bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proceso de reconocimiento de la orientación sexual homosexual en estudiantes de una universidad pública
Authors: Zambrano Guerrero Christian , Hernández Pasichaná Pahola , Guerrero Montero Alejandra
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Analizar con perspectiva propositiva el proceso de reconocimiento de la orientación sexual homosexual en estudiantes gays y lesbianas de una universidad pública de la ciudad de Pasto.
Método: Bajo el paradigma cualitativo con un enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico. Los participantes fueron 3 hombres gays y 3 mujeres lesbianas. Se utilizaron técnicas e instrumento de recolección de información; revisión documental, observación participante, entrevista semiestructurada, historia de vida, mapeo comunitario, Delphi Online y Escala de Reconocimiento Social de la Homosexualidad. Por medio de las cuales se pudo visibilizar este proceso de reconocimiento, a través de las etapas de surgimiento, identificación, asumir una identidad, aceptar la identidad, consolidar, autoevaluar y apoyar a otros.
Resultados: Se identificaron dificultades a lo largo de este proceso de reconocimiento, como prejuicios, estereotipos y homofobia a nivel familiar y social, lo que conlleva al ocultamiento de la orientación. Se reconoció la importancia de las redes de apoyo como la familia y amigos, como base fundamental para el reconocimiento y aceptación de la homosexualidad. Es así, como en esta investigación en coherencia con el objetivo, se proponen estrategias para fortalecer el proceso de reconocimiento de la orientación sexual a partir de ideas propuestas por los mismos participantes, entre las que se destacan: el empoderamiento homosexual, fortalecimiento de las redes de apoyo y la educación sobre la diversidad sexual.
Discusión: el proceso de reconocimiento de la orientación sexual homosexual por el cual atraviesa una persona se puede resumir en 6 etapas, demostrando lo complejo que puede llegar a ser, el hecho de reconocerse ante sí mismo y ante los demás como una persona con sentimientos y deseos hacia alguien de su mismo sexo. Se resalta la trascendencia de la parte social y familiar, y se generan posturas críticas enfatizadas en la aceptación del otro.
Gramática Espacial Urbana: la orientación espacial guiada por reglas verbales
Authors: Páramo Pablo , Burbano Andrea
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Analizar el papel que juegan las reglas en forma de instrucciones verbales y conducta no vocal sobre la manera como las personas se orientan en el espacio urbano.
Método: Investigación descriptiva de tipo exploratoria. Se seleccionaron de manera aleatoria 75 personas, hombres y mujeres, mayores de edad y de diversas condiciones sociales, a quienes se les indagó mediante entrevistas informales en distintos puntos del espacio público de Bogotá por la manera de llegar a un destino específico. La información fue recogida por asistentes de investigación quienes se hacían pasar por transeúntes en busca de un lugar mientras grababan la conversación con el entrevistado. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas mediante el programa Atlas.ti.
Resultados: Los resultados permiten agrupar las respuestas de los transeúntes a los lugares de destino en cinco categorías de reglas o instrucciones que dan las personas: instrucciones de secuencia geográfica; de secuencia de lugares; instrucciones para reconocimiento del lugar; instrucciones temporo-espaciales y novocales.
Conclusiones: Las personas estructuran su conocimiento del espacio urbano a partir de un sistema de categorías verbales que tienen que ver con el seguimiento de reglas las cuales se reflejan en instrucciones y comunicación no vocal o gestual a manera de expresiones corporales. Se discuten las implicacionesdel estudio en la identificación de reglas que configuran una gramática espacial en contraposición a los modelos cognoscitivos y las aproximaciones de las neurociencias, así como los alcances para la planeación urbana y la enseñanza de la ubicación especial.
DOMESTIC LAW AND INTERNATIONAL LAW IN BRAZIL
Authors: Pereira Ana Cristina Paulo , Silva Júnior Eraldo
Published: December 2018

International law, which main sources are agreements and international conventions, is increasingly present in internal affairs in such way that it is difficult to imagine an area of national law which has not been affected in some way by standards imposed by agreements. But how and to what extent international law will be applied internally will depend on the way in which States comply with their international obligations. Therefore, it is essential to know how States bestow domestic legal effect to their agreements. The theoretical question about the relationship between domestic law and international law is usually presented on the basis of dualistic (or pluralistic) and monistic theories, that can not, however, comprehensively cover all aspects of this relationship. The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil recognizes, yet indirectly, international agreements as part of domestic law, but left important aspects related to its application without answers. Thus, the Brazilian judiciary has faced critical issues relating to the impact of agreements in domestic law, particularly regarding its duration, effects and hierarchical position. Despite the Brazilian judicial performance, legal uncertainties regarding the matter persist, which will be exposed in this article.
CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL DISCIPLINE OF THE NON-FINANCIAL INFORMS (BRAZIL AND EUROPEAN UNION)
Authors: Chaves Vinicius Figueiredo , Sertã Alexandre Folly Nogueira
Published: December 2018

From the theoretical reference of the sustainability, the article analyses the question of the incorporation of both social and environmental order considerations to the business and operations carried out by the companies, through the public dissemination of the performances in such areas. The research, focused on the quality, under a exploratory profile, and based in the bibliographic and documental review techniques, such as the data collection, is herein developed with the goal of identifying and analyzing, comparatively, the normative treatment applied to the scope of the public divulging of non-financial reports (the so called sustainability informs or reports), accordingly to both the Brazilian and European perspectives. As noted, in Brazil, there is no legal obligation to publish the sustainability reports, although the publishing is recommended to the companies by BM&FBOVESPA (administrative institution of the capital market), since December of 2011, through an instrument that characterizes a “soft” Law. On the other hand, in the European Union (EU) scope, there has been a recognition of the necessity to increase the transparency of social and environmental information by certain corporate societies and groups of companies, which is considered an imperative element for their social responsibility. Therefore, both the European Parliament and the European Union Counsel edited directives (2013/2014), regarding the subject of the publishing of non-financial information. The legislative acts in question are destined to all the members of the EU, compelling them to intervene in the national legal structures (“hard” Law) in order to transpose, to the respective structures, under mandatory character and established deadline, the general norms that consecrate certain common parameters regarding the subject.
Exclusión y discriminación de indígenas en Guadalajara, México
Authors: Gracia María Amalia , Horbath Jorge Enrique
Published: December 2018

Este artículo presenta los procesos de exclusión y discriminación de indígenas migrantes en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, ciudad que niega su presencia. Utilizando datos cualitativos y cuantitativos se analiza cómo funciona y se significa la discriminación, además de las respuestas individuales y colectivas que dan las instancias públicas y los propios indígenas para reconocer los derechos de estos últimos. Se muestra asimismo cómo estos grupos migrantes han generado formas de cooperación en lo doméstico mediante redes de reciprocidad y solidaridad intraétnicas e interétnicas en procura de vivienda, para producir y vender, para encontrar trabajo, recrear su cultura y reclamar por sus derechos.
Lançamento do Número 1 da REQ2
Authors: Teixeira Freire José
Published: December 2018

Editorial de lançamento da Revista de Engenharia Química e Química.
IMPACTO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO NAS EMISSÕES DE CO2: UMA APLICAÇÃO DA CURVA AMBIENTAL DE KUZNETS PARA O MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Kunimoto Simone Yukimi , Boson Daniel Silva , Oliveira Michel Angelo Constantino de , Mendes Dany Rafael Fonseca
Published: December 2018

As atividades produtivas são recorrentes causadoras de externalidades, e a literatura é controversa quanto ao real impacto que tais atividades geram ao meio ambiente, ora informando sobre externalidades negativas, ora noticiando acerca de externalidades positivas. O presente estudo analisa o impacto do desenvolvimento econômico nas emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2) no Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), compreendendo o período entre 2002 e 2016. Para a realização das análises, cinco setores foram investigados: agropecuária, energia, mudança e uso da terra, processos industriais e resíduos, todos relacionados com PIB (Produto Interno Bruto) per Capita de formato linear e quadrático, conforme teoria de Kuznets, como fontes de desenvolvimento econômico. A pesquisa foi exploratória, inédita e baseada em modelos econométricos. Os resultados empíricos indicam que, ao longo do período avaliado, os impactos do desenvolvimento econômico foram negativos nas emissões de dióxido de carbono totais para o Mato Grosso do Sul. O modelo econométrico de resíduos apresentou a melhor significância, sendo controverso quanto aos resultados em países desenvolvidos; para os demais modelos, os setores apresentaram o formato de “U”; e o setor de mudança e uso da terra apresentou a teoria da curva ambiental de Kuznets (“U” invertido). Quando comparado aos estados brasileiros industrializados, o Mato Grosso do Sul se mostra incipiente em seu desempenho econômico, porém, ao analisar a trajetória da sustentabilidade ambiental, medida pelas emissões de CO2, o MS apresenta melhores números empiricamente constatados.
Respuesta de genotipos de Capsicum pubescens al daño ocasionado por el complejo fúngico de la marchitez
Authors: Vallejo-Gutiérrez Alma Janeth , Mejía-Carranza Jaime , García-Velasco Rómulo , Ramírez-Gerardo Marithza Guadalupe
Published: December 2018

En el sur del Estado de México el chile manzano (Capsicum pubescens R. y P.) es un cultivo económicamente importante, sin embargo, es afectado por la “marchitez”, enfermedad de raíz que provoca la muerte de la planta. El objetivo fue identificar los organismos asociados y evaluar la variación en respuesta al daño de la marchitez en 16 genotipos (M1-M16) de chile manzano. Se sembraron segmentos de plantas infectadas en medio de cultivo PDA y 3P y se identificaron morfológica y molecularmente a los organismos asociados. Para la interacción patógeno-genotipo, se inocularon los organismos asociados solos y sus combinaciones en C. pubescens. Se identificaron a Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici y Rhizoctonia solani como responsables de la marchitez,  en los que hubo diferencias en severidad e incidencia  entre colonias de F. oxysporum (P?0.01), y de P. capsici (P?0.05). Hubo diferencias significativas (P?0.01) en patogenicidad entre P. capsici, F. oxysporum y R. solani, y combinaciones entre estos. Se observó variación  en la resistencia a la marchitez,  donde  M8 fue el genotipo  que presentó resistencia a F. oxysporum y R. solani, y M9 tolerancia a F. oxysporum. Éstos pueden ser aprovechados en el mejoramiento genético para desarrollo de genotipos resistentes.
Evaluación financiera de generación eléctrica de 2 MW a partir de biomasa forestal en Costa Rica
Authors: González Jerson , Roldán Carlos , Arias Dagoberto , Valverde Juan Carlos , Camacho Diego
Published: December 2018

La implementación de biomasa como fuente energética en Costa Rica se ha impulsado en la última década debido al aumento de los combustibles fósiles y variaciones climáticas que han disminuido la generación energía hidroeléctrica, incidiendo en el aumento del costo del kilowatt hora en el mercado; por lo cual este estudio analizó la viabilidad financiera de generación de 2 MW a partir de biomasa arborea. Él estudio evaluó el mejor sistema de generación eléctrica con biomasa (combustión directa y gasificación), la fuente de abastecimiento de biomasa óptima (autogeneración, compra en el mercado o mixto) y la factibilidad financiera de la energía producida en dos escenarios (venta electricidad al ICE y autoconsumo). Encontrando que la implementación de gasificadores de tipo vertical (“downdraft”) mostraron mayor viabilidad debido a su alta eficiencia, poca generación de residuos y menor consumo de biomasa en el tiempo; por otra parte se determinó que la mejor fuente de abastecimiento de biomasa es con la compra en el mercado nacional (40 USD/ton seca) debido su bajo costo actual de adquisición, sin embargo sería recomendable en el largo plazo disponer un sistema mixto (autoabastecimiento y compra en el mercado) para disponer menor dependencia a los cambios de precios en el mercado. Finalmente, los análisis financieros mostraron viabilidad de generación para autoconsumo (VAN de 5 %; TIR de 17,68 % y RB/C de 1,82), en cambio para venta de energía al ICE no se encontró viabilidad (VAN de -2,0 %; TIR de -21,15 % y R B/C de 1,07) debido al bajo valor de compra energética de esta entidad.
Factibilidad técnica y financiera del cultivo de Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach) para la producción de biomasa con el fin de generación eléctrica
Authors: Guevara Gregory , Arias Dagoberto , Valverde Juan Carlos , Campos Rooel
Published: December 2018

El Pennisetum purpureum es una especie herbácea de rápido crecimiento con propiedades calorimétricas que la convierten en una especie con condiciones idóneas para ser implementada en proyectos biomásicos de generación eléctrica para Costa Rica. El presente estudio evaluó la factibilidad técnica y financiera de la especie dentro de condiciones de una plantación de alta densidad; para lo cual se estableció una plantación piloto de 12 hectáreas en Guanacaste, Costa Rica y se manejó con un ciclo productivo de 159 días y limitando su manejo a aplicaciones de tres dosis nutricionales de nitrógeno (85, 131 y 17 kg ha-1); posterior de la cosecha se evaluó la biomasa acumulada, el poder calórico y su viabilidad financiera para ser implementada en una caldera de 2 MW de potencia. Los resultados mostraron una cosecha de: 85 a 110 ton ha-1 de biomasa seca, encontrado los mayores valores en el tratamiento que usó mayor dosis de nitrógeno; también, se encontró que la biomasa seca de la especie es apenas del 24 % de la biomasa total, pero con un poder calórico superior a 3 800 cal g-1, que incidió en que el potencial eléctrico real fuera de 1,33 MWh ton-1 (considerando una caldera con una eficiencia del 30 %) suficiente para que una plantación de 200 ha con dos ciclos de cosecha al año y a una distancia inferior de 45 km de la planta pueda generar electricidad con una rentabilidad financieramente aceptable; el análisis financiero evidencio este tipo proyecto es viable siempre y cuando la producción de biomasa no sea menor a 120 ton ha-1, el costo del kilowatt hora sea inferior 0,10 USD y la plantaciones no estén a más de 45 km de la planta.
Kualitas Semen Segar Sapi Bali Umur Produktif dan Non-produktif serta Penentuan Konsentrasi Krioprotektan dalam Pengencer Tris Kuning Telur
Authors: Nabilla Anna , Arifiantini Raden Iis , Purwantara Bambang
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of Bali bull fresh semen in productive group (below 10 years old) with over productive group and to evaluate the frozen semen quality of bali bull after cryopreservation in Tris egg yolk extender using Dimethyl formamide (DMF) and glycerol in three different concentrations (5%, 6%, and 7%). Semen was collected using artificial vagina. Semen then evaluated macro and microscopically. Macroscopic evaluation conducted visually and microscopic evaluation with the aid of Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis CASA. Immediatelly after evaluation, semen were divided into six aliquots and diluted with Tris egg yolk (TEY) glycerol 5% (TEYG5), TEY-glycerol 6% (TEYG6), TEY glycerol 7% (TEYG7), TEY-DMF 5% (TKTD5), TEY-DMF 6% (TEYD6) and TEY-DMF 7% (TKTD7). Results of experiment showed that there was no difference (P>0.05) among the all parameters, except for semen volume. Semen volume of productive group was higher than over productive age group. No difference was found in post thawing motility of the spermatozoa in TEY extender with 5% glycerol, and TEY with 5%, 6% and 7% DMF. The higher recovery rate of bali bull spermatozoa demonstrated by spermatozoa in TEY extender with glycerol 5% and DMF 6% (63.33±2.40 dan 68.67±2.33). It was concluded that bali bull semen quality did not differ between productive and over productive ages and post thawing semen quality of bali bull in TEY with 5-7% DMF or 5% glycerol was not also different.
Bina İç Mekân Sıcaklıklarının Kullanıcı Davranışına Göre Değişiminin Enerji Tüketimine Etkisi
Authors: Sümer Haydaraslan Kübra , Yaşar Yalçın
Published: December 2018

Enerji

kaynakları, hızlı artış gösteren ihtiyaçlar nedeni ile tükenmek üzeredir.

Enerjinin en çok tüketildiği alanlardan birinin binalar olduğu düşünüldüğünde

bu alanın en önemli bileşeni olan konutlarda kullanılan enerjinin azaltılması

amacıyla yapılmış çalışmaların önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Konutlarda enerji

tüketimini azaltmak için, iklimsel ve konumsal parametrelerin, binaya ait

tasarım parametrelerinin ve yapma sistem parametrelerinin binanın enerji

performansına hangi oranda etki ettiğinin saptanması önemlidir. Bu bağlamda

çalışmada yapma sistem parametre grubu içerisinde yer alan kullanıcı

davranışının konutlardaki enerji performansına etkisinin belirlenmesi

hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla kullanıcıların binada bulunmadığı zamanlarda ısıtma

sezonunda iç mekân sıcaklığının konfor şartlarını bozmayacak düzeyde

düşürülmesinin ısıtma için harcanan enerji üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir.

Çalışmada Trabzon, Antalya ve Erzurum’da olduğu düşünülen müstakil konutlar ele

alınmıştır. Ayrıca bina kullanıcılarının sayısı ve tipinin farklılaştığı ve

buna bağlı olarak binanın kullanım saatlerinin değiştiği durumlar ele

alınmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda her bir il ve her bir kullanıcı profilinde

ısıtma için harcanan enerji tüketimindeki değişim analiz edilmiştir.
AS RELAÇÕES CAPITAL/TRABALHO NA ERA DA FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO:MODALIDADES DE INCLUSÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Palomino Hector
Published: December 2018

Que significados assume a subjetividade dos assalariados no capitalismo contemporâneo no qual prevalecem as finanças? A subjetividade se articula com as relações sociais nas quais os trabalhadores estão inseridos e para a maioria tende a se impor atualmente a dominação do capital financeiro com uma chave política, cultural e ideológica. Com a financeirização, o capital busca confrontar com trabalhadores concebidos como puro custo laboral, esvaziados de subjetividade através de vários caminhos.  Pela precarização, mediante a desapropriação de vários direitos laborais; pela crescente automatização, mediante a subordinação tecnológica nas condições de trabalho; através da substituição de contratos trabalhistas por contratos mercantis, deslocando a condição de trabalhador para a figura do empresário. Os assalariados, que seguem constituindo a maioria dos trabalhadores, resistem o esvaziamento de sua subjetividade mediante a ação direta em conflitos trabalhistas, ou mediante a defesa de direitos coletivos sustentados nas instituições trabalhistas que ainda perduram. Atualmente na Argentina, os trabalhadores vinculados em sindicatos expressam uma subjetividade fortalecida pela reconstrução de um centro social que articula a classe operária com as classes medias assalariadas, que impulsiona a mobilização contra as políticas de ajuste implementadas por um regime neoliberalista tardio.
The Role of the Cell Volume-Area Ratio in Thermodynamic Analysis of the Cancer Growth Control for In Vitro Experiments
Authors: Lucia Umberto , Grisolia Giulia
Published: December 2018

From a thermodynamic point of view, living cell life is no more than a cyclic process. It starts with the newly separated daughter cells and restarts when the next generations grow as free entities. In this cycle the cell changes its entropy. In cancer the growth control is damaged. In this paper we analyze the role of the volume-area ratio in cell in relation to the heat exchange between cell and its environment in order to point out the effect on the cancer growth. The result holds to a possible control of the cancer growth based on the heat exchanged by the cancer towards its environment, and the membrane potential variation, with the consequence of controlling the ions fluxes and the related biochemical reactions. This second law approach could represent a starting point for a possible future support for the anticancer therapies, in order to improve their effectiveness for the untreatable cancers.
Pathogen at the Gates: Human Cytomegalovirus Entry and Cell Tropism
Authors: Nguyen Christopher C. , Kamil Jeremy P.
Published: December 2018

The past few years have brought substantial progress toward understanding how human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) enters the remarkably wide spectrum of cell types and tissues that the virus infects. Neuropilin-2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) were identified as receptors, respectively, for the trimeric and pentameric glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L (gH/gL) complexes that in large part govern HCMV cell tropism, while CD90 and CD147 were also found to play roles during entry. X-ray crystal structures for the proximal viral fusogen, glycoprotein B (gB), and for the pentameric gH/gL complex (pentamer) have been solved. A novel virion gH complex consisting of gH bound to UL116 instead of gL was described, and findings supporting the existence of a stable complex between gH/gL and gB were reported. Additional work indicates that the pentamer promotes a mode of cell-associated spread that resists antibody neutralization, as opposed to the trimeric gH/gL complex (trimer), which appears to be broadly required for the infectivity of cell-free virions. Finally, viral factors such as UL148 and US16 were identified that can influence the incorporation of the alternative gH/gL complexes into virions. We will review these advances and their implications for understanding HCMV entry and cell tropism.
Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional ZnO Urchins
Authors: Tripathy Abinash , Wąsik Patryk , Sreedharan Syama , Nandi Dipankar , Bikondoa Oier , Su Bo , Sen Prosenjit , Briscoe Wuge
Published: December 2018

Functional ZnO nanostructured surfaces are important in a wide range of applications. Here we report facile fabrication of ZnO surface structures at near room temperature with morphology resembling that of sea urchins, with densely packed, μm-long, tapered nanoneedles radiating from the urchin centre. The ZnO urchin structures were successfully formed on several different substrates with high surface density and coverage, including silicon (Si), glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and copper (Cu) sheets, as well as Si seeded with ZnO nanocrystals. Time-resolved SEM revealed growth kinetics of the ZnO nanostructures on Si, capturing the emergence of “infant” urchins at the early growth stage and subsequent progressive increase in the urchin nanoneedle length and density, whilst the spiky nanoneedle morphology was retained throughout the growth. ε-Zn(OH)2 orthorhombic crystals were also observed alongside the urchins. The crystal structures of the nanostructures at different growth time were confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. On seeded Si substrates, a two-stage growth mechanism was identified, with a primary growth step of vertically aligned ZnO nanoneedle arrays preceding the secondary growth of the urchins atop the nanoneedle array. The antibacterial, anti-reflective, and wetting functionality of the ZnO urchins—with spiky nanoneedles and at high surface density—on Si substrates was demonstrated. First, bacteria colonisation was found to be suppressed on the surface after 24 h incubation in Gram-negative E. coli culture, in contrast to control substrates (bare Si and Si sputtered with 20 nm ZnO thin film). Secondly, the ZnO urchin surface, exhibiting superhydrophilic property with a water contact angle ~0°, could be rendered superhydrophobic with a simple silanization step, characterised by a water static contact angle θ of 159° ± 1.4° and contact angle hysteresis ∆θ < 7°. The dynamic superhydrophobicity of the surface was demonstrated by bouncing-off of a falling 10 μL water droplet, with a contact time of 15.3 milliseconds (ms), captured using a high-speed camera. Thirdly, it was shown that the presence of dense spiky ZnO nanoneedles and urchins on the seeded Si substrate exhibited a reflectance R < 1% over the wavelength range λ = 200–800 nm. The ZnO urchins with unique morphology via a facile fabrication route at room temperature, readily implementable on different substrates, may be further exploited for multifunctional surfaces and product formulations.
Increasing Cellular Radioresistance by Simultaneous CRISPR/dCas9-Driven Overexpression of XPC and HR23B Genes
Authors: Velegzhaninov Ilya , Pylina Yana , Rybak Anna , Shadrin Dmitry , Belykh Elena , Klokov Dmitry
Published: December 2018

Current understanding of mechanisms of cellular resistance to genotoxic stress is incomplete but is critical for a variety of medical applications. Recent developments in the CRISPR/Cas technologies open new opportunities for targeted interrogation of resistance genes and pathways. In the present work, we used nuclease dead Cas9 constructs to achieve targeted overexpression of endogenous genes encoding two essential subunits of DNA damage sensor complex, XPC and HR23B, in HEK293T cells. Both individual and simultaneous overexpression of the two genes was achieved and the effects on cellular resistance to ionizing radiation and paraquat was examined. Using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay, we showed that simultaneous, but not separate overexpression of the two genes lead to a 30% increase in survivability. Irradiated cells that overexpressed both XPC and HR23B genes showed higher clonogenic capacity and proliferation rate compared to the irradiated transfection control as revealed by the clonogenic survival assay. Modulation of the gene expression did not affect cell resistance to paraquat. In summary, our results demonstrate a high potential of CRISPR/dCas9-enabled multiplex overexpression of stress-response genes in functionally justified combinations, exemplified here by the XPC-HR23B complex, for achieving an enhanced cellular radioresistance.
Comparative Study of Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation of Zn Target in Water and Air
Authors: Gavrilenko Ekaterina A. , Goncharova Daria A. , Lapin Ivan N. , Nemoikina Anna L. , Svetlichnyi Valery A. , Aljulaih Ali A. , Mintcheva Neli , Kulinich Sergei A.
Published: December 2018

Here, we report on ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) generated by nanosecond pulsed laser (Nd:YAG, 1064 nm) through ablation of metallic Zn target in water and air and their comparative analysis as potential nanomaterials for biomedical applications. The prepared nanomaterials were carefully characterized in terms of their structure, composition, morphology and defects. It was found that in addition to the main wurtzite ZnO phase, which is conventionally prepared and reported by others, the sample laser-generated in air also contained some amount of monoclinic zinc hydroxynitrate. Both nanomaterials were then used to modify model wound dressings based on biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid. The as-prepared model dressings were tested as biomedical materials with bactericidal properties towards S. aureus and E. coli strains. The advantages of the NPs prepared in air over their counterparts generated in water found in this work are discussed.   
Discovering Seed Proteome: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Smolikova Galina , Lukasheva Elena , Mavropolo-Stolyarenko Gregory , Bilova Tatiana , Soboleva Alena , Tsarev Alexander , Podolskaya Ekaterina , Zhukov Vladimir , Tikhonovich Igor , Medvedev Sergei , Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Frolov Andrej
Published: December 2018

For centuries, crop plants have represented the basis of the daily human diet. Among them, cereals and legumes, accumulating oils, proteins and carbohydrates in their seeds, distinctly dominate modern agronomic practice. Indeed, these plants play an essential role in the food industry and fuel production. Therefore, the seeds of crop plants are intensively studied by food chemists, biologists, biochemists, and nutritional physiologists. Accordingly, not only seed development and germination, but also age- and stress-related alterations in seed vigor, longevity, nutritional value and safety can be addressed by a broad panel of analytical, biochemical and physiological methods. Currently, functional genomics is one of the most powerful tools, giving direct access to characteristic metabolic changes, accompanying plant development, senescence and response to biotic or environmental stress. Among individual methodological platforms, proteomics represents one of the most effective ones, giving access to cellular metabolism at the level of proteins. Here we discuss the main methodological approaches employed by seed proteomics in the context of physiological changes related to seed development, ageing and response to environmental stress.
Deciphering Auxin-Ethylene Crosstalk at a Systems Level
Authors: Zemlyanskaya Elena V. , Omelyanchuk Nadya A. , Ubogoeva Elena V. , Mironova Victoria V.
Published: December 2018

Auxin and ethylene pathways cooperatively regulate a variety of developmental processes in plants. Growth responses to ethylene are largely dependent on auxin, the key regulator of plant morphogenesis. Auxin, in turn, is capable of inducing ethylene biosynthesis and signaling making the interaction of these hormones reciprocal. Recent studies discovered a bunch of molecular events underlying auxin-ethylene crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the results of fine-scale and large-scale experiments on interaction of auxin and ethylene pathways in Arabidopsis. We integrate the knowledge on the molecular crosstalk events, their tissue specificity and associated phenotypic responses to decipher the crosstalk mechanisms at a systems level. We also discuss the prospects of applying systems biology approaches to study the mechanisms of crosstalk between plant hormones.
UPAYA MENGOPTIMALKAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Farida Farida
Published: December 2018

early childhood cognitive development is still in the pre-operational
environmental needs help to stimulate and provide an opportunity to grow
and develop optimally. That all human beings have the potential to develop
optimally, it takes the efforts of the external environment as well as the spirit of
the internal factors (by understanding the strengths and weaknesses) to meet
the personal needs and social demands. So they fully develop human being to
face the competition in the next phase (teens, adults, parents, and the elderly).
Due to the success of the development at an early age will determine the success
of subsequent developments.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Bone Health
Authors: Wagner Scott C.
Published: December 2018

* Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed medications that are utilized for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and similar gastrointestinal disorders in all patient populations.

* There is evidence that prolonged use of PPIs can lead to osteoporosis and altered bone metabolism and can even affect developing bone in pediatric patients.

* There is evidence that the use of these medications increases the risk of fractures in pediatric and adult patients, including fragility fractures of the hip and spine in elderly patients.

* There is preclinical evidence that the use of PPIs can affect bone-healing after fracture, delaying callus formation and altering the biomechanics of healing bone.

* Orthopaedic surgeons, primary-care managers, and gastroenterologists should consider these risks when their patients are receiving prolonged PPI therapy, and the risks and benefits of PPI use should be taken into account when tailoring PPI use to each individual patient.
Optimal UAV Deployment for Data Collection in Deadline-based IoT Applications
Authors: Albu-Salih Alaa Taima , Seno Seyed Amin Hosseini
Published: December 2018

The deployment of UAVs is one of the key challenges in UAV-based communications while using UAVs for IoT applications. In this article, a new scheme for energy efficient data collection with a deadline time for the Internet of things (IoT) using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is presented. We provided a new data collection method, which was set to collect IoT node data by providing an efficient deployment and mobility of multiple UAV, used to collect data from ground internet of things devices in a given deadline time. In the proposed method, data collection was done with minimum energy consumption of IoTs as well as UAVs. In order to find an optimal solution to this problem, we will first provide a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) and then we used a heuristic to solve the time complexity problem. The results obtained in the simulation results indicate the optimal performance of the proposed scheme in terms of energy consumption and the number of used UAVs.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE NO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTARÉM, ESTADO DO PARÁ, BRASIL, A PARTIR DE TÉCNICAS DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO/ Identification of Areas of Permanent Preservation in the Municipality of Santarém, Para State, Brazil, from Geop
Authors: Viegas Simmon , Almeida Rodolfo Maduro , Souza Felipe de Souza e
Published: December 2018

O objetivo aqui proposto é identificar as áreas de preservação permanente do município de Santarém, tendo como base o Código Florestal Brasileiro e a resolução 303 do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA). Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do modelo digital de elevação Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), dados de sensoriamento remoto orbital do satélite LandSat-5 e rede de drenagem da cidade. A pesquisa consistiu em extrair os topos de morros, encostas, nascentes e cursos d’água, realizar o mapeamento visual do uso e ocupação da área urbana de Santarém a partir de imagens orbitais e comparar o uso e ocupação de área urbana da cidade com APP’s identificadas, afim de fornecer subsídios para o planejamento da expansão de ocupação urbana no município. As análises dos resultados mostraram áreas de maior atenção para o planejamento de ações que visem conter o avanço das intervenções antrópicas sobre as APP’s, evidenciando que estas informações importantes para o planejamento e ordenamento territorial da área urbana do município de Santarém.
PERCEPÇÃO E REPRESENTAÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA: AS “PAISAGENS DO MEDO” NOS MAPAS MENTAIS DOS ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO NA ZONA NORTE DE MANAUS
Authors: Duarte Risaldo Lima , Nogueira Amélia Regina Batista
Published: December 2018

Os argumentos apresentados neste resumo estão relacionados à pesquisa desenvolvida no âmbito da geografia humanista, fundamentada na fenomenologia e está sendo realizada dentro do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia do Departamento de Geografia, nível Mestrado da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, na linha de Pesquisa: Espaço  território e cultura na Amazônia, sob a orientação da Dra. Amélia Regina Nogueira, o discente está matriculado na turma 11. A pesquisa encontra-se em andamento, na fase das discussões teórico-metodológicas, tem como objetivo geral: compreender o fenômeno da violência na cidade de Manaus a partir da percepção e da representação dos estudantes do ensino médio por meio dos mapas mentais. A etapa de aplicação da pesquisa de campo, será realizada com estudantes da 3ª série do ensino médio da escola estadual Desembargador André Vidal de Araújo, situada na zona norte de Manaus.
NEW APPROACH IN MODIFYING QUENCHING PROCESSES BASED ON POSSIBILITY OF CONTROLLING STEEL’S SURFACE TEMPERATURE BY INSULATING LAYER
Authors: Kobasko Nikolai
Published: December 2018

In the paper is shown a possibility to govern surface temperature of steel parts during quenching by controlling the thickness of the insulating layer. That results in developing the new quenching technologies like austempering process via cold liquids. The investigations were performed with a low concentration of the polyethylene in cold water using 20 mm cylindrical probe instrumented with two thermocouples. It is established that with the increase concentration of polyoxyethylene in cold water (beginning from 0.001 %) different heat transfer modes are observed resulting in the elimination of film boiling process at 0.001 % concentration, increasing surface temperature of probe during self – regulated thermal process, periodical changing of heat flux densities, slow cooling of surface temperature like in oil when concentration reaches 1 % polyoxyethylene in water, and so on. It is underlined that low concentration of polyoxyethylene in water can serve as an excellent quenchant for accelerated and uniform cooling of steel parts decreasing by this way the cost of a coolant. In this case accelerated cooling should be interrupted at proper time to provide optimal hardened layer afterr quenching. Such approach guarantees increasing service life of steel parts after accelerated cooling with the significant decrease of their cost and eliminates carburization process, The technology can be used for hardening large steel parts like large wind mill gears, large bearing rings, etc.
FEATURES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE METABOLISM AND MICROELEMENTS IN BLOOD SERUM OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Magomedov Sadrudin , Zhabchenko Iryna , Oleshko Viktor , Polishchuk Larysa , Korniets Nellia , Krynicka Olga
Published: December 2018

The preterm deliveries are the leading cause of the perinatal morbidity and represent important mortality indicators. Functional cervical insufficiency, which is a phenotypic manifestation of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, plays the main role in the development of pregnancy complications in primigravidas (women pregnant for the first time) and primiparas (women giving birth for the first time).

Aim of the research: to study the indicators of connective tissue metabolism and basic microelements in order to determine the role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in the pathogenesis of functional cervical insufficiency during pregnancy.

Methods. The 101 pregnant women (the main group) at the 22–32 week gestation period which were diagnosed with “Functional cervical insufficiency” were examined, as well as 34 pregnant women with the physiological obstructive function of the cervix (the control group). Utilizing immunoenzyme analysis we measured in blood serum the concentration of Total P1NP the amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I a marker of synthesis, and β-CrossLaps resorptions marker of the connective tissue. Utilizing the automatic analyzer of electrolytes and a set of reagents for their determination we estimated the content of microelements Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and total Ca and P.

Results. The functional cervical insufficiency in pregnant women was indicated by cervical shortening up to 22.88±1.02 mm, and the majority of women (76.2 %) had phenotypical manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia. We found a significant increase in the concentration of marker of synthesis Total P1NP, whereas the concentration of resorption marker β-CrossLaps remains normal, and strong reverse correlation (r=–0.7362) between the index of cervix length and concentration of marker of connective tissue synthesis Total P1NP. We detected a significant increase in the concentration of total and ionized calcium, total phosphorus, deficiency of ionized magnesium, potassium and sodium that lead to changes in the structure of connective tissue and reduction of cervical obstructive function.
Fullerene-like Nanoparticles of WS2 as a Promising Protection from Erosive Wear of Gun Bore Nozzles
Authors: Rezgui Narimane , Simić Danica , Boulahbal Choayb , Micković Dejan
Published: December 2018

Background:

Erosive wear causes increase in the bore diameter of firearms barrels and
nozzles. Most responsible factors for this erosion are friction and heat generated during the shot.
Protection from erosive wear is very important for gun tube life cycle, and various protection methods
are used: adding phlegmatizers in gunpowder composition or applying protective layers on the
gun bore inner surface.

Objective:

In this research, a possibility is examined to protect the surface of a nozzle exposed to
gunpowder erosion applying a layer of tungsten disulfide fullerene-like nanoparticles, IF-WS2,
known as outstanding solid lubricant of a great mechanical resistance.

Methods:

Nanoparticles on the nozzle surface before and after the gunfire tests were observed using
scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Gunfire tests were performed
on designed erosion device. Temperatures in the defined position near the affected surface were
measured with thermocouples and compared for the nozzles with and without nanoprotection, as well
as the nozzle mass loss after each round.

Results:

For the sample with IF-WS2 lower temperatures after firing and lower mass losses were
observed. Mass loss after first round was 25.6% lower for the sample with protective nanoparticles
layer, and the total mass loss was about 5% lower after five rounds. After the first round the nozzle
without IF-WS2 was heated up to a temperature which was for 150.8°C higher than the nozzle with
IF-WS2.

Conclusion:

Protective function of IF-WS2 is the most pronounced for the first round. The observed
results encourage its further application in firearms gun bores protection.
Bio-analytical Assay Methods used in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiretroviral Drugs-A Review
Authors: Charbe Nitin B. , Zacconi Flavia C. , Amnerkar Nikhil , Ramesh B. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Clementi Emilio
Published: December 2018

Background: Several clinical trials, as well as observational statistics, have exhibited that the advantages of antiretroviral [ARV] treatment for humans with Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV/AIDS exceed their risks. Therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM] plays a key role in optimization of ARV therapy. Determination of ARV’s in plasma, blood cells, and other biological matrices frequently requires separation techniques capable of high effectiveness, specific selectivity and high sensitivity. High-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] coupled with ultraviolet [UV], Photodiode array detectors [PDA], Mass spectrophotometer [MS] detectors etc. are the important quantitative techniques used for the estimation of pharmaceuticals in biological samples.  Objective: This review article is aimed to give an extensive outline of different bio-analytical techniques which have been reported for direct quantitation of ARV’s. This article aimed to establish an efficient role played by the TDM in the optimum therapeutic outcome of the ARV treatment. It also focused on establishing the prominent role played by the separation techniques like HPLC and UPLC along with the detectors like UV and Mass in TDM.  Methods: TDM is based on the principle that for certain drugs, a close relationship exists between the plasma level of the drug and its clinical effect. TDM is of no value if the relationship does not exist. The analytical methodology employed in TDM should: 1) distinguish similar compounds; 2) be sensitive and precise and 3) is easy to use.  Results: This review highlights the advancement of the chromatographic techniques beginning from the HPLC-UV to the more advanced technique like UPLC-MS/MS. TDM is essential to ensure adherence, observe viral resistance and to personalize ARV dose regimens. It is observed that the analytical methods like immunoassays and liquid chromatography with detectors like UV, PDA, Florescent, MS, MS/MS and Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS have immensely contributed to the clinical outcome of the ARV therapy. Assay methods are not only helping physicians in limiting the side effects and drug interactions but also assisting in monitoring patient’s compliance.  Conclusion: The present review revealed that HPLC has been the most widely used system irrespective of the availability of more sensitive chromatographic technique like UPLC.
Region Secure and Pattern Based Alternate 2B-3C Steganography Approach for Data Security in Color Images
Authors: Juneja Kapil
Published: December 2018

Background and Objective:

The public and group communication carried out in the social,
cloud, and mobile networks suffer from unauthorized users. The data security is required for secure
authentication, monetary transactions and other sensitive information. The steganography methods
empower the user with invulnerable communication in public domain. In this paper, a region secure
and pattern based alternate 2B-3C (2Bit-3Channel) Steganography method is proposed to improve
the content reliability and data security.

Methods:

In this method, the cover pixels are retrieved by applying the spiral rectangular pattern
over the cover image. This spiral pattern also secures the core content region and the pixels from the
core ROI (Region of Interest) is used as a cover only for larger size secret information. In this proposed
steganography method, two channels are considered alternatively based on the defined rules.
The LSB (Least Significant Bit) of both channels is XOR with input data bits and key to perform data
hiding. The method is applied on real time color images taken from COREL and USC-SIPI-ID.
The evaluation of proposed steganography approach is done using MSE (Mean Square Error), PSNR
(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio), BER (Bit Error Rate), NCC (Normalized Cross Correlation) and SSIM
(Structural Similarity Index Matrix).

Result:

The comparative results are generated for 50 real time images against the existing LSB
(Least Significant Bit), LSBM (Least Significant Bit Modulation), LSBMR (Least Significant
bit Matched Revisited), SCC (Stego Color Cycle), SHSI (Simple Hue-Saturation-Intensity),
HIS-MLSB(Simple Hue-Saturation-Intensity-Modified LSB) and IMMEA(Iterative Magic Matrix
Encryption Algorithm) methods.

Conclusion:

The experimentation results verified that the proposed 2B-3C approach improved the
data hiding in qualitative and quantitative aspects.
ATUAÇÃO DO PODER LEGISLATIVO ESTADUAL: ANÁLISE DOS INCENTIVOS DOS DEPUTADOS ESTADUAIS NA ATIVIDADE LEGISLATIVA
Authors: Ferreira Débora Costa , Meneguin Fernando Boarato , Bugarin Maurício Soares
Published: December 2018

Estudos empíricos explicitam a ineficiência das assembleias legislativas na produção de leis que impactem positivamente a sociedade. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo analisa a estrutura de incentivos que incide sobre os deputados estaduais e distritais no momento de propor projetos de lei, por meio da construção de modelagem econômica, a qual leva à conclusão de que o atual desenho institucional dos estados tem gerado incentivos para que esses deputados produzam leis particularistas, irrelevantes e/ou inconstitucionais. A partir da análise, conclui-se que de nada adianta expandir as atribuições constitucionais dos deputados estaduais se esses não possuírem competência técnica para elaborar leis e políticas públicas que melhorem o bem-estar da sociedade como um todo ou para realizar atividades fiscalizatórias e se o controle de constitucionalidade de leis estaduais não for efetivo.