bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypercalcaemia Secondary to Disseminated Mycobacterium Abscessus and Mycobacterium Fortuitum
Authors: Kuthiah Navin , Chaozer Er
Published: September 2019

The incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is on the rise with many cases still going unreported. Given the vague and nonspecific clinical features of NTM infections, it is often missed or mistaken for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The presumption that NTM infections are benign and do not contribute to morbidity no longer holds true. NTM infections need to be considered in patients with disseminated multisystem disease and in those not responding to standard M. tuberculosis treatment. As NTM infection is associated with granuloma formation, it can result in hypercalcaemia. Interestingly, there is evidence that there may be other mechanisms in play contributing to hypercalcaemia besides the increased calcitriol levels.
The Prevalence and Impact of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Inpatients Admitted to a District General Hospital in England: A 1-Week Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Weichert Immo
Published: September 2019

Background

Mental health problems are amongst the most frequent health problems throughout life and they interfere deeply with physical wellbeing. This study investigated the prevalence and impact of psychiatric comorbidities in a general hospital in the National Health Service.

Methods

A single-centre cross-sectional study of all inpatients during a 1-week period.

Results

The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was 11.8% in 2,444 inpatients. These patients had higher inpatient mortality (8.7 vs 3.3%; p < 0.001), 30-day readmission rates (24.7 vs 9.7%; p < 0.001), length of stay (mean 16.7 vs 5 days; p < 0.001), admission numbers (mean 1.3 vs 0.6; p < 0.001) and emergency department presentations in the year prior to their index admission (mean 2.3 vs 1.1; p < 0.001). A total of 86.2% were admitted via emergency medicine, with peaks on Saturdays and Tuesdays, in the afternoon and around midnight.

Conclusion

This detailed account of psychiatric comorbidity in a general hospital shows a significant prevalence of mental health problems and its effect in a large general hospital serving a mixed urban and rural population in the UK.
Dr James Riley, Pioneer in Histamine and Mast Cell Studies
Authors: Lowe Graham
Published: September 2019

Dr James Riley, an honours graduate of Edinburgh University, had to give up a surgical career because of an affliction of his hands, and instead became a radiotherapist in Dundee. He had always been fascinated by past heroes of medical research, and set out to carve his own niche in the study of mast cells. In the early 1950s, no one knew what their function was other than the mast cell granules being the storehouses of heparin. Riley and pharmacologist Dr Geoffrey West went on to galvanise this area of study by showing in a notable series of experiments that the mast cell granules are also the main repository of histamine, a key participant in allergic and anaphylactic reactions. Riley's story is a prime example of the ability to make cutting-edge discoveries even in the face of modest facilities.
The Mary Walker Effect: Mary Broadfoot Walker
Authors: McCarter Stuart J , Burkholder David B , Klaas James P , Martinez-Thompson Jennifer M , Boes Christopher J
Published: September 2019

Mary Broadfoot Walker (1888-1974) was the first to demonstrate the ‘Mary Walker effect’ describing the weakness of other muscle groups following release of the arteriovenous occlusion of an unrelated exercising muscle group in patients with myasthenia gravis, which led to the search for a circulating causative agent for myasthenia gravis. She was the first to clearly demonstrate that strength temporarily improved in patients with myasthenia gravis with physostigmine or Prostigmin (neostigmine). This dramatic treatment response has been erroneously termed the ‘Mary Walker effect'. Further, she noted hypokalaemia during attacks of weakness in familial periodic paralysis, pioneering treatment with potassium chloride. Although Mary Walker practiced in a nonacademic setting and trained at a time when women were not allowed to train alongside men, she was the first to convincingly demonstrate three life-changing treatments in the field of neuromuscular medicine, a feat that few physicians of any era can claim.
Percutaneous Repair for the Treatment of Rupture of the Achilles Tendon: A Study of 20 Cases
Authors: Salunkhe Gautam D
Published: September 2019

Background

Despite many techniques used for repair of the ruptured Achilles tendon, uncertainty of healing of the surgical wound remains a problem. This mainly determines the success of the surgery. The long-term results generally result in healing of the rupture, but poor healing of the wound occurs repeatedly. This causes apprehension in advising surgery over a conservative approach.

Objectives

To study the outcome of 20 cases of acute rupture of the Achilles tendon treated by the percutaneous technique.

Materials and methods

From March 2004 to March 2012, 20 cases of acute Achilles tendon rupture were treated by percutaneous repair by the method of Ma and Griffith. Modifications were used in distal end and delayed repairs. Immobilization was used after surgery. Postoperative complications were observed, and results assessed using the Leppilahti score after 6 months. Follow-up was done for 2 years.

Results

Percutaneous repair had significantly good results in 95% cases. There were two cases of sural nerve hypoesthesia, which was a minor problem and in no way hampered the longterm result. There were no re-ruptures. Patient satisfaction was high in terms of final result and cosmesis.

Conclusion

Percutaneous repair is a safe and reliable method for repair of the Achilles tendon rupture. It has a minor complication rate, and is advisable over open surgery.

How to cite this article

Salunkhe GD. Percutaneous Repair for the Treatment of Rupture of the Achilles tendon: A Study of 20 Cases. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(2):51-59.
Retrograde Tibial Nailing for Arthrodesis of Ankle and Subtalar Joints
Authors: Kulkarni Govind Shivram , Kulkarni Milind Govind , Kulkarni Sunil Govind , Kulkarni Vidisha Sunil , Kulkarni Ruta Milind
Published: September 2019

Introduction

When ankle and subtalar joints are arthritic and painful they both need fusion. Principles of treatment by fusion are removal of cartilage till bleeding of subchondral bone, keeping the joint surfaces congruous, proper positioning of the foot and ankle and stable fixation.

Materials and methods

During the last 10 years, 16 cases of retrograde nailing were done. Eight cases were post-traumatic, one was tuberculosis, three for Charcot joint and three for osteoarthritis of the ankle joint, and one case of rheumatoid arthritis. All patients had severe pain instability, varying degrees of deformities and antalgic gain. Two cases were treated with supracondylar femoral interlocking nail. Nine cases were treated with antegrade tibial nail as retrograde nail. Nine cases were treated with retrograde tibial nails with posteroanterior calcaneal screws. Two cases were treated with special nails newly designed by Smith and Nephew. Initially, older the calcaneus had two latero-medial screws. Newer designs of nail have two posteroanterior screws, passing from calcaneal tuberosity through the nail—one towards cuboid and the other towards talus. These two screws have increased the stability of the construct and improved the outcome. Mann's technique of ankle fusion was used. Fibular strut was used as bone graft and fixed by one screws into the tibia and the other into talus. Indian tibia is smaller in diameter with a narrow intramedullary canal. Indian tibia need to have a nail with a smaller diameter.

Results

When supracondylar femoral and antegrade tibial nails were used, 4 out of 5 failed. When newer design nails with posteroanterior calcaneal screws were used, outcome improved 2 out of 11 failed.

Conclusion

Newer design of retrograde tibial nails with two posteroanterior screws have greatly improved the outcome of pantalar arthrodesis.

How to cite this article

Kulkarni GS, Kulkarni MG, Kulkarni SG, Kulkarni VS, Kulkarni RM. Retrograde Tibial Nailing for Arthrodesis of Ankle and Subtalar Joints. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia- Pacific) 2015;2(2):60-70.
Isolated Tuberculosis of Talonavicular Joint of Foot
Authors: Singh Deepinderjit , Lakhani Amit
Published: September 2019

Tuberculosis of foot is a rare entity, accounting for only 10% of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Its ability to mimic other common disorders can lead to delay in the diagnosis and proper treatment, particularly when it occurs in isolation. Here, we present a rare case of isolated tuberculosis of talonavicular joint of foot in an otherwise healthy male of 26 years.

How to cite this article

Singh D, Lakhani A, Kaur G. Isolated Tuberculosis of Talonavicular Joint of Foot. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(2):94-96.
Management of Open Injuries of the Foot: Current Concepts
Authors: Singh Navjot , Singh Avtar , Vohra Rajeev , Singh Kanwar K , Singh Inderdeep
Published: September 2019

Open fractures of the foot are rare, and a few surgeons see the whole spectrum of these injuries. When confronted with open injuries of the foot, the decision to salvage the foot needs to be taken after thorough assessment of bony and soft tissue injuries and the associated life-threatening injuries. Foot and ankle surgeon, plastic surgeon, and vascular surgeon must work as a team to provide a pain-free functional and plantigrade foot that fits into a conventional shoe or a brace.

Aggressive debridement and wound management remains the cornerstone of modern surgical treatment. If debridement and wound management can convert a contaminated traumatic wound into a clean surgical wound, which can be adequately covered within 7 to 10 days, then definitive skeletal fixation is advised. In the presence of severe soft tissue and bony injuries, the reconstruction needs to be staged and planned to match the unique personality of the patient and injury.

Amputation can be a positive step toward decreasing the overall morbidity in the presence of severe injury and poor host biology. Despite appropriate treatment, the prognosis of the patient with severe open foot injuries remains guarded.

How to cite this article

Vohra R, Singh A, Singh KK, Singh I, Singh N, Bansal A. Management of Open Injuries of the Foot: Current Concepts. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2016;3(1): 28-40.
Diabetic Foot Infection Impostors
Authors: Jindal Radhika , Wangnoo Subhash K , Siddiqui Mohammad A
Published: September 2019

Diabetic foot complications continue to be the main reason for diabetes-related hospitalization and lower extremity amputations. Most can be cured if managed properly. But improper diagnostic and therapeutic approaches result in many patients needlessly undergoing amputations. There are many other conditions “imposing” as a diabetic foot, which may mislead the diagnosis and management. One should be aware of these conditions and keep a watchful eye for them as well in a diabetic patient. Every ulcer in a diabetic need not be a diabetic foot ulcer. Some of these diabetic foot infection imposters are discussed herewith and these include pyoderma gangrenosum, squamous cell carcinoma in a chronic ulcer, venous ulcer, bullosis diabeticorum, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, malignant melanoma, thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), superficial thrombophlebitis, erythema nodosum, and granuloma annulare.

How to cite this article

Wangnoo SK, Jindal R, Siddiqui MA. Diabetic Foot Infection Impostors. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia- Pacific) 2016;3(2):88-91.
Short Scarf Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus: Short-term and Medium-term Results
Authors: Rachha Rajesh , Dalal Rakesh , Leonard David , Chourasia Ajay , Javed Saqib
Published: September 2019

Aim

The scarf osteotomy, as popularized by Barouk, is a versatile osteotomy for the correction of moderate and severe hallux valgus deformity. However, this technique requires extensive exposure, fixation, and increased operative time, and is technically demanding. We describe and present our results of a short scarf osteotomy (SSO), which retains all the cuts of a standard scarf but requires a reduced exposure, less metalwork, less operating time, and is more economical.

Materials and methods

All patients who underwent SSO between January 2010 and December 2012 with minimum follow-up of 12 months were eligible for the study. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative radiographs were available for radiological assessment.

Results

In this study, 84 patients and 94 feet were included; 90% of patients were satisfied overall, with 83% of patients recommending this surgery to a friend. The hallux valgus angle improved from a preoperative mean of 30.89° (17.4—46.8) to 12° (4—30) postoperatively (p = 0.0001). The intermetatarsal angle improved from a preoperative mean of 15.05° (10.3—21.1) to 7.14° (4—15.1) postoperatively (p = 0.0001). The average sesamoid coverage improved from grade 2.18 (1—3) preoperatively to 0.57 (0—2) postoperatively (p = 0.0001). The average American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score improved from 51.26 (32—88) preoperatively to 91.1 (72—100) postoperatively (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

We believe that this osteotomy is a novel procedure producing good to excellent results in most cases of hallux valgus. Biologically, the decreased exposure should improve healing and reduce the risk of avascular necrosis. We strongly recommend this osteotomy for most cases of hallux valgus surgery.

How to cite this article

Dalal R, Rachha R, Leonard D, Chourasia A, Javed S. Short Scarf Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus: Short-term and Medium-term Results. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(1):14-18.
Outcome of Tibio-talo-calcaneal Arthrodesis using Supracondylar Femoral Intramedullary Interlocking Nail
Authors: Hiranya kumar S , Revuri Praneeth , Shah Ashish D
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Tibiotalar arthritis of foot is a progressive pathology; if left untreated, patients experience excruciating pain at every step while walking/weight bearing. The treatment depends on whether the pain is to be managed conservatively or surgically. This article is intended for the description of a technique performing tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCA) using an indigenous femur supracondylar nail, an intramedullary fixation.

Materials and methods

This article contains a prospective study of 21 patients with a mean age of 46 years, males — 13 and females — 8, who underwent TTCA with intramedullary fixation for the diagnoses of osteoarthrosis (6 patients), rheumatoid arthritis (6 patients), and arthritis secondary to avascular necrosis (AVN) of talus/trauma (9 patients), with a mean follow-up interval of 22 months.

Results

Out of 21 patients, 96.55% union rate was achieved at a mean time to union of 16 weeks, with one patient (3.45%) going for delayed union.

Conclusion

Intramedullary nailing is an excellent method of fixation for TTCA in the appropriately selected patients. Using an indigenous supracondylar femoral nail is a cost-effective method, and this gave equivalent results as that of other intramedullary nails in properly selected patients.

How to cite this article

Hiranyakumar S, Revuri P, Shah AD. Outcome of Tibio-talo-calcaneal Arthrodesis using Supracondylar Femoral Intramedullary Interlocking Nail. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(1):23-29.
Rare Lytic Lesions of the Talus: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Pandey Vivek , Senthil Vishnu , Acharya Kiran
Published: September 2019

Patients presenting with prolonged ankle pain following trivial trauma should be clinically and radiologically investigated. We present two young adults with incidentally diagnosed lytic lesion of talus. They underwent extended curettage and biopsy. Histopathological examination proved as aneurysmal and simple bone cyst and went for a secondary procedure of bone grafting. We want to emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis in the management of lytic lesions and complete removal of tumor.

How to cite this article

Senthil V, Pandey V, Acharya K. Rare Lytic Lesions of the Talus: A Diagnostic Challenge. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(1):49-52.
Management of Fracture of Posterior Malleolus, Trimalleolar Fracture, Fracture Dislocations, and Syndesmosis Injury of Ankle Joint
Authors: Gawali Satish R , Toshniwal Raman O , Kukale, Shashikant B , Nirvane, Pramod V
Published: September 2019

Background

Malleolar fractures of ankle are usually complex injuries, as they are associated with significant ligament and soft tissue injury—injury to syndesmosis and injury to medial and lateral collateral ligaments. The open reduction and internal fixation is not feasible until recovery of significant soft tissue injury and subsidence of edema. Malleolar fractures are articular fractures and have associated subluxation and dislocation of talus. The aims of treatment are to restore normal anatomy and provide sufficient stability for early movements.

Malleolar fractures more often require open reduction. Our study aimed to know efficacy and outcome of operative management of them.

Materials and methods

From January 2013 to March 2015, 35 patients with syndesmotic ankle injury and trimalleolar ankle fractures admitted to the Government Medical College, Latur, India, were operated and followed up prospectively.

Results

Mean age of patients is 35 years (25–60 years). Fracture union was seen radiologically in 3 to 4 months depending on fracture geometry. We achieved good to excellent results of 90%.

Conclusion

We conclude that malleolar fractures encountered in clinical practice need thorough assessment and meticulous surgical intervention, as they are associated with injury to ligament complex, i.e., ligament is a key structure in the stability of ankle mortise. Abduction and external rotation types of injuries are the most common types to be seen. We achieved stable fixation and performed early mobilization of the ankle joint, which limits the complications of mainly ankle stiffness. Each malleolus has got its inherent associated complications and calls for special attention for identifying associated conditions, such as syndesmotic injury, talus dislocation in posterior malleolar fractures, irreducible ankle dislocation with trimalleolar fracture, and entrapped fibula behind tibia with irreducible dislocation.

How to cite this article

Gawali SR, Kukale SB, Nirvane PV, Toshniwal RO. Management of Fracture of Posterior Malleolus, Trimalleolar Fracture, Fracture Dislocations, and Syndesmosis Injury of Ankle Joint. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(2):90-96.
A case study of the day-to-day occurrence of plasma irregularities in low-latitude ionosphere from multi-satellite observations
Authors: Luo Weihua , Xiong Chao , Zhu Zhengping , Chang Shanshan , Yu Xiao
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Day-to-day variability of the occurrence of plasma irregularities in low-latitude ionosphere is still an open issue. In this study, we report the occurrence of post-sunset plasma bubbles and blobs detected by the First satellite of the Republic of China (ROCSAT-1) in the same longitude sector (170° E) on two successive days, under geomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions, respectively. Multi-Low Earth orbit (LEO) missions, like the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 and F15, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Challenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) satellites are used to study the preferable conditions for the occurrence of plasma bubbles and blobs. The observations from the CHAMP and GRACE show that the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) was enhanced significantly before the occurrence of plasma irregularities on both two successive days. We suggest that the enhancement of post-sunset eastward electric field is the most important factor for the day-to-day development of the plasma irregularity in equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere. In addition, the meridional neutral wind plays an important role in the occurrence of low-latitude plasma blobs.
Effects of extraction conditions on the redox properties of soil organic matter (SOM) and its ability to stimulate microbial iron(III) mineral reduction by electron shuttling
Authors: Bai Yuge , Subdiaga Edisson , Haderlein Stefan B. , Knicker Heike , Kappler Andreas
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Soil organic matter (SOM), including humic substances (HS), is redox-active, can be microbially reduced, and transfers electrons in an abiotic reaction to Fe(III) minerals thus serving as electron shuttle. The standard procedure to extract HS from soil and separate them into humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) involves alkaline and acidic solutions potentially leading to unwanted changes in SOM chemical and redox properties. To determine the effects of extraction conditions on the redox and electron shuttling properties of SOM extracts, we prepared HS and SOM extracts from a forest soil applying either a combination of 0.1 M NaOH and 6 M HCl, or water (pH 7). Both chemical extractions (NaOH / HCl) and water extractions were done in separate setups under either oxic or anoxic conditions. Furthermore, we applied the NaOH / HCl treatment to a subsample of the water-extracted-SOM. We found that soil extraction with NaOH lead to ca. 100 times more extracted C and the extracted HS had 2–3 times higher electron exchange capacities (EEC) than SOM extracted by water. For water-extracted SOM, anoxic extraction conditions lead to about 7 times more extracted C and 1.5 times higher EEC than under oxic extraction conditions. This difference was probably due to the occurrence of microbial reduction and dissolution of Fe(III) minerals in the soil during the water extraction at neutral pH and the concomitant release of Fe(III) mineral-bound organic matter. NaOH / HCl treatment of the water-extracted SOM lead to 2 times higher EEC values in the HA isolated from the SOM compared to the water-extracted SOM itself, suggesting the chemical treatment with NaOH and HCl caused changes of redox-active functional groups of the extracted organic compounds. Higher EEC of extracts in turn resulted in a higher stimulation of microbial Fe(III) mineral reduction by electron shuttling, i.e. faster initial Fe(III) reduction rates, and in most cases also in higher reduction extents. Our findings suggest that SOM extracted with water at neutral pH should be used to better reflect environmental SOM redox processes in lab experiments and that potential artefacts of the chemical extraction method and anoxic extraction condition need to be considered when evaluating and comparing abiotic and microbial SOM redox processes.
Development of a New Centralized Data Acquisition System for Seismic Exploration
Authors: Guo Feng , Zhang Qisheng , Zhang Qimao , Li Wenhao , Luo Yueyun , Niu Yuefeng , Qiao Shuaiqing
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Seismic exploration equipment has developed rapidly over the past few decades. One such piece of equipment is a centralized seismograph, which plays an important role in engineering, so improving its performance is of great scientific significance. In this research, the core part of general seismic data acquisition devices is packaged to develop a centralized seismic data acquisition system (Named as CUGB-CS48DAS) that has independent operating ability and high scalability, which can be used for seismic exploration in varies engineering usage. Furthermore, by extending and modifying the acquisition circuit and corresponding software, the function of electrical method data acquisition has also been achieved. Thus, the proposed CUGB-CS48DAS makes it possible for joint exploration of seismic and electrical data in a single acquisition station, which is implicitly of great convenience in engineering prospecting. The low-power-consumption computer of the system comprises a 24-bit Σ-△ modulation A/D converter and 48 sampling channels with an optional sampling rate of 50 Hz to 64 kHz, dynamic range ≥ 120 dB, synchronization accuracy better than 200 ns. With regard to the host computer, the architecture of the control software is smart, and it can integrate the multiple functions of data acquisition, preprocessing, and self-testing; clear interfaces reduce the complexity of development and migration. Field tests was implemented to prove that the system is stable and convenient to use, and the performance could meet the demand of high-precision joint exploration.
Acumulación y subjetivación en el neoliberalismo: Estado, workfare y discurso gerencial
Authors: Vega Jiménez Sergio
Published: September 2019

En el siguiente artículo se lleva a cabo un balance de las principales líneas de la crítica al neoliberalismo, concediendo especial importancia a las transformaciones del Estado, al workfare como nuevo modo de regulación y de prestación social, y a los discursos gerenciales, también conocidos como new management o nuevas teorías de gestión empresarial, que se han delineado en las últimas décadas como el discurso gerencial que apuntala los cambios en la organización del trabajo al servi­cio de la maximización del beneficio. Como se expondrá, por el carácter híbrido y heterogéneo del neoliberalismo, se hace necesaria la conjunción de la crítica marxista que aborda este fenómeno como nuevo régimen de acumulación y las críticas de raigambre foucaultiana que lo afrontan como modo de subjetivación o forma de racionalidad.
Factors Affecting Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of CBA Students at Kuwait University
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Qasem
Published: September 2019

This study investigated attitudes towards entrepreneurship of students at the College of Business Administration (CBA) at Kuwait University (KU), attitudes relationships to individual characteristics and contextual and demographic factors. A conceptual framework of four major constructs was designed. It included individual characteristics, contextual factors, demographic factors, and entrepreneurial attitudes. Data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to a stratified random sample of (600) senior and junior students. The response rate was 98%. Study findings showed positive individual characteristics and contextual conditions towards entrepreneurship. Moreover, the results showed strong positive correlations between students’ attitudes, individual characteristics, and contextual conditions. The study results showed no significant correlations between students’ attitudes, gender, and nationality, however, there was a correlation between attitudes and major. The study reached conclusions, noted some practical implications, and makes recommendations.
Políticas habitacionales y urbanismo neoliberal: la intervención estatal en la Villa 20, Argentina (1984-2018)
Authors: Diaz Mariela
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las políticas habitacionales en la Villa 20 de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina, en el periodo neoliberal 1984-2018. Específicamente, se analiza el rol de la intervención estatal de manera longitudinal y su relación con el hábitat popular informal y sus organizaciones barriales, con especial hincapié en la normativa y la regulación urbana, incluyendo antecedentes como la actual Ley No5705/2016 de “Reurbanización, Zonificación e integración sociourbana de la Villa 20”. Se problematiza la relación entre la política habitacional y sus efectos en la trama socio urbana levantando como interrogante ¿Qué tipo de políticas habitacionales generaron integración o, por el contrario, reforzaron la segregación residencial? Se adoptó una estrategia metodológica multi-método, incorporando datos de fuentes primarias y secundarias, incluyendo datos censales, entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave y una observación no participante. Como principal hallazgo, se plantea que, si bien desde la apertura democrática nacional hubo avances en el plano legal, no se tradujeron en una mejora habitacional concreta de las Villas de la ciudad; expresando un desacople entre la ley y su ejecución.
Análisis comparativo 2002-2014 del riesgo volcánico en las localidades de Cherquenco y Melipeuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
Authors: Tapia Valenzuela Javiera Millaray
Published: September 2019

Las fases subplineanas del volcán Llaima (Región de la Araucanía, Chile) representan un alto riesgo para la población de los dos asentamientos humanos más cercanos: Melipeuco y Cherquenco. De esta forma, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es calcular y analizar el riesgo volcánico en ambos pueblos, para los años 2002 y 2014. Para esto, el trabajo se dividió en tres etapas. Primero, una fase de recopilación bibliográfica, donde se buscó sentar las bases de la dinámica del volcán Llaima y su amenaza. En una segunda etapa, se determinó la vulnerabilidad de los asentamientos susceptibles a ser afectados. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis multicriterio con el objetivo de tener una primera aproximación al riesgo volcánico en el área de estudio para los años 2002 y 2014. Los resultados mostraron que las dos áreas de estudio analizadas alcanzan valores de riesgo que aumentan considerablemente en estos doce años de análisis comparativo; sobre todo en el caso de Melipeuco, donde el riesgo pasó de alto a extremo.
Las redes de apoyo familiar: motivación económica y doméstica para allegarse en zonas periféricas de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Saavedra Valentina , Gatica Paulina
Published: September 2019

La política habitacional implementada en Chile, durante las décadas de 1980 y 1990, fue ampliamente destacada por la capacidad que tuvo de reducir el déficit de vivienda. Sin embargo, las estadísticas actuales demuestran que dicho control, ha perdido efectividad en los últimos años, con un alza del déficit habitacional y el allegamiento, en las comunas que mayor número de vivienda social recibieron durante la época mencionada. La presente investigación propone caracterizar dicha alza y explorar las razones que tiene la población para demandar vivienda en sectores periféricos, lejanos a las zonas de servicios y equipamientos. Para ello se explora desde la teoría, el acceso a la vivienda, el allegamiento y las redes de apoyo familiar. En lo específico, se analizaron dos villas ubicadas en la comuna de Puente Alto en Santiago de Chile, bajo un enfoque metodológico mixto que consideró la utilización de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas como análisis de datos estadísticos y entrevistas semi estructuradas. Los resultados de la investigación plantean que son las redes de apoyo las que sustentan el interés de la población por mantenerse en las comunas periféricas, ya que ahí se encuentran sus redes familiares y vecinales, las cuales se constituyen como redes de subsistencia económica y doméstica para hogares, sobretodo, emergentes.
Movilidad urbana en la Patagonia norte argentina: una aproximación a la ciudad turística de San Carlos de Bariloche
Authors: Medina Víctor Damián
Published: September 2019

El giro a la movilidad ha supuesto el reconocimiento de distintas situaciones de desigualdad espacial relativas a los desplazamientos diarios en las ciudades. El presente artículo propone abordar este tipo de asimetrías en San Carlos de Bariloche, una ciudad turística de montaña donde las bajas temperaturas y el relieve accidentado de su suelo caracterizan su entorno ambiental. Se postula que la tenencia de transporte privado interviene decisivamente en las capacidades de movilidad de sus habitantes, amén de otras alternativas de locomoción y de la mayor o menor distancia a núcleos de aprovisionamiento. Para verificar esto se analizan las experiencias de viaje de los pobladores de dos barrios diferencialmente distantes del casco céntrico que además representan distintos perfiles socioeconómicos. La metodología cualitativa adoptada se basa en entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a diez habitantes de los barrios San Francisco y Casa de Piedra. A partir de la indagación de sus trayectos cotidianos, y de los de los miembros de su hogar, se concluye que la capacidad de moverse es menor entre los habitantes de los San Francisco, lo cual no solo tiende a acotar sus desplazamientos y potenciales viajes, sino también la experimentación y apropiación de los distintos espacios de la ciudad.
Todo es Cancha
Authors: Simonetti Grez Sebastián
Published: September 2019

El fútbol amateur, a través de su tipología arquitectónica de la Cancha de Barrio, es el medio de organización y expresión de identidad de los barrios, cuestión que se manifiesta especialmente en el borde de la cancha. Las 207 canchas de Santiago se encuentran en un proceso de abandono, perdiendo su potencial público. El proyecto postula combinar el borde de la cancha con intervenciones arquitectónicas, que permitan transformar estas tipologías en espacios públicos permanentemente activos. El programa permite la implementación del proyecto en diferentes casos de estudio, pues la combinación de 21 plataformas materializan diversas experiencias de la ciudad. El caso de estudio es transformado mediante un borde de equipamiento recreativo vecinal. Una estructura ligera consolida el perímetro entregando un espesor programático al cerramiento del vacío central.
De-Generadas: La Violencia Institucional Capacitista hacia Mujeres con Discapacidad en Chile
Authors: Pino-Morán Juan Andrés , Rodriguez-Garrido Pia
Published: September 2019

El artículo tiene por objetivo problematizar la situación de las mujeres con discapacidad en el Estado de Chile, visibilizando la ausencia de la perspectiva de género en las políticas públicas sobre la discapacidad, lo cual sostiene el problema y sus representaciones históricas dominantes. Como contraparte, emerge el activismo y la agencia de las mujeres con discapacidad subvirtiendo esta situación de precariedad y avanzando en la incidencia pública nacional.
Los Comités Locales de Abastecimiento y Producción (CLAP) bajo el Enfoque Basado en Derechos Humanos
Authors: Pérez Guillermo
Published: September 2019

Los Comités Locales de Abastecimiento y Producción (CLAP) fueron creados a principios de 2016 por el gobierno venezolano como un mecanismo para la distribución de alimentos subsidiados en el marco de una grave crisis económica. Conformados por miembros de organizaciones comunitarias y políticas relacionadas al gobierno, su actuación ha sido polémica desde el inicio, acusados de discriminación y de clientelismo. A pesar de esto, el gobierno los defiende como un instrumento necesario para garantizar los derechos de la población más vulnerable y por ser una herramienta política para ganar la “Guerra económica” a la que responsabiliza por la crisis.

A principios de este año los CLAP recibieron carácter constitucional por una polémica asamblea, sin que los efectos de la crisis hayan disminuido en la población, ni quede claro su aporte real en la protección de sus derechos. Por tanto, se hace indispensable revisar este programa social del gobierno venezolano para comprender su formulación y conocer su contribución a una gobernanza democrática y la defensa de los derechos humanos de los venezolanos. El Enfoque Basado en Derechos Humanos nos otorga las herramientas para lograr este objetivo.
Humberto Díaz-Casanueva y una visión sobre la relación técnica-cultura
Authors: Vera Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo desarrolla a partir de un análisis crítico las principales reflexiones extraídas del texto “La técnica en Alemania vista por un chileno”, de autoría del intelectual Humberto Díaz-Casanueva, publicado en la revista Técnica y cultura nº 6, en el mes de julio de 1937.
El escrito de Díaz Casanueva, que refiere a su impresión respecto al problema de la técnica percibida en el país europeo, es posible de someter a una operación analítica que permite identificar referencias filosóficas, artísticas y culturales que introducen en Chile una reflexión sobre la relación técnica y cultura, recorrido de autores y construcción de un mapa de influencias que otorgan el contexto en que se desarrolla la reflexión de Díaz-Casanueva.
Como principales conclusiones, se pueden advertir aspectos vinculados a esta relación que instalan una discusión relativa a la producción de bienes de consumo industriales y espacios productivos, posibles de ser pensados como prolegómeno de una idea de proyectualidad moderna, que si bien no aparece de manera explícita en el texto analizado, se puede advertir en sus aspectos conceptuales.
Del rollo de papiro al libro impreso. Algunas notas históricas acerca de la formación de la página
Authors: Turrientes Marambio Juan Francisco
Published: September 2019

Este artículo pretende rastrear algunas coordenadas fundamentales de la evolución de la página en tanto elemento constitutivo del libro a lo largo del tiempo. Se busca describir algunos de sus desarrollos, que han respondido tanto a las transformaciones del libro en tanto transmisor de textos como a las necesidades prácticas de sus productores y sus usuarios, los lectores. Esta evolución es un proceso continuo que se alimenta de las experiencias y tradiciones previas, pone en movimiento una voluntad persistente de organizar la información sobre la página, entendiéndola como un dispositivo de transmisión de conocimiento.
Profesionalización del Diseño en Chile, una sinfonía en cuatro movimientos
Authors: Vargas Callegari Rodrigo , Rodríguez Torrent Juan Carlos
Published: September 2019

Este artículo se desarrolla en torno al Diseño, y su posicionamiento social en tanto profesión. Se establece que en los campos profesionales existen reglas, poderes, conflictos y escrutinios permanentes y necesarios para la actualización y vigencia de sus postulados. Se presentan hitos relativos a su historia y saber, como intentos por legitimar una posición en el marco de la división social del trabajo. Sostenemos que los centros de enseñanza son intensamente interpelados por estudiantes, empleadores, las comunidades profesionales y la sociedad; es imprescindible conocer cómo ha operado el microsistema del Diseño académico, qué preguntas se hacen las instituciones, y cómo, y desde dónde se las intenta responder. Con ello, la sintonía con los tiempos sociales, la industria manufacturera y las propias expectativas de las nuevas generaciones, demandan el establecimiento de certidumbres sobre el saber exclusivo del Diseño. Metodológicamente, este trabajo se desarrolla a través de entrevistas a un conjunto de actores relevantes, además de revisión de fuentes secundarias, y Teoría Fundamentada.
Caracterización de las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas del sector Turístico y Artesanal, atendidas por el Centro de Desarrollo de la Micro y Pequeña Empresa de la zona norte de Ahuachapán y Santa Ana
Authors: Portillo de Reyes Rocío Estéfani , Torres de Acevedo Ada Roxana
Published: September 2019

Desde el año 2010, la Universidad Católica de El Salvador de Santa Ana, en una alianza pública privada con la Comisión Nacional de la Micro y Pequeña Empresa han implementado en el departamento de Santa Ana uno de los Centros de Desarrollo de la Micro y Pequeña Empresa; mediante el cual se brinda usa serie de servicios orientados a fortalecer el desarrollo empresarial. Es así que en los últimos años se ha visto un crecimiento económico en los diferentes sectores y, particularmente en el sector turístico. En ese sentido, el presente artículo desarrolla una caracterización de las empresas del área turística y artesanal atendidas por estas entidades, con la finalidad de utilizar dicha información para una atención más pertinente a las mismas.
Capital semilla y la ecuación de inversión en emprendimiento
Authors: Umaña Ramirez Mauricio Vladimir
Published: September 2019

Las inversiones en capital semilla de las incubadoras en El Salvador en un horizonte específico, es un tema poco estudiado en economías en desarrollo. Sucede lo mismo con la relación que guardan estas inversiones con el incremento de proyectos de emprendedurismo, que han sido administrados por las mismas.Tradicionalmente, el tema del emprendimiento en El Salvador ha estado en el enfoque de diversos fondos internacionales y nacionales, construyéndose una base de datos de algunos de los fondos más comunes de emprendimientos en El Salvador. En los últimos años, el incremento de proyectos se hipotetiza que puede deberse al incremento anual de fondos en proyectos de emprendimientos y, por ende, se desincentiva el emprendimiento a nivel país, si se dejan sin fondos algunas incubadoras que hoy por hoy están operando. El estudio de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo utilizó regresiones econométricas. En este documento se plantea una función de la inversión en emprendimientos, que modela el comportamiento creciente de proyectos en los fondos de capital semilla. Además, se intenta plantear un modelo de ecuación de las incubadoras de la muestra con base al capital invertido en el horizonte temporal, denominado: Ecuación de inversión en emprendimientos. También se presenta una discusión sobre inversiones en el futuro del emprendimiento, la cual puede contribuir al entendimiento de la creación de nuevas empresas y la inversión en capital semilla a lo largo del tiempo.
Influence of nitrogen, environment, and cultivars on the industrial quality of wheat
Authors: Silva Raphael Rossi , Zucareli Claudemir , Fonseca Inês Cristina de Batista , Gazola Diego , Riede Carlos Roberto
Published: September 2019

The quality of wheat is a pre-eminent factor in the criteria for commercialization of this cereal, and several parameters contribute to the evaluation of wheat quality. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the cover and the environment for wheat cultivars and the effects on the industrial quality of the grain. Furthermore, we sought to identify correlations between the parameters of industrial quality. Experiments were conducted in Londrina for 2 years, in two distinct environments (A1 and A2). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cultivars IPR Catuara TM, BRS Gaivota, Quartzo, and CD 120 were evaluated with different forms of nitrogen management: N1, without N in coverage; N2, 60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering; N3, 80 kg ha-1 of N in urea formulation (60 kg ha-1 in tillering and 20 kg ha-1 in booting); N4, 100 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea (60 kg ha-1 in tillering and 40 kg ha-1 in booting); N5, 80 kg ha-1 of N (60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, and 20 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium sulfate in booting); N6, 100 kg ha-1 of N (60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, and 40 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium sulfate in booting). Further, we evaluated grain yield, protein content, sedimentation volume with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and parameters of alveograph and farinograph. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence industrial quality parameters. The stability of the mass was influenced by the isolated effects of cultivars and the environment. The interaction of cultivars and environments influenced the parameters of alveograph and water absorption of the mass. The higher the protein content, the lower the stability of the mass, independent of the cultivar.
The Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill: chemical and pharmacological activities of the latex and its extracts
Authors: Queiroz Neto Rafael Fernandes de , Araújo Júnior Hélio Noberto de , Freitas Carlos Iberê Alves , Costa Kizzy Millenn de Freitas Mendonça , Abrantes Maria Rociene , Almeida José Gustavo Lima de , Torres Taffarel Melo , Moura Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira , Batista Jael Soares
Published: September 2019

O mollissima de Jatropha(Pohl) O Baill é um arbusto autóctone nativo da vegetação da Caatinga, encontrado em grande parte da região semi-árida do Nordeste brasileiro, utilizado na cultura popular para fins terapêuticos. O látex de Jatropha e seus extratos foram avaliados quanto à composição química, identificando os principais metabólitos secundários e suas atividades farmacológicas utilizando métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Sua toxicidade foi investigada através da dose tóxica aguda em ratos Wistar, sua ação antioxidante foi investigada de acordo com o método fotocolorimétrico do radical livre DPPH, e sua ação antibacteriana foi investigada através de concentração inibitória mínima e concentração bactericida mínima. Fenóis, taninos, flavonóides e saponinas foram detectados em látex e em outros extratos, exceto o extrato aquoso.Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans e Enterococcus faecalis) e cepas Gram-negativas ( Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) em várias diluições juntamente com o extrato hidroalcoólico. O látex de J. mollissima também apresentou baixa toxicidade aguda em ratos. Portanto, os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa corroboram o uso popular de J. mollissima e seu potencial terapêutico.
Application of low dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin at acupoint Hou Hai for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cows
Authors: Araújo Monna Lopes de , Mendes Claudinéia Silva , Biscarde Carmo Emanuel Almeida , Biscarde Fernando Henrique Almeida , Rocha Laiara Fernandes , Costa Laura Nicole Filipin da , Lents Maicon Pereira , Santana Ana Lúcia Almeida , Barbosa Larissa Pires
Published: September 2019

This study evaluated the efficiency application of low dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) using Hou Hai acupoint for fixed-term artificial insemination (FTAI) in beef cows. Seventy cows received intravaginal devices with progesterone, and 3 mg of estradiol benzoate on day zero (D0) of FTAI. On D9, the devices were removed, and 150 ?g of prostaglandin F2? was applied; the animals were then randomly distributed to three treatment groups: T1 (n = 23), 300 IU of eCG intramuscularly (IM); T2 (n = 23), 90 IU of eCG at acupoint Hou Hai; and T3 (n = 25), 90 IU of eCG at false acupoint IM. On D10, the animals received 1 mg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone IM, and FTAI was performed, 52 h after the devices were removed. The quantitative variables with normal distribution were assessed using analysis of variance at 5% probability. For variables that did not show normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% probability was used. No significant difference was noted among the groups (P > 0.05) for the interval between device withdrawal at ovulation (58.2 ± 12.2 h), diameter of the largest follicle on D9 (9.9 ± 2.2 mm), diameters of the ovulatory follicle (12.2 ± 3.0 mm) and the second largest follicle (6.7 ± 2.1 mm), follicular growth rate (0.8 ± 0.3 mm/d), ovulation rate (82%), corpus luteum size (2.32 ± 0.35 cm2), and pregnancy rate (58.67%). The protocol cost per animal was US$ 10.67 (T1) and US$ 8.50 (T2 and T3). The use of 90 IU of eCG applied at Hou Hai acupoint or at false acupoint caused satisfactory synchronization of estrus in beef cows. In addition, this procedure was cost-effective.