bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitalized Evaluation of Welder Skill by using Cyclogram Characteristics
Authors: Kuoch Seamkong , Warinsiriruk Eakkachai , Joy-A-Ka Sutep
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes a new evaluation method for welder skill in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process in term of studying the natural hand-movement that affect the signal processing. Weld quality of GMAW generally depends on welder skill to maintain the uniform of hand movement. Therefore, the welder skill is considered as the critical point to maintain the weld quality. Hence, welding current and voltage signal could be an alternative way for monitoring and assessing the skill of welder based on the signal variation of the welding process. This research defines in two stages, first is the physical-simulation using robot welding Fanuc Arc Mate 100iB and monitoring the signal using Cyclogram technique. Second is comparing the Cyclogram characteristic of robot welding and manual welder. By using the data acquired, the characteristic of Cyclogram was analyzed by varying Torch angle change (W1) and Torch-height change (W2) to investigate the signal processing. Furthermore, the data of current and voltage were generated as a quantitative method to determine the size of Cyclogram. The results show that the method capable of differentiating the two beginner welders compare to the robot welding performance based area of Cyclogram characteristic. Finally, the Cyclogram could be a novel tool for monitoring and evaluating the welder skill with high sensitivity to detect hand motion.
Design and reliability analysis of accommodation work barge mooring configuration at a tension leg platform in Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Juan Antonio , Paramashanti  , Rildova  , Setyawan Heri
Published: February 2019

An Accommodation Work Barge in Makassar Strait attaches to a Tension Leg Platform (TLP), a floating offshore platform operating in deep-water oil and gas field for a well intervention project. The mooring system are tied up to the north mooring lines of the vessel, whilst hawsers from the TLP connected to the south lines of the vessel. The TLP is fitted with two “TH” lines on its south side. However, these “TH” lines fail due to the unknown reason. The purpose of this study is to evaluate mooring performances to support the TLP operation by using API RP2SK recommendation, which suggests line tension limit, TLP offset, and minimum clearance between facilities. This study assesses reliability index (β) of the recommended design to evaluate whether the TH lines are required or could be eliminated. Mooring analysis is performed using ORCAFLEX for intact and damaged condition, while Monte Carlo simulation is performed to get system failure probability with minimum breaking strength ratio (%MBS) as required parameter. From the results, it is found that TH lines could be eliminated, as they do not affect significantly to the system. The analysis delivers a very secure index (β=14.676) with probability of failure below 10-5.
Risk based decision making in highway slope geometry design
Authors: Aulia Arifani Hasna , Adi Prakoso Widjojo
Published: February 2019

Soil uncertainties should be considered in the safety and economic evaluation of geotechnical structures. The impact of uncertainties in risk assessment help engineer in deciding a safer and economically feasible design of geotechnical structures. This paper studies the effect of red clay soil strength uncertainties on the highway excavated slope geometry designs. Different slope geometries are considered: slope angles of 27, 34, 45 and 63 degrees and slope heights of 5 m, 10 m and 15 m. The probabilistic analysis of slope stability is conducted using SLOPE/W to obtain the probability of failure, as well as the failed soil mass volume. The resulting probabilities are used in the quantitative decision making analysis on slope geometries. The Expected Monetary Value (EMV) derived from the construction costs, the repair costs, as well as the highway closure losses for different Levels of Service, is used in the analysis. The decision-making analysis results provide an overview of how the consequences of slope failures determining the decisions made. The consequences of slope failure indicate the design should lean on the gentle slope.
Pile lateral subgrade reaction modulus for Jakarta
Authors: Nadilla Saskia , Adi Prakoso Widjojo
Published: February 2019

The behavior of laterally loaded piles could be simulated by the subgrade reaction model. The primary soil parameter for this model is the subgrade reaction modulus, and in this paper, the correlation between the subgrade reaction modulus and the soil N-SPT value is examined by conducting numerical analyses of 34 pile cyclic lateral load tests in Jakarta. In each analysis, the pile is modeled as a series of beam elements, while the surrounding soil is modeled as a series of linear elastic springs. The moduli are varied according to the N-SPT values recorded in the associated deep boring data. In each load cycle, a trial and error process is conducted to match the resulting pile head lateral deflection to the measured value. The resulting correlation between the subgrade reaction modulus and the pile lateral deflection is presented for the 34 case studies and compared to a correlation in the literature. Furthermore, the analyses reveal that subgrade reaction modulus is affected by the magnitude of measured deflection, by the applied lateral loads, as well as by the construction methods.
Exploring human genome feature for improving genetic algorithm performance
Authors: Zukhruf Febri , Susan Kurnia Irma , Bona Frazila Russ , Irawan Nugraha Gaga , Rizky A.A Syamsunarno Mas
Published: February 2019

Genetic algorithm (i.e., GA) has longtermly obtained an extensive recognition for solving the optimization problem. Its pipelines process, which involves several operations, has been applied in many NP-hard problems, including the transportation network design problem (i.e., TNDP). As part of evolutionary computation methods, GA is inspired by Darwinian evolution, which is relied on the genetic operators (i.e., recombination, and mutation). On other side, the considerably achievement has been acquired by the genome researches, which offers an opportunity to deeply explore the recombination and mutation processes. This paper then presents variants of GA, which are inspired by the recent genome evidence of genetic operators. This exploration expectantly extends the benefit of evolution-based algorithm, which has been shown by the previous finding of GA. For examining the performance of proposed GA, the numerical experiment is involved for solving the TNDP. The performance comparisons show that the variation of crossover rate within a certain group of population provide better result than the standard GA.
Development of pre-time intersection isolated signal using a fuzzy logic model
Authors: Studyana Moch D. , Sjafruddin Ade , Kusumantoro Iwan P. , Soeharyadi Yudi
Published: February 2019

We investigate the development of pre-time signal intersection operating systems for isolated intersections using Fuzzy Logic models. The traffic signal system setting in Indonesia has been using the Indonesia Road Capacity Manual model 1997, for example it is installed at the intersection in large cities in Indonesia. The development of the Fuzzy Logic model is focused on improving the performance of the signaled intersection, using a combination of numerical variable analysis used by IRCM 1997, and the linguistic or traffic behavior variable as the basis of the Fuzzy Logic model study. The combination of the two variables in the Fuzzy Logic model analysis is expected to improve the intersection performance. The Fuzzy Logic model process involves the Membership Function theory as the basis for the confidence level of the traffic variable to be surveyed, and the Fuzzy Inference Engine to measure the choice of combinations of variables that will be selected to make the best performance of the intersection. The geometric of intersection must be control as it involves the input of research data, especially on the condition of the intersection legs and markers of motor cycle-special stopping places, which is a potential of a traffic violation by traveller. The model is verified with fuzzified data from 2017 traffic research survey in Bandung. As an illustration of the majority of intersection setting with an isolated pre-time operating system, there are 60 intersection points or 85% of the total 71 intersections available. This would be a potentially major problem when performance improvements is not carried out. The final analysis shows that the number of vehicles queues decreases while the traffic flows passing through the intersection increases, therefore fuzzy logic model is expected to contribute and to give alternative handling for intersection performance with pre-time operational.
A brief review: traffic conflict techniques and the challenges of the studies in Indonesia
Authors: Srie Kusumastutie Naomi , Rusmandani Pipit
Published: February 2019

For the past 50 years, Traffic Conflict Technique (TCT) has been growing rapidly as Surrogate Safety Measure (SSM). Unfortunately, the study of TCT as a road safety analysis tool in Indonesia is still limited. This article aims to describe the developments of TCT, regarding to the use of manual observation, automated video analysis and simulations with the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). This article also aims to identify the challenges of TCT implementation in improving road safety in Indonesia. Thus, it is expected to inspire researchers in Indonesia to develop TCT, for example by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and microsimulation in TCT studies.
Activity-travel participation, multitasking in travel and daily well-being
Authors: Fatihah Mohd Fauzi Nurul , Dharmowijoyo Dimas B.E.
Published: February 2019

Using hierarchical liniear regression and multi-dimensional three-week household time-use and activity diary, this study investigated the interaction among spatiotemporal variables on percentage time of engaging multitasking in travel, and how endogenous of percentage time of engaging multitasking in travel interact with other spatiotemporal variables on individuals’ daily subjective well-being. Different from descriptive analysis result, the result in using hierarchical linear regression shows that having tighter time-space constraints tend to positively correlate with performing multitasking activities within travel more often. Moreover, the ones who peform more trips such as the youngest travellers and someone from middle income tend to perform multitasking activities in travel more often. Endogenous of percentage time of engaging multitasking in travel shows positive correlation on improving someone’s daily well-being, as expected. In term of policy implication, undertaking passive leisure within travel can be suggested to improve someone’s daily well-being. The opportunity to undertake passive leisure within travel can be an advantage of using public transport.
Economic study of groundwater irrigation system in Lampung Province
Authors: Karjadi Entin A. , Wurjanto Andojo , Ulumit Tias Devi
Published: February 2019

The utilization of groundwater for irrigation purposes in Indonesia, known as Jaringan Irigasi Air Tanah (JIAT), has been developed since 1970 and nowadays they can be found in nearly all region in Indonesia. For example, in Lampung Province, there are 112 JIAT facilities under the authority of the Mesuji Sekampung River Basin Agency. One of the benefits of JIAT is its reliability as it warrants water availability all year long. On the other hand, JIAT operation is costly. Therefore, agricultural irrigation system such as JIAT is less attractive to most farmers unless there is some kind of government subsidy. This paper presents an economic study of JIAT by comparing the benefit for the farmers with the operation cost to determine the feasibility of a JIAT facility. This study is based on the inventory data of JIAT facilities in Lampung Province. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The final result of this study is a recommendation for feasibility requirements for a JIAT facility as a whole, which can be used by River Basin Agencies (BWS/BBWS) in Indonesia as a guideline to determine the feasibility and sustainability of a JIAT facility.
Developed watershed classification index determining management priority level based on watershed carrying capacity
Authors: Sriyana Ignatius
Published: February 2019

Watershed classification index is important in terms of determining watershed management priority level based on its carrying capacity score whereby currently watershed is classified into two indexes which are “to be maintained” if the carrying capacity score is below 100 and “to be restored” if it is above 100. This index fails to capture existing condition where there are watersheds with carrying capacity score in between 90 and 110. The purpose of this paper is to propose developed watershed classification index to determine management priority level based on watershed carrying capacity score. The method used to develop the watershed classification index is Classification Interval approach. The analysis is resulting in rigorous management priority level based on developed watershed classification index which is 50 < carrying capacity ≤ 90 as Priority 3 (watershed indexed as “to be maintained”), 90 < carrying capacity ≤ 110 as Priority 2 (watershed indexed as “to be improved”) and 110 < carrying capacity ≤ 150 as Priority 1 (watershed indexed as “to be restored”). Therefore, the correct management priority level for Gangsa Watershed that has carrying capacity of 106 is Priority 2.
Testing of smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for minor loss coefficient in three-dimensional water flow in circular vertical pipe contraction
Authors: Irham Sya'bani Muhammad , Rika Marthanty RR Dwinanti , Soeryantono Herr , Sjah Jessica
Published: February 2019

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method has been developed rapidly as an alternative numerical method to solve the fluid physics problem. This meshless method is able to identify the physical entity of each fluid by interpolating the corresponding physical entity associated with the neighboring particles within the influence domain. Three-dimensional fluid flows on circular vertical pipe contraction were studied by using this method. The numerical model will be simulated by varying the number of fluid particles and the number of kernel particles within the influence domain. The conservation of mass, conservation of energy and the minor loss coefficient will be evaluated. The mass conservation and energy conservation will be reached by considering the appropriate number of initial particles and kernel particles. The results of the minor loss coefficient achieved from the numerical simulation are between 1.992 and 2.836.
Fuzzy rule-based model to optimize outflow in single reservoir operation
Authors: Anto Soentoro Edy , Pebriana Nina
Published: February 2019

Reservoir operations, especially those which regulate the outflow (release) volume, are crucial for the fulfillment of the purpose to build the reservoir. To get the best results, outflow (release) discharges need to be optimized to meet the objectives of the reservoir operation. A fuzzy rule-based model was used in this study because it can deal with uncertainty constraints and objects without clear or well-defined boundaries. The objective of this study is to determine the maximum total release volume based on water availability (i.e., a monthly release is equal to or more than monthly demand). The case study is located at Darma reservoir. A fuzzy rule-based model was used to optimize the monthly release volume, and the result was compared with that of NLP and the demand. The Sugeno fuzzy method was used to generate fuzzy rules from a given input-output data set that consisted of demand, inflow, storage, and release. The results of this study showed that the release of Sugeno method and the demand have the same basic pattern, in which the release fulfill the demand. The overall result showed that the fuzzy rule-based model with Sugeno method can be used for optimization based on real-life experiences from experts that are used to working in the field.
Association rules and regression linear model of the groundwater population by the evaluation of uranium
Authors: Lukman Iing , Natalina
Published: February 2019

The uranium available more on groundwater samples of certain types on the total alkalinity were relatively the same. But, the content of the uranium was higher in the samples. The multiple linear regression for pH as a dependent variable showed that the pH negatively correlated to the uranium, but the uranium was not significant for the linear regression model. The data of groundwater population from the samples of 127 with 12 variables of measurement of the Energy Department of the United States of America resulted in those association rules and linear regression models. The data has five factors of Producing horizon namely Ogallala Formation (TPO), Dockum Formation (TRD), Quartermaster Group (POQ), Whitehorse and Cloud Chief Group (PGWC), El Reno Group and Blaine Formation (PGEB). The step-wise linear regression for each of the five producing horizon codes was fitted to the data. Then, the regression models for each variable of producing horizon were obtained if pH was the dependent variable. If the Uranium was a dependent variable, then the regression models obtained were four only, with the model for PGEB was not able to be made. When pH as a dependent variable, it was depended upon Boron, Total alkalinity, and Bicarbonate.
2-D Numerical modelling of hydrodynamic and sediment transport in Agathis Lake
Authors: Mantasa Salve Prastica Rian , Soeryantono Herr , Rika Marthanty Dwinanti
Published: February 2019

Problems about lakes are inclining every year, especially for water quality problem. Policy decisions to conserve lakes could be well achieved by data prediction. Modelling by using software could describe the future conditions of lake and give policymakers to legislate the best alternative solution. This research studies Agathis lake characteristics. The lake is situated in Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The research employs Resource Modelling Associates (RMA) program to simulate hydraulic and water quality data. This research will determine the most representative water sampling location and type of TSS for calibration analysis. Next, this research simulates two scenarios of lake’s conditions. The simulation is run by modelling the lake with wetland scenario and with rainy season scenario. After running several iterations, the most representative water sampling location is in the upper part of the water column and the best model of TSS is mixed TSS. Two simulated scenarios produce a reasonable result and could predict the future conditions of Agathis Lake. The research recommends that the sediment trap, that is located in the inlet of the lake, should be well-treated regularly in rainy season, and Universitas Indonesia should manage and arrange the suitable plants to be applied in the future constructed wetland.
Managing risks of precast concrete supply chain: a case study
Authors: Utomo Dwi Hatmoko Jati , Agung Wibowo Mochamad , Dewi Astuty Marita , Ratna Arthaningtyas Desy , Nur Sholeh Moh
Published: February 2019

Precast concrete has typically long lead time, starting from order placement, production stage, to delivery to project site, all of which requires good supply chain management. As a consequence, the risks of its supply chains are inevitable and must be anticipated to ensure the success of a project. The aim of this research is to assess the risks of the supply chain of precast concrete from production to delivery to projects. WKB, a government-owned company that produces precast concrete, has been used as the case study. Activities along the supply chain were mapped based on five dimensions of Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR), i.e. Plan – Source – Make – Deliver – Return, upon which risks were identified. Data was collected through in-depth interview and questionnaire survey to key persons of WKB. A 1-5 Likert scale was used to quantify the occurrence and severity of risks along the supply chain. The identified risks were classified into four levels based on the multiplication of the occurrence and the severity, i.e. critical, major, moderate, and minor. A total of nine critical risks were found along the supply chain, i.e. sales forecast and planning for production (Plan); production capacity of natural material vendors (Source); sudden change of production, shortage of skilled workers, additional cost for land stockyard rental, and renewal for industrial land lease license (Make); risk of non-standard transportation (Deliver); defective and failed products (Return). This research provides a valuable understanding of the risks of the precast concrete supply chain and the mitigation strategies.
Systems engineering fundamentals of state construction supervision structure in reshaping of large city territories
Authors: Topchiy Dmitry , Tokarskiy Andrey
Published: February 2019

The article describes the significance of the Developer’s (Technical Customer) construction compliance control mechanism as an effective tool of reducing potential risks in investment and construction projects. It contains a general description of the practice of attracting organizations to conduct construction monitoring, a need for an integrated, systematic approach to the process of work acceptance. The proposed scheme of the comprehensive verification control including the laboratory validation of the Contractor’s data for the purpose of optimization and improvement of control functions was analysed using existing statistical methods. There have been indicated ways of determining qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the sample (verification control) from the universe common array (the source control of the Contractor) in compliance with the representativeness terms.
A comprehensive review of disputes prevention and resolution in construction projects
Authors: Alaloul Wesam S. , Hasaniyah Mohammed W. , Tayeh Bassam A.
Published: February 2019

The construction industry is complex, fragmented, dynamic and involves many parties in an adversarial relationship. This makes disputes almost inevitable in any construction project. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the adopted methodologies in resolving disputes that arise in the construction projects. The paper evaluates and classifies the different methods of disputes resolution. A comparison was conducted between the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The paper distinguishes between the traditional method of disputes resolution; litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods such as arbitration, mediation, med/arb, mini-trial and dispute review board. In conclusion there is no best way to solve all kind of disputes in construction projects, however, a general step by step process of how disputes should be addressed is finally presented.
Restorative Just Culture: a Study of the Practical and Economic Effects of Implementing Restorative Justice in an NHS Trust
Authors: Kaur Mannat , De Boer Robert J. , Oates Amanda , Rafferty Joe , Dekker Sidney
Published: February 2019

Restorative justice is an approach that aims to replace hurt by healing in the understanding that the perpetrators of pain are also victims of the incident themselves. In 2016, Mersey Care, an NHS community and mental health trust in the Liverpool region, implemented restorative justice (or what it termed a 'Just and Learning Culture') to fundamentally change its responses to incidents, patient harm, and complaints against staff. Although qualitative benefits from this implementation seemed obvious, it was also thought relevant to identify the economic effects of restorative justice. Through interviews with Mersey Care staff and collecting data pertaining to costs, suspensions, and absenteeism, an economic model of restorative justice was created. We found that the introduction of restorative justice has coincided with many qualitative improvements for staff, such as a reduction in suspensions and dismissals, increase in the reporting of adverse events, increase in the number of staff that feel encouraged to seek support and a slowing down of the upward trend in absence due to illness. It also improved staff retention. The economic benefits of restorative justice appear significant. After corrections for inflation, acquisitions and anomalies, we found that the salary costs averaged over two fiscal years were reduced by £ 4 million per year, coinciding with the introduction of a just and learning culture in 2016. In addition, Mersey Care reaped around £ 1 million in saved legal and termination expenses. We conservatively attribute half of these savings to the introduction of a just and learning culture itself, and the other half to non-related factors. Using this assumption, we estimate the total economic benefit of restorative justice in the case of Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust to be about £ 2.5 million or approximately 1% of the total costs and 2% of the labour costs.
Nonlinear Degradation of System Configuration During the Development of an Accident
Authors: Chatzimichailidou Maria Mikela , Karanikas Nektarios
Published: February 2019

This paper utilises a methodology named “Risk SituatiOn Awareness Provision” (RiskSOAP). RiskSOAP expresses the capability of a system to meet its safety objectives by controlling its processes and communicating threats and vulnerabilities to increase the situation awareness of its end-users and support their decision-making. In reality safety-related system features might be partially available or unavailable due to design incompleteness or malfunctions. Therefore, respectively, the availability and capability of RiskSOAP mechanisms might fluctuate over time. To examine whether changes in RiskSOAP values correspond to a system degradation, we used the results of a previous study that applied the RiskSOAP methodology to the Überlingen mid-air collision accident. Complementary to the previous application where the RiskSOAP was calculated for four milestones of the specific event, in this study we divided the accident further into seventeen time-points and we calculated the RiskSOAP indicator per time-point. The results confirmed that the degradation of the RiskSOAP capability coincided with the milestones that were closer to the mid-air collision, while the plotting of the RiskSOAP indicator against time showed its nonlinear fluctuation alongside the accident development.
Defining the optimal mixture composition of geopolymers based on the coal mine waste and the shale.
Authors: Paszek Natalia , Górski Marcin
Published: February 2019

Nowadays, industry plays one of the main roles in daily life. Extractive industry is one of the oldest industries, present in almost each country. Unfortunately, besides the benefits connected with development of the extractive industry, there are also disadvantages such as enlarging amounts of stored industrial wastes. One of the ideas how to manage with unnecessary wastes is geopolymer, relatively new material which parameters are similar to the parameters of the concrete. The paper shows the following attempts to define optimal mixture composition of geopolymer based on the wastes from the coal mine and geopolymer based on the shale from the post-mining spoil tip. Coal mine waste, shale, powdered glass waste, metakaolin and sand were used as the raw materials. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used as activators. Mixtures consisting of mentioned components used in different ratios were prepared and poured into small moulds. The compressive strength of samples was tested after 3, 5 and 7 days. From the best mixture, the bigger samples of dimensions 4x4x4cm were prepared and tested after 7 and 14 days. The paper presents characteristics of used wastes, preparation and curing processes, test procedure and finally, compressive strengths and densities of tested geopolymers.
Testing Rheological Properties of Alkali-Activated Cement Using Non-Traditional Test Methods
Authors: Kastiukas Gediminas , Zhou Xiangming , Yang Woon Y.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the rheological parameters of alkaline activated cement (AAC) paste tailored for continuous extrusion using the non-traditional test method of the direct shear box test are presented. Characteristic changes of the material’s rheological behaviour are estimated in response to variations in the water-to-solid ratio and addition of a cellulosic rheology aid. The results indicate that the increase of the water-to-solid ratio from 0.18 to 0.19 does not impact the internal angle of friction (φ) but does, however, reduce the shear yield strength, or cohesion (c), by 85%. For mixes containing cellulosic rheology aid, the internal angle of friction shows no significant change also. However, the shear yield strength for the mix with a water-to-solid ratio of 0.18 is 51% higher. The shear yield strength increases by a further 28% for the mix with a water-to-solid ratio of 0.19. These results indicate that the cellulosic rheology aid does not necessarily increase the "flow-like" characteristics of the mix which provides it plasticity and the ability to move through the extruder. It does however significantly improve its ‘green strength’, even at an increased water-to-solid ratio of 0.19, which would ultimately assist with lowering the binder density.
Expansion volume of alkali activated foamed cork composites from tungsten mining mud waste with aluminium
Authors: Beghoura Imed , Castro-Gomes Joao , Ihsan Haroon , Pickstone John , Estrada Nuno
Published: February 2019

Several mixes of alkali activated foams from tungsten mud waste (MW), grounded glass (GG) and metakaolin (MK) were developed incorporating expanded granulated cork (EGC). This study presents preliminary results of the expansion process obtained with the addition of aluminium (AL) powder as a foaming agent. 0.3 wt.%, 0.4 wt.% to 0.5wt.% of AL powder were added to the alkali activated matrix. The physical and mechanical properties of the obtained foams, the effects of the type and amount of the foaming agent added are presented and discussed. Highly porous structures were obtained, with overall expansion up to 68.2% when the AL powder was added. The size and distribution of pores are shown. The compressive strength of foams in the case of highly porous structures achieved of 1.2 MPa for the samples containing 0.5 wt.% of AL powder. Mechanical and thermal properties of the cured structure are good and can therefore be used for applications in acoustic panels and lightweight prefabricated components for thermal insulation purposes.
Design of alkali-activated materials for a modular green wall and green roof system
Authors: Manso Maria , Castro-Gomes João
Published: February 2019

This study presents the work developed with alkali activated mixtures to be used as component of a new modular green wall and green roof system (GEOGREEN). The aim is to find the most appropriate composition of alkali-activated mixture to maximize water absorption and porosity and also find a good mechanical strength with reduced density. Alkali-activated mixtures were produced using two precursors, mine waste mud from Panasqueira mine (W) and ground waste glass (G) and two alkaline activators, sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH). A ventilated oven was used to speed up the curing process. Variables as percentage substitution of W per G, molar concentration of SH, cure length and temperature, were tested to identify the reference mixture. After these tests different percentages of aggregates as sand (S), expanded cork granules (C) and expanded clay (A) were added to reference mixture (REF). Results indicate that S25 obtained the maximum compressive strength of 35 MPa after 7 curing days. However, about 30% compressive strength loss is observed after immersion of this mixture in water for 24h. Capillary absorption coefficient can reach to 4,77 kg/m2.h0,5 with C25 and to 4,11 kg/m2.h0,5 with S25. Also C50 enables a 20% density reduction compared to REF.
Management of mTOR inhibitors oral mucositis: current state of knowledge
Authors: Calvo Anne Sophie , Rochefort Juliette , Javelot Marie José , Descroix Vianney , Lescaille Géraldine
Published: February 2019

Introduction:Mucositis is a well-known side effect of classic anticancer treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Thanks to the major developments in personalizing treatments through the development of targeted treatment, various specific intraoral lesions have been described. Purpose:mTOR inhibitors are targeted anticancer treatments that are used to treat various cancer types. They can cause intraoral ulcerations that can be serious, and that can lead to a dose reduction or the anticancer treatment being stopped altogether. The management of these disabling and painful lesions is a major part of ensuring the efficiency of the cancer treatments. The objective of this article is to evaluate the current knowledge about the different treatments used nowadays, especially the preventive treatments. Conclusion:An efficient management of the lesions is a major part of the management of patients treated with mTOR inhibitors and should be carried out by the oral cavity specialists.
Assignment of autogenous bone grafts for reconstruction of the alveolar ridge before implant placement
Authors: Fourcade Claire , Lesclous Philippe , Guiol Julien
Published: February 2019

Introduction:Autologous bone is considered to be the “gold standard” for the reconstruction of the reabsorbed alveolar ridges. For small defects, autologous bone samples can be harvested from intraoral donor sites. However, extraoral donor sites are the first choice for any extensive augmentation of the alveolar ridges. The resorption of the bone grafts depends on several factors, including the recipient sites, the donor sites, volume of the bone grafts and whether or not the patient smokes. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of autologous bone graft resorption, 4 months after the surgical reconstruction, according to their sites of origin, parietal or ramus, according to the grafted site, mandible or maxilla and according to the surgical indications.Patients and methods:22 patients had 51 reconstructions of alveolar ridges with ramic or parietal onlay bone grafts. The increase of bone volume was assessed with computed tomography, immediately after augmentation (V0) and 4 months after the procedure (V1), before the placement of dental implants.Results:The mean rate of bone resorption was 26% for the parietal bone grafts and 27% for the ramus bone grafts after 4 months (p: ns). This rate was 26% for maxillary grafts and 25% for mandibular grafts (p: ns). This rate varies from 22% to 33% according to the etiology of the bone defect but these variations are not significant and ultimately, this rate of bone resorption was unaffected by the gender of patients.Conclusion:Based on these findings, the resorption of onlay grafts doesnʼt seems to be affected by the recipient and donor sites nor by the etiology of the bone defects. Parietal and ramic bone grafts showed limited resorption rates for the pre-implant reconstruction of alveolar ridges.
Multiple synchronous rhabdomyomas in the tongue and floor of the mouth: case report
Authors: Sweed Ahmed Hassan , Bolzoni Alessandro , Anna Beltramini Giada , Baj Alessandro
Published: February 2019

Observation: A 61-year-old male patient presented with tongue and base floor of the mouth firm swelling with intact overlying mucosa with ballottement by bimanual palpation. Histopathological examination and immunodiagnosis revealed this mass as adult rhabdomyoma. Comments: Any tongue base or floor of the mouth mass with intact overlying mucosa should be approached by magnetic resonance imaging with great concern of rhabdomyoma.
Inspection of the residual stress on welds using laser ultrasonic supported with finite element analysis
Authors: Ye Chong , Ume I. Charles , Zhou Yuanlai , Reddy Vishnu V.B.
Published: February 2019

Ultrasonic evaluation for residual stress measurement has been an effective method owing to its easy implementation, low cost and intrinsically being nondestructive. The velocity variations of acoustic waves in materials can be related to the stress state in the deformed medium by the acoustoelastic effects. In this study, a laser/EMAT ultrasonic method is proposed to evaluate the surface/subsurface longitudinal residual stress distribution generated by gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The velocity variation ΔV/V of Rayleigh wave, which is a surface wave, will be experimentally measured. Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser is used to generate a broadband ultrasonic wave. An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is attached to the welding plate for Rayleigh wave pick up. As the ultrasound receiver, the EMAT is used to measure time of flight (ToF) of the Rayleigh waves traveling along a specific path parallel to the direction of the welding seam. ToF measurements are obtained by changing Rayleigh wave path to welding zone center distance from 0 to 45 mm. A 3D thermomechanical-coupled finite element model is then developed to validate the capability of the proposed technique for welding-induced residual stress evaluation. The distributions of the normalized velocity variations from ToF experiments are compared with the distribution of the normalized longitudinal residual stresses from finite element analysis (FEA). It has been shown that there is a good correlation between these two distributions. The proposed technique provides a potential nondestructive avenue for surface/subsurface residual stress evaluation for welding parts.
Register: Sind Register nötig, sinnvoll, effektiv? Kontra: Aus Sicht des Wirbelsäulenchirurgen
Authors: Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Register wurden in den letzten Jahrzehnten vermehrt dazu herangezogen, wissenschaftliche Evidenz zu kreieren bzw. die Versorgungsqualität zu analysieren. Sie sind jedoch oft fehlerbehaftet und ihre Ergebnisse daher problemisch einzustufen.

Ziel der Arbeit: Diese Arbeit soll aufzeigen, warum es schwierig bis unmöglich ist, aktuelle Registerdaten dazu zu verwenden, eine wissenschaftliche Evidenz für unsere klinischen Entscheidungen zu schaffen.

Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine ausführliche Literaturrecherche über Medline sowie die Zusammenfassung der Meinung der Autoren.

Ergebnisse Ein großes Problem des Registerdesign ist der hohe Bias der Daten und das Problem unvollständiger Datensätze ohne lange Beobachtungstzeit.

Diskussion Solange Register nicht ein Mindestmaß an wissenschaftlichem Standard sicherstellen können, sind sie zur Beantwortung jeglicher Fragestellungen noch nicht geeignet.
Natürliche Killerzellen, Adipositas &
Tumorgenese
Authors: Spielmann Julia , Bähr Ina , Naujoks Wiebke , Kielstein Heike , Quandt Dagmar
Published: February 2019

Die Prävalenz für Adipositas nimmt sowohl in Industrienationen als auch in
Entwicklungsländern stetig zu. So hat sich die Zahl der fettleibigen Menschen in
den vergangenen 30 Jahren nahezu verdoppelt. Nach Schätzungen der WHO sind
weltweit 1,5 Milliarden Menschen übergewichtig (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²); 500 Millionen
Menschen gelten bereits als adipös (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). In Deutschland sind
entsprechend den Angaben des Robert-Koch-Institutes 67,1 % der Männer und 53,0 %
der Frauen übergewichtig; rund 23 % aller Erwachsenen sind adipös. Neben
Adipositas-assoziierten Folge- oder Begleiterkrankungen, wie Diabetes mellitus
Typ 2, kardiovaskuläre und degenerative Erkrankungen und
Fettstoffwechselstörungen ist auch die Prävalenz für die Entstehung von
Karzinomen durch Adipositas erhöht. Insbesondere häufig auftretende Krebsarten
wie postmenopausaler Brustkrebs und Darmkrebs stellen ein enormes medizinisches,
soziales und gesundheitspolitisches Problem dar. Das veränderte
metabolisch-immunologische Gleichgewicht, infolge von Übergewicht und
Adipositas, führt zu Funktionsverlusten von Immunzellen des angeborenen und
erworbenen Immunsystems, einschließlich den Natürlichen Killerzellen (NK-Zellen)
als Vertreter der angeborenen Immunität. Das heutige Wissen über die
Funktionsveränderungen von NK-Zellen im adipösen Organismus und deren Konsequenz
für die Entstehung und Pathogenese von Tumoren wird in dieser Übersichtsarbeit
dargestellt. Präklinische Interventionen mit beeindruckenden zellbiologischen
Effekten werden diskutiert.
Knochenfett: Pathophysiologische Wechselwirkungen mit dem
Metabolischen Syndrom
Authors: Schulz Tim J. , Schmidt-Bleek Katharina
Published: February 2019

Knochenfett stellt ein bisher kaum untersuchtes Fettdepot dar. Diese Population
von Fettzellen tritt in den Markhöhlen der meisten Röhrenknochen auf und
akkumuliert mit zunehmendem Alter und wird aus diesem Grund seit einiger Zeit
mit wichtigen Fehlfunktionen des Knochens im Alter in Zusammenhang gebracht.
Aufgrund ihrer besonderen Mikroanatomie innerhalb des Knochens stellt diese
Zellpopulation eine spezialisierte Form von Adipozyten dar, die sich zwar
morphologisch kaum von den normalen Zellen des restlichen Körperfettes
unterscheidet, sich aber in seiner physiologischen Funktion deutlich von ihnen
absetzt. Bisherige Studien lassen im gesunden Zustand eine potenzielle
regulatorische Rolle vermuten, in der die Fettzellen durch molekulare
Interaktionen mit anderen Zelltypen des Knochens, beispielsweise Osteoblasten
und hämatopoetischen Zellen, Anteil an der gesunden Knochenhomöostase haben.
Unter pathologischen Konditionen, also mit zunehmendem Alter und bei
metabolischen Erkrankungen wie Adipositas und Diabetes, verändern sich die
molekularen Charakteristika des Knochenfettes zunehmend. Zudem beeinflussen
metabolische Konditionen die Bildung von Knochenfett aus mesenchymalen
Stammzellen, mitunter zulasten der Entstehung des normalen Knochengewebes, und
könnten auf diesem Wege zum Abbau der Knochensubstanz und zur Entwicklung von
Osteoporose und erhöhtem Faktur-Risiko beitragen. Zusätzlich beeinflusst
Knochenfett den systemischen Energiestoffwechsel und kann durch die Sekretion
von Adipokinen in einer Reihe von physiologischen Prozessen eingreifen.
Adipokine & klinische Bedeutung
Authors: Blüher Matthias
Published: February 2019

Adipositas führt zu einer gestörten Funktion des Fettgewebes, die sich in ektoper
Fettverteilung, Hypertrophie von Adipozyten, Veränderungen der zellulären
Zusammensetzung und der intrazellulären Matrix sowie zu einer gestörten
endokrinen Funktion manifestiert. Neben den wichtigen Funktionen als
Energiespeicher, mechanischer Schutz und Wärmeisolator produziert das Fettgewebe
auch Peptidhormone, sogenannte Adipokine, die zu sekundären Veränderungen an
Organen wie der Leber, dem Hirn oder dem Gefäßsystem beitragen. Mit der
Vermehrung des Fettgewebes bei Adipositas entwickelt sich häufig ein
diabetogenes, pro-inflammatorisches und atherogenes Adipokinmuster. Adipokine
tragen zumindest zum Teil zum Adipositas-assoziierten Risiko für Typ-2-Diabetes,
Fettlebererkrankung, endotheliale Dysfunktion, Arteriosklerose, Bluthochdruck,
Fettstoffwechselstörungen und bestimmte Krebserkrankungen bei. Zukünftig könnten
Adipokine deshalb als Risikomarker und als Substrat oder Therapeutikum für
pharmakologische Therapiestrategien klinisch relevant werden. Im Rahmen dieses
Beitrages sollen aktuelle Erkenntnisse zur potentiellen klinischen Bedeutung von
Adipokinen vorgestellt und diskutiert werden.
Forschung in der Palliativversorgung in Deutschland: aktuelle Situation, Perspektiven und Grenzen
Authors: Hodiamont Farina , Oechsle Karin
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Erfassung von konkreten Herausforderungen sowie Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreichere bzw. konkurrenzfähige Forschung in Deutschland.

Methodik Zwei Online-Umfragen mit 18 Professor*innen und 49 nicht ärztlichen Forschenden. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte deskriptiv mittels SPSS und qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse.

Ergebnisse Die Professuren sind sehr heterogen hinsichtlich struktureller Einbindung sowie personeller, finanzieller und räumlicher Ausstattung. Institutionell wurden der Bedarf an mehr Professuren, eine adäquatere Ausstattung der Professuren und die Verbesserung der Perspektiven für nicht ärztliche und ärztliche Mitarbeitende genannt. Nicht-ärztlich Forschende verfügen über ein hohes Qualifikationsniveau, sehen sich aber strukturellen Schwierigkeiten gegenüber, die ihre Perspektive einschränken. Trotz hoher intrinsischer Motivation sieht sich die Mehrheit der Teilnehmenden in 10 Jahren nicht mehr in der Palliativversorgung tätig.

Schlussfolgerung Flexiblere und unabhängigere Finanzierung, Modelle zur Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses und die Stärkung der Multiprofessionalität sind für eine konkurrenzfähige Forschung in der Palliativversorgung nötig.
Update Ernährungsmedizin 2018
Authors: Holzapfel Christina
Published: February 2019

Zum neunten Mal hat im Oktober 2018 das Update Ernährungsmedizin unter der
wissenschaftlichen Leitung von Hans Hauner, München, stattgefunden. Am alt
bewährten Konzept, ernährungsmedizinische Themen kontrovers zu diskutieren,
wurde auch in dieser Folge des Update Ernährungsmedizin festgehalten. Neben
einer Podiumsdiskussion zur Therapie der Adipositas wurden Themen wie
Essstörungen und Mangelernährung in Vorträgen beleuchtet.
Organisationsformen in der modernen Kardiologie
Authors: Pauschinger Matthias , Weber Michael A.
Published: February 2019

Aufgrund der zunehmenden Spezialisierung in den verschiedenen Bereichen der Kardiologie und den immer anspruchsvolleren administrativen Strukturvorgaben und Mindestanforderungen an die ärztliche Qualifikation und Präsenz entwickelt sich ein Spannungsfeld zwischen verschiedenen eigenständigen Kliniken bzw. Departments innerhalb der Kardiologie in großen kardiologischen Kliniken und einer „allgemeinen Kardiologie“, die alle Schwerpunkte ohne Abteilungen oder Departmentstrukturen in sich vereint. Ganz prinzipiell ist eine Unterteilung in Departments bzw. verschiedene Abteilungen nur dann sinnvoll, wenn die Klinik eine entsprechende Größe und Struktur hat. Auf der anderen Seite muss aber auch bedacht werden, dass die Schnittstellen zwischen den verschiedenen Bereichen/Abteilungen/Departments so geregelt sind, dass die genannten Strukturvorgaben vollumfänglich realisiert werden können, um nachhaltig Qualitätsvorgaben und die inzwischen mannigfaltigen Erlösvoraussetzungen zu erfüllen. Das setzt auch interne Regelungen wirtschaftlicher Interessen im Vorfeld voraus wie z. B. ein einheitliches Budget mit jedoch differenzierter Darlegung der Leistungsdaten in den verschiedenen Bereichen inklusive Deckungsbeiträgen. Das kardiologische Behandlungsspektrum ist in weiten Teilen bestimmt durch Notfälle. Deshalb muss die Behandlung dieser Patienten in der Notaufnahme (Chest Pain Unit) und auf der Intensivstation in der Hand der Kardiologen bleiben, um eine optimale Versorgung zu sichern. Eine Unterteilung in eigenständige kardiologische Kliniken widerspricht zum Teil dem politischen Wunsch und den derzeitigen positiven Erfahrungen von Zentrumsbildungen. Wenn eine Einrichtung die entsprechende Größe hat, kann es sinnvoll sein, sogenannte Herzzentren mit Integration der Herzchirurgie zu bilden. Die wirtschaftliche Struktur dieser Herzzentren muss sehr differenziert etabliert werden, um Fehlentwicklungen und einen ungesunden internen Wettbewerb zu verhindern. Die robuste Erfüllung von Strukturvorgaben bestimmt inzwischen die Planung fast mehr als die Erfüllung medizinisch-fachlich gebotener Voraussetzungen, um einen nachhaltigen Bestand der gewählten Organisationsform der kardiologischen Klinik zu sichern. Sektorenübergreifende Versorgungsformen müssen in Zukunft mehr zur Anwendung kommen.