bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Primary Adrenal Lymphoma: How Do We Detect Early Progression to Adrenal Insufficiency?
Authors: Jayawickreme K. P. , Antonypillai C. , Somasundaram N.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Diffused large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a type of aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma arising in endocrine organs account for 3% of extra-nodal malignant lymphoma, and Primary adrenal lymphoma account for only 0.2% of them. Primary adrenal lymphoma involves the bilateral adrenals in 70% cases, and can cause adrenal insufficiency even if the lesion is unilateral.Case Description: We present a 60-year-old female, who presented with constitutional symptoms and dyspnoea. On examination she was underweight, had marginally low blood pressure, and was desaturated. She had hyponatremia and high lactate dehydrogenase levels. 2D echocardiogram showed two echogenicmasses: one in the anterior pericardial space, and another in the right atrium obstructing the tricuspid origin. Ultrasound scan showed a left suprarenal mass, and bilateral pleural effusions. CECT showed the same enhancing mass involving tricuspid valve, which was extending into the right atrium, and right ventricle causing luminal narrowing and an enhancing solid lesion in the left adrenal gland (HU 30.8). 9am cortisol was 422 nmol/L, with high serum ACTH. She developed hypotension which responded to IV hydrocortisone. Adrenal biopsy revealed high grade DLBCL with Ki 67 index of 80%. She suddenly succumbed before definitive treatment.Conclusion: Adrenal insufficiency in the setting of a unilateral non secretory adrenal lesion should rise the suspicion of Primary adrenal lymphoma rather than adrenal metastasis. Similarly, when biopsy of an adrenal lesion reveals Primary adrenal lymphoma rather than metastasis, there should be a higher index of suspicion to detect the presence of or progression to early adrenal insufficiency, even if the lesion is unilateral.
Exploring the role of Aspergillus galactomannan antigen in assessing the risk factor of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Palanivel Jayabharathi , Mohapatra Madhusmita Mohanty , Rajaram Manju , Gochhait Debasis , Chakkalakkoombil Sunitha Vellathussery , Singh Rakesh
Published: September 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by permanent airflow obstruction due to abnormalities of the airways and alveoli. This study investigated the potential role of Aspergillus species in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) and evaluated the diagnostic utility of serum Aspergillus galactomannan antigen. This cross-sectional study, carried out at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research from January 2021 to June 2022, involved COPD patients aged ≥40 years. Serum galactomannan and serum Aspergillus-specific antibodies were analyzed, along with the collection of demographic details, symptoms, and comorbidities. Statistical analyses, including univariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, were performed. Among the 61 recruited COPD patients, 24.5% showed serum galactomannan positivity. Significant associations were found between galactomannan positivity, hemoptysis, and previous tuberculosis. ROC analysis revealed modest diagnostic accuracy (area under the ROC=0.6027) with a sensitivity of 44.4% and a specificity of 83.7% at a cut-off of 0.5. Univariate analysis did not show any potential links between diabetes, hypertension, previous exacerbations, and severe gold stages with a risk of exacerbation. Serum galactomannan antigen showed limited sensitivity, and its routine testing may not be justified for predicting exacerbation risk. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore other diagnostic methods using bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan antigen in AECOPD.
Creative waters: Semantic and ritual innovation in the Book of Numbers
Authors: Meyer Esias E.
Published: September 2024

The article examines how water features in different rituals in Leviticus and Numbers. It starts by providing an overview of how water is used in Leviticus and Numbers for cleansing and other rituals, focusing on cases where water is mixed with something else. Then, the article focuses on three pericopes from the Book of Numbers that describe concoctions of water mixed with other substances. These concoctions are given specific names in Numbers. Lastly, the article discusses diachronic arguments about these ritual texts.Contribution: The article shows the creativity that the authors of Numbers employed in reworking and innovating ritual texts from Leviticus.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (Pembrolizumab)- and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (Axitinib)-induced Hypothyroidism, Hypogonadism, Adrenal Insufficiency, and Dysglycemia in a Patient with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hasan Md Rakibul , Naima Jannatul
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been successfully used to treat various types of cancer, although they have different side effect profiles. Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine side effect of both drugs, while hypofunction of other endocrine glands is less frequent. We are reporting a case of a patient with renal cell carcinoma who developed primary hypothyroidism after starting treatment with ICI (pembrolizumab) and TKI (axitinib). The patient’s symptoms partially improved after levothyroxine initiation. Subsequent screening of other endocrine glands revealed hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency, and dysglycemia. The addition of corticosteroids and testosterone led to a dramatic improvement in the patient’s condition.
DEPTOR levels in patients with mycosis fungoides
Authors: Çerman Aslı Aksu , Bulat Ceylan , Çetinkaya Pınar Özdemir , Kurt Birgül Özkesici , Odabaşı Merve Sena , Altunay İlknur
Published: September 2024

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is upregulated in the pathogenesis of many cancers, including cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) is an mTOR inhibitor and its expression is negatively regulated by mTOR. However, the significance of DEPTOR in the development of mycosis fungoides (MF) is not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible role of DEPTOR in the pathogenesis of MF. Forty patients with MF and 40 healthy controls were included. Serum fasting DEPTOR levels of the participants were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum DEPTOR levels were significantly lower in patients with MF than controls (P = 0.001). In conclusion, DEPTOR may be a potential prognostic biomarker in MF.
Single-Center Metabolic Bariatric Surgery Experience Study: Outcomes from 21,205 Cases over 12 Years
Authors: Bhandari Mohit , Kosta Susmit , Mathur Winni , Reddy Manoj , Bhandari Mahak , Neto Manoel Galvao
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective treatment for obesity; nevertheless, long-term results from high-volume centers are scarce in the literature.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected records of our high-volume center from June 2010 to December 2022 on demographics, evolution of procedures, follow-up, effectiveness, and safety of MBS.

Results:

A total of 21,205 patients underwent MBS over the 12-year period. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) was performed in 6136 patients, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 5878, one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) in 7678, endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) in 941, and swallow balloon in 572. At the end of the study period, the follow-up rates for different procedures were LSG group (68.7%, 2108/3068), RYGB group (63.2%, 1312/2075), OAGB group (68.9%, 1135/1647), and ESG group (67.8%, 319/470), resulting in an overall follow-up rate of 68.1%, respectively. At 10 years, the percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), and percentage of weight regain (%WR) for LSG were 22.4%, 53.4%, and 31.8%, respectively. Similarly, the figures were 23.9%, 60.2%, and 25.2% for RYGB and 27.3%, 70.3%, and 20.9% for OAGB. These differences were significant among procedures according to the repeated-measures analysis of variance (%TWL: F = 25.13, P < 0.0001; %EWL: F = 21.36, P < 0.0001; %WR: F = 2.31, P = 0.004). Operative times and intraoperative blood loss were significantly higher for RYGB. Postoperative complications occurred in 2.0%, 1.2%, and 1.8% of patients in the LSG, RYGB, and OAGB groups, respectively (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in serious complication rates among groups (P = 0.787). The mortality rate was 0.04%.

Conclusion:

The long-term results from a high-volume bariatric center provide real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of MBS. Most importantly, they reflect the incorporation of new techniques and facilitate the implementation of regional algorithms for optimizing patient selection and improving outcomes.
The new proposal of the relationship between axial pain and hinge fracture and facet involvement after open-door laminoplasty with titanium spacers
Authors: Doi Kazuma , Okazaki Toshiyuki , Tani Satoshi , Mizuno Junichi
Published: September 2024

Study Design:

This was a retrospective, observational study.

Objectives:

Postoperative axial pain (AP) is a well-known complication of cervical posterior surgery. It can be caused by various reasons, but the etiology remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for postoperative AP after open-door laminoplasty. A previous meta-analysis revealed muscle damage, female, age of <60 years, and longer collar application as possible risk factors for postoperative AP after cervical posterior procedures. However, the postoperative AP etiology, specifically for open-door laminoplasty, has been inconclusive and remains conflicting.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 129 adult patients who underwent open-door cervical laminoplasty for degenerative diseases in our single institution from January 2015 to October 2021. Postoperative AP was defined as intolerable pain on the neck or shoulder that lasted for >1 month postoperatively. We compared the demographic and radiographic characteristics of AP and non-AP groups.

Results:

Postoperative AP developed in 62 (48.1%) patients. Intraoperative hinge fracture (HF) and facet involvement by miniscrews were significantly greater in the AP group than in the non-AP group (P < 0.05). Using a logistic regression model, multivariate analysis revealed that HF was significantly associated with postoperative AP (odds ratio = 2.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.28–6.44, P = 0.011).

Conclusions:

HF and facet involvement were risk factors for postoperative AP after open-door laminoplasty with titanium spacers. Careful surgical manipulation is required to prevent postoperative AP.
Iatrogenic intracranial hypotension secondary to subarachnoid-pleural fistula after transthoracic surgery for the treatment of lateral thoracic meningocele
Authors: Signorelli Francesco , Santi Samuele , Leone Antonio , Visocchi Massimiliano
Published: September 2024

Subarachnoid-pleural fistula (SPF), a rare complication following transthoracic spinal surgery, results in the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the pleural space. Hindered spontaneous closure, attributed to negative pleural pressure, gives rise to CSF hypotension and subdural blood collections. Despite numerous reported cases, achieving consensus on management remains elusive. Treatment options encompass conservative measures, surgical repair, epidural blood patch, and diverse approaches such as multilayer dural closure or meningocele resection. Presented herein is a distinctive case following lateral thoracic meningocele surgery, where SPF-induced CSF hypotension found successful resolution through the innovative use of titanium hemostatic clips to occlude the meningocele. This novel approach, emphasizing the utility of titanium clips, deviates from conventional strategies. Surgical SPF exclusion, particularly leveraging titanium clips, emerges as a potential solution, effectively alleviating symptoms of CSF hypotension. The article also aims to present a personal experience, contributing an effective and alternative approach for the etiological treatment of thoracic meningocele.
Lumbar offset distance: A simplified metric for evaluation of the lumbar spine alignment
Authors: Shirodkar Kapil , Gavvala Sai Niharika , Ariyaratne Sisith , Jenko Nathan , Nischal Neha , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Mehta Jwalant , Botchu Rajesh
Published: September 2024

Background:

A healthy lower back is essential for optimal spinal function and overall wellness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the gold standard in assessing lumbar spine disease. This article aims to evaluate the precision and efficacy of the lumbar offset distance (LOD) as a novel MRI parameter designed to determine the lumbar spine alignment. normally measured as we compared it to a new parameter based on length.

Materials and Methods:

Supine sagittal magnetic resonance images of 101 patients who underwent lumbar spine MRI scans were analyzed. We focused on L1–L5 lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) and LOD to assess lumbar spine alignment. Diagnostic cutoff values for LOD measurements were determined, and their diagnostic accuracies were evaluated.

Results:

The normal LLA in our dataset was 23°–45°, and the normal LOD was 5–15 mm. Using linear regression, the range of 6–14 mm correlates to the LLA range of 20°–45°, which would define the standard lumbar offset as normal between 6 and 14 mm. Hence, lumbar hypolordosis was defined as <6 mm, and lumbar hyperlordosis was defined as more than 14 mm. Our study showed a good correlation between the LOD and LLA and is particularly useful in identifying cases of normal lumbar lordosis, hypolordosis, and hyperlordosis.

Conclusion:

Linear measurements show good diagnostic accuracy of LOD in evaluating lumbar spinal alignment, including normal alignment, hypolordosis, and hyperlordosis.
Short-term outcomes after spinal surgery for metastatic breast cancer: A single-center analysis
Authors: Gomes Nicole Iafigliola , de Almeida Rômulo Augusto Andrade , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes
Published: September 2024

Background:

Advances in detection and breast cancer treatment lead to higher survival rates, with more patients living with spine metastases. Those surgeries are palliative; however, they can improve the quality of life (QOL).

Objective:

The aim of this study is to report pain and neurological function outcomes after surgery for spinal metastatic disease of breast cancer patients of a single institution. Complications were recorded.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective, single-center, single-arm study was performed. Consecutive patients who underwent spinal surgery were included. We analyzed demographic, surgical, histopathological, and clinical data.

Results:

Seventeen women were included. Three patients (17.6%) did not present pre- and postoperative pain (n = 3), 6 (35.3%) had pain in both situations, and 8 (47.1%) were pain-free postoperatively (P = 0.013). Ten (58.8%) patients had preoperative deficits: 3 (30%) did not improve and 7 (70%) improved after surgery. Six cases (35.2%) did not present preoperative deficits and did not get worse (n = 6). The Frankel classification after the following time showed that 11 patients (64.7%) remained stable after surgery and 5 patients (29.4%) got better. A single patient (5.6%) had deterioration of strength. Two patients (11.7%) had intraoperative complications.

Conclusions:

Pain was significantly improved by surgery, with also a possibly positive effect on functionality. Considering the low complication rates, surgery is still a useful tool in the management of spinal metastases in breast cancer patients and may be related to better QOL.
The “Mustache sign:” An ancillary radiological sign for detecting L5/S1 spondylolisthesis
Authors: Adlan Amirul , Ariyaratne Sisith , Velicheti Sandeep , Petrou Elias , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Jenko Nathan , Botchu Rajesh
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Aims:

Grade 1 spondylolisthesis can be challenging to detect on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly for spinal surgeons and radiologists with limited experience interpreting spinal MRIs. This study aims to describe a unique sign described as a “mustache sign,” which may assist in detecting subtle Grade I spondylolisthesis on sagittal sequences on MRI of the spine.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective review of 50 lumbar spine MRI scans of patients with Grade I spondylolisthesis of L5/S1 performed over 3 years was conducted at a tertiary orthopedic spinal center in the United Kingdom. The scans were assessed for the presence of the “mustache sign” and findings were independently recorded by one musculoskeletal radiology registrar and one fellowship trained musculoskeletal radiologist with over 10 years of experience.

Results:

There were 35 females (70%) and 15 males (30%). The patient’s mean age was 54.3 years (13–82). The “mustache sign” was present in 13 (26%) of these patients. Twelve of 13 scans (92%) positive for the sign also demonstrated pars interarticularis defects (P < 0.001, Fisher’s Exact test), compared to those without the sign. There was excellent interobserver reliability with a kappa of 1.

Conclusion:

The “mustache sign” on MRI spine correlates well with the presence of Grade I spondylolisthesis. This ancillary sign can complement other previously described radiological findings on sagittal MRI sequences to confirm Grade I spondylolisthesis.
Correlation between sagittal morphology of lower lumbar end plate and degenerative changes in patients with lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Yu Yang , Xu Chongqing
Published: September 2024

Objective:

As an important anatomic factor in the process of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), the correlation between end plate sagittal morphology and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is unclear. Moreover, research on imaging data of lumbar end plate in patients with LDH is still insufficient. Our study aimed to observe the morphological change of the lower lumbar end plate (L3-S1) in patients with LDH on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and analyze its correlation with the degree of IDD.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 116 patients were included in the study. Based on their MRI, we divided end plates into three types (concave, flat, and irregular), assigned intervertebral discs with Grade I–V given 1–5 points successively according to the Pfirrmann system, and determined whether there was Modic change of each end plate. The correlation between the morphology of the end plate and the degree of IDD was analyzed.

Results:

There was an excellent interobserver agreement for each item we analyzed (interclass correlation coefficient >0.75). Concave end plate appeared most frequently (187, 53.7%) and was mainly distributed in L3/4 and L4/5, whereas irregular end plate was the least common type (54, 15.5%) and mainly concentrated in L5/S1. The IDD degree of the corresponding disc increased gradually from concave (3.27 ± 0.81) to irregular end plates (4.25 ± 0.79) (P < 0.05). Irregular end plates were more likely to have Modic changes than concave and flat end plates (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The sagittal morphology of the lower lumbar end plate is related to modic changes and degree of IDD (based on the Pfirrmann grading system) in patients with LDH, and the concave end plate mostly reflects a lower degree of lumbar disc degeneration, which has substantial clinical significance.
Treatment of Infected Nonunion of Fracture of the Proximal Third of Tibia Using Ilizarov Ring Fixator: A Case Series
Authors: Kulkarni Madhura Sujay , Kulkarni Milind , Kulkarni Ruta
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Nonunions (NUs) of the fractured proximal third of the tibia are challenging to manage owing to a capacious canal and scarce anterior soft-tissue cover. Infection further complicates the use of internal fixators in such patients. We present a study of 25 cases of infected NU of the proximal third of the tibia that we treated using the Ilizarov ring fixator over 10 years.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-three men and two women with infected NU of the proximal tibial meta-diaphyseal junction were studied. The mean age of the patients was 39.2 years. Treatment involved thorough debridement of the NU site with freshening of the bone ends followed by the application of a 3-ring hybrid Ilizarov construct. The patients were followed at regular intervals to assess the infection control, union, limb function, and complications.

Results:

Successful union and eradication of infection were achieved in 21 patients. Union was not satisfactory in four cases. The average fixator time was 7.12 months. Average knee flexion of 99.2° was observed. The Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov score was excellent in 56% of cases and good in 28%. Six patients required soft-tissue reconstruction. One patient suffered a fracture at the distal pin site while one had a refracture 4 months after treatment completion. Three patients developed a discharging sinus which required debridement and oral antibiotics.

Conclusion:

The Ilizarov construct provides multilevel, multidirectional, and multiplanar stability, aiding early mobility. Appropriate case selection, sound soft-tissue reconstruction, robust infection control, and good patient compliance are important for the success of the treatment.
Anterior Thoracic Myelomeningocele: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Patil Chandrasekhar , Mahalingam Harshavardhan , Rangasami Rajeswaran
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a malformation characterized by failure of closure of the neural tube resulting in protrusion of neural placode and meningeal lining through the bony and cutaneous defect in the midline. It commonly involves the lumbar and sacral regions (98%) and is rare in cervical and thoracic spine. Anterior thoracic MMC is even rarer with very few cases reported so far. Here we report a 12-year-old child, who presented with a bony deformity in the upper thorax and with gradual onset lower limb weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed the presence of anterior MMC in the upper thoracic region. We have also reviewed the various articles of anterior thoracic MMC reported so far.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Yareeda Sireesha , Afshan Jabeen S. , Neeharika Mathukumalli L. , Kandadai Rukmini M. , Turaga Suryaprabha P. , Borgohain Rupam
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:

The prevalence of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is 0.69–26.92 per 100,000 individuals. Here we describe the clinical profile and follow-up of patients with POMS from India where the data are scarce.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective observational study; the data were collected from the ongoing MS registry from 2007. The clinical and demographic profile was studied and therapy response was documented.

Results:

There were nine patients with POMS with a mean age of 16.8 years (13–19). The lag in the diagnosis ranged from 0 to 8 years (mean of 2.5 years). Six had relapsing remitting variant of MS (RRMS). Optic neuritis was the most common presentation (44%). Oligoclonal bands were positive in 5 (55%).

Conclusion:

Optic neuritis was the common symptom followed by ataxia due to brainstem or spinal cord involvement. The lag period was long and the impairment in academic performance and social functioning was a concern.
Integrating Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer as a New Dimension in Medical Physics: The Way Forward
Authors: Sarma Gautam , Kashyap Hrishikesh , Medhi Partha Pratim
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), a groundbreaking language model powered by artificial intelligence, has revolutionized various industries, including healthcare. In the field of medical physics, ChatGPT offers numerous applications and benefits. ChatGPT can enhance patient communication by generating responses to inquiries, providing information, and addressing concerns. It can serve as a decision support tool by analyzing the patient data and providing insights for treatment optimization. Moreover, it can streamline administrative tasks, support quality assurance activities, aid in education and training, and contribute to research and innovation in medical physics. However, it is important to acknowledge ChatGPT’s limitations, such as its limited understanding of complex medical physics concepts and the inability to perform calculations or analyze data with the expertise of a human professional. In addition, ethical considerations regarding authorship, biases, and data reliability should be carefully addressed. Despite these limitations, ChatGPT holds immense promise in the field of medical physics. Hence, it is important to view ChatGPT as a tool to enhance productivity rather than a substitute for human expertise, and verification of its responses is crucial.
Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 73Ni - 7.0Cr - 16.5Mo Solution Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: September 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
Genetic Studies of Extra Early Maize Genotypes Under Low Nitrogen
Authors: Amuzu G. , Ribeiro P.F. , Asante M.D. , Lamptey J.N.L.
Published: September 2024

Nitrogen (N) is a major limiting factor associated with maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Low N tolerant hybrids can absorb and  utilise N from the soil as well as applied fertilisers, making them efficient users of N. This study focused on identifying inbred lines with  desirable GCA for grain yield and other agronomic traits under low N, determining the gene action governing grain yield and other  agronomic traits under low N and estimating the genotypic variability for grain yield and other agronomic traits among extra early maize  hybrids. Ten extra early white endosperm maize inbred lines were crossed to five testers in a line tester mating design to -1 generate fifty  (50) single cross hybrids (SCH) which were evaluated under low N (30 kg N ha ) -1 and optimum N (90 kg N ha ). The combined analysis of  variance (ANOVA) under low and optimum N showed significant mean squares for the environment and hybrids but non-significant hybrid environment interaction mean squares for grain yield (GY) under low N. General combining ability of line and tester as well as  specific combining ability showed significant mean squares for GYunder both low and optimum N environments. Non-additive gene  action governed GY under low and optimum N. GY had moderate genotypic coefficient of variability and high genetic advance as a  percentage of mean under low and optimum N. Lines CRIZEEL-W-242 and CRIZEEL-W-261 were the best inbred lines identified under low  and optimum N conditions, hence should be used in recurrent selection or other hybridization programmes.
Genetic variations of rice yellow mottle virus disease on selected rice (Oryza sativa L) genotypes and their effects on yield and yield-related traits
Authors: Amadu B. , Asante M.D. , Oppong A. , Tawiah I. , Gamenyah D.D. , Adetimirin V.O. , Kyung-Ho K.
Published: September 2024

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is one of the most important disease affecting rice production in Africa. This research aimed to estimate  the effect of RYMV disease on some yield-related traits in Korean rice germplasm recently introduced into Ghana and identify new  sources of RYMV resistance for use in breeding. One hundred and seventy-six (176) rice genotypes including two highly resistant and a  susceptible check, were used for this research. The experiment was laid in 4 × 44 lattice design with four replications in RYMV inoculated  and non-RYMV inoculated environments in a screen house at CSIR-Crops Research Institute (CRI), Fumesua, Ghana, in 2019. The non- RYMV inoculated environment served as a control. Significant positive correlations were observed between disease severity and  percentage grain yield reduction. RYMV reduced the culm length, tiller number, plant height, panicle number, biomass, and grain yield.  The first five principal components explained 92.39% of the variation in the germplasm, with panicle number, tiller number, heading date,  grain yield/plant and disease severity being the main discriminatory traits. The biplot indicated that genotypes 8261112 and  8261119, together with Gigante and Tog7291 (resistant checks), were the least impacted by the disease. We identified four main clusters  from the hierarchical cluster analysis. Five highly resistant and 10 resistant genotypes were identified. The newly identified resistant  genotypes will be used in breeding for resistance to RYMVdisease in Africa.
Genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny of leafhopper Batracomorphus signatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Egypt
Authors: El-Hady Rabab M.
Published: September 2024

Classic identification of leafhoppers is based only on the morphology of male genitalia. However, genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny are effective tools to identify different leafhopper species in any stage of their life cycle and to study the evolution of any species to estimate its phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (mtCOI) region has been the source of DNA sequence data frequently used to infer evolutionary relationships among insects at various taxonomic levels. The current work explores the molecular evolution of the leafhopper Batracomorphus signatus Lindberg (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and its applicability in reconstructing phylogenetic connections within and among the leafhopper species by using the COX gene and 28SrDNA (NCBI accession No. LC775122.1 and LC670604.1, respectively.
Assessment of farmers opinion towards agricultural extension service delivery in Esan Southeast and Esan Central Local Government Areas of Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: S.O. Alakpa  , A.O. Ehigie
Published: September 2024

This study focused on the opinion of farmers toward the delivery of agricultural extension services in Esan Southeast and Esan Central Local Government Areas of Edo state. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of three hundred (300) farmers for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents and data obtained were analyzed using descriptive (frequency counts, mean, percentages) and inferential (Spearman’s Rank Correlation) statistics was used to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The findings of the study showed that for crop production packages, frequent farmer-extension contact was evident, with mean scores indicating regular interaction in various stages such as site selection (3.82), harrowing (3.76), and crop protection (4.28). Similarly, livestock packages exhibit consistent contact, with mean scores emphasizing communication in areas like feed formulation/feeding (5.24) and provision of security (4.73). All the respondents willingly accepted extension packages, with none rejecting offers. Only few (13%) of the respondents independently seek information on improved extension packages, while 12.7% of the respondents trusted extension agents' judgement on extension packages provided. Additionally, more than half (54%) of the respondents supported mobile phone use for accessing improved extension packages. The study reveals a strong positive correlation (r=0.844; p < 0.01) between frequency of farmers contact with extension agents and farmers opinion towards effectiveness of extension services delivery, which implies that increasing the frequency of contact between farmers and extension agents could potentially improve farmers' perceptions of the effectiveness of these services. It is therefore, recommended that extension service providers should consider strategies to increase interactions with farmers in other to foster continuous positive results and outcomes.
Water quality parameters and length-weight relationship of Bagrus bajad (Fabricius, 1775) in Ajiwa Reservoir, Katsina State
Authors: I. Abubakar  , A.B. Dauda  , A. Dasuki
Published: September 2024

Continuous assessment of natural water bodies is essential to ascertain the pollution and health status. This study was conducted between February and September 2022 to evaluate the physicochemical parameters and the length-weight relationship of silver catfish in Ajiwa Reservoir, Katsina State with the aim of evaluating the pollution and health status of the water body. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), water hardness, turbidity, alkalinity, and total ammonia-nitrogen were evaluated using standard techniques. Length-weight relationship of silver catfish was also assessed. One-way ANOVA was used to compare each of the physicochemical parameters among three sampling stations in the reservoir. Linear regression was used to fit the length-weight relationship model and Fulton’s condition factor for wellbeing of the fish. All the water quality parameters were similar among the three stations except total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) 8.82±0.02 mgL-1, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Kadaji compared to the two other stations. Monthly variation was also observed in all the examined water quality parameters. The length-weight relationship of Bagrus bajad during the study period showed negative allometric growth as the slope parameter (b) value ranged between 0.85 in Gamji to 1.16 in Kadaji. However, the fish were in good condition as the combined K value was 1.02 and each of the stations had K values between 0.92 and 1.10. The water body cannot be said to be under pollution stress considering all the physicochemical parameters were within the recommended level for tropical fish species and the K value revealed that the fish are in good condition.
Maximizing the role of trees in flood control and creating resilient landscapes in Sokoto State, Nigeria: A review
Authors: Z.Y. Gada  , J.O. Saka
Published: September 2024

As the planet warms, rainfall patterns shift, and extreme events such as drought, floods, and forest fires become more frequent resulting in poor and unpredictable yields, thereby making farmers more vulnerable, particularly in Africa. Similarly, several studies reported that the consequences of climate change coupled with human activities resulting in flooding incidences, adversely affect land productivity and destroy infrastructural facilities in Nigeria. Despite several efforts, flooding incidences persist, and losses incurred due to such phenomenon are escalating. Given this, a biological approach involving tree planting at strategic places as a flood control measure is currently receiving attention worldwide. Though trees have limitations with regard to flood mitigation especially in the urban setting, their role in slowing surface runoff and provision of ecosystem services cannot be overemphasized. However, the current paper reviewed the potential of trees in flood regulation and creating a resilient landscape in Sokoto State, Nigeria. This is to provide information for policymakers, forestry practitioners, and environmental stakeholders in curtailing the impact of flooding and developing a landscape that persists or supports biodiversity after perturbation.
Marketing of fuelwood in Bida Local Government Area of Niger state, Nigeria
Authors: A.A. Senchi  , M.M. Kolo
Published: September 2024

This research analyzed the marketing activities of fuelwood in Bida local government area, Niger State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the study. In the first stage, purposive sampling was used to select five districts (Banyagi, Nassarafu, Banwuya, Sabongida, and Bangaie), two markets from four districts and three markets from Banwuya, giving a total number of 11 markets. In the second stage, simple random sampling was used to select 20 respondents from each of the four districts and 40 respondents form Banwuya markets which gave a total sample size of 120 respondents. Structured questionnaire and oral interviews were used to generate data. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and gross profit margin. The result obtained showed that, female (93.3%) are the major actors in the marketing of fuelwood; the average age of the respondents was between 31- 40 years (36.7%), married (67.5%) with household size of 11-15 members (30.8%). Majority had Quranic education (61.7%) and fuelwood business as their occupation (60.0%). Most marketers source their products from the forest (53.3%) and had weekly sale revenue of ₦89,250.00, total cost ₦46,450 and gross profit margin of ₦42,800 per week. However, the return on investment (ROI) showed that, fuelwood marketers incurred 47.96% from their business. Cost of labour and transportation are the major constraint of fuelwood marketers. From this study, fuelwood marketing is a profitable business and has become part and parcel of their daily domestic energy utilization. There is need to identify fast growing tree species that are suitable for burning and the planting of such species should be emphasized.
Effect of organic fertilizers on growth performance of Mansonia altissima A. Chev. seedlings
Authors: M.O. Ojo  , I.O. Asinwa  , O.H. Odomo
Published: September 2024

Mansonia altissima A. Chev plays an important role in timber industry but is a very slow growing species at seedling stage. The study, therefore, investigated the influence of different organic fertilizers on the growth potentials of M. altissima with a view to producing seedlings of high vigour for the establishment of healthy plantation. Two weeks old uniform seedlings of M. altissima were transplanted into the polythene pots containing topsoil amended with different organic manures.  There were four (4) treatments {Topsoil + Goat droppings (T1); Topsoil + Poultry droppings (T2); Topsoil + Pig droppings (T3) and Topsoil alone (control) (T4)}, replicated five times. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data on shoot heights (cm), collar diameters (mm), leaf area (cm2) and leaf production were collected weekly and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments in shoot heights, leaf production and leaf area. But there was no significant difference in collar diameter (p>0.05). T1 had highest mean shoot height (9.9±1.35cm), Leaf production (2.0±0.29) and Leaf area (29.17±5.60 cm2) while the least leaf production (1.89+0.24) was observed in the control treatment. Application of different organic fertilizers had significant effects on the growth performance of Mansonia altissima seedlings within period of study with the best performance in the seedlings raised with T1.
Assessment of potential contributions of biomass load to fire hazards in Arakanga Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: O.B. Banjo  , R.O. Adewale  , W.A. Salami  , M.A. Kolapo  , A.O. Oso  , A.B. Balogun
Published: September 2024

Forest fire is an uncontrolled combustion that burns through the forest's organic materials, such as trees, brush and grasses.  Arakanga Forest Reserve is prone to fire outbreak and there is lack of data to understand fire risks, extent and potential biomass load that contribute to fire outbreak and biomass loss. fire risk indices (FRI) were determined from historical records in 2021 of six (6) burnt patches identified in the forest reserves. Eight (8) temporary sample plots (TSP) of 20m x 20m were systematically demarcated in each of the identified burnt patch where complete enumeration of tree species, including their height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured.  Above ground biomass (AGB) was computed from combination of tree height, DBH, form factor and biomass expansion factor (BEF).  Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Total of 520 tree stands, comprising of Azadirachta indica, Gmelina arborea, Pinus carribaea and Tectona grandis were enumerated.  Mean DBH and height of tree observed were 10.3 ± 0.41 cm and 12.60 ± 3.23 m respectively.  Burnt patches identified in Arakanga Forest Reserve from historical records ranged between 4.32 ha and 10.4 ha. The amount of AGB load was highest in Patch 1 at 828.77 ± 166.35 Mg/ha, followed by Patch 3 at 806.89 ± 246.05 Mg/ha, with the least AGB load occurring in Patch 4 as 514.55 ± 215.38 Mg/ha.  There was no significant difference (p > 0.79) in the AGB load among the burnt patches identified in the forest reserve.  However, FRI was significantly (p<0.05) highest in Patch 1 where AGB was highest and least in Patch 4 where AGB was lowest. This study provides documentary evidence of amount of potential AGB load that could contribute to significant fire risk and destruction of forest ecosystem.
Influence of irrigation regimes, variety and cow dung rates on selected chemical properties of a sandy clay loam soil in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: M.M. Sauwa  , A. Abdulkadir  , S.T. Abu  , O.J. Mudiare
Published: September 2024

Adoption of appropriate soil, water and crop management practices could be the gate way to enhanced soil chemical quality, crop productivity as well as national and global food security. A study was undertaken to assess the influence of irrigation regimes, with two rice varieties and varying cowdung manure application rates on some selected chemical properties of a sandy clay loam soil in a semi-arid zone of Sokoto, Nigeria. The study evaluated four water management practices [alternate wetting and drying (AWD) treatments:  AWD1: irrigating  when water level was 10 cm below the soil surface, AWD2: irrigate when water level was 15 cm below the soil surface, AWD3: irrigate when water level  fell to 20 cm below the soil surface  and  CF: continuous flooding] with two rice varieties (FARO 44 and TOFA) and with four rates of cowdung amendment (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1). The Plots were arranged in a split-split plot design replicated three times. Rice was grown on the field in 2020 and 2021 seasons. Measurements of chemical properties of the soils were carried out using standard procedures. The results revealed that water management and rice varieties had no significant effect on the chemical properties of the soils. The results showed significant effects of cow dung rates on OC, Ca and K contents of the soils with 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 better than 0 t ha-1. The study recommended that similar research should be extended to 3-4 years to assess residual effects of the management practices imposed on soil chemical quality.
Micro-business of grasshopper processing in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: A.M. Kabir  , M.S. Bilbis
Published: September 2024

Grasshopper processing, particularly frying, is a traditional and culturally significant economic activity in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria. It provides livelihoods for many residents, especially women and youth. However, despite its importance, the income generation potential and factors influencing profitability in this micro-agribusiness sector remain underexplored. This study employed a mixed-method approach to investigate the income levels, determinants of profitability, and socio-economic characteristics of grasshopper processors in Sokoto Metropolis. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 100 respondents from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) known for high grasshopper processing activity. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and multiple regression models were employed to analyze the data. The study revealed that grasshopper processors are predominantly young females with a high level of education (secondary or higher). Family emerged as the primary source of capital for these microbusinesses. The average weekly revenue was ₦6,920, with an average gross margin of ₦4,613. Age and household size were identified as significant positive determinants of profitability. Grasshopper processing contributes to the economic landscape of Sokoto Metropolis, particularly for young women. The findings suggest this activity has the potential to generate income and serve as a viable source of livelihood. Understanding the factors influencing profitability can inform interventions to support and empower grasshopper processors.
Assessing rural residents perception on utilization of environmental impact assessment for rural development projects in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: O. Adetarami  , S.B. Johnson  , K.O. Ogunjinmi  , E.F. Hammed  , A.A. Odeyemi
Published: September 2024

This study assessed rural residents perception on utilization of environmental impact assessment for rural development projects in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 450 respondents for this study. An interview schedule was used to obtain data, summarize and present by using tables, frequency counts, percent and means while Ordered Logit Regression and Spearman Rho Correlation were used to analyze the relationships between variables. Results showed that the mean age, household size and average monthly income were 33.16 years, 8 people and ₦77,644.67 respectively. Rural residents perceived that the public should participate in EIA. The proportion of the respondents with mean value of 4.40 claimed that lack of transparency was the major factor strongly affecting them in utilizing EIA. Educational level and access to extension services were significant determinants of perception of rural residents on utilization of EIA for rural development projects. However, correlation analysis revealed a favorable link between the factor affecting utilization of EIA and its perception to rural residents. In order to encourage public involvement in the EIA process, explicit rules for public participation, transparency, and review should be developed.
Urban agriculture and its determinants in Kidfarmaco estate, Kikuyu Town
Authors: Chesang Brigid J. , Njuguna Mugwima B. , Munala Gerryshom K.
Published: September 2024

Urban agriculture is an important multifunctional aspect of the urban ecosystem that contributes to the sustainability and resilience of  urban areas. The unplanned transition from the traditional spatial character of agriculture to that of urban agriculture presents a  challenge in the residential areas of Kidfarmaco Estate, Kikuyu Town. To understand the character of urban agriculture, the paper sought  to describe urban agriculture and its determinants. The study took a quantitative research approach and a survey design. Snowballing  was identified as the best sampling method for the study. Data was collected from a total of 93 resident farmers. The sample size was determined during data collection upon data saturation. Questionnaires with statements describing urban agriculture and its  determinants were rated on a 7-point Likert scale by resident farmers. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression to establish  whether these determinants explain urban agriculture within the Estate. Economic and social factors were found to be  significant in explaining the likelihood of a resident of Kidfarmaco Estate, Kikuyu Town practicing urban agriculture at a significance of  0.000 and 0.026 respectively. Independent variables accounted for 30.7% of the variance of urban agriculture. The regression line  predicted by the independent variables explains a significant amount of the variance in urban agriculture (F (6,86) =6.339, P<0.05).  Economic factors included; employment creation, land productivity, and improved economy. Social factors included; food and health  literacy, health and well-being, and recreational opportunities. Economic and social factors of urban agriculture should therefore be capitalized on to facilitate sustainable urban agriculture in Kikuyu Town. For ease of implementation, these strategies should conform to  the legal framework (the constitution of Kenya, the Urban Areas and Cities Act, and the Agricultural Act); and be in line with the  municipal, county, and national spatial plans.