bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERCEPTION OF QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG COMMUNITY IN SELANGOR
Authors: Rosli Nur Farhanah , Rabe Noor Suzilawati , Mohamed Osman Mariana
Published: September 2018

The quality of life (QOL) is a subjective matter that has been diversely defined by scholars. Since 1930s researchers from various fields have expressed interests in the definition of QOL, including investigating and measuring QOL using different methods. Over the last four decades, Malaysia has made remarkable achievements regarding its economic growth as well as its socio-economic development. Numerous factors have been identified that may affect the quality of life of people according to their personal preferences. For example, the quality of the individual work as an engineer may differ with the quality of life of an individual work as a teacher. Nevertheless, how the individual itself measures the quality of life can be different between each other. Definitions of quality of life are as numerous and inconsistent as the methods of assessing it. This paper highlights the perception towards the quality of life for the community living in the state of Selangor. The objectives of this research are to identify the current living condition in Selangor and the level of satisfaction towards the living condition in the State. Data was obtaine through a questionnaire survey of 500 respondents living in Selangor. The outcome of the study indicates that the community in Selangor measured their quality of life differently based on their socio-economic background. Also, several indicators and action were highlighted by the community to be considered as part of the recommendation to improve the current living standard towards a better quality of life in Selangor.
THE BASIC CRITERIA FOR THE PROVISION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN MELAKA
Authors: Mohamed Osman Mariana , Ramlee Muhammad Adib , Ab. Rahman Syakir Amir , Ibrahim Mansor
Published: September 2018

The aim of this paper is to examine the criteria in the selection of the houses by the homebuyers in Melaka. The case study area was selected from Melaka in response to the report produced by Khazanah Research Institutes (KRI) in 2015 that claims Melaka is the most affordable state in Malaysia. This study applies the quantitative approach. The Yamane Taro 1976 sampling formula was used and 400 samples were selected. Three types of analysis techniques was utilized namely descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and Relative Importance Index (RII). The study found that the three districts in Melaka were at affordable range for 2012 and 2014 and the income level of the household in Melaka was within the average income of Malaysia. Finally, it is anticipated that the study would give a clear picture on what are main criteria of better housing provision in Malaysia.
HOUSING AND TRANSPORT EXPENDITURE: AN ASSESSMENT OF LOCATION HOUSING AFFORDABILITY
Authors: Hassan M. Azren , Hamdan Hazlina , Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Abdullah Yusfida Ayu
Published: September 2018

In every country, the ability to own a house is vital for the housing market. During the past five years, housing prices in the urban area in Malaysia are becoming severely unaffordable. Housing affordability ensures that housing provided is affordable for every income groups, especially the low and middle income group. The measurement of housing affordability uses household income and housing cost but disregards transportation expenditure which is a substantial amount of household expenditure. Location of housing influences transportation expenditure. The research determines the Location Housing Affordability for the low and middle income group in an urban area. This study quantitatively examines Putra Height as one of the mature residential neighbourhoods in Selangor as well as due to the availability of public transit in the area. Housing affordability and transportation affordability create an integrated Location Housing Affordability Index. Data analysis utilizes the measurement of Location Housing Affordability Index. The findings showed that Location Housing Affordability Index recognizes location as influential factor to housing affordability of 179 respondents from low and middle income group. The findings also suggested that the houses in the urban area were seriously unaffordable for the low and middle income groups. The contribution of the research is the emphasis on location as a part of housing affordability measurement.
THE RELEVANCY OF OUTDOOR CLASSROOM FOR PBL APPROACH IN SELECTED UNIVERSITY IN KUALA LUMPUR
Authors: Yaman Maheran , Abdullah Fadzidah , Rozali Nur Fadhilah , Salim Farha
Published: September 2018

Outdoor classroom could be described as outdoor learning space that provides varying experiences and learning activities that could enhance students’ learning performances, particularly in Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach. It also has become the main role in providing effective and dynamic learning environment for PBL practices. By investigating the relationship between the outdoor classroom and the students’ PBL approach, one could reveal the interconnectedness between the outdoor classrooms in campus settings with the students’ learning performances in PBL approach. Hence, the objective of this study is to analyze the relevance of outdoor classroom in adapting PBL approach in selected universities in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey, was conducted among landscape architecture and architecture students in UIAM, UPM and UiTM Puncak Alam. The results of this study confirm that outdoor classroom improves students learning performances, particularly in designing skills and work presentations. Furthermore, the results also indicate that outdoor classroom enhance students’ ideas and inspiration in designing.
THE MEDIATING EFFECTS OF AWARENESS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROCUREMENT MANUAL COMPLIANCE’S BARRIERS AND COST PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Nafiu Zadawa Abdullahi , Aziz Hussin Abdul , Osmadi Atasya
Published: September 2018

Public Procurement Manual (PPM) are the procedural guidelines for executing public procurement practices including construction procurement. Compliance with PPM among construction procurement parties has been facing serious challenges which affects the performance of construction projects especially cost aspect. This study identified fraudulent practices as the major procurement manual compliances’ barriers affecting cost performance of construction projects. The paper examines the mediating effects of awareness on procurement manual compliance’s barriers affecting cost performance. Data was collected from the procurement entities of nine selected Nigerian federal universities. A mediation analysis was performed via bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence interval approach using Process Macro package. The indirect effects obtained was positive and different from zero, and the confidence interval within which the effect occur do not include zero indicating that awareness can mitigate the effects of fraudulent practices been compliance barriers affecting cost performance of construction projects.
FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSING PRICES IN MALAYSIA: ANALYSIS OF THE SUPPLY SIDE
Authors: Olanrewaju Abdul Lateef , Lim Xin Ying , Tan Seong Yeow , Lee Jia En , Adnan Hamimah
Published: September 2018

Buying a house is a major decision that homebuyers will make because expenditure on homeownership has an influence on the homeowner’s quality of life. The housing price also influence developers’ revenues and profit margins. Developers produce houses to make profits, however, with the increase in housing prices, homeownership rate and developers’ profit performance will be affected. This study examines the reasons why housing prices are increasing in spite of the government’s ‘cooling’ measures. Through a cross-sectional survey questionnaire, comprising 24 causes and 115 members of the housing developers and designers teams, 13 influential factors to the increase in housing prices were found. Additionally, the participants were also inquired on the five most influential factors causing the increase in housing prices. The factors include the shortage of materials, quality of materials, strategic factors, housing location and availability of transportation system. The results of the study are useful to developers, homebuyers and policymakers towards reducing housing prices.
A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURAL SMOKE VENTILATION IN HOSPITAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Ab Ghani Mohd Zaid , Aripin Srazali
Published: September 2018

Smoke is recognized as the main factor of fatality when fire occurred in a building. Thus, smoke management in the building is of paramount importance in order to achieve a tenable indoor environment in the event of fire other than ensuring passive means of escapes to the place of safety. In hospital building, where patients have limited movements, natural smoke ventilation through windows is the most common form of smoke control design. Nevertheless, inappropriate design of natural smoke ventilation through window may result to poor smoke air flow contributing to unwanted toxic gases inhaled by occupants that lead to fatalities in the event of fire. This study aims to analyse the design requirements and specifications of natural smoke ventilation system in buildings by exploring local and other prominent building regulations as well as code of practices around some countries. The study found that smoke ventilation system (natural and mechanical) is usually applied in windowless building, basement and in large open spaces. The natural smoke ventilation system employs smoke vents (gravity vents) located at a higher level in the roof or at the ceiling level. The regulations state that the size of smoke vents for effective natural smoke ventilation is in between 2% to 3% of the floor areas. Most regulations would allow openable windows for smoke ventilation in the event of fire.
Progesterone promotes fetal growth in a restricted interspecies gestation (Ovis canadensis x Ovis aries)
Authors: Mejía Villanueva Octavio , Hernández Cazadero Verónica , Murcia Mejía Clara , Rojas Maya Susana , Castaño García Cristina , Bóveda Gómez Paula , Salmerón Sosa Frida , Santiago Moreno Julián
Published: September 2018

Progesterone promotes foetal growth in a restricted interspecies gestation (Ovis canadensis × Ovis aries). Veterinaria México OA. 2018;5(3).Gestations between bighorn (Ovis canadensis) and domestic sheep (O. aries) can be considered for ex situ conservation of bighorn. In the first experiment, domestic sheep were inseminated with bighorn or domestic semen. Bighorn inseminated sheep showed lower fertility than domestic inseminated sheep (40% vs. 65%, p = 0.11). Bighorn inseminated sheep had longer gestation periods (152.13 days vs. 146.54 days, p < 0.001) and lower progesterone levels during the last third. Hybrid lambs weighed less than domestic lambs (2.46 kg vs. 5.10 kg, p < 0.001). Their placentas were not as long (48.67 cm vs. 72.17 cm, p < 0.001), were less wide (17.83 cm vs. 23.83 cm, p < 0.001), and the weight of cotyledons was lower (1.50 g vs. 3.20 g, p < 0.001). In the second experiment, hybrid embryos (O. canadensis × O. aries) were transferred into domestic recipients, and pregnant ewes were divided into the treated group, which had a progesterone daily dose of 25 mg from weeks 7 to 20, and the non treated group. Gestation in domestic sheep that received one hybrid embryo and progesterone reached 152.60 days, which was similar to the 153.33 days (p = 0.51) in the non treated sheep. Hybrid offspring of the group treated with progesterone were heavier, 3.41 kg, than the control, 2.21 kg (p < 0.001), and their placentas were longer (71.20 vs. 50.83 cm, p = 0.002). Although progesterone levels were lower in domestic females inseminated with bighorn and in the recipients of hybrid embryos, it is possible to establish pregnancies between both species and the birth of viable offspring. The administration of progesterone during gestation increases the length of the placenta and promotes higher birth weights of hybrids.Figure 1. Progesterone (ng/mL) in interspecies gestations (O. c. mexicana × O. aries, n = 6) and intraspecies gestations (O. aries × O. aries, n = 6).*Statistically different values (p < 0.01).
Effect of phytase dose on productive performance and bone status of layers fed with graded levels of digestible lysine
Authors: Martinez Rojas Ingrid Yolani , López Coello Carlos , Ávila González Ernesto , Arce Menocal J. , Gomes G. A.
Published: September 2018

Exogenous phytase could influence dietary protein availability by variation in using dose. The objective of the present study was to determine if incremental dosing of an evolved E.coli 6-phytase would lead to improvements in lysine availability through evaluating performance and bone status in Bovans White layers. A total of 182 layers were placed in individual cages and distributed to 13 treatments: a 3×4 factorial arrangement with three levels of digestible lysine (dLys - 0.67, 0.77, and 0.87 %) and four doses of phytase (0, 300, 1 200, and 4 800 FTU/kg) in 0.12 % available P (avP) diets. Additionally, one phytase-free control treatment was included with 0.25 % avP and 0.87 % dLys. Productive parameters were recorded for 25 weeks, from 39 week-old. At the end, abdominal fat deposition and the tibia were sampled; in bone was determined breaking strength and bone ash. Layers fed 1 200 FTU/kg phytase increased egg production percentage (F3,169 = 2.01, p = 0.019), abdominal fat deposition (F3,169 = 2.52, p = 0.059), bone breaking strength (F3,169 = 4.29, p = 0.006) and bone ash weight (F3,169 = 3.62, p = 0.015) compared with non-phytase inclusion. Furthermore, 1 200 FTU/kg phytase decreased incidence of broken eggs and soft-shell eggs (F3,169 = 2.9, p = 0.037). Phytase and dLys levels influenced egg mass and bone ash concentration (F12,169 = 1.86, p = 0.043). FCR and body weight loss was reduced with phytase inclusion (respectively: F12,169 = 2.43, p = 0.045, and F12,169 = 2.24, p = 0.001). Phytase-free control diet increased egg weight (F12,169 = 3.70, p < 0.068), but gave greater BW loss (F12,169 = 17.79, p < 0.001), less abdominal fat content (F12,169 = 5.85, p < 0.017), and no effect on other variables (p > 0.07). In conclusion, 1 200 FTU/kg of phytase improved productive performance and preserved body weight and bone status, without equivalence of phytase inclusion for dLys level, even with higher doses.Figure A. Response of egg marketable mass
Penentuan Prioritas Strategi Pengelolaan K3 Proyek Pemasangan Pipa Gas Menggunakan Pendekatan Metode AHP
Authors: Agustini Rosita Robi , Rimantho Dino
Published: September 2018

The pipeline is an immobile transport medium that functions to distribute liquids and gases. The pipeline installation project is one of the Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) projects that has the potential for accident and occupational safety risks. The purpose of this research is to determine the priority of work accident management strategies gas pipeline by applying the AHP method. Brainstorming and pair-wise comparison approaches were conducted by experts. A total of three experts are used as key informants in assessing paired comparisons. The results show that there are four main factors that could potentially result in the risk of working accidents such as humans, machines, methods, and materials. Furthermore, based on the analysis result shows that human factor is the highest priority and environmental factor as the lowest priority. The AHP method application in this study indicates that this method can be used to determine the priority of each criterion and sub-criteria on the health and safety management strategy of the gas pipeline installation project. The implication of this in the application of AHP in other issues required more in-depth review related to the criteria and sub-criteria that are used to obtain more comprehensive results.
Kajian Perkembangan Penelitian Pemasaran Film
Authors: Wijiharjono Nuryadi
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is to present the most likely conceptual scheme in film marketing research. Based on the study of several leading international journals, many factors are interrelated in film consumption so that the use of quantitative research alone is not sufficient in explaining the phenomenon of film consumption. Factors such as personal involvement with narrative and film characters are worthy of research. Some theories used by journal article writers reviewed in this paper are consumer behavior theory, marketing theory, cognitive theory, communication theory, group dynamics theory, and existentialist phenomenologies. As much. Analysis method on the five articles (quantitative) using regression statistic tool. The data used in the five articles (quantitative) is secondary data. Only on qualitative (phenomenological) approaches that use primary data, directly from the consumer experience.
Komponen Informasi dan Komunikasi Serta Pemantauan Atas Siklus Pengeluaran
Authors: Khairunnisa Hera
Published: September 2018

This research aims to analyze and give suggestion on internal control system in expenditure cycle of Unit A by comparing components on the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) internal control framework that consisted of environment control, risk assess-ment, control activity, information and communication, and monitoring. The method of analysis data is using qualitative analysis by gathering data with interview, document review, and literature review. Conclusion from information and communication component is that the entity does not have standard information on the completeness of supporting data for cash disbursement transactions. Conclusion of monitoring is that the logistic manager has not conducted optimal monitoring of the process of receiv-ing goods in the warehouse.
Standar Akuntasi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP)
Authors: Budiandru Budiandru , Isfa Shabrina Saufani
Published: September 2018

This study aims to analyze the application of SAK ETAP on the presentation of financial statements CV SK. CV SK is a medium-sized businesses engaged in catering services and Wedding Organizer. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of the study based on Balance Sheet and Income Statement for 2012-2016, show that the company has not presented cash flow statement, and notes to financial statements (CALK) and inconsistency in the presentation of some post on Balance Sheet not disclosed in CALK. This research suggests that companies develop other components of financial statements and disclose the company's accounting policies in CALK.
Habitat Perkembangbiakan Spesifik Anopheles sp. di Tambang Emas Kura-Kura Banian (Perubahan Perilaku Anopheles sp.)
Authors: Indriyati Liestiana , Rosanji Akhmad , Juhairiyah Juhairiyah , Yuana Windy Tri , Haryati Erly
Published: September 2018

The results of Health Research 2010, showed that malaria was an infectious disease that the sixth cause of death cause of the sixth of death in Indonesia. Kotabaru is a malaria endemic district, especially in Puskesmas Banian, Annual Parasite Incidence 241.19 in 2014 where the cases of malaria with occurring in illegal gold mines on the slopes of Banian Mountain. It’s needed to know the factors that affect the existence of malaria in these locations. This research was observational study doing by cross-sectional study and analyzed by descriptively. Research conducted at the Gold Mine Banian Buluh Kuning village, Sungai Durian subdistric, Kotabaru district, South Kalimantan Province in February and March, 2015. The activities were catching larva and adult mosquitoes, environmental and mosquito breeding habitats observation and Mass Blood Survey. It was found Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles leucosphyrus with very low densities in area with the number of malaria cases by 22.99%. It was found divers breeding habitats of Anopheles sp on a former gold wash, former drum and former plastic containers. This indicated a behavioral change of Anopheles breeding places because previous to this the Anopheles breed in puddles on the ground or direct contact with the ground.
Faktor Risiko Perilaku dan Lingkungan dalam Penularan Malaria di Pulau Sebatik, Kabupaten Nunukan, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Trapsilowati Wiwik , Pujiyanti Aryani , Negari K. Sekar
Published: September 2018

Malaria transmission is influenced by several factors, including parasites, human, mosquito and environment. In 2009, slide positive rate (SPR) in Puskesmas Aji Kuning, Sungai Nyamuk and Setabu in Sebatik Island were identified as amount 63,61%, 28,04% and 30,12% respectively, while the target malaria pre-elimination SPR < 5%. The aim of this study was to determine the behavioral and environmental risk factors of malaria transmission. This is a cross sectional study and the number of sample were 101 respondents. The results showed that there was significant association between the habit of using mosquito nets, the habit of using mosquito coils, repellent and others, the respondent's house near breeding mosquitoes habitats and the respondent’s house near the cocoa/coffee plantation with the occurrence of malaria cases. Relative risk (RR) value were 2,0, 2,3, 2,9 and 1,7, respectively. Behavioral risk factors of malaria transmission were the habit of using a mosquito nets and habit of using mosquito coils, repellent and others. Environmental risk of malaria transmission were the house near mosquito breeding habitats, and the house near the cocoa and coffee plantation.
Kriptosporidiosis di Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanti Tri
Published: September 2018

Cryptosporidiosis included to waterborne and soil transmited diseases, caused by Cryptosporidium, obligat intraceluller pathogen organism. Cryptosporidium cause intestinal infection of human and animal acute diarrhea. Lung cryptosporidiosis on HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis  patients was reported. Diarrhea still be important health problem because diarrhea was be the third dominant contributor of children morbidity and mortality at some country include Indonesia. Every children have 1,6-2x diarrhea onset annually. Diarrhea cases caused by Cryptosporidium sp parasite was around 4-11%. Focus of this review is  about cryptosporidiosis on children, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis patients, animal, environment, diagnostic and it’s prevention and control. Cryptosporidium species confirmed in Indonesia are C. wrairi, C. muris,  C. felis, C. hominis, C. meleagridis and C. parvum, indicated that there was a big rule of animal on Cryptosporidium transmission. Cryptosporidium was necessary to be one of diseases diagnose on HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis patients. Transmission of Cryptosporidium by  respiratory secretion (droplet, aerosol or contact with vomiting) must be anticipated to prevent cryptosporidiosis especially on imunocompromissed/imunodeficiency people. Rapid Diagnostic Test that have highly sensitivity and spesificity is very important on Cryptosporidium cases finding and surveillance in Indonesia. Environment and cattle sanitation, personal hygiene, water and food treatment, is necessary to prevent cryptosporidiosis transmission.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keberadaan Jentik Aedes aegypti di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Jakarta Barat
Authors: Prasetyowati Heni , Astuti Endang Puji , Widawati Mutiara
Published: September 2018

Dengue cases in the Capital City of Indonesia keep increasing year to year. West Jakarta accounted for 17.8% of total patients in Jakarta for the period 2012-2015. This is a cross-sectional design research, conducted in May 2015 in Kembangan, Grogol Petamburan and Cengkareng’s Health Centre, West Jakarta. This study aimed to analyse  the relationship between the level of education, the use of anti-mosquito, and the presence of container in the community with the presence of Ae. aegypti larvae. Collection of data was conducted through interviews and surveys of larvae in 100 houses per health centres; the total samples were 300 households. The results showed that types of insecticide formulations widely used by respondents were spray and lotion. Most of the types of containers found in the survey area were buckets, tubs and jars/plastic barrel. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square showed that the educational level (p-value 0.045), layout (p-value 0.00), type (p-value 0.00) and the number of containers (p-value 0.00) have a significant relationship with the existence of larvae. There was no evidence of relation between the selection of  formulation type (p-value 0,60) and the  frequency of used household insecticide  (p-value 0,30) in West Jakarta to the presence  of  Ae. aegypti larvae.
Bionomik Mansonia uniformis dan Mansonia dives sebagai Vektor Filariasis pada Beberapa Wilayah di Kalimantan
Authors: Ridha Muhammad Rasyid
Published: September 2018

Mansonia mosquitoes spread across the globe and several species as a vector. Ma. uniformis were known a vectors of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) and filariasis, while Ma. dives is vector of filariasis. This research aims to behavior of Ma. uniformis and Ma. dives in the form habits of blood sucking activity, resting behaviour and fluctuations density in several areas of Borneo. Natural population of Ma. uniformis and Ma. dives were collected by human landing collection and resting collection from 18:00 to 06:00 outdoor and indoor. The results showed bite activities. Ma. uniformis and Ma. dives in all areas of research are exophagic, while the rest conduct Ma. uniformis in the village Dadahup, Pulau Ku’u and Bangkal Ulu is indoor resting, while in Mandomai is outdoor resting. Behavior breaks Ma. dives in the area a lot more research that is indoor resting namely Mandomai and Bangkal Ulu Village, while the Dadahup village is exophilic. Highest fluctuations activity suck blood and rest on Ma. Uniformis in and out the house generally at 19.00 - 22.00, while at Ma. dives at 23.00 - 01.00. The behavior of mosquitoes is a difference, so the controlling method is also different.
PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KARACHI STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Ahuja Aakash
Published: September 2018

Investment in stocks and expected return from such investment always comes with risk. Financial economists and financial analysts have been working for years to find ways to minimize risk. What all financial analysts believe is that creating well-diversified portfolio can minimize risk. Fama (1976), Elton & Grubber (1977), Evans & Archer (1968) and many other analysts have shown that well-diversified portfolios can actually minimize risk and have suggested the minimum number of stocks required for a well-diversified portfolio. In this paper portfolio diversification theory is applied for the investors investing in the Karachi Stock Exchange. Fifteen (15) securities were randomly selected and equally weighted portfolios were created. Standard Deviations for all portfolios were calculated and the results were analyzed. The study concluded that a portfolio of 10 stocks can diversify away significant amount of risk.
A Comparative Study of Consumer Perception of Product Quality: Chinese versus Non-Chinese Products
Authors: Muhammad Khan Laiq , Ahmed Rizwan
Published: September 2018

Product quality is a critical determinant of consumer satisfaction. The demand for a product depends upon the quality that a manufacturer is providing to their consumers. China, which is a growing economic power, exports its manufactured goods to the entire global markets. Chinese goods have been successful to capture market because of its competitive price strategy as compared to the products of other countries. The major problem with the Chinese products is that these are perceived as of relatively inferior quality in comparison to the products of other countries. This study is an attempt to assess the perceptions of customers regarding price and quality aspects of Chinese and non Chinese products. To compare the relative effectiveness of price and quality, the concepts of perceived life and perceived value are used. It is found that the Chinese products are perceived as price effective but the area of product quality requires immediate attention because Chinese products are perceived as of low quality
Maximising Bandwdith Efficency of Statistical Multiplexer Architecture using Frame Droping Methods
Authors: Shah Asadullah , Dar Humaira , A Syed Iftikhar
Published: September 2018

It is generally considered that remote and rural telephone users generate less traffic as compared to urban area users. This lowers the attraction of investment in rural areas by the telecommunications companies and service providers. The financial implications of wiring a vast area for low telephone traffic causes most telephone service providers to ignore those regions. Still, it is known that telecommunications are essential to the economic development of a region and that traffic increases rapidly as soon as the service is available. A satellite–based telephone network can provide efficient long distance telephone service to remote rural communities at a lower cost than land-based wired networks in most cases. Mobile satellite systems already provide this service, but are limited in capacity and charge high per-minute fees for the satellite link. Small earth stations and GEO satellites can provide this service more efficiently and at lower cost. On top of that, bandwidth efficient multiplexing with compressed speech, Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and Packet discarding methods can even further reduce the cost of service for the users in rural areas. In this paper, Statistical Time Division Multiplexer (STDM) architecture was simulated. Two packet discarding methods, random packet discarding and cyclic packet discarding are used to maximize bandwidth utilization along with VAD. Results indicate that considering monologue speech source, with 80%, activity for each 6.4 kbps sources, on a channel of 64 kbps, 12 users can be allowed to be multiplexed instead of 9, therefore a Digital Speech Interpolation (DSI) advantage of 1.33 is achieved with 3% packet loss. Furthermore, it is observed that cyclic packet discarding technique perform better than random packet discarding in terms of subjective quality
An Analysis of Coincidence between KSE-100 and S&P 500 Index using Spectral Approach
Authors: Jawed Syed Monis
Published: September 2018

When dealing with time series data, particularly of higher frequency,
we are often interested in figuring out periods which are of vital
importance. Here in this research, the returns on KSE-100 and S&P
500 index are taken on daily basis from September 2001 to June 2013.
As thousands of data points (due to high frequency) are considered,
it is impossible for us to figure out any pattern in series, unless
suitable filtering is applied on them. For this purpose, a power
spectrum will be made by means of a fast fourier transform. This will
yield us the events that has influenced KSE-100 index considerably
in post 9/11 scenario.
Mixture of Two LindleyProbability Models And Application In Reliability
Authors: Husain Ehtesham , Ul Haq Masood
Published: September 2018

Mixture probability models are developed in general
from Uni variate Probability functions (say)
g1 (x) and g2 (x) . The mixture of these two is defined by
f(x)  p.g1 (x)  (1  p) g2 (x) where “p” is the mixing
ratio. The function that we have in the present paper is the
Mixture of two Lindley probability distributions, each of
which is having a different parameter. Lindley models are
also useful for data showing decaying trends. The properties
of Lindley probability distribution that have been shown
are Mathematical Expectation, Second Moment, and the
Distribution Function. An application of the Mixture Model
which has been derived in the present research , has been
applied to the Reliability function , in a two component
system , when the components are connected in series. The
Reliability of the discussed system is compared with
reliability values when the Lindley probabilities in the same
system , are independent.
Worldview-2 and Landsat 8 Satellite Data for Seaweed Mapping along Karachi Coast
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Danish , Zaidi Arjumand Z
Published: September 2018

Seaweed is a marine plant or algae which has economic value in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study is to evaluate different satellite sensors such as high-resolution WorldView-2 (WV2) satellite data and Landsat 8 30-meter resolution satellite data for mapping seaweed resources along the coastal
waters of Karachi. The continuous monitoring and mapping of this precious marine plant and their breeding sites may not be very efficient and cost effective using traditional survey techniques. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) can provide economical and more efficient solutions for mapping and monitoring coastal resources quantitatively as well as qualitatively at both temporal and spatial scales. Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) along with the image enhancement techniques were used to delineate seaweed patches in the study area. The coverage area of seaweed estimated with WV-2 and Landsat 8 are presented as GIS maps. A more precise area estimation wasachieved with WV-2 data that shows 15.5Ha (0.155 Km2)of seaweed cover along Karachi coast that is more representative of the field observed data. A much larger area wasestimated with Landsat 8 image (71.28Ha or 0.7128 Km2) that was mainly due to the mixing of seaweed pixels with water pixels. The WV-2 data, due to its better spatial resolution than Landsat 8, have proven to be more useful than Landsat
8 in mapping seaweed patches
Impact of Development of Technology on Education: Key Micro and Macro Economies of Australia
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asghar
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this paper was to discuss and examine the impact of development of technology on education in key micro and macro economies of Australia. Research for this paper included application of micro and macro economics concepts, presentation of facts that are collected from different sources as well as deeper analysis of the changes in micro and macro economies of Australia caused by technological changes in education supported by a range of other scholarly articles.

 

The paper provides advantages and disadvantages of development of technology on education as well as impact of technology on education in key micro and macro economies of Australia. Based on the analysis, the education industry in general is benefitted by development of technology caused by increasing access to information and flexible study schedule through e-learning. The paper then moved into micro and macro analysis of the impact technology has on education.  The key factors in micro economics that were discussed are long run demand and supply, labour demand and supply, resistance to change and effect on universities and the environment. In macro economics, the key factors that were discussed are increased access to education in the country, decrease in structural unemployment rate, decreased demand for Australian academics, increased level of global competition and decrease in GDP as well as increase in information asymmetry.

 
The paper provides detailed analysis on the impact of technological development on key micro and macro economies. In general, this paper suggests that as the inevitable development of technology in education will have both positive and negative effects on Australian economies, the key challenge is in managing the development by minimising its negative impacts and nourishing the positive impacts
Industrial Trends in Development of Target Mapping Interface for Passive Radar Systems
Authors: Hussain Syed Aamer
Published: September 2018

Passive emitter location systems have a wide range of applications most importantly in military due to its stealth and precise location capability of threats. Two approaches are followed for emitter location estimation, either to use a single mobile detection system or to use multiple static platforms for signal reception. Direction/angle of arrival and various range estimation techniques allows target localization.  Mapping interfaces are used to provide a visual interpretation to the mathematical results. In case of multiple platform systems the mapping module also provides triangulation capability. In this paper we have discussed various trends that are persisting in the form of features incorporated in the target mapping modules, different techniques to extract the information from the Passive emitter location system and to bring it on the visual panel. Various passive emitter systems have been considered and their target mapping modules are compared with respect to different benchmarks.
Impact of Big Data over Telecom Industry
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waqar , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Alam Muhammad , Ali Wajahat
Published: September 2018

During past few years, data is growing exponentially attracting researchers to work a popular term, the Big Data. Big Data is observed in various fields, such as information technology, telecommunication, theoretical computing, mathematics, data mining and data warehousing. Data science is frequently referred with Big Data as it uses methods to scale down the Big Data. Currently
more than 3.2 billion of the world population is connected to internet out of which 46% are connected via smart phones. Over 5.5 billion people are using cell phones. As technology is rapidly shifting from ordinary cell phones towards smart phones, therefore proportion of using internet is also growing. There
is a forecast that by 2020 around 7 billion people at the globe will be using internet out of which 52% will be using their smart phones to connect. In year 2050 that figure will be touching 95% of world population. Every device connect to internet generates data. As majority of the devices are using smart phones to
generate this data by using applications such as Instagram, WhatsApp, Apple, Google, Google+, Twitter, Flickr etc., therefore this huge amount of data is becoming a big threat for telecom sector. This paper is giving a comparison of amount of Big Data generated by telecom industry. Based on the collected data
we use forecasting tools to predict the amount of Big Data will be generated in future and also identify threats that telecom industry will be facing from that huge amount of Big Data.
Comparative Analysis of E–Shape and H-Shape Microstrip Slotted Antenna on the Basis of Return Loss and Bandwidth
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Illahi Usman , Sulaiman Muhammad Ismail , Alam Muhammad , Su'ud Mazliham Mohd
Published: September 2018

icro-strip patch antenna is more popular as compared to other antennas and widely used today in modern wireless communication system because of its elegant weight, low fabrication price, easy to feed, ease to fabricate, easy to analyze, and attractive radiation characteristics. Though patch antenna
has several advantages but has some disadvantages as well, like limited bandwidth and low gain. In last few years, Different techniques such as Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure, artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)/ and modifying the structure of microstrip patch antenna are used to overcome the above mentioned limitations. In this paper, we propose two different geometry shape antennas i.e. E and H-shaped which is developed from the rectangular patch and compare the performance of the proposed antennas on the basis of gain and Bandwidth with the same physical dimensions. The CST Micro studio simulator is used to study the antennas. Bandwidth and Return loss of E-shaped Antenna is much better than that of H-shaped antenna. The results obtained clearly demonstrations that, the implementation of the E-Shape is much better in term of bandwidth and return loss compared to the H-shaped patch antenna. So it’s better to use E-shaped antenna for modern wireless communication system.
Model and Technique over Software Requirement Prioritization
Authors: Ejaz Khurram , Amjad Ayesha
Published: September 2018

Requirement prioritization play a significant part in overcoming problems related to requirements and it use to increase customer satisfaction. Requirement prioritization is use to verify the correct functionality of product and guarantee that the software is built within the given constrains, like budget, cost, value, time and etc. Requirements prioritization reliant on the specific requirements of customer along with prediction of importance and cost of each requirements. The approaches proposed in modern days to prioritize requirements have not been widely used because of its complexity, its inconsistency and its time-consuming factor. This paper represents an analysis on obtainable prioritization techniques based on cost and benefit and drawbacks evaluation of requirements. This paper represents a new approach of requirement prioritization, which can be easily managed, implemented and used as decision-making device by decision maker for requirement prioritization. It also overcomes the drawback of existing requirement approaches. The results of newly proposed approach shows that
proposed model for requirement prioritization is simple and is useful for more refined critical decisions of prioritization, keeping in view the cost and benefit.
Tributary Mapping Multiplexing an Efficient Technique for High Speed Fiber Optic Communication
Authors: Illahi Usman , Iqbal Javed , Sulaiman Muhammad Ismail , Alam Muhammad , Su'ud Mazliham Mohd
Published: September 2018

A novel technique of multiplexing called Tributary Mapping Multiplexing (TMM) is
applied to a single channel wavelength division multiplexing system and performance is monitored on the basis of simulation results. To elaborate the performance of TMM in this paper, a 4-User TMM system over single wavelength channel is demonstrated. TMM showed significant tolerance against narrow optical filtering as compared to that of conventional TDM at the rate of 40 Gbit/s. The above calculations are made by optical filter bandwidth and dispersion tolerance that was allowed at minimum. The spectral efficiency achieved by this TMM was 1 b/s/Hz and it was executed by using transmitters and receivers of 10 Gbit/s without polarized multiplexing. The high spectral efficiency, high dispersion tolerance and tolerance against strong optical filtering makes TMM an efficient technique for High
Speed Fiber Optic Communication.
Estudo da lixiviação do carbofurano em diferentes perfis de coluna de latossolo vermelho
Authors: Silva Camila Faria , Bernardes Jordana Teodoro , Goulart Adilson Correia , Goulart Simone Machado
Published: September 2018

Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a lixiviação do carbofurano ao longo do perfil de colunas de latossolo vermelho. Para o estudo foram utilizadas 4 colunas preenchidas com solo sendo aplicada 150 mg L-1 do produto comercial Furadan®. Foram avaliados a simulação de três níveis de precipitação (20, 60, 100 mm) de chuva e três faixas de profundidade (0-5, 25-30, 45-50 cm) por um período de 24h. A extração do Furadan® foi realizada por meio da Extração Sólido-Líquido com Partição a Baixa Temperatura (ESL-PBT), sendo determinado por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE-UV). Na simulação de volumes 20 e 60 mm de chuva, a lixiviação do Furadan® aconteceu somente em camadas superficiais do solo (0-5 cm). Entretanto, à 100 mm de chuva, o produto foi lixiviado até a camada intermediária do solo (25-30 cm). Desta forma, verificou-se que a capacidade de lixiviação do Furadan® foi maior ao simular 100 mm de precipitação. Novos estudos, com outros tipos de solo e maior observação temporal, são recomendados para o potencial de incorporação desse agrotóxico no perfil do solo.
Aplicação da lâmpada de descarga de mercúrio sem eletrodo para degradação do paracetamol
Authors: Moreira Ailton José , Campos Lilian Oliveira , Freschi Gian Paulo Giovanni
Published: September 2018

Lâmpada de descarga de mercúrio sem eletrodo (Hg-EDL) foi aplicada em estudos de degradação fotolítica e fotocatalítica para avaliar o potencial de degradação de uma solução de Paracetamol 10 mg L-1. A fotodegradação (fotólise e fotocatálise) foi conduzida em reator UV/MW, com potência microondas fixa (200W, pH ̴ 7) e diferentes tempos de irradiação (0,083 a 2,0 min.). Após irradiadas, as amostras foram analisadas através de espectrofotometria UV/Vis para quantificação do fármaco. Houve a remoção de até 70,1% no ensaio fotolítico com o tempo de 2 min., enquanto para o processo fotocatalítico (aplicando suspensão de 1 g L-1 dos semicondutores) os resultados de remoção foram da ordem de 60%. A cinética de primeira ordem foi aplicada, sendo determinada uma constante k = 0,602 min-1 e r2 = 0,993, evidenciando um ajuste adequado a cinética de ordem 1. Assim, o reator UV/MW demonstra elevada eficiência no processo de degradação do paracetamol, uma vez que elevada taxa de remoção e valor elevado de constante cinética de degradação foram obtidas para o respectivo sistema. O foto reator avaliado pode ser explorado em ensaios de degradação com outros compostos, possibilitando a avaliação de sua eficiência frente a degradação de uma maior variedade de contaminantes emergentes.
Heterogeneidade espaço-temporal ambiental de igarapés em um ecótono Cerrado-Caatinga
Authors: Veras Daniel Silas , Medeiros-França L´azaro Carlos , Silva Azêvedo Carlos Augusto
Published: September 2018

A heterogeneidade espaço-temporal do ambiente é um fator importante para a estruturação da biodiversidade dos ecossistemas, incluindo os sistemas lóticos que têm sofrido fortes influência do uso e ocupação do solo. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar se houve diferença espaço-temporal das variáveis estruturais e físico-químicas entre os riachos da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Inhamum, bem como se ocorreu diferença de heterogeneidade ambiental entre as amostras durante o período de 2012 a 2015. A ordenação indicou efeitos espaço temporais sobre os riachos, pois houve a formação de dois grupos, o primeiro formado pelas amostras de 2012-2013 e a outra de 2014-2015, mas que não apresentaram diferenças quanto sua heterogeneidade. A temperatura, condutividade, profundidade, largura e vazão foram importantes na estruturação dos riachos, mas em decorrência de estarem em uma área com uma ampla cobertura vegetal e alta integridade de habitat, houve uma pequena amplitude de variação nos valores dessas variáveis. Tais resultados demonstram a importância da manutenção da cobertura vegetal para garantir a integridade de habitat e prover a conservação das características ambientais de riachos em biomas tropicais.
The longevity of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride varnish's preventative effects: Assessment of white spot lesion formation
Authors: Abufarwa Moufida , Noureldin Amal , Campbell Phillip M , Buschang Peter H
Published: September 2018

Objectives:

To test how long casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) fluoride varnish prevents enamel demineralization in vitro.

Materials and Methods:

Human molars and premolars were sectioned buccolingually and randomly assigned to two groups. Standardized pretreatment images of enamel surfaces were obtained using FluoreCam. The control group received no treatment, and the experimental group received an application of CPP-ACP fluoride varnish. Over simulated periods of 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, specimens were placed in a toothbrushing simulator, thermocycled, subjected to 9 days of pH cycling, and imaged with FluoreCam. Samples were sectioned and polished for polarized light microscope (PLM) evaluation.

Results:

There were statistically significant time (P < .001) and varnish (P < .001) effects on area, intensity, and impact of enamel demineralization. The control group showed significant and progressive demineralization over the 12 weeks (P < .001). The experimental group revealed no significant demineralization during the first 4 weeks (P > .05) and significant (P < .001) increases thereafter. Experimental demineralization after 12 weeks was comparable to 2-week demineralization in the controls, with significant between-group differences (P < .001) in enamel demineralization at all time points. PLM of the control and experimental groups revealed lesion depths of 90 ± 34 μm and 37 ± 9 μm, respectively.

Conclusions:

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, CPP-ACP fluoride varnish prevents enamel demineralization for at least 4 weeks and limits demineralization up to 12 weeks.