bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home-prepared dog food: benefits and downsides
Authors: Ionică Claudiu-Nicușor , Daina Sorana , Pop Romelia , Macri Adrian
Published: February 2025

Home-prepared diets for dogs, formulated by owners using conventional household ingredients, provide a distinctive means of managing canine nutrition. This method enables precise dietary adjustments tailored to an individual dog’s specific physiological and health requirements, often employing ingredients shared with human diets. For some owners, such diets are perceived as a natural and transparent alternative to commercial pet food, which is occasionally associated with potential long-term health risks. Despite the potential benefits of home-prepared diets, their formulation requires meticulous planning to ensure nutritional adequacy. Diets lacking input from nutrition experts may result in deficiencies or imbalances, posing significant health risks to dogs. This paper critically evaluates the advantages and limitations of home-prepared dog food, underscoring the necessity of professional oversight in developing nutritionally complete and safe feeding regimens.
Metabolic pathways to sustainability: review of purple non-sulfur bacteria potential in agri-food waste valorization
Authors: Bayon-Vicente Guillaume , Toubeau Laura , Gilson Manon , Gégo Guillaume , Landgey Nishitha , Krings Simone , Leroy Baptiste
Published: February 2025

Agri-food waste (AFW) represents a significant fraction of the material generated by the agri-food industry, which itself accounts for almost one-third of the annual global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Considering the growing global population and the consequent rise in food demand, the management and valorization of this waste are essential to ensure the sustainability of the entire food chain for future generations. Recycling agri-food waste offers a promising strategy to mitigate the sector’s environmental impact, particularly when the waste consists of food-grade materials that enhance its intrinsic value. Retaining such products within the agri-food chain by converting them into feed or food, a process referred to as “waste upcycling,” is therefore of critical importance. Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are emerging as promising candidates for AFW upcycling due to their remarkable metabolic versatility, which allows them to metabolize a wide range of organic substrates, including carbohydrates, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and alcohols, into valuable microbial biomass. This biomass is notably rich in superior quality proteins, vitamins, pigments, and other high-value compounds. The phototrophic metabolism of PNSB is particularly advantageous for organic matter valorization, as the carbon conversion yield approaches unity by utilizing light as an energy source. This review explores the potential of PNSB in upcycling AFW streams derived from various sources, such as fruit and vegetable residues, as well as effluents from the dairy, brewery, and sugar industries. The pre-treatment methods required to optimize substrate availability are also discussed. Furthermore, we examine the metabolic pathways utilized by PNSB under phototrophic conditions to assimilate the most common carbon substrates found in AFW, highlighting critical gaps in our understanding of their metabolism. Additionally, challenges and opportunities in AFW valorization, with a focus on PNSB applications, are identified. This review underscores recent advancements and ongoing challenges, emphasizing the potential role of PNSB in driving sustainable circular bioeconomy applications for AFW.
Implications of draxin in neurological disorders
Authors: Shinmyo Yohei
Published: February 2025

Axon guidance proteins not only play a role in the formation of proper neural circuits but also have other important functions, such as cell survival, migration, and proliferation in the brain. Therefore, mutations in the genes encoding these proteins frequently cause various types of neurological disorders, including psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. We previously identified an axon guidance protein, draxin, that is essential for the development of several neural circuits and cell survival in the brain. Recently, the deletion of the draxin gene was identified in an inbred BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR/J) mouse, which is a widely used model of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), suggesting that draxin deletion is a genetic factor for ASD-like characteristics in BTBR/J mice. In this review, I summarize the neuroanatomical abnormalities in draxin knockout mice by comparing them to BTBR/J mice and discuss the possible contributions of draxin to anatomical and behavioral phenotypes in BTBR/J mice.
Adherence to phase I cardiac rehabilitation in post-PCI patients: a latent class analysis
Authors: Chai Zhuo , Fan Yuxuan , Gong Xue , Zhang Yue , Hu Yanling , Li Xiaowei , Fan Zhiqing , Han Yongkui
Published: February 2025

Background

Coronary heart disease seriously jeopardizes human health and has become a principal public health problem of global concern. While percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) repairs narrowed arteries and extends patients' lives, cardiac rehabilitation offers additional benefits post-PCI. Numerous previous studies have shown that cardiac rehabilitation can inhibit the progression of atherosclerotic plaques in patients after coronary intervention, effectively controlling patients' clinical symptoms and improving their quality of life. However, the current status of adherence to phase I cardiac rehabilitation is poor, and the variation in adherence to phase I cardiac rehabilitation among post-PCI patients in China are not well understood. This study aimed to identify the heterogeneity of adherence to phase I cardiac rehabilitation and its influencing factors in post-PCI patients through latent class analysis (LCA) to support individualized interventions.

Methods

PCI patients (N = 212) admitted to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Daqing Oilfield General Hospital in Heilongjiang Province were selected to complete the General Demographic Information Questionnaire, Cardiac Rehabilitation Adherence Scale for Coronary Heart Disease Patients, Cardiac Rehabilitation Knowledge Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Social Support Rating Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-Swedish Version (TSK-SV), and Chronic Disease Resource Survey Questionnaire at the end of phase I cardiac rehabilitation. Latent class analysis identified potential categories of adherence to phase I cardiac rehabilitation in post-PCI patients. Logistic regression analyzed the factors influencing the different categories.

Results

Adherence to phase I cardiac rehabilitation in post-PCI patients was classified into three groups: Good Adherence (31.2%), Poor Nutritional and Psychological Management (32.0%), and Lack of Exercise (36.8%). Limited social support, poor utilization of chronic disease resources, low education level, a history of alcohol consumption, and kinesiophobia are factors influencing the different latent subgroups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Heterogeneity exists in the adherence to phase I cardiac rehabilitation of post-PCI patients. Healthcare professionals should implement targeted interventions based on the characteristics of each category to improve adherence.
Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of hub genes in ischemic heart failure and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhou Meimei , Xu Youkang , Zhang Lili , Yang Yushan , Zheng Jiejiao
Published: February 2025

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist and mutually influence each other. The association between AF and the subtype of HF, Ischaemic heart failure (IHF), remains insufficiently described, despite their high prevalence. Hence, comprehending their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and identifying new therapeutic targets are urgently needed.

Objective

This exploration aims to unearth related genes and pathways of IHF and AF, offering new perspectives for their joint diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

Datasets for HF (GSE57338) and AF (GSE128188) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Intersecting these sets generated common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for further analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and hub gene identification. Subsequently, the HF dataset (GSE116250) and AF dataset (GSE2240) were utilized to confirm the expression of the hub genes, followed by examination of gene expression patterns across cells in single-cell datasets.

Results

The study identified 20 common DEGs. Among them, 10 hub genes (SFRP4, FMOD, HAPLN1, LTBP2, SVEP1, BCL6, ANPEP, CD38, ATRNL1, and BEX1) were found to be associated with the co-occurrence of IHF and AF. Enrichment analysis revealed the predominant involvement of these hub genes in extracellular matrix (ECM). Data from the Uniprot database revealed the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in the development and progression of AF and IHF. Single-cell analysis demonstrated high gene expression primarily in monocytes.

Conclusion

The identified 10 hub genes can serve as potentially valuable biomarkers for IHF and AF. Enrichment analysis reveals that these potential biomarkers are significantly associated with ECM, nicotinate, and nicotinamide metabolism, providing a foundational target for the joint diagnosis and treatment of the two diseases.
Flexural properties of rapidly prototyped denture base materials: the effect of nanoparticle addition and post-curing duration in vitro
Authors: Fouda Shaimaa M. , Gad Mohammed M. , Zayat Mai El , Khan Soban Q. , Akhtar Sultan , Othman Ahmed , von See Constantin
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The flexural strength and elastic modulus of rapidly prototyped denture base materials are affected by numerous factors including reinforcement with nanoparticles (NPs) and post-curing duration (PCD), though the effect of these two factors together has been overlooked. The present study tested the effect of nanodiamonds (NDs) or silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SNPs) with various PCDs on the flexural strength and elastic modulus of rapidly prototyped denture base materials.

Methods

To measure the flexural strength and elastic modulus, bar-shaped specimens (64 × 10 × 3.3 mm) were designed and rapidly prototyped using ASIGA and NextDent denture base resins. Each resin (N = 150) was divided into five groups (n = 30) according to NP type and concentrations: pure group as a control without additives, 0.25% NDs, 0.5% NDs, 0.25% SNPs, and 0.5% SNPs. Specimens from each group were further divided into three groups (n = 10) and post-cured for 15, 60, or 90 min, followed by thermocycling for 5,000 cycles. After measuring the flexural strength and elastic modulus using a three-point bending test, a scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the fractured surface. The bonds between the NPs and the resin were tested by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).

Results

The flexural strength increased with prolonged PCD and the highest values for all tested groups were reported at 90 min (P < 0.001). The flexural strength of both materials increased significantly with the addition of NDs and SNPs in comparison to the pure groups (P < 0.05). K-factor ANOVA analysis of the elastic modulus showed that each factor (NP type, PCD, and material type) had a significant effect on the elastic modulus (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The flexural strength and elastic modulus of rapidly prototyped denture base resin were increased with the addition of NDs or SNPs and when increasing the PCD. Factors including nanoparticle type and concentration, the post-curing duration, and the material type solely or in combination could affect the flexural strength and elastic modulus of prototyped denture base materials.
Numerical case study of a clear-air turbulence event over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Haiwen , Dai Zhenzhen , Wang Kun , Wu Kaijun , Zhou Kuo , Chen Meng , Zhang Wenlong
Published: February 2025

The Tibetan Plateau is known as the “Third Pole”. However, there are few studies on clear-air turbulence (CAT) event over the Tibetan Plateau. On 11 February 2023, a severe clear-air turbulence (CAT) event occurred along Lhasa-Chongqing route. To verify the role of mountain waves in this aircraft turbulence event, using ERA5 reanalysis data and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, the characteristics and generation mechanisms of this event are investigated. In synoptic features, the warm advection in the lower troposphere benefits the atmospheric instability, promoting the development of atmospheric turbulence. The CAT primarily occurred near the upper-level jet stream core. The significant vertical wind shear decreases the Richardson number (Ri). Kelvin–Helmholtz (K-H) instability with small Ri generates the CAT. To a certain extent, the WRF model can reproduce this turbulence event and accurately simulate the vertical motions over the plateau. Though previous studies indicated that the Tibetan Plateau is one of the main causes of CAT along Sichuan-Tibet route for the complex topography, our results of terrain sensitive experiments reveal that the topography of the plateau has little impact on this turbulence event. Therefore, K-H instability related to tropopause folding is the main mechanism causing this aircraft turbulence.
Assessing the utility of live data streams across existing and planned university buildings
Authors: Markiewicz William , Wilczynski Vince , Dorsey Julie , Wilson Duncan , Elwell Clifford
Published: February 2025

This study provides a theoretical and practical assessment of the potential benefits of live data streams, as used in digital twins, relating to a building’s running cost and carbon emissions. This is a significant issue, as there is a rise in the demand of digital twins and smart buildings in industry, and the energy savings that could be achieved should be assessed, as it relates to building automation and function. The study considers theoretical assessments based on existing standards and practical assessments on university buildings in London, United Kingdom and New Haven, Connecticut, United States, and is particularly focused on how data-driven controls can improve the energy efficiency of the buildings considered. Using data from the building’s building management systems and energy monitoring software, operational building data analysis was carried out on buildings in London and New Haven. Informed by the studies of both buildings, an assessment against ISO 52120-1:2021 was carried out for the existing building in New Haven, and a planned new university complex in New Haven. The comparative study between the London and New Haven building found that 29% of noteworthy cases identified for the London building were also observed in New Haven. The most significant energy saving opportunities, such as signs of overcooling and not adhering to scheduled shutdowns, were found to be present in both buildings. From a baseline state of low building automation, three states of increasing Building Automation and Control capability were defined as “must have”, “should have”, and “could have”. The mean expected energy savings for these were 5%, 7%, and 9% respectively. The implications of this study are that energy savings can be achieved in existing and planned education buildings, and that opportunities can be identified using enhanced building automation described in ISO 52120-1:2021. It also highlights the challenges with using ISO 52120 to fully quantify the energy savings due to enhanced automation and live data streams, especially for buildings with laboratory areas, which are not covered by ISO 52120, and which typically make up a much higher proportion of a building’s energy footprint than office areas.
“COVID-19 affected me greatly (sigh), imagine I'm being called a mother and yet I'm also a child”: the effect of COVID-19 on fertility management practices among women in Nairobi and Kisumu cities, Kenya
Authors: Kwena Zachary Arochi , Wekesa Pauline , Gitome Serah , Okumu Sarah , Ndunyu Louisa , Bukusi Elizabeth , Himes Emily , Holt Kelsey , Liu Jenny , Vallin Janelli , Suchman Lauren
Published: February 2025

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic strained the provision of sexual and reproductive health services, including family planning, which were categorized as non-essential services at the peak of COVID-19 infection control in Kenya. We set out to assess the effect of COVID-19 on fertility management practices among Kenyan women in two cities to inform mitigation measures in future similar disruptions.

Methods

This was a qualitative study to describe the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's fertility management practices from 61 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with women aged 15–45 years residing in Nairobi and Kisumu, Kenya, between February and May 2021. Identified participants were consented and interviewed at convenient locations. We used a constant comparative analysis that compared emergent themes across topics and transcripts to identify and group those that are similar or dissimilar to arrive at insights that informed our conclusions.

Results

Our findings show that COVID-19 affected women's fertility management practices at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. At the individual level, lack of money due to COVID-19-induced economic difficulties made family planning services unaffordable to women. Other women delayed their conception plans until their financial situation improved. At the interpersonal level, travel restrictions separated couples, making it challenging for those who had plans to conceive to actualize their fertility plans. Additionally, women who reported to be sexually inactive relaxed adherence to their contraceptive use schedule because of the reduced risk of unintended pregnancy. Finally, at the organizational level, provider shortages, long queues, and contraceptive stockouts during COVID-19 compromised women's access to family planning services. We also found that a minority of women who were either not using contraceptives or who were on long-acting methods perceived little or no effect of COVID-19 on their fertility management practices.

Conclusion

COVID-19's effect on women's fertility management practices manifested at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. There is a need to devise strategies that empower women to deal with their family planning needs and those that make healthcare systems resilient enough to handle the effects of emergent crises without compromising the provision of existing services.
Treatment at the end of life in patients with advanced melanoma. A multicenter DeCOG study of 1067 patients from the prospective skin cancer registry ADOReg
Authors: Forschner Andrea , Kähler Katharina C. , Gschnell Martin , Langan Ewan A. , Weishaupt Carsten , Meiss Frank , Thoms Kai-Martin , Wahl Renate U. , Göppner Daniela , Garzarolli Marlene , Sachse Michael , Schlaak Max , Reitmajer Markus , Kellner Ivonne , Gesierich Anja , Mohr Peter , Meier Friedegund , von Wasielewski Imke , Herbst Rudolf , Utikal Jochen , Pföhler Claudia , Ulrich Jens , Terheyden Patrick , Kaatz Martin , Haferkamp Sebastian , Leiter Ulrike , Ugurel Selma , Weichenthal Michael , Berking Carola , Gutzmer Ralf , Schadendorf Dirk , Nanz Lena , Loquai Carmen
Published: February 2025

Background

Although systemic therapies have improved considerably over the last decade, up to 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma still die due to disease progression. Oncological treatment at the end-of-life phase is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of systemic therapy received by melanoma patients in their end-of-life phase.

Methods

Patients with metastatic melanoma who had died between January 1, 2018 and October 31, 2022 were identified from the prospective multicenter skin cancer registry ADOReg. Study endpoints were percentage of patients who had been treated with systemic therapy within the last three months of life, timepoint of initiation of the last-line therapy, overall survival, treatment benefit and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events.

Results

In total, 1067 patients from 46 skin cancer centers were included. Most of the patients (63%) had received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as last-line therapy, 22% targeted therapies (TT) and 12% chemotherapy (CTX). Comparing last-line ICI and TT, patients with TT were significantly more likely to benefit from treatment and had significantly fewer and milder treatment-related AE than patients with ICI. Even though two thirds of patients had received ICI as a last-line therapy, the majority of these patients (61%) had stopped therapy within the last 30 days of life, whereas the majority of patients with TT (66%) still continued their treatment to the end of life. We found markedly fewer patients with initiation of ICI within 30 days before their death (19%) compared to a historic cohort including patients who died in 2016 or 2017 (39%).

Conclusion

Treatment approaches near the end of life have markedly changed in skin cancer centers in Germany over recent years, with ICI prescribed less frequently in the end-of-life phase. In contrast, TT are frequently administered, even within the last 30 days of life. It should also be considered that discontinuation of TT can result in rapid tumor progression. Due to the oral administration and a low rate of severe toxicity, TT appear to be a suitable treatment option, even in the end-of-life situation of melanoma patients.
IFIT3: a crucial mediator in innate immunity and tumor progression with therapeutic implications
Authors: Wu Rihan , Yang Hao , Liu Chunlei
Published: February 2025

Interferon-Induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 3 (IFIT3) plays a dual role in innate immunity and tumor immunity, functioning as both a viral defense molecule and a regulator of tumor progression. This review explores the mechanisms through which IFIT3 modulates immune responses, including interferon signaling, RIG-I-like receptors, and the NF-κB pathway. IFIT3 facilitates immune evasion and promotes inflammation-mediated tumor growth by regulating immune checkpoints and the tumor microenvironment, its emerging role as a target for cancer immunotherapy opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies. Finally, this paper underscores IFIT3’s potential clinical applications in the modulation of tumor immunity, highlighting the need for further research on IFIT3-targeted therapies.
Allelic variations in putative antimalarial drug resistance and vaccine candidate genes among Plasmodium vivax reference genomes
Authors: Tamang Suman , Arya Aditi , Singh Vineeta
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread Plasmodium spp. globally and the second most common cause of human malaria. However, very little is known about its biology due to the lack of continuous in vitro/ex vivo culture. In such circumstances, genomic studies provide an alternative for understanding the biology of P. vivax parasites. To date, most of the genomic studies on P. vivax have been based on Sal-I as a reference genome; however, with the recent release of the PvP01 and PvW1 reference genomes with higher quality and improved assemblies following continual improvements in annotation, the adoption of these genomes as a reference for genomic studies appears more advantageous. In this study, allelic differences in putative antimalarial drug resistance genes and vaccine candidate genes with assembly features of these three genomes are analyzed and summarized.

Methods

The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of five P. vivax putative antimalarial drug resistance genes and three vaccine candidate genes for all three reference genomes (i.e., Sal-I, PvP01, and PvW1) were retrieved from PlasmoDB and aligned together using MEGA11. Any differences in the nucleotide and codon sequences between the genomes were recorded.

Results

Various allelic differences in the putative antimalarial drug resistance and vaccine candidate genes between the three reference genomes were observed, which included the positions previously identified as candidate markers for these gene variants.

Conclusions

As antimalarial drug resistance genotyping studies rely on candidate genetic markers to classify resistant or sensitive parasites, knowledge of the allelic differences among references is important. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the vaccine candidate genes should be taken into account when designing vaccines for P. vivax.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri regulates gut microbiota and increases the effective metabolite luteolin to inhibit MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathway to alleviate allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zhang Mingyan , Sun Xuewei , Yu Xiang , Xu Li , Zhang Xinrui , Zhang Ruonan , Lu Han , Wang Yujie , Xue Fei , Zhang Ting , Tang Chengliang , Wu Zihan , Zhang Zhuohan , Zhu Jin , Cui Qian , Yang Zhan , Cheng You
Published: February 2025

The global prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) remains high, posing challenges due to its chronic nature and propensity for recurrence. Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to immune dysregulation, impacting AR pathogenesis. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) has great potential in regulating immune function to alleviate AR symptoms. However, the specific active components and mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects in AR remain incompletely clarified. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of L. reuteri and its metabolites in alleviating AR. The AR mouse model was constructed using ovalbumin (OVA). The analysis of hematoxylin–eosin staining (HE staining) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested that L. reuteri alleviated nasal inflammation, suppressed aberrant Th2 immune responses, and modulated the balance of Treg and Th17 cytokines. The 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolic analysis revealed that L. reuteri restored gut microbiota composition and significantly increased the abundance of Ligilactobacillus and the metabolite luteolin (LO). Through ELISA and Western blotting analysis, LO treatment restored the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cytokine balance and suppressed the MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathway in AR mice. The study highlights LO as a key metabolite contributing to the anti-inflammatory effects of L. reuteri, suggesting potential avenues for future therapeutic strategies in AR management.
Mobile genetic elements encoding antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae: important pathways for the acquisition of virulence and resistance
Authors: Han Bin , Feng Chunlin , Jiang Yuan , Ye Caihong , Wei Yueshuai , Liu Jinbo , Zeng Zhangrui
Published: February 2025

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen primarily associated with nosocomial infections, characterized by a propensity for multi-drug resistance and the potential evolution into hypervirulent strains. Based on its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, K. pneumoniae can be classified into two types: classical K. pneumoniae (cKP) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP). The spread of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in K. pneumoniae has led to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) and carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (CR-hvKP). The emergence of CR-hvKP is particularly concerning due to its multidrug resistance, high pathogenicity, and increased transmissibility. This review summarizes the types of MGEs present in K. pneumoniae, the mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mediated by these mobile elements, their roles in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes, and the relationships among MGEs that resemble Russian dolls or exhibit hybrid characteristics. Additionally, the clinical treatment and epidemiological characteristics of CR-hvKP are discussed. Given the high variability and transmissibility of MGEs, continuous monitoring and control of the variation and transmission of such genetic material in K. pneumoniae should be prioritized.
Effects of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles on cyanobacterium Nostoc linckia: an experimental study
Authors: Cepoi Liliana , Rudi Ludmila , Chiriac Tatiana , Valuta Ana , Codreanu Svetlana , Mitina Tatiana , Codreanu Liviu
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are increasingly explored for their biological interactions with various organisms, including cyanobacteria, due to their unique properties and potential applications. This study investigates the effects of CuNPs and CuONPs on the cyanobacterium Nostoc linckia (Roth) Born et Flah CNMN-CB-03, focusing on biomass accumulation, biochemical content, pigment composition, and microscopic structural changes.

Methods

Nostoc linckia cultures were exposed to CuNPs and CuONPs at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 30 mg/L. The impact on biomass, protein, pigment, lipid content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and bioaccumulation of copper was assessed, alongside microscopic analysis to observe any structural modifications in trichomes.

Results

The effects of CuNPs and CuONPs on Nostoc linckia were distinct. Under high concentrations of CuNPs exposure, reductions in biomass, protein content, and pigments were observed, whereas lipid and MDA content increased significantly. Similarly, CuONPs caused a marked increase in lipid and MDA levels, suggesting oxidative stress despite the comparatively moderate alterations in other biochemical parameters. Both nanoparticle types, however, caused notable bioaccumulation of copper and structural modification in Nostoc linckia cells expressed in trichome fragmentation, chromaticity changes, and variations in heterocyst numbers and size in treated samples.

Conclusion

CuNPs and CuONPs exhibit differential effects on Nostoc linckia, influencing biochemical composition, pigment profiles, and cellular structure. These findings contribute to understanding nanoparticle interactions with cyanobacteria and highlight the distinct impact of nanoparticle composition on microbial systems.
Late pandemic COVID-19 positivity at the time of thrombectomy is associated with poor outcomes and tandem carotid pathology
Authors: Thompson Lewis John Rubin , Houk Clifton , Ellens Nathaniel R. , Kohli Gurkirat Singh , Schartz Derrek , Proper Diana , Bhalla Tarun , Bender Matthew T. , Mattingly Thomas K.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Studies from early in the pandemic show increased rates of unfavorable recanalization, poor outcomes, and mortality in patients who were COVID-19 positive at the time of mechanical thrombectomy. However, there are currently no studies examining these parameters during the later pandemic when circulating variants were less virulent.

Materials and methods

We performed a retrospective review of mechanical thrombectomies from 12/2020 to 3/2023. Patients who were COVID-19 positive at the time of thrombectomy were included. Demographic, procedural, and 90-day functional outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Of 306 patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke between 12/2020 and 3/2023, 18 were COVID-19 positive. Compared with the COVID-19 negative cohort, there were lower rates of favorable recanalization (73% vs. 92%, p = 0.03) and good functional outcomes (26% vs. 49%, p = 0.06), but greater tandem carotid pathology (42% vs. 12%, p < 0.01), and a higher mortality rate (53% vs. 26%, p = 0.02). However, COVID-19 positive status did not predict outcomes in multivariable analysis when controlled for age, NIHSS, IV tPA, recanalization status, and tandem carotid pathology.

Conclusion

Late in the pandemic, outcomes remained comparable to those observed in the early pandemic for patients positive for COVID-19 at the time of mechanical thrombectomy. This case series also demonstrates increased tandem carotid pathology in the COVID-19 cohort. While COVID-19 may not influence outcome to the degree that age and NIHSS do, the excess mortality continues to suggest a negative effect despite lower virulence.
Clinical study of the relationship between hepatitis B core antibody and mechanical ventilation in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yao Qian , Wang Yuqiao , Yin Junxiong , Yang Xinxin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positivity and the need of mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 159 patients who were diagnosed with GBS between December 2014 and April 2023 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the need for MV. Variables that were significantly different between the two groups in univariate analysis were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

The final study population included 159 patients, 28 (17.6%) of whom need MV. In univariate analysis, Medical Research council sum score (MRC) on admission (p < 0.001), bulbar paralysis (p < 0.001), autonomic dysfunction (p < 0.001), HBcAb (p = 0.009), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p < 0.001), and Serum albumin (p = 0.016) were associated with MV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed lower MRC on admission (OR = 0.946, 95%CI: 0.908–0.985, p = 0.008), bulbar paralysis (OR = 3.726, 95%CI: 1.118–12.421, p = 0.032), autonomic dysfunction (OR = 3.804, 95%CI: 1.058–13.679, p = 0.041), HBcAb positivity (OR = 6.154, 95%CI: 1.253–30.229, p = 0.025), and higher NLR (OR = 1.214, 95%CI: 1.039–1.417, p = 0.014) were the risk factors for the need of MV in patients with GBS.

Conclusion

HBcAb positivity increased the risk of MV in patients with GBS. Lower MRC on admission, bulbar paralysis, autonomic dysfunction, and higher NLR were the risk factors for the need for MV.
Case report: Exploring cortico-muscular coherence during Mirror visual feedback for deafferentation pain: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Segawa Shiori , Osumi Michihiro
Published: February 2025

Background

Mirror visual feedback (MVF) has shown promise as a treatment for deafferentation pain following brachial plexus injury, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to assess MVF’s effect on two patients with deafferentation pain by analyzing cortico-muscular coherence (CMC), a measure of functional connectivity between the brain and muscles.

Methods

Two patients with brachial plexus injuries performed wrist movements with and without a mirror, accompanied by electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG). CMC was calculated during each condition to determine changes in the sensorimotor network.

Results

In Patient 1, CMC increased in the beta band in the extensor carpi radialis and surrounding parietal regions during the mirror condition. In Patient 2, beta-band CMC decreased in the compensatory muscle (biceps brachii) but increased in the primary muscle (flexor carpi ulnaris) when the mirror was used. These findings suggest MVF promotes sensorimotor integration, reducing pain intensity.

Conclusion

Mirror visual feedback (MVF) effectively enhances CMC in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex in the beta frequency band, accompanied by pain relief in the affected limb. This suggests that CMC analysis could refine deafferentation pain rehabilitation using MVF, providing a better understanding of its neural mechanisms and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Our study underscores the potential of CMC as a valuable biomarker for monitoring and tailoring MVF interventions.
Disconnection between sugars reduction and calorie reduction in baked goods and breakfast cereals with sugars-related nutrient content claims in the Canadian marketplace
Authors: Wang Ye Flora , Marsden Sandra , DiAngelo Chiara , Clarke Abigail , Chung Anita , Yu Jessica , Fan Zhongqi , Cooper Julian , Kitts David
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Nutrition claims aim to highlight key attributes in foods and assist consumers to make informed dietary choices. Consumers generally perceive products with claims related to lower sugars content as being healthier. Food manufacturers also use these claims to highlight reformulation action in response to consumer demands and government policies.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of baked goods and breakfast cereals in the Canadian marketplace was conducted, focusing on the use of sugars-related nutrient content claims (i.e., “no added sugars,” “lower/reduced in sugars,” “sugar-free”) and changes in nutrients and energy content in reformulation strategies. Baked goods and breakfast cereals with sugars-related claims in Canada as of December 2022 were obtained from the Mintel Global New Products Database. Current product availability was verified using websites from manufacturers and major food retailers. Corresponding reference products were identified based on claim criteria specified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Differences in energy, macronutrient content and key ingredients involved in sugars reformulation were assessed between claim and reference products.

Results

A total of 111 baked goods and 23 breakfast cereal products were included. No significant difference was found in mean energy content between the claim and reference products for all subcategories, except for “unsweetened” baked goods, where the energy content in claim products was significantly higher than that of the reference products (p < 0.001). Specifically, 49% of products with claims of “no added sugar,” 27% of “sugar-free,” and 23% of “lower/reduced in sugar” had higher energy content compared to corresponding reference products. Sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, non-nutritive sweeteners and starch were the top ingredients used in place of added sugars in claim products.

Conclusion

No significant difference in mean total energy content (per 100 g) between baked goods and breakfast cereals carrying sugars-related claims was found, despite various sugar reduction strategies. Thus, these claims could be misleading to consumers who expect such products to be lower in total calories. Food manufacturers are encouraged to reformulate products with improved calorie and nutrition profiles rather than using a single-nutrient focus. Consumers education on these issues can help them be mindful of the presence and unintended consequences of common sugar-replacement practices.
Brazilian real-world data of immunotherapy in extensive stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Duarte Flavia A. , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Diniz Paulo H. C. , e Silva Matheus C. , Veloso Gilson G. V. , Arcanjo Georgia S. , Paes Rafael , Montella Tatiane C. , Lima Helena F. C. A. , Ferrari Bruno L. , Macuzo Eliane V. , Ferreira Carlos G.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The landmarks of Thoracic Oncology in the last two decades have been accompanied by exponential growth in costs, making it imperative to assess the real benefit of incorporating new technologies. Combining immunotherapy (IO) with platinum-etoposide chemotherapy has become the standard of care in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, the absolute difference in overall survival (OS) has reached three months. This study aimed to investigate the impact of this intervention in a real-world cohort.

Material and methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from ES-SCLC patients (pts) from a Brazilian Oncology Group, diagnosed and treated between January 2018 and June 2022. The primary objectives were median OS (mOS) and median time to subsequent treatment (mTST) according to IO exposure in the first-line setting. Secondarily, we intend to compare these results with the literature data and with an internal and contemporary cohort of patients treated with chemotherapy alone.

Results

In total, 85 SCLC patients were included in this analysis. The median follow-up was nine months. First line regimens were atezolizumab + platinum-etoposide in 53%, platinum-etoposide in 36% and platinum-irinotecan in 11%. Among ES-SCLC pts who received IO in their first-line treatment, the mOS was 15.0 months (95% CI: 11.20; 18.80) and the mTST was 8.0 months (95% CI: 6.25; 9.75). As a reference, our internal and contemporary control presented numerically lower mOS and mTST: 9.0 months (95% CI: 2.08; 19.92) and 7.0 months (95% CI: 5.88; 8.12), respectively.

Discussion

Few real-world cohorts are evaluating the impact of IO in ES-SCLC, limited to high-income countries. Our data suggest that IO has a meaningful impact on the outcome of ES-SCLC in daily clinical practice, confirming previous trial results.
Retrospective BReast Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Multisite (BRIMM) multisoftware study
Authors: Basukala Dibash , Mikheev Artem , Li Xiaochun , Goldberg Judith D. , Gilani Nima , Moy Linda , Pinker Katja , Partridge Savannah C. , Biswas Debosmita , Kataoka Masako , Honda Maya , Iima Mami , Thakur Sunitha B. , Sigmund Eric E.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) provides imaging biomarkers for breast tumor characterization. It has been extensively applied for both diagnostic and prognostic goals in breast cancer, with increasing evidence supporting its clinical relevance. However, variable performance exists in literature owing to the heterogeneity in datasets and quantification methods.

Methods

This work used retrospective anonymized breast MRI data (302 patients) from three sites employing three different software utilizing least-squares segmented algorithms and Bayesian fit to estimate 1st order radiomics of IVIM parameters perfusion fraction (fp), pseudo-diffusion (Dp) and tissue diffusivity (Dt). Pearson correlation (r) coefficients between software pairs were computed while logistic regression model was implemented to test malignancy detection and assess robustness of the IVIM metrics.

Results

Dt and fp maps generated from different software showed consistency across platforms while Dp maps were variable. The average correlation between the three software pairs at three different sites for 1st order radiomics of IVIM parameters were Dtmin/Dtmax/Dtmean/Dtvariance/Dtskew/Dtkurt: 0.791/0.891/0.98/0.815/0.697/0.584; fpmax/fpmean/fpvariance/fpskew/fpkurt: 0.615/0.871/0.679/0.541/0.433; Dpmax/Dpmean/Dpvariance/Dpskew/Dpkurt: 0.616/0.56/0.587/0.454/0.51. Correlation between least-squares algorithms were the highest. Dtmean showed highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) with 0.85 and lowest coefficient of variation (CV) with 0.18% for benign and malignant differentiation using logistic regression. Dt metrics were highly diagnostic as well as consistent along with fp metrics.

Discussion

Multiple 1st order radiomic features of Dt and fp obtained from a heterogeneous multi-site breast lesion dataset showed strong software robustness and/or diagnostic utility, supporting their potential consideration in controlled prospective clinical trials.
Ginsenoside Ro ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice via the IBA1/GFAP-MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Tianyao , Chen Jiaxin , Xie Zhouyuan , Fang Jiansong , Wu Qiqing , Cao Xinyue , Chen Ziying , Wang Yiyun , Fan Qiqi , Wang Qi , Liu Jinman
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Ginseng, known as the “king of herbs,” has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine due to its beneficial properties, including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Ginsenosides, the active compounds in ginseng, have shown promise in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Ginsenoside Ro and its underlying mechanisms in AD treatment.

Methods

In this study, male APP/PS1 transgenic mice were divided into five groups and treated with Ginsenoside Ro or ginseng for one month. Cognitive function and anxiety were assessed through behavioral tests, including the open field test (OFT) and Morris water maze (MWM). To evaluate Aβ deposition, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and the MAPK pathway, various techniques were employed: Thioflavin-T staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and qRT-PCR analyses.

Results

Ginsenoside Ro significantly improved cognitive function and reduced anxiety in APP/PS1 mice. It also decreased Aβ deposition and ameliorated neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex. The treatment regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Caspase3) and increased the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Additionally, Ginsenoside Ro reduced neuroinflammation by decreasing IBA1-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes and lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines while enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK in the MAPK pathway were significantly reduced, suggesting a key mechanism for its therapeutic effects.

Discussion

These findings provide strong evidence supporting Ginsenoside Ro as a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease. Its effects appear to be mediated through the modulation of the IBA1/GFAP-MAPK pathway, which may offer new insights into AD treatment strategies.
Shuhe granule for insomnia: study protocol for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Gao Yu , Chen Xiangbin , Li Yuxi , Shen Yuchuan , Chen Xinyi , Xu Qing , Peng Mengling , Xu Wen , Yuan Jiamin , Hu Yuanyuan , Chen Xiankun , Xu Biyun , Yang Zhimin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Modern medical treatment of insomnia is often associated with issues like addiction, drug resistance, and a high risk of relapse post drug withdrawal. To tackle these challenges, the Chinese medicine formula Shuhe granule (SHG) has been employed in insomnia treatment at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. Despite this, there is currently a lack of reliable evidence from evidence-based trials to support the widespread use of SHG in insomnia treatment. Therefore, we have developed a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of SHG in insomnia treatment.

Method

This study will be a single-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel group, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving a total of 160 eligible patients aged between 18 and 65. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group, receiving SHG, or the placebo group receiving placebo granules. Follow-up visits will occur every 2 weeks from baseline to 2 months. The primary outcome is the perceived insomnia severity measured by the Insomnia Severity Index. The secondary outcome measures include the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fatigue Severity Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Visual Fatigue Analogue Scale, Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, and Polysomnography.

Discussion

The results of the study are expected to provide evidence of high methodological and reporting quality on the efficacy and safety of SHG for insomnia.

Trial Registration Numbers

http://itmctr.ccebtcm.org.cn/, ITMCTR2024000035.
Asiatic acid in anticancer effects: emerging roles and mechanisms
Authors: Chen Rong , Zhang Wan , Zhang Meizhi , Liu Weidong , Feng Weike , Zhang Yanan
Published: February 2025

Medicinal plants are crucial in the comprehensive treatment of anti-tumor with the advantages of high efficacy, low toxicity, multiple pathways and multi-targets synergy, leading to be a focal point of study for many oncologists. Identifying effective monomer components with anti-tumor properties from medicinal plants has long been a crucial focus in the study and development of traditional Chinese medicine. This endeavor has significant research value and promising possibilities for further advancement. Asiatic Acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, is used in traditional Chinese medicine and has been shown to have anti-tumor properties on a range of tumor types. The present study assessed the anti-tumor properties of AA from five different perspectives: inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting invasion and metastasis, regulating cell autophagy, enhancing the resistance of tumor cells to drugs, and minimizing adverse side effects.