bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eylem araştırması aracılığıyla program geliştirme: Uygulayıcılar için bir model önerisi
Authors: Saban Ahmet
Published: January 2021

“Eylem araştırması” ile “program geliştirme” süreçleri arasında benzerliklerin bulunduğu düşüncesinden hareketle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, uygulayıcıların pratikteki eğitim programını anlamak ve iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanabilecekleri bir modelin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu genel amaç doğrultusunda, çalışmada öncelikle “eğitim programı”, “program geliştirme”, “eylem araştırması” ve “eylem araştırması aracılığıyla program geliştirme” olguları kapsamlı bir biçimde incelenmiş, alanyazında yer alan eylem araştırması modelleri derinlemesine analiz edilmiş ve seçmeci bir yaklaşımla her iki süreci de harmanlayan bir model önerilmiştir. Daha sonra, önerilen modelin program geliştirme açısından sonuçları tartışılmıştır. Son olarak, çalışmada uygulanan model geliştirme sürecine ilişkin uzman görüşleri sorgulanmış ve elde edilen geribildirimler doğrultusunda da gerekli değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada önerilen model, birbiriyle ilişkili altı aşamadan oluşan döngüsel bir problem çözme süreci olarak kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Modelde yer alan aşamalar şunlardır: (a) odaklanılacak alanın belirlenmesi, (b) ihtiyaç analizinin gerçekleştirilmesi, (c) eylem planının geliştirilmesi, (d) eylem planının uygulanması, (e) sürecin değerlendirilmesi ve (f) sürece ilişkin yansıtmanın yapılması. Ayrıca, önerilen modelin program geliştirme açısından sonuçları şunlardır: (1) program geliştirme uygulama temelli bir süreçtir, (2) program geliştirme problem çözme odaklı bir süreçtir, (3) program geliştirme süreklilik arz eden (gelişim odaklı) bir süreçtir ve (4) program geliştirme bağlam temelli bir süreçtir.
Strength and Durability of Soft Clay Stabilized with Recycled Gypsum (Bassanite)
Authors: Mohammadi Amirhossein , Boroomand Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2021

Every construction has a certain efficient lifetime after which it would need to be repaired or demolished for further reconstruction. This would cause a specific range of waste materials, called construction and demolition (C&D) wastes. Because of the large volume of these bulky waste materials, their utilization in construction and geotechnical projects would be an attractive option in order to recycle and mitigate their volume. Gypsum and its derivatives, as a considerable fraction of C&D wastes, are classified as a group of binding agents in soil stabilization and upgrading its durability against environmental conditions. Bassanite is one of the main gypsum derivatives that is produced through heating gypsum powder at certain conditions. The feasibility of using gypseous wastes as a binding agent was studied by adding different amount of bassanite (0, 5, 10, and 20%) and 5% cement and lime to the clayey soil at different curing conditions (0, 7, 14, and 21 days). Next, the samples were subjected to wetting/drying cycles (0, 1, 2, and 3 cycles), and the effect of these factors on unconfined compressive strength and soil durability were assessed. Results showed that by adding bassanite (along with cement and lime), the unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized soils was considerably increased from 37 kPa to 603 kPa. Another effective factor on the unconfined compressive strength was the soil specimens’ conditions. The wetting/drying cycles over the stabilized samples caused 15–70% decrease in the unconfined compressive strength (according to the soil specimen and number of wetting/drying cycles). It can be concluded that the utilization of gypseous wastes is a proper method to mitigate the amount of landfilled C&D wastes and reusing these materials not only lowers the landfill costs but also significantly decreases the production costs of the materials used in soil stabilization and improvement.
Evaluation of the Role of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Preheating on Cracking Behavior of Hot Mix Asphalt Recycled Mixtures by Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Roberto Antonio , Król Jan B. , Romeo Elena , Liphardt Adam , Tebaldi Gabriele , Montepara Antonio
Published: January 2021

In the last few decades, the need for reducing the exploitation of finite sources has led to an increasing use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for the construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation of road pavements. During hot mix asphalt (HMA) plant production, RAP can be added at ambient temperature or preheated into special drums. When designing an RAP mixture, it is essential to dose the correct amount of virgin binder according to the percentage of the reactivated aged one. RAP preheating plays a key role in this process, although no reliable methods are available for achieving an accurate estimation. This article presents an innovative digital image-based methodology, named overlapped digital image (OIA) analysis, to better understand the role of reactivated binder on the cracking behavior of HMA-RAP mixtures. A recycled mixture was produced in the laboratory by adding RAP both at room temperature (25°C) and after preheating (150°C) and subsequently tested according to the Superpave IDT at 10°C and 25°C. The tests were combined with the OIA analysis to identify how the strain patterns and the initiation and propagation of fractures developed, according to the reactivation of the aged asphalt binder. The results show important outcomes in terms of cracking behaviors highlighting the important role of RAP preheating for inducing aged binder reactivation.
Opportunities and challenges for breeding perennial ryegrass cultivars with improved livestock production potential
Authors: Gilliland T.J. , Ball T. , Hennessy D.
Published: January 2021

This review addresses key factors and impediments that govern the efficient transfer of nutrient energy from primary producing grassland to ruminant milk and meat. The review focuses on permanent improved grasslands, defined as “swards maintained at a high production potential by grass-to-grass renewal”, frequently of a 5- to 10-yr longevity. Breeding progress to date is examined as are the primary objectives for the next generation of cultivars. This involves aligning grass productivity to ruminant demand in three primary aspects, namely intake potential, nutritional value and productivity profile. The opportunity to selectively improve plant traits affecting sward structure, chemical composition, seasonality and ability to persist and perform under farm conditions is evaluated. The EU context involves appraising the impact of variables such as grass species and cultivar, regional abiotic stresses (water, temperature, nutrients, soil type, etc.), biotic stresses from disease and pests, regional diversity in sward management strategies, and the opportunity to minimise the environmental footprint of ruminant farming.
Compatibilities between continuous semilattices
Authors: Mykytsey O.Ya. , Koporkh K.M.
Published: January 2021

We define compatibilities between continuous semilattices as Scott continuous functions from their pairwise cartesian products to $\{0,1\}$ that are zero preserving in each variable. It is shown that many specific kinds of mathematical objects can be regarded as compatibilities, among them monotonic predicates, Galois connections, completely distributive lattices, isotone mappings with images being chains, semilattice morphisms etc. Compatibility between compatibilities is also introduced, it is shown that conjugation of non-additive real-valued or lattice valued measures is its particular case.
Religion, Political Contestation and Democracy: Kiai's Role as Vote Broker in Madurese Local Political Battle
Authors: Asmawati Asmawati , Tawakkal Towar Ikbal , Muadi Sholih
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to know how the kiai as religious figures who had the highest social status in Pamekasan Regency carried out their work as vote brokers. This study was a qualitative research with a case study method. The research depended on verbal data and information of vote raising done by public figures in a Madurese local election. Intensive interview with some kiai as the key informants was done to get the intended information. They were chosen as primary data sources because they were public religious figures whom the people adhere to. The result showed that kiai with their social capital as vote brokers mobilizing the masses properly attracted political bosses who competed in the local election. Kiai with their religiosity played as an intermediary in delivering material for intended voters. However, it was unethical when the kiai as a religious figure provided material for voters. As a local figure who has a good image in a community, kiai became a major element in the progress of the democratic process. It can be concluded that the kiai as a highly respected religious figure contributed to the democracy to be well organized in the future.
What Can the Afghanistan Ulama Learn from The Islamic Modernism Movement in Indonesia?
Authors: Rizapoor Habiburrahman , Nukhba Ghulam Mustafa
Published: January 2021

This article aimed to explain what the Afghan Ulama learned from the Islamic modernism movements in Indonesia in implementing the Islamic modernism values in Afghanistan. This study explored the challenges, methods of implementation of Islamic modernism values in Indonesia. This research used the analytical and descriptive method by referring to books and journal articles. This study argued that implementing Islamic modernism values in Afghanistan was a challenging and problematic process. Therefore, the Islamic Modernism movements of Afghanistan needed to work cautiously to remove obstacles and challenges calmly and without violence to pave the way for the spread of their massages. This research concluded that Islamic scholars and academics in Indonesia were mostly successful at spreading Islamic modernism values and overcoming the challenges faced with in the country. Similarly, because of the social, political and religious features; being of Indonesia as the largest Islamic country with racial and religious diversity, having the experience of Islamic modernism, and the existence of similarities between the two countries, Indonesia was an outstanding model for Afghanistan’s Islamic modernism movements. Therefore, the Afghan Islamic modernism movements can use the approaches that Indonesian Islamic modernism movements used for the spread of Islamic modernism values in the country.
Equivalence Levels of Literary Corpus Translation Using a Freeware Analysis Toolkit
Authors: Sayogie Frans , Supardi Moh.
Published: January 2021

Machine translation has the potential to make huge contributions to translation industries, but it seems, for now, that machine translation equivalence has led to a crucial point for literary translation by using machine translation because of the problem of the equivalence itself. This paper, therefore, aimed to see the equivalence degree of literary translation resulted by machine translation, i.e., freeware toolkit AntConc 3.5.0 software 2019. The data were collected from English-Indonesian J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and The Order of The Phoenix novel by using the software to find the equivalent translation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively based on the strategy of translation equivalent level proposed by Mona Baker (1992). The analyzed data revealed that the equivalent level of the software mostly occurred in a word level, above word level, and grammatical level. The software was likely difficult to find a textual level and a pragmatic level of translation equivalence because they required a context and still needed human involvement as part of a greater creative project of translation which were not done by the machine translation. After all, Antconc 3.5.0 as Computer Assisted Tool (CAT) brought a huge contribution to translation industry, helped to analyze large corpora particularly to find the degree of translation equivalence in word and above word level.
Cultural Transplantation and Legal Paradox: The Case of the Indonesian Judicial Commission Versus the Supreme Court
Authors: Muslimin JM
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research was to prove that solving a legal problem needed an interdisciplinary approach, more than merely pure law. It relates to the working culture of law, inter-subjective understanding and reform willingness. The research was done based on descriptive and qualitative method. It included content analyses of the use and misuse concept of regulation, its effect in actual practice and cultural barrier of law enforcement. The finding of this research proved that law enforcement was not like copying a paper. It related closely to the tradition, usage and custom of people. Transforming society only by introducing new regulation and state institution without cultural restoration ended in failure. Thus, the conclusion was the establishment of Judicial Commission in Indonesia, aimed at transforming the Supreme Court, to be more independent, impartial and accountable by supervising the ethical behaviour of the judge. But Judicial Commission is hampered by many difficulties legally and institutionally. Judicial Commission could not work and achieve its goal to bring about Supreme Court more transparent, not only because of legal obstacles but also cultural impunity.
The Distinction of Government Administration and Judicial Institutions in The Umayyad Dynasty
Authors: Meirison Meirison , Saharuddin Desmadi
Published: January 2021

This paper aimed to reveal the government administration system's distinction in finance and justice that existed in the Umayyad. The Umayyad had the right side in improving government administration, finance, economy, and justice. To what extent was the reform and distinction of government administration, finance, and judiciary pursued by the Umayyad that led to society's benefit besides the atrocities he had ever made? The researchers conducted a library study with a descriptive analysis approach, collected sources, verified, and interpreted the policies and updates made by the Umayyad. The study showed the Umayyad had made distinctions and reforms that brought about a lot of benefits. Although they seemed the duplication of Persian and Roman governments, financial administration policies still referred to Islamic rules and were not influenced by Rome and Persia. The most significant reform was establishing the Mazalim Court separated from the ordinary judiciary. The perpetrators of this crime were not ordinary people but state officials handled directly by the caliph and judges who could act reasonably and act decisively. A vast area of neat administration supported the economic activity, and along with Islamic law, the Umayyad did not exercise a monopoly. However, this government lasted shortly for 90 years (661-750 AD) because of the power succession policy, the ruler's lifestyle, fanaticism, and political opponents' attack.
Evaluation of Electronic Management in Administrative Units at the International University of Africa
Authors: Albashair Rasha Khogali Ahmed
Published: January 2021

This was study aimed at evaluating and activating the role of electronic management in the International University of Africa and knowing the fields in which electronic management was applied, and to reveal the difficulties that hindered the application of the electronic management system. A sample of the administrative staff and the statistical packages program (SPSS) were used to analyze the results, and the researcher followed the scientific management theory that aimed to reach an optimal work performance. Considering the results, the study showed that the role of electronic management in the university needed to be activated more because of the shortcomings in its activation in the management of personnel affairs, the university administration and student affairs in varying proportions that did  not achieve the required level represented in the absence of coordination between its units and the lack of knowledge of workers in this technology and it was applied in all areas of the university, and the existence of difficulties impeding the mechanism of its application. The expectations of this study lie in that it will practically contribute to the development of administrative units in Sudanese universities.
Discursive Strategy of the Relationship Between Islam and Democracy on Room for Debate Rubric of nytimes.com
Authors: Syahriyani Alfi , Yuwono Untung , Wastono Afdol Tharik
Published: January 2021

Different perspectives on the compatibility between Islam and Democracy are still problematic and have been widely discussed on the international media, especially after the Arab Spring. This study aimed to reveal the changes in social beliefs about the relationship between Islam and democracy within the discourse on Room for Debate rubric, nytimes.com. The data were the written text (verbal) comprising the introductory segment from the editor, the opinion segment comprising 6 articles, and the public comment segment. The method used in this study was the qualitative method. This study employed Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (2013) to reveal the discursive strategy of the writers in negotiating the democratic and Islamic values, to investigate the production, distribution, and consumption of the text, and to identify the social context which causes the discourse of the relationship between Islam and Democracy to appear. The finding showed that there were some democratic values negotiated within the discourse that showed changes in social beliefs about the relationship between Islam and democracy in the modern view. The value negotiation showed the alignment of the writers towards the progressive Muslim actors who supported the modern democratic government system.
Automated Analysis of DP-systems Using Timed-Arc Petri Nets via TAPAAL Tool
Authors: Dworzanski Leonid Wladimirovich , Izmaylov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2021

Timed-Arcs Petri nets (TaPN-nets) are a time extension of Petri nets that allows assigning clocks to tokens. System of dynamic points on a metric graph (DP-systems) is another dynamical model that is studied in discrete geometry dynamics and motivated by study of localized Gaussian wave packets scattering on thin structures; as well, DP-systems could be utilized to overapproximate the dynamics of messages scattering in distributed systems. In the latter case, time-temporal properties of DP-systems become a matter of interest. However, there are no tools that enable us to analyse them. In this work, we provide a new approach to automated analysis of DP-systems using the translation of a DP-system into a TaPN-net which is implemented as a TAPAAL plugin. The translation let us use the comprehensive tool support for TaPN-nets (TAPAAL/UPPAAL) to analyze DP-systems dynamical characteristics expressed in TCTL language. We demonstrated how to express some of them and verify time-temporal properties of a DP-system using the suggested approach, and performed experiments to obtain empirical estimates of the tool performance.
Architecture of Open Source Program for Numerical Modeling of Flows on Mountain Slopes
Authors: Romanova Daria Igorevna
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we compare two approaches to describe the dynamics of flows on mountain slopes using the depth-averaged equations of continuum mechanics and using the complete, not depth-averaged, equations of continuum mechanics for three-dimensional modeling. Using these two approaches, a simulation of an experimental slush flow in the tank and the interaction of the flow with dam barrier protection was carried out. Numerical solutions are compared with experimental data. Also, both approaches are applied to the calculation of an avalanche in the 22nd avalanche cite of Mount Yukspor (Khibiny). Avalanche run-out distance and the shape of the avalanche deposits are compared with field data obtained from the measurement of a real avalanche. In the course of a numerical experiment, distributions of such quantities as flow velocity, depth, density, molecular and turbulent viscosity, values of the density of turbulent kinetic energy, dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, and shear stress at the bottom of the flow were obtained. Using the obtained data a mathematical model is developed to describe the entrainment of the underlying material by the flow during slope erosion and the deposition of the flow material on the slope. To implement the obtained mathematical model, the architecture of the multiphaseEulerChangeFoam solver was developed, which implements a three-phase multi-velocity model with phase exchange between the material of the underlying surface and the material of the flow. The classic solver multiphaseEulerFoam from the OpenFOAM package is taken as a basis for the developed solver.
Designing Highly Loaded Systems
Authors: Rudometkin Vasilii Andreevich
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, most of the services are moving online, which allows users to receive the service at any time. The high availability of the service leads to an increase in the number of users, which entails an increase in the load on the system. High load has a negative impact on system components, which can lead to malfunctions and data loss. To avoid this, the article discusses several design and monitoring approaches, the observance of which will help prevent system malfunctioning. The article describes the most popular way to distribute the area of responsibility of each service, in accordance with the DDD pattern, the use of which will allow you to separate the components of the system logically by use and physically when scaling the system. This approach will also be useful when scaling a team and allow developers to work independently on different system components without interfering with each other. The integration of new people into the project will also take the shortest possible time. When designing the system architecture, it is worth paying attention to the scheme of interaction between services. Using the CQRS pattern allows you to separate reading and writing into different components, which later allows the user to quickly receive a response from the system. Particular attention in the article is paid to monitoring the system, since with an increase in the size of the system, the time to search for errors in the system reaches a large amount of time, which can lead to a long unavailability of the system, which will entail the loss of clients. All the methods described in the article have been applied on many projects, for example, MTS POISK. Thanks to a properly designed system, it was possible to reduce the waiting time for a service response from two minutes to several seconds without losing the quality of the result, and a sophisticated system monitoring system allows you to monitor all processes within the system in real time and prevent accidents. As a result, at the beginning of the system design, special attention should be paid to the architecture, the issue of monitoring and testing the system. Subsequently, these temporary investments will reduce the risks of data loss and system unavailability.
Practical Abstract Interpretation of Binary Code
Authors: Solovev Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Bakulin Maksim Gennadevich , Makarov Sergei Sergeevich , Manushin Dmitrii Valerevich , Padaryan Vartan Andronikovich
Published: January 2021

The mathematical foundations of abstract interpretation provide a unified method of formalization and research of program analysis algorithms for a broad spectrum of practical problems. However, its practical usage for binary code analysis faces several challenges, of both scientific and engineering nature. In this paper we address some of those challenges. We describe an intermediate representation that is tailored to binary code analysis; unlike some other IRs it is still useable in system code analysis. To achieve this, we take into account the low-level specifics of how CPUs work; on the IR level this mostly pertains to modeling main memory in that accesses can fail, and addresses can alias. Further, we propose an infrastructure for carrying out abstract interpretation on top of the IR. The user needs to implement the abstract state and the transfer functions, and the infrastructure handles the rest: two executors are currently implemented, one for analysis of a single path, and one for fixed point analysis. Both executors handle interprocedural analysis internally, via inlining or using summaries, so the interpretations only consider only procedure at a time, which greatly simplifies implementation. The IR and the abstract interpretation framework are used together to define a model pipeline for a target instruction set architecture, consisting of a fetch stage, a decode stage, and an execute stage. A distinct fetch stage allows to model delay slots, hardware loops, etc. We currently have limited implementations for RISC-V and x86. The x86 implementation is evaluated in two experiments where concolic execution is used to automatically analyze a «crackme» program, both in dynamic (execution trace) and static (executable image) setting. In conclusion, we outline the future directions of our project.
Method of Masking Transmitted Information
Authors: Zakalkin Pavel Vladimirovich , Ivanov Sergei Aleksandrovich , Vershennik Elena Valer’evna , Kir’yanov Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: January 2021

The processes of globalization, the emergence and active development of cyberspace have led to the need to protect information transmitted in the framework of information exchange. Existing approaches to information protection, in particular its encryption, steganography, etc. from the point of view of information exchange have a number of unmasking features that, despite the undoubted reliability of these approaches, significantly reduce the secrecy of information transmission. The proposed article considers an approach that allows for the hidden transmission of protected information over open communication channels, by masking the transmitted information. The development of the proposed approach was carried out in stages. at the first stage, a method for masking the transmitted information was developed and patented. At the next stage, on the basis of the developed method, a functional model of client and server applications of the hidden information transmission complex is created. The transfer of masked information is proposed to be carried out using the developed protocol of hidden information transfer. The block diagram of the package of the proposed Protocol for transmitting hidden information, the implementation and use of the Protocol at the application level are presented in this paper. At the final stage, a software implementation of the proposed approach was developed and modeling of information exchange at different offset Windows was performed. the paper presents a functional model of the developed complex, a scheme of interaction of functional modules, and a block diagram of the proposed approach to masking the transmitted information. Increasing the secrecy of information transmission is provided by the procedure for converting a carrier message into a marker message by forming an offset window, as well as using an array of digital records to select the carrier message. The proposed approach allows you to use a smaller carrier message when increasing the window size and using a sliding window depending on the size of the information message, you can choose the optimal size of the carrier message and the offset window.
Study of Mangrove Forest Existing Condition using Remote Sensing Image in The Karawang Coast of 2018
Authors: Komarudin R. Ade , Pranoto Aris Kabul , Sutono Dian , Djari Anthon Anthonny
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe northern part of Karawang is a coastal area with mostly mud-sand substrates. This substrate tends to be unstable, so that naturally, this kind of sediment is supported by coastal vegetation that forms coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves; therefore, the importance of mangroves in Karawang coast is definite. Unfotunately the data regarding the condition of mangroves in Karawang Regency is quite insufficient. This information, especially about its existence, is needed as a database for further research and as basis to support government policies on coastal area management. The aim of this research is to provide information about the existence of mangrove in Karawang Regency. The method is by using Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculations on Landsat 8 2018 satellite imagery of Karawang to get the data that reveal the information. We have discovered that the existing of mangroves in Karawang Regency in 2018  is 305,14 Ha. Border coast that is vegetated is only 33.75 km of 77 km long coastline of Karawang. Only less than 5% of the total mangrove protected area in Karawang Regency is detected as mangrove from the total 9.055 Ha of the area.
Pengaruh Sistem Resirkulasi Terhadap Kualitas Air, Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Gurame (Osphronemus Goramy), Serta Kelayakan Usaha
Authors: Simanjuntak Fernando Jongguran , Nirmala Kukuh , Yuliana Ernik
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAKSalah satu komoditas ikan air tawar yang menyumbang produksi perikanan terbesar adalah ikan gurame (Osphronemus goramy) yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Pembenihan ikan gurame adalah hal yang penting untuk menjaga keberlanjutan budidaya ikan gurame. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh sistem resirkulasi terhadap kualitas air, kelulushidupan benih ikan gurame, dan kelayakan usaha.  Pembenihan ikan gurame pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga wadah budidaya, yaitu: 1) akuarium dengan sistem resirkulasi (Wadah I); 2) kolam beton sistem air mengalir (Wadah II);  kolam beton sistem pergantian air 30% secara berkala (Wadah III). Parameter yang diamati meliputi kualitas air dan angka kelulushidupan benih ikan gurame, serta kelayakan usahanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan benih ikan gurame pada akuarium dengan sistem resirkulasi mempunyai kualitas air (suhu, oksigen terlarut, dan amoniak) yang terbaik, angka kelulushidupan (average daily growth, average body weight, specific growth ratio, survival rate) yang terbaik, dan membutuhkan modal terbesar pada investasi awal tetapi menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi. Pembenihan ikan gurame dengan sistem resirkulasi direkomendasikan karena meningkatkan kualitas air, menghasilkan tingkat kelulushidupan yang tinggi dan menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi.ABSTRACTOne of the freshwater fish commodities that contributes to the largest fisheries production is giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) which has high economic value. Giant gourami hatchling is important to maintain the sustainability of its cultivation. This study aims to analyze the effect of recirculation system to water quality, survival rates, and feasibility of giant gourami hatchling business. Giant gourami hatchling in this study uses three cultivation containers, namely: 1) an aquarium with a recirculation system (Container I); 2) concrete pond with flowing water system (Container II); concrete pond with 30% water change system periodically (Container III). The parameters observed included water quality and survival rate of giant gourami hatchling, as well as the feasibility of their business. The results indicated that the giant gourami hatchling in an aquarium with a recirculation system had the best water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia), had the best survival rate (average daily growth, average body weight, specific growth ratio, survival rate), and requires the largest amount of capital in the initial investment but yields more returns. Giant gouramy hatchery with a recirculation system is recommended due to improves water quality, results in a high survival rate and generates higher profits.
Kajian Budidaya Daphnia magna Menggunakan Air Rebusan Kedelai Dan Air Cucian Beras
Authors: Simanjuntak Hernika , Yuliana Ernik , Sektiana Sinar Pagi
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAKDaphnia magna memiliki banyak keunggulan sebagai pakan alami pada budidaya ikan fase larva. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan pertumbuhan Daphnia magna pada budidaya dengan menggunakan beberapa sumber air pupuk/pakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan yaitu pemberian pupuk pakan: kotoran ayam, air cucian beras, dan air rebusan kedelai, masing-masing pada konsentrasi 2%, 5% dan 10% dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji statistik ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan populasi yang lebih baik adalah dengan penambahan pakan/pupuk air rebusan kedelai dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 10%, 5%, dan 2%. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang siginifikan antar perlakuan, namun tidak berbeda signifikan pada penggunaan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Hasil uji BNT menunjukkan bahwa air rebusan kedelai konsentrasi 5% dan 10% memberikan respon yang lebih baik dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan populasi 346 ekor dan 534 ekor. Hasil pengujian kandungan protein dan lemak didapatkan hasil bahwa air rebusan kedelai lebih tinggi dibanding yang lainnya yaitu rata-rata sebesar 2,50% dan 5,77%. Pengujian kandungan Escherichia coli didapatkan hasil jika semua perlakuan menunjukkan kandungan E. coli yang negatif.ABSTRACTDaphnia magna has many advantages as natural food in larval stage fish culture. This study aims to compare the growth of Daphnia magna in cultivation using several sources of fertilizer/feed water. This research was conducted experimentally with a completely randomized design method with the treatment of feeding fertilizer: chicken manure, rice washing water, and soy boiled water, each at a concentration of 2%, 5% and 10% with 3 repetitions. The data analysis used was the ANOVA statistical test and continued with the least significant difference test (LSD). The results indicated that the better population growth was the addition of soybean boiled feed/water fertilizer with concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 2%, respectively. The results of the ANOVA test indicated that was a significant difference between treatments, but not significantly different at the use of different concentrations. LSD test results indicated that soybean boiled water with a concentration of 5% and 10% gave a better response with an average population growth of 346 and 534 individuals. The results of testing the protein and fat content showed that the cooking water for soybeans was higher than the others, namely 2.50% and 5.77%, respectively. The test for Escherichia coli content was obtained if all treatments showed negative E. coli content.
Halaman Belakang
Authors: Subandriyo Joko
Published: January 2021

Halaman Belakang Vol 16 No 2
On the latest stemmas of the _Commedia_ (2007-2017)
Authors: Giola Marco
Published: January 2021

In the decade between 2007 and 2017, the text of Dante's Commedia underwent a large and substantial revision: this process was triggered by a deep rethinking of the tradition which - in 2001 - led to the revolutionary edition by Federico Sanguineti. This essay examines the new stemmatic configurations proposed by the latest publishers, with particular attention to those of Paolo Trovato and his group.
Les manuscrits de Dante à la Bibliothèque nationale de France
Authors: Postec Amandine
Published: January 2021

La bibliothèque nationale de France conserve quarante-six manuscrits de la _Divine Comédie_ qui sont venues au fil des siècles enrichir ses collections. Cet exposé est l'occasion de retracer à grands traits leur histoire au sein de cette institution.
Manuscrits et écritures dans la plus ancienne tradition de la Comédie
Authors: Bertelli Sandro
Published: January 2021

The contribution examines, through some examples of famous manuscripts (such as Ash, Parm, Triv, Urb, etc.), the oldest handwritten production of the Dante’s _Commedia_. After analyzing the production (even not Dante) and the writing of the so-called "copyist of Parm", it is of great interest to identify the name to associate with this extraordinary amanuensis, "Dinus", who signed the ms. Rehdiger 227 of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, which the contribution proves to be of the same hand that copied Parmense 3285 (Parm).
The French manuscripts of Dante’s _Commedia_
Authors: Tonello Elisabetta
Published: January 2021

This essay deals with the _corpus_ of manuscripts of Dante's _Commedia_ preserved in the Bibliothèque National de France from a stemmatics and cultural history point of view. Indeed, through the crossing between external data (signature, date, presence of explicit, interpolations, etc.) and genealogical classification we can draw some interesting information on the cultural circulation of the text and on the 14th and 15th century reception of Dante.
Primi appunti sulle rubriche della _Commedia_
Authors: Marchetti Federico
Published: January 2021

The essay seeks to investigate the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century manuscript tradition of the _Divine Comedy_'s vernacular and Latin rubrics. Despite its hermeneutic relevance and its importance for the study of the early reception of Dante’s poem, such a paratextual feature has been long disregarded by critics. Taking advantage of the devices developed by the Neolachmannian philology, the study aims to provide a first approach to this incredibly complex and fluid tradition. Seventy codices have been taken into account and extensively collated, thus allowing to trace twenty-six manuscripts back to a single archetype omega (which arguably predates many types of rubrics attested in the surviving witnesses).
Quelques anticipations de “notre” _Commedia_ : confirmations et nouveautés textuelles
Authors: Trovato Paolo
Published: January 2021

The paper addresses some features of a forthcoming critical edition of the _Commedia_. After a short presentation of the state of the art and of the possibilities offered by a neo-lachmannian approach, it lists and comments upon some new readings which can give some idea of the outcome of our research.
Dante’s _Commedia_ as an Italian National Edition
Authors: Colbertaldo Roberta
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyses two initiatives in the framework of Italian National Editions with regard to Dante’s _Commedia_, namely its critical edition and the critical edition of its historical commentaries. It comprehends an overview of their historical development since the late 19th. century and an assessment of their most debated aspects.
"One way like a Gorgon, the other way’s a Mars"
Authors: Rossi Valentina
Published: January 2021

The present essay aims at reconstructing the editorial history of Shakespeare’s _Antony and Cleopatra_, by comparing the original text printed in the so-called _First Folio_ (1623) with the later sixteenth- and eighteenth-century English editions, as well as with the Italian translations that were published from the 1900s on. By focussing on such a _corpus_, I will try to demonstrate how the evolution of both the theories and the techniques of translation, and the renewal of the publishing market have, in some cases, altered the original work, conditioning and orienting the reading.
Improving the impact of digital cultural heritage : system, content and users’ challenges
Authors: Feliciati Pierluigi
Published: January 2021

Dans le domaine de la culture, l’impact du patrimoine numérique sur la société est stratégique et constitue la qualité intrinsèque des ressources elles-mêmes. La tendance actuelle incite les institutions GLAM (acronyme anglais pour « Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums », en français « Galeries, Bibliothèques, Archives et Musées ») à dépasser la conception du patrimoine comme « Beau » valable en soi, accessible seulement à quelques spécialistes, et au contraire à favoriser des collisions proactives avec les besoins des communautés, leurs perceptions, leurs choix. Ainsi, étant donné que les éléments cruciaux pour un projet de patrimoine digital semblent être les contenus auxquels il donne accès, les fonctionnalités disponibles, et les usagers, il devient essentiel de tenir compte des besoins et attentes de ces derniers, qu’ils soient explicites ou non, pour assurer un service convenable.Cette contribution présente brièvement les principaux problèmes et les possibilités offertes par une structuration des études d’utilisateurs de produits culturels numériques, en se concentrant sur le système, les contenus et les utilisateurs, qui constituent les trois pôles de cette structure interactive.
Comment sortir les textes du musée computationnel ?
Authors: Noille Christine
Published: January 2021

Numériser des données et documenter les bases participent d’un processus global de patrimonialisation des textes sous forme de données : mais la patrimonialisation passe ici par l’éviction de la textualité. La _distant reading_ n’est que métaphoriquement une lecture car les machines ne lisent pas, au sens littéral.D’où l’urgence, pour les communautés littéraires, fédérées autour des activités de _close reading_, d’évaluer les limites du paradigme éditorial numérique actuel et d’envisager une conversion des humanités numériques à des problématiques de _data-visualization_ susceptibles de répondre à leur attente en matière de lecture augmentée.
Outils hypermédia et temps multidimensionnel du patrimoine
Authors: Martinet Marie-Madeleine
Published: January 2021

L’article montre comment le numérique donne une vision active du patrimoine, mêlant connaissance du passé et expérience présente. Première possibilité offerte par le numérique : le jeu de rôle historique interactif. Mettant l’utilisateur dans le rôle d’un homme de métier ancien – architecte du XVIII siècle par exemple –, le parcours utilise les fonctionnalités des circuits multimédia, notamment la proposition de choix à chaque étape, pour présenter rétrospectivement les décisions entre plusieurs options prises pour construire un bâtiment, mettant ainsi le patrimoine subsistant sur un fond d’autres options restées irréelles.Les parcours interactifs avec choix peuvent aussi porter sur les représentations du passé : questions d’appariement où l’utilisateur fait correspondre plusieurs images anciennes d’un lieu avec leurs genres picturaux respectifs (comme dessin technique ou peinture imaginative), soulignant ainsi la multiplicité de visions possibles dans la conscience patrimoniale ; et dans les arts contemporains, découverte d’analogies entre les procédés de filtres utilisés pour les images numériques d’un lieu historique, et les effets esthétiques de marbrures dans les représentations anciennes.Le patrimoine recréé par le numérique unit ainsi le patrimoine matériel du passé à la pratique du patrimoine immatériel vécu du savoir-faire.
Web et humanités numériques
Authors: Pizzo Marco
Published: January 2021

Le « Fondo Guerra », conservé au Museo Centrale del Risorgimento, a fait l’objet d’un projet ciblé d’informatisation et de numérisation qui a abouti à la constitution du portail www.14-18.it. La numérisation a permis de réunir les documents présents, identifiés et décrits dans les différentes sections. Ce fonds est arrivé au Musée avec pour objectif précis de documenter la Première Guerre mondiale, qui est considérée comme la quatrième Guerre d’Indépendance italienne. L’ensemble des documents recueillis au Musée a été divisé en deux sections: l’« Archivio della guerra » et la « Biblioteca della guerra », qui contient également des notices nécrologiques. Ces deux sections furent divisées en 1935 entre trois institutions différentes : la Biblioteca di storia moderna e contemporanea, le Museo Centrale del Risorgimento et la Biblioteca Universitaria Alessandrina. Aujourd’hui, grâce à ce projet commun de numérisation et d’informatisation, le fonds a été virtuellement réunifié et est accessible en ligne.
LATENCY OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors:   International Kazakh-Turkish University (Turkestan, Republic Kazakhstan), Abdramanova Nazira K. , Alaukhanov Esbergen O. ,   Supreme Court of the Republic Kazakhstan (Nur-Sultan, Republic Kazakhstan)
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of domestic violence and its latency in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As a result of the analysis of the conducted sociological research the authors revealed the reasons why the victims of domestic violence are afraid to apply to the law enforcement authorities and proposed measures for obtaining true infor-mation about the real extent of domestic violence. Violence is a serious problem in society as it has very dangerous consequences, both for the physical and psychological state of the victims. Recently, there has been an increase in domestic violence. The victims of domestic violence are women, children, the elderly and the disabled, the most defenceless categories of citizens. In order to study problems of domestic violence and to identify its causes and extent of its latency a sociological survey was carried out in September 2020 which involved 642 people from 3 regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Zhambyl, Turkestan, Almaty) and 3 cities of national importance (Nur-Sultan, Alma-Ata, Shymkent). Of those surveyed, 84 per cent were female and 16 per cent male. The survey revealed the extent of domestic violence. According to the findings of the survey, 85 per cent of the population surveyed reported domestic violence. More than a half identified physical violence as the main form of violence, 40% identified moral and psycho-logical violence, and 10% identified economic violence in families. Reasons for the latency of violence include the well-established mentality in Kazakhstan, which dictates its own rules of behaviour, the rules of morality and ethics that prevail in society, and the persistence of patriarchal attitudes in the family. Another objective of the survey was to determine what measures people thought would be more effective in preventing domestic violence. Most respondents noted a need for toughening of legislation on domestic violence, introducing a separate crime in criminal legislation (51.9%), holding preventive talks in families (40.7%), establishing crisis centres and shelters for victims of domestic violence (33.3%). In general, it is noted that in order to obtain true information about the real extent of domestic violence and to reduce its latency, all measures should be divided into three main directions, depending on the type of latency to be affected. The first is to minimise the latency of all crime. Secondly, measures should be taken to reduce natural latency. Thirdly, measures should be taken to reduce man-made crime. Citizens' trust and cooperation with law enforce-ment agencies should be increased. On this basis, further study and research is required to provide the rationale and evidence for identifying the latency of violent offences.