bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Course of D-dimers as Fibrinolytic Products Generated During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Moretz Tim L. , Riley Jeff B. , Jeter Elaine K. , Sutton Robin G. , Bishop David G. , Kratz John M. , Crawford Fred A.
Published: August 2023

D-dimers are the expressed degradation products of the lysis of fibrin. Fibrin monomers may normally occur during routine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); therefore, fibrinolysis could play a protective role. Serum D-dimer levels were observed at six events associated with routine CPB. An expected patient D-dimer level while heparinized would be <0.5 ug/ml showing that fibrin is not being formed.

The majority of elevated D-dimer levels came at the termination of CPB when only one of twenty patients investigated showed a minimal DD level of <0.5. The other patients ranged from 0.5 to >8.0 ug/ml at termination of CPB.

Event
ACT
DD Level

Baseline
123+/-15
1.0+/-1.1

Post Sternotomy

1.6+/-1.9

5 min on CPB
497+/-95
1.6+/-2.3

Terminate CPB
432+/-84
5.1+/-2.8

Post Protamine
116+/-11
5.1+/-2.8

1 Hr. Post Op

4.9+/-3.0

ACT = mean activated clotting time +/- 1SD

The last three event D-dimer levels were significantly greater than the D-dimer from the first three events (p<0.01) demonstrating that fibrinolysis may be a normal occurrence during CPB. The weak correlation in the rise in D-dimers during CPB versus the minimal CPB ACT data (n=20, r=.114) although not statistically significant, suggests that ACTs should be maintained above 480 seconds throughout CPB to minimize fibrin formation and therefore minimize fibrinolysis.
Ventricular Assist in the Infant
Authors: Ratty Susan C. , Winkler Mary , Lamberti John , Moreno-Cabral Ricardo
Published: August 2023

Two cases are described in which the Bio-Medicus centrifugal pump is used to support ventricular failure post CPB in the infant patient. The first patient (5 kg) was diagnosed with anomalous left coronary artery and pre-operative myocardial infarction. This patient required left ventricular assist support for 70 hours following surgical repair and failure to wean from CPB. The second patient (5 kg) presented 12 days status post mustard procedure with post operative ECMO support, for resuscitative CPB following an acute cardiac arrest incident. The patient could not be weaned from CPB with adequate cardiac output and required systemic ventricular support for 24 hours. Both patients were cannulated from left atrium to ascending aorta. The circuit consisted of 1/4" tubing an electromagnetic flow probe, and a pediatric bio-pump head connected to the Bio-Medicus centrifugal pump. High flows and minimal anticoagulation were maintained and both patients were successfully weaned from the left ventricular assist device. The text will describe the details of perfusion management and patient outcomes. We conclude that ventricular assist is a viable adjunct to the care of infants unable to be weaned from CPB.
Extracorporeal Circulation During Treatment of Aneurysms of the Ascending Aorta
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Butler Russell R. , Kirsh Marvin M.
Published: August 2023

Extracorporeal circulation in the treatment of aneurysms of the ascending aorta and transverse arch present both the surgeon and perfusionist with a formidable challenge. Thirty-one patients presented with either of these anomalies and have been treated in a two-year period from August 1987 to December 1989 at the University of Michigan. Of these, 11 had lesions which involved one or more arch vessels and necessitated either a period of circulatory arrest (7 patients) or brachiocephalic perfusion (four patients). Mean circulatory arrest periods were 44.8 ± 9.0 minutes (Mean ± SD), while the brachiocephalic perfusion patients had one or more arch vessels cannulated for a mean length of 64.3 ± 19.7 minutes. Postoperative complications in both groups included pulmonary and renal insufficiency, coagulopathies, and neurological deficits. The circulatory arrest group experienced encephalopathies (5/7 patients) and high perioperative mortality (4/7 patients). In the brachiocephalic perfusion group only one patient experienced postoperative neurological complications and there were no immediate postoperative deaths. Lesions of the ascending and transverse aorta are often associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although these population groups are small we believe that the technique of cerebral perfusion via cannulation of the brachiocephalic vessels provides a safe alternative to that of hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Heparin Coated Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuits in Coronary Artery Surgery - A Clinical Study
Authors: Borowiec J. , Thelin S. , Bagge L. , van der Linden J. , Thorno E. , Hansson H.E.
Published: August 2023

Cardiopulmonary bypass with systemic heparinization causes trauma to blood cells and coagulation defects. Artificial surfaces could be coated by end-linkage binding of heparin (Carmeda Bioactive Surface CBAS™). The use of such surfaces during cardiopulmonary bypass in animals resulted in less postoperative blood loss and better preservation of blood cells. Heparin-coated circuits were employed during coronary artery grafting in seven patients (Group C). Concomitantly, the heparin dose was reduced by 25% and an ACT of 300 sec was accepted. An additional seven patients were operated with non-coated circuits (Group NC), requiring an ACT above 400 sec with normal doses of heparin. There was no thrombo-embolic complications in Group C. The postoperative bleeding was generally low and without significant intergroup differences. Coagulation parameters displayed a significantly lower ACT and anti-Factor Xa during bypass in Group 1C. A tendency towards less blood cell trauma was observed with heparin-coated circuits, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. The protamine dose could be reduced by 50%, which significantly reduced the protamine/heparin quotient.

This study indicates that routine cardiopulmonary bypass could safely be performed with heparin-coated circuits and reduced intravenous doses of heparin and protamine. It is suggested that the use of heparin-coated circuits may lead to less blood cell trauma.
Poster Presentation: Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Authors: Woodman Darrell
Published: August 2023

Amniotic Fluid Embolism is a catastrophic complication in obstetrics. A 27-year old female developed cardiac arrest two hours after undergoing a Caesarean section. After an hour of CPR, the patient was taken to the operating room and placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. Due to brisk hemorrhage from the uterus and the development of DIC, a total abdominal hysterectomy was also performed. Large amounts of friable tissue and thrombus were retrieved from the pulmonary arteries. The patient was successfully weaned from bypass and was discharged from the hospital 13 days after this surgery. This presentation will document this very interesting case and review the literature on amniotic fluid embolism.
Paradigmenwechsel in der Tumorchirurgie der Wirbelsäule – von der Radiofrequenzablation und Kypho-IORT zu Separation Surgery und MIS-Instrumentation. Wo stehen wir? Therapiealgorithmus und Evidenz
Authors: Dally Franz-Joseph , Bludau Frederic
Published: August 2023

Die deutliche Mehrheit aller spinalen Tumore stellen die spinalen Metastasen (ca. 90%)
dar. Bekanntermaßen finden sich hier überwiegend Absiedlungen von Adenokarzinomen der Mamma,
der Prostata, der Lunge und des gastrointestinalen Trakts. Dank zielgerichteter und neuartiger
Therapien nicht nur dieser Entitäten, zeigt sich das Überleben in den letzten Jahren deutlich
verbessert. Die Entscheidungskriterien zur operativen Therapieplanung bilden der neurologische
Status des Patienten, die onkologischen Eigenschaften der Metastase, die mechanische
Stabilität der metastasierten Wirbelsäule und der Fortschritt der systemischen Krebserkrankung
sowie der Komorbiditäten des Patienten, ausgedrückt als Karnofski Performance Index (KPI) oder
des Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Aus diesem Gesamtbild kann ein Therapiealgorithmus
basierend auf etablierten Scores festgelegt werden, der zur Entscheidungsfindung herangezogen
werden kann und unten aufgeführt ist.

Die Schmerztherapie bildet dabei die Hauptsäule in der Therapie von Patienten mit spinalen
Metastasen. Eine weitere Säule ist die lokale Tumorkontrolle welche durch stereotaktische
Bestrahlung, „stereotactic body radiotherapy“ (SBRT) , oder durch stereotaktische
Radiochirurgie, „stereotactic radiosurgery“ (SRS), wesentlich verbessert werden kann. Sind
Metastasen auf den Wirbelkörper begrenzt und Schmerz- sowie lokale Tumorkontrolle das
Therapieziel, so ist eine kombinierte perkutane Intervention basierend auf der
Zementaugmentation und intra-operativer Bestrahlung zu erwägen.

Die Implementation der MIS-Instrumentation, gefolgt von spinaler SRS/SBRT in die
Tumorchirurgie der Wirbelsäule, scheint bei Metastasen mit Rückenmarkskompression eine
sinnvolle und wahrscheinlich überlegene Alternative zu den bisherigen Eingriffen und
Operationsmethoden darzustellen. Die steigende Komplexität der Entscheidungsfindung und
Therapie von Patienten mit Wirbelsäulenmetastasen sollte in Zentren mit ausreichender
Expertise, Fallzahlen und angeschlossener Strahlentherapie mit der Möglichkeit einer SBRT/SRS
am besten im Rahmen einer Tumorkonferenz erfolgen.
Die Bedeutung der Bildungsbiografie für das professionelle
Selbstverständnis von DDR-Psychotherapeut:innen
Authors: Kirschner Hariet , Storch Monika , Arp Agnès , Kaufmann Marie Theresa , Paripovic Gordana , Strauß Bernhard
Published: August 2023

Ziel der Studie Seit der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands lässt sich
eine bis heute währende Debatte zum professionellen Handeln von
DDR-Psychotherapeut:innen verfolgen. Diese wird zum Teil im Tenor der
Aufarbeitung, zum Teil zur Legitimierung des therapeutischen Handelns in der DDR
geführt. In dieser Arbeit sollen aus soziologischer Perspektive
individuelle Muster im professionellen Selbstverständnis
ausgewählter DDR-Psychotherapeut:innen mit der Absicht der
Differenzierung dieser Thematik herausgearbeitet werden. In diesem Zuge wird
auch die Spannbreite der politischen Positionierung von DDR-Psychotherapeuten
fallspezifisch konstatiert und gezeigt, wie sich diese in der oft benannten
Nische der Psychotherapie gestaltete.

Methodik Auf der Grundlage narrativ-biografischer Interviews wurden
bildungsbiografische Verläufe von DDR-Psychotherapeut:innen
rekonstruiert Die Interviews wurden anhand der Grounded Theory in einem
zirkulären Prozess von Materialauswahl und Theorieentwicklung
analysiert. Nach dem Prinzip der maximalen Kontrastierung (theoretical sampling)
wurden vier Frauen aus einer Stichprobe von 39 Interviews des Verbundprojekts
Seelenarbeit im Sozialismus zur Rekonstruktion ausgesucht und anhand des
bildungstheoretisch ausgerichteten Kodierleitfadens nach Teifel (2005)
analysiert.

Ergebnisse Es zeigen sich innerhalb der vier Fälle auf den Ebenen
der Kodierungsstrategie (Sinn-/Strukturperspektive und Handlungsweise)
überaus individuelle Bildungsbiografien, die jeweils unterschiedliche
Ausprägungen bzgl. ihrer Fähigkeit zur Einnahme einer reflexiven
Haltung und somit der Einnahme der professionellen Handlungsfähigkeit
aufweisen. Auch hinsichtlich ihrer unterschiedlichen Positionierungen zum
DDR-System weisen die Fälle unterschiedliche Ausprägungen
auf.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse der Fallrekonstruktionen lassen sich in einem
übergeordneten Schema zusammenfassen. Dieses zeigt, dass die Rolle der
jeweiligen individuellen Bildungszugänge, ihrer Bildungswege und ihrer
individuellen Handlungspraxis in Relation zum Einfluss des politischen Systems
und der Fähigkeit zur Übernahme einer professionellen Haltung zu
sehen sind. Die Psychotherapeut:innen der DDR lassen sich nicht per se als eine
subversiv gegen den Staat agierende Gruppe auffassen.
Ökonomische Erhebung prämenstrueller Symptomatik
– Deutsche Übersetzung der Kurzversion der Premenstrual
Assessment Form und deren psychometrische
Überprüfung
Authors: Blaser Berenike Lisa , Weymar Mathias , Wendt Julia
Published: August 2023

Prämenstruelle Symptomatik ist eine weitverbreitete und dennoch wenig
beforschte Problematik. Im deutschen Sprachraum existiert bislang kein
Instrument zur Erhebung des breiten Spektrums an möglichen Symptomen und
deren Ausprägung. Aus diesem Grund wurden die Kurzversionen der
Premenstrual Assessment Form mit 20 und 10 Items übersetzt und an einer
Stichprobe von N=147 menstruierenden Personen validiert. Die internen
Konsistenzen der 20er und 10er Item-Versionen sind hoch (Cronbachs
αPAF20=0,93 und
αPAF10=0,88) und vergleichbar mit den
Originalversionen. Eine Faktorenanalyse identifizierte zwei Skalen, die
psychologische und physiologische Symptomatik erfassen. Konvergente
Validität wird durch den Zusammenhang mit dem PMS-Impact Questionnaire
(rPAF20=0,66, p<.001) belegt. Dieser ist
signifikant höher (z=2.67, p=0,004) als der Zusammenhang
mit dem Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (rPAF20=0,50,
p<.001), wodurch die divergente Validität als gegeben angenommen
wird. Es wurden außerdem Cut-Off Werte für Verdachtsdiagnosen
auf Basis der Diagnosekriterien des DSM-V für beide Kurzformen
berechnet. Die übersetzte Premenstrual Assessment Form ist ein valides,
reliables, ökonomisches und flexibel einsetzbares Instrument. Es eignet
sich zur Quantifizierung prämenstrueller Symptomatik in der
Forschung.
Surgery As a Trigger for Incident Venous Thromboembolism: Results from a Population-Based Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Meknas Dana , Brækkan Sigrid K. , Hansen John-Bjarne , Morelli Vânia M.
Published: August 2023

Background Surgery is a major transient risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the impact of major surgery as a VTE trigger has been scarcely investigated using a case-crossover design.

Aim To investigate the role of major surgery as a trigger for incident VTE in a population-based case-crossover study while adjusting for other concomitant VTE triggers.

Methods We conducted a case-crossover study with 531 cancer-free VTE cases derived from the Tromsø Study cohort. Triggers were registered during the 90 days before a VTE event (hazard period) and in four preceding 90-day control periods. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE according to major surgery and after adjustment for other VTE triggers.

Results Surgery was registered in 85 of the 531 (16.0%) hazard periods and in 38 of the 2,124 (1.8%) control periods, yielding an OR for VTE of 11.40 (95% CI: 7.42–17.51). The OR decreased to 4.10 (95% CI: 2.40–6.94) after adjustment for immobilization and infection and was further attenuated to 3.31 (95% CI: 1.83–5.96) when additionally adjusted for trauma, blood transfusion, and central venous catheter. In a mediation analysis, 51.4% (95% CI: 35.5–79.7%) of the effect of surgery on VTE risk could be mediated through immobilization and infection.

Conclusions Major surgery was a trigger for VTE, but the association between surgery and VTE risk was in part explained by other VTE triggers often coexisting with surgery, particularly immobilization and infection.
CD20-Negative Primary Bone Marrow Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Report of Two Cases with Review of Literature
Authors: Jaiswal Ankita , Gupta Aastha , Dixit Mallika , Patel Govind , Mohanty Sambit
Published: August 2023

We describe diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in this rare entity of CD20-negative B cell lymphomas. They comprise only 1 to 2% of all B cell lymphoma with four subcategories. However, with an increasing understanding of these cases, novel entities have been recognized. Workup, treatment, and follow-up of two CD20-negative B cell lymphoma cases, including a novel entity, have been described. A novel case of triple expresser CD20-negative B cell lymphoma and plasmablastic lymphoma has been diagnosed. The absence of CD20 leads to the abolishment of the targeted drug (rituximab) from the treatment regimen. These cases render the importance of extensive immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization workup for diagnosis of this rare entity. Treatment also remains a challenge as immunotherapy with CD20-targeted drugs cannot be given.
Redo Aortic Surgery in a Patient with a Large Arachnoid Cyst and Myelodysplasia
Authors: Hashmi Syed F. , Traify Ragheb , Dimarakis Ioannis
Published: August 2023

A 70-year-old man was referred for redo root and ascending aortic surgery. Preoperative investigations depicted a large arachnoid cyst occupying the left frontotemporal region and myelodysplasia with persistent thrombocytopenia. We describe successful operative management of this patient in the context of such rare intracranial pathology.
Overall Survival and Related Factors of Patients Undergoing Breast-Conserving Surgery with Boost Through Interstitial Brachytherapy in a Cancer Center in Medellin, Colombia
Authors: González-Hernández Liza María , Vásquez-Trespalacios Elsa , Gallegos-Téllez Erika Patricia , Corrales-Cruz Lina María , Javier-Gallón Luis , Naranjo Ana María
Published: August 2023

Patients with breast cancer undergoing conservative surgery require management with radiotherapy to decrease the risk of recurrence. Moreover, the use of tumor bed boost in high-risk patients has shown an absolute reduction in the 10-year local recurrence risk from 23.9 to 13.5%. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the overall survival of a group of patients undergoing conservative surgery with a boost through interstitial brachytherapy at a cancer center in Medellin, Colombia. A retrospective cohort study was performed, and records from 2014 to 2020 of patients with in situ or infiltrating breast cancer treated with a boost through interstitial brachytherapy were included. Univariate analysis was conducted to characterize the study population; median survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Moreover, associations concerning survival were calculated with each of the factors independently. A total of 186 patients were included. Their overall survival was 93.5%, with a median survival of 79 months. The presence of negative hormone receptors, having two or more irradiated fields and having a locally advanced stage were factors associated independently with higher mortality. The overall survival of patients with in situ or infiltrating breast cancer was favorable and correlated with studies regarding intervention with a boost through interstitial brachytherapy and the factors associated with higher mortality, such as having a locally advanced stage.
COVID-19 and Cancer: A Comparison of the Two Important Pandemic Waves in an Indian Cancer Patients' Cohort
Authors: Batra Ullas , Nathany Shrinidhi , Sharma Mansi , Saha Sekhar , Kumar Dushyant , Jose Joslia T. , Singh Harkirat
Published: August 2023

It is well known that patients with cancer are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19. There are no reports that depict the differences in outcomes in cancer patients between the two waves of the pandemic. This is a real-world experience aimed at characterizing the differences in demographics, clinical features, treatment details, and outcomes in COVID-19-positive cancer patients between the two pandemic waves. This was a prospective study of all COVID-19-positive cancer patients attending our specialty out-patient department at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre between March 2020 and November 2020 (1st wave) and April 2021 and June 2021 (second wave). All patients diagnosed to have COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with a biopsy-proven solid organ malignancy attending the medical oncology out-patient department were included during both the waves. A total of 300 patients with proven SARS-CoV-2 infection by either RT-PCR or cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test were encountered, of which 123 were encountered during the first wave of the pandemic and 177 during the second wave. The case fatality rate of the first wave was 9.8%, with a 15-day case fatality rate of 5.6%, whereas for the second wave, it was 13% and 7.2%, respectively. Twelve patients succumbed to COVID-19 disease in the first wave and 23 succumbed in the second. There were no statistically significant correlations; however, the death in the second wave tended to occur more in younger male patients, with comorbidities and history of smoking. There was no relation with ongoing cancer-directed treatment or chemotherapy. Our study is unique in comparing characteristics of the two most important COVID-19 waves and treatment patterns in cancer patients from a single center. The second wave showed a higher CFR, hospital admission rate, and higher frequency of respiratory complications; however, there was no relation to cancer-directed therapy and COVID-19, thus reiterating the fact that cancer treatment should not be halted in the event of a COVID-19 infection.
Gabria’s life: young adults with a disability in the transition to adulthood
Authors: Vandenbussche Hanne , Claes Claudia , De Schauwer Elisabeth
Published: August 2023

Transitioning to adulthood is a dynamic period in life, in which significant decisions are made in several domains. In this study, we investigate the transition into post-secondary life of young adults with an intellectual disability who have followed an inclusive school trajectory in Flanders (Belgium). We aim to clarify the significant elements of this transition when the known structures of school disappear. As a method, we ‘walk-with’ Gabria and connect three events of her life story with the concepts of desire and support. Gabria demonstrates the importance of starting from desire as an affirmative force, as she resists making disconnected choices and wants to be approached as a person with the aspiration to work, living alone and have a relationship. Furthermore, support in the current care systems seems too restricted to one specific policy domain into which these young adults need to fit. Interagency commitment and coordination are crucial for a holistic approach to young adults with an intellectual disability. To see Gabria fully implies starting from her needs and desires, and taking account of her difficulties and the support needs for her and her network by drawing on local knowledge.
Experimental evidence of amplitude-dependent surface wave dispersion via nonlinear contact resonances
Authors: Hajarolasvadi Setare , Celli Paolo , Kim Brian , Elbanna Ahmed E. , Daraio Chiara
Published: August 2023

In this Letter, we provide an experimental demonstration of amplitude-dependent dispersion tuning of surface acoustic waves interacting with nonlinear resonators. Leveraging the similarity between the dispersion properties of plate edge waves and surface waves propagating in a semi-infinite medium, we use a setup consisting of a plate with a periodic arrangement of bead-magnet resonators along one of its edges. Nonlinear contact between the ferromagnetic beads and magnets is exploited to realize nonlinear local resonance effects. First, we experimentally demonstrate the nonlinear softening nature and amplitude-dependent dynamics of a single bead-magnet resonator on both rigid and compliant substrates. Next, the dispersion properties of the system in the linear regime are investigated. Finally, we demonstrate how the interplay of nonlinear local resonances with plate edge waves gives rise to amplitude-dependent dispersion properties. The findings will inform the design of more versatile surface acoustic wave devices that can passively adapt to loading conditions.
X-radiography front tracking gradient furnace for directional solidification of bulk Al-alloys
Authors: Jafarizadeh-Koohbanani A. , Steinbach S. , Drescher J. , Frenzel J. , Kargl F.
Published: August 2023

A unique gradient furnace for directional solidification experiments with bulk Al-alloy samples developed at German Aerospace Center is presented. It allows for in situ process control in solidifying samples by using x-radiography, and further insight into the solidification process is gained in combination with x-ray computational tomography on the solidified samples. Tracking of interfaces during directional solidification of bulk samples via in situ x-radiography (TIREX) enables the investigation of the melting process and observation of the movement of the entire mushy zone through the sample, tracing the solid–liquid interface during directional solidification and correlating the observations with the microstructure of the samples. Monitoring the temperature profile inside the sample by in situ observation of the length of the mushy zone is particularly important because the temperature gradient G and the rate of interfacial growth v determine the microstructure of solidification. The x-radiography setup offers temporal and spatial resolutions of 0.5 s and 70 μm, respectively, with a field of view of 10 × 50 mm2. Constant solidification velocities of up to 0.15 mm s−1 at a temperature gradient of up to 8 K mm−1 can be achieved in a temperature range of 537–1373 K. A flat solid–liquid interface inside a rod-like sample with 5 mm diameter is achieved by surrounding the sample by thermal isolating graphite foam. Performance tests with hypoeutectic Al–10 wt. % Cu alloy samples show the functionality of the furnace facility.
Ballooning theory for micro-tearing mode in tokamak
Authors: Xie T. , Mahajan S. M. , Hatch D. R.
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to investigate the impact of magnetic drift on the linear micro-tearing mode by using a kinetic approach to derive a reduced two-field eigen system in real space. Since the magnetic drift in real space has derivatives, it is more efficient to solve the mode equations in a Fourier-ballooning representation using the two-dimensional (2D) ballooning transform. The lowest-order eigen system in the Fourier-ballooning representation consists of two integral equations, which are numerically solved using the finite difference method for both eigenvalues and wave functions. The main results will be presented through graphical eigenvalue scans for each parameter. Furthermore, we present a graphical comparison between the predictions of the ballooning theory and GENE gyrokinetic code simulation in the pedestal region.
The 2-pyridone/2-hydroxypyridine tautomerism in gas phase: An excited state roaming reaction
Authors: Queizán Marta , Gil-Guerrero Sara , Pérez-Barcia Álvaro , Hermida-Ramon Jose M.
Published: August 2023

Multiconfigurational methods (CASSCF and CASPT2) were employed to gain a new understanding of the mechanism of the gas-phase phototautomerization of 2-pyridone/2-hydroxypyridine. Potential energy curves and crossing points of the low-lying excited states were analyzed. The results show that the tautomerization only occurs from 2-pyridone to 2-hydroxypyridine after electronic excitation to the S1 (ππ*) state. From this state, the system would be able to reach a conical intersection between S1 and the dissociative S2 (πσ*) due to vibrational effects. Then, it can evolve to the hydroxy form in its ground state by reaching an intersection seam between the S0 and the πσ* states. For this to happen, a roaming process responsible for the hydrogen atom migration would be required; otherwise, the system would revert to the 2-pyridone tautomer. The unfeasibility of the reverse process after optical excitation from the lactim to the lactam form is explained by the great amount of energy needed to reach the conical intersection between the ππ* and πσ* states. These findings would provide new insights into the understanding of the photophysics and photochemistry of a primordial heterocycle, considered a prebiotic model known to be found in interstellar clouds.
Experimental and molecular dynamics studies of physicochemical properties of highly thickening and active nanofluids based on acrylamide modified silica
Authors: Liu Rui , Chen Zezhou , Zhao Xing , Wang Hehua , Xu Yingxue , Liu Ruifeng
Published: August 2023

Binary compound flooding is an important technology that continuously promotes stable oil reservoir production. By comparing with traditional binary compound flooding, the binary system with nanoparticles has higher application value in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this work, we prepared a flexible polymeric brushes hybrid nano-silica star-like hydrophobically associative polyacrylamide (SHPAM). Subsequently, a surfactant named alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate (CEOS) was selected to study physicochemical properties of nanofluids through a combination of experiments and simulations. The results indicated that the prepared nanofluids had good dispersion stability in strong brine. When the concentration of monomer SHPAM reached 2000 mg/l, its thickening performance was the best. Significantly, even if the concentration of SHPAM was reduced (750 mg/l), the thickening performance of nanofluids (107.2 mPa s) was better than that of monomer SHPAM. Interestingly, the nanofluids ensured the same degree of reduction in interfacial tension as the alone CEOS (the order of 10−2 mN/m). The molecular simulation showed that the nanofluids could stably adsorb on the oil–water interface and form a layer of interfacial film to increase the viscosity and reduce the interfacial tension. The prepared nanofluids could significantly change the wettability of the core and improve producing degree in the pore throat above 1.0–10 μm about 40%. We envisage that this nanofluidic material can apply in EOR with high efficiency and low cost.
Reflected wave energy by two collinear submerged wavy breakwaters
Authors: Cuevas O. , Bautista E. , Méndez F.
Published: August 2023

Under the assumption of a potential flow, we obtain an asymptotic solution up to the second order in a regular expansion, for the problem of the interaction between linear long waves and two submerged floating breakwaters of wavy surfaces, placed in a collinear manner. The hydrodynamics that results from the interaction between the waves and the structures is modeled with the aid of the well-known shallow water wave equations together with the Laplace equation. For this purpose, the domain perturbation method is used to obtain the solution of the governing equations and assume, as is common, small amplitudes of the breakwater's wavy surfaces. This solution is compared with classical analytical solutions reported in the specialized literature, and they adjust properly. Several geometrical configurations of the breakwaters are analyzed. As the breakwaters are near the free surface elevation, just at one-third of the total water depth, larger values of the reflection coefficients are obtained. The maximum wave reflection occurs for four undulations of the breakwater surfaces. In addition, the wave reflection increases as the amplitude of the surfaces of the breakwaters increases. The results of this study are expected to be used by coastal engineers for preliminary feasibility and desk design of submerged breakwaters with wavy surfaces.
Magnetization characteristics of HTS-stacked ring magnets with and without HTS stack inserts
Authors: Liao Hengpei , Dennis Anthony R. , Yuan Weijia , Zhang Min
Published: August 2023

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) trapped field magnets can generate and maintain stable, high magnetic fields without requiring external power supplies. Recently, HTS-stacked ring magnets have garnered significant attention due to their flexible geometry, robust mechanical strength, and proven trapped field performance. In this study, we examine the magnetization characteristics of HTS-stacked ring magnets and observed a trapped field higher than the applied field during field cooling magnetization. We also observed that by inserting HTS stacks into the hollow cavity of the HTS-stacked rings, the center field ceased to exhibit an increased center field. Our analysis revealed that the unique induced current distribution and the penetration sequence are the underlying causes. Inspired by the investigation results, we explored deeper into the magnetization properties and identified that a final trapped field higher than the applied field can be achieved through proper design and magnetization of the HTS-stacked ring magnets. However, even though the trapped central field experiences an increase, this does not translate into an increment in the total trapped flux. Instead, a redistribution of the flux is observed. These findings hold significant implications for the design and application of superconducting magnets.
Effect of electrical boundary conditions on the domain stability of porous ferroelectric nanowires
Authors: Zhou Meng-Jun , Peng Kun , Yang Tiannan , Chen Long-Qing , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: August 2023

The electrical boundary condition plays an important role in the manipulation of domain structures in low-dimensional ferroelectric materials, especially ferroelectric nanowires. Here, using phase-field simulations, we systematically investigate the influence of electrical boundary conditions on the domain structure in porous PbTiO3 ferroelectric nanowires. Our results demonstrate the formation of four types of domain structures via varying electrical boundary conditions, which possess distinguished local polarization and energy configurations. We further show that the domain structures are also dependent on the nanowire radius, including the breakdown of a metastable concentric toroidal domain structure upon reducing the radius to 14 nm. The present work provides guidance for further experimental studies on the control of polar domain structures through manipulating the electrical boundary condition and the ferroelectric size, which paves the way for developing multi-functions of low-dimensional ferroelectric systems.
Benthic communities of the lower mesophotic zone on One Tree shelf edge, southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Authors: Wright Raven M. , Beaman Robin J. , Daniell James , Bridge Tom C. L. , Pall Jodie , Webster Jody M.
Published: August 2023

Context Increasing interest in mesophotic coral ecosystems has shown that reefs in deep water show considerable geomorphic and ecological variability among geographic regions. Aims We provide the first investigation of mesophotic reefs at the southern extremity of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) to understand the biotic gradients and habitat niches in the lower mesophotic zone. Methods Multibeam data were used to target five benthic imagery transects collected in the lower mesophotic (80–130 m) zone from the shelf edge near One Tree Island (23°S, 152°E) by using a single HD-SDI subsea camera. Key results Transects supported similar benthic communities in depths of 80–110 m, with the abundance of sessile benthos declining below ~110 m where the shelf break grades into the upper continental slope. Conclusions The effect of the Capricorn Eddy may be promoting homogeneity of benthic assemblages, because it provides similar environmental conditions and potential for connectivity. Variation in benthic communities between hard and soft substrate and differing topographic relief within the study site are likely to be influenced by variation in sedimentation, including sensitivity to suspended particles. Implications This study highlighted that the lower mesophotic region on the One Tree shelf edge supports mesophotic coral ecosystems that vary depending on depth and substrate.
Young Australians’ receptiveness to discussing sexual health with a general practitioner
Authors: Bittleston Helen , Hocking Jane S. , Coombe Jacqueline , Temple-Smith Meredith , Goller Jane L.
Published: August 2023

Background Most sexual health care in Australia is provided through general practice. However, many young Australians experience barriers to accessing sexual health care. This research examines young Australians’ receptiveness to discussing sexual health with a general practitioner (GP). Methods We conducted an anonymous online sexual health survey (open 2 May to 21 June 2022). Anyone living in Australia aged 16–29 years was eligible to participate. Participants were recruited via social media and asked whether they agreed with five statements exploring their receptivity to discussing sexual health with GPs. We explored characteristics associated with responses using multivariable logistic regression. Results Among 1915 participants, 69.3% were cisgender women, with a median age of 20 years; 48.5% were heterosexual. Approximately one-fifth agreed they might not tell a GP the whole truth about their sexual history, would be worried about confidentiality when discussing their sexual history and would be too embarrassed to see their usual GP if they thought they had a sexually transmitted infection. Over half (55.8%) agreed they would be comfortable with a GP bringing up sexual health in an unrelated consultation, but 39.6% would be nervous to bring up sexual health in case they needed an intimate examination. Multivariate regression identified several characteristics associated with responses. Notably, having a school-based sex education and a usual GP were factors associated with increased receptivity to discussing sexual health. Conclusions Young Australians were generally open to discussing sexual health with a GP. School-based sex education and GP–patient relationships are key to promoting sexual health among young people.
Stability and change in (ing)
Authors: Travis Catherine E. , Grama James , Purser Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Work on variable (ing) has highlighted its long-term stability and shared conditioning across English varieties. Here, we ask whether similar stability and conditioning holds in Australian English over time and across ethnicity. The data come from sociolinguistic interviews with 204 Australians stratified according to age, gender, social class and ethnicity, drawn from the Sydney Speaks project. Analyses of 13,000 (ing) tokens reveal very low alveolar rates, but generally similar conditioning to that of other English varieties, with the exception of word class, for which variability was initially largely limited to verbal tokens before extending to include the pronouns something and nothing. Ethnic differences are evident in rates of use: Italian Australians evince higher, and Greek and Chinese Australians lower, rates of [n]. These differences are accounted for by class affiliations, suggesting that (ing) may be an ideal variable for considering the interplay between social class and ethnicity.
Les démonstratifs neutres du français en cataphore d’une subordonnée complétive
Authors: Muller Claude
Published: August 2023

On examine ici les emplois cataphoriques de démonstratifs neutres annonçant une complétive. On est amené à distinguer des cataphores « grammaticales » avec ce, qui sont des survivances sans choix ni autonomie du démonstratif, de cataphores énonciatives dans lesquelles le démonstratif est autonome, et peut faire l’objet, au-delà de la saillance, d’un choix de point de vue, général et non focalisé (cela) vs. délimité et focalisé (ceci). Une construction est en voie de grammaticalisation, l’extraposition, dans laquelle la variation des formes est presque absente et où le démonstratif sujet succède souvent à l’impersonnel. L’évolution suggère donc l’existence d’un « cycle » des démonstratifs dans lequel des formes suffixées, plus expressives, remplacent les formes anciennes.
Cataphores démonstratives
Authors: Kleiber Georges
Published: August 2023

Nous nous proposons de revenir sur le problème des cataphores démonstratives. Avec une double limitation. Nous ne
nous occuperons que des cataphores démonstratives du type bipartite disjoint de Et il me dit doucement ceci : « Les
étoiles aussi ont besoin d’obscurité ». Et, seconde limitation, nous n’analyserons que leur schéma constructionnel et
la nature formelle et sémantique de leur subséquent. En nous appuyant sur les descriptions antérieures, principalement celles de
Kesik (1989) et de Theissen (2008), nous
essaierons de mettre en relief des aspects nouveaux de ce type de cataphores, aussi bien du côté de leur construction que de celui
de la forme et du sens de leur subséquent.
Expressivité de la cataphore
Authors: Bordas Éric
Published: August 2023

La cataphore, appréhendée comme choix plus ou moins libre de l’ordre linéaire des désignateurs et des pronoms, est l’un des phénomènes linguistiques les plus nettement porteurs d’une expressivité langagière du sujet parlant (dont l’étude est l’objet d’une stylistique linguistique). Parce qu’elle sélectionne et hiérarchise. Mais surtout parce qu’elle réalise un geste intonatif fort du sujet inscrit dans le discours dont elle permet d’entendre la sensibilité.
Estar+ILP
Authors: Escandell-Vidal M. Victoria
Published: August 2023

A sentence likeMaría está muy guapa(‘María looks very pretty’) attributes the property of being pretty to María but also conveys the assumption that the state-of-affairs described is based on direct experience. Several explanatory hypotheses are found in the literature to account for this fact: (i) experientiality is a property of the copulaestar; (ii) experientiality is an effect of contextual factors; and (iii) experientiality is the result of resolving the aspectual mismatch produced by combiningestarwith an Individual-Level Predicate (ILP). To test the predictions of these hypotheses, a comprehension-based survey was carried out. Participants were given isolated copular sentences withestarfollowed by either an ILP or an SLP (Stage-Level Predicate). Using a 5-point Likert scale, they had to rate how likely it was that the utterer had direct experience about the quality s/he was asserting. The results show a significant preference for the experiential interpretation inestar+ILP, an outcome that is consistent only with the hypothesis that the linguistic mismatch found inestar+ILP is enough to induce the accommodation of a direct experience presupposition.
Parameters prediction in additively manufactured Al-Cu alloy using back propagation neural network
Authors: Lyu Feiyue , Wang Leilei , Zhang Jiahao , Du Mingzhen , Dou Zhiwei , Gao Chuanyun , Zhan Xiaohong
Published: August 2023

The relationship between tensile strength, wire feeding speed and travel speed is built based on Back Propagation (BP) neural network during the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process. The introduction of a genetic algorithm for optimising the BP neural network (GA-BP) and incorporation of additional parameter combinations through the forward model markedly enhance the prediction accuracy of the process parameter reverse model. The BP neural network with a genetic algorithm model exhibits excellent training results, and the sample population regression reaches 0.97. An error value of the optimised model is only 3.10% for wire feeding speed prediction, only 1.55% for travel speed prediction. The GA-BP reverse model optimises WAAM process parameters and achieves a tensile strength exceeding 230 MPa.
Multi-method treatment of elastic scattering of alpha particles from atomic hydrogen over a wide impact energy range
Authors: Zaman T , Lambert D , Cariatore N D , Stancil P C , Schultz D R
Published: August 2023

Multiple theoretical methods are used to calculate the elastic scattering cross section for collisions of alpha particles with atomic hydrogen in the center-of-mass energy range of 10−4–108 eV. At the lowest energies where elastic scattering greatly dominates other reaction channels, a single-channel quasi-molecular-orbital approach is used. With the opening of inelastic channels at higher energies the multi-channel atomic-orbital, close-coupling method is applied, and at the highest energies considered perturbation theory (the Born approximation) is used. The results are compared with other data available in the literature and from preliminary multi-channel molecular-orbital, close-coupling calculations in order to assess the accuracy of the results and to create a recommended set of data spanning the entire energy range. The data is made available for use in astrophysical modeling and other plasma science applications online.
An intensity-enhanced LiDAR SLAM for unstructured environments
Authors: Dai Zhiqiang , Zhou Jingyi , Li Tianci , Yao Hexiong , Sun Shihai , Zhu Xiangwei
Published: August 2023

Traditional LiDAR simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods rely on geometric features such as lines and planes to estimate pose. However, in unstructured environments where geometric features are sparse or absent, point cloud registration may fail, resulting in decreased mapping and localization accuracy of the LiDAR SLAM system. To overcome this challenge, we propose a comprehensive LiDAR SLAM framework that leverages both geometric and intensity information, specifically tailored for unstructured environments. Firstly, we adaptively extract intensity features and construct intensity constraints based on degradation detection, and then propose a multi-resolution intensity map construction method. The experimental results show that our method achieves a 55% accuracy improvement over the pure geometric LiDAR SLAM system and exhibits superior anti-interference capability in urban corner scenarios. Compared with Intensity-SLAM, the advanced intensity-assisted LiDAR SLAM, our method achieves higher accuracy and efficiency.
A review on deep learning in planetary gearbox health state recognition: methods, applications, and dataset publication
Authors: Liu Dongdong , Cui Lingli , Cheng Weidong
Published: August 2023

Planetary gearboxes have various merits in mechanical transmission, but their complex structure and intricate operation modes bring large challenges in terms of fault diagnosis. Deep learning has attracted increasing attention in intelligent fault diagnosis and has been successfully adopted for planetary gearbox fault diagnosis, avoiding the difficulty in manually analyzing complex fault features with signal processing methods. This paper presents a comprehensive review of deep learning-based planetary gearbox health state recognition. First, the challenges caused by the complex vibration characteristics of planetary gearboxes in fault diagnosis are analyzed. Second, according to the popularity of deep learning in planetary gearbox fault diagnosis, we briefly introduce six mainstream algorithms, i.e. autoencoder, deep Boltzmann machine, convolutional neural network, transformer, generative adversarial network, and graph neural network, and some variants of them. Then, the applications of these methods to planetary gearbox fault diagnosis are reviewed. Finally, the research prospects and challenges in this research are discussed. According to the challenges, a dataset is introduced in this paper to facilitate future investigations. We expect that this paper can provide new graduate students, institutions and companies with a preliminary understanding of methods used in this field. The dataset can be downloaded from https://github.com/Liudd-BJUT/WT-planetary-gearbox-dataset.
CaO2 nanomedicines: a review of their emerging roles in cancer therapy
Authors: He Chuanchuan , Zhang Shasha , Liu Xiaoguang , Wang Jianguo , Huang Yimin , Zhang Anxin , Zhang Xiaojuan
Published: August 2023

Metal peroxide-based nanomedicines have emerged as promising theranostic agents for cancer due to their multifunctional properties, including the generation of bioactive small molecules such as metal ions, H2O2, O2, and OH–. Among these metal peroxides, calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanomedicines have attracted significant attention due to their facile synthesis and good biocompatibility. CaO2 nanoparticles have been explored for cancer treatment through three main mechanisms: (1) the release of O2, which helps alleviate tumor hypoxia and enhances oxygen-dependent therapies such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy; (2) the generation of H2O2, a precursor for ·OH generation, which enables cancer chemodynamic therapy; and (3) the release of Ca2+ ions, which induce calcium overload and promote cell apoptosis (called ion-interference therapy). This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent examples of CaO2 nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutic strategies, as well as discusses the challenges and future directions in the development of CaO2 nanomedicines for cancer treatment.