bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
História da Ciência e Interdisciplinaridade: alguns exemplos
Authors: Amaral Lia Queiroz do
Published: February 2022

Um curso de Iniciação ao Pensamento Científico, estruturado e ministrado na Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade da USP deu origem a esta visão de uma História da Ciência na perspectiva de seu desenvolvimento no Ocidente, com finalidade de Divulgação Científica para público leigo e também como texto didático. São apresentados tópicos que introduzem as bases conceituais e a interdisciplinaridade existente nas Ciências Exatas, focalizando a autoconsistência no conteúdo do conhecimento, utilizando narrativas históricas, sem excessos de formalismo acadêmico. São discutidas as diferenças entre Conhecimento e Ciência, a evolução dos conceitos de Mecânica e Astronomia, da antiguidade até Newton, e da Matemática até o século 17. Em seguida é discutida a união da Física com a Química, na virada do século 19 para o século 20, definindo as Ciências Exatas. Comentários sobre Metodologia Científica e Interdisciplinaridade nas Ciências da Natureza fecham o texto.
Multi-modal Pain Control Protocol Decreases Narcotic Consumption in an Inpatient Trauma Population
Authors: Biester Joel M L , Mentzer Caleb J , Caswell Shayne R , Morrow Charles E , Mount Micheal G , Thurston Brian C , Compton Bari S , Bendyk Heather A , Frye Sarah W , Mohorn Phillip L , Lombardozzi Kristine A
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Opioid use after surgery or trauma has been implicated as a contributing factor to opioid dependence. The Acute Care Surgery (ACS) service at our community-based trauma center instituted an opioid-minimizing, multi-modal pain control (MMPC) protocol. The classes of pain medication included a non-opioid analgesic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a gabapentinoid, a skeletal muscle relaxant, and a topical anesthetic. We hypothesize that the MMPC will result in lower opioid consumption compared with the prior STP as evidenced by lower morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per day

Methods

All adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to the ACS service from Jan 2014 to Dec 2015 and Jan 2018 to Dec 2019 were screened for inclusion. The standard pain control group (STP) and MMPC groups were defined by the year of admission. The primary outcome is opioid use per day, calculated in MME received. Secondary outcomes of the study include daily pain scores, incidence of opioid-related complications, death, ventilator days, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay (HLOS) days.

Results

Multi-modal pain control protocol group was older and less injured than STP group. Daily opioid utilization was significantly less in the MMPC group (22.5 MMEs/d vs 60MMEs/d in the STP group, P < .0001). Additionally, daily pain scores were not different between groups. Secondary outcomes did not vary between the two groups.

Conclusion

This study shows that implementation of a MMPC protocol resulted in lower opioid consumption in injured patients. Pain was equivalently controlled during the MMPC protocol period as demonstrated by similar pain scores.
Low Temperature Multilayer Adsorption of Methanol and Ethanol on Platinum
Authors: Selivanova Aleksandra V. , Aydakov Egor E. , Saraev Andrey A. , Kaichev Vasily V.
Published: February 2022

Adsorption of methanol and ethanol on the clean Pt (111) surface was studied at temperatures between 80 and 130 K using polarization–modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). It was shown that adsorption of methanol at 80 K leads to the formation of amorphous solid methanol, and fast crystallization of the amorphous phase occurs upon warming at 100 K. Vapor deposition of methanol at 100 K directly leads to the formation of well-crystallized layers of solid methanol. According to PM-IRRAS, these crystalline layers consist of chains of hydrogen-bonded methanol molecules lying in a plane oriented close to the normal to the platinum surface. Adsorbed methanol is removed completely from platinum after heating to 120 K. Vapor deposition of ethanol at 80 K also leads to the formation of amorphous solid ethanol. However, subsequent warming does not lead to ordering of the adsorption layers, and at 130 K, ethanol is also completely desorbed.
Successful remunicipalization processes in Italian waste management: Triggers, key success factors, and results
Authors: Romano Giulia , Marciano Claudio , Minoja Mario
Published: February 2022

In recent years, many countries have experienced remunicipalization in the public service sector, especially in the fields of water and urban waste management. Using a multiple-case design, examining five successful urban waste management remunicipalizations in Italy, this study investigates the triggers, key success factors, and results of this process. We find that remunicipalization is triggered by the simultaneous occurrence of motivations and opportunities, and the presence of one or a few fully committed actors. This process, in turn, results in significant improvements in a company’s performance from a triple bottom line perspective, provided that certain key success factors—regarding the municipality, the utility and its management, and stakeholder relationships—are met. The external context provides legal and institutional conditions that affect the overall process, triggers, and results.

Points for practitioners

Remunicipalization debate needs an in-depth analysis of municipalities that have experienced this process and insights into the triggers, processes, and impact of remunicipalisation. Experiences unfold through three main phases. Efficiency and meeting performance targets are important but should be balanced with other values linked with the well-being of communities. The process is triggered by simultaneous motivations and opportunities and by one or a few fully committed key actors. Remunicipalization induces significant firm performance improvements from a triple bottom line perspective.
Cultural Inertia: Framework of Change and Intergroup Relations
Authors: Armenta Angel , Alvarez Miriam J. , Aguilera Rafael , Hitlan Robert , Federico Christopher , Zárate Michael A.
Published: February 2022

Cultural change is theorized to generate intergroup hostility. Three experiments apply the Cultural Inertia Model to test the effects of change on intergroup relations. Two predictions of cultural inertia were tested: (a) cultures at rest tend to stay at rest and (b) individual difference variables function as psychological anchors. In static societies, perceived change leads to greater threat (Experiment 1), endorsement of anti-immigration legislation (Experiment 1), and collective angst (Experiments 1 and 2). Perceptions of change in static societies lead to more fear-related emotional reactions (Experiment 3). Framing cultural change as continuous rather than abrupt may be a solution for reducing negative reactions caused by cultural change (Experiments 2 and 3). Individual difference factors function as anchors that cement individuals in a state of uniformity (Experiment 2). The findings demonstrate that social interactions rely on perceptions toward change and individual difference factors that anchor one’s willingness to accept change.
Towards More Human and Humane Testing: The Role of the Device Supplier Industry
Authors: Cuanalo-Contreras Karina , Benkmann Dennis
Published: February 2022

In vivo testing has been the gold standard for preclinical drug development and toxicology. However, animal-based methods often lack human relevance and have a low predictability rate, not to mention the enormous ethical and financial concerns associated with their use. For instance, according to the US Congressional Budget Office ( cbo.gov ), it takes an average of 10.5 years to take a compound from the preclinical phase to the market, with a cost of US$1–US$2 billion. 90% of drugs that are tested in animals and enter clinical trials fail due to lack of safety and efficacy — this fact questions the significance of in vivo testing. Cells in culture can recapitulate certain aspects of physiology and disease, as well as indicate drug responses and toxicity. Thus, they represent a sophisticated human-relevant and humane alternative. With advances in the in vitro field, it is anticipated that confidence will be gained towards a move away from traditional in vivo models. Specialised supplier industries have been a driving force in the transition to non-animal research, by translating new approach methodologies into scalable products that have been adopted by the regulatory and testing industries — but we are still at the beginning. In this article, we introduce the perspective of the device supplier industry on the current challenges and opportunities surrounding the adoption of new in vitro methods, with the goal of promoting effective co-operation with scientists and other stakeholders. In addition, we highlight some examples of where non-animal approaches have been used in regulatory submissions, as well as listing some educational and training resources that can help when selecting the most appropriate assay.
Sexual health and closeness in couples coping with advanced cancer: Results of a multicenter observational study (eQuiPe)
Authors: van Roij Janneke , Raijmakers Natasja , Johnsen Anna Thit , Hansen Maiken Bang , Thijs-Visser Martine , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke
Published: February 2022

Background:

Cancer and its treatment can severely affect sexual health. It is unknown how this may relate to the feelings of closeness between patients and their partners.

Aim:

To assess the association between sexual health and closeness in the relationship in couples coping with advanced cancer.

Design:

This study was part of a prospective multicentre longitudinal observational cohort study on experienced quality of care and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer and their relatives (eQuiPe).

Setting/participants:

Baseline data regarding sexual health and closeness in people with advanced cancer and their partners.

Results:

Out of the 566 dyads, 14 were same-sex couples. Especially male partners showed an interest in sex, but more than half of all patients and partners were not sexually active. Approximately one third experienced sexual dysfunction to be a problem but did not seek specialized support (<10%). There was a positive association between own sexual satisfaction and feelings of closeness in the relationship, which was stronger for partners compared to patients ( p < 0.001). Sexual satisfaction of the other person was also related to own feelings of closeness ( p = 0.003).

Conclusions:

Couples coping with advanced cancer clearly face challenges regarding sexual health but are not likely to seek specialized support. When discussing sexual health, it is crucial that health care professionals pay attention to the aspects of sexual health that may contribute to feeling close to each other and suggest specialized care if necessary.

Trial registration:

The eQuiPe study is registered as NTR6584 in the Netherlands Trial Register.
Association of Radiographic Markers of Hip Instability and Worse Outcomes 2 to 4 Years After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement in Female Patients
Authors: Marland Jennifer D. , Horton Brandy S. , West Hugh S. , Wylie James D.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Reported outcomes of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with underlying borderline acetabular dysplasia are mixed. This may in part be the result of mixed-sex reporting.

Purpose:

To determine the effect of radiographic measures of acetabular dysplasia and hip instability on outcomes of female patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of female patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for FAI. All patients had preoperative radiographs including a standing anteroposterior pelvic view on which lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), anterior wall index (AWI), posterior wall index (PWI), and femoroepiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index were measured. Patient outcomes were quantified by preoperative and postoperative 12-Item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) scores. All patients had follow-up at 2 to 4 years postoperatively. Published values for minimal clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), and a normal (iHOT-12 > 86 points) or abnormal (iHOT-12 < 56 points) hip were used to determine outcome, as well as the final iHOT-12 score and iHOT-12 preoperative to postoperative difference.

Results:

The cohort consisted of 249 female patients (83% follow-up) with iHOT-12 scores at 2 to 4 years after surgery (mean, 34.6 months). Female patients with combined LCEA ≤25° and AWI <0.35 had lower final iHOT-12 score and iHOT-12 difference and were less likely to meet MCID, SCB, and PASS and have a normal hip and were more likely to have an abnormal hip as determined by iHOT-12 cutoffs when compared with those patients who had an LCEA >25° and an AWI ≥0.35 (all P < .05). There was no effect of PWI on outcomes. Similarly, female patients with combined LCEA ≤25° and a laterally oriented (positive) FEAR index were less likely to meet MCID, SCB, and PASS and have a normal hip and were more likely to have an abnormal hip compared with those patients who had an LCEA >25° and a negative (medial) FEAR index (all P < .05). In multivariate regression, an LCEA between 18° and 25° was an independent predictor of worse outcomes.

Conclusion:

An LCEA of 18° to 25°, in combination with an AWI of <0.35 or a laterally opening FEAR index, was predictive of worse outcomes in female patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI.
Frequency of overactive bladder (OAB) and the factors affecting it in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
Authors: Guzelsoy Muhammet , Gunes Aygul , Coban Soner , Turkoglu Ali Riza , Onen Efe , Ocakoglu Gokhan , Karadag Mehmet
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

To investigate the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and the factors affecting it.

Materials and methods:

A total of 255 patients were included in this prospectively designed study. Among all patients, 166 were male, 89 were female; 213 patients were married and 42 were single. All patients underwent polysomnography. All patients completed the OAB-V8 form. OSAS was diagnosed via polysomnography. OAB was diagnosed via OABV8. The participants were evaluated as patients with and without OAB and those with and without OSAS. SPSS for Windows version 18.0 software was used for the statistical analysis and the level of significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results:

The prevalence of OAB was high among the OSAS patients (66.3%, n = 136). Age, body mass index, waist circumference, marital status, oxygen desaturation index (ODI4) ⩾4%, apneahypopnea index (AHI), the number and duration of decreases in O2 saturation below 90%, wake after sleep onset (WASO) duration, and groups, and OSAS severity were different in the OAB group ( p < 0.05). Duration and number of O2 saturation <90%, and ODI4 are higher in the OSAS group and OAB group ( p < 0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, AHI, WASO, age, and marital status were the factors influencing OAB.

Conclusion:

OAB is seen at a high rate in OSAS patients. Hypoxia is the main basis for both diseases and probably it is the common pathway. AHI, WASO, age, and marital status can provide valuable information to physicians for predicting OAB.
Modified hollow glass microsphere isocyanate-based polyimide foam composite with improved mechanical and thermal insulation properties
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhao Fuxing , Li Hanxin , Xie Huasheng , Jiang Chongwen , Xie Le
Published: February 2022

In this work, hollow glass microspheres (HGM) were introduced into the polyimide matrix as an effective reinforcement filler to improve the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of the polyimide foams (PIF). The HGM was surface-modified with the silane coupling agent to enhance the interfacial compatibility with PIF. Experimental results revealed that the average cellular diameter of PIF decreased obviously with the addition of the modified HGM (M-HGM). The apparent density of foams also increased from 15.85 to 18.34 kg/m3 when the M-HGM combination was changed from 0 to 12 percent (wt.%). Compared with the pure PIF, the composite foams added 8 wt.% M-HGM showed high compression strength (65 kPa) and compression modulus (1147 kPa), resulting in a distinct enhancement in mechanical properties. Furthermore, the addition of M-HGM filler also improved the thermal insulation performance of PIF, which exhibited the minimum thermal conductivity of 29.48 mW·m−1·K−1 with 8 wt.% M-HGM. Thus, considering the improved mechanical and insulation properties of the prepared PIF, it could be a promising candidate for the high temperature-resistant thermal insulating applications.
Research on dynamic stiffness with the high-order fractional derivative model for rubber bushing
Authors: Zhang Shupei , Chen Zhao , Zhang Wei , Xia Mingyue
Published: February 2022

A hybrid strategy for predicting the dynamic stiffness of rubber bushing is proposed in this study to analyze the axial amplitude-frequency dependence with the high-order fractional derivative model. Firstly, the finite element model (FEM) is constructed to calculate the force-displacement hysteresis curves under certain conditions. Secondly, a parametric model composed of the elastic element, the friction element, and the high-order fractional derivative viscoelastic element in parallel is proposed to describe the axial amplitude-frequency dependent behavior of rubber bushing. Then, based on the hysteresis curve obtained by the finite element analysis, the parameters of the high-order fractional derivative viscoelastic model are identified by using an adaptive chaos particle swarm optimization (ACPSO). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is evaluated through simulations under sinusoidal excitation in the amplitude range of 0.1–2.0 mm and the frequency range of 0.1–25.0 Hz. The simulation results show that the parametric model can accurately estimate the dynamic stiffness under the condition of large amplitude and wide frequency. The hybrid strategy is practically useful for the dynamic stiffness estimate of rubber bushing, and reduces time and computational resources compared with the finite element method.
Adult Primary Pineal Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma with FOXO1 Gene Rearrangement and OLIG2 Expression: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Xie Lesi , Wang Wei , Zhou Hong , Han Zhijiang , Xu Jinghong , Xu Zhihong , Xiang Jingjing
Published: February 2022

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is a common malignant soft tissue tumor in child and adolescents. Intracranial alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is rare, especially in the pineal region. We present a case of primary alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the pineal gland in a 36-year-old Chinese male with a chief complaint of dizziness, headache and a loss of balance when walking. Imaging identified a space-occupying mass in the pineal region with obstructive hydrocephalus. An endoscopic-assisted pineal mass resection was performed. Pathology revealed a solid, sheet-like growth of medium-sized, round or oval cells with map-like necrosis and some rhabdomyoblasts. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for desmin, myogenin, MyoD1, ALK, and OLIG2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected FOXO1 gene rearrangement. This rare case is presented to expand the knowledge of pineal gland tumors and alert us to pay attention to the differential diagnosis of OLIG2-positive round-cell tumors of the central nervous system.
Position Paper on the Management of Pregnancy-Associated Superficial Venous Thrombosis. Balkan Working Group for Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Antic Darko , Lefkou Eleftheria , Otasevic Vladimir , Banfic Ljiljana , Dimakakos Evangelos , Olinic Dan , Milić Dragan , Miljić Predrag , Xhepa Sokol , Stojkovski Igor , Kozak Matija , Dimulescu Doina Ruxandra , Preradović Tamara Kovačević , Nancheva Jasminka , Pazvanska Evelina Evtimova , Tratar Gregor , Gerotziafas Grigoris T.
Published: February 2022

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial disease that can possibly affect any part of venous circulation. The risk of VTE increases by about 2 fold in pregnant women and VTE is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. For decades superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) has been considered as benign, self-limiting condition, primarily local event consequently being out of scope of well conducted epidemiological and clinical studies. Recently, the approach on SVT has significantly changed considering that prevalence of lower limb SVT is twice higher than both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The clinical severity of SVT largely depends on the localization of thrombosis, when it concerns the major superficial vein vessels of the lower limb and particularly the great saphenous vein. If untreated or inadequately treated, SVT can potentially cause DVT or PE. The purpose of this review is to discuss the complex interconnection between SVT and risk factors in pregnancy and to provide evidence-based considerations, suggestions, and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of this precarious and delicate clinical entity.
Analysis of the Correlation Between the Ratio of Monocytes to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and in-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Premature Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Chen Bo-Wen , Liu Jia-Jing , Xing Jun-Hui , Liu Heng-Dao , Wei Yu-Zhen , Xue Xiao-Fei , Gu He-Ping , Tao Hai-Long
Published: February 2022

Background

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and monocytes are associated with coronary artery disease, and the ratio of monocytes to high-density lipoprotein (MHR) is associated with long-term adverse outcomes and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Currently, the trend of coronary heart disease proned to young people is becoming prominent. However, the relationship between MHR and in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients with premature coronary heart disease (PCHD) has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationship between MHR and ISR in patients with PCHD.

Methods

We retrospectively included 257 patients (men ≤ 55 years old, women ≤ 65 years old) with PCHD who underwent drug-eluting stent implantation and follow-up coronary angiography at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2016 to September 2019. Patients were divided into ISR and non-ISR groups depending on their follow-up coronary angiography results. Relative clinical information was recorded and analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimum pre-procedural MHR cutoff value to predict ISR.

Results

Logistic regression analysis showed that MHR, smoking history, and fibrinogen were independent risk factors for ISR in patients with PCHD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of MHR was 0.750 (95% confidence interval, 0.695-0.820; P < .001), the cutoff value was 546.88, and the specificity and sensitivity were 65.2% and 78%, while the AUC of monocytes was 0.631 (95% confidence interval, 0.638-0.794; P < .001), the cutoff value was 590, and the specificity and sensitivity were 77.1% and 60.0%.

Conclusion

MHR is an independent risk factor for ISR in patients with PCHD and showed a certain predictive value.
Research on dynamic response of multi-layer beam system considering random interlayer parameters
Authors: Zhou Wangbao , Wu Lingxu , Jiang Lizhong , Zhang Yuntai , Liu Shaohui , Liu Xiang
Published: February 2022

To study the influence of interlayer stiffness and interlayer damping on the dynamic response of multi-layer beams under moving loads, a method for calculating the dynamic response of a multi-layer beam system considering random interlayer stiffness or random interlayer damping under successive moving loads based on the Karhunen–Loéve expansion and point estimation method is proposed. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by using several numerical examples. The influence of interlayer stiffness, interlayer damping, standard deviation of interlayer stiffness, and standard deviation of interlayer damping on the dynamic response of a girder-rail system was analyzed by using the proposed calculation method. The results show that when the moving load velocity is high, the number of critical velocity of the rail significantly increases with decreasing interlayer stiffness. In addition, dynamic responses of the rail and girder increase with decreasing interlayer damping and the dynamic response of rail at the midspan significantly increases as the standard deviation of interlayer stiffness increases. Neglecting interlayer damping can lead to significant fluctuation in the dynamic response of rail, a significant increase in the number of critical velocity of rail, and increases in the dynamic responses of rail and girder. Changing interlayer stiffness, interlayer damping, standard deviation of interlayer stiffness, or standard deviation of interlayer damping will have no obvious influence on the dynamic response of girder.
See the forest by looking at the trees: Physical education teachers’ interpersonal style profiles and students’ engagement
Authors: Leo Francisco M , Pulido Juan J , Sánchez-Oliva David , López-Gajardo Miguel A , Mouratidis Athanasios
Published: February 2022

On the basis of self-determination theory, we aimed to identify students’ perceptions of interpersonal teaching style profiles (i.e. within-teacher combinations of six dimensions of need-supportive and need-thwarting behaviours of autonomy, competence and relatedness) and to examine, through a cross-sectional design, the possible associations between these teaching profiles and students’ behavioural and emotional engagement. Participants were 2065 students ( nteachers = 38) of Physical Education (PE) ( Mage = 11.96 ± 1.95; range = 10–16 years; 1042 girls) nested in 98 classrooms from elementary ( n = 915) and secondary ( n = 1150) Spanish schools. Students filled out questionnaires in a paper and pencil format during the last semester of the school year. A four-cluster solution was found to be the most suitable: (a) a high-low group (i.e. high in perceived need-support and low in need-thwarting), (b) a low-high group (i.e. low in perceived need-support and relatively high in need-thwarting), (c) a low-low group (i.e. low in both need-support and need-thwarting) and (d) a mixed group (i.e. low in autonomy support, high in autonomy-thwarting and relatively modest-to-high in competence and relatedness support and thwarting). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated significant differences in students’ behavioural and emotional engagement as a function of cluster membership. Post hoc comparisons showed that the high-low group reported the highest levels of engagement and the low-high group the lowest ones. Furthermore, the mixed group scored the second highest level of engagement – higher than the low-low and the low-high group. These results suggest that teachers who fail to support students’ needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness – either by using or not using need-thwarting instructional practices – might undermine students’ engagement.
Resilience, fire and the UK Codes and Standards. Where are they and where could they go?
Authors: Manes Martina , Lange David , Rush David
Published: February 2022

The term resilience is being more widely adopted in fire safety engineering, however, its comprehensive description is not clearly explained or correctly applied in practice. This study, therefore, defines the categories, dimensions, characteristics, capacities, objectives and missions possessed by resilience to provide a holistic understanding of the term. This is followed by an analysis and classification of the UK Standards and Codes addressing resilience considering their administrative and engineering features of resilience, and their resilience dimensions with definitions of fire resilience measures and approaches. A practical example of a fire resilience framework is applied in educational buildings considering internal resilience for a safe facility, risk reduction and disaster management, and external resilience involving redundancy of resources and community support. Finally, a fire resilience design framework is created in which structural and fire safety engineering are considered clarifying the steps to follow in a comprehensive design process based on a flow chart. This paper will contribute to the creation of a unified terminology and understanding of the concept linked to resilience to be adopted in various disciplines.
Risk factors for major amputation after arterial vascular trauma of the lower extremity
Authors: Kluckner Michaela , Gratl Alexandra , Gruber Leonhard , Frech Andreas , Gummerer Maria , Wipper Sabine , Enzmann Florian K. , Klocker Josef
Published: February 2022

Background & objective:

Arterial vascular trauma bears a great risk of poor functional outcome or limb loss. The aim of this study was to analyze amputation rates of patients after vascular trauma and to perform a predictor analysis for the risk of major amputation.

Methods:

In a single-center retrospective analysis of 119 extremities treated for arterial vascular injury between 1990 and 2018 amputation rates and factors associated with limb loss were assessed. All patients were treated for traumatic vascular injuries; iatrogenic injuries were not included in the study.

Results:

During the study period, a total of 119 legs in 118 patients were treated after arterial vascular trauma. The in-hospital major amputation rate was 16.8% and the mortality rate was 2.5%. In the predictors analysis, vascular re-operation (amputation rate 53.8% vs 12%, odds ratio = 8.56), a Rutherford category ⩾IIb (25.4% vs 4.2%, odds ratio = 6.43), work-related or traffic accidents (28.2% vs 0%, odds ratio = 4.86), concomitant soft tissue or bone injuries (26.7% vs 7.3%, odds ratio = 4.64), polytrauma (33.3% vs 12%, odds ratio = 3.68), and blunt trauma (18.9% vs 0% for penetrating trauma, odds ratio = 1.64) were found to be associated with amputation.

Conclusions:

Lower extremity arterial vascular trauma was associated with a significant major amputation rate. Several predictors for limb loss were identified, which could aid in identifying patients at risk and adapting their treatment.
Victims’ perceptions of police services: The perspectives of tourists as outsiders
Authors: Mawby Rob I , Ozascilar Mine
Published: February 2022

This article presents the first research to consider perceptions of the police held by non-resident victims, in this case US citizens on holiday either at home or abroad. Based on a small sample of 84 US residents victimised while holidaying in either the USA or four other countries, and drawn from Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing platform, it is, essentially exploratory. However, the findings suggest that tourist victims in our sample commonly reported their crimes and held extremely positive views of the way they were treated by the police, indeed more so than their experiences ‘back home’ had led them to expect. Most victims, nevertheless, said they would have appreciated more support, from the police and other sources. Although more research is needed to build on this study, the findings do underline the need for a greater focus on the experiences of foreign visitors and offer a template for future research on outsiders’ views of their experiences as victims.
Feminist Loneliness Studies: an introduction
Authors: Magnet Shoshana , Orr Celeste E.
Published: February 2022

Writing about loneliness has been a struggle in the midst of the pandemic. Characterized by loneliness, isolation, anxiety, and fear, the COVID-19 pandemic is an exceptionally challenging time. At various points while navigating this loneliness project amid a particularly lonely time, we lamented the seeming futility of it all. A main goal of developing a Feminist Loneliness Studies in this introduction is to understand the ways that systems of oppression – white supremacy, settler colonialism, anti-queer bias, misogyny, neoliberal capitalism, and so on – create our lonely world. To date, there remains no comprehensive feminist analysis of the structural conditions that both produce and intensify experiences of loneliness. We aim to remedy this gap. That is, we seek to address what a Feminist Loneliness Studies can contribute to understanding the complexities of this complicated emotion. For example, what is the unique loneliness of the feminist killjoy who calls out, or calls in, existing forms of queerphobia, racism, and sexism? What does it mean to be a politicized person and how does that result in both alienation and isolation? What might the relationship be between white supremacy and loneliness? How is loneliness both individual and systemic, and what is the relationship between the two? What distinctive forms of loneliness are created by ableism, sanism, neoliberalism, capitalism, globalization, and the gig economy? Ought loneliness be avoided at all costs? What are the ethics of loneliness? In our introduction to this special issue, we unpack and theorize the potential perils and generative possibilities offered up by this profound emotion. Establishing a Feminist Loneliness Studies provides us with the space we need to begin addressing and comprehending loneliness.
Ecstatic loneliness: black genders and the politics of affect in Mykki Blanco's ‘Loner’
Authors: Mosley William H.
Published: February 2022

The rapper Mykki Blanco is lauded as a trailblazer in the contemporary queer hip hop movement, and it is this reputation that, in part, makes the single of her debut album so curious. The song ‘Loner’ is unequivocally pop and explores health, loneliness, love and sex, echoing Blanco's shifting relationship to gender, genre, sobriety and serostatus. Amidst three key performances of this song, Blanco's consciousness was at various stages of development and they reflect her journey into trans womanhood and through HIV seroconversion. As such, her relationship to gender and disability comes in and out of focus as the legibility of her art and affect jockey across black gay, gender fluid and trans modes of self-determination. This confluence of Blanco's affect, genders, music and performances leads to certain questions. What constellates loneliness during a black trans process of becoming? What collateral genealogies and intellectual and expressive cultural formations come to bear on the affective attachments of black queer, trans, feminist art? In this article, I offer an account of the antagonistic relationship between (white) affect studies and black studies in order to contextualise the stakes of thinking affect alongside gender and race. I also forward a theory of ecstatic loneliness which attends to the ways in which anti-blackness, HIV stigma and transphobia produce negative affects that function as the basis for imagining a trans-inclusive care practice that is empathetic to the experience of seroconversion. Through analysis of three performances of ‘Loner’, I find that wayward commitments to gender lead to various emplacements of the song in black cisgender, transgender and gender-fluid discourses of affect, community and performance, resulting in an interdisciplinary method of black and queer self-making that is underexamined in affect studies scholarship.
Beyond the U-curve: Citizen preferences on European integration in multidimensional political space
Authors: Toshkov Dimiter , Krouwel André
Published: February 2022

One of the major findings of the literature on Euroscepticism is that support for European integration generally declines as one moves closer to the extremes of the left-right ideological spectrum. However, in multidimensional policy space, Euroscepticism varies in more complex ways. This article explores the relief of Euroscepticism for citizens in four European states – the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and France – based on data from voting advice applications fielded before the 2019 elections of the European Parliament. The results reveal that the way Euroscepticism maps onto other dimensions differs significantly for citizens and for parties and across political contexts. Such variation is important for understanding how preferences for European integration are embedded into existing structures of political competition.
The Pains and Gains of COVID-19 – Challenges to Child First Justice in the Pandemic
Authors: Hampson Kathy , Case Stephen , Little Ross
Published: February 2022

The global COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected justice-involved children. Youth justice policy changes and innovations have assisted communication and engagement with these vulnerable children during unprecedented times, while attempting to limit risks of contagion and criminalisation – all central tenets of the ‘Child First’ guiding principle for the Youth Justice System of England and Wales. While some changes have enhanced the experiences of some justice-involved children (gains), others have disproportionately disadvantaged justice-involved children in court, community and custody contexts (pains), increasing criminalisation, disengagement and anxiety. These pains of COVID-19 have effectively eroded the rights of this already-vulnerable group of children.
Fun, engaging and easily shareable? Exploring the value of co-creating vlogs with citizens from disadvantaged neighbourhoods
Authors: Goedhart Nicole S. , Lems Eva , Zuiderent-Jerak Teun , Pittens Carina A. C. M. , Broerse Jacqueline E. W. , Dedding Christine
Published: February 2022

The use of vlogs is promising in participatory action research (PAR) that aims to enhance the health and well-being of citizens. Vlogs have the potential to reach a wide audience, transcending the local scale of PAR. This article aims to explore the value of co-creating vlogs by investigating two exploratory studies involving adolescents and women from disadvantaged neighbourhoods. We reflected on the co-creation of vlogs by community members and professionals. The results show that co-creating vlogs enabled meaningful engagement of citizens living in vulnerable circumstances and promoted shared learning. Community members who were not involved in the vlog creation were critical of the vlogs. However, watching the vlogs stimulated discussion and reflection. Therefore, dissemination of vlogs in a setting guided by a professional seems to have the potential to facilitate shared learning. Despite the popularity of vlogs, this study highlights the need to carefully consider the use of vlogs in relation to a study’s aims and to respond to (ethical) concerns.
A Food Security Indicator Framework for British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Seed Barbara , Kurrein Melanie , Hasdell Rebecca
Published: February 2022

Food security is a determinant of health and increasingly recognized as a focus for health promotion. Led by the Population and Public Health Program, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, this article outlines the process of development and the evidence-based conceptual framework that guides the systematic selection of food security indicators in the Province. A phased, iterative approach to develop the food security framework was adopted. Phase 1 consisted of a literature search of food security indicator models, and key informant discussions. Phase 2 consisted of modification of the model based on stakeholder consultation. The framework development occurred between January 2016 and April 2019. A structured scan of the literature found no existing conceptual frameworks specific to food security indicators in the Global North. The most relevant and frequently used frameworks for indicator reporting identified were environmental health indicator frameworks. This article presents a matrix framework based on existing environmental health indicator frameworks. It integrates environmental health causal networks (e.g., determinants–current state–impact–response) with food security elements identified as (a) individual and household food insecurity, (b) food systems, and (c) capacity. This framework contributes to food security performance monitoring in the Global North and fills an important gap in evaluating the impact of the public health response to food security. Use of this comprehensive framework can enable program planners and policy makers to be clear about where and how they are attempting to assess, influence and monitor food security, and illustrate the interconnectedness between indicators.
Virtual Reality to Ease Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms Under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Lame Charles , Mougin Justine , Postiglione Thomas J. , Fabre Dominique , Haulon Stephan
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Virtual reality (VR) has both a non-pharmacological analgesic and anxiolytic action that can be used as an alternative to general anesthesia for very high-risk patients. Case report: We present here the case of a patient treated for a complex endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm exclusion using a 4-fenestrated aortic endograft using VR. The patient had no postoperative complications and was safely discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 6. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that the use of VR in addition to local anesthesia can be a safe alternative to general anesthesia
The Significance and Complexities of Anti-Corporate Gamer Activism: Struggles Against the Exploitation and Control of Game-Worlds in 2000s China
Authors: Chew Matthew M.
Published: February 2022

Few studies explore the progressive sociopolitical relevance of gamers. This study contributes to this exploration by investigating a common yet neglected type of gamer activism: struggles against the exploitation and control of game-worlds by game publishers. I analyze it with anti-corporate Chinese gamer activism between 2003 and 2010. I found seven recurring battlefronts on which gamers carried out violent protests, clicktivism, media campaigns, connective action, political consumerism, and litigation. They involved technical problems, publisher staff’s rent-seeking, termination of game-worlds, abusive game design, and the mishandling of the problems of duping, bots, and virtual property theft. Numerous groups including gold farmers and consumer associations were involved in these complex struggles. This study’s core dataset was collected between 2007 and 2011 from media reports on gamer activism, game industry reports, in-game observation, and documentary and video records of gamer mobilization. Supplementary data were collected between 2012 and 2015 and again in 2018 and 2019.
Selectively localized: Temporal and visual structure of smartphone screen activity across media environments
Authors: Muise Daniel , Lu Yingdan , Pan Jennifer , Reeves Byron
Published: February 2022

This study demonstrates how localization and homogenization can co-occur in different aspects of smartphone usage. Smartphones afford individualization of media behavior: users can begin, end, or switch between countless tasks anytime, but this individualization is shaped by shared environments such that smartphone usage may be similar among those who share such environments but contain differences, or localization, across environments or regions. Yet for all users, smartphone screen interactions are bounded and guided by nearly identical smartphone interfaces, suggesting that smartphone usage may be similar or homogenized across all individuals regardless of environment. We study homogenization and localization by comparing the temporal, visual, and experiential composition of screen activity among individuals in three dissimilar media environments—the United States, China, and Myanmar—using one week of screenshot data captured passively every 5 s by the novel Screenomics framework. We find that overall usage levels are consistently dissimilar across media environments, while metrics that depend more on moment-level decisions and user-interface design do not vary significantly across media environments. These results suggest that quantitative research on homogenization and localization should analyze behavior driven by user interfaces and by contextually determined parameters, respectively.
Acute pancreatitis, a rare complication of afferent loop obstruction: A case report
Authors: Li Hao , Sun Yucheng , Wang Zhenyu , Ji Zixiang , Xu Junqiang , Cui Fengzhe
Published: February 2022

Afferent loop (A-loop) obstruction presenting as acute pancreatitis is a rare clinical entity. We report a case of A-loop obstruction that occurred 15 years after Billroth II gastrectomy, leading to acute pancreatitis and accompanied by duodenal perforation and peritonitis. A 63-year-old man complaining of upper abdominal pain, distention, and nausea was referred to our hospital. The patient was previously treated with antibiotics and gastrointestinal decompression at the primary healthcare institute after being diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. However, the symptoms did not improve. Upon inter-hospital transportation, he experienced a period of relief from the pain but soon developed signs of diffuse peritonitis. Laboratory examination showed elevated serum amylase and lipase. A computed tomography scan revealed slight edema of the pancreas, a dilated and fluid-filled bowel loop across the mid-abdomen, and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity and pelvis. An emergency laparotomy was conducted, followed by symptomatic treatments. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged in 4 weeks.
Long-term surgical outcome of anterior colporrhaphy and autologous fascial sling (AFS) reinforcement for treatment of high-grade cystocoele
Authors: Taylor Danielle , Yao Henry H , Gani Johan , O’Connell Helen E
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To determine the long-term outcomes of anterior colporrhaphy with pubovaginal sling reinforcement in the management of high-grade cystocoele and significant urethral dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective case series. From May 2008 to October 2017, all patients who underwent concurrent anterior colporrhaphy and pubovaginal fascial sling performed by a single surgeon were included. Subjective success rates were determined from patient-reported outcomes on follow-up questionnaires using The Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scores. Primary outcome of this study was subjective cystocoele recurrence-free survival. Secondary outcome was complication rate.

Results:

Eighty patients were included with a median age of 63 years. All women had urethral dysfunction (type II urethral hypermobility or intrinsic sphincter deficiency) on fluoroscopic urodynamics in association with a high-grade cystocoele. The median follow-up time for recurrence of cystocoele was 36 months. The 1- and 5-year estimated cystocoele recurrence-free survival was 97.2% and 84.8%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Anterior colporrhaphy with concurrent pubovaginal sling reinforcement for treatment of high-grade cystocoele is a safe procedure with a high rate of success durable up to 5 years. The risk of complications is low with no patient developing chronic pain or rejection of the fascial graft.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable.