bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autocatalytic and DMSO-promoted regioselective synthesis of pyrimidine-fused quinolines from anilines and barbituric acids
Authors: Yadav Pushpendra , Chatterjee Deblina , Bhowmick Suman , Tiwari Khushboo , Awasthi Annapurna , Tiwari Dharmendra Kumar
Published: October 2024

The autocatalytic and DMSO-participating regioselective synthesis of N,N-disubstituted pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones from anilines and barbituric acids has been achieved.
Construction of atropisomeric benzoxepinone-embedded styrenes via intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition and catalytic kinetic resolution
Authors: Wang Yue , Wei Xingfu , Xue Aiqi , Huang Yue , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin
Published: October 2024

We present an intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition strategy to afford atropisomeric benzoxepinone-based styrenes, and then kinetic resolution was developed, giving the corresponding two types of axially chiral styrenes.
Efficient electrocatalysts for biomass quasi-solid-state Li–O2 batteries: porous nanocages with nickel–cobalt-N/C active species
Authors: Liu Tie , Zhang Guangwei
Published: October 2024

Pore-rich carbon frameworks with bimetallic (Ni and Co) active sites as promising cathodic catalysts were successfully prepared and applied in Li–oxygen batteries.
Prediction of ternary alkaline-earth metal Sn(ii) and Pb(ii) chlorides with potential applications as p-type transparent conductors
Authors: Wang Li , Lin Tingting , Wang Jia , Fang Chao , Li Yuwei , Qiao Yuancun
Published: October 2024

The intelligent design of ternary alkaline-earth metal Sn(ii) and Pb(ii) chlorides with potential p-type conductivity and negative linear compressibility through first-principles global optimization structure search.
Mechanistic study of double boron–silicon exchange reactions between dibenzosiloles and boron tribromide
Authors: Britt Liam , Zhao Yuming
Published: October 2024

We investigated the reaction mechanisms for BBr3 induced dibenzosilole-to-dibenzoborole transformation by DFT calculations and NMR analysis.
Effect of meso-pentafluorophenyl group on two-photon absorption in heterocorroles and heterocorrins
Authors: Banana Tejendra , Rajput Swati Singh , Chandravanshi Neelam , Alam Md. Mehboob
Published: October 2024

We explore how meso-substitution affects the photophysical properties in some heterocorroles and heterocorrins.
An elemental ferroelectric topological insulator in ψ-bismuthene
Authors: Han Xuening , Zheng Fulu , Frauenheim Thomas , Zhao Pei , Liang Yan
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional ψ-bismuthene is an intrinsic elemental ferroelectric topological insulator.
Multi-functional biotinylated platinum(iv)–SAHA conjugate for tumor-targeted chemotherapy
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Sasmal Pijus K.
Published: October 2024

Herein, we have developed a hydrolytically stable biotinylated Pt(iv) complex conjugated with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (SAHA) as a multi-functional tumour targeted chemotherapeutic agent.
Exploring improved strategies for therapeutic studies and biological activities of novel zinc and indium phthalocyanines
Authors: Celep Kevser , Atmaca Göknur Yaşa , Aydoğmuş Pelin Demir , Eroğlu Kumsal , Günkara Ömer Tahir , Giray Gülay , Tollu Gülşah , Özdemir Sadin , Erdoğmuş Ali
Published: October 2024

This study investigates novel zinc and indium phthalocyanines with Schiff base and sulphur moieties, focusing on their potential for cancer therapy and antimicrobial applications.
Photoelectrochemical performance of nanoscale Cu2O by integrating ZnO thin films mimicking a 3D–2D heterojunction: experiments & first-principles analysis
Authors: Ajay  , Shukla Chinmay Rakesh , Kumar Shubham , Ingole Pravin Popinand , Sapra Sameer , Upadhyay Sumant
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate a 3D–2D Cu2O/ZnO heterojunction for efficient PEC water splitting with a photocurrent of 1.25 mA cm−2 and ABPE of 0.98% at 270 mV overpotential. DFT analysis reveals the mechanism behind photocurrent of the optimized heterojunction.
Lighting up Mycobacteria with membrane-targeting peptides
Authors: Alghamdi Zainab S. , Sharma Richa , Kiruthiga Nancy , Üçüncü Muhammed , Klausen Maxime , Santra Mithun , Devi Uma , Venkateswaran Seshasailam , Lilienkampf Annamaria , Bradley Mark
Published: October 2024

l- and d-Enantiomers of the MAD1 peptide were decorated with fluorophores ranging from green to far-red. Two of the probes successfully labelled Mycobacterium tuberculosis offering a promising tool for the selective detection of mycobacteria.
A clickable coenzyme A derived probe for investigating phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity in natural product biosynthesis
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Xu Houchao , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: October 2024

An alkynylated coenzyme A analog was synthesised. Its upload to a carrier protein by a phosphopantetheinyl transferase allows coupling with a fluorescent dye through click chemistry.
Key structural role of a conserved cis-proline revealed by the P285S variant of soybean serine hydroxymethyltransferase 8
Authors: Samarakoon Vindya , Owuocha Luckio F. , Hammond Jamie , Mitchum Melissa G. , Beamer Lesa J.
Published: October 2024

The enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) plays a key role in folate metabolism and is conserved in all kingdoms of life. SHMT is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) — dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-serine and (6S)-tetrahydrofolate to glycine and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. Crystal structures of multiple members of the SHMT family have shown that the enzyme has a single conserved cis proline, which is located near the active site. Here, we have characterized a Pro to Ser amino acid variant (P285S) that affects this conserved cis proline in soybean SHMT8. P285S was identified as one of a set of mutations that affect the resistance of soybean to the agricultural pathogen soybean cyst nematode. We find that replacement of Pro285 by serine eliminates PLP-mediated catalytic activity of SHMT8, reduces folate binding, decreases enzyme stability, and affects the dimer-tetramer ratio of the enzyme in solution. Crystal structures at 1.9–2.2 Å resolution reveal a local reordering of the polypeptide chain that extends an α-helix and shifts a turn region into the active site. This results in a dramatically perturbed PLP-binding pose, where the ring of the cofactor is flipped by ∼180° with concomitant loss of conserved enzyme-PLP interactions. A nearby region of the polypeptide becomes disordered, evidenced by missing electron density for ∼10 residues. These structural perturbations are consistent with the loss of enzyme activity and folate binding and underscore the important role of the Pro285 cis-peptide in SHMT structure and function.
Applications of Augmented and Virtual Reality in Enhancing Communication for Individuals Who Are Hard of Hearing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Borna Azadeh , Mousavi Seyede Zohre , Fathollahzadeh Farnaz , Nazeri Ahmadreza , Harari Rayan E.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This systematic review examines the role of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in enhancing communication for individuals who are hard of hearing.

Method:

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across databases including PubMed, WoS, EMBASE, and IEEE. Of the 5,981 records initially identified, 22 studies met our inclusion criteria after screening. Most of these studies (68%) focused on nonverbal communication modalities using tools such as sign language and visual cues, while the remainder focused on verbal communication. A descriptive synthesis was used due to the expected diversity in study characteristics.

Results:

Our assessment showed a substantial emphasis on educational impacts, speech perception, and cognitive skills development through AR and VR. The reviewed articles provide preliminary evidence on the efficacy of these technologies in teaching sign language, enhancing cognitive skills such as reasoning, and improving speech perception among the deaf or hard of hearing individuals.

Conclusion:

This review underscores the transformative potential of AR and VR in addressing communication challenges faced by individuals who are hard of hearing, emphasizing the need for further research with diverse, larger sample sizes to investigate these technologies for broader communication support.
Spatially correlated stellar accretion in the Lupus star-forming region
Authors: Winter Andrew J. , Benisty Myriam , Manara Carlo F. , Gupta Aashish
Published: October 2024

Context. Growing evidence suggests that protoplanetary discs may be influenced by late stage infall from the interstellar medium (ISM). It remains unclear the degree to which infall shapes disc populations at ages ≳1 Myr.

Aims. We explored possible spatial correlations between stellar accretion rates in the Lupus star-forming region, which would support the hypothesis that infall can regulate stellar accretion.

Methods. We considered both the ‘clustered’ stars towards the centre of Lupus 3, and the ‘distributed’ stars that are more sparsely distributed across the Lupus complex. We took the observed accretion rates in the literature and explore spatial correlations. In particular, we tested whether the clustered stars exhibit a radial gradient in normalised accretion rates, and whether the distributed stars have spatially correlated accretion rates.

Results. We found statistically significant correlations for both the clustered and distributed samples. The clustered sample exhibits higher accretion rates in the central region, consistent with the expected Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion rate. Stars that are spatially closer among the distributed population also exhibit more similar accretion rates. These results cannot be explained by the stellar mass distribution for either sample. Age gradients are disfavoured, though not discounted, because normalised disc dust masses are not spatially correlated across the region.

Conclusions. Spatially correlated stellar accretion rates within the Lupus star-forming region argue in favour of an environmental influence on stellar accretion, possibly combined with internal processes in the inner disc. Refined age measurements and searches for evidence of infalling material are potential ways to further test this finding.
Diagnostic Approach to Children with Unexplained Global Developmental Delay in Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Veronese Airin , Osredkar Damjan , Lovrečić Luca , Troha Gergeli Anja
Published: October 2024

Background Global developmental delay (GDD) is a common pediatric disorder that affects up to 3% of children. Due to the heterogeneous etiology of GDD, diagnostic procedures and algorithms are complex and diverse. The aim of our study was to investigate the diagnostic yield of genetic, metabolic, and imaging studies in establishing the etiology of unexplained GDD (UGDD).

Methods In this retrospectively observational study, we examined the medical records of all children diagnosed with UGDD at the Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, between January and December 2019. We evaluated the effectiveness of various genetic, metabolic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests in identifying the underlying cause of GDD. Additionally, we assessed subgroups of patients to determine whether any of the studied tests were particularly beneficial based on their clinical symptoms.

Results A total of 123 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 4.3 years (range, 0–16 years), of which 71 (57.7%) were males. Genetic diagnosis was established in 47.1% (58/123) of patients. Metabolic laboratory testing did not identify a metabolic disease in any of the tested participants (114/123) and MRI was critical for diagnosis in only 1/81 (1.2%) patient.

Conclusion Our findings strongly suggest that genetic testing surpasses MRI and metabolic testing in establishing the etiology of UGDD in a pediatric neurology outpatient setting. This information will help guide the diagnostic evaluation of these children.
Perinatal Outcomes Based on Number of Digital Exams in Patients with Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membrane
Authors: Burd Julia , Xie Evaline , Kelly Jeannie C. , Carter Ebony B. , Odibo Anthony , Zofkie Amanda , Frolova Antonina , Raghuraman Nandini
Published: October 2024

Objective The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends speculum exams, rather than digital exams, for evaluation of the cervix after preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). However, in clinical practice, digital exams may be necessary. We examined whether increasing numbers of digital exams were associated with adverse outcomes in PPROM.

Study Design This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients admitted between 2019 and 2021 with PPROM at 24 to 34 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was intra-amniotic infection and inflammation (triple I), compared between patients who had ≤1 or ≥2 digital exams during expectant management of PPROM. Secondary outcomes included latency, antepartum events, and other maternal and neonatal morbidities. Groups were compared using univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards model to account for time between admission and delivery and potential confounders.

Results Of 125 patients included in the analysis, 46 (36.8%) had ≤ 1 and 79 (63.2%) had ≥2 digital exams. There was no significant difference in triple I between groups (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47, 2.26). There were no significant differences in composite maternal or neonatal morbidities or latency from admission to delivery between groups (8 days [interquartile range (IQR): 3, 14] vs. 6 days [IQR: 3, 12]). There was a higher rate of spontaneous labor as the indication for delivery in the group with ≥2 exams (aHR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.11).

Conclusion In this retrospective cohort study, ≥2 digital exams during expectant management of PPROM was not associated with change in infectious morbidity or pregnancy latency. There was an increase in spontaneous labor in the group with more digital exams; this may be due to confounding by indication, as patients who are in prodromal labor are more likely to receive digital exams. These results suggest equipoise in exam type in the management of PPROM.

Key Points
Epoxidation of Chalcone Derivatives under Visible-Light Irradiation: An Organophotoredox Catalytic Approach
Authors: Xie Pan , Zhang Wanying , Liu Mengmeng , Zhao Xuyang , Wen Feifei
Published: October 2024

Epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones under visible-light irradiation constitutes a significant chemical transformation with potential applications in the synthesis of epoxypropane derivatives. An organophotoredox catalytic system is herein reported to facilitate efficient aerobic epoxidation. This protocol enables the conversion of α,β-unsaturated ketones into their corresponding epoxy products with moderate to high yields under benign reaction conditions. The methodology demonstrates broad functional-group compatibility, providing a reliable and direct route to a variety of functionalized epoxypropane compounds. Additionally, the absence of heavy metals in this strategy renders it particularly suitable for the pharmaceutical industry, offering a new avenue for the synthesis of epichlorohydrin drugs.
On a Hunt for the “True” Septocutaneous Perforator: A Histology Cross-Section Study
Authors: Kubat Martin , Dvorak Zdenek , Zoufaly Dusan , Hermanova Marketa , Joukal Marek , Hallock Geoffrey G.
Published: October 2024

Background Modern trends in reconstructive surgery involve the use of free perforator flaps to reduce the donor site morbidity. The course of perforator vessels has a great anatomic variability and demands detailed knowledge of the anatomical relationships and the variability of the course of the perforators. The numerous modifications to perforator nomenclature proposed by various authors resulted in confusion rather than simplification. In our study, we focused on the hypothesis that a septocutaneous perforator traverses from the given source vessel to the deep fascia adherent to but not to within the septum itself.

Methods Sixty-nine septocutaneous perforators from three different limb donor sites (lateral arm flap, anterolateral thigh flap, and radial forearm free flap) were collected from the gross pathology specimens of 14 fresh cadavers. The gross picture and the cross-sections with the histological cross-sections on different levels were examined to determine the position of the vessel to the septal tissue.

Results Of the observed 69 septal perforators, 61 (88.5%) perforators were adherent to but not within the septum. The remaining eight (12.5%) perforators passed through the septum. All these eight perforators were found in multiple different cross-section levels (2 of 19 in lateral arm flap, 3 of 27 in anterolateral thigh flap, and 3 of 23 in radial forearm free flap).

Conclusion Although septocutaneous vessels appear identical macroscopically, microscopically two types of vessels with paraseptal and intraseptal pathways are observed. The majority of these vessels are merely adherent to the septum having a paraseptal pathway, while a minority are within the septum and are “true” septocutaneous perforators. It is advisable to dissect with a piece of the septum in order to avoid damage or injury to the perforator.
Management of Chronic Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ghanem Mustafa H. , Lee Won , Lussier Bethany L.
Published: October 2024

In this seminar we describe the critical care management of patients with chronic neuromuscular diseases (cNMD). Determination of the acuity of the critical illness and trajectory of illness in the setting of cNMD is necessary to guide decision making. Systemic complications of critical illness, cardiac support needs, and peri-intubation considerations may be affected by underlying diagnosis. Mechanical ventilatory support, whether noninvasive or invasive, requires redefinition of the goals of ventilation on a patient-by-patient basis. Mode and approach to invasive ventilation and liberation to noninvasive ventilation versus tracheostomy have limited evidence, but potential clinical approaches are reviewed.
Surface-near domain engineering in multi-domain x-cut lithium niobate tantalate mixed crystals
Authors: Bollmers Laura , Babai-Hemati Tobias , Koppitz Boris , Eigner Christof , Padberg Laura , Rüsing Michael , Eng Lukas M. , Silberhorn Christine
Published: October 2024

Lithium niobate and lithium tantalate are among the most widespread materials for nonlinear, integrated photonics. Mixed crystals with arbitrary Nb–Ta ratios provide an additional degree of freedom to not only tune materials properties, such as the birefringence but also leverage the advantages of the singular compounds, for example, by combining the thermal stability of lithium tantalate with the larger nonlinear or piezoelectric constants of lithium niobate. Periodic poling allows to achieve phase-matching independent of waveguide geometry and is, therefore, one of the commonly used methods in integrated nonlinear optics. For mixed crystals, periodic poling has been challenging so far due to the lack of homogeneous, mono-domain crystals, which severely inhibit domain growth and nucleation. In this work, we investigate surface-near (<1μm depth) domain inversion on x-cut lithium niobate tantalate mixed crystals via electric field poling and lithographically structured electrodes. We find that naturally occurring head-to-head or tail-to-tail domain walls in the as-grown crystal inhibit domain inversion at a larger scale. However, periodic poling is possible if the gap size between the poling electrodes is of the same order of magnitude or smaller than the average size of naturally occurring domains. This work provides the basis for the nonlinear optical application of lithium niobate tantalate mixed crystals.
Tapping strength variability in sensorimotor experiments on rhythmic tapping
Authors: Nelias C. , Schulz B. , Datseris G. , Geisel T.
Published: October 2024

We report psychophysical experiments and time series analyses to investigate sensorimotor tapping strength fluctuations in human periodic tapping with and without a metronome. The power spectral density of tapping strength fluctuations typically decays in an inverse power law (1/fβ-noise) associated with long-range correlations, i.e., with a slow power-law decay of tapping strength autocorrelations and scale-free behavior. The power-law exponents β are scattered around β=1 ranging from 0.67 to 1.8. A log-linear representation of the power spectral densities reveals rhythmic peaks at frequencies f=0.25 (and f=0.5) and a tendency to slightly accentuate every fourth (and second) stroke when subjects try to synchronize their tapping with a metronome.
ModelHamiltonian: A Python-scriptable library for generating 0-, 1-, and 2-electron integrals
Authors: Chuiko Valerii , Richards Addison D. S. , Sánchez-Díaz Gabriela , Martínez-González Marco , Sanchez Wesley , B. Da Rosa Giovanni , Richer Michelle , Zhao Yilin , Adams William , Johnson Paul A. , Heidar-Zadeh Farnaz , Ayers Paul W.
Published: October 2024

ModelHamiltonian is a free, open source, and cross-platform Python library designed to express model Hamiltonians, including spin-based Hamiltonians (Heisenberg and Ising models) and occupation-based Hamiltonians (Pariser–Parr–Pople, Hubbard, and Hückel models) in terms of 1- and 2-electron integrals, so that these systems can be easily treated by traditional quantum chemistry software programs. ModelHamiltonian was originally intended to facilitate the testing of new electronic structure methods using HORTON but emerged as a stand-alone research tool that we recognize has wide utility, even in an educational context. ModelHamiltonian is written in Python and adheres to modern principles of software development, including comprehensive documentation, extensive testing, continuous integration/delivery protocols, and package management. While we anticipate that most users will use ModelHamiltonian as a Python library, we include a graphical user interface so that models can be built without programming, based on connectivity/parameters inferred from, for example, a SMILES string. We also include an interface to ChatGPT so that users can specify a Hamiltonian in plain language (without learning ModelHamiltonian’s vocabulary and syntax). This article marks the official release of the ModelHamiltonian library, showcasing its functionality and scope.
Characterization and modeling of the mobility, threshold voltage, and subthreshold swing in p-GaN gate HEMTs at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Singh Shivendra Kumar , Ngo Thien Sao , Wu Tian-Li , Chauhan Yogesh Singh
Published: October 2024

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the electrical properties of p-GaN gate HEMT devices under cryogenic operations, spanning a temperature range from 300 K all the way down to 10 K. We report achievement of a low sub-60 mV/dec sub-threshold swing (SS) (33.2 mV/dec at 10 K), a high ION/IOFF ratio (∼3.5 × 1010 at 10 K), and a remarkable ID,max (∼358 mA/mm at 10 K) in p-GaN gate HEMTs operating under cryogenic conditions. Furthermore, the mobility, threshold voltage shifts, and SS characteristics at cryogenic temperatures are modeled in p-GaN HEMTs. In summary, p-GaN gate HEMTs are promising for cryogenic applications due to their low SS, high gm,max, impressive ION/IOFF ratio, and substantial ID,max. Furthermore, the modeling achieved in this work can pave the way for future characteristic prediction in p-GaN HEMTs at cryogenic temperatures.
Epitaxial growth and band offsets of
β
-(ScxGa1−
x)2O3 thin films grown on (100)
β
-Ga2O3 substrate
Authors: Koreishi Kazuki , Soma Takuto , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Ohtomo Akira
Published: October 2024

β-(ScxGa1−x)2O3 (x = 0–0.36) thin films were epitaxially grown on (100) β-Ga2O3 substrates by oxygen-radical-assisted pulsed-laser deposition. β-(ScxGa1−x)2O3 epilayers were coherently strained up to x = 0.30, although the presence of a structural disorder was implied when x > 0.2. The bandgap energies measured by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy increased from 4.56 to 5.25 eV with increasing Sc content. In β-(ScxGa1−x)2O3 epilayers, a slightly negative bandgap bowing behavior with a bowing parameter of −0.4 eV was observed, resulting in a larger bandgap increase than in β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 epilayers with identical x. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurement revealed that the valence-band and conduction-band offsets of β-(Sc0.17Ga0.83)2O3 epilayer with respect to β-Ga2O3 were 0.0 and 0.3 eV, respectively.
Effect of grain size and grain boundary on the energy storage performance of polycrystalline ferroelectrics
Authors: Wang Zihe , Bin Chengwen , Zheng Sizheng , Wang Jie
Published: October 2024

Dielectric capacitors based on polycrystalline ferroelectrics have attracted much attention due to their significant power density and fast charge–discharge speed. The energy storage performance of polycrystalline ferroelectrics is highly dependent on the grain size and grain boundary. Here, the effect of grain size and grain boundary on the domain structures and polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loops of polycrystalline ferroelectrics are investigated by using a phase-field model based on the time dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) equation. It is found that the depolarization field in the grain boundary induces the vortex domain when the grain size is reduced or the grain boundary thickness increases in certain extent, resulting in slender P–E loops, which contributes to an improvement in the energy storage efficiency and density. However, as the grain size further decreases or the grain boundary thickness further increases, the energy storage density decreases, which is attributed to the concurrent reduction in both the remnant and saturation polarizations. This study provides a considerable insight for optimizing the energy storage performance by carefully adjusting the grain size and grain boundary thickness in polycrystalline ferroelectrics.
Modulational instability, generation, and evolution of rogue waves in the generalized fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equations with power-law nonlinearity and rational potentials
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Yan Zhenya
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we investigate several properties of the modulational instability (MI) and rogue waves (RWs) within the framework of the generalized fractional nonlinear Schrödinger (FNLS) equations with rational potentials. We derive the dispersion relation for a continuous wave (CW), elucidating the relationship between the wavenumber and the instability growth rate of the CW solution in the absence of potentials. This relationship is primarily influenced by the power parameter σ, the Lévy index α, and the nonlinear coefficient g. Our theoretical findings are corroborated by numerical simulations, which demonstrate that MI occurs in the focusing context. Furthermore, we study the RW generations in both cubic and quintic FNLS equations with two types of time-dependent rational potentials, which make both cubic and quintic NLS equations support the exact RW solutions. Specifically, we show that the introduction of these two potentials allows for the excitations of controllable RWs in the defocusing regime. When these two potentials become the time-independent cases such that the stable W-shaped solitons with non-zero backgrounds are generated in these cubic and quintic FNLS equations. Moreover, we consider the excitations of higher-order RWs and investigate the conditions necessary for their generations. Our analysis reveals the intricate interplay between the system parameters and the potential configurations, offering insights into the mechanisms that facilitate the emergence of higher-order RWs. Finally, we find the separated controllable multi-RWs in the defocusing cubic FNLS equation with time-dependent multi-potentials. This comprehensive study not only enhances our understanding of MI and RWs in the fractional nonlinear wave systems, but also paves the way for future research in related nonlinear wave phenomena.
Catalytic evolution of cooperation in a population with behavioral bimodality
Authors: Sheng Anhui , Zhang Jing , Zheng Guozhong , Zhang Jiqiang , Cai Weiran , Chen Li
Published: October 2024

The remarkable adaptability of humans in response to complex environments is often demonstrated by the context-dependent adoption of different behavioral modes. However, the existing game-theoretic studies mostly focus on the single-mode assumption, and the impact of this behavioral multimodality on the evolution of cooperation remains largely unknown. Here, we study how cooperation evolves in a population with two behavioral modes. Specifically, we incorporate Q-learning and Tit-for-Tat (TFT) rules into our toy model and investigate the impact of the mode mixture on the evolution of cooperation. While players in a Q-learning mode aim to maximize their accumulated payoffs, players within a TFT mode repeat what their neighbors have done to them. In a structured mixing implementation where the updating rule is fixed for each individual, we find that the mode mixture greatly promotes the overall cooperation prevalence. The promotion is even more significant in the probabilistic mixing, where players randomly select one of the two rules at each step. Finally, this promotion is robust when players adaptively choose the two modes by a real-time comparison. In all three scenarios, players within the Q-learning mode act as catalyzers that turn the TFT players to be more cooperative and as a result drive the whole population to be highly cooperative. The analysis of Q-tables explains the underlying mechanism of cooperation promotion, which captures the “psychological evolution” in the players’ minds. Our study indicates that the variety of behavioral modes is non-negligible and could be crucial to clarify the emergence of cooperation in the real world.
Analysing the effects of feeding black soldier fly on broiler growth performance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hayat Zafar , Riaz Tuba , Attia Youssef A. , Hameed Faran , Siddiqui Fahad Javaid
Published: October 2024

Context The black soldier fly has been found to be a rich protein source, containing high amounts of protein and lipids, making them a valuable and sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources, such as fish and soybean meals, for broilers, which has also been demonstrated by multiple studies. Aims A meta-analysis was conducted using peer-reviewed published research on the use of black soldier flies in poultry diets to test the hypothesis that it enhances growth performance as a sustainable alternative to plant-based protein sources. Methods To this end, we used publicly available databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase) to identify peer-reviewed papers. Retrieved articles were screened for relevance and quality using established criteria. The studies were largely rejected due to non-reporting of variance measures or reporting pooled measures of variance that could not be used. As a result, eight studies were used to extract data for growth performance, including body weight gain. Key results The meta-analysis showed that the effect of feeding black soldier fly meals on body weight gain was non-significant. However, the subgroup analysis showed that utilisation of the frozen form of the black soldier fly lowers body weight gain compared with the birds fed basal diets. Furthermore, the feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced when the broilers were fed with diets containing black soldier fly meals. The feed conversion ratio showed non-significant (P > 0.05) differences with the supplementation. Conclusions The inclusion level of black soldier fly larvae meal in any form was seen to be safe up to 10%, and the effective duration of the supplementation was ≤35 days. Implications The utilisation of black soldier fly as a sustainable protein source should be encouraged to facilitate farmers in terms of being less dependent on soybean meal, as well as to reduce the competition between humans and animals for plant protein sources.
Migratory birds modulate niche tradeoffs in rhythm with seasons and life history
Authors: Yanco Scott W. , Oliver Ruth Y. , Iannarilli Fabiola , Carlson Ben S. , Heine Georg , Mueller Uschi , Richter Nina , Vorneweg Bernd , Andryushchenko Yuriy , Batbayar Nyambayar , Dagys Mindaugas , Desholm Mark , Galtbalt Batbayar , Gavrilov Andrey E. , Goroshko Oleg A. , Ilyashenko Elena I. , Ilyashenko Valentin Yu , Månsson Johan , Mudrik Elena A. , Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag , Nilsson Lovisa , Sherub Sherub , Skov Henrik , Sukhbaatar Tuvshintugs , Zydelis Ramunas , Wikelski Martin , Jetz Walter , Pokrovsky Ivan
Published: October 2024

Movement is a key means by which animals cope with variable environments. As they move, animals construct individual niches composed of the environmental conditions they experience. Niche axes may vary over time and covary with one another as animals make tradeoffs between competing needs. Seasonal migration is expected to produce substantial niche variation as animals move to keep pace with major life history phases and fluctuations in environmental conditions. Here, we apply a time-ordered principal component analysis to examine dynamic niche variance and covariance across the annual cycle for four species of migratory crane: common crane (
Grus grus
, n = 20), demoiselle crane (
Anthropoides virgo
, n = 66), black-necked crane (
Grus nigricollis
, n = 9), and white-naped crane (
Grus vipio
, n = 9). We consider four key niche components known to be important to aspects of crane natural history: enhanced vegetation index (resources availability), temperature (thermoregulation), crop proportion (preferred foraging habitat), and proximity to water (predator avoidance). All species showed a primary seasonal niche “rhythm” that dominated variance in niche components across the annual cycle. Secondary rhythms were linked to major species-specific life history phases (migration, breeding, and nonbreeding) as well as seasonal environmental patterns. Furthermore, we found that cranes’ experiences of the environment emerge from time-dynamic tradeoffs among niche components. We suggest that our approach to estimating the environmental niche as a multidimensional and time-dynamical system of tradeoffs improves mechanistic understanding of organism–environment interactions.
The topology and geometry of neural representations
Authors: Lin Baihan , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus
Published: October 2024

A central question for neuroscience is how to characterize brain representations of perceptual and cognitive content. An ideal characterization should distinguish different functional regions with robustness to noise and idiosyncrasies of individual brains that do not correspond to computational differences. Previous studies have characterized brain representations by their representational geometry, which is defined by the representational dissimilarity matrix (RDM), a summary statistic that abstracts from the roles of individual neurons (or responses channels) and characterizes the discriminability of stimuli. Here, we explore a further step of abstraction: from the geometry to the topology of brain representations. We propose topological representational similarity analysis, an extension of representational similarity analysis that uses a family of geotopological summary statistics that generalizes the RDM to characterize the topology while de-emphasizing the geometry. We evaluate this family of statistics in terms of the sensitivity and specificity for model selection using both simulations and functional MRI (fMRI) data. In the simulations, the ground truth is a data-generating layer representation in a neural network model and the models are the same and other layers in different model instances (trained from different random seeds). In fMRI, the ground truth is a visual area and the models are the same and other areas measured in different subjects. Results show that topology-sensitive characterizations of population codes are robust to noise and interindividual variability and maintain excellent sensitivity to the unique representational signatures of different neural network layers and brain regions.
Surging compound drought–heatwaves underrated in global soils
Authors: Fan Xingwang , Zhang Yunlin , Shi Kun , Peng Jian , Liu Yongwei , Zhou Yongqiang , Liu Yuanbo , Zhu Qing , Song Chunqiao , Wan Rongrong , Zhao Xiaosong , Woolway R. Iestyn
Published: October 2024

Compound drought–heatwaves (CDHWs) accelerate the warming and drying of soils, triggering soil compound drought–heatwaves (SCDHWs) that jeopardize the health of soil ecosystems. Nevertheless, the behavior of these events worldwide and their responses to climatic warming are underexplored. Here, we show a global escalation in the frequency, duration, peak intensity, and severity of SCDHWs, as well as an increase in affected land area, from 1980 to 2023. The increasing trends, which are particularly prominent since the early 2000 s, and projected to persist throughout this century, are dominated by summertime SCDHWs and enhanced by El Niño. Intensive soil warming as well as climatologically lower soil temperatures compared to air temperatures lead to localized hotspots of escalating SCDHW severity in northern high latitudes, while prolonged duration causes such hotspots in northern South America. Transformation of natural ecosystems, particularly forests and wetlands, to cropland as well as forest degradation substantially enhance the strength of SCDHWs. Global SCDHWs consistently exhibit higher frequencies, longer durations, greater severities, and faster growth rates than CDHWs in all aspects from 1980 to 2023. They are undergoing a critical transition, with droughts replacing heatwaves as the primary constraint. We emphasize the significant intensification of SCDHWs in northern high latitudes as well as the prolonged duration of SCDHWs in the Southern Hemisphere, posing an underrated threat to achieving carbon neutrality and food security goals.
Threads of control
Authors: Karoubi Behrouz
Published: October 2024

This article delves into the intricate relationship between translation and censorship, unraveling the
multifaceted tapestry woven by historical, societal, economic, and personal threads. Exploring the genealogy of censorship, the
study identifies four distinct sources of censorial power — state and religious institutions, social structures, market forces,
and individual idiosyncrasies. From the overt regulatory mechanisms of totalitarian regimes to the subtle influences of structural
censorship and market-driven constraints, the article navigates the challenges posed to freedom of expression within the dynamic
realm of translation. Drawing from historical examples and theoretical frameworks, the discussion highlights the impact of
censorship on translators and translated works, illustrating how institutional, societal, economic, and personal forces shape
communicative landscapes. By scrutinizing these diverse facets, this article offers a comprehensive understanding of the
complexities surrounding translation censorship, encouraging ongoing examination of the ever-evolving forces shaping the world of
translation.
La mujer y los estereotipos de género en la fraseología española
Authors: González-Jover Adelina Gómez
Published: October 2024

Phraseology, as a form of expression inextricably linked to the identity, idiosyncrasy and culture of a linguistic community,
reveals the way in which its speakers construct and reconstruct the world. With this premise as a starting point, in this paper we propose
to analyse Spanish phraseology in terms of the representation of women and, more specifically, how it contributes to the creation and
perpetuation of gender values and stereotypes. Based on a corpus of 154 phraseological expressions of peninsular Spanish that refer to
characteristics attributed to the female gender, we propose to analyse and detect the stereotypes that persist in Spanish social identity
in current language. The cognitive phraseological approach will allow us to determine how speakers categorise themselves and how this
categorisation is linguistically codified, highlighting a series of semantic connotations with sexist implications. All this, with a view
to tackling the problem of gender in the translation of phraseological units.
Los referentes culturales en el refranero chino
Authors: Qin Jian
Published: October 2024

Los refranes son las unidades lingüísticas que conllevan la sabiduría popular acumulada a lo largo de los siglos de una
sociedad. Representan la filosofía de la vida, la conceptualización de los valores, del pensamiento moral y de los hábitos de una
determinada sociedad. Se consideran una de las unidades lingüísticas más características de un país o nación. Muchos de ellos plantean
problemas a los traductores en el proceso traductológico por sus elementos específico-culturales, comúnmente llamados referentes
culturales o culturemas. Esta investigación se centra en analizar los referentes culturales que manifiestan en
los refranes chinos recopilados en una base de datos paremiológica a partir de tres campos semánticos: mujer, meteorología y superstición.
A través de del dicho análisis, pretende extraer los que se asocian a las mujeres, al topónimo, al festival o calendario, y a la
superstición, y después ofrecer las propuestas sobre la resolución de los problemas planteados por las referencias culturales.
Chapter 1. Reconfiguring and repurposing authenticity
Authors: Georgakopoulou Alexandra
Published: October 2024

In previous work, I have shown the importance of authenticity as a platformed directive for influencers’ self-presentation on Instagram Stories. In this chapter, with data from the same influencers, I focus on if and how the directive of authenticity presents any shifts during the period of covid-19, as a result of physical confinement and social distancing as well as of the public backlash against influencers’ posts with aspirational content. My analysis shows that, rather than abandoning formatted (i.e. normative and recognizable as typical) norms and practices of showing an authentic self on Instagram, influencers reconfigure and repurpose them in two ways: They reconfigure established connections amongst different modes, particularly with regard to amateur aesthetic choices at the visual level, to position the teller affectively in conditions of confinement. They also repurpose the algorithmically preferred format of sharing-life-in-the-moment so as to promote content suited to the new realities of a pandemic. These reconfigurations show the power of the formatting of stories and authenticity on social media.
ONTODIC
Authors: Alcina Amparo
Published: October 2024

After analyzing other linguistic ontologies and lexical models with a variety of perspectives, objectives and results, it was found that they were unsuitable for building dictionaries. To help overcome these issues, a model of linguistic knowledge representation was designed. The ONTODIC model presents two major differences with respect to other ontologies. On the one hand, the aim of ONTODIC has been to model language from the premises of linguistics. This means studying the linguistic elements in their natural contexts, that is, the texts. On the other hand, the design of ONTODIC is based on the principles of description logic.
Kinetic energy driven two-sublattice double-exchange: a general mechanism of magnetic exchange in transition metal compounds
Authors: Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri , Pradhan Koushik
Published: October 2024

One of the most important phenomena in magnetism is the exchange interaction between magnetic centres. In this topical review, we focus on the exchange mechanism in transition-metal compounds and establish kinetic-energy-driven two-sublattice double-exchange as a general mechanism of exchange, in addition to well-known mechanisms like superexchange and double exchange. This mechanism, which was first proposed (Sarma et al 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett.
85 2549), in the context of Sr2FeMoO6, a double-perovskite compound, later found to describe a large number of 3d and 4d or 5d transition metal-based double perovskites. The magnetism in multi-sublattice magnetic systems like double-double and quadrupolar perovskites involving 3d and 4d or 5d transition-metal ions have also been found to be governed by this as a primary mechanism of exchange. For example, the numerical solution of a two-sublatice double exchange with additional superexchange couplings for the FeRe-based double double and quadrupolar perovskites are found to reproduce the experimentally observed magnetic ground state as well as the high transition temperature of above 500 K. The applicability of this general mechanism extends beyond the perovskite crystal structures, and oxides, as demonstrated for the pyrochlore oxide, Tl2Mn2O7 and the square-net chalcogenides KMnX2 (X = S, Se, Te). The counter-intuitive doping dependence and pressure effect of magnetic transition temperature in Tl2Mn2O7 is explained, while KMnX2 (X = S, Se, Te) compounds are established as half-metallic Chern metals guided by two sublattice double exchange. While the kinetic energy-driven two-site double-exchange mechanism was originally proposed to explain ferromagnetism, a filling-dependent transition can lead to a rare situation of the antiferromagnetic metallic ground state, as found in La-doped Sr2FeMoO6, and proposed for computer predicted double perovskites Sr(Ca)2FeRhO6. This opens up a vast canvas to explore.
Low doses of ionising radiation: definitions and contexts
Authors: Harrison John D , Hill Mark A , McCready-Shea Susan , Smith Graham M , Sutton David G
Published: October 2024

The term ‘low dose’ is applied to different levels of dose depending on the circumstances of exposure, with the potential for confusion unless the reasoning is clear. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Ionising Radiation has defined low absorbed doses of ionising radiation as below about 100 mGy, and low dose rates as below 0.1 mGy min−1 (6 mGy h−1). These values relate to the interpretation of scientific evidence from epidemiological and biological studies. The International Commission on Radiological Protection has used similar values of 100 mSv and 5 mSv h−1 and applied this categorisation directly to the specific situation of patients undergoing diagnostic procedures: doses below 100 mSv were referred to as ‘low’ and doses below 10 mSv as ‘very low’. Consideration of other exposure situations suggest that the same terms can be used for exposures received by emergency workers. However, for workers and members of the public in planned exposure situations, it is suggested that the term ‘low dose’ applies to doses below 10 mSv and 1 mSv, respectively—that is, below the dose limits. In each case, dose is being used as a surrogate for risk—risks at low doses are uncertain and estimates may change, but order of magnitude considerations are sufficient in most cases. Doses of < 100 mSv, < 10 mSv and < 1 mSv correspond to life-time cancer risk estimates of the order of < 10−2, < 10−3 and < 10−4, respectively.