bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching and learning clinical reasoning skill in undergraduate medical students: A scoping review
Authors: Delavari Somayeh , Barzkar Farzaneh , M. J. P. Rikers Remy , Pourahmadi Mohammadreza , Soltani Arabshahi Seyed Kamran , Keshtkar Abbasali , Dargahi Helen , Yaghmaei Minoo , Monajemi Alireza
Published: October 2024

Background

Clinical reasoning involves the application of knowledge and skills to collect and integrate information, typically to arrive at a diagnosis, implement appropriate interventions, solve clinical problems, and improve the quality of health care and patient outcomes. It is a vital competency that medical students must acquire, as it is considered the heart of medicine.

Purpose

This scoping review aimed to identify and summarize the existing literature on learning and teaching strategies for improving clinical reasoning skill in undergraduate medical education.

Methods

We conducted electronic searches in Scopus, PubMed/Medline (NLM), Web of Science (WOS), and ERIC to retrieve articles published between January 1, 2010, and March 23, 2024. We also performed hand searches by scanning the reference lists of included studies and similar reviews and searching three key journals. After removing duplicates, two reviewers independently extracted data from primary articles using a standard data extraction form. The authors used Arksey and O’Malley’s framework.

Results

Among the 46581 retrieved records, 54 full-text articles were included in the present review. We categorized the educational strategies based on their aspects, focus, and purpose. Included studies used various educational strategies for improving clinical reasoning skill in undergraduate medical education by serial cue or whole clinical cases that presented as process-oriented or knowledge-oriented.

Conclusion

This scoping review investigated various dimensions of educational intervention for improving clinical reasoning skill in undergraduate medical education. There is a need for more precision studies with larger sample sizes, designing studies according to randomized controlled trials standards, determining MCID, or performing meta-analyses to acquire robust and conclusive results.
Wildlife density estimation by distance sampling: A novel technique with movement compensation
Authors: Morgan David G. , Gibbens John R. , Conway Ed T. , Hepworth Graham , Clough James
Published: October 2024

Estimates of population density are fundamental to wildlife conservation and management. Distance sampling from line transects is a widely used sample count method and is most often analysed using Distance software. However, this method has limited capabilities with mobile populations (e.g., birds), which tend to encounter an observer more often than immobile ones. This paper presents a novel distance sampling method based on a different set of models and assumptions, named WildlifeDensity after its associated software. It is based on mechanistic modelling of visual detections of individuals or groups according to radial distance from the observer or perpendicular distance from the transect line. It also compensates for population–observer relative movement to avoid the detection overestimates associated with highly mobile populations. The models are introduced in detail and then tested in three ways: 1) WildlifeDensity is applied to several ‘benchmark’ populations of known density and no-to-low mobility, 2) the movement compensation model is tested on two highly mobile songbird populations, and 3) a fairly difficult case is analysed: a low-density, highly mobile bird population in a forest habitat. The results show that 1) using either radial or perpendicular distance data from surveys of immobile populations, WildlifeDensity provides similar estimates (and errors) to Distance, with radial WildlifeDensity analysis appearing to be slightly better for surveys of low-mobility populations (kangaroos), 2) the movement compensation model effectively removes the correlation between observer speed and detection numbers, and 3) WildlifeDensity provides acceptable estimates where conventional Distance analysis overestimates density due to high movement. In summary, WildlifeDensity extends the capabilities of distance sampling by 1) compensating for movement, 2) not requiring complete detectability on the transect line and 3) supporting the use of radial distances, which simplifies fieldwork and increases measurement accuracy.
The association between dietary carbohydrate intake and the risk of hyperlipidemia among reproductive-aged women in the US: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Minli , Zhang Qiuping , Lin Yuan , Zhang Danwei , Cao Hua
Published: October 2024

Background

The association between dietary carbohydrate intake and hyperlipidemia remained incompletely understood. This study aimed to explore the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and the risk of hyperlipidemia among reproductive-aged women in the US.

Methods

The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2005 to 2020. Dietary intake information was assessed via interviews using 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and hyperlipidemia diagnosis adhered to the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, along with restricted cubic splines (RCS) and stratified analyses, were conducted to investigate the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and the risk of hyperlipidemia.

Results

A total of 6,791 women of reproductive age, with a mean age of 34.87 (±8.57) years, were included in the final analysis. In the multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for covariates, a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrate was positively correlated with the risk of hyperlipidemia (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.014, 95% CI: 1.004–1.024). Analyzing the percentage of energy from carbohydrate as a categorical variable, compared to the lowest quartile, the third quartile (AOR: 1.263, 95% CI: 1.031–1.546) and the highest quartile (AOR: 1.411, 95% CI: 1.083–1.839) were associated with increased hyperlipidemia risk. Additionally, a linear relationship (P for nonlinearity = 0.088) existed between the percentage of energy from carbohydrate and the risk of hyperlipidemia, with an inflection point identified at 49.64.

Conclusions

This study found that elevated dietary carbohydrate intake was associated with an increased the risk of hyperlipidemia in reproductive-aged women. These findings implied that reproductive-aged women should pay closer attention to reducing their carbohydrate intake.
Sociodemographic characteristics, community engagement and stigma among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) who attend MSM-led versus public sexual health clinics: A cross-sectional survey in China
Authors: Huon Christina , Marley Gifty , Tan Rayner Kay Jin , Wu Dan , Sheng Qilei , Liu Ye , Byrne Margaret Elizabeth , Tang Qiwen , Mu Rong , Wang Cheng , Yang Ligang , Wang Tong , Tang Weiming , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: October 2024

Community-based sexual health services are recommended to increase sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing among men who have sex with men (MSM). Pilot study data from multiple sites found that MSM in Guangzhou who use public STD clinics were found to have different sociodemographic characteristics, lower community engagement, and increased social cohesion, compared to MSM who use MSM-led clinics.
Impact of prior cancer history on the prognosis of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Qian , Huang Tao , Wei Xudong
Published: October 2024

Our goal was to assess the impact of prior cancer history on the prognosis of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). We searched the SEER database to retrospectively enroll patients with ENKTCL. The effects of cancer history on overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed using the Cox model. A total of 691 patients were included, of whom 54 (7.8%) had prior histories of cancer. The most common solid malignancy was bone/soft tissue sarcoma. Most secondary ENKTCL cases occurred within 5–9 years following the first cancer diagnosis. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy had been administered to 45 and 40 patients, respectively, to treat their previous malignancies. Prior cancer history had little impact on DSS; however, the presence of prior solid cancer history, latency period of 10+ years, and prior administration of radiotherapy or chemotherapy significantly decreased OS. Prior cancer history had no effect on DSS, but survival compromised OS under specific circumstances.
Association between self-reported napping and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Wang Meng , Xiang Xin , Zhao Zhengyan , liu Yu , Cao Yang , Guo Weiwei , Hou Linlin , Jiang Qiuhuan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This meta-analysis aims to assess the association between adult nap duration and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched to identify eligible studies. The quality of observational studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We performed all statistical analyses using Stata software version 14.0. For the meta-analysis, we calculated hazard ratio (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To assess publication bias, we used a funnel plot and Egger’s test.

Results

A total of 21 studies involving 371,306 participants revealed varying methodological quality, from moderate to high. Those who indulged in daytime naps faced a significantly higher mortality risk than non-nappers (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.18–1.38; I2 = 38.8%; P<0.001). Napping for less than 1 hour showed no significant association with mortality (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.90–1.11; I2 = 62.6%; P = 0.971). However, napping for 1 hour or more correlated with a 1.22-fold increased risk of mortality (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12–1.33; I2 = 40.0%; P<0.001). The risk of CVD associated with napping was 1.18 times higher than that of non-nappers (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.02–1.38; I2 = 87.9%; P = 0.031). Napping for less than 1 hour did not significantly impact CVD risk (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.87–1.12; I2 = 86.4%; P = 0.721). However, napping for 1 hour or more was linked to a 1.37-fold increased risk of CVD (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.09–1.71; I2 = 68.3%; P = 0.007).

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis indicates that taking a nap increases the risk of overall mortality and CVD mortality. It highlights that the long duration time of the nap can serve as a risk factor for evaluating both overall mortality and cardiovascular mortality.
Effect of telomere shortening on disease progression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Ma Ze , Kang Liang , Yang Liu
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a major public health challenge worldwide. In recent years, it has been discovered that a link between telomere shortening and disease progression in IBD patients has been present. However, there is controversy as to whether telomere shortening precipitates disease progression or disease progression causes telomere shortening. There is also a shortage of systematic reviews and data synthesis to explain the association between telomere shortening and disease progression in individuals with IBD. We aimed to systematically review the association between telomere shortening and disease advancement in individuals with IBD to inform future studies.

Methods and analysis

We will undertake a thorough search of the electronic database from the beginning until December 31, 2023. We will search the databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang Database (Wanfang), CMB, Cochrane Library, Cochran Clinical Trials Registry, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Two reviewers will assess the discovered citations for eligibility based on the title and abstract before proceeding to the full-text and data extraction phases. These reviewers will debate and settle any conflicts that arise during the inclusion process; a third reviewer will settle any issues that remain. The validated data extraction form will be used to collect data for eligible research. The included studies will undergo a quality and bias check and will proceed meta-analysis.

Discussion

This systematic review and meta-analysis will reveal a positive correlation between illness progression and telomere shortening in individuals with IBD, perhaps demonstrating three causal links between them. This study will conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis examining the correlation between telomere shortening and illness advancement in individuals with IBD. Exploring the connection between these two situations can enhance the comprehension of the development and advancement of IBD.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024501171.
Low-molecular-weight heparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism among patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Haizheng , Wu Zhiguo , Zhang Hongyu , Qiu Baohua , Wang Yajun
Published: October 2024

Objective

It remains unclear whether low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is effective and safe for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. This study presents a meta-analysis for elucidating effect of LMWH on preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) among ICH patients.

Methods

Articles were located by systematically searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG DATA, VIP, and SinoMed databases. The literature was independently screened by two authors, who also extracted data and conducted a qualitative evaluation. With regard to outcomes, their risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed, and the findings were combined using the random effects model by using Mantel-Haenszel approach.

Results

30 studies involving 2904 patients were analyzed and compared to control group. According to our findings, early low-dose LMWH, prophylaxis for VTE, was related to the markedly reduced deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (3.6% vs. 17.5%; RR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.18–0.35; p-value<0.00001) and pulmonary embolism (PE) (0.4% vs. 3.2%; RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14–0.57; p-value = 0.003), while the non-significantly increased hematoma progression (3.8% vs. 3.4%; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.68–1.68; p-value = 0.79) and gastrointestinal bleeding (3.6% vs. 6.1%; RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.31–1.28; p-value = 0.20). Also, mortality (14.1% vs. 15.8%; RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.63–1.28; p-value = 0.55) did not show any significant difference in LMWH compared with control groups.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis suggested that early low-dose of LMWH are safe and effective in ICH patients. More extensive, multicenter, high-quality randomized clinical trials (RCTs) should be conducted to validate the findings and inform clinical practice.
Associations between environmental factors and running performance: An observational study of the Berlin Marathon
Authors: Weiss Katja , Valero David , Villiger Elias , Scheer Volker , Thuany Mabliny , Aidar Felipe J. , de Souza Raphael Fabrício , Cuk Ivan , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat
Published: October 2024

Extensive research has delved into the impact of environmental circumstances on the pacing and performance of professional marathon runners. However, the effects of environmental conditions on the pacing strategies employed by marathon participants in general remain relatively unexplored. This study aimed to examine the potential associations between various environmental factors, encompassing temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloud cover, wind speed, and dew point, and the pacing behavior of men and women. The retrospective analysis involved a comprehensive dataset comprising records from a total of 668,509 runners (520,521 men and 147,988 women) who participated in the ’Berlin Marathon’ events between the years 1999 and 2019. Through correlations, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and machine learning (ML) methods, we investigated the relationships between adjusted average temperature values, barometric pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloud cover, wind speed, and dew point, and their impact on race times and paces. This analysis was conducted across distinct performance groups, segmented by 30-minute intervals, for race durations between 2 hours and 30 minutes to 6 hours. The results revealed a noteworthy negative correlation between rising temperatures and declining humidity throughout the day and the running speed of marathon participants in the ’Berlin Marathon.’ This effect was more pronounced among men than women. The average pace for the full race showed positive correlations with temperature and minutes of sunshine for both men and women. However, it is important to note that the predictive capacity of our model, utilizing weather variables as predictors, was limited, accounting for only 10% of the variance in race pace. The susceptibility to temperature and humidity fluctuations exhibited a discernible increase as the marathon progressed. While weather conditions exerted discernible influences on running speeds and outcomes, they did not emerge as significant predictors of pacing.
Enhancing bridge damage detection with Mamba-Enhanced HRNet for semantic segmentation
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Deyuan , Xu Xin
Published: October 2024

With the acceleration of urbanization, bridges, as crucial infrastructure, their structural health and stability are paramount to public safety. This paper proposes Mamba-Enhanced HRNet for bridge damage detection. Mamba-Enhanced HRNet integrates the advantages of HRNet’s multi-resolution parallel design and VMamba’s visual state space model. By replacing the residual convolutional blocks in HRNet with a combination of VSS blocks and convolution, this model enhances the network’s capability to capture global contextual information while maintaining computational efficiency. This work builds an extensive dataset with multiple damage kinds and uses Mean Intersection over Union (Mean IoU) as the assessment metric to assess the performance of Mamba-Enhanced HRNet. Experimental results demonstrate that Mamba-Enhanced HRNet achieves significant performance improvements in bridge damage semantic segmentation tasks, with Mean IoU scores of 0.963, outperforming several other semantic segmentation models.
Comparison of passive and manual chlorination in small piped water networks in rural Ghana: Technical performance, ease-of-use, and cost
Authors: Delaire Caroline , Marshall Katherine , Usowicz Michal , Mahin Tom , Kwaah Daniel , Yachori Bashiru , Schnabel Bastian , Khush Ranjiv , Peletz Rachel
Published: October 2024

Chlorination is the most common water treatment method globally and leads to proven health benefits. Yet, many rural water supplies in low-income settings are unchlorinated, exposing consumers to waterborne diseases. Insufficient technical and financial capacity of water suppliers in low-resource settings are common barriers to more widespread chlorination. We conducted a case study of two approaches to chlorinate small piped water supplies− passive (inline) chlorination and manual chlorination− and compared their technical performance, ease-of-use, and costs in rural Ghana. Based on 685 water quality measurements across two piped networks over three months, both methods provided adequate free chlorine residuals (i.e., 0.2–2.0 mg/L) most of the time (71% for manual chlorination and 86% for passive chlorination). Follow-up measurements five months later revealed a decline in chlorine levels with the manual approach (47% in the target range) and an increase with the passive (inline) approach (100% in the target range). We observed large fluctuations in chlorine levels over time, particularly with inline chlorination, that pH, temperature, conductivity, and turbidity variations did not fully explain. Temporal changes in chlorine demand and/or inconsistently implemented protocols possibly contributed to these fluctuations. Inline chlorination scored higher for ease-of-use (85%) than manual chlorination (70%) but was less financially viable: it represented an 11% increase in operational expenses, compared to 4% for manual chlorination. Initial equipment and installation cost approximately 6,000 USD for inline chlorination and about 260 USD for manual chlorination. Our results highlight the tradeoffs between passive (inline) and manual chlorination. Although less favorable for ease-of-use, manual chlorination is more viable financially and can achieve comparable performance with strict dosing protocol adherence, suggesting this approach deserves similar consideration as passive chlorination when evaluating options for low-resource settings. Both methods are susceptible to changes in operator behaviors and require external oversight plus support for troubleshooting and recalibration.
Apuntes sobre Hannah Arendt como historiadora de la cultura
Authors: Fuster Peiró À. Lorena
Published: October 2024

Este artículo pretende abrir una vía de investigación para explorar en qué sentido la metodología y algunas de las obras de Hannah Arendt pueden ser interpretadas como formas de historia cultural. Esta primera incursión se realizará, en especial, a partir del estudio de tres escritos que coinciden en su época de publicación Rahel Varnhagen (1957), La condición humana (1958) y «Cultura y política» (1959) y que tratan desde diferentes aristas el tema de la relación entre la cultura y la política: desde el vínculo entre la socialización de la cultura y la asimilación judía, desde la posición del arte en las actividades de la vita activa y desde la  su teoría política y sus reflexiones sobre la crisis en la cultura.
Los consejos ciudadanos en las democracias contemporáneas: propuestas arendtianas
Authors: Sánchez Muñoz Cristina
Published: October 2024

El texto aborda la crisis contemporánea de la democracia representativa y explora alternativas como los consejos populares, desde la perspectiva de Hannah Arendt. Se examinan las distintas formas que presentan los consejos a lo largo de su obra, y se señalan los distintos objetivos que cumplen. Una segunda parte del trabajo se centra en exponer dos ejemplos de consejos populares en sentido arendtiano: el movimiento del 15M en España, y la Asamblea Constituyente en Chile, de 2020. Ambos procesos reflejan las dificultades que Arendt vislumbraba en su análisis de los consejos.
El potencial transformador del cuerpo: Arendt y el pensamiento afroamericano y franco-caribeño del siglo XX ante el amor como apuesta política
Authors: Madrid Nuria Sánchez
Published: October 2024

Este escrito se propone valorar las razones por las que Arendt rechaza al amor como fuente de actividad política, al considerarla más bien una pasión que impide a los seres humanos atender al mundo común. Propongo con este fin abrir un diálogo entre Arendt y algunas voces del movimiento negro por los derechos civiles y del feminismo afroamericano del siglo XX. La intención principal es identificar algunos puntos ciegos del análisis del amor de Arendt a la luz de las aportaciones de autores como James Baldwin, Frantz Fanon, Audre Lorde y bell hooks. Este diálogo incide en la potencialidad política de la corporalidad y de las emociones para generar nuevos marcos de convivencia civil en sociedades históricamente golpeadas por la violencia racial, pues ambas muestran dimensiones de transformación reveladoras para una revisión normativa del derecho universal a la agencia política.
Unveiling the role of frugal and digital capabilities in the financing of deep tech startups
Authors: Diógenes Keully Cristynne Aquino , Martins Ana Carolina , Pavani Claudia , Borini Felipe , Plonski Guilherme
Published: October 2024

Objective: Showcasing the Role of Digital Technologies, Frugal Innovation, and Imitability Attributes in Attracting Investments in Deep Tech Startups in an Emerging Economy. Methodology/approach: The primary data for this research were obtained from a sample of 216 deep tech startups from various sectors, located in São Paulo. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling through the Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) method. Main results: Private investors are attracted to digital technologies and the attribute of being difficult to imitate. However, although there is a positive association between the capacity for frugal innovation and the hard-to-imitate attribute, no indirect effects of this capacity on investments were identified. Theoretical/methodological contributions: Focusing on emerging economies, this study contributes to the literature that investigates which factors explain investments in deep tech startups. Moreover, it contributes to the literature linking frugal innovation and technological complexity. Relevance/originality: Deep tech startups require substantial financial resources; however, in emerging markets, there is a scarcity of investment resources. Based on the RBV (Resource-Based View), this research demonstrates which capabilities are able to arouse the interest of private investors in the context of emerging economies. Social/management contributions: For entrepreneurs, the research highlights the importance of digital technologies in attracting investments. For investors and public policy makers, the study emphasizes the association of the capacity for frugal innovation with the attribute of imitability in deep tech startups.
Atalhos, Rupturas e Veredas No Percurso de Vida
Authors: Sposito Marilia Pontes
Published: October 2024

Narrar o percurso de vida de modo a sistematizar alguns de seus momentos capitais não é tarefa fácil. Não se tata de um relato sem desvios, como se os caminhos percorridos estivessem submetidos a uma linearidade temporal facilmente identificável e mensurável.
Recentemente, ao ler um texto redigido por Gianfranco Bettin Lattes (2021) no momento em que encerrava suas atividades como editor da revista italiana Società Mutamento Politica, confesso que fui afetada pelo modo como o pesquisador tratou o tempo e sua multiplicidade, com base no pensamento grego.
Reli, movida por essa temática, o texto Júlio Groppa Aquino (2017) apresentado em seu concurso de títulos e provas para provimento de cargo de Professor Titular da Faculdade de Educação da USP.
Seguridad y defensa. Relaciones entre la Unión Europea y El Magreb
Authors: Hernández Moreno María
Published: October 2024

Las relaciones desde el punto de vista de la seguridad entre la Unión Europea y el Magreb son actualmente uno de los temas principales de la agenda comunitaria en su acción exterior. Desde el «Proceso de Barcelona» a finales de la década de los noventa de la pasada centuria, la Unión Europea consideró primordial contar con relaciones fluidas con la orilla meridional del Mediterráneo. Por ello, este libro pretende aportar una visión transversal de las siempre complejas relaciones euro-mediterráneas desde el punto de vista de la seguridad y la defensa. De esta manera, se abordarán diversas temáticas cruciales para comprender esta relación, contando con la perspectiva euromagrebí, bien como con visión interna de la región del Magreb. Así, en el primer caso, se analizarán cuestiones como el especial rol de España en los procesos geopolíticos en debate, el rol del Parlamento Europeo, así como el papel de esta región en la transición climática abordada desde la Unión Europea, en su proceso de ampliación o en las políticas contra la trata de seres humanos. Desde el segundo caso se pondrá el acento en aspectos como las relaciones entre los propios países conformantes de esta área, la rivalidad entre Argelia y Marruecos por el liderazgo regional, o el concepto de «Gran Magreb» como complejo regional de seguridad. En definitiva, con esta obra se pretende arrojar claridad a las relaciones de la Unión Europea consideradas clave para el propio proyecto europeo, con enfoque en los temas vinculados a la defensa, así como para países como España por su especial situación geográfica.
Coming and Going: The Women of T.S. Eliot
Authors: Butcher Ian
Published: October 2024

There were four influential women in Eliot's life: two wives, two women who believed that one day he would marry them, and a brief affair of which he was deeply ashamed. New evidence of some 1,131 letters sent by Eliot to one of the women, Emily Hale, available to scholars after a fifty-year embargo imposed by Eliot, throws dramatic new light on T.S. Eliot the man, and also major insights into his poetry.[i] Eliot destroyed her replies, perhaps in order to protect his reputation. Eliot claimed that poetry should be transformed into an impersonal statement, but his poetry was not as 'impersonal' as he alleged, but replete with personal incidents from his private life with his women. His troubled first wife “nearly was the death of me, but she kept the poet alive”. Emily – his first platonic, lifelong love who lived in America – was his poem’s “hyacinth girl”; Mary was a friend he frequented in England for drives in the car, domestic dinners and culture. He finally found true happiness, and the ability to write erotic verse, when he married Valerie, thirty-eight years his junior, and with whom he found contentment in his twilight years. He also had a brief affair with Nancy Cunard, of which he was deeply ashamed. The aim of this paper is to show the various major influences these four women had on Eliot’s life and work. Focus will mainly be on Prufrock, The Waste Land, and Four Quartets.
The unusual DAO: An ethnography of building trust in “trustless” spaces
Authors: Merk Tara
Published: October 2024

Blockchains have been discussed as a response to the decline of trust for as long as the technology exists. This paper expands the discourse on trust in blockchains to decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs), novel forms of organisation deployed on top of a blockchain. I show how core tenets about trust in blockchains are mirrored in the design of DAOs. Echoing Nissenbaum’s call to nourish trust online, an ethnographic case study of the blockchain art collective DADA exemplifies how DAOs may be designed differently to allow for trust to emerge. The paper contributes to the scholarly debate on trust in blockchains, by extending it to the layer of DAOs and describing various avenues for further research and builds a more nuanced understanding of DAOs as a modular framework to address declining trust online. Overall, the findings indicate how the affordances of DAOs can be expanded to encompass both “trustless” organisation and trusted online communities.
Restricting access to AI decision-making in the public interest: The justificatory role of proportionality and its balancing factors
Authors: Warthon Margaret
Published: October 2024

In the European Union, individuals subject to fully automated AI-based decisions by the government have the right to request access to the processing information under Article 15(1)(h) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). However, this right may be restricted on public interest grounds, such as preventing system manipulation to ensure the effectiveness of the law or reducing excessive burdens on public officials to maintain efficiency in government operations. The principle of proportionality is a key instrument to assess the legality and legitimacy of such restrictions, yet its application has been largely overlooked in discussions concerning the competing public interests under Article 15(1)(h) of the GDPR. This paper draws on legal and interdisciplinary scholarship, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) to explore the role of proportionality and its balancing factors in shaping justifications for public interest restrictions on the data protection right of access to AI decision-making information.
Arvydas Šliogeris’ Perspective on Place: Shaping the Cosmopolis for a Sustainable Presence
Authors: Daknys Mantas , Kardelis Naglis
Published: October 2024

This article explores the Lithuanian philosophical conception of philotopy by Arvydas Šliogeris, which, emphasizing the significance of place and experience, imposes limits on Nihil. Philotopy, as conceived by Šliogeris, is a novel method of contemporary philosophy, it is a possible answer to present-day challenges, both existential and environmental. The cosmopolis, as a concentration of things close to humans, primarily allows them to realize their finitude, similar to their place and the things closest to them. Consequently, this realization of the infinity of virtuality extends to an awareness of language as Nihilistic equipment. This mode of thinking also proves to be ecologically beneficial, as it de-virtualizes the individual and establishes a cosmopolis, which remains the beacon of hope and the source of the will to return to the surface of things – because only there can one experience a sparing fullness. This work seeks to illustrate that the fundamental relationship with a place is shaped during childhood, often rooted in the home. Tuan’s phenomenological approach justifies the formation of philotopian thinking and its legitimacy. This article argues that the place becomes determinative not only through the relationship where one becomes accustomed to coexisting with the Other, but also in shaping the vocabulary. Research reveals that language, as the fundamental plane of connection with the world, is influenced by place.
Estudio de isótopos estables (D, 18O) de la precipitación y agua termal-subterránea en la parte central de la Cuenca Alta del Río Laja, Guanajuato, México
Authors: Ramírez-González Lucía Magali , Puy-Aquiza María Jesús , Li Yanmei
Published: October 2024

Se analizó la composición isotópica (d18O y dD) de la precipitación en tres estaciones al centro de la Cuenca Alta del Río Laja durante los años 2022 y 2023. Las regresiones de los datos dieron las siguientes ecuaciones de líneas meteóricas locales: precipitación 2022 dD = 7.349 d18O + 0.693 y precipitación 2023 dD = 4.72 d18O – 7.175. La línea meteórica local del 2022 es congruente con las líneas meteóricas mundial, mexicana y de la Cuenca de México. La línea meteórica local del 2023 refleja las condiciones del fenómeno meteorológico de El Niño, con composiciones isotópicas más pesadas. Las composiciones isotópicas de las aguas termales-subterráneas indican un origen meteórico, sin enriquecimiento en d18O.
Apalutamide-induced severe hypothyroidism: case series and practice recommendations for thyroid management
Authors: David Karel , Van Crombrugge Paul , Van der Biest Anne-Marie , D’Hondt Frederiek , Claessens Frank , Giesen Alexander , Joniau Steven , Decallonne Brigitte
Published: October 2024

The androgen receptor signaling inhibitor apalutamide is used successfully for the treatment of prostate cancer. An increased risk of hypothyroidism, mostly subclinical, has been reported in the SPARTAN and TITAN trials. We present three cases of subacute deterioration of previously known but well-controlled hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine, occurring shortly after the initiation of treatment with apalutamide, resulting in severe hypothyroidism. These cases highlight the importance of awareness of thyroid dysfunction during treatment with apalutamide, particularly in patients with pre-existing thyroid disease, common in the general population. We provide practice recommendations for thyroid management prior to and during apalutamide treatment as well as after the interruption of this therapy.
Preliminary study of synthesis and characterization of biodegradable avocado seed starch-chitosan plastic with glycerol plasticizer
Authors: Perwitasari Dyah S. , Fauziyah Nur A. , Pesra Risada H. , Putu Ni L.
Published: October 2024

Mechanical characteristics were studied for biodegradable plastics derived from avocado seed starch, emphasizing the influence of chitosan and glycerol. The extraction of starch from avocado seeds began with filtration. Different amounts of glycerol and chitosan were added to the extracted starch of up to 3% by weight. Because this method just uses distilled water instead of chemical chemicals, it was highly environmentally friendly. Tensile testing was done on the generated samples to assess the mechanical properties of this bioplastic; the results indicated that the samples’ elongation rates ranged from 21.9% to 134.7%. In spite of this, the bioplastic showed a comparatively low tensile strength, peaking at 3,381 MPa when chitosan-starch ratio was 2:1 and 1.5% glycerol was added.
About the Defence of Thesis at the Department of History in Vilnius University
Authors: Kraujelis Ramojus
Published: October 2024

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Rec.: Roger D. Petersen. Resistance and Rebellion: Lessons from Eastern Europe. Cambridge University Press, 2001. 321 p.
Authors: Streikus Arūnas
Published: October 2024

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The Conference about the Medieval Society
Authors: Petrauskas Rimvydas
Published: October 2024

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The Confering on the Knights of Doctoral Table or how and for what Nerijus Šepetys Became the PhD in Humanities on 14th of June, 2002
Authors: Manusadžianas Paulius
Published: October 2024

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Factors associated with central venous catheter infection in critically ill patients
Authors: Franco Claudia Gabriela Esquivel , Delgadillo Cynthia Margarita Gonzalez , Siller Karla Nallely García , Daniel Hermelinda Guzman , Sanchez Efrain Rios , Martínez Javier Moran
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The study was conducted by analyzing 8 articles related to Central Venous Catheter Infections in critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit to analyze the factors associated with central venous catheter infection in critically ill patients. Objectives: The main objective is to determine the incidence of central venous catheter infection and related factors by these routes in patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit. Methodology: This systematic review was applied with Holly, it was carried out according to the eligibility criteria by means of the PIO question and with PRISMA methodology. Results. It was found that 70% of the results of the analysis of the studies refer to the proper use of the central venous catheter being related to insertion and maintenance and that the incidence of central venous catheter infection is based on prolonged ICU stay. Conclusion: The follow-up of general and specific protocols, with the introduction of verification routines that minimize the risk of error in a highly complex environment, must have the participation of all health personnel, including management bodies. Recommendations: Show commitment from the management, administrative, and quality areas, to adequately monitor the processes and procedures for patient safety in the central venous catheter. Avoid unnecessarily prolonging catheter life and clearly define catheter insertion indications. Among the various factors that produce infection, the environment has to do with it, maintaining an adequate temperature inside the patient's cubicle or room to reduce the proliferation of organisms.
Modeling Water Clusters: Spectral Analyses, Gaussian Distribution, and Linear Function during Time
Authors: Ignatov I. , Marinov Y. , Huether F. , Gluhchev G. , Iliev M.T.
Published: October 2024

Our experimental and theoretical studies have consistently revealed the presence of water clusters in various environments, particularly under hydrophobic conditions, where slower hydrogen ion interactions prevail. Crucial methods like Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) method have played a pivotal role in our understanding of these clusters, unveiling their potential medical applications. The stability and behavior of these clusters can be influenced by factors such as metal ions’ presence, leading to stable clusters’ formation. This potential for medical applications should inspire hope and further research. Moreover, our research has revealed that water clusters exhibit characteristics of dissipative structures, demonstrating the self-organization under physical, chemical, or thermal changes akin to Rayleigh–Benard convection cells. This dynamic and significant behavior supports the notion that water’s role transcends simple chemistry, potentially influencing biological processes at a fundamental level. The interaction of water clusters with their environment and the ability to maintain non-equilibrium states through the energy exchanges further underscores their complexity and significance in both natural and technological contexts. Water filtration is a process for improving water quality. The effect is re-structuring hydrogen bonds and structuring water clusters, most of which are hexagonal. In our research, we applied filtered water using patented EVOdrop Swiss technology.
Technetium-99m: a Nanomaterial Perspective
Authors: Trusova V. , Karnaukhov I. , Zelinsky A. , Borts B. , Ushakov I. , Sidenko L. , Gorbenko G.
Published: October 2024

The radiolabeling of nanomaterials with technetium-99m (99mTc) has emerged as a promising strategy for integrating the advantages of nanotechnology and nuclear medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This comprehensive review aims to provide an indepth overview of the current state-of-the-art in the radiolabeling of nanomaterials with 99mTc. The exploration encompasses synthesis methods, labeling mechanisms, biological assessments, physicochemical characterizations, and clinical applications of 99mTc-labeled nanomaterials. Diverse categories of nanomaterials are addressed, including organic and inorganic nanoparticles, lipid- and protein-based nanosystems, as well as various carbon nanomaterials. Additionally, the review addresses challenges inherent in this evolving field, such as the stability of the radiolabel, potential nanomaterial toxicity, and regulatory considerations. The discussion is concluded by exploring promising future perspectives and potential areas for research development in the realm of 99mTc-labeled nanomaterials.
Application of advances in the development and production of optical fiber in the development and design of fiber optic devices.
Authors:   Dianov Fiber Optics Research Center, Semjonov Sergei L. , Shcherbakov V.V. ,   VOSPI Ctr. Closed Jt.-Stock Company
Published: October 2024

The dimensions of devices based on optical fiber are limited by the sensitivity of the optical fiber to macrobending, which leads to an increase in optical losses at small bending radii. New types of fibers with low macrobending losses make it possible to significantly tighten the dimensions. However, there may be a risk of fiber failure at bending points during the life of the product due to mechanical fatigue. In the article, based on the use of a static fatigue model of silica glass, a simple expression is obtained to estimate the probability of fiber failure under long-term bending stress depending on the length of the bent section, bend radius and humidity, taking into account the result of a proof-test carried out by the fiber manufacturer. The possibility of increasing the mechanical reliability of silica fiber by applying a hermetical carbon coating is discussed. The use of the obtained expressions in design makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of fiber optic products without the risk of reducing their reliability.
Logosvivência e autorrepresentação de mulheres no movimento do poetry slam
Authors: Oliveira de Souza Fabiana
Published: October 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma análise de parte da produção poética de Laura Conceição e Luz Ribeiro, multiartistas que compõem o movimento do poesia slam no Brasil. Com base no que seus poemas e suas performances nos oferecem, lanço um olhar a essa modalidade de poesia falada, explorando suas imbricações com a escritavência, logosvivência e autorrepresentação dos poetas. Uma vez que percebemos uma emergência, no âmbito desse movimento artístico-literário, de vozes de sujeitos, concentrei-me em duas mulheres por serem indivíduos alterados pelo silenciamento. Ao destacar-se a heterogeneidade e pluralidade de seus corpos e identidades, conceitos como feminismo decolonial e interseccionalidade, entre outros, são fundamentais para entendermos as múltiplas questões que caracterizam a poesia desses slammers e os slams de poesia no Brasil.
Goles y memes: la formación de identidades futboleras en las redes y las canchas
Authors:   Universidad de la República, DÍAZ Francisco
Published: October 2024

a vida cotidiana es donde se ponen en escena nuestras pasiones e intereses. En esta investigación se analiza cómo las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación, especialmente los smartphones y la redes sociodigitales, han transformado la socialización de la información futbolera en Uruguay y Argentina. Con un enfoque socioantropológico, se observan las prácticas y procesos identitarios futboleros en contextos online y presenciales, y se destacan cambios en la producción, circulación y apropiación de información futbolera, así como en la interacción entre aficionados y jugadores.
Propuesta de unificación de herramientas bioinformáticas para el análisis de secuencias proteómicas y genómicas de algas y hongos
Authors:   Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas, Terrón-Macias Victor , Mejía Jezreel ,   Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas
Published: October 2024

El análisis de secuencias biológicas es esencial en bioinformática, pero la diversidad de herramientas disponibles presenta desafíos significativos. Este artículo propone una aplicación web que unifica diferentes funcionalidades útiles en el análisis de secuencias biológicas. Desarrollada en Python y Django, integra funcionalidades de BioPython, BioPandas, 3Dmol.js y BLAST, entre otras, que además posibilita su uso a usuarios sin conocimientos de programación. La herramienta abarca el análisis de secuencias de ADN y proteínas, transcripción, alineación, búsqueda de secuencias y más. Dentro de las características más destacables está la eficiencia, precisión al obtener datos cuantitativos del proceso que se está ejecutando y la facilidad de uso.
Sistema de Identificação de Expressões Faciais Básicas em um Editor de Texto Coletivo
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Alves André Gabriel , Guizzo Michele Alda Rosso ,   Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Lorandi Alexandra ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Behar Patricia Alejandra ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: October 2024

O estudo apresenta um sistema de reconhecimento de expressões faciais, para detecção de emoções básicas de estudantes, durante a produção textual. A funcionalidade foi desenvolvida e implementada no editor de textos coletivo denominado ETC, e utiliza técnicas de visão computacional. O sistema apresenta uma janela de detecção de expressões do usuário, e uma página de relatório com dados armazenados ao longo do tempo de edição de um documento. A pesquisa foi dividida em quatro etapas, são elas: fundamentação teórica; escolha de ferramentas e bibliotecas; desenvolvimento da funcionalidade e inclusão no editor de textos; testes com especialistas e análise dos resultados. O estudo concluiu que é possível coletar informações referentes a emoções básicas, por meio de sistemas de visão computacional. O objetivo é apoiar professores no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, a partir das observações dos aspectos afetivos durante a produção textual. Contudo, existem ainda distorções por fatores externos, que dificultam a captação adequada das imagens.