bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clonal mast cell disorders and hereditary α‐tryptasemia as risk factors for anaphylaxis
Authors: Kačar Mark , Rijavec Matija , Šelb Julij , Korošec Peter
Published: January 2023

The association between Hymenoptera venom‐triggered anaphylaxis (HVA) and clonal mast cell‐related disorders (cMCD) has been known for decades. However, recent breakthroughs in peripheral blood screening for KIT p.D816V missense variant have revealed the true extent of this clinical association whilst adding to our understanding of the underlying aetiology. Thus, recent large studies highlighted the presence of KIT p.D816V among 18.2% and 23% of patients with severe Hymenoptera venom‐triggered anaphylaxis. A significant proportion of those patients have normal serum basal tryptase (BST) levels, with no cutaneous findings such as urticaria pigmentosa or other systemic findings such as organomegaly that would have suggested the presence of cMCD. These findings of an increased prevalence suggest that the impact of cMCD on anaphylaxis could be clinically underestimated and that the leading question for clinicians could be changed from ‘how many patients with cMCD have anaphylaxis?’ to ‘how many patients with anaphylaxis have cMCD?’. The discovery of hereditary α‐tryptasemia (HαT)—a genetic trait caused by an increased copy number of the Tryptase Alpha/Beta 1 (TPSAB1) gene‐, first described in 2016, is now known to underlie the majority of cases of elevated BST outside of cMCD and chronic kidney disease. HαT is the first common heritable genetic modifier of anaphylaxis described, and it is associated with increased risk for severe HVA (relative risk = 2.0), idiopathic anaphylaxis, and an increased prevalence of anaphylaxis in patients with cMCD, possibly due to the unique activity profile of α/β ‐tryptase heterotetramers that may potentiate immediate hypersensitivity reaction severity. Our narrative review aims to highlight recent research to have increased our understanding of cMCD and HαT, through recent lessons learned from studying their association with HVA. Additionally, we examined the studies of mast cell‐related disorders in food and drug allergy in an effort to determine whether one should also consider cMCD and/or HαT in cases of severe anaphylaxis triggered by food or drugs.
Customized 3D‐printed molds for high dose‐rate brachytherapy in facial skin cancer: First clinical experience
Authors: Chatzikonstantinou Georgios , Diefenhardt Markus , Fleischmann Maximilian , Meissner Markus , Scherf Christian , Trommel Martin , Ramm Ulla , Rödel Claus , Tselis Nikolaos , Licher Jörg
Published: January 2023

Background and Objective

Radiotherapy of elderly, frail patients with facial skin cancer in proximity to critical organs is challenging. This is the first report on clinical experience with facial skin cancer treated by individualized 3D‐printer‐based mold high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT).

Patients and Methods

Fifteen patients not eligible for radical surgery or definitive external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) were treated with 3D‐printer‐based mold HDR‐BT. Patient selection and treatment were in accordance with multidisciplinary tumor board recommendations. Clinical response, toxicity and cosmesis were analyzed.

Results

Median age was 77 years. Histology revealed squamous cell carcinoma in seven, basal cell carcinoma in five, melanoma in situ in one, Lentigo maligna in one, and melanoma in one patient, respectively. Median prescription dose was 39 Gy delivered in once‐daily fractions of 3 Gy. After a median follow‐up of 12.2 months, local recurrence was observed in one patient with melanoma in situ. Apart from one grade 4 cataract, no other > grade 2 late toxicity was documented.

Conclusions

HDR‐BT with 3D‐printer‐based molds for facial skin cancer is a well‐tolerated and safe treatment option for elderly, frail patients not eligible for radical surgery or definitive EBRT due to functional inoperability or tumor location.
Cancer and the entangled creator: Deep incarnation and the analeptic cross
Authors: Simmons Ernest Lee
Published: January 2023

The metaphorical appropriation of quantum entanglement (non‐local relational holism) helps to conceptualize the physical relationship of God to creation in a way which can support the understanding of deep incarnation. The relational holism of Divine entanglement helps clarify how deep incarnation is possible. Deep incarnation in turn assists with the understanding of God's connectivity and ongoing relationality to a suffering world, bringing hope and love in the midst of the pain and loss of evolutionary biology gone awry, including in cancer. The Logos of creation is also a suffering Logos, a Logos Pathos, that makes hope possible at such times and gives rise to what may be referred to as an Analeptic Cross, the cross embracing and “taking up” all of evolutionary suffering from the beginning. The Analeptic Cross is a way of revealing or making manifest the Logos Pathos. The article concludes with the role of faith in grounding hope in the midst of loss, providing resilience and courage in the midst of uncertainty. Deep incarnation means that God is with us even in the midst of malignancy.
A step‐by step guide for autotransplantation of teeth
Authors: Tsukiboshi Mitsuhiro , Tsukiboshi Chie , Levin Liran
Published: January 2023

Tooth loss is an adverse consequence of oral diseases and traumatic dental injuries. Although several treatment options exist to treat a missing or hopeless tooth, especially in young individuals, most of the existing alternatives (such as orthodontic treatment, removable or fixed partial dentures, and dental implants) impose a challenge in children due to the nature of the developing jaw bones. Tooth autotransplantation is the replacement of a tooth with another functional tooth within the patient's dentition. Autotransplantation can serve as a promising treatment alternative in cases of tooth loss not only in children and adolescents but also in adult patients. Autotransplantation is a technique‐sensitive procedure, that requires proper and thorough planning as well as careful and knowledgeable execution in order to improve the chances for long‐term success and survival of the transplanted tooth. Thus, the aim of this article was to provide a step‐by‐step clinical guide, emphasizing key points and highlights for planning and performing a successful autotransplantation procedure. Autotransplantation is a very predictable treatment modality that can serve as a viable option to replace a missing tooth, especially in young patients. Proper planning and careful execution of the procedure are important to achieve optimal long‐term results.
Effects of ejaculate size on remating, attractiveness, and oviposition in females of the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius
Authors: Hiroyoshi S. , Mitsunaga T. , Kohama T. , Reddy G. V. P.
Published: January 2023

In many insect species, female remating is triggered by the reduction in male ejaculates stored by females, including sperm and/or seminal fluids transferred during mating. Although females of the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) are not monogamous, they are slow to remate. We investigated whether male age and mating history, which affect ejaculate size, influence female reproduction in this weevil. We prepared two female groups with different ejaculate sizes (small or large). Females that mated with young (10‐day‐old) virgin males with small ejaculates remated earlier than those that mated with older (30‐ or 50‐day‐old) virgin males with large ejaculates. The 6‐day fecundity did not differ between females that attracted males and those that did not, suggesting that most females with less ejaculate can lay eggs. Given that the number of sperm in the spermathecae of females that attracted males was smaller than that in females that did not attract males, we hypothesize that less ejaculate might enhance a female's attractiveness to males. Interestingly, 20% of females that laid no eggs on the last day observed (day 6) contained >1000 sperm in the spermatheca suggesting that sperm depletion alone did not suppress oviposition behavior. In conclusion, females of this weevil that had received small ejaculates were likely to be attractive to males, resulting in female remating, but cessation of oviposition is not due to sperm depletion alone; instead, it is likely a response to a decrease in the level of seminal fluids.
Autistic features and executive functions in first episode psychosis: Associations with functionality and quality of life
Authors: Davut Genç , Onur Durmaz , Hüseyin Güleç
Published: January 2023

Aim

The present study aimed at investigating the relationships between autistic features and cognitive deficits, functionality and quality of life in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients.

Methods

Sixty FEP patients [mean age (SD) = 32.53 (10.74), n = 23 female, n = 37 male] were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Data was collected using a sociodemographic and clinical data form, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the PANSS Autism Severity Score (PAUSS), the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form in Turkish Version (WHOQOL‐BREF TR).

Results

Autistic symptom severity was found to be higher in males than females, and higher in patients with a family history of psychotic disorder. An inverse relationship was found between the duration of education and the severity of autistic symptoms. While there was an inverse relationship between autistic symptom severity and executive functions and functionality, no significant correlation was found with quality of life. Negative symptom severity was a predictor of executive functions and functionality. No significant difference was observed between autistic and psychotic domains which were related to executive functions.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to examine the relationship between autistic/psychotic symptoms and executive functions and functionality in patients with FEP. The results show that autistic symptoms are associated with worse social and personal functioning and worse executive functions in patients with FEP. Longitudinal follow‐up studies with larger samples are required to determine the direction of the relations.
Global reported impacts of COVID‐19 on lymphoma patients and the emerging clinical management approaches in response to the ongoing pandemic
Authors: Elliott Esther K. , Hensen Robert , Haupt Larisa M. , Griffiths Lyn R.
Published: January 2023

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has dramatically impacted the health risk and management of patients with lymphoma. Clinical evaluations on the impact of COVID‐19 on lymphoma patients are currently limited however, reports have shown a correlation with specific variants and more severe COVID‐19 complications and higher mortality rates relative to other disease states and age‐matched populations. During peak pandemic periods this created a concerning management problem for clinicians and raised the question of how different immunocompromised states increase COVID‐19‐associated risk and provided insights into how immunity interacts with the circulating variant, including the effects of low virulent variants in vaccinated lymphoma populations. Treatment management approaches, polymerase chain reaction tests and rapid antigen screening guidelines have been offered in an attempt to reduce the risk of harm to lymphoma patients, particularly prior to and following bone marrow or stem cell transplant. Here we systematically review the current literature to provide a novel global perspective on incidence, mortality, management and rapid antigen test (RAT) screening for COVID‐19, in patients with various subtypes of lymphoma. Furthermore, lessons learned from emerging variants that continue to inform evolving lymphoma management and public health policies are addressed across these associated matters.
Associations between testing and treatment pathways in lesional temporal or extratemporal epilepsy: A census survey of NAEC center directors
Authors: Beatty Christopher W. , Ahrens Stephanie M. , Arredondo Kristen H. , Bagić Anto I. , Bai Shasha , Chapman Kevin E. , Ciliberto Michael A. , Clarke Dave F. , Eisner Mariah , Fountain Nathan B. , Gavvala Jay R. , Perry M. S. , Rossi Kyle C. , Wong‐Kisiel Lily C. , Herman Susan T. , Ostendorf Adam P. ,   the NAEC Center Director Study Group
Published: January 2023

Objective

The evaluation to determine candidacy and treatment for epilepsy surgery in persons with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) is not uniform. Many non‐invasive and invasive tests are available to ascertain an appropriate treatment strategy. This study examines expert response to clinical vignettes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–positive lesional focal cortical dysplasia in both temporal and extratemporal epilepsy to identify associations in evaluations and treatment choice.

Methods

We analyzed annual report data and a supplemental epilepsy practice survey reported in 2020 from 206 adult and 136 pediatric epilepsy center directors in the United States. Non‐invasive and invasive testing and surgical treatment strategies were compiled for the two scenarios. We used chi‐square tests to compare testing utilization between the two scenarios. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to assess associations between variables.

Results

The supplemental survey response rate was 100% with 342 responses included in the analyses. Differing testing and treatment approaches were noted between the temporal and extratemporal scenarios such as chronic invasive monitoring selected in 60% of the temporal scenario versus 93% of the extratemporal scenario. Open resection was the most common treatment choice; however, overall treatment choices varied significantly (p < .001). Associations between non‐invasive testing, invasive testing, and treatment choices were present in both scenarios. For example, in the temporal scenario stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) was more commonly associated with fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) (odds ratio [OR] 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–3.29; p = .033), magnetoencephalography (MEG) (OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.60–5.28; p = <.001), high density (HD) EEG (OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.27–6.24; p = .011), functional MRI (fMRI) (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.19–4.10; p = .014), and Wada (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.28–3.66; p = .004). In the extratemporal scenario, choosing SEEG was associated with increased odds of neuromodulation over open resection (OR 3.13; 95% CI 1.24–7.89; p = .016).

Significance

In clinical vignettes of temporal and extratemporal lesional DRE, epilepsy center directors displayed varying patterns of non‐invasive testing, invasive testing, and treatment choices. Differences in practice underscore the need for comparative trials for the surgical management of DRE.
Praying for Truth and Healing
Authors: Bara Aryz Lauwing , Wetangterah Liliya
Published: January 2023

The 1965 tragedy in Indonesia marked a traumatic historical event which saw the start of an anti‐communist campaign of mass violence that used religion as a tool of propaganda. For three decades, those accused of being members and sympathizers of the Communist Party of Indonesia suffered violence and various civil rights restrictions. The victims are still struggling to speak the truth. This article describes how victims and their families in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, formed senior prayer groups as a space for truth‐telling and healing. The groups became new families, formed based on the commonality of memory. In the groups, victims were heard and honoured, mourned together, strengthened each other, and even became reconciled. Over time, the prayer group developed into a group that facilitated joint economic empowerment. Senior prayer groups provide healing journeys for victims of the 1965 tragedy in Indonesia.
Mutahhari, Natural Rights, and Women's Exclusion from Public Life
Authors: Larijani Sareh
Published: January 2023

Gender‐based violence is a phenomenon that takes place in almost all societies around the world. It is violence directed against men or women due to their gender in various physical, sexual, psychological, and socio‐political forms. However, the majority of victims are women. Undoubtedly, gender inequality is one of the root causes of many forms of violence against women, including their exclusion from social activities. Nonetheless, misunderstanding and misinterpretation of the primary religious sources play a significant role in gender inequality in both domestic and public realms and create wounded memories for women within different communities in the name of religion. This research does not aim to investigate different forms of violence against women; rather, it intends to probe the theoretical basis of the exclusion of women from social realms. The main focus is the thought of Ayatollah Murtada Mutahhari, a 20th‐century philosopher, theologian, and traditional reformer in Iran. This study demonstrates how Mutahhari, with reference to the philosophy of natural rights, deals with unfair attitudes toward women's social activities and paves the way for their active participation in society. This study is based on library research and textual analysis.
From Midrash to Dialogue
Authors: Kamine Benjamin
Published: January 2023

This article argues for the utility of teaching midrash when introducing Judaism in interreligious education programmes, based on the author's experiences with the interreligious course at the Ecumenical Institute at Bossey. Midrash illuminates many aspects of Jewish meaning‐making and provides students with multiple entry points based on their learning styles. It has also long played an important role in Jewish encounters with other religious communities. And it continues to frame how contemporary Jewish thinkers connect classical Jewish sources to modern challenges. The dialogical nature of midrash creates opportunities for the students and the instructor to seek mutual understanding, generating the potential for successful dialogue encounters outside the classroom. After reflecting on how the return to in‐person learning has expanded these possibilities, the author poses several questions for further inquiry.
Time in Ecclesiastes and the Mahabharata
Authors: Thankaraj Jebin
Published: January 2023

This article examines the implied assumption that the concept of time in both Ecclesiastes and the Mahabharata presents a predeterministic view of human life. Such a postulation favours the argument that humans are prisoners of time who cannot overcome their plight because they think that suffering, failure, and oppression are their destiny, determined by time. The analysis suggests that Qohelet neither professes strong predeterminis‑m of time in human life nor gives humans absolute control of their life in time. The Mahabharata does not critique time and predeterminism outright but attributes importance to human endeavours and responsibilities. The acceptance of external forces like time or fate does not completely deny that human power influences destiny. Since humans have the freedom to act in the present time, it is not suitable to claim that God through time predetermines poverty, oppression, violence, and atrocities in human life.
Friendship Mission as a Healing Process after Trauma
Authors: Tiranda Petrus , Mongan Sanda
Published: January 2023

This article discusses friendship mission as a healing process after a traumatic experience. It builds on a case study of members of the Toraja Church, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, regarding their experiences of the Darul Islam / Indonesian Islamic Army (DI/TII) rebellion, led by Kahar Muzakkar. Using a literature review and interviews, the article offers a model of friendship mission as a solution in the process of recovering from the trauma caused by violence of the perpetrators of Kahar Muzakkar's DI/TII rebellion.
Judiciary institutions and violent crime in American Indian nations
Authors: Kern Florian G. , Gleditsch Kristian Skrede , Cordell Rebecca
Published: January 2023

In many American Indian nations the security situation is dire. While scholars have studied how institutions shape economic development in American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) nations, the role of AIAN institutions for security and violent crime has received much less attention—despite the extensive literature highlighting the important role of effective and legitimate institutions in the long‐term decline of violence. We analyze how varying types of American Indian polities and judiciary institutions fare in tackling violent crime using data across 146 American Indian polities. Our findings indicate that more autonomous American Indian criminal justice institutions with specialized court systems are associated with lower violent crime. However, customary justice institutions do not appear to be effective in reducing violent crime, highlighting the problem of cultural mismatch between traditional and formal justice systems. We argue that analyzing AIAN nations provides important insights into how institutional legitimacy can shape violent crime.
Drug information‐seeking behaviours of physicians, nurses and pharmacists: A systematic literature review
Authors: Tan Yu Xin Fiona , Lim Suzanne Tze Yin , Lim Jun Liang , Ng Tao Tao Magdeline , Chng Hui Ting
Published: January 2023

Background

Medication use typically involves physicians prescribing, pharmacists reviewing, and nurses administering medications to patients. Drug information (DI) is often required during the process, with the various health care professionals (HCPs) seeking information differently according to their needs and familiarity with various resources.

Objective

This systematic literature review aims to evaluate studies on drug information‐seeking behaviour (ISB) of physicians, nurses and pharmacists to ascertain their DI needs, DI sources used, facilitators and barriers to DI‐seeking.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase.com, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library to identify eligible primary research articles published between January 2000 and May 2020.

Results

The reviewed studies (N = 48) revealed that HCPs have a wide range of DI needs, with the top needs being similar across the three HCPs. Information sources used most often by all three groups were tertiary, followed by human and primary sources. Factors relating to the source characteristics were the most reported facilitators and barriers to DI‐seeking. Some differences in drug ISB were also identified.

Conclusion

Our findings can also guide information providers and educators to optimize information provision. It may also facilitate effective communication amongst HCPs when obtaining DI from or providing DI to one another.
Effects of refractory metal additives on diboride‐based ultra‐high temperature ceramics: A review
Authors: Meng Jiawei , Fang Huiyi , Wang Hongyu , Wu Yun , Wei Chuncheng , Li Shuang , Geng Xin , Li Xiaowei , Zhang Jipeng , Wen Guangwu , Wang Peng
Published: January 2023

Diboride‐based ultra‐high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a special class of ceramics with excellent comprehensive properties, which have extensive potential applications in extreme environments. However, their practical applications are limited, mainly due to the poor fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance. Refractory metals have high melting points, good ductility, and high toughness, which have huge potential to improve the properties of diboride‐based ceramics. As a special class of additives, they have been adopted to promote densification, improve microstructure, and properties. However, diboride‐based ceramics containing refractory metals have not received adequate attention due to relatively weak practical effects on property improvement. The present review highlights the progress and existing problems of transition metal diborides with refractory metal additives, including W, Ta, Mo, Nb, Hf, V, Cr, and Zr, focusing mainly on the microstructure change and property improvements, followed by challenges and possible future development strategies.
Shaping immunity for life: Layered development of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Tabilas Cybelle , Smith Norah L. , Rudd Brian D.
Published: January 2023

Historically, the immune system was believed to develop along a linear axis of maturity from fetal life to adulthood. Now, it is clear that distinct layers of immune cells are generated from unique waves of hematopoietic progenitors during different windows of development. This model, known as the layered immune model, has provided a useful framework for understanding why distinct lineages of B cells and γδ T cells arise in succession and display unique functions in adulthood. However, the layered immune model has not been applied to CD8+ T cells, which are still often viewed as a uniform population of cells belonging to the same lineage, with functional differences between cells arising from environmental factors encountered during infection. Recent studies have challenged this idea, demonstrating that not all CD8+ T cells are created equally and that the functions of individual CD8+ T cells in adults are linked to when they were created in the host. In this review, we discuss the accumulating evidence suggesting there are distinct ontogenetic subpopulations of CD8+ T cells and propose that the layered immune model be extended to the CD8+ T cell compartment.
Hands‐on Digital Design Course during the Pandemic: Moulding Design for Fabricating Small Objects
Authors: Özman Gizem Özerol , Selçuk Semra Arslan
Published: January 2023

Due to the pandemic conditions, hands‐on courses in architectural education were conducted remotely and their presentation had to be reconsidered. Hands‐on courses, by their nature, support learning and learner‐instructor interaction in the classroom environment. It was necessary to develop innovative solutions to ensure this interaction in virtual classrooms. This study discusses a method we experienced in the 2021–2022 spring semester of the “Principles of Digital Design and Fabrication in Architecture” course given at Gazi University. To combat potential interaction deficits, “problem‐based learning (PBL)” and “learning by doing (LBD)” teaching methods were applied. While reflecting on foreseen problems in the curriculum on the students, we determined the distance education process causes different reflections on students in terms of digital modelling and fabrication techniques. All constraints and problem determinations obtained by the students were classified and a way to solve these problems developed with the LBD style. By the end of the course, the students, who were expected to design a small 3D object, first designed the mould then realised their fabrication of the object. In this process, while the foreseen problems and curriculum determined at the beginning overlapped, other problem determinations and their reflections formed an important base for the future curriculum.
Global variation in unique and redundant mammal functional diversity across the daily cycle
Authors: Cox Daniel T. C. , Baker David J. , Gardner Alexandra S. , Gaston Kevin J.
Published: January 2023

Aim

Organisms primarily influence ecosystems through their functional traits when they are physically active. Following the nocturnal bottleneck, the expansion of mammals into the daytime expanded mammalian functional diversity (FD), however there is also notable overlap in trait space across diel niches leading to redundant FD. We explore how the unique and redundant contribution of each diel niche varies spatially and in relation to natural variation in light and temperature.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Extant mammals.

Methods

Based on five major functional traits (body mass, litter size, diet breadth, foraging strata, habitat breadth) for 5033 extant terrestrial mammals, we determine biogeographical variation in nocturnal, crepuscular, cathemeral and diurnal FD. We calculate the proportion of mammalian FD that is unique to each diel niche, and the proportion that is redundant across the daily cycle.

Results

The diversification of mammals into the daytime resulted in the creation of new FD (28.5% of FD is not nocturnal; Lower Quartile 17.3%; Upper Quartile 38.2%). Most of this expansion occurred at higher latitudes where uniquely cathemeral FD dominates (>55°N, 41.1% of mammalian FD; Lower Quartile 33.3%, Upper Quartile 53.6%), associated with fewer hours of biologically useful moonlight and daylight. Where there are more hours of biologically useful daylight, unique diurnal FD is common. However, more than half of non‐nocturnal FD is redundant, increasing ecosystem stability as different species carry out similar functions at different times of day, and suggesting that many mammals have not diversified far from their nocturnal ancestors.

Main conclusions

Over much of the land surface more than a half of FD only occurs at night, underscoring the importance of nocturnal mammals for ecosystems. Understanding diel variation in FD not only informs on community structure and ecosystem function but also on ecosystem functional persistence in the Anthropocene, with pressures at night being particularly concerning.
Comparison of warfarin with direct oral anticoagulants for thromboembolic prophylaxis after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Deshmukh Amrish , Gunda Sampath , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Ghannam Michael , Liang Jackson , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Jongnarangsin Krit , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Thromboembolic events after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) can result in significant morbidity. Thromboembolic prophylaxis after catheter ablation can be achieved by the use of antiplatelet agents, vitamin K antagonists, or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The relative safety and efficacy of these modes of prophylaxis are uncertain. We sought to compare the outcomes of patients who received warfarin or DOACs for thromboembolic prophylaxis after catheter ablation of VT.

Methods and Results

Anticoagulation with DOACS was started after left ventricular VT ablation in a series of 42 consecutive patients with structural heart disease (67 ± 11 years, 3 women, ejection fraction 32 ± 14%). Duration of hospital stay, bleeding episodes, and thromboembolic events were compared to a historic consecutive group of patients (n = 38, 65 ± 13 years, 14 women, ejection fraction 36 ± 13%) in whom anticoagulation with a formerly described protocol of heparin and vitamin K antagonist was used after VT ablation procedures. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the group where DOACs were used as compared to vitamin K antagonists (3.3 ± 1.8 vs. 5.0 ± 2.5 days postablation; p = 0.001) without an increase of bleeding or thromboembolic events.

Conclusion

Anticoagulation with DOACs is safe and shortens hospital stay in patients with structural heart disease undergoing left ventricular VT ablation procedures.
On the horns of a dilemma: Experts as communicators for property‐level flood risk adaptation measures
Authors: Davids Peter R. , Priest Sally , Hartmann Thomas
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the role of flood risk experts in supporting homeowners to implement property‐level flood risk adaption (PLFRA). Homeowners can reduce their flood risks by implementing PLFRA. However, oftentimes they need advice on what sort of and how to implement PLFRA. This means that tailored experts advice is necessary to inform homeowners on such measures. But experience shows that mere information is often insufficient to motivate homeowners to realise measures. This contribution explores the reasons for the ineffectiveness of expert advice by investigating how expert advice responds to homeowners' rationalities. Based on a case study from Flanders, Belgium, this paper reveals how the relation between experts and homeowners differs related to different rationalities of homeowners. The paper uses Cultural Theory to discuss strategies on how experts, providing advice on property‐level risk adaption, could move beyond engineering skills by also using risk communication skills in order to involve homeowners in flood risk governance.
The impact of providing flexible meals on patients' nutritional intake, fasting times and cost when admitted to a trauma unit
Authors: Lee Ellen , Singleton Justin , Murphy Annette , Heaney Susan
Published: January 2023

Background

Malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, decreased quality of life, increased length of hospital stay and higher treatment costs. Prevalence rates in Australian hospitals is reported between 30% and 50%. Trauma patients experience significant periods of restricted oral intake resulting from pre‐operative fasting for complex and frequent surgical procedures. In addition, they have elevated nutritional requirements for recovery resulting in significant accrued nutritional deficits. The present study hypothesised that not having hot meals available outside of the hospital food service system was contributing to increased nutritional deficits. The study aimed to investigate the impact of providing flexible frozen meals and snacks in a trauma ward, on nutritional intake, cost and duration of perioperative fasting.

Methods

This was a pre‐ and post‐interventional study examining 40 fasting experiences of hospitalised patients in a trauma ward. Frozen meals and snack bags were readily accessible to nursing staff to provide to patients out of kitchen service hours. Nutritional intake and fasting times were measured from patient records and interviews.

Results

Implementing flexible food items increased patient nutritional intake by 28% (15%–43%) on the day of fasting. Fasting duration was not significantly reduced (1.73 h); however, when patient fasting was ceased, food was provided more responsively. Nursing staff showed improved satisfaction with project implementation.

Conclusions

The present study has demonstrated that provision of food items outside of regular meal service hours is a low cost intervention that improves nutritional intake, provides nutrition more responsively and is well received by nursing staff.
The 10‐year trajectory of aggressive behaviours in autistic individuals
Authors: Laverty C. , Agar G. , Sinclair‐Burton L. , Oliver C. , Moss J. , Nelson L. , Richards C.
Published: January 2023

Background

Aggressive behaviours are common in people with neurodevelopmental conditions, contributing to poorer quality of life and placement breakdown. However, there is limited empirical research documenting the prevalence and persistence of aggressive behaviours in autism. In this longitudinal study, aggressive behaviours were investigated in a sample of autistic individuals over 10 years.

Methods

Caregivers of autistic individuals, both with and without intellectual disability, completed questionnaires relating to the presence of aggressive behaviours atT1[N = 229, mean age in years 11.8, standard deviation (SD) 5.9],T2(T1 + 3 years,N = 81, mean age in years 15.1, SD 5.9) andT3(T1 + 10 years,N = 54, mean age in years 24.5, SD 8.1). Analyses examined the presence and persistence of aggressive behaviours and the predictive value of established correlates of aggression.

Results

Aggressive behaviours were common at baseline (61.6%) but only persistent in 30% of the sample over 10 years. Higher composite scores of overactivity and impulsivity atT1were significantly associated with the persistence of aggressive behaviours atT2(P = 0.027) andT3(P = 0.012) with medium effect size.

Conclusions

Aggressive behaviours are common in autism, but reduce with age. Behavioural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predict the presence and persistence of aggressive behaviour and as such may be useful clinical indicators to direct proactive intervention resources to ameliorate aggressive behaviours.
Anti‐parasitic function of tree‐rubbing behaviour in brown bears suggested by an in vitro test on a generalist ectoparasite
Authors: Blaise A. , Kiewra D. , Chrząścik K. , Selva N. , Popiołek M. , Sergiel A.
Published: January 2023

Rubbing against various objects or self‐anointing with pungent substances are behaviours observed in many mammal species. The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a non‐territorial species that rubs against trees with the main purpose being intraspecific communication. In addition, some odorous substances are known for eliciting rubbing behaviour and hence are used to lure bears to trees in studies relying on non‐invasive hair collection. Tree‐rubbing is often accompanied by clawing and debarking which release tree resin that impregnates the fur and can potentially deter ectoparasites. Here, we present a study aiming to determine whether ticks, being widely spread and an important vector of pathogens, are repelled by resin products known to attract bears and elicit rubbing behaviour, namely turpentine and beech tar. Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were offered a binary microhabitat choice by placing them in the middle of individual horizontal tubes with tested substances placed on filter paper at one end, and distilled water as a control (neutral) substance at the other. Their behaviour was recorded for three minutes. Ticks consistently touched the neutral end of the tube while avoiding treated ones. Overall, ticks remained at greater distances from treatments than from water. A fitted logarithmic regression showed ticks did not spend more than seconds at a treated side, supporting our prediction that ticks are repelled by turpentine and beech tar. Parasite repellency may bring a further advantage in rubbing behaviour trade‐offs, compensating some energetical costs, and adds a trait to the behaviour important in seemingly divergent contexts of intraspecific communication and defense against ectoparasites.
Law and the political stakes of global crises: Lessons from development practice for a coronavirus world
Authors: Desai Deval
Published: January 2023

Law has translated the coronavirus crisis into politically salient forms in people's lives, from states of emergency, to border closures, to mask mandates. Yet political theory work on these forms has focused on constraining arbitrary state power. In this paper, I try to broaden this focus. Substantively, I argue that policy and its implementation also matter to how we theorize the role of law in crises, in terms of how we understand the political power of society and its relationship to the state. Methodologically, I argue that thinking about law in this way is more than a complement to or replacement for thinking about constraints on arbitrariness. Rather, different forms of thinking about law and crisis should constantly be used to critique each other in order to pursue the sorts of legal innovations required by geomobile and interconnected crises. Given that the current pandemic and its broader consequences are still unfolding, I turn to development policy and practice to demonstrate the process and consequence of such ongoing critique in action. Studying rule of law reforms—including during the West African Ebola crisis—I show how practitioners continually reimagined law in ways that facilitated ongoing legal innovation that could adapt to the politics of the crisis.
Genomic signatures of inbreeding depression for a threatened Aotearoa New Zealand passerine
Authors: Duntsch Laura , Whibley Annabel , de Villemereuil Pierre , Brekke Patricia , Bailey Sarah , Ewen John G. , Santure Anna W.
Published: January 2023

For small and isolated populations, the increased chance of mating between related individuals can result in a substantial reduction in individual and population fitness. Despite the increasing availability of genomic data to measure inbreeding accurately across the genome, inbreeding depression studies for threatened species are still scarce due to the difficulty of measuring fitness in the wild. Here, we investigate inbreeding and inbreeding depression for the extensively monitored Tiritiri Mātangi island population of a threatened Aotearoa New Zealand passerine, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta). First, using a custom 45 k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, we explore genomic inbreeding patterns by inferring homozygous segments across the genome. Although all individuals have similar levels of ancient inbreeding, highly inbred individuals are affected by recent inbreeding, which can probably be explained by bottleneck effects such as habitat loss after European arrival and their translocation to the island in the 1990s. Second, we investigate genomic inbreeding effects on fitness, measured as lifetime reproductive success, and its three components, juvenile survival, adult annual survival and annual reproductive success, in 363 hihi. We find that global inbreeding significantly affects juvenile survival but none of the remaining fitness traits. Finally, we employ a genome‐wide association approach to test the locus‐specific effects of inbreeding on fitness, and identify 13 SNPs significantly associated with lifetime reproductive success. Our findings suggest that inbreeding depression does impact hihi, but at different genomic scales for different traits, and that purging has therefore failed to remove all variants with deleterious effects from this population of conservation concern.
Why philosophy needs a concept of progress
Authors: Norton James
Published: January 2023

This paper defends the usefulness of the concept of philosophical progress and the common assumption that philosophy and science aim to make the same, or a comparable, kind of progress. It does so by responding to Yafeng Shan's (2022) arguments that the wealth of research on scientific progress is not applicable or useful to philosophy, and that philosophy doesn't need a concept of progress at all. It is ultimately argued that while Shan's arguments are not successful, they reveal the way forward in developing accounts of philosophical progress.
A Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector targets a potato ubiquitin‐like domain‐containing protein to inhibit the proteasome activity and hamper plant immunity
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Li Tingting , Zhang Xiaojiang , Feng Jiashu , Liu Zhuting , Shan Weixing , Joosten Matthieu H. A. J. , Govers Francine , Du Yu
Published: January 2023

Ubiquitin‐like domain‐containing proteins (UDPs) are involved in the ubiquitin‐proteasome system because of their ability to interact with the 26S proteasome. Here, we identified potato StUDP as a target of the Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi06432 (PITG_06432), which supresses the salicylic acid (SA)‐related immune pathway.

By overexpressing and silencing of StUDP in potato, we show that StUDP negatively regulates plant immunity against P. infestans. StUDP interacts with, and destabilizes, the 26S proteasome subunit that is referred to as REGULATORY PARTICLE TRIPLE‐A ATP‐ASE (RPT) subunit StRPT3b. This destabilization represses the proteasome activity. Proteomic analysis and Western blotting show that StUDP decreases the stability of the master transcription factor SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1) in SA biosynthesis.

StUDP negatively regulates the SA signalling pathway by repressing the proteasome activity and destabilizing StSARD1, leading to a decreased expression of the SARD1‐targeted gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 and thereby a decrease in SA content. Pi06432 stabilizes StUDP, and it depends on StUDP to destabilize StRPT3b and thereby supress the proteasome activity.

Our study reveals that the P. infestans effector Pi06432 targets StUDP to hamper the homeostasis of the proteasome by the degradation of the proteasome subunit StRPT3b and thereby suppresses SA‐related immunity.
Early diagnosis of ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, alopecia, and sclerosing cholangitis syndrome: A case report
Authors: Bourkas Adrienn N. , Pope Elena , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto , Kamath Binita M. , Lara‐Corrales Irene
Published: January 2023

Congenital ichthyosis is a genodermatosis characterized by abnormal epidermal differentiation. The neonatal period is critical for patients with ichthyosis because of the risk for significant comorbidities and associated mortality, with most complications resulting from impaired barrier function. Early recognition can significantly alter the clinical course of this rare disease. Here we present a neonate with ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, alopecia, and sclerosing cholangitis syndrome (ILVASC), a rare inherited disease, to highlight how an interdisciplinary approach led to prompt assessment, confirmation of a genetic diagnosis and management of potential complications.
Subjective versus objective sleep outcomes in older adults with and without uncoupled sleep following online cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia
Authors: Kutzer Yvonne , Whitehead Lisa , Quigley Eimear , Fu Shih Ching , Stanley Mandy
Published: January 2023

Background

Uncoupled sleep is a phenomenon characterised by a disconnect between sleep pattern and sleep complaint. This study examined the impact of uncoupled sleep on dysfunctional sleep beliefs and objective and subjective sleep outcomes in community‐dwelling older adults following digitally delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT‐I) to assess how these groups respond to CBT‐I.

Methods

Objective sleep was measured using wrist actigraphy, subjective sleep quality via sleep diaries and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dysfunctional sleep beliefs were assessed by the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale (DBAS‐16). All measurements were taken prior to and following a 4‐week online CBT‐I program. Linear mixed model and generalised linear mixed model analyses were conducted to examine objective and subjective sleep onset latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings as well as PSQI and DBAS‐16 scores, respectively.

Results

Out of 80 enrolled participants, 62 participants (55 females, 89%; 16 complaining good sleepers, 26 complaining poor sleepers, 11 non‐complaining good sleepers, and nine non‐complaining poor sleepers) completed the study. CBT‐I reduced dysfunctional sleep beliefs across all sleeper classifications. Objective and self‐reported changes in sleep parameters were demonstrated in complaining poor sleepers without uncoupled sleep. Complaining good sleepers with uncoupled sleep only reported a decrease in the number of subjective sleep awakenings. There were no changes in sleep outcomes in non‐complaining good and non‐complaining poor sleepers.

Conclusions

Online CBT‐I was effective in improving the sleep outcomes of individuals who had both subjective and objective poor sleep. However, as the online CBT‐I reduced dysfunctional sleep beliefs in all sleep groups, further examination of dysfunctional sleep beliefs and whether they mediate the outcomes of digital CBT‐I in older adults will need to be conducted.
Impact of extreme temperatures on the performance evaluation of China's work‐related injury insurance system
Authors: Zhang Lina , Jia Zihao , Chiu Yung‐Ho , Pang Qinghua , Xu Xia
Published: January 2023

With the influence of climate change resulting in more extreme days, a rise in the number of work‐related injuries could be expected. The literature has addressed the performance evaluation of a work‐related injury insurance (WII) system via a two‐stage structure with input/output correlation as well as the impact of extreme temperatures under different scenarios. This article thus evaluates the performance of a system comprised of operational and service sub‐systems under three scenarios of extreme temperatures and proposes a hybrid two‐stage dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with nondiscretionary variables for measuring integrated WII efficiency under the three scenarios. The results are as follows: (1) the poor performance of the operational and service sub‐systems leads to the integrated WII system's low efficiency for 30 provinces in China during 2010–2019, except for Zhejiang, Hainan, and Qinghai. (2) Extreme temperatures must be considered when measuring WII efficiency and its stage efficiencies, or otherwise WII efficiency and operational efficiency will be underestimated in 19 provinces. (3) The negative impacts of extreme temperatures on the efficiency of the integrated WII system should be taken notice of, especially for Sichuan.