bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning magnetoelectricity in a mixed-anisotropy antiferromagnet
Authors: Fogh Ellen , Klemke Bastian , Reehuis Manfred , Bourges Philippe , Niedermayer Christof , Holm-Dahlin Sonja , Zaharko Oksana , Schefer Jürg , Kristensen Andreas B. , Sørensen Michael K. , Paeckel Sebastian , Pedersen Kasper S. , Hansen Rasmus E. , Pages Alexandre , Moerner Kimmie K. , Meucci Giulia , Soh Jian-Rui , Bombardi Alessandro , Vaknin David , Rønnow Henrik. M. , Syljuåsen Olav F. , Christensen Niels B. , Toft-Petersen Rasmus
Published: June 2023

Control of magnetization and electric polarization is attractive in relation to tailoring materials for data storage and devices such as sensors or antennae. In magnetoelectric materials, these degrees of freedom are closely coupled, allowing polarization to be controlled by a magnetic field, and magnetization by an electric field, but the magnitude of the effect remains a challenge in the case of single-phase magnetoelectrics for applications. We demonstrate that the magnetoelectric properties of the mixed-anisotropy antiferromagnet LiNi1−xFexPO4 are profoundly affected by partial substitution of Ni2+ ions with Fe2+ on the transition metal site. This introduces random site-dependent single-ion anisotropy energies and causes a lowering of the magnetic symmetry of the system. In turn, magnetoelectric couplings that are symmetry-forbidden in the parent compounds, LiNiPO4 and LiFePO4, are unlocked and the dominant coupling is enhanced by almost two orders of magnitude. Our results demonstrate the potential of mixed-anisotropy magnets for tuning magnetoelectric properties.
Understanding unconventional magnetic order in a candidate axion insulator by resonant elastic x-ray scattering
Authors: Soh Jian-Rui , Bombardi Alessandro , Mila Frédéric , Rahn Marein C. , Prabhakaran Dharmalingam , Francoual Sonia , Rønnow Henrik M. , Boothroyd Andrew T.
Published: June 2023

Magnetic topological insulators and semimetals are a class of crystalline solids whose properties are strongly influenced by the coupling between non-trivial electronic topology and magnetic spin configurations. Such materials can host exotic electromagnetic responses. Among these are topological insulators with certain types of antiferromagnetic order which are predicted to realize axion electrodynamics. Here we investigate the highly unusual helimagnetic phases recently reported in EuIn2As2, which has been identified as a candidate for an axion insulator. Using resonant elastic x-ray scattering we show that the two types of magnetic order observed in EuIn2As2 are spatially uniform phases with commensurate chiral magnetic structures, ruling out a possible phase-separation scenario, and we propose that entropy associated with low energy spin fluctuations plays a significant role in driving the phase transition between them. Our results establish that the magnetic order in EuIn2As2 satisfies the symmetry requirements for an axion insulator.
Co-translational binding of importins to nascent proteins
Authors: Seidel Maximilian , Romanov Natalie , Obarska-Kosinska Agnieszka , Becker Anja , Trevisan Doimo de Azevedo Nayara , Provaznik Jan , Nagaraja Sankarshana R. , Landry Jonathan J. M. , Benes Vladimir , Beck Martin
Published: June 2023

Various cellular quality control mechanisms support proteostasis. While, ribosome-associated chaperones prevent the misfolding of nascent chains during translation, importins were shown to prevent the aggregation of specific cargoes in a post-translational mechanism prior the import into the nucleoplasm. Here, we hypothesize that importins may already bind ribosome-associated cargo in a co-translational manner. We systematically measure the nascent chain association of all importins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by selective ribosome profiling. We identify a subset of importins that bind to a wide range of nascent, often uncharacterized cargoes. This includes ribosomal proteins, chromatin remodelers and RNA binding proteins that are aggregation prone in the cytosol. We show that importins act consecutively with other ribosome-associated chaperones. Thus, the nuclear import system is directly intertwined with nascent chain folding and chaperoning.
Substantia nigral dopamine transporter uptake in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Lee Young-gun , Jeon Seun , Baik Kyoungwon , Kang Sung Woo , Ye Byoung Seok
Published: June 2023

Nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration is a pathological hallmark of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). To identify the subregional dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake patterns that improve the diagnostic accuracy of DLB, we analyzed N-(3-[18F] fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-nortropane (FP-CIT) PET in 51 patients with DLB, in 36 patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy body (MCI-LB), and in 40 healthy controls (HCs). In addition to a high affinity for DAT, FP-CIT show a modest affinity to serotonin or norepinephrine transporters. Specific binding ratios (SBRs) of the nigrostriatal subregions were transformed to age-adjusted z-scores (zSBR) based on HCs. The diagnostic accuracy of subregional zSBRs were tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses separately for MCI-LB and DLB versus HCs. Then, the effect of subregional zSBRs on the presence of clinical features and gray matter (GM) density were evaluated in all patients with MCI-LB or DLB as a group. ROC curve analyses showed that the diagnostic accuracy of DLB based on the zSBR of substantia nigra (area under the curve [AUC], 0.90) or those for MCI-LB (AUC, 0.87) were significantly higher than that based on the zSBR of posterior putamen for DLB (AUC, 0.72) or MCI-LB (AUC, 0.65). Lower zSBRs in nigrostriatal regions were associated with visual hallucination, severe parkinsonism, and cognitive dysfunction, while lower zSBR of substantia nigra was associated with widespread GM atrophy in DLB and MCI-LB patients. Taken together, our results suggest that evaluation of nigral DAT uptake may increase the diagnostic accuracy of DLB and MCI-LB than other striatal regions.
Ethnic inequality, multimorbidity and psychosis: can a syndemic framework resolve disputed evidence?
Authors: Zahid Uzma , Hosang Georgina M. , de Freitas Daniela Fonseca , Mooney Roisin , Bhui Kamaldeep
Published: June 2023

Syndemic theory is described as population-level clustering or co-occurrence of health conditions in the context of shared aetiologies that interact and can act synergistically. These influences appear to act within specific places of high disadvantage. We suggest ethnic inequality in experiences and outcomes of multimorbidity, including psychosis, may be explained through a syndemic framework. We discuss the evidence for each component of syndemic theory in relation to psychosis, using psychosis and diabetes as an exemplar. Following this, we discuss the practical and theoretical adaptations to syndemic theory in order to apply it to psychosis, ethnic inequality and multimorbidity, with implications for research, policy, and practice.
Universal redirection of CAR T cells against solid tumours via membrane-inserted ligands for the CAR
Authors: Zhang Angela Q. , Hostetler Alexander , Chen Laura E. , Mukkamala Vainavi , Abraham Wuhbet , Padilla Lucia T. , Wolff Alexandra N. , Maiorino Laura , Backlund Coralie M. , Aung Aereas , Melo Mariane , Li Na , Wu Shengwei , Irvine Darrell J.
Published: June 2023

The effectiveness of chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies for solid tumours is hindered by difficulties in the selection of an effective target antigen, owing to the heterogeneous expression of tumour antigens and to target antigen expression in healthy tissues. Here we show that T cells with a CAR specific for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) can be directed against solid tumours via the intratumoural administration of a FITC-conjugated lipid–poly(ethylene)-glycol amphiphile that inserts itself into cell membranes. In syngeneic and human tumour xenografts in mice, ‘amphiphile tagging’ of tumour cells drove tumour regression via the proliferation and accumulation of FITC-specific CAR T cells in the tumours. In syngeneic tumours, the therapy induced the infiltration of host T cells, elicited endogenous tumour-specific T cell priming and led to activity against distal untreated tumours and to protection against tumour rechallenge. Membrane-inserting ligands for specific CARs may facilitate the development of adoptive cell therapies that work independently of antigen expression and of tissue of origin.
Resolving sepsis-induced immunoparalysis via trained immunity by targeting interleukin-4 to myeloid cells
Authors: Schrijver David P. , Röring Rutger J. , Deckers Jeroen , de Dreu Anne , Toner Yohana C. , Prevot Geoffrey , Priem Bram , Munitz Jazz , Nugraha Eveline G. , van Elsas Yuri , Azzun Anthony , Anbergen Tom , Groh Laszlo A. , Becker Anouk M. D. , Pérez-Medina Carlos , Oosterwijk Roderick S. , Novakovic Boris , Moorlag Simone J. C. F. M. , Jansen Aron , Pickkers Peter , Kox Matthijs , Beldman Thijs J. , Kluza Ewelina , van Leent Mandy M. T. , Teunissen Abraham J. P. , van der Meel Roy , Fayad Zahi A. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Fisher Edward A. , Merkx Maarten , Netea Mihai G. , Mulder Willem J. M.
Published: June 2023

Immunoparalysis is a compensatory and persistent anti-inflammatory response to trauma, sepsis or another serious insult, which increases the risk of opportunistic infections, morbidity and mortality. Here, we show that in cultured primary human monocytes, interleukin-4 (IL4) inhibits acute inflammation, while simultaneously inducing a long-lasting innate immune memory named trained immunity. To take advantage of this paradoxical IL4 feature in vivo, we developed a fusion protein of apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and IL4, which integrates into a lipid nanoparticle. In mice and non-human primates, an intravenously injected apoA1-IL4-embedding nanoparticle targets myeloid-cell-rich haematopoietic organs, in particular, the spleen and bone marrow. We subsequently demonstrate that IL4 nanotherapy resolved immunoparalysis in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperinflammation, as well as in ex vivo human sepsis models and in experimental endotoxemia. Our findings support the translational development of nanoparticle formulations of apoA1-IL4 for the treatment of patients with sepsis at risk of immunoparalysis-induced complications.
Deep-learning-based blood pressure estimation using multi channel photoplethysmogram and finger pressure with attention mechanism
Authors: Kyung Jehyun , Yang Joon-Young , Choi Jeong-Hwan , Chang Joon-Hyuk , Bae Sangkon , Choi Jinwoo , Kim Younho
Published: June 2023

Recently, several studies have proposed methods for measuring cuffless blood pressure (BP) using finger photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. This study presents a new BP estimation system that measures PPG signals under progressive finger pressure, making the system relatively robust to errors caused by finger position when using the cuffless oscillometric method. To reduce errors caused by finger position, we developed a sensor that can simultaneously measure multi-channel PPG and force signals in a wide field of view (FOV). We propose a deep-learning-based algorithm that can learn to focus on the optimal PPG channel from multi channel PPG using an attention mechanism. The errors (ME ± STD) of the proposed multi channel system were 0.43±9.35 mmHg and 0.21 ± 7.72 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. Through extensive experiments, we found a significant performance difference depending on the location of the PPG measurement in the BP estimation system using finger pressure.
Effects of an aerobic training program on liver functions in male athletes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bari Mohd Arshad , MahmoodAlobaidi Mohammed Aiyad , Ansari Hena Ayub , Parrey Junaid Ahmad , Ajhar Arish , Nuhmani Shibili , Alghadir Ahmad H. , Khan Masood
Published: June 2023

The optimal functioning of the liver is essential for athletic performance. It is necessary to maintain the liver’s enzymes at an optimal level so that liver cells can be protected from inflammation or damage. This study investigated the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on the liver function of adult athletes. A pretest–posttest experimental design was used. A total of thirty healthy male athletes (football players) aged 21 to 24 years were recruited for this study and randomly and equally divided into the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The CG did not participate in any special activities. The EG performed an aerobic training program consisting of several exercises for 12 weeks. Evaluation of all participants in both groups was carried out before and after the intervention by measuring the blood levels of Alkaline phosphate, AST/SGOT, ALT/SGPT, Bilirubin Total/indirect/direct, Albumin, Globulin, and Total protein using the standard methods by collecting blood samples. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in Bilirubin and globulin levels in the EG after 12 weeks of aerobic training sessions. However, there was no significant difference in alkaline phosphate, AST/SGOT, ALT/SGPT Total protein, and Albumin (p > 0.05) between both groups post-treatment. The 12 weeks of aerobic training used in the study can potentially improve the liver function of adult athletes.
Relation of sedentary behaviour to physical function in phase I cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Kanejima Yuji , Kitamura Masahiro , Ishihara Kodai , Ogura Asami , Kubo Ikko , Oka Koichiro , Nagashima Hitomi , Tawa Hideto , Matsumoto Daisuke , Shimizu Ikki
Published: June 2023

Increased sedentary behaviour (SB) is reportedly associated with mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular disease. However, its relation with physical function is not well understood in phase I cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This study aimed to investigate the rate of SB and the relation between SB and physical function among patients participating in phase I CR. This prospective multicentre cohort study enrolled patients participating in CR from October 2020 to July 2022. Patients with probable dementia and difficulty walking alone were excluded. We used sitting SB time as the index of SB and the Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB) as the index of physical function at discharge. Patients were divided into the low SB group (< 480 min/day) or high SB group (≥ 480 min/day). We analysed and compared the two groups. The final analysis included 353 patients (mean age: 69.6 years, male: 75.6%), of whom 47.6% (168 of 353) were high SB patients. Total sitting SB time was higher in the high SB group versus the low SB group (733.6 ± 155.3 vs 246.4 ± 127.4 min/day, p < 0.001), and mean SPPB score was lower in the high SB group versus the low SB group (10.5 ± 2.4 vs 11.2 ± 1.6 points, p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis identified SB as an explanatory variable for total SPPB score (p = 0.017). Patients with high SB had significantly lower SPPB scores than those with low SB. These findings underscore the importance of considering SB when improving physical function. Effective strategies to improve physical function can be developed that consider SB in phase I CR.
Potential for rupture before eruption at Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy
Authors: Kilburn Christopher R. J. , Carlino Stefano , Danesi Stefania , Pino Nicola Alessandro
Published: June 2023

Volcanoes reawakening after long repose must rupture the crust before magma can erupt. Rupture is preceded by repeatable variations in the rate of seismicity with ground movement, which trace the amount of applied stress that is released by local earthquakes. A rupturing sequence has been developing across four episodes of ground uplift at Italy’s Campi Flegrei caldera: in 1950-1952, 1969-1972, 1982-1984 and since 2004. We predicted in 2016 that the approach to rupture would continue after an additional uplift of 30-40 cm at the location of largest movement. We have updated our analysis with new data on changes in the numbers of local earthquakes with amounts of ground movement. Here we show that subsequent events have confirmed our prediction and that the unrest has been changing the structure of Campi Flegrei’s crust. The results provide new constraints for evaluating the volcano’s potential to erupt or to subside without eruption.
Caves demonstrate decrease in rainfall recharge of southwest Australian groundwater is unprecedented for the last 800 years
Authors: Priestley Stacey C. , Treble Pauline C. , Griffiths Alan D. , Baker Andy , Abram Nerilie J. , Meredith Karina T.
Published: June 2023

Billions of people worldwide rely on groundwater. As rainfall in many regions in the future is projected to decrease, it is critical to understand the impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge. The groundwater recharge response to a sustained decrease in rainfall across southwest Australia that began in the late 1960s was examined in seven modern speleothems and drip waters from four caves. These show a pronounced increase or uptick in regional drip water and speleothem oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) that is not driven by a change in rainfall δ18O values, but is in response to the shallow karst aquifers becoming disconnected from rainfall recharge due to regional drying. Our findings imply that rainfall recharge to groundwater may no longer be reliably occurring in this region, which is highly dependent on groundwater resources. Examination of the longer speleothem record shows that this situation is unprecedented over the last 800 years.
Radiative cooling sorbent towards all weather ambient water harvesting
Authors: Zhu Wenkai , Zhang Yun , Zhang Chi , Shan Xiwei , Rao Akshay K. , Pitts Sarah L. , Woodbury Travest J. , Masnyk Tanya Sophia , Derome Dominique , Warsinger David M. , Ruan Xiulin , Mauer Lisa J. , Carmeliet Jan , Li Tian
Published: June 2023

Emerging atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technologies hold promise for water supply to underdeveloped regions with limited access to liquid water resources. The prevailing AWH systems, including condensation- or sorption-based, mostly rely on a single mechanism limited by working conditions and inferior performance. Here, we synergistically integrate multiple mechanisms, including thermosorption effect, radiative cooling, and multiscale cellulose-water interactions to improve the water harvesting performance with minimal active energy input over a relative humidity (RH) range between 8% to 100%. The proposed system consists of a scalable and sustainable cellulose scaffold impregnated with hygroscopic lithium chloride (LiCl). Cellulose scaffold and LiCl synergistically interact with water at molecular, nanometer, and micrometer scales, achieving a high yield (2.5–16 kg kg−1at 60–90% RH). The captured water in return facilitates radiative cooling due to its intrinsically high infrared emissivity. An outdoor batch-mode AWH device shows a water uptake up to 6.75 L kg−1day−1with a material cost as low as 3.15–5.86 USD kg−1. A theoretical model is also proposed to elucidate the synergistic AWH mechanisms among cellulose-LiCl-water-energy interaction. This AWH strategy provides a potential solution to water scarcity problems in regions with larger seasonal and climate variations, especially arid areas.
Antioxidants and Antiaging
Authors: Türkoğlu Murat , Pekmezci Erkin , Sevinç Hakan
Published: June 2023

Genetic inheritance, geographical location of a person's settlement, daily physical activities, and availability of rich polyphenolic food sources contribute, to some extent, to the overall outcome of aging. Since there is a basic relationship among oxidation, inflammation, and aging, the administration of adequate amounts of antioxidants in the diet may improve the immune function, decreasing the oxidative stress, and may subsequently extend the longevity of a person. Antioxidant rich nutrition together with moderate aerobic exercise may repair the damage induced by oxidative stress of aging. In this chapter, we conclude that antioxidants strongly contribute to antiaging by preventing oxidative stress at the cellular level and downregulating the expression of genes related to inflammatory pathways. The best way of utilizing antioxidants is regular consumption of a plant-based diet. In addition, adopting a Mediterranean diet will be a plus. Coffee, tea, olive oil, berries, and other fruits all seem to afford the antiaging process not only for a younger skin, but also for better cognitive abilities. Daily hydrolysed-collagen intake should also be considered for healthier joints and a smoother skin.
A highly sensitive and low toxicity cellulose-based fluorescent polymer for H2S detection in cells, zebrafish and food samples
Authors: Sun Hui , Xu Qingyu , Xu Chen , Zhang Yukun , Ai Jindong , Ren Mingguang , Wang Shoujuan , Kong Fangong
Published: June 2023

The introduction of cellulose enhanced the biocompatibility and degradability of HC-HS and achieved faster response and sensitivity by “enriching” the analyte. Test strip was a practical tool for rapid detection of H2S in living systems and foods.
A two-dimensional lead-free hybrid perovskite semiconductor with reduced melting temperature
Authors: Singh Akash , Crace Ethan , Xie Yi , Mitzi David B.
Published: June 2023

Herein, we demonstrate a record low melting temperature (Tm = 142 °C) in a lead-free perovskite and provide empirical design rules to tune the perovskite composition to achieve it.
Tuning charge transfer efficiency by functionalizing ligands in FAPbBr3 nanocrystals and graphene heterostructures
Authors: Mukhtar Maria , Mubeen Muhammad , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Ela Sule Erten , Iqbal Azhar
Published: June 2023

The combination of halide perovskite NCs with graphene to design heterostructures has proven to be a promising candidate for energy applications, optoelectronics, and photocatalysis.
Harnessing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through the electrical mobility of an embossed Ag(i)-molecular cage and a Cu(ii)-coordination polymer
Authors: Debnath Ananya , Diyali Sangharaj , Das Mainak , Panda Subhra Jyoti , Mondal Debasish , Dhak Debasis , Purohit Chandra Shekhar , Ray Partha Pratim , Biswas Bhaskar
Published: June 2023

This paper reports the interesting synthesis, characterization, electrical conductivities, and hydrogen evolution activity of a Ag(i)-based molecular cage and a Cu(ii)-coordination polymer.
Dipotassiumtetrachloride-bridged dysprosium metallocenes: a single-molecule magnet
Authors: Arumugam Selvakumar , Schwarz Björn , Ravichandran Prathap , Kumar Sunil , Ungur Liviu , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: June 2023

The dinuclear Dy(iii)-metallocene, weakly coupled via a K2Cl4 bridge, displays slow relaxation of magnetization below 17 K under zero applied dc field via KD3 energy levels with an energy barrier of 136.9/133.7 cm−1 on the Dy sites.
Structure, optical properties, and catalytic applications of alkynyl-protected M4Rh2(M = Ag/Au) nanoclusters with atomic precision: a comparative study
Authors: Chen Leyi , Sun Fang , Shen Quanli , Wang Lei , Liu Yonggang , Fan Hao , Tang Qing , Tang Zhenghua
Published: June 2023

We report two atomically precise alkynyl-protected Ag4Rh2and Au4Rh2nanoclusters, which have markedly different optical features and catalytic properties toward HER and 4-nitrophenol reduction.
Nickel nanoparticle-embedded N-doped carbon catalysts formed by MOF derivatives for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Cao Linghui , Chen Bowen , Yan Jinyang , Jiang Shixin , Su Zilong , Chen Kaixuan , Wang Jiajun , Liu Zhongxiang , Xie Aijuan , Luo Shiping
Published: June 2023

MOF-derived materials have recently attracted considerable interest as alternatives to noble-metal electrocatalysts.
Towards the fastest kinetics and highest uptake of post-functionalized UiO-66 for Hg2+ removal from water
Authors: Lam Iris Tsz Yan , Yuan Yufei , Bang Ki-Taek , Choi Seon-Jin , Shin Dong-Myeong , Lu Dong , Kim Yoonseob
Published: June 2023

UiO-66-A.T. removed Hg2+ from water with a maximum adsorption capacity of 691 mg g−1, a rate constant of 0.28 g mg−1 min−1, and a selectivity of 99.4%.
First principles reaction discovery: from the Schrodinger equation to experimental prediction for methane pyrolysis
Authors: Xu Rui , Meisner Jan , Chang Alexander M. , Thompson Keiran C. , Martínez Todd J.
Published: June 2023

The methane pyrolysis reaction network is constructed from first principles in the ab initio nanoreactor, going from reaction discovery through ab initio molecular dynamics to chemical kinetic modeling and comparison to experiments.
Study of a novel supramolecular hydrogel electrolyte for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Yang Ying , Huang Changmiao , Li Hui , Teng Zixuan , Zhang Heng , Wei Xi , Zhang Hong , Wu Lili , Zhang Chaocan , Chen Wanyu
Published: June 2023

A novel supramolecular gel electrolyte for aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Mechanisms of epithelial growth and development in the zebrafish intestine
Authors: Willms Reegan J. , Foley Edan
Published: June 2023

The intestinal epithelium is a complex tissue monolayer composed of regionally and functionally specialized intestinal epithelial cells. Given epithelial exposure to harsh and varied luminal conditions, epithelial cells continuously regenerate to sustain the barrier against environmental factors, including microbial invaders. Multipotent intestinal stem cells are essential to epithelial regenerative capacity, generating a programed mixture of absorptive and secretory cell types. Mechanisms of epithelial growth and differentiation in response to endogenous or external stressors remain under investigation. In this review, we highlight the zebrafish, Danio rerio, as a potent model of intestinal epithelial development and function. We describe epithelial composition and key regulators of epithelial renewal to promote the zebrafish as an investigative tool to study epithelial development and growth. We also highlight areas for discovery, particularly in the context of stress-dependent regulation of epithelial function.
Enhancing the blockchain interoperability through federated learning with directed acyclic graph
Authors: Xia Feng , Kaiye Li , Songze Wu , yan Xin
Published: June 2023

The use of federated learning to achieve blockchain interoperability has become a hot topic in research, because it enables data exchange without revealing any private information. However, the previous work, such as ScaleSFL (Asia‐CCS, 2022), that has implemented federated learning for blockchain interoperability, the throughput of the framework still cannot support the practical applications. Therefore, a federated learning framework based on Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is proposed which utilizes sharding mechanism to enhance the blockchain interoperability. By constructing a weighted context graph based on data correlation, reasonable sharding of the dataset is achieved, thereby improving the efficiency of blockchain interoperability. The experimental results show that the federated framework reduces global computation in federated learning by 30% compared with other schemes, while increasing blockchain throughput by nearly 40%.
Hybrid analytical model for air‐gap magnetic field prediction of surface‐mounted permanent magnet motors with a quasi‐regular polygon rotor
Authors: Chen Chuntao , Wu Xinzhen , Yuan Xibo , Ding Zhuang , Zheng Xiaoqin
Published: June 2023

In this article, a hybrid analytical model for a quasi‐regular polygon rotor (QPR) is proposed. It mainly uses the subdomain method and conformal mapping to solve a non‐circular boundary in the QPR. Firstly, the subdomain method combined with an equivalent surface current method is used to calculate the air‐gap magnetic field considering a slotted stator with a circular rotor. Secondly, by segmenting the non‐circular boundary in the QPR, the complex relative air‐gap permeance of the QPR can be calculated using the conformal mapping. Thirdly, this complex relative air‐gap permeance modifies the air‐gap magnetic field calculated in the first step to obtain the actual magnetic field distributions. Consequently, no‐load and loaded air‐gap flux densities, back‐electromotive force and torque can be obtained. A 12‐pole/3‐phase permanent magnet motor is modelled using the proposed hybrid analytical model, which is validated by finite‐element analysis and experiment. This proposed hybrid analytical model presents a new way of processing the QPR. Its calculation speed is nearly 50 times faster than the finite‐element analysis, which is of great help to the initial design and optimisation of machines with QPRs.
Optimal decision‐making method of transmission lines' maintenance sequence under extreme ice disasters
Authors: Wang Haitao , Yang Zedong , Wang Ning , Jiang Haiyang , Cui Yu , Han Jinchi , Li Shuguang , Wang Changjiang
Published: June 2023

Prolonged exposure of power transmission lines to extreme ice disasters in the atmosphere disrupts transmission. First, this study establishes a comprehensive failure probability model for the impact of extreme ice disasters on the transmission lines to better understand and improve the transmission lines' ability to withstand such disasters. It predicts the line failure probability based on the initial design data of the lines. Second, the system's weak points are identified, and the fault scenario set is established using the Monte Carlo state sampling method. Next, the system's state is calculated using the resilience assessment index and the DC optimal load reduction model. Finally, an optimal decision‐making method for the transmission line maintenance sequence is proposed from the post‐disaster maintenance scheduling perspective. Considering the travel time and maintenance effect, this method can effectively restore the system state in response to extreme ice disasters. The IEEE 30‐bus power system is taken as an example of simulation verification. The results show that this method can effectively complete the system load state restoration and improve the transmission system's resilience. It also has certain practicality and good practical application values.
A discriminant analysis of the P3b wave with electroencephalogram by feature‐electrode pairs in schizophrenia diagnosis
Authors: Arribas Juan I. , San‐José‐Revuelta Luis M.
Published: June 2023

Schizophrenia is a disease that affects approximately 1% of the population. Its early accurate diagnosis is of vital importance to apply adequate therapy as soon as possible. We present a Statistical Discriminant Diagnosing (SDD) system that discriminates between healthy controls and subjects and that supports diagnosis by a medical professional. The system works with {feature, electrode} EEG pairs which are selected based on the statistical significance of the p‐values computed over the brain P3b wave. A bank of evoked potential pre‐processed and filtered EEG signals is recorded during an auditory odd‐ball (AOD) task and serves as input to the SDD system. These EEG signals comprise 20 features and 17 electrodes, both in time (t) and frequency (f) domain. The relevance of the Parieto‐Temporal region is shown, allowing us to identify highly discriminant {feature, electrode} pairs in the detection of schizophrenia, resulting lower p‐values in both Right and Left Hemispheres, as well as in Parieto‐Temporal EEG signals. See for instance, the {PSE, P4} pair, with p‐value = 0.00003 for (parametric) t Student and p‐value = 0.00019 for (nonparametric) U Mann‐Whitney tests, both under the 15 Hz cutoff frequency of a low pass EEG preprocessing filter. The relevance of this pair is in agreement with previously published related results. The proposed SDD system may provide the human expert (psychiatrist) with an objective complimentary information to help in the early diagnosis of schizophrenia.
A partially stripped massive star in a Be binary at low metallicity
Authors: Ramachandran V. , Klencki J. , Sander A. A. C. , Pauli D. , Shenar T. , Oskinova L. M. , Hamann W.-R.
Published: June 2023

Standard binary evolutionary models predict a significant population of core helium-burning stars that lost their hydrogen-rich envelope after mass transfer via Roche-lobe overflow. However, there is a scarcity of observations of such stripped stars in the intermediate-mass regime (∼1.5 − 8 M⊙), which are thought to be prominent progenitors of SN Ib/c. Especially at low metallicity, a significant fraction of these stars are expected to be only partially stripped, retaining a significant amount of hydrogen on their surfaces. For the first time, we discovered a partially stripped massive star in a binary with a Be-type companion located in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using a detailed spectroscopic analysis. The stripped-star nature of the primary is revealed by the extreme CNO abundance pattern and very high luminosity-to-mass ratio, which suggest that the primary is likely shell-hydrogen burning. Our target SMCSGS-FS 69 is the most luminous and most massive system among the known stripped star + Be binaries, with Mstripped ∼ 3 M⊙ and MBe ∼ 17 M⊙. Binary evolutionary tracks suggest an initial mass of Mini ≳ 12 M⊙ for the stripped star and predict it to be in a transition phase towards a hot compact He star, which will eventually produce a stripped-envelope supernova. Our target marks the first representative of an as-yet-missing evolutionary stage in the formation pathway of Be X-ray binaries and double neutron star mergers.
Measurement of the diffuse field sound absorption using a sound field synthesis method
Authors: Dupont Samuel , Sanalatii Maryna , Melon Manuel , Robin Olivier , Berry Alain , Le Roux Jean-Christophe
Published: June 2023

A method for measuring the diffuse field sound absorption coefficient of a material using sound field synthesis is proposed. A planar loudspeaker array is first used to generate acoustic plane waves with variable incidence angle on the surface of a material under test. Using a two-microphone probe positioned closely to the sample’s surface, the angle-dependent sound absorption coefficients are then estimated. Finally, the diffuse field absorption coefficient is computed following Paris formula. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate the respective effects of the maximum incidence angle value and the number of individual incidence angles that are required for a robust calculation of the diffuse sound field absorption. Measurements are conducted on three different materials and compared with either simulation results obtained using the Johnson-Champoux-Allard theory, or with measurement results obtained using the standard reverberation chamber method. For all considered materials and over a wide frequency range, the proposed method leads to results that are in better agreement with theoretical predictions than those obtained using standardized methods.
Discrete-time analysis of optimized Schwarz waveform relaxation with Robin parameters depending on the targeted iteration count
Authors: Arnoult Arthur , Japhet Caroline , Omnes Pascal
Published: June 2023

We propose a new approach that provides new results in the convergence analysis of optimized Schwarz waveform relaxation (OSWR) iterations for parabolic problems, and allows to define efficient optimized Robin parameters that depend on the targeted iteration count, a property that is shared by the actual observed optimal parameters, while traditional Fourier analysis in the time direction leads to iteration independent parameters. This new approach is based on the exact resolution of the time semi-discrete error equations. It allows to recommend a couple (number of iterations, Robin parameter) to reach a given accuracy. While the general ideas may apply to an arbitrary space dimension, the analysis is first presented in the one dimensional case. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance obtained with such iteration-dependent optimized Robin parameters.
A robust optimization approach for the production-routing problem with lateral transshipment and outsourcing
Authors: Farghadani-Chaharsooghi Pedram , Karimi Behrooz
Published: June 2023

Despite the fact that there is a large body of literature on the Production Routing Problem (PRP), we were struck by the dearth of research on outsource planning and lateral transshipment. This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming model for incorporating outsourcing, lateral transshipment, back ordering, lost sales, and time windows into production routing problems. Then a robust optimization model will be introduced to overcome the detrimental effects of demand uncertainty. Considering the scale and complexity of the suggested problem, addressing it in a reasonable time was a challenge. Therefore, three matheuristic algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), and Modified Simulated Annealing (MSA), are developed for solving large-scale problems. Eventually, computational experiments on disparate instances are performed, and the results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. In other words, our recommended algorithms outperform the CPLEX solver in terms of the quality and time of obtaining the solutions.
In elf Etappen zur optimalen Selbstorganisation – Zeitmanagement
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: June 2023

Die To-do-Liste wird länger statt kürzer und das Ablagefach scheint sich wie von selbst zu füllen: Können Therapeut*innen zaubern? Es scheint so. Einige bräuchten mehr als 24 Stunden pro Tag, höre ich oft, doch das hat noch niemand hingezaubert bekommen. Begleiten Sie mich auf einer kleinen Wandertour: Die Route führt uns in elf Etappen auf einen Berg und zurück ins Tal. Der Weg ist gespickt mit nützlichen Hinweisen und Tricks, wie Sie besser mit Ihrer Zeit zurechtkommen – ganz ohne größeres Zeitkontingent.
Alltagsbezogenes Aufmerksamkeitstraining – Ambulante Reha bei Hemianopsie
Authors: Van Alen Elke
Published: June 2023

Bei einem Ausfall des Gesichtsfeldes sehen die Betroffenen ihre Umwelt teilweise nur mit starken Einschränkungen. Die Orthoptik fördert die visuelle Rehabilitation. Eine spezielle Anamnese und Diagnostik erlauben die patientenspezifische Therapieplanung, und ein strukturiertes Hausaufgabenprogramm kann zu mehr Selbstständigkeit verhelfen.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in Geriatric Oncology in India: An Understudied Topic that Needs Attention
Authors: Kuriachan Sanitha , Palatty Princy Louis , George Thomas , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath
Published: June 2023

In the elderly, polypharmacy is a common problem, and drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADR) have been linked to considerable harm in several population-based studies. However, when compared with other medical disciplines, studies with elderly cancer patients are lacking in oncology and India in particular. Additionally, intake of multiple drugs and, at times, potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are also common in older cancer patients. Physiologically, the body's metabolic functions are reduced in the elderly, resulting in altered medication pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic characteristics. There is also a high risk of aging-related disorders, and an increase in pharmaceutical use. Because cancer can affect the physiological milieu, patients are more likely to experience negative drug responses, drug–disease interactions, and drug–drug interactions, thereby making the elderly more vulnerable to the ill effects. Considering this, there is a need for greater knowledge and measures that try to lessen exposure to and the risks connected to drug combinations that might be detrimental. As the geriatric population grows, the need to address medical issues among aging cancer patients becomes more pressing, particularly in India. As far as the authors are aware, there is no review that addresses the drug–drug interactions and adverse drug responses brought on by polypharmacy in older cancer patients. It is expected that this endeavor will help the fraternity and the patients, and will serve as a valuable academic material for the health care students.
Disentangling the cultural evolution of ancient China: a digital humanities perspective
Authors: Duan Siyu , Wang Jun , Yang Hao , Su Qi
Published: June 2023

Being recognized among the cradles of human civilization, ancient China nurtured the longest continuous academic traditions and humanistic spirits, which continue to impact today’s society. With an unprecedented large-scale corpus spanning 3000 years, this paper presents a quantitative analysis of cultural evolution in ancient China. Millions of intertextual associations are identified and modelled with a hierarchical framework via deep neural network and graph computation, thus allowing us to answer three progressive questions quantitatively: (1) What is the interaction between individual scholars and philosophical schools? (2) What are the vicissitudes of schools in ancient Chinese history? (3) How did ancient China develop a cross-cultural exchange with an externally introduced religion such as Buddhism? The results suggest that the proposed hierarchical framework for intertextuality modelling can provide sound suggestions for large-scale quantitative studies of ancient literature. An online platform is developed for custom data analysis within this corpus, which encourages researchers and enthusiasts to gain insight into this work. This interdisciplinary study inspires the re-understanding of ancient Chinese culture from a digital humanities perspective and prompts the collaboration between humanities and computer science.
Factors influencing home care workers’ loyalty in long-term nursing services
Authors: Hsu Wei , Chao Yen-Chi , Yang Chih-Hao
Published: June 2023

Given the high prevalence of clinical disease and disability among elderly individuals, there is an ever-greater demand for social care services. Despite this demand, the elder care sector has the largest labor shortage levels among all front-line providers of long-term care services. Strategies to reduce turnover and improve employee loyalty have therefore become an important issue. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that affect the loyalty of home care workers. Following a literature review, wedetermined four independent variables—job satisfaction, work engagement, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and transformational leadership—and investigated their relevance to, and ability to predict, home care workers’ employee loyalty. A total of 455 home care workers participated in the anonymous survey. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) of the model explained 65.6% of the variance of the dependent variable, showing high explanatory capacity. The influences of the four independent variables on employee loyalty were all significant and positive, with the greatest impact on employee loyalty being exerted by OCB (Adjusted ß = 0.400), followed by job satisfaction and then transformational leadership. The three hierarchical regression models provided evidence for the partial mediating effect of job satisfaction, work engagement and OCB between transformational leadership and employee loyalty. Our findings suggest that managers of home care institutions should adopt a transformational leadership style to motivate home care workers’ job satisfaction, work engagement and OCB. Such an environment not only help retain employee but also attract more young people to join the ranks of the home care profession, which will help solve fundamental short-staffing problems.
Getting over the hump with KAMEL-LOBE: Kernel-averaging method to eliminate length-of-bin effects in radial distribution functions
Authors: Ghaffarizadeh S. Arman , Wang Gerald J.
Published: June 2023

Radial distribution functions (RDFs) are widely used in molecular simulation and beyond. Most approaches to computing RDFs require assembling a histogram over inter-particle separation distances. In turn, these histograms require a specific (and generally arbitrary) choice of discretization for bins. We demonstrate that this arbitrary choice for binning can lead to significant and spurious phenomena in several commonplace molecular-simulation analyses that make use of RDFs, such as identifying phase boundaries and generating excess entropy scaling relationships. We show that a straightforward approach (which we term Kernel-Averaging Method to Eliminate Length-Of-Bin Effects) mitigates these issues. This approach is based on systematic and mass-conserving mollification of RDFs using a Gaussian kernel. This technique has several advantages compared to existing methods, including being useful for cases where the original particle kinematic data have not been retained, and the only available data are the RDFs themselves. We also discuss the optimal implementation of this approach in the context of several application areas.
The Ferris ferromagnetic resonance technique: Principles and applications
Authors: Rothschild Amit , Assouline Benjamin , Shalom Nadav Am , Bernstein Nirel , Daniel Goni , Cohen Gil , Capua Amir
Published: June 2023

Measurements of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) are pivotal to modern magnetism and spintronics. Recently, we reported on the Ferris FMR technique, which relies on large-amplitude modulation of the externally applied magnetic field. It was shown to benefit from high sensitivity while being broadband. The Ferris FMR also expanded the resonance linewidth such that the sensitivity to spin currents was enhanced as well. Eventually, the spin Hall angle (θSH) was measurable even in wafer-level measurements that require low current densities to reduce the Joule heating. Despite the various advantages, analysis of the Ferris FMR response is limited to numerical modeling, where the linewidth depends on multiple factors such as the field modulation profile and the magnetization saturation. Here, we describe, in detail, the basic principles of operation of the Ferris FMR and discuss its applicability and engineering considerations. We demonstrated these principles in a measurement of the orbital Hall effect taking place in Cu using an Au layer as the orbital-to-spin current converter. This illustrates the potential of the Ferris FMR for the future development of spintronics technology.
Perception and production mismatch in truncated past tense verbs in
Korean
Authors: Crosby Drew , Dalola Amanda
Published: June 2023

Korean is often described as neutralizing its obstruents to
unreleased stops in coda position. However, a stylistic truncated form of the
intimate past tense expressing avuncularity, contradicts this description by
realizing a fricative word finally. Despite tokens elicited from informants
lacking phonetic evidence for a word-final vowel, speakers report hearing [ɨ]
word-finally in these truncated forms. The present article gives an optimality
theoretic (OT) account (McCarthy & Prince 1995) of this phenomenon by
utilizing Benua’s (1995)
base-truncated form (BT) constraints to explain the production of the form and
Boersma & Hamann’s (2008) cue constraints to explain the mismatch between
the production and perception in parallel to the treatment of loanwords. This
suggests that output-output constraints and perceptual cue constraints may
interact to create differences in phonological form between production and
perception, even within native phonologies, and lends further support for the
need for separate production and perception phonologies (Boersma 1999).