bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility of a Social Enterprise: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Chew Soon-Beng , Huang Wei Quan Jeffrey , Chia Hui Ching , Soh Huang Chi
Published: September 2016

This paper makes an attempt to estimate the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of a social enterprise in Singapore. Following the literature, we measure CSR based on a set of standard questions to gauge how the public values CSR according to these standard questions. The social enterprise being studied is NTUC Fairprice. NTUC is Singapore's labor movement which is a macro-focused union that works well with the government to achieve growth with equity ([Yao, S and SB Chew (2014). A mathematical model of a macro-focused labour union. Singapore Economic Review, 59(4), 1–13] for the theory of the macro-focused union). In this study, we also measure the CSR of Giant, another supermarket which is a commercial firm. A comparative analysis of the estimate of the CSR of these two firms is then made. The main finding is that, based on a field survey, Singaporeans value the CSR of NTUC Fairprice more highly than that of Giant. Our regression analysis reveals that the CSR valuation of NTUC Fairprice is basically determined by how people perceive NTUC Fairprice in terms of their sentiments. On the other hand, the only variable that is statistically significant in explaining changes in the CSR valuation of Giant is Malay respondents. The study also finds that, based on the second field survey, almost 85% of respondents chose to become members of NTUC because of non-collective bargaining benefits and only 10% joined the union because of sentiment. The main conclusion is that it pays for an organization to be known as a social enterprise. As NTUC Fairprice is a social enterprise of the labor movement in Singapore, union members are always supportive of the social effort of its cooperatives, of which NTUC Fairprice is one. An important incentive for workers to become union members is the provision of non-collective bargaining benefits provided by the labor movement.
IPO Offering Size and Analyst Forecasts
Authors: Jin Chuntai , Li Tianze , Zheng Steven Xiaofan
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we examine how analysts react to IPO percentage offering size. We find that analysts predict lower long-term earnings growth rates for IPOs with larger percentage offering size. The sizes of both primary and secondary offering are negatively related to long-term growth rate forecasts. We find evidence that the free cash flow effect may be related to the negative relation between primary offering size and growth forecast.
Governing equations for probability densities of Marcus stochastic differential equations with Lévy noise
Authors: Sun Xu , Li Xiaofan , Zheng Yayun
Published: September 2016

Marcus stochastic differential equations (SDEs) often are appropriate models for stochastic dynamical systems driven by non-Gaussian Lévy processes and have wide applications in engineering and physical sciences. The probability density of the solution to an SDE offers complete statistical information on the underlying stochastic process. Explicit formula for the Fokker–Planck equation, the governing equation for the probability density, is well-known when the SDE is driven by a Brownian motion. In this paper, we address the open question of finding the Fokker–Planck equations for Marcus SDEs in arbitrary dimensions driven by non-Gaussian Lévy processes. The equations are given in a simple form that facilitates theoretical analysis and numerical computation. Several examples are presented to illustrate how the theoretical results can be applied to obtain Fokker–Planck equations for Marcus SDEs driven by Lévy processes.
Weak linear representation of M-estimaton in GLMs with dependent errors
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Hu Hongchang
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we consider the generalized linear models (GLMs) [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a continuous differentiable function, [Formula: see text] are dependent errors. We obtain the M-estimator [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] from the following equation: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is assumed to be a convex function. We also show the linear representation and asymptotic normality of the estimator, which extend the correspondingly results of Wu et al. (M-estimation of linear models with dependent errors, Ann. Statist. 2007) to GLMs.
Fair measure and fair entropy for non-Markov interval maps
Authors: Rodrigues Ana , Zhang Yiwei
Published: September 2016

In a recent paper [8] the entropy of a special measure, the fair measure was introduced. The fair entropy is computed following backward trajectories in a way such that at each step every preimage can be chosen with equal probability. In this paper, we continue studying the fair measure and the fair entropy for non-invertible interval maps under the framework of thermodynamic formalism. We extend several results in [8] to the non-Markov setting, and we prove that for each symmetric tent map the fair entropy is equal to the topological entropy if and only if the slope is equal to [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we also show that the fair measure is usually an equilibrium state, which has its own interest in stochastic mechanics.
A computational study on the thermal decomposition of di(tri)thiocarbonates
Authors: Xia Jingjing , Wu Ping
Published: September 2016

Alkyl methyl di(tri)thiocarbonates can be thermally decomposed into alkenes. In this paper, theoretical calculations were used to calculate the thermal decomposition procedures. Six compounds, including ethyl, isopropyl and [Formula: see text] dithiocarbonate and trithiocarbonate, were examined. For each decomposition, nine possible paths were considered, including the paths leading to the desired alkene products, as well as rearrangement and elimination reactions. This calculation was performed with the MP2/6-31G(d) method. Wiberg bond indices were also calculated to further reveal the reaction progress.
ENSO- and solar-driven sub-Milankovitch cyclicity in the Palaeogene greenhouse world; high-resolution pollen records from Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Authors: Lenz Olaf K. , Wilde Volker , Riegel Walter
Published: September 2016

The annually laminated oil shale from the Eocene maar lake at Messel (Germany) provides unique palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatological information for the Palaeogene greenhouse phase. Two palynological analyses of 6.3 and 70 kyr long records with a temporal resolution of 70 and 700 years respectively confirm vegetation and climate variability in the sub-Milankovitch range. This variability clearly corresponds to cyclic climate fluctuations indicating the influence of solar activity and a millennial-scale variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation also seen during the Quaternary icehouse system. This provides strong evidence of cyclic fluctuations in the sub-Milankovitch frequency band that represent a pervasive and persistent system not only of the Quaternary icehouse, but also throughout the entire Neogene and the Palaeogene greenhouse. This is proof for the long-term stability of the driving forces of natural climate change on Earth. Fluctuations in the frequency of palynomorphs indicate cyclic short-term quantitative changes in the composition of the vegetation. These changes were related to precipitation and corresponding fluctuations of the lake level as well as to changes in pollen production, transport and deposition.

Supplementary material:
A complete list of variables and palynomorphs used for pollen diagrams and statistical analyses, as well as additional time series analyses, are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3458778
Bouncing on Mars and the Moon—the role of gravity on neuromuscular control: correlation of muscle activity and rate of force development
Authors: Ritzmann Ramona , Freyler Kathrin , Krause Anne , Gollhofer Albert
Published: September 2016

On our astronomical neighbors Mars and the Moon, bouncing movements are the preferred locomotor techniques. During bouncing, the stretch-shortening cycle describes the muscular activation pattern. This study aimed to identify gravity-dependent changes in kinematic and neuromuscular characteristics in the stretch-shortening cycle. Hence, neuromuscular control of limb muscles as well as correlations between the muscles’ pre-activation, reflex components, and force output were assessed in lunar, Martian, and Earth gravity. During parabolic flights, peak force (Fmax), ground-contact-time, rate of force development (RFD), height, and impulse were measured. Electromyographic (EMG) activities in the m. soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were assessed before (PRE) and during bounces for the reflex phases short-, medium-, and long-latency response (SLR, MLR, LLR). With gradually decreasing gravitation, Fmax, RFD, and impulse were reduced, whereas ground-contact time and height increased. Concomitantly, EMG_GM decreased for PRE, SLR, MLR, and LLR, and in EMG_SOL in SLR, MLR, and LLR. For SLR and MLR, Fmaxand RFD were positively correlated to EMG_SOL. For PRE and LLR, RFD and Fmaxwere positively correlated to EMG_GM. Findings emphasize that biomechanically relevant kinematic adaptations in response to gravity variation were accompanied by muscle- and phase-specific modulations in neural control. Gravitational variation is anticipated and compensated for by gravity-adjusted muscle activities. Importantly, the pre-activation and reflex phases were differently affected: in SLR and MLR, SOL is assumed to contribute to the decline in force output with a decreasing load, and, complementary in PRE and LLR, GM seems to be of major importance for force generation.
A Randomized Phase IIb Trial of myo-Inositol in Smokers with Bronchial Dysplasia
Authors: Lam Stephen , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Gesthalter Yaron , Allen Ziegler Katie L. , Seisler Drew K. , Midthun David E. , Mao Jenny T. , Aubry Marie Christine , McWilliams Annette , Sin Don D. , Shaipanich Tawimas , Liu Gang , Johnson Evan , Bild Andrea , Lenburg Marc E. , Ionescu Diana N. , Mayo John , Yi Joanne (Eunhee) , Tazelaar Henry , Harmsen William S. , Smith Judith , Spira Avrum E. , Beane Jennifer , Limburg Paul J. , Szabo Eva
Published: September 2016

Previous preclinical studies and a phase I clinical trial suggested that myo-inositol may be a safe and effective lung cancer chemopreventive agent. We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study to determine the chemopreventive effects of myo-inositol in smokers with bronchial dysplasia. Smokers with ≥1 site of dysplasia identified by autofluorescence bronchoscopy-directed biopsy were randomly assigned to receive oral placebo or myo-inositol, 9 g once a day for 2 weeks, and then twice a day for 6 months. The primary endpoint was change in dysplasia rate after 6 months of intervention on a per-participant basis. Other trial endpoints reported herein include Ki-67 labeling index, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) levels of proinflammatory, oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, and an airway epithelial gene expression signature for PI3K activity. Seventy-four (n = 38 myo-inositol and n = 36 placebo) participants with a baseline and 6-month bronchoscopy were included in all efficacy analyses. The complete response and the progressive disease rates were 26.3% versus 13.9% and 47.4% versus 33.3%, respectively, in the myo-inositol and placebo arms (P = 0.76). Compared with placebo, myo-inositol intervention significantly reduced IL6 levels in BAL over 6 months (P = 0.03). Among those with a complete response in the myo-inositol arm, there was a significant decrease in a gene expression signature reflective of PI3K activation within the cytologically normal bronchial airway epithelium (P = 0.002). The heterogeneous response to myo-inositol suggests a targeted therapy approach based on molecular alterations is needed in future clinical trials to determine the efficacy of myo-inositol as a chemopreventive agent. Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 906–14. ©2016 AACR.
Subtelomeric Copy Number Variations: The Importance of 4p/4q Deletions in Patients with Congenital Anomalies and Developmental Disability
Authors: Novo-Filho Gil M. , Montenegro Marília M. , Zanardo Évelin A. , Dutra Roberta L. , Dias Alexandre T. , Piazzon Flavia B. , Costa Taís V.M.M. , Nascimento Amom M. , Honjo Rachel S. , Kim Chong A. , Kulikowski Leslie D.
Published: September 2016

The most prevalent structural variations in the human genome are copy number variations (CNVs), which appear predominantly in the subtelomeric regions. Variable sizes of 4p/4q CNVs have been associated with several different psychiatric findings and developmental disability (DD). We analyzed 105 patients with congenital anomalies (CA) and developmental and/or intellectual disabilities (DD/ID) using MLPA subtelomeric specific kits (P036 /P070) and 4 of them using microarrays. We found abnormal subtelomeric CNVs in 15 patients (14.3%), including 8 patients with subtelomeric deletions at 4p/4q (53.3%). Additional genomic changes were observed at 1p36, 2q37.3, 5p15.3, 5q35.3, 8p23.3, 13q11, 14q32.3, 15q11.2, and Xq28/Yq12. This indicates the prevalence of independent deletions at 4p/4q, involving PIGG, TRIML2, and FRG1. Furthermore, we identified 15 genes with changes in copy number that contribute to neurological development and/or function, among them CRMP1, SORCS2, SLC25A4, and HELT. Our results highlight the association of genes with changes in copy number at 4p and 4q subtelomeric regions and the DD phenotype. Cytogenomic characterization of additional cases with distal deletions should help clarifying the role of subtelomeric CNVs in neurological diseases.
A Randomized Trial on the Efficacy of Topical Anesthesia for Pain Reduction during Frame Placement for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
Authors: Duenas Sean Michael , Pun Jonathan , Radwan Hesham A. , Akerman Meredith , Schulder Michael
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: Frame application for gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) may be perceived as painful by patients. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of EMLA (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine) in pain reduction. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, and controlled trial approved by our institutional review board. Fifty-four patients undergoing outpatient GKR were divided into EMLA and placebo groups. Prior to frame placement, EMLA/placebo was applied to the patient's forehead. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain during 4 intervals: frontal injections, occipital injections, frontal screw insertion, and overall discomfort. This study was designed to observe a difference of 1.0 on the VAS at a power of 95%. Results: VAS for EMLA versus placebo for frontal injections (5.2 ± 2.7 vs. 5.7 ± 2.0, respectively; p < 0.45), back injections, (6.5 ± 2.2 vs. 5.9 ± 2.3, respectively; p < 0.30), frontal pins (4.6 ± 2.7 vs. 4.6 ± 2.2, respectively; p < 0.99), and overall discomfort (p < 0.29) were not significantly different. A comparison between back and frontal injections for EMLA (6.54 vs. 5.19, respectively; p < 0.16) and placebo (5.89 vs. 5.68, respectively; p < 0.69) showed no significant difference between group and location (p < 0.21). Conclusion: Application of EMLA did not significantly reduce pain when used preoperatively for frame fixation. EMLA is no longer used as part of our routine for patients undergoing GKR.
Restoration of Hydrogen Sulfide Production in Diabetic Mice Improves Reparative Function of Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Cheng Zhongjian , Garikipati Venkata Naga Srikanth , Nickoloff Emily , Wang Chunlin , Polhemus David J. , Zhou Jibin , Benedict Cynthia , Khan Mohsin , Verma Suresh K. , Rabinowitz Joseph E. , Lefer David , Kishore Raj
Published: September 2016

Background:

Bone marrow cell (BMC)–based treatment for critical limb ischemia in diabetic patients yielded a modest therapeutic effect resulting from cell dysfunction. Therefore, approaches that improve diabetic stem/progenitor cell functions may provide therapeutic benefits. Here, we tested the hypothesis that restoration of hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) production in diabetic BMCs improves their reparative capacities.

Methods:

Mouse BMCs were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation. Unilateral hind limb ischemia was conducted in 12- to 14-week-old db/+ and db/db mice by ligation of the left femoral artery. The H
2
S level was measured by either gas chromatography or staining with florescent dye sulfidefluor 7
AM
.

Results:

Both H
2
S production and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), an H
2
S enzyme, levels were significantly decreased in BMCs from diabetic db/db mice. Administration of H
2
S donor diallyl trisulfide (DATS) or overexpression of CSE restored H
2
S production and enhanced cell survival and migratory capacity in high glucose (HG)–treated BMCs. Immediately after hind limb ischemia surgery, the db/+ and db/db mice were administered DATS orally and/or given a local intramuscular injection of green fluorescent protein–labeled BMCs or red fluorescent protein–CSE–overexpressing BMCs (CSE-BMCs). Mice with hind limb ischemia were divided into 6 groups: db/+, db/db, db/db+BMCs, db/db+DATS, db/db+DATS+BMCs, and db/db+CSE-BMCs. DATS and CSE overexpression greatly enhanced diabetic BMC retention in ischemic hind limbs followed by improved blood perfusion, capillary/arteriole density, skeletal muscle architecture, and cell survival and decreased perivascular CD68
+
cell infiltration in the ischemic hind limbs of diabetic mice. It is interesting to note that DATS or CSE overexpression rescued high glucose–impaired migration, tube formation, and survival of BMCs or mature human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, DATS restored nitric oxide production and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation at threonine 495 levels in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells and improved BMC angiogenic activity under high glucose condition. Last, silencing CSE by siRNA significantly increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation at threonine 495 levels in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells.

Conclusions:

Decreased CSE-mediated H
2
S bioavailability is an underlying source of BMC dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Our data indicate that H
2
S and overexpression of CSE in diabetic BMCs may rescue their dysfunction and open novel avenues for cell-based therapeutics of critical limb ischemia in diabetic patients.
The Quest for the Pāśupata Weapon
Authors: Bakker Hans T. , Bisschop Peter C.
Published: September 2016

This article offers a new iconographic reading of the sixth-century architrave of the gateway of the Mahādeva Temple at ancient Madhyamikā (Nagarī). It is argued that the eastern and western face of the architrave should be read in conjunction. The eastern face shows Śiva’s entry as a naked mendicant into the Devadāruvana, while the western face depicts the Kirātārjunīya, a story that is foreshadowed in the panels of the eastern face. The motif that ties both stories together is the Brahmaśiras or ‘Head of Brahmā,’ which is simultaneously the skull that forms Śiva’s begging bowl and the Pāśupata Weapon acquired by Arjuna. The theme of the winning of the Pāśupata Weapon may have had particular resonance for the Aulikara rulers in their troubled times.
On the Value of Commentaries on eu Law in the Central and East European Legal Space: A Review Article of Three German Standard Commentaries
Authors: Schewe Christoph J.
Published: September 2016

The impact of the law of the European Union (eu) differs considerably among the various Central and Eastern European (cee) states. Some cee states are eu member states; others are accession candidates, while still others have signed association agreements with the eu. Clearly, eu law applies to each group in different ways. Furthermore, other cee countries are member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (eaeu). Although not directly impacted by eu law, eaeu states may face questions of economic integration similar to those which have faced a challenge to the eu and, thus, likely will have a practical interest in legal comparisons. Accordingly – albeit to varying degrees – scholars and practitioners in the entire cee region inevitably find themselves confronted by issues requiring a strong understanding of eu law and, for that reason, will require reliable resources for research purposes. As such, the aim of this review article is to introduce rceel readers to the concept of commentaries on eu law, generally, as well as to three major German commentaries on eu law, specifically.
Deconstructing the Ancients/Moderns Trope in Historical Reception
Authors: Wallach John R.
Published: September 2016

Notably since Thomas Hobbes, canonically with Benjamin Constant, and conventionally amid Nietzschean, Popperian, Straussian, Arendtian, liberal (sc. Madison, Mill, Berlin, Rawls, Vlastos, Hansen), republican (sc. Skinner), political (sc. Finley), and sociological (sc. Ober) readings of ancient texts, contemporary scholarship on the ancients often has employed some version of the dichotomous ancient/modern or ancient/contemporary contrast as a template for explaining, understanding, and interpretively appropriating ancient texts and political practices – particularly those of ancient Greek philosophy and democracy (although Roman ideas and practices also have been invoked). In particular, this has been done to argue for some conception of political ethics and democracy. I argue that this rhetorical trope, often using Athens and Europe/America as synecdoches for antiquity and modernity, has generated narrow and distorted views of ancient texts and political practices, on the one hand, and their contemporary relevance, on the other – views that misinterpret the theoretical significance of historical phenomena and misread the potential lessons of ancient authorities. Instead, texts and practices should be read either with more qualifications or more fully against a historical dynamic of critical philosophy and political power – including its ethical, cultural, institutional, and governing elements – that is not framed by this dichotomy.
Multilocus phylogeny reveals Gibsmithia hawaiiensis (Dumontiaceae, Rhodophyta) to be a species complex from the Indo-Pacific, with the proposal of G. eilatensis sp. nov.
Authors: GABRIEL DANIELA , DRAISMA STEFANO G.A. , SAUVAGE THOMAS , SCHMIDT WILLIAM E. , SCHILS TOM , LIM PHAIK-EEM , HARRIS D. JAMES , FREDERICQ SUZANNE
Published: September 2016

Gibsmithia hawaiiensis is a peculiar red alga characterized by furry gelatinous lobes arising from a cartilaginous stalk. The species has been recorded from tropical reef systems throughout the Indo-Pacific. A multilocus phylogeny (UPA, rbcL, COI-5P) of 36 specimens collected throughout the species distribution range, showed high genetic diversity at species level. Two major groups were identified, each consisting of multiple lineages. Genetic variability was low in the Hawaiian Islands and the northern Red Sea and high in the Western Indian Ocean and the Coral Triangle, where lineages overlap in distribution. Genetic distances suggest that G. hawaiiensis represents a complex of five cryptic species, with no difference observed in the external morphology corresponding to separate lineages. Anatomical and reproductive differences were observed at the microscopic level for the lineage from the Red Sea, which is here described as G. eilatensis sp. nov. The geographic range of the species complex is here expanded to include Madagascar, the Red Sea and the Indo-Malay region, and the generitype seems endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Algal diversity on coral reef systems is discussed from a conservation perspective using G. hawaiiensis as an example.
Typifications of the Linnaean names Centaurea eriophora and C. orientalis (Asteraceae)
Authors: ALTINORDU FAHIM , FERRER-GALLEGO P. PABLO
Published: September 2016

The typifications of the Linnaean names Centaurea eriophora and C. orientalis (Asteraceae) are discussed. Two specimens from the Linnaeus herbarium at LINN are designated as the lectotypes.
Three new species of Cheilolejeunea (Spruce) Steph. (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae) from northern Brazil
Authors: BASTOS CID JOSÉ PASSOS , SIERRA ADRIEL M. , ZARTMAN CHARLES E.
Published: September 2016

Cheilolejeunea aracaensis sp. nov., Cheilolejeunea caracariense sp. nov., and Cheilolejeunea cuspidifera sp. nov. are described from Amazonas and Roraima states in northern Brazil. C. aracaensis differs from the other neotropical species in the genus by having the second and first lobule teeth elongated and paired, lacking subgynoecial innovations, a perianth with inflated ventral keels and inconspicuous rostrum. C. caracariensis is distinguished by its conical lobule, plane free margin, and a strongly papillose keel. C. cuspidifera is distinguished by being an irregularly dentate near the apex of the leaf lobe, second lobule tooth elongated and underleaves with cuspidate lobes.
A new variety of Panax (Araliaceae) from Lam Vien Plateau, Vietnam and its molecular evidence
Authors: DUY NONG VAN , TRIEU LE NGOC , CHINH NGUYEN DUY , TRAN VAN TIEN
Published: September 2016

A new variety of Panax, P. vietnamensis var. langbianensis is described from Lang Bian Mountain, Lam Vien Plateau in southern Vietnam. It is visually distinct from other two varieties of P. vietnamensis (var. vietnamensis, var. fuscidiscus) by having the shorter petiolules 8–11 mm long, leaflet apex acuminate, pedicels 0.4–0.6 cm, petals smaller, disk prominent, and styles typically 2 (or rarely 1). The recognition of the new variety is supported by the evidence of molecular sequence data from three markers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, 18S rRNA and partial matK) in addition to morphological consideration. The new variety is known only from one population from the locality where the type specimens were collected. The species occurs in an area of only approximately 1 km2 with a population size of approximately 100–200 individuals. Therefore it should be regarded as critically endangered (CBB2acb (ii,iii,v); C2a(i); E) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and criteria.
Hybothoracaphis, a new genus of Nipponaphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae) from China and its phylogenetic placement based on multiple genes
Authors: CHEN JING , JIANG LIYUN , QIAO GEXIA
Published: September 2016

Hybothoracaphis gen. nov. with one new species Hybothoracaphis laevigata sp. nov. on Quercus aquifolioides from Tibet, China is described and illustrated in the aphid tribe Nipponaphidini. The phylogenetic position of the new genus within Nipponaphidini is investigated using multiple genes, and a key to Hybothoracaphis and allied genera is provided.
First records of the cremastocheiline genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)
Authors: KRIKKEN J.
Published: September 2016

A new species of the myrmecophilous Asian genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Cremastocheilini) is recorded from three localities on different parts of Sulawesi island (Indonesia). These are the first published records of the genus from the island. The taxonomic position and ecology of Clinterocera are briefly discussed. The male holotype of Clinterocera heinrichi new species comes from Central Sulawesi while a second male specimen from North Sulawesi male seems different enough to be placed in another species-group taxon, but more material needs to be examined first.
The Pinnotheridae of the northeastern Pacific (Alaska to Mexico): zoogeographical remarks and new bivalve hosts (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae)
Authors: CAMPOS ERNESTO
Published: September 2016

New bivalve host records for four pinnotherid crabs of the Mexican Pacific are reported: Fabia subquadrata Dana, 1851, in Modiolus capax (Conrad, 1837); Opisthopus transversus Rathbun, 1893, in Tivela stultorum (Mawe, 1823); Pinnaxodes gigas (Green, 1992), in Pinna rugosa (Sowerby, 1835), and Panopea generosa Gould, 1850; and Tumidotheres margarita (Smith, 1870), in Nodipecten subnodosus (Sowerby, 1835). The southernmost distribution of F. subquadrata is extended to about 600 km along the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula; the distribution of P. gigas is extended outside the Gulf of California more than 1000 km north to San Quintín, on the west coast of Baja California; and the range of T. margarita is restricted on the west coast of Baja California to Scammon´s Lagoon, Baja California Sur and Playa Kino Viejo, Sonora in the central region of the Gulf of California, Mexico to Panama. Based on the new material, new information on taxonomy, ecology, and life history is provided for each of these species. Pinnotheres nudus Holmes, 1895 is restored as a valid species and is removed from its synonymy with O. transversus. An updated checklist with remarks on zoogeography for the 60 pinnotherid species, included in 23 genera, of the northeastern Pacific region (Alaska to the Mexican tropical Pacific) is given.
A Content Analysis of Literature on Trans People and Issues
Authors: Moradi Bonnie , Tebbe Elliot A. , Brewster Melanie E. , Budge Stephanie L. , Lenzen Alex , Ege Engin , Schuch Elena , Arango Sarah , Angelone Nicholas , Mender Eli , Hiner Dylan L. , Huscher Kileigh , Painter Jackson , Flores Mirella J.
Published: September 2016

This study provides a content analysis of more than a decade (2002–2012) of academic scholarship about trans people and issues. A total of 960 trans-focused publications were coded; there was a close balance of nonempirical (54%) and empirical (46%) publications. The analyses revealed that the literature on trans people and issues is growing, although many publications include trans people and issues nominally without substantive attention. The analyses also pointed to underutilized research designs and methodologies, the need for more clear assessment and more consistent reporting of demographic characteristics, and topics that warrant further attention. Specifically, literature on trans people and issues continues to be needed on the topics of focus thus far, such as psychological and identity-related distress. Scholarship is also needed to address important topics that have been understudied, including self-harm and suicide, positive functioning and mental health promoting factors, developmental issues across the life span, school and workplace experiences, and the training and competencies of health care providers to ensure affirmative and effective services for trans people.
Community work in Germany and Sweden in context of changing welfare models
Authors: Sjöberg Stefan , Többe-Schukalla Monika , Singh Sanaya , Martinss Karl-Heinz
Published: September 2016

The aim of this comparative study was to explore how community work is being undertaken in marginalized urban settings in Germany and Sweden, in relation to changing contexts of respective welfare models. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in neighborhoods in Gävle, Sweden, and Paderborn, Germany, and were analyzed by abductive thematic discourse analysis, using Atlas.ti and MaxQData. The results showed that community work in the respective settings is affected by lack of sufficient resources to meet increasing levels of social exclusion, related to ongoing transformation processes of the welfare regimes, and there is a lack of collective empowerment perspectives for social change.
Roles of Urban Indigenous Community Members in Collaborative Field-Based Teacher Preparation
Authors: Lees Anna
Published: September 2016

This qualitative case study explored a community–university partnership for teacher preparation with an urban Indigenous community organization. The study examined the roles of Indigenous community partners as co-teacher educators working to better prepare teachers for the needs of urban Indigenous children and communities. The author collected data through focus groups with Indigenous participants before and after engagement with the partnership, direct observations of partnership activities where Indigenous participants interacted with teacher candidates and university faculty, and offered individual interviews for all participants. Indigenous Postcolonial Theory (IPT) guided this research and offered a lens to examine the perspectives of urban Indigenous community members engaged as co-teacher educators in field-based teacher preparation. This study held implications for continued development of Indigenous community–university partnerships and furthering the role of community leaders in teacher preparation to advance efforts of Indigenous postcolonialism through self-education.
Medievalism and Portuguese modernity in Lídia Jorge’s O dia dos prodígios
Authors: Ceroni Sara
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the ways in which Portuguese writer Lídia Jorge recovers a medieval discourse to comment on Portugal’s twentieth-century history in her debut novel O dia dos prodígios (1980). It focuses not on the Middle Ages as a distinct period of European history but on the representations of the Middle Ages in post-medieval worlds, positing medievalism as an instance of Saidian orientalism. Although Jorge’s medievalizing (and orientalizing) gesture towards Portuguese modernity expresses a critical stance towards both the Salazar/Caetano regime and post-dictatorial revolutionary propaganda, this paper argues that Jorge makes a complex and multilayered use of medievalism/orientalism which contains both hegemonic and non-hegemonic, conservative and emancipatory aspects.
Word Learning and Story Comprehension From Digital Storybooks
Authors: Kelley Elizabeth S. , Kinney Kara
Published: September 2016

An emerging body of research examines language learning of young children from experiences with digital storybooks, but little is known about the ways in which specific components of digital storybooks, including interactive elements, may influence language learning. The purpose of the study was to examine the incidental word learning and story comprehension of preschool children after interactions with interactive and noninteractive versions of a digital storybook. Thirty preschool children were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: interactive in which the story text was presented aloud and interactive features were present and not interactive in which the story text was presented aloud with no interactive features. After three sessions with the digital storybook, no group differences were observed between conditions on measures of word learning or story comprehension. Children in both groups demonstrated some learning of new words; however, gains were minimal, approximately one new word per child. This study contributes preliminary data to indicate that interactive components of digital storybooks may not be sufficient to facilitate language learning. Instruction, rather than incidental exposure, is likely necessary for meaningful language learning from digital storybooks.
Long‐Term Nutrition
Authors: Bechtold Matthew L. , Mir Fazia A. , Boumitri Christine , Palmer Lena B. , Evans David C. , Kiraly Laszlo N. , Nguyen Douglas L.
Published: September 2016

Long‐term nutrition support requires long‐term enteral access. To ensure the success of long‐term enteral access, many factors need to be taken into consideration. This article represents a guide to placing and maintaining access in patients requiring long‐term nutrition and addresses many of the common questions regarding long‐term enteral access, such as indications, types of access, feeding after access placed, and recognition and treatment of potential complications. This guide will help the clinician establish and maintain access to maximize nutrition in patients requiring long‐term nutrition.
Reasoning about truth-telling in end-of-life care of patients with acute stroke
Authors: Rejnö Åsa , Silfverberg Gunilla , Ternestedt Britt-Marie
Published: September 2016

Background:

Ethical problems are a universal phenomenon but rarely researched concerning patients dying from acute stroke. These patients often have a reduced consciousness from stroke onset and thereby lack ability to convey their needs and could be described as ‘incompetent’ decision makers regarding their own care.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to deepen the understanding of stroke team members’ reasoning about truth-telling in end-of-life care due to acute stroke.

Research design:

Qualitative study based on individual interviews utilizing combined deductive and inductive content analysis.

Participants and research context:

A total of 15 stroke team members working in stroke units of two associated county hospitals in western Sweden participated.

Ethical considerations:

The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Review Board, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Findings:

The main findings were the team members’ dynamic movement between the categories ‘Truth above all’ and ‘Hide truth to protect’. Honesty was highly valued and considered as a reason for always telling the truth, with the argument of truth as common morality. However, the carers also argued for hiding the truth for different reasons such as not adding extra burden in the sorrow, awaiting a timely moment and not being a messenger of bad news. Withholding truth could both be seen as a way of protecting themselves from difficult conversations and to protect others.

Discussion:

The results indicate that there are various barriers for truthfulness. Interpreted from a virtue of ethics perspective, withholding of truth might also be seen as an expression of sound judgement to put the patient’s best interest first.

Conclusion:

The carers may need support in the form of supervision to be given space to reflect on their experience and thereby promote ethically justified care. Here, the multi-professional team can be of great value and contribute through inter-professional sharing of knowledge.
Calcitonin-Negative Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Thyroid
Authors: Parmer Megan , Milan Stacey , Torabi Alireza
Published: September 2016

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the thyroid are rare; the most common type is medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). They are derived from parafollicular cells (C-cells) that usually express calcitonin, chromogranin, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Calcitonin-negative NETs of the thyroid are extremely rare, and the origin of these tumors is unclear. Whereas some believe that these tumors are from follicular cells, recent reports have shown expression of calcitonin gene–related peptide in these tumors, indicating parafollicular C-cell origin. Here, we report a case of calcitonin-negative NET of the thyroid in a 74-year-old woman, with review of the literature.
Comparison of Postoperative Height Changes of the Second Metatarsal Among 3 Osteotomy Methods for Hallux Valgus Deformity Correction
Authors: Choi Jun Young , Suh Yu Min , Yeom Ji Woong , Suh Jin Soo
Published: September 2016

Background:

We aimed to compare the postoperative height of the second metatarsal head relative to the first metatarsal head using axial radiographs among 3 different commonly used osteotomy techniques: proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (PCMO), scarf osteotomy, and distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO).

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the radiographs and clinical findings of the patients with painful callosities under the second metatarsal head, complicated by hallux valgus, who underwent isolated PCMO, scarf osteotomy, or DCMO from February 2005 to January 2015. Each osteotomy was performed with 20 degrees of plantar ward obliquity. Along with lateral translation and rotation of the distal fragment to correct the deformity, lowering of the first metatarsal head was made by virtue of the oblique metatarsal osteotomy.

Results:

Significant postoperative change in the second metatarsal height was observed on axial radiographs in all groups; this value was greatest in the PCMO group (vs scarf: P = .013; vs DCMO: P = .008) but did not significantly differ between the scarf and DCMO groups ( P = .785). The power for second metatarsal height correction was significantly greater in the PCMO group (vs scarf: P = .0005; vs DCMO: P = .0005) but did not significantly differ between the scarf and DCMO groups ( P = .832).

Conclusions:

Among the 3 osteotomy techniques commonly used to correct hallux valgus deformity, we observed that PCMO yielded the most effective height change of the second metatarsal head.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Neurons versus Networks: The Interplay between Individual Neurons and Neural Networks in Cognitive Functions
Authors: Arshavsky Yuri I.
Published: September 2016

The main paradigm of cognitive neuroscience is the connectionist concept postulating that the higher nervous activity is performed through interactions of neurons forming complex networks, whereas the function of individual neurons is restricted to generating electrical potentials and transmitting signals to other cells. In this article, I describe the observations from three fields—neurolinguistics, physiology of memory, and sensory perception—that can hardly be explained within the constraints of a purely connectionist concept. Rather, these examples suggest that cognitive functions are determined by specific properties of individual neurons and, therefore, are likely to be accomplished primarily at the intracellular level. This view is supported by the recent discovery that the brain’s ability to create abstract concepts of particular individuals, animals, or places is performed by neurons (“concept cells”) sparsely distributed in the medial temporal lobe.
A design of active constrained layer damping treatment for vibration control of circular cylindrical shell structure
Authors: Panda Satyajit , Kumar Ambesh
Published: September 2016

A new 1-3 viscoelastic composite material (VECM) layer is designed for improved active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment of vibration of a functionally graded (FG) circular cylindrical shell. Besides this improved active damping treatment, another objective of this study is to control all the modes of vibration of the shell effectively using the treatment (active constrained layer damping) in layer-form throughout the outer shell-surface. In this design of active constrained layer damping treatment in layer-form, its (active constrained layer damping) necessary conformability with the curved host shell-surface is ensured by the use of a vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite (PZC) constraining layer, whereas the effective control of several modes of vibration of the shell is achieved by the use of electrode-patches over the surfaces of the constraining layer. A fruitful strategy in the arrangement of electrode-patches is proposed for effective control of several modes of vibration of the shell using one configuration of the electrode-patches. An electric potential function is assumed for this use of electrode-patches and a geometrically nonlinear coupled electro-visco-elastic incremental finite element model of the overall shell is developed for its analysis in the frequency-domain. The analysis reveals significant improvement of active damping characteristics of the active constrained layer damping layer for the use of the present 1-3 viscoelastic composite material layer instead of the traditional monolithic viscoelastic material (VEM) layer. The analysis also reveals the suitability of the present strategy of arrangement of electrode-patches for achieving aforesaid control-activity of the ACLD layer. The effects of temperature in the host functionally graded shell and different geometric parameters in the design of the 1-3 viscoelastic composite material layer on the damping characteristics of overall shell are also presented.
From a Majority to a Minority: How Municipal Mergers in Japan Changed the Distribution of Political Powers and the Allocation of Public Services Within a Merged Municipality
Authors: Yamada Kyohei
Published: September 2016

This article examines whether or not municipal mergers change the perceived level of public services within a merged municipality. I argue that residents of small municipalities that merge with larger neighbors lose political powers after the mergers; they become a minority within a merged municipality, and their electoral importance declines accordingly. As a result, the level of public services to the merged localities is expected to decrease. I test this argument by focusing on the nationwide concurrence of municipal mergers in Japan that rapidly took place in the 2000s. I conducted a survey of voters in rural municipalities that merged and those that remained intact during this wave of mergers. Using the responses to the survey, I demonstrate that the level of public services, as perceived by the respondents, declined more significantly in municipalities with mergers than in municipalities without.
From maintaining the status quo to promoting free thinking and inquiry: Business students’ perspective on the purpose of business school teaching
Authors: Koris Riina , Örtenblad Anders , Ojala Triinu
Published: September 2016

We are facing a world where business schools have made it their primary aim to enhance student career prospects and/or salaries by teaching business solely from a business perspective. The authors of this article explore international business students’ viewpoints on the purpose of business school teaching and business school graduates. Having operationalized a typology of business school graduates as a student survey, the authors show that students expect a balanced education. As a business school graduate, they see their purpose not only to replace the existing successful managers and increase the effectiveness of organizations but also to be able to ensure humane, ethical and eco-friendly organizations promoting economic and social welfare and justice. In addition, and quite contrary to what many claim in extant literature, students value and identify with intellectual curiosity, critical thinking and introspection which would ultimately pave the way for serving the public interest. We therefore suggest that for a business school to ‘legitimately’ position itself as a university and rightfully provide academic degrees, it should, in addition to providing students with a profit-maximization toolkit, deliver a wider education balancing different (human, moral, environmental, social and so on) perspectives.
Conditions for new parties’ participation in a founding election in a democratic transition
Authors: Aït-Aoudia Myriam
Published: September 2016

The literature on democratic transitions considers the participation of new parties in the first pluralist election in a post-authoritarian context (founding election) as something to be taken for granted. As such, it is never questioned. Specialists in democratic transitions ignore the research on “new parties,” which is, nonetheless, essential to the understanding of the particular characteristics of a post-authoritarian situation. Using an original qualitative study on Algeria, this article proposes to bring to light the political, organizational, and legal conditions of new political parties’ participation or nonparticipation in a founding election. In particular, this research allows us to grasp the dilemmas and difficulties faced by leaders of new parties and the types of support on which they rely to engage for the first time in an electoral competition. The analytical framework stemming from this “case study” is applicable to other national case studies.