bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on good governance in Tanzania
Authors: Komba Coretha
Published: June 2024

This study evaluates the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on good governance in Tanzania, amidst challenges such as limited technology access, low digital literacy, and regulatory constraints. Employing a survey research design with a descriptive approach, the research engaged 384 public officials selected via stratified sampling. Data collection was executed through questionnaires, and analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, a probit model for determining ICT adoption determinants, and an ordinary least squares (OLS) model to assess the effects of ICT adoption on governance. The results underscore the critical role of ICT, especially mobile communication services and internet usage, in enhancing governance. The probit model findings reveal that factors like age, working experience, and regulatory environment significantly influence ICT adoption, suggesting that both personal and contextual attributes drive technology uptake. Meanwhile, the OLS model indicates that increased ICT adoption correlates strongly with improved public service accessibility, greater transparency, and enhanced citizen participation in governance. However, responses vary concerning ICT's role in promoting accountability and effective decision-making, highlighting areas with mixed perceptions and suggesting the need for nuanced approaches to leverage technology fully. These insights underscore the necessity for comprehensive strategies and informed actions, stakeholders can effectively utilize ICT to improve transparency, enhance citizen engagement, and boost overall governance effectiveness.
An investigation on the prevalence of drug and substance abuse in Mathare slums, Nairobi County, Kenya.
Authors: Chepkemoi Kibet Faith , K' Okul Florence
Published: June 2024

This study sought to investigate the prevalence of drug and substance abuse in Mathare slums, Nairobi County, Kenya. Drug and substance abuse involves the misuse of drugs or chemicals, leading to addiction. It affects the general populace by increasing healthcare costs, reducing productivity, contributing to crime, and causing social and familial disruptions. The theoretical framework applied in this study was Bowen’s Family System Theory. The theory provides an invaluable perspective for analyzing the intricate relationships among families dealing with drug and substance dependence. The descriptive research design guided the study in collecting, analyzing and interpreting both the quantitative and qualitative data. Households were chosen from 13 villages in Mathare slums in Nairobi involving a total target of 42997 households. The researcher adopted both non-probability and probability sampling techniques where Yamane (1967) formula was used to calculate a sample size of 396. The study identifies high rates of substance abuse, particularly alcohol and cannabis, and examines their detrimental effects on family communication, financial stability, and domestic harmony. The findings highlight the socio- economic challenges faced by affected families and underscore the need for targeted interventions. Recommendations include enhancing awareness and education programs, establishing accessible rehabilitation and counseling services, engaging and empowering the community through youth initiatives and job creation, and strengthening law enforcement and policy regulations. Collaborative efforts between government, NGOs, and the private sector, alongside continuous research and impact assessments, are essential for effectively reducing substance abuse and improving the socio-economic well-being of families in Mathare. The study also calls for stringent government policies to control drug use in slum areas.
Effect of cullet pozzolanic properties on the compressive strength of cementitious bricks
Authors: Ajadi M.O.
Published: June 2024

The hardened reactivity and adhesive force of cementitious properties in brick derivation indurates compaction strength and resistant performance during loading. This characteristic is evidenced in the pozzolanic reactivity of cullet-cement adhesion, which influences the brick's performance under compressive loading and resistance at break. The study investigates the behaviour of the cullet in cementitious compositions during compressive force and resistance limit to the load at break. Three supplementary cementitious materials (cullet, river sand, and granite dust) were used to mould 30 specimens of cementitious bricks and water cured for 28 days. These SCMs were mechanically pulverised into the finest particle size density (Kg/m3) for densification characteristic of the bricks and elemental properties were determined through Particle Induce X-ray Emission. The materials were comparatively sole and intermixed with equal cement replacement of 6-10% (SP1-5) for examination of compaction technique and compressive strength. The study unveiled the pozzolanic reactivity of the cullet, and at a high level of compaction, the resistant capacity of cullet is suitable for brick derivation in civil structures. The adhesive strength of bricks made with cullet and its intermixture have a higher linear resistance with the increase in cement as a stabiliser, but bricks that are made with river sand have a lower linear resistance during compressive loading. The compressive strength of cullet-compacted bricks (CL-CM) for the five specimens1-5 were 1.25, 1.31, 1.37, 1.45, and 1.59MPa respectively. In comparison, river sand (RS-CM) has a strength density of 1.16, 1.23, 1.31, 1.39, 1.47MPa, and granite dust (GD-CM) has a strength density of 1.24, 1.29, 1.37, 1.42, 1.52MPa. An intermixture of cullet induces cement strength at deterioration of river sand specimens (CL-RS-CM) which proved its partial cement replacement in structural solidity of concrete and reduction in carbonic emission of cement
Assessment of information dissemination channels for the adoption of integrated pest management among large-scale farmers in Uasin Gishu, Kenya
Authors: Cherotich N. , Mireri C.
Published: June 2024

Integrated pest management (IPM) is a long-term management practice involving cultural, biological, and physical methods. Chemical control is only applied where other techniques are ineffective and pesticides that only kill the target organisms are selected to minimize environmental pollution. This paper examines the different IPM practices adopted and information dissemination channels for the adoption of these practices among large-scale farmers in Soy sub-county. The study surveyed a total of 155 large-scale farmers from 13 locations in Soy sub-county. The study employed a survey research design and collected data through household questionnaires and a focus group discussion schedule with the farmers association. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data where tables, graphs, and pie charts were used in presenting the quantitative data. Data from the focus group discussion schedule was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings showed that natural IPM methods adopted were cultural, physical, and biological practices. The chemical methods adopted were herbicides, insecticides, and fertilizers. The respondents obtained information on IPM practices through farmer-to-farmer training, field exhibitions, farmer field days, television, radio, and extension officers. As a result, there was inadequate information on complex practices of natural IPM practices as they required proper training hence the main dependence on chemical control methods due to their quick and guaranteed results in crop yields. The pesticides used were glyphosates, carbamates, and organophosphates which are mainly non-selective, highly toxic, and carcinogenic some of which are counterfeit products contributing to environmental pollution, animal, and human health risks.
Examining the resilience of construction supply chains to disruptions triggered by Covid-19 in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Olubajo O.O. , Olusola E.A.
Published: June 2024

Disruptions are a concern to construction practitioners because it hinders work flow and construction activities. Research into disruptions in construction work tends to focus on the causes of disruptions in the flow of materials or labour. Another theme in the literature focuses on the relationship between disruptions and the performance of sectors in construction. However, investigations that examine the resilience of construction supply chains to incidents of disruptions are limited. This study aims at examining the resilience of construction supply chains to disruption triggered by Covid-19 in Abuja. The study adopted a survey approach, and data was obtained from structured questionnaires administered online to 90 stakeholders and 70 participants involved in different aspects of construction responded. The study found that contractual disputes and scarcity of materials ranked highest as the effects of disruption and that construction practitioners adapted to the disruptions majorly by reducing the number of material requisitions or by integrating equipment to cater for the shortage of workers. The study argues that members of construction supply chains responded to disruption triggered by Covid-19 with changes and adapted the way they worked or operated as acts of resilience.
Assessment of seismic survey line cutting on mangroves in the Kalabari region of River State, Nigeria
Authors: Akpomrere R. , Ogbijara U. , Eyo E. , Okwuashi O.
Published: June 2024

Seismic survey line cutting is a common practice in the oil and gas industry. This research, in the Kalabari region of River State, Nigeria, assessed the impact of seismic survey line cutting on mangrove ecosystems from 1996 to 2012/2013. Employing field surveys, visual on-spot analysis, and mathematical calculations, the study showed a significant increase in mangrove tree densities in newer lines, indicating potential facilitated access for harvesting. T-test analysis demonstrated a statistically significant variance in mangrove tree densities cut between the old and new lines. The study reveals that cuts made in 1996 still had visible impacts in 2013, indicating long-term nature of the damage. The surveyed area was divided into grids for assessment, totalling 333.97 km2, with 4.18 km2 impacted by seismic line cuts. The findings suggest that 13 square metres of mangroves were destroyed per square kilometre due to these activities, highlighting significant harm to the ecosystems. Understanding these impacts is vital for effective conservation and sustainable management practices. The study recommends extensive revegetation efforts for restoration in the area.
Physicochemical and heavy mineral characterization of soil and groundwater from Ekehuan (Asoro) dumpsite, Benin City
Authors: Salami S. A. , Ima-Ibizugbe L.O. , Itiowe K.
Published: June 2024

Physicochemical and heavy mineral tests were carried out on soil, groundwater, river water, and leachate samples in order determine the negative impact of the dumpsite on soils and groundwater around the Upper Ekehuan (Asoro) dumpsite. A total of forty-two (42) samples consisting of thirty-six (36) soil / sediment, three (3) groundwater, two (2) river water samples (upstream and downstream) and one (1) leachate sample were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The pH analysis revealed values between 6.19-9.21 indicating that the soil tested are slightly acidic to slightly alkaline; while groundwater samples have pH ranges between 5.08-5.58; river water samples have values of pH between 6.52 and 6.55 and leachate has a value of 6.82. The result of soil samples shows that the concentration of Cd (1.83 mg/kg), Cr (6.31 mg/kg), Pb (3.32 mg/kg), Mn (15.04 mg/kg) and Ni (3.39 mg/kg) were much lower than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The soil samples have low to intermediate leaching potentials [(30-49%) - (50-69%) sand fraction]. The average values for Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni and Cr are lower than the severe effect range of the New York Sediment Criteria and the high effect range of the sediment quality criteria. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDQW) maximum allowed limits were exceeded by the leachate's concentration of heavy metals such Ni, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Pb as well as turbidity.
Effect of Bi-Herbal Formula of Picralima Nitida and Cymbopogon Citratus Aqueous Leaf Extracts On Cyclooxygenase-2 and Interleukin-10 Gene Expressions in Phenyl-Hydrazine Induced Anaemia in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Obazelu P. A. , Ogiza F. O.
Published: June 2024

Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus has been associated with anti-inflammatory and hematopoietic properties, hinting at their potential effectiveness in addressing the complications of anaemia. Investigating their impact on the gene expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) can provide insights into their modes of operation and capacity to regulate inflammatory pathways and immune responses linked to anaemia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bi-herbal formula of Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus aqueous leaf extracts on COX-2 and IL-10 gene expressions in Phenyl Hydrazine-Induced Anaemia in Albino Wistar rats. A total of sixty adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into six groups; A, B, C, D, E and F representing control, phenyl-hydrazine group, ferrous sulphate group, phenyl-hydrazine + 100mg/kg bi-herbal formulation of Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus, phenyl-hydrazine+ 200mg/kg bi-herbal formulation of Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus and phenyl-hydrazine + 400mg/kg bi-herbal formulation of Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus respectively. mRNA COX-2 and mRNA IL-10 were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Data obtained was analysed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. There was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of COX-2 of groups C, D, E and F when compared to groups A and B (p<0.05). There was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of IL-10 of groups C, D, E and F when compared to groups A and B (p<0.05). In conclusion, the mRNA expression of COX-2 and IL-10 showed significant up-regulation in response to the bi-herbal formulation.
Potential of Castor Seed (Ricinus communis) for Remediation of Petroleum Products Contaminated Soil in Billiri, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Salau A. O. , Bwala S. J. , Doka D. Y.
Published: June 2024

Petroleum products consist of hazardous chemicals such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and naphthalene, which can be detrimental to all parts of the ecosystem, especially the land. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the potential of castor seed (Ricinus communis) for remediation of petroleum products contaminated soil in Billiri, Gombe State, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. Tests results showed that the petroleum products significantly altered the physicochemical properties, heavy metals and THC of the soil. The soil porosity decreased from 76.20% to 36.5%; the soil pH decreased from 7.10 to 6.0; the THC increased from 0.268 mg/kg to 878.4 mg/kg while heavy metals content such as copper level increased from 17.20 mg/kg to 53.9 mg/kg; the lead content increased from 10.39 mg/kg to 16.0 mg/kg; while the iron content increased from 31.72 mg/kg to 63.4 mg/kg after the contamination. After the 14 weeks phytoremediation period, Ricinus communis was able to degrade the THC in the soil from 878.4 mg/kg to 254 mg/kg while also showing potential for the degradation of other heavy metals in the soil.
Lead Acetate-induced Changes in Haematological Indices and Bone Marrow of Adult Wistar Rats: Protective Role of α-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
Authors: Momodu O. I. , Idemudia O. U.
Published: June 2024

Lead exposure has been associated with several adverse health effects involving multiple body systems and organ failure. Hence, the objective of this paper was to the effects of α-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) on haematological indices and bone marrow of lead acetate (LA)-exposed adult Wistar rats. Twenty (20) adult Wistar rats (n=5) were randomly assigned as follows: Control group (A) received 1ml of distilled water; Group B received 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of LA; Group C received 50 mg/kg BW of α-Tocopherol and 100 mg/kg BW of LA; Group D received 50 mg/kg BW α-Tocopherol only. All administrations, via an oral gavage, lasted for twenty-eight days. Following the sacrifice of experimental rats, blood samples were collected in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid bottles for hematological analysis and the femur of rats were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological evaluation. Results showed that the haematological indices in group B rats were significantly different (P<0.05) when compared to control. Also, the histological findings in group B rats revealed mild hypoplasia of the haematopoietic cells with severe vacuolations following comparison to control. However, in group C rats treated with α-Tocopherol, the adverse effects of LA were attenuated. Rats in group D showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in the parameters investigated when compared to control. Conclusively, results from this study showed that α-Tocopherol can mitigate the toxic effects of lead on the haematological system, and further studies are needed to corroborate these findings and investigate the mechanisms of action.
Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors: An Overview
Authors: Agu S. O. , Government R. M.
Published: June 2024

This review, mainly paid attention to how supercapacitor electrodes are made in order to increase energy transfer and storage, so that, superior performance energy and power density  can be gained as excellent operating conditions plus long cycling life is attained. Review shows that specific capacitance of supercapacitor is influenced by electrolyte accessibility, pore size distribution, and structure, electrolyte type, pore shape plus electrical conductivity also affects it. Instrumental analysis of performance of electrode materials was looked into by means of supercapacitor evaluation techniques like CV, EIS and galvanostatic charge/discharge. We understood from review that solvent used in making of electrolytes has enormous effect on it working voltage; the electrolyte–electrode relations with ionic conductivity of electrolyte were shown to have participated very much in internal resistance of SCs. In conclusion, studies on electrode materials for SCs in general, have significantly progressed and have brought lots of innovative improvements in supercapacitors proficiency and application; but, further studies on optimization of energy density and power density of EC need to be carried out while their weight, volume and production expenditure require reduction.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Otitis Media amongst Children Aged 0–48 Months in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Shitu A. S. , Usman A. A. , Usman D. A.
Published: June 2024

Acute Otitis media (AOM), an inflammation of the middle ear, is a common infection in children worldwide. It poses significant health challenges as it is the leading cause of hearing loss. This paper therefore investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with Otitis media amongst 120 children aged 0–48 months attending hospital in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Ear swab specimens were collected using sterile swab sticks for bacterial isolation and identification. Information on sociodemographic and potential risk factors associated with otitis media was obtained from parents of the children via questionnaire. Streptococcus pneumoniae (20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18.3%) were the major causative agents of AOM. The prevalence of AOM was found to be higher among male children (54.2%) than females (45.8%) in the age group 0-12 months. The highest rate of occurrence was found among children whose mothers had low socioeconomic status (61.7%), low educational level (45.8%), unemployed (71.7%), use bottle-feeding method (52.5%), procumbent position during feeding (81.7%), use cotton buds for ear cleaning (80%), poor feeding hygiene (56.7%) as well as children who have not taken pneumococcal vaccine (68.3%), and those with symptoms related to respiratory tract infections (78.3%). In conclusion, AOM is highly prevalent in Adamawa majorly affecting children less than one year. The main predisposing factors are bottle feeding, procumbent feeding position, poor hygiene, not vaccinating, use of cotton bud and upper respiratory tract infections. There is a need to inform mothers about the risk factors associated with AOM.
Effect of Malathion on Catalase Enzyme and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Adult Flies and 3rd Instar Larvae of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bindhani B. , Maity S. , Saha S. K.
Published: June 2024

Farmers widely use insecticides and pesticides, in agriculture, which main ingredient is organophosphate, like, malathion. For prolong exposure of this organophosphate may affect neuronal behaviour and metabolic mechanism of non-target organisms. To study of these impacts, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of Malathion on catalase enzyme and Acetylcholinesterase activity in adult flies and 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster using appropriate standard methods. The study results have showed that both the activity level of Acetylcholinesterase and Catalase enzymes has been significantly dropped down in adults and 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila. Decrease level of Acetylcholinesterase indicates over accumulation of Acetylcholine neuro-transmitter, which can lead to hamper in their locomotion, behaviour, vision and other neuronal functions. Reducing level of Catalase indicates ROS generation, mainly H2O2 that can damage any metabolic activity. Thereby, we can suggest to control the usage of malathion organophosphate in agriculture purpose.
Palynological and Sequence Stratigraphy Framework of Campanian-Maastrichtian Deposit of Anambra Basin, Awgu Section, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Didei I. S. , Ajaegwu N. E.
Published: June 2024

A combination of palynological and palynofacies data are used as lithological evidence to describe sequence stratigraphic framework. Hence, the objective of this paper as to deploy the palynological and sequence stratigraphy framework of Campanian-Maastrichtian deposit of Anambra Basin, Awgu Section, Southeast Nigeria using standard techniques. The sequence stratigraphic analysis of the various succession in the studied outcrop sections identified parasequences limited by flooding surfaces with no evidence of erosion. The Nkporo and Mamu Formations were dated using the associated palynomorphs. The Anambra Basin show some complexity in terms of depositional style, sequence stratigraphy and control during the early and post infill of the structurally control basin. The outcrop sections logged reveals the presence of key stratigraphic surfaces and system tracts. The results from this study provides useful information of reservoir and seal rocks that are essential for hydrocarbon accumulation and stratigraphic trapping on the bases of the alternating high stand, low stand and transgressive system tracts.
Evaluation of the Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-haemorrhoidal Activities of Àgbo jẹ̀dí.
Authors: John-Africa Lucy B , Fahd Khalid-Salako A , Odunola Raheema O , Okoli Onyinye V , Tarfa Florence D.
Published: June 2024

Herbal medicines find patronage among both rural and urban populaces. Despite the popularity of these herbal remedies, claims of their therapeutic value remain without validation. Àgbo jẹ̀dí (AJ) is an herbal mixture often marketed for the treatment of lower back pain and haemorrhoids. Preliminary phytochemical testing was carried out using standard protocol. Acute toxicity test was done using the OECD No 423 guidelines. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies were performed using acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and formalin-induced paw licking and paw oedema in mice. The effects of AJ on croton oil-induced haemorrhoids in Wistar rats was also tested. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed presence of tannins, saponins, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids and anthraquinone glycosides. Elemental analysis was positive for K (25.95) > Mg (12.51) > Na (12.04) > Ca (4.01) > Zn (0.3805) ele. No abnormal signs of toxicity or lethality were observed at 20 ml/kg. AJ significantly reduced acetic acid-induced pain by 49.64, 47.45 and 64.23 % at 1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 ml/kg respectively, and diclofenac (10 mg/kg) reduced pain by 88.32%. Àgbo jẹ̀dí also exerted 66.67%, 66.67% and 73.33% reduction of formalin-induced pain at 55 - 60 min post pain induction while diclofenac was 88.00%. Paw volume was decreased by 31.5%, 53.93%, 50.79% at 1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 ml/kg doses respectively. Similarly, diclofenac produced 69.84%. Histological assessment showed mild protective actions by AJ as the intensity of damage to recto-anal tissues were not significantly altered. In conclusion, in-vivo acute toxicity test carried out showed 'àgbo jẹ̀dí' to be relatively safe on acute oral administration. It was observed to exhibit analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity but devoid of substantial anti-haemorrhoidal actions.
Assessment of Age of Initiation and Motivation for Oral Hygiene Practice among Children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: A Preliminary Study
Authors: OGUNLADE Timothy Onoriode , ADEKOYA – SOFOWORA Comfort Ayodele , AMEDARI McKing , OGUNYE Tolulope O. , AFOLABI Jacob , AROWOLO Ephraim T.O
Published: June 2024

Objective: To assess the age at which parents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, initiate oral hygiene practices in their children and the social factors that influence the initiation and establishment of these oral hygiene habits
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 mothers who attended Urban Comprehensive Health Center, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Eleyele, Ile-Ife, between February and May 2021, using a two-part structured self-administered questionnaire on mothers who had at least a child above six months of age. The data was analysed using SPSS-IBM software (version 27.0), and the level of significance was inferred at P < 0.05.
Results: Two hundred mothers participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 35.17 years. Over half, 115(57.5%) of the participants initiated infant oral hygiene in their children, while all the participants initiated traditional toothbrushing in their children, with the mean age of toothbrushing initiation at 21.77 months. A statistically significant association existed between the age of oral hygiene practice initiation and reasons for habit commencement (P < 0.005).
Conclusion: This study showed that the mean age of initiation of oral hygiene practices in the studied population was 21.8 months and sheds light on the factors influencing the commencement of these practices, which include the type of food consumed by the children, presence of new teeth, caries and bad breath
Sit-At-Home Order and Public Service Delivery in Enugu State (2021-2023)
Authors: Chinedum Uchechukwu , Olewe Bernard , Eneh Maximus
Published: June 2024

As a means to drive home its demand for some kinds of restructuring, the group Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) invented a sit-at-home order in the year 2021. This order directs the residents of the South-East region to stay at home on a given or set of days. These orders became frequent and intensive after the group’s leader was detained by the federal government, which led to Mondays of every week permanently regarded as sit-at-home days in the region. While these sit-at-home orders were on and complied with by the people of the region, observers have noticed potential ripple effects across the social and economic lives of the people. It is on this note that this study was conducted to investigate the effect this compliance to the sit-at-home order have on public service delivery in Enugu State. It was guided by three specific objectives and three corresponding research questions and hypotheses, which sought the reasons why residents of Enugu State complied to IPOB’s sit-at-home order; the extent to which their compliance affected access to education and healthcare services in the state. The study adopted descriptive survey design. A structured questionnaire designed by the researchers was used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using simple percentage rating while hypotheses were tested using Chi-square statistical tool. It was revealed that fear of violence is the major reason people comply with the sit-at-home orders. Sympathy/solidarity with IPOB is partly another reason why some people complied. It was also revealed that to a great extent, the compliance to the sit-at-home order limited access to education and healthcare services. The study recommended among other things that the federal government should continue to dialogue with the proscribed group (IPOB) on the best way to restructure Nigeria and how South East would continue to stay as part of the indivisible Nigeria.
Faiblesse de l’épargne au Kongo-Central
Authors: Mansesa Kiakumba Gloire
Published: June 2024

Résumé
L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser le niveau de l’épargne dans le Kongo-Central et d’examiner les facteurs déterminants cette épargne. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons fait recours aux données primaires, au moyen d’une enquête menée auprès de 402 ménages de la Province du Kongo-Central en République Démocratique du Congo. Il ressort des analyses données que les ménages du Kongo-Central ont une forte préférence pour le présent et ne font pas confiance au secteur financier formel ou semi-formel. Le revenu, la situation géographique du ménage, le niveau d’éducation, le nombre d’enfants scolarisés et le nombre de personne dans le ménage qui sont sans emploi déterminent le comportement d’épargne des ménages du Kongo-Central.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the level of savings in Kongo-Central and to examine the factors determining this savings. To achieve this objective, we used primary data, through a survey conducted among 402 households in the Kongo-Central Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It appears from the analyzes given that households in Kongo-Central have a strong preference for the present and do not trust the formal or semi-formal financial sector. Income, the geographic location of the household, the level of education, the number of children in school and the number of people in the household who are unemployed determine the savings behavior of households in Kongo-Central.
Culture, religion et thérapie dans les Eglises de réveil en R.D.Congo
Authors: Yemweni Dangu Anicet
Published: June 2024

Depuis la nuit des temps, les hommes de toutes les cultures ont mis au point une pluralité des pratiques médicales appropriées à leurs univers. Les Africains, en particulier, ont eu recours aux commodités empiriques et occultes les plus variées fondées sur une conception spirituelle de la nature humaine et comprenant l'usage des plantes médicinales, le rituel religieux, etc. On pouvait les regrouper en deux grandes méthodes thérapeutiques ou curatives dont la méthode dite « herboriste ». La deuxième méthode est celle que nous conviendrons d'appeler « spirituelle ». Mais, depuis le contact avec l’Occident, petit à petit, cette conception de la maladie et de la santé a perdu l’association de la plante et du spirituel. L’homme africain, en général, et le Kinois, en particulier, se voit désemparer devant des échecs à répétition. Il en résulte une sorte de recours aux entités qui prétendent offrir des réponses à ces questions parmi lesquelles les églises, et notamment, les Églises de réveil.
Abstract
Since the dawn of time, men of all cultures have developed a plurality of medical practices in accordance with their world. Africans, in particular, have had recourse to the most varied empirical and occult conveniences based on spiritual conceptions of human nature, including the use of medicinal plants, religious ritual, and so on. Those may be grouped into two main therapeutic or curative methods, including the so-called “herbalist” one. The second refers to “spiritual”. But, since contact with the West Civilization, little by little, this conception of illness and health has lost the association of the plant and the spiritual. The African, in general, and the inhabitants of Kinshasa, in particular, finds himself helpless in the face of repeated failures. This results in an appeal to entities which claim to offer answers to all of these questions, from religious ways, in particular, the so-called revival churches.
Pérenniser la production des chenilles mikwati dans le territoire de Kasongo-Lunda
Authors: Manzusi Keto Aristide , Nkawa Ndikuna Anicet , Mbemba Musengi Elie
Published: June 2024

Les chenilles « Mikwati ou Nkwati » abondamment consommées dans le territoire de Kasongo-Lunda sont le fruit de la cueillette et du ramassage. Elles sont commercialisées et sont une source de revenu pour les autochtones. Les problèmes qui se posent aux habitants sont de savoir comment sortir des méthodes traditionnelles de production et faire face à la pression de l’activité l’humaine sur l’écosystème. La population du territoire de Kasongo- Lunda vit essentiellement de l’agriculture et de la cueillette. Depuis deux décennies, les chenilles « Mikwati/Nkwati » concourent à la lutte contre l’insécurité alimentaire et la pauvreté. Les « Mikwati/Nkwati » riches en protéine sont un élément important dans l’alimentation. Elles sont aussi pourvoyeuses des revenus. Mais si l’on n’y prend pas garde on risque dans l’avenir de ne plus voir ce précieux aliment dans ledit territoire à cause de la mauvaise gestion des écosystèmes.
Periscoping Electronic Governance in Nnamdi Azikwe University Awka: Has it really Reinvigorates Employee Service Delivery?
Authors: Onyezere Chima , Chukwuemeka Emma , Okpani Ifeanyi
Published: June 2024

This paper examines E-Governance and how it has reinvigorates employee service delivery in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, The specific objectives of the study includes; to examine the extent to which knowledge of ICT and its usage affect service delivery; to determine if the availability of modern ICT gadgets enhances service delivery and to examine the extent to which epileptic power supply affects the implementation of better service delivery in the University. Three research questions guided the study which was used to formulate the hypotheses. The Population of the study was 6,350 which comprises of teaching and non-teaching staff of the University while Taro Yamane formula was used to draw a sample size of 376. However, 350 of the distributed questionnaire were retrieved which was used for the analysis. Simple percentage was used in analyzing the data. The study revealed that during the period under study, the University recorded tremendous heights in the use of electronic governance such as Staff annual appraisal; Staff daily clock in attendance; online checking of mails; Digital payment of students’ school fees; Online checking of semester results by students; Online application and defense of postgraduate thesis and dissertation to mention but a few. It was therefore recommended that the Universityshould consolidate on the achievements already recorded.
Interrogating Insurgence in the South-East Nigeria: A Political Brouhaha or a Political Solution?
Authors: Mohammed Yakubu
Published: June 2024

Insecurity is a national challenge and a major implicative factor of varied worrisome issues in Nigeria. It has become the daily reality of most parts of the nation, particularly the southeast region where incessant conflicts and social disorder create severe psychological, political and socio-economic dysfunctions. Southeast inhabitants face terrorization due to the chaos and violence associated with the activities ofvarious non-state actors such as The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), the sit-at-home order and its related issues including kidnappings, farmers/herders clashes and other forms of criminality that cripple daily life and interactions in the area; culminating to a state of uncertainty, fear and apprehension and in most cases lead to low morale occasioned by the fierce gun battles and reprisal attacks between government forces, agitators and unknown clandestine groups. This precarious situation significantly paralyzes socio-economic activities in a region characterized by people of renowned economic enterprise, and valued contributors, to Nigeria's economic growth. This paper made use of library research as a methodology to analyse the state of insecurity in the southeast and how it affects the socio-economic development of the region. It analyses the prevailing volatile environment as a strangulator of socio-economic life and activities with untold adverse effects on the productivity of the region and the nation as a whole The paper recommends effective reformation of the law enforcement agencies, good governance that addresses concerns of IPOB agitators and the zone; and other strategies for southeast stability and sustainable national economic advancement
Relative Importance Index in Ranking Performance Management Practices Towards Organizational Performance
Authors: Kinemo Stella
Published: June 2024

Deficiencies in the implementation of water supply projects, inadequate water infrastructure management, customer dissatisfaction with water services, and persistent water production shortages, are performance problems that affect water service delivery. This paper aimed to identify the performance management practices affecting the performance of Mtwara Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority by using the Relative Importance Index (RII) method. The method used for data collection was a questionnaire. A sample of 64respondents was drawn from the study population using a simple random sampling technique. Performance management practices were ranked using the responses acquired from respondents. The calculation of the Relative Relevance Index (RII) showed the ranking level of relevance. The finding showed that goal setting was ranked first (RII = 0.85), performance appraisal of employees was ranked second (RII = 0.83), measurement of performance ranked third (RII = 0.82), and target alignment with strategic objective (RII = 0.81). This study has an important contribution to guide managers and Human Resources professionals in designing and implementing more performance management strategies that align with organizational goals for effective water service delivery
A retrospective study on the prevalence and risk factors associated with Marek’s disease in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Adedeji AJ , Okpanachi MI , Azi AS , Kabantiyok D , Igah O , Joel GS , Jahota ND , Oloruntoba AA
Published: June 2024

Marek’s Disease (MD) is an economically important disease of poultry caused by the MD virus, a member of the genus Mardivirus. MD results in immunosuppression and the disease affects poultry of all ages and is characterized by neoplastic lesions in the visceral organs. In this report, the prevalence and epidemiological features of MD in Plateau State were determined. Records of poultry disease cases presented to selected veterinary clinics in 4 Local Government Areas of Plateau State from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed. In addition, data were collected using questionnaires administered to 160 poultry farmers from February to May 2017. The prevalence of MD in Plateau State was 10.92% (5,620/5,1484). Cases of MD were reported in layers (92.49%), broilers (6.98%), turkeys (0.32%), and geese (0.21%). Also, co-morbidity of MD with coccidiosis (2.24%), colibacillosis (3.26%), Newcastle disease (2.58%), fatty liver syndrome (0.36%), fowl typhoid (2.86), and chronic respiratory disease (0.34%) were documented in the records. Analyzed data from the questionnaire survey revealed that 90.63% (145/160) of poultry farmers in Plateau State were familiar with MD, and 16.88% (27/160) of farmers indicated they have experienced MD outbreaks in their farms. Additionally, 90.00% (144/160) of poultry farmers claimed their birds were vaccinated against MD of which 53.13% (85/160) have vaccinated their birds once, while 36. 25% (58/160) and 0.63% (1/160) vaccinated their birds against MD twice and thrice respectively. On the economic impact of MD, twenty-seven poultry farms had experienced MD with an overall mortality of 17.02% (12,114/71,176) and most of the affected farms claimed to frequently medicate their birds during the outbreaks. To mitigate the impact of MD on poultry in Plateau State, adequate biosecurity measures and vaccination need to be instituted in poultry farms.
Multi-sampling technique in the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants virus in goats using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Idoko F , Adamu J , Kazeem HM , Woma TY
Published: June 2024

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) remains a threat to goat production in Nigeria. The study was designed to evaluate diagnostic efficiencies using different sampling techniques in detecting PPR virus with RT-PCR. A total of 29 samples comprising nasal swabs (NS), ocular swabs (OS), and rectal swabs (RS) were obtained from 13 goats, from suspected outbreaks in three Local Government Areas (LGA), namely Igabi, Sabon Gari and Giwa LGAs, in Kaduna state. More than one sample type (from different routes) here referred to as the multi-sampling technique was obtained per goat in Igabi and Sabon Gari, while a single sample type was obtained per goat in Giwa. The overall detection rate was 31.9%. Only 2 (33.3%) instances existed where only one sample type was positive; whereas on 6 (31.9%) occasions, at least one sample type from the same goat was found positive. The detection rate was 50%, 44.4% and 30% for NS, OS and RS respectively. PPR was not detected in Giwa. In conclusion, using RT-PCR targeting PPRV nucleoprotein gene, NS appeared to have a higher positive detection rate, while RS was the least reliable. Utilizing more than one sample type or multi-sampling technique from different routes per goat enhanced the detection rate of PPRV using RT-PCR.
Prevalence of ecto and haemoparasites of pigs slaughtered in southern part of Gombe state, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed A , Gimba FI , Ijoh BB , Baka EE , Alfred CM , Tukur SM , Malgwi EA , Bilbonga G
Published: June 2024

A prospective sampling study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the major ecto-and haemoparasites of slaughtered pigs between October 2021 and April 2022 in southern parts of Gombe State Northeastern part of Nigeria. The study was limited to the southern part of the State which included: Balanga, Billiri, Kaltungo and Shongom Local Government Areas. Ectoparasites were collected from slaughtered pigs from different locations using brush and manual hand picking with forceps. The picked parasites were identified using a stereotype microscope. Out of the 87 pigs sampled, 31 (35.6%) were infested with ectoparasites, of which 29 (33.3%) were infested with Haematopinus suis, while 7 (8%) were hard ticks (Hyalomma, Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus spp.). Examination of stained blood smears showed the presence of haemoparasites in the sampled pigs from three Local Government Areas. However, this was different for Kaltungo Local Government where no haemoparasites were observed. Eperythrozoon specie was reported in Shongom and Balanga while mixed infections of Eperythrozoon and Babesia were observed in Billiri Local Government Area. The study established the presence of ecto-and haemoparasites in the Southern part of Gombe State.
Efficacy of diterpene ginkgolide meglumine injection in convalescent cerebral infarction and hemorheology
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Zhu Defa
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of diterpene ginkgolide meglumine injection (DGMI) compared to betahistine in convalescent cerebral infarction (CI).
Methods: 80 convalescent patients with CI from March 2021 and March 2022 were randomly grouped into control and study groups  comprising 40 participants each. Control and study groups received 20 mg betahistine and 25 mg DGMI respectively in 250 mL normal  saline for 1 week. The efficacy, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, hemorheology, and adverse effects were  investigated in control and study groups
Results: Total effective rate was significantly higher in study group compared to control group (p < 0.05). Also, the National Institute of  Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, plasma viscosity (PV), whole blood reduced viscosity, fibrinogen (FIB), erythrocyte aggregation index  (EAI), and incidence of adverse effect were significantly lower in study group compared to control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:  Administration of DGMI to patients in the recovery period of CI improves neurological deficit, and average blood flow velocity in the brain,  and reduces the incidence of adverse effects. Further studies with larger sample sizes and multi-center approaches will be  required to validate these findings.
Effect of casein supplementation on HBD-1, Th-17 and IL22 in a preterm Rattus norvegicus chorioamnionitis model
Authors: Paraton Hari , Aulanni'am Aulanni'am , Wiyasa I. Wayan Arsana , Harian Alifah Wahyu , Widjiati  , Prawiro Sumarno Reto
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To investigate casein's role in the expressions of human beta-defensin (HBD)-1, T helper subset (Th)-17, and interleukin (IL)-22  in preterm Rattus norvegicus (RNs).
Methods: Twenty-four healthy, first-time pregnant RNs were divided into three groups (G). Group 1 (G1) received regular casein (R) 0.4 g/RN/day, while G2 and G3 received casein supplementation (S) 2 g/RN/ day. Each RN was given 10 g  of food and drank 10 mL. On day 10, a single intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected with 100 g/kg body weight.  Lipopolysaccharide was injected into G3 as a premature model with chorioamnionitis. Histopathological examination was carried out to measure the expression of HBD-1, Th-17, and IL-22 using methyl green counterstaining. Chorioamnion specimens were taken and fixed in  4 % paraformaldehyde, and then evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) procedures to obtain immunoreactive score (IMS).
Results:  The IMS expression of HBD-1 in G1 was 1.187 ± 0.372, while G3 was 9.562 ± 2.351 (p < 0.05). Th-17 expression were G1: 2.062 ±  0.140, G2: 6.122 ± 1.347, and G3: 9.112 ± 2.019 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, IL-22 expressions were G1: 1.825 ± 0.468, G2: 4.700 ± 1.614, and G3:  7.800 ± 1.669 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Casein supplementation increases HBD-1, Th-17, and IL-22 expression in preterm RN and in the LPS- induced RN chorioamnionitis model. The increase in HBD-1, Th-17, and IL-22 indicate that casein plays a role in the protection and control  of chorioamnionitis tissue inflammation.