bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of mobile phone addiction on bedtime procrastination in university students: the masking effect of physical activity and anxiety
Authors: Meng Shuqiao , Zhang Yu , Tang Lingling , Zhang Meng , Tang Wenjing , Onyebuchi Nzubechi , Han Yahui , Han Shanshan , Li Bo , Tong Wenxia , Ge Xiaoyu
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Good sleep is one of the necessary conditions to ensure the normal performance of the physiological and psychological functions of college students. This study aimed to explore the relationship between mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination among Chinese college students and the mediating mechanisms of physical exercise and anxiety between the two, with a view to seek ways to prevent and intervene in college students’ sleep procrastination and improve their sleep quality.

Methods

Using SPSS 29.0 analysis with Bootstrap’s method, 3,800 first-year students, sophomores, and juniors were given the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, Bedtime Procrastination Scale, Physical Activity Scale, and Anxiety Scale. The results of the analyses included mediation tests and effect analyses of anxiety and physical activity.

Results

The correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination (r = 0.149, p < 0.01) as well as anxiety (r = 0.497, p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between mobile phone addiction and physical activity (r = -0.447, p < 0.01). Physical activity was also found to have significant negative correlations with anxiety (r = -0.506, p < 0.01) and bedtime procrastination (r = -0.424, p < 0.01). Furthermore, anxiety showed a significant positive correlation with bedtime procrastination (r = 0.334, p < 0.01). Physical activity and anxiety acted as substantial mediators between mobile phone addiction and nighttime procrastination. Both mediators had considerable masking effects, with the mediating effect amounting to 50.3% and 25.1%, respectively. Physical exercise and anxiety played a chain mediating role between mobile phone addiction and bedtime procrastination, and the masking effect was also significant, with a mediating effect size of 13.4%.

Conclusions

This study reveals the special characteristics of the influencing factors and pathways of bedtime procrastination in this group of college students, providing targeted evidence for the prevention and intervention of bedtime procrastination in college students. It also has an important reference value for the effects of exercise and comprehensive intervention to improve bedtime procrastination and enhance the quality of sleep in college students.
Larotrectinib efficacy for liver metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma patient harboring SQSTM1–NTRK1 fusion
Authors: Yamazaki Haruhiko , Sugimori Makoto , Saito Aya
Published: July 2024

Background

Pooled data analysis from three phase I/II larotrectinib clinical trials revealed that larotrectinib demonstrated rapid and durable disease control and a favorable safety profile for patients with neurotrophic-tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion positive thyroid carcinoma. Herein, we report the case of a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and liver metastases who demonstrated a durable response to treatment with larotrectinib.

Case presentation

A 50-year-old female with PTC was referred to our hospital for postoperative observation. Computed tomography (CT) scan was performed to screen for distant metastasis, since thyroglobulin concentration increased gradually, and revealed multiple distant metastases, including multiple liver metastases. Radioactive iodine was administered at a dose of 100 mCi. However, uptake was observed only in the thyroid bed, and distant metastases had no avidity. As liver metastases progressed, lenvatinib (24 mg/day) was initiated after confirmation of liver metastases by liver biopsy 9 years and 1 month after the initial referral to our hospital. Since the multiple metastases became refractory for lenvatinib, the OncoGuide™ NCC Oncopanel System was performed, and the SQSTM1–NTRK1 gene fusion was confirmed. Larotrectinib was subsequently administered at a dose of 200 mg/day. The CT before the initiation of larotrectinib showed multiple liver metastases with a maximum diameter of 48 mm. The first CT evaluation at 1 month after the initiation of larotrectinib treatment showed that the tumor volume was reduced by 28% in the RECIST 1.1 criteria. After 3 months of larotrectinib treatment, a 38% reduction in the tumor volume was achieved as the best clinical response. The only side effect was grade 1 myalgia. At 12 months after the initiation of larotrectinib treatment, none of the lesions had progressed.

Conclusions

In conclusion, larotrectinib demonstrated effective antitumor activity against liver metastases of PTC, a relatively rare site of distant metastasis. Furthermore, the efficacy of larotrectinib was maintained, even though the patient had a history of multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment and a relatively infrequent fusion gene, SQSTM1–NTRK1.
Improving quality through simulation; developing guidance to design simulation interventions following key events in healthcare
Authors: Diaz-Navarro Cristina , Jones Bridie , Pugh Gethin , Moneypenny Michael , Lazarovici Marc , Grant David J.
Published: July 2024

Simulation educators are often requested to provide multidisciplinary and/or interprofessional simulation training in response to critical incidents. Current perspectives on patient safety focus on learning from failure, success and everyday variation. An international collaboration has led to the development of an accessible and practical framework to guide the implementation of appropriate simulation-based responses to clinical events, integrating quality improvement, simulation and patient safety methodologies to design appropriate and impactful responses. In this article, we describe a novel five-step approach to planning simulation-based interventions after any events that might prompt simulation-based learning in healthcare environments. This approach guides teams to identify pertinent events in healthcare, involve relevant stakeholders, agree on appropriate change interventions, elicit how simulation can contribute to them and share the learning without aggravating the second victim phenomenon. The framework is underpinned by Deming’s System of Profound Knowledge, the Model for Improvement and translational simulation. It aligns with contemporary socio-technical models in healthcare, by emphasising the role of clinical teams in designing adaptation and change for improvement, as well as encouraging collaborations to enhance patient safety in healthcare. For teams to achieve this adaptive capacity that realises organisational goals of continuous learning and improvement requires the breaking down of historical silos through the creation of an infrastructure that formalises relationships between service delivery, safety management, quality improvement and education. This creates opportunities to learn by design, rather than chance, whilst striving to close gaps between work as imagined and work as done.
Spanish translation of the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation
Authors: Van Pelt Amelia E. , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Sanchez Amanda , Sila Stephanie , Lowenthal Elizabeth D. , Powell Byron J. , Beidas Rinad S.
Published: July 2024

Background

Most implementation science resources (e.g., taxonomies) are published in English. Linguistic inaccessibility creates a barrier to the conduct of implementation research among non-English-speaking populations, so translation of resources is needed. Translation into Spanish can facilitate widespread reach, given the large proportion of Spanish speakers around the world. This research aimed to systematically translate the Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC) compilation into Spanish as an exemplar for the linguistic translation process.

Methods

Using the World Health Organization guidelines, this work translated the ERIC compilation strategy names, short definitions, and thematic clusters through a three-step process: 1) forward translation into Spanish by a native Spanish-speaking implementation scientist, 2) back-translation into English by a bilingual global health researcher, and 3) piloting via virtual focus group discussions with bilingual researchers not conducting implementation research. To achieve a generalizable translation, recruitment targeted a multicultural group of Spanish-speaking researchers. At the conclusion of each step, the transdisciplinary research team (N = 7) met to discuss discrepancies and refine translations. The Spanish version of the ERIC compilation was finalized through group consensus. Reflections from research team meetings and focus group discussions were synthesized qualitatively.

Results

Given that dialectical nuances exist between Spanish-speaking regions, efforts prioritized universally accepted terminology. Team discussions focused on difficult translations, word choice, and clarity of concepts. Seven researchers participated in two focus groups, where discussion surrounded clarity of concepts, alternative word choice for Spanish translations, linguistic formality, grammar, and conciseness. Translation difficulties highlighted lack of precision in implementation science terminology, and the lack of conceptual clarity of words underscored limitations in the application of the compilation.

Conclusions

The work demonstrated the feasibility of translating implementation science resources. As one of the first systematic efforts to translate implementation resources, this study can serve as a model for additional efforts, including translation into other languages and the expansion to conceptual modifications. Further, this work yielded insights into the need to provide conceptual clarity in implementation science terminology. Importantly, the development of Spanish resources will increase access to conduct implementation research among Spanish-speaking populations.
Myoelectrical activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle in smartphone-addicted versus non-addicted individuals
Authors: Elhafez Haytham M. , Mohammed Huda Adel , Ali Ebtesam A
Published: July 2024

Background

Over the past decade, smartphone users have substantially increased, raising concerns about potential musculoskeletal problems associated with long-term use. Prolonged smartphone usage may cause discomfort in the thumb, shoulder, and neck that can be exacerbated over time, thereby affecting the electrical activity of several muscles, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). Accordingly, we aimed to examine the impact of smartphone addiction on the myoelectric activity of the SCM.

Design and method

Forty-four smartphone users, both male and female, aged 18–30 years, were recruited from the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, in this observational study. The participants were equally allocated into two groups, A and B, based on their Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) scores. Group A consisted of smartphone-non-addicted users who scored below 31 for males and 33 for females, whereas group B included smartphone-addicted users who scored over 31 for men and 33 for females. Additionally, the electromyography (EMG) device was used to monitor the electrical activity during rest and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC).

Results

The results showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the electrical activity of the left and right SCMs between the two groups at rest but a nonsignificant difference during MVC.

Conclusion

Smartphone addiction significantly impacts the myoelectric activity of the SCM at rest among young adult smartphone users, but this impact is not significant during MVC.
Carbon footprint in trauma surgery, is there a way to reduce it?
Authors: Lockhorst Elize W. , Schormans Philip M. J. , Berende Cornelis A. S. , van Hensbroek Pieter Boele , Vos Dagmar I.
Published: July 2024

Background

Inhaled anaesthetic agents like sevoflurane contribute for approximately 5% to healthcare’s carbon footprint. Previous studies suggested that the use of these agents should be minimized. Although multiple trauma surgeries can be performed under regional anaesthesia, most are performed under general anaesthesia. This study aims to evaluate the environmental benefits of using regional anaesthesia over general anaesthesia and to compare the associated complication rates.

Methods

This retrospective study included all trauma patients (≥ 18 years) who underwent surgical intervention for hand, wrist, hip, or ankle fractures from 2017 to 2021. The hypothetical environmental gain was calculated based on the assumption that all surgeries were performed under regional anaesthesia. Complication rates were compared between regional and general anaesthesia.

Results

Of the 2,714 surgeries, 15% were hand, 26% wrist, 36% hip, and 23% ankle fractures. General anaesthesia was used in 95%, regional in 5%. Switching this 95% to regional anaesthesia would reduce the sevoflurane use by 92 k, comparable to driving 406,553 km by car. The complication rate was higher with general anaesthesia compared to regional (7.7% vs 6.9%, p = 0.75).

Conclusion

The potential gain of the reduction of sevoflurane in trauma surgeries which can be performed under regional anaesthesia can be significant.
Framework for Considering Primary and Subspecialty Palliative Care and Guiding Serious Illness Communication for Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Dow Lindsay A. , Kapo Jennifer , Boyle Frances , Shin Jennifer A.
Published: July 2024

Palliative care is a comprehensive approach aimed at enhancing the quality of life of patients and their families living with serious illnesses such as breast cancer. This approach includes assessing and managing pain and other physical symptoms, attending to psychosocial and spiritual aspects of care, fostering effective communication and decision making, and providing support in coordinating care that upholds a person's values and preferences from the time of diagnosis throughout the illness trajectory. This type of care can be provided by palliative care specialists (ideally an interprofessional team) working alongside the oncology team, referred to as subspecialty palliative care. Conversely, the fundamental aspects of this approach, which we sometimes call primary palliative care, are provided by all clinicians caring for patients with breast cancer. Given that access to subspecialty palliative care can vary globally, especially in rural and resource-constrained settings, it is imperative for all oncology clinicians to receive training in the core components of palliative care. This study aims to provide a basic framework to recognize what the core primary palliative care skills are in routine oncology practice, to delineate basic serious illness communication strategies, and to introduce when to consider the integration of subspecialty palliative care into the care of patients with breast cancer.
Pleiotropic Effects of an eQTL in the CELSR2/PSRC1/SORT1 Cluster That Associates With LDL-C and Resting Metabolic Rate
Authors: Bandesh Khushdeep , Freeland Kendrick , Traurig Michael , Hanson Robert L , Bogardus Clifton , Piaggi Paolo , Baier Leslie J
Published: July 2024

Context

The locus CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1, a primary genetic signal for lipids, has recently been implicated in different metabolic processes. Our investigation identified its association with energy metabolism.

Objective

This work aimed to determine biological mechanisms that govern diverse functions of this locus.

Methods

Genotypes for 491 265 variants in 7000 clinically characterized American Indians were previously determined using a custom-designed array specific for this longitudinally studied American Indian population. Among the genotyped individuals, 5205 had measures of fasting lipid levels and 509 had measures of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate oxidation rate assessed through indirect calorimetry. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels identified a variant in CELSR2, and the molecular effect of this variant on gene expression was assessed in skeletal muscle biopsies from 207 participants, followed by functional validation in mouse myoblasts using a luciferase assay.

Results

A GWAS in American Indians identified rs12740374 in CELSR2 as the top signal for LDL-C levels (P = 1 × 10−22); further analysis of this variant identified an unexpected correlation with reduced RMR (effect = −44.3 kcal/day/minor-allele) and carbohydrate oxidation rate (effect = −5.21 mg/hour/kg-EMBS). Tagged variants showed a distinct linkage disequilibrium architecture in American Indians, highlighting a potential functional variant, rs6670347 (minor-allele frequency = 0.20). Positioned in the glucocorticoid receptor's core binding motif, rs6670347 is part of a skeletal muscle-specific enhancer. Human skeletal muscle transcriptome analysis showed CELSR2 as the most differentially expressed gene (P = 1.9 × 10−7), with the RMR-lowering minor allele elevating gene expression. Experiments in mouse myoblasts confirmed enhancer-based regulation of CELSR2 expression, dependent on glucocorticoids. Rs6670347 was also associated with increased oxidative phosphorylation gene expression; CELSR2, as a regulator of these genes, suggests a potential influence on energy metabolism through muscle oxidative capacity.

Conclusion

Variants in the CELSR2/PSRC1/SORT1 locus exhibit tissue-specific effects on metabolic traits, with an independent role in muscle metabolism through glucocorticoid signaling.
Negotiating Work and Family Spheres: The Dyadic Effects of Flexible Work Arrangements on Fertility Among Dual-Earner Heterosexual Couples
Authors: Wang Senhu , Tan Jolene
Published: July 2024

Academics and policymakers have suggested making flexible work arrangements (FWAs) the default in workplaces to promote a family-friendly workplace culture conducive to having and raising children. However, systematic research investigating how FWAs, as a long-term approach to negotiating work–family spheres, are related to fertility among dual-earner heterosexual couples is limited. Drawing on the linked-lives perspective, we theorize the relationship between FWAs and fertility among couples and potential variation depending on the interplay of both spouses’ work and family characteristics. We test our hypotheses using longitudinal couple-level dyadic data in the United Kingdom (2010–2022). We find that although FWA availability alone is unrelated to fertility, wives’ (not husbands’) FWA use is significantly associated with a higher probability of experiencing a first birth. Moreover, the effect of wives’ FWA use is particularly pronounced when both spouses work in professional and managerial occupations and when husbands contribute a larger proportion of income and at least equal housework. This study reveals a gendered effect of FWAs on fertility across work–family arrangements, deepening our understanding of couple-level dynamics in the fertility process.
The increase of International Audiovisual Productions in Greece - Impact on Tourism and the Greek Economy
Authors: Zenelis Petros , Vasileiou Magdalini
Published: July 2024

In this paper is being examined the growth of international audiovisual productions being partially or entirely developed in Greece and the central role of the Greek public authorities in assisting this tourism-generating industry grow even more. This study tries to pinpoint the most common impediments that the audiovisual media industry confronts when deciding to select Greece as the location for an audiovisual project. Sustainable practices that are proposed aim to further attract and develop analogous initiatives in the Greek territory. Some of the most important benefits of the realization of such projects for the local communities are pointed out such as the increase in income, the creation of new jobs and the general boost of the local economy. The impact of audiovisual productions on tourism is also related to the "film effect" and the contributory role of audiovisual productions to promote a location’s attractions. This paper focuses on the international audiovisual productions industry’s expansion with an emphasis on the positive effects that the cultural-economic audiovisual productions have in strengthening both local economies and the Greek audiovisual sector.
The Use of Animation and Augmented Reality in Teaching Computer Programming
Authors: Margaritis Georgios , Σιάκας Σπύρος
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the main difficulties in learning computer programming faced by primary and secondary education students and examines whether Augmented Reality (AR) and animation can contribute to more effective teaching of this subject. The benefits of AR and animation in learning programming are presented and analyzed, and an overview of related applications developed in recent years is provided, as evidenced by the literature. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and suggestions for future research in this specific field are made.
Ψηφιακό φροντιστήριο ως πλαίσιο συμπληρωματικής εξ αποστάσεως ενισχυτικής διδασκαλίας: Επισκόπηση πρακτικών αξιοποίησης εκπαιδευτικών βίντεο σε Ελλάδα και εξωτερικό
Authors: Σοφός Αλιβίζος (Λοΐζος) , Γιασιράνης Στέφανος , Κανύχης Παναγιώτης , Σπύρου Σπύρος
Published: July 2024

Τα ψηφιακά φροντιστήρια αποτελούν μορφές συμπληρωματικής εξ αποστάσεως ενισχυτικής διδασκαλίας για μαθητές όλων των ηλικιών που χρειάζονται βοήθεια για να κατανοήσουν πλήρως την ύλη των μαθημάτων τους. Κυρίαρχο μέσο παρουσίασης της ύλης, τα τελευταία χρόνια, αποτελούν τα εκπαιδευτικά βίντεο. Με αφορμή την εξαγγελία του Υπουργείου Παιδείας της χώρας μας για τη δημιουργία Ψηφιακού Φροντιστηρίου που θα παρέχει εκπαιδευτικό υλικό που θα αποτελείται από σύντομα σε διάρκεια βίντεο, πραγματοποιήσαμε σχετική έρευνα για τον εντοπισμό παρόμοιων παραδειγμάτων από την Ελλάδα και το εξωτερικό. Εντοπίστηκαν συνολικά 22 περιπτώσεις παροχής online υποστηρικτικής/ενισχυτικής διδασκαλίας με χρήση βίντεο. Στο παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζονται οι περιπτώσεις εκείνες που έχουν να επιδείξουν κάποια καινοτομία σε σχέση με τις υπόλοιπες. Στο τέλος του άρθρου παραθέτουμε τη δική μας άποψη για το τι πρέπει να περιλαμβάνει, ως προς το εκπαιδευτικό της υλικό και τα χαρακτηριστικά της μια online πλατφόρμα υποστηρικτικής/ενισχυτικής διδασκαλίας για να είναι αποτελεσματική.
Φόβος και ρητορική στο έργο του Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Τσιρίγκας Σπυρίδων
Published: July 2024

Στην παρούσα εργασία, προσπαθώ να παρουσιάσω όσο πιο απλά μπορώ την ερευνητική αξία της ρητορικής τέχνης που δίδασκαν οι Λατίνοι ρήτορες της Ρωμαϊκής αρχαιότητας, αλλά και οι ουμανιστές επίγονοι τους κατά τον 16ο και 17ο αιώνα. Μου φαίνεται ότι πρόκειται για μία τέχνη η οποία είναι ακόμα και σήμερα πολύ επίκαιρη και, θα έλεγα ότι πρόκειται για μία τέχνη που επισημαίνει ότι ο έντιμος πολίτης, δηλαδή αυτός ο οποίος δεν γνωρίζει πως να λέει ψέματα, πως να λειαίνει τον λόγο του, πως μπορεί να χρησιμοποιήσει ορισμένους τρόπους και ορισμένα σχήματα του λόγου προκειμένου να κάνει τους άλλους να θυμώσουν, να μισήσουν, να γελάσουν ή και να τους κάνει να ντραπούν, είναι και ο πιο επικίνδυνος πολίτης. Υπό την έννοια ότι ο οποιοσδήποτε εύγλωττος άνθρωπος θα είναι πάντα σε θέση να τον βάλει να δει τα πράγματα μονάχα από μία οπτική γωνία. Και αυτό, μου φαίνεται επικίνδυνο. Γι’ αυτόν τον κίνδυνο θέλησα να μιλήσω, σ’ αυτή τη διατριβή. Στη διατριβή αυτή, εξετάζω επίσης τα έργα των Niccolò Machiavelli και Thomas Hobbes κατ’ αντιπαραβολή με τα ρητορικά εγχειρίδια που γνωρίζουμε ότι οι δύο αυτοί στοχαστές διάβαζαν – δηλαδή, εξετάζω αυτά τα έργα κατ’ αντιπαραβολή με τα ρητορικά εγχειρίδια του Κικέρωνα, του αγνώστου συγγραφέα του Ad Herennium και του ρήτορα Κοϊντιλιανού. Νομίζω ότι θα πάρουμε μία εντελώς διαφορετική εικόνα του Machiavelli και του Hobbes αν δούμε αυτά τα έργα τους ως προϊόντα μίας εποχής παλιάς και ξεχασμένης – μίας εποχής κατά την οποία έρευνα χωρίς ρητορική τέχνη, ήταν ίσως πράγμα αδιανόητο.
Η διάκριση γεγονότων - αξιών και η αντικειμενικότητα της επιστήμης
Authors: Αντιόχου Κωνσταντίνα
Published: July 2024

Η παρούσα μελέτη επικεντρώνεται στο πρόβλημα της αντικειμενικότητας της επιστημονικής γνώσης, και ειδικότερα στον τρόπο με τον οποίο συγκροτείται – επιστημονικά – η έννοια του γεγονότος από τα μέσα του 19ου αιώνα και έπειτα, όταν με την ανάπτυξη των μη ευκλείδειων γεωμετριών και τη σταδιακή επικράτηση του ατομισμού στη Χημεία αρχίζει να αποδομείται το νευτώνειο πλαίσιο κατανόησης του κόσμου. Το ερώτημα που τίθεται είναι εάν και πώς επιχειρείται πλέον στη φιλοσοφία της επιστήμης η διάκριση γεγονότων – αξιών. Η έννοια της αντικειμενικότητας συνδέεται, δηλαδή, εδώ άρρηκτα – χωρίς όμως και να ταυτίζεται – με εκείνην της αξιολογικής ελευθερίας της επιστήμης. Και με γνώμονα το βασικό αυτό ερώτημα, παρουσιάζεται η συζήτηση που διεξάγεται γύρω από το πρόβλημα της αντικειμενικότητας της επιστήμης μέχρι σήμερα. Διακρίνονται τρεις κυρίως σταθμοί – στον ιστορικό άξονα – αυτής της συζήτησης: α) η συμβασιοκρατική αντίληψη των Henri Poincaré και Pierre Duhem του 19ου αιώνα, β) το πρόβλημα της εμπειρικής θεμελίωσης της γνώσης, όπως αποτύπωνεται στο έργο του Carnap και τέλος, γ) η ιστοριστική στροφή που συντελείται από την δεκαετία του εξήντα και μετά, με την κριτική του Kuhn και τον κανονιστικό νατουραλισμό του Laudan. Τότε συγκροτούνται τα επιχειρήματα που θα κυριαρχήσουν στη φιλοσοφική διαμάχη σχετικά με τον ρόλο των αξιών στη συγκρότηση της επιστημονικής γνώσης κατά τα χρόνια που θα ακολουθήσουν, όπως υποστηρίζεται, ενώ πιο συστηματικά εξετάζεται η εξέλιξη αυτής της συζήτησης, όπως διεξάγεται σήμερα, ανάμεσα σε όσους απορρίπτουν το ιδεώδες της αξιολογικής ελευθερίας της επιστήμης και όσους εξακολουθούν να το υποστηρίζουν. Συζητείται το πρόβλημα του υποπροσδιορισμού των επιστημονικών θεωριών από τα δεδομένα. Παρουσιάζεται, επίσης, η συζήτηση που έχει ξεκινήσει για τον «επαγωγικό κίνδυνο» ή τον κίνδυνο του σφάλματος τον οποίο ενέχει η αποδοχή ή η απόρριψη μιας επιστημονικής πρότασης, όπως και για το πρόβλημα της διάκρισης μεταξύ των επιστημικών και μη επιστημικών αξιών και τη γλώσσα (ή την πυκνότητα των εννοιών) της επιστήμης. Παρατηρείται όμως και μια σύγχυση στο επίπεδο των σημασιών ή της γλώσσας που χρησιμοποιούν όσοι εμπλέκονται σε αυτή τη διαμάχη σήμερα, που καθιστά συχνά ασαφείς τις μεταξύ τους διαφορές. Αυτό επιβεβαιώνεται και από τα εναλλακτικά ιδεώδη τα οποία προτείνουν: στην πραγματικότητα δεν είναι αντίθετα ή ανταγωνιστικά προς το ιδεώδες της αξιολογικής ελευθερίας, αλλά κάποιες προεκτάσεις αυτού – ή συμπληρωματικά κυρίως ιδεώδη. H αντικειμενικότητα της επιστήμης φαίνεται τελικά να θεμελιώνεται σε μια διπλή ή συνδυαστική δικαιολόγηση τεκμηρίων και αξιών, η οποία όμως προϋποθέτει την διάκριση μεταξύ επιστημικών και κοινωνικών αξιών.
Clean innovation ecosystems: Lifting distressed communities in Appalachia with clean energy
Authors: Paolillo William , Cross Benjamin , Zelek Charles , Wingate Donald , Berkebile Adam
Published: July 2024

The U.S. government has invested in distressed communities in the 21st century but with minimal effect. Regarding income, poverty, joblessness, and vacancy rates, the average distressed zip code in 2018 showed no improvement compared to its standing relative to the average prosperous zip code in 2000. We have discovered the formation of unique business clusters funded by public-private partnerships have the potential to make a difference in lifting distressed communities. Our research of literature and artifacts (photographs, videos, documents, digital media - websites or social media posts) suggests the discovery of a Clean Innovation Ecosystem (CIE). CIE refers to the network of social entrepreneurs, organizations, institutions, and individuals that work together to promote sustainable technologies and practices. As of the 4th quarter of 2023, manufacturing annual run rate construction spending has skyrocketed to over $200 billion. There are another $600 billion of Voltage Valley projects announced that have not yet been built. Over the past two decades, private investment has been between $20 billion and $100 billion annually in U.S. manufacturing infrastructure. Governments are making unprecedented investments in clean energy - which include approximately $400 billion in funding from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), $8 billion to establish 6–10 regional Hydrogen Hubs in the U.S., investments in carbon capture, renewable energy technologies, and other investments in clean energy sectors and technologies. All these investments come with the condition that the investment lifts distressed communities. This article explains why investing in Appalachia and geographic regions with similar characteristics will maximize the social benefit of public investment in a Clean Innovation Ecosystem. Our case study covers the Greater Central Appalachian Voltage Valley (GCAVV) – the states of Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, Upstate New York, and Michigan, as well as the Central Appalachian region as defined by 56 of the 85 distressed communities of Appalachia.
Selfies, narcissism and oral health a cross - sectional study among adolescents and young adults in Mangaluru - India.
Authors: Prabhu Preeti , Pai Mithun , Yellapurkar Shweta , Natarajan Srikant , Mahuli Amit Vasant
Published: July 2024

Background Selfies have been defined as “a photograph that one has taken of oneself, and are a continuing growing trend among Millennials. Narcissism refers to the personality trait of an extraordinary self-awareness and adoration. Studies have shown a close relationship between selfie-taking behaviour, narcissism and oral health. Hence, a study was conducted with aim of the influence of selfie-taking behavior and narcissism on oral health. Methods An analytical cross-sectional questionnaire study was designed using relevant literature for collating information on sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of dental visits, selfie-taking behavior and perceived oral health. Oral health examination was performed to assess decay and plaque. Narcissism was assessed using The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory Short Form Results The study included a sample of 163 participants. The associations between selfies taken per day and perceived oral health was statistically significant (p value 0.047*). Binary logistic regression models were constructed, which were significant for perceived oral health and grandiose fantasy. Plaque Scores showed significant corelations between indifference, manipulativeness, thrill seeking and age. Step forward binary regression demonstrated a significant odds ratio for grandiose narcissism followed by selfie-taking behavior Conclusion This study revealed a correlation between perceived oral health and selfie-taking behaviour. Further studies are required to assess selfie-taking behaviour and oral health.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia secondary to chronic steroid use: An uncommon cause of pneumocystis pneumonia
Authors: Pandey Mandvi , Sivakumar Nithila , Aashish Anunaya , Modi Dhruvangkumar
Published: July 2024

Patients on long-term immunosuppression, including corticosteroids or immunomodulatory drugs, are susceptible to opportunistic infections, such as like Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). Corticosteroid use can increase the frequency of fungal infection, mask symptoms, and delay the diagnosis, and thus warrant preventive measures. Maintaining a high index of suspicion is important, and prophylactic antibiotics, particularly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, should be considered for high-risk patients. This case underscores the diagnosis of PJP in a patient with interstitial lung disease receiving prolonged steroid therapy, despite lacking HIV and conventional risk factors for this infection. Notably, PJP can present as a more severe infection in non-HIV patients, leading to higher mortality rates and stressing the need for swift and effective diagnosis and treatment by healthcare providers.
Keywords: Pneumocystis jirovecii; pneumonia; chronic corticosteroid treatment use; fungal pneumonia; interstitial lung disease
Diabetic ketoacidosis resolution: From the traditional way to guideline-based management in the MICU at University Medical Center, Lubbock, Texas
Authors: Motes Arunee , Singh Tushi , Vinan Vega Myrian , Vangipuram-Wyatt Divya , Mathew Joscilin , Nugent Kenneth
Published: July 2024

Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which eventually can cause serious organ damage. The prevalence of diabetes has steadily increased over the past few decades, and approximately 1.4 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes every year. Diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the United States in 2019. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that can be life-threatening. It occurs more frequently in the patients with type 1 diabetes but can also develop in people with type 2 diabetes. It was determined that the average cost per DKA episode was $6,444, and that the annual cost of medical treatment in a diabetic patient with a prior episode of DKA was 2.67 times higher than a diabetic patient with no history of DKA. The criteria for DKA resolution at University Medical Center (UMC) in Lubbock, Texas, are different from current American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. At UMC, a plasma bicarbonate ≥18 mEq/L, a venous pH > 7.3, and anion gap ≤12 mEq/L must be recorded twice (4 hours apart) before bridging to subcutaneous long-acting insulin administration. This time requirement could contribute to a longer time for DKA resolution and longer intensive care unit and hospital stays.Keywords: Diabetic ketoacidosis, DKA resolution
Metaverse Fashion Week de Decentraland. La sublimación de la moda en metaversos.
Authors: Martín Ramallal Pablo , Ruiz-Mondaza Mercedes , Bertola-Garbellini Andrea
Published: July 2024

La moda es un sector clave del tejido económico y cultural. El covid-19 sirvió de estímulo para la aparición de vanguardistas soluciones tecnológicas. En este contexto, cobran visibilidad los mundos virtuales, entornos digitales que replican el ámbito real. Se fija como objetivo observar la recepción de estos espacios inmersivos como formas de comunicar y hacer moda entre alumnos/as y profesores/as de Diseño de Moda y de Diseño Gráfico de diversos centros de estudio superiores, así como por profesionales del sector. El escalafón final se halla en el concepto abstracto del metaverso, lugares donde algunos ven el futuro de la moda e Internet. Se realiza un estudio de caso apoyado en una revisión bibliográfica y en un cuestionario Likert contestado por 116 personas jóvenes relacionadas directamente con el sector de la moda. Se estudia la Metaverse Fashion Week (Decentraland), evento pionero y paradigmático donde diversas firmas se reúnen para superar barreras espaciales y abordar una dimensión que implica la aparición de un mercado basado en lo virtual. Los resultados apuntan a que dichas narrativas han llegado a un punto suficiente de madurez y que su acogida será favorable entre el público especializado a medio plazo.
Del reverso del vacío: expresiones autobiográficas de la memoria «negra» cubana contemporánea
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Reinier
Published: July 2024

Enmarcado en los estudios autobiográficos y narratológicos, este libro es un novedoso aporte a la historia cultural y literaria de Cuba, el Caribe y las Américas, porque estudia las diversas expre- siones de la memoria negra —entre conflictos, resistencias, racismos y traumas— en las historias de vida de relevantes figuras artísticas e intelectuales cubanas contemporáneas: Nicolás Guillén, Elvira Cervera, Georgina Herrera, Lourdes Casal, Sara Gómez, Carlos Moore, Pedro Pérez Sarduy y Carlos Acosta. En sus páginas se aborda además la recepción crítica cubana de lo auto- biográfico y se reflexiona sobre los presupuestos de la autobiografía, las memorias, el testimonio y la heterobiografía. También brinda un panorama histórico de la tradición autobiográfica de Cuba, su génesis y evolución, desde el siglo XIX hasta principios del XXI. Como colofón, ofrece un valioso y útil registro bibliográfico de las escrituras y narrativas de vida producidas por cubanos afrodescendientes.
Asymmetric Impact of Matching Technology on Influencer Marketing: Implications for Platform Revenue
Authors: Liu Jessie , Liu Yi
Published: July 2024

This paper examines how AI-driven matching technology impacts influencer competition and platform profitability, revealing nuanced effects on campaign pricing and platform revenue.
Information Ambiguity, Market Institutions, and Asset Prices: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Bao Te , Duffy John , Zhu Jiahua
Published: July 2024

We explore how information ambiguity and traders’ attitudes toward such ambiguity affect expectations and asset prices under three different market institutions. Specifically, we test a theoretical prediction that information ambiguity will lead market prices to overreact to bad news and underreact to good news. We find that such an asymmetric reaction exists and is strongest in individual prediction markets. It occurs to a lesser extent in single price call markets. It is weakest of all in double auction markets, in which buyers’ asymmetric reaction to good/bad news is cancelled out by the opposite asymmetric reaction of sellers.

This paper was accepted by Camelia Kuhnen, finance.

Funding: Financial support from a Tier 1 Grant from MOE of Singapore [Grant RG 69/19], NTU-WeBank JRC [Grant NWJ-2020-003], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72303170, 72141304], and the National Key Research and Development Program of China [Grant 2022YFC3303304] is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01223 .
Physician Adoption of AI Assistant
Authors: Hou Ting , Li Meng , Tan Yinliang (Ricky) , Zhao Huazhong
Published: July 2024

Problem definition: Artificial intelligence (AI) assistants—software agents that can perform tasks or services for individuals—are among the most promising AI applications. However, little is known about the adoption of AI assistants by service providers (i.e., physicians) in a real-world healthcare setting. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the AI smartness (i.e., whether the AI assistant is powered by machine learning intelligence) and the impact of AI transparency (i.e., whether physicians are informed of the AI assistant). Methodology/results: We collaborate with a leading healthcare platform to run a field experiment in which we compare physicians’ adoption behavior, that is, adoption rate and adoption timing, of smart and automated AI assistants under transparent and non-transparent conditions. We find that the smartness can increase the adoption rate and shorten the adoption timing, whereas the transparency can only shorten the adoption timing. Moreover, the impact of AI transparency on the adoption rate is contingent on the smartness level of the AI assistant: the transparency increases the adoption rate only when the AI assistant is not equipped with smart algorithms and fails to do so when the AI assistant is smart. Managerial implications: Our study can guide platforms in designing their AI strategies. Platforms should improve the smartness of AI assistants. If such an improvement is too costly, the platform should transparentize the AI assistant, especially when it is not smart.

Funding: This research was supported by a Behavioral Research Assistance Grant from the C. T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston. H. Zhao acknowledges support from Hong Kong General Research Fund [9043593]. Y. (R.) Tan acknowledges generous support from CEIBS Research [Grant AG24QCS].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0093 .
Logarithmic Regret in Multisecretary and Online Linear Programs with Continuous Valuations
Authors: Bray Robert L.
Published: July 2024

In 2019, Alessandro Arlotto and Itai Gurvich proved that the expected regret in the multisecretary problem is uniformly bounded as the number of jobs to fill goes to infinity. However, they modeled the secretary valuation distribution as discrete and known, and they concluded their article by explaining that they did not know whether their bound would hold with continuous or unknown valuation distributions. In “Logarithmic Regret in Multisecretary and Online Linear Programs with Continuous Valuations,” Robert L. Bray provides an answer, furnishing lower and upper bounds that demonstrate that the regret in multisecretary problem grows like the logarithm of the number of positions to fill when the distribution of secretary valuations continuous or unknown. He then develops the argument to establish analogous bounds for the more general online linear program, defined by Xiaocheng Li and Yinyu Ye. Bray tightens Li and Ye’s upper regret bound and develops a corresponding lower regret bound. To create these bounds, Bray develops several new convergence results for the online linear program’s dual variables.
Efeitos do treinamento físico supervisionado na ansiedade, estresse e depressão após a Covid-19
Authors: Sampaio Juliana Albuquerque , Castro Arêtha de Meira , Alcântara Érikson Custódio , De Sousa Corrêa Krislainy
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: avaliar ansiedade, estresse e depressão antes e após o treinamento físico em acometidos pela Covid-19. Método: estudo quase-experimental realizado em Goiânia com pacientes que tiveram Covid-19 moderada a grave, após internação. Investigou-se ansiedade, estresse e depressão por meio da DASS-21. Os participantes realizaram dezoito sessões de treinamento físico, três vezes/semana composto por exercícios aeróbios, resistidos e de flexibilidade. Utilizou-se teste Shapiro Wilk para distribuição e os testes t pareado e Wilcoxon com nível de significância de p<0,05 para comparações. Resultado: participaram dezessete indivíduos com 55,59(±5,20) anos, predominantemente mulheres (64,7%), média de dezessete dias internados, maioria obesos (52,9%) com alguma doença prévia à Covid-19 (76,5%). Houve redução da ansiedade (mediana de 9,0 para 2,0 [p=0,001]), estresse de 10,0 para 2,0 (p=0,001) e depressão de 6,0 para 2,0 (p<0,001) após treinamento físico. Conclusão: o treinamento físico foi eficaz para melhora da ansiedade, estresse e depressão após dezoito sessões.
Research on the Evolution Process of New Distribution Network Forms Considering Low Carbon and Sustainable Development
Authors: Chen Zhengyuan , Zheng Sheng , Tan Shuping , Zhang Qingzhou , Jin Wei , Ji Jie
Published: July 2024

To obtain the planning and development status of new distribution networks under the low-carbon and sustainable development goals, research the evolution process of new distribution network forms under the “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality” goals (dual carbon goals). Firstly, combining the characteristics of high proportion renewable energy, construct a new distribution network morphology evolution system under the “dual carbon target”. Explore the energy pattern and structural form of the current and medium/long-term new distribution network, and obtain the corresponding evolution process. Then, considering the transmission characteristics of the new distribution network under the “dual carbon target”, an evaluation index system is established in three aspects: power supply, distribution, and transmission. And construct an evaluation model for the development form of distribution networks based on SWOT analysis, to evaluate the new development form of distribution networks. Finally, numerical examples were verified and analyzed using MATLAB simulation software. The method proposed in this article not only intuitively describes the evolution process of the new distribution network morphology, but also obtains the evolution of the new distribution network at different time stages under the “dual carbon target”, as well as the evolution results of the distribution network morphology in terms of carbon emissions and cost investment. The final research results of this article can provide theoretical basis for distribution network planning under the “dual carbon goal”.
On the Liouville function at polynomial arguments
Authors: Teräväinen Joni
Published: July 2024

abstract: Let $\lambda$ denote the Liouville function. A problem posed by Chowla and by Cassaigne--Ferenczi--Mauduit--Rivat--S\'ark\"ozy asks to show that if $P(x)\in\mathbb{Z}[x]$, then the sequence $\lambda(P(n))$ changes sign infinitely often, assuming only that $P(x)$ is not the square of another polynomial. We show that the sequence $\lambda(P(n))$ indeed changes sign infinitely often, provided that either (i) $P$ factorizes into linear factors over the rationals; or (ii) $P$ is a reducible cubic polynomial; or (iii) $P$ factorizes into a product of any number of quadratics of a certain type; or (iv) $P$ is any polynomial not belonging to an exceptional set of density zero. Concerning (i), we prove more generally that the partial sums of $g(P(n))$ for $g$ a bounded multiplicative function exhibit nontrivial cancellation under necessary and sufficient conditions on $g$. This establishes a ``99\% version'' of Elliott's conjecture for multiplicative functions taking values in the roots of unity of some order. Part (iv) also generalizes to the setting of $g(P(n))$ and provides a multiplicative function analogue of a recent result of Skorobogatov and Sofos on almost all polynomials attaining a prime value.
The Sheriff’s Sword: Property, Democracy, and Public Order in Early Republic Massachusetts
Authors: Holmes Chad R.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The rise of capitalism and democracy in the Early Republic transformed how Americans engaged county officers who served as important middlemen who shaped how communities understood value and property ownership through their processes of seizing and redistributing property. Court officers represented the legal system and governments’ right to rule, and they drew on that authority to maintain their own legitimacy. This article explores the ways that members of the Suffolk County, Massachusetts Sheriff’s Office—Deputy Sheriff Luke Baldwin and Sheriff Charles P. Sumner—did their work and how contemporaries attempted to limit their authority through the legal system, democracy, and mobocracy. As courts and creditors increasingly deferred to a private individual’s judgement than that of a public officer, sheriffs such as Sumner and Baldwin emerged in debates over who ultimately held the responsibility for maintaining law and order.
Managing Negative WOM on Social Media: Impact of Accommodative Versus Defensive Strategies, Reputation, and Communication Style on Consumer Responses
Authors: Kim Yeonsoo
Published: July 2024

abstract: This study examined optimal strategies for companies managing negative social media comments, viewing these situations as public relations opportunities to build relationships and reduce negative word of mouth. Utilizing SCCT and attribution theory and public relations literature on two-way communication and relationship building, a 2×2×2 full factorial experiment was conducted with consumer samples. Results show that effective management of negative comments on social media can build stakeholder relationships and yield positive outcomes. However, the effectiveness of the response strategy depends on the company’s existing reputation. For companies with a positive reputation, a defensive strategy is more effective in reducing perceived responsibility, whereas, for those with a poor reputation, response strategy choice has minimal impact. Two-way communication enhances external attribution, which is especially beneficial for disreputable companies using a defensive strategy. External attribution positively influences trust and satisfaction, ultimately affecting corporate outcomes.
Medieval Futures and the Postwork Romance
Authors: Revere William
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This essay explores speculative resources in the premodern past as displayed in some contemporary anglophone fiction, with a focus on novels by Octavia Butler and Margaret Atwood. Among its retrievals, speculative medievalism offers a critical vantage point on ruinous, "neofeudal" futures by fashioning a form of romance narrative centered on workers. The late-fourteenth century English poem Piers Plowman is looked to as a premodern speculative precursor and interlocutor for such versions of the medieval past.