bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Muhammad Wasif Saleem  , Inayatullah  , Shazia Hashmat  , Alina Atif  , Syed Nudrat Nawaid Shah  , Kevin Joseph Jerome Borges
Published: November 2022

Background: Hematological derangements are among the common complications associated with HIV infection. HIV infection may affect any cell line causing, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leucopenia or may cause pancytopenia.Patients and Materials: This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from March 2020 to June 2020. Patients were diagnosed as HIV positive as per WHO criteria. Detailed medical history, physical examination, and investigations were conducted. Data was collected and analyzed on SPSS version 21.0.Results: Total 92 patients were selected for the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A consists of 48 control patients. Group B consists of 44 HIV – positive patients. Majority of patients belonged to reproductive age group (16 – 45 years) in both groups. Male to female ratio was higher (4:1) in both groups. Common clinical features among patients were fever (85%), weight loss (73%), anemia (35%) and oral thrush (19%) in Group B.Conclusion: Hematological abnormalities were present in presence of HIV infection as compared to control group. This may has significant effect on clinical outcome of the disease. So all the HIV- positive patients should be investigated for routine hematological evaluation.
Molecular Screening of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Clinical Sources
Authors: Sawsan Abdulhameed Jassim  , Muthanna Hamid Hassan
Published: November 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major pathogen responsiple for nosocomial infections in world hospitals . One of the causes for the drug resistance in the Klebsiella pneumoniae is the production of ESBls enzymes.This research documented TEM , SHV , and CTX-M for the first time among Klebsiella pneumoniae in Al-Anbar hospitals of Iraqi. All studied clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae (30) resistant- beta lactam from 100 isolates were collected from different clinicals sources such as (burned, wounds, sputum,and urine samples). The susceptibility to different antibiotics was tested by VITEK-2 system. The bla TEM , SHV , and CTX-M genes were detected by conventional PCR and the result showed 30/30 (100%) strains harbored these genes. This results showed the coexistence of these genes in one strains of K. pneumoniae, while indicated widespread ESBLs in Anbar, Iraq.
The Effect of Blood Groups and Nutritional Habits of Different Classifications of Referees on the Success of Turkish Football Management
Authors: Bekir MENDEŞ  , Abdullah BİNGÖLBALI  , Mehmet ŞENGÜL
Published: November 2022

Volunteer 247 football referees in the Turkish Professional Football Leagues were included in this study which aims to evaluate the effect of blood groups and nutritional habits of different classifications’ referees on the success of Turkish football management. After the demographic information (age, height, weight, education level and blood groups (based on their statements)) of the referees were taken, the total refereeing times, their classifications and their duration in their classifications, and their nutritional information habits were obtained with a questionnaire. Classification Trees Method was used to determine the factors affecting the success (classification) of the referees. The distribution of the blood groups of the referees did not differ significantly from the distribution of the general blood groups in our country. However, A RH + and 0 RH + blood groups were seen more frequently in the study group. It was determined that 86.7% of the referees with a service period of more than three years, whose blood groups were 0 Rh+ or 0 Rh-, were top classification assistant referees. In our study, it was determined that the classification and classification assistant referees did not acquire regular eating habits and observed that the level of nutrition knowledge increased with a rise toward the top classification. It can be said that these results indicate the need for nutrition education for football referees. Among the referees with a two-year period, 73.8% of those who skip meals and say I have no appetite/habit are working as classification referees, and 72.2% of those who say to lose weight working as assistant referees. 50% of those who eat 2 or 5 meals a day are classification assistant referees, and 66.7% of those who eat 3 or 6 meals a day are classification referees. It was seen that 66.6% of the three-year referees who were fed with meat meal, salad, dessert or pasta before the competition were classification and classification assistant referees, and 73.5% of those who were fed with food groups such as vegetable food, yoghurt, fruit, boiled meat or chicken, meat, meatballs, rice, compote were top classification assistant referees.In this study, it is thought that the factors affecting the success of the referees the most are their dietary habits and the duration of the refereeing, and some blood groups are thought to be effective on the success of the referees.
“Impurity Profile Study of Aspirin in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Forms”
Authors: Ashish K. Mullani  , Anuja S. Shinde  , Ganesh D. Mote  , Guruprasad V. Sutar  , Sachin J. Sajne  , Mahesh G. Saralaya  , Prakash I. Nargatti  , Nilesh M. Jangade
Published: November 2022

Aspirin is one of the most frequently used and cheapest drugs in medicine. It belongs to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet properties. Currently, it is accepted to prescribe a low dose of aspirin to pregnant women who are at high risk of preeclampsia (PE) because it reduces the onset of this complication. Drug produce degradation profiles essential to establish to monitor the stable formulation and provide appropriate drug shelf life valuation. Structural description of impurities and degeneracy production in bulk API has become integral part of pharmaceutical product development. The study of these minor leveled unidentified impurities and degradent are very challenging. Various regulatory bodies related International Council for Harmonisation, United States Food and Drug Administration.
IL-6 Level and the Risk of Arthritis after COVID Infection
Authors: Ana-Maria Pelin  , Liliana Mititelu-Tartau  , Ramona Oana Rosca  , Elena Niculet  , Nicoleta-Maricica Maftei  , Stefan Rosca  , Irina Claudia Anton  , Alin Tatu
Published: November 2022

We aimed to assess the prognosis on the onset of arthritis in the diabetic patient after severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods: The medical data of 10 patients with type 2 diabetes melitus, obese or overweight, hospitalized, in the interval between 1st of February and 31st of July 2021 at ``Saint Spyridon`` County Hospital Iasi, Romania for SARS-Cov-2 infection with were analyzed.Results: Although all the patients received treatment with tocilizumab 8 mg/kg body during 30 days, the blood analysis showed very high level of interleukins 6, and the joint painful symptoms continued to be manifested. The interleukins 6 serum level is higher and persistent in diabetic patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection, against the background of pre-existing chronic inflammation induced by diabetes, obesity and the glycemic imbalance. This renders the cytokine release syndrome difficult to control in the diabetic patients with severe infections, which leads to a higher hazard of interleukin 6 transcription errors. SARS-CoV-2 diabetic patients run the risk of developing long-term arthritis due to the uncontrolled, permanent synthesis of this cytokine.Conclusion: The immunologic modifications associated with the severe coronavirus infection acting on the predisposing genetic background (HLA-DR4/DR1), might underlie the onset of the arthritis on the long-term due to the exaggerated activation of IL-6 and the chronicity of the inflammation it generates. Studies shall be required that monitor on the long-term the diabetic patients surviving a severe Sars-CoV-2 infection as to the occurrence of the arthritis.
A STUDY ON CUSTOMERS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ONLINE TICKET BOOKING DURING COVID-19 WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITY
Authors: Dr. S. Renugadevi  , Dr. R. Sakthiprasath  , P. Kalaiselvi  , P. Ramakrishnan  , Dr. L. Senthil Kumar  , Dr. S. Gomathi
Published: November 2022

An online booking system works all the time. This gives freedom to potential visitors to book a room, ticket at anytime they want. It also maximises your sales because you are not limited to your working hours. An online booking system is a piece of a software used for reservation management. In fact, studies shows that a 24/7 online reservation system greatly increases the number of bookings. With the development in science and technology the usage of online ticket booking has been increased tremendously. Increase in online literacy encourages online ticket booking and customer buying behaviour. Highly demanded lifestyle, convenience, information wide, scarcity of time induces the customers to move from traditional ticket booking to online ticket booking. During Covid the need for online ticket booking increased among the general public since people were not ready to face the crowd and they were insisted about safety. That too during pandemic people were not ready to lose their safety and they were very much conscious about their hygiene. Hence the researchers made an attempt to study on customer attitude towards online ticket booking during COVID-19 with special reference to Coimbatore city. It was found that customer preferred online ticket booking for their convenience and they are satisfied with the online ticket booking in various factors.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE TEACHERS IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Dr. A. ANBAZHAGAN  , Dr. K.G. Selvan
Published: November 2022

Being a teacher is difficult. There are numerous causes, but there are also ways to help the teacher deal with them.One of the primary factors driving many teachers out of the profession is teacher stress. While teaching has always been stressful, it has become exacerbated by the difficulties that many educators have faced as a result of Covid-19. A whopping 60% of teachers reported being stressed. Due to stress, many educators are considering leaving for the first time or have already left the profession.The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that bring in stress. A convenient sampling technique was used in this study. A total of 220 teachers were included in the study who belonged to Chennai, Bangalore and Kerela states. A previously validated questionnaire named Brief Job Stress Questionnairewhich was adopted for the study. The results of the study revealthatout of the fiveconstructs – time spent outside of work, self-assessment ability, relationships between teachers, social interaction outside teaching and duties outside teaching, the stress is impacted by duties outside teaching and induces them to feel unproductive. This research examined the impact of various dimensions on the stress level of teachers.Confirmatory factor analysis extracted five factors: “Time spent outside of work,” “Self-assessment of one's ability as a teacher,” “Relationship with other teachers,” “Social interactions outside of teaching,” and “Duties outside of teaching.”Originality/value –This study helps to understand the level of stressencountered by teachers in colleges and to take corrective measures to mitigate the level of stress thereby enhancing the standards of working environment.
Cyber Security Application in ERP Implementation
Authors: Dr. Anita Pati Mishra  , Mani Dublish  , Dr. Devendra Kumar
Published: November 2022

Commercial procedure re-engineering is the fundamental reform of corporate procedures to complete affected enhancements in perilous parts like value, production, price, provision, and speediness. Commercial procedure reengineering methods lie at critical downcast venture prices and procedure repetition on a high vast measure. Commercial method re-developing is essential l to the design of commercial procedures to achieve affected enhancements in vital features are as excellence, productivity, price, provision, and speediness. Commercial method re-developing goals at scaling down venture prices also value repetition on an awfully large measure. BPR was a vital management idea from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. The idea is usually attributable to Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty member Michael Hammer and Babson faculty member Thomas Davenport. Hammer and Davenport started as colleagues, performing on an exploration program referred to as PRISM (Partnership for analysis in info Systems Management) Most businesses believe they won't experience a cyber security breach. But if you were being hacked right now, how would you ever know? The fact is that more than a million records were exposed in 12 distinct breaches in 2019 that affected ERP systems in the financial services, telecommunications, retail, education and even medical research industries. Their analysis efforts of security measures, which were sponsored by a number of the most important companies at the time, concerned developing an associate of nursing study model that may facilitate massive corporations’ benefit from recent advances in technology, as well as personal computers and therefore the web.
“THE IMPACTING FACTORS OF DIGITALIZATION ON HR, SCOPE FOR DIGITAL SKILLS AND RETENTION”
Authors: Ebnezer  , Dr. V. Krishna Priya
Published: November 2022

The Digitalization of HR has revolutionized the entire process of its operation across the globe. There is a notion that digitization substitutes human. Humans cannot be replaced through digitization. The customized technological support towards the HR sector is paving a way for both existing and future organization to switch over to a new or updated technical knowhow to achieve the targets of the organizations. The primary purpose of this paper is, to sift meticulously the impacting factors in digitalization on the human resource, which manifests digital skills to be collaborated with human resource, to appertain and accomplish its purpose. Incorporating digital HR will allow the organizations to accelerate to cloud hosted HR applications and platforms. The technology can intervene to improve the employee’s way of work, improve the employee’s productivity and satisfaction by retention.
Effects of Synchronous Music Intervention Duration on Maximal Aerobic Speedin Female Students of Physical Education Classes
Authors: Hanh, Le Thi My  , Tuan, Tran Minh  , Phan Danh Na  , Nguyen Van Bac  , Lim Boon Hooi
Published: November 2022

Music act as ergogenic aid able to enhance the physiological and psychological status of participants during sport-related activities and physical exercise. Music is used synchronously to accompany repetitive endurance tasks such as cycle ergometer, walking and running. Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS), defined as the minimum speed required to elicit maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) during a graded exercise test, has also been validated outside of the laboratory as a field test. Previous study calculated that the most suitable duration for measuring maximal aerobic speed by a field test was 5 min.For years, mostly the effects of music on cardiovascular endurance performance was related to volume; type and tempo of the music been studied. However, to the best of our knowledge there have been no studies to date that examined the effect of music intervention duration on maximal aerobic speed during the physical education classes. As such, the primary aim of this study was to assess and compare the Maximal Aerobic Speed between intervention duration groups with music. A total of 207 female students enrolled in the Physical Education courses at Saigon University were recruited in current study.They were randomly divided into three groups: Intervention group 1, with 15 weeks of synchronous music throughout the whole semester (69 students); intervention group 2 with 7 weeks of synchronous music (69 students); and a control group (69 students). Results revealed that there was no significant main effect of Group on overall MAS performance (F (1,204) =.86, p=.43, ηp2= .008). Descriptive statistics showed that the groups (15-week group: Mean=825.65, SD=64.61; 7-week group: Mean=827.10, SD=63.34) with music intervention performed better in MAS performance compared to the control group (Mean=806.38, SD=55.97). From looking at the graph we can see that all groups showed a similarly upward trend between Pre-Post Intervention. The results of this study revealed that popular music has no effect on MAS performance in the students attended the physical education classes for 15 weeks.
EFFECTS OF RUTIN AND CAFFEINE ON THE ABSORBABLE SUTURE MATERIALS
Authors: Amirtha varshini  , Dr. Rubin. S. john  , Dr. Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy  , Dr. Anju cecil
Published: November 2022

AIM: To assess the influence of rutin and caffeine on absorbable sutures.INTRODUCTION: Absorbable sutures are initially equal or superior to non absorbable sutures in terms of tensile strength but are absorbed,at variable rates by the action of hydrolysis (1). synthetic absorbable sutures have been recognised as an important step forward in the historymof suture materials. Synthetic absorbable sutures have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for almost all surgical uses with the exception of certain cardiovascular and neurological procedures (2). Many drinks, including coffee and tea, contain a significant amount of the purine alkaloid caffeine. Antioxidant effects of caffeine and its metabolites theobromine and xanthine have been demonstrated.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two resorbable sutures ( PGA and Vicryl) were used for the study. The suture materials were coated with rutin and caffeine and were subjected to Scanning electron microscopy, to assess the tensile strength, antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to the study, PGA had higher tensile strength than vicryl at day 14 and is a good suture if tensile strength is needed after that point. Rutin showed relatively higher antioxidant activity when compared to caffeine. caffeine showed good anti inflammatory activity.

CONCLUSION: On analysing the tensile strength, PGA suture shows greater tensile strength compared to vicryl suture.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE JOB SATISFACTION OF WOMEN EMPLOYEES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS – A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO CHENGALPET DISTRICT
Authors: Dr. P. Vijayashree  , Dr. K. MajiniJes Bella  , Dr. M. D. Ramyasri
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the employees’ job satisfaction in Chengalpet district. Specifically, this research aims to assess the impact of independent variables such as employee recognition, job security, rewards and employee job satisfaction, leadership and accountability as dependent variable.This article mainly focuses on the factors influencing job satisfaction of employees in Educational Institutions in Chengalpet District.
INFLUENCE OF RUTIN AND QUINIDINE ON ABSORBABLE SUTURES
Authors: Harini.B  , Dr.Rubin.S.John  , Dr.Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy  , Dr.Anju Cecil
Published: November 2022

Suture materials play an important role in healing of wounds, enabling reconstruction and reassembly of tissue separated by a surgical procedure or a trauma, and at the same time facilitating and promoting healing and haemostasis [1]. The success of the surgical treatment is influenced by the proper closure and stabilization of surgical wound margins.Silk, is the one of the earliest sutures used for centuries,but it has some disadvantages of contamination. .Now-a-days, Vicryl suturing material is the commonly used material in oral surgery, because it does not allow adherence of plaque and is well suited for handling.In this study, two suture materials are compared based on their properties when coated with Rutin and Quindine.Material and Methods:Two absorbable sutures ( vicryl and pga) were taken. The extraction of reserpine and rutin was done. Both the extracts were kept in two test tubes separately. The sample was sent to scanning electron microscopy, tensile strength ie.mechanical testing, degradation of ph 7.2 and ph 4.4, anti inflammatory and antioxidant activity was done. The results were placed in excel sheets and graphs were obtained.Results and discussion: Absorbable sutures are ideal for internal and deep wounds and generally one of them loses most of its tensile strength in 1 to 3 weeks and is fully absorbed within 3 months. In this study Vicryl and PGA was used and which was incorporated into rutin and reserpin. Vicryl and PGA sutures have shorter and longer-term stability.however, may be used for longer-term applications of wound closure, tendon repair and arthroplastyConclusion: The study demonstrated that the PGA were stronger and had greater tensile strength than the Vicryl. Rutin shows better anti inflammatory action and antioxidant property than Quinidine.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ANOPLOCEPHALIDEAN CESTODE PARASITE FROM CAPRA HIRCUS(L) IN SOLAPUR DISTRICT (M.S.) INDIA
Authors: ASHA BHOGIL  , AMOL THOSAR  , SUNITA BORDE
Published: November 2022

Cestode Parasite are collected from intestines of Capra hircus (L) in Solapur district (M.S.) India, were subjected to a complete parasitological examination. The present Cestode that is MonieziaSp. differ from all known species is having the scolex quadrangular, mature segments nearly four times broader than long, number of testes, shape of ovary, number of Inter proglottidal gland and their arrangement. In morphological data the Cestode is identified as confirmed to be representing Moniezia species in mammalian host goat. Identity of Cestode Parasites was confirmed through amplification and sequencing of COI- 5P gene marker (by molecular characterization) Phylogentic analysis of COI-5P gene marker of MoneiziaSp. showed that it is cladded with Monieziaexpansa.
REVERSE TRANSFORMATION IN THE PLAY “HAYAVADANA” BY GIRISH KARNAD
Authors: R. SIVARANJANI  , Dr. S. ESTHER ARULMANI
Published: November 2022

Well Eminent and versatile writer Girish Karnad’s third popular play in English is Hayavadana. This paper deals with the reverse transformation of the humans in the journey of completeness. Human failed to retain their identity in search of completeness while the animal succeeded in regaining its identity. The central theme- The story of Devadatta and Kapila’ is based on the tale from the Kathasaritsagara. But the main theme is borrowed from Thomas Man’s –The Transposed Heads. The horse regained its full form with its neigh in the end of the story and thus achieved its completeness. On the other hand, the child retained its human smile and become a complete human-being. The Hayavadana was happy to become a full animal while the humans Kapila and Devadatta lost their lives without attaining their completeness. Padmini also unsatisfied with the end result and performed sati. Darwin’s theory says that humans are evolved from Animals. But in Hayavadana, the human attains the animal form in reverse transformation. The mother of Hayavadana loved the horse and got married to it. When he became a human being, she rejected to accept him. So she was cursed to become a horse. She was happy to lose her identity as a human and ready to become a horse. Her love for a horse made her a horse and thus she achieved her completeness. Hayavadhana wanted to attain its completeness whether it will be a horse or may be a human. At-last he became a complete horse but with a human voice. The son of Padmini exchanged his neigh with Hayavadana’s human voice. Thus the mother and her son Hayavadana achieved completeness in reverse transformation by becoming a horse.
Philosophical an histological assessment of diclofenac sodium on the liver of local rabbits
Authors: Rusul Saeed Jasim  , Ali Khudheyer Obayes  , Asmaa Hasan Jomaa
Published: November 2022

The current Study was done to show the physiological and histological defect at different doses of diclofenac sodium on livers of Rabbits. Twenty rabbits was divided into four groups the therapiutic group (T) , over does group1 (T1), over dose group2 (T2) and control group each group was injected intraperitoneally by (2 , 20 , 50 mg/km) respectively and Distilled water, respectively for 14 days, at the fourteen day of experiment all animals were sacrificed, blood sample collected and liver was fixed immediately in 10% formalin for histological preparation and obtained serum for physiological test. There was no significant difference at the level of (0.05 <P) in the effectiveness of the Alanine aminotranseferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotranseferase and gamma-glutamate transferase (GGT) in the serum of male rabbits in the T group and T1 group compared to the control group. Microscopic examination of the liver tissue in T group showed the presence of degeneration of hepatocytes and swelling of hepatocytes. showed edematous cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells in sinusoids in T1 group. In T2 group it showed colloid appearance in blood vessel, disappear of sinusoid, cell degeneration, degeneration of tunic cells of blood vessels.
POSITION AND BELIEFS OF OKONKWO IN PRECOLONIAL AND COLONIAL TIMES: ANALYZING THE CONFLICT OF OPINION AND DIFFERENCE IN BELIEFS BETWEEN OKONKWO AND THE CHANGING IBO SOCIETY IN THINGS FALL APART
Authors: Rimzim Saikia
Published: November 2022

In Things Fall Apart the readers get to know about a few Ibo societies of both the precolonial and colonial times. The protagonist of the novel Okonkwo is shown to have different viewpoints regarding the society of his fatherland, Umuofia of the precolonial and colonial times. He respected and lived by the rules of the society in the precolonial times but after the arrival of the colonizers, there could be seen emergence of different viewpoints and opinions between Okonkwo and the larger society. The society changed a lot as a result of the arrival of the colonizers who brought rules and regulations that were not always beneficial to the society. As Okonkwo found it hard to understand the changing nature of the society and also at times because of holding a different viewpoint than the other tribesmen regarding various ideas and issues like revenge, violence etc. along with regarding the colonizers, he had to suffer which ultimately led to his end.
UNVEILING THE APOPTOTIC POTENTIAL OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON HUMAN COLON CARCINOMA HT29 CELLS
Authors: C. RANJITH KUMAR  , DR. SUDHA RAMAIAH  , DR. ANANDANBARASU
Published: November 2022

The synthesis of nanoparticles is an essential element of nanotechnology, because of its potential for use in chemotherapies, the interest in this area of research is expanding. For the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, the chemical reduction technique was used. According to these investigations, the particles have an average size of 16 nm and are mainly spherical in shape. Additionally, A dose-dependent cytotoxicity was also shown by the produced AgNPs against a human colon cancer cell line (HT29). At 72 hours of incubation, it was discovered that the inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for HT29 cells were 48.12 g/ml. The use of AO/EtBr labelling demonstrated an apoptotic induction. The current findings clearly suggested that HT29 cell lines treated with AgNPs would exhibit anticancer activity.
Case Study: Risk Assessment of Indian Pulse processing firms using FMEA Techniques – Evidence from selected states of India
Authors: Mandavi Sahu  , Dr Sapna Arora
Published: November 2022

The pulse value chain played significant role in agriculture and other industry sector such as food , pharma industry. The pulse value chain consists of sequences of business activities that perform significant activities, from primary production transformation into the final product to marketing for final consumption to the consumer. Pulse value chain develops different framework structures for developing competitive business strategy development to identify the significant constraints in a compressive manner. However, pulse processing firms face many risks, i.e., production risk, operation risk, supply risk, etc., which hampers the growth of these firms. The paper aims to identify pulse processing firms' risk factors and measure the severity of the risk. The risk assessment of pulses processing firms creates the opportunity for continuous quality improvement of the pulse value chain, and their performance also develops quality up gradation of pulse processed food. The present study is based on 25 pulse processing firms selected firms from the states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Delhi/NCR. The study applied FMEA (Failure mode Effect Analysis) and Pareto Analysis to identify the potential risk and determine their severity index with the help of the Pareto analysis chart, and applied the ANOVA method to generate the frequency of F- the value of risk factors impact on pulse firms understand the level of significance of risk factors.
Hairy Tongue and Associated Risk Factors among Outpatients in Faculty Dentistry of Damascus University: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dania Sawan  , Ammar Mashlah  , Abeer Aljoujou  , Mazen D Doumani
Published: November 2022

Aim: The term hairy tongue was first coined by Amatus Lusitanus in the year 1557 as self-renewing hairs on the tongue. It is characterized by the presence of elongated filiform papillae of the dorsum of the tongue, which gives a hairy appearance, depends on two components: elongated filiform papillae and discoloration of the dorsal tongue as the result of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The hair-like projections in hairy tongue are thought to develop from a lack of adequate desquamation on the dorsal tongue. This prevents the breakdown of keratin layers on the dorsal tongue leads to their accumulation, known as hyperkeratosis. This occurs on the tips of the filiform papillae and leads to their elongation to be a suitable environment for bacterial growth by trapping microscopic food particles and bacteria themselves to thrive on the fermentation of amino acids and produce porphyrins, resulting in a black or brown color.Materials and Methods: The study design was case - control sample, among patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine at the Faculty of Dentistry at Damascus University during the period from February 2021 to January 2022.Patients (n = 20). Individuals with hairy tongue were included in the study. Tongue examination was performed according to WHO clinically without biopsy, then data were collected through the attached questionnaire in both case and control groups. It included demographic information and complete history of the patients. Results: We found that the prevalence of hairy tongue increased with male gender, and was more common with fissured tongue 15%, we reported 70% of hairy tongue patients had the lesion in the posterior third of the tongue. There was a true statistically significant correlation between the hairy tongue and predisposing as 70% smoking, 80% poor oral hygiene, 20% use oxidizing mouthwashes, 45% xerostomia and 30% use antibiotics for a long time. Although we reported 90% of hairy tongue patients had no pain, but we recorded 35% had a metallic taste and tickling sensations, 25% had burning sensation, and 55% had halitosis. There was not real statistically significant correlation between the colour of the hairy tongue and gender but on the other hand we showed that 30% black hairy tongue patients were smokers, 45% brown hairy tongue patients drank large amount of tea and coffee, and 25% creamy hairy tongue patients used medications.Conclusion: To conclude, hairy tongue is an asymptomatic condition involving the posterior third of the tongue, which can be easily diagnosed by clinical examination and triggered by predisposing factors. A thorough detailed history is always necessary to obtain an accurate diagnosis to investigate the risk factors for establishing the successful treatment of hairy tongue.
War Optimization Method for Image Encryption Algorithm Based on A Chaotic Bit-Plane Decomposition
Authors: S. Kaliswaran , M. Y. Mohamed Parvees
Published: November 2022

In this paper, develop image encryption algorithm based on a chaotic bit-plane decomposition and optimization algorithm of a War Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Initially, utilization of SHA-256 hash algorithm for computing the plaintext images hash parameter as initial parameter of the fractional Lorenz hyperchaotic system after the process. Use the chaotic sequence for permuting plaintext image in a bit plane to achieve the scrambled images. After that, block the scrambles image into four sub images of similar size and count the hash parameter of every row of every block through the SHA-256 hash algorithm as the initial parameter of the Sine-Tent Logistic chaotic system. Utilize the achieved chaotic sequence to substitute the images. After that, the four sub-block images to get the last encrypted image and the population can be achieved. At last, utilization information entropy of ciphertext images as the fitness function of WOA. Choose the ciphertext image with the optimal information entropy of ciphertext images as the fitness function of the WOA. Select the ciphertext image with the best information entropy from the population as the optimal encrypted image, and then, return the position value of the best war source meanwhile. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB and performance is analyzed with performance metrices. The proposed method is compared with the conventional techniques.
ASSESSMENT OF MICRO ESTHETICS IN PATIENTS REPORTING FOR ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
Authors: Srijan Sunar  , A.Sumathi Felicita  , Prasanna Arvind T.R
Published: November 2022

Background: Patients today seeking esthetic treatment are looking for enhancement of their appearance for improved quality of life. We advocate the use of the term “appearance” in conjunction with the term “esthetics'' because it involves a broader assessment of the patient other than the smile. So, in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning we have created an approach in evaluation divided into three divisions:1 Macro Esthetics—this includes the profile, vertical facial dimensions—in other words—the face. (2)Mini Esthetics—the smile attributes—buccal corridors, smile arc, incisor display, etc. (3) Micro esthetics—the teeth and their many attributes such as contacts and connectors, embrasures, gingival shape and contour.Aim: The aim of this is to the micro esthetics in patients reporting for orthodontic treatment in Saveetha Dental College.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective clinical study carried out at Saveetha Dental College, Chennai. This study involves the assessment of micro esthetics in patients reporting for orthodontics treatment. The data were taken over a period of 2 years from June 2019 to February 2021. The sample/data were retrieved based on micro esthetics , crown length and width ratio, gingival embrasures, midline, tooth shape.Results: According to the study 66% of the individuals had different crown length and crown width ratio and 34% of individuals had the same crown length and crown width ratio. Most of the patients had midline deviations.Conclusion: Within the limits of the study most of the patients have micro esthetic assessment after orthodontic treatment.
CORRELATION BETWEEN UPPER LIP MORPHOLOGY AND PROCLINATION OF ANTERIOR TEETH IN PATIENTS REPORTING FOR ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
Authors: Bondada Venkata Mani Anirudh  , A. Sumathi Felicita  , Prasanna Arvind T.R.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is performed to enhance one's aesthetics and morphological harmony and also to improve the function of the oral and maxillofacial region. Soft tissue analysis has always been an integral important part of diagnosis and treatment planning. Lip position has become one among the foremost important soft tissue analysis because it influences the occlusion, tooth stability and facial aesthetics. The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between upper lip morphology and proclination of anterior teethMaterials and methods: It is a single centered retrospective study conducted in a private dental institution in Chennai. The samples were taken from the patients who reported to the dental outpatient department from June 2019 to February 2021. The patient records were reviewed and analyzed. Inclusion criteria included age, gender, lip competency and lip length and proclination of anterior teeth. Proclination of teeth and lip competency were all done through photographic evaluation. Patients in the age group of 18-25 years, with proclination of teeth in the upper arch and class I malocclusion were selected. A total of 513 patients were included in the study.Results and discussion: A total of 513 patients' data were collected according to the criteria. Out of 513 patients 45%(238) were males and (54.2%) 278 were females. Patients in the age group of 18-25 years were selected. However, most of the patients concentrated within a small range with the highest percentage being 24 years(15.6%) and 22 years(15.6%) followed by 23 years(14.8%). 57.7% patients had competent lips, 30.8% had incompetent lips and 11.5% had potentially competent lips. 64.3% of patients had short lip and 35.7% had normal lip length. Class I malocclusion and proclination in the maxilla were seen in all 513 patients. Chi square test was done to assess the relationship between lip competency and Lip length (p<0.05 was considered statistically significant).Conclusion: According to our study it was suggestive that there is a relationship between the upper lip morphology and proclination of anterior teeth.
INCIDENCE OF SUPERNUMERARY TEETH IN UCLP PATIENTS VISITING SAVEETHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL
Authors: B. Vivek Babu  , Arvind Sivakumar  , A. Sumathi Felicita  , Prasanna Arvind T.R.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common orofacial congenital malformation in live births. CLP can occur individually or in combination with other congenital deformities. Affected patients experience a number of dental, aesthetic, speech, hearing, and psychological complications and have a higher incidence of severe dental conditions.Aim: The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of supernumerary teeth in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.Materials and Method: A cross sectional retrospective study of, study population will 28 patients visiting Saveetha Dental College and Hospital with oral Candidiasis. Their antibiotic prescription was found. The data was tabulated and analyzed. SPSS by IBM was used for data analysisResult: From the conducted study we see that there was less incidence of supernumerary teeth in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients out of 28 of them only 2 of them had a supernumerary teeth (7.1%) and 26 of them did not have supernumerary teeth or hyperdontia (92.9%), maybe there are probability of hypodontia.Conclusion: There is a less incidence of supernumerary teeth on unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Since the OPG for pediatric patients cannot be taken so identification of supernumerary teeth is difficult.
INCIDENCE OF DEEP BITE IN DENTAL CLASS 1 PATIENTS WITH VERTICAL MAXILLARY EXCESS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
Authors: M.Ovia  , Naveen Kumar  , Shweta Nagesh
Published: November 2022

Deep bite / Deep overbite is excessive vertical overlapping of mandibular incisors by the maxillary incisors in a centric occlusion. The incisal edges of the lower teeth should contact slightly at or above the cingulum of the upper teeth, which would be approximating 1-3mm overbite. Deep bite is the most common malocclusion in children and adults. The excessive overbite is a complex orthodontic problem that may involve a particular group of teeth or whole dentition or maxilla and mandible. This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried at the UG students clinic and Department of orthodontics. Case records of all the cases were tabulated and after applying the inclusion criteria 19 case records with Class 1 dental occlusion patients with vertical maxillary excess were collected. This data was tabulated and analysed in SPSS and descriptive statistics were performed. The results gave information that 68% of them were females showing high female predilection. Age limit was not mentioned because people of all ages were included in the study. Results showed less male predilection with 32% than females. The study concluded that most of the Female patients were incident to Deep bite in Dental Class 1 with vertical maxillary excess seeking orthodontic treatment. It is widely accepted that correction of deep bite is easier to accomplish and more stable when done on growing patients than those with no appreciable growth remaining. Adults often need only correction of excessive overbite either due to its isolated nature or a demand for limited treatment. In adults, this treatment is often part of periodontal, restorative or temporomandibular joint therapy.
Skeletal discrepancies in patients with skeletal class 2 malocclusion treated at a private dental hospital - an OP report
Authors: Chris Noel Timothy  , Swapna Sreenivasagan  , Shantha Sundari
Published: November 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with class 2 skeletal malocclusion in a private dental hospital had skeletal discrepancies.Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study, and the dental information archiving software was used to collect all the data from the patients who attended the dental clinics at Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Chennai, India (DIAS). March 2020 through March 2021 saw the collection of patient records. We gathered and tabulated the data. The gathered data underwent additional processing, was entered into Microsoft Excel, and then went through statistical analysis using IBM SPSS statistics analyzer v.23.0.Results: The current study used a total sample size of 88950 patients. Skeletal class 2 malocclusion was seen in 0.01 percent of cases overall. The data in this study was examined for the occurrence of different skeletal inconsistencies. Results were satisfactory and showed that there were skeletal differences. A gender bias was evident, with 50.4 percent of the sample population being female. Mandibular deficit was the most frequent skeletal discrepancy, and class 2 div 1 dental malocclusion was most frequently detected.Conclusion: Mandibular deficit was shown to be the most common skeletal discrepancy within the constraints of the current investigation, and a substantial correlation between the skeletal discrepancies and the gender of the study group was found.
COMPARISON OF MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR ARCH FORM IN CLASS I, CLASS II AND CLASS III PATIENTS REPORTING FOR TREATMENT
Authors: Inchara. R  , A.Sumathi Felicita  , Arya S Prasad
Published: November 2022

Background: - Archforms play an important role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Limitations for tooth movement, especially for incisor retraction arise from the basal bone where teeth are rooted. If teeth move excessively over the alveolar bone, periodontal complications and unstable treatment effects, even the tooth exfoliation may occur. The aim of this study is to compare the maxillary and mandibular arch forms of class I, class II, class III patients reporting for treatment in Saveetha dental college and hospitals, Chennai, Tamil nadu from June 2019 to January 2021.Materials and method: - It is a single centered retrospective study conducted in a private dental institution, Chennai. The data of patients reporting was collected from the dental hospital management system and the arch form was compared. Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Institutional review board. Statistical analysis was obtained using SPSS version 20.Results:-The results showed that there is no significant correlation in maxillary and mandibular arch forms among Angle’s Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion. Class I occlusal relationship was the most common class of malocclusion followed by Class II malocclusion. Ovoid arch was more common in class I, Class II, Class III malocclusion. Conclusion: - Within the study limits, it was concluded that Class I occlusal relationship was the most common class of malocclusion followed by Class II. Ovoid arch was more common in class I, Class II, Class III malocclusion followed by v-shaped and square arch forms in class I and class III and V-shaped arch was more prominent in class II patients.
PREVALENCE OF CLASS III SKELETAL PATTERN AMONG PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
Authors: K. THIRUMAGAL  , NAVEEN KUMAR  , PRASANNA ARVIND T.R.
Published: November 2022

AIM: The aim of the study is found prevalence of class 3 skeletal pattern among patients seeking orthodontic treatmentINTRODUCTION: Class III jaw relationship suggests that the mandible acquired a more mesial position in relation to maxilla or cranial base. Its prevalence varies greatly among and within different races, ethnic groups, and geographic regions. Class III malocclusion has a multifactorial aetiology, which is the expression of a moderate distortion of normal development as a result of interaction between innate factors or genetic hereditary with environmental factors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was planned with data collection from June 2019 to February 2021 in a university setup. We reviewed the patient’s records and analyzed the data of 86000 patients. The data report includes patient details like gender, age and diagnosis. The records were manually verified by 2 reviewers and the data was tabulated in the Excel sheet followed by statistical analysis using SPSS software (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) in IBM and chi-square tests were performed.RESULTS: Total subject population was 86 in the age range of 11-70 years, males were (67.4%) and females were (32.5%), the majority of patients were in the 11-20 years age group. Mandibular excess was 26.7% highest in skeletal malocclusion among 11-20 years of age group and 40.7% in Males compared to females.CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of our study, it can be concluded that male have higher skeletal class III when compared with females and the most common age group affected by skeletal class III was under the age range of (11-20) years.
Prevalence of Spacing Malocclusion in Local Population Visiting a Dental College
Authors: A. Shamaa Anjum  , Swapna Sreenivasagan  , Shantha Sundari K.K
Published: November 2022

CONTEXT: Malocclusion can be defined as one in which the arches do not line up properly in any of the planes or one in which the position of the teeth deviates from the norm. Spacing in adults might been have inherited, acquired, or functional factors.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of spacing in a particular South Indian community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from patients who visited a private teaching hospital served as the basis for this investigation. By looking over medical records, data was gathered, and the data was then analysed.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to the current study, between the ages of 21 and 40, there were more men (60.6%) than women (39.35%). In the younger adult age group, previous dental extraction (35.89 percent) was the most frequent cause of spacing (21-40 years). Males outnumbered females (81.74 percent) in the age range of 41 to 60. (18.26 percent ). It is clear that periodontitis (43 percent) accounted for the majority of spacing issues among adults (41-60 years). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the many etiologies of spacing in two various age groups. According to the data, patients between the ages of 21 and 60 most frequently had their teeth extracted for periodontitis and caries.