bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DeepLabStream enables closed-loop behavioral experiments using deep learning-based markerless, real-time posture detection
Authors: Schweihoff Jens F. , Loshakov Matvey , Pavlova Irina , Kück Laura , Ewell Laura A. , Schwarz Martin K.
Published: January 2021

In general, animal behavior can be described as the neuronal-driven sequence of reoccurring postures through time. Most of the available current technologies focus on offline pose estimation with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, to correlate behavior with neuronal activity it is often necessary to detect and react online to behavioral expressions. Here we present DeepLabStream, a versatile closed-loop tool providing real-time pose estimation to deliver posture dependent stimulations. DeepLabStream has a temporal resolution in the millisecond range, can utilize different input, as well as output devices and can be tailored to multiple experimental designs. We employ DeepLabStream to semi-autonomously run a second-order olfactory conditioning task with freely moving mice and optogenetically label neuronal ensembles active during specific head directions.
Colonization and genetic diversification processes of Leishmania infantum in the Americas
Authors: Schwabl Philipp , Boité Mariana C. , Bussotti Giovanni , Jacobs Arne , Andersson Bjorn , Moreira Otacilio , Freitas-Mesquita Anita L. , Meyer-Fernandes Jose Roberto , Telleria Erich L. , Traub-Csekö Yara , Vaselek Slavica , Leštinová Tereza , Volf Petr , Morgado Fernanda N. , Porrozzi Renato , Llewellyn Martin , Späth Gerald F. , Cupolillo Elisa
Published: January 2021

Leishmania infantum causes visceral leishmaniasis, a deadly vector-borne disease introduced to the Americas during the colonial era. This non-native trypanosomatid parasite has since established widespread transmission cycles using alternative vectors, and human infection has become a significant concern to public health, especially in Brazil. A multi-kilobase deletion was recently detected in Brazilian L. infantum genomes and is suggested to reduce susceptibility to the anti-leishmanial drug miltefosine. We show that deletion-carrying strains occur in at least 15 Brazilian states and describe diversity patterns suggesting that these derive from common ancestral mutants rather than from recurrent independent mutation events. We also show that the deleted locus and associated enzymatic activity is restored by hybridization with non-deletion type strains. Genetic exchange appears common in areas of secondary contact but also among closely related parasites. We examine demographic and ecological scenarios underlying this complex L. infantum population structure and discuss implications for disease control.
Amynthas corticis genome reveals molecular mechanisms behind global distribution
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yufeng , Kang Mingming , Li Yuanbo , James Samuel W. , Yang Yang , Bi Yanmeng , Jiang Hao , Zhao Yi , Sun Zhenjun
Published: January 2021

Earthworms (Annelida: Crassiclitellata) are widely distributed around the world due to their ancient origination as well as adaptation and invasion after introduction into new habitats over the past few centuries. Herein, we report a 1.2 Gb complete genome assembly of the earthworm Amynthas corticis based on a strategy combining third-generation long-read sequencing and Hi-C mapping. A total of 29,256 protein-coding genes are annotated in this genome. Analysis of resequencing data indicates that this earthworm is a triploid species. Furthermore, gene family evolution analysis shows that comprehensive expansion of gene families in the Amynthas corticis genome has produced more defensive functions compared with other species in Annelida. Quantitative proteomic iTRAQ analysis shows that expression of 147 proteins changed in the body of Amynthas corticis and 16 S rDNA sequencing shows that abundance of 28 microorganisms changed in the gut of Amynthas corticis when the earthworm was incubated with pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Our genome assembly provides abundant and valuable resources for the earthworm research community, serving as a first step toward uncovering the mysteries of this species, and may provide molecular level indicators of its powerful defensive functions, adaptation to complex environments and invasion ability.
A hypomorphic variant in EYS detected by genome-wide association study contributes toward retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Nishiguchi Koji M. , Miya Fuyuki , Mori Yuka , Fujita Kosuke , Akiyama Masato , Kamatani Takashi , Koyanagi Yoshito , Sato Kota , Takigawa Toru , Ueno Shinji , Tsugita Misato , Kunikata Hiroshi , Cisarova Katarina , Nishino Jo , Murakami Akira , Abe Toshiaki , Momozawa Yukihide , Terasaki Hiroko , Wada Yuko , Sonoda Koh-Hei , Rivolta Carlo , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Tsujikawa Motokazu , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Nakazawa Toru
Published: January 2021

The genetic basis of Japanese autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP) remains largely unknown. Herein, we applied a 2-step genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 640 Japanese patients. Meta-GWAS identified three independent peaks at P < 5.0 × 10−8, all within the major ARRP gene EYS. Two of the three were each in linkage disequilibrium with a different low frequency variant (allele frequency < 0.05); a known founder Mendelian mutation (c.4957dupA, p.S1653Kfs*2) and a non-synonymous variant (c.2528 G > A, p.G843E) of unknown significance. mRNA harboring c.2528 G > A failed to restore rhodopsin mislocalization induced by morpholino-mediated knockdown of eys in zebrafish, consistent with the variant being pathogenic. c.2528 G > A solved an additional 7.0% of Japanese ARRP cases. The third peak was in linkage disequilibrium with a common non-synonymous variant (c.7666 A > T, p.S2556C), possibly representing an unreported disease-susceptibility signal. GWAS successfully unraveled genetic causes of a rare monogenic disorder and identified a high frequency variant potentially linked to development of local genome therapeutics.
Synthetic promoters to induce immune-effectors into the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Greenshpan Yariv , Sharabi Omri , Ottolenghi Aner , Cahana Avishag , Kundu Kiran , M. Yegodayev Ksenia , Elkabets Moshe , Gazit Roi , Porgador Angel
Published: January 2021

Harnessing the immune-system to eradicate cancer is becoming a reality in recent years. Engineered immune cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, are facing the danger of an overt life-threatening immune response due to the ON-target OFF-tumor cytotoxicity and Cytokine Release Syndrome. We therefore developed synthetic promoters for regulation of gene expression under the control of inflammation and Hypoxia-induced signals that are associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME). We termed this methodology as chimeric-antigen-receptor-tumor-induced-vector (CARTIV). For proof of concept, we studied synthetic promoters based on promoter-responsive elements (PREs) of IFNγ, TNFα and hypoxia; triple PRE-based CARTIV promoter manifested a synergistic activity in cell-lines and potent activation in human primary T-cells. CARTIV platform can improve safety of CAR T-cells or other engineered immune-cells, providing TME-focused activity and opening a therapeutic window for many tumor-associated antigens that are also expressed by non-tumor healthy tissues.
Plexin-B2 facilitates glioblastoma infiltration by modulating cell biomechanics
Authors: Huang Yong , Tejero Rut , Lee Vivian K. , Brusco Concetta , Hannah Theodore , Bertucci Taylor B. , Junqueira Alves Chrystian , Katsyv Igor , Kluge Michael , Foty Ramsey , Zhang Bin , Friedel Caroline C. , Dai Guohao , Zou Hongyan , Friedel Roland H.
Published: January 2021

Infiltrative growth is a major cause of high lethality of malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM). We show here that GBM cells upregulate guidance receptor Plexin-B2 to gain invasiveness. Deletion of Plexin-B2 in GBM stem cells limited tumor spread and shifted invasion paths from axon fiber tracts to perivascular routes. On a cellular level, Plexin-B2 adjusts cell adhesiveness, migratory responses to different matrix stiffness, and actomyosin dynamics, thus empowering GBM cells to leave stiff tumor bulk and infiltrate softer brain parenchyma. Correspondingly, gene signatures affected by Plexin-B2 were associated with locomotor regulation, matrix interactions, and cellular biomechanics. On a molecular level, the intracellular Ras-GAP domain contributed to Plexin-B2 function, while the signaling relationship with downstream effectors Rap1/2 appeared variable between GBM stem cell lines, reflecting intertumoral heterogeneity. Our studies establish Plexin-B2 as a modulator of cell biomechanics that is usurped by GBM cells to gain invasiveness.
Efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia with aqueous silver nanodots
Authors: Li Wenyi , Li Ke , Ye Yixing , Zhang Shengbo , Liu Yanyan , Wang Guozhong , Liang Changhao , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun
Published: January 2021

The electrocatalytic nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (NRR) relies on the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts and electrocatalysis systems. Herein, we report a non-loading electrocatalysis system, where the electrocatalysts are dispersed in aqueous solution rather than loading them on electrode substrates. The system consists of aqueous Ag nanodots (AgNDs) as the catalyst and metallic titanium (Ti) mesh as the current collector for electrocatalytic NRR. The as-synthesized AgNDs, homogeneously dispersed in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution (pH = 10.5), can achieve an NH3 yield rate of 600.4 ± 23.0 μg h−1 mgAg−1 with a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 10.1 ± 0.7% at −0.25 V (vs. RHE). The FE can be further improved to be 20.1 ± 0.9% at the same potential by using Ti mesh modified with oxygen vacancy-rich TiO2 nanosheets as the current collector. Utilizing the aqueous AgNDs catalyst, a Ti plate based two-electrode configured flow-type electrochemical reactor was developed to achieve an NH3 yield rate of 804.5 ± 30.6 μg h−1 mgAg−1 with a FE of 8.2 ± 0.5% at a voltage of −1.8 V. The designed non-loading electrocatalysis system takes full advantage of the AgNDs’ active sites for N2 adsorption and activation, following an alternative hydrogenation mechanism revealed by theoretical calculations.
Directional anchoring patterned liquid-infused superamphiphobic surfaces for high-throughput droplet manipulation
Authors: Liu Weijian , Luo Xiao , Chen Changhao , Jiang Guochen , Hu Xinyu , Zhang Hongjun , Zhong Minlin
Published: January 2021

High-throughput experiments involving isolated droplets based on patterned superwettable surfaces are important for various applications related to biology, chemistry, and medicine, and they have attracted a large amount of interest.
Iron-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative C–H amidation of benzofurans and benzothiophenes with anilines
Authors: Ni Yang , Wan Xiang , Zuo Honghua , Bashir Muhammad Adnan , Liu Yu , Yu Huaibin , Liao Rong-Zhen , Wu Guojiao , Zhong Fangrui
Published: January 2021

An efficient iron-catalyzed radical cross-dehydrogenative aromatic C–H amidation provides a straightforward access to structurally diverse diarylamine derivatives incorporating benzofuran/benzothiophene motifs.
Ligand-free iridium-catalyzed regioselective C–H borylation of indoles
Authors: Pan Zilong , Liu Luhua , Xu Senmiao , Shen Zhenlu
Published: January 2021

First example of ligand-free Iridium-catalyzed Regioselective C–H borylation of indoles under mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis of an in situ core–shell interlink ultrathin-nanosheet Fe@FexNiO/Ni@NiyCoP nanohybrid by scalable layer-to-layer assembly strategy as an ultra-highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for alkaline/neutral water reduction/oxidation
Authors: Che Qijun , Zhou Xingyu , Liu Quancen , Tan Ya , Li Qing
Published: January 2021

Self-standing in situ core–shell interlink ultrathin-nanosheet Fe@FexNiO/Ni@NiyCoP nanohybrid was prepared by the fast two-step electrodeposition pathway as a low-cost, ultra-highly efficient and stable true bifunctional electrocatalyst for water reduction/oxidation.
Elucidating the nature of grain boundary resistance in lithium lanthanum titanate
Authors: Symington Adam R. , Molinari Marco , Dawson James A. , Statham Joel M. , Purton John , Canepa Pieremanuele , Parker Stephen C.
Published: January 2021

Solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries are generating remarkable research interest as a means to improve the safety, stability and performance of rechargeable batteries.
An activatable fluorescent prodrug of paclitaxel and BODIPY
Authors: Xia Jinxiu , Pei Qing , Zheng Min , Xie Zhigang
Published: January 2021

A redox-activated paclitaxel prodrug (PTX-S-BDP) was synthesized. PTX-S-BDP NPs were fabricated by the coassembly of PTX-S-BDP with F-127, which can release PTX under redox conditions and exhibit superior cellular imaging and selectivity to cancer cells.
ROS-Responsive and active targeted drug delivery based on conjugated polymer nanoparticles for synergistic chemo-/photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Lu Zhuanning , Yuan Qiong , Zhang Chen , Tang Yanli
Published: January 2021

A biocompatible and ROS-responsive drug delivery nanocarrier iRGD-BDOX@CPNs with active targeting was constructed for highly efficient chemo-/photodynamic (PDT) synergistic therapy.
Reactions of ruthenium cyclopentadienyl precursor in the metal precursor pulse of Ru atomic layer deposition
Authors: Liu Ji , Lu Hongliang , Zhang David Wei , Nolan Michael
Published: January 2021

The elimination of Cp ligand on Ru(001) and (100) surfaces have high barriers and the reactions of hydrogen transfer are endothermic. The final terminations are 0.85 RuCp per nm2 on Ru(001) surface and 1.01 (Ru + RuCp2) per nm2 on Ru(100) surface.
Cutin:cutin-acid endo-transacylase (CCT), a cuticle-remodelling enzyme activity in the plant epidermis
Authors: Xin Anzhou , Fei Yue , Molnar Attila , Fry Stephen C.
Published: January 2021

Cutin is a polyester matrix mainly composed of hydroxy-fatty acids that occurs in the cuticles of shoots and root-caps. The cuticle, of which cutin is a major component, protects the plant from biotic and abiotic stresses, and cutin has been postulated to constrain organ expansion. We propose that, to allow cutin restructuring, ester bonds in this net-like polymer can be transiently cleaved and then re-formed (transacylation). Here, using pea epicotyl epidermis as the main model, we first detected a cutin:cutin-fatty acid endo-transacylase (CCT) activity. In-situ assays used endogenous cutin as the donor substrate for endogenous enzymes; the exogenous acceptor substrate was a radiolabelled monomeric cutin-acid, 16-hydroxy-[3H]hexadecanoic acid (HHA). High-molecular-weight cutin became ester-bonded to intact [3H]HHA molecules, which thereby became unextractable except by ester-hydrolysing alkalis. In-situ CCT activity correlated with growth rate in Hylotelephium leaves and tomato fruits, suggesting a role in loosening the outer epidermal wall during organ growth. The only well-defined cutin transacylase in the apoplast, CUS1 (a tomato cutin synthase), when produced in transgenic tobacco, lacked CCT activity. This finding provides a reference for future CCT protein identification, which can adopt our sensitive enzyme assay to screen other CUS1-related enzymes.
Phasing the intranuclear organization of steroid hormone receptors
Authors: Stortz Martin , Presman Diego M. , Pecci Adali , Levi Valeria
Published: January 2021

Steroid receptors (SRs) encompass a family of transcription factors that regulate the expression of thousands of genes upon binding to steroid hormones and include the glucocorticoid, androgen, progesterone, estrogen and mineralocorticoid receptors. SRs control key physiological and pathological processes, thus becoming relevant drug targets. As with many other nuclear proteins, hormone-activated SRs concentrate in multiple discrete foci within the cell nucleus. Even though these foci were first observed ∼25 years ago, their exact structure and function remained elusive. In the last years, new imaging methodologies and theoretical frameworks improved our understanding of the intranuclear organization. These studies led to a new paradigm stating that many membraneless nuclear compartments, including transcription-related foci, form through a liquid–liquid phase separation process. These exciting ideas impacted the SR field by raising the hypothesis of SR foci as liquid condensates involved in transcriptional regulation. In this work, we review the current knowledge about SR foci formation under the light of the condensate model, analyzing how these structures may impact SR function. These new ideas, combined with state-of-the-art techniques, may shed light on the biophysical mechanisms governing the formation of SR foci and the biological function of these structures in normal physiology and disease.
L’effectivité du rôle des instances de contrôle dans la régulation disciplinaire de l’éthique sportive : révélatrice d’une hiérarchie ?
Authors: Ruppé Willem , Dermit Nadine
Published: January 2021

À la suite du rapport sénatorial (n°544) conduit par J-F. Humbert en 2011, le gouvernement français votait en 2012 la loi n°2012-158, complétée cinq années plus tard par la loi n°2017-261 de 2017, qui imposait à chaque fédération sportive et ligue professionnelle associée : (i) l’élaboration d’une charte éthique destinée aux acteurs participants à la pratique, (ii) la mise en place de commissions indépendantes dont le rôle est de contrôler le respect de ladite charte. Toutefois, la régulation disciplinaire dans le sport professionnel, et en particulier le football, repose sur un système structuré de manière autonome et quasi-juridique (Foster, 2007 ; Latty, 2007) avec la présence d’une commission de discipline, seule détentrice du pouvoir de sanction envers les acteurs ayant commis des comportements contraires aux règlements et à la charte éthique. L’ajout d’un comité de contrôle de l’éthique entraînait alors une superposition d’instances de contrôle visant à réguler un même objet, à l’image de ce qui était observable dans le cadre du football (dès 2002) puis du rugby (dès 2004). Or, la superposition d’instance génère un questionnement quant au rôle de chacune d’elles dans un système de régulation disciplinaire des comportements en matière d’éthique sportive. Ainsi, cette contribution propose d’analyser, par le biais d’une méthodologie mixte à prégnance quantitative, l’effectivité du rôle de la Commission de discipline et du Conseil National de l’Éthique au sein du système disciplinaire de la Ligue de Football Professionnel dans leur traitement commun des comportements des acteurs professionnels (joueurs, entraîneurs, encadrants). Les résultats obtenus permettent alors d’observer un rôle ambigu et accessoire de l’instance de contrôle de l’éthique au sein du système disciplinaire : laissant entrevoir le fait que l’intervention législative de l’État – cherchant à généraliser le modèle suivi par le football – a pour objectif principal de légitimité légalement les principes de « bonne gouvernance », déjà mis en place dans cette discipline professionnalisée depuis de nombreuses années.
Axiale Spondyloarthritis (Morbus Bechterew) – Update 2021
Authors: Poddubnyy Denis
Published: January 2021

Was ist neu?

Diagnose der axialen Spondyloarthritis Neue Daten zur Spezifität der aktiven entzündlichen Veränderungen in den Sakroiliakalgelenken wurden generiert. Eine neue MRT-Sequenz für die Verbesserung der Detektion von Erosionen wurde untersucht.

Therapie der axialen Spondyloarthritis TNF und Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-Blocker sind nun für sowohl röntgenologische als auch nichtröntgenologische Formen der axialen Spondyloarthritis zugelassen. Januskinase-Inhibitoren lieferten vielversprechende Ergebnisse in den Phase-II/III-Studien.

Hemmung der strukturellen Progression Neue Daten zur Verlangsamung der strukturellen Progression in der Wirbelsäule unter TNF- und IL-17-Inhibitoren.
Die Rechtsfrage: Schlechte Bewertung bei Google, Jameda und Co. – was tun?
Authors: Franz Ulrich
Published: January 2021

„Ein nach eigener Aussage sehr zufriedener Patient macht plötzlich unsere Praxis auf einem Bewertungsportal schlecht. Ich vermute, das liegt daran, dass wir ihn nach ausbleibender Zahlung angemahnt haben. Wie können wir uns gegen solche Bewertungen wehren?“

Therapeutin via E-Mail
Senioren bei Übungen optimal unterstützen – Hilfestellung durch Angehörige
Authors: Groth Rebecca
Published: January 2021

Dass Ergotherapeuten ein Eigenübungsprogramm für Klienten erstellen, gehört zum Standardvorgehen in der Handtherapie. Bei älteren Menschen gilt es verschiedene Faktoren zu beachten, damit die notwendigen Übungen nicht vergessen und korrekt umgesetzt werden. Rebecca Groth berichtet aus ihren Erfahrungen und wie sie es schafft, insbesondere Angehörige im richtigen Maße einzubinden.
Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2
Authors: Schäfer Anima M. , Gilgen Pierrine M. , Spirgi Clara , Potterat Olivier , Meyer zu Schwabedissen Henriette E.
Published: January 2021

Herbal medication used in the treatment of sleep disorders and anxiety often contain extracts of Valeriana officinalis or Passiflora incarnata. Valerenic acid in V. officinalis and apigenin, orientin, and vitexin in P. incarnata are thought to contribute to their therapeutic effect. It was the aim of this study to test whether these constituents of herbal extracts are interacting with the uptake of estrone 3-sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate mediated by the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) or organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2). Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing OATP2B1 or OATP1A2 were used to determine the influence of the constituents on the cellular accumulation of the sulfated steroids. Subsequently, competitive counterflow experiments were applied to test whether identified inhibitors are also substrates of the transporters. Valerenic
acid only interacted with OATP2B1, whereas apigenin, orientin, and vitexin interacted with OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. Competitive counterflow revealed that orientin is a substrate of both transporters, while apigenin was transported by OATP1A2 and vitexin by OATP2B1. In a next step, commercially available P. incarnata preparations were assessed for their influence on the transporters, revealing inhibition of transporter-mediated estrone 3-sulfate uptake. HPLC-UV-MS analysis confirmed the presence of orientin and vitexin in these preparations, thereby suggesting that these constituents are involved in the interaction. Our data indicate that constituents of P. incarnata may alter the function of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, which could affect the uptake of other compounds relying on uptake mediated by the transporters.
Die richtigen Worte – Patientengespräche im Krankenhausalltag
Authors: Schwencke Silja
Published: January 2021

Patienten im Krankenhaus haben Sorgen und Ängste und möchten darüber reden. Im hektischen Therapiealltag fehlt jedoch oft die Zeit, und Therapeuten hadern immer wieder damit, inwieweit sie sich auf ein Gespräch einlassen können. Lesen Sie im Folgenden, wie man sich für solche Situationen rüsten kann und warum Zeit nicht der entscheidende Faktor ist.
Hydroalcoholic Extract of Myrcia bella Loaded into a Microemulsion System: A Study of Antifungal and Mutagenic Potential
Authors: Marena Gabriel Davi , Girotto Luiza , Saldanha Luiz Leonardo , Ramos Matheus Aparecido dos Santos , De Grandis Rone Aparecido , da Silva Patrícia Bento , Dokkedal Anne Lígia , Chorilli Marlus , Bauab Tais Maria , Pavan Fernando Rogério , Trovatti Eliane , Lustri Wilton Rogério , Resende Flávia Ap.
Published: January 2021

Myrcia bella is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of diabetes, hemorrhages, and hypertension in Brazilian folk medicine. Considering that plant extracts are attractive sources of new drugs, the aim of the present study was to verify the influence of incorporating 70% hydroalcoholic of M. bella leaves in nanostructured lipid systems on the mutagenic and antifungal activities of the extract. In this work, we evaluated the antifungal potential of M. bella loaded on the microemulsion against Candida sp for minimum inhibitory concentration, using the microdilution technique. The system was composed of polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether and soybean phosphatidylcholine (10%), grape seed oil, cholesterol (10%: proportion 5/1), and purified water (80%). To investigate the mutagenic activity, the Ames test was used with the Salmonella Typhimurium tester strains. M. bella, either incorporated or free, showed an important antifungal effect against all tested strains. Moreover, the incorporation surprisingly inhibited the mutagenicity presented by the extract. The present study attests the antimicrobial properties of M. bella extract, contributing to the search for new natural products with biological activities and suggesting caution in its use for medicinal purposes. In addition, the results emphasize the importance of the use of nanotechnology associated with natural products as a strategy for the control of infections caused mainly by the genus Candida sp.
Erfolgreiche Therapie einer idiopathischen postinfantilen Riesenzellhepatitis mit einem Calcineurininhibitor
Authors: Hof Teresa , Flohr Felix , Thimme Robert , Kurz Philipp , Thiel Jens
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung Die Riesenzellhepatitis ist eine seltene, ätiologisch heterogene Erkrankungsgruppe mit dem gemeinsamen histomorphologischen Merkmal multinukleärer Riesenzellen. Häufig assoziiert ist sie mit Autoimmun- und Viruserkrankungen sowie Medikamenteneinnahme, weshalb die Therapie vornehmlich in der Behandlung der Grunderkrankung bzw. einer Immunsuppression besteht.

Anamnese Die Vorstellung des 76-jährigen Patienten erfolgte mit der extern histologisch gesicherten Diagnose einer postinfantilen Riesenzellhepatitis und frustranem Therapieversuch mit Budesonid zur weiteren Therapie.

Untersuchung Anamnestisch, laborchemisch, serologisch und histopathologisch ließ sich keine der Hepatitis zugrunde liegende Ursache eruieren.

Therapie und Verlauf Unter immunsuppressiver Therapie mit zunächst Glukokortikoiden in Monotherapie, später Cyclophosphamid sowie auch intermittierend einem Anti-CD20-Antikörper gelang keine Erkrankungskontrolle, weshalb die Therapie mit dem Calcineurininhibitor Tacrolimus in Kombination mit einer niedrigdosierten Glukokortikoid-Therapie begonnen wurde. Hierunter konnte die Erkrankung stabilisiert werden.

Folgerung Unsere Beobachtung einer guten Hepatitis-Kontrolle unter Tacrolimus unterstreicht die Rolle von Calcineurininhibitoren in der Behandlung der postinfantilen Riesenzellhepatitis, wobei über deren Einsatz bisher sehr wenige Daten vorliegen.
Akut- und Langzeitimmunität – was serologische Tests wirklich über den Immunstatus preisgeben
Authors: Klöhn Mara , Steinmann Eike , Pfaender Stephanie
Published: January 2021

Im letzten Jahr hat uns die durch SARS-CoV-2 ausgelöste COVID-19-Pandemie nicht nur gesellschaftlich, sondern auch wissenschaftlich weltweit vor viele Herausforderungen gestellt. Verlässliche Kenntnisse über die Persistenz der Immunantwort des Menschen auf SARS-CoV-2 sind wichtig, um Fragen bezüglich einer langanhaltenden effektiven Immunität zum Schutz vor Reinfektionen und dem Erreichen einer Herdenimmunität sicher zu beantworten. Erste Studien weisen zwar auf die Ausbildung einer humoralen und zellulären Immunität hin, allerdings stehen Langzeitstudien, die uns Informationen über die Dauer einer Immunreaktion geben können, noch aus. Da besonders immunologische Tests, wie die Antikörpertests, dabei helfen, wichtige Informationen über die durch SARS-CoV-2 induzierte Immunreaktion zu liefern und den Immunstatus der Bevölkerung zu ermitteln, werden diese neben den bereits vorhandenen Studien über die SARS-CoV-2-spezifische Immunantwort diskutiert.
Die pseudoangiomatöse stromale Hyperplasie – eine seltene benigne Raumforderung der Mamma
Authors: Vogel-Minea Claudia
Published: January 2021

Die PASH ist eine benigne myofibroblastische Läsion der Mamma, die durch Proliferation stromaler mesenchymaler Zellen myofibroblastischen Ursprungs charakterisiert ist. Diese bilden von Myofibroblasten ummantelte Hohlräume, die Gefäßstrukturen nachahmen 1
4.
„Der Mensch, der Handball spielt, braucht den Ball, den Kontakt und die Gemeinschaft“ – Veränderungen im Sportangebot durch die COVID-19 Pandemie und deren Bedeutung für Sportvereine
Authors: Kehl Malte , Strobl Helmut , Tittlbach Susanne , Loss Julika
Published: January 2021

Ziel der Studie Sportvereine spielen eine wichtige Rolle für die Bewegungs- und damit auch die Gesundheitsförderung in Deutschland. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich vor dem Hintergrund der Corona-bedingten Einschränkungen mit den Veränderungen in der Angebotsstruktur und deren Bedeutung für die Sportvereine.

Methode Es wurden 15 Experteninterviews mit Vertretern und Vertreterinnen bayerischer Sportvereine geführt. Die Daten wurden transkribiert und mittels thematischer Analyse induktiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Von den Vereinen wurden umfangreiche Aktivitäten entwickelt, um den Mitgliedern auch unter den Rahmenbedingungen der COVID-19-Pandemie Möglichkeiten für sportliche Aktivitäten zu bieten. Die Vereinsmitglieder hätten dabei mit viel Verständnis auf die Veränderungen und Einschränkungen im Angebot reagiert. Die Nutzung der neu geschaffenen digitalen Angebote durch die Mitglieder scheint sich von der Nutzung der realen Kurse zu unterscheiden. Das längerfristige Potenzial der digitalen Angebote wird jedoch weitgehend skeptisch betrachtet. Insbesondere der im Sport normalerweise immanente Gemeinschaftsaspekt würde den Teilnehmenden an digitalen Formaten fehlen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Anstrengungen der Sportvereine, ein geregeltes Bewegungsprogramm auch unter den Rahmenbedingungen einer Pandemie bereit zu stellen, betont deren Bedeutung für Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Aus Public-Health-Sicht bieten die Veränderungen in der Angebotsstruktur darüber hinaus das Potenzial, auch unter normalisierten Rahmenbedingungen beibehalten zu werden. Hierzu sind aber weiterführende Forschungsarbeiten notwendig.
Current Position of Sacral Neuromodulation in Treatment of Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Katuwal Binit , Bhullar Jasneet
Published: January 2021

Fecal incontinence (FI) is defined as uncontrolled passage of feces or gas for at least 1-month duration in an individual who previously had control. FI is a common and debilitating condition affecting many individuals. Continence depends on complex relationships between anal sphincters, rectal curvatures, rectoanal sensation, rectal compliance, stool consistency, and neurologic function. Factors, such as pregnancy, chronic diarrhea, diabetes mellitus, previous anorectal surgery, urinary incontinence, smoking, obesity, limited physical activity, white race, and neurologic disease, are known to be the risk factors for FI. Conservative/medical management including biofeedback are recognized as the first-line treatment of the FI. Those who are suitable for surgical intervention and who have failed conservative management, sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has emerged as the treatment of choice in many patients. The surgical technique involves placement of a tined lead with four electrodes through the S3 sacral foramen. The lead is attached to a battery, which acts as a pulse generator, and is placed under the patient's skin in the lower lumbar region. The use of SNS in the treatment of FI has increased over the years and the beneficial effects of this treatment have been substantiated by multiple studies. This review describes SNS as a modality of treatment for FI and its position in the current medical diaspora in patients with FI.
The Effect of Anadara granosa Shell’s–Stichopus hermanni Scaffold on CD44 and IL-10 Expression to Decrease Osteoclasts in Socket Healing
Authors: Sari Rima Parwati , Revianti Syamsulina , Andriani Dwi , Prananingrum Widyasri , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Sudjarwo Sri Agus
Published: January 2021

Objectives This article aimed to investigate the effect of Anadara granosa (AG) shell’s–Stichopus hermanni scaffold on cluster of differentiation (CD)44 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression to decrease osteoclasts in socket healing.

Materials and Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The lower left incisor was extracted, then given a placebo for group control (K), the treatment group was administered with scaffold from AG shells, and a treatment group with scaffold from blood cockle shell–S. hermanni with the concentration of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6% (AGSH0.4; AGSH0.8; AGSH1.6). We made a bone graft from a combination of AGSH extract using the freeze-dried method. The socket was sutured by silk braid immediately. Third and Seventh days postextraction, animals are killed. CD44 and IL-10 expression were examined with immunohistochemistry, as well as osteoclast was examined with hematoxylin-eosin.

Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (for CD44 and osteoclast) and Kruskal–Wallis’ test (for IL-10) followed by a post hoc test in which the result of p < 0.05.

Results Scaffold from a combination of AGSH increased CD44 expression significantly, which enhanced IL-10 expression thereby decreased the number of osteoclasts in socket healing on days 3 and 7.

Conclusion Scaffold of AG shell–S. hermanni with a concentration of 0.8% was effective to enhance CD44 and IL-10 expression to decrease osteoclast in socket healing after tooth extraction.
Effect of Manual versus Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty on Cervical Spine Static and Dynamic Postures
Authors: Scholl Laura Y. , Hampp Emily L. , Alipit Vincent , Sodhi Nipun , Bhowmik-Stoker Manoshi , Dropkin Jonathan , Chen Antonia F. , Mont Michael A.
Published: January 2021

This study compared surgeon cervical (C) spine postures and repetitive motions when performing traditional manual total knee arthroplasty (MTKA) versus robotic-assisted TKA (RATKA). Surgeons wore motion trackers on T3 vertebra and the occiput anatomical landmarks to obtain postural and repetitive motion data during MTKA and RATKA performed on cadavers. We assessed (1) flexion–extension at T3 and the occiput anatomical landmarks, (2) range of motion (ROM) as the percentage of time in the flexion–extension angle, (3) repetition rate, defined as the number of the times T3 and the occiput flexion-extension angle exceeded ±10°; and (4) static posture, where T3 or occiput postures exceed 10° for more than 30 seconds. The average T3 flexion–extension angle for MTKA cases was 5-degree larger than for RATKA cases (19 ± 8 vs. 14 ± 8 degrees). The surgeons who performed MTKA cases spent 15% more time in nonneutral C-spine ROM than those who performed RATKA cases (78 ± 25 vs. 63 ± 36%, p < 0.01). The repetition rate at T3 was 4% greater for MTKA than RATKA (14 ± 5 vs. 10 ± 6 reps/min). The percentage of time spent in static T3 posture was 5% greater for overall MTKA cases than for RATKA cases (15 ± 3 vs. 10 ± 3%). In this cadaveric study, we found differences in cervical and thoracic ergonomics between manual and robotic–assisted TKA. Specifically, we found that RATKA may reduce a surgeon's ergonomic strain at both the T3 and occiput locations by reducing the time the surgeon spends in a nonneutral position.
Surgical Interventions for Supratentorial Intracranial Hemorrhage: The Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Patel Smruti K. , Saleh Mohamed S. , Body Alaina , Zuccarello Mario
Published: January 2021

Spontaneous supratentorial intracranial hemorrhage is extremely disabling and is associated with high mortality. Primary treatment for patients with this disease process is maximal medical management with blood pressure control and correction of clotting disorders due to comorbid conditions or medications. Over the past decade, significant strides have been made in understanding the benefits of surgical intervention in the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage through multiple clinical trials. In this article, we review the evolution of surgical treatments beginning with the STICH trials, discuss new developments with minimally invasive surgical strategies, and provide a brief update regarding ongoing trials and future directions in the treatment of spontaneous supratentorial intracranial hemorrhage.
Increasing Trend of Calretinin-Positive Mucosal Innervation from Aganglionic Zone toward Transition Zone in Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Najjar Saleh , Ahn Sangtae , Umrau Kavita , Erdem Arslan Mustafa , Jennings Timothy A. , Whyte Christine , Lee Hwajeong
Published: January 2021

Introduction Diagnosis of very short-segment Hirschsprung's disease (vsHD) by rectal suction biopsy is challenging as its aganglionic zone (AZ) overlaps with physiologic hypoganglionic zone and calretinin-positive mucosal nerves may extend from the transition zone (TZ) into AZ. We studied whether an increasing trend/gradient of calretinin-positive mucosal nerves along the distance from AZ toward TZ aids in diagnosis of HD.

Materials and Methods In this study, 46 rectal suction biopsies from non-HD and HD, and 15 pull-through specimens from short-segment HD were evaluated by mucosal calretinin immunostain (CI) and image processing and analysis (IPA) to measure pixel count (PC, the percentage of calretinin stained pixels in the mucosa). Consecutive longitudinal sections of proximal AZ toward distal TZ in HD pull-through specimens were utilized as a vsHD surrogate model. First, we studied variability of mucosal CI in non-HD biopsies along the distance from dentate line. Second, we determined a cutoff point of mucosal CI by IPA that separated non-HD versus HD and applied this cutoff to longitudinal sections from proximal AZ to distal TZ segments in HD pull-through specimens. Third, we studied whether an increasing trend of mucosal CI was universally observed in HD pull-through.

Results Our findings included a significant variability in PC along the biopsy distance in non-HD cases. Positive mucosal CI was found in proximal AZ in 6 (43%) of 14 HD pull-through, among which 1 case lacked submucosal nerve hypertrophy in the proximal AZ. All 14 HD pull-through cases showed an increasing trend/gradient of PC from AZ toward TZ.

Conclusion Based on our findings, the presence or absence of mucosal CI positivity and submucosal nerve hypertrophy may not reliably diagnose vsHD in rectal suction biopsy. While we acknowledge that the density of mucosal innervation in variable contexts and anatomical locations is unknown and yet to be explored, our study suggests that an increasing trend of positive mucosal CI from AZ toward TZ by IPA might prove to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of vsHD in the future.
A value-driven approach to addressing misinformation in social media
Authors: Komendantova Nadejda , Ekenberg Love , Svahn Mattias , Larsson Aron , Shah Syed Iftikhar Hussain , Glinos Myrsini , Koulolias Vasilis , Danielson Mats
Published: January 2021

Misinformation in social media is an actual and contested policy problem given its outreach and the variety of stakeholders involved. In particular, increased social media use makes the spread of misinformation almost universal. Here we demonstrate a framework for evaluating tools for detecting misinformation using a preference elicitation approach, as well as an integrated decision analytic process for evaluating desirable features of systems for combatting misinformation. The framework was tested in three countries (Austria, Greece, and Sweden) with three groups of stakeholders (policymakers, journalists, and citizens). Multi-criteria decision analysis was the methodological basis for the research. The results showed that participants prioritised information regarding the actors behind the distribution of misinformation and tracing the life cycle of misinformative posts. Another important criterion was whether someone intended to delude others, which shows a preference for trust, accountability, and quality in, for instance, journalism. Also, how misinformation travels is important. However, all criteria that involved active contributions to dealing with misinformation were ranked low in importance, which shows that participants may not have felt personally involved enough in the subject or situation. The results also show differences in preferences for tools that are influenced by cultural background and that might be considered in the further development of tools.
Shear-induced microstructure of carbon black suspensions
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: January 2021

Results indicate that the self-similar agglomerate breakup process depends on a modified Mason number that accounts for both particle and fluid stress contributions.
Numerical investigation of solitary wave stability for quantum dissipative systems
Authors: Goudon T. , Vivion L.
Published: January 2021

We consider a simple model describing the interaction of a quantum particle with a vibrational environment, which eventually acts as a friction on the particle. This equation admits soliton-like solutions, and we numerically investigate their stability when subjected to a small initial impulsion. Our findings illustrate the analogies with the behavior of classical particles and the relevance of asymptotic models.
Nanofabrication of graphene field-effect transistors by thermal scanning probe lithography
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Huang Zhujun , Zheng Xiaorui , Shahrjerdi Davood , Riedo Elisa
Published: January 2021

The development of a scalable and cost-effective nanofabrication method is of key importance for future advances in nanoelectronics. Thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) is a growing nanopatterning method with potential for parallelization, offering unique capabilities that make it an attractive candidate for industrial nanomanufacturing. Here, we demonstrate the possibility to apply t-SPL for the fabrication of graphene devices. In particular, we use t-SPL to produce high performing graphene-based field effect transistors (FETs). The here described t-SPL process includes the fabrication of high-quality metal contacts, as well as patterning and etching of graphene to define the active region of the device. The electrical measurements on the t-SPL fabricated FETs indicate a symmetric conductance at the Dirac point and a low specific contact resistance without the use of any contact engineering strategy. The entire t-SPL nanofabrication process is performed without the need for masks, and in ambient conditions. Furthermore, thanks to the t-SPL in situ simultaneous patterning and imaging capability, no markers are required. These features substantially decrease fabrication time and cost.
High-bandwidth, variable-resistance differential noise thermometry
Authors: Talanov A. V. , Waissman J. , Taniguchi T. , Watanabe K. , Kim P.
Published: January 2021

We have developed Johnson noise thermometry applicable to mesoscopic devices with variable source impedance with high bandwidth for fast data acquisition. By implementing differential noise measurement and two-stage impedance matching, we demonstrate noise measurement in the frequency range of 120 MHz–250 MHz with a wide sample resistance range of 30 Ω–100 kΩ tuned by gate voltages and temperature. We employed high-frequency, single-ended low noise amplifiers maintained at a constant cryogenic temperature in order to maintain the desired low noise temperature. We have achieved thermometer calibration with temperature precision up to 650 μK measuring a 200 mK temperature modulation on a 10 K background with 30 s of averaging. Using this differential noise thermometry technique, we measured thermal conductivity on a bilayer graphene sample spanning the metallic and semiconducting regimes in a wide resistance range, and we compared it to the electrical conductivity.
Electrical cross talk of a frequency division multiplexing readout for a transition edge sensor bolometer array
Authors: Wang Q. , Khosropanah P. , van der Kuur J. , de Lange G. , Audley M. D. , Aminaei A. , Hijmering R. , Ridder M. L. , Ilyas S. , van der Linden A. J. , Bruijn M. P. , van der Tak F. , Gao J. R.
Published: January 2021

We have characterized and mapped the electrical cross talk (ECT) of a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) system with a transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer array, which is intended for space applications. By adding a small modulation at 120 Hz to the AC bias voltage of one bolometer and measuring the cross talk response in the current noise spectra of the others simultaneously, we have for the first time mapped the ECT level of 61 pixels with a nominal frequency spacing of 32 kHz in a 61 × 61 matrix and a carrier frequency ranging from 1 MHz to 4 MHz. We find that about 94% of the pixels show an ECT level of less than 0.4%. Only the adjacent pixels reach this level, and the ECT for the rest of the pixels is less than 0.1%. We also observe higher ECT levels, up to 10%, between some of the pixels, which have bundled long, parallel coplanar wires connecting TES bolometers to inductor–capacitor filters. In this case, the high mutual inductances dominate. To mitigate this source of ECT, the coplanar wires should be replaced by microstrip wires in the array. Our study suggests that an FDM system can have a relatively low ECT level, e.g., around 0.4% if the frequency spacing is 30 kHz. Our results successfully demonstrate a low electrical cross talk for a space FDM technology.
Achieving selective snapping-back and enhanced hysteresis in soft mechanical metamaterials via fiber reinforcement
Authors: Sun Shanwen , An Ning , Wang Guoli , Li Meie , Zhou Jinxiong
Published: January 2021

When a soft mechanical metamaterial, consisting of a regular array of representative volume elements (RVEs), is stressed up to a large strain, the delicately tailored behavior of the RVE does not prevail in the metamaterial due to the boundary effect and manufacturing imperfections. A metamaterial sheet comprising RVEs designed for snapping-back behavior exhibits random snapping-through instability when uniaxially stretched. We conceptualize that loss of representativeness of RVE can be avoided by introducing fiber reinforcement to regulate boundary conditions. Through a combination of experiments and numerical simulation, we demonstrate that fiber reinforcements tune behavior of a metamaterial sheet from random snapping-through to sequential and even selective snapping-back instability by introducing small structural variations. Ideal snapping-back instability, characterized by sharp variations of forces in both loading and unloading processes, is captured, while the latter is typically hard to observe in real experiments. Enhanced energy dissipation rate from 25.3% for the case without fiber to 46.4% for the case with fiber-reinforcement is recorded in experiments, when the metamaterial sheet is stretched up to 200% and then released to restore its original length.
High-performance coded aperture gamma camera based on monolithic GAGG:Ce crystal
Authors: He Wen , Wang Yingjie , Liang Xiuzuo , Zhou Wei , Zhu Meiling , Han Xiaorou , Zhai Jiajia , Zeng Xiangtao , Feng Baotong , Tang Haohui , Li Daowu , Zhang Zhiming , Wei Long , Huang Xianchao
Published: January 2021

A 50 × 50 × 10 mm3 monolithic gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (Gd3Al2Ga3O12; GAGG):Ce crystal coupled to a 8 × 8 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array was developed; it showed very good system uniformity and a high energy resolution of 7.4% at 662 keV. By using a convolutional neural network-based positioning algorithm and a fan-beam calibration method, the detector achieved a position resolution of ∼1.4 mm and a depth of interaction resolution of ∼2 mm. Based on this high-performance monolithic detector, we developed a coded aperture gamma camera. A 1-mCi Cs-137 source centered at a 2-m distance from the mask could be reconstructed with a signal-to-noise ratio of 6.5 in 1 s. Furthermore, the imaging ability of a low-energy Am-241 source and a low-activity Cs-137 source when the background-to-signal ratio was approximately 1:1 and a double low-activity source (Cs-137 and Na-22) was demonstrated. It is shown that the monolithic-crystal-based coded aperture gamma camera can achieve high performance and has a large potential for further improvement.