bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking of fracture‐state displacement data generated by cohesive zone modeling using shape optimization
Authors: Suchan Tim , Najafi Koopas Rasoul , Rauter Natalie , Welker Kathrin
Published: March 2023

Many infrastructure objects made from concrete like bridges are in bad condition. Different types of damage like corrosion and fractures reduce the stiffness and strength significantly. Knowledge of the fracture propagation is essential to predict the remaining life time and to guarantee a safe operation. There are different approaches to solve this problem. On the one hand finite element simulations including cohesive zone modeling are commonly used to determine the current condition and to predict the fracture propagation in a component. In addition, mathematical optimization techniques like shape optimization can be used to predict the fracture growth. In this work, fracture‐state displacement data generated by cohesive zone modeling is tracked using shape optimization techniques, which leads to the imitation of fracture growth. It is shown that the techniques lead to comparable results for the fracture propagation in concrete.
Consideration of chemically‐induced damage in a thermo‐electrically coupled system
Authors: Waimann Johanna , van der Velden Tim , Schmidt Annika , Ritzert Stephan , Reese Stefanie
Published: March 2023

Electro‐chemical machining (ECM) allows the removal of material based on the effect of anodic dissolution and without mechanical contact. Thus, it avoids tool abrasion as well as influencing the surface quality, for instance due to formed dislocations and/or damage. Due to that, ECM is a very attractive machining process for high strength materials such as titanium.

The effect of anodic dissolution is a result of a present electric current in combination with the contact with an electrolyte. We show a material model, which enables to predict the mentioned effect by use of a chemically motivated damage of the material based on Faraday's law. After the approach's introduction, we will address its consideration within a thermo‐electrically coupled finite element method by using effective material parameters that differ between metal and electrolyte. The presentation is completed by the numerical results, which show the method's ability to simulate the ECM process.
Experiments on the dynamic Poisson's ratio of PUR foams
Authors: Bogunia Lukas , Buchen Stefan , Fischbach Marcel , Weinberg Kerstin
Published: March 2023

Polyurethane (PUR) foams are used in various industrial applications, including vibration damping and noise reduction. Because the effective mechanical properties are needed for the engineering design process, this work presents a method to measure the dynamic Poisson's ratio for the typical range of sound frequencies. A hydraulic pulse testing machine is used to apply the harmonic displacement excitation of the cylindrical specimens for 1 − 100 Hz. The analysis of the time‐dependent deformation data is based on video recordings of a high‐speed camera and a specially derived image processing algorithm.

For the Poisson's ratios of the measured foams no significant frequency dependence was found. For PUR foam with an open‐cell or mixed‐cell microstructure the dynamic Poisson's ratio is approximately 0.3. Poisson's ratios of about 0.4 were measured for PUR foams with a high density and a closed‐cell microstructure.
Large Data Limit of the MBO Scheme for Data Clustering
Authors: Laux Tim , Lelmi Jona
Published: March 2023

The MBO scheme is a highly performant scheme used for data clustering and other applications in machine learning. We report on the first theoretical studies of the scheme in the large data limit. Our results relate (i) the final state of the scheme to minimal surfaces in the data manifold and (ii) the dynamics of the scheme to the steepest descent for surfaces, which is mean curvature flow. The tools employed are variational methods for (i) and viscosity solution techniques for (ii).
FE‐based modeling of a mesoscale piezoelectric motor
Authors: Marter Paul , Duvigneau Fabian , Orszulik Ryan , Juhre Daniel
Published: March 2023

The manufacturing of systems at the mesoscale on the order of millimeters to centimeters is costly and challenging. To simplify the development process, the finite element method (FEM) can be used to compare and evaluate different design variations at an early stage. This method also allows for gaining a more precise understanding of the system's behavior. In robotic applications it is the torque that is of the greatest interest as a sufficiently high torque mitigates the need for a gearbox, which is very difficult to manufacture and integrate at small scales. Given this background, the present work aims to develop a finite element model for the numerical representation of a class of rotational piezoelectric motors based on multiple unimorph arms. The influence of different design parameters on the resulting torque is analyzed utilizing this model. The motor design consists of a planar rotor and a flat spring, a stator with three unimorph arms, as well as a shaft. With a total integrated motor thickness of 0.8 mm, the weight is approximately 200 milligrams. The rotation is mainly caused by the tip contact between the arms of the stator and the rotor itself. Experiments with prototypes have shown that bidirectional rotation is possible with the design, which is then investigated in more detail using the numerical model. There are several challenges here in the non‐linearity due to the contact between the individual components and the high‐frequency excitation of the motor in the kHz range.

The modeling also requires validation experiments to determine the resulting properties for the coupled system of structural and piezoelectric components. This includes both the measurement of the unimorph arms and the measurement of the natural frequencies of the stator with the piezoelectric unimorphs by a laser scanning vibrometer and displacement sensors. The scanning vibrometer also provides the opportunity to compare the vibration modes, as an important non‐local output quantity, in order to achieve good agreement between the numerical and experimental results.

In the next stage, the model is to serve as the basis for multi‐objective optimization to achieve maximum torque in the smallest possible volume. Further miniaturization possibilities will also be investigated in future studies.
Vibration analysis on newly designed painting supports for the Cranach exhibition 2022 at Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek
Authors: Hartlieb Eva , Ziegler Pascal , Eberhard Peter
Published: March 2023

The effect of vibration on the condition of sensitive works of art continues to be of great importance to museums. Vibrations contribute to irreversible changes in the complex materiality of art and cultural heritage. In cooperation with the Klassik Stiftung Weimar, the Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics at the University of Stuttgart accompanied an exhibition setup. The museum and partners designed free‐standing columns in the exhibition hall to support valuable works of art. Due to their original design, these are susceptible to vibrations. Thus, the question arises as to what extent these columns should be modified in order to reduce these vibrations. In this study, measurements were taken on the floor and on the columns using a variety of measuring techniques. It was investigated which excitations from the environment propagate to the artwork. It was confirmed that vibrations from the environment, such as road traffic and museum visitors in the exhibition room, are sources of excitation.

Experimental modal analysis was used to identify the characteristic vibration behaviour of these columns. By using finite element methods, a simulation model was set up allowing to investigate modifications to the columns in order to predict the change in vibration behaviour. Based on the simulation modifications, structural changes were made to the system through stiffening of individual components and redistribution of masses.
Investigation into the genetics of fetal congenital lymphatic anomalies
Authors: Rogerson Daniella , Alkelai Anna , Giordano Jessica , Pantrangi Madhulatha , Hsiao Meng‐Chang , Nhan‐Chang Chia‐Ling , Motelow Joshua E. , Aggarwal Vimla , Goldstein David , Wapner Ron , Shawber Carrie J.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Congenital lymphatic anomalies (LAs) arise due to defects in lymphatic development and often present in utero as pleural effusion, chylothorax, nuchal and soft tissue edema, ascites, or hydrops. Many LAs are caused by single nucleotide variants, which are not detected on routine prenatal testing.

Methods

Demographic data were compared between two subcohorts, those with clinically significant fetal edema (CSFE) and isolated fetal edema. A targeted variant analysis of LA genes was performed using American College of Medical Genetics criteria on whole exome sequencing (WES) data generated for 71 fetal edema cases who remained undiagnosed after standard workup.

Results

CSFE cases had poor outcomes, including preterm delivery, demise, and maternal preeclampsia. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 7% (5/71) of cases, including variants in RASopathy genes, RASA1, SOS1, PTPN11, and a novel PIEZO1 variant. Variants of uncertain significance (VOUS) were identified in 45% (32/71) of cases. In CSFEs, VOUS were found in CELSR1, EPHB4, TIE1, PIEZO1, ITGA9, RASopathy genes, SOS1, SOS2, and RAF1.

Conclusions

WES identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants and VOUS in LA genes in 51% of fetal edema cases, supporting WES and expanded hydrops panels in cases of idiopathic fetal hydrops and fluid collections.
Quantifying optical loss of high‐voltage degradation modes in photovoltaic modules using spectral analysis
Authors: Miller David C. , Hurst Katherine E. , Sinha Archana , Qian Jiadong , Moffitt Stephanie L. , Uličná Soňa , Schelhas Laura T. , Hacke Peter
Published: March 2023

The direct current bias for photovoltaic (PV) modules interconnected in series‐strings may include both high voltage negative (“HV−”) and positive (“HV+”) polarity with respect to the electrical ground. Multiple degradation modes, resulting in quantifiable optical loss, were found to occur during HV−/HV+ sequential stress, including corrosion of the external glass surface, encapsulant delamination (at its interfaces with the glass and the PV cell), internal haze formation (resulting from a chemical interaction between the glass and the encapsulant), corrosion and migration of the gridlines, and corrosion of the silicon nitride (SixNy) antireflective coating on the cell. The effects of these separate modes were examined using monolithic (e.g., glass or PV cell) and laminated‐coupon (glass/encapsulant/glass or glass/encapsulant/cell/encapsulant/backsheet) specimens. Characterizations during and after unbiased accelerated testing at 85°C/85% relative humidity included spectrophotometry, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and ellipsometry. For some module components (i.e., the glass and the SixNycoating), the optical performance was determined through iterative analysis of empirical measurements. Concentrating on just their spectral effect, a novel model was then developed to estimate the transfer of light to the PV cell and the return of light from the PV module with simultaneous degradation mechanisms, which was compared with a mini‐module previously subjected to HV−/HV+ stress. The model suggests that one third of the current loss observed for the mini‐module can be attributed to the optical degradation of the packaging materials. The dominant degradation modes include encapsulant delamination and corrosion of the SixNycoating. Recommendations are given so that the optical model may be improved relative to accelerated testing and validated relative to field aging.
Best practices in online education during COVID‐19: Instructors' perspectives on teaching and learning in higher education
Authors: Orozco Luis E. , Giraldo‐García Regina J. , Chang Bo
Published: March 2023

By the end of 2019, the World Health Organization was informed about the first unknown pneumonia cases, later labeled the COVID‐19 global pandemic. Based on Mezirow's transformative learning theory, COVID‐19 has been the trigger event that challenged adult learners' values, beliefs, and expectations in higher educational institutions. The study sought to identify best practices across American higher education institutions (HEIs) to adapt their teaching approach to the online environment. It answered the question, “What are the best practices for higher education instructors to adapt their teaching approach to online environments?” This study uses a systematic literature review and an online survey for data collection across HEIs in the United States. The web‐based questionnaire includes fixed‐choice, closed‐ended, and open‐ended questions in four sections: demographic information, attitudes about online education, online teaching and learning strategies, and challenges. The study follows ethical procedures, thematic analysis, and discussion of the findings in the context of existing literature to outline best practices in online higher education during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
DiaPASEF proteotype analysis indicates changes in cell growth and metabolic switch induced by caspase‐9 inhibition in chondrogenic cells
Authors: Lapcik Petr , Vesela Barbora , Potesil David , Dadakova Katerina , Zapletalova Martina , Benes Petr , Bouchal Pavel , Matalova Eva
Published: March 2023

Caspase‐9 is the major apical caspase responsible for triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Our previous study indicated that specific inhibition of caspase‐9 caused microscopically evident alterations in appearance of the primary chondrogenic cultures which cannot be explained by decrease in apoptosis. To describe a complex molecular background of this effect, proteomics analysis of control and caspase‐9 inhibitor‐treated chondrogenic cultures were performed. Proteins were extracted, identified and quantified using LC‐MS in both data dependent and data independent acquisition (DIA) mode. While directDIA analysis of diaPASEF data obtained using timsTOF Pro LC‐MS system revealed 7849 protein groups (Q‐value <0.01), a parallel analysis of iTRAQ‐2DLC‐MS3 and conventional DIA‐MS data identified only 5146 and 4098 protein groups, respectively, showing diaPASEF a superior method for the study. The detailed analysis of diaPASEF data disclosed 236/551 significantly down‐/up‐regulated protein groups after caspase‐9 inhibition, respectively (|log2FC|>0.58, Q value <0.05). Classification of downregulated proteins revealed changes in extracellular matrix organization, collagen metabolism, and muscle system processes. Moreover, deregulations suggest a switch from glycolytic to lipid based metabolism in the inhibited cells. No essential changes were found in the proteins involved in apoptosis. The data indicate new non‐apoptotic participation of caspases in chondrocyte homeostasis with potential applications in cartilage pathophysiology.
Molecular engineering of Pyran‐fused acceptor–donor–acceptor‐type non‐fullerene acceptors for highly efficient organic solar cells—A density functional theory approach
Authors: Hassan Talha , Adnan Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Hussain Fakhar , Khan Muhammad Usman
Published: March 2023

The end‐capped modification proves that it is an excellent attempt to improve the solar cells performances. Therefore, nowadays, many researchers are working to design new molecules for potential use in organic photovoltaics. Herein, we have modified new molecules (SA1–SA5) from the reference (R) for fullerene‐free solar cells. These novel molecules have lower excitation energy levels that make the easier excitation in the excited state. Additionally, SA1 to SA5 molecules exhibit excellent charge mobility due to the modification of an efficient core units. Geometric and physiochemical investigations indicate that the modeled molecules are beneficial for efficient organic solar cells. The estimation of frontier molecular orbitals analysis, reorganizational energy, photovoltaic characteristics, and charge transmission calculations was done using density functional theory calculations with B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) basis set. Among all designed molecules, SA3 has emerged as the preferred choice because of its outstanding photovoltaic characteristics, which include a minimal bandgap of 2.03 eV and reorganization energy of electron and holes of 0.0095 and 0.0077 eV, correspondingly. The designed materials (SA1–SA5) displayed a high λ max values, that is, 693.54 nm (in gas) and 679.63 nm (in chloroform). This theoretical framework suggests that the required photovoltaic properties may be efficiently obtained by remodeling the new molecules.
Remote Epitaxy of Cubic Gallium Nitride on Graphene‐Covered 3C‐SiC Substrates by Plasma‐Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Littmann Mario , Reuter Dirk , As Donat Josef
Published: March 2023

Remote epitaxy is a relatively new area of research that offers several advantages, including the potential to reduce the influence of lattice mismatch and the ability to exfoliate films easily. This work is focused on adapting this growth method for the epitaxy of cubic gallium nitride (c‐GaN), a metastable phase. However, one faces challenges in enforcing the nucleation of the metastable cubic phase due to the weaker interactions between the substrate and the epitaxial layer compared to conventional epitaxy. Initially, only polycrystalline wurtzite gallium nitride could be grown. However, by optimizing the growth conditions and adding a cubic aluminum nitride buffer layer, predominantly cubic gallium nitride layers can be grown. High‐resolution X‐ray diffraction measurements confirm that the percentage of hexagonal inclusions is reduced from 80% to 23%.
Ultrathin PdCu Nanosheet as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Formate Oxidation Reaction and Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Xue Jinling , Li Yinshi
Published: March 2023

The development of robust nonplatinum electrocatalysts to enhance the performance of formate oxidation reaction (FOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the key issues for the commercialization of direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs), but still challenging. Herein, a structurally controlled 3D flower‐like PdCu nanosheet (NS) catalyst is synthesized by a method of oil bath reduction under mild conditions as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for DFFCs. Under the dual tuning on the composition and intermetallic phase, the PdCu nanosheet catalyst exhibits 8.67 times higher mass activity for anodic formate oxidation reaction than the commercial Pd/C. For the cathodic ORR, a positive shift half‐wave potential is obtained for PdCu nanosheets exceeding Pt/C. Moreover, after a long‐term stability test, the current density of the PdCu nanosheet catalyst for FOR and ORR can be well maintained with the least activity decay. When the PdCu NSs are used as optimized anode and cathode electrodes for DFFCs enable a peak power density as high as 53 mW cm−2at room temperature, which is about 1.3 times higher than that of the commercial Pd/C and Pt/C as anode and cathode electrodes. This work provides a potential strategy to improve the catalytic performance of non‐Pt‐based nanocatalysts.
Laminating Structure for Interlayer Corona Discharge Treatment Toward Ion‐Based Nanogenerators
Authors: Park Sang Hyeok , Lee Jeongwan , Kong Dae Sol , Choi Jinhyeok , Jung Hyeongjun , Park Yong Jun , Park Hyeong Min , Jung Jong Hoon , Lee Minbaek
Published: March 2023

A corona discharge treatment (CDT) is utilized to maximize the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) by injecting extra electrons into the negative tribomaterials. Increased performance of CDT TENGs, however, exhibits rapid degradation due to the electron dissipation by air moisture or thermal emission. To overcome such drawbacks and circumvent such dissipation, the source of charges should be replaced with ionic charges. This study reports a Ag nanowires (NWs)‐embedded laminating structure (AeLS) with a unique fabrication procedure for ionic charge injection by CDT. The injection of ions is achieved by interlayer‐CDT (i‐CDT), in which positive charges are dissipated by Ag NWs, and the opposite negative ions can remain on the outmost surface. The AeLS TENGs with i‐CDT exhibit high performance, long‐term stability, and durability. It shows voltage, current, and maximum power outputs of 380 V, 15 µA, and 827 mW m−2, respectively. As a practical demonstration, rotational TENG integrated with a direct discharge system is realized, and its current and voltage reach 7.4 mA and 7800 V, respectively. This work can pave the way for the design of ion‐based TENGs with high performance and long‐lasting retention of triboelectric charges.
Recent Developments in Nanoparticle‐Based Photo‐Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Guo Zhongyuan , Zhu Audrey T. , Fang Ronnie H. , Zhang Liangfang
Published: March 2023

Phototherapy is an emerging approach for cancer treatment that is effective at controlling the growth of primary tumors. In the presence of light irradiation, photothermal and photodynamic agents that are delivered to tumor sites can induce local hyperthermia and the production of reactive oxygen species, respectively, that directly eradicate cancer cells. Nanoparticles, characterized by their small size and tunable physiochemical properties, have been widely utilized as carriers for phototherapeutic agents to improve their biocompatibility and tumor‐targeted delivery. Nanocarriers can also be used to implement various codelivery strategies for further enhancing phototherapeutic efficiency. More recently, there has been considerable interest in augmenting the immunological effects of nanoparticle‐based phototherapies, which can yield durable and systemic antitumor responses. This review provides an overview of recent developments in using nanoparticle technology to achieve photo‐immunotherapy.
Litchi‐derived platinum group metal‐free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Mirshokraee Seyed Ariana , Muhyuddin Mohsin , Lorenzi Roberto , Tseberlidis Giorgio , Vecchio Carmelo Lo , Baglio Vincenzo , Berretti Enrico , Lavacchi Alessandro , Santoro Carlo
Published: March 2023

Within the framework of the circular economy, the waste litchi's skins were upgraded and transformed into electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The waste litchi's skins were pyrolyzed, activated, and then used as carbon support for fabricating metal–nitrogen–carbons (M–N–Cs) which belong to a promising class of platinum group metal‐free electrocatalysts. The activated char was functionalized with transition metal (Fe, Ni, and Co)‐ phthalocyanine (Pc) in monometallic and bimetallic fashion by subjecting it to a thermal treatment at 600 and 900°C. The samples functionalized at 900°C showed higher performance for HER due to the formation of metal nanoparticles, whereas the samples functionalized at 600°C showed higher performance for ORR. Particularly, sample Ni–Co 900 had an overpotential of −0.38 V for HER, while the sample Fe 600 was the most active electrocatalyst for ORR by demonstrating the onset potential of ∼0.9 V (a half‐wave potential of ∼0.81 V) with the least production of unwanted peroxide anion.
Network modeling helps to tackle the complexity of drug–disease systems
Authors: Recanatini Maurizio , Menestrina Luca
Published: March 2023

From the (patho)physiological point of view, diseases can be considered as emergent properties of living systems stemming from the complexity of these systems. Complex systems display some typical features, including the presence of emergent behavior and the organization in successive hierarchic levels. Drug treatments increase this complexity scenario, and from some years the use of network models has been introduced to describe drug–disease systems and to make predictions about them with regard to several aspects related to drug discovery. Here, we review some recent examples thereof with the aim to illustrate how network science tools can be very effective in addressing both tasks. We will examine the use of bipartite networks that lead to the important concept of “disease module”, as well as the introduction of more articulated models, like multi‐scale and multiplex networks, able to describe disease systems at increasing levels of organization. Examples of predictive models will then be discussed, considering both those that exploit approaches purely based on graph theory and those that integrate machine learning methods. A short account of both kinds of methodological applications will be provided. Finally, the point will be made on the present situation of modeling complex drug–disease systems highlighting some open issues.

This article is categorized under:

Neurological Diseases > Computational Models

Infectious Diseases > Computational Models

Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models
Ultrasonographic and radiographic evaluation of gestation in golden lanceheads (Bothrops insularis) in ex situ breeding programs
Authors: Garcia Viviane Campos , Amorim Lígia Grazziely dos Santos , Esteves Rhaiza Gama , de Carvalho‐e‐Silva Ana Maria Paulino Telles , de Almeida‐Santos Selma Maria
Published: March 2023

The golden lancehead (Bothrops insularis) is a critically endangered snake endemic to Queimada Grande Island, southeastern Brazil. Captive breeding programs are vital for the conservation of this species. This study evaluates the gestation of two females golden lanceheads using radiography and ultrasonography. The first female was collected on the island while reproductively active (late vitellogenesis or early pregnancy) and kept in captivity. This female gave birth to five neonates after an 8‐month gestation period, which is longer than estimates based on specimens preserved in museums. The second female copulated in captivity in July and probably ovulated in October. In this case, no embryonic development was detected, and the female deposited 14 undeveloped eggs approximately 6 months after ovulation.
Transnational Circulation of Home Through Objects: A Multisited Ethnography in Peruvian ‘Homes’
Authors: Pérez Murcia Luis Eduardo
Published: March 2023

What is the added value of visiting migrants’ current and previous houses when investigating the transnational circulation of home? This chapter addresses this question, drawing on ethnographic research in houses inhabited by Peruvian migrants in England and Spain and by their relatives in Peru. Through the analysis of how the domestic space is organised and how individuals interact with their everyday materialities we can better understand the transnational circulation of home. Some objects can help those living at both ends of a migration corridor to feel emotionally and symbolically connected. As my empirical findings show, ordinary materialities play multiple roles in keeping families connected across transnational spaces. Moreover, everyday materialities afford migrants to be connected not only to the family members who stayed put but also to those who passed away. More broadly, engaging with migrants and their significant others’ domestic spaces contributes to conceptualise transnational homemaking. By entering into people’s domestic space migration, researchers can better understand the emotional and even spiritual connections that migrants and those affected by the migration of others establish with those objects and with people that no longer dwell with them. In short, we can better understand the ‘secret life’ some individuals built with their objects.
Compatibility of Balanced and SKT Metrics on Two-Step Solvable Lie Groups
Authors: Freibert Marco , Swann Andrew
Published: March 2023

It has been conjectured by Fino and Vezzoni that a compact complex manifold admitting both a compatible SKT and a compatible balanced metric also admits a compatible Kähler metric. Using the shear construction and classification results for two-step solvable SKT Lie algebras from our previous work, we prove this conjecture for compact two-step solvmanifolds endowed with an invariant complex structure which is either (a) of pure type or (b) of dimension six. In contrast, we provide two counterexamples for a natural generalisation of this conjecture in the homogeneous invariant setting. As part of the work, we obtain further classification results for invariant SKT, balanced and Kähler structures on two-step solvable Lie groups. In particular, we give the full classification of left-invariant SKT structures on two-step solvable Lie groups in dimension six.
Auditory, tactile, and multimodal noise reduce balance variability
Authors: Carey Sam , Ross Jessica M. , Balasubramaniam Ramesh
Published: March 2023

Auditory and somatosensory white noise can stabilize standing balance. However, the differential effects of auditory and tactile noise stimulation on balance are unknown. Prior work on unimodal noise stimulation showed gains in balance with white noise through the auditory and tactile modalities separately. The current study aims to examine whether multimodal noise elicits similar responses to unimodal noise. We recorded the postural sway of healthy young adults who were presented with continuous white noise through the auditory or tactile modalities and through a combination of both (multimodal condition) using a wearable device. Our results replicate previous work that showed that auditory or tactile noise reduces sway variability with and without vision. Additionally, we show that multimodal noise also reduces the variability of sway. Analysis of different frequency bands of sway is typically used to separate open-loop exploratory (< 0.3 Hz) and feedback-driven (> 0.3 Hz) sway. We performed this analysis and showed that unimodal and multimodal white noise affected postural sway variability similarly in both timescales. These results support that the sensory noise effects on balance are robust across unimodal and multimodal conditions and can affect both mechanisms of sway represented in the frequency spectrum. In future work, the parameters of acoustic/tactile manipulation should be optimized for the most effective balance stabilization, and multimodal therapies should be explored for older adults with typical age-related balance instabilities.
Gluing constructions for Lorentzian length spaces
Authors: Beran Tobias , Rott Felix
Published: March 2023

We introduce an analogue to the amalgamation of metric spaces into the setting of Lorentzian pre-length spaces. This provides a very general process of constructing new spaces out of old ones. The main application in this work is an analogue of the gluing theorem of Reshetnyak for CAT(k) spaces, which roughly states that gluing is compatible with upper curvature bounds. Due to the absence of a notion of spacelike distance in Lorentzian pre-length spaces we can only formulate the theorem in terms of (strongly causal) spacetimes viewed as Lorentzian length spaces.
Progressive erythrocytosis under lenvatinib treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Legros Laurence , Pascale Alina , Guettier Catherine , Eftekhari Pirayeh , Merabet Yasmina Ben , Stang Maryse , Bossevot Rachel , Goldschmidt Emma , Ulusakarya Ayhan , Morisset Stephane , Lewin Maïté , Samuel Didier , Rosmorduc Olivier
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This manuscript reports on the occurrence of early and frequent erythrocytosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with lenvatinib.

Methods

A cohort of 23 patients with advanced HCC, treated with this antiangiogenic drug for at least one month, was retrospectively analyzed.

Results

These patients (82.7% men, median age 58.3, cirrhosis in 60.8%) were treated between October 2019 and September 2020 with lenvatinib, as first-line systemic therapy for 82.6% of them. For 20 patients (87%), an early and significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb) level, up to 1.41 g/dL (p < 0.001) was reported and remained elevated. Ten patients (43.5%), all men, reached erythrocytosis (Hb > 16.5 g/dL), 7 were treated with low-dose aspirin for primary thromboprophylaxis and 2 needed phlebotomy. None underwent thromboembolic complications. A significant Hb decrease was observed after treatment discontinuation (p < 0.05). Erythropoietin (EPO) serum levels also increased, which was attributed to HCC after immunostaining for EPO in liver biopsies. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale documented the relationship between erythrocytosis and lenvatinib and regression at treatment discontinuation. Erythrocytosis was hypothesized to be a class effect of anti-VEGF therapies, the magnitude of which might depend on the IC50 value of each molecule.

Conclusion

This report documents the frequent occurrence of erythrocytosis during lenvatinib treatment for advanced HCC, likely secondary to EPO secretion by tumor cells through the antiangiogenic activity levatinib. An early and close monitoring of hematologic parameters is, thus, recommended, together with thromboprophylaxis by low-dose aspirin and phlebotomy in case of symptomatic erythrocytosis.
Seasonal changes in plumage density, plumage mass, and feather morphology in the world’s northernmost land bird, the Svalbard Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea)
Authors: Nord Andreas , Holje Vidar , Judik Benjamin , Folkow Lars P. , Pap Péter L.
Published: March 2023

The Svalbard Rock Ptarmigan,Lagopus muta hyperborea,is the only year-round resident terrestrial bird in the high Arctic. Many of the physiological and morphological adaptations permitting its winter endurance in this harsh environment are well understood. However, it remains unknown how the conspicuous moult from a greyish brown summer to a white winter plumage, and any underlying changes in plumage structure and feather morphology, contribute to seasonal acclimatisation. We used standard morphometric techniques to describe the seasonal change in plumage and feather characteristics in six body regions. Then, we investigated whether winter plumage traits differed between first-winter and adult (second winter, or older) birds, because a difference in coat insulation has been suggested as an explanation for why first-winter Svalbard Ptarmigan loose more heat than adults. Plumage feather density (i.e., feathers × cm−2) and mass density (i.e., mg feathers × cm−2) were higher in winter, particularly on the head and feet where individual feathers were also heavier, longer, and downier. Seasonal changes in other regions (back, tarsi) indicated acclimatisation primarily to resist physical wear and wind. First-winter and adult birds had similar feather densities. However, mass density in first-winter birds was significantly lower than in adults in all but one body region (back) because individual feathers weighed less. This can explain previous observations of higher heat loss rates in first-winter birds. Our study suggests that plumage acclimatisation contributes to optimising the winter phenotype of Svalbard Rock Ptarmigan, both through higher insulative capacity and by improved resistance to harsh weather. The extent of these adaptations may be determined by the time or energy available for feather growth, exemplified here by inferior insulation in first-winter birds.
(De-)centralized health care delivery, surgical outcome, and psychosocial health of transgender and gender-diverse people undergoing vaginoplasty: results of a retrospective, single-center study
Authors: Koehler Andreas , Strauß Bernhard , Briken Peer , Fisch Margit , Riechardt Silke , Nieder Timo O.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Previous research on genital gender-affirming surgery lacked to build a framework that took various surrounding factors into account. E.g., transgender health care services are delivered in both centralized (by one interdisciplinary institution) and decentralized settings (by different medical institutions spread over several locations). The present study investigated the effects of different structural and clinical aspects of gender-affirming genital surgery on psychosocial outcomes.

Methods

We surveyed former transgender and gender-diverse people who completed a vaginoplasty between 2014 and 2018. 45 participants were included in the study. We calculated hierarchical linear regression analyses to assess the relationship between psychosocial outcome measures (gender congruence, mental health, quality of life) and different aspects of gender-affirming genital surgery (e.g., setting of service delivery). To address shortcomings regarding the small sample size, we applied a rigorous statistical approach (e.g., Bonferroni correction) to ensure that we only identify predictors that are actually related to the outcomes.

Results

A non-responder analysis revealed no systematic bias in the recruitment procedure. Treatment satisfaction was a significant predictor for gender congruence. Moreover, we found the setting of service delivery (centralized, decentralized) to predict psychological health and the physical health dimension of quality of life. The effect sizes of our models were moderate to high, and models explained up to 26% of the total variance with a power up to 0.83.

Conclusion

The present study is an exploratory attempt into the manifold relationships between treatment-related factors (e.g., aesthetic outcome), the setting of service delivery, and their effects on gender-affirming genital surgery.
Clinical study of a spray containing birch juice for repairing sensitive skin
Authors: Shu Xiaohong , Zhao Shizhi , Huo Wei , Tang Ying , Zou Lin , Li Zhaoxia , Li Li , Wang Xi
Published: March 2023

Sensitive skin is described as an unpleasant sensory response to a stimulus that should not cause a sensation. Sensitive skin affects an increasing proportion of the population. Sixty-seven participants who tested positive to lactic acid sting test were recruited and randomized into two groups to observe the clinical efficacy and safety of a new birch juice spray for repairing sensitive skin. One group used test spray A, while the other group used spray B as a control. Both groups were sprayed six times daily for 28 days. Noninvasive testing instruments were used to measure stratum corneum hydration, sebum content, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion and current perception threshold before and after using spray. Facial images were captured by VISIA-CR, and the image analysis program (Image‐Pro Plus) was used to analyze these to obtain the redness value of the facial skin. Moreover, lactic acid sting test scores and participants’ self-assessments were also performed at baseline, week 2 and week 4. Both sprays A and B significantly decreased the lactic acid sting test score, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and redness, while increasing the stratum corneum hydration. Compared to spray B, spray A increased sensory nerve thresholds at 5 Hz and decreased the transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and lactic acid sting test score. Sprays containing birch juice improved cutaneous biophysical properties in participants with sensitive skin.
A theoretical perspective on action consequences in action imagery: internal prediction as an essential mechanism to detect errors
Authors: Rieger Martina , Boe Shaun G. , Ingram Tony G. J. , Bart Victoria K. E. , Dahm Stephan F.
Published: March 2023

Acting in the environment results in both intended and unintended consequences. Action consequences provide feedback about the adequacy of actions while they are in progress and when they are completed and therefore contribute to monitoring actions, facilitate error detection, and are crucial for motor learning. In action imagery, no actual action takes place, and consequently, no actual action consequences are produced. However, imagined action consequences may replace actual action consequences, serving a similar function and facilitating performance improvements akin to that occurring with actual actions. In this paper, we conceptualize action imagery as a simulation based on internal models. During that simulation, forward models predict action consequences. A comparison of predicted and intended action consequences sometimes indicates the occurrence of action errors (or deviations from optimal performance) in action imagery. We review research indicating that action errors are indeed sometimes imagined in action imagery. These results are compatible with the view that action imagery is based on motor simulation but incompatible with the view that action imagery is solely based on abstract knowledge. The outlined framework seems suitable to cover a wide range of action imagery phenomena and can explain action imagery practice effects.
Quenching for the Future—In Memoriam of Sören Segerberg
Authors: Troell Eva
Published: March 2023

Sören Segerberg passed away on July 27, 2021 at the age of 78. Born in 1943 he graduated from Materials Science and Engineering at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1968 with a degree in metallurgical science. Sören Segerberg was a leading expert in the quenching area. From 1979 on and the next 25 years, he worked in research and development at the Institute for Engineering Technology Research (IVF, today RISE) in Gothenburg, Sweden. He was one of the initiators of the development and sale of IVF’s Quenchotest/ivf SmartQuench, an equipment for quality control of cooling curve measurement. He was also a contributor in the development of ASTM D6200 and ISO 9950.

During his time at RISE, many projects in the field of quenching were carried out involving cooling characteristics of quenchants, classification of quench oils and polymers as well as correlation between quenching characteristics of quenching media and hardness. In the early 90s, one focus lay on environmental adapted quenchants and methods. The work included spray-quenching with e.g. water/air-mixtures, fluidized bed and, of course, cooling in gas. The latter was an extensive part of the work, also including an equipment with an atmospheric furnace connected to a cold high-pressure gas cooling chamber.

Pressures up to 40 bar helium and up to 10 bar with nitrogen could be used. The aim was to study whether gas cooling could be used as an environmental adapted replacement for oil or salt cooling. Today the use of cooling in gas has substantially increased and has proven to be a sustainable alternative to liquid quenching, especially oils.
Clinical benefit of MAO-B and COMT inhibition in Parkinson’s disease: practical considerations
Authors: Regensburger Martin , Ip Chi Wang , Kohl Zacharias , Schrader Christoph , Urban Peter P. , Kassubek Jan , Jost Wolfgang H.
Published: March 2023

Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) are major strategies to reduce levodopa degradation and thus to increase and prolong its effect in striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission in Parkinson’s disease patients. While selegiline/rasagiline and tolcapone/entacapone have been available on the market for more than one decade, safinamide and opicapone have been approved in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Meanwhile, comprehensive data from several post-authorization studies have described the use and specific characteristics of the individual substances in clinical practice under real-life conditions. Here, we summarize current knowledge on both medication classes, with a focus on the added clinical value in Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, we outline practical considerations in the treatment of motor fluctuations and provide an outlook on ongoing studies with MAO-B and COMT inhibitors.
Scientific document processing: challenges for modern learning methods
Authors: Ramesh Kashyap Abhinav , Yang Yajing , Kan Min-Yen
Published: March 2023

Neural network models enjoy success on language tasks related to Web documents, including news and Wikipedia articles. However, the characteristics of scientific publications pose specific challenges that have yet to be satisfactorily addressed: the discourse structure of scientific documents crucial in scholarly document processing (SDP) tasks, the interconnected nature of scientific documents, and their multimodal nature. We survey modern neural network learning methods that tackle these challenges: those that can model discourse structure and their interconnectivity and use their multimodal nature. We also highlight efforts to collect large-scale datasets and tools developed to enable effective deep learning deployment for SDP. We conclude with a discussion on upcoming trends and recommend future directions for pursuing neural natural language processing approaches for SDP.
The association between rheumatoid arthritis and reduced estimated cardiorespiratory fitness is mediated by physical symptoms and negative emotions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Houge Ingrid Sæther , Hoff Mari , Videm Vibeke
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than healthy individuals. We sought to identify variables explaining the association between RA status and reduced CRF.

Methods

RA patients recruited from two Norwegian hospitals and blood donors recruited as controls filled in questionnaires about physical activity, physical symptoms, and psychological factors. Estimated CRF (eCRF) was calculated from non-exercise models. The relationship between RA status and reduced eCRF was explored with structural equation modelling. The latent variables physical symptoms (based on morning stiffness, joint pain, and pain in neck, back, or hips) and negative emotions (based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’s Depression score and Cohen’s perceived stress scale) were included as possible mediators between RA status and eCRF in separate and combined models adjusted for age and sex.

Results

Two-hundred-and-twenty-seven RA patients and 300 controls participated. The patients were older and had lower eCRF than controls (age- and sex-adjusted mean difference: 1.7 mL/kg/min, p=0.002). Both latent variables were significant mediators of the association between RA and reduced eCRF when included in separate models. The latent variables mediated 74% of the total effect of RA on eCRF in the combined model. Standardized coefficients: direct effect of RA -0.024 (p=0.46), indirect effect through physical symptoms -0.034 (p=0.051), and indirect effect through negative emotions -0.034 (p=0.039).

Conclusion

Both physical symptoms and negative emotions mediated the association between RA and reduced eCRF with similar effect sizes. To successfully increase CRF in RA patients, both physical and psychological factors should be addressed.

Key Points• The RA patients in the present study had 1.7 mL/kg/min lower mean estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) compared to healthy controls.• Mediation analysis demonstrated that physical symptoms and negative emotions mediated 74% of the total negative effect of RA on estimated CRF in a combined, adjusted model.• This suggests that both physical and psychological factors should be addressed when supporting RA patients in improving their CRF.