bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Copernicus High Resolution Layer Imperviousness Density to monitor soil sealing in agricultural areas (SDG 2: Zero Hunger)
Authors: Fjellstad Wendy , Krøgli Svein Olav , Rizzi Jonathan , Hościło Agata
Published: March 2024

Many countries have goals and strategies to reduce soil sealing of agricultural land to preserve food production capacity. This is essential in relation to Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger. To monitor progress, reliable data are needed to quantify soil sealing and changes over time. We examined the potential of the Copernicus High Resolution Layer Imperviousness Density (HRL IMD) to assess soil sealing in agricultural areas in Poland and Norway.We quantified the accuracy and reliability of the products Imperviousness Classified Change (IMCC) for the period 2015-2018 and Imperviousness degree (IMD) for the reference year 2018. We found a very high overall accuracy of IMCC 2015-2018 in both Poland and Norway. However, this was mainly due to the dominance of area with no change.  When we focused on the small areas where change does occur, we found low user accuracy, with an overestimation of soil sealing. The producer accuracy was generally much higher, meaning that real cases of soil sealing were captured. This is a much better result than if IMCC had under-estimated soil sealing. It suggests that IMCC can play a valuable role in detecting soil sealing, by highlighting areas where soil sealing may have occurred, allowing the user to carry out a further control of this much smaller area, without having to assess the great expanse of unchanged area.We conclude that the datasets provide useful information for Europe. They are standardised and comparable across countries, which can enable comparison of the effects of policies intended to prevent soil sealing of agricultural land. We advise caution in using older versions of the change data. In particular, it is advisable to merge the closely related classes “1: new cover” and “11: increased cover” and the same for “2: loss of cover” and “12: decreased cover”. These distinctions are not reliable, but the general information about increase or decrease is much better. The transition to finer resolution (10 x 10 m) in the newer datasets represents a great improvement and will make the change data more reliable and useful in future versions.
A pragmatic approach to complex citations, closing the provenance gap between IPCC AR6 figures and CMIP6 simulations
Authors: Pascoe Charlotte , Stockhause Martina , Parton Graham , Fisher Ellie , MacRae Molly , Kreuss Beate , Sitz Lina
Published: March 2024

Many of the figures in the WGI contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment report (AR6) are derived from the data of multiple CMIP6 simulations.  For instance, a plot showing projections of global temperature change in Figure 2 of Chapter 4 of the IPCC AR6 is based on data from 183 CMIP6 simulation datasets. The figure helpfully tells us which CMIP6 experiments were used as input data but does not provide information about the models that ran the simulations. It is possible to deduce the specific input data from supplementary tables in the IPCC assessment report and from within the report’s annexes.  However, these information sources are not machine-accessible so are difficult to use for tracing purposes, and they are not sufficient to give credit as they do not enter indexing services, and they are difficult to find as they are not part of the printed report. Even if we gather this knowledge to create a navigable provenance network for the figure, we are still left with the unwieldy prospect of rendering 183 data citations for an outwardly simple plot.We require a compact way to provide traceable provenance for large input data networks that makes transparent the specific input data used to create the CMIP6-based figures in IPCC AR6 and gives credit to modelling centres for the effort of running the simulations. The so-called complex citation discussed within the RDA Complex Citation Working Group. We present a pragmatic solution to the complex citation challenge that uses an existing public infrastructure technology, Zenodo.  The work establishes traceability by collating references to a figure’s input datasets within a Zenodo record and credit via Zenodo’s relatedWorks feature/DataCite’s relations which link to existing data objects through Persistent Identifiers (PIDs), in this case the CMIP6 data citations.   Whilst a range of PIDs exist to support connection between objects, the use of DOIs is widely used for citations and is well connected within the wider PID graph landscape and Zenodo provides a tool to create objects that utilise the DOI schema provided by DataCite.  CMIP6 data citations have sufficient granularity to assign credit, but the granularity is not fine enough for traceability purposes, therefore Zenodo reference handle groups are used to identify specific input datasets and Zenodo connected objects provide the join between them.There is still work to be done to establish full visibility of credit referenced within the Zenodo records.  However, we hope to engage the community by presenting our pragmatic solution to the complex citation challenge, one that has the potential to provide modelling centres with a route to a more complete picture of the impact of their simulations.
 Assessment of CMIP6 Regional Climate Model Performance for Wind Speed in Ireland. 
Authors: Rajagopal Kavya , Nash Dr. Stephen , Nolan Dr. Paul
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on the validation of wind speed simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) against observed station data in Ireland.The aim is to assess the performance of 10 CMIP6 regional climate model (RCM) ensembles in capturing the spatiotemporal variability of wind speeds, a crucial parameter for various applicationssuch as renewable energy assessments and climate impact studies.Station observation data for wind speed are obtained from 7 Met Éireann weather stations across Ireland, providing a comprehensive and high-quality dataset for model evaluation from 1981 to 2010.The 10 CMIP6 model ensembles are selected based on their representation of historical climate conditions, and a detailed comparison is conducted for various temporal scales.Key metrics, such as bias, root mean square error, and correlation coefficients, percentiles are employed to quantify the agreement between CMIP6 model outputs and observed wind speed data.Additionally, annual, and monthly climatological patterns of wind speed across different regions of Ireland are examined to identify potential biases or deficiencies in model performance.The COSMO-CLM regional models overestimate similar patterns, while the WRF simulates underestimated wind speeds for the stations. Despite these notable differences, all models accurately predicted the windiest months, which are January and February, and the least windy months, which are July and August. The windiest location in Ireland is also well represented by the models, which are Malin Head in County Donegal, where winds peak in January while the lowest wind speed is recorded at Valentia Observatory in July. The findings of this validation study contribute to our understanding of the reliability and accuracy of CMIP6 model simulations in reproducing wind speed characteristics specific to Ireland. The outcomes have implications for climate model improvement and can enhance the credibility of future climate projections for the region. Improved confidence in wind speed simulations is crucial for supporting informed decision-making in areas such as renewable energy planning, infrastructure design, and climate change adaptation strategies.
Water clarity derived from multispectral imagery by semi-analytical algorithm in association with optical water types to classify inland waters into ecological classes: sensitivity study case in France.
Authors: Morin Guillaume , Reynaud Nathalie , Harmel Tristan , Coqué Arthur , Tormos Thierry
Published: March 2024

Water clarity is a widely used indicator to monitor water quality and ecological status of lakes. It has been routinely assessed through in situ measurements of the Secchi disk depth (ZSD). Remote sensing (RS) of this parameter could beneficially complement the sparse in situ data set but still remains dependent on the availability of ground-truth data to be validated.Here, high-spatial resolution satellite missions were compared with in situ ZSD in various water bodies in France . Our objective is to evaluate the contribution of remote sensing for densifying transparency monitoring in the framework of the WFD. First, Sentinel-2 MSI images were processed for atmospheric-correction (AC) and sunglint removal. Then, we applied a pixel-classification by Optical Water Types to infer bio-optical properties of waters, enabling to characterise optically-active compounds in waters to decipher the applicability, and ultimately tune standard ZSD retrieval algorithms. Based on our in situ database, 577 matchups over 76 lakes and reservoirs were successfully established between in situ and satellite data.Overall performances of the retrievals are satisfactory with RMSE: 1.91 m (40%), MAPE: 46 %, bias: -0.5% and r2: 0.52. This study shows that performances are highly variable with respect to the identified optical water types. Best performances are achieved in clear waters (ZSD > 5m) with RMSE: 1.85 m (35%), MAPE: 37% bias : 8%. On the contrary, turbid waters exhibit larger discrepancies. In case of sediment-laden waters, performances fall to RMSE: 2.8 m (57%), MAPE: 71 %, bias = -34% and r2 = 0.40 while it is even worth in case of hyper-eutrophic waters, due to massive phytoplankton bloom with RMSE: 0.9 m (75%), MAPE: 49 %, bias = -57% and r2 = 0.06.Nevertheless, those performances make it possible to critically map ecological classes between “high” and “bad”, and to monitor long term tendencies. Optical classification allows criticising the applicability and accuracy of generic RS retrieval algorithms to a country-scale area. It also brings a qualitative interpretation on the factors of degradation of the water quality related to the decrease of transparency, either by increasing sediment content, dissolved carbon inputs or during phytoplanktonic blooms events. Therefore, it provides a additional and valuable information for many users interested in evaluating the ecological status of inland water bodies from RS data such as academics, authorities and stakeholders.
Exploring Physical and Biogeochemical Variability in the Southeast Bay of Biscay: insights from a glider mission and the analysis of complementary multiplatform data
Authors: Manso-Narvarte Ivan , Rubio Anna , Fontán Almudena , Chifflet Marina , Nieto Asier , Caballero Ainhoa , Mader Julien
Published: March 2024

Keywords: Glider, Biogeochemical status, Multiplatform observations, Coastal Monitoring, Blue Economy Hub
A 11-day glider mission was conducted in November 2023 in the SE Bay of Biscay. The glider was equipped with hydrographic and biogeochemical sensors, measuring temperature, salinity, turbidity, fluorescence, dissolved oxygen, CDOM, and nitrates. Additionally, it estimated integrated currents within the water column. These data were shared in real-time with the global Operational Oceanography community through collaboration with Coriolis DAC (Data Assembly Centre) and OceanOPS (WMO-IOC Support Center for in-situ observation programs of oceanography and marine meteorology). The monitored area encompassed the continental shelf and the upper slope of the Basque Country coast, which is covered by Copernicus Marine Service in-situ data from the EuskOOS observatory (https://euskoos.eus/mapv2/), including a HF radar and one slope buoy.
In this work, we show the physical and biogeochemical variability related to a marked river plume event at an unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution, emphasizing the potential of combining in-situ, remote, and model data for effective coastal monitoring. During the mission, intense currents towards the W-SW favoured the westward extension of the Adour River plume, which resulted in low salinities and nitrate surface anomalies measured by the glider, coherent with the few available satellite data and model simulations from the Copernicus Marine System. This study is the first step for an enhanced observatory in the study area devoted to new services tailored for the coastal ocean user’s community, in the framework of the ongoing Oarsoaldea Blue Economy Hub initiative (https://www.azti.es/en/blue-economy-to-boost-oarsoaldea/).
Towards Sustainable Mining: Geopolymer Formulations for Eco-Friendly Mine Waste Management and Recycling
Authors: Nouairi Jihene , Andrejkovičová Slavka , Karoui Omaima , Pinho Tiago , Rebelo Rafael , Rocha Fernando , Ghribi Mounir
Published: March 2024

The demand for environmentally friendly materials in our habitat is a major challenge. Alkali activation, such as in geopolymers, offers a potential solution for waste valorization, providing an alternative to cement-based materials and contributing to the circular economy.This study explores the use of mine waste from an abandoned Pb-Zn site in Northern Tunisia as an inexpensive and high adsorption capacity additive in the synthesis of geopolymers. The mine waste was used to replace metakaolin in the geopolymer formulations to minimize the environmental impact. Two types of metakaolin (commercial 1200S MK, AGS Mineraux, France and Portuguese Vicente Pereira, VPMK) were used in the formulations. Microstucture, mechanical properties, and Methylene Blue dye adsorption were studied.Results revealed alarming concentration of potentially toxic elements in the mine waste (28.040 mg kg−1 Pb and 94.420 mg kg−1 Zn), presenting an environmental hazard and pointing up the need to stabilize these materials in order to prevent leaching.  Mechanical behaviour at 28 days of curing was promising (up to 32MPa) in the case of the VP based metakaolin formulations. The microstructure, studied by SEM, is consisted of voids, macro and meso pores, giving the geopolymers a high adsorption capacity. The synthetized geopolymers were utilized for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) by investigating the effect of the amount of the adsorbent and the shaking period. The batch kinetics study fitted best into the pseudo second order reaction kinetic model. In isotherm modelling studies, the Langmuir isotherm model was best fitted and was used to describe the mechanism of the adsorption. Samples with 40 wt.% VPMK and 100 wt.% MK showed the best adsorption capacity revealing the effect of the waste in the amelioration of the alkali-activated metakaolin based geopolymers and its potential in the restitution of metakolin.
Understanding increases in tree growth by hydropower development using tree-ring carbon and oxygen stable isotopes
Authors: Sun Lian , Zhao Yesi
Published: March 2024

Rapid and intensive hydropower development in dry valleys in southwest China, the world's most hydropower-rich region, is likely to have a significant impact on the growth and landscape of adjacent plants. Our preliminary study found that there was a significant increase in the growth of terrestrial trees closing to the bottom of the valleys within three years after the impounding of artificial reservoir, and followed by a rapid decline thereafter. However, it’s unclear about the mechanism of this growth increase-decrease. In this study, we collected tree rings from four trees and analyzed the carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O) of their α-cellulose. We found that δ13C and δ18O did not correlate well with tree-ring widths, but intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) had a significantly negative correlation with tree whorl widths. δ13C was in better agreement with each other than that for δ18O, and the latter was better correlated with source water (i.e., precipitation). Analysis on data in the three years after impoundment showed that δ13C and δ18O changes well with tree growth, but WUE did not show this accelerating effect. These may indicate that hydropower development on local climate may not promote plant growth and that there are more complex mechanisms for plant growth changes around reservoirs. This study is important for understanding the effects of human activities on plant growth and the mechanisms of ecological restoration.
Investigation of air-sea interaction with a One-Way Coupling: MIKE 3 wave and WRF-LES
Authors: Hamzeloo Sima , Guo Larsén Xiaoli , Peña Alfredo , Soerensen Jacob Tornfeldt
Published: March 2024

The study aims to couple the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) [1] model of the large eddy simulation (LES) module with the MIKE 21 wave [2] model to study the effect of surface waves on the atmospheric flow over the North Sea. We provide a realistic surface wave field with MIKE 21 by forcing Era5 wind speed. We examine the effect of such wave fields on the atmosphere for a variety of met-ocean conditions, from normal to extreme conditions. The methodology involves applying simulated significant wave heights as the surface boundary for the WRF model, employing the LES module to capture the three-dimensional as well as smaller scales of turbulence that are unresolved by WRF-LES. The simulations will be validated using atmospheric and wave measurements in the North Sea, e.g., from the FINO 1 and 3 metocean research platforms. The preliminary results include the model outputs, including the spatial distribution of wind fields under different wave conditions.
[1] Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Liu, Z., Berner, J., … Huang, X. -yu. (2019). A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Model Version 4.1 (No. NCAR/TN-556+STR).
[2] https://www.mikepoweredbydhi.com/
Linking pre-flare active region parameters to Flare, CME and SEP properties
Authors: Dayeh Maher , Bučik Radoslav
Published: March 2024

Solar flares, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), and associated Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) play crucial roles in influencing space weather in the vicinity of Earth and beyond. Forecasting these events requires prior knowledge and understanding of the physical mechanisms driving these phenomena. Although some CMEs and flares are strongly associated with intense SEPs, there are instances where little or no SEP connection is evident. This lack of consistent correlation between observed SEPs at 1 AU and their origins near the Sun is primarily due to the complex interplanetary environment that governs SEP generation, acceleration, and transport. Currently, there is no reliable and consistent method for long-term forecasting (spanning hours to days) of SEP properties, and efforts to develop such forecasting techniques are ongoing. The Space Weather Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Active Region Patches (SHARP) provide information about the magnetic properties (e.g., helicity, strength, and gradient) of solar active regions and pre-flaring activity.  In this work, we examined the connection between the characteristics of 21 large gradual SEP events affecting the Earth environmentand and their associated SHARP parameters. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between SEP peak intensities at ~10 MeV and ~50 MeV, CME speed, X-ray flare, and the SHARP parameters. Our findings reveal consistent and stable correlations, both positive and negative, between average SHARP parameters and each of the analyzed properties within the 24 hours leading up to the flare onset. These results offer evidence that SHARP parameters could significantly enhance the prediction of space weather events.
Combinatorial optimization of dynamics and physics in RegCM5 using a micro-genetic algorithm for precipitation and temperature simulations in Southeastern China
Authors: Im Eun-Soon , Zhou Zixuan , Yoon Ji Won , Park Seon Ki
Published: March 2024

The fifth version of the regional climate model (RegCM5) has recently been released, incorporating updates in several model components such as the dynamic core and physical parameterizations. Traditionally, sensitivity tests based on random selection have been employed to identify the optimal sets from various combinations of model dynamics and physics. However, this approach is largely limited by computing power, often failing to explore the complete range of possible combinations necessary for an accurate representation of the regional climate. To overcome these limitations, advanced optimization techniques have emerged to efficiently explore the complete range of possible combinations, without relying solely on random-based sensitivity tests.  In this study, we employ a micro-genetic algorithm (micro-GA) for combinatorial optimization of the dynamic cores, cumulus parameterizations, and microphysics parameterizations in RegCM5. The model domains consist of one 20km mother domain covering the majority of East Asia, and two 2.5km nested domains covering the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD), two densely populated regions in China. The focus is on conducting comparative assessments of simulated precipitation and temperature patterns in Southeastern China based on a series of experiments using the coupled RegCM5-micro-GA interface. The findings from this study will provide valuable insights to facilitate the wider use of RegCM5 by customizing its performance over the target regions.  [Acknowledgements] This research was supported by project GRF16308722, which was funded by the Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong.
Transport of U and Th from a river affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) to the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Ruiz Cánovas Carlos
Published: March 2024

Carlos Ruiz Cánovas1, Manuel Olías1, Francisco Macías1, María Dolores Basallote2, Eduardo Navarrete3 and Juan Mantero41Department of Earth Sciences & Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment. University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, E-21071, Huelva, Spain manuel.olias@dgyp.uhu.es; carlos.ruiz@dgeo.uhu.es, manuel.olias@dgyp.uhu.es, carlos.ruiz@dgeo.uhu.es, francisco.macias@dgeo.uhu.es2Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, CSIC, E-11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain mdolores.basallote@csic.es3Andalusian Environmental and Water Agency, C/ Johan G. Gutenberg, 1 - Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain  eduardo.navarrete@juntadeandalucia.es4Department of Applied Physics II, ETSA, University of Seville, Av Reina Mercedes 2, 41012 Seville, Spain, manter@us.es This work studies the behavior of Uranium (U) and Thorium (Th) in the Tinto River during the hydrological year 2017/2018. The dissolution of surrounding rocks due to extreme acidity conditions, generated during the oxidation of sulfides, induces the release of high concentrations of U and Th into the water. Maximum dissolved concentrations of 57 μg/L of U and 61 μg/L of Th were determined in this study, coinciding with the first precipitation events of the hydrological year due to the washout of evaporitic salts covering the riverbed and mining areas during the dry period, as well as the transport of sulfide oxidation products. Subsequently, a progressive decrease in concentrations was observed, reaching values close to 5 μg/L by February 2018, which are much higher than those found in freshwaters.With the arrival of intense rains in March and April 2018, a significant decrease in concentrations (
Can Attention Models Surpass LSTM in Hydrology?
Authors: Liu Jiangtao , Shen Chaopeng , Bindas Tadd
Published: March 2024

Accurate modeling of various hydrological variables is important for water resource management, flood forecasting, and pest control. Deep learning models, especially Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) structures, have shown significant success in simulating streamflow, soil moisture, and model parameter assessment. With the development of large language models (LLMs) based on attention mechanisms, such as ChatGPT and Bard, we have observed significant advancements in fields like natural language processing (NLP), computer vision (CV), and time series prediction. Despite achieving advancements across various domains, the application of attention-based models in hydrology remains relatively limited, with LSTM models maintaining a dominant position in this field. This study evaluates the performance of 18 state-of-the-art attention-based models and their variants in hydrology. We focus on their performance in streamflow, soil moisture, snowmelt, and dissolved oxygen (DO) datasets, comparing them to LSTM models in both long-term and short-term regression and forecasting. We also examine these models' performance in spatial cross-validation. Our findings indicate that while LSTM models maintain strong competitiveness in various hydrological datasets, Attention models offer potential advantages in specific metrics and time lengths, providing valuable insights into applying attention-based models in hydrology. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of foundation models and how these methods can contribute to the sustainable use of water resources and the challenges of climate change.
Current status of the Urban Geo-climate Footprint project
Authors: Lentini Azzurra , Galve Jorge Pedro , Benjumea Moreno Beatriz , Bricker Stephanie , Devleeschouwer Xavier , Guarino Paolo Maria , Kearsey Timothy , Leoni Gabriele , Saverio Romeo , Venvik Guri , La Vigna Francesco
Published: March 2024

The Urban Geo-climate Footprint (UGF) project has been developed in the context of the Urban Geology Expert Group of Euro Geo Surveys, aimed to define a new methodology to classify and cluster cities by geological and climatic point of view.The basic assumption of the UGF approach is that cities with similar geological-geographical settings should have similar challenges to manage, due to both common geological issues and climate change subsoil-related effects. Following this approach, a holistic tool consisting in a complex spreadsheet has been developed and applied to more than 40 European cities, in collaboration with several Geological Surveys of Europe.It is demonstrated as the Urban Geo-climate Footprint tool is currently capable of providing a semi-quantitative quick representation of the pressures driven by geological and climatic complexity in the analysed cities, providing for the first time such classification for the urban environment.Through the wide application of this methodology several benefits could be reached as the general awareness increase of non-experts and the enhanced reading-the-landscape capacity of decision makers about the link between geological setting and the increase in pressures due to climate change and anthropogenic activity.Furthermore, the UGF approach would facilitate the possibility to exchange best practices among similar cities for planning purposes, and it would support the decision processes to define and differentiate policies and actions, also supporting policy and cooperative geoscience and climate justice. 
Absolute Quantum Gravimeter as a promising field sensor for volcano monitoring
Authors: Diament Michel , Lion Guillaume , Pajot-Métivier Gwendoline , Merlet Sébastien , Déroussi Sébastien
Published: March 2024

Soufrière, an active volcano in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) monitored by the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Guadeloupe (OVSG), requires a comprehensive understanding of mass transfers, including water movements. To address this, a gravity repetition network was established in the 1980s following the volcano's last major eruption in 1976. In 2011, initial absolute measurements were conducted using a Micro-g Lacoste portable absolute gravity meter A10 #14. As part of the EQUIPEX RESIF program, aimed at meeting the scientific community's seismic and gravimetric instrument needs in France, the first absolute quantum field gravimeter (AQG-B01) was acquired. This advanced instrument, designed for diverse applications, including volcano gravity monitoring, utilizes atom interferometry with lasers to measure gravity by manipulating 'atomic waves' with a cloud of free-falling cold atoms at a cycling rate of 2 Hz. In March 2023, a fieldwork was undertaken with the AQG-B01 as an initial step toward modern gravity monitoring of Soufrière. The specific goals included reoccupying stations within the microgravity network and identifying new sites for expanding the network, selecting an appropriate location for a permanent station near the summit based on a Lacoste&Romberg D meter, testing the AQG-B01 under challenging tropical conditions (humidity up to 85%, mean temperature of 24°C), assessing the use of an external power supply for the AQG, and evaluating the ease of installation and accuracy of measurements with the AQG, as specified by the manufacturer.This work primarily focuses on the latter three objectives.
Effect of climate change on functioning of natural and agricultural ecosystems: an ecotron study
Authors: Rineau Francois , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda ,   Ecotron consortium team
Published: March 2024

Ecotrons represent enclosed systems in which macrocosms are subjected to controlled environmental conditions, and their responses are closely monitored at a high frequency. This makes them particularly well-suited for investigating the impact of climate change on ecosystem functioning. In this presentation, we demonstrate the utilization of the UHasselt ecotron to examine the effects of climate change on two distinct ecosystems: a natural heathland and an agricultural pear orchard.We delve into the results obtained thus far, covering aspects such as carbon balance, water balance, greenhouse gas emissions, soil water nutrients, plant biomass, phenology, soil microbial communities, and soil fauna. Additionally, we explore the strengths and limitations associated with ecotron-based approaches. The presentation concludes by identifying future challenges in this field.
Quantification of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds using Collision-Induced-Dissociation during the AEROMMA Campaign
Authors: Roska Milan , Stockwell Chelsea , Xu Lu , Coggon Matthew M. , Bates Kelvin , Warneke Carsten , Gkatzelis Georgios I.
Published: March 2024

A current bottleneck in accurately predicting the impacts of urban emissions on secondary pollution, including ozone and secondary organic aerosol, is the quantification of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs). In this work, a voltage scanning (VS) method for quantifying OVOCs, utilizing collision-induced dissociation, is developed using the VOCUS chemical ionization mass spectrometer operated with ammonium as reagent ions. The method is optimized in laboratory studies and tested in the most challenging environment aboard a scientific aircraft during the AEROMMA 2023 campaign to quantify OVOCs in plumes over the Chicago metropolitan area. Voltage scans are optimized to produce for the first-time outcomes down to within a 5-second time resolution. Several OVOCs are quantified that originate from unconventional emerging pollution sources in urban air including cooking and daily household chemicals, in particular solvents and fragrances. Furthermore, the VS method is used to successfully quantify oxidation products within these emissions, notably organic nitrates, traditionally difficult to calibrate. Importantly, we determine the sensitivity of a prevalent organic nitrate in urban air, laying the foundation for refining chemical transport models. This study therefore demonstrates the voltage scanning method’s versatility and effectiveness in quantifying complex compounds during field measurements, particularly in urban environments.Figure 1: In the left time series of C6H6O2 ionized by NH4+, the data points used for the VS (Voltage Scanning) fitting are indicated. The ∆E50kin results for the respective VS data section are displayed on the second y-axis. ∆E50kin is the kinetic energy of the cluster at half signal strength derived from a VS measurement, where an increase in electric field strength in a scanning region results in a reduction of signal due to collision induced dissociation. The size and opacity of the ∆E50kin markers are adjusted based on the r2 of the fit, with the number of the VS labeled in circles for easier identification. The Violin plot on the right illustrates the sensitivities corresponding to these ∆E50kin values together with the measured sensitivity to Ethylene Glycol in the lab (orange). In the violin plot, the median and values for the upper and lower quartiles are presented.
The JUICE mission - an overview, since launch and beyond 
Authors: Altobelli Nicolas , Witasse Olivier , Vallat Claire , Tanco Ignacio , Dietz Angela , Erd Christian ,   JUICE TEAMS
Published: March 2024

The JUICE mission has been launched by an Ariane 5 launcher on April 14, 2023 and is now on its way to reach Jupiter and its icy moons in 2031. The focus of JUICE is to characterise the conditions that may have led to the emergence of habitable environments among the Jovian icy satellites, with special emphasis on the internally active ocean-bearing worlds, Ganymede and Europa. Following a Jupiter Touring phase of 4 years, JUICE will become the first orbiter of a moon that is not our own, entering Ganymede orbit in 2034.The spacecraft passed its commissioning review successfully on July 19, 2023, following the Near Earth Commissioning Phase (NECP), and, despite a few hickups, the ESA and multi-national instruments teams are now operating our interplanetary ship successfully. The preparation of the first combined flyby of the Earth and the Moon  in the history of space exploration (August 2024) is on-going. The first planning training exercise was completed by the Science Ground Segment, complementing the preparation of the strategic science planning of the Jupiter Tour.
SWOT ocean data products and CNES AVISO services: an overview
Authors: Germineaud Cyril , Dibarboure Gerald , Pujol Marie-Isabelle , Chevrier Robin , Tonneau Anne-Sophie
Published: March 2024

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission was launched in December 2022, followed by a three-month commissioning phase and a three-month Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) phase before the SWOT spacecraft transitioned from a 1-day to a 21-day repeat orbit for science operations in July 2023. Measurements over the ocean surface from the low-rate (LR) data of the SWOT KaRIn (short for Ka-band Radar Interferometer) instrument provided striking 2D images of various ocean features at different spatial and temporal scales. These features include (but are not limited to) the evolution of (sub)mesoscale eddies in energetic currents, the propagation of ocean surface waves and internal tides, and the recent development of El Niño in the tropical Pacific Ocean.As part of the public release of pre-validated SWOT KaRIn data for evaluation and validation, we will showcase the multiple ocean products distributed by the CNES AVISO center along with some applications for open ocean and coastal ocean studies. This contribution will also present the SWOT ocean data access and services for optimal data use from AVISO, as well as some SWOT dedicated tools provided by a common PODAAC/CNES GitHub platform.
Using a causal discovery approach to analyse linkages among ENSO, circulation fields, and summer monsoon precipitation over the Himalayas
Authors: Muszynski Grzegorz , Orr Andrew , Roy Indrani
Published: March 2024

The Himalayas is the main water source for two major river systems in South Asia, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra. Rivers from this region are predominately fed by precipitation associated with the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) which is variable and influenced by large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and anomalies, where El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays a dominant role. Here, we use a causal discovery method to assess the relationships and causal links associated with the influence of ENSO on ISM precipitation over the Himalayas, and how this is regulated by the Walker and Hadley circulation cells. In particular, we aim to clarify the direction and strength of causal linkages involving four time series/ indices representing ENSO, the Walker circulation, the monsoon Hadley circulation, and  summer monsoon Himalayan precipitation.   Apart from ENSO data, which is available for a longer period, the rest other data are from ERA5 that cover longer records, starting from 1940 to 2022. We demonstrate that the influence of ENSO on Himalayan precipitation mediated by the circulation dynamics can be quantified on monthly timescales (i.e., at few months lag). Starting from the two-way interaction between two parameters, we increased the complexity of the causal effect network analysis in steps and finally ended with all four indices. Our results show that it is possible to identify causal links with corresponding time delays and the links are moderately robust in most cases. Our findings also indicate that the influence of ENSO on the regional summer monsoon Hadley cell can arise via the pathways of regional Walker cell in the Himalayan sector. Improving our understanding of Himalayan precipitation and relevant regulatory mechanisms play an important role in India’s socioeconomic structure though it is still a neglected area compared to the vast amount of research those focused on all India rainfall. Our analyses using the sophisticated approach of causal network analyses will advance our knowledge on ISM and complement the gap.
Using Rainfall Simulators to Assess New Soil Protection Technologies
Authors: Krasa Josef , Dostal Tomas , Neumann Martin , Mistr Martin
Published: March 2024

Our aim is to compile a methodology for verifying the soil protection effect of various crop cultivation technologies directly in operating conditions and to design and verify such methods of anti erosion protection together with farmers. The methods should be effective, environmentally friendly, and should not endanger the competitiveness of Czech agriculture. The CTU in Prague, together with the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, has been using a rainfall simulator of 8m plot length (16 m2) for soil loss ratio and C-factor estimation since 2015, putting together a database of several hundreds of representative measurements (Stasek et al., 2023).To be able to test different technologies directly at fields in different field conditions, the simulator construction was modified to portable construction of 1m2 plot size. During 2023 both simulators were compared in the field, especially in cultivated fallow conditions, but also for initial crop stages. Technically to be able to operate in field and use limited amount of water while reaching high enough kinetic energy and rainfall uniformity, the construction uses overflow box capturing and recycling water that would be sprayed outside of the measured plot (Kavka et al., 2018). One of the advantages of the 8m plot length was that several nozzles with overlapping spraying cones still reach higher kinetic energies than a single-nozzle construction. What we investigated is that rill evolution is visible in 8 m long plot in fallow conditions, while for 1 m plot length, mostly only interril erosion is prevailing.  For 1 mm.minute-1 rainfall intensity both constructions reach similar runoff rates after ca 10 minutes of the simulation when starting with fully saturated conditions (0.9 litre per minute for large simulator, 0.85 litre per minute for small simulator using the same nozzle type). On the other hand, the sediment transport values at smaller plot size reach only 63% on average (0.0110 versus 0.0175 kg.minute-1). As expected, the variability of sediment transport is higher in between replications on the smaller plot size, due to the greater influence of small surface irregularities, or due to the greater influence of preferential pathways in both surface runoff and infiltration. The contribution presents ways of standardising smaller rainfall simulator data using previous datasets obtained by larger-scale simulations.Data were obtained from the NAZV QK22010261, Mobility 8J23DE006, H2020Tudi No 101000224, and by the CTU Grant Agency in Prague No. SGS23/155/OHK1/3T/11. 
New global machine-learning estimates of coccolithophore standing stocks and calcification rate accounting for biodiversity 
Authors: Monteiro Fanny , de Vries Joost , Wiseman Nicola , Poulton Alex , Sheward Rosie , Wolf Levi
Published: March 2024

Coccolithophores are a main marine calcifier critical to ocean carbon pumps (via organic matter ballast and the carbonate pump), ultimately controlling atmospheric CO2 and climate. However, their contribution to the global carbon cycle is still very uncertain, limiting our understanding of their impact and response to climate change. One major issue is that most coccolithophore studies rely solely on one outlier species (Emiliania huxleyi), which is relatively small and lightly calcified. Here, we apply novel machine-learning techniques to determine the global distribution of the top 52 species and the total calcite production of coccolithophores. These techniques build predictive models of coccolithophore carbon stocks and calcite production based on newly compiled datasets of coccolithophore abundance and calcification rates, which we combined with environmental data. Our species predictive model shows that a handful of species, including Emiliania huxleyi, are responsible for the global calcite standing stock, with subtropical species being a significant contributor. Our rate predictive model also supports this finding, showing large calcification rates in the subpolar and subtropical regions. This result revisits the traditional view that coccolithophore calcification primarily occurs in sub-arctic bloom-like events and that other species besides Emiliania huxleyi should be considered to resolve coccolithophore’s subtropical contribution. 
Habitability constraints by nutrient availability in atmospheres of rocky exoplanets
Authors: Herbort Oliver , Woitke Peter , Helling Christiane , Zerkle Aubrey L.
Published: March 2024

The diversity of exoplanets provides a vast range of potential environments in which liquid water can exist: atmospheres, surfaces, sub-surfaces. Therefore, many environments provide the most fundamental requirement for life as we know it from Earth and could in principle be habitable. However, the presence of water is not the only necessity for life to form, especially the presence of nutrients (C, H, N, O, P, and S) is crucial for the formation of life as we know it.In order to further understand and constrain potentially habitable environments of diverse planets, we introduce the concept of nutrient availability to constrain the habitability of a planet. This framework is based on the concentrations of nutrient bearing molecules in the condensate and gas phase in the presence of liquid water.Applying this concept to a diverse set of atmospheres  allows to provide constraints on the potential of surface and aerial biospheres. The atmospheric model used is a bottom-to-top equilibrium chemistry model, wich includes cloud formation. In order to cover the range of different atmospheric compositions, we investigate various different sets of element abundances and surface conditions.We find that reduced forms of C, N, and S are commonly found at the water cloud base for a range of different compositions of the planetary surface and atmosphere - even in overall oxidised atmospheres. In our model atmospheres, the only non-CHNOS elements in the atmosphere in the surrounding of liquid water clouds are F and Cl, which are present in the form of HF and HCl. Although the CHNOS elements are present, the absence of P and metals in the atmospheres could be a limiting factor on the formation and evolution of life in aerial biospheres.
UNDER: Geosystem services underneath for sustainable communities and improved spatial planning practices
Authors: Mossmark Fredrik , Norrman Jenny , Lindgren Paula , Lundin Frisk Emrik , Melgaço Lorena , Melo Zurita Marilu , Svahn Victoria , Söderqvist Tore , Taromi Sandström Olof , Volchko Yevheniya
Published: March 2024

Geosystem services (GS) can be defined as the contributions humans derive from the subsurface: the use of the subsurface to build and construct within and on top, groundwater, energy and material extraction, storing of e.g. water, energy and carbon dioxide, providing habitats for diverse species and support for surface life, and serving as an archive of cultural and geological heritage. Sectorial management and lack of consequent consideration of subsurface geosystem services and competing or complementary subsurface uses promote the first-come-first-served principle, potentially hindering a sustainable management of the subsurface and compromising inter- and intra-generational equity. The research project “UNDER: Geosystem services underneath for sustainable communities and improved spatial planning practices” has the overall goal to develop a framework for systematic and structured consideration of geosystem services in Swedish planning practices that can support a path towards sustainable cities and communities. The specific objectives of the UNDER project are to: i) advance the concept of GS by identifying and mapping associated societal values (social, environmental and economic), ii) identify methods to assess societal values and investigate possibilities for integration in existing tools, iii) identify structures of governance and develop a broader and practice-informed understanding of the different societal actors in subsurface planning, and iv) create a participative learning environment, extended beyond the project implementation period leading to transformative processes in planning practice. The project is case study driven and works in collaboration with Swedish municipalities. Four ongoing spatial planning processes in Swedish municipalities have been selected as case studies, which will provide a variety of spatial planning contexts and objectives. The project is a multi-disciplinary, international project with funding from the Swedish research council Formas, running during 2021 - 2025. The presentation of the project will focus on the project activities, preliminary results, and future work.
The response of Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems to drought in central Chile
Authors: Duran-Llacer Iongel , Zambrano Francisco , Gómez-Escalonilla Canales Víctor , Martínez Santos Pedro , Aliagada Alvarado Marcelo , Rodríguez-López Lien , Martínez-Retureta Rebeca , Arumí José Luis
Published: March 2024

Drought is considered the main climate limitation that affects the hydrological cycle, agriculture, people, and ecosystems. Since 2010, central Chile has been experiencing an uninterrupted sequence of dry years that has been classified as a megadrought, which has conditioned major social problems. This problem can't only affect agriculture, people, and access to drinking water in Chilean basins, but it can also affect the ecological integrity of ecosystems, particularly those known as groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDE). The main objective of this research is to examine the relationship between groundwater-dependent ecosystems and drought using satellite data in the Aconcagua basin in central Chile.Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) were calculated to analyses relationship between groundwater-dependent ecosystem and drought. In addition, these parameters were analysed throughout the basin. To obtain and process these indicators between the years 2002 and 2022, the Google Earth Engine platform and the R environment were used. Subsequently, statistical analysis of the time series was performed, including Pearson correlation, Mann Kendall test, and Sen slope estimator. The results show that the SPI-SPEI at 12-24 months had a moderate correlation with the NDVI in much of the basin (>4) and high in the GDEs (>0.5). The slope of the Sen was more pronounced in the GDE zones, and the trend was decreasing with respect to the NDVI. LST and SPEI increased in the GDEs. In conclusion, the GDE zones were affected by drought processes, which demonstrates the need for sustainable management of these important ecosystems.