bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Recovery Protocol Reduces Transfusion Requirements and Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing an Elective Arthroplasty Procedure
Authors: de Burlet Kirsten Juliette , Widnall James , Barton Cefin , Gudimetla Veera , Duckett Stephen
Published: March 2016

Background. Enhanced recovery (ER) for elective total hip or total knee replacement has become common practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of ER on transfusion rates and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods. A comprehensive review was undertaken of all patients who underwent primary hip or knee arthroplasty surgery electively between January 2011 and December 2013 at our institution. ER was implemented in August 2012, thus creating two cohorts: the traditional protocol (TP) group and the ER group. Outcome measurements of length of stay, postoperative transfusion, thromboembolic complications, and number of readmissions were assessed. Main Findings. 1262 patients were included. The TP group contained a total of 632 patients and the ER group contained 630 patients. Postoperative transfusion rate in the ER group was reduced with 45% (P≤0.05). There was no statistical difference in postoperative VTE complications. The length of stay was reduced from 5.5 days to 4.8 days (P<0.05). Conclusions. There was no difference in the number of readmissions. ER has contributed to a significant decrease in transfusions after elective arthroplasty surgery, with no increase in the incidence of thromboembolic events. Furthermore, it has significantly reduced inpatient length of stay.
Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Colon Cancer
Authors: Hold Georgina L.
Published: March 2016

The human gut microbiota plays a major role in the development and maintenance of good health. Many recent studies have attempted to define links between microbiota residents, their function and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Gut microbiota drive the development of inflammation within the colon and such inflammation is implicated in colonic neoplastic development. Although the precise mechanisms through which the microbiota is involved in cancer development remain elusive, the message is clear: the microbiota contributes to cancer risk by influencing a number of key host processes. It is also recognized that we have the ability to influence the role of the gut microbiota by considering our nutritional intake. We have always known that ‘we are what we eat' but it is also true that ‘they (our gut microbiota) are what we eat'. We therefore have a huge opportunity to positively influence our health through microbial manipulation. There is now a clear need to move past defining the constituents of the gastrointestinal microbiota and to focus more on understanding the functional capabilities of the resident microbial community and how this impacts on host health. One such emerging concept is the development of microbial biofilms which can form in the gut in conjunction with CRC tissue. By better understanding of the interaction between the host and its resident microbiota, in the context of health and cancer development, we will open new therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities for reducing the CRC global health burden.
Targeting Senescent Cells: Possible Implications for Delaying Skin Aging: A Mini-Review
Authors: Velarde Michael C. , Demaria Marco
Published: March 2016

Senescent cells are induced by a wide variety of stimuli. They accumulate in several tissues during aging, including the skin. Senescent cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, a phenomenon called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which are thought to contribute to the functional decline of the skin as a consequence of aging. Due to the potential negative effects of the SASP in aged organisms, drugs that selectively target senescent cells represent an intriguing therapeutic strategy to delay aging and age-related diseases. Here, we review studies on the role of senescent cells in the skin, with particular emphasis on the age-related mechanisms and phenotypes associated with excessive accumulation of cellular senescence. We discuss the aberrant behavior of senescent cells in aging and how the different signaling pathways associated with survival and secretion of senescent cells can be engaged for the development of targeted therapies.
Threshold Computation to Discover Cluster Structure: A New Approach
Authors: Mulay Preeti
Published: March 2016

Cluster members are decided based on how close they are with each other. Compactness of cluster plays an important role in forming better quality clusters. ICNBCF incremental clustering algorithm computes closeness factor between every two data series. To decide members of cluster, it is necessary to know one more decisive factor to compare, threshold. Internal evaluation measure of cluster like variance and dunn index provide required decisive factor. in intial phase of ICNBCF, this decisive factor was given manually by investigative formed closeness factors. With values generated by internal evaluation measure formule, this process can be automated. This paper shows the detailed study of various evaluation measuress to work with new incremental clustreing algorithm ICNBCF.
A New Validation Approach of a New Three-Phase High Voltage Power Supply for Microwaves Generators with one Magnetron by Phase
Authors: Bassoui M. , Ferfra M. , Chraygane M.
Published: March 2016

In order to validating the new three-phase High voltage power supply for microwave generators with one magnetron by phase, this paper presents a new validation approach to evaluate the proposed model with several evaluations. This approach is based on the calculation and measurement of the performance and the power factor of this new three-phase power supply, also the study of the operation of this new system in case of failure. The design of this power supply is composed of new three-phase transformer with magnetic shunt, supplying by phase a voltage doubler cell composed of a capacitor and a diode. Each cell in turn, supplies a single magnetron. In this paper we have presented the new three-phase transformer by its equivalent model; it’s a π  quadruple  model composed  of  storable  inductances  able  to translating the nonlinear saturation phenomena for stabilization of  the  magnetron  current. The voltage and current curves obtained by simulation with MATLAB SIMULINK are in good conformity with those obtained by experimental of conventional power supply using a single phase transformer for one magnetron. The same curves will allow us to plot the instantaneous power absorbed by each magnetron. This leads to determine the average power emitted by each magnetron, and establish the balance of the power microwave generator by computing its performance which is compared to that obtained from experimental. After that we will compute the power factor of this power supply and we will study its operation in case of failure of one or two magnetrons.
Incremental Tag Suggestion for Landmark Image Collections
Authors: Chimlek Sutasinee , Piamsa-nga Punpiti
Published: March 2016

In recent social media applications, descriptive information is collected through user tagging, such as face recognition, and automatic environment sensing, such as GPS. There are many applications that recognize landmarks using information gathered from GPS data. However, GPS is dependent on the location of the camera, not the landmark. In this research, we propose an automatic landmark tagging scheme using secondary regions to distinguish between similar landmarks. We propose two algorithms: 1) landmark tagging by secondary objects and 2) automatic new landmark recognition. Images of 30 famous landmarks from various public databases were used in our experiment. Results show increments of tagged areas and the improvement of landmark tagging accuracy.
The Selection of Useful Visual Words for Class-Imbalanced Data in Image Classification
Authors: Chimlek Sutasinee , Pramokchon Part , Piamsa-nga Punpiti
Published: March 2016

The bag of visual words (BOVW) has recently been used for image classification in large datasets. A major problem of image classification using BOVW is high dimensionality, with most features usually being irrelevant and different BOVW for multi-view images in each class. Therefore, the selection of significant visual words for multi-view images in each class is an essential method to reduce the size of BOVW while retaining the high performance of image classification. Many feature scores for ranking produce low classification performance for class imbalanced distributions and multi-views in each class. We propose a feature score based on the statistical t-test technique, which is a statistical evaluation of the difference between two sample means, to assess the discriminating power of each individual feature. The multi-class image classification performance of the proposed feature score is compared with four modern feature scores, such as Document Frequency (DF), Mutual information (MI), Pointwise Mutual information (PMI) and Chi-square statistics (CHI). The results show that the average F1-measure performance on the Paris dataset and the SUN397 dataset using the proposed feature score are 92% and 94%, respectively, while all other feature scores do not exceed 80%.
Identification of Nonlinear Systems Structured by Wiener-Hammerstein Model
Authors: Brouri A , Slassi S
Published: March 2016

Wiener-Hammerstein systems consist of a series connection including a nonlinear static element sandwiched with two linear subsystems. The problem of identifying Wiener-Hammerstein models is addressed in the presence of hard nonlinearity and two linear subsystems of structure entirely unknown (asymptotically stable). Furthermore, the static nonlinearity is not required to be invertible. Given the system nonparametric nature, the identification problem is presently dealt with by developing a two-stage frequency identification method, involving simple inputs.
Modelling of E-Governance Framework for Mining Knowledge from Massive Grievance Redressal Data
Authors: G Sangeetha , Rao L. Manjunatha
Published: March 2016

With the massive proliferation of online applications for the citizens with abundant resources, there is a tremendous hike in usage of e-governance platforms. Right from entrepreneur, players, politicians, students, or anyone who are highly depending on web-based grievance redressal networking sites, which generates loads of massive grievance data that are not only challenging but also highly impossible to understand. The prime reason behind this is grievance data is massive in size and they are highly unstructured. Because of this fact, the proposed system attempts to understand the possibility of performing knowledge discovery process from grievance Data using conventional data mining algorithms. Designed in Java considering massive number of online e-governance framework from civilian’s grievance discussion forums, the proposed system evaluates the effectiveness of performing datamining for Big data.
A Daily Activity Monitoring System for Internet of Things-Assisted Living in Home Area Networks
Authors: Kim Hyun-Sik , Seo Jong-Su , Seo Jeongwook
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a daily activity monitoring system for Internet of Things (IoT)- assisted living in home area networks is proposed in order to provide care for elderly people who live alone. The proposed system consists of two main parts: an IoT-assisted living space with contactless activity sensors, a help trigger, and an emergency gateway and a daily activity monitoring server with a range of components including data collection, event and user management, activity analysis and reporting, and so on. The contactless activity sensors can be placed anywhere in the home, and the emergency gateway collects data from them, detects emergency situations reported through the help trigger, and communicates with the daily activity monitoring server. The server analyzes and reports the daily activities and activity patterns of elderly users using a predefined activity index. In addition, unexpected emergency situations can be estimated and prevented through analysis of the activity information.
A Method for Attitude Control Based on a Mathematical Model for an Inverted Pendulum-Type Mobile Robot
Authors: Yoon Jin-Ho , Chung Myung-Jin
Published: March 2016

A method for attitude control based on a mathematical model for an inverted pendulum-type mobile robot was proposed. The inverted pendulum-type mobile robot was designed and the mathematical modeling was conducted. The parameters of the mobile robot were estimated and the state-space model of mobile robot was obtained by the substitution of the estimated parameters into the mathematical model. The transfer function of the mobile robot is applied to generate the root-locus diagram used for the estimation of the gains of the PID controller. The attitude control method including a PID controller, non-linear elements, and integral saturation prevention was designed and simulated. The experiment was conducted by applying the method to the mobile robot. In the attitude control experiment, the performance of attitude recovery from ±12° tilted initial state with a settling time of 0.98s and a percent overshoot of 40.1% was obtained. Furthermore, the attitude maintaining robustness against disturbance was verified.
Big Bang-Big Crunch Algorithm for Dynamic Deployment of Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Uppal R S , Kumar Shakti
Published: March 2016

This paper proposes soft computing technique Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) to address the main issue of deployment of wireless sensor networks. Deployment is the main factor that significantly affects the performance of the wireless sensor network. This approach maximizes the coverage area of the given set of sensors. We implemented our approach in MATLAB and compared it with ABC approach and found that the proposed approach is much better than the said approach.
A Model Driven Framework for Portable Cloud Services
Authors: Vijaya Aparna , V Neelanarayanan
Published: March 2016

Cloud Computing is an evolving technology as it offers significant benefits like pay only for what you use, scale the resources according to the needs and less in-house staff and resources. These benefits have resulted in tremendous increase in the number of applications and services hosted in the cloud which inturn has resulted in increase in the number of cloud providers in the market. Cloud service providers have a lot of heterogeneity in the resources they use. They have their own servers, different cloud infrastructures, API’s and methods to access the cloud resources. Despite its benefits; lack of standards among service providers has caused a high level of vendor lock-in when a software developer tries to change its cloud provider. In this paper we give an overview on the ongoing and current trends in the area of cloud service portability and we also propose a new cloud portability platform. Our new platform is based on establishing feature models which offers the desired cloud portability. Our solution DSkyL uses feature models and domain model analysis to support development, customization and deployment of application components across multiple clouds. The main goal of our approach is to reduce the effort and time needed for porting applications across different clouds. This paper aims to give an overview on DSkyL.
Novel ROADM modelling with WSS and OBS to Improve Routing Performance in Optical Network
Authors: G.R Kavitha , T.S Indumathi
Published: March 2016

The area of optical network is on constant point of focus among the research communities owing to potential advantage of long distance communication as well as the routing issues associated with it. Majority of the implemented techniques calls for using expensive hardware or adopting narrowed technical assumptions, for which reason the routing performance couldn’t be optimized to a large extent. The present manuscript proposes a novel technique called as Optimized Routing for Peak Traffic under the scenario of uncertainties in the existing traffic scenario. The proposed solution presents some potential principle that is incorporated in the ROADM design for enhancing the capabilities of the proposed system.  The system is evaluated under multiple scenarios of analysis using blocking probabilities, OSNR, bit error rate, iteration etc. The outcome of the proposed system is compared with the one of the existing significant study to benchmark it.
Comparative Assessment on Linearity Test based V2π and Vπ/2 Voltage Variations of Closed Loop IFOG
Authors: Sireesha T. , Murthy K. Krishna
Published: March 2016

Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope (IFOG) has to operate in closed loop condition to achieve inertial grade performance. The closed loop system is mainly depends upon the amplitude of the ramp signal (V2π of IOC) and bias (square wave) signal frequency (fbias). The digital phase ramp function is given as feedback to the optical system and makes gyro to null condition. The peak-to-peak amplitude (Vπ/2) of biasing signal is one-fourth of the ramp amplitude (V2π). If there are any variations in the amplitude of the ramp and biasing signals, then it introduces variations in the gyro performance. In this paper, a comparative discussion made in the gyro parameters for three cases: (i) V2π (vary) & Vπ/2 (constant), (ii) Vπ/2 (vary) & V2π (constant) and (iii) both V2π and Vπ/2 are varying simultaneously. The effects on gyroscope are described with the derived values in terms of linearity. From the experimental results, it was observed that the gyro output is very sensitive with respect to V2π variations and obtained the percentage error of 10% in gyro output, but very less effect due to Vπ/2 variations. So, the proper resetting of ramp voltage (V2π) is required to avoid nonlinearities and instabilities in gyro output.
A Preliminary Performance Evaluation of K-means, KNN and EM Unsupervised Machine Learning Methods for Network Flow Classification
Authors: Alalousi Alhamza , Razif Rozmie , AbuAlhaj Mosleh , Anbar Mohammed , Nizam Shahrul
Published: March 2016

Unsupervised leaning is a popular method for classify unlabeled dataset i.e. without prior knowledge about data class. Many of unsupervised learning are used to inspect and classify network flow. This paper presents in-deep study for three unsupervised classifiers, namely: K-means, K-nearest neighbor and Expectation maximization. The methodologies and how it’s employed to classify network flow are elaborated in details. The three classifiers are evaluated using three significant metrics, which are classification accuracy, classification speed and memory consuming. The K-nearest neighbor introduce better results for accuracy and memory; while K-means announce lowest processing time.
High Performance Vector Control of 3-Phase IM Drives under Open-Phase Fault Based on EKF for Rotor Flux Estimation
Authors: Jannati Mohammad , Sutikno Tole , Nik Idris Nik Rumzi , Abdul Aziz Mohd Junaidi
Published: March 2016

This paper proposes a novel flux observer based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for high performance vector control of 3-phase Induction Motor (IM) drives under stator winding open-phase fault. The presented flux estimation combines the Indirect Rotor Field-Oriented Control (IRFOC) method. The rotor flux is obtained from two modified EKF with two different stator currents (forward and backward stator currents). The proposed technique can significantly reduce the DC-offset problem on the pure integrator associated with the basic IRFOC method. The Matlab simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed strategy.
Implementation of High Security Cryptographic System with Improved Error Correction and Detection Rate using FPGA
Authors: Babu T Narendra , Noorbasha Fazal , Chowdary Gunnam Leenendra
Published: March 2016

In this article, an encryption algorithm with an error detection technique is presented for highly secured reliable data transmission over unreliable communication channels. In this algorithm, an input data is mapped into orthogonal code first. After that the code is encrypted with the help of Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR). The technique has been successfully verified and synthesized using Xilinx by Spartan-3E FPGA. The results show that the error detection rate has been increased to 100% by proposed encryption scheme is effective and improves bandwidth efficiency.
An Extender Kalman Filter-based Induction Machines Faults Detection
Authors: Chahmi Abdelghani , Bendjebbar Mokhtar , Raison Bertrand , Benbouzid Mohamed
Published: March 2016

This paper deals with the detection and localization of electrical drives faults, especially those containing induction machines. First, the context of the study is presented and an Extended Kalman Filter is described for induction machines fault detection. Then the modeling procedure under faulty conditions is shown, and the machine diagnosis methods are developed. The proposed diagnosis approach requires only little experimental data, and more importantly it provides efficient simulation tools that allow characterizing faulty behavior.Fault detection uses signal processing techniques in known operating phases (fixed speed), considering and locating malfunctions.
Integration of Frequency Dependent Soil Electrical Properties in Grounding Electrode Circuit Model
Authors: Mokhtari Mehrdad , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain , Wooi Chin Leong
Published: March 2016

The effect of frequency dependent soil properties on the impedance and transient response of the grounding electrode was investigated. The frequency dependent soil models as proposed by Scott, Smith-Longmire, and Visacro-Alipio were critically reviewed. A novel method was proposed to integrate the frequency dependent soil electrical properties in the circuit model of grounding electrode. To validate the application of the method in circuit model, the voltage responses of the grounding electrode obtained by the circuit and electromagnetic models were compared. The voltage responses obtained by the circuit and electromagnetic models were in excellent agreement in terms of voltage peaks and wave shapes. The differences between voltage peaks obtained by the circuit and electromagnetic models were found less than 1%.
Exascale Message Passing Interface based Program Deadlock Detection
Authors: AlDhubhani Raed , Eassa Fathy , Saeed Faisal
Published: March 2016

Deadlock detection is one of the main issues of software testing in High Performance Computing (HPC) and also inexascale computing areas in the near future. Developing and testing programs for machines which have millions of cores is not an easy task. HPC program consists of thousands (or millions) of parallel processes which need to communicate with each other in the runtime. Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a standard library which provides this communication capability and it is frequently used in the HPC. Exascale programs are expected to be developed using MPI standard library. For parallel programs, deadlock is one of the expected problems. In this paper, we discuss the deadlock detection for exascale MPI-based programs where the scalability and efficiency are critical issues. The proposed method detects and flags the processes and communication operations which are potential to cause deadlocks in a scalable and efficient manner. MPI benchmark programs were used to test the proposed method.
Human Detection Framework for Automated Surveillance Systems
Authors: A.K. Noaman Redwan , Mohd Ali Mohd Alauddin , Zainal Nasharuddin , Saeed Faisal
Published: March 2016

Vision-based systems for surveillance applications have been used widely and gained more research attention. Detecting people in an image stream is challenging because of their intra-class variability, the diversity of the backgrounds, and the conditions under which the images were acquired. Existing human detection solutions suffer in their effectiveness and efficiency. In particular, the accuracy of the existing detectors is characterized by their high false positive and negative. In addition, existing detectors are slow for online surveillance systems which lead to large delay that is not suitable for surveillance systems for real-time monitoring. In this paper, a holistic framework is proposed for enhancing the performance of human detection in surveillance system. In general, the framework includes the following stages: environment modeling, motion object detection, and human object recognition. In environment modeling, modal algorithm has been suggested for background initialization and extraction. Then for effectively classifying the motion object, edge detecting and B-spline algorithm have been used for shadow detection and removal. Then, enhanced Lucas–Kanade optical flow has been used to get the area of interest for object segmentation. Finally, to enhance the segmentation, some morphological processes were performed. In the motion object recognition stage, segmentation for each blob is performed and processed to the human detector which is a complete learning-based system for detecting and localizing objects/humans in images using mixtures of deformable part models (PFF detector). Results show enhancement in each phase of the proposed framework. These enhancements are shown in the overall performance of human detection in surveillance system.
Robust Backstepping Tracking Control of Mobile Robot Based on Nonlinear Disturbance Observer
Authors: Moqbel Obaid Mahmood Ali , Husain Abdul Rashid , Mohammed Al-kubati Ali Abdo
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a robust backstepping control (BC) method based on nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) for trajectory tracking of the nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot (WMR) in the presence of external disturbances and parameters uncertainties. At first, a bounded Fuzzy logic based backstepping controller (BFLBC) is designed to control the WMR without considering the effects of the external disturbances and the parameters uncertainties. Typically, the conventional BC controller depends upon the state tracking errors analysis, where unbounded velocity signal is produced for the applications that have huge tracking errors. Therefore, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is introduced in this research in order to normalize the state tracking errors, so that the input errors to the BC are bounded to a finite interval. Finally, the designed BFLBC is integrated with the nonlinear disturbance observer in order to attenuate the external disturbances and model uncertainties. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller to generate a bounded velocity signal as well as to stabilize the tracking errors to zero. In addition, the results prove that the proposed controller provide an excellent disturbance attenuation as well as robustness against the parameters uncertainties.
Experimental Investigations of the Self-Controlled Synchronous Motor Connected to a Three-Phase Line Commutated SCR Inverter
Authors: Chakraborty Tapan Kumar
Published: March 2016

This paper concerns the experimental investigations of the three-phase line commutated SCR inverter fed synchronous motor.  The fabricated system consists of a line-commuted inverter, a three-phase synchronous motor with the excitation winding connected in series to the inverter input, a terminal voltage sensor and a gate-pulse generating circuit. The firing pulses for SCRs of the inverter are generated by the microprocessor in proper sequence with the help of synchronizing signal derived from the terminal voltages of the synchronous machine. The steady state performance characteristics are obtained experimentally using the fabricated system. The experimental results show that a three-phase synchronous motor supplied by a line commutated inverter with the excitation winding connected in series to the dc link provide  excellent characteristics of the conventional dc series motor.

 
Performance Analysis of Direct Torque Controlled BLDC motor using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Geetha V. , Thangavel S.
Published: March 2016

The Brushless DC motor (BLDC) control is used in many of the applications as it is small in size and with low power which can drive in high speed and lighter compared to other motors.The electric vehicles are built with BLDC motors and also in ships, aerospace etc., The control of BLDC motors is done with sensors like hall effect sensor for sensing the positions. The speed control can be done with normal PI and PID controllers. Direct torque control (DTC) of the BLDC motor is important in many applications. In this paper BLDC motor is controlled with DTC using PI, PID and Fuzzy logic control. The comparison of the performance of the motor is analyzed with the Matlab simulation software.
Advanced Optimal PSO, Fuzzy and PI Controller with PMSM and WTGS at 5Hz Side of Generation and 50Hz Side of Grid
Authors: Shneen Salam Waley , Mao Chengxiong , Wang Dan
Published: March 2016

To use different control systems, Like Classical PI Controller, Expert System, Fuzzy Logic Controller and Optimization PSO Controller. It used to control for PMSM which worked in integration system to Wind Energy. Wind Energy content of wind turbine, PMSM, Rectifier, DC bus, Inverter, Filter, Load and Grid. In the first step, to run the PMSM with different speeds to get different frequency to selected the frequency in side of generation with the rated speed. Second step, solve the mathematical equation to use different values of wind speed with selected (15,20 m/s and less than with more than 15&20m/s). Third step, Calculation the power generation with wind speed (15 m/5 & 20 m/s). Fourth step, using these component system Rectifier, DC bus, Inverter, Filter, Load & Grid with WTGS & PMSM. Final step, use different control systems, Like Classical PI Controller, Expert System Fuzzy Logic Controller and Optimization PSO Controller With PMSM to analysis all results after using the simulation model of proposed variable speed based WECS. The wind turbine coupled with PMSM.A closed loop control system with a PI control,Fuzzy, PSO in the speed loop with current controllers .The simulation circuits for PMSM, inverter, speed and current controllers include all realistic components of the drive system. These results also confirmed that the transient torque and current never exceed the maximum permissible value.
Critical Condition of Sensorless Induction Generator Using Flux Weakening in Wind Turbine Application
Authors: Wicaksono Nanda Avianto , Halim Abdul , Subiantoro Aries , Yusivar Feri
Published: March 2016

This paper was intended to examine thoroughly a critical condition of the sensorless induction generator using flux weakening in wind turbine application. The critical condition would happen when the rotor speed reached the critical rotor speed reference. The critical rotor speed reference was the highest of the rotor speed reference that still caused the stable response. It was obtained by increasing the rotor speed reference until the system response became unstable. In the low speed range of wind showed that there was no unstable condition whatever a rotor speed reference was set. On the other hand, there was a critical rotor speed reference in the medium and high speed range of wind. The unstable condition was caused by the induction generator that received a power higher than its capacity, so its rotor speed couldn't be maintained at reference value. The first solution was suggested that the stable condition would be made by setting the rotor speed reference at the minimum critical reference. The second solution was suggested that the controlling rotor speed in triangle area between the critical condition and the operation that used the minimum critical reference for the rotor speed reference. In the triangle area, the rotor speed was controlled by setting the tip speed ratio.
Augmented Diffuser for Horizontal Axis Marine Current Turbine
Authors: Elbatran Aly Hassan , Yaakob Omar , Ahmed Yasser , Abdallah Firdaus
Published: March 2016

The potential of renewable energy sources is enormous as they can make a major contribution to the future of energy needs. The ocean has a great potential to become a practical and predictable energy source compared to other energy resources such as solar, wind, and nuclear. It offers different sources of energy which can be utilized namely wave, tidal, offshore wind, thermal, and tidal current. Among these sources, marine tidal current has major advantages such as higher power availability and predictability. The main objective of this research work is to design and develop a horizontal axis marine current turbine (HAMCT) that suitable for operating within Malaysian ocean, which has low speed current (0.5 – 1 m/s average). A prototype of augmented diffuser 4-bladed HAMCT applying NACA 0014 was proposed in the current study. The turbine model has 0.666 m diameter, and it was designed to produce as much as power from flowing water current. Model was constructed and tested at Marine Technology Center (MTC) in three conditions, namely, free tow testing, ducted tow testing, and ducted diffuser tow testing in order to predict the power and efficiency of the turbine system. The results showed that the application of duct was significant to concentrate the flow and diffuser arrangement was effective when it was placed behind of the rotor in this condition of low water current speed. The maximum efficiency Cp obtained in the current system was 0.58.
Constant Frequency Torque Controller for DTC with Multilevel Inverter of Induction Machines
Authors: Mohamad Nordin Norjulia , Ahmad Azli Naziha , Nik Idris Nik Rumzi , Ramlan Nur Huda , Sutikno Tole
Published: March 2016

Direct Torque Control using multilevel inverter (DTC-MLI) with hysteresis controller suffers from high torque and flux ripple and variable switching frequency. In this paper, a constant frequency torque controller is proposed to enhance the DTC-MLI performance. The operational concepts of the constant switching frequency torque controller of a DTC-MLI system followed by the simulation results and analysis are presented. The proposed system significantly improves the DTC drive in terms of dynamic performance, smaller torque and flux ripple, and retain a constant switching frequency.
Performance and High Robustness DPC for PWM Rectifier under Unstable Direct Voltage Bus
Authors: Djebbar M.S. , Benalla H.
Published: March 2016

This paper proposes a strategy de controlling a static AC/DC converter based on direct power control (DPC). The instantaneous active and reactive power   is controlled in such a way to ensure the PWM rectifier with a sinusoidal current absorption. This control has proven effective in terms of reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) of current absorbed. Offers a good control of active and reactive power with an operation   at unitary power factor. The test of robustness carried out and the results have proven DPC good performance with strong possibility of  de integrate it into the field of high voltage and high power as electric traction.
Power Quality Analysis of Vienna Rectifier for BLDC Motor Drive Application
Authors: Srinivasan K. , Vijayan S. , Paramasivam S. , Sundaramoorthi K.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the power quality improvements for a BLDC driver using Vienna rectifier as front end converter. The major drawbacks in the BLDC motor drive and non linear load applications are the line pollution and depreciation of the power factor. The conventional power factor correction method is not economical and efficient. It requires bulky components as load changes and produce high THD and less Power factor. The front end converter of BLDC bridge inverter drive is proposed by the Vienna rectifier, which can contribute more significantly in improving the power factor and reduce the line pollution. The Vienna rectifier topology is controlled by the constant switching frequency control technique for wide range of load variation and it reduces the THD, improve the power factor and provide a steady DC link voltage to the bridge inverter to drive the BLDC motor. The design calculation and performance characteristics of BLDC motor and Vienna rectifier are verified by using Matlab simulation.
Governing the Depths: Conceptualizing the Politics of Deep Sea Resources
Authors: Moore Scott , Squires Dale
Published: March 2016

The deep sea, defined as those parts of the ocean below 200 meters, is increasingly the site of intensive resource exploitation for fish, minerals, and other uses, yet little thought has been given to effective governance by either scholars or policy-makers. This article provides an overview of existing deep-sea governance arrangements, as well as a description of the barriers to developing a more effective institutional framework, with particular focus on the unique status of the deep sea as part of the common heritage of mankind, the logistical challenges inherent in monitoring resource exploitation in the deep sea, and the lack of available scientific data. We call for greater engagement by political scientists and environmental studies scholars in addressing these challenges and protecting one of Earth’s last true frontiers.
Accountability and Representation: Nonstate Actors in UN Climate Diplomacy
Authors: Kuyper Jonathan W. , Bäckstrand Karin
Published: March 2016

Observer organizations in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are clustered into nine constituency groups. Each constituency has a “focal point” (representative) to mediate between the Secretariat and the 1800 NGOs admitted during each Conference of the Parties meeting by collating information, coordinating interactions, offering logistical support, and providing collective representation. Drawing upon a series of interviews with constituency groups and other qualitative data, we explore how the focal point of each constituency group remains accountable to the observer organizations he or she represents. We make two major contributions. First, we map the accountability mechanisms that exist between the observer organizations and focal points in each constituency. Second, we argue that variation in the usage of accountability mechanisms across constituencies corresponds to the existence of parallel bodies operating outside the UNFCCC. This article speaks to broader issues of accountability and representation in global climate governance.
Enhancing the Safe and Effective Management of Chronic Pain in Accountable Care Organization Primary Care Practices in Kentucky
Authors: Wubu Selam , Hall Laura Lee , Straub Paula , Bair Matthew J. , Marsteller Jill A. , Hsu Yea-Jen , Schneider Doron , Hood Gregory A.
Published: March 2016

Chronic pain is a prevalent chronic condition with significant burden and economic impact in the United States. Chronic pain is particularly abundant in primary care, with an estimated 52% of chronic pain patients obtaining care from primary care physicians (PCPs). However, PCPs often lack adequate training and have limited time and resources to effectively manage chronic pain. Chronic pain management is complex in nature because of high co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders and other medical comorbidities in patients. This article describes a quality improvement initiative conducted by the American College of Physicians (ACP), in collaboration with the Kentucky ACP Chapter, and the Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, to enhance chronic pain management in 8 primary care practices participating in Accountable Care Organizations in Kentucky, with a goal of enhancing the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with chronic pain.
Genetic basis of PD-L1 overexpression in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Georgiou Konstantinos , Chen Longyun , Berglund Mattias , Ren Weicheng , de Miranda Noel F. C. C. , Lisboa Susana , Fangazio Marco , Zhu Shida , Hou Yong , Wu Kui , Fang Wenfeng , Wang Xianhuo , Meng Bin , Zhang Li , Zeng Yixin , Bhagat Govind , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Sundström Christer , Enblad Gunilla , Dalla-Favera Riccardo , Zhang Huilai , Teixeira Manuel R. , Pasqualucci Laura , Peng Roujun , Pan-Hammarström Qiang
Published: March 2016

Key Points

Translocations between PD-L1 and the IGH locus represent a genetic mechanism of PD-L1 overexpression in DLBCL. Genetic alterations in the PD-L1/PDL-2 locus are mainly associated with the non-GCB subtype of DLBCL.
Do little interactions get lost in dark random forests?
Authors: Wright Marvin N. , Ziegler Andreas , König Inke R.
Published: March 2016

Background

Random forests have often been claimed to uncover interaction effects. However, if and how interaction effects can be differentiated from marginal effects remains unclear. In extensive simulation studies, we investigate whether random forest variable importance measures capture or detect gene-gene interactions. With capturing interactions, we define the ability to identify a variable that acts through an interaction with another one, while detection is the ability to identify an interaction effect as such.

Results

Of the single importance measures, the Gini importance captured interaction effects in most of the simulated scenarios, however, they were masked by marginal effects in other variables. With the permutation importance, the proportion of captured interactions was lower in all cases. Pairwise importance measures performed about equal, with a slight advantage for the joint variable importance method. However, the overall fraction of detected interactions was low. In almost all scenarios the detection fraction in a model with only marginal effects was larger than in a model with an interaction effect only.

Conclusions

Random forests are generally capable of capturing gene-gene interactions, but current variable importance measures are unable to detect them as interactions. In most of the cases, interactions are masked by marginal effects and interactions cannot be differentiated from marginal effects. Consequently, caution is warranted when claiming that random forests uncover interactions.
President's Page
Authors: Small Alison
Published: March 2016

What is SEG, and what are the real benefits of SEG membership? These are the questions that your elected Board, volunteer leadership, and staff have been asking as we seek to provide current and future members what they value with increasingly limited resources.
State of the Net
Authors: Farley Isaac
Published: March 2016

A few months ago during a monthly publications department meeting, Adrienne White, digital publications editor, suggested that the publications team revisit the frequently asked questions (FAQs) we were providing users on the SEG Web site. So, we did. All 15 members of SEG publications, and our colleagues in other departments, submitted the questions most frequently asked of them. We took that initial list of questions, narrowed our focus, and connected to craft comprehensive answers. What we have now is a refined list of frequently asked questions on everything from the TLE app to the online SEG Book Mart to submitting your own work. If you believe we have missed a question or answer, feel free to contact me directly.
The microenvironment controls invadosome plasticity
Authors: Di Martino Julie , Henriet Elodie , Ezzoukhry Zakaria , Goetz Jacky G. , Moreau Violaine , Saltel Frederic
Published: March 2016

Invadosomes are actin-based structures involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Invadosomes is a term that includes podosomes and invadopodia, which decorate normal and tumour cells, respectively. They are mainly organised into dots or rosettes, and podosomes and invadopodia are often compared and contrasted. Various internal or external stimuli have been shown to induce their formation and/or activity. In this Commentary, we address the impact of the microenvironment and the role of matrix receptors on the formation, and dynamic and degradative activities of invadosomes. In particular, we highlight recent findings regarding the role of type I collagen fibrils in inducing the formation of a new linear organisation of invadosomes. We will also discuss invadosome plasticity more generally and emphasise its physio-pathological relevance.
Excessive Financing Costs in a Representative Agent Framework
Authors: Eden Maya
Published: March 2016

This paper highlights a pecuniary externality that results in excessive financing costs. Firms borrow to finance purchases of an inelastically supplied input, bidding up its price. Since higher input prices necessitate more debt obligations, this leads to an increase in intermediation costs. A quantitative interpretation of the model suggests that it is optimal to tax financial intermediation by increasing the borrowing rate by 3 percentage points. (JEL E13, E44, G21, G32, H21, H25)
A Road Map for Efficiently Taxing Heterogeneous Agents
Authors: Karabarbounis Marios
Published: March 2016

This paper characterizes optimal labor income taxes that depend on age, household assets, and filing status (one or two earners) within a life-cycle model with heterogeneous, two-member households. The key innovation is a labor supply elasticity that varies endogenously among households. I find that tax distortions should be hump shaped in age, decrease in household assets, and be lower for joint relative to single filers. Age and assets act as complements within the optimal tax policy. Overall, a tax system using all three tags can increase consumption up to 6.4 percent and welfare up to 1.5 percent. (JEL D14, D91, H21, H24, J22, J31)
GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS: STRATEGIES OF INTERACTION
Authors: Зеленцов  , Zelentsov Aleksey
Published: March 2016

In the article some strategies are analyzed that use the authority and business in relations between them, based on the study in the Orenburg region among entrepreneurs, state and municipal employees. The general conclusion of the article is that government and business use different, often overlapping strategies in the system of relations with each other. In particular, it is established that the joint implementation of projects of government and business stimulates an increase in the density of their contacts and building strategies, where they stand as the closest stakeholders to each other. It is found that the interaction between business and government in many aspects depends on the stage of development at which the enterprise is located, and largely determines the approaches to the relationship, the main ones are: anticipation, adaptation, protection and response.
Development Trends Identification of Tax Management of Business Activities of Private Individuals
Authors: Полякова  , Polyakova V.
Published: March 2016

The article analyzes the current state of tax control in relation to individual entrepreneurs, as well as directions

of improvement of specific areas of their functioning and existence of a substantial informal sector self-employment.
Private Wealth management: Current Trends
Authors: Саркисянц  , Sarkisyants A.
Published: March 2016

The article discusses in detail some aspects of private banking or private banking of most wealthy clients with

capital in the tens of millions of dollars, types of wealth management and their regional characteristics.
Research Roundup
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: March 2016

Helen Cowan presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to take a look at the research in further detail
Examining the rivaroxaban trial: how safe is it really?
Authors: Sneath Ben
Published: March 2016

Rivaroxaban has been somewhat of a buzzword, particularly since it has received approvals from European regulators. However, investigations into the ROCKET-AF trial, used to gain these approvals both in the USA and Europe, have raised questions about its safety. Ben Sneath examines the drug and the debate that currently surrounds its use
Screening for sedentary behaviour in cardiac rehab
Authors: Rogerson Michelle C , Le Grande Michael R , Murphy Barbara M , Neubeck Lis , Jackson Alun C
Published: March 2016

Sedentary behaviour is on the rise, particularly among people with cardiovascular disease. Here, Michelle Rogerson and colleagues examine the risks of this behaviour, the presence and absence of guidelines, and incorporation of screening during cardiac rehabiliation