bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coenseigner en milieu de formation initiale pour former aux pratiques collaboratives
Authors: Gremion François , Carron Pascal
Published: February 2021

Dans la perspective d’une école inclusive, le coenseignement est reconnu comme une voie féconde pour la prise en charge des élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers. Comme formatrices et formateurs soucieux de participer à la construction d’une école inclusive, qu’est-il possible de faire du moment que ni les conditions sur le terrain ne sont propices à la co-intervention ni qu’il est souhaitable d’imposer une pratique de coenseignement alors que le contenu du cours dont on a la charge n’en est pas l’objet? Ce texte a pour objectif d’identifier à quel point le fait de suivre un dispositif de formation assuré par diverses formes de coenseignement en institut de formation détermine ou non l’ouverture du futur personnel enseignant à en faire de même dans sa pratique. Notre résultat montre que le coenseignement semble plutôt perçu comme une ressource pour le développement professionnel, un moyen à disposition pour répondre aux défis que pose l’inclusion scolaire si les conditions préalables sont réunies – à savoir, avant tout, une bonne entente avec les collègues. Sans pouvoir généraliser nos résultats, on peut faire l’hypothèse que la mise en place d’un coenseignement semble pertinente en formation initiale pour inciter de futures enseignantes et futurs enseignants du secondaire à sa mise en oeuvre dans leurs écoles.
Tom Nook, Capitalist or Comrade?
Authors: Vossen Emma
Published: February 2021

Many millennial Animal Crossing players will experience the joy of paying off their beautiful three-floor in-game home only to have that joy cut short by the crushing realization that they may never experience homeownership in real life. Who do we then take that anger and disappointment out on? The capitalists with a stranglehold on the housing market? The governments and companies holding our lives hostage for student loan debt? Our landlords who take most of our income each month so we can keep a roof over our heads? Our bosses who are criminally underpaying us for our labour? Or is it a fictional racoon? Arguments about the ethics of Animal Crossing’s non-playable character Tom Nook are inescapable in online discussions about the Animal Crossing series. These discussions generally have two sides: either Tom Nook is a capitalistic villain who exploits the player’s labour for housing, or he is a benevolent landowner who helps the player out in hard times. Vossen first sets the stage by discussing the cultural significance of both the Animal Crossing series, focusing in on Animal Crossing: New Horizons (2020), and the millennial housing crisis. She then examines the many tweets, memes, comics, and articles that vilify Tom Nook (and a few that defend him) and asks: are we really mad at Tom, or are we mad at the cruelty and greed of the billionaires, bosses, and landowners in our real lives? Vossen argues that what she calls “Nook discourse” represents the radical social potential of Animal Crossing to facilitate large-scale real-world conversations about housing, economic precarity, class, and labour that could help change hearts and minds about the nature of wealth.
Friends of Relational Sociology? The Relational Current as a Space of Hospitality
Authors: Pyyhtinen Olly
Published: February 2021

The text considers the writings of François Dépelteau from the framework of hospitality, as an invitation for scholars to participate in specifying the key ideas and practices of the relational sociology movement. Thereby, instead of searching for cues where he would speak about hospitality, the text explores his thinking as hospitality. It examines how his writings performatively try out and expand the possibilities of creating hospitality within the relational sociology movement. The article suggests that the antinomy between what Jacques Derrida has called unconditional and conditional hospitality proves helpful when trying to explicate Dépelteau’s views on keeping relational sociology alive as a project or intellectual movement. The difficulty of the community building, it will be maintained, comes down to finding a balance between embracing difference and protecting identity.
Westworld: “Los placeres violentos poseen finales violentos”
Authors: Gandasegui Vicente
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo analiza los veinte capítulos de las dos primeras temporadas de la serie Westworld (Nolan y Joy, 2016) mediante un análisis de contenido. La acción de Westworld se sitúa en un parque temático del Oeste en el que la tecnología ha permitido crear simulaciones indistinguibles de los humanos para que los visitantes satisfagan sus instintos más primarios interactuando con ellos. En este sentido, uno de los ejes que han guiado la investigación ha sido explorar las posibles relaciones entre los humanos y los poshumanos, criaturas artificiales que superan en capacidades intelectuales y físicas a sus referentes biológicos. La confusión que genera la (re)creación tecnológica de lo conocido produce una constante confusión entre los visitantes humanos, los anfitriones poshumanos y los espectadores, indagando a través de imágenes, diálogos y argumentos en ideas posmodernas en torno a la relación entre la realidad y el simulacro. Asimismo, la serie examina y aporta una nueva perspectiva acerca de la singularidad y la posibilidad de que se revierta el dominio actual sobre las máquinas y la tecnología que creamos deje de estar a nuestro servicio. De esta manera, Westworld, a partir de diferentes líneas argumentales, da forma a las inquietudes sociales y culturales que provoca el actual y potencial desarrollo tecnológico, prestando también atención al poder que subyace en el control de toda la información que generan los individuos, en conocer lo que hacen, manifiestan y piensan las personas.
Relations-In-Process: In Honour of François Depelteau
Authors: Crossley Nick
Published: February 2021

In this paper, reflecting the twin interests of François Dépelteau, I draw together the themes of ‘relationality’ and ‘process’. Having argued that the concept of ‘relations’ is central to sociology (and a fortiori ‘relational’ sociology), I discuss some of the problems associated with the concept. In this context I propose a processual conception. A social relation, I argue, is the ‘state of play’ in an interaction history between two actors and, as such, is always ‘in process’. Relations do not exist in isolation, however. They concatenate in complex networks, which are themselves always ‘in process’. The later sections of the paper discuss such networks and the mechanisms which drive their evolution across time.
Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi Kejadian Leptospirosis di 2 kabupaten Lokasi Surveilans Sentinel Leptospirosis Provinsi Banten tahun 2017 – 2019
Authors: Ariani Novie , Wahyono Tri Yunis Miko
Published: February 2021

Leptospirosis termasuk dalam zoonosis, penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptopira, tersebar di seluruh dunia, tetapi paling umum pada daerah tropik dan sub tropik yang memiliki curah hujan tinggi Terjadinya kasus leptopsirosis terkait erat dengan rantai penularan, dan rantai penularan leptospirosis terkait dengan banyak faktor. Faktor risiko leptospirosis dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam 3 kelompok utama: faktor hewan, faktor lingkungan, dan faktor manusia. Banten yang merupakan daerah endemis Leptospirosis, terpilih untuk menjadi lokasi surveilans Sentinel Leptospirosis, tepatnya berlokasi di Kab, Tangerang dan Kab. Serang. Penelitian tentang leptospirosis masih sangat jarang dilakukan di provinsi Banten, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian leptospirosis di 2 kabupaten lokasi surveilans sentinel leptopspirosis provinsi Banten selama tahun 2017 – 2019. Rancangan penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan populasi sampel adalah suspek Leptospirosis di lokasi Sentinel. Dari hasil penelitian di dapat hasil faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian leptospirosis di 2 kabupaten lokasi surveilas sentinel Leptospirosis di Provinsi Banten tahun 2017 – 2019 adalah jenis kelamin POR 2,2 95%CI : 1,099 - 4,327 , umur POR 0,13 95%CI: 0,134 - 0,523, penyimpanan makanan tertutup POR 0,44 95%CI: 1,012 - 5,109, keberadaan tikus POR 4,08 95%CI : 1,738 - 9,566, keberadaan hewan peliharaan POR 2,24 95%CI: 1,104 - 4,544 dan kontak dengan air tergenang POR 2,88 95%CI : 1,418 - 5,827.
Hubungan Diabetes Mellitus Terhadap Kejadian Disabilitas Untuk Activities ff Daily Living (ADL) di Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Halimah , Bantas Krisnawati
Published: February 2021

Diabetes Mellitus salah satu PTM tertinggi didunia, prevalensi global diabetes  di antara orang dewasa di atas 18 tahun telah meningkat dari 4,7% pada 1980 menjadi 8,5% pada 2014. Penelitian yang dilakukan  Edward ditemukan bahwa> 50% orang tua dengan diabetes melaporkan kesulitan melakukan aktivitas fisik sehari-hari. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Rindra bahwa individu yang menderita diabetes akan berisiko 3kali (95% CI; 2.860-3.288) dibandingkan individu yang tidak menderita diabetes untuk mengalami disabilitas. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat hubungan diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian disabilitas untuk aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari (ADL). Penelitian ini desain cross sectional data IFLS 2015, di analisis sampai multivariat menggunakan Regressi Logistik. Adapun variabel penelitian ini ialah (Diabetes Mellitus, disabilitas, usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, obesitas dan hipertensi). Jumlah studi partisipan semua yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 3408 partisipan. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah Disabilitas, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesitas, Hipertensi, Jenis Kelamin, Usia dan Pendidikan. Definisi operasional pada variabel dependen ialah disabilitas jika salah satu dari 6 item ADL membutuhkan bantuan dan atau tidak mampu melakukannya. Diabetes Mellitus pada penelitian ini individu yang pernah di diagnose tenaga kesehatan dan sedang minum obat DM. Tidak ada hubungan antara diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian disabilitas dengan secara statistika dengan nilai POR 1.225 (95%CI ; 0.379-3.958). Pada variabel kovariat hanya usia dengan rentang  (75-90th) yang berhubungan secara statistika terhadap kejadian disabilitas untuk aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari (ADL)  dengan nilai POR 2.172 (95% CI;1.117-4.222). Tidak ditemukan hubungan diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari (ADL) dengan nilai POR 1.225 (95%CI ; 0.379-3.958) dibandingkan dengan individu yang tidak menderita diabetes mellitus.
CRISPR People
Authors: Greely Henry T.
Published: February 2021

What does the birth of babies whose embryos have gone through genome editing mean—for science and for all of us?

In November 2018, the world was shocked to learn that two babies had been born in China with DNA edited while they were embryos—as dramatic a development in genetics as the 1996 cloning of Dolly the sheep. In this book, Hank Greely, a leading authority on law and genetics, tells the fascinating story of this human experiment and its consequences. Greely explains what Chinese scientist He Jiankui did, how he did it, and how the public and other scientists learned about and reacted to this unprecedented genetic intervention.

The two babies, nonidentical twin girls, were the first “CRISPR'd” people ever born (CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, is a powerful gene-editing method). Greely not only describes He's experiment and its public rollout (aided by a public relations adviser) but also considers, in a balanced and thoughtful way, the lessons to be drawn both from these CRISPR'd babies and, more broadly, from this kind of human DNA editing—“germline editing” that can be passed on from one generation to the next.

Greely doesn't mince words, describing He's experiment as grossly reckless, irresponsible, immoral, and illegal. Although he sees no inherent or unmanageable barriers to human germline editing, he also sees very few good uses for it—other, less risky, technologies can achieve the same benefits. We should consider the implications carefully before we proceed.
The Next Age of Disruption
Authors: MIT Sloan Management Review
Published: February 2021

Clayton Christensen's groundbreaking theory of “disruptive innovation” has proven to be one of the most influential management ideas of the last several decades. In this book, business and management experts—many of them Christensen's colleagues and former students—discuss the innovation challenges that lie ahead. Building on Christensen's work, they offer companies a guide for navigating a new world of disruption—a future in which artificial intelligence is a business tool, the speed of innovation increases dramatically, and capital is more easily accessible. The book also includes one of the last interviews with Christensen before his death in January 2020.

The contributors first consider “the human element,” discussing such topics as why good ideas get stuck and how innovators can allay skittish potential supporters' concerns, ethical issues in an age of disruption, and how to retain top talent. Turning to issues of competition, they examine the nearly frictionless shopping experience offered by such new disrupters as Warby Parker and Dollar Shave Club, discuss AI as a game-changer, and explore the power of platforms. Finally, they consider the future, listing eleven sources of disruption every company should monitor, explaining how to anticipate uncertainty, and describing the benefits of both internal and external partnerships.

Contributors

Scott D. Anthony, Didier Bonnet, Greg Brown, Clayton M. Christensen, Michael A. Cusumano, Karen Dillon, Jeff Dyer, Sebastian K. Fixson, Nathan Furr, Joshua Gans, Annabelle Gawer, Rita Gunther McGrath, Brian Halligan, Nicole Helmer, Mike Hendron, Michael B. Horn, Marco Iansiti, Rahul Kapoor, Thomas Klueter, Karim R. Lakhani, Tucker J. Marion,, Michael Putz, Neil C. Thompson, Amy Webb, Max Wessel, Ardine Williams, Yun Ye, David B. Yoffie
Defining Mental Disorder
Authors: Kincaid Harold , Zachar Peter , Murphy Dominic , Garson Justin , Gerrans Philip , Cooper Rachel , Demazeux Steeves , De Vreese Leen , Lemoine Maël , Thornton Tim , De Block Andreas , Sholl Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Philosophers discuss Jerome Wakefield's influential view of mental disorder as “harmful dysfunction,” with detailed responses from Wakefield himself.

One of the most pressing theoretical problems of psychiatry is the definition of mental disorder. Jerome Wakefield's proposal that mental disorder is “harmful dysfunction” has been both influential and widely debated; philosophers have been notably skeptical about it. This volume provides the first book-length collection of responses by philosophers to Wakefield's harmful dysfunction analysis (HDA), offering a survey of philosophical critiques as well as extensive and detailed replies by Wakefield himself.

HDA is offered as a definition of mental disorder, but it is also the outcome of a method—conceptual analysis—and contributors first take up HDA's methodology, considering such topics as HDA's influences on the DSM, empirical support for HDA, and clinical practice. They go on to discuss HDA's ultimate goal, the demarcation between normal and abnormal; the dysfunction component of the analysis, addressing issues that include developmental plasticity, autism and neurodiversity, and the science of salience; and the harmful component, examining harmless dysfunction, normal variation, medicalization, and other questions. Wakefield offers substantive responses to each chapter.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.

Contributors

Rachel Cooper, Andreas De Block, Steeves Demazeux, Leen De Vreese, Luc Faucher, Denis Forest, Justin Garson, Philip Gerrans, Harold Kincaid, Maël Lemoine, Dominic Murphy, Jonathan Sholll, Tim Thornton, Jerome Wakefield, Peter Zachar
Proximity proteomics in a marine diatom reveals a putative cell surface-to-chloroplast iron trafficking pathway
Authors: Turnšek Jernej , Brunson John K , Viedma Maria del Pilar Martinez , Deerinck Thomas J , Horák Aleš , Oborník Miroslav , Bielinski Vincent A , Allen Andrew Ellis
Published: February 2021

Iron is a biochemically critical metal cofactor in enzymes involved in photosynthesis, cellular respiration, nitrate assimilation, nitrogen fixation, and reactive oxygen species defense. Marine microeukaryotes have evolved a phytotransferrin-based iron uptake system to cope with iron scarcity, a major factor limiting primary productivity in the global ocean. Diatom phytotransferrin is endocytosed; however, proteins downstream of this environmentally ubiquitous iron receptor are unknown. We applied engineered ascorbate peroxidase APEX2-based subcellular proteomics to catalog proximal proteins of phytotransferrin in the model marine diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutum. Proteins encoded by poorly characterized iron-sensitive genes were identified including three that are expressed from a chromosomal gene cluster. Two of them showed unambiguous colocalization with phytotransferrin adjacent to the chloroplast. Further phylogenetic, domain, and biochemical analyses suggest their involvement in intracellular iron processing. Proximity proteomics holds enormous potential to glean new insights into iron acquisition pathways and beyond in these evolutionarily, ecologically, and biotechnologically important microalgae.
A spinoparabrachial circuit defined by Tacr1 expression drives pain
Authors: Barik Arnab , Sathyamurthy Anupama , Thompson James , Seltzer Mathew , Levine Ariel , Chesler Alexander
Published: February 2021

Painful stimuli evoke a mixture of sensations, negative emotions and behaviors. These myriad effects are thought to be produced by parallel ascending circuits working in combination. Here, we describe a pathway from spinal cord to brain for ongoing pain. Activation of a subset of spinal neurons expressing Tacr1 evokes a full repertoire of somatotopically directed pain-related behaviors in the absence of noxious input. Tacr1 projection neurons (expressing NKR1) target a tiny cluster of neurons in the superior lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBN-SL). We show that these neurons, which also express Tacr1 (PBN-SLTacr1), are responsive to sustained but not acute noxious stimuli. Activation of PBN-SLTacr1 neurons alone did not trigger pain responses but instead served to dramatically heighten nocifensive behaviors and suppress itch. Remarkably, mice with silenced PBN-SLTacr1 neurons ignored long-lasting noxious stimuli. Together, these data reveal new details about this spinoparabrachial pathway and its key role in the sensation of ongoing pain.
Individual variation in Achilles tendon morphology and geometry changes susceptibility to injury
Authors: Yin Nai-Hao , Fromme Paul , McCarthy Ian , Birch Helen L
Published: February 2021

The unique structure of the Achilles tendon, combining three smaller sub-tendons, enhances movement efficiency by allowing individual control from connected muscles. This requires compliant interfaces between sub-tendons, but compliance decreases with age and may account for increased injury frequency. Current understanding of sub-tendon sliding and its role in the whole Achilles tendon function is limited. Here we show changing the degree of sliding greatly affects the tendon mechanical behaviour. Our in vitro testing discovered distinct sub-tendon mechanical properties in keeping with their mechanical demands. In silico study based on measured properties, subject-specific tendon geometry, and modified sliding capacity demonstrated age-related displacement reduction similar to our in vivo ultrasonography measurements. Peak stress magnitude and distribution within the whole Achilles tendon are affected by individual tendon geometries, the sliding capacity between sub-tendons, and different muscle loading conditions. These results suggest clinical possibilities to identify patients at risk and design personalised rehabilitation protocols.
A critical residue in the α1M2–M3 linker regulating mammalian GABAA receptor pore gating by diazepam
Authors: Nors Joseph W , Gupta Shipra , Goldschen-Ohm Marcel P
Published: February 2021

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are a class of widely prescribed psychotropic drugs that modulate activity of GABAA receptors (GABAARs), neurotransmitter-gated ion channels critical for synaptic transmission. However, the physical basis of this modulation is poorly understood. We explore the role of an important gating domain, the α1M2–M3 linker, in linkage between the BZD site and pore gate. To probe energetics of this coupling without complication from bound agonist, we use a gain of function mutant (α1L9'Tβ2γ2L) directly activated by BZDs. We identify a specific residue whose mutation (α1V279A) more than doubles the energetic contribution of the BZD positive modulator diazepam (DZ) to pore opening and also enhances DZ potentiation of GABA-evoked currents in a wild-type background. In contrast, other linker mutations have little effect on DZ efficiency, but generally impair unliganded pore opening. Our observations reveal an important residue regulating BZD-pore linkage, thereby shedding new light on the molecular mechanism of these drugs.
In vivo proteomic mapping through GFP-directed proximity-dependent biotin labelling in zebrafish
Authors: Xiong Zherui , Lo Harriet P , McMahon Kerrie-Ann , Martel Nick , Jones Alun , Hill Michelle M , Parton Robert G , Hall Thomas E
Published: February 2021

Protein interaction networks are crucial for complex cellular processes. However, the elucidation of protein interactions occurring within highly specialised cells and tissues is challenging. Here, we describe the development, and application, of a new method for proximity-dependent biotin labelling in whole zebrafish. Using a conditionally stabilised GFP-binding nanobody to target a biotin ligase to GFP-labelled proteins of interest, we show tissue-specific proteomic profiling using existing GFP-tagged transgenic zebrafish lines. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach, termed BLITZ (Biotin Labelling In Tagged Zebrafish), in diverse cell types such as neurons and vascular endothelial cells. We applied this methodology to identify interactors of caveolar coat protein, cavins, in skeletal muscle. Using this system, we defined specific interaction networks within in vivo muscle cells for the closely related but functionally distinct Cavin4 and Cavin1 proteins.
Mitochondrial copper and phosphate transporter specificity was defined early in the evolution of eukaryotes
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Boulet Aren , Buckley Katherine M , Phillips Casey B , Gammon Micah G , Oldfather Laura E , Moore Stanley A , Leary Scot C , Cobine Paul A
Published: February 2021

The mitochondrial carrier family protein SLC25A3 transports both copper and phosphate in mammals, yet inSaccharomyces cerevisiaethe transport of these substrates is partitioned across two paralogs: PIC2 and MIR1. To understand the ancestral state of copper and phosphate transport in mitochondria, we explored the evolutionary relationships of PIC2 and MIR1 orthologs across the eukaryotic tree of life. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PIC2-like and MIR1-like orthologs are present in all major eukaryotic supergroups, indicating an ancient gene duplication created these paralogs. To link this phylogenetic signal to protein function, we used structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis to identify residues involved in copper and phosphate transport. Based on these analyses, we generated an L175A variant of mouse SLC25A3 that retains the ability to transport copper but not phosphate. This work highlights the utility of using an evolutionary framework to uncover amino acids involved in substrate recognition by mitochondrial carrier family proteins.
What Can be Expected from “Anode‐Free” Lithium Metal Batteries?
Authors: Salvatierra Rodrigo V. , Chen Weiyin , Tour James M.
Published: February 2021

“Anode‐free” lithium metal batteries are cells that have no excess lithium metal. They have become a topic of tremendous attention, mostly driven by recent progress and interest in practical batteries with Li metal anodes. These cells are expected to provide improved performance. However, a deeper analysis on the potential manufacturing costs have not been weighed against the cell attributes. Specifically, the increased energy density and gravimetric energy density of anode‐free cells versus their reduced cycle life when compared with standard lithium‐ion batteries (LIB). In this perspective, a multifaceted comparison between anode‐free batteries with current LIB and future Li metal‐based batteries is shown. Furthermore, not only an overview of the research strategies on the anode‐free design is provided but also attempted to estimate the potential advantages weighed in different scenarios considering cost, performance, processing, and technology maturity.
Indium‐Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Sakai Norio , Shimada Retsu , Ogiwara Yohei
Published: February 2021

Described herein is that a novel InBr3/PhSiH3 reducing system in a 1,4‐dioxane solution smoothly and effectively undertook deoxygenation of a variety of sulfoxides leading to the facile preparation of sulfide derivatives. Also, it was demonstrated that the reducing system shows a higher reactivity towards sulfoxides than that towards commonly reducible functional groups, such as carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and sulfones.
An Acidity‐Unlocked Magnetic Nanoplatform Enables Self‐Boosting ROS Generation through Upregulation of Lactate for Imaging‐Guided Highly Specific Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Shi Linan , Wang Youjuan , Zhang Cheng , Zhao Yan , Lu Chang , Yin Baoli , Yang Yue , Gong Xiangyang , Teng Lili , Liu Yanlan , Zhang Xiaobing , Song Guosheng
Published: February 2021

Chemodynamic therapy is an emerging tumor therapeutic strategy. However, the anticancer effects are greatly limited by the strong acidity requirements for effective Fenton‐like reaction, and the inevitably “off‐target” toxicity. Herein, we develop an acidity‐unlocked nanoplatform (FePt@FeOx@TAM‐PEG) that can accurately perform the high‐efficient and tumor‐specific catalysis for anticancer treatment, through dual pathway of cyclic amplification strategy. Notably, the pH‐responsive peculiarity of tamoxifen (TAM) drug allows for the catalytic activity of FePt@FeOx to be “turn‐on” in acidic tumor microenvironments, while keeping silence in neutral condition. Importantly, the released TAM within cancer cells is able to inhibit mitochondrial complex I, leading to the upregulated lactate content and thereby the accumulated intracellular H+, which can overcome the intrinsically insufficient acidity of tumor. Through the positive feedback loop, large amount of active FePt@FeOx nanocatalyzers are released and able to access to the endogenous H2O2, exerting the improved Fenton‐like reaction within the more acidic condition. Finally, such smart nanoplatform enables self‐boosting generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces strong intracellular oxidative stress, leading to the substantial anticancer outcomes in vivo, which may provide a new insight for tumor‐specific cascade catalytic therapy and reducing the “off‐target” toxicity to surrounding normal tissues.
Hole‐Storage Enhanced a‐Si Photocathodes for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Doudou , Du Minyong , Wang Pengpeng , Wang Hui , Shi Wenwen , Gao Yuying , Karuturi Siva , Catchpole Kylie , Zhang Jian , Fan Fengtao , Shi Jingying , Liu Shengzhong
Published: February 2021

Ferrihydrite (Fh) has been demonstrated as an effective interfacial layer for photoanodes to achieve outstanding photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance for water oxidation reaction owing to its unique hole‐storage function. However, it is unknown whether such a hole‐storage layer can be used to construct highly efficient photocathodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, we report Fh interfacial engineering of amorphous silicon photocathode (with nickel as HER cocatalyst) achieving a photocurrent density of 15.6 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode and a half‐cell energy conversion efficiency of 4.08 % in alkaline solution, outperforming most of reported a‐Si based photocathodes including multi‐junction configurations integrated with noble metal cocatalysts in acid solution. Besides, the photocurrent density is maintained above 14 mA cm−2 for 175 min with 100 % Faradaic efficiency for HER in alkaline solution. Our results demonstrate a feasible approach to construct efficient photocathodes via the application of a hole‐storage layer.
MOF Nanosheet Reconstructed Two‐Dimensional Bionic Nanochannel for Protonic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wu Guo‐Dong , Zhou Hai‐Lun , Fu Zhi‐Hua , Li Wen‐Hua , Xiu Jing‐Wei , Yao Ming‐Shui , Li Qiao‐hong , Xu Gang
Published: February 2021

The construction of hydrophobic nanochannel with hydrophilic sites for bionic devices to proximally mimick real bio‐system is still challenging. Taking the advantages of MOF chemistry, a highly oriented CuTCPP thin film has been successfully reconstructed with ultra‐thin nanosheets to produce abundant two‐dimensional interstitial hydrophobic nanochannels with hydrophilic sites. Different from the classical active‐layer material with proton transport in bulk, CuTCPP thin film represents a new type of active‐layer with proton transport in nanochannel for bionic proton field‐effect transistor (H+‐FETs). The resultant device can reversibly modulate the proton transport by varying the voltage on its gate electrode. Meanwhile, it shows the highest proton mobility of ≈9.5×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and highest on‐off ratio of 4.1 among all of the reported H+‐FETs. Our result demonstrates a powerful material design strategy for proximally mimicking the structure and properties of bio‐systems and constructing bionic electrical devices.
Shape‐Induced Kinetics Enhancement in Layered P2‐Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 Porous Microcuboids Enables High Energy/Power Sodium‐Ion Full Battery
Authors: Peng Bo , Sun Zhihao , Zhao Liping , Zeng Suyuan , Zhang Genqiang
Published: February 2021

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Genqiang Zhang. The cover picture shows unique one‐dimensional P2‐type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 porous microcuboids cathode for Na‐ion battery achieving high energy/power densities. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/batt.202000226.
Green Synthesized Nanomaterial‐based Colorimetric Sensors for Detection of Environmental Toxicants
Authors: Saxena Megha , Jain Khyati , Saxena Reena
Published: February 2021

Nanotechnology has emerged as a significant tool in various fields of science. Synthesis of metal nanoparticles using physical and chemical methods are based on the use of toxic chemicals which have deleterious effect on the environment. To overcome the limitations of chemical methods, green synthesis provides an eco‐friendly and inexpensive alternative path for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Since nature provides a variety of products in the form of plants, bacteria, fungi and biopolymers which serve the purpose in a safer way, green resources like plant extracts, certain bacteria, fungus and biopolymers have been used to synthesize metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles as colorimetric sensors gained much attention in recent years due to their sensitive and selective color change which is visible by the naked eye. They are portable and cost effective. This review highlights the green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts and biopolymers, and their characterization, mechanism and factors affecting synthesis. Specific application of these green synthesized nanoparticles as colorimetric sensors for the detection of toxic pollutants in water is discussed in detail.
Investigating the stress‐related fluctuations of level of personality functioning: A critical review and agenda for future research
Authors: Sinnaeve Roland , Vaessen Thomas , van Diest Ilse , Myin‐Germeys Inez , van den Bosch Louisa M. C. , Vrieze Elske , Kamphuis Jan Henk , Claes Stephan
Published: February 2021

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) proposed a dimensional approach to the assessment of personality disorders (PDs). Both models dictate that the clinician first determines PD severity before assessing maladaptive traits, invoking the level of personality functioning (LPF) construct. We consider LPF a promising dimensional construct for translational research because of its clinical importance and conceptual overlap with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Social Processes. We aim to identify biomarkers that co‐vary with fluctuations in LPF in adulthood, ultimately to predict persistent decrease in LPF, associated with suicidality and morbidity. However, a theoretical framework to investigate stress‐related oscillations in LPF is currently missing. In this article, we aim to fill this hiatus with a critical review about stress and LPF. First, we discuss acute stress and LPF. We briefly present the basics of the neurophysiological stress response and review the literature on momentary and daily fluctuations in LPF, both at a subjective and physiological level. Second, we review the effects of chronic stress on brain function and social behaviour and recapitulate the main findings from prospective cohort studies. This review underlies our suggestions for multimethod assessment of stress‐related oscillations in LPF and our theoretical framework for future longitudinal studies, in particular studies using the experience sampling method (ESM).
Performance of novel sorghum germplasm in Pennsylvania and their response to anthracnose
Authors: Gaffoor Iffa , Sandoya Germán V. , Xavier Katia V. , Nuckles Etta M. , Pinnamaneni Srinivasa R. , Vaillancourt Lisa J. , Chopra Surinder
Published: February 2021

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) has the potential to become a widespread commercial feedstock crop in Pennsylvania, either in rotation with maize (Zea mays L.) or grown alongside it. In other locations where sorghum has been grown for a long time, it is attacked by Colletotrichum sublineola Henn. ex Sacc. & Trotter, a fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineola) leaf blight (ALB), thereby diminishing yield. Field surveys were carried out in 2011, 2012, and 2016 to monitor the presence of C. sublineola in commercial sorghum fields in six Pennsylvania locations. Senescing, lower leaves developed lesions that yielded Colletotrichum sp., including isolates of C. sublineola. The pathogen was not recovered from field debris, and ALB symptoms were not observed on the younger leaves of plants. In preparation for widespread cultivation of sorghum in Pennsylvania, we evaluated the performance, in field and greenhouse tests, of 158 experimental lines and commercial hybrids, which had been improved in several states in the United States and in other parts of the world. Sources of resistance to ALB and other foliar diseases were discovered that should be useful in breeding programs targeted for Pennsylvania and for northeastern U.S. climatic conditions. Lines received from ICRISAT, especially ICSB94, showed the highest level of resistance in the field.
Bringing to fore the role of peptides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides in health: The research profile of Jiaoyan Ren
Authors: Ren Jiaoyan
Published: February 2021

It is widely accepted that we are what we eat. However, the much talked about nutritional properties and benefits of food depend on the structural characteristics of its constituent molecules. Therefore, Dr. Ren believes in going beyond the traditional food nutrients to focusing on the bioactive food components. Over the past 15 years, she has focused on the structure‐activity relationship and interaction mechanism of bioactive food substances in promoting health. So far, she has mainly focused on peptides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. In this regard, she has successfully extracted, purified and characterized several bioactive peptides, polyphenols and polysaccharides from plant, marine and animal food sources and explored their effect and roles in different conditions such as hyperuricemia and gout, aging, Alzheimer's disease and memory impairment, fatigue among others.
Identifying surface water evaporation loss of inland river basin based on evaporation enrichment model
Authors: Sun Zhigang , Zhu Guofeng , Zhang Zhuanxia , Xu Yuanxiao , Yong Leilei , Wan Qiaozhuo , Ma Huiying , Sang Liyuan , Liu Yuwei
Published: February 2021

Accurately quantifying the evaporation loss of surface water is essential for regional water resources management, especially in arid and semi‐arid areas where water resources are already scarce. The long‐term monitoring of stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in water can provide a sensitive indicator of water loss by evaporation. In this study, we obtained surface water samples of Shiyang River Basin from April to October between 2017 and 2019. The spatial and temporal characteristics of stable isotopes in surface water show the trend of enrichment in summer, depletion in spring, enrichment in deserts and depletion in mountains. The Local Evaporation Line (LEL) obtained by the regression of δ2H and δ18O in surface water has been defined by the lines: δ2H = 7.61δ18O + 14.58 for mountainous area, δ2H = 4.19δ18O − 17.85 for oasis area, δ2H = 4.08δ18O − 18.92 for desert area. The slope of LEL shows a gradual decrease from mountain to desert, indicating that the evaporation of surface water is gradually increasing. The evaporation loss of stable isotopes in surface water is 24.82% for mountainous area, 32.19% for oasis area, and 70.98% for desert area, respectively. Temperature and air humidity are the main meteorological factors affecting the evaporation loss, and the construction of reservoirs and farmland irrigation are the main man‐made factors affecting the evaporation loss.
Who's in power matters: System justification and system derogation in Hungary between 2002 and 2018
Authors: Szabó Zsolt Péter , Lönnqvist Jan‐Erik
Published: February 2021

The present study employed European Social Survey (ESS) data collected between 2002 and 2018 to investigate system justification versus derogation in Hungary. In all nine ESS rounds, system derogation was stronger than system justification. System justification was consistently at its strongest among those who had voted for the ruling party, be it left‐wing MSZP (until 2008) or right‐wing Fidesz (2010 onward). This pattern can be explained by ego and group justification motives alone, with no need to posit an autonomous system justification motive. Voters of Jobbik, who were as right‐wing as Fidesz voters, but whose party was not in power, did not believe the system to be any more just than did left‐wing voters. Much of the research supporting system justification theory has been conducted in stable Western democracies. Our results highlight the need for research in more politically volatile contexts.
Changes in peripheral blood cytokines in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: He Zhiquan , Wang Bohao , Li Yi , Hu Kai , Yi Zhijie , Ma Hongxia , Li Xingle , Guo Wanshen , Xu Bianli , Huang Xueyong
Published: February 2021

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is recognized as an emerging infectious disease. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of SFTS. A total of 100 subjects were randomly included in the study. Cytokine levels were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the viral load was detected by micro drop digital PCR. The results showed that levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐10, IFN‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES) differed significantly among the SFTS patient group, healthy people group, and asymptomatic infection group (p < .05). Compared to the healthy people group, the patient group had increased cytokine levels (IL‐6, IL‐10, IP‐10, MCP‐1, and IFN‐γ) but reduced levels of IL‐8, TGF‐β1, and RANTES (p < .0167). IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IP‐10, MCP‐1, MIP‐1α, TGF‐β1, and the RANTES levels had different trends after the onset of the disease. IL‐6, IL‐10, IP‐10, and MCP‐1 levels in severe patients were higher than those in mild patients (p < .05). There was a positive correlation between viral load and IL‐6 and IP‐10 but a negative correlation between viral load and RANTES. SFTSV could cause a cytokine change: the cytokine levels of patients had different degrees of fluctuation after the onset of the disease. The levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in the asymptomatic infection group were found between the SFTS patients group and the healthy people group. The levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, IP‐10, and MCP‐1 in the serum could reflect the severity of the disease, and the levels of IL‐6, IP‐10, and RANTES were correlated with the viral load.
Brain health registry GenePool study: A novel approach to online genetics research
Authors: Fockler Juliet , Kwang Winnie , Ashford Miriam T. , Flenniken Derek , Hwang Joshua , Truran Diana , Mackin R. Scott , Jin Chengshi , O'Hara Ruth , Hallmayer Joachim F. , Yesavage Jerome A. , Weiner Michael W. , Nosheny Rachel L.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Remote data collection, including the establishment of online registries, is a novel approach to efficiently identify risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older adults, with growing evidence for feasibility and validity. Addition of genetic data to online registries has the potential to facilitate identification of older adults at risk and to advance the understanding of genetic contributions to AD.

Methods

573 older adult participants with longitudinal online Brain Health Registry (BHR) data underwent apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping using remotely collected saliva samples and a novel, automated Biofluid Collection Management Portal. We evaluated acceptability of genetic sample collection and estimated associations between (1) sociodemographic variables and willingness to participate in genetics research and (2) APOE results and online cognitive and functional assessments. We also assessed acceptance of hypothetical genetics research participation by surveying a larger sample of 25,888 BHR participants.

Results

51% of invited participants enrolled in the BHR genetics study, BHR‐GenePool Study (BHR‐GPS); 27% of participants had at least one APOE ε4 allele. Older participants and those with higher educational attainment were more likely to participate. In the remotely administered Cogstate Brief Battery, APOE ε4/ε4 homozygotes (HM) had worse online learning scores, and greater decline in processing speed and attention, compared to ε3/ε4 heterozygotes (HT) and ε4 non‐carriers (NC).

Discussion

APOE genotyping of more than 500 older adults enrolled in BHR supports the feasibility and validity of a novel, remote biofluids collection approach from a large cohort of older adults, with data linkage to longitudinal online cognitive data. This approach can be expanded for efficient collection of genetic data and other information from biofluids in the future.
Women, Art and Observant Franciscan Piety
Authors: Arthur Kathleen Giles
Published: February 2021

Caterina Vigri (later Saint Catherine of Bologna) was a mystic, writer, teacher and nun-artist. Her first home, Corpus Domini, Ferrara, was a house of semi-religious women that became a Poor Clare convent and model of Franciscan Observant piety. Vigri's intensely spiritual decoration of her breviary, as well as convent altarpieces that formed a visual program of adoration for the Body of Christ, exemplify the Franciscan Observant visual culture. After Vigri's departure, it was transformed by d'Este women patrons, including Isabella da Aragona, Isabella d'Este and Lucrezia Borgia. While still preserving Observant ideals, it became a more elite noblewomen's retreat.Grounded in archival research and extant paintings, drawings, prints and art objects from Corpus Domini, this volume explores the art, visual culture, and social history of an early modern Franciscan women's community.
Godefridus Schalcken
Authors: Franits Wayne
Published: February 2021

In his own day, Godefridus Schalcken (1643–1706) was an internationally renowned Dutch painter, but little is known about the four years that he spent in London. Using newly discovered documents, this book provides the first comprehensive examination of Schalcken's activities there. The author analyses Schalcken's strategic appropriations of English styles, his attempts to exploit gaps in the art market, and his impact on tastes in London's milieu. Five chapters survey his art during these years, concluding with a critical catalogue of all his London-period work.
Operationalizing Pandemic Vaccinations at a Regional Supermarket Chain Pharmacy
Authors: Gessler Chiara A. , Richardson Reneé M. , Hall Deanne L. , Coley Kim C.
Published: February 2021

Community pharmacies were underutilized as vaccination locations during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Since that time, community pharmacies are a common location for seasonal influenza vaccinations with approximately one-third of adults now getting vaccinated at a pharmacy. Leveraging community pharmacies to vaccinate during a pandemic such as pandemic influenza or the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic will result in a more timely and comprehensive public health response. The purpose of this article is to summarize the results of a strategic planning meeting held in 2017 that focused on operationalizing pandemic influenza vaccinations at a regional supermarket chain pharmacy. Participating in the planning session from the supermarket chain were organizational experts in pharmacy clinical programs, managed care, operations leadership, supply chain, information technology, loss prevention, marketing, and compliance. Additionally, experts from the county and state departments of health and university faculty collaborated in the planning session. Topics addressed included (1) establishing a memorandum of understanding with the state, (2) developing an internal emergency response plan, (3) scaling the pandemic response, (4) considerations for pharmacy locations, (5) staffing for pandemic response, (6) pandemic vaccine-specific training, (7) pharmacy workflow, (8) billing considerations, (9) documentation, (10) supplies and equipment, (11) vaccine supply chain, (12) communications, and (13) security and crowd control. Information from this planning session may be valuable to community pharmacies across the nation that seek to participate in COVID-19 pandemic vaccinations.