bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Welfare to Work: the local dimension
Authors: Finn Dan
Published: January 2017

Welfare systems in the European Union and in other OECD countries are under pressure. In response, governments have embarked on major reforms aimed at creating work-based welfare systems. The new approaches involve radical changes in traditional welfare and employment agency bureaucracies. In most countries this has been coupled with decentralization and the increased use of local partnerships and organizations in designing and implementing new 'Welfare to Work' programmes. This article assesses these broad developments and describes the implementation of recent Welfare to Work strategies in three countries – Great Britain, the United States, and the Netherlands. The article compares and contrasts the approach of each country and outlines some of the key developments and implementation problems that have emerged. It briefly assesses the evaluation evidence so far available and analyses the potential and problems that more flexible local delivery arrangements are likely to generate.
The better part of valour: The politics of French welfare reform
Authors: Vail Mark I.
Published: January 2017

This article uses the French statist model as a test case for Paul Pierson's notion of 'blame avoidance' in retrenchment politics. In a comparative analysis of Prime Minister Edouard Balladur's health and pension reforms with those of his successor Alain Juppé, the article concludes that state strength creates both institutional 'assets' and 'liabilities' for elites undertaking retrenchment. In particular, it argues that, due to the political liabilities created by state autonomy in France, successful reform has depended upon judicious choice of policy substance and policy-making style on the part of elites. State autonomy thus may not yield, and indeed may be antithetical to, a capacious state in the context of welfare retrenchment. Accordingly, both political style and the substantive provisions of particular policy efforts can play a crucial role in compensating for the political liabilities that are inherent to welfare retrenchment and particularly acute in insular policy-making contexts.

Résumé

Cet article teste la notion de Paul Pierson 'd'éviter d'être blâmé' dans les politiques de réduction 'retrenchment' des systèmes de protection sociale dans le cas du modèle français caractérisé par l'importance de l'Etat. Dans une analyse comparative des réformes de la Santé et des pensions menées par Edouard Balladur et par Alain Juppé, cet article conclut que la force de l'Etat crée à la fois des atouts et des désavantages pour entreprendre des politiques de 'retrenchment'. en particulier, il avance que du fait des engagements politiques créés par l'autonomie de l'état en France, la mise en oeuvre de réformes a dépendu de choix judicieux tant en matière de contenu que de style de la part des élites. L'autonomie de l'Etat peut réduire, et même être opposée, à la capacité de l'Etat de mener des politiques de 'retrenchement'. De ce fait, tant le style poli-tique que les disposions substantielles d'efforts politiques particuliers peuvent jouer un rôle crucial pour compenser les engagements politiques qui sont inhérents au processus de réduction de la protection sociale et partic-ulièrement sensibles dans des contextes avec nombre réduit de décideurs politiques.
Urban housing and the role of 'underclass' processes: the case of Ireland
Authors: Nolan Brian , Whelan Christopher T.
Published: January 2017

Rising levels of urban deprivation and a perception that poverty has become more concentrated in such areas and has taken on a qualitatively different character have provoked a variety of popular and academic responses. The potentially most fruitful set of hypotheses focuses on the unintended consequences of social change. A combination of weak labour force attachment and social isolation is perceived to lead to behaviour and orientations that contribute to a vicious circle of deprivation. In examining the value of this conceptual framework in the Irish case we proceed by measuring directly the social-psychological factors which are hypothesized to mediate the 'underclass' process. A significantly higher level of poverty is found in urban public-sector tenant households. This finding cannot be accounted for entirely by socio-demographic differences. It is the assessment of this net or residual effect that is crucial to an evaluation of vicious circle explanations. Controlling for the critical social-psychological factors we found that net effect was reduced by less than a quarter and concluded that the remaining effect is more plausibly attributed to the role of selection than to underclass processes. Analysis of the changing relationship between urban public-sector tenancy and poverty provides support for this interpretation. For the main part the distinctiveness of social housing tenants is a consequence of the disadvantages they suffer in relation to employment opportunities and living standards. Ultimately it is these problems that policy interventions, whatever the level at which they take place, must address.
Do means-tested benefits alleviate poverty?: Evidence on Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom from the Luxembourg Income Study
Authors: Behrendt Christina
Published: January 2017

This article analyses the relationship between means-tested benefits and poverty in Western Europe. Means-tested benefits, as social assistance or housing benefits, are designed as safeguards against poverty for the low-income strata of the population, but our knowledge on their impact is fairly limited. How effective are they in reducing poverty rates? To what degree can they fill the gap that income redistribution through taxes and non-means-tested social security benefits leaves? How large is the impact of means-tested transfers in private household budgets, and how does the role of means-tested benefits vary across countries? This article uses the household data of the Luxembourg Income Study to explore the effectiveness of means-tested programmes in terms of poverty alleviation in Britain, Germany and Sweden in the early 1990s. The results of this analysis show a considerable variation in the degree means-tested benefits can actually protect people from poverty. A comparison of household income before and after means-tested benefits exhibits different patterns of poverty alleviation. Using four relative poverty lines (30 percent, 40 percent, 50 percent and 60 percent of median household income adjusted for family size), this piece of research illustrates that there is considerable variation in the degree people are lifted up the income scale by means-tested benefits.
Social assistance in Southern Europe: the case of Greece revisited
Authors: Mataganis Manos
Published: January 2017

Social assistance is a largely neglected part of the welfare state in Greece. Recent surveys of social assistance arrangements in developed countries from a comparative perspective tend to portray Greece as the most 'rudimentary' member of the 'rudimentary' group of countries or social assistance regimes, i.e. Southern Europe. While not entirely unfounded, this view rests on a less than complete account of social assistance in Greece, and also ignores the latest developments that further challenge this position. This article aims to 'map' social assistance benefits in Greece, describe recent developments and discuss current debates on future directions of welfare reform in the country. This review suggests that although social assistance remains a 'poor relation' within Greece's social protection system as a whole, its relative weight is much greater than previously thought. Moreover, the profile of social assistance is set to rise due to a renewed emphasis on notions of selectivity and targeting, but also in connection with the revival of the debate on the merits and practicalities of introducing a minimum guaranteed income scheme in the country. The article concludes that the search for the proper place of social assistance within a reconstructed welfare state in Greece has only just begun.
Age, Social Care, and the Politics of Old Age
Authors: Jamieson Anne
Published: January 2017

Book reviews: Rostgaard, T. and T. Fridberg, Caring for Children and Older People - a Comparison of European Policies and Practices (reviewed by Anne Jamieson); Glendenning, C. (ed.), Rights and Realities. Comparing new Developments in Long-term Care for Older People (reviewed by Anne Jamieson)
Impact of Europeanization on Nordic alcohol control policies: a discussion of processes and national differences
Authors: Ugland Trygve
Published: January 2017

The impact of Europeanization on Nordic alcohol control policies can occur through three main processes: 'positive activist reform', 'negative reform', and 'reform by indirect (de facto) pressure'. In this article the significance of each of these processes has been considered, and based on this discussion, it emerges that the effects have mainly occurred through negative reforms or indirect pressure. Through these processes, the state alcohol monopoly systems have been deregulated and liberalized, and the price levels of alcoholic beverages have been lowered and are currently under pressure to be further reduced. The impact of Europeanization on Nordic alcohol control policies have to a large degree been the same for the EU members Finland and Sweden, as for Iceland and Norway, due to their participation in the EEA Agreement. The activist role of the courts and the dominance of negative reforms within the single market are crucial.
Testing the 'social dumping' hypothesis in Southern Europe: welfare policies in Greece and Spain during the last 20 years
Authors: Guillen Ana M. , Matsaganis Manos
Published: January 2017

Recent research has shown that the traditional view of social welfare in Southern Europe as 'rudimentary' is a misreading of its distinct nature: welfare arrangements in the region do not 'lag behind' as a whole, rather they suffer from serious imbalances that cause inequities and inefficiencies. The article focuses on Greece and Spain, two countries that differ in terms of economic performance and size, but share a recent history of successful transition to democracy and common membership of the Southern European 'model' of welfare. The article shows that the welfare policies pursued in these two countries over the last 20 years were marked by strong expansionary trends that clearly outbalanced occasional cut-backs. This evidence lends no support to the 'social dumping' hypothesis. If anything, 'catching up with Europe' in terms of social as well as economic standards seems to have been elevated to something of a national ideal, shared by both government and opposition. As the expansionary thrust of 'welfare state building' is being exhausted, the biggest challenge facing Southern European welfare states is the construction of welfare institutions in tune with a changing society.
The coming of East and South-East Asian welfare states
Authors: Hort Sven Olsson , Kuhnle Stein
Published: January 2017

It has long been assumed among Western commentators that rapid economic growth in East and South-east Asia has been achieved without the development of social policies. It has often been inferred that growth without social welfare is not only possible, but beneficial to further strong economic growth. The article questions these perceptions and beliefs. First, to what extent did East and South-east Asian countries delay the introduction of social insurance schemes compared to European pioneering countries, in the sense of introducing them only at a much higher level of 'modernization'? Second, to what extent was the economic miracle achieved by some of these countries based on (or accompanied by) attempts to forestall or retrench welfare state schemes? Third, to what extent has the recent financial crisis led to attempts at lowering or changing standards of social protection? The study shows that the Asian countries generally introduced social security programmes at a lower level of 'modernization' than Western European countries; that rapid and strong economic growth in the decade 1985–95 has in general been accompanied by welfare expansion; and that even after the financial crisis of 1997, expansion of state welfare responsibility is more evident than efforts to reduce or dismantle state welfare responsibility]
Welfare state development and employment in the Netherlands in comparative perspective
Authors: Becker Uwe
Published: January 2017

In recent years it has been said that the Dutch welfare state has been made fit for employment growth. This development is praised as part of the so-called Dutch 'Delta model' which since the mid-1980s has been very succesful in labour market terms. Some 20 years ago, when unemployment started to soar, the high level of social security was seen, by contrast, as an aspect of the 'Dutch disease'. Employing a typology based on regulative assumptions of dealing with market risks and aberrations, this paper briefly analyses the subsequent stages of Dutch welfare state development: from a predominantly Christian- paternalist system to social-democratization from the mid-1960s and then to a certain degree of liberalization since the mid-1980s. The structural or institutional inertia of the original system should not be overlooked, however. Comparative investigation reveals that the current Dutch welfare state, in spite of retrenchment measures, still belongs to the most generous ones in the western world, which allows only for relatively low, though rising, levels of poverty and inequality. And it is questionable whether and to what extent retrenchment has contributed to the impressive, although largely part-time-based rise in the Dutch employment rate. In any case non-employment, broadly understood as different from registered unemployment, has not declined in the Netherlands. It has been redistributed to other categories, particularly to the disability scheme. Like other continental countries, the Netherlands still seems to face the dilemma of work and welfare.
Gender and social policy: comparing welfare states in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union
Authors: Pascall Gillian , Manning Nick
Published: January 2017

How are the distinctive gender regimes in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union changing? What is the impact of the transition - and especially of the loss of state expenditure and state legitimacy - on women as paid workers, partners/wives, mothers, carers and citizens? Have women become more familialized as a result of transition processes? The Monee statistical database of 27 countries, and policy questionnaires to 12, show growing social, economic and cultural diversity. But the soviet legacy and the transition processes give these countries common ground too. Equal rights at work and womenÕs need for paid employment remain from the soviet era. But the gap between rights and practice widens. Legal equality in marriage remains, but domestic violence and the domestic division of labour give evidence of unequal relationships. While the soviet state socialized many costs of motherhood and care work, in some countries families are now bearing much heavier costs. Women as citizens now have more freedoms to organize, but action is more focused on coping and survival than on wider politics: women are - broadly - more familialized, more dependent on family relationships if perhaps less dependent in them.
Gender, family and employment in comparative perspective: the realities and representations of equal opportunities in Britain and France
Authors: Crompton Rosmary , Feuvre Nicky Le
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we will explore how contrasting national discourses relating to women, and gender equality have been incorporated into and reflected in national policies. In the first section, we will outline the recent history of EU equal opportunities policy, in which positive action has been replaced by a policy of 'mainstreaming'. Second, we will describe the evolution of policies towards women and equal opportunities in Britain and France. It will be argued that whereas some degree of positive action for women has been accepted in Britain, this policy is somewhat alien to French thinking about equality - although pro-natalist French policies have resulted in favourable conditions for employed mothers in France. In the third section, we will present some attitudinal evidence, drawn from national surveys, which would appear to reflect the national policy differences we have identified in respect of the 'equality agenda'. In the fourth section, we will draw upon biographical interviews carried out with men and women in British and French banks in order to illustrate the impact of these cross-national differences within organizations and on individual lives. We demonstrate that positive action gender equality policies have made an important impact in British banks, while overt gender exclusionary practices still persist in the French banks studied. In the conclusion, we reflect on the European policy implications of our findings.
Diverse breadwinner models: a couple-based analysis of gendered working time in Britain and Denmark
Authors: Warren Tracey
Published: January 2017

A commonly used typology in the cross-national study of gendered working time depicts variation in the strength of a 'male-breadwinner' model. Yet the question at the heart of these comparisons is actually con-cerned with why differences in women's bread winning exist cross-nationally. In addition, there is a growing awareness of the need to explore variation in gender contracts within societies too, and class is a fundamental indi-cator of heterogeneity in women's bread winning. In this context, this paper investi-gates two societies characterized by somewhat different strength male-breadwinner models: Britain and Denmark. It examines the extent to which women can be seen to be 'bread-winner' workers in the household, and what policies facilitate or impede their bread winning in the two societies. It is argued that although gender-based breadwinner models usefully depict broad differences in societal work patterns, their relative neglect of non-gendered dimensions of inequality - such as class - lead to their underestimating variety in women's experiences within societies and neglecting such non-gender-based factors which may unite women cross-nationally.
Capacity Investment with Demand Learning
Authors: Qi Anyan , Ahn Hyun-Soo , Sinha Amitabh
Published: January 2017

We study a firm’s optimal strategy to adjust its capacity using demand information. The capacity adjustment is costly and often subject to managerial hurdles, which sometimes make it difficult to adjust capacity multiple times. To clearly analyze the impact of demand learning on the firm’s decision, we study two scenarios. In the first scenario, the firm’s capacity adjustment cost increases significantly with respect to the number of adjustments because of significant managerial hurdles, and resultantly the firm has a single opportunity to adjust capacity (single adjustment scenario). In the second scenario, the capacity adjustment cost does not change with respect to the number of adjustments because of little managerial hurdles, and therefore the firm has multiple opportunities to adjust capacity (multiple adjustment scenario). For both scenarios, we first formulate the problem as a stochastic dynamic program, and then characterize the firm’s optimal policy: when to adjust and by how much. We show that the optimal decision on when and by how much to change the capacity is not monotone in the likelihood of high demand in the single adjustment scenario, while the optimal decision is monotone under mild conditions, and the optimal policy is a control band policy in the multiple adjustment scenario. The sharp contrast reflects the impact of demand learning on the firm’s optimal capacity decision. Since computing and implementing the optimal policy is not tractable for general problems, we develop a data-driven heuristic for each scenario. In the single adjustment scenario, we show that a two-step heuristic, which explores demand for an appropriately chosen length of time and adjusts the capacity based on the observed demand is asymptotically optimal, and show the convergence rate. In the multiple adjustment scenario, we also show that a multistep heuristic under which the firm adjusts its capacity at a predetermined set of periods with an exponentially increasing gap between two consecutive decisions is asymptotically optimal and shows its convergence rate. We finally apply our heuristics to a numerical study and demonstrate the performance and robustness of the heuristics.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1561 .
Axillary Versus Femoral Arterial Cannulation During Repair of Type A Aortic Dissection?
Authors: Stamou Sotiris , Gartner Derek , Kouchoukos Nicholas , Lobdell Kevin , Khabbaz Kamal , Murphy Edward , Hagberg Robert
Published: January 2017

Background:
The goal of this study was to compare early postoperative outcomes and actuarial-free survival between patients who underwent repair of acute Type A aortic dissection with axillary or femoral artery cannulation.

Methods:
A total of 305 patients from five academic medical centers underwent acute Type A aortic dissection repair via axillary (n = 107) or femoral (n = 198) artery cannulation between January 2000 and December 2010. Major morbidity, operative mortality, and 5-year actuarial survival were compared between groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of operative mortality, and Cox regression hazard ratios were calculated to determine predictors of long-term mortality.

Results:
Operative mortality was not influenced by cannulation site (16% for axillary cannulation vs. 19% for femoral cannulation, p = 0.64). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, hemodynamic instability (p < 0.001) and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (>200 min; p = 0.05) emerged as independent predictors of operative mortality. Stroke rates were comparable between the two techniques (14% for axillary and 17% for femoral cannulation, p = 0.52). Five-year actuarial survival was comparable between the groups (55.1% for axillary and 65.7% for femoral cannulation, p = 0.36). In Cox regression analysis, predictors of long-term mortality were: age (p < 0.001), stroke (p < 0.001), prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (p = 0.001), hemodynamic instability (p = 0.002), and renal failure (p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
The outcomes of femoral versus axillary arterial cannulation in patients with acute Type A aortic dissection are comparable. The choice of arterial cannulation site should be individualized based on different patient risk profiles.
A NEW SPECIES OF ZINGIBER (ZINGIBERACEAE) FROM ENGGANO ISLAND, INDONESIA
Authors: ARDIYANI MARLINA
Published: January 2017

ARDIYANI, M. 2015. - A new species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Enggano Island, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 14 (2): 307 - 310. - A species of Zingiber Miller (Zingiberaceae), Z. engganoensis Ardiyani, from Enggano Island, Indonesia is described. The species is only known from its type locality. It is similar to Z. spectabile Griff. but with some morphological differences. Three-locus DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK and ITS2) of the new species were generated for its identification purposes
UK National Data Guardian for Health and Care’s Review of Data Security: Trust, better security and opt-outs
Authors: Chan Tom , Di Iorio Concetta Tania , De Lusignan Simon , Lo Russo Daniel , Kuziemsky Craig , Liaw Siaw-Teng
Published: January 2017

Sharing health and social care data is essential to the delivery of high quality health care as well as disease surveillance, public health, and for conducting research. However, these societal benefits may be constrained by privacy and data protection principles. Hence, societies are striving to find a balance between the two competing public interests. Whilst the spread of IT advancements in recent decades has increased the demand for an increased privacy and data protection in many ways health is a special case.UK, are adopting guidelines, codes of conduct and regulatory instruments aimed to implement privacy principles into practical settings and enhance public trust. Accordingly, in 2015, the UK National Data Guardian (NDG) requested to conduct a further review of data protection, referred to as Caldicott 3.  The scope of this review is to strengthen data security standards and confidentiality. It also proposes a consent system based on an “opt-out” model rather than on “opt-in.Across Europe as well as internationally the privacy-health data sharing balance is not fixed.  In Europe enactment of the new EU Data Protection Regulation in 2016 constitute a major breakthrough, which is likely to have a profound effect on European countries and beyond.  In Australia and across North America different ways are being sought to balance out these twin requirements of a modern society - to preserve privacy alongside affording high quality health care for an ageing population.  Whilst in the UK privacy legal framework remains complex and fragmented into different layers of legislation, which may negatively impact on both the rights to privacy and health the UK is at the forefront in the uptake of international and EU privacy and data protection principles. And, if the privacy regime were reorganised in a more comprehensive manner, it could be used as a sound implementation model for other countries.
Trends of video use in distance education: A research synthesis
Authors: Kılınç Hakan , Fırat Mehmet , Yüzer T. Volkan
Published: January 2017

Although there are various studies regarding the use of video in distance education, very little synthesizing research on the subject is available. In this study, 253 studies published between 1990 and 2015 are analyzed and a research trend is identified regarding educational video use in distance education. Findings from the study indicate that there is a rising research trend in applied fields such as health and engineering, focusing on the technical aspects of video. However, it has also been found that video use in distance education has not been sufficiently studied regarding its social aspects. Based on the findings of the study, suggestions are made for further studies. Innovative research suggestions about using 360o video and video games in distance education are also offered.
Extra-nuclear effects of estrogen on cortical bone in males require ERαAF-1
Authors: Farman H H , Wu J , Gustafsson K L , Windahl S H , Kim S H , Katzenellenbogen J A , Ohlsson C , Lagerquist M K
Published: January 2017

Estradiol (E2) signaling via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is important for the male skeleton as demonstrated by ERα inactivation in both mice and man. ERα mediates estrogenic effects not only by translocating to the nucleus and affecting gene transcription but also by extra-nuclear actions e.g., triggering cytoplasmic signaling cascades. ERα contains various domains, and the role of activation function 1 (ERαAF-1) is known to be tissue specific. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of extra-nuclear estrogen effects for the skeleton in males and to determine the role of ERαAF-1 for mediating these effects. Five-month-old male wild-type (WT) and ERαAF-1-inactivated (ERαAF-10) mice were orchidectomized and treated with equimolar doses of 17β-estradiol (E2) or an estrogen dendrimer conjugate (EDC), which is incapable of entering the nucleus and thereby only initiates extra-nuclear ER actions or their corresponding vehicles for 3.5 weeks. As expected, E2 treatment increased cortical thickness and trabecular bone volume per total volume (BV/TV) in WT males. EDC treatment increased cortical thickness in WT males, whereas no effect was detected in trabecular bone. In ERαAF-10 males, E2 treatment increased cortical thickness, but did not affect trabecular bone. Interestingly, the effect of EDC on cortical bone was abolished in ERαAF-10 mice. In conclusion, extra-nuclear estrogen signaling affects cortical bone mass in males, and this effect is dependent on a functional ERαAF-1. Increased knowledge regarding estrogen signaling mechanisms in the regulation of the male skeleton may aid the development of new treatment options for male osteoporosis.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Electronic Structure of Graphene Nanosheets
Authors: Ilkiv B.I. , Petrovska S.S. , Sergienko R.A. , Foya О.О. , Ilkiv O.V. , Bondarenko T.N. , Shibata E. , Nakamura T. , Zaulychnyy Ya.V.
Published: January 2017

Investigations of graphene nanosheets and oxidized graphene nanosheets were carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy investigations were used in addition to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that functional carboxyl and epoxide groups were removed from samples due to argon bombardment in studies of oxidized graphene nanosheets with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thus the ОKα-band was not revealed in oxidized graphene nanosheets owing to oxygen removal due to electron bombardment with the use of. ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy.
Magneto-Optical Properties of CdMnTe Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanoparticles Prepared by Physical Methods
Authors: Stolyarchuk І.D.
Published: January 2017

Nanoparticles of Cd1-xMnxTe have been studied by optical absorption and photoluminescence in applied magnetic field. The pulsed laser deposition technique and ball milling were used for fabrication of the samples of diluted magnetic semiconductor nanocrystals. The performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis suggests of spherical shape of nanostructures. In optical absorption spectra of the Cd1-xMnxTe nanoparticles short wavelength shift of the absorption edge due to confinement effect has been observed.  In magnetic field shifts of the absorption spectra and maximum of the peak of photoluminescence towards long wavelength was observed due to the strong spin-exchange interaction between band carriers and magnetic ions. The linear magnetic field dependence of the Zeeman shifts of the maximum of photoluminescence for nanoparticles with low mangan content suggest of increase of the role pairs and antiferromagnetic interaction between Mn2+ ions
CVD – Composites as Perspective Materials for Interference Optics of an IR Spectrum Range (Review)
Authors: Zinchenko V.F. , Chygrynov V.E. , Timukhin Ie.V.
Published: January 2017

The general mechanism of thermal evaporation in vacuum of chalcogenide (oxide) metal − germanium composites is established. Thermodynamic calculations define values of conditional temperatures which are essentially lower in comparison with such for initial components. Possibility of formation at condensation on a substrate of thin-film coatings which possess high optical and operational parameters is revealed.
Variation of Surface Characteristics and Sorption Properties of Zirconium Silicate under Irradiation by Bremsstrahlung Gamma Rays
Authors: Vasylyeva H. , Yakovlev V. , Kylivnyk Yu.
Published: January 2017

The effect of bremsstrahlung gamma rays on the surface parameters of microporous amorphous zirconium silicate and on its ability for sorption is studied. The samples were irradiated using a betatron (electron accelerator) with the maximal energy of the g-quanta of 10 MeV and 24 MeV. The surface characteristics of the sorbents were studied by low-temperature adsorption/desorption of nitrogen. The experimental data were processed by BET, DR, and BJH methods. The results show that under exposure to Bremsstrahlung gamma rays the micropores of the sorbent under investigation are partly transformed in mesopores. The ability of zirconium silicate to absorb Sr2+ ions from an aqueous solution of strontium chloride is shown to increase noticeably after irradiation by 24-MeV bremsstrahlung gamma rays.
Obtaining and X-ray Analysis of Cobalt Ferrite Powders Substituted by Nickel Cations
Authors: Bushkova V.S. , Yaremiy I.P. , Ilnitsky R.V. , Lisovskiy R.P. , Mokhnatskyi M.L.
Published: January 2017

The aim of this work was to create and study of ferrite nickel-cobalt powders, using sol-gel technology with participation of auto-combustion. After completing the process autocombustion was obtained only one phase, which corresponded to  the cubic structure of spinel space group Fd3m. It was found that the average size of coherent scattering regions not exceeding 62 nm. The dependences of the lattice parameter, X-ray density and specific surface area of the ferrite powders from nickel content were found. It was shown that at substitution of cations cobalt on cations nickel latest give preference only B positions, thus displacing part of in the A positions.
The New Molecular Dynamics Approach to Study Radiation Processes
Authors: Mykytenko N.
Published: January 2017

A new modification of the classic method of molecular dynamics is proposed. Method allows clarifying the input of different intervals of the stationary energy spectrum of the incident particles to the final radiation effect. A shock function is introduced that describes the transfer of the corresponding pulse to the crystal atom. The action of shock function is determined by the random function that provides the necessary frequency and the magnitude of shocks. The approach is demonstrated on the example of the ion irradiation of trihydric crystal. It was found that in certain energy intervals “heavy clusters” are formed.
Ellipsometric Study of the Zinc Selenide Natural Cleaves Oxidation
Authors: Оdarych V. А.
Published: January 2017

Measuring of ellipsometric parameters of the light reflected from the fresh cleaves surface of zinc selenide  are conducted under atmospheric conditions during one year. It has been found that the process of cleaves surface interaction with air consists of two stages. A layer with  thickness to 7 nm is formed on the first stage within  to 3 weeks. This layer optical constants  are a little less than zinc selenide optical constants. An external transparent layer with the index of refraction approximately 1,4 and thickness to 2,5 nm show itself on the second stage from one month of to year. Supposed, this external layer contains the mixture of an unstable oxides and air.
Optical Properties of Ferrite Powders of NixCo1-xFe2O4 System
Authors: Bushkova V.S.
Published: January 2017

The aim of this work was to create and study of ferrite nickel-cobalt powders, using sol-gel technology with participation of auto-combustion. It is studied the optical properties of the powders depending on the degree of substitution of cobalt cations on nickel cations. As a result of analysis of the absorption spectra is revealed that for all investigated powders inherent allowed direct transition of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band.  It was shown that the optical band gap increases with increasing concentration of nickel cations in the composition of ferrites.
Radiant Changes of Porous Structure of Ion-Exchange Sorbents Based on Titanium Phosphate and Zirconium Silicate
Authors: Vasylyeva H. , Tcyba M. , Kylivnyk Yu. , Yakovlev V.
Published: January 2017

The effect of bremsstrahlung gamma rays on the surface parameters of microporous amorphous zirconium silicate and on its ability for sorption is studied. The samples were irradiated using a betatron (electron accelerator) with the maximal energy of the g-quanta of 10 MeV and 24 MeV. The surface characteristics of the sorbents were studied by low-temperature adsorption/desorption of nitrogen. The experimental data were processed by BET, DR, and BJH methods. The results show that under exposure to Bremsstrahlung gamma rays the micropores of the sorbent under investigation are partly transformed in mesopores.
The Current Formation Processes in Lithium Power Sources with SiO2 – C Composite Cathode
Authors: Myronyuk I.F. , Sachko V.M. , Mandzyuk V.I.
Published: January 2017

The current formation process in lithium power source (LPS) with SiO2 –22% C composition cathode is explored in this work using galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy methods. It is set that specific capacity of LPS is 1757 mA∙h/g at its discharge in the mode C/20. Further cycling of LPS is accompanied by a sharp decline in specific capacity (irreversible capacity after the first cycle exceeds 95 %) due to formation of solid electrolyte interface of LiF composition and LiхSiO2 compound, in which lithium is not oxidized to the ion state during charging of source. It is found that the insertion of lithium ions into cathode material to the value x = 1,8 results in reduction of their diffusion coefficient on 4 orders (DLi = 2,2∙10 -14 ÷ 2,1∙10 -18 сm2/s).
Protective Coatings on Steel Tytanoalitovani 40X13
Authors: Khyzhnyak V.G. , Dudka A.I. , Bilyk I.I. , Khyzhnyak O.V. , Arshuk M.V.
Published: January 2017

Past studies on application to the surface of steel 40X13 multi tytanoalitovanyh coatings in containers of consumable shutter using a mixture of powders of titanium, aluminum; titanium hydride; tytanoalituvannya steel 40X13 with pre-deposited TiN layer; tytanoalituvannya pre-nitrided steel among ammonia. The possibility of forming coatings on steel 40X13 involving compounds Ti4Fe2O, FeTiAl, TiN, TiC and transition zone. Established distribution of chemical elements and microhardness thickness diffusion coatings. The maximum microhardness detected for layers Tees - 31,0-34,0 GPa; TiN layers for - 19,5-22,5 GPa; for the zone Ti4Fe2O, FeTiAl - 5,0-7,0 GPa.
Computer Simulation of Gallium Arsenide Super Beta Transistors Heterostructures for High-Speed BIS
Authors: Novosyadlyi S.P. , Huzik V.S.
Published: January 2017

Among the semiconductor in latitude use in microelectronics for digital circuits silicon has been and remains the main material. However, today began intensively implemented circuits based on gallium arsenide. Gallium arsenide circuits of the high charge carrier mobility with a frequency range of operation of reach for chips based on silicon (Si).
Classical Size Effects in Films of n-PbTe
Authors: Ruvinskii M.A. , Dzundza B.S. , Kostyuk O.B.
Published: January 2017

Based on kinetic Boltzmann equation the boundary problem of calculating the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient for a film with a rectangular cross section is solved. Mirror- diffuse mechanism of reflection of the charge carriers from the surfaces of the film is considered. Calculations were performed for different thicknesses nondegenerate semiconductor n-PbTe.

A comparison of theoretical calculations with obtained experimental data for vapor-phase condensates based on PbTe is made.
The Influence of Oxygen Pressure on ZnO:Al Thin Films Properties Grown by Layer by Layer Growth Method at Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Ievtushenko A.I. , Klochkov L.O. , Lytvyn O.S. , Tkach V.M. , Kutsay O.M. , Starik S.P. , Baturin V.A. , Karpenko A.Y. , Dusheyko M.G. , Lashkarev G.V. , Bykov O.I.
Published: January 2017

The influence of oxygen pressure in the deposition chamber on the structure, morphology, optical and electrical properties of aluminum doped ZnO films deposited by a layer by layer growth method in magnetron sputtering on glass substrates was studied. The effect of the application of the traditional one-step approach and our proposed layer by layer growth method in magnetron sputtering on the properties of doped by aluminum ZnO films was analyzed. It is found that with decreasing oxygen pressure in the deposition chamber improves the structure, increases transmittance in the visible spectrum of radiation and decreases resistivity of ZnO:Al films. It is shown that the application of layer by layer growth method in magnetron sputtering allows to grow the transparent conductive ZnO:Al films with higher performance parameters, compared with the films which condensed by traditional approach in magnetron sputtering. The layer by layer growth method allows to grown ZnO:Al films with electrical resistance at 6.1·10-4 Ohm·cm and transmission in the visible light of 95%, which is promising for their aplication in photovoltaic devices.
The Influence of Molecular Weight Hydroxypropylcellulose on Rheological Properties of Aqua-Ethanol-Coal Suspensions
Authors: Dymytriuk T.M. , Savitskyi D.P. , Makarov A.S.
Published: January 2017

The rheological properties of aqua-ethanol-coal of varying degrees coal metamorphism, stabilized by macromolecular surfactants was studied by rotational viscometry. It was found that including of hydroxypropylcellulose as a stabilizer for dispersions of coal and water-ethanol mixtures, increasing their stability. It is shown that with increasing molecular weight of  hydroxypropylcellulose viscosity of disperse systems increases, regardless of the degree of coal metamorphism. With increasing concentrations of the polymer injected more than 0.01 % of coal the viscosity of the systems increases sharply.
POSSIBILITIES OF DE NOVO TRANSCRIPTOME SEQUENCING IN PYLOGENETIC RESEARCH ON AN EXAMPLE OF TARAXACUM OFFICINALE (ASTERACEAE)
Authors: Kutsev M. G. , Skaptsov M. V. , Smirnov S. V. , Sinitsyna T. A. , Kechaykin A. A. , Ivanova M. S. , Shmakov A. I.
Published: January 2017

 

As a result of the research we obtained a cDNA library, sequences and carried out de novo assembly and functional annotation of the transcriptome of systematically complex, almost cosmopolitan Taraxacum officinale. Systematics of the species is complicated because of separation of many microspecies and intraspecific taxa, which may be explained by the presence of ploidy races, the phenomenon of apomixis and significant polymorphism. Attempts of separation of microspecies and closely related species based on sequencing of chloroplast and nuclear DNA fragments, did not give acceptable results. We have made the first attempt to analyze the transcriptome for understanding the genome evolution of agamospermous-sexual complex of the species. A total of 84440 reads were obtained with a total 31,540,710 bp. As a result of the de novo assembly, we obtained 13902 contigs, with an average GC content equal to 38.1% and a maximum length of 5255 bp. In total, we received 3798 annotated genes. According to the functional annotation based on sequence homology, 2687 contigs were attributed to biological processes (19.32%), 3299 – to molecular functions (23.7%), 2157 – to the cellular component (15.51%) and 7497 contigs – with unknown functions. In the first category “single-organism cellular process”, “response to stimulus”, “photosynthesis-light reaction”, “oxidation-reduction” and “translation” have dominated. In the category of molecular function “nucleic acid binding”, “hydrolase activity”, “transferase” and “oxidoreductase” activities have dominated. In the cellular component category “integral component of membrane”, “chloroplast thylakoid membrane”, “photosystems” and “nucleus” have dominated.
ГЕНОТОКСИЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ДОННЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ РЕКИ ЧУМЫШ В КЛЕТКАХ КОРНЕВОЙ МЕРИСТЕМЫ ALLIUM CEPA L.
Authors: Khlebova L. P. , Chernysheva N. N. , Bychkova O. V. , Kraynov A. P.
Published: January 2017

 

Cytogenetic effects of bottom sediments from Chumysh river near Talmenka (Russia, Altai Territory) were studied. It was found that the aqueous extracts of bottom sediments induced a strong cytotoxic effect reducing 1.7 times the mitotic activity in the apical root meristem in Allium cepa test system. The level of pathological mitoses (14.01%) was significantly higher than the background value (0.86%) and indicated the presence of factors with a total mutagenic activity in the bottom sediments of the river. This level is classified as high one. The different types of unequal chromosome segregation were the main violations during cell divisions. Dominance in the spectrum of anomalies metaphase spindle pathologies gave reason to believe about the chemical contamination of bottom sediments from Chumysh river. Stress factors of the sediments activate adaptive mechanisms of cells in test system to preserve their viability and reliability of the transmission of genetic information to future cell generations. The adaptive mechanisms are micronucleus and polyploidy cell formations.
REDESCRIPTION AND NEW DATA ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF A POORLY KNOWN PIRATE SPIDER ERMETUS INOPINABILIS (ARANEI: MIMETIDAE)
Authors: Marusik Yuri M. , Fomichev Alexander A. , Koponen Seppo
Published: January 2017

A poorly known species of pirate spider belonging to a monotypic genus, Ermetus inopinabilis Ponomarev, 2008, is redescribed in details based on types and other material. Digital photographs and SEM micrographs are provided to illustrate its specific features. The species and genus are reported for the first time from Altai and Tuva.

 
АКТИВНІСТЬ ФЕРМЕНТІВ У ГЕПАТОПАНКРЕАСІ КОРОПА (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.) ЗА ДІЇ СУЛЬФАНІЛАМІДУ
Authors: Kurbatova Y. N. , Mykhalskaia V. M. , Malyuga L. V. , Gayova L. V.
Published: January 2017

 

The results of studies of the effect of different concentrations of sulfonamides in the aquarium water on the activity of enzymes and protein metabolism in the hepatopancreas of carp yearlings were presented. It was found that the sulfanilamide added to the aquarium water at a concentration of 1.10; 3.15 and 6.30 mg / dm3 and 3 had no effect on the total protein content in the fish hepatopancreas during three days of exposure at first, second and third experimental groups compared with the control. It is proved that when the concentration of water in the aquarium sulfanilamide at a dose of 1.10 and 3.15 mg / dm3 in the hepatopancreas urea content compared with the control is not changed, while a dose of 6,30 mg / dm3 it had increased by 4%. Probably, such an increase in urea levels in the hepatopancreas of fish third test group associated with the activation of regulatory mechanisms in the body of carp to maintain a positive nitrogen balance and reduce the toxic effects of ammonia. We also did not reveal significant difference between the indices of glucose concentration in the hepatopancreas of carp experimental groups compared with the control. We founded that the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in hepatopancreas of carp experimental groups did not differ from controls, suggesting there was no effect of low concentrations of sulfonamides in the water after brief operation of the xenobiotic on the functional state of the hepatopancreas. Conducted experiments did not revealed changes in lipase activity as α-amylase and fish hepatopancreas in first, second and third experimental groups compared with the control. Their activity remained within the normal characteristic of the species and indicates that sulfanilamide virtually had no effect on the intensity of the hydrolytic processes in the intestines of fish. The performed investigations proved that carp yearlings were capable of adapting to minor concentrations of sulfonamides in water, as evidenced by its lack of effect on the total protein content, the concentration of glucose, urea and the activity of several enzymes in the hepatopancreas of fish.
ЦИАНОПРОКАРИОТЫ УРОЧИЩА ТУБAЛЬСКИЙ ЛИМАН
Authors: Arabadzhi L. I. , Solonenko A. M. , Bren O. G. , Holubev M. I.
Published: January 2017

Information about species composition of Cyanoprocaryota representatives in the natural boundary of Tubalskyi Estuary within Pryazov National Natural Park is supplemented. Taxonomic structure of identified algae species is given, the data about occurrence of species in different habitats within national park is provided. We present a systematic structure and geographical affinity of discovered algae species. We registered 38 species of cyanoprocaryotic algae of orders: Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Nostocales with predominance of Oscillatoriales representatives in different habitats of Tubalskyi Estuary within the areas of Pryazov National Natural Park. The greatest number of algae species had genera Lyngbya, Phormidium, Microcoleus Leptolyngbya – 4 species per each genera. The majority of algae species were the cosmopolitans. Microcoleus tenerrimus was registered in all the studied plots of soil sampling and in the water reservoir of Tubalskyi Estuary. The most abundant and distributed species was Lyngbya aestuarii, which formed the macroscopic growths (cyanobacterial mats).