bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eficácia das Vacinas Contra o Vírus do Papiloma Humano nas Mulheres com mais de 24 Anos na Prevenção do Cancro do Colo do Útero
Authors: Ribeiro Jaime Pimenta , Borges Isabel
Published: July 2016

Introdução: O cancro do colo do útero é o quarto tipo de cancro feminino mais comum e o segundo mais frequente nas mulheres entre os 15 e os 44 anos. A infeção pelo vírus do papiloma humano é condição necessária na quase totalidade dos casos de cancro do colo do útero; trata-se de uma doença sexualmente transmissível e todas as mulheres sexualmente ativas estão em risco de contrair infeção. Atualmente existem três vacinas contra o vírus do papiloma humano, e apesar da sua eficácia estar bem comprovada nas mulheres até aos 25 anos, não está totalmente estabelecida em idades superiores.Material e Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre a evidência atual relativa à eficácia das vacinas contra o vírus do papiloma humano nas mulheres com mais de 24 anos na prevenção do cancro do colo do útero e foi avaliada a qualidade da evidência segundo o sistema GRADE.Resultados: Foram identificados dois estudos controlados randomizados relevantes para a análise que envolveram um total de 9 571 participantes – 4 792 no grupo vacinado e 4 779 no grupo controlo – e reportaram dados relativos a 48 meses de follow-up. A redução do risco relativo foi de 41% (95% CI: 29 a 50%), – favorável para o grupo vacinado. Não existiram diferenças entre a segurança e tolerabilidade das vacinas nos grupos vacina e controlo.Conclusão: A evidência atual demonstra que as vacinas contra o vírus do papiloma humano 16 e/ou 18 nas mulheres com mais de 24 e até aos 45 anos apresentam uma eficácia importante na redução do risco de desenvolver infeção persistente e/ou adquirir lesões precursoras de cancro do colo do útero.
Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report of Complete and Sustained Response with Trabectedin
Authors: Cruz André , Bretes Luís , Reis Carlos , Furtado Irene
Published: July 2016

Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma is a very rare tumor, accounting for only 0.5% of all soft tissue sarcomas. As the other leyomiosarcomas of vascular origin, they have a poor prognosis, and radical resection with surgical margins free of tumor is the only potentially curative treatment. We present a case of a 46 year-old woman with metastatic inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma who progressed after anthracyclines and ifosfamide and achieved a complete and sustained response with trabectedin. Beyond progression, the patient started third line treatment with pazopanib. A brief review of literature is also given. This case supports the efectiveness of a recent therapeutic agent, with an impressive progression-free survival in a recurrent metastatic inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma.
O Deleite da Pintura de Rembrandt e a Polémica sobre os Erros Anatómicos de Conteúdo e Perspetiva: Comentário sobre “A Lição de Anatomia do Dr. Nicolaes Tulp”
Authors: Álvares Furtado Ivo da Piedade
Published: July 2016

N/A
Comparison and Contrast of the Elimination Campaigns for Poliomyelitis and Leprosy: Which is More Feasible?
Authors: Malheiro Luís , Pinto Sofia Correia , Sarmento Antonio , Santos Lurdes
Published: July 2016

As we approach the third decade since the WHO started addressing the eradication of poliomyelitis and leprosy, a reflection of the previous campaigns efficacy and an evaluation of further elimination feasibility is important to adapt and intensify the next steps. We performed a critical review of the poliomyelitis and leprosy eradication campaigns to evaluate their technical and operational feasibilities. Vaccination and active case search are highly effective tools against poliomyelitis. If political stability and good vaccination coverage is achieved, poliomyelitis will be an easy target for eradication. Leprosy, on the other hand, faces many barriers towards elimination. The lack of a high efficacy vaccine, the long asymptomatic but infective period, the lack of screening tests and a poorly established elimination target, prevents this disease from being eliminated. In a world where resources and funding are limited, it is apparent that poliomyelitis is a more feasible target for elimination than leprosy.
Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Antihistamínicos para a Constipação. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;11:CD009345.
Authors: Sterrantino Carmel , Duarte Gonçalo , Costa João , Vaz-Carneiro António
Published: July 2016

A constipação representa uma inflamação aguda e autolimitada da mucosa das vias aéreas superiores, que pode envolver uma ou todas de entre os seios perinasais, rinofaringe, orofaringe e laringe. É comum ter-se pelo menos um episódio por ano. Os sintomas da constipação, que podem incluir dor de garganta, crises esternutatórias, congestão nasal, rinorreia, cefaleias, mal-estar e febre baixa geralmente desaparecem dentro de alguns dias sem tratamento. O agente etiológico da maioria das constipações é o rinovírus. Embora não esteja associado letalidade, a constipação é associada com morbidade significativa. Não existe vacina ou cura para a constipação e, portanto, o seu tratamento está centrado em aliviar os sintomas. Esta revisão Cochrane teve como objetivo sintetizar a evidência existente sobre o benefício clínico de anti-histamínicos, utilizados em monoterapia, em comparação com placebo ou nenhum tratamento, em crianças e em doentes adultos com constipação. Foram incluídos um total de 18 ensaios clínicos aleatorizados, com um total de 4 342 participantes. Os principais resultados foram: 1) Anti-histamínicos têm um pequeno (dias um e dois de tratamento) efeito benéfico a curto-prazo sobre a gravidade dos sintomas globais em doentes adultos, embora este efeito não esteja presente no médio a longo prazo; 2) Os anti-histamínicos foram associados com um efeito benéfico não clinicamente relevante sobre os sintomas individuais (congestão nasal, rinorreia e esternutos); 3) Os anti-histamínicos não estão associados com um risco aumentado de efeitos adversos; 4) Nenhuma conclusão pode ser feita sobre a eficácia dos anti-histamínicos em populações pediátricas. A nossa interpretação dos resultados é que a evidência disponível é insuficiente para apoiar a prescrição ou a compra de anti-histamínicos de venda-livre para aliviar os sintomas da constipação sem componente alérgico.
Neways: Cancer Network for Welfare Aging
Authors: Pimentel Francisco Luis , Oliveira Carlos , Soares Jorge , Veríssimo Manuel
Published: July 2016

n/a
Morphine Manifesto
Authors: Neto Isabel Galriça
Published: July 2016

N/A
Endometrial Tuberculosis Simulating an Ovarian Cancer: a case report
Authors: Di Giovanni Silvia Eleonora , Cunha Teresa Margarida , Duarte Ana Luisa , Alves Ines
Published: July 2016

Female genital tuberculosis remains a major health problem in developing countries and is an important cause of infertility. As symptoms, laboratory data and physical findings are non-specific, its diagnosis can be difficult. We describe a case of a 39-year-old woman suffering from peri-umbilical pain and increased abdominal size for one year, anorexia, asthenia, weight loss, occasionally dysuria and dyspareunia, and four months amenorrhea. Laboratory data revealed cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) level of 132.3 U/mL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 42 mm/h, and gamma-globulins of 2.66 g/dL. Computed tomography scan showed loculated ascites. It was initially suspected a carcinomatous origin, but ascites evaluation was negative for malignant cells. Magnetic resonance imaging from another hospital showed endometrial heterogeneity. Therefore, an endometrial biopsy was performed demonstrating an inflammatory infiltrate with giant cells of type Langhans and bacteriological culture identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tratamento Endovascular do Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal por Via Percutânea e Anestesia Local – One Day Surgery
Authors: Sousa Joel , Brandão Daniel , Barreto Paulo , Ferreira Joana , Lopes José Almeida , Mansilha Armando
Published: July 2016

Introdução: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento endovascular do aneurisma da aorta abdominal (EVAR) por via percutânea e anestesia local, segundo o conceito de one day surgery.Material e Métodos: Análise retrospetiva, unicêntrica dos doentes com doença aneurismática aorto-ilíaca, consecutivamente submetidos a tratamento endovascular do aneurisma da aorta abdominal por via percutânea (pEVAR) pela técnica de Preclose, seguindo critérios de ambulatorização com pernoita após o procedimento. O sucesso técnico, exclusão do saco aneurismático, endoleak, reintervenção e tempo de internamento foram avaliados.Resultados: Vinte doentes consecutivos (todos homens, idade média 74,65 anos) foram tratados por pEVAR e anestesia local, dos quais 95% (19) apresentavam aneurisma da aorta abdominal e 5% (1) aneurisma da artéria ilíaca comum. Todos os implantes foram realizados com sucesso, com uma taxa de endoleak inicial de 10% (2), à custa de um endoleak 1a corrigido intraoperatoriamente com sucesso, e um endoleak 2a diagnosticado na primeira angio-tomografia computorizada pós-operatória, que selou espontaneamente no controlo aos 6 meses. O sucesso técnico inicial do encerramento percutâneo foi de 97,5%, com um caso reportado de pseudo-aneurisma femoral, corrigido posteriormente por injeção percutânea de trombina. A mediana de internamento foi de 1 dia [1-10], com follow-up médio de 11,4 meses [1-36]. A reintervenção e mortalidade são de 0% no período descrito. Conclusão: O tratamento ambulatório do aneurisma da aorta abdominal por via endovascular com acesso percutâneo segundo o nosso modelo de one day surgery é inovador, seguro e eficaz, respeitando os critérios de seleção.
Part XVI - Stereospecific ligands and their complexes. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antiproliferative activity of new platinum(IV) complexes with some O,O'-dialkyl esters of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-propanoic acid against breast cancer
Authors: Jevtic Verica V , Radic Gordana P , Seklic Dragana , Zivanovic Marko , Markovic Snezana , Trifunovic Srecko R
Published: July 2016

Synthesis of four new platinum(IV) complexes C1–C4, with bidentate N,N'-ligand precursors, O,O'-dialkyl esters L1-L4 (alkyl = ethyl, propyl, butyl and pentyl), of (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-propanoic acid, H2-S,S-eddp were reported. The reported platinum(IV) complexes characterized by elemental analysis and their structures were discussed on the bases of their infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activity was determined on tumor cell lines: human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231, human colon carcinoma HCT-116 and SW-480, using MTT test. It showed the greater the size of the investigated complex or ligand the greater the cytotoxicity.
Nutritive and bioactive compounds in hot fruits of Capsicum annuum L. from Macedonia
Authors: Simonovska Jana , Rafajlovska Vesna , Kavrakovski Zoran , Srbinoska Marija
Published: July 2016

In the pericarp, placenta and seed of red hot pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L. ssp. microcarpum longum conoides convar. Horgoska), the quantity of proteins, minerals, cellulose and reductive sugars, as well as the quantity of capsaicinoids and carotenoids was determined.

The protein content in pericarp, seed and placenta was 14.13%, 20.88%, and 25.19% from the total dry matter weight (DM), respectively. The pericarp was the richest in cellulose (26.37% DM) compared to the cellulose content in the seed (22.66% DM) and pericarp (15.05% DM). The average quantity of potassium and magnesium in seed was 5209 and 4176 mg kg-1 DM. The largest quantity of coloured substances expressed in the capsanthin content (0.42 g 100 g-1 DM) was determined in pericarp. Capsaicin content in DM weight of pericarp, seed and placenta was 5.38 mg g-1, 2.36 mg g-1 and 10.48 mg g-1, respectively. The Scoville hot value of 109 923 SHU calculated in the pericarp revealed that this pepper variety can be qualified as very pungent. The high contents of total capsaicinoids in the placenta (16.91 mg g-1 DM) and in the seed, (3.51 mg g-1 DM) were determined. Although are designated as not edible parts of hot red pepper fruits, placenta and seed are promising source for obtaining of valuable nutritive and biological compounds confirmed by the results of this study.
Analysis of major, minor and trace elements in surface sediments by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for assessment of possible contamination of Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro
Authors: Tanaskovski Bojan , Petrović Marija , Kljajić Zoran , Degetto Sandro , Stanković Slavka
Published: July 2016

Boka Kotorska Bay is on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List. There are no published papers related to the surface sediment pollution of the Bay. For the first time, elements were measured in surface sediments at nine locations in the Bay by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) technique. Si, Fe, Ca, K, Ti, Mn, P, Ba, Cr, Sr, Zn, Rb, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Sn, Sb, Hg and Cd were quantified in the surface sediments. Sediments were classified as non-polluted or polluted by counting the enrichment factor (EF), metal loading index (MLI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) based on the elemental background level of the analyzed elements in the literature, or by the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) of USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Based on USEPA’s SQGs, the surface sediment in the entire Bay can be classified as heavily polluted by As and Cr, and non-polluted by Cd and Hg, and, related to the sites, the surface sediment at the Tivat-Arsenal site was heavily polluted and at the Orahovac site was not polluted at all. The PLI (pollution load index) values for the locations of Tivat-Arsenal and Orahovac are in agreement with the conclusion based on USEPA’s SQGs. The results in this paper will establish an initial view of sediment pollution and the state of the Bay’s environment.
Optimization of supervised self-organizing maps with genetic algorithms for classification electrophoretic profiles
Authors: Tomovska Natalia , Kuzmanovski Igor , Stojanoski Kiro
Published: July 2016

Standard electrophoresis methods were used in the classification of analyzed proteins in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. Disc electrophoresis was carried out for detection of oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid on polyacrylamide gel, mainly with multiple sclerosis and other central nervous system dysfunctions. ImageMaster 1D Elite and GelPro specialized software packages were used for fast accurate image and gel analysis. The classification model was based on supervised self-organizing maps. In order to perform the modeling in automated manner genetic algorithms were used. Using this approach and a data set composed of 69 samples we were able to develop models based on supervised self-organizing maps which were able to correctly classify 83 % of the samples in the data set used for external validation.
In vitro inhibition of purified human carbonic anhydrase I and II by novel fluorene derivatives
Authors: Demirhan Hülya , Arslan Mustafa , Kaya Mustafa Oguzhan , Kaya Yeşim , Gençer Nahit , Arslan Oktay
Published: July 2016

In this study, 9-benzylidene-9H-fluorene-substituted urea (5a–p) and thiourea derivatives (5q–v) were synthesized and their inhibitory effects on the activity of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II were evaluated. hCA I and II were purified from human erythrocytes using a Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-sulphanilamide affinity column. All the synthesized compounds inhibited the activity of the hCA I and II isoenzymes. Among the synthesized compounds, 5f was found to be the most active (IC50 = 21.4 μM) for inhibition of hCA I and 5s was the most active (IC50 = 25.3 μM) for inhibition of hCA II.
Inhibition of copper corrosion in chloride solution by caffeine isolated from black tea
Authors: Gudić Senka , Oguzie Emeka Emanuel , Radonić Ani , Vrsalović Ladislav , Smoljko Ivana , Kliškić Maja
Published: July 2016

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) was isolated from black tea and characterized using different physical methods (determination of melting point, thin layer chromatography, FTIR spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometry). The corrosion inhibition performance of the caffeine isolate on copper corrosion in neutral 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The obtained results show that caffeine effectively inhibited the corrosion reaction in the chloride solution with inhibition efficiency up to » 92 %. Furthermore, caffeine was found to function essentially as a cathodic inhibitor by adsorption on the copper surface according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption free energy of » –37 kJ mol-1 indicates strong adsorption of the caffeine on the metal surface. Quantum chemical computations and molecular dynamics simulations were adapted to understudy the adsorption of a single caffeine molecule as well as a polymeric cluster of caffeine molecules on a model Cu surface at a molecular level and show good agreement with the experimental findings.
Biocomposites based on polylactic acid and their thermal behavior after recycing
Authors: Srebrenkoska Vineta , Bogoeva Gaceva Gordana , Dimeski Dimko
Published: July 2016

In this study, rice-hull-filled poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were prepared through the addition of 5 wt.% PLA-grafted-MA (CA) for the enhancement of adhesion between the polymer matrix and natural filler. The composites containing 30 wt.% rice hulls (RH) were prepared by compression molding, with particular attention given to the introduction of recycled PLA matrix, as well as to the possibility of the recycling and reuse of PLA/RH biocomposites. For all biocomposites, produced from neat polymer and RH and those produced after the recycling of PLA/RH composites, the mechanical and thermal properties were analyzed and compared to those of a commonly used thermoplastic based-polymer, polypropylene (PP), containing the same reinforcement. Thermal stability of biocomposites based on recycled PLA matrix and of the new composites produced from recycled ones was practically unchanged. Introduction of the recycled PLA matrix into biocomposites resulted in decreased flexural modulus and strengths of about 50%. Utilization of the mixture obtained after the thermal-mechanical recycling of the whole biocomposite resulted in a composite with slightly increased flexural modulus and decreased flexural strength.

The obtained results have shown that rice-hull-filled poly(lactic acid) biocomposites could be recycled and utilized for the production of new eco-materials with acceptable thermal and mechanical properties. Namely, the results for flexural strength and modulus of the recycled biocomposite samples are comparable to those of conventional formaldehyde wood medium density fiberboards used as construction elements for indoor applications.

 

Keywords:  biocomposites, polylactic acid, polypropylene, rice hulls, compression moulding.
A new approach towards synthesis of benzo[b]fluorene core
Authors: Bogdanov Jane B.
Published: July 2016

New approach towards synthesis of  benzo[b]fluorene core is described.  The model compound, 10-methoxy-11H-benzo[b]fluoren-11-one was prepared in five steps starting from dibenzylmalonic acid.  The key step was the metal catalyzed rearrangement of 3,3’-dihalo-2,2’-spirobiindan-1,1’-dione. The choice and proper activation of the metal was critical for the assembly of the benzo[b]fluorenone system. The zinc mediated rearrangement of the corresponding dibromo derivative led to the 10-hydroxy-11H-benzo[b]fluoren-11-one derivative in 52% yield.  The structure of the product was established by spectroscopic methods and was additionally confirmed by standard methylation reaction to the 10-methoxy derivative, which is known in the literature.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of quercetin in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Pavun Leposava , Đurđević Predrag , Jelikić-Stankov Milena , Đikanović Daniela , Ćirić Andrija , Uskoković-Marković Snežana
Published: July 2016

The simple, accurate and precise method based on fluorescence properties of aluminium (III)–quercetin complex, for the determination of quercetin has been developed and validated. The complex has strong emission at pH 3.30, lem = 480 nm, with lex = 420 nm. Linearity range of quercetin determination was 1.5 - 60.5 ng mL-1 with LOD 0.09 ng mL-1 and LOQ 0.27 ng mL-1. Recovery values in the range of 99.9 – 100.2 % indicate a good accuracy of the method. The established method was applied for the determination of quercetin in capsules, with Recovery value 98.3 %, standard deviation 0.22 % and coefficient of variation 0.09 %.

  The reliability of the method was checked by RP-HPLC/UV method for capsules with direct determination of quercetin after separation. The good agreement between two methods indicates the applicability usability of the proposed spectroflurometric method for quercetin determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms, with high reproducibility, and enables direct and simple determination without its prior extraction from samples.

The proposed spectrofluorimetric method has much better sensitivity and about 1000 times lower LOD and LOQ values compared to data reported in literature.
Comparative analysis of the polarization and morphological characteristics of electrochemically produced powder forms of the intermediate metals
Authors: Nikolic Nebojsa D. , Zivkovic Predrag M. , Jokic Bojan , Pavlovic Miomir G. , Stevanovic Jasmina S.
Published: July 2016

The polarization and morphological characteristics of powder forms of the group of the intermediate metals were examined by the analysis of silver and copper electrodeposition processes at high overpotentials. The pine-like dendrites constructed from the corncob-like forms, very similar to each others, were obtained by electrodeposition of these metals at the overpotential belonging to the plateaus of the limiting diffusion current density. The completely different situation was observed by electrodeposition of silver and copper at the overpotential outside the plateaus of the limiting diffusion current density in the zone of the fast increase of the current density with the overpotential. The silver dendrites, very similar to silver and copper dendrites obtained inside the plateaus of the limiting diffusion current density, were obtained at the overpotential outside the plateau. Due to the lower overpotential for hydrogen evolution for copper, hydrogen produced during copper electrodeposition process strongly affected the surface morphology of copper. The same shape of the polarization curves with the completely different surface morphology of Cu and Ag electrodeposited at overpotentials after the inflection point clearly indicates on the importance of morphological analysis in the investigation of polarization characteristics of the electrodeposition systems. Role of hydrogen as crucial parameter in the continuous change of copper surface morphology from dendrites to the honeycomb-like structures was investigated in detail. On the basis of this analysis, the transitional character of the intermediate metals between the normal and inert metals was considered. The typical powder forms characterizing electrodeposition of the intermediate metals were also defined and systematized.
Administração: Embates da Profissão e a Produção de um Campo de Trabalho
Authors: Souza Susane Petinelli , Waiandt Claudiani , Junquilho Gelson Da Silva
Published: July 2016

O artigo mostra os diferentes processos que levaram à emergência da administração como uma atividade profissional. Seu objetivo é dar a conhecer os movimentos que levaram à necessidade de administradores profissionais no Brasil e discutir alguns dos embates da profissão. Os processos de profissionalização são a necessidade de trabalho assalariado nas cidades por parte de uma população crescente, a necessidade de burocratas para o aparelhamento estatal no Brasil, de administradores para o gerenciamento em organizações privadas, e a desvalorização de determinados diplomas, em conjunto com a busca pela certificação no ensino superior numa área que anuncia empregabilidade. Em relação aos embates, administradores não são profissionais voltados apenas à concepção, tampouco são apenas técnicos. Aspectos políticos e valores não estão desvinculados das práticas de gestão administração. É preciso investigar como esses profissionais constroem no cotidiano, coletivamente nas organizações, práticas de gestão, tomadas em seus aspectos múltiplos e processuais.
Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Prathap Priya , M.I Elsy , K. N Ajitha , Kumar Ajith , George Sandhya
Published: July 2016

Context: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions  (cADR) constitute 2-3% of all hospitalized patients. However there is paucity of data regarding occurrence of cADR among out patients. Hence we decided to do a study on clinical profile of cADR and to find out the common drugs resulting in cADR  .

Objective: To observe the clinical spectrum and the causative drugs of cADR  among patients attending  Dermatology Department in our hospital.

Methods: Patients with cADR who attended Dermatology Out Patient Department (OPD) in our institution  were studied for a period of one year.

Results:71 patients were diagnosed to have cADR. Male to female ratio was 1.15 :1. Maculopapular rash (22/71 ; 31%) was the commonest presentation followed by generalised pruritus (16/71; 22.5%) , fixed drug eruption( FDE) ( 8/71 ;11.3%) and urticaria (5/71 ;7%). Antimicrobials (40.8%), NSAIDS (22.5%) and  Antiepileptics (22.5 %) were the common drugs responsible for these eruptions.  
A study on the difference of attitude towards the acceptance level of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) System among the eighth grade students of Hooghly District in West Bengal
Authors: Basu Dr. Saugata , Debnath Dr. Debabrata
Published: July 2016

The National Policy of Education (1986) had emphasized upon continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) for the improvement of the quality of school education [1]. Continuous and comprehensive evaluation is an education system newly introduced by the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (WBBSE) [2]. It emphasizes two fold objectives - Continuity in evaluation and assessment of broad based learning. The present investigation was taken to study the difference of attitude towards the acceptance level of continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) system among the students of three randomly selected schools of Hooghly District of West Bengal. The investigators prepared standardized questionnaires for the purpose of the present dissertation. The students’ attitude, reflected in the questionnaire, was analysed statistically with IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20.0.
Implementation of Internship in 2 Year B.Ed. Course – A Challenge or Routine Task
Authors: Chakrabarty Dr. Parijat
Published: July 2016

In the recent years all over India there has been a drastic change in B.Ed. course. The switch over to one year course to two year B.Ed. course is quite interesting and challenging task. Any teacher education course seeks to train teacher having requisite teaching skills. Practicum approach adopted in the modern teacher education course is to place a student teacher in a classroom situation under the supervision of a qualified teacher. The concept of Internship introduced in the two year B.Ed. course throughout the country is quite challenging one for all the teacher education institutions. The aim of internship program is to incorporate teaching skills among the student teachers.  Internship program is an effective way to give training to the student-teachers about real world of work. It give them an opportunity to integrate theory and practice, plan and deliver lessons properly, critically analyze their own and peers teaching styles and improve them in the light of feedback given by supervisors. Through this program they understand the role and responsibilities of professional teachers. Internship program also give them opportunity to understand different aspects of school program and improve their skills and abilities in teaching profession. An effective and improved internship program is required in developing student-teachers personalities as true professionals in field of education. 
Proto-historic Copper Tools in Rajasthan: An Overview
Authors: Dhaka Dr. Ambika
Published: July 2016

The discovery of metal technology has been a turning point in bringing about a revolutionary change in the living pattern of human race. Certain historical periods got identified with names of metals as prefix signifying the technological know-how of the people. The earliest features of urban life in Indian subcontinent are indebted to Harappan legacy who were skilled in making implements of copper and its alloys. Apart from Harappans, some other cultures also flourished which were either contemporary or later to Harappans. Here, a mention may be made of Chalcolithic Cultures and Copper Hoards Culture located in north, central and western parts of India. The problem of Copper Hoards Culture is still an unresolved issue and a matter of debate among archaeologists. The distinct and unique tool typology of Copper Hoards from Rajasthan is noteworthy in comparison to its counterpart in Gangetic Valley.  Copper objects like anthropomorphs, tanged khurpis, shouldered axes, lugged celts etc. are characteristics of Gangetic valley which are conspicuous by their absence in Rajasthan.
Horror and Evil
Authors: Pišev Marko
Published: July 2016

This paper deals with the relationship between the real and the unreal in horror literature. Its basic premise is that the concept of evil in horror stories stems from liminal content which is the product of the authors' subjective experiences of reality. The aim of the paper is to answer the question of whether such conceptualizations of evil can be put into a certain socio-cultural context, or are they arbitrary seeing as they are rooted in the imagination of individual writers. In order to understand this dilemma, this paper focuses on the analysis of instructions for writing horror stories in the form of books, essays and forewords formulated by leading contemporary horror authors, which, among other things, consider the thematization of evil in horror prose.
Exploring Limbo: The Experience of Job-Loss and Unemployment in a Jewellery City in Italy
Authors: F. Fontefrancesco Michele
Published: July 2016

The article investigates the experience of job-loss and the following unemployment. Based on the ethnographic research conducted in Valenza, Italy, between 2008 and 2012, the article challenges an interpretation of unemployment as a liminal phase. I argue former workers experience unemployment as a “Limbo” – an existential condition underpinned by the ambiguity of being and at the same time not-being a worker. The exploration of this “Limbo” sheds light on the emotional, physical and symbolic labour that laid-off workers undertake facing their new condition. This research offers elements to read the loss of a job as an exit from a community of practices and to investigate the ways in which individual negotiate this departure.
Lenin`s Brain: An Attempt of “Materialistically Based Genius”
Authors: Subotić Milan
Published: July 2016

In this paper, an attempt to confirm the faith in Lenin`s genius by the help of the neurological research of Lenin`s brain has been presented and interpreted. Considering “the cult of personality” as a permanent and significant characteristic of the ‘Soviet-type’ political system, the author has reconstructed an aspect of the posthumous (mis)use of the Lenin`s body undertaken to consolidate the regime and strengthen the legitimacy of Bolshevik power. A frequently thematized symbolic and political meaning of the embalming and exposing of Lenin`s body in the Mausoleum has in this paper been amended by taking into consideration the activities of the Moscow Brain Research Institute which was founded in order to prove the genius of the October Revolution Leader. Regardless of the limited results, the use of science in creating and strengthening the cult of a leader presented, in the author`s opinion, a paradoxical combination of the enlightenment genealogy of the Marxist theory and Soviet political practice.
Multilingualism as Habitus: Discourse of the Banat Germans on the Period between the Wolrd Wars
Authors: Krel Aleksandar , Mandić Marija
Published: July 2016

Multilingualism in the Banat has been shaped by language policies of the various multiethnic empires and states over the centuries. Thus, a short overview of the language policy in the Habsburg Monarchy, Austro-Hungary and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia is initially presented. The paper however sheds light upon the period under the reign of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, i.e. the period between the World Wars. The analysis is based upon the contemporary fieldwork conducted among the Serbian Banat Germans, who referred to the habitual practices of multilingualism in the interwar period.
The Final Girl on the Freeway: Adaptation and Appropriation of a Fairy Tale
Authors: Kloda James
Published: July 2016

Fairy tales and their adaptations transgress established social, cultural and temporal boundaries. This paper examines Matthew Bright’s Freeway (1996), an adaptation of Little Red Riding Hood that deliberately mirrors this transgression by setting the film within the generic type of horror cinema. In choosing this mode, Bright partly restores the fairy tale to its original purpose, once existing as a folktale full of high melodrama, but goes further, criticising the text of ‘known pattern’ and overhauling it to a story in which an innocent female under attack restores her own equilibrium: in effect, deploying the ‘final girl’ trope that is common in slasher movies.

Freeway uses its adaptive status to radically reinterpret the source text, fomenting its oppositional assault through a genre most suited to subversion. Through textual analysis, the paper examines how Bright harnesses the potential of the cinematographic medium through a double interaction, one that not only allows a coded opening of the internal, intertextual space of the adaptation, but also an antagonistic encounter rooted in the context of horror cinema.
The United States of “Zombieland”: Migration in Popular Culture as Exemplified by a Zombie Outbreak
Authors: Mandić Marina
Published: July 2016

Migrations are one of the central discourses of contemporary society: they are the catalyst of social change; they influence changes in social structure, relations and positions, for migrants themselves as well as the residents of host countries. In the circumstances of a zombie outbreak the reasons and goals of migration can be simplified to one basic motive: leaving and avoiding areas populated by zombies with the aim of basic survival. I believe that the possibility of leaving represents the possibility of survival, which directly influences the formation of new networks of social relations, and thus, the survival of society. Following this logic, migrations emerge as one of the basic methods of survival in the zombie narrative, or rather, the basic method of rebuilding and redefining the social system.

Even though there are different approaches to migration, authors who study this field do not mention or study migration represented in popular culture. At the same time, authors who study zombie movies do not give their attention to the process of migration. The paper points to a specific form of “invented” migrations, or rather a form of migration which, through its metaphorical narration displays patterns similar to patterns visible in contemporary society.  The paper will analyze forms of migration which appear in pop-culture narratives, or rather, display the ways in which theoretical concepts use to define types of migration in real social contexts can be used to analyze the narratives of zombie movies.
Haunting Lessons
Authors: Jurich Joscelyn
Published: July 2016

This paper examines horror through works by three artists taking the sites and remains of extreme violence as their subject matters: Australian actress Kym Vercoe’s performance piece, “Seven Kilometres Northeast,”(2010) Bosnian director Jasmila Žbanić’s film based on the same piece, “For Those Who Can Tell No Tales” (2013) and Bosnian photographer Ziyah Gafić’s ongoing project, “Quest for Identity,” begun in 2011, a series of photographs of the material remains found in mass graves around Srebrenica, several of which are displayed in the Srebrenica Memorial Room in the former Dutchbat headquarters in Potočari. Vercoe’s and Žbanić’s works focus on Višegrad and specifically upon the Vilina Vlas spa, which was used as a rape camp during the Bosnian war. Spaces such as these where acts of violence occurred carry more than traces; they are replete with the environments of past events that linger and animate them. They are what Avery Gordon describes as haunted sites of social life that are not easily perceivable but make their presence felt. Through examining these artistic works, I argue that they reveal how the seemingly inanimate may become an animated site of horror yet are also engaged creative attempts to transform psychic and spatial abjection motivated by a productive haunting of “something-to-be-done”.
A bivariate trend analysis to investigate the effect of increasing urbanisation on flood characteristics
Authors: Requena Ana I. , Prosdocimi Ilaria , Kjeldsen Thomas R. , Mediero Luis
Published: July 2016

Flood frequency analyses are usually based on the assumption of stationarity, which might be unrealistic if changes in climate, land uses or urbanisation impact the study catchment. Moreover, most non-stationarity studies only focus on peak flows, ignoring other flood characteristics. In this study, the potential effect of increasing urbanisation on the bivariate relationship of peak flows and volumes is investigated in a case study in the northwest of England, consisting of an increasingly urbanised catchment and a nearby hydrologically and climatologically similar unchanged rural (control) catchment. The study is performed via Kendall's tau and copulas. Temporal trends are studied visually and by formal tests, considering variables individually and jointly. Bivariate joint return period curves associated with consecutive time periods are compared to understand the joint implications of such bivariate trends. Although no significant bivariate trends were detected, hydrologically relevant trends were found in the urbanised catchment.
The effect of increasing carbon dioxide level on rainwater: a numeric study of Nigeria
Authors: Nwaeze Emmanuel , Ehiri Richard C.
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates the effect of increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on rainwater. The design of this research includes the collection and analysis of recorded partial pressures of carbon dioxide (pCO2) at six air-space control stations in Nigeria. The already established equations for the chemistry of water constitute the theoretical framework of this investigation. These equations resolve into a mathematical model which connects the pCO2 and the activity index of hydrogen ions (pH) in rainwater. A cubic polynomial, which represents the predictive framework of this study, fits the average pCO2, while the model generates the corresponding pH. The obtained results show that the increasing levels of CO2 contribute to climate change and the proportionate decrease of pH in rainwater. An extrapolated result reveals that the acidity of rainwater will increase from 5.3% in 2000 to 93.7% by 2050.
Which is better for optimizing the biosorption process of lead – central composite design or the Taguchi technique?
Authors: Azari Ali , Mesdaghinia Alireza , Ghanizadeh Ghader , Masoumbeigi Hossein , Pirsaheb Meghdad , Ghafari Hamid Reza , Khosravi Touba , Sharafi Kiomars
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate central composite design (CCD) and the Taguchi technique in the adsorption process. Contact time, initial concentration, and pH were selected as the variables, and the removal efficiency of Pb was chosen for the designated response. In addition, face-centered CCD and the L9 orthogonal array were used for the experimental design. The result indicated that, at optimum conditions, the removal efficiency of Pb was 80%. However, the value of R2 was greater than 0.95 for both the CCD and Taguchi techniques, which revealed that both techniques were suitable and in conformity with each other. Moreover, the results of analysis of variance and Prob > F < 0.05 showed the appropriate fit of the designated model with the experimental results. The probability of classifying the contributing variables by giving a percentage of the response quantity (Pb removal) made the Taguchi model an appropriate method for examining the effectiveness of different factors. pH was evaluated as the best input factor as it contributed 66.2% of Pb removal. The Taguchi technique was additionally confirmed by three-dimensional contour plots of CCD. Consequently, the Taguchi method with nine experimental runs and easy interaction plots is an appropriate substitute for CCD for several chemical engineering functions.
Isolated Vaginal Agenesis Associated with Multiple Gastrointestinal Anomalies: A Case Report
Authors: Angotti Rossella , Molinaro Francesco , Bulotta Anna Lavinia , Ferrara Francesco , Sica Marina , Bindi Edoardo , Messina Mario
Published: July 2016

More than 50% of infants with esophageal atresia have associated anomalies. We present a case report of a 46XX neonate with long-gap esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF), anorectal malformation, bowel duplication and vaginal agenesis. This is an unusual association of abnormalities which had not yet described in literature.
It’s not All Doom and Gloom: Prune Belly Syndrome Associated with VACTERL
Authors: Awad Karim , Lall Anupam
Published: July 2016

Prune belly syndrome is a rare abnormality; its association with VACTERL is even rarer. This association has been reported in literature a few times since first reported in 1993 and so far the majority have either been stillbirths or died shortly after birth. We present a case of Prune belly syndrome associated with VACTERL who is now one year old.
Thoracoscopic Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair: The First Iranian Group Report, Passing the Learning Curve
Authors: Hiradfar Mehran , Gharavifard Mohammad , Shojaeian Reza , Joodi Marjan , Nazarzadeh Reza , Sabzevari Alireza , Yal Nazila , Eslami Reza , Mohammadipour Ahmad , Azadmand Ali
Published: July 2016

Background: Thoracoscopic treatment of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA+TEF) is accepted as a superior technique at least in cosmetic point of view but it is considered as an advance endoscopic procedure that needs a learning curve to be performed perfectly. This is the first report of Iranian group pediatric surgeons in thoracoscopic approach to EA.Methods & Materials: Since 2010, twenty four cases with EA+TEF underwent thoracoscopic approach in Sarvar children Hospital (Mashhad -Iran). During the first 6 months, thoracoscopic approach to 6 cases of EA+TEF was converted to open procedure because of technical and instrumental problems. The first case of successful thoracoscopic EA repair was accomplished in 2010 and since then, 10 cases of EA+ TEF among 18 patients were treated successfully with thoracoscopic approachResults: Overall conversion rate was 58.3% but conversion rate after the primary learning curve period, was 35.7%. The main conversion causes include difficulties in esophageal anastomosis, limited exposure and deteriorating the patient’s condition. Anastomotic leak and stenosis were observed in 20% and 40% respectively. Overall mortality rate was 4.2%.Conclusion: Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia seems feasible and safe with considerable superiorities to the conventional method although acceptable results needs a prolonged learning curve and advanced endoscopic surgical skill. Clear judgment about the best surgical intervention for EA according to all cosmetic and functional outcomes needs further studies.
Spontaneous Rupture of Splenic Hemangioma in a Neonate
Authors: Martinez-Leo Bruno , Vidal-Medina Jorge , Cervantes-Ledezma Jesus , Diaz de Leon-Rivera Arid , Diaz-Velasco Edith
Published: July 2016

Spleen vascular tumors such as hemangiomas, albeit rare, can present during neonatal period with unexplained circulatory shock. We present a case of a newborn with refractory hypovolemic shock and acute abdomen that underwent emergency splenectomy due to spontaneous rupture of a splenic hemangioma.
Right Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Associated With Hepatic Pulmonary Fusion: A Case Report
Authors: Laamiri Rachida , Belhassen Samia , Ksia Amine , Ben Salem Amina , Kechiche Nahla , Mosbahi Sana , Sahnoun Lassaad , Mekki Mongi , Belghith Mohsen , Nouri Abdellatif
Published: July 2016

We present a case of male newborn presented with respiratory distress at 21 hours of life. The patient was operated for right congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Hepatic pulmonary fusion (HPF) was found at surgery.
Pulmonary Malformations: Predictors of Neonatal Respiratory Distress and Early Surgery
Authors: Costanzo Sara , Flisetti Claudia , Vella Claudio , Rustico Mariangela , Fontana Paola , Lista Gianluca , Zirpoli Salvatore , Napolitano Marcello , Riccipetitoni Giovanna
Published: July 2016

Objectives: The objective of our study is to retrospectively analyze a single-centre series of antenatally detected pulmonary malformations (PM) and to evaluate their postnatal outcome.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all prenatally diagnosed PM patients referred to our Centre in the period between January 1999 and December 2014. All cases were diagnosed by one of our Maternal-Fetal Specialists by US examination. Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) volume ratio (CVR), development of fetal complications, need for fetal therapy, need for neonatal resuscitation and timing of surgery were analyzed.Results: A total of 70 fetuses were diagnosed with a PM in the period of study. An initial CVR higher than 1.6 was found in 16/70 patients (22.8%); 14/16 developed fetal complications (pConclusion: CVR > 1.6 and the presence of fetal complications can be considered as predictors of respiratory distress at birth and of the need for early surgery. Nevertheless, the vast majority of PM are asymptomatic at birth and only a small group of fetuses require prenatal and postnatal treatment and support.
Management of Intestinal Strictures Post Conservative Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Long Term Outcome
Authors: Houben Christoph Heinrich , Chan Kin Wai , Mou Wai Cheung , Tam Yuk Him , Lee Kim Hung
Published: July 2016

Objectives: Evaluating the long-term outcome of the surgical management for intestinal strictures developing after necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients with an intestinal stricture after completion of conservative management for NEC. They were treated during the eight years period from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2015.Results: During the study period 67 infants had an operation for NEC, of which 55 had emergency surgery. The remaining twelve infants (6 males) had a stricture and were included in the study group. Their median gestational age was 35 (range 27-40) weeks and the median weight was 2180 (range 770 - 3290) g. The onset of NEC was seen at a median of 2 (range 1- 47) days. The median peak C-reactive protein (CRP) level was 73.1 (range 25.2 – 232) mg/dl. Isolated strictures were seen in 9 (75%) patients. Two-third of all strictures (n=15) were located in the colon. Surgery was done at a median of 5 (range 3 - 13) weeks after diagnosing NEC. Primary anastomosis was the procedure of choice; only one needed a temporary colostomy. This cohort had no mortality during a median follow up of 6.25 (range 0.5 - 7.6) years, whilst the overall death rate for NEC was 15 (22 %). Two fifth of the group developed a neurological / sensory impairment.Conclusion: One fifth of the surgical workload for NEC is related to post-NEC strictures. Most strictures are located in the colonic region. In the long-term no mortality and no surgical co-morbidities were observed.