bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of antibacterial peptides on bacterial lipid membranes depends on stage of growth
Authors: Lee Tzong-Hsien , Hofferek Vinzenz , Sani Marc-Antoine , Separovic Frances , Reid Gavin E. , Aguilar Marie-Isabel
Published: June 2020

Impact of maculatin 1.1 on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) derived from early growth phase (EGP) or stationary growth phase (SGP) E. coli lipid extracts, monitored by atomic force microscopy which images bilayer morphology in real time.
Identification and molecular docking study of fish roe-derived peptides as potent BACE 1, AChE, and BChE inhibitors
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Ji Huizhuo , Shen Juntong , Kan Ruotong , Zhao Wenzhu , Li Jianrong , Ding Long , Liu Jingbo
Published: June 2020

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and beta-secretase 1 (BACE 1) play vital roles in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Reciprocating flow-assisted nucleic acid purification using a finger-actuated microfluidic device
Authors: Park Juhwan , Han Dong Hyun , Hwang Sang-Hyun , Park Je-Kyun
Published: June 2020

A finger-actuated microfluidic reciprocator was developed and exploited to improve the recovery rate of nucleic acid purification in a finger-actuated microfluidic device.
Dicopper(ii) tetrapyridyl complexes incorporated with ancillary ligands for effective water oxidation
Authors: Pi Wen-Hui , Li Qi-Jun , Wu Min , Zhou Xiao-Lin , Wei Jia-Ni , Zhu Xian-Hong , Zhang Hua-Xin
Published: June 2020

Water oxidation catalysis of dicopper(ii) tetrapyridyl complexes under alkaline conditions was improved by diamine ligands.
Synthesis of benzimidazolones via CO2 fixation and N-phenyl formamides using formic acid in presence of zinc embedded polymer complex
Authors: Basu Priyanka , Dey Tusar Kanto , Riyajuddin Sk. , Biswas Surajit , Ghosh Kaushik , Manirul Islam Sk.
Published: June 2020

A merrifield supported heterogeneous zinc catalyst [Zn(Meri-Ald-Py)] was synthesized and applied for benzimidazolone synthesis through the fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and for different N-formylated products synthesis under mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis and spectral properties of 6′-triazolyl-dihydroxanthene-hemicyanine fused near-infrared dyes
Authors: Gu Lingyue , Renault Kévin , Romieu Anthony , Richard Jean-Alexandre , Srinivasan Rajavel
Published: June 2020

Copper(i)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to explore the fluorogenic potential of near-infrared (NIR) dihydroxanthene (DHX) triazole dyes.
Enhancement of catalytic activity for selective hydrogen production from formate with homogeneously poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/cationic poly(l-lysine) dispersed platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Minami Y. , Muroga Y. , Amao Y.
Published: June 2020

By using Pt nanoparticles dispersed by polyvinylpyrrolidone and cationic biopolymer, poly(l-lysine) (Pt–PVP/PLL), the highly selective H2 production based on formate decomposition was accomplished compared with that of Pt–PVP.
Effect of single and binary mixed surfactant impregnation on the adsorption capabilities of chitosan hydrogel beads toward rhodamine B
Authors: Jabeen Suraya , Lone Mohd Sajid , Afzal Saima , Kour Pawandeep , Shaheen Arjumund , Ahanger Firdaus Ahmad , Rather Ghulam Mohammad , Dar Aijaz Ahmad
Published: June 2020

The adsorption of cationic xanthene dye rhodamine B (RhB) on pure chitosan (CS), single surfactant (SDS, Brij30 and DTAB) and binary surfactant (SDS-Brij30 and DTAB-Brij30) modified chitosan beads has been investigated.
A new fluorescent hemicryptophane for acetylcholine recognition with an unusual recognition mode
Authors: Fantozzi Nicolas , Pétuya Rémi , Insuasty Alberto , Long Augustin , Lefevre Sara , Schmitt Aline , Robert Vincent , Dutasta Jean-Pierre , Baraille Isabelle , Guy Laure , Genin Emilie , Bégué Didier , Martinez Alexandre , Pinet Sandra , Gosse Isabelle
Published: June 2020

The ammonium of the target interacts with the south part of the hemicryptophane probably because the cyclotriveratrylene's electronic density is altered by the extension of conjugation.
First-time synthesis of a magnetoelectric core–shell compositeviaconventional solid-state reaction
Authors: Henrichs Leonard F. , Mu Xiaoke , Scherer Torsten , Gerhards Uta , Schuppler Stefan , Nagel Peter , Merz Michael , Kübel Christian , Fawey Mohammed H. , Hansen Thomas C. , Hahn Horst
Published: June 2020

Novel magnetoelectric core–shell ceramics exhibit characteristics of several traditional magnetoelectric composites and combine exceptional magnetoelectric coupling with low leakage current, high density and absence of substrate clamping effects.
Combined plasmonic Au-nanoparticle and conducting metal oxide high-temperature optical sensing with LSTO
Authors: Wuenschell Jeffrey K. , Jee Youngseok , Lau Derek K. , Yu Yang , Ohodnicki Jr. Paul R.
Published: June 2020

Coupled plasmonic and Drude response of gold-nanoparticle incorporated LSTO demonstrates visible and NIR fiber-based sensing of hydrogen at high-temperature (600–800 °C).
Strategies for the construction of γ-spirocyclic butenolides in natural product synthesis
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Thirupathi Barla
Published: June 2020

This review describes the stereoselective synthesis of a γ-spirocyclic containing natural products or model compounds showing phytotoxic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities.
Laponite®-based colloidal nanocomposites prepared by RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization: the role of non-ionic and anionic macroRAFT polymers in stability and morphology control
Authors: Chaparro Thaíssa C. , Silva Rodrigo D. , Dugas Pierre-Yves , D'Agosto Franck , Lansalot Muriel , Martins dos Santos Amilton , Bourgeat-Lami Elodie
Published: June 2020

The synthesis of Laponite®-based nanocomposite latexes by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization using different macroRAFT agents is described.
Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity and binding investigation of artemisinin and its biogenetic precursors with ctDNA
Authors: Maurya Neha , Imtiyaz Khalid , Alam Rizvi M. Moshahid , Khedher Khaled Mohamed , Singh Prashant , Patel Rajan
Published: June 2020

Artemisinin (ART) and its biogenetic precursors artemisinic acid (AA) and dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) are important traditional medicinal herb compounds with tumor growth inhibition properties.
CdTe QD-based inhibition and reactivation assay of acetylcholinesterase for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides
Authors: Korram Jyoti , Dewangan Lakshita , Karbhal Indrapal , Nagwanshi Rekha , Vaishanav Sandeep K. , Ghosh Kallol K. , Satnami Manmohan L.
Published: June 2020

An enzyme immobilized glutathione (GSH)-capped CdTe quantum dot (QD)-based fluorescence assay has been developed for monitoring organophosphate pesticides.
A dual-sensitized luminescent europium(iii) complex as a photoluminescent probe for selectively detecting Fe3+
Authors: Zhao Yafeng , Xu Yanhong , Xu Bing , Cen Peipei , Song Weiming , Duan Lijuan , Liu Xiangyu
Published: June 2020

A stable dual-sensitized Eu(iii)-complex constructed with two different ligands can be used as a sensing platform for Fe3+ detection.
Simulation-guided nanofabrication of high-quality practical tungsten probes
Authors: Dong Chengye , Meng Guodong , Saji Sandra Elizabeth , Gao Xinyu , Zhang Pengcheng , Wu Di , Pan Yi , Yin Zongyou , Cheng Yonghong
Published: June 2020

Dynamic simulation is employed to reveal the mechanism of electrochemical nanofabrication of nanoscale probes for atomic resolution imaging in STM.
Ancillary ligand electro-activity effects towards phenyl acetylene homocoupling reaction by a nickel(ii) complex of a non-innocent O-amino phenol ligand: a mechanistic insight
Authors: Nasibipour Mina , Safaei Elham , Masoumpour Marziyeh Sadat , Wojtczak Andrzej
Published: June 2020

A new Ni(ii) complex, was synthesized from the reaction of a non-innocent o-aminophenol ligand, and Ni(OAc)2.
Polymeric nanoparticles based on carboxymethyl chitosan in combination with painless microneedle therapy systems for enhancing transdermal insulin delivery
Authors: Zhang Pei , Zhang Yan , Liu Chen-Guang
Published: June 2020

Biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) have been frequently used as insulin transdermal delivery vehicles due to their grand bioavailability, better encapsulation, controlled release and less toxic properties.
Understanding human salivary esterase activity and its variation under wine consumption conditions
Authors: María Pérez-Jiménez , Carolina Muñoz-González , María Ángeles Pozo-Bayón
Published: June 2020

Human salivary esterase is active during wine consumption supporting its potential involvement on the perception of odorant esters during wine intake.
Facile deprotection of F-BODIPYs using methylboronic acid
Authors: Smith Craig D. , Thompson Alison
Published: June 2020

Removal of the –BF2 moiety from F-BODIPYs using methylboronic acid provides a mild (de)protection strategy for dipyrrins.
Correction: A sensitive OFF–ON–OFF fluorescent probe for the cascade sensing of Al3+ and F− ions in aqueous media and living cells
Authors: Hou Lingjie , Liang Wenting , Deng Chenhua , Zhang Caifeng , Liu Bo , Shuang Shaomin , Wang Yu
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘A sensitive OFF–ON–OFF fluorescent probe for the cascade sensing of Al3+ and F− ions in aqueous media and living cells’ by Lingjie Hou et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 21629–21635, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA02848G.
Correction: Facile one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in natural polymeric urushiol for marine antifouling
Authors: Zheng Lu , Lin Yucai , Wang Donghui , Chen Jipeng , Yang Ke , Zheng Binbin , Bai Weibin , Jian Rongkun , Xu Yanlian
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Facile one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in natural polymeric urushiol for marine antifouling’ by Lu Zheng et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 13936–13943, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA02205E.
Capillary RheoSANS: measuring the rheology and nanostructure of complex fluids at high shear rates
Authors: Murphy Ryan P. , Riedel Zachary W. , Nakatani Marshall A. , Salipante Paul F. , Weston Javen S. , Hudson Steven D. , Weigandt Katie M.
Published: June 2020

Capillary rheometry is combined with small-angle neutron scattering to simultaneously measure the viscosity and nanostructure of complex fluids containing proteins, surfactants, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles at shear rates up to 106 s−1.
Highly stretchable, transparent cellulose/PVA composite hydrogel for multiple sensing and triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Lina , Lu Ang
Published: June 2020

Highly stretchable, transparent cellulose/PVA hydrogel and its functions in temperature, pressure and strain sensing and energy harvesting.
Robust, high-barrier, and fully recyclable cellulose-based plastic replacement enabled by a dynamic imine polymer
Authors: Su Zhiping , Huang Shaofeng , Wang Yuyuan , Ling Hao , Yang Xiye , Jin Yinghua , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2020

Cellulose-based green and sustainable materials with good mechanical properties, malleability, rehealability, and recyclability have been prepared from cellulose papers and a polyimine matrix.
Isovalent doping: a new strategy to suppress surface Sr segregation of the perovskite O2-electrode for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Koo Bonjae , Seo Jongsu , Kim Jun Kyu , Jung WooChul
Published: June 2020

Isovalent doping is a practical solution for ensuring surface stability of Sr-containing perovskite oxides for solid oxide fuel cell O2-electrodes under actual operating conditions.
Effects of linking units on fused-ring electron acceptor dimers
Authors: Cai Guilong , Xiao Yiqun , Li Mengyang , Rech Jeromy James , Wang Jiayu , Liu Kuan , Lu Xinhui , Tang Zheng , Lian Jiarong , Zeng Pengju , Wang Yiping , You Wei , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: June 2020

Three new fused-ring electron acceptors were designed and synthesized based on indaceno[3,2-b]dithiophene dimer cores. Effects of the linking units on optical, electronic, morphologic, and photovoltaic properties were revealed.
Revisiting the strategies for stabilizing lithium metal anodes
Authors: Um Ji Hyun , Kim Kookhan , Park Jungjin , Sung Yung-Eun , Yu Seung-Ho
Published: June 2020

This review focuses on a comprehensive summary of and future perspectives on stable lithium metal batteries.
Attenuating a metal–oxygen bond of a double perovskite oxide via anion doping to enhance its catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Sun Wang , Xu Chunming , Ren Rongzheng , Yang Xiaoxia , Qiao Jinshuo , Wang Zhenhua , Sun Kening
Published: June 2020

F-doping promotes the diffusion and surface adsorption process of oxygen at the cathode, and the reaction kinetics have been significantly improved.
A pretreatment method to form high-quality LiF-enriched solid-electrolyte interfaces for Li anode protection in Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Huang Zhimei , Meng Jintao , Xie Meilan , Shen Yue , Huang Yunhui
Published: June 2020

A uniform and highly dense LiF nanoparticle layer is fabricated on a Li surface via a simple fluorinated reaction of perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF) with LiOH.
Effects of the relative position and number of donors and acceptors on the properties of TADF materials
Authors: Xie Feng-Ming , Zhou Jing-Xiong , Li Yan-Qing , Tang Jian-Xin
Published: June 2020

Recent progress in the chemical design of TADF materials is summarized from the viewpoint of the effects of the position and number of donor and acceptor units.
Bi-functional sulphonate-coupled reduced graphene oxide as an efficient dopant for a conducting polymer with enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Meng Lingyin , Dagsgård Frida , Turner Anthony P. F. , Mak Wing Cheung
Published: June 2020

Bi-functional sulphonate-coupled reduced graphene oxide was developed by one-pot hydrothermal reaction and used as an efficient dopant for conducting polymer to prepare PEDOT:S-RGO interface with enhanced electrochemical performance.
A PhD is just the beginning…
Authors: Jenkins Tabitha
Published: June 2020

A PhD is the next logical step for many people to further their scientific career after a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree. Doctoral training programmes are a chance to tailor your scientific knowledge into more niche areas, learn new and exciting techniques and find your feet in the field of research. There are numerous resources available about how to get, survive and achieve your PhD; but at some point, you have to start considering and focusing on life post-PhD. While achieving your PhD is a brilliant milestone, sadly it does not guarantee you your dream job. What is guaranteed, however, is that if you apply for positions in academia and likely in industry or science, in general, your competitors will also have a PhD. So, how do you make yourself stand out from the crowd? It is important to utilize your time during a PhD to make yourself more marketable in your chosen career path. Coming into the last year of my PhD, I am starting to consider my options in academia, industry and beyond and scrutinize my CV for inevitable gaps. Speaking to fellow PhD students, postdocs and people who moved away from research, I have picked up some useful advice that could help boost your CV and better prepare you for your future career.
Epigenome-450K-wide methylation signatures of active cigarette smoking: The Young Finns Study
Authors: Mishra Pashupati P. , Hänninen Ismo , Raitoharju Emma , Marttila Saara , Mishra Binisha H. , Mononen Nina , Kähönen Mika , Hurme Mikko , Raitakari Olli , Törönen Petri , Holm Liisa , Lehtimäki Terho
Published: June 2020

Smoking as a major risk factor for morbidity affects numerous regulatory systems of the human body including DNA methylation. Most of the previous studies with genome-wide methylation data are based on conventional association analysis and earliest threshold-based gene set analysis that lacks sensitivity to be able to reveal all the relevant effects of smoking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of active smoking on DNA methylation at three biological levels: 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′ (CpG) sites, genes and functionally related genes (gene sets). Gene set analysis was done with mGSZ, a modern threshold-free method previously developed by us that utilizes all the genes in the experiment and their differential methylation scores. Application of such method in DNA methylation study is novel. Epigenome-wide methylation levels were profiled from Young Finns Study (YFS) participants’ whole blood from 2011 follow-up using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. We identified three novel smoking related CpG sites and replicated 57 of the previously identified ones. We found that smoking is associated with hypomethylation in shore (genomic regions 0–2 kilobases from CpG island). We identified smoking related methylation changes in 13 gene sets with false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05, among which is olfactory receptor activity, the flagship novel finding of the present study. Overall, we extended the current knowledge by identifying: (i) three novel smoking related CpG sites, (ii) similar effects as aging on average methylation in shore, and (iii) a novel finding that olfactory receptor activity pathway responds to tobacco smoke and toxin exposure through epigenetic mechanisms.
Targeting mitochondrial fitness as a strategy for healthy vascular aging
Authors: Rossman Matthew J. , Gioscia-Ryan Rachel A. , Clayton Zachary S. , Murphy Michael P. , Seals Douglas R.
Published: June 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and aging is the primary risk factor for CVD. The development of vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and stiffening of the large elastic arteries (i.e., the aorta and carotid arteries), contribute importantly to the age-related increase in CVD risk. Vascular aging is driven in large part by oxidative stress, which reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide and promotes alterations in the extracellular matrix. A key upstream driver of vascular oxidative stress is age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will focus on vascular mitochondria, mitochondrial dysregulation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and discuss current evidence for prevention and treatment of vascular aging via lifestyle and pharmacological strategies that improve mitochondrial health. We will also identify promising areas and important considerations (‘research gaps’) for future investigation.
Fast two‐dimensional THz imaging using rail‐based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing
Authors: Saqueb S. , Nahar N.K. , Sertel K.
Published: June 2020

The authors present a terahertz‐band imaging system using rail‐based synthetic aperture radar sensing and processing. In the proposed setup, the object is inclined with respect to the transmitter and is scanned in azimuth using a motorised linear stage. The single‐transceiver system is based on one‐port full‐duplex frequency extender module coupled with a vector network analyser. Processing the reflection data recorded in the frequency domain, it is possible to reconstruct high‐resolution two‐dimensional images of objects and voids concealed behind material layers in the 220–355 and 500–750 GHz bands with sub‐millimetre resolution.
Multi‐adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system modelling for prediction of band‐notched behaviour of slotted‐UWB antennas optimised using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Sarkar Debanjali , Khan Taimoor , Talukdar Fazal Ahmed
Published: June 2020

This study introduces modelling of multi‐adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (MANFIS) for predicting the bandwidth and notch frequencies of slotted ultra‐wideband (UWB) antennas. Rectangular‐shaped printed monopole antennas embedded with U‐shaped slots are designed to realise triple band‐notch characteristics. A MANFIS model is then developed to predict five output parameters (two cut‐off frequency points and three notched frequency points) considering 15 geometrical variables of the designed antennas as the inputs of MANFIS model. Extensive simulation has been performed using HFSS software to generate training and testing data patterns. Two optimisation algorithms, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO), are implemented to optimally determine the appropriate values of the fuzzy inference system parameters. For GA‐optimised MANFIS model, the percentage error is observed between 1 and 2%, whereas, in PSO‐trained MANFIS model, it is observed <1%. The comparative analysis establishes that the PSO‐trained MANFIS model precisely predicts the antenna performances. For validating the proposed modelling technique, an optimised configuration of the slotted UWB antenna prototype has been fabricated and characterised.
Compressed domain image resizing based on saliency histogram equalisation and seam carving
Authors: Hsin Hsi‐Chin
Published: June 2020

With the increasing popularity of mobile devices and internet services, resizing of compressed images is in high demand. In this study, a compressed domain content‐aware image resizing (CAIR) system is proposed. It takes a pair of meshes obtained by using saliency histogram equalisation and seam carving to convert the discrete cosine transform (DCT) blocks of the original image into the DCT blocks of the resized one without the burden of decompression and compression computations. Experimental results show that the proposed system is preferable to other existing CAIR algorithms, especially in terms of running time due mainly to the simplicity of histogram manipulation and dynamic programming.
Distribution of phantom dark matter in dwarf spheroidals
Authors: Hodson Alistair O. , Diaferio Antonaldo , Ostorero Luisa
Published: June 2020

We derive the distribution of the phantom dark matter in the eight classical dwarf galaxies surrounding the Milky Way, under the assumption that modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is the correct theory of gravity. According to their observed shape, we model the dwarfs as axisymmetric systems, rather than spherical systems, as usually assumed. In addition, as required by the assumption of the MOND framework, we realistically include the external gravitational field of the Milky Way and of the large-scale structure beyond the Local Group. For the dwarfs where the external field dominates over the internal gravitational field, the phantom dark matter has, from the star distribution, an offset of ∼0.1−0.2 kpc, depending on the mass-to-light ratio adopted. This offset is a substantial fraction of the dwarf half-mass radius. For Sculptor and Fornax, where the internal and external gravitational fields are comparable, the phantom dark matter distribution appears disturbed with spikes at the locations where the two fields cancel each other; these features have little connection with the distribution of the stars within the dwarfs. Finally, we find that the external field due to the large-scale structure beyond the Local Group has a very minor effect. The features of the phantom dark matter we find represent a genuine prediction of MOND, and could thus falsify this theory of gravity in the version we adopt here if they are not observationally confirmed.
How faculae and network relate to sunspots, and the implications for solar and stellar brightness variations
Authors: Yeo K. L. , Solanki S. K. , Krivova N. A.
Published: June 2020

Context. How global faculae and network coverage relates to that of sunspots is relevant to the brightness variations of the Sun and Sun-like stars.

Aims. We aim to extend and improve on earlier studies that established that the facular-to-sunspot-area ratio diminishes with total sunspot coverage.

Methods. Chromospheric indices and the total magnetic flux enclosed in network and faculae, referred to here as “facular indices”, are modulated by the amount of facular and network present. We probed the relationship between various facular and sunspot indices through an empirical model, taking into account how active regions evolve and the possible non-linear relationship between plage emission, facular magnetic flux, and sunspot area. This model was incorporated into a model of total solar irradiance (TSI) to elucidate the implications for solar and stellar brightness variations.

Results. The reconstruction of the facular indices from the sunspot indices with the model presented here replicates most of the observed variability, and is better at doing so than earlier models. Contrary to recent studies, we found the relationship between the facular and sunspot indices to be stable over the past four decades. The model indicates that, like the facular-to-sunspot-area ratio, the ratio of the variation in chromospheric emission and total network and facular magnetic flux to sunspot area decreases with the latter. The TSI model indicates the ratio of the TSI excess from faculae and network to the deficit from sunspots also declines with sunspot area, with the consequence being that TSI rises with sunspot area more slowly than if the two quantities were linearly proportional to one another. This explains why even though solar cycle 23 is significantly weaker than cycle 22, TSI rose to comparable levels over both cycles. The extrapolation of the TSI model to higher activity levels indicates that in the activity range where Sun-like stars are observed to switch from growing brighter with increasing activity to becoming dimmer instead, the activity-dependence of TSI exhibits a similar transition. This happens as sunspot darkening starts to rise more rapidly with activity than facular and network brightening. This bolsters the interpretation of this behaviour of Sun-like stars as the transition from a faculae-dominated to a spot-dominated regime.
The challenge of measuring the phase function of debris discs
Authors: Olofsson J. , Milli J. , Bayo A. , Henning Th. , Engler N.
Published: June 2020

Context. Debris discs are valuable systems to study dust properties. Because they are optically thin at all wavelengths, we have direct access to the absorption and scattering properties of the dust grains. One very promising technique to study them is to measure their phase function, that is, the scattering efficiency as a function of the scattering angle. Discs that are highly inclined are promising targets as a wider range of scattering angles can be probed.

Aims. The phase function (polarised or total intensity) is usually either inferred by comparing the observations to synthetic disc models, assuming a parametrised phase function or estimating it from the surface brightness of the disc. Here, we argue that the latter approach can be biased due to projection effects leading to an increase in column density along the major axis of a non-flat disc.

Methods. We present a novel approach to account for those column density effects. The method remains model dependent, as a disc model is still required to estimate the density variations as a function of the scattering angle. This method allows us, however, to estimate the shape of the phase function without having to invoke any parametrised form.

Results. We apply our method to SPHERE/ZIMPOL observations of HR 4796 A and highlight the differences with previous measurements only using the surface brightness; the main differences being at scattering angles smaller than ~100°. Our modelling results suggest that the disc is not vertically flat at optical wavelengths; this result is supported by comparing the width along the major and minor axis of synthetic images. We discuss some of the caveats of the approach, mostly that our method remains blind to real local increases in the dust density and that it cannot be readily applied to angular differential imaging observations yet.

Conclusions. We show that the vertical thickness of inclined (≥60°) debris discs can affect the determination of their phase functions. Similarly to previous studies on HR 4796 A, we still cannot reconcile the full picture using a given scattering theory to explain the shape of the phase function, the blow-out size due to radiation pressure, and the shape of the spectral energy distribution, which is a long-lasting problem for debris discs. Nonetheless, we argue that similar effects, such as the ones highlighted in this study, can also bias the determination of the phase function in total intensity.
Comparative study of low-grade banded iron ores for iron recovery
Authors: Agrawal Shrey , Rayapudi Veeranjaneyulu , Dhawan Nikhil
Published: June 2020

Two low-grade banded iron ores are evaluated as a potential source for meeting the iron/steel demand due to the scarcity of high-grade iron ores. The present study investigates the processing and enrichment of banded iron ores and their comparison with pure iron oxide and synthetic mixture. The feasibility of physical beneficiation, microwave processing, and carbothermal reduction is thoroughly investigated. A trace amount of magnetite in BHJ ore leads to an improved response of microwave exposure compared to pure iron oxide and mixture. Physical beneficiation was found futile in recovering iron values. The energy consumed during the microwave processing is calculated as 405.2 kWh/ton, whereas for conventional reduction is 223.7 kWh/ton. Significant iron enrichment was achieved through structural alteration of the ore. The microwave processing offered faster reduction kinetics and ferrite formation in a short duration. BHJ sample was found suitable for extracting iron values compared to BHQ using carbothermal reduction.
Biologika bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Pinggera Leyla , Innerhofer Veronika , Fischer Natalie , Riechelmann Herbert
Published: June 2020

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the nasal and paranasal mucosa, lasting for more than 12 weeks. By now approximately 15 % of the European and American population are affected, which indicates that CRS is a serious health problem. Beside other subgroups the most important classification is CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Standard-of-care therapies include nasal saline solution as well as topic or systemic corticosteroids. If this does not lead to a sufficient recovery, surgical therapy is a good option. A new therapy option is represented by biologics, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAB). They are well-established for treatment of asthma bronchiale. Due to the fact that asthma is often associated with nasal polyps, and mAB may could also lead to improvements in CRS, studies were conducted. In the meantime there is a number of mAB which have emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with CRSwNP.
Standard Mamma-Probeexzision
Authors: Becker Petra
Published: June 2020

Im 6. Teil unserer Serie stellen wir Ihnen einen Standard aus der Gynäkologie vor. Unsere Autorin beschreibt, welche Materialien für die Mamma-Probeexzision (PE) gerichtet werden müssen, wie die Patientin gelagert wird und was bei der Histologie zu beachten ist.
Moderation – der Schlüssel für erfolgreiche Besprechungen!?
Authors: Otto Nathalie
Published: June 2020

Wie gelingt es, Besprechungen und Workshops erfolgreich zu führen und dabei jeden im Team mitzunehmen? Ein Baustein, um Arbeits- oder Diskussionsgruppen zum Erfolg zu führen, ist eine ansprechende Moderation. Was Sie dabei beachten sollten und welche Hilfsmittel es gibt, um die Effizienz und Effektivität von Besprechungen zu steigern, erläutert unsere Autorin.
Häufige OP-Methoden bei HD – und was bedeuten sie für die Physiotherapie?
Authors: Grußendorf Carsten , Zohmann Andreas , Diekmann Hanna , Büning Veit Kleine
Published: June 2020

Für eine optimale postoperative Versorgung ist es wichtig, die verschiedenen OP-Methoden zu kennen, einschätzen zu können und die physiotherapeutische Behandlung gut auf die jeweilige chirurgische Methode abzustimmen. Sehr lange herrschte im Kleintierbereich die Meinung vor, im Anschluss an orthopädisch-chirurgische Interventionen sei nur be- bzw. eingeschränkte Bewegung gestattet, bei dem einen oder anderen Eingriff postoperativ überhaupt Boxenruhe, maximal Leinenzwang angezeigt. Hier hat sich innerhalb der letzten ca. 15 Jahre das rehabilitative Prozedere erheblich geändert.
Evaluation des FITKIDS-Programms zum gesunden Aufwachsen von Kindern aus suchtbelasteten Familien
Authors: Hower Kira Isabel , Pförtner Timo-Kolja , Saak Pamela , Schneider Annika , Aydin Osman , Pfaff Holger , Kons Jörg , Groß Sandra , Ansmann Lena
Published: June 2020

Ziel Elterlicher Drogenkonsum kann zu prekären
Lebensbedingungen für Kinder führen. Suchtbelastete Familien
sind durch Hilfemaßnahmen schwer zu erreichen. Die
Drogen-/Suchtberatung hat gute Zugangschancen,
berücksichtigt die familiäre Situation bisher jedoch
unzureichend. Die Implementierung des Organisationsentwicklungsprogramms
FITKIDS in die Arbeit der Drogen-/Suchtberatungsstellen hat zum
Ziel, die gesunde Entwicklung betroffener Kinder zu stärken.

Methode Die Studie EvaFit II evaluiert die Wirkung von FITKIDS
mittels semi-strukturierter, leitfadengestützter Einzelinterviews
mit suchtkranken Eltern (n=14), und deren Kindern (n=6) in
FITKIDS geschulten Beratungsstellen.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen positive Wirkungen bezüglich
der Lebenssituation der Familien, z. B. in Bezug auf soziale
Teilhabe, Kommunikation oder die Vermittlung in Hilfesysteme. Die
vertrauensvolle Zusammenarbeit mit Beraterinnen und Beratern ist
dafür entscheidend.

Diskussion Mithilfe der kinderorientierten Ausrichtung der
Beratungsstellen, der Kompetenzerweiterung der Beraterinnen und Berater und
dem Aufbau von Netzwerkstrukturen gelingt es, Sucht- und Drogenberatung,
Erziehungsberatung und die Kinder-/Jugendhilfe zu vereinen. Die
Ergebnisse tragen zur Evidenzbasierung in der Suchthilfe bei.
Einfluss der radikalen Zystektomie auf die Lebensqualität und Strategien für deren Erhalt
Authors: Rudolph Julia , Martini Thomas , Wezel Felix
Published: June 2020

Die radikale Zystektomie stellt einen wesentlichen Einschnitt in das Leben betroffener Patienten dar. Insbesondere ältere Patienten weisen nach radikaler Zystektomie oft eine begrenzte Lebenserwartung auf. Daher treten neben der reinen Tumortherapie insbesondere Aspekte der Lebensqualität in den Vordergrund.

In dieser narrativen Übersichtsarbeit wurden durch selektive Literaturrecherche Faktoren identifiziert, die einen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität der betroffenen Patienten haben können. Dazu gehören neben Strategien zur Minimierung der perioperativen Morbidität eine optimale, individualisierte Therapieplanung. Diese sollte neben Faktoren wie Alter, Komorbiditäten, Wahl der Harnableitung auch altersspezifische, physiologische Gegebenheiten des Patienten wie die Gebrechlichkeit (Frailty) berücksichtigen. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) sind essenzielle Instrumente, um die Lebensqualität standardisiert zu erfassen und sollten im klinischen Ablauf weiter etabliert werden.
Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis using a 22-gauge Franseen needle: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Ishikawa Takuya , Kawashima Hiroki , Ohno Eizaburo , Suhara Hiroki , Hayashi Daijuro , Hiramatsu Takeshi , Matsubara Hiroshi , Suzuki Takahisa , Kuwahara Takamichi , Ishikawa Eri , Shimoyama Yoshie , Kinoshita Fumie , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2020

Background Detailed histological evaluation is important in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). However, it remains challenging to obtain adequate tissue from the pancreas. Recently, several reports have suggested the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) using the new “core” needles for acquiring pancreatic tissue. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of EUS-FNB for diagnosing AIP with one such needle, a 22-gauge Franseen needle.

Methods Patients who met the imaging diagnostic criteria for AIP based on the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC) were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent EUS-FNB with a 22-gauge Franseen needle. Histological findings were evaluated based on the ICDC, and the detection rates of level 1 and level 1 or 2 histology were calculated.

Results 56 patients from 11 different institutions were enrolled in the final analysis (55 suspected to have type 1 AIP and one with type 2 AIP). Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, obliterative phlebitis, storiform fibrosis, and > 10 IgG4-positive cells per high-power field were detected in 55 (100 %), 24 (43.6 %), 40 (72.7 %), and 36 (65.5 %) of the 55 patients, respectively. The detection rates of level 1 and level 1 or 2 histology for AIP were 58.2 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 44.1 % – 71.3 %) and 92.7 % (95 %CI 82.4 % – 98.0 %), respectively, which were apparently higher than our historical results (7.9 % [95 %CI 1.7 % – 21.4 %] and 62.2 % [95 %CI 46.5 % – 76.2 %], respectively) using a conventional needle.

Conclusions EUS-FNB with a 22-gauge Franseen needle demonstrated favorable detection rates which would be clinically beneficial for the histological diagnosis of AIP.
Diagnostic yield of early repeat colonoscopy after suboptimal bowel preparation in a fecal immunochemical test-based screening program
Authors: Baile-Maxía Sandra , Mangas-Sanjuan Carolina , Medina-Prado Lucía , Martínez-Sempere Juan , Murcia Oscar , Ruíz-Gómez Francisco , Casellas Juan A. , Zapater Pedro , Jover Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

Background Current guidelines regarding surveillance after screening colonoscopy assume adequate bowel preparation. However, follow-up intervals after suboptimal cleansing are highly heterogeneous. We aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of early repeat colonoscopy in patients with suboptimal bowel preparation in fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based screening colonoscopy.

Methods An observational study including patients who underwent colonoscopy with suboptimal bowel preparation after positive FIT screening and then repeat colonoscopy within 1 year. Suboptimal preparation was defined as a Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) score of 1 in any segment. Patients with a BBPS score of 0 in any segment or incomplete examination were excluded. The adenoma detection rate (ADR), advanced ADR (AADR), and colorectal cancer rate were calculated for the index and repeat colonoscopies.

Results Of the 2474 patients with FIT-positive colonoscopy at our center during this period, 314 (12.7 %) had suboptimal preparation. Of the 259 (82.5 %) patients who underwent repeat colonoscopy, suboptimal cleansing persisted in 22 (9 %). On repeat colonoscopy, the ADR was 38.7 % (95 %CI 32.6 % to 44.8 %) and the AADR was 14.9 % (95 %CI 10.5 % to 19.4 %). The per-adenoma miss rate was 27.7 % (95 %CI 24.0 % to 31.6 %), and the per-advanced adenoma miss rate was 17.6 % (95 %CI 13.3 % to 22.7 %). After repeat colonoscopy, the post-polypectomy surveillance recommendation changed from 10 to 3 years in 14.7 % of the patients with previous 10-year surveillance recommendation.

Conclusions Patients with suboptimal bowel preparation on FIT-positive colonoscopy present a high rate of advanced adenomas in repeat colonoscopy, with major changes in post-polypectomy surveillance recommendations.
ERCP plus endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a multicenter observational open-label study
Authors: Kongkam Pradermchai , Orprayoon Theerapat , Boonmee Chaloemphon , Sodarat Passakorn , Seabmuangsai Orathai , Wachiramatharuch Chatchawan , Auan-Klin Yutthaya , Pham Khanh Cong , Tasneem Abbas Ali , Kerr Stephen J. , Romano Rommel , Jangsirikul Sureeporn , Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Angsuwatcharakon Phonthep , Ratanachu-ek Thawee , Rerknimitr Rungsun
Published: June 2020

Background Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may not provide complete biliary drainage in patients with Bismuth III/IV malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). Complete biliary drainage is accomplished by adding percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). We prospectively compared recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) rates between combined ERCP and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) vs. bilateral PTBD.

Methods Patients with MHBO undergoing endoscopic procedures (group A) were compared with those undergoing bilateral PTBD (group B). The primary outcome was the 3-month RBO rate.

Results 36 patients were recruited into groups A (n = 19) and B (n = 17). Rates of technical and clinical success, and complications of group A vs. B were 84.2 % (16/19) vs. 100 % (17/17; P = 0.23), 78.9 % (15/19) vs. 76.5 % (13/17; P > 0.99), and 26.3 % (5/19) vs. 35.3 % (6/17; P = 0.56), respectively. Within 3 and 6 months, RBO rates of group A vs. group B were 26.7 % (4/15) vs. 88.2 % (15/17; P  = 0.001) and 22.2 % (2/9) vs. 100 % (9/9; P = 0.002), respectively. At 3 months, median number of biliary reinterventions in group A was significantly lower than in group B (0 [interquartile range] 0–1 vs. 1 [1–2.5]), respectively (P < 0.001). Median time to development of RBO was longer in group A than in group B (92 [56–217] vs. 40 [13.5–57.8] days, respectively; P  =  0.06).

Conclusions Combined ERCP and EUS procedures provided significantly lower RBO rates at 3 and 6 months vs. bilateral PTBD, with similar complication rates and no significant mortality difference.
Avaliação dos efeitos da natação como reabilitação pós-operatória na regeneração nervosa de ratos da linhagem Wistar submetidos a enxerto de nervos autólogos após lesão do nervo ciático
Authors: Andrade Igor Rabelo de Sales , Nakachima Luis Renato , Fernandes Marcela , Fernandes Carlos Henrique , Santos João Baptista Gomes dos , Valente Sandra Gomes
Published: June 2020

Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos da natação na regeneração nervosa após a lesão do nervo ciático em ratos Wistar.

Métodos Um total de 30 ratos Wistar foram divididos em 3 grupos: grupo Sham + Nat: animais que não foram submetidos à cirurgia de enxerto e foram submetidos à natação (n = 10); grupo Enxerto: animais que foram submetidos à cirurgia de enxerto autólogo de nervo ciático (n = 10); e grupo Enx + Nat: animais submetidos à cirurgia de enxerto autólogo de nervo ciático e à natação (n = 10). Os resultados foram analisados pelo software GraphPad Prism 5.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, EUA).

Resultados Na primeira avaliação, todos os valores do índice funcional do ciático (IFC) foram semelhantes (p = 0.609). Após 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico, foram observadas diferenças entre todas as comparações: Sham + Nat (−34,64 ± 13,89) versus Enxerto (−145,9 ± 26,06), grupos Sham + Nat versus Enx + Nat (−89,40 ± 7,501), grupos Enxerto (−145,9 ± 26,06) versus Enx + Nat (−89,40 ± 7,501). Nas medidas (60 e 90 dias), não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos Enxerto e Enx + Nat, com valores significativamente menores em relação ao grupo controle (p < 0,001). O número de motoneurônios apresentou diferenças nas comparações entre os grupos Sham + Nat e Enxerto (647,1 ± 16,42 versus 563,4 ± 8,07; p < 0,05) e Sham + Nat e Enx + Nat (647,1 ± 16,42 versus 558,8 ± 14,79; p < 0,05), não havendo diferença entre os grupos Enxerto e Enx + Nat.

Conclusão Os animais submetidos ao protocolo de natação após o procedimento de enxerto do nervo ciático não apresentaram diferenças nos valores de IFC e nos números de motoneurônios quando comparados com grupo controle. Portanto, este tipo de protocolo não é eficiente para reabilitação de lesões nervosas periféricas que necessitam de enxerto, sendo necessários novos estudos.
Ethical Responsibilities to Adults with Communication Impairments Involved in Group Therapy
Authors: Elman Roberta J.
Published: June 2020

Ethical challenges can arise when providing group therapy to adults living with communication impairments. In addition to the ethical challenges that may be encountered when conducting one-to-one therapy intervention, practitioners must also consider dilemmas that are specific to group therapy. This article considers the principles and rules of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Code of Ethics via a series of clinical vignettes that illustrate four ethical challenges that may be encountered when providing group therapy: acquiring sufficient clinical competency to conduct group therapy; handling issues related to client confidentiality; resisting external pressure to provide groups solely for financial gain and/or other administrative efficiencies; and handling practitioner–client boundaries.
Clinical Application of the Basic Science of Articular Cartilage Pathology and Treatment
Authors: Schreiner Anna J. , Stoker Aaron M. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Kuroki Keiichi , Stannard James P. , Cook James L.
Published: June 2020

The joint is an organ with each tissue playing critical roles in health and disease. Intact articular cartilage is an exquisite tissue that withstands incredible biologic and biomechanical demands in allowing movement and function, which is why hyaline cartilage must be maintained within a very narrow range of biochemical composition and morphologic architecture to meet demands while maintaining health and integrity. Unfortunately, insult, injury, and/or aging can initiate a cascade of events that result in erosion, degradation, and loss of articular cartilage such that joint pain and dysfunction ensue. Importantly, articular cartilage pathology affects the health of the entire joint and therefore should not be considered or addressed in isolation. Treating articular cartilage lesions is challenging because left alone, the tissue is incapable of regeneration or highly functional and durable repair. Nonoperative treatments can alleviate symptoms associated with cartilage pathology but are not curative or lasting. Current surgical treatments range from stimulation of intrinsic repair to whole-surface and whole-joint restoration. Unfortunately, there is a relative paucity of prospective, randomized controlled, or well-designed cohort-based clinical trials with respect to cartilage repair and restoration surgeries, such that there is a gap in knowledge that must be addressed to determine optimal treatment strategies for this ubiquitous problem in orthopedic health care. This review article discusses the basic science rationale and principles that influence pathology, symptoms, treatment algorithms, and outcomes associated with articular cartilage defects in the knee.
Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine versus Ropivacaine in Adductor Canal Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Chen Chang-Hwa Mary , Yun Andrew G. , Fan Teresa
Published: June 2020

Adductor canal block (ACB) is advantageous for postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) because it results in minimal motor block. Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) is Food and Drug Administration-approved extended-release formulation of bupivacaine for interscalene peripheral nerve blocks. Its use is increasing in the TKA setting, mainly as a local infiltration agent. We compared the efficacy of ACB using LB versus ropivacaine in TKA. Two cohorts of patients were retrospectively analyzed at a single institution receiving ropivacaine and LB ACB for TKA. Duration of LB ACB, time to first opioid use postrecovery room, amount of opioid use postrecovery room, length of stay (LOS), and average and highest pain scores were collected. A total of 91 and 142 TKA patients received ropivacaine and LB for ACB, respectively. At 8 hours postrecovery room, more patients in the LB group required no opioids compared with the ropivacaine group (p = 0.026). Mean opioid consumption was lower in the LB group than in the ropivacaine group at 8 and 24 hours postrecovery room, although statistical significance was only observed at 8 hours (p = 0.022). The highest pain score for patients in the two groups was not statistically different. The average pain score for patients with a 2-day LOS was higher in the LB group, but average pain scores were similar for patients with 1- and 3-day LOS. Median LOS for the LB and ropivacaine groups was 1 and 2 days, respectively (p < 0.0001). Significantly lower opioid use at 8 hours postrecovery room was seen in the LB group compared with the ropivacaine group. There was no difference in opioid use at 24 and 48 hours. There was also no advantage with LB ACB in decreasing pain scores. However, the LB ACB group demonstrated a significantly shorter LOS compared with the ropivacaine ACB group.