bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study to Assess the Nutritional Status of Urban and Rural Pre-school Children
Authors:   Professor, St. Mary's College of Nursing, Lucknow, Jaspher M Justin
Published: September 2021

Background of the Study: Stunting, wasting, and underweight are the important nutritional status indicators for children. “While stunting is caused by long-term insufficient nutrient intake and repeated infections, wasting is a result of acute food shortage and illness. Wasting, on the other hand, is a strong predictor of mortality and requires urgent response. Underweight combines information about linear growth obstruction and weight for length/height” [7]. Understanding differences in the determinants of childhood malnutrition between urban and rural areas is important to design appropriate, relevant program and policy implementation. Aims & Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess and compare the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among pre-school children in rural and urban area. Methodology: Convenient random sampling technique was used to gather data in 100 samples, 50 each from rural and urban population. Data was collected by using structured interview and anthropometric assessment. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, i.e., demographic data and questions regarding anthropometric assessment, age, height, weight etc. The three nutritional status indicators, HAZ - z-score for height-for-age, (Stunting), WAZ - z-score for weight for age (Underweight), WHZ- z – score weight for height (Wasting) were calculated using WHO Anthro survey application. Results: This study revealed that Prevalence of acute malnutrition (stunting) among rural pre-school children is 28% which was higher than the prevalence of acute malnutrition in urban pre-school children which was only 18 %. Prevalence of Underweight among rural pre-school children is 36% which was higher than the prevalence of underweight in urban pre-school children which was only 34 %. Prevalence of chronic malnutrition (wasting) among rural pre-school children is 32% which was lower than the prevalence of chronic malnutrition in urban pre-school children in which it was 46%. There is no significant association between the nutritional status of the rural and urban pre-school children with the selected demographic variables. This indicates even though there was a significant difference between the rural and urban pre-school children, both group of children are at the risk of one or other malnutrition related problems. Conclusion: This study suggests that even though there was a significant difference between the rural and urban pre-school children, both group of children are at the risk of one or other malnutrition problem.
A Study on Opinion Spamming: Fake Consumer Review Detection
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India, Bisht Aditya S.
Published: September 2021

Online audits are the most important wellsprings of data about client feelings and are considered the columns on which the standing of an association is assembled. From a client's viewpoint, audit data is vital to settle on an appropriate choice with respect to an online buy. Surveys are for the most part thought to be a fair-minded assessment of a person's very own involvement in an item, however, the fundamental truth about these audits recounts an alternate story. Spammers abuse these audit stages unlawfully on account of impetuses engaged with composing counterfeit surveys, subsequently attempting to acquire a bit of leeway over contenders bringing about an unstable development of assessment spamming. This training is known as Opinion (Review) Spam, where spammers control and toxic substance surveys (i.e., making phony, untruthful, or misleading audits) for benefit or gain. It has become a typical practice for individuals to discover and to understand assessments/surveys on the Web for some reason. For instance, in the event that one needs to purchase an item, one commonly goes to a vendor or audit site (e.g., amazon.com) to peruse a few surveys of existing clients of the item. In the event that one sees numerous positive audits of the item, one is probably going to purchase the item. Notwithstanding, in the event that one sees many negative surveys, he/she will in all probability pick another item. Positive suppositions can bring about huge monetary benefits and additionally popularities for associations and people. This, sadly, offers great motivating forces for input spam. Most of the momentum research has zeroed in on regulated learning strategies, which require named information, a shortage with regards to online survey spam. Examination of techniques for Big Data is of revenue, since there are a huge number of online audits, with a lot seriously being produced every day. Until now, we have not discovered any papers that review the impacts of Big Data examination for survey spam identification. The essential objective of this paper is to give a solid and far-reaching similar investigation of flow research on identifying audit spam utilizing different AI procedures and to devise a strategy for directing further examination.
Characterizing and Predicting Reviews for Effective Product Marketing and Advancement
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India, Suhail Aihsan
Published: September 2021

In the present made world, dependably, individuals around the planet grant through different stages on the Web. It has been addressed, about 71% of by and large online customers read online surveys going before buying a thing. Thing considers, particularly the early surveys (i.e., the investigations posted at the beginning time of a thing), astoundingly impact coming about thing deals. We call the clients who posted the early examinations as "early investigators". Be that as it may, early specialists contribute just a little level of surveys, their feelings can pick the achievement or disappointment of new things and associations. It is immense for relationship to perceive early spectators since their responses can assist relationship with changing publicizing frameworks and improve thing plans, which can at last incite the accomplishment of their new things. And in dependably, a mass extent of unstructured information is made. This information is as text, which is accumulated from get-togethers, online media regions, surveys. Such information is named as gigantic information. Client feelings are identified with a wide degree of spotlights like on express things also. These investigations can be mined utilizing different movements and are of everything considered significance to make checks since they unmistakably pass on the perspective of the bigger part. Online outlines moreover have become a basic wellspring of data for clients going before settling on an educated buy choice. Early examiner's appraisals and their got strength scores are apparently going to influence thing notoriety. The test is to assemble all the audits, in like way find and investigate the assessments, to locate something refined, that scores high evaluating.
An Integrative Decision Support Model for Smart Agriculture Based on Internet of Things and Machine Learning
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India, Saqib Sadaf
Published: September 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) has achieved an upset in a considerable lot of the circles of our current lives, like automobiles, medical services offices, home automation, retail, education, manufacturing, and many more. The Agriculture and Farming ventures significantly affect the acquaintance of the IoT with the world. Machine learning (ML) is a part of artificial intelligence (AI) that permits software applications to turn out to be more precise at foreseeing results without being expressly customized to do as such. It uses historical data as input to predict new result values. In the event, a specific industry has sufficient recorded information to help the machine "learn", AI or ML can create outstanding outcomes. Farming is likewise one such important industry profiting and advancing from machine learning at large. ML can possibly add to the total lifecycle of farming, at all phases. This incorporates computer vision, automated irrigation, and harvesting, predicting the soil, weather, temperature, moisture values, and robots for picking off the crude harvest. In this paper, I'll work on a smart agricultural information monitoring framework that gathers the necessary information from the IoT sensors set in the field, measures it, and drives it, from where it streams to store in the cloud space. The information is then shipped off the prediction module where the necessary analysis is done using ML algorithms and afterward sent to the UI for its corresponding application.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Approaches for Sentiment Analysis Using Twitter Data on COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors:   Department of Computer Science Engineering, BBD University, Lucknow, India, Mishra Amrita
Published: September 2021

Sentiment Analysis has paved routes for opinion analysis of masses over unrestricted territorial limits. With the advent and growth of social media like Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, Snapchat in today’s world, stakeholders and the public often takes to expressing their opinion on them and drawing conclusions. While these social media data are extremely informative and well connected, the major challenge lies in incorporating efficient Text Classification strategies which not only overcomes the unstructured and humongous nature of data but also generates correct polarity of opinions (i.e. positive, negative, and neutral). This paper is a thorough effort to provide a brief study about various approaches to SA including Machine Learning, Lexicon Based, and Automatic Approaches. The paper also highlights the comparison of positive, negative, and neutral tweets of the Sputnik V, Moderna, and Covaxin vaccines used for preventive and emergency use of COVID-19 disease.
A Review on the use of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Brain MRI Analysis
Authors:   Department of Computer Science Engineering, BBD University, Lucknow, India, Agarwal Shruti
Published: September 2021

Over the past 20 years, the global research going on in Artificial Intelligence in applications in medication is a venue internationally, for medical trade and creating an energetic research community. The Artificial Intelligence in Medicine magazine has posted a massive amount. This paper gives an overview of the history of AI applications in brain MRI analysis to research its effect at the wider studies discipline and perceive de-manding situations for its destiny. Analysis of numerous articles to create a taxonomy of research subject matters and results was done. The article is classed which might be posted between 2000 and 2018 with this taxonomy. Analyzed articles have excessive citations. Efforts are useful in figuring out popular studies works in AI primarily based on mind MRI analysis throughout specific issues. The biomedical prognosis was ruled by way of knowledge engineering research in its first decade, whilst gadget mastering and records mining prevailed thereafter. Together these two topics have contributed a lot to the latest medical domain.
Ordering of Huge Biometric Information in Database System
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering., Integral University, Lucknow, India, Alam Varisha
Published: September 2021

The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words 'bios' and 'metric' which means living and calculation appropriately. Biometrics is the electronic identification of individuals based on their physiological and biological features. Biometric attributes are data take out from biometric test which can be used for contrast with a biometric testimonial. Biometrics composed methods for incomparable concede humans based upon one or more inherent material or behavioral characteristics. In Computer Science, bio-metrics is employed as a kind of recognition access management and access command. Biometrics has quickly seemed like an auspicious technology for attestation and has already found a place in the most sophisticated security areas. A systematic clustering technique has been there for partitioning huge biometric databases throughout recognition. As we tend to are still obtaining a higher bin-miss rate, so this work is predicated on conceiving an ordering strategy for recognition of huge biometric databases with larger precision. This technique is based on the modified B+ tree that decreases the disk accesses. It reduced the information retrieval time and feasible error rates. The ordering technique is employed to proclaims a person’s identity with a reduced rate of differentiation instead of searching the whole database. The response time degenerates, further-more because the accuracy of the system deteriorates as the size of the database increases. Hence, for vast applications, the requirement to reduce the database to a little fragment seems to attain higher speeds and improved accuracy.
Facebook an Anti-Stereotyping Tool: A Case Study
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Babu Banarasi Das University, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, India, Khan Mohd Sahid
Published: September 2021

Facebook, the most popular social media (SM) platform has penetrated every nook and corner of the world. SM is now treated as the ‘fifth Estate’, other than legislative, executive, judiciary, and mainstream media. The power of SM as a critique is widely acknowledged. Establishments are finding it difficult to deal with it at times. Due to its ease of usage and relative anonymity, the general public finds it very convenient to put across their viewpoints, even if it’s against the establishment. Some establishments at times are at loggerheads with champions of freedom of speech including civil rights activists. SM has been used for propaganda, marketing, and awareness campaigns. In this paper, we are proposing to use this powerful tool towards social change. Through a case study, a detailed process is being proposed for using social media, particularly Facebook as an anti-stereotyping tool. The response to an online survey, the outcome of opinion mining, and the enthusiastic response to our case study by the targeted audience validate our hypothesis that Facebook can be effectively utilized as an anti-stereotyping tool.
Facial Recognition in Public Areas
Authors:   Department of Computer Applications, NIT Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, India, Mehta Munish
Published: September 2021

The security of information nowadays is very significant and difficult, so there are a number of ways to improve security. Especially in public areas like airports, railway stations, Universities, ATMs, etc. and security cameras are presently common in these areas. So, in this paper, we are presenting how Facial recognition can be used in public areas like airports, toll gates, offices, etc. We are comparing or matching a face of a person who we want to detect, with the video which is recorded through CCTV. There are certain algorithms to detect faces from video like through HAAR cascades, eigenface, fisher face, etc. open-source computer vision library is used for facial recognition.
Rainfall Analysis and Forecasting Using Deep Learning Technique
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, MIT ADT University, Pune, India, Kanchan Pragati
Published: September 2021

Rainfall forecasting is very challenging due to its uncertain nature and dynamic climate change. It's always been a challenging task for meteorologists. In various papers for rainfall prediction, different Data Mining and Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been used. These techniques show better predictive accuracy. A deep learning approach has been used in this study to analyze the rainfall data of the Karnataka Subdivision. Three deep learning methods have been used for prediction such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) - Feed Forward Neural Network, Simple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) optimized RNN Technique. In this paper, a comparative study of these three techniques for monthly rainfall prediction has been given and the prediction performance of these three techniques has been evaluated using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE%) and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE%). The results show that the LSTM Model shows better performance as compared to ANN and RNN for Prediction. The LSTM model shows better performance with mini-mum Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE%) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE%).
Deep Learning based Method for Multi-class Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Damodara Komal
Published: September 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a form of diabetes with secondary microvascular complication leading to renal dysfunction and retinal loss also termed as diabetic retinopathy. Retinopathy is grave form of retinal disease. It is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Blockage of tiny minute retinal blood vessels due to the high blood sugar level is the reason why retinopathy leads to blindness or loss of vision. This study serves the purpose of deep learning-based diagnosis of Diabetic retinopathy using the fundus imaging of the eye. In this study architectures such as VGG 16 and VGG 19 are deployed in order to classify the images into 5 categories. The performance of the two models were compared. The highest accuracy is 77.67% when using the VGG 16 pre-trained model.
The Perceptions of Pre-service Teachers on Bachelor of Education Program in Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Pakistan
Authors: R. Robledo Dave Arthur , Muhammad Ghulam , Ur Rahman Aftab
Published: September 2021

The provision of quality teachers by teacher preparation programs determines the quality of education in schools. The study aimed to define trainee teachers' beliefs about teacher education and include recommendations for improving teacher education, giventhe importance of teacher education for the quality of education in educational institutions. The study included 45 trainee teachers from Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University's education department in Dir upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 30 people were chosen for inclusion in the analysis using a purposive random sampling method. A questionnaire was developed, validated, and piloted to ensure its accuracy. The information was gathered using self-administered questionnaires and evaluated using mean ratings, standard deviation, and the chi-square significance test. The study found that trainee teachers in the institute are satisfied with their needs and demands through teacher education, that teacher education curricula are tailored to the needs of trainee teachers, that subject content courses are appropriate, that the scope of teaching practicum is broad, that training is linked to practical school experiences, and that school management courses are offered. The pedagogy courses help trainee teachers improve their teaching skills, and they receive adequate training in evaluation methods. There are also quality academic research activities. The study suggested that trainee teachers attend orientation sessions to learn about their needs and demands,which could be met through teacher preparation. Teacher education curricula are revised to provide more realistic exposure to the school's atmosphere and activities.Keywords:bachelor of education, beliefs, teacher education, trainee-teachers
Classroom Management Practices of Secondary School Teachers in District Swat
Authors: Iqbal Asad , Ullah Atta , Zeb Alam
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to investigate teachers' classroom management strategies atsecondary level. The study's objectives were; to find out the classroom management strategies of secondary schools' teachers, identify problems in the classroom management of secondary schools' teachersand suggest strategies for effective classroom management atsecondary level. The population of the study was 5623 male secondary schools' teachers of district Swat. The researchers randomly selected a sample of 100 teachers through simple random sampling for the study and developed a questionnaire to collect data. The data were gathered with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed with frequency, percentages and Chi-square test. The study found the classroom management strategies of teachers as interactive discussion before classes, in the beginning,development of class rules in consultation with students, assigning individual, pair and group work to students, giving respect to the questions and answers of students and the use of body language to control misbehavior in their classes.It identified the problem of difficulty in establishing rapport with students in the beginning of the classes and suggested the strategies of interactive discussion, development of rules in consultation with students, assigning roles to students, use of body gestures and provision of pleasure environment in classes for effective classroom management. Keywords:classroom management, district Swat, practices, secondary schools teachers
An Assessment of School-Community Relationship in the Public Secondary Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Rahman Abdur , Ali Arshad , Zeb Alam
Published: September 2021

Human relationships directly influences the success of educational organization and therefore, constructive partnership of instructors, administrators, heads, and students is required to ensure the efficient achievement of academic goals. Keeping in view the significant influence of school-community relationship on schools’ performance, the study investigated school-community relationship in secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The objectives of the study were to explore school-community relationship in secondary schools and recommend strategies for effective school-community relationship. The study used mixed methods explanatory sequential design. The population of the study were all the 361 heads of secondary schools in KhyberPakhtunkhwa. A sample of 65 heads was selected with simple randomly, while for qualitative data 10 heads were selected. Data were collected with self-developed questionnaires and semi-structured interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed with percentages and chi-squaretest while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study found that school-community relationship was not friendly as didn’t collaborate with school administrators and teachers, parents, community, PTCs, and BOGs were not cooperative for schools,educational authorites at district and provincial level didn’t satisfy the needs of the school and political leaders and their influence destroyed the environment of school for learning. The study recommended active community participation in affairs of the school, friendly attitude of authorities and supportive role of policy makers for the betterment of school-community relationship in secondary schools.Keywords: assessment, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,relationship, secondary schools
The Administrative Role of Principals: Insights and Implication in Secondary Schools Mardan District
Authors: Samrat Ray , Muhammad Ghulam , Adnan Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Secondary schools are educational establishments tasked with preparing students for postsecondary education and professional training. Principalsare the primary stakeholders entrusted with administrative positions in secondary schools to meet society's demands and provide quality education to students. The study aimed to examine the administrative function of principals in secondary schools in Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in light of their organizational role at the secondary level. The study's goals were to look at the administrative position of secondary school principals and suggest methods for more effective secondary school administration. The research included 100 government male high school principals from the Mardan district. A reliable instrument was developed, validated, andpilot tested. The information was gathered using a unique administration instrument and evaluated using mean scores, standard deviation, and the chi-square test. The study discovered that principalsplay a primarily administrative function in high school administration. They develop the school's vision and mission, provided school facilities, organize the teaching-learning process, plan co-curricular activities, supervise school activities, identify students' needs and demands, maintain the school's records, ensure financial management, collaborate with parents and society, coordinate with educational authorities, track, and evaluate the school's activities. For effective secondary school administration, the study proposed providing instruction for new principals at the time of admission and capacity building for current principals in financial management, record keeping, staff management, service law, and ICT skills.Keywords:administrative role, Mardan, Pakistan, principals, secondary schools
Educational Challenges in Pakistan: Facts or Falsity
Authors: Cheng Aw Yoke , Muhammad Ghulam , Ur Rahman Aftab
Published: September 2021

This is a review type research focusing on educational problems in Pakistan. Fifteen related researches were sampled. Education lays the basis for every country's political, social, and economic growth. A sustainable school framework allows the country to accomplish national targets. As a developing world, Pakistan has faced crucial educational problems since its birth, so the education system has struggled to perform on the nation's expectations. Until now, schooling at any stage trains the individual for the next level until he brings the person to tertiary industry; therefore, there is a strong link with Pakistan's education and growth; obviously, the indicator doesn't reflect positive outcomes. There is an untrained teaching workforce with fluctuating enrollments and limited-resource facilitation, a dual educational medium, inadequate assessment mechanism, and government allocating low budgets to the education system. It was conluded that Pakistan has serious educational problems. Suggestions were made based on the findings. Moreover, there is a shortage of study that encourages innovative methods of handling decision-making, and gender inequality is often seen as an issue that cannot be ignored, so this subject is chosen as a domain to focus on and advice to address. Keywords: development, education, educational budget, educational problems, Pakistan
Combating the Harassment of Women at Workplace: An Analysis of Legislation in Pakistan
Authors: Naz Ali Rafia , Wajahat Johar , Jan Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The 3 P's, i.e., the security, promotion, and provision of fundamental rights to its people, are widely regarded as the hallmarks of an effective legal system. These 3Ps are enforced in both formal and informal legal structures. Gender-based violence (GBV) at work is the most well-known form of GBV in our culture, which is marked by patriarchy and gender segregation. When harassment occurs in the workplace, it makes a female's working experience unpleasant, harmful, and aggressive. It makes it difficult for her to obtain a legitimate position and respect in the workplace. According to a survey, 77 percent of Pakistani women employed in different occupations are unaware of their human rights in cases of sexual abuse. According to the National Commission on the Status of Women, 50 percent of women interviewed from the public and private sectors had been sexually harassed and were hesitant to report the truth. The Protection against Harassment of Women at Workplace Act of 2010 was enacted in Pakistan's history to protect women from mischief and ensure a safe workplace. It manifested constitutional protections enlisted under Fundamental rights. Non-traditional job structures, such as farm work, domestic and home-based work, are part of Pakistan's socio-economic culture. Even on non-traditional job bases, the Act of 2010 made it possible to directly contact the Office of Ombudsperson or file a criminal complaint. This article aims to examine the current state and efficacy of workplace discrimination legislation.
A Hybrid Approach for Neural Network in Pattern Storage
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, Sachdeva Kumud , Aggarwal Shruti ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab
Published: September 2021

Your mind does not manufacture mind. Your mind forms neural networks. Neural networks had been effectively carried out to numerous sample garage and type troubles in phrases in their mastering ability, excessive discrimination electricity, and exceptional generalization ability. The achievement of many mastering schemes isn't always assured, however, seeing that algorithms like backpropagation have many drawbacks like stepping into the nearby minima, for that reason imparting suboptimal solutions. In the case of classifying big sets and complicated patterns, the traditional neural networks are afflicted by numerous problems inclusive of the dedication of the shape and length of the network, the computational complexity, and so on. This paper introduces the neural computing techniques especially radial foundation features network. Various upgrades and trends made in an artificial neural network for rushing up training, keeping off neighborhood minima, growing the generalization capacity, and different capabilities are reviewed.
A Cognitive Research Tendency in Data Management of Sensor Network
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, India, Paul Subhra Prosun , Aggarwal Dr. Shruti ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, India
Published: September 2021

In today’s World sensor networks offer various opportunities for data management applications because of their low cost, reliability, scalability, high-speed data processing, and other versatile advantageous purposes. It is a great challenge to organize data effectively and to retrieve the appropriate data from the large volume of various data sets in ad-hoc network databases, mobile databases, etc. The sensor network is necessary for routing of data, performance analysis of data management activities, and data incorporation for the right application. Data management involves intranet and extranet query handling, data access mechanism, modeling of data, different data movement algorithm, data warehousing, and data mining of network database. Additionally, connectivity, design, and lifetime are important issues for sensor networks to perform all data management activities smoothly. In this paper, we are trying to give a cognitive research tendency of Sensor network data management in the last two decades considering all the challenges and issues of both sensor network database and data management functions using Scopus and Web of Science database. To analyze data, different assessments are done considering various parameters like the author, time, publication and citation number, place, source, document separately for Web of Science and Scopus database in global perspective. It is noticed that there is a significant growth of research in data management for sensor networks because of the popularity of this topic.
Cybersecurity in Networking Devices
Authors:   Department of CSE, Chandigarh University, Punjub, India, Badhon Afroj Jahan ,   Department of CSE, Chandigarh University, Punjub, India, Aggarwal Dr. Shruti ,   Department of CSE, Chandigarh University, Punjub, India
Published: September 2021

Cybersecurity is training defensive arrangements, systems, and plans to save the information from cyber outbreaks. These virtual outbreaks are typically intended to retrieve, alter, or otherwise extinguish delicate data, extracting currency from manipulators, or disturb usual commercial procedures. System Security defends one’s system and information from breaks, interruptions also other intimidations. Network Security contains admission controller, computer virus and defiant computer virus software program, system safety, system analytics, system-connected protection categories, firewalls, and VPN encoding. System substructure strategies stand the mechanisms of a net that conveyance transportations desired intended for information, submissions, facilities, and multimedia. In this paper, we reflect on Cybersecurity in Networking Devices.
Longing for Haute Finance in the 21st Century? A Neo-Polanyian Approach to the Theory of Money in the Digital Age
Authors: Nakayama Chikako
Published: September 2021

This article examines the Libra project, which was announced by Facebook in 2019 as an important turning point in the development of digital currency since Bitcoin. Libra is a kind of stablecoin, and it has been identified as a global stablecoin owing to its wide-ranging impact on the dimension of global finance. Because the Libra project aims to offer a globally accessible low-cost payment system for all users, we analyse it in the research area of global finance with a qualitative approach to the history of economic theories of money and finance. In this area, Karl Polanyi’s thoughts on money and finance and the interpretation by Saiag, which he called a neo-Polanyian approach, deserve attention. Taking this approach, we understand that unofficial functions of haute finance played a significant role in sustaining the international and interdependent financial system in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In this context, although it also saved colonized and dependent regions from falling into financial crises, it was not socially helpful for them. If Libra wants to be the haute finance of our age in the real sense of serving to bring about financial inclusion, such a point should be considered. However, for the moment, existing international monetary institutions are only keen to take regulatory measures against the risk of dirty transactions. There is a substantial lacuna of publicness in the discussion, and this needs to be filled in in the near future.
Suicide risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: A narrative review
Authors: Barros Solange , De Carvalho Jozélio Freire
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Despite the medical and scientific advances, the disease’s restrictions and the perception of personal and social losses related to its course reinforce fear and generate intense suffering in lupus patients. Psychiatric comorbidities, especially major depressive episodes, are highly prevalent during systemic lupus erythematosus. Among them, suicide is a behavior that is much more common than we believe.Objective: To perform a narrative review on suicidal behavior associated with systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE).Results: Studies have shown an increased risk of suicide among patients with chronic diseases and psychiatric disorders, especially depression. However, suicide cannot be attributed only to a higher prevalence of depression and other mental illnesses. Therefore, it is necessary to learn more about the suicide risk factors present in patients with lupus to work on secondary prevention and avoid the premature loss of lives and the additional suffering of families and surrounding communities. The coordination between the studies on suicidal behavior and its intricate network of individual and sociocultural factors and the studies on this multisystem autoimmune disease with a broad manifestation spectrum, lupus, creates new and essential field research.Conclusions: Non-psychiatrist office-based physicians, health clinics, or wards dedicated to the treatment of SLE should recognize and handle the suicide risk factors on their patients to reduce the suffering caused by this disease.
Effect of Backward Design With Virtual Learning Ecosystem to Enhance Design Thinking and Innovation Skills
Authors: Chunpungsuk Chananchida , Chatwattana Pinanta , Piriyasurawong Pallop
Published: September 2021

The backward design with virtual learning ecosystem aims to enhance design and innovative ideas as an application that simulates a virtual learning environment where students can interact with the simulated environment using their smartphones and digital goggles. This approach allows continuous, limitless self-learning based on cloud computing and social network, a guideline for the 21st century skill training that focuses on the learner, and enhance design and innovative ideas. This research aims were to (1) develop a backward design with virtual learning ecosystem to enhance design thinking and innovation skills, (2) study posttest learning achievement after application of the backward design with virtual learning ecosystem to enhance design thinking and innovation skill, (3) study design thinking skills assessment of students after using the backward design with virtual learning ecosystem to enhance design thinking and innovation skills, and (4) study posttest innovation of students after using backward design with virtual learning ecosystem to enhance design thinking and innovation skills. The sample group in this study is divided into 2 groups, i.e., (1) the seven experts in design and development of information technology media and technology digital media selected from various educational institutes, and (2) the 20 undergraduates from Digital Media Technology Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Muban Chombueng Rajabhat University currently enrolled in the DMT60711 Development of Mobile Application course.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Nelson Joe
Published: September 2021

World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 11, Number 2Andrés Canga, University of La Rioja, SpainChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDon Anton Balida, Oman Tourism College, OmanElena Alcalde Peñalver, University of Alcalá, SpainEmine Bala, Tishk International University, IraqGhadah Al Murshidi, The United Arab Emirates University, UAEHameed Yahya Ahmed Al-Zubeiry, Al-Baha University, Saudi ArabiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaJasna Potocnik Topler, University of Maribor, SloveniaKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKenan Yerli, Sakarya University, TurkeyLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALi Ping Chang, Department of Applied Foreign Languages, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanMaria del Mar Sanchez Ramos, University of Alcalá, SpainMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, Al-Andalus Institute of Languages University of Lahore, PakistanMaría Luisa Carrió, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, SpainMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMustafa Ar, Ar-Raniry State Islamic University, IndonesiaNitin Malhotra, St. Theresa International College, Bangkok, ThailandÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Foreign Languages Department, TurkeyPatnarin Supakorn, Walailak University, ThailandPham Vu Phi Ho, Van Lang University, VietnamScott-Monkhouse Anila Ruth, Language Centre – University of Parma (Italy), ItalyŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaTeguh Budiharso, State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) of Surakarta, Indonesia, IndonesiaWafi Fhaid Alshammari, University of Ha’il, Saudi ArabiaWenjie Shi, Central University of Finance and Economics, China
The Use of Listening Comprehension Strategies in Distance Language Education
Authors: Deregözü Aysel
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the listening comprehension strategies used by foreign language learners who are learning languages through distance education. It also aims to explore how the use of listening comprehension strategies differs in terms of three variables, namely, gender, L2, and department majored. To do this, the Listening Strategy Inventory was administered to students attending English and German language classes through distance education at three state universities in Turkey. The data were collected during the 2020-2021 academic year. The study used quantitative analysis methods. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and the statistical analyses independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that students use listening comprehension strategies at a moderate level. The most commonly used listening comprehension strategies were those for while listening and nonverbal strategies, while learners use word-oriented strategies the least. The study also revealed statistically significant differences by gender in foreign language learners’ listening comprehension strategies, but no significant differences for department majored and L2 variables. It is recommended that individual differences be considered when teaching listening comprehension strategies to foreign language learners.
L2 Learner Cognitive Psychological Factors About Artificial Intelligence Writing Corrective Feedback
Authors: Wu LiQin , Wu Yong , Zhang XiangYang
Published: September 2021

Although the study of artificial intelligence (AI) used in language teaching and learning is increasingly prevailing, research on language two (L2) learner cognitive psychological factors about AI writing corrective feedback (WCF) is scarce. This paper explores L2 learner cognitive psychology of pigai, an AI evaluating system for English writings in China, from perspectives of perception, noticing, uptake, initiative, retention and emotion. It investigates the consistency between learner cognitive psychology about AI WCF and the expected one and probes into the correlation of learner cognitive psychological factors about AI WCF, aiming at bridging the gap between the research of AI WCF and that of L2 learner cognitive psychology. After a 5-point Likert anonymous questionnaire survey of 1952 undergraduate L2 learners in Anhui University of Finance and Economics (AUFE), the statistical data of Pearson correlation coefficient indicate that learner perception, noticing, uptake, initiative, retention and emotion are positively related in the context of AI WCF, which conforms to the early research of learner cognitive psychology about WCF. But one sample t-test reveals that learner cognitive psychology of AI WCF only occasionally or sometimes consists with the expected one. The subsequent random interviews with 15 respondents suggest that pigai WCF is beneficial to L2 writing, yet there is still much room for it to improve to be deeply integrated with human WCF. 
Are Self-Talk and Mental Toughness Level Prerequisites Besides the Kick Boxing Education Level in Athletes?
Authors: YALÇIN Yasemin , TURAN Fatma
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between self-talk and mental toughness levels of kickboxers and to compare the differences between the self-talk and mental toughness of the athletes according to the independent variables obtained from the personal information of the athletes participating in the research. The study group of the research consists of athletes who participated in kickboxing competitions in Turkey (n=223). 120 (53.8%) of the athletes are women and 103 (46.2%) are men. In the study, the “Self-Talk Questionnaire” adapted to the Turkish athlete population by Engür (2011) and the “Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire” adapted to Turkish by Altıntaş and Bayar Koruç (2016) is used. It is decided whether the data met the prerequisites of the parametric tests by examining the Skewness and Kurtosis values (normal distribution of the data) and the Levene test (equality of variance) results. As a result, correlation analysis is used to determine the relationships between the variables, and t-test and ANOVA analyses are used to determine the differences. As a result of the research, it is determined that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-talk and mental toughness. Mental toughness is accepted as a term that trainers, managers and athletes attach importance to, and it is considered a prerequisite for sportive success. The fact that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-talk and mental toughness suggests that self-talk is also a predictor of performance. At the point of achieving success, the inner messages that the athlete will give themselves will increase their mental toughness and will be reflected in the sports environment, training or competition.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 14, No. 10
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: September 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 14, No. 10, 2021.
Educational Change in Saudi Arabia: Insights from One USA/KSA Teacher Professional Development Collaborative
Authors: Bentahar Adil , Copeland Kathleen D. , Stevens Scott G. , Vukelich Carol J.
Published: September 2021

Teacher professional development (PD) programs ideally evaluate how professional learning experiences empower teachers to be effective change agents in their disciplines and communities. The Khbrat [“experiences” in Arabic] program is a year-long, global teacher PD initiative launched by the Saudi Ministry of Education. The goal is to change the mindset of Saudi teachers through immersive experiences in the U.S. K-12 schools and university academic culture so that they can participate as effective “change agents” in the transformation of Saudi schools. Our mixed-methods study examined the impact of the Khbrat program on Saudi teachers’ leadership, classroom experiences, and sociocultural levels; the findings inspire new directions for program design with key insights into teacher PD program evaluation.
Study on Internationalization Strategy of China’s New Business Education in the Background of Digital Economy
Authors: Xie Jia , Zhang Tianshuo
Published: September 2021

As the global economy is undergoing transformation and upgrading in the background of the digital economy, it leads to a reformation of business education in the new context, which brings the concept of new business education in China. One of the significant features of the new business education is multidisciplinary teaching and learning. Meanwhile, it is closely related to strategic decision-making in disciplinary program design, research design, faculty recruitment, teaching models, and international strategies. Benefited from the internationalization of higher education in past years, traditional business education has gained an advantage in introducing international students, teachers, and resources and building global cooperation platforms, including international visits and multiple studies in an international context. However, it cannot meet the demand for cultivating talents in the era of the digital economy. This paper starts with the connotation and feature of new business education, discussing internationalization strategy with a fresh perspective and unique positioning. Meanwhile, it aims to provide a theoretical and practical value for China’s business schools with internationalization strategy making in the background of the digital economy.
Characterizations of the Exponentiated Marshall-Olkin Discrete Uniform Distribution
Authors: Mason Zadan P. H. , Najaf Mahrokh
Published: September 2021

In this short paper, we consider certain characterizations of the Exponentiated Marshall-Olkin Discrete Uniform (EMODU) distribution introduced by Gharib et al. (2017) to complete in some manner, the authors'  work