bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Directly Grown Universally Doped Ultrathin Nanocrystalline Carbon Overlayer Sustains Pragmatic Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Yang Xianzhong , Lv Jiaze , Cheng Cai , Shi Zixiong , Peng Jun , Chen Ziyan , Lian Xueyu , Li Weiping , Zou Yuhan , Zhao Yu , Rümmeli Mark H. , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu
Published: May 2022

Rechargeable Zn-ion battery has emerged as a promising alternative to Li-ion battery owing to the high safety and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, dendritic formation and side reaction occurred at the anode side greatly handicap its practical advance. Here, we put forward an effective maneuver to sustain practical Zn anode by optimizing the anode/electrolyte interface, which deals with the direct growth of an ultrathin nitrogen and oxygen co-doped carbon (NOC) overlayer over Zn foil via a scalable plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Thus-designed NOC overlayer can guide the stable Zn deposition along Zn (002) because of the favorable adsorption by dopant atoms and cultivation effect of nanocrystalline carbons, thereby inducing a planar Zn texture. Moreover, the abundant heteroatoms help reduce the solvation energy and accelerate the reaction kinetics. As a result, dendrite growth and side reaction are concurrently mitigated. Symmetric cell harvests durable electrochemical cycling (1125 h at 10.0 mA cm− 2/1.0 mAh cm− 2; 136 h at 30.0 mA cm− 2/30.0 mAh cm− 2). Assembled full battery further realizes elongated lifespans under stringent conditions. This strategy marks a new avenue for the in-situ construction of ultrathin protective coating to optimize the Zn deposition electrochemistry toward pragmatic Zn anode.
Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of live toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and toxoplasma antigen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line
Authors: Eissa Maha M. , Gaafar Maha R. , Younis Layla K. , Ismail Cherine A. , El Skhawy Nahla
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic potency of live Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites as well as Toxoplasma antigen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cancer cell lines are considered an essential preliminary step towards in-vitro investigation of the potential antineoplastic impact of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites are noticeably under investigation, considering their potential antineoplastic activity. Some have attained a steady position in the clinical field as hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus and BCG immunization. Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite with promising antineoplastic activity. In this study, live Toxoplasma tachyzoites provoked a direct cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 in a dose dependent manner, while Toxoplasma antigen didn’t induce such impact.

Skipping the direct cytotoxic effect of Toxoplasma antigen doesn’t totally divert the possible antineoplastic activity of Toxoplasma antigen. Potential alternative immune mediated mechanisms could be an alternative. Further in-vivo studies in different cancer models are mandatory to investigate the underlying mechanisms of antineoplastic activity of Toxoplasma gondii
Volumes and spin states of FeHx: Implication for the density and temperature of the Earth’s core
Authors: Yang Hua , Muir Joshua M.R. , Zhang Feiwu
Published: May 2022

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the solar system and has been considered one of the main light elements in the Earth’s core. The hydrogen content in the Earth’s core is determined normally by matching the volume expansion caused by the incorporation of hydrogen into FeHx to the Earth’s core density deficit. The magnitude of this volume expansion at the pressure (P) and temperature (T) conditions of the Earth’s core is still unknown, and the effect of spin transition in FeHx at high pressure is usually ignored. In this study, we simulate the Fe spin transition, equation of state, and hydrogen-induced volume expansion in Fe-H binaries at high P-T conditions using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results indicate that hydrogen could stabilize the magnetic properties of fcc Fe from ~10 to ~40 GPa. A volume expansion induced by hydrogen is linear with pressure except at the Fe spin transition pressure, where it collapses significantly (~30%). The fcc FeH lattice is predicted to expand at an average rate of ~1.38 and 1.07 Å3 per hydrogen atom under the Earth’s outer and inner core P-T conditions, where the hydrogen content is estimated to be ~0.54–1.10 wt% and ~0.10–0.22 wt%, respectively. These results suggest that the Earth’s core may be a potentially large reservoir of water, with up to ~98 times as much as oceans of water being brought to the Earth’s interior during its formation. Based on our predicted hydrogen content in the Earth’s core, we propose that the presence of hydrogen would induce a relatively lower core temperature, ~300–500 K colder than it has been previously speculated.
Role of stochastic noise and generalization error in the time propagation of neural-network quantum states
Authors: Hofmann Damian , Fabiani Giammarco , Mentink Johan , Carleo Giuseppe , Sentef Michael
Published: May 2022

Neural-network quantum states (NQS) have been shown to be a suitable variational ansatz to simulate out-of-equilibrium dynamics in two-dimensional systems using time-dependent variational Monte Carlo (t-VMC).
In particular, stable and accurate time propagation over long time scales has been observed in the square-lattice Heisenberg model using the Restricted Boltzmann machine architecture.
However, achieving similar performance in other systems has proven to be more challenging.
In this article, we focus on the two-leg Heisenberg ladder driven out of equilibrium by a pulsed excitation as a benchmark system.
We demonstrate that unmitigated noise is strongly amplified by the nonlinear equations of motion for the network parameters, which causes numerical instabilities in the time evolution.
As a consequence, the achievable accuracy of the simulated dynamics is a result of the interplay between network expressiveness and measures required to remedy these instabilities.
We show that stability can be greatly improved by appropriate choice of regularization.
This is particularly useful as tuning of the regularization typically imposes no additional computational cost.
Inspired by machine learning practice, we propose a validation-set based diagnostic tool to help determining optimal regularization hyperparameters for t-VMC based propagation schemes.
For our benchmark, we show that stable and accurate time propagation can be achieved in regimes of sufficiently regularized variational dynamics.
Impactos da Covid-19: Percepção dos Profissionais de Contabilidade e Gestores de Micro e Pequenas Empresas do Município de João Pessoa – PB
Authors: Campos Aglaeudis Ferreira Rodrigues , Da Silva Annamélia Aryadnyes Vieira Ribeiro , Do Nascimento Neto Antonio Martins , Da Silva Neta Maria do Carmo , Dos Santos Mateus Alexandre Costa
Published: May 2022

Os efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 não se limitaram às questões de saúde pública, incidiram também sobre as relações sociais e econômicas em escala global. A retração da atividade econômica experimentada no ambiente doméstico, em função das medidas de isolamento social, gerou impactos danosos para a economia como um todo e no segmento das micro e pequenas empresas (MPE), é possível que eles tenham se revelado de forma bastante particular, devido aos problemas preexistentes na gestão dessas entidades. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a percepção de profissionais de contabilidade e de proprietários/gestores de MPE, do município de João Pessoa-PB, quanto ao papel da informação contábil na gestão dessas entidades no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. A pesquisa foi operacionalizada por meio de um questionário estruturado on-line, onde foram obtidas as percepções desses atores. Com base nas respostas recebidas, foi possível verificar que, em relação ao nível de compreensão das informações contábeis, 42% dos proprietários/gestores das microempresas e 64% dos proprietários/gestores das empresas de pequeno porte possuiriam um nível de compreensão da informação contábil que pode ser considerado elevado. Já considerando um cenário pós-pandemia, tem-se que 58% e 64% desses gestores, respectivamente, responderam que procurariam consultores ou pessoas com experiência em área comum a contabilidade.  Diante dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se uma aparente incompatibilidade entre as percepções, o que levanta questões sobre se os proprietários/gestores, de fato, compreenderiam as informações contábeis que lhes são fornecidas ou se, por outro lado, os profissionais de contabilidade estariam, de fato, fornecendo informações úteis.
Empreendedorismo e desempenho competitivo de micro e pequenos negócios no Maranhão
Authors: Moura João Gonsalo de , Soares Junior Eden Do Carmo , Silva Antonio Cloves , Morais Káty Maria Nogueira
Published: May 2022

O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a performance em ações gerenciais de empreendedores atuantes nos segmentos de alimentos e bebidas no estado do Maranhão, com vistas ao alcance de um desempenho competitivo satisfatório. Sob a perspectiva metodológica, a pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, confeccionada de forma descritiva e explicativa; também é de campo, realizada com 90 empreendedores de micro e pequeno porte; os entrevistados se autoavaliaram em relação às suas performances na administração de tópicos cruciais como: custos, produtividade, competitividade e investimento/ampliação. Os resultados indicam baixa convicção das iniciativas adotadas pelos empreendedores e uma propensão a atribuir maior importância a algumas questões, relegando outras a segundo plano. Em linhas gerais, a autoavaliação feita pelos entrevistados revela a ausência de algumas características essenciais ao indivíduo empreendedor. A pesquisa contribui para os estudos sobre a performance de empreendedores associada ao desempenho competitivo satisfatório como fim. Evidencia-se as interrelações existentes no campo de estudos do empreendedorismo maranhense. Quanto à relevância, esta investigação colabora para o aprofundamento da aplicação efetiva de ações gerenciais por empreendedores maranhenses para a conquista do desempenho competitivo. O artigo traz ainda evidências estratégicas de performance empreendedora, podendo ser útil a análise comparativa com outras realidades.
ADDITION OF NATURAL EXTRACTS WITH ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES IN BIODIESEL: ANALYSIS BY NEURAL NETWORKS OF THE MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON TYPE
Authors: Clemente Marco , Silva Heloisa , Campos Júlia , Mantovani Ana , Borsato Dionisio
Published: May 2022

Biodiesel is capable of replacing diesel because it has similar physicochemical properties, but this biofuel is susceptible to oxidation, which makes the application of antioxidant substances necessary. For this study, alcoholic extracts of senna leaves, hibiscus flowers, and blackberry were used. Biodiesel samples were submitted to physicochemical analysis to evaluate interference in the volume of these alcoholic extracts with antioxidant properties. The data obtained were processed using the neural network of the multilayer perceptron type (MLP). For the network’s training, 200 epochs were used. The samples were randomly divided into three groups, with 70% used for training, 15% for testing, and 15% for validation. The type of extract was considered as a categorical variable, the extract volume as a target variable, and the other ones as input variables. Among the 200 networks trained, with 5 to 20 hidden layers, the 5 with the best performance were highlighted. The Tukey test applied to the means showed no significant difference at the 5% level, between the value of the added volume and the means value predicted by the networks. The sensitive analysis showed that the most important input variable for the construction of the model was the type of extract.
NORBORNADIENO: SÍNTESE E APLICAÇÕES
Authors: Gomes Anni , Demuner Antonio , Pinto Bryan , Alvarenga Elson
Published: May 2022

NORBORNADIENE: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS. Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene or norbornadiene (NBD) is a bicyclic hydrocarbon molecule used in many fields of chemistry since its first synthesis in 1950. NBD is the precursor of Aldrin, an agrochemical that was commonly used as an insecticide until the end of the XX century. Norbornadiene is capable of interconverting into its isomer, quadricyclane (QC), by the incidence of ultraviolet light. After that, the QC can release heat to return to the initial stage of NBD. To increase the energy efficiency and to enable the reaction to occur at the solar light, chemists have synthesized a wide variety of NBD derivatives. Papers in more than seventy years have studied and reported the physical and chemical properties of those compounds and their applications as rocket fuel, solar energy cell, homogeneous catalysis, and agrochemicals published between 1950 and 2021. Even computational chemistry has been used to investigate the NBD derivatives synthetic routes, elucidation, and application. In addition, this review describes other applications of norbornadiene.
Toponymy and local languages
Authors: Ormeling Ferjan
Published: May 2022

Many countries in the world have toponyms in local, regional or minority languages that form parallel namescapes. Despite its recognition of these toponyms and its resolutions to safeguard them, UNGEGN has not provided much guidance on how to deal with them, beyond stating that they must be collected. As the reasons for naming topographical objects form part of our cultural heritage, these should be added to the attribute information collected. But what should happen after their collection is not clear. The impact of national toponymic  standardization on toponyms from local languages is discussed, and linked to the fact that we are already used to sets of parallel namescapes from which we choose the appropriate one, depending on circumstances. This paper tries to work out a number of scenarios for dealing with local language toponyms, from which national names authorities should choose one that fits the national requirements.
Toponímia, povoamento e organização do território
Authors: Jacinto Rui , Suertegaray Dirce Maria Antunes , Borges Neto Inocencio de Oliveira
Published: May 2022

Este texto resulta de pesquisas sobre toponímia e território, desenvolvidas em uma parceria entre instituições do Brasil e de Portugal, as quais encerram um comparativo entre topônimos dos estados brasileiros do Rio Grande do Sul e da Paraíba. Como metodologias, estabeleceu-se uma classificação tipológica das toponímias destas regiões e procedeu-se à espacialização e ao enquadramento geográfico das designações encontradas, por meio da abordagem de dois fundamentos: toponímia e leitura do território, objetivando demonstrar como a toponímia relaciona as geografias dos dois estados, tomando, como pano de fundo, aspectos de povoamento, de colonização e de organização dos territórios. Os resultados estão expressos em mapas comparativos, cuja investigação revela similaridades e diferenças entre estes dois espaços.
RESILIENCES TYPES OF KAJEN PESANTREN STRUGGLING COVID 19 PANDEMICS
Authors: Zahra Fathimatuz
Published: May 2022

Covid 19 is a virus that is evenly distributed among all groups, including Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Many of these Islamic boarding schools have been affected by Covid 19, one of which is the Pesantren in Kajen Pati, Central Java. In July 2020, the first positive covid patients from Islamic boarding schools began to appear in the Kajen Pati area. The emergence of covid patients from these pesantren raises pros and cons regarding whether Covid 19 is real or fictitious. As well as various disaster mitigation problems stemming from the resilience of the pesantren in dealing with Covid 19.This research uses methods of interview and internal social media groups discussion. This research, consists of interviewing head of Satgas Covid Santri, Forum Komunikasi Pengasuh Pesantren Kajen (FKPPK),  Nyai, Santri and also neighbourhood of Pesantren. How they’re was interpreting of covid 19, how they solving problems and then how they make resiliences between them. Because of Pesantren in Kajen is more about fifty pesantren and also their location was risky for spreading covid 19.This research finding was formulated that’s was the pesantren community's unpreparedness that this covid could affect them. Based on this research, the pesantren resiliences community is divided into believing and being aware that Covid exists, believing but resigning that those affected by Covid are according to God's will, considering that Covid is fictitious and only a conspiracy against Muslims.
PERSAMAAN HAK ANTARA LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMBAGIAN HARTA WARIS: STUDI PEMIKIRAN MUNAWIR SJADZALI
Authors: Masruri Masruri , Munifah Munifah
Published: May 2022

Dunia pemikiran Islam saat ini telah diwarnai dengan munculnya pemikir yang menawarkan berbagai pembaharuan dalam memahami hukum Islam. Munawir Sjadzali adalah satu diantara pemikir Islam yang berusaha merespon berbagai isu dalam masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analisis, artikel ini bertujuan menggambarkan konstekstualisasi hukum Islam terkait pembagian hak waris laki-laki dan perempuan dalam kacamata Munawir Sjadzali. Munawir Sjadzali melihat bahwa pembagian waris seperti yang ditentukan oleh al-Quran bukan berarti tidak adil, tetapi justru sikap masyarakat yang tidak percaya lagi kepada keadilan hukum farāiḍ. Hasil dari penelitian ini, Munawir menawarkan pembaharuan pembagian waris 1:1 dengan mempertimbangkan bahwa pada zaman sekarang, khususnya di Indonesia peranan perempuan sudah menempati posisi yang setara dengan laki-laki.
Reliability of quantitative risk models: a case study from offshore gas production platform
Authors: Attia Mohamed , Sinha Jyoti
Published: May 2022

In response to the competing factors governing the operation of oil and gas facilities, i.e., the stringent safety and environmental regulations, and the challenging business environment that entails minimizing the running cost, a risk-based inspection (RBI) program became a vital part of all Asset Integrity Management (AIM) frameworks. The objective is to ensure asset mechanical integrity while optimizing the maintenance and inspection resources and minimizing production downtime. There are different risk models being used to manage operational risk for equipment. The decision-maker should be attentive to the subjectivity and reliability of the risk results to establish an adequate risk target that can achieve the ultimate goal of RBI by determining the cost-effective inspection and maintenance plan without compromising plant safety, integrity or reliability. This paper presents evaluations of the most quantitative RBI models through a case study from an offshore gas producing platform. A case study was implemented for topside equipment on an offshore platform. The study analyzed the impact of contributing factors to the probability of failure (PoF) model through a sensitivity analysis to quantify the reliability and subjectivity in the failure probabilities. A sensitivity analysis and comparison between both API consequence modelling methodologies (i.e., CoF level 1 and 2) were performed to manifest the reliability of risk results. The sensitivity analysis revealed the variance in the calculated risk and demonstrated that a risk target/threshold should be established based on the deployed risk model. Using the same risk target for different risk models cannot effectively define all equipment items that actually need more resources to mitigate the risk. And can result in omitting critical equipment which can jeopardize asset integrity and lead to major losses, or spend resources on unnecessary equipment.
Aqualuz: a new solar disinfection device for treatment of cistern water
Authors: Magalhães Jefferson Hannover Faustino , Bezerra Letícia Nunes , Santos Anna Luísa Beserra , Silveira Cleiton da Silva , Nunes Ana Barbara de Araújo , Neto Iran Eduardo Lima
Published: May 2022

We conducted field, laboratory and modeling studies to evaluate the efficiency of a new solar disinfection (SODIS) device called Aqualuz for the removal of Escherichia coli (EC) from cistern water in the Brazilian semiarid, for different solar exposure–water temperature conditions. The results indicated EC contamination (100–300 MPN/100 mL) in all tests performed. As compared to the literature, lower exposure times (2.5–4.0 h) and solar radiations (250–410 W/m²) were sufficient for EC elimination. Then, assuming the complete-mix approach and first-order kinetics, it was possible to adjust EC decay rate constants (k) considering three different models: constant k-value, k as a function of water temperature and a new formulation for k as a function of both solar radiation and water temperature. All models performed well with normalized root mean squared logarithmic error (NRMSLE) lower than 20%, but the best fitting was obtained with the new approach. A new relationship between solar radiation and water temperature was also obtained, which allowed model simulations of EC decay for 34 municipalities in the Brazilian northeast, resulting in a color map for the region depicting the exposure periods of 1.8–5.6 h for reaching a 3-log reduction.
Evidenced transformations: using data to demonstrate improvement in school-based access to water, sanitation and hygiene in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Bikram Kumar , Mishra Ram Manohar
Published: May 2022

The availability and access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools have been associated with enhanced learning and nutritional outcomes among children in India and elsewhere. However, there is limited documentation of successful scaled-up models to improve WASH facilities in schools. This paper describes an innovative ‘transformation campaign’ to strengthen WASH facilities in government-run elementary schools in Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in India. The campaign was launched in 2018 followed by an online monitoring portal using data-informed feedback and role modeling in 2020. A comprehensive baseline assessment was conducted in 114,790 government elementary schools in Uttar Pradesh, during which school focal persons ranked their schools' access to WASH services against the set benchmarks. Concurrently, high-ranking schools were established as ‘learning labs’ for neighboring schools and were provided with on-site capacity building opportunities. More than 150,000 teachers were systematically engaged through regular virtual training and automated calls that tracked progress, all parts of a centralized online portal. This champion-led transformation of school (CLTS) approach was adopted by the government to recognize best practices supported by students and teachers. Initiatives of teachers and village-elected representatives (Gram Pradhan), who were identified as ‘champions’, were recognized and disseminated to build an enabling environment that will sustain access and practices. As of July 2021, 65.8% of the assessed schools across 75 districts have improved their basic infrastructure through repairing/retrofitting defunct facilities and construction of new ones as per the gaps identified. They become ‘WASH compliant’ and leveraged around INR 45.71 billion of public financing from multiple sources in the last 3–4 years. Now, the state is rolling out a similar transformation campaign for 188,997 pre-school centers that will cover 5.6 million children between the ages of 3 and 6 years. The implementation process, challenges and learnings of this campaign can be used to formulate strategies and design scaled-up interventions to improve WASH facilities in schools.
Analysis on the pattern and driving factors of industrial wastewater discharge in the Wuhan Metropolitan area
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liu Xiaoqiong , Ma Bowen , Ding Zewei , Chen Kunlun
Published: May 2022

As China's ecological civilization gains momentum and the ecological development of the ‘Yangtze River Economic Belt’ strategy pushes forward, the research on water environment protection and management in Wuhan Metropolitan Area (the central urban agglomeration) is of great significance. According to the data of the industrial wastewater discharge in the nine cities of the Wuhan Metropolitan Area from 2005 to 2015, the study will construct a decomposition model to analyze the pattern of the discharge with reference to the Kaya identity and the LMDI decomposition model. By doing so, the pattern and driving factors of industrial wastewater discharge can be cleared. The following conclusions on the industrial wastewater discharge of the Wuhan Metropolitan Area can be achieved. Firstly, industrial wastewater discharge in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area shows a decreasing trend year by year (684 million tons to 433 million tons) from 2005 to 2010, but rises sharply (504 million tons to 652 million tons) from 2010 to 2011, reaching a peak in 2011. After that, it witnesses a quick and stable drop. Secondly, the absolute differences in industrial wastewater discharge among cities are continuously narrowed, in which Wuhan (the highest value is 260 million tons, the lowest value is 155 million tons) and Ezhou (the highest value is 181 million tons, the lowest value is 0.25 million tons) show the most striking abnormal statistics. Thirdly, the discharge follows the trend of expansion from Wuhan as a center to its neighboring cities from 2005 to 2015. For spatial pattern, it presents a picture of decreasing from the center to the surrounding. Lastly, for all driving factors affecting the discharge, the contribution of economic growth is always positive, which can increase the discharge greatly (the average annual contribution reaches 0.64 billion m3). The population size has little effect. The industrial structure has an uncertain influence on it since it is decided by government policies. The influence of technological improvement is negative, which can control the discharge a lot. In the last part of this essay, the research will explore the ways to promote the saving and discharge reduction of industrial wastewater for future potential metropolitan areas, thus providing a reference for macro water environment protection and governance in the Yangtze River Basin and other regional urban areas.
The spectrum of uncertainty in flood damage assessment
Authors: Shoaib Syed Abu , Mahmood Taufique H , Sultana Nahid
Published: May 2022

The future of the world is becoming more uncertain owing to climate change. The unfolding impacts of climate change are affecting human societies and natural ecosystems. Projections of climate change impacts are associated with a cascade of uncertainties including greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, climate models, and associated processes. Climate models are essential for predicting flow and flood peaks, necessitating proper means of quantification and re-use to help refine the predictions made. This study presents an innovative new framework to quantify flood damage assessment as the climate changes. To integrate uncertainty in modelling catchment behaviour, the Quantile Flow Deviation (QFD) metric was used to attribute different sources of uncertainty, including those from variations in climate from point measurements and from extrapolation to flood peaks from the limited observed flows that are available. The square root of error variance (SREV) calculated from global climate model (GCM) precipitation outputs was used to quantify climate change uncertainty, thereby enabling the estimation of the uncertainty in modelled streamflow to allow the extent of change in flood damage to be assessed. Using data from the Leaf River catchment in the USA, this study presents the increase in flood damage uncertainty resulting from explicit consideration of uncertainty as well as the change in the climate as a function of global temperature rise.
Comparison Between Human Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Commercial Acrylic Teeth: A Sex-Stratified Analysis
Authors: AlRumaih Hamad S. , Albasry Zainab , Alsulaiman Ahmed A. , Alqarawi Firas K. , Alshahrani Faris A. , Parciak Ewa
Published: May 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was 1.To compare the total width of human anterior teeth from different races (White, black, and Asian) to the total width of commercially available anterior teeth molds and, 2. To compare the width and length of human central incisors (#9) from different races (White, black, and Asian) with those of commercially available central incisors (#9).

Materials and Methods:

The study consisted of 360 participants, with 60 females and 60 males in each of 3 racial groups: White, Black, and Asian. Metric measurements of natural teeth were obtained from dental casts, and those of acrylic teeth were obtained from company catalogs.

Statistical Analysis:

Data normality was determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post hoc tests were used to compare measurements across the racial groups and commercial acrylic teeth. P value of ≤ 0.05 was set as statistically significant.

Results:

The results showed significant intra- and intergroup differences between males and females and across the 3 racial groups, especially among the Black group. Significant differences were also detected between artificial and natural teeth dimensions.

Conclusion:

Although similarities exist, generally, the dimensions of commercially available artificial teeth are different than that of natural teeth in the studied populations. Overall, in both males and females, the median length of natural tooth #9 is always smaller when compared to commercially available teeth. In contrast, in both males and females, the median width of natural tooth #9 is always larger when compared to commercially available teeth, except for female Asian population. Overall, significant racial differences exist in the length, width, and total width of natural teeth compared to commercially available teeth in the Black population. However, both the white and asian population showed less significant differences when comparing the length, width, and total width of natural teeth to commercially available teeth.
Validity and Reliability of Patient Perception of Patient Centeredness Scale in Turkish
Authors: GÜNVAR Tolga , BAŞAK Okay , LİMNİLİ Gizem , YURDABAKAN İrfan , GÜLDAL Dilek
Published: May 2022

Background: Patient-centeredness is one of the components of high-quality care and accepted as one of the core competencies of family medicine. The positive effect of patient-centered care on health outcomes reveals itself mainly through the patient's perception of patient-centeredness, which can be measured by the Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC) scale. Aims: To evaluate Turkish validity and reliability of the 18-item 'patient perception of patient-centeredness' scale (PPPC-R) developed by Stewart et al. Study Design: Methodological study. Methods: The translation of the scale was performed by three researchers with the help of 10 family medicine academicians as well as the main developers of the original scale. The Turkish form of the scale, along with the Patient-Physician Relationship summary dimension of the Primary Care Assessment Scale (PCAS) and the Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ), was applied to 339 primary care patients. Results: The original 3-factor model of the revised Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC-R) questionnaire was tested with a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to determine if the factor structure of the PPPC-R cross-validates in a Turkish patient population. The fit indices regarding the three-dimensional structure of PPPC-R are within the good or acceptable limits. The standardized factor loadings of the PPPC-R scale items ranged from 0.52 to 0.81 and t values were significant. Cronbach alpha of the scale was 0.903. With respect to criterion, the validity scale showed a negative correlation with both PCAS and PDRQ as expected. Conclusion: The three-dimensional structure of the scale was confirmed with CFA. During this verification, one item did not work and the factor load was considered to be low and removed from the scale. Turkish version of PPPC-R is a scale that can be used to evaluate patients' perception of patient-centeredness.
Structure and Spectroscopic Studies of Aloe-emodin and Chrysophanol using Density Functional Theory and Experimental Methods-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Barik Bijay Kumar , Mallya H. Madhukar , Sinha Rajeev K. , Chidangi Santhosh
Published: May 2022

The experimental and theoretical spectra studies of Aloe-emodin and Chrysophanol are reported in this work. Experimentally the Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and UV-Visible spectra were recorded for Aloe-emodin and Chrysophanol. With the help of density functional theory and B3LYP, the functional triple zeta basis set def-TZVP was used to optimize structures and calculate the vibrational frequencies. It was found out that the conformations of Aloe-emodin and Chrysophanol with the double intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the OH and C=O groups were the most stable conformations among the different conformations obtained. The intramolecular hydrogen bonds increase the bond lengths of the respective O-H and C=O bonds which are involved to form the intra molecular hydrogen bonds. The calculated infrared frequencies of the most stable geometry of Aloe-emodin and Chrysophanol correlate well with their respective Fourier transform infrared spectra. The vibrational frequency analysis for both the molecules was done in detail for all the vibrational modes assigning the individual ring vibrations besides the different types of individual vibrations of specific bonds. The Fourier transform infrared and the Raman spectral bands attained from the experiments correlate well with the theoretical data. Keywords:
Деформационный отклик биологических фантомов и хрящевой ткани при лазерном воздействии
Authors: Касьяненко Е.М. , Омельченко А.И. , Баум О.И.
Published: May 2022

Регенерация хрящевой ткани и изменение ее формы под воздействием лазерного излучения могут быть положены в основу перспективных медицинских операций, улучшающих качество жизни пациента. Важнейшим критерием успешности таких операций является выживаемость клеток после лазерного воздействия, поэтому уменьшение продолжительности и мощности воздействия является важной задачей при разработке таких методов. Наночастицы активно используются в медицине, и одна из целей их использования --- усиление фототермического эффекта при лазерном воздействии на биоткани. Однако суставная ткань достаточно устойчива к проникновению в нее инородных агентов, поэтому изучение проникающей способности наночастиц и эффекта от их пропитки является первостепенной задачей для достижения желаемого медицинского эффекта. В данной работе проведена оптическая когерентная томография (ОКТ) гелевых фантомов и хрящевой ткани сустава, пропитанных наночастицами, при лазерном воздействии эрбиевым волоконным лазером с длиной волны 1.56 μm. Срезы суставной хрящевой ткани трех типов (интактные, с лазерными повреждениями и после слабого лазерного воздействия) пропитывали наночастицами Fe3O4 для дальнейшего исследования на ОКТ-эластографии. Обнаружено увеличение деформаций, вызванных нагревом фантомов и тканей, пропитанных наночастицами. Данные ОКТ-эластографии указывают на зависимость деформации тканей от предварительной истории воздействия на ткань. В работе доказано увеличение фототермического воздействия лазерного излучения на деформацию тканей при введении различных наночастиц. Ключевые слова: наночастицы, ОКТ-эластография, лазерная модификация биоткани, биофотоника.
Влияние иммерсионных агентов на оптические параметры биотканей в процессе лазерной фототермической терапии опухоли: пилотное исследование
Authors: Генин В.Д. , Бучарская А.Б. , Наволокин Н.А. , Терентюк Г.С. , Хлебцов Н.Г. , Тучин В.В. , Генина Э.А.
Published: May 2022

Предложено комбинированное использование иммерсионного агента с низкоинтенсивным лазерным облучением для оптического просветления кожи перед проведением процедуры плазмонной фототермической терапии (ПФТТ). Представлены пилотные результаты исследования влияния иммерсионных агентов на оптические параметры кожи, подкожной соединительной ткани и модельной опухоли у крыс in vivo при гипертермии в процессе ПФТТ. В качестве модельной опухоли использовалась модель альвеолярного рака печени --- холангиокарциномы, трансплантированной подкожно. Для проведения ПФТТ внутрь опухоли вводились золотые наностержни с полосой поглощения в области излучения диодного лазера (808 nm). Мониторинг изменения коэффициента ослабления света в коже при оптическом просветлении проводился с помощью оптической когерентной томографии. Измерения оптических параметров цельной опухоли и её слоёв проводились на спектрометрах в диапазоне длин волн 350-2200 nm. Получено снижение термического повреждения кожи при проведении ПФТТ с предварительным оптическим просветлением с помощью иммерсионного агента (смесь 70% водного раствора глицерина с 10% ДМСО) и низкоинтенсивного лазерного облучения на длине волны 808 nm. Ключевые слова: золотые наностержни, ИК лазерное излучение, оптическое просветление, оптические параметры, плазмонная фототермическая терапия.
Определение индивидуальных и средних характеристик эритроцитов нативной крови методом статической спектральной цифровой микроскопии
Authors: Дубровский В.А. , Торбин С.О. , Забенков И.В.
Published: May 2022

The method of static (non-flow) spectral digital microscopy (SSDM) method to identify, to count and to determine the standard and individual characteristics of native blood erythrocytes is suggested.
The object to study was the whole donor blood diluted by saline and placed into the counting Goryaev camber. Among the standard characteristics of erythrocytes, the following were determined: the concentration of erythrocytes in a blood sample RBC (Red Blood Cells concentration), the scatter of erythrocytes by volume RDW (Red cells Distribution Width), including RDW-SD and RDW-CV, hematocrit HCT, mean erythrocyte volume MCV (Mean Cell Volume). n addition, the possibility of measuring the average hemoglobin content in erythrocyte MCH (Mean Cell Hemoglobin), MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration), as well as the total content of hemoglobin HGB in the blood sample (Hemoglobin) was investigated.
The peculiarity of SSCM method proposed lies in the fact that it fundamentally allows to determine not only the general hematological characteristics of blood samples (RBC, RDW-SD and RDW-CV, HGB), but also the mean values of the characteristics of native blood erythrocytes (MCV, MCH, MCHC), and also, and most importantly, the individual characteristics of each erythrocyte. The latter permitted the authors to introduce a new type of erythrocyte characteristics ICV, ICH, ICHC (Individual Cell Volume, Individual Cell Hemoglobin, Individual Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration). In turn, this made it possible to obtain the histograms of hemoglobin distribution in erythrocytes of a blood sample along with the traditional distribution of their volumes, which can serve as an additional tool in the field of hemodiagnostics. Thus, the paper shows that SSCM method makes it possible to compile an individual metrological "passport" for each erythrocyte of the blood sample under study - this is the main feature of this work.
Optical Soliton Perturbation with Generalized Quadratic--Cubic Nonlinearity by semi--Inverse Variation-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Biswas Anjan , Yi ldi ri m Yakup , Ekici Mehmet , Aphane Maggie , Moshokoa Seithuti P. , Alshehri Hashim M.
Published: May 2022

The current work recovers a perturbed bright 1.soliton solution to the governing model that maintains generalized quadratic--cubic nonlinearity. The perturbation terms appear with full intensity. The semiinverse variational principle secures this soliton when all of the known approaches fail, in this regard. Key words: solitons; quadratic.cubic; semi.inverse variation.
Рентгенография характеристическим излучением лазерной плазмы неодномерно сжимающейся ЛТС-мишени
Authors: Андреев А.А. , Беспалов Д.С. , Платонов К.Ю. , Седов М.В.
Published: May 2022

A scheme is considered and the parameters of a multipulse X-ray source for obtaining images of the compressed state of a primary laser thermonuclear target are determined. As an example of a source, we consider the characteristic radiation of an iron secondary target with focusing on it of several picosecond laser pulses of subrelativistic intensity. The proposed technique makes it possible to determine the relative large-scale inhomogeneity of the energy release of laser beams that irradiated the thermonuclear target, based on the results of X-ray diffraction of a compressed thermonuclear target, and to estimate the decrease in the neutron yield caused by the asymmetry of the compressed target.
Когерентное управление и создание решеток населенностей парой аттосекундных импульсов в резонансной среде на основе одномерных прямоугольных квантовых ям
Authors: Архипов Р.М. , Белов П.А. , Архипов М.В. , Пахомов А.В. , Розанов Н.Н.
Published: May 2022

Attosecond pulses can be used to create and control coherence in resonant media, since their duration is shorter than the population relaxation times T_1 and medium polarization T_2. Previously, the possibility of creating and ultrafast control of electromagnetically induced gratings (EMIG) of atomic populations in a resonant medium was shown using a sequence of extremely short light pulses, when the pulses coherently interact with the medium and do not simultaneously overlap in the medium. These studies were carried out in various approximations, when a finite number of energy levels of the medium is taken into account, or when the pulse amplitude is small. In this paper, based on a direct numerical solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation without the indicated approximations, we study the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of populations and the creation of an EMIG by a pair of attosecond pulses in a multilevel resonant medium with a low density of particles. The medium is modeled using a one-dimensional rectangular potential well with infinitely high walls. The studies performed show the possibility of ultrafast coherent control of the properties of resonant media based on quantum wells using attosecond pulses.
Timing and Motivations for Alternative Cancer Therapy With Insights From a Crowdfunding Platform: Cross-sectional Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Peterson John , Wilson Trevor , Gruhl Joshua , Davis Sydney , Olsen Jaxon , Parsons Matthew , Kann Benjamin , Fagerlin Angela , Watt Melissa , Johnson Skyler
Published: May 2022

Background

Alternative cancer therapy is associated with increased mortality, but little is known about those who pursue it.

Objective

We aimed to describe individuals’ motivations for using alternative cancer therapies and determine whether motivations differ based on individuals’ timing of seeking alternative therapies.

Methods

We used data from 649 campaigns posted on the website GoFundMe between 2011 and 2019 for beneficiaries with cancer pursuing alternative therapy. The data were analyzed using a mixed methods approach. Campaigns were categorized by timing of alternative therapy (either before or after experiencing conventional therapy). Qualitative analysis identified motivational themes. Chi-square tests of independence and Fisher tests (all 2-sided) determined significant differences in the presence of motivational themes between groups.

Results

The expression of concerns about the efficacy of conventional therapy was significantly more likely in campaigns for individuals who used conventional therapy first than in campaigns for individuals who started with alternative therapy (63.3% vs 41.7%; P<.001). Moreover, on comparing those who started with alternative therapy and those who switched from conventional to alternative therapy, those who started with alternative therapy more often expressed natural and holistic values (49.3% vs 27.0%; P<.001), expressed an unorthodox understanding of cancer (25.5% vs 16.4%; P=.004), referenced religious or spiritual beliefs (15.1% vs 8.9%; P=.01), perceived alternative treatment as efficacious (19.1% vs 10.2%; P=.001), and distrusted pharmaceutical companies (3.2% vs 0.5%; P=.04).

Conclusions

Individuals sought treatments that reflected their values and beliefs, even if scientifically unfounded. Many individuals who reported prior conventional cancer therapy were motivated to pursue alternative treatments because they perceived the conventional treatments to be ineffective.
Valorization of Natural Cardio Trekking Trails Through Open Innovation for the Promotion of Sustainable Cross-generational Health-Oriented Tourism in the Connect2Move Project: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mayr Barbara , Beck Maximilian , Eisenberger Laura , Venek Verena , Kranzinger Christina , Menzl Andrea , Reich Bernhard , Hornung-Prähauser Veronika , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Böhm Birgit , Niebauer Josef
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Hiking is one of the most popular forms of exercise in the alpine region. However, besides its health benefits, hiking is the alpine activity with the highest incidence of cardiac events. Most incidents occur due to overexertion or underestimation of the physiological strain of hiking.

OBJECTIVE

This project will establish a standardized cardio trekking test trail to evaluate the exercise capacity of tourists within hiking areas and deliver a tool for the prevention of hiking-associated cardiac incidents. Further, individual exercise intensity for a hiking tour will be predicted and visualized in digital maps.

METHODS

This cooperation study between Austria and Germany will first validate a 1-km outdoor cardio trekking test trail at 2 different study sites. Then, exercise intensity measures on 8-km hiking trails will be evaluated during hiking to estimate overall hiking intensity. A total of 144 healthy adults (aged >45 years) will perform a treadmill test in the laboratory and a 1-km hiking test outdoors. They will wear a portable spirometry device that measures gas exchange, as well as heart rate, walking speed, ventilation, GPS location, and altitude throughout the tests. Estimation models for exercise capacity based on measured parameters will be calculated.

RESULTS

The project “Connect2Move” was funded in December 2019 by the European Regional Development Fund (INTERREG V-A Programme Austria-Bavaria – 2014-2020; Project Number AB296). “Connect2Move” started in January 2020 and runs until the end of June 2022. By the end of April 2022, 162 participants were tested in the laboratory, and of these, 144 were tested outdoors. The data analysis will be completed by the end of June 2022, and results are expected to be published by the end of 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

Individual prediction of exercise capacity in healthy individuals with interest in hiking aims at the prevention of hiking-associated cardiovascular events caused by overexertion. Integration of a mathematical equation into existing hiking apps will allow individual hiking route recommendations derived from individual performance on a standardized cardio trekking test trail.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrails.gov NCT05226806; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05226806

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/39038