bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum computing for fusion energy science applications
Authors: Joseph I. , Shi Y. , Porter M. D. , Castelli A. R. , Geyko V. I. , Graziani F. R. , Libby S. B. , DuBois J. L.
Published: January 2023

This is a review of recent research exploring and extending present-day quantum computing capabilities for fusion energy science applications. We begin with a brief tutorial on both ideal and open quantum dynamics, universal quantum computation, and quantum algorithms. Then, we explore the topic of using quantum computers to simulate both linear and nonlinear dynamics in greater detail. Because quantum computers can only efficiently perform linear operations on the quantum state, it is challenging to perform nonlinear operations that are generically required to describe the nonlinear differential equations of interest. In this work, we extend previous results on embedding nonlinear systems within linear systems by explicitly deriving the connection between the Koopman evolution operator, the Perron–Frobenius evolution operator, and the Koopman–von Neumann evolution (KvN) operator. We also explicitly derive the connection between the Koopman and Carleman approaches to embedding. Extension of the KvN framework to the complex-analytic setting relevant to Carleman embedding, and the proof that different choices of complex analytic reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces depend on the choice of Hilbert space metric are covered in the appendixes. Finally, we conclude with a review of recent quantum hardware implementations of algorithms on present-day quantum hardware platforms that may one day be accelerated through Hamiltonian simulation. We discuss the simulation of toy models of wave–particle interactions through the simulation of quantum maps and of wave–wave interactions important in nonlinear plasma dynamics.
Experimental investigation on submerged water jet wrapped in an annular gas jet
Authors: Li Yang , Jiang Yunhua , Shen Le , Zou Zhihui , Wang Hanrui , Yang Mao
Published: January 2023

To reduce the energy dissipation of the submerged water jet, a series of experiments of the submerged water jet wrapped in an annular gas jet are performed under different gas ventilation rates, annular sizes, water jet nozzle diameters, and water jet velocities in a transparent water tank. In the experiments, a ventilated cavity is created by the annular gas jet that encloses the submerged water jet. The submerged water jet is separated from the surrounding water within a certain distance after leaving the nozzle exit by the ventilated cavity, which contributes to the effective working length of the submerged water jet significantly increasing, referring to the energy dissipation decrease. Furthermore, the geometry of the ventilated cavity changes periodically, i.e., the cavity length and diameter decrease after increasing to the peak values in each cycle. Moreover, the ventilated cavity development process can be mainly divided into formation, collapse, and intermission stages. The maximum cavity length of the ventilated cavity decrease with the per unit time momentum ratio between the water jet and the gas jet. Namely, the per unit time momentum ratio between the water jet and the gas jet is the dominating parameter of the cavity geometry.
Multimodal manifestation of ta’ârof in Persian
Authors: Farahandouz Farbod , Moallemi Shima
Published: January 2023

The present research investigates the multimodal aspect of ta’ârof, a politeness ritual essential in many interpersonal interactions in Persian. We studied the opening sequences of interactions in an Iranian talk show to illustrate how gestures are used to express self-lowering and other-raising strategies between the host of the show and his guests. To analyze our corpus, we used NEUROGES® coding system to annotate gestures. Three categories of gestures (on body, on person, and egocentric deictic) were investigated and the results showed that they all have a pragmatic performative function and contribute to the meaning construction of ta’ârof in greeting sequences. In addition, age and gender have been identified as influential factors in the use of gesture to express politeness in Persian.
Within-speaker accommodation behavior in apology-centered interactions
Authors: Ibrahim Omnia , Hübscher Iris
Published: January 2023

The present study explores the extent to which vocal accommodation in conflicting situations can be explained by socio-pragmatic factors such as interpersonal relationships (i.e., politeness) and pragmatic events occurring in apology-centered interactions. A total of 28 dyadic conversations where 14 target speakers (8 males and 6 females) interacted in apology-centered role-plays with a status superior and a friend interlocutor were annotated phonetically, orthographically, pragmatically and analyzed separately. Accommodation was measured with the difference-in-distance paradigm comparing the first and last 30% of the conversations. The main results indicate that the conversations with a status superior are characterized by more divergent behavior than the conversations with a friend. These findings suggest that interpersonal power dynamics between interlocutors could serve as a predictor for accommodation behavior.
Perceptual changes between adults and children for multimodal im/politeness in Japanese
Authors: Shochi Takaaki , Rilliard Albert , Erickson Donna
Published: January 2023

Japanese im/politeness attitudes are conveyed by audiovisual prosody in tandem with lexical markers. This chapter reports on two experiments about the acquisition by Japanese elementary school children of prosodic codes and social categories. The first experiment studied the perceived degree of politeness and its social use, and the second, the perceived similarity between the expressivities conveyed in pairs of expressions. An analysis of the audiovisual performances showed the types of changes in pitch and range in line with symbolic frequency and effort codes. The perceptual results showed that children learn to use and recognize im/polite expressions in a socially adequate fashion between 6 to 10 years old, thus showing an underlying growing cultural coherence gained with age.
Multimodal markers of irony in televised discourse
Authors: Lehmann Claudia
Published: January 2023

This paper analyses multimodal features of two ironic constructions (Tell me about it and syntactically independent as if clauses) in television discourse. The results of the quantitative analysis show that a slower tempo, gaze aversion, raised eyebrows, smiles and head movements are features of ironic Tell me about it, while a lowered mean pitch, a pause after the clause and head tilts are more frequent with syntactically independent as if clauses. Furthermore, a subtype of independent as if clauses is distinguished, which is marked by a faster tempo, a pause before the clause, but no pauses within, and raised eyebrows. These results suggest that verbal irony is marked differently depending on the function the ironic construction fulfils.
“He offered an apologetic smile”
Authors: Jucker Andreas H.
Published: January 2023

This contribution focuses on the multimodal aspects of apologies. In terms of politeness and face management, apologies are ambivalent. They are redressive and indicate a concern for the hearer, but they also include a certain amount of self-blame and thus threaten the speaker’s own positive face. Narrative descriptions of apologetic gestures were retrieved from the
Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) through the collocation profiles of apology expressions. Such gestures may occur in isolation without a spoken apology, or they may occur together with a more or less explicit apology. In many cases, the apologetic gesture helps to discursively negotiate the severity of an event that may have been perceived as an offence and the speaker’s responsibility for it.
Classification of cervicogenic dizziness
Authors: Sung Yun-Hee
Published: January 2023

Objective

Cervicogenic dizziness is currently excluded from diagnosis because of the insufficient understanding of the causes underlying this condition. To solve this problem, it is necessary to understand the cause of cervicogenic dizziness.

Methods

Literature research in PubMed and google scholar.

Results

The total number of included studies was 59.

Conclusion

Cervicogenic dizziness is a topic of debate. Among patients with dizziness, some patients frequently complain of lightheadedness, headache, and pain along with dizziness rather than true vertigo. Many clinicians mention that representative symptoms of cervicogenic dizziness are difficult to identify because these symptoms may be caused by other diseases. This study explained the causes of cervicogenic dizziness by dividing them into three categories (neuro-vascular problem, spine disease and soft tissue problems caused by with or without trauma) and six factors (sympathetic dysfunction, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, cervical degenerative disease, rheumatoid arthritis, accidents with trauma, and abnormal posture without trauma).
Tex2 is required for lysosomal functions at TMEM55-dependent ER membrane contact sites
Authors: Du Yuanjiao , Chang Weiping , Gao Lei , Deng Lin , Ji Wei-Ke
Published: January 2023

ER tubules form and maintain membrane contact sites (MCSs) with late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/lys). The molecular composition and cellular functions of these MCSs are poorly understood. Here, we find that Tex2, an SMP domain-containing lipid transfer protein conserved in metazoan and yeast, is a tubular ER protein and is recruited to ER–LE/lys MCSs by TMEM55, phosphatases that convert PI(4,5)P2 to PI5P on LE/lys. We show that the Tex2–TMEM55 interaction occurs between an N-terminal region of Tex2 and a catalytic motif in the PTase domain of TMEM55. The Tex2–TMEM55 interaction can be regulated by endosome-resident type 2 PI4K activities. Functionally, Tex2 knockout results in defects in lysosomal trafficking, digestive capacity, and lipid composition of LE/lys membranes. Together, our data identify Tex2 as a tubular ER protein that resides at TMEM55-dependent ER–LE/lys MCSs required for lysosomal functions.
Nanoscale structural organization and stoichiometry of the budding yeast kinetochore
Authors: Cieslinski Konstanty , Wu Yu-Le , Nechyporenko Lisa , Hörner Sarah Janice , Conti Duccio , Skruzny Michal , Ries Jonas
Published: January 2023

Proper chromosome segregation is crucial for cell division. In eukaryotes, this is achieved by the kinetochore, an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex that physically links the DNA to spindle microtubules and takes an active role in monitoring and correcting erroneous spindle–chromosome attachments. Our mechanistic understanding of these functions and how they ensure an error-free outcome of mitosis is still limited, partly because we lack a complete understanding of the kinetochore structure in the cell. In this study, we use single-molecule localization microscopy to visualize individual kinetochore complexes in situ in budding yeast. For major kinetochore proteins, we measured their abundance and position within the metaphase kinetochore. Based on this comprehensive dataset, we propose a quantitative model of the budding yeast kinetochore. While confirming many aspects of previous reports based on bulk imaging, our results present a unifying nanoscale model of the kinetochore in budding yeast.
Unraveling the kinetochore nanostructure in Schizosaccharomyces pombe using multi-color SMLM imaging
Authors: Virant David , Vojnovic Ilijana , Winkelmeier Jannik , Endesfelder Marc , Turkowyd Bartosz , Lando David , Endesfelder Ulrike
Published: January 2023

The key to ensuring proper chromosome segregation during mitosis is the kinetochore (KT), a tightly regulated multiprotein complex that links the centromeric chromatin to the spindle microtubules and as such leads the segregation process. Understanding its architecture, function, and regulation is therefore essential. However, due to its complexity and dynamics, only its individual subcomplexes could be studied in structural detail so far. In this study, we construct a nanometer-precise in situ map of the human-like regional KT of Schizosaccharomyces pombe using multi-color single-molecule localization microscopy. We measure each protein of interest (POI) in conjunction with two references, cnp1CENP-A at the centromere and sad1 at the spindle pole. This allows us to determine cell cycle and mitotic plane, and to visualize individual centromere regions separately. We determine protein distances within the complex using Bayesian inference, establish the stoichiometry of each POI and, consequently, build an in situ KT model with unprecedented precision, providing new insights into the architecture.
Comparative investigation of semipolar (11–22) GaN grown on patterned (113) Si with different V/III ratios via MOCVD
Authors: Mao Bangyao , Xing Shu’an , Zhao Guijuan , Wang Lianshan , Zhang Ning , Du Hailong , Liu Guipeng
Published: January 2023

We report on the growth of high-quality semi-polar (11–22) GaN with a smooth surface on a patterned Si (113) substrate by delicately tuning the V/III ratio in a three-step approach. The 2 μm wide stripe SiO2 is first prepared by photolithography on the Si (113), and trenches were etched in Si (113) using KOH to expose Si (1–11) sidewalls. Subsequently, an AlN layer is grown on the (1–11) surface to prevent Ga-melting back etching, finally a high-temperature GaN layer and a low-temperature GaN layer are deposited. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the sample with V/III ratio for each step is 700/1500/1500 has the most smooth surface, and atomic force microscopy also showed that the root means square of the sample was only 5.2 nm (2 μm × 2 μm). The orientation of the GaN are examined by high resolution x-ray diffraction. In addition, x-ray rocking curve not only proved that GaN has anisotropy, but also demonstrated the existence of strain in the samples. The room temperature Raman and photoluminescence spectra confirmed the strain in the samples and showed a very low density of basal plane stacking faults.
Soliton solutions of coupled resonant Davey-Stewartson system and modulation instability analysis
Authors: Onder Ismail , Secer Aydin , Bayram Mustafa
Published: January 2023

In this paper, coupled resonant Davey-Stewartson (CRDS) system is studied. The resonant concept is quite important in fluid dynamics, magneto-acoustic waves and plasma physics. CRDS system models the two-wave propagation with periodic wave patterns and short-long wave propagation. Our primary aim is obtaining soliton solutions of this important CRDS system via generalized F-expansion method (GFEM) and auxiliary equation method (AEM). As a result of the application of the aforementioned methods to the model, soliton solutions both known in the literature and a rare type have been obtained. We obtained dark, bright, periodic-singular, two-dark and two-bright soliton solutions. Also, two-dark and two-bright soliton solutions are quite rare soliton types according to the literature research. The 3D and contour graphics of the obtained soliton solutions were drawn. On the other hand, we did modulation instability (MI) analysis on obtained solutions and according to the MI analysis, obtained results are clearly stable. As far as we know, the relevant methods were applied for the first time to this model. Again, modulation instability analysis was performed on the model for the first time. Therefore, the study includes innovative reviews and conclusions.
Detailed studies on structural, morphological, optical, magnetic and mossbauer properties of Cu-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Ergin İ , İçin K , Güngüneş H , Özçelik B
Published: January 2023

In this research, the effect on the morphology, structure, optic, magnetic and Mossbauer features of Cu2+ doping in Co1−xCuxFe2O4 (x = 0.0–1.0) nanoparticles fabricated using the sol-gel auto-combustion reaction method were investigated. The mainly pure phase structure of Co-spinel was observed in x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The sizes of crystal were observed in between 28.77–36.25 nm. The fundamental vibrational bands of the nanoparticles have been found at 426 and 602 cm−1 wavelengths via the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. The most of Co2+ ions are located at the A site and that substitution by Cu+2 ions at the octahedral site for x = 0.0, 0.25, and 0.50. for x = 0.75 content, the Mössbauer results show that some Cu2+ ions are present in both A and B sites. Magnetization measurements at room temperature show that Cu2+ substitution into Co-ferrite significantly changes the magnetic quantities such as coercivity field (Hc), remnant (Mr) and saturation magnetization (Ms). Magnetic hysteresis curves obtained at room temperature show well-known S-shaped features for all nanoparticles with Ms values of 51.5–64.4 emu g−1, Mr values of 31–36 emu g−1 and H

c
values of 429.5–1447.8 Oe.
Kinetically driven thermal roughening of semiconductor surfaces: experiment on GaAs and Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Kazantsev D M , Akhundov I O , Kozhuhov A S , Khoroshilov V S , Shwartz N L , Alperovich V L , Latyshev A V
Published: January 2023

We present the results of GaAs annealing experiments in the conditions near equilibrium, which clarify the reasons of the transition from surface smoothing to roughening at temperatures above 650 °C. The roughening is due to kinetic instabilities arising under deviation of annealing conditions towards growth or sublimation. These instabilities reveal themselves in appearing islands (for sublimation) and pits (for growth) of multilayer heights and depths, respectively. The islands and pits appear due to the motion of atomic steps through surface spots, at which sublimation and growth are suppressed. Pinning of the steps at these spots also lead to step bunching at surfaces with sufficiently small terrace widths. This explanation is consistent with Monte Carlo simulations of atomic processes on the GaAs surface. The similarity and distinctions in surface roughening under sublimation and growth, along with the role of Schwöbel barrier, are discussed. Annealing experiments in the cavities, which are formed by GaAs substrates with well-controlled atomic step densities enabled us to clarify the roughening mechanisms and to improve the efficiency of GaAs thermal smoothing technique by increasing smoothing temperature up to 775 °C.
Characterization of structural, dynamic, optoelectronic, thermodynamic, mechanical and thermoelectric properties of AMgF3 (A = K or Ag) fluoro-perovskites compounds
Authors: Sâad Essaoud Saber , Al Azar Said M , Mousa Ahmad A , Masharfe Riad S
Published: January 2023

Born effective charges Z(i),β α

*, dielectric tensors ε

α,β
and the dynamic stability for AgMgF3 and KMgF3 compounds were treated based on the harmonic and quasi-harmonic theory implemented in phonopy code. The band gap for both compounds, and the effective masses of electrons and holes are calculated at different pressures using the TB-mBJ (GGA) approximation within the framework of the density functional theory. Furthermore, absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, reflectivity, and optical conductivity, for both compounds, were calculated. On the other hand, we studied the nature of atomic bonds by the topological distribution of the charge density as well as computing the effective charge of each atom based on the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) as implemented in Bader code, therefore the ionic type for bonds was explored. The mechanical stability was verified the elastic behavior at the equilibrium ground-state for both compounds. Thermal properties such as heat capacity at constant volume, entropy, Debye temperature, and thermal expansion coefficient are treated depending on the quasi-harmonic model. They are examined under both pressure and temperature influences. The thermoelectric properties of the compound AgMgF3 showed a high figure of merit (ZT) reached 0.75 at a temperature of 300 K in the case if it was grafted with a concentration of 1021 cm−3 of n-type.
General high-order lump solutions and their dynamics in the Levi equations
Authors: Zhang Qing , Tang Yaning , Zhang Yetong , Wang Yan
Published: January 2023

General high-order lump solutions are derived for the Levi equations based on the Hirota bilinear method and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy reduction technique. These lump solutions are given in terms of Gram determinants whose matrix elements are connected to Schur polynomials. Thus, our solutions have explicit algebraic expressions. Their dynamic behaviors are analyzed by using density maps. It is shown that when the absolute value of one group of these internal parameters in the lump solutions is very large, lump solutions exhibit obvious geometric structures. Interestingly, we have shown that their initial and middle state solutions possess various exciting geometric patterns, including hexagon, decagon, tetradecagon, etc and other quasi-structures in addition to the standard triangle, pentagon type patterns. Because the internal parameters are not complex conjugates of each other, the dynamic behaviors of solutions are richer. These results make several contributions to the current literature and have a number of important implications for further analysis of fluid dynamics in non-homogeneous media.
Electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of halide double perovskites Rb2AgInX6 (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Hnuna Lai , Pachuau Z
Published: January 2023

In the last decades, lead-based perovskites have been substantially investigated due to their superior efficiency in photovoltaics. However, owing to the harmful effect of lead, the search for other environmentally friendly materials is vital. Recently, halide double perovskites have gained attention due to their environmental friendliness and potential applications in solar cells and thermoelectric devices. The energy gap, optical and thermoelectric parameters of Rb2AgIn(Cl/Br/I)6 halide double perovskites compounds were investigated using Wien2k and BoltzTraP2 code based on DFT. The energy gap was 2.62 eV, 1.74, and 0.56 eV for Rb2AgIn(Cl/Br/I)6 at the Γ-points, which were direct bandgaps. More states were localized near the upper valence band, closer to the fermi energy, than near the lower conduction band, suggesting that Rb2AgIn(Cl/Br/I)6 was p-type. The fundamental edge of absorption arises at 2.48 eV, 1.67 eV, and 0.45 eV for Rb2AgIn(Cl/Br/I)6. The optical bandgaps calculated using the Tauc plot were 2.59 eV, 1.7 eV, and 0.49 eV for Rb2AgIn(Cl/Br/I)6. The first absorption band illustrates that these halide double perovskite compounds show high

α

ω

in the visible spectrum, with maximum absorption in the UV region. The Seebeck coefficient was positive, indicating the presence of p-type carriers. The calculated hole concentrations at room temperature were 3.08 × 1020 cm−3, 1.72 × 1020 cm−3, and 8.37 × 1019 cm−3 for Rb2AgInCl6, Rb2AgInBr6 and Rb2AgInI6 respectively. Large Seebeck coefficients with high thermoelectric efficiencies (greater than unity at room temperature) were observed for these halide double perovskites compounds.
Effective field theory of magnetogenesis identify necessary and sufficient conditions
Authors: Kushwaha Ashu , Naskar Abhishek , Nandi Debottam , Shankaranarayanan S.
Published: January 2023

At astrophysical and cosmological scales, there is a detectable amount of magnetic field. There are several probable origins for this observed magnetic
field, including the possibility of its origin in the early Universe. There are several models for primordial magnetogenesis, and if the inflationary background is taken into account, broken conformal invariance is required to generate a sufficient amount of magnetic field. The breaking of conformal invariance is introduced either by new couplings
between electromagnetic field and inflaton field or including higher derivative terms to the theory.
As a step to unify these different approaches in the literature, we propose an Effective Field Theory (EFT) approach based on expansion about the Hubble parameter (H) and its derivatives, where EFT parameters describe the magnetogenesis scenario in the early Universe, and different choices of parameters correspond to different models.

We explicitly show that the generation of primordial magnetic fields requires two necessary conditions — conformal invariance breaking and causal propagation. While broken conformal invariance is a common requirement for primordial magnetogenesis, for the first time, we show that causal propagation is also a necessary condition. We confirm this by considering a specific model of primordial magnetogenesis.
The role of saturable absorbers thickness in the Q-switching of the erbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Ajmal Rizwan , Bibi Shakeela , Ahmed Rizwan , Sohail M , Asghar H , Umar Z A , Shahzad N , Baig M A
Published: January 2023

A passively Q-switched Erbium (Er3+) doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on a ZnO saturable absorber (SA) prepared using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique is demonstrated. The in-situ monitoring of the thickness in the PLD system enabled the control of the SA’s thickness during the growth. The thickness of the SA was varied and the output characteristics of the fiber laser with all thicknesses are compared. This study reveals that the performance and efficiency of an EDFL including pulse repetition rates, pulse duration, pulse energy, peak power, stability, and signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by varying the thickness of the SA. Based on the thickness of the SA, the optimized results are also presented. These findings suggest that the thickness control of the SA film grown directly on the fiber ferrule facilitates much-improved EDFL that has potential applications in pulsed laser sources.
Fab-to-fab and run-to-run variability in 130 nm and 65 nm CMOS technologies exposed to ultra-high TID
Authors: Termo G. , Borghello G. , Faccio F. , Michelis S. , Koukab A. , Sallese J.-M.
Published: January 2023

The discovery of a large fab-to-fab variability in the TID response of the CMOS technologies used in the design of ASICs for the particle detectors of the HL-LHC triggered a monitoring effort to verify the consistency of the CMOS production process over time. As of 2014, 22 chips from 3 different fabs in 130 nm CMOS technology and 11 chips from 2 different fabs in 65 nm CMOS technology have been irradiated to ultra-high doses, ranging from 100 Mrad(SiO2) to 1 Grad(SiO2). This unprecedented monitoring effort revealed significant fab-to-fab and run-to-run variability, both dependent on the characteristics of the MOS transistors.
Corrigendum to “𝜔-categorical structures avoiding height 1 identities”
Authors: Bodirsky M. , Mottet A. , Olšák M. , Opršal J. , Pinsker M. , Willard R.
Published: January 2023

We correct the funding information for the article mentioned in the title.
Efficacy of brief behavioural therapy for insomnia in older adults with chronic insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis from randomised trials
Authors: Chen Yen-Chin , Lu Tsung-Hua , Ku En-Ni , Chen Chia-Te , Fang Ching-Ju , Lai Pei-Chun , Liu Chieh-Hsiu
Published: January 2023

Background

chronic insomnia is a highly prevalent and persistent health concern among older adults, and it has significant adverse effects on cognitive function and physical health.

Objectives

the study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a brief 4-week behavioural therapy for insomnia (BBTi) on insomnia remission in older adults with chronic insomnia.

Design

a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted.

Subjects

adults aged 60 years or older.

Methods

eight electronic databases were systematically searched through the end of March 2022. Studies followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement.

Results

four randomised controlled trials (190 subjects) were included. The mean age of the participants was 69.06 (65.10–71.65), and 29.9% (27.3–32.3%) were male. Older adults who received the BBTi showed a significant insomnia remission (standardised mean differences, −1.07; 95% confidence interval, −1.43 to −0.71; I2, 0%). Sleep parameters measured by actigraphy revealed that in older adults, the BBTi program significantly improved total sleep time, wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep onset latency (SOL) and sleep efficacy (SE) compared to the controls. For the subjective sleep parameters measured the by sleep diary, older adults who received BBTi obtained a more effective improvement in WASO, SE and SOL. The overall risk of bias was mostly low or of some concern due to the difficulty of blinding participants and assessors.

Conclusions

a 4-week BBTi program can be considered an effective and nonselective intervention for insomnia remission among older adults with chronic insomnia and thereby has the potential to ameliorate WASO, SE and SOL.
Histologic Features of Syphilitic Gastritis: A Rare but Resurging Imitator of Common Diseases
Authors: Assarzadegan Naziheh , Fang Jiayun M , Voltaggio Lysandra , Riddell Robert H , Montgomery Elizabeth A , McDonald Oliver G , Coates Ryan , Carneiro Fatima , Lauwers Gregory Y , Kamionek Michal , Lamps Laura W , Westerhoff Maria
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The range of histopathologic features of gastric syphilis is not well described. Here we describe the clinicopathologic findings of eight patients with syphilitic gastritis.

Methods

A search of our Pathology Data System (2003-2022) and multiple other institutions identified eight patients with syphilitic gastritis. Clinical information, pathology reports, and available slides were reviewed.

Results

Lesions predominated in middle-aged adults (mean age, 47.2 years; range, 23-61 years) with a propensity for men (n = 7). Three patients had a documented history of human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical presentations included weight loss, abdominal pain, hematochezia, fever, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, hematemesis, anemia, and early satiety. Endoscopic findings included ulcerations, erosions, abnormal mucosa, and nodularity. All specimens shared an active chronic gastritis pattern with intense lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, variable plasma cells, and gland loss. Prominent lymphoid aggregates were seen in four specimens. The diagnosis was confirmed either by immunostain for Treponema pallidum (n = 7) or by direct immunofluorescence staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 1). All patients with available follow-up data showed resolution of symptoms after antibiotic therapy (n = 4).

Conclusions

Recognition of the histologic pattern of syphilitic gastritis facilitates timely treatment, prevents further transmission, and avoids unnecessarily aggressive treatment.
Analyzing anatomy over three dimensions unpacks the differences in mesophyll diffusive area between sun and shadeVitis viniferaleaves
Authors: Théroux-Rancourt Guillaume , Herrera José Carlos , Voggeneder Klara , De Berardinis Federica , Luijken Natascha , Nocker Laura , Savi Tadeja , Scheffknecht Susanne , Schneck Moritz , Tholen Danny
Published: January 2023

Leaves grown at different light intensities exhibit considerable differences in physiology, morphology and anatomy. Because plant leaves develop over three dimensions, analyses of the leaf structure should account for differences in lengths, surfaces, as well as volumes. In this manuscript, we set out to disentangle the mesophyll surface area available for diffusion per leaf area (Sm,LA) into underlying one-, two- and three-dimensional components. This allowed us to estimate the contribution of each component to Sm,LA, a whole-leaf trait known to link structure and function. We introduce the novel concept of a ‘stomatal vaporshed,’ i.e. the intercellular airspace unit most closely connected to a single stoma, and use it to describe the stomata-to-diffusive-surface pathway. To illustrate our new theoretical framework, we grew two cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. under high and low light, imaged 3D leaf anatomy using microcomputed tomography (microCT) and measured leaf gas exchange. Leaves grown under high light were less porous and thicker. Our analysis showed that these two traits and the lower Sm per mesophyll cell volume (Sm,Vcl) in sun leaves could almost completely explain the difference in Sm,LA. Further, the studied cultivars exhibited different responses in carbon assimilation per photosynthesizing cell volume (AVcl). While Cabernet Sauvignon maintained AVcl constant between sun and shade leaves, it was lower in Blaufränkisch sun leaves. This difference may be related to genotype-specific strategies in building the stomata-to-diffusive-surface pathway.
An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences on the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory Among Veterans Completing the Comprehensive Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluation: A Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program Study
Authors: Sakamoto McKenna S , Hanson Karen L , Chanfreau-Coffinier Catherine , Lai Mark H C , Román Cristina A F , Clark Alexandra L , Marquine María J , Delano-Wood Lisa , Merritt Victoria C ,   the VA Million Veteran Program
Published: January 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore racial/ethnic differences in neurobehavioral symptom reporting and symptom validity testing among military veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method

Participants of this observational cross-sectional study (N = 9,646) were post-deployed Iraq-/Afghanistan-era veterans enrolled in the VA’s Million Veteran Program with a clinician-confirmed history of TBI on the Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE). Racial/ethnic groups included White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Multiracial, Another Race, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Dependent variables included neurobehavioral symptom domains and symptom validity assessed via the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and Validity-10, respectively.

Results

Chi-square analyses showed significant racial/ethnic group differences for vestibular, somatic/sensory, and affective symptoms as well as for all Validity-10 cutoff scores examined (≥33, ≥27, ≥26, >22, ≥22, ≥13, and ≥7). Follow-up analyses compared all racial/ethnic groups to one another, adjusting for sociodemographic- and injury-related characteristics. These analyses revealed that the affective symptom domain and the Validity-10 cutoff of ≥13 revealed the greatest number of racial/ethnic differences.

Conclusions

Results showed significant racial/ethnic group differences on neurobehavioral symptom domains and symptom validity testing among veterans who completed the CTBIE. An enhanced understanding of how symptoms vary by race/ethnicity is vital so that clinical care can be appropriately tailored to the unique needs of all veterans. Results highlight the importance of establishing measurement invariance of the NSI across race/ethnicity and underscore the need for ongoing research to determine the most appropriate Validity-10 cutoff score(s) to use across racially/ethnically diverse veterans.
Persuader-receiver neural coupling underlies persuasive messaging and predicts persuasion outcome
Authors: Li Yangzhuo , Luo Xiaoxiao , Wang Keying , Li Xianchun
Published: January 2023

Opportunities to persuade and be persuaded are ubiquitous. What interpersonal neural pathway in real-world settings determining successful information propagation in naturalistic two-person persuasion scenarios? Hereby, we extended prior research on a naturalistic dyadic persuasion paradigm (NDP) using dual-fNIRS protocol simultaneously measured the neural activity from persuader-receiver dyads while they engaged in a modified “Arctic Survival Task.” Investigating whether neural coupling between persuaders and receivers underpinning of persuading and predict persuasion outcomes (i.e., receiver’s compliance). Broadly, we indicated that the persuasive arguments increase neural coupling significantly compared to non-persuasive arguments in the left superior temporal gyrus-superior frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus-inferior frontal gyrus. G-causality indices further revealed the coupling directionality of information flows between the persuader and receiver. Critically, the neural coupling could be a better predictor of persuasion outcomes relative to traditional self-report measures. Eventually, temporal dynamics neural coupling incorporating video recording revealed neural coupling marked the micro-level processes in response to persuading messages and possibly reflecting the time that persuasion might occurs. The initial case of the arguments with targeted views is valuable as the first step in encouraging the receiver’s compliance. Our investigation represented an innovative interpersonal approach toward comprehending the neuroscience and psychology underlying complex and true persuasion.
Bicuspid aortic valve durability with valve-sparing aortic root replacement: comparison to tricuspid valve
Authors: Levine Dov , Patel Parth , Zhao Yanling , Childress Patra , Chung Megan , Leshnower Bradley G , Kurlansky Paul , Smith Craig R , Chen Edward P , Takayama Hiroo
Published: January 2023

Figure created with BioRender.com.

OBJECTIVES

Outcomes beyond 10 years for David V valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients have yet to be explored. We investigated long-term outcomes after BAV VSARR compared to VSARR for tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients.

METHODS

A total of 677 patients with BAV (n = 171) and TAV (n = 506) underwent VSARR between 2005 and 2020 from 2 aortic centres, excluding those with dissection, endocarditis, stenosis or prior aortic valve (AV) surgery. Multivariable Cox regression compared adjusted survival over a 12-year period. Fine and Gray competing risk regression compared risk and cumulative incidence of reoperation/reintervention. Propensity score matching created balanced groups, and landmark analysis isolated outcomes beginning 4 years postoperatively. Finally, longitudinal mixed modelling assessed AV deterioration on echocardiogram.

RESULTS

No difference was observed in 12-year survival of BAV versus TAV (propensity score matching 92.0% vs 89.9%, P = 0.97; multivariable hazard ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.34–1.69, P = 0.51). Adjusted 12-year cumulative incidence and risk of AV and/or proximal aorta reoperation/reintervention were not observed to be different (15.7% BAV vs 5.7% TAV, P = 0.37; subdistribution hazard ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 0.60–3.94, P = 0.36); however, landmark analysis showed increased incidence of late reoperation/reintervention in BAV versus TAV (11.7% vs 0.0%, P = 0.04). BAV was not associated with AV deterioration over time (BAV coefficient ± standard error: 0 ± 0.30, P = 1).

CONCLUSIONS

VSARR for BAV patients has excellent 12-year survival and low reoperation/reintervention rates, which were not observed to be different from TAV patients. However, higher incidence of reoperation/reintervention was observed in the late years after BAV VSARR. Our study provides key information for surgical consultation of patients with bicuspid aortopathy.
Music and love in Sigismondo Fanti’s Triompho di Fortuna (1527)
Authors: Page Annabelle
Published: January 2023

As he explains at great length in his introduction, Sigismondo Fanti painstakingly calculated and constructed his Triompho di Fortuna with the purpose of enlightening its reader as to their fortunes following on from a given situation in their life. Every step along the somewhat convoluted journey towards discovering one’s fortune is accompanied by richly meaningful imagery. The illustrations not only, in some cases, summarize the text, but also make persistent connections between the playing of the game and broader intellectual, military and artistic culture.

Music appears in multiple visual forms throughout the book. Some of the ‘Wheels’ forming part of the journey through the game are given musical characters (‘Wheel of Music’, ‘Wheel of the Lyre’). A very large cycle of portraits appearing alongside some segments of the game includes musicians ranging from mythological figures to Fanti’s contemporaries. And among the tiny woodcut scenes that accompany and characterize the various fortunes at the end of the book are several musical scenes. A substantial proportion of the questions and answers provided by the book concern love, and it is with fortunes concerned with love that musical scenes are most often associated, shading across the topics of sex, romance, decorum and faithfulness.

In this article—the first to expose Fanti’s the Triompho di Fortuna as a rich, multidisciplinary source—the connections proposed in the book between different aspects of love and their musical characterization will be discussed and contextualized.
COLON TARGETED DELIVERY AND STABILIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR LOCAL TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
Authors: Yadav Vipul , Matiz Silvia , Thomaidou Stavrina
Published: January 2023

In the era of biologics where IBD treatment has been transformed by potent antibody-based therapeutics, a key challenge still remains, to develop orally administered antibody medicines for chronic GI inflammation. This is primarily due to the challenges in accurate oral targeted delivery of drugs to the lower GI tract and the inherent enzymatic instability of antibodies in these harsh luminal environment. As a result, all antibody therapeutics in clinical development and on the market are available only as an injection leading to undesired adverse effects due to high systemic exposure and suboptimal therapeutic response due to insufficient antibody levels at the inflamed tissue.

We have developed a suite of delivery technologies that are designed to bypass the harsher stomach and small intestinal conditions of the GI tract and achieve accurate targeted release and enzymatic stabilization of the antibody therapeutics in the colon. The delivery platform comprises of a film coating which is applied on the outside of the pill. The coating is a clinically validated polymer coating comprising of a combination of pH sensitive polymer and polysaccharide that is designed to start releasing drugs only when exposed to the correct pH and/or colonic bacteria, dramatically improving on the inconsistent colonic release profiles of solely pH-based coatings. The second component is in the core of the pill, a cocktail of amino acid-based excipients that are mixed together with the antibody and protects the drug from pancreatic and bacterial origin protease enzymes, allowing high luminal antibody concentration build-up that leads to inflamed tissue/systemic uptake through a combination of active and passive diffusion.

We demonstrated in an acute DSS mouse model of colitis the effective colonic delivery and stabilization of an anti-IL6 antibody leading to superior uptake into the tissue compared IP injection. The superior tissue level demonstrated higher downregulation of target IL6.

We are working to leverage the delivery technology for oral delivery of a variety of anti-inflammatory and epithelial wound healing protein modalities such as monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, cytokines, VHHs and peptides to allow for broad therapeutic interventions in indications such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, pouchitis and celiac disease.

Mechanism of oral colon targeted delivery of therapeutic antibodies in local treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

In-vivo PK of anti-IL6 antibody in acute DSS colitis mouse model. A. Impact of stabilization on antibody levels in the colon lumen compared to naked antibody and injected antibody. B. Impact of stabilization on colon tissue uptake. C. Effect of tissue conc. on colon tissue IL6 target downregulation.
DEVELOPMENT OF NANOPARTICLE-ENCAPSULATED BRD4 INHIBITORS FOR NOVEL EPIGENETIC THERAPEUTICS OF IBD
Authors: Shah Mansi , Ma Zonghui , Chen Haiying , Cong Yingzi , Zhou Jia , Rytting Erik , Tian Bing
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic intestinal disorders that are typically categorized as one of two subtypes: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We have found that epigenetic regulator bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is critical in controlling expression of IBD-associated inflammatory cytokine networks. Targeting BRD4 represents a novel therapeutic strategy by modulating IBD-associated inflammatory networks for effective treatment of IBD. Previously, we have successfully identified highly potent and specific BRD4 inhibitors which significantly suppressed colonic mucosal inflammation and chronicity in several animal models of IBD.

One of the most pressing challenges in current IBD research is to develop technologies to enable mucosal targeted drug delivery systems that enhance efficacy and decrease side effects. At current study, we further examined the in vivo efficacy of our nano-encapsulated BRD4 inhibitors on animal models of IBD as well as their in vivo and in vitro safety evaluation.

METHODS

BRD4 inhibitors were encapsulated into biodegradable nanoparticles by a modified solvent displacement method using a polymeric matrix of PEGylated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Drug metabolism/pharmacokinetic (DMPK) profiling of these Nano-BRD4 inhibitors were examined for their in vivo drug release test and in vitro safety evaluation. In vivo efficacy of Nano-BRD4 inhibitors were evaluated in IBD animal models of both dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute or chronic colitis, oxazolone (OXA)-induced colitis and Cbir1 T Cell Transfer-induced colitis.

RESULTS

Drug release test in vivo and in vitro safety evaluation of Nano-BRD4 inhibitors indicate their good DMPK potential and low toxicity. Oral administration of Nano-BRD4 inhibitors at the dosage of 1 mg/kg effectively block colonic inflammation in both DSS-induced acute or chronic colitis, OXA-induced colitis and Cbir1 T Cell Transfer-induced colitis of mice. Nano-BRD4 inhibitors significantly reduced mucosal inflammation and restores tissue architecture in colon of IBD animal models. Furthermore, Nano-BRD4 inhibitors blocked DSS-, OXA-, and Cbir1 T Cell Transfer-induced induced expression of inflammatory cytokine.

CONCLUSION

Our nano-encapsulated BRD4 inhibitors effectively block colonic inflammation in our established multiple animal models of IBD. Drug release test in vivo and in vitro safety evaluation of Nano-BRD4 inhibitors indicate their good DMPK potential and low toxicity. Local delivery of nanoparticle-encapsulated BRD4 inhibitors would offer superior epigenetic pharmacotherapy for IBD with higher efficacy, specific delivery, long-lasting release, and a better therapeutic and safety window.

FUNDING SUPPORT

Litwin IBD Pioneers Program and Entrepreneurial Investing (EI) Initiative award from the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America.