bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Genre of Science Classroom Discourse: Mutual Contextualization Between Genre and Representation Construction
Authors: Tang Kok-Sing , Park Joonhyeong , Chang Jina
Published: May 2021

This paper argues that meaning-making with multimodal representations in science learning is always contextualized within a genre and, conversely, what constitutes an ongoing genre also depends on a multimodal coordination of speech, gesture, diagrams, symbols, and material objects. In social semiotics, a genre is a culturally evolved way of doing things with language (including non-verbal representations). Genre provides a useful lens to understand how a community’s cultural norms and practices shape the use of language in various human activities. Despite this understanding, researchers have seldom considered the role of scientific genres (e.g., experimental account, information report, explanation) to understand how students in science classrooms make meanings as they use and construct multimodal representations. This study is based on an enactment of a drawing-to-learn approach in a primary school classroom in Australia, with data generated from classroom videos and students’ artifacts. Using multimodal discourse analysis informed by social semiotics, we analyze how the semantic variations in students’ representations correspond to the recurring genres they were enacting. We found a general pattern in the use and creation of representations across different scientific genres that support the theory of a mutual contextualization between genre and representation construction.
Could biochar amendment be a tool to improve soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus? A meta-analysis of published experiments
Authors: Tesfaye Fitsum , Liu Xiaoyu , Zheng Jufeng , Cheng Kun , Bian Rongjun , Zhang Xuhui , Li Lianqing , Drosos Marios , Joseph Stephen , Pan Genxing
Published: May 2021

As one of the most important nutrients for plant growth, phosphorus was often poorly available in soil. While biochar addition induced improvement of soil structure, nutrient and water retention as well as microbial activity had been well known, and the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on soil phosphorus availability and plant P uptake had been not yet quantitatively assessed. In a review study, data were retrieved from 354 peer-reviewed research articles on soil available P content and P uptake under BSA published by February 2019. Then a database was established of 516 data pairs from 86 studies with and without BSA in agricultural soils. Subsequently, the effect size of biochar application was quantified relative to no application and assessed in terms of biochar conditions, soil conditions, as well as experiment conditions. In grand mean, there was a significant and great effect of BSA on soil available P and plant P uptake by 65% and 55%, respectively. The effects were generally significant under manure biochar, biochar pyrolyzed under 300 °C, soil pH <5 and fine-textured soil, and soils that are very low in available P. Being significantly correlated to soil P availability (R2=0.29), plant P uptake was mostly enhanced with vegetable crops of high biomass yield. Overall, biochar amendment at a dosage up to 10 t ha−1could be a tool to enhance soil availability and plant uptake of phosphorus, particularly in acid, heavy textured P-poor soils.
Gastrointestinal Physiology Before and After Duodenal Switch with Comparisons to Unoperated Lean Controls: Novel Use of the SmartPill Wireless Motility Capsule
Authors: Elias Khalid , Hellström Per M. , Webb Dominic-Luc , Sundbom Magnus
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Bariatric surgery alters gastrointestinal anatomy. In this exploratory study, the SmartPill® wireless motility capsule (WMC) was used to study changes in gastrointestinal physiology following biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS).

Material and Methods

Twenty-eight BPD/DS patients (35 ± 11 years, 50% females, body mass index [BMI] 56 ± 5) were to be examined preoperatively and postoperatively. In addition to transit time, appetite control and gastrointestinal symptoms were studied by patient-scored questionnaires (visual analogue scale and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)). Data was compared to 41 lean unoperated controls.

Results

About 1.8 years postoperatively, 18 patients (BMI 35.8 ± 8.3) returned for a second WMC test. As expected, small bowel transit time was reduced, from 3.9 ± 1.6 h to 2.8 ± 2.0, p = 0.02, and at both these time points, it was shorter than in lean controls (5.4 ± 1.9 h, p = 0.001). Postoperatively, a trend towards reduced colon and whole gut transit times was seen in BPD/DS-patients, thus approaching those of lean controls. Surprisingly, BPD/DS patients scored higher satiety than controls preoperatively as well as increased hunger and desire to eat postoperatively. Compared to lean, BPD/DS patients reported a higher total GSRS score at both time points (1.2 ± 0.2 vs 1.7 ± 0.6 and 2.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). Postoperatively, the scores for diarrhea and indigestion increased.

Conclusions

The novel use of the SmartPill system in BPD/DS patients gave the expected readouts. Although small bowel transit time was further shortened after BPD/DS, whole gut transit time did not differ from controls. Typical gastrointestinal symptoms were reported postoperatively.

Graphical abstract
Post-mortem persistence of SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary study
Authors: Sablone Sara , Solarino Biagio , Ferorelli Davide , Benevento Marcello , Chironna Maria , Loconsole Daniela , Sallustio Anna , Dell’Erba Alessandro , Introna Francesco
Published: May 2021

Since the beginning of March 2020, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been the cause of millions of deaths worldwide. The need to better define the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) as well as to provide the correct statistical records concerning deaths related to this virus, inevitably involves the role of forensic pathology and routine autopsy practice. Currently, some data on macroscopic and microscopic features in autopsies performed in suspected Covid-19 cases are reported in the literature. The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in cadavers has not yet been elucidated and only a few reports have emphasized the importance of evaluating the Virus RNA in post-mortem tissues. In this preliminary study, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 survives in multiple cadaver tissues many days after death despite some extreme conditions of post-mortem body preservation. The results of this on-going analysis could help improve the safety of working practices for pathologists as well as understanding the possible interaction between microbiological agents and the cadaver tissue’s supravital reactions.
Methods for estimating moment of inertia of cricket bats
Authors: Curtis David , Heller Ben , Senior Terry
Published: May 2021

Mass moment of inertia is a key inertial property of cricket bats and should be used in selection to optimise performance. Players currently rely on a subjective assessment of how the bat feels when swung supported only by a value for bat mass from the manufacturer. This reliance on a subjective assessment is because the moment of inertia of a bat typically requires a pendulum method to measure with sufficient accuracy. In this study, two methods for estimating moment of inertia were tested. The hypotheses were that (1) an acceptable estimate of moment of inertia could be calculated using a beam model approach, and (2) the inertial property first moment could act as a proxy measure for moment of inertia. Experimental values for moment of inertia were obtained using a pendulum method. The two-section beam model showed an error of 0.43–0.53% between model and experimental values based on a Root Mean Square Error of 0.0017 kg m2. First moment data were generated on 5005 bats spread across eight bat shapes. A correlation was shown between the measured value of first moment and the beam model value of moment of inertia, with an R2 value > 0.992 for all bat shapes. This study showed that a two-section beam model and first moment method for estimating cricket bat moment of inertia could be used to improve bat selection.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Thioredoxin Gene Family in Gossypium hirsutum L. and the Role of the Atypical Thioredoxin Gene GhTRXL3-2 in Flowering
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Yunfei , Huang Xianzhong
Published: May 2021

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a highly conserved low-molecular-weight protein and a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that plays key role in the regulation of plant growth and development. Here, using the whole-genome sequence, we performed a systematic analysis for the TRX gene family in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and analyzed their structural characteristics, evolution, and expression profiles during growth and development. At least 86 GhTRX members, 40 typical and 46 atypical, were identified in the cotton genome, and they were unevenly distributed on the 26 chromosomes. Conserved domains and phylogenic tree construction classified the typical TRX gene family into seven subfamilies and the atypical TRX into nine subfamilies. An evolutionary analysis revealed that the TRX gene family underwent purification selection during evolution. In addition, an RNA-Seq analysis showed that, during vegetative and reproductive development, the differences in transcript abundance levels and organ-specific expression patterns suggest functional diversity. Biochemical assays demonstrated that the atypical TRX protein GhTRXL3-2 interacted with the cotton FLOWERING LOCUS T protein GhFT. The overexpression of GhTRXL3-2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in early flowering compared with control plants. Additionally, the silencing of GhTRXL3-2 in cotton delayed maturation, suggesting that it has important roles in cotton’s flowering regulation. These results help clarify the evolution of the TRX genes and elucidate their biological functions in cotton flowering regulation.
Very Selective Detection of Low Physiopathological Glucose Levels by Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy with Univariate Data Analysis
Authors: Golparvar Ata , Boukhayma Assim , Loayza Timothy , Caizzone Antonino , Enz Christian , Carrara Sandro
Published: May 2021

After decades of research on non-invasive glucose monitoring, invasive devices based on finger blood sampling are still the predominant reference for diabetic patients for accurately measuring blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, research continues improving point-of-care technology toward the development of painless and more accurate devices. Raman spectroscopy is well-known as a potentially valuable and painless approach for measuring glucose levels. However, previous Raman studies deal with glucose concentrations that are still order of magnitudes away with respect to human tissues’ physiological concentrations, or they propose enhancement methodologies either invasive or much complex to assure sufficient sensitivity in the physiological range. Instead, this study proposes an alternative non-enhanced Raman spectroscopy approach sensitive to glucose concentrations from 1 to 5 mmol/l, which correspond to the lowest physiopathological glucose level in human blood. Our findings suggest a very selective detection of glucose with respect to other typical metabolites, usually interfering with Raman spectroscopy’s glucose detection. We validate the proposed univariate sensing methodology on glucose solutions mixed with lactate and urea, the two most common molecules found in human serum with concentrations similar to glucose and similar features in the Raman spectra. Our findings clearly illustrate that reliable detection of glucose by Raman spectroscopy is feasible by exploiting the shifted peak at 1125 ± 10 cm–1 within physiopathological ranges.
A neuro-swarming intelligent heuristic for second-order nonlinear Lane–Emden multi-pantograph delay differential system
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Le Dac-Nhuong , Aly Ayman A.
Published: May 2021

The current study is related to present a novel neuro-swarming intelligent heuristic for nonlinear second-order Lane–Emden multi-pantograph delay differential (NSO-LE-MPDD) model by applying the approximation proficiency of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and local/global search capabilities of particle swarm optimization (PSO) together with efficient/quick interior-point (IP) approach, i.e., ANN-PSOIP scheme. In the designed ANN-PSOIP scheme, a merit function is proposed by using the mean square error sense along with continuous mapping of ANNs for the NSO-LE-MPDD model. The training of these nets is capable of using the integrated competence of PSO and IP scheme. The inspiration of the ANN-PSOIP approach instigates to present a reliable, steadfast, and consistent arrangement relates the ANNs strength for the soft computing optimization to handle with such inspiring classifications. Furthermore, the statistical soundings using the different operators certify the convergence, accurateness, and precision of the ANN-PSOIP scheme.
Deep Multiple Auto-Encoder-Based Multi-view Clustering
Authors: Du Guowang , Zhou Lihua , Yang Yudi , Lü Kevin , Wang Lizhen
Published: May 2021

Multi-view clustering (MVC), which aims to explore the underlying structure of data by leveraging heterogeneous information of different views, has brought along a growth of attention. Multi-view clustering algorithms based on different theories have been proposed and extended in various applications. However, most existing MVC algorithms are shallow models, which learn structure information of multi-view data by mapping multi-view data to low-dimensional representation space directly, ignoring the nonlinear structure information hidden in each view, and thus, the performance of multi-view clustering is weakened to a certain extent. In this paper, we propose a deep multi-view clustering algorithm based on multiple auto-encoder, termed MVC-MAE, to cluster multi-view data. MVC-MAE adopts auto-encoder to capture the nonlinear structure information of each view in a layer-wise manner and incorporate the local invariance within each view and consistent as well as complementary information between any two views together. Besides, we integrate the representation learning and clustering into a unified framework, such that two tasks can be jointly optimized. Extensive experiments on six real-world datasets demonstrate the promising performance of our algorithm compared with 15 baseline algorithms in terms of two evaluation metrics.
Measuring Behaviour
Authors: Bateson Melissa , Martin Paul
Published: May 2021

Measuring Behaviour is the established go-to text for anyone interested in scientific methods for studying the behaviour of animals or humans. It is widely used by students, teachers and researchers in a variety of fields, including biology, psychology, the social sciences and medicine. This new fourth edition has been completely rewritten and reorganised to reflect major developments in how behavioural studies are conducted. It includes new sections on the replication crisis, covering Open Science initiatives such as preregistration, as well as fully up-to-date information on the use of remote sensors, big data and artificial intelligence in capturing and analysing behaviour. The sections on the analysis and interpretation of data have been rewritten to align with current practices, with advice on avoiding common pitfalls. Although fully revised and revamped, this new edition retains the simplicity, clarity and conciseness that have made Measuring Behaviour a classic since the first edition appeared more than 30 years ago.
Composers' Intentions?
Authors: Parrott Andrew
Published: May 2021

These selected essays by conductor Andrew Parrott reflect the thinking behind some four decades of his ground-breaking performances and recordings. Bringing together seminal writings on the performance expectations of, amongst others, Monteverdi, Purcell and J. S. Bach, this volume also includes the full version of a major new article calling into question the presumed historical place of the 'countertenor' voice. Focusing primarily on vocal and choral matters, the time span is broad (some five centuries) and the essays multifarious (from extensive scholarly articles to radio broadcasts). Authoritative, provocative and readable, Parrott's writing is packed with information of value to scholars, performers, students and curious listeners alike. ANDREW PARROTT is the founder and director of the Taverner Consort, Choir and Players. His book The Essential Bach Choir (The Boydell Press, 2000) has been acclaimed as 'a brilliant piece of research' (BBC Radio 3); 'utterly fascinating' (Gramophone); and 'a document which will itself no doubt be a subject of study for years to come' (Times Literary Supplement).
Building a Peaceful Nation
Authors: Bjerk Paul
Published: May 2021

In the early 1960s, nationalist politicians established in Tanzania a stable government in the face of external threats and internal turmoil. Paul Bjerk's volume chronicles this history and examines the politics and policies of the nation's first president, Julius Nyerere. One of the great leaders of modern Africa, Nyerere unified the diverse people who became citizens of the new nation and negotiated the tumultuous politics of the Cold War. In an era when many postcolonial countries succumbed to corrupt dictatorship or civil war, Nyerere sought principled government. Making difficult choices between democratic and autocratic rule, Nyerere creatively managed the destabilizing forces of decolonization.With extensive archival research and interviews with scores of participants in this history, Bjerk reorients our understanding of the formative years of Tanzanian independence. This study provides a new paradigm for understanding the history of the postcolonial nations that became independent in a global postwar order defined by sovereignty.Paul Bjerk is assistant professor of history at Texas Tech University.
Commemorating the Seafarer
Authors: Tomlinson Barbara
Published: May 2021

This book discusses memorials - stained glass windows, church, cemetery and public monuments - commemorating British seafarers, shipbuilders and victims of shipwreck from the sixteenth century to the present. Examples have been chosen mainly from Great Britain and Ireland with a few from wider afield. They include important works by major British artists as well as more modest productions by anonymous carvers. The book retells the dramatic stories behind them, illustrating significant social and cultural changes in Britain's relationship to the sea. Memorials vividly illustrate the hazards of seagoing life and the impact these had both upon the family of the deceased and the general public. The book has a cultural historical focus. Each chapter includes case studies of both high status and popular memorials, showing how iconography such as the depiction of the wrecked ship was widely transmitted. The book covers both naval and commercial aspects of seafaring and includes memorials to naval officers, merchants, explorers, fishermen, leisure sailors, victims of shipwrecks and lifesavers, with around one hundred illustrations of memorials. Barbara Tomlinson was Curator of Antiquities at Royal Museums Greenwich (part of which is the National Maritime Museum) for over thirty-five years and is Hon. Secretary of the Church Monuments Society. Published in association with the National Maritime Museum, part of Royal Museums Greenwich.
Conducting the Brahms Symphonies
Authors: Dyment Christopher
Published: May 2021

How did Brahms conduct his four symphonies? What did he want from other conductors when they performed these works, and to which among them did he give his approval? And crucially, are there any stylistic pointers to these performances in early recordings of the symphonies made in the first half of the twentieth century? For the first time, Christopher Dyment provides a comprehensive and in-depth answer to these important issues. Drawing together the strands of existing research with extensive new material from a wide range of sources - the views of musicians, contemporary journals, memoirs, biographies and other critical literature - Dyment presents a vivid picture of historic performance practice in Brahms's era and the half-century that followed. Here is a remarkable panorama showcasing Brahms himself conducting, together with those conductors whom he heard, among them Levi, Richter, Nikisch, Weingartner and Fritz Steinbach, and their disciples, such as Toscanini, Stokowski, Boult and Fritz Busch. Here, too, are other famed Brahms conductors of the early twentieth century, including Furtwängler and Abendroth, whose connections with the Brahms tradition are closely examined.Dyment then analyses recordings of the symphonies by these conductors and highlights aspects which the composer might well have commended. Finally, Dyment suggests the importance of his conclusions for those contemporary conductors who are currently attempting to rediscover genuine performance traditions in their own re-creations of the symphonies. This major study is complemented with fortyphotographs and a frontispiece. It is sure to fascinate musicians, Brahms enthusiasts and those interested in the history of recorded music.  CHRISTOPHER DYMENT is author of Felix Weingartner: Recollections and Recordings (Triad Press 1976) and Toscanini in Britain (The Boydell Press 2012). He has published many articles about historic conductors over the last forty years.
A Companion to the Works of Kim Scott
Authors: Das Arindam , Machosky Brenda , Choo Christine , Whitlock Gillian , Leane Jeanine , Slater Lisa , Rofail Lydia Saleh , Quinlivan Natalie , Pree Nathanael , Henningsgaard Per , Osborne Roger , Thackrah Rosalie , Thompson Sandra , Hughes-d'Aeth Tony
Published: May 2021

Since the mid-1980s there has been a sharp rise in the number of literary publications by Indigenous Australians and in the readership and impact of those works. One contemporary Aboriginal Australianauthor who continues to make a contribution to both the Australian and the global canon is Kim Scott (1957-). Scott has won many awards, including Australia's highest, the prestigious Miles FranklinAward, for his novels Benang (in 2000) and That Deadman Dance(in 2011). Scott has also published in other literary genres, including poetry, the short story, and children's literature, and he has written and worked professionally on Indigenous health issues. Despite Scott's national and international acclaim, there is currently no comprehensive critical companion that contextualizeshis work for scholars, students, and general readers. A Companion to the Works of Kim Scott fills this void by providing a collection of eleven original essays focusing on Scott's novels, shortstories, poetry, and his work with the Wirlomin Noongar Language and Stories Project and Indigenous health. The companion also includes an original interview with the author. Contributors: Christine Choo, Arindam Das, Per Henningsgaard, Tony Hughes-d'Aeth, Jeanine Leane, Brenda Machosky, Nathanael Pree, Natalie Quinlivan, Lydia Saleh Rofail, Lisa Slater, Rosalie Thackrah and Sandra Thompson, Belinda Wheeler, Gillian Whitlock and Roger Osborne. Belinda Wheeler is Assistant Professor of English at Claflin University, Orangeburg, South Carolina.
Charlemagne and his Legend in Early Spanish Literature and Historiography
Authors: de Armas Frederick A , Vaquero Mercedes , Biglieri Anibal , Pick Lucy K.
Published: May 2021

The historical point of departure for this volume is Charlemagne's ill-fated incursion into Spain in 778. After an unsuccessful siege of Zaragoza, the king of the Franks directed his army north and on his passage through the Pyrenees, he turned his wrath on Pamplona, destroying the Basque city and its walls. The Basques subsequently ambushed the rearguard of Charlemagne's army on the heights of Pyrenees, killing numerous officers of the palace, plundering the baggage, and then vanishing into the forested hills, leaving the Franks to grieve without the satisfaction of revenge. In Spain, popular narratives eventually diverted their attention away from the Franks to the Spaniards responsible for their slaughter. This volume explores those legendary narratives of the Spaniards who defeated Charlemagne's army and the larger textual and cultural context of his presence in Spain, from before their careful elaboration in Latin and vernacular chronicles into the early modern period. It shares with previous studies a focus on the narration of historical and imaginary events across genres, but is unique in its emphasis on the reception and evolution of the legendary figure of Charlemagne in Spain. Overall, its purpose is to address the diversity and importance of the Carolingian legends in the literary, historical, and imaginative spheres during the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and intothe seventeenth century. Matthew Bailey is Professor of Spanish at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia; Ryan D. Giles is is Associate Professor in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at Indiana University, Bloomington. Contributors: Frederick A. de Armas, Matthew Bailey, Anibal Biglieri, Ryan D. Giles, Lucy K. Pick, Mercedes Vaquero.
Continuity and Crisis in German Cinema, 1928-1936
Authors: Hans Anjeana , Heinsohn Bastian , Henkel Brook , Rogowski Christian , Michell Kalani , Johnson Kevin B. , Frölich Margrit , Lyons Owen , Flaig Paul , McCormick Richard W. , Wilms Wilfried
Published: May 2021

Hitler's Machtergreifung, or seizure of power, on January 30, 1933, marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the Third Reich, and German film scholarship has generally accepted this date as the break between Weimar and Nazi-era film as well. This collection of essays interrogates the continuities and discontinuities in German cinema before and after January 1933 and theirrelationship to the various crises of the years 1928 to 1936 in seven areas: politics, the economy, concepts of race and ethnicity, the making of cinema stars, genre cinema, film technologies and aesthetics, and German-international film relations. Focusing both on canonical and lesser-known works, the essays analyze a representative sample of films and genres from the period. This book will be ofinterest to scholars and students of Weimar and Third Reich cinema and of the sociopolitical, economic, racial, artistic, and technological spheres in both late Weimar and the early Third Reich, as well as to film scholars in general. Contributors: Paul Flaig, Margrit Frölich, Barbara Hales, Anjeana Hans, Bastian Heinsohn, Brook Henkel, Kevin B. Johnson, Owen Lyons, Richard W. McCormick, Kalani Michell, Mihaela Petrescu, Christian Rogowski, Valerie Weinstein, Wilfried Wilms. Barbara Hales is Associate Professor of History at the University of Houston-Clear Lake. MihaelaPetrescu is Visiting Lecturer at the University of Pittsburgh. Valerie Weinstein is Assistant Professor of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies and German Studies at the University of Cincinnati.
Behavioral brittleness: the case for strategic behavioral public policy
Authors: Schmidt Ruth , Stenger Katelyn
Published: May 2021

Despite widespread recognition that behavioral public policy (BPP) needs to move beyond nudging if the field is to achieve more significant impact, problem-solving approaches remain optimized to achieve tactical success and are evaluated by short-term metrics with the assumption of stable systems. As a result, current methodologies may contribute to the development of solutions that appear well formed but become ‘brittle’ in the face of more complex contexts if they fail to consider important contextual cues, broader system forces, and emergent conditions, which can take three distinct forms: contextual, systemic, and anticipatory brittleness. The Covid-19 pandemic and vaccination rollout present an opportunity to identify and correct interventional brittleness with a new methodological approach – strategic BPP (SBPP) – that can inform the creation of more resilient solutions by embracing more diverse forms of evidence and applied foresight, designing interventions within ecosystems, and iteratively developing solutions. To advance the case for adopting a SBPP and ‘roughly right’ modes of inquiry, we use the Covid-19 vaccination rollout to define a new methodological roadmap, while also acknowledging that taking a more strategic approach may challenge current BPP norms.
The Direct and Indirect Costs of Treating the Victims of the 2016 Nice Terror Attacks in a Single Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Solla Federico , Ellenberg Eytan , Rampal Virginie , Margaine Julien , Musoff Charles , Taragin Mark , Tran Antoine , Ostfeld Ishay
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To analyze the cost of the terror attack in Nice in a single pediatric institution.

Methods:

We carried out descriptive analyses of the data coming from the Lenval University Children’s Hospital of Nice database after the July 14, 2016 terror attack. The medical cost for each patient was estimated from the invoice that the hospital sent to public insurance. The indirect costs were calculated from the hospital’s accounting, as the items that were previously absent or the difference between costs in 2016 versus the previous year.

Results:

The costs total 1.56 million USD, corresponding to 2% of Lenval Hospital’s 2016 annual budget. Direct medical costs represented 9% of the total cost. The indirect costs were related to human resources (overtime, sick leave), revenue shortfall, and security and psychiatric reinforcement.

Conclusion:

Indirect costs had a greater impact than did direct medical costs. Examining the level and variety of direct and indirect costs will lead to a better understanding of the consequences of terror acts and to improved preparation for future attacks.
Report on the finiteness of silting objects
Authors: Aihara Takuma , Honma Takahiro , Miyamoto Kengo , Wang Qi
Published: May 2021

We discuss the finiteness of (two-term) silting objects. First, we investigate new triangulated categories without silting object. Second, we study two classes of $\tau$-tilting-finite algebras and give the numbers of their two-term silting objects. Finally, we explore when $\tau$-tilting-finiteness implies representation-finiteness and obtain several classes of algebras in which a $\tau$-tilting-finite algebra is representation-finite.
On simultaneous rational approximation to a p-adic number and its integral powers, II
Authors: Badziahin Dzmitry , Bugeaud Yann , Schleischitz Johannes
Published: May 2021

Let $p$ be a prime number. For a positive integer $n$ and a real number $\xi$, let $\lambda _n (\xi )$ denote the supremum of the real numbers $\lambda$ for which there are infinitely many integer tuples $(x_0, x_1, \ldots , x_n)$ such that $| x_0 \xi - x_1|_p, \ldots , | x_0 \xi ^{n} - x_n|_p$ are all less than $X^{-\lambda - 1}$, where $X$ is the maximum of $|x_0|, |x_1|, \ldots , |x_n|$. We establish new results on the Hausdorff dimension of the set of real numbers $\xi$ for which $\lambda _n (\xi )$ is equal to (or greater than or equal to) a given value.
Rediscovering Afghan Fine Arts: The life of an Afghan student in Germany, Abdul Ghafur Brechna
Authors: WARDAKI MARJAN
Published: May 2021

In 1919, Afghanistan embarked on a series of reforms that led to the presence of Afghan students at various European universities, facilitating the circulation of peoples, ideas, and goods. Focusing on one of these cases, this article examines how an Afghan student engaged critically with ‘Western’ art and translated artistic ideas and technologies through the grid of Afghanistan's own history of the fine arts. Through an exploration of the work of Abdul Ghafur Brechna (1907–1974)—artist, music composer, poet, and writer—I argue that, despite his desire to train at German technical schools, Brechna translated, then connected, his Western training to restore Afghanistan's traditional visual and literary arts, making it problematic to define his oeuvre as purely ‘modern’ or ‘traditional’. The first aim is to situate Brechna within the intellectual milieu of Weimar Germany, placing emphasis on how he curated the course of his education to support his aims. By tracing out the evolution of his artistic knowledge to Afghanistan, the second part of this article connects his earlier training to the newly emerging scholars in Kabul who also grappled with national renewal and an ‘Aryan’ literary and cultural heritage. Lastly, I discuss his attempt to rewrite the history of the arts by closely analysing his visual and literary work, emphasizing in particular his attempt to reconnect to themes and genres that had previously been lost or neglected.
The epidemiology of non-suicidal self-injury: lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and treatment use in a nationally representative sample of adults in England
Authors: Liu Richard T.
Published: May 2021

Background

Although the clinical importance of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received increasing recognition, relatively little is known about its epidemiology. The objective of this study was to estimate the lifetime prevalence of NSSI in adults and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric disorders, and lifetime treatment for NSSI.

Methods

A nationally representative face-to-face survey was conducted with 7192 adults aged ≥18 years in England. Respondents were interviewed about engagement in NSSI, psychiatric illness, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and treatment history for this behavior.

Results

The estimated lifetime prevalence rate of NSSI was 4.86%. Younger age, growing up without biological parents in the household, being unmarried, and impoverished backgrounds were associated with NSSI. The majority of respondents with lifetime NSSI (63.82%) had at least one current psychiatric disorder. Most psychiatric conditions were associated with greater odds of lifetime NSSI in multivariate models. NSSI was strongly associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, respectively, even after accounting for psychiatric disorders and sociodemographic covariates. A substantial proportion of respondents with NSSI history (30.92%) have engaged in medically severe self-harm, as indexed by requiring medical attention for this behavior. The majority of respondents with NSSI (56.20%) had not received psychiatric care for this behavior.

Conclusions

NSSI is prevalent in the general population and associated with considerable psychiatric comorbidity. A high rate of unmet treatment needs is evident among those with this behavior. Those at the greatest lifetime risk for NSSI may also be particularly limited in their resources to cope with this behavior.
Food and the Global Political Economy
Authors: Powers Madison
Published: May 2021

As part of the roundtable, “Ethics and the Future of the Global Food System,” this essay examines how the key decisions within the global system of food production are shaped by the organization of the global political economy. The understanding of the global political economy follows standard definitions that focus on the dominant market practices and the institutional structures within which those practices are embedded. I identify examples of market practices and institutional policies that structurally impair the ability of states to secure the human rights of their citizens, and explain specific issues of structural injustice raised by each example. The conclusion provides a survey of a range of alternative solutions for transforming the global political economy and creating the conditions for a more just and ecologically sustainable food system. Ultimately, our conception of human rights and the mechanisms for their protection and enforcement must change in order to address the scale and gravity of problems affecting the future of agriculture and our ability to feed the world.
Arguments for Well-Regulated Capitalism, and Implications for Global Ethics, Food, Environment, Climate Change, and Beyond
Authors: Budolfson Mark
Published: May 2021

Discourse on food ethics often advocates the anti-capitalist idea that we need less capitalism, less growth, and less globalization if we want to make the world a better and more equitable place. This idea is also familiar from much discourse in global ethics, environment, and political theory, more generally. However, many experts argue that this anti-capitalist idea is not supported by reason and argument, and is actually wrong. As part of the roundtable, “Ethics and the Future of the Global Food System,” the main contribution of this essay is to explain the structure of the leading arguments against this anti-capitalist idea, and in favor of well-regulated capitalism. I initially focus on general arguments for and against globalized capitalism. I then turn to implications for the food, environment, climate change, and beyond. Finally, I clarify the important kernel of truth in the critique of neoliberalism familiar from food ethics, political theory, and beyond—as well as the limitations of that critique.
Constraining Jumps in Density and Elastic Properties at the 660 km Discontinuity Using Normal Mode Data via the Backus‐Gilbert Method
Authors: Lau Harriet C. P. , Romanowicz Barbara
Published: May 2021

We apply the Backus‐Gilbert approach to normal mode center frequency data, to constrain jumps in P, S, bulk‐sound speed and density at the “660” discontinuity in the earth’s mantle (∼650–670 km depth). Different 1‐D models are considered to compute sensitivity kernels. When using model PREM (Dziewonski & Anderson, 1981, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 25, 297–356. doi:10.1016/0031‐9201(81)90046‐7) as reference, with a “660” at 670 km depth, the best‐fitting jumps in density, P‐ and S‐wave speeds range from (5.1–8.2)%, (5.3–8.0)%, (5.0–7.0)%, respectively, so the PREM values lie outside the ranges of acceptable density and P wave speed jumps. When shifting the depth of “660” to 660 km, the density and S wave speed jumps increase, while the P‐wave speed jump decreases. Normal mode data do not support a global transition at 650 km depth. The density jumps are closer to those of pyrolite than PREM, while our bulk‐sound wave speed jumps suggest a larger garnet proportion at “660.”
The Occurrence Feature of Plasma Bubbles in the Equatorial to Midlatitude Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Storms Using Long‐Term GNSS‐TEC Data
Authors: Sori T. , Shinbori A. , Otsuka Y. , Tsugawa T. , Nishioka M.
Published: May 2021

We performed a superposed epoch analysis of solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, geomagnetic index, and the rate of total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI) derived from global navigation satellite system‐TEC data during 652 geomagnetic storm events (minimum SYM‐H < −40 nT), to clarify the occurrence features and causes of storm‐time plasma bubbles in the equatorial to mid‐latitude ionosphere. In this analysis, we defined the time of the SYM‐H minimum as the zero epoch. As a result, the ROTI enhancement started at the duskside magnetic equator and expanded to higher latitudes during the main phase. Approximately 1 h after the onset of the recovery phase, the ROTI values at the magnetic equator in the dusk‐to‐midnight sectors decreased while those in the dawn sector increased. This situation persisted for at least 12 h. The ratio of the ROTI during the main phase to that during the quiet period in the dusk sector is the largest in May–July. The ratio of the ROTI during the recovery phase decreased during dusk with increasing solar activity. Considering the requirement of the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability, the difference in the magnetic local time of the ROTI signature, between the main and recovery phases, can be explained by a local time distribution of storm‐time electric fields associated with a prompt penetration electric field and disturbance dynamo. This implies that the occurrence feature of the plasma bubble is different from that during quiet times when the input of solar wind energy to the magnetosphere and ionosphere increases significantly.
Counter‐Gradient Momentum Transport Through Subtropical Shallow Convection in ICON‐LEM Simulations
Authors: Dixit Vishal , Nuijens Louise , Helfer Kevin C.
Published: May 2021

It is well known that subtropical shallow convection transports heat and water vapor upwards from the surface. It is less clear if it also transports horizontal momentum upwards to significantly affect the trade winds in which it is embedded. We utilize unique multiday large‐eddy simulations run over the tropical Atlantic with ICON‐LEM to investigate the character of shallow convective momentum transport (CMT). For a typical trade‐wind profile during boreal winter, CMT acts as an apparent friction to decelerate the north‐easterly flow. This effect maximizes below the cloud base while in the cloud layer, friction is very small, although present over a relatively deep layer. In the cloud layer, the zonal component of the momentum flux is counter‐gradient and penetrates deeper than reported in traditional shallow cumulus LES cases. The transport through conditionally sampled convective updrafts and downdrafts explains a weak friction effect, but not the counter‐gradient flux near the cloud tops. The analysis of the momentum flux budget reveals that, in the cloud layer, the counter‐gradient flux is driven by convectively triggered nonhydrostatic pressure‐gradients and horizontal circulations surrounding the clouds. A model set‐up with large domain size and realistic boundary conditions is necessary to resolve these effects.
The Rocky Roads of Colombian Paleontology
Authors: Garz�n Camilo , Fl�rez Santiago
Published: May 2021

Colombia has a wealth of fossils, and geologists are leading the charge to both collect data and share ancient history with local communities.
Internal Water Facilitates Thermal Resetting of Clumped Isotopes in Biogenic Aragonite
Authors: Nooitgedacht C. W. , van der Lubbe H. J. L. , Ziegler M. , Staudigel P. T.
Published: May 2021

Biogenic and inorganic calcium carbonates contain considerable amounts of internal water, both as free and organically associated water. The oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O) of internal water and hosting carbonate are analyzed for various carbonates before and after heating at 175°C for 90 minutes. During heating, the δ18O values of internal water significantly increased in biogenic aragonites and speleothem calcite, whereas the δ18O carbonate values were lowered. Correspondingly, an aragonitic bivalve’s clumped‐isotope distribution (Δ47) changed during heating, increasing reconstructed paleotemperatures. In contrast, an inorganic aragonite crystal, containing a comparable amount of internal water, showed no oxygen isotope exchange, and its Δ47 values remained unaltered during heating, implying that there is a link between internal oxygen isotope exchange and Δ47 resetting. This alteration process occurred without any detectable transformation from aragonite to calcite. Our results therefore reveal a mechanism that facilitates oxygen isotope exchange between biogenic aragonite and its internal water, while simultaneously resetting the Δ47 values, without affecting mineralogy. Future studies may therefore apply coupled water‐carbonate analyses to scrutinize these kinds of diagenetic alteration processes. It appears that in biogenic aragonites, more carbonate is available for exchange reactions with the internal water reservoir than in inorganic aragonites, a feature that can be attributed to the distribution of organic‐associated water and/or high surface area fluid inclusions. This water‐aragonite exchange occurs at lower temperatures than those required for solid‐state bond reordering at the same timescale, and thus likely has occurred earlier during the burial of biogenic aragonites.
C/EBPβ promotes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance by enhancing homologous recombination repair in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Tan Jiahong , Zheng Xu , Li Mengchen , Ye Fei , Song Chunyan , Xu Cheng , Zhang Xiaoxue , Li Wenqian , Wang Ya , Zeng Shaoqing , Li Huayi , Chen Gang , Huang Xiaoyuan , Ma Ding , Liu Dan , Gao Qinglei
Published: May 2021

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are efficacious in treating high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. However, they exhibit suboptimal efficiency in HR-proficient cancers. Here, we found that the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor, was inversely correlated with PARPi sensitivity in vitro and in vivo, both in HR-proficient condition. High C/EBPβ expression enhanced PARPi tolerance; PARPi treatment in turn induced C/EBPβ expression. C/EBPβ directly targeted and upregulated multiple HR genes (BRCA1, BRIP1, BRIT1, and RAD51), thereby inducing restoration of HR capacity and mediating acquired PARPi resistance. C/EBPβ is a key regulator of the HR pathway and an indicator of PARPi responsiveness. Targeting C/EBPβ could induce HR deficiency and rescue PARPi sensitivity accordingly. Our findings indicate that HR-proficient patients may benefit from PARPi via targeting C/EBPβ, and C/EBPβ expression levels enable predicting and tracking PARPi responsiveness during treatment.
Emerging roles of cancer-testis antigenes, semenogelin 1 and 2, in neoplastic cells
Authors: Shuvalov Oleg , Kizenko Alyona , Petukhov Alexey , Fedorova Olga , Daks Alexandra , Barlev Nikolai
Published: May 2021

Cancer-testicular Antigens (CTAs) belong to a group of proteins that under normal conditions are strictly expressed in a male’s reproductive tissues. However, upon malignisation, they are frequently re-expressed in neoplastic tissues of various origin. A number of studies have shown that different CTAs affect growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells and favor cancer development and metastasis. Two members of the CTA group, Semenogelin 1 and 2 (SEMG1 and SEMG2, or SEMGs) represent the major component of human seminal fluid. They regulate the motility and capacitation of sperm. They are often re-expressed in different malignancies including breast cancer. However, there is almost no information about the functional properties of SEMGs in cancer cells. In this review, we highlight the role of SEMGs in the reproductive system and also summarize the data on their expression and functions in malignant cells of various origins.
Biallelic novel mutations of the COL27A1 gene in a patient with Steel syndrome
Authors: Kim Jong Seop , Jeon Hyoungseok , Lee Hyeran , Ko Jung Min , Kim Yonghwan , Choi Murim , Nishimura Gen , Kim Ok-Hwa , Cho Tae-Joon
Published: May 2021

An 11-year-old Korean boy presented with short stature, hip dysplasia, radial head dislocation, carpal coalition, genu valgum, and fixed patellar dislocation and was clinically diagnosed with Steel syndrome. Scrutinizing the trio whole-exome sequencing data revealed novel compound heterozygous mutations of COL27A1 (c.[4229_4233dup]; [3718_5436del], p.[Gly1412Argfs*157];[Gly1240_Lys1812del]) in the proband, which were inherited from heterozygous parents. The maternal mutation was a large deletion encompassing exons 38–60, which was challenging to detect.