bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis and Versatile Reactivity of an Unusual Cyclometalated Rhodium(I) Pincer Complex
Authors: Jongbloed Linda S. , de Bruin Bas , Reek Joost N. H. , Lutz Martin , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar
Published: March 2015

The synthesis of the reactive PN(CH) ligand 2‐di(tert‐butylphosphanomethyl)‐6‐phenylpyridine (1H) and its versatile coordination to a RhI center is described. Facile CH activation occurs in the presence of a (internal) base, thus resulting in the new cyclometalated complex [RhI(CO)(κ3‐P,N,C‐1)] (3), which has been structurally characterized. The resulting tridentate ligand framework was experimentally and computationally shown to display dual‐site proton‐responsive reactivity, including reversible cyclometalation. This feature was probed by selective H/D exchange with [D1]formic acid. The addition of HBF4 to 3 leads to rapid net protonolysis of the RhC bond to produce [RhI(CO)(κ3‐P,N,(CH)‐1)] (4). This species features a rare aryl CH agostic interaction in the solid state, as shown by X‐ray diffraction studies. The nature of this interaction was also studied computationally. Reaction of 3 with methyl iodide results in rapid and selective ortho‐methylation of the phenyl ring, thus generating [RhI(CO)(κ2‐P,N‐1Me)] (5). Variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy indicates the involvement of a RhIII intermediate through formal oxidative addition to give trans‐[RhIII(CH3)(CO)(I)(κ3‐P,N,C‐1)] prior to CC reductive elimination. The RhIII–trans‐diiodide complex [RhI(CO)(I)2(κ3‐P,N,C‐1)] (6) has been structurally characterized as a model compound for this elusive intermediate.
Metal–Organic Framework/PVDF Composite Membranes with High H2 Permselectivity Synthesized by Ammoniation
Authors: Li Wanbin , Meng Qin , Zhang Congyang , Zhang Guoliang
Published: March 2015

Herein we report a new ammoniation‐based chemical modification strategy for synthesis of continuous and uniform metal–organic framework (MOF)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with attractive performance. Ammoniation can promote the support PVDF membrane to produce amino groups, form a nanoparticle structure, and be well cross‐linked; therefore, the high‐density heterogeneous nucleation sites for MOFs growth were provided and the thermal stability and chemical resistance of composite membranes can be greatly improved. The high‐quality layers of representative Cu‐BTC and ZIF‐8 were synthesized on the chemically modified PVDF membranes. By ammoniation, ZIF‐7 can even be grown under harsh synthetic conditions such as in DMF precursor solutions at 403 K. The fabricated MOF/PVDF composite membranes with excellent hollow fiber structures and enhanced structural stability exhibited high H2 permselectivities for H2/CO2 and H2/N2.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Reaction: Facial Access to Densely Functionalized Indolizines
Authors: Liu Ren‐Rong , Lu Chuan‐Jun , Zhang Ming‐Di , Gao Jian‐Rong , Jia Yi‐Xia
Published: March 2015

A palladium‐catalyzed three‐component cascade reaction of 2‐(2‐enynyl)pyridines with nucleophiles and allyl halides has been developed, enabling the synthesis of densely functionalized indolizines in moderate to good yields. The newly developed methodology offers several practical advantages, including operational simplicity, ready availability of starting materials, and mild reaction conditions.
Using the Recovery‐Curve Method for In Situ Wettability Determination in a Fractured Porous Medium
Authors: Ghaedi Mojtaba , Masihi Mohsen , Heinemann Zoltán E. , Ghazanfari Mohammad Hossein
Published: March 2015

This work presents a new method based on the recovery‐curve method to evaluate the in situ rock wettability in naturally fractured reservoirs. The recovery‐curve method uses recovery curves to describe more realistically the matrix–fracture interactions. The capability of the proposed method was shown in two models, namely a simple column model and a realistic naturally fractured reservoir. Appropriate recovery curves were determined by history matching the movement of the water–oil contact. The slopes of the obtained recovery curves were analyzed with the method presented by Mirzaei‐Paiaman et al.,12 which is referred to as the MPMS method in this study. The MPMS method has many advantages over other methods. Proper indices describing in situ rock wettability states were determined. The results are in very good agreement with those obtained from conventional methods.
Associated bacteria of different life stages of Meloidogyne incognita using pyrosequencing‐based analysis
Authors: Cao Yi , Tian Baoyu , Ji Xinglai , Shang Shenghua , Lu Chaojun , Zhang Keqin
Published: March 2015

The root knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, belongs to the most damaging plant pathogens worldwide, and is able to infect almost all cultivated plants, like tomato. Recent research supports the hypothesis that bacteria often associated with plant‐parasitic nematodes, function as nematode parasites, symbionts, or commensal organisms etc. In this study, we explored the bacterial consortia associated with M. incognita at different developmental stages, including egg mass, adult female and second‐stage juvenile using the pyrosequencing approach. The results showed that Proteobacteria, with a proportion of 71–84%, is the most abundant phylum associated with M. incognita in infected tomato roots, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes etc. Egg mass, female and second‐stage juvenile of M. incognita harbored a core microbiome with minor difference in communities and diversities. Several bacteria genera identified in M. incognita are recognized cellulosic microorganisms, pathogenic bacteria, nitrogen‐fixing bacteria and antagonists to M. incognita. Some genera previously identified in other plant‐parasitic nematodes were also found in tomato RKNs. The potential biological control microorganisms, including the known bacterial pathogens and nematode antagonists, such as Actinomycetes and Pseudomonas, showed the largest diversity and proportion in egg mass, and dramatically decreased in second‐stage juvenile and female of M. incognita. This is the first comprehensive report of bacterial flora associated with the RKN identified by pyrosequencing‐based analysis. The results provide valuable information for understanding nematode–microbiota interactions and may be helpful in the development of novel nematode‐control strategies.
Resource separation by mountain ungulates on a landscape modified by fire
Authors: Sittler Krista L. , Parker Katherine L. , Gillingham Michael P.
Published: March 2015

Fire restructures plant communities and can be an important modifier of ecosystems. Increases in forage quantity and quality in burned areas attract large ungulates, and may result in changes to animal distributions. In mountainous northern British Columbia where prescribed fire is used to enhance ungulate range, there is concern that expanding elk (Cervus elaphus) populations will move in response to burning into the traditional ranges of another grazing species, Stone's sheep (Ovis dalli stonei), and have adverse effects on them. We compared patterns of resource selection and use by both species on a landscape with 138 prescribed burns varying from 0 to 31 years of age. Seasonal range sizes of global positioning system (GPS)‐collared individuals were smallest in winter and late winter and largest in summer for both female Stone's sheep and elk. Both species selected for south aspects and against conifer stands in all seasons. Stone's sheep selected for burned areas in fall, winter, and late winter and selected to be close to a burn in every season except summer. Elk selected for burned areas in every season, with the highest selection for burn‐shrub areas. Stone's sheep typically used younger burns, whereas elk were less specific and often used older burns. The highest potential for seasonal overlap in the use of burned areas occurs during winter and late winter, but Stone's sheep and elk at current population levels overlap minimally because they partition their use of the landscape through elevation and topography. Stone's sheep always selected and used steeper rugged terrain than elk, and were at higher elevations, often in rocky areas. Elk avoided alpine and rocky areas, and were at lower elevations than Stone's sheep, on flatter less rugged terrain. We recommend continued monitoring of post‐fire effects on resource selection and use by these sympatric grazers, particularly relative to the distribution of expanding elk populations, which could enable competitive interactions and change predator‐prey dynamics. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Ultrathin polarization independent absorber with enhanced bandwidth by incorporating giusepe peano fractal in square ring
Authors: Kundu Debidas , Mohan Akhilesh , Chakraborty Ajoy
Published: March 2015

This article presents an ultrathin microwave metamaterial absorber consisting of a periodic array of square rings with Giusepe Peano fractal arms on one side, and a metallic ground on another side of a lossy dielectric layer. The rings with two different absorption peaks are multiplexed as 2×2 array in a unit cell on an effort to achieve wide band absorption of electromagnetic power. The absorber is polarization insensitive due to the four‐fold rotational symmetry of the structural unit. It behaves well for oblique incidence (up to 60°) of both the TM and TE polarized EM waves. It offers full width at half maxima absorption bandwidth of 7.5% (0.35 GHz) with respect to the center frequency (4.68 GHz). Design and simulations are performed in CST Microwave Studio. Low‐cost FR4 substrate is used for fabrication of the absorber. Experimentally demonstrated absorption performance at different angles and polarizations of incident EM waves shows good agreement with EM simulations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1072–1078, 2015
Assessment of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from wireless power transfer system in the 1.8 MHz
Authors: Hong Seon‐Eui , Cho In‐Kui , Kwon Jong‐Hwa , Pack Jeong‐Ki
Published: March 2015

In this study, we discuss human exposure to electromagnetic fields from magnetically coupled resonance wireless power transfer system operating at 1.8 MHz. A two‐step method that is composed of the finite element method (FEM) and finite‐difference time domain method are proposed. The applicability of the proposed two‐step method for a localized exposure within this frequency band is discussed by comparing the specific absorption rate (SAR) in a homogenous human‐body model computed using the FEM. From the computational results, the difference between the peaks 10‐g averaged SAR is below 10 %. These suggest results that the proposed method is applicable for evaluating compliance in realistic anatomical human body models from a wireless power transfer system. With proposed two‐step methods, the SAR in the anatomical human body model is computed for the different exposure scenarios under isolated and grounded conditions. The peak 10‐g averaged SAR in grounded human is larger than that in an isolated human. In the worst case, the peak 10‐g averaged SAR for isolated and grounded condition are 50.6 and 60.7 mW/kg, respectively. The peak 10‐g averaged SAR limits are generally reached when the input powers are 33 W for the worst‐exposure condition. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1125–1129, 2015
X‐band substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter using novel defected ground structure cell
Authors: Li Xiang , Shao Zhenhai , You Chang Jiang
Published: March 2015

In this letter, an X‐band wide stopband bandpass filter is presented, which combines substrate integrated waveguide with defected ground structure (DGS) cells. Three DGS cells, including a pair of face to face modified dumbbells embedded with E‐shape slots, are adopted to achieve bandpass performance. The wide stopband is implemented by loading low pass filter, which is designed using stepped impedance open stubs, at the input/output ports. To validate the methodology, a filter with center frequency of 8.55 GHz is designed and measured, and the measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones. The designed filter has an insertion loss of 1.45 dB, a return loss of 18.8 dB in passband, and a wide upper stopband of more than 30‐dB suppression up to 45 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1156–1160, 2015
5.5/7.5 GHz dual band‐notched monopole antenna for UWB systems
Authors: Ojaroudi S. , Ojaroudi Y. , Ojaroudi N.
Published: March 2015

This article presents a new design of ultrawideband monopole antenna with multiresonance and dual band‐notched characteristics. The proposed antenna consists of a square radiating patch with a pair of step‐shaped slits, a feed‐line, and a modified ground plane with pair of rectangular slits and inverted coupled U‐shaped parasitic structure. In the presented design, by cutting two rectangular slits and also by embedding an inverted U‐shaped parasitic structure in the air gap distance, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band that the antenna provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 120% (3–13.7 GHz). To create a single band‐notched property, a pair of step‐shaped slits was cut at the square radiating patch. Finally, by converting the inverted U‐shaped parasitic structure to the W‐shaped structure, good dual band‐notched function is achieved. The measured results reveal that the presented monopole antenna offers a very wide bandwidth around of 5–6 and 7.25–7.75 GHz to suppress any interference from wireless local area network and downlink of X‐band satellite communication systems, respectively. The designed antenna has a small size of 12 × 18 mm2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1168–1173, 2015
Characterization of terahertz antennas using photoinduced coded‐aperture imaging
Authors: Shams M. I. B. , Jiang Z. , Qayyum J. , Rahman S. M. , Xing H.G. , Hesler J. L. , Fay P. , Liu L.
Published: March 2015

We report a novel approach for characterization of terahertz (THz) antennas using the photoinduced coded‐aperture imaging (PI‐CAI) technique. For a prototype demonstration, a WR‐1.5 (500–750 GHz) diagonal horn antenna has been fully characterized. The THz beam radiated from the antenna was imaged using the PI‐CAI technique at different distances from the antenna aperture. The measured beam profiles show near‐Gaussian shapes, with the expected propagation properties. The far‐field antenna radiation patterns were then extracted from the far‐field beam image and compared with conventional measurement results, theoretical calculation and full‐wave simulation. Finally, the antenna Gaussian coupling efficiency was calculated to be ∼83% based on the two‐dimensional (2‐D) beam mapping technique. Antenna radiation parameters obtained using the above approach show good agreement with published literature and manufacturer datasheets, demonstrating the potential of the PI‐CAI approach for fast and accurate characterization of THz antennas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1180–1184, 2015
Optimization of dual resonance stacked patch resonator by neural hybridized bacteria foraging algorithm
Authors: Jain Satish K.
Published: March 2015

The novel design strategy of a stacked patch resonator working within satellite (X‐Ku) frequency band, through Escherichia coli bacteria‐based optimization technique is introduced. The resonator structure consists of two patches on the two different dielectric sheets and separated by the air‐gap having flexible width. For the implementation of the traditional bacteria foraging optimization algorithm, a objective‐function was needed, which was constructed with the help of back propagation algorithm of artificial neural network. Artificial neural network helps in finding the dual resonance frequency and optimizer in synchronization with neural network provides design variables for the proposed resonator in response to the designer‐specified dual frequency. The response of the hybridized methodology is cross‐evaluated with the help of IE3D simulator and experimentally measured data in the microwave laboratory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1191–1199, 2015
Dual‐band SICL branch‐line coupler
Authors: Wu Qi , Wang Haiming , Yu Chen , Zhang Xiaowei , Hong Wei
Published: March 2015

A dual‐band substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) 3‐dB branch‐line coupler and its compact realization are proposed in this letter. The SICL coupler with the compact structure shows a comparable performance and great size reduction compared with the conventional structure. The simulated and measured results match very well. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1246–1249, 2015
Matrix pencil method for chirp ISAR imaging with near‐field measurements
Authors: Tulgar Okyanus , Ergin Ahmet Arif
Published: March 2015

In this article, an algorithm is introduced for the chirp inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging with near‐field measurements. This algorithm uses the matrix pencil method that facilitates computation of range profiles with super resolution. Furthermore, an ISAR imaging method is developed, yielding higher resolution than the pencil and convolution back‐projection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1237–1242, 2015
Median filtering‐based methods for static background extraction from surveillance video
Authors: Li Xinxin , Ng Michael K. , Yuan Xiaoming
Published: March 2015

We propose some computational methods for extracting static backgrounds from surveillance videos corrupted by noise, blur, or both. The new methods are constructed based on the fact that the matrix representation of a static background consists of identical columns; hence the idea of median filtering is embedded in these methods. These new methods significantly differ from existing methods originating from the robust principal component analysis (RPCA) in that no nuclear‐norm term is involved; thus the computation of singular value decomposition can be completely avoided when solving these new models iteratively. This is an important feature because usually the dimensionality of a surveillance video is large and so the involved singular value decomposition (which is inevitable for RPCA‐based models) is very expensive computationally. We show that these methods can be easily solved by well‐developed operator splitting methods in optimization literature such as the alternating direction method of multipliers. We compare the new methods with their RPCA‐based counterparts via testing some synthetic and real videos. Our numerical results show that compared with RPCA‐based models, these median filtering‐based vaiational models can extract more accurate backgrounds when the background in a surveillance video is static, and numerically, they can be solved much more efficiently. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilizer Reactions in Cast Double Base Rocket Propellants. Part IV: A Comparison of Some Potential Secondary Stabilizers for Use with the Primary Stabilizer 2‐Nitrodiphenylamine
Authors: Bellamy A.J. , Sammour M.H. , Bellerby J.M.
Published: March 2015

Reaktionen des Stabilisators in gegossenen Doublebase‐Treibladungspulvern. IV. Vergleich einiger potentieller Sekundär‐Stabilisatoren für die Anwendung mit dem Primär‐Stabilisator 2‐Nitrodiphenylamin

Versuche werden beschrieben in der Absicht, die Wirksamkeit des Sekundär‐Stabilisators p‐Nitro‐N‐methylanilin (pNMA) und der potentiellen Sekundär‐Stabilisatoren p‐Nitro‐N‐ethylanilin (pNEA), 4‐Nitrodiphenylamin (4NDPA) und Resorcin zu vergleichen bei der Reduzierung der Abbaugeschwindigkeit des Primär‐Stabilisators 2‐Nitrodiphenylamin (2NDPA) in nitroglycerinhaltiger Acetonitrillösung bei Alterung bei 75°C. Die HPLC‐Bestimmung der Stabilisatorkonzentrationen als Funktion der Zeit zeigt, daß 4NDPA am meisten wirksam ist und deshalb erfolgreicher eingesetzt werden könnte als Sekundär‐Stabilisator in Nitratester‐Treibstoffen als das meist verwendete p‐NMA.
A privacy‐preserving distance‐based incentive scheme in opportunistic VANETs
Authors: Song Jun , He ChunJiao , Yang Fan , Zhang HuanGuo
Published: March 2015

Opportunistic vehicular ad hoc networks have attracted enormous attention from both industry and academia in recent years. However, the presence of selfish behaviors of nodes could cause a severe threat to well designed opportunistic routing scheme, and even jeopardize the whole network. This paper presents a privacy‐preserving distance‐based incentive scheme, particularly to address issues of the nodes' selfish behavior and the location privacy. The proposed protocol adopts secure multiparty computation and homomorphic encryption methods to realize three properties, i.e., the confidentiality of nodes location information, the integrity of the message carried distance, and the correctness of reputation computation. Furthermore, this incentive scheme can satisfy the following security requirements, such as mutual authentication, non‐repudiation, and conditional privacy preservation, and it can also stimulate the active helpers and suppress harmful behaviors fairly and reasonably. The security analysis and performance evaluation show that the proposed framework is secure, efficient, and practical. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size control: the developmental physiology of body and organ size regulation
Authors: Gokhale Rewatee H. , Shingleton Alexander W.
Published: March 2015

The developmental regulation of final body and organ size is fundamental to generating a functional and correctly proportioned adult. Research over the last two decades has identified a long list of genes and signaling pathways that, when perturbed, influence final body size. However, body and organ size are ultimately a characteristic of the whole organism, and how these myriad genes and pathways function within a physiological context to control size remains largely unknown. In this review, we first describe the major size‐regulatory signaling pathways: the Insulin/IGF‐, RAS/RAF/MAPK‐, TOR‐, Hippo‐, and JNK‐signaling pathways. We then explore what is known of how these pathways regulate five major aspects of size regulation: growth rate, growth duration, target size, negative growth and growth coordination. While this review is by no means exhaustive, our goal is to provide a conceptual framework for integrating the mechanisms of size control at a molecular‐genetic level with the mechanisms of size control at a physiological level. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:335–356. doi: 10.1002/wdev.181

This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing

Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms
Comorbidity–Polypharmacy Score as Predictor of Outcomes in Older Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Validation Study
Authors: Mubang Ronnie N. , Stoltzfus Jill C. , Cohen Marissa S. , Hoey Brian A. , Stehly Christy D. , Evans David C. , Jones Christian , Papadimos Thomas J. , Grell Jennifer , Hoff William S. , Thomas Peter , Cipolla James , Stawicki Stanislaw P.
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Traditional injury severity assessment is insufficient in estimating the morbidity and mortality risk for older (≥45 years) trauma patients. Commonly used tools involve complex calculations or tables, do not consider all comorbidities, and often rely on data that are not available early in the trauma patient’s hospitalization. The comorbidity–polypharmacy score (CPS), a sum of all pre‐injury medications and comorbidities, was found in previous studies to independently predict morbidity and mortality in this older patient population. However, these studies are limited by relatively small sample sizes. Consequently, we sought to validate previous research findings in a large, administrative dataset.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients ages ≥45 years was performed using an administrative trauma database from St. Luke’s University Hospital’s Level I Trauma Center. The study period was from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013. Abstracted data included patient demographics, injury mechanism and severity [injury characteristics and severity score (ISS)], Glasgow coma scale (GCS), hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay (HLOS and ILOS, respectively), morbidity, post‐discharge destination, and in‐hospital mortality. Univariate analyses were conducted with mortality, all‐cause morbidity, and discharge destination as primary end‐points. Variables reaching statistical significance (p ≤ 0.20) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Data are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs), with p < 0.05 denoting statistical significance.

Results

A total of 5863 patient records were analyzed. Average patient age was 68.5 ± 15.3 years (52 % male, 89 % blunt mechanism, mean GCS 14.3). Mean HLOS and ILOS increased significantly with increasing CPS (p < 0.01). Independent predictors of mortality included age (AOR 1.05, p < 0.01), CPS (per‐unit AOR 1.08, p < 0.02), GCS (AOR 1.43 per‐unit decrease, p < 0.01), and ISS (per‐unit 1.08, p < 0.01). Independent predictors of all‐cause morbidity included age (AOR 1.02, p < 0.01), GCS (AOR per‐unit decrease 1.08, p < 0.01), ISS (per‐unit AOR 1.09, p < 0.01), and CPS (per‐unit AOR 1.04, p < 0.01). CPS did not independently predict need for discharge to a facility.

Conclusions

This study confirms that CPS is an independent predictor of all‐cause morbidity and mortality in older trauma patients. However, CPS was not independently associated with need for discharge to a facility. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to evaluate the use of CPS as a predictive and interventional tool, with special focus on correlations between specific pre‐existing conditions, pharmacologic interactions, and morbidity/mortality patterns.
The Recording and Representation of Neolithic Engravings in the Déhus Passage Grave (Vale, Guernsey)
Authors: Cassen Serge , Grimaud Valentin , De Jersey Philip , Lescop Laurent
Published: March 2015

In the course of making a digital record of a bow engraved on the lower face of a capstone in the Déhus passage grave, on Guernsey, several new motifs were observed, necessitating a reinterpretation of the composition as a whole.

While the presence of a bow and two arrows is confirmed by photogrammetry and images obtained under directional lighting, the anthropomorphic figure can now be better defined, and compared to figures recently recognised in the Paris Basin. The presence of ‘hands’, however, cannot be confirmed, and these engravings may instead represent two horned animals in contact with two further motifs, one of which is certainly a throwing stick.
SOPHOCLES'TRACHINIAE: LESSONS IN LOVE
Authors: Mattison Kathryn
Published: March 2015

In 1936, T. B. L. Webster argued that Sophocles'Trachiniaehas strong allusions to Aeschylus'Agamemnon, particularly in the characters of Deianeira and Clytemnestra. Once identified, it is easy see: each kills her husband as he returns from battle, and in each case the death contains an element of entrapment. Heracles' poisoned robe indeed seems deliberately to reflect the famous net used to entrap Agamemnon: Heracles' description of it (οἷον τόδ᾽ ἡ δολῶπις Οἰνέως κόρη / καθῆψεν ὤμοις τοῖς ἐμοῖς Ἐρινύων / ὑϕαντὸν ἀμϕίβληστρον, ‘…this woven garment of the Erinyes which the treacherous daughter of Oineus fastened on my shoulders’;Trachiniae1050–2) is similar to Aegisthus' words near the end ofAgamemnon(ἰδὼν ὑϕαντοῖς ἐν πέπλοις Ἐρινύων / τὸν ἄνδρα τόνδε κείμενον ϕίλως ἐμοί, ‘…seeing this man lying in robes of the Erinyes, to my joy’; 1580–1). Even if the direct verbal allusion fails to resonate with an audience, it seems unlikely, given the high level of audience competence, that audience members would not make the thematic connection. It is almost impossible to deny, therefore, that in Deianeira Sophocles was writing a deliberate response to Clytemnestra and contrasting the accidental murder caused by a loving wife with the carefully planned murder by a bitter wife.
THE FEMALE VOICE OF JUSTICE IN ARATUS' PHAENOMENA
Authors: Faulkner Andrew
Published: March 2015

Aratus' striking mythical digression (96–136) in the Phaenomena on the constellation of the Maiden (Παρθένος), whom he identifies with the virginal Justice (Δίκη), stands out against the preceding technical description of star groups. The passage has unsurprisingly received the frequent notice of critics, with particular attention paid to the episode's relation to and refashioning of the Myth of Ages in Hesiod's Works and Days 106–201: one tale that circulates among men, so the narrator informs us (λόγος γε μὲν ἐντρέχει ἄλλος | ἀνθρώποις, 100–1), has the constellation qua Dike live among men and women in a Golden Age (101–14), withdraw to the mountains but still visit humans in a Silver Age (115–29), and then withdraw permanently to the sky (where, however, she is still visible) in a Bronze Age (129–36).
Evidence that the presence of psychosis in non-psychotic disorder is environment-dependent and mediated by severity of non-psychotic psychopathology
Authors: Guloksuz S. , van Nierop M. , Lieb R. , van Winkel R. , Wittchen H.-U. , van Os J.
Published: March 2015

Background

Evidence suggests that in affective, non-psychotic disorders: (i) environmental exposures increase risk of subthreshold psychotic experiences (PEs) and strengthen connectivity between domains of affective and subthreshold psychotic psychopathology; and (ii) PEs are a marker of illness severity.

Method

In 3021 adolescents from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology cohort, we tested whether the association between PEs and presence of DSM-IV mood disorder (MD)/obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) would be moderated by risk factors for psychosis (cannabis use, childhood trauma and urbanicity), using the interaction contrast ratio (ICR) method. Furthermore, we analysed whether the interaction between environment and PEs was mediated by non-psychotic psychopathology.

Results

The association between PEs and MD/OCD was moderated by urbanicity (ICR = 2.46, p = 0.005), cannabis use (ICR = 3.76, p = 0.010) and, suggestively, trauma (ICR = 1.91, p = 0.063). Exposure to more than one environmental risk factor increased the likelihood of co-expression of PEs in a dose–response fashion. Moderating effects of environmental exposures were largely mediated by the severity of general non-psychotic psychopathology (percentage explained 56–68%, all p < 0.001). Within individuals with MD/OCD, the association between PEs and help-seeking behaviour, as an index of severity, was moderated by trauma (ICR = 1.87, p = 0.009) and urbanicity (ICR = 1.48, p = 0.005), but not by cannabis use.

Conclusions

In non-psychotic disorder, environmental factors increase the likelihood of psychosis admixture and help-seeking behaviour through an increase in general psychopathology. The findings are compatible with a relational model of psychopathology in which more severe clinical states are the result of environment-induced disturbances spreading through a psychopathology network.
Urban chronicle writing in late medieval Flanders: the case of Bruges during the Flemish Revolt of 1482–1490
Authors: DEMETS LISA , DUMOLYN JAN
Published: March 2015

The absence of a ‘real’ urban chronicle tradition in fifteenth-century Flanders similar to the Italian or German models has raised questions among scholars. However, there is also no satisfactory consensus on the exact meaning or contents of medieval ‘urban historiography’. Some were ‘official’ city chronicles, while others lauded patrician lineages or took the viewpoint of specific social groups or corporate organizations and reinforced construction of the groups’ collective memories. Some seem to express the literary aspirations of individual city officials or clerics with strong connections to their towns. We propose an analytical framework to identify and measure the ‘urbanity’ of late medieval chronicles, taking into account the authorship and thematic emphasis of historiographical texts, but focusing on the social environment of their circulation and the ideological strategies at work.
Foreign Aid and Government Legitimacy
Authors: Dietrich Simone , Winters Matthew S.
Published: March 2015

Branding of foreign aid may undermine government legitimacy in developing countries when citizens see social services being provided by external actors. We run a survey experiment on a sample of Indian respondents. All subjects learn about an HIV/AIDS program; treated subjects learn that it was foreign-funded. We find null results that, along with existing results in the literature obtained from observational data, call into question the view that foreign-funded service delivery interferes with the development of a fiscal contract between the state and its citizens.
L'oxalate: un déchet organique peu soluble, avec conséquences
Authors: Lu Yimin , Bonny Olivier
Published: March 2015

Oxalat ist ein schwer wasserlösliches Stoffwechselprodukt, das durch die Nieren ausgeschieden wird. Störungen des Oxalatstoffwechsels treten in Form von intestinaler Hyperoxalurie (sekundär infolge Malabsorption, Magen-Bypass oder bei ungenügender Oxalobacter-Kolonisation), hereditärer Hyperoxalurie und als Intoxikationen (Ethylenglykol, Vitamin C) auf. Hyperoxalurie verursacht ein breites Spektrum von Krankheiten von isolierter Hyperoxalurie bis zu Nierensteinen und Nephrokalzinosebildung, was schliesslich zu Nierenversagen und systemischer Oxalose mit lebensbedrohlichen Ablagerungen in wichtigen Organen führen kann. Eine neue Ursache der Hyperoxalurie entstand mit der Magenbypass-Operation, die eine regelmässige und präemptive Überwachung erfordert. Die Behandlung einer Hyperoxalurie besteht in der Reduktion der Oxalataufnahme und in der Erhöhung der Kalziumzufuhr. Eine optimale Urinverdünnung und Supplementierung mit Inhibitoren der Nierensteinbildung (Zitrat) sind erforderlich. Spezifische Fälle können eine Vitamin-B6-Supplementierung und Zugabe von Probiotika erforderlich machen. Hausärzte sollten Fälle von rezidivierenden Kalziumoxalatsteinen und schwerer Hyperoxalurie erkennen und an spezialisierte Zentren weiterleiten.
Exploring the Boundaries of the Number–Temporal Order Association
Authors: Ganor-Stern Dana
Published: March 2015

Past research has shown that numbers are associated with order in time such that performance in a numerical comparison task is enhanced when number pairs appear in ascending order, when the larger number follows the smaller one. This was found in the past for the integers 1–9 ( Ben-Meir, Ganor-Stern, & Tzelgov, 2013 ; Müller & Schwarz, 2008 ). In the present study we explored whether the advantage for processing numbers in ascending order exists also for fractions and negative numbers. The results demonstrate this advantage for fraction pairs and for integer-fraction pairs. However, the opposite advantage for descending order was found for negative numbers and for positive-negative number pairs. These findings are interpreted in the context of embodied cognition approaches and current theories on the mental representation of fractions and negative numbers.
Imaging in Vivo Glutamate Fluctuations with [11C]ABP688: A GLT-1 Challenge with Ceftriaxone
Authors: Zimmer Eduardo R , Parent Maxime J , Leuzy Antoine , Aliaga Antonio , Aliaga Arturo , Moquin Luc , Schirrmacher Esther S , Soucy Jean-Paul , Skelin Ivan , Gratton Alain , Gauthier Serge , Rosa-Neto Pedro
Published: March 2015

Molecular imaging offers unprecedented opportunities for investigating dynamic changes underlying neuropsychiatric conditions. Here, we evaluated whether [11C]ABP688, a positron emission tomography (PET) ligand that binds to the allosteric site of the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), is sensitive to glutamate fluctuations after a pharmacological challenge. For this, we used ceftriaxone (CEF) administration in rats, an activator of the GLT-1 transporter (EAAT2), which is known to decrease extracellular levels of glutamate. MicroPET [11C]ABP688 dynamic acquisitions were conducted in rats after a venous injection of either saline (baseline) or CEF 200 mg/kg (challenge). Binding potentials (BPND) were obtained using the simplified reference tissue method. Between-condition statistical parametric maps indicating brain regions showing the highest CEF effects guided placement of microdialysis probes for subsequent assessment of extracellular levels of glutamate. The CEF administration increased [11C]ABP688 BPND in the thalamic ventral anterior (VA) nucleus bilaterally. Subsequent microdialysis assessment revealed declines in extracellular glutamate concentrations in the VA. The present results support the concept that availability of mGluR5 allosteric binding sites is sensitive to extracellular concentrations of glutamate. This interesting property of mGluR5 allosteric binding sites has potential applications for assessing the role of glutamate in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Towards engineering of self-assembled nanostructures using non-ionic dendritic amphiphiles
Authors: Thota Bala N. S. , Berlepsch Hans v. , Böttcher Christoph , Haag Rainer
Published: March 2015

We have reported on the formation of different self-assembled nanostructures by subtle changes in the structure of non-ionic dendritic amphiphiles.
Parallel mechanisms of polypyrrole self-discharge in aqueous media
Authors: Olsson H. , Qiu Z. , Strømme M. , Sjödin M.
Published: March 2015

Self-discharge of oxidized polypyrrole is composed of two parallel self-discharge mechanisms and their relative contributions depend on pH and potential.
A molecular dynamics study of guest–host hydrogen bonding in alcohol clathrate hydrates
Authors: Hiratsuka Masaki , Ohmura Ryo , Sum Amadeu K. , Alavi Saman , Yasuoka Kenji
Published: March 2015

Molecular dynamics simulations showed the significant impacts of the guest–host hydrogen bonding on the cage stability and vibrational spectra of the clathrate hydrates.
Highly efficient loading of doxorubicin in Prussian Blue nanocages for combined photothermal/chemotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Ming , Wang Qingtang , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Jingfeng
Published: March 2015

Doxorubicin-loaded Prussian Blue-based nanoparticles for combined photothermal/chemotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma.
Plasma-engineered MoS2 thin-film as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Tao Li , Duan Xidong , Wang Chen , Duan Xiangfeng , Wang Shuangyin
Published: March 2015

We successfully, for the first time, use plasma to engineer the surface properties of MoS2 as an efficient electrocatalyst.
N–H⋯π induced configurational isomerism and the role of temperature in the Z to E isomerization of 2-fluoro-N′-(3-fluorophenyl)benzimidamide
Authors: Dey Dhananjay , Chopra Deepak
Published: March 2015

The role of temperature in polymorphism and the isolation of configurational isomers of 2-fluoro-N′-(3-fluorophenyl)benzimidamide have been investigated.
Molecular functionalization of silicene/Ag(111) by covalent bonds: a DFT study
Authors: Stephan Régis , Hanf Marie-Christine , Sonnet Philippe
Published: March 2015

Thanks to differential functional theory calculations, we show that a benzene molecule can be chemisorbed in the butterfly configuration on the (3 × 3) silicene/(4 × 4) Ag(111) surface by means of two Si–C covalent bonds.
Can meta-omics help to establish causality between contaminant biotransformations and genes or gene products?
Authors: Johnson David R. , Helbling Damian E. , Men Yujie , Fenner Kathrin
Published: March 2015

There is increasing interest in using meta-omics association studies to investigate contaminant biotransformations.
Mild one-pot Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination and intramolecular N-arylation for the syntheses of indoles, all regio-isomeric azaindoles, and thienopyrroles
Authors: Choi Ji Hye , Lim Hwan Jung
Published: March 2015

Indoles, azaindoles, and thienopyrroles have been successfully synthesized using mild one-pot Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination and intramolecular N-arylations.
The effect of poling conditions on the performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters fabricated by wet chemistry
Authors: Fuentes-Fernandez Erika M. A. , Gnade Bruce E. , Quevedo-Lopez Manuel A. , Shah Pradeep , Alshareef H. N.
Published: March 2015

The effect of poling conditions on the power output of piezoelectric energy harvesters using sol–gel based Pb(Zr0.53,Ti0.47)O3–Pb(Zn1/3,Nb2/3)O3 piezoelectric thin-films has been investigated.
Different charge-storage mechanisms in disulfide vanadium and vanadium carbide monolayer
Authors: Ji Xiao , Xu Kui , Chen Chi , Zhang Bao , Wan Houzhao , Ruan Yunjun , Miao Ling , Jiang Jianjun
Published: March 2015

Associating the calculated PDOS and charge density with charge–discharge processes to understand the charge-storage mechanisms in VS2 and V2C monolayers.
Self-assembled c-axis oriented antiperovskite soft-magnetic CuNCo3 thin films by chemical solution deposition
Authors: Hui Zhenzhen , Tang Xianwu , Shao Dingfu , Wei Renhuai , Yang Jie , Tong Peng , Song Wenhai , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: March 2015

Self-assembled c-axis oriented ternary antiperovskite soft-magnetic CuNCo3 thin films with a Curie temperature higher than 650 K by a chemical solution method.
Dynamic radial positioning of a hydrodynamically focused particle stream enabled by a three-dimensional microfluidic nozzle
Authors: Hebert C. G. , Staton S. J. R. , Hudson T. Q. , Hart S. J. , Lopez-Mariscal C. , Terray A.
Published: March 2015

The ability to confine flows and focus particle streams has become an integral component of the design of microfluidic systems for the analysis of a wide range of samples. Presented here is the implementation of a 3D microfluidic nozzle capable of both focusing particles as well as dynamically positioning those particles in selected flow lamina within the downstream analysis channel. Through the independent adjustment of the three sheath inlet flows, the nozzle controlled the size of a focused stream for 6, 10, and 15 μm polystyrene microparticles. Additional flow adjustment allowed the nozzle to dynamically position the focused particle stream to a specific area within the downstream channel. This unique ability provides additional capability and sample flexibility to the system. In order to gain insight into the fluidic behavior of the system, experimental conditions and results were duplicated within 4.75 μm using a COMSOL Multiphysics® model to elucidate the structure, direction, proportion, and fate of fluid lamina throughout the nozzle region. The COMSOL Multiphysics model showed that the position and distribution of particles upon entering the nozzle have negligible influence over its focusing ability, extending the experimental results into a wider range of particle sizes and system flow rates. These results are promising for the application of this design to allow for a relatively simple, fast, fully fluidically controlled nozzle for selective particle focusing and positioning for further particle analysis and sorting.
A methodology for high resolution digital image correlation in high temperature experiments
Authors: Blaber Justin , Adair Benjamin S. , Antoniou Antonia
Published: March 2015

We propose a methodology for performing high resolution Digital Image Correlation (DIC) analysis during high-temperature mechanical tests. Specifically, we describe a technique for producing a stable, high-quality pattern on metal surfaces along with a simple optical system that uses a visible-range camera and a long-range microscope. The results are analyzed with a high-quality open-source DIC software developed by us. Using the proposed technique, we successfully acquired high-resolution strain maps of the crack tip field in a nickel superalloy sample at 1000 °C.
Invariant manifolds and global bifurcations
Authors: Guckenheimer John , Krauskopf Bernd , Osinga Hinke M. , Sandstede Björn
Published: March 2015

Invariant manifolds are key objects in describing how trajectories partition the phase spaces of a dynamical system. Examples include stable, unstable, and center manifolds of equilibria and periodic orbits, quasiperiodic invariant tori, and slow manifolds of systems with multiple timescales. Changes in these objects and their intersections with variation of system parameters give rise to global bifurcations. Bifurcation manifolds in the parameter spaces of multi-parameter families of dynamical systems also play a prominent role in dynamical systems theory. Much progress has been made in developing theory and computational methods for invariant manifolds during the past 25 years. This article highlights some of these achievements and remaining open problems.
External circuit integration with electromagnetic particle in cell modeling of plasma focus devices
Authors: Seng Y. S. , Lee P. , Rawat R. S.
Published: March 2015

The pinch performance of a plasma focus (PF) device is sensitive to the physical conditions of the breakdown phase. It is therefore essential to model and study the initial phase in order to optimize device performance. An external circuit is self consistently coupled to the electromagnetic particle in cell code to model the breakdown and initial lift phase of the United Nations University/International Centre for Theoretical Physics (UNU-ICTP) plasma focus device. Gas breakdown during the breakdown phase is simulated successfully, following a drop in the applied voltage across the device and a concurrent substantial rise in the circuit current. As a result, the plasma becomes magnetized, with the growing value of the magnetic field over time leading to the gradual lift off of the well formed current sheath into the axial acceleration phase. This lifting off, with simultaneous outward sheath motion along the anode and vertical cathode, and the strong magnetic fields in the current sheath region, was demonstrated in this work, and hence validates our method of coupling the external circuit to PF devices. Our method produces voltage waveforms that are qualitatively similar to the observed experimental voltage profiles of the UNU-ICTP device. Values of the mean electron energy before and after voltage breakdown turned out to be different, with the values after breakdown being much lower. In both cases, the electron energy density function turned out to be non-Maxwellian.
Generation of ultra-high-pressure shocks by collision of a fast plasma projectile driven in the laser-induced cavity pressure acceleration scheme with a solid target
Authors: Badziak J. , Rosiński M. , Krousky E. , Kucharik M. , Liska R. , Ullschmied J.
Published: March 2015

A novel, efficient method of generating ultra-high-pressure shocks is proposed and investigated. In this method, the shock is generated by collision of a fast plasma projectile (a macro-particle) driven by laser-induced cavity pressure acceleration (LICPA) with a solid target placed at the LICPA accelerator channel exit. Using the measurements performed at the kilojoule PALS laser facility and two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, it is shown that the shock pressure ∼ Gbar can be produced with this method at the laser driver energy of only a few hundred joules, by an order of magnitude lower than the energy needed for production of such pressure with other laser-based methods known so far.
On spatial segregation of vortices and pressure eddies in a confined slot jet
Authors: Hanjalić K. , Mullyadzhanov R.
Published: March 2015

A vortex in fluids is usually associated with pressure minimum, a presumption that served for defining various criteria for eduction of vortices and coherent structures in turbulence. We demonstrate that in a shallow confined turbulent slot jet, the dominant vortical structures may detach from pressure eddies. The numerical simulations show that pressure field proceeds by its own dynamics in which the irrotational contribution gradually takes over the weakened rotational effect of the wall-damped planar jet-edge vortices. Pressure sources move with their own velocity creating depressions and domes, the latter acting as “obstacles” that enhance jet meandering. The pressure zig-zag pattern is only weakly reinforced by the decaying planar vortices.