bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental basis of mammalian digit reduction: a case study in pigs
Authors: Sears Karen E. , Bormet Allison K. , Rockwell Alexander , Powers Lisa E. , Noelle Cooper Lisa , Wheeler Matthew B.
Published: November 2011

Digit reduction has occurred in parallel in many mammalian lineages. However, despite this pattern's prevalence, the developmental mechanisms underlying mammalian digit reduction remain controversial. We therefore undertook a study of digit development in the pig (Sus scrofa), a mammal with reduced first, second, and fifth digits. Our results indicate that from its earliest formation, the pig limb bud is significantly narrower than that of the model pentadactyl mammal, mouse. Furthermore, the cartilage condensations of the pig's reduced digits are noticeably smaller than those of their nonreduced counterparts from the time of their formation. In addition, growth rates of pig digits are comparable, as are the patterns of cell death in developing pig and mouse limbs. Taken together, results suggest that pig's first, second, and fifth digits are primarily reduced through evolutionary modifications in the early developmental patterning of their limbs. Results of this study, coupled with those from study of limb development in other mammals, suggest that although major developmental reorganizations (e.g., complete digit or limb loss) during early limb development may be selected against, it may be common for more subtle evolutionary modifications in limb development (e.g., changes in relative digit size) to occur at this time.
HomeoDB2: functional expansion of a comparative homeobox gene database for evolutionary developmental biology
Authors: Zhong Ying‐fu , Holland Peter W. H.
Published: November 2011

Homeobox gene database (HomeoDB), a manually curated database of homeobox genes and their classification, has been well received since its release in 2008. Here, we report HomeoDB2, an expansion and improvement of the original database that provides greater functionality for the user. HomeoDB2 includes all homeobox loci from 10 animal genomes (human, mouse, chicken, frog, zebrafish, amphioxus, nematode, fruitfly, beetle, honeybee) plus tools for downloading sequences, comparing between species and BLAST searching. HomeoDB2 provides a resource for studying the dynamics of homeobox gene evolution, and is freely accessible at http://homeodb.zoo.ox.ac.uk
Dunbar's Number: Group Size and Brain Physiology in Humans Reexamined
Authors: de Ruiter Jan , Weston Gavin , Lyon Stephen M.
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT  Popular academic ideas linking physiological adaptations to social behaviors are spreading disconcertingly into wider societal contexts. In this article, we note our skepticism with one particularly popular—in our view, problematic—supposed causal correlation between neocortex size and social group size. The resulting Dunbar's Number, as it has come to be called, has been statistically tested against observed group size in different primate species. Although there may be reason to doubt the Dunbar's Number hypothesis among nonhuman primate species, we restrict ourselves here to the application of such an explanatory hypothesis to human, culture‐manipulating populations. Human information process management, we argue, cannot be understood as a simple product of brain physiology. Cross‐cultural comparison of not only group size but also relationship‐reckoning systems like kinship terminologies suggests that although neocortices are undoubtedly crucial to human behavior, they cannot be given such primacy in explaining complex group composition, formation, or management.
Forced Disappearance in an Era of Globalization: Biopolitics, Shadow Networks, and Imagined Worlds
Authors: Rozema Ralph
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT  In this article, I argue that the practice of forced disappearance of persons on the part of paramilitary groups has become linked to specific processes of globalization. Global flows related to biopolitics, global crime networks, and dehumanizing imaginations reproduced by mass media together constitute a driving force behind forced disappearances. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the Colombian city of Medellín, I analyze how these global flows interact with local armed actors, helping create a climate conducive to forced disappearance. These mechanisms in Colombia show similarities to those in some African and Asian countries. Gaining insight into the mechanisms behind forced disappearance may help prevent it from occurring in the future. Enhancing social inclusion of residents, unraveling the transnational crime networks in which perpetrators are involved, and disseminating rehumanizing images of victims all contribute to curbing the practice of forced disappearance.
Gift and Value in Jerusalem's Third Sector
Authors: Weiss Hadas
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT  Contemporary social activism lends itself to critique from the standpoint of Maussian gift giving, wherein generosity and interests coconstitute a sociality that is at once politically significant, morally resonant, and economically viable. Among Jerusalem's vibrant third sector, the vision that Marcel Mauss delineates emerges out of the same practices and policies that restrict its manifestation. In this article, I try to explain how and why this happens. I mobilize value—a form of indirect domination that Karl Marx attributes to capitalist society—to account for failures in the implementation of gifting values. Building on an ethnography of third‐sector activism, I discuss some premises and potentialities in the anthropology of gift and value and argue for the primacy of Marxian value over Maussian gifting.
Ethnographic Empathy and the Social Context of Rights: “Rescuing” Maasai Girls from Early Marriage
Authors: Archambault Caroline S.
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT  Esther is one of many young Maasai girls in Kenya “rescued” from early marriage. Her story is conventionally portrayed (trans)nationally and locally as a struggle between conservative pastoral patriarchs and the individual right of young girls to an education. I offer an ethnographic contextualization of the underlying factors giving rise to practices of early marriage, among the Maasai in Enkop, highlighting the contemporary predicaments of pastoralism in the face of population growth, climactic instability, and land‐tenure reform and the insecurities and challenges around formal education. Through the intimate portrayal of Esther's case, early marriage is situated not as a relic of tradition and malicious patriarchy but, rather, as a contemporary adaptation to livelihood insecurity. I illustrate how prevailing concepts of “tradition,”“culture,”“victimhood,” and “collective rights” in human rights theory obscure important structural factors that give rise to early marriage and deflect attention from effective policy initiatives.
Public Anthropology “at the Fair”: 1893 Origins, 21st‐Century Opportunities
Authors: Johnson Carolyn Schiller
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT  What have been the connections between anthropology and public fairs and festivals in the United States? Anthropologists have been involved in public fairs and festivals in the United States for over 100 years. Back in 1893, members of the new discipline of anthropology played a major role in the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition, both in the huge Anthropology Building and on the sprawling Midway Plaisance. Today, the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in Washington, D.C., is in many ways a modern laboratory for research and experience in public anthropology, ethnomusicology, and folklore. In this essay, I examine the profound changes in the control of voices and discourse surrounding the activities at these types of fairs and festivals. I challenge anthropologists to observe and participate in this expanding discursive field and ask how sites like YouTube can aid in the process and enable critical future developments in pubic anthropology.
Completed suicide, ideation and attempt in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Impey M. , Heun R.
Published: November 2011

Impey M, Heun R. Completed suicide, ideation and attempt in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objective:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and suicidal behaviour are common conditions with significant social and emotional morbidity. Although completed suicide in ADHD has been assessed in a previous meta‐analysis, other domains of suicidal behaviour such as attempts and ideation have been documented only in individual studies. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the relationship between attention‐deficit and suicidality.

Method:  Electronic and manual literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO, using a range of search terms around suicidality, attention‐deficit and hyperactivity.

Results:  Twenty five papers were identified describing a relationship between ADHD and suicide. ADHD occurred more frequently in suicidal groups than controls, with most differences being statistically significant. The direction of results was consistent, with only one sample showing equivocal findings and one showing a reverse pattern. Attempts and ideation were more common in prediagnosed ADHD samples than controls. Three studies showed significant results only for men. Comorbidity had a large influence including delinquency and substance misuse.

Conclusion:  There is a positive relationship between ADHD and risk to self. More focussed research needs to take place on younger populations and those without comorbidity. This review highlights the importance of thorough risk assessment in the attention‐deficit population.
Congenital malalignment of the big toe nail
Authors: Wagner Gunnar , Sachse Michael Max
Published: November 2011

Congenital malalignment of the big toe nail is based on a lateral deviation of the nail plate. This longitudinal axis shift is due to a deviation of the nail matrix, possibly caused by increased traction of the hypertrophic extensor tendon of the hallux. Congenital malalignment of the big toe nail is typically present at birth. Ingrown toenails and onychogryphosis are among the most common complications. Depending on the degree of deviation, conservative or surgical treatment may be recommended.
Financial Hurricanes
Authors: Liechty John C. , Foster Richard
Published: November 2011

Greece, Portugal, Ireland stagger under debt. The euro may not survive. Standard & Poor's downgraded the credit rating of the USA from AAA for the first time in history. The extreme financial storm of 2008 which led to this crisis was completely unpredicted. A few decades ago, extreme weather storms were also unpredicted, and unpredictable. Administrations acted to forestall future surprises. John C. Liechty and Richard Foster call for similar action in finance. We need better data, better models, better science.
Tables as Graphs: The Ramanujan Principle
Authors: Gelman Andrew
Published: November 2011

Andrew Gelman says that there is more visual information in a table than you might realise, so it is worth presenting them well.
Moneyball: Brad Pitt, the Statistician and the Movie
Authors: Stefani Ray , Albert Jim
Published: November 2011

A major Hollywood release has an unlikely hero. In Moneyball, Brad Pitt, Hollywood heart-throb and twice voted sexiest man alive, plays not a glamorous spy, nor a hard-bitten detective but … a statistician. Ray Stefani and Jim Albert say the movie hits a home run …
A Million Monkeys and Shakespeare
Authors: Anderson Jesse
Published: November 2011

It is the ultimate improbability. If a million monkeys sat at a million typewriters, they would eventually reproduce all the works of Shakespeare. Now they have done it. Or have they? On 6th October this year the BBC, CNN and world media reported that the last of the monkeys finished the job. Jesse Anderson was the monkey-trainer. While Shakespeare gibbers, he explains what he – and the monkeys – have and have not done.
Communicability of H1N1 and seasonal influenza among household contacts of cases in large families
Authors: Mohamed Ashry G. , BinSaeed Abdulaziz A. , Al‐Habib Hannan , Al‐Saif Hytham
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as:Mohamedet al.(2011) Communicability of H1N1 and seasonal influenza among household contacts of cases in large families. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), e25–e29.

Background Quantitative knowledge of the transmissibility of influenza is crucial to its prevention and control.

Objectives To quantify the transmission of influenza A (H1N1) and seasonal influenza in household contacts of patients with influenza diagnosed in a large university hospital.

Patients/Methods A prospective study was conducted between September and October 2009 in which all confirmed cases of influenza diagnosed at King Khalid University Hospital were included. All household contacts were followed by telephone calls every other day for 12 days. They were asked about the development of influenza symptoms in addition to their age and nationality.

Results Overall, 432 household contacts of 69 influenza A (H1N1) cases and 417 contacts of 91 seasonal influenza cases were included. Suspected influenza was diagnosed in 16·9% and 14·4% of household contacts of H1N1 and seasonal influenza patients, respectively. Household reproduction numbers were 1·06 (0·84–1·28) for H1N1 and 0·66 (0·51–0·81) for seasonal influenza. Children in households were more susceptible than were adults (22·2% versus 13·7%, respectively). Evidence of coughing in the index case tripled the risk of infection in households afflicted with the H1N1 influenza [relative risk (RR) = 3·28, CI = 1·24–8·69], while evidence of a runny nose doubled it (RR = 1·89, CI = 1·19–2·92).

Conclusions Communicability of influenza in households in Riyadh is comparable to that in other countries. Children are more susceptible to influenza infection. The presence of a cough or runny nose in the index cases increases the risk of infection.
Clinical and virologic outcomes in patients with oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) infections: results from a clinical trial
Authors: Dharan Nila J. , Fry Alicia M. , Kieke Burney A. , Coleman Laura , Meece Jennifer , Vandermause Mary , Gubareva Larisa V. , Klimov Alexander I. , Belongia Edward A.
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as: Dharan et al. (2011) Clinical and virologic outcomes in patients with oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) infections: results from a clinical trial. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), 153–158.

Nineteen patients with oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) infections were randomized to receive oseltamivir or placebo. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained, and clinical and virologic outcomes were compared, stratified by early or late treatment. Neuraminidase inhibition assay and pyrosequencing for H275Y confirmed resistance. Twelve (63%) patients received oseltamivir; 8 (67%) received late treatment. Seven (37%) patients received placebo; 6 (86%) presented >48 hours after onset. Time to 50% decrease in symptom severity, complete symptom resolution, and first negative culture were shortest among the early treatment group. While sample size prohibits a strong conclusion, future studies should evaluate for similar trends.
HKC: An Algorithm to Predict Protein Complexes in Protein‐Protein Interaction Networks
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Wang Zhengzhi , Ye Jun
Published: November 2011

With the availability of more and more genome‐scale protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks, research interests gradually shift to Systematic Analysis on these large data sets. A key topic is to predict protein complexes in PPI networks by identifying clusters that are densely connected within themselves but sparsely connected with the rest of the network. In this paper, we present a new topology‐based algorithm, HKC, to detect protein complexes in genome‐scale PPI networks. HKC mainly uses the concepts of highest k‐core and cohesion to predict protein complexes by identifying overlapping clusters. The experiments on two data sets and two benchmarks show that our algorithm has relatively high F‐measure and exhibits better performance compared with some other methods.
Electrochemical Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Venkatesan K. A. , Jagadeeswara Rao Ch. , Nagarajan K. , Vasudeva Rao P. R.
Published: November 2011

In the recent past, room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are being explored for possible applications in nuclear fuel cycle. RTILs are being studied as an alternative to the diluent, n-dodecane (n-DD), in aqueous reprocessing and as possible substitute to high-temperature molten salts in nonaqueous reprocessing applications. This paper deals with the current status of the electrochemical research aimed at the recovery of actinides and fission products using room-temperature ionic liquid as medium. The dissolution of actinide and lanthanide oxides in ionic liquid media and the electrochemical behavior of the resultant solutions are discussed in this paper.
Deadly Love
Authors: Collins Victoria E. , Carmody Dianne C.
Published: November 2011

It has been well established that adolescents face a high risk of dating violence in the United States. One explanation links these behaviors to attitudes and behaviors that are reflected in the media, such as books, movies, and video games that target a teenage audience. In the study presented here, a content analysis of the popular four-book Twilight series provided evidence of behaviors and attitudes that are conducive to dating violence. Cases of physical and sexual abuse, stalking, threats, and intimidation were identified in the text. Given that this book series has been praised for its “wholesome” presentation of teenage romance, these are troubling findings. Implications include the use of the Twilight series in social work, education, and violence prevention efforts.
Iranian Corporations and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Chapardar Hadi , Khanlari Raveed
Published: November 2011

Comparative studies have demonstrated that the themes for corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are different among nations and geographic regions based on their cultural, political, legal, social, and economic contexts. In this research, which was conducted on 56 corporations from IMI100 (100 Iranian companies with highest annual sales, ranked by Industrial Management Institute or IMI), CSR themes in priority have been identified. Data collected from a semistructured questionnaire and some complementary interviews were analyzed against the results of a reference study over 100 companies from developed countries. The resulted themes, some of which may have several subthemes, were developed in three economic, environmental, and social categories. Beside these qualitative findings, two indices are constructed for indicating the “importance” of and “contribution” to each theme. The results and discussions are supposed to help business leaders, international companies inside Iran, governmental authorities, and researchers to improve CSR discussions and practices in the country where CSR undergoes a less structured platform.
Human native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation is associated with repression of inflammatory genes in THP-1 macrophages
Authors: Rangel-Salazar Rubén , Wickström-Lindholm Marie , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Alvarado-Caudillo Yolanda , Døssing Kristina BV , Esteller Manel , Labourier Emmanuel , Lund Gertrud , Nielsen Finn C , Rodríguez-Ríos Dalia , Solís-Martínez Martha O , Wrobel Katarzyna , Wrobel Kazimierz , Zaina Silvio
Published: November 2011

Background

We previously showed that a VLDL- and LDL-rich mix of human native lipoproteins induces a set of repressive epigenetic marks,i.e. de novoDNA methylation, histone 4 hypoacetylation and histone 4 lysine 20 (H4K20) hypermethylation in THP-1 macrophages. Here, we: 1) ask what gene expression changes accompany these epigenetic responses; 2) test the involvement of candidate factors mediating the latter. We exploited genome expression arrays to identify target genes for lipoprotein-induced silencing, in addition to RNAi and expression studies to test the involvement of candidate mediating factors. The study was conducted in human THP-1 macrophages.

Results

Native lipoprotein-inducedde novoDNA methylation was associated with a general repression of various critical genes for macrophage function, including pro-inflammatory genes. Lipoproteins showed differential effects on epigenetic marks, asde novoDNA methylation was induced by VLDL and to a lesser extent by LDL, but not by HDL, and VLDL induced H4K20 hypermethylation, while HDL caused H4 deacetylation. The analysis of candidate factors mediating VLDL-induced DNA hypermethylation revealed that this response was: 1) surprisingly, mediated exclusively by the canonical maintenance DNA methyltransferase DNMT1, and 2) independent of the Dicer/micro-RNA pathway.

Conclusions

Our work provides novel insights into epigenetic gene regulation by native lipoproteins. Furthermore, we provide an example of DNMT1 acting as ade novoDNA methyltransferase independently of canonicalde novoenzymes, and show proof of principle thatde novoDNA methylation can occur independently of a functional Dicer/micro-RNA pathway in mammals.
β2-adrenoceptor blockage induces G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via Ras/Akt/NFκB pathway
Authors: Zhang Dong , Ma Qingyong , Wang Zheng , Zhang Min , Guo Kun , Wang Fengfei , Wu Erxi
Published: November 2011

Background

Smoking and stress, pancreatic cancer (PanCa) risk factors, stimulate nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and catecholamines production respectively. NNK and catecholamine bind the β-adrenoceptors and induce PanCa cell proliferation; and we have previously suggested that β-adrenergic antagonists may suppress proliferation and invasion and stimulate apoptosis in PanCa. To clarify the mechanism of apoptosis induced by β2-adrenergic antagonist, we hypothesize that blockage of the β2-adrenoceptor could induce G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis and Ras may be a key player in PanCa cells.

Results

The β1 and β2-adrenoceptor proteins were detected on the cell surface of PanCa cells from pancreatic carcinoma specimen samples by immunohistochemistry. The β2-adrenergic antagonist ICI118,551 significantly induced G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis compared with the β1-adrenergic antagonist metoprolol, which was determined by the flow cytometry assay. β2-adrenergic antagonist therapy significantly suppressed the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and cyclin E and induced the activation of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax by Western blotting. Additionally, the β2-adrenergic antagonist reduced the activation of NFκB in vitro cultured PanCa cells.

Conclusions

The blockage of β2-adrenoceptor markedly induced PanCa cells to arrest at G1/S phase and consequently resulted in cell death, which is possibly due to that the blockage of β2-adrenoceptor inhibited NFκB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Akt pathways. Therefore, their upstream molecule Ras may be a key factor in the β2-adrenoceptor antagonist induced G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis in PanCa cells. The new pathway discovered in this study may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for PanCa.
Mesiodistal width of canines: a tool for sex determination
Authors: Bakkannavar Shankar M , Monteiro Francis N P , Arun M , Pradeep Kumar G
Published: November 2011

Teeth, in the living as well as the dead, are the most useful objects in the field of forensic investigation. Their ability to survive in situations like mass disasters makes them important tools in victim identification. Though the morphology and structure is similar in both men and women, there are subtle differences. Variation in dental size can give a clue about differences between the sexes. Many authors have measured the crowns of teeth in both men and women and found certain variations. Canines, reported to survive air crash and hurricane disasters, are perhaps the most stable teeth in the oral cavity because of the labiolingual thickness of the crown and the root anchorage in the alveolar process of the jaws. Measurement of mesiodistal width of the mandibular and maxillary canines provides good evidence of sex identification due to dimorphism.
Homicide by direct snake bite: a case of contract killing
Authors: Ambade Vipul Namdeorao , Borkar Jaydeo Laxman , Meshram Satin Kalidas
Published: November 2011

It has been estimated that five million snake bite cases occur worldwide every year, causing about 100,000 deaths. Snake bite is exclusively accidental in nature. Suicide by snake bite is very rare and homicidal snake bite is not reported. In the present case, a contract killer was hired, who used a poisonous snake to kill an elderly couple by way of direct snake bite. We believe this to be the first case reported where a snake was directly used for the murder of two victims through a contract killer.
Incidents in an adolescent forensic secure inpatient service
Authors: Hill Simon A , White Oliver , Lolley Joanne , Sidki-Gomez Alia , Williams Helen
Published: November 2011

There has been increased research in recent years on incidents within adolescent inpatient psychiatric units, although findings to date have been somewhat inconsistent. We analysed all reported incidents by 37 consecutively discharged patients from a mixed sex adolescent forensic hospital. Findings include a very high overall rate of incidents. A small number of female patients with emerging emotionally unstable personality disorder accounted for the majority of violent incidents and other incidents. Almost all the patients assaulted someone during their admission. Patients on civil sections of the Mental Health Act had just as many incidents as patients on forensic sections. The vast majority of assaults were on staff. Peak times for incidents were the end of each day when education sessions were timetabled and the beginning of the night shift.
Interrupções e distrações na sala de cirurgia do trauma: entendendo a ameaça do erro humano
Authors: Pereira Bruno Monteiro Tavares , Pereira Alexandre Monteiro Tavares , Correia Clarissa dos Santos , Marttos Jr Antonio Carlos , Fiorelli Rossano Kepler Alvim , Fraga Gustavo Pereira
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: Compreender o fator humano como ameaça à segurança do paciente vítima de trauma no centro cirúrgico, traduzindo para a sala de operação algumas regras importantes já aplicadas no campo da aviação. MÉTODOS: A amostra incluiu 50 casos de cirurgia de trauma coletados prospectivamente por observadores em plantões de 12 horas, ,durante seis meses, em um centro de trauma nível I nos Estados Unidos da América. Informações quanto ao tipo de trauma, escore de gravidade e mortalidade foram coletadas, assim como, determinantes de distrações/interrupções e o volume de ruídos na sala de cirurgia durante o ato cirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram, em média, 60 interrupções ou distrações durante o ato cirúrgico, na maioria das vezes desencadeado pelo movimento de pessoas na sala. Em pacientes mais graves (ISS > 45), submetidos ao controle de danos, a incidência de distrações foi ainda maior. A média de ruídos na sala de cirurgia do trauma foi muito elevada, com barulho próximo ao de um secador de cabelos. CONCLUSÃO: Interrupções e distrações são frequentes e devem ser estudadas pelo cirurgião do trauma a fim de desenvolver estratégias de prevenção e linhas de defesa para minimizá-las e reduzir seus efeitos.
Fratura de pelve: um marcador de gravidade em trauma
Authors: Cordts Filho Roberto de Moraes , Parreira José Gustavo , Perlingeiro Jaqueline A. Giannini , Soldá Silvia C. , Campos Tércio de , Assef José Cesar
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: avaliar se a presença de fratura de pelve é associada à maior gravidade e pior prognóstico em vítimas de trauma fechado. MÉTODOS: análise retrospectiva dos protocolos e prontuários das vítimas de trauma fechado admitidas de 10/06/2008 a 10/03/2009, separadas em dois grupos: com fratura de pelve (Grupo I) e os demais (Grupo II). Foram avaliados dados do pré-hospitalar e admissão, índices de trauma, exames complementares, lesões diagnosticadas, tratamento e evolução. Utilizamos os testes t de Student, Fisher e qui-quadrado na análise estatística, considerando p<0,05 como significativo. RESULTADOS: No período de estudo, 2019 politraumatizados tiveram protocolos preenchidos, sendo que 43 (2,1%) apresentaram fratura de pelve. Os doentes do grupo I apresentaram, significativamente, menor média de pressão arterial sistêmica à admissão, maior média de frequência cardíaca à admissão, menor média da escala de coma de Glasgow, maior média nos AIS em segmentos cefálico, torácico, abdominal e extremidades, bem como, maior média do ISS e menor média de RTS e TRISS. O grupo I apresentou, com maior frequência, hemorragia subaracnoidea traumática (7% vs. 1,6%), trauma raquimedular (9% vs. 1%), lesões torácicas e abdominais, bem como necessidade de laparotomias (21% vs. 1%), drenagem de tórax (32% vs. 2%) e controle de danos (9% vs. 0%). As complicações foram mais frequentes no grupo I: SARA (9% vs. 0%), choque persistente (30% vs. 1%), coagulopatia (23% vs. 1%), insuficiência renal aguda (21% vs. 0%) e óbito (28% vs. 2%). CONCLUSÃO: a presença de fratura de pelve é um marcador de maior gravidade e pior prognóstico em vítimas de trauma fechado.
Resultados clínicos e satisfação dos pacientes após blefaroplastia inferior
Authors: Viana Giovanni André Pires , Osaki Midori Hentona , Nishi Mauro
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados de cinquenta pacientes submetidos à blefaroplastia inferior transcutânea. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado e controlado realizado entre abril de 2005 e maio de 2007. Os pacientes foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Grupo Cirúrgico 1 composto por 25 pacientes submetidos à blefaroplastia inferior tradicional e cantopexia lateral de rotina e Grupo Cirúrgico 2 composto por 25 pacientes submetidos à blefaroplastia inferior com transposição das bolsas adiposas e cantopexia lateral de rotina. Para avaliar os resultados obtidos foi utilizada a avaliação da autoestima dos pacientes, através da Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg UNIFESP/ EPM. O outro método utilizado foi solicitar a participação de três cirurgiões independentes que avaliaram as fotografias de pré e pós-operatórios e com o auxílio de uma escala topográfica, quantificaram os resultados. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 48,8 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (96%). A análise das fotografias mostrou que 96% dos pacientes apresentaram melhora significativa. A autoestima melhorou de um escore médio no pré-operatório de 5,1 (desvio padrão = 4,1) para um valor médio de 3,6 (desvio padrão = 3,5) seis meses após a operação (p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os autores concluíram que ambos os procedimentos seriam seguros e eficazes, com baixo indíce de complicação, apresentando melhora da autoestima, avaliada seis meses após a operação.
Avaliação de sintomas depressivos em pessoas com diabetes mellitus e pé ulcerado
Authors: Salomé Geraldo Magela , Blanes Leila , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a intensidade de sintomas de depressão nos pacientes diabéticos com úlceras no pé. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, analítico e transversal, realizado no ambulatório de feridas de um hospital público, de Sorocaba/SP. Participaram 50 pacientes com diabetes mellitus e pé ulcerado. Para mensurar a intensidade dos sintomas de depressão foi utilizado o inventário de Avaliação de Depressão de Beck. RESULTADOS: Dos 50 pacientes avaliados, 41 apresentavam algum grau de sintoma depressivo, sendo que 32 (64%) com depressão moderada, apresentando sintomas de autodepreciação, tristeza, distorção da imagem corporal e diminuição da libido. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes diabéticos com pé ulcerado apresentaram graus variados de sintomas depressivos.
Um estudo sobre a validade de construto da Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC) em uma amostra populacional urbana do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Bonfim Camila Barreto , Santos Darci Neves , Menezes Igor Gomes , Reichenheim Michael Eduardo , Barreto Mauricio Lima
Published: November 2011

A Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC) tem sido um dos instrumentos mais utilizados internacionalmente para investigação da violência doméstica contra a criança, porém o uso segmentado de suas escalas tem se mostrado inadequado devido à complexidade do fenômeno. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar a estrutura fatorial das escalas da CTSPC em uma amostra populacional urbana do Nordeste brasileiro, sendo conduzido um estudo transversal com 1.370 crianças de uma coorte em Salvador, Bahia. Realizou-se análise fatorial com rotação oblíqua promax e calculou-se o coeficiente Kuder-Richardson. A análise fatorial revelou uma distribuição dos itens nos fatores de forma diferente da proposta do instrumento original. Verificou-se um perfil gradativo de violência em cada fator. Os valores obtidos para o Kuder-Richardson foram 0,63 para o Fator 1, 0,59 para o Fator 2 e 0,42 para o Fator 3. Os itens comportaram-se de forma diferente da proposta original do instrumento, corroborando estudos internacionais. Baseando-se nessas evidências, é possível propor um redimensionamento da CTSPC.
Influência regional no consumo precoce de alimentos diferentes do leite materno em menores de seis meses residentes nas capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal
Authors: Saldiva Silvia Regina Dias Medici , Venancio Sonia Isoyama , Gouveia Ana Gabriela Cepeda , Castro Ana Lucia da Silva , Escuder Maria Mercedes Loureiro , Giugliani Elsa Regina Justo
Published: November 2011

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência regional no consumo precoce de alimentos diferentes do leite materno em menores de seis meses residentes nas capitais brasileiras. Analisaram-se dados de 18.929 crianças da II Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras - 2008. As frequências do consumo de chá, sucos, leite artificial e mingau/papa foram calculadas para as capitais das cinco regiões brasileiras. Curvas do consumo foram obtidas pela análise de logitos e estimativas das razões de prevalência (RP) por modelos de Poisson. O consumo de leite artificial foi maior quando comparado aos demais alimentos em todas as capitais. As capitais do Sul apresentaram a maior razão de prevalência para o consumo de chá (RP = 2,37) e as do Nordeste e Sudeste, para o consumo de outros tipos de leite (RP = 1,50 e 1,47) e de suco (RP = 1,57 e 1,55). Nas capitais do Nordeste, o consumo precoce de mingau/papa foi maior (RP = 3,0). A região tem influência no consumo precoce de alimentos, o que deve ser levado em consideração na elaboração de políticas públicas.
Perfil de consumo de outros produtos de tabaco fumado entre estudantes de três cidades brasileiras: há motivo de preocupação?
Authors: Szklo André Salem , Sampaio Mariana Miranda Autran , Fernandes Elaine Masson , Almeida Liz Maria de
Published: November 2011

O consumo de outros produtos de tabaco fumado vem crescendo no mundo pelo fato de serem socialmente aceitos e pela crença generalizada de causarem menos dano à saúde do fumante, ajudados também pela globalização das indústrias do tabaco. Recentemente, no Brasil, os profissionais envolvidos com o controle do tabaco atentaram para a importância de monitorar este consumo. Analisaram-se os dados provenientes do Vigescola conduzido, em 2009, em três cidades. As prevalências de uso de outros produtos de tabaco fumado nos últimos 30 dias entre os escolares de 13 a 15 anos foram elevadas em Campo Grande (18,3%; IC95%: 14,4%-22,9%) e São Paulo (22,1%; IC95%: 19,0%-25,6%). Em Vitória, a prevalência encontrada não foi tão alta quanto às demais (4,3%; IC95%: 3,1%-5,7%). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas por sexo. Entre os fumantes, o narguilé se destacou por seu alto consumo. É possível que a queda da prevalência de fumantes de cigarro observada nos últimos anos no Brasil tenha favorecido o uso de outros produtos do tabaco como o narguilé, sobretudo entre estudantes.
Espécies de Ganoderma P. Karst (Ganodermataceae) e Phellinus Quél. (Hymenochaetaceae) na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Martins Júnior Alcindo da Silva , Gibertoni Tatiana Baptista , Sotão Helen Maria Pontes
Published: November 2011

Este trabalho foi baseado em coleções realizadas pelos autores e em material depositado no herbário João Murça Pires (MG), procedentes da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna (ECFPn, 1°38' - 1°48S; 51°20' - 51°36'W). Ganoderma esta representado por três espécies: G. australe, G. multiplicatum e G. stipitatum, e Phellinus por sete: P. baccharidis, P. calcitratus, P. extensus, P. fastuosus, P. gilvus, P. shaferi e P. undulatus.
Germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de protocormos de Epidendrum secundum Jacq. (Orchidaceae) em associação com fungos micorrízicos do gênero Epulorhiza
Authors: Pereira Marlon Corrêa , Torres Denise Pereira , Guimarães Fernanda Aparecida Rodrigues , Pereira Olinto Liparini , Kasuya Maria Catarina Megumi
Published: November 2011

Na natureza, as espécies de Orchidaceae estão associadas a fungos micorrízicos. A compreensão da especificidade fungo-planta nessa associação pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas para propagação simbiótica das orquídeas. Fungos micorrízicos Epulorhiza spp. têm sido isolados de Epidendrum secundum Jacq. com maior freqüência. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de sementes e o desenvolvimento de protocormos de E. secundum associados a diferentes isolados de fungos do gênero Epulorhiza. Utilizou-se 16 fungos Epulorhiza spp. isolados de diferentes populações de E. secundum. Após 44 dias, todos os fungos testados induziram a germinação das sementes. Entretanto, observou-se diferença na eficiência desses fungos em promover o desenvolvimento dos protocormos, mesmo entre os fungos que apresentam semelhanças morfológicas. O estágio de desenvolvimento mais avançado dos protocormos e o maior índice de crescimento foram observados quando as sementes foram inoculadas com o isolado M65. Conclui-se que a germinação das sementes e o desenvolvimento dos protocormos de E. secundum dependem do fungo micorrízico e que, apesar da grande freqüência de associação entre essa espécie de orquídea e fungos do gênero Epulorhiza, é importante a seleção de isolados que apresentem maior eficiência simbiótica. Isolados eficientes são úteis na produção de mudas de orquídeas de importância econômica e ornamental e de espécies ameaçadas de extinção.
Cultivo de espécies alimentares em quintais urbanos de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil
Authors: Siviero Amauri , Delunardo Thiago Andrés , Haverroth Moacir , Oliveira Luis Cláudio de , Mendonça Ângela Maria Silva
Published: November 2011

Os quintais são espaços de resistência no ambiente urbano que garantem a interação do homem com elementos do mundo natural. As plantas alimentares cultivadas em quintais urbanos são importantes na complementação da dieta alimentar dos moradores da cidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento das espécies vegetais de uso alimentar cultivadas em quintais urbanos de Rio Branco. Foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais com uso de questionário específico registrando as espécies vegetais de uso alimentar, área do quintal e fatores socioeconômicos dos moradores em 132 quintais urbanos de Rio Branco entre 2009 e 2010. Os bairros selecionados para este estudo foram Aeroporto Velho, Placas e Novo Horizonte, todos situados na periferia do município. Foram detectadas 77 espécies de uso alimentar pertencentes a 34 famílias botânicas, com destaque para as famílias Solanaceae (12,6%) e Myrtaceae (11,3%), sendo 62,0% de espécies frutíferas e 38,0% de hortaliças. Do total de espécies registradas 82,3% são exóticas, sendo 34,1% e 18,9% associadas ainda ao uso medicinal e ornamental. Não foram identificadas associações estatísticas significativas entre a riqueza de espécies e os fatores socioeconômicos. A análise de variância não paramétrica apresentou diferenças significativas entre bairros revelando que o bairro Placas possui maior riqueza de espécies. A riqueza de espécies correlacionou positivamente com a área dos quintais. O cultivo das plantas alimentares em quintais urbanos de Rio Branco auxilia no tratamento de doenças e promove a conservação da agrobiodiversidade, bem estar aos moradores pela melhoria da paisagem, ambiência microclimática e espaço de lazer.
Composition, community structure and vertical distribution of epiphytic ferns on Alsophila setosa Kaulf., in a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, Morro Reuter, RS, Brazil
Authors: Schneider Paulo Henrique , Schmitt Jairo Lizandro
Published: November 2011

In tropical forests, tree ferns constitute an important phorophyte for the establishment and occurrence of epiphytic species. Composition, structure and vertical distribution of epiphytic ferns were studied on Alsophila setosa Kaulf., in a semideciduous seasonal forest fragment, in the city of Morro Reuter (29º32'07"S and 51º05'26"W), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample consisted of 60 caudices of at least 4 m high, which were divided in 1 m intervals from the ground. The specific importance value was estimated trough the coverage value and caudex frequency at the intervals. A total of 14 species was recorded, belonging to 10 genera and five families. The highest specific richness occurred in Polypodiaceae. The rarefaction curve for the total sample did not reach an asymptote with an estimated 14.98 to 16.95 species, showing that a few species could still be recorded. The species with the highest importance value and vertical amplitude was Blechnum binervatum (Poir.) C.V. Morton & Lellinger, with a decreasing frequency from bottom to top of the caudex. Considering the predominance of habitual holoepiphytes, the removal of Alsophila setosa caudices compromises microhabitat availability for epiphytes in the forest understory.
Reproductive biology and pollination of Aechmea distichantha Lem. (Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Scrok Gilson João , Varassin Isabela Galarda
Published: November 2011

Reproductive biology, including phenology, flower biology, pollination, and the reproductive system in the bromeliad Aechmea distichantha were studied in an Araucaria forest in the state of Paraná. Phenology and reproduction in terricolous plants were followed in October 2006 and May - October of 2007. Flowering peaked from June to September and fruiting was from June to October. Flower anthesis lasted one day. Flowers were pollinated the most by the hummingbird Stephanoxis lalandi and the most common butterfly visitor was Lychnuchoides ozias ozias. Nectar concentration declined during anthesis, while nectar volume was constant. Aechmea distichantha is self-compatible with 30-45% fruit formation in self-pollination tests. Sunlight influences reproduction: when controlling for bromeliad and inflorescence size, plants in sunlight produced more seeds per fruit than plants in the shade. Reproduction was also associated with inflorescence size when controlling for bromeliad size. That is, larger inflorescences in similar sized plants produced more flowers and more seeds per fruit.
New distributional data on Geastrum (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota) from Brazil
Authors: Trierveiler-Pereira Larissa , Calonge Francisco de Diego , Baseia Iuri Goulart
Published: November 2011

The data presented in this article are the results of field collections and the analysis of fungal specimens deposited in the URM Herbarium. The field trips were carried out in four Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Pernambuco, between June 2008 and May 2009. The revision of specimens housed in the URM was restricted to the Brazilian exsiccatae. Geastrum specimens were examined macro- and microscopically following the traditional methodology used in the group. Geastrum javanicum and G. lloydianum are new records from the Northeastern Region of Brazil. Eight species are new records from the following states: Pará (G. fimbriatum), Ceará (G. lloydianum), Paraíba (G. fimbriatum, G. javanicum, G. schweinitzii and G. entomophilum), Pernambuco (G. lageniforme and G. triplex) and Rio de Janeiro (G. javanicum). In this article we present full descriptions for ten species of Geastrum with pictures and an identification key.
Litterfall, precipitation and nutrient fluxes in a secondary lowland rain forest in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Oziegbe Modupe B. , Muoghalu Joseph I. , Oke Samson O.
Published: November 2011

Litterfall, precipitation and nutrient fluxes were investigated in a 0.25 ha plot of a secondary lowland rain forest in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, for a period of one year. The study determined the magnitude of nutrient fluxes through (litterfall, incident rainfall, throughfall and stemflow) and evaluated the relative importance of these components as pathways of nutrient transport to the soil of this forest. There was a significant monthly variation in litterfall and the highest values of the standing crop of litter occurred from November to March. The concentration of elements in both throughfall and stemflow were higher than those of incidence rainfall. Greater quantities of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and nitrogen were deposited annually from the forest floor while greater quantities of mercury, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, lead and sulphur were deposited via precipitation. There was net leaching of all elements from the canopy as precipitation pass through it with the exception of copper, hydrogen ions and lead, which were retained in the canopy. The finding of this study shows that litterfall is the major pathway for the cycling of calcium, magnesium, nitrogen and all micronutrients investigated. Net precipitation is the major pathway for the cycling of potassium, phosphorus, sulphur and trace toxic metals (mercury and lead) in the forest.
Tipificação polínica em Leguminosae de uma área prioritária para conservação da Caatinga: Caesalpinioideae e Papilionoideae
Authors: Buril Maria Teresa , Alves Marccus , Santos Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos
Published: November 2011

O município de Mirandiba, Pernambuco, foi considerado como área prioritária para a conservação da Caatinga e apresenta uma grande diversidade florística. Leguminosae desponta como família mais diversa, representando cerca de 25% das espécies conhecidas para o domínio. Foram caracterizados os grãos de pólen das subfamílias Caesalpinioideae e Papilionoideae, e estabelecidos grupos com afinidades na morfologia polínica. Em Caesalpinioideae, são discutidas diferenças especialmente quanto à ornamentação da exina, marcantes entre os gêneros estudados. Enquanto em Papilionoideae, a variação mais marcante está no tipo de aberturas, sendo encontrados poros, cólporos e colpos. Nas duas subfamílias, a maioria dos gêneros pode ser considerada estenopolínica, restringindo o reconhecimento de espécies por caracteres apenas morfométricos.
O gênero Phacus (Euglenophyceae) em lago urbano subtropical, no Jardim Botânico de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Alves-da-Silva Sandra Maria , Pereira Viviane Camejo , Moreira Clarissa Silva , Friedrich Francieli
Published: November 2011

Este trabalho apresenta o gênero Phacus Duj. do "Lago da Ponte", localizado no Jardim Botânico de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, a 30°03'05"S e 51°10'34"W. O estudo do "Lago da Ponte" tem como objetivo a identificação de Phacus provenientes de 24 amostras coletadas com rede de plâncton, em duas margens do lago, com periodicidade mensal, de julho/2007 a junho/2008. Ainda, realizar a comparação da riqueza desse gênero nesse ambiente depois de sua transformação de banhado para lago, assim como, fornecer a amplitude das variáveis ambientais de ocorrência de cada táxon. Da análise qualitativa resultou o registro de 22 táxons em nível específico e infraespecífico, distribuídos em 18 variedades típicas, três variedades que não as típicas da espécie e uma forma que não a típica. Phacus brachykentron Pochm. e P. stokesii Lemm. são citados pela primeira vez no Rio Grande do Sul. Os táxons mais freqüentes foram: Phacus brachykentron Pochm., P. longicauda (Ehr.) Duj., P. hamatus Pochm, P. orbicularis Hübner e P. raciborskii Drez.var. longus Conf. A comparação da riqueza do banhado versus lago, segundo o índice de Sörensen, indicou baixa similaridade entre estes biótopos aquáticos, ocorrendo maior riqueza de Phacus no sistema lago.