bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing Redox Landscape With Coupled Nitrogen‐Sulfur Isotopes: A Case Study From Middle‐Late Triassic Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin (North China)
Authors: Wang Xubin , Dong Lin , Li Tong , Ling Kun , Zhang Changhu , Bin Yijie , Wang Ziyi , Jin Zhijun , Fu Jinhua
Published: August 2024

Euxinia, a crucial geological condition, usually signifies more severe extinction events attributed to deoxygenation in Earth's history. Despite extensive exploration of various proxies in paleoredox studies, most are primarily utilized to reconstruct atmospheric pO2, the proportion of anoxic water relative to the entire basin, and broader trends in redox states. Few, however, hold the capacity to precisely delineate local euxinia within confined areas. To address this gap and gain insights into the temporal and spatial extent of benthic euxinia, we propose leveraging the synergistic analysis of total nitrogen isotopes (δ15NTN) and pyrite sulfur isotopes (δ34Spy). Our study focuses on the Triassic Chang 7 Member from the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, North China. Through coupling the δ15NTN and δ34Spy systematics on 11 drill cores within the Ordos Basin, we reconstruct the temporal and spatial distribution of the benthic euxinia zone during the Chang‐7 period. Our results suggest strong spatial heterogeneity of benthic redox conditions, with the euxinia boundary shifting from the central lake to the southwestern sections. Moreover, we identify redox‐controlling factors, including organic carbon loading, water depth, and potential water circulation, and evaluate their interplay with benthic euxinia. Furthermore, the discernment of water circulation patterns may provide an innovative approach to restore the paleowind direction. These findings highlight the effectiveness of coupling δ15NTN and δ34Spy in reconstructing the local benthic redox landscape of benthic environments, and enrich our understanding of biogeochemical processes.
A Comparison of Regression Methods for Inferring Near‐Surface NO2 With Satellite Data
Authors: Kim Eliot J. , Holloway Tracey , Kokandakar Ajinkya , Harkey Monica , Elkins Stephanie , Goldberg Daniel L. , Heck Colleen
Published: August 2024

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an atmospheric pollutant emitted from anthropogenic and natural sources. Human exposure to high NO2 concentrations causes cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. The Environmental Protection Agency operates ground monitors across the U.S. which take hourly measurements of NO2 concentrations, providing precise measurements for assessing human pollution exposure but with sparse spatial distribution. Satellite‐based instruments capture NO2 amounts through the atmospheric column with global coverage at regular spatial resolution, but do not directly measure surface NO2. This study compares regression methods using satellite NO2 data from the TROPospheric Ozone Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) to estimate annual surface NO2 concentrations in varying geographic and land use settings across the continental U.S. We then apply the best‐performing regression models to estimate surface NO2 at 0.01° by 0.01° resolution, and we term this estimate as quasi‐NO2 (qNO2). qNO2 agrees best with measurements at suburban sites (cross‐validation (CV) R2 = 0.72) and away from major roads (CV R2 = 0.75). Among U.S. regions, qNO2 agrees best with measurements in the Midwest (CV R2 = 0.89) and agrees least in the Southwest (CV R2 = 0.65). To account for the non‐Gaussian distribution of TROPOMI NO2, we apply data transforms, with the Anscombe transform yielding highest agreement across the continental U.S. (CV R2 = 0.77). The interpretability, minimal computational cost, and health relevance of qNO2 facilitates use of satellite data in a wide range of air quality applications.
Ground‐Observed Snow Albedo Changes During Rain‐On‐Snow Events in Northern Alaska
Authors: Xie Yan , Pettersen Claire , Flanner Mark , Shates Julia
Published: August 2024

Rain‐on‐snow (ROS) events occur when rain falls on snowpack and can have substantial ecological and social impacts. During ROS events, liquid water in the snowpack can decrease the surface albedo, which contributes to the positive snow‐albedo feedback and further accelerates snowmelt. In a warming climate, the frequency and spatial coverage of ROS events are projected to increase in the high‐latitude regions, especially in northern Alaska. Multi‐year ground observations at two northern Alaska sites are utilized to evaluate 59 ROS events from 2012 to 2022. Results show that ROS events lead to dramatic snow albedo changes with a mean decline of −0.04 per day, which is considerably larger than the multi‐year mean of −0.005 in May and −0.008 in June. A snow albedo model is used to simulate the daily snow albedo changes due to snowpack liquid water content. The simulated impact of liquid water content accounts for only 10% of the observed snow albedo changes. In addition, composite synoptic conditions from reanalysis products reveal different moisture sources for ROS events. ROS events in May are associated with anomalous high pressure systems over the site and meridional transport of warm and moist air from lower latitudes. While the June synoptic conditions for ROS events show little deviation from the climatological mean and suggest local moisture contributions. ROS events in June show comparable snow albedo changes as in May despite the difference in moisture sources, which implies a prolonged impact of ROS events on rapid snow deterioration during late spring.
Meta Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor with large sampling density and large angular field of view: phase imaging of complex objects
Authors: Go Gi-Hyun , Lee Dong-gu , Oh Jaeyeon , Song Gookho , Lee Doeon , Jang Mooseok
Published: August 2024

Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensors measure the local slopes of an incoming wavefront based on the displacement of focal spots created by a lenslet array, serving as key components for adaptive optics for astronomical and biomedical imaging. Traditionally, the challenges in increasing the density and the curvature of the lenslet have limited the use of such wavefront sensors in characterizing slowly varying wavefront structures. Here, we develop a metasurface-enhanced Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (meta SHWFS) to break this limit, considering the interplay between the lenslet parameters and the performance of SHWFS. We experimentally validate the meta SHWFS with a sampling density of 5963 per mm2 and a maximum acceptance angle of 8° which outperforms the traditional SFWFS by an order of magnitude. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate the first use of a wavefront sensing scheme in single-shot phase imaging of highly complex patterns, including biological tissue patterns. The proposed approach opens up new opportunities in incorporating exceptional light manipulation capabilities of the metasurface platform in complex wavefront characterization.
Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors
Authors: Wang Bilan , Hu Shiqi , Teng Yan , Chen Junli , Wang Haoyuan , Xu Yezhen , Wang Kaiyu , Xu Jianguo , Cheng Yongzhong , Gao Xiang
Published: August 2024

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in cancer diagnostics to enable high sensitivity and high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches for tumor labeling and detection are also made possible by the use of nanoprobes and nanobiosensors. The achievement of targeted medication delivery in cancer therapy can be accomplished through the rational design and manufacture of nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have the capability to effectively transport medications or gene fragments to tumor tissues via passive or active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Simultaneously, nanoparticles can be employed in the context of radiation sensitization and photothermal therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of malignant tumors. This review presents a literature overview and summary of how nanotechnology is used in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. According to oncological diseases originating from different systems of the body and combining the pathophysiological features of cancers at different sites, we review the most recent developments in nanotechnology applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects and challenges of nanotechnology in cancer.
Future sea ice weakening amplifies wind-driven trends in surface stress and Arctic Ocean spin-up
Authors: Muilwijk Morven , Hattermann Tore , Martin Torge , Granskog Mats A.
Published: August 2024

Arctic sea ice mediates atmosphere-ocean momentum transfer, which drives upper ocean circulation. How Arctic Ocean surface stress and velocity respond to sea ice decline and changing winds under global warming is unclear. Here we show that state-of-the-art climate models consistently predict an increase in future (2015–2100) ocean surface stress in response to increased surface wind speed, declining sea ice area, and a weaker ice pack. While wind speeds increase most during fall (+2.2% per decade), surface stress rises most in winter (+5.1% per decade) being amplified by reduced internal ice stress. This is because, as sea ice concentration decreases in a warming climate, less energy is dissipated by the weaker ice pack, resulting in more momentum transfer to the ocean. The increased momentum transfer accelerates Arctic Ocean surface velocity (+31–47% by 2100), leading to elevated ocean kinetic energy and enhanced vertical mixing. The enhanced surface stress also increases the Beaufort Gyre Ekman convergence and freshwater content, impacting Arctic marine ecosystems and the downstream ocean circulation. The impacts of projected changes are profound, but different and simplified model formulations of atmosphere-ice-ocean momentum transfer introduce considerable uncertainty, highlighting the need for improved coupling in climate models.
Variant-proof high affinity ACE2 antagonist limits SARS-CoV-2 replication in upper and lower airways
Authors: Gagne Matthew , Flynn Barbara J. , Honeycutt Christopher Cole , Flebbe Dillon R. , Andrew Shayne F. , Provost Samantha J. , McCormick Lauren , Van Ry Alex , McCarthy Elizabeth , Todd John-Paul M. , Bao Saran , Teng I-Ting , Marciano Shir , Rudich Yinon , Li Chunlin , Jain Shilpi , Wali Bushra , Pessaint Laurent , Dodson Alan , Cook Anthony , Lewis Mark G. , Andersen Hanne , Zahradník Jiří , Suthar Mehul S. , Nason Martha C. , Foulds Kathryn E. , Kwong Peter D. , Roederer Mario , Schreiber Gideon , Seder Robert A. , Douek Daniel C.
Published: August 2024

SARS-CoV-2 has the capacity to evolve mutations that escape vaccine- and infection-acquired immunity and antiviral drugs. A variant-agnostic therapeutic agent that protects against severe disease without putting selective pressure on the virus would thus be a valuable biomedical tool that would maintain its efficacy despite the ongoing emergence of new variants. Here, we challenge male rhesus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 Delta—the most pathogenic variant in a highly susceptible animal model. At the time of challenge, we also treat the macaques with aerosolized RBD-62, a protein developed through multiple rounds of in vitro evolution of SARS-CoV-2 RBD to acquire 1000-fold enhanced ACE2 binding affinity. RBD-62 treatment equivalently suppresses virus replication in both upper and lower airways, a phenomenon not previously observed with clinically approved vaccines. Importantly, RBD-62 does not block the development of virus-specific T- and B-cell responses and does not elicit anti-drug immunity. These data provide proof-of-concept that RBD-62 can prevent severe disease from a highly virulent variant.
Defective mitochondrial COX1 translation due to loss of COX14 function triggers ROS-induced inflammation in mouse liver
Authors: Aich Abhishek , Boshnakovska Angela , Witte Steffen , Gall Tanja , Unthan-Fechner Kerstin , Yousefi Roya , Chowdhury Arpita , Dahal Drishan , Methi Aditi , Kaufmann Svenja , Silbern Ivan , Prochazka Jan , Nichtova Zuzana , Palkova Marcela , Raishbrook Miles , Koubkova Gizela , Sedlacek Radislav , Tröder Simon E. , Zevnik Branko , Riedel Dietmar , Michanski Susann , Möbius Wiebke , Ströbel Philipp , Lüchtenborg Christian , Giavalisco Patrick , Urlaub Henning , Fischer Andre , Brügger Britta , Jakobs Stefan , Rehling Peter
Published: August 2024

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) fuels cellular ATP demands. OXPHOS defects lead to severe human disorders with unexplained tissue specific pathologies. Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for OXPHOS biogenesis since core subunits of the complexes are mitochondrial-encoded. COX14 is required for translation of COX1, the central mitochondrial-encoded subunit of complex IV. Here we describe a COX14 mutant mouse corresponding to a patient with complex IV deficiency. COX14M19I mice display broad tissue-specific pathologies. A hallmark phenotype is severe liver inflammation linked to release of mitochondrial RNA into the cytosol sensed by RIG-1 pathway. We find that mitochondrial RNA release is triggered by increased reactive oxygen species production in the deficiency of complex IV. Additionally, we describe a COA3Y72C mouse, affected in an assembly factor that cooperates with COX14 in early COX1 biogenesis, which displays a similar yet milder inflammatory phenotype. Our study provides insight into a link between defective mitochondrial gene expression and tissue-specific inflammation.
Dehydration regulates structural reorganization of dynamic hydrogels
Authors: Xu Dan , Meng Xintong , Liu Siyuan , Poisson Jade , Vana Philipp , Zhang Kai
Published: August 2024

The dehydration process is widely recognized as a significant phenomenon in nature. Hydrogels, which are important functional materials with high water content and crosslinked networks, encounter the issue of dehydration in their practical applications. Here, we report the distinctive anisotropic dehydration modality of dynamic hydrogels, which is fundamentally different from the more commonly observed isotropic dehydration of covalent hydrogels. Xerogels derived from dynamic hydrogel dehydration will fully cover a curved substrate surface and exhibit hollow structures with internal knots, in contrast to the bulk xerogels produced by covalent hydrogel dehydration. Depending on the competing cohesion of polymer chains and the adhesion at the hydrogel-substrate interface, the previously overlooked reorganization of polymer networks within dynamic hydrogels, triggered by dehydration-induced stress, has been discovered to regulate such macroscopic structural reconstruction for dynamic hydrogel dehydration. With the attached hydrogel-substrate interface, the surface microstructures of substrates can also be engraved onto xerogels with high resolution and on a large scale. This work will greatly enhance our understanding of the soft matter dehydration process and broaden the applications of dehydration technologies using water-containing materials.
Synchronized crystallization in tin-lead perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yao , Li Chunyan , Zhao Haiyan , Yu Zhongxun , Tang Xiaoan , Zhang Jixiang , Chen Zhenhua , Zeng Jianrong , Zhang Peng , Han Liyuan , Chen Han
Published: August 2024

Tin-lead halide perovskites with a bandgap near 1.2 electron-volt hold great promise for thin-film photovoltaics. However, the film quality of solution-processed Sn-Pb perovskites is compromised by the asynchronous crystallization behavior between Sn and Pb components, where the crystallization of Sn-based perovskites tends to occur faster than that of Pb. Here we show that the rapid crystallization of Sn is rooted in its stereochemically active lone pair, which impedes coordination between the metal ion and Lewis base ligands in the perovskite precursor. From this perspective, we introduce a noncovalent binding agent targeting the open metal site of coordinatively unsaturated Sn(II) solvates, thereby synchronizing crystallization kinetics and homogenizing Sn-Pb alloying. The resultant single-junction Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells achieve a certified power conversion efficiency of 24.13 per cent. The encapsulated device retains 90 per cent of the initial efficiency after 795 h of maximum power point operation under simulated one-sun illumination.
Electronic structure prediction of multi-million atom systems through uncertainty quantification enabled transfer learning
Authors: Pathrudkar Shashank , Thiagarajan Ponkrshnan , Agarwal Shivang , Banerjee Amartya S. , Ghosh Susanta
Published: August 2024

The ground state electron density — obtainable using Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory (KS-DFT) simulations — contains a wealth of material information, making its prediction via machine learning (ML) models attractive. However, the computational expense of KS-DFT scales cubically with system size which tends to stymie training data generation, making it difficult to develop quantifiably accurate ML models that are applicable across many scales and system configurations. Here, we address this fundamental challenge by employing transfer learning to leverage the multi-scale nature of the training data, while comprehensively sampling system configurations using thermalization. Our ML models are less reliant on heuristics, and being based on Bayesian neural networks, enable uncertainty quantification. We show that our models incur significantly lower data generation costs while allowing confident — and when verifiable, accurate — predictions for a wide variety of bulk systems well beyond training, including systems with defects, different alloy compositions, and at multi-million-atom scales. Moreover, such predictions can be carried out using only modest computational resources.
Feasibility of peak temperature targets in light of institutional constraints
Authors: Bertram Christoph , Brutschin Elina , Drouet Laurent , Luderer Gunnar , van Ruijven Bas , Aleluia Reis Lara , Baptista Luiz Bernardo , de Boer Harmen-Sytze , Cui Ryna , Daioglou Vassilis , Fosse Florian , Fragkiadakis Dimitris , Fricko Oliver , Fujimori Shinichiro , Hultman Nate , Iyer Gokul , Keramidas Kimon , Krey Volker , Kriegler Elmar , Lamboll Robin D. , Mandaroux Rahel , Rochedo Pedro , Rogelj Joeri , Schaeffer Roberto , Silva Diego , Tagomori Isabela , van Vuuren Detlef , Vrontisi Zoi , Riahi Keywan
Published: August 2024

Despite faster-than-expected progress in clean energy technology deployment, global annual CO2 emissions have increased from 2020 to 2023. The feasibility of limiting warming to 1.5 °C is therefore questioned. Here we present a model intercomparison study that accounts for emissions trends until 2023 and compares cost-effective scenarios to alternative scenarios with institutional, geophysical and technological feasibility constraints and enablers informed by previous literature. Our results show that the most ambitious mitigation trajectories with updated climate information still manage to limit peak warming to below 1.6 °C (‘low overshoot’) with around 50% likelihood. However, feasibility constraints, especially in the institutional dimension, decrease this maximum likelihood considerably to 5–45%. Accelerated energy demand transformation can reduce costs for staying below 2 °C but have only a limited impact on further increasing the likelihood of limiting warming to 1.6 °C. Our study helps to establish a new benchmark of mitigation scenarios that goes beyond the dominant cost-effective scenario design.
Self-organization of mortal filaments and its role in bacterial division ring formation
Authors: Vanhille-Campos Christian , Whitley Kevin D. , Radler Philipp , Loose Martin , Holden Séamus , Šarić Anđela
Published: August 2024

Filaments in the cell commonly treadmill. Driven by energy consumption, they grow on one end while shrinking on the other, causing filaments to appear motile even though individual proteins remain static. This process is characteristic of cytoskeletal filaments and leads to collective filament self-organization. Here we show that treadmilling drives filament nematic ordering by dissolving misaligned filaments. Taking the bacterial FtsZ protein involved in cell division as an example, we show that this mechanism aligns FtsZ filaments in vitro and drives the organization of the division ring in living Bacillus subtilis cells. We find that ordering via local dissolution also allows the system to quickly respond to chemical and geometrical biases in the cell, enabling us to quantitatively explain the ring formation dynamics in vivo. Beyond FtsZ and other cytoskeletal filaments, our study identifies a mechanism for self-organization via constant birth and death of energy-consuming filaments.
Basin-scale study of CO2 storage in stacked sequence of geological formations
Authors: Wijaya Nur , Morgan David , Vikara Derek , Grant Timothy , Cunha Luciane , Liu Guoxiang
Published: August 2024

Commercial scale decarbonization through carbon capture and storage may likely involve many CO2 storage projects located in close proximity. The close proximity could raise concerns over caprock integrity associated with reservoir pressure buildup and interference among adjacent projects. Commercial-scale injection will also require large prospective CO2 storage resource and high injectivity in the targeted storage formations. To accommodate the need for both large resource and high injectivity, project operators could consider injecting CO2 into a stacked sequence of formations. This analysis investigates the benefits of injecting CO2 into a vertically stacked sequence of saline formations, over injecting the same amount of CO2 into a single saline formation, in addressing these challenges. Our analysis shows that injecting into the stacked sequence mitigates the extent of pressure buildup among the stacked formations, while still achieving the same or greater target CO2 storage volumes. Among cases modeled, the resulting pressure buildup front is most reduced when each storage site distributes injection volumes over several wells, each of which injects a portion of the total CO2 mass across the stacked sequence. This favorable case not only results in the smallest CO2 aerial footprint, but also shows the largest reduction in the pressure buildup at the top of perforation at the injection wells (upwards of approximately 46% compared to the single-formation storage), the result of which is crucial to maintain caprock integrity. This analysis provides insights into required decision-making when considering multi-project deployment in a shared basin.
Spatial distribution of active compounds in stratum corneum—partitioning between corneocytes and lipid matrix
Authors: Sjövall Peter , Gregoire Sebastien , Wargniez William , Skedung Lisa , Detroyer Ann , Luengo Gustavo S.
Published: August 2024

The interaction of active substances with molecular structures in stratum corneum (SC) is crucial for the efficacy and safety of cosmetic formulations and topical drugs. However, the molecular architecture of SC is highly complex and methods to unambiguously localize exogenous molecules within SC are lacking. Consequently, little is known about the distribution of actives within SC, and proposed penetration mechanisms through SC are typically limited to simple diffusion via a tortuous (lipid only) or transverse (across corneocytes and lipid matrix) pathway. In this work, 3D mass spectrometry imaging is used to determine the spatial distributions of four active substances at subcellular resolution in SC, including partitioning between the corneocytes and the intercellular lipid matrix. The results indicate that caffeine, 2-methyl resorcinol and oxybenzone are homogeneously distributed in the corneocytes but largely absent in the lipid matrix, despite considerable differences in lipophilicity. In contrast, the distribution- of jasmonic acid derivative is more inhomogeneous and indicates considerable localization to both the lipid phase and the corneocytes.
Utilizing machine learning to analyze trunk movement patterns in women with postpartum low back pain
Authors: A. Abdel Hady Doaa , Abd El-Hafeez Tarek
Published: August 2024

This paper presents an analysis of trunk movement in women with postnatal low back pain using machine learning techniques. The study aims to identify the most important features related to low back pain and to develop accurate models for predicting low back pain. Machine learning approaches showed promise for analyzing biomechanical factors related to postnatal low back pain (LBP). This study applied regression and classification algorithms to the trunk movement proposed dataset from 100 postpartum women, 50 with LBP and 50 without. The Optimized optuna Regressor achieved the best regression performance with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.000273, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0039, and R2 score of 0.9968. In classification, the Basic CNN and Random Forest Classifier both attained near-perfect accuracy of 1.0, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 1.0, precision of 1.0, recall of 1.0, and F1-score of 1.0, outperforming other models. Key predictive features included pain (correlation of -0.732 with flexion range of motion), range of motion measures (flexion and extension correlation of 0.662), and average movements (correlation of 0.957 with flexion). Feature selection consistently identified pain, flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and average movement as influential across methods. While limited to this initial dataset and constrained by generalizability, machine learning offered quantitative insight. Models accurately regressed (MSE < 0.01, R2 > 0.95) and classified (accuracy > 0.94) trunk biomechanics distinguishing LBP. Incorporating additional demographic, clinical, and patient-reported factors may enhance individualized risk prediction and treatment personalization. This preliminary application of advanced analytics supported machine learning's potential utility for both LBP risk determination and outcome improvement. This study provides valuable insights into the use of machine learning techniques for analyzing trunk movement in women with postnatal low back pain and can potentially inform the development of more effective treatments.

Trial registration: The trial was designed as an observational and cross-section study. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee in Deraya University, Faculty of Pharmacy, (No: 10/2023). According to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study complies with the principles of human research. Each patient signed a written consent form after being given a thorough description of the trial. The study was conducted at the outpatient clinic from February 2023 till June 30, 2023.
Multidisciplinary cancer disease classification using adaptive FL in healthcare industry 5.0
Authors: Abbas Tahir , Fatima Areej , Shahzad Tariq , Alharbi Meshal , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Ahmed Arfan
Published: August 2024

Emerging Industry 5.0 designs promote artificial intelligence services and data-driven applications across multiple places with varying ownership that need special data protection and privacy considerations to prevent the disclosure of private information to outsiders. Due to this, federated learning offers a method for improving machine-learning models without accessing the train data at a single manufacturing facility. We provide a self-adaptive framework for federated machine learning of healthcare intelligent systems in this research. Our method takes into account the participating parties at various levels of healthcare ecosystem abstraction. Each hospital trains its local model internally in a self-adaptive style and transmits it to the centralized server for universal model optimization and communication cycle reduction. To represent a multi-task optimization issue, we split the dataset into as many subsets as devices. Each device selects the most advantageous subset for every local iteration of the model. On a training dataset, our initial study demonstrates the algorithm's ability to converge various hospital and device counts. By merging a federated machine-learning approach with advanced deep machine-learning models, we can simply and accurately predict multidisciplinary cancer diseases in the human body. Furthermore, in the smart healthcare industry 5.0, the results of federated machine learning approaches are used to validate multidisciplinary cancer disease prediction. The proposed adaptive federated machine learning methodology achieved 90.0%, while the conventional federated learning approach achieved 87.30%, both of which were higher than the previous state-of-the-art methodologies for cancer disease prediction in the smart healthcare industry 5.0.
A study on microstructural, mechanical properties, and optimization of wear behaviour of friction stir processed AZ31/TiC composites using response surface methodology
Authors: Kumar T. Satish , Raghu R. , Priyadharshini G. Suganya , Čep Robert , Kalita Kanak
Published: August 2024

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the microstructural, mechanical, and wear behaviour of AZ31/TiC surface composites fabricated through friction stir processing (FSP). TiC particles are reinforced onto the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy to enhance its mechanical properties for demanding industrial applications. The FSP technique is employed to achieve a uniform dispersion of TiC particles and grain refinement in the surface composite. Microstructural characterization, mechanical testing (hardness and tensile strength), and wear behaviour evaluation under different operating conditions are performed. Response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized to optimize the wear rate by considering the effects of process parameters. The results reveal a significant improvement in hardness (41.3%) and tensile strength (39.1%) of the FSP-TiC composite compared to the base alloy, attributed to the refined grain structure (6–10 μm) and uniform distribution of TiC particles. The proposed regression model accurately predicts the wear rate, with a confirmation test validating an error percentage within ± 4%. Worn surface analysis elucidates the wear mechanisms, such as shallow grooves, delamination, and oxide layer formation, influenced by the applied load, sliding distance, and sliding velocity. The enhanced mechanical properties and wear resistance are attributed to the synergistic effects of grain refinement, particle-accelerated nucleation, the barrier effect of TiC particles, and improved interfacial bonding achieved through FSP. The optimized FSP-TiC composites exhibit potential for applications in industries demanding high strength, hardness, and wear resistance.
Utilizing multimodal radiomics technology from cervical MRI for diagnosis of cervical spinal cord injury and spinal cord concussion
Authors: Pan Zhigang , Hu Weipeng , Dai Zhangsheng , Li Yuanzhe , Fang Zhongning , Shen Canfang , Chen Zekai , Fang Kaibin
Published: August 2024

The primary aim of this study is to assess the viability of employing multimodal radiomics techniques for distinguishing between cervical spinal cord injury and spinal cord concussion in cervical magnetic resonance imaging. This is a multicenter study involving 288 patients from a major medical center as the training group, and 75 patients from two other medical centers as the testing group. Data regarding the presence of spinal cord injury symptoms and their recovery status within 72 h were documented. These patients underwent sagittal T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging using cervical magnetic resonance imaging. Radiomics techniques are used to help diagnose whether these patients have cervical spinal cord injury or spinal cord concussion. 1197 radiomics features were extracted for each modality of each patient. The accuracy of T1 modal in testing group is 0.773, AUC is 0.799. The accuracy of T2 modal in testing group is 0.707, AUC is 0.813. The accuracy of T1 + T2 modal in testing group is 0.800, AUC is 0.840. Our research indicates that multimodal radiomics techniques utilizing cervical magnetic resonance imaging can effectively diagnose the presence of cervical spinal cord injury or spinal cord concussion.
Red stains on heritage marbles: application of micro-scale analyses to assess the presence and distribution of lead compounds
Authors: Villani Elisa , Suzuki Amelia , Ricci Marilena , Salvadori Barbara , Vettori Silvia , Cantisani Emma
Published: August 2024

Multi-analytical approach to reveal the presence and distribution of lead compounds at the micro-scale level in the red stains on heritage marbles.
Core–shell molecularly imprinted polymer sensor for enrofloxacin determination in various matrices: a novel, sustainable One Health analytical strategy
Authors: Ragab Mona T. , Mahmoud Amr M. , Mohamed Heba M.
Published: August 2024

The One Health perspective highlights the balance needed between antibiotic use and preventing environmental contamination. A newly synthesized MIP sensor offers a revolutionary, miniaturized tool for detecting ENR residues effectively.
Conformational change-based fluorometric aptasensor for sensitive cadmium(ii) detection in fruits and vegetables
Authors: Zhu Jiangxiong , Yin Hao , Wang Yang , Wang Lumei , Geng Xueqing , Deng Yun
Published: August 2024

Cadmium (Cd2+) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the human body through contaminated food and water, posing great health risks.
Heavy-atom-free triplet benzothiophene-fused BODIPY derivatives for lipid droplet-specific biomaging and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Bu Weibin , Yu Changjiang , Man Yingxiu , Li Jiazhu , Wu Qinghua , Gui Shuangying , Wei Yaxiong , Jiao Lijuan , Hao Erhong
Published: August 2024

Novel benzothieno-fused 4-methyloxystyryl-BODIPY photosensitizers named BSBDP were developed, exhibiting high ROS efficiency, for fluorescence and imaging-guided photodynamic therapy.
Thermally activated growth of ternary oxyhydroxides on perovskites for efficient water oxidation
Authors: Wu Chao , Xiao Zhanhong , Tang Ying , Li Junhua , Zou Anqi , Zhu Jiliang , Wang Xiaopeng , Wu Jiagang
Published: August 2024

This study showcased the thermally activated growth of an amorphous FeCoW oxyhydroxide on triple perovskite pre-catalysts, exhibiting greatly enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activities.
Manipulating the structure and oxygen evolution reaction performance in metal organic frameworks via symmetrical control on the functional groups of ligands
Authors: Li Zhi , Li Yanan , Lei Jie , Yin Chengjie , Wu Xiaohui , Hu Jinsong
Published: August 2024

The crystal structure and electrocatalytic performance of Ni-based MOFs were controlled by the symmetrical engineering of Br functional groups on the terephthalic acid ligand.
Microwave assisted synthesis of ZnIn2S4 nanoparticles: effect of power variation for photoresponse and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Priyadarshini Priyanka , Panda Swasti Padma , Parida Abinash , Naik Ramakanta
Published: August 2024

ZnIn2S4 nanoparticles synthesized by microwave synthesis shows reduction in particle size, and enhanced reflectance with MW power. The photocurrent improved ten times with power variation, making them suitable for photoresponse application.
Immunoproteomic profile of Malus domestica in Mexican pediatric patients. Evidence of new allergen prospects
Authors: Torres-Arroyo Angélica , Toledo-Salinas Carla , Martínez-Aguilar Juan , Fernández-Molina Alberto , López-Durán Aramiz , Méndez Sara T. , Mendoza-Hernández David Alejandro , Reyes-Vivas Horacio
Published: August 2024

Background: Apple (Malus domestica) is a fruit commonly associated with allergic oral symptoms in the Mexican pediatric population; however, knowledge of its allergenic proteins is limited.
An untargeted metabolomics approach applied to the study of the bioavailability and metabolism of three different bioactive plant extracts in human blood samples
Authors: Villegas-Aguilar María del Carmen , Cádiz Gurrea María de la Luz , Herranz-López María , Barrajón-Catalán Enrique , Arráez-Román David , Fernández-Ochoa Álvaro , Segura-Carretero Antonio
Published: August 2024

This study proposes the use of an innovative untargeted metabolomics strategy based on HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS for the study of bioavailability and metabolism of bioactive compounds from different vegetal sources.
Tannin-based supplementation influences gut microbiota composition and activity in IBS-D patients with a potential impact on symptoms: a pilot study
Authors: Molino Silvia , Lerma-Aguilera Alberto , Piskorz María Marta , López Mingorance Fabiana , Montero Juan M. , Uehara Tatiana , Hashimoto Harumi , González Ballerga Esteban , Olmos Jorge A.
Published: August 2024

A preliminary, quasi-experimental, before-after and prospective study was conducted on 28 IBS-D patients to test the effect of a tannin-based supplement on the composition and activity of the microbiota, after 8 weeks of treatment.
Correction: Attenuation of metabolic syndrome in the ob/ob mouse model by resistant starch intervention is dose dependent
Authors: Wang Anqi , Liu Min , Shang Wenting , Liu Jinguang , Dai Zhen , Strappe Padraig , Zhou Zhongkai
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Attenuation of metabolic syndrome in the ob/ob mouse model by resistant starch intervention is dose dependent’ by Anqi Wang et al., Food Funct., 2019, 10, 7940–7951, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO01771B.
Advances in photochemical/electrochemical synthesis of heterocyclic compounds from carbon dioxide
Authors: Xie Yu-Yang , Pan Ying-Ming
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews progress in the photochemical/electrochemical construction of heterocyclic compounds using CO2, differentiating between various reaction types and elucidating their underlying mechanisms as well as potential applications.
Extreme ultraviolet lithography reaches 5 nm resolution
Authors: Giannopoulos Iason , Mochi Iacopo , Vockenhuber Michaela , Ekinci Yasin , Kazazis Dimitrios
Published: August 2024

Our mirror-based lithographic technique achieves 5 nm half-pitch patterning with EUV light. This breakthrough pushes EUV lithography boundaries beyond the high-NA specifications and serves as a benchmarking platform for novel photoresists.
A buffering PVDF-HFP-based gel polymer electrolyte for stable and flexible lithium batteries
Authors: Shokrieh Ahmad , Lu Ruichao , Zhang Binbin , Sharma Bharat Prasad , Wei Zhixiang
Published: August 2024

A robust GPE112 film with high elongation at break of ∼41% was prepared to prevent active layer cracks under mechanical loading, exhibiting compatibility with various types of commercial cathodes.
Molten salt modulation of porous MoP@PC nanosheets as an ultra-stable anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Yiran , Geng Xinchang , Cai Junhui , Tan Chunmei , Li Yanjuan , Yan Xiao
Published: August 2024

This study employed molten salt method to fabricate in situ sheet-like porous P-doped carbon-supported MoP nanoparticles (MoP@PC). Due to the unique structure of this material, MoP@PC obtains better electrochemical performance.
Suppressing surface and interface recombination to afford efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: He Xiaolong , Arain Zulqarnain , Liu Cheng , Yang Yi , Chen Jianlin , Zhang Xianfu , Huang Jingsong , Ding Yong , Liu Xuepeng , Dai Songyuan
Published: August 2024

Single molecule passivation significantly enhances both chemical and field-effect passivation at the perovskite/C60 interface, enabling a PCE greater than 25% for inverted perovskite solar cells.
Anti-filarial efficacy of Centratherum anthelminticum: unravelling the underlying mechanisms through biochemical, HRAMS proteomics and MD simulation approaches
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Mishra Ayushi , Singh Surya Pratap , Singh Anchal
Published: August 2024

The anti-filarial activity of CA against lymphatic filarial parasites was evaluated using ex vivo biochemical, proteomics and in silico approaches.
Environmental sustainability assessment as a driver for selection of the manufacturing processes of a bispecific T-cell engager
Authors: Gabriela Monica , Smith Benjamin T. , Connors Bart , Leslie Marc , Hartwick Adam , Gant Kevin , Faul Margaret M.
Published: August 2024

Comparative analysis shows transitioning to a continuous manufacturing process significantly enhances sustainability by reducing carbon emissions, waste, and water usage.
Fluorinated trehalose analogues for cell surface engineering and imaging of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Guy Collette S. , Gott James A. , Ramírez-Cárdenas Jonathan , de Wolf Christopher , Furze Christopher M. , West Geoff , Muñoz-García Juan C. , Angulo Jesus , Fullam Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

The mycobacterial trehalose LpqY-SugABC ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter was hijacked to import fluorine-modified trehalose analogues to label cell-surface glycolipids and directly visualise the Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry.
Sialylation-induced stabilization of dynamic glycoprotein conformations unveiled by time-aligned parallel unfolding and glycan release mass spectrometry
Authors: Jia Yifei , Liu Yichang , Wang Yamei , Li Jinyu , Li Gongyu
Published: August 2024

A glycoform-resolved unfolding ion mobility-mass spectrometry approach reveals how sialylation patterns modulate glycoprotein conformational stability and dynamics, providing insights into the relationship between sialylation and protein structure.
Bridging polymer architecture, printability, and properties by digital light processing of block copolycarbonates
Authors: Schoonover Krista G. , Hsieh Chia-Min , Sengoden Mani , Ahmed Naushad , Sivaperuman Kalairaj Manivannan , Ware Taylor H. , Darensbourg Donald J. , Pentzer Emily B. , Wei Peiran
Published: August 2024

The composition and architecture of CO2-based aliphatic polycarbonates is revealed to impact DLP resin printability and bulk properties, offering significant prospects for advancing sustainable materials in 3D printing through polymer design.
Antibody conjugates as CT/MRI Theranostics for diagnosis of cancers: a review of recent trends and advances
Authors: Abaei Saba , Tarighatnia Ali , Mesbahi Asghar , Aghanejad Ayuob
Published: August 2024

The constant need for cancer diagnosis in the early stages drives the development of contrast agents and imaging methods.
Effects of structural variation in electrospray systems on spray characteristics
Authors: Kim Ji Yeop , Lee Sang ji , Lee Mun Hee , Kim Jun Yeop , Hong Jung Goo
Published: August 2024

Electrospraying is a method of atomizing fluids using a high voltage potential difference.
Mg-rich disordered rocksalt oxide cathodes for Mg-ion batteries
Authors: Quan Yuan , Ji Dingqiao , Yuan Yi , Xu Hang , Qi Rui , De Sousa Coutinho Sofia , Riedel Sibylle , Zhao-Karger Zhirong , Song Lijiang , Robertson Alexander W. , Bruce Peter G. , House Robert A.
Published: August 2024

Mg-rich disordered rocksalt oxides, Mg2TMO3, are examined as cathodes for Mg-ion batteries. Although Mg2+ cannot easily be extracted from these compounds, we show that Mg2+ can be mobile in other cubic close-packed disordered rocksalts, Li2−xMnO2F.
Harnessing multifunctional collagen mimetic peptides to create bioinspired stimuli responsive hydrogels for controlled cell culture
Authors: Ford Eden M. , Hilderbrand Amber M. , Kloxin April M.
Published: August 2024

Hybrid polymer–peptide hydrogels utilize fibrillary-assembled collagen mimetic peptides to create materials with physical and covalent crosslinks. These tunable hydrogels exhibit strain and temperature responsiveness and promote cell motility.
Unleashing the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of silica-based nanomaterials functionalized with an organotin(iv) compound
Authors: García-Almodóvar Victoria , Ardiles Perla del Rosario , Prashar Sanjiv , Páez Paulina Laura , Gómez-Ruiz Santiago
Published: August 2024

Silica-based nanomaterials functionalized with an organotin(iv) compound showed outstanding eradication of both E.coli and S. aureus biofilms and good antibacterial properties through ROS and RNI formation.
Designing antibacterial materials through simulation and theory
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Jin Xueqing , Jiao Zheng , Gao Lijuan , Dai Xiaobin , Cheng Linghe , Wang Yuming , Yan Li-Tang
Published: August 2024

To broaden the application of antibacterial materials in nanomedicine, understanding the complex mechanisms and inherent properties is crucial. This review summarizes the advancements in computational and theoretical research in this emerging field.
Highly efficient organic–graphene hybrid photodetectors via molecular peripheral editing
Authors: Dai Shuting , Xie Miao , Wang Can , Wang Yuying , Han Bin , Xu Shunqi , Wang Kexin , Zhuravlova Anna , Xu Bin , Chi Lifeng , Tian Wenjing , Samorì Paolo , Liu Zhaoyang
Published: August 2024

A molecular peripheral editing approach based on tetrathiafulvalene molecules is presented to elucidate the structure–property relationship of organic molecules, toward high-performance photodetectors based on organic–graphene hybrids.
Ultrathin 2D IZO film transistors printed via liquid InZn alloys: insights into the oxidation behavior and enhanced mobility properties
Authors: Ze Shanhao , Li Fei , Guo Jiaming , Luo Cong , Chen Tongxiang , Tian Yan , Liu Fei , Li Jing , Liu Baodan
Published: August 2024

Atomically ultra-thin Zn-doped In2O3 films with high transparency and superior electronic properties were obtained by a liquid In–Zn printing approach.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with a LUMO-extended boron-containing acceptor for high-efficiency and long-lifetime blue OLEDs
Authors: Yoo Jeong-Yeol , Kang Seung Wan , Ha Tae Hoon , Lee Chil Won
Published: August 2024

DOBNA's LUMO extension and the introduction of a protecting group in the weak position of the donor group result in high efficiency and long lifetime of the device.
Microreactor assisted soft lithography of nanostructured antimony sulfide thin film patterns: nucleation, growth and application in solid state batteries
Authors: Chun Bryan , Doddapaneni V. Vinay K. , Lucero Marcos , Pan Changqing , Gao Zhongwei , Feng Zhenxing , Malhotra Rajiv , Chang Chih-hung
Published: August 2024

This study explores the microreactor-assisted soft lithography (MASL) method for direct, one-step synthesis and patterning of additive-free antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) nanostructured thin films.
Evaluation of the Effect of Age on the Contralateral Acoustic Reflex Suppression Test in Individuals With Normal Hearing
Authors: Bolat Cihat , Yaldız Zahide Çiler Büyükatalay
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to investigate the age-related changes of the Contralateral Acoustic Reflex Suppression (CARS) test in individuals with normal hearing and to provide age-related normal values.

Method:

The study included 66 individuals aged 18–65 years. The participants were divided into three age groups, respectively, 18–30 years, 31–45 years, and 46–65 years. Acoustic reflex threshold and acoustic reflex amplitude measurements were performed at frequencies of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz in the presence and absence of suppressive noise from the contralateral ear.

Results:

In the comparison of suppression amounts according to age groups, the highest suppression amount at all frequencies was observed in the 18–30 years age group.

Conclusions:

It is known that changes in the function of the efferent hearing system occur due to aging. In the CARS test, a decrease in the amount of suppression produced by the efferent system has been observed due to aging.