bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Sistem Senioritas Atau Nenkojoretsu Terhadap Perkembangan Karir Karyawan Lokal Berpendidikan S1 Di Perusahaan Jepang Di Indonesia
Authors: Marion Elisa Carolina , Handayani Ratna , Koda Natsumi
Published: April 2016

Seniority system in Japan known as nenkojoretsu is a culture that influences the management system of Japanese companies operating in Indonesia, including the promotion system for career development of the employees. This study aims to find out more about the seniority system which runs on Japanese companies in Indonesia. This research can also broaden the knowledge of Japanese language students who seek a career in Japan corporates. We use a questionnaire as data collection technique. The result is then analyzed using descriptive analysis. This study finds that there is a position change for respondents who occupy staf positions for more than fifteen years of work since entering work. Though, some of them have not changed position yet.
Feminism and the Literature of Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Authors: Tjong Cendrawaty
Published: April 2016

Feminism refers to the social ideological trends that women ask for equal rights as well as the results of ideology when women know the world, the ego, and the sexual relationship in their process of seeking self-liberation. This paper starts with describing the periods in which Indonesian women acknowledged and was associated with western feminism as well as analyzing its period of development. This paper aims at researching the feminism idelology of Pramoedya Ananta Toer, a leading Indonesian writer, including the factors which affect his opinion on women and the expression of his feminism, which is richly displayed throughout his works. The finding of this research shows that in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s perspective, equality between men and women is manifested in the partnership between men and women, that this partnership is applied in every aspect of lives, which is advanced-throught in Indonesian’s patriarchal society.
Mengungkap Narasi Sejarah yang Disangkal dalam M/T to Morino Fushigi No Monogatari Karya Oe Kenzaburo
Authors: Aminah Shobichatul
Published: April 2016

M/T to Morino Fushigi no Monogatari, a novel by Oe Kenzaburo, offered a different history narration with legitimate history narration of Japan. In Oe’s perspective, the legitimate history of Japan was central to the Emperor. By the novel he attempted to narrate a history from another perspective that was from the perspective of a society of a hidden village in the basin of rural Shikoku forest who were culturally marginalized. The narrator in this novel had a responsibility to continue the narrative tradition to construct village history. The narrator constructed it by taking up history sources from that represent various perspectives. A history constructed by the narrator tended to inverse Japan’s official history, and narrated what is being disclaimed in Japan’s official history. That village history also pointed out that there was not any single version in history narration. Those various history versions coexist and are placed in equality in the novel.
Developing Specific Chinese Teaching Material for Indonesia Based on a Comparation between Chinese and English Teaching Materials
Authors: Rosalin Kelly
Published: April 2016

Teaching material is a foundation of language learning. It is also a very important tool in teaching and learning process. Especially for students who learnt in non-Chinese environment, during the learning process, they can only rely on teachers and teaching materials. Article was based on previous research about teaching methods. Article used two teaching materials that have Indonesian language translation Contemporary Chinese and Chuji Biaozhun Huayu. Besides, it compared the content and designed to analyze the similarities and differences of these teaching materials. Through the analysis, research gives solution in teaching materials design.
Various Dimensions of Globalization and Their Implications for The Leadership and Management of Education
Authors: Rifai Irfan
Published: April 2016

Globalization impacts worldwide societies in economic, social, political, cultural and many other aspects. Helped by the great invasion of technology, these impacts are accelarated in the past few years. Countries of the world are now competing, strengthening alliances, and restructuring themselves: in and out, to be able to cope with the fast changing world. This is a salient moment for educational sector. Realizing how vital its role is, governments are advised not to take wrong implications considering its damaging impacts. This article presents the various dimensions of globalizations taken from different resources and offers implications that leaders of educational sector can do to cope with the challenges of the globalized world have to offer.
How Will the Use of Technology in Translation and Testing Affect Language Learning?
Authors: Bourne David Michael
Published: April 2016

Technology has an ever increasing impact on how we work and live. Article adressed the issue of the impact of technology in two key areas of language learning. On the one side learners increasingly used technology to translate. Given this trend, was there any real need to learn a language. On the other side, educational institutions increasingly used technology to rate language proficiency. Given this trend, would the work of the teacher become less and less important. The survey was conducted by using quantitative method. The respondents’ age range was 18-25. There were 53 respondents, 35% were male and 65% were female. The instrument was a questionaire having 9 questions describing the students’ reliance on computer in translation. It can be concluded that learners of English indicate that they accept and welcome the role of technology in language learning, but there is a doubt that the role and participation of humans in the learning process will be completely replaced. The human element remains an important ingredient. (EE)
Integrasi Pembelajaran Kanji dengan Pembelajaran Sakubun untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis
Authors: Astami Timur Sri , Ningrum Rosita , Budihardja Felicia
Published: April 2016

Research aims to find the influence of strategies used in intermediate kanji learning, i.e. in a more applicative class using kanji, on middle kanji and composition class (sakubun). Research viewed and compared the influence of students’ mark in Intermediate Kanji with their mark in Sakubun. The questionnaire used in this research was the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) consisting of 50 questions associated with types of strategy to learn kanji. The result obtained using T-test and correlation test was the students’ mark in kanji affected their mark in Sakubun. The relationship is the higher mark in kanji, the higher mark in Sakubun. As a conclusion, student essay writing ability is affected by the numbers of kanji remembered and used by students.
Reading Journal as A Way to Improve Students’ Comprehension toward A Textbook Reading Material
Authors: Winiharti Menik , Herawati Agnes , Rahayu Esti
Published: April 2016

Reading journal is one way to record students’ independent learning based on text they read. This study was conducted to find out the students’ level of reading comprehension through some notes written in the reading journal, the extent to which the activity of writing reading journals improved students’ reading comprehension, whether the students got benefit from reading journal. There were 104 respondents coming from four different departments in Bina Nusantara University were asked to read a text related to the subject they learned in a certain session. Then they were assigned to write a journal that records the things they had read. When this task was finished, the lecturer ran a quiz containing related questions to check whether they really understood the content of the text. Afterwards, students were to fill in a questionnaire regarding their opinion on the impact of the reading journal toward their reading comprehension. The findings indicate that more than half of the participants appear to understand the material well, and the task plays a certain role in improving students’ understanding. The most crucial thing is that most students think they get benefit by writing the reading journal.
Post-treatment of sanitary landfill leachate by coagulation–flocculation using chitosan as primary coagulant
Authors: Nascimento Inara Oliveira do Carmo , Guedes Ana Rosa Pinto , Perelo Louisa Wessels , Queiroz Luciano Matos
Published: April 2016

Chitosan was chosen as an alternative primary coagulant in a complementary coagulation–flocculation treatment of sanitary landfill leachate with the aim of removing recalcitrant organic matter. In order to optimize the process conditions, central composite design and response surface methodology were applied. To evaluate the performance of the process using chitosan, we also carried out tests with aluminium sulphate (Al2 (SO4)3.14 H2O) as coagulant. In addition, acute toxicity tests were carried using the duckweed Lemna minor and the guppy fish Poecilia reticulata as test organisms. The analytic hierarchy process was employed for selecting the most appropriate coagulant. Mean values of true colour removal efficiency of 80% and turbidity removal efficiency of 91.4% were reached at chitosan dosages of 960 mg L−1 at pH 8.5. The acute toxicity tests showed that organisms were sensitive to all samples, mainly after coagulation–flocculation using chitosan. CE50 for L. minor was not determined because there was no inhibition of the average growth rate and biomass production; LC50 for P. reticulata was 23% (v v−1). Multi-criteria analysis showed that alum was the most appropriate coagulant. Therefore, chitosan as primary coagulant was not considered to be a viable alternative in the post-treatment of landfill leachate.
Individual variation in dental characteristics for estimating age of African lions
Authors: White Paula A. , Belant Jerrold L.
Published: April 2016

Countries that allow sport hunting of African lions,Panthera leo, increasingly are mandating minimum age regulations for harvested individuals that require accurate aging techniques. However, individual variation in dental characteristics used for aging could result in errors and has not been quantified. We assessed individual variation in three dental methods for estimating age of lions using left and right paired PM2s from 31 free‐ranging lions of unknown age from Zambia. Assignment of individuals to age class based on crown wear was largely consistent (87%) between paired PM2s; measures of pulp chamber closure also were highly consistent (< 4% variation) between pairs. Though pulp chamber closure varied little between pairs, calibrating pulp closure with known‐aged lions is needed to fully develop this method. In contrast, cementum line counts differed between paired PM2s in 94% of lions, ranging from 1 to 7 cementum lines (i.e. 0.5–3.5 years). Of lions with cementum lion counts that differed between teeth, 45% were estimated as meeting the 5‐ or 6‐year‐old minimum age used in trophy lion monitoring programs with one PM2, but not the paired PM2. Though individual variation in cementum line counts may render this technique unsuitable for aging lions, using the maximum or average count from both PM2s warrants further investigation. Individual variation in dental characteristics should be considered when developing lion aging techniques based on dentition.
Impact of Technology from Learning Environment to Organizational Practices
Authors: Alkhabra Saleh , Abdullah Natrah
Published: April 2016

Technology has been widely adopted in the learning environment to replace conventional face-to-face learning system. The attractiveness of technology into learning was supported by its convenient, versatile, interactive and effectiveness in delivering learning even at remote environment. Flexibility afforded by online learning environment allows its users to interactively transfer knowledge and skills to other users. These learning features promoted the popularity technology integration into learning environment which has been central to converting the abundance information available online and raw data available in organizations into database to improve business activities. In this review, issues arising from knowledge creation and management have been discussed as well as the relevancy of the interactive learning environment afforded by technology. Technology-based learning was found to have become integral part of life and has promoted learning isolated environment. Knowledge creation and management were found to be more effective when they are integrated to resolve organization problems. This paper supported that both knowledge creation and knowledge management are crucial components to create a strategic business advantage.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-2: 108-114
RNF213 as the major susceptibility gene for Chinese patients with moyamoya disease and its clinical relevance
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Yaping , Zhang Dong , Wang Rong , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuo , Yu Lanbing , Lu Chaoxia , Liu Fang , Zhou Jian , Zhang Xue , Zhao Jizong
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous cerebrovascular disease. The authors conducted a genetic study of really interesting new gene (RING) finger protein 213 (RNF213); actin alpha 2 (ACTA2); BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3); and guanylate cyclase 1, soluble, alpha 3 (GUCY1A3) as well as a clinical phenotype analysis in Chinese MMD patients to determine whether genetic differences are responsible for the different clinical features that appear in MMD in different ethnicities.

METHODS

A panel was designed to identify disease-causing mutations in MMD genes and those involved in related disorders (RNF213, ACTA2, BRCC3, and GUCY1A3). The panel was used to detect disease-causing mutations in 255 Chinese MMD patients. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between patients and 300 controls. A mutation segregation analysis was performed in 34 families, and genotype-phenotype correlations were made.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven rare missense variants of RNF213 were identified and were not found in controls. Among them, p.R4810K was identified in 31.4% of patients (80 of 255) with MMD. Significantly higher frequencies of the A allele and G/A genotype of p.R4810K were observed in MMD patients compared with controls (χ2 = 104.166, p < 0.000). Twenty-five rare variants were identified in 10.6% of patients (27 of 255) without p.R4810K variants. Segregation analysis supported an association between MMD and 3 variants. No possible disease-causing mutations were identified in ACTA2, BRCC3, or GUCY1A3. Compared with patients without the rare variants in RNF213, the p.R4810K heterozygous patients were younger at diagnosis (25 vs 29 years old, p = 0.049) and had more familial cases (24% vs 4.4%, p = 0.000), ischemic cases (81.3% vs 67.5%, p = 0.037), and involvement of the posterior cerebral artery (52% vs 32.5%, p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

RNF213 is the major susceptibility gene in Chinese MMD patients. The spectrum of rare variants identified in Chinese MMD patients was diverse. Compared to patients without the rare variants in RNF213, the p.R4810K heterozygous patients exhibited different clinical features.
Ontologie et judaïsme
Authors: Israel Marc
Published: April 2016

L’Existence (de tout et de quoi que ce soit) libère de la tyrannie de quelque existant que ce soit : telle est la thèse à laquelle peut accéder une démarche ontologique, telle pourrait être aussi la définition du judaïsme. Je propose le parcours de deux hypothèses concernant le verbe « exister », j’explique mes raisons de préférer la deuxième, je montre en quoi celle-ci coïncide avec certains aspects du texte biblique (personnages – dont le personnage divin –, mise en scène) et je situe pour finir cette conception par rapport à Heidegger (à qui manque la connaissance du judaïsme) et à Spinoza (à qui manque le sens du caractère littéraire et ludique, pas seulement populaire, de la Torah écrite-orale).
La normalisation des relations entre les États-Unis et Cuba : effets sur la communauté cubaine de Miami
Authors: Lambert Hélène
Published: April 2016

Le processus de normalisation des relations engagé entre les États-Unis et Cuba rompt avec plus de cinquante ans d’hostilité entre les deux pays. L’opposition au gouvernement cubain constituait la base de l’action politique de la communauté cubaine de Miami, qui bouleversa l’équilibre social, économique et surtout politique du comté de Miami-Dade, tout en contribuant à son développement. La nouvelle politique à l’égard de Cuba risque à terme de remettre en cause l’influence de la communauté cubaine de Miami à l’échelle nationale ainsi que l’importance du parti républicain en Floride tout en modifiant les rapports entre les différents groupes ethniques de Miami.
Optimal Image Watermarking using Hybrid Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Todmal Satish Ramchandra , Patil Suhas Haribhau
Published: April 2016

Image watermarking is a process of embedding secret information into cover image to secure transmission of secret data. Literature presents several image watermarking techniques are based on different transformation such as, wavelet transform, Fourier transform and cosine transform. Most of the authors have been developed an embedding and extraction algorithm newly with the transformed image. Then, the optimal location for embedding the secret data was identified by using optimization algorithm. Accordingly, the authors have developed an optimal robust watermarking technique using genetic algorithm and wavelet transform. In the previous work, watermarks were embedded into the wavelet coefficients of HL and LH band after searching the optimal locations in order to improve both quality of watermarked image and robustness of the watermark. In this work, the authors have developed to improve the genetic algorithm by combining it with Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC Algorithm). Here, they have used hybrid algorithm for finding of optimal location in watermarking process. Finally, the comparative evaluation of the hybrid algorithm will be done with the existing and previous technique using different images and the performance of the extended algorithm will be analyzed using the PSNR, NC with convergence rate.
Fault Tolerant Control for a Fractional Order AUV System
Authors: Joshi Sneha D. , Talange D. B.
Published: April 2016

In the last decade Autonomous Underwater Vehicles are used in large number. The control issue of these vehicles is very challenging due to uncertain underwater environment. Conventional controllers may fail during operations especially when changes in the system occur, since it is impossible to re tune the controller in water. Hence the autonomous underwater system must have controller capability to detect, identify and tolerate fault, abort the ongoing mission and return to water surface. In this paper fault tolerant control algorithm is designed and applied to fractional order model of AUV. While designing fault tolerant controller state observer feedback technique is used. It is observed that the fractional order system is stable for fractional order greater than 1 and less than 2 under normal and under actuator failure conditions. For gain optimization of feedback controller LMI approach is used.
The Role of Awareness for Complex Planning Task Performance
Authors: Lukosch Heide , Groen Daan , Kurapati Shalini , Klemke Roland , Verbraeck Alexander
Published: April 2016

This study introduces the concept of microgames to support situated learning in order to foster situational awareness (SA) of planners in seaport container terminals. In today's complex working environments, it is often difficult to develop the required level of understanding of a given situation, described as situational awareness. A container terminal represents an important, complex node in the multimodal transportation of goods. Many operations have to be planned in order to ensure a high performance of the whole system. To evaluate the relation between SA and planning task performance, the authors conducted tests with 142 participants. They evaluated the role of SA in integrated planning activities, and the playability and usefulness of the microgame. In conclusion, the authors can state that SA is very conducive to integrated planning tasks in container terminal operations. The microgame approach allows for an enjoyable game activity, while providing a meaningful situated learning experience towards SA.
VR-Based Gamification of Communication Training and Oral Examination in a Second Language
Authors: Reitz Liesa , Sohny Aline , Lochmann Gerrit
Published: April 2016

The authors present a novel way of oral language training by embedding the English as a foreign language (EFL) learning process into a generic 3D Cooperative Virtual Reality (VR) Game. Due to lack of time, resources and innovation, the language classroom is limited in its possibilities of promoting authentic communication. Therefore, the researchers investigated how to induce a VR setting with information gaps, for which they designed a template which intrinsically promotes communication and the students' confidence in using EFL. Thereby, VR enables the simulation of real life situations, creating both comfortable and authentic training environments. The game content is based on the internationally approved Graded Examination in Spoken English (GESE) Trinity Exam and can be adapted to the needs of the learners or the given curricula. The empirical analysis shows that the designed game trains the students' communication skills, evoking a high amount of speech and a qualitative linguistic output.
Comparison of hermetic sealing using SAC and SnPb solder for a MEMS pressure sensor
Authors: Visser Taklo Maaike M. , Belle Branson , Graff Joachim Seland , Vardøy Astrid-Sofie , Ramsdal Elisabeth
Published: April 2016

In order to minimize the influence of packaging stress on the signal of MEMS pressure sensors, the pressure inlet can be reduced in footprint and mechanically decoupled from the mechanically moving parts. Moreover, the formation of a hermetic seal between the sensor inlet and an external inlet becomes more challenging as the footprint is reduced. Soldering is a preferred solution as a hermetic seal is achievable despite some surface roughness at the surfaces to be joined. However, the metallization on the MEMS, the solder and the metallization on the external inlet must be carefully matched to assure long term stability; the solder will react quickly with the metal layers deposited on the surfaces during the reflow process and later at a reduced rate during storage and application. The formation of intermetallic compounds (IMC) can catastrophically degrade the integrity of a joint if large amounts of voids are formed or the mechanical compliance significantly reduces as a result of the IMC formation.

The metallization alternatives for the MEMS in this case were sputtered TiW/Au and NiCr/Au. The TiW and NiCr are adhesion layers whereas the Au is applied as a wetting layer which is normally fully consumed during the soldering process. A thick layer of plated Au, or a thick layer of plated Ni with a thin surface finish layer of Au, were possible metallization alternatives for the external inlet. Dewetting of solder from TiW is frequently mentioned in literature, but less conclusive work is published about soldering to NiCr/Au [1–3]. In particular, limited work has been published on long term effects of soldering to NiCr/Au surfaces using a SAC solder. In this work TiW and NiCr were compared as adhesion layers. In addition, SAC and SnPb were compared as solder, and Au and Ni/Au were compared as metallization on the external inlet. A total of 10–20 assemblies were prepared for each of 12 tested combinations. Half of the assemblies were exposed to high temperature storage (HTS) for ~300 hours at 130–150 °C. Shear testing and inspection of fracture surfaces and cross sections using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed for samples
Impact of Top Die Thickness on Cu Pillar Fatigue in Exposed Die 3D Packages
Authors: Agarwal Rahul , Kannan Sukesh , Gao Shan , Reed Rick , Song Yong , Paek JS
Published: April 2016

Customer demand for more powerful, faster, and multifunctional electronic devices in lighter and smaller form factors is forcing the electronics industry to expand the edges of the packaging envelope. 3D packaging is a result of such initiatives. Logic and memory dice (or logic and logic dice) are stacked on top of one another and connected through vertical Through Silicon Vias (TSVs). 3D integration has several well documented benefits such as lower power consumption, higher bandwidth, and low latency, to name a few. An added benefit of such a packaging scheme is that it reduces overall package dimensions compared to Multi-Chip Modules (MCMs). However, since the dies are stacked, total package height generally increases. One of the methods to minimize this effect is to use exposed die package construction. In this paper, exposed die 3D packages are examined and challenges associated with stacking thin dies with exposed molding are discussed. Exposed die package construction is of high importance to customers in mobile markets where power requirements and heat generation are low, but package thickness is of utmost importance. Data has been generated using a 20nm CPI (Chip Package Interaction) die which is packaged in a 3D format to study the impact of die stacking along with the presence of TSVs on Ultra Low-k (ULK) dielectrics. ULKs are commonly used in the Back End of Line (BEoL) during Si device wafer fabrication. Via middle TSV integration scheme is used to integrate TSVs in the CPI chip and a face-to-back (F2B) approach is used to assemble the top die on the CPI chiplet. The top die is mechanical in nature with Cu micro pillars and a few metal layers to form daisy chain structures when joined to the backside of TSV die. The CPI wafers are bumped on the frontside using Cu pillars and the wafers are then thinned to ~50um. The TSVs are carefully exposed from the wafer backside and wettable landing pads are patterned on the backside of the thinned wafer so as to align with the Cu micro pillars on the front side of top die. Two different thicknesses of top dies are used to study the impact of top die thickness on overall package warpage and Si-to-substrate interconnect reliability. Assembly is performed by first bonding the front side of TSV CPI chip to a substrate, and then by bonding the front of the top dies to the back of the bottom (TSV) die. The 3D packages were subjected to a variety of package level stresses and the reliability results will be presented. The effect of top die thickness is analyzed using two die thicknesses. As the packages are stressed, it is evident that packages with thinner top die show higher package level warpage and greater Cu pillar fatigue. Various mold compounds are used to improve the package warpage and data will be presented.
TCB Process Options to Achieve the Lowest Cost
Authors: Strothmann Tom
Published: April 2016

Thermocompression bonding enables the next generation fine pitch, 2.5D and 3D assembly technologies using Cu pillar interconnects, but to achieve widespread adoption the cost of TCB must become competitive with mass reflow processes. Stacked memory products drive the commercial volume today using TSV structures and TCB since it is the only technology able to achieve the desired stacked die construction and improved performance, but reducing the cost of assembly is still a key goal for those suppliers. In non-memory applications the choice of TCB can be driven by the bump pitch of the device or the requirement to control warpage of large die on laminate during assembly, but cost is still a key factor in the decision. The cost of a TCB process is largely driven by the UPH of the process where cost calculations are based on the cost per unit of material produced. As the UPH of a TCB process approaches 1400, the differential cost of the TCB process as compared to mass reflow becomes negligible. In the choice of a potential TCB process, special attention must be given to those processes that enable the highest UPH and the lowest cost.

Processes used for TCB today can be grouped into two main categories; processes that use a pre-applied underfill and those that apply underfill after the bonding process. Underfills applied prior to bonding can be in the form of a non-conductive paste (TC-NCP) applied to a substrate or a non-conductive film applied to the wafer before dicing (TC-NCF). If underfill is applied after the bonding process, it is done as a Capillary Underfill (TC-CUF). In this case the die is underfilled in much the same way as in standard flip chip processes, but the process can be more challenging because of flux cleaning requirements and the narrower bondline of a typical TCB device. UPH is primarily driven by two factors; the range of temperature required by the bond head and the temperature ramp rate of the bond head. A process with less temperature range will have higher UPH and bond heads designed for the fastest cooling and heating rates will provide higher UPH processes. Two process options have been developed to minimize the temperature excursions required by the bond head and maximize the throughput. TC- NCF processes targeting stacked die and interposer products have been developed with throughputs approaching 2000 UPH. Substrate flux TC-CUF processes targeting assembly on laminate have been developed with throughputs that approach 2500 UPH. These two processes are expected to dominate TCB volume production moving forward as TCB enters mainstream production. This presentation will describe the methods used to achieve high throughput for both processes and the product application space appropriate for each one.
Washable Coatings for Packaging Practices
Authors: Moore John , Brewer Alex
Published: April 2016

Many packaging processes require the protection of components while another application is conducted. This may include a planarizing coat over large topography while a deposition, bonding, or curing step is completed. Washable coatings are materials that protect the substrate during thermal or mechanical activities and are simply washed away using readily available and green products, such as water or detergent. Washable products are not new, an example includes laser washable coatings that remove debris from the heat activation zone (HAZ) during scribe and break processes. In such cases, thermal resistance is of coatings is preferred as high as possible. While many products used for such applications include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), such materials are not good choices for thermal resistance as they cross-link when exposed to temperature or to metals, leaving residue that is difficult or impossible to remove. While these are water soluble, they were designed for industrial and consumer packaging applications such as laundry packets, vitamins, or other non-thermal processes. Using thermal sensitive materials as PVA and PVP for laser processes creates a narrow process window that requires special washing tools that use high-pressure nozzels or heat. Alternatively, thermal resistant washable products are available that provide protection to 300°C or more, and upon being exposed to such conditions and metal contact, will simply rinse away without the aid of mechanical tooling.[1] Planarizing coatings commonly require thermal resistance, as they can be thick (>300um) and perform in encapsulating solder bumps while a dielectric or another die is solder attached and temperatures in excess of 250°C are needed. This has been proven in the case of protecting C4 bumps while bonding micro-bumped die onto FPGA interposers.[2] Bonding and curing is conducted with water or detergent washable UV-cured adhesive coatings. Similar coatings have been proven for EMI/RFI shielding where coatings are applied to porous substrates followed by temporarily affixing die to be processed in a PVD tool. When completed, the die are removed while the coating is washed away in a cleaner.[3] The success in these and related temporary applications depend upon the use of the proper washable coating. Our experience in creating solutions for these and other industry needs will be discussed as well as the criteria for using temporary washable coatings.
Insecticidal and biological effects of three plant extracts tested against the dengue vector, Stegomyia agyptii (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Kokila R. , Nareshkumar A. , Meenambigai K. , Nataraj B. , Abdulla S. , Shanmugapriya R. , Chandhirasekar K. , Manikandan A.T.
Published: April 2016

Development of resistant in vectors especially vector mosquitoes are becoming a challenge for the scientific community for management and control mosquito population. Vector mosquitoes are likely to withstand toxicity and develop resistant mechanism to single active compound hence, combining medicinal plants with rich active compounds stops resistant development and proliferation of mosquitoes. In this study we put effort to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of Tagetes patula, Clerodentron phillomedis, and Catharanthus roseus in individual and in combination against the dengue vector, Stegomyia agyptii. Lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were calculated to find out the effect of the test plants in individual and in combination. T. patula extract showed vaguely higher mortality rate when compared to C. phillomedis, and C. roseus but there was no significant variation among the three test plants. The median LC of combined treatment showed a significant difference between the combined (2.25 µg/mL/3rd instar) and individual treatment (6.41 µg/mL/3rd instar for T. patula, 6.85 µg/mL/3rd instar for C. phillomedis and 6.59 µg/mL/3rd instar for C. roseus). The combined efficacy of three test plants was also effective in controlling vector mosquitoes at fields with different agro-climatic conditions. The study proves that the combination of T. patula, C. phillomedis, and C. roseus is effective in different field conditions at lower concentrations.
Improving vegetation phenological parameterization of a land surface model
Authors: Chen Baozhang , Che Mingliang
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The growing degree day (GDD) model and the growing season index (GSI) model are two common approaches used in various land surface models (LSMs) for simulating phenophases. The capacity of these two models for simulating phenolphases was evaluated by coupling them to a LSM (DLM: Dynamic Land Model) and validated by observation data from the 22 selected eddy covariance flux towers representing six typical plant functional types. The main findings are threefold: (i) the simulated phenophases using DLM-GSI were much closer to the observations derived from the green chromatic coordinate data than using DLM-GDD. The start of the growing season (SGS) was estimated to be earlier by DLM-GSI and later by DLM-GDD. Meanwhile, the end of growing season (EGS) was estimated to be later by DLM-GSI and earlier by DLM-GDD; (ii) compared to the GDD model, the GSI model significantly decreased the absolute bias of the phenophases simulated by DLM for all sites. The DLM-GSI model simulated biases for SGS and EGS decreased by 48.2 % and by 39 % on average, respectively; and (iii) the accuracy of modeled GPP using the DLM-GSI model is much higher than using the DLM-GDD model for all sites. The DLM-GSI model reduced the root mean square error of simulated GPP by 8.0 % and increased the corresponding index of agreement by 7.5 %.
Evaluation of Water Quality and Benthic Macrointervebrates Fauna Relationship Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA): A Case Study of Cameron Highlands Malaysia
Authors: Tan Kok Weng , Beh Weng Chee
Published: April 2016

This study applies the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to evaluate and interpret the relationship between water quality and benthic macro-invertebrates fauna data obtained from Pauh River, Cameron Highlands. Samples were collected once every two months (in February, April, June, August and October 2013) with six chosen sampling stations. Six water quality parameters namely dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total suspended solid (TSS) and heavy metals contents were analyzed according to American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater (1998). Macro-invertebrates were also sampled using Surber sampler and were identified until their family level. Water Quality Index (WQI) values for all stations were class II except for the station 6 which was recorded as class III. Both the diversity and biotic indices showed decreasing value from the upstream (Station 1) to downstream (Station 6). A total 28 to 31 taxa have been found in Station 1, 2, 3 and 5 (upstream to middle stream). However, only 7 taxa found at station 6 (downstream). Total 31 taxa with an average density 368.28 ind/m2 were found in Station 4 which was highest number of taxa among the monitoring stations. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on the dataset, which explained 72.15 % of the total variance of the variables. Three components were extracted in this study. First component was classified as benthic macroinvertebrates which tolerated to low water quality condition and high loading of organic matters. The benthic macro-invertebrates families loaded in second component were sensitive to water environment such as NH3-N, dissolved oxygen (DO), organic matter and stream flow. The benthic macroinvertebrate families loaded in third component were recognized as species which might not tolerate low concentration of dissolved oxygen.  
Lucifer Over Luxor: Archaeology, Egyptology, and Occultism in Kenneth Anger’s Magick Lantern Cycle
Authors: Doyle White Ethan
Published: April 2016

One of the great figureheads of American experimental cinema, Kenneth Anger (b.1927), is internationally renowned for his pioneering work, recognisable for its blend of homoerotica, popular and classical music, and dark, symbolist imagery. A follower of Thelema, the religion of infamous British occultist Aleister Crowley (1875–1947), Anger’s work is imbued with occult themes and undercurrents rarely comprehensible to the non-initiated viewer. In exploring these esoteric ideas, Anger makes use of archaeology and heritage in his short films Eaux d’Artifice (1953) and Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome (1954–66), as well as in the lost films The Love That Whirls (1949) and Thelema Abbey (1955), which utilize such disparate elements as Aztec human sacrifice and putative Renaissance Satanism. However, this theme only reaches its apex in Lucifer Rising (1980), an exploration of Thelemic theology filmed at such sites as Avebury, Luxor, and Karnak, which reflects and propagates the Thelemic view of the past—an ‘alternative archaeology’ rooted in Crowley’s own fascination with Egyptomania. This paper seeks to explore Anger’s use of the past and place it in its proper context of twentieth-century Western esotericism.
O fluxo e o refluxo das culturas nas duas margens do Atlântico
Authors: Angelo Fabrício Vinhas Manini
Published: April 2016

Resenha do Livro:HALL, Gwendolyn Midlo. Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the links. Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
Vozes que ecoam do Morro Milenar: um estudo sobre os discursos difundidos no anuário Colunas do Instituto Porto Alegre (1937-1954)
Authors: Lima Valeska Alessandra de , Almeida Dóris Bittencourt
Published: April 2016

Este trabalho é produto da pesquisa Escritos de alunos: memórias de culturas juvenis (1940-1960), que toma como objeto de investigação os periódicos produzidos por alunos de diferentes instituições escolares de Porto Alegre/RS. O estudo vincula-se aos pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural e inscreve-se no campo da História da Educação em suas interfaces com a Imprensa Escolar e a História das Instituições Educacionais. O foco da análise foi perceber as marcas deixadas pelos jovens no periódico Colunas, anuário produzido pelo Instituto Porto Alegre/IPA, procurando distinguir indícios de saberes e práticas escolares que evidenciam as identidades daqueles sujeitos. A estratégia metodológica utilizada foi o exame da materialidade e dos discursos difundidos em textos e imagens ao longo de doze edições. Percebe-se que, embora o IPA estimulasse um certo protagonismo estudantil na edição do Colunas, mimetizavam o formato estético e discursivo dos yearbook’s norte-americanos. O caráter institucional do periódico não impediu que as vozes dos alunos ecoassem nas páginas do anuário. Em meio à profusão de fotografias e notícias do colégio, eles se fazem notar, especialmente nos textos biográficos dos colegas, nas montagens fotográficas e nas charges. Essas são marcas dos discentes, talvez pouco perceptíveis em um primeiro olhar, mas que se revelam na observação atenta desta fonte importante para a História da Educação.
O código dos indígenas: a inscrição da nativa e a razão etnológica em Moçambique
Authors: Pinho Osmundo
Published: April 2016

Nesse artigo, o autor discute o processo de elaboração do Código Penal e Civil dos Indígenas de Moçambique, a partir de determinados registros, fragmentos de uma documentação, encontrados no Fundo “Direção de Serviços de Negócios Indígenas”, do Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique (AHM). Por meio dessa discussão busca enfatizar o processo de efetiva inscrição da nativa, como o descreve G. Spivak, sob o marco da “legibi- lidade”, como discute de outra parte Veena Das. Ou, em outras palavras, o processo de extensão do Estado para suas margens ou a “estatização” da sociedade, por meio da produção da mulher “nativa” ou “indígena”.
As resistências africanas diante das medidas preventivas coloniais contra a doença do sono na Zâmbia (1890-1920)
Authors: Silva Jefferson Olivatto da
Published: April 2016

A dinâmica colonial pode ser entendida como reflexo de processos imperiais e reações populacionais oriundas de práticas culturais anteriores. Para além de um olhar de vitimização o qual as populações africanas foram reduzidas, houve resistências que não foram apreendidas pelas autoridades estrangeiras e por isso se desdobraram no cenário colonial. Para colaborar com a investigação da dinâmica colonial fizemos uso da interface entre Antropologia da Saúde e História da Medicina em África acerca da ênfase dada a descoberta e controle da doença do sono (tripanossomíase humana africana), no norte e oeste da Zâmbia, de 1900 a 1920. Com efeito, chegamos à composição de um esquema interpretativo baseado em três dimensões: ecológica, medicina tropical e operacionalizações africanas, definindo as ações africanas enquanto atitudes elusivas: ações políticas específicas desdobrando resistências às imposições das políticas coloniais.
ECONOMIA E POLÍTICA DOS DIREITOS CULTURAIS NA ORDEM INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Amato Lucas Fucci
Published: April 2016

O artigo discute as restrições impostas pela economia e pela política ao desenho normativo dos direitos culturais na ordem jurídica internacional. O eixo da análise é a Convenção da UNESCO sobre Proteção e Promoção da Diversidade das Expressões Culturais (2005), mas também se destacam as condições problemáticas de inserção dos direitos culturais nos sistemas universais e regionais de direitos humanos. Finalmente, foca-se o status dos direitos culturais em relação à propriedade intelectual e ao regime da OMC. O trabalho segue uma linha de análise da teoria dos sistemas para pensar as relações entre direito, política e economia.
NORMA CONSTITUCIONAL INCONSTITUCIONAL? O CURIOSO CASO DO ART. 5º, XXXI E DO ART. 227, § 6º, DA CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE 1988
Authors: Weberbauer Paul Hugo , Ramos Liane De Medeiros Santiago
Published: April 2016

O artigo é uma tentativa de analisar a curiosa relação entre o princípio constitucional da lei mais favorável adotado em matéria de sucessão de bens de estrangeiros situados no Brasil (CF, art. 5º, XXXI) e o princípio da igualdade absoluta entre os filhos (art. 227, § 6º), como um caso de norma constitucional inconstitucional na Constituição Federal de 1988. Procura-se compreender o surgimento da temática da inconstitucionalidade das normas constitucionais, em especial a teoria de Otto Bachof e a posição no Brasil do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) na Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADIn) nº. 815-3 DF. Analisam-se ainda a incorporação do princípio da lei mais favorável em matéria de sucessão como um direito fundamental e a inovação trazida pelo texto constitucional de 1988 na positivação do princípio da igualdade absoluta entre os filhos para, ao final, tentar estabelecer os elementos que tornam essa situação curiosa um caso de norma constitucional inconstitucional no Brasil.
Nobody’s as Powerful as We Make Them Out to Be: A Psychopolitical Reading of The Third Life of Grange Copeland
Authors: Sistani Shahram R.
Published: April 2016

Alice Walker’s most prestigious novel The Third Life of Grange Copeland captures the critical aspects of colonial period. It depicts deconstruction of identity and interrogates the economic, political, and cultural basis of colonial period. The aim of this study is to use psychoanalytic concepts and ideas of Frantz Fanon to scrutinize the workings of power. How Walker investigates the pernicious workings of power, oppression, and class? To illustrate this, the paper relies upon Fanonian understanding of colonial racism. Fanon’s investigation of the psychic life of the colonial power is a helpful vehicle for unraveling varied ways that characters use to form subjectivity and individuation. How does the society form Grange’s struggle for individuation? The identity of Grange is under scrutiny in the light of key concepts of psychoanalytic criticism. He captures the strategies of resistance, negotiation, and return to the south to reach the individuation. The dialectic of the society and the citizens are an integral part of this study to see how Grange’s consciousness is shaped within a racist structure of power. Arguably, confronting with a racist ideology can drives the slaves to madness by persistent inculcation of considering black psyche as inferior.
Evaluation of the Correlation between Echocardiographic Findings and Serum Ferritin in Thalassemia Major Patients
Authors: Khalilian Mohammad Reza , Moghaddar Roozbeh , Emami-Moghadam Abdolrahman , Keikhaei Bijan , Amin-Asnafi Ali , Bahadoram Mohammad
Published: April 2016

INTRODUCTION: Thalassemia is a disorder that affects beta globin gene production and the resultant need for erythrocyte transfusions puts the patient at risk for iron loading, especially cardiac iron loading. Cardiac complications are the most serious ones accompanied by morbidity and mortality. The most harm to the heart is caused by iron overload. Ferritin is generally associated with the amount of stored iron in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between echocardiographic findings and serum ferritin level.

MATERIALS & METHODS: 107 patients with thalassemia major were enrolled in this prospective analytical study. Serum ferritin levels and echocardiographic findings (diastolic, systolic, pulmonary artery pressure, valvular dysfunctions) were assessed. The data were analyzed by spearman statistical test.

RESULTS: Serum ferritin levels of the thalassemia major patients in the study were 2419.13±1772.65 ng/ml. there wasn’t any significant relationship between echocardiographic findings and serum ferritin level.

CONCLUSION: Although our findings didn’t support the association between ferritin level and echocardiographic data but we suggest serial cardiac assessment to prevent the effect of increasing iron on the heart.