bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface hardening of MIM porous metals by ultrasonic vibration assisted pressing
Authors: Shimaoka Ryo , Yin Zidong , Tanaka Shigeo , Yang Ming
Published: January 2025

Metal powder injection molding (MIM) has attracted attention as a cost-effective manufacturing method for serial producing complex designed micro metal parts. However, unavoidable micropores are observed in MIM parts that lead to poor bending strength, especially in small-sized products. This disadvantage is significant in the medical field. Ultrasonic vibration assisted surface hardening can be a solution. This surface strengthening method uses an ultrasonically vibrating punch to work-harden the surface, enabling localised hardening in a short time without using highly toxic chemicals or large-scale equipment. In addition, porous metals have the properties of absorbing sound and shock, which allows them to efficiently absorb the energy of ultrasonic vibrations and effectively harden the surface. In this study, we verified the effect of the ultrasonic vibration assisted surface hardening, the influence of the porous structure, and the mechanism of surface strengthening. As a specimen, MIM processed pure copper and stainless steel 316L specimens were used to compare with specimens without porous structure through investigations such as surface hardness test, electron backscatter diffraction analysis, and surface roughness measurement. After hardening, it was confirmed that the MIM specimens had an obviously increased surface hardness and a significantly reduced surface roughness compared to the specimens without porous structure. In addition, the hardening caused a increase in strain near the surface and around the pore walls inside the material. From these results, it is supposed that the pores inside the material absorbed the vibration energy and deformed slightly, and the strain on the surface increased due to the impact effect. This experiment demonstrated that ultrasonic vibration assisted surface hardening can effectively improve the surface strength and roughness of porous metals and can be used as a method that does not impair the original ductility by absorbing vibration energy through pores.
Mit psychosozialen Angeboten die Gesundheit von Pflegenden in der Psychiatrie stärken
Authors: Schott Marc , Müller Isabella , Anderl-Doliwa Brigitte , Zippel Claus
Published: January 2025

Eine effektive betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung kann die Gesundheit der Mitarbeitenden erhalten sowie Fehlzeiten und Krankheitskosten senken. Doch welche Maßnahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung sind aus Sicht allgemeinpsychiatrischer Pflegekräfte besonders wichtig? Eine Befragung liefert Antworten und Anknüpfungspunkte, wie psychiatrische Kliniken ihre betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung zielgruppenspezifisch anpassen und bewerben können.
Heidelberger Psychosoziale Expertise
Authors: Fröhlich Jaqueline
Published: January 2025

Vor rund fünf Jahren fand am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg im Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin ein Strategiewechsel statt: hin zu einem neuen, zeitgemäßen interprofessionellen Miteinander in der Patient*innenversorgung. Wie wirkt sich das auf das pflegetherapeutische Niveau, die Qualitätssicherung und die Attraktivität des Arbeitsplatzes aus?
Inwieweit wirkte sich die Covid-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit des psychiatrischen Pflege- und Erziehungsdienstes aus?
Authors: von Erffa Johanna
Published: January 2025

Da während der Covid-19-Pandemie bei schweren Infektionsverläufen eine Intensivversorgung notwendig war und der Behandlungsbedarf die vorhandenen Kapazitäten um ein Vielfaches überstieg, erhielt insbesondere der Intensivpflegebereich besondere Aufmerksamkeit und Anerkennung 1. Inwieweit die Covid-19-Pandemie auch die psychiatrische Pflege betraf, fand bisher wenig Beachtung. Eine Studie liefert neue Erkenntnisse.
Eleutherococcus senticosus Alleviates Aristolochic-Acid-Induced Acute Kidney Damage by Inhibiting the NLRP3/IL-1β Signaling Pathway in Mice
Authors: Zhang Jian-hui , Gao Mei-zhu , Chen Qian , Chen Ting , Ruan Dan-dan , Wu Min , Huang Fang-meng , Luo Jie-wei , Zhu Yao-bin , Chen Li
Published: January 2025

Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES) exerts various pharmacological effects, including renoprotection in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of ES on aristolochic acid (AA)-induced acute kidney injury in mice. The experimental mice were divided into the control group, the model group (AA-induced acute kidney injury model), the model + ES group (Eleutherococcus senticosus boiled-free granules treated by gavage for two weeks), the model + fasudil group (fasudil administered intraperitoneally for three days), and the model + ES + fasudil group. After AA intervention in normal mice, the expression of ASC and NLRP3 and the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α were significantly elevated in mouse renal tissues (P < 0.05). However, AA-induced renal dysfunction was ameliorated by both ES and fasudil, which was confirmed by the decrease
in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, as well as by renal histopathological abnormalities such as renal tubule dilation and tubular formation. In addition, the inflammatory response of AA-induced renal inflammation was inhibited by both ES and fasudil, and the expression of ASC and NLRP3 and the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α were significantly higher in mouse renal tissues after the treatment of either ES or fasudil (P < 0.05). ES may be a potential treatment agent for aristolochic-acid-triggered nephropathy, with inhibition of the NLRP3/IL-1β as one plausible underlying mechanism.
Improving wheat seed germination using plasma treatments
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: January 2025

Gliding arc discharge can improve wheat yields in colder climates.
Improvement of the accuracy in measuring cryogenic hot spot mix by multi-channel Ross filter pairs through a two-temperature model of hot spot electron temperature
Authors: Ke Shengxin , Chen Bolun , Wang Feng , Zhang Xing , Liu Xiangming , Wu Yankang , Pu Yudong , Sun Chuankui , Sun Ao , Yan Ji , Shang Wanli , Huang Tianxuan , Yang Dong , Dong Yunsong , Yang Jiamin
Published: January 2025

In inertial confinement fusion experiments, hot spot mix caused by hydrodynamic instabilities is a critical performance limitation. Currently, multi-channel Ross filter pair imaging is used to quantitatively diagnose the mix mass of cryogenic hot spots driven by 100 kJ energy, but this method brings significant uncertainty. To measure the level of mix more accurately, we have developed a two-temperature model to modify the fitted bremsstrahlung spectra based on the characteristics of cryogenic implosion hot spots. In experiments with good symmetry of hot spots, fitting analysis of the radial distribution of electron temperature was conducted. Compared with traditional single-temperature models, the two-temperature modeling method is more sensitive to the radial distribution of electron temperature and provides new diagnostic insights into the spatial distribution of cryogenic hot spot mix.
Lanthanide doped semiconductor thin films for photonic and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Wang Jiawen , Huang Lihui , Lin Shenghuang , Xu Shiqing , Bai Gongxun
Published: January 2025

High-performing semiconductor thin films are crucial components in today's electronic age, finding extensive applications in devices and chips. Recently, there has been a significant trend toward incorporating lanthanide elements into these films, primarily driven by the escalating demand for photonic and optoelectronic applications. The featured article presents a detailed overview of the latest research advancements in lanthanide-doped semiconductor thin films tailored for photonic and optoelectronic uses. This comprehensive review encompasses the principles, design considerations, fabrication methods, and characterization techniques involved in creating these doped films. The semiconductors discuss span a range of materials, including wide bandgap semiconductors, perovskites, two-dimensional materials, piezoelectric materials, and organic materials. The article further explores the photonic and optoelectronic applications of these doped films. Finally, it delves into the current challenges, potential solutions, future prospects, and research gaps that need to be addressed in this exciting field.
Vacuum ultraviolet emission from mixed H2:Ar/Ne/He plasmas
Authors: Richmond Josef L. , Machacek Joshua R. , Charles Christine , Boswell Roderick W.
Published: January 2025

The emission of mixed inert/reactive gas plasmas, commonly used in a variety of industrial applications and laboratory settings, is relatively unquantified in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength range. VUV emission spectroscopy of mixed H2:Ar/Ne/He inductively coupled radio frequency (RF) plasmas was conducted for pressures in the range 20–80 mTorr with 400 W input RF power and H2 concentrations of 0% to 100%. For H2:Ar mixtures at 80 mTorr, the Ly-α (121 nm) emission was observed to reach a maximum at 27.5% H2: 72.5%Ar, approximately 3.3  × greater than a pure hydrogen discharge at the same pressure, and the total emission in the range 115–200 nm increased by a factor of 1.5. By increasing the pressure at which the mixtures were maintained, the maximum Ly-α emission was increased, and the H2 concentration at which that maximum occurred decreased. Comparisons to a simple collisional model indicate a significant pressure dependence, which is consistent with observations of self-absorption of Ly-α by ground state hydrogen atoms. Experiments across the full range of H2:Ar/Ne/He mixtures revealed that admixed gases with heavier atomic masses are more effective at increasing the Ly-α emission. A similar pressure dependence was also observed, indicating self-absorption phenomena are still highly relevant to emission spectroscopy of mixed hydrogen/inert gas plasmas. The development of high efficiency sources in the VUV wavelength range is especially useful for space applications where there is no atmospheric absorption of the VUV.
Linking dynamics and structure in highly asymmetric ionic liquids
Authors: Avilés-Sánchez Juan C. , Cortés-Morales Ernesto C. , Farías-Anguiano Mariana E. , Whitmer Jonathan K. , Ramírez-González Pedro E.
Published: January 2025

We explore an idealized theoretical model for ion transport within highly asymmetric ionic liquid mixtures. A primitive model-inspired system serves as a representative for asymmetric ionic materials (such as liquid crystalline salts) which quench to form disordered, partially arrested phases. Self-consistent generalized Langevin equation theory is applied to understand the connection between the size ratio of charge-matched salts and their average mobility. Within this model, we identify novel glassy states where one of the two charged species (without loss of generality, either the macro-cation or the micro-anion) is arrested, while the other retains liquid-like mobility. We discuss how this result is useful in the development of novel single-ion conducting phases in ionic liquid-based materials, for instance, conductors operating at low temperature or the technology associated with ionic liquid crystals.
Voronoi diagrams metallic mesh for transparent EMI shielding
Authors: Cao Danlin , Ma Jincheng , Li Chang , Guan Yalu , Hu Jianyang , Feng Jianan , Wang Lei , Wang Yiqun , Lin Jie , Jin Peng
Published: January 2025

Recently, the transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding film, which is optical transparent, conductive, and EMI shielding, is widely employed in fields of display, solar cell, EMI shielding, and so on. Here, we utilized Voronoi diagram randomized metallic mesh and 3D printing technology to achieve transparent EMI shielding on curved surface. For the metal grid based on Voronoi diagram, one can realize highly homogeneous light transmission, with that optical performance is superior to that of regular and random quadrilateral mesh. The designed Voronoi diagram meshes were fabricated using aerosol jet (AJ) technology, which needs no mask and can achieve patterns on curved surfaces. The Voronoi metal meshes were fabricated on a 40 × 40 mm2 planar and a plano–convex lens with a diameter of 10 mm and a crown height of 3.7 mm. We investigated the optical transmittance of the Voronoi metal mesh grid and also the imaging performance of plano–convex lens with mesh grid. Furthermore, we analyzed the EMI shielding characteristics of the fabricated Voronoi mesh grids in the Ku-band (12–18 GHz) by using a vector network analyzer, which is higher than 23 dB. Therefore, the proposed Voronoi diagram and AJ technology can provide good diffraction uniformity and an effective method to fabricate the metal mesh grids on conformal surfaces.
Enhanced prediction of pressure drops in pressurized systems with sudden contractions from circular to annular cross sections
Authors: Song Xiaoteng , Sun Xihuan , Li Yongye , Ma Juanjuan , Liu Xinyang , Li Bodong
Published: January 2025

In pressurized systems, sudden contractions in flow cross sections often lead to significant pressure drops, which can affect system performance and efficiency. Current pressure drop models are known to have limitations, particularly in accurately predicting pressure changes for transitions from circular to annular cross sections. This paper reviews existing pressure drop models and evaluates their predictive accuracy using a comprehensive dataset. The investigation focuses on pressure gradients during transitions from circular to annular cross sections, considering various contraction ratios and Reynolds numbers. The study introduces a new pressure drop model based on momentum conservation, which incorporates all relevant boundary effects. The results show that pressure drop losses due to sudden contraction are inversely proportional to the contraction ratio and directly proportional to the Reynolds number. The proposed model's predictions exhibit a close match with experimental data, achieving an absolute average relative error of 14.32%. The newly developed model significantly improves the predictive accuracy of pressure drops for sudden contractions from circular to annular cross sections. By addressing the limitations of existing models, this research provides a more reliable tool for designing and analyzing pressurized systems, particularly for macro pipelines.
Transition of counter-rotating plasma-induced vortices into a jet
Authors: Dong Lei , Zhang Wenqiang , Ren Jie , Yang Xin , Xiao Dandan , Yao Jie , Mao Xuerui
Published: January 2025

Two low-frequency-modulated plasma actuators are symmetrically positioned on either side of a thin flat plate to continuously generate pairs of counter-rotating vortices, with velocity fields captured using time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV). Convolutional neural networks with a U-Net architecture are adopted to generate the phase-averaged velocity field of plasma-induced vortices from a single PIV snapshot to eliminate the requirement of multiple measurements. The influence of the number of input features and samples on the model accuracy is examined. The model-predicted results match well with the measurements, accurately restoring the vortex dynamics and capturing the strength variation. The proposed model is then utilized to reconstruct the phase-averaged results of the starting vortex for continuous plasma jets, revealing that the evolution of plasma-induced vortices and their transition into a jet are characterized by four distinct stages: formation, boosting, distortion, and jetting, all governed by the vortex convection velocity. The vortices exhibit a marked increase in circulation after a delayed development, moving linearly downstream while diverging from the centerline. Consequently, the vortex-induced effect significantly enhances the centerline velocity. The vortices are subsequently stretched and distorted from a circular into a chain-like shape due to the large velocity gradient between the vortex pair, leading to the vortex breakdown and transition into a jet, accompanied by a collapse in the velocity magnitude. Insights into vortex-to-jet transition inform the optimal placement of plasma actuators, thereby enhancing control efficiency in active flow control applications.
On the wake dynamics of wall-mounted helical straked cylinders
Authors: Thakurta A. , Balachandar R.
Published: January 2025

The wake dynamics of wall-mounted circular cylinders with helical strakes are investigated using particle image velocimetry under shallow flow conditions. The helical strakes attached to the cylinder surface have a three-start configuration with a pitch equal to 10d and a height of 0.2d, where d is the cylinder diameter. The influence of strake orientation is explored by positioning the cylinder to align one of the strakes at an angle of 0° or 30° with the streamwise flow at the cylinder-bed junction. In the presence of the strakes, the wakes displayed elevated turbulence levels and reduced mean velocity, which influence the vortex formation length and other wake characteristics. The strakes induce asymmetric behavior across the depth of the flow resulting in the disruption of coherent vortex shedding. When aligned at 0° to the oncoming flow, the strakes increase the Reynolds stresses throughout the flow depth and enhance their diffusion, which can facilitate better wake mixing and momentum exchange. When the strakes are positioned at 30°, the stresses are distributed over a wider region with decreased magnitude. There is a notable increase in energy contributions near the bed for the 0° case as revealed by proper orthogonal decomposition. The spatial modes exhibit a wide range of scales across the flow depth for the straked cylinders.
Effects of water ingestion on the aerodynamic performance of an axial compressor
Authors: Hu Mengfei , Wu Jianhui , Shi Guanghao , Ji Lucheng , Li Jiabin
Published: January 2025

Liquid water in the atmosphere affects the safety and stability of aero-engines in their operation and threatens flight safety because when liquid water is ingested by compressors, it breaks into smaller droplets, which then bounce in, collide with, or splash onto the blades of compressors, increasing profile loss and aerodynamic drag. As a result, the performance of compressors would deteriorate after water ingestion. To investigate the mechanisms underlying such performance changes and flow differences within the passage due to water ingestion, we simulate the gas-liquid two-phase flow within National Aeronautics and Space Administration Rotor 67 by employing the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. This paper investigates water–air ratios ranging from 3% to 9% of the total mass and droplet diameters between 500and 1500 μm. Numerical simulations are used to examine the flow and performance of the compressor under different inlet conditions. The results demonstrate that higher water ingestion rates and smaller droplet diameters decrease the compressor efficiency, due to increased entropy generation. They also reduce the mass flow rate, due to droplet accumulation blocking the passage. Specifically, water droplets reduce the axial velocity and significantly increase boundary layer separation losses on the blade suction surface. In addition, water ingestion partially mitigates tip clearance leakage flow losses, slightly weakens the shock intensity, and shifts the shock position forward, while delivering minimal impact on wake losses.
Characteristics and factors influencing the nonlinear seepage of paste material injected into a fractal-like tree fracture bifurcation network around coal seam boreholes
Authors: Yao Meiru , Liu Zhen , Yang He , Dong Shuai
Published: January 2025

The sealing efficiency of pressure grouting in coal seam boreholes is pivotal for enhancing gas extraction and mitigating environmental risks. Therefore, this study integrated theoretical and modeling approaches to investigate the development of fractures around coal seam boreholes, elucidate the migration behavior of non-Newtonian sealing slurries within fracture networks, and analyze the effects of structural parameters of fractal-like tree fracture networks on paste material permeation. First, a fractal-like, tree-like fracture bifurcation network is introduced to describe the distribution of fractures around coal seam boreholes, and the spatial fractional constitutive equation of non-Newtonian fluid is used to solve the nonlocality of non-Newtonian fluid flow and the potential correlation of particles inside the fluid. Then, the seepage model of grouting sealing material in the fracture network around coal seam drilling is constructed, and the associated seepage characteristics are examined. The research reveals the direct influence of critical parameters such as the space fractional derivative order (α), fracture network opening ratio (β), fracture network length ratio (γ), maximum bifurcation series (m), fracture opening fractal dimension (De), tortuosity fractal dimension (DT), primary fracture length (l0), the maximum opening of fracture network (emax), and the number of fracture bifurcations per level (s) on the seepage characteristics of grouting materials. Specifically, it can be obtained by the theoretical model that the permeability of the fracture network is positively correlated with β, s, De, and emax, while it is negatively correlated with α, γ, m, DT, and l0. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the seepage behavior of non-Newtonian fluids in engineering coal-rock fracture networks and developing efficient sealing materials for coal seams.
Étude comparative des constructions à “agent” sous-déterminé en français
Authors: Johnsen Laure Anne
Published: January 2025

Cet article vise à comparer trois structures qui servent à exprimer en français un procès dont l’“agent” est
sous-déterminé : (1) ils V (ils ont construit le groupe scolaire), (2) le passif court
(le groupe scolaire a été construit) (3) on V (on a construit le groupe
scolaire). Reposant sur un corpus d’exemples principalement tirés de l’oral, l’analyse examine les contextes où les
trois procédés entrent en concurrence et s’efforce de faire ressortir les spécificités de chacun. Sur le plan sémantique, les
agents impliqués présentent des différences sur les traits du nombre, d’humanité et d’inclusion du locuteur. À ces distinctions
s’ajoutent, selon la construction, des manières contrastées d’envisager le procès, au niveau de l’aspect et de la structure
actantielle.
The discourse function of verbal aspect in Ecuadorian
Siona
Authors: Christiaans Jelle
Published: January 2025

In addition to indicating whether or not events have come to an
end at a reference time (temporal function), the opposition between imperfective
aspect and perfective aspect in Ecuadorian Siona can also fulfil a discourse
function. Imperfective forms of the verb caye ‘to say’ can
signal that a speech act will be followed by a reaction or an addition, whereas
perfective forms can signal that this is not the case. This discourse function is related to the temporal function through metaphor. This particular discourse
function is an addition to the typology of non-temporal functions of verbal
aspect.
Dialect variation in Dutch manner adverbs
Authors: Cloin-Tavenier Lex
Published: January 2025

Some Dutch manner adverbs are marked with diminutive morphology and ‘adverbial -s’; cf.
still-etje-s (quiet-DIM-S) ‘quietly’. This morphological material interacts with comparative/superlative
formation: in Standard Dutch (SD), comparatives/superlatives of diminutive manner adverbs (DMAs) are ill-formed. Dialect reference
grammars and novel questionnaire data reveal variation that is unaccounted for; some dialects allow comparative/superlative
DMAs.

I propose a unified analysis of SD and dialectal DMA patterns. Based on a discussion of morphosyntactic and
semantic properties of the Dutch diminutive and prior analysis of -s, I propose that DMAs decompose into a
phrasal category featuring a manner noun marked by diminutive morphology and a small clause headed by -s. This
analysis of DMAs is comparable to that of Dutch blootshoofds ‘bare-headed’. Identified loci of variable affix
ordering and variation between SD and dialects are PF/linearization and variation in the functional domain, respectively.
Als dan or dan als?
Authors: van der Leer Thomas J.C. , Hogeweg Lotte
Published: January 2025

Dutch conditional sentences can occur in canonical clause order, such that the antecedent precedes the consequent,
but also in non-canonical order, with the antecedent in sentence-final position. One explanation for the existence of this variety
lies in the implicatures they convey: predictive conditionals have what Reuneker (2022)
labels a more direct connectedness, possibly resulting in a larger preference for the canonical order than speech act
conditionals, which are known for their indirect connectedness. Clause order preference could also be influenced by the desire to
optimise discourse coherency (Lee 2001). We put these two factors to the test in an
online experiment and found evidence for both theories but not for their interaction. Interestingly, we also found a general
preference for the canonical order across all conditions.
A comparative examination of the efficiency of sequestering carbon in US agricultural soils
Authors: Antle John M. , Capalbo Susan M. , Mooney Siân , Elliott Edward T. , Paustian Keith H.
Published: January 2025

This paper demonstrates the need to integrate biophysical and economic data to assess the competitiveness of US agriculture to provide soil carbon (C) and participate in a market for C credits. The paper discusses alternative methods of calculating the costs of soil C sequestration and compares the cost of sequestering soil C in Iowa and Montana. Results indicate that the opportunity cost per Mg of sequestered C varies in response to regional resource endowments and net returns. Economic models show that Montana could sequester a relatively small amount of soil C annually at a lower opportunity cost per Mg than Iowa, but Iowa can sequester larger quantities more efficiently. These results are compared with estimates of the cost of C sequestration from other domestic and international studies, and suggest that US agriculture could be competitive in domestic or international markets for C reduction credits.
Promotion of sustainably produced foods: Customer response in Minnesota grocery stores
Authors: Robinson Ramona , Smith Chery , Murray Helene , Ennis Jim
Published: January 2025

This study assesses consumer perceptions of sustainably produced foods and evaluates whether a supermarket point-of-purchase intervention could increase shoppers' awareness of a campaign designed to promote purchases of sustainably produced foods. The in-store intervention involved the promotion of sustainably produced apples labeled with the Midwest Food Alliance's (MWFA) seal of approval. Minnesota consumers were surveyed at two eastern metropolitan area intervention stores and one eastern metropolitan area comparison store. The in-store campaign lasted 8 weeks and involved individually labeled apples, point-of-purchase materials, and weekly food demonstrations. Prior to campaign initiation, baseline surveys were administered to consumers in two test stores and one comparison store. Follow-up surveys were mailed to these same consumers upon conclusion of the campaign intervention. Independent samples t-tests comparing change from baseline to post intervention indicated that a statistically higher percentage of consumers in the test-market group had heard of the Midwest Food Alliance campaign. Furthermore, a statistically higher percentage of the test-market shoppers reported seeing signs and labels promoting the MWFA, indicating that the promotion had some impact. Baseline data gathered from all consumers indicated that foods produced with sustainable practices were important to consumers; however, food characteristics of freshness, taste, safety and healthfulness were most important. The majority of consumers reported that they would be willing to pay 10–30% more for selected sustainably produced foods. Research results indicated that an 8–week in-store intervention was effective at increasing consumer awareness of the MWFA. However, a more powerful intervention (including a longer promotion period with more labeled foods) may be needed to induce shoppers to increase their purchases of sustainably produced foods promoted by the MWFA.
Antiferromagnetic order and possible quantum spin liquid in kagome antiferromagnet LuCu3(OH)6Br2[Br
x
(OH)1-x
]
Authors: Li Zezhong , Han Lankun , Sun Yili , Zhang Shanshan , Zeng Zhenyuan , Li Shiliang
Published: January 2025

Recent studies on the kagome lattice YCu3(OH)6+x
X3-x
(X = (Cl, Br)) have show promising evidence for the existence of a Dirac quantum spin liquid. We have synthesized a new compound LuCu3(OH)6Br2[Br
x
(OH)1-x
], which has two types of structures with two different space group, P
3
m1 and R
3. Type-I sample with the space group of P
3
m1 has undistorted Cu2+ kagome planes and orders magnetically below about 1.5 K. Type-II has a larger unit cell with the space group of R
3 and distorted kagome planes. No magnetic ordering is observed, and the low-temperature specific heat behaves like the Dirac quantum spin liquid, including the quadratic temperature dependence at zero field and an additional linear-T term under magnetic fields. By comparing the structures with YCu3(OH)6+x
X3-x
(X = Cl, Br), we show that the QSL ground state may have a deep connection with the J
⎔ - J - J' Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice.
Carrier Relaxation Times in InAs/AlAs Superlattices: Modulating by Layers, Temperature, and Carrier Concentrations
Authors: Zhang Enrui , Yao Jinshan , Geng Zhiming , Hou Yueying , Dai Jiayu , Lu Hong
Published: January 2025

The InAs/AlAs superlattice structures hold significant potential for application in low-noise avalanche photodetectors. With their performance in practical applications linked to their fundamental physical property of carrier relaxation time, this paper investigates the carrier relaxation times of InAs/AlAs superlattices across various mono-layers, temperatures, and carrier concentrations. Our investigation indicates that relaxation times span several tens of picoseconds, confirming that high-quality interfaces do not significantly reduce relaxation times in the manner that defect states might. Moreover, our study demonstrates that adjustments of the superlattice period can effectively modulate both the bandgap and carrier relaxation times, potentially impacting avalanche photodiode’s performance by altering electron-phonon interaction pathways and the bandgap width. We established that lower temperatures contribute to an increase in the bandgap and a suppression of high-frequency optical phonon vibrations, thereby lengthening relaxation times. Additionally, our observations indicate that in InAs/AlAs superlattices, the relaxation time increases as the excitation power increases, owing to the phonon bottleneck effect. These insights into InAs/AlAs superlattices’s carrier dynamics highlight its promising applicability in enhancing avalanche photodetectors, and may contribute to the optimized design of superlattices for specific application scenarios.
Absence of anomalous dissipation for weak solutions of the Maxwell–Stefan system
Authors: Berselli Luigi C , Georgiadis Stefanos , Tzavaras Athanasios E
Published: January 2025

In this paper we give a short and self-contained proof of the fact that weak solutions to the Maxwell–Stefan system automatically satisfy an entropy equality, establishing the absence of anomalous dissipation.
Comment on ‘CAM-QUS guided self-tuning modular CNNs with multi-loss functions for fully automated breast lesion classification in ultrasound images’
Authors: Żołek Norbert , Pawłowska Anna
Published: January 2025

An analysis of the methodology used by the authors of the commented article is presented and errors related to data preparation are pointed out.
Warm affine inflation
Authors: AlHallak Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

The warm inflationary scenario is investigated in the context of affine gravity formalism. A general framework is provided for studying different single-field potentials. Using the sphaleron mechanism we explain the continuous dissipation of the inflaton field into radiation, leading to the Γ = Γ0
T
3 dissipation coefficient. The treatment is performed in the weak and strong dissipation limits. We consider the quartic potential as a case study to provide a detailed study. Moreover, in this study, we discuss various constraints on inflationary models in general. We compare the theoretical results of the quartic potential model within warm inflation with the observational constraints from Planck 2018 and BICEP/Keck 2018, as presented by the tensor-to-scalar ratio, spectral index and the perturbation spectrum.
Unveiling the nonlinear dynamics of a rolling axion during inflation
Authors: Caravano Angelo , Peloso Marco
Published: January 2025

A spectator axion-gauge sector, minimally coupled to the inflaton, with the axion experiencing a momentary stage of fast roll during cosmological inflation, can generate unique signatures in primordial density fluctuations and the gravitational wave background. We present the first lattice simulation of this system using a novel hybrid numerical scheme. This approach solves the fully nonlinear dynamics of the axion-gauge sector while treating the gravitational interaction between the axion and inflaton linearly. Initially, we test the validity of the WKB approximation in the linear regime. We then investigate strong backreaction dynamics within the axion-gauge sector. Our findings reveal that backreaction significantly suppresses the growth of the gauge field and the amplitude of scalar perturbations. The simulation also allows us to analyze the non-Gaussianity of scalar fluctuations, including higher-order statistics. We show that, although non-Gaussianity is suppressed by strong backreaction, it remains higher than in the minimal model where the axion coincides with the inflaton. Our results highlight the need for simulations to make robust predictions to test against data from gravitational wave interferometers and large-scale structure surveys.
A novel liquid scintillation counter with single-photon elimination based on pulse width discrimination
Authors: Li Deyuan , Wei Ziyang , Zhang Pengpeng , Ma Yan , Zhang Hui , Li Hua , Zhang Xuanru , Wang Linjing
Published: January 2025

The liquid scintillation counting is widely used in α
and β nuclides activity measurements of atmospheric,
groundwater and biological samples, with the advantages of high
detection efficiency, easy sample preparation, reproducibility and
low cost. However, single photons caused by mixing of samples and
scintillation cocktails affect the accuracy of activity
measurements, especially for low energy β-nuclide such as
55Fe and 14C. A novel method to eliminate the single
photons based on the analysis of signal time characteristic was
developed and a liquid scintillation counter made of a fast time
response photomultiplier tube (PMT), a high-speed comparator, and a
field programmable gate array (FPGA) based activity measurement
system was designed. The FPGA based activity measurement system
consisted of pulse width measurement, pulse width discrimination,
activity calculation, and display modules. The accurate measurement
of pulse width was achieved by digital phase-shifting. The counter
was scaled and calibrated with standard 14C liquid
scintillation cocktails. The results show that for 14C liquid
scintillation samples with activities of
72.20 Bq and
732.37 Bq, the relative deviation
is less than 1 %.
A high repetition rate millimeter wavelength accelerator for an X-ray free-electron laser
Authors: Zholents A. , Baturin S. , Doran S. , Jansma W. , Fedurin M. , Kasa M. , Kusche K. , Lee S. , Nassiri A. , Piot P. , Popovic B. , Qian M. , Siy A. , Sorsher S. , Suthar K. , Trakhtenberg E. , Waldschmidt G. , Xu J.
Published: January 2025

A compact collinear wakefield accelerator has been designed for an X-ray free-electron laser capable of operating at a pulse repetition rate in the tens of kilohertz. The maximum achievable accelerating gradient has been determined, with its limitation linked to beam breakup instability. The fabrication techniques for the principal components of the accelerator including wakefield generation, couplers for excess power extraction and diagnostics, focusing quadrupoles, and a novel undulator have been discussed. Results from various laboratory and beam-based tests on these components have been compared to their original design specifications and demonstrated very good agreement. A preliminary design for the XFEL has been presented, featuring a novel small-period, force-neutral, adjustable-phase undulator.
Measurements of proton hardness factors in silicon at energies between 10 MeV and 25 MeV
Authors: Liu E. , Chisholm A. , Gonella L. , Hunter A.
Published: January 2025

Silicon detector technologies are often employed for high
energy particle physics applications due to their excellent
radiation hardness. Radiation damage in the form of bulk or
substrate damage is dependent on the incident particle species and
energy. The fluence is therefore often quoted as the 1 MeV neutron
equivalent fluence, with hardness factors being the scaling
quantity. The hardness factor can be determined by analysing the
change in the leakage current of silicon pad diodes
post-irradiation. Using the MC40 cyclotron facility at the
University of Birmingham, n-in-p FZ silicon pad diodes were
irradiated to several fluence points at three different proton beam
energies. The hardness factors acquired were 3.07 ± 0.37 for
10.5 MeV protons, 2.73 ± 0.27 for 16.4 MeV protons and
2.19 ± 0.22 for 24.3 MeV protons. The value for 16.4 MeV
protons agrees with the theoretical predictions, whereas the values
for 10.5 MeV and 24.3 MeV are lower than predicted by the same
calculations.
Prototype design of a digital Low-Level RF system for S3FEL S-band Transverse Deflecting Cavities
Authors: Zhu Jinfu , Ding Hongli , Li Haokui , Shao Jiahang , Yu Yong , Li Zongbin , Yang Jiayue , Chen Zhichao , Wu Guorong , Zhang Weiqing
Published: January 2025

Transverse Deflecting Cavities (TDCs) are generally adopted for electron beam diagnosis. Three sets of S-band and two sets of X-band TDCs are planned at Shenzhen Superconducting Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (S3FEL) to accurately measure the temporal distribution of ultra-short electron bunches. The microwave system of one TDC consisting of a Low-Level Radio-Frequency system (LLRF), a solid-state amplifier, a klystron, and several waveguide couplers is operated in pulse mode with a maximum repetition rate of 50 Hz. Its microwave stabilities for amplitude and phase are required to be better than 0.05%/0.05∘ (RMS). This article will introduce the prototype design of the hardware, firmware, and software of the digital LLRF system for S-band TDCs. We use a homemade local oscillator and commercial cards based on the MicroTCA standard in hardware design. The firmware design will use an IQ demodulation and a reference-tracking algorithm to eliminate the measurement noise and drift. The software design is based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS), achieving data acquisition, slow control, and interface display functions. This technical report will also show some preliminary test results.
Enhancing osteogenic properties with gelatin/chitosan hydrogel encapsulating lithium-coated titanium oxide hollow sphere particles loaded with quercetin
Authors: Wang Qingjie , Zhang Liang
Published: January 2025

Metallic oxides especially lithium and titanium oxides are well known for their osteogenic properties. When combined in the right proportions, metallic oxides can have an even greater impact. However, releasing ions from oxides can lead to oxidative stress, which is harmful to cell growth. By reducing oxidative stress, we can enhance these ions' therapeutic and bone-forming properties. In our study, we have developed a novel combination of titanium oxide coated with lithium oxide to release ions simultaneously. We engineered hollow sphere titanium oxide particles to carry Quercetin (QC), a natural antioxidant. These particles were then incorporated into a gelatin/chitosan-based hydrogel, which was further functionalized with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which induced conductivity and improved mechanical properties. In drug release experiments, we found that QC was released steadily from the hydrogel, in contrast to a control group where the drug was simply mixed in with hydrogel indicating the significance of a secondary carrier. Additionally, our cytotoxicity tests demonstrated the importance of delivering QC alongside lithium and titanium ions, as this combination reduced toxicity and enhanced bone-forming activity. Finally, our study showed that the hydrogel containing drug-loaded hollow sphere particles was able to promote bone formation, as evidenced by osteogenic differentiation studies. This innovative approach holds promise for improving bone regeneration therapies in the future.
Need for judicious selection of runoff inputs in a global flood model
Authors: Parmar Jayesh , Mohanty Mohit Prakash , Karmakar Subhankar
Published: January 2025

Numerous flood hazard assessment and risk management studies depend on hydrodynamic flood models, which require detailed inputs. However, these models face challenges when assessing flood hazards and risks at national scales due to the unavailability of input data and high computational demands. Recent advancements in global flood models (GFMs) have emerged as promising solutions. These widely adopted GFMs, capable of producing flood characteristics, require runoff input typically derived from land surface models (LSMs) or global hydrological models (GHMs), which are prone to inherit cascading uncertainties. Moreover, the utilization of a single runoff input into a GFM can produce biased and misinterpreted flood hazards due to underestimation or overestimation of GFM outputs. To highlight these implications, the present study examines GFM simulations forced with eight state-of-the-art model runoff datasets, including LSMs, GHMs, and reanalysis observations, uncovering unsafe inter-model flood depth variation (IMDV). Focusing on the flood-prone Mahanadi River Basin (MRB) of India, the study observes that IMDV surpasses the self-help range of humans (0.2 m) for 65% of the MRB region, and exceeds human and vehicle safety thresholds (2 m) for 15% of the region, based on four past flood events from the Dartmouth Flood Observatory. These regions exhibiting high IMDV overlap with densely populated areas, potentially affecting 1.66–3.65 million people. Thus, the injudicious use of runoff in GFM for flood disaster planning can lead to inaccurate flood hazard and risk assessments, significantly affecting populous regions. An alternative approach is recommended, advocating for the use of multiple simulations incorporating diverse runoff datasets. This approach would generate conservative and optimistic flood scenarios, leveraging each model’s strengths. Such comprehensive hazard scenarios would enhance flood management and decision-making for policymakers by addressing the uncertainty and providing possible impacts through risk assessments.
Long-term forecasting for climate classification using hybrid backpropagation relevance vector machine algorithm
Authors: Syaharuddin  , Fatmawati  , Suprajitno H
Published: January 2025

Climate forecasting and classification are essential in planning cropping patterns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the condition of hydro-climatological data for the last 10 years and determine the trend of the data and determine the climate classification. The forecasting process utilizes a long-term forecasting method based on a hybrid backpropagation-relevance vector machine (BP-RVM) algorithm. The architecture parameters consist of three hidden layers (36-73-38-19-1), learning rate 0.1, momentum 0.9, and RBF gamma of 0.01. The forecasting results show that the BP-RVM algorithm has an average accuracy level with a category of “high accurate forecasting”. The climate classification in the Central Lombok region, Indonesia is D4 climate (slightly dry category). The increase in rainfall volume and temperature from year to year has a strong correlation with a decrease in air humidity, wind speed, and length of sunshine. The results of this study can be utilized as a basis for planning cropping patterns and handling the water needs of crops grown in the dry season. Therefore, farmers can determine the amount of water needed from dams or watersheds due to evaporation that occurs during the growing season.
Dynamic analysis of stomata characteristics in red chili plants using plant factories
Authors: Putra G M D , Sutiarso L , Nugroho A P , Ngadisih
Published: January 2025

This research aimed to develop a dynamic model to simulate the stomata behavior of red chili plants (Capsicum annuum) in response to environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, and humidity in a plant factory setting. The methodology involved utilizing Vensim PLE 7.35 software to create a dynamic system model with a causal loop diagram (CLD) to describe the relationships among the influencing variables. Data was collected from chili plants cultivated in a controlled growth chamber, and various climate-related factors were analyzed, including light intensity, temperature, and humidity. Stomata behavior was simulated using a flow diagram, followed by applying equations to each variable to generate a dynamic model representing stomata opening and closing under different light conditions. The model was validated against real-world data using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) method, revealing error rates of 6.86% for stomata pore area and higher rates for other variables like light intensity. Despite achieving high accuracy in modeling stomata behavior, the model’s elevated MAPE values indicate the need for further refinement to enhance its predictive capabilities in practical applications. This methodology optimized environmental control for sustainable crop production in plant factories.
Exploratory analysis of protein detection using refractive index in a one-dimensional ternary photonic crystal
Authors: Ramanujam Nambi Ramachary , Ben Khalifa Sana , Chebaane Saleh , Ayyanar Natesan , Skibina Julia S , Saidani Taoufik
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the highly sensitive detection capabilities of albumin using a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal. A novel biophotonic sensor is proposed featuring a cavity layer sandwiched between five identical periods of ternary layers composed of MgF2/Si/PSi on each side. The transfer matrix method is employed to examine the sensing parameters based on the transmission characteristics of the proposed sensor. A defect mode emerges in the transmission spectrum when the sample infiltrates the cavity layer. The performance of the biosensor is evaluated by noting the shift in the position of the defect mode, which is dependent on the concentration and varies with the refractive index of the sample. The effects of variations in the incident angle and the thickness of the cavity layer for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization are carefully investigated to achieve the highest sensor sensitivity. For the proposed structure, a high sensitivity of 2009.64

nm

RI

U

−
1

and a limit of detection of 9.698 × 10−7 RIU are achieved, surpassing recent efforts in this research area. Additionally, the proposed device’s affordability, real-time detection capabilities, and simple construction favor the development of an effective device using straightforward techniques.