bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grain yield stability of black soybean lines across three agroecosystems in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya Acep Atma , Maulana Haris , Susanto Gatut Wahyu Anggoro , Sumardi Dadang , Amien Suseno , Ruswandi Dedi , Karuniawan Agung
Published: September 2022

Black soybean (Glycine soja (L.) Merril) is one of the potential agricultural commodities in Indonesia. The multilocation trial is the primary requirement for variety release before farmers can widely use the new varieties. Various stability measurements on grain yields will provide more accurate information in selecting superior lines. The aims of the study were to: (i) identify the effect of genotype by environment interactions (G×E) on black soybean grain yields; (ii) select the black soybean lines with stable and high grain yields in different agroecosystems; and (iii) determine the best representative environment for testing black soybean lines. The field trials used an augmented design that was applied in three blocks for each location. The research was conducted in West Java, Indonesia, specifically in Sumedang, Indramayu, and Majalengka. The three locations are traditionally soybean production areas in West Java. The results showed that G×E significantly affected grain yields, with a contribution of 38.35%. Based on the results of stability testing using parametric, non-parametric, and genotype plus genotype by environments (GGE) biplot measurements, the G13, G22, G25, and G26 lines were considered the most stable and produced the highest yields in the three agroecosystems. In addition, Sumedang is the most representative location for testing black soybeans in Indonesia. Therefore, the four lines can be proposed as new superior lines for black soybeans with high yields and stability in three environments. Information about the relationship between the yield stability parameters can be used for the most accessible parameter selection.
The embodied enactment of politeness metapragmatics
Authors: Brown Lucien , Kim Soung-U , Kim Hyunji
Published: September 2022

Whereas previous research on metapragmatic talk has tended to focus on what people say about politeness, the current paper additionally explores how people talk about politeness. More specifically, we extend our analysis to the embodied resources, including gestures and nonverbal behaviour, that people use when enacting politeness talk. The data comes from two semi-structured interviews that we conducted with South Korean participants, both of whom were middle-aged university professors. We subjected the data to three rounds of analysis. First, we thematically coded the content of the narratives, revealing important differences in how these two participants from the same language background conceived of politeness. Second, we analyzed the appearance of verbal and non-verbal markers of deferential politeness. This analysis revealed that the overall bodily comportment of the two participants closely matched the different politeness narratives that they inhabited. Third and finally, we examined how the participants used bodily movements when evoking specific embodied practices related to politeness, and used embodied behaviours to represent abstract politeness-related concepts and map them onto spatial locations. Overall, the analysis shows that metapragmatic talk about politeness is an embodied achievement and thus needs to be treated within the remit of the multimodal turn in politeness research.
Disponibilidad de almacenes agrícolas como una estrategia de estabilidad de precios del maíz en Guerrero
Authors: García-Salazar José Alberto , Bautista-Mayorga Fidel
Published: September 2022

La disminución de los precios que reciben los productores de maíz en Guerrero en los meses de máxima oferta, derivado de la estacionalidad que caracteriza a la producción del grano, se podrían evitar con el almacenamiento. Para determinar si la capacidad de almacenes que existe en Guerrero permite satisfacer la demanda de almacenamiento del grano, se obtuvo la solución de un modelo de programación cuadrática del mercado de maíz en 2018. Los resultados indican que en las seis regiones del estado la capacidad de almacenes es menor a la demanda de almacenamiento. Atoyac y Chilpancingo presentan excesos de demanda de almacenamiento máximos en marzo y abril, e Iguala, Las Vigas y Tlapa presentan excesos de demanda en más de ocho meses. El almacenamiento del grano es importante para la comercialización eficientemente económica del producto en tiempo y espacio; por lo tanto, se recomienda la inversión en almacenes en todas las regiones del estado.
Characterizations of a Cost-Effective Single Component Polymer for Stretchable and Flexible Microelectromechanical Systems Applications
Authors: Khan Shehroze Tahir , Akhtar Maaz , Mehdi Murtuza , Malik Nauman , Hashmi Saud , Butt Faaz
Published: September 2022

Polymers like polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have long been used as substrate materials for stretchable and flexible microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based applications. However, the ever-increasing demand of these materials and difficulty in frequent availability of such materials has also increased the cost. Thus, the study of alternate low-cost and easily available materials has become inevitable. Therefore, in this article, we have reported various research results related to BS-8599 V7 elastomer, a commonly available low-cost, silicone-based polymer alternative to PDMS and PET for stretchable and flexible MEMS applications. Mechanical properties were determined using tensile and compression tests according to ASTM-D412 Type C, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension and ASTM-D575, Standard Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression, standards, respectively, thermal behavior was studied using thermal gravimetric analysis with hardness and elongation tests, chemical integrity of the polymer was observed by mass decomposition of the polymer in various chemical environments, and bio-compatibility of the polymer was studied by skin patch test to check its compatibility with the human epidermis. Finally, an adhesion test was performed by coating zinc oxide nanoparticle film on the polymer surface to demonstrate its application toward low-cost stretchable and flexible thin film devices. The analysis of the experimental data reveals that this material is highly stretchable and flexible, chemically inert, possesses good thermal stability, and can be used as a low-cost alternate substrate platform for various MEMS-based applications.
Visual Working Memory Recruits Two Functionally Distinct Alpha Rhythms in Posterior Cortex
Authors: Rodriguez-Larios Julio , ElShafei Alma , Wiehe Melanie , Haegens Saskia
Published: September 2022

Oscillatory activity in the human brain is dominated by posterior alpha oscillations (8–14 Hz), which have been shown to be functionally relevant in a wide variety of cognitive tasks. Although posterior alpha oscillations are commonly considered a single oscillator anchored at an individual alpha frequency (∼10 Hz), previous work suggests that individual alpha frequency reflects a spatial mixture of different brain rhythms. In this study, we assess whether independent component analysis (ICA) can disentangle functionally distinct posterior alpha rhythms in the context of visual short-term memory retention. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded in 33 subjects while performing a visual working memory task. Group analysis at sensor level suggested the existence of a single posterior alpha oscillator that increases in power and decreases in frequency during memory retention. Conversely, single-subject analysis of independent components revealed the existence of two dissociable alpha rhythms: one that increases in power during memory retention (Alpha1) and another one that decreases in power (Alpha2). Alpha1 and Alpha2 rhythms were differentially modulated by the presence of visual distractors (Alpha1 increased in power while Alpha2 decreased) and had an opposite relationship with accuracy (positive for Alpha1 and negative for Alpha2). In addition, Alpha1 rhythms showed a lower peak frequency, a narrower peak width, a greater relative peak amplitude and a more central source than Alpha2 rhythms. Together, our results demonstrate that modulations in posterior alpha oscillations during short-term memory retention reflect the dynamics of at least two distinct brain rhythms with different functions and spatiospectral characteristics.
Prenatal THC Exposure Induces Sex-Dependent Neuropsychiatric Endophenotypes in Offspring and Long-Term Disruptions in Fatty-Acid Signaling Pathways Directly in the Mesolimbic Circuitry
Authors: Sarikahya Mohammed H. , Cousineau Samantha , De Felice Marta , Lee Kendrick , Wong Karen KW , DeVuono Marieka V. , Jung Tony , Rodríguez-Ruiz Mar , Ng Tsun Hay Jason , Gummerson Dana , Proud Emma , Hardy Daniel B. , Yeung Ken K.-C. , Rushlow Walter , Laviolette Steven R.
Published: September 2022

Despite increased prevalence of maternal cannabis use, little is understood regarding potential long-term effects of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) on neurodevelopmental outcomes. While neurodevelopmental cannabis exposure increases the risk of developing affective/mood disorders in adulthood, the precise neuropathophysiological mechanisms in male and female offspring are largely unknown. Given the interconnectivity of the endocannabinoid (ECb) system and the brain’s fatty acid pathways, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may dysregulate fetal neurodevelopment through alterations of fatty-acid dependent synaptic and neuronal function in the mesolimbic system. To investigate this, pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to vehicle or THC (3 mg/kg) from gestational day (GD)7 until GD22. Anxiety-like, depressive-like, and reward-seeking behavior, electrophysiology, and molecular assays were performed on adult male/female offspring. Imaging of fatty acids using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) was performed at prepubescence and adulthood. We report that PCE induces behavioral, neuronal, and molecular alterations in the mesolimbic system in male and female offspring, resembling neuropsychiatric endophenotypes. Additionally, PCE resulted in profound dysregulation of critical fatty acid pathways in the developing brain lipidome. Female progeny exhibited significant alterations to fatty acid levels at prepubescence but recovered from these deficits by early adulthood. In contrast, males exhibited persistent fatty acid deficits into adulthood. Moreover, both sexes maintained enduring abnormalities in glutamatergic/GABAergic function in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These findings identify several novel long-term risks of maternal cannabis use and demonstrate for the first time, sex-related effects of maternal cannabinoid exposure directly in the developing neural lipidome.
Predictable Fluctuations in Excitatory Synaptic Strength Due to Natural Variation in Presynaptic Firing Rate
Authors: Ren Naixin , Wei Ganchao , Ghanbari Abed , Stevenson Ian H.
Published: September 2022

Many controlledin vitrostudies have demonstrated how postsynaptic responses to presynaptic spikes are not constant but depend on short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) and the detailed timing of presynaptic spikes. However, the effects of short-term plasticity (depression and facilitation) are not limited to short, subsecond timescales. The effects of STP appear on long timescales as changes in presynaptic firing rates lead to changes in steady-state synaptic transmission. Here, we examine the relationship between natural variations in the presynaptic firing rates and spike transmissionin vivo. Using large-scale spike recordings in awake male and female mice from the Allen Institute Neuropixels dataset, we first detect putative excitatory synaptic connections based on cross-correlations between the spike trains of millions of pairs of neurons. For the subset of pairs where a transient, excitatory effect was detected, we use a model-based approach to track fluctuations in synaptic efficacy and find that efficacy varies substantially on slow (∼1 min) timescales over the course of these recordings. For many connections, the efficacy fluctuations are correlated with fluctuations in the presynaptic firing rate. To understand the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship, we then model the detailed probability of postsynaptic spiking on a millisecond timescale, including both slow changes in postsynaptic excitability and monosynaptic inputs with short-term plasticity. The detailed model reproduces the slow efficacy fluctuations observed with many putative excitatory connections, suggesting that these fluctuations can be both directly predicted based on the time-varying presynaptic firing rate and, at least partly, explained by the cumulative effects of STP.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe firing rates of individual neurons naturally vary because of stimuli, movement, and brain state. Models of synaptic transmission predict that these variations in firing rates should be accompanied by slow fluctuations in synaptic strength because of short-term depression and facilitation. Here, we characterize the magnitude and predictability of fluctuations in synaptic strengthin vivousing large-scale spike recordings. For putative excitatory connections from a wide range of brain areas, we find that typical synaptic efficacy varies as much as ∼70%, and in many cases the fluctuations are well described by models of short-term synaptic plasticity. These results highlight the dynamic nature ofin vivosynaptic transmission and the interplay between synaptic strength and firing rates in awake animals.
Genetic variability and predicted gain in progeny tests of native Atlantic Forest timber species: Cariniana legalis, Cordia trichotoma, and Zeyheria tuberculosa
Authors: Pinto dos Santos Aline , Nunes Andrei Caíque Pires , Garuzzo Marlon dos Santos Pereira Birindiba , Corrêa Ronan Xavier , Marques Felipe Garbelini
Published: September 2022

Over the years, the Atlantic Forest has been one of the biomes most affected by fragmentation and despite the scarcity of studies related to their genetic and breeding aspects, native Atlantic Forest species can provide various high-quality timber products. In this context, the objectives of this work were to estimate genetic parameters and predict genetic gain with selection of provenance/progeny tests of Cordia trichotoma, Zeyheria tuberculosa, and Cariniana legalis, for diameter at breast height (DBH) and survival rate. Seed trees from different provenances were selected and measured, and their seeds were collected and tested in the areas of Porto Seguro - Bahia state, Brazil. All test individuals were evaluated for DBH (cm) survival rate (%) and stem straightness. The variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for DBH and survival rate. The narrow-sense individual heritability (h2i) for DBH of the three species ranged from 0.26 to 0.72, showing moderate to high genetic control. However, based on the likelihood ratio test (LRT) there is no genetic variability among genotypes of Z. tuberculosa. For survival rate, high genetic control (0.54) was observed only for C. trichotoma, while for C. legalis and Z. tuberculosa h2i value was 0.11 and 0.0, respectively. After genetic parameter analyses, the expected genetic gains were estimated for seed trees, potential genitors and potential clones. For seed trees, gains based on the additive genetic values (u+a) for DBH by selecting the top 10 individuals of each species per family ranged between 17.17 and 30.31%. In the case of potential genitors, by selecting the top ten individuals based on u + a value, are expected gains between 19.17 and 49.65%. The ranking of the top ten potential clones based on genotypic values (u +g) for each species showed gains between 32.43 and 56.53%. Conducting genetic breeding for C. trichotoma and C. legalis presents high potential of genetic gains and efforts should be taken into account for supporting breeding strategies for those species. In the case of Z. tuberculosa, the absence of genetic variability seems to be a result of the Atlantic Forest deforestation and genetic basis narrowing.
Future forest fires as functions of climate change and attack time for central Bohemian region, Czech Republic
Authors: Lohmander Peter , Zohreh Mohammadi , Jan Kašpar , Tahri Meryem , Berčák Roman , Holuša Jaroslav , Marušák Robert
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a new analysis of how global warming may affect the size of forest fires through its effects on air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The effects of attack time on the size of the final burned area were also determined simultaneously in the statistical analysis. Two nonlinear functions determining the size of fires in the Prague-East District of the Czech Republic were estimated, based on a set of explanatory variables including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and attack time. The functions were determined by multiple regression analysis combined with logarithmic transformations. The effects of climate change scenarios on future forest fires were calculated using the estimated fire-size function. The results show that if global warming leads to increased air temperature, reduced humidity, and stronger winds, we can expect larger fires. According to climate change scenarios, an upturn in the size of fires is predicted over this century. While we can control the fire by reducing the attack time, the results also show that if firefighters can reach a fire more quickly, the size of the fire will be reduced. If forest management methods, infrastructure, and fire brigade capacity are not adapted to the new climate, larger areas can be expected to be destroyed by fire.
Wood density and fiber dimensions of root, stem, and branch wood of Populus ussuriensis Kom. trees
Authors: Zhao Xiping , Guo Pingping , Zhang Zhaolin , Wang Xingchang , Peng Haixin , Wang Mengke
Published: September 2022

In order to determine the possibility of whole-tree wood utilization of a native tree species in Northeast China (P. ussuriensis), this study investigated the air-dried wood density and fiber dimensions for each ring in the branch, stem, and root wood of the tree species. The results showed significant differences in wood densities and fiber dimensions among tree positions (p <0.05). The root had the highest average density (0.596 g/cm3), and branch had the lowest average density (0.506 g/cm3). The root and branch wood exhibited larger fibers than that of the stem wood. The root wood had the highest average fiber wall (6.038 µm). The fiber wall of branch wood appeared thinner than the stem wood, although the difference was not statistically significant. The radial pattern of wood density and fiber dimensions indicated that branches and roots did not have juvenile wood such as was found in the stems. The study concludes that the use of branch or root wood of P. ussuriensis would be favorable for papermaking or wood-based panels.
Three-dimensional bioprinting and electrospinning of cellulose nanocrystal/polycaprolactone for tracheal scaffolds
Authors: Feng Chen , Zhou Ji-ping , Xu Xiao-dong , Jiang Ya-ni , Shi Hong-can , Zhao Guo-qi
Published: September 2022

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has high flexibility and controllability, and has attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field. However, the scaffolds prepared only by 3D bioprinting have poor mechanical properties, and they cannot effectively carry the required drugs. At the same time, compared with the size of cells, the pore size of 3D printed scaffolds is relatively large, and the efficiency of cell inoculation and tissue formation are still limited by the pore resolution of scaffolds. Therefore, a new method of forming 3D printing trachea composites is proposed. When combined, 3D bioprinting and electrospinning (ESP) can overcome the issues associated with scaffolds prepared by 3D bioprinting alone. Nanofibers create a suitable environment for cell growth. In terms of material use, Polycaprolactone (PCL) is commonly used as an ideal material source for 3D printing, but its biomechanical properties are insufficient. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) can effectively improve the properties of polymers such as PCL. Therefore, the inner layer of the scaffold used in tracheal surgery is created from PCL/CNC composite by 3D bioprinting, and the outer nano-cellulose film is deposited on the inner surface by electrospinning. Mechanical properties and cell adhesion/growth of scaffolds prepared by 3D bioprinting combined with electrospinning were found to be superior to those of scaffolds prepared by 3D bioprinting.
Criminal Offense or Civil Law Dispute: to the Issue of Assessing Unfair Information Business under the Criminal Legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Yevtieieva Daryna
Published: September 2022

The article provides a criminal assessment of unfair information business (“information fraud”). Based on the analysis of the Supreme Court’s positions and through the prism of such manifestations as nonfulfillment of obligations and improper fulfillment of obligations (untimely, incomplete and poor-quality fulfillment of obligations in the form of service), it is determined whether this phenomenon falls under criminal fraud within the legislation of Ukraine.
Subdissociative-dose ketamine for sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis: a narrative review for the emergency physician
Authors: Bawany Mohammad H. , Motov Sergey M.
Published: September 2022

Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in sickle cell disease can cause severe pain and requires a thoughtful approach to analgesia. Considering the heightened awareness of the harm associated with opioids, an exploration of safer and more effective alternatives is overdue. Ketamine may play a role in supplementing or replacing opioid analgesia for patients in VOC. Studies on the use of ketamine for VOC are sparse, though increasing. In this review, we summarize the literature on subdissociative ketamine use for VOC to offer providers insight into the most effective and safe dosing regimens for sickle cell disease patients. Overall, the studies discussed in this review show decreased opioid use when subdissociative ketamine is provided as an adjunct and resolution of pain for most patients when subdissociative ketamine is used as the sole form of analgesia in VOC. Most studies examined intravenous delivery, and successful outcomes were established for both adult and pediatric patients in multiple clinical settings, including in the emergency department. Although more research is needed, it is clear from the published data that subdissociative ketamine may provide an efficacious addition to the clinician’s toolbox for managing VOC.
Causes and Consequences of Postponing the Decision to Marry in the Opinion of Young Adults
Authors: Rabenda-Nowak Aleksandra , Wylęgły Kamila
Published: September 2022

Aim. The aim of this article is to analyse why young adults in the postmodern world postpone the decision to marry. The authors want to present the reasons for this situation on the basis of surveys conducted with young adults aged 18-35 years old, taking into consideration both psychosocial and economic-cultural factors.
Methods. In the research procedure, the authors used the survey method and the questionnaire interview technique. The unsupervised survey questionnaire was distributed to the respondents online. The research sample consisted of 28 persons in the age group of young adults. All the respondents were in informal partnerships.
Results. Among young adults aged 18-35 years old, reasons for postponing marriage may be divided into psychosocial, related to the pressure of society to carry out developmental tasks and social roles; as well as economic and cultural, focusing on cultural changes and economic standards of young people.
Conclusion. Young adults see the consequences of postponing the decision to marry, but it seems like changing cultural and social circumstances of the postmodern world allow them to make a conscious decision regarding their future. They have a neutral or positive attitude towards postponed marriage.
Ioannikii Malynovskyi as an Enlightener of the History of Law
Authors: Matviichuk Mariia , Popeliushko Vasil , Herasymchuk Oleh , Gongalo Serhii , Borzhetska Nataliia
Published: September 2022

Aim. The purpose of the study is to research the career of Professor Ioannikii Malynovskyi in higher education, his contribution to its development, the goals of the university education.
Methods. In the study several different methods were used in the system and interaction. A dialectical method, which boils down to the fact that all phenomena in society have a beginning and an end. The historical method was used to take into account historical traditions, socio-cultural roots of the state and law. A logical-semantic method was also used to help define the conceptual apparatus used in the study. Formal-legal method was used to analyse and disclose legal concepts.
Results. The research showed that Malynovskyi conducted scientific researches in the chosen field and by getting acquainted with the heritage of national and world culture. The professor made considerable efforts in education to democratise higher education, in particular, by admitting women to higher education in Western Siberia. He defined the goals of university teaching: 1) to learn to acquire knowledge, the method of scientific research and, 2) to get acquainted with the current state of science. The scientist was the first to create a chronologically consistent, comprehensive subject course on the history of Rus’ law.
Conclusions. Malynovskyi’s contribution to the democratisation of higher education already belongs to history, but his scientifically based recommendations on the goals of university education and means of achieving it are not without relevance today, but especially on the practical side in training future legal practitioners  which are topical for today.
Communication Community in the Prefigurative World
Authors: Kobylarek Aleksander , Madej Martyna , Roubalová Marie
Published: September 2022

In the contemporary world, communication goes far beyond the well-known traditional written or spoken forms. For today's digital users, these have become insufficient, as using them, they cannot express their thoughts fully. The youth that has developed its own language, has become more hermetic, but not because it rejects other generations. The reason is the inability of older generations to understand the new ways of communication. Seniors find it challenging to learn how to use new technologies and stay up to date with trends. Although young people are able to understand them, the older generation cannot keep up with the news and stays excluded. The lack of mutual understanding results in weaker bonds. Once again, it is possible to observe ICT as a contemporary key competence essential for an adequate, mutually comprehensible exchange of messages. The best way to connect two generations in this aspect is informal education, especially one focusing on intergenerational activities, which will not only reduce the exclusion of a social group such as seniors but will also let them to develop their critical thinking skills, which in the age of the Internet are crucial. Bringing up both generations in two different 'normalities' does not make any of them inferior but simply different. Investing in education, the desire for self-development and learning about the culture of different generations will not only open people's minds but will also have a positive impact on the development of intergenerational solidarity and mutual understanding.
Homelessness as a Social Problem - Socio-pathological Phenomenon - Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Tvrdoň Miroslav , Lojan Radoslav , Máhrik Tibor , Zaharia Stefan , Davydova Vladimirovna Ekaterina
Published: September 2022

Aim. In qualitative research, the authors identify the most frequent cases of homeless people staying on the street and identify general prejudices against homeless people who come into direct contact with the public.
Methods. The study analyses and interprets the risk aspects of the real life of the homeless. Through qualitative research based on open coding, the creation of a system of categories, and analytical induction, the authors established a final hypotheses.
Results. Studies confirm that homelessness affects not only the life of an individual, but also points to the experience of homeless society and the image of the homeless today. The authors analyse and identify the opinions of social workers who have experience with this target group.
Conclusion. The scholarly and professional opinions and contributions in this study highlight the strength and diversity of homelessness. By conducting qualitative research, they identify prejudices against the homeless and the causes that contribute to homelessness.
Usage of Rapeseed Oil and Ethanol in a Diesel Engine
Authors: Likhanov Vitaly A. , Lopatin Oleg P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Alternative fuels in IC-engines make it possible to reduce the harmful effects of exhaust gases on the environment without the use of expensive cleaning systems, diversify the fuel market, and reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy recourses, while research aimed at studying the use of alternative fuels makes it possible to find optimal options for replacing non-renewable raw materials. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of using ethanol in a standard tractor diesel engine with volumetric mixing and combustion from flare resulting from the autoignition of a rapeseed oil pilot portion and to optimize separate cyclic fuel deliveries to obtain maximum energy and environmental effect.
Materials and Methods. The article deals with the description of the results of the use of rapeseed oil and ethanol in a serial tractor diesel engine of dimension 2F 10.5/12.0 with separate fuel injection directly into the combustion chamber. In the course of experimental studies, the working process was indicated by a piezo quartz pressure sensor installed in the cylinder head, fuel and air consumption were measured, and samples of exhaust gases to study the gas composition and determine the content of toxic components and smokiness were taken.
Results. The exact ethanol and rapeseed oil delivery was determined; the values of the average effective pressure, the average temperature of gases in the cylinder, and active and full heat generation were obtained. It is shown that with an increase in the cyclic ethanol delivery, the proportion of heat from kinetic combustion increases, while the diesel process is characterized by an increase in the proportion of diffusion combustion when the load increases. The analysis of the processes inside the cylinder when the engine runs on ethanol and rapeseed oil in comparison with the traditional diesel process is carried out.
Discussion and Conclusion. The use of rapeseed oil and ethanol can completely replace the traditional fuel of petroleum origin for an operating diesel engine by installing additional fuel equipment and modifying the head of cylinder block through mounting an additional nozzle. In this case, the environmental performance of the diesel engine improves significantly.
Change of Spectral Photoluminescent Properties of Milk during Souring
Authors: Belyakov Mikhail V. , Samarin Gennady N. , Kudryavtsev Alexander A. , Efremenkov Igor Yu.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The use of digital technologies will increase the efficiency of animal husbandry. These technologies include optical monitoring of product quality. The aim of the research is to study the dependence of the spectral characteristics and parameters of excitation and luminescence of milk during souring.
Materials and Methods. The milk with a fat content of 3.2% was used for measurements. The acidity was controlled by the titrimetric method. The excitation and luminescence registration spectra were measured on a Fluorat-02-Panorama spectrofluorimeter in the range of 200–500 nm. Spectra parameters were calculated in the PanoramaPro and Microcal Origin programs.
Results. When milk sours, excitation spectra shift downwards, while a qualitative change in characteristics is observed with the range of 350–500 nm, although the photoelectric signal absolute level is almost an order of magnitude less than with a range of 220?340 nm. The photoluminescence flux when excited by the radiation with wavelength of 262 nm decreases during the souring process. The flux excited by the radiation with wavelength of 385 nm increases especially in the first three days. The flux at wavelength of 442 nm decreases slightly. Statistical parameters and energy of photoluminescence spectra are not informative for the milk souring control. The dependence of the ratio of photoluminescence fluxes excited by the radiation of 385 and 442 nm on acidity is linearly approximated with a determination coefficient of 0.99.
Discussion and Conclusion. The change in the milk luminescent properties can be used as a marker of its souring with acidity control. To create a method for monitoring milk quality indicators during souring, the most informative is the use of excitation wavelengths of 385 and 442 nm with subsequent registration of photoluminescence in the ranges 440–490 and 490–600 nm respectively.
Problems of Mobility Rights for Persons with Disabilities on the Basis of the Definition of (Persons with) Disabilities under the Current Law
Authors:   Center for Asia & Diaspora studies, Lim Bomi
Published: September 2022

In Korean society, the right to mobility of persons with disabilities is at a considerably lower level from the perspective of legal theory as well as from a practical point of view.
Under the current law, the definition of persons with disabilities recognizes disabilities as personal problems, a policy framework regards the mobility plans for them as ones that need to be solved through secondary or additional measures rather than seeking a fundamental solution. In addition, theory, the rights of persons with disabilities have also been confined to and discussed from the perspective of social welfare, not the perspective of freedom or equality. This not only goes against the global trend that views disabilities as a social problem but also neglects the duty of the state to come up with practical measures for persons with disabilities who are in desperate need of mobility.
Above all, a thorough implementation of the plan to increase the number of means of transportation based on the existing laws must be guaranteed, and it is strongly required to revise the legal definition of disabilities and persons with disabilities in order to find the ways to fundamentally break down the social barriers to disabilities in the future.
Coenzyme Q10 – a literature review on supplementation in chronic disorders and the anti-aging process
Authors:   Private Medical Practice Paulina Kostrzewska, Masłowiec, Poland, Kostrzewska Paulina , Mandera Amanda ,   Beskid Oncology Centre – John Paul II Municipal Hospital in Bielsko-Biała, Bielsko-Biała, Poland, Nagi Krystian ,   Student Scientific Association of Cardiosexology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland, Pawlikowska Anna ,   Lower Silesian Oncology Centre, Wrocław, Poland, Szuster Ewa ,   Lower Silesian Oncology Centre, Wrocław, Poland
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The continuous growth and aging of the population poses enormous challenges in maintaining the health of the entire world’s population, which is forecasted to exceed 9 billion by 2050. Diseases of the XXI century can be prevented by reducing risk factors and appropriate prophylaxis, which also includes supplementation. Aim: The aim of the study was to summarise data on the effects of coenzyme Q10 on the course of chronic diseases and the aging process. Materials and methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. Most of the articles published after 2012 were reviewed. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Decreased levels of coenzyme Q10 and increased levels of oxidative stress have been found in the course of multiple chronic diseases. It seems logical that coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves mitochondrial function and provides antioxidant protection to organs and tissues affected by various pathophysiological conditions. In addition to significantly improving cardiovascular and neurological functions, coenzyme Q10 has also found a wide application in delaying skin aging processes. Conclusions: Coenzyme Q10 is the third most commonly used dietary supplement in the world. The efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in selected groups of patients has been confirmed in clinical trials. More research and clinical trials are needed with more participants undergoing longer-term supplementation to assess the benefits of coenzyme Q10.
Non-standard therapeutic methods for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a premature newborn – case report
Authors:   Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Paw Dominika , Sokołowska Małgorzata ,   Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Głuszczak-Idziakowska Ewa ,   Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Walentowska-Janowicz Marta ,   Department of Paediatric Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Schreiber-Zamora Joanna ,   Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Kociszewska-Najman Bożena ,   Department of Neonatology and Rare Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Published: September 2022

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a lung disease that is the most common complication of prematurity and the most common chronic lung disease in neonates treated with mechanical ventilation and/or oxygen therapy. Children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are at risk of cardiovascular complications, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The presented case concerns a premature infant born at 24 weeks gestation with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension, interstitial emphysema and emphysema. The patient was subject to non-standard therapeutic procedures including L-citrulline, which may have a beneficial effect on the treatment of complications of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Despite proper treatment, it is not always possible to avoid severe complications of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Currently, available therapies are not always fully effective and it is necessary to continue searching and implementing new treatments to lower the risk of infant death and minimise long-term complications.
SARS-CoV-2 infection, hormonal contraception and pulmonary embolism in a 17-year-old female patient
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Upper Silesian Child Health Centre, Katowice, Poland, Szydłowski Andrzej , Kusa Jacek ,   Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Kocot Krzysztof ,   Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Gruszczyńska Katarzyna ,   Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Skierska Agnieszka ,   Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Upper Silesian Child Health Centre, Katowice, Poland, Olczak Zbigniew ,   Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Independent Public Clinical Hospital no. 6, Upper Silesian Child Health Centre, Katowice, Poland, Moric-Janiszewska Ewa ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland, Szydłowska Anna ,   Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Upper Silesian Child Health Centre, Katowice, Poland
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the history of a 17-year-old patient admitted to the paediatric cardiology department in a life-threatening condition with dyspnoea, blood desaturation up to 90% and chest pain. The patient contracted COVID-19 (she was not vaccinated), and additionally treated her acne with oestrogen hormonal drugs. Computed tomography of the chest revealed massive embolic changes in the pulmonary artery and its branches. After introduction of heparin under the control of activated partial thromboplastin time and then warfarin under the control of international normalised ratio (INR), regression of changes was achieved; however, the arterial vessel narrowed up to the upper lobe of the right lung. During cardiac catheterisation, the vessel was widened with a balloon and successfully opened. Follow-up echocardiography showed regression of changes, the dimensions of the right heart decreased, and the features of pulmonary hypertension disappeared. During the exercise test, she reached stage 4. After 2 months, to avoid patient exposure to radiation, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary vessels was performed instead of computed tomography, showing partial restoration of the artery. Currently, the patient is still taking warfarin (INR 2.5–3.5), is in good general condition and a lung scan is planned in the future.
Augustine’s Early Thought on the Redemptive Function of Divine Judgement, by Bart Van Egmond
Authors: Helleman Wendy Elgersma
Published: September 2022

Augustine’s Early Thought on the Redemptive Function of Divine Judgement, by Bart Van Egmond. Oxford Early Christian Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. 304pp., Hb. $110. ISBN-13: 9780198834922. Also available as an Ebook and online.
Analysis of the restoration of cardiology diagnostics scope in the Russian Federation during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the Russian segment of the INCAPS COVID 2 study under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency
Authors: Ansheles A. A. , Sergienko V. B. , Sinitsyn E. V. , Vakhromeeva M. N. , Kokov A. N. , Zavadovsky K. V. , Ryzhkova D. V. , Karalkin A. V. , Shurupova I. V. , Pospelov V. A. , Migunova E. V. , Sayfullina G. B. , Dariy O. Yu. , Zhuravlev K. N. , Itskovich I. E. , Gagarina N. V. , Hirschfeld C. , Williams M. C. , Shaw L. J. , Malkovskiy E. , Better N. , Cerci R. , Dorbala Sh. , Karthikeyan G. , Pascual T. N. , Villines T. , Vitola J. V. , Cohen Y. , Randazzo M. , Sewanan L. , Pynda Y. , Dondi M. , Paez D. , Einstein A. J.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To assess the changes in cardiology diagnostics scope in the Russian Federation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Material and methods. In an online survey organized by the Division of Human Health of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), including questions about changes in the workflow of diagnostic laboratories and the scope of cardiac diagnostics from March 2019 (pre-pandemic) to April 2020 (first wave of the pandemic) and April 2021 (recovery stage), 15 Russian medical centers from 5 cities took part.

Results. The decrease in the diagnostics scope by April 2020 by 59,3% compared to March 2019, by April 2021, stopped and was replaced by growth (+7,1%, the recovery rate, 112,1%). The greatest increase was in routine examinations, such as echocardiography (+11,6%), stress echocardiography (+18,7%), stress single photon emission computed tomography (+9,7%), and to a lesser extent resting computed tomography angiography (+7,0%) and magnetic resonance imaging (+6,6%). The performance of stress electrocardiography, stress magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of endocarditis in April 2021 compared to March 2019 decreased by 10,3%, 63,2% and 62,5%, respectively.

Conclusion. Due to the resumption of patient admissions for cardiac examinations during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, with the anti-epidemic measures taken and certain changes in the workflow, there has been a recovery in the diagnostics scope in most of the included centers.
Mid-term outcomes of surgical myocardial revascularization using coronary endarterectomy in diffuse coronary artery disease
Authors: Visker Ya. Yu. , Molchanov A. N.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To evaluate the mid-term outcomes of surgical myocardial revascularization in combination with coronary endarterectomy in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and methods. In this cohort, non-randomized, retrospective, longitudinal study, we compared the mid-term outcomes of surgical myocardial revascularization in combination with coronary artery endarterectomy in patients with diffuse CAD with the outcomes of surgical myocardial revascularization without endarterectomy in patients without diffuse CAD. The study group included 93 patients, while the control group — 99 patients. Mid-term mortality, morbidity, and angiographic outcomes of surgical revascularization were assessed.

Results. The mean follow-up period was 46,7±18,5 months. Mid-term mortality was 5,5% (n=5) in the coronary endarterectomy group and 3,1% (n=3) in the isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) group (p=0,486). Angina recurrence was noted in 14,3% (n=13) of patients in the endarterectomy group and in 14,4% (n=14) of cases in the isolated CABG group (p=0,977). Coronary artery stenting was required in the mid-term period in 4,4% (n=4) of patients in the endarterectomy group and 4,1% (n=4) (p=1000) in the isolated CABG group. A stroke in the mid-term period occurred in 1 (1,1%) patient of the study group and 3 (3,1%) patients in the control group (p=0,334). Graft patency in the anterior interventricular artery was 90,9%, while in the circumflex artery — 100% and in the right coronary artery — 80,4%. There were no significant differences in the patency level between the study and control groups. Quality of life did not differ significantly between groups in the mid-term period.

Conclusion. Coronary endarterectomy is not associated with an increase in mortality and morbidity in the mid-term period, and is accompanied by satisfactory angiographic patency rates. There was no negative effect of coronary endarterectomy on the quality of life in the mid-term period.
Mardin’de Bezemeli Kadın Mezar Taşları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: BODAKÇİ Ahmet
Published: September 2022

Ölüm, insanoğlunun var olduğu andan itibaren yaşam döngüsünden ayırmadığı, kafa yorduğu, tanımaya ve tanımlamaya çalıştığı bir olgudur. Ölümün bir son olmadığı, ölen bireyin bu dünyadan ayrılarak başka bir aleme göç ettiğine, o alemde yaşamaya devam ettiğine inanılmıştır. Öteki dünya anlayışıyla birlikte insanlardaki ölüyü gömme ritüelleri birbirinden farklı mezar çeşitlerinin ortaya çıkmasında etkili olmuştur. İnanca bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan mezar çeşitleri ait oldukları toplumun sanat zevkini, inancını ve kültür düzeyini yansıtan önemli belgelerdir. Üzerlerinde ihtiva ettikleri başlık, yazı, figür ve nesneli bezemeleriyle yatanın cinsiyetini belirtir özelliktedirler. Erkek mezar taşlarında serpuş denilen başlık yer alırken, kadın mezar taşları daha zarif, süslü ve dönemin sanat zevkini yansıtan yoğun süsleme kompozisyonlarıyla kadının ruhunu yansıtır özelliktedirler. Binlerce yıllık geçmişi ve sayısız uygarlığın izini taşıyan Mardin, savaş ve istilalar sonucu birçok kez yakılıp, yıkılmış, mezar taşları da bu olumsuzluklardan nasibini almış ve günümüze yakın tarihli örnekler dışında gelen örnek olmamıştır. Mardin’de Muhammed Zırar (Dırar) mezarlığında 19. yüzyıl sonu ile 20. yüzyılın başına tarihlenen bezemeli kadın mezar taşlarından birkaç örnek Sanat Tarihi disiplini çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirilmeye alınan örnekler kadın mezar taşları olup, şahideli, sandukalı ve pehle taşlı olmak üzere üç grupta tanıtılmıştır. Ele alınan örneklerin malzeme, form, teknik ve süsleme özellikleri bakımından bölge ve yurt genelindeki örneklerle benzer ve ayrılan yönlerine değinilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ele alınan örneklerin Cizre, Savur, Nusaybin, Siirt gibi merkezlerde yer alan mezar taşlarıyla benzer form ve süsleme özelliklerine sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir.