bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Uncertain Input Data of Multi-Purpose Reservoir Volumes under Hydrological Extremes
Authors: Paseka Stanislav , Marton Daniel
Published: May 2021

The topic of uncertainties in water management tasks is a very extensive and highly discussed one. It is generally based on the theory that uncertainties comprise epistemic uncertainty and aleatoric uncertainty. This work deals with the comprehensive determination of the functional water volumes of a reservoir during extreme hydrological events under conditions of aleatoric uncertainty described as input data uncertainties. In this case, the input data uncertainties were constructed using the Monte Carlo method and applied to the data employed in the water management solution of the reservoir: (i) average monthly water inflows, (ii) hydrographs, (iii) bathygraphic curves and (iv) water losses by evaporation and dam seepage. To determine the storage volume of the reservoir, a simulation-optimization model of the reservoir was developed, which uses the balance equation of the reservoir to determine its optimal storage volume. For the second hydrological extreme, a simulation model for the transformation of flood discharges was developed, which works on the principle of the first order of the reservoir differential equation. By linking the two models, it is possible to comprehensively determine the functional volumes of the reservoir in terms of input data uncertainties. The practical application of the models was applied to a case study of the Vír reservoir in the Czech Republic, which fulfils the purpose of water storage and flood protection. The obtained results were analyzed in detail to verify whether the reservoir is sufficiently resistant to current hydrological extremes and also to suggest a redistribution of functional volumes of the reservoir under conditions of measurement uncertainty.
A Review of Climate Change Impacts on the USA-Mexico Transboundary Santa Cruz River Basin
Authors: Shamir Eylon , Tapia-Villaseñor Elia M. , Cruz-Ayala Mary-Belle , Megdal Sharon B.
Published: May 2021

In the parched Upper Santa Cruz River Basin (USCRB), a binational USA–Mexico basin, the water resources depend on rainfall-triggered infrequent flow events in ephemeral channels to recharge its storage-limited aquifers. In-situ data from the basin highlight a year-round warming trend since the 1980s and a concerning decline in average precipitation (streamflow) from 1955–2000 to 2001–2020 by 50% (87.6%) and 17% (63%) during the winter and summer, respectively. Binational sustainable management of the basins water resources requires a careful consideration of prospective climatic changes. In this article we review relevant studies with climate projections for the mid-21st century of four weather systems that affect the region’s precipitation. First, the North American Monsoon (NAM) weather system accounts for ~60% of the region’s annual rainfall. The total NAM precipitation is projected to decline while heavy rainfall events are expected to intensify. Second, the frequency of the pacific cold fronts, the region’s prevalent source of winter precipitation, is projected to decline. Third, the frequency and intensity of future atmospheric rivers, a weather system that brings winter rainfall to the region, are projected to increase. Fourth, the frequency and intensity of large eastern pacific tropical cyclones (TC) are expected to increase. On rare occasions, remnants of TC make their way to the USCRB to cause storms with considerable impact on the region’s water resources. In contrast to the high confidence projections for the warming trend to persist throughout the mid-21st century, the precipitation projections of these four weather systems affecting the region encompass large uncertainties and studies have often reported contradicting trends. An added source of uncertainty is that the USCRB is located at the periphery of the four rain-bearing weather systems and small mesoscale changes in these weather systems may have accentuated impacts on their edges. Despite the high uncertainty in the projections of future precipitation, the early 21st century drying trend and the projected mid-21st century decline in precipitation events serve as a pressing call for planning and actions to attain sustainable water resources management that reliably satisfies future demands.
Perceptions of Drinking Water Service of the ‘Off-Grid’ Community in Cimahi, Indonesia
Authors: Prayoga Rizky , Nastiti Anindrya , Schindler Seth , Kusumah Siska W. D. , Sutadian Arief D. , Sundana Eka J. , Simatupang Elivas , Wibowo Arie , Budiwantoro Bagus , Sedighi Majid
Published: May 2021

The establishment of decentralized drinking water systems in urban areas is technically and financially feasible, and these ‘off-grid’ systems can complement investment in traditional piped water systems. However, users often see ‘off-grid’ systems as the second-best option, compared to citywide piped water systems. Thus, although they are designed to improve access to water and reduce inequality, they can be perceived by users as infrastructural manifestations of extant inequality. In this paper, we present original research on the perceptions of users in Cimahi, Indonesia, surrounding their access to water and willingness to use and maintain ‘off-grid’ infrastructure. The majority of respondents used groundwater and packaged water as their primary water sources, and paid approximately twice the maximum tariff of piped water service. We interpreted the survey data with the theory of planned behavior framework and determined that respondents demonstrated a willingness to pay fees for ‘off-grid’ water systems, participate in water supply programs, and switch to new water sources. These intentions were affected by their attitude towards the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control to various degrees. The findings are useful for those designing strategies to introduce novel water delivery systems aimed at improving water access for diverse and disadvantaged socioeconomic groups in urban areas in the Global South.
Effects of Intermittent Water Allocation on Vegetation Dynamics in Lake Baiyangdian, North China
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Xueke , Zhao Ying
Published: May 2021

The ecological effects of intermittent water supplement in Lake Baiyangdian were analyzed with an NDVI time series based on the data from 1 April 1998 to 31 July 2008. Four NDVI categories were extracted, and twelve stages were grouped based on the specific replenishment time of water allocation. STR (a seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on regression) and its corresponding linear regression and abrupt change detection were used to highlight the temporal variations in vegetation under the effects of water allocation. ANOVA was used to identify the response quality of the vegetation in each stage. The results showed that the significant increasing trend of each NDVI category was detected by linear regression (p < 0.001). The 95% abrupt change intervals showed uncertainty and complexity in the immediate vegetation response to water division times. The most abrupt changes were detected in the growing seasons. The extremely significant differences in NDVI variation before and after water allocations were detected by ANOVA (p < 0.001, t-test). The longer the duration of water allocation was maintained, the higher the detection of vegetation coverage was relatively. The increased vegetation coverage benefited from the constant water supply. Our results provide evidence of vegetation responses to intermittent water divisions. The positive effects of water allocation on regional ecological restoration were confirmed. This study strengthened the water division effects of regional vegetation restoration and provided a practical strategy for an effective implementation of water allocation.
Experimental Validation and Parameter Study of a 2D Geometry-Based, Flexible Designed Thermal Motor Model for Different Cooled Traction Motor Drives
Authors: Gronwald Peer-Ole , Kern Thorsten Alexander
Published: May 2021

For identifying new improvement potentials for electric traction motors, accurate models are needed. In this paper, a geometry-based 2D lumped parameter thermal network model for different electric traction motor and cooling concepts is studied and validated. In the second section, the design and functionality of the thermal model is explained. In the third section, the best fit of the literature correlations for describing the different heat transfer mechanisms was identified and a parameter study of the heat transfer coefficients was carried out and discussed. In the last section, the model is validated with measurement results from six different electric traction motors and drives units. For validation measurement results of stationary operating points, peak operating points and drive cycles are used. Based on the validation results, a model error of less than 10% is achieved for the most motor components in the different cooling concepts and traction motor designs. Inaccuracies and deviations are discussed and suggestions for improvement are made.
The birth of the UN: the contribution of military diplomats to the creation of universal Organization
Authors: Isaenko A. I.
Published: May 2021

the article returns readers to the events of 75 years ago related to the creation of the United Nations and the involvement of Soviet military diplomats in this world event.
Impact of space technology on us deterrence strategy
Authors: Nesterov A. K.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to one the most important sphere of modern American deterrence strategy — space environment. The paper presents the basic principles of US space strategy, as well as the country's main opponents in this area. Special attention is paid to the influence of space technology on the American deterrence strategy. Practical tools for implementing a containment strategy using space means are studied in detail. The author tries to forecast further ways of the development of the US military-industrial complex in the field of space and their impact on the international security system at the global and regional stage.
Increased Mortality Associated with Hypermagnesemia in Severe COVID-19 Illness
Authors: Stevens Jacob S. , Moses Andrew A. , Nickolas Thomas L. , Husain Syed Ali , Mohan Sumit
Published: May 2021

Key Points

Hypermagnesemia is common in patients admitted with coronavirus disease 2019.

The development of hypermagnesemia in coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with renal failure and markers of high cell turnover.

In adjusted models, patients who develop hypermagnesemia have an increased risk of mortality.

Background

Although electrolyte abnormalities are common among patients with COVID-19, very little has been reported on magnesium homeostasis in these patients. Here we report the incidence of hypermagnesemia, and its association with outcomes among patients admitted with COVID-19.

Methods

We retrospectively identified all patients with a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 who were admitted to a large quaternary care center in New York City in spring 2020. Details of the patients’ demographics and hospital course were obtained retrospectively from medical records. Patients were defined as having hypermagnesemia if their median magnesium over the course of their hospitalization was >2.4 mg/dl.

Results

A total of 1685 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 had their magnesium levels checked during their hospitalization, and were included in the final study cohort, among whom 355 (21%) had hypermagnesemia. Patients who were hypermagnesemic had a higher incidence of shock requiring pressors (35% vs 27%, P<0.01), respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (28% vs 21%, P=0.01), AKI (65% vs 50%, P<0.001), and AKI severe enough to require renal replacement therapy (18% vs 5%, P<0.001). In an adjusted multivariable model, hypermagnesemia was observed more commonly with increasing age, male sex, AKI requiring RRT, hyperkalemia, and higher CPK. Survival probability at 30 days was 34% for the patients with hypermagnesemia, compared with 65% for patients without hypermagnesemia. An adjusted multivariable time to event analysis identified an increased risk of mortality with older age, need for vasopressors, higher C-reactive protein levels, and hypermagnesemia (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.63 to 2.54, P<0.001).

Conclusions

In conclusion, we identified an association between hypermagnesemia among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and increased mortality. Although the exact mechanism of this relationship remains unclear, hypermagnesemia potentially represents increased cell turnover and higher severity of illness, which is frequently associated with more severe forms of AKI.
Status and trends of the Canada Goose Branta canadensis in France
Authors: Fouque Carol , Schricke Vincent
Published: May 2021

An enquiry to determine the distribution and abundance of the Canada Goose Branta candensis in France was undertaken in 2008. Responses were received from 92 out of the 96 departments. Canada Geese were reported in 56 of the 92 departments, in 8 of which the species had only appeared after 2000. For half of the 56 departments, the species was observed only in summer. Canada Geese summered in 38 departments, numbering at least 4,250 birds. At least 6,000 birds are also thought to winter in France as of 2008/2009, when the species is more widespread. Winter numbers are increasing exponentially. In 5 departments, crop damage and public health issues have resulted in local management measures in the last 3 years (e.g. egg pricking and culling of adults). We discuss the need for further regulation and legislation in the light of these conflicts and hybridisation with other species.
Crítica a la crítica utilitaria a la lógica tradicional. Una discusión con los filósofos modernos René Descartes y Francis Bacon
Authors: Rodríguez Valeria
Published: May 2021

La crítica a la crítica moderna a la lógica tradicional es la respuesta a una pregunta filosófica: ¿es o no la inutilidad de la lógica aristotélica para innovar o aumentar los conocimientos, supuesta por Bacon (en los “Aforismos” del Novum Organum ) y por Descartes (en la segunda parte del Discours de la méthode ), una razón suficiente para desacreditar este método como fundamento de la ciencia. La respuesta que se argumenta en el presente ensayo es negativa. La inutilidad de la lógica aristotélica para innovar o aumentar los conocimientos, supuesta por Bacon y Descartes, no es una razón suficiente para desacreditar este método como fundamento de la ciencia, porque su vinculación útil con ésta no se reduce a un progreso innovador.
Persepsi Sakit dan Pemahaman Penggunaan Obat Rasional (POR) di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Suwantara I Putu Tangkas , Megawati Fitria , Wintariani Ni Putu , Arimbawa Putu Eka
Published: May 2021

Persepsi akan memunculkan perilaku sakit dalam mengambil tindakan dengan melakukan pengobatan sendiri, sehingga dapat menyebabkan pemahaman penggunaan obat menjadi tidak rasional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi sakit dengan pemahaman penggunaan obat rasional di Kota Denpasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan survei cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebesar 97. Data dikumpulkan dari bulan Januari–Februari 2020 di Kota Denpasar menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji binary logistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi sakit dengan pemahamam pemahaman penggunaan obat rasional (P<0.05). Persepsi sakit mengenai kondisi tubuh (36.4%) atau keadaan rasa sakit (32.4%) memiliki nilai paling besar, sedangkan pemahamm POR paling tinggi kesalahan adalah mengenai obat batuk, obat panas, obat diare tidak perlu diminum sampai habis jika gejalanya sudah hilang (50.5%) dan semua obat diminum setelah makan (26.8%). Kondisi tubuh terutama dalam hal tidak dapat melakukan aktivitas dan keluhan rasa sakit akan menyebabkan masyarakat mencari suatu pengobatan, sehingga hal ini dapat mengakibatkan pemahaman mengenai POR terutama mengenai gejala simtomatis dan penggunaan obat. Oleh karena itu, perlu pemberian informasi yang tepat tentang obat ketika masyarakat mencari pengobatan untuk mengatasi keluhan yang dirasakan.
Ahkâm Âyetleri Çerçevesinde Kur’ân Belâgati (Ukûbât Örneği)
Authors: AKAY İhsan
Published: May 2021

Kur’ân-ı Kerim’de pek çok ahkâm âyeti yer almaktadır. Umumiyetle bu ayetlere ilişkin illet ve sebebi akılla bilinebilen hükümler çoğunluktadır. Bunlar, hükmün delaletinin kuvvetine göre de kât’î ve zânnî şeklinde iki kısma ayrılmaktadır. Mezkûr özelliklerinden dolayı yer yer farklı yorumlandıkları görülmektedir. Ukûbât âyetleri, müeyyide niteliğine sahip olmalarıyla diğer âhkâm âyetlerinden farklıdır. Bu âyetlerin, ağır cezaî müeyyideler bildirmesi yanında Kur’ân’ın i‘câz, belâgat ve fesâhat gibi kendine özgü üslûplarıyla arz edilmeleri çok özel bir önemi haizdir. Bundan ötürü ahkâma ilişkin manaları, bu manaların geçtiği âyetin formundan bağımsız düşünmek mümkün değildir. Zira naslardaki lafızların delâlet ettikleri şer‘î hükmün ve maksatların bilinmesi, onların ifade ettikleri anlamların anlaşılmasına bağlıdır. Onun içindir ki hakikat, mecaz, sarih, kinâye ve benzeri belâgate dair mevzular fıkıh usûlü içerisinde de işlenmiştir. Ayrıca Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, mükemmel lafız, makul mana ve muktezâ-ı hâle uygun “elfâz-ı cezâle” ile “elfâz-ı rakîka“ üslûbunun güzel ahenginin sağlam ve akıcı sunumuna sahiptir. Bu, aynı zamanda hükümlerin illet ve hikmet dengesi gözetilerek belâğî bir üslupla serdedildiği ukûbâtı konu edinen âyetler özelinde de görülmektedir. Ukûbât âyetleri özelinde Kur’ân’ın mucizevi nazmının öne çıktığı âyet sayısı yaklaşık olarak otuz tanedir. Bunlar kısas, had ve diyet cezalarının esasını oluşturmaktadırlar. Kur’ân’daki tek bir harfin dahi gereksiz olmadığı hakikatinden hareketle konuya dair hükümlerin soyut birtakım hükümlerden ibaret olmadığını söylemek mümkündür. Dolayısıyla her âyetin cümle kurgusunu oluşturan öğelerin, ahenkli bir şekilde belli bir düzen ve diziliş içinde yer alarak fıkhî hükümlerle organik bir doku oluşturmuş ve onlara adeta ruh katmıştır. Oysa genel olarak hukukçuların hükümlerdeki illetlere daha fazla önem atfetmelerinden ötürü hukuk kurallarının ruhsuz bir ceset veya soğuk bir yüz olduğu yönünde genel bir kanaat hâkim olmuştur. Ancak bu, bir meselede hükümlerin illetlerini esas alarak; hükmün hikmeti, hükmün arzı, üslûbu ve belagati gibi unsurları birlikte işleyen İslam hukukunun ilk dayanağı Kur’ân-ı Kerim için isabetli bir yaklaşım olmasa gerek. Mezkûr unsurlar bütüncül bir perspektifle değerlendirildiğinde Kur’ân’daki hükümlerin aynı zamanda hikmet, rahmet ve şefkat vasıflarını da içinde barındırdığı görülecektir. Dolayısıyla Şâri‘ tarafından bu hükümlerin mükellef üzerindeki olumlu yönde yansımaları dikkate alınarak hikmetli bir şekilde vazedildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu da vazedilen hükümlerin kabulünü kolaylaştırmakta ve infazı durumunda vicdanlara itminan ve huzur vermektedir. Bu çalışmada ukûbât âyetleri, Kur’ân belâgati temelinde irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Böylece mezkûr âyetlerin vazettiği fıkhî hükümlerin içerdiği hikmet ve belâgat unsurlarını bir arada görmek ve değerlendirme imkânı olacaktır.
Marketing of port services in Colima, through electronic platforms of the Technological University of Manzanillo
Authors: Delgadillo-Partida Jorge , Vázquez-Zamudio Miriam Roxana , Zuazo-Solórzano Alma G. , Pérez-Romero Heriberto
Published: May 2021

Logistics, an activity as old as foreign trade, arose from the need and desire to consume products from other geographical areas, where various factors had to be coordinated to satisfy those requirements. Logistics evolved from being a routine and operational activity to something strategic, capable of generating competitive advantages that allow companies to differentiate themselves. In the search to generate and promote competitive advantages to meet the needs of users of the port of Manzanillo, it is important to develop new and better services for the most important container location in Mexico, helping to diversify the services provided. Another important factor, within this search for different services in a fast and reliable way with which such services can be available, will be the use of information and communication technologies (ICT's), using computer applications (APPs) designed to be executed in smart phones, tablets and other mobile devices. From the above, we are interested in developing an investigation through the implementation of an application that allows to identify and find companies in a fast and safe way, offering it to foreign people who need to find services related to direct and indirect activities that are provided in the port of Manzanillo, Colima. In the supply chain, the customer has become the most important part, aiming at their full satisfaction, providing the product or service they want at the right time, quickly and efficiently, i.e. in the context of total service and under strict quality standards.
The marketing mix in the MSEs of the municipalities of Santiago Ixcuintla, Tuxpan and Ruiz Nayarit
Authors: Villarreal-Bañuelos Erixander , Altamirano-Roldan Glafira , García-González Frasim
Published: May 2021

The growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Nayarit, as well as in the country has been increasing, however, due to the same characteristics of informal and unstructured conformation of these companies, they do not grow financially and most of them spend their time subsisting as micro businesses. That is why this analysis focuses on knowing if microentrepreneurs apply marketing strategies and if so, what kind of strategies do they implement to strengthen their businesses. The main purpose of this study are the MSEs of the municipalities of Santigo Ixcuintla, Tuxpan and Ruiz of the state of Nayarit, from which relevant information was obtained by applying surveys directly with the owners or directors of the companies, regarding the application of marketing strategies. As a result, we can observe that most entrepreneurs do not implement structured or formalized strategies, however, they develop basic strategies that meet customer satisfaction according to their market segment such as: product tests prior to their launch, the creation of brands so that their clients can identify them, pricing based on competition and development of credit strategies for their customers. They develop the most appropriate strategies according to the type of product, since they sell it directly to the final consumer and a considerable percentage consider selling to intermediaries. The implementation of promotional and advertising strategies is not clear; however, entrepreneurs express that they implement strategies that allow them to stay in the minds of consumers. This does not mean that the strategies are adequate or that they have favorable results in their entirety since they are not professionally structured.
Using playful methods to understand children’s digital literacies
Authors: Mertala Pekka
Published: May 2021

This chapter is the final for Section 3 and in many ways stands as an example of how many of the individual elements presented thus far in the book, can come together in a holistic way. This chapter demonstrates how we can adopt play, make it unique to the project and the children and still arrive at meaningful research data. This chapter describes a research project wherein 3- to 6-year-old Finnish children’s digital literacies were studied and supported via playful methods. The key theses this chapter advocates are:-The use of playful methods in early childhood education (ECE) research is one way to acknowledge and respect the characteristics of the research context.-The ambiguity of play should be acknowledged when planning, conducting, and evaluating playful research projects.-Studying and supporting children’s digital literacies do not always require digital devices.The chapter is structured as follows. First, a reflective discussion on the ambiguity of play and the use of playful methods as a context-sensitive research approach is presented. Then, an overview of the research project and its objectives are provided. In the end, three concrete examples of how the children’s digital literacy was studied and supported using playful methods are given.
INFORMACIÓN PREVENTIVA SOBRE HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL Y ESTILO DE VIDA, EN ADULTOS MAYORES DEL CENTRO DE SALUD LOS AQUIJES, ICA 2019
Authors: Huamán Vega Fátima Gregoria
Published: May 2021

El estudio tuvo por Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la información preventiva sobre hipertensión arterial y el estilo de vida en adultos mayores del Centro de Salud Los Aquijes, Ica 2019. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, diseño correlacional; muestra de estudio con 97 adultos mayores, aplicando la técnica de encuesta y un cuestionario validado por expertos. Resultados: Características sociodemográficas predominantes: Edad 60-65 años (52,6%), sexo femenino (66%), estado civil casado (37,1%), instrucción educativa secundaria (46,4%). El 30,9% sufre de hipertensión arterial y 69,1% no. Los adultos mayores tienen información preventiva global de nivel medio 64,9%, nivel bajo 18,6%, y nivel alto de información con 16,65%. Por dimensiones la información sobre conceptos generales de la hipertensión arterial, información sobre complicaciones, e información sobre cuidado-prevención, es en mayor proporción de nivel medio (69,1%, 50,5%, y 67% respectivamente). Globalmente los adultos mayores tienen un estilo de vida regular 72,1%, malo 15,5%, y bueno 12,4%. Por dimensiones el estilo de vida es regular en alimentación 60,8%, actividad física 74,2%, consumo de sustancias nocivas 80,4%, y responsabilidad por la salud 79,4%. No existe relación significativa entre la información preventiva y el estilo de vida que practican los adultos mayores del Centro de Salud Los Aquijes, Ica 2019, al encontrarse un valor p=0,080 según la prueba de Chi cuadrado (X2). Conclusiones: La información preventiva sobre hipertensión arterial es de nivel medio y el estilo de vida es regular. Se acepta la hipótesis nula, al no encontrar relación entre ambas variables.
El impacto que tiene el internet en los procesos educativos inclusivos desde la perspectiva del docente
Authors: Muñoz Yuli , Rojas Luz , Mosquera Luz
Published: May 2021

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue identificar el impacto que tiene el Internet en los procesos educativos inclusivos desde la perspectiva del docente de la Institución Educativa (I.E.) Nuestra Señora de La Macarena Meta en el año 2020. La metodología se basó en el enfoque cualitativo y diseño fenomenológico. La población definida estuvo conformada por 54 docentes de aula de la I.E. Nuestra Señora de La Macarena Meta, con edades entre los 26 y 65 años, utilizando como técnica e instrumento de recolección de información la aplicación de una entrevista semiestructurada compuesta por siete preguntas abiertas, a través de la cual se pretendió indagar sobre el impacto que tiene el Internet en los procesos educativos inclusivos desde la perspectiva del docente. Los resultados obtenidos de manera global reflejan que el municipio de La Macarena presenta deficiente conectividad de Internet, lo que no ha favorecido totalmente el uso de este en los procesos educativos inclusivos. Concluyendo finalmente, que el impacto que tiene el Internet en los procesos educativos inclusivos desde la perspectiva del docente fue positivo, debido a que, a pesar de las dificultades de conexión, permitió darles continuidad a dichos procesos en la institución educativa.
LIFE DEDICATED TO STUDY THE TRADITIONAL UDMURT CULTURE: ON THE SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ETHNOLOGIST TATIANA GILNIYAKHMETOVNA MINNIYAKHMETOVA
Authors: Shutova Nadezhda Ivanovna
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the anniversary of Tatyana Gilnyakhmetovna Minniyakhmetova, the prominent ethnologist and Candidate of Historical Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy, Excellence in Public Education of the RSFSR (Moscow, 1987). The author focuses on her formation stages as a researcher, her scientific, popularizing and organizational activities and her contribution to the study of Udmurt traditional culture. During the period of the scientific research T. Minniyakhmetova published eight single author and multi-author monographs and more than two hundred articles in Udmurt traditional culture. Her research works are in demand by the professional academic community and universities, and researchers of the Higher School, and by everyone who is interested in the culture and history of the Udmurt people. She has organized and conducted more than seventy folkloristic-ethnographic and folkloristic-dialectological expeditions, the geography of which in addition to the Trans-Kama region and Udmurt Republic which covers the neighbouring territories of the Volga and Ural area, as well as some regions of Siberia. T. Minniyakhmetova has collected the solid bank of information on ethnography, culture and life of the Udmurts as well as other ethnic groups of the Volga-Ural region. There is the large fund of photographic materials, video and audio recordings in her collection. The name of the Udmurt ethnologist is known not only in Russia, but also outside of the country. The Udmurt origin and her experiences of tendencies of European ethnology allow T. Minniyakhmetova to act both as a researcher who knows ethnic culture from the inside and in the context of the development of modern ethnic processes. Through her scientific and teaching activities, she contributes to the wide popularization of Udmurt ethnography and folklore in the European and global scientific community. According to the traditional concepts of the Udmurts, Tatiana Minniyakhmetova developed anthropological theories on ethnic self-consciousness, concepts of ritual and doubled ritual time, peculiarities of the orientation in space (spacial intimacy and spacial contradiction), real and symbolic boundaries, the concept of clean/pure and unclean/impure, the birth of life and the creation of souls, interactive methods of communication between the living and the dead, methodology of field researches.
NOUN DERIVATION IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE KIROV PERMYAKS
Authors: Sazhina Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2021

The article describes the noun derivation system of one of the lesser-studied idioms of the Komi-Permyak language. The main focus is on the morphological means of expressing the categories of number, possessiveness and case. The paper analyzes the peculiarities of forming plurals, considers the secondary meanings of the plural marker, identifies the number of grammatical categories of possessiveness and case, describes each item of the case paradigm in terms of morphological formation, and reveals the features of the possessive declension. The empirical base of the research includes language materials collected by the author in her dialectology expeditions to the area where the Kirov Permyaks resided. Linguistic materials are analyzed and interpreted in the context of the Komi language dialectic landscape. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the noun derivation in the idiom in question is characterized by simplification and shows great similarity with the southern Zyryan dialects in its main features.
TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TuVA
Authors: Biche-ool T.N.
Published: May 2021

The assessment of territorial differentiation of anthropogenic transformation of the Republic of Tuva based on methods of geoinformation technologies, historical geography and methods of A. G. Isachenko using data from the Federal register of land categories and types of land, statistical data of the Federal state statistics service, reports of the Ministry of fuel and energy, the Ministry of economy of the Republic of Tuva, was carried out. A total of 17 districts and 2 urban districts were studied. The results of the study reflect the spatial characteristics of the impact of the population and its economic activities on the territory of the Republic of Tuva. Studies have shown that the state of modern landscapes of the Republic of Tuva is characterized mainly by low anthropogenic transformation, against which there are pockets of territories with high anthropogenic transformation - 2 urban districts, which is a consequence of the predominance of mountain terrain; difficult transport accessibility of the Republic; low population density and its extremely uneven settlement; high proportion of land occupied by forests (up to 60 %); inaccessibility of most mineral deposits. Currently, the transformation of the landscapes of the Republic of Tuva, including in high-altitude areas, is affected by the predominance of agricultural land, which occupies up to 32 % of the total area.
STATE OF CENOPOPULATIONS OF SOME RARE SPECIES OF PLANTS OF SAMARA REGION iN THE TERRITORY OF NATURE MONUMENT OF REGIONAL IMPORTANCE "SERNOVODNY SHIKHAN"
Authors: Zenkina T.E. , Il'ina V.N.
Published: May 2021

The condition of cenopopulations of four rare species ( Artemisia salsoloides , Hedysarum grandiflorum , Oxytropis floribunda , Stipa korshinskyi ) in the petrophytic steppes of the High Zavolzh'yе (High Transvolga, Samara region) was studied on the basis of the regularities of their spatial and ontogenetic structure. The data were processed using the software package R, which allows us to perform calculations of spatial statistics. Thus, stationarity, isotropy, and intensity of plant objects location were evaluated. The mosaic distribution of individuals of all species recorded within the boundaries of the study area was characterized. Using local density maps, the sparseness of individuals on the outskirts of the model site, caused by cattle grazing, was revealed. The behavior of the Ripley's function showed an independent distribution of species as a consequence of weak interspecies competition. The spatial pattern and age spectrum of the studied rare protected dominant species were analyzed. The absence of seedlings and senile plants due to exposure to unfavorable factors of exogenous nature was noted. The im-v and g states were the most numerous. In accordance with the behavior of the K(r) function, the random placement of the four predominant species was revealed, indicating their optimal location within the study area. Patterns of mutual placement of pregenerative and generative individuals of Artemisia salsoloides, Hedysarum grandiflorum, and Oxytropis floribunda were studied. Calculation of the Ripley's cross-function showed that individuals of different age groups of the described species are located independently from each other, demonstrating the absence of intraspecific competition. Undoubtedly, the spatial distribution of individuals of the plant species composing the phytocenosis is influenced both by grazing and by the features of the soil cover of the site, which is manifested by significant elimination of plants at the initial stages of ontogenesis. Nevertheless, the cenopopulations of rare species are stable, mature and promising, and the individuals are distributed in an optimal way that minimizes energy costs.
CLIMATIC AND PHENOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MODERN WARMING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC (A CASE STUDY OF IZHEVSK)
Authors: Adakhovskiy D.A.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of the assessment of the dynamics of climatic and phenological indicators from the point of view of the processes of modern climate warming in the territory of Izhevsk (Udmurt Republic). It is established that the pronounced warming trend has been manifested since 1988, taking an unambiguous character since the 2000s. Relative to the base period of 1961-1990, the average annual air temperature in Izhevsk increased from 2.5 °C to 3.3 °C for the climatic period of 1991-2020. The main increase in temperatures can be traced in the cold season, in the winter months, at the beginning of the calendar spring and in the second half of autumn. According to the data presented, the duration of the periods with temperatures of 0, 5 and 10 °C changed upwards by 12, 12 and 6 days, respectively. The average long-term sum of active temperatures above 10 °C for the period 1991-2020 was 2160.9 °C, corresponding to the values of the indicator of the biological efficiency of the climate in the area of the ecological optimum of the functioning of zonal landscapes of the temperate zone. When comparing the current timing of the onset of phenological phenomena in Izhevsk with the period of the 50s-70s of the XX century, their advance by 4-10 days for the spring and summer seasons and a delay of 9-10 days in autumn-winter conditions was established. This affected the change in the length of the seasons with an increase in spring, summer and autumn by 1, 10 and 6 days, respectively, and a shortening of winter by 17 days.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF BIOETHICAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Puzyreva L.O. , Zhdanova S.Yu.
Published: May 2021

This article presents a theoretical analysis of the history of the formation and existence of a relatively new branch of scientific knowledge - bioethics - at the present stage of its development. Different approaches to the definition of the causes and prerequisites for the emergence of bioethics are analyzed. The key events of the social, moral, ethical and scientific life of society that have influenced the emergence and identification of the direction of bioethics are indicated. The relevance and importance of bioethics in the modern world is demonstrated. The authors of the article have analyzed existing materials on this problem and identified a number of significant problems, the solution of which is currently being addressed by researchers of bioethical issues of our time. Moreover, the article presents a theoretical analysis of such important concepts of bioethics as bioethical consciousness, bioethical upbringing and education. The main and most important functions of bioethical consciousness are highlighted. It is shown that bioethical upbringing and education is becoming extremely important today for the training of highly qualified specialists of any profile.
CHRONOPOLITICS AS A POLITICAL ONTOLOGY OF TIME (BIOPOLITICAL ASPECT)
Authors: Popov D.V. , Polyakova N.B. , Shadrin A.A. , Yarkeev A.V.
Published: May 2021

The work of the 7th round table «Philosophy: Hermeneutics of Concepts» is devoted to bio- and chronopolitics. Biopolitics as a powerful organization of the population’s life in the forms of medicalization, normalization and regulation has a direct impact on the biological life of the human. However, this does not mean that bio-power solves the problem of «nature versus nurture» exclusively in favor of human nature. Bio-power also seeks to design the human environment. Biopolitical tools of influence on social time can be designated by the concept of chronopolitics. Chronopolitics, being an integral part of the whole biopolitical impact on a person, appears in the forms of permanent intensification of time; metaphysical interpretation of time, which has political and legal consequences; interpretation of history, in the hermeneutic circle of which the rewriting of the past implies the goal of forming an affective post-memory, which allows us to reconstruct the present and to form trends corresponding to the image of the future bio-power. Chronopolitics accelerates social time and, by contributing to the formation of mega-machine structures that meet the teleology of bio-power, carries increasing risks for human civilization.
PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT AND SCIENTIFIC DONATION IN ADAPTIVE-PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY IN THE SYSTEM OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
Authors: Konovalov S.V. , Kozyrev N.A. , Kozyreva O.A.
Published: May 2021

The article describes the possibility of using an adaptive-productive approach in regulating and theorizing the quality of creating demanded products of an individual’s activity and new professional and pedagogical knowledge. In the structure of adaptive-productive personality development in the system of continuing education, the basics of clarifying the quality of the use of pedagogical support and scientific donation are highlighted, which is due to the humanization and age-related development of personality in socially, professionally and personality-oriented environments. The foundations and models of communication and concretization of the quality of solving the problems of pedagogical support and scientific donation in the development of personality in the system of continuing education are determined. The concept of “scientific donation” has been clarified from the perspective of traditional and innovative pedagogy. In traditional pedagogy, broad, narrow, and local meanings are allocated for theorizing the foundations of scientific donation. In innovative pedagogy - adaptively productive, creatively productive, synergetic, unified meanings are used. The selection of methods and forms of organization of scientific donation in the system of continuing education is disclosed. The functions of pedagogical support and scientific donation are systematically detailed in the description, as well as the principles for implementing the ideas of pedagogical support and scientific donation, pedagogical conditions for increasing the effectiveness of pedagogical support and scientific donation in adaptively productive personality development in the system of continuing education. Prospects for the development of the idea of pedagogical support and scientific donation in adaptively productive personality development in the system of continuing education are determined.
Las relaciones públicas en las aulas
Authors: Caldevilla Domínguez David
Published: May 2021

Como es sabido, son innumerables los ángulos de estudio que han observado y diseccionado el fenómeno de las RRPP. Formando un cuerpo de teoría amplio y tamizado, capaz de suscitar el interés del alumnado que ejerce una primera aproximación a esta rama de la socio-comunicación. Estos estudiantes son el público al que hemos de dirigirnos los educadores en ciencias de la información.
Racionalidad y lenguaje
Authors: Gaona Pisonero Carmen
Published: May 2021

Este texto integra una visión lineal de los giros lingüísticos estableciendo entre ellos un nexo de conexión: el lugar que ocupa o el papel que desempeña la razón en ellos, pese a la aparente necesaria ausencia de ésta en el lenguaje, desde una perspectiva wittgensteniana. Tomamos por tanto como eje temático lenguaje simbólico versus razón, para entender cómo actúa o cómo está en aparente ausencia la razón en el giro lingüístico analítico, en el giro pragmático, en el giro hermenéutico y en el giro pragmático- trascendental. Los frutos de dicha reflexión repercutirán en nuestra comprensión como seres comunicativos y por ende como seres culturales, desde una perspectiva comunicativa de la cultura.
Comunicación audiovisual y la necesidad de ampliar su difusión.
Authors: García Jiménez Jesús
Published: May 2021

La Comunicación audiovisual tiene una importancia creciente en nuestra sociedad. Cada pocos años nuevas formas, nuevas plataformas y nuevas ideas surgen para que la estimulación electrónica y video-sonora se inserte un poco más en la vida cotidiana del individuo, lo que sin duda lleva al auge de la selección individualizada de contenidos. Sin embargo esta importancia social no va acompañada de un aumento de su presencia, de su importancia como tal disciplina en el ámbito académico pre-universitario. Un periodo esencial para preparar a las generaciones venideras ante el bombardeo de estímulos al que van a ser sometidos durante toda su vida, de forma que puedan entender mejor el lenguaje empleado en estos medios y la intención con la que se utiliza. Ello no es sino consecuencia de una serie de males endémicos tanto de la producción científica como de la política educativa y los elementos relacionados intrínsecamente con la forma en que las instituciones universitarias -depositarias del conocimiento y los medios humanos (que no económicos) para remediar la situación- han sido administradas en las últimas décadas. La investigación en comunicación audiovisual debe racionalizarse para no perder esfuerzos en un bosque inacabable de iniciativas brillantes pero de escaso recorrido y aún menor efecto global.
El papel del profesional de las relaciones públicas en la administración de la controversia pública
Authors: Solano Fleta Luis
Published: May 2021

Este artículo pretende determinar el papel que desempeña el profesional de las Relaciones Públicas en la denominada controversia pública, donde se hallan involucradas las principales razones nucleares de la profesión, pese a que se ha avanzado poco en la comprensión conceptual de esta y de sus profesionales. Además, buscamos definir este papel debido al creciente grado de polémica social suscitada por los acontecimientos políticos, que ha llevado a una comprensión deficiente del papel de los gabinetes de prensa y de sus trabajadores desde el punto de vista las definiciones tradicionales de Relaciones públicas. De esta forma dejaremos determinadas las funciones de dichos departamentos, en comparación con gabinetes o instituciones que hayan podido ser considerados equivalentes en funciones, y cuya descripción resulta en confusión conceptual perjudicial para las labores de estudio académico y profesional. Estableceremos igualmente las analogías laborales adecuadas, pertinentes para la comprensión global de la materia, y la definición correcta de controversia pública en su relación con el de opinión pública y sus implicaciones actuales, así como la forma en la que el profesional de la comunicación debe percibir estos elementos para satisfacer sus obligaciones.
La libertad de expresión y el periodista: su protección
Authors: Barberá González Rafael
Published: May 2021

El rol que desempeñan los medios de comunicación debe conducir al fin último de una mejor convivencia entre los seres humanos siempre bajo el techo de los parámetros de libertad, igualdad, justicia y solidaridad que son necesarios. El que las sociedades avancen hacia un mejor y más alto nivel de democracia depende en buena medida de lo que sepan expresar esos medios de comunicación. La responsabilidad social de los informadores debe quedar patente en cada una de sus actuaciones para que de esa manera se pueda contribuir a un mayor desarrollo, social y educativo de las poblaciones a las que se dirigen.
Sello autorial: el caso spielbergiano como ejemplo definitorio de estilema
Authors: Caldevilla Domínguez David
Published: May 2021

Este artículo tiene pretende ahondar en el concepto de sello autorial o estilema, focalizado en Steven Spielberg como director. A partir de ese punto estableceremos un modelo de análisis para diseccionar la obra del director, con particular atención a las películas de la saga "Indiana Jones". Tomándola como referencia, procuraremos probar que Focalizando sobre ella intentaremos demostrar que existe un sello autorial propio Spielberg; visible en todos sus trabajos, inclusive las más personales de sus películas. Dado el fuerte componente de análisis textual de lo cinematográfico que requiere esta investigación, resulta igualmente importante de cara a una labor completa, visionar las cintas en las que el autor analizado ha intervenido como productor o director; puesto que pretendemos diseccionar pormenorizadamente cada detalle ateñente a la creatividad autorial que pueda observarse en ellas. Semejante análisis tendría que contemplar para sus conclusiones, todas las consideraciones icónicas y sonoras pertinentes al medio de manifestación artística y creativa en el que se desenvuelve Spielberg. Dicho análisis textual y audiovisual debería ayudarnos a segregar los elementos primarios relevantes para determinar las marcas de estilo. Lo que a su vez nos permitirá aislar aquellos que constituyen el estilema particular del director norteamericano. Todo ello centrará los objetivos de nuestra investigación.