bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Struggling to Overcome the State’s Prescription for Practice
Authors: Brown Christopher P. , Weber Natalie Babiak
Published: March 2016

Issues of standardization, student achievement, and diversity have dramatically altered teaching within early childhood programs across the United States. This has created a situation in which teacher educators need to assist practicing and preservice teachers working in these contexts with formulating instructional responses that address policymakers’ high-stakes demands, take into account the best practices of early childhood, and attend to children’s linguistic, cultural, socioeconomic, and political worlds. This article addresses this issue by examining findings from a qualitative study of a professional development course within a large urban school district for prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers. In the course, the teachers were asked to engage in action research projects that pursued learning experiences with their students reflecting issues central to their lives in and/or outside their classrooms. Analyzing and interpreting their experiences sheds light on how teacher educators can support practicing and preservice teachers in responding to the governmental, institutional, and local demands on their teaching while attempting to formulate learning experiences that reflect their students’ sociocultural worlds.
The Effects of Language Experience and Speech Context on the Phonetic Accommodation of English-accented Spanish Voicing
Authors: Llanos Fernando , Francis Alexander L
Published: March 2016

Native speakers of Spanish with different amounts of experience with English classified stop-consonant voicing (/b/ versus /p/) across different speech accents: English-accented Spanish, native Spanish, and native English. While listeners with little experience with English classified target voicing with an English- or Spanish-like voice onset time (VOT) boundary, predicted by contextual VOT, listeners familiar with English relied on an English-like VOT boundary in an English-accented Spanish context even in the absence of clear contextual cues to English VOT. This indicates that Spanish listeners accommodated English-accented Spanish voicing differently depending on their degree of familiarization with the English norm.
Mathematics Dynamic Assessment
Authors: Allsopp David H. , Kyger Maggie M. , Lovin LouAnn , Gerretson Helen , Carson Katie L. , Ray Sharon
Published: March 2016

Ms. Carlisi teaches middle school mathematics for students who were retained at least 1 year and who were identified as at risk of failure in mathematics. About half of her class of 14 students has identified learning disabilities and/or emotional and behavioral difficulties. Ms. Carlisi worries constantly that she is not going to be able to help them “catch up” by the time they take the mandated state high-stakes standardized assessment. Ms. Carlisi knows her students need to build proficiency in fractions. Her students continue to demonstrate difficulties despite previous instruction. She decides to use Mathematics Dynamic Assessment (MDA) to help her students. MDA is an informal mathematics assessment process that integrates four research-supported assessment practices for struggling learners:

Assessment of students' interests and experiences. Concrete-representational-abstract assessment within authentic contexts. Error pattern analyses. Flexible interviews.

The MDA process provides teachers with important information about what students do and do not understand about foundational mathematics concepts, students' levels of understanding and abilities to express their understandings, and where students are in the learning sequence (frustration, instructional, mastery). The data collected through the MDA process provide teachers with an in-depth evaluation of their students' mathematical understandings and thinking that allows teachers to plan their instruction to address students' specific mathematical learning needs. Ms. Carlisi structures an MDA in the area of fractions with an emphasis on comparing fractions, an area in which her students demonstrate difficulty.
Piggybacking
Authors: Paxton-Buursma Debra , Walker Melodee
Published: March 2016

“We don't talk in other classes.” This was Michael's response to the question, “What makes a good discussion?” posed by his middle-school resource-room teacher (the second author of this article and referred to henceforth as the teacher).
Creating a Momentum of School Success
Authors: Lee David L. , Belfiore Phillip J. , Budin Shannon Gormley
Published: March 2016

Jake is a student in Mrs. K.'s fourthgrade behavior support class. Teachers describe Jake as a “tough cookie.” “Jake is a bright kid who rarely does what is asked,” commented one teacher. “When he does what I ask, he does it according to his own schedule. He finishes one problem and then talks to his friends for a while. Sometimes he gets back to completing a second problem, but not very often. Just yesterday asked Jake to complete some math problems. I knew that he could do the work, but he just refused. Jake is falling farther and farther behind because he does not practice newly learned skills. For Jake, what starts as a ‘won't do’ problem evolves into a series of ‘can't do’ problems.”
Does Earning More Than Your Spouse Increase Your Financial Satisfaction? A Comparison of Men and Women in the United States, 1982 to 2012
Authors: Eirich Gregory M. , Robinson Joan H.
Published: March 2016

Scholars have argued that both husbands and wives are less satisfied if wives outearn their husbands because this violates the norms of the male breadwinner model. Some scholars find support for this hypothesis when studying the division of household work, marital dissolution, or depression, but other scholars do not find clear evidence. This article adds to this literature by asking how people’s roles in bringing money into the household (as a primary or secondary earner) affect how they feel about that money itself. Analysis of decades of U.S. data finds a clear and consistent result: individuals—whether men or women, whether committed to the male breadwinner model or not—are all more satisfied with their family’s financial situation when they earn more than their spouse. Here, generic social psychological processes (like relative deprivation) appear to trump even powerful worldviews, like the male breadwinner model.
The Use of Minipigs for Preclinical Safety Assessment by the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Colleton Curtis , Brewster David , Chester Anne , Clarke David O. , Heining Peter , Olaharski Andrew , Graziano Michael
Published: March 2016

The use of minipigs in preclinical safety testing of pharmaceuticals is considered an alternative to the more traditional dog and nonhuman primate (NHP) nonrodent species. Substantial evidence exists to suggest that the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of minipigs are similar enough to humans to consider them as valid nonrodent models for pharmaceutical safety testing. Since the utilization of minipigs was last assessed over 5 years ago, the Preclinical Safety Leadership Group (DruSafe) of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development conducted this survey to provide an updated assessment of the utility, perceived value, and impediments to the use of minipigs in preclinical safety testing. Of the 32 participating members of DruSafe, 15 responded to the survey representing both large and small companies. Respondents indicated that the minipig has been utilized mostly for short-term safety assessment studies with dermal, oral, and parenteral routes of administration. Minipigs are widely accepted as appropriate models for cardiovascular assessments and have been used to a limited extent for reproductive toxicology testing. Overall responses indicated that safety testing for large molecules using this species is relatively low due to a lack of background data, reagents or biomarkers, concerns regarding immune system characterization and poor suitability for developmental toxicity assessments. Most companies utilized contract research organizations for definitive safety toxicity assessment studies. Conclusions of this survey indicate that minipig is an acceptable nonrodent species largely limited to studies using small molecules, primarily dermal products, and results are comparable to those reported 5 years ago.
Spatio-temporal urban social landscape transformation in pre-new-urbanization era of Tianjin, China
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Cao Huhua
Published: March 2016

China’s economic reforms of 1978, which led to the country’s transition from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy, ushered in a phase of accelerated urbanization. Influenced by the economic transition and taking advantage of its privileged geographic and historic position, Tianjin has seen dramatic changes in its social landscape during the last three decades. Given this context, this study aims at understanding the different urban socio-spatial patterns of Tianjin and their mechanisms in three distinctive economic contexts by adapting both statistical and spatial approaches. Due to increasing population mobility caused by the economic reforms, the urban social landscape of Tianjin has become increasingly multifaceted, characterized by a “one axis, two nuclei” urban morphology. The rise of the Binhai New Area (TBNA) in the southeast is creating a dual-core urban social structure in Tianjin, with its traditional Urban Core located in the center of the city. In terms of the Urban Core’s expansion and population movements southeast toward the TBNA, an asymmetric suburbanization process is evident in Tianjin. Meanwhile, an additional population shift toward Beijing in the northwest is significant during 2000–2010, illustrating the changing relationship between these two neighboring municipalities. By integrating itself with Beijing, Tianjin has not only recovered from under Beijing’s shadow during the centrally planned economy period, but is also benefitting from Beijing in order to flourish.
Modeling customer knowledge management to make value co-creation
Authors: Gohary Ali , Hamzelu Bahman
Published: March 2016

What do our customers know? This is the fundamental question in customer knowledge management (CKM), which emerged during the first decade of 21st century as the corporations’ main advantage in making co-creation value. In this study, we explain why CKM is important, how it could have an impact on loyalty, and its influence on making co-creation value. We will describe the main concepts related to the topic and how to gain data that are useful in CKM process. At the end of the article, we illustrate a conceptual framework of CKM process and describe the components. In addition, we offer ways of increasing customer’s knowledge quality that we call mass public education.
Playlists and time perspective
Authors: Krause Amanda E. , North Adrian C.
Published: March 2016

Research on playlists has focused on how usage is related to technological and music industry variables, and the demographic characteristics of users. However, it also seems reasonable to suspect a psychological component to playlist usage. The present research considered an individual’s propensity to devise and make use of playlists in terms of time perspective. Significant results indicate an emphasis on the time at hand while listening, so that playlist use has a present-orientated time perspective, rather than a future-oriented time perspective. The findings support other recent research illustrating that exercising control over everyday listening is an important aspect of musical behavior in present-day music listening.
“They could take you out for coffee and call it consultation!”: The colonial antipolitics of Indigenous consultation in Jasper National Park
Authors: Youdelis Megan
Published: March 2016

Although Canada has been applauded for its co-management arrangements in recently established national parks, it continues to struggle with its legacy of colonial dispossession of Indigenous peoples, especially in its older and more iconic parks. First Nations were evicted from the earliest parks such as Banff and Jasper in a process of colonial territorialization that facilitated a “wilderness” model of park management and made space for capitalist enterprises like sport hunting and tourism. In Jasper National Park today, private tourism development proposals trigger a duty to consult with nations whose Aboriginal or Treaty rights may be impacted by development. In the last few decades, Jasper has made strides toward “reconciliation” including forming the Jasper Aboriginal Forum in an attempt to improve consultation with First Nations. I argue that Jasper’s approach to reconciliation and consultation reproduces and further entrenches unequal colonial–capitalist power dynamics, relying on antipolitical strategies to produce the appearance of inclusion and to naturalize the park’s ultimate decision-making authority in First Nations’ traditional territories. Park management attempts to incorporate First Nations’ input and certain “cultural” rights into existing state-led science-based management structures while leaving the legitimacy and justness of those structures unquestioned. As a result, Jasper’s approach to consultation obscures the ongoing neocolonial political and economic violence of alienating First Nations from their land bases and consequently reinforces existing inequalities. Ultimately, I argue that this antipolitical approach facilitates tourism development projects that benefit government and industry and not Indigenous communities.
Protein Quality in the First Thousand Days of Life
Authors: Ghosh Shibani
Published: March 2016

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the role of protein quality within the first 1000 days of life. The article outlines the importance of protein quality in pregnancy and early growth and examines the potential of high-quality protein in prevention of stunting and treatment of severe and moderate acute malnutrition. The article also provides a summary of the recent changes in protein quality evaluation and the development of a new index, the Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score, examining the opportunities and challenges this new methodology presents in assessing protein quality.
Delivering Improved Nutrition
Authors: Schlossman Nina
Published: March 2016

The United States has a long history of food assistance for humanitarian need. The Food for Peace Act of 1954 established the United States’ permanent food assistance program which has fed over 3 billion people in 150 countries worldwide through thousands of partner organizations. In 60 years, the program has evolved and will continue to do so. Recently, the program has gone from a focus on quantity of food shipped to quality food assistance from improved products, programs, and processes to effectively meet the needs of different vulnerable groups. The current debate focuses on the appropriateness of using fortified blended foods to prevent and treat malnutrition during the first 1000 days of life. Dairy ingredients have been at the center of this debate; they were included initially in fortified blended, removed in the 1980s, and now reincorporated into fortified therapeutic and supplemental foods. Improved quality food baskets and effective nutrition programming to prevent and treat malnutrition were developed through multisectoral collaboration between government and nongovernment organizations. The US Agency for International Development has focused on improving nutrition through development programs often tied to health, education, and agriculture. The years since 2008 have been a particularly intense period for improvement. The Food Aid Quality Review was established to update current food aid programming products, program implementation, cost-effectiveness, and interagency processes. Trials are underway to harmonize the areas of multisectoral nutrition programming and gather more evidence on the effects of dairy ingredients in food aid products.
Gender and Popular Culture
Authors: Donze Patricia L.
Published: March 2016

Part of listening to popular music is complaining about it: Why is mainstream music so dreadful? . . . so repetitive? . . . and so the argument goes. Popular culture producers argue that they do not force-feed the public or “dupe” listeners into liking awful music. They are simply giving consumers what they want, or they are trying to figure out what consumers want. This paper explores the issue while focusing on gender and popular culture, by asking whether popular music producers and listeners agree or disagree regarding the types of artistic representations that are valuable. I find they do not, especially when it comes to female music listeners and female artist types. According to the production of culture perspective, demands of production and pursuit of market share usurp accommodating listeners, which includes overemphasis on gender stereotypes that are less popular with female consumers. Discussion includes suggestions as to why certain gendered patterns emerge in popular culture production and consumption.
ETeach3D
Authors: Esteve-Mon Francesc M. , Cela-Ranilla Jose María , Gisbert-Cervera Mercè
Published: March 2016

The acquisition of teacher digital competence is a key aspect in the initial training of teachers. However, most existing evaluation instruments do not provide sufficient evidence of this teaching competence. In this study, we describe the design and development process of a three-dimensional (3D) virtual environment for evaluating the teacher digital competence of future teachers, through a performance-based, collaborative and contextual evaluation. This environment, named ETeach3D, has been constructed using the educational design research approach. It is based on successive iterative cycles and is in accordance with the criteria of usefulness, validity, and effectiveness. In addition to the research team responsible for the project, participating in this study were 187 Spanish undergraduate students of Education and 22 experts in the field of educational technology. Results show that these environments, in addition to other characteristics, should (a) function smoothly and have simple interfaces, realistic scenes, and interactive activities and (b) follow a systematic evaluation procedure that integrates several strategies and levels of complexity. This research helps to improve the initial training of preservice teachers and contributes to the growing number of educational design research studies that focus in the field of evaluation of the curriculum domain.
Eye-tracking Social Desirability Bias
Authors: Kaminska Olena , Foulsham Tom
Published: March 2016

Eye tracking is now a common technique studying the moment-by-moment cognition of those processing visual information. Yet this technique has rarely been applied to different survey modes. Our paper uses an innovative method of real-world eye tracking to look at attention to sensitive questions and response scale points, in Web, face-to-face and paper-and-pencil self-administered (SAQ) modes. We link gaze duration to responses in order to understand how respondents arrive at socially desirable or undesirable answers. Our novel technique sheds light on how social desirability biases arise from deliberate misreporting and/or satisficing, and how these vary across modes.
Correlates of recent HIV testing among substance-using men who have sex with men
Authors: Rowe Christopher , Matheson Tim , Das Moupali , DeMicco Erin , Herbst Jeffrey H , Coffin Phillip O , Santos Glenn-Milo
Published: March 2016

Men who have sex with men are disproportionately impacted by HIV and substance use is a key driver of HIV risk and transmission among this population. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3242 HIV-negative substance-using men who have sex with men aged 18 + in the San Francisco Bay Area from March 2009 to May 2012. Demographic characteristics and sexual risk and substance use behaviors in the last six months were collected using structured telephone questionnaires. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify independent demographic and behavioral predictors of recent HIV testing. In all, 65% reported having an HIV test in the last six months. In multivariable analysis, increasing age (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.84–0.90) and drinking alcohol (<1 drink/day: 0.65, 0.46–0.92; 2–3 drinks/day: 0.64, 0.45–0.91; 4 + drinks/day: 0.52, 0.35–0.78) were negatively associated with recent HIV testing. Having two or more condomless anal intercourse partners (2.17, 1.69–2.79) was positively associated with having a recent HIV test, whereas condomless anal intercourse with serodiscordant partners was not significantly associated with testing. Older men who have sex with men and those who drink alcohol may benefit from specific targeting in efforts to expand HIV testing. Inherently riskier discordant serostatus of partners is not as significant a motivator of HIV testing as condomless anal intercourse in general.
NEDFi: Transforming Lives through Shared Value Creation
Authors: Sarmah Bijoylaxmi , Rahman Zillur
Published: March 2016

This case is about a public limited company that transformed the lives of poor village artisans living in the remotest part of north-east India. While the public and private limited companies face constant criticism and increasing cynicism about their corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable livelihood creation initiatives; NEDFi, a public limited company and an arm of the Ministry of Development of the north-eastern region of India undertook an initiative to transform the lives of many underprivileged rural artisans, especially women through its CSR and sustainability initiatives. NEDFi’s water hyacinth craft project, undertaken initially as a CSR initiative was able to meet both the economic and social values of the firm and community, respectively. Thus, the CSR/sustainability initiatives of the company were potentially transformed into creation of ‘shared value’ at the later stages of the programme that achieved roaring success by uplifting the rural poor through economic empowerment and unleashing the potential of women artisans.
Global Citizenship Versus Globally Competent Graduates
Authors: Jooste Nico , Heleta Savo
Published: March 2016

This article will critically analyze the global citizen concept in the world full of deep-rooted historical injustices and past and present structural inequalities. We will explore higher education’s (HE) engagement with the concept and whether this is polarizing HE and distracting its attention from the critical internationalization and transformational activities. The article will further explore whether it is worthwhile to spend time and resources on vague rhetoric and attempts to popularize buzzwords while the majority of students in the global South live in an unjust world. We will argue that the South needs to focus on development of globally competent graduates who are fully aware of their roles in the quest for a better tomorrow for their communities, countries, regions, and the world as a whole.
Higher and Lower Order Factor Analyses of the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire
Authors: Kotelnikova Yuliya , Olino Thomas M. , Klein Daniel N. , Mackrell Sarah V. M. , Hayden Elizabeth P.
Published: March 2016

The Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ) is a widely used parent-report measure of temperament. However, neither its lower nor higher order structures has been tested via a bottom-up, empirically based approach. We conducted higher and lower order exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) of the TMCQ in a large ( N = 654) sample of 9-year-olds. Item-level EFAs identified 92 items as suitable (i.e., with loadings ≥.40) for constructing lower order factors, only half of which resembled a TMCQ scale posited by the measure’s authors. Higher order EFAs of the lower order factors showed that a three-factor structure (Impulsivity/Negative Affectivity, Negative Affectivity, and Openness/Assertiveness) was the only admissible solution. Overall, many TMCQ items did not load well onto a lower order factor. In addition, only three factors, which did not show a clear resemblance to Rothbart’s four-factor model of temperament in middle childhood, were needed to account for the higher order structure of the TMCQ.
Cross-Validation of the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) in Child Welfare Service Organizations
Authors: Finn Natalie K. , Torres Elisa M. , Ehrhart Mark G. , Roesch Scott C. , Aarons Gregory A.
Published: March 2016

The Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) is a brief, pragmatic, and efficient measure that can be used for research or organizational development to assess leader behaviors and actions that actively support effective implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs). The ILS was originally validated with mental health clinicians. This study validates the ILS factor structure with providers in community-based organizations (CBOs) providing child welfare services. Participants were 214 service providers working in 12 CBOs that provide child welfare services. All participants completed the ILS, reporting on their immediate supervisor. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the factor structure of the ILS. Internal consistency reliability and measurement invariance were also examined. Confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable fit to the hypothesized first- and second-order factor structure. Internal consistency reliability was strong and there was partial measurement invariance for the first-order factor structure when comparing child welfare and mental health samples. The results support the use of the ILS to assess leadership for implementation of EBPs in child welfare organizations.
Toward a Story Powerful Enough to Reduce Health Inequities in Indian Country
Authors: Duwe Elise Ann Geist
Published: March 2016

What, within Indigenous modes of health and wellness, can structure a story powerful enough to reduce health inequities in Indian Country? Health inequities in Indian Country have resisted improvements despite considerable effort. Many inequities have stabilized with a few inequities worsening. This article seeks to document the movement of stories for health inequities, focusing in particular on the online presence of wellness programs for diabetes in American Indian communities. Stories, health care providers, those who suffer with diabetes, families, bodies, communities, limbs, tribes, insulin, and traditional medicines all act within a larger narrative that envisions Indian Country without the ongoing devastation of diabetes. The practice of storytelling, as evidenced in each of the wellness programs, itself is an intervention in a health care system that would rather uplift the physicians’ stories of the patients than the patients’ stories of themselves. By considering websites of multiple wellness programs for diabetes simultaneously, the author will synthesize common themes and diagnose gaps in the wellness programs with the goal of identifying components for an innovation that reduces health inequities regarding diabetes. A broad and preliminary assessment of the stories being told about diabetes in Indian Country provides an initial foundation for an innovation powerful enough to improve health in Indian Country.
Cost avoidance from dose rounding biologic and cytotoxic antineoplastics
Authors: Vandyke Thomas H , Athmann Paul W , Ballmer Corey M , Kintzel Polly E
Published: March 2016

Background

To reduce product wastage, our institution allows automatic dose rounding of biologic and cytotoxic anticancer agents. The purpose of this project was to determine the actual annual cost avoidance due to pharmacist-managed automatic dose rounding of anticancer treatments.

Methods

Financial impact was assessed within the context of our departmental standard work which supports automatic dose rounding of biologic anticancer agents (±10%) and cytotoxic anticancer agents (±5%) to the nearest vial size for body surface area- or weight-based doses. Exclusions to automatic dose rounding include multiple dose vial products, pediatric orders, clinical trial drugs, and parenteral busulfan. The amount of cost avoidance for each rounded dose was determined using the product acquisition cost of the smallest available product amount. Data were collected from anticancer treatment orders for the fiscal year 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014.

Results

A total of 6216 doses of anticancer drugs were checked for dose rounding during the period of data collection. Almost $200,000 in product acquisition cost was avoided with pharmacist-managed automatic dose rounding. Six different biologic products accounted for approximately 7% of the total doses analyzed and 78% of the cost avoidance. Fifteen drugs comprised the array of cytotoxic agents rounded. Approximately, 37% and 4% of the biologic and cytotoxic doses were rounded up to the vial size.

Conclusion

Routine dose rounding of biologic anticancer agents (±10%) and cytotoxic products (±5%) achieved cost avoidance through reduction of drug wastage at our institution.
An Evaluation of a Community-Based Psycho-Educational Program for Users of Child Sexual Exploitation Material
Authors: Gillespie Steven M. , Bailey Alexandra , Squire Tom , Carey Melissa L. , Eldridge Hilary J. , Beech Anthony R.
Published: March 2016

Online sexual offenders represent an increasingly large proportion of all sexual offenders. Many of these offenders receive noncustodial sentences, and there is a growing need for community-based interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate a psycho-educational program for community dwelling users of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM). A total of 92 adult male participants completed self-report measures at pre and post. A subset of participants also completed measures after a follow-up period. Results suggested benefits across depression, anxiety, and stress; social competency, including locus of control and self-esteem; and distorted attitudes. Furthermore, these effects remained 8 to 12 weeks following program completion. Our results suggest that CSEM users are amenable to treatment in the community and that there are beneficial outcomes in affective and interpersonal functioning following psycho-education. These factors represent treatment targets for sexual offenders and are recognized risk factors for contact sexual offense recidivism.
Vibro-acoustic behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposite plates
Authors: George Nivish , Pitchaimani Jeyaraj , Murigendrappa SM , Lenin Babu MC
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the numerical investigation results carried out on vibro-acoustic behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposite plate using combined finite element method and Rayleigh integral. Parameter studies are carried out to analyze the inﬂuence of nature of functional grading, loading of carbon nanotube, and structural boundary conditions on free and forced vibration and sound radiation characteristics in detail. It is found that natural frequencies are significantly inﬂuenced by the nature of functional grading while the mode shapes are insensitive. The resonant amplitude of vibration and acoustic response are significantly inﬂuenced with the nature of different functional grading. This reﬂects in the bandwise calculation of sound power also which recommends the carbon nanotube functional grading with X distribution along the thickness direction for lower frequency level. Similar variation in vibro-acoustic response has been observed with increase in the carbon nanotube loading also.
What’s a life worth? Ethnographic counterfactual analysis, undocumented status and sociological autopsy in a wrongful death lawsuit
Authors: Smith Robert Courtney
Published: March 2016

This paper asks ‘What is a life worth?’ by analyzing the wrongful death lawsuit for Douglas Morales, an undocumented student who died in 2008 at 17 from brain injuries suffered playing football. The paper first examines how sociologists and New Jersey law monetarily value a child’s life, especially when undocumented status would have decreased long-term earnings. Second, it uses ethnographic, counterfactual methods to do a ‘sociological autopsy’ offering a plausible alternative, a more positive scenario – including a path to legal status – for Douglas’s future life. It uses interviews and document review to establish Douglas’s life habits, leveraging sociological and psychological research on immigrant youth achievers to predict higher future earnings. The paper advances ‘public sociology’ by deploying ethnographic, case-oriented methods to challenge the devaluation of this undocumented life, critique American immigration policies, and to help the decedent’s family directly.
Falling through the U.S. safety net: Alice’s adventures in social services
Authors: Wells Vanessa D
Published: March 2016

The tattered social safety net in the United States allows many people with needs to slip through its holes. In this paper, I give case examples from my own life and my social work practice, which led me to question how social work practice and research is conducted. As a social worker, I wondered how other practitioners knew about poor people and now as a doctoral student, I question the assumptions we as researchers make about poverty and the poor. This discussion also sheds light on my nascent journey toward uncovering my ontology and epistemology of social work knowledge.
mini-k’iwh’e:n (For That Purpose—I Consider Things)
Authors: Risling Baldy Cutcha
Published: March 2016

Historically, studies of Indigenous menstrual practices were mired in assumptions that these practices were oppressive toward women. The high regard for menstruation as demonstrated through Indigenous women’s coming of age ceremonies and the continuing rituals of menstruation among Indigenous peoples has not been critically engaged with, and is often relegated to dismissive and oversimplified statements. The Western menstrual taboo not only influences theories of Indigenous menstrual customs but also relies on settler colonial rhetoric to help support a continuing politics of taboo. Although there have been numerous cultural studies of modern menstrual discourse focused on how contemporary Western menstrual practices are rooted in patriarchal bias, even self-declared feminist literature treats the menstrual taboo as nearly universal to Indigenous menstrual practices. This article provides an Indigenous feminist critique of contemporary menstrual discourse. I begin with a short history of settler colonialism and menstrual discourse and then analyze contemporary popular menstrual discourse. The final part of this article is an intervention on the assumed Indigenous menstrual taboo by looking at menstrual practices of the Hoopa Valley Tribe, located in Northern California, to demonstrate that for this culture and society, there is no menstrual taboo. It is through this in-depth analysis of Hupa menstrual practices that we see how Indigenous feminisms challenge settler colonialism and provide a decolonizing lens to contemporary scholarship that not only imagines alternative analyses but also acknowledges that these alternatives did, have always, and will always exist.
Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava Confirmed by Aspiration Biopsy With a Catheter During Digital Subtraction Angiography
Authors: Yakupoglu Abdullah , Ulus Sila , Cantasdemir Murat
Published: March 2016

Leiomyosarcoma of the vascular origin is a rare malignant tumor. It originates from the smooth muscle cells of the media with intra- or extraluminal growth, and in most cases it arises in the inferior vena cava. The diagnosis is often delayed because the clinical symptoms of this disease are often nonspecific. Accurate diagnosis of inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma (IVCLMS) needs histologic confirmation. We report a case of IVCLMS histologically confirmed by aspiration biopsy with a catheter during digital subtraction angiography presenting with pulmonary emboli in a 65-year-old man.
Neurophysiologic Correlates of Headache Pain in Subjects With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Scanlon Graham C. , Jain Felipe A. , Hunter Aimee M. , Cook Ian A. , Leuchter Andrew F.
Published: March 2016

Background. Headache pain is often comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is associated with greater symptom burden, disability, and suicidality. The biological correlates of headache pain in MDD, however, remain obscure. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between brain oscillatory activity and headache pain in MDD subjects. Methods. A total of 64 subjects with MDD who were free of psychoactive medications were evaluated for severity of headache pain in the past week. Brain function was assessed using resting-state quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). We derived cordance in the theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) frequency bands at each electrode, and examined correlations with headache pain in regions of interest while controlling for depression severity. Frontal and posterior asymmetry in alpha power was calculated in regions of interest. Results. Headache pain severity was associated with depression severity ( r = 0.447, P < .001). In bilateral frontal and right posterior regions, alpha cordance was significantly associated with headache intensity, including when controlling for depression severity. The direction of the correlation was positive anteriorly and negative posteriorly. Frontal left dominant alpha asymmetry correlated with severity of headache but not depression symptoms. Conclusion. Alterations in brain oscillations identified by alpha cordance and alpha asymmetry may be associated with the pathophysiology of headache pain in depression. These findings should be prospectively confirmed.
Headache as the leading symptom in a case of cerebral tuberculosis
Authors: Meyer Hans-Jonas , Schramm Dominik , Kunze Christian , Holzhausen Hans-Jürgen , Kornhuber Malte , Surov Alexey
Published: March 2016

The advent of new and acute headaches poses a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis comprises numerous diseases and syndromes, the prevalence of which varies depending on the geographical region. Due to increased magnitudes in international migration, the usual differential diagnostic spectrum has to be enlarged in individual cases. The presented case illustrates this dilemma and shows that, for example, tuberculosis deserves to be taken into consideration.
European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in immobile patients with acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Dennis Martin , Caso Valeria , Kappelle L Jaap , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Sandercock Peter ,   For the European Stroke Organisation
Published: March 2016

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism is a frequent complication in immobile patients with acute ischemic stroke. This guideline document presents the European Stroke Organisation guidelines for the prophylaxis of VTE in immobile patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Guidelines for haemorrhagic stroke have already been published.

Methods

A multidisciplinary group identified related questions and developed its recommendations based on evidence from randomised controlled trials using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. This guideline document was reviewed within the European Stroke Organisation and externally and was approved by the European Stroke Organisation Guidelines Committee and the European Stroke Organisation Executive Committee.

Results

We found mainly moderate quality evidence comprising randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews evaluating graduated compression stockings (GCS), intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and prophylactic anticoagulation with unfractionated (UFH) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and heparinoids, but no randomised trials evaluating neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NES). We recommend that clinicians should use IPC in immobile patients, but that they should not use GCS. Prophylactic anticoagulation with UFH (5000U ×2, or ×3 daily) or LMWH or heparinoid should be considered in immobile patients with ischaemic stroke in whom the benefits of reducing the risk of VTE is high enough to offset the increased risks of intracranial and extracranial bleeding associated with their use. Where a judgement has been made that prophylactic anticoagulation is indicated LMWH or heparinoid should be considered instead of UFH because of its greater reduction in risk of DVT, the greater convenience, reduced staff costs and patient comfort associated single vs. multiple daily injections but these advantages should be weighed against the higher risk of extracranial bleeding, higher drug costs and risks in elderly patients with poor renal function associated with LMWH and heparinoids.

Conclusions

IPC, UFH or LMWH and heparinoids can reduce the risk of VTE in immobile patients with acute ischaemic stroke but further research is required to test whether NES is effective. The strongest evidence is for IPC. Better methods are needed to help stratify patients in the first few weeks after stroke onset, by their risk of VTE and their risk of bleeding on anticoagulants.
Ischemic stroke in the young: Current perspectives on incidence, risk factors, and cardiovascular prognosis
Authors: Putaala Jukka
Published: March 2016

About one-fourth of ischemic strokes occur in working-aged individuals in the high-income countries, with worldwide increasing incidence in this age group from 1980s to present. Recent evidence suggests that traditional vascular risk factors are more prevalent than previously suggested in young adult stroke patients and they accumulate with age particularly in men. Accordingly, relatively high rates of atherosclerotic changes have been detected in these patients. The strength of association of vascular risk factors has gone poorly studied, however. Many young patients with ischemic stroke have, in turn, no traditional risk factors, while they may harbor other conditions with weak or uncertain association with the stroke alone. These individual conditions often represent a risk factor that may be strictly young-age specific, more prevalent in younger than older stroke patients (e.g. patent foramen ovale), or more prevalent among the young in the population. Despite high rates of vascular risk factors and atherosclerotic changes, these findings do not translate to higher frequencies of identified classical stroke mechanisms. In fact, cryptogenic causes are markedly common and even more frequent among the very young patients. Limited randomized trial evidence exists to support secondary prevention decision-making in patients, yet they face an increased risk of death and future vascular events for years to come—dependent on risk factor profile and cause of the stroke. This review provides an overview of recent data on epidemiology, risk factors, and their strength of association in ischemic stroke in the young. Furthermore, the relationship between with the risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes and key features on the evidence related to secondary prevention will be discussed.
Peripheral glucose levels and cognitive outcome after ischemic stroke—Results from the Munich Stroke Cohort
Authors: Zietemann Vera , Wollenweber Frank Arne , Bayer-Karpinska Anna , Biessels Geert Jan , Dichgans Martin
Published: March 2016

Introduction

The relationship between glucose metabolism and stroke outcome is likely to be complex. We examined whether there is a linear or non-linear relationship between glucose measures in the acute phase of stroke and post-stroke cognition, and whether altered glucose metabolism at different time intervals (long- and short-term before stroke, acute phase) is associated with cognitive outcome.

Patients and methods

In all, 664 consecutively recruited patients with acute ischemic stroke and without pre-stroke dementia were included in this prospective observational study. Blood samples were taken at admission and fasting on the first morning after stroke. Duration of diabetes was assessed by interview. Cognitive outcome was assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status 3 months post-stroke. Dose-response analyses were used to investigate non-linearity. Regression analyses were stratified by diabetes status and adjusted for relevant confounders.

Results

Cognitive status was testable in 422 patients (81 with diabetes). There was a non-linear relationship between both admission and fasting glucose levels and cognitive outcome. Lower glucose values were significantly associated with lower Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status scores 3 months post-stroke in patients without diabetes with a similar trend in diabetic patients. There was an inverse association between duration of diabetes and Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status scores (linear regression: −0.10 (95% confidence interval: −0.17 to −0.02) per year increase of diabetes duration), whereas HbA1c was not related to cognitive outcome. Results were supported by sensitivity analyses accounting for attrition.

Conclusion

Lower glucose levels in the acute phase of stroke are associated with worse cognitive outcome but the relationship is non-linear. Long-term abnormalities in glucose metabolism are also related to poor outcome but this is not the case for shorter term abnormalities. Altered glucose levels at different stages of stroke may affect stroke outcome through different pathways.
Cardiolipin-mediated procoagulant activity of mitochondria contributes to traumatic brain injury–associated coagulopathy in mice
Authors: Zhao Zilong , Wang Min , Tian Ye , Hilton Tristan , Salsbery Breia , Zhou Eric Z. , Wu Xiaoping , Thiagarajan Perumal , Boilard Eric , Li Min , Zhang Jianning , Dong Jing-fei
Published: March 2016

Key Points

Mitochondria were released from traumatically injured brain into systemic circulation and exposed CL on their surface. CL-exposed mitochondria are highly procoagulant and induced traumatic brain injury–associated coagulopathy.
Treatment of multiple myeloma with high-risk cytogenetics: a consensus of the International Myeloma Working Group
Authors: Sonneveld Pieter , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Lonial Sagar , Usmani Saad , Siegel David , Anderson Kenneth C. , Chng Wee-Joo , Moreau Philippe , Attal Michel , Kyle Robert A. , Caers Jo , Hillengass Jens , San Miguel Jesús , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Einsele Hermann , Bladé Joan , Durie Brian G. M. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Mateos María-Victoria , Palumbo Antonio , Orlowski Robert
Published: March 2016

The International Myeloma Working Group consensus updates the definition for high-risk (HR) multiple myeloma based on cytogenetics Several cytogenetic abnormalities such as t(4;14), del(17/17p), t(14;16), t(14;20), nonhyperdiploidy, and gain(1q) were identified that confer poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients showing these abnormalities may vary with the choice of therapy. Treatment strategies have shown promise for HR cytogenetic diseases, such as proteasome inhibition in combination with lenalidomide/pomalidomide, double autologous stem cell transplant plus bortezomib, or combination of immunotherapy with lenalidomide or pomalidomide. Careful analysis of cytogenetic subgroups in trials comparing different treatments remains an important goal. Cross-trial comparisons may provide insight into the effect of new drugs in patients with cytogenetic abnormalities. However, to achieve this, consensus on definitions of analytical techniques, proportion of abnormal cells, and treatment regimens is needed. Based on data available today, bortezomib and carfilzomib treatment appear to improve complete response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in t(4;14) and del(17/17p), whereas lenalidomide may be associated with improved progression-free survival in t(4;14) and del(17/17p). Patients with multiple adverse cytogenetic abnormalities do not benefit from these agents. FISH data are implemented in the revised International Staging System for risk stratification.