bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE LOW MOTIVATED FACTORS IN EXTENSIVE READING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Nurhadi Kardi , Larasaty Gina
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study is to explain what are low motivated factors  in extensive reading achievement. It is based on the problems that some students had a low motivation in extensive reading, and they had a problem with their motivation. The bad effect of that problems the students are lazy to read in or out of the classroom. To achieve the purpose of study, the writer used case study with the design descriptive case study. The research participants took from the students from the second semester who took the extensive reading class at English Department University of Wiralodra Indramayu. To get the data, the writer used questionnaire, observation and interview. The findings showed that there was an equal percentage 21 % who said that reading ability and attitudes toward reading as the factors made them low motivated in extensive reading. In line the findings, Day and Bamford (1998: 29) revealed that low level reading abilities would normally lower expectations of success and thus lower motivation to read. And then,26 % of students said that sociocultural environment made them low motivate in extensive reading. The last, the highest percentage was 32 % who said that materials made the students low motivated in extensive reading. Regarding the research findings, the lecturer should create an interesting and meaningful materials to increase students motivation and achievement in extensive reading.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PEER CORRECTION TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ EXPOSITION TEXT
Authors: Rachmawati Dina , Juniardi Yudi , Fauziah Zahra
Published: February 2019

This research aimed to: 1) analyze quality of students’ exposition text; 2) analyze their responses towards learning writing exposition text using peer correction technique; and 3) find out challenges that they faced during the learning. Qualitative research method, especially document analysis design, was chosen. In this research, students’ texts were analyzed to answer first research question and open-ended questionnaire was given to students to answer second and third research questions. To triangulate the findings from those instruments, peer debriefing and member checks methods were done. To analyze the data, qualitative data analysis by Miles et al. (2014) was employed. The data analysis revealed that: 1) quality of students’ exposition texts improved, especially in generic structure aspect; 2) students mostly grouped themselves with more competent peers, learned lesson material beforehand as preparation for correcting, used both English and Indonesian when correcting, concerned more about language feature of peers’ texts, employed their critical thinking in processing feedbacks, became a better writer in the end of semester, and still preferred teacher correction over peer correction technique; and 3) students biggest challenge was poor writing skill. From those findings, it is highly recommended that teachers who want to apply this technique should thoughtfully group the students by themselves and give any assistance needed by students as probably their writing skill may impede them in giving meaningful feedback.
SOCIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SLANG USED BY THE CHARACTERS IN STEP UP 2 THE STREETS MOVIE
Authors: Meinawati Euis , Dewi Nurmala , Rachmawati Dina
Published: February 2019

The objective of this research is to know the function of  the usage of slang, especially slang used by the characters of Step Up 2 The Streets movie. The method of this research used descriptive qualitative method, the data were collected through observation of the movie, analysis of slang in the dialogue, and analysis sociological properties of slang based on the dialogues. Defining the sociological properties of slang and analyzing the most frequent of properties used are taken from the theory of Mattiello. Analyzing the purposes of using slang in a community is taken from the theory of  Victor and Dalzel. The result of this research are: (1) From 31 sociological properties are known, only 14 properties used in the movie, following: ‘Color’, ‘Efficiency’, ‘Group-Restriction’, ‘Informality’, ‘Subject-Restriction’, ‘Orality’,  ‘Musicality’,  ‘Aggressiveness’, ‘Unconventionality’, ‘Offenciveness’  ‘Desire to Impress’, ’Hybridism’, ‘Localism’, ‘Secrecy’, (2) The most frequent of sociological properties is ‘colour’, (3) The purposes of using slang are: to enrich the language, to induce friendliness or intimacy, to prove that someone did not belong to a certain society, and to be secret.
TEACHING SPEAKING USING A “SNAKE AND LADDER” BOARD GAME: A TEACHER STORY
Authors: Arfani Sri , Sulistia Atika
Published: February 2019

The objective of this research is to know how the implementation of Teaching Speaking Using a “Snake and Ladder” Board Game to the students in an English class of a private schools in a Jakarta. Employing descriptive study, the English teacher made her story from her classroom. The data of the research included on-site-observation and recording. The results show that (1) using a snake and ladder board game is potential to promote students’ eagerness to speak within the peers, (2) despite of some difficulties, students seem enjoy the learning, and (3) a “friendly’ learning atmosphere was established. Keywords: teaching speaking, Snake and Ladder, fun Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memotret mengajar berbicara Bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan Papan Permainan “Ular Tangga”. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sebuah sekolah di Klender,  Jakarta. Data diperoleh melalui observasi kelas saat proses belajar mengajar dan juga hasil rekaman. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa: (1) mengajar berbicara dalam bahasa inggris menggunakan papan permainan “ular tangga” dapat memfasilitasi siswa berbicara bahasa inggris, (2) Siswa menjadi aktif dan menikmati suasana belajar bahasa inggris, dan (3) dengan pembelajaran menggunakan papan permainan “ular tangga” terbukti dapat menciptakan suasana yang bersahabat antara guru dan siswa. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran berbicara, permainan ular tangga, menikmati
PENGARUH SELF SERVICE TECHNOLOGY (ISST) TERHADAP KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS : DENGAN MEDIASI RELATIONAL BENEFITS
Authors: Wismantoro Yohan
Published: February 2019

Penerapan layanan mandiri berbasis teknologi dalam penyampaian layanan telah berkembang pesat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, namun pemahaman tentang mempertahankan konsumen dan kepuasan pelanggan dalam konteks seperti itu terbatas. Makalah ini mengusulkan kerangka konseptual yang memanfaatkan konstruksi manfaat relasional untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara atribut teknologi self-service berbasis internet, loyalitas pelanggan dan kepuasan. Hasil studi empiris yang menggunakan dua konteks dan mendukung model dimediasi. Artinya, manfaat kepercayaan memediasi dampak pengendalian dan kinerja yang dirasakan pada loyalitas dan kepuasan pelanggan, sedangkan manfaat perlakuan khusus memediasi hubungan efisiensi dan kenyamanan dengan loyalitas pelanggan dan kepuasan. Kata Kunci: Retensi Pelanggan; Kesetiaan Pelanggan; Manfaat Relasional; Berbasis Teknologi Swalayan
Impossible Liaisons? Genre and Feminist Film Criticism
Authors: Paszkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

This chapter traces how, traditionally, feminist analyses of films authored by women tended to centre on experimental or art-house cinema and, subsequently, on genres culturally codified as ‘female’. It then goes on to engage with the most important debates around the concept of ‘women’s cinema’ and their significance in relation to genre theory. In particular, Alison Butler’s insights into women’s cinema as ‘minor cinema’, adapted from Deleuze and Guattari’s (1975) concept of the minor – as an alternative to the negative aesthetics of counter-cinema – is particularly apt here, as it allows for a reconsideration of women’s film authorship in mainstream productions and the ‘major’ language of film genres. Following and expanding this concept, it is argued that genres can be particularly productive spaces from which to think about female filmmakers, film authorship and the cultural politics of gender (especially in terms of the status of the woman author or her lack of status), as will be explored in the following chapters. Finally, instead of locking women filmmakers into a segregated gender sphere defined by ‘women’s culture’, the chapter argues for the mutability of gendered identities and questions the oversimplified notion of gender-to-gender cinematic identification – a typical assumption underpinning the categorisation of genres by gender – and suggests that ‘opportunities for resistance are more available than the opposition between “dominant cinema” and “counter-cinema” allows’ (Cook 2012: 33).
Genre in the Margins: Kelly Reichardt’s Meek’s Cutoff
Authors: Paszkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

In view of the historical co-implication of popular genres and the Hollywood film industry, it might be expected that the latter should be at the vanguard of women’s genre filmmaking. Yet women directors who draw on genre cinema might, in fact, be proportionally more numerous in American independent cinema. One such director who builds in various ways on popular genres (in particular, the Western and the road movie) is Kelly Reichardt. This chapter asks, thus, what it means for a woman to use a popular genre in an independent filmmaking context. It shows how Reichardt’s authorship and biographical legend are constructed in close relation to the processes of legitimisation of independent cinema, conceptualised discursively in opposition to Hollywood (and genre). The second part of the chapter focuses specifically on Meek’s Cutoff (2010) – a Western film which was incorporated into the auteurist discourse of resistance towards genre and exceptional individual achievement. It will be argued that, while Meek’s Cutoff seems to be diametrically opposed to genre cinema, since it offers a radical revision of the Western genre conventions, it also draws on the productive potential of generic logic based on variation within reiteration (Neale 1980).
Genre on the Surface: Sofia Coppola’s Marie Antoinette
Authors: Paszkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

Sofia Coppola, one of the most visible indie directors in recent years, is clearly embedded in the ‘commerce of auteurism’ (Corrigan 1991), as she actively participates in constructing her public image. Building on existing scholarship on the filmmaker as illustrative of the new critical paradigm in studies of women’s film authorship, the first section of this chapter looks at the promotional and critical discourses surrounding her films to trace the various processes of authentication and de-authentication of Coppola as an auteur (family connections, the privileged position in the American film industry, her filmmaking style marked by a focus on flat affects and the mise-en-scène’s surface details, as well as her interest in postfeminist/neoliberal femininity which has divided critics, especially with her 2013 feature film, The Bling Ring). In the exploration of Coppola’s authorial status, the chapter sheds light on the issue of genre, arguing that her engagement with familiar conventions is far more complex than current analysis of her work has acknowledged. This is particularly evident in the case of Marie Antoinette (2006), a film which has been read variably as a costume drama and/or as a historical biopic. In establishing a dialogical relationship between biopic and costume drama scholarship, the chapter centres on self-conscious devices deployed in Coppola’s film, which are mobilised not against but through a logic of a feminised consumerist culture. The aim is not to reject the supposed ‘feminising’ aspects of the costume drama or to masculinise them in framing the film as a ‘self-conscious’ biopic, but rather to investigate the gender anxieties that underlay the labelling of genres by film criticism.
What a Woman Wants? Nancy Meyers’s The Intern
Authors: Paszkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

This chapter focalises on Nancy Meyers, arguably the most successful woman filmmaker of all time. It shows how Meyers’s carefully composed mise-en-scène and the portrayal of privileged women protagonists contribute to a critical alignment between the director and her films, and at the same time how they are used to demonstrate Meyers’s lack of credibility as an auteur (a reading strategy which often impacts other women directors, such as Sofia Coppola, as analysed in Ch. 5). This analysis is framed within the broader discussions of auteurism, the generic conventions of the romcom and the so-called feminisation of mass culture (Husseyn 1986, Hollows 2005), as well as the cultural, critical and industrial gendering of genres. The remainder of the chapter offers an examination of The Intern (2015). The film has been dubbed as ‘a romantic comedy without the romance’, and it indeed draws on several of its generic conventions: romance’s narrative stages, the presence of the ‘wrong partner’, the sense of ‘belonging together’, and bromantic elements which allow for a rethinking of the gendering of genres. The detailed analysis of the film reveals Meyers’s self-reflexive strategies – rich discursive histories engendered by the presence of stars Robert De Niro and Anne Hathaway, among others – that invoke issues of central importance in this book: the question of female authorship in a male-dominated film industry, and the heritage and evolution of genre in the Hollywood context.
Introduction
Authors: Coppens Pieter
Published: February 2019

The introduction contextualizes the main question and ambitions of the work. It contains a review of relevant literature on Sufi tafsīr and on Sufi eschatology, and a discussion of the key concepts and terms of the study.
Sufi Qurʾan Commentaries: The Rise of a Genre
Authors: Coppens Pieter
Published: February 2019

This chapter discusses the historical background of the rise of the genre of Sufi commentaries on the Qurʾan in 5th/11th-century Nishapur. It chronologically introduces the five authors that are central to this study: Sulamī, Qushayrī, Daylamī, Maybudī and Rūzbihān al-Baqlī. After highlighting the most important facts from their biographies and placing them within their broader circles of influence, it discusses their works of tafsīr and the hermeneutical practices that they proposed and defended in these works. Based on this analysis it is concluded that it is legitimate to consider these works as part of a ‘genre’ of Sufi tafsīr that takes al-Sulamī’s tafsīr as its collective reference point.
The First Boundary Crossing: Adam Descending
Authors: Coppens Pieter
Published: February 2019

After having covered the “ultimate” boundary crossing and having established the God-centeredness and focus on nearness and vision of the Sufi hereafter, this chapter focusus on discussions of the first boundary crossing: Adam’s banishment from Paradise. It shows the importance of the idea of the loss of primordial Paradise in Sufi eschatology. Firstly, it shows why Adam ‘had’ to be banished in the thought of the commentators: how do they interpret it to fit within God’s larger (eschatological) plan with humankind, and how do they deal with questions of predestination and theodicy related to it? Secondly, it shows what these authors exactly held to be ‘lost’ by the banishment: what constitutes the yearning to Paradise during this-worldly life? What do Sufis hope to regain? Is it indeed the typical Sufi-eschatological themes of nearness to and vision of God?
Arinī: Declined at the Boundary?
Authors: Coppens Pieter
Published: February 2019

This chapter focuses on the discussion of Moses’ request to God to see Him (Q7:143) in the Qur’an commentaries. It hsows that within some Sufi understandings this story signifies an attempt to temporarily restore a paradisiacal state of constant vision in this world: the yearning for the vision of God promised in Paradise was so strong that they were looking for ways to have a similar experience in the current abode. For some this took the form of a visionary encounter, a foretaste of what was to come in the hereafter.
Chrislam, Accommodation and the Politics of Religious Bricolage in Nigeria
Authors: Williams Corey L.
Published: February 2019

This article provides an ethnographic exploration of a new religious movement in Nigeria that often goes by the name ‘Chrislam’. With a particular focus on the Ogbomoso Society of Chrislam, the article documents the group's origins and practices, as well as its public reception. Founded on a claimed vision from God in 2005, the group teaches that Christianity, Islam and African Indigenous Religions come from the same source and should be reunited into a single religious movement. Core to their understanding is what they call ‘a spirit of accommodation’, which provides a divine directive to exceed mere tolerance or coexistence and combine these religions under one roof. With their mission of pursuing unity and commonality while dispelling differences, the group manages to creatively embed multiple complex religious traditions into their belief structures, liturgical practices and ritual ceremonies, in what can be described as a religious bricolage. Despite the group's intention to promote peace and unity and act as a counterpoint to violent movements such as Boko Haram, the Ogbomoso Society of Chrislam finds itself at the centre of an ongoing debate about the politics of religious bricolage and the resulting cultural limits of acceptable forms of religious entanglements.
Syrian Christians and Arab-Islamic Identity: Expressions of Belonging in the Ottoman Empire and America
Authors: Womack Deanna Ferree
Published: February 2019

This essay examines the ways that Arab Christian immigrants in the late-nineteenth-century United States understood religious, cultural and national belonging. Focusing on migrants from Ottoman Syria (present day Lebanon and Syria) who referred to themselves as Syrians, it uses publications from the Arab renaissance in Beirut and early Arab American newspapers in New York to consider how these Christians grappled with their identities as subjects of the Ottoman Sultan, as Christians from various denominations, as citizens in an Islamic society and as newcomers to America. Defying Protestant missionaries’ simplistic depictions of Middle Eastern Christianity, such Syrian Christian authors expressed a sense of belonging in an interreligious environment and sought to inform American readers about the riches of Arab-Islamic heritage.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM KELUARGA (TINJAUAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERSPEKTIF ISLAM)
Authors: Sarwani Sarwani
Published: February 2019

Development of character education models in the family in the true Islamic perspective departs from the efforts of parents to educate their children by elaborating some models are exempliﬁ ed byeducation experts from a variety of references including how to educate families using the propositionsof Islamic legal sources that exist both Qu’an/Hatits, Ijma friends and Qiyas, so the expectations ofparents to off spring be useful for children religion, homeland and nation can be realized and gets thepleasure of Allah SWT.
THE CONCEPT OF OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP PILOT PROJECT TO IMPROVE PUBLIC WELFARE IN BOJONEGORO REGENCY EAST JAVA PROVINCE
Authors: Sakinah Bintang Rizki , Ruhana Faria , Sari Yanuar Kartika
Published: February 2019

The terms of the establishment of a country is the people, regions, sovereign governments (constitutive), and recognition from other countries (declarative). Government is the organization that has the power to make and apply the law as well as legislation in certain areas for all of the people who are in the territory of the country. To run the government in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, then Indonesia adheres to a decentralized system that gives the authority to manage their own regions based on Act No. 23 of 2014 about Local Governance. Implementation of local governance that are the pillars of the Indonesian state has been duly carried out in a transparent manner, which means openness in information is needed. One of the local governments that implement transparency in providing information to the public (community) is Bojonegoro Regency, East Java Province that achievements in the international arena by implementing the Open Government Pilot Project. The program of this movement aims to promote and strengthen the management of the bureaucracy at the district/city that is open, participatory, innovative, and responsive. Forms of transparency that is the main event routine interactive dialogue held on Friday since 2008. In the event, the people freely express their aspirations, criticism, and suggestions. In addition to the pubic Aspiration System Integration (SIAP) has also been implemented since July 2014, and also Bojonegoro Regency have opportunity through information and communication channels via SMS, BBM, Twitter, WhatsApps, radio, social media and other means of communication and information. It aims to secure concrete commitments and governments to promote transparency, empower citizens, fight corruption, and harness new technologies to strengthen governance. It was done only to improve the welfare of society Bojonegoro.Keywords: Government of Bojonegoro, Pilot Project Open Government, Society, Welfare
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Daerah Tahun Anggaran 2011 – 2015 Di Kabupaten Sumedang Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Hasan Hafifurrahman
Published: February 2019

AbstractLocal financial performance is one measure to see the ability of local in the running local autonomy, especially in implementing fiscal decentralization. Seeing this, the authors are interested in doing research with the title "ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FISCAL YEAR 2011 - 2015 SUMEDANG REGENCY WEST JAVA" to measure how much of Sumedang implement fiscal decentralization by looking at the financial performance.The research combines qualitative research to strengthen the quantitative calculation results with sequential explonatory research model (mixed method). Quantitative data analysis carried out by calculating of the local financial performance with the regression analysis to measure the relative influence the independent variable of the financial performance. While the analysis of qualitative data through interviews to the relevant parties to strengthen the results of quantitative measurements.Result showed that the financial performance of Sumedang seen from the calculation shows the ratio of Degree of Fiscal Decentralization less criteria, with an average calculation of 12% over the five-year budget. Regional Financial Independence Ratio shows a instructive relationship. Growth ratio showed an fluctuated. Effectiveness and efficiency ratios showed criteria PAD is very effective and very efficient. Liquidity ratio to the current ratio is 2.87 while the current ratio shows 2.59. And Asset Turnover ratio shows the number of 10%. Based on these research also known factors that significantly influence the financial performance of Sumedang are PAD and Asset whereas Transferhave negatifely significant influence to financial performance with the contribution of the effect of 100%. The Goverment of Sumedang have some efforts done to increase financial performance through socialiszation, Land Value Zona program, repeated data collection, and intensification or extensification of local tax. Keywords: Local Financial Performance, PAD, Transfer.
Developing supplementary English reading materials for Vocational High School
Authors: Noho Hanswaty , Fatsah Hasanuddin , Talib Rasuna
Published: February 2019

The main problem of this study was “What are students of the Vocational School of Computer Networks need in learning English?” and “How is the development of supplementary English materials for reading skill?” The objective aimed at describing the development of supplementary reading materials for the tenth-grade vocational school based on the 2013 curriculum. The subject was the computer networks students in grade tenth in the 2015/2016 academic year consisting of twenty-two students (five males and 17 females). This research used R & D (Research and Development) method. The data were gathered from a number of sources, including students’ need analysis of English reading materials in grade X in the students’ book of 2013 curriculum, supplementary development of the English reading materials for computer networks students, and expert validation of supplementary English reading materials and students’ response after used the supplementary English materials. The findings showed that more than 30% of students were difficult to read the computer networks text and to understand the meaning of the text. The result of students’ book analysis was none of the reading materials appropriate for computer networks department, mostly provided General English. In developing the supplementary English reading materials for computer networks students, there were four stands, in which the current research only applied three out of the four stands, including define, design and developed. This supplementary English reading material helped the computer networks students to learn English based on their need.
Non-verbal communication of English speaking skills in single-sex classroom management
Authors: Hamsah Hardianti Lestari
Published: February 2019

This research explores to what extent the eleventh year's students of the single-sex classroom management have mastered the English speaking skills regarding eye contact, enthusiasm, and confidence. This research exposes to what extent the eleventh year's students of the single-sex classroom management have mastered the English speaking skills regarding eye contact, enthusiasm, and confidence. This study used a qualitative method by descriptive design. The procedure of collecting data the researcher used classroom observation, teacher interview, and student’ focus discussion group. In collecting data and analysis technique the researcher measured from three aspects namely students ‘confidence, eye contact, and enthusiasm. Each aspect was described. This study revealed that the female students who have already been in the single-sex classroom have high confidence, convey strong enthusiasm and maintain eye contact well while speaking English. Therefore, we can say that the eleventh year’s students of the single-sex classroom management have mastered the English speaking skills regarding eye contact, enthusiasm, and confidence in which the researcher in a single-sex classroom has done the criteria.
Communication strategies used by junior and senior teachers in teaching English at secondary school
Authors: Utami Nurul Mutia
Published: February 2019

This research aims to find out the types of communication strategies used by the junior and senior teacher in teaching English. This study also explores the differences and similarities of communication strategies used by junior and senior teachers in teaching English. This research employed descriptive qualitative research. The participants of this research were two English teachers in Makassar. The data of this research were collected by employing observation and interview. The researchers adapted and modified Tarone’s (1977), Bialystok’s (1983), and Dörnyei and Scott’s taxonomy (1995a, 1995b) of communication strategies in identifying the data. The obtained data were analyzed in three major phases namely data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclude. The results of this research revealed that there were fifteen types of strategies used by the junior teacher and eleven types of strategies used by the senior teacher in teaching English. The junior teacher used topic avoidance, literal translation, code-switching, retrieval, other-repair, fillers, self-repetition, other-repetition, direct/indirect appeal for help, asking for repetition,  asking for clarification, asking for confirmation, interpretive summary, comprehension check, and mime/gestures. The senior teacher used the literal translation, restructuring, code-switching, fillers, self-repetition, other-repetition, direct/indirect appeal for help, asking for repetition, asking for confirmation, comprehension check, and mime/gestures.
Using portfolio assessment to improve EFL students’ expository-writing performance
Authors: Nur Gita Dahviyanti Waode
Published: February 2019

The objectives of the research were to find out the extent to which the use of portfolio assessment improves EFL students’ performances in expository-writing and to find out the students’ responses about the taking of portfolio assessment in improving their performance in writing expository text. The researcher applied classroom action research which was done through two cycles. The location of this research was at one of the secondary schools in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. There were 31 students as a sample in this research and the data were collected using observation, writing test, interview, and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The result showed that portfolio assessment had improved EFL students’ expository-writing performance. The students were better in arranging the words into sentences and paragraph in order to convey their ideas, opinions, and feeling because they had already known the steps in the writing process, and they learned from their previous evaluated portfolios, and their responses on the using of portfolio assessment as a method in writing expository process was positive. They got positive motivation and appreciation to progress their writing performance. They were excited to revise and edit their draft to become the best work in every meeting.
TECHNOLOGICAL MODEL OF BUILDING LIFE CYCLE/STATINIO GYVAVIMO CIKLO TECHNOLOGINIS MODELIS
Authors: Martinaitis Vytautas , Rogoža Artūras
Published: February 2019

Under present conditions there are no regulating documents for building life span, maintenance, recondition and reconstruction works and periodicity in Lithuania. The suggested model allows to evaluate optimal values for building work periodicity.

The purpose of the model is to calculate the depreciable value of compound construction (building) at every moment of its life cycle.

There can be determined by this model the relations between building depreciable value and its components reconstruction character.

The function mode of components deterioration can be changed with technology progress. It can be controlled by single coefficients in model.

Single components reconstruction affects not only building aesthetic conditions, but also operating costs (energy consumption, amount of renovation work), which could be linked with elements deterioration.

This model is called technological model, and it does not include cash expenditure calculations for work, materials and energy, but it is a basis for further economical modelling of building life cycle.
MULTIPLE CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF DWELLING FACILITIES MAINTENANCE/DAUGIABUČIŲ GYVENAMŲJŲ NAMŲ PRIEŽIŪROS PROCESO DAUGIAKRITERINĖ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Malinauskas Pranas , Petrašsenko Tatjana
Published: February 2019

Nowadays the maintenance problem of many-flat houses becomes one of the mostly debatable points. Greatly pressing questions are the quality of maintenance work and evaluation of public utilities.

In this paper, the process of building maintenance is analyzed, in order to plan and carry out a more effective maintenance process. Striving for this aim the activities of subjects carrying out maintenance work, demands of building users were analyzed in a complex way and the comparison of maintenance variants was made.

Striving for prolonging the time of building existence, it is necessary to increase maintenance quality and effectiveness in distributing resources, to improve organisational and management forms, to raise qualification of maintenance executives.

The determination of the utility degree and value of the project under investigation and establishment of the priority order for its implementation does not present much difficulty, if the criteria numerical values and significances are obtained and the multiple criteria decision-making methods are used.

The results of the comparative analysis of the projects are presented as a decision-making matrix where columns contain n alternative projects being considered, while all qualitative information pertaining to them is found in lines. Qualitative description of the project provides the information about the aspects of a building facility (i e convenience, work quality, health level of environment, noise level, work level, etc). Qualitative information is based on the criteria systems, units of measurement, values and initial significances as well as the data on the alternative projects development. In order to select the best project, it is necessary, having formed the decision-making matrix, to perform the multiple criteria analysis of the projects. One of the major tasks is to determine the significances of the criteria.

When performing multiple criteria assessment of projects, it is necessary to normalise the values of criteria describing the projects and then to weigh them. The significances of all criteria must be coordinated among themselves.

A method of multiple criteria evaluation of the projects discussed in this paper assumes a direct and proportional dependence of significance and priority of investigated versions on a system of criteria adequately describing the alternatives and on values and significances of the criteria. The system of criteria is determined and experts calculate the values and initial significances of criteria. All this information can be corrected by process participants (customer, users, etc) taking into consideration their pursued goals and existing capabilities.

The degree of utility AT of a building life cycle is directly associated with quantitative and conceptual information related to it. A degree of building life cycle reflects the extent to which the goals pursued by the process participants are attained.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS OF THE LABORATORY FOR MEASURING SOUND INSULATION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS/STATINIO ELEMENTŲ GARSO IZOLIACIJAI MATUOTI SPECIALIAI ĮRENGTOS LABORATORIJOS AKUSTINIŲ PARAMETRŲ TYRIMAS IR DERINIMAS
Authors: Dikavičius Vidmantas , Bliūdžius Raimondas
Published: February 2019

The report deals with a task of investigating and adjusting acoustic parameters of the reverberant chambers of recently built laboratory for measuring sound insulation properties of building elements (windows, doors).

The reverberation time values in the source and receiving empty rooms were measured at 16 one-third-octave frequency bands. It was determined that they significantly exceed the recommended ones. After a number of measurements the reverberation time was adjusted to the allowable limits.

An optimum combination of loudspeaker positions in the source room with respect to the best acoustic field diffusivity has been experimentally found.

Repeatability values r were calculated from the measurements of sound reduction index of plastic window conducted under repeatability conditions. At the 16 one-third-octave frequency bands they show a good precision of the test equipment.
RANKING EFFICIENCY OF RURAL PROPERTY INVESTMENT PROJECTS USING MULTICRITERIA DECISION METHODS/DAUGIAKRITERINIS KAIMO STATINIŲ INVESTICINIŲ PROJEKTŲ, EFEKTYVUMO VERTINIMAS
Authors: Lunkevičius Sigitas , Ustinovičius Leonas , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras
Published: February 2019

Many researchers are right considering economic effect of investments as the key indicator, however, ranking other social, ecological and technical indicators of efficiency separately and leaving them outside of investment ranking criteria system. The authors suggest using together all known efficiency criteria plus some specific of rural property: Payback period, Net present value, Internal rate of return, Profitability index, Business perspective, Rural property purchase price, Rural property reconstruction price, Number of workspace, Taxes, Social level of villagers, Fascination of village.

Ranking rural property investment project does not mean deciding which criterion is preferred to another one. Therefore in this situation we use ELECTRE IV approach, because it's objective is to rank the options, but without any weighting criteria.

The authors have made some alternatives of rural property revival: Heating and airing systems factory, Fish products manufacture, Woodworker manufacture.

On the basis of calculation results the following partial ranking of the alternative projects is suggested:

Fish products manufacture;

Heating and airing systems factory; 3. Rural property; 4. Woodworker manufacture; 5. Sport and leisure centre.
COMPLEX EVALUATION OF ECONOMICAL-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF LITHUANIAN REGIONS/KOMPLEKSINIS SOCIALINĖS-EKONOMINĖS PLĖTROS ĮVERTINIMAS LIETUVOS REGIONUOSE
Authors: Ginevičius Romualdas , Podviezko Valentinas
Published: February 2019

Pereinant prie rinkos ekonomikos, išryškėja didelė diferenciacija tarp atskirų šalies regionų. Tai sukelia didelę socialinę įtampą, nukenšia investicijų kryptingumas, taip pat investuojant ir į statybą, kuriai reikia nemažos investicijų dalies.

Pagrindas regiono investicijoms—jo socialinė ir ekonominė plėtra. Šiuo metu Europos Sąjungos Komisijos siūlymu ji įvertinama, atsižvelgiant į regiono konkurencingumą, kurio konkreti išraiška—bendrasis vidaus produktas, tenkantis vienam regiono gyventojui. Kyla klausimas, ar šis rodiklis pakankamai objektyviai atspindi faktišką regionų socialinęekonominę plėtrą?

Regiono socialinę-ekonominę plėtrą. galima apibūdinti įvairiais aspektais, veiksniais, į kuriuos galima žiūrėti kaip į dalinius kompleksinio dydžio rodiklius. Jų veikimo pobūdis yra nevienodas, kartais netgi prieštaringas, be to, jie išreiškiami pačiais įvairiausiais mato vienetais. Taigi turime uždavinį, kurį galime spręsti taikydami daugiakriterinius įvertinimo metodus.

Sprendžiant šį uždavinį, dalinių rodiklių reikšmės imamos iš oficialių šaltinių, o jų reikšmingumai nustatomi taikant ekspertinius įvertinimus.

Atlikus skaičiavimus ir jų rezultatus palyginus su bendrojo vidaus produkto, tenkančio vienam gyventojui, rodikliu, paaiškėjo, kad remiantis Europos Sajungos Komisijos siūlomu rodikliu nustatomi tik labiausiai išsivystę ir labiausiai atsilikę regionai, todėl tai yra pateisinama skirstant Europos Sajungos fondus. Vidaus valstybinėms investicijoms paskirstyti tarp regionų tokio vertinimo neužtenka, jis netikslus. Tikslinga taikyti straipsnyje nagrinėjamus daugiakriterinius įvertinimo būdus.
DETERMINING INTEGRATED WEIGHTS OF ATTRIBUTES/INTEGRUOTŲ RODIKLIŲ REIKŠMINGUMŲ NUSTATYMO METODAS
Authors: Ustinovičius Leonas
Published: February 2019

Atlikta naudojamų rodiklių objektyvių bei subjektyvių reikšmingumų analizė. Nustatytas integruoto reikšmingumo skaičiavimo poreikis.

Subjektyvus reikšmingumas nustato rodiklių svarbumą, sprendžiant konkretų uždavinį. Objektyvus reikšmingumas įvertina nagrinėjamo rodiklio įtaką varianto racionalumui. Subjektyvios ir objektyvios reikšmingumo reikšmės dažnai nesutampa. Tai mažina varianto racionalumą. Rodiklio integruoto reikšmingumo panaudojimas leis nagrinėjamiems rodikliams turėti įtakos varianto racionalumui atitinkamai jų subjektyviems reikšmingumams.

Pasiūlytas rodiklių integruotų reikšmingumų nustatymo metodas—objektyvus rodiklių reikšmingumas nustatomas taikant entropijos metodą, subjektyvus rodiklių reikšmingumas nustatomas, taikant porinio palyginimo metodą. Integruotiems rodikliams skaičiuoti pasiūlyta ir suformuluota lygčių sistema.

Metodo galimybės buvo parodytos sprendžiant realų variantų lyginimo uždavinį (firmos patalpų pirkimas).
From Cold to Hot Irradiated Gaseous Exoplanets: Toward an Observation-based Classification Scheme
Authors: Molaverdikhani Karan , Henning Thomas , Mollière Paul
Published: February 2019

A carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) of around unity is believed to act as a natural separator of water- and methane-dominated spectra when characterizing exoplanet atmospheres. In this paper, we quantify the C/O ratios at which this separation occurs by calculating a large self-consistent grid of cloud-free atmospheric models in chemical equilibrium using the latest version ofpetitCODE. Our study covers a broad range of parameter space: 400 K < Teff < 2600 K, 2.0 < log(g) < 5.0, −1.0 < [Fe/H] < 2.0, 0.25 < C/O < 1.25, and stellar types from M to F. We make the synthetic transmission and emission spectra, as well as the temperature structures, publicly available. We find that the transition C/O ratio depends on many parameters, such as effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, and spectral type of the host star, and could have values less than, equal to, or higher than unity. By mapping all of the transition C/O ratios, we propose a “four-class” classification scheme for irradiated planets in this temperature range. We find a parameter space where methane always remains the cause of dominant spectral features. Detection of CH4in this region, or the lack of it, provides a diagnostic tool to identify the prevalence of cloud formation and nonequilibrium chemistry. As another diagnostic tool, we construct syntheticSpitzerInfrared Array Camera color diagrams showing two distinguishable populations of planets. Since most of the exoplanet atmospheres appear cloudy when studied in transmission, we regard this study as a starting point of how such a C/O-sensitive observation-based classification scheme should be constructed. This preparatory work will have to be refined by future cloudy and nonequilibrium modeling to further investigate the existence and exact location of the classes, as well as the color-diagram analysis.
Properties of the Diffuse Emission around Warm Loops in Solar Active Regions
Authors: Brooks David H.
Published: February 2019

Coronal loops in active regions are the subjects of intensive investigation, but the important diffuse unresolved emission in which they are embedded has received relatively little attention. Here I measure the densities and emission measure (EM) distributions of a sample of background–foreground regions surrounding warm (2 MK) coronal loops, and introduce two new aspects to the analysis. First, I infer the EM distributions only from temperatures that contribute to the same background emission. Second, I measure the background emission co-spatially with the loops so that the results are truly representative of the immediate loop environment. The second aspect also allows me to take advantage of the presence of embedded loops to infer information about the (unresolvable) magnetic field in the background. I find that about half of the regions in my sample have narrow but not quite isothermal EM distributions with a peak temperature of 1.4–2 MK. The other half have broad EM distributions (Gaussian width >3 × 105 K), and the width of the EM appears to be correlated with peak temperature. Densities in the diffuse background are log (n/cm−3) = 8.5–9.0. Significantly, these densities and temperatures imply that the co-spatial background is broadly compatible with static equilibrium theory (RTV scaling laws) provided that the unresolved field length is comparable to the embedded loop length. For this agreement to break down, the field length in most cases would have to be substantially longer than the loop length, a factor of 2–3 on average, which for the sample in this work approaches the dimensions of only the largest active regions.
First Unambiguous Imaging of Large-scale Quasi-periodic Extreme-ultraviolet Wave or Shock
Authors: Shen Yuandeng , Chen P. F. , Liu Ying D. , Shibata Kazunari , Tang Zehao , Liu Yu
Published: February 2019

We report the first unambiguous quasi-periodic large-scale extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave or shock that was detected by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. During the whip-like unwinding eruption of a small filament on 2012 April 24, multiple consecutive large-scale wavefronts emanating from AR11467 were observed simultaneously along the solar surface and a closed transequatorial loop system. In the meantime, an upward propagating dome-shaped wavefront was also observed, whose initial speed and deceleration are about 1392 km s−1 and 1.78 km s−2, respectively. Along the solar surface, the quasi-peridoic wavefronts had a period of about 163 ± 21 s and propagated at a nearly constant speed of 747 ± 26 km s−1; they interacted with active region AR11469 and launched a sympathetic upward propagating secondary EUV wave. The wavefronts along the loop system propagated at a speed of 897 km s−1, and they were reflected back at the southern end of the loop system at a similar speed. In addition to the propagating waves, a standing kink wave was also present in the loop system simultaneously. Periodicity analysis reveals that the period of the wavefronts was consistent with that of the unwinding helical structures of the erupting filament. Based on these observational facts, we propose that the observed quasi-periodic EUV wavefronts were most likely excited by the periodic unwinding motion of the filament helical structures. In addition, two different seismological methods are applied to derive the magnetic field strength of the loop system, and for the first time the reliability of these inversion techniques are tested with the same magnetic structure.
Rotating Solar Models with Low Metal Abundances as Good as Those with High Metal Abundances
Authors: Yang Wuming
Published: February 2019

Standard solar models (SSMs) constructed in accord with low metal abundances disagree with seismically inferred results. We constructed rotating solar models with low metal abundances that included enhanced settling and convection overshoot. In one of our rotating models, AGSSr2a, the convection overshoot allowed us to recover the radius of the base of the convection zone (CZ) at a level of 1σ. The rotational mixing almost completely counteracts the enhanced settling for the surface helium abundance, but only partially for the surface heavy-element abundance. At the 1σ level, the combination of rotation and enhanced settling brings the surface helium abundance into agreement with the seismically inferred value of 0.2485 ± 0.0035, and makes the model have better sound-speed and density profiles than SSMs constructed in accordance with high metal abundances. The radius of the base of the CZ and the surface helium abundance of AGSSr2a are 0.713 R
⊙ and 0.2472, respectively; the absolute values of the relative differences in sound speed and density between it and the Sun are less than 0.0025 and 0.015, respectively. Moreover, the predicted neutrino fluxes of our model are comparable with the predictions of previous studies.