bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spinal canal invasion as a predictor of neurological deficit in traumatic vertebral burst fractures
Authors: Montes-Aguilar Oscar Josue , Alaniz-Sida Karmen Karina , Dufoo-Olvera Manuel , Ladewig-Bernaldez Guillermo Ivan , Oropeza-Oropeza Edith , Gómez-Flores Gerson , Pérez-Rios Jeasson Javier , Miguel-Zambrano Alejandro , Ochoa-González Maurilio Vicente , Tirado-Ornelas Héctor Alonso
Published: September 2022

Background:

This study correlated the extent of spinal canal compression from retropulsed traumatic burst cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine fractures with the severity of neurological dysfunction.

Methods:

One hundred and sixty-nine patients with cervical, thoracic, or lumbar sub-axial traumatic burst fractures were seen in an emergency department from 2019 to 2021; 79.3% were men, averaging 37 years of age. The lumbar spine was most frequently involved (42%), followed by the thoracic (36.1%) and cervical (21.9%) levels. The extent of spinal canal compression was quantitated utilizing Hashimoto’s method, and correlated with patients’ extent of neurological injury based on their American Spinal Injury Association scores.

Results:

There was a positive correlation between the extent of cervical and thoracic spinal cord compression due to retro pulsed burst fragments and the severity of the patients’ neurological deficits, but this was not true for the lumbar spine.

Conclusion:

The extent of spinal cord compression from retropulsed cervical and thoracic traumatic burst fractures was readily correlated with the severity of patients’ neurological dysfunction. However, there was no such correlation between the extent of cauda equina compression from retropulsed lumbar burst fractures and the severity of their cauda equina syndromes.
Controlled Cationic Disordering Eliminates Irreversible Anionic Redox for High-Energy-Density Lithium Battery
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Wang Minjun , Ke Changming , Zhang Han , Chen Juner , Liu Shi
Published: September 2022

Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) that can support both cationic and anionic redox chemistry are promising cathode materials, but they often suffer from significant oxygen evolution when first charged to a high voltage, resulting in a large capacity loss and deteriorated durability in subsequent charge-discharge cycles. We reported a simple method to eliminate the irreversible anionic redox in Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2 via low-potential charge-discharge activation (LOWPA), achieving an ultra-high reversible capacity of 322 mAh g-1 (corresponding to 1141 Wh kg-1) as well as improved cycling durability and rate capability. Combined experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that LOWPA enables a delicate control of the order-to-disorder transformation of the transition metal layers of LLOs, leading to a cation-disordered structure that can support reversible oxygen redox up to 4.8 V by forming a stable ozonic ion (O3-). This LOWPA approach is simple and effective, boosting the development of high-energy-density batteries based on the oxygen-redox chemistry.
Rhodium-catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Transfer Hydroiodination of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Boehm Philip , Kehl Niklas , Morandi Bill
Published: September 2022

A rhodium-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov hydroiodination of aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkynes is reported. Depending on the choice of ligand and substrate, either (E)- or (Z)-configured alkenyl iodides are obtained in high to exclusive isomeric purity. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance, employing easily accessible or commercially available aliphatic iodides as HI surrogates through a shuttle process. The synthesized vinyl iodides were applied in several C–C and C–heteroatom bond-forming reactions with full retention of the stereoselectivity. The developed method could be used to significantly shorten the total synthesis of a marine cis-fatty acid. Additionally, initial deuterium-labeling experiments and stoichiometric reactions shed some light on the potential reaction mechanism.
Smart home systems based on the internet of things
Authors: Vimlesh Singh , Amrinder Kaur , Merugu Dheeraj Kumar , Kaluva Srinivas Reddy
Published: September 2022

Smart home systems have gained a lot of popularity in recent decades as it increases the comfort and quality of life. The most amazing home systems are due to mobile phones and microcontrollers. Mobile control-based apps have screen limitations but are easy to manage. An insightful look at the smart home, broken down into different applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This IoT framework establishes a set of sensors, actuators, a system manager, platforms, and associated control devices. This paper discusses the four-layer IoT architecture, IoT paradigms, issues, and challenges.
A survey on android mobile based application and its security
Authors: Sybi Cynthia , Mary Gladence , Julia Punitha Malar Dhas
Published: September 2022

It is undeniable that the significance of mobile phones in our daily life and activities is endless. The reason for this is because the mobile phone is undergoing a huge transformation and is no longer the normal communication device of the past. It has become a huge concern for entities and industries alike due to the variety of incredible features and openings that mobile phones offer. This study sounds to explore the use of mobile phone services in educational settings, banking systems, irrigation facilities, women's safety, etc., and explore the nature of mobile use in today's society. This review talks about mobile phone applications and their challenges used by mobile internet users and various applications. Today, given the large number of mobile phones and users, the security of mobile applications is very important. Identifying these challenges will assist the industries to be ready for efficient mobile application development and enable them in the successful completion of mobile application development projects. It is recommended that practitioners would contribute more attention to the frequently mentioned challenges identified in academia and industry. In future, more empirical studies are needed to revise the existing studies with more diverse practitioners.
Caracterización del impacto de la pandemia por Covid- 19 en el servicio de cirugía Gineco-oncológica en dos instituciones de III nivel en Colombia
Authors: Caicedo Páez Lina Maria , Serranoi Oscar , Santana Diana , Bonilla Carlos , Rodríguez Martha , Luna Joaquín
Published: September 2022

Introducción: La declaración de una pandemia de COVID-19 ha generado múltiples cambios en el manejo de los pacientes con cáncer por temor al contagio en las instituciones de salud, lo que llevo a posponer el inicio de tratamientos y prolongar tiempos de seguimiento, sin conocer el impacto en el pronóstico y supervivencia. Este estudio describe la experiencia de un grupo de ginecología oncológica, que continuó el programa quirúrgico sin variaciones en el volumen de pacientes o tiempos de programación.

Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte observacional retrospectivo, incluyó a 156 pacientes que se les realizo cirugía programada en el Servicio de Ginecología Oncológica, del 15 de marzo al 15 de julio de 2020. Se describieron las tasas de infección sintomática y mortalidad por COVID 19, con un seguimiento hasta 30 días después del procedimiento quirúrgico en pacientes y en el grupo de cirujanos

Resultados: Se reclutaron 156 pacientes, se analizaron 154 casos. La edad media de los pacientes fue 50 años (21,4% mayores de 60 años). El 13,4% eran obesos. El 96,7% recibieron anestesia general. El diagnóstico oncológico más frecuente fue carcinoma de cuello uterino en 19,4% de los casos. El abordaje quirúrgico se realizó de forma abierta en el 69% de los casos y laparoscópica en el 20%. La complicación mas frecuente fue la infección del sitio quirúrgico (1,9%).

Conclusión: Es posible continuar con un manejo oncológico quirúrgico oportuno y seguro, sin incrementar las tasas de complicaciones y mortalidad por COVID-19 en los pacientes y el grupo quirúrgico.
Enterocolitis Necrotizante ¿qué utilidad tiene la ecografía en pacientes con esta patología?
Authors: Velosa Moreno Andres Felipe
Published: September 2022

La enterocolitis necrotizante es una enfermedad gastrointestinal inflamatoria severa que afecta a los recién nacidos con factores de riesgo específicos, tiene alta tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad; y es una de las patologías que necesitan atención inmediata en neonatología, el método de diagnóstico es la radiografía simple de abdomen donde están descritos múltiples signos y junto con la clínica se puede clasificar en el estado de gravedad en el que se encuentra la patología, por convención el seguimiento clínico de estos pacientes se realiza con radiografía simple de abdomen; Pero que utilidad tiene la ecografía en el seguimiento de estos pacientes, que ventajas y desventajas tiene frente a la radiografía convencional. En este artículo se responden estas preguntas de una forma sistemática en base a la literatura y un caso realizado en la Clínica Universitaria Sanitas.
THE PRESS OF QUEBEC: FROM BIRTH TO RECOGNITION OF QUEBEC NATION (1764-2006)
Authors: Ovcharenko Elena
Published: September 2022

The new Monograph (in two volumes) of Elena F. Ovcharenko, PhD, Canadian Studies Researcher, presents Quebec Francophone Press History from its source to the modern state. The author analyses Quebec Periodicals through French-Canadian Question and its Causal Relation with Media Regionalism Problem. The first volume of Monograph is opened by brief excurse of Quebec Studies in USSR and PostSoviet Russia. Then the author focuses attention on information transmission before the first Quebec Newspapers and examines in detail Quebec Periodicals of XVIII-XIX centuries. The Monograph is addressed for researchers and professors of foreign press, for students and post-graduate students (Journalism&Media Communications Departments).
Kajian Peranan Pariwisata Halal Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Mandalika Untuk Peningkatan Sektor Pariwisata Pulau Lombok
Authors: Gita Nararya Arina , Chofyan Ivan , Pranggono Bambang
Published: September 2022

Islam memberikan dorongan kepada umatnya untuk berinovasi dalam keilmuan selama yang terkandung di dalamnya tidak menyimpang dari syariat Islam. Salah satunya kegiatan melakukan perjalanan atau pariwisata. Dalam nawacita terdapat program pengembangan 10 (sepuluh) destinasi wisata nasional, salah satunya berada di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Mandalika di Pulau Lombok yang akan dibangun dalam konsep pariwisata halal. Hasil analisis menunjukan kriteria yang diperlukan dalam pariwisata halal diantaranya terdapat fasilitas ibadah yang layak, terdapat makanan halal atau jaminan makanan tidak mengandung babi dan olahan bahan haram lainnya, serta kegiatan yang dilakukan terhindar dari kemusrikan, dan tindakan tercela lainnya. Pulau Lombok pernah mengalami bencana gempa bumi berkekuatan 7 (tujuh) Skala Ritchers yang mengakibatkan banyak korban jiwa dan kerugian karena hancurnya rumah penduduk dan sarana prasarana pariwisata. Peranan KEK Mandalika untuk meningkatkan kembali sektor pariwisata di Lombok, yaitu menguatkan hubungan manusia dengan Allah, memberikan lapangan pekerjaan baru bagi masyarakat Lombok, membantu pelestarian budaya masyarakat lokal.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES’ SELECTION: OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: Shedyakov Vladimir
Published: September 2022

The main task of the text is to characterize the harmony of strategy, tactics and operations of transformations as a single complex, opportunities and threats for it, predetermining the optimization of the organizational and managerial choice. The applied methods are based on the unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis. A feature of the elaboration is the consideration of the development of a managerial decision as a process of co-creation. To optimize its result, the author analysed the opportunities and threats from the point of view an objective and subjective, fundamental and relevant nature. The decisive differences in the conditions and environment for the realizing of organizational and managerial selection are highlighted, in particular, the period of forced transformations of the post-global transition. The role of hyper-industrialization in the transition to accomplishing of constant modernization is shown. The place of the social environment, Super-project and development clusters for stimulating the desired transformations is characterized. The potential of a flexible balance of strategy, tactics and operational art in the combination of the possibilities of national and regional government and local self-management in the carrying out of reflexive transformations has been revealed.
Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis associated with palpable purpura after COVID 19 Vaccination: A case report and a literature review
Authors: Daniela Tirotta  , Francesco Girelli  , Maurizio Tassinari  , Vincenzo Mazzeo  , Paolo Muratori
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) vaccination is mostly safe and effective: adverse events following Covid-19 vaccination are generally mild and well tolerated. Adverse reactions may include cutaneous reactions and, rarely, cutaneous small vessel vasculitis associated with palpable purpura. We present the case of a small-vessel vasculitis after Covid-19 vaccination that manifested with no organ involvement or systemic symptoms, associated with self-resolution, and a review of the cases described in literature. We have collected the epidemiological and clinical features of these cases.
Discovery of antiadhesins of Helicobacter pylori from existing drugs and medicines for malaria ventures pathogen box compounds
Authors: Kenneth Obiakor  , Onyeka Chinwuba Obidiegwu  , Keziah Uchechi Ajah  , Christian Chidebe  , Ajuzie Henry Ogechi  , Ikemefuna Chijioke Uzochukwu
Published: September 2022

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is a worldwide problem with more than half of the world's population in both developed and developing countries are infected with this organism. The best-characterized H. pylori adhesins, Blood group antigen binding Adhesin (BabA) and Sialic acid binding Adhesin (SabA) are virulent factors which facilitate adhesion of the bacteria to the host cells. Methods: We determined the binding affinities of selected existing drugs and medicines for malaria venture pathogen box compounds to H. pylori adhesin receptors by molecular docking simulations. The 3D crystal structures of H. pylori adhesin receptors were obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB). The receptors were prepared for molecular docking simulations using PyMol 1.3, Chimera 1.9 and AutoDock tools 1.5.6. The 3D structures of the selected existing drugs and Medicines for Malaria Ventures (MMV) pathogen box compounds were obtained from ZINC and PubChem databases. They were prepared for molecular docking simulations using AutoDock tools 1.5.6. Docking protocols were validated by reproducing the PDB crystal structures in silico. Molecular docking simulations were executed with a virtual screening script using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 on a Linux platform. Results: Entacapone, sildenafil, gemcitabine, tolcapone, rabeprazole, tolazamide, teriflunomide, sulfamethazine, cefotetan, talbutal, mitotane, tolbutamide, piperazine showed higher average binding affinities than the reference compound nitazoxanide molecular dynamics of one front runner with the reference ligand and protein were done at 1000 ps. Rabeprazole showed lower stability than the reference drug after molecular dynamics simulation. Conclusion: The identified existing drugs from molecular docking simulations with higher average binding affinities are predicted as possible H. pylori multi-target antiadhesins.
Monetary policy and unemployment rate in Nigeria: An empirical investigation
Authors: Chukwuemeka Nwamuo
Published: September 2022

The study investigated the impact of monetary policy on unemployment rate in Nigeria. Time series data spanning from 1981 to 2020 was sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and national bureau of statistics (various editions). The ARDL bounds testing approach to co-integration was used to analyse the data. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Error Correction Model (ECM) were utilized to address the main objectives of the study. The estimated short run coefficient result revealed that prime lending rate has a positive and insignificant impact on unemployment rate while that minimum rediscount rate has a negative and insignificant impact on unemployment rate. The speed of adjustment for correcting disequilibrium from the previous year to equilibrium in current year is 81.9 percent as shown by the coefficient of ECM. The long run result of the study showed that there is a positive and significant impact between prime lending rate and unemployment rate in Nigeria but a negative and significant impact between minimum rediscount rate and unemployment rate in Nigeria. The run result equally revealed that there is a positive and insignificant impact between exchange rate and unemployment rate in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommended that the monetary authority should come up with policies that will reduce minimum rediscount rate as this will encourage borrowing of funds for investment purposes as this will help to reduce unemployment rate. Monetary authorities should also come up with policies that will stabilize exchange rate.
Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches of leaf ethanol extract Lantana Camara Linn with ethyl cellulose-poly vinyl pyrolidone polymer variations
Authors: Magfirah  , Indah kurnia utami
Published: September 2022

Lantana camara Linn is one of the plants that can help the wound healing process because it contains phenolic, flavonoids, and alkaloids that have antibacterial abilities against Staphylococcus epidermidis. but its use is still very simple, therefore it is necessary to develop traditional medicinal preparations in the transdermal patches with a combination of EC (Ethyl Cellulose) and PVP (Poly Vinyl Pyrolidone) polymers. This study aims to see the effect of using ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone based on the physical characteristics of the Formulation. Lantana camara Linn leaf ethanol extract was obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The transdermal patch formulation was made with 7 formulations with a combination of EC: PVP based on a simple lattice design. Evaluation of the physical properties of the transdermal patch consisted of patch weight test, thickness test, folding endurance test, loss on drying, and moisture uptake. It can be concluded that the results of the evaluation of the preparation showed that F1 was the best preparation with polymer variations EC: PVP: PEG (200 mg: 250 mg: 50 mg) with a patch weight of 1.2213 ± 0.040; patch thickness 6.76 ± 0.251; folding endurance 310.33 ± 6.80; loss on drying 2.37 % ±0.36 and moisture absorption 3.68 % ±0.68.
Conventional surgical excision for the treatment of Peripheral Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma Posterior Maxilla: Case report
Authors: Astrid Bernadette Ulina Purba  , Gatot Baydowi  , Ganendra Anugraha
Published: September 2022

Background: Peripheral Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma (PCOF) usually presents as epulis, represents 3.1% of all oral tumors and 9.6% of gingival lesions, is difficult to distinguish clinically and radiographically, requires anatomic histopathological confirmation, peaking in the 2nd and 3rd decades, high recurrence 8-20%. Objective: To report the case management of Peripheral Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma in posterior maxilla with conventional surgery excision surgery, curettage, extraction, and ostectomy. Case: A 42-year-old woman came to the Oral Surgery Clinic at RSUD Haji East Java Province Hospital, complaining of a lump in left maxillary gingiva since 2 years ago, with discomfort, often bitten, initially small, gradually enlarged and never shrinking, does not bleed easily, no lumps elsewhere, with sharp remnants of roots, loose teeth, and a history of vertigo. Discussion: The results of FNAB is Fibromatous Epulis, panoramic radiographic view of the loose periodontal ligament of tooth 27, radiolucent mixed radiopaque clearly demarcated in the distal portion of 27, no visible image of tooth 28. Calculus was cleaned before surgery. Treatments with conventional surgery were excision using a scalpel, curettage, ostectomy, and tooth extraction 27, 38. Histopathological results of postoperative anatomy showed bone trabeculae and “cementum like” tissue in accordance with cemento-ossifying fibroma. The patient was evaluated within 6 months, with no recurrence. Results: Treatment of peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma with conventional surgery with excision, curettage, ostectomy, and extraction of the causative tooth was successful.
Трансформация растительного покрова залежей в окрестностях природного парка «Кандры-Куль» (Республика Башкортостан)
Authors: Гареева С. А. , Хусаинов А. Ф. , Тагирова Олеся Васильевна , Гиниятуллин Р. Х. , Кулагин А. Ю.
Published: September 2022

Исследование в 2017 – 2021 гг. вторичной автогенной сукцессии залежных земель, примыкающих к природному парку «Кандры-Куль» (Туймазинский район Республики Башкортостан), выявило неравномерное восстановление растительности — ускоренное зарастание на начальных стадиях и замедленное — на поздних. В систематическом составе флоры залежей наблюдается преобладание маловидовых семейств и родов, что свидетельствует о значительной роли миграции в процессе флорогенеза. Сравнение жизненных форм показало преобладание гемикриптофитов при значительном участии терофитов (однолетних монокарпиков) на ранней и средней стадиях зарастания, а затем увеличение роли стержнекорневых поликарпиков, криптофитов-геофитов, хамефитов и микрофанерофитов на поздних стадиях сукцессии. В экологическом спектре по отношению к фактору увлажнения доминируют виды мезофитной ориентации, ксерофиты появляются на последних стадиях автогенной сукцессии. В ходе сукцессии на залежах наблюдается реализация модели толерантности, при которой на фоне ухудшения условий среды отмечено успешное поселение более толерантных видов и выбывание из флористических комплексов видов растений с низкой способностью к конкуренции. Также отмечено снижение надземной фитомассы, повышение уровня замкнутости растительных сообществ и обострения конкуренция за ресурсы. В конечном итоге, сукцессия ведет к формированию разнотравно-ковыльной степной растительности зонального типа.
Сравнительная оценка роста и оплаты корма приростом живой массы бычков мясных пород
Authors: Тлецерук Ирина Рашидовна , Алагирова Жанна Туземовна , Коник Нина Владимировна
Published: September 2022

Впервые в условиях Кабардино-Балкарской Республики на поголовье герефордского и казахского белоголового скота изучены особенности формирования роста и затраты корма на единицу прироста живой массы. Установлено, что при обеспеченности кормами за весь период выращивания и откорма (18 месяцев) на 1 голову 36,5 ц энергетических кормовых единиц и 4,05 ц переваримого протеина наибольшую живую массу достигли бычки герефордской породы, у которых она оказалась на 16,8 кг (P > 0,999) выше, чем у сверстников казахской белоголовой породы. В результате расчета среднесуточного прироста живой массы за 18 месяцев постэмбрионального развития установлено, что бычки герефордской породы превзошли значения, полученные от казахских белоголовых в среднем на 28 г (P > 0,99). Различия по затратам энергетических кормовых единиц на 1 кг прироста живой массы между группами варьировали в пределах 0,12 единиц, переваримого протеина — 13 г в пользу молодняка герефордской породы.
DASAR PEMIKIRAN MONETER DALAM SISTEM KEUANGAN ISLAM
Authors: Nurbaiti
Published: September 2022

Dasar pemikiran ekonomi moneter Terciptanya stabilitas permintaan uang dan mengarahkannya pada tujuan yg penting dan produktif
Differential expression of ADAMTS6 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of ADAMTS6, encoding ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 6, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. ADAMTS6 was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. ADAMTS6 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Sosioantropologi
Authors: Saleh Muhammad Fadhil
Published: September 2022

Antropologi kesehatan (Medical Anthropology) adalah ilmu yang mempelajari perilaku atau budaya masyarakat dalam bidang kesehatan. Antropologi menggunakan perspektif ekologis dalam memahami pola penyakit yang memandang manusia sebagai bagian dari biologi dan budaya. Antropologi yang membahas tentang manusia dari segi keragaman fisik, masyarakat dan budaya, dikembangkan lebih lanjut dengan kesehatan mulai dari sehat, sakit dan sembuh.
Seven practices that bias our understanding of benefits of nature for human health: suggestions for future research
Authors: Mygind Lærke , Bower Isabella Simone , Stevenson Matt P. , Mavoa Suzanne , Bentsen Peter , Enticott Peter Gregory
Published: September 2022

Natural environments are increasingly acknowledged as social determinants of mental, physical, and social health, and are a widely accessible multi-sectorial planning modality. Yet, in the context of several reviews conducted by the authors, we have observed that sometimes the multifarious, quantitative research investigating impacts of natural environments on human health is not conducted or reported to rigorous scientific standards 1–5. To constructively draw attention to this issue, we present and unpack seven research practices that obscure our understanding of the benefits of nature for human health: 1) circumventing the best available evidence, 2) uneven reporting and black boxing interventions, 3) confusing statistical significance with practical importance, 4) confusing correlation and causality, 5) data dredging and forking paths, 6) overlooking clustering in samples, and 7) ignoring selection in samples to derive generalised conclusions. This list is not exhaustive, but we expect that this compilation of practices will serve as a resource to support fidelity in conducting, analysing, and reporting in this promising field of research. We invite researchers, editors, and funders to discuss and expand the identified practices.
Konvexné skaláre pre uzavretý pravouhlý systém
Authors: Arsenio Leo
Published: September 2022

Nech je ľubovoľný. Bol to Fourier, kto si ako prvý položil otázku, či je možné opísať lokálne pseudoalgebrické funkcie. Ukážeme, že. Ďalej tu ide jednoznačne o kompaktnosť. Prelomová práca T. Moora o skalároch bola veľkým pokrokom.
Learning new learning: Maturing the public governance of non-formal education
Authors: Willems Jurgen , Andersson Fredrik O.
Published: September 2022

Non-formal education (NFE) is increasingly put forward by scholars and policy makers as a way to meet globally changing educational needs. However, a clear insight into how this sector can and should be governed is missing. Therefore, this article proposes a framework to help classify NFE governance challenges depending on the learning goals and content of various NFE programs, organizations, and networks. This framework serves to help practitioners identify public governance challenges depending on particular NFE contexts. For researchers, it provides an overview to explore, identify, and test the impact of factors that influence NFE practices and its effectiveness.
Efficacy of Combination of Meropenem with Gentamicin, and Amikacin against Resistant E. coli Isolated from Patients with UTIs: in vitro Study
Authors: A. abdul khaleq Maysaa , H. Abd Abdulkareem , A. dhahi Maysaa
Published: September 2022

Seventy five E. coli isolates were collected from urine of patients with urinary tract infections in AL-Kadhimia and AL-Yarmook teaching hospitals in Baghdad for a period between 22/11/2009 to 15/3/2010,  from these samples twenty five isolates were selected according to their pattern of the highest resistance as these showing multi-drug resistances and tested to specify their minimum inhibitory concentration for (meropenem, gentamicin and amikacin), meropenem was found having the lowest MIC comparing with others. This study also includes in vitro effects of various combinations of three types of antimicrobials (meropenem, gentamicin and amikacin) against twenty five E. coli isolates.Among combinations the combination of meropenem with the other types of antimicrobials showed high synergistic effect when 1/4+1/4 MIC for each antimicrobial were used. While combinations of amikacin with gentamicin in some isolates showed additive effect when 1/2+1/2 MIC for each antimicrobial were used. The plasmid profile for the twenty five E. coli isolates were studied using Pure Yeild â„¢ plasmid Miniprep system- Cat.# A1220 â€“ Promega- USA. In order to determined the presence of plasmid for antimicrobials resistance.
Synthesis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Study of 2-Amino-5-Mercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives
Authors: A. Ameen Husam , J. Qasir Ahlam
Published: September 2022

Nitrogen heterocycles are of a special interest because they constitute an important class of natural and non natural products, many of which exhibit useful biological activities.Among these nitrogen heterocycles are 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole containing compounds. The therapeutic effects of these derivatives have been well studied for a number of pathological conditions including inflammation, pain, or hypertension. Moreover, synthesis of thiadiazoles has attracted wide-spread attention due to their diverse applications as antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal anti-inflammatory and antidepressant agents.According to this informationâ€™s new derivatives of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole were designed and synthesized and in the hope of having some activities as antibacterial and antifungal. These are:

4-(((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol.

Tert-butyl (1- ((2- ((5- (methylsulfonyl) -1,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl) amino) -2- oxoethyl)amino) -1-oxopropan - 2-yl) carbamate.

Key words: 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole, biological activity, peptides, Schiff base.
The Effects of Aloe vera Gel, Sesame Oil and Camphor Oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burnt Patients
Authors: T. Flayyih May , Q. Majeed Raghad
Published: September 2022

Three isolates of  P. aeruginosa were isolated from burnt patients. The ability of these isolates for adhesion and formation of slime layer were tested, the result showed that all isolates were able to adherence on the smooth surface. The sensitivity of  P. aeruginosa isolates for antibiotics were tested , all isolates were sensitive  to Gentamycin, Piperacillin and Amikacin Ciprofloxacin, and  resist to Tetracyclin, Amoxicillin, Cephalexine , Ceftriaxone. Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin were found effective against P. aeruginosa isolates with MIC values of 3.8 Î¼g/ ml for  Ciprofloxacin  and 0.244 Î¼g/ ml for Amikacin The antibacterial effect of Different concentrations of Aloe vera gel, Sesame Oil and Camphor Oil against P. aeruginosa were determined, Camphor was highly effective with Concentration inhibit bacteria value of 10% followed by Sesame Oil (20%) and Aloe vera gel (>75%). The combinations of Aloe vera gel, Sesame Oil and Camphor Oil and antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin ) showed that the efficacy of  the two antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin ) against P.aeroginosa isolates was improved in the presence of Aloe vera gel, Sesame Oil and Camphor Oil.

Key words : Aloe vera gel, Sesame Oil , Camphor Oil , Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Misuse of appetite- stimulant drugs in Babylon#
Authors: K. Saleh Shafaq
Published: September 2022

Drug misuse is defined as using of drugs for a non-therapeutic or non-medical purpose. In Iraq drug misuse is a major problem because almost any drug can be easily obtained from pharmacies. Appetite- stimulant drugs are example of drugs that are widely used without a prescription. The study included 230 patients who use these drugs in Babylon. A questionnaire included the following questions ; age, sex, marital state, the reason for use the drug , whether the drug is prescribed by physician or not , type of drug used , the frequency of daily dose and lastly the extent of side effects of the drugs used. The results showed that the age range of 35% of subjects were (17-21) years old and 70% of participants were females. The study also showed that 62% of them are unmarried  and the reason for use, in 48% of subjects, was to increase the body weight. Furthermore, this study revealed that about 68% of those subjects utilized these drugs without prescription and the steroids are the most drug type used (33%). Additionally, 44% of subjects used these drugs twice daily and 80% of subjects who used steroids developed marked side effects. It can be concluded that there is a misuse of appetite- stimulant drugs in subjects participated in this study and most of these drugs are not used on therapeutic or scientific bases.

Key words : Misuse of drug , appetite-stimulant, dexamethasone.
The Correlation between Serum Total Adiponectin and Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Microalbuminuria
Authors: S. Khamis Ammar , H. Ali Shatha , I. Al-Lehibi Khalid
Published: September 2022

Low serum total adiponectin is associated with a high incidence of type 2 diabetes or coronary artery disease in the general population. Paradoxically, serum total adiponectin is elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as overt diabetic nephropathy. The current study aimed to investigate whether or not  anemia to be dependently associated with serum level of total adiponectin in  non-albuminuric male patients with type 2 diabetes . The study included 42 type 2 diabetic male patients. Anemia was deï¬ned as hemoglobin (Hb) below 14.0g/dL. All the patients were without microalbuminuria, to exclude diabetic nephropathy. The diabetic patients were divided into 2 groups according to the hemoglobin level in addition to 16 healthy control group. Serum total adiponectin levels were measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In all 42 patients with type 2 diabetes, serum total adiponectin levels were correlated positively with serum creatinine and age, whereas, negative correlations were found with Hb. A stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that among several signiï¬cant variables, Hb had the strongest independent inï¬‚uence on total adiponectin (Î² = -0.512, at P < 0.01). In conclusion, anemia could be associated with a marked elevation in serum total adiponectin levels of diabetic patients without a detectable nephropathy (-ve microalbuminuria).

Key words: Type2 Diabetes, Adiponectin, Hemoglobin,Microalbuminuria.
Phytochemical Study of Flavonoid "Casticin" Present in the Fruits of Vitex agnus-castus L. Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: A. Shakir Aous , J. Awad Zainab
Published: September 2022

This study detects the presence of an important flavonoid "Casticin" in the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus L. grown in Iraq. The pharmaceutical importance of Casticin arise from its consideration as anti-tumor substance and have cytotoxic effects, and the absence of any study concerning Casticin content of this medicinal plant in Iraq, gave this study its importance. This study concerned with the extraction, identification, isolation and purification  of Casticin from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus L. The extraction of this compound was carried out using  two methods. Identification of this compound was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) in which three different solvent system has been tried. This identification was further augmented by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and then this

compound was isolated and purified. Identification of the isolated Casticin was carried out using melting point (M.P.), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and Infrared spectroscopy (IR). This study confirms the presence of Casticin in the fruits of  Vitex agnus-castus L. grown in Iraq.

Key words : Vitex agnus â€“ castus , Flavanoid , Casticin
Synthesis and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of Esters and Amides Derivatives of Naproxen as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Authors: N â€“ A . Omar Tagreed
Published: September 2022

4-chloro and 4- nitro substituted phenol and aniline incorporated to a carboxylic group of naproxen a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to increase bulkiness were synthesized for evaluation as  a potential anti-inflammatory agents with expected COX-2 selectivity. In vivo acute anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds (I-IV) was evaluated in rats using egg-white induced edema model of inflammation in a dose equivalent to (2.5 mg/Kg) of naproxen. All tested compounds produced a significant reduction in paw edema with respect to the effect of propylene glycol 50% v/v (control group). Moreover, compounds I and IV might show higher effect comparable to that of naproxen and to that of compounds II & III which may attribute to the higher effect of nitro group than chloride group. The results of this study indicate that esterification and amidation of naproxen with selected pharmacophoric groups enhance or maintain its anti-inflammatory activity.    

 Keywords: anti-inflammatory; naproxen derivatives.
Comparative Analysis of the Fatty Acid Pattern of Silybum marianum with Nigella sativa by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: N. Sabir Mohammed , K. Rachid Shwan
Published: September 2022

Many studied were conducted to evaluate the antihepatotoxic and antioxidant activities of Silybum marianum and proved these actions. The Naturally grown seed in Iraqi-Kurdistan Region also were studied for its chemical contents and biological activities. Vegetable oils occur in various plant parts mainly concentrated in the seeds.

In this study comparison was made between the fatty acid patterns of two plant seeds, Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa. Seed sample of Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa were exposed for extraction and isolation of the fatty acid contents using two different solvents (petroleum ether and n-hexane) at 60-80oC using soxhlet apparatus and the oily extract were purified and analysed by GC-MS triplet system.

Result showed that extraction with petroleum ether yielded 23% and 24% of total weight of the seeds of Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa respectively and comparable results with n-hexane extract yielded 17% and 22% of total seed weight of Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa respectively showing significant differences in the fatty acids patterns of both plants under research.

Key words: Fatty acids, GC-MS, Silybum marianum, natural products, cardiovascular diseases.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative Cytotoxic Evaluation of bis-(2- mercaptoacetate) gold (III) chloride
Authors: A. AlOmari Nohad
Published: September 2022

In recent years , the interest in gold (III) species have gained more and more attention for cancer chemotherapy , this was stimulating by the possibility to develop new agents with mode of action and clinical profile different from the established platinum metalodrugs.

With this frame, recently new square planar Au(III)  complexes (Au(L)(L')n); where L=SCH2COO- ; L'=HSCH2COO- had been synthesized with S/O â€“ donor ligands.

In this article and by the aim to replace, one of (L') ligand by anion chloride ligand (which supposedly more relevant for the biodistribution of the compound than for its pharmacodynamic effects), new complex (Au(L')2 Cl) was synthesized :

         (H (AuCl4) + 2 HSCH2COO -Na+                                                          Au(L')2 Cl)          

The prepared complex was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, H'NMR, UV,  molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility and its anticancer activity was tested against Hep-2 cell line.

   The comparative figure  of the cytotoxic activities  of all the synthesized complexes against Hep-2 cell line , showed cytotoxic profile variant to  the well- known anticancer drug cisplatin , indicated that there is no direct correlation exists between the nature of the ligands (L),(L') and (Cl-)  , their different arrangements around central metal core with their  collectives cytotoxic results. 

Key words: S/O â€“ donor ligands. , gold (III), cytotoxic
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study of Possible Mutual Prodrugs of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole by Direct and Indirect Coupling through Spacer
Authors: A. Ali Beg Ammar , J. Qasir Ahlam
Published: September 2022

Amoxicillin have been conjugated with metronidazole as possible mutual prodrug to get a wider spectrum of activity by acting on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, have antifungal activity, to provide protection for beta lactam ring of amoxicillin and also to improve patient compliance as it given as a single dose therapy. The structures of the synthesized compound were confirmed and characterized using elemental microanalysis (CHN), IR and some physiochemical properties. Biological study was done by using  disc diffusion method against different bacterial strains which are , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella typhie , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , E. coli , Klebsiella pneumonia and fungi ( Candida albicans) . using nutrient agar medium and 5 mm diameter paper discs. The synthesized compounds showed maintenance or improvement of the antimicrobial activity especially compound (II) showed superior activity in comparison with compounds (I, III) .

Key words: Amoxicillin , Metronidazole , Mutual prodrug .
Preparation, Characterization, and in - vivo Evaluation of Daptomycin Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Microspheres
Authors: H. Samein Laith
Published: September 2022

Polymeric microsphere devices occupy a wide range in the field of controlled drug delivery. Subcutaneous injectable preparations of Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere of Daptomycine were prepared by solvent extraction/evaporation technique using different copolymers ratio and molecular weights. Four formulations were prepared (F1-F4) and characterized in term of particle size, surface morphology, bulk density and porosity in addition to the drug content. The effects of the above parameters on the in-vitro release study were evaluated. These formulas were evaluated also for their in-vivo release profile using rat (as an animal model) and their serum daptomycin concentration were evaluated accordingly. A trapezoidal method was used to estimate the cumulative AUC parameter and the effect of copolymers ratio and molecular weights on the shape of AUC for four formulas were evaluated. Simulation study was performed (for 7 or 10 days dosing of F1 and F2 and 15 day dosing for F3 and F4) as a predictor of the steady state concentration and other pharmacokinetics parameters. It was inferred from this study that by using tailored formulation approach, long and short acting preparations of injectable daptomycin microsphere could be developed helping to provide the clinicians more flexibility to select the suitable preparation according to the patient need.

Key words: Daptomycin, trapezoidal,microsphers ,simulation .
Guggulusome - A Novel Vesicular Carriers for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Dave Vivek , Yadav Sachdev , Sharma Swapnil , Panwar Nitesh
Published: September 2022

The present work describes guggul as a novel carrier for some anti-inflammatory drugs. Guggulusomes containing different concentration of guggul with aceclofenac were prepared by sonication method and characterized for vesicle shape, size, size-distribution, pH, viscosity, spread ability, homogeneity, and accelerated stability in-vitro drug permeation through mouse skin. The vesicles exhibited an entrapment efficiency of 93.2 Â± 12%, vesicle size of 0.769 Â± 3Î¼m and a zeta potential of - 6.21mV. In vitro drug release was analyzed using Franzâ€™s diffusion cells. The cumulative release of the guggulusomes gel (G2) was 75.8% in 18 hrs, which is greater than that all the gel formulation. The stability profile of prepared system assessed for 45 days. The vesicular suspension was kept in sealed vials (10ml) at 4 Â± 2ÂºC and at room temperature for 45 days no change was showned in entrapment efficiency. The optimized guggulusomes formulation showed transdermal flux 216.1Î¼g/cmÂ²/hr. The result advocates the potential of guggulusomes formulation to treat diseases where facilitated penetration of the drug into muscle and synovial fluid is desirable. In the end of the tests guggulusomes gel G2 with carbopol 934K was the most stable. The paw edema and percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats treated with aceclofenac guggulusomes gels and commercial formulation of aceclofenac gel marketed gel. The formulation G2 were devoid of any irritation potential and no edema formation was observed in any case. Irritation score for aceclofenac guggulusomes gels was zero, which indicated its acceptability for topical administration.

Keywords:  Aceclofenac, Gel, Carbopol, Guggulu carrier.
Synthesis of New B-adrenoceptor Blocking Agent Including 1,3,4 Thiadiazole with Expected Adrenoceptor Blocking Activity
Authors: H. Zain Al-Abdeen Salah , J. Qasir Ahlam
Published: September 2022

Î²-Adrenergic blocking agents, mostly comprising of Î²-amino alcohols, are of pharmaceutical significance and have received major attention due to their utility in the management of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias and other disorders related to the sympathetic nervous system. Most compounds available for clinical use belong to the aryloxypropanolamine series, which is considered the second generation of Î²-blocking agents. The present study includes the synthesis of compounds with an N-substituted oxypropanolamine moiety attached to the 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives. According to this information, eight compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR spectra and elemental microanalysis that confirmed the structural formula of these compounds.

Keywords: Î²-adrenoceptor blockers, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, Schiff base
3D Yazıcıların Termal Verimliliğini Artırmak için Yeni Ekstrüder Isı Bloğu Tasarımları
Authors: DEMİR Hasan
Published: September 2022

3D printers are the most common and popular method of additive manufacturing technology and provide fusion of materials using thermal effects. This phenomenon makes that temperature the most important factor affecting printing quality. The temperature is provided by the Aluminium Extruder Heat Block in the extruder and the temperature regime must be constant according to the type of printing material. The objective of this study is to make aluminium Extruder Heat Block designs with high thermal efficiency to keep the temperature regime constant and to analyse the thermal behaviour of new designs with a commercial product block design using ANSYS simulation. The materials of the blocks were chosen the same and the temperature distribution of the blocks and the average heat flux were calculated by determining the boundary conditions. The results obtained from the simulation are satisfactory when compared with the thermal behaviour of a commercial product block.