bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitioning HIV-Infected Youth Into Adult Health Care
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC AIDS, Chakraborty Rana , Van Dyke Russell B. , Flynn Patricia M. , Aldrovandi Grace M. , Chadwick Ellen Gould , Cooper Ellen Rae , Schwarzwald Heidi , Martinez Jaime
Published: June 2013

This Policy Statement was retired July 2020.

With advances in antiretroviral therapy, most HIV-infected children survive into adulthood. Optimal health care for these youth includes a formal plan for the transition of care from primary and/or subspecialty pediatric/adolescent/family medicine health care providers (medical home) to adult health care provider(s). Successful transition involves the early engagement and participation of the youth and his or her family with the pediatric medical home and adult health care teams in developing a formal plan. Referring providers should have a written policy for the transfer of HIV-infected youth to adult care, which will guide in the development of an individualized plan for each youth. The plan should be introduced to the youth in early adolescence and modified as the youth approaches transition. Assessment of developmental milestones is important to define the readiness of the youth in assuming responsibility for his or her own care before initiating the transfer. Communication among all providers is essential and should include both personal contact and a written medical summary. Progress toward the transition should be tracked and, once completed, should be documented and assessed.
Development of Nanocrystalline Silicon Based Multi-junction Solar Cell Technology for High Volume Manufacturing
Authors: Xu Xixiang , Zhang Jinyan , Hu Anhong , Yu Cao , Qu Minghao , Peng Changtao , Ru Xiaoning , Wang Jianqiang , Lin Furong , Shan Hongqing , Li Yuanmin , Yan Hui
Published: June 2013

We conduct a comparative study mainly on two types of nc-Si based solar cell structures, a-Si/a-SiGe/nc-Si triple-junction and a-Si/nc-Si double-junction. We have attained comparable initial efficiency for the both solar cell structures, 10.8∼11.8% initial total area efficiency (85 - 95W over an area of 0.79 m2). For better compatibility to our installed manufacturing equipment, we deposit a-Si and a-SiGe component cells with the existing deposition machines. Only nc-Si bottom component cells are prepared in separate deposition machines tailored for nc-Si process. Material properties of nc-Si and TCO films are also studied by Raman spectra, SEM, and AFM.
Midwife-Led Units: A Place to Work, A Place to Give Birth
Authors: de Labrusse Claire , Kiger Alice
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND:With an estimated 120 midwife-led units (MLUs) and 15 years’ experience, the United Kingdom displays expertise in what ways women and professionals might benefit from MLUs. This study explored midwives’ satisfaction and skills for working in an MLU and a consultant unit (CU) and how these compared.

METHODS:In this exploratory study, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected by anonymous questionnaire from 45 midwives in 2 Scottish maternity units (July 2007).

RESULTS:Midwives working in the MLUs reported a higher level of job satisfaction than midwives working in the CU. Demographic characteristics of the 2 groups differed: MLU midwives were older, had been in practice longer, and had higher grade posts. Qualitative findings revealed some reasons midwives preferred working in the MLU with the emotional support they could give to women, and highlighted some negative predictors of midwives’ satisfaction. The questionnaire also explored the midwives’ practice: most agreed that the ability to avert and manage problems, work in a low-technology setting, and let labor be are necessary to work in these units.

CONCLUSION:Our findings revealed midwives’ greater satisfaction from working in MLU compared to CU. We identified midwives’ opinions of specific skills to work in MLU, highlighting areas of importance for midwifery.
Guidelines for Motivating and Assisting Patients With Smoking Cessation in Dental Settings
Authors: Davis C. Ervin , Serio Francis G. , Califano Joseph V.
Published: June 2013

Focused Clinical Question: Periodontal disease is related to use of tobacco, particularly cigarettes. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, with 20% of annual deaths attributable to smoking‐related illness. How does motivating patients to quit smoking challenge periodontists and other providers to improve clinical management?

Summary: Four patient cases from the author's (CED) clinical practice in behavioral medicine illustrate key points in management of two patients who were successful in quitting smoking and two who were unsuccessful quitting.

Conclusion: These cases illustrate some of the characteristics of patients and factors that contribute to successful smoking cessation and provide examples and practical information for use in the dental office for helping patients with smoking cessation.
One-Stage Revision Arthroplasty for Infected Hip Replacements
Authors: Muñoz-Mahamud Ernesto , Gallart Xavier , Soriano Alejandro
Published: June 2013

Infection remains a serious complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and is a leading cause of hip revision surgery. It is currently accepted that removal of the prosthesis is essential to curing an infection when facing chronic PJIs with prosthesis loosening. In order to avoid the disadvantages of a two-stage approach, some authors have proposed a one-stage hip revision for the treatment of hip prosthesis infection in selected patients using not only antibiotic-loaded cemented components but also cementless implant. In the case of a one-stage procedure, the patient is exposed to a single major procedure and therefore lower cumulative perioperative risk. A functional prosthesis replacement is completed without exposure to the complications associated with spacers. In addition, there are also benefits both financially and in terms of resource allocation.
Is There Still a Place for Continuous Closed Irrigation in the Management of Periprosthetic Total Knee Infection?
Authors: Royo Antonio , Bertrand Maria Luisa , Ramos Laura , Fernandez-Gordillo Fernando , Guerado Enrique
Published: June 2013

In recent decades, many technical improvements have been achieved in the use of prosthetic joints, and the risk of infection has been greatly reduced, to current rates of 0.4-2.0% following primary knee replacement. However, the increasing rate of joint replacements being performed means that the absolute number of such infections remains significant and poses substantial costs to healthcare systems worldwide. Accordingly, further strategies to treat and prevent total joint infections should be investigated.

Infections following knee replacements can compromise the function and durability of arthroplasty. When these infections occur during the immediate postoperative period, irrigation and debridement with component retention can be attempted to salvage the implant. This is an attractive, cheap, low-morbidity treatment for periprosthetic knee infection. However, the results published regarding this procedure are uneven; some studies report the eradication of prosthetic joint infection by debridement alone in 70-90% of cases but conversely, others have reported a high failure rate for this procedure, averaging 68% (61-82%). The difference could be attributed in part to the multiplicity of variables that may influence the success of the procedure. One such is that of treatment with a continuous irrigation system, which has the theoretical advantage of enabling the administration of antimicrobial agents, as well as the drainage of debris and blood clots.

The objective of this study is to elucidate the overall efficacy of irrigation and debridement with prosthesis retention in infected total knee arthroplasty and to determine whether the addition of a continuous irrigation system influences this efficacy.
Management of Infection After Intramedullary Nailing of Long Bone Fractures: Treatment Protocols and Outcomes
Authors: Makridis Kostas G , Tosounidis Theodoros , Giannoudis Peter V
Published: June 2013

Implant related sepsis is a relatively unusual complication of intra-medullary nail fixation of long bone fractures. Depending on the extent of infection, timing of diagnosis and progress of fracture union, different treatment strategies have been developed. The aim of this review article is to collect and analyze the existing evidence about the incidence and management of infection following IM nailing of long bone fractures and to recommend treatment algorithms that could be valuable in everyday clinical practice. After searching the P u b M e d /Medline databases, 1270 articles were found related to the topic during the last 20 years. The final review included 28 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Only a few prospective studies exist to report on the management of infection following IM nailing of long-bone fractures. In general, stage I (early) infections only require antibiotic administration with/without debridement. Stage II (delayed) infections can be successfully treated with debridement, IM reaming, antibiotic nails, and administration of antibiotics. Infected non-unions are best treated with exchange nailing, antibiotic administration and when infection has been eradicated with graft implantation if it is needed. Debridement, exchange nailing and systemic administration of antibiotics is the best indication for stage III (late) infections, while stage III infected non-unions can successfully be treated with nail removal and Ilizarov frame, especially when large bone defects exist.
Trauma and the Father Image: Fantasies and Complexes in the Rorschach Test
Authors: Salvatore Settineri , Eleonora Lo Presti , Marco Liotta , Carmela Mento
Published: June 2013

In the interpretation of the Rorschach test, the features of the table IV inkblot evoke a dimension of authority,
morals and related emotions. Interestingly, the father figure is related to ego development and also guides towards maturity
via more evolved emotions such as feelings of shame and guilt. In some cases these feelings are found to be lacking in
adults experiencing depression. The aim of this work is to analyze the relationship between the representational world in
relation to the father figure and depressive mood disorders. The group of subjects is composed of 25 patients who had a
psychiatric diagnosis of “Depressive episode”. The presence of specific phenomena brings out the complexes, the uneasy
and conflictual relationship with the father figure submerged in the unconscious thus emerges. Shock is thereby manifested
in relation to the black in which the large, dark, and blurred stimulus is perceived as sinister, threatening and dangerous.
The trauma emerges in the result of a relationship with a father who has not allowed the child to manage similarities
and differences. From the nature of the answers of the Rorschach protocols, it emerges that the symbolic abilities of
subjects are not fully developed or have been attacked by an early trauma.
Wagner’s law versus Keynesian hypothesis: Evidence from pre-WWII Greece
Authors: Antonis Antoniou , Constantinos Katrakilidis , Persefoni Tsaliki
Published: June 2013

With data of over a century, 1833-1938, this paper attempts, for the first
time, to analyze the causal relationship between income and government
spending in the Greek economy for such a long period; that is, to gain some
insight into Wagner and Keynesian Hypotheses. The time period of the
analysis represents a period of growth, industrialization and modernization
of the economy, conditions which are conducive to Wagner?s Law but also to
the Keynesian Hypothesis. The empirical analysis resorts to Autoregressive
Distributed Lag (ARDL) Cointegration method and tests for the presence of
possible structural breaks. The results reveal a positive and statistically
significant long run causal effect running from economic performance towards
the public size giving support to Wagner?s Law in Greece, whereas for the
Keynesian hypothesis some doubts arise for specific time sub-periods.
Robust linear parameter varying induction motor control with polytopic models
Authors: Dalila Khamari , Abdessalem Makouf , Said Drid , Chrifi-Alaoui Larbi
Published: June 2013

This paper deals with a robust controller for an induction motor which is
represented as a linear parameter varying systems. To do so linear matrix
inequality (LMI) based approach and robust Lyapunov feedback controller are
associated. This new approach is related to the fact that the synthesis of a
linear parameter varying (LPV) feedback controller for the inner loop take
into account rotor resistance and mechanical speed as varying parameter. An
LPV flux observer is also synthesized to estimate rotor flux providing
reference to cited above regulator. The induction motor is described as a
polytopic model because of speed and rotor resistance affine dependence their
values can be estimated on line during systems operations. The simulation
results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach
where robustness stability and high performances have been achieved over the
entire operating range of the induction motor.
The Slavs and Vlachs in the Byzantine system of provincial organization in the Southern Balkans until the XI century: Similarities and differencies
Authors: Cvetkovic Milos
Published: June 2013

The paper is devoted to establishing the circumstances and manner under which
the Slav tribes and Vlachs in the southern Balkans were being integrated into
the Byzantine system of provincial administration. Constantinople militarily
imposed sovereignty on the settled Slavs, which was the first step towards
their integration into the Byzantine state and society. When it comes to
Vlachs, there was no use of military force. Special methods were applied to
fit their autonomous organization into the frames oh the empire. In this
regard, the paper compares the patterns of the integration processes of the
two mentioned ethnic groups.
In the Chronographia, is Michael Psellos’ concern for the army entirely disinterested?
Authors: Vratimos Antonios
Published: June 2013

The present article analyzes Psellos? commentary on the disarray of the
Byzantine army in the Chronographia. The topic is examined in relation to the
political circumstances of the time, and the author?s own particular
situation. It is possible to conclude that much of his commentary on the
military in the Chronographia is disingenuous and is influenced by his own
position and interests.
The beauty of dialog: The disputes between the Greek and Latin theologians in the period of the Komnenoi from the western perspective
Authors: Seferovic Relja
Published: June 2013

On the basis of the chosen Latin primary sources on religious disputes held
by the Greek and Latin theologians in the 12th century we assess the
intellectual climate in both camps in the eve of the great crisis and the
outbreak of mutual hostilities after the government of the Emperor Manuel I.
Komnenos, as well as the concrete contribution of these disputes to the
Western intellectual culture.
Le culte et l’iconographie des deux st. Andre de Crete
Authors: Pavlovic Dragana
Published: June 2013

This paper discusses the cult and iconography on frescoes of two St. Andrews
developed within the Byzantine world, one being an archbishop of Crete and
the other, his homonym, a saint from the same island, known as Saint Andrew
?in Crisi?. Those researches proved that both homonym saints were venerated
not only through the entire medieval period but moreover, their cults
developed equally, however St. Andrew, the archbishop of Crete, was more
prominent figure than his homonym. Nevertheless, the same epithet and name
brings to confusion in their later identification. After a thorough
examination of iconography of two saints in certain representations of
Crete?s archbishop, the other saint is identified, a homonym of the famous
byzantine writer.
The idea of civil war in thirteenth and fourteenth-century - Byzantium
Authors: Kyriakidis Savvas
Published: June 2013

This paper discusses thirteenth and fourteenth-century Byzantine perceptions
of civil wars, which were a common feature in the late Byzantine period. It
investigates how the most important authors of the period understood and
defined the idea of civil war. It explores the Byzantine understanding of the
differences between military conflicts which were fought between subjects and
employees of the emperor and wars the empire fought against its external
enemies. In addition, it examines the views the imperial authorities and the
authors of the period express about wars against enemies with whom the later
Byzantines shared a common cultural, ethnic and religious background.
The man of sorrows and the lamenting virgin: The example at Markov Manastir
Authors: Tomic-Djuric Marka
Published: June 2013

The frescoes of the Man of Sorrows and the lamenting Virgin in the church of
Saint Demetrios at Markov Manastir (1376/77) are depicted in the western part
of the naos, which is a departure from their usual location in the sanctuary.
The paper, therefore, looks at the location of these frescoes in the context
of the entire fresco program at Markov Manastir. What is distinct is a
conceptual link between the frescoes in the sanctuary and the depiction of
the Dead Christ and the Virgin on the western wall. The relationship between
the Incarnation and the death of Christ is considered from a theological and
liturgical standpoint. Related examples of icons whose iconographic and
thematic solutions share the same conceptual tenets are also analyzed, as
well as the influence of the texts read during the Passion Service on the
placement of the frescoes of the Dead Christ and the Virgin.
Evaluation of Selected Hydrogeological Parameters of Weathered Granite in the Strzegom Area (Lower Silesia)
Authors: Gorecka Joanna Maria , Marszałek Henryk
Published: June 2013

Streszczenie

W artykule przedstawiono wykształcenie litologiczne, miąższości oraz charakterystykę parametrów hydroge­ologicznych zwietrzelin granitu strzegomskiego. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań oprócz aspektu poznawczego mają również znaczenie utylitarne, m.in. przy pracach rozpoznawczych przed udostępnieniem kolejnych partii złóż granitów do eksploatacji. Badania parametrów filtracyjnych zwietrzelin przeprowadzono w rejonie kamie­niołomów zlokalizowanych w obszarze Wzgórz Strzegomskich.

W profilu zwietrzelin wydzielono dwie ich odmiany różniące się składem granulometrycznym, miąższością i właściwościami filtracyjnymi. W górnej części występują gliniaste pokrywy stokowe o stwierdzonej maksy­malnej miąższości 1,6 m, zawierające do 70% frakcji drobnej <0,063 mm. Poniżej występują zwietrzeliny ziarniste zawierające 30-60% frakcji żwirowej i kamienistej.

Określone w warunkach polowych wartości współczynnika przepuszczalności pionowej k utworów przypo­wierzchniowych, odpowiadających w większości górnej, gliniastej warstwie zwietrzelin, są niskie i zawierają się w przedziale od 0,23 do 6,19 m/d (średnio 1,6 m/d). Najniższe wartości k wystąpiły w kamieniołomach w Granicznej, Strzegomiu, Rogoźnicy i Goczałkowie (0,5-1,5 m/d), a najwyższe w rejonie Kostrzy i Zimnika (1,5-6 m/d).

Wartości współczynnika porowatości dla pokryw gliniastych mieszczą się w granicach od 0,17 do 0,35 (średnio 0,28).Wartości współczynnika porowatości dla zwietrzelin ziarnistych są znacznie wyższe. W górnej części profilu wynosząod 0,3 do 0,45 (średnio 0,38), a w dolnej wahają się od 0,38 do 0,46 (średnio 0,43).

Wartości współczynnika filtracji k od 0,7 do 71,5 m/d (średnio 13,02 m/d), określonego w warunkach laboratoryjnych dla gliniastych pokryw zwietrzelinowych, nie różnią się znacznie od wartości uzyskanych dla gliniastych pokryw stokowych granitu karkonoskiego.

Odsączalność grawitacyjna została wyznaczona jedynie dla zwietrzeliny ziarnistej. Wynosi ona od 0,17 do 0,24 (średnio 0,22). Najniższymi wartościami cechują się zwietrzeliny w rejonie Strzegomia i Kostrzy, a naj­wyższymi w rejonie Granicznej i Borowa.

Zwietrzeliny ziarniste stanowią strefę tranzytu wód infiltracyjnych do strefy saturacji. Przepływ odbywa się tu w nienasyconym ośrodku skalnym, wskutek czego powstaje nieciągła powierzchnia piezometryczna. Pokrywy zwietrzelin gliniastych mogą tworzyć warunki naporowe dla pierwszego od powierzchni terenu poziomu wód porowo-szczelinowych, które występują w strefie spękanego granitu i w zwietrzelinach ziarnistych. Mogą one stanowić także barierę ochronną przeciw zanieczyszczeniom z terenu.

Wartości parametrów hydrogeologicznych zwietrzelin granitów strzegomskich sąpodobne do wartości zmie­rzonych na obszarze granitu karkonoskiego. Można więc przypuszczać, że prędkość migracji zanieczyszczeń będzie podobna (około 2 m/rok).

Na podstawie średnich wartości miąższości i odsączalności zwietrzelin gliniastych i ziarnistych, oceniono pojemność wodną zwietrzelin na około 110 mm.
Application of brown coal pyrolytic oils in black coal slurry flotation
Authors: Guziurek Michal , Zechner Vojtech , Fecko Peter
Published: June 2013

Streszczenie

Praca dotyczy możliwości wykorzystania olejów z pirolizy węgla brunatnego i zastosowania ich w sposób opisanyponiżej. Po pierwsze, próbki węglabrunatnego zostały pobrane z największego Regionu (Ceskoslovenska Armada Mine) i Regionu Sokolov (MineJiri) i odpowiednio przygotowane w celu uzyskania wymaganej wielkości ziarna. Próbki węgla były poddane pirolizie w zamkniętym reaktorze rurowym w temperaturze 900°C (5°C/min, przez okres 30 minut), a uzyskanym produktem była ciecz. Skład tych olejów pirolitycznych (alifatyczne i aro­matyczne węglowodory, alkohole i grupy funkcyjne) jest analogiczny jak w przypadku odczynników konwen­cjonalnych do flotacji węgla (w tym przypadku Montanol 800). Oleje użyto w procesie flotacji szlamów węgla kamiennego z Regionu Karwiny (z kopalni Lazy i osadnika z kopalni Darkov). Oleje pirolityczne stosowano w mieszaninie z Montanolem 800 w dawce 500 g/Mg i proporcje poszczególnych odczynników różniły od 1:4 do 5:0 (pirolityczny olej: Montanol 800). Ostateczne wartości, czyli uzysk koncentratu i zawartość popiołu, zostały porównane z wartościami uzyskanymi przy zastosowaniu czystego Montanolu 800. Zawartość popiołu w kon­centracie flotacyjnym została ustalona na poziomie 10%. Węgiel zawiera siarkę, której związki sąprzeniesione do płynnych produktów podczas pirolizy. Niektóre próbki węgla brunatnego poddano bakteryjnemu odsiarczaniu węgla stosując czyste kultury bakterii Ferrooxidans Acidithiobacillus w celu ustalenia, czy zawartość siarki ma wpływ na wyniki flotacji. Wyniki potwierdziły, że oleje pirolityczne mogą być stosowane do flotacji szlamów węgla, a otrzymane koncentraty będą zawierać poniżej 10% popiołu. Jednak może to być osiągnięte jedynie poprzez zmieszanie olejów z Montanolem 800; stosowanie samego oleju pirolitycznego nie dało zadowalających wyników. Pośrednim wynikiem eksperymentu było określenie ciepła spalania i wartości gazu pirolitycznego. Wyniki sugerują, że może on być stosowany jako paliwo alternatywne.
The Memorialisation of the Highland Clearances in Scottish Museums
Authors: Gouriévidis Laurence
Published: June 2013

This article focuses on the representation of the Highland Clearances – one of the most painful and controversial themes in modern Scottish history – in Scottish museum spaces. It brings to light the social, economic and political implications of the interpretation of this period through a survey of twelve independent local museums and two national museums. It argues that the Clearances have become a crucially defining landmark at a local but also national level. Yet the way the Clearances are represented in narratives differs significantly, showing the extent to which the meaning ascribed to the clearing process and its consequences is socially and historically conditioned. Whilst the symbolic and emotional resonance of the period as a traumatic rupture prevails, it has also come to articulate a political vision intrinsically linked with land reform in a devolved Scotland, and a transnational identity owing much to the imaginary of the Scottish diaspora.
The ‘Messak Project’: Archaeological Research for Cultural Heritage Management in SW Libya
Authors: Biagetti Stefano , Cancellieri Emanuele , Cremaschi Mauro , Gauthier Christine , Gauthier Yves , Zerboni Andrea , Gallinaro Marina
Published: June 2013

The Messak plateau contains remarkable evidence of human occupation during prehistoric and historic times, such as rock art engravings, megalithic monuments, and scatters of stone tools. Since 1980 these remains have been heavily affected by oil extraction-related operations, and it has only been over the last decade that these operations were adequately supported by archaeological mitigation strategies. The ‘Messak Project’ was originally conceived as a three-year programme (2010–2012) focusing on a range of co-ordinated actions to increase the knowledge of the area, to assess any damage and potential risks, and to preserve and manage the cultural heritage. Uprisings in Libya led to the sudden interruption of the project in late February 2011. Nevertheless, major results of the projects include: the compilation of a database of circa 10,000 sites, including hundreds of unpublished sites from previous surveys; the discovery of circa 2500 new archaeological sites; and the drawing of a set of GIS-based maps. In this paper we firstly introduce the materials and methods of the ‘Messak Project’, and secondly, we present an updated overview of the archaeological landscape of the Messak in the light of the project’s recent achievements.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Authors: Alves Giordano Rafael Tronco , Cordenonsi Isadora Cristina Olesiak , Silva Régis Vinícius de Andrade , Haygert Carlos Jesus Pereira
Published: June 2013

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) comprises a unique pattern of brain vasogenic edema that is seen in the setting of a neurotoxic status. Besides many etiologies have been already associated with PRES development, such as chronic renal disease, use of chemotherapy agents and inflammatory conditions, the imaging features are very suggestive and helpful for an appropriate diagnosis. We report here a case of PRES secondary to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), which evolved successfully after clinical management. An 11-year-old boy was admitted with a typical history and findings of PSGN, associated with sensory alterations, headache and recent tonic-clonic seizure. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head has revealed bilateral and symmetric hypodense areas, remarkably located at posterior cerebral regions, indicating PRES. Patient received support therapy with diuretics, and antibiotics prescription after discharge. At ambulatory follow-ups, the patient remains asymptomatic, with complete clinical and radiological improvement.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 341-343 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.13323
Cost and outcome of caesarean section in a public and private hospital in Dhaka city
Authors: Sabnom Roskana , Islam Md. Ziaul
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgical interventions to ensure safe delivery and outcome. Cost of CS is comparatively higher in private hospitals but it is not verified that this higher cost could influence the better outcome in private over a public hospital. Objectives: To compare cost and outcome of caesarean section between a public and private hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among 130 clients of CS from Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Holly Family Red Crescent Hospital (HFRCH). Data were collected by face-to-face interview and reviewing medical documents. Cost of CS was estimated in terms of direct and indirect cost of CS incurred by the women while outcome was assessed by finding the health condition of the mother and newborn. Result: Majority of the women had CS as per doctor's advice. Majority (61.5%) had different kind of problems after CS including lower abdominal pain (86.0% in HFRCH and 69.2% in DMCH) and fever (10.7% in HFRCH and 17.3% in DMCH). Average cost of CS was significantly higher in HFRCH (Tk.36852.90±8396.38) than in DMCH (Tk.7344.23± 5081.67) [t(128), p<0.01]. Both direct and indirect cost of CS were significantly lower in DMCH than in HFRCH [t(128), p<0.01]. Outcome of CS was significantly better to mothers in DMCH than of HFRCH [?2 (7.9)=0.048, p<.05]. Conclusion: Cost of CS was higher in private hospital while outcome was better in public hospital. Effective measures are recommended for reduction of cost of CS to make it cost-effective. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 276-281 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15424
Studies on the conversion of ketones of heterocyclic spiro compounds having barbituric acid moieties into oxime derivatives
Authors: Rahman MM , Halim ME , Ahmed SM , Akhter K , Romman UKR
Published: June 2013

Five oxime derivatives 7, 11-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-thioxo-2,4-diazaspiro[5,5]undecane-1,5,9-trione-9-oxime (2a), 7,11-bis-(4- methoxyphenyl)-2,4-diazaspiro[5,5]undecane-1,3,5,9-tetraone-9-oxime (2b), 7,11-diphenyl-2,4-diazaspiro[5,5]undecane-1,3,5,9-tetraone- 9-oxime (2c), 7,11-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-thioxo-2,4-diazaspiro[5,5]undecane-1,5,9-trione-9-oxime (2d), 7,11-diphenyl-3-thioxo-2,4- diazaspiro[5,5]undecane-1,5,9-trione-9-oxime (2e) were synthesized from the corresponding 7,11-diaryl-2,4-diazaspiro[5,5]undecane-3- oxo (or thioxo)-1,5,9-triones (1a-e) with hydroxylaminehydrogenchloride in presence of pyrimidine in absolute alcohol. The structures of the compounds 2a-e were confirmed by their UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data and elemental analyses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15383 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 7-12, 2013
Pectinase production by Aspergillus niger isolated from decomposed apple skin
Authors: Islam S , Feroza B , Alam AKMR , Begum S
Published: June 2013

Pectinase activity among twelve different fungal strains, Aspergillus niger IM09 was identified as a potential one to produce maximal level 831 U/g at pH 4.0. Media composition, incubation temperature, incubation time, substrate concentration, aeration, inoculum size, assay temperature and nitrogen sources were found to effect pectinase activity. Moisture content did not affect the activity significantly. Media composition was varied to optimize the enzyme production in solid state fermentation. It was observed that the highest pectinase activity of 831.0 U/g was found to produce in presence of yeast extract as a nitrogen source in combination with ammonium sulfate in assay media. Aeration showed positive significant effects on pectinase production 755 U/g at 1000 ml flasks. The highest pectinase production was found at 2 g pectin (521 U/g) used as a substrate. Pectinolytic activity was found to have undergone catabolite repression with higher pectin concentration (205 U/g at 5 g pectin). The incubation period to achieve maximum pectinase activity by the isolated strain Aspergillus niger IM09 was 3 days, which is suitable from the commercial point of view. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15410 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 25-32, 2013
Synthetic seeds - A novel approach for the conservation of endangered C. spiralis wt. and C. pusilla
Authors: Murthy KSR , Reddy MC , Kondamudi R
Published: June 2013

In the present study best suitable explant for encapsulation and effect of nutrient composition of alginate matrix on regrowth performance of encapsulated explants of endangered C. spiralis and C. pusilla were studied. Among all the explants tested, good sprouting frequency was observed with shoot tips in both the species. Where as, multiple shoot induction with maximum shoot length was noticed with nodes. Sprouting frequency and viability of explants were reported in both the encapsulation mixtures tested. But, the significant increase in sprouting percentage, maximum number of shoots formed for each encapsulated explant and maximum shoot length were achieved with the encapsulation matrix prepared with Murashige and Skoog (MS) + 3 mg/L Benzyle amino purine (BAP) + 3 % sucrose + 3 % sodium alginate in both the species C. spiralis and C. pusilla. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15412 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 39-42, 2013
Bifurcation study of thermal flows through a rotating curved square duct
Authors: Mondal RN , Datta AK , Mondal B
Published: June 2013

In this paper, a comprehensive numerical study is presented for the fully developed thermal flows through a rotating curved duct with square cross section. Numerical calculations are carried out over a wide range of the Taulor number 0?Tr?3000 for two cases of the Dean numbers, Dn=1000 and Dn=2000. A tempature difference is applied across the vertical sidewalls for the Grushof number Gr=500, where the outer wall is heated and the inner wall colled. Spectral method is used as a basic tool to slove the system of non-linear differential equations. The rotation of the duct about the center of curvature is imposed, and the effects of rotation (Coriolis force) on the flow characteristics are investigated. As a result, multiple branches of asymmetric stady solutions with two-, three- and four-vortex solutions are obtained. Linear stability of the steady solutions is also investigated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15415 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 59-70, 2013
Breeding biology of coppersmith barbet, Megalaima haemacephala (Müller, 1776)
Authors: Sarker Noor Jahan , Jaman M Firoj , Mustafa Shariar , Rahman Md Saidur
Published: June 2013

Breeding biology of the Coppersmith barbet, Megalaima haemacephala (Müller, 1776) was carried out between February, 2006 and January, 2007 at Sharawardy Uddyan, Ramna Park, Curzon Hall and National Botanical Garden. The breeding season started from December and ended in June. In total 20 nests were observed, of which 10 nests were studied in details in four study areas. The coppersmith barbet mostly preferred to make holes on the branches of koroi (Albizzia procera) for nesting. Egg laying started on 15th February in the study areas. Average height of nests from the ground was 9.7m and average depth and diameter of the holes was 29.20cm and 4.46cm respectively. New holes were constructed yearly or the old one was reused. Both the sexes took part in incubation of eggs, brooding and feeding to the nestlings. A total of 30 eggs were laid in 10 nests. Clutch size varied from 2  4 eggs (average: 3 eggs). Among them, 20 (66.67%) eggs were hatched and the rest 10 (33.33%) were unhatched and lost. Average incubation period was 14 days. The male and the female incubated the eggs for an average of 27.44 minutes/ hours and 32.56 minutes/ hours, respectively. Average number of nestlings (brood size) per nest was 2. Out of 20 nestlings, 16 left their nests successively. The breeding success was 53.33% in relation to the number of eggs laid and 80% in relation to nestlings hatched. The average weight of eggs and nestlings was 3.59g and 9.33g, respectively. The main causes of loss of the eggs and nestlings were human interference, predation and ectoparasitic infections. Insects and fruits were fed to the nestlings by their parents.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15397Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 31-34
Screening of Derris indica Bennet. for cytotoxicity against Artemia salina and phytotoxicity on mustard seeds
Authors: Mondal Omar Ali , Mondal KAMSH , Islam Nurul , Khan Ataur Rahman
Published: June 2013

Chloroform extracts of the fruit shell, leaves, root bark, root wood, seeds, stem bark and stem wood of Derris indica Bennet. were tested against the brine shrimp, Artemia salina nauplii. All the test extracts of D. indica were found to be effective. The LC50 values of the extracts were 15312.37, 92.074 and 29.661 ppm for the fruit shell; 60922.83, 61.522 and 23.777 ppm for the leaf; 15312.37, 51.477 and 19.169  ppm for the root bark; 2598.584, 30.480 and 8.260 ppm for the root wood; 545.025,26.730 and  7.719 ppm  for the seed; 60922.83, 114.549 and 29.572 ppm for the stem bark and  7734.618, 58.501 and 23.694 ppm for the stem wood at 30 minute, 24 hours and 48 hours post exposures  respectively at  doses 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and 1.563 ppm against A. salina . The toxicity of the extracts could be arranged in the order: seed > root wood > root bark> stem wood > leaf > fruit shell > stem bark extract. However, the extracts did not significantly inhibit the germination of mustard oil seeds, and thus its application to crops or to the crop field may not cause any harm to crop plants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15402Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 59-64
The time of embryonic axis formation in quail eggs
Authors: Rahman Md Anisur , Yoshizaki Norio
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15440Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 89-90
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Adaptive Dynamics
Authors: Brännström Åke , Johansson Jacob , Von Festenberg Niels
Published: June 2013

Adaptive dynamics is a mathematical framework for studying evolution. It extends evolutionary game theory to account for more realistic ecological dynamics and it can incorporate both frequency- and density-dependent selection. This is a practical guide to adaptive dynamics that aims to illustrate how the methodology can be applied to the study of specific systems. The theory is presented in detail for a single, monomorphic, asexually reproducing population. We explain the necessary terminology to understand the basic arguments in models based on adaptive dynamics, including invasion fitness, the selection gradient, pairwise invasibility plots (PIP), evolutionarily singular strategies, and the canonical equation. The presentation is supported with a worked-out example of evolution of arrival times in migratory birds. We show how the adaptive dynamics methodology can be extended to study evolution in polymorphic populations using trait evolution plots (TEPs). We give an overview of literature that generalises adaptive dynamics techniques to other scenarios, such as sexual, diploid populations, and spatially-structured populations. We conclude by discussing how adaptive dynamics relates to evolutionary game theory and how adaptive-dynamics techniques can be used in speciation research.
Enzymatic Properties of Populus α- and β-NAD-ME Recombinant Proteins
Authors: Liu Jinwen , Yu Qiguo , Elsheery Nabil , Cheng Yuxiang
Published: June 2013

Plant mitochondrial NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME), which is composed of α- and β-subunits in many species, participates in many plant biosynthetic pathways and in plant respiratory metabolism. However, little is known about the properties of woody plant NAD-MEs. In this study, we analyzed four NAD-ME genes (PtNAD-ME1 through PtNAD-ME4) in the genome of Populus trichocarpa. PtNAD-ME1 and -2 encode putative α-subunits, while PtNAD-ME3 and -4 encode putative β-subunits. The Populus NAD-MEs were expressed in Escherichia coli cells as GST-tagged fusion proteins. Each recombinant GST-PtNAD-ME protein was purified to near homogeneity by glutathione-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Milligram quantities of each native protein were obtained from 1 L bacterial cultures after cleavage of the GST tag. Analysis of the enzymatic properties of these proteins in vitro indicated that α-NAD-MEs are more active than β-NAD-MEs and that α- and β-NAD-MEs presented different kinetic properties (Vmax, kcat and kcat/Km). The effect of different amounts of metabolites on the activities of Populus α- and β-NAD-MEs was assessed in vitro. While none of the metabolites evaluated in our assays activated Populus NAD-ME, oxalacetate and citrate inhibited all α- and β-NAD-MEs and glucose-6-P and fructose inhibited only the α-NAD-MEs.
A DC-DC Converter Efficiency Model for System Level Analysis in Ultra Low Power Applications
Authors: Shrivastava Aatmesh , Calhoun Benton
Published: June 2013

This paper presents a model of inductor based DC-DC converters that can be used to study the impact of power management techniques such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). System level power models of low power systems on chip (SoCs) and power management strategies cannot be correctly established without accounting for the associated overhead related to the DC-DC converters that provide regulated power to the system. The proposed model accurately predicts the efficiency of inductor based DC-DC converters with varying topologies and control schemes across a range of output voltage and current loads. It also accounts for the energy and timing overhead associated with the change in the operating condition of the regulator. Since modern SoCs employ power management techniques that vary the voltage and current loads seen by the converter, accurate modeling of the impact on the converter efficiency becomes critical. We use this model to compute the overall cost of two power distribution strategies for a SoC with multiple voltage islands. The proposed model helps us to obtain the energy benefits of a power management technique and can also be used as a basis for comparison between power management techniques or as a tool for design space exploration early in a SoC design cycle.
Correction: Gan, L.; Denecke, B. Profiling Pre-MicroRNA and Mature MicroRNA Expressions Using a Single Microarray and Avoiding Separate Sample Preparation. Microarrays 2013, 2, 24-33
Authors: Gan Lin , Denecke Bernd
Published: June 2013

It came to our attention that a paper has recently been published concerning one of the GEO datasets (GSE34413) we cited in our published paper [1]. The original reference (reference 27) cited for this dataset leads to a paper about a similar study from the same research group [2]. In order to provide readers with exact citation information, we would like to update reference 27 in our previous paper to the new published paper concerning GSE34413 [3]. The authors apologize for this inconvenience. [...]
Oligonucleotide Tagging for Copper-Free Click Conjugation
Authors: Jawalekar Anup , Malik Sudip , Verkade Jorge , Gibson Brian , Barta Nancy , Hodges John , Rowan Alan , Van Delft Floris
Published: June 2013

Copper-free click chemistry between cyclooctynes and azide is a mild, fast and selective technology for conjugation of oligonucleotides. However, technology for site-specific introduction of the requisite probes by automated protocols is scarce, while the reported cyclooctynes are large and hydrophobic. In this work, it is demonstrated that the introduction of bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) into synthetic oligonucleotides is feasible by standard solid-phase phosphoramidite chemistry. A range of phosphoramidite building blocks is presented for incoporation of BCN or azide, either on-support or in solution. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated by the straightforward and high-yielding conjugation of the resulting oligonucleotides, including biotinylation, fluorescent labeling, dimerization and attachment to polymer.
Modulation of Xenobiotic Receptors by Steroids
Authors: Banerjee Monimoy , Robbins Delira , Chen Taosheng
Published: June 2013

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of their target genes. NRs play important roles in many human diseases, including metabolic diseases and cancer, and are therefore a key class of therapeutic targets. Steroids play important roles in regulating nuclear receptors; in addition to being ligands of steroid receptors, steroids (and their metabolites) also regulate other NRs, such as the pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor (termed xenobiotic receptors), which participate in steroid metabolism. Xenobiotic receptors have promiscuous ligand-binding properties, and their structurally diverse ligands include steroids and their metabolites. Therefore, steroids, their metabolism and metabolites, xenobiotic receptors, steroid receptors, and the respective signaling pathways they regulate have functional interactions. This review discusses these functional interactions and their implications for activities mediated by steroid receptors and xenobiotic receptors, focusing on steroids that modulate pathways involving the pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor. The emphasis of the review is on structure-function studies of xenobiotic receptors bound to steroid ligands.
A Strategy for Hydroxide Exclusion in Nanocrystalline Solid-State Metathesis Products
Authors: Cheng Jiaqi , Poduska Kristin
Published: June 2013

We demonstrate a simple strategy to either prevent or enhance hydroxide incorporation in nanocrystalline solid-state metathesis reaction products prepared in ambient environments. As an example, we show that ZnCO3 (smithsonite) or Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 (hydrozincite) forms extremely rapidly, in less than two minutes, to form crystalline domains of 11 ± 2 nm and 6 ± 2 nm, respectively. The phase selectivity between these nanocrystalline products is dominated by the alkalinity of the hydrated precursor salts, which may in turn affect the availability of carbon dioxide during the reaction. Thus, unlike traditional aqueous precipitation reactions, our solid-state method offers a way to produce hydroxide-free, nanocrystalline products without active pH control.
La ville franque de Jaffa à la lumières des fouilles récentes
Authors: Peilstöcker Martin
Published: June 2013

Die fränkische Stadt Jaffa im Lichte jungster Ausgrabungen, von Martin Peilstöcker

Die in Jaffa durchgeführten Rettungsgrabungen ermöglichten es in den letzten Jahren, zahlreiche Reste der fränkischen Stadt zu Tage zu fördern, insbesondere Häuser, aber auch Elemente der Stadtmauern. Es war somit möglich, in bestimmten Zonen eine Chronologie der Befestigungen klarzumachen - insbesondere an der Seeseite, und nachzuweisen, dass die fränkische Stadt eine weitaus größere Ausdehnung besaß, als man bisher angenommen hat. Dieser Artikel bietet eine erste Synthese dieser bislang unpublizierten Ergebnisse an.
Upregulation of Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic B by Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 and Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Tian Feng , Liu Chang , Wu Qifei , Qu Kai , Wang Ruitao , Wei Jichao , Meng Fandi , Liu Sinan , Chang Hulin
Published: June 2013

Considerable effort has been made in elucidating the appropriate biomarkers and the mechanism and functional significance of these biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Glycoprotein nonmetastatic B (GPNMB) overexpression occurs in cutaneous melanomas and breast cancer, and it
is an attractive candidate for cancer therapy. However, little is known about the expression and regulation of GPNMB in HCC. In this study, we investigated the expression of GPNMB in HCC histochemically and tested the regulation effects of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and
colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) on the expression of GPNMB in HCC cells. Our results demonstrated that GPNMB levels were significantly enhanced in HCC compared with adjacent normal liver tissues. In HCC cells, GPNMB expression was regulated by EpCAM and CSF-1 partly through their common
downstream product c-myc. Taken together, these results suggest that GPNMB, the expression of which was regulated in HCC cells by the highly coordinated function of various proteins, may be a potential target for HCC therapy.