bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BMI-specific associations between health-related behaviours and overweight – a longitudinal study among Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Oellingrath Inger M , Svendsen Martin V
Published: September 2016

Objective

To investigate BMI-specific associations between health-related behaviours in early adolescence and the likelihood of overweight in mid-adolescence in a sample of Norwegian adolescents.

Design

Longitudinal study of 393 adolescents recruited from schools in Telemark County, Norway. Parents reported baseline data on children’s behavioural variables and background data (at age 12–13 years). Dietary data were reported by means of a retrospective FFQ. Eating patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Height and weight were measured at baseline and 3-year follow-up. BMI-specific differences in health-related behaviours (eating patterns, physical activity and screen time) at baseline were analysed using cross-tabulation and Pearson’s χ2 test (Fisher’s test). Associations between early health-related behaviours and the likelihood of later overweight were examined using multiple logistic regression.

Setting

Primary and secondary schools, Telemark, Norway.

Subjects

Children (n 393) in 7th grade (mean age 12·7 (sd 0·3) years), followed up in 10th grade, and parents.

Results

A moderate to high intake of a varied Norwegian eating pattern combined with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ≥1 h/d in the 7th grade were associated with a reduced likelihood of being overweight in the 10th grade, but only among already overweight adolescents (adjusted OR=0·2; 95 % CI 0·1, 1·0). Screen time of >3 h/d in the 7th grade was associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent overweight only among adolescents with an initial normal weight (adjusted OR=2·8; 95 % CI 1·1, 7·3).

Conclusions

BMI-specific associations were observed between health-related behaviours in early adolescence and the likelihood of being overweight in mid-adolescence.
Electron Microscopy Findings inN-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea-Induced Mammary Tumors
Authors: Faustino-Rocha Ana I. , Calado Ana M. , Gama Adelina , Ferreira Rita , Ginja Mário , Oliveira Paula A.
Published: September 2016

Although the rat model of mammary tumors chemically induced byN-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) has been frequently used by several research teams, there is a lack of ultrastructural studies in this field. The main aim of this work was to perform an ultrastructural characterization of MNU-induced mammary tumors in female rats. Some alterations previously reported in human mammary tumors, such as nucleus size and shape, accumulation of heterochromatin in the perinuclear region, and interdigitating cytoplasmic processes between cancer cells were also observed in MNU-induced mammary tumors. Although a low number of samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy in the present study, we consider that it may contribute to a better understanding of MNU-induced mammary carcinogenesis in a rat model. The ultrastructural characteristics of the two most frequently diagnosed mammary carcinomas described in the present work can be useful to differentiate them from other histological patterns. In addition, the loss of cytoplasm in neoplastic cells and formation of vacuoles were described.
Optimal strategies for a non-linear premium-reserve model in a competitive insurance market
Authors: Pantelous Athanasios A. , Passalidou Eudokia
Published: September 2016

The calculation of a fair premium is always a challenging topic in the real-world insurance applications. In this paper, a non-linear premium-reserve (P-R) model is presented and the premium is derived by minimising a quadratic performance criterion. The reserve is a stochastic equation, which includes an additive random non-linear function of the state, premium and not necessarily Gaussian noise, which is, however, independently distributed in time, provided only that the mean value and the covariance of the random function is 0 and a quadratic function of the state, premium and other parameters, respectively. In this quadratic representation of the covariance function, new parameters are implemented and enriched further by the previous linear models, such as the income insurance elasticity of demand, the number of insured and the inflation in addition to the company’s reputation. The quadratic utility function concerns the present value of the reserve. Interestingly, for the very first time, the derived optimal premium in a competitive market environment is also dependent on the company’s reserve among the other parameters. Finally, a numerical application illustrates the main findings of the paper.
Pränataldiagnostik im Jahr 2016
Authors: Mosimann Beatrice
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung. Seit mehreren Jahrzehnten beschäftigt sich die Pränataldiagnostik mit der Entwicklung von Screening-Algorhythmen zur Berechnung des Trisomierisikos. Mit der Entdeckung der freien fetalen DNA (ffDNA), auch zell-freien DNA (cfDNA) genannt, im maternalen Blut wurde der vorgängig entwickelte Ersttrimester-Test (ETT) revolutioniert; der heute bei uns bereits weit verbreitet angewandte «nicht invasiven pränatalen Test» (NIPT) wurde entwickelt. Dessen exzellente Performance im Screening nach Trisomie 21 wurde in zahlreichen Studien bewiesen. Heute wird vor allem die Integration des NIPTs in den ETT diskutiert. Die Weiterentwicklung des cfDNA-Screenings führt zu immer vielfältigeren Testoptionen, welche die schwangere Frau und den behandelnden Arzt zum Teil vor komplexe Entscheidungen stellen. Auch die Interpretation des NIPTs wird dadurch immer komplizierter. Die Möglichkeiten, aber auch Grenzen dieser Screeningmethode zu verstehen ist von grosser Wichtigkeit in der Beratung der Schwangeren.
Window of opportunity
Authors: Mohaupt Markus G.
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung. Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen sind eine Hauptursache für Morbidität und Mortalität. Es ist vordringlich, diese Bedrohung zu minimieren. Hypertensive Schwangerschaften treten einerseits bevorzugt bei Frauen auf, die zu kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen tendieren, andererseits prädisponieren hypertensive Schwangerschaftserkrankungen, z.B. eine Präeklampsie, für spätere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen. So sollten präventive Massnahmen schon früh nach der akuten Erkrankungen dieses Risiko reduzieren. Dazu gehört die Information bezüglich eines gesunden Lebensstil und zukünftige hausärztliche Kontrolluntersuchungen der kardiovaskulären Risikoindikatoren. In ähnlicher Weise sind Kinder mit einem erniedrigten Geburtsgewicht bzw. Mangelgeburtlichkeit für ein gegebenes Gestationsalter betroffen. Da diese Geburtskomplikationen häufiger bei hypertensiven Schwangerschaftserkrankungen auftreten, sollten den Müttern vergleichbare langfristige präventive Massnahmen getroffen werden. Zusammenfassend benötigen Mutter und häufig auch die Kinder aus hypertensiven Schwangerschaften geeignete kardiovaskuläre langfristige Präventionsmassnahmen. Frauen mit einem bislang nicht erkannten metabolischen bzw. Herz-Kreislauferkrankungsrisiko können damit einem sorgfältigen Follow-up zugeführt werden. Somit kann die hypertensive Schwangerschaft als Risikoindikator die Basis für eine frühzeitige Risikoprävention und ein gesundes Leben legen.
Predicting Readiness for Diversity Training
Authors: Chung Yunhyung , Gully Stanley M. , Lovelace Kathi J.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Using data collected from 160 employed professionals in the US, we performed multivariate and univariate multiple regression analyses to examine the joint effect of perceived ethnic discrimination and ethnic dyadic dissimilarity on trainee readiness for diversity training (pre-training motivation to learn, self-efficacy, intention to use, and perceived utility). A significant interaction effect showed that individuals displayed stronger pre-training motivation to learn, intention to use, and perceived utility when they perceived discrimination based on ethnic background and when they were ethnically dissimilar to their supervisor. However, perceived ethnic discrimination was not associated with these three readiness variables when subordinate-supervisor ethnic backgrounds were the same. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
miR-150 exerts antileukemia activity in vitro and in vivo through regulating genes in multiple pathways
Authors: Fang Zhi Hong , Wang Si Li , Zhao Jin Tao , Lin Zhi Juan , Chen Lin Yan , Su Rui , Xie Si Ting , Carter Bing Z , Xu Bing
Published: September 2016

MicroRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, have been implicated to regulate gene expression in virtually all important biological processes. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that miR-150, an important regulator in hematopoiesis, is deregulated in various types of hematopoietic malignancies, the precise mechanisms of miR-150 action are largely unknown. In this study, we found that miR-150 is downregulated in samples from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia, and normalized after patients achieved complete remission. Restoration of miR-150 markedly inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of leukemia cells, and reduced tumorigenicity in a xenograft leukemia murine model. Microarray analysis identified multiple novel targets of miR-150, which were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and luciferase reporter assay. Gene ontology and pathway analysis illustrated potential roles of these targets in small-molecule metabolism, transcriptional regulation, RNA metabolism, proteoglycan synthesis in cancer, mTOR signaling pathway, or Wnt signaling pathway. Interestingly, knockdown one of four miR-150 targets (EIF4B, FOXO4B, PRKCA, and TET3) showed an antileukemia activity similar to that of miR-150 restoration. Collectively, our study demonstrates that miR-150 functions as a tumor suppressor through multiple mechanisms in human leukemia and provides a rationale for utilizing miR-150 as a novel therapeutic agent for leukemia treatment.
Fragment-based discovery of a new family of non-peptidic small-molecule cyclophilin inhibitors with potent antiviral activities
Authors: Ahmed-Belkacem Abdelhakim , Colliandre Lionel , Ahnou Nazim , Nevers Quentin , Gelin Muriel , Bessin Yannick , Brillet Rozenn , Cala Olivier , Douguet Dominique , Bourguet William , Krimm Isabelle , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Guichou Jean- François
Published: September 2016

Cyclophilins are peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIase) that catalyse the interconversion of the peptide bond at proline residues. Several cyclophilins play a pivotal role in the life cycle of a number of viruses. The existing cyclophilin inhibitors, all derived from cyclosporine A or sanglifehrin A, have disadvantages, including their size, potential for side effects unrelated to cyclophilin inhibition and drug–drug interactions, unclear antiviral spectrum and manufacturing issues. Here we use a fragment-based drug discovery approach using nucleic magnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography and structure-based compound optimization to generate a new family of non-peptidic, small-molecule cyclophilin inhibitors with potent in vitro PPIase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and coronaviruses. This family of compounds has the potential for broad-spectrum, high-barrier-to-resistance treatment of viral infections.
Palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC21 mediates endothelial dysfunction in systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Beard Richard S. , Yang Xiaoyuan , Meegan Jamie E. , Overstreet Jonathan W. , Yang Clement G.Y. , Elliott John A. , Reynolds Jason J. , Cha Byeong J. , Pivetti Christopher D. , Mitchell David A. , Wu Mack H. , Deschenes Robert J. , Yuan Sarah Y.
Published: September 2016

Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of systemic inflammatory response underlying multiple organ failure. Here we report a novel function of DHHC-containing palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) in mediating endothelial inflammation. Pharmacological inhibition of PATs attenuates barrier leakage and leucocyte adhesion induced by endothelial junction hyperpermeability and ICAM-1 expression during inflammation. Among 11 DHHCs detected in vascular endothelium, DHHC21 is required for barrier response. Mice with DHHC21 function deficiency (Zdhhc21dep/dep) exhibit marked resistance to injury, characterized by reduced plasma leakage, decreased leucocyte adhesion and ameliorated lung pathology, culminating in improved survival. Endothelial cells from Zdhhc21dep/dep display blunted barrier dysfunction and leucocyte adhesion, whereas leucocytes from these mice did not show altered adhesiveness. Furthermore, inflammation enhances PLCβ1 palmitoylation and signalling activity, effects significantly reduced in Zdhhc21dep/dep and rescued by DHHC21 overexpression. Likewise, overexpression of wild-type, not mutant, PLCβ1 augments barrier dysfunction. Altogether, these data suggest the involvement of DHHC21-mediated PLCβ1 palmitoylation in endothelial inflammation.
Representational changes of latent strategies in rat medial prefrontal cortex precede changes in behaviour
Authors: Powell Nathaniel James , Redish A. David
Published: September 2016

The ability to change behavioural strategies in the face of a changing world has been linked to the integrity of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function in several species. While recording studies have found that mPFC representations reflect the strategy being used, lesion studies suggest that mPFC is necessary for changing strategy. Here we examine the relationship between representational changes in mPFC and behavioural strategy changes in the rat. We found that on tasks with a forced change in reward criterion, strategy-related representational transitions in mPFC occurred after animals learned that the reward contingency had changed, but before their behaviour changed. On tasks in which animals made their own strategic decisions, representational transitions in mPFC preceded changes in behaviour. These results suggest that mPFC does not merely reflect the action–selection policy of the animal, but rather that mPFC processes information related to a need for a change in strategy.
Adaptive radiation by waves of gene transfer leads to fine-scale resource partitioning in marine microbes
Authors: Hehemann Jan-Hendrik , Arevalo Philip , Datta Manoshi S. , Yu Xiaoqian , Corzett Christopher H. , Henschel Andreas , Preheim Sarah P. , Timberlake Sonia , Alm Eric J. , Polz Martin F.
Published: September 2016

Adaptive radiations are important drivers of niche filling, since they rapidly adapt a single clade of organisms to ecological opportunities. Although thought to be common for animals and plants, adaptive radiations have remained difficult to document for microbes in the wild. Here we describe a recent adaptive radiation leading to fine-scale ecophysiological differentiation in the degradation of an algal glycan in a clade of closely related marine bacteria. Horizontal gene transfer is the primary driver in the diversification of the pathway leading to several ecophysiologically differentiatedVibrionaceaepopulations adapted to different physical forms of alginate. Pathway architecture is predictive of function and ecology, underscoring that horizontal gene transfer without extensive regulatory changes can rapidly assemble fully functional pathways in microbes.
Unusual lattice vibration characteristics in whiskers of the pseudo-one-dimensional titanium trisulfide TiS3
Authors: Wu Kedi , Torun Engin , Sahin Hasan , Chen Bin , Fan Xi , Pant Anupum , Parsons Wright David , Aoki Toshihiro , Peeters Francois M. , Soignard Emmanuel , Tongay Sefaattin
Published: September 2016

Transition metal trichalcogenides form a class of layered materials with strong in-plane anisotropy. For example, titanium trisulfide (TiS3) whiskers are made out of weakly interacting TiS3 layers, where each layer is made of weakly interacting quasi-one-dimensional chains extending along the b axis. Here we establish the unusual vibrational properties of TiS3 both experimentally and theoretically. Unlike other two-dimensional systems, the Raman active peaks of TiS3 have only out-of-plane vibrational modes, and interestingly some of these vibrations involve unique rigid-chain vibrations and S–S molecular oscillations. High-pressure Raman studies further reveal that the AgS–S S-S molecular mode has an unconventional negative pressure dependence, whereas other peaks stiffen as anticipated. Various vibrational modes are doubly degenerate at ambient pressure, but the degeneracy is lifted at high pressures. These results establish the unusual vibrational properties of TiS3 with strong in-plane anisotropy, and may have relevance to understanding of vibrational properties in other anisotropic two-dimensional material systems.
H2A.Z controls the stability and mobility of nucleosomes to regulate expression of the LH genes
Authors: Rudnizky Sergei , Bavly Adaiah , Malik Omri , Pnueli Lilach , Melamed Philippa , Kaplan Ariel
Published: September 2016

The structure and dynamics of promoter chromatin have a profound effect on the expression levels of genes. Yet, the contribution of DNA sequence, histone post-translational modifications, histone variant usage and other factors in shaping the architecture of chromatin, and the mechanisms by which this architecture modulates expression of specific genes are not yet completely understood. Here we use optical tweezers to study the roles that DNA sequence and the histone variant H2A.Z have in shaping the chromatin landscape at the promoters of two model genes, Cga and Lhb. Guided by MNase mapping of the promoters of these genes, we reconstitute nucleosomes that mimic those located near the transcriptional start site and immediately downstream (+1), and measure the forces required to disrupt these nucleosomes, and their mobility along the DNA sequence. Our results indicate that these genes are basally regulated by two distinct strategies, making use of H2A.Z to modulate separate phases of transcription, and highlight how DNA sequence, alternative histone variants and remodelling machinery act synergistically to modulate gene expression.
A chimeric haemagglutinin-based influenza split virion vaccine adjuvanted with AS03 induces protective stalk-reactive antibodies in mice
Authors: Nachbagauer Raffael , Kinzler David , Choi Angela , Hirsh Ariana , Beaulieu Edith , Lecrenier Nicolas , Innis Bruce L , Palese Peter , Mallett Corey P , Krammer Florian
Published: September 2016

Seasonal influenza virus vaccines are generally effective at preventing disease, but need to be well matched to circulating virus strains for maximum benefit. Influenza viruses constantly undergo antigenic changes because of their high mutation rate in the immunodominant haemagglutinin (HA) head domain, which necessitates annual re-formulation and re-vaccination for continuing protection. In case of pandemic influenza virus outbreaks, new vaccines need to be produced and quickly distributed. Novel influenza virus vaccines that redirect the immune response towards more conserved epitopes located in the HA stalk domain may remove the need for annual vaccine re-formulation and could also protect against emergent pandemic strains to which the human population is immunologically naive. One approach to create such universal influenza virus vaccines is the use of constructs expressing chimeric HAs. By sequential immunization with vaccine strains expressing the same conserved HA stalk domain and exotic HA heads to which the host is naive, antibodies against the stalk can be boosted to high titres. Here we tested a monovalent chimeric HA-based prototype universal influenza virus split virion vaccine candidate with and without AS03 adjuvant in primed mice. We found that the chimeric HA-based vaccination regimen induced higher stalk antibody titres than the seasonal vaccine. The stalk antibody responses were long lasting, cross-reactive to distantly related HAs and provided protection in vivo in a serum transfer challenge model. The results of this study are promising and support further development of a universal influenza vaccine candidate built on the chimeric HA technology platform.
Analysis of Sogatella furcifera proteome that interact with P10 protein of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus
Authors: Than Win , Qin Faliang , Liu Wenwen , Wang Xifeng
Published: September 2016

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is transmitted efficiently only by white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) in a persistent propagative manner. Here we used a yeast two-hybrid system to investigate the interactions between the SRBSDV- P10 and the cDNA library of WBPH. Of 130 proteins identified as putative interactors, 28 were further tested in a retransformation analysis and β-galactosidase assay to confirm the interaction. The full-length gene sequences of 5 candidate proteins: vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7), vesicle transport V-SNARE protein (Vti1A), growth hormone-inducible transmembrane protein (Ghitm), nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha, and ATP synthase lipid-binding protein) were amplified by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and used in a GST fusion protein pull-down assay. Three of these proteins interacted with SRBSDV-P10 in vitro experiment GST pull-down assay. In a gene expression analysis of 3 different growth stages and 6 different tissue organs of S. furcifera, the mRNA level of VAMP7 was high in adult males and gut. Vti1A was abundant in adult female, and malpighian tubule, gut and ovary. Ghitm was predominantly found in adult male and the malpighian tubule. These research findings are greatly helpful to understand the interaction between SRBSDV and insect vector.
Violation of the transit-time limit toward generation of ultrashort electron bunches with controlled velocity chirp
Authors: Jeon Seok-Gy , Shin Dongwon , Hur Min Sup
Published: September 2016

Various methods to generate ultrashort electron bunches for the ultrafast science evolved from the simple configuration of two-plate vacuum diodes to advanced technologies such as nanotips or photocathodes excited by femtosecond lasers. In a diode either in vacuum or of solid-state, the transit-time limit originating from finite electron mobility has caused spatiotemporal bunch-collapse in ultrafast regime. Here, we show for the first time that abrupt exclusion of transit-phase is a more fundamental origin of the bunch-collapse than the transit-time limit. We found that by significantly extending the cathode-anode gap distance, thereby violating the transit-time limit, the conventional transit-time-related upper frequency barrier in diodes can be removed. Furthermore, we reveal how to control the velocity chirp of bunches leading to ballistic bunch-compression. Demonstration of 0.707 THz-, 46.4 femtosecond-bunches from a 50 μm-wide diode in three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations shows a way toward simple and compact sources of ultrafast electron bunches for diverse ultrafast sciences.
Microstructure, local dynamics, and flow behavior of colloidal suspensions with weak attractive interactions
Authors: Weis Clara , Oelschlaeger Claude , Dijkstra Dick , Ranft Meik , Willenbacher Norbert
Published: September 2016

We present a comprehensive micro- and macrorheological study of the effect of weak depletion attraction (Ψdep ≈ 1–10 kBT) on dense colloidal suspensions stabilized by short-range repulsive interactions. We used aqueous polymer dispersions as model system and demonstrated the unique capabilities of multiple particle tracking (MPT) to disclose structural changes in such technically important systems exhibiting many characteristic features of hard sphere systems. Below the hard sphere freezing point ϕc, viscosity increases monotonically with increasing Ψdep due to the transition from a fluid to a fluid/crystalline and finally to a gel state. Above ϕc, increasing attraction strength first results in a viscosity reduction corresponding to the formation of large, permeable crystals and then in a viscosity increase when a network of dense, small crystals forms. The fraction of the fluid and crystal phase, particle concentration in each phase as well as the modulus of the micro-crystals are obtained, the latter decreases with Ψdep. Above the colloidal glass transition strong heterogeneities and different local particle mobility in the repulsive and attractive arrested states are found. Particles are trapped in the cage of neighboring particles rather than in an attractive potential well. The intermediate ergodic state exhibits uniform tracer diffusivity.
Generation of biallelic knock-out sheep via gene-editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Li Honghui , Wang Gui , Hao Zhiqiang , Zhang Guozhong , Qing Yubo , Liu Shuanghui , Qing Lili , Pan Weirong , Chen Lei , Liu Guichun , Zhao Ruoping , Jia Baoyu , Zeng Luyao , Guo Jianxiong , Zhao Lixiao , Zhao Heng , Lv Chaoxiang , Xu Kaixiang , Cheng Wenmin , Li Hushan , Zhao Hong-Ye , Wang Wen , Wei Hong-Jiang
Published: September 2016

Transgenic sheep can be used to achieve genetic improvements in breeds and as an important large-animal model for biomedical research. In this study, we generated a TALEN plasmid specific for ovine MSTN and transfected it into fetal fibroblast cells of STH sheep. MSTN biallelic-KO somatic cells were selected as nuclear donor cells for SCNT. In total, cloned embryos were transferred into 37 recipient gilts, 28 (75.7%) becoming pregnant and 15 delivering, resulting in 23 lambs, 12 of which were alive. Mutations in the lambs were verified via sequencing and T7EI assay and the gene mutation site was consistent with that in the donor cells. Off-target analysis was performed and no off-target mutations were detected. MSTN KO affected the mRNA expression of MSTN relative genes. The growth curve for the resulting sheep suggested that MSTN KO caused a remarkable increase in body weight compared with those of wild-type sheep. Histological analyses revealed that MSTN KO resulted in muscle fiber hypertrophy. These findings demonstrate the successful generation of MSTN biallelic-KO STH sheep via gene editing in somatic cells using TALEN technology and SCNT. These MSTN mutant sheep developed and grew normally and exhibited increased body weight and muscle growth.
Theory of tailorable optical response of two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles at dielectric interfaces
Authors: Sikdar Debabrata , Kornyshev Alexei A.
Published: September 2016

Two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles at interfaces are promising candidates for novel optical metamaterials. Such systems materialise from ‘top–down’ patterning or ‘bottom–up’ self-assembly of nanoparticles at liquid/liquid or liquid/solid interfaces. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of an extended effective quasi-static four-layer-stack model for the description of plasmon-resonance-enhanced optical responses of such systems. We investigate in detail the effects of the size of nanoparticles, average interparticle separation, dielectric constants of the media constituting the interface and the nanoparticle position relative to the interface. Interesting interplays of these different factors are explored first for normally incident light. For off-normal incidence, the strong effects of the polarisation of light are found at large incident angles, which allows to dynamically tune the reflectance spectra. All the predictions of the theory are tested against full-wave simulations, proving this simplistic model to be adequate within the quasi-static limit. The model takes seconds to calculate the system’s optical response and makes it easy to unravel the effect of each system parameter. This helps rapid rationalization of experimental data and understanding of the optical signals from these novel ‘metamaterials’, optimised for light reflection or harvesting.
Dopaminergic Receptors on CD4+ T Naive and Memory Lymphocytes Correlate with Motor Impairment in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kustrimovic Natasa , Rasini Emanuela , Legnaro Massimiliano , Bombelli Raffaella , Aleksic Iva , Blandini Fabio , Comi Cristoforo , Mauri Marco , Minafra Brigida , Riboldazzi Giulio , Sanchez-Guajardo Vanesa , Marino Franca , Cosentino Marco
Published: September 2016

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta, α-synuclein (α-syn)-rich intraneuronal inclusions (Lewy bodies), and microglial activation. Emerging evidence suggests that CD4+ T lymphocytes contribute to neuroinflammation in PD. Since the mainstay of PD treatment is dopaminergic substitution therapy and dopamine is an established transmitter connecting nervous and immune systems, we examined CD4+ T naive and memory lymphocytes in PD patients and in healthy subjects (HS), with specific regard to dopaminergic receptor (DR) expression. In addition, the in vitro effects of α-syn were assessed on CD4+ T naive and memory cells. Results showed extensive association between DR expression in T lymphocytes and motor dysfunction, as assessed by UPDRS Part III score. In total and CD4+ T naive cells expression of D1-like DR decrease, while in T memory cells D2-like DR increase with increasing score. In vitro, α-syn increased CD4+ T memory cells, possibly to a different extent in PD patients and in HS, and affected DR expression with cell subset-specific patterns. The present results support the involvement of peripheral adaptive immunity in PD, and may contribute to develop novel immunotherapies for PD, as well as to better use of current dopaminergic antiparkinson drugs.
Correction: Corrigendum: Paired arrangement of kinetochores together with microtubule pivoting and dynamics drive kinetochore capture in meiosis I
Authors: Cojoc Gheorghe , Florescu Ana-Maria , Krull Alexander , Klemm Anna H. , Pavin Nenad , Jülicher Frank , Tolić Iva M.
Published: September 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 25736; published online: 11 May 2016; updated: 22 September 2016 In this Article, the Acknowledgments section is incomplete. “We thank M. Sato, S. Hauf, G. Rödel and the Yeast Genetic Resource Center for strains and plasmids; B. Schroth-Diez, Bert Nitzsche and Jan Peychl from the Light Microscopy Facility of MPI-CBG; V.
Identification of miRNAs and their targets in wild tomato at moderately and acutely elevated temperatures by high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis
Authors: Zhou Rong , Wang Qian , Jiang Fangling , Cao Xue , Sun Mintao , Liu Min , Wu Zhen
Published: September 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19–24 nucleotide (nt) noncoding RNAs that play important roles in abiotic stress responses in plants. High temperatures have been the subject of considerable attention due to their negative effects on plant growth and development. Heat-responsive miRNAs have been identified in some plants. However, there have been no reports on the global identification of miRNAs and their targets in tomato at high temperatures, especially at different elevated temperatures. Here, three small-RNA libraries and three degradome libraries were constructed from the leaves of the heat-tolerant tomato at normal, moderately and acutely elevated temperatures (26/18 °C, 33/33 °C and 40/40 °C, respectively). Following high-throughput sequencing, 662 conserved and 97 novel miRNAs were identified in total with 469 conserved and 91 novel miRNAs shared in the three small-RNA libraries. Of these miRNAs, 96 and 150 miRNAs were responsive to the moderately and acutely elevated temperature, respectively. Following degradome sequencing, 349 sequences were identified as targets of 138 conserved miRNAs, and 13 sequences were identified as targets of eight novel miRNAs. The expression levels of seven miRNAs and six target genes obtained by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were largely consistent with the sequencing results. This study enriches the number of heat-responsive miRNAs and lays a foundation for the elucidation of the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism in tomatoes at elevated temperatures.
Preferential uptake of antioxidant carbon nanoparticles by T lymphocytes for immunomodulation
Authors: Huq Redwan , Samuel Errol L. G. , Sikkema William K. A. , Nilewski Lizanne G. , Lee Thomas , Tanner Mark R. , Khan Fatima S. , Porter Paul C. , Tajhya Rajeev B. , Patel Rutvik S. , Inoue Taeko , Pautler Robia G. , Corry David B. , Tour James M. , Beeton Christine
Published: September 2016

Autoimmune diseases mediated by a type of white blood cell—T lymphocytes—are currently treated using mainly broad-spectrum immunosuppressants that can lead to adverse side effects. Antioxidants represent an alternative approach for therapy of autoimmune disorders; however, dietary antioxidants are insufficient to play this role. Antioxidant carbon nanoparticles scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) with higher efficacy than dietary and endogenous antioxidants. Furthermore, the affinity of carbon nanoparticles for specific cell types represents an emerging tactic for cell-targeted therapy. Here, we report that nontoxic poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), known scavengers of the ROS superoxide (O2•−) and hydroxyl radical, are preferentially internalized by T lymphocytes over other splenic immune cells. We use this selectivity to inhibit T cell activation without affecting major functions of macrophages, antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for T cell activation. We also demonstrate the in vivo effectiveness of PEG-HCCs in reducing T lymphocyte-mediated inflammation in delayed-type hypersensitivity and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Our results suggest the preferential targeting of PEG-HCCs to T lymphocytes as a novel approach for T lymphocyte immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases without affecting other immune cells.
Dynamics of single photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide two-point coupled with a Jaynes-Cummings system
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Zhang Yongyou , Zhang Qingyun , Zou Bingsuo , Schwingenschlogl Udo
Published: September 2016

We study the dynamics of an ultrafast single photon pulse in a one-dimensional waveguide two-point coupled with a Jaynes-Cummings system. We find that for any single photon input the transmissivity depends periodically on the separation between the two coupling points. For a pulse containing many plane wave components it is almost impossible to suppress transmission, especially when the width of the pulse is less than 20 times the period. In contrast to plane wave input, the waveform of the pulse can be modified by controlling the coupling between the waveguide and Jaynes-Cummings system. Tailoring of the waveform is important for single photon manipulation in quantum informatics.
Metabolic and Dynamic Profiling for Risk Assessment of Fluopyram, a Typical Phenylamide Fungicide Widely Applied in Vegetable Ecosystem
Authors: Wei Peng , Liu Yanan , Li Wenzhuo , Qian Yuan , Nie Yanxia , Kim Dongyeop , Wang Mengcen
Published: September 2016

Fluopyram, a typical phenylamide fungicide, was widely applied to protect fruit vegetables from fungal pathogens-responsible yield loss. Highly linked to the ecological and dietary risks, its residual and metabolic profiles in the fruit vegetable ecosystem still remained obscure. Here, an approach using modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction combined with GC-MS/MS analysis was developed to investigate fluopyram fate in the typical fruit vegetables including tomato, cucumber, pepper under the greenhouse environment. Fluopyram dissipated in accordance with the first-order rate dynamics equation with the maximum half-life of 5.7 d. Cleveage of fluopyram into 2-trifluoromethyl benzamide and subsequent formation of 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-acetic acid and 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl) picolinic acid was elucidated to be its ubiquitous metabolic pathway. Moreover, the incurrence of fluopyram at the pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 7–21 d was between 0.0108 and 0.1603 mg/kg, and the Hazard Quotients (HQs) were calculated to be less than 1, indicating temporary safety on consumption of the fruit vegetables incurred with fluopyram, irrespective of the uncertain toxicity of the metabolites. Taken together, our findings reveal the residual essential of fluopyram in the typical agricultural ecosystem, and would advance the further insight into ecological risk posed by this fungicide associated with its metabolites.
Structure and catalytic mechanism of monodehydroascorbate reductase, MDHAR, from Oryza sativa L. japonica
Authors: Park Ae Kyung , Kim Il-Sup , Do Hackwon , Jeon Byung Wook , Lee Chang Woo , Roh Soo Jung , Shin Seung Chul , Park Hyun , Kim Young-Saeng , Kim Yul-Ho , Yoon Ho-Sung , Lee Jun Hyuck , Kim Han-Woo
Published: September 2016

Ascorbic acid (AsA) maintains redox homeostasis by scavenging reactive oxygen species from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, especially plants. The enzyme monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) regenerates AsA by catalysing the reduction of monodehydroascorbate, using NADH or NADPH as an electron donor. The detailed recycling mechanism of MDHAR remains unclear due to lack of structural information. Here, we present the crystal structures of MDHAR in the presence of cofactors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), and complexed with AsA as well as its analogue, isoascorbic acid (ISD). The overall structure of MDHAR is similar to other iron-sulphur protein reductases, except for a unique long loop of 63–80 residues, which seems to be essential in forming the active site pocket. From the structural analysis and structure-guided point mutations, we found that the Arg320 residue plays a major substrate binding role, and the Tyr349 residue mediates electron transfer from NAD(P)H to bound substrate via FAD. The enzymatic activity of MDHAR favours NADH as an electron donor over NADPH. Our results show, for the first time, structural insights into this preference. The MDHAR-ISD complex structure revealed an alternative binding conformation of ISD, compared with the MDHAR-AsA complex. This implies a broad substrate (antioxidant) specificity and resulting greater protective ability of MDHAR.
Glycosidase activated release of fluorescent 1,8-naphthalimide probes for tumor cell imaging from glycosylated ‘pro-probes’
Authors: Calatrava-Pérez Elena , Bright Sandra A. , Achermann Stefan , Moylan Claire , Senge Mathias O. , Veale Emma B. , Williams D. Clive , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur , Scanlan Eoin M.
Published: September 2016

Glycosylated 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives can be selectively hydrolysed in situ by glycosidase enzymes to release the naphthalimide as a fluorescent imaging agent.
Catalytic dehydrocoupling of amines and boranes by an incipient tin(ii) hydride
Authors: Erickson Jeremy D. , Lai Ting Yi , Liptrot David J. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Power Philip P.
Published: September 2016

{ArMe6Sn(μ-OMe)}2 (1, ArMe6 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-Me3)2) and {AriPr4Sn(μ-OMe)}2 (2, AriPr4 = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2) facilitate the dehydrocoupling of ammonia, 1° and 2° amines with HBpin. 2 catalyzes the reactions faster than 1 but is limited to 1° amines. Synthesis and characterization of a tin(ii) amide and amide-hydride give insight into the catalytic mechanism.
Multi-color polymer pen lithography for oligonucleotide arrays
Authors: Kumar R. , Weigel S. , Meyer R. , Niemeyer C. M. , Fuchs H. , Hirtz M.
Published: September 2016

Multi-color patterning by polymer pen lithography (PPL) was used to fabricate covalently immobilized fluorophore and oligonucleotide arrays with up to five different components. These can easily be translated for presentation of multiple protein types to a single cell.
Isomerization of the methoxy radical revisited: the impact of water dimers
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Biswas Partha , Bandyopadhyay Biman
Published: September 2016

Investigations carried out at MP2 and CCSD(T) levels of theory show that water dimers can compete with formic and sulfuric acids in catalyzing isomerization of methoxy radicals in the lower troposphere.
Bottom-up excited state dynamics of two cinnamate-based sunscreen filter molecules
Authors: Peperstraete Yoann , Staniforth Michael , Baker Lewis A. , Rodrigues Natércia D. N. , Cole-Filipiak Neil C. , Quan Wen-Dong , Stavros Vasilios G.
Published: September 2016

We have used time-resolved pump–probe spectroscopy to explore E-MMC's and E-EHMC's excited state dynamics upon UV-B photoexcitation.
The enhancement of electron transportation and photo-catalytic activity for hydrogen generation by introducing spin-polarized current into dye-sensitized photo-catalyst
Authors: Zhang Wenyan , Lu Gongxuan
Published: September 2016

Implanting polyiodides into graphene not only realized spin-polarization of photo electrons, but induced an optimum Rashba spin–orbit coupling to promote the spin electrons tunneling through the honeycomb sub-lattices of graphene, thus the HER and TOF was highly improved.
The effect of alkyl chain length on the structure of lead(ii) xanthates and their decomposition to PbS in melt reactions
Authors: McNaughter Paul D. , Saah Selina A. , Akhtar Masood , Abdulwahab Khadijat , Malik M. Azad , Raftery James , Awudza Johannes A. M. , O'Brien Paul
Published: September 2016

Lead(ii) n-alkylxanthates with varying alkyl groups are used in melt reactions to impart size control on the PbS nanocrystals formed.
One-pot cascade transformation of xylose into γ-valerolactone (GVL) over bifunctional Brønsted–Lewis Zr–Al-beta zeolite
Authors: Hernández Blanca , Iglesias Jose , Morales Gabriel , Paniagua Marta , López-Aguado Clara , García Fierro José L. , Wolf Patrick , Hermans Ive , Melero Juan A.
Published: September 2016

Bifunctional Brønsted–Lewis, Zr- and Al-containing beta zeolite catalysts prepared by a post-synthetic methodology promote the one-pot production of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from xylose in alcohol media through a cascade process.
Sustainable hybrid photocatalysts: titania immobilized on carbon materials derived from renewable and biodegradable resources
Authors: Colmenares Juan Carlos , Varma Rajender S. , Lisowski Paweł
Published: September 2016

The preparation, properties and heterogeneous photocatalytic applications of TiO2immobilized on carbon materials derived from earth-abundant, renewable and biodegradable agricultural residues and sea food waste resources are reviewed.
Monitoring sepsis using electrical cell profiling
Authors: Prieto Javier L. , Su Hao-Wei , Hou Han Wei , Vera Miguel Pinilla , Levy Bruce D. , Baron Rebecca M. , Han Jongyoon , Voldman Joel
Published: September 2016

Electrical profiling using iso-dielectric separation of cells from sepsis animal models shows potential for monitoring sepsis progression.
Robust scalable high throughput production of monodisperse drops
Authors: Amstad E. , Chemama M. , Eggersdorfer M. , Arriaga L. R. , Brenner M. P. , Weitz D. A.
Published: September 2016

We present a microfluidic device, a millipede device, that contains 550 nozzles and enables high thoughput production of monodisperse drops.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzocyclooctene-based and indene-based anticancer agents that function as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization
Authors: Herdman Christine A. , Strecker Tracy E. , Tanpure Rajendra P. , Chen Zhi , Winters Alex , Gerberich Jeni , Liu Li , Hamel Ernest , Mason Ralph P. , Chaplin David J. , Trawick Mary Lynn , Pinney Kevin G.
Published: September 2016

Synthesis of benzocyclooctene and indene analogues inspired by colchicine and combretastatin A-4.
Timing of calcium nitrate addition affects morphology, dispersity and composition of bioactive glass nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Kai , Taccardi Nicola , Beltrán Ana Maria , Sui Baiyan , Zhou Tian , Marthala V. R. Reddy , Hartmann Martin , Boccaccini Aldo. R.
Published: September 2016

Bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGN) are promising materials for a number of biomedical applications.
Crucial role of reactive pulse-gas on a sputtered Zn3N2 thin film formation
Authors: Khemasiri Narathon , Chananonnawathorn Chanunthorn , Klamchuen Annop , Jessadaluk Sukittaya , Pankiew Apirak , Vuttivong Sirajit , Eiamchai Pitak , Horprathum Mati , Pornthreeraphat Suppanit , Kasamechonchung Panita , Tantisantisom Kittipong , Boonkoom Thitikorn , Songsiririthigul Prayoon , Nakajima Hideki , Nukeaw Jiti
Published: September 2016

Herein, we demonstrate a powerful technique, known as reactive gas-timing (RGT) rf magnetron sputtering, to fabricate high quality Zn3N2 thin films at room temperature without applying any additional energy sources.
4-Dialkylaminopyridine modified magnetic nanoparticles: as an efficient nano-organocatalyst for one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives in water
Authors: Dangolani Soheila Khajeh , Panahi Farhad , Nourisefat Maryam , Khalafi-Nezhad Ali
Published: September 2016

A new DMAP-based magnetic nano-organocatalyst was developed for efficient one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives in water as a green solvent.
Stable LATP/LAGP double-layer solid electrolyte prepared via a simple dry-pressing method for solid state lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Erqing , Ma Furui , Guo Yudi , Jin Yongcheng
Published: September 2016

A LATP/LAGP bi-layer structured solid electrolyte has been prepared via a simple dry-pressing and post-calcination process, which exhibits high electrical conductivity and excellent stability in air as well as high chemical stability against Li.
Interaction of a synthesized pyrene based fluorescent probe with CT-DNA: spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular modeling studies
Authors: Ghosh Soumen , Al Masum Abdulla , Ganguly Aniruddha , Alam Md. Akhtarul , Islam Md. Maidul , Guchhait Nikhil
Published: September 2016

The present study demonstrates the synthesis of a new pyrene based water soluble fluorescent probe and its interaction with Calf-thymus DNA.
Polymer–protein hybrid scaffolds as carriers for CORM-3: platforms for the delivery of carbon monoxide (CO)
Authors: Nguyen Diep , Oliver Susan , Adnan Nik Nik M. , Herbert Cristan , Boyer Cyrille
Published: September 2016

The carbon monoxide releasing molecule, CORM-3, was grafted onto a polymer–protein conjugate thereby improving its half-life and release characteristics.
Anisotropic magnetic particles in a magnetic field
Authors: Martchenko Ilya , Crassous Jérôme J. , Mihut Adriana M. , Bialik Erik , Hirt Ann M. , Rufier Chantal , Menzel Andreas , Dietsch Hervé , Linse Per , Schurtenberger Peter
Published: September 2016

Dispersions of magnetic ellipsoidal colloids were investigated to study the effect of a magnetic field on their phase behaviour.
Pitch-based hyper-cross-linked polymers with high performance for gas adsorption
Authors: Gao Hui , Ding Lei , Bai Hua , Liu Anhua , Li Sizhong , Li Lei
Published: September 2016

Previously ignored building blocks – pitch – are employed to prepare hyper-cross-linked polymersviaa one-step Friedel–Crafts reaction.
Self-assembly of transition-metal-oxide nanoparticle supraparticles with designed architectures and their enhanced lithium storage properties
Authors: Guo Guannan , Ji Li , Shen Xiudi , Wang Biwei , Li Hanwen , Hu Jianhua , Yang Dong , Dong Angang
Published: September 2016

Hollow structured transition-metal-oxide nanoparticle supraparticles are designed for high-performance lithium storage.
The introduction of conjugated isolation groups into the common acceptor cyanoacrylic acid: an efficient strategy to suppress the charge recombination in dye sensitized solar cells and the dramatically improved efficiency from 5.89% to 9.44%
Authors: Li Huiyang , Fang Manman , Tang Runli , Hou Yingqin , Liao Qiuyan , Mei Anyi , Han Hongwei , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen
Published: September 2016

The conversion efficiencies of DSCs can be enhanced largely by the modification of cyanoacrylic acid.
Heteroatom-doped carbon dots: synthesis, characterization, properties, photoluminescence mechanism and biological applications
Authors: Xu Quan , Kuang Tairong , Liu Yao , Cai Lulu , Peng Xiangfang , Sreenivasan Sreeprasad Theruvakkattil , Zhao Peng , Yu Zhiqiang , Li Neng
Published: September 2016

This review summarized the recent progress in the synthesis, characterization, properties, photoluminescence mechanism and biological applications of carbon dots.