bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thin-Reinforced Anion-Exchange Membranes with High Ionic Contents for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Processes
Authors: Song Hyeon-Bee , Kim Do-Hyeong , Kang Moon-Sung
Published: February 2022

Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are a core component that greatly affects the performance of electrochemical energy conversion processes such as reverse electrodialysis (RED) and all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The IEMs used in electrochemical energy conversion processes require low mass transfer resistance, high permselectivity, excellent durability, and also need to be inexpensive to manufacture. Therefore, in this study, thin-reinforced anion-exchange membranes with excellent physical and chemical stabilities were developed by filling a polyethylene porous substrate with functional monomers, and through in situ polymerization and post-treatments. In particular, the thin-reinforced membranes were made to have a high ion-exchange capacity and a limited degree of swelling at the same time through a double cross-linking reaction. The prepared membranes were shown to possess both strong tensile strength (>120 MPa) and low electrical resistance (<1 Ohm cm2). As a result of applying them to RED and VRFB, the performances were shown to be superior to those of the commercial membrane (AMX, Astom Corp., Japan) in the optimal composition. In addition, the prepared membranes were found to have high oxidation stability, enough for practical applications.
Overview of Membrane Science and Technology in Portugal
Authors: Tomé Liliana C. , Santos Diogo M. F. , Velizarov Svetlozar , Coelhoso Isabel M. , Mendes Adélio , Crespo João G. , de Pinho Maria Norberta
Published: February 2022

Membrane research in Portugal is aligned with global concerns and expectations for sustainable social development, thus progressively focusing on the use of natural resources and renewable energy. This review begins by addressing the pioneer work on membrane science and technology in Portugal by the research groups of Instituto Superior Técnico—Universidade de Lisboa (IST), NOVA School of Science and Technology—Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA) and Faculdade de Engenharia—Universidade do Porto (FEUP) aiming to provide an historical perspective on the topic. Then, an overview of the trends and challenges in membrane processes and materials, mostly in the last five years, involving Portuguese researchers, is presented as a contribution to a more sustainable water–energy–material–food nexus.
Characterization of Defined Pt Particles Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis for One-Step Synthesis of Supported ORR Composite Catalysts
Authors: Alkan Gözde , Košević Milica , Mihailović Marija , Stopic Srecko , Friedrich Bernd , Stevanović Jasmina , Panić Vladimir
Published: February 2022

Polygonal Pt nanoparticles were synthesized using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) at different precursor concentrations. Physicochemical analysis of the synthesized Pt particles involved thermogravimetric, microscopic, electron diffractive, and light absorptive/refractive characteristics. Electrochemical properties and activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of the prepared material were compared to commercial Pt black. Registered electrochemical behavior is correlated to the structural properties of synthesized powders by impedance characteristics in ORR. The reported results confirmed that Pt nanoparticles of a characteristic and uniform size and shape, suitable for incorporation on the surfaces of interactive hosts as catalyst supports, were synthesized. It is found that USP-synthesized Pt involves larger particles than Pt black, with the size being slightly dependent on precursor concentration. Among ORR-active planes, the least active (111) structurally defined the synthesized particles. These two morphological and structural characteristics caused the USP-Pt to be made of lower Pt-intrinsic capacitive and redox currents, as well as of lower ORR activity. Although being of lower activity, USP-Pt is less sensitive to the rate of ORR current perturbations at higher overpotentials. This issue is assigned to less-compact catalyst layers and uniform particle size distribution, and consequently, of activity throughout the catalyst layer with respect to Pt black. These features are considered to positively affect catalyst stability and thus promote USP synthesis for improved properties of host-supported Pt catalysts.
Metabolic Changes in Larvae of Predator Chrysopa sinica Fed on Azadirachtin-Treated Plutella xylostella Larvae
Authors: Zhang Peiwen , Zhou You , Qin Deqiang , Chen Jianjun , Zhang Zhixiang
Published: February 2022

Biological control is a key component of integrated pest management (IPM). To suppress pests in a certain threshold, chemical control is used in combination with biological and other control methods. An essential premise for using pesticides in IPM is to ascertain their compatibility with beneficial insects. Chrysopa sinica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is an important predator of various pests and used for pest management. This study was intended to analyze metabolic changes in C. sinica larvae after feeding on azadirachtin-treated Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) larvae through a non-targeted LC–MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) based metabolomics analysis. Results showed that C. sinica larvae did not die after consuming P. xylostella larvae treated with azadirachtin. However, their pupation and eclosion were adversely affected, resulting in an impairment in the completion of their life cycle. Feeding C. sinica larvae with azadirachtin-treated P. xylostella larvae affected over 10,000 metabolites across more than 20 pathways, including the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipid, cofactors, and vitamins in C. sinica larvae, of which changes in amnio acid metabolism were particularly pronounced. A working model was proposed to illustrate differential changes in 20 metabolites related to some amino acid metabolisms. Among them, 15 were markedly reduced and only five were elevated. Our results suggest that azadirachtin application may not be exclusively compatible with the use of the predator C. sinica for control of P. xylostella. It is recommended that the compatibility should be evaluated not only based on the survival of the predatory insects but also by the metabolic changes and the resultant detrimental effects on their development.
Investigating Morphological Changes of T-lymphocytes after Exposure with Bacterial Determinants for Early Detection of Septic Conditions
Authors: vom Werth Kari Lavinia , Wörmann Theresa , Kemper Björn , Kümpers Philipp , Kampmeier Stefanie , Mellmann Alexander
Published: February 2022

Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, annually affecting millions of people worldwide. Immediate treatment initiation is crucial to improve the outcome but despite great progress, early identification of septic patients remains a challenge. Recently, white blood cell morphology was proposed as a new biomarker for sepsis diagnosis. In this proof-of-concept study, we aimed to investigate the effect of different bacteria and their determinants on T-lymphocytes by digital holographic microscopy (DHM). We hypothesize that species- and strain-specific morphological changes occur, which may offer a new approach for early sepsis diagnosis and identification of the causative agent. Jurkat cells as a model system were exposed to different S. aureus or E. coli strains either using sterile determinants or living bacteria. Time-lapse DHM was applied to analyze cellular morphological changes. There were not only living bacteria but also membrane vesicles and sterile culture supernatant-induced changes of cell area, circularity, and mean phase contrast. Interestingly, different cellular responses occurred depending on both the species and strain of the causative bacteria. Our findings suggest that investigation of T-lymphocyte morphology might provide a promising tool for the early identification of bacterial infections and possibly discrimination between different causative agents. Distinguishing gram-positive from gram-negative infection would already offer a great benefit for the proper administration of antibiotics.
Bifunctional Metal Oleate as an Alternative Method to Remove Surface Oxide and Passivate Surface Defects of Aminophosphine-Based InP Quantum Dots
Authors: Chen Pin-Ru , Hoang Minh-Son , Lai Kuo-Yang , Chen Hsueh-Shih
Published: February 2022

The optical properties of indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) are significantly influenced by their surface native oxides, which are generally removed by treating InP cores with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Besides the harmful health effects of HF, its etching may cause over-etching or QD size broadening, and surface oxidation can also reoccur rapidly. In the present study, a safer bifunctional metal oleate treatment was developed to simultaneously remove the surface oxide layer and passivate the surface defects for aminophosphine-based InP QDs. Compared to conventional HF etching, the bifunctional metal oleate was able to more efficiently remove the surface oxide of InP cores and effectively preserve the oxide-free surface, leading to a 20% narrower photoluminescence (PL) bandwidth after growing a ZnSe/ZnS shell. The metal oleate treatment is thus considered a greener and safer post-synthetic method to remove InP surface oxide and provide additional passivation to improve the optical properties of aminophosphine-based InP QDs, which could have potential in industrial mass production.
What Are the Barriers to Adoption of a Lifestyle Associated with Optimal Peak Bone Mass Acquisition? A Qualitative Study of Young Adults in New Zealand
Authors: Zafar Sana , Denison Hayley , Patel Hansa , Dennison Elaine
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the barriers to adopting lifestyle factors other than physical activity important for optimal peak bone mass (PBM) acquisition—namely, dietary factors, avoidance of cigarette smoking, and keeping alcohol consumption within recommended limits. Materials and Methods: University students and staff aged 18–35 years were recruited. Six semi-structured, in-depth focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 28 participants. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. A thematic approach for data analysis using a constant comparative method was performed using NVivo software. Results: Three major themes emerged: socio-cultural barriers (peer pressure and cultural norms); personal barriers (time, cost, and diet preferences); and other barriers (medical illness and lack of symptoms associated with low bone mass density). Conclusions: We identified several barriers to adoption of lifestyle behaviours that might be beneficial to PBM acquisition. These data might facilitate the development of public health interventions designed to help young adults embrace osteoprotective lifestyles, and hence reduce the burden of osteoporotic fracture in later life.
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli Causing Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Moro Lima dos Santos Ana Cláudia , Monteiro Aydir Cecília Marinho , Barbosa Thaís Alves , Riboli Danilo Flávio Moraes , Camargo Carlos Henrique , Ferreira Adriano Martison , Mondelli Alessandro Lia , Montelli Augusto Cezar , Hernandes Rodrigo Tavanelli , Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha Maria de Lourdes , Barretti Pasqual
Published: February 2022

(1) Background: Peritonitis due to nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NF-GNB) is a dramatic complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with bad outcomes. Previous studies of PD-related peritonitis due to Pseudomonas species have shown a low-resolution rate, without a high resistance rate to antipseudomonal antibiotics. This suggests that bacterial virulence factors can act and influence peritonitis evolution. This study aimed to describe the microbiological characteristics of NF-GNB causing PD-related peritonitis and analyze their influence on the outcome. (2) Methods: We analyze the 48 isolates from NF-GNB peritonitis, which were stored in our culture collection regarding bacterial resistance, biofilm, and other virulence factors’ production, and clonal profile. Additionally, we collected data on treatment and outcomes from patients’ clinical registers. (3) Results: The etiologies were species of Pseudomonas (50%), Acinetobacter (36%), and other NF-GNB (14%). There was a high (75%) proportion of biofilm producer lineages. The in vitro susceptibility rate of Pseudomonas spp. to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime was significantly greater than that of Acinetobacter spp. and other species; however, there was a similar low-resolution rate (<45%) among the episodes attributable to them. Pseudomonas species have a polyclonal profile, while we found a clone of five multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii over an 8-year interval (2000–2008), which suggest an origin from the healthcare environment. (4) Conclusions: We are not able to identify any predictor of outcome, but it is possible that biofilm and others virulence factors can act in concert and contribute to the bad outcome.
Lignin-Mediated Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis for Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Yellow 4G and In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Saratale Rijuta Ganesh , Cho Si-Kyung , Saratale Ganesh Dattatraya , Kadam Avinash Ashok , Ghodake Gajanan Sampatrao , Magotra Verjesh Kumar , Kumar Manu , Bharagava Ram Naresh , Varjani Sunita , Palem Ramasubba Reddy , Mulla Sikandar I. , Kim Dong-Su , Shin Han-Seung
Published: February 2022

This study explored the potential of abundantly available sodium lignosulfonate (LS) as a reducer and fabricating agent in preparing silver nanoparticles (LS–Ag NPs). The operational conditions were optimized to make the synthesis process simpler, rapid, and eco-friendly. The prepared LS–Ag NPs were analyzed via UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results demonstrated that LS–Ag NPs were of crystalline structure, capped with LS constituents, and spherical in shape with a size of approximately 20 nm. Under optimized conditions, LS–Ag NPs exhibited significant photocatalytic activity in Reactive Yellow 4G degradation. The effects of photocatalyst (LS–Ag NPs) dosage, dye concentration, and its reusability for dye degradation were studied to make the process practically applicable in textile wastewater treatment. Additionally, the synthesized LS–Ag NPs displayed significant free radical scavenging against 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an IC50 value of (50.2 ± 0.70 µg/mL) and also exhibited antidiabetic activity in terms of inhibition in the activity of carbohydrate-degrading marker enzyme α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of (58.1 ± 0.65 µg/mL). LS–Ag NPs showed substantial antibacterial potential against pathogenic strains, namely E. coli and S. aureus. In conclusion, LS–Ag NPs can be a reliable and eco-friendly material for their possible application in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater and have a great perspective in the biomedical and pharmaceutical sectors.
Comparative Analysis of Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics in Patients with SARI Confirmed as Influenza or COVID-19 Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bucharest, Romania
Authors: Enciu (Milcu) Bianca Georgiana , Drăgănescu Anca Cristina , Pițigoi Daniela , Săndulescu Oana , Crăciun Maria Dorina , Bilașco Anuța , Streinu-Cercel Anca , Streinu-Cercel Adrian , Florea Dragoș , Miron Victor Daniel , Aramă Victoria
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the epidemiology of other respiratory pathogens, and this was most evident in the 2020–2021 season, which was characterized by a low circulation of influenza viruses. We aim to present a comparative analysis of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 2018–2019 influenza cases and 2020–2021 COVID-19 cases, hospitalized at a tertiary infectious diseases hospital in Bucharest. We used data collected from patients admitted for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and subsequently confirmed with either influenza or COVID-19. During the 2018–2019 season, 208 patients over 18 years of age were confirmed with influenza (median age = 53 years, 59.6% were female) and 6.7% had been vaccinated against influenza. The most frequent symptoms were fever (97.1%) and cough (94.7%), and 77.4% had at least one chronic condition. 90.4% received influenza antiviral therapy. During the 2020–2021 season, 191 patients were confirmed with COVID-19 (median age = 56 years, 67% were male). The most frequent symptoms were cough (85.9%) and fever (80.6%), and 75.9% had at least one chronic condition. This analysis highlights the main similarities and differences between influenza and COVID-19 and could help to optimize the management of cases.
Empowering Workers and Learners through a Combined Participatory Action Research and Research Justice Approach
Authors: Ángeles Sophia L. , Wong Michele J. , Shadduck-Hernández Janna , Sharma Preeti
Published: February 2022

The UCLA Labor Center used a combined participatory action research and research justice approach to study the challenges faced by workers and learners. Workers and learners are students who work while studying throughout their college careers. This research project has been carried out with the assistance of undergraduate students and college partners. We outline in detail the process we undertook to involve more than 500 students, beginning with the study design and ending with the dissemination of study results. We discuss the ways in which we, as researchers, were able to intentionally engage participants and honor their knowledge throughout the research process in order to advance policy reforms. This work entails of incorporating tenets of participatory action research (PAR) and Research Justice (RJ) to build the capacity of partners to produce knowledge. To this end, the work involves participants in every step of the knowledge lifecycle so that research across varying disciplines can impact education and employment policies that improve conditions for workers and learners in workplaces and universities and colleges.
Litter Decomposition in Wet Rubber and Fruit Agroforests: Below the Threshold for Tropical Peat Formation
Authors: Silvianingsih Yosefin Ari , van Noordwijk Meine , Suprayogo Didik , Hairiah Kurniatun
Published: February 2022

Peatlands are shaped by slow litter decomposition, but threshold decomposition rates that allow peat formation remain unclear. Can agroforestry in the tropics be compatible with paludiculture that allows peat formation? We explored the determinants of litter decomposition in wet agroforests adjacent to tropical peatlands in Central Kalimantan (Indonesia) by litterbag studies (up to 16 weeks) with standing litter sources to estimate rate constants, characterize litter quality (especially lignin (L), polyphenolics (Pp) and nitrogen (N)), and monitor temperature and groundwater levels. In litter transfer experiments we tested for home-field advantage (HFA) effects between land cover types. Mean residence times around 85 weeks at 27 °C were associated with a high (L + Pp)/N ratio. However, in the crossover treatments, mean residence times varied from 30 to 180 weeks and strong HFA effects (up to 80% faster decomposition at “home”) were found when litter from other sources was tested in old fruit-based agroforests. HFA indicates a local decomposer community well-adapted to its normal litter diet. Litter residence times of around two years are below the apparent peat formation threshold. Maintaining wet agroforest conditions adjacent to peat domes supports peatland rewetting and restoration but does not contribute to on-site peat formation processes.
Chest CT-Derived Muscle Analysis in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Antonarelli Maurizio , Fogante Marco
Published: February 2022

Background: sarcopenia is a predictor of unfavorable outcomes, but its prognostic impact on patients with COVID-19 is not well known. To evaluate the association between the chest computed tomography (CT) derived muscle analysis of sarcopenia and clinical-radiological outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: in this retrospective study were revised the medical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and intubated for COVID-19. All patients had undergone chest CT scan prior to intubation, and the cross-sectional areas of the pectoralis muscles (PMA, cm2) and density (PMD, HU) were measured at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebral. The relationship between PMA and PMD and CT severity pneumonia, length of ICU, extubation failure/success, and mortality were investigated. Results: a total of 112 patients were included (82 M; mean age 60.5 ± 11.4 years). Patients with successful extubation had higher PMA compared to patients with failure extubation, 42.1 ± 7.9 vs. 37.8 ± 6.4 cm2 (p = 0.0056) and patients with shorter ICU had higher PMA and PMD compared to those with longer, respectively, 41.6 ± 8.7 vs. 37.2 ± 6.7 cm2 (p = 0.0034) and 30.2 ± 6.2 vs. 26.1 ± 4.9 HU (p = 0.0002). No statistical difference in PMA and PMD resulted in CT severity pneumonia and mortality. Conclusion: sarcopenia in COVID-19 patients, evaluated by CT-derived muscle analysis, could be associated with longer ICU stay and failure extubation.
MRI CNS Atrophy Pattern and the Etiologies of Progressive Ataxias
Authors: Mascalchi Mario
Published: February 2022

MRI shows the three archetypal patterns of CNS volume loss underlying progressive ataxias in vivo, namely spinal atrophy (SA), cortical cerebellar atrophy (CCA) and olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA). The MRI-based CNS atrophy pattern was reviewed in 128 progressive ataxias. A CNS atrophy pattern was identified in 91 conditions: SA in Friedreich’s ataxia, CCA in 5 acquired and 72 (24 dominant, 47 recessive,1 X-linked) inherited ataxias, OPCA in Multi-System Atrophy and 12 (9 dominant, 2 recessive,1 X-linked) inherited ataxias. The MRI-based CNS atrophy pattern may be useful for genetic assessment, identification of shared cellular targets, repurposing therapies or the enlargement of drug indications in progressive ataxias.
Creation of a model for studying the antiviral effect of small interfering RNAs in vitro
Authors:   Sechenov University,, Pashkov Evgeny Alekseevich , Korchevaya Ekaterina Romanovna ,   I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Faizuloev Evgeny Bahtierovich ,   I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Pashkov Evgeny Petrovich ,   Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia, Zaiceva Tatyana Aleksandrovna ,   Sechenov University, Moscow,, Rtishchev Artem Andreevich ,   I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow,, Poddubikov Alexander Vladimirovich ,   I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia, Svitich Oxana Anatol'evna ,   I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Zverev Vitaliy Vasil'evich ,   Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2022

Influenza is a widespread respiratory infection, accompanied by damage to the lower respiratory tract of a person, and can lead to severe complications, up to a fatal outcome. Currently existing therapeutic agents and vaccines do not provide fully effective protection against influenza viruses. The development and creation of drugs based on the mechanism of RNA interference in the context of this problem is a promising direction. The aim of this study is to select and experimentally substantiate cellular target genes for miRNAs whose knockdown suppresses viral reproduction. A549 cells (human lung adenocarcinoma) were transfected with small interfering RNAs. After 4 hours, the transfected cells were infected with the influenza virus pri MOI = 0.1; 0.01 and 0.001. The virus-containing liquid was sampled within three days from the moment of transfection and the intensity of the dynamics of viral reproduction was assessed by the CPD titration method. The use of all small interfering RNAs at MOI = 0.1 resulted in a significantly significant decrease in the viral titer relative to non-specific control. Similar results were obtained at MOI = 0.01 and 0.001. The most effective siRNA ISSINUP98, since when using it, at MOI = 0.1, the viral titer values decreased by 1.7 lg TCD50/ml and by 3 lg TCD50/ml at MOI = 0.01 on the third day. The results showed that miRNAs directed to human cellular genes FLT4, Nup98 and Nup205, whose derivatives play an important role in the life cycle of the influenza virus, effectively reduce its reproduction in vitro. Thus, the studied genes and their products are potential targets for the development of anti-influenza drugs.
Barriers and facilitators to primary care research: views of GP trainees and trainers
Authors: Stephenson Sarah , Tang Eugene Yee Hing , Tang Eugene , Williams Penny , Allan Hilary , Rouse John , Burton Morag , Wroe Caroline , Bellamy Richard , Hesselgreaves Hannah
Published: February 2022

Background

Primary care plays an important role in the conception and delivery of transformational research but GP engagement is lacking, prompting calls for the promotion of academic opportunities in primary care.

Aim

To identify potential barriers and facilitators among GP trainees and trainers in primary care research to inform support given by Local Clinical Research Networks (LCRNs).

Design & setting

A cross-sectional online survey was developed and distributed by the CRN to GP trainees and trainers in the North East and North West.

Method

The survey covered areas including demographics, career intentions, current and potential engagement with research, as well as their general understanding of research in primary care, which included barriers and facilitators to primary care research.

Results

Trainees had low intentionality to pursue research and half of trainees did not engage with any research activity. Despite one in five trainees reporting intentions to include research in their career, only 1% would undertake a solely academic career. Medical school region was the only strongly associated factor with academic career intention. Just under 30% of trainers reported engagement in research, but far fewer (8.6%) were interested in contributing to research, and only 10% felt prepared to mentor in research.

Conclusion

Among trainees, there is limited engagement in and intentionality to pursue research, and this was crucially reflected by responses from trainers. This study identified the need for LCRNs to assist with training in research mentoring and skills, funding opportunities, and to develop resources to promote research in primary care.
Experiences of patients receiving Home Care and living with polypharmacy: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Mannheimer Stina , Bergqvist Monica , Bastholm-Rahmner Pia , Gustafsson Lars L , Vég Anikó , Schmidt-Mende Katharina
Published: February 2022

Background

In Sweden, patients receiving Home Care (HC) are older people with frailty and multimorbidity, and are often treated with many medicines. Their perspectives on polypharmacy have been sparsely explored.

Aim

To investigate HC patients’ experiences and perceptions regarding polypharmacy.

Design & setting

Semi-structured interviews with 17 patients with HC in Stockholm, Sweden.

Method

The interview questions were open and aimed to encourage participants to speak freely about their personal experiences of living with polypharmacy. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis.

Results

The participants’ median age was 83.5 years (range 74–97 years) and the median number of prescribed medicines was 11 (range 5–30). The following two themes were identified: (1) experiences from daily life with polypharmacy; and (2) dependency on the relationship to healthcare professionals. The first theme contains the main finding, which was the diversity in how older people experienced polypharmacy and how they coped with polypharmacy in everyday life. While some were satisfied despite having multiple medicines, others experienced such psychological unease owing to polypharmacy that it led to reduced quality of life. The second theme reflects the importance of the relationship between the older person and healthcare professionals for medicine-related ideas and attitudes.

Conclusion

The individual variation in experiences regarding polypharmacy points to the value of interprofessional teamwork with the patient as an active partner. Therefore, healthcare professionals need to adapt a more person-centred approach where the patient’s perspectives are respected and considered in medicine-related decisionmaking.
The Possibility of Using Dydrogesterone in the Complex Treatment of Menstrual Irregularities and Clinical Endometriosis in Women of Early and Young Reproductive Age: Rationale and Prospects for Conservative Therapy
Authors: Иванишкина-Кудина О.Л. , Иконостасова И.В. , Коротких О.В.
Published: February 2022

В обзоре представлены сведения о применении дидрогестерона у женщин раннего репродуктивного возраста с нарушениями менструального цикла и клиническими предикторами и/или проявлениями эндометриоза. Согласно данным, дидрогестерон можно рекомендовать как в режиме монотерапии, так и при комплексном подходе в долибо постоперационном периоде, а также в качестве противорецидивной терапии. Данный терапевтический подход позволяет снизить экономические затраты и максимально сузить зоны риска при гормональной терапии у пациенток с экстрагенитальной патологией и ограниченными диагностическими возможностями в определенный период времени. Длительность терапии дидрогестероном должна составлять не менее 6-9 месяцев для достижения стойкого эффекта.

The review provides information on the use of dydrogesterone in women of early reproductive age with menstrual irregularities and clinical predictors and / or manifestations of endometriosis. According to the data, dydrogesterone can be recommended both as a monotherapy and in an integrated approach in the pre-or postoperative period, as well as as anti-relapse therapy. This therapeutic approach allows to reduce economic costs and to maximally narrow the “risk zones” during hormone therapy in patients with extragenital pathology and limited diagnostic capabilities in a certain period of time. The duration of dydrogesterone therapy should be at least 6-9 months to achieve a lasting effect.
On interpreting ancient Egyptian funerary texts
Authors: Nyord Rune
Published: February 2022

Ancient Egyptian funerary texts have traditionally been read as providing detailed, literal descriptions of afterlife beliefs, but various aspects of this view have begun to be questioned in recent research. The present article reviews such contributions in contrast to the classical view of funerary texts as established by Kurt Sethe (1931), arguing that it is possible in several respects to extend their stances and conclusions. The resulting view is one in which the very notion of “funerary texts” as a text genre sui generis is questioned, along with the defining feature that such texts contain literal descriptions of a transcendent, personal afterlife. Instead, it is suggested with reference to both Egyptological and interdisciplinary ideas that funerary texts can fruitfully be viewed as sharing their structure and function with other ancient Egyptian ritual texts. In questioning the intuitive reading of the texts as descriptions of the afterlife, such an approach opens up new interpretive possibilities of relevance both within Egyptology and in cross-cultural comparison.
The Effect of Parental Attention, Social Media and Religiosity on the Morals of Students
Authors: Ekowati Endang , Khodijah Nyayu , Abdurrahmansyah Abdurrahmansyah
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to determine the effect of parental attention, social media, and religiosity on adolescent morals at a Madrasah Aliyah Negeri, South Lampung. The research was quantitative. The population in the study was 450 students, with a proportional random sampling technique; the sample used was 82 students. The data collection method used was a questionnaire. The method of data analysis was done by descriptive analysis and path analysis. The study showed that first, the effect of parental attention on adolescent morals was 13% in the low category. Second, the influence of social media on adolescent morals was 32% in the medium category. Third, the influence of religiosity on adolescent morals was 53% in a strong category. And fourth, the correlation of the effect of parental attention, social media, and religiosity on adolescent morals simultaneously was 57%. Thus, parental engagement, social media, and religiosity positively affected adolescent morals.
Aprovechamiento energético sustentable: desarrollo de un digestor anaeróbico asistido por energía solar térmica
Authors:   , Morales Martín Alberto
Published: February 2022

Este estudio se enmarca en la provincia de Salta, observando su capacidad productora de gas metano a partir de la degradación anaeróbica de los residuos sólidos pecuarios bovinos. Se presentan diversos aspectos del proceso de digestión anaeróbica: experiencias a escala laboratorio, construcción y experimentación con biodigestores de mayor volumen, modelo de simulación numérica y análisis de costos. A escala laboratorio se ensayan reactores anaeróbicos utilizando residuos pecuarios y orgánicos domiciliarios en el rango psicofílico y mesofílico en forma discontinua. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se construyen tres digestores anaeróbicos de membrana flexible de plástico PVC, uno semienterrado y dos enterrados. Finalmente, las mediciones se realizan con el enterrado de 1.200 litros, utilizando residuos pecuarios bovinos. Para reducir las pérdidas de energía se analiza la eficiencia de botellas PET como aislante, vacías y rellena con viruta de madera. Para mantener una temperatura en el interior se construye un sistema de calentamiento hibrido solar-eléctrico, formado por un colector solar plano y una resistencia eléctrica. Se lo aplica al biodigestor conjuntamente con un invernadero. Se estudian diversas variables, siendo la temperatura una de las más importantes, ya que el consumo de energía incide en la producción final de biogás y en la viabilidad de la instalación del digestor. Se mide la temperatura en diversos puntos del digestor, colector solar y conductos de fluido caloportador. Con datos de irradiancia solar se calcula la eficiencia del colector. Se desarrolla un modelo de simulación numérica para predecir la energía solar y la energía eléctrica utilizada por el digestor para mantenerlo a una temperatura constante. Finalmente se evalúa la producción de biogás y su contenido de metano del digestor y se analizan los costos de producción. Con los datos reunidos del desempeño del digestor anaeróbico y las características propuestas en este trabajo se busca que los tiempos de recuperación de la inversión inicial sean factibles.
Improving Students’ Ability in Writing Recount Text by Using the Characters in the Films
Authors: Lestiyanawati Rochyani
Published: February 2022

The students of EFL Classroom sometimes find difficulty in writing. The students difficulty in writing caused by the gate between the students’ L1 and L2 and the lack of supported information related to the source of idea for writing. Teaching media are to solve the problems especially in writing. This study is aimed at using films, especially the characters, as media in improving students’ ability in writing recount. The subject of the study were 30 numbers of 10th graders of vocational school students. The findings showed that the average of the pre-test and post-test scores were 67.53 and 83.63. The improvement calculation was found 0.496 which was categorized as medium. The calculation of applying the t-test was on rejection area of ??Ho, showed that the post-test was better than the pre-test. According to the data analysis, the writer concludes that the strategy by using films is applicable since it helps students to solve their problem in writing recount. The media enable the students to actively engage to the learning process and improve their ability in writing for they give them the idea of writing recount.
Elezioni primarie e segretezza del voto: elementi pubblicistici ed associazionismo privato
Authors: Gratteri Andrea
Published: February 2022

Lo scorso 16 ottobre più di settemila elettori si sono recati al seggio allestito dai partiti dell’Unione, hanno magari affrontato una lunga attesa, hanno sottoscritto una dichiarazione di adesione ad un progetto politico, hanno pagato almeno un euro quale contributo alle spese, si sono appartati dietro ad un paravento, hanno piegato la scheda elettorale e l’hanno inserita nell’urna senza apporvi alcun segno. Contemporaneamente altri novemila elettori compivano le stesse operazioni salvo invalidare la scheda.

Il comportamento di questi elettori, che pure rappresentano una frazione minima di coloro che si sono espressi per scegliere il leader dell’Unione, mette in evidenza uno degli elementi di maggior delicatezza di una consultazione, come quella delle primarie, dove si possono distinguere due diversi atti politicamente significativi: prima, la decisione di partecipare al voto; poi, la scelta fra le diverse opzioni di voto.

Cosa ha spinto allora quei sedicimila elettori ad esprimere un voto non valido? Si deve pensare che costoro siano portatori di un senso di appartenenza al progetto dell’Unione tanto elevato da voler partecipare alla consultazione pur non volendo sostenere nessuno dei candidati? Alcuni probabilmente hanno voluto esprimere questo loro giudizio, magari votando goliardicamente, per esempio, per Valentino Rossi. Altri elettori, però, hanno presumibilmente votato scheda bianca (o nulla) perché la loro assenza al seggio sarebbe stata notata: per una qualche ragione dovevano esserci.

Da queste prime considerazioni emerge il problema inestricabile di tutte quelle consultazioni in cui partecipazione e non partecipazione sono espressive di un comportamento connotato politicamente, come avviene ormai “tradizionalmente” in occasione dei referendum abrogativi. In questo caso solo la maturità della comunità politica e la diffusa legalità del sistema possono essere invocate per mitigare l’incidenza di pressanti forme di controllo (sociale e personale) e di indebite interferenze sulla partecipazione che, di fatto, limitano la libertà del voto.

È pertanto evidente che la questione della segretezza del voto è di rilevante interesse anche per le consultazioni prive di ufficialità. In occasioni di questo genere la segretezza del voto può, perlomeno, attenuare le eventuali pressioni subite da chi, controvoglia, si è magari recato comunque al seggio.
Elezioni nel mondo – Gennaio-Giugno 2005
Authors: Bolgherini Silvia
Published: February 2022

Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Moldova, Portugal, United Kingdom;

Africa: Ethiopia;

Americas: Suriname;

Asia: Mongolia, Thailand.
Effects of combined alkali treatment and clay nanoparticle infusion on thermo-mechanical response of kenaf/PLA biocomposites
Authors: Moyo M , Kanny K , Mohan TP
Published: February 2022

Fibre-reinforced biocomposites have inherently low thermo-mechanical properties and hence require some treatments or modifications during the fabrication process in order to enhance these properties. In this work, a combination of alkalization and nanoparticle infusion was used in enhancing thermo-mechanical properties of kenaf fibre-reinforced polylactic acid biocomposites. The biocomposites were made using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated kenaf nonwoven mats and polylactic acid infused with clay nanoparticles. Fabrication of the biocomposites was done using the prepreg method and curing at high temperature. Investigation of the thermo-mechanical properties were performed using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA). Results showed that a combination of alkalization and nanoparticle infusion improves the thermal stability of the biocomposites, loss modulus and damping. However, alkalization and nanoparticle infusion decreased the glass transition temperature of the biocomposites. The study shows that combined treatment of biocomposites with sodium hydroxide and clay nanoparticles significantly improves their performance properties. Therefore, this expands the application capabilities of natural fibre reinforced biocomposites. Best results were obtained by a combination of NaOH treatment and infusion with 5 wt% clay nanoparticles.
Modelling and simulation of the fatigue usage factor of γ-TiAl alloy fabricated through Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM)
Authors: Raji SA , Popoola API , Pityana SL , Popoola OM , Arthur NKK , Tlotleng M
Published: February 2022

Recently, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) technologies are increasingly being applied for producing components with excellent physical and mechanical properties in the aerospace, automotive and energy industries. This work is aimed at modelling the fatigue usage factor of γ-TiAl alloy fabricated through LAM. The modelling and simulation were performed using the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software by developing a y-TiAl alloy microstructure. This was modelled to generate the material properties (density, heat capacity at constant pressure and thermal conductivity) from the microstructure of a unit cell as a general representation of the alloy. The computed properties were used in modelling the LAM process to fabricate γ-TiAl alloy part with subsequent fatigue simulation to determine the usage factor (Ke). From the models, the maximum Von Mises stress and transient temperature were 2.88 x108 Nm-2 and 1510 K respectively, for the LAM fabrication process; while the fatigue usage factor model showed a maximum Von Mises stress of 2.91 x108 Nm-2 and a fatigue usage factor of 0.35.
Adsorption-desorption of F2 diatomic molecule on Ti (100) surface at different coverages
Authors: Tshwane DM , Modiba R , Govender G , Ngoepe PE , Chauke HR
Published: February 2022

Fluorine molecules and ions are used as an etchant for metal surface processing. The presence of fluorine significantly influences the electrochemical behaviour on a metal surface, which has major relevance for etching, corrosion, electro-catalysis and galvanic deposition processes. Although the fluorine ions play an important role in metal surface etching, the studies remain limited and unclear, especially at the atomistic scale. In this work, density functional theory is used to investigate the structural and electronic properties of F2 diatomic molecule adsorption on Ti (100) surface at different coverages. Results revealed a dissociative adsorption mechanism of F2 on the Ti (100) surface. Adsorption energy analysis of F2 on Ti (100) surface denotes an exothermic process. Moreover, increasing F2 coverage resulted in the formation of TiF4 and Ti2F6 molecules on the surface. In addition, the calculated heat of formation for TiF4 was found to be more favourable than Ti2F6 species. Calculated desorption energies for TiF4 and Ti2F6 is 11.73 eV/atom and 9.04 eV/atom, suggesting non-spontaneous.
Tracking the railway line in-service behaviour through metallurgical and mechanical property characterisation
Authors: Mwamba A , Mabeba A , Moema J , Phasha M
Published: February 2022

Wear, contact-impact, fatigue and corrosion properties are important factors initiating rail track degradation and are composition dependent. This work focuses on the effect of chromium content on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the the rail steels. Two medium steel railway tracks differing in their chromium content, alloy MS02 with 0.02 wt% Cr and alloy MS03 containing 0.72 wt% Cr, were characterised in order to predict their in-service performance as a function of their chemical composition.

The microstructural analysis revealed in MS02 a relatively coarser grain size, consisting of pearlite and grain boundary ferrite. MS03 showed a fully pearlitic structure with no grain boundary ferrite. The average distance between cementite lamella in rail MS03 is shorter than that in MS02. The Rockwell C hardness values of MS02 were lower than those of MS03 which is in agreement with the microstructural analysis. As expected, a finer pearlitic structure observed in rail MS03 resulted in a superior tensile and impact properties as compared to MS02.

These data indicate that MS03 with a fully pearlitic structure gives a better wear resistance and higher strength than MS02 and, it is anticipated to give a better corrosion and oxidation resistance due to higher chromium content.
Medically Important Novel Biomarkers Therapy for Targeting the Cancerous and Tumor Cells in Combating the Infectious Diseases
Authors: Iqbal Safdar , Saad Abdul Qadeer , Haleem Aamal , Parveen Zahida , Hussain Imtiaz , Qamar Muhammad Kashif , Zahid Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Cancer biomarkers are the biological molecules produced by the body or tumor in a person with cancer. In order to place the functioning of biomarkers for clinical investigating, they are passed through different clinical trials in order to check their treatment rate as compared to the normal markers. Different genes are involved in causing the breast cancer and early diagnosis through biomarkers provides an effective way to control the mutations caused in cancerous tissues. Genetic biomarkers are those biological molecules that can detect the change in the DNA and RNA structures. HER2 somatic mutations lead to increase in progressions of cancer development non-small cell lung cancers as well as in breast cells. The most important biomarkers are ALF-alpha-fetoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene in the liver. Mutational defect in AFP gene leads to severe damage to liver. C-reactive protein (CRP) is the biomarker for inflammation in the body cells. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the biomarker used for detection of prostate cancer. Microsatellite instability analysis of a tumor which provides predictive and also prognostic information. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the important biomarker for the diagnosis of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease pathologies.
Mediasi Sekuensial Sosial Media dan Digital Marketing pada Hubungan Brand Ambassador dengan Brand Trust Produk Scarlett Whitening
Authors: Lestari Rahayu , An’nisa Beladdina
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine the sequential mediation of the relationship between brand ambassadors and trust. Sequential mediation consisting of digital marketing and Instagram social media. The target population in this study are Scarlett Whitening product customers who use Instagram who are students of a private university in Jakarta. A sample of 96 was measured based on the rule of thumb of the experts The sampling technique used is convenience sampling. The method used in the research to test mediation uses a process macro with model no 6. Tests of validity, reliability and correlation are also described. The results show that brand ambassadors have an effect either directly or indirectly through sequential mediation (digital marketing and social media) on customer trust. Suggestion. Companies must be able to choose brand ambassadors who have good credibility because this not only has a direct effect on trust but also affects trust through increasing customer perceptions of digital marketing and social media used.