bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aging and dental health (middle age versus geriatric age)
Authors: Heta Saimir , Robo Ilma , Haxhiu Eva , Resuli Jona , Rumano Blerta , Kapaj Sonila , Ostreni Vera
Published: September 2022

Background: Aging as a physiological process has attracted the attention of many authors in publication of data about physiological and pathological changes that occur in organism. This study aims to express the latest data in literature about dental changes that occur as a result of aging, at component structures of oral cavity, associated with results in numbers of dental changes, comparing middle age and geriatric age.The study presents data recorded from the patients included in this study, about dental status and about systemic condition and systemic pathologies that patients suffer from. Data were recorded at different times, including a total of 93 patients. After clinical examination, endodontically treated teeth were initially recorded. The data about prosthetic treatment were recorded, divided into categories of partial or total prosthetic treatment. The systemic diseases from which patients suffer were recorded.Results: 78% of patients have natural teeth in oral cavity. The range of 16-25 teeth in oral cavity, i.e. 50-78% of mouth filled with natural teeth, includes 22% of patients: 5% of pre-geriatric age and 17% of geriatric age. Edentulism is present in status at level of 22%, while the lack of endo treatment is 39% even in clinical cases where deep caries was present in oral cavity. The presence in 78% of clinical cases with natural teeth is associated with 61% of these same cases of endodontic treatment. Fixed prosthesis is presented in 84% of clinical cases included in the study, while removable prosthesis, regardless of whether it is total or partial, is presented in 61% of clinical cases of the study.Conclusions: The comparison of middle age and geriatric age about collected dental data leads to results that clearly speak about the tendency for prosthetic replacements with both fixed prosthesis and removable prosthesis, placing emphasis the role of dental status at the whole organism. The significant increase in percentage of endodontically treated teeth is another value that speaks of the population's awareness of dental care. The presence of natural teeth, expressed in numbers and percentages, is a value that reflects data on dental care over the years.
Caffeic Acid attenuates acrylamide induced biochemical, hematological and histological alterations in rats
Authors: Gupta Divya , Shrivastava Sadhana , Gupte Shamli S. , Shukla Sangeeta
Published: September 2022

Acrylamide is formed during processing of food at high temperature and is documented as a well-known neurotoxic, carcinogenic and has many adverse effects on human health. Therefore, it is the need of hour to reduce the detrimental effect of acrylamide. In the present sub-chronic study 18 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. These groups were normal saline, toxicant, and toxicant (19.13 mg/kg) + therapy (20 mg/kg). Our result showed all the sign and symptoms of acrylamide toxicity which include reduction in the body weight, hind limb splaying, hair loss and skin irritation. A significant alteration in the hematological parameters and sharp enhancement in AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, GGT, urea, uric acid and triglycerides was recorded. Activity of acetylcholinesterase significantly reduced in brain after acrylamide administration. Acrylamide exposure resulted into increased mean DNA damage and tail length in liver, kidney and brain as compared to normal evident by COMET assay. Our biochemical findings were reinforced by histological observation. Treatment with caffeic acid restored tissue and serological indices accompanying towards normal.
The Differences among Full Sternotomy, Partial Sternotomy, and Right Infra-axillary Thoracotomy with Stonehenge Technique for Aortic Valve Surgery
Authors: Tashima Yasushi , Fujita Ryo , Sano Taichi , Nakamura Noriyuki , Adachi Koichi , Kimura Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Atsushi
Published: September 2022

Background: The surgical outcomes of trans-right axillary aortic valve replacement (AVR) with Stonehenge technique (SHAVR), which involves in pulling the heart closer to the right chest wall with retraction sutures of the pericardium to improve the surgical view, remains unknown although the partial sternotomy (PAVR) is widely recognized as a minimally invasive approach for AVR. We evaluated the surgical outcomes of the respective approaches compared to the conventional approach (CAVR).Methods: A retrospective analysis of 137 consecutive patients who underwent isolated and initial AVR was performed at our institution between January 2009 and December 2020. After matching propensity scores with preoperative characteristics, surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups (PAVR vs. CAVR: n = 22 each, SHAVR vs. CAVR: n = 28 each). Results: The SHAVR group did not show any significant differences in operative time, aortic cross-clamp time, CPB time, postoperative complications, and hospital death compared with the CAVR group. The length of hospital stay was likely to be shorter in the SHAVR group and the PAVR group than in the CAVR group (P = 0.043, P = 0.047). However, in the PAVR group, operative time, aortic cross-clamp time, and CPB time were significantly longer than in the CAVR group (P = 0.029, P = 0.015, P = 0.003), although there were no significant differences in postoperative complications and hospital death. Based on Multivariate risk analysis, PAVR (in comparison to SHAVR) was an independent risk factor for more than 2 hours of prolonged CPB time (P = 0.034).Conclusion: These findings suggest that SHAVR can be a safe technique and has cosmetic benefits and a faster CPB time than PAVR.
Clinical prediction model for pulmonary embolism diagnosis in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Franco-Moreno A. , Brown-Lavalle D. , Rodríguez-Ramírez N. , Muñoz-Roldán C. , Rubio-Aguilera AI. , Campos-Arenas M. , Muñoz-Rivas N. , Moya-Mateo E. , Ruiz-Giardín JM. , Pardo-Guimerá V. , Ulla-Anes M. , Pedrero-Tomé R. , Torres-Macho J. , Bustamante-Fermosel A.
Published: September 2022

Background: We aimed to develop a clinical prediction model for pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: Hospitalized non-intensive care unit COVID-19 patients who underwent a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram for suspected PE were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological variables were selected as potential factors associated with the presence of PE. Multivariable Cox regression analysis to develop a score for estimating the pretest probability of PE was used. The score was internally validated by bootstrap analysis.Results: Among the 271 patients who underwent a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram, 132 patients (48.70%) had PE. Heart rate >100 bpm (OR 4.63 [95% CI 2.30–9.34]; p<0.001), respiratory rate >22 bpm (OR 5.21 [95% CI 2.00–13.54]; p<0.001), RALE score ≥4 (OR 3.24 [95% CI 1.66–6.32]; p<0.001), C-reactive protein  >100 mg/L (OR 2.10 [95% CI 0.95–4.63]; p = 0.067), and D-dimer >3.000 ng/mL (OR 6.86 [95% CI 3.54–13.28]; p<0.001) at the time of suspected pulmonary thrombosis were independent predictors of PE. Using these variables, we constructed a nomogram (CHEDDAR score [C-reactive protein, HEart rate, D-Dimer, RALE score, and Respiratory rate]) for estimating the pretest probability of PE in an individual patient. The score showed a high predictive ability (AUC 0.877; 95% CI: 0.83−0.92). A score lower than 182 points on the nomogram confers low probability of PE with a negative predictive value of 92%. Conclusions: CHEDDAR score can be used to estimate the pretest probability of PE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients outside intensive care unit.
Engineering of Hole Transporting Interface by Incorporating the Atomic-Precision Ag6 Nanoclusters for High-Efficiency Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhang Fujun , Gao Yanbo , Lu Po , Zhong Yuan , Liu Yue , Bao Xinyu , Xu Zehua , Lu Min , Wu Yanjie , Chen Ping , Hu Junhua , Zhang Yu , Wu Zhennan , Song Hongwei
Published: September 2022

The property of the underlying hole transport layer (HTL) plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic performance of perovskite light-emitting devices (PeLEDs), as their governing abilities in carrier injection and charge transport. However, endowing the current HTL system with a deep highest occupied molecular (HOMO) level concurrent with high hole mobility is still a big challenge, in particular being an open constraint toward high-efficiency blue (range of 460–495 nm) PeLEDs. In this regard, employing the traditional HTL material of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a model, we perform efficient incorporation of the atomic-precision metal nanoclusters (NCs), [Ag6PL6, PL = (S)-4-Phenylthiazolidine-2-thione], to achieve significant tailoring in both of HOMO energy level (from − 5.8 eV to -5.94 eV) and hole mobility from (2.5×10− 5 to 2.34×10− 4 cm2 V− 1 s− 1), thus realizing the flat-band injection of holes between HTL and emitting layer and a strengthened ability in hole transport. As a result, the as-modified PeLEDs exhibit an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.02% at 488 nm, which is around 1.3 times higher than that of the control device, i.e., 9.48%. The presented study exemplifies the success of metal NCs involved in HTL engineering by deepening the concept of the metallic molecule, and offers a simple while an effective additive strategy to settle the blue PeLEDs HTL dilemma, which paves the way for the fabrication of highly efficient blue PeLEDs.
Circulating Th17 T Cells at Treatment Onset Predict Autoimmune Toxicity of PI3Kδ Inhibitors
Authors: Gadi Deepti , Martindale Stephen , Chiu Pui , Khalsa Jasneet , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Fernandes Stacey , Wang Zixu , Tyekucheva Svitlana , Machado John-Hanson , Fisher David , Armand Philippe , Davids Matthew , Rodig Scott , Sherry Barbara , Brown Jennifer
Published: September 2022

PI3Kδ inhibitors are approved for the therapy of B cell malignancies, but their clinical use has been limited by unpredictable autoimmune toxicity, despite promising efficacy and evidence that toxicity is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Prior phenotypic evaluation by CyTOF has identified increases in activated CD8 T cells with activation of Th17 T cells, as well as decreases in Tregs, particularly in patients with toxicity. Here we sought to further understand the effects of idelalisib and duvelisib in vitro, and demonstrate that both idelalisib and duvelisib can inhibit T cell proliferation as well as Th1 and Treg differentiation in vitro, while promoting Th2 and Th17 differentiation. We further demonstrate directly using intracellular flow cytometry that autoimmune toxicity in patients is associated with higher absolute numbers of CD4 and CD8 T cells with Th17 differentiation in peripheral blood prior to therapy, and that gastrointestinal tissues from patients with active autoimmune complications of PI3Kδ inhibitors show infiltration with Th17 + T cells. These same tissues show depletion of Tregs as compared to CLL patients without toxicity, suggesting that loss of Tregs may be permissive for Th17 activation to lead to autoimmune toxicity. Clinical trials to restore this balance are warranted.
Sonographic characteristics of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma with histopathological correlation: a preliminary study
Authors: Li Wanying , Wang Ying , Gao Luying , Feng Ruie , Lv Ke , Wu Xining , Yang Xiao , Li Jianchu , Cai Sheng , Wang Hongyan
Published: September 2022

Background: Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSVPTC) is a rare but high invasive subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma, which mandates an aggressive clinical strategy. Few studies have focused on the sonographic characteristics of DSVPTC and the role of ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of this variant remains unknown. This study aimed to identify and understand DSVPTC more accurately under ultrasound in correlation with pathology.Methods: The ultrasound characteristics and histopathologic sections of 10 lesions in 10 DSVPTC patients who underwent thyroid surgery at our center between 2014 and 2020 were reviewed and compared with 184 lesions in 168 classic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC) patients.Results: 6 DSVPTC cases (60%) showed the “snowstorm” pattern on sonogram and 4 cases (40%) presented hypoechoic solid nodules only. Vague borders (100.0% vs. 18.5%, P=0.019) and abundant microcalcifications (66.7% vs. 10.9%, P=0.037) were more common in DSVPTC nodules than in cPTC nodules, corresponding to the infiltrating boundaries and numerous psammoma bodies under the microscope respectively. Most of the DSVPTC cases had a heterogeneous background (80%) and suspicious metastatic cervical lymph nodes (80%) on sonograms. All DSVPTC cases had histopathological metastatic cervical lymph nodes.Conclusion: The sonographic “snowstorm” pattern indicated DSVPTC with whole-lobe occupation. Hypoechoic solid nodules with vague borders and abundant microcalcifications on sonogram suggested DSVPTC lesion with an ongoing invasion. Regardless of which of the two sonograms was shown, the corresponding DSVPTC lesions were aggressive and required the same attention from the surgeons.
Association between Time-Updated Eosinophil Counts and Progression of CKD
Authors: Hattori Kohki , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Oka Tatsufumi , Kawaoka Takayuki , Kajimoto Sachio , Asahina Yuta , Matsui Isao , Mizui Masayuki , Kaimori Jun-Ya , Isaka Yoshitaka
Published: September 2022

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high blood eosinophil count but its clinical implication is uncertain. Since eosinophils may induce tubulointerstitial injury and arteriosclerosis, eosinophilia might be related to poor clinical outcomes. This retrospective cohort study included 2,877 patients whose estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 10–60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The exposure was time-updated blood eosinophil counts. The outcomes were 1) initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and 2) cardiovascular events and mortality. We analyzed the associations between eosinophil counts and outcomes using marginal structural models (MSM). Over a median follow-up of 6.5 years, eosinophil counts were measured a median of 22 times per patient (4 times a year per patient). There was a negative correlation between eosinophil count and eGFR. In total, 433 patients initiated RRT, 275 developed cardiovascular events, and 165 died. In MSM, higher eosinophil counts (≥ 289/µL) showed a 1.83-fold (95% confidence interval:1.33–2.51) higher rate of RRT initiation than lower eosinophil counts after adjustment for time-dependent confounders. Higher eosinophil counts were also associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular events and mortality in MSM (hazard ratio, 1.71 [95% confidence interval:1.30–2.25]). In conclusion, patients with CKD who had higher eosinophil counts showed worse kidney outcome.
Dielectric, Thermal, and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Abdelhamid Hani Nasser
Published: September 2022

Biodegradable polymers exhibit shortcomings, including low thermal stability and electrical conductivity. These challenges limit the broad applications of several applications, such as electronic devices. They show suitable dielectric, thermal, and electrical conductivity compared to the biodegradable polymer alone. Several methods can improve biodegradable polymers' dielectric, thermal, and electric conductivity, including co-polymerization, blending, and cross-linking with other polymers. Furthermore, the formation of nanocomposites seems to be the most effective method to improve the properties and performance of biodegradable polymers. This book chapter summarized biodegradable polymers' dielectric, thermal, and electrical conductivity. Biodegradable polymers nanocomposites consisting of polymers blend, inorganic, and other nanomaterials were discussed.
Occurrence, fate, and ecological risk assessment of Endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewerage drains and sewage treatment plant
Authors: Puri Mehak , Gandhi Kavita , Kashyap Sanjay M. , Kumar M. Suresh
Published: September 2022

In the present work, wastewater treatment plant and sewerage drains from Nagpur, Central India were studied for frequently occurring endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). All the EDCs, such as bisphenol A (BPA), butylparaben (BuP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were present in all the collected samples with a detection frequency of 100%. Laboratory analysis revealed high BPA, BuP, and DEP levels, with mean concentrations of 79.10 ng/L, 4.12 ng/L, and 2.25 µg/L, respectively, in influent samples and 33.20 ng/L, 1.62 ng/L, and 0.77 µg/L, respectively, in effluent wastewater. The distribution of the emergent pollutants among the sampling locations was found to be consistent with the physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater, according to the component analysis, and the sites with the highest levels of contamination were also identified. Finally, an ecological risk assessment was carried out for aquatic biota in terms of risk quotients (RQs). The RQs for the target chemicals in effluent wastewater suggested a minimal impact, except for the target insect Chrironomus riparius, which had an RQ value of 33.20 for BPA.
Low energy availability reduces bone mass and gonadal function in male mice
Authors: Ito Eri , Sato Yuiko , Kobayashi Tami , Soma Tomoya , Matsumoto Tatsuaki , Kimura Atushi , Miyamoto Kana , Matsumoto Hideo , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Sato Kazuki , Miyamoto Takeshi
Published: September 2022

In women, the female athlete triad, marked by low energy availability, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and osteoporosis, is a recognized risk for stress fractures. Stress injuries also occur in men, but by contrast risks and mechanisms underlying them are less characterized. Here we propose that low energy availability puts men at risk for stress injuries as well. Male low energy availability model mice, established by limiting food intake, exhibited significantly reduced testicle weight, serum testosterone levels and bone mass. Such losses in bone mass were enhanced by exercise in food-restricted (FR) male mice. Histological analysis revealed that both bone-resorbing and -forming activities were significantly reduced in FR or FR plus exercise (FR+ex) mice, mimicking a state of low bone turnover. Significantly reduced bone mass in FR or FR+ex male mice was significantly rescued by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 (1.25) or ED71 (ED), both active vitamin D analogues, with significant restoration of osteoblastic activities. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which activates osteoblastic activities and is critical for bone remodeling, were significantly lower in FR versus control male mice, but restored by administration of either of vitamin D analogue. However, administration of recombinant IGF-I did not rescue reduced bone mass in FR male mice, and administration of either active vitamin D analogue could increase bone mass even in IGF-I conditional knockout FR male mice. Taken together, conditions comparable to the female athlete triad are also a risk for male stress injuries, and low energy availability is upstream of gonadal dysfunction and osteoporosis in males. Active vitamin D analogues could serve as therapeutic or preventive options for stress injuries in men.
Radiative cooling wrapping films with controlled hierarchical porous structures
Authors: Park Choyeon , Park Chanil , Park Sungmin , Choi Jae-Hak , Kim Yong Seok , Yoo Youngjae
Published: September 2022

Current research has focused on effective solutions to mitigate global warming and the accelerating greenhouse gas emissions. Compared to most cooling methods requiring energy and resources, passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) technology offers excellent energy savings as it requires no energy consumption. However, existing PDRC materials encounter unprecedented problems such as complex structures, low flexibility, and performance degradation after stretching. Thus, this study reports a porous structured thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film with bimodal pores to produce high-efficiency PDRC with efficient solar scattering using a simple process. The TPU film exhibited an adequately high solar reflectivity of 0.93 and an emissivity of 0.90 in the atmospheric window to achieve an ambient cooling of 5.6°C at midday under a solar intensity of 800 W/m2. Thus, the highly elastic and flexible TPU film was extremely suitable for application on objects with complex shapes. The radiative cooling performance of 3D-printed models covered with these TPU films demonstrated their superior indoor cooling efficiency compared to commercial white paint (8.76°C). Thus, the proposed design of high-efficiency PDRC materials is applicable in various urban infrastructural objects such as buildings and vehicles.
Long-Term Effects in Structures: background and recent developments
Authors: Harapin Alen , Jurišić Marino , Bebek Neda , Sunara Marina
Published: September 2022

The article presents overview of selected long-term effects in civil-engineering structures. Those effects are usually neglected in standard engineering practice, but in some cases can be very important for mechanical resistance and safety of the structures. Main aspects of these phenomena are discussed, with three illustrative examples which accentuated why is important to take them into account.
WITHDRAWN: High-frequency of twin-embryo seeds with clonal and sexually produced embryos drives apomixis in hybrid rice
Authors: Junhao Dan , Xia Yumei , Zhan Yijie , Zhang Longhui , Tang Ning , Wang Yao , Tian Junyou , Deng Huafeng , Cao Mengliang
Published: September 2022

Heterosis is a common phenomenon in biology, and fixation of heterosis can be achieved via artificially induced apomixis. Sundaresan's team used mitosis instead of meiosis (MiMe) rice mutants that ectopically expressed BBM1 in egg cells to induce the production of clonal seeds. In this study, we ectopically expressed BBM1 in MiMe mutants, and 62.50% of the seeds produced by Yongyou 4949 hybrid rice were clonal. More importantly, a high frequency of twin seedlings (33.56%) was detected. Moreover, a low frequency (1.41%) of twin seedlings was obtained only when BBM1 was ectopically expressed, and no twin seedlings were found when the genome of the MiMe mutant was edited. These findings suggest that the high frequency of twin seedlings resulted from the ectopic expression of BBM1 combined with MiMe. The embryo sacs of the twin seedlings were removed and subjected to cytological observations. One sperm combined with the polar nucleus to develop into the endosperm, and the other sperm combined with the egg cell to form a zygotic embryo. Moreover, a synergid cell near the egg cell developed into an embryo through apogamy, thus resulting in the formation of two embryos. The results showed that AtDD45-driven BBM1 could induce synergid cells to develop into embryos autonomously through normal fertilization of egg cells, resulting in the formation of twin seedlings. This study provides a theoretical reference and new ideas for research on apomixis in hybrid rice and is important for promoting the fixation of heterosis of hybrid rice.
On the generalized Lambert transform over Lebesgue and Boehmian spaces
Authors: Maan Jeetendrasingh , Negrin E.R. , Gonzalez B. J.
Published: September 2022

In this paper we study the generalized Lambert transform introduced by Raina and Srivastava (Rev. Tecn. Fac. Ingr. Univ. Zulia, 18(3), 301-304, 1995) over Lebesgue spaces. We also extend this transform to Boehmian spaces.
Altered microbiome and metabolome features provide clues in understanding strain- specific regulation of Streptococcus thermophilus in the host
Authors: Yu Peng , Jiang Yang , Pan Yuqi , Guo Min , Yang Bo , Liu Xiaoming , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei
Published: September 2022

Background: Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products. However, few studies have explored alterations in fecal and serum metabolites in hosts by multiple S. thermophilus strains. In the present study, we investigated how four S. thermophilus strains influenced the gut microbiota and host metabolism after 28 days of intervention in mice.Results: The results indicate that the consumption of S. thermophilus affected the host with strain specificity. Tryptophan metabolism is regulated by decreased indole derivatives and increased serotonin generation by the four S. thermophilus strains, which is mainly related to the reduction of Alistipes and Eubacterium. Ingestion of strains DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 resulted in more remarkable changes in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism than that of strains LMD9 and 4M6, which may be related to the elevation of intestinal Bifidobacterium by DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the four S. thermophilus strains belonged to different branches in the phylogenetic tree, and DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 had more genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and signal transduction.Conclusions: Our study provides valuable information for understanding the regulation of host metabolism after consuming different S. thermophilus strains and could facilitate potential personalized applications of S. thermophilus based on strain varieties.
discovery of dwarf bees Apis florea Colonies on the western coast of the Red Sea in central eastern Egypt
Authors: Ali Mahmoud Abbas
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted in the southern eastern coast of Egypt of the Red Sea region to identify some types of bees that are likely to be present in this coastal region. The work was carried out through surveys that covered an area the longest of which is about 20 km and a width of 2.5 km. The results of the morphological definition showed the presence of dwarf bees in the Safaga area and the buildings were more Places where colonies of dwarf bees were found. The number of colonies recorded an average of 5 colonies / km2. The most widespread plants were Sidr. The results also showed the continuous movement of colonies.
Expectations, justice and life satisfaction: evidence from Europe
Authors: Nicolitsas Daphne
Published: September 2022

The literature on life satisfaction suggests, inter alia, that individuals respond to deviations from expectations and that fairness and justice are important for life satisfaction. This paper addresses the issue of whether pay lower than expectations is associated with diminished life satisfaction and whether this association is more pronounced when fairness and justice are perceived to be lacking. Using individual-level data from the 2010/11 European Social Survey (ESS) we proxy pay expectations with the fitted values from an extended mincerian wage equation and compare this to actual pay. We also use a self-reported measure of whether pay received is commensurate to the effort exercised. Through a series of ordered probits we look at whether the two measures of the deviation of pay from expectations are associated with life satisfaction and whether this association is stronger when the individual perceives that justice and fairness are not in general being served. Fairness is here proxied by the view individuals have about courts' workings. The reported results suggest that life satisfaction is lower in countries with a higher share of individuals perceiving courts to be unfair. The hypothesis that life satisfaction is associated with unfairness at the individual-level cannot be rejected either. In addition, dissatisfaction with pay appears to be negatively associated with life satisfaction and the association is stronger for individuals who perceive the justice system to be weak.
Impact of War on Livestock and Forage Products and Marketing in Waghemra Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Ebsa Yared , Abate Sale
Published: September 2022

The household intensity of market sale values of forage and livestock products was influenced by age, total household income, saving amount positively and by extension contact, off/nonfarm income, family size and war negatively. The war had a negative significant impact on forage and livestock products and marketing of forage and livestock products. War will have a stronger effect on milk production, livestock numbers, honey production and total market sale values of forage and livestock products who did not affected by war than those who already affected. The war has caused many problems such as forage crops had not been cultivated and harvested on time, deforestation of forage trees and shrubs; and trampling of forage crops and natural pasture, livestock diseases and poor access to veterinary products and services, declining purchasing power of money, lack of clear market information about forage and livestock products, uncontrolled price fluctuationAs a recommendation Federal, Regional and local administrations, formal financial institutions, universities and NGOs should work together by strengthen development agents by building their capacity to encourage their support by providing training and technical support about forage and livestock products, enhance household saving , give training for the family members about the consumptions of livestock products. Offering improved forage products for farmers, build good market structure, control price fluctuation, solving problems by peace way and offering reliefs for the farmers who damaged by war in order to improve household participation in livestock and forage products, and marketed surplus of forage and livestock products in the study area.
Diagnostic Accuracy of MR Imaging of Patients with Leptomeningeal Seeding from Lung Adenocarcinoma after Chemotherapy using a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Seong Minjung , Park Sehhoon , Kim Sung Tae , Park Sung Goo , Kim Yikyung , Cha Jihoon , Kim Eung Yeop , Kim Hyung-Jin , Ahn Myung-Ju
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced(CE) MRI in evaluation of leptomeningeal metastasis(LM) on the MRI after chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI). MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data of 35 non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients registered to NCT03257124 from May 2017 to December 2018, who had progressed disease despite the chemotherapy using TKI and had CSF cytology result positive for malignant cells at the time of registration. 29 patients whose MRI exhibited LM at the time of registration were enrolled. After chemotherapy, MRI scans and following CSF exams were performed in every two months. Each patient underwent MRI scans from once to nine times. Total 113 MRI scans were evaluated. For each CE MRI scan, positivity for LM was evaluated in 3D T1-weighted image(T1WI) and 2D FLAIR, respectively. The diagnostic performance was calculated using CSF cytology result as a reference standard.ResultsCSF results were positive in 69 exams and negative in 44. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CE 3D T1WI were 0.51, 0.55, 0.63, 0.41, and 0.52; and those of CE 2D FLAIR were 0.45, 0.49, 0.58, 0.36, and 0.46. After chemotherapy, discrepancy of CSF and MRI results tended to increase over time. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI after chemotherapy were 0.66, 0.58, 0.62, and 0.47 at the first, second, third, and fourth follow-up, respectively.ConclusionMRI is not satisfactory enough in evaluation of LM in NSCLC patients after treatment using TKI. CSF study may be inevitable for the evaluation of treatment response.
Correlation of SUVmax measured by 18 F-FDG PET/CT and expressions of glucose metabolism regulatory proteins in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Yuan Xiaorui , Huang Rui , Wang Yunhua , Tan Yanlin , Fu Chun
Published: September 2022

Background: We analyzed the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and expressions of glucose metabolism regulatory proteins in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)，and aimed to confirm the quantitative relationship between SUVmax and glucose metabolism.Methods: From November 2017 to November 2019, 30 patients with EOC in the study group and 30 women without ovary disease in the control group underwent PET / CT examination. SUVmax of primary and metastatic lesions of each patient before initial treatment, and that of normal ovaries of each woman were measured. The SUVmax of primary EOC lesions, metastatic EOC lesions and normal ovaries were compared. The expressions of glucose metabolism regulatory proteins, containing glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), c-Myc, p53, Ki-67 and hypoxia-inhibitory factor-1α (HIF-1α) were tested by immunohistochemistry in primary and metastatic tissues of the study group. The correlation between SUVmax and the expression levels of glucose metabolism regulatory proteins was analyzed.Results: The SUVmax of primary EOC lesions was the highest (16.61±7.70), followed by metastatic EOC lesions (9.13±5.43), and that of normal ovaries was the lowest (19.40±2.14) among three different tissues (P < 0.0001). SUVmax of primary EOC lesions showed no correlation with age, tumor differentiation, clinical stage and histopathological subtype in the study group (p>0.05). The expressions of Glut1, p53 and c-Myc in primary lesions were higher than those in metastatic lesions (P=0.002,0.23,0.022, respectively). SUVmax was only correlated with expression of Glut1 in primary and metastatic EOC lesions (correlation coefficients 0.474 and 0.469, respectively; both p<0.05).Conclusion: High levels of SUVmax can reflect the active glucose metabolism of primary and metastatic lesions in EOC. Glut1 is a glucose metabolism regulatory protein closely related to SUVmax in EOC.
Optimized NO2 and H2S gas sensor based on Si nanostructure incorporated gold nanoparticles
Authors: Alber Anita S. , Mutlak Falah
Published: September 2022

In this study the gold nanoparticle are investigated to find the optimum condition to manufacturing NO2 and H2S gas sensor. The laser ablation approach been extensively used in preparation prepare gold nanoparticles on a porous silicon substrate using n-type silicon wafers. Used a Nd-YAG laser with a (1064, 532) nm wavelength, numbers of shot 500 and energies (600, 800, and 1000) mJ. The morphological and optical of the Au nanoparticles are studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), reflection spectra and study sensing properties. In AuNPs quantum confinement has an effect as seen by a slight shift in the high-energy side of the PL spectrum's peak. With longer wavelengths and lower energies, the crystal with the shorter wavelength 532 nm has a greater refractive index. We observe that it has the largest visible wavelength 591 nm and peaks that are displaced to higher wavelengths. The H2S and NO2 gas sensors sensitivity, recuperation time, and reaction time built since prepared samples were all affected by changes in operation temperature. For each of the gases tested, the highest sensitivity was 30% in 532 nm and 155% in1064nm at 800 mJ for H2S gas while NO2 gas was around 24% in 532 nm and 23% in 1064 nm at 800 mJ. The Au nanoparticles produced by laser ablation create excellent gas sensing and might be a viable solution for industrial gas sensing applications.
An Algorithm to Classify Homologous Series Within Compound Datasets
Authors: Lai Adelene , Schaub Jonas , Steinbeck Christoph , Schymanski Emma L.
Published: September 2022

Homologous series are groups of related compounds that share the same core structure attached to a motif that repeats to different degrees. Compounds forming homologous series are of interest in multiple domains, including natural products, environmental chemistry, and drug design. However, many homologous compounds remain unannotated as such in compound datasets, which poses obstacles to understanding chemical diversity and their analytical identification via database matching. To overcome these challenges, an algorithm to detect homologous series within compound datasets was developed and implemented using the RDKit. The algorithm takes a list of molecules as SMILES strings and a monomer (i.e., repeating unit) encoded as SMARTS as its main inputs. In an iterative process, substructure matching of repeating units, molecule fragmentation, and core detection lead to homologous series classification through grouping of identical cores. Three open compound datasets from environmental chemistry (NORMAN Suspect List Exchange, NORMAN-SLE), exposomics (PubChemLite for Exposomics), and natural products (the COlleCtion of Open NatUral producTs, COCONUT) were subject to homologous series classification using the algorithm. Over 2000, 12000, and 5000 series with CH2 repeating units were classified in the NORMAN-SLE, PubChemLite, and COCONUT respectively. Validation of classified series was performed using published homologous series and structure categories, including a comparison with a similar existing method for categorising PFAS compounds. The OngLai algorithm and its implementation for classifying homologues are openly available at: https://github.com/adelenelai/onglai-classify-homologues.
A novel Y-Z magnetic totally implantable venous access port based on the magnetic anchor technique
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Lyu Xin , Wang Juanjuan , Shi Aihua , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiaopeng
Published: September 2022

A totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) is a commonly used intravenous infusion device for patients receiving chemotherapy or long-term infusion therapy. To improve the success rate of one-time insertion of the Huber needle, we developed a novel Y-Z magnetic TIVAP (Y-Z MTIVAP), which we produced using three-dimensional printing technology. The Y-Z MTIVAP includes a magnetic port body and a magnetic positioning device. For testing, we established four venous port implantation models using the two types of TIVAPs and two implantation depth ranges (≤ 5 mm and > 5 mm). Twenty nurses performed Huber needle puncture with the four models, and we recorded the number of attempts required for successful needle insertion, the operation time, and the operator’s satisfaction. The success rate for one-time needle insertion with the Y-Z MTIVAP was significantly higher than that with the traditional TIVAP at either depth range (100% vs 75% at ≤ 5 mm, p = 0.047; 95% vs 35% at > 5 mm, p < 0.001). With increasing implantation depth, the success rate for one-time insertion was significantly reduced with the traditional TIVAP (75% at ≤ 5 mm vs 35% vs > 5 mm, p = 0.025), but the success rate with the Y-Z MTIVAP was not significantly affected (100% vs 98%, p = 1.000). The operation time with the Y-Z MTIVAP was significantly shorter than that with the traditional TIVAP at either depth range (both p < 0.001), and 90% of operators reported that the Y-Z MTIVAP was superior to the traditional TIVAP. In conclusion, Y-Z MTIVAP was associated with a significantly improved puncture success rate and shortened operation time, and thus, has important clinical application value.
“The stone from another mountain can help to polish jade”
Authors: Li Yongyan , Chen Qianshan , Ge Meng , Wang Simon
Published: September 2022

In L1 writing instruction, imitation pedagogy is potentially practiced in different parts of the world, yet there has been very little communication among practitioners and researchers on this topic. In the study to be reported in this paper, we aimed to answer the question “How is imitation recommended as a writing pedagogy in a sample of books on Chinese L1 composition?” Discussions of how to use imitation as a writing pedagogy were extracted from a sample of 41 books on Chinese L1 composition to form a dataset of 68,700 Chinese characters. Qualitative content analysis was applied to the dataset in NVivo 12 using a data-driven approach and resulted in a coding structure. In the paper we focus on elaborating two dimensions of our coding structure that addressed the research question in a practical light: “Implementing the imitation pedagogy” and “Going beyond imitation to achieve innovation.” Our findings point to similarities between Chinese and Western practices in using imitation as a writing pedagogy, and highlight a distinction between imitation and plagiarism made in the dataset as well a range of strategies recommended for going beyond imitation to achieve innovation. It is hoped that our paper would contribute to exchanges on L1 writing education between China and the rest of the world.
Seed Legislation in the United States
Authors: Rollin S. F.
Published: September 2022

Seed legislation in the United States consists of two primary categories; Federal legislation, and state legislation. Federal legislation is contained in the Federal Seed Act of August 9, 1939, as amended; and state legislation is contained in seed laws of each of the 50 states. Each state seed law applies to seed sold or offered for sale within that state. The Federal Seed Act applies to seed moving in interstate commerce. In addition, the Federal Seed Act applies to foreign commerce; that is, to seed offered for importation into the United States. The Federal Seed Act does not regulate seed exported from the United States.
Fruit Development, Maturation, Ripening, and Senescence: A Biochemical Basis for Horticultural Terminology1
Authors: Gortner Willis A. , Dull Gerald G. , Krauss Beatrice H.
Published: September 2022

The terminology used to describe developmental stages of fruits is often confusing or even misleading. “Mature” and “ripe” are often used synonymously. We find reference to “green” fruit, based on skin or peel color, used interchangeably with “unripe”, the latter without referring to pigmentation but rather to a state of non-palatability. We see in the literature such words used synonymously as “overripe” and “senescent” in describing a fruit in a very late stage of development. Such terms as “early maturity”, “optimum maturity”, or “full maturity” leave some doubt as to what stage is actually under consideration. At best, different authors are not always referring to the same stage, even when dealing with the same fruit.
Effect of Attapulgus Clay, Media, and Season on the Growth of Turnips1
Authors: del Valle C. G. , Worley R. E. , Harmon S. A. , Valli V. J.
Published: September 2022

A pot study using Tifton loamy sand and quartz sand determined the effect of Attapulgus Clay (AC) on the growth of turnips as a soil amendment.

Applications of AC increased the growth of all parts of the turnip plant. Yield of edible roots and leaves was significantly higher than the check when the soil and sand medium contained 1% AC. A concentration of 5% AC was required for significant increases in fibrous root yield. Leaf growth and dry matter percentage in the edible root was .87 g/pot and 1.46 percentage points higher, respectively, in the soil than in the sand media. Conversely, fibrous root growth was .47 g/pot higher in the sand than in the soil media. In the spring edible root and leaf growth were 6.97 and 6.48 g/pot, respectively, higher than in the fall for a 60-day growth period.
A Simplified Method for Measuring the Carbon Dioxide Content of Field Air Samples
Authors: Hopen H. J.
Published: September 2022

The measurement of carbon dioxide under field conditions is difficult by alkali titration (5) and colorimetric methods (2,4). Static absorption by alkali can be utilized for inplace measurements but is dependent on ambient turbulence. The common colorimetric method (2) is temperature dependent and requires a constant temperature for absorption.
Some Results of Research on the Use of Peat and Muck for Vegetable Production Under Glass
Authors: Chroboczek E. , Karasinska J.
Published: September 2022

Due to scarcity of manure for use in preparing seed and potting compost, and also for use in growing plants to maturity under glass, interest in using peat and muck for these purposes has increased. In Poland there are about 1.8 million hectares (4.4 million acres) of these organic soils, and the area of glasshouses is also expanding. Of these organic soils, about 90% is muck and 10% is peat; thus, the cost of muck per cubic meter is about 1/3 that of peat.
Desirable Features of Accreditation for Horticulture
Authors: Mohr Hubert C.
Published: September 2022

The most desirable feature of proposing an accreditation program for horticulture may be that of making horticulturists more acutely aware of the serious problems that must be solved if education in their professional field is to continue at the university level. There is entirely too much complacency in our profession. The steadily increasing emphasis upon research has resulted in an indifference, if not an actual opposition, toward the undergraduate teaching program in a number of Land Grant institutions. This now seems to be extending to the master’s degree program, in some cases, with only the PhD program carrying prestige in the teaching area of horticulture. It seems pertinent to raise such questions as these: where will our future PhD candidates receive the motivation to become professional horticulturists? Can we expect to continue to have both the quantity and quality of graduate students we need without strong undergraduate programs?
What Accreditation Has Meant to Forestry
Authors: Burns Paul Y.
Published: September 2022

Professional instruction in forestry originated in America in 1898. Two years later the Society of American Foresters (SAF) was formed, the first and only national organization concerned with forestry as a profession. The 16,000 members of the SAF have a strong tradition of service to the public, which is characteristic of a true profession.
Preliminary Analysis of the Onion Seed (Allium cepa, L.) Production Problem, 1966 Growing Season1
Authors: Campbell W. F. , Cotner S. D. , Pollock B. M.
Published: September 2022

The discovery of cytoplasmic male sterility in onions, and its application to commercial seed production, was a major breakthrough in vegetable breeding. Initial use of this new technique was moderately successful and seedsmen assumed that experience would lead to higher seed yields. Instead, yields have been disappointing; many fields have not even been harvested. The resulting economic problem has become serious for both seedsmen and onion producers. Many suggestions have been made as to the cause of low yields but there is no agreement on the biological nature of the problem. Therefore, during the 1966 growing season we began to analyze the problem by following the development of the seed crops in commercial fields in southwestern Idaho. We believe our methods and preliminary data may be useful in stimulating other workers to also examine this problem.
Procedure for Determining Intercellular Space of Roots and Specific Gravity of Sweetpotato Root Tissue1
Authors: Kushman L. J. , Pope D. T.
Published: September 2022

Recent studies showed that at harvest sweetpotato storage roots contain as much as 10 milliliters of intercellular space per 100 milliliters of root; during storage intercellular space increases to the extent that it becomes visible and is classified as pithiness or internal breakdown (1). A preliminary report shows that by accounting for the intercellular space tissue specific gravity values can be computed and correlated with drymatter content in much the same manner as for Irish potatoes (2). At harvest intercellular space for each of four varieties was relatively constant for a given variety and differed significantly among varieties (4).
Trifluralin-Treated Cloth Controls Weeds in Geranium Plantings
Authors: Danielson L. L.
Published: September 2022

(Cloth and cotton fiber mats impregnated with trifluralin [alpha, alpha, alphatrifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine] at 1/2 lb/A used to treat soil in potted geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) (Ricard cultivar) plantings were herbicidally effective and did not injure the geraniums. Time required for disintegration of the treated cloths and mats ranged from less than 30 days to more than 120 days.)