bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of pH Dependent Extraction in Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Extract from Phoenix dactylifera L
Authors: Zohra Rouiha , Redha Ouahrani Mohammed , Eddine Laouini Salah
Published: September 2017

Leaf of Phoenix dactylifera L is a rich source of natural bioactive compounds, which serve many functions in human body
and prevent food from oxidation processes. The study aimed to optimize the pH extraction medium of polyphenol from
Phoenix dactylifera L using different system for pH 3 to pH 7 was carried out. In addition, influence of pH medium
extraction on phenolic content, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanin, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The total
phenolic content measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method was as well conducted. Antioxidant efficacies of different pH
extracts were estimated by their abilities to scavenge ABTS and FRAP. It was observed that phenolic content increased
from pH 5 at 6, and the pH effects on the composition extraction process were illustrated. For the antioxidant activity,
similar results are observed. The high anti-inflammatory activity founded for weak acid (pH 5 and 6). The optimum pH
value of medium aqueous extraction it is 6.
Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Some -5-Ethoxy-2- Mercapto Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Turkey Raad H. , Mahmood kubba Ammar A. BRazzak , Fadhil Ammar A. , AlShawi Nada N.
Published: September 2017

This article includes a description of new series of 5-ethoxy-2-mercapto benzimidazole derivatives, synthesized and
evaluated for the anti-inflammatory activity; the synthesis involved the reaction of the parent nucleus (5-ethoxy-2-
mercapto benzimidazole) with different p-phenacyl bromide substituents. All the newly synthesized compounds were
screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by egg albumin-induced rat hind paw edema method.
Development and Validation of a Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Imatinib Mesylate
Authors: Babu Y. Rajesh , Appalaraju N.
Published: September 2017

The aim of this paper was to develop and validate the stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of
Imatinib mesylate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. A simple, accurate, precise, sensitive and stability indicating
RP-HPLC method has been developed for the determination of Imatinib mesylate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage
form, in which separations are done using develosil C18, 5μm, 150 × 4.6mm i.d. column at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min with
an injection volume of 20μL. The beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 5 - 35μg/mL. The correlation
coefficient was found to be 0.996 and it showed good linearity, reproducibility, precision in this concentration range. The
% recovery values were found to be within the limits, which showed that the method was accurate. The LOD and LOQ
were calculated using statistical methods. The % RSD values were less than 2. The developed method was successfully
applied for determination of Imatinib mesylate in pharmaceutical dosage form. The results obtained are in good agreement
with those obtained by using the standard method.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil and its Fractions of Lavandula stoechas L. From
Morocco
Authors: Yassine Ez Zoubi , Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami , Dalila Bousta , Moschos Polissiou , Dimitra Daferera , Mohammed Lachkar , Abdessalam El. Khanchoufi , Abdellah Farah
Published: September 2017

The emerging multi-drug resistance in food borne pathogens and consumers demand for minimally processed fresh natural
foods has paved the path for natural antimicrobials and antioxidants to be used in food industry. This work investigates the
chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of essential oils of Lavandula stoechas and its fractions
which were obtained from the Lavandula stoechas using apparatus Glass Oven B-585. GC/MS analysis of Lavandula
stoechas essential oil has led to the identification of 27 components, of which camphor, fenchone, camphene, borneol, α-
Pinene and 1,8-cineole, were the major components. Fractions 1 and 2 have displayed qualitative similarities; fraction 3
has showed a different chemical profile characterized by the presence of various oxygenated sesquiterpenes. In DPPH
assay, the IC50 value of Lavandula stoechas and its fractions have varied between 0.8 and 1.6 µg/ml, while
phosphomolybdenum assay of essential oils of Lavandula steochas, fraction 1, 2 and 3 have showed values in the order of
79 ± 4.4, 73.7 ± 3.7, 76.2 ± 5.5 and 148.2 ± 6.2 μg/ml respectively. The essential oil of Lavandula steochas was very active
against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria spp. Fractions 1 and 2 were moderately active, however fraction 3 recorded a
weak effect against all bacteria’s. The Chloromphenicol antibiotic was very active against all bacteria’s, Gentamycin has
expressed average activity against pathogens but the Penicillin has showed poor activity. Our results suggest that essential
oils of Lavandula stoechas and fraction 3 demonstrated interesting biological properties that suggest its use as a new
potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
Anxiolytic Effect and Acute Toxicity of Two Novel Combinations of Plant Extracts - Antistress I and Antistress II on Rats
Authors: I. Kandilarov , H. Zlatanova , D. Delev , I. Kostadinova , M. Katsarova , S. Dimitrova , L. Lukanov , F. Sadakov
Published: September 2017

Anxiety is a significant social problem that could deteriorate the quality of life of individuals. It disturbs the normal
circadian rhythms, leading to an increase of cardio-vascular diseases and distortions in the functions of the immune system.
Antistress I and Antistress II are herbal combinations containing in different proportions dry extracts obtained from
Serratula coronata, Hypericum perforatum, Valeriana officinalis, Crataegus monogyna and Melissa officinalis. The present
study evaluates the acute toxicity and the anxiolytic effect of these combinations and the individual extracts which they
contain after their oral administration to male Wistar rats. Doses of 5g/kg b.w. and 10g/kg b.w. are used for the evaluation
of acute toxicity. Assessment of the anxiolytic effect is carried out at three doses – 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. by using
the test - Elevated plus maze. The results about the acute toxicity show a survival rate of 100% for all extracts at a dose up
to10g/kg b.w. The evaluation of the anxiolytic effect on an acute stress model in rats demonstrates that both combinations
Antistress I and Antistress II possess anxiolytic properties which are significant only at the highest dose. The results also
give us the reason to conclude that the effect of Antistress II on anxiety is better compared to Antistress I.
Antimicrobial Properties of Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: R. Patil T. , S. Patil , A. Patil , T. Patil S.
Published: September 2017

Proton pump inhibitors [PPI] are acid activated pro drugs which convert in to sulfenic acid and then in to tetracycline
sulfenamide in the acidic pH of parietal cell canaliculi. They block H+K+ATPase proton pumps and reduce gastric acid
secretion. They are used to treat acid peptic disorders and NSAID induced gastric mucosal injury. Activity of PPI against
Helicobactor pylori [H.pylori] is proved undisputably. Lansoprazole is the most effective PPI against H.pylori due to its
unique chemical structure.PPI inhibit urease activity of H. pylori. They affect respiration and energy metabolism of these
organisms as result of decreased ATP synthesis. Structural similarity of benzimidazole PPI with imidazole like
metronidazole and tinidazole may contribute for their antibacterial property. Omeprazole and lansoprazole have been found
to have anti fungal activity by inhibition of fungal H+K+ATPase-vacuolar ATPase which are essential for fungal survival
and to carry out essential physiological functions, the inhibition of which leads to fungicidal action. Recently anti tubercular
action of lansoprazole was highlighted which is attributed to its intra mycobacterial sulfoxide reduction to lansoprazole
sulfide. This acts on mycobacterial cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibits ATP synthesis and compromises energy
metabolism threatening its survival. Cytochrome bc1 of plasmodium also forms a drug target for lansoprazole. Thus,
lansoprazole can emerge as a potential drug to treat MDR tuberculosis and malaria. Antiviral action of lansoprazole was
noted against rhinovirus. Gram positive and negative organisms other than H.pylori were found to be inhibited by
omeprazole in vitro. But this is not supported by in vivo studies.
Prevalence of Aspirin Resistance among Jordanian Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Elayeh Eman , Mohammad Mohammad , Fararjeh Mohammad , Abu-Rish Eman , Hamad Islam , Kasabri Violet , Akour Amal , Bustanji Yasser
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Despite the wide range of aspirin indications, there is a considerable amount of patients do not respond to
aspirin, who also are referred to as aspirin non-responders or aspirin resistant patients. Aims and objectives: This study
was carried out to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of aspirin resistance in Jordanian patients with cardiovascular
disease and further clarify the clinical predictors of aspirin resistance. Materials and methods: Biochemical aspirin response
was assessed based on the measurements of urinary11-dehydro thromboxane B2 (11-dhTxB2) levels using FDA approved
diagnostic kit. Patients taking aspirin (75-325mg) for at least 7 days were prospectively enrolled from all stable cardiac
patients presenting at Jordan University hospital outpatient clinics. Results: Eighty six (86) patients were enrolled in this
study. Another twenty four healthy individuals were enrolled to function as a control group. The mean urinary levels of
11- dhTxB2/creatinine were significantly lower almost 3- times in patients in the primary and secondary aspirin prevention
group compared with the control group (1567.58 vs. 4236.19 pg/mg, p-value >0.005). Thirty-one patients were found to
be aspirin resistant with a prevalence of 36%. Conclusion: Our findings of aspirin resistance are particularly important
given the large number of patients using this medication for prevention of atherothrombotic events. These results indicate
that aspirin resistance should be diagnosed so that individuals with no response to aspirin can receive an alternative or an
additional antiplatelet therapy.
Does the Choice of Suture Material Affect the Incidence of Urethrocutaneous Fistulae After Hypospadias Repair? – A Comparison
of Polyglactin 910 with Polydioxanone
Authors: Khalid Adnan , Zaidi Syed Hashim , Baloch Marvi , Saleem Fahad
Published: September 2017

Background: We aimed to assess the incidence of developing postoperative urethrocutaneous fistulae (UCF) while using
either polyglactin 910 or polydioxanone for the repair of subcoronal hypospadias in paediatric patients. Methods: A
multicenter, two-group posttest-only randomized experimental design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted
at PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi, Combined Military Hospital Malir, Military Hospital Rawalpindi and Combined Military
Hospital Multan from 2009 to 2016. Boys between the ages of 1 – 10 years with confirmed diagnosis of subcoronal
hypospadias suitable for single stage repair with the Snodgrass technique and also completing a minimum follow up of 6
months were targeted for the study. The subjects were later randomized into PG group (those undergoing urethral repair
with polyglactin 901) and PD group (those in whom polydioxanone was used). Both descriptive and inferential statistics
were used for data analysis. SPSS v. 21.0 was used for data analysis with p > 0.05 taken as significant value. Results: Two
hundred patients with confirmed diagnosis of subcoronal hypospadias were recruited for the study in the proposed study
period. Twenty-nine patients (29%) in the PG and 26 (26%) in the PD group developed UCF. There were seven (7%) cases
of wound infection in the PG group compared to four cases (4%) in the PD Group; all eleven of the said were among those
who developed UCF. Meatal stenosis was observed in six patients (6%) in the PG group and in nine patients (9%) of the
PD group. No significant difference in the incidence of postoperative urethral fistula formation with the use of polyglactin
910 versus polydioxanone was however reported by the study findings. Conclusion: As there was no significant difference
in the incidence UCF between Polyglactin 910 and Polydioxanone, the choice of suture material should be based on
economical variations and availability of the two products.
Effect of Exposure to Mixture of Heavy Metals Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead on Reproductive Function and Oxidative Stress in Female Rats
Authors: D. Choudhuri , T. Bhattacharjee
Published: September 2017

Background : Toxicological consequences arising from exposure to mixtures of heavy metals especially at low, chronic
and environmentally relevant doses are poorly recognised. In the present study, we evaluated effects of chronic exposure
to combinations of three metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) present frequently in drinking water on
reproductive function and oxidative damage caused to reproductive organs of female rats. Method : Female rats were
exposed to mixture of metals (As, Cdand Pb) for 90 consecutive days. The gain in body weight and weight of reproductive
organs were recorded following autopsy on 91 stday. The oestrus cycle were monitored during entire treatment period.
Numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live fetus and survival of the fetus were evaluated in rats mated successfully
with untreated male after completion of their respective treatment. Ovarian cholesterol, protein, ascorbic acid and enzyme
Δ 5 -3β HSD levels were estimated. Serum levels of steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone were estimated.
Histopathological picture of both ovary and uterus were assessed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),
glutathione peroxidise (GPX) activity, amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondyaldehyde (MDA) in blood, ovary
and uterus were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results : The treated rats showed reduced body weight gain
and reduction in the weight of ovary and uterus. Oestrus cycle was disrupted with continuous diestrous in treated animals.
Number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and live fetus and the survival of fetus evaluate were reduced significantly in
treated groups. The levels of ovarian cholesterol and ascorbic acid increased in treated rats with decrease Δ5
-3β HSD level. There was reduction in serum level of both the ovarian steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. The protein levels
did not differ between the groups. There was a significant increase in levels of MDA and decrease in levels of all the
antioxidant enzymes in treated group. Conclusion : The results revealed there was disruption to reproductive functions with
decrease in stereoidogenic activity and associated oxidative stress in female rats treated with combination of mixture of
metals (Cd, As and Pb) at low dose for 90 consecutive days.
Effects of γ-Aminobutyric Acid on the Erectogenic Properties of Sildenafil
Authors: A. Adefegha S. , I. Oyeleye S. , G. Oboh
Published: September 2017

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a disorder of increasing socio-economic burden. Therapeutic drugs such as sildenafil have
been in use for the treatment of ED, but with their associated side effects. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a
neurotransmitter with possible vasodilatory properties. In this study, the effect of GABA on the erectogenic properties of
sildenafil was investigated. Aqueous solution of GABA and sildenafil (1 mM) was separately prepared as well as the
mixtures of both (75% GABA + 25% sildenafil; 50% GABA + 50% sildenafil; 25% GABA + 75% sildenafil).
Thereafter, the in vitro effects of all the studied samples on the activities of arginase, angiotensin-I converting enzyme
(ACE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were investigated. The results revealed that all the samples inhibited arginase,
ACE and AChE activities. Considering the various combinations, 25% GABA + 75% sildenafil had the highest arginase
inhibitory effect, 50% GABA + 50% sildenafil showed the highest ACE inhibiting effect, while 25% GABA + 75%
sildenafil exhibited the highest AChE inhibitory effect. Therefore, the observed enzyme inhibiting effect of sildenafil,
GABA and their various combinations on rat penile arginase, ACE and AChE activities could be part of the mechanism
by which they elicit their erectogenic properties. The various combinations could thus serve as therapeutic intervention
for the management of ED with a possible reduction in the side effects associated with the use of sildenafil; nevertheless,
the combination of 75% GABA with 25% sildenafil exhibited the highest erectogenic potential.
Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Thapa Subarna Dhoj , K.C Shiva Raj , Gautam Santosh , Gyawali Deepika
Published: September 2017

Background: In type 2 diabetes mellitus lipid abnormalities are very common and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.  This study was conducted to find association of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at KISTMCTH. All the necessary data of patient with type 2 diabetes in the period between December 2016 and May 2017 were studied.Results: Out of 199 patients with diabetes mellitus 30.7% had total cholesterol >200 mg/dl, 64.4% had elevated low density lipoprotein, 53.77% patient had elevated triglyceride and 64% patients had low high density lipoprotein level. Cholesterol showed significant correlation with triglyceride (P < 0.001), low density lipoprotein (P < 0.001). Triglyceride showed a significant negative correlation with high density lipoprotein (P < 0.01), while a highly significant positive correlation was observed with cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with high incidence of dyslipidemia with elevated level of low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and triglyceride.
Relationship of thyroid peroxidase antibody test with abnormal thyroid function tests
Authors: Khadka Shrestha Srijana , Karmacharya Kavita , Giri Mimi , Bajracharya Manil Raj , Jha Sandeep
Published: September 2017

Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease results from a complex interaction between genetic and enviromental factors. The aim of this study was to find association of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody with abnormal thyroid function tests. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective  study, conducted in 160 patients who showed abnormal thyroid function tests  in grande city clinic and hospital services and Kantipur dental college  for  duration  of 18 months since Baisakh 2072.Results: Among 160 individuals , 126(78.8%) were female and 34(21.2%) were male. Subclinical hypothyroidism (56.3%) were most common than overthyperthyroidism (18.0%), overthypothyroidism (16.9%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (8.8%). Anti thyroid peroxidase antibodies test  was shown positive in  102/160 (63.8% ) cases.Conclusion: According to the present study, anti- thyroid peroxidase antibody has been significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction, it can be used as diagnostic marker for thyroid autoimmune diathesis.
Spectrum of ovarian tumours- a five year study
Authors: Narang Sanjeev , Singh Anjali , Nema Shrikant , Karode Rahul
Published: September 2017

Background: Ovarian tumor is the seventh most common cause of cancer related deaths in female. The aim of this study is to find the, morphological and clinicopathological correlation, gross, histological pattern, and incidence of age distribution of ovarian tumors.Materials and Methods: This retrospective and prospective study was carried out from January 2011 to December 2015. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Special stains and immunohistochemistry were carried out whenever needed.Results: Out of total 158 cases, 62.65% were benign, 3.79% were borderline, and 33.55% were malignant. Histologically, surface epithelial tumors were the most common (74.06%) followed by germ cell tumours(15.82%) and sex cord–stromal tumors (10.12%).Benign tumors were mostly seen in age group of 20–40 years, borderline 21–40 years, and malignant 50–80 years.Conclusion: Tumors originating from surface epithelium are the most common and their malignant counterparts are more frequent in the elderly age group.
Histopathological study of placentae in intrauterine growth retardation pregnancies in a tertiary care hospital and correlation with fetal birth weight
Authors: Mardi Kavita , Negi Lalita
Published: September 2017

Background: Intra uterine Growth Retardation is the most significant factor of perinatal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the histopathological changes in the placenta in association with IUGR and correlation with fetal birth weight.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 placentae were included. Twenty five normal placentae and 75 placentae were from IUGR pregnancies were included.Results: Intervillous fibrin deposition (64%), increased  syncytial knotting (64%), stromal fibrosis (65%), cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia (44%) and  basement membrane thickening (40%) were seen along with hypovascular villi and infraction were present in 32% and 28% respectively. These changes were seen less in the control group (p<0.001). Statistically significant association between the birth weight and microscopic changes (chi square=19.543, degree of freedom=4, p<0.005) was observed.Conclusion: Severity of IUGR is related to the microscopic change in the placenta. The number and severity of microscopic changes in IUGR placentas increased with decreasing fetal birth weight.
A report on a case of Giardia duodenalis
Authors: Pudasaini Sujata , Pathak Rakesh , Upadhyaya Satyam , Sharma Anna
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTGiardia is caused by protozoa, Giardia lamblia. It is one of the most common causes of water born or food born diarrhea and it has a worldwide distribution. The prevalence is approximately 20-30% in developing countries. Giardia duodenalis is the most commonly reported intestinal protozoan in humans mainly affecting children. The infection is usually associated with malabsorption, weight loss and growth retardation.We report a case of four years old boy who presented with diarrhea and malabsorption for last 2 years. Its clinical presentation and histopathological diagnosis on duodenal biopsy is discussed.
Co-existence of gastric adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma: a rare entity
Authors: Mainali Nirajan , Nepal Niraj , Choudhary Prabesh Kumar , Sinha Amrita , Rajbanshi Saroj , Rauniyar Shyam , Yadav Ajay
Published: September 2017

A mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma is a tumor composed of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components, with each comprising  at least one-third of the lesion, as defined by the World Health Organization classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms in 2010.. A 67-years-old male was admitted to the hospital with symptoms suggesting gastric cancer. Histopathology examination from endoscopic biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. Later partial gastrectomy specimen examination the lesion show presence of well differentiated adenocarcinoma along with neuro endocrine carcinoma.
Cardiac myxoma with glandular elements: A case report
Authors: K.C. Bibek , Karki Shovana
Published: September 2017

Cardiac myxoma with glandular elements is extremely rare cardiac myxomas that show glandular differentiation, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. The present case study reports a case of glandular cardiac myxoma. A 21-years-old female presented with left atrial mass which was surgically resected and sent for histopathological examination. Microscopically, there were well formed mucinous glands in a background of cardiac myxoma and hence cardiac myxoma with glandular elements was confirmed. Though rare, it should always be differentiated from metastatic adenocarcinoma.
Advances in HELIOS2 nuclear data library
Authors: Wemple C. , Simeonov T.
Published: September 2017

The ongoing development of the HELIOS2 code system at Studsvik includes periodic updates of the nuclear data library. The library expansion includes an update of the cross section data source to ENDF/B-VIIR1, a significant expansion of the burnup chains, the addition of a more complete set of gamma production data, and the development of new resonance treatment options. The goal is to provide the capability for HELIOS2 to more accurately model a wider array of reactor applications and enhance interoperability with SNF, the Studsvik spent fuel analysis code. This paper will also provide a discussion of the nuclear data library benchmarking effort and an overview of other HELIOS2 development efforts.
Development of fuel cycles with new fuel with 8.9 mm external diameter for VVER-440: Preliminary assessment of operating efficiency
Authors: Gagarinskiy A.
Published: September 2017

Since the introduction of VVERs-440, their fuel assemblies are subject to ongoing improvements. Until now, the basic structural parameters of fuel, such as rod diameter of 9.1 mm, have never changed. This paper focuses on computational estimates of basic neutronic parameters of the fuel cycle that involves assemblies consisting of fuel rods with diameter reduced to 8.9 mm.
New engineering safety factors for Loviisa NPP core calculations
Authors: Kuopanportti J. , Saarinen S. , Lahtinen T. , Ekström K.
Published: September 2017

In Loviisa NPP, there are two limiting thermal margins called the enthalpy rise margin and the linear heat rate margin that are monitored during normal operation. Engineering safety factors are applied in determination of both of these factors. The factors take into account the effect of various manufacturing tolerances, impact of the irradiation and simulation uncertainties on the local heat rate and on the enthalpy of the coolant. The engineering factors were re-evaluated during 2015 and the factors were approved by the Finnish radiation and nuclear safety authority in 2016. The re-evaluation was performed by considering all of the identified phenomena that affect the local heat rate or the enthalpy of the coolant. This paper summarizes the work that was performed during the re-evaluation of the engineering safety factors and presents the results for each uncertainty component. The new engineering safety factors are 1.115 for the linear heat rate and 1.100 for the enthalpy rise margin when the old factors were 1.12 and 1.16, respectively. The new factors improve the fuel economy by about 1%.
Experimental and numerical thermal-hydraulics investigation of a molten salt reactor concept core
Authors: Yamaji B. , Aszódi A.
Published: September 2017

In the paper measurement results of experimental modelling of a molten salt fast reactor concept will be presented and compared with three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results. Purpose of this article is twofold, on one hand to introduce a geometry modification in order to avoid the disadvantages of the original geometry and discuss new measurement results. On the other hand to present an analysis in order to suggest a method of proper numerical modelling of the problem based on the comparison of calculation results and measurement data for the new, modified geometry. The investigated concept has a homogeneous cylindrical core without any internal structures. Previous measurements on the scaled and segmented plexiglas model of the concept core and simulation results have shown that this core geometry could be optimized for better thermal-hydraulics characteristics. In case of the original geometry strong undesired flow separation could develop, that could negatively affect the characteristics of the core from neutronics point of view as well. An internal flow distributor plate was designed and installed with the purpose of optimizing the flow field in the core by enhancing its uniformity. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement results of the modified experimental model will be presented and compared to numerical simulation results with the purpose of CFD model validation.
Improved quality of flash-lamp-crystallized polycrystalline silicon films by using low defect density Cat-CVD a-Si films
Authors: Nozawa Takaki , Ohdaira Keisuke
Published: September 2017

We investigate the influence of the quality of precursor amorphous silicon (a-Si) films on the quality of flash-lamp-crystallized (FLC) polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) films by tuning the conditions of a-Si deposition by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. Electron spin resonance measurement reveals that the defect density of FLC poly-Si films is affected by the defect density of a-Si films, and FLC poly-Si films with lower defect density can be formed by using precursor a-Si films with lower defect density. The same tendency is also confirmed through μ-PCD measurement. Improvement in the characteristics of thin-film crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells can be expected by using high-quality FLC poly-Si films formed from a-Si films with low defect density.
The Treatment of Brain AVMs Study (TOBAS): an all-inclusive framework to integrate clinical care and research
Authors: Magro Elsa , Gentric Jean-Christophe , Batista André Lima , Kotowski Marc , Chaalala Chiraz , Roberge David , Weill Alain , Stapf Christian , Roy Daniel , Bojanowski Michel W. , Darsaut Tim E. , Klink Ruby , Raymond Jean
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE

The management of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) remains controversial. The Treatment of Brain AVMs Study (TOBAS) was designed to manage patients with bAVMs within a clinical research framework. The objective of this study was to study trial feasibility, recruitment rates, patient allocation to the various management groups, and compliance with treatment allocation.

METHODS

TOBAS combines two randomized care trials (RCTs) and a registry. Designed to be all-inclusive, the study offers randomized allocation of interventional versus conservative management to patients eligible for both options (first RCT), a second RCT testing the role of preembolization as an adjunct to surgery or radiotherapy, and a registry of patients managed using clinical judgment alone. The primary outcome of the first RCT is death from any cause or disabling stroke (modified Rankin Scale score > 2) at 10 years. A pilot phase was initiated at one center to test study feasibility, record the number and characteristics of patients enrolled in the RCTs, and estimate the frequency of crossovers.

RESULTS

All patients discussed at the multidisciplinary bAVM committee between June 2014 and June 2016 (n = 107) were recruited into the study; 46 in the randomized trials (23 in the first RCT with 21 unruptured bAVMs, 40 in the second RCT with 17 unruptured bAVMs, and 17 in both RCTs), and 61 patients in the registry. Three patients crossed over from surgery to observation (first RCT).

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical research was successfully integrated with normal practice using TOBAS. Recruitment rates in a single center are encouraging. Whether the trial will provide meaningful results depends on the recruitment of a sufficient number of participating centers.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02098252 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Transorbital endoscopic eyelid approach for resection of sphenoorbital meningiomas with predominant hyperostosis: report of 2 cases
Authors: Almeida João Paulo , Omay Sacit B. , Shetty Sathwik R. , Chen Yu-Ning , Ruiz-Treviño Armando S. , Liang Buqing , Anand Vijay K. , Levine Benjamin , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: September 2017

Sphenoorbital meningiomas (SOMs) are slow-growing tumors that originate from the sphenoidal wing and are associated with visual deterioration, extrinsic ocular movement disorders, and proptosis caused by hyperostosis of the lateral wall of the orbit. In some cases, the intracranial component is quite small or “en plaque,” and the majority of the symptoms arise from adjacent hyperostosis. Craniotomy has traditionally been the standard of care, but new minimally invasive multiportal endoscopic approaches offer an alternative. In the current study, the authors to present their experience with the transorbital endoscopic eyelid approach for the treatment of 2 patients with SOMs and sphenoid wing hyperostosis.

Clinical and radiological data for patients with SOMs who underwent a transorbital endoscopic eyelid approach were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical technique and clinical and radiographic outcomes were analyzed.

The authors report the cases of 2 patients with SOMs and proptosis due to sphenoid wing hyperostosis. One patient underwent prior craniotomy to debulk the intracranial portion of the tumor, and the other had a minimal intracranial component. Both patients were discharged 2 days after surgery. MR images and CT scans demonstrated a large debulking of the hyperostotic bone. Postoperative measurement of the proptosis with the aid of an exophthalmometer demonstrated significant reduction of the proptosis in one of the cases. Persistence of intraconal tumor in the orbital apex limited the efficacy of the procedure in the other case. A review of the literature revealed 1 publication with 3 reports of the transorbital eyelid approach for SOMs. No measure of relief of proptosis after this surgery had been previously reported.

The transorbital endoscopic approach, combined with endonasal decompression of the medial orbit, may be a useful minimally invasive alternative to craniotomy in a subset of SOMs with a predominantly hyperostotic orbital wall and minimal intracranial bulky or merely en plaque disease. In these cases, relief of proptosis and optic nerve compression are the primary goals of surgery, rather than gross-total resection, which may have high morbidity or be unachievable. In cases with significant residual intraconal tumor, orbital bone removal alone may not be sufficient to reduce proptosis.
The sagittal spinal profile type: a principal precondition for surgical decision making in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Bayerl Simon Heinrich , Pöhlmann Florian , Finger Tobias , Franke Jörg , Woitzik Johannes , Vajkoczy Peter
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE

Microsurgical decompression (MD) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) shows good clinical results. Nevertheless, 30%–40% of patients do not have a significant benefit after surgery—probably due to different anatomical preconditions. The sagittal profile types (SPTs 1–4) defined by Roussouly based on different spinopelvic parameters have been shown to influence spinal degeneration and surgical results. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the SPT on the clinical outcome in patients with LSS who were treated with MD.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively investigated 100 patients with LSS who received MD. The patients were subdivided into 4 groups depending on their SPT, which was determined from preoperative lateral spinal radiographs. The authors analyzed pre- and postoperative outcome scales, including the visual analog scale (VAS), walking distance, Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Odom’s criteria, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey score.

RESULTS

Patients with SPT 1 showed a significantly worse clinical outcome concerning their postoperative back pain (VASback-SPT 1 = 5.4 ± 2.8; VASback-SPT 2 = 2.6 ± 1.9; VASback-SPT 3 = 2.9 ± 2.6; VASback-SPT 4 = 1.5 ± 2.5) and back pain–related disability. Only 43% were satisfied with their surgical results, compared with 70%–80% in the other groups.

CONCLUSIONS

A small pelvic incidence with reduced compensation mechanisms, a distinct lordosis in the lower lumbar spine with a high load on dorsal structures, and a long thoracolumbar kyphosis with a high axial load might lead to worse back pain after MD. Therefore, the indication for MD should be provided carefully, fusion can be considered, and other possible reasons for back pain should be thoroughly evaluated and treated.
Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation Alter Synaptic Distribution of Tau Protein: The Role of Phosphorylation
Authors: Mavroeidi Panagiota , Mavrofrydi Olga , Pappa Elpiniki , Panopoulou Myrto , Papazafiri Panagiota , Haralambous Sylva , Efthimiopoulos Spiros
Published: September 2017

Alterations in tau synaptic distribution are considered to underlie synaptic dysfunction observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, brain blood hypoperfusion was simulated in mouse brain slices, and tau levels and phosphorylation were investigated in total extracts, as well as in postsynaptic density fractions (PSDs) and non-PSDs obtained through differential extraction and centrifugation. Oxygen deprivation (OD) resulted in tau dephosphorylation at several AD-related residues and activation of GSK3β and phosphatase PP2A. On the contrary, glucose deprivation (GD) did not affect total levels of cellular tau or its phosphorylation despite inactivation of GSK3β. However, tau distribution in PSD and non-PSD fractions and the pattern of tau phosphorylation in these compartments is highly complex. In PSDs, tau was increased under GD conditions and decreased under OD conditions. GD resulted in tau dephosphorylation at Ser199, Ser262, and Ser396 while OD resulted in tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser199 and Ser404. In the non-PSD fraction, GD or OD resulted in lower levels of tau, but the phosphorylation status of tau was differentially affected. In GD conditions, tau was found dephosphorylated at Ser199, Thr205, and Ser404 and hyperphosphorylated at Ser262. However, in OD conditions tau was found hyperphosphorylated at Thr205, SerSer356, Ser396, and Ser404. Combined OD and GD resulted in degradation of cellular tau and dephosphorylation of PSD tau at Ser396 and Ser404. These results indicate that oxygen deprivation causes dephosphorylation of tau, while GD and OD differentially affect distribution of total tau and tau phosphorylation variants in neuronal compartments by activating different mechanisms.
Inflection Point in Course of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Increased Functional Connectivity of Default Mode Network
Authors: Tao Wuhai , Li Xin , Zhang Junying , Chen Yaojing , Ma Chao , Liu Zhen , Yang Caishui , Wang Wenxiao , Chen Kewei , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhanjun
Published: September 2017

The alteration of the default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity (FC) has been reported in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) as a predictor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, no studies exist that examined stage-dependent DMN FC changes throughout the course of aMCI. The present study aims to characterize patterns of DMN FC over three aMCI stages as first defined. Utilizing the extreme groups approach on the performance of memory tasks, aMCI subjects were divided into mild, moderate, and severe stages. Independent component analysis was used to assess DMN for individual patients in each of the three cross-sectionally defined stages. Instead of finding that continued monotonic decline was the case for the hippocampus volume, which we also investigated in this study, we observed an increase in DMN functional connectivity from mild aMCI to moderate aMCI and a decrease to severe aMCI, mainly in the left precuneus and superior parietal lobe. Moreover, the FC was significantly associated with cognitive performance. Though a longitudinal study is needed to confirm these results, our cross-sectional finding is that non-linear FC changes in DMN could be a characteristic of prodromal early disease development.
Trehalose Improves Cognition in the Transgenic Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Portbury Stuart D. , Hare Dominic J. , Sgambelloni Charlotte , Perronnes Kali , Portbury Ashley J. , Finkelstein David I. , Adlard Paul A.
Published: September 2017

This study assessed the therapeutic utility of the autophagy enhancing stable disaccharide trehalose in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via an oral gavage of a 2% trehalose solution for 31 days. Furthermore, as AD is a neurodegenerative condition in which the transition metals, iron, copper, and zinc, are understood to be intricately involved in the cellular cascades leading to the defining pathologies of the disease, we sought to determine any parallel impact of trehalose treatment on metal levels. Trehalose treatment significantly improved performance in the Morris water maze, consistent with enhanced learning and memory. The improvement was not associated with significant modulation of full length amyloid-β protein precursor or other amyloid-β fragments. Trehalose had no effect on autophagy as assessed by western blot of the LC3-1 to LC3-2 protein ratio, and no alteration in biometals that might account for the improved cognition was observed. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in the hippocampus of both synaptophysin, a synaptic vesicle protein and surrogate marker of synapses, and doublecortin, a reliable marker of neurogenesis. The growth factor progranulin was also significantly increased in the hippocampus and cortex with trehalose treatment. This study suggests that trehalose might invoke a suite of neuroprotective mechanisms that can contribute to improved cognitive performance in AD that are independent of more classical trehalose-mediated pathways, such as Aβ reduction and activation of autophagy. Thus, trehalose may have utility as a potential AD therapeutic, with conceivable implications for the treatment of other neurodegenerative disorders.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 Ratio Improves Concordance with Amyloid-PET for Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Niemantsverdriet Ellis , Ottoy Julie , Somers Charisse , De Roeck Ellen , Struyfs Hanne , Soetewey Femke , Verhaeghe Jeroen , Van den Bossche Tobi , Van Mossevelde Sara , Goeman Johan , De Deyn Peter Paul , Mariën Peter , Versijpt Jan , Sleegers Kristel , Van Broeckhoven Christine , Wyffels Leonie , Albert Adrien , Ceyssens Sarah , Stroobants Sigrid , Staelens Steven , Bjerke Maria , Engelborghs Sebastiaan
Published: September 2017

Background:

Evidence suggests that the concordance between amyloid-PET and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) increases when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio is used as compared to CSF Aβ1–42 levels alone.

Objective:

In order to test this hypothesis, we set up a prospective longitudinal study comparing the concordance between different amyloid biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a clinical setting.

Methods:

Seventy-eight subjects (AD dementia ( n = 17), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 48), and cognitively healthy controls ( n = 13)) underwent a [18F]Florbetapir ([18F]AV45) PET scan, [18F]FDG PET scan, MRI scan, and an extensive neuropsychological examination. In a large subset ( n = 67), a lumbar puncture was performed and AD biomarkers were analyzed (Aβ1–42, Aβ1–40, T-tau, P-tau181).

Results:

We detected an increased concordance in the visual and quantitative (standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and total volume of distribution (VT)) [18F]AV45 PET measures when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 was applied compared to Aβ1–42 alone. CSF biomarkers were stronger associated to [18F]AV45 PET for SUVR values when considering the total brain white matter as reference region instead of cerebellar grey matter

Conclusions:

The concordance between CSF Aβ and [18F]AV45 PET increases when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio is applied. This finding is of most importance for the biomarker-based diagnosis of AD as well as for selection of subjects for clinical trials with potential disease-modifying therapies for AD.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Complaints Screening Tool Exploration of Subjective Cognitive Decline in a Large Cohort of the Chinese Population
Authors: Hao Lixiao , Wang Xiaoni , Zhang Ling , Xing Yue , Guo Qihao , Hu Xiaochen , Mu Bin , Chen Yili , Chen Guanqun , Cao Jing , Zhi Xiaodong , Liu Jiaojiao , Li Xuanyu , Yang Liu , Li Jiachen , Du Wenying , Sun Yu , Wang Ting , Liu Zhen , Liu Zheng , Zhao Xuexue , Li Hongyan , Yu Yang , Wang Xue , Jia Jianguo , Han Ying
Published: September 2017

Background:

Substantial studies have reported the prevalence and the affecting factors of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The complaints screening scale has also been used for probing. However, little is known in China.

Objective:

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of SCD, and explore an SCD complaints screening scale in China.

Methods:

Stratified cluster random sampling was conducted. 2,689 residents aged 60–80 years completed questionnaire 1. 814 residents were included for clinical and neuropsychological evaluations. Two standards were used to make the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and SCD, and a preliminary screening rate comparison was carried out. Finally, we assessed the risk factors of SCD and the correlation between the SCD-questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Long Delay Free Recall (AVLT-LR).

Results:

1) Standard 1 (ADNI2): the prevalence of SCD was 18.8% (95% CI = 14.7–22.9%) and zero conformed to six criteria (SCD plus). 2) Standard 2 (Jak/Bondi): the prevalence of SCD was 14.4% (95% CI = 10.7–18.1%). 3) Standard 1 had a relatively higher “false” positive rate, whereas Standard 2 had higher “false” negative rate. 4) Age, low education, fewer close friends, and daily drinking were independent risk factors for SCD progressing to MCI. 5) Total points of SCD-Q9 were negatively correlated to the value of AVLT-LR.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of SCD is high in the ShunYi District in Beijing, China. Age, low education, less social support, and daily drinking are independent risk factors. The brief SCD-Q9 can be used as a reference.
Neurocognitive and Behavioral Indexes for Identifying the Amnestic Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Cid-Fernández Susana , Lindín Mónica , Díaz Fernando
Published: September 2017

Early identification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subtypes is important for early diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Healthy, single-domain (sdaMCI) and multiple-domain aMCI (mdaMCI) participants performed an auditory-visual distraction-attention task. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while the participants performed the task to evaluate Go/NoGo N2 and P3 ERP components. The results showed the expected behavioral and cognitive decline in mdaMCI participants relative to controls (fewer hits, longer reaction times [RTs], slightly smaller Go-N2 and NoGo-N2 amplitudes), while sdaMCI participants showed some decline (slightly longer RTs, smaller Go- and NoGo-N2 amplitudes) along with some unexpected results (a late positive slow wave, PSW) and good levels of execution. In addition, some of these parameters proved to be useful markers. Thus, the number of hits was the best marker for diagnosing mdaMCI participants (distinguishing them from controls, from sdaMCI participants, and from both groups together), while the PSW amplitude was the best marker for diagnosing sdaMCI participants (distinguishing them from controls, and from control & mdaMCI participants).