bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of pressure gradients on wall pressure beneath a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Cohen Elie , Gloerfelt Xavier
Published: January 2018

This study investigates the effects of a pressure gradient on the wall pressure beneath equilibrium turbulent boundary layers. Excitation of the walls of a vehicle by turbulent boundary layers indeed constitutes a major source of interior noise and it is necessary to take into account the presence of a pressure gradient to represent the effect of the curvature of the walls. With this aim, large-eddy simulations of turbulent boundary layers in the presence of both mild adverse and mild favourable pressure gradients are carried out by solving the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. This method provides both the aeroacoustic contribution and the hydrodynamic wall-pressure fluctuations. A critical comparison with existing databases, including recent measurements, is conducted to assess the influence of a free stream pressure gradient. The analyses of wall-pressure spectral densities show an increase in the low-frequency content from adverse to favourable conditions, yielding higher integrated levels of pressure fluctuations scaled by the wall shear stress. This is accompanied by a steeper decay rate in the medium-frequency portion for adverse pressure gradients. No significant difference is found for the mean convection velocity. Frequency–wavenumber spectra including the subconvective region are presented for the first time in the presence of a pressure gradient. A scaling law for the convective ridge is proposed, and the acoustic domain is captured by the simulations. Direct acoustic emissions have similar features in all gradient cases, even if slightly higher levels are noted for boundary layers subjected to an adverse gradient.
Impaired cognitive plasticity and goal-directed control in adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Gottwald Julia , de Wit Sanne , Apergis-Schoute Annemieke M. , Morein-Zamir Sharon , Kaser Muzaffer , Cormack Francesca , Sule Akeem , Limmer Winifred , Morris Anna Conway , Robbins Trevor W. , Sahakian Barbara J.
Published: January 2018

Background

Youths with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) experience severe distress and impaired functioning at school and at home. Critical cognitive domains for daily functioning and academic success are learning, memory, cognitive flexibility and goal-directed behavioural control. Performance in these important domains among teenagers with OCD was therefore investigated in this study.

Methods

A total of 36 youths with OCD and 36 healthy comparison subjects completed two memory tasks: Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) and Paired Associates Learning (PAL); as well as the Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED) task to quantitatively gauge learning as well as cognitive flexibility. A subset of 30 participants of each group also completed a Differential-Outcome Effect (DOE) task followed by a Slips-of-Action Task, designed to assess the balance of goal-directed and habitual behavioural control.

Results

Adolescent OCD patients showed a significant learning and memory impairment. Compared with healthy comparison subjects, they made more errors on PRM and PAL and in the first stages of IED involving discrimination and reversal learning. Patients were also slower to learn about contingencies in the DOE task and were less sensitive to outcome devaluation, suggesting an impairment in goal-directed control.

Conclusions

This study advances the characterization of juvenile OCD. Patients demonstrated impairments in all learning and memory tasks. We also provide the first experimental evidence of impaired goal-directed control and lack of cognitive plasticity early in the development of OCD. The extent to which the impairments in these cognitive domains impact academic performance and symptom development warrants further investigation.
The sociocultural functions of episodic memory
Authors: Fivush Robyn
Published: January 2018

The functional use of episodic memories to claim epistemic truth must be placed within sociocultural contexts in which certain truths are privileged. Episodic memories are shared, evaluated, and understood within sociocultural interactions, creating both individual and group identities. These negotiated identities provide the foundation from which epistemic claims to truth can be made.
ONE POSITIVE AND TWO NEGATIVE RESULTS FOR DERIVED CATEGORIES OF ALGEBRAIC STACKS
Authors: Hall Jack , Neeman Amnon , Rydh David
Published: January 2018

Let$X$be a quasi-compact and quasi-separated scheme. There are two fundamental and pervasive facts about the unbounded derived category of$X$: (1)$\mathsf{D}_{\text{qc}}(X)$is compactly generated by perfect complexes and (2) if$X$is noetherian or has affine diagonal, then the functor$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}_{X}:\mathsf{D}(\mathsf{QCoh}(X))\rightarrow \mathsf{D}_{\text{qc}}(X)$is an equivalence. Our main results are that for algebraic stacks in positive characteristic, the assertions (1) and (2) are typically false.
What should health insurance cover? A comparison of Israeli and US approaches to benefit design under national health reform
Authors: Nissanholtz Gannot Rachel , Chinitz David P. , Rosenbaum Sara
Published: January 2018

What health insurance should cover and pay for represents one of the most complex questions in national health policy. Israel shares with the US reliance on a regulated insurance market and we compare the approaches of the two countries regarding determining health benefits. Based on review and analysis of literature, laws and policy in the United States and Israel. The Israeli experience consists of selection of a starting point for defining coverage; calculating the expected cost of covered benefits; and creating a mechanism for updating covered benefits within a defined budget. In implementing the Affordable Care Act, the US rejected a comprehensive and detailed approach to essential health benefits. Instead, federal regulators established broadly worded minimum standards that can be supplemented through more stringent state laws and insurer discretion. Notwithstanding differences between the two systems, the elements of the Israeli approach to coverage, which has stood the test of time, may provide a basis for the United States as it renews its health reform debate and considers delegating decisions about coverage to the states. Israel can learn to emulate the more forceful regulation of supplemental and private insurance that characterizes health policy in the United States.
Scientists Create Catalog of Altotiberina Fault in Italy
Authors: Shultz David
Published: January 2018

More than 37,000 small earthquakes paint a picture of the fault’s behavior and seismic potential.
Electronic Structure and Band Gap Engineering of Two-Dimensional Octagon-Nitrogene
Authors: Lin Wanxing , Li Jiesen , Wang Weiliang , Liang Shi-Dong , Yao Dao-Xin
Published: January 2018

A new phase of nitrogen with octagon structure has been predicted in our previous study, which we referred to as octagon-nitrogene (ON). In this work, we make further investigations of its stability and electronic structures. The phonon dispersion has no imaginary phonon modes, which indicates that ON is dynamically stable. Using ab initio molecular dynamic simulations, this structure is found to be stable up to room temperature and possibly higher, and ripples that are similar to that of graphene are formed on the ON sheet. Based on the density functional theory calculation, we find that single layer ON is a two-dimension wide gap semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 4.7 eV. This gap can be decreased by stacking due to the interlayer interactions. Biaxial tensile strain and perpendicular electric field can greatly influence the band structure of ON, in which the gap decreases and eventually closes as the biaxial tensile strain or the perpendicular electric field increases. In other words, both biaxial tensile strain and a perpendicular electric field can drive the insulator-to-metal transition, and thus can be used to engineer the band gap of ON. From our results, we see that ON has potential applications in many fields, including electronics, semiconductors, optics and spintronics.
Downy mildew symptoms on grapevines can be reduced by volatile organic compounds of resistant genotypes
Authors: Lazazzara Valentina , Bueschl Christoph , Parich Alexandra , Pertot Ilaria , Schuhmacher Rainer , Perazzolli Michele
Published: January 2018

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a crucial role in the communication of plants with other organisms and are possible mediators of plant defence against phytopathogens. Although the role of non-volatile secondary metabolites has been largely characterised in resistant genotypes, the contribution of VOCs to grapevine defence mechanisms against downy mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola) has not yet been investigated. In this study, more than 50 VOCs from grapevine leaves were annotated/identified by headspace-solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Following P. viticola inoculation, the abundance of most of these VOCs was higher in resistant (BC4, Kober 5BB, SO4 and Solaris) than in susceptible (Pinot noir) genotypes. The post-inoculation mechanism included the accumulation of 2-ethylfuran, 2-phenylethanol, β-caryophyllene, β-cyclocitral, β-selinene and trans-2-pentenal, which all demonstrated inhibitory activities against downy mildew infections in water suspensions. Moreover, the development of downy mildew symptoms was reduced on leaf disks of susceptible grapevines exposed to air treated with 2-ethylfuran, 2-phenylethanol, β-cyclocitral or trans-2-pentenal, indicating the efficacy of these VOCs against P. viticola in receiver plant tissues. Our data suggest that VOCs contribute to the defence mechanisms of resistant grapevines and that they may inhibit the development of downy mildew symptoms on both emitting and receiving tissues.
Phylogenomic reclassification of the world’s most venomous spiders (Mygalomorphae, Atracinae), with implications for venom evolution
Authors: Hedin Marshal , Derkarabetian Shahan , Ramírez Martín J. , Vink Cor , Bond Jason E.
Published: January 2018

Here we show that the most venomous spiders in the world are phylogenetically misplaced. Australian atracine spiders (family Hexathelidae), including the notorious Sydney funnel-web spider Atrax robustus, produce venom peptides that can kill people. Intriguingly, eastern Australian mouse spiders (family Actinopodidae) are also medically dangerous, possessing venom peptides strikingly similar to Atrax hexatoxins. Based on the standing morphology-based classification, mouse spiders are hypothesized distant relatives of atracines, having diverged over 200 million years ago. Using sequence-capture phylogenomics, we instead show convincingly that hexathelids are non-monophyletic, and that atracines are sister to actinopodids. Three new mygalomorph lineages are elevated to the family level, and a revised circumscription of Hexathelidae is presented. Re-writing this phylogenetic story has major implications for how we study venom evolution in these spiders, and potentially genuine consequences for antivenom development and bite treatment research. More generally, our research provides a textbook example of the applied importance of modern phylogenomic research.
Measuring dynamic social contacts in a rehabilitation hospital: effect of wards, patient and staff characteristics
Authors: Duval Audrey , Obadia Thomas , Martinet Lucie , Boëlle Pierre-Yves , Fleury Eric , Guillemot Didier , Opatowski Lulla , Temime Laura ,   I-Bird study group, Alvarez Anne Sophie , Baraffe Audrey , Beiró Mariano , Bertucci Inga , Cyncynatus Camille , Dannet Florence , Delaby Marie Laure , Denys Pierre , de Cellès Matthieu Domenech , Fraboulet Antoine , Gaillard Jean-Louis , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Labrador Boris , Lasley Jennifer , Lawrence Christine , Legrand Judith , Le Minor Odile , Ligier Caroline , Mignon Karine , Sacleux Catherine , Salomon Jérôme , Perard Marie , Petit Laure , Remy Laeticia , Thiebaut Anne , Thomas Damien , Tronchet Philippe , Villain Isabelle
Published: January 2018

Understanding transmission routes of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) is key to improve their control. In this context, describing and analyzing dynamic inter-individual contact patterns in hospitals is essential. In this study, we used wearable sensors to detect Close Proximity Interactions (CPIs) among patients and hospital staff in a 200-bed long-term care facility over 4 months. First, the dynamic CPI data was described in terms of contact frequency and duration per individual status or activity and per ward. Second, we investigated the individual factors associated with high contact frequency or duration using generalized linear mixed-effect models to account for inter-ward heterogeneity. Hospital porters and physicians had the highest daily number of distinct contacts, making them more likely to disseminate HAI among individuals. Conversely, contact duration was highest between patients, with potential implications in terms of HAI acquisition risk. Contact patterns differed among hospital wards, reflecting varying care patterns depending on reason for hospitalization, with more frequent contacts in neurologic wards and fewer, longer contacts in geriatric wards. This study is the first to report proximity-sensing data informing on inter-individual contacts in long-term care settings. Our results should help better understand HAI spread, parameterize future mathematical models, and propose efficient control strategies.
The acute effects on duodenal gene expression in healthy men following consumption of a low-fat meal enriched with theobromine or fat
Authors: Smolders Lotte , Mensink Ronald P. , Boekschoten Mark V. , de Ridder Rogier J. J. , Plat Jogchum
Published: January 2018

Increasing apoA-I synthesis may improve HDL functionality and lower CVD risk. As theobromine and fat increase fasting apoA-I concentrations, and the intestine is involved in apoA-I production, the acute effects of both were studied on duodenal gene transcription to better understand underlying mechanisms. In this crossover study, 8 healthy men received once a low fat (LF) meal, a LF meal plus theobromine (850 mg), or a high fat (HF) meal. Five hours after meal intake duodenal biopsies were taken for microarray analysis. Theobromine and HF consumption did not change duodenal apoA-I expression. Theobromine did not change gene expression related to lipid and cholesterol metabolism, whereas those related to glycogen/glucose breakdown were downregulated. HF consumption increased gene expression related to lipid and cholesterol uptake and transport, and to glucose storage, while it decreased those related to glucose uptake. Furthermore, genes related to inflammation were upregulated, but inflammation markers in plasma were not changed. In healthy men, acute theobromine and fat consumption did not change duodenal apoA-I mRNA, but inhibited expression of genes related to glucose metabolism. Furthermore, HF intake activated in the duodenum expression of genes related to lipid and cholesterol metabolism and to inflammation.
The effect of environmental factors and migration dynamics on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in estuary environments
Authors: Na Guangshui , Lu Zihao , Gao Hui , Zhang Linxiao , Li Qianwei , Li Ruijing , Yang Fan , Huo Chuanlin , Yao Ziwei
Published: January 2018

Understanding the antibiotic resistance transmission mechanisms and migration dynamics of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the natural environment is critical given the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the fate of sulfonamide-resistant fecal bacteria (E. coli) in an estuary ecosystem and to explore the role and contribution of environmental factors in this process. The prevalence of sulfonamide-resistance status of E. coli was analyzed over different seasons in two estuary systems. Environmental factors and disturbance indices of anthropogenic activities were evaluated by detecting antibiotic concentrations, heavy metal abundance and other physicochemical parameters. The abundances of antibiotic-resistant E. coli were significantly attenuated during land-sea migration suggesting that estuary environments play a natural mitigation role in the contamination of freshwaters by antibiotic-resistant E. coli. Additionally, environmental factors and disturbance indices of anthropogenic activities significantly correlated with the distribution and migration of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in the estuaries. Lastly, simulation experiments suggested differential adaptability between antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant E. coli towards environmental changes in estuary environments. Meanwhile, our results indicate that low concentrations of antibiotics will not increase the competitive advantage of resistant E. coli in estuaries.
Targeted and Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Wild Grassland Plants identifies Antibiotic and Anthelmintic Compounds Targeting Pathogen Physiology, Metabolism and Reproduction
Authors: French Katherine E. , Harvey Joe , McCullagh James S. O.
Published: January 2018

Plants traditionally used by farmers to manage livestock ailments could reduce reliance on synthetic antibiotics and anthelmintics but in many cases their chemical composition is unknown. As a case study, we analyzed the metabolite profiles of 17 plant species and 45 biomass samples from agricultural grasslands in England using targeted and untargeted metabolite profiling by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. We identified a range of plant secondary metabolites, including 32 compounds with known antimicrobial/anthelmintic properties which varied considerably across the different plant samples. These compounds have been shown previously to target multiple aspects of pathogen physiology and metabolism in vitro and in vivo, including inhibition of quorum sensing in bacteria and egg viability in nematodes. The most abundant bioactive compounds were benzoic acid, myricetin, p-coumaric acid, rhamnetin, and rosmarinic acid. Four wild plants (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., Prunella vulgaris L., Centuarea nigra L., and Rhinanthus minor L.) and two forage legumes (Medicago sativa L., Trifolium hybridium L.) contained high levels of these compounds. Forage samples from native high-diversity grasslands had a greater abundance of medicinal compounds than samples from agriculturally improved grasslands. Incorporating plants with antibiotic/anthelmintic compounds into livestock feeds may reduce global drug-resistance and preserve the efficacy of last-resort drugs.
Role of fluorine in two-dimensional dichalcogenide of SnSe
2
Authors: Kim Jin Tae , Hyeon Da Seul , Hanzawa Kota , Kanai Ayaka , Kim Se Yun , Lee Yong Jei , Hosono Hideo , Bang Joonho , Lee Kimoon
Published: January 2018

Authors report an effect of F substitution on layered SnSe2 through the successful synthesis of polycrystalline SnSe2−δF
x
(0.000 ≤ x ≤ 0.010) by solid-state reaction. Accompanied with density functional theory calculations, the blue shift of A1g peak in Raman spectra reveal that F− ions are substituted at Se vacancy sites as decreasing the reduced mass of vibrational mode associated with Sn–Se bonding. From the measurements of electrical parameters, conductivity as well as carrier concentration are governed by thermally activated behavior, while such behavior is suppressed in Hall mobility, which occurs as F ratio increases. Based on Arrhenius relation, it is found that the potential barrier height at the grain boundary is suppressed with increasing F amount, suggesting that the F− ion is a promising candidate for the grain boundary passivation in the two-dimensional dichalcogenide system.
Sky-blue emitting bridged diiridium complexes: beneficial effects of intramolecular π–π stacking
Authors: Congrave Daniel G. , Hsu Yu-Ting , Batsanov Andrei S. , Beeby Andrew , Bryce Martin R.
Published: January 2018

Intramolecular π–π stacking has been applied as an innovative tool in the development of highly emissive sky-blue diiridium complexes.
Exploring the optical properties of Vernier phase yttrium oxyfluoride thin films grown by pulsed liquid injection MOCVD
Authors: Zhang Shan-Ting , Modreanu Mircea , Roussel Hervé , Jiménez Carmen , Deschanvres Jean-Luc
Published: January 2018

For the first time, thin films of Vernier phase yttrium oxyfluorides, exhibiting efficient luminescence properties, are deposited on Si wafers.
The contradictory effect of the methoxy-substituent in palladium-catalyzed ethylene/methyl acrylate cooligomerization
Authors: Rosar V. , Meduri A. , Montini T. , Fornasiero P. , Zangrando E. , Milani B.
Published: January 2018

Three new α-diimines bearing at least one methoxy group on one aryl ring were investigated. The introduction of the methoxy substituent on the ancillary ligand had a remarkable effect on the catalytic performances of the relevant palladium complexes.
Synthesis of high performance N-doped carbon coated Li2ZnTi3O8via a NTA-assisted solid-state route
Authors: Meng Zhaohui , Wang Song , Wang Lijuan , Hou Hongjiang
Published: January 2018

LZTO@C–N with an excellent electrochemical performance has been synthesized using NTA as C and N sources, as well as a chelating agent.
Pectin oligosaccharides from sugar beet pulp: molecular characterization and potential prebiotic activity
Authors: Prandi Barbara , Baldassarre Stefania , Babbar Neha , Bancalari Elena , Vandezande Pieter , Hermans David , Bruggeman Geert , Gatti Monica , Elst Kathy , Sforza Stefano
Published: January 2018

Pectin oligosaccharides (POS) obtained from sugar beet pulp with suitable technologies showed promising prebiotic activity.
Cretan tea (Origanum dictamnus L.) as a functional beverage: an investigation on antiglycative and carbonyl trapping activities
Authors: Maietta Mariarosa , Colombo Raffaella , Corana Federica , Papetti Adele
Published: January 2018

Chemical characterization of dittany infusion and its inhibitory effects on AGEs formation at different stages of the glycation reaction were investigated.
An approach towards the synthesis of novel fused nitrogen tricyclic heterocyclic scaffolds via GBB reaction
Authors: Balwe Sandip Gangadhar , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: January 2018

A concise and efficient one-pot synthesis of novel N-fused tricyclic derivatives has been developed by using the Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé (GBB) reaction, which involved the reaction of 3-amino-1H-indazoles, aldehydes and isonitriles to afford 2-aryl-5H-imidazo[1,2-b]indazol-3-amine derivatives via a formal [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction.
Few-layer graphitic shells networked by low temperature pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
Authors: Chen Yinxiang , Zhang Wei , Jiang Xiangfen , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Tang Daiming , Wang Xuebin , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , You Jungmok , Yamauchi Yusuke , Hu Ming
Published: January 2018

Low-temperature solid-state pyrolysis of ZIF-67 weaves graphitic shells into capsules.
Porous carbons derived from waste printing paper for high rate performance supercapacitors in alkaline, acidic and neutral electrolytes
Authors: Liu Dandan , Wang Yesheng , Qiu Zhipeng , Li Yanyan , Wang Li , Zhao Yi , Zhou Jin
Published: January 2018

Waste printing paper is used as a carbon precursor for the preparation of high performance carbon materials in supercapacitor applications.
Application of a novel definitive screening design to in situ chemical oxidation of acid orange-II dye by a Co2+/PMS system
Authors: Zhang Chunyong , Chen Wei , Xian Jiahui , Fu Degang
Published: January 2018

In this work, a novel definitive screening design (DSD) was initially used to investigate the in situ chemical oxidation of acid orange-II (AO II) dye using a homogeneous cobalt-catalyzed peroxymonosulfate (Co2+/PMS) system.
Green controllable synthesis of Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles using Chinese wolfberry fruit extract and their tunable photocatalytic activity
Authors: Sun Li , Yin Yuechao , Lv Pengcheng , Su Wenxian , Zhang Lixin
Published: January 2018

Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles, synthesized using wolfberry fruit extract, showed linearly tunable photocatalytic activity through changing alloy composition and synthesis parameters.
Convective evaporation of vertical films
Authors: Boulogne François , Dollet Benjamin
Published: January 2018

Motivated by the evaporation of soap films, which has a significant effect on their lifetime, we performed an experimental study on the evaporation of vertical surfaces with model systems based on hydrogels.
Chitinase-like proteins as regulators of innate immunity and tissue repair: helpful lessons for asthma?
Authors: Sutherland Tara E.
Published: January 2018

Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) belong to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 of proteins. Chitinases are expressed in mammals and lower organisms, facilitate chitin degradation, and hence act as host-defence enzymes. Gene duplication and loss-of-function mutations of enzymatically active chitinases have resulted in the expression of a diverse range of CLPs across different species. CLPs are genes that are increasingly associated with inflammation and tissue remodelling not only in mammals but also across distant species. While the focus has remained on understanding the functions and expression patterns of CLPs during disease in humans, studies in mouse and lower organisms have revealed important and overlapping roles of the CLP family during physiology, host defence and pathology. This review will summarise recent insights into the regulatory functions of CLPs on innate immune pathways and discuss how these effects are not only important for host defence and tissue injury/repair after pathogen invasion, but also how they have extensive implications for pathological processes involved in diseases such as asthma.
Aldosterone, SGK1, and ion channels in the kidney
Authors: Valinsky William C. , Touyz Rhian M. , Shrier Alvin
Published: January 2018

Hyperaldosteronism, a common cause of hypertension, is strongly connected to Na+, K+, and Mg2+ dysregulation. Owing to its steroidal structure, aldosterone is an active transcriptional modifier when bound to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in cells expressing the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, such as those comprising the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN). One such up-regulated protein, the ubiquitous serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), has the capacity to modulate the surface expression and function of many classes of renal ion channels, including those that transport Na+ (ENaC), K+ (ROMK/BK), Ca2+ (TRPV4/5/6), Mg2+ (TRPM7/6), and Cl− (ClC-K, CFTR). Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which ASDN expressed channels are up-regulated by SGK1, while highlighting newly discovered pathways connecting aldosterone to nonselective cation channels that are permeable to Mg2+ (TRPM7) or Ca2+ (TRPV4).
Expedited EM‐driven generation of Pareto‐optimal trade‐off curves for variable‐turn on‐chip inductors
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Kurgan Piotr
Published: January 2018

This work presents a novel approach to computationally efficient Pareto front identification for variable‐turn on‐chip inductors. The final outcome is a set of solutions that correspond to the best trade‐offs between conflicting design objectives. Here, we consider minimising inductor area and, simultaneously, maximising its quality factor, while maintaining a specified inductance value at a given operating frequency. As opposed to the typically used population‐based metaheuristics requiring massive computational resources to generate the entire Pareto front in a single algorithm run, the proposed method reduces the number of necessary structure evaluations by exploiting a point‐by‐point strategy for determining the consecutive trade‐off designs. The original design problem is a mixed‐integer task involving integer and non‐integer variables (here, the number of inductor windings and its geometry parameters). For the sake of computational efficiency, we develop a separate kriging interpolation model for each considered case of winding turns, and use it, instead of expensive electromagnetic simulations, to obtain the initial Pareto fronts. The non‐dominated part of the concatenated initial Pareto sets is subsequently elevated (accuracy‐wise) to the level of an electromagnetic analysis by means of a response correction technique. Our considerations are illustrated using a 3.5‐nH variable‐turn on‐chip inductor realised in 65‐nm CMOS technology.
Evaluation of array antenna systems for global navigation satellite system applications using wave‐field synthesis in an over‐the‐air laboratory
Authors: Schirmer Christopher , Rügamer Alexander , Kotterman Wim A.T. , Landmann Markus , Del Galdo Giovanni
Published: January 2018

Antenna characterisation is usually performed by antenna pattern measurements in an anechoic chamber. Subsequently, a conducted test, the radiated two‐stage or the wireless‐cable method can be used for an overall system evaluation considering the measured patterns. In this study, the authors present a method to perform device tests for antenna arrays/smart antennas with and without the need of radiation pattern measurements, and they validate it experimentally. By using over‐the‐air tests in a virtual electromagnetic environment and wave‐field synthesis, the propagation environment can be realistically recreated in the region around a device‐under‐test. This allows for reproducible performance comparisons of different antennas or systems under identical propagation environment conditions. As a special application, they consider the controlled reception pattern antenna in a global navigation satellite systems environment in the presence of interferer signals.
Comparative analysis of personal exposure levels induced by long‐term evolution 1800 Re‐farming and other RF sources in an urban environment
Authors: Hamiti Enver , Ibrani Mimoza , Ahma Luan , Dragusha Shpresa , Halili Rreze
Published: January 2018

Narrowband analysis of real‐life up‐link (UL) and down‐link (DL) trends in personal exposure to recently installed long‐term evolution 1800 and other radio frequency sources in typical everyday environments is presented in this work. Results are derived by analysis and post‐processing of experimental dataset consisting of 1,677,600 measurement samples, taken at a sampling frequency of 0.25 Hz. The electric field measurements were collected with calibrated personal exposure meters at 90 urban spots, including outdoor and indoor microenvironments. A robust regression from order statistics was applied, enabling the determination of more reliable mean exposure values (V/m) for each wireless and broadcast technology and microenvironment. The exposure ratio for global system for mobile communications (GSM) + long‐term evolution (LTE) 1800 (UL) and GSM + LTE 1800 (down link, DL) varied between 0.004 and 0.546% in outdoor environments. The maximal electric field value for the GSM + LTE 900 (DL) was 1.77 V/m, while for GSM + LTE 1800 (DL) this value was 0.644 V/m. The cumulative distribution function of the total radio frequency exposure for the various microenvironments is presented. The research results confirm that exposure levels in an urban environment even after the LTE 1800 Re‐farming deployment are far below the International Commission on Non‐ionising Radiation Protection reference levels.
GaN‐based complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor inverter with normally off Pch and Nch MOSFETs fabricated using polarisation‐induced holes and electron channels
Authors: Nakajima Akira , Kubota Shunsuke , Tsutsui Kazuo , Kakushima Kuniyuki , Wakabayashi Hitoshi , Iwai Hiroshi , Nishizawa Shin‐ichi , Ohashi Hiromichi
Published: January 2018

Gallium nitride (GaN)‐based P‐channel (Pch) and N‐channel (Nch) metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) with normally off operations were realised. Both Pch and Nch MOSFETs were monolithically fabricated in a polarisation‐junction platform wafer. The platform wafer was constructed with a GaN/aluminium GaN/GaN double heterostructure, which has both two‐dimensional hole gas (2DHG) and 2D electron gas (2DEG). The drain currents of Pch and Nch MOSFETs flow through 2DHG and 2DEG, respectively. The threshold gate voltages of the fabricated Pch and Nch MOSFETs were −2.7 and 6.7 V, respectively. It was shown that the threshold voltage and the on‐state resistance of the Pch MOSFET can be controlled by adjusting the 2DEG potential. Furthermore, using Pch and Nch MOSFETs, complementary MOS inverter operation was demonstrated.
Tunable THz perfect absorber with two absorption peaks based on graphene microribbons
Authors: Gu Mingyue , Xiao Binggang , Xiao Sanshui
Published: January 2018

Perfect absorption is characterised by the complete suppression of incident and reflected electromagnetic wave, and complete dissipation of the incident energy. A tunable perfect terahertz (THz) absorber with two absorption peaks based on graphene is presented. The proposed structure consists of graphene microribbons sandwiched between aluminium oxide strips and polymethyl methacrylate slab on a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer which is covered by periodic gold (Au) ribbons, and the SiO2 layer is supported by the Au substrate. The influence of the structural parameters on the absorption performance was analysed too. Especially, graphene can be used to design tunable THz devices due to its tunability of sheet conductivity which could be controlled by applying a bias voltage or chemical doping. A single‐band perfect absorption can be achieved when the chemical potential is set to 0.1 eV. Interestingly, when the chemical potential changed to 0.6 eV, a dual‐band absorption spectrum is obtained with absorption efficiency of the two peaks more than 90%. These results imply that the characteristics of graphene‐based surface plasmon could be used to design novel THz devices in future.
Discovery of a dual AGN at z ≃ 3.3 with 20 kpc separation
Authors: Husemann B. , Worseck G. , Arrigoni Battaia F. , Shanks T.
Published: January 2018

A prediction of the current paradigm of the hierarchical assembly of galaxies is the presence of supermassive dual black holes at separations of a few kpc or less. In this context, we report the detection of a narrow-line emitter within the extended Lyα nebula (~120 kpc diameter) of the luminous radio-quiet quasi-stellar object (QSO) LBQS 0302–0019 at z = 3.286. We identify several high-ionization narrow emission lines (He II, C IV, C III) associated with this point-like source, which we have named “Jil”, which is only ~20 kpc (2.̋9) away from the QSO in projection. Emission-line diagnostics confirm that the source is likely powered by photoionization of an obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) three orders of magnitude fainter than the QSO. The system represents the tightest unobscured/obscured dual AGN currently known at z > 3, highlighting the power of MUSE to detect these elusive systems.
New approach to decision making by multiple criteria analysis
Authors: Vanicek Tomas , Kucerova Jana
Published: January 2018

Many decision processes in technical and economical sciences require multiple criteria decision making. The most widely applied methods for multiple criteria evaluation of alternatives are based on the evaluation of alternatives in terms of an additive preference function. All of them require the estimation of weights of usually conflicting criteria. There are several methods how to find the weights of the criteria and how to find the evaluation of each solution in each criterion. The decision process based on simple weighted sum of values may not be the best approach in all situations. This paper contains a new approach of the evaluation of measured value set by different mathematical operators than the usually used multiple criteria evaluation methods. The approach was applied in a case study for multiple criteria evaluation. Generally, this new decision-support tool can help in various situations where different types of effects caused by a construction or reconstruction can occur. This is a very frequent situation in dealing with building defects, too.
Energy consumption during the building life cycle – influence of investment activities and operations
Authors: Vytlačil Dalibor
Published: January 2018

The paper describes the dynamic model of maintenance and investments of a building structure and HVAC systems. The aim of the research is finding the time dependent curve for energy consumption and also the cash flow that depends on the investments to energy saving arrangements and operations. The solution is based on the system dynamics method. The method makes possible to interconnect technical and economic parts of the problem. The main parameter in the model is the energy consumption in the building per floor square meter and year. This parameter is influenced by a deterioration of the building structure and the components of the active elements. The investments realized with the aim to decrease the energy consumption is another influence. The example of the computer simulation of the building parameters during the life cycle is presented in the paper.
Reducing failures rate within the project documentation using Building Information Modelling, especially Level of Development
Authors: Prušková Kristýna
Published: January 2018

Paper´s focus is on differences between traditional modelling in 2D software and modelling within the BIM technology. Research uncovers failures connected to the traditional way of designing and construction of project documentation. There are revealed and shown mismatches within the project documentation. Solution within the Building information modelling Technology is outlined. As a reference, there is used experience with design of specific building in both ways of construction of project documentation: in the way of traditional modelling and in the way when using BIM technology, especially using Level of Development. Output of this paper is pointing to benefits of using advanced technology in building design, thus Building Information Modelling, especially Level of Development, which leads to reducing failures rate within the project documentation.
Dependence between the width of strip overlap and the strength of joints of one-layer bitumen sheets
Authors: Petříček Tomáš , Kacálek Petr
Published: January 2018

This paper focuses on the examination of mutual dependence of overlap width of bituminous sheets and the strength characteristics of their mechanically fastened joints. Bituminous sheets with two different widths of overlap and different degree of modification were selected as samples for experimental measurements. They are supposed to be used as single-layer mechanically fastened waterproofing membranes. The aforementioned dependence has not been explicitly documented yet. The aim of this paper is to confirm or to refute a hypothesis that a relationship exists between a different width of overlap of bituminous sheets and the strength of their joints. The formulation of the results was based on the statistical evaluation of laboratory measurement data.
Shear Stress Distribution in the Opening Chords of Hybrid R/C T-Beams with Opening
Authors: Tanijaya Jonie
Published: January 2018

This study is carried out to evaluate the potential of three hybrid T-beams with web openings theoretical shear stresses distribution. The shear stresses at the opening edges were plotted at the working stage, yielding stage and collapse stage for these three tested beams. The available experimental results from the previous research was compared to the finite element results as well as the developed analytical. The shear stress distribution at the middle of the top and bottom chords of the opening in pure bending region are zero. At the upper and lower corners of the opening occurs the maximum shear stresses. The maximum shear stress occurs at the right lower corner chord at the high moment edge and at the left upper corner chord at the low moment edge in beams with openings at high shear and high flexural – shear region. Furthermore, an extensive parametric study is performed on these beams to find the distributing ratio of the shear force between the opening chords. The shear force at an opening in hybrid R/C T-beam is carried by the top and bottom chords of the opening according to the area – moment of inertia root ratio with the correction factor 0.70.
Physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of blast furnace slag on durability of concrete
Authors: Yogarajah Elakneswaran , Nawa Toyoharu , Igarashi Toshifumi
Published: January 2018

A partial replacement of Portland cement (PC) by ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is an effective method to improve the durability of concrete due to its lower diffusivity and higher chemical resistance compared to PC. Further, the microstructure of GGBFS blended cementitious materials controls the physicochemical properties and performance of the materials in concrete. Therefore, understanding of cement hydration and cementing behavior of GGBFS is essential to establish microstructure property relationship for predicting performance. In this study, hydration, microstructure development, and chloride ingress into GGBFS-blended cement have been investigated. Solid-phase assemblage and pore solution chemistry of hydrating PC and cement blended with GGBFS were predicted using thermodynamic model and compared with experimental data. A mathematical model integrating PC hydration, GGBFS reaction, thermodynamic equilibrium between hydration products and pore solution, ionic adsorption on C-S-H, multi-component diffusion, and microstructural changes was developed to predict chloride ingress into GGBFS blended cementitious materials. The simulation results on chloride profiles for hydrated slag cement paste, which was prepared with 50% of replacement of PC with GGBFS, were compared with experimental results. The model quantitively predicts the states of chloride such as free, adsorbed on C-S-H, and chemically bound as Friedel’s salt.
Application of gis on determination of flood prone areas and critical arterial road network by using chaid method in bandung area
Authors: Darwin  , Kombaitan Benecditus , Yudoko Gatot , Purboyo Heru
Published: January 2018

Floods in Bandung area often occur when the rainfall is high then the water volume exceed the capacity of Citarum watershed. Floods cause economic and social losses. The purpose of this research is to get the GIS application model in the estimation of puddle area and road network in Bandung Metropolitan Area has disturbed.Geospatial map preparation methodology used statistical data from 11041 flood points, which divided into two groups, 7729 flood points to estimate the decision tree model and 3312 flood points to validate the model. The process of making flood vulnerability maps is approached by Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) method, and validation using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) method. Validation results in the area under the curve with a value of 93.1% for success rate and 92.7% for the prediction level.Chaid result is class 0 - 0,047 covering 76,68% area; Grades of 0.047-0.307 include 5.37%; Grades 0.307 - 0.599 (Low) covering 5.36%; Grades 0.599 to 0.4444 include 5.31% and grade 0.844-1 (high) covering 7.27% of the research area. Flood-prone road network is Link from Rancaekek (Area of PT Kahatex), link from Solokan Jeruk (Cicalengka-Majalaya), Link Baleendah, and linkDayeuhkolot (M.Toha - Andir)
The Performance of Equalization Model of Water Allocation Inter Irrigation Areas in River System
Authors: Farriansyah Anang M. , Tri Juwono Pitojo , Suhartanto Ery , Dermawan Very , Alyaminy Rahimatus S. Z.
Published: January 2018

In Indonesia, water is public goods so it is necessary to control water allocation. Inequity of water allocation between water users is expanding largely, including irrigation as the largest user, while the density of headworks in the river are getting higher. Considering that water is limited, the practice of irrigation water allocation needs to be refined, from the traditional equity to volumetric equity. MEQAA (Model Equalisasi Alokasi Air/Equalization Model of Water Allocation) plays a role in determining water sharing between headworks in order to meet the maximum-equal K-factor in river. MEQAA-Generic is a calculation machine with: analog-deterministic dynamic model; network equation according to mass balance and linear optimization; independent-based system; sustainability-efficiency-equity constraints; Ms. Excel-VBA. The inputs are: scheme system, local inflow, and irrigation demand. The outputs are: K-factor, release and ecosystem quote. The model performance is identified by comparing the output to the class of K-factor based on treatment of water distribution. The model test is performed in an uncontrolled and complicated system in Kukusan Tanggek watershed with 24 headworks in Lombok river basin. As long as it is adequate for water sharing, MEQAA-G can always produce maximum-equal K-factor. The output model is used to operation control.
Kinetics of nutrient removal in an on-site domestic wastewater treatment facility
Authors: Vandith Va , Soleh Setiyawan Ahmad , Soewondo Prayatni , Bophann Pom , Hardjono
Published: January 2018

Domestic wastewater from office building has not been maintained well especially in the areas where the sewerage system is unavailable. The aims of this research were to investigate the performance and kinetics of nutrient removal in an on-site domestic wastewater treatment facility which consists of anaerobic and aerobic systems for treating wastewater from office building. The experimental data obtained from the variations of COD:N:P ratio 250:28:2.5, 350:38:2.9, 450:47:3.3, and 600:60:3.7 with three different HRT 48h, 24h, and 12h. A One-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the effects of HRT and initial concentration of TN and TP on the performance of nutrient removal. In order to obtain the kinetic coefficients, First Order, Second Order and Stover-Kincannon Models were employed. The results showed that maximum TN and TP removal efficiency were 56% and 86%, respectively. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that HRT and initial concentration of TN and TP gave the significant effects on nutrient removal (p < 0.05). Second Order and Stover-Kincannon Models were found to be more appropriate models for prediction of TN removal in this facility. Controlling HRT and C: N: P ratio may keep good performance of nutrient removal in this facility.
Bearing Capacity of very Expansive Soils at Jatinangor Area, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Simangunsong David , Wibowo Satrio , Zakaria Zufialdi
Published: January 2018

Expansive soil is a kind of soil that has ability to shrinkage and swelling. According to Ronny (2014) Jatinangor area has expansive soil that is so very influential in the planning of infrastructure construction. This research aimed to measure the bearing capacity of the very expansive soils in Jatinangor area and to determine the correlation between activity number of soil and its bearing capacity. The method used is to collect the soil physics and mechanics data. Based on the soil mechanics data, the research location is divided into three zones of allowable bearing capacity, those are zone with allowable bearing capacity < 4 T/m2, zone with allowable bearing capacity 4-7 T/m2, and zone with allowable bearing capacity > 7 T/m2. The correlation between activity number and bearing capacity of soil follows the equation qa = -1.9505(A) + 6.957 with correlation coefficient is -0.7911.