bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of iron homeostasis biomarkers in type 2 diabetes and glycaemic traits: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liang Ying , Luo Shan , Wong Tommy Hon Ting , He Baoting , Schooling C Mary , Au Yeung Shiu Lun
Published: July 2023

Background

Mendelian randomization (MR) studies show iron positively associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but included potentially biasing hereditary haemochromatosis variants and did not assess reverse causality.

Methods

We assessed the relation of iron homeostasis with T2D and glycaemic traits bidirectionally, using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of iron homeostasis biomarkers [ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TSAT) (n ≤ 246 139)], T2D (DIAMANTE n = 933 970 and FinnGen n = 300 483), and glycaemic traits [fasting glucose (FG), 2-h glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting insulin (FI) (n ≤ 209 605)]. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the main analysis, supplemented with sensitivity analyses and assessment of mediation by hepcidin.

Results

Iron homeostasis biomarkers were largely unrelated to T2D, although serum iron was potentially associated with higher T2D [odds ratio: 1.07 per standard deviation; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99 to 1.16; P-value: 0.078) in DIAMANTE only. Higher ferritin, serum iron, TSAT and lower TIBC likely decreased HbA1c, but were not associated with other glycaemic traits. Liability to T2D likely increased TIBC (0.03 per log odds; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.05; P-value: 0.005), FI likely increased ferritin (0.29 per log pmol/L; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.47; P-value: 8.72 x 10–4). FG likely increased serum iron (0.06 per mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.12; P-value: 0.046). Hepcidin did not mediate these associations.

Conclusion

It is unlikely that ferritin, TSAT and TIBC cause T2D although an association for serum iron could not be excluded. Glycaemic traits and liability to T2D may affect iron homeostasis, but mediation by hepcidin is unlikely. Corresponding mechanistic studies are warranted.
Causal Order Complex and Magnitude Homotopy Type of Metric Spaces
Authors: Tajima Yu , Yoshinaga Masahiko
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we construct a pointed CW complex called the magnitude homotopy type for a given metric space $X$ and a real parameter $\ell \geq 0$. This space is roughly consisting of all paths of length $\ell $ and has the reduced homology group that is isomorphic to the magnitude homology group of $X$. To construct the magnitude homotopy type, we consider the poset structure on the spacetime $X\times \mathbb{R}$ defined by causal (time- or light-like) relations. The magnitude homotopy type is defined as the quotient of the order complex of an intervals on $X\times \mathbb{R}$ by a certain subcomplex. The magnitude homotopy type gives a covariant functor from the category of metric spaces with $1$-Lipschitz maps to the category of pointed topological spaces. The magnitude homotopy type also has a “path integral” like expression for certain metric spaces. By applying discrete Morse theory to the magnitude homotopy type, we obtain a new proof of the Mayer–Vietoris-type theorem and several new results including the invariance of the magnitude under sycamore twist of finite metric spaces.
Corrigendum to “Sharp Hardy Space Estimates for Multipliers” (Int. Math. Res. Not. 2022 (2022): 10403–30)
Authors: Grafakos Loukas , Park Bae Jun
Published: July 2023

We correct an error in Lemma 4.1 [pages 10420–2] in our article listed in the title. This concerns the cases $s=n$ and $\gamma \leqslant 2$ below, but it does not affect the main results of the article, that is, Theorems 1.1 and 1.2, as only the case $s<n$ is used in the paper.
EfficientNetV2-based dynamic gesture recognition using transformed scalogram from triaxial acceleration signal
Authors: Kim Bumsoo , Seo Sanghyun
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a dynamic gesture recognition system is proposed using triaxial acceleration signal and image-based deep neural network. With our dexterous glove device, 1D acceleration signal can be measured from each finger and decomposed to time-divided frequency components via wavelet transformation, which is known as scalogram as image-like format. To feed-forward the scalogram with single 2D, convolutional neural networks allows the gesture having temporality to be easily recognized without any complex system such as RNN, LSTM, or spatio-temporal feature as 3D CNN, etc. To classify the image with general input dimension of image RGB channels, we numerically reconstruct fifteen scalograms into one RGB image with various representation methods. In experiments, we employ the off-the-shelf model, EfficientNetV2 small-to-large model as an image classification model with fine-tuning. To evaluate our system, we bulid our custom bicycle hand signals as dynamic gesture dataset under our transformation system, and then qualitatively compare the reconstruction method with matrix representation methods. In addition, we use other signal transformation tools such as the fast Fourier transform and short-time Fourier transform and then explain the advantages of scalogram classification in the terms of time-frequency resolution trade-off issue.
Anisotropy evaluation and interface detection based on 3D holographic azimuthal electromagnetic resistivity logging instrument
Authors: Fang Liqi , Bai Yuxin , Guo Shuyu , Liu Xiao , Tang Siyu , Li Xiaoqiu , Xiao Jiaqi
Published: July 2023

3D holographic azimuthal electromagnetic resistivity logging-while-drilling (LWD) is a convenient and efficient technology to obtain information about formation. It has the advantages of being instant and accurate. It can be applied to fields of engineering such as evaluating anisotropy and detecting nearby geological interfaces. A 3D electromagnetic resistivity azimuthal LWD instrument consists of coaxial, coplanar, tilted and orthogonal antenna systems, being able to solve for all nine components. The explicit generic formulation is derived from presenting the response for a basic unit of one arbitrarily oriented transmitter and one arbitrarily oriented receiver. Combining the responses of basic units with different transmitter-receiver spacing and different components, an ‘anisotropy signal’ is defined with the phase difference ${M}_{px}$ and amplitude ratio ${M}_{ax}$. A ‘boundary signal’ is also defined with the phase difference ${M}_{pz}$ and amplitude ratio ${M}_{az}$. Forward simulation results show that the 2MHz ${M}_{px}$ can accurately identify geological anisotropy in highly deviated and horizontal wells. The ${M}_{az}$ can detect geological interfaces in highly deviated and horizontal wells. the 100 kHz${\rm{\ }}{M}_{az}\ $can detect geological boundaries in the range of 8–9 m.
Urban geophysical exploration: case study in Chengdu International Bio-City
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Hua , Wang Donghui , Zhou Sheng , Zhang Wei , Long Xia , Yang Jiang , Wang Qiao
Published: July 2023

Understanding the shallow geological structure of urban areas is crucial for effective planning and development of underground spaces. Geophysical methods that are well-suited for site-specific investigation and have robustly anti-interference capabilities can provide important geological information for urban areas. In support of investigating the 3D geological structure of the shallow subsurface in Chengdu International Bio-City, a geophysical exploration study was conducted using three methods: the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), micro-seismic exploration and opposing-coil transient electromagnetic method (OCTEM). Results from the study showed that the ERT method was greatly affected by local high-resistance bodies, construction sites and industrial currents, therefore leading to poor detection results that did not match well with the area’s layered structure characteristics. The micro-seismic exploration method showed good layering effects and correlation with the drilling data in the elevation range of ∼350 to 436 m, but poor layering effects and low correlation with drilling data in the elevation range of ∼235 to 350 m, with relatively slow construction efficiency. The OCTEM showed good correlation with the drilling data for shallow depths up to 200 m and good identification capabilities for gypsum and mudstone in the area. Additionally, the instrument’s anti-interference ability was suitable for complex urban conditions. Thus, OCTEM was selected for the area-based exploration with a 100 × 10 m grid, rapidly obtaining 3D resistivity information for depths up to 200 m in the study area. By integrating the 3D resistivity information with known engineering geological information, a comprehensive 3D geological model of the study area was created.
Radiation hydrodynamics in a moving plasma with Compton scattering: Revisited
Authors: Fukue J
Published: July 2023

Radiation hydrodynamical equations with Compton scattering are presented in a convenient way; equations are available in the subrelativistic regime of $k_{\rm B}T/(m_{\rm e}c^2) \lesssim 0.1$, $h\nu /(m_{\rm e}c^2) \lesssim 0.1$ (or $k_{\rm B}T_{\rm rad}/(m_{\rm e}c^2) \lesssim 0.1$), and $v/c \lesssim 0.1$, where T is the electron temperature, ν the photon frequency, Trad the photon temperature, and v the fluid bulk velocity. Several basic concepts and radiation hydrodynamical phenomena under Compton scattering are briefly discussed; e.g. electron-scattering opacity and the Eddington luminosity, optical depth and a static atmosphere, the photon trapping radius, the magic terminal speed, the pseudo-photosphere of radiative winds, the explicit form of basic equations for steady flows, radiation acoustic wave, and so on.
Analysing the large-scale bulk flow using cosmicflows4: increasing tension with the standard cosmological model
Authors: Watkins Richard , Allen Trey , Bradford Collin James , Ramon Albert , Walker Alexandra , Feldman Hume A , Cionitti Rachel , Al-Shorman Yara , Kourkchi Ehsan , Tully R Brent
Published: July 2023

We present an estimate of the bulk flow in a volume of radii 150−200 h−1 Mpc using the minimum variance method with data from the CosmicFlows-4 (CF4) catalogue. The addition of new data in the CF4 has resulted in an increase in the estimate of the bulk flow in a sphere of radius 150 h−1 Mpc relative to the CosmicFlows-3 (CF3). This bulk flow has an $\sim 0.015~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ chance of occurring in the standard cosmological model with cosmic microwave background derived parameters. Given that the CF4 is deeper than the CF3, we were able to use the CF4 to accurately estimate the bulk flow on scales of 200 h−1 Mpc (equivalent to 266 Mpc for Hubble constant H0 = 75 km s−1 Mpc−1) for the first time. This bulk flow is in even greater tension with the standard model, having $\sim 1.5\times 10^{-4}\ \%$ probability of occurring. To estimate the bulk flow accurately, we introduce a novel method to calculate distances and velocities from distance moduli that is unbiased and accurate at all distances. Our results are completely independent of the value of H0.
On the hysteresis effect in transitions between accretion and propeller regimes
Authors: Çıkıntoğlu Sercan , Ekşi K Yavuz
Published: July 2023

Some observations and numerical simulations of disc–magnetosphere interaction show that accretion can proceed in the propeller regime. When the Alfvén radius is beyond the corotation radius, matter climbs up to the high latitudes where the Alfvén surface is inside the equilibrium surface and can accrete. We calculate the fraction of the mass flux in the disc that can accrete onto the neutron star depending on the fastness parameter and the inclination angle between rotation and magnetic axis. We find that, for a narrow range of the fastness parameter, the Alfvén and the equilibrium surfaces intersect at two different critical latitudes. While the system is transiting from the propeller to the accretion regime (the initial rise of an outburst), the disc is already thick and the part of the disc between these two critical latitudes cannot accrete. In transitions from the accretion to the propeller regime (decay of an outburst), the disc is thin, hence, full accretion of matter proceeds until the Alfvén radius moves beyond the equilibrium radius at the disc mid-plane. Therefore, the accretion regime commences at a smaller fastness parameter than it ceases. As a result, the transition from the propeller to the accretion regime occurs at a luminosity higher than the transition from the accretion to the propeller regime. We discuss the implications of our results for spectral transitions exhibited by low-mass X-ray binaries.
A new redback pulsar candidate 4FGL J2054.2+6904
Authors: Karpova A V , Zyuzin D A , Shibanov Yu A , Gilfanov M R
Published: July 2023

The Fermi catalogue contains about 2000 unassociated γ-ray sources. Some of them were recently identified as pulsars, including so-called redbacks and black widows, which are millisecond pulsars in tight binary systems with non- and partially-degenerate low-mass stellar companions irradiated by the pulsar wind. We study a likely optical and X-ray counterpart of the Fermi source 4FGL J2054.2+6904 proposed earlier as a pulsar candidate. We use archival optical data as well as Swift/XRT and SRG/eROSITA X-ray data to clarify its nature. Using Zwicky Transient Facility data in g and r bands spanning over 4.7 yr, we find a period of ≈7.5 h. The folded light curve has a smooth sinusoidal shape with the peak-to-peak amplitude of ≈0.4 mag. The spectral fit to the optical spectral energy distribution of the counterpart candidate gives the star radius of 0.5 ± 0.1 R⊙ and temperature of 5500 ± 300 K implying a G2–G9-type star. Its X-ray spectrum is well fitted by an absorbed power law with the photon index of 1.0 ± 0.3 and unabsorbed flux of ≈2 × 10−13 erg s−1 cm−2. All the properties of 4FGL J2054.2+6904 and its presumed counterpart suggest that it is a member of the redback family.
An improved cubic approximation for Kepler’s equation
Authors: Brown Martin T
Published: July 2023

A novel cubic Pade approximation of sin(e sin E) is used to solve Kepler’s equation and compute the eccentric anomaly with high accuracy without requiring iteration. It requires computation of sin, cos, atan, sqrt, and a cube root. A refinement of the higher order difference methods is described that is faster and gives improved numerical accuracy.
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury—treatment standard
Authors: Zarbock Alexander , Koyner Jay L , Gomez Hernando , Pickkers Peter , Forni Lui ,   the Acute Disease Quality Initiative group, Nadim Mitra K , Bell Samira , Joannidis Michael , Kashani Kianoush , Pannu Neesh , Meersch Melanie , Reis Thiago , Rimmelé Thomas , Bagshaw Sean M , Bellomo Rinaldo , Cantaluppi Vicenzo , Deep Akash , De Rosa Silvia , Fernandez-Perez Xose , Husain-Syed Faeq , Kane-Gill Sandra L , Kelly Yvelynne , Mehta Ravindra L , Murray Patrick T , Ostermann Marlies , Prowle John , Ricci Zaccaria , See Emily J , Schneider Antoine , Soranno Danielle E , Tolwani Ashita , Villa Gianluca , Ronco Claudio
Published: July 2023

Sepsis is a host's deleterious response to infection, which could lead to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is the most frequent organ dysfunction and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Sepsis contributes to ≈50% of all AKI in critically ill adult patients. A growing body of evidence has unveiled key aspects of the clinical risk factors, pathobiology, response to treatment and elements of renal recovery that have advanced our ability to detect, prevent and treat SA-AKI. Despite these advancements, SA-AKI remains a critical clinical condition and a major health burden, and further studies are needed to diminish the short and long-term consequences of SA-AKI. We review the current treatment standards and discuss novel developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, outcome prediction and management of SA-AKI.
Effect of the ketogenic diet as a treatment for refractory epilepsy in children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Díez-Arroyo Cristina , García-García Mónica , Soto-Méndez María José , Molina-Montes Esther , Gil-Campos Mercedes , Gil Ángel , Gutiérrez-Jimeno Miriam , Hernández-Ruiz Ángela
Published: July 2023

Context

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders in childhood. Antiepileptic drugs are the preferred treatment. However, 30% of children continue suffering seizures. A ketogenic diet (KD) is one of the emerging alternative treatments.

Objective

This review aims to analyze the current evidence regarding the use of a KD for the treatment of refractory epilepsy (RE) in childhood.

Data Sources

A systematic review of reviews was performed, based on MEDLINE (PubMed) as at January 2021.

Data Extraction

The data extracted included the first author’s last name; the year of publication; the country; the study design; the population; the diagnosis, concept, and description of KD types; and major outcome.

Results

Twenty-one reviews were included, 8 with systematic methodology (2 of them included a meta-analysis) and 13 with unsystematic methodology. The main difference between the 2 types of reviews is the reproducibility of their methodology. Therefore, the results of each type of review were analyzed separately. Each type of review described 4 categories of KD: classic KD, modified Atkins diet (MAD), use of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), and low glycemic index treatment (LGIT). In terms of effectiveness, the considered systematic reviews reported reductions in the frequency of seizures greater than 50% in about half of the patients. Reviews without systematic methodology reported that 30%–60% of the children showed a 50% or greater reduction in seizures. The most frequently described adverse effects in the 8 systematic reviews were: vomiting (6/8), constipation (6/8), and diarrhea (6/8); and in the unsystematic reviews: vomiting and nausea (10/13), constipation (10/13), and acidosis (9/13).

Conclusion

KD can be an effective treatment for RE, with a more than 50% reduction in the frequency of seizures and cognitive improvement being achieved in half of the pediatric patients. The effectiveness of the various types of KD is comparable, and the KD can be adapted to the needs of the patient.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021244142.
Psychological factors and pain medication use in adolescents with chronic pain
Authors: Roman-Juan Josep , Sánchez-Rodríguez Elisabet , Solé Ester , Castarlenas Elena , Jensen Mark P , Miró Jordi
Published: July 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the associations of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pain catastrophizing with pain medication use in adolescents with chronic pain and (2) the extent to which these associations differed as a function of adolescents’ sex.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from 320 adolescents 12–18 years of age with chronic pain were drawn from an epidemiological study on pediatric chronic pain conducted in Reus (Catalonia, Spain). Participants were asked to provide sociodemographic information and respond to measures assessing pain (location, frequency, intensity, and interference), pain medication use, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pain catastrophizing. Point biserial correlations were conducted to examine univariate associations between the psychological variables and pain medication use. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to examine these associations while controlling for demographic characteristics, pain intensity, and pain interference.

Results

Anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pain catastrophizing were significantly associated with pain medication use in univariate analyses. Regression analysis identified pain catastrophizing as a unique independent predictor of pain medication use after controlling for the effect of demographic variables (sex and age), pain intensity, and pain interference (odds ratio = 1.1, P < .05). No moderating effect of adolescents’ sex on the associations between psychological factors and pain medication use was found.

Conclusions

Adolescents with chronic pain with higher levels of pain catastrophizing use pain medications more often. Research to examine the impact of interventions targeting pain catastrophizing on pain medication use among adolescents with chronic pain would be an important next step.
Protégés of power: Patrimonialism in mobility narratives of the Danish power elite
Authors: Ellersgaard Christoph Houman , Larsen Anton Grau , Sivertsen Morten Fischer , Christensen Anne Nørgaard , Lunding Jacob Aagaard
Published: July 2023

Career narratives among the Danish power elite often include the facilitating presence of an elite superior. We explore the role patrons play in the mobility narratives of the Danish power elite. Drawing from a highly select group identified in the core of elite networks, we interviewed 37 individuals selected for maximal variation in career paths, networks and positions within the power elite. We referenced the concept of patrimonialism to understand the relations between patrons and protégés in building an elite career and develop a typology identifying three kinds of patrimonial relations described by elites, intra-organizational relations to mentors and patriarchs and inter-organizational relations to sponsors. We then empirically explore the three types of patrimonial relations. Finally, we argue that each of these patrimonial relations reinforce elite cohesion, even in the supposedly critical case of good governance in Denmark. Hence, patrimonial relations present a crucial perspective for understanding contemporary power structures.
Aging inverts the effects of p75NTR‐modulated mTOR manipulation on hippocampal neuron synaptic plasticity in male mice
Authors: Wang Zijun , Kennedy Brian K. , Wong Lik‐Wei , Sajikumar Sreedharan
Published: July 2023

Age‐induced impairments in learning and memory are in part caused by changes to hippocampal synaptic plasticity during aging. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are implicated in synaptic plasticity processes. mTOR is also well known for its involvement in aging. Recently, p75NTR and mTOR were shown to be mechanistically linked, and that p75NTR mediates age‐induced impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Yet the consequences of p75NTR‐mTOR interaction on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and the role of mTOR in age‐induced cognitive decline, are unclear. In this study, we utilize field electrophysiology to study the effects of mTOR inhibition and activation on long‐term potentiation (LTP) in male young and aged wild‐type (WT) mice. We then repeated the experiments on p75NTR knockout mice. The results demonstrate that mTOR inhibition blocks late‐LTP in young WT mice but rescues age‐related late‐LTP impairment in aged WT mice. mTOR activation suppresses late‐LTP in aged WT mice while lacking observable effects on young WT mice. These effects were not observed in p75NTR knockout mice. These results demonstrate that the role of mTOR in hippocampal synaptic plasticity is distinct between young and aged mice. Such effects could be explained by differing sensitivity of young and aged hippocampal neurons to changes in protein synthesis or autophagic activity levels. Additionally, elevated mTOR in the aged hippocampus could cause excessive mTOR signaling, which is worsened by activation and alleviated by inhibition. Further research on mTOR and p75NTR may prove useful for advancing understanding and, ultimately, mitigation of age‐induced cognitive decline.
miR‐125b‐5p impacts extracellular vesicle biogenesis, trafficking, and EV subpopulation release in the porcine trophoblast by regulating ESCRT‐dependent pathway
Authors: Guzewska Maria M. , Witek Krzysztof J. , Karnas Elżbieta , Rawski Michał , Zuba‐Surma Ewa , Kaczmarek Monika M.
Published: July 2023

Intercellular communication is a critical process that ensures cooperation between distinct cell types at the embryo–maternal interface. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be potent mediators of this communication by transferring biological information in their cargo (e.g., miRNAs) to the recipient cells. miRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs that affect the function and fate of neighboring and distant cells by regulating gene expression. Focusing on the maternal side of the dialog, we recently revealed the impact of embryonic signals, including miRNAs, on EV‐mediated cell‐to‐cell communication. In this study, we show the regulatory mechanism of the miR‐125b‐5p ESCRT‐mediated EV biogenesis pathway and the further secretion of EVs by trophoblasts at the time when the crucial steps of implantation are taking place. To test the ability of miR‐125b‐5p to influence the expression of genes involved in the generation and release of EV subpopulations in porcine conceptuses, we used an ex vivo approach. Next, in silico and in vitro analyses were performed to confirm miRNA–mRNA interactions. Finally, EV trafficking and release were assessed using several imaging and particle analysis tools. Our results indicated that conceptus development and implantation are accompanied by changes in the abundance of EV biogenesis and trafficking machinery. ESCRT‐dependent EV biogenesis and the further secretion of EVs were modulated by miR‐125b‐5p, specifically impacting the ESCRT‐II complex (via VPS36) and EV trafficking in primary porcine trophoblast cells. The identified miRNA–ESCRT interplay led to the generation and secretion of specific subpopulations of EVs. miRNA present at the embryo–maternal interface governs EV‐mediated communication between the mother and the developing conceptus, leading to the generation, trafficking, and release of characteristic subpopulations of EVs.
Opioid Overdose: Limitations in Naloxone Reversal of Respiratory Depression and Prevention of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: van Lemmen Maarten , Florian Jeffrey , Li Zhihua , van Velzen Monique , van Dorp Eveline , Niesters Marieke , Sarton Elise , Olofsen Erik , van der Schrier Rutger , Strauss David G. , Dahan Albert
Published: July 2023

Opioids are effective analgesics, but they can have harmful adverse effects, such as addiction and potentially fatal respiratory depression. Naloxone is currently the only available treatment for reversing the negative effects of opioids, including respiratory depression.

However, the effectiveness of naloxone, particularly after an opioid overdose, varies depending on the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of the opioid that was overdosed. Long-acting opioids, and those with a high affinity at the µ-opioid receptor and/or slow receptor dissociation kinetics, are particularly resistant to the effects of naloxone. In this review, the authors examine the pharmacology of naloxone and its safety and limitations in reversing opioid-induced respiratory depression under different circumstances, including its ability to prevent cardiac arrest.
Donor Foot Morbidity Following Nonvascularized Toe Phalanx Transfer Utilizing a New Reconstruction Technique
Authors: Kawabata Hidehiko , Okuno Kyoko , Tamura Daisuke , Higuchi Chikahisa , Goldfarb Charles A.
Published: July 2023

Backgrounds:

Nonvascularized toe phalanx transfer is an accepted surgical option for short and hypoplastic digits in congenital hand abnormalities. However, one of the criticisms of this technique is the donor site morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate donor foot morbidity after nonvascularized toe phalanx transfer using a new donor site reconstruction technique.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 116 nonvascularized toe phalanx transfers in 69 children between 2001 and 2020 in whom the donor foot was reconstructed with a new technique using iliac osteochondral bone graft with periosteum. Feet treated with an isolated donor proximal phalanx of the fourth toe were selected and morbidity was assessed both subjectively and objectively at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Motion, stability, and alignment of the metatarsophalangeal joint were clinically evaluated. The relative length of the fourth toe to the third toe was measured on a roentgenogram. The satisfaction of the parents for overall function and appearance was evaluated using a visual analog scale.

Results:

Ninety-four operated feet in 65 patients, including 43 boys and 22 girls, were included. The right foot was evaluated in 52 patients and the left foot in 42 patients. The mean age at operation was 2 years and the mean follow-up period was 7.6 years. Motion at the metatarsophalangeal joint was good at 69% with an average extension of 45 degrees and flexion of 25 degrees. Stability and alignment were good at 95% and 84%, respectively. Only 4 toes had gross instability and 4 toes with poor alignment required revision surgery. Sixty-two toes (66%) maintained proportional length and 9 toes were graded as short. Parental satisfaction was high for appearance as well as function.

Conclusions:

This newly described technique of using iliac osteochondral bone graft with periosteum to reconstruct toe phalanx donors provided satisfactory results. The function and appearance of the donor foot after a nonvascularized toe phalanx transfer was well preserved.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV; therapeutic.
A Comparative Analysis of Revision Surgery Before or After 2 Years After Graduation From Growth-friendly Surgery for Early Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Prior Anjali , Hardesty Christina K. , Emans John B. , Thompson George H. , Sponseller Paul D. , Smith John T. , Skaggs David L. , Vaughan Majella , Barfield William R. ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group, Murphy Robert F.
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

After discontinuation of growth-friendly (GF) surgery for early onset scoliosis, patients are termed graduates: they undergo a spinal fusion, are observed after final lengthening with GF implant maintenance, or are observed after GF implant removal. The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of and reasons for revision surgery in two cohorts of GF graduates: before or after 2 years of follow-up from graduation.

Methods:

A pediatric spine registry was queried for patients who underwent GF spine surgery with a minimum of 2 years of follow-ups after graduation by clinical and/or radiographic evidence. Scoliosis etiology, graduation strategy, number of, and reasons for revision surgery were queried.

Results:

There were 834 patients with a minimum of 2-year follow-up after graduation who were analyzed. There were 241 (29%) congenital, 271 (33%) neuromuscular, 168 (20%) syndromic, and 154 (18%) idiopathic. 803 (96%) had traditional growing rod/vertical expandable titanium rib as their GF construct and 31 (4%) had magnetically controlled growing rod. Five hundred ninety-six patients (71%) underwent spinal fusion at graduation, 208 (25%) had GF implants retained, and 30 (4%) had GF implants removed.

In the entire cohort, there were 108/834 (13%) patients who underwent revision surgery. Of the revisions, 71/108 (66%) occurred as acute revisions (ARs) between 0 and 2 years from graduation (mean 0.6 y), and the most common AR indication was infection (26/71, 37%). The remaining 37/108 (34%) patients underwent delayed revision (DR) surgery >2 years (mean 3.8 y) from graduation, and the most common DR indication was implant issues (17/37, 46%).

Graduation strategy affected revision rates. Of the 596 patients with spinal fusion as a graduation strategy, 98/596 (16%) underwent revision, compared with only 8/208 (4%) patients who had their GF implants retained, and 2/30 (7%) that had their GF implants removed (P ≤ 0.001).

A significantly higher percentage of the ARs had a spinal fusion as the graduation strategy (68/71, 96%) compared with 30/37 DRs, (81%, P = 0.015). In addition, the 71 patients who underwent AR undergo more revision surgeries (mean: 2, range: 1 to 7) than 37 patients who underwent DR (mean: 1, range: 1 to 2) (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

In this largest reported series of GF graduates to date, the overall risk of revision was 13%. Patients who undergo a revision at any time, as well as ARs in particular, are more likely to have a spinal fusion as their graduation strategy. Patients who underwent AR, on average, undergo more revision surgeries than patients who underwent DR.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative.
The burden and trend of liver metastases in Shanghai, China: a population-based study
Authors: Zheng Hui-Chao , Zhou Jing , Chen Yi-Chen , Yu Ying , Dai Wei , Han Yan , Li Xiao-Pan , Jiang Sun-Fang
Published: July 2023

Background:

Studies on the epidemiology of liver metastases (LM)-related mortality are rare. we aimed to describe the burden and trend of liver metastases in Pudong of Shanghai, which could be beneficial to cancer prevention.

Methods

We performed a retrospective population-based analysis of cancer mortality data with liver metastases in Shanghai Pudong from 2005 to 2021. Long-term trends in crude mortality rates (CMRs), age-standardized mortality rates worldwide, and rate of years of life lost (YLL) were analyzed by the Join-point regression model. In addition, we evaluate the impact of the demographic and nondemographic factors on the mortality of disease by the decomposition method.

Results

Cancer with liver metastases accounted for 26.68% of all metastases. The CMR and age-standardized mortality rates by Segi’s world population (ASMRW) of cancer with liver metastases were 15.12/105 person-years and 6.33/105 person-years, respectively. The YLL from cancer with liver metastases was 84 959.87 years, with the age group of 60–69 years having the highest YLL of 26 956.40 years. The top three cancer types in liver metastases are colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. The long-term trend of ASMRW significantly decreased by 2.31% per year (P<0.05). The ASMRW and YLL rates of those over 45 decreased year by year. Particularly striking was the 70–79 age group. Although the overall mortality of cancer with liver metastases decreased, there was still a significant upward trend toward an increased mortality rate caused by cancer with liver metastases in aging patients.

Conclusion

Liver metastases were a common site of metastases in patients with cancers originating from the digestive system. The disease burden caused by cancer with liver metastases provides valuable evidence for cancer management.
Modifications to the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery technique reduce 1-year mortality and postoperative complications in intrathoracic tumors
Authors: Makarov Valeriy , Yessentayeva Suriya , Kadyrbayeva Rabiga , Irsaliev Rustem , Novikov Igor
Published: July 2023

Objective

The purpose of the study is to analyze the immediate outcomes and results of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and lung resection performed in the surgical department of the AOC between 2014 and 2018.

Methods

For the period from 2014 to 2018, 118 patients with peripheral lung cancer were operated on in the surgical department of the AOC. The following operations were performed: lobectomy in 92 cases (78%), of which: upper lobectomy, 44 (47.8%); average lobectomy, 13 (14.1%); lower lobectomy, 32 (35%); bilobectomy, 3 (3.3%). All patients underwent extensive lymphadenectomy on the side of the operation. In 22 patients, for various reasons, preservation of thoracotomy was performed.

Results

The absence of N0 lymph node damage was observed in 82 patients (70%), the first-order lymph node damage N1 in 13 (11%), N2 in 13 (11%), N3 in 5 (4%), and NX in 5 (4%). Histological examination revealed: squamous cell carcinoma − 35.1%, adenocarcinoma − 28.5%, undifferentiated carcinoma − 8.3%, NSCLC − 5.6%, NEO − 4.6%, sarcoma − 1.8%. At the same time, in 12.7% of patients, mts was detected − lung damage, and in 3.4%, malignant cells were not detected. Most patients were activated on the first day after surgery.

Conclusion

An analysis of the direct results of the study allows us to conclude that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a highly effective, minimally invasive, safe method for treating peripheral lung cancer, which allows us to recommend it for wider use in oncological practice.
Mild renal impairment is associated with increased cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality following cancer diagnosis
Authors: Moshkovits Yonatan , Goldman Adam , Tiosano Shmuel , Kaplan Alon , Kalstein Maia , Bayshtok Gabriella , Segev Shlomo , Grossman Ehud , Segev Amit , Maor Elad
Published: July 2023

Background

The association between mildly decreased renal function and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in cancer patients remains unestablished.

Aims

We sought to explore this association in asymptomatic self-referred healthy adults.

Method

We followed 25, 274 adults, aged 40–79 years, who were screened in preventive healthcare settings. Participants were free of CV disease or cancer at baseline. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation and categorized into groups [≤59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89, 90–99, ≥100 (ml/min/1.73 m²)]. The outcome included a composite of death, acute coronary syndrome, or stroke, examined using a Cox model with cancer as a time-dependent variable.

Results

Mean age at baseline was 50 ± 8 years and 7973 (32%) were women. During a median follow-up of 6 years (interquartile range: 3–11), 1879 (7.4%) participants were diagnosed with cancer, of them 504 (27%) develop the composite outcome and 82 (4%) presented with CV events. Multivariable time-dependent analysis showed an increased risk of 1.6, 1.4, and 1.8 for the composite outcome among individuals with eGFR of 90–99 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–2.1 P = 0.01], 80–89 (95% CI: 1.1–1.9, P = 0.01) and 70–79 (95% CI: 1.4–2.3, P < 0.001), respectively. The association between eGFR and the composite outcome was modified by cancer with 2.7–2.9 greater risk among cancer patients with eGFR of 90–99 and 80–89 but not among individuals free from cancer (P
interaction < 0.001).

Conclusion

Patients with mild renal impairment are at high risk for CV events and all-cause mortality following cancer diagnosis. eGFR evaluation should be considered in the CV risk assessment of cancer patients.
Version updating of strategy for drug discovery based on effective constituents of traditional Chinese medicines
Authors: Ge Nan , Yan Guangli , Sun Hui , Yang Le , Kong Ling , Sun Ye , Han Ying , Zhao Qiqi , Kang Shuyu , Wang Xijun
Published: July 2023

The discovery of effective constituents of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important approach in new drug development. Several well-known drugs, such as artemisinin, berberine, and taxol have been developed using this approach. However, the efficacy and safety of TCM, two key issues for drug development based on TCM clinical experience, remain unclear worldwide. The discovery of relevant constituents is the most important step for determining efficacy and safety. However, TCM formulas used as clinical drugs address a specific TCM syndrome (Zheng), and the complexity of the formula and vagueness of the syndrome make the identification of the effective constituents related to clinical effectiveness challenging. Over decades, researchers have developed transdisciplinary technologies and research methodologies to identify effective constituents in vivo. In this paper, the history of strategy development for identifying the effective constituents related to the clinical efficacy of TCM is reviewed and summarized. The main approaches include the phytochemical method, which involves the classical systematic separation and screening (extraction, separation, purification, structure identification, and activity test); bioactivity-guided separation; serum pharmacochemistry of TCM in vivo; and Chinmedomics, which connects in vivo constituents with the biomarkers of the relevant TCM syndrome. Chinmedomics is a promising strategy to help elucidate the material requirements for the efficacy of TCM, advance the discovery of lead compounds and innovative drugs, and promote modernization in TCM. http://links.lww.com/AHM/A64
Comparing maximum diameter and volume when assessing the growth of small abdominal aortic aneurysms using longitudinal CTA data: cohort study
Authors: Ristl Robin , Klopf Johannes , Scheuba Andreas , Sotir Anna , Wolf Florian , Domenig Christoph M , Wanhainen Anders , Neumayer Christoph , Posch Martin , Brostjan Christine , Eilenberg Wolf
Published: July 2023

Background:

Monitoring of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is currently based on serial measurements of maximum aortic diameter. Additional assessment of aneurysm volume has previously been proposed to possibly improve growth prediction and treatment decisions. To evaluate the use of supplementing volume measurements, the authors aimed to characterise the growth distribution of AAA volume and to compare the growth rates of the maximum diameter and volume at the patient level.

Methods:

Maximum diameter and volume were monitored every 6 months in 84 patients with small AAAs, with a total of 331 computed tomographic angiographies (with initial maximum diameters of 30–68 mm). A previously developed statistical growth model for AAAs was applied to assess the growth distribution of volume and to compare individual growth rates for volume and for maximum diameter.

Results:

The median (25–75% quantile) expansion in volume was 13.4 (6.5–24.7) % per year. Cube root transformed volume and maximum diameter showed a closely linear association with a within-subject correlation of 0.77. At the surgery threshold maximum diameter of 55 mm, the median (25–75% quantile) volume was 132 (103–167) ml. In 39% of subjects, growth rates for volume and maximum diameter were equivalent, in 33% growth was faster in volume and in 27% growth was faster in maximum diameter.

Conclusion:

At the population level, volume and maximum diameter show a substantial association such that the average volume is approximately proportional to the average maximum diameter raised to a power of three. At the individual level, however, in the majority of patient’s AAAs grow at different pace in different dimensions. Hence, closer monitoring of aneurysms with sub-critical diameter but suspicious morphology may benefit from complementing maximum diameter by volume or related measurements.
The Contribution of Cancer-Specific Psychosocial Factors to the Pain Experience in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Jones Katie Fitzgerald , Wood Magee Lisa , Fu Mei R. , Bernacki Rachelle , Bulls Hailey , Merlin Jessica , McTernan Melissa
Published: July 2023

Palliative care teams are increasingly called up to manage chronic pain in cancer survivors. Chronic pain is common in cancer survivors and is heavily influenced by biopsychosocial factors. This study aimed to determine the relative contribution of unique cancer-specific psychosocial factors, pain catastrophizing, and multisite pain to the pain experience in 41 cancer survivors who completed curative cancer treatment. To test the research hypotheses, a series of nested linear regression models were used with likelihood ratio testing to test the individual and collective contribution of cancer-specific psychosocial factors (fear of cancer recurrence, cancer distress, cancer-related trauma), pain catastrophizing, and the number of pain sites on the pain experience. The results indicate pain catastrophizing and multisite pain explained a significant degree of variance in pain interference scores (P < .001) and pain severity (P = .005). Cancer-specific psychosocial factors did not significantly predict variability in pain interference (P = .313) or pain severity (P = .668) over and above pain catastrophizing and the number of sites of pain. In summary, pain catastrophizing and multisite pain contribute to the chronic cancer-related pain experienced by cancer survivors. Palliative care nurses are well positioned to improve chronic pain among cancer survivors by assessing and treating pain catastrophizing and multisite pain.
Profiles of bacterial communities and environmental factors associated with proliferation of malaria vector mosquitoes within the Kenyan Coast
Authors: Mutinda Josphat , Mwamburi Samuel Mwakisha , Oduor Kennedy Omondi , Omolo Maurice O. , Ntabo Regina Mongina , Gathiru James Muhunyu , Mwangangi Joseph , Nonoh James O.M
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Since Anopheles mosquitoes which transmit and maintain the malaria parasite breed in the outdoor environment, there is an urgent need to manage these mosquito breeding sites. In order to elaborate more on the ecological landscape of mosquito breeding sites, the bacterial community structure and their interactions with physicochemical factors in mosquito larval habitats was characterised in Kwale County (Kenya), where malaria is endemic.
Materials and methods
The physical characteristics and water physicochemical parameters of the habitats were determined and recorded. Water samples were also collected from the identified sites for total metagenomic DNA extraction in order to characterise the bacterial communities within the breeding sites.
Results and Discussion
Sites where mosquito larvae were found were described as positive and those without mosquito larvae as negative. Electrical conductivity (p = 0.0161), total dissolved solids (p = 0.0120), salinity (p = 0.01104) and ammonia (p = 0.0003) were lower in the rainy season than in the dry season, which also coincided with a high proportion of positive sites (P ˂ 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.637, 0.843).  Pseudomonadota (56 %) was the most common phyla recovered in all samples followed by Bacteroidota (26%) and then Actinomycetota (15%). The presence or absence of mosquito larvae in a potential proliferation site was not related to the bacterial community structure in the sampled sites (R2 = 0.18157, df = 1, P = 0.353), but was positively correlated with bacterial richness and evenness (F = 2.928, df = 8, P = 0.032).
Conclusion
Generally, the presence of Anopheles mosquito larvae was found to be positively correlated with rainy season, bacterial richness and evenness, and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity and ammonia. The findings of this study have implications for predicting the potential of environmental water samples to become mosquito proliferation sites.
Absence of Coronavirus in terns in the Western Indian Ocean?
Authors: Lebarbenchon Camille , Feare Chris , Larose Christine , Boucher Solenn , Jaeger Audrey , Corre Matthieu Le
Published: July 2023

We investigated coronavirus circulation in three tern species, in four islands of the Western Indian Ocean (Bird, Reunion, Europa, Juan de Nova). None of the 1513 samples tested positive by RT-PCR. We discuss the implication in term of host species range, ecological drivers of virus transmission, and diagnostic tools.
Effect of Water Fluoridation on VM-M3 Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Mastellone Gerald M. , Ta Nathan L. , Mukherjee Purna , Lee Derek C. , Maurer Jack H. , Seyfried Thomas N.
Published: July 2023

Water fluoridation has been used for combatting dental caries in the general population. Although fluoride has been evaluated as a possible carcinogen, no studies have evaluated the influence of water fluoridation on tumor metastasis.Ex vivobioluminescent imaging and tumor volume measurements were used to assess the influence of water fluoridation on the metastatic spread of VM-M3/Fluc tumor cells grown in their syngeneic inbred VM/Dk mice that received either sodium fluoride (NaF) or hydrofluorosilicic acid (HFSA) in the drinking water (at either 5.0 mg/L or 20.0 mg/L) for 35 days. During the course of the study, there was no difference in water intake or body weight between the control mice and mice that drank either NaF or HFSA. No significant differences were found for VM-M3/Fluc organ metastasis in the mice that drank water with either 5.0 mg/L or 20.0 mg/L NaF or HFSA versus control mice that drank water without fluoride. Both overall survival and flank tumor volumes were similar in control mice and in mice that drank water containing HFSA. In conclusion, the results showed that fluoride present in the drinking water had no statistically significant effect on the metastatic spread of VM-M3/Fluc tumor cells nor on mouse survival.