bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan pengetahuan pada masyarakat tentang konstruksi sumur gali dan bak penampungan limbah serta jarak yang aman terhadap sumber pencemar
Authors: Darmiati Darmiati , Nilawati Nilawati
Published: April 2021

Background: The use of mercury material has developed very broadly, and one of them is in the gold mining process which is carried out in the gold extraction process. The activity is carried out in the yard of the house and adjacent to the dug well, this can cause pollution in the soil and dug well water. Problems that arise due to exposure to Mercury are gastrointestinal disorders, kidney damage, nerve damage, disability in the fetus, while in children will reduce cognitive abilities and thinking, memory, attention, language mastery, fine motor skills and visual.Objectives: The purpose of this community service is to increase community knowledge about the construction of dug wells and waste collection tanks as well as a safe distance to pollutants in the traditional gold mining.Method:  The study used a cross-sectional design, involving subjects in 30 community groups. Data collection using a questionnaire and conducted interviews. Analysis of research data is only done univariately.Results: The results of the evaluation of the activity revealed that there was an increase in public knowledge of the conditions for the construction of dug wells, waste collection basins and diseases caused by mercury exposure directly or indirectly on the human body (able to answer questions correctly more than 20% on each question item).Conclusion: Most people begin to understand that the danger of mercury does not only occur in the skin, but can affect the entire organ system and permanent nervous system damage.
Hubungan promosi susu formula, produksi ASI dan psikologis ibu dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif
Authors: Agustina Agustina , Hamisah Irma , Mutia Yulia
Published: April 2021

Background: Giving breastmilk exclusively is very important for the health and development of infants. In Indonesia the scope of exclusive breastfeeding until the age of 6 months is still relatively low. This situation will have an impac on the quality of the nation’s next generation and also the national economy.Objectives: To obtain the relationship between the promotion of formula milk, Breastmilk production and psychological factor of mother with exclusive breastfeeding in the work area of the Bireuen Peusangan health center.Methods: This research is analytic descriptive with cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in the Peusangan Bireuen Community Health Center from 19 February-4 March 2018. The number of samples was 67 mothers who had babies aged 7-11 months. Data processing was carried out with SPSS and Chi-Square statistical test analysis with p-value < 0.05.Results: The results showed that 43 people (64.2%) gave exclusive breastfeeding, ther was relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the promotion of formula milk (p= 0.032), Breastmilk production (p= 0.047), but not related to psychology (p=0,830).Conclusion: Breastmilk production and promotion of formula milk are related to exclusive breastfeeding.
Bakso daging sapi dengan penambahan rumput laut sebagai alternatif makanan tinggi serat dan yodium
Authors: Irmalawati Irmalawati , Novita Rosi
Published: April 2021

Background: Seaweed is a low-level plant that has high nutritional value, such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber and iodum. People really like the consumption of meatballs. The addition of seaweed to beef meatballs which increases the increase in better nutritional content with fiber and iodine content.Objectives: This study aims to develop a beef meatball formulation with the addition of seaweed as an alternative to foods high in fiber and iodine.Methods: The research design was an experiment through a completely randomized design. The time of the research was March 2019 and was carried out at the Food Technology Laboratory of the Nutrition Department and the Food Food Analysis Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Syiah Kuala. Panelists are trained nutrition alumni, totaling 25 people. Data were collected by interview, observation and checklist using an organoleptic questionnaire. Data were collected by interview and observation. The experimental formulations were FA = addition of 40% seaweed to beef meatballs, FB = 60% and FC = 80%. Statistical analysis using the Anova and Duncan test with 95% CI.Results: The results showed a significant effect of the addition of seaweed on the color (p= 0.000) and texture (p= 0.007) of beef meatballs. However, it had no effect on taste (p= 0.182) and aroma (p= 0.134). Chemically, seaweed meatball has a fiber content of 7.85% and an iodine content of 19.5%.Conclusion: The addition of seaweed to the manufacture of beef meatballs on the chemical properties of fiber and iodine has met SNI standards. The organoleptic results showed that the addition of seaweed had a significant effect on the color and texture of the beef meatballs, while the taste and aroma had no effect.
Pemberian kompres hangat efektif untuk pemulihan peristaltik usus pasien post operasi dengan anestesi umum
Authors: Syamsuddin Asniah
Published: April 2021

Background: Almost every patient with major surgery or surgery who uses general anesthesia after surgery does not take any action to help with intestinal peristalsis. Giving warm compresses is one way to reduce muscle spasms, increase and increase blood flow.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to study the solution of warm compresses to postoperative intestinal peristalsis recovery with general anesthesia.Methods: The design of this study was a quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group design, a sample of 16 respondents who were taken by consecutive sampling technique. The research was conducted at the Meuraxa Hospital Hospital Banda Aceh in 2019. The data was processed using statistical tests using paired sample t-test.Results: The results of the study have shown that there is the effectiveness of giving warm compresses to the recovery of peristalsis in the experimental group with a value of p= 0.000 (p < 0.05), and the independent t-test shows that there is a significant difference in intestinal peristalsis between the experimental group and the control group in post patients. surgery under general anesthesia with a value of p= 0.022 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The effectiveness of warm compresses on the recovery of intestinal peristalsis in the experimental group and the control group in postoperative patients with general anesthesia. It is hoped that patients and nurses can apply warm compresses after surgery with general anesthesia
Studi Taksonomi Pembuatan Beliung Prasejarah Di Ngrijang Sengon, Ngrijangan, Gunung Gamping, Kendeng Lembu : Aplikasi Analisis Kluster Steinhaus Dan Uji D/MA
Authors: Ernawan Yusuf
Published: April 2021

Hubungan urutan tahap reduksi batuan terhadap keberadaan cacat fisik dapat memperlihatkan limbah produk dan produk sesuai tujuan membentuk beliung. Hubungan keberadaan cacat fisik dengan urutan tahap reduksi batuan menjadi prabeliung dan beliung memperlihatkan bahwa tiap kelompok selalu tidak terdapat produk utuh berserpih, sehingga tidak memperlihatkan produk yang sesuai dengan tujuan membentuk prabeliung.
Arsitektur Atap Masjid Di Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Atmojo Bambang Sakti Wiku
Published: April 2021

Atap masjid kuna di Kalimantan berdasarkan berdasarkan bentuknya hampir semuanya mempunyai bentuk yang mirip satu sama lain. Kesamaan tersebut terutama terletak pada bentuk atap bertingkat yang dikenal dengan nama atap tumpang. Hampir semua atap atap tumpang terbuat dari sirap. Kemuncak hampir semuanya berbentuk kubah, kecuali pada beberapa masjid, misalnya Masjid Wasah Hilir yang puncaknya hanya berupa hiasan bunga-bungaan. Bentuk kubah juga bermacam-macam, yaitu bentuk kubah bawang, kubah bulat, kubah yang berbentuk seperti topi, dan kubah segi enam.
Pola Permukiman Prasejarah: Kajian Atas Data Hasil Penelitian Megalitik di Pakauman, Bondowoso
Authors: Suryanto Diman
Published: April 2021

Kajian permukiman ini didasarkan atas hasil penelitian di situs Pakauman, Desa Pakauman, Kecamatan Grujugan, Kabupaten Bondowoso, Provinsi Jawa Timur, pada tahun 1985 yang lalu. Kajian ini menjadi amat penting karena di situs Pakauman yang mengandung banyak tinggalan megalitik itu, kini telah berdiri sebuah pabrik pengolahan kayu.
Benteng Balangnipa Di Kabupaten Sinjai, Sulawesi Selatan (Pola Tata Ruang Dan Arti Penting Kedudukannya)
Authors: Sarjiyanto Nfn.
Published: April 2021

Kompleks benteng tidak terlalu luas sehingga hanya ada beberapa bangunan utama yang sederhana. Ini berhubungan dengan fungsi, tingkat kebutuhan ruang serta peranan benteng. Kondisi intern Belanda juga sedang mengalami kemerosotan kekuatan dan ancaman dari luar. Tinggalan artefaktual juga menunjukkan peran (Belanda) dalam pemakaian benteng. Pembangunan benteng mempertimbangkan kepentingan ekonomi dengan berusaha menguasai kerajaan Bone, dan teluk Bone yang strategis. Benteng Balangnipa pernah dimanfaatkan untuk pejuang kemerdekaan RI (angka tahun pada temuan mata uang punya korelasi kuat dalam hal ini), asrama kepolisian, dan saat ini belum dimanfaatkan rencananya untuk museum daerah. Benteng ini terbukti nyata menjadi arti penting khususnya bagi daerah Sinjai dan bagi Belanda ketika hendak menguasai Bone karena kepentingan ekonominya. Tinggalan benteng kolonial yang ada turut memperkaya data sejarah perjuangan bangsa Indonesia, khususnya kerajaan Bone.
Beyond the Church Parties Model: A Reply
Authors: Ostrowski Donald
Published: April 2021

The historiography of sixteenth-century Church parties may have arisen from historians’ misinterpreting the use of the terms “band of Josephian monks” (cheti Osiflianskikh mnikhov) and the “non-possessor way of life” (nestiazhatel’noe zhitel’stvo) by the author of The History of the Grand Prince of Moscow. But he does not juxtapose these terms against each other. Those monks who live the non-possessor way of life are, instead, directly contrasted with those who love possession (liubostiazhatel’nye), but neither they nor the Josephians are described as a Church party, let alone one that had an “ideology”. The monks in The History who loved possessions are not identified with the Josephians, nor are the monks who follow the non-possessor way of life identified with the Trans-Volga elders. Another attempt to find the antecedent of the Church parties model were historians who cite the use by Zinovii Otenskii of the term nestiazhatel’ in relation to Vassian Patrikeev, but he too was not using the term in the sense of a Church party. These attempts are examples of “thick interpretation”; that is, imposing on the source testimony an outside construct that is not contained within it.
Why Did Russia Not Become a Composite State?
Authors: Filyushkin Alexander
Published: April 2021

The paper asks how the Russian Empire emerged. In the course of European monarchical rise of the 16–17th centuries, composite monarchies turned into nation states and then empires. Russia never became a composite; very soon after its emergence at the end of the 15th century, it immediately moved to the imperial stage. The answer to why this happened is the key to understanding the Russian Empire’s history. One factor that prevented Russia from building a composite monarchy was the weakness of political actors united under Moscow’s leadership. European composite monarchies emerged when and where the dominant monarchy forcefully broke local laws, fought against local class and political systems. But Moscow’s rivals were too weak, and Russian monarchs did not need to compromise with them. A shared Orthodox faith, common culture, language, and economic structure, as well as the absence of natural borders on the Eastern European plain were other factors that allowed Moscow to ignore the rights of conquered regions. Russia’s background as a part of the Mongol Empire also played a role. By the time Russia faced strong European monarchical competitors, its imperial development path already formed. An important feature of the early Muscovite Empire was the dominance of political practice over ideology. The ideological design of the Empire occurred only in the 18th and 19th century. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the imperial character of Muscovy was formed intuitively and spontaneously; one might call it a neonatal, rudimentary, infant empire.
What Changes for the Constitutional Court with the New Russian Constitution?
Authors: Grigoriev Ivan S.
Published: April 2021

Of the 206 amendments introduced to the Russian constitution and adopted on July 1, 2020, 24 deal directly with the Constitutional Court, its organization, functioning, and the role it plays in the political system. Compared to many other, these are also rather precise and detailed, ranging from the number of judges on the bench, their nomination and dismissal, to the Court’s inner procedures, new locus standi limitations, and the primacy of the Constitution over Russia’s international obligations. Most changes only reproduce amendments brought to the secondary legislation over the last twenty years, and are therefore meant to preserve the status quo rather than change anything significantly. At the same time, a number of amendments aim at politicizing and instrumentalizing the Court for the president’s benefit, marking a significant departure from the previous institutional development.
Constitution, Authoritarianism, and Bad Governance: The Case of Russia
Authors: Gel’man Vladimir
Published: April 2021

Among many arguments for constitutional changes presented in the wake of the 2020 campaign for the popular vote in Russia, there was the idea that “cementing” Russia’s political landscape for the sake of the regime’s durability would serve as a tool for improvement of quality of governance. This argument, in a way, followed the essential point of Mancur Olson describing many autocrats across the globe as “roving bandits” with their short-term time horizons and incentives for predatory behavior. To what extent may the constitutional extension of the time horizon of Russia’s authoritarian regime contribute to conversion of Russia’s state officials and top managers from the “roving” to the “stationary” model, in Olson’s terms? On the basis of previous research, I argue that the nature of Russia’s political regime—electoral authoritarianism under personalist rule—prevents such a trajectory of further evolution. Indeed, the set of constitutional changes adopted in Russia in July 2020 is likely to preserve bad governance as a mechanism of maintenance of politico-economic order, as intentionally built and developed during the post-Soviet period. While certain technocratic solutions for Russia’s governance, aimed at “fool-proofing”, may avert the risks of major disasters, under conditions of durable authoritarianism the use of these devices will not result in major advancements in the quality of governance. Rather, they may contribute to further decay and aggravation of the numerous vices of bad governance.
Patriotic Legitimation and Everyday Patriotism in Russia’s Constitutional Reform
Authors: Goode J. Paul
Published: April 2021

Russia’s 2020 Constitutional reform was notable not just for the substantial institutional changes introduced, but also for the almost complete lack of public discussion of those changes in elite debates or the public campaign for the nationwide vote. Instead, proposals to write social and patriotic issues into the Constitution absorbed the lion’s share of coverage. These issues were not superfluous, but rather reveal the dynamics of patriotic legitimation and the role of everyday patriotism in Russian politics today. Among Russia’s elite, patriotic legitimation regulates competition, determines the boundaries of acceptable public politics, and provides access to regime patronage. For the public, the avoidance of politics and the appropriation of Russians’ everyday patriotism facilitated the mobilization of an apolitical electorate in the nationwide vote. While the reform may have strengthened the institutional basis of Putin’s rule, it potentially limits the regime’s adaptability and could affect its long-term survivability.
Single-stage technological support and machinery contact rigidity increase
Authors: Suslov Anatoliy , Khandozhko Viktor
Published: April 2021

The oretical and empirical dependences of contact rigidity in a fixed joint at the first and repeated loadings upon engineering methods of a joint surface treatment are presented. There are shown data on potentialities of engineering methods of treatment in support and increase of contact rigidity.
Geniposide protection against Aβ1-42 toxicity correlates with mTOR inhibition and enhancement of autophagy
Authors: Liu Dong-Xing , Zhang Di , Hu Wei-Min , Chang Yan-Fang , Wang Xiao-Hui , Li Lin
Published: April 2021

Overactivation of the PI3-K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibition of autophagy in the brain are involved in Alzheimer’s disease. The present paper’s goal was to explore the potential mechanisms of geniposide to protect against Alzheimer’s disease. We treated the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line with Aβ1-42 as an Alzheimer’s disease in vitro model to explore the potential mechanisms of geniposide to protect against Alzheimer’s disease. Further, SH-SY5Y cells damaged by Aβ1-42 were treated with geniposide. Akt/mTOR-related proteins and autophagy-associated proteins were measured to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which geniposide protects against Aβ1-42-induced toxicity. Results showed that Akt and mTOR’s geniposide inhibited phosphorylation induced by Aβ1-42, enhanced expression of the LC3II/LC3I ratio, and Atg7 and Beclin1 expression and inhibited expression of p62 induced by Aβ1-42. Our results lead us to hypothesize that inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy enhancement are fundamental molecular mechanisms for geniposide to protect against Aβ toxicity.
Thyrotroph embryonic factor polymorphism predicts faster progression of Parkinson’s disease in a longitudinal study
Authors: Hua Ping , Cui Can , Chen Yong , Yao Yan , Yu Cui-Yu , Xu Li-Gang , Liu Wei-Guo
Published: April 2021

The thyrotroph embryonic factor gene is a circadian clock-controlled gene. The rs738499 polymorphism of this gene has been suggested to be associated with depression and sleep disturbance in Parkinson’s disease in previous cross-sectional studies. We aimed to investigate whether this single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with the progression rates of various motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease. We recruited 186 patients with Parkinson’s disease for a longitudinal study. Motor and non-motor symptoms were assessed at baseline and follow-up, and 170 Parkinson’s disease patients completed the clinical evaluation twice with an average follow-up period of 3.3 ± 1.1 years. A stepwise linear regression model was used to validate factors associated with Parkinson’s disease symptoms’ annual progression rates. Faster annual worsening rates of sleep quality and Hoehn-Yahr stage were found in carriers with the homozygous dominant (TT). After adjustment for related clinical factors, the rs738499 polymorphism showed a contribution of 3.1% to the annual decline rate on the Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale score and a contribution of 5.5% to the annual increase rate of the Hoehn-Yahr stage. Additionally, anxiety and axial symptoms predicted the progression of sleep disturbances and motor staging. The TT genotype of rs738499 might be a potential predictor of rapid deterioration in sleep quality and Hoehn-Yahr stage in patients with Parkinson’s disease and may advance the understanding of the genetic contributions to Parkinson’s disease.
Attention: Multiple types, brain resonances, psychological functions, and conscious states
Authors: Grossberg Stephen
Published: April 2021

This article describes neural models of attention. Since attention is not a disembodied process, the article explains how brain processes of consciousness, learning, expectation, attention, resonance, and synchrony interact. These processes show how attention plays a critical role in dynamically stabilizing perceptual and cognitive learning throughout our lives. Classical concepts of object and spatial attention are replaced by mechanistically precise processes of prototype, boundary, and surface attention. Adaptive resonances trigger learning of bottom-up recognition categories and top-down expectations that help to classify our experiences, and focus prototype attention upon the patterns of critical features that predict behavioral success. These feature-category resonances also maintain the stability of these learned memories. Different types of resonances induce functionally distinct conscious experiences during seeing, hearing, feeling, and knowing that are described and explained, along with their different attentional and anatomical correlates within different parts of the cerebral cortex. All parts of the cerebral cortex are organized into layered circuits. Laminar computing models show how attention is embodied within a canonical laminar neocortical circuit design that integrates bottom-up filtering, horizontal grouping, and top-down attentive matching. Spatial and motor processes obey matching and learning laws that are computationally complementary to those obeyed by perceptual and cognitive processes. Their laws adapt to bodily changes throughout life, and do not support attention or conscious states.
Alpha and theta mechanisms operating in internal-external attention competition
Authors: Magosso Elisa , Ricci Giulia , Ursino Mauro
Published: April 2021

Attention is the ability to prioritize a set of information at expense of others and can be internally- or externally-oriented. Alpha and theta oscillations have been extensively implicated in attention. However, it is unclear how these oscillations operate when sensory distractors are presented continuously during task-relevant internal processes, in close-to-real-life conditions. Here, EEG signals from healthy participants were obtained at rest and in three attentional conditions, characterized by the execution of a mental math task (internal attention), presentation of pictures on a monitor (external attention), and task execution under the distracting action of picture presentation (internal-external competition). Alpha and theta power were investigated at scalp level and at some cortical regions of interest (ROIs); moreover, functional directed connectivity was estimated via spectral Granger Causality. Results show that frontal midline theta was distinctive of mental task execution and was more prominent during competition compared to internal attention alone, possibly reflecting higher executive control; anterior cingulate cortex appeared as mainly involved and causally connected to distant (temporal/occipital) regions. Alpha power in visual ROIs strongly decreased in external attention alone, while it assumed values close to rest during competition, reflecting reduced visual engagement against distractors; connectivity results suggested that bidirectional alpha influences between frontal and visual regions could contribute to reduce visual interference in internal attention. This study can help to understand how our brain copes with internal-external attention competition, a condition intrinsic in the human sensory-cognitive interplay, and to elucidate the relationships between brain oscillations and attentional functions/dysfunctions in daily tasks.
Frequency of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-segment myocardial infarction, and unstable angina: results from a Southwest Chinese Registry
Authors: Li Si-Yi , Zhou Ming-Gang , Ye Tao , Cheng Lian-Chao , Zhu Feng , Cui Cai-Yan , Zhang Yu-Mei , Cai Lin
Published: April 2021

The burden of cardiovascular disease is predicted to escalate in developing countries. The aim of this study is to assess the characteristics, management strategies and outcomes of the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who were admitted to hospitals under the chest pain center mode in southwest P. R. China. Adults hospitalized with a diagnosis of ACS were enrolled in the retrospective, observational registry between January 2017 and June 2019 at 11 hospitals in Chengdu, P. R. China. The collected data included the patients’ baseline characteristics, clinical management and in-hospital outcomes. After Statistical analysis, (1) A total of 2857 patients with ACS, among which 1482 have ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 681 have non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and 694 have unstable angina (UA) were enrolled in the study. (2) 61.3% of the ACS patients received reperfusion therapy. More patients with STEMI underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with NSTEMI/UA patients (80.6% vs. 38.8%, P < 0.001), while thrombolytics were administered in only 1.8% of STEMI patients. (3) The median time from symptoms to hospital was 190 min (IQR 94-468) in STEMI, 283 min (IQR 112-1084) in NSTEMI and 337 min (IQR 97-2220) in UA (P < 0.001), and the door-to-balloon time for primary PCI (pPCI) was 85 min (IQR 55-121) in STEMI. (4) The in-hospital outcomes for STEMI patients included death (8.1%) and acute heart failure (22.6%), while the outcomes for those with NSTEMI and UA were better: death (4.0% and 0.9%, P < 0.001) and acute heart failure (15.3% and 9.9%, P < 0.001). (5) Antiplatelet drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) /angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) were used in about 98.3%, 95.0%, 67.7% and 54.3% of the ACS patients, respectively. Therefore, the management capacity in Chengdu has relatively increased compared with previous studies, but important gaps still exist compared with developed countries, especially regarding the management of the NSTEMI/UA patients.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in acute heart failure: invasive hemodynamic parameters and clinical outcomes
Authors: Lo Kevin Bryan , Toroghi Hesam Mostafavi , Salacup Grace , Jiang Jiahui , Bhargav Ruchika , Quintero Eduardo , Balestrini Kira , Shahzad Anum , Mathew Roy O. , McCullough Peter A , Rangaswami Janani
Published: April 2021

There are limited data regarding the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARBs) in acute heart failure (AHF). The purpose is to determine the patterns of ACEi/ARB use at the time of admission and discharge in relation to invasive hemodynamic data, mortality, and heart failure (HF) readmissions. This is a retrospective single-center study in patients with AHF who underwent right heart catheterization between January 2010 and December 2016. Patients on dialysis, evidence of shock, or incomplete follow up were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with continuation of ACEi/ARB use on discharge and its relation to mortality and HF readmissions. The final sample was 626 patients. Patients on ACEi/ARB on admission were most likely continued on discharge. The most common reasons for stopping ACEi/ARB were worsening renal function (WRF), hypotension, and hyperkalemia. Patients with ACEi/ARB use on admission had a significantly higher systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), but lower cardiac index (CI). Patients with RA pressures above the median received less ACEi/ARB (P = 0.025) and had significantly higher inpatient mortality (P = 0.048). After multivariate logistic regression, ACEi/ARB use at admission was associated with less inpatient mortality; OR 0.32 95% CI (0.11 to 0.93), and this effect extended to the subgroup of patients with HFpEF. Patients discharged on ACEi/ARB had significantly less 6-month HF readmissions OR 0.69 95% CI (0.48 to 0.98). ACEi/ARB use on admission for AHF was associated with less inpatient mortality including in those with HFpEF.
Implantable cardiac devices in geriatric patients: a primer for primary and geriatric physicians
Authors: Wani Farah , Amir Rawan , Aljadah Michael , Albosta Michael , Guidi Jean Claude , Singh Jagmeet , Kanjwal Khalil , Kichloo Asim
Published: April 2021

In the next 20 years, the percentage of people older than 65 years of age in the United States is expected to double. Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in developed nations, including the United States. Due to the increased incidence of cardiac disease in elderly patients, the need for special treatment considerations, including cardiac devices, may be necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality in this patient population. The purpose of this review is to provide a primer of the common cardiac devices used in the management of cardiac disorders in the geriatric patient population. In order to do this, we have performed a literature review for articles related to cardiac devices published between 2000 and 2020, in addition to reviewing guidelines and recommendations from relevant professional societies. We provide readers with an overview of several cardiac devices including implantable loop recorders, pacemakers, cardiac resynchronization therapy, automated implantable cardiac defibrillators, watchman devices, and ventricular assist devices. Indications, contraindications, clinical trial data, and general considerations in the geriatric population were included. Due to the aging population and increased incidence of cardiac disease, clinicians should be aware of the indications and contraindications of cardiac device therapy in the management of various cardiac conditions that afflict the geriatric population.
Trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with coronary atherosclerotic burden in non-ST-segment myocardial infarction patients: SZ-NSTEMI prospective cohort study
Authors: Waleed Khalid Bin , Tse Gary , Lu Yong-Kang , Peng Chang-Nong , Tu Hong , Ding Li-Gang , Xia Yun-Long , Wu Shu-Lin , Li Xin-Tao , Zhou Hou-Qing , Chen Qi-Ying , Sun Ai-Mei , Altaf Afrasyab , Chang Jun-Lei , Wang Li-Li
Published: April 2021

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is reported to accelerate atherosclerosis and the development of adverse cardiac outcomes. Relationship between coronary atherosclerotic burden and TMAO has been examined in stable coronary artery disease and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, but not in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We examined the association between TMAO and coronary atherosclerotic burden in NSTEMI. In this prospective cohort study, two groups including NSTEMI (n = 73) and age-sex matched Healthy (n = 35) individuals were enrolled between 2019 and 2020. Coronary atherosclerotic burden was stratified based on the number of diseased coronary vessels and clinical risk scores including SYNTAX and GENSINI. Fasting plasma TMAO was measured by isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography. The median plasma TMAO levels were significantly higher in the NSTEMI group than in the Healthy group, respectively (0.59 μM; interquartile range [IQR]: 0.43-0.78 versus 0.42 μM; IQR: 0.33-0.64; P = 0.006). Within the NSTEMI group, higher TMAO levels were observed in the multivessel disease (MVD) versus single vessel disease (P = 0.002), and intermediate-high risk (score ≥ 23) versus low risk (score < 23) of SYNTAX (P = 0.003) and GENSINI (P = 0.005). TMAO level remained an independent predictor of MVD (odds ratio [OR]: 5.94, P = 0.005), intermediate-high risk SYNTAX (OR: 3.61, P = 0.013) and GENSINI scores (OR: 4.60, P = 0.008) following adjustment for traditional risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis for TMAO predicted MVD (AUC: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.60-0.86, P = 0.002), intermediate-high SYNTAX score (AUC: 0.70, 95% Cl: 0.58-0.82, P = 0.003) and GENSINI score (AUC: 0.70, 95% Cl: 0.57-0.83, P = 0.005). In all, TMAO levels are independently associated with high coronary atherosclerotic burden in NSTEMI.
Stres Akademik Mahasiswa di Masa Pandemi (Dalam Mengikuti Pembelajaran DARING)
Authors: Megawati Yosepine
Published: April 2021

Pandemi covid-19 terjadi hampir diseluruh dunia menyebabkan kegiatan yang melibatkan banyak orang harus dihindari, salah satunya adalah kegiatan belajar mengajar. Sejak bulan Maret 2020, pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan kebijakan pembelajaran jarang jauh/daring di perguruan tinggi. Hal tersebut dilakukan dalam rangka pencegahan penyebaran covid-19. Proses pembelajaran daring menimbulkan beberapa kendala yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa yaitu signal internet yang jelek, tugas yang banyak, kurang fokus dalam mengikuti proses perkuliahan, serta kesulitan tidur sehingga hal tersebut menyebabkan stress akademik pada mahasiswa. Pada masa pandemic Covid-19 mahasiswa merasa bosan berada dirumah, tidak memahami materi perkuliahan secara optimal, bingung dengan metode pembelajaran daring, serta merasa kemampuan dan nilainya menurun drastis. Gagapnya para pendidik, bingungnya orangtua yang mendampingi anak – anaknya belajar di rumah, dan mahasiswa yang kebingungan menghadapi metode pembelajaran daring disertai dengan tumpukan tugas menyebabkan semakin meluas terjadinya kecemasan terlebih lagi dimasa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh livana PH dkk (2020) menunjukkan bahwa Tugas pembelajaran merupakan faktor utama penyebab stres mahasiswa selama pandemi Covid-19. Ansietas dapat berupa perasaan khawatir, perasaan tidak enak, tidak pasti atau merasa sangat takut sebagai akibat dari suatu ancaman atau perasaan yang mengancam dimana sumber nyata dari kecemasan tersebut tidak diketahui dengan pasti (Nasir, Abdul., Abdul Muhith, 2011). Kecemasan mempengaruhi hasil belajar mahasiswa, karena kecemasan cenderung menghasilkan kebingungan dan distorsi persepsi. Distorsi tersebut dapat mengganggu belajar dengan menurunkan kemampuan memusatkan perhatian, menurunkan daya ingat, mengganggu kemampuan menghubungkan satu hal dengan yang lain (Kaplan dan Saddock, 2005). Pembelajaran daring mempengaruhi stress akademik selama pandemi covid-19. Pembelajaran daring perlu didukung dengan sarana dan prasarana, kesiapan dan keterampilan dosen sehingga stres akademik pada mahasiswa dapat dihindari.
Differential expression of PCNA in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. PCNA was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. PCNA mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of PCNA in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal and luminal A subtype cancer, but in a contrary manner. PCNA may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
ThreadStates: State-based Visual Analysis of Disease Progression
Authors: Wang Qianwen , Mazor Tali , Harbig Theresa A , Cerami Ethan , Gehlenborg Nils
Published: April 2021

A growing number of longitudinal cohort studies are generating data with extensive patient observations across multiple timepoints. Such data offers promising opportunities to better understand the progression of diseases. However, these observations are usually treated as general events in existing visual analysis tools. As a result, their capabilities in modeling disease progression are not fully utilized. To fill this gap, we designed and implemented ThreadStates, an interactive visual analytics tool for the exploration of longitudinal patient cohort data. The focus of ThreadStates is to identify the states of disease progression by learning from observation data in a human-in-the-loop manner. We propose a novel Glyph Matrix design and combine it with a scatter plot to enable seamless identification, observation, and refinement of states. The disease progression patterns are then revealed in terms of state transitions using Sankey-based visualizations. We employ sequence clustering techniques to find patient groups with distinctive progression patterns, and to reveal the association between disease progression and patient-level features. The design and development were driven by a requirement analysis and iteratively refined based on feedback from domain experts over the course of a 10-month design study. Case studies and expert interviews demonstrate that ThreadStates can successively summarize disease states, reveal disease progression, and compare patient groups.
Metonymy in Indonesian Prefixal Word-Formation
Authors: Rajeg Gede Primahadi Wijaya
Published: April 2021

Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya. (2013). Metonymy in Indonesian Prefixal Word-formation. Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture, 1(2), 64–81. --- Major emphasis with respect to the studies of metonymy is mainly on lexical metonymy. Recent studies by Janda (2010a; 2010b; 2011b) however have shown the role of metonymy in word-formation. This paper builds on Janda's studies and presents a case study with the aim to investigate metonymic relationship in Indonesian prefixal derivation. The database comprises 85 classification types consisting of a unique combination of metonymy, word class, and a prefix. The range of metonymy and word class patterns across prefixes is explored. It is shown that one metonymy and word class pattern can be encoded by more than one prefix. This study also demonstrates that on average prefixes are relatively not specific in terms of metonymy and word class patterns they signal. A number of metonymy patterns exhibit bi-directionality such as ACTION FOR AGENT (beli → pembeli) and AGENT FOR ACTION (supir → menyupir) but most patterns are uni-directional.
Particles, Especially Virtual Particles, in a Multi-fold Universe vs. QFT
Authors: Maes Stephane
Published: April 2021

In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model. In this paper, we discuss the point of view of the virtual particles used to explain gravity emergence from entanglement and in particular position their use versus the more conventional view on virtual particles in QFT. Indeed, besides the fact that QFT has challenges to model particles, there are some strong views on what is or is not appropriate when it comes to involving virtual particles in conventional QFT, or vacuum fluctuations for that matter. The proposed multi-fold mechanisms on the other hand rely first and foremost on the concept of particles, with modifications to conventional QFT. In that context virtual particle play a central role. Besides evangelizing the need to evolve QFT, we also review how virtual particles are key to the notion of small scale non negligible addition of gravity to the standard model, and to a proposal for Ultimate Unification where al particles convey gravity and their proper interactions. We also discuss how this model is key and aligned to the area laws of blacks holes, Hawking’s radiation and the absence of gravity shielding even when using virtual particle. This discussion will also offer some perspectives on QFT in curved spacetime. The bottom line is that there are no contradiction with the main views on virtual particles of conventional QFT proposed with multi-fold universe mechanisms and that in fact, while hard to formulate, the use of virtual particles could also be modeled with fields and associated multi-fold fields.We also discuss comparing our model using pairs of entangled virtual particles versus models using only (or in addition) pairs of entangled gravitons. Such a multi-fold model with only gravitons may recover the same results or differ depending on how massive gravitons would be modeled in these new models. But we end up still recommending only a model where gravitons live in AdS(5).
Differential expression of CKS2 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding the CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 2, CKS2, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. CKS2 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. CKS2 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CKS2 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal and luminal A subtype cancer, but in a contrary manner. CKS2 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
An overview of the evolving jurisdictional scope of the U.S. Clean Water Act for hydrologists
Authors: Walsh Riley , Ward Adam
Published: April 2021

The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal mechanism by which the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of streams, lakes, and wetlands are protected in the U.S. The CWA has evolved considerably since its initial passage in 1948, including explicit expansions and contractions of jurisdictional scope through a series of legislative actions, court decisions, and agency rules. Here, we provide a practical summary of the CWA’s evolution, detailing the major updates or revisions and their circumstances. Additionally, we identify the jurisdictional scope of the law for rivers and streams, lakes, and wetlands based on the language used and implementation by the agencies during the same time period. While the rulemaking process commonly uses language that will be abstract to many hydrologists, understanding the on-the-ground implications, quantifying regulatory (un)certainties, and assessing the magnitude of changes through time is important to understanding the implications of environmental regulation development, litigation, and enforcement. Thus, we translate the enforcement norms and definitions into quantitative estimates for Clean Water Act scope in the Wabash River Basin (IL, IN, & OH, USA) as a demonstration of the spatial consequences of changing regulatory language.
Size effects on the plastic shock formation in steady-state cavity expansion in porous ductile materials
Authors: Rodriguez-Martinez Jose , Santos Tiago dos
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we have studied the hypervelocity expansion of a spherical cavity in an infinite medium modeled with theextension of the porous plasticity criterion of Gurson [23] developed by Chen and Yuan [7] to account for plastic strain gradient induced size effects. Following the self-similar, steady-state solution derived by Cohen and Durban [9] for size-independent porous materials, we have computed the critical cavity expansion velocity which leads to the emergence of plastic shock waves for a wide range of initial void volume fractions and different values of the length scale parameter that controls the effect of size. We have shown that size effects hinder the emergence of plastic shock waves, so that as the length scale parameter increases, the expansion velocity required for the plastic shock to be formed increases. In addition, while porosity favors the formation of plastic shocks, as shown by Cohen and Durban [9], our results indicate that the effect of initial void volume fraction on plastic shock wave formation decreases for size-dependent materials.
Kısa Cinsel Refah Ölçeğinin Türkçe Sürümü [Turkish Version of the Short Sexual Well-Being Scale]
Authors: Gerymski Rafał , Güvem Ezgi Nur
Published: April 2021

Sexual well-being is often mistakenly operationalized simply as sexual satisfaction. The concept of sexual well-being has been often used as an umbrella term for positive aspects of sexuality, apart from its negative spheres. A new concept of sexual well-being was proposed in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of sexual health. The definition tried to enrich the concept of sexual well-being, but it did not solve the problem of its operationalization. Two separate studies were conducted for the psychometric validation of the Short Sexual Well-Being Scale. Short Sexual Well-Being Scales shows good psychometric properties in its original version. These properties are yet unknown for the its Turkish translation.
Evaluative Judgment Across Domains
Authors: Clemente Ana , Pearce Marcus Thomas , Skov Martin , Nadal Marcos
Published: April 2021

Evaluative judgment—i.e., assessing to what degree a stimulus is liked or disliked—is a fundamental aspect of cognition, facilitating comparison and choosing among alternatives, deciding, and prioritizing actions. Neuroimaging studies have shown that evaluative judgment involves the projection of sensory information to the reward circuit. To investigate whether evaluative judgments are based on modality-specific or modality-general attributes, we compared the extent to which balance, contour, symmetry, and complexity affect liking responses in the auditory and visual modalities. We found no significant correlation for any of the four attributes across sensory modalities, except for contour. This suggests that evaluative judgments primarily rely on modality-specific sensory representations elaborated in the brain’s sensory cortices and relayed to the reward circuit, rather than abstract modality-general representations. The individual traits art experience, openness to experience, and desire for aesthetics were associated with the extent to which design or compositional attributes influenced liking, but inconsistently across sensory modalities and attributes, also suggesting modality-specific influences.
A systematic review of the efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on cognitive enhancement
Authors: Pabst Alexandria , Proksch Shannon , Médé Butovens , Comstock Daniel , Ross Jessica M , Balasubramaniam Ramesh
Published: April 2021

Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) has been used to focally regulate excitability of neural cortex over the past decade – however there is little consensus on the generalizability of effects reported in individual studies. Many studies use small sample sizes (n < 30), and there is a considerable amount of methodological heterogeneity in application of the stimulation itself. This systematic meta-analysis aims to consolidate the extant literature and determine if up-regulatory theta-burst stimulation reliably enhances cognition through measurable behavior. Results show that iTBS – when compared to suitable control conditions — may enhance cognition when outlier studies are removed, and there is a significant amount of heterogeneity across studies. Significant contributors to between-study heterogeneity include location of stimulation and method of navigation to the stimulation site. Surprisingly, the type of cognitive domain investigated was not a significant contributor of heterogeneity. The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that standardization of iTBS is urgent and necessary to determine if neuroenhancement of particular cognitive faculties are reliable and robust, and measurable through observable behavior.