bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big Data Analysis for Personalized Health Activities: Machine Learning Processing for Automatic Keyword Extraction Approach
Authors: Huh Jun-Ho
Published: April 2018

The obese population is increasing rapidly due to the change of lifestyle and diet habits. Obesity can cause various complications and is becoming a social disease. Nonetheless, many obese patients are unaware of the medical treatments that are right for them. Although a variety of online and offline obesity management services have been introduced, they are still not enough to attract the attention of users and are not much of help to solve the problem. Obesity healthcare and personalized health activities are the important factors. Since obesity is related to lifestyle habits, eating habits, and interests, I concluded that the big data analysis of these factors could deduce the problem. Therefore, I collected big data by applying the machine learning and crawling method to the unstructured citizen health data in Korea and the search data of Naver, which is a Korean portal company, and Google for keyword analysis for personalized health activities. It visualized the big data using text mining and word cloud. This study collected and analyzed the data concerning the interests related to obesity, change of interest on obesity, and treatment articles. The analysis showed a wide range of seasonal factors according to spring, summer, fall, and winter. It also visualized and completed the process of extracting the keywords appropriate for treatment of abdominal obesity and lower body obesity. The keyword big data analysis technique for personalized health activities proposed in this paper is based on individual’s interests, level of interest, and body type. Also, the user interface (UI) that visualizes the big data compatible with Android and Apple iOS. The users can see the data on the app screen. Many graphs and pictures can be seen via menu, and the significant data values are visualized through machine learning. Therefore, I expect that the big data analysis using various keywords specific to a person will result in measures for personalized treatment and health activities.
Interaction of the Mouse Polyomavirus Capsid Proteins with Importins Is Required for Efficient Import of Viral DNA into the Cell Nucleus
Authors: Soldatova Irina , Prilepskaja Terezie , Abrahamyan Levon , Forstová Jitka , Huérfano Sandra
Published: April 2018

The mechanism used by mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) to overcome the crowded cytosol to reach the nucleus has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the involvement of importin α/β1 mediated transport in the delivery of MPyV genomes into the nucleus. Interactions of the virus with importin β1 were studied by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay. For infectivity and nucleus delivery assays, the virus and its capsid proteins mutated in the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) were prepared and produced. We found that at early times post infection, virions bound importin β1 in a time dependent manner with a peak of interactions at 6 h post infection. Mutation analysis revealed that only when the NLSs of both VP1 and VP2/3 were disrupted, virus did not bind efficiently to importin β1 and its infectivity remarkably decreased (by 80%). Nuclear targeting of capsid proteins was improved when VP1 and VP2 were co-expressed. VP1 and VP2 were effectively delivered into the nucleus, even when one of the NLS, either VP1 or VP2, was disrupted. Altogether, our results showed that MPyV virions can use VP1 and/or VP2/VP3 NLSs in concert or individually to bind importins to deliver their genomes into the cell nucleus.
Exploiting a Phage-Bacterium Interaction System as a Molecular Switch to Decipher Macromolecular Interactions in the Living Cell
Authors: Surányi Éva , Hírmondó Rita , Nyíri Kinga , Tarjányi Szilvia , Kőhegyi Bianka , Tóth Judit , Vértessy Beáta
Published: April 2018

Pathogenicity islands of Staphylococcus aureus are under the strong control of helper phages, where regulation is communicated at the gene expression level via a family of specific repressor proteins. The repressor proteins are crucial to phage-host interactions and, based on their protein characteristics, may also be exploited as versatile molecular tools. The Stl repressor from this protein family has been recently investigated and although the binding site of Stl on DNA was recently discovered, there is a lack of knowledge on the specific protein segments involved in this interaction. Here, we develop a generally applicable system to reveal the mechanism of the interaction between Stl and its cognate DNA within the cellular environment. Our unbiased approach combines random mutagenesis with high-throughput analysis based on the lac operon to create a well-characterized gene expression system. Our results clearly indicate that, in addition to a previously implicated helix-turn-helix segment, other protein moieties also play decisive roles in the DNA binding capability of Stl. Structural model-based investigations provided a detailed understanding of Stl:DNA complex formation. The robustness and reliability of our novel test system were confirmed by several mutated Stl constructs, as well as by demonstrating the interaction between Stl and dUTPase from the Staphylococcal ϕ11 phage. Our system may be applied to high-throughput studies of protein:DNA and protein:protein interactions.
Passion Fruit Chlorotic Mottle Virus: Molecular Characterization of a New Divergent Geminivirus in Brazil
Authors: Fontenele Rafaela , Abreu Rayane , Lamas Natalia , Alves-Freitas Dione , Vidal Andreza , Poppiel Raul , Melo Fernando , Lacorte Cristiano , Martin Darren , Campos Magnolia , Varsani Arvind , Ribeiro Simone
Published: April 2018

Brazil is one of the major passion fruit producers worldwide. Viral diseases are among the most important constraints for passion fruit production. Here we identify and characterize a new passion fruit infecting-virus belonging to the family Geminiviridae: passion fruit chlorotic mottle virus (PCMoV). PCMoV is a divergent geminivirus unlike previously characterized passion fruit-infecting geminiviruses that belonged to the genus Begomovirus. Among the presently known geminiviruses, it is most closely related to, and shares ~62% genome-wide identity with citrus chlorotic dwarf associated virus (CCDaV) and camelia chlorotic dwarf associated virus (CaCDaV). The 3743 nt PCMoV genome encodes a capsid protein (CP) and replication-associated protein (Rep) that respectively share 56 and 60% amino acid identity with those encoded by CaCDaV. The CPs of PCMoV, CCDaV, and CaCDaV cluster with those of begomovirus whereas their Reps with those of becurtoviruses. Hence, these viruses likely represent a lineage of recombinant begomo-like and becurto-like ancestral viruses. Furthermore, PCMoV, CCDaV, and CaCDaV genomes are ~12–30% larger than monopartite geminiviruses and this is primarily due to the encoded movement protein (MP; 891–921 nt) and this MP is most closely related to that encoded by the DNA-B component of bipartite begomoviruses. Hence, PCMoV, CCDaV, and CaCDaV lineage of viruses may represent molecules in an intermediary step in the evolution of bipartite begomoviruses (~5.3 kb) from monopartite geminiviruses (~2.7–3 kb). An infectious clone of PCMoV systemically infected Nicotiana benthamina, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Passiflora edulis.
Molecular and Antigenic Characterization of Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Dhamotharan Kannimuthu , Vendramin Niccolò , Markussen Turhan , Wessel Øystein , Cuenca Argelia , Nyman Ingvild , Olsen Anne , Tengs Torstein , Krudtaa Dahle Maria , Rimstad Espen
Published: April 2018

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV-1) causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Recently, a novel PRV (formerly PRV-Om, here called PRV-3), was found in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with HSMI-like disease. PRV is considered to be an emerging pathogen in farmed salmonids. In this study, molecular and antigenic characterization of PRV-3 was performed. Erythrocytes are the main target cells for PRV, and blood samples that were collected from experimentally challenged fish were used as source of virus. Virus particles were purified by gradient ultracentrifugation and the complete coding sequences of PRV-3 were obtained by Illumina sequencing. When compared to PRV-1, the nucleotide identity of the coding regions was 80.1%, and the amino acid identities of the predicted PRV-3 proteins varied from 96.7% (λ1) to 79.1% (σ3). Phylogenetic analysis showed that PRV-3 belongs to a separate cluster. The region encoding σ3 were sequenced from PRV-3 isolates collected from rainbow trout in Europe. These sequences clustered together, but were distant from PRV-3 that was isolated from rainbow trout in Norway. Bioinformatic analyses of PRV-3 proteins revealed that predicted secondary structures and functional domains were conserved between PRV-3 and PRV-1. Rabbit antisera raised against purified virus or various recombinant virus proteins from PRV-1 all cross-reacted with PRV-3. Our findings indicate that despite different species preferences of the PRV subtypes, several genetic, antigenic, and structural properties are conserved between PRV-1 and-3.
New Kids on the Block: RNA-Based Influenza Virus Vaccines
Authors: Scorza Francesco , Pardi Norbert
Published: April 2018

RNA-based immunization strategies have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional vaccine approaches. A substantial body of published work demonstrates that RNA vaccines can elicit potent, protective immune responses against various pathogens. Consonant with its huge impact on public health, influenza virus is one of the best studied targets of RNA vaccine research. Currently licensed influenza vaccines show variable levels of protection against seasonal influenza virus strains but are inadequate against drifted and pandemic viruses. In recent years, several types of RNA vaccines demonstrated efficacy against influenza virus infections in preclinical models. Additionally, comparative studies demonstrated the superiority of some RNA vaccines over the currently used inactivated influenza virus vaccines in animal models. Based on these promising preclinical results, clinical trials have been initiated and should provide valuable information about the translatability of the impressive preclinical data to humans. This review briefly describes RNA-based vaccination strategies, summarizes published preclinical and clinical data, highlights the roadblocks that need to be overcome for clinical applications, discusses the landscape of industrial development, and shares the authors’ personal perspectives about the future of RNA-based influenza virus vaccines.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Precipitation in the Southern Part of the Heihe River Basin (China), 1984–2014
Authors: Zhang Xuezhen , Li Pei , Li Deshuai
Published: April 2018

Local precipitation variations in the context of global warming are a hot topic in the climate change research community. Using daily precipitation data spanning from 1984 to 2014 from 25 meteorological stations, the spatiotemporal variations of precipitation were analyzed for the southern part of Heihe River Basin (HRB), which is the second-largest inland river basin in Northwest China. Linear trend analysis, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the Mann–Kendall test, and the moving t-test were employed in the study. Results showed that the regional annual precipitation exhibited an increasing trend with a slope of 13.1 mm per decade from 1984 to 2014. The increasing trend was detected at 21 sites and the first EOF illustrating the regional increasing trend explained 51.8% of the total variance. The increasing trend of annual precipitation was mainly due to an increase in autumn precipitation, while summer precipitation exhibited a weak declining trend and spring–winter precipitation remained unchanged. Moreover, the increasing precipitation trend was mainly caused by an abrupt increase around 1997, when the global warming hiatus occurred. Through 1997, the atmospheric circulation and physical structure, such as vertical upward motion, vapor transmission, and its convergence changed to be more favorable for precipitation in autumn, but unfavorable for precipitation in summer in the HRB.
Planning Water Resources in an Agroforest Ecosystem for Improvement of Regional Ecological Function Under Uncertainties
Authors: Zeng Xueting , Chen Cong , Sheng Yinan , An Chunjiang , Kong Xiangming , Zhao Shan , Huang Guohe
Published: April 2018

In this study, an agroforestry ecosystem project (AEP) is developed for confronting the conflict between agricultural development and forest protection. A fuzzy stochastic programming with Laplace scenario analysis (FSL) is proposed for planning water resources in an AEP issue under uncertainties. FSL can not only deal with spatial and temporal variations of hydrologic elements and meteorological conditions; but also handle uncertainties that are expressed in terms of probability, possibility distributions and fuzzy sets; meanwhile, policy scenario analysis with Laplace’s criterion (PSL) is introduced to handle probability of each scenario occurrence under the supposition of no data available. The developed FSL can be applied to an AEP issue in Xixian county, located in north of China. The result of ecological effects, water allocation patterns, pollution mitigation schemes and system benefits under various scenarios are obtained, which can support policymakers adjusting current strategy to improve regional ecological function with cost-effective and sustainable manners. Meanwhile, it can support generating a robust water plan for regional sustainability in an AEP issue under uncertainties.
ALICE Data Release: A Revaluation of HST-NICMOS Coronagraphic Images
Authors: Hagan J. Brendan , Choquet Élodie , Soummer Rémi , Vigan Arthur
Published: April 2018

The Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS instrument was used from 1997 to 2008 to perform coronagraphic observations of about 400 targets. Most of them were part of surveys looking for substellar companions or resolved circumstellar disks to young nearby stars, making the NICMOS coronagraphic archive a valuable database for exoplanets and disks studies. As part of the Archival Legacy Investigations of Circumstellar Environments program, we have consistently reprocessed a large fraction of the NICMOS coronagrahic archive using advanced starlight subtraction methods. We present here the high-level science products of these re-analyzed data, which we delivered back to the community through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes: doi:10.17909/T9W89V. We also present the second version of the HCI-FITS format (for High-Contrast Imaging FITS format), which we developed as a standard format for data exchange of imaging reduced science products. These re-analyzed products are openly available for population statistics studies, characterization of specific targets, or detected point-source identification.
Stellar Obliquity and Magnetic Activity of Planet-hosting Stars and Eclipsing Binaries Based on Transit Chord Correlation
Authors: Dai Fei , Winn Joshua N. , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Sanchis-Ojeda Roberto , Albrecht Simon
Published: April 2018

The light curve of an eclipsing system shows anomalies whenever the eclipsing body passes in front of active regions on the eclipsed star. In some cases, the pattern of anomalies can be used to determine the obliquity Ψ of the eclipsed star. Here we present a method for detecting and analyzing these patterns, based on a statistical test for correlations between the anomalies observed in a sequence of eclipses. Compared to previous methods, ours makes fewer assumptions and is easier to automate. We apply it to a sample of 64 stars with transiting planets and 24 eclipsing binaries for which precise space-based data are available, and for which there was either some indication of flux anomalies or a previously reported obliquity measurement. We were able to determine obliquities for 10 stars with hot Jupiters. In particular we found Ψ ≲ 10° for Kepler-45, which is only the second M dwarf with a measured obliquity. The other eight cases are G and K stars with low obliquities. Among the eclipsing binaries, we were able to determine obliquities in eight cases, all of which are consistent with zero. Our results also reveal some common patterns of stellar activity for magnetically active G and K stars, including persistently active longitudes.
From Actinides to Zinc: Using the Full Abundance Pattern of the Brightest Star in Reticulum II to Distinguish between Different r-process Sites*
Authors: Ji Alexander P. , Frebel Anna
Published: April 2018

The ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II was enriched by a rare and prolific r-process event, such as a neutron star merger (NSM). To investigate the nature of this event, we present high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy of the brightest star in this galaxy. The high signal-to-noise allows us to determine the abundances of 41 elements, including the radioactive actinide element Th and first ever detections of third r-process peak elements (Os and Ir) in a star outside the Milky Way. The observed neutron-capture element abundances closely match the solar r-process component, except for the first r-process peak, which is significantly lower than solar but matches other r-process enhanced stars. The ratio of the first peak to heavier r-process elements implies that the r-process site produces roughly equal masses of high and low electron fraction ejecta, within a factor of 2. We compare the detailed abundance pattern to predictions from nucleosynthesis calculations of NSMs and magnetorotationally driven jet supernovae, finding that nuclear physics uncertainties dominate over astrophysical uncertainties. We measure

, somewhat lower than all previous Th/Eu observations. The youngest age we derive from this ratio is 21.7 ± 2.8 (stat) ± 10.3 (sys) Gyr, indicating that current initial production ratios do not describe the r-process event in Reticulum II. The abundances of light elements up to Zn are consistent with extremely metal-poor Milky Way halo stars. They may eventually provide a way to distinguish between NSMs and magnetorotationally driven jet supernovae, but this would require more detailed knowledge of the chemical evolution of Reticulum II.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Star Formation Cessation in Low-redshift Galaxies. I. Dependence on Stellar Mass and Structural Properties
Authors: Wang Enci , Li Cheng , Xiao Ting , Lin Lin , Bershady Matthew , Law David R. , Merrifield Michael , Sanchez Sebastian F. , Riffel Rogemar A. , Riffel Rogerio , Yan Renbin
Published: April 2018

We investigate radial gradients in the recent star formation history (SFH) of 1917 galaxies with 0.01 < z < 0.14 from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory project. For each galaxy, we obtain two-dimensional maps and radial profiles for three spectroscopically measured parameters that are sensitive to the recent SFH: D
n
(4000) (the 4000 Å break), EW(Hδ

A
), and EW(Hα) (the equivalent width of the Hδ absorption and the Hα emission line). The majority of the spaxels are consistent with models of a continuously declining star formation rate, indicating that starbursts occur rarely in local galaxies with regular morphologies. We classify the galaxies into three classes: fully star-forming (SF), partly quenched (PQ), and totally quenched (TQ). The galaxies that are less massive than 1010
M
⊙ present at most weak radial gradients in the diagnostic parameters. In contrast, massive galaxies with a stellar mass above 1010
M
⊙ present significant gradients in the three diagnostic parameters if they are classified as SF or PQ but show weak gradients in D
n
(4000) and EW(Hδ

A
) and no gradients in EW(Hα) if they are in the TQ class. This implies the existence of a critical stellar mass (∼1010
M
⊙) above which the star formation in a galaxy is shut down from the inside out. Galaxies tend to evolve synchronously from the inner to the outer regions before their mass reaches the critical value. We have further divided the sample at a fixed mass by both bulge-to-total luminosity ratio and morphological type, finding that our conclusions hold regardless of these factors; it appears that the presence of a central dense object is not a driving parameter but rather a by-product of the star formation cessation process.
IRIS Observations of Magnetic Interactions in the Solar Atmosphere between Preexisting and Emerging Magnetic Fields. I. Overall Evolution
Authors: Guglielmino Salvo L. , Zuccarello Francesca , Young Peter R. , Murabito Mariarita , Romano Paolo
Published: April 2018

We report multiwavelength ultraviolet observations taken with the IRIS satellite, concerning the emergence phase in the upper chromosphere and transition region of an emerging flux region (EFR) embedded in the preexisting field of active region NOAA 12529 in the Sun. IRIS data are complemented by full-disk observations of the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite, relevant to the photosphere and the corona. The photospheric configuration of the EFR is also analyzed by measurements taken with the spectropolarimeter on board the Hinode satellite, when the EFR was fully developed. Recurrent intense brightenings that resemble UV bursts, with counterparts in all coronal passbands, are identified at the edges of the EFR. Jet activity is also observed at chromospheric and coronal levels, near the observed brightenings. The analysis of the IRIS line profiles reveals the heating of dense plasma in the low solar atmosphere and the driving of bidirectional high-velocity flows with speed up to 100 km s−1 at the same locations. Compared with previous observations and numerical models, these signatures suggest evidence of several long-lasting, small-scale magnetic reconnection episodes between the emerging bipole and the ambient field. This process leads to the cancellation of a preexisting photospheric flux concentration and appears to occur higher in the atmosphere than usually found in UV bursts, explaining the observed coronal counterparts.
Multi-phase Turbulence Density Power Spectra in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Pingel N. M. , Lee Min-Young , Burkhart Blakesley , Stanimirović Snežana
Published: April 2018

We derive two-dimensional spatial power spectra of four distinct interstellar medium tracers, H i, 12CO(J = 1–0), 13CO(J = 1–0), and dust, in the Perseus molecular cloud, covering linear scales ranging from ∼0.1 pc to ∼90 pc. Among the four tracers, we find the steepest slopes of −3.23 ± 0.05 and −3.22 ± 0.05 for the uncorrected and opacity-corrected H i column density images. This result suggests that the H i in and around Perseus traces a non-gravitating, transonic medium on average, with a negligible effect from opacity. On the other hand, we measure the shallowest slope of −2.72 ± 0.12 for the 2MASS dust extinction data and interpret this as the signature of a self-gravitating, supersonic medium. Possible variations in the dust-to-gas ratio likely do not alter our conclusion. Finally, we derive slopes of −3.08 ± 0.08 and −2.88 ± 0.07 for the 12CO(1–0) and 13CO(1–0) integrated intensity images. Based on theoretical predictions for an optically thick medium, we interpret these slopes of roughly −3 as implying that both CO lines are susceptible to the opacity effect. While simple tests for the impact of CO formation and depletion indicate that the measured slopes of 12CO(1–0) and 13CO(1–0) are not likely affected by these chemical effects, our results generally suggest that chemically more complex and/or fully optically thick media may not be a reliable observational tracer for characterizing turbulence.
The Effect of Ionic Correlations on Radiative Properties in the Solar Interior and Terrestrial Experiments
Authors: Krief Menahem , Kurzweil Yair , Feigel Alexander , Gazit Doron
Published: April 2018

With the aim of solving the decade-old problem of solar opacity, we report substantial photoabsorption uncertainty due to the effect of ion–ion correlations. By performing detailed opacity calculations of the solar mixture, we find that taking into account the ionic structure changes the Rosseland opacity near the convection zone by ∼10%. We also report a ∼15% difference in the Rosseland opacity for iron, which was recently measured at the Sandia Z facility, where the temperature reached that prevailing in the convection zone boundary while the density was 2.5 times lower. Finally, we propose a method to measure opacities at solar temperatures and densities that have never been reached in the past via laboratory radiation flow experiments, by using plastic foams doped with permilles of dominant photon absorbers in the Sun. The method is advantageous for an experimental study of solar opacities that may lead to a resolution of the solar abundance problem.
Survey of Water and Ammonia in Nearby Galaxies (SWAN): Resolved Ammonia Thermometry and Water and Methanol Masers in IC 342, NGC 6946, and NGC 2146
Authors: Gorski Mark , Ott Jürgen , Rand Richard , Meier David S. , Momjian Emmanuel , Schinnerer Eva
Published: April 2018

The Survey of Water and Ammonia in Nearby galaxies (SWAN) studies atomic and molecular species across the nuclei of four star-forming galaxies: NGC 253, IC 342, NGC 6946, and NGC 2146. As part of this survey, we present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array molecular line observations of three galaxies: IC 342, NGC 6946, and NGC 2146. NGC 253 is covered in a previous paper. These galaxies were chosen to span an order of magnitude in star formation rates and to select a variety of galaxy types. We target the metastable transitions of ammonia NH3(1, 1) to (5, 5), the 22 GHz water (H2O) (616–523) transition, and the 36.1 GHz methanol (CH3OH) (4−1–30) transition. We use the NH3 metastable lines to perform thermometry of the dense molecular gas. We show evidence for uniform heating across the central kiloparsec of IC 342 with two temperature components for the molecular gas, similar to NGC 253, of 27 and 308 K, and that the dense molecular gas in NGC 2146 has a temperature <86 K. We identify two new water masers in IC 342, and one new water maser in each of NGC 6946 and NGC 2146. The two galaxies NGC 253 and NGC 2146, with the most vigorous star formation, host H2O kilomasers. Lastly, we detect the first 36 GHz CH3OH masers in IC 342 and NGC 6946. For the four external galaxies the total CH3OH luminosity in each galaxy suggests a correlation with galactic star formation rate, whereas the morphology of the emission is similar to that of HNCO, a weak shock tracer.
Using Strong Gravitational Lensing to Identify Fossil Group Progenitors
Authors: Johnson Lucas E. , Irwin Jimmy A. , White Raymond E. , Wong Ka-Wah , Maksym W. Peter , Dupke Renato A. , Miller Eric D. , Carrasco Eleazar R.
Published: April 2018

Fossil galaxy systems are classically thought to be the end result of galaxy group/cluster evolution, as galaxies experiencing dynamical friction sink to the center of the group potential and merge into a single, giant elliptical that dominates the rest of the members in both mass and luminosity. Most fossil systems discovered lie within z < 0.2, which leads to the question, what were these systems’ progenitors? Such progenitors are expected to have imminent or ongoing major merging near the brightest group galaxy that, when concluded, will meet the fossil criteria within the look forward time. Since strong gravitational lensing preferentially selects groups merging along the line of sight, or systems with a high mass concentration like fossil systems, we searched the CASSOWARY survey of strong-lensing events with the goal of determining whether lensing systems have any predisposition to being fossil systems or progenitors. We find that ∼13% of lensing groups are identified as traditional fossils while only ∼3% of nonlensing control groups are. We also find that ∼23% of lensing systems are traditional fossil progenitors compared to ∼17% for the control sample. Our findings show that strong-lensing systems are more likely to be fossil/pre-fossil systems than comparable nonlensing systems. Cumulative galaxy luminosity functions of the lensing and nonlensing groups also indicate a possible, fundamental difference between strong-lensing and nonlensing systems’ galaxy populations, with lensing systems housing a greater number of bright galaxies even in the outskirts of groups.
High-resolution Spectroscopic Abundances of Red Giant Branch Stars in NGC 6584 and NGC 7099
Authors: O’Malley Erin M. , Chaboyer Brian
Published: April 2018

We obtain high-resolution spectra of red giant branch stars in NGC 6584 and NGC 7099 to perform a detailed abundance analysis. We confirm cluster membership for these stars based on consistent radial velocities measured in this study and small pixel offsets between the observations of Sarajedini et al. and Piotto et al. We find mean metallicities of [Fe/H] = −1.53 ± 0.08 dex and [Fe/H] = −2.29 ± 0.07 dex for NGC 6584 and NGC 7099, respectively. We also find these clusters to be enhanced in their [α/Fe] ratios, consistent with what is expected for metal-poor globular clusters. Additionally, we find evidence of a statistically significant Na–O anti-correlation in both clusters. Finally, with the use of HST photometry, we compare the location of the enhanced and pristine populations in chromosome maps of the clusters to confirm previous photometric evidence of multiple stellar populations. Although we cannot confirm the nature of the polluter stars responsible for the abundance differences, our results can be used to constrain pollution models.
Evidence for Pulsar-like Emission Components in the Broadband ULX Sample
Authors: Walton D. J. , Fürst F. , Heida M. , Harrison F. A. , Barret D. , Stern D. , Bachetti M. , Brightman M. , Fabian A. C. , Middleton M. J.
Published: April 2018

We present broadband X-ray analyses of a sample of bright ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) with the goal of investigating the spectral similarity of this population to the known ULX pulsars, M82 X-2, NGC 7793 P13, and NGC 5907 ULX. We perform a phase-resolved analysis of the broadband XMM-Newton+NuSTAR data set of NGC 5907 ULX, finding that the pulsed emission from the accretion column in this source exhibits a similar spectral shape to that seen in both M82 X-2 and NGC 7793 P13, and that this is responsible for the excess emission observed at the highest energies when the spectra are fit with accretion disk models. We then demonstrate that similar “hard” excesses are seen in all ULXs in the broadband sample. Finally, for ULXs where the nature of the accretor is currently unknown, we test whether the hard excesses are all consistent with being produced by an accretion column similar to those present in M82 X-2, NGC 7793 P13, and NGC 5907 ULX. Based on the average shape of the pulsed emission, we find that in all cases a similar accretion column can successfully reproduce the observed data, consistent with the hypothesis that this ULX sample may be dominated by neutron star accretors. Compared to the known pulsar ULXs, our spectral fits for the remaining ULXs suggest that the non-pulsed emission from the accretion flow beyond the magnetosphere makes a stronger relative contribution than the component associated with the accretion column. If these sources do also contain neutron star accretors, this may help to explain the lack of detected pulsations.
The 3CR Chandra Snapshot Survey: Extragalactic Radio Sources with Redshifts between 1 and 1.5
Authors: Stuardi C. , Missaglia V. , Massaro F. , Ricci F. , Liuzzo E. , Paggi A. , Kraft R. P. , Tremblay G. R. , Baum S. A. , O’Dea C. P. , Wilkes B. J. , Kuraszkiewicz J. , Forman W. R. , Harris D. E.
Published: April 2018

The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of newly acquired X-ray observations of 16 extragalactic radio sources listed in the Third Cambridge Revised (3CR) catalog and not previously observed by Chandra. Observations were performed during Chandra Cycle 17, extending X-ray coverage for the 3CR extragalactic catalog up to z = 1.5. Among the 16 targets, two lie at z < 0.5 (3CR 27 at z = 0.184 and 3CR 69 at z = 0.458); all of the remaining 14 have redshifts between 1.0 and 1.5. In the current sample, there are three compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources, three quasars, and an FR I radio galaxy, while the other nine are FR II radio galaxies. All radio sources have an X-ray counterpart. We measured nuclear X-ray fluxes as well as X-ray emission associated with radio jet knots, hotspots, or lobes in three energy bands: soft (0.5–1 keV), medium (1–2 keV), and hard (2–7 keV). We also performed standard X-ray spectral analysis for the four brightest nuclei. We discovered X-ray emission associated with the radio lobe of 3CR 124, a hotspot of the quasar 3CR 220.2, another hotspot of the radio galaxy 3CR 238, and the jet knot of 3CR 297. We also detected extended X-ray emission around the nuclear region of 3CR 124 and 3CR 297 on scales of several tens of kiloparsecs. Finally, we present an update on the X-ray observations performed with Chandra and XMM-Newton on the entire 3CR extragalactic catalog.
Inflow Motions Associated with High-mass Protostellar Objects
Authors: Yoo Hyunju , Kim Kee-Tae , Cho Jungyeon , Choi Minho , Wu Jingwen , Evans Neal J. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: April 2018

We performed a molecular line survey of 82 high-mass protostellar objects in a search for inflow signatures associated with high-mass star formation. Using the H13CO+ (1−0) line as an optically thin tracer, we detected a statistically significant excess of blue asymmetric line profiles in the HCO+ (1−0) transition, but nonsignificant excesses in the HCO+ (3−2) and H2CO (212–111) transitions. The negative blue excess for the HCN (3−2) transition suggests that the line profiles are affected by dynamics other than inflow motion. The HCO+ (1−0) transition thus seems to be the suitable tracer of inflow motions in high-mass star-forming regions, as previously suggested. We found 27 inflow candidates that have at least 1 blue asymmetric profile and no red asymmetric profile, and derived the inflow velocities to be 0.23−2.00 km s−1 for 20 of them using a simple two-layer radiative transfer model. Our sample is divided into two groups in different evolutionary stages. The blue excess of the group in relatively earlier evolutionary stages was estimated to be slightly higher than that of the other in the HCO+ (1−0) transition.
Dataset of long-term monitoring of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the influence areas of a hydroelectric power plant on the Madeira River in the Amazon Basin
Authors: Fernandes Itanna , de Souza Jorge
Published: April 2018

Biodiversity loss is accelerating rapidly in response to increasing human influence on the Earth’s natural ecosystems. One way to overcome this problem is by focusing on places of human interest and monitoring the changes and impacts on the biodiversity. This study was conducted at six sites within the influence area of the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant in the margins of the Madeira River in Rondônia State. The sites cover a latitudinal gradient of approximately 100 km in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. The sampling design included six sampling modules with six plots (transects) each, totaling 30 sampling plots. The transects were distributed with 0 km, 0.5 km, 1 km, 2 km, 3 km and 4 km, measured perpendicularly from the river margin towards the interior of the forest. For sampling the ground-dwelling ants, the study used the ALL (ants of the leaf litter) protocol, which is standardized globally in the inventories of ant fauna. For the purpose of impact indicators, the first two campaigns (September 2011 to November 2011) were carried out in the pre-filling period, while campaigns 3 to 10 (February 2012 to November 2014) were carried out during and after the filling of the hydroelectric reservoir. A total of 253 events with a total of 9,165 occurrences were accounted during the monitoring. The ants were distributed in 10 subfamilies, 68 genera and 324 species/morphospecies. The impact on ant biodiversity during the periods before and after filling was measured by ecological indicators and by the presence and absence of some species/morphospecies. This is the first study, as far as we know, including taxonomic and ecological treatment to monitor the impact of a hydroelectric power plant on ant fauna.

Until recently, most studies conducted on hydroelectric plants, located in the Amazon Basin, were carried out after the implementation of dams in order to assess their impacts on the environment and biodiversity (Benchimol and Peres 2015, Latrubesse et al. 2017, Sá-Oliveira et al. 2015). Recent studies on dam impacts have begun to be conducted prior to dam implementation (e.g. Bobrowiec and Tavares 2017, Fraga et al. 2014, Moser et al. 2014), thus providing a better overview of the impact and a better assessment of its magnitude.
Un média naît toujours deux fois...
Authors: Gaudreault André , Marion Philippe
Published: April 2018

L'étude de la « naissance » du cinéma, qui a été un processus relativement lent, révèle que l'affirmation de l'identité singulière du média cinématographique a été loin de s'imposer d'emblée. L'histoire du cinéma des premiers temps pourrait se lire comme un passage articulé selon trois termes en gradation : l'apparition d'une technologie, les « machines à vues », l'émergence d'un dispositif, celui des « vues animées », puis l'avènement d'une institution, celle du « cinéma ». Tout en considérant ce dernier comme prototype, ces trois termes peuvent constituer la base d'une généralisation théorique, appelée ici « modèle de la double naissance des médias ». Ainsi basé sur le cinéma mais ayant l'ambition de faire progresser la généalogie des médias toute entière, ce projet de modèle dynamique sera confronté à la genèse d'autres médias iconiques comme la photo, la BD ou, plus succinctement, à quelques formes médiatiques plus récentes.
Relation intermédiale entre le théâtre et le cinéma
Authors: Sokalski Joseph A.
Published: April 2018

Cet article se veut une réfléxion sur la relation entre le cinéma et le théâtre à travers un examen de l'expression « images animées ». On y défend l'idée que les pratiques théâtrales du XIX e siècle impliquaient une conception des images animées passablement différente de celle du cinéma. Cet essai s'arrête particulièrement sur un projet théâtral où des paysages en trois dimensions étaient déplacés physiquement à travers un cadre scénique comprenant des images en deux dimensions. Le spectateur étant témoin d'une transformation continue, on peut dire que des « images vivantes animées » étaient véritablement créées sur la scène. L'auteur conclut en affirmant que l'expression « images animées » doit être réexaminée, les événements historiques montrant qu'elle devrait être plus inclusive. Cela nous empêcherait de considérer cette expression comme synonyme de « cinéma ». Un tel repositionnement critique pourrait ainsi nous permettre d'analyser le développement actuel des images digitales sans faire des associations inadéquates avec la technologie du cinéma.
Du nouveau et de l'ancien
Authors: Sicard Monique
Published: April 2018

Photographie, cinématographie, télévision, images numériques et circulations en réseaux... : depuis les débuts du XIX e siècle, l'arrivée de chaque nouvelle technique de l'image fut saluée par des références héritées des techniques antérieures. Pourtant, ces images nouvelles n'ont pas anéanti celles qui les précédaient. La circulation de modèles à contre-courant (du nouveau vers l'ancien) montre à l'inverse qu'elles leur ont conféré un nouvel élan. Ces cheminements à double sens entre l'ancien et le nouveau invitent à faire resurgir les socles matériels dans lesquels s'enracine la pensée de l'image. Elles conduisent à une critique d'une histoire qui se bâtirait chronologiquement. Si l'ancien est perçu par le socle du présent, s'il est « ce qui conduit au présent », il n'est pas cause mais conséquence de ce dernier. Le présent est alors cause du passé
La fin de l' aura ?
Authors: Sorlin Pierre
Published: April 2018

La photographie a-t-elle marqué la fin de l'aura dont était auparavant entourée l'œuvre d'art ? L'article tente de suggérer une réponse en comparant la réaction face à la peinture de deux romanciers également épris d'art italien, Stendhal qui n'a rien connu de la photographie et John Ruskin qui était photographe. Leurs approches sont extrêmement différentes, mais l'écart tient à un profond bouleversement dans la manière d'envisager la production artistique, la photographie, fort utile à Ruskin, n'a été pour lui qu'un outil dans une très large révision des critères d'évaluation. L'aura s'est effacée quand on est passé de la collection privée chère à Stendhal au musée ouvert au public.
Sémio-pragmatique et intermédialité
Authors: Odin Roger
Published: April 2018

Pour la sémio-pragmatique, l'intermédialité est d'abord une approche : il s'agit de procéder à une comparaison systématique entre les médias pour mieux comprendre comment ils fonctionnent. Cette réflexion permet de mettre en évidence certains phénomènes intermédiatiques : l'insistance est mise ici sur quelques aspects intermédiatiques du cinéma des premiers temps. On montre également comment cette étude du cinéma des premiers temps peut aider à comprendre ce qui se passe aujourd'hui.
L'écran : une impression pérégrine
Authors: Pons Christian-Marie , Bleton Paul
Published: April 2018

À la question de l'impact des TIC (technologies fondées sur la numérisation de la communication) sur la pensée, des philosophes comme Pierre Lévy ou Ann Van Sevenant ont déjà proposé quelques réponses qui soulevaient une autre question : comment des technologies aussi révolutionnaires ont-elles pu s'insérer aussi aisément dans nos pratiques intellectuelles depuis la micro-informatique ? Leur appropriation à large échelle constitue en effet une condition de possibilité déterminante de l'évolution de l'organisation de savoirs. Les auteurs suggèrent que si les technologies sont nouvelles, les formes codantes qu'elles supportent le sont peut-être moins. Aussi, plutôt que de repérer une technologie derrière cet écran de moniteur qui en est venu à emblématiser l'accès universel à la communication numérisée, ils proposent de le saisir comme révélateur et mémoire de ce qu'il révèle, comme rémanences de pratiques anciennes dans la cybermodemité. Ils examinent donc successivement les strates de la page, de la fenêtre, du miroir, du portulan et des cartes.
Le prononcé des peines en France
Authors: Aubusson de Cavarlay Bruno
Published: April 2018

La place de l'emprisonnement ferme dans le prononcé des peines est étudié à partir des données statistiques disponibles et des principaux résultats d'enquêtes monographiques sur le fonctionnement de la justice pénale. L'accroissement des durées des peines prononcées est replacé dans un contexte marqué par la permanence des mécanismes de prédétermination de la sanction et la transformation des contentieux les plus sévèrement réprimés. Sur vingt ans ou plus, la croissance de la population carcérale a été accompagnée de changements profonds dans le recours à la privation de liberté.
Les Faux-monnayeurs de la Cueille
Authors: Augustin Jean-Marie
Published: April 2018

En 1876, un chaudronnier et un étameur ambulant fabriquèrent de fausses pièces d'argent dans une maison du faubourg de la Cueille à Poitiers. Us furent condamnés par la cour d'assises de la Vienne, l'un à cinq ans de réclusion criminelle, l'autre aux travaux forcés à perpétuité. C'étaient de pauvres artisans, des besogneux de la fausse monnaie. Face à la police et aux magistrats, ils avouèrent tout de suite et s'inclinèrent devant la fatalité des événements.
Femmes de Dieu et Justice de l'an II
Authors: Murphy Gwénaël
Published: April 2018

Les trajectoires des religieuses pendant la Terreur sont mal connues. L'Histoire a retenu essentiellement les exécutions des Carmélites de Compiègne, canonisées en littérature par Bernanos ou celles des religieuses d'Orange. Si une minorité (environ 200 sur 40 000) d'anciennes religieuses subirent un sort identique, une grande partie eurent cependant des rapports avec la justice de l'an II. Emprisonnées comme filles ou sœurs d'émigré, protégeant des prêtres réfractaires, portant l'habit de religieuse ou vivant en couvent clandestin, parfois ayant rejoint les armées rebelles de l'Ouest, c'est plus de 10 % d'entre elles qui connaissent une expérience carcérale. Celle-ci se décline autour de trois temps : l'arrestation, la vie en prison et l'interrogatoire qui ouvre sur des tactiques discursives pour tenter d'obtenir des aveux ou de les éviter, le tout aboutissant sur un verdict. L'ampleur du choc revolutionnaire est en ce lieu la plus perceptible. Reste a s'interroger sur la nature de la « persecution » des religieuses : ne se trouve-t-on pas face a un processus de marginalisation sociale ?
Le législateur, l'aide sociale et la famille
Authors: Chourfi Fadila
Published: April 2018

En 1984, une loi entend bouleverser « l'esprit de l'Aide Sociale à l'enfance ». Elle transforme les relations entre l'État et la famille tout en assurant la promotion d'une nouvelle conception de cette dernière. Mais surtout elle met en évidence un pluralisme des pratiques qui peut être lu à la fois comme de nouvelles formes de régulation et comme une démocratisation de l'Enfance protégée.
Une justice socialiste ?
Authors: Kott Sandrine
Published: April 2018

Après guerre, dans la nouvelle Allemagne socialiste, la séparation des pouvoirs politiques et judiciaires est abolie. Pour l'heure, il importe d'édifier une justice nouvelle, en rupture avec la tradition libérale que les nouveaux dirigeants récusent, incarnée par les commissions des conflits (Konflikttkommissionen). Créées en 1953 dans les entreprises employant plus de 200 personnes, ces dernières ont en charge les conflits du travail puis, par la suite, les « petits délits ». On peut se demander si la justice d'entreprise est une expression de l'atomisation du corps social ou si, au contraire, elle est plutôt l'expression de la défiance à l'égard des élites politiques de l'Allemagne socialiste, et ce bien avant la chute du mur de Berlin.
La censure des imprimés au siècle des lumières
Authors: Porret Michel
Published: April 2018

Comme partout en Europe sous l'Ancien régime, à Genève le pénal est lié au pouvoir politique détenu par le Petit Conseil de la République. Dès les années 1760, la ville-État, capitale européenne de l'imprimerie, est déchirée par des conflits sociaux et constitutionnels. Ils sont nourris par des libellistes et des pamphlétaires qui publient des imprimés séditieux. Blessant la souveraineté de la République, les libelles sont saisis, censurés par le Petit Conseil qui en ordonne la flétrissure publique mise en œuvre par le bourreau. Or, la poursuite des mauvais livres n'est pas arbitraire, car elle suit le réquisitoire du Procureur général qui qualifie le délit de librairie et motive l'autodafé. Sous le régime arbitraire des délits et des peines, le Procureur général de Genève limite ainsi l'arbitraire des juges du siège. Près de neuf fois sur dix, le Petit Conseil suit en effet l'avis de droit énoncé par le parquet.
« Être... ce qu'on est »
Authors: Lenoir Rémi
Published: April 2018

Âgé de quarante-sept ans, R. est éducateur depuis la fin des années 1970 à la Protection judiciaire de la Jeunesse. En fonction des conditions misérables de son enfance, R. se voit comme une sorte de « miraculé ». Décrivant les conditions dans lesquelles il travaille, il renseigne sur ce que c'est de vivre le monde comme fils d'ouvrier dans un contexte social précis. Cette « socio-analyse », telle quelle est ici présentée, informe sur une vision du monde social qui trouve son principe d'unification dans l'ordre de la morale.
Des logiques socio-économiques à leur retraduction pénale : l'exemple de la Belgique de 1830 à nos jours
Authors: Vanneste Charlotte
Published: April 2018

L'évolution de la population pénitentiaire en Belgique de 1830 à nos jours permet de comprendre l'inflation carcérale contemporaine et de saisir les enjeux d'une société en matière de politique économique et sociale. Tout se passe comme si l'intensité du recours au pénal était directement et inversement fonction de la sécurité économique généré par une société.