bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presencia de Estomatitis por el uso de Prótesis Totales y Removibles
Authors: Echegoyén Zoila Elizabeth , Donis de Cea Carmen
Published: March 2020

La estomatitis subprotesis es una alteración poco conocida con ese nombre y debe separarse del termino Hiperplasia Papilar Inflamatoria para designar los cambios patológicos de In mucosa bucal en el área de soporte de la dentadura completa a renovable. El propósito de este estudio era establecer in presencia de la estomatitis subpratesis, además de relacionar este hallazgo con el sexo de los pacientes y su etapa de evolución de acuerdo a in clasificación de Newton. Así mismo se relacionó su aparición con in higiene bucal de los pacientes, as1 coma el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y comidas irritantes. Los resultados del estudio evidenciaron que, de 36 pacientes portadores de prótesis totales a removibles examinados, de los cuales 33 presentaron estomatitis. Las edades de estos pacientes oscilaron entre los 50 y 70 años siendo el sexo femenino el más afectado. 30 prótesis se encontraron en estado no aceptable y machos de ellos las usaban durante in noche. La mayoría de lesiones se ubicaron en In parte anterior, media y posterior de in boca. Es interesante el hecho de que no representa un motivo de consulta odontológica entre los adultos mayores, más sin embargo es una de las causas que delatan d mar estado de las prótesis que portan estos pacientes al momento del examen, y constituye una de las barreras para la rehabilitación protésica inmediata.
Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) Estrategia para dinamizar la cátedra universitaria
Authors: Rivera de Parada Aydeé
Published: March 2020

Según la Red Panamericana para el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (PAN-ABP) El Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) es un método dinámico de enseñanza que viene extendiéndose en todo el mundo, tanto en las instituciones de educación superior como en las de educación escolar primaria y secundaria. Este modelo adapta "per se" la investigación como herramienta esencial; los estudiantes construyen sus propios conocimientos mediante la búsqueda de información para el estudio de problemas o necesidades y sus posibles soluciones creando un desafío para ellos. El ABP es una de las mejores formas de integrar la investigación y la docencia en los ámbitos sociales, de manera que promueve una formación de profesionales integrales para desenvolverse en la vida.
Editorial
Authors: Valverde Hernández Xiomara
Published: March 2020

La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua (UNAN-Managua) está en un constante proceso de evaluación y mejora continua; es por tal razón que los docentes de esta Alma Máter dedican parte de su tiempo a investigar sobre diferentes temáticas para contribuir al desarrollo del país.
The Effect of Health Insurance Coverage on Orthopaedic Patient-reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Abdurrob Abdurrahman , Smith Jeremy T.
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to assess performance and value. The type of health insurance coverage may influence outcomes scores. The goal of this study was to determine if the type of insurance coverage is associated with the trends in PROMs within an orthopaedic cohort.

Methods:

We reviewed the electronic medical records of 10,745 adult foot and ankle patients who completed PROMs questionnaires from 2015 to 2017. Patients completed the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, PROMIS Global-Mental, PROMIS Global-Physical, and PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 10a. Descriptive analyses, analysis of variance, and Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) post hoc analyses were conducted.

Results:

Patients with commercial insurance consistently had the highest outcomes scores, whereas those with Workers Comp/Motor Vehicle and Medicaid had the lowest. PROMs of patients with commercial insurance were statistically significantly higher than the pooled scores of all other patients. Markedly poorer scores were also seen for Workers Comp/Motor Vehicle and Medicaid. In addition, these differences in PROMs for Workers Comp/Motor Vehicle and Medicaid exceeded the minimal clinically important differences. Patients with Medicare or Free Care had generally lower scores than the pooled averages, but these results were not statistically significant.

Discussion:

PROMs scores vary between the patients with different insurance types in an orthopaedic foot and ankle cohort. These data suggest that patient insurance type may affect patient-reported outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, Retrospective Cohort
Effects of Emotions, Memory and Thought on Decision Outcomes and Judgments of Organizational and Business Leaders
Authors: Wakwe Lawrence Anthony , Onyema Lawrence Damiete
Published: March 2020

The qualities of the mind individually and collectively contribute in determining our personalities. This paper has tried to theoretically divide people into 6 different abstract personality tendencies: 1. Knowledgeable (people with dominant memory quality), 2. Reasonable (people with dominant thought quality), 3. Clever (people with both dominant memory and thought qualities), 4. Sentimental (people with dominant emotional quality especially of negative types, 5. Wise (people who have both domiant qualities of memory and thought and who have mastered how to control and direct their emotions without allowing their ‘hearts to rule their heads’) and 6. Stupid (those who have all the qualities: memory, thought and emotions, poorly developed). The paper demonstrates how these qualities affect organizational and business efectiveness and how they could be improved. Understanding our strenghts and weaknesses and continual improvement of the mind’s qualities by undergoing relevant and appropriate training, ensuring that we acquire the appropriate technologies to enhance our managerial skills, acquiring on the job experiential skills, including broadening of our perspective in human relations, effective communication and conflict management skills are key to becoming a good leader. This concept and their applications can be used to improve all human relations especially by leaders in every organization (business, government, Church setting, non-governmental etc.).
Cross-Border M&A and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence on Bidder/Target Companies
Authors: Cioli Valentina , Giannozzi Alessandro , Ippoliti Valentina , Roggi Oliviero
Published: March 2020

Achieving successful integration of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) continues to pose serious challenges for cross-border acquirers. The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of cross border M&A on bidder and target companies’ post-M&A profitability, leverage and growth in sales/invested capital. We used a sample of 415 Italian bidder companies and 370 Italian target companies over the period of 2006-2013. Our analysis suggests that the cultural distance exerts positive effects on bidder companies’ post-M&A performance and a negative effect on target companies. Bidder companies better exploit the source of value in terms of competencies and resources, learning from their counterparties. The results suggest that the effect of culture distance is conditioned by the acquirer size, prior experience and managerial capabilities in dealing with cross-border cultural challenges. Profitability ratios show a significant increase in bidder companies, while target companies do not reveal any significant change in the comparison pre-post M&A. Leverage reveals no significant difference in bidder companies, while target companies have a higher leverage after a cross-border M&A. In cross-border M&A, the private equity funds as acquirer do not generate any incremental benefit from the target companies’ post M&A performance.
Manoeuvreren binnen smalle marges
Authors: Doornbos Nienke , Mein Arnt
Published: March 2020

The Role of Legislative Drafters in Law Making

In the past five years, the Council of State, the National Ombudsman and several academics have criticized the way in which new legislation has been made. In their view, principles of law and the rule of law are insufficiently uphold due to an instrumentalist view on law. This criticism urged the authors to conduct an empirical study into the question how legislative drafters deal with legislative plans which are problematic from a legal or rule of law point of view, and how they justify their role in the legislative process. This study is explorative and qualitative in nature. During the summer of 2018, 24 legislative lawyers from five different Dutch ministries have been interviewed. The results show that the role of legislative lawyers can best be characterized as constructively critical. As their tasks encompass much more than solely the actual drafting of legislation, they more and more resemble their colleagues from the policy department. The authors suggest that legislative lawyers should articulate their distinctive professional ethics in order to strengthen the checks and balances within the ministries.
Observing Participants: Digital Ethnography in Online Dating Environments and the Cultivation of Online Research Identities
Authors: Esquinas Antonio Silva , Verdugo Rebeca Cordero , Suárez Jorge Ramiro Pérez , Briggs Daniel
Published: March 2020

This article offers a critical methodological reflection on how we undertook covert digital ethnographic research on Spanish young people and their use of online dating apps with a focus on the potential risk attached to using them. We were interested in showing how we approached the fieldwork, how we developed different research identities and how those identities were able to draw out raw data which reflected the risk attached to the online dating apps. While the project as a whole used a mixed-methods framework which also encompassed open-ended interviews and surveys, we provide a series of critical reflections attuned to digital ethnography. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to show how the methodological techniques cultivated ‘identities’ for our ethnographer that became effective in teasing out attitudes to risk and sexual exploration. We also hope that the paper can facilitate similar studies in the future, thus paving the way for other researchers. For this reason, we highlight the problems we encountered during the fieldwork and discuss the ethical issues related to this specific field.
Fair media technologies: innovative media devices for social change and the good life
Authors: Kannengießer Sigrid
Published: March 2020

Efforts to produce social change are often connected to the aim of creating the good life. Against the background of the current ecological crisis and climate change as well as exploitive globalization processes, I argue in this article that the good life is currently connected to sustainability, which not only implies ecological aspects but also economic and social ones. In this article, the research question looks at how both companies and users of media technologies can contribute to social change in general and sustainability in particular through media innovation. To answer this question, the results of a qualitative study are discussed in which the Fairphone was analyzed as a case study for media innovation. The Fairphone is a smartphone which is supposed to be produced under fair working conditions using sustainable resources. Putting the focus on the Fairphone, innovative production and appropriation processes that materialize in fair media technology are taken into account. The article contributes to research in the field of media innovation (in technology, production and appropriation) in general and media innovation with respect to social change, the good life and sustainability in particular.
Hypothenar Muscles and Guyon’s Canal
Authors: P. Georgiev Georgi
Published: March 2020

The increased number of articles in the last years about hypothenar variations and some misdescriptions and the role of the additional structures to ulnar nerve and artery compression, as well as my unostentatious contribution in the field, provoked me to write this chapter. The aim of it is to present in detail the usual hypothenar muscular anatomy, including the origins and insertions of the hypothenar muscles, their relations to each other, the vascular supply and innervation, the function of the muscles, the reported variations and their possible clinical implications. Herein, I also presented briefly the Guyon’s canal anatomy and some interesting comments about it. Presenting the compendium about hypothenar muscles and the canal to my opinion will help the anatomists and the clinicians to better understand the clinically oriented anatomy. They also will be more qualified in the anatomical dissection course as well as during the surgical interventions. The detailed knowledge of the anatomy in the region would be also useful to medical students in better understanding the hypothenar region.
Changes in Emergency Department Care Intensity from 2007-16: Analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
Authors: Chou Shih-Chuan , Baker Olesya , Schuur Jeremiah
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Emergency departments (ED) in the United States (US) have increasingly taken the central role for the expedited diagnosis and treatment of acute episodic illnesses and exacerbations of chronic diseases, allowing outpatient management to be possible for many conditions that traditionally required hospitalization and inpatient care. The goal of this analysis was to examine the changes in ED care intensity in this context through the changes in ED patient population and ED care provided.

Methods: We analyzed the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) from 2007-2016. Incorporating survey design and weight, we calculated the changes in ED patient characteristics and ED care provided between 2007 and 2016. We also calculated changes in the proportion of visits with low-severity illnesses that may be safely managed at alternative settings. Lastly, we compared ED care received and final ED dispositions by calculating adjusted relative risk (aRR) comparing ED visits in 2007 to 2016, using survey weighted multivariable logistic regression.

Results: NHAMCS included 35,490 visits in 2007 and 19,467 visits in 2016, representing 117 million and 146 million ED visits, respectively. Between 2007 and 2016, there was an increase in the proportion of ED patients aged 45-64 (21.0% to 23.6%) and 65-74 (5.9% to 7.5%), while visits with low-severity illnesses decreased from 37.3% to 30.4%. There was a substantial increase in the proportion of Medicaid patients (22.2% to 34.0%) with corresponding decline in the privately insured (36.2% to 28.3%) and the uninsured (15.4% to 8.6%) patients. After adjusting for patient and visit characteristics, there was an increase in the utilization of advanced imaging (aRR 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.41), blood tests (aRR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.22), urinalysis (aRR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.13-1.31), and visits where the patient received four or more medications (aRR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.88-2.46). Lastly, adjusted hospitalization rates declined (aRR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64-0.84) while adjusted discharge rates increased (aRR 1.06; 95%CI 1.03-1.08).

Conclusion: From 2007 to 2016, ED care intensity appears to have increased modestly, including aging of patient population, increased illness severity, and increased resources utilization. The role of increased care intensity in the decline of ED hospitalization rate requires further study.
Counting Mitoses With Digital Pathology in Breast Phyllodes Tumors
Authors: Chow Zi Long , Thike Aye Aye , Li Hui Hua , Nasir Nur Diyana Md , Yeong Joe Poh Sheng , Tan Puay Hoon
Published: March 2020

Context.—

Mitotic count is an important histologic criterion for grading and prognostication in phyllodes tumors (PTs). Counting mitoses is a routine practice for pathologists evaluating neoplasms, but different microscopes, variable field selection, and areas have led to possible misclassification.

Objective.—

To determine whether 10 high-power fields (HPFs) or whole slide mitotic counts correlated better with PT clinicopathologic parameters using digital pathology (DP). We also aimed to find out whether this study might serve as a basis for an artificial intelligence (AI) protocol to count mitosis.

Design.—

Representative slides were chosen from 93 cases of PTs diagnosed between 2014 and 2015. The slides were scanned and viewed with DP. Mitotic counting was conducted on the whole slide image, before choosing 10 HPFs and demarcating the tumor area in DP. Values of mitoses per millimeter squared were used to compare results between 10 HPFs and the whole slide. Correlations with clinicopathologic parameters were conducted.

Results.—

Both whole slide counting of mitoses and 10 HPFs had similar statistically significant correlation coefficients with grade, stromal atypia, and stromal hypercellularity. Neither whole slide mitotic counts nor mitoses per 10 HPFs showed statistically significant correlations with patient age and tumor size.

Conclusions.—

Accurate mitosis counting in breast PTs is important for grading. Exploring machine learning on digital whole slides may influence approaches to training, testing, and validation of a future AI algorithm.
Histopathologic Characterization of Myocarditis Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Sobol Irina , Chen Carol L. , Mahmood Syed S. , Borczuk Alain C.
Published: March 2020

Context.—

Cardiac complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy are rare, but reports of myocarditis are increasing. The findings have been described in case reports as lymphocytic myocarditis, but its histopathology is underreported.

Objective.—

To review the histology of myocardial biopsy–proven cases of immune checkpoint–associated myocarditis and provide immunohistochemical characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate.

Design.—

We have encountered 6 patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis in conjunction with therapy using anti–programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) agents with and without cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors and characterized the histopathology and immune cell profile.

Results.—

The myocarditis was multifocal/diffuse and characterized by a predominant CD163-positive histiocytic infiltrate, with an associated CD8+ and PD-1+ T-lymphocytic infiltrate, some of which were granzyme B positive. Cardiac myocytes showed immunoreactivity for PD-L1 in areas of injury, confirmed using 2 different anti–PD-L1 clones. Four of 6 patients recovered from their cardiac injury. One patient had residual tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome and 1 patient expired.

Conclusions.—

The diffuse lymphohistiocytic myocarditis associated with this therapy is relatively distinctive, and this diagnosis is strongly suggested based on the histopathologic findings in the correct clinical setting.
Formação profissional integrada ao ensino médio: um estudo de caso com estudante surdo
Authors: Silva Marimar Da , Oliveira Hagar De Lara Tiburcio de
Published: March 2020

Este estudo, inserido na Área de Ensino, na linha de pesquisa Práticas Educativas em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica e de natureza aplicada, foi idealizado a partir da demanda de práticas educacionais inclusivas para estudantes Surdos de Cursos Técnicos Integrados ao Ensino Médio de um Instituto Federal da região sul do Brasil, e tem como objetivo compreender como o estudante Surdo aprende um conceito complexo. Para isso, foi elaborado, implementado e avaliado um produto educacional com atividades de ensino sobre o conceito de Matriz, priorizando as particularidades de aprender desse estudante. A pesquisa, um estudo de caso com um único estudante Surdo do Curso Técnico em Informática, gerou dados a partir do estudo de documentos institucionais e textos de base de dados, de entrevistas, de atividades de aprendizagem e de procedimentos de ensino a partir de um tema gerador. A análise dos dados indica que se forem adotadas regularmente procedimentos metodológicos de ensino que respeitem as especificidades de aprender do estudante Surdo, agregado a recursos educacionais inclusivos, este terá mais condições de êxito na aquisição de conceitos complexos quando inseridos em contextos de ensino não-bilíngue. No entanto, o estudo alerta sobre a necessidade de expandir o universo da pesquisa visando corroborar, refutar e/ou aprofundar os resultados aqui apresentados.
Dispersão do dióxido de nitrogênio: um estudo de caso em Belém/PA
Authors: Rodrigues Jeferson Botelho , Freitas Stephanie Jael Negrão de , Cabral Ana Carla Leite Carvalho , Silva Déborah Luisa Lucas da , Pfeiff Greicy Kelly
Published: March 2020

O homem no decorrer de sua evolução natural e, no consequente aumento do uso de diversos materiais vem de forma incisiva colaborando para o crescente processo de degradação atmosférica, por meio de contribuições de emissões de efluentes gasosos. O principal objetivo deste estudo consistiu em simular as emissões do poluente atmosférico Óxido de Nitrogênio (NOX), emitido por motores a Diesel, em uma determinada área de influência de na cidade de Belém. As áreas de estudo localizam-se na cidade de Belém-Pa, na porção centro-sul do município, onde estão instalados os grandes empreendimentos comerciais objeto de estudo desta pesquisa. A seleção das fontes emissoras de poluentes atmosféricos para o estudo fundamentou-se em dados reais de motores estacionários utilizadores de óleo diesel, instalados em 05 (cinco) empreendimentos comerciais na cidade de Belém. O software utilizado para modelar foi o Screen View 4.0. No que se refere a NO2, as emissões ultrapassaram os valores estabelecidos pelo CONAMA,1990, em virtude do parque energético da fonte 3 ter suas emissões de poluentes triplicados, em decorrência das características físicas dos mesmos, contribuindo para cumulatividade, das emissões oriundas de outras fontes no entorno, principalmente ao que se refere as emissões de NO2, as quais tiveram seus limites ultrapassados quando do funcionamento do parque energético dos empreendimentos. Porém, em longo prazo as emissões somadas aos lançamentos de poluentes de fontes móveis, podem contribuir para alterar e degradar a vegetação e os ecossistemas sensíveis. Partindo das percepções obtidas na pesquisa, o papel de monitorar as emissões, não deve ser somente obrigação do Estado, mas sim, de toda sociedade, pois o atributo em estudo é bem comum e deve ser preservado.
Medicinal flora of the Maranhão, Brazil: plants species and their therapeutic indications in popular use
Authors: Nascimento Janilde de Melo , Oliveira Jadson Vinícius Nascimento , Silva Joene Soares da , Gomes Gustavo da Silva , Silva Guilherme Sousa da , Araújo Maria de Fátima Véras , Conceição Gonçalo Mendes da
Published: March 2020

The Brazil is considered a megadiverse country, with a diversified flora, present in their different biomes, with characteristics especially typical, with plants species with different popular use, major of medicinal utilization. Known the plants species used for the people is important, for very species same not were investigated of scientific form, verifying their potentialities medicinal and therapeutically. The research presented 70 species, distributed in 58 genera and 28 botanical families. The work present for all species with scientific name, family, Common name, part used, use form and Therapeutic indication. Plates with imagens of any plants species medicinal are presents.
Implicación de familias y docentes en la formación familiar
Authors: Hernández Prados Mª Ángeles , García Sanz Mª Paz , Galián Nicolás Begoña , Belmonte Almagro Mª Luisa
Published: March 2020

La formación de las familias en España carece de regulación normativa, administrativa e institucional formalmente constituida para tal fin, de modo que la responsabilidad de esta formación se encuentra diluida y depende de los intereses de las AMPA, de los centros educativos, de la Consejería de Educación, de los municipios, y de algunas Organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro. En este artículo presentamos los resultados de la evaluación de necesidades formativas de las familias y los docentes sobre las relaciones familia-escuela en un contexto multicultural, en el que, respondiendo a dos cuestionarios homólogos, han informado un total de 3.639 familias y 225 docentes.

Dichos resultados indican que las familias participan entre poco y algo en actividades de formación dirigidas a ellas y que esta participación desciende a medida que aumenta su nivel de implicación. Los docentes afirman facilitar bastante más la participación familiar en actividades formativas, si bien dicha facilitación también desciende conforme aumenta el grado de implicación. Asimismo, los progenitores del alumnado valoran entre algo y bastante alto otros aspectos de la formación relacionados con la colaboración familia-escuela, incrementándose dicha valoración cuando se trata de los docentes. Por último, más del 80% de familias y docentes afirma interesarse por recibir formación en lo que respecta a la participación familiar en la educación de los hijos e hijas.
Responsabilización, obediencia y resistencia: perspectivas de docentes y padres sobre la colaboración familia-escuela
Authors: Madrid Romina , Saracostti Mahia , Reininger Taly , Hernández María Teresa
Published: March 2020

En un contexto de amplio acuerdo científico y legislativo sobre la importancia de la colaboración familia y escuela en los sistemas escolares, este estudio indaga en las nociones de colaboración que sustentan las prácticas de participación familiar en cinco establecimientos de Chile. Usando un cuestionario de involucramiento familiar y a través de entrevistas individuales y grupales, se identifican las nociones de colaboración familia-escuela, los roles, y las expectativas sobre las familias derivadas de éstas. El análisis muestra cómo las nociones de colaboración de docentes y familias privilegian cierto tipo de participación mientras invisibilizan otros. Se problematiza el hecho de que las familias, unilateralmente, sean construidas como las responsables últimas del éxito de la relación familia-escuela.

Internationally there is wide scientific and legislative agreement on the relevance of school-family collaboration in education. Following this premise, this study explores the notions of collaboration that sustain participation and involvement practices in five schools in Chile. Utilizing a questionnaire based on Hoover-Dempsey & Sandler´s scales of parental involvement and individual and group interviews with teachers and families, meanings about school-family collaboration, roles and teachers´ expectations for families are explored. Results show how notions of collaboration held by teachers and families privilege certain aspects while invisiblizing others. Further results indicate accountability and blame discourses for the failure of successful school-family collaborations attributed to non-participating families by teachers and those families who do participate in school-based activities.
Refugees: a new intercultural education for global citizenship
Authors: Parejo José Luis , Ruiz-Requies Inés , González-Pedraza Ainoa
Published: March 2020

Tradicionalmente, la migración ha englobado los conceptos de emigración e inmigración. La emigración era el acto de salir de un país para dirigirte a otro y la inmigración la entrada en otro país. Sin embargo, la connotación negativa que ha adquirido este segundo término a lo largo de los años, en gran parte debido a los medios de comunicación, ha provocado que se generalice y se hable únicamente de migración. La inmigración se ha convertido en sinónimo de invasión, de abuso de los papeles identificatorios, con las mafias, de desempleo, de violencia, de crimen, de drogas, de ilegalidad, de desviación cultural, de fanatismo e intolerancia religiosa, de atraso, etc. Mientras que el término migración se refiere a toda persona que abandona su lugar de origen, de manera temporal o permanente, por motivos laborales, familiares o de cualquier otra índole, que influyan en su calidad de vida. Partiendo de esta idea, este artículo realiza un análisis y discusión teórica sobre el origen y evolución de los movimientos migratorios y sus efectos en los países de acogida, centrándonos, en el caso de España, en la situación de los refugiados y la respuesta que desde el ámbito educativo ha de darse para combatir la creciente ola de racismo y xenofobia presente en las sociedades occidentales multiculturales y la configuración de una nueva ciudadanía global, más inclusiva y diversa.

Migration has traditionally encompassed the concepts of emigration and immigration. Emigration was the action of leaving a country to go to another one and immigration was entering a different country. However, the negative connotations acquired by the latter term over the years, largely owing to the media, has led to the spread and simple use of migration. Immigration has become a synonym of invasion, abuse of identity documents, mafias, unemployment, violence, crime, drugs, illegality, cultural deviation, religious fanatism and intolerance, backwardness, etc., while the term migration refers to leaving one’s place of origin, either temporarily or permanently, for reasons related to work, family or any other motivation that influences quality of life. Drawing from this idea, this article provides an analysis and theoretical discussion on the origin and evolution of migration movements and their effects on host countries, specifically focusing on the case of Spain, refugees’ situation and how the area of education should respond to fight the growing wave of racism and xenophobia in current western multicultural societies, so that a new global citizenship that is more inclusive and diverse can be built.
The Controversy
Authors: Devriésère Viviane
Published: March 2020

La educación para la ciudadanía democrática y el diálogo intercultural son desde 1954 temas claves del Consejo de Europa, que considera que la educación es fundamental para ayudar a los pueblos a vivir mejor juntos. Los atentados y las tensiones que han sufrido las sociedades europeas en los últimos años han reforzado la importancia de promover un conjunto de valores comunes en las sociedades occidentales. Así, en 2012-2013, durante la Presidencia Andorrana del Consejo de Europa, se inició el proyecto de definir las competencias necesarias para una sociedad democrática. El diálogo y la argumentación tienen un lugar central en el desarrollo de estas competencias. El Consejo de Europa ha puesto a disposición de los Estados diversos instrumentos, entre ellos uno relativo a la controversia, especialmente interesante para construir estas competencias.

L’éducation à la citoyenneté démocratique et le dialogue interculturel sont depuis 1954 des thématiques clés du Conseil de l’Europe qui considère la place de l’éducation comme centrale pour aider les peuples à mieux vivre ensemble. Les attentats et les tensions qu’ont connus les sociétés européennes ces dernières années ont renforcé l’importance de promouvoir un ensemble de valeurs communes dans les sociétés occidentales. C’est ainsi qu’en 2012-2013, lors de la présidence du Conseil de l’Europe par l’Andorre, est né le projet de définir les compétences nécessaires à une société démocratique. Parmi les compétences attendues des citoyens dans les sociétés démocratiques entrent différentes aptitudes, comme celle de communiquer efficacement avec les autres, et notamment avec les personnes de cultures différentes, et celle de résoudre pacifiquement les conflits. Le dialogue et l’argumentation ont une place centrale dans le développement de ces compétences. La controverse est apparue au Conseil de l’Europe comme une pratique essentielle, à mettre en place dès l’école, pour permettre aux citoyens de régler les polémiques de façon pacifique. Le Conseil de l’Europe a mis à disposition des Etats divers outils dont un portant sur la controverse, particulièrement intéressant pour construire ces compétences.
“Digital economy”: technological breakthrough or new utilization of known methods?
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg Vasilyevich
Published: March 2020

The object of this research is the process of informatization of management in the economic sector. The subject of this research is the impact from the active implementation of information technologies of management upon the state of this process. The article explores not the segment of digital industry, which efficiency and reasonableness of which unquestionable, but the “digital” economy as a whole. The relevance of this work is defined by substantial discrepancies in the export opinions on “digital” economy. To analyze the content of these discrepancies, the author examines the peculiarities of “digital” economy in comparison with the process of informatization of management in other areas of activity. The use of systemic approach, methods of decomposition and comparative analysis, allowed viewing the questions of “digitalization” of economy in a complex, as one of the spheres of human activity. Based on application of generalization method, a conclusion is made that “digitalization” of economy is not a “know-how” or panacea from all problems, rather the transfer of its management to a new level ensuring achievement of vast results with current capacity and means by increasing the efficiency of their utilization. At the same time, the analysis of the factors of “digitalization” revealed that it would exert certain influence upon development of “real” economy, and it is unacceptable to not take it into account.
Male meiotic spindle features that efficiently segregate paired and lagging chromosomes
Authors: Fabig Gunar , Kiewisz Robert , Lindow Norbert , Powers James A , Cota Vanessa , Quintanilla Luis J , Brugués Jan , Prohaska Steffen , Chu Diana S , Müller-Reichert Thomas
Published: March 2020

Chromosome segregation during male meiosis is tailored to rapidly generate multitudes of sperm. Little is known about mechanisms that efficiently partition chromosomes to produce sperm. Using live imaging and tomographic reconstructions of spermatocyte meiotic spindles in Caenorhabditis elegans, we find the lagging X chromosome, a distinctive feature of anaphase I in C. elegans males, is due to lack of chromosome pairing. The unpaired chromosome remains tethered to centrosomes by lengthening kinetochore microtubules, which are under tension, suggesting that a ‘tug of war’ reliably resolves lagging. We find spermatocytes exhibit simultaneous pole-to-chromosome shortening (anaphase A) and pole-to-pole elongation (anaphase B). Electron tomography unexpectedly revealed spermatocyte anaphase A does not stem solely from kinetochore microtubule shortening. Instead, movement of autosomes is largely driven by distance change between chromosomes, microtubules, and centrosomes upon tension release during anaphase. Overall, we define novel features that segregate both lagging and paired chromosomes for optimal sperm production.
Predictive modelling of the distribution of Clematis sect. Fruticella s. str. under climate change reveals a range expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Li Mingyu , He Jian , Zhao Zhe , Lyu Rudan , Yao Min , Cheng Jin , Xie Lei
Published: March 2020

Background

The knowledge of distributional dynamics of living organisms is a prerequisite for protecting biodiversity and for the sustainable use of biotic resources. Clematis sect. Fruticella s. str. is a small group of shrubby, yellow-flowered species distributed mainly in arid and semi-arid areas of China. Plants in this section are both horticulturally and ecologically important.

Methods

Using past, present, and future environmental variables and data with Maximum Entropy (Maxent) modeling, we evaluated the importance of the environmental variables on the section’s estimated distributions, thus simulating its distributional dynamics over time. The contractions and expansions of suitable habitat between the past and future scenarios and the present were then compared.

Results and Discussion

The models revealed that the areas with high and moderate suitability currently encompass about 725,110 km2. The distribution centroid location varies between points in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia during the different scenarios. Elevation, Mean UV-B of Lowest Month, Precipitation of Coldest Quarter, and Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter were major factors determining the section’s distribution. Our modeling indicated that Clematis sect. Fruticella underwent a significant range contraction during the last interglacial period, and then expanded during the last glacial maximum (LGM) to amounts like those of the present. Cold, dry, and relatively stable climate, as well as steppe or desert steppe environments may have facilitated range expansion of this cold-adapted, drought-resistant plant taxon during the LGM. Predicted future scenarios show little change in the amounts of suitable habitat for Clematis sect. Fruticella. This study aids understanding of the distributional dynamics of Clematis sect. Fruticella, and the results will help the conservation and sustainable use of these important woody plants in Chinese arid and semiarid areas.
Long noncoding RNA DANCR confers cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia by activating autophagy via the miR‐874‐3P/ATG16L1 axis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Ling , Chen Lulu , Liu Haihui , Ren Saisai , Tao Yanling
Published: March 2020

Autophagy is an important mechanism involved in the regulation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemoresistance. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) differentiation antagonizing non‐protein coding RNA (DANCR) exhibits oncogenic activity in several types of human cancers, including AML, but it remains unclear whether it regulates autophagy and chemoresistance in AML. We report here that cytarabine (Ara‐C) treatment elevates DANCR expression in human AML cells. In addition, DANCR overexpression confers and its knockdown diminishes Ara‐C resistance in human AML cells, suggesting that DANCR positively regulates AML chemoresistance to Ara‐C. Moreover, DANCR promotes autophagy in Ara‐C‐treated human AML cells and acts as a sponge to decrease miR‐20a‐5p expression, thereby upregulating the expression of ATG16L1, a critical component of the autophagy machinery. Importantly, ATG16L1 silencing abrogates DANCR‐promoted autophagy and markedly restores DANCR‐conferred Ara‐C resistance, suggesting that DANCR promotes MIR‐874‐3P/ATG16L1 axis‐regulated autophagy to confer Ara‐C resistance in human AML cells. Together, this study identifies DANCR as a positive regulator of Ara‐C resistance in human AML cells, suggesting this lncRNA as a potential target for overcoming Ara‐C resistance in AML chemotherapy.
Switchable Supercapacitors with Transistor‐Like Gating Characteristics (G‐Cap)
Authors: Lochmann Stefanie , Bräuniger Yannik , Gottsmann Vincent , Galle Lydia , Grothe Julia , Kaskel Stefan
Published: March 2020

A novel three‐electrode electrolyte supercapacitor (electric double‐layer capacitor [EDLC]) architecture in which a symmetrical interdigital “working” two‐electrode micro‐supercapacitor array (W‐Cap) is paired with a third “gate” electrode that reversibly depletes/injects electrolyte ions into the system controlling the “working” capacity effectively is described. All three electrodes are based on precursor‐derived nanoporous carbons with well‐defined specific surface area (735 m2 g−1). The interdigitated architecture of the W‐Cap is precisely manufactured using 3D printing. The W‐Cap operating with a proton conducting PVA/H2SO4‐hydrogel electrolyte and high capacitance (6.9 mF cm−2) can be repeatedly switched “on” and “off”. By applying a low DC bias potential (−0.5 V) at the gate electrode, the AC electroadsorption in the coupled interdigital nanoporous carbon electrodes of the W‐Cap is effectively suppressed leading to a stark capacity drop by two orders of magnitude from an “on” to an “off” state. The switchable micro‐supercapacitor is the first of its kind. This general concept is suitable for implementing a broad range of nanoporous materials and advanced electrolytes expanding its functions and applications in future. The integration of intelligent functions into EDLC devices has extensive implications for diverse areas such as capacitive energy management, microelectronics, iontronics, and neuromodulation.
Functionality of Dual‐Phase Lithium Storage in a Porous Carbon Host for Lithium‐Metal Anode
Authors: Kim Junyoung , Lee Jaewoo , Yun Jonghyeok , Choi Seung Hyun , Han Sang A , Moon Janghyuk , Kim Jung Ho , Lee Jong‐Won , Park Min‐Sik
Published: March 2020

Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the most attractive anode material for high‐energy Li batteries, but it faces unavoidable challenges—uncontrollable dendritic growth of Li and severe volume changes during Li plating and stripping. Herein, a porous carbon framework (PCF) derived from a metal–organic framework (MOF) is proposed as a dual‐phase Li storage material that enables efficient and reversible Li storage via lithiation and metallization processes. Li is electrochemically stored in the PCF upon charging to 0 V versus Li/Li+ (lithiation), making the PCF surface more lithiophilic, and then the formation of metallic Li phase can be induced spontaneously in the internal nanopores during further charging below 0 V versus Li/Li+ (metallization). Based on thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies, it is shown that atomically dispersed zinc plays an important role in facilitating Li plating and that the reversibility of Li storage is significantly improved by controlled nanostructural engineering of 3D porous nanoarchitectures to promote the uniform formation of Li. Moreover, the MOF‐derived PCF does not suffer from macroscopic volume changes during cycling. This work demonstrates that the nanostructural engineering of porous carbon structures combined with lithiophilic element coordination would be an effective approach for realizing high‐capacity, reversible Li‐metal anodes.
Ultrafast Thermodynamic Control for Stable and Efficient Mixed Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Luo Chao , Yan Cheng , Li Wen , Chun Fengjun , Xie Meilin , Zhu Zhihao , Gao Yue , Guo Bolin , Yang Weiqing
Published: March 2020

Low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and spectra instability, the two most difficult challenges in blue‐emitting CsPbBrxCl3−x NCs, have not yet been solved. Quickly controlling the reaction thermodynamics is crucial to enhance crystallinity, thus PLQY and spectra stability, but it has been ignored until now. An ultrafast thermodynamic control (UTC) strategy is designed by utilizing liquid nitrogen to instantaneously freeze the superior crystal lattices of CsPbBrxCl3−x NCs formed at high temperature. The average cooling rate exhibits a 33‐fold increase compared to conventional ice‐water cooling (from 1.5 to 50 K s−1). This UTC can make the reaction thermodynamic energy of the system lower than the threshold very quickly. Therefore, abrupt termination of further crystal growth can be achieved, which also avoids additional nucleation at low temperature. With the assist of defect passivation, the final blue‐emitting CsPbBrxCl3−x NCs exhibit an absolute PLQY of 98%, representing the highest value in Pb‐based blue perovskites to date. More importantly, they exhibit superior spectra instability. This UTC strategy not only represents a new avenue to synthesize perovskite NCs with excellent crystal quality and ultrahigh PLQY, but also provides a good reference to deal with the recognized bottleneck of spectra instability.
Conditioning of 3D Printed Nanoengineered Ionic–Covalent Entanglement Scaffolds with iP‐hMSCs Derived Matrix
Authors: Sears Candice , Mondragon Eli , Richards Zachary I. , Sears Nick , Chimene David , McNeill Eoin P. , Gregory Carl A. , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. , Kaunas Roland
Published: March 2020

Additive manufacturing is a promising method for producing customized 3D bioactive constructs for regenerative medicine. Here, 3D printed highly osteogenic scaffolds using nanoengineered ionic–covalent entanglement ink (NICE) for bone tissue engineering are reported. This NICE ink consists of ionic–covalent entanglement reinforced with Laponite, a 2D nanosilicate (nSi) clay, allowing for the printing of anatomic‐sized constructs with high accuracy. The 3D printed structure is able to maintain high structural stability in physiological conditions without any significant swelling or deswelling. The presence of nSi imparts osteoinductive characteristics to the NICE scaffolds, which is further augmented by depositing pluripotent stem cell‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM) on the scaffolds. This is achieved by stimulating human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (iP‐hMSCs) with 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzanilide, a PPARγ inhibitor that enhances Wnt pathway, resulting in the deposition of an ECM characterized by high levels of collagens VI and XII found in anabolic bone. The osteoinductive characteristics of these bioconditioned NICE (bNICE) scaffolds is demonstrated through osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells. A significant increase in the expression of osteogenic gene markers as well as mineralized ECM are observed on bioconditioned NICE (bNICE) scaffolds compared to bare scaffolds (NICE). The bioconditioned 3D printed scaffolds provide a unique strategy to design personalized bone grafts for in situ bone regeneration.
Aptamer/Peptide‐Functionalized Genome‐Editing System for Effective Immune Restoration through Reversal of PD‐L1‐Mediated Cancer Immunosuppression
Authors: He Xiao‐Yan , Ren Xiao‐He , Peng Yan , Zhang Jian‐Ping , Ai Shu‐Lun , Liu Bo‐Ya , Xu Chang , Cheng Si‐Xue
Published: March 2020

Effective reversal of tumor immunosuppression is of critical importance in cancer therapy. A multifunctional delivery vector that can effectively deliver CRISPR‐Cas9 plasmid for β‐catenin knockout to reverse tumor immunosuppression is constructed. The multi‐functionalized delivery vector is decorated with aptamer‐conjugated hyaluronic acid and peptide‐conjugated hyaluronic acid to combine the tumor cell/nuclear targeting function of AS1411 with the cell penetrating/nuclear translocation function of TAT‐NLS. Due to the significantly enhanced plasmid enrichment in malignant cell nuclei, the genome editing system can induce effective β‐catenin knockout and suppress Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, resulting in notably downregulated proteins involved in tumor progression and immunosuppression. Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) downregulation in edited tumor cells not only releases the PD‐1/PD‐L1 brake to improve the cancer killing capability of CD8+ T cells, but also enhances antitumor immune responses of immune cells. This provides a facile strategy to reverse tumor immunosuppression and to restore immunosurveillance and activate anti‐tumor immunity.
Application of Photocatalytic Materials in Sensors
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Wang Chengyin , Su Dawei , Wang Guoxiu , Zhong Yunhao
Published: March 2020

Photocatalysis technology can not only decompose water, toxic and harmful substances in the environment, but also directly convert solar energy into electricity and other clean energy. Therefore, the application of photocatalytic materials in sensors has great potential. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the application and potential of photocatalytic materials in sensors. The content includes the application of various photocatalytic materials in sensors. The photocatalytic materials mainly include n‐type semiconductor materials TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, Fe2O3, WO3, In2O3 and nonmetallic semiconductor C3N4. Sensors include gas sensors, photoelectrochemical sensors, electrochemical sensors, photocatalytic sensors, and other sensors. The results show that photocatalytic materials are most widely used in gas sensors. In addition to using photocatalytic materials to detect gas, the most common method is to use photocatalytic materials to detect the concentration of metal ions and organic substances in water. The most widely used photocatalytic material is titanium dioxide, and C3N4 as a nonmetallic semiconductor is rarely used in sensors. It can be concluded that photocatalytic materials have great potential in the application of sensors, among which C3N4 as a nonmetallic semiconductor photocatalytic material has more potential.