bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating The Transient Thermal Aeraulic Conditions of The ‘Sabat’ Space in Traditional Mediterranean Cities
Authors: Smail Sabah , Djenane Moussadek , Zemmouri Noureddine
Published: January 2024

Cities are already experiencing the effect of climate change on their seasonal conditions, especially in the Mediterranean region where significant temperature increases are being observed. Walkability is an essential factor influenced by the global warming impacts and could significantly reshape the course of its magnitude.  The current study is a part of a large research investigating the influence of transient thermal aeraulic conditions of ‘Sabat’ space, a traditional urban in-between space, on pedestrians’ walking experience in Mediterranean cities. The aim is to investigate the potential of Sabat in supporting a positive walking experience. The novel ‘thermal walk’ method was carried out to capture the dynamic pedestrian sensations, simultaneously, with mobile micrometeorological within two preselected walking routes in Algiers’ Casbah. This paper reports the mobile meteorological measurement of the ‘Casbah walk’ with the aim of exploring the potential of Sabat in generating transient thermal aeraulic conditions. The measurement campaigns were carried out for five days in late December (2022). The campaigns involved a total of 16 assessment points of covered (Sabat) and non-covered stops using a set of portable weather station TESTO 480. Results revealed the potential of Sabat in generating transient thermal aeraulic conditions within the street, and the significance of air temperature and shade in channeling wind inside Sabats. Air temperature, mean radiant temperature and relative humidity significantly differ between Sabats and non-covered spaces. The wind speed recorded the largest variation. Important spatial transitions may result in abrupt thermal aeraulic transients. Although current results are limited to warm winter conditions, findings contribute to a better understanding of the use of shade and wind patterns in mitigating prolonged heat exposure and highlight the potential of Sabat space, a traditional sustainable device, in creating restorative conditions for walking activity.
Application of a Biomimetic Approach in the Design Exploration of the Indonesian Red Cross Memorial Covid 19 Volunteer Monument, Tangerang Regency
Authors: Wicaksono Emanuel , Setiawan Derryl
Published: January 2024

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and a national disaster by the Indonesian government since March 2020. The high speed of the virus' spread has caused an enormous multidimensional crisis in terms of health, social, and economic aspects all over the world, including Indonesia. As of May 8, 2023, Covid-19 has infected 6,787,354 people, with 161,459 of them having died. Among the many victims, there are also many volunteers who have fallen while serving the community in dealing with the pandemic. To commemorate the fallen volunteers, the Indonesian Red Cross of Tangerang Regency plans to immortalize them through a monument in the Solear area, Tangerang Regency, Banten. This monument is intended as a place to remember the fallen volunteers for their families, colleagues, and the public. The Architecture Student Association (Gamatara) of UPH had the opportunity to contribute their design ideas in the framework of community service. The approach used in developing the design of this monument is biomimetic. Biomimetic architecture is defined as the science and art of designing buildings by imitating aspects of nature as examples, models, references, and guidelines for solving problems in architecture. In the design of this monument, biomimetic is applied to make nature an inspiration for form. This approach is used as the actualization of the symbol that the way to prevent pandemics like this in the future is through harmonization with nature. This approach can be seen as the application of metaphor, prioritizing conceptual and visual synergy. The bamboo shoot shape was chosen as an appropriate metaphor that depicts resilience and the emergence of new hope. The design exploration is directed towards combining the form and the resulting spatial experience to create a sense of place and a meditative reflection space that supports activities.
Selenomethionine Suppress the Progression of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid
Cancer via LncRNA NONMMUT014201/miR-6963-5p/Srprb Pathway
Authors: Pan Rongfang , Zhao Junyu , Yao Jinming , Gao Yanyan , Liao Lin
Published: January 2024

Background:

Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) is a special type of thyroid
cancer that threatens the life of the patients. Unfortunately, there are no effective treatments for
PDTC right now, so it is urgent to search for new efficacious drugs. This experiment was designed
to elucidate the effects of selenomethionine (SeMet) on PDTC in vitro and vivo.

Methods:

A xenograft animal model was used to assay the volume and weight of PDTC. LncRNA
NOMMMUT014201 expression was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and Real-time
quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). In vitro experiments were carried on in WRO cells. The Cell Counting
Kit-8 assay was performed to test the effect of SeMet on the proliferation of cells. And the migration
and invasion of WRO cells by the wound-healing assay, Transwell migration and invasion
assays. The cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. In addition, genes related to proliferation,
migration, invasion and apoptosis were detected through qRT-PCR and Western Blot.

Results:

SeMet inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of
WRO cells in a dose-dependent manner. Then vivo, SeMet significantly suppressed the volume
and weight of PDTC. And SeMet downregulated the expressions of Ki67, PCNA, MMP2,
MMP9 and BCL2, but upregulated that of BAX and Cleaved-Caspase 3. Moreover, SeMet upregulated
the level of LncRNA NOMMMUT014201 both vivo and in vitro. In addition, repression
of LncRNA NOMMMUT014201 removed the inhibition effect of SeMet on WRO cell
growth significantly (p<0.05). Further investigation showed that LncRNA NOMMMUT014201
downregulated the expression of miR-6963-5p in PDTC cells, but miR-6963-5p inhibited the
level of Srprb. In addition, sh-LncRNA NOMMMUT014201 enhanced the proliferation, migration
and invasion but inhibited the apoptosis of WRO cells. However, inhibited miR-6963-5p or
overexpressed Srprb relieved the effects of sh-LncRNA NOMMMUT014201on WRO cells.

Conclusion:

Collectively, SeMet inhibits the growth of PDTC in a dose-dependent manner
through LncRNA NONMMUT014201/miR-6963-5p/Srprb signal pathway, thus suggesting that
SeMet might be a potential drug for PDTC treatment.
Optogenetics: Illuminating the Future of Hearing Restoration and
Understanding Auditory Perception
Authors: Singh Namit Kant , Ramamourthy Balaji , Hage Neemu , Kappagantu Krishna Medha
Published: January 2024

Hearing loss is a prevalent sensory impairment significantly affecting communication
and quality of life. Traditional approaches for hearing restoration, such as cochlear implants, have
limitations in frequency resolution and spatial selectivity. Optogenetics, an emerging field utilizing
light-sensitive proteins, offers a promising avenue for addressing these limitations and revolutionizing
hearing rehabilitation. This review explores the methods of introducing Channelrhodopsin-
2 (ChR2), a key light-sensitive protein, into cochlear cells to enable optogenetic stimulation. Viral-
mediated gene delivery is a widely employed technique in optogenetics. Selecting a suitable viral
vector, such as adeno-associated viruses (AAV), is crucial in efficient gene delivery to cochlear
cells. The ChR2 gene is inserted into the viral vector through molecular cloning techniques,
and the resulting viral vector is introduced into cochlear cells via direct injection or round window
membrane delivery. This allows for the expression of ChR2 and subsequent light sensitivity in targeted
cells. Alternatively, direct cell transfection offers a non-viral approach for ChR2 delivery.
The ChR2 gene is cloned into a plasmid vector, which is then combined with transfection agents
like liposomes or nanoparticles. This mixture is applied to cochlear cells, facilitating the entry of
the plasmid DNA into the target cells and enabling ChR2 expression. Optogenetic stimulation using
ChR2 allows for precise and selective activation of specific neurons in response to light, potentially
overcoming the limitations of current auditory prostheses. Moreover, optogenetics has broader
implications in understanding the neural circuits involved in auditory processing and behavior.
The combination of optogenetics and gene delivery techniques provides a promising avenue for
improving hearing restoration strategies, offering the potential for enhanced frequency resolution,
spatial selectivity, and improved auditory perception.
Recent Advancements in Bioelectronic Medicine: A Review
Authors: Das Sudipta , Ghosh Baishali , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Nayak Amit Kumar
Published: January 2024

:

Bioelectronic medicine is a multidisciplinary field that combines molecular medicine,
neurology, engineering, and computer science to design devices for diagnosing and treating diseases.
The advancements in bioelectronic medicine can improve the precision and personalization of illness
treatment. Bioelectronic medicine can produce, suppress, and measure electrical activity in excitable
tissue. Bioelectronic devices modify specific neural circuits using electrons rather than pharmaceuticals
and uses of bioelectronic processes to regulate the biological processes underlining various diseases.
This promotes the potential to address the underlying causes of illnesses, reduce adverse effects,
and lower costs compared to conventional medication. The current review presents different
important aspects of bioelectronic medicines with recent advancements. The area of bioelectronic
medicine has a lot of potential for treating diseases, enabling non-invasive therapeutic intervention by
regulating brain impulses. Bioelectronic medicine uses electricity to control biological processes,
treat illnesses, or regain lost capability. These new classes of medicines are designed by the technological
developments in the detection and regulation of electrical signaling methods in the nervous
system. Peripheral nervous system regulates a wide range of processes in chronic diseases; it involves
implanting small devices onto specific peripheral nerves, which read and regulate the brain signaling
patterns to achieve therapeutic effects specific to the signal capacity of a particular organ. The potential
for bioelectronic medicine field is vast, as it investigates for treatment of various diseases, including
rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, paralysis, chronic illnesses, blindness, etc.
Real-world Study on the Effect of PARPi as Maintenance Therapy on
Platinum Sensitivity after First- and Second-line Chemotherapy in
Patients with Recurrent High-grade Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Guo Yanglong , Chen Xi , Tang Xuedong , Pan Shan , Zhu Tao , Zhang Yingli
Published: January 2024

Background:

This study investigated the effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors
(PARPi) as maintenance therapy after first- and second-line chemotherapy on platinum sensitivity
in patients with recurrent high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (rHGSOC).

Methods:

This study retrospectively analyzed 172 patients with rHGSOC treated at Zhejiang Cancer
Hospital and Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2017 and December
2021. The 1st-PARPi group comprised patients who received a PARPi as maintenance therapy
after first-line chemotherapy (n=23), and the 1st-control group comprised those who did not (n =
105). Similarly, the 2nd-PARPi group comprised patients not given a PARPi in their first-line
treatment (n = 30), and the 2nd-control group comprised those who were given a PARPi (n = 89).

Results:

Among the 23 patients in the 1st-PARPi group and the 105 patients in the 1st-control
group, nine and 99 were platinum-sensitive, and 14 and six were platinum-resistant, respectively
(hazard ratio [HR]: 14.46, P < 0.0001). Among the 30 patients in the 2nd-PARPi group and 89 patients
in the 2nd-control group, 10 and 71 were platinum-sensitive, and 20 and 18 were platinumresistant,
respectively (HR: 4.37, P < 0.0001). Age, stage, residual tumor, the courses of platinumbased
chemotherapy, and breast cancer susceptibility gene mutations were not associated with platinum
sensitivity when using a PARPi as maintenance therapy after first- and second-line chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

Patients with rHGSOC using a PARPi were more likely to be platinum-sensitive and
develop platinum resistance independent of PARPi duration. Care should be taken when using a
PARPi as maintenance therapy after first- and second-line chemotherapy.
Assessing Lung Function and Quality of Life in COVID-19 Patients: A
Pilot Study
Authors: Fekri Mitra Samareh , Salajegheh Faranak , Zadeh Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei , Nakhaie Mohsen , Bazrafshani Maliheh Sadat , Goharriz Fatemeh , Shahmoradzadeh Miri Mohammad Sadegh
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective:

Respiratory complications of COVID-19 should be considered
as critical concerns that require prompt medical intervention. The aim of this study was to examine
the impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function and quality of life among recovered patients
through a three-month follow-up period.

Methods:

This pilot study aimed to assess the pulmonary functions and quality of life in 32
COVID-19 survivors at Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran. Pulmonary functions were evaluated
using spirometry to evaluate FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEV1/FVC. Quality of life was measured using
the SF-36 questionnaire, which evaluated eight health-related concepts. Statistical analysis
was performed using SPSS v23.

Results:

Among the 32 survivors of COVID-19, 41.6% and 59.4% were male and female, respectively.
The mean length of hospitalization for admitted patients (56.3% of all patients) was 10.89
days. Male survivors exhibited significantly lower values in FEV1 (3.06 vs. 4.05, p = 0.02), PEF
(6.45 vs. 10.58, p = 0.002), and FEF-25-75 (3.17 vs. 4.94, p = 0.008) compared to healthy males
of the same age. For female survivors, all pulmonary indices were significantly lower than healthy
females of the same age. Regarding quality of life, there was no statistical significance between
male and female survivors. However, when compared with healthy populations, survivors obtained
lower scores in various quality-of-life items. Male survivors had notably lower scores in
physical functioning (3.17 vs. 4.94, p = 0.008) and physical role (40.38 vs. 73.8, p = 0.008). Female
survivors scored considerably lower than the healthy population in all quality of life items,
except for role emotional and mental health.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 survivors had lower pulmonary indices and quality of life compared to
healthy individuals of the same sex and age, with female survivors exhibiting worse conditions.
Evaluation of Salivary Glucose and Salivary Cortisol in Association with
Periodontitis in People with Type II Diabetes: A Case-control Study
Authors: de Almeida Felipe Rodrigues , de Sousa Adelaine Maria , de Farias Barbosa Eduardo , Vajgel Bruna de Carvalho Farias , Cimões Renata
Published: January 2024

Background::

The relationship between type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal
disease (PD) has been discussed in recent years and may vary according to the patient's location,
sex, age and family history.

Objective::

In view of this possible association between periodontitis and DM, this study aimed
to evaluate salivary glucose and salivary cortisol levels with periodontitis (staging and degree) in
people with type II diabetes compared to non-diabetic individuals.

Methods::

This was a case-control study, with 60 participants divided into two groups: DM2-
people with type II diabetes (n=30) and NDM- non-diabetic individuals (n=30). For both, a clinical
form and periogram were filled out, and blood samples (glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, and
cortisol) and saliva (glucose and cortisol) were collected.

Results::

The diagnosis of periodontitis was 100% in the DM2 group and 80% in the NDM
group. As for staging and degree, in the DM2 group, 70% of the participants were in stage IV
and 86.67% were in grade C, while in the NDM group, 58.3% of the participants were in stage I
and 70.8% were in grade A. Significant differences were observed for the following variables:
bleeding to probing and clinical attachment level. The laboratory data presented significant results
regarding serum glucose, salivary glucose, and glycated hemoglobin.

Conclusion::

Regarding the influence of salivary glucose and cortisol on periodontal status (staging
and degree), these had higher means in the DM2 group when compared to the NDM group.
An association of salivary glucose and cortisol levels with the periodontal condition presented by
type II diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetic individuals is suggested.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tanzania. A Narrative Review of Epidemiology and Disease Trend
Authors: Chillo Omary , Mzokolo Irene , Peter Elizabeth , Malindisa Evangelista , Thabit Hassan , Tungu Alexander , Njelekela Marina , Balandya Emmanuel
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on a rapid rise in Tanzania, driven
by lifestyle modifications, nutritional changes, and increased obesity rates. This article reviews
the epidemiology, and disease trends of type 2 diabetes in Tanzania and explores the economic
implications and challenges in care, including policy, education, and healthcare systems.

Methodology:

The study employs a narrative literature review from research articles, local
healthcare reports, surveys, and public health records. It evaluates the economic impacts,
healthcare capabilities, and patient behaviors in managing type 2 diabetes in Tanzania.

Results:

The economic burden of diabetes in Tanzania is increasing due to direct healthcare costs,
lost productivity, and reduced quality of life, placing significant pressure on the already resourcelimited healthcare system. Treatment dropout rates are alarmingly high, and healthcare providers'
knowledge of diabetes is insufficient. Insulin and metformin availability are critically low. Cultural norms and dietary habits pose substantial barriers to effective disease management.

Conclusion:

The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Tanzania presents a significant public
health crisis, necessitating comprehensive strategies for prevention, early detection, and effective
disease management. Priorities should include enhancing healthcare infrastructure, increasing
public investment, improving healthcare education, and tackling socio-cultural barriers to disease
management.
The Counteracting Effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the Function and
Growth of Insulin-secreting NIT-1 Cells
Authors: Lin Xiuhong , Wang Xiaoyun , Feng Weilian , Wan Yan , Chai Jiani , Li Feng , Xu Mingtong
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

China now has the highest number of diabetes in the world. Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes insulin resistance by acting on the insulin signaling pathway of peripheral
target tissues. However, its effect on islet β-cells remains unclear. The possible role of Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] as an antagonist to the effects of Ang II and in treating diabetes needs to be
elucidated.

Objectives:

To assess the effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the function and growth of islet β
cell line NIT-1, which is derived from the islets of non-obese diabetic/large T-antigen (NOD/LT)
mice with insulinoma.

Methods:

NIT-1 cells were treated with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and their respective receptor antagonists. The impact on cell function and growth was then evaluated.

Results:

Ang II significantly reduced insulin-stimulated IR-β-Tyr and Akt-Ser; while Ang-(1-7),
saralasin (an Ang II receptor antagonist), and diphenyleneiodonium [DPI, a nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) antagonist] reversed the inhibiting effect. Conversely,
Ang II significantly increased insulin-stimulated intracellular H2O2 and P47 phox, while
saralasin and DPI reverted the effect. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) reduced the elevated concentrations of ROS and MDA while increasing the proliferation rate that was reduced by high glucose,
all of which were reversed by A-779, an antagonist of the Mas receptor (MasR).

Conclusion:

Angiotensin II poses a negative regulatory effect on insulin signal transduction, increases oxidative stress, and may inhibit the transcription of insulin genes stimulated by insulin
in NIT-1 cells. Meanwhile, angiotensin-(1-7) blocked these effects via MasR. These results corroborate the rising potential of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in treating diabetes.
Evaluation of Clozapine-induced Toxicities in Psychic Patients in Mental
Health Care Hospitals in the Southern Region of the Saudi Arabia
Kingdom
Authors: Alassiry Mohammed Zayed , Al-Jmaai Yazeed Hussein , Qhtani Ali Eissa , Almushafi Mohammed Ayed , Hassan Hassan Saeed
Published: January 2024

Background:

Clozapine is a psychiatric medication that may cause various side effects,
some of them may be serious and fatal adverse effects, such as severe neutropenia, agranulocytosis,
lymphocytopenia, myocarditis, and orthostatic hypotension, that have been associated to an increased
risk of death.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the serious and potentially fatal adverse effects of clozapine
toxicity in psychic patients at mental health care hospitals in the Southern region of the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

By using a survey, data were retrospectively collected from 193 adult psychic patient reports
who have been administrated clozapine with regular follow-ups, in mental health hospitals in
the Southern region of Saudi Arabia between 2019 and 2021. Then, these data are recorded and analyzed
Statistically using SPSS software, with suitable tests, and predetermined statistical significance
(p-value) of less than 0.001.

Results:

The occurrence of agranulocytosis, neutropenia, hypotension, and seizures showed a highly
significant correlation with higher doses of clozapine administration (i.e. p < 0.001). Similarly, agranulocytosis
and neutropenia were significantly associated with the occurrence of both hypotension and
seizures (i.e. p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The collected data in this study showed an increased incidence of agranulocytosis and
neutropenia associated with clozapine-treated psychic patients in the Southern region of the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia which warrants further clinical studies to find this correlation.
Association between Body Fat Percentage and Cardiometabolic Diseases in
General Population
Authors: Si Jiayi , Kang Lina , Liu Yihai
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

The body fat percentage is an indicator of overall body fat related to metabolism
and inflammation. Our study aims to analyze the association between body fat percentage
and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in the general population.

Methods:

This was a retrospectively cross-sectional study. A total of 5084 participants enrolled
from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycle of 1999-2004 were divided
into quartiles according to their body fat percent levels. The body fat percentage was measured
from bioelectrical impedance analysis. A history of cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular
disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, was ascertained from questionnaire, physical
or laboratory examination. The association between body fat percentage and cardiometabolic
diseases was investigated using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

Compared with the lowest quartile of body fat percentage, the multivariate-adjusted
odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of the highest quartile was 3.99 (1.58-10.88) for cardiovascular
disease, 1.08 (1.04-1.13) for hypertension and 3.08 (1.89-5.11) for diabetes. Body fat
percentage independently increased the risk of cardiometabolic diseases as a continuous variable.

Conclusions:

Higher body fat percentage level was associated with a higher likelihood of cardiometabolic
diseases, which could be a powerful predictive factor.
Cuspal Deflection and Marginal Integrity of Class II Cavities Restored with Bulk-fill Resin Composites
Authors: Duarte Renata Webster , Somacal Deise Caren , Braga Lauanda Rodrigues , Borges Gilberto Antonio , Spohr Ana Maria
Published: January 2024

Objective:

This laboratory study aims to assess the cuspal deflection, adaptation, and marginal sealing of premolars restored with bulk-fill resin composites.

Methods:

Fourty-four premolars received class II preparations (distal and mesial boxes located 1 mm above and 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction, respectively). The teeth were distributed into four groups according to the resin composite used for restoration (n=11): G1 (control): Filtek Z250 XT; G2: Filtek Bulk-Fill; G3: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill; G4: Aura Bulk-Fill. A digital micrometer was used to measure the cuspal deflection before and after the restorative procedures. Replicas in epoxy resin of the restored teeth were achieved before and after thermal cycles. The cervical margins were observed by SEM at 200x magnification to obtain the percentage of continuous margins (%CM). After thermal cycles, the samples were immersed in a silver nitrate solution, and the microleakage was analyzed in the cervical margins.

Results:

ANOVA showed no significant differences in the cuspal deflection and %CM among the resin composites. Student’s t-test showed a significant decrease in the %CM after thermal cycles for all resin composites at the cervical margin in dentin. There was higher microleakage at the dentin margin for all the resin composites.

Conclusion:

Bulk-fill resin composites had comparable behavior to a conventional composite in regard to the cuspal deflection, adaptation, and marginal sealing parameters.
Effect of the Diameter and Preparation Method of the Occlusal Screw Access Channel on Fracture Resistance of Cement-retained Implant-supported Posterior Monolithic Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Ahmadi Yasin Sheikh , Koodaryan Rodabeh , Hafezeqoran Ali
Published: January 2024

Background:

The favorable fracture resistance of implant-supported crowns is important. Zirconia crowns can be an acceptable treatment in relation to metal‒ceramic crowns for achieving the best clinical success.

Objective:

The present study evaluated the effect of the diameter and preparation method of the occlusal screw access channel on the fracture resistance of cement-retained implant-supported posterior monolithic zirconia crowns for their retrievability.

Methods:

Fifty-six implant-supported posterior multi-layer monolithic zirconia crowns were designed. Twenty pieces with an initial occlusal channel were designed with 2.3 and 3.5 mm diameters (n =10 each). In addition, 30 pieces with an intact occlusal surface as the control group or the crowns in which the occlusal channel was prepared with a bur were designed in 10 and 20 samples, respectively. Six additional crowns were also designed for SEM evaluations after their preparation with a bur.

Results:

The maximum fracture resistance value was recorded in the control group, followed by the initial access channel group with a 2.3 mm diameter. The minimum fracture resistance value was recorded in crowns with a 3.5-mm diameter hole prepared with a bur. The mean fracture strength in the groups with a 2.3 mm diameter was higher than in groups with a 3.5 mm diameter (P<0.05). Cracks in samples prepared with a bur were seen under SEM.

Conclusion:

This study showed that using an initial access hole with a diameter of 2.3 mm is the best choice in hybrid implant-supported crowns. However, when it is necessary to prepare an access hole with a bur, it should be done with the smallest possible diameter.
Uncommon Restoration on Nonvital Premolar with Porcelain Inlay: A Case Report with Five-year Follow-up
Authors: ChebiL Mohamed , Ziada Saida , Gassara Yosra , Hadyaoui Dalenda
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

In fixed prosthodontics, the old paradigm on endodontically treated teeth leads to more fragilization due to the architectural preparation needed for a full coverage crown. Endodontically treated premolars with class II defects are common in daily practice. When only one proximal surface is affected, direct adhesive restorations are the most used. The use of porcelain inlay is quite uncommon in this situation despite its advantages.

Case Presentation:

This article illustrates a clinical case of a 31-year-old female with healthy teeth except for the non-vital first maxillary premolar, presenting a class II mesio-occlusal cavity. The occlusion exam revealed functional anterior guidance and canine guidance on both sides during lateral mandibular translation. Based on mini-invasive dentistry principles, the decision was to restore the nonvital bicuspid with a porcelain inlay. Although scientific literature did not report restoration of the premolars with a ceramic inlay in clinical practice, this option was retained. The realization of a porcelain inlay was described step by step. A follow-up up to 5 years was done.

Results:

The iatrogenic tooth fragilization was avoided by a mini-invasive approach.

At the end of this follow-up period, there was no complication or complaint. The patient was satisfied with the final result.

Conclusion:

Porcelain inlay seems to be a good option to restore the occluso-proximal cavity on nonvital premolars in a context of a favourable occlusion. Porcelain inlay is respectful of the principles of minimally invasive dentistry and allows to achieve the objectives of function, aesthetics and biocompatibility. However, clinical studies should be conducted to investigate the longevity of porcelain inlay on ETPs.
Combination of Metformin and Laser against Head and Neck Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Ebrahimi Ghasem , Abdolahinia Elaheh Dalir , Pouya Parnia , Jalili Bolhasani Amirabbas , Sharifi Simin , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Metformin is a common drug for the treatment of diabetic patients. This drug has been shown to have anti-cancer effects. Metformin acts through the AMPK/mTOR pathway against cancer cells. We hypothesized that metformin, in combination with laser as photodynamic therapy (PDT), may increase cytotoxicity for cancer treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of metformin combined with laser irradiation on head and neck cancer cells.

Methods:

The anti-cancer effect of metformin was evaluated using head and neck cancer cells (HN5 cells) and oral cavity normal cells (HUGU) cells in vitro. Cell viability and phototoxicity were assessed with the MTT assay. Evaluation of protein expression of p-mTOR and mTOR genes was evaluated with the western blot method.

Results:

The results showed that the toxic effect of metformin on HN5 cells was dose- and time-dependent. Metformin had significantly more cytotoxic effects on cancer cells than HUGU normal cells. The laser increased the cytotoxic effect of metformin in HUGU and HN5 cells significantly (p<0.05). Metformin down-regulated the level of p-mTOR/mTOR protein, and despite the decreased ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR, the laser has affected the performance of metformin on p-mTOR/mTOR.

Discussion:

In this study, we used the laser without using a photosensitizer, but the simultaneous use of laser light and metformin increased the lethality of metformin on cells, which requires further research to determine whether metformin itself is a functional photosensitizer.

Conclusion:

: This study introduces the combination of metformin and laser as a new anti-tumor treatment that needs further studies.
Spatial Association between Socioeconomic Factors, Physical Geographic Factors, and Suicide in Thailand
Authors: Poonsiri Naphalai , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Puttanapong Nattapong , Mahato Roshan Kumar
Published: January 2024

Background:

Suicide is a significant cause of death in many countries worldwide. In Thailand, it ranks second in unnatural deaths, following accidents, with an increasing trend. This study aims to 1) describe the spatial distribution of suicide rates and 2) identify the spatial relationships among socioeconomic status, physical geography and suicide rates during the years 2012–2021.

Methods:

This study sought to explain the spatial distribution of suicide rates across provinces in Thailand from 2012 to 2021. The spatial relationships were analyzed using LISA and spatial regression.

Results:

The result obtained from univariate LISA indicated a concentration of suicide rates in the northern region of Thailand for the period from 2012 to 2021. Spatial regression analysis using OLS, SLM and SEM demonstrated the relationships between suicide rates and various variables, such as divorce rates, poverty rates, elderly proportions and NDWI. These factors exhibited a positive correlation with suicide rates and were statistically significant. Conversely, the NTL density and average rainfall displayed a negative correlation with suicide rates.

Conclusion:

Our study observed that the distribution of divorce rates, poverty population proportion, elderly population proportion and the normalized difference water index were likely to be associated with enhancing the suicide rate. However, the intensity of average Night-Time-Light (NTL) was observed to reduce the suicidal rate. Therefore, these present findings can be utilised in the development of policy as well as strategies concerning surveillance, control and prevention of suicide in Thailand.
SIFAT KIMIA BIOCHAR PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT DARI NEGERI LAMA SEBERANG, KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU
Authors: Reynaldi Bayu , Septyani Ika Ayu Putri , Walida Hilwa , Rizal Khairul
Published: January 2024

Oil palm fronds are waste products of oil palm plantations that are not utilized, yet oil palm fronds can be converted to biochar to improve soil fertility. This study aimed to analyze the chemical properties of the biochar generated from oil palm fronds. A pot experiment was conducted in Negeri Lama Seberang Village, Labuhanbatu District, Rantauprapat. The biochar formulation consisted of two formulations, i.e., A = pure biochar  (biochar in its original form) and B = granule biochar (biochar + tapioca flour). Each biochar form was repeated five times to obtain ten samples. The results of biochar laboratory analysis were continued with statistical tests based on the dependent t-test at the 5% level using Microsoft Excel. The results showed that biochar granules had chemical characteristics such as organic C of 32.78%, N of 2.39%, P of  0.18, K of 0.75%, and pH of 8.07. These values showed that granule biochar has better chemical characteristics than pure biochar.
ANALISIS KAPASITAS INFILTRASI LAHAN PERTANIAN DI SUB DAS KALISARI, MALANG
Authors: Nita Istika , Ayuningtyas Priska , Prijono Sugeng , Putra Aditya Nugraha
Published: January 2024

Watershed hydrological conditions can decrease due to changes in land use and inappropriate land management. One of the watershed functions is providing water availability for agricultural areas. Along with the increasing area of agricultural land, there is often the issue of water availability, which has implications for the low opportunity for plants to use it. Infiltration is the initial process of water entry into the soil, so the availability of water is greatly influenced by this process. Agricultural land in the Kalisari sub-watershed is dry land and is dominated by dry fields. The area of the Kalisari sub-watershed has an area of ±5,000 ha divided into 5 land uses, namely mahogany-coffee agroforestry, pine-coffee agroforestry, scrub, dry land, and paddy fields. Infiltration measurements were spread over 43 measurement points, with the observed parameters being texture, bulk density, porosity, permeability, aggregate stability, and soil organic matter. The infiltration rate for all land uses is very fast (>25 cm hour-1), ranging from 12.00 cm hour-1 to 74.37 cm hour-1. The infiltration rate for all land uses was not significantly different; this was in line with soil properties, which included texture, bulk density (0.61-1.02 g cm-3), porosity (51.02-68.06%), permeability (4.88–6.79 cm hour-1), aggregate stability (2.11–3.34 mm), and organic matter (1.61-4.06%). However, the infiltration rate at the study site had a significant relationship with clay (r = -0.77), sand (r = 0.64), silt (r = 0.52) and soil organic matter   (r = 0.48).
KAJIAN BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING PADA LAHAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT BERBEDA UMUR DI SEI DAUN, KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Sihaloho Elisa Putri Br , Afany Miseri Roeslan , Peniwiratri Lelanti
Published: January 2024

Red-yellow podzolic soils are generally acidic and have poor chemical properties, so tolerant plants such as oil palm plants are needed. This research was to determine the effect of differences in the age of oil palms on the chemical properties of the Sei Daun plantation soil. The research was conducted in December 2022 using the method of purposive sampling according to plant age. Samples were taken from 5 lands with oil palm ages 8 years, 14 years, 16 years, and 25 years, as well as land without plants, 5 points were determined from each land, and each point was separated into 3 depths, namely 0-20 cm, 20-50 cm, and 50-70 cm, the 5 points were composited according to depth, producing 3 samples per field. The results of the analysis of soil chemical properties show that increasing the age of oil palm causes soil pH, thereby reducing available P, total N, exchangeable K, and CEC of soil, but increasing soil organic C, also increasing Fe-NH4OAC, Mn-NH4OAC, exchangeable Al but still in low value. Increasing the age of oil palms can lower the soil pH, thereby reducing the availability of nutrients. Fertilizer doses can be adjusted according to the age of the plant because the older it is, the more nutrients the plant absorbs.
PENGGUNAAN MULSA PLASTIK SEBAGAI UPAYA KONSERVASI LAHAN UNTUK MENJAGA STABILITAS SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA TANAH
Authors: Sudartini Tini , Fitria Anita Dwy , Yulianto Yanto , Undang Undang
Published: January 2024

Low nutrient availability and high soil bulk density are caused by the loss of fertile soil particles due to the kinetic energy of rain. Land management that does not apply conservation principles such as soil covering is one of the factors causing this to happen. This research was conducted to determine the impact of using plastic mulch as one of conservation actions. This research was conducted at the experimental field University of Siliwangi, Mugarsari. Soil samples were taken from mulched and without mulch lands as treatments. Soil samples were collected at 0-10 and 10-30 cm soil depths. Soil samples were taken to analyze the chemical properties of the soils (i.e., pH H2O, organic C, total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, Na) and physical properties (i.e., soil bulk density, porosity, water content, and texture). The results showed that the use of mulch had a significant effect (p<0.05) on pH H2O, organic C, total N, available P, exchangeable K, exchangeable Ca, bulk density, and water content. The results of the correlation showed that increasing organic C in mulched land had an effect on decreasing BD (r = -0.739). In addition, the organic C increased soil porosity (r = 0.612). Meanwhile, soil depth had no effect (p>0.05) on soil chemical and physical properties.
STATUS KESUBURAN TANAH PADA LAHAN SAWAH DILINDUNGI YANG BERALIH FUNGSI DI KAPANEWON SEYEGAN, KABUPATEN SLEMAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hermansyah Alvin Dwi , Partoyo Partoyo , Virgawati Sari
Published: January 2024

The conversion of rice fields in Seyegan is suspected to occur due to low soil fertility. This study was conducted to analyze the extent and distribution of conversion of rice fields associated with soil fertility status. This study used a survey method, purposive determination of sample points on rice fields representing the converted rice fields, and soil samples were taken compositely. Data analysis used spatial analysis, graphs, and laboratory tests. The parameters tested were cation exchange capacity (CEC), Base Saturation, potential P2O5, potential K2O, and organic C. Determination of soil fertility status was based on The Technical Guidelines For Soil Fertility Evaluation of Soil Research Center. The results showed that the area of rice fields in Seyegan District in 2015-2022 decreased by 55.26 ha (3.76%), with an average annual decrease of 7.89 ha. The soil fertility status in rice fields converted into settlements was very low to medium, rice fields into dryland and poultry farming were medium, and rice fields into shrubs and factories were low. The limiting factors of soil fertility were CEC and organic C.
ANALISIS BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PADA DUA MACAM PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI SUNGAI KAKAP, KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA, KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Fadilla Ulfia , Nusantara Rossie Wiedya , Manurung Rinto
Published: January 2024

Paddy fields and mixed farming apply intensive agricultural cultivation, and sustainable land use causes changes in land quality, one of which affects soil chemical properties. This study aimed to compare soil chemical properties based on differences in the use of paddy fields and mixed farming in Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan. Research in the field in Pal IX Village, Sungai Kakap Sub-district, Kubu Raya Regency, for sampling soil samples at 0-20 cm depth. Soil analysis was conducted at the Chemistry and Soil Fertility Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University. The results showed that the two fields, paddy fields, and mixed farming, had almost the same chemical properties in paddy fields pH, organic C,  available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable Ca and exchangeable Mg.
EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN PERTANIAN UNTUK TANAMAN JAGUNG DI KECAMATAN KUALUH HILIR, LABUHAN BATU UTARA, SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Manalu Febbry Vebilola , Novira Nina , Siahaan Hana Margaretha , Fortunata Lisna Anggia , Rahmadhini Novi Tri , Harahap Rika Sylvia
Published: January 2024

Land suitability is one method used to assess the suitability of a commodity to be cultivated sustainably on land. This research aimed to highlight the issue of agricultural land for maize in Kulah Hilir District, Labuhan Batu Regency, North Sumatra. The method used in this research is the matching evaluation method (weight factor match). The data used in this research is secondary data sourced from research data in the form of rice agricultural land suitability data with the title Evaluation of Land Suitability for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Kualuh Hilir District, Labuhanbatu Regency. North, North Sumatra. This research showed that the land suitability class of corn in Kualuh Hilir District, North Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra, using the weight factor matching method, is in class S2, "quite suitable" for planting corn plants. There are two limiting factors in land adjustment from rice plant data for corn plants; namely, the limiting factor for nutrient retention (nr) is only (base saturation (%)) and pH H2O with a land suitability level of "marginal suitability" S3 but improvements can be made to increase the class. The suitability of the land with the addition of organic materials and lime ameliorant materials with low to medium input can increase the potential suitability class of the land to S2.
PENGARUH PELAPISAN BENIH (SEED COATING) DAN CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Nisfiyah Lailatin , Rahman Fahmi Arief , Supriyadi Slamet
Published: January 2024

Part of the dry land in Madura developed from parent material, namely sand sediments which have a low organic matter content. This study aimed to determine differences in the effectiveness of corn seed coating materials from bentonite, biochar, lignite, and biochar compost on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions. This study was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory and screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, using a completely randomized design. The treatments tested in this study comprised two factors. The first factor was the treatment of coating materials, namely C0 = without coating (control), C1 = bentonite coating, C2 = biochar coating, C3 = lignite coal coating, and C4 = biochar compost coating. The second factor is the level of drought stress, namely K0 = control (100% KL moisture), K1 = Light stress (80% KL moisture), K2 = moderate stress (60% KL moisture), and K3 = severe stress (40% KL moisture). The results showed that the combination of seed coating agent treatment and drought stress had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, age of male and female flowers, cob length, cob diameter without husks, biomass dry weight, and production potential per hectare. The coal coating material and light drought stress 80% KL (C3K1) was the best combination of seed coating and drought stress treatment.
PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS DAN MIKORIZA UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI KESUBURAN TANAH, PERTUMBUHAN SERTA PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata)
Authors: Rajagukguk Reinhard Novando , Nuraini Yulia
Published: January 2024

Inceptisols dominate Indonesia's land area; therefore, future utilization needs to be maximized, especially land that has undergone extensive tillage continuously. Inceptisols have low levels of essential nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. One of the efforts that can be made to improve nutrient content is the application of compost. This study aimed to investigate the effect of compost combined with mycorrhiza on total N, available P, exchangeable K, and soil organic C, as well as the growth and yield of sweet corn. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments with three replications. Each observation parameter was analyzed using the F test at the 5% level. Parameters that significantly affected the F test were followed by the DMRT test at the 5% level. All observed data were tested for correlation using SPSS V24 to see the relationship between observation parameters. The results showed that the application of a combination of compost and mycorrhizae increased total N content by 78.7%, available P by 26.6%, soil organic C by 29.54%, plant height by 143.87cm, number of leaves by 11.33 leaves,  and cob weight by 294.33 g compared to control. The correlation test showed that applying a combination of compost and mycorrhiza affected N in the soil, so the growth and yield of corn were higher.
Editorial
Authors: Figueiró Adriano Severo , Heck Simon Adriano Luis , Palacio Prieto José Luis
Published: January 2024

Editorial
O Museu de Ciências Naturais da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa como atrativo turístico
Authors: Santos Christopher Vinicius , Eschiletti Natália Augusta Rothmann , Vale Tatiane Ferrari do , Liccardo Antonio , Moreira Jasmine Cardozo
Published: January 2024

Os museus de ciências naturais são instituições importantes para as estratégias de turismo e interpretação do patrimônio natural, e se configuram como espaços de promoção e divulgação geocientíficas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo evidenciar a importância do patrimônio geológico ex situ apresentado em exposições museológicas para atividades de turismo ou geoturismo no Museu de Ciências Naturais da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (MCN), localizado em Ponta Grossa (Paraná). A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa é qualitativa, exploratória e in loco. Durante a coleta de dados foram realizadas visitas à exposição de geodiversidade do MCN para estabelecer possíveis relações com o turismo. Com este estudo é possível considerar que o referido museu deve ser considerado um atrativo turístico, de modo que também seja integrado às estratégias de planejamento turístico e alcance novos públicos interessados na geodiversidade.