bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of spatial features of pollution of rivers in the south-eastern part of the Kaliningrad Region
Authors: Spirin Yuri , Zotov Sergey , Taran Veronika , Koroleva Yulia
Published: November 2023

The rivers of the south-eastern part of the Kaliningrad region: Angrapa, Pissa, Krasnaya, Russkaya are highly vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic impacts, have the first and highest category of fishery purposes, and are distinguished by their transboundary status. Monitoring of the ecological state of watercourses is fragmentary and does not meet modern requirements. In connection with the noted features, they are of great interest for research. For each watercourse, 4 points were identified from the headwaters to the mouth, in which hydrological parameters were measured in the autumn hydrological season and water samples were taken for chemical analysis. The multiplicity of exceeding the MPC for a large list of chemical elements was calculated, the WPI and the corresponding class of water quality in the studied rivers were determined. Mapping was carried out and spatial differentiation of the WPI, the multiplicity of exceeding the MPC for dissolved oxygen, BOD5, nitrites, ammonium, iron, oil products was revealed. The results of the study showed that the water quality in the studied rivers is in an unsatisfactory state. The identified spatial pollution is formed in the traditional way—the quality of water from the source to the mouth is deteriorating. The main indicator that contributes to the pollution of watercourses is oil products, which emphasizes the potential anthropogenic impact (the multiplicity of exceeding the MPC varies in a wide range—from 2.80 to 124.60 (for all samples)). Sharp changes in this indicator occur after watercourses pass through large cities by the standards of the study area. In second place is the iron index, which makes a serious contribution to the overall picture of pollution (excess ratios for iron—from 1.94 to 48.49 (for all samples)), which is due to the high concentrations of this ingredient in the groundwater that feeds the rivers. Biogenic pollutants represented by ammonium and nitrite are evenly distributed, which is presumably due to their agricultural origin (from 1.12 to 11.28 times for ammonium [for 5 out of 16 samples] and from 1.38 to 7.38 for nitrite [for 7 out of 16 samples]).
Information resources for assessing the environmental potential of geosystems (on the example of the territory of the Yenisei North)
Authors: Vysotskaya Anna , Medvedkov Alexey
Published: November 2023

The experience of using open data to create thematic maps for the territory of the Yenisey Siberia on the most important components of the ecological assessment of landscapes is considered. An assessment of the ecologically significant properties of landscapes, revealing their environmental role, is the basis for substantiating the protection of nature and ethnoecosystems in the face of increasing anthropogenic impact. In this regard, the possibilities of using geospatial data for solving problems of this type in the boreal cryolithozone (on the example of the territory of the Yenisei Siberia) are discussed. To achieve this goal, taking into account the availability of open data, the most informative indicators (continuity and temperature of permafrost, net primary production, latent heat flux, uniformity of the habitat of plants and animals) characterizing the ecologically significant properties of the landscape were selected. The permafrost continuity characteristics determine not only the inertia of the state of permafrost landscapes under external influences, but also the potential for the activity of cryogenic processes. The temperature of frozen rocks diagnoses the nature of the response of permafrost geosystems to climatic influences. The environmental protection potential of landscapes is estimated using the combined accounting of net primary production and latent heat flux. Bioproduction characteristics make it possible to compare territories in terms of their vulnerability to external influences and their ability to recover. The calculated values of the latent heat flux largely indicate the homeostatic function of forests. The homogeneity of the habitat of plants and animals is considered as an indirect indicator of the diversity of natural resource conditions for traditional nature management. Mapping of geocryological conditions was made using vector data presented in the information system “Land Resources of Russia”. Processed data from the MODIS spectroradiometer were used to create maps of net primary production and latent heat fluxes. Mapping of the homogeneity of biogeocenotic conditions was made based on the results of calculating statistical patterns in the distribution of the improved vegetation index (EVI) from the Global Habitat Heterogeneity database. The results of comparing the homogeneity of biogeocenotic conditions with the geomorphological features of the region under study are considered. The inconsistency of the conclusions obtained solely on the basis of the analysis of geospatial data without involving the results of field studies is shown. The difficulties of using geospatial data for landscape-ecological analysis of territories with a layered relief structure (the Central Siberian Plateau, the Yenisei Ridge, etc.) are discussed.
Principles of implementation of the ESG agenda as part of geoportals
Authors: Zatolokin Alexander , Petrov Yuriy
Published: November 2023

The balanced socio-economic development of the Territory, its enterprises and society as a whole is largely based on non-financial criteria laid down in the basis of the ESG agenda. Environmental protection, social and managerial vectors of the development of the business community and the territory today are represented as part of geoportals, while the very diversity of available solutions and their aggregates have a diverse format, both in the Russian regions and abroad. The purpose of the study: to develop mechanisms for information geoportal support of ESG-strategizing for regional development. Research objectives is to consider foreign and domestic experience in the implementation of geoportals within the ESG strategy; to analyze the state of state information resources for the purposes of ESG in the model region; and to identify priority ESG development goals for the model region. The object of the study, on the example of which the simulation of the results was performed, is the territory of the Tyumen region (without autonomous districts). The subject of the study was the organization of environmental monitoring in the region for the purposes of the ESG agenda. Research methods: spatial-temporal representation of geodata and comparative. According to the results of comparison of geoportal solutions in the Russian Federation and abroad, a differentiated assessment of functional solutions of geoportals under the principles of the ESG agenda was performed. The advantages of implementing Chinese geoportals focused on interactive representation of the territory for the considered specialization are noted. Using the example of the Tyumen Region (without autonomous districts), geoportals functioning for territorial communities of people at the regional and federal levels are considered, their comparison with domestic and foreign analogues is carried out. Based on the results of the study, mechanisms for presenting information as part of geoportals for ESG tasks are proposed: 1) integration of existing geoinformation resources in one regional geoportal display window with the possibility of regulated connection; 2) displaying meta-information in the data that allows the user to navigate the parameters of the information value of the data; 3) displaying for each territorial social system of the region its unique ecological, social and managerial characteristics, taking into account the synthesis of globalization and localization for a specific territorial community of people (introduction of glocalization).
Activity of geomorphological processes on the slopes of river valleys in the conditions of gas-hydrothermal occurrences (based on multi-temporal images and DEM analysis)
Authors: Baldina Elena , Lebedeva Ekaterina , Anikina Nadezhda
Published: November 2023

In the geothermal zones of modern volcanic areas, geomorphological processes are considerably influenced by numerous gas-hydrothermal outcrops, which may dramatically change rock properties and, consequently, denudation peculiarities and rates. The activity of processes on the slopes of Kamchatka river valleys under conditions of gas-hydrothermal occurrences (Geysernaya river valley) and without them (Shumnaya river valley) has been studied and comparatively analyzed. For the most correct separation and comparison of the valley regions which differ in the conditions of development of the modern slope processes, ArcticDEM digital elevation model and a series of morphometric maps (slope steepness, exposition, elementary watersheds) built on its basis, as well as geological maps, results of thermal survey of different detail level and field observation data were used. Interpretation of high spatial resolution images (0.5–5 m) for the mid-1960s (KeyHole-4 CORONA) and modern images for the period 2016–2021 from different survey systems was carried out. As a result of decoding, quantitative assessments of slope conditions within the selected valley fragments selected on the basis of morphometry were obtained for two time slices separated by 55 years. It is established that under conditions of gas-hydrothermal manifestations development, the share of the total area of the slope’s sections affected by active processes, with other conditions being equal, is significantly higher than the same in the areas without gas-hydrotherms. For 55 years the share of the areas with slope processes activation on the background areas practically has not changed, and on the territories affected by gas-hydrothermal influence has increased by 10–17 %. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that gas-hydrothermal manifestations are the most powerful driver of modern geomorphological processes on slopes in the studied region.
Automated mapping of faults in the area of Poyasok Isthmus (Sakhalin) by remote sensing data
Authors: Melkiy Vyacheslav , Kuptsova Olesya , Verkhoturov Alexey
Published: November 2023

Automated mapping of disturbances in the earth’s crust allows you to quickly identify areas of development of dangerous geological processes, and to determine the measures that should be taken to organize the safe operation of extended linear structures (roads and railways, pipelines, power lines) that run through areas with difficult natural conditions. The main trigger mechanism causing the activation of dangerous geological processes is displacements in zones of active faults in the earth’s crust. Monitoring the state of fault zones and timely detection of manifestations of hazardous processes are urgent tasks for ensuring the sustainable development of regional infrastructure. The area of the Poyasok isthmus (Sakhalin Island) was chosen as the object of research, along the territory of which there are automobile and railway roads, power lines, and the main pipeline of the Sakhalin-2 project was laid along the isthmus coast. Lineament analysis of space images and SRTM data using the LEFA software package by binary morphological erosion method to highlight boundaries, as well as made selection long lines by performing mathematical operations using Canny algorithms, with subsequent Hough transformations, were carried out to identify faults of research territory. The obtained intermediate data were processed using the tools of the QGIS software package and made it possible to compile a map of disjunctive disturbances for the area under study. Lineament analysis made it possible to identify faults that bound the block megastructure of the Poyasok isthmus from the north and south. The saddle of Poyasok isthmus separates the large Central Sakhalin and South Sakhalin segments of the Hokkaido-Sakhalin system of island uplifts. Structures of the Central-Kamyshovy and South-Kamyshovy lifted megablocks (3 orders) in the West-Sakhalin Mountains adjoin directly to the saddle. The southern part of the Central-Kamyshovy mega-uplift is represented by a series of uplifts separated by narrow depressions bounded by faults. The number of uplifts increases with the distance to the north from the Poyasok isthmus. The northern part of the South-Kamyshovy mega-uplift is divided by faults of the northern-east strike into block structures. The obtained data are suitable for performing detailed seismic zoning.
Analisis Teori Darwin Ditinjau dari Konsep Waktu
Authors: Karmana I Wayan
Published: November 2023

The development of a science cannot be separated from the development of technology, as well as the development of the theory of evolution as a branch of pure biology which studies the existence of changes in the structure of living creatures which until now continues to experience development. This article uses a literature review approach by examining Darwin's theory of evolution based on the philosophy of science in the study of past, present and future time. Darwin's theory is striking in the excellence of its findings, such as the development of empirical data on an organism, even though it has had many controversies in the development of its science. The results of the study and analysis show that Darwin's theory of evolution can still be used today and is compatible with other existing theories.
Interference of Seizure Disorders on Motor Functions, Coordination and Balance in Wistar Rats
Authors: Obiandu Adesua C. , Davies Koofreh G. , Ekpenyong Christopher E. , Obiandu Chibuike , Okari Karibo
Published: November 2023

Chronic recurrent seizures is a characteristic feature of epilepsy. It is a chronic neurological condition, usually resulting in unpredictable, unprovoked recurrent seizures that affect a variety of mental and physical functions. Some motor functions appear vulnerable to these seizure disorders. This study investigated the neurobehavioural analysis of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure on motor balance, coordination in Wistar rats. The study was done in two phases: acute (14days) and chronic (28days). A total of twenty adult Wistar rats weighing between 90-120g were used for each phase of study. The rats were divided into four (4) groups (1-4, n=5). PTZ was administered intraperitoneally to the PTZ treated groups one (1) week before the neurobehavioral experiments commenced. Group 1 (control) received distilled water; groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered with subconvulsive doses of PTZ (25mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 35mg/kg) respectively at alternate days (48 hourly) until kindling was achieved. The study evaluated neurobehavioural parameters using Rotarod test (RT) and Handgrip test (HT). In both tests, the time latencies were significantly (P<0.05) reduced and worsened with time, when test groups were compared to control either in acute or chronic phase study. The results from the current study on the effects of the chemoculvosant seizures on motor functions, coordination and balance shows that severity and chronicity of seizures caused a deficit in motor coordination and balance. In conclusion, seizure disorder disrupts motor activities.
The Role of Profitability, Company Size, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Inventory Intensity on Potential Tax Avoidance
Authors: Dirman Angela , Utami Siska Widia
Published: November 2023

Tax avoidance is an action to minimize the tax burden with efforts by taxpayers that do not violate applicable laws. Tax avoidance in this research is measured using the formula statutory rate of tax – effective tax rate. Profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA), company size is measured by Ln Total Assets, corporate social responsibility uses the GRI-Standards measurement, Inventory intensity uses the measurement of total inventory divided by total assets. The research objective to be achieved in this research is to provide understanding and knowledge to the public, especially the government, management, investors and creditors regarding the role of profitability, company size, corporate social responsibility, and inventory intensity on potential tax avoidance and can be used as a reference for future researchers as well as reference for stakeholders (management, investors, creditors and government) in making relevant and reliable decisions. This research uses manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector with the research year 2018-2022 which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as research objects. The total sample was 105 samples using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis techniques used are Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Classical Assumption Test, Hypothesis Test, and Linear Regression Test. Based on the analysis results, it was found that profitability has a positive effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, company size, corporate social responsibility and inventory intensity have no effect on tax avoidance.
Experience of Prevalence of Thyroid Carcinoma in Thyroid Swelling
Authors: Saha Bashudeb Kumar , Reza I.M. Hashim , Hossen Md. Iqbal
Published: November 2023

Objective: In this study our main goal is to observe the experience of prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in thyroid swelling. Method: This retrospective study was carried out at tertiary hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh from July, 2021 to December 2022. Total 95 patients with thyroid swelling with normal thyroid hormone profile undergoing thyroidectomy were included as a sample population. Results: Among the 95 patients highest 23 (24.21%) patients age was (31-40) years. highest 55 (58%) patients were female and 40 (42%) patients were male. highest 42 (44%) patients had Only thyroid swelling and similar 42 (44%) patients had both thyroid+Lymph node enlargement. patients highest 90 (95%) patients had local metastatic and only 5 (5%) had distant metastatic. 58.95% had no complication on surgery. Conclusion: From our study we can say that, both the initial treatment and follow-up should be individualized according to prognostic indicators and any subsequent evidence of disease.
Overlapping Waves Strategy and Its Impact on Entrepreneurial Motivation
Authors: Saleh Ahmed Makki
Published: November 2023

Abstract  The study aims to test the effect of the independent variable (overlapping waves strategy) and the effect of its implications on the dependent variable (entrepreneurial motivation), for a sample of employees in the Ministry of Interior (the Ministry’s Agency for Administrative and Financial Affairs), represented by (general directors, directorate directors, and department directors), adults. Their number was (160) individuals, as the total study population amounted to (230) individuals. The (analytical exploratory approach) was adopted, and the (questionnaire) was the main tool for this, in addition to some personal interviews according to the requirements of the need for the study. A number of statistical methods were used, represented by analysis Confirmatory construct validity, the Pearson correlation coefficient, to measure the type and degree of relationship between the study variables, structural reliability analysis of the measurement tool (Cronbach's Alpha), and simple and multiple effect testing (structural equation modeling SEM), to determine differences in the sample answers, a set of The most important results are the presence of a positive correlation and a positive effect of the role of the overlapping waves strategy on entrepreneurial motivation.
MONITORING THE QUALITY OF CLEAN WATER TREATMENT IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANT FILTRATION UNIT USING THE BACKWASH METHOD
Authors: Halim Abdul , Fatah Ryan Nur
Published: November 2023

Water for an industry is a supporting material for both direct and indirect activities to support several systems. Requirements for the quality of water used in industry vary depending on its intended use. Water that comes from nature generally does not meet the necessary requirements so it must undergo a processing process first. Raw water sources play a very important role in the clean water industry. Raw water is the beginning of a process in the supply and treatment of clean water. Water Treatment Plant (WTP) or Water Treatment Plant (IPA) is a system/facility that functions to treat water from contaminated raw (influent) water to obtain the desired water quality treatment according to quality standards. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treated water quality and backwash effectiveness by comparing the values of chemical and physical parameters before and after the backwash process in the filtration process unit of a clean water treatment plant. After conducting the tests, it was concluded that the backwash process is very effective in maximizing the performance of a filtration process unit. The effective value of acidity (pH) is (0-5)%, hardness and turbidity is (40-50)%, total dissolved solid (TDS) is (5-10)% and conductivity is (10-20)%. This also shows that the quality of the water tested has met the quality standards in accordance with Permenkes No. 492 of 2010.
IDENTIFICATION OF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL LAPTOP TABLE PRODUCTS BY PAYING ATTENTION TO CUSTOMER VOICES
Authors: Hutapea Mei Fitri , Noor Asep Mohamad
Published: November 2023

Products circulating in the market either in the form of goods or services to facilitate the daily life of consumers. A good product is a product that meets the needs and desires of consumers so that it can function optimally. Multifunctional laptop desk products are widely used by students or students to make it easier to do tasks such as writing, typing with a laptop, and so on. A multifunctional laptop table has several functions, namely placing the laptop or doing tasks without using a laptop, and also has several features such as a laptop cooling fan which is useful for keeping the laptop's temperature normal when the laptop is used. The voices of consumers include consumers who want multifunctional laptop desk products to be made in rectangular shape, products made of MDF wood, the size of the product is medium with a size of 60cm x 40cm x 30cm, products are made of strong materials and multifunctional laptop table products that will be made have additional features Cooler, Usb Port, and Drawer.
MEDO DA COVID-19 E SOFRIMENTO PSICOLÓGICO MEDIADO PELA DEPENDÊNCIA NO SMARTPHONE
Authors: Santos Laurany Barbosa , Cunha Laís Renata Lopes da , Santos Zabelle Cabral dos , Silva Ana Carolina Martins Monteiro , Silva Paulo Gregório Nascimento da , Medeiros Paloma Cavalcante Bezerra de , Medeiros Emerson Diógenes de
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo objetiva analisar o medo da COVID-19 e os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse mediados pela dependência no smartphone e verificar a correlação entre as variáveis. Participaram do estudo 423 participantes (Midade = 25,47; DP = 8,63) angariados pelo método de amostragem não probabilística, em sua maioria do sexo feminino (56,3%), que responderam aos instrumentos Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale e questionário sociodemográfico, tendo sido a coleta de dados realizada de forma online. Os modelos de mediações demonstraram a contribuição do medo da COVID-19 e da dependência no smartphone nas sintomatologias de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, além dos achados indicaram correlações positivas e significativas entre todas as variáveis do estudo. Conclui-se que a experiência de uma pandemia vivenciada numa sociedade da informação aumentou hábitos de uso da tecnologia durante o isolamento pandêmico que acentuaram os níveis de depressão, ansiedade e estresse.
Methodological design of implementation of financial decentralization in the practice of regional development modernization
Authors: Kharchenko Yuliya P.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the relationship between the process of financial decentralization and the stability of the development function of regional economic systems based on the interdependence of these components of social transformation. After all, the motivational determinism of local finances activates the process of creating new jobs through the formation of the investment attractiveness of a particular region, the innovative progress of broad segments of the population, and the coordination of business, society, and subnational public authorities. The article reveals that the revival of the economy at the spatial level should be based primarily on the activation of innovative activities in the production and infrastructure sectors. Despite the decentralization of power functions, institutional bottlenecks, and the challenges and threats of decentralization, we believe that inclusiveness is quite high and is not conditioned by state regulation. The article states that the strengthening of the role of territorial communities gives rise to the need to reassess the place and function of each region in the coordinate system of the economic space, which must make institutional decisions that provide conditions for further development. Decentralization opens huge opportunities for the development of clusters of agro-industrial parks but provides an inclusive way for the development of the spatial economy, leveling the existing asymmetry and ensuring decent working and living conditions for the rural population. Proof of this is the EU agro-industrial complex, which convincingly confirms that land management within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy of the third millennium means much more than food security and export growth, as this cannot be achieved without the simultaneous inclusiveness of sustainable development. A sound strategy for the development of a single national land community through the creation of industrial complexes and the integration of regional economic systems will allow us to move away from budgetary materialism to a paradigmatic strategy of financing spatial development and economic accumulation.
Factors influencing innovative development and inventive activity: experience of eu member countries
Authors: Polyakova Yuliya V. , Shayda Oksana Ye. , Stepanov Andriy V.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of factors influencing innovative development and inventive activity in EU member states. It clarifies the changes in Ukraine’s positions in international rankings including the Global Innovation Index, and the Global Startup Ecosystem Index. The authors havehighlighted the main problems of creating and using inventions in Ukraine and outlined the modern model of commercialization of scientific and technical developments that was formed in the world market. A set of measures applied to increase the level of innovativeness in the European practice is given. To identify the main factors influencing the inventive activity of the EU member states and to assess the nature of such influence, the apparatus of correlation-regression analysis was used. Based on the data of the Statistical Bureau of the European Union for 2009-2021, three regression models of the influence of independent variables on the indicator of the number of patent applications to the European Patent Office (per one million inhabitants) were built. It is substantiated that the priority for Ukraine in the conditions of post-war recovery is taking into account the best standards of European countries, implementing several measures to support scientific and inventive activities, and using intellectual property objects in a practical way.
Global experience in industry 4.0 and the prospects of its implementation in Ukraine
Authors: Ryvak Nataliya O.
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the main models and trends in the development of Industry 4.0 of the top three global exporters, namely China, Germany, and the USA. It examines the German High-Tech Strategy, which became the first national concept to unite the main stakeholders in the field of innovation and technology around the common goal of development and expansion of the latest technologies, as well as the strategic initiative for the development of Germany’s digital transformation, Industry 4.0. The author reveals that rethinking the linear assembly line of traditional industrial manufacturing is the fundamental goal for German manufacturers on their way to transition to the so-called “smart manufacturing”. Peculiarities of mass education and implementation of Industry 4.0 practices and technologies in various branches of industry in China are studied. The article discusses the strategic initiative China Manufacturing 2025 aimed at strengthening the manufacturing capacity of the Chinese economy and other initiatives such as Internet+, Made in China 2025, and China Standards 2035 aimed at promoting China’s digital economy and standardizing advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), big data, etc. The implementation of Industry 4.0 in the USA, based on the prioritization of the strategic importance of industrial digitalization and a change in the paradigm of work of organizations, is outlined. At the same time, Industry 4.0 in the USA offers many new opportunities and advantages for enterprises that actively implement the achievements of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 technology is crucial for overcoming supply chain disruptions caused by pandemics and geopolitical crises. Based on the experience of Germany, China, and the USA, recommendations for the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine are developed, in particular, the adoption of a national strategy for Industry 4.0, the implementation of an innovative policy for the development of science and technology and training of people and manufacturers, the creation of a strong diversified industrial base with comprehensive implementation of the latest Industry 4.0 technologies in production. It is expedient to determine what investments in physical infrastructure and human capacity are necessary, including training in new digital skills; key industries that need development support; the legal framework that needs to be changed to create mechanisms for effective implementation of the latest technologies by manufacturers. A network of Industry 4.0 expertise centers in Ukraine should be developed, technical standards should be harmonized, program documents regarding the digital transformation of certain industries should be developed and adopted, etc. The accumulated experience should be recorded in detail in relevant documents for the successful planning of the national strategy, as well as ensuring heredity in its implementation.
A Lista Preliminar de Plantas Vasculares Endêmicas da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil, com Comentários sobre seus Status de Ameaça de Extinção
Authors: Gonçalves Cezar Neubert , Freitas de Azevedo Gonçalves Cristiane
Published: November 2023

A Chapada Diamantina é a extensão norte da cadeia do Espinhaço e caracteriza-se por vegetações diversas e complexas. Também é caracterizada por muito endemismo das plantas, especialmente nos campos rupestres. Neste artigo é apresentada uma lista preliminar das plantas vasculares endêmicas de Chapada Diamantina. O conceito de Chapada Diamantina adotado aqui é a ecorregião "Complexo da Chapada Diamantina". A literatura botânica sobre floras regionais e inventários botânicos locais foi pesquisada por citações do endemismo. A lista retornou 459 espécies de plantas endêmicas da Chapada Diamantina, distribuídas entre 48 famílias botânicas e 156 gêneros. Oito gêneros compreenderam mais de 10 espécies endêmicas cada. Microlicia foi o gênero mais diversificado, com 38 espécies. Essa lista tem um caráter preliminar, pois poucos grupos na Chapada Diamantina foram intensamente estudados em toda a área, e a flora de várias localidades ainda é pouco conhecida. Como o primeiro esforço para sintetizar a literatura sobre o endemismo na Chapada Diamantina, a lista apresenta uma aproximação inicial da grande diversidade de espécies encontradas. Os dados disponíveis indicam, no entanto, que a diversidade é restrita principalmente a apenas alguns grupos. Um total de 285 espécies foram avaliadas em suas ameaças de extinção.Dessas, 277 espécies apresentam algum grau de ameaça, sendo 40 (14,44%) delas Criticamente emPerigo. Os fatores que influenciam a ameaça de extinção estão relacionados principalmente Ã  pequenaárea de ocorrência de muitas espécies. Desmatamento e queimadas na vegetação são outros riscos. Por outro lado, várias espécies endêmicas não avaliadas são relativamente comuns na ChapadaDiamantina e não estão ameaçadas de extinção.
Avaliação do estado de conservação da fauna brasileira e a lista de espécies ameaçadas: O que significa, qual sua importância, como fazer?
Authors: Brick Peres Monica , Eichler Vercillo Ugo , Ferreira de Souza Dias Braulio
Published: November 2023

A biodiversidade é um bem comum essencial para a sobrevivência da humanidade na Terra. Seu valor intrínseco e extrínseco tem sido amplamente reconhecido por governos e sociedade civil em diversos acordos internacionais. A perda de biodiversidade é uma das piores crises mundiais da atualidade com espécies e habitats diminuindo a uma taxa alarmante como mostrou a Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas de Extinção de 2008 (Vié et al. 2009). Por isso a Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica (CDB) definiu para 2020 metas claras de redução das taxas de extinção a nível mundial. As listas de espécies ameaçadas de extinção ou Listas Vermelhas ("Red List"), tornaram-se mundialmente conhecidas através da União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza (UICN). Inicialmente elaboradas para mamíferos e aves, essas listas foram criadas para chamar a atenção para a necessidade de agir rápida e efetivamente em prol da conservação das espécies com maior risco de extinção em futuro próximo (Fitter & Fitter 1987). Avaliar o estado de conservação nada mais é do que estimar a probabilidade ou risco relativo de extinção de uma espécie ou subespécie. Além de apontar as espécies com maior urgência de ações de conservação, as avaliações podem gerar índices do estado de degeneração ou recuperação da biodiversidade por grupo taxonômico ou por região geográfica. Por isso, quando o objetivo é reduzir a taxa de extinção de espécies, a avaliação do estado de conservação é considerado o passo inicial e também o mais importante para planejar e priorizar recursos e ações (Mace & Lande 2001, Mace et al. 2008). Este artigo apresenta o processo em curso de avaliação do estado de conservação da fauna brasileira, incluindo conceitos envolvidos, abordagens, procedimentos e forma de envolvimento dos profissionais.
From the ocean to the brain: harnessing the power of marine algae for neuroprotection and therapeutic advances
Authors: Pereira Leonel , Valado Ana
Published: November 2023

Recent investigations have shed light on the potential of seaweed, an abundant source of bioactive compounds, to mitigate and combat neurodegenerative diseases. In this comprehensive review, the accumulating evidence supporting the neuroprotective properties of seaweed-derived compounds is evaluated and their putative mechanisms of action are elucidated. The background of this review encompasses the general understanding of neurodegenerative diseases as debilitating conditions characterized by the progressive loss of nerve cell function and viability in the central nervous system. Furthermore, the global prevalence of these diseases, encompassing Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease, and the persistent absence of effective treatments are emphasized. To address this critical issue, an innovative avenue of research is explored by investigating the potential of seaweed and its diverse array of bioactive compounds. By examining the available literature, the evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of seaweed-derived compounds is consolidated. These bioactive constituents exhibit promising properties in preventing and mitigating neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, their actions involve intricate pathways that contribute to neuronal survival, reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of neuroinflammation, and modulation of protein aggregation processes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of seaweed compounds. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of seaweed as a valuable source of neuroprotective compounds and underscores the advancements made in this burgeoning field. The identification and elucidation of the mechanisms through which seaweed compounds exert their neuroprotective effects hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. These findings transcend disciplinary boundaries, offering insight into the potential application of seaweed-derived compounds as a valuable resource for combating neurodegenerative diseases across scientific domains.
PAINTED POTTERY FROM OZHEVE-OSTRIV SETTLEMENT AND ITS FACTOR IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF CULTURAL CHANGES IN THE POPULATION OF CUCUTENI-TRYPILLIA CULTURAL COMPLEX OF BI STAGE
Authors: Zhelaha D. I.
Published: November 2023

The characteristics of the painted pottery of the Ozheve-ostriv settlement is considered in the paper. Despite the small percentage of painted pottery among the ceramic complex of the Ozheve-ostriv this category is extremely important for determining the place of the settlement in the cultural-chronological structure of the Cucuteni-Trypillia cultural complex. By techniques all the painted vessels of the settlement have common features with the exception of the system of styles — the sequence of applying paint to the surface of the vessel. The styles identified at the settlement are characterized as synchronous, taking into account that features characteristic of the previous phase of the period (Cucuteni A3) and the synchronous phase (Cucuteni A4) have survived. Some of the forms presented at the settlement are also characterized by the forms of the previous phase, although new ones also appear (pear-shaped vessels with vertical crowns, helmet-shaped tires). With minor exceptions, the main stylistic features of the vessels in the form of ornamental schemes have also survived.

Due to the comparison of this pottery with the sites of the stage BI, it is possible to attribute this settlement to the Northern Moldovan local variant of the late phase of the stage BI (Cucuteni A4). Local variants of this phase are also synchronous with the settlement of Ozheve-ostriv. The issue of the synchronicity of the settlement with other ones such as Corlăteni and Vorniceni, characteristic of Cucuteni AB1 settlements, is considered separately.

It is proposed to assume a gradual resettlement of the population of the Cucuteni-Trypillia cultural complex to the territory of Middle Dniester region, in contrast to those processes of migratory «burst» that took place in the previous phase of the BI stage. In addition, attention is drawn to a certain «dependence» of cultural traditions on the region of the «core» of culture — Romanian Carpathian Region. The reasons for such dependence could be the general economic situation among the populations of the stage BI, when the population of the «core» of the culture could supply «prestige» objects made of copper in exchange for products of the raw material direction.
KURGAN SITES IN THE SAMARA RIVER BASIN: RESULTS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Authors: Teslenko D. L. , Kaiser E. , Shalobudov V. M.
Published: November 2023

Four barrows (kurgans) were excavated in the basin of the river Samara in 2007—2008. Kurgan 1 near the village of Peschanka was located in its lower course. Three kurgans were situated near the mine «Stepova» in the middle course of Samara. Fifteen burials were discovered in the barrow 1 near the village of Peschanka. Three of them, graves 6, 7, 14 appear to be the earliest, exhibiting male burials and dating to the 38th to the 36th centuries BC (Eneolithic). The first burial mound was erected above these burials. Another two Eneolithic graves with skeletons of children were dug into the first kurgan. The construction of the Copper Age kurgan was completed after these two graves by digging a ditch around the mound.

Among the four burials of the Yamna culture grave 15 was the oldest. However, its radiocarbon date 3626—3106 cal BC seems to be very early and is therefore debatable. But analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon do not indicate a diet which might have caused a reservoir effect. The radiocarbon dates obtained for other burials in this kurgan correspond quite well with the relative chronology.

The graves 10 and 11 date to the Yamna culture as well, but show characteristics in the funeral rites of its final phase. The calibrated time spans fall into the interval of 27—24 centuries cal BC. They coincide with the absolute dating of the Early Catacomb culture.

 C14-dates were also obtained for the catacomb graves 4 and 12. They agree well with the absolute and relative chronology of the developed phase of the Catacomb culture.

The earliest kurgan (barrow 4) near the mine «Stepova» was built above the destroyed burials of the Eneolithic. In all three kurgans graves of the earliest phase of the Yamna culture were found. Interestingly, the identical organization of the space under and in the barrows and the very similar of details of the funeral rites indicate that all three barrows form a single burial complex. Probably, all graves were erected according to the same canonical norms during a relatively short time period. Most likely a single community used and formed these Early Bronze Age barrows. Unfortunately, the absence of radiocarbon dating makes it impossible to verify this hypothesis.

The burials of the Catacomb culture discovered in the kurgans near the mine «Stepova» exhibit features of different phases and demonstrate the influence of various regions.

The grave of a Kipčak warrior appears to be the most recent burial in kurgan 4 and dates to the time of the Golden Horde.
THE PALAEOETHNOBOTANICAL MATERIALS OF THE CHORNOLISKA CULTURE FROM VOLOSHKOVE 6
Authors: Karmazina L. V. , Gorbanenko S. A.
Published: November 2023

In 2022, the Dniester expedition of the «State Research Centre “Protective Archaeology Service of Ukraine”» of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine explored the multi-layered settlement of Voloshkove 6. The 528 m2 area has been studied and 62 objects were discovered. 46 of them belonged to the Chornoliska culture. In two objects (objects 1A and 49) the remains of botanical origin were found.

The researchers noticed the palaeoethnobotanical remains in time and removed the soil containing them. Samples have been taken and the burned macro-remains of plants also were selected by flotation. Using identification analysis it was ascertained that sample 1 (object 1A) contained several caryopses and fragments of barley (Hordeum vulgare). In sample 2 (object 49) about 15 cm3 of legume seeds — lentil (Lens culinaris) was distinguished. Isolated cleavers (Galium aparine) were found in small quantities in both samples.

Given the homogeneity of the finds, it can be argued that they are the result of harvesting and storing the harvest of one year. Sample 2 can be interpreted as a seed fund for future crops, which was stored in a separate container.

Today, this is the first find of charred macro-remains from the sites of the Chornoliska culture and the second reliable definition of the palaeoethnobotanical materials of this culture. Therefore, barley (Hordeum vulgare) was added to the previously established list cereals of millet (Panicum miliaceum) and emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon) grown by the carriers of the Chornoliska culture. So far, legumes are represented only by lentil.

This finding does not yet make it possible to assess the grain farming as a whole. Currently, it only supplements the data on cultivated plants that were grown by the carriers of the Chornoliska culture.
EXPERIENCE OF EXPLORATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES BY DRILLING METHOD (Based on Paleolithic Materials)
Authors: Vietrov V. S.
Published: November 2023

Over the past ten years, being in the Ukrainian Lower Palaeolithic Expedition of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and in personal field research, various drilling methods exclusively for the optimization of the exploration process have been tested. All these field works were carried out in order to find Palaeolithic sites. However, our exploratory drilling techniques can be used to locate a wide range of archaeological sites. The first stage of exploratory drilling was carried out in 2012—2014 in the Luhansk region, in the middle reaches of the Siverskyi Donets river system. The second stage of such works began in 2015. It concerns the study of Lower Palaeolithic sites near Medzhybizh settlement, Khmelnytskyi district, Khmelnytskyi region. Based on the results of many years of experimental work we offer our method of exploratory drilling on light loamy-sandy soils. We consider that the optimal depths of exploratory drilling are from 1 to 2 m. According to the characteristics of the soil and used equipment we recommend using the exploratory drilling method to search first of all the Paleolithic-Bronze Age sites. The most appropriate for such works are the sod areas of river terraces, river floodplains and peat bogs, dunes or sod sand plates, forest areas. It is also possible to recommend exploratory drilling on agricultural land where the point drilling will not damage the cultivated areas and raise the issue of reimbursement for the fallout of archaeological exploration.

The simple technology of reconnaissance works needs no high-skilled staff. The exploratory drilling is also to be recommended during the archaeological practice of first-year students of higher educational institutions. The progressive use of natural science methods in archaeological research is a reality today. The drilling method, as a technological component, can be applied as a non-invasive operation for the cultural layer, directly on the archaeological site. Drilling works can also be used in other types of research, as a method of selecting soil samples for the needs of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and palaeobotany. Drilling can provide for the selection of single soil samples or complete soil columns for the description of an archaeological object using the methods of natural sciences.
REGARDING THE ATTRIBUTION OF SOME ITEMS FROM THE LYTA MOHYLA
Authors: Babenko L. I.
Published: November 2023

The «Melgunov hoard» — a burial or burial-commemorative complex, which has been found during the excavations of the Lyta Mohyla in 1763, contained several items, functional destination of which is ambiguous.

In particular, the gold plate with a depiction of a monkey and three birds is considered by most researchers to be a headdress decoration. However, the characters reproduced on the Melgunov plate in terms of nomenclature and represented subjects are close to the images on precious tableware made by Middle Eastern masters at different times.

Therefore, it is more likely that this plate was cut from a thin-walled gold cup and was used to decorate the scabbard of a bladed weapon — a dagger or a long knife. Possessing two items of bladed weapons was widespread among the Scythians and it is recorded both in burials and on depiction of stone statues.

17 plates in the form of a predatory bird are most often classified as belt decorations. But the presence of a gorytos in a burial and the established tradition of decorating arrow cases with gold plates give grounds for attributing these plates precisely as decorations of the gorytos. It does not contradict the area covered with sheets of the gorytos area; a composition formed by several rows of plates is possible; the image of a predatory bird is used; fastening to the leather base with the help of wide loops.

One more item of bladed weapons in precious scabbard and a ceremonial gorytos, decorated with gold plates, confirm the high — royal — status of the owner of the set of items from the Lyta Mohyla. The proposed attributions, which assume the possible presence of several items of bladed weapons and a gorytos covered with precious plates in the burial complex, find full correspondence among the stable traditions of the Scythian culture.