bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome of patients presenting with myocardial injury or myocardial infarction
Authors: Haller Paul M. , Kellner Caroline , Sörensen Nils A. , Lehmacher Jonas , Toprak Betül , Schock Alina , Hartikainen Tau S. , Twerenbold Raphael , Zeller Tanja , Westermann Dirk , Neumann Johannes T.
Published: November 2023

Aims

Patients with acute or chronic myocardial injury are frequently identified in the context of suspected myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to investigate their long-term follow-up.

Methods and results

We prospectively enrolled 2714 patients with suspected MI and followed them for all-cause mortality and a composite cardiovascular endpoint (CVE; cardiovascular death, MI, unplanned revascularization) for a median of 5.1 years. Final diagnoses were adjudicated by two cardiologists according to the Fourth Universal Definition of MI, including 143 (5.3%) ST-elevation MI, 236 (8.7%) non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) Type 1 (T1), 128 (4.7%) NSTEMI T2, 86 (3.2%) acute and 677 (24.9%) with chronic myocardial injury, and 1444 (53.2%) with other reasons for chest pain (reference). Crude event rates per 1000 patient-years for all-cause mortality were highest in patients with myocardial injury (81.6 [71.7, 92.3]), and any type of MI (55.9 [46.3, 66.7]), compared to reference (12.2 [9.8, 15.1]). Upon adjustment, all diagnoses were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Moreover, patients with acute (adj-HR 1.92 [1.08, 3.43]) or chronic (adj-HR 1.59 [1.16, 2.18]) myocardial injury, and patients with NSTEMI T1 (adj-HR 2.62 [1.85, 3.69]) and ST-elevation MI (adj-HR 3.66 [2.41, 5.57]) were at increased risk for cardiovascular events.

Conclusion

Patients with myocardial injury are at a similar increased risk for death and cardiovascular events compared to patients with acute MI. Further studies need to determine appropriate management strategies for patients with myocardial injury.

Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02355457).
Unique 40-year survival after heart transplantation with normal graft function and spontaneous operational tolerance
Authors: von Scheidt Wolfgang , Reichart Bruno , Meiser Bruno , von Scheidt Moritz , Sen Partho , Schwarz Florian , Harmel Eva , Bengel Frank M. , Dick Andrea , Ueberfuhr Peter , Reichenspurner Hermann , Jaeckel Elmar , Schwinzer Reinhard , Hagl Christian
Published: November 2023

Graphical abstract

Unique 40-year survival after heart transplantation with normal graft function and spontaneous operational tolerance.
Molecular diagnostics tailoring personalized cancer therapy—an oncologist’s view
Authors: Riedl Jakob M. , Moik Florian , Esterl Tamara , Kostmann Sarah M. , Gerger Armin , Jost Philipp J.
Published: November 2023

Medical oncology is rapidly evolving with the implementation of personalized, targeted therapies. Advances in molecular diagnostics and the biologic understanding of cancer pathophysiology led to the identification of specific genetic alterations as drivers of cancer progression. Further, improvements in drug development enable the direct interference with these pathways, which allow tailoring personalized treatments based on a distinct molecular characterization of tumors. Thereby, we are currently experiencing a paradigm-shift in the treatment of cancers towards cancer-type agnostic, molecularly targeted, personalized therapies. However, this concept has several important hurdles and limitations to overcome to ultimately increase the proportion of patients benefitting from the precision oncology approach. These include the assessment of clinical relevancy of identified alterations, capturing and interpreting levels of heterogeneity based on intra-tumoral or time-dependent molecular evolution, and challenges in the practical implementation of precision oncology in routine clinical care. In the present review, we summarize the current state of cancer-agnostic precision oncology, discuss the concept of molecular tumor boards, and consider current limitations of personalized cancer therapy. Further, we provide an outlook towards potential future developments including the implementation of functionality assessments of identified genetic alterations and the broader use of liquid biopsies in order to obtain more comprehensive and longitudinal genetic information that might guide personalized cancer therapy in the future.
Childhood development of brain white matter myelin: a longitudinal T1w/T2w-ratio study
Authors: Dipnall Lillian M. , Yang Joseph Y. M. , Chen Jian , Fuelscher Ian , Craig Jeffrey M. , Silk Timothy J.
Published: November 2023

Myelination of human brain white matter (WM) continues into adulthood following birth, facilitating connection within and between brain networks. In vivo MRI studies using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) suggest microstructural properties of brain WM increase over childhood and adolescence. Although DWI metrics, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), could reflect axonal myelination, they are not specific to myelin and could also represent other elements of WM microstructure, for example, fibre architecture, axon diameter and cell swelling. Little work exists specifically examining myelin development. The T1w/T2w ratio approach offers an alternative non-invasive method of estimating brain myelin. The approach uses MRI scans that are routinely part of clinical imaging and only require short acquisition times. Using T1w/T2w ratio maps from three waves of the Neuroimaging of the Children’s Attention Project (NICAP) [N = 95 (208 scans); 44% female; ages 9.5–14.20 years] we aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories of brain white matter myelin in children as they enter adolescence. We also aimed to investigate whether longitudinal changes in myelination of brain WM differs between biological sex. Longitudinal regression modelling suggested non-linear increases in WM myelin brain wide. A positive parabolic, or U-shaped developmental trajectory was seen across 69 of 71 WM tracts modelled. At a corrected level, no significant effect for sex was found. These findings build on previous brain development research by suggesting that increases in brain WM microstructure from childhood to adolescence could be attributed to increases in myelin.
Niosomal formulation of mefenamic acid for enhanced cancer targeting; preparation, characterization and biodistribution study using radiolabeling technique
Authors: Shewaiter Mona A. , Selim Adli A. , Rashed Hassan M. , Moustafa Yasser M. , Gad Shadeed
Published: November 2023

Background

This work aimed to prepare niosomal formulations of an anticancer agent [mefenamic acid (MEF)] to enhance its cancer targeting.131I was utilized as a radiolabeling isotope to study the radio-kinetics of MEF niosomes.

Methods

niosomal formulations were prepared by the ether injection method and assessed for entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI) and particle size (PS). MEF was labeled with131I by direct electrophilic substitution reaction through optimization of radiolabeling-related parameters. In the radio-kinetic study, the optimal131I-MEF niosomal formula was administered intravenously (I.V.) to solid tumor-bearing mice and compared to I.V.131I-MEF solution as a control.

Results

the average PS and ZP values of the optimal formulation were 247.23 ± 2.32 nm and − 28.3 ± 1.21, respectively. The highest131I-MEF labeling yield was 98.7 ± 0.8%. The biodistribution study revealed that the highest tumor uptake of131I-MEF niosomal formula and131I-MEF solution at 60 min post-injection were 2.73 and 1.94% ID/g, respectively.

Conclusion

MEF-loaded niosomes could be a hopeful candidate in cancer treatment due to their potent tumor uptake. Such high targeting was attributed to passive targeting of the nanosized niosomes and confirmed by radiokinetic evaluation.
Distribution, quantification, and characterization of substance P enteric neurons in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the porcine colon
Authors: Mazzoni Maurizio , Cabanillas Luis , Costanzini Anna , Caremoli Filippo , Million Mulugeta , Larauche Muriel , Clavenzani Paolo , De Giorgio Roberto , Sternini Catia
Published: November 2023

The pig is an important translational model for studying intestinal physiology and disorders for its many homologies with humans, including the organization of the enteric nervous system (ENS), the major regulator of gastrointestinal functions. This study focused on the quantification and neurochemical characterization of substance P (SP) neurons in the pig ascending (AC) and descending colon (DC) in wholemount preparations of the inner submucosal plexus (ISP), outer submucosal plexus (OSP), and myenteric plexus (MP). We used antibodies for the pan-neuronal marker HuCD, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), markers for excitatory and inhibitory transmitters, for multiple labeling immunofluorescence and high-resolution confocal microscopy. The highest density of SP immunoreactive (IR) neurons was in the ISP (222/mm2 in the AC, 166/mm2 in the DC), where they make up about a third of HuCD-IR neurons, compared to the OSP and MP (19–22% and 13–17%, respectively, P < 0.001–0.0001). HuCD/SP/ChAT-IR neurons (up to 23%) were overall more abundant than HuCD/SP/nNOS-IR neurons (< 10%). Most SP-IR neurons contained ChAT-IR (62–85%), whereas 18–38% contained nNOS-IR with the highest peak in the OSP. A subpopulation of SP-IR neurons contains both ChAT- and nNOS-IR with the highest peak in the OSP and ISP of DC (33–36%) and the lowest in the ISP of AC (< 10%, P < 0.001). SP-IR varicose fibers were abundant in the ganglia. This study shows that SP-IR neurons are functionally distinct with variable proportions in different plexuses in the AC and DC reflecting diverse functions of specific colonic regions.
Modeling Mixtures with PCP-SAFT: Insights from Large-Scale Parametrization and Group-Contribution Method for Binary Interaction Parameters
Authors: Rehner Philipp , Bardow André , Gross Joachim
Published: November 2023

Vapor/liquid equilibria of mixtures are of utmost importance in the design of chemical processes. Because of the combinatorial complexity of mixtures, the available experimental data are small when considering the large molecular space. To fill this knowledge gap, molecular equations of state like PCP-SAFT show promise due to their explicit consideration of intermolecular interactions that can be transferred to mixtures. In this work, we comprehensively assess and exploit PCP-SAFT for modeling phase equilibria of mixtures. First, we provide binary interaction parameters for 7861 binary systems for which pure-component parameters and experimental data are available. Bubble and dew point pressures are described with a median deviation of 2.3 %. Secondly, we adjust a matrix of binary group/group interaction parameters for the homosegmented and heterosegmented group-contribution (GC) methods for PCP-SAFT. Among 1389 mixtures that can be described with the GC methods, the median deviation in bubble and dew point pressures are 6.4 % for the homosegmented approach and 5.1 % for the heterosegmented approach. The detailed analysis shows the importance of hydrogen bonds in mixtures of non-self-associating components with self-associating components. The parametrization is only possible by introducing a fast numerical method to calculate the derivative of bubble and dew point pressures with respect to arbitrarily many model parameters. The approach leverages reverse mode automatic differentiation (backpropagation), the same method used in machine learning to regress millions of model parameters to large datasets.
Generating functionally graded steel microstructures by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Pfaff Aron , Linnenberg Markus , Hoschke Klaus , Balle Frank
Published: November 2023

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is bearing the potential to generate new functionally graded microstructures (FGMi) whose properties are tailored regarding specific applications. However, locally altering the process parameters in order to create such microstructures can easily compromise the relative mass density and therefore the performance of a material. This work presents and investigates in situ heat treatments by double exposure in order to realize FGMi. The results show an increased parameter flexibility without compromising the relative mass density, when compared to a single exposure of the investigated low-alloy steel 30CrMoNb5-2. The systematic investigation regarding the impact of process parameters enables microstructures in the hardness range from approx. 380–510 HV10. Especially, the introduction of cooling breaks between single exposure tracks increases the hardness of the microstructure. Tensile tests show an increase in UTS by 21.3%, when comparing the results with a nonin situ heat treated sample (single exposure). A homogeneously in situ heat treated sample as well as both discrete and continuously graded samples demonstrate the potential of the novel method. Consequently, the presented double exposure approach for in situ heat treatments is offering a new flexibility regarding the creation of FGMi by L-PBF and will therefore support the development of future high-performance materials.
Meta-classifier free negative sampling for extreme multilabel classification
Authors: Qaraei Mohammadreza , Babbar Rohit
Published: November 2023

Negative sampling is a common approach for making the training of deep models in classification problems with very large output spaces, known as extreme multilabel classification (XMC) problems, tractable. Negative sampling methods aim to find per instance negative labels with higher scores, known as hard negatives, and limit the computations of the negative part of the loss to these labels. Two well-known methods for negative sampling in XMC models are meta-classifier-based and Maximum Inner product Search (MIPS)-based adaptive methods. Owing to their good prediction performance, methods which employ a meta classifier are more common in contemporary XMC research. On the flip side, they need to train and store the meta classifier (apart from the extreme classifier), which can involve millions of additional parameters. In this paper, we focus on the MIPS-based methods for negative sampling. We highlight two issues which may prevent deep models trained by these methods to undergo stable training. First, we argue that using hard negatives excessively from the beginning of training leads to unstable gradient. Second, we show that when all the negative labels in a MIPS-based method are restricted to only those determined by MIPS, training is sensitive to the length of intervals for pre-processing the weights in the MIPS method. To mitigate the aforementioned issues, we propose to limit the labels selected by MIPS to only a few and sample the rest of the needed labels from a uniform distribution. We show that our proposed MIPS-based negative sampling can reach the performance of LightXML, a transformer-based model trained by a meta classifier, while there is no need to train and store any additional classifier. The code for our experiments is available at https://github.com/xmc-aalto/mips-negative-sampling.
Bias and variance reduction of high return levels for extreme hazard modelling
Authors: Wang Chi-Hsiang
Published: November 2023

Many existing extremal data span only a few decades that result in large uncertainty in the estimated shape parameter of the extreme hazard model. This in turn leads to potentially large bias and variance of extrapolated extreme values at high return levels. This paper illustrates a statistical method that helps obtain hazard models that produce estimates at high return levels with reduced bias and variance. This method makes use of the maximum recorded values of extremal data that are independently recorded from a number of observational sites or generated by heterogeneous mechanisms. The logarithmically transformed average recurrence interval of the maximum recorded value at a site is shown to follow the Gumbel (Type I extreme value) distribution; therefore, multiple, say $$m$$
m
, observational sites provide a sample of size $$m$$
m
log-transformed average recurrence intervals, each from a distinct site. The sample can be treated as a sample from a Gumbel distribution, irrespective of the underlying hazard-generating mechanisms or the statistical hazard models. Application of the method is illustrated by analysis of the extreme wind gust data from automatic weather stations in South Australia and shown to lead to significant reduction of 2.9 m/s in potential bias of the mean and a reduction of 98.1% in variance of the 500-year gust speed at Adelaide Airport. The results are compared to the specifications in the Australian standard AS/NZS 1170.2:2021 and indicate that the standard may have overestimated the wind gust hazard; hence, the specified design wind speeds may fall on the conservative side for South Australia.
Mutual entailment between causation and responsibility
Authors: Sytsma Justin , Willemsen Pascale , Reuter Kevin
Published: November 2023

The standard view in philosophy is that responsibility entails causation. Most philosophers treat this entailment claim as an evident insight into the ordinary concepts of responsibility and causation. Further, it is taken to be equally obvious that the reversal of this claim does not hold: causation does not entail responsibility. In contrast, Sytsma and Livengood have put forward an account of the use of ordinary causal attributions (statements like “X caused Y”) that contends that they are typically used interchangeably with responsibility attributions (statements like “X is responsible for Y”). Put in terms of the concepts at play in these attributions, this account suggests that the reversal of the entailment claim may also hold, and, a fortiori, there would be mutual entailment between the ordinary concepts of responsibility and causation. Using the cancellability test, we report the results of three pre-registered studies providing empirical evidence that causation and responsibility are mutually entailed by each other.
The Fractional Laplacian with Reflections
Authors: Bogdan Krzysztof , Kunze Markus
Published: November 2023

Motivated by the notion of isotropic $$\alpha $$
α
-stable Lévy processes confined, by reflections, to a bounded open Lipschitz set $$D\subset \mathbb {R}^d$$

D
⊂

R

d

, we study some related analytical objects. Thus, we construct the corresponding transition semigroup, identify its generator and prove exponential speed of convergence of the semigroup to a unique stationary distribution for large time.
Punishing the Last Citizens? On the Climate Necessity Defence
Authors: Coca-Vila Ivó
Published: November 2023

Faced with the inaction of liberal democracies to effectively tackle global warming, many climate activists engage in forms of protests that involve committing minor criminal offences. They seek to shape official decisions on climate policies by resorting to civil disobedience. Some of these activists, rather than accepting punishment, have successfully claimed to be acting in a justified manner by invoking the necessity defence. The aim of this article is to show that, within the framework of representative democracies guided by the rule of law, the climate necessity defence must be rejected, since such protests do not meet the ‘non-legal alternatives’ requirement. This does not mean, however, that protesters should be punished as common offenders. Their acceptance of responsibility and political motivation should be taken into account as a mitigating factor at sentencing.
Errors: Springboard for learning or tool for evaluation? Ambivalence in teachers’ error-related beliefs and practices
Authors: Soncini Annalisa , Matteucci Maria Cristina , Butera Fabrizio
Published: November 2023

Teachers’ beliefs about students’ errors are influenced by structural factors and by other beliefs towards education and students that teachers may hold. The literature on this topic has provided some evidence and some mixed results. Furthermore, some structural aspects related to errors have not been considered in framing teachers’ beliefs about errors, such as the use of grades as a classroom assessment practice, which is strongly related to errors in testing situations. Based on these premises, this study aimed to explore teachers’ beliefs about errors and the practices teachers report using to deal with students’ errors in the classroom and teachers’ beliefs about the interdependence between grades and errors. Italian teachers (N = 33) from primary, middle, and secondary schools had been interviewed and the qualitative data were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. The results showed that, according to teachers, errors acquire different meanings in the learning process, which are related to the roles they play in fostering or not learning. Furthermore, in describing these roles teachers reported to use specific practices to deal with students’ errors. Finally, teachers acknowledged that classroom assessment based on grades has a negative interdependency with errors that makes it difficult to present errors as a fruitful part of learning both in learning and testing situations. Our results reveal the ambivalence of teachers’ beliefs about errors and shed light on the challenges the grading evaluation system poses to teachers.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Lembas Agnieszka , Załęski Andrzej , Peller Michał , Mikuła Tomasz , Wiercińska-Drapało Alicja
Published: November 2023

The developments in HIV treatments have increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH), a situation that makes cardiovascular disease (CVD) in that population as relevant as ever. PLWH are at increased risk of CVD, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is continually increasing. HIV infection is associated with elevated levels of multiple proinflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-1β, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, osteopontin, sCD14, hs-CRP, and D-dimer. Other currently examined mechanisms include CD4 + lymphocyte depletion, increased intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, and altered cholesterol metabolism. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to decreases in the concentrations of the majority of proinflammatory molecules, although most remain higher than in the general population. Moreover, adverse effects of ART also play an important role in increased CVD risk, especially in the era of rapid advancement of new therapeutical options. Nevertheless, it is currently believed that HIV plays a more significant role in the development of metabolic syndromes than treatment-associated factors. PLWH being more prone to develop CVD is also due to the higher prevalence of smoking and chronic coinfections with viruses such as HCV and HBV. For these reasons, it is crucial to consider HIV a possible causal factor in CVD occurrence, especially among young patients or individuals without common CVD risk factors.
High-Density Exploration of Activity States in a Multi-Area Brain Model
Authors: Aquilué-Llorens David , Goldman Jennifer S. , Destexhe Alain
Published: November 2023

To simulate whole brain dynamics with only a few equations, biophysical, mesoscopic models of local neuron populations can be connected using empirical tractography data. The development of mesoscopic mean-field models of neural populations, in particular, the Adaptive Exponential (AdEx mean-field model), has successfully summarized neuron-scale phenomena leading to the emergence of global brain dynamics associated with conscious (asynchronous and rapid dynamics) and unconscious (synchronized slow-waves, with Up-and-Down state dynamics) brain states, based on biophysical mechanisms operating at cellular scales (e.g. neuromodulatory regulation of spike-frequency adaptation during sleep-wake cycles or anesthetics). Using the Virtual Brain (TVB) environment to connect mean-field AdEx models, we have previously simulated the general properties of brain states, playing on spike-frequency adaptation, but have not yet performed detailed analyses of other parameters possibly also regulating transitions in brain-scale dynamics between different brain states. We performed a dense grid parameter exploration of the TVB-AdEx model, making use of High Performance Computing. We report a remarkable robustness of the effect of adaptation to induce synchronized slow-wave activity. Moreover, the occurrence of slow waves is often paralleled with a closer relation between functional and structural connectivity. We find that hyperpolarization can also generate unconscious-like synchronized Up and Down states, which may be a mechanism underlying the action of anesthetics. We conclude that the TVB-AdEx model reveals large-scale properties identified experimentally in sleep and anesthesia.
Writing, Reading, and Interpreting a Rorschach Text
Authors: Bortolini Matteo
Published: November 2023

A rejoinder to the papers on A Joyfully Serious Man. The Life of Robert Bellah (AJSM) written by Andrew Abbott, Federico Brandmayr, Charles Camic, Andrea Cossu, Jean-Louis Fabiani, Laura Ford, Harlan Stelmach, and Rhys Williams. Conceived as an exercise in self-reflection, the paper addresses five wide areas: specific critiques of AJSM; an assessment of the relationship between AJSM and the research project whence it came; the connections between author and critics; a clarification of some fact regarding the main character of AJSM, that is, Robert Bellah; and the analysis of particular experiences which the author, Bellah, and his critics share as sociologists.
Assessment of water productivity improvement strategies using system dynamics approach
Authors: Nazari Bijan , Kanani Elahe , Sepehri Saloome
Published: November 2023

This study utilizes a system dynamics approach (SD) to assess the effects of water productivity improvement strategies on the Qazvin plain, Iran, and the uncertainty of the individual and interactive effects. The key indicators included in the important strategies are cropping pattern scenarios (CPS), deficit irrigation (DI), and modern irrigation systems development (MISD). Plain-scale results show that CPS 7, CPS 4, and CPS 8 had the highest physical water productivity (WPp) at 2.11, 1.99, and 1.95 kg/m3, respectively, representing a 21, 14, and 12 percent increase over CPS 1. Compared with CPS 1, CPS 4, CPS 6, and CPS 8 showed the highest values of WPe (5678, 5568, and 5503 Rials/m3, respectively). At the field scale, under DI, WPp increased for all crops (except corn, which was the most sensitive), but WPe is only increased for tomato, canola, pea, and barley and reduced for corn, potato, beans, lentils, and sugar beet. The WPe was affected by the DI, the irrigation system type, and the CPS. CPS 7 and CPS 6 had the highest and lowest water requirements, respectively, with 11,699 and 8207 m3/ha. Volume decline in aquifers is significantly affected by both CPS and DI. The CPS6, CPS8, and CPS2 were better than other scenarios. By modifying the cropping pattern, it is possible to prevent aquifer decline, thus improving the aquifer status (CPS5). MISD increased both field and plain WPp for all crops. The MISD improved groundwater resources and reduced demand by increasing efficiency to improve aquifer condition.
Novel synthesis of γ-Al2O3/carbon hollow nanosphere nanocomposite for the optimal removal of Ni2+ ions from wastewater and reuse in blood fingerprint enhancement
Authors: Nthwane Y. B. , Fouda-Mbanga B. G. , Thwala M. , Pillay K.
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to solve environmental problems, particularly water quality and escalating crime rates. The carbon hollow nanosphere was prepared from orange peels by a reflux method. The carbon hollow nanosphere was coated with Gamma-aluminium oxide (γ-Al2O3 NPs) via the hydrothermal method. The samples were analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Thermogravimetric analysis, and X-Ray diffraction analysis. The surface area of γ-Al2O3/carbon hollow nanosphere nanocomposite was confirmed to be 578,039 m2/g, and the Ni2+ ions were analysed using ICP-OES. With a maximum adsorption capacity of 56.980 mg/g and a pH 9, batch adsorption experiments revealed that the uptake of Ni2+ ions best fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model effectively described the uptake of Ni2+ ions with a higher R2 of 0.999. Thermodynamic measurements showed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the Ni2+ ions adsorption using the γ-Al2O3/carbon hollow nanospheres nanocomposite. The adsorbent was then used to identify latent blood fingerprints, and it was discovered that Ni2+-γ-Al2O3/carbon hollow nanosphere generated clear images of blood fingerprints on different substrates.

Graphical abstract
Remote collaborative process optimization in research and design of industrial manufacturing
Authors: Wang Siqin , Li Qingdu
Published: November 2023

In response to the impact of COVID-19, the manufacturing industry and academic industrial research have largely shifted to online or hybrid conference formats. The sudden change has posed challenges for researchers and teams to adapt. Based on the current state of online conferences, inadequate communication, disruptions during meetings, confusion and loss of meeting information, and difficulties in conducting online collaborations are observed. This paper presents a design of a real-time discussion board that combines online conferences and synchronous discussions to address the issues arising from remote collaborations in industrial research. The research demonstrates that synchronous discussions conducted within multi-team industrial collaboration teams with specific and diverse issues can better control the flow of meetings, enhance meeting efficiency, promote participant interaction and engagement, reduce information loss, and weaken the boundaries between online and offline collaboration.
Review and content analysis of textual expressions as a marker for depressive and anxiety disorders (DAD) detection using machine learning
Authors: Sharma Chandra Mani , Damani Darsh , Chariar Vijayaraghavan M.
Published: November 2023

Depressive disorders (including major depressive disorder and dysthymia) and anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder or GAD) disorders are the two most prevalent mental illnesses. Early diagnosis of these afflictions can lead to cost-effective treatment with a better outcome prospectus. With the advent of digital technology and platforms, people express themselves by various means, such as social media posts, blogs, journals, instant messaging services, etc. Text remains the most common and convenient form of expression. Therefore, it can be used to predict the onset of anxiety and depression. Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases were used to retrieve the relevant literature using a set of predefined search strings. Irrelevant publications were filtered using multiple criteria. The research meta data was subsequently analyzed using the Biblioshiny Tool of R. Finally, a comparative analysis of most suitable documents is presented. A total of 103 documents were used for bibliometric mapping in terms of research outcome over the past years, productivity of authors, institutions, and countries, collaborations, trend topics, keyword co-occurrence, etc. Neural networks and support vector machines are the most popular ML techniques; word embeddings are extensively used for text representations. There is a shift toward using multiple modalities. SVM, Naive Bayes, and LSTM are the most used ML methods; social media is the most used source of data (Twitter is the most common platform); and audio is the most used modality that is combined with text for depressive and anxiety disorders (DAD) detection. Text data provides good cues for the detection of DAD using machine learning. However, the findings in most of the cases are based on a limited amount of data. Using large amounts of data with other modalities can help develop more generalized DAD-detection systems. Asian countries are leading in the research output with China and India being the top countries in terms of the number of research publications. However, more international collaborations are needed. Limited research exists for anxiety disorders. Co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive disorders is high (33% of studies).
Institutional Genidentity
Authors: RUST JOSHUA
Published: November 2023

An abbreviated history of marriage helps motivate the question of whether ancient Roman marriage and contemporary love marriage could qualify as stages of the same (token) institution despite carrying significantly different functions, deontological powers, and constitutive rules. Having raised the question of institutional identity over time, I proceed to answer the question by appealing to Kurt Lewin's notion of genidentity. Lewin intends the notion of genidentity to track the spatiotemporal unfolding of different physical and biological processes, such as ontogenesis. I extend the notion of genidentity to the institutional sphere by identifying two ‘re-anchoring mechanisms’ that would describe the conditions under which institutions with different characteristics could nevertheless qualify as the same institution across time. First, formal institutions can be re-anchored by way of a self-amending secondary rule. Second, informal institutions can be re-anchored by leveraging the inherent indeterminacy of the exemplars that indexically define them. I then argue ancient Roman marriage and contemporary love marriage are genidentical in virtue of the actions of a (mostly) informal re-anchoring mechanism.
Racial disparities in Clostridioides difficile testing in three southeastern US hospitals
Authors: Warren Bobby G. , Burch Christopher D. , Barrett Aaron , Graves Amanda , Gettler Erin , Turner Nicholas A. , Moehring Rebekah W. , Anderson Deverick J.
Published: November 2023

Objective:

To analyze Clostridioides difficile testing in 3 hospitals in central North Carolina to validate previous racial health-disparity findings.

Methods:

We completed a retrospective analysis of inpatient C. difficile tests from 2015 to 2021 at 3 university-affiliated hospitals in North Carolina. We calculated the number of C. difficile tests per 1,000 patient days stratified by race: White, Black, and non-White, non-Black (NWNB). We defined a unique C. difficile test as one that occurred in an inpatient unit with a matching laboratory accession ID and on differing calendar days. Tests were evaluated overall, by hospital, by year, and by positivity rate.

Results:

In total, 35,160 C. difficile tests and 2,571,850 patient days across all 3 hospitals from 2015 to 2021 were analyzed. The median number of C. difficile tests per 1,000 patient days was 13.85 (interquartile range [IQR], 9.88–16.07). Among all C. difficile tests, 5,225 (15%) were positive. White patients were administered more C. difficile tests (14.46 per 1,000 patient days) than Black patients (12.96; P < .0001) or NWNB race patients (10.27; P < .0001). Black patients were administered more tests than NWNB patients (P < .0001). White patients tested positive at a similar rate to Black patients (15% vs 15%; P = .3655) and higher than NWNB individuals (12%; P = .0061), and Black patients tested positive at a higher rate than NWNB patients (P = .0024).

Conclusion:

White patients received more C. difficile tests than Black and NWNB patient groups when controlling for race patient days. Future studies should control for comorbidities and investigate community onset of C. difficile by race and ethnicity.
Empire's Embezzlers: Fraud and Scandal in U.S.-Occupied Cuba, 1900–1902
Authors: Akiboh Alvita
Published: November 2023

In 1900, news of U.S. postal officials committing fraud in Cuba became a scandal that influenced the political, legal, and governmental trajectory of U.S. imperialism. Anti-imperialist Democrats used the frauds to undermine Republican pro-imperialists on the eve of the 1900 election. Prominent Republicans hoped to contain the scandal through swift punishment, but when the accused refused extradition, the resulting Supreme Court case, though rarely discussed, became the first of theInsular Cases. In 1900, it was not yet clear whether the U.S. empire would be run by self-interested actors or self-proclaimed progressive reformers. The commitment to progressive imperialism observed later in other colonies was, at least in part, worked out in this postal frauds case, as individuals chose how to respond to the scandal. Their actions were guided as much by scandal and the pursuit of self-interest as they were by lofty ideals about good government.
Corporate Venture Capital and Firm Scope
Authors: Zhang Yifei
Published: November 2023

This study examines whether and how corporate venture capital (CVC) spurs changes in firm scope. Using two text-based measures of firm scope, I provide evidence that CVC investments are strongly correlated with subsequent changes in firm scope among CVC parent firms, including seeding emerging businesses and creating new segments or divisions. Further evidence is consistent with an experimentation view, with more promising ventures having a stronger strategic impact on the scope changes of parent firms. Moreover, the study finds that post-CVC scope changes are primarily built internally and rarely involve killer acquisitions. These changes create value for CVC parents.
Recommendations for the establishment of a trans-island canopy bridge network to support primate movement across Langkawi Island, Malaysia
Authors: Galea Benjamin , Mobarak Irshad , Izzati Nur Afiqah , Fong May Yin , Abdullah Muhammad Firdaus Dev , Mohd Bukhari Azmil Munif , Lim Chen Kim , Ruppert Nadine
Published: November 2023

The expansion of transportation and service corridors has numerous, well-documented adverse effects on wildlife. However, little research on this topic has been translated into mitigating the effects of habitat fragmentation caused by road development on primates. The establishment of canopy bridges has proven to be an effective conservation intervention. Of the completed primate canopy bridge projects reported in the literature, to our knowledge, all attempt to mitigate the impacts caused by singular, linear infrastructure routes. Here we provide recommendations for the establishment of a network of natural and artificial canopy bridges over roads throughout Langkawi Island, Malaysia, to reduce rates of roadkill and support the movement of primates and other arboreal animals across the island by identifying suitable sites and appropriate tree species to be planted (including Ficus racemosa and Ficus fistulosa), bridge materials and post-installation monitoring. The establishment of this pioneering trans-island canopy bridge network could function as a model to enhance connectivity for arboreal animals in other important wildlife habitat sites in Malaysia and beyond that are affected by fragmentation from linear infrastructure. We have begun discussions with relevant authorities, partners and other pertinent parties, focusing on the initiation of construction of the canopy bridge network in 2024.
Increased virulence due to multiple infection in Daphnia leads to limited growth in 1 of 2 co-infecting microsporidian parasites
Authors: O'Keeffe Floriane E. , Pendleton Rebecca C. , Holland Celia V. , Luijckx Pepijn
Published: November 2023

Recent outbreaks of various infectious diseases have highlighted the ever-present need to understand the drivers of the outbreak and spread of disease. Although much of the research investigating diseases focuses on single infections, natural systems are dominated by multiple infections. These infections may occur simultaneously, but are often acquired sequentially, which may alter the outcome of infection. Using waterfleas (Daphnia magna) as a model organism, we examined the outcome of sequential and simultaneous multiple infections with 2 microsporidian parasites (Ordospora colligata and Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis) in a fully factorial design with 9 treatments and 30 replicates. We found no differences between simultaneous and sequential infections. However, H. tvaerminnensis fitness was impeded by multiple infection due to increased host mortality, which gave H. tvaerminnensis less time to grow. Host fecundity was also reduced across all treatments, but animals infected with O. colligata at a younger age produced the fewest offspring. As H. tvaerminnensis is both horizontally and vertically transmitted, this reduction in offspring may have further reduced H. tvaerminnensis fitness in co-infected treatments. Our findings suggest that in natural populations where both species co-occur, H. tvaerminnensis may evolve to higher levels of virulence following frequent co-infection by O. colligata.
The Foods of Love? Food Gifts, Courtship and Emotions in Long Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Holloway Sally
Published: November 2023

This article rediscovers the importance of food gifts in navigating the process of courtship in England during the long eighteenth century. Studies of courtship and gift-exchange to date have demonstrated how courting couples exchanged a wide range of gifts to produce and intensify feelings of love and advance their relationships toward the altar, from garters and gloves to ribbons, rings, portrait miniatures and locks of hair. Yet the edible gift has remained conspicuously absent from this picture. The article reinserts edible tokens into the historiography of love and marriage, revealing how they operated as an indispensable and unique part of the ‘gift mode’ during courtship. It demonstrates how courting couples exchanged a wide range of foodstuffs from cakes and sweetmeats to game, fowl, fish, exotic fruits and home-grown produce. In doing so, the article advances the burgeoning field of emotions and material culture by demonstrating how organic or perishable items could function as powerful emotional objects, able to nourish the human body, provide a source of sensual and gustatory pleasure and elicit feelings of joy, delight, love and desire. In turn, these gifts show courtship made everyday, transacted between couples and their families, and situated in gardens and squares, shops, theatres and around a family's tea table.
Time after time: Factors influencing children’s comprehension of Before and After
Authors: WAGNER Laura , HOLT Rachael Frush
Published: November 2023

We investigated older children’s (7–12 years) ability to comprehend before and after sentences. Results found that three factors that influence pre-school aged children’s learning of these words continues to influence older children’s comprehension. Specifically, children’s accuracy is improved when the events can be naturally (vs. arbitrarily) ordered; when the clauses in the sentence iconically match (vs. mismatch) the order of the events in the world; and when sentences use before (vs. after). The first two factors are argued to directly facilitate the building of mental models while the last one does so indirectly because of patterns of input usage.
The Emergence of Right-Wing Partisanship in Poland, 1993–2018: Reconciling Demand-Side Explanations of the Success of Illiberalism
Authors: Ślarzyński Marcin
Published: November 2023

Scholars studying the electoral breakthroughs of right-wing illiberalism have arrived at two general conclusions: while they largely rejected the hypothesis that this phenomenon is grounded in voters’ attitudinal shift, they have shown that those voting for the illiberal Right have distinguishing socio-economic and attitudinal characteristics. My analysis reconciles these two sets of findings by documenting the gradual emergence and transformation of the right-wing electorate in Poland in the period 1993–2018 and points to the consolidation of a right-wing partisanship as an organizing factor of the “illiberal moment.” Using the POLPAN panel dataset I find that populist and authoritarian attitudes indeed emerge in Poland in the twenty-first century to distinguish those supporting the Right more and more centered around the PiS party. These attitudes, however, have been incorporated in the context of partisan rivalry—right-wing voters, for example, are more supportive of limiting democratic procedures but only when the Right is in power. In the first decade of the twenty-first century PiS also politicized the lack of partisan consensus on the expansion of the welfare state. PiS incorporated this demand in its stance legitimizing the expansion of the welfare state through what was available in its ideological repertoire: national solidarity, national victimhood, and the idea of a sovereign nation-state joined under the umbrella of Catholic symbolism. This post-consensus polarization and asymmetrical political radicalization resembles the “illiberal moment” in Western Europe that followed the convergence between center-left and center-right parties but they lack a crystallized class-based political identity and social-democratic understanding of political economy to build on.
Das große Handbuch für Erwachsene mit ADHS
Authors: Barkley Russel A. , Benton Christine M.
Published: November 2023

Erfolgreich und glücklich in Beruf und Familie – mit ADHS

Gehören Sie auch zu den Zehntausenden von Erwachsenen mit ADHS? In diesem Ratgeber finden Sie praktische Anleitungen, damit Sie sich besser organisieren und konzentrieren können sowie mehr Kontrolle über die eigenen Gefühle und Verhaltensweisen erlangen – basierend auf den neuesten -wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen.
Der Autor Russell A. Barkley ist praktizierender Psychiater und ehemaliger Professor für Psychiatrie in den USA. Er gilt als weltweit führender Experte zum Thema ADHS. Er zeigt Ihnen anhand eindrücklicher Fallbeispiele und einfacher Techniken, wie Sie Ihre Symptome besser beherrschen lernen, und legt dar, wie Sie neue Fähigkeiten entwickeln können, um im Beruf zielgerichteter und im Familienleben glücklicher zu werden.
Die dritte, überarbeitete Auflage enthält die neuesten Ansätze und Fakten zu Medikamenten sowie erweiterte Diskussionen über Achtsamkeit, emotionale Selbstkontrolle, Zeitmanagement, den Aufbau einer erfolgreichen Karriere, die Aufrechterhaltung eines gesunden Lebensstils und vieles mehr.
Nutzen Sie dieses Handbuch als wertvolle Unterstützung, um Ihren persönlichen und beruflichen Alltag trotz und mit ADHS zu meistern!
Vesicles driven by dynein and kinesin exhibit directional reversals without regulators
Authors: D’Souza Ashwin I. , Grover Rahul , Monzon Gina A. , Santen Ludger , Diez Stefan
Published: November 2023

Intracellular vesicular transport along cytoskeletal filaments ensures targeted cargo delivery. Such transport is rarely unidirectional but rather bidirectional, with frequent directional reversals owing to the simultaneous presence of opposite-polarity motors. So far, it has been unclear whether such complex motility pattern results from the sole mechanical interplay between opposite-polarity motors or requires regulators. Here, we demonstrate that a minimal system, comprising purified Dynein-Dynactin-BICD2 (DDB) and kinesin-3 (KIF16B) attached to large unilamellar vesicles, faithfully reproduces in vivo cargo motility, including runs, pauses, and reversals. Remarkably, opposing motors do not affect vesicle velocity during runs. Our computational model reveals that the engagement of a small number of motors is pivotal for transitioning between runs and pauses. Taken together, our results suggest that motors bound to vesicular cargo transiently engage in a tug-of-war during pauses. Subsequently, stochastic motor attachment and detachment events can lead to directional reversals without the need for regulators.