bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geo-spatial hotspots of Tuberculosis in the global general population: a systematic review
Authors: Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Andrade Rubia Laine de Paula , Rosa Rander Junior , Tavares Reginaldo Bazon Vaz , Berra Thais Zamboni , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this systematic review is to identify tuberculosis hotspots among the general population globally. The review was conducted using the following steps: elaboration of the research question, search for relevant publications, selection of studies found, data extraction, analysis, and evidence synthesis. METHODS The guiding question was elaborated with the CoCoPop acronym (condition, context and population): where are the geo-spatial hotspots of tuberculosis (Co) in general population (Pop) in the global context (Co)? For bibliographic search, controlled and free vocabularies that address the question to be investigated was used. The searches were carried out in five scientific literature databases and on Google Scholar. RESULTS A total of 79 published articles between 1982 and 2022 which is a 40 years study period were evaluated. To answer these questions above, out of the 79 studies, China has the highest number of studies constituting 40% of all countries that have carried out geospatial analysis of TB followed by Brazil with 23%, Iran and Ethiopia both have 6% and others 2% and 1%. Various maps were used in the various studies and the most used is the thematic map (32%), rate map (26%), map of temporal tendency (20%), and others like the kernel density map (6%). The characteristics of the hotspots and the factors that affects hotspot’s location is evident through studies related to poor socioeconomic conditions constituting (39%), followed by high population density (17%), climate related clustering (15%), hotspots spread to neighboring cities (13%), unstable and non-random cluster (11%). CONCLUSION There exist specific hotspots for Tb which are areas that are related to low socioeconomic conditions and spectacular weather conditions, these areas when well-known will be easy targets for intervention by policy makers. We recommend that more studies making use of spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal analysis be carried to point out territories and populations that are vulnerable to TB.
PathGuard: Trustworthy Routing for Sustainable and Secure IoT-WSN Networks
Authors: KUMAR NEERAJ , Sharma Sanjeev
Published: June 2023

The fusion of Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has brought about a paradigm shift in the realm of IoT-WSN, enabling seamless real-time monitoring and control of remote systems through efficient data collection and transmission. However, the pressing challenge of limited energy resources in sensors demands ingenious strategies to optimize their longevity and harness their capabilities to the fullest extent. Additionally, guaranteeing secure data transmission is of utmost importance to safeguard sensitive information from potential cyber threats. This research proposes a novel approach to address these critical concerns, introducing a trust-based node behavior estimation method for identifying malicious nodes within the IoT-WSN. This technique enhances data transmission integrity, bolstering the reliability and security of the network. Additionally, an efficient routing scheme is presented that optimizes data transmission to the central station, minimizing delays and maximizing the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) to facilitate swift and effective communication. Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using key performance metrics such as Delay and PDR. Furthermore, the Future research in IoT-WSN can explore efficient resource allocation algorithms, advanced data analytics techniques, novel communication protocols, and the potential of emerging technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence.
Charcoal Production Systems from Smallholder Plantation implications on Carbon Emission and Sustainable Livelihood Benefits in North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tazebew Ewunetu , Sato Shinjiro , Addisu Solomon , Bekele Eshetu , Alemu Asmamaw , Belay Berhanu
Published: June 2023

Charcoal production from Eucalyptus camaldulensis small-scale plantations has considerable socioeconomic benefits and improves livelihoods in Ethiopia. Nonetheless, charcoal is produced using traditional earth mound kilns, resulting in poor efficiency, lower charcoal income, and pollution of the environment. This research evaluates the charcoal conversion efficiency, cost-benefit analysis, and emission of gases from improved charcoal-making kilns from Eucalyptus camaldulensis small-scale plantations compared to traditional earth mound kilns. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with a level of significance of t 0.05. The result of the study shows significant (P < 0.001) variation in charcoal conversion efficiency among the different tested kilns, with the order of green mad retort kiln (33.7%) > Casamance kiln (32.09%) > MRV steel kiln (28.25%) > traditional earth mound kilns (23.55%). Improved charcoal-making kilns increased the efficiency of wood-to-charcoal conversion by 20–43% compared to the traditional earth mound kilns. The financial profitability analysis revealed that Casamance improved kilns generate the highest equivalent annual charcoal income (117126.9 ETB year-1) followed by Green Mad Retort (82893.8 ETB year-1) and MRV steel kilns (58495.9 ETB year-1) respectively. As was expected, the lowest net present value was found from traditional earth mound kilns (47304.3 ETB year-1). The carbonization time of traditional earth mound kilns was significantly (P < 0.001) the longest, with 3.6 times in the Mark V kiln and 2 times in the Casamance kiln. Furthermore, statistical analysis shows that improved charcoal-making technology reduces the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) by 36.1–50.7%, carbon monoxide (CO) by 39.2–54.3%, and methane (CH4) by 29.6–47%. In general, a shift from traditional to cleaner, renewable, and environmentally friendly charcoal kilns is needed.
Can COVID Change Career Choice?: A survey of medical students
Authors: Chandra Shruti , Olaf Mark F. , Bord Sharon , Dixon William , Katirji Linda , Pasirstein Michael , Schrepel Caitlin , Scott Kevin R. , Fix Megan L.
Published: June 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to substantial changes in the delivery of healthcare and medical education. Little is known about how the pandemic has altered medical students' perceptions in regard to career choice.
Methods
The authors developed and implemented a multi-center survey that evaluated medical students' career choice before and during the coronavirus pandemic. The survey was distributed to all levels of medical students (MS) at nine medical schools across the country from November 2020 to January 2021. The study was deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board at the host institution, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, and all participating sites.
Results
1431 students completed the survey. The COVID pandemic was cited as a reason for a changed interest in specialty by 193 (13.5%) students. The most common reason for specialty change was the students’ clinical experience, followed by a desire to be on the front lines, and personal/family health concerns. There was a significant association between career change and degree of interest among students interested in emergency medicine (EM) as their future specialty before the COVID pandemic as well as during the COVID pandemic. Living with an immunocompromised individual had a significant association with a reduction of interest in EM. There was a significant association between EM rotation completion and how interested students were in EM as their future specialty before the COVID pandemic and during the COVID pandemic. Among EM interested students whose specialty interest was changed by the COVID pandemic, 34 (41.5%) became less favorable to EM, 28 (34.2%) stayed the same, and 20 (24.4%) students became more favorable to EM.
Conclusions
The impact of COVID-19 on medical students’ career choice is a complicated matter that involves both personal and professional factors. It appears that there is a trend towards less interest in the field of EM with multifactorial influences, some of which are related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Jasmonate signaling drives defense responses against Alternaria alternata in chrysanthemum
Authors: Zhang Shuhuan , Miao Weihao , Liu Ye , Jiang Jiafu , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi , Guan Zhiyong
Published: June 2023

Background Black spot disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria spp. is one of the most devastating diseases affectingChrysanthemum morifolium. There is currently no effective way to prevent chrysanthemum black spot. Results We revealed that pre-treatment of chrysanthemum leaves with the plant hormone jasmonate (JA) significantly reduces their susceptibility toAlternaria alternata. To understand how JA treatment induces resistance, we monitored the dynamics of metabolites and the transcriptome in leaves after JA treatment followingA. alternatainfection. JA signaling affected the resistance of plants to pathogens through cell wall modification, Ca2+regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and hormonal signaling processes, and the accumulation of anti-fungal and anti-oxidant metabolites. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with these functions was verified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and transgenic assays. Conclusion Our findings indicate that JA pre-treatment could be a potential orchestrator of a broad-spectrum defense response that may help establish an ecologically friendly pest control strategy and offer a promising way of priming plants to induce defense responses againstA. alternata.
Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty as Easily Overlooked but the Most Dreaded Complication: Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Qibo , Xiao Jianlin , Xu Shenghao , Zhang Dongjie , Zuo Jianlin , Shen Xianyue
Published: June 2023

Background:Total knee arthroplasty is an effective procedure for the treatment of severe knee osteoarthritis. However, periprosthetic joint infection is one of the serious complications after arthroplasty. Most of the periprosthetic joint infections are caused by bacteria, while fungal periprosthetic joint infection is rare, accounting for about 1% of the total number of periprosthetic joint infections. Currently, there is a lack of reliable systemic and topical antifungal drugs, and no international guidelines have yet defined a gold standard for the medical and surgical treatment of fungal periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty.Methods:In this paper, we report of a case of fungal periprosthetic joint infection healed with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention after total knee arthroplasty. At the same time, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar for fungal periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty between January 1980 and August 2022.Results:Forty-nine full-text articles and 62 finished cases were included for comparison with the present case. In all 63 included cases, 18 fungal pathogens were identified. Thirty-nine patients (62%) had other comorbidities or risk factors. For patient symptoms, pain (47/63) was the most common, followed by swelling (40/63) and localized skin warmth (12/63).Candida parapsilosiswas the most common fungal pathogen, with 22 positive cultures, followed byCandida albicanswith nine positive cultures. Forty-one patients were treated with two-stage revision arthroplasty or one-stage revision arthroplasty. The results showed that of 32 patients who underwent two-stage revision arthroplasty, 28 patients were successfully treated, three patients had controlled infections awaiting prosthetic reimplantation, and one patient had mild postoperative pain. Of nine patients who underwent one-stage revision arthroplasty, eight patients were successfully treated, and one had infection recurrence. Overall, two-stage revision arthroplasty could be considered the better choice.Conclusions:Fungal periprosthetic joint infection is a rare complication of total knee arthroplasty. It lacks specific clinical manifestations, but it can lead to severe debilitating symptoms and impaired patient function.Candidais the most common cause. A fungal culture is difficult yet critical. Two-stage revision arthroplasty is the most used surgical treatment, offering a higher chance of success, but it is still controversial.
Immediate and Delayed Effects of Environmental Temperature on Schizophrenia Admissions in Liuzhou, China, 2013–2020: A Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Zhou Qian , Huang Xiaolan , Su Li , Tang Xianyan , Qin Yanli , Huo Yuting , Zhou Chun , Lan Jun , Zhao Yue , Huang Zaifei , Huang Guoguang , Wei Yuhua
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to investigate the associations between environmental temperature and schizophrenia admissions in Liuzhou, China. A Poisson generalized linear model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze the effects of daily mean temperature on schizophrenia admissions from 2013 to 2020 in Liuzhou. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate possible modifications stratified by gender, marital status, and age. In this study, 10,420 schizophrenia admissions were included. The relative risks of schizophrenia admissions increased as the temperature rose, and the lag effects of high temperature on schizophrenia admissions were observed when the daily mean temperature reached 21.65℃. The largest single effect was observed at lag0, while the largest cumulative effect was observed at lag6. The single effects of high temperatures on schizophrenia admissions were statistically significant in both males and females, but the cumulative effects were statistically significant only in males, with the greatest effect at lag0–7. The single effect of high temperatures on admissions for unmarried schizophrenics was greatest at lag5, while the maximum cumulative effect for unmarried schizophrenia was observed at lag0–7. The single effects of high temperatures on schizophrenia admissions were observed in those aged 0–20, 21–40, and 41–60. The cumulative effects for schizophrenics aged 21–40 were observed from lag0–3 to lag0–7, with the maximum effect at lag0–7. In conclusion, the risk of schizophrenia admissions increased as the environmental temperature increased. The schizophrenics who were unmarried appeared to be more vulnerable to the single and cumulative effects of high temperature.
National and Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for 18F-FDG and CT in Jordanian PET/CT Scanning: Findings and Implications in Practice
Authors: Alhorani Qays , Alkhybari Essam , Rawashdeh Mohammad , Latiff Rukiah A. , Sabarudin Akmal , Al-Ibraheem Akram , Mohamad Mazlyfarina
Published: June 2023

Background
Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is a widely utilized hybrid imaging technique that combines functional and anatomical information. To ensure the safe and effective use of this imaging modality, Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) have been established as standardized benchmarks for assessing and managing radiation doses in clinical practice. Several studies have reported DRLs for different radiotracers and imaging modalities, including PET/CT. However, there is a need for country-specific DRL data that reflect national clinical practices. While existing literature provides insights into DRLs for PET/CT procedures in various settings, there is a lack of PET/CT DRLs specific to the Jordanian context. Given the variations in patient populations, equipment specifications, and clinical protocols, it is crucial to establish NDRLs and local DRLs (LDRLs) in Jordan. Therefore, the study aimed to derive the country-specific reference levels for fluoride-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT scans in Jordan.
Results
The survey revealed that Jordanian NDRL for administered activity (AA) (303 MBq) was within the acceptable range compared to the published-peer NDRL data (240 to 590 MBq). However, the 18F-FDG AA varied across the participated PET/CT centres. The reported LDRL CTDIvol and DLP of CT used for attenuation correction and anatomical localization (AC-AL) was 4.3 mGy and 459.3 mGy.cm for half-body (HB) CT scan range, and 4.05 mGy and 659.9 mGy.cm for whole-body (WB) CT scans. The reported LDRL for CTDIvol and DLP for HB CT was higher when compared with the United Kingdom (3.2 mGy and 310 mGy.cm). Meanwhile, it remained higher than both Kuwait (3.6 mGy and 659 mGy.cm) and Slovenia (3.6 mGy and 676 mGy.cm) for WB CT. The reported HB attenuation correction diagnostic CT(AC-DX) CT was higher than previously identified peer-reviewed NDRL data and lower than Slovenia for WB AC-DX CT acquisition protocols.
Conclusion
This study reported the first Jordanian NDRL for 18F-FDG and LDRL for HB and WB CT associated with 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. The data provides a valuable reference point for Jordanian PET/CT centres to compare their LDRL with the suggested DRLs. By utilizing this data, centres need to optimize CT radiation doses and tailor them to ensure appropriate image quality.
Novel nomogram based on routine blood and urine parameters for customized prediction in recurrence of primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: He Yi , Pan Chenxi , Zhang Yue , Yang Bo
Published: June 2023

Purpose
A prevalent condition with a high probability of recurrence, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) necessitates lifetime surveillance. In patients with pathologically confirmed NMIBC, our goal was to create a unique nomogram to predict recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).
Methods
Our institution's 91 NMIBC patients with complete follow-up data between January 2017 and February 2021 were included in the retrospective analysis. The nomogram predicting the 0.5, 1, 2 and 3-year likelihood of recurrence was created using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to find the significant determinants of recurrence. Using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analyses (DCA), we internally validated the nomogram.
Results
The significant factors related to NMIBC recurrence were age, blood platelet count, especially for the urine leukocyte count and mucus filament. The constructed nomogram performed well in the customized prediction of NMIBC recurrence at 6th, 12th, 24th and 36th month, of which the C-index was 0.724. The calibration curve and the ROC curve both validated the prediction accuracy. On DCA, the nomogram presented good net benefit gains across a wide range of threshold probabilities. Furthermore, the Nomogram-related risk score was used to divide the patient population into two groups with significant recurrence disparities.
Conclusion
For the prediction of NMIBC recurrence, our unique nomogram demonstrated a respectable degree of discriminative capacity, sufficient calibration, and considerable net benefit gain. There will be a need for additional internal and external validation.
Missing-value Imputation of Environment Sensors Using Multilayer Stacking with Scoring Method
Authors: Chun Hyeonu , Cho Jaehyuk
Published: June 2023

While analyzing environmental data, missing data reduce the predictive power of the model, and imputing missing data to the algorithm biases the parameter estimation, thereby increasing the uncertainty of the results. This study introduces a missing data handling model based on multilayer stacking by synthesizing the characteristics of missing data handling. The model utilizes an ensemble technique to integrate the advantages of existing models, and the final meta learner of the ensemble model is augmented with data fusion data using a Kalman filter for training data and add the features of sensor fusion for multiple identical characteristics to the model. In a situation that includes the types of missing data used in the study, the method of generating new learning data by collecting weights based on the scoring method and weighting the existing learning data has the effect of matching the measurement environment. The performance of the model improved by 20% compared with existing models utilized as nodes in an environment where normal values and various types of defects were combined. In addition, the performance improved by 30% compared with the multiple imputation by chain equations (MICE) and the single center imputation from multiple chained equations (SICE) models, which are commonly used in other sensor data with defects within a sensor group, and stable results were obtained. This shows that the proposed model reduces the cost of determining the model for various errors that may occur in environmental sensors, and, by checking how sensitive the model is to different patterns of missing data, it can be applied in various environments and improved using advanced node models in the future.
Uptake and availability of new outpatient cancer medicines in 2010-2021 in Nordic countries – Survey for competent authorities
Authors: Sarnola Kati , Koskinen Hanna , Klintrup Katariina , Astrup Cecilie , Kurko Terhi
Published: June 2023

Background: Nordic countries excel in cancer care, but studies on uptake, costs, or managed entry agreements of cancer medicines have not been conducted in Nordiccountries recently. The aim of this study was to examine the uptake and availability of orally administered new cancer medicines in Nordic countries. Firstly, we studied the distribution, costs and adoption of managed entry agreements of cancer medicines in general, and secondly, uptake of, and adopted managed entry agreements for orally administered cancer medicines, used in the outpatient care, that were granted marketing authorization in Europe in 2010–2021.
Methods: E-mail survey for competent authorities in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden in April-June 2022. The data were analysed using frequencies and percentages for descriptive analysis.
Results: The distribution of cancer medicines is somewhat uniform in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, where cancer medicines can be distributed both via hospitals or hospital pharmacies for inpatient use, and via community pharmacies for outpatient use. In Denmark, cancer medicines are predominantly distributed via publicly funded hospitals. In all countries that provided data on the costs, the costs of cancer medicines had notably gone up from 2010 to 2021. The number of reimbursable medicines out of new cancer medicines varied from country to another, but the majority of medicines were reimbursed in most Nordic countries. Managed entry agreements, often with confidential discounts, were in use in all Nordic countries, but the number of agreements and the cancer types, for which agreements were most often made, varied. Average days from authorization to reimbursement of new cancer medicines also varied from an average of 416 to 895 days.
Conclusions: Nordic countries share similar characteristics but also differ in terms of the details in distribution, adopted managed entry agreements, market entry, and availability of new cancer medicines used in the outpatient care. The costs of cancer medicines have increased in all Nordic countries during the last decade. Due to differences in health care and because orally administered cancer medicines can be dispensed at community and hospital pharmacies, the number of reimbursable medicines and managed entry agreements vary between countries. However, Nordic countries mainly seem to agree in entry and reimbursement decisions of novel cancer medicines.
Comparison of the Visual Performances of Diffractive EDOF Lenses, Bifocal Intraocular Lenses with a 3.5 D Addition and Their Combination
Authors: Zhou Xiyue , Fan Fan , Yang Tianke , Yang Jianing , Liu Xin , Luo Yi
Published: June 2023

Background: To compare the visual performances of diffractive extended depth of focus (EDOF) lenses, diffractive bifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and their combination.
Methods: This was a prospective, consecutive observational comparative study. Thirty patients (60 eyes) were included in the binocular Diff-aAY group and received bilateral implantation of diffractive bifocal IOLs (Human Optics Diff-aAY). Twenty-nine patients (58 eyes) in the binocular Symfony group received EDOF lenses (Tecnis Symfony ZXR00). The mix-and-match group included 27 patients who received a Symfony IOL in one eye and Diff-aAY IOL in the other eye. Follow-ups were scheduled at 1 day, 3 days, 2 weeks and 6 months. Visual acuities at different distances were examined at every follow-up. At 6 months, defocus curves, optic path difference (OPD) scans, and questionnaire answers were evaluated.
Results: There was no significant difference in binocular UIVA, UNVA, or CDVA among the three groups (P=0.079, 0.147 and 0.696, respectively). The mix-and-match group had a superior SR (P=0.027) and MTF (P<0.001) and an inferior RMS (P<0.001). The binocular Symfony and mix-and-match groupsdemonstrated a smoother defocus curve. The three groups reported the same level of postoperative satisfaction (P=0.141) and spectacle independence (P=0.278). Overall, 70.37% of the mix-and-match group had complete spectacle independence, which was higher than that in the other two study groups.
Conclusions: Symfony and Diff-aAY both proved to be remarkable regarding distance, intermediate and near vision. The combination of these two IOLs achieved better objective visual quality and spectacle independence but more subjective dysphotopsia, This provides a new and effective option for patients with high visual quality needs.
Analysis of the properties of 0.2C-4Al-1.2Mn TRIP-assisted Steel subjected to Mo micro-alloy and isothermal bainitic transformation (IBT) time
Authors: Gholambargani Mahsa , Palizdar Yahya , khanlarkhani Ali , najafi soroush
Published: June 2023

In this investigation, the results of the experiment in which two samples of TRIP-assisted steel were micro-alloyed with 0.05 and 0.30 wt.% Mo addition in combination with isothermal bainitic transformation (IBT) time parameters was analyzed and evaluated. Microstructures were studied using optical microscope (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the retained austenite (RA) phase volume percentage was calculated. The studied steels had a multi-phased structure including δ-ferrite as the matrix phase and α-ferrite, bainite, and RA along with some martensite. The quantity of RA and its morphology in the microstructure of the samples are key factors in achieving desirable combinations of mechanical characteristics (high strength and acceptable ductility).
Yield stresses of 400-440 MPa, tensile strengths of 790-870 MPa, and elongations to failure of 24-34% were observed in TRIP-assisted steels containing 0.05 and 0.30 wt.% Mo-alloy. It was determined that the best UTS×TE was (850MPa×32%) 27200 MPa.%, with 0.30 wt.% Mo addition and IBT temperature and time of 450 ℃ and 10 minutes.
Development of a methodology for material removal factor (fab) repeatability improvement in a single scratch test
Authors: Borges Elsio Junior Bonati , Teles Vinícius Carvalho , Júnior Washington. Martins Silva , Silva Leonardo Rosa Ribeiro , Arencibia Rosenda Valdés
Published: June 2023

Scratch testing quantifies single-point abrasion resistance, but precise material removal factor (fab) values remain challenging. This study proposes a robust methodology for improving fab repeatability. Thorough investigation identified factors contributing to low repeatability. Standardized protocols for sample preparation, testing, and area measurement were developed. Using the GUM method, measurement uncertainty was determined. Fab evaluation on a grade 0 gauge block showed excellent repeatability. The worst-case standard deviation was 8% with a Rockwell C indenter and 12% with a Vickers indenter, primarily due to material pile-up and chip formation. Topographic inhomogeneity significantly affected fab variability. These findings emphasize the importance of accurate and repeatable fab values for enhanced abrasion modeling and material characterization.
Inhibition of Aquaporin-4 and its sub-cellular localization attenuates below-level central neuropathic pain via regulating astrocyte activation in a rat spinal cord injury model
Authors: Song Yu , Xue Tao , Guo Shiwu , Yu Zhen , Yun Chengming , Zhao Jie , Song Zhiwen , liu zhiyuan
Published: June 2023

The mechanisms of central neuropathic pain (CNP) caused by spinal cord injury have not been sufficiently studied. We have found that the up-regulation of astrocytic Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) aggravated peripheral neuropathic pain after spinal nerve ligation in rats. Using a T13 spinal cord hemisection model, we showed that spinal AQP4 was markedly up-regulated after SCI and mainly expressed in astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Inhibition of AQP4 with TGN020 suppressed astrocytes activation, attenuated the development and maintenance of below-level CNP and promoted motor function recovery in vivo. In primary astrocyte cultures, TGN020 also changed cell morphology, diminished cell proliferation and suppressed astrocyte activation. Moreover, T13 spinal cord hemisection induced cell-surface abundance of AQP4 channel and the perivascular localization in the SDH. Targeted inhibition of AQP4 sub-cellular localization with trifluoperazine effectively diminished astrocytes activation in vitro and further ablated astrocytes activation, attenuated the development and maintenance of below-level CNP, and accelerated functional recovery in vivo. Together, these results provide mechanistic insights into the roles of AQP4 in the development and maintenance of below-level CNP. Intervening with AQP4, including targeting AQP4 subcellular localization, might emerges as a promising agent to prevent chronic CNP after SCI.
Assessing Sustainability of Chiang Mai Urban Development
Authors: Pongruengkiat Wiwat , Tippayawong Korrakot Y. , Aggarangsi Pruk , Pichayapan Preda , Katongtung Tossapon , Tippayawong Nakorn
Published: June 2023

Sustainable urban development is an increasingly important concept as cities around the world continue to grow and face challenges related to urbanization, including environmental degradation, social inequality, and economic instability. Chiang Mai is a rapidly growing city in Thailand that steers towards sustainability. In this work, we examine the state of sustainable urban development in Chiang Mai by analyzing various indicators, including transportation, waste management, air quality, and energy consumption. A multi-dimensional framework was used to assess the sustainability of Chiang Mai. Our analysis suggests that while Chiang Mai has made progress in some areas of sustainable urban development, such as promoting green transportation and waste reduction and reduction consumption, there are still many challenges to be addressed, particularly in air pollution, water management, transportation and energy consumption. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for policy makers, urban planners, and other stakeholders interested in promoting sustainable urban development. This study assesses Chiang Mai's sustainability using a comprehensive set of 35 indicators. It was found that Chiang Mai has potential for sustainable development, but some indicators require improvement. The study presents guidelines for prioritizing sustainable development, improving air and water quality, promoting sustainable tourism, enhancing waste management, transportation management and energy consumption. This research provides alternative framework for evaluating cities and presents a valuable contribution to the field of sustainable urban development.
Genome-wide identification and analysis of HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase gene family in Saccharina japonica and a comparative analysis with five other algae
Authors: Huang Xiang , Liu Yi , Wu Yukun , Song Guiwen , Zhang Di , Liu Fuli
Published: June 2023

Homologous to E6-associated protein Carboxyl Terminus (HECT) is one important family of E3 ubiquitin ligase superfamily involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This gene family plays widely roles in the regulation of growth, development and signaling pathways in different organisms, as a specific key molecule in ubiquitin signal transduction. Large number of studies have focused on the identification and characterization of HECT E3 ligase in plants and animals, but studies in Ochrophyta, a phylogenetic lineage that is distantly related to terrestrial plants and animals, are very scarce. This study comprehensively analyzed the HECT E3 ligase gene family in algae Saccharina japonica with significant economic and ecological value. Eighteen HECT E3 ligase members were identified in S. japonica genome, and the physicochemical parameters, phylogenetic relationships, structural mechanisms, functional annotations, and gene expression of these E3 ligases were analyzed and characterized. Additionally, the HECT E3 genes were also identified from other five algae genomes. A total of 90 HECT E3 from the six algae species were used to elucidate the evolutionary relatedness of the HECT gene family in algae. The resulted phylogenetic tree revealed that the HECT family was mainly divided into six branches. Protein structure analysis revealed the conservation of the HECT domain in the entire gene family, showing the substrate binding and structure-function relationships. A large number of regulatory elements involved in stress, hormone regulation, light response, growth and development were identified in the promoter region of SjHECT E3 genes. Expression analysis indicated that members in different SjHECT gene subfamilies might play specific roles in the growth and heat stress response of S. japonica. Overall, the identification and analysis of the HECT E3 gene family in S. japonica laid the foundation for further study on the function and regulatory pathways of HECT in Ochrophyta species.
Right ventricular structural and functional adaptation to regular, intense exercise in the young: a 3D echocardiographic study in adolescent athletes
Authors: Ujvári Adrienn , Fábián Alexandra , Lakatos Bálint Károly , Tokodi Márton , Ladányi Zsuzsanna , Sydó Nóra , Csulak Emese , Vágó Hajnalka , Juhász Vencel , Grebur Kinga , Szűcs Andrea , Zámodics Márk , Babity Máté , Kiss Orsolya , Merkely Béla , Kovács Attila
Published: June 2023

Background
Data are scarce concerning the exercise-induced structural and functional adaptations in adolescent athletes, especially concerning the right ventricle (RV). We aimed to characterize the RV contraction pattern and its associations with exercise capacity in a large cohort of adolescent athletes using 3D (three dimensional) echocardiography.
Results
We enrolled 215 adolescent athletes (16±1 years, 169 males, 12±6 hours of training/week) and compared them to 38 age- and sex-matched healthy, sedentary children. 3D echocardiographic datasets were acquired. We measured the biventricular end-diastolic volume indices (EDVi) and ejection fractions (EF) along with left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMi) using dedicated software. We also determined the relative contributions of longitudinal EF (LEF/RVEF) and radial EF (REF/RVEF) to the RVEF. Same-day cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed to calculate VO2/kg. LV and RV volumes and LV mass were higher in athletes compared to controls (athletes vs. controls; LV EDVi: 80±13 vs 64±10, RV EDVi: 81±14 vs 68±10 ml/m2, LVMi: 84±14 vs 68±13 g/m2, p<0.01). Notably, both LV and RVEFs were significantly lower (LVEF: 57±4 vs 61±3, RVEF: 55±5 vs 60±5%, p<0.001). Interestingly, while the relative contribution of radial shortening to the global RV EF was also reduced (REF/RVEF: 0.40±0.10 vs 0.49±0.06, p<0.001), the contribution of the longitudinal contraction was significantly higher in athletes (LEF/RVEF: 0.45±0.08 vs 0.40±0.07, p<0.01). The supernormal longitudinal shortening correlated with a higher VO2/kg (r= 0.138, P = 0.044).
Conclusions
Similarly to the adult athlete’s heart, the cardiac adaptation of adolescent athletes comprises higher biventricular volumes and lower resting functional measures with supernormal RV longitudinal shortening. Our study suggests that characteristic exercise-induced structural and functional cardiac changes are already present in childhood.
Identification of two novel large deletions in FBN1 gene by next-generation sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification
Authors: Lu Xinxin , Wang Ren , Li Mingjie , Zhang Biao , Rao Huiying , Huang Xiaoli , Chen Xijun , Wu Yan’an
Published: June 2023

Background
Mutations in fibrillin 1 (FBN1) are known to be associated with Marfan syndrome (MFS), an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder. Most FBN1 mutations are missense or nonsense mutations. Conventional molecular genetic testing of FBN1 using techniques such as Sanger sequencing may miss disease-causing mutations in promoter regions or other noncoding sequences as well as partial or complete gene deletions and duplications.
Methods
Two MFS patients referred for genetic testing were recruited and underwent next-generation sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and gap PCR to identify the causative mutation.
Results
We identified two large genomic deletions in FBN1 from two MFS patients. One patient had a 0.23 Mb deletion spanning FBN1 exons 1–6 and the neighboring upstream gene CEP152. The other patient harbored a 1,416 bp deletion of FBN1 exon 66.
Conclusion
Our report expanded the number of large FBN1 deletions and highlighted the importance of screening for large deletions in FBN1 in clinical genetic testing,especially for those with classic Marfan phenotype.
Factors that influence mental health of university lecturers
Authors: Afridah Wiwik , Fitriyah Fifi Khoirul , Lestari Yanesti Nuravianda , Amin Nur , Wikurendra Edza Aria
Published: June 2023

Background
Mental health is one of the most important issues in education, as it directly contributes to the development and academic success of students. This study analyzes the factors that influence the mental health of university lecturers.
Methods
Descriptive correlational research using the positive mental health scale questionnaire (PMH-Scale), physical activity scale (IPAQ) and religiosity and spirituality scale (RSYS) on 92 respondents. The results were analyzed by correlation test using Chi-Square then Binary Logistic Regression test.
Results
Physical activity level, spirituality level, education level, teaching duration, and certification status were significantly related to the mental health condition of university lecturers. The most influential determinants of university lecturers mental health were spirituality level (P = .002), education level (P = .004), and certification status (P = .019).
Conclusion
The higher the level of education and accompanied by the possession of teaching certifications, the university lecturers will have increased welfare. This will significantly affect the mental health condition of university lecturers. In addition, the higher the level of spirituality of university lecturers will make the mind and heart calmer which in turn will have an impact on the stability of the mental health condition of university lecturers.
SPIRIT – Assessing clinical parameters associated with using IDegLira in patients with Type 2 Diabetes in a real-world setting in Colombia: a single arm, retrospective, chart review study
Authors: Ramírez Alex , Carrillo Diana Henao , Omeara Miguel , Oliveros Julio , Assaf José , Ordóñez Jaime , Prasad Preethy , Alzate María Alejandra
Published: June 2023

Aim.
Insulin degludec/liragultide (IDegLira) is a fixed-ratio co-formulation of insulin degludec (a basal insulin) and liraglutide (GLP-1RA). This study aimed to investigate clinical outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after initiating IDegLira treatment in a real-world setting in Colombia.
Methods.
SPIRIT is a non-interventional, single-arm, retrospective chart review study to assess clinical outcomes in people with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). These patients were switched from basal insulin (with or without oral antidiabetics (OADs)) and initiated treatment with IDegLira a minimum of 26 ± 6 weeks before the data collection start date. We collected data from the medical records of 175 patients in 10 clinical centers across Colombia.
Results.
Compared with baseline, there was a significant reduction in HbA1c by 1.3% (95% [-CI] 1.6, -1.0) (p < 0.0001) after 26 ± 6 weeks of follow-up. The mean HbA1c at baseline was 9.1%, and the mean at the end of the study was 7.8%. In addition, IDegLira significantly reduced the absolute body weight by 1kg (95% [IC] -1.5, -0.5) (p-value < 0.0001), from a mean of 76.1kg at baseline to 75.1kg after follow-up. The mean IDegLira dose at the end of the study was 21.3 U, and no severe hypoglycemic events were observed during the follow-up period.
Conclusion.
In real-world practice, initiating IDegLira in T2D patients previously treated with basal insulin (± OAD) was associated with improved glycemic control, reduced body weight, and reduced risk of hypoglycemia.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov
#NCT05324462
First posted: April 12, 2022
Last update posted: November 9, 2022
Self-control and bed procrastination as mediators between mindfulness and sleep quality among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ling Yi , Gao Bin , Jiang Bo , Zhu Suijing , Jiang Yiyao
Published: June 2023

Background
In recent years, sleep problems among college students have become increasingly prominent, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their sleep quality has deteriorated dramatically, severely affecting their physical and mental health. Numerous research studies have investigated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality; however, it is still unclear what psychological process underlies this relationship. In the current study, college students' bed procrastination and self-control as mediating factors in the association between mindfulness and sleep quality were investigated.
Methods
Using the convenience sampling method, 763 Chinese college students (mean age = 19.48 years, SD = 2.06) were recruited to complete self-reported questionnaires that included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Self-Control Scale, Bed Procrastination Scale, and Sleep Quality Scale. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 software.
Results
Results showed that (a) mindfulness was positively associated with sleep quality; (b) both self-control and bed procrastination mediated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality, and (c) self-control and bed procrastination sequentially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality.
Conclusion
The results demonstrate how mindfulness internally affects sleep quality and provide a set of useful recommendations for strategies and interventions that could help students improve their sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, targeting both professionals and the general public.
Significantly Improved Cryopreservation of Rat Hind Limb Vascularized Composite Allografts Using the New PrC-210 Free Radical Scavenger
Authors: Fahl William E. , Nkana Zeeda H. , Gitter Maya M. , Zeng Weifeng , Dingle Aaron M.
Published: June 2023

Background
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) represents a promising reconstructive solution primarily conducted to improve quality of life. However, tissue damage caused by cold-ischemia (CI) storage prior to transplant represents a major factor limiting widespread application. This study investigates the addition of the novel free radical scavenger PrC-210 to UW Organ Preservation Solution (UW Solution) to supress CI-induced skeletal muscle injury in a rat hind limb amputation model.
Methods
Lewis rats received systemic perfusion of UW solution +/- PrC-210 (0mM control, 10mM, 20mM, 30mM, or 40mM), followed by bilateral transfemoral amputation. Limbs were stored in 40mL of the same perfusate at 4°C for 48 hours. Muscle punch biopsies were taken at set times over the 48 hour cold-storage period and analyzed for caspase-3,7 activity, cytochrome C levels, and qualitative histology.
Results
A single 15 second perfusion of PrC-210-containing UW Solution conferred a dose-dependent reduction of CI-induced muscle cell death over 48 hr. In the presence of PrC-210, muscle cell mitochondrial Cytochrome C release was equivalent to 0 hr controls, with profound reductions in the Caspase 3,7 apoptotic marker that correlated with limb histology. PrC-210 conferred complete prevention of ROS-induced mitochondrial lysis in vitro, as measured by Cytochrome C release.
Conclusion
The addition of 30mM PrC210 to UW Solution conffered the most consistent reduction in CI limb damage, and it warrants further investigation for clinical application in the VCA setting.
Molecular Docking MPB83 Protein on β2, β3, and α5β1 Integrins: Pathogenesis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Humans
Authors: Rahmani Salsabila , Rachmania Sheilla , Mufida Diana Chusna
Published: June 2023

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Two MTBC species that causes infection in human are Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease with 2.55 times higher mortality rate compared to tuberculosis due to M. tuberculosis. Mycobacterium infect humans through the bonding between adhesin molecules on the bacteria surface and fibronectin receptors on the human body such as β2, β3, and α5β1 integrins. β2, β3, and α5β1 integrins are responsible for migrating bacterial activity and strengthening cell adhesion. MPB83 is a bacterial surface protein expressed more by M. bovis than by M. tuberculosis. This study aims to examine the binding of MPB83 protein to β2, β3, and α5β1 integrins as potential pathogenesis of bTB in humans by molecular docking method. Molecular docking was carried out using ClusPro to determine the interaction between the MPB83 protein and β2, β3, and α5β1 integrins based on binding energy and binding interaction model. The results showed that in silico, bonds occur between MPB83 protein and β2, β3, and α5β1 integrins which can potential for the pathogenesis of bTB in humans.