bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of different genotypes and gamma ray doses on haploidization with irradiated pollen technique in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)
Authors: Taşkın Hatıra , Kemal Yücel Namık , Baktemur Gökhan , Çömlekçioğlu Songül , Büyükalaca Saadet
Published: August 2013

Taşkın, H., Yücel, N. K., Baktemur, G., Çömlekçioğlu, S. and Büyükalaca, S. 2013. Effects of different genotypes and gamma ray doses on haploidization with irradiated pollen technique in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1165–1168. Two watermelon genotypes, one commercial watermelon variety (Ustun F1) and five different doses of gamma rays coming from Co60 were tested to develop useful haploidization procedures in watermelon. For this purpose, male flowers collected a day before anthesis were irradiated with 50, 150, 200, 275 and 300 Gy doses of gamma rays, and female flowers were pollinated with irradiated pollen the next day. Seeds extracted from fruits harvested 25 d later were opened individually in a laminar flow hood. Embryos obtained via embryo rescue technique were placed in glass tubes containing CP medium with 30 g L−1 sucrose, 8 g L−1 agar, 0.08 mg L−1 B12, and 0.02 mg L−1 IAA. Sixty haploid embryos were obtained from 43 watermelon fruits in this study. Genotype 1 was found to be the most successful genotype with 3.57 haploid embryos per 100 seeds. Among tested irradiation doses, 275 Gy was better than other doses, with 5.26 haploid embryos per 100 seeds. Considered together with irradiation dose and genotypes, the maximum number of haploid embryos was obtained from Genotype 1 pollinated with 275 Gy irradiation dose, with 6.25 haploid embryos per 100 seeds.
Genetic diversity of side-oats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula(Michx.) Torr.] populations as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers
Authors: Biligetu B. , Schellenberg M. P. , Fu Yong-Bi
Published: August 2013

Biligetu, B., Schellenberg, M. P. and Fu, Y.B. 2013. Genetic diversity of side-oats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] populations as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1105–1114. Side-oats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] is a warm-season grass widely distributed in North America and is considered as an important grass for reclamation and summer forage production in drier regions. This study assessed genetic diversity of nine wild populations of side-oats grama grass, their corresponding balanced multiple-site composite (BMSC), and a population selected for forage type (FT), using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Five AFLP primer pairs were employed to genotype 157 plants, and 312 polymorphic AFLP bands were detected. The frequencies of AFLP bands ranged from 0.01 to 0.99, and averaged 0.39. The AFLP analysis revealed 6% of the total AFLP variation present among the nine wild populations and 94% of variation within populations. The Minto population had the largest within-population diversity, while the FT population the lowest based on AFLP band richness and polymorphic loci. The BMSC population displayed significant genetic differentiation from the wild populations, but still captured substantial genetic diversity. Bayesian cluster analysis using BAPS and STRUCTURE programs revealed three and four optimal clusters of populations that explained 9.8 and 9.5% of the total AFLP variation, respectively. A genetic clustering of individual plants displayed no clear genetic separations among wild, FT, and BMSC populations, but the FT population showed some level of genetic shift, indicating the initial impact of artificial selection. These findings are significant for our understanding of the genetic diversity of side-oats grama. Large genetic variation present within populations provides a potential for further genetic enhancement.
AAC Malden soybean
Authors: Poysa V. , Woodrow L. , Yu K.
Published: August 2013

Poysa, V., Woodrow, L. and Yu, K. 2013. AAC Malden soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1277–1279. AAC Malden is a high-yielding, high-protein, large-seeded, soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistant food grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with yellow hila and acceptable processing quality for foreign and domestic tofu, soymilk and miso markets. It was developed at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre (GPCRC), Harrow, Ontario. AAC Malden is adapted to areas of southwest Ontario with 3100 or more crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 2.3 (MG 2.3).
Response of herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to four row spacings and three seeding rates in a no-till production system
Authors: Kutcher H. R. , Turkington T. K. , Clayton G. W. , Harker K. N.
Published: August 2013

Kutcher, H. R., Turkington, T. K., Clayton, G. W. and Harker, K. N. 2013. Response of herbicide-tolerant canola ( Brassica napus L.) cultivars to four row spacings and three seeding rates in a no-till production system. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1229–1236. Appropriate management practices are important to reduce input costs and to optimize yield and crop quality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum row spacing (23, 31, 46 and 61 cm) and seeding rate (3.2, 6.4 and 9.6 kg ha−1, or 87, 173 and 260 seeds planted m−2) for two herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars (an open-pollinated and a hybrid) under a no-till production system. Plant density and yield varied with row spacing, with the effect being linear in both cases. Plant density decreased with wider row spacing, from 112 plants m−2 at the 23-cm row spacing to 83 plants m−2 at the 61-cm row spacing. Yield decreased with wider row spacing, from 2397 kg ha−1 at the 23-cm row spacing to 2138 kg ha−1 at the 61-cm row spacing. Results from this study indicate that herbicide-tolerant cultivars of canola grown in no-till production systems under conditions of adequate soil fertility, effective weed management, minimal disease pressure, and good flea beetle control, produced the highest plant densities and yields at row spacing of 24–31 cm, that seeding rates in the range of 3.2–9.6 kg ha−1 had no effects on yield, and that a hybrid cultivar performed better than open-pollinated cultivars in terms of plant density, earliness and duration of flowering, and seed size. The study helps to better define the response of plant density and seed yield in herbicide-tolerant canola cultivars to changes in row spacing and seeding rate. In particular, the results of this study suggest that plant density may not be a reliable predictor of canola yield, although row spacing is an important consideration.
Prairie Sapphire flax
Authors: Duguid S. D. , Rashid K. Y.
Published: August 2013

Duguid, S. D. and Rashid, K. Y. 2013. Prairie Sapphire flax. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1271–1275. Prairie Sapphire, a medium-early maturing oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), was released in 2009 by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. Developed from the cross Macbeth/FP2030 made in 1998, Prairie Sapphire was evaluated in the Flax Cooperative Trials (2005–2007) before being registered in 2009. Prairie Sapphire's desirable combination of agronomic traits with its significantly improved oil and meal protein content should make it a useful cultivar for producers and the flax industry.
OAC Flight soft red winter wheat
Authors: Tamburic-Ilincic Lily , Smid Arend
Published: August 2013

Tamburic-Ilincic, L. and Smid, A. 2013. OAC Flight soft red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1261–1263. OAC Flight is a soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar registered for Ontario, Canada. It has high grain yield, with good pastry quality and similar resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) as the moderately susceptible check Emmit. OAC Flight is well adapted for the winter wheat growing areas of South Western Ontario.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis “Chiclero's Ulcer” in Subtropical Ecuador
Authors: Calvopiña Manuel , Martinez Leonardo , Hashiguchi Yoshihisa
Published: August 2013

An 18-year-old female presented with a severe ulcerative lesion on her right ear of 6 weeks duration. Her right ear was edematous and erythematous with a large, painless ulcerative lesion covering a third of the pinna and satellite papular lesions on the posterior. She was diagnosed with chiclero's ulcer. A skin smear stained with Diff-quik showed abundant Leishmania parasites. Chiclero's ulcer is a rare clinical presentation and is typically severe and difficult to treat. Physicians in Ecuador recommend administering prolonged intramuscular Glucantime. Side effects are common and can be severe resulting in low patient compliance. Because of preferences of the patient and the large volume needed for her weight, we recommended topical treatment with a lotion of Glucantime mixed half and half with white Merthiolate. After applying this lotion to the lesion 3 to 4 times a day for 6 weeks, the lesion healed.
A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Hospital- and Ambulatory-Based Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Bassili Amal , Fitzpatrick Christopher , Qadeer Ejaz , Fatima Razia , Floyd Katherine , Jaramillo Ernesto
Published: August 2013

A systematic review of the literature was conducted on the effectiveness of MDR-TB management. A meta-analysis of treatment outcomes of patients treated in hospitals versus ambulatory-based models was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The pooled treatment success rate was 66.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 61.4–71.1%), with no statistical difference between ambulatory (65.5%; 55.1–74.6%) and hospital-based models (66.7%; 61.0–72.0%). The pooled death rate was 10.4% (6.3–16.5%), the pooled treatment failure rate was 9.5% (7.3–12.4%), and the defaulter rate was 14.3% (10.5–19.1%). None of the differences between the two models were statistically significant for any of the outcomes considered. This work improves the quality of the evidence available supporting the World Health Organizations (WHO) recommendation that patients be treated using mainly ambulatory care, conditional on infection control measures in the home and clinic, clinical condition of the patient, availability of treatment support to facilitate adherence to treatment, and provisions for backup facility to manage patients who need inpatient treatment care.
Crushed Muscle Tissue Graft: A Efficient Repair Technique for Intraoperative Chylous Fistulas
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Naik Sudhir , Halkud Rajshekar , Nanjundappa A , Shenoy Ashok M , Chavan Purshottam
Published: August 2013

Background/objectives

Chylous fistula is an uncommon but serious complication of radical neck dissections and is a complication which can be better avoided than treated. Presence of amber colored lymph in the postoperative closed wound suction drainage is defined as chylous fistula.

Materials and methods

The study was done over 18 months analyzing neck dissections done for 245 cases for complications of chyle leak. Six cases of chyle leak were identified during the course of the study.

Results

All the six cases were repaired with crushed muscle tissue graft harvested from the remaining portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was spread out and sealed. No chyle leak complications were seen in the drains after the repair.

Conclusion

The use of crushed local muscle tissue grafts offers better chances of success for closure of chylous fistulae in the neck, especially when the fistulous opening was difficult to ligate and the site of leak was only packed with sponge gel or Surgicel®. This complication should be better avoided than repaired.

How to cite this article

Naik SM, Chavan P, Halkud R, Shenoy AM, Nanjundappa A, Gupta S. Crushed Muscle Tissue Graft: A Efficient Repair Technique for Intraoperative Chylous Fistulas. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):1-5.
Deep Neck Infections: Continuing Burden in Developing World
Authors: Kumar Surinder , Rathore Praveen Kumar , Rana Kanika
Published: August 2013

Deep neck infections (DNIs) continue to burden the health care system in developing countries like India. Aim of our study was to determine clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of DNIs, various microorganisms involved in DNIs and their antibiotic sensitivity and to study the outcome of described treatment response. Fifty patients with DNIs were managed at the department of ENT in our hospital from September 2009 to September 2010. There were 29 male (58%) and 21 female (42%) patients with age ranging from 6 months to 75 years. Maximum patients presented in emergency department with complain of neck swelling and pain. Most common abscess encountered was of submandibular region. Odontogenic cause was found to be the most common cause of DNIs. Surgical intervention was required in 39 patients. No major complications were seen. It was observed that the low socioeconomic status along with illiteracy and lack of adequate management of early infection at primary health care level lead to prevalence of these infections in developing countries like ours.

How to cite this article

Rana K, Rathore PK, Wadhwa V, Kumar S. Deep Neck Infections: Continuing Burden in Developing World. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):6-9.
Stapler Laryngectomy
Authors: Varghese Bipin T
Published: August 2013

Closed stapling of the pharynx after careful separation of the laryngeal frame work from the adjacent pharynx is a viable option in total laryngectomy for endolaryngeal cancers. Author describes his experience and improvization that ensures success in stapler laryngectomy.

How to cite this article

Varghese BT. Stapler Laryngectomy. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):10-11.
Angioleiomyoma of the Hypopharynx: A Rare Entity
Authors: Rangappa Vidya Bhushan , Suresh Raghavendra
Published: August 2013

Leiomyomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms that arise from smooth muscle. Cases have been reported in the gastrointestinal tract, brain, oral cavity and other sites. Laryngeal angioleiomyomas are infrequently reported. Literature search revealed no case reported in the hypopharynx. We report a case of 40-year-old female with angioleiomyoma of the hypopharynx. External approaches have been described in the literature for laryngeal leiomyomas. We discuss the endolaryngeal approach for removal of these tumors.

How to cite this article

Suresh R, Balasubramanya AM, Rangappa VB. Angioleiomyoma of the Hypopharynx: A Rare Entity. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):28-30.
Analytical Evaluation of Time-to-Corrosion for Chloride-Exposed Reinforced Concrete with an Admixed Corrosion Inhibitor: Part 2—Consideration of Diffusional Inhibitor Egress
Authors: Hartt William H.
Published: August 2013

A previous paper (Part 1) used a first-principles-based equation whereby the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of chloride concentration ([Cl−]) at the reinforcement depth (x) after a given time is determined considering that all relevant variables (effective diffusion coefficient, surface Cl− concentration, and x) conform to a distribution rather than being distinct. Also considered were examples where the admixed corrosion inhibitor calcium nitrite (CN) was present. By superimposing the limiting [Cl−] for CN effectiveness, as reported in the literature, upon the CDF([Cl−]) trends, the percentage of reinforcement elements for which this [Cl−] had been reached/exceeded at the reinforcement depth was determined. Further, by using a load resistance factor design-type analysis, the percentage of elements for which corrosion initiation occurs was projected. In the present effort, the added consideration of diffusional inhibitor egress over time is taken into account; the same determinations (percentage of elements for which, first, the critical [Cl−] has been reached/exceeded and, second, active corrosion has initiated) were made. Comparisons are provided between the CN loss and no loss cases and the results discussed in terms of admixed corrosion inhibitor effectiveness.
Dependence of particle nucleation and growth on high-molecular-weight gas-phase products during ozonolysis of α-pinene
Authors: Zhao J. , Ortega J. , Chen M. , McMurry P. H. , Smith J. N.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. We report the first time-dependent measurements of high-molecular-weight (up to 700 amu) gas-phase oxidation products from α-pinene ozonolysis in an aerosol chamber under dry and low-NOx conditions. Measurements of products having mole fractions ranging from 10−14 to 10−11 were carried out with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (the Cluster CIMS). Most products that were correlated with number concentrations of the smallest particles measured (10–20 nm) had molecular weights in the 430–560 amu range. Those products are proposed to be likely responsible for the initial nuclei formation and the early growth of the freshly nucleated particles based on their high molecular weights and chemical identities, both of which suggest low-volatility compounds. Another group of oxidation products in the lower mass range of 140–380 amu was well correlated with particles larger than 20 nm. We postulate that those products contributed to the later growth of particles (i.e., larger than 20 nm in diameter). Although particle nucleation in this study was primarily due to condensation of oxidation products from α-pinene ozonolysis, the involvement of residual sulfuric acid vapor in particle nucleation cannot be totally excluded.
Observing wind, aerosol particles, cloud and precipitation: Finland's new ground-based remote-sensing network
Authors: Hirsikko A. , O'Connor E. J. , Komppula M. , Korhonen K. , Pfüller A. , Giannakaki E. , Wood C. R. , Bauer-Pfundstein M. , Poikonen A. , Karppinen T. , Lonka H. , Kurri M. , Heinonen J. , Moisseev D. , Asmi E. , Aaltonen V. , Nordbo A. , Rodriguez E. , Lihavainen H. , Laaksonen A. , Lehtinen K. E. J. , Laurila T. , Petäjä T. , Kulmala M. , Viisanen Y.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The Finnish Meteorological Institute, in collaboration with the University of Helsinki, has established a new ground-based remote-sensing network in Finland. The network consists of five topographically, ecologically and climatically different sites distributed from southern to northern Finland. The main goal of the network is to monitor air pollution and boundary layer properties in near real time, with a Doppler lidar and ceilometer at each site. In addition to these operational tasks, two sites are members of the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network (ACTRIS); a Ka-band Doppler cloud radar at Sodankylä will provide cloud retrievals within CloudNet, and a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, POLLYXT (POrtabLe Lidar sYstem eXTended), in Kuopio provides optical and microphysical aerosol properties through EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Aerosol Climatology). Three C-band weather radars are located in the Helsinki metropolitan area and are deployed for operational and research applications. We carried out two inter-comparison campaigns to investigate the Doppler lidar performance. The aims of the campaigns were to compare the backscatter coefficient and retrieved wind profiles, and to optimise the lidar sensitivity through adjusting the telescope focus and data-integration time to ensure enough signals in low-aerosol-content environments. The wind profiles showed good agreement between different lidars. However, due to inaccurate telescope focus setting and varying receiver sensitivity, backscatter coefficient profiles showed disagreement between the lidars. Harsh Finnish winters could pose problems, but, due to the built-in heating systems, low ambient temperatures had no, or only a minor, impact on the lidar operation: including scanning-head motion. However, accumulation of snow and ice on the lens has been observed, which can lead to formation of a water/ice layer thus attenuating the signal inconsistently. Thus, care must be taken to ensure continuous snow removal.
DATA FUSION TECHNOLOGY OF MULTI-PLATFORM EARTH OBSERVATION ON AGRICULTURE
Authors: Xie W. , Xue Y. , Zhai L. , Sang H.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Earth observation is the gathering of information via remote sensing technologies supplemented by earth surveying techniques, encompassing the collection, analysis and presentation of data. Remote sensing technology is playing a key role on precision agriculture. From the point of view of remote sensing and photogrammetry field, this article first took an overview of its applications on agriculture throughout past 3 decades, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of remote sensing when applied on agriculture respectively, and then discussed the solution on different platform based remote sensing image and data fusion. Finally, the paper summarizes potential trends tending to broaden the precision agriculture application of remote sensing data fusion.
SUPERRESOLUTION SAR IMAGING ALGORITHM BASED ON MVM AND WEIGHTED NORM EXTRAPOLATION
Authors: Zhang P. , Chen Q. , Li Z. , Tang Z. , Liu J. , Zhao L.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. In this paper, we present an extrapolation approach, which uses minimum weighted norm constraint and minimum variance spectrum estimation, for improving synthetic aperture radar (SAR) resolution. Minimum variance method is a robust high resolution method to estimate spectrum. Based on the theory of SAR imaging, the signal model of SAR imagery is analyzed to be feasible for using data extrapolation methods to improve the resolution of SAR image. The method is used to extrapolate the efficient bandwidth in phase history field and better results are obtained compared with adaptive weighted norm extrapolation (AWNE) method and traditional imaging method using simulated data and actual measured data.
Evaluation of vegetation fire smoke plume dynamics and aerosol load using UV scanning lidar and fire-atmosphere modelling during the Mediterranean Letia 2010 experiment
Authors: Leroy-Cancellieri V. , Augustin P. , Filippi J. B. , Mari C. , Fourmentin M. , Bosseur F. , Morandini F. , Delbarre H.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Vegetation fires emit large amount of gases and aerosols which are detrimental to human health. Smoke exposure near and downwind of fires depends on the fire propagation, the atmospheric circulations and the burnt vegetation. A better knowledge of the interaction between wildfire and atmosphere is a primary requirement to investigate fire smoke and particle transport. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the usefulness of an UV scanning lidar to characterize the fire smoke plume and consequently validate fire-atmosphere model simulations. An instrumented burn was conducted in a Mediterranean area typical of ones frequently concern by wildfire with low dense shrubs. Using Lidar measurements positioned near the experimental site, fire smoke plume was thoroughly characterized by its optical properties, edge and dynamics. These parameters were obtained by combining methods based on lidar inversion technique, wavelet edge detection and a backscatter barycenter technique. The smoke plume displacement was determined using a digital video camera coupled with the Lidar. The simulation was performed using a meso-scale atmospheric model in a large eddy simulation configuration (Meso-NH) coupled to a fire propagation physical model (ForeFire) taking into account the effect of wind, slope and fuel properties. A passive numerical scalar tracer was injected in the model at fire location to mimic the smoke plume. The simulated fire smoke plume width remained within the edge smoke plume obtained from lidar measurements. The maximum smoke injection derived from lidar backscatter coefficients and the simulated passive tracer was around 200 m. The vertical position of the simulated plume barycenter was systematically below the barycenter derived from the lidar backscatter coefficients due to the oversimplified properties of the passive tracer compared to real aerosols particles. Simulated speed and horizontal location of the plume compared well with the observations derived from the videography and lidar method suggesting that fire convection and advection were correctly taken into account.
Decadal variability of heat content in South China Sea inferred from observation data and an ocean data assimilation product
Authors: Song W. , Lan J. , Liu Q. , Wang D.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Using an observation dataset of temperature and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), the decadal variability of upper ocean heat content (0–400 m; hereafter, OHC) in the South China Sea (SCS) was investigated for the period from 1958 to 2007. Decadal variability was identified as the dominant mode of upper OHC besides the seasonal cycle. According to deceasing or increasing OHC, four periods were chosen to discuss detailed processes behind OHC variability in the SCS; the four periods are 1958–1968, 1969–1981, 1982–1992, and 1993–2003. Results show that advection was the major factor for decreasing (increasing) OHC during 1958–1968 (1968–1981). During 1982–1992 and 1993–2003, the net surface heat flux was the main contributor to the variability of OHC besides the advection. The OHC, advection and net surface heat flux had significant rising tendencies during 1992–2003. The spatial characteristics of OHC variability and heat budget in the Luzon Strait, west of Luzon Island, and Xisha warm eddy region were also discussed in this paper.
Hoar crystal development and disappearance at Dome C, Antarctica: observation by near-infrared photography and passive microwave satellite
Authors: Champollion N. , Picard G. , Arnaud L. , Lefebvre E. , Fily M.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Hoar crystals episodically cover the snow surface in Antarctica and affect the roughness and reflective properties of the air–snow interface. However, little is known about their evolution and the processes responsible for their development and disappearance despite a probable influence on the surface mass balance and energy budget. To investigate hoar evolution, we use continuous observations of the surface by in situ near-infrared photography and by passive microwave remote sensing at Dome C in Antarctica. From the photography data, we retrieved a daily indicator of the presence/absence of hoar crystals using a texture analysis algorithm. The analysis of this 2 yr long time series shows that Dome C surface is covered almost half of the time by hoar. The development of hoar crystals takes a few days and seems to occur whatever the meteorological conditions. In contrast, the disappearance of hoar is rapid (a few hours) and coincident with either strong winds or with moderate winds associated with a change in wind direction from southwest (the prevailing direction) to southeast. From the microwave satellite data, we computed the polarisation ratio (i.e. horizontal over vertical polarised brightness temperatures), an indicator known to be sensitive to hoar in Greenland. Photography data and microwave polarisation ratio are correlated, i.e. high values of polarisation ratio which theoretically correspond to low snow density values near the surface are associated with the presence of hoar crystals in the photography data. Satellite data over nearly ten years (2002–2011) confirm that a strong decrease of the polarisation ratio (i.e. signature of hoar disappearance) is associated with an increase of wind speed or a change in wind direction from the prevailing direction. The photography data provides, in addition, evidence of interactions between hoar and snowfall. Further adding the combined influence of wind speed and wind direction results in a complex picture of the snow–atmosphere interactions in Antarctica which deserves further quantification and modelling.
Escrever textos, editar livros, fazer história: a Coleção Documentos Brasileiros e as transformações da historiografia nacional
Authors: Franzini Fábio
Published: August 2013

Este artigo apresenta um panorama do período áureo da Coleção Documentos Brasileiros, mostrando como, entre as décadas de 1930 e 1950 - momento em que vários outros projetos semelhantes se desenvolveram no sentido de “pensar o País” -, ela abrigou autores e obras comprometidos com a produção de um novo conhecimento sobre o Brasil, em especial no que diz respeito à história. Justamente por isso, este empreendimento editorial configurou-se também como um veículo privilegiado para a difusão de novas formas de abordar o nosso passado, desempenhando, assim, um importante papel no cenário de transformações pelas quais passava então a historiografia nacional.
When Near Death—Ask, Do Not Assume
Authors: Yalamanchali Anirudh
Published: July 2024

This essay describes the author’s experience with delivering life-and-death information to patients and families in the intensive care unit.
Industry Payments to Cardiology Fellows and Early-Career Cardiologists
Authors: Dhruva Sanket S. , Han Misop , Jing Yuezhou , Trock Bruce J. , Hogan Sean O. , Redberg Rita F.
Published: July 2024

This cohort study evaluates marketing payments from pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers to physician trainees before and after fellowship graduation.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage of Amyloid PET
Authors: Grill Joshua D. , Lingler Jennifer H.
Published: July 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the ambiguity of amyloid positron emission tomography coverage in the era of anti-amyloid therapeutics and the considerations and consequences of narrow coverage.
Technopolitics
Authors: Jethani Suneel
Published: July 2024

Technopolitics is a perspective on the interaction between humans and various forms of power that foregrounds the role of technical objects, systems, and logics in mediating this relation. As technology is advanced through innovation in science and industry, it is comprehended through discourse and then reintegrated into culture. As that happens, technology creates and contributes to political subjectivities. As a concept with utility in the humanities and social sciences and in critical interdisciplinary work, technopolitics informs the analysis of technology and society, drawing attention to how the material outcomes of technological development come to be embedded in power relations.
Fucoidan Cross‐Linking Polyacrylamide as Multifunctional Aqueous Binder Stabilizes LiCoO2 to 4.6 V
Authors: Cao Yulin , Cai Hongsheng , Xu Xin , Huang Yongcong , Zhang Fangchang , Liu Peiwen , Li Yingzhi , Nie Chenxi , Luo Wen , Mao Zhongzheng , Liao Chengzhu , Yang Mingyang , Luo Guangfu , Gu Shuai , Lu Zhouguang
Published: July 2024

Raising the cutoff voltage can efficiently increase the energy density of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO). However, upon charging over 4.55 V the LCO undergoes irreversible phase transition from the pristine O3 phase to the metastable H1‐3 phases, causing serious side reactions, which results in poor cycling stability. Herein, a multifunctional aqueous composite binder derived from the cross‐linking of fucoidan (FUC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) is developed to enhance the stability of LCO cathode at 4.6 V. The cross‐linking interaction of FUC and PAM provides a uniform coating on the surface of LCO and ensures a high peel strength for the electrode, effectively mitigating irreversible phase transition and detrimental interface side reactions. More importantly, the sulfur ester and amide groups of FUC‐PAM favorably function as surface charge compensators to the high valent Co upon charging under high voltages, thus stabilizes the surface lattice of LCO and suppresses the detrimental oxygen release. As expected, the LCO with a cutoff voltage of 4.6 V exhibits a high capacity retention of 90% after 100 cycles at a current density of 110 mA g−1. The interfacial coordination effect of composite binders offers a novel strategy to enhance the stability of high‐voltage LCO for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries.
In situ Ion Pumping Anodization to Confine Single‐Atom Fe onto TiO2 Nanotubes for Enhanced Noble‐Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Bi Jingtao , Li Chengqian , Ren Jie , Zhao Yingying , Ji Zhiyong , Wang Ting , Huang Xin , Hao Hongxun
Published: July 2024

Achieving a high dispersity of deposited transition metal is crucial in the anodization preparation of noble‐metal‐free composites for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Herein, for the first time, an in situ ion pumping anodization method is proposed to confine single‐atom Fe within the spatially ordered structure of anodized TiO2 nanotubes (TNT), assisted by ferric sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an “ion pump” to deliver Fe3+ toward anodes. Both experimental and theoretical calculations confirm that highly dispersed single‐atom Fe can interact with single‐electron‐trapped oxygen vacancies (SETOV), effectively reducing the oxygen vacancy concentration in TiO2 nanotubes. This reduction promotes efficient charge carrier separation through the Fe(III)/Fe(II) pathway and enhances hydrogen desorption, ultimately boosting the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.
Poly(aryl piperidinium)‐Based AEMs Utilizing Spirobifluorene as a Branching Agent
Authors: Ryoo Geun Woong , Shin Sang‐Hun , Song In Wook , Lim Jiheon , Shin Hosun , Kwon Ki Chang , Park Sun Hwa , Lee Jang Yong , Kwon Min Sang
Published: July 2024

The high‐performance anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are developed by incorporating 9,9′‐spirobifluorene as a 3D branching agent, addressing the common trade‐off between ion conductivity and dimensional/mechanical stability. By fine‐tuning the ratio of terphenyl to biphenyl and the amount of the branching agent, the AEM is refined, achieving high conductivity (≈190 mS cm−1 at 80 °C in 1 m KOH) with decent dimensional/mechanical properties, comparable to the recently reported state‐of‐the‐art membranes. Investigations using gas pycnometer and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that spirobifluorene enhances the fractional free volume around the membrane's backbone and more precisely modulates the separation between hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains, thus boosting both ion conductivity and mechanical stability. This membrane also displayed excellent chemical stability, with negligible degradation at 80 °C in 1 m KOH over 1,000 h. With such a membrane, an excellent cell performance is achieved, with a current density of 11.2 A cm−2 at 80 °C and 2 V in 1 m KOH, and 1.8 A cm−2 at 80 °C and 2 V in pure water conditions. The in situ membrane stability test, conducted at a constant current density of 1 A cm−2 for 500 h, showed no significant degradation.
Ultrasensitive Wearable Pressure Sensors with Stress‐Concentrated Tip‐Array Design for Long‐Term Bimodal Identification
Authors: Xie Lingjie , Lei Hao , Liu Yina , Lu Bohan , Qin Xuan , Zhu Chengyi , Ji Haifeng , Gao Zhenqiu , Wang Yifan , Lv Yangyang , Zhao Chun , Mitrovic Ivona Z. , Sun Xuhui , Wen Zhen
Published: July 2024

The great challenges for existing wearable pressure sensors are the degradation of sensing performance and weak interfacial adhesion owing to the low mechanical transfer efficiency and interfacial differences at the skin–sensor interface. Here, an ultrasensitive wearable pressure sensor is reported by introducing a stress‐concentrated tip‐array design and self‐adhesive interface for improving the detection limit. A bipyramidal microstructure with various Young's moduli is designed to improve mechanical transfer efficiency from 72.6% to 98.4%. By increasing the difference in modulus, it also mechanically amplifies the sensitivity to 8.5 V kPa−1 with a detection limit of 0.14 Pa. The self‐adhesive hydrogel is developed to strengthen the sensor–skin interface, which allows stable signals for long‐term and real‐time monitoring. It enables generating high signal‐to‐noise ratios and multifeatures when wirelessly monitoring weak pulse signals and eye muscle movements. Finally, combined with a deep learning bimodal fused network, the accuracy of fatigued driving identification is significantly increased to 95.6%.
Optoelectronic Devices for In‐Sensor Computing
Authors: Ren Qinqi , Zhu Chaoyi , Ma Sijie , Wang Zhaoqing , Yan Jianmin , Wan Tianqing , Yan Weicheng , Chai Yang
Published: July 2024

The demand for accurate perception of the physical world leads to a dramatic increase in sensory nodes. However, the transmission of massive and unstructured sensory data from sensors to computing units poses great challenges in terms of power‐efficiency, transmission bandwidth, data storage, time latency, and security. To efficiently process massive sensory data, it is crucial to achieve data compression and structuring at the sensory terminals. In‐sensor computing integrates perception, memory, and processing functions within sensors, enabling sensory terminals to perform data compression and data structuring. Here, vision sensors are adopted as an example and discuss the functions of electronic, optical, and optoelectronic hardware for visual processing. Particularly, hardware implementations of optoelectronic devices for in‐sensor visual processing that can compress and structure multidimensional vision information are examined. The underlying resistive switching mechanisms of volatile/nonvolatile optoelectronic devices and their processing operations are explored. Finally, a perspective on the future development of optoelectronic devices for in‐sensor computing is provided.
Highly Biocompatible Graphite Electrodes by Using Interface‐Stable Coating and the Application to Hemodialysis
Authors: Xu Xinkai , Xu Yi , Guo Haitao , Zhou Zanxin , Hu Wenjie , Wang Leilei , Li Shuang , Wang Shugang , Zheng Xu , Gu Qi , Xia Yuan , Cui Jingqiang , Wang Guosheng , Su Yewang
Published: July 2024

In the treatment of kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN), prolonged contact between conductivity sensors and patients' bodily fluids is required, necessitating high biocompatibility for the electrodes. However, the widely used graphite electrodes exhibit limited biocompatibility, showing a cell survival rate of only 88% under indirect contact conditions, and <56% under direct contact conditions. Here, the surface detachment of graphite electrodes in liquid environments leading to cell death upon contact is observed and a solution is proposed to enhance biocompatibility and ensure conductivity, by forming a layer of interface‐stable coating (ISC) as a conductive isolation membrane on their surface. For applications with contact requirements, graphite‐like carbon (GLC) coated graphite electrodes are investigated and developed, resulting in an exceptional cell survival rate exceeding 96% under indirect contact conditions, and a relatively high survival rate exceeding 91% under direct contact conditions, both accompanied by significant proliferation. GLC‐coated graphite electrodes are successfully to monitor the dialysate conductivity in a hemodialysis machine and achieve stable monitoring with temperature compensation. The results demonstrate ISC graphite electrodes' potential in biomedical fluid monitoring, with the developed process applicable to other fields.
Fabrication of Flexible Double‐Gate Organic Thin Film Transistor For Tactile Applications
Authors: Concas Mattia , Mascia Antonello , Lai Stefano , Bonfiglio Annalisa , Cosseddu Piero
Published: July 2024

In this work, the development of a flexible Double‐Gate (DG) organic thin film transistor (DG‐OTFT), and its employment is reported for the realization of multimodal tactile sensors. Due to the self‐encapsulation of the stacked DG architecture, highly stable organic transistors are obtained that show almost negligible degradation after 6 months. Moreover, such configuration is also very useful for the development of sensing devices. In the case, one of the two gates is used to bias and set the working point of the devices, whereas the second one is connected to a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)‐capacitor, a pyro/piezoelectric material. It is demonstrated that the charge displacement induced by the PVDF capacitor due to an applied external pressure or due to a temperature variation led to a reproducible variation of the device's output current. Using this approach high‐performing multimodal tactile sensors are obtained with sensitivity to up to 241 nA N−1 and 442 nA °C−1 respectively.
Shedding Light on Luminescence Lifetime Measurement and Associated Data Treatment
Authors: Thor Waygen , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G. , Wong Ka‐Leung , Tanner Peter A.
Published: July 2024

Luminescence lifetime is a crucial parameter in photophysical studies that bears essential physical and chemical information and that is used to quantify a variety of phenomena, from the determination of quenching mechanisms to temperature sensing and bioimaging. The current perception of lifetime measurement is that it is a trivial and fast experiment. However, despite this apparent simplicity, measuring luminescence decay and fitting the obtained data to a suitable model can be far more intricate. In this perspective, the influence of experimental parameters and fitting procedures on the determination of lifetimes are investigated and, through carefully chosen examples, it is shown that large variations, up to 10%, can be induced by varying parameters such as the data acquisition time, the baseline evaluation, or the mathematical fitting model. In order to present to a wider audience, detailed mathematical descriptions are kept out of the manuscript.
A New Perspective on the Homogeneous Coordinate System for Calculating Interatomic Distances and Their Derivatives in Terms of Internal Coordinates
Authors: Camargo Jesus , Lavor Carlile
Published: July 2024

In many chemical physics calculations, efficient computation of interatomic distances and their derivatives using internal coordinates is essential for understanding molecular structure and dynamics. This paper explores the homogeneous coordinate system as an alternative framework to simplify these calculations. It is proven that computing interatomic distances using the Euclidean model of 3D space requires almost 60% more operations than the homogeneous model, which may represent a significant difference in molecular dynamics simulations.
Copper‐loaded Milk‐Protein Derived Microgel Preserves Cardiac Metabolic Homeostasis After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hong Xiaoqian , Tian Geer , Dai Binyao , Zhou Xuhao , Gao Ying , Zhu Lianlian , Liu Haoran , Zhu Qinchao , Zhang Liwen , Zhu Yang , Ren Daxi , Guo Chengchen , Nan Jinliang , Liu Xianbao , Wang Jian'an , Ren Tanchen
Published: July 2024

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic modulation is a promising therapeutic approach to prevent adverse remodeling after MI. However, whether material‐derived cues can treat MI through metabolic regulation is mainly unexplored. Herein, a Cu2+ loaded casein microgel (CuCMG) aiming to rescue the pathological intramyocardial metabolism for MI amelioration is developed. Cu2+ is an important ion factor involved in metabolic pathways, and intracardiac copper drain is observed after MI. It is thus speculated that intramyocardial supplementation of Cu2+ can rescue myocardial metabolism. Casein, a milk‐derived protein, is screened out as Cu2+ carrier through molecular‐docking based on Cu2+ loading capacity and accessibility. CuCMGs notably attenuate MI‐induced cardiac dysfunction and maladaptive remodeling, accompanied by increased angiogenesis. The results from unbiased transcriptome profiling and oxidative phosphorylation analyses support the hypothesis that CuCMG prominently rescued the metabolic homeostasis of myocardium after MI. These findings enhance the understanding of the design and application of metabolic‐modulating biomaterials for ischemic cardiomyopathy therapy.
TRIM65/NF2/YAP1 Signaling Coordinately Orchestrates Metabolic and Immune Advantages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bian Zhixuan , Xu Chang , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Baohua , Xiao Yixuan , Liu Li , Zhao Shasha , Huang Nan , Yang Fengjiao , Zhang Yue , Xue Shaobo , Wang Xiongjun , Pan Qiuhui , Sun Fenyong
Published: July 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Significantly activated uridine nucleotide and fatty acid metabolism in HCC cells promote malignant proliferation and immune evasion. Herein, it is demonstrated that the tripartite motif 65 (TRIM65) E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase, O‐GlcNAcylated via O‐GlcNAcylation transferase, is highly expressed in HCC and facilitated metabolic remodeling to promote the accumulation of products related to uracil metabolism and palmitic acid, driving the progression of HCC. Mechanistically, it is showed that TRIM65 mediates ubiquitylation at the K44 residue of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), the key protein upstream of classical Hippo signaling. Accelerated NF2 degradation inhibits yes‐associated protein 1 phosphorylation, inducing aberrant activation of related metabolic enzyme transcription, and orchestrating metabolic and immune advantages. In conclusion, these results reveal a critical role for the TRIM family molecule TRIM65 in supporting HCC cell survival and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting its E3 ligase activity to alter the regulation of proteasomal degradation.
Core‐Shell Gel Nanofiber Scaffolds Constructed by Microfluidic Spinning toward Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Dong Yue , Ding Zongkun , Bai Yuting , Lu Ling‐Yu , Dong Ting , Li Qing , Liu Ji‐Dong , Chen Su
Published: July 2024

Growing demand for wound care resulting from the increasing chronic diseases and trauma brings intense pressure to global medical health service system. Artificial skin provides mechanical and microenvironmental support for wound, which is crucial in wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, challenges still remain in the clinical application of artificial skin since the lack of the synergy effect of necessary performance. In this study, a multi‐functional artificial skin is fabricated through microfluidic spinning technology by using core‐shell gel nanofiber scaffolds (NFSs). This strategy can precisely manipulate the microstructure of artificial skin under microscale. The as‐prepared artificial skin demonstrates superior characteristics including surface wettability, breathability, high mechanical strength, strain sensitivity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Notably, this artificial skin has the capability to deliver medications in a controlled and sustained manner, thereby accelerating the wound healing process. This innovative approach paves the way for the development of a new generation of artificial skin and introduces a novel concept for the structural design of the unique core‐shell gel NFSs.
Seeing Through Muddy Water: Laser‐Induced Graphene for Portable Tomography Imaging
Authors: Zhong Haosong , Lu Xupeng , Yang Rongliang , Pan Yexin , Lin Jing , Kim Minseong , Chen Siyu , Li Mitch Guijun
Published: July 2024

Due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties, graphene synthesized by laser scribing on polyimide (PI) offers excellent opportunities for photothermal applications, antiviral and antibacterial surfaces, and electrochemical storage and sensing. However, the utilization of such graphene for imaging is yet to be explored. Herein, using chemically durable and electrically conductive laser‐induced graphene (LIG) for tomography imaging in aqueous suspensions is proposed. These graphene electrodes are designed as impedance imaging units for four‐terminal electrical measurements. Using the real‐time portable imaging prototypes, the conductive and dielectric objects can be seen in clear and muddy water with equivalent impedance modeling. This low‐cost graphene tomography measurement system offers significant advantages over traditional visual cameras, in which the suspended muddy particles hinder the imaging resolution. This research shows the potential of applying graphene nanomaterials in emerging marine technologies, such as underwater robotics and automatic fisheries.