bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Intra-articular Antibiotic Injection Reduces Infection in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Lovallo Jeffrey L. , Murray Ryan S. , Wiesel Brent B. , Curley Andrew J. , Conroy Christine M. , Johnson Douglass C.
Published: February 2023

Deep infection is a debilitating complication after shoulder arthroplasty. The authors hypothesized that an intra-articular, intraoperative injection of antibiotics would result in a lower infection rate compared with intravenous antibiotics alone. Before 2007, 164 patients (group A) did not receive intra-articular antibiotics. From 2007 to 2018, 1324 patients (group B) received intra-articular antibiotics. Patients received intra-articular gentamicin at the end of surgery with the addition of 1 g of cefazolin in January 2014. Records were retrospectively reviewed for comorbidities, type of surgery, and infection. The cohort that received intra-articular antibiotics was compared with the cohort that did not to determine the effect of prophylactic intra-articular antibiotic administration in preventing infection. There was 1 deep infection in the antibiotic group compared with 5 in the non-antibiotic group (
P
<.001). Superficial infections developed in 2 cases of patients treated with antibiotics; there were no superficial infections in patients treated without antibiotics (
P
=.62). One previous study evaluated intra-articular injection of antibiotics for shoulder arthroplasty and found significantly lower rates of infection with the injection of intra-articular gentamicin. In this retrospective follow-up study, the injection of intra-articular gentamicin or gentamicin and cefazolin effectively decreased rates of postoperative infection. At mean follow-up of 399 days, intra-articular antibiotics at the time of surgery resulted in significantly fewer deep infections. Given the minimal risk of adverse events and minimal cost, this is a valid method of reducing infections in total shoulder arthroplasty. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(5):310–314.]
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopedic Surgery Residency Training
Authors: Amin Vibhatsu , Otero Katie , Ippolito Joseph , Shaffer Lynn , Rink Cameron , Luu Kelvin , Beebe Kathleen , Hwang John
Published: February 2023

This study sought to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopedic surgery residency training across the United States. A 26-question online survey was created and sent to all orthopedic surgery residency programs across the United States. Areas of emphasis in the survey included the pandemic's effect on work hours, operative experience, didactics, and medical student recruitment. There were 142 respondents to the survey. One hundred seventeen (82.4%) respondents stated that their residency changed to an alternative/surge schedule during the pandemic. Regarding the degree to which the pandemic affected their training, 77 (54.2%) respondents gave a rating of 8 to 10 on a scale of 0 to 10. Similarly, 94 (66.2%) residents indicated that their operative experience had decreased significantly. Twenty-two (15.5%) residents expected that their next year clinical abilities would not be affected. One hundred thirty-seven (96.5%) residents stated their program transitioned to online didactics. Responses regarding the effectiveness of online didactics were mixed. One hundred twenty-six (88.7%) respondents stated the pandemic would negatively affect the 2021 National Residency Matching Program match. This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected orthopedic surgery residency training in the United States. Resident operative experience decreased significantly, and most respondents indicated a switch to online didactics. Effects were also felt to extend to fourth-year scheduling and the 2021 National Residency Matching Program match. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(5):315–319.]
Certain new applications of Faber polynomial expansion for some new subclasses of $ \upsilon $-fold symmetric bi-univalent functions associated with $ q $-calculus
Authors: Khan Mohammad Faisal
Published: February 2023

In this article, we define the $ q $-difference operator and Salagean $ q $-differential operator for $ \upsilon $-fold symmetric functions in open unit disk $ \mathcal{U} $ by first applying the concepts of $ q $-calculus operator theory. Then, we considered these operators in order to construct new subclasses for $ \upsilon $-fold symmetric bi-univalent functions. We establish the general coefficient bounds $ |a_{\upsilon k+1}| $ for the functions in each of these newly specified subclasses using the Faber polynomial expansion method. Investigations are also performed on Feketo-Sezego problems and initial coefficient bounds for the function $ h $ that belong to the newly discovered subclasses. To illustrate the relationship between the new and existing research, certain well-known corollaries of our main findings are also highlighted.
Dynamic analysis of a phytoplankton-fish model with the impulsive feedback control depending on the fish density and its changing rate
Authors: Cheng Huidong , Xu Hui , Fu Jingli
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes and studies a comprehensive control model that considers fish population density and its current growth rate, providing new ideas for fishing strategies. First, we established a phytoplankton-fish model with state-impulse feedback control based on fish density and rate of change. Secondly, the complex phase sets and impulse sets of the model are divided into three cases, then the Poincar$ \acute{\mbox{e}} $ map of the model is defined and its complex dynamic properties are deeply studied. Furthermore, some necessary and sufficient conditions for the global stability of the fixed point (order-$ 1 $ limit cycle) have been provided even for the Poincar$ \acute{\mbox{e}} $ map. The existence conditions for periodic solutions of order-$ k $($ k \ge 2 $) are discussed, and the influence of dynamic thresholds on system dynamics is shown. Dynamic thresholds depend on fish density and rate of change, i.e., the form of control employed is more in line with the evolution of biological populations than in earlier studies. The analytical method presented in this paper also plays an important role in analyzing impulse models with complex phase sets or impulse sets.
Adaptive fixed-time stabilization for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yao Jianli , Tian Jie , Yu Jiangbo
Published: February 2023

Finite-time stability (FTS) has attained great interest in nonlinear control systems in recent two decades. Fixed-time stability (FxTS) is an improved version of FTS in consideration of its settling time independent of the initial values. In this article, the adaptive fixed-time stabilization issue is studied for a kind of nonlinear systems with nonlinear parametric uncertainties and uncertain control coefficients. Using the adaptive estimate and the adding one power integrator (AOPI) design tool, we propose a two-phase control strategy, which makes that the system states tend to the origin in fixed-time, and other signals are bounded on $ [0, +\infty) $. We prove the main results by means of the recently developed fixed-time Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, we apply the proposed adaptive fixed-time stabilizing control strategy into the pendulum system, and the simulation results verify the efficacy of the presented method.
Stratégie d’une junior minière française face au « risque social » : le cas du projet Fonts-Bouillants
Authors: Reys Aurélien , Berre Sylvain Le , Gunzburger Yann , Jammes Laurent
Published: February 2023

La question du risque social, c’est-à-dire de l’opposition des populations locales, se pose désormais comme l’un des enjeux majeurs pour tout projet d’exploration ou d’exploitation des ressources du sous-sol. En France, les mouvements de protestation à leur encontre contrarient depuis plus d’une décennie la relance minière souhaitée par l’État et les acteurs du secteur. Cet article propose d’examiner la trajectoire de l’un de ces projets qui se développe jusqu’à ce jour sans faire l’objet de mobilisations sociales ou de résistances locales. Situé dans le département de la Nièvre, il concerne des gisements gazeux constitués d’hélium et de gaz carbonique et est porté par une compagnie minière française junior récemment créée. L’analyse est conduite au prisme d’une grille de lecture qui cherchait à évaluer ce risque pour plusieurs projets miniers au Canada. Cette recherche offre, tout d’abord, l’occasion de revisiter cette grille en mettant en miroir les contextes miniers canadien et français, ce dernier étant marqué par un fort déclin depuis les années 1990. Elle permet également d’identifier les principales raisons du succès, à ce jour, du projet minier étudié : ses faibles impacts directs sur l’environnement et une stratégie de communication efficace de l’entreprise reposant en grande partie sur une approche marketing de type storytelling. Les dynamiques de co-construction sont à ce stade inexistantes, principalement en raison de parties prenantes locales qui ne souhaitent pas jouer un autre rôle que celui de simples partenaires dans le développement du projet.
Articulation territoriale des instruments de protection et de gestion des espaces et ressources naturelles. Comparaison des Parcs naturels régionaux et des Espaces naturels sensibles français.
Authors: Carlier Estelle , Lajarge Romain
Published: February 2023

L’extension des aires naturelles protégées réclamée et la nécessité d’une gestion plus précautionneuse des ressources naturelles obligent à penser une meilleure articulation des instruments et outils environnementaux existants. Parmi eux, les Parcs naturels régionaux (PNR) et les Espaces naturels sensibles (ENS) représentent des exemples emblématiques de deux familles différentes d’intervention (contractuelle et réglementaire) qui entrecroisent préoccupation de protection des espaces naturels et gestion des ressources naturelles pour le développement territorial. Après avoir analysé leurs principes et méthodes à l’aune de leurs résultats après plusieurs décennies d’existence, cet article propose d’envisager les conditions d’une meilleure interaction entre eux et d’en mesurer l’intérêt et les limites. L’hypothèse suivie ici consiste à considérer que la triple nécessité d’une transcalarité, d’une extraterritorialité et d’une approche multi-partenariale est une de ces conditions. PNR et ENS participent au processus de territorialisation des ressources naturelles. S’ils opèrent conjointement, leurs différences gommées par le facteur territorial, ils œuvrent à faire advenir des communs territoriaux, et donc à dépasser les catégories et oppositions habituelles entre public et privé. Cette troisième catégorie d’action territorialisée en commun ne pourrait alors que renforcer les objectifs quantitatifs et qualitatifs de la stratégie nationale française pour les aires protégées adoptée en janvier 2021.
Reseña: La secularización en España. Rupturas y cambios religiosos desde la sociología histórica
Authors: Briones Soto Boris
Published: February 2023

Reseña del libro: Ruiz Andrés, R. (2022). La secularización en España. Rupturas y cambios religiosos desde la sociología histórica.Madrid: Cátedra, España, pp. 321.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A HELICAL SAVONIUS ROTOR WITHOUT SHAFT AT 45° TWIST ANGLE USING CFD
Authors: Deb Bachu , Gupta Rajat , Misra R.D.
Published: February 2023

Helical Savonius rotor exhibits better performance characteristics at all the rotor angles compared to conventional Savonius rotor. However studies related to the performance measurement and flow physics of such rotor are very scarce. Keeping this in view, in this paper, a three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis using commercial Fluent 6.2 software was done to predict the performance of a two-bucket helical Savonius rotor without shaft and with end plates in a complete cycle of rotation. A two-bucket helical Savonius rotor having height of 60 cm and diameter of 17 cm with 45° bucket twist angle was designed using Gambit. The buckets were connected at the top and bottom circular end plates, which are 1.1 times the rotor diameter. The k-ε turbulence model with second order upwind discretization scheme was adopted with standard wall condition. Power coefficients (Cp) and torque coefficients (Ct) at different tip speed ratios were evaluated at different rotor angles. From the investigation, it was observed that power coefficient increased with increase of tip speed ratio up to an optimum limit, but then decreased even further tip speed ratio was increased. Further investigation was done on the variations of Cp & Ct in a complete cycle of rotation from 0° to 360° in a step of 45° rotor corresponding to the optimum tip speed ratio. The value of Cp at all the rotor angles is positive. Moreover, velocity magnitude contours were analyzed for each rotor angle and it could be concluded that high aerodynamic torque and power can be expected when the rotor is positioned at 45º & 90º with respect to incoming flow.
EVALUATION OF NEW TOWNS CONSTRUCTION IN THE AROUND OF TEHRAN MEGACITY
Authors: Zali Nader , Hatamzadeh Sajjad , Azadeh Seyed Reza , Salmani Taravat Ershadi
Published: February 2023

Rapid pace of urbanization which has affected third world countries is a by-product of the post-1945 period. In most developing countries like Iran, spatial population distribution is not balanced, leading to the deficiencies in services, hygiene, formation of slums, and etc. To balance those patterns in the country, different strategies have been applied, one of which is the construction of new cities. This study aims to examine the role of new cities in balancing spatial population distribution in Tehran province. For this purpose, first, the changes in the population of Iran and its urban mechanisms are studied; then, the performances of new towns in previous decades are examined. To analyze data and investigate the role of new cities, entropy coefficient model was used. The results showed that new towns of Tehran have not affected population overflow and deconcentration successfully; as a result, urban officials need to revise construction policies in those cities.
RETROFITTING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS USING FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP) COMPOSITES – A REVIEW
Authors: Aravind Namasivayam , Samanta Amiya K. , Singha Roy D. K. , Thanikal Joseph V.
Published: February 2023

Rehabilitation and strengthening of old structures using advanced materials is a contemporary research in the field of Structural Engineering. During past two decades, much research has been carried out on shear and flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using different types of fibre reinforced polymers and adhesives. Strengthening of old structures is necessary to obtain an expected life span. Life span of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures may be reduced due to many reasons, such as deterioration of concrete and development of surface cracks due to ingress of chemical agents, improper design and unexpected external lateral loads such as wind or seismic forces acting on a structure, which are also the reasons for failure of structural members. The superior properties of polymer composite materials like high corrosion resistance, high strength, high stiffness, excellent fatigue performance and good resistance to chemical attack etc., has motivated the researchers and practicing engineers to use the polymer composites in the field of rehabilitation of structures. This paper reviews fourteen articles on rehabilitation of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The paper reviews the different properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites and adhesives, influence of dimensions of beams and loading rate causing failure. The paper proposes an enhanced retrofitting technique for flexural members and to develop a new mathematical model.
AN ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES SITUATION IN THE EAST AZARBAIJAN PROVINCE, IRAN
Authors: Zali Nader , Ahmadi Hassan , Faroughi Seyed Mohammadreza
Published: February 2023

The regional disparity in Iran is now a matter of serious concern. Measuring development has been a matter of debate for nearly half a century. The conventional way of assessing development by social and economic indicators only has been challenged many times during this period. Accelerated urbanization in developing countries and the concentration of activities and population in some regions, have led to regional imbalances. This is one of the important characteristics of the third world countries. This characteristics is affected by pole growth policies that have led to a concentration of facilities in one or more of several regions. In this case, regional planning science offers beneficial patterns to resolve problems. The first step is the identification of socio-economical disparities in these regions. However, this article attempts to survey development disparities in the East Azarbaijan province. In this survey 44 indicators were selected for the comparison of the counties, and the Numeric Taxonomic & Cluster Analysis methods were used to rank the regions. Finally this article presents priority of counties for investment in order to achieve social justice. According to the results of this research the west area of the province is prosperous and east area has a low degree of development.
A REVIEW ON EFFICACIOUS METHODS TO DECOLORIZE REACTIVE AZO DYE
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Josephraj , Sardhar Basha S. J. , Jegan Joe
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with the intensive review of reactive azo dye, Reactive Black 5. Various physicochemical methods namely photo catalysis, electrochemical, adsorption, hydrolysis and biological methods like microbial degradation, biosorption and bioaccumulation have been analyzed thoroughly along with the merits and demerits of each method. Among these various methods, biological treatment methods are found to be the best for decolorization of Reactive Black 5. With respect to dye biosorption, microbial biomass (bacteria, fungi, microalgae, etc), and outperformed macroscopic materials (seaweeds, crab shell, etc.) are used for decolorization process. The use of living organisms may not be an option for the continuous treatment of highly toxic organic/inorganic contaminants. Once the toxicant concentration becomes too high or the process operated for a long time, the amount of toxicant accumulated will reach saturation. Beyond this point, an organism's metabolism may be interrupted, resulting in death of the organism. This scenario is not existed in the case of dead biomass, which is flexible to environmental conditions and toxicant concentrations. Thus, owing to its favorable characteristics, biosorption has received much attention in recent years.
FLOW VELOCITY AND SURFACE TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT FROM URBAN CANOPY SURFACES BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors: Pillai Sivaraja Subramania , Yoshie Ryuichiro
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the effect of flow velocity and building surface temperature effects on Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient (CHTC) from urban building surfaces by numerical simulation. The thermal effects produced by geometrical and physical properties of urban areas generate a relatively differential heating and uncomfortable environment compared to rural regions called as Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena. The urban thermal comfort is directly related to the CHTC from the urban canopy surfaces. This CHTC from urban canopy surfaces expected to depend upon the wind velocity flowing over the urban canopy surfaces, urban canopy configurations, building surface temperature etc. But the most influential parameter on CHTC has not been clarified yet. Urban canopy type experiments in thermally stratified wind tunnel have normally been used to study the heat transfer issues. But, it is not an easy task in wind tunnel experiments to evaluate local CHTC, which vary on individual canyon surfaces such as building roof, walls and ground. Numerical simulation validated by wind tunnel experiments can be an alternative for the prediction of CHTC from building surfaces in an urban area. In our study, wind tunnel experiments were conducted to validate the low-Reynolds-number k-ε model which was used for the evaluation of CHTC from surfaces. The calculated CFD results showed good agreement with experimental results. After this validation, the effects of flow velocity and building surface temperature effects on CHTC from urban building surfaces were investigated. It has been found that the change in velocity remarkably affects the CHTC from urban canopy surfaces and change in surface temperature has almost no effect over the CHTC from urban canopy surfaces.
URBAN PLANNING AND LAND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN EMERGING TOWNS OF ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF ARBA MINCH
Authors: Dube Engida Esayas
Published: February 2023

Sustainability of urbanization requires planned development of urban centers, competent institutional frameworks in place and proactive management and governance strategies. In light of this, the paper examines the practice of master planning and the extent of its implementation and challenges of land management in Arba Minch as emerging regional town in the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). The data for the study were generated by household survey of 340 household heads selected through systematic sampling, key informant interview with individuals actors in planning, management, informal land transaction in the town. Personal observation and extensive review of various policies, plans, and directives was made in order to assess the issues planning and management of urban land. The paper revealed that the master plans prepared so far for the town have been implemented; however, could not adequately achieve the primarily intended goals such as joining the two settlements i. e. Secha and Sikella in the first master plan, for instance. The study also showed that archaic land information management system, informal land acquisition, corruption, land speculation and land related conflicts have become the challenges of land management in the town. These problems are associated with top-down planning process and, weak institutional frameworks. These all imply that there is an urgent need for giving adequate attention to the planning approaches and management systems of urban land before things get out of control as it is the case with the oldest urban centers of varying size in Ethiopia. Therefore, the concerned bodies who are responsible of planning, implementation and management of land have to be curious whether what is being carried out is intended to bring sustainability or otherwise. This is mainly because the growth of the town is irreversible and the town is continue to expand spatially, socially and in economic spheres which all together will pose unforeseeable challenges.
WATER AVAILABILITY IN SOUTHERN PORTUGAL FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS SUBJECTED TO BIAS CORRECTION
Authors: Mourato Sandra , Moreira Madalena , Corte-Real João
Published: February 2023

Regional climate models provided precipitation and temperature time series for control (1961-1990) and scenario (2071-2100) periods. At southern Portugal, the climate models in the control period systematically present higher temperatures and lower precipitation than the observations. Therefore, the direct input of climate model data into hydrological models might result in more severe scenarios for future water availability.

Three bias correction methods (Delta Change, Direct Forcing and Hybrid) are analysed and their performances in water availability impact studies are assessed. The Delta Change method assumes that the observed series variability is maintained in the scenario period and is corrected by the evolution predicted by the climate models. The Direct Forcing method maintains the scenario series variability, which is corrected by the bias found in the control period, and the Hybrid method maintains the control model series variability, which is corrected by the bias found in the control period and by the evolution predicted by the climate models.

To assess the climate impacts in the water resources expected for the scenario period, a physically based spatially distributed hydrological model, SHETRAN, is used for runoff projections in a southern Portugal basin. The annual and seasonal runoff shows a runoff decrease in the scenario period, increasing the water shortage that is already experienced. The overall annual reduction varies between -80% and -35%. In general, the results show that the runoff reductions obtained with climate models corrected with the Delta Change method are highest but with a narrow range that varies between -80% and -52%.
A COMBINED FUZZY MCDM APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING THE SUITABLE LANDS FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT: AN EXAMPLE FROM BANDAR ABBAS, IRAN
Authors: Dadras Mohsen , Mohd Shafri Helmi Zulhaidi , Ahmad Noordin , Pradhan Biswajeet , Safarpour Sahabeh
Published: February 2023

This study aims at identifying the suitable lands for urban development in Bandar Abbas city based on its real world use regarding specific criteria and sub-criteria. The city of Bandar Abbas is considered as the most important commercial and economic city of Iran. It is also considered as one of the major cities of Iran which has played a pivotal role in the country's development and progress in recent years especially after the end of Iran-Iraq war owing to its embracing the country's main commercial ports. This process has caused the immigration rate into the city to rise significantly over the past 20 years. Thus, the development of the city is meanwhile considered as a high priority. Bandar Abbas city does not have a rich capacity for growth and development due to its special geographical situation being located in coastal border. Among the limitations placed in the city's development way, natural limitations (heights and sea shore) in the northern and southern parts of the city and structural limitations (military centers) in the east and west sides of the city may be referred. Therefore, identifying the suitable lands for urban development within Bandar Abbas city limits is becoming an essential priority. Therefore, different quantitative and qualitative criteria have been studied in order to select and identify these lands. The structures of qualitative criteria for most parts involve ambiguities and vagueness. This leads us to use Fuzzy logic in this study as a natural method for determining the solutions for problems of Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). In the current research, a combination of MCDM methods has been presented for analysis. To assignee weights of the criteria Fuzzy AHP (analytic hierarchy process) is used for land selection and Fuzzy TOPSIS (method for order priority by similarity to ideal solution) is utilized to choose the alternative that is the most appropriate through these criteria weights. The sensitivity analysis of the results is included in the research.
SELF-CLEANING ABILITY OF THE MIDDLE AND LOWER COURSES OF THE UBERABA RIVER, UPGRH-GD8
Authors: Salla Marcio Ricardo , Ferreira Andrezza Marques , Pereira Carlos Eugenio , Schmidt Marcio Augusto Reolon
Published: February 2023

The multiple and balanced use of water resources has become a difficult task, since the implementation and continuous improvement of management systems still fail to keep abreast of the constant changes occurring in the environment due to human activities. Water planning and management on a river basin scale requires the use of computational tools that allow for joint modeling of water quantity and quality. This study involved an assessment of the self-cleaning ability of the middle and lower courses of the Uberaba River, located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This river is extremely important because its waters supply a population of approximately 322,500 distributed among the municipalities of Uberaba, Veríssimo and Conceição das Alagoas. The water quality parameters of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate and total phosphorus were modeled for the period of October 2012 to September 2013, using the AQUATOOL system. The constants of biochemical reactions were calibrated by the trial and error method. The sensitivity analysis of the initially calibrated constants Ka, Kd, KNoa and KNai and of the quality parameters of the intermediate inputs did not reveal significant variations in water quality. In the analysis of pollution scenarios, considering the critical flow Q7,10, it was found that organic nitrogen, ammonia and nitrate remained within the levels established by Minas Gerais (2008) and Brazil (2005). The concentration of dissolved oxygen would have to increase by 156% when compared with the value of the driest month only in the intermediate input that comprises the entire urban area of the city of Uberaba, whose urban streams receive domestic and industrial effluents. On the other hand, the parameters BOD5 and Ptotal were the most problematic, with high values in almost all the intermediate inputs, except for the Jataí and Preguiça streams, whose subbasins have minor areas of contribution. This indicates that, in addition to the pollutant loads from the urban area of Uberaba, the use of 70.6% of the total land area of the Uberaba River subbasin for agricultural and pastureland purposes contribute to the high concentrations of BOD5 and Ptotal.
PREDICTING SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT YIELD IN THE TAPACURÁ CATCHMENT, BRAZIL
Authors: Da Silva Richarde Marques , Santos Celso A. G. , Silva Alexandro Medeiros
Published: February 2023

The EPM is a model for qualifying the erosion severity and estimating the total annual sediment yield. The EPM uses empirical coefficients (erodibility coefficient, protection coefficient and erosion coefficient) and a matrix of the basin physical characteristics. The EPM gives a quantitative estimation of erosion intensity as well as the estimation of sediment yield and transportation. To analyze the suitability of the Gavrilovic method for use with GIS techniques, we prepared cartographic data on geology, pedology, slope, temperature and land use in digital form. A raster-based Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied to generate the erosion-severity and sediment yield maps. In order to validate the EPM estimated erosion, data annual sediment yield were collected between 1999 and 2007. The results showed a mean sediment delivery ratio (SDR) of around 8% and a calculated mean sediment yield of 0.108 t/ha/year, which is close to the observed one, 0.169 t/ha/year. The obtained soil loss map could be considered as a useful tool for environmental monitoring and water resources management.
TREATMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS OF A NEWLY DEVELOPED REACTOR WITH SLUDGE SEPARATION FILTER AND AIRLIFT PUMP FOR CARBON AND NITROGEN REMOVAL
Authors: Nishimura Fumitake
Published: February 2023

Nutrient removal from sewage is one of the most urgently required issues from the viewpoint of prevention of eutrophication and preservation of water quality for water supply system. Among several nutrient removal methods, biological treatment, which is a modified activated sludge system is widely applied. However, biological nitrogen removal process, which consists of nitrification and denitrification steps, needs opposite operations at several stages such as necessity of oxygen and requirement of electron donor of organic compounds. In this study, treatment characteristics of a reactor with both sludge separation filter and airlift pump are investigated. This reactor has sludge separation filter in the middle part and airlift pump that supplies oxygen and circulate liquid from aerobic zone to anoxic zone in order to cut down the required energy. From laboratory scale experiments, design and operational parameters are investigated and it is shown that NH4-N loading rate of 35 mgN/(L-media･hr) at aerobic zone and DO loading rate of less than 0.15 kgDO/(kgMLSS･d) to anoxic zone are required for stable treatment.
UPGRADING OF MOROCCAN OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER USING ELECTROCOAGULATION: KINETIC STUDY AND PROCESS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Authors: Elkacmi Reda , Kamil Noureddine , Bennajah Mounir
Published: February 2023

Treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) by electrocoagulation (EC) was investigated in a stirred tank reactor (STR), the effect of different influential parameters, namely, contact time, current density and pH was determined. Over 72 % of COD, 93 % of polyphenols and 95 % of color intensity were removed efficiently at pH of 5.2, current density of 58.33 mA/cm2 and a residence time of 45 min. A kinetic study of these three parameters was carried out and both COD and dark color removal obey the first-order law model. On the other hand, the polyphenols reduction, fits the pseudo second-order model with current- dependent parameters. A variable order kinetic (VOK) model derived from the Langmuir-Freundlish equation was proposed to determine the kinetics of pollutant removal reactions with EC. Results showed that the model equations strongly fit the experimental concentrations of the three pollutants.
ONE- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF A VERTICAL-SLOT FISHWAY
Authors: Umeda Camila Yuri Lira , Lima Guilherme de , Janzen Johannes Gérson , Salla Marcio Ricardo
Published: February 2023

This paper compares the use of one-dimensional (1-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) numerical models to simulate the flow of a vertical-slot fishway. Prior to their application, the models are validated by comparing the predicted data with experimental data from a physical model. Then the numerical models are applied to calculate four critical hydraulic design parameters of vertical-slot fishways, i.e., flow speed, water depth, turbulent kinetic energy, and energy dissipation rate. Furthermore, the authors developed rating curves for flow rate and energy dissipation rate in terms of flow depth using data from the 1-D model. These curves have great utility for the operation of the vertical-slot fishway studied. The results indicate that 1-D modeling can be a useful tool for preliminary conservative design arrangements of vertical-slot fishways, and that 3-D modeling can be a useful tool to enable accurate representation of the critical hydraulic design parameters and selection of the most appropriate design.
TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CELLULOSE CARBAMATE SYNTHESIZED FROM RICE STRAW AND ITS UTILIZATION AS DYE ADSORBENT
Authors: El-Thalouth I. Abd , El-Hennawi Heba , Tawfik S. , El-Salam Sh. Abd , Adel E.
Published: February 2023

Egyptian rice straw was subjected to pulping via alkali scouring followed by hypochloric bleaching. the obtained cellulosic pulp was allowed to react with two different amounts of urea at high temperature to obtain cellulose carbamate acquire nitrogen content of 0.13 and 0.16 on using 10 and 20 g urea/100g cellulose pulp respectively. The obtained carbamate derivatives were evaluated as dye adsorbent for different reactive dyes. Different factors were investigated as the nature of colour used, the technique applied, the time of treatment, and concentration of dyes used. It was found that the magnitude of the adsorbed colour depends on the N %, whereas the %N increases the % colour removal increases too. As the concentration of the dye increases from 0.01 to 0.5g/ 1000ml, the colour removal % decreases regularly. It is clear from the obtained results that the % colour removal as well as the time to reach the maximum colour removal percent depend on: a) the natureof the reactive dye used, (b) the degree of carbamation expressed as % N and (c) the technique applied.
CASE STUDY ON NITRIFICATION RATES IN A NON-STIRRED MEMBRANE-AERATED BIOFILM REACTOR OPERATED UNDER LAMINAR REGIME
Authors: Molina-Burgos Judith , Jácome-Burgos Juan A. , Suárez-López Joaquín
Published: February 2023

A lab-scale non-stirred membrane-aerated biofilm reactor with a volume of 14.2 L was operated under laminar flow regime with inorganic synthetic wastewater to assess tertiary nitrification rates. Nitrifying counter-diffusive biofilm grown over microporous polypropylene tubular membranes supplied with atmospheric air at low pressure (3.45 kPa). The reactor was operated at very low water-velocities (in cm/s): from 2.3×10-4 to 2.3 × 10-3. In all runs, the influent ammonium concentration was kept constant ( 26 mg-N/L). By changing the volumetric inflow, the membrane-aerated biofilm (MAB) was tested at seven different ammonium applied loads (range: 0.57 - 6.04 g-N/m2 d). The corresponding ammonium removal rates ranged 0.56 to 3.02 g-N/(m2 d). The percentage of biological ammonium removal presented a range from 50% to 98%. As expected, due to passive experimental dynamic conditions to achieve an ammonium removal percentage greater than 80% a hydraulic retention time of 19 h was required. Clean membrane oxygen transfer rate was evaluated. The nitrifying MAB was found to enhance the oxygen transfer across the membrane when the surface nitrification rates were high. A significant drop in electrical conductivity that is proportional to the ammonium removed was observed. Thus, conductivity measurement can be used as a simple control method of ammonium removal extent. Effluent suspended solids were not detected, therefore a sedimentation process was unnecessary.
DETERMINING OF THE SUITABLE LOCATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Arief Andi Bachtiar , Yudono Ananto , Akil Arifuddin , Ramli Isran , Rahim Amran
Published: February 2023

Basic needs of commuters from small islands, local society and tourists from several hotels have yet to be fully fulfilled within radius 500 meters from the four ports at Fort Rotterdam, Makassar. To fulfill them, they had to travel to the main shore of Makassar city using motorized vehicle which is redundant in distance, time and cost. This research is aimed at determining suitable location for the development of coastal Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Selected location could effectively prevent redundancy of distance, time and cost of the commuters, local society and tourists. Technique analysis applied Expert System, Fortran 90 application and Spatial Analysis test based on Geographic Information System. The result showed that location at Kayu Bangkoa neighborhood was selected as the most potential location for coastal TOD development.
METHOD FOR EVALUATING PLANT COVER AND QUANTIFICATION USING PIXEL TO PIXEL CORRELATION INDICES
Authors: Souza José carlos de , Lopes Elfany Reis do Nascimento , Sousa Jocy Ana Paixão de , Martins Antônio Cesar Germano , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: February 2023

This study brings results on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Adjusted Vegetation Index of Soil (SAVI) and the Index of Water by Normalized Difference (NDWI) through a method that uses correlation matrices built on a pixel to pixel combination for spatial and temporal analysis of plant cover. The study was developed by using Landsat 8 images from January and August, 2015. Image processing was performed with ArcGis and Matlab building correlation matrices to evaluate variations of each index in Brazilian vegetation. Results showed decreasing values of the three indices from wet to dry period. Climatic conditions influenced on the vigor and moisture content of vegetation. The pixel to pixel correlation method is appropriated to study vegetation changes and quantify increase, decrease or maintenance of vegetation.
REUSE OF LEATHER WASTE: COLLAGEN HYDROLYZATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF TANNERIES EFFLUENTS
Authors: Boeykens Susana
Published: February 2023

The tannery industry is an important economic activity in Argentina. Due to the characteristics of their processes, tanneries generate liquid effluents in different acidity or alkalinity conditions, with high turbidity, suspended solids and color. These effluents must be treated to avoid environmental contamination. The objective of the present investigation was to study, at a laboratory scale, coagulation processes that allow the reduction of turbidity and color in tannery effluents. The work focused on the use of collagen hydrolyzate (CH) as a coagulant, obtained from the shavings that the leather process itself discards. Tests were made with pure CH, in combination with a commercial coagulant (aluminum sulfate) or a commercial flocculant (cationic quaternary polyamine), in order to compare the efficiency of the process. Effluents were generated with a generic tanning formula, which were treated by aeration followed by sedimentation. The results obtained show that the CH alone does not show sufficient effectiveness, but combined with both the aluminum sulphate and the cationic quaternary polyamine gives very good results, involving smaller amounts of these commercial additives. The fact that the CH is obtained from a residue of the industry itself and it can successfully replace other chemicals, lowers the costs of treating the liquid effluents while avoiding having to manage that solid waste.
SIMULATION OF SURFACE WATER POLLUTION IN A WATERSHED SUBJECT TO PROGRESSIVE URBANIZATION
Authors: Alamy Filho José Eduardo , Salla Marcio Ricardo , Martins Caroline Soler , Lima Guilherme de
Published: February 2023

The large alterations in land use and occupation associated with progressive urbanization tend to increase the direct and indirect impacts on the water quality of streams and rivers. Relying on various land occupation scenarios in a watershed subject to progressive urbanization, considering a horizon of 30 years, this study estimated the pollutant loads of all its sub-basins, simulated the dispersion of pollutants along its main watercourse and estimated the pollutant loads at the basin’s outlet. The method used to estimate the pollutant loads was adapted from that proposed by Schueler (1987), with inclusion of the Soil Conservation Service method (SCS, 1973) to estimate the surface runoff or excess rainfall. The dispersion of pollutants in the principal stream was simulated by numerically solving the advection-diffusion equation, after discretization by finite differences, employing a computational code implemented in the Visual Basic language. The ranking of the pollutants in decreasing order of gross annual loads for the 30-year scenario showed the highest production of suspended sediments (510 to 4,882 metric tons/year), followed by BOD with 42 to 172 tons/year and nutrients (13 to 62 tons/year for total nitrogen and 6 to 29 tons/year for nitrite and nitrate). Zinc accounted for the smallest discharge, with 1.7 to 7.9 tons/year. In turn, in the ranking by the correlation coefficient between the loads of each pollutant and the advance of urban occupation, represented indirectly by the number curve (NC) parameter, BOD was most sensitive to urban expansion, since it had the strongest correlation with the number curve (about 41%). Total suspended solids (TSS) and zinc were less influenced by the occupation processes of the watershed, although they were closely correlated with rainfall. In general, the method used in this study can help planners make decisions about urbanization guidelines and zoning rules. The results indicate the importance of establishing policies for moderate occupation of watersheds and reduction of the diffuse pollution caused by urbanization.
APPROACHES TO FORMALIZATION OF ASSESSMENT OF TERRITORY ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY FOR PURPOSES OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT (THE CITY OF MOSCOW CASE STUDY)
Authors: Karfidova Ekaterina , Komarevskaya Maria N. , Kravchenko Ilya M. , Polevodova Svetlana N.
Published: February 2023

The present paper addresses methods for formalization of engineering geological complexity of urban territory based on engineering geological zoning for purposes of urban and spatial planning. Presented is distinguishing three main sets of issues for purposes of urban development complex, improvement of environmental management and assessment of engineering geological complexity distribution, issues being addressed at two levels: at the city level - mapping the engineering geological complexity to scale of 1: 100 000 and at municipal level – engineering geological complexity maps to scale of 1: 25 000 with derivation of taxonomic formula of geological hazard; at that, cartographical materials are proposed as open data. For the first time it is proposed to use the complexity index and to plot the diversity curves for negative geological processes. Results of distribution analysis for complexity of engineering geological conditions made it possible to reveal a relatively low complexity of the structural uplift megamassif at the territory of the city of Moscow. The proposed methods shall help to develop "geoecological image" of the city and be used for better understanding of geoecological problems related to the city development.
FUNCTIONALISM OF WIND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VERNACULAR ELEMENTS OF WIND CATCHER AND MOSHABAK (CASE STUDY: QESHM ISLAND)
Authors: Pazhouhanfar Mahdieh , Mohammadi Mazraeh Hamed
Published: February 2023

Qeshm, an island in southern Iran, has two significant elements of sustainable architecture—wind catcher and Latticework (Moshabak). So, it can be defined based on its performance-oriented vernacular architecture which results in the wind renewable energy. However, there are few studies on these sustainable elements. The present study attempted to analyze the performance and structure of these natural ventilation systems in the island. In our research methodology, we tried to use the qualitative approach. Initially, we used citation and library sources for gathering information. Later, we visited the site and the native architecture of the island was studied by analyzing and extracting architectural elements from 48 old buildings which are over 70 years old. Moreover, different types of wind energy and Moshabaks used in the island were thoroughly studied. Meanwhile, the temperature during different periods was compared and the height of the wind catchers and their influence on the rate of wind deflector, functional art, and ecology-oriented architecture of the island were evaluated. The results showed that in terms of function, these so-called sustainable native architectural elements have met the natural ventilation requirement appropriately.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF STORMWATER UTILITIES IN THE U.S.
Authors: Allen Linda
Published: February 2023

Communities throughout the U.S. struggle to provide basic public services to their residents, including stormwater management services and recent regulations have only added to this challenge. Increasingly, stormwater utilities are being established to fund stormwater management programs. As of 2018, there were an estimated 1,800 to 2,000 stormwater utilities in the U.S., however the establishment of these utilities has varied both temporally and spatially across the country. This research examines the factors at the national, state, and local-levels that give rise to this variation. Overall, research findings indicate that a lack of clear legal authority, presence of stormwater regulations, and political and public opposition all influence the establishment of a stormwater utility, however the influence of these factors is more nuanced than shown by previous research. Moreover, this research identified several factors that influence the setup of utilities that had not been previously identified, including variations in state-level implementation and enforcement of stormwater regulations, general public attitudes, and the robustness of a community’s baseline stormwater management program. These different factors come into play to varying degrees in individual communities and whether a community succeeds or fails in setting up a utility depends on the final balance of these factors.