bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Start-ups in the Sultanate of Oman: Between Reality and Aspiration
Authors: Al-Hammadi Mohamed Hassan Ali , Al-Rahbiya Ohood Talib Said
Published: December 2024

Start-ups have received the necessary attention in the Omani legislator's mindset through high-level speeches (2020–2023) that prioritize innovative and technical project implementation. This emphasis stems from their importance in enhancing innovation indicators and positioning the Sultanate in advanced global ranks. The technical Start-ups offer added market value that may support the growth of the economy, contribute to the implementation of sustainable development strategies, enhance global commercial competitiveness, facilitate commercial transactions, improve productivity in industrial sectors, and keep up with the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the developments in artificial intelligence applications based on the knowledge economy. This is achieved through activating a strong partnership between the public and private sectors to support industrial and productive sectors, increase entrepreneurial activity in businesses, and thrive on both local and international levels. These Start-ups represent key opportunities for social and economic growth, generating job opportunities for skilled national professionals and aiming to achieve social welfare. Accordingly, the Omani legislator has sought to encourage research and investment in technology and innovation fields, considering Start-ups as one of the sources of non-oil national income diversification, as adopted in Oman Vision 2040. This vision underscores the importance of organizing the work of Start-ups and creating legislative policies to address their legal and financial challenges. The study focuses on identifying the legal framework for Start-ups in Oman. The study is divided into two sections: the first discusses the legal nature of Start-ups, while the second examines the emerging trends to empower them. The study concludes with several findings and recommendations, the most notable of which is the need for the Omani legislator to establish the legislative and regulatory frameworks for Start-ups in line with the country’s economic policy to achieve sustainability according to the 2040 economic vision.
AI-Driven Econometric Models for Legal Issues
Authors: Dokumacı Melis
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of econometric modeling, offering innovative tools to address complex legal issues involving predictive analysis, resource allocation, and policy evaluation. This research explores the application of AI-driven econometric models to legal challenges, focusing on areas such as contract enforcement, intellectual property disputes, and regulatory compliance. By integrating machine learning with traditional econometric techniques, these models enhance the precision and adaptability of legal forecasts and decision-making processes. Key methodologies include the use of natural language processing (NLP) for legal text analysis, deep learning for pattern recognition in case law, and game theory to evaluate strategic interactions in legal contexts. The study highlights the potential of AI to improve efficiency, reduce bias, and facilitate equitable outcomes in legal systems. Challenges such as data privacy, interpretability, and ethical considerations are also addressed. By bridging AI and econometrics, this research aims to provide a robust framework for advancing legal analytics, contributing to more informed policy-making and judicial processes.
Lived Experiences of Bureau of Fire Protection Firefighters in Baguio City Fire Station, Philippines
Authors: Primo Greselle , Collado Violeta
Published: December 2024

This study explores the experiences of firefighters at the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Baguio City, Philippines focusing on their well-being and the challenges they face in their demanding roles. By providing insights into their experiences, the study aims to enhance firefighter morale and inform the Baguio City government and educational institutions about the realities of fire service. Such understanding could encourage future volunteerism in firefighting, fostering a stronger community response to fire emergencies. Using a case study design, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observational methods. A purposive sampling method yielded 28 participants. Data collection involved distributing questionnaires at the fire stations following approval from the City Fire Marshal, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of the participants' experiences. The findings reveal that while firefighters enjoy camaraderie and community support, they also encounter significant stress stemming from heavy workloads, interpersonal conflicts, and insufficient resources. Coping strategies employed by firefighters include prayer, peer discussions, and seeking guidance from more experienced colleagues, demonstrating their resourcefulness in managing stress. These insights have broader implications for enhancing firefighter training programs and organizational policies, emphasizing the necessity for improved emotional support systems and resource allocation.
Geração Conectada
Authors: Costa Pinto dos Anjos Jamyle , Silva Lisboa Milena , Pedreira e Ataíde Figueiredo Camila , Regina Gomes de Queiroz Isabella
Published: December 2024

A adolescência constitui-se como um momento delicado da vida, sobretudo no que se refere à saúde mental, que vem sendo percebida como comprometida devido à vivência de novos modos de relação social, permeados pela fluidez e efemeridade da Modernidade Líquida e pela emergência do sentido de privacidade e desvalorização da esfera pública. Estas características refletem-se nas Redes Sociais Virtuais (RSV), que têm produzido efeitos diversos no desenvolvimento dos adolescentes e imposto padrões inalcançáveis para suas vidas. O presente artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, que teve como objetivo principal compreender a relação entre o uso de RSV e o sofrimento psíquico de adolescente na Contemporaneidade. Foram realizados grupos focais com adolescentes de uma Instituição particular de Ensino em Feira de Santana/BA, a partir dos quais foram construídas quatro categorias de análise. Neste trabalho, apresentaremos a categoria Sofrimento Psíquico; com subcategorias: 1) Toxicidade: discurso de ódio, extremismos, intolerâncias; e 2) O impacto dos padrões perfeitos e opiniões absolutas. Destaca-se a necessidade de estratégias de mediação virtual que contribuam para a socialização e para a busca de outros benefícios, bem como o cuidado com excessos e riscos que geram modos de sofrimentos intensos.
地方视角下的国有企业与民营企业协同发展研究——以广东省粤北地区Q市为例
Authors: 苏飏  , 黎欣  , 朱俊帆
Published: December 2024

党的十八大以来，国家积极推动所有制经济协同发展，强调国企与民企合作的重要性。民营企业对经济发展贡献巨大，但同时面临融资、创新等多方面制约；国有企业尽管具备资源优势，却存在体制僵化、市场响应迟缓等问题。在此背景下，如何协调国企与民企关系，成为地方经济治理的重要课题。本研究以广东省粤北地区Q市为例，通过案例分析和数据分析，深入剖析国企民企协同发展的现状。研究发现，尽管合作在一定程度上取得了进展，但仍处于起步阶段，面临合作质量不高、创新领域制度滞后、要素资源保障不足以及合作主体能力有待提升等问题。具体研究涵盖矿产资源开发、数字经济和农业现代化等重点领域，通过案例分析总结经验与问题。在此基础上，本研究提出以下对策建议：一是加快构建适应协同创新的制度环境；二是强化土地、资金、人才等要素资源的精准配置；三是提升国企民企协同发展的能力；四是培育壮大专业化民营企业队伍；五是拓展合作的深度和广度。研究旨在为地方政府提供科学决策依据，助力产业转型升级与经济高质量发展。
Sustainable urbanism and infrastructural development nexus in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Owoeye Julius Oluranti
Published: December 2024

This paper examines how infrastructural facilities provision has affected the urban development of Akure, Nigeria. The study adopts the survey research design (SRD) method to investigate the nexus with the aid of a structured questionnaire on sampled households, as well as personal interviews, observations and photos to narrate the existing situation. The average number of households in Akure was estimated at 95,232, of which 1 per cent (representing 952 households) were systematically sampled. Findings reveal unguided expansion in the growth of the city and uneven distribution of facilities across the city zones. The irregular population influx and increased urban sprawl experienced in the city has been attributed to the massive provision of infrastructural facilities in the recent past at the expense of rural contiguous settlements. Meanwhile, this uneven distribution of infrastructural facilities has significantly affected their functionality, as well as security, housing and transport systems within the city. To mitigate this, the study suggests a corresponding increase in the provision of facilities in the city and in the hinterlands to curb the incessant rural influx into the city. Also, as the city expands, the facilities need to be increased and maintained for maximum utilisation and functionality.
Indifferent coexistence in Dortmund-Hörde : How upper-middle-class newcomers and long-established working-class residents live side by side in a neighbourhood of contrasts
Authors: Gerwinat Verena
Published: December 2024

Attracting middle-class residents to disadvantaged neighbourhoods is still widely accepted and promoted as a strategy in urban regeneration by urban policy and planning professionals, even though the strategy has often been criticised for promoting the gentrification of these areas. In the traditional working-class district of Hörde in Dortmund, Germany, a closed-down steel mill has been replaced by a luxurious new housing development around an artificial lake. This paper proposes that the planned influx of upper-middle-class newcomers to this area has caused a spatial and social divide in the neighbourhood. The paper examines how winners and losers of structural change live side by side. It shows that interaction between newcomers and long-established working-class residents is extremely rare. Newcomers feel uncomfortable at being an affluent minority in a poor neighbourhood and withdraw into their private spheres around Lake Phoenix. Long-established residents, on the other hand, criticise the newcomers’ lack of interest in engaging with the neighbourhood. They have ambivalent feelings towards the transformation: even though they welcome Lake Phoenix as a project that improves environmental quality and the image of their neighbourhood, it makes them aware of their own social marginalisation. It is argued that this ambivalence prevents open conflicts between long-established residents and newcomers but at the same time increases social distance between the two groups. The findings from the Hörde case study support the thesis that middle-class-oriented urban regeneration leads to small-scale segregation instead of actual social mixing. Furthermore, this paper stresses the importance of the participative planning approach in the urban regeneration process to enable acceptance by the established community and identification with new-build developments.
Navigating the storm: How can insurers better prepare for the impact of climate change
Authors: Naseeb Hala
Published: December 2024

Climate change is forever changing the risk environment for insurers and their customers. A recent example of this is the intense storm witnessed by the people of Bahrain and around the region on the eve of 16th April, 2024. There were minimal preparations made by either insurers or their customers, resulting in severe disruptions to daily life and property damage. To mitigate this, insurers need risk management programmes that move beyond traditional solutions to deal with climate change. These risk management solutions must be varied to cover all aspects of an insurance operation and provide customer value. Solutions can be focused on changing policy cover terms, new product development, altered investment strategies, use of technology and innovation, and engagement with the public. There are challenges, however, such as the availability and credibility of data, affordability and social equity, uncertain regulations and rising costs. Yet, the consequences of not acting on climate change will be higher for insurers eventually.
Public Safety Challenges Faced by Barangay Officers and Police: Towards a Stronger Policy Framework
Authors: Villafuerte Arvin
Published: December 2024

This study examines public safety challenges and collaboration between Barangay Public Safety Officers and the National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO), aiming to enhance police-community partnerships and strengthen public safety measures in the National Capital Region. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from 45 barangay public safety officers and 45 NCRPO police officers through questionnaires. The study explored correlations between identified challenges and the effectiveness of public safety measures to propose an improved policy framework. Findings reveal high effectiveness in current public safety measures, supported by excellent police service delivery, strong local executive backing, and robust community partnerships. Respondents, predominantly middle-aged male college graduates, consistently perceived public safety measures positively across demographic categories. However, critical challenges persist in community engagement, organizational support, and policing strategies, reflecting systemic issues common to other regions and departments. A perfect linear correlation was found between these challenges and the effectiveness of public safety measures, underscoring their direct impact on overall performance. The study emphasizes addressing these challenges to enhance public safety outcomes and foster stronger police-community collaborations, providing valuable insights for policy improvements in the NCR
ANÁLISIS DE LAS PUBLICACIONES RELACIONADAS CON LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL EN SALUD: REVISIÓN BIBLIOMÉTRICA
Authors: Moreno-Sinisterra Mayra Alejandra
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: realizar una búsqueda y recopilación de manuscritos relacionados con la inteligencia artificial (IA) aplicada a la salud. Metodología: para realizar el análisis, se realizó la búsqueda en la base de datos Scopus, obteniendo 1813 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y se procesaron mediante la herramienta VoSViewer para la creación de mapas de co-ocurrencia y redes de acoplamiento bibliográfico. Los resultados muestran que Estados Unidos lidera la producción científica, seguido de India y Reino Unido, lo que refleja una fuerte relación entre la inversión en investigación y la generación de conocimiento. Las principales áreas de aplicación de la IA incluyen la oncología, la cardiología y la medicina personalizada, donde se han logrado avances importantes en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Las conclusiones destacan el potencial transformador de la IA en la salud, aunque se reconocen desafíos éticos y técnicos que deben abordarse para una adopción más amplia.
DIPLOMACIA COMERCIAL Y SU CONTRIBUCIÓN A LA SOSTENIBILIDAD ECONÓMICA EN PAÍSES EN DESARROLLO
Authors: LEÓN ORGE GUILLERMO CEDEÑO
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo explora el impacto de la diplomacia comercial como herramienta clave para promover el crecimiento económico sostenible en países en desarrollo. Se analizan los marcos teóricos y normativos que sustentan esta práctica, así como estudios de caso relevantes y análisis estadísticos que demuestran su efectividad en contextos diversos.
Presentación. El giro local
Authors: Carasa Soto Pedro
Published: December 2024

A los últimos giros lingüístico, cultural, microhistórico, de género, se ha unido recientemente el que se refiere al espacio histórico, llamado «giro local», «giro espacial» o «giro territorial». El problema territorial está en carne viva en el discurso histórico europeo en general, alemán y español en particular, fruto de la tensión entre lo global y lo local, entre los Estados-Nación y las regiones. El artículo pone el acento en el espacio local, como un ámbito cultural donde germina la experiencia histórica concreta, como un espacio vivido y habitado donde se forman las primeras identidades y desde donde los sujetos se perciben a sí mismos y al mundo. Una dimensión local, espacial o territorial que no se refiere al espacio de una localidad o a una perspectiva local, sino que es una concepción antropológica del espacio como construcción cultural propia de un sujeto en un tiempo y un lugar. Los mapas mentales, los lugares de memoria, los espacios vividos e imaginados, los mundos culturales de la patria chica, los territorios humanizados crean espacios culturales edificados históricamente con percepciones y representaciones de los sujetos conscientes que lo habitan, con valores e imaginarios vinculados a espacios y localidades, pero que acaban influyendo en todas las dimensiones. Se analiza lo local, no como escala de observación, sino como categoría analítica significativa, con capacidad explicativa propia, antropológica y no territorial, cultural y no espacial.
La cultura provincial en la formación de la identidad leonesa
Authors: Aguado Cabezas Elena
Published: December 2024

El proceso revolucionario abierto en los años treinta convirtió a las provincias y ayuntamientos, reformados con criterios liberales, en espacios fundamentales de desenvolvimiento de la ciudadanía, dentro del Estado liberal. Este trabajo indaga sobre el comportamiento de la comunidad provincial leonesa en ese proceso de construcción del nuevo liberalismo, tratando de valorar los contenidos del provincialismo leonés y como se modulan los elementos del presente y el pasado hasta desembocar en una propuesta regionalista.
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK RAPORLAMASI ÜZERİNE KURUMSAL YÖNETİM VE FİNANSAL PERFORMANS ETKİSİ: BIST SE’DE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: Konuşkan Ayşen , Bekci İsmail
Published: December 2024

Finansal performans, işletmelerin sürdürülebilirlik raporlama süreçlerine kaynak sağlama konusunda kapasitelerini arttırırken, kurumsal yönetim uygulamaları da raporlamanın kapsamı, doğruluğu ve güvenilirliği üzerinde belirleyici bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, finansal performans ve kurumsal yönetimin sürdürülebilirlik raporlaması üzerindeki etkilerini ele alarak, söz konusu ilişkiyi daha derinlemesine anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, 2015-2023 yıllarını kapsamakta ve BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksi’nde faaliyet gösteren işletmelerden oluşmaktadır. BIST SE'de düzenli olarak verileri mevcut olan 25 işletme çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında GRI G4 raporlama ilkelerine göre raporlarını hazırlayan işletmelerin sürdürülebilirlik raporlarında açıkladıkları ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal raporlara ilişkin sağladıkları bilgiler incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amaçları çerçevesinde seçilen veri seti üzerinden panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bağımlı değişkenler; Ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal raporlama puanlarıdır. Bağımsız değişkenler ise kurumsal yönetim ve finansal performans oranlarıdır.
Çalışma sonucunda; Ekonomik raporlama puanı ile yönetim kurulu üye sayısı, denetim komitesi üye sayısı, aktif kârlılık oranı, kaldıraç oranı, hisse başına kazanç, aktif büyüme oranı ve özsermaye kârlılık oranı değişkenleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Çevresel raporlama puanı ile yönetim kurulu üye sayısı, bağımsız yönetim kurulu üye sayısı, aktif büyüme oranı, özsermaye büyüme oranı, hisse başına kazanç ve PD/DD değişkenleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sosyal raporlama puanı ile yönetim kurulu üye sayısı, yönetim kurulundaki yabancı üye sayısı, bağımsız yönetim kurulu üye sayısı, aktif kârlılık oranı, aktif büyüme oranı, özsermaye kârlılık oranı, kaldıraç oranı ve hisse başına kazanç arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Validating the Relevance of CAMEL Model as Predictor of Perceived Financial Performance: An Empirical Study from Banking Sector
Authors: Abhishek Srivastava, Prof. Alok Kumar Rai,  , Prof. Audhesh Kumar, Dr. Akriti Jaiswal
Published: December 2024

Banking industry is the pivot around which the whole economy of a country revolves around. In India, banking industry play a great role and thus is one of the fastest growing industries. The Indian government has introduced various banking reforms, with the latest being the mega mergers of public sector banks. Due to such reforms many changes have been seen in this industry, be it financial or infrastructural. In this context, a study has been done to evaluate the financial performance of PNB, India’s Second largest public sector bank and ICICI, India’s second largest Private Sector Bank for the last 6 years from 2017-2018 to 2022-2023. The CAMEL model, a framework extensively used in the banking industry, is used in this study to perform an extensive comparison of two well-known banks functioning in India's vibrant financial ecosystem. Study is based on primary as well as secondary data collected from the annual reports of respective banks for the above-mentioned period. As per this study, it can be concluded that ICICI being a private player has been performing well in comparison to PNB. These comparison findings have major implications for Indian banking investors, regulators, and policymakers. In conclusion, the financial comparison utilizing the CAMEL model provides a good view on PNB and ICICI's strengths and weaknesses.
A Variational Auto-Encoder Method in Early Fault Alarm of Smart Meters
Authors: Yang Zhou , Peng Yuxiang , Jiang Wenqian , Pan Juntao , Li Yanfu
Published: December 2024

This study presents an effective solution for detecting faults early on in smart meters. The proposed method involves using a variational auto-encoder to evaluate the operational conditions of the meters by creating a variational feature state space matrix from the power consumption data. The use of a variational auto-encoder automates the generation of a state model, which allows for accurate detection of early faults. The method works by calculating a predefined state model and the state model, and comparing it to an self-generated threshold. This enables prompt alerts when issues are detected. The proposed approach has been experimentally validated and has shown better performance compared to a comparison method that relies on high-dimensional feature space. The accuracy rate of up to 91.67% has been achieved for alarming smart meter failures.
Optimizing Resource Scheduling for Multi-Scenario Mixed Service Groups under Edge Cloud-Native Environments Using Simulation Learning
Authors: Xiong Wei , Wang Xinying , Wotawa Franz , Hua Qiaozhi
Published: December 2024

The evolution of cloud and edge computing technologies has brought about resource management challenges. Traditional resource scheduling strategies fall short in dynamic cloud-edge environments, one of the challenges is identifying system state changes in multi-scenario edge cloud-native environments. The dynamic orchestration and deployment of container resources are crucial. To address this issue, we introduce a virtual environment, which generates interactions of multi-scenario mixed service groups. Furthermore, we proposed a multi-agent adversarial imitation learning approach, which is trained in the virtual environment. Experiments reveal that our approach, which is fully trained in the virtual mixed-service environment, results in no physical sampling costs and significantly outperforms traditional supervised approaches.
A Comprehensive Literature Review of Surgical Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries
Authors: Indra Hadi Rapmartua Ompusunggu  , Wahyu Agus
Published: December 2024

Background: The surgical management of rotator cuff injuries has evolved significantly over the past few decades, with numerous studies exploring various techniques and their efficacy. The early work by Hopstad (Hopstad, 1998) highlighted the importance of postoperative pain relief and the integrity of the rotator cuff in determining functional outcomes.  Literature Review: Early studies, such as those by (Hopstad, 1998) and (J. Kohns, 2000), established that while the size of the tear is important, the integrity of the repair is a more critical determinant of functional success. Kohns further emphasized the importance of early surgical intervention and the role of physical therapists in optimizing outcomes. Recent innovations, such as tissue engineering approaches discussed by (Maffulli et al., 2012), aim to address the limitations of natural healing, suggesting biomechanical strategies to enhance tendon repair. (French, 2018) explored the kinematic assessments of the thoracohumeral joint, revealing that intraoperative factors and postoperative rehabilitation compliance significantly impact recovery. (Emmanuel, 2018) examined surgical options for young, active patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears, advocating for tailored interventions based on demographic characteristics. (Kim et al., 2020) summarized current surgical options for patients with failed rotator cuff repairs, emphasizing the necessity of understanding which patients may benefit from revision surgery. Conclusion: In conclusion, the body of literature collectively underscores the importance of understanding the multifactorial nature of rotator cuff injuries and their surgical management. Factors such as repair integrity, timing of intervention, patient demographics, and rehabilitation strategies are critical in determining outcomes. Continued research and innovation are essential to refine surgical techniques and improve recovery for patients suffering from rotator cuff injuries.
Nuevas citas de Monomorium andrei Saunders, 1890 y Aphaenogaster striativentris Forel, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) en la provincia de Córdoba, España
Authors: Reyes-López Joaquín L. , Carpintero Ortega Soledad , Salido Delgado Ángela , Alarcón Azopardo Francisco
Published: December 2024

New records of Monomorium andrei Saunders, 1890 and Aphaenogaster striativentris Forel, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the province of Cordoba, Spain
Nuevo registro ibérico de Onychogomphus cazuma Barona, Cardo y Díaz, 2020 (Odonata, Gomphidae)
Authors: Bernal Arturo , Conesa Miguel , Barco Juan Carlos , Waldhauser Martin , Teruel Montejano Santiago
Published: December 2024

New Iberian record of Onychogomphus cazuma Barona, Cardo y Díaz, 2020 (Odonata, Gomphidae)
USE OF WATER RESOURCES AT THE TERRITORY OF ARMENIA BY THE PALEOLITHIC POPULATION
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Gasparyan Boris , Artur Artur ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Armenia, Melikyan Varduhi ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Haydosyan Hayk ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Adigyozalyan Ani ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Arakelyan Dmitri ,   Institute of Geological Sciences, Nahapetyan Samvel ,   Independent researcher, Glauberman Philip ,   The Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution
Published: December 2024

Exploitation of water resources is one of the most important elements of the landscape organization and life supporting strategy of ancient societies, which however has never been the subject of a separate study. In this article we undertook an attempt to outline certain patterns of relations of the ancient inhabitants of Armenia with water bodies, based on geomorphological and paleoenvironmental reconstructions in comparison with the data obtained from the study of the archaeological sources. The implemented study shows the role of water for shaping the lifeways of ancient hunter-gatherers as one of the primary and crucial factors in the formation of landscape organization strategies of primitive societies. Particularly, it is obvious that the Paleolithic inhabitants of Armenia organized their activities along river nets and embankments of paleolakes, which was related with everyday use of drinking water, for toolstone raw materials procurement and for the search of effective ways of hunting. In general, water consumption traditions in Armenian Highlands were established during the Paleolithic Period and were transformed into special concepts and worldviews as a result of evolution of the similar activities developed by the later societies.
Management of Water Resources in Medieval Armenia Based on the Archaeologial and Epigraphic Sources (Several Examples of Combination)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Gasparyan Boris , Petrosyan Artur ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Haydosyan Hayk ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Adigyozalyan Ani ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Arakelyan Dmitri ,   Institute of Geological Sciences, Grigoryan Avetis ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography
Published: December 2024

The economic development of Medieval Armenia includes periods of rise and degradation, depending on which the volumes and balance of the economy changed. However, even in the case of a decline in economic life and commodity turnover, water and the management of irrigation systems continued to play a key role in maintaining the socio-economic potential of the country.

The progress of the medieval economy of Armenia was directly related to the development of cities and city-type settlements, royal and monastic economies, and the increase in the volume of trade and goods circulation. Moreover, Armenian cities, monasteries, manor and community farms were engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding and had their own horticultural zones. In other words, the traditions of creation, operation and care of water distribution systems, originated still during the Prehistoric period and the period of the Van Kingdom, continued in the Classical and Medieval periods: old canals and reservoirs were renovated and reactivated, and new ones were built.

In parallel with the archaeological data on the medieval irrigation systems of Armenia, written sources and especially epigraphic inscriptions also provide important information. Hundreds of epigraphic inscriptions are known in the territory of the Republic of Armenia, which refer to the construction, repair, donation or other circumstances related to the use of a canal, stream, reservoir, spring, mill. In this article, an attempt is made to combine the data of archaeological monuments and epigraphic inscriptions representing water-distribution systems, which allows to fully understand the place and role of water in the life and economy of the medieval society of Armenia.
Evidence of Water Use in Epigraphic Inscriptions of Aragatsotn
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Manucharyan Ashot
Published: December 2024

The rich epigraphic heritage of the Aragatsotn region includes more than one and a half dozen inscriptions related to the use of water, which are dated from 783 to 1707. Those inscriptions were divided by us into two groups. In the first one we included the inscriptions that tell about construction of water pipelines, ditches, their restoration, as well as building of a reservoir and a mill. The second group includes inscriptions attesting to the regulations of water use.

The Aruch inscription of 867 is of exceptional value. It attests on a clash between three neighboring villages - Avan, Aruch and Gavarn - over the use of water. These villages were in the possession of the Armenian commander-in-chief, later king Smbat I Bagratuni (890–914). The conflict was fairly settled by Grigor Varamyan, the official of Smbat Bagratuni, according to the previously officially defined norms. The inscription ends with a sentence that is not found in the epigraphic sources known to us: violators will be executed by Smbat.
Reflection of Problems Related to Irrigation in the Folklore of the Armenians of Gardman
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Gyulumyan Gevorg
Published: December 2024

The present research is dedicated to investigation of irrigation systems of Gardman. Also the circumstances of their presence or absence are considered in various settlements of the region, according to folklore material. Most of those materials remain unpublished. The present investigation has a number of features. Particularly it represents the region under consideration from ethnographic and folkloristic point of view for the first time. Despite the existing problems, it includes a pretty big amount of information considering the issue.
The Significance of the Construction of the Shirak Canal and its Reflection on Folklore
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Galstyan Hasmik
Published: December 2024

The Shirak plain is a region with fertile soils and favorable climatic conditions for agriculture, the first evidence of which is known from the story reported by the historian Movses Khorenatsi on the gluttonous Shara and Shirak granaries. Since the 13th century the region with ancient irrigation traditions, gradually turned into a desert. During the tsarist rule, and after the Sovietization of Armenia, the issue of extracting water from Akhuryan for irrigation purposes was repeatedly raised, which was realised only in 1922–1925, with the construction of the Shirak Canal.

The construction of the Shirak Canal was a significant event for Soviet Armenia. After Sovietization, Armenia, exhausted by the severe consequences of the First World War, partially solved the problem of irrigation of the Shirak field, which contributed to the development of the regional economy. With the opening of the canal, the cultivation of sugar beet was started in the region, and the volume of grain cultivation expanded.

The Shirak Canal became one of the valuable symbols of Soviet Armenia and turned into a propaganda tool. It indicated the activities of the Bolsheviks, the foundations of Soviet Armenia, being built by the hands of workers and peasants.

The construction of the Shirak Canal is reflected not only in fiction, but also in folklore. Some stories related to the canal have acquired folkloric characteristics, and most of the conversations correspond to archival documents. Samples of lyrical folklore were created among the peasantry until the 1980s.
Past and Present Irrigation Opportunities in Kessab District
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Tcholakian Hagop
Published: December 2024

In the Kessab region, the arable lands and gardens were not irrigated, in difference to vegetable gardens and nurseries. Spring water and rainwater were collected in various basins and from there they were distributed through streams opened on earth, stone and logs. Many did not have vegetable gardens. Some vegetables were grown in pots placed in the yard and irrigation water was brought by shoulder.

In the 1970s, electricity became available, which fundamentally changed the possibilities of water use and irrigation. Apple and peach orchards also began to be irrigated. The villager opened artesian wells through his own resources, built his own reservoirs in his land or procured irrigation water for his gardens and vegetable gardens with large cisterns. Now the method of drip irrigation is spreading.
Irrigation System on the Armenian-Azerbaijan Border. The Case of Berkaber (Joghaz) Water Reservoir (Tavush Region)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Armenia, Saratikyan Ani , Dalalyan Tork ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography
Published: December 2024

The construction of artificial reservoirs in the Armenian Highland for the purpose of efficient water resource utilisation has been of great importance in the organisation of the economy since ancient times. The creation of artificial irrigation systems gained new momentum in the 20th century, reaching its peak during the Soviet era, when the Shirak canal, Arpa-Sevan water tunnel, Aparan, Akhuryan, Azat, Joghaz (Berkaber) reservoirs, etc. were constructed.

The 60th anniversary of the Sovietization of Armenia was marked by the opening of a border reservoir in the village of Berkaber, the construction of which received significant attention in the Soviet Union. However, due to the first Artsakh war (1991-1994), the water supply system of this reservoir with the symbolic name Berkaber (“harvest-bringer”) was completely destroyed and ceased to contribute to the productivity of the surrounding gardens. For present, the reservoir has become a symbol of Armenian-Azerbaijani former friendship and current enmity. From an ethnographic perspective, Berkaber reservoir is of interest to some extent, but it is also noteworthy that its construction once became an occasion for new archaeological discoveries. The findings unearthed during the construction phase were incorporated into the collections of the History Museum of Armenia and the Berkaber village museum, which was established in parallel with the reservoir's construction.
"Alalu Songs and the Image of Astghik": Traits of Organization of Irrigated Agriculture in Ancient Vaspurakan
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Bobokhyan Arsen
Published: December 2024

The present work reveals the mechanisms of formation of irrigated agricultural landscapes in ancient Armenia, refers to the features of their ritualization, taking the area of historical Vaspurakan as a case study. Moreover, Vaspurakan is chosen as a research target not only because the most important data on the irrigated agricultural landscape of the region originate from here, but also because it is the key zone of the first highly organized society of the Armenian Highland, the kingdom of Urartu, a society that greatly contributed to the history of organization of irrigated agricultural areas at the interregional level.

Written (cuneiform, Armenian) and archaeological data restore a stable model of organization of the irrigated agricultural area for the Armenian Highland, the semantic bundle of which consists of the following elements: the construction of a canal by the initiative of the elite (bringing water from the high mountainous regions) – creation of a fertile zone (garden, field, meadow) – construction of cultic structures (statue, tower) - ceremonies accompanied by ritual songs and sacrifices.

Based on archaeological data of recent years, related to the research of dragon stones placed at the sources of irrigation systems, the roots of this model can be traced back to the early agricultural societies.

It becomes clear that the organization of the agricultural landscape, regardless its being communal or state-oriented, has always been accompanied by ritual practices, which legitimized = sanctified the economic initiative.
Mythological Dragon and the Emergence of Irrigation Systems
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Dalalyan Tork
Published: December 2024

In the mythical conceptions and beliefs of different peoples of the world, dragon is the embodiment of the chthonic - uncontrollable and disastrous forces of nature. In essence, dragon is an anti-system by its nature and opposes the cosmic order and rule, nevertheless many myths link the origin of irrigation systems to the mythological dragon. The latter is a fictional creature in the form of various animals, which digs the bed of future canals/rivers with its tail, body or horn. Thus, this paper considers the narrowest, very archaic embodiment of the phenomenon of “dragon”, and accordingly, with the help of relevant myths, an attempt is made to restore the common mythologeme, supposedly constituting the base of all of them. The image of the dragon in fairy tales and epics is not considered, because in them we are already dealing with a completely different, transformed and “modernized” image. The mythological dragon is a priori neither a negative nor a positive figure/character; it is an uncontrollable force that can be harnessed and directed along a purposeful path. In the perfect version of the myth, this taming is done by a human or anthropomorphic supernatural being who uses the wild power of the dragon for good. In this case, we are talking about the irrigation systems necessary for developed agriculture, the emergence of which has been likened to the emergence of a natural irrigation systems (rivers, lakes, etc.). Therefore, it is not surprising that the same myth and its main character, the dragon, should be at the “origins” of both.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SYNERGISTIC INTERACTIONS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY FROM WASTEWATER THROUGH STRUVITE CRYSTALLIZATION
Authors: Povar I. , Spynu O. , Vishnevsky A.
Published: December 2024

The paper emphasizes the importance of synergistic interactions in the phosphorus
recovery process, making struvite a preferred choice due to its nature as a complex mineral containing two
cations. The developed thermodynamic approach to studying chemical and synergistic equilibria in
homogeneous and heterogeneous multi-component systems is applied to determine the optimal
concentrations of wastewater components for maximum struvite precipitation. Various possible chemical
interactions in aqueous solutions are considered, including hydrolysis of metal ions, protonation of ligands,
and complex formation, with a focus on the influence of pH on thermodynamic functions. The amount of
struvite formed is estimated based on thermodynamic parameters, initial concentrations, and the pH of the
solution. The study covers the thermodynamic aspects of struvite precipitation at pH values ranging from 7
to 11, taking into account the presence of complexing agents that facilitate the binding of heavy metals into
stable complexes. The proposed approach can be extended to more complex systems involving additional
complexation reactions.
TESTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FROM RECYCLED WASTES
Authors: Khamidullaev Bakhrom Narzullayevich , Badalov Feruz Amirovich , Jabborov Ergash Yusufugli , Nurmukhamedov Ibrokhim Sunatullaevich
Published: December 2024

The main one of the few ways to satisfy the needs and requirements of the construction industry, regarding the types and quality of materials, is the processing of waste from the metallurgical, chemical and energy industries, extracted products and the enrichment of processing waste, mineral raw materials, and secondary resources. The purpose of the tests was to study conducting research to study the suitability of secondary tailings for the manufacture of various types of building materials. One of the surest solutions to industrial waste problems is the introduction of waste-free technologies. Effective disposal of man-made waste will significantly reduce the load on the ecosystem and the cost of finished products of manufactured building materials. One of the surest solutions to industrial waste problems is the introduction of waste-free technologies.
CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF POSTURAL ABNORMALITIES IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN
Authors: Afzal Mamoona Tasleem , Zaman Muhammad Aamir , Anwar Muhammad , Siddique Hamza , Ijaz Hafiza Nimra , Ahmad Israr
Published: December 2024

Background: Postural abnormalities, including Forward Head Posture (FHP), lumbar lordosis, and kyphosis, are increasingly prevalent among young adults, particularly those in academic settings. Contributing factors such as sedentary lifestyles, suboptimal ergonomics, and reduced physical activity have exacerbated these issues globally. Despite growing awareness, limited regional research exists on postural abnormalities and their associated factors, especially in South Asia. This study focuses on young male students in Punjab, Pakistan, to address this critical public health concern.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of postural abnormalities and their associations with age, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity among young male students in Punjab, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2024 across multiple academic institutions in Punjab. A total of 500 male students aged 18–25 years were selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection included demographic surveys, BMI measurements, and physical activity assessments using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Postural abnormalities, including FHP, lumbar lordosis, and kyphosis, were evaluated using photogrammetry and a spinal mouse device. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 28, with Pearson’s correlation and logistic regression models applied to explore associations.
Results: The prevalence of FHP was 86.4%, making it the most common abnormality, followed by lumbar lordosis (72.8%) and kyphosis (40.6%). Participants with FHP had an average BMI of 24.5 kg/m² and a mean age of 20.8 years. Higher BMI correlated with lumbar lordosis (mean BMI = 23.7 kg/m², p < 0.01), while physical inactivity was significantly associated with kyphosis (p < 0.05). Participants aged 20–23 years exhibited the highest rates of abnormalities, with 82% falling into this age group.
Conclusion: Postural abnormalities are highly prevalent among young male students in Punjab, with FHP as the leading issue. Significant associations with BMI and physical activity levels suggest the need for targeted preventive measures and lifestyle interventions. Public health strategies must prioritize awareness and correctional programs for this vulnerable population.
ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR PERI-IMPLANT MUCOSITIS AND PERI-IMPLANTITIS
Authors: Siddiqui Adnan Saeed , Abidullah  , Haroon Muhammad , Rahim Abid
Published: December 2024

Background: Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are common inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding dental implants. Peri-implant mucositis involves inflammation confined to the soft tissues, while peri-implantitis leads to both soft tissue inflammation and progressive bone loss. The increasing prevalence of these conditions presents significant challenges in restorative dentistry, necessitating effective management strategies to preserve implant health and longevity. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment plans are critical to mitigating disease progression and maintaining optimal clinical outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various non-surgical and surgical treatments for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, focusing on clinical outcomes such as probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BoP). Additionally, the study sought to provide evidence-based recommendations for optimal dental practices.
Methods: The study reviewed data from recent clinical trials and comparative studies examining the outcomes of mechanical debridement, adjunctive antimicrobial therapies, and surgical interventions such as implantoplasty and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Treatment effectiveness was assessed based on reductions in PD and BoP over follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 12 months. Success rates and recurrence rates were also analyzed to determine the long-term stability of different approaches.
Results: Non-surgical treatments achieved significant improvements, with mechanical debridement combined with chlorhexidine reducing PD from 4.0 mm to 2.8 mm and decreasing BoP by 57% within 6 months. Diode laser therapy showed smaller PD reductions (3.6 mm to 3.0 mm) but a 62% BoP improvement over 3 months. Surgical interventions demonstrated superior outcomes, with implantoplasty and GBR reducing PD by 2.5 mm (5.5 mm to 3.0 mm) and decreasing BoP by 75% (80% to 20%) over 12 months. Recurrence rates were lower for surgical treatments (10% over 2 years) compared to non-surgical methods (25-35% within 1-2 years).
Conclusion: Individualized treatment plans are essential for managing peri-implant conditions effectively. Non-surgical therapies are effective for early-stage disease, while surgical interventions are necessary for advanced cases. Long-term success depends on integrating these approaches with regular follow-up care and patient education. A comprehensive, evidence-based strategy is critical for optimizing patient outcomes and ensuring implant longevity.