parabolic portion of the problem, and Successive Over–Relaxation (SOR) method for the elliptic portion .A computer program in (FORTRAN 77) was built to carry out the solution. The numerical results were obtained for laminar flow range of Grashof number up to (105) in up ward–facing and downward–facing with Prandtl number of (0.72). The results of local Nusselt number have maximum values at the outer edge of plate for two cases upward and downward facing heating.The comparison of the results of average Nusselt number with numerical data for downward facing and experimental data for upward facing shows acceptable agreement. It may be noted that the present data are generally different with experimental data, since the available data are extrapolated to high Grashof number. Thus the deviation may be large with present data.
EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS FOR TRANSFERRING PROPERTIES BETWEEN IMAGES PART I: GRAYSCALE IMAGE COLORIZATION
Authors: Attea Bara'a Ali , Aboud Aminna Dahim
Published: March 2024

In this paper, an evolutionary algorithm (EA) for “colorizing” grayscale images is introduced byevolving color patch transfer process between a source colored image and a target grayscale image. Asthe general problem of inverting a gray palette to a color palette is a severely under-constrained,ambiguous problem and has no exact, objective solution, human labor and costly semantic knowledgeare required. The presented EA attempts to minimize the amount of human work by automaticallychoosing colored patches from the source image and applying their colors to the grayscale patches ofthe target image. Furthermore, the best patch matching over all EA parent individuals are recombinedin a single multi-sexual recombination scheme to form a single offspring individual. Mutation, on theother hand, forms all other EA individuals. The simple technique of the proposed EA can besuccessfully and efficiently applied to a variety of images
AN IMPROVED NEWTON METHOD FOR RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM LOAD ANALYSIS
Authors: Kubba Hassan A.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a modified Newton method of load flow analysis for radial distributionsystems. It is derived with the Jacobian matrix is in UDUT form, where U is a constantupper triangular matrix depending solely on system topology and D is a block diagonalmatrix. With this formulation, the conventional steps of forming the Jacobian matrix,LU factorization and forward/back substitution are replaced by back/forward sweeps on radialfeeders with equivalent impedances. The method has advantages over Newton’ s method interms of speed of solution (no. of iterations), and reliability of convergence by inserting a minimization technique (Cubic Interpolation Technique). The algorithm exhibits a control of the convergence. As such the method converges for cases when conventional Newton’ s method and some other popular methods diverge. Two large distribution systems of 490 nodes and 722 nodes with different r/x ratio in line impedance are used to examine the performance of the method. These tests have shown that the proposed method is as robust and efficient as the forward/back sweep method. The proposed method can be extended to the solution of three phase unbalanced representation.
PREDICTION OF MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN BUBBLE COLUMN USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Al-Hemiri Adil A. , Salih Salih A.
Published: March 2024

The volumetric mass transfer coefficient kL.a was calculated using two gases (air and CO2) in water and NaOH solution. The experiments were carried out using 0.1 m column diameter. Empirical and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) correlation were developed to predicted mass transfer coefficient in form of dimensionless groups (Sh, Re,Bo and We). The use of Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) gave better results than other correlations found in literature and than the empirical one found in this study.
ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF THICK CYLINDER SUBJECTED TO INTERNAL PRESSURE
Authors: Jamel Adnan N. , Abdullah Oday. I.
Published: March 2024

The present work is an attempt to investigate the vibrations characteristics and effect of static stresses and deformation in partially pressurized thick cylindrical shells, such as the gun barrels. The method used cover analytical investigation developed to determine static stresses and deformation along the thick cylindrical shell using LAME'S equation. The numerical investigation is developed using the finite element method with axisymmetric element (Plane 42) four nodes to determine the static response and solid element (Solid 45) eight nodes for vibration analysis by using the ANSYS package. The obtained results show a good agreement with the other investigators. It's found that the natural frequency of the selected models almost equal (150. Hz) and these results indicate that the frequency of powder gasses pressure more than (150 Hz) to be far away from resonance phenomena.
BLUNDER DETECTION TECHNIQUES IN ADJUSTMENT COMPUTATIONS
Authors: Saleem Bashar , Alwan Hussein , Jabir Jareer
Published: March 2024

In adjustment of geodetic and photogrammetric networks, the surveying engineer faces many problems, such as errors of blunder nature in the observations (when comparing the homogeny of precision) make these observations odd from the result, and effecting directly on observation values after adjustment, and the statistical results after analysis as, adjusted coordinates of points, standard deviations, and ellipse of errors.The research is deal with some of the most common usage of statistical methods to detect these odds observations to confirm which best method is, by studying the advantages and disadvantages of each method to geodetic network.Three statistical methods will use in the analysis, these are:-1. Standardized residuals method2. F-t test3. Robust estimation methodThe adjustments were accomplished by preparing a Matlab program with the three blunder detection methods and the results were evaluated and some scientific conclusions were reached.It was found that the robust estimation method represent the better blunder detection technique due to its ability in what is called (multi-blunder detection) , and the resulted higher accuracy indices.
DEVELOPMENT OF PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX MODEL FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT IN BAGHDAD CITY
Authors: Ahmed Namir G. , Awda Ghassan J. , Saleh Suham E.
Published: March 2024

The pavement is one of the basic components of road infrastructure and, therefore, directly influences general levels of transport safety, as well as the quality of transportation services in human and cargo traffic. Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to develop the prediction model for pavement condition index (PCI) for flexible pavement. To achieve this objective, (80) selected pavement sections in four sites in the study area and (1100) sample of pavement sections were selected from these sections for the purpose of (PCI) model building. These data include ; longitudinal , transverse, alligator , slippage and block cracking , rutting ,depression , bleeding , polishing , patching and pothole . The effort to develop a (PCI) model is carried out by using a stepwise regression technique. These statistical processes are carried out with the aid of (STATISTICA – version 5.5) computer package. The validation process for the developed models shows that, this model is adequate to be used for the prediction of pavement condition for flexible pavements within the range of data.
PASSWORD SECURITY VIA NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Hasan Mokhtar Mohammed
Published: March 2024

Password security and protection are one of the important research topics in modem computer systems. Providing privacy, authenticity, integrity and limited access to data, encryption methods are proposed for password security schemes.This paper proposes the use of neural network accessing the system, the system needs other information extracted from the user's password along with the password itself, these information is passed to two different neural networks to examine the authenticity of the user, and then decide whether the user is a legal user or an intruder.The extracted information can be summarized by the time period between each two successive characters in the password and the strength of strike of the user when each character is typed at login time. As a result is a powerful security scheme for password protection and the user has no wary about password being theft because the related password information can not be theft.
THE AXISYMMETRIC DYNAMICS OF ISOTROPIC CIRCULAR PLATES WITH VARIABLE THICKNESS UNDER THE EFFECT OF LARGE AMPLITUDES
Authors: Al-Rajihy Ahmed A.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a study of the geometrically non-linear vibrations of clamped circular plates with variable thickness by taking the effect of large amplitude motion. The maximum thickness is considered to be at the plate center and it is taken to be twice the value of thickness at the edge. The problem is solved by the numerical iteration procedure to obtain the results of vibration amplitudes up to twice the maximum plate thickness. The results are presented for the first two modes of vibration. The obtained results indicate that increasing the ratio of thickness has the effect of increasing the nonlinear frequency and modify the corresponding mode shape.
PREDICTION OF EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY IN RDC COLUMN USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Al-Hemiri Adil. A. A. , Omar Chalak S.
Published: March 2024

An application of neural network technique was introduced in modeling extraction efficiency in RDC column, based on a data bank of around 352 data points collected in the open literature. Three models were made, using back-propagation algorithm, the extraction efficiency was found to be a function of seven dimensionless groups: Weber number (we), (Vd Vc), (c d), (Ds Dt), (Dr Dt), (Zc Dt) and(Zt Zc). Statistical analysis showed that the proposed models have an average absolute error (AARE) and standard deviation (SD) of 12.23% and 10.61% for the first model, 5.35% and 6.21% for the second model, 8.34% and 7.59% for the third model. The developed correlations also show better prediction over a wide range of operating conditions, physical properties and column geometry.
استخدام المدخل الابتكاري في تحليل و حل مشكلات اسلوب الاحالة في مناقصات المشاريع الانشائية
Authors: رزوقي صدقي اسماعيل
Published: March 2024

Iraqi Construction Industry faces large challenges especially now adays: these challengescause many problems in the quality, cost and duration of the projects. One of these challenges is the problems of choosing the appropriate offer, because the lowest one is chosen in spite of the fact that this offer is not the best one. The researcher made a field study for the case of incorrect pricing of contracts through direct interviews with many expertise's. Through the application of innovative approach & brainstorming techniques, a proposed criterion for choosing the suitable offer was suggested depending on many factors as a base for evaluation and tendering of offers. This criterion also evaluated by many senior engineers and assured its suitability
PORCELANITE ROCKS AS A DUAL FILTER MEDIA IN WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Authors: Al-Saqqar Awatif Soaded , Al-Bayaty Batool Mohammed
Published: March 2024

Porcelanite rocks were selected to be the dual media with sand in this study to improve the performance of the filtration process in water treatment plants. The work required installing a pilot filtration unit in the location of the filters in one of the water treatment plants, so the experimental work was performed on the same influent water of the filters in the plant (the effluent from the sedimentation tank. The pilot filtration consists of three plastic column filters, working parallel and simultaneously. The first contains 70 cm sand (the same type used in the filters of the plant), the second and third were dual filters (porcelanite with sand) of different depths and sizes using different filtration rates (5, 10, and 15 m/hr). The results showed that the dual filters had better performance than sand filters in turbidity and bacterial removal, less initial head losses and less total head losses at different filtration rates.
INCREASING THE ADSORPTION SURFACE AREA OF ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Sulaymon Abbas H. , Ebrahim Shahlaa E.
Published: March 2024

Experiments were carried out to study the effect of various activated carbon-glass beads weight ratios, influent phenol concentrations, flow rate and bed depth on the performance of fixed bed adsorption column. The equilibrium data and interparticle diffusion coefficients obtained from separate experiments in a batch adsorber were fitted with theoretical model. The effect of adding different weight ratios of an inert solid material to the adsorbent bed in the adsorption process of phenol onto activated carbon was carried out. Adding 5 wt % glass beads to the activated carbon bed reduces the amount of activated carbon by 5% and increases the operating time by 80%.. Increasing the glass beads from 10 wt % and above makes the adsorption process inefficient compared with 0 wt % glass beads. A mathematical model was achieved to describe the mass transfer kinetics in a fixed bed column. The results show that the mathematical model includes external mass transfer and pore diffusion using nonlinear isotherms, provides a good description of the adsorption process for phenol in fixed bed adsorber.
BEHAVIOUR OF CROSS - PLY LAMINATED HYBRID COMPOSITE PLATES WITH AN INCLINED CRACK SUBJECTED TO A UNIFORM TEMPERATURE RISE
Authors: Faidh-Allah Majid H.
Published: March 2024

Thermal buckling analysis of symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply laminated hybrid composite plates with an inclined crack subjected to a uniform temperature rise are presented in  this paper. The first-order shear deformation theory in conjunction with variational energy method is employed in the mathematical formulation. The eight-node Lagrangian finite element technique is used for obtaining the thermal buckling temperatures of hybrid composite laminates. The effects of crack size and lay-up sequences on the thermal buckling temperatures for symmetric and a antisymmetric plates are investigated. The results are shown in graphical form for various boundary conditions. Finally , from this paper, the following main results have been found from which the buckling temperature is affected the larger crack length more than the small crack length, together with other result that the buckling temperature of the plate for every perforation angle is to increase while crack length is increasing
THE HARMONIC CURRENTS GENERATED BY 6-PULSE , AC|DC CONVERTER WITH THE USE OF AC VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Authors: Abdulsada Mohammed Abdulla , Al-killidar Ali A. , Al-Azawi Ziad
Published: March 2024

In this paper , a theoretical and experimental analysis of harmonic currents generated by 6-pulse, ac|dc converter with the use of ac voltage regulator is presented. The theoretical analysis is simulated using Fourier series analysis and Fast Fourier Transform ( FFT ) algorithm . The simulated analysis is validated with experimental results from 3-phase , 6-pulse , bridge converter rated at 4.2 Kw and connected to the 400 V , 50 Hz , ac power supply through a 3-phase , ac voltage regulator . The influence of dc load inductance on the ac harmonic current amplitudes is also evaluated.
SECTIONAL CURVATURE DUCTILTY OF REINFORECD CONCRETE COLUMNS UNDER LARGE INELASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors: Al-Azzawi Raad K.
Published: March 2024

A mathematical model is developed to express stress-strain relationship of normal-strength concrete confined by transverse reinforcement. The sectional ductility analysis on rectangular reinforced concrete columns is performed under axial load. Analytical modals available in the literatures for confinement concrete by different types of transverse reinforcement are used. A parametric study is performed to study the influence of these parameters on the curvature ductility of reinforced concrete columns. The main parameters introduced are the amount of longitudinal reinforcement, amount of transverse reinforcement, tie spacing and the level of the compression axial force. The experimental and analytical results available in the literatures are being compared with present study.
STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF STIFFENED PLATE USED IN MACHINE TOOL COLUMN
Authors: Alazzawy Wedad I.
Published: March 2024

Static behavior (under torsion and bending loading) of machine tool column was studied in this paper. The effects of changing the cross sectional area of the column itself on the deformations (design parameters) was investigated. The adding of stiffeners and changing the stiffeners cross sectional area are also verified. The results show that using of stiffeners can produse a great reduction in deformation of the column structure under the stastic loading mentioned above. Also using stiffeners with different cross-sectional areas suggest the best stiffener cross-sectional shape can be used to give the minimum deformations of column structure. Dynamic analysis of column involves calculating natural frequencies and mode of different column structure mentioned above, these frequencies are fairly insensitive of adding stiffeners to colmn structures.