bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximum Movement and Cumulative Movement (Travel) to Inform our Understanding of Secondary Spinal Cord Injury and its Application to Collar use in Self-extrication
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Fenwick Rob , May Barbara , Stassen Willem , Smith Jason , Shippen James
Published: November 2021

Background:Motor vehicle collisions remain a common cause of spinal cord injury. Biomechanical studies of spinal movement often lack “real world” context and applicability. Additional data may enhance our understanding of the potential for secondary spinal cord injury. We propose the metric ‘travel’ (total movement) and suggest that our understanding of movement related risk of injury could be improved if travel was routinely reported. We report maximal movement and travel for collar application in vehicle and subsequent self-extrication.Methods:Biomechanical data on application of cervical collar with the volunteer sat in a vehicle were collected using Inertial Measurement Units on 6 healthy volunteers. Maximal movement and travel are reported. These data and a re-analysis of previously published work is used to demonstrate the utility of travel and maximal movement in the context of self-extrication.Results:Data from a total of 60 in-vehicle collar applications across three female and three male volunteers was successfully collected for analysis. The mean age across participants was 50.3 years (range 28–68) and the BMI was 27.7 (range 21.5–34.6). The mean maximal anterior-posterior movement associated with collar application was 2.3mm with a total AP travel of 4.9mm. Travel (total movement) for in-car application of collar and self-extrication was 9.5mm compared to 9.4mm travel for self-extrication without a collar. Conclusion:We have demonstrated the application of ‘travel’ in the context of self-extrication. Total travel is similar across self-extricating healthy volunteers with and without a collar.We suggest that where possible ‘travel’ is collected and reported in future biomechanical studies in this and related areas of research. It remains appropriate to apply a cervical collar to self-extricating casualties when the clinical target is that of movement minimisation.
Genomic, Biochemical, and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Bacteria Isolated From Deep-sea Sediment Harboring Methane Hydrates
Authors: Proenca Audrey Menegaz , Oliveira Maiara Monteiro , Neves Paula Fernanda Ribas , Giongo Adriana , de Oliveira Rafael Rodrigues , Marconatto Letícia , Neto Halesio Milton Correa de Barros , Ketzer João Marcelo Medina , Medina-Silva Renata
Published: November 2021

Over half of the organic carbon on Earth’s surface is trapped in marine sediment as methane hydrates. Ocean warming causes hydrate dissociation and methane leakage to the water column, rendering the characterization of microbes from hydrate depositions a pressing matter. Through genomic, phylogenetic, and biochemical assays, we characterize the first microorganisms isolated from the Rio Grande Cone (Brazil), reservoir responsible for massive methane releases to the water column. From sediment harboring rich benthic communities, we obtained 43 strains of Brevibacillus sp., Paenibacillus sp. and groups of Bacillus sp. Methane-enriched samples yielded strains of the Pseudomonas fluorescens complex, exhibiting fluorescent siderophore production and broad multi-carbon catabolism. Genomic characterization of a novel Pseudomonas sp. strain indicated 32 genes not identified in the closest related type-species, including mercury resistance proteins. Our results provide phylogenetic and genomic insights on the first bacterial isolates retrieved from a poorly explored region of the South Atlantic Ocean.
Multiplex genomic recording of enhancer and signal transduction activities in mammalian cells
Authors: Shendure Jay , Chen Wei , Choi Junhong , Nathans Jenny , Agarwal Vikram , Martin Beth , Nichols Eva , Leith Anh , Lee Choli
Published: November 2021

Measurements of gene expression and signal transduction activity are conventionally performed with methods that require either the destruction or live imaging of a biological sample within the timeframe of interest. Here we demonstrate an alternative paradigm, termed ENGRAM (ENhancer-driven Genomic Recording of transcriptional Activity in Multiplex), in which the activity and dynamics of multiple transcriptional reporters are stably recorded to DNA. ENGRAM is based on the prime editing-mediated insertion of signal- or enhancer-specific barcodes to a genomically encoded recording unit. We show how this strategy can be used to concurrently record the relative activity of at least hundreds of enhancers with high fidelity, sensitivity and reproducibility. Leveraging synthetic enhancers that are responsive to specific signal transduction pathways, we further demonstrate time- and concentration-dependent genomic recording of Wnt, NF-κB, and Tet-On activity. Finally, by coupling ENGRAM to sequential genome editing, we show how serially occurring molecular events can potentially be ordered. Looking forward, we envision that multiplex, ENGRAM-based recording of the strength, duration and order of enhancer and signal transduction activities has broad potential for application in functional genomics, developmental biology and neuroscience.
Neurosyphilis Presenting As Status Epilepticus, Successively Hemiparesis And Aphasia
Authors: Qi Yunwen , Jiang Zongze , Zhang Xiong , Xie Daixin , Cai Zhiyou
Published: November 2021

Background: Neurosyphilis can occur anytime and present with a myriad of symptoms. Lissauer form of General Paresis Insane (GPI) is rare. We can learn more about this form of GPI through this case report.Case Presentation: The patient presented as status epilepticus, successively as hemiparesis and aphasia, which may be considered as the Todd's paresis or stroke. By performing the reactive serum rapid plasma reagent test and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, as well as the brain MRI results, we made the diagnosis as Lissauer form of GPI. The patient was started on intravenous penicillin for a total of 14 days. After that, the patient appeared with marked clinical improvement. Cognitive ability was better than before. Conclusions: GPI typically has a progressive course and normally presents 10 to 30 years after the initial infection. The manifestations of this patient and his suspicious history of Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) may mislead to the diagnosis of Todd's paresis or stroke. The prevalence of syphilis is rising again in recent years. To date, there is no gold standard for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. Early diagnosis is of great importance as effective penicillin therapy is available.
Advanced Glycation End Products Receptor DNA Methylation Is Associated with Immune Infiltration and Prognosis of Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jun , Chen Xiaohui , Lin Mingqiang , Zhang Mengyan , Wang Zhiping , Wu Yahua , Yu Yilin , Zheng Qunhao , Li Jiancheng
Published: November 2021

Background: Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a rising trend of incidence and mortality. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) account for the major numbers, which should be paid enough attention. Advanced glycation end products receptor (AGER) is a multi-ligand receptor that interacts with a wide range of ligands. Previous studies have shown that abnormal AGER expression is closely related to immune infiltration and tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the AGER DNA methylation relationship between prognosis and infiltrating immune cells in LUAD and LUSC is still unclear. Results: Compared with the normal lung tissues, the expression level of AGER was significantly reduced in LUAD and LUSC. Low expression of AGER was markedly correlated with histology, stage, lymph node metastasis and Tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation and could be used as a potential indicator of poor prognosis of LUAD and LUSC. Further analysis showed that copy number variation (CNV), mutation and DNA methylation involved in the low level of AGER. Additionally, we found that AGER DNA hypermethylation meant a worse prognosis in LUAD and LUSC. In addition, we also found that hypermethylated AGER was significantly correlated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusion: AGER may be a candidate for the prognostic biomarker of LUAD and LUSC related with tumor immune microenvironment.
Investigating a Self-Management Harm Reduction Strategy for Symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Nicotine Dependence, Alcohol use, and Drug Use
Authors: Connolly Ross D. , Hesson Jacqueline
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The purpose of the present research was to examine the mediating effect that self-management has on the relationships between ADHD symptoms and nicotine dependence, alcohol use, and drug use among an undergraduate student population.Method: Data were drawn from undergraduate psychology students (N=141). We tested self-management as a mediator between (1) ADHD symptoms and nicotine use, (2) ADHD symptoms and alcohol use, and (3) ADHD symptoms and drug use.Results: After controlling for potential socioeconomic covariates, self-management was shown to be a significant mediator between ADHD symptoms and drug use, but not nicotine dependence or alcohol use.Conclusion: We observed that self-management was a significant mediator between ADHD symptoms and drug use, which suggests that self-management may play a role in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and drug use. Those individuals who have symptoms associated with ADHD and who also have high levels of self-management are less likely to abuse substances. This research has provided an empirical foundation for the development of harm reduction interventions to address drug use among individuals with ADHD.
Temperature Dependent Current Transport Mechanism of Photopolymer Based Al/NOA60/p-Si MPS Device
Authors: Özden Şadan , Avcı Nejmettin , Pakma Osman , Kariper Afşin İshak
Published: November 2021

A photopolymer based Al/NOA60/p-Si (metal-polymer-semiconductor) MPS device was fabricated and the current transport properties were investigated by using the forward bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristic in the temperature range of 80-300 K. The cross-sectional structure of polymer/semiconductor was revealed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and it was seen that the NOA60 photopolymer was tidily coated on the p-Si surface. According to the I-V measurements at room temperature, the MPS device exhibits a good rectification ratio of 8140 at ±1V. Temperature-dependent I-V measurements (I-V-T) were analyzed on the basis of thermionic emission (TE) theory and an abnormal increase in zero-bias barrier height (BH) and a decrease in ideality factor (n) was observed with increasing temperature. Additionally, two different linear regions with distinct values from the theoretical value of the Richardson constant (A*) were observed in the conventional Richardson plot. Such deviations from ideal TE theory has been attributed to the effect of BH inhomogeneities. Gaussian distribution (GD) of BH model has applied the I-V-T results and double GD BH with mean values of 0.75±0.08 eV (80 – 140 K) and 1.02±0.11 eV (140 – 300 K) were calculated. Moreover, the A* value of 64.73 A/cm2K2 was calculated close to the known value of p-Si from the modified Richardson plot. Thus, it has been concluded that the current transport of the Al/NOA60/p-Si MPS device can be explained by TE with double GD BH model for a wide temperature region.
Blood flow modeling reveals improved collateral artery performance during the regenerative period in mammalian hearts
Authors: Anbazhakan Suhaas , Coronado Pamela Rios , Sy-Quia Ana Natalia , Seow Lek Wei , Hands Aubrey , Zhao Mingming , Dong Melody , Pfaller Martin , Raftrey Brian , Cook Christopher , Bernstein Daniel , Nieman Koen , Pasca Anca , Marsden Alison , Red-Horse Kristy
Published: November 2021

Collateral arteries are a vessel subtype that bridges two artery branches, forming a natural bypass that can deliver blood flow downstream of an occlusion. These bridges in the human heart are associated with better outcomes during coronary artery disease. We recently found that their rapid development in neonates supports heart regeneration, while the non-regenerative adult heart displays slow and minimal collateralization. Thus, inducing robust collateral artery networks could serve as viable treatment for cardiac ischemia, but reaching this goal requires more knowledge on their developmental mechanisms and functional capabilities. Here, we use whole-organ imaging and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to identify the spatial architecture of and predict blood flow through collaterals in neonate and adult hearts. We found that neonate collaterals are more numerous, larger in diameter, and, even when similar in size/number, are predicted to more effectively re-perfuse an occluded coronary network when compared to adults. CFD analysis revealed that collaterals perform better in neonates because of decreased differential pressures along their coronary artery tree. Furthermore, testing of various collateral configurations indicated that larger, more proximal collaterals are more beneficial than many smaller ones, identifying a target architecture for therapeutic interventions. Morphometric analysis revealed how the coronary artery network expands during postnatal growth. Vessel diameters do not scale with cardiac muscle growth. Instead, the coronary tree expands solely by adding additional branches of a set length, a burst of which occurs during murine puberty. Finally, we compared mouse structural and functional data to human hearts. Surprisingly, fetal human hearts possessed a very large number of small, but mature, smooth muscle cell covered collaterals while angiogram data indicated adult patients with chronic coronary occlusions contained at least two. Comparing size ratios with modeled mouse data suggested low re-perfusion capabilities of the embryonic collaterals but higher functional benefits of those in diseased adults. Our unique interdisciplinary approach allowed us to quantify the functional significance of collateral arteries during heart regeneration and repair–a critical step towards realizing their therapeutic potential.
Health System Productivity In Sub-Saharan Africa: Tuberculosis Control In High Burden Countries
Authors: ATAKE Esso - Hanam
Published: November 2021

Background: 21 of the 30 countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden are in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). SSA is also home to 74% of all HIV-positive TB patients reported worldwide in 2014. This paper analyses the productivity changes of TB programs and decompose this productivity down into technological change and technical efficiency. Method: this study was carried out in 16 SSA countries where TB is highly endemic and covers the period 2009-2016. The data is taken from the annual reports of global TB Program. We used the Hicks-Moorsteen index to compute and decompose total factor productivity (TFP), and the β-convergence and σ-convergence tests to check for convergence patterns among SSA countries. Results: The largest increase in the TFP (35.7%) in 2016 with respect to the base year corresponds to the cutbacks in inputs (9.1%) and a positive change in outputs (0.9%). We found that technological change has been the main driver of the TFP growth, and that increasing technical efficiency may be the first objective in efforts to improve the TFP of TB programs. Our findings support the hypothesis of convergence among SSA countries in the fight against TB. Moreover, corruption was considered as one of the most important determinants of tuberculosis control in SSA countries.Conclusion: the findings suggest that improving the technical efficiency of TB programs mainly calls for better resource allocation, capacity building in governance and management of programs, improved training of the health providers and stronger prevention policies. An efficient use of funds will arguably reduce the number of tuberculosis cases and TB burden. The Global Fund must closely monitor all the grants in its portfolio and respond decisively and urgently to any instances of corruption.
Comparison of Dentoskeletal and Soft Tissue Changes Between Tooth-Borne and Tooth-Bone-Borne Hybrid Nonsurgical Rapid Maxillary Expansions in Adults: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: An Jung-Sub , Seo Bo-Yeon , Ahn Sug-Joon
Published: November 2021

Background
Despite the gradual increase in the use of rapid maxillary expansion (RME), specifically RME with the aid of skeletal anchorage in adults, there have been no reports comparing dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes between nonsurgical tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne RMEs in adults. This study aimed to analyse differences in dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes between tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne RMEs using a similar appliance design and the same expansion protocol in adult patients.
Methods
Twenty-one patients with tooth-borne expansion (a conventional expansion screw with two premolars and two molar bands for dental anchorage [T-RME]) and the same number of patients with tooth-bone-borne hybrid expansion (a conventional expansion screw with two premolar and two molar bands for dental anchorage and four mini-implants in the palate for skeletal anchorage [H-RME]) were included. Dentoskeletal and soft tissue variables at pretreatment (T1) and after expansion (T2) were measured using posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms and frontal photographs. The sex distribution of the two groups was analysed using the chi-square test, and the change after RME in each group was evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Differences in pretreatment age, expansion duration, post-expansion duration, and dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes after RME between the two groups were determined using the Mann–Whitney U test.
Results
There were no significant differences in the expansion protocol, pretreatment conditions, and sex distribution between the two groups. Despite similar degrees of dental expansion at the crown level between the two groups, H-RME induced increased skeletal and parallel expansion of the maxilla compared to T-RME. After expansion, H-RME demonstrated increased forward displacement of the maxilla without significant changes in the vertical dimension, while T-RME exhibited increased backward displacement of the mandible, increased vertical dimension, and decreased overbite. Both groups showed significant retroclination and extrusion of the maxillary incisors without significant intergroup differences. There were no significant soft tissue changes between the two groups.
Conclusion
This study suggests that using skeletal anchorage in RME may induce increased skeletal and parallel expansion of the maxilla without significant effects on the vertical dimension.
Green Wavelength Femtosecond Laser Ablated Copper Surface
Authors: Liu Yi-Hsien , Cheng Chung-Wei
Published: November 2021

During green wavelength femtosecond laser ablation, d-band electrons are excited to become free and to participate in the absorption process. The increased electron temperature also induces the density of state shift and causes the gap between the d-band and the Fermi level to expand. The d-band electron transition effect during the laser ablation process causes nonlinear absorption, therefore, it should always be considered during simulations of laser-copper interaction.This study used a single femtosecond laser pulse with a wavelength of 515 nm and a pulse duration of 300 fs to ablate copper with fluence 0.7 - 63 J/cm2. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical results, where a modified Drude-critical point model was adopted to simulate the ablation depth. The modified model considered the electron transition effect and a two-temperature model that assumed both the linear and nonlinear absorption effect. Comparison of the experimental and simulated results revealed that the simulated ablation depth obtained using the nonlinear absorption model was consistent with the experimental results.
Quantitative serology for SARS-CoV-2 using self-collected saliva and finger-stick blood
Authors: Campbell Christopher , Padmanabhan Nikhil , Romero Daniel , Joe Jessica , Gebremeskel Mikias , Manjula Navaratnam , Wohlstadter Noah , Wohlstadter Rachel , Goodwin Paul , Quintero Lillian , Debad Jeff , Sigal George , Wohlstadter Jacob
Published: November 2021

Convenient and widespread serology testing may alter the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study seeks to leverage high-throughput, multiplexed serologic assays, which have been adopted as benchmarks for vaccine efficacy, to support large-scale surveys of SARS-CoV-2 immunity using finger-stick blood and/or saliva. Specifically, we optimized MSD’s serology assays, which were analytically validated for serum, to test self-collected finger-stick blood and saliva samples. We show that these assays can be used with FDA-registered specimen collection devices to obtain quantitative measurements for self-collected samples. Antibody levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) multiplex immunoassay, which has been used to measure humoral responses to several COVID-19 vaccines, including those funded by the U.S. Government’s Operation Warp Speed. First, we show that salivary antibodies are stable without refrigeration or preservatives for at least five days. Using matched samples, we show that testing of saliva and finger-stick blood equivalently identified individuals with humoral responses to CoV-2 antigens. Moreover, we piloted a simple saliva collection kit that can be used to safely send samples through the mail. This work demonstrates that robust methods for self-collection of finger-stick blood and saliva, in combination with quantitative, automated immunoassays, provide the technical capabilities needed to support large-scale serology testing.
Implicitly perturbed Hamiltonian: a class of versatile and general-purpose molecular representations for machine learning
Authors: Alibakhshi Amin , Hartke Bernd
Published: November 2021

Unraveling challenging problems by machine learning has recently become a hot topic in many scientific disciplines. For developing rigorous machine-learning models to study
problems of interest in molecular sciences, translating molecular structures to quantitative representations as suitable machine-learning inputs play a central role. Many different molecular representations and the state-of-the-art ones, although efficient in studying numerous molecular features, still are suboptimal in many challenging cases, as discussed in the context of the present research. The main aim of the present study is to introduce the Implicitly Perturbed Hamiltonian (ImPerHam) as a class of versatile representations for more efficient machine learning of challenging problems in molecular sciences. ImPerHam representations are defined as energy attributes of the molecular Hamiltonian, implicitly perturbed by a number of hypothetic or real arbitrary solvents based on continuum solvation models. We demonstrate the outstanding performance of machine-learning models based on ImPerHam representations for three diverse and challenging cases of predicting inhibition of the CYP450 enzyme, high precision, and transferrable evaluation of conformational energy of molecular systems, and accurately reproducing solvation free energies for large benchmark sets.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Singaporean Primary Healthcare Workers
Authors: Koh Sky Wei Chee , Liow Yiyang , Loh Victor Weng Keong , Liew Seaw Jia , Chan Yiong-Huak , Young Doris
Published: November 2021

BackgroundFactors affecting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among primary healthcare workers (HCW) remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify factors associated with vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among HCW.MethodsA multi-centre online cross-sectional survey was performed across 6 primary care clinics from May to June 2021, after completion of vaccination exercise. Demographics, profession, years working in healthcare, residential status, presence of chronic medical conditions, self-perceived risk of acquiring COVID-19 and previous influenza vaccination were collected. HCW who accepted vaccine were then asked to rank their top 5 reasons for vaccine acceptance; HCW who were vaccine hesitant had to complete the 5C scale on psychological antecedents of vaccination.Results557 out of 1182 eligible HCW responded (47.1%). 29 were excluded due to existing contraindications. Among 557 respondents, vaccine acceptance rate was 94.9% (n=501) and 5.1% were hesitant (n=27). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was not associated with sex, age, ethnicity, profession, number of years in healthcare, living status, presence of chronic diseases, self-perceived risk or previous influenza vaccination. The top 3 reasons for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance ranked by 501 HCW were to protect their family and friends, protect themselves from COVID-19 and due to high risk of acquiring COVID-19 because of their jobs. The 15-item questionnaire from the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination was completed by 27 vaccine hesitant HCW. The mean scores for the components of the 5Cs were: ‘Confidence’ (3.96), ‘Complacency’ (3.23), ‘Constraint’ (2.85), ‘Calculation’ (5.79) and ‘Collective responsibility’ (4.12).ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a minute issue among Singapore primary HCW, having achieved close to 95% acceptance rate with 5% hesitancy rate. Future studies can focus on other settings with higher hesitancy rates, and acceptance of booster vaccinations with the emergence of the delta COVID-19 variant.Trial RegistrationThis study was approved by the National Healthcare Group (NHG) Domain Specific Review Board (DSRB), Singapore on 26th April 2021 (Reg No. 2021/00213).
Vida na Corda Bamba
Authors: Oliveira Renata Couto de Azevedo de
Published: November 2021

A imagem criada para essa edição é uma colagem digital que mostra uma pequena equilibrista andando numa corda na qual estão penduradas imagens que remetem aos exemplares literários usados nos artigos da chamada “Verso, prosa, drama e ficção: literatura e organizações”. A inspiração veio da literatura de cordel, gênero que combina literatura e arte e cujos livretos são normalmente presos à uma corda com pregadores. As chaminés entre as quais a corda se estende são da usina termoelétrica de Battersea, em Londres (Reino Unido), hoje desativada. A imagem da usina tem valor sentimental e faz parte da cultura popular. É ela que aparece na capa do álbum “Animals”, da banda inglesa Pink Floyd. Ao que parece o porco que flutua entre as torres da usina na capa do álbum, originalmente concebida pelo guitarrista da banda, Roger Waters, remete ao clássico literário “A Revolução dos Bichos”, do também inglês George Orwell. Tanto o álbum, quanto o livro tecem críticas aos sistemas políticos e às condições sociais em diferentes momentos da história.
F.M. Dostoevsky and A.N. Ostrovsky in the process of learning about the people (1860s)
Authors:   The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Mikhnovets Nadezhda G.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the history of formation and development of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “soil concepts” in the 1860s in the light of his close attention to the work of Alexander Ostrovsky. Previously, researchers did not correlate the different positions of Ostrovsky and Dostoevsky in the writers’ shared process of the cognition of folk life. The main focus of the article is centered on revealing the dynamics of changes in Dostoevsky’s attitude towards the work of Ostrovsky: from the recognition of impartiality of the playwright’s portrayal of the Russian people to the belief of his misunderstanding of foundations of folk life and the conviction of the gradual increase in accusatory tones in its coverage, starting from the final resolution of the play Thunderstorm. The article identifies the areas of synchronicities and disagreements of the two writers from a problem-thematic standpoint. The work concludes that the main point of divergence in the writers’ understanding of the Russian people was, on the one hand, Dostoevsky’s certainty of the monolithic unity of the Russian people, anchored in the Orthodox faith, and, on the other, Ostrovsky’s idea that the fundamental crises of the mid-19th century encompass all strata of Russian society, without any exceptions. The idea of the significance of the Last Judgment in the life of the common people is identified as essential for Ostrovsky.
Categories of the name and the verb in Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache (1731)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vlasov Sergei V. , Moskovkin Leonid V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2021

The relevance of this study is due to the importance of Vasiliy Adodurov’s Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache as the first academic grammar of the Russian language written by a Russian scholar and published in Russia. The aim of the article is to show the innovations of Adodurov’s grammatical views and the relation of his grammar with Western European and Slavic grammatical traditions in the conceptual presentation of the name and the verb. The material of the research is the Russian grammar of Adodurov in comparison with the grammars by H.W.Ludolph, I.W.Paus, the Slavonic grammar by M. Smotritsky, the Latin grammars by I.Rhenius, E.Kopijewitz, I.Lange, “Grammatica Marchica”, and the German grammar by M. Schwanwitz. The descriptive and comparative research methods are used. A particularity of the research approach is the comparison of Anfangs-Gründe not only with the Russian, Slavonic and German grammars, but also with the Latin grammars. The results of the study show the innovations of Adodurov in the interpretation of the gender of names, voices of the Russian verb, and the forms of the future and the past tense. He simplifies the noun and verb description scheme taking into account specific features of the Russian language and methodological considerations. The article also proposes a new version of the collaboration between Adodurov and the anonymous German-speaking author of the comments in the margins of the manuscript Compendium Grammaticae Russicae, explaining Adodurov’s use of these comments in Anfangs-Gründe.
Impact of variability in the hydrological cycle components on vegetation growth in an alpine basin of the southeastern Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Ban Chunguang , Xu Zongxue , Zuo Depeng , Zhang Rui , Chen Hao , Ye Chenlei , Wang Jing , Waciren Da
Published: November 2021

Vegetation is affected by hydrological cycle components that have altered under the influence of climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact of hydrological cycle components on regional vegetation growth, especially in alpine regions. In this study, we employed multiple satellite observations to comprehensively investigate the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological cycle components in the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) basin for the period 1982–2014 and to determine the underlying mechanisms driving regional vegetation growth. Results showed that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values during May–October were high, and the NDVI values increased from the upper reaches of the YZR to its lower reaches, reflecting the enhancement of vegetation growth. Annual precipitation, precipitation-actual evapotranspiration (AET), and snow water equivalent (SWE) all affect terrestrial water storage in the YZR basin through changes in soil moisture (SM), i.e., SM is the intermediate variable. Seasonal variability of vegetation is controlled mainly by precipitation, temperature, AET, SM anomaly, and SWE. Groundwater storage anomalies (GWA) and terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) were not reliable indicators of vegetation growth in the YZR basin and the midstream and downstream regions. The effects of GWA and TWSA on vegetation occurred in the upstream region.
Armas de fuego sin frontera. El caso de Baja California, México (2013-2020)
Authors: Hernández Gerardo , Orozco Reynoso Zulia
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de la investigación es analizar el tráfico de armas de fuego de Estados Unidos hacia México y su correlación con la violencia homicida en el estado fronterizo de Baja California en el periodo 2013-2020. La metodología es inductiva debido a que observa y registra la información disponible de la incautación de armas. También es exploratoria porque el tráfico de armas de fuego se ha mantenido en la discusión pública pero poco se ha analizado desde la perspectiva teórica del diseño de la agenda e implementación de las políticas públicas. Los resultados plantean que las lagunas en el marco normativo del control de armas de fuego en México incentivan oportunidades para que la delincuencia organizada trafique armas generando espirales de violencia en territorios como Baja California. Existen limitaciones en la disponibilidad de información, pero la perspectiva teórica utilizada permite desarrollar y comprobar la hipótesis de la investigación.
PROCESSOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS E EVOLUÇÃO DA PAISAGEM NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE XAVIER RAFAEL
Published: November 2021

Os processos geomorfológicos são responsáveis por promoverem transformações na paisagem do semiárido. O intemperismo é responsável por decompor as rochas, formar novos materiais e alterar a superfície rochosa. No semiárido sobre rochas cristalinas, o intemperismo permite a formação de solos, como os Luvissolos e os Neossolos litólicos, principalmente nas áreas de rochas metamórficas, e nos afloramentos graníticos, produz um conjunto de feições específicas que são responsáveis pela sua evolução. A erosão dos solos é predominantemente por escoamento superficial, produzindo altas taxas nas encostas e assoreamento dos leitos fluviais. De modo geral, os processos erosivos e a remoção dos solos são mais rápidos que o intemperismo e a formação de novos materais. Assim, durante o processo evolutivo resultarão delgados regolitos residuais, podendo muitas vezes expor o corpo rochoso. Essa condição foi caracterizada por Gilbert (1877) e foi denominada de “limites de intemperismo”.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO ESTIMADA PELO ALGORÍTIMO SEBAL NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Júnior Jório Bezerra Cabral , Lucena Rebecca  Luna , Silva Helder Jose Farias da , Reis Jean Souza dos , Rodrigues. Daniele Tôrres
Published: November 2021

O objetivo principal neste trabalho foi avaliar a estimativa da evapotranspiração pelo algoritmo SEBAL (surface energy balance algorithm for land) no semiárido brasileiro. Para isso foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico acerca do tema, para diagnosticar se há convergência sobre a eficiência da utilização do SEBAL na aplicação e planejamento dos recursos hídricos, fazendo-se análise comparativa de diversos estudos publicados no meio científico. Os principais resultados encontrados convergiram que o SEBAL é um bom método, pois o erro oscila suavemente comparado as estimativas convencionais, além de permitir larga escala geográfica, análise com alta resolução e baixo custo. Considera-se que o SEBAL, embora tenha limitações com interferências atmosféricas, pode ser utilizado, o que se recomenda é que admita a margem de erro e que se faça análises com séries históricas para validar estatisticamente os resultados.
AS SECAS E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS SOBRE OS RECURSOS DO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Santos de Araújo Sérgio Murilo
Published: November 2021

O presente texto teve como objetivo discutir as secas da região Semiárido Brasileiro nos seus aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos com destaque para a última seca ocorrida entre os anos de 2012-2017. O texto é o resultado da apresentação na mesa redonda “As secas e a desertificação no semiárido brasileiro” no I Simpósio de Redução de Riscos dos Desastres na Região Nordeste e II Workshop do Grupo de Pesquisas de Gerenciamento dos Riscos de Desastres – GENAT.
PONTENCIALIDADES TURISTICAS DA PRAIA DE PONTA VERDE, SÃO JOSÉ DE RIBAMAR-MA
Authors: Filho Marcelino Silva Farias , Borges Teresa Cristina  Cantanhede , Araujo Sergio da Silva de , Soares Jacenilde Cristina Braga
Published: November 2021

O turismo no Brasil vem crescendo de forma significativa ao longo dos anos e se tornou uma importante atividade econômica. Para desenvolver o turismo, o planejamento e participação de todos são essenciais, principalmente nas áreas litorâneas. O Brasil tem um turismo muito forte nas áreas litorâneas e o Maranhão apresenta essa potencialidade, entretanto a exploração desses espaços ocorre de forma desordenada e pouco estruturada, a exemplos de algumas praias no litoral maranhense, como a praia de Ponta Verde localizada no município de São José de Ribamar. A praia apresenta toda uma potencialidade que é “desconhecida” pelos agentes públicos. Nesse contexto o estudo tomou como base a pesquisa investigativa e a metodologia consistiu de quatro etapas: levantamento bibliográfico; realização do trabalho de campo; sistematização e análise das informações e dados coletados. A praia de Ponta Verde apresenta especulação imobiliária aliado ao processo de urbanização desordenada em andamento. Constatou-se que na praia há uma extensa faixa de areia, com uma diversidade de falésias e áreas de banho, com possibilidade de vivência de uma pesca artesanal em camboas. Por fim, existe uma potencialidade de atividade de lazer/turismo na praia, mas é limitado na falta de interesse e desconhecimento do poder público dessas potencialidades.
ÍNDICE DE GEODIVERSIDADE DO PARQUE NACIONAL DE UBAJARA, CEARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Meira Suedio Alves , Da Silva Edson Vicente
Published: November 2021

A quantificação da geodiversidade, definida pela variedade de elementos abióticos e processos associados, é uma ferramenta importante na distinção de locais mais ou menos geodiversos. O presente artigo apresenta como objetivo aplicar um índice de geodiversidade ao território do Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Ceará. A metodologia partiu do levantamento de referencial teórico e dados cartográficos. Posteriormente foi empregada uma metodologia de quantificação difundida em escala nacional e confeccionados mapas temáticos para melhor exposição dos resultados. O índice demonstrou que as áreas mais geodiversas estão localizadas na porção central do Parque Nacional de Ubajara, zona caracterizada pelo degrau geomorfológico entre o Glint da Ibiapaba e a Superfície Sertaneja. Essa descontinuidade do relevo influencia na organização da rede de drenagem, na configuração dos solos e nas unidades morfológicas.
VULNERABILIDADE INTRÍNSECA À CONTAMINAÇÃO NATURAL DO AQUÍFERO NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO MUNICÍPIO DE SALVADOR
Authors: Rego Nathali Lorena de Santana , Melo Danilo Heitor Caires Tinoco Bisneto , Gomes Maria da Conceição
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é elaborar um mapa temático da vulnerabilidade intrínseca do aquífero na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS), o qual constitui o primeiro passo para a avaliação do perigo a contaminação e proteção da qualidade da água subterrânea. Para tanto, foi utilizada a metodologia GOD. Na RMS foi encontrado quatro padrões de vulnerabilidade: desprezível, baixa; moderada e alta. O método GOD mostrou claramente a vulnerabilidade natural à contaminação, porém, o mesmo envolve simplificações nas informações hidrogeológicas, o que requer atenção no momento da reclassificação, tratamento dos dados e interpretação dos resultados.
INTERPRETAÇÃO SÍSMICA E MODELAGEM 3D ESTRUTURAL NA BACIA DE BARREIRINHAS (MARANHÃO, BRASIL)
Authors: Conte Karoliny Gusso , Oliva Pedro Andrés Chira
Published: November 2021

Discoveries of hydrocarbons in the basins of the African Equatorial Margin and Guinea Gulf stimulated the exploratory interest in the basins of the Brazilian Equatorial Margin, for being together before the Continental Drift. This interest emerges because both African and South American equatorial margin are considered analogous. The Barreirinhas Basin is a member of the Brazilian equatorial margin. The objective of this work is to present the results obtained through the seismic interpretation and structural 3D modeling, in the context of gravitational tectonics, in an area covered by 3D seismic data, in the Barreirinhas Basin. The compressional domain of an extensive-compressive system was mapped. In this study, were identified reverse faults, thrust faults and fault-related folding like fault-bend and fault-propagation fold that can be accompanied by backthrust features in deep to ultra-deep waters. The 3D structural model allowed the representation of the geometric variations present in the study area. The new information will be important for the identification and evaluation of structures with greater potential for hydrocarbon accumulations and can help in future studies to characterize the reservoir, contributing to the evolution of knowledge of the equatorial margin, especially in the Barreirinhas Basin.
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DE POÇOS DE MONITORAMENTO EM ÁREA DE DISPOSIÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS
Authors: De Borba Willian Fernando , Silvério da Silva José Luiz , Da Cunha Kemerich Pedro Daniel , Boito de Souza Éricklis Édson , D'Ávila Fernandes Gabriel , Ricardo Carvalho Ivan , Morandi Leandra
Published: November 2021

O monitoramento da qualidade da água subterrânea em áreas com potencial de contaminação desempenha uma importante ferramenta de gestão. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar uma série histórica do monitoramento da qualidade da água subterrânea por meio de uma rede de poços na área ocupada por um aterro sanitário entre os anos de 2007 a 2018. Os resultados indicaram alterações nos parâmetros microbiológicas (Coliformes totais e termotolerantes) estes os quais apresentaram maior contribuição relativa dos parâmetros analisados. As variáveis cloreto, nitrato e sulfato também apresentaram alterações no período analisado. Sendo estes, com valores em desacordo com a legislação vigente para o uso de abastecimento humano. Entre os parâmetros analisados, somente o pH apresentou relação com a precipitação. O agrupamento permitiu a formação de grupos específicos, com destaque ao PM03, com características individuais entre os demais. Assim, conclui-se que ocorreram alterações nos parâmetros de qualidade da água entre o período analisado, principalmente na direção do fluxo subterrâneo do aquífero suspenso temporário não contínuo.
Formalny akt wystąpienia z Kościoła katolickiego
Authors: Jabłońska Paulina
Published: November 2021

Artykuł przedstawia problem aktu formalnego odejścia od Kościoła katolickiego. Artykuł opisuje regulacje oparte na dokumentach Kościoła katolickiego, takich jak: Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego (1983), Papieska Rada ds. Tekstów Legislacyjnych (2006), motu proprio Benedykta XVI Omnium in mentem (2009) oraz dokumenty Konferencji Episkopatu Polski. Na końcu artykułu opisano skutki aktu formalnego odejścia od Kościoła katolickiego.
Konkretny akt administracyjny w polskim prawie administracyjnym oraz poszczególny akt administracyjny w prawie kanonicznym – analiza prawno-porównawcza
Authors: Główczewska Aleksandra , Rokicka-Murszewska Karolina
Published: November 2021

Celem artykułu jest omówienie głównych cech poszczególnych aktów administracyjnych Kościoła i porównanie ich z aktami administracyjnymi znanymi w polskim prawie administracyjnym. Zostaną przeanalizowane ważne aspekty podziału obowiązków i kompetencji władzy kościelnej. Autorzy przybliżą definicję kościelnego aktu administracyjnego i przeanalizują odpowiednie przepisy prawa kanonicznego. Głównym założeniem artykułu jest wskazanie cech wspólnych aktów administracyjnych w prawie kanonicznym i administracyjnym.
Goðakirkja. Islandzki Kościół w okresie Wolnej Wspólnoty
Authors: Gogłoza Włodzimierz
Published: November 2021

Średniowieczna Islandia z okresu funkcjonowania tzw. Wolnej Wspólnoty (Þjóðveldið), jest relatywnie dobrze udokumentowanym źródłowo przykładem społeczności przedpaństwowej, której ustrój polityczno-prawny oparty był o prywatne mechanizmy tworzenia, stosowania i egzekwowania prawa. Z tego też względu jest ona przedmiotem wielu badań podejmowanych przez przedstawicieli licznych dyscyplin naukowych, w tym historii, archeologii, antropologii politycznej, jak również ekonomii instytucjonalnej i ekonomicznej analizy praw. Powinna ona również wydać się interesującą badaczom dziejów Kościoła, z uwagi na zakres kontroli jaką przedstawiciele islandzkiego laikatu sprawowali nad majątkiem kościelnym, unikalny status duchownych oraz odbiegający od standardów prawa kanonicznego kształt lokalnej dziesięciny. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest dokonanie rekonstrukcji funkcjonowania średniowiecznego islandzkiego Kościoła we wszystkich wyżej wymienionych obszarach, w oparciu o staroislandzkie prywatne zbiory prawa Grágás, XII i XIII-wieczne źródła narracyjne oraz akty donacyjne najstarszych prywatnych kościołów.
Konkordat między Polską i Stolicą Apostolską jako wypróbowana forma pokojowego i konsensualnego określenia wzajemnych relacji i sytuacji prawnej katolików mieszkających na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Krajczyński Jan
Published: November 2021

Autor opracowania usiłuje zgłębić okoliczności przyjęcia i treść kolejnych umów między Polską a Stolicą Apostolską, wskazuje na szczególny charakter konkordatów, ich przedmiot i ewolucję w zakresie formy określania norm prawnych istotnych dla obu stron. Postuluje przy tym nowe lub dodatkowe uregulowanie niektórych spraw, w tym tych dotyczących instytucji małżeństwa, ochrony życia ludzkiego, szkół doktorskich w kościelnych jednostkach naukowych i organów uprawnionych do nadawania stopnia doktora w tych jednostkach, ochrony zabytkowych obiektów sakralnych i dokumentów o dużej wartości historycznej i artystycznej przechowywanych w archiwach kościelnych. Wspomniane wnioski de lege ferenda podyktowane są zmianami społecznymi i nowymi regulacjami niektórych kwestii w prawie Unii Europejskiej i prawie polskim.
L-carnitine: Searching for New Therapeutic Strategy for Sepsis Management
Authors: Sahebnasagh Adeleh , Avan Razieh , Monajati Mahila , Hashemi Javad , Habtemariam Solomon , Negintaji Sina , Saghafi Fatemeh
Published: November 2021

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In this review, we discussed the biological targets of carnitine, its effects on
immune function, and how L-carnitine supplementation may help critically ill patients.
L-carnitine is a potent antioxidant. L-carnitine depletion has been observed in prolonged
intensive care unit (ICU) stays, while L-carnitine supplementation has beneficial effects
in health promotion and regulation of immunity. It is essential for the uptake of fatty
acids into mitochondria. By inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, down-regulating
the apelin receptor in cardiac tissue, and reducing β-oxidation of fatty acid, carnitine may
decrease vasopressor requirement in septic shock and improve clinical outcomes of this
group of patients. We also reviewed animal and clinical studies that have been recruited
for evaluating the beneficial effects of L-carnitine in the management of sepsis/ septic
shock. Additional clinical data are required to evaluate the optimal daily dose and duration
of L-carnitine supplementation.
Recent Advances on Synthesis of 1,4-Benzoxazines and its Derivatives
Authors: Liang Wei , Min Li-Jing , Han Liang , Liu Xing-Hai
Published: November 2021

1,4-benzoxazine compounds are an important class of heterocyclic compounds.
Ever since 1,4-benzoxazine was discovered in 1959, it has attracted chemists due to its unique
physiological activities, and their synthesis and application have been studied. However, the
traditional synthesis methods of 1,4-benzoxazines have some drawbacks, such as complicated
steps, harsh reaction conditions and low yield. Therefore, it is still a significant direction to
develop new and efficient synthesis methods. In this paper, the synthesis methods and reaction
mechanisms of these compounds are reviewed, and the application prospect of 1,4-
benzoxazine and its derivatives as a dominant active structure in the future is discussed.