bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Replacement name for a homonym in Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: LOFEGO ANTONIO C. , FERES REINALDO J.F.
Published: July 2022

Lofego & Feres (2006) described a new species of phytoseiid mite of the genus Typhlodromus, named Typhlodromus moraesi Lofego & Feres. A different species of Typhlodromus had already been named T. moraesi Kreiter & Ueckermann (2002), but was not included in the catalogue of Moraes et al. (2004). T. moraesi Lofego & Feres is a junior homonym of T. moraesi of Kreiter & Ueckermann, and is an invalid name according to Article 57 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999). Therefore, Typhlodromus demoraesi nom. nov. is here proposed as a replacement name. As for the original name, the new specific name, T. demoraesi, is in honor Gilberto J. de Moraes, the eminent Brazilian acarologist.
Family Nototanaidae Sieg, 1976 and Typhlotanaidae Sieg, 1984
Authors: BŁAŻEWICZ-PASZKOWYCZ MAGDALENA
Published: July 2022

The deep-water tanaidaceans of the family Typhlotanaidae Sieg, 1984 were examined. In the material seven species were recognized. Three of them Typhlotanais compactus Kudinova-Pasternak, 1966, Torquella angularis (Kudinova-Pasternak, 1966), and Peraeospinosus magnificus (Kudinova-Pasternak, 1970) were already known to science. Four others were undescribed, but because only one of them, Larsenotanais kamchatikus n. sp, was represented by more than one specimen, is described in this paper. Additionally, redescriptions of the poorly known T. angularis and T. compactus, supplement this paper.
Family incertae cedis *
Authors: BIRD GRAHAM J.
Published: July 2022

A heterogeneous collection of tanaidomorphan species that are no longer assigned to existing families is recorded in the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and the Japan Trench, belonging to six genera: Akanthophoreus, Chauliopleona, Exspina, Leptognathia sensu lato, Leptognathioides and Robustochelia. Three new species of Akanthophoreus Sieg, 1986 are described, and four putative taxa are outlined to facilitate consistent identification in future studies.
Ptilopachinae: a new subfamily of the Odontophoridae (Aves: Galliformes)
Authors: BOWIE RAURI C.K. , COHEN CALLAN , CROWE TIMOTHY M.
Published: July 2022

The use of DNA sequences of diverse genetic loci has revolutionized our understanding of the systematic relationships among many different organisms. One such unexpected discovery was that two African galliform species, the Stone Partridge Ptilopachus petrosus Gmelin, 1789, and Nahan’s Francolin Francolinus nahani Dubois, 1905, represent a relictual clade sister to the New World Quail (Odontophoridae) and hence are only distantly related to other Old World Galliformes (Crowe et al. 2006, Cohen et al. 2012). Almost as unexpected was the recovery of the sister relationship between P. petrosus and F. nahani, which had never been considered close relatives, much less placed in the same genus (Crowe et al. 2006, Cohen et al. 2012). Previously unrecognized vocal and behavioral similarities between P. petrosus and P. nahani supported the genetic data and the transfer of nahani to Ptilopachus (Crowe et al. 2006, Cohen et al. 2012). Intriguingly, both species occupy areas suggested to serve both as centres of species diversification and places where relictual taxa persist (Kingdon 1989, Fjeldså & Bowie 2008, Fjeldså et al. 2012): P. nahani in dense primary forest in the vicinity of the Albertine Rift and P. petrosus in rocky outcrops of the Sahel.
Sarcophaga (Hoa) flexuosa Ho (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): association of sexes using morphological and molecular approaches, and a redefinition of Hoa Rohdendorf
Authors: ZHANG DONG , ZHANG MING , PAPE THOMAS , GU CAI-WEI , WU WEI
Published: July 2022

Sarcophaga flexuosa Ho, 1934 is the type species of the currently monotypic genus-group taxon Hoa Rohdendorf, 1937, which here is considered a subgenus of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826. Using DNA sequences of mitochondrial genes (cyto-chrome oxidase I and cytochrome b), we positively identify, for the first time, the female of S. (H.) flexuosa. The female is described, the male is redescribed, and both sexes are illustrated using a combination of line drawings, photographs and scanning electron microscopy images. It is argued from the morphology of the male terminalia that Sarcophaga flexuosa is the sister taxon of Sarcophaga basiseta Baranov, 1931, and the subgenus Hoa is redefined to include both of these spe-cies.
A new fairy shrimp, Branchinecta piurae sp. nov. (Branchiopoda: Anostraca), from Peru
Authors: ALONSO MIGUEL , COHEN ROSA GRACIELA , VENTURA MARC
Published: July 2022

South American species of Branchinecta that inhabit high altitude biotopes are so far represented by B. brushi and B. papillata. Here we describe a new species inhabiting these extreme habitats, B. piurae sp. nov., whose closest species is B. papillata. Differential characters of B. piurae are the lack, in males, of proximal and distal anteromedial bulges with spines at the second antenna basal antennomere which are conversely present in males of B. papillata; instead, the males of B. piurae have scattered, triangular spines over the anterior and medial surfaces at the distal half of the basal antennomere. In females of B. piurae, the dorsal surface of thoracic segments are provided with well-marked rough protuberances mainly on segments 3 to 10, features that are not observed in B. papillata. As far as is known, Branchinecta piurae sp. nov. is endemic to the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Andes, appearing at altitudes around 3,700–3,800 m a.s.l, and latitudes from 2°47’ to 5°04’ S. The results of the genetic analyses based both on mitochondrial and nuclear markers provide a clear support for the morphological description of B. piurae as a new species. We also provide genetic sequences of B. papillata, B. ferox from Spain and B. orientalis from Spain and Mongolia, and show that Palaearctic Branchinecta species are not directly related to B. piurae and B. papillata. In the phylogeny derived from COI, the last two species form a sister clade to the American Branchinecta clade, including several North American species, or in the 16S phylogeny, only B. papillata is at the base. Our results suggest a different history about the genus in America than previous hypotheses. New molecular studies are needed that include additional South American species in order to better explore the diversity and biogeographical patterns of the genus Branchinecta.
Two new species of Pyrocoelia Gorham (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Southwest China
Authors: ZHU CHENGQI , XU XIAODONG , ZHEN YING
Published: July 2022

Two new species of the genus Pyrocoelia Gorham, 1880, Pyrocoelia cenwanglaoensis sp. nov. and P. rubrothorax sp. nov. were described from Mt. Cenwanglaoshan of Guangxi, Southwest China. Pyrocoelia cenwanglaoensis is morphologically similar to P. pectoralis Olivier, 1883 and P. amplissima Olivier, 1886, while Pyrocoelia rubrothorax resembles P. praetexta Olivier, 1911 and P. sanguiniventer Olivier, 1911 respectively, but these species can be distinguished based on external morphological characters and male genitalia. The diagnostic features of the two new species are described and illustrated based on morphological features. Phylogenetic reconstruction using cox1 barcoding sequences confirms the two new species belong to genus Pyrocoelia. We further summarized the distribution of accepted Pyrocoelia species currently known in China.
Pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Xistra Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Metrodorinae)
Authors: ZHANG RONG-JIAO , DENG WEI-AN , LI JIE-JUAN , LIN LI-LIANG
Published: July 2022

The genus Xistra Bolívar is reviewed. Two new species from China, Xistra hainanensis Deng, sp. nov. and Xistra nigriabdominis Deng, sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Three new combinations are established: Xistra emeiensis (Zheng, 1998), comb. nov., Xistra guangxiensis (Zheng, 1998), comb. nov. and Xistra lochengensis (Zheng, 2005), comb. nov. Four new synonyms are established: Bannatettix ruiliensis Zheng, 1993 = Xistra klinnema Zheng & Zeng, 2011, syn. nov., Systolederus emeiensis Zheng, 1998 = Xistra yaanensis Zheng, 2009, syn. nov., Systolederus guangxiensis Zheng, 1998 = Xistra longzhouensis Zheng & Jiang, 1998, syn. nov., Mazarredia lochengensis Zheng, 2005 = Xistra oculata Li, Deng & Zheng, 2014, syn. nov. In addition, an updated key to all species of the genus Xistra is given.
A new species of Indotyphlus Taylor (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: GIRI VARAD , GOWER DAVID J. , WILKINSON MARK
Published: July 2022

A new species of Indian caeciliid caecilian, Indotyphlus maharashtraensis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), is described based on a series of 12 specimens from the northern Western Ghats of the State of Maharashtra. This species differs from the only other species in the genus, I. battersbyi, in having fewer primary annuli, many more primary annuli bearing secondary annular grooves, and in the presence of a modified subterminal region that has a depressed preanal strip extending anteriorly from around the vent. A key to the species of Indotyphlus is provided.
Influence of Entrainment on Centimeter-Scale Cloud Microphysics in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds Observed during CSET
Authors: La Inyeob , Yum Seong Soo , Yeom Jae Min , Shaw Raymond A.
Published: July 2022

Cloud microphysical relationships observed during the Cloud System Evolution in the Trades (CSET) campaign held between Northern California and Hawaii were analyzed to study the effects of entrainment and subsequent mixing of free-tropospheric and cloudy air on cloud microphysical properties of marine stratocumulus clouds. The data measured by Holographic Detector for Clouds (HOLODEC) were extensively used because they could provide the 3D positions and sizes of droplets within sample volume on the centimeter scale, making it possible to explore the 3D spatial distribution of droplets, which has not been possible for conventional cloud probes. This study focused on analyzing the 3D spatial distribution of droplets and visual traits of inhomogeneous mixing and on quantifying the relationship between 3D spatial distributions and traits of inhomogeneous mixing. Two types of spatial distributions are compared. The first is measured droplet spatial distribution and the second type is generated randomly distributed droplets using the Monte Carlo approach, that is, to analyze whether or not clustering is strong enough to classify as a clustered distribution for a hologram. The difference between the two types of spatial distributions depends on whether they are affected by entrainment and mixing. The holograms observed near the cloud top, where the effects of entrainment and mixing would be immediate, showed relatively high confidence in the significance test for spatially clustered populations of droplets. Moreover, spatially clustered holograms appeared to exhibit stronger visual traits of inhomogeneous mixing than perfectly randomly distributed holograms only when observed near the cloud top. On the other hand, these characteristics did not appear for holograms observed deeper into the cloud where the effects of entrainment and mixing would be reduced. Such 3D structural characteristics of droplet distributions seem to be consistent with vertical circulation mixing.
Diversity of MJO Initiation Regions and Processes
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Li Tim
Published: July 2022

The diversity of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) initiation (i.e., initial onset of active convection before moving eastward) regions was explored using a clustering method. Regions favorable for MJO initiations are grouped into four longitude zones: the Atlantic and Africa (AA), the Indian Ocean (IO), the Maritime Continent (MC), and the western Pacific (WP). The region-dependent dominant initiation mechanisms are explored using a composite procedure. The AA initiation is attributed to a circumnavigating process associated with a preceding MJO. As upper-tropospheric westerly anomalies move into the AA region, the associated descending motion leads to suppressed convection over the IO, which further triggers convection onset to its west through anomalous westward moisture advection. The IO initiation arises from the downstream forcing of a preceding suppressed phase of MJO. A delayed air–sea interaction process also plays a role. The MC initiation is triggered by a westward-propagating dry equatorial Rossby wave in the Pacific. The low-level poleward flows associated with the anticyclonic Rossby wave gyres advect high mean moisture, promoting the convection onset over the MC. The WP initiation is triggered by a preceding suppressed phase of MJO that moves eastward, in a way similar to the downstream scenario in the IO. The AA initiation is usually associated with a La Niña–like background sea surface temperature pattern, which favors the decoupling of upper-tropospheric westerly anomalies from the preceding MJO. The MC and WP initiations are more frequent during El Niño, as the relevant meridional moisture gradient is sharper and the eastern Pacific is moister.
Adaptive trajectory estimation with power limited steering model under perturbation compensation
Authors: Zhu Zhengjie , Li Weipeng , Yang Xiaogang , Lu Ruitao , Chen Lu , Liu Yunfeng
Published: July 2022

Trajectory estimation of maneuvering objects is applied in numerous tasks like navigation, path planning and visual tracking. Many previous works get impressive results in the strictly controlled condition with accurate prior statistics and dedicated dynamic model for certain object. But in challenging conditions without dedicated dynamic model and precise prior statistics, the performance of these methods significantly declines. To solve the problem, a stochastic nonlinear model called the power-limited steering model is proposed to describe the motion of non-cooperative object. It is a natural combination of instantaneous power and instantaneous angular velocity, relying on the nonlinearity to achieve the change of states. And the renormalization group is introduced to compensate the nonlinear effect of perturbation in our model. For robust and efficient trajectory estimation, an adaptive trajectory estimation (AdaTE) algorithm is proposed. By updating the statistics and truncation time online, it corrects the estimation error caused by biased prior statistics and observation drift, while reducing the computational complexity lower than O(n). The experiment of trajectory estimation demonstrates the convergence of AdaTE, and the better robust to the biased prior statistics and the observation drift compared with several typical estimation algorithms. Other experiments demonstrate through slight modification, our method can also be applied to local navigation in random obstacle environment, and trajectory optimization in visual tracking.
Explaining when older persons are perceived as a burden: A cross-national analysis of ageism
Authors: Hövermann Andreas , Messner Steven F
Published: July 2022

This study aims to shed further light on the emergence of ageist attitudes by introducing a theoretically grounded mechanism that helps explain why older persons appear as burdensome by segments of society. We introduce the concept of “marketized mentality” (MM), which depicts a strong personal commitment to the principal values associated with the market economy, to the research on ageism. The results of multilevel regression analyses with World Values Survey data ( N = 70,456 individuals in 59 nations) reveal that MM yields the hypothesized, positive relationship with our burden-focused indicator of ageism. Moreover, we observe that countries with high levels of MM—which might be conceptualized as “marketized anomic cultures”—exhibit particularly high levels of this form of ageism.
The Media and the Commemoration of Robert Mugabe’s Death through the Camera’s Lens
Authors: Tshuma Lungile Augustine , Sibanda Menelisi
Published: July 2022

This paper analyses the photographic representation of former Zimbabwean President, Robert Mugabe, with the aim of understanding memories that were produced following his death in September 2019. Mugabe was in power for 37 years before being dethroned through a military coup in November 2017. His rule divided opinion with some viewing him as a liberator and African icon, while some view him a dictator and tyrant for his role in disregarding human rights. This paper seeks to explore the role of photography in memory with particular interest being on commemorating contesting figure like Mugabe. We analysed photographs used by The Herald and NewsDay to commemorate Mugabe’s death. Photographs remain one of the under researched genres in communication, especially in the Global South, yet scholars have argued that contemporary societies have, through the use of photographs, turned their citizens into ‘image junkies’ and created ‘the most irresistible form of mental pollution’. The findings demonstrate that photographs are being used to give a ‘testimony’ about the contested legacy of Mugabe. Mugabe is framed as a liberator, Pan-African. On the contrary, he is seen as a tyrant and ruled by an iron fist.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus among blood donors in eastern Algeria
Authors: Boukhrissa Houda , Mechakra Saleh , Mahnane Abbes , Boussouf Nadir , Gasmi Abdelkader , Lacheheb Abdelmadjid
Published: July 2022

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is recognized worldwide as the leading cause of orofecal-transmitted hepatitis. However, blood transmission has been increasingly implicated in recent years raising health concerns. In Algeria, updated prevalence data are lacking. We aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in the sera of volunteer blood donors from the Setif region in eastern Algeria. A total of 434 Samples were analyzed for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Wantai). Logistic regression modelling was used to identify associated risk factors. The IgG seroprevalence rate was 17.05%. Seven sera (0.16%) were weakly positive for IgM. No HEV RNA was detected. The IgG prevalence was significantly correlated with increasing age (p < 1p.1000). Our data demonstrate a relatively high prevalence of anti-HEV IgG, indicating a possible risk of HEV blood transmission which requires vireamic seroprevalence studies to assess the real risk.
When worlds collide: Socio-political conflict in patient care
Authors: McKinney Robert E. , Bishop Thomas W.
Published: July 2022

The country as a whole has been on high alert since early 2020. That year began with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, then moved through the largest single day drop of the Dow Jones industrial average, the murders of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd and subsequent Black Lives Matter protests, murder hornets, the election of Joe Biden, alleged voter fraud, and then culminated on January 6, 2021, with the assault on the United States Capital Building. Societal issues including racism, discrimination, and distrust of leaders have been themes in the news and social media. It should come as no surprise that we may be called upon to provide treatment to patients with whom we have significantly different belief systems, which could result in conflict. The emotional rawness that pervades much of society lays emotions bare for many. Our ethical responsibilities as healthcare providers compel us to think about these complex relationships intentionally, and with compassion. In an interactive workshop conducted at the 42nd Forum for Behavioral Science in Family Medicine, participants were led through scenarios in which conflict could enter the exam room, discussion of the potential consequences, and consideration of ways to respond ethically in those situations. The discussions were couched in the codes of ethics of the American Psychological Association, the National Association of Social Workers, and the American Medical Association. The interactive session was designed to encourage participants to (1) consider potentialities of patient-provider conflict, (2) consider ethical, compassionate responses, and (3) be mindful of social media.
Reflections on statistical significance and practical importance in information systems research
Authors: Burton-Jones Andrew
Published: July 2022

This is an invited commentary on a paper by Sen et al. (forthcoming). I explain how their paper provides a useful reminder of the need to communicate the practical importance of statistical findings more effectively and more often. I also explain how their recommendations address just a small piece of the issue of practical importance. I describe how we must keep the whole issue in mind and I provide examples from my editorial role at MIS Quarterly.
Mayan Urbanism: Impact on a Tropical Karst Environment
Authors: Brenner Mark
Published: July 2022

Deevey et al.’s (1979) Mayan Urbanism: Impact on a Tropical Karst Environment combined paleo-demographic data from the Lowland Maya region, obtained from archaeological survey and test-pitting, with paleolimnological data derived from local lakes, to evaluate the environmental impacts of long-term, ancient Maya agro-engineering activities in the region. The interdisciplinary approach to studying human-environment interactions was novel at the time and paved the way for many subsequent hybrid Earth Science/Archaeology projects in the Maya area.
Trends in Post-Secondary Student Stress: A Pan-Canadian Study
Authors: Linden Brooke , Stuart Heather , Ecclestone Amy
Published: July 2022

Objective

Previous research has evaluated the sources of post-secondary student stress, but has failed to explore whether stressors fluctuate over time. The purpose of this research was to use the Post-Secondary Student Stressors Index to examine whether stressors changed significantly and meaningfully over the course of an academic year. Due to the timing of data collection, results also provide context around students’ experiences of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

Cross-sectional data was collected at 3 time points via online surveys over the course of the 2020–2021 academic year from >10,000 students. Participants attended 15 post-secondary institutions across Canada, representing 9 provinces and 1 territory. Validated instruments were used to assess levels of stress, distress and the severity of student-specific stressors. Kruskal–Wallis ranked tests and multiple pairwise comparison analyses were conducted to assess whether the mean severity of stressors changed over time. Standard effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d.

Results

Mean levels of stress and psychological distress were high at the start of the study and remained high across time points. A similarly high level of stress was observed on average for student-specific stressors. While significant differences in mean severity were observed over time for some stressors, standardized effect sizes were negligible, suggesting little meaningful change and consistent levels of chronic stress over the course of the academic year.

Conclusions

This is the first paper to examine trends in student-specific stress using a nationwide sample of Canadian post-secondary students during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patterns observed in student-specific stressors reflected changes likely to be indicative of the pandemic, including the most severe stress associated with academics, finances and concerns for the future. Implications for future research are discussed, in particular, the importance of examining stressors related to COVID-19 and their impact on student mental health.
Effect of carbon fibers crystallinity on the formation and growth of TiC coating in molten salt
Authors: Zhou Qiwen , Li Guanglong , Qu Yingdong , Su Ruiming , Zhou Shan , Xu Wendong , Gao Xuefeng , Yang Fei , Li Rongde
Published: July 2022

To improve the application of molten salt method in carbon fibers (CFs) surface modification, the work explores the effect of the CFs-itself crystallinity on the formation and growth mechanism of TiC coating in the molten salt reaction. Three different types of CFs were used to prepare TiC coatings at 850°C, and the formation and growth mechanisms were studied. The results showed that CFs surface defects could preferentially initiate nucleation and cause inhomogeneity of TiC particles in the initial stage of TiC coating formation. The CFs surface with high crystallinity could obtain a finer and more uniform TiC coating because the growth rate of TiC particles is slower and the particles do not accumulate with each other during the coating growth. At the same time, the growth rate of TiC coating decreased with increasing CFs crystallinity during the TiC coating growth, which reason is that CFs with higher crystallinity require more activation energies of carbon atom counter diffusion. Therefore, the surface of CFs with higher crystallinity and fewer surface defects is easier to obtain a uniform and particle size TiC coating during the molten salt reaction.
A Systematic Literature Review of Infrastructure Governance: Cross-sectoral Lessons for Transformative Governance Approaches
Authors: Clements Rebecca , Alizadeh Tooran , Kamruzzaman Liton , Searle Glen , Legacy Crystal
Published: July 2022

Infrastructure governance has emerged as a subject of critical interest in the current ‘infrastructure turn’ whereby fragmented governance approaches sit in tension with complex demands for infrastructure transformations within contexts of multiple intersecting crises. To understand the state of the literature and inform ongoing debates, a systematic review method is used to interrogate a large body of infrastructure governance literature across sectoral boundaries. This review identifies a range of literature gaps prevailing in the areas of infrastructure governance on unceded First Nations land, the societal end goals of infrastructure, and understandings and applications of integrated governance.
E-Cigarette and Cannabis Use Patterns, Depression, and Suicide Behaviors Among US Youth: Analysis of 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data
Authors: Jacobs Wura , Orozco Georgina , Villanueva Guadalupe , Merianos Ashley L
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To examine the associations of current electronic cigarette and cannabis use patterns with depression symptoms and suicidal ideation and behavior overall and stratified by sex among U.S. high school students.

Design

Quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Setting

The 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

Subjects

12,401 high school students in 9th−12th grade.

Measures

Dependent variables were depression symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide attempt-related injury. Independent variables were past 30 day e-cigarette and cannabis use patterns. Covariates included demographics, grade level, and other tobacco product use.

Analysis

Multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

Approximately 15.7% of students were exclusive e-cigarette users, 4.5% were exclusive cannabis users, and 16.4% were concurrent e-cigarette and cannabis users. Exclusive e-cigarette and cannabis users, and concurrent users were at increased odds ( P < .05) of having depression symptoms, seriously considered attempting suicide, planning suicide, suicide attempt, and having suicide attempt-related injury compared to non-users. Female users, especially concurrent users, had higher odds of reporting depression symptoms ( P < .01) and all suicidal ideation and behavior outcomes ( P < .01) than female non-users, but results varied for male students.

Conclusion

E-cigarette and cannabis use patterns significantly predicted depression symptomatology and suicidal ideation and behavior, with female students having higher odds. Results suggest the need for tailored interventions to address mental health and suicidality among U.S. adolescents, and especially female students.
Performance-maximum optimization of the intelligent lifting activities for a polar ship crane through trajectory planning
Authors: Li Siyu , Zou Yutang , Lai Xiaonan , Liu Zhijie , Wang Xiaobang
Published: July 2022

Knuckle boom crane (KBC) mounted on a polar ship (PS) is a maritime engineering equipment widely used in offshore activities. The working performance of a PS-mounted KBC (PSKBC) may degrade quickly if manipulated manually under extreme working conditions in polar region. To address the challenges, a performance-maximum optimization method through trajectory planning is developed to further promote the intelligently unmanned lifting processes of the PSKBC. Firstly, the dynamic model of lifting activities of the PSKBC is established using Lagrangian equation, based on which the point-to-point trajectory planning (PTP) method is developed for lifting processes. Subsequently, the PTP‐based optimization model is established to realize the minimum energy consumption and time cost of the lifting activities of the PSKBC, and the obtained optimal lifting performance is compared with the traditional S-curve method. To verify the superiority of the proposed performance-maximum optimization method, numerical simulations of the lifting activities of the PSKBC with respect to different crane loads and final lifting positions are performed. Results indicate that the PTP‐based performance-maximum optimization method for the PSKBC can perfectly achieve better performances with applicable lifting trajectories regarding various working conditions and demands.
A data-driven model-based shared control strategy considering drivers’ adaptive behavior in driver-automation interaction
Authors: Guo Wenfeng , Cao Haotian , Zhao Song , Li Mingjun , Yi Binlin , Song Xiaolin
Published: July 2022

Shared control scheme improves the driving performance while having an impact on driver behavior, drivers would constantly adapt their steering behavior mechanism in interaction with a shared controller. This paper proposes a novel data-driven model-based shared control strategy which is capable of considering drivers’ adaptive behaviors in driver-automation interaction to improve safety. The Koopman operator theory, which is a pure data-driven modeling technology, is adopted to yield an explicit control-oriented driver-vehicle model for shared controller design. Besides, a weighted online extended dynamic mode decomposition (WOEDMD) algorithm is proposed to update the Koopman driver model online for better capturing the driver’s adaptive behavior in driver-automation interaction, which settles the problem of driver’s potential behavior mechanism variations in practice. Based on the Koopman driver-vehicle model, a model-based shared controller is proposed in the model predictive control (MPC) framework, and the potential fields are incorporated in the optimization objectives to ensure safety. A group of human-in-the-loop experiments are conducted on a driving simulator to demonstrate the effectiveness of the modeling and shared control methods. The results show that the Koopman operator theory can be exploited for modeling the dynamics of the driver-vehicle integrated system, and the drivers’ adaptive behavior can be captured by the WOEDMD algorithm. Moreover, the shared controller considering the driver’s adaptive behavior improves the driving safety in the collision avoidance task.
Particle tracking-based in-situ computed tomography measurement technique for advanced analytics of adhesive bonds
Authors: Philipp Jens , Stammen Elisabeth , Dilger Klaus
Published: July 2022

In the application field of adhesive bonding technology, the use of in-situ computed tomography (CT) opens up possibilities for detecting processes inside bonds that were hidden thus far. The present paper presents a successfully applied in-situ CT measurement technique, which allows the high-resolution measurement of displacements on the surface as well as within adhesive layers. The focus of the work was on the analysis of bulk specimen, bonded single-lap joints as well as butt joints under a stepwise increased load. In the experimental investigations, the specimens were stressed with technical strains ε and shears from 0.5% up to 25% and the resulting adhesive behaviour was observed in the form of measured displacements. Thus, in the analysis of bulk specimens, relaxation effects on the microscopic scale could be measured and visualized. Using single-lap joints and butt joints, both the displacements measured on the side face of the bondline and the displacements resulting within the adhesive volume could be measured and visualized at the highest resolution. In additional investigations, further potentially promising application examples could be shown, such as the supporting use of the in-situ CT measurement methodology for the derivation of characteristic values for the failure of bonded joints.
The Role of TGF-β in Cognitive Decline Associated with Radiotherapy in Brain Tumor
Authors: Bindu G. S. Swarna , Thekkekkara Dithu , Narayanan T. Lakshmi , Narayanan Jiju , Chalasani Sri Harsha , Manjula S. N.
Published: July 2022

Cognitive decline is a late adverse event in brain tumor survivors. The patients receiving radiation treatment exhibit a wide range of damage and impairment in attention, memory, and executive function compared to the untreated group. After radiation treatment, various changes are observed in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, white matter, and vasculature. The major affected areas are the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Neurogenesis impairment is one of the primary mechanisms responsible for cognitive dysfunction. Various cytokines and growth factors are responsible for inducing apoptosis of neural cells, which results in impaired neurogenesis in response to radiotherapy. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is one of the key cytokines released in response to radiation. TGF-β plays a major role in neuronal apoptosis through various pathways such as the MAP kinase pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, and protein kinase pathway. In contrast, activation of the ALK5 pathway via TGF-β improves neurogenesis. So, the current review article focuses on the detailed effects of TGF-β on neuronal cells concerning radiation exposure. This in-depth knowledge will help researchers focus more on the TGF-β pathway and come up with new treatment schedules which will help reduce cognitive dysfunctions in brain tumor patients produced as a result of radiation therapy.
High-temperature superelasticity in NiTiPt and NiTiPd shape memory alloys
Authors: Massad Jordan E. , Buchheit Thomas E. , Susan Donald F. , Noebe Ronald D. , McElhanon James R.
Published: July 2022

Alloying NiTi shape memory alloys with sufficient Pt and Pd at the expense of Ni has been shown to increase transformation temperatures well above those possible with the binary composition, enabling consideration of a new class of high-temperature mechanical sensors and actuators. To achieve shape memory behavior at temperatures greater than 200 °C, previous studies of NiTiPt and NiTiPd compositions have focused primarily on alloys with greater than 16 at.% Pt and 25 at.% Pd. While generally not the focus, none of these previous studies demonstrated superelastic behavior at high temperatures. In an effort to identify alloys that transform to austenite at approximately 200 °C and exhibit superelastic behavior with recoverable strains greater than 2%, a series of Ti-rich NiTiPt ternary alloys with 15.5–16.5 at.% Pt, and Ti-rich NiTiPd ternary alloys with 25–26 at.% Pd have been targeted. The polycrystalline alloys were processed via arc melting followed by homogenization heat treatment. Thermomechanical properties were measured using electro-discharge machined tension test coupons and a miniature load frame equipped with a clamshell furnace. Ultimately, superelasticity in uniaxial tension with clear plateau regions was demonstrated and characterized in these alloys at temperatures between 219 °C and 270 °C.
The Business Case for Workforce Racial Diversity: Options- and Project-Based Human Resource Management in Large U.S. Law Firms
Authors: Roh Hyuntak , Sung Soohyun
Published: July 2022

This study is an attempt to elucidate the effects of workforce racial diversity on organizational performance by incorporating an important organization-level moderating condition—an organization’s use of human resource management (HRM) practices. Specifically, this study examines how options- and project-based HRM have influence on the racial diversity–performance relationship. Using the longitudinal data sets of 192 U.S. law firms spanning multiple years (2001–2008), we examined the interactive effects of workforce racial diversity and a set of HRM practices (use of nonstandard employees, lateral hiring, pay dispersion, and training/communication) on organizational performance (profitability). Our findings revealed that while an organization’s reliance on nonstandard employment, lateral hiring, and large pay dispersion has significant negative influence on the racial diversity–performance relationship, training/communication has no clear moderating impact. In sum, the results indicated that when organizations adopt more project-based HRM practices (high levels of nonstandard employment, lateral hiring, and pay dispersion) rather than options-based ones, the effect of workforce racial diversity is likely to become negative on organizations’ bottom-line performance.
Knowing the Competition: Gender, Qualifications, and Willingness to Run in Elections
Authors: Fox Richard , Pate Jennifer
Published: July 2022

In spite of significant gains in recent elections, women’s under-representation in U.S. politics remains an empirical fact. Scholars have identified the persistent gender gap in political ambition as a key component. Research to date has focused on explaining the gender gap in political ambition by identifying gender differences in factors such as self-assessed qualifications, recruitment experiences, risk aversion, and competitiveness. The conventional wisdom emerged that because of these gender differences, potential women candidates need more encouragement than men to overcome reservations about running for office. These propositions remain largely untested. Using an innovative experimental design that allows us to directly examine how individuals respond to information about candidate qualifications in real time, we make several substantive contributions to understanding the role of gender in the decision to run for office. First, we find that women are highly responsive to information about their qualifications to run for office, in some cases more so than their male counterparts. In doing so, we shine a spotlight on how men often ignore information about their own unsuitability to run for office. We also find that being presented with multiple chances to run for election has a positive, but limited effect on women’s political ambition.
Costs and Healthcare Resource Utilization Associated with Idarucizumab or Andexanet Alfa Oral Anticoagulant Reversal in Patients Hospitalized with Life-Threatening Bleeds
Authors: Spyropoulos Alex C. , Hartaigh Bríain Ó , Cao Zhun , Caberwal Harjeet , Lipkin Craig , Petrini Michaela , Wang Cheng
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To assess costs and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) associated with the use of idarucizumab for the reversal of dabigatran and andexanet alfa for the reversal of direct oral Factor Xa inhibitors. Methods: This retrospective study utilizing Premier Healthcare Database (PHD) included patients aged ≥18 years on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) who experienced life-threatening bleeds, discharged from the hospital during 5/1/2018–6/30/2019, and received idarucizumab or andexanet alfa. Inverse of treatment probability weighting (IPTW) method was used to balance patient and clinical characteristics between treatment cohorts. Results: Idarucizumab patients were older than andexanet alfa patients (median age 81 vs 77 years; p < 0.001), and less likely to experience intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (37.1%vs 73.8%; p  =  0.001). After IPTW adjustment, idarucizumab patients incurred lower mean total hospital costs ($30,413  ±  $33,028 vs $44,477  ±  $30,036; p < 0.001),and mean intensive care unit (ICU) cost ($25,114  ±  $30,433 vs $43,484  ±  $29,335; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Anticoagulant reversal therapy with idarucizumab was associated with significantly lower adjusted mean total hospital and ICU costs compared with andexanet alfa. However, a higher prevalence of ICH bleeds was noted in the andexanet alfa group. Trial Registration: Not applicable.
Review of novel and supplemental approvals of the targeted cancer drugs by the Food and Drug Administration in 2021
Authors: Kandemir Esin Aysel
Published: July 2022

Objective

This review aims to present the most recent results from clinical trials of targeted cancer drugs that led to the Food and Drug Administration approval in 2021 and reflect the changing treatment landscape of solid malignancies.

Data Sources

Novel approvals and supplemental approvals in 2021 were retrieved from the official web page of the Food and Drug Administration (Drugs@FDA). This review did not include approvals for generics, biosimilars, imaging, and diagnostics agents.

Data Summary

This review included 10 novel drugs approved for 11 indications and 10 already-approved drugs approved for 21 indications by the Food and Drug Administration in 2021. Novel approvals mainly were related to treating an orphan disease. In addition, one-third of the supplemental approvals were given for neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment, while the number of indications for each tumor site was as follows: gastrointestinal (7), genitourinary (5), skin (3), lung (2), breast (2), thyroid (1), and cervix (1).

Conclusions

Targeted cancer treatments are gaining more importance than ever in treating malignant diseases. As the approval of targeted cancer drugs provides a possibility for patients and this trend is expected to continue in the future, it remains vital for healthcare providers to stay up-to-date with newer therapeutic options.
Pulsed-wave Doppler for ultrasound-based tip location using bubble test: A pilot study
Authors: Gidaro Antonio , Casella Francesco , Cogliati Chiara , La Greca Antonio , Lugli Francesca , Trione Chiara , Calloni Maria , Melchionda Chiara , Samartin Federica , Salvi Emanuele , Ceriani Elisa
Published: July 2022

Background:

MicroBubbles Time test (MBT), consisting in the rapid infusion of saline with addition of air microbubbles, visualized by B-mode echocardiography, represents a potential alternative to Intracavitary ECG (IC-ECG) and chest X-ray for central venous catheters (CVCs) tip location. Even if promising, this technique lacks of standardization: a clear time cut-off between bubble infusion and their detection in heart’s right chambers hasn’t been yet established. At these regard, microbubbles could be also detected as microembolic signals (MES) with an alternative ultrasound technique: the pulse wave Doppler (PW).

Objective and methods:

The first aim of this pilot study is to establish agreement of MBT with PW test (MBT-PW) compared with reference standard IC-ECG and normal MBT for tip location on CVCs. Corrected tip’s position was established through reference standard IC-ECG, afterward MBT-PW was performed, with the sample volume placed at tricuspid valve to detect MES simultaneously with micro-bubbles injection in CVCs. The second aim was to evaluate inter-observer variability for MES detection and grading.

Results:

Eight patients were enrolled; we obtained three records for each patients (24 with MBT and 24 with MBT-PW, the two techniques were acquired simultaneously). Inter-methods agreement through reference standard IC-ECG versus MBT-PW and MBT versus MBT-PW methodic was satisfying (Cohen’s kappa value = 1). MBT-PW and MBT signals were recorded within the first heart beat after microbubble infusion in all patients. Mean time delay thorough MBT-PW and MBT was 0.76 ±0.07 and 0.78 ± 0.07 s respectively; Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.992 (95% CI: 0.981–0.996) suggesting excellent correlation. Inter-observer variability for positive MBT-PW evaluation was optimal (Cohen’s kappa value was 1), while indicated substantial agreement for MES grade evaluation (Fleiss’ Kappa value was 0.704; 95% CI: 0.328–1.000).

Conclusions:

Our study supports agreement between MBT-PW and reference standard IC-ECG for tip location. Satisfactory agreement was observed also for MBT-PW and MBT.
Children’s identity work in daily singing-based music classes: A case study of an Australian boys’ school
Authors: Goopy Jason
Published: July 2022

Music can be a powerful activity and resource in a child’s ongoing identity construction. Rather than something that people have, musical identities are understood to be something people enact and continually work on. The correlation between musical identities and developing music skills raises serious questions regarding the possibilities and responsibilities for school music education and music teachers to positively contribute to children’s emerging identities. This study investigates how daily singing-based music classes at an Australian boys’ school shape and support children’s identity work. Research was conducted using one-on-one semistructured interviews incorporating a “draw and tell” artifact elicitation technique with seven students in Year 3. All students were engaged in their fourth year of Kodály-inspired music education as part of the school curriculum. Findings indicate that singing, singing games, playing the recorder, writing activities, musician models, and thinking musically positively contributed to boys’ identity work. These daily school music practices provided a resource for their identity work; fostered a high value for learning in, about, and through music; developed musical proficiency; ignited interest in learning musical instruments; and facilitated the entanglement of children’s musical worlds. Boys’ future identity work was supported by assisting the construction of musical possible selves and encouraging the continuation of music learning. This case study exemplifies music as a process and resource for children’s ongoing identity construction, the contributions of school music education to identity development, and the potential of singing-based music education to positively shape and support children’s musical identity work.
Seismic performance of RC-ECC composite frame by eliminating shear reinforcement in beam-column joint: Shake table tests
Authors: Khan Fasih Ahmed , Khan Sajjad Wali , Khan Wajid
Published: July 2022

The inherent vulnerability of beam-column joints to seismic loading and steel congestion are two major research problems connected with beam-column joints of moment-resisting frames. The experimental study presented herein addresses these research questions and seeks to solve them by using Polyvinyl Alcohol based Engineered Cementitious Composite (PVA-ECC) in beam-column joints without transverse shear reinforcement. The study included the manufacture and shake table testing of two 1:3 reduced scale one bay two-story moment-resisting frame models using simulated earthquake motions. To evaluate the performance of ECC beam-column joints without shear reinforcement, two frame models, one with and the other without shear reinforcement in the beam-column joints, were prepared and tested. The acceleration time history record of the 1994 Northridge Earthquake USA was used for the excitation of specimens at different levels to produce progressive damage up to the near collapse state. The observed damage mechanism of tested models was recorded, and the response parameters, including floor displacement and acceleration, were measured. The measured data was processed to develop a lateral force-displacement envelope curve for the supposed prototype frames and calculate their seismic design factors (ductility, overstrength, and response modification). Comparison of the seismic performance parameters of the two prototype frames reveal that the ECC beam/column joint without shear ties performed marginally inferior to the ECC beam-column joints having shear ties but it still achieved a 75% larger R-factor compared with the code specified value.