bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate Full Denture Untuk Perbaikan Estetik dengan Alveolektomi Radikal Pada Rahang Bawah
Authors: Ariestania Vivin
Published: August 2018

Immediate Denture dapat diberikan kepada penderita yang akan mengalami pencabutan satu gigi atau beberapa gigi anterior, atau bahkan disertai adanya eksostosis. Penderita yang karena sesuatu hal terpaksa gigi anteriornya dicabut, akan mengalami gangguan estetik dan psikologik. Maka immediate denture bertujuan agar penderita tidak mengalami ompong akibat pencabutan gigi dan penderita dapat langsung menggunakan gigi tiruan tersebut segera tanpa menunggu proses penyembuhan. Persiapan pembuatan gigi tiruan lengkap seperti biasa dengan meradir (memotong) gigi-gigi pada model kerja yang akan direncanakan dicabut dan segera diinsersikan setelah gigi-gigi tersebut dicabut dan dilakukan alveolektomy. Kontrol 3 hari, 7 hari, 4 minggu, dan 8 minggu pasca insersi untuk melihat proses resorbsi dari pasca pencabutan agar dapat dilakukan relining dan rebasing pada gigi tiruannya. Kontrol 7 hari proses penyembuhan sudah terlihat membaik dan retensi gigi tiruan masih baik. Pada kontrol 4 minggu setelah insersi, gigi tiruan mulai goyang dan dilakukan proses relining dan rebasing menggunakan soft liner. Pada kontrol 8 minggu sesudah insersi proses penyembuhan sudah sempurna, dan gigi tiruan lengkap harus dilakukan relining dan rebasing kembali menggunakan self cure acrylic. Kesimpulan, pembuatan gigi tiruan immediate dapat dilakukan bila penderita menginginkan pemakaian gigi tiruan lengkap dalam waktu cepat dan penderita tidak ingin kehilangan gigi anteriornya dalam waktu lama sehingga merusak estetik
Kandidiasis Akut Eritematous Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hermawan Panky , Nafi'ah N , Setyaningtyas Dwi , Raditya Desiana
Published: August 2018

Latar Belakang: Oral Candidiasis adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh jamur Candida albican. Infeksi candida dapat terjadi pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus (DM) karena kadar gula yang tinggi pada cairan rongga mulut dan penurunan imunitas penderita. Tujuan: Membahas kasus dan penatalaksanaan acute erythematous candidiasis pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Kasus: Pasien laki-laki usia 68 tahun datang ke poli gigi dan mulut RSAL dr. Ramelan Surabaya dengan keluhan lidah bagian dorsal lateral kiri terasa perih, panas dan sakit ketika makan dan minum. Rasa perih dirasakan sejak sekitar 8 bulan yang lalu setelah pasien mengalami stroke. Pasien mempunyai riwayat diabetes militus dan hipertensi tidak terkontrol. Tiga bulan kemudian pasien merasakan sakit pada lidahnya semakin parah disertai rasa panas dan nyeri. Pasien memeriksakan sakitnya dan diberi obat Nystatin drop dan sefadroxil. Selama 2 bulan pertama pemakaian nystatin lidah menjadi bersih tetapi masih ada rasa perih dan panas pada lidah, dan tidak lama kemudian lidah kembali kotor.Terapi kasus: Pemeriksaan penunjang pada kasus meliputi pemeriksaan patologi anatomi dengan oral srab pada lesi, pemeriksaan darah lengkap, dan pemeriksaan gula darah.Hasil pemeriksaan yaitu positif hifa, pemeriksaan darah lengkap normal dan gula darah 324mg/dl. Pasien didiagnosa kandidiasis akut eritematous dan diterapi dengan antijamur sistemik, obat kumur dan antiseptic topical untuk kasus rongga mulut dan dirujuk ke spesialis penyakit dalam untuk control gula darah. Pasien dinyatakan sembuh setelah 36 hari perawatan. Simpulan: Mengetahui faktor predisposisi pada kasus ini (DM)sangat penting dalam penatalaksanaan terapi Kandidiasis akut eritematous. Penderita diabetes mellitus harus rutin mengontrol kadar glukosa darah, menjaga kebersihan rongga mulut dan tidak memperparah dengan menambah faktor predisposisi lain.
Control-Value Appraisals, Enjoyment, and Boredom in Mathematics: A Longitudinal Latent Interaction Analysis
Authors: Putwain David W. , Pekrun Reinhard , Nicholson Laura J. , Symes Wendy , Becker Sandra , Marsh Herbert W.
Published: August 2018

Based on the control-value theory of achievement emotions, this longitudinal study examined students’ control-value appraisals as antecedents of their enjoyment and boredom in mathematics. Self-report data for appraisals and emotions were collected from 579 students in their final year of primary schooling over three waves. Data were analyzed using latent interaction structural equation modeling. Control-value appraisals predicted emotions interactively depending on which specific subjective value was paired with perceived control. Achievement value amplified the positive relation between perceived control and enjoyment, and intrinsic value reduced the negative relation between perceived control and boredom. These longitudinal findings demonstrate that control and value appraisals, and their interaction, are critically important for the development of students’ enjoyment and boredom over time.
Toward a Theory of Engineering Professorial Intentions: The Role of Research Group Experiences
Authors: Burt Brian A.
Published: August 2018

This article advances the Theoretical Model of Engineering Professorial Intentions to explain why individuals do or do not choose to pursue faculty careers. A 13-month ethnographic study of members of a diverse chemical engineering research group was conducted. The resulting theoretical model accounts for six emergent components that contribute to members’ identification with faculty careers: (1) social identities and personal factors; (2) sociocultural factors; (3) participation, interactions, and learning in research group experiences; (4) faculty prototype; (5) social comparisons; and (6) individual and institutional experiences. The article concludes with implications for further research and recommendations regarding mentoring and design of research group experiences that may promote greater interest in and identification with the professoriate.
PENGARUH INTEGRITAS, PENGETAHUAN DAN PEMAHAMAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIP PAJAK
Authors: Khotimah Nurul , Jamali Hisnol , Amin Asbi
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Integritas, Pengetahuan dan Pemahaman Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama (KPP) Makassar Utara. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dengan menggunakan tekhnik sampel jenuh. Populasinya sebanyak 45 Account Representative (AR) pajak di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Pratama Makassar Utara dan sampelnya sebanyak 45 Account Representative (AR). Hasil kuesioner tersebut telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, juga telah diuji asumsi klasik berupa Normalitas, Multikolinearitas, Heteroskedastisitasnya. Metode Analisis data menggunakan tekhnik analisis dekstiptif dan Regresi Berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa integritas tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, pengetahuan dan pemahaman perpajakan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak
Pengaruh Lama Waktu Makan Akuisisi dan Lama Waktu Makan Inokulasi Vektor Terhadap Penularan Virus Tanaman
Authors: Sularno Sularno
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penularan CMV oleh Myzus persicae dan SMV oleh Aphys glycines. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama waktu makan akuisisi Myzus persicae dan Aphys glycines berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan munculnya gejala penyakit virus pada tanaman uji. Sedangkan lama waktu makan inokulasi Myzus persicae tidak berpengaruh terhadap munculnya gejala penyakit CMV pada tanaman cabe. Sedangkan lama waktu makan inokulasi Aphys glycines berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan munculnya SMV pada tanaman kedelai. Kecepatan munculnya gejala penyakit virus pada tanaman uji tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh lama waktu makan akuisis dan waktu makan inokulasi, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain seperti jenis kultivar tanaman, strain virus, waktu infeksi dan suhu.
Preference of Prospective Students and Students in Choosing Higher Education in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Sako Umar
Published: August 2018

Competition of the world of education, especially universities at this time sorapidly for public and private universities. This study aims to determine the preferenceof prospective students and students in selecting universities in Gorontalo Province.This research uses a quantitative approach by conducting a survey to a number ofprospective students who enroll in a number of universities or universities inGorontalo. The results of research show the most considered factors by respondents(students and students) in choosing a college to continue study is the choice of studyprogram, preferences in choosing a college is the reputation of a college and theencouragement of parents. Costs are no longer the most calculated factor in theselection of universities.
Incongruent autobiographical trustworthiness information affects face recognition: Empirical investigation of an adaptive memory for social exchanges
Authors: Farrelly Daniel , Brown Anna , Felisberti Fatima Maria
Published: August 2018

Previous studies suggested we have adaptive abilities to detect cheats, but an alternative view is that rarer or unusual events in social exchanges are more memorable. This study examined how the congruency of information about individuals’ perceived trustworthiness affected their recognition, compared to information about perceived intelligence. This was achieved by providing information about each individual’s occupation and behaviour, which could be either congruent or incongruent for either trustworthiness or intelligence. Across four experiments, it was found that individuals tagged with low trustworthy rather than high trustworthy behaviours were recognized better, but no effect of congruency was found (Experiment 1a). Conversely, face recognition with incongruent rather than congruent trustworthiness was higher in Experiment 2a. No significant effects of intelligence were observed. These findings provide partial support for an ability to remember faces linked to rarer events specifically when such ability is relevant to social exchanges (trustworthiness).
Planning and Shared Decision Making in Elderly Care
Authors: Tay Eugene Yong Jun , Massaro Sebastiano
Published: August 2018

Decision making in elderly care is complex and multifaceted. No one can accurately predict whether they will have care needs or what these may be later in life. But if they do find they need it, most will learn that, unlike health care, they have to manage many of these needs themselves in often challenging circumstances.The benefits of enhancing autonomy and choice in elderly care must be weighed against the risks of consumers making unsuitable choices without support, often in stressful circumstances. How can we best implement a consumer-oriented or person-centered social care system without compromising the needs and health of the population? The answer lies largely in how people plan and make good decisions about elderly care, as well as how others (e.g., policymakers and providers) can help them in these.In line with other publications in this area (e.g., the Behavioural Insights Team), we regard good decisions as generally those:• Which are made under relatively little time pressure or emotional stress;• Which use accurate information about elderly care services; and• Which incorporate consumers’ needs and preferences.Evidence suggests that decisions can often be taken in response to unplanned crises, where individual abilities may matter more in effective decision making (e.g., emotion regulation; stress management). However, these alone are unlikely to produce good decisions if consumers fail to possess accurate knowledge and understanding over what it is they want from their care and what their available options are.Thus, the aim of this report is to use predominantly academic literature to highlight key cognitive, emotional and situational variables that influence decision making and planning in the context of elderly care. However, throughout our review, we found a consistent lack of academic literature related to these areas. Where this was the case, we usually supplemented our findings with publicly available publications, from both governmental and non-governmental agencies (e.g., charities). In addition, we emphasised the importance of planning in our report as early engagement is likely to bring more informed and person-centered decisions.Our review identifies three overarching themes, each containing a subset of several factors that may serve as barriers or facilitators of decision making in elderly care:1. Individual factors.2. Task and contextual factors.3. Cognitive and emotional factors.
Do narcissists benefit from materialistic pursuits? Examining the relation between narcissistic tendencies, extrinsic values, and well-being
Authors: Werner Kaitlyn M. , Smyth Aidan , Milyavskaya Marina
Published: August 2018

Past research consistently finds that the pursuit of extrinsic goals detracts from our happiness and well-being, and instead contributes to ill-being. Despite the robustness of this finding, recent research suggests that people with narcissistic tendencies are more likely to derive meaning from extrinsic goals. Since well-being was not assessed in that study, we conducted a high-powered (n = 576), pre-registered replication to determine whether narcissists really benefit from materialistic pursuits. Results indicate that having greater narcissistic tendencies was positively associated with perceiving extrinsic goals as being more meaningful, which in turn negatively predicted subjective and eudaimonic well-being, and positively predicted depression.
Scientific Utopia: III. Crowdsourcing Science
Authors: Uhlmann Eric Luis , Chartier Christopher R. , Ebersole Charles R. , Errington Timothy M. , Kidwell Mallory , Lai Calvin K. , McCarthy Randy J. , Riegelman Amy , Silberzahn Raphael , Nosek Brian A.
Published: August 2018

Most scientific research is conducted by small teams of investigators, who together formulate hypotheses, collect data, conduct analyses, and report novel findings. These teams operate independently, as vertically integrated silos. Here we argue that scientific research that is horizontally distributed can provide substantial complementary value, aiming to maximize available resources, promote inclusiveness and transparency, and increase rigor and reliability. This alternative approach enables researchers to tackle ambitious projects that would not be possible under the standard model. Crowdsourced scientific initiatives vary in terms of the degree of communication between project members, from largely independent work curated by a coordination team to crowd collaboration on shared activities. The potential benefits as well as challenges of large scale collaboration span the entire research process: ideation, study design, data collection, data analysis, reporting, and peer review. Complementing traditional small science with crowdsourced approaches holds the potential to accelerate the progress of science and improve the quality of scientific research.
ASSESSMENT OF THE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IMPACT ON THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ilchenko S.V. , Karpenko H.Y.
Published: August 2018

The development of infrastructure, and transport infrastructure in particular, can be attributed to key factors in the economic growth of regions. In conditions of the development of society, the requirements for infrastructure are constantly increasing, which inevitably changes its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, modifying the structures of the infrastructure complex of a specific region. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account both the impact of the social and economic situation in a particular region on the development of infrastructure, and the reverse impact of infrastructure on regional development. In this connection, the transport infrastructure in the article is proposed to be considered as a subsystem of the regional economic system, which establishes institutional links and provides transport services both to the sectors of the regional economy and to the population. The increase in government spending on infrastructure development provides a multiplier effect in the economy. However, in modern conditions, a country may face investment restrictions. Most likely, in the coming years, the share of government spending on infrastructure will decline due to falling incomes first of all when selling energy resources. Obviously, in such conditions it is necessary to change the traditional formsand methods of managing the infrastructure complex, to find new "growth poles". The urgency of improving the spatial organization of the economy is explained by the need to increase the quality of life of the population on the basis of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the regional economy. The use of transport accessibility as a criterion for the development of regions destroys departmental barriers,promotes a combination of sectoral and territorial planning, allows to take into account both the efficiency of the commercial activity of the transport complex itself, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, and the impact of transport on economic and demographic processes, the standard of living of the population, and territorial economic development.At the same time, one of the problematic aspects of ensuring transport accessibility is its assessment. Since, if there are difficulties with the adequacy of the results of the assessment of existing realities, then decisions to increase it, as well as decisions related to the development of regions, may prove to be erroneous.The article analyzes different approaches to assessing the impact of transport on the social and economic development of regions. Methods for determining the impact of the territorial concentration of the transport infrastructure, taking into account production, social and population factors, are proposed.
Peculiarities of immunity in infants born from mothers who smoke tobacco
Authors: Khotsenko G. O.
Published: August 2018

127 children at the age from birth to three years were under investigation. The control group included 32 healthy children born from mothers who did not smoke. The consequences of smoking during pregnancy were evaluated by the thiocyanate content in children’s blood serum. Immune system stress functioning of children (group II) and its hypo function of children (group I) create pathogenic conditions for increased of morbidity among children of these groups.
FUNCTIONAL STATE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD PHAGOCYTES IN WOMEN INFECTED BY PARVOVIRUS B19 IN DIFFERENT TRIMESTERS OF PREGN, ANCY
Authors: Bondarenko N. P. , Lakatoch W. P. , Lakatoch P. W.
Published: August 2018

The infectious process caused by parvovirus B19 should be considered as a stressor effect on the body, which can significantly modulate its reactivity. In 129 infected pregnant women and 16 women with physiological pregnancy in I, II and III trimesters, the parameters characterizing the functional state of neutrophils (Nph) and monocytes (Mc) of peripheral blood were investigated. In infected pregnant women was observed an increase of the number of phagocytic cells and an increase of the intra cellular oxygen-dependent metabolism of Nph and Mc. In this case, through out the course of pregnancy, a decrease in the absorption capacity of phagocytes was noted in infected patients. In the I–III trimesters of pregnancy in women with B19 infection, the spontaneous and induced NBT-tests of Nph and Mc peripheral blood were increased in comparison with the control, but a significant difference was established only for blood Nph in women of group I. The greatest deviations from the control indicators were recorded in the first trimester of pregnancy. More pronounced above changes of the functional state of Nph and Mc were determined in infected patients with clinical complications of pregnancy.
APPROACHES TO REGULATION OF MEDICAL PRODUCTS AS A CONDITION OF PREVENTION OF RISKS THEIR USE
Authors: Horachuk V. , Krut A. , Michaltchuk V.
Published: August 2018

We studied domestic technical regulations for medical products, harmonized with European approaches to regulate their treatment. The materials of the study were documents on technical regulation, standardization, metrology, accreditation, conformity assessment procedures and market surveillance of the European Union and Ukraine (24 units). Methods of system approach and system analysis, descriptive modeling are used. It is established that the regulatory legal regulation of the circulation of medical devices in Ukraine does not contain the full scope of requirements with guarantees of their safety when used by health care institutions and could serve as the criteria for compliance with the performance of control functions by state market surveillance authorities. A list of technical documents formed in a technical file is proposed. Its purpose is to document the circulation of medical devices (manufacture, conduct clinical trials, use in public health institutions, market surveillance). Thus, there are opportunities to confirm the safety of medical devices, which is a component of ensuring the quality of medical care.
Nonculturable forms of bacteria in lyophilized probiotic preparations
Authors: Blinkova Larisa , Martirosyan Danik M , Pakhomov Yury , Dmitrieva Olga , Vaughan Rachel , Altshuler Michael
Published: August 2018

Background: Nonculturable cells are formed under stress. These viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells retain the ability to revert to active growth and division when conditions become favorable, or after treatment with resuscitating factors. Information about the possible presence of VBNC in bacterial lyophilized probiotic preparations, foodstuffs, live vaccines, etc., indicates that human as well as animal intestines are a significant area for research.Methods: Samples were stored for different periods of time (up to 30 years) according to the manufacturers’ manuals. Total counts were conducted using the Goryaev-Thoma counting chamber and actual viability was assessed by luminescence microscopy after staining with Live/Dead® (Baclight™). CFU/ml counts were made using solid or semisolid media. Viable cells that lacked the ability to form colonies were considered VBNC.Results: We studied 11 batches of commercial probiotics (Russia) from different sources, containing lyophilized E. coli, lactobacilli, or bifidobacteria, in ampoules or vials. In E. coli preparations, depending on storage periods, the amounts of VBNC varied from 4.1% (3 years) to 99.7% (30 years) and showed different total viability (52.2 – 91.3%), as well as the percentage of VBNC cells. A different sample that had been expired for 11 years was 79.5% NC. It is also noteworthy that the 5-dose vials, 4 years past expiration, from yet another source, showed a higher amount of VBNC cells (85.5%). Two different batches that had been expired for three years contained 4.1 and 21.3% VBNC cells. 4 of the 5-dose vials of lyophilized lactobacilli were not expired and contained 58.8 – 80.4% VBNC cells. Total viability varied from 92.9 to 100%, and there was an unmistakable positive correlation between total viability and culturability. The last batch, which had expired 6 years earlier, has 23.7% viable cells and about 98% VBNC. Non-expired bifidobacterial samples contained 70.7 and 95.5% of viable cells and were 50 and 100% culturable. Conclusion: We demonstrated the presence of VBNC cells in lyophilized probiotic preparations that contained live bacteria. Probiotics stored past their expiration date may retain a high potential medical effect because they contained high numbers of viable cells. VBNC cells in studied preparations may have the potential to return to an actively growing state.Keywords: nonculturable forms of bacteria, probiotics
N-alkylamides: from plant to brain
Authors: Veryser Lieselotte , Wynendaele Evelien , Taevernier Lien , Verbeke Frederick , Joshib Tanmayee , Tatke Pratima , Spiegeleer Bart De
Published: August 2018

Background: Plant N-alkylamides (NAAs) are bio-active compounds with a broad functional spectrum. In order to reach their pharmacodynamic targets, they have to overcome several barriers of the body in the absorption phase. The permeability kinetics of spilanthol (a diene NAA) and pellitorine (a triene NAA) across these barriers (i.e. skin, oral/gut mucosa, blood-brain barrier) were investigated.Methods: The skin and oral mucosa permeability were investigated using human skin and pig mucosa in an ex vivo in vitro Franz diffusion cell set-up. The gut absorption characteristics were examined using the in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer test system. The initial blood-brain barrier transport kinetics were investigated in an in vivo mice model using multiple time regression and efflux experiments. Quantification of both NAAs was conducted using HPLC-UV and bio-analytical UPLC-MS methods.Results: We demonstrated that spilanthol and pellitorine are able to penetrate the skin after topical administration. It is likely that spilanthol and pellitorine can pass the endothelial gut as they easily pass the Caco-2 cells in the monolayer model. It has been shown that spilanthol also crosses the oral mucosa as well as the blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that NAAs pass various physiological barriers i.e. the skin, oral and gut mucosa, and after having reached the systemic circulation, also the blood-brain barrier. As such, NAAs are cosmenutriceuticals which can be active in the brain.Key words: Plant N-alkylamides, pharmacokinetics, mucosa/skin, blood-brain barrier (BBB), cosmenutriceuticals
Turmeric and Chinese goldthread synergistically inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation and NF-kB signaling
Authors: Zhao Yi , Collier J. Jason , Huang E-Chu , Whelan Jay
Published: August 2018

Background: Pre-clinical studies using bioactive compounds from botanicals appear to offer some protection against cancer. Research using single bioactives contributes greatly to our understanding of their mechanism of action, but in vitro studies demand concentrations that are higher than achievable in humans (µM). However, maintaining these bioactives in the presence of other compounds originally derived from the food or extract of origin may synergistically lower the bioactive dose so translatability becomes feasible. The objective of this study was to determine if bio-efficacy of phytonutrients can be enhanced when used in combination even at doses that are ineffective for any compound when used in isolation. Methods: The anti-proliferative and molecular effects of herbs (turmeric and Chinese goldthread) and their bioactives (curcumin and ar-turmerone, berberine and coptisine, respectively) were determined in isolation and in combination. Using CWR22Rv1 and HEK293 cells, cell proliferation (as assessed by the MTT assay) and NF-κB promoter activity (using a luciferase reporter construct) were evaluated and synergy of action was assessed by the Chou-Talalay method utilizing CompuSyn® software. Results: Turmeric and Chinese goldthread act synergistically (combination index<1) when inhibiting cell proliferation with all cell lines tested. The synergy of action of combinations of companion bioactives from the same herb (i.e., curcumin/ar-turmerone and berberine/coptisine) and bioactives from different herbs (i.e., curcumin/berberine) help to explain why turmeric and Chinese goldthread are more effective than their major bioactives in isolation. At the molecule level, curcumin+ar-turmerone and curcumin+coptisine synergistically attenuated TNFα-stimulated NF-κB promoter activity. Even compounds with poor efficacy become more biologically active in the presence of companion compounds. Importantly, the effects of combining any two bioactives or herbal extracts were highly synergistic at concentrations approaching physiological significance (nanomolar). Conclusions: These results suggest that bioactives in combination (as plant extracts or isolated compounds) are highly synergistic at the cellular and molecular level at physiologically relevant concentrations. These data help to explain why complex mixtures of botanicals may be more efficacious than their bioactives in isolation.
Non-Invasive Detection Method for Recycled Flash Memory Using Timing Characteristics †
Authors: Sakib Sadman , Kumari Preeti , Talukder B. M. S. Bahar , Rahman Md Tauhidur , Ray Biswajit
Published: August 2018

Counterfeiting electronic components is a serious problem for the security and reliability of any electronic systems. Unfortunately, the number of counterfeit components has increased considerably after the introduction of horizontal semiconductor supply chain. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach for detecting recycled Flash memory. The proposed method is based on measurement of change in Flash array characteristics (such as erase time, program time, fail bit count, etc.) with its usage. We find that erase time is the best metric to distinguish a used Flash chip from a fresh one for the following reasons: (1) erase time shows minimal variation among different fresh memory blocks/chip and (2) erase time increases significantly with usage. We verify our method for a wide range of commercial off the shelf Flash chips from several vendors, technology nodes, storage density and storage type (single-bit per cell and multi-bit per cell). The minimum detectable chip usage varies from 0.05% to 3.0% of its total lifetime depending on the exact details of the chip.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of an Al6061 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Hima Gireesh Ch , Durga Prasad K. , Ramji Koona
Published: August 2018

The demand for aluminum hybrid metal matrix composites has increased in recent times due to their enhanced mechanical properties for satisfying the requirements of advanced engineering applications. The performance of these materials is greatly influenced by the selection of an appropriate combination of reinforcement materials. The reinforcement materials include carbides, nitrides, and oxides. The ceramic particles, such as silicon carbide and aluminum oxide, are the most widely used reinforcement materials for preparing these composites. In this paper, an attempt has been made to prepare an Al6061 hybrid metal matrix composite (HAMMC) reinforced with particulates with different weight fractions of SiC and Al2O3 and a constant weight fraction (5%) of fly ash by a stir-casting process. The experimental study has been carried out on the prepared composite to investigate the mechanical properties due to the addition of multiple reinforcement materials. The density and mechanical properties, such as ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, impact strength, and the hardness and wear characteristics of the proposed composite, are compared with those of unreinforced Al6061. The experimental investigation is also aimed at observing the variation of properties with a varying weight percentage of the reinforcement materials SiC and Al2O3 simultaneously with the fly ash content maintained constant. The outcome of the experimental investigation revealed that the proposed hybrid composite with 20% of total reinforcement material exhibits high hardness, high yield strength, and low wear rate but no considerable improvement in impact strength.
New 19-Residue Peptaibols from Trichoderma Clade Viride
Authors: Marik Tamás , Tyagi Chetna , Racić Gordana , Rakk Dávid , Szekeres András , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Kredics László
Published: August 2018

Trichoderma koningiopsis and T. gamsii belong to clade Viride of Trichoderma, the largest and most diverse group of this genus. They produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites, including peptaibols with antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The unusual amino acid residues of peptaibols, i.e., α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), isovaline (Iva), and the C-terminal 1,2-amino alcohol make them unique among peptides. In this study, the peptaibiomes of T. koningiopsis and T. gamsii were investigated by HPLC-ESI-MS. The examined strains appeared to produce 19-residue peptaibols, most of which are unknown from literature, but their amino acid sequences are similar to those of trikoningins, tricholongins, trichostrigocins, trichorzianins, and trichorzins. A new group of peptaibols detected in T. koningiopsis are described here under the name “Koningiopsin”. Trikoningin KA V, the closest peptaibol compound to the peptaibols produced by these two strains, was selected for structural investigation by short MD simulation, which revealed that many residues show high preference for left handed helix formation. The bioactivity of the peptaibol mixtures produced by T. koningiopsis and T. gamsii was tested on agar plates against bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. The results revealed characteristic differences in bioactivities towards the different groups of target microorganisms, which can be explained with the differences in their cell wall structures.
Extracellular Water to Total Body Water Ratio in Viral Liver Diseases: A Study Using Bioimpedance Analysis
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroki , Yoh Kazunori , Enomoto Hirayuki , Ishii Noriko , Iwata Yoshinori , Nakano Chikage , Takata Ryo , Nishimura Takashi , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Sakai Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Naoto , Hasegawa Kunihiro , Takashima Tomoyuki , Iijima Hiroko , Nishiguchi Shuhei
Published: August 2018

Aims: To investigate the relationship between extracellular water to total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) in bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and clinical parameters in hepatitis viruses related to liver diseases. Methods: ECW/TBW was compared in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV, n = 85) and hepatitis C virus (HCV, n = 440) related liver diseases. We also examined factors linked to mild to severe overhydrated state (ECW/TBW ≥0.4). Results: The median ECW/TBW in the HCV group was 0.388 (range, 0.365–0.433), while that in the HBV group was 0.381 (range, 0.363–0.425) (p < 0.0001). In all cases (n = 525), for predicting F3 or more, ECW/TBW yielded the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC, 0.74912) and for predicting F4, ECW/TBW yielded the AUROC (0.75517). Multivariate analysis showed that age, prothrombin time, serum albumin, and alanine aminotransferase were significant factors linked to ECW/TBW ≥0.4. In patients with FIB-4 index <2, ECW/TBW in the HCV group was significantly higher than that in the HBV group (p = 0.0188), while in patients with 2 ≤ FIB-4 index <4 and FIB-4 index ≥4, the difference in the two groups did not reach significance. Conclusion: ECW/TBW can be different according to hepatitis viruses. Overhydrated status can easily occur in the HCV group even in the non-LC status compared with the HBV group.
Models of Compact Stars in the Bimetric Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravitation
Authors: Grigorian Levon Sh. , Khachatryan Hrant F. , Saharian Aram A.
Published: August 2018

We investigate static spherically-symmetric configurations of gravitating masses in the bimetric scalar-tensor theory of gravitation. In the gravitational sector, the theory contains the metric tensor, a scalar field and a background metric as an absolute variable of the theory. The analysis is presented for the simplest version of the theory with a constant coupling function and a zero cosmological function. We show that, depending on the value of the theory parameter, the masses for superdense compact configurations can be essentially larger compared to the configurations in general relativity.
Where is the Risk Reward? The Impact of Volatility-Based Fund Classification on Performance
Authors: Ewen Martin
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the impact of volatility-based fund classification on portfolio performance. Using historical data on equity indices, we find that a strategy based on long-term portfolio volatility, as is imposed by the Synthetic Risk Reward Indicator (SRRI), yields better Sharpe Ratios (SR) and Buy and Hold Returns (BHR) than passive investments. However, accounting for the Fama–French factors in the historical data reveals no significant alphas for the vast majority of the strategies. Further analyses conducted by running a simulation study based on a GJR(1,1)-model show no significant difference in mean returns, but significantly lower SRs for the volatility-based strategies. This evidence suggests that neither the higher leverage induced by the SRRI, nor the potential protection in downside markets pay off on a risk adjusted basis.
Application of Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry for the Determination of Ignitable Liquids from Fire Debris
Authors: Aliaño-González María José , Ferreiro-González Marta , Barbero Gerardo F. , Palma Miguel , Barroso Carmelo G.
Published: August 2018

A fast and correct identification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris investigation is of high importance in forensic research. Advanced fast analytical methods combined with chemometric tools are usually applied for these purposes. In the present study, the Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with chemometrics is proposed as a promising technique for the identification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris samples. Fire debris samples were created in the laboratory, according to the Destructive Distillation Method for Burning that is provided by the Bureau of Forensic Fire and Explosives. Four different substrates (pine wood, cork, paper, and cotton sheet) and four ignitable liquids of dissimilar composition (gasoline, diesel, ethanol, and paraffin) were used to create the fire debris. The Total Ion Current (TIC) Chromatogram combined with different chemometric tools (hierarchical cluster analysis and linear discriminant analysis) allowed for a full discrimination between samples that were burned with and without ignitable liquids. Additionally, a good identification (95% correct discrimination) for the specific ignitable liquid residues in the samples was achieved. Based on these results, the chromatographic data from HS-GC-IMS have been demonstrated to be very useful for the identification and discrimination of ignitable liquids residues. The main advantages of this approach vs. traditional methodology are that no sample manipulation or solvent is required; it is also faster, cheaper, and easy to use for routine analyses.
From the Calendar to the Flesh: Movement, Space, and Identity in a Mexican Body Culture
Authors: Jennings George
Published: August 2018

There are numerous ways to theorise about elements of civilisations and societies known as ‘body’, ‘movement’, or ‘physical’ cultures. Inspired by the late Henning Eichberg’s notions of multiple and continually shifting body cultures, this article explores his constant comparative (trialectic) approach via the Mexican martial art, exercise, and human development philosophy—Xilam. Situating Xilam within its historical and political context and within a triad of Mesoamerican, native, and modern martial arts, combat sports, and other physical cultures, I map this complexity through Eichberg’s triadic model of achievement, fitness, and experience sports. I then focus my analysis on the aspects of movement in space as seen in my ethnographic fieldwork in one branch of the Xilam school. Using a bare studio as the setting and my body as principle instrument, I provide an impressionist portrait of what it is like to train in Xilam within a communal dance hall (space) and typical class session of two hours (time) and to form and express warrior identity from it. This article displays the techniques; gestures and bodily symbols that encapsulate the essence of the Xilam body culture, calling for a way to theorise from not just from and on the body but also across body cultures.
From Active Aging to Active Citizenship: The Role of (Age) Friendliness
Authors: Del Barrio Elena , Marsillas Sara , Buffel Tine , Smetcoren An-Sofie , Sancho Mayte
Published: August 2018

The concept of ‘Active Aging’ emerged in the 1990s, reflecting a growing emphasis on the relationships between health, participation, aging, and independence. The concept focuses on encouraging the participation of older adults in society and it recognizes the competence and knowledge that older people possess. The Active Aging discourse developed as a broad political response to demographic aging, one which promotes a cultural shift in what ‘old age’ may mean, by providing older people with new roles. The initiative “Age-Friendly Cities and Communities”, which was launched by the WHO in 2007, was developed with the aim of applying this paradigm into practice at the local level. Its purpose was to promote a movement of citizen participation where older people have a leading role as generators of well-being, and tackling the barriers of Active Aging. This paper provides a theoretical reflection concerning the development of the concept of Active Aging and how this has led to new ways of active citizenship in later life. New generations of older people demand a space where they can develop and contribute to society, regardless of their age. The aging of the population poses challenges and opportunities, which we can and must take advantage of in order to build a better and more egalitarian society, one that recognizes the value of diversity.
Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Motta Nunzio , Shafiei Mahnaz
Published: August 2018

Electrospun one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures are rapidly emerging as key enabling components in gas sensing due to their unique electrical, optical, magnetic, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties. 1D nanostructures have found applications in numerous areas, including healthcare, energy storage, biotechnology, environmental monitoring, and defence/security. Their enhanced specific surface area, superior mechanical properties, nanoporosity and improved surface characteristics (in particular, uniformity and stability) have made them important active materials for gas sensing applications. Such highly sensitive and selective elements can be embedded in sensor nodes for internet-of-things applications or in mobile systems for continuous monitoring of air pollutants and greenhouse gases as well as for monitoring the well-being and health in everyday life. Herein, we review recent developments of gas sensors based on electrospun 1D nanostructures in different sensing platforms, including optical, conductometric and acoustic resonators. After explaining the principle of electrospinning, we classify sensors based on the type of materials used as an active sensing layer, including polymers, metal oxide semiconductors, graphene, and their composites or their functionalized forms. The material properties of these electrospun fibers and their sensing performance toward different analytes are explained in detail and correlated to the benefits and limitations for every approach.
Molecular characterization of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance among fecal Escherichia coli isolated from surface water of Wadi Shueib-Jordan
Authors: Burjaq Shereen Zeyad , Abu-Romman Saeid M. , Haddad Moawya A.
Published: August 2018

Objective.  Contamination of surface water with pathogenic organism is  highly dangerous for  people who used it for drinking or for domestic activities.  Detection of  Escherichia coli in water can be used as a general important indicator for fecal contamination .This study investigated the occurrence of  fecal E. coli and two important toxigenic types of  E. coli isolates and their  antimicrobial resistance in water samples collected from a surface water source ( Wadi Shueib) in Jordan .

 

Methods. A total of 51 water samples were collected from three different locations of wadi shueib over a three month, July through September, 2016. For each sample, 200 ml of water was collected in sterilized containers. All samples  which were positive for fecal E. coli were subcultured on Eosin methylelne blue agar and incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours. E. coli isolates were identified by API- 20 E test , and all isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of virulence genes of ETEC and EHEC.

 

Results. A total of 46 /51 (90%) of water samples were contaminated with fecal E. coli. These 46 E. coli isolates were resistant in the range  between 4%-76%  to  commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of urinary tract infection in Jordan. Multidrug resistant isolates to at least three antibiotics accounted for 17/46 (37%) of the isolates.   Out of 46 fecal E. coli isolates, 4(8.7%) were enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and 2 (4.3%) were enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) as detected using PCR.

 

Conclusion. This study indicated that the surface running water of Wadi Shueib is contaminated with potential enteropathogenic E. coli , and it can be a source of causing diarrheal diseases . Fecal E. coli isolates from water also showed high level of antibiotic resistance patterns comparable to human E. coli isolates in Jordan.
Pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics consideration in treating critically septic patients and correlates of bacterial killing: a review article
Authors: Wadi Jamal
Published: August 2018

Critically septic patients carry high mortality; however, it may be ameliorated to some extent by the appropriate prescription of antimicrobials and appropriate dosing strategy. Drug metabolism in critically septic patients differ from other less critical patients, and antimicrobial treatment need to be adjusted to prevent under dosing. The augmented clearance, acute kidney injury, microvascular ischemia, all affect antimicrobials’ levels. Methods of antimicrobial administration were explored, continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus, with the aim of maximizing drug exposure, hitherto, apart from PK/PD advantage, it was not translated clearly into patients’ clinical outcome. Biofilms have a unique management as they need elevated antimicrobial dosages to assure adequate drug exposure, and agents that work directly on biofilms to assure its disruption. Application of PK/PD knowledge in the management of critically septic patients maximize the clinical outcome and assures proper drug exposure, avoiding under dosing and drug toxicity, and decreasing the chance of antimicrobials mutant’s selection, and therapy failures
Candida Endophthalmiltis Following Penetrating Keratoplasty in Patient with Negative Donor Rim; A case report with review literature of diagnosis and treatment of fungal endophthalmitis.
Authors: Alsaad Mouna Mohamad , Alkowni Sohaib
Published: August 2018

This is a case of young patient presented with granulomatous anterior and posterior uveitis, which turned to be fungal endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty. Her symptoms were undetected because she was on systemic and topical steroids.

Key words: Candida, Endophthalmiltis, Penetrating Keratoplasty, negative donner rim.

The patient is 25 years old Caucasian female patient, previously medically free, who visited our department in the city of Amman, Jordan, for left penetrating keratoplasty for severe keratoconus. After an initial improvement in her vision and a smooth postoperative course, she presented with drop of vision, photophobia, and non-specific eye pain, on examination was found to have anterior granulomatous uveitis. She was started on systemic steroids and the topical steroids were increased in intensity. The initial systemic workup for granulomatous anterior uveitis was negative. However, culture from the aqueous was positive for Candida Galibrata, but the donor rim was negative. Later on the patient developed vitritis despite being on systemic fluconazole and topical Amphotericin B. She was treated with intravitreal Amphotericin B.

The vitritis improved, but vitreous opacities developed which deteriorated her vision. A parsplana vitetrectony was done.

Her final visual acuity remained poor because of opacified graft.   

The patient’s unfortunate case represents a Candida endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty despite being medically free.