bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
V. László, I. Mátyás és II. Lajos magyar királyok horoszkópjai
Authors: Márton Veszprémy
Published: October 2021

In the present article I examine the extant horoscopes of three kings of Hungary, Ladislaus the Posthumous (1440–1457), his successor, Matthias Corvinus (1458–1490), and Louis II (1516–1526). Several of these horoscopes were little used by or completely unknown to modern historians, and a systematic treatment of them was a desiderata in the Hungarian scholarship for a long time. Although when examining sixteenth-century geniture collections the exact source and transmission history of a single horoscope is often difficult to reconstruct, in some cases the source of nativity horoscopes can be traced back from Johannes Kepler through Paul Eber, Georg Joachim Rheticus, Philipp Melanchthon and Johannes Schöner to Johannes Regiomontanus and Georg von Peuerbach.
An early medieval granary in Kłodnica, eastern Poland, and the largest deposit of grain legumes in Europe
Authors: Miechowicz Łukasz , Skrzyński Grzegorz
Published: October 2021

Excavations at the early medieval stronghold at Kłodnica, eastern Poland, revealed the largest known deposit of grain legumes in Europe. Dating to the turn of the tenth to eleventh century AD, and accompanied by a notable assemblage of finds, the discovery points to inter-regional connections.
Diabetic kidney disease and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Gleeson Sarah , Svetitsky Shuli , Frise Charlotte
Published: October 2021

Introduction: We systematically reviewed all relevant literature on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and pregnancy published in the last 20 years to provide accurate and up-to-date information to inform family planning and maternal care.
Methods: A systematic review was completed in PubMed and Embase. Papers reporting maternal, fetal or renal outcomes of pregnant women with DKD published between 2001 and 2020 were included.
Results: 799 potentially relevant articles were identified, 731 of which were excluded on abstract alone. 68 full-text articles were reviewed and 15 papers were included as they met the selection criteria but were heterogeneous for size, study setting and years studied. The definition of DKD varied between papers and changed over time. 843 women with 873 pregnancies were included. There were high rates of pre-eclampsia and caesarean section, up to 64% and 100% respectively. Prematurity and neonatal intensive care admission were common, reported in up to 100% and 75%, respectively. Maternal and fetal complications were more common with more severe proteinuria and renal impairment. Pregnancy did not hasten progression of DKD.
Discussion: Adverse pregnancy outcomes are frequently encountered and correlate with degree of proteinuria and renal impairment. This information enables individualised risk stratification when a woman is considering pregnancy.
Solução das equações da cinética pontual de nêutrons via Método de Fator de Integração Implícito com fonte externa
Authors: Zandoná Jaime Conte , Schaun Natália Barros , Petersen Claudio Zen , Tumelero Fernanda , Schramm Marcelo
Published: October 2021

Os autores apresentam uma abordagem semi-analítica para obter soluções para as equações da cinética pontual de nêutrons. A reatividade dependente do tempo é aproximada por aproximação constante por partes em tempo discretizado, e o sistema de equações diferenciais é resolvido por um fator de integração. O termo de fonte externa na solução possui uma integral, que é resolvida numericamente pela interpolação de polinômios de Lagrange e uma fórmula simples de quadratura. Mesmo que a fonte externa apresente não linearidade nas equações, a metodologia é apropriada. A metodologia proposta é utilizada em casos de referência padrão e seus resultados são comparados com os da literatura.
Dose profile evaluation of a 137Cs source using a solid water phantom
Authors: Portela Caio Fernando Teixeira , Alonso Thêssa Cristina , Mourão Arnado Prata
Published: October 2021

The precision in the dose values delivered in irradiation processes is essential for the efficiency and quality control of these processes. Radiochromic films can be used to record doses and the calibration of these films must be performed so that they can be used as dosimeters. The planning and control of the radiation released in a process allows to adjust the desired dose in the irradiated object. The photons in the primary beam interact with the matter of the object and the beam energy is attenuated due to these interactions. The attenuation depends on the characteristics of the beam and the composition of the irradiated matter. When a beam of photons propagates on an object, it tends to deposit more energy close to the surface and after reaching the maximum dose value, it decreases the dose values with depth. The films used in this work are of the Gafchromic External Beam Therapy (EBT) type, insensitive to visible light and can be prepared in places where sunlight and artificial light exists. Like many other dosimeters, which follow certain protocols, radiochromic films can provide an absolute dose measurement. Radiochromic films are characterized by their linearity, reproducibility, uniformity, sensitivity, and stability after irradiation. For the realization of the experiments, a part of the film to be irradiated was removed designated as background (BG). BG represents a piece of radiochromic film that will not change and reflects changes in film absorption in relation to environmental conditions such as temperature, visible light and scanning light, for example and that must be handled from it way that the film radiated. In this work, irradiations of a solid water phantom were performed using a source of cesium-137 with the deposition of a maximum absorbed dose value of 2.0 Gy. The phantom was placed 1,0 m far from the source collimator. Radiochromic films were placed inside the phantom to obtain the depth variation dose profile and axial dose profiles measured at 1.0 cm depth in the phantom. The dose variation profile in depth allowed to verify that the maximum dose value happened at a depth between 10 and 13 mm, very close to the surface due to the beam energy range (keV). The axial profiles presented a flatness of about 9.4 cm with a total field of 12 cm in diameter.
Dynamic mode decomposition of numerical data in natural circulation
Authors: Faccini José Luiz Horacio
Published: October 2021

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) has been used for experimental and numerical data analysis in fluid dynamics. Despite of its advantages, the application of the DMD methodology to investigate the natural circulation in nuclear reactors are very scarce in literature. In this paper it is applied the traditional DMD and its variation, the sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition (SPDMD), for analysis of temperature and velocity fields data, generated by computational simulation of an experimental setup in reduced scale, similar to a heat removal system by natural circulation of a pool-type research reactor. Firstly the numerical data is partitioned, using a space-time correlation approach, in order to identify fundamental sequences to compute the dynamic modes. Next, the DMD and SPDMD methodologies are applied over each subsequence to obtain the dynamic modes of the temperature and velocity fields. Finally the flow fields are reconstructed and compared with the original numerical data. The conclusion is that the SPDMD performs better than DMD to represent both the temperature and velocity data.
Quantification of effluents in the production of nuclear fuel
Authors: Costa de Castro Becca Sakai Mayara , G Riella Humberto , Fontenele Urano de Carvalho Elita
Published: October 2021

The Brazil with the purpose of becoming self-sufficient in the production of radioisotopes and radioactive sources used in nuclear medicine, agriculture and the environment developed the project of a multipurpose reactor of 30 megawatts of power to meet the national demand. In the Energy and nuclear research Institute (IPEN), Nuclear fuel Center (CCN) is responsible for the manufacture of fuel for the reactor IEA-R1 and, possibly, by the multipurpose reactor fuels. In order to meet the demand for the reactors was designed a new manufacturing plant with a maximum capacity of 60 fuel per year, which currently is 10. The increase in production as a consequence will increase the volume of effluents generated. The current concern with the environment it is necessary to draw up a management plan to make the process sustainable, which will result in environmental, economic and social benefits. The fuel production process generates various types of effluent containing uranium or not – being solid, gaseous and liquid with different physical and chemical characteristics. The objective of this work is to follow the process of nuclear fuel production and to identify, quantify and characterize the effluents, especially liquids, to subsequently draw up a management plan and eventually dispose of responsibly in the environment.
Computational simulation of a single Taylor bubble rising in a vertical column with stagnant liquid
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Rogerio Teixeira
Published: October 2021

This work presents a computational simulation of a single Taylor bubble rising in a vertical column of stagnant liquid. The computational simulation was based on the Navier-Stokes equations for isothermal, incompressible, and laminar flow, solved by using the open source software OpenFOAM. The two fluids were assumed immiscible. The governing equations were discretized by the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method and solved using the Gauss iteration method. Parametric mesh was used in order to improve the modeling of curvilinear geometry. Numerical solutions were obtained for the rise velocities and shapes of the bubbles which are in excellent agreement with experimental data and correlations from literature.
Trends in Management of Simple Febrile Seizures at US Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Raghavan Vidya R. , Porter John J. , Neuman Mark I. , Lyons Todd W.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

We sought to measure trends in evaluation and management of children with simple febrile seizures (SFSs) before and after the American Academy of Pediatrics updated guidelines published in 2011.

METHODS

In this retrospective, cross-sectional analysis, we used the Pediatric Health Information System database comprising 49 tertiary care pediatric hospitals in the United States from 2005 to 2019. We included children aged 6 to 60 months with an emergency department visit for first SFS identified using codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision.

RESULTS

We identified 142 121 children (median age 21 months, 42.4% female) with an emergency department visit for SFS. A total of 49 668 (35.0%) children presented before and 92 453 (65.1%) after the guideline. The rate of lumbar puncture for all ages declined from 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8% to 12.4%) in 2005 to 0.6% (95% CI, 0.5% to 0.8%) in 2019 (P < .001). Similar reductions were noted in rates of head computed tomography (10.6% to 1.6%; P < .001), complete blood cell count (38.8% to 10.9%; P < .001), hospital admission (19.2% to 5.2%; P < .001), and mean costs ($1523 to $601; P < .001). Reductions in all outcomes began before, and continued after, the publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics guideline. There was no significant change in delayed diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (preperiod 2 of 49 668 [0.0040%; 95% CI, 0.00049% to 0.015%], postperiod 3 of 92 453 [0.0032%; 95% CI, 0.00066% to 0.0094%]; P = .99).

CONCLUSIONS

Diagnostic testing, hospital admission, and costs decreased over the study period, without a concomitant increase in delayed diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. These data suggest most children with SFSs can be safely managed without lumber puncture or other diagnostic testing.
Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention Through the Lens of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Seetharam Karthik , Shrestha Sirish , Sengupta Partho P
Published: October 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines so they can perform various actions and execute decision-making. Machine learning (ML), a branch of AI, can analyse information from data and discover novel patterns. AI and ML are rapidly gaining prominence in healthcare as data become increasingly complex. These algorithms can enhance the role of cardiovascular imaging by automating many tasks or calculations, find new patterns or phenotypes in data and provide alternative diagnoses. In interventional cardiology, AI can assist in intraprocedural guidance, intravascular imaging and provide additional information to the operator. AI is slowly expanding its boundaries into interventional cardiology and can fundamentally alter the field. In this review, the authors discuss how AI can enhance the role of cardiovascular imaging and imaging in interventional cardiology.
Evolúciós pszichológia – az elmúlt 30 év
Authors: Bereczkei Tamás , Topál József
Published: October 2021

Tanulmányunkban arra teszünk kísérletet, hogy áttekintsük a hazai pszichológiai életben megjelenő és egyre markánsabb szerepet játszó evolúciós megközelítéseket. Bemutatjuk a 30 évvel ezelőtti állapotokat és azokat a neves kutatókat, akik az evolúciós pszichológia magyarországi létrejötte mellett bábáskodtak. Ezt követően részletesen is beszámolunk azokról a kutatásokról, amelyek a két nagy hazai evolúciós kutatóműhelyben jöttek létre, nevezetesen a Pécsi Evolúciós Pszichológia Kutatócsoportban és az MTA–ELTE Összehasonlító Etológiai Kutatócsoportból kinőtt teamekben. Végül röviden bemutatjuk azokat az eredményeket, amelyek e két nagy műhelyen kívül születtek egy-egy pszichológiai jelenség evolúciós értelmezése kapcsán.

In our paper, we make an attempt to overview those evolutionary approaches that have developed and become increasingly influencing in the Hungarian psychological life. We show the conditions 30 years ago, and those gifted scholars who contributed to the development of evolutionary psychology in Hungary. Then, we give a detailed review on the studies that have been fulfilled in the two basic research centers in Hungary: the Evolutionary Psychology Research Group of Pécs, and the MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethological Team. Finally, we describe the scientific results that have been achieved in the interpretation of specific psychological phenomena outside these main research centers.
Definition of categories: threat, risk, danger in the feild of entrepreneurial activities
Authors: Soniuk Olha
Published: October 2021

Ensuring the security of business is the object of study of various fields of knowledge. The article highlights different approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "threat", "risk", "danger" in the field of entrepreneurship, covered in the scientific and educational literature of legal and economic direction, legislation of Ukraine to clarify the conceptual and categorical apparatus and develop proposals to improve legal business security regulation. Significant differences in the definition of the same concept give rise to conflicts in its application in practice, which slows down the regulation of social relations, which are formed as a result of security in business, which in turn increases the level of danger in this area.
Our own definitions of the definitions of "threat", "risk", "danger" in the field of entrepreneurial activity are proposed. In the interconnection of these concepts, we recognize a threat that exists objectively in the environment, regardless of behavior of a business entity, as a basic category, but in the case of the latter's risk, it increases the level of its danger. The terms "threat", "risk", "danger" in the field of entrepreneurial activity are not defined at the legislative level. Therefore, it is proposed to develop a legal act Strategy for Business Security, which will define the deadlines and help improve legal regulation in the economic sector and the effective organization of business security in practice
Effect of dual pods on seed yield and seed weight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes in South Eastern Rajasthan
Authors: Verma Preeti , Punia S.S.
Published: October 2021

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important pulse crop of India and Rajasthan owing to its role in combating malnutrition besides integral component in crop rotation and maintaining soil fertility. A few chickpea genotypes bearing double pods were assessed to study the effect of double pods on seed weight and seed yield of chickpea.The genotypes RKGDP 10 and RKGDP 20 were observed to be high yielding owing to their high number of total pods per plant along with higher number of double pods. The study emphasized the importance of higher number of pods and double pods for achieving higher yield levels but with decreased seed size.
Effects of aerobic physical exercise on neuroplasticity after stroke: systematic review
Authors: Penna Leandro Goursand , Pinheiro João Pascoa , Ramalho Sergio Henrique Rodolpho , Ribeiro Carlos Fontes
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Interventions for stroke rehabilitation aim to minimize sequelae, promote individuals’ independence and potentially recover functional damage. The role of aerobic exercise as a facilitator of post-stroke neuroplasticity in humans is still questionable. Objective: To investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity in patients with stroke sequelae. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials and crossover studies was performed, with searches for human studies in the following databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS and PeDRO, only in English, following the PRISMA protocol. The keywords used for selecting articles were defined based on the PICO strategy. Results: This systematic review evaluated the impacts of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity through assessment of neural networks and neuronal excitability, neurotrophic factors, or cognitive and functional assessment. Studies that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity after stroke measured through functional resonance (fMRI) or cortical excitability have shown divergent results, but aerobic exercise potentially can modify the neural network, as measured through fMRI. Additionally, aerobic exercise combined with cognitive training improves certain cognitive domains linked to motor learning. Studies that involved analysis of neurotrophic factors to assess neuroplasticity had conflicting results. Conclusions: Physical exercise is a therapeutic intervention in rehabilitation programs that, beyond the known benefits relating to physical conditioning, functionality, mood and cardiovascular health, may also potentiate the neuroplasticity process. Neuroplasticity responses seem more robust in moderate to high-intensity exercise training programs, but dose-response heterogeneity and non-uniform neuroplasticity assessments limit generalizability.
COVID-19 and the nursing labor market: lessons learned by analogies between historical events
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Nogueira da , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to reflect on the impacts of Brazil’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic demands on the nursing labor market in light of the recovery of experiences in the USA during the World War II. Methods: this is a discursive formulation, which discusses the nursing labor market, establishing analogies between historical events. Results: measures implemented in the World War II by the USA are similar to those that the Brazilian Federal Government has adopted, and, as in the USA, such measures strongly affected both professional training and the nursing labor market. In Brazil, the measures can also deepen problems in the national nursing labor market, reverberating in precariousness. Conclusions: a better way to meet the demand for nursing workers can be with the existing supply of trained and available workers.
Care related to peripheral intravenous catheterism in pediatrics performed by nursing technicians
Authors: Santos Luciano Marques dos , Conceição Taynara Bispo , Silva Cleonara Sousa Gomes e , Tavares Sheilla Siedler , Rocha Patrícia Kuerten , Avelar Ariane Ferreira Machado
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the care practice adopted by nursing technicians before, during and after peripheral intravenous catheterization performed in hospitalized children. Methods: cross-sectional and descriptive research, carried out in a pediatric hospital in Bahia through non-participatory observation of peripheral intravenous catheterizations performed in children by nursing technicians. Data was collected through an instrument containing care related to the moments before, during and after insertion of the catheter, calculating absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: there were 31 nursing technicians, who performed care mainly before intravenous catheterization. Nonconformities were identified regarding hand hygiene, use of a disposable mask, selection of the catheter insertion site, antisepsis, stabilization and catheter coverage. Conclusions: most of the precautions observed regarding peripheral intravenous catheterization are not in accordance with the standards of practice recommended by the national and international literature.
Impaired knowledge in individuals with heart failure: a middle range nursing theory
Authors: Silva Cláudia Gabrielle da , Araújo Suelayne Santana de , Morais Sheila Coelho Ramalho Vasconcelos , Frazão Cecília Maria Farias de Queiroz
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a middle range nursing theory of impaired knowledge in individuals with heart failure. Methods: Descriptive study of the cross type developed through the theoretical-causal validity method, which used six steps for theory building: Definition of the construction approach; Definition of theoretical-conceptual models; Definition of main concepts; Development of a pictorial scheme; Construction of propositions; and Establishment of causal relations and evidence for practice. Results: Twenty-four articles were found, which identified two attributes, eight antecedents, and seven consequences, which gave rise to the pictogram, which schematized the concepts by relating them to cardiac physiology. Finally, 11 propositions and four causal relationships were created. Conclusion: The constructed theory enables a targeted driving of nurses’ clinical judgment regarding impaired knowledge in individuals with heart failure, culminating in individualized interventions to improve quality of life.
Information and communication technologies: interfaces the nursing work process
Authors: Costa Luana dos Santos , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Silva Thiago Privado da , Silva Marcelle Miranda da , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Ventura Carla Arena Aparecida
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to unveil the meanings that nurses attribute Information and Communication Technologies for the nursing work process Methods: qualitative research, theoretically and methodologically based on the Complexity Theory and on the Grounded Theory, respectively. Research with 19 participants, being 12 clinical nurses, and 7 resident nurses. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Results: the results revealed the meanings that clinical nurses attribute to Information and Communication Technologies and, thus, the motivations and limitations for the use of these technologies, pointing out possibilities and strategies that impact the nursing work process, based on the interactions promoted by the official and non-official use of these resources. Final Considerations: the meanings that nurses attribute to Information and Communication Technologies are dependent on their ability to successfully employ those technologies and their importance to the work process developed by the professionals.
Opinions of healthcare students on organ and tissue donation for transplantation
Authors: Souza Danton Matheus de , Souza Vivian Costa , Matsui Winnie Naomi , Pimentel Rafael Rodrigo da Silva , Santos Marcelo José dos
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the opinions of healthcare students on organ and tissue donation for transplantation. Methods: qualitative document analysis study, using the records of a database and analyzing data from two perspectives: 1) Lexical analysis, with the IRAMUTEQ software, and 2) Thematic content analysis. Results: from the analysis, 3 main categories were generated: 1) Organ and tissue donation as an act of love for others and an opportunity of a new beginning; 2) Clarification and awareness on organ and tissue donation; and 3) Importance of communicating the family and promoting organ and tissue donation. Final Considerations: despite being in favor of donation, students also recognize the presence of social taboos; the discussion in the family nucleus, promoting the theme and raising awareness in society are considered important. Additionally, the education of students is one of the possibilities of intervention for the issue.
Being ethical and bioethical in daily life of primary health care: nurses’ perceptions
Authors: Silva Lívia Silveira , Nitschke Rosane Gonçalves , Machado Verdi Marta Inês , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Lanza Fernanda Moura , Oliveira Patrícia Peres de , Viegas Selma Maria da Fonseca
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the perceptions of ethics and bioethics and how to be ethical and bioethical in daily life of Primary Health Care, from the perspective of nurses. Methods: this is a Holistic-qualitative Multiple Case Study, based on Comprehensive Everyday Sociology, with 54 participants. Results: two subcategories and the category Being ethical and bioethical in daily life of PHC: nurses’ perceptions emerged. The ethical and bioethical being permeates a subjective and abstract self, whose fears, anxieties and concerns are intertwined with the human and professional dimensions in daily work and in personal-professional relationship. Ethics and bioethics perceptions emerge from subjectivity, established relationships, lived experiences and daily actions of nurses essential to the profession, professionals and individuals to be cared for. Final Considerations: ethical and bioethical perceptions and attitudes are essential to care, management and organizational actions, health care, and the safety of users and professionals.
Reflexões sobre a ancestralidade africana do Tambor de Mina do Maranhão: interlocuções e relações decorrentes do trabalho de campo
Authors: Abreu Marilande Martins
Published: October 2021

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa o trabalho de campo e as relações entre a pesquisa antropológica no tambor de mina e o sacerdócio nessa prática ritual. É decorrente de dois textos sobre o tambor de mina do Maranhão, um escrito pela antropóloga Mundicarmo R. Ferretti, o outro, por pai Euclides Pereira, um dos mais importantes líderes de cuidado e transmissão com as práticas de ancestralidade africana em São Luís/MA. Pretende-se compreender como esses dois escritos indicam formas do fazer antropológico que não se reduzem a troca de posições entre pesquisadora e sacerdote, mas, dos diálogos que ambos, a partir de suas movimentações e posições constroem nos textos.
THE ROLE OF FISTULOCLYSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ENTEROATMOSPHERIC FISTULAS
Authors: RIBEIRO-JUNIOR Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle , YEH Daniel Dante , AUGUSTO Samara de Souza , ELIAS Yasmin Garcia Batista , NÉDER Paola Rezende , COSTA Cássia Tiemi Kawase , MAURÍCIO Andressa Daniel , SAVERIO Salomone Di
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Enterocutaneous fistulas represent a connection between the gastrointestinal tract and adjacent tissues. Among them, there is a subdivision - the enteroatmospheric fistulas, in which the origin is the gastrointestinal tract in connection with the external environment through an open wound in the abdomen. Due to the high output in enterocutaneous fistulas, the loss of fluids, electrolytes, minerals and proteins leads to complications such as sepsis, malnutrition and electrolyte derangements. The parenteral nutrition has its secondary risks, and the fistuloclysis, that consist in the infusion of enteral feeding and also the chyme through the distal fistula, represents an alternative to the management of these patients until the definitive surgical approach. Aim: To evaluate the current evidence on the fistuloclysis technique, its applicability, advantages and disadvantages for patients with high output fistulas. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in May 2020 with the headings “fistuloclysis”, “chyme reinfusion” and “succus entericus reinfusion”, in the PubMed, Medline and SciELO databases. Results: There were 29 articles selected for the development of this narrative synthesis, from 2003 to 2020, including reviews and case reports. Conclusion: Fistuloclysis is a safe method which optimizes the clinical, nutritional, and immunological conditions of patients with enteroatmospheric fistulas, increasing the chances of success of the reconstructive procedure. In cases where the definitive repair is not possible, chances of reducing or even stopping the use of nutrition through the parental route are increased, thus representing a promising modality for the management of most challenging cases.
The inhibitory effect of Cannabis Sativa L. and Morus nigra L. against lipid peroxidation in goat liver and brain homogenates
Authors: Hussain S. A. , Abbas S. R. , Sabir S. M. , Khan R. T. , Ali S. , Nafees M. A. , Khan S. W. , Hussain A. , Abbas Q. , Ali M. , Bukhari S. A. E.
Published: October 2021

Abstract The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and inhibitory effect ofCannabis sativa and Morus nigra against lipid peroxidation in goat brain and liver homogenates. The formation of free radicals, highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a normal metabolic process for cellular signaling and countering the antigens. However, they may cause serious damage if they produced at amplified tolls. In addition, metabolic disorders also serve as sources of these reactive species. Although the issue can be addressed through supplements and other phytochemicals. In this study, two plant species were evaluated for their biological potential by employing a spectrum of antioxidant assays. The antioxidant activity was performed by lipid peroxidation assay. The water extract prepared from leaves of Cannabis sativa and Morus nigra showed significant (P<0.05) inhibition as compared to control i.e., 522.6±0.06 and 659.97±0.03 µg/mL against iron-induced lipid peroxidation in goat brain homogenate while the inhibitions were 273.54±0.04 and 309.18±0.05 µg/mL against nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation of the brain. The iron and nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation was also significantly inhibited by leaf extracts of Cannabis sativa and Morus nigra in liver homogenates such as 230.63±0.52 and 326.91±0.01 µg/mL (iron-induced) while 300.47±0.07 and 300.47±0.07 µg/mL (nitroprusside induced), respectively. The extracts of Cannabis sativa extract showed promising activity (96.04±0.060%) against DPPH radicals while Morus nigra showed a moderate activity (34.11±0.120%). The results suggest that different accessions ofCannabis sativa and Morus nigra are a potential source of antioxidants and have a therapeutic effect against disease induced by oxidative stress and hence can be used for novel drug discovery and development.
Spectral analysis and Antibacterial activity of the bioactive principles of Sargassum tenerrimum J. Agardh collected from the Red sea, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albratty M. , Alhazmi H. A. , Meraya A. M. , Najmi A. , Alam M. S. , Rehman Z. , Moni S. S.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Seaweeds are a major marine resource that can be explored to develop novel pharmaceutical molecules. The present study showed the presence of unique bioactive components in the petroleum ether extract (PEE) and methanolic extract (ME) of Sargassum tenerrimum. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the PEE of S. tenerrimum contained antibacterial biomolecules: hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 17-pentatriacontene, dasycarpidan-1-methanol, and acetate (ester). However, the ME of S. tenerrimum exhibited better antibacterial effect than the PEE due to the presence of the bioactive compounds 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester, tetratetracontane, 1-docosene, 1,2-benzenediol, and benzoic acid. Thus, promising antibacterial molecules can be isolated from S. tenerrimum for better therapeutic use.
Diversity and microhabitat use of benthic invertebrates in an urban forest stream (Southeastern Brazil)
Authors: Ferreira Vitor Manuel B. , Paiva Nathália de O. , Soares Bruno E. , Moraes Maíra
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT This work aimed to assess the diversity and microhabitat use of benthic invertebrates in an urban forest stream in southeastern Brazilian region. The invertebrates were sampled in a headwater stream, located at the Tijuca Forest, Rio de Janeiro. Three types of microhabitats were sampled (litter, sand and stone) using a Surber sampler. Specimens were identified to the family-level and rarefaction curves were constructed for the total sampling and for each type of microhabitat. Community structure indices (abundance, taxonomic richness, diversity, and dominance) were calculated for each microhabitat. Differences among indices were tested through a repeated measure ANOVA, and differences among microhabitatsʼ composition through a PerMANOVA. A total of 9,800 specimens were registered in which Chironomidae was the most abundant. The rarefaction curves did not reach the asymptote. Community structure indices exhibited differences (RM ANOVA; p < 0.001), as well as microhabitats’ composition (PerMANOVA; p < 0.001). Abundance and taxonomic richness were the highest in litter, diversity was higher both in litter and stone, and sand had the highest dominance. Results highlighted that the variety of microhabitats may enhance local diversity and that the differences in resources availability of each type of microhabitat determine the distribution of these invertebrates.
Avaliação da influência de fatores hidroclimáticos sobre a estrutura populacional de Podocnemis expansa (Testudines: Podocnemididae) no Rio Formoso, sudeste da Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Ataídes Adson G. de , Sousa Heitor C. de , Carmo Jullyana B. , Malvasio Adriana
Published: October 2021

RESUMO O aumento do conhecimento sobre a ecologia populacional das espécies de quelônios amazônicos é essencial para a recuperação e manutenção dos estoques naturais desses répteis. Neste estudo foi avaliada a influência de fatores hidroclimáticos sobre parâmetros populacionais e a condição corporal de Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) em um trecho do Rio Formoso, sudeste da Amazônia brasileira, caracterizado pelo intenso uso das águas superficiais na irrigação de culturas agrícolas. O trabalho de campo ocorreu em três campanhas realizadas entre o final de julho e início de agosto dos anos de 2016, 2017 e 2018, totalizando um esforço amostral de 205 horas. Os indivíduos foram capturados por meio dos métodos de arrasto de rede, pesca com anzol e rede de espera; e os dados hidroclimáticos obtidos no site da Agência Nacional das Águas - ANA. Um total de 466 espécimes foi capturado e marcado, incluindo 47 machos adultos, 76 fêmeas adultas e 343 juvenis- revelando-se uma população composta predominantemente por juvenis (73,60%) e com razão sexual funcional desviada para as fêmeas (0,62:1). A redução no número de indivíduos das classes de tamanhos maiores e melhores condições corporais estiveram associadas, respectivamente, a uma maior vazão média do rio na estação seca e ao aumento da vazão no período chuvoso. Estudos futuros de longo prazo devem buscar aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre como fatores hidroclimáticos e as atividades agrícolas desenvolvidas na região afetam a demografia da espécie.
NÚCLEOS DE SIGNIFICAÇÃO: ANÁLISE DIALÉTICA DAS SIGNIFICAÇÕES PRODUZIDAS EM GRUPO
Authors: Aguiar Wanda Maria Junqueira de , Aranha Elvira Maria Godinho , Soares Júlio Ribeiro
Published: October 2021

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é explicitar uma forma de análise baseada na proposta denominada núcleos de significação, com a finalidade de elucidar o processo dialético de apreensão das significações produzidas em grupos. Fundamentado na psicologia sócio-histórica, o estudo aborda uma pesquisa realizada com equipes gestoras de três escolas públicas de São Paulo. São discutidos elementos do contexto em que foi realizada a pesquisa, bem como o procedimento da análise, com enfoque no material e definição do corpus da pesquisa. Apresenta-se uma análise internúcleos, na qual se articulam os núcleos produzidos na análise das questões que emergem em cada um deles. Esse processo se dá à luz da base teórica da produção contemporânea sobre o tema estudado.
CRIATIVIDADE NO COTIDIANO DE JOVENS: O LUGAR DA ESCOLA E DA EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Trancoso Alcimar Enéas Rocha , Reis Rosemeire
Published: October 2021

Resumo Analisamos em que medida a experiência escolar e as manifestações criativas cotidianas se relacionam. Realizamos pesquisa qualitativa, sócio-histórica, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete jovens estudantes, analisadas a partir dos núcleos de significação estabelecidos. A experiência social, de princípios heterogêneos, foi compreendida como forma de designar as condutas, produzidas a partir da combinação de distintas lógicas de ação. Os jovens pesquisados se consideraram criativos. A experiência escolar se vinculava à criatividade na vida cotidiana na medida em que se conectavam nas redes de espaços que se estabeleciam na experiência juvenil de cada um. A escola, e o que ela representava para eles, não era interpretada como locus significativo para a experiência dos atores.
FLUÊNCIA DE LEITURA: EVOLUÇÃO DO CONSTRUTO E RELAÇÕES COM A COMPREENSÃO
Authors: Meggiato Amanda Oliveira , Corso Helena Vellinho , Corso Luciana Vellinho
Published: October 2021

Resumo Há diferentes definições de fluência de leitura, e, mesmo existindo consenso crescente de que envolva precisão, automaticidade e prosódia, as definições não deixam claro se a fluência contribui para a compreensão, ou se a compreensão promove fluência, ou se a relação é recíproca. Esta revisão integrativa investiga, descreve e compara tais definições, objetivando examinar como elas abordam a relação entre fluência e compreensão. Os resultados apontam que, ao incluir a prosódia na definição, fica claro que um nível de compreensão é necessário para a leitura fluente, indicando uma relação recíproca entre fluência e compreensão. As conclusões mostram a necessidade de direcionar as pesquisas para melhor refinamento e operacionalização do construto. Desdobramentos pedagógicos são sugeridos.
(AS)SIMETRIAS DE GÉNERO: SUCESSOS E BARREIRAS EM DISCURSOS PROFISSIONAIS
Authors: Silva Carla Alexandra F. da , Machado Gil , Magalhães Sara Isabel
Published: October 2021

Resumo As escolhas profissionais e oportunidades de vida são influenciadas pelo género criando expectativas sociais distintas. O mesmo acontece frente às visões de sucesso, reforçando assimetrias sociais e profissionais entre mulheres e homens. Para compreender como as conceções de género se traduzem nas perceções de sucesso profissional, conduzimos nove entrevistas a residentes e trabalhadoras/es em Portugal. Os discursos extraídos por análise temática organizam-se em três temas interligados pelo conceito de assimetrias de género. Conclui-se que as práticas discursivas veiculam inflexibilidade nas construções do género que penalizam o desenvolvimento da carreira da mulher pela sobrecarga das responsabilidades domésticas e pela desvalorização da feminilidade em percursos profissionais.
Extraction, characterization and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds in açaí juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) from Atlantic Forest
Authors: Silva Leticia Dangui da , Sari Rafael , Diedrich Camila , Pereira Celeide , Lima Vanderlei Aparecido de , Oldoni Tatiane Luiza Cadorin , Perin Ellen Cristina , Carpes Solange Teresinha
Published: October 2021

Abstract The açaí is a popular Brazilian fruit, however, already part of the world's healthy eating habits owing to its antioxidant properties. The study aimed to determine the effect of solvent in extracting phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential in açaí juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The phenolic compound profile was quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and the data set was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA was applied to evidence the relationships between the concentration of phenolic compounds and the solvents. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was also determined by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) methods. The solvent ethanol: water 70% was more efficient in extracting phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. In this extract, salicylic acid was found in high concentrations as well as catechin, epicatechin, and coumaric acid. Based on a consensus that phenolic compounds are associated with the most powerful antioxidant activities of fruits, the “açaí juçara” from the Atlantic Forest is a potential source of polyphenols. They could be used as natural antioxidants for application in the food and pharmaceutical industry in order to substitute the synthetic antioxidants.
Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams
Authors: Ortega Jean C. G. , Bacani Iussa , Dorado-Rodrigues Tainá F. , Strüssmann Christine , Fernandes Izaias M. , Morales Jenny , Mateus Lúcia , Silva Hugmar Pains da , Penha Jerry
Published: October 2021

Abstract The structure of freshwater assemblages may be driven directly by urbanization or indirectly by a reduction in environmental heterogeneity (EH). Disentangling the effects of urbanization and EH requires uncorrelated proxies of each of these factors. We assessed the effects of the degree of urbanization and EH on the structure of fish assemblages. We sampled fish in 45 streams located in the urban area of Cuiabá. We assessed the effects of urbanization and EH on rarefied fish species richness (Srarefied), the local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD), and composition with linear models and distance-based redundancy analysis. Our indexes of urbanization and EH were not correlated. We found that both Srarefied and the LCBD decreased with an increasing degree of urbanization, but were not associated with EH. We also noted that few native fish species abundances were associated with the EH. Serrapinnus microdon, S. calliurus, Hemigrammus tridens, and Astyanax lacustris were abundant in streams with a lower degree of urbanization. The non-native Poecilia reticulata was more abundant in streams with a higher degree of urbanization. Our results highlight that urbanization leads in negative impacts on fish assemblages, such as decreases in diversity and the dominance of non-native species.
Territórios insurgentes: a tecitura das lutas e das resistências de mulheres quilombolas
Authors: Soares Maria Raimunda Penha
Published: October 2021

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta o debate sobre a participação das mulheres quilombolas na organização e luta pelo território, nas formas de resistências cotidianas a sistemas de opressão e exploração; e de como se tece uma dinâmica sociocultural, religiosa e política de saberes que dá vida ao modo de ser quilombola. As reflexões apresentadas aqui são resultado de pesquisa de pós-doutoramento realizada junto a comunidades quilombolas no estado do Maranhão, no ano de 2019, articuladas a conhecimentos oriundos da inserção em quilombos, por meio de pesquisa e extensão, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, desde 2011. A metodologia pesquisa-ação permitiu simultaneamente dialogar direto com as comunidades quilombolas e responder a demandas que emergiram no território frente aos conflitos pela terra e pelo acesso a direitos. Na interação com mulheres quilombolas foi possível escutar, aprender e entender a importância de suas práticas cotidianas nos movimentos de resistências e lutas pelo e no território.
O Serviço Social Ambiental: compromisso com os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável e a defesa do meio ambiente enquanto direito humano
Authors: Marques Eduardo José da Silva Tomé , Schmitt Adriana Regina Vettorazzi
Published: October 2021

Resumo A crise ecológica que vivemos afeta negativamente o planeta e aumenta as ameaças para todas as formas de vida que o habitam. O serviço social tem nos espaços socioambientais um importante, crescente e desafiador campo de intervenção. Para este elo entre o serviço social e o meio ambiente são necessários novos conhecimentos intelectuais e culturais, novas e múltiplas proposições e intervenções, e o compromisso de não ficar à margem das discussões e ações necessárias para intervir e promover uma abordagem ecossocial ativa, baseada na economia circular e alinhada com os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e os direitos humanos. O modelo Donut permite uma análise sistêmica e holística dos problemas e dificuldades que os profissionais têm pela frente, mas também permite refletir sobre os desafios e oportunidades que se colocam aos assistentes sociais numa época de incertezas e riscos sociais aumentados.
Comunidades tradicionais: a formação socio-histórica na Amazônia e o (não) lugar das comunidades ribeirinhas
Authors: Fernandes Joyce Sampaio Neves , Moser Liliane
Published: October 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a formação socio-histórica da Amazônia, destacando o (não) lugar ocupado pelas comunidades ribeirinhas e por outros povos amazônicos, bem como problematizar o uso do território e a inserção da região amazônica no mundo globalizado. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico, com base em livros, revistas e artigos publicados, fundamentado em perspectiva crítica, e que busca evidenciar a trajetória socioeconômica e histórica da Amazônia marcada por uma intensa exploração dos seus recursos naturais visando atender aos interesses do capital. O plano de modernização da região culminou contraditoriamente no adensamento das expressões da questão social e marginalização dos povos amazônicos, em especial as comunidades ribeirinhas, historicamente excluídas nesse processo.
Bolívia em disputa: das comunidades andinas à Revolução de 1952
Authors: Luz Davi Antunes da , Silva Lucas Lima da
Published: October 2021

Resumo A formação econômico-social latino-americana é marcada historicamente pelo processo de expropriação dos meios de trabalho na acumulação primitiva de capital europeu, separando os povos de suas terras e formas de organização comunitárias e conformando uma estrutura de dependência dos países da América Latina. A Bolívia passa por esse processo de disputa da terra desde sua fundação e é transformada pelas lutas sociais derivadas dessas contradições, síntese deste conflito foi a Revolução de 1952. Assim, é perceptível uma captura das tentativas autônomas e revolucionárias de resolução dos conflitos da terra pelo Estado, submetendo-as à lógica do capital, de tal forma que mais deformidades econômicas, sociais e geográficas são desdobradas no território boliviano, com conflitos de classe permeados de regionalismo. Esta pesquisa deu-se em caráter qualitativo, por meio do método do materialismo histórico-dialético, com uma revisão teórica e histórica.