bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANGIOGRAPHIC, HISTOMETRIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE INTRAMURAL CORONARY ARTERIES IN THE INFARCTED HEART
Authors: Hatani Hajimu
Published: January 2009

Arterial changes of the intramural branches of the coronary arteries were studied angiographically, histometrically and histopathologically in the heart obtained at autopsy from 50 cases with myocardial infarction and 21 control subjects. Stenosis was observed in 14.4% of the intramural coronary arteries in the infarction group, 3.0% in the aged and 0% in the young control group. Hypertrophy of the media was observed in 18.9% of the intramural coronary arteries in the infarction group and 10.7% in the control group. Proliferation of the internal elastic lamina was observed in 6.9% of the intramural coronary arteries in the infarction group and 0.9% in the control group. Stenosis of the intramural branches was the most frequent in those less than 300 p in diameter and was caused by muscular hypertrophy of the media. Histological changes in the vascular wall of the intramural coronary artery was less frequent in the distal to the epicardial branches with marked stenosis than distal to the epicardial branches without stenosis. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 511˜526, 1977.
EXTRARENAL RENIN‐SECRETING TUMOR ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ohmori Hiroyuki , Motoi Makoto , Sato Hiromichi , Tsutsumi Akira , Ogawa Katsuo , Fujiwara Hisako , Kageyama Toshiaki , Yoshinouchi Takeo , Yokoyama Hisamitsu
Published: January 2009

Described herein is an autopsy case of a 16‐year‐old female with severe hypertension, hyperreninemia and secondary aldosteronism. She had had a progressively growing tumor of her right orbita from the age of 4. The tumor was partially excised 13 months before death. A high content of a renin‐like material was detected in the excised tumor, which was histologi‐cally a hemangiopericytoma. Bowie stain revealed some granules in small number of tumor cells and electron microscopic study showed some cyto‐plasmic granules. Following the operation, hypertension was somewhat improved, but the levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration remained elevated, because the tumor was partially resected. At autopsy, the tumor invaded into the cranial base and right frontal lobe, and metastasized to the lungs. In the present case, renal renin‐secreting tumor, malignant hypertension and renovascular hypertension were ruled out by the clinical and pathological studies. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 567–586, 1977.
DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS IN VITRO — MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC AMP
Authors: Ishikawa Shinobu
Published: January 2009

Differentiation ability of neuroblastoma cells was studied in vitro, light and electron microscopically using three continuously cultured cell lines (NB‐1, GOTO, and YT‐nu) of human origin. The cells ordinarily cultured appeared to differentiate along directions of both ganglionic and paraganglionic cells in NB‐1 and, although scarcely, in YT‐nu. Paraganglionic cells were characterized by cytoplasmic catecholamine granules measuring 150 to 250 mμ in diameter. Further two‐directed differentiation was induced by treatment with But2cAMP in NB‐1 and YT‐nu cells, but GOTO cells revealed only one‐directed differentiation along ganglionic cell regardless of But2cAMP conditioning. Morphological and functional differentiation of mouse and human neuroblastoma cells in vitro, conversion of rat phenochromocytoma cells into sympathetic neurons in vitro, and ultrastructural differentiation of human neuroblastoma in vivo were discussed. In conclusion, neuroblastoma might be derived from a primitive stem cell of neural crest origin which possesses the pluripotency to be capable of differentiating along the sympathetic, parasympathetic, paraganglionic, and other neural crest derivatives under certain conditions. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 697˜711, 1977.
TWO CASES OF NEVOID BASAL CELL CARCINOMA SYNDROME
Authors: Satoh Masanobu , Fukazawa Hajime , Yagawa Kanichi , Endo Hayato , Suzuki Atsumi , Yanagisawa Toru , Kojima Makoto
Published: January 2009

Two cases of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome were reported with a review of pertinent literature. The first case was a 59‐year‐old man, whose autopsy was warranted. Signs and symptoms manifested in this case were basal cell carcinoma, generalized multiple nevi, multiple cysts in the jaws and long bones, pits in the palm and sole, frontal and occipital bossing, ossification of the falx cerebri, a bifid rib, renal fibroma and a patent foramen ovale. The family history revealed a hereditary predisposition as to the syndrome. The patient in the second case was a 25‐year‐old man who is still alive. Manifestations in this case included basal cell carcinoma, multiple nevi, multiple jaw cysts, pits in the palm and sole, frontal bossing, calcification of the falx cerebri, cervical vertebral fusion and high‐arched palate. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 713 ˜ 727, 1977.
— AN AUTOPSY CASE —
Authors: Kurokawa Akio , Shibayama Yuro , Nakata Katsuji , Kaito Hiroshi , Takahashi Kiyoyuki , Midorikawa Osamu
Published: January 2009

A diagnosis of the heritable disorder Sipple's syndrome was made in a Japanese male aged 28 years. The coexistence of bilateral pheochromocytomas, bilateral medullary thyroid carcinomas and secondary hyperplasia of parathyroid was confirmed at the time of autopsy. Pancreatic islets were hyperplastic with marked proliferation of A and D cells. Transition of the ductal cell to the islet, i.e. ‘nesidioblatosis’ was observed. There was no proliferation of B cells, but a retention of B cell granules, a manifestation of suppressed secretion of insulin attributed to the overproduction of catecholamines was evident. In the stomach, numerous petechial hemorrhages and proliferation of gastrin cells were found. The pathogenesis of changes in the pancreatic islets and stomach is discussed from the viewpoint of hormonal disorders induced by pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma such as are found in Sipple's syndrome. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 739˜748,1977.
GASTRIC TERATOMA OF CHILDREN ‐ A CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Moriuchi Akira , Nakayama Iwao , Muta Hiroo , Taira Yoshitsugi , Takahara Osamu , Yokoyama Shigeo
Published: January 2009

A case of gastric teratoma in a 3‐month‐old male infant is reported. A large mass showing endogastric growth was located on the lesser curvature of cardiac region and measured 6.5times5x4 cm. Histologically the tumor was composed of the elements derived from three germ layers including squamous, cuboidal and high columnar epithelium with or without cilia, fat tissue, smooth muscle, cartilage and neural tissue. Large parts of these elements appeared to be predominantly mature but some of the neural tissue showed primitive immature structures. Forty‐four reported cases of gastric teratoma were briefly reviewed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 749˜758, 1977.
HETEROTOPIC GASTRIC GLANDS IN THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Yamagiwa Hiroshi , Matsuzaki Osamu , Ishihara Akinori , Yoshimura Hitoshi
Published: January 2009

The submucosal heterotopic gastric glands were found in 160 cases (10.7%) of 1500 resected stomachs; 15% in gastric ulcer, 9.9% in gastric carcinoma, 4% in duodenal ulcer and 11% in chronic gastritis. The heterotopic glands were usually found in the distal half of the stomach, diffusely or localized. Macroscopic submucosal tumor was found in 9 (5%) of 160 cases. Although the heterotopic glands were found with an intimate relation to the repeated mucosal damage and subsequent intestinal metaplasia, they had no specific relation to gastric carcinogenesis. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 347–350, 1979.
A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON SOFT TISSUE TUMORS OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Authors: Makino Yoshitaka
Published: January 2009

The present study consists of 651 cases of soft tissue tumors originating in the head and neck area. Among these tumors 628 were benign (96%), while there were only 23 malignant cases (4%). In the benign group hemangiomas showed the highest incidence (47%) followed by tumors of adipose tissue (19%) and those of peripheral nerves (12%). Rare tumors consisted of nodular fasciitis, hibernoma, lipoblastomatosis, glomus tumor, granular cell tumor, and chondroma. The majority of cases in the malignant group were either those of muscle origin or blood vessel origin. Excepting for two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the embryonal type and two cases of angiosarcoma, all showed recurrence andlor metastasis and terminated in death. Three cases of liposarcoma of either well‐differentiated or myxoid type had a good prognosis with all three living for 3 or more years without any recurrence. Other malignant tumors consisted of malignant schwannoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, and chordoma. The age, sex, anatomical location, and differential diagnosis have also been described. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 389 ‐ 408, 1979.
THROMBOPLASTIC AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITIES IN VARIOUS ORGANS OF CONGENITALLY ATHYMIC NUDE MICE
Authors: Naito Seiji , Tanaka Kenzo
Published: January 2009

Thromboplastic and Abrinolytic activities in various organs of congenitally athymic nude mice were estimated. These activities varied from one organ to another and the organs were divided into six groups of possible combinations of these activities. The lung revealed high thromboplastic and high Abrinolytic activities, while the liver showed low thromboplastic and low Abrinolytic activities. The pattern of distribution of these activites in various organs of nude mice was almost similar to that of rats and mice with normal thymus. No plasmin activity was found in all organs. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 409–411, 1979.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED PULMONARY, PLEURAL AND PERITONEAL NEOPLASMS IN MICE BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS AND N‐METHYL‐N‐NITROSOURETHANE
Authors: Kawai Toshiaki
Published: January 2009

The cocarcinogenic effects of asbestos are presented. In lung carcinomas induced in mice, the number of carcinomas and the time of detection of the Arst carcinoma per tumor‐bearing animals were greater and faster in the group with chrysotile plus MNU than either chrysotile or MNU alone. This suggested that chrysotile asbestos had a promoting or cocercinogenic effect on some carcinogens in the respiratory tract. In the group treated with chrysotile alone, a tumor was found in the right pleural cavity at 15 months. This tumor microscopically was similar to the biphasic form of the human diffuse mesothelioma. Microvilli, basement membrane, and junctional apparatus were seen by electron microscope, but other cytoplasmic organelles of the tumor cells were relatively scanty. Two peritoneal tumors developed in gastric and intestinal serosa at 11 and 12 months. Light and electron microscopic studies suggested that the tumors were probably myosarcomas or Abrosarcomas. ACTA PATH JAP. 29: 421–433, 1979.
Report of Nine Cases
Authors: Karasawa Tsutomu , Shikata Toshio , Smith Roger D.
Published: January 2009

Nine cases of peliosis hepatis are reported; five of these were associated with the administration of androgen or anabolic androgenic steroids and a sixth with large doses of medroxy‐progesterone acetate. In five instances, neoplasm was present as an underlying disease. Antemortem evidence of liver disease was detected in six of seven cases but was not severe and had not contributed to death. The pathogenesis of blood‐filled cystic cavities is discussed and the literature reviewed. Angiopathy of hepatic sinusoida in patients with wasting diseases or in those receiving androgens in coexistence with passive congestion of the liver appear to be factors in the pathogenesis of pleiosis hepatis. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 457–469, 1979.
CYSTIC PARTIALLY DIFFERENTIATED NEPHROBLASTOMA AND MULTILOCULAR CYST OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: Yonezawa Suguru , Tokunaga Masayoshi , Sato Eiichi , Arima Eitoku , Oezono Hirohumi , Kumagai Nobuo , Tokita Naohiko
Published: January 2009

Two cases of so‐called multilocular cyst of the kidney are presented. Although both cases satisfied all of the criteria which characterize the multilocular cyst of the kidney, one had cystic lesions and neoplastic lesions (neph‐roblastoma‐like lesions) and the other had only cystic lesions and was complicated with hamartoma. We prefer the term ‘cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma’ as the diagnostic term for the former and ‘multilocular cyst of the kidney’ for the latter. A study of 40 reported cases of multilocular cystic lesions of the kidney revealed that cases having only cystic lesions were distributed in all ages from 4.5 months to 71 years and that cases having neoplastic lesions were seen in infants from 4 months to 2 years. ACTA PATH. SAP. 29: 411–478, 1979.
ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN PRODUCING RHABDOMYOSARCOMA OF THE ADULT LIVER
Authors: Mori Hideki , Matsubara Nagaki , Fujii Masahiko , Kawai Toshiro , Tanaka Takuji , Takahashi Masayoshi
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of a rare primary tumor in a 76‐year‐old man is described. The tumor is histologically comprised of rhabdomyoblasts massively infiltrating without any epithelial elements referable to be as hepatoma. There was no evidence that regarded the hepatic tumor as metastatic secondary tumor in histological examination of other organs. Furthermore, interesting was the production of alpha‐fetoprotein from the tumor cells that was detected by immunofluorescent antibody technique. Review of the literature on primary liver rhabdomyosarcomas or adult hepatoblastomas shows no similar case. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 485–491, 1979.
MORPHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Kodama Takaya , Mori Wataru
Published: January 2009

A total of 84 autopsied and 10 operative pancreatic carcinoma cases were studied to Investigate their morphological behavior, by light and electron microscopies. The autopsied materials were classified into 70 duct cell carcinomas, 11 undifferentiated carcinomas including 2 giant cell carcinomas simulating giant cell tumor of bone, and 3 endocrine cell carcinomas which might be called carcinoid or oat cell carcinoma. No acinar cell carcinoma was found. Duct cell carcinomas were further subclassined into 37 large and 24 small duct‐forming adenocarcinomas, 8 adenosquamous carcinomas, and 1 cystadenocarcinoma. The majority of undifferentiated carcinomas were considered to be of ductal or ductular cell origin. Rare tumors, such as cystadenocarcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, and endocrine cell carcinoma, were shown as case presentations. Electron microscopic features of duct cell carcinoma and its related findings were also presented. These studies should be pursued, because it may be imporant clinically and disclose, in the future, possible differences in etiology or effective therapeutic agents among the categories, although the classification, made from a viewpoint of histogenesis, did not reflect prognostic differences at the present.
MORPHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Kodama Takaya , Mori Wataru
Published: January 2009

The incidence and the behavior of endocrine cells In carcinomatous tissues were studied in 84 autopsy cases and 10 surgical or autopsy cases of pancreatic carcinoma, by light and electron microscope, respectively. It was found that the islets persistently survived in the carcinomatous tissues. In large duct type carcinomas, the islets showed unique familiarity with the carcinomatous ducts, which may be interpreted as suggesting interactions between ductal cells and islet cells in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Aside from these survivor islet cells, carcinomas exhibited different degree and kind of differentiation to endocrine cells, depending upon their histological types. Namely, neoplastic argyrophil cells were found at the incidence of 82% (large duct type carcinoma), 39% (small duct), 43% (adenosquamous), and 18% (undifferentiated one). Moreover, argyrophil cells with their apexes stretching far to the neoplastic lumen were found only in large duct type carcinoma and cystadenocarcinoma. In three cases of carcinoid or oat cell type carcinoma, argyrophil cells were diffusely scattered and irregular in shape. These findings further justify the classification, reported in the previous article. The differentiation to endocrine cells was confirmed also by electron microscope.
TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION OF EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Authors: Abizono Naoki , Yonezawa Takeshi , Yamaguchi Kyohei , Furukawa Shoei
Published: January 2009

Using neonates born from experimental autoimmune myasthenic rabbits, the authors demonstrated antibodies to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in the newborn sera. By radioimmunoassay, antibody titers of 1‐day‐old neonates were roughly one seventh to one ninth of the mothers. At 8 weeks postpartum, the antibody was no longer detectable. Ultrastructural observations of the intercostal muscles of the neonates revealed two types of changes. The first type was degenerative alterations in the postsynaptic membrane. The second type of change, which was morphometrically analyzed, was immaturity of postsynaptic membrane structure with underdeveloped secondary synaptic clefts. After 28 days postpartum, these changes were not visible, thereby indicating that the process is reversible as the antibody titer decreases. These results suggested the possibility that the antibody to AChR, transferred transplacental, arrested the development of postsynaptic structure, although reversible, by blocking of the receptor sites in the end‐plate.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF MYOGLOBIN IN RHABDOMYOSARCOMAS
Authors: Kagawa Noriko , Sano Toshiaki , Inaba Hiroshi , Moei Keiichiro , Hizawa Kazuo
Published: January 2009

Immunoperoxidase staining for myoglobin was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues of normal human skeletal muscle and rhabdomyosarcomas in order to assess its potential diagnostic value. Myoglobin‐positive cells were observed in normal adult and fetal muscles, and in 13 of 26 rhabdomyosarcomas. In normal skeletal muscle, the intensity of staining for myoglobin varied in individual cells. Of the 13 myoglobin‐positive rhabdomyosarcomas tested, 6 showed cross striations in tumor cells, whereas the others did not. Myoglobin‐positive tumor cells were not demonstrated in two rhabdomyosarcomas in which cross striations were observed. In other types of tumors examined that sometimes resembled rhabdomyosarcomas, no myoglobin was detected. Thus tests for myoglobin by the immunoperoxidase method seem helpful in identifying rhabdomyosarcomas and confirming their histological diagnosis.
JUVENILE GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR ASSOCIATED WITH RAPID DISTANT METASTASES
Authors: Takeuchi Hisakiyo , Hamada Hiroshi , Sodemoto Yukio , Ushigome Shinichiro
Published: January 2009

We have encountered a case of juvenile granulosa cell tumor, first described by SCULLY as a specific form of granulosa cell tumor, in a 23‐year‐old, nul‐liparous female associated with some unusual clinicopathological features. The tumor showed a diffuse or macrofollicular pattern with eosinophilic or clear, often vacuolated cytoplasm containing abundant lipid. Ultrastructures revealed features very similar to those of previously reported juvenile granulosa cell tumor. Intracytoplasmic filaments were observed, but smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulums were not evident. The patient succumbed unexpectedly rapidly due to recurrence and distant metastasis, in spite of anti‐cancer therapy. It is also interesting that suprisingly high levels of estrogens as well as testosterone in both urine and serum was recorded before surgery and after the development of recurrence.
PAPILLARY and SOLID NEOPLASM OF PANCREAS IN A CHILD
Authors: Mubao Tsuyoshi , Toda Kanji , Tomiyama Yoshihisa
Published: January 2009

A case of exocrine carcinoma of the pancreas in a 13‐year‐old girl is presented. A small tissue biopsy obtained from the duodenal lesion through a duodenofiberscope confirmed a carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, for which pancreaticoduodenectomy was successfully performed. The tumor showed histological features of a papillary and solid neoplasm, but amylase and al‐antitrypsin were detected in the tumor cells by a modified PAP method. Electron microscopic examination of the tumor cells disclosed both acinar and ductal differentiation. Polygonal cells showing acinar differentiation contained zymogen granules, while columnar cells arranged in a papillary pattern contained abundant intracytoplasmic filaments and lacked zymogen granules. Stacks of annulate lamellae were frequently noticed in both types of the tumor cells. This case indicates the importance of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy for the detection of acinar and ductal differentiation of carcinoma of the pancreas in childhood.
PRIMARY ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE RENAL PELVIS
Authors: Kobayashi Shoji , Ohmoei Masaki , Akaeda Teruaki , Ohmoei Hiroyuki , Miyaji Yasuo
Published: January 2009

Two cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the renal pevlis are described. One patient was a 64‐year‐old female who had multiple papillary tumors in the right ureter and renal pelvis. The other was a 57‐year‐old male who had diffuse infiltrating carcinoma in the left renal pelvis with calculi. In both cases, the lining of the renal pelvis underwent columnar cell metaplasia and the tumor cells showed mucin production. Forty‐six cases repored previously are reviewed briefly. The histogenesis of primary adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis seems to be closely related to metaplasia of transitional epithelium induced by longstanding chronic inflammation or renal calculi in many cases.
BASOPHILIC DEGENERATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Kawamoto Sachiyo , Wakabayashi Takashi
Published: January 2009

Basophilic degeneration was found in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscles in an autopsy case of a 30‐year‐old woman. She was delivered of a healthy mature infant by cesarean section. Soon after the delivery she became tachy‐cardic and oliguric because of a massive hemorrhage due to ruptures of the uterus and the urinary bladder. Hemorrhagic diathesis gradually became manifest despite the reoperation, and she died 8 days after the delivery. The basophilic deposits were mostly localized in the necrotic cells, and histochemical analysis including enzyme digestion revealed that they were related to abnormal glycogen. Basophilic degeneration may be a specific type of cell injury linked to glycogen metabolism but non‐specific to be induced by mild hypoxia.
IDENTIFICATION OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS INFILTRATING RENAL ALLOGRAFTS
Authors: Wakabayashi Tomo , Mori Shigeo , Degawa Hisakazu , Takeda Yasushi , Tomikawa Shinichi , Sugimoto Hisayuki , Yamauchi Jun , Ohtsubo Osamu , Akiyama Nobuo
Published: January 2009

Eight nephrectomies and 13 biopsies of renal allografts (living 15, cadaveric 6) were investigated on the origin of inflammatory cells in the graft tissues by the use of an immunohistologic method (ABC method). Various monoclonal antibodies and heterosera were used to identify different leukocyte subsets. In all specimens the most predominant inflammatory cells were T cells. Other cells decreased in the following order; B cells, neutrophils and monocytes, and natural killer cells. In T cell subsets Leu 2a‐positive cells (suppressor/ cytotoxic T cells) predominated over Leu 3a‐positive cells (helper/inducer T cells) in 4 nephrectomies (living 1, cadaveric 3) and 12 biopsies (living 11, cadaveric 1). Among these 16 cases, 7 were undergoing acute rejection in various degrees, and 9 were without clinical rejection. In the former 7 cases only one was suffering from another disease. In contrast, Leu 3a‐positive cells predominated over Leu 2a‐positive cells in 1 biopsy (living) and 4 nephrectomies (living 2, cadaveric 2). Four of these 5 cases concurrently had other diseases in addition to acute rejection. Two cases underwent acute tubular necrosis (cadaveric graft nephrectomies) and 2 underwent chronic rejection and crescentic glomerulonephritis (living graft nephrectomies). The one remaining case was without clinical rejection.
PROLIFERATIVE MYOSITIS AND FASCIITIS: Report of Five Cases with an Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Ushigome Shinichiro , Takakuwa Toshifumi , Takagi Masayuki , Koizumi Hirotaka , Morikubo Masamichi
Published: January 2009

Cases of proliferative myositis and fasciitis were studied immunohisto‐chemically and ultra structurally for further understanding of the nature of ganglion cell‐like giant cells. Blood coagulation factor XIIIa, fibronectin, myoglobin, myosin, CPK MM, and alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin were detected in three cases of proliferative myositis and two cases of proliferative fasciitis by the avid in‐biotin‐peroxidase complex method. Factor XIIIa (a fibrin‐stabilizing factor) and flbronectin were strongly positive in the giant cells, but not in striated muscle fibers. A small quantity of myosin was demonstrated in the giant cells, but myoglobin and CPK MM were never demonstrated in these cells. No alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin was demonstrated in the giant cells. One case of proliferative myositis showed ultrastructural features suggestive of fibroblast rather than muscle cell or histiocytic origin. Strongly positive factor XIIIa in the giant cells is suggestive of the fact that they are active fibroblasts.
PERINEURIAL CELL TUMOR AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PERINEURIAL CELLS IN NEUROFIBROMA
Authors: Ushigome Shinichiro , Takakuwa Toshifumi , Hyūga Masaaki , Tadokoro Mamoru , Shinagawa Toshihito
Published: January 2009

The authors attempted to clarify the exact cell components of neurofibroma by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Materials were randomly selected, 40 cases of neurilemoma and neurofibroma (‐tosis) in addition to 2 cases of tumors composed exclusively of perineurial cells and three cases of normal peripheral nerve. The applied markers included antisera of S‐100 protein for Schwann cells, blood coagulation factor XIIIa for endoneurial fibroblasts or perineurial cells, and laminin and collagen type IV for the basement membrane. S‐100 protein was demonstrated only in normal or neoplastic Schwann cells, but not in perineurial cells. On the other hand, factor XIIIa was often recognized in endoneurial fibroblasts and perineurial cells, but not in Schwann cells. Neurofibroma was basically composed of a mixture of Schwann cells, perineurial cells, and endoneurial fibroblasts, the population of each type of cell differing according to the case and area within a given tumor. Perineurial cell tumor exclusively composed of perineurial cells, though rare, appears to be a definite entity, and its characteristic histological and ultrastructural features were described.
INTESTINAL METAPLASIA‐DYSPLASIA‐CARCINOMA SEQUENCE OF THE GALLBLADDER
Authors: Yamagiwa Hiroshi , Tomiyama Hiroki
Published: January 2009

One thousand cases of respected gallbladders were histologically investigated by serial step sections. Intestinal metaplasia was found at rates of 4.0% and 30.6% in the cases without and with stone, respectively. It was found at rates of 69.8% and 61.1% in the cases of dysplasia and carcinoma, respectively. The goblet cells were found at rates of 34.5% and 26.3% in the lesions of carcinoma and dysplasia, respectively. On the other hand, the dysplasia and adenoma Intermingled in the tumor tissue at the rates of 22.2% and 8.3% in 36 cases of carcinoma, respectively. Although normal epithelial cells of the gallbladder contain mainly sulfomucln, the goblet cells have sialomucin. The ratio of sialomucin‐containing cells increased in the tissue of dysplasia and carcinoma. As to their location, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma showed a similar distribution in the gallbladder. Accordingly, it should be considered that the sequence of intestinal metaplasia‐dysplasia‐carcinoma is significant Pseudo‐pyloric glandular metaplasia was found at rates of 45.5% in the cases of cholecystitis without stone, 77.2% in those with stone, 100% in those with dysplasia, and 72.3% in those with carcinoma. However, it should be considered that pseudo‐pylorlc glandular metaplasia has less relationship for the bases of carcinogenesls as compared with intestinal metaplasia.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
Authors: Shimizu Akio , Kanisawa Masayoshi
Published: January 2009

Changes of the liver following either single or repeated oral administration of furfural were studied histopathologically. Following single administration, the livers showed scattered eosinophilic globular formation and increased mitotic figures without zonal or massive necrosis. Both changes were most prominent 6 hours after administration, gradually decreasing in number thereafter. In the repeated administration experiment, furfural was mixed with basal diet for 90 or 120 days. The livers on the 90th day showed cirrhotic changes with formation of pseudolobules, widening of Glisson's sheath, and destruction of limiting plates. In the parenchyma bridging necrosis and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes were striking. In the livers on the 120th day, pseudolobule formation was more prominent but parenchymal damage was reduced.

No cancerous or precancerous changes were observed. Cirrhotic changes seen in the chronic experiment resembled Nagayo‐Miyake's A' type hepatic cirrhosis in man, and the result suggested that furfural‐induced hepatic cirrhosis is an appropriate model for studying the Interrelation between hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocarcinogenesis.
USE OF FORMALDEHYDE‐INDUCED FLUORESCENCE FOR CYTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
Authors: Kimura Noriko , Sasano Nobuaki , Ishioka Kuniharu
Published: January 2009

Eleven cases with pheochromocytoma were cytologically investigated on touch preparations using formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence method (FIF) in addition to the usual Papanicolaou's stain (PAP) and May‐Grünwald Giemsa stain (MGG). The specific catecholamine fluorescence was successfully observed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and also in the background. Application of FIF for touch preparation is simple in technique and may greatly contribute for confirmation of the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. MGG stained the cytoplasm composed of two‐tone colors: eosinophilic granular in the perikarya and basophilic granular around nucleus. Electronmicroscopically, they were consistent with catecholamine granules and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulums, respectively. Although, it is fairly difficult to determine whether tumor cells are other malignant tumors or not by using PAP, small N/C ratio might be a useful index for pheochromocytoma. Combination of FIF, MGG, and PAP makes it easy to confirm the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
PARATESTICULAR LIPOSARCOMA: COEXISTENCE WITH URINARY BLADDER CANCER
Authors: Kuhara Hajime , Ikei Kazunori , Wakabayashi Takashi , Kishimoto Hidemasa
Published: January 2009

A 58‐year‐old man with liposarcoma originating from the right paratesticular area was reported. Histologically, liposarcoma showed a well‐differentiated sclerosing type. Coexistence of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and liposarcoma was also revealed. The cases of paratesticular liposarcoma in the literature are briefly reviewed.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ORGAN WEIGHTS IN 1,000 AUTOPSY CASES OF JAPANESE AGED OVER 60 YEARS
Authors: Inoue Tohru , Otsu Syoichi
Published: January 2009

For practical use In comparing organ weights of autopsy cases in the aged, and also for evaluating gerontological parameters during human senescence, a method of organ weight standardization was introduced. In the method used in this study, a Gaussian distribution was applied to the main peak that appeared in each distribution of organ weights. The Gaussian distribution best fitted the main peak of the distribution even in the elderly autopsy cases when a large number of cases was accumulated. The smaller peak was adopted in a cardiac weight distribution which showed a double peak because clinicopathological analysis to define a background of the double peak revealed that the larger peak was essentially represented by hypertensive hearts. By using the data from standardized values as well as those from arithmetic means and from means of each individual ratio, the following parameters were obtained: weight ratio of each organ to the body, and weight ratio of each organ and of the body to the brain. In these parameters, comparison of the ratios obtained from standardized values with those obtained by the other procedures showed that the age‐related change in the ratios from standardized values were the most reasonably smooth and seemed to be less exaggerated by pathological changes. In elderly autopsy cases, organ changes due to geriatric disorders are difficult to distinguish from those due to ordinary physiological changes, which makes the estimation of “normal values” in the aged problematical. The standardized values obtained in the present study, however, represent mass ecological values and may be applicable as comprehensive practical values in geriatric autopsy pathology as well as In gerontological studies.
LOSS OF INTRACELLULAR PEROXIDASE and ANAPLASTIC CHANGE OF DIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA OF HUMAN THYROID GLAND
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Yokoyama Shigeo , Nakayama Iwao
Published: January 2009

Ultrastructural localization of endogenous peroxidase (peroxidase) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma was studied in 2 cases of follicular carcinoma and 12 of papillary carcinoma. The reaction product for the enzyme was observed in cancer cells which had a round and smoothly‐contoured nucleus and rather few number of microvilli (positive cells) and the product localized mainly in the rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear cisternae. The positive cells resembled normal follicular cells in localization sites of the reaction product and ultrastructural features. On the contrary, in cancer cells having an irregularly‐outlined nucleus with or without intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusion and many microvilli, no reaction product was visualized (negative cells). The positive cells were frequently found in 2 follicular carcinomas and 2 papillary carcinomas. Only a few number of positive cells presented in 2 papillary carcinomas. The remaining 8 papillary carcinomas were composed only of negative cells. Histologically, follicles with colloid were frequently found in carcinomas with abundant positive cells, whereas they were few in number in carcinomas containing only negative cells.

These findings suggest that loss of peroxidase activity in cancer cells of follicular cell origin correlates with anaplastic change of the cancer cells.
“HPV SCORE”, A SCORING SYSTEM FOR HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN DYSPLASIA OF THE UTERINE CERVIX
Authors: Toki Toshihiko , Yajima Akira
Published: January 2009

We devised a scoring system, “HPV score”, for histological diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in dysplasia of the uterine cervix. Four hundred and sixty cases of cervical dysplasia were screened for the presence of HPV infection using this system, and 116 cases (25%) were judged to be HPV infection. The results showed good correlation with those obtained using the immunoperoxldase (IMPO) method, but 42 of the 116 cases (36%) were negative for HPV antigen by the IMPO method. Severe stromal inflammation was noted in about half of such cases. Among the four histological types of cervical condyloma, the flat type was most common among the cases with HPV infection judged according to HPV score. It was concluded that this scoring system is simple and accurate for the detection of HPV infection in cervical lesions.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NEOVASCULARIZATION IN ADENOVIRUS‐12‐INDUCED RETINAL TUMOR
Authors: Sawada Tatsuo , Nakamura Mari , Sakurai Isamu , Mukai Noritsugu , Kobayashi Makio
Published: January 2009

In order to elucidate a relationship between newly formed micro‐blood vessels in retinal tumor and blood‐retina barrier, we studied light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings of newly‐formed micro‐blood vessels in human adenovirus 12‐induced retlnoblastoma‐Hke tumors in rats. In contrast to other experimentally induced tumors of the central nervous system, there was no evidence of formation of Weibel‐Palade bodies and endothelial gaps in this experimental model of retinoblastoma, but factor VIII related antigen was evidently demonstrated. Increased pinocytotic vesicles suggested that the vast majority of these blood vessels did not retain the normal physiological barrier functions. The basement membrane of the micro‐blood vessels was poorly developed. The morphological characteristics of the micro‐blood vessels of this retinoblastoma‐like tumor were compared with those of human retinoblastoma and other experimentally induced tumors of the central nervous system.
GIANT CELL PNEUMONIA IN LETTERER‐SIWE DISEASE
Authors: Shimizu Tohru , Fukushima Noriko , Ebihara Yoshiro , Sata Tetsutaro , Aoyama Yuzo
Published: January 2009

An 8‐month‐old girl suffered from Letterer‐Siwe disease since one week after birth. During the chemotherapy, giant cell pneumonia caused by measles virus infection developed and led rapidly to her death. Histopathologically, alveolar spaces were lined by multi‐nucleated giant cells with intranuclear and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. Electronmicroscopical examination of the lung revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies full of rod‐shaped structures characteristic to paramyxoviruses, and irregular electron‐dense materials compatible with nucleocapsid protein antigens in the cytoplasm. Additionally these giant cells were observed in the salivary glands, thyroid gland, thymus and lymph nodes. The measles virus antigen was detected immunohistochemically in these giant cells in the lungs and other organs. The specific antibody of measles virus is helpful to study the pathogenesis of giant cell pneumonia.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ENDOTHELIUM
Authors: Tokunaga Osamu , Watanabe Teruo
Published: January 2009

A simple and highly reproducible culture method of aortic endothelial cells from cadaver is herein reported. Major bacterial contamination could be prevented by administration of an antibiotic cocktail consisting of gentatnicin, ampicillin, and amphotericin B. Endothelial cells from the thoracic aorta were viable up to 17 hours postmortem and successfully culturable from the aorta by dispase desquamation from the subendothelial substrate. The cultured cells varied in size and shape depending on the degree of individual atherosclerotic severity and could be divided into two major subtypes. The first type is a small and polygonal uniform cell (typical endothelial cell) and the second type is a mixture of spindle and giant bizarre cells often associated with multinuclei (variant endothelial cell). Both types of endothelial cells have characteristics specific for endothelium, such as factor VIII related surface antigen, Weibel‐Palade body, and high productivity of prostacyclin.
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA OF LOWER NEPHRON ORIGIN
Authors: Aizawa Shigeo , Kikuchi Yasushi , Suzuki Masafumi , Furusato Masakuni
Published: January 2009

Thirty‐four renal cell carcinomas, including 4 small tumors localized in the medulla were studied by means of histochemical and immunohistochemical methods using the markers for the lower nephron. Seven tumors had binding sites for soybean and peanut agglutinins and showed positive reactions to monoclonal antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin. All these markers normally exist in the epithelial cells of distal and collecting tubules. There was no tumor from the thick ascending limb in our materials because of negative reaction to the monoclonal antibody against Tamm‐Horsfall protein. Also negative was to CEA, which means there was no adenocarcinoma of colonic metaplastic origin from the renal pelvic mucosa. There were two histologically different types of cancers derived from the lower nephron, papillotubular adenocarcinoma with partial transitional differentiation, and papillary adenocarcinoma. All seven patients were males, aged between 30 and 84 years. The prognosis was quite poor since all six patients with known follow‐up died of tumor.
A LIGHT MICROSCOPICAL STUDY OF ISOLATED FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELL‐CLUSTERS IN HUMAN TONSILS
Authors: Tsunoda Rikiya , Kojima Mizu
Published: January 2009

In order to re‐examine the cellular structure of isolated FDC‐culsters in the germinal centers of human tonsils, a light microscopical analysis was made. Approximately 14 FDC‐clusters were recovered from one enucleated germinal center using the enzyme digestion technique. The minimum unit of the FDC‐clusters was composed of one FDC and 8 to 9 lymphocytes. Most of the FDC‐clusters were representative of the microenvironment of the light zone at the germinal center in situ. Half of the engulfed centrocytes were supposed to be at the G0 phase, and the others at the G, to G2 phase. It is suspected that the helper‐T cell has some relationship to the FDC microenvironment, and that the suppressor‐T cell does not. Most of the CIgG‐containing cells in the germinal centers were considered to have infiltrated into the interspace of the FDC microenvironment.
MONOPHASIC AND BIPHASIC SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
Authors: Tsujimoto Masahiko , Ueda Takafumi , Nakashima Hiroshi , Hamada Hideki , Ishiguro Shingo , Aozasa Katsuyuki
Published: January 2009

Seven cases of synovial sarcoma (SS), two with biphasic and five with monophasic histology, were studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filaments, keratin, and vlmentin. Slender spindle cells and plump cells were constant components of all the tumors. Epithelioid cells were present only in biphasic SS. Epithelioid cells and plump cells were positively stained by both keratin and vimentin. Slender spindle cells were stained positive for vlmentin and negative for keratin. Staining manner of each cell type was similar irrespective of monophasic or biphasic pattern. Present immunohistochemical studies suggested that monophasic or biphasic patterns in SS should be regarded as a different expression of the same disease. In addition, immunohistochemistry proved to be a useful tool to detect plump cells which were difficult to find on routine staining.
PRODUCTION OF COLLAGEN FIBRILS IN ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Matsuo Kenji , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: January 2009

The production of collagen fibrils, especially collagen type III, was studied with regard to eight adrenocortical adenomas with Cushing's syndrome. Anti‐type III procollagen amino‐terminal peptide serum (procollagen III) was employed for the PAP method. In areas of clear‐type cells, the parenchymal cells were negative for procollagen III, but the stroma exhibited an intense reactivity and were arranged in an alveolar fashion. On the other hand, it was obvious that not only interstitial cells or spindle‐shaped cells but also the parenchymal cells synthesized procollagen III in areas of compact‐type cells, and the stroma showed a strongly positive reaction to it.
GIANT CELL MYOCARDITIS IN ASSOCIATION WITH DRUG‐INDUCED SKIN ERUPTION
Authors: Ishikawa Hieoshi , Kaneko Hiroshi , Watanabe Hisashi , Takagi Akio , Ming Zhang Wei
Published: January 2009

A case of giant cell myocarditis In a 19‐year‐old woman is presented. She had high fever, vomiting, epigastralgia, cardiomegaly, and disseminated papular erythema probably due to anti‐epileptic agents. At autopsy, giant cell myocarditis and the myositis of the systemic skeletal muscles were found. To our knowledge, no case of giant cell myocarditis in association with drug‐induced skin eruption was reported. This is a rare case of giant cell myocarditis.
SERIAL SECTION ANALYSIS OF THE LESIONS IN DIFFUSE PANBRONCHIOLITIS
Authors: Maeda Masahiro , Saiki Shigeki , Yamanaka Akira
Published: January 2009

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is clinically and pathologically an independent entity and should be discriminated from the usual bronchiolitis obliterans. The lesions of 20 cases of DPB were serially sectioned and reconstruction was made focusing on the region from the terminal to the respiratory bronchioles. Morphological changes in the region of the respiratory bronchioles were clearly understood and were classified into three types by the presence and the size of the intraluminal granulation tissue. The walls of the respiratory bronchioles were thickened with cell infiltration and granulation tissue in all foci (28 in total), and 26 foci showed intraluminal granulation tissue whereas only 2 foci did not exhibit intraluminal plugs. Xanthoma cells were mostly observed in the interstitial tissue of the alveolar ducts, sacs, and septal walls distal to the stenotic sites as well as in the alveolar spaces in the marked cases.
PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY BONE MARROW EMBOLISM
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: January 2009

The author investigated the morphogenesis of pulmonary arteriosclerosis in rabbits at 2 days to 3 months after the infusion of sliced fresh allogeneic bone marrow (500 mg) into the marginal ear vein of 87 rabbits. After 2 to 7 days, granulation tissue was formed in the embolized bone marrow, and new endothelial cells appeared on the surface resulting in recanalization. By 2 weeks, embolized bone marrow developed into fibrous and fibro‐fatty plaques in the arterial wall. Moreover, from 4 weeks on, smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers proliferated in the emboli just beneath the new endothelial lining. The intima of non‐embolized small arteries showed circumferential fibroelastosis, as the result of arteritis and followed by proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells, with narrowing of vascular lumen. The medial smooth muscle cells play an important role in the morphogenesis of pulmonary arteriosclerosis in bone marrow embolism. Pulmonary arterial pressure gradually increased 1 month as well as 3 months after the infusion. It Is considered that narrowing of the vascular lumen resulted from post‐embolic pulmonary arteriosclerosis may produce persistent pulmonary hypertension.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF ENDOGENOUS PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN BENIGN THYROID DISEASES
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Moriuchi Akira , Nakayama Iwao
Published: January 2009

Ultrastructural localization of endogenous thyroid peroxidase under benign pathological conditions such as toxic diffuse goiter, non‐toxic multinodular goiter, and adenoma, and in normal tissue was studied. Peroxidase activity was visualized by a cytochemical reaction for electron microscopy. In toxic diffuse goiters and most non‐toxic multinodular goiters, reaction product for peroxidase was observed not only in the cytoplasm but also at the external surface of microvilli of follicular cells. In normal thyroid tissues and adenomas, peroxidase was visualized only in the cytoplasm. Peroxidase activity at the external surface of microvilli of the follicular cells was found in the tissues obtained from the goiters which showed “hot” radioidine scintigram. These findings suggest that follicles with peroxidase activity at the external surface of microvilli in non‐toxic multinodular goiter are “autonomous follicles” and that peroxidase at the external surface of microvilli plays some role in active iodine uptake.