bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Experimental Toxoplasmosis and Its Impact On Embryonic Development
Authors:   Vitebsk State Medical University. 27, Frunze Pr., Vitebsk 210009, Belarus, Kosova M. S.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to study the effect of chronic toxoplasmosis on changes in the levels of pre- and post-implantation mortality in the experiment. Materials and methods. In the experiment there were 90 female Wistar rats with a body weight of 180-200 g. For the development of pregnancy, females of the control and experimental groups were coupled with males for 3 days. After the onset of pregnancy, females of intact controls were orally injected with 2 ml of 0.2 % starch gel. The females of the experimental groups were infected with an invasive culture of Toxoplasma gondii at a dose of 25 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight (5,000 tachyzoites per rat) and 50 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight (10,000 tachyzoites per rat). On the 35th day after infection, females of the experimental groups were coupled with males for 3 days before infection. The effect of Toxoplasma on changes in the levels of pre- and post-implantation death was assessed after killing female rats on the 42nd, 49th and 56th (7th, 14th and 21st days after pregnancy) days after infection. Results and discussion. In animals infected at a dose of 25 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight, there is a decrease in the number of implantation sites in the uterus, the total number of embryos and the number of living embryos at all stages of the development of Toxoplasma by 1.8-2.1 times compared with the control. In females infected at a dose of 50 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight, a decrease in the number of implantation sites in the uterus and the total number of embryos at all stages of the development of the parasite was recorded by 2.2-2.5 times compared with the control values. There is a decrease in the number of living embryos by the 42nd day after infection by 4.3 times, by the 49th day – by 3.8 times and by the 56th day – by 5.1 times compared to the control. When compared with the results obtained from females with a lower dose of infection, a decrease in this indicator was revealed on the 42nd day after the development of Toxoplasma by 2.1 times, on the 49th day – by 1.7 times and on the 56th day – by 2.5 times. An increase in the number of dead embryos by 0.2-0.4 times in comparison with intact indicators and the results of experimental animals infected at a dose of 5,000 tachyzoites per rat were recorded. There was an increase in the level of resorptions on the 49th and 56th days by 1.4 and 1.6 times in comparison with the control and animals infected at a dose of 25 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight. Conclusion. Experimental chronic toxoplasmosis causes an increase in pre-implantation and post-implantation embryo death. The recorded effect of Toxoplasma invasion depends on the dose of infection and the duration of the disease
Anatomical Variability of System of Popliteal Artery Branches in the Human Fetus of 4-6 Months
Authors:   Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine Bukovinian State Medical University. 2, Theatralna Sq., Chernivtsi 58002, Ukraine, Khmara T. V. , Komar T. V.
Published: June 2021

The study of topographical variations of the branches of the popliteal artery in human fetuses from a macroscopic point of view in modern anatomy is considered relevant and promising. The need to study the anatomy of the terminal branches of the popliteal artery in fetuses of different ages is due to the rapid development of fetal surgery and the improvement in the performance of surgical procedures on the structures of the knee and lower leg areas, since the establishment of the anatomical variability of the vessels of the lower extremities allows choosing the optimal tactics of surgical intervention. In the literature, there are fragmentary data on the fetal topography of the popliteal artery and its branches. The purpose of the study. The study aimed to establish the topographic and anatomical features of the branches of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries in human fetuses of 4-6 months. Material and methods. The study of the fetal anatomy of the popliteal artery was carried out on 34 preparations of human fetuses (81.0-230.0 mm parietococcygeal length) using the methods of anatomical preparation, vascular injection, and morphometry. Results and discussion. In 21 examined fetuses, the classic variant of the branching of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries was observed both on the right and on the left extremity. In other fetuses, atypical variants of the origin and topography of the branches of the popliteal artery were found. The most interesting, from our point of view, was the anatomical variants of the terminal branches of the popliteal artery in fetuses of 160.0, 180.0, and 195.0 mm parietococcygeal length. A high variant of the branch of the peroneal artery from the popliteal artery; a rare variant of doubling the peroneal artery is trifurcation of the popliteal artery into the anterior and posterior tibial and peroneal arteries, doubling of the branches of the tibioperoneal trunk, as well as the formation of anastomoses between them were revealed. Among the most frequent atypical variants of the onset of the peroneal artery in the studied human fetuses was its branch from the tibioperoneal trunk. Conclusion. To obtain a clear idea of the spatial orientation of the peroneal artery in human fetuses, fetal surgeons should distinguish three segments in the peroneal artery trunk: segment I of the peroneal artery (it is proximal part) is the passage of the peroneal artery trunk in the ankle-popliteal canal; segment ІІ (middle part) corresponds to the topography of the peroneal artery in the inferior muscular-peroneal canal; the third segment of the peroneal artery (distal part) is a segment of its trunk from the point of exit from the inferior muscular-peroneal canal to the level of its division into terminal branches
Urolithiasis as a Result of Secondary Hyperuricemia in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Affection
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University. 4, Nauky Avenue, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine, Kolupayev S. M. , Andonieva N. M. , Dubovik M. Ya. , Huts E. A.
Published: June 2021

Urolithiasis is currently one of the most pressing problems of modern urology and medicine in general. The pathogenesis of urolithiasis is multifactorial and caused by various metabolic disorders, in particular carbohydrate, the main manifestation of which is diabetes mellitus. In connection with the above, a comparative approach to the study of metabolic disorders in patients with diabetic kidney damage, in particular hyperuricemia, is relevant in order to identify possible causes of lithogenesis. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of secondary hyperuricemia on the formation of urinary stones in patients with diabetic kidney damage, compared with non-diabetic nephropathies. Materials and methods. The study included 59 patients with chronic kidney disease, including 27 with diabetic nephropathy and 32 with non-diabetic nephropathy. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory study, which included glycosylated hemoglobin, glycemic profile, lipid complex, C-reactive protein, serum creatinine, urea, electrolytes, uric acid, uric acid clearance, glomerular filtration rate, and ultrasound examination of the urinary system. Results and discussion. Urolithiasis was detected in 70.3 % patients with diabetic kidney disease and in 29.6% patients with non-diabetic pathology. The stones had a renal localization: pelvic stones occurred in 38.9% patients, stones in calyces – in 61.1% patients. When assessing the biochemical parameters, the average level of uric acid in the blood serum of patients with diabetes mellitus significantly exceeded the same indicator in the group of patients with non-diabetic pathology. Also, the level of hyperuricemia was higher in diabetic patients with a glycosylated hemoglobin content of more than 8.5%, compared with patients with an HbA1 concentration of less than 7.5%. In patients of both groups compared with serum uric acid concentrations exceeding the level of 498.5 mmol/l in men and 384.2 mmol/L in women, there was a progression of arterial hypertension. In patients with diabetic nephropathy, there was a significant increase in the level of cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, which provided an increase in the value of the atherogenicity index to 5.7±1.2. Conclusion. In patients with diabetic kidney damage, there are prerequisites for the development of urolithiasis, due to the development of a number of metabolic disorders that affect kidney function and the composition of urine. The key links in the pathogenesis of more frequent development of urolithiasis in this category of patients are secondary hyperuricemia, as well as disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the form of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
Sensitivity to Antibiotics of Staphylococcus Aureus Strains, Able to Biofilm Formation
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. 35, D. Yavornitskii Ave., Dnipro 49044, Ukraine, Vashchenko A. O. , Voronkova Yu. S. , Vinnikov A. I. , Shevchenko T. N. , Voronkova O. S.
Published: June 2021

The problem of respiratory diseases associated with staphylococcal carriers is considered to be one of the most acute in modern society due to its high prevalence and problems with treatment due to the high resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics. The purpose of the study was to determine the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus strains, able to form biofilm, isolated from the upper respiratory tract of human. Materials and methods. Bacteriological methods of isolation and identification of staphylococci, the method of rapid determination of the ability to form biofilm on a tablet and the disk-diffusion method of determining the susceptibility to antibiotics were used to perform the research. As a result of the conducted researches it was established that in the structure of pathogens of exacerbations of seasonal rhinitis S. aureus prevailed. It was isolated from 34 samples of biological material from the nose, which accounted for 69.4% of all examined cases of rhinitis. Staphylococcus spp. (6.1%) and Streptococcus spp. (24.5%) among the isolated strains of S. aureus, 27 (79.4%) had the ability to form a biofilm. A feature associated with antibiotic resistance is the ability of strains of microorganisms to form a biofilm, in which they acquire enhanced ability to survive under adverse environmental factors, including the use of drugs. Results and discussion. In our research we showed that more than 80% of film-forming strains were found to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid and azithromycin. 4 (14.8%) are methicillin-resistant. Resistance to methicillin was detected simultaneously with resistance to ciprofloxacin (3 cases) and to azithromycin (2 cases), 1 strain was resistant to gentamicin and 2 – to tetracycline. 1 of the methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus was multidrug-resistant (showed resistance to all studied antibiotics). Among non-biofilm strains, more than 80% of the strains were also sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid and azithromycin. Sensitivity to tetracycline was low in both groups (42-63% sensitive). Conclusion. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among clinical strains of opportunistic bacteria, unfortunately, shows an increasing trend. This requires constant monitoring of susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs in order to develop schemes of rational antibiotic therapy, taking into account the individualized approach to patients. In this sense, it is promising when studying the biological properties of clinical isolates to determine not only the resistance to antibiotics, but also their ability to form a biofilm
Childhood Disability Issues Based on Mandatory Clinical Examinations in Azerbaijan in 2014-2019
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors named after A. Aliyev. 3165, Tbilisi Ave., Baku AZ1012, Azerbaijan, Mustafayeva Zakiyya Muslim
Published: June 2021

According to the World Health Organization, the number of children with physical and mental disabilities accounts for about 3% of the total number of children, as there are about 200 million children with disabilities worldwide. The purpose of the study was to present an analysis of childhood disability in Azerbaijan based on official statistics of mandatory medical examinations conducted in 2014-2019, with calculated prevalence, dynamics, and structure of general and primary disability by age groups. Materials and methods. The study showed that between 2014 and 2019, the number of children with disabilities in Azerbaijan increased by 14% (10,119 people). As for the total structure of the child population, the number of children with disabilities fluctuates between 2.4 and 2.7%. The child disability prevalence rate increased from 246.7 per 10,000 children of the said age in 2014 to 278.3 in 2019. Results. Analysis by age groups shows that the proportion of 0-13-year-olds and 14-17-year-olds in 2014 through 2019 remains unchanged, namely 86% and 14%, respectively. Among children with disabilities, the number of boys (52-54%) exceeds that of girls (46-48%). The age structure of primary childhood disability is dominated by children aged 8-13 years (32%). The decrease of primary disability rates for the period under study occurs throughout all age groups except for the age group of 8-13 years old. The number of children with disabilities aged 0-3 years decreased by 22.7%, 4-7 years by 30%, and 14-17 years by 17.8% during 2014-2019 period. The analysis of primary disability dynamics shows 22% decrease in the total number of children with disabilities registered with medical and social expert assessment institutions for the first time; the largest drop occurred in the categories of circulatory diseases (7-fold), tuberculosis, and respiratory diseases (3-fold). During the research period, an increase of primary disability occurred in diseases of the endocrine system (by 21%), congenital anomalies (malformations) (by 28%), psychiatric/behavioral disorders (by 41%), and diseases of the ear and its appendages (by 34%). Conclusion. The structure of primary morbidity categories causing primary disability in children is dominated by the following major groups of diseases: disorders of the nervous system (G00-G99) accounting for between 9% and 18% in 2014-2019; congenital anomalies (malformations), deformations, and chromosomal disorders (Q00-Q99) accounting for 11-17%, and psychiatric/behavioral disorders (F00-F99) that accounted for 11-18% of the total number of children with disabilities registered with medical and social expert assessment institutions for the first time
Adolescent Drug Addiction in Ukraine: Social and Psychological Aspects
Authors:   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. 56, Pirogov St., Vinnytsya 21018, Ukraine, Podolian V. M.
Published: June 2021

Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine is a serious problem that requires proper attention and evaluation from modern society. Timely public reaction to this issue determines the methods of its solution and ways to prevent adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine in the future. The urgency of the subject matter is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents and the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Prospects for research in this area are determined by the need to identify the main social and psychological aspects that motivate modern Ukrainian adolescents to use drugs. This will allow to redirect the situation and create conditions to prevent a situation in society where drug use by Ukrainian adolescents would be possible. The purpose of the study is to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. Materials and methods. The main research method is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that push young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life. Authors consider issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families where adolescents begin to use drugs. The study covers the types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescents start using drugs. Conclusion. The main social and psychological factors that push modern young people to take drugs are identified. In the course of this study, conclusions were drawn about the significant role of existing problems in modern Ukrainian families, where children begin to use drugs early. Preventive conversations in schools, other educational institutions and at home are effective tools in the fight against adolescent drug addiction. Competitions in various sports among teenagers and mass cross-country races also have pronounced influence. The practical value of the study in this area is to identify and state opportunities to create methods to combat adolescent drug addiction and the complete elimination of the harmful effects of drugs on modern Ukrainian schoolchildren
Heart Rate Variability of Children with Mitral Valve Prolapse in Orthostatic Test
Authors:   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University. 10, 68 Desantnykiv St., Mykolaiv 54003, Ukraine, Krainyk T. M. , Starodubtsev S. H. , Petrenko O. V. , Dovgan O. V. , Kurtasanov S. A. , Tkachenko M. P.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the research was to study the state of autonomic regulation in prepubertal children with mitral valve prolapse during an orthostatic test Materials and methods. The study involved 2 groups: the main – 26 children aged 10-11 years with mitral valve prolapse, and a control group – 22 relatively healthy children. The adaptive mechanisms were monitored by analyzing heart rate variability. All children participated in a cardiorhythmic examination at rest lying down and during an active orthostatic test. Results and discussion. Among the indicators that had significant differences, the indicators of regulatory process adequacy index and mode amplitude should be noted. In the group of children with mitral valve prolapse, an increase of the regulatory process adequacy index indicated the predominance of the functioning of the sinus node over the activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. An increase in the adequacy index and mode amplitude indicates the connection of the central structures of rhythm control (subcortical rhythms) during a change in body position. Stress index also increased. This index of tension of regulatory systems shows the activity of the mechanisms of sympathetic regulation, the state of central regulation. Children in the control group had a well-coordinated response of the sympathetic nervous system to the orthostatic test: the low frequency spectrum and very low frequency indicators increased. While in main group, the value of low frequency spectrum (the work of the sinus node) increased, the value of very low frequency (the reaction of the central structures of the nervous system) decreased. This indicates dysfunction of the most important reactions, which also affects the daily activities of children, increases the risk of mitral valve prolapse complications. Conclusion. In children with mitral valve prolapse, the absence of a pronounced typical reaction to an ortho test is a reflection of an adaptive-regulatory overstrain in conditions of morphological determinacy of connective tissue dysplasia, which are trying to ensure the adequacy of intracardiac hemodynamics. The data obtained will be useful for predicting the reaction of the body of children with mitral valve prolapse to physical activity of varying intensity
Search for Crystalline Species of Urinary Stones by Patients in the Region of Tissemsilt, Algeria
Authors:   University Centre of Tissemsilt, Science and Technology Insitute, SNV Departement. BP 182, Route de Bougara, Tissemsilt 38000, Algeria, Beghalia Mohamed , Mendi Najet , Derri Lind
Published: June 2021

Urinary stones are among the most common diseases in the world and in Algeria as well, because it is a complex and multifactorial disease. The saturation of solutes in the urine is considered as the main stage of the deposition of crystals and their rapid growth and aggregation lead to the formation of stones in different places of the urinary system. It is the consequence of excessive urinary supersaturation causing renal complications such as lithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, acute or chronic renal failure which may progress to the terminal stage. The purpose of the study was to identify the most common different forms of crystals in the urine of patients for further measures to prevent more serious complications of crystalluria. Materials and methods. The study focused on all lithiasis patients of the age group "from 20 years to 84 years". Three-day urine samples were collected at different urology departments which were referred by urologists, during the period from February 06, 2020 to March 21, 2020. Being the best method, crystalluria was used to determine the types of crystals, their number and their growth. Three criteria must be met for the study of crystalluria to be clinically interpretable. They are the choice of patients according to their metabolic state; how long urine is stored after it is released, and the storage temperature. Results and discussion. Thanks to this study it was possible to characterize many types of crystals, including calcium oxalates, in particular monohydrate, which is considered as a risk factor for stone formation. Also, the urinary acid crystals indicate a specific environmental pattern in many patients. In addition to the calcium phosphate crystals resulting from microbial infections, the results showed pure crystalline aggregates which will inevitably lead to lithiasis. The microscopic examination of patient urine samples is the preferred method for optimal patient assurance with the cooperation of therapists and doctors in addition to the epidemiological study. Conclusion. The relatively high rate of recurrent lithiasis illustrates the current limits of preventive measures which can be penalized by the lack of patient attendance but whose reduced effectiveness primarily suggests a lack of knowledge of one or more fundamental determinants of the lithogenic process. The experimental part showed a diversity of crystals in the urine of patients, pure calcium oxalate monohydrate, which was noticed in the majority of the subjects analyzed. The detection, in crystalluria, of a single crystal of whewellite can therefore be considered as a marker for hyperoxaluria. Weddellite was more common in the urine of subjects under analysis
Allelopathic Activity of Water-Soluble Secretions of Crocus Sativus L. (Iridaceae) Flowers when Introduced in the Northern Black Sea Region
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University. 9, Georgiy Gongadze St., Mykolaiv 54020, Ukraine, Mykolaichuk V. G. , Korolyova O. V. ,   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University. 10, 68 Desantnykiv St., Mykolaiv 54003, Ukraine, Korkhova M. M. ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University. 9, Georgiy Gongadze St., Mykolaiv 54020, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the allelopathic activity of generative organs of Crocus sativus L. (saffron crocus) as a new promising crop for the agrophytocenoses of Ukraine, which has valuable properties and it is used in various industries: the official pharmacopoeia for the treatment of nervous disorders, cancer and the food industry as a valuable spice and organic dye. For safe cultivation of the crop and prevention of soil fatigue, it is necessary to study the effect of water-soluble flower secretions that remain in the fields after removing the stigmas of pistils. Materials and methods. The materials for the research were plants of Crocus sativus, grown on the plots of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University during 2019-2020. The research was conducted in 2020 on the basis of university laboratories. The collection of flowers and the study of allelopathic activity of water-soluble secretions were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results and discussion. As a result of our research, it was found that water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers and their parts at different concentrations stimulated the energy of seed germination and the growth of single-day seedlings L. sativum. There was a lower germination energy in the "perianth+pistil" variant at a filtrate concentration of 0.02%. With an increase in the filtrate concentration, there was a decrease in root growth for all variants except the "perianth+pistil" variant: the lowest decrease was at a concentration of 0.09 and the highest one was at 0.02 compared to the control (7.58 and 4.77%). The coefficient of variation in the root length of one-day seedlings of the test plant had a very high coefficient of variation (>40%) for all variants, except for the "perianth+pistil" variant, which was characterized by a high indicator. For perianth secretions, when the concentration increased, allelopathic activity increased from insignificant inhibitory activity (-0.98) up to stimulating activity (35.70). Other variants were characterized by an inhibitory effect. Conclusion. The growth of allelopathic activity of water-soluble secretions of flower elements at different concentrations can be depicted in the following order: for the perianth it was 0.01<0.02<0.09; for the flower it was 0.01<0.02>0.09; for the perianth and stamen it was 0.01<0.02>0.09, for the perianth with a pistil it was 0.01<0.02>0.09. The highest indicators of allelopathic activity of water-soluble secretions of flowers detected at a concentration of 0.02%
Features of Microflora of Food Products of Animal Origin Realized in Dnipro
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. 72, Gagarin Avenue, Dnipro city 49010, Ukraine, Sclyar T. V. , Pospielova O. O. , Cherevach N. V. , Dregval O. A. , Kuragina N. V.
Published: June 2021

Milk and dairy products are an excellent environment for the development of microorganisms that can cause various defects in the products and in some cases lead to human disease. Under the action of bacteria, yeast, molds, if the rules of procurement are not observed, transportation, storage and sale of dairy products deteriorate rapidly, lose nutritional value, become dangerous for consumption. The purpose of the research was the monitoring of quality of dairy products sold in the trade network of Dnipro according to the sanitary-microbiological indicators. Material and methods. We analyzed 79 samples of milk and dairy products of different trade mark. 56 (64,5%) samples were not standard indexes from which 10 samples of pasteurized milk, 9 samples of yogurt, 6 samples of kefir, 8 samples of sweet-cream butter, 7 samples of cottage cheese, 6 samples of sour cream and 5 samples fermented baked milk. Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that 19 samples of dairy products contained less viable bacteria, than it was indicated according to sanitary and microbiological indexes. There was the greatest number of nonstandard products among samples of yogurt (6) and cottage cheese (4). The study showed that out of 56 analyzed dairy products 13 contained yeast in an amount that exceeds the standard rates. The largest number of non-standard samples (5) was found in yogurt. In 12 samples the maximum number of molds was exceeded. The highest number of molds contaminated product samples was found among cottage cheese (4), kefir (3) and butter (3). In the presence of sanitary-indicative microorganisms we did not meet the requirements of the normative indicators of 35 samples of dairy products, which was 44.3% of the total number of analyzed samples. Escherichia coli bacteria were found in samples of all types of dairy products. The most contaminated were samples of milk (6 samples), kefir (6 samples) and yogurt (5 samples). Conclusion. Out of 7 types studied most dairy products contaminated by all indicators were yoghurt and cottage cheese. Staphylicoccus aureus was detected in 2 samples of lactic acid products. Pathogenic bacteria, including representatives of the genus Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes, were not found in none of 79 samples of seven types of dairy products
Research Supervision as an Antecedent to Graduate Student Progression in the Public Higher Institutions of Learning in Uganda
Authors: Malunda Paul Netalisile , Atwebembeire Juliet , Ssentamu Proscovia Namubiru
Published: June 2021

This study investigated research supervision as a key factor in the progression of graduate students in the public higher institutions of learning in Uganda. A cross-sectional survey design was used to conduct the study. A total of 312 graduate students on masters' degree programs were randomly selected from 4 public institutions of higher learning. The study also included 20 research supervisors who were conveniently selected and 4 purposively selected graduate school heads. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from the students. The supervisors and research school heads were interviewed. The ordered logistic regression and content analysis methods of data analysis were used to establish the contribution of research supervision to the graduate students’ progression. The findings revealed that the supervisor-supervisee relationship, supervisor guidance and feedback are significant antecedents of the graduate students’ progression. The study thus concluded that public institutions of higher learning institute mechanisms that address the supervisor-supervisee relationship, supervisor guidance and the promptness of any feedback in order to enhance the students’ progression. The study recommends that public institutions of higher learning institute i) annual training programs that focus on promoting a good relationship between supervisors and supervisees, ii) regular research seminars that bring together the supervisors and supervisees and iii) regular meetings between the administration, research supervisors and supervisees in order to review the students’ progress. The institutions should also emphasize adherence to the policy of giving feedback on the students’ research work within set time frames.
Case of severe head trauma caused by a car accident
Authors:   1MD. Liliana DRAGOMIR, CLINICAL-MEDICAL Department, « Dunarea de jos » University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania. 2PH.D. Virginia MARINA, MEDICAL Department of Occupational Health, « Dunarea de jos » University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania. 3MD. Mihaela ANGHELE, CLINICAL-MEDICAL Department, « Dunarea de jos » University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania.
Published: June 2021

According to the literature, the term “poly-trauma” was first used by Tscherne et.al, in 1966 for patients who demonstrated a combination of at least two “severe head, chest or abdominal injuries” or “one of them in association with an extremity injury. Trauma, despite all efforts to control its impact, is now a recurrent cause of high incidence of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Studies show that road traffic injuries are currently the leading cause of death among people aged between 1 and 45-years old. Only 21 countries in the WHO (World Health Organization), European Region have implemented legislative changes regulating drink-driving, with blood alcohol test limits varying between ≤0.02 g/dl and ≤0.05 g/dl. INTRODUCTION: It is well known that poly-trauma is a challenge for the clinician, regardless of specialization. In this regard, we wanted to present this case to raise an alarm on the approach to poly-trauma, which involves, in addition to the pre-hospital, hospital and follow-up stages, the follow-up of victims after discharge, in an attempt to identify possible causes of death and their prevention. CASE PRESENTATION: In this clinical case, we present the outcome of a 44-year-old patient who presented to the emergency room with multiple trauma injuries resulting from a road traffic accident. During her admission to the neurosurgery department of the Emergency “Sfântul Apostol Andrei”, Clinical Hospital of Galati, the patient underwent numerous clinical and imaging investigations, which provided findings statistically associated with increased mortality and morbidity rates. CONCLUSION: The management of patients presenting with poly-trauma is continuous, dynamic and extremely challenging in terms of the staff involved, the multidisciplinary team that will monitor the patient’s progress. All this is a goal that can only be achieved through good interdisciplinary and inter-hospital communication, providing standards of care and quality-oriented cooperation, increasing efficiency through the use of existing resources, regulating the financial aspects of inter-hospital transfers, cooperating in a common system of continuous training.
When gambling with derivative products can become problematic: a case report of excessive trading
Authors:   Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
Published: June 2021

For some individuals, trading can become a problematic activity and be considered a gambling disorder due to its adverse consequences. Because few studies have been conducted to date investigating this issue, the aim of this study is to improve knowledge on this topic by presenting a case study of a participant playing the stock market. A research interview was conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using Alceste®. This case study revealed three classes of meaning: the role of family in trading behavior; trading history, motives, and beliefs; and the tilt. Results shed light on the link between gambling and trading activities, and tend to support the existence of a trading behavior resembling addiction, which may be more significant when trading with high-risk derivative products due to their unique characteristics.
Investigação dos Impactos do Processo de Elaboração, Aplicação e Reelaboração de Sequências Didáticas na Racionalidade Prevalente acerca do Planejamento
Authors: Morais Rafael Pedroso de , Bego Amadeu Moura , Giordan Marcelo
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar em que medida o Processo de Elaboração, Aplicação e Reelaboração (EAR) de validação de sequências didáticas promove modificações na racionalidade prevalente de professores(as) de Química em formação inicial. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso com bolsistas do subprojeto de Química do PIBID de uma universidade pública paulista. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados questionários, entrevistas e grupo focal e as análises foram fundamentadas nos princípios da análise de conteúdo e da triangulação. Constatou-se que inicialmente os bolsistas apresentavam um amálgama de perspectivas que correspondiam à mescla de racionalidades em que a racionalidade prática era prevalente, indicando uma concepção de planejamento processual, situado e autoral, mas marcadamente acrítico e despolitizado. Após o Processo EAR, identificou-se uma diminuição acentuada do caráter tecnicista das concepções, mas com a manutenção da prevalência da racionalidade prática. Aponta-se que a modificação de racionalidades prevalentes não se dá de modo linear e direto, mas que o processo culminou em melhoria da coerência interna da sequência didática planejada; valoração de espaços e tempos de reflexões coletivas; valoração do planejamento de ensino; e reconhecimento dos condicionantes que atuam sobre o trabalho docente. Finaliza-se com apontamentos sobre as potencialidades e perspectivas do Processo EAR para pesquisas sobre formação de professores de Química.
Provocações entre duas senhoras: dona seriação e dona multisseriação
Authors: Alminhana Panni Mari Teresinha , Glavam Duarte Claudia
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo problematizar a organização escolar seriada e identificar a racionalidade que sustenta as diferentes formas de organização escolar. Para isto, criamos duas personagens:  Dona Seriação e Dona Multisseriação que argumentam e pontuam o quanto estas classificações são arbitrárias e contingentes. Autores como Ariès (1986), Caruzo e Dussel (2003), nos ajudaram a compor parte de uma história que inicia com crianças e adultos misturados em um mesmo espaço educacional, para, logo em seguida, exigir a classificação e separação dos mesmos. Para além dos argumentos de cada uma das personagens criadas, pretendemos ressaltar que as formas de organização dos tempos/espaços escolares não é, de forma alguma algo tranquilo, natural, mas, algo inteiramente fabricado.
Ser professor no contexto online: processo formativo no ensino superior em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Heckler Valmir , Guidotti Charles dos Santos
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo descreve uma experiência formativa desenvolvida com docentes de uma Universidade Pública brasileira, realizada no período de agosto a dezembro de 2020 durante a Pandemia da Covid-19. Debate sobre os aspectos teórico-práticos da estruturação do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem – AVA Ser Professor no Contexto Online, que possibilitou desenvolver as atividades formativas com os sujeitos geograficamente distantes, via as interfaces da internet.  Apresenta e desenvolve uma análise descritiva sobre os envolvimentos dos docentes cursistas a se estruturar a formação na perspectiva de se vivenciar e pensar sobre a docência, as ações pedagógicas e a avaliação no contexto educativo online. Significa-se como resultado que a vivência das ações educativas aconteceu em uma perspectiva dialógica via interfaces da web, como meio de problematizar o contexto do ensino remoto. Registra-se que todo o processo formativo com os professores do ensino superior foi estruturado e desenvolvido de forma não presencial. Os recursos pedagógicos e tecnológicos como a plataforma moodle, desenho didático, textos de apoio, wiki, fóruns, vídeos, tarefa e os materiais didáticos em diferentes formatos se mostraram potenciais de promover a interação, bem como a perspectiva da educação online assumida na proposta formativa.
Mais mecanizada, mais escolarizada e mais bem remunerada: a nova realidade dos canaviais brasileiros com a incorporação de tecnologias mecânicas
Authors: Lima Jose Rodolfo Tenorio
Published: June 2021

O uso de máquinas no campo acarreta alterações no mundo do trabalho canavieiro e a partir disso este texto tem como questão norteadora a seguinte pergunta: Como se apresenta a escolaridade e remuneração dos trabalhadores que desenvolvem seus processos de trabalho, manuais ou mecanizados, nos canaviais brasileiros diante do processo modernização tecnológica? Predominantemente quantitativa, a investigação aqui realizada se vale de dados disponibilizadas nas bases oficiais do governo federal. As evidências encontradas demonstram: elevação na escolaridade dos trabalhadores; trabalhadores da mecanização agrícola são mais escolarizados; a região Centro-Sul apresenta maiores níveis de escolaridade; e maior remuneração para trabalhadores que apresentaram níveis de escolaridade mais elevados
Contribuições das tecnologias digitais no ensino de conteúdos matemáticos
Authors: Neuenfeldt Adriano Edo , Schuck Rogério José , Neuenfeldt Derli Juliano , Rodrigues Ariane Wollenhoupt da Luz
Published: June 2021

Esse trabalho apresenta resultados do desenvolvimento de uma proposta de ensino, atrelada a uma pesquisa de doutoramento. Tem-se como objetivo analisar contribuições do uso de tecnologias digitais na graduação, no caso, os aplicativos gráficos Geogebra e Winplot, como estratégias de ensino para estimular a aprendizagem de conteúdos matemáticos. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e é um estudo de caso realizado numa disciplina da área de Ciências Exatas com 20 estudantes de cursos de Engenharia e Arquitetura. Constatou-se que as tecnologias digitais potencializaram o compartilhamento interdisciplinar de saberes entre professor e estudantes. Além disso, possibilitaram estratégias de ensino que desenvolvem a autonomia dos estudantes, superando o uso restrito à transmissão de conteúdos.
Enfrentamento da violência virtual – cyberbullying na perspectiva de alunos e educadores de escola privada
Authors: Brasileiro Juliene Gomes , Gontijo Daniela Tavares
Published: June 2021

O Cyberbullying (CB) compõe uma categoria específica de violência com efeitos danosos aos jovens. É necessário compreender a quem cabe e como deve se dar o enfrentamento do CB envolvendo adolescentes. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa qualitativa realizada com alunos e educadores de uma instituição privada de ensino de Recife – PE, Brasil sobre quem são os responsáveis pelo enfrentamento do CB percebido na escola e que ações são mais eficazes. Através da análise de conteúdo de grupos focais e entrevistas individuais, a escola, a família, os envolvidos na violência e o Estado foram apontados como responsáveis por organizar e aplicar ações sistematizadas de caráter informativo, educativo,disciplinar e punitivo.
Aspectos do pensamento computacional de estudantes do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Scucuglia Rodrigues da Silva Ricardo , Gadanidis George , Idem Rita de Cassia , Martins Barbosa Lara , Seron Portera Yeda
Published: June 2021

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento duas tarefas matemático-artístico-computacionais realizadas com um grupo de quatro estudantes de Ensino Fundamental. As tarefas exploram a temática padrões e álgebra e foram realizadas utilizando aplicativos computacionais. Os dados foram produzidos em sessões de Experimento de Ensino por meio de filmagens e realização de diário de campo. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as habilidades do pensamento computacional emergentes do contexto supracitado. O processo de interação das estudantes com os aplicativos foi interpretado por meio de ações de aprendizagem construcionistas. Como resultado, se verificou que houve indícios da emergência das habilidades de coleta de dados, análise de dados, simulação e automação em todas as atividades e das habilidades de decomposição do problema, paralelização e abstração em atividades mais complexas. A partir do estudo realizado, se concluiu que as tarefas exploradas possibilitaram a abordagem de diversos conceitos matemáticos e computacionais, e o desenvolvimento de habilidades essenciais a processos de resolução de problemas e à própria capacidade de aprender.
Escolarização em contextos rurais: a perspectiva das famílias
Authors: Reis Maglaice Miranda , Nogueira Marlice de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Este artigo discute resultados de um estudo sobre práticas de acompanhamento escolar em famílias de uma localidade rural. Com metodologia qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas com famílias de dez estudantes dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, sendo cinco com bom desempenho escolar e cinco em situação de baixo desempenho. Os resultados indicam que, embora tenha se confirmado  um impacto  da distância entre os estilos educativos das famílias e a cultura escolar nos resultados das crianças, assim como nas percepções dos familiares sobre o fracasso e o sucesso escolar, as famílias rurais  pesquisadas desenvolviam um conjunto de esforços no quadro da vida escolar dos filhos e se mobilizavam, mesmo que em grau e modo diferenciados, para atender às demandas da escola.
Literatura estrangeira e algoritmos: criando uma ponte
Authors: Batista André Luiz França , Martins Rodrigo Grassi
Published: June 2021

Não é muito comum a relação entre a arte literária e os algoritmos. Embora hoje estejam a nossa disposição recursos tecnológicos que facilitam a leitura – e armazenamento – de livros e outras obras em dispositivos móveis, pouco se pesquisa sobre as possíveis conexões entre estes dois pontos. Neste artigo apresentamos os passos para construção de uma ponte entre literatura e algoritmos. Descrevemos aqui a experiência acadêmica interdisciplinar envolvendo alunos do curso Técnico em Informática Integrado ao Ensino Médio, na qual estes realizaram a adaptação transmídia de obras literárias para jogos digitais produzidos pelos próprios discentes. O projeto envolveu as unidades curriculares de Língua Inglesa e Algoritmos II, de modo que os livros sugeridos lidos na unidade curricular de língua estrangeira serviram como inspiração para construção dos jogos digitais na unidade curricular de programação. As análises feitas mediante a observação docente sobre os discentes mostram que essa ação didática-pedagógica pode melhorar o engajamento estudantil em relação aos tópicos ministrados em ambas as unidades curriculares, e indica também que é sim possível construir uma ponte sólida entre literatura e algoritmos.
A Comissão Nacional de Literatura Infantil (1936-1938) e as representações acerca da literatura para a criança
Authors: Ivashita Simone Burioli , Rezende Vieira Aline Daniella
Published: June 2021

A literatura infantil aparece como uma demanda da escola moderna, mas quando na história do país se pensou pela primeira vez, institucionalmente a literatura infantil? No Brasil, este debate acontece somente no Governo de Getúlio Vargas, com a criação da Comissão Nacional de Literatura Infantil (CNLI), em 1936, pelo ministro da Educação e Saúde, Gustavo Capanema. A CNLI legou um rico material para a pesquisa e produção acadêmica em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Como resultados preliminares temos que entre atas, paraceres, inventários etc, seis documentos notabilizam as concepções dos membros da comissão acerca da literatura infantil. Os pareceres revelam que apesar dos tempos, perdurava a desescolarização da literatura para a criança.
PIBID de história no Paraná: concepções de formação de professores (2011-2017)
Authors: Sabião Batista Ruhama Ariella , Cerri Luis Fernando
Published: June 2021

Este texto avalia a política pública Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) em dois recortes: a área de história e a abrangência do Estado do Paraná. O corpus documental foi composto pelas publicações e relatórios do programa em cada universidade enfatizando nas concepções subjacentes a eles quanto à formação de professores e o ensino de história. Verificou-se a diversidade de interpretações quanto ao Programa no processo de recepção e execução das atividades. No que tange à concepção do PIBID, os coordenadores se dividem entre os que o compreenderam como complemento dos estágios curriculares, como grupo de pesquisa em Ensino de História e como laboratório de ensino, o que é um indicador para compreender como variou a concepção de formação de professores.
A perspectiva sócio-histórica de Vygotsky e suas relações com as categorias de pensamento, conhecimento e habilidades cognitivas
Authors: Almeida Willa Nayana Corrêa , Coelho Antonia Ediele de Freitas , Malheiro João Manoel da Silva
Published: June 2021

Este estudo identificou as proximidades e relações existentes entre as categorias de pensamento, conhecimento e habilidades cognitivas com a perspectiva sócio-histórica de Vygotsky. Assumimos uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, na qual foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa bibliográfica em livros e artigos científicos publicados em periódicos da área. O ensaio teórico apresentou indicativos de que as ideias sobre pensamento, conhecimento e habilidades cognitivas e a teoria de Vygotsky aproximam-se em alguns aspectos, uma vez que as categorias de pensamento podem ser externalizadas por meio da linguagem oral ou escrita, e o conhecimento organiza mentalmente as informações adquiridas durantes as interações sociais. O indivíduo vai tornando-se capaz de estruturar suas ideias na forma de habilidades de cognição que podem ser manifestadas a partir da utilização de instrumentos e signos, que levam a construção de significados social e culturalmente aceitos. As teorias convergem acerca das ideias de ensino e aprendizagem, uma vez que devem favorecer e dirigir o desenvolvimento cognitivo.