bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adenocarcinosarcoma at the esophagogastric junction with long esophageal invasion: a case report
Authors: Furukawa Kenichiro , Niihara Masahiro , Kawata Takuya , Mayanagi Shuhei , Tsubosa Yasuhiro
Published: January 2020

Background

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is a rare malignancy with both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. There is no report of carcinosarcoma arising from the EGJ wherein the carcinomatous element was adenocarcinoma. We describe a patient with carcinosarcoma of the EGJ in which the carcinomatous element was adenocarcinoma.

Case presentation

A 52-year-old man was diagnosed with carcinoma on his EGJ after complaining of appetite loss. All tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9) were within the respective normal ranges. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a 150-mm (100 mm esophageal side and 50 mm gastric side) type 1 tumor on his EGJ. A histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen revealed well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma at the gastric side; however, only necrotic tissue was noted on the esophageal side. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography did not reveal any invasion of the adjacent structures; however, it did show five swollen regional lymph nodes. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography did not reveal distant metastases. We performed thoracic subtotal esophagectomy, total gastrectomy, and two-field plus left cervical paraesophageal lymphadenectomy. Macroscopically, the lesion consisted of two components: a 7.5-cm type 2 tumor and a 9-cm type 1 tumor at the proximal end of the type 2 tumor. Microscopically, the type 2 tumor showed predominantly solid or cribriform proliferation of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm, which was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic-like differentiation. The tumor cells of the adenocarcinoma component had periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive globules and were positive for sal-like protein 4 (SALL 4) and negative for α-fetoprotein (AFP) or human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2). The type 1 tumors consisted of the adenocarcinoma-like type 2 tumor and spindle cells (sarcomatous component). Part of the sarcomatous component showed cartilage differentiation. The type 2 and type 1 lesions were continuous lesions. The epicenter of the tumor was located at the EGJ. The adenocarcinoma component was present in 10 of 27 resected lymph nodes. The tumor was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma of the EGJ.

Conclusions

We report a rare patient with carcinosarcoma of the EGJ wherein the carcinomatous element was adenocarcinoma.
Characterization of the microbiome associated with in situ earthen materials
Authors: Simons Alexis , Bertron Alexandra , Aubert Jean-Emmanuel , Roux Christophe , Roques Christine
Published: January 2020

Background

The current increase in public awareness of environmental risks is giving rise to a growth of interest in the microbiological safety of buildings. In particular, microbial proliferation on construction materials can be responsible for the degradation of indoor air quality that can increase health-risk to occupants. Raw earth materials are still widely used throughout the world and, in some cases, are linked to heritage habitats, as in the southwest of France. Moreover, these building materials are currently the subject of renewed interest for ecological and economic reasons. However, the microbial status of earthen materials raises major concerns: could the microbiome associated with such natural materials cause disease in building occupants? Very few analyses have been performed on the microbial communities present on these supports. Characterizing the raw earth material microbiome is also important for a better evaluation and understanding of the susceptibility of such materials to microbial development. This study presents the distribution of in situ bacterial and fungal communities on different raw earth materials used in construction. Various buildings were sampled in France and the microbial communities present were characterized by amplicon high-throughput sequencing (bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS1 region). Bacterial culture isolates were identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Results

The major fungal and bacterial genera identified were mainly associated with conventional outdoor and indoor environmental communities, and no specific harmful bacterial species were detected on earthen materials. However, contrary to expectations, few human-associated genera were detected in dwellings. We found lower microbial alpha-diversity in earthen material than is usually found in soil, suggesting a loss of diversity during the use of these materials in buildings. Interestingly enough, the main features influencing microbial communities were building history and room use, rather than material composition.

Conclusions

These results constitute a first in-depth analysis of microbial communities present on earthen materials in situ and may be considered as a first referential to investigate microbial communities on such materials according to environmental conditions and their potential health impact. The bacterial and fungal flora detected were similar to those found in conventional habitats and are thought to be mainly impacted by specific events in the building’s life, such as water damage.
The impact of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute data: analyzing published articles that used BioLINCC open access data
Authors: AlRyalat Saif Aldeen , El Khatib Osama , Al-qawasmi Ola , Alkasrawi Hadeel , al Zu’bi Raneem , Abu-Halaweh Maram , alkanash Yara , Habash Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

Background: Data sharing is now a mandatory prerequisite for several major funders and journals, where researchers are obligated to deposit the data resulting from their studies in an openly accessible repository. Biomedical open data are now widely available in almost all disciplines, where researchers can freely access and reuse these data in new studies. We aim to assess the impact of open data in terms of publications generated using open data and citations received by these publications, where we will analyze publications that used the Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC) as an example.

Methods: As of July 2019, there was a total of 194 datasets stored in BioLINCC repository and accessable through their portal. We requested the full list of publications that used these datasets from BioLINCC, and we also performed a supplementary PubMed search for other publications. We used Web of Science (WoS) to analyze the characteristics of publications and the citations they received.

Results: 1,086 published articles used data from BioLINCC repository, but only 987 (90.88%) articles were WoS indexed. The number of publications has steadily increased since 2002 and peaked in 2018 with a total number of 138 publications on that year. The 987 open data publications received a total of 34,181 citations up to 1st October 2019. The average citation per item for the open data publications was 34.63. The total number of citations received by open data publications per year has increased from only 2 citations in 2002, peaking in 2018 with 2361 citations.

Conclusion: The vast majority of studies that used BioLINCC open data were published in WoS indexed journals and are receiving an increasing number of citations.
СОЦИО-ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ: ИНКУЛЬТУРАЦИЯ, АККУЛЬТУРАЦИЯ И АССИМИЛЯЦИЯ
Authors: Nurutdinova Aida Rustamovna , Panfilova Evgenia Vladimirovna
Published: January 2020

В наши дни присутствует больше возможностей для обмена знаниями, исследовательскими проектами и расширения международного сотрудничества, что в свою очередь обуславливает необходимость развития социо-лингвистической коммуникативной компетенции. Потенциал межкультурных и международных контактов увеличивается, и подразумевает постоянное и непрерывное взаимодействие и поиск новых вербальных и невербальных систем общения. Независимо от уровня осведомленности, различные социально-психологические и социокультурные процессы действуют в рамках каждого межкультурного взаимодействия, где знание иностранного языка не является достаточным, необходимым являются знания «культурных корней». Успешная межкультурная коммуникация предполагает еще и умение адекватно интерпретировать коммуникативное поведение представителя иностранного социума, а также готовность участников общения к восприятию другой формы коммуникативного поведения, пониманию его различий от культуры к культуре. Именно, незнание чужой культуры, незнание различий и сходств культур, особенно, когда речь идет о взаимодействии с ними является основной причиной большинства культурных конфликтов.Цель – классификация основ и проблем межкультурного общения; а также анализ стратегий сближения инокультурных знаний, направленных на предотвращение не только смысловых, но и культурных сбоев в коммуникации: а именно, вербальное и невербальное обеспечение межкультурной коммуникации.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют метод интроспекции, метод наблюдения в естественных условиях, методика референциальной коммуникации.Результаты. Рассматриваемый результат социализации – инкультурация и аккультураци – в поликультурной среде естественны: ассимиляция возможна в результате компромисса с доминирующим обществом. Осознание своей идентичности – это сообщение к самопознанию навыков и способностей, вызывающее формирование самоутверждения при поддержке, когда человек начинает реализовывать себя не только в обществе, где он родился, но и в любой среде обитания иностранной культуры. Именно, многоязычная образовательная поликультурная среда способствует естественному ходу социализации, инкультурации и аккультурации человека, тем самым исключает возможную ассимиляцию.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере педагогического проектирования бесконфликтного поведения и психолингвистики.
ABOUT SELECTION OF PERSONNEL IN SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT OF THE STATE
Authors: Alifov Alishir Ali ogly
Published: January 2020

На основе единой теории материи рассматривается механизм подбора кадров в систему управления государством. Показано, что в основе механизма продвижения человека на ступени политической и исполнительной власти необходимы научные принципы, методы, оценки. При этом процесс подбора кадров должен опираться на интеллектуальное тестирование широкопрофильной командой специалистов, обязательно быть конкурсным, фильтрационным, ротационным по вертикали и горизонтали.
ПРИНЦИП ФЕДЕРАЛИЗМА КАК ОСНОВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ
Authors: Dogorov Sergey Vladimirovich , Peskov Arkady Evgenievich , Klenina Elena Anatolievna
Published: January 2020

Актуальность темы заключается в том, что в последние несколько лет сформировались предпосылки для качественно новых подходов к осмыслению проблем дальнейшего развития правовых основ российского федерализма. Кризисы и санкции – факторы временного характера и не могут в действительности глобально повлиять на глубинные основы российской государственности.Целью статьи является выявление проблемных аспектов в развитии российского федерализма. В результате показано, что федерализм в Российской Федерации имеет конституционно-правовой характер и является единственно допустимым устройством России в виду ее многонационального состава.В качестве методологической основы использовались общелогические методы исследования. Эмпирическая база исследования – это опора на статьи Конституции РФ, обладающей высшей юридической силой в России.Постановка вопросов и выводы статьи предполагают расширение понимания проблем, связанных со стратегией оптимизации федеративных отношений в современной России.
The creation of protective and strengthening coatings by methods of electron beam processing in vacuum
Authors: Radchenko Tat'yana , Shevcov Yuriy
Published: January 2020

This monograph presents basic theoretical and applied issues of the process of electron beam heat treatment, cladding and welding in various industries.
Reviewed hardware and technological aspects, peculiarities of formation of structure of metals and alloys, as well as the patterns of change of such physical-mechanical properties, such as hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity. The specific examples of the electron beam to create a strengthening and protective coatings.
Can be recommended as a textbook for students of technical universities, engineers and researchers and practical workers in the field of welding production.
Revisión sistemática sobre la reducción de efectos emocionales negativos en trabajadores del área de emergencias y catástrofes mediante técnicas de catarsis
Authors: Prieto-Callejero Blanca , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Alvarado-Gómez Francisco , Dias Adriano , García-Iglesias Juan Jesús , Ruiz-Frutos Carlos
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Analizar las técnicas de catarsis empleadas en los trabajadores que atienden situaciones de emergencias y catástrofes.

Métodos: Revisión sistemática realizada en 7 bases de datos bibliográficas Medline-Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO y otras fuentes secundarias, para artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2017, con los términos «catarsis», «emergencias», «debriefing» y «estrés post-traumático».

Resultados: Los criterios de inclusión fueron cumplidos por 5 artículos. Los estudios muestran que es común entre el personal sanitario la exposición al sufrimiento y a las experiencias traumáticas, suponiendo repercusiones negativas manifestadas a nivel físico, psicológico y cognitivo tras situaciones de emergencias y catástrofes. Para algunos autores, el debriefing ofrece un lugar para descargar las emociones y reducir el impacto del estrés en la vida de los trabajadores de emergencia actuando como una red de apoyo para que dichos trabajadores puedan reconstruir sus experiencias y verbalizar sus pensamientos y sentimientos, así como reducir el impacto en sus vidas. Para otros en cambio, esta técnica no es eficaz para todos los profesionales y su uso puede conllevar consecuencias negativas.

Conclusiones: El debriefing es una intervención breve que promueve la catarsis. Sin embargo, existe una gran controversia sobre su eficacia y la manera de aplicar esta intervención. Este estudio pone de manifiesto la heterogeneidad existente en la aplicación de técnicas de catarsis en los trabajadores que atienden situaciones de emergencia y catástrofes.
Segundo congreso internacional de la Sociedad Portuguesa de Medicina del Trabajo
Authors: Rodríguez-Jareño Maria Cruz
Published: January 2020

El pasado 23 de noviembre se celebró en Lisboa el segundo congreso internacional de la Sociedad Portuguesa de Medicina del Trabajo (SPMT), a continuación de su décimoquinto congreso nacional que tuvo lugar el 21 y 22. 

Uno de los objetivos planteados por su presidente es el de estrechar lazos con otras Sociedades de Medicina del Trabajo y en concreto entre Sociedades vecinas de la península ibérica, así como con diferentes organismos internacionales. 

Tras la bienvenida dada por su presidente, Dr Jorge Barroso Dias, se inició el congreso internacional con una presentación por video del presidente de ACOEM (American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine). El hilo conductor del congreso giraba alrededor de las aportaciones de la Medicina del Trabajo a la Salud Pública, para resaltar el reciente reconocimiento de la Sociedad Portuguesa de Medicina del Trabajo como entidad de utilidad pública en Portugal.

La jornada se enfocó principalmente a presentar las actividades y contribución de diferentes organismos internacionales, y se contó con las intervenciones de Joaquim Pintado Nunes de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), de Claudina Nogueira de la Comisión Internacional de Salud Laboral (ICOH) y de Alenka Skerjanc, presidenta de la sección de Medicina del Trabajo de la Unión Europea de Médicos Especialistas (UEMS)…
Clausura de la última campaña de la Agencia Europea para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo
Authors: Orriols Ramos Rosa María , Rodríguez-Jareño Maria Cruz
Published: January 2020

La clausura de la última campaña de la Agencia Europea para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo tuvo lugar el 12 y 13 de noviembre de 2019 en Bilbao.

A la clausura de la campaña asistieron Rosa Orriols en representación de ICOH (Rosa es miembro de la Junta Directiva de ICOH), y Mari Cruz Rodríguez-Jareño en representación de la UEMS, que fue uno de los 90 socios oficiales de la campaña (Mari Cruz es la representante española en la UEMS a través de la SEMST y la SCSL). Ambas pertenecen a la Junta de la SCSL. 

La campaña que se clausuraba (2018-2019) estuvo dedicada a las substancias químicas peligrosas, siendo el lema: «Trabajos saludables: alerta frente a sustancias peligrosas «. Además la Agencia este año 2019 celebraba su 25 aniversario…
The rising cost of medication in the UK
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: January 2020

In this monthly feature, Sarah Jane Palmer delves into topical news, the latest research and what the experts are saying on subjects related to cardiology and cardiac nursing practice
Jitter-free, dual-wavelength, ultrashort-pulse, energetic fiber sources using soliton self-mode conversion
Authors: Rishøj Lars , Deng Fengyuan , Tai Boyin , Cheng Ji-Xin , Ramachandran Siddharth
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate an energetic dual-wavelength ultrashort pulsed source by exploiting the inherent features of the newly discovered process of soliton self-mode conversion (SSMC) in a multimode fiber. The generated pulses are at wavelengths of 1205 nm and 1273 nm, respectively, and the pulse energies are approximately 30 nJ. The natural group-velocity-locking feature of SSMC ensures minimal relative timing jitter, hence highlighting the utility of exploiting the new degrees of freedom afforded by field of multimode nonlinear fiber optics. The relative timing jitter is evaluated by measuring the power fluctuations of generated sum-frequency signals. When compared to a conventional fiber based dual-wavelength source based on traditional frequency-shifted solitons, the relative timing jitter is found to be reduced by greater than 11 dB. Since this process is wavelength-agnostic within the transparency window of optical fibers, our source provides an attractive means of achieving integrated multi-color ultrashort pulse sources for a variety of applications.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LIGNINS OF VARIOUS PLANT FORMS BY 31P-NMR
Authors: Popova Yuliya Aleksandrovna , Shestakov Semen Leonidovich , Kozhevnikov Aleksandr Yur'yevich , Kosyakov Dmitriy Sergeyevich , Sypalov Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2020

Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers. Information about the functional composition and structure of various lignins may be useful in the study of biosynthesis processes in plants. The subject of the article is the determination of 31P-NMR spectroscopy possibilities to identify lignins obtained from various plant forms. To obtain spectra on 31P nuclei, a modification of the studied samples was applied by phosphitylating their OH-groups with a special reagent. We obtained qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples of softwood and hardwood lignins and herbaceous plants. According to the NMR spectra we noted the differences in composition and structure of the studied lignins. We confirmed that the structure of lignins of softwood and hardwood wood mainly contain guaiacilpropane and syringylpropane structural units, respectively. We found that lignins of herbaceous plants contain all types of OH-groups characteristic for lignins, including p-hydroxyphenyl groups. It was observed that samples of herbaceous plants lignins contain fragments of flavonoid structures in most cases. The 31P-NMR spectrum of quercetin, as the flavonoids representative, was registered and also modeled using the ACDLabs software package to confirm the presence of flavone structures in the macromolecules of the herbaceous lignins.
THE EFFECT OF GROWING CONDITIONS ON THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS
Authors: Bogdanova Alena Andreyevna , Flerova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Payuta Aleksandra Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2020

The complex effect of two factors (the optimum ratio of nutrients of the medium and the electrostatic field) on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of Chlorella vulgaris was investigated. It is shown that the use of a medium with optimal concentrations of mineral substances and an electrostatic field with a voltage of 15 kV and an exposure time of 72 hours has a positive effect on growth rates, the size of microalgae cells and their viability, contributes to obtaining a culture with a density of 50 mln cells / ml 18 hours faster in comparison with the cultivation of generally accepted methods. It has been established that when two factors are influences on the cells of the Chlorella a mutagenic effect is not observed. Analysis of the microalgae culture grown under the influence of the studied factors showed that its chemical composition was consistent and with several indicators exceeded that of chlorella cultivation according to classical technologies. It was revealed that the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase of microalgae grown in optimal conditions of the nutrient medium and the electrostatic field, significantly exceeded similar values of Chlorella vulgaris, which was not subjected to electrostatic stimulation. The high activity of the studied enzymes in Chlorella cells is shown in comparison with higher plants – components of bio-antioxidant preparations, such as Amaranthus paniculatus L. and Nicotiana tabacum L. According to the results of the toxicological study the absence of the content in Chlorella of the main poisonous substances for body animals and humans (mercury, arsenic) has been established. As a result of the research, it was proposed to use the established optimal parameters of both factors in the cultivation of C. vulgaris.
CONCENTRATION OF BIOGENIC TRACE ELEMENTS (Zn, Co, Cr), ALKALINE (Rb, Cs), ALKALINE-EARTH (Sr, Ba) METALS AND LANTHANUM IN THE EUTROPHIC PEAT BOG ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Golubina Ol'ga Aleksandrovna , Tsybukova Tat'yana Nikolayevna , Tveryakova Elena Nikitichna , Perederina Irina Aleksandrovna , Zholobova Galina Aleksandrovna , Knyazeva Elena Petrovna , Zykova Mariya Vladimirovna
Published: January 2020

Peats and marsh waters of the peat bog eutrophic ecosystem (Tomsk region) for the content of trace elements have been studied. The peat deposit is composed of lowland peats of grass type predominantly. The deposit average depth is about 3 meters. Samples of several observation points, which differ in botanical composition and hydrothermal conditions of occurrence were analyzed. The concentration of biogenic (Zn, Co, Cr), alkaline (Rb, Cs), alkaline earth (Sr, Ba) and rare earth (Hf, La) metals in peat and marsh waters has been determined by the method of neutron activation analysis. It was shown that the amount of various elements in peat is determined by regional characteristics and botanical composition. From comparative elements concentration analysis, it has been found that concentration of metals varies identically depending on the depth of the peat bog, which indicates typical conditions for the accumulation of these elements. As a result of the research was founded high content of the Ba and Sr in peats of all observation points. It has been established that the peat of native section 3 is enriched with all studied metals Zn, Cr, Sr, Ba in comparison with peats of the first and the second observation points. Besides, under the conditions of this ecosystem cobalt, rubidium and lanthanum were accumulated in peats. The average concentration of trace elements in the studied peat bog ecosystem is comparable to the average values of this region. We have found that samples of marsh water are enriched with the biogenic zinc. Among rare metals, such elements as strontium and barium are the most abundant in marsh water, what correlates with the largest content of Zn, Sr and Ba in the studied peats. Light Rb and Sr ions transfer from peat to swamp waters in greater amount than heavier Cs and Ba ions. Strontium enters and migrates intensively to the swamp waters of all three observation points.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SIBIRAEA ALTAIENSIS (LAXM.) SCHNEID. (ROSACEAE)
Authors: Kostikova Vera Andreyevna , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna , Shaldaeva Tat'yana Mikhaylovna , Khramova Elena Petrovna , Syeva Serafima Yakovlevna
Published: January 2020

The content of biologically active substances and the level of antioxidant activity in the aerial organs of different sexual forms of Sibiraea altaiensis (Laxm.) Schneid. during the growing season were investigated for the first time. It was found that the maximum content of biologically active compounds varies depending on the stage of development, plant organ and also gender. The amount of flavonols (5.69%), tannins (30.17%) is higher in the leaves of male plants during the budding of plants, catechins ‒ in inflorescences (0.61%) of female plants, pectins ‒ in male buds (1.54%), protopectins ‒ in the leaves of males (8.99%) in the budding phase and in the leaves of females (9.62%) in the fruiting phase of plants and carotenoids ‒ in the leaves of males (70.6 mg%) and female (61.86 mg%) plants in the fruiting phase. Stalks of S. altaiensis contain quite a high amount of tannins (20.1%), pectins (1.49%), protopectins (5.93%) and carotenoids (17.37 mg%). The highest (antioxidant activity) AOA was detected in water (2.03 mg/g) and water-ethanol (1.75 mg/g) extracts from the leaves of male S. altaiensis plants. The AOA of water and water-ethanol extracts from the aerial organs of S. altaiensis is authentically positively connected with the content of all the studied substances, except for pectins.
BETULIN DERIVATIVES. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND SOLUBILITY IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Vorobyeva Ol'ga Aleksandrovna , Malygina Darina Sergeyevna , Grubova Elizaveta Vladimirovna , Melnikova Nina Borisovna
Published: January 2020

In the review the biological properties (antitumor, antiviral, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, etc.) and bioavailability of betulin and betulinic acid derivatives were discussed. These compounds are isolated from various natural sources, including birch bark (Betula, Betulaceae). The structure-activity correlation was considered for well-known betulinic acid derivatives. The perspectivity of this compounds as active pharmaceutical ingredients was demonstrated by in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments. The type of antitumor actions, generally, depends on substituents at the C-3 and C-28 carbon atoms of the lupane skeleton. It is very important that the carboxyl group of betulinic acid in the C-28 position was present. In this case, the cytotoxicity of C-3 modified derivatives is extremely high for all tested cell lines. The use of these compounds in the medical practice is complicated because they have low bioavailability and poor water solubility (from 1 to 100 µg*l-1). The main chemical syntheses for solubility improvement of betulin derivatives by grafting of hydrophilic groups were discussed. Moreover, the colloid-chemical approaches for the bioavailability improving of triterpenoids include: 1) including of these compounds in liposomes, vesicles and other nanoparticles; 2) obtaining of micelles with high-molecular compounds; 3) colloid-chemical dissolution due to physico-mechanical action; 4) inclusion complexes formation; 5) using of polymers for triterpenoids grafting. Chemical modification of betulin and betulinic acid by polar groups, such as phosphate/phosphonate, sulfate, amino acids, etc. has been shown for bioavailability improving.
COMPARISON OF LAURUS NOBILIS EXTRACTS COMPOSITION OBTAINED BY MICROWAVE EXTRACTION, SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND STEAM DISTILLATION
Authors: Pokrovskiy Oleg Igorevich , Prokopchuk Denis Igorevich , Bagatelia Saida Amiranovna , Pokryshkin Sergei Alexandrovich , Kostenko Mikhail Olegovich , Parenago Olga Olegovna , Markolia Anatolyevich , Lunin Valery Vasilyevich
Published: January 2020

A comparison of chemical composition of bay laurel extracts obtained by microwave extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation was performed. Microwave extraction and steam distillation were shown to give similar essential oils. Microwave extract contains more monoterpenoid components, especially hydrocarbons. Steam distillation oil contains more sesquiterpenoid compounds, mostly oxygenated. SFE extract composition differs substantially from the ones obtained by two other methods. According to GC-MS data they contain much more sesquiterpenoid components, namely sesquiterpene lactones. This makes SFE a perspective candidate for isolation of biologically active compounds from laurel leaves. However, apart from valuable compound SFE extracts also contain substantial amounts of waxes as well as large quantities of some non-volatile component undetectable via GC-MS. In order to implement SFE into the practice of laurel processing one has to develop an approach for the fractionation of SFE extracts allowing isolating sesquiterpene lactone enriched fraction.
POLYSACCHARIDES OF THREE SAUSSUREA DC SPECIES (S. CONTROVERSA, S. SALICIFOLIA, S. FROLOVII): ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND INFLUENCE ON NO-PRODUCING PROPERTIES OF MACROPHAGES
Authors: Reshetov Yaroslav Yevgen'yevich , Ligacheva Anastasiya Aleksandrovna , Avdeeva Yelena Yur'yevna , Danilets Marina Grigor'yevna , Golovchenko Viktoriya Vladimirovna , Trofimova Yevgeniya Sergeyevna , Gulina Yekaterina Igorevna , Sherstoboev Yevgeniy Yur'yevich , Gur'yev Artem Mikhaylovich , Rovkina Kseniya Igorevna , Krivoshchekov Sergey Vladimirovich , Belousov Mikhail Valer'yevich
Published: January 2020

Polysaccharides PS1 and PS2 with a yield 1–2% were obtained from the above-ground part of three species of Saussurea: S. controversa DC., S. salicifolia L. and S. frolovii Ledeb. sequential extraction with water at 25 and 70 °C. PS1 free from protein impurities. A protein that is not removed by the Sevag method is co-extracted with PS2. All polysaccharides contain residues of uronic acids, the highest content found in PS1 and PS2 from S. contrоversa. The molecular weights (Mw) of PS1 from S. controversa, S. salicifolia and S. frolovii were 448.13, 158.49, 64.03 kDa and PS2 – 101.82, 94.60, 225.42 kDa, respectively. Interspecific differences in the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides were revealed. Galactose (Gal) and Arabinose (Ara) residues are major, and Rhamnose (Rha), Xylose (Xyl) and Mannose (Man) residues are minor components of the carbohydrate chains isolated by PS. PS1 S. salicifolia and S. frolovii and PS2 S. salicifolia do not contain endotoxins impurities and have a NO-activating effect on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages), significantly exceeding the effect of muramyl dipeptide.
THE CONVERSION OF THE MOISTURE-STABILITY WASTE-PAPERS WITH POLYMERIC COVERING. 1. BREAK-ING-UP OF THE WASTE-PAPER
Authors: Alashkevich Yuriy Davidovich , Pen Robert Zus'evich , Karetnikova Natalya Viktorovna , Chendylova Larisa Valer'evna
Published: January 2020

Breaking-up of waste-paper with polyurethan and polyaziridin was studied. Paper moisture-stability is 49–51%. The waste paper reduced to the degree size of the particles 5–8 mm in the dry grind mill and chemical processing under higher temperature (to 70 °C) by sodium persulfate and hydroxide solution; duty of water 6. Cooking duration varied from 1 to 5 hours, solution strength of persulfate sodium – from 2 to 12%, hydroxide sodium – from 0.5 to 3% from the mass of bone-dry waste-paper. The secondary fiber received by breaking-up of the pulp in the hydropulper. The dependency degree of breaking-up, losses of the cellulose and liquor pH from the cooking variable factors approximated by the regression equations of the second order, which used for graphic presentation results. At the most importance of the all variable factors the cooks ended in the acid medium with pH 3 under practically full persulfate and hydroxide sodium consumption; at that the degree of the breaking-up more than 80% was reached, losses of the cellulose under the all conditions remained within the range of 12.6–14.6%. The necessary operations of the breaking-up: crush the dry waste-paper; the cooking of the waste-paper with sodium persulfate and hydrate; breaking-ap of the waste-paper in the hydropulper; washing the stringy mass by water; the hydrodynamic milling.
THE INFLUENCE OF HUMIC ACIDS ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF COCKWEED IN OIL POLLUTION
Authors: Dmitrieva Elena Dmitriyevna , Gertsen Mariya Mikhaylovna , Gorelova Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: January 2020

The stimulating effect of humic acids on the processes of growth and development of cress seeds has been revealed. It has been established that use of humic acids of black alder fen peat most effectively affects the sowing qualities of seeds under conditions of oil pollution (an increase in the germination energy and germination capacity compared to the non-humic acid variant by 38%). The minimal inhibitory effect on shoot growth was observed in the soil with hexadecane (20.8 mm less than the control), the maximum – in the soil with oil (22.5 mm less than the control). Humic acids show a stimulating effect on the growth of cress roots under conditions of pollution with oil hydrocarbons. The root length indicators exceeded the values obtained in the version with the pollutant without the use of humic acids from 6% (oil) to 16% of the control (hexadecane). Based on the data obtained during the vegetation experiments, it can be assumed that the stimulating activity of humic acids is more pronounced in stressful conditions for the organism. The biostimulating effect of humic acids was revealed, which manifested itself in an increase in the length of the hypocotyl and root, and the physiological activity of detoxicants was more effectively detected under conditions of pollution with oil hydrocarbons. According to the results of the vegetative experience on a substrate with hexadecane during the irrigation with humic acids of sphagnum high-moor peat, the maximum values of the test responses were determined, corresponding to the control values ​​obtained on the uncontaminated substrate, or higher than the latter. In the variant with oil, the most pronounced effect was achieved with the introduction of humic acids of reed fen and sphagnum high-moor peat, which confirms the hypothesis about the protective effect of humic acids in pollution conditions, which is determined by the binding ability of humic acids in relation to toxicant and their own biological activity in the relation to plants. It is proved that humic acids of peats make a significant contribution to the natural processes of self-purification, causing immobilization and detoxification of petroleum hydrocarbons, which indicates the prospects of their application in technologies of purification and recultivation of polluted water and soil media.
THE FEATURES OF THE ACCUMULATION OF FLAVONOIDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RAW MATERIAL OF IRIS SIBIRICA L. THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF QUANTIFICATION
Authors: Shcherbakova Lyudmila Vladimirovna , Tikhomirova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Karpitsky Dmitriy Alekseyevich , Martirosian Yuriy Tsaturovich , Eskalieva Balakyz Kymyzgalievna
Published: January 2020

Identification of scientific regularities of accumulation of physiologically active compounds is relevant to the issues of plant biology, as it can create conditions for the rapid development of biotechnological approaches and the solution of a number of environmental and economic problems associated with the use of plant raw materials. The aim of this work was to identify the features of the accumulation of flavonoids and the development of methods of differential spectrophotometry allows to assess the quality of biotechnological raw materials Iris sibirica L. (Siberian iris) on the content of flavonoids.

The most important regulators of the synthesis of secondary compounds in plant tissue cultures include such components of nutrient media as hormones. As a result of our experiments it was noted for I. sibirica characteristic relationship between the accumulation of biomass and the content of quercetin and rutin. On the medium with 5.0 µm BAP, supplemented by auxins with an increase in the total height of the shoots, the quercetin content and rutin in the phytomass decreased dramaticly. To maintain a balance between biomass accumulation and flavonoid content for I. sibirica, we recommend using media with 2.5 µm BAP supplemented with auxins.

The developed method allows to determine the content of the total of flavonoids in Iris sibirica raw materials in the presence of other compounds, is simple in execution and does not require expensive equipment. A validation evaluation of the technique indicates its suitability for quality control of biotechnological raw materials Iris sibirica.
STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MECHANICALLY TREATED ARGLABIN AND ITS MECHANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON ARABINOGALACTAN
Authors: Neverova Nadezhda Anatol'yevna , Zhabaeva Anara Nikhanbaevna , Levchuk Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Babkin Vasiliy Anatol'yevich , Beisenbaev Almas Rashidovich , Larina Lyudmila Ivanovna , Sapozhnikov Anatoliy Nikolayevich , Adekenov Sergazy Mynzhasarovich
Published: January 2020

Over the past decades, researchers have increasingly turned to natural compounds and preparations created on their basis. Biologically active terpenoids, in particular, natural sesquiterpene lactones, are of great interest. One of the rich sources of these compounds is a plant of the genus Artemisia, whose representative is wormwood Artemisia glabella Kar et Kir., Growing on the territory of Central Kazakhstan. In the study of the chemical composition of wormwood, a new biologically active compound, sesquiterpenic lactone arglabin, with antitumor and radiosensitizing properties has been isolated. The antitumor drug "Arglabin" is used in oncological clinics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, the Republic of Georgia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the complex therapy of tumors of the breast, lung, liver, etc. The purpose of this work is to study the physicochemical properties of mechanically treated arglabin and its mixture with a larch water–soluble polysaccharide arabinogalactan, obtained by mechanochemical means. According to IR, UV and NMR 13С spectroscopy, long–term mechanochemical treatment does not lead to a change in the chemical composition of arglabin molecules. All the spectra obtained are identical to the spectra of the initial (not mechanically treated) arglabin. Using X–ray analysis, it was shown that in the mechanocomposites of arglabin with arabinogalactan there is no disordering of the crystal structure of arglabin and its molecular dispersion in the polysaccharide matrix does not occur.
PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING RAW MATERIALS BY METHODS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND SCREENING OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOMASS IRIS SPURIA L. (ART AND SOUL)
Authors: Tikhomirova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Shcherbakova Lyudmila Vladimirovna , Ponomareva Yaroslava Viktorovna , Drobysheva Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Chukubaeva Almash Nuhnagimovna
Published: January 2020

Hydroponic technologies combined with clonal micropropagation have the potential for large-scale plant growth and production of secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to obtain raw materials Iris spuria L. (Art And Soul) in hydroponics coupled with clonal micropropagation, and its primary pharmacognostic analysis.

When receiving the raw material Iris spuria L. (Art And Soul) at the stage of micro-multiplication itself, the most optimal content in the nutrient medium was 2.5-5.0 µm BAP. For a more complete realization of morphogenetic potentials it is necessary to alternate media with the content of phytohormones and hormone-free. At the same time, l-glutamine and adenine sulfate in an amount of 100 mg/l (MS+100mg/l L-glutamine+100mg/l adenine sulfate) should be added to the hormone-free media. For the adaptation of regenerated plants to non-sterile conditions and in the cultivation of raw materials can be used universal three-tiered aeroponic system, developed by All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow (Russia) (Iu.Ts. Martirosian).

The obtained biotechnological raw materials (grass) were identified by macroscopic (external) and microscopic (anatomical) features (in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV. 2018). As a result of the qualitative analysis of raw materials for the content of the main groups of biologically active substances, the following were revealed: phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, xanthones. For the herb Iris spuria L. the method of quantitative determination of flavonoids in terms of quercetin is developed.

The dependence of the accumulation of quercetin and tannins on the hormonal composition of nutrient media, which makes it possible for Iris spuria L. (Art And Soul) to regulate the accumulation of these polyphenols in the production of plant raw materials.
ABOUT THE CONTENT OF PIGMENTS, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF YOUNG TEA SHOOTS (CAMELLIA SINENSIS L.)
Authors: Zubova Mariya Yur'yevna , Nikolaeva Tat'yana Nikolayevna , Nechaeva Tat'yana Leonidovna , Malyukova Lyudmila Stepanovna , Zagoskina Natal'ya Viktorovna
Published: January 2020

The data on the morphophysiological characteristics of young three-leaf shoots (flashes, the first collection wave) of Camellia sinensis L. cultivars Kolhida and Kimyn, cultivated in the conditions of Russia subtropics (Krasnodar region, Sochi), the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b), phenolic compounds, including flavanes, and antiradical activity of extracts obtained from them are presented. It has been shown that the Kolhida cultivar is characterized by the formation of larger leaves compared to those of the Kimyn cultivar, as well as a high accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in them. At the same time, in the leaves of both tea representatives, the total content of chlorophylls a and b was higher compared with the stems. A similar tendency is characteristic for the accumulation of the phenolic compounds sum and flavanes, whereas the number of proanthocyanidins (soluble and insoluble) in the stems exceeded that in the leaves by 2–3 times. Both cultures had the same ability to form all forms of phenolic compounds, which is consistent with the data on the activity of L- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase – the key enzyme of their metabolism. It was established that the antiradical activity of extracts obtained from tea leaves was, on average, 30–40% higher than that of the stems and correlated with the content of phenolic compounds in them.
Optimization of BS4 Enzyme production with Different Substrate Thickness and Type of Trays
Authors: Haryati Tuti , Sinurat Arnold P , Hamid H , Purwadaria Tresnawati
Published: January 2020

BS4 enzyme that is produced from solid substrate fermentation (SSF) on coconut cake with Eupenicillium javanicum BS4 in tray bioreactor has been applied as a feed additive. It increases the nutritional value of animal feedstuff. The BS4 production on SSF may be influenced by the better aeration through the perforated trays or by the thinner substrate. The aim of this research is to optimize the production of BS4 with different substrate thicknesses and types of trays. The trial was carried out using a factorial randomized design (2x2x3) with 6 replicates. The first factor was the type of trays: i.e., non-perforated and perforated tray. The second factor was the thickness of the substrate: i.e., 1.5 and 3.0 cm, while the third factor was the duration of fermentation: i.e. 5, and 7 days. The variables observed were moisture content, dry matter loss (DML), mannanase and saccharification activities, soluble protein content, their specific activities, and yield. Statistical analysis showed no interactions between the three factors, but there were interactions between types of trays and substrate thicknesses, as well as type of trays and incubation times on the mannanase activity and yield of mannanase. The results showed that DML was observed on day 7 were around 31.43- 36.89. The highest mannanase activity was observed on the non-perforated tray with 3 cm thickness on day 7. The saccharification activity towards palm kernel meal was better in the non-perforated tray on day 7 but not influenced by The yield value of mannanase and saccharification activities on a non-perforated tray with 3.0 cm thickness on day 7 was also the highest. Based on energy efficiency and the cost of production, it can be concluded that the optimum condition to produce the BS4 enzyme was observed in the non-perforated tray with 3 cm thickness and fermented for 7 days.
In search of reflective techniques in preservice teacher education: Collaboration with parents inspired by school placements
Authors: BĄK-ŚREDNICKA ANNA
Published: January 2020

This paper addresses a problem which has been central in teacher education for several decades: how to encourage critical reflectivity in prospective EFL1 teachers. This problem is set within the larger context of the field of school, family and community partnerships. The rationale behind choosing this context is that there is a gap between the significance of various types of such partnerships for the well-being of the whole child, and a lack of deeper understanding of the issue among prospective teachers. The overwhelming majority of research in the matter, conducted mainly in the USA, covers the areas of pre-school, early school and special education (e.g. Lindberg 2014). Additionally, there are few research-based articles related to building the partnership skills of preservice EFL teachers. Therefore, in this paper we attempt to describe the cases of three prospective EFL teachers involved in the process of preparing small scale empirical projects related to the parents’ perspectives. As shown in the paper, engagement in such long term and complex enterprises does not automatically develop the subjects’ deeper understanding of the important role of various types of parent involvement in the (academic) success of children.
Vulgäre und derbe Idiome im Deutschen. Einige Bemerkungen zu ihrer Bedeutung, Frequenz, Stilmarkierung und ihrem Gebrauch
Authors: DZIUREWICZ ELŻBIETA
Published: January 2020

In the context of this article, the crude and vulgar idioms mentioned in Duden-11 “Redewendungen” will be examined in terms of their motivation, meaning, frequency, style marking and their usage. First, they will be extracted from this dictionary and examined according to their origins. Next, they will be categorized concerning their subjects. Furthermore, the style tags used in the dictionary will be tested. This will be done by contrasting them to reference corpora before carrying out a survey among native speakers. Finally, a list of common, relatively frequent idioms will be created, which can then be used primarily in foreign language didactics.
Verbzweitsätze aus kontrastiver Sicht (Deutsch-Italienisch): Das topologische Modell zur Verbstellung
Authors: MALLOGGI PATRIZIO
Published: January 2020

The present paper focuses on the syntactic description of verb-second-sentences from a contrastive view (German-Italian). The study is based upon a corpus of texts written by Italian native speakers of the course German Language for Tourism at the University of Pisa. This paper is composed of two parts: the first one aims at pointing out the main grammatical structural differences between Italian and German declarative sentences as far as the position of the verb is concerned; the second one shows the results gained by analysing the corpus of written texts referring to the position of the verb in declarative sentences in order to provide a successful methodological approach to verb-second-sentences in the didactics of German as foreign language