bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metamaterial‐based highly isolated MIMO antenna system for 5G smartphone application
Authors: Din Iftikhar Ud , Ullah Sadiq , Mufti Naveed , Ullah Rizwan , Kamal Babar , Ullah Raza
Published: November 2022

A two‐port multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system operating in the mm‐wave band for 5G applications is presented. The two elements of MIMO structure are separated from each other by 19 mm (1.9
) and excited by microstrip feed. The MIMO elements are circular patches with round cuts at the edges to improve impedance bandwidth. Quadrilateral slot in the ground plane is designed to improve the radiation characteristics of the radiating element having size 18
 0.8 mm3. The MIMO design is simulated through CST. The proposed antenna works in 27–29 GHz range, providing a potential bandwidth of 2 GHz. Furthermore a gain is improved from 8.2 to 8.75 dB and efficiency increase from 85% to 88% and high isolation of 64 dB is achieved by placing 4‐elements of metamaterial with size 4.5
18 mm2 in the middle of two circular monopole antennas. The metamaterial gives us a band stop response and act as decoupler and enhance the isolation to reduce mutual coupling. By analyzing the radiation characteristics of the proposed design, in term of reflection coefficient, surface currents, reduced mutual coupling, suitable gain, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG) and radiation pattern, the recommended antenna can be considered a good candidate for 5G applications.
Novel modalities of delivering herbal medicines for wound healing: A review
Authors: Soni Sakshi , Namdeo Shraddha , Agrawal Poornima , Haider Tanweer , Soni Vandana
Published: November 2022

Background

Throughout the classical era, medicinal plants have already been employed as a resource for medicine and in the healing of wounds. Chronic wounds are linked to significant healthcare and socioeconomic consequences despite standard medication. The development of effective wound‐healing therapies with improved wound repair mechanisms may result from the emergence of innovative wound‐healing techniques utilizing medicinal plants in combination with nanotechnology. This review combines herbal formulations like biodegradable nanoparticles, films, fibres, hydrogels, and ointments with antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory characteristics with herbal medicines to promote wound healing.

Objective

This article aims to provide an overview of the numerous cellular and molecular elements involved in skin healing.

Findings

This article overviews the numerous cellular and molecular elements involved in skin healing. Following the commencement of a tissue lesion, a series of molecular and cellular actions take place to restore the injured tissue. This process is known as regeneration and tissue repair. Sequential events involving the integration of dynamic processes involving soluble mediators, blood cells, and parenchymal cells result in the exudative, proliferative, and extracellular matrix remodelling stages.

Conclusion

The development of tissue edema is aided by exudative processes after damage. By recruiting myofibroblasts and fibroplasia, the proliferative stage aims to decrease the area of tissue damage. The mechanisms of angiogenesis and re‐epithelialization are still observed at this point.
Recursive use of home ranges and seasonal shifts in foraging behavior by a generalist carnivore
Authors: Youngmann Jordan L. , Hinton Joseph W. , Bakner Nicholas W. , Chamberlain Michael J. , D'Angelo Gino J.
Published: November 2022

Coyotes (Canis latrans) colonized the southeastern United States over the last century as large predators, including the red wolf (Canis rufus) and eastern cougar (Puma concolor), were extirpated from the region. As a generalist carnivore, the coyote preys on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and various smaller mammals, birds, and vegetation. While resource selection by coyotes has been well documented at the home‐range scale, little is known about their foraging behavior, which is an important factor in thoroughly understanding influences of coyotes on prey and sympatric carnivores. We assessed third‐order resource selection of coyotes at sites across Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina during 2015–2016. Using GPS collars, we tracked 41 resident coyotes across four calendar seasons and identified suspected foraging areas using recursive analysis where individuals repeatedly returned to known locations. We found that resident coyotes selected for open landcover types throughout the year, while avoiding primary and secondary roads. Additionally, resident coyotes avoided forested landcover types while selecting for forest edges except from April to June when they foraged within interior forest away from edges. Previous studies have documented substantive predation rates on white‐tailed deer neonates by coyotes, and that fawn mortality may increase in forested landscapes away from forest edge. Our findings indicate that foraging coyotes may select forest cover types during spring where fawns are more vulnerable to predation. Additionally, there has been debate in the literature as to how coyotes obtain consistent levels of deer in their diets outside of fawning and fall hunting seasons. Our study indicates that use of road‐kill carcasses by coyotes was an unlikely explanation for the presence of deer in coyote diets throughout the year, as coyotes in our study were not observed using roads during foraging excursions.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome and lymphohistiocytic myocarditis after Covid‐19 vaccine in a middle‐aged woman
Authors: Kobayashi Kosuke , Hamatani Yasuhiro , Moriyoshi Koki , Iguchi Moritake , Masunaga Nobutoyo , Terashima Mariko , Abe Mitsuru , Sasahashi Nozomu , Akao Masaharu
Published: November 2022

We describe a 51‐year‐old otherwise healthy woman hospitalized for hypotension, fever, and weakness 4 days after the second‐dose Covid‐19 mRNA vaccine. Elevated inflammatory markers, natriuretic peptide levels and troponin levels, and slightly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% were noted. We also found the multiple organ damage, including mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal, and neurologic systems. In addition, we revealed the positive results for anti‐nucleocapsid SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG, albeit negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction testing, suggesting the prior asymptomatic Covid‐19 infection. We finally diagnosed her as multisystem inflammatory syndrome after vaccination. Of note, we obtained myocardial specimen from the patients and demonstrated the lymphohistiocytic myocarditis, which is a rare form of myocarditis.
Numerical simulation of fractured horizontal well considering threshold pressure gradient, non‐Darcy flow, and stress sensitivity
Authors: Xiao Honglin , Geng Shaoyang , Luo Hao , Song Linke , Wang Huiqiang , He Xing
Published: November 2022

Conventional numerical simulators cannot accurately predict the production of fractured horizontal wells in tight sandstone gas reservoirs due to the threshold pressure gradient (TPG) and stress sensitivity. Additionally, non‐Darcy flow in hydraulic fractures further complicates the prediction. Therefore, a numerical simulation model was developed to accurately predict the production of fractured horizontal wells that considers the TPG, non‐Darcy flow, and stress sensitivity using the embedded discrete fracture model. The model was solved using the automatic differentiation framework of MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox. The numerical simulation demonstrated that the Darcy flow model provided an optimistic prediction of the productivity of fractured gas wells in tight reservoirs. The TPG, non‐Darcy flow, and stress‐sensitive phenomena reduced the productivity of gas wells to varying degrees and severely affected the production of gas wells. The TPG effect, non‐Darcy effect, and stress sensitivity phenomenon reduced the gas well production by 1.66%, 12.9%, and 42.42%, respectively, compared with that of the Darcy flow. In contrast to the conventional Darcy flow model, the model established in this study can accurately predict the production of gas wells in production history matching.
Longitudinal modeling of fasting blood sugar with diabetes: A case study of Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia
Authors: Abdulahi Abdulmenan M. , Aguade Aragaw E. , Yohannis Hunachew K.
Published: November 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in fasting blood sugar (FBS) over time and its determinants in diabetic patients.

Methods

A longitudinal data analysis retrospective‐based study was considered with a sample of 312 patients, and the linear mixed effect model was applied.

Results

Based on the linear mixed model, the 3‐month change in time decreases the average FBS level by 0.0111. An increase of one unit of body mass index (BMI) increases the FBS level by 0.0434. Similarly, an increase in blood pressure (DBP) per unit increased the average log FBS level by 0.0005. Secondary and higher education levels lower log FBS levels by 99.41% and 99.45%, respectively, compared with noneducated individuals.

Conclusion

The study showed that hypertension history, type of diet, age, status of education, type of drug, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and time were statistically significant factors.

Implications

According to the study, eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy body weight, and a low blood sugar level are essential to controlling blood sugar and preventing long‐term complications. The government should build an educational institution proportional to the population and open programs to increase awareness about the prevention mechanism of diabetes in communities.
Development of three‐dimensionally printed vascular stents of bioresorbable poly(l‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone)
Authors: Zhao Justin , Song Ge , Zhao Qinghua , Feng Hanqing , Wang Yunbing , Anderson James M. , Zhao Hugh , Liu Qing
Published: November 2022

With the ripening of 3D printing technology and the discovery of a variety of printable materials, 3D‐printed vascular stents provide new treatment options for patients with angiocardiopathy. Bioresorbable stent not only combines the advantages of metallic stent and drug‐coated balloon, but also avoids the disadvantages of them. 3D printing is also an economical and efficient way to produce stents and makes it possible to construct complex structures. In this study, stents made from poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(l‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) (PLCL) were manufactured by 3D printing and evaluated for radial strength, crystallinity and molecular weight. PLCL copolymerized by different proportions of lactic acid and caprolactone showed different mechanical and degradation properties. This demonstrated the potential of 3D printing as a low‐cost and high throughput method for stent manufacturing. The PLLA and PLCL 95/5 stents had similar mechanical properties, whereas PLCL 85/15 and PCL stents both had relatively low radial strength. In general, PLCL 95/5 had a faster degradation rate than PLLA. These two materials were made into peripheral vascular bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) and further studied by additional bench testing. PLCL 95/5 peripheral BRS had superior mechanical properties in terms of flexural/bending fatigue and compression resistance.
Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity study of cerium oxide nanoparticles with two different sizes
Authors: Yefimova Svetlana , Klochkov Vladimir , Kavok Nataliya , Tkachenko Anton , Onishchenko Anatolii , Chumachenko Tatyana , Dizge Nadir , Özdemir Sadin , Gonca Serpil , Ocakoglu Kasim
Published: November 2022

The control over bacterial diseases requires the development of novel antibacterial agents. The use of antibacterial nanomedicines is one of the strategies to tackle antibiotic resistance. The study was designed to assess the antimicrobial activity of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NP) of two different sizes (CeO2 NP1 [1–2 nm] and CeO2 NP2 [10–12 nm]) and their cytotoxicity towards eukaryotic cells. The antimicrobial activity, effects of nanoparticles on DNA cleavage, microbial cell viability, and biofilm formation inhibition were analyzed. The impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles on eryptosis of erythrocytes was estimated using annexin V staining by flow cytometry. The newly synthesized CeO2 NP1 and CeO2 NP2 displayed moderate antimicrobial activities. CeO2 NP1 and CeO2 NP2 exhibited single‐strand DNA cleavage ability. CeO2 NPs were found to show 100% microbial cell viability inhibition at a concentration of 500 mg/L. In addition, CeO2 NP1 and CeO2 NP2 inhibited the biofilm formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Larger cerium oxide nanoparticles were found to be less toxic against erythrocytes compared with the smaller ones. CeO2 nanoparticles demonstrate moderate antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity towards erythrocytes, which make them promising antibacterial agents.
Sn doping on partially dealuminated Beta zeolite by solid state ion exchange for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) production from glucose
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shen Zheng , Kong Ling , Chen Wenbo , Gu Minyan , Xia Meng , Dong Wenjie , Zhang Yalei
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The conversion of glucose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) involves the isomerization of glucose to fructose catalyzed by Lewis acid and subsequent dehydration of fructose catalyzed by Brönsted acid. In this work, in order to obtain a high yield of 5‐HMF, a series of Sn‐Al‐Beta catalysts containing both Lewis and Brönsted acid sites were prepared by a convenient solid state ion exchange (SSIE) method using partially dealuminated Beta zeolite and tin(II) acetate.

RESULTS

The obtained bifunctional catalysts were investigated for one‐pot production of 5‐HMF from glucose in the ionic liquid (IL) [C4mim]Cl. Among various catalysts, Sn‐Al‐Beta‐4‐8 exhibited the best catalytic performance, giving a 5‐HMF yield of 54% under optimal reaction conditions (393 K, 2 h), along with a glucose conversion of 81%. The Sn‐Al‐Beta‐4‐8 catalyst and IL were regenerated by the extraction of 5‐HMF, and the reactivity was reserved after five runs of recycling. In addition to glucose, the Sn‐Al‐Beta‐4‐8/[C4mim]Cl system was also proven to have the potential to effectively convert other carbohydrates into 5‐HMF.

CONCLUSION

The results suggested that the catalyst is convenient to prepare and has preferable efficiency and stability in the conversion of carbohydrates into 5‐HMF. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Deep‐learning‐based harmonization and super‐resolution of near‐surface air temperature from CMIP6 models (1850–2100)
Authors: Wei Xikun , Wang Guojie , Feng Donghan , Duan Zheng , Hagan Daniel Fiifi Tawia , Tao Liangliang , Miao Lijuan , Su Buda , Jiang Tong
Published: November 2022

Future global temperature change will have significant effects on society and ecosystems. Earth system models (ESM) are the primary tools to explore future climate change. However, ESMs have great uncertainty and often run at a coarse spatial resolution (usually about 2°). Accurate high‐spatial‐resolution temperature dataset are needed to improve our understanding of temperature variations and for many other applications. We apply Super resolution (SR) in computer vision using deep learning (DL) to merge 31 ESMs data. The proposed method performs data merging, bias‐correction, and spatial downscaling simultaneously. The CRU TS (Climate Research Unit gridded Time Series) data is used as reference data in the model training process. To find a suitable DL method, we select five SR methodologies with different structures. We compare the performances of the methods based on mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (R). The best method is used to merge the projected monthly data (1850–1900), and monthly future scenarios data (2015–2100), at the high spatial resolution of 0.5°. Results show that the merged data have considerably improved performance compared with individual ESM data and their ensemble mean (EM), both spatially and temporally. The MAE shows significant improvement; the spatial distribution of the MAE widens along the latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The MAE of merged data is ranging from 0.60 to 1.50, the South American (SA) has the lowest error and the Europe has the highest error. The merged product has excellent performance when the observation data is smooth with few fluctuations in the time series. This work demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the DL methods in data merging, bias‐correction and spatial downscaling when enough training data are available. Data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5746632.
The electronic Raman scattering spectrum of PuO2
Authors: Villa‐Aleman Eliel , Dick Don D. , Christian Jonathan H. , Foley Bryan J. , Roy Lindsay E.
Published: November 2022

The Raman spectrum of PuO2 was measured up to 13,000 cm−1 with three different laser excitation wavelengths spanning the resonance (405 nm), near‐resonance (457 nm), and preresonance (514 nm) energy range. Approximately 26 never‐before‐seen bands were observed between 3500 and 13,000 cm−1. Given the very high energy of the Raman shifts of these bands and the relative insensitivity of their spectral position to the interrogating laser wavelength, they are believed to arise from an electronic origin. These bands are present in both freshly calcined and radiolytically aged PuO2, although a broad luminescence is observed in the aged material, which obscures many of the high frequency features. In situ laser annealing of the material attenuated this luminescence and allowed for clear observation of these never‐before‐seen spectral features. Discovery of these high‐energy bands presents a new way of identifying PuO2 for nuclear nonproliferation and forensics purposes.
Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for determination of ketorolac enantiomers in human plasma using cationic β‐cyclodextrin derivative as a chiral selector
Authors: Kravchenko Anastasia V. , Kolobova Ekaterina A. , Kechin Arseniy A. , Kartsova Liudmila A.
Published: November 2022

A novel approach for the separation of ketorolac enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis is presented. A cationic β‐cyclodextrin derivative based on imidazole was synthesized and used as a chiral selector in the background electrolyte. The influence of pH and ionic strength of background electrolyte, as well as cationic β‐cyclodextrin derivative concentration on the resolution of ketorolac enantiomers, was investigated. The highest value of the resolution for ketorolac enantiomers was 1.46 when the background electrolyte consisted of 25 mM NaH2PO4 (pH 6.4) with 1 mM 1‐butyl‐3‐β‐cyclodextrinimidazolium tosylate. Additionally, the possibilities of cationic derivatives for the separation of ketoprofen enantiomers were shown (peak resolution 1.06). The two‐step preconcentration mode was developed to reduce the limit of detection of individual enantiomers. The proposed approach was successfully applied to determine ketorolac enantiomers in tablet “Ketorol express” and human plasma. The calibration range of ketorolac enantiomers for plasma samples was 0.25–2.50 μg/ml with coefficients of determination ≥ 0.99. The relative standard deviation both of the peak area and migration time was less than 15%, as well as the accuracy ranged from 90.1% to 110.2% for both analytes. The limits of detection were 44 and 55 ng/ml for R‐ and S‐ketorolac. The quantity of ketorolac in plasma was verified with high‐performance liquid chromatography.
A Simple and Low‐Cost Electrochemical Immunosensor for Ultrasensitive Determination of Calreticulin Biomarker in Human Serum
Authors: Aydın Elif Burcu , Aydın Muhammet , Sezgintürk Mustafa Kemal
Published: November 2022

An early on time detection of breast cancer significantly affects the treatment process and outcome. Herein, a new label‐free impedimetric biosensor is developed to determine the lowest change in the level of calreticulin (CALR), which is a new biomarker of breast carcinoma. The proposed immunosensor is fabricated by using reduced graphene oxide/amino substituted polypyrrole polymer (rGO‐PPyNH2) nanocomposite modified disposable electrode. The anti‐CALR antibodies are first attached on the rGO‐PPyNH2 nanocomposite coated electrode through glutaraldehyde crosslinking; the CALR antigens are then immobilized with the addition of CALR antigens to form an immunocomplex on the sensing surface. This immunocomplex induces considerably larger interfacial electron transport resistance (Rct). The variation in the Rct has a linear relationship with CALR level in the detection range of 0.025 to 75 pg mL−1, with a detection limit of 10.4 fg mL−1. The suggested biosensor shows high selectivity to CALR, good storage stability (at least 5 weeks) and suitable reproducibility results as shown in quality control chart. The designed immunosensor is utilized to analyze CALR levels in human sera with satisfying results. This immunosensor provides a novel way for the clinical determination of CALR and other cancer biological markers.
The r‐hypergeometric distribution: Characterization, mathematical methods, simulations, and applications in sciences and engineering
Authors: Díaz‐Rodríguez Martín , Leiva Víctor , Martin‐Barreiro Carlos , Cabezas Xavier , Mahdi Esam
Published: November 2022

In this article, we introduce a novel univariate discrete distribution called the r‐hypergeometric model. This distribution has the sampling characteristics with replacement of the binomial distribution and no‐order sampling of the hypergeometric distribution. Mathematical expressions are obtained for computing probabilities, the mode, and moments of the new distribution. Two simulation algorithms are proposed using the acceptance‐rejection and inverse‐transform methods and computational features to generate values of an r‐hypergeometric distributed random variable. Python and R codes are implemented to perform computational experiments. Applications of mathematical methods based on the new distribution in sciences and engineering employing simulated and real‐world data sets are provided. A comparison with existing distributions is also included. In addition to the mathematical results, some findings obtained from our study are related to a better computational performance of the inverse‐transform method. Also, we identify applications of our model that are not covered by the traditional count distributions. In addition, we establish distinct probabilities for the same event under the binomial, hypergeometric, and r‐hypergeometric distributions, with their means also being distinct, but their variances, skewness, and kurtosis converge to the same value.
Mutualism and predator interference: One consumer, two resources
Authors: López Nashiely Juanita , Blé Gamaliel , Falconi Manuel
Published: November 2022

The dynamic of a system of two mutualist preys which are preyed by the same predator is analyzed. As an effect of the mutualism, the carrying capacity of each prey population increases as the population size of the other increases. First, the dynamics of a prey and predator population are studied, and the conditions for coexistence are found. Then, the effect of the inclusion of a new prey on the previous predator–prey relationship is studied. In particular, dynamical properties such as Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation are preserved. The coexistence of the three species occurs by a stable equilibrium point or a stable limit cycle. Numerical simulations to exemplify the analytical results are given.
Huangshan Floral Mushroom Polysaccharide Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulating Th17/Treg Balance in a Gut Microbiota‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Zou Ming‐yue , Wang Yu‐jing , Liu Yong , Xiong Shan‐qiang , Zhang Lei , Wang Jun‐hui
Published: November 2022

Scope

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. This study attempts to reveal the improvement mechanism of floral mushroom polysaccharide (FMPS) on UC from the perspective of coordinated interaction between intestinal microbes and intestinal helper T cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) balance.

Methods and results

Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis mice model is used for the experiment. The results suggest that FMPS up‐regulated the expression of occludin, ZO‐1, and MUC2, and down‐regulated the secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in colitis mice. Importantly, FMPS restores intestinal Th17/Treg balance. Meanwhile, FMPS can regulate intestinal microorganisms and improve the level of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colitis mice. Intestinal microbial depletion and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments reveal that FMPS ameliorated UC is mediated by intestinal microbiome. Flow cytometry further proves that FMPS restores intestinal Th17/Treg balance in a microbial‐dependent manner.

Conclusion

These results indicate that FMPS has the potential to improve UC, and its mechanism depends on the restoration of Th17/Treg balance mediated by intestinal microorganisms. Therefore, it is suggested that FMPS dietary supplement can be potentially used to intervene UC.
Updates on feminizing genital affirmation surgery (vaginoplasty) techniques
Authors: Ferrando Cecile A.
Published: November 2022

Vaginoplasty is a gender affirming surgery performed for transgender women who desire feminizing genital reconstruction. Over the last decade, access to surgical care has improved for patients, and vaginoplasty has been increasingly performed. Several vaginoplasty techniques exist, many of which are modifications of the traditional penile inversion vaginoplasty. In this paper, we review the penile inversion vaginoplasty, the intestinal segment vaginoplasty and the peritoneal flap vaginoplasty. An overview of the techniques employed to perform these procedures is provided, as well as an update on their published outcomes and complications.
Latent membrane protein 1 and macrophage‐derived TNFα synergistically activate and mobilize invadopodia to drive invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tang Wing Chung , Tsao Sai Wah , Jones Gareth E , Liu Xiong , Tsai Ming Han , Delecluse Henri‐Jacques , Dai Wei , You Chanping , Zhang Jun , Huang Shaina Chor Mei , Leung Manton Man‐hon , Liu Tengfei , Ching Yick Pang , Chen Honglin , Lo Kwok Wai , Li Xin , Tsang Chi Man
Published: November 2022

Invadopodia are actin‐rich membrane protrusions that digest the matrix barrier during cancer metastasis. Since the discovery of invadopodia, they have been visualized as localized and dot‐like structures in different types of cancer cells on top of a 2D matrix. In this investigation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly invasive cancer frequently accompanied by neck lymph node and distal organ metastases, we revealed a new form of invadopodium with mobilizing features. Integration of live‐cell imaging and molecular assays revealed the interaction of macrophage‐released TNFα and EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in co‐activating the EGFR/Src/ERK/cortactin and Cdc42/N‐WASP signaling axes for mobilizing the invadopodia with lateral movements. This phenomenon endows the invadopodia with massive degradative power, visualized as a shift of focal dot‐like digestion patterns on a 2D gelatin to a dendrite‐like digestion pattern. Notably, single stimulation of either LMP1 or TNFα could only enhance the number of ordinary dot‐like invadopodia, suggesting that the EBV infection sensitizes the NPC cells to form mobilizing invadopodia when encountering a TNFα‐rich tumor microenvironment. This study unveils the interplay of EBV and stromal components in driving the invasive potential of NPC via unleashing the propulsion of invadopodia in overcoming matrix hurdles. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Toward a hypothesis‐free understanding of how phosphorylation dynamically impacts protein turnover
Authors: Li Wenxue , Salovska Barbora , Fornasiero Eugenio F. , Liu Yansheng
Published: November 2022

The turnover measurement of proteins and proteoforms has been largely facilitated by workflows coupling metabolic labeling with mass spectrometry (MS), including dynamic stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (dynamic SILAC) or pulsed SILAC (pSILAC). Very recent studies including ours have integrated themeasurement of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) at the proteome level (i.e., phosphoproteomics) with pSILAC experiments in steady state systems, exploring the link between PTMs and turnover at the proteome‐scale. An open question in the field is how to exactly interpret these complex datasets in a biological perspective. Here, we present a novel pSILAC phosphoproteomic dataset which was obtained during a dynamic process of cell starvation using data‐independent acquisition MS (DIA‐MS). To provide an unbiased “hypothesis‐free” analysis framework, we developed a strategy to interrogate how phosphorylation dynamically impacts protein turnover across the time series data. With this strategy, we discovered a complex relationship between phosphorylation and protein turnover that was previously underexplored. Our results further revealed a link between phosphorylation stoichiometry with the turnover of phosphorylated peptidoforms. Moreover, our results suggested that phosphoproteomic turnover diversity cannot directly explain the abundance regulation of phosphorylation during cell starvation, underscoring the importance of future studies addressing PTM site‐resolved protein turnover.
Hybrid atmospheric pressure plasma generation and DC electrospray aerosolization of plasma‐activated water for surface pathogen disinfection
Authors: Chew Nicholas S. L. , Ooi Chien W. , Yeo Leslie Y. , Tan Ming K.
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the synergistic effects of combining atmospheric pressure plasma generation together with aerosolization of the resultant plasma‐activated water using direct current electrospraying for effective chemical‐free spray‐based surface disinfection. Besides facilitating the efficient aerosol generation of the atmospheric pressure plasma pretreated water, the DC electrospray itself also constitutes a secondary plasma generation source that can further enhance the plasma‐activation of water to result in a further increase in the concentration of reactive species in the aerosols. This, in turn, can be seen to translate into an enhancement in bacteria inactivation efficacy. Additionally, we show that pretreating stainless steel surfaces using this hybrid spray‐deposition technique before pathogen exposure leads to almost complete inactivation of the bacteria colonies.
Enhanced gas‐phase nucleation of diamond nanoparticles in a microplasma torch
Authors: Jia Zixian , Fermi Youcef , Siby Abdoulaye , Brinza Ovidiu , Hassouni Khaled , Prasanna Swaminathan
Published: November 2022

In this work, we present and characterize a microwave plasma microtorch that can support the formation of diamond nanoparticles (DNPs) in the gas phase when using hydrogen‐methane as a precursor gas. We first showed how the nonequilibrium character of the plasma obtained in this microtorch ensures enhanced H‐atom, , and production at moderate gas temperature levels that provides thermal stability of DNPs. The material characterization by TEM, Raman, and electron energy loss spectroscopy spectra confirm the presence of a substantial amount of diamond phase in the carbon dust particles collected from the plasma phase. Investigation of the effects of injected microwave power on the process characteristics showed a direct correlation between enhanced production and the appearance of the diamond phase, which points out the critical role of as far as gas‐phase nucleation of DNPs is concerned.
A robust antibody discovery platform for difficult‐to‐express G protein‐coupled receptors
Authors: Kim Nam Hyuk , Kang Sumin , Park Ga Hyeon , Shim Goeun , Kang Tae Hyun , Yu Yeon Gyu
Published: November 2022

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are in the spotlight as drug targets due to the fact that multiple research results have verified the correlation between the activation of GPCRs and disease indications. This is because the GPCRs are present across the cell membranes, which interact with either extracellular ligands or other types of compartments and simultaneously mediate intracellular signaling. Despite the importance of the GPCRs as drug targets, they are too difficult to express in soluble forms. Currently, the difficulty of preparing functional GPCRs and the lack of efficient antibody screening methods are the most challenging steps in the discovery of antibodies targeting GPCRs. In this study, we developed a powerful platform that facilitates isolating GPCR‐specific antibodies by obviating difficulties in GPCR preparation. The strategies include (i) conjugation of the P9 peptide, an envelope protein of Pseudomonas phi6, to the N‐terminus of GPCRs to improve the expression level of the GPCRs in Escherichia coli, (ii) stabilization of the GPCRs in their active forms with amphiphilic poly‐γ‐glutamate (APG) to shield the seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains, and (iii) further limiting the size of the APG complex to improve the chance to isolate antibodies targeting the proteins‐of‐interest. Capitalizing on the above strategies, we could prepare GPCR proteins in their active forms as facile as other general‐soluble antigen proteins. Furthermore, this protocol was validated to be successful in discovering three individual GPCR‐specific antibodies targeting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor, C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4, and prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 in this study.
Deoxyelephantopin, a germacrane‐type sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus scaber, induces mitochondrial apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells by targeting Hsp90α in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Jing‐Jie , Yan Qiu‐Lin , Bai Ming , Liu Qingbo , Song Shao‐Jiang , Yao Guo‐Dong
Published: November 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma has been known as the most frequent subtype of liver cancer with a high rate of spread, metastases, and recurrence, also dismal treatment effects. However, effective therapies for HCC are still required. Nowadays, natural products have been known as a valuable source for drug discovery. In this research, 44 sesquiterpene lactones isolated from the Elephantopus scaber Linn. (Asteraceae) were tested by MTT assay for the antitumor activities. Deoxyelephantopin (DET) was found to exert significant cytotoxicity on HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Moreover, we found that DET treatment markedly reduced the growth of HCC cells in a concentration‐dependent manner, which was better than sorafenib. Furthermore, DET induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis. Additionally, we found that DET and sorafenib synergistically induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in HCC cells. DET combined with sorafenib was also efficacious in tumor xenograft model. Molecular docking experiments revealed that DET had a potentially high binding affinity with Hsp90α. Moreover, Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability assay suggested that DET could directly target Hsp90α. Additionally, the expression of Hsp90α was both decreased in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, this study revealed that DET might be a promising agent for HCC therapy by targeting Hsp90α.
Synergistic Solar‐Driven Freshwater Generation and Electricity Output Empowered by Wafer‐Scale Nanostructured Silicon
Authors: Song Zheheng , Ge Can , Song Yuhang , Chen Zhewei , Shao Beibei , Yuan Xianrong , Chen Jiangyu , Xu Duo , Song Tao , Fang Jian , Wang Yusheng , Sun Baoquan
Published: November 2022

Electricity generation triggered by the ubiquitous water evaporation process provides an intriguing way to harvest energy from water. Meanwhile, natural water evaporation is also a fundamental way to obtain fresh water for human beings. Here, a wafer‐scale nanostructured silicon‐based device that takes advantage of its well‐aligned configuration that simultaneously realizes solar steam generation (SSG) for freshwater collection and hydrovoltaic effect generation for electricity output is developed. An ingenious porous, black carbon nanotube fabric (CNF) electrode endows the device with sustainable water self‐pumping capability, excellent durable conductivity, and intense solar spectrum harvesting. A combined device based on the CNF electrode integrated with nanostructured silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWs) provided an aligned numerous surface‐to‐volume water evaporation interface that enables a recorded continuous short‐circuit current 8.65 mA and a water evaporation rate of 1.31 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun illumination. Such wafer‐scale SiNWs‐based SSG and hydrovoltaic integration devices would unchain the bottleneck of the weak and discontinuous electrical output of hydrovoltaic devices, which inspires other sorts of semiconductor‐based hydrovoltaic device designs to target superior performance.
A Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived 1T‐MoS2 with Expanded Layer Spacing for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Hang , Xu Hualan , Wang Lei , Ouyang Chuying , Liang Haiwei , Zhong Shengliang
Published: November 2022

Metal phase molybdenum disulfide (1T‐MoS2) is considered a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its activated basal and superior electrical conductivity. Here, a one‐step solvothermal route is developed to prepare 1T‐MoS2 with expanded layer spacing through the derivatization of a Mo‐based organic framework (Mo‐MOFs). Benefiting from N,N‐dimethylformamide oxide as external stress, the interplanar spacing of (002) of the MoS2 catalyst is extended to 10.87 Å, which represents the largest one for the 1T‐MoS2 catalyst prepared by the bottom‐up approach. Theoretical calculations reveal that the expanded crystal planes alter the electronic structure of 1T‐MoS2, lower the adsorption–desorption potentials of protons, and thus, trigger efficient catalytic activity for HER. The optimal 1T‐MoS2 catalyst exhibits an overpotential of 98 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER, corresponding to a Tafel slope of 52 mV dec−1. This Mo‐MOFs‐derived strategy provides a potential way to design high‐performance catalysts by adjusting the layer spacing of 2D materials.
A model‐based framework for inter‐app Vulnerability analysis of Android applications
Authors: Nirumand Atefeh , Zamani Bahman , Tork‐Ladani Behrouz , Klein Jacques , Bissyandé Tegawendé F.
Published: November 2022

Android users install various apps, such as banking apps, on their smart devices dealing with user‐sensitive information. The Android framework, via Inter‐Component Communication (ICC) mechanism, ensures that app components (inside the same app or on different apps) can communicate. The literature works have shown that this mechanism can cause security issues, such as app security policy violations, especially in the case of Inter‐App Communication (IAC). Despite the plethora of research on detecting security issues in IAC, detection techniques face fundamental ICC challenges for improving the precision of static analysis. Challenges include providing comprehensive and scalable modeling of app specification, capturing all potential ICC paths, and enabling more effective IAC analysis. To overcome such challenges, in this paper, we propose a framework called VAnDroid2, as an extension of our previous work, to address the security issues in multiple components at both intra‐ and inter‐app analysis levels. VAnDroid2, based on Model‐Driven Reverse Engineering, has extended our previous work as per following: (1) providing a comprehensive Intermediate Representation (IR) of the app which supports extracting all the ICC information from the app, (2) extracting high‐level representations of the apps and their interactions by omitting the details that are not relevant to inter‐app security analysis, and (3) enabling more effective IAC security analysis. This framework is implemented as an Eclipse‐based tool. The results of evaluating VAnDroid2 w.r.t. correctness, scalability, and run‐time performance, and comparing with state‐of‐the‐art analysis tools well indicate that VAnDroid2 is a promising framework in the field of Android inter‐app security analysis.
Effect of crystalline admixture on early‐age residual stress and cracking potential of high‐strength concrete
Authors: Feng Zhizhuo , Shen Dejian , Zhang Jingbin , Tang Hui , Jiang Guoqing
Published: November 2022

Crystalline admixture (CA) has been extensively utilized as the commercial product for improving the performance associated with strengthening self‐sealing of cracks or decreasing the permeability of concrete. However, few researches characterizing the restrained shrinkage and cracking potential of concrete with CA at early age. This paper aimed to expand the limitation by means of the experiments including mechanical properties test and restrained ring test on high‐strength concrete (HSC) with CA from Xypex. The proportion of CA was 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% by the mass of cement. The incorporation of CA enhanced the compressive and splitting tensile strength as well as modulus of elasticity tested in this paper. A significant increase was observed in free and restrained shrinkage of HSC with CA. Although incorporation of CA ameliorated the stress relaxation, residual stress in restrained concrete ring developed rapidly with the incorporation of CA due to the significant increase in restrained shrinkage at early age. Restrained concrete ring with CA demonstrated a higher stress rate, which implied a higher cracking potential. When CA proportion increased from 0% to 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, a higher cracking potential was revealed through calculation, and restrained concrete ring exhibited earlier cracking age. Caution should be exercised with the application of such CA in concrete mixtures under restrained conditions.
Subsidiary Governance: Fallbeispiel, Checkliste und Anwendungsarten
Authors: Renz Patrick , Böhrer Nikola , Peter Marc K.
Published: November 2022

Subsidiary Governance baut nicht auf der grünen Wiese auf – viele international tätige Unternehmen sind in vielen der behandelten Themen bereits aktiv, auf gezielte oder teilweise auch zufällige Art und Weise. Das nachfolgende Kapitel soll Leserinnen und Leser aus der Praxis in der Anwendung des Subsidiary Governance Modells unterstützen. Dazu wird einleitend eine (reale) Fallstudie dargestellt. Eine Checkliste fasst die behandelten Bereiche oder Indikatoren zusammen und dient als Diskussionsgrundlage oder um Prioritäten zu setzen. Den Abschluss bilden verschiedene Szenarien (sogenannte Anwendungsarten), wie das Subsidiary Governance Modell sinnvoll in reale Führungsprozesse eingebettet werden kann.
Ecosystem Services Analysis and Integration in Hengqin and Macao
Authors: Zhou Long , Li Bin , Li Sihong , Lei Ngan Leng , Cheong Kengfong
Published: November 2022

With the rapid development of the city and economy, a series of environmental problems have emerged in Macao, such as the lack of freshwater resources, disastrous urban flooding caused by typhoons and heavy rains, intensification of the urban heat island effect, increased carbon dioxide emissions and pressure on recreational space. Hengqin is committed to promote Macao economy’s sustainable development, facilitate urban integration of Hengqin–Macao and improve locals’ welfare. In the urbanisation process, Hengqin is based on long-term scientific development, ensuring the coordination of development and ecological protection and striving to achieve the goal of ‘ecological island’. As Macao is densely populated, there are scarce ecological resources with desperate needs of various ecosystem services. It is of great necessity to study the complementary interface between ecosystem services of Macao and Hengqin.
Innovative fakultative Seminarkonzepte besonders klinisch-praktisch ausgerichteter Lehre zur Famulatur- und PJ-Vorbereitung aus spezifisch chirurgischer Sicht
Authors: Stieger Philipp , Schildberg Claus , Gottschalk Marc , Werwick Katrin , Hunger Jonathan , Walcher Felix , Meyer Frank , Albert Christian , Braun-Dullaeus Rüdiger C.
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Die großen Praxisphasen der Famulaturen und des Praktischen Jahres (PJ) nehmen für Medizinstudierende eine besondere Stellung innerhalb ihres Kurrikulums ein.

Ziel

Bezüglich Famulatur und PJ in der medizinischen Ausbildung wird exemplarisch ein Konzept zu vorbereitenden Seminarreihen einschließlich initialer Praxiserfahrungen vorgestellt.

Methode

Es wird eine narrative Übersicht gegeben.

Ergebnisse

Als gemeinsames Ziel der fakultativ initiierten Lehrveranstaltungen sollen die Studierenden zum Absolvieren von Famulatur und PJ besser qualifiziert und befähigt werden sowie das empfundene Zutrauen der Studierenden substanziell erhöhen. Die Erfahrungen in Famulaturen und PJ prägen Interesse und die Entscheidungen für ein Fach und den weiteren ärztlichen Berufsweg. Die Inhalte der hier vorgestellten Seminare zur Vorbereitung der ersten Famulatur und des ersten PJ-Tertials leisten einen Beitrag zur späteren selbstständigen ärztlichen Tätigkeit. Sie sollen vor dem folgenden Berufsstart für das Konzept einer umfassenden, d.h. komplexen interdisziplinären, -professionellen und -sektoralen Patientenversorgung sensibilisieren. Unter Berücksichtigung der jeweils unterschiedlichen Vorerfahrungen aus vorangegangenen Praktikumsabschnitten werden die Studierenden gezielt zu breit gefächerten, chirurgisch-interdisziplinären Lernzielen einer „Versorgungskompetenz“ unterrichtet. Studierende sollen auf diese Weise von den anregungsreich zu gestaltenden Phasen der Famulatur und des PJs vermehrt profitieren.

Schlussfolgerung

Von einer Verbesserung der Lehre durch eine statusgerechte Vorbereitung, die neben typischen Tätigkeiten Studierender des Praktikums auch unmittelbar auf den ärztlichen Alltag vorbereitet, sind ein größerer Lernerfolg und ein verbessertes Praktikumserleben zu erwarten.
Analytical approach of merging a different number of storage aisle under a fully sequenced order
Authors: Eder Michael
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a method to determine the throughput of a multiple-aisle storage system. The main key feature of this approach is that the sequence of the ordered order is to be strictly adhered and the buffer-slots in front of every storage aisle are considered. Therefore, a merging process with several input streams with limited capacity is modelled. The invented approach is based on a superposition of different queueing systems with limited capacity, such as a M/M/1/K-queueing model. The accuracy of the invented approach is given by a comparison to a discrete event simulation. The approximation quality is very high, through an estimation error of less than 10% for some configurations and less than 2% for over 90% of all examined configurations. An example is presented to show the influence of the number of aisles and their capacity. The result is that the capacity of the aisle has a prime influence on the throughput, especially at a higher number of aisles. This approach serves a decision tool to determine the throughput of a multi-aisle storage system in an accurate and a simple manner.