bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random Walks Reaching Against all Odds the other Side of the Quarter Plane
Authors: van Leeuwaarden Johan S. H. , Raschel Kilian
Published: March 2013

For a homogeneous random walk in the quarter plane with nearest-neighbor transitions, starting from some state (i0,j0), we study the event that the walk reaches the vertical axis, before reaching the horizontal axis. We derive a certain integral representation for the probability of this event, and an asymptotic expression for the case when i0 becomes large, a situation in which the event becomes highly unlikely. The integral representation follows from the solution of a boundary value problem and involves a conformal gluing function. The asymptotic expression follows from the asymptotic evaluation of this integral. Our results find applications in a model for nucleosome shifting, the voter model, and the asymmetric exclusion process.
Ancestral Graph with Bias in Gene Conversion
Authors: Mano Shuhei
Published: March 2013

Gene conversion is a genetic mechanism by which one gene is ‘copied and pasted’ onto another gene, where the direction can be biased between the different types. In this paper, a stochastic model for biased gene conversion within ad-unlinked multigene family and its diffusion approximation are developed for a finite Moran population. A connection with ad-island model is made. A formula for the fixation probability in the absence of mutation is given. A two-timescale argument is applied in the case of the strong conversion limit. The dual process is generally shown to be a biased voter model, which generates an ancestral bias graph for a given sample. An importance sampling algorithm for computing the likelihood of the sample is deduced.
Nine Facts about Top Journals in Economics
Authors: Card David , DellaVigna Stefano
Published: March 2013

How has publishing in top economics journals changed since 1970? Using a data set that combines information on all articles published in the top-five journals from 1970 to 2012 with their Google Scholar citations, we identify nine key trends. First, annual submissions to the top-five journals nearly doubled from 1990 to 2012. Second, the total number of articles published in these journals actually declined from 400 per year in the late 1970s to 300 per year most recently. As a result, the acceptance rate has fallen from 15 percent to 6 percent, with potential implications for the career progression of young scholars. Third, one journal, the American Economic Review, now accounts for 40 percent of top-five publications, up from 25 percent in the 1970s. Fourth, recently published papers are on average three times longer than they were in the 1970s, contributing to the relative shortage of journal space. Fifth, the number of authors per paper has increased from 1.3 in 1970 to 2.3 in 2012, partly offsetting the fall in the number of articles per year. Sixth, citations for top-five publications are high: among papers published in the late 1990s, the median number of Google Scholar citations is 200. Seventh, the ranking of journals by citations has remained relatively stable, with the notable exception of the Quarterly Journal of Economics, which climbed from fourth place to first place over the past three decades. Eighth, citation counts are significantly higher for longer papers and those written by more coauthors. Ninth, although the fraction of articles from different fields published in the top five has remained relatively stable, there are important cohort trends in the citations received by papers from different fields, with rising citations to more recent papers in Development and International, and declining citations to recent papers in Econometrics and Theory. (JEL A14)
Numerical Modeling of Oil Spill Movement along North-West Coast of India Using GNOME
Authors: Remyalekshmi R , Hegde Arkal Vittal
Published: March 2013

India is located at a very strategic point with respect to the international commercial sea routes with a large amount of crude oil traffic. Hence, the risk of oil spill occurring in the Indian waters is considerably high. In the present paper, forecasting the movement of a possible crude oil spill of 10,000 barrels at a location of latitude 21° 41′ 48.53′ N and longitude 66° 46′ 41.45″ E, intersection point of two ship routes from Kandla port and Bombay port (Kandla port of India to Yanbu port of Saudi Arabia and Bombay port of India to Ras Tanura port of Saudi Arabia) has been carried out using GNOME (General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment) model developed by Hazardous Materials Response Division (HAZMAT) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration (NOAA OR&R) of United States government. The governing equations for horizontal diffusion, evaporation, dissolution, dispersion etc, adopted by GNOME have been presented in the paper. The simulation is carried out for month of September 2011. It is found that the spill possibly takes 10 hours to reach Gujarat coast and 15 hours to reach Maharashtra coast. With this available knowledge, appropriate mitigation measures may be adopted before spill reaches the shores.
Two Suspected Cases of Immunoglobulin-Mediated Interference Causing Falsely Low Vancomycin Concentrations with the Beckman PETINIA Method
Authors: Gunther Mary , Saxinger Lynora , Gray Margaret , LeGatt Donald
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE

To describe 2 recent cases of suspected immunoglobulin-mediated interference with the Beckman Coulter particle–enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (PETINIA) used to measure vancomycin serum or plasma concentrations and to review the existing literature.

CASE SUMMARY

A 64-year-old woman with a history of multiple immune-related comorbidities received vancomycin for treatment of a prosthetic joint infection growing coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. A 33-year-old man with a history of Felty syndrome received vancomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Both patients had multiple vancomycin trough concentrations determined using the Beckman Coulter PETINIA method and had measured concentrations reported as less than 4 mg/L despite appropriate vancomycin dosing for their size, age, and organ function. The patients' serum was then tested by alternative methods, which reported vancomycin concentrations consistent with those expected with the patients' dosing regimens.

DISCUSSION

Immunoglobulins are well known for interfering with chemistry assays. It is suspected that high levels of immunoglobulins in these 2 patients interfered with the accurate measurement of serum vancomycin concentrations. An objective causality assessment supported the interactions as being definite and probable, respectively. Two other cases of suspected immunoglobulin interference with vancomycin measurement have been reported in the literature when vancomycin concentrations were initially measured using the Beckman Coulter PETINIA method. In vitro studies support the hypothesis that immunoglobulin interference with vancomycin measurement by this method occurs and is a graded phenome non.

CONCLUSIONS

These cases suggest a high likelihood of immunoglobulin-mediated interference with the Beckman Coulter PETINIA method, which results in the reporting of falsely low vancomycin serum concentrations. When vancomycin concentrations do not correlate with what would be expected clinically, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for potential assay interference.
Revisiting Fence Building: Keith Matthews and Newfoundland Historiography
Authors: Webb Jeff A.
Published: March 2013

In 1965 Memorial University recruited the young historian Keith Matthews, hoping he would both conduct research on the West of England–Newfoundland fishery and collect archival material for the university. He fulfilled this dual mandate, and his work was an important part of an important historiographic shift. Matthews's break with a 175-year-old interpretation was marked by a highly original essay, 'Historical Fence Building,' which subsequent historians have read back into his 1968 thesis. This essay examines his training and the context at Memorial that shaped his career, arguing that because of the persuasiveness of Matthews's later historiographic critique the continuity between his thesis and earlier works is greater than is often recognized. En 1965, l'Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve a recruté le jeune historien Keith Matthews dans l'espoir qu'il effectue de la recherche sur la pêche à Terre-Neuve et l'Ouest de l'Angleterre (West of England – Newfoundland Fishery) et qu'il collige du matériel pour les archives de l'université. Il a bien rempli ce double mandat, et son travail a formé une grande partie d'un déplacement historiographique important. Rompant avec une tradition vieille de 175 ans, Keith Matthews a rédigé un essai hautement original , « Historical Fence Building », que les historiens subséquents ont lié directement à sa thèse de 1968. Le présent essai examine sa formation et le contexte à Memorial qui ont été à la base de sa carrière, et fait valoir que, en raison du pouvoir de persuasion de la critique historiographique ultérieure de l'oeuvre, la continuité entre la thèse et les travaux antérieurs de l'auteur est beaucoup plus marquée qu'on ne le reconnaît souvent.
'Rising Strongly and Rapidly': The Universal Negro Improvement Association in Canada, 1919–1940
Authors: Marano Carla
Published: March 2013

Cet article présente l'histoire du Garveyism et de l'Universal Negro Improvement Association ( unia ) au Canada de 1919 à 1940. Créé et dirigé par Marcus Garvey, d'origine jamaïcaine, ce mouvement pour les droits civiques s'est répandu partout dans le monde et a encouragé ses partisans à réaliser le rêve d'une nation noire indépendante en Afrique. L' unia a été présentée à grande échelle comme un phénomène de l'Amérique ou des Caraïbes. Mais le présent article apporte la preuve que l' unia a joué un rôle de premier plan dans la vie de bon nombre de Noirs au Canada, particulièrement des immigrants antillais. Cette étude fait valoir que ces derniers forment la vaste majorité des membres de l' unia au Canada, et qu'ils ont utilisé cette organisation comme moyen de créer et d'exprimer une identité ethno-raciale unique. On explique comment certains liens communs chez les Antillais, y compris un taux élevé d'alphabétisation, de l'expérience en organisation syndicale, et une solide conscience panafricaine, les ont rendus plus enclins à se joindre à l' unia que les immigrants afro-américains et les Noirs nés au Canada. Ces caractéristiques communes font maintenant partie du tissu d'une identité antillaise distincte qu'ils ont fait valoir en tant que leaders, organisateurs, et participants à l' unia
Women Teachers in Canada, 1881–1901: Revisiting the 'Feminization' of an Occupation
Authors: Sager Eric W.
Published: March 2013

Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches, this essay reconsiders the changing ratios of women to men in teaching in Canada in the late nineteenth century, and the relationship between macro-historical change and individual experience. The complete-coverage census micro-data for 1881 make it possible to explore possible associations between characteristics of 192 districts and the feminization of teaching in those districts. The hypothesis that an available pool of immigrant men delayed the feminization of teaching in parts of rural Ontario receives support at the national level. The economic structure of districts does not appear to be associated with the feminization of teaching. The feminization of teaching is associated with districts having relatively large proportions of French-Canadian Catholics and English Anglicans. The size of the school system, as measured by teachers per capita, is negatively associated with marital fertility. There is evidence that the status of women teachers had improved by the end of the century, although the reactions of individual teachers were ambiguous and conflicted. In Ontario the earnings of women teachers increased steadily in real terms. Women were being drawn into an occupation in which they were subordinates in a hierarchy of gender and income, but their movement into teaching was also a movement towards material independence, intellectual self-realization, and social respectability. A l’aide de méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, l’auteur de l’essai réexamine les variations du ratio femmes/hommes dans l’enseignement au Canada á la fin du XIXe siècle, et le lien entre les changements macro-historiques et les expériences individuelles. Les micro-données du recensement exhaustif de 1881 permettent d’explorer les liens possibles entre les diverses caractéristiques de 192 districts et la féminisation de l’enseignement dans ces districts. L’hypothèse selon laquelle la disponibilité d’hommes immigrants aurait retardé la féminisation de l’enseignement dans certaines régions rurales de l’Ontario reçoit un appui au niveau national. La structure économique des districts ne semble pas être associée á la féminisation de l’enseignement, qui est plutôt liéeá la relativement grande proportion de Canadiens français catholiques et d’Anglophones anglicans dans ces districts. La taille du système scolaire, mesurée selon le nombre d’enseignants par personne, est associéenégativement á la fécondité des mariages. A la fin du siècle, la situation des enseignantes s’était améliorée, même si les réactions de certains enseignants étaient parfois ambiguës et contradictoires. En Ontario, le salaire des enseignantes était en croissance constante en chiffres absolus. On attirait les femmes vers un travail dans lequel elles étaient des subordonnées pour ce qui est du sexe et du salaire; mais leur passage vers l’enseignement a favorisé leur indépendance matérielle, une prise de conscience intellectuelle et le respect social.
Entre nationalismes irlandais et canadien-français: Les intrigues québécoises de la Self Determination for Ireland League of Canada and Newfoundland
Authors: Jolivet Simon
Published: March 2013

In May of 1920, the Self Determination for Ireland League of Canada and Newfoundland (SDIL), an Irish republican organization, was founded in Montreal. The League opposed the actions of the British government of David Lloyd George at the time of the Anglo-Irish War (1919–1921), but it primarily presented itself as a Canadian organization. This article will describe the founding and evolution of this association still neglected by Irish-Canadian historiography. Deliberately focused on the experience of the SDIL in Quebec, the article highlights that two former Irish nationalist traditions clashed in the province: one, constitutional autonomist, and the other, republican. Despite this division of Irish-Quebec nationalist forces, the involvement of French-Canadian elites in the SDIL contributed to making the League a success in Quebec. At the time, journalists and politicians like Omer Héroux, Armand Lavergne and Henri Bourassa effectively supported the goals of the SDIL. This pragmatic agreement between Irish and French-Canadian coreligionsists who had often clashed at the beginning of the twentieth century (especially on the subject of French education in Canadian schools) incidentally constituted one of the original elements of the business of the SDIL.
Population Aging, Older Workers, and Canada’s Labour Force
Authors: Denton Frank T. , Spencer Byron G.
Published: March 2013

The Expert Panel on Older Workers made recommendations designed to increase the labour force participation of older workers. We explore the implications that higher rates of older-worker participation would have for the overall size and age composition of the labour force, for the productive capacity of the economy, and for the incomes of Canadians. Our purpose is to assess the potential impact that increased participation of older workers might have in offsetting any anticipated adverse effects of population aging on standards of living.
Bidding for Investment Projects: Smart Public Policy or Corporate Welfare?
Authors: Van Biesebroeck Johannes
Published: March 2013

Even before the bailouts of GM and Chrysler in 2009, several governments in Canada have shown an in¬creased willingness to subsidize private investment projects, especially in the manufacturing sector, to the dismay of tax conservatives. I evaluate under what circumstances these government subsidies make sense, paying particular attention to the efforts of the Ontario and federal governments to attract new investments in the automobile sector. I show what governments should expect to pay when they join a bidding war and derive the expected welfare gain. The analysis suggests that, in contrast with the public debate and many previous studies, it is not the absolute size of benefits that matters, but the relative private attractiveness for the investing firm and the relative size of externalities in each location.
Research, Policy Development, and Progress: Antisocial Behaviour and the Automobile
Authors: Linden Rick , Mann Robert E. , Smart Reginald G. , Vingilis Evelyn , Asbridge Mark , Rehm Jürgen , Fischer Benedikt , Stoduto Gina , Wilk Piotr , Roerecke Michael , Trayling Cindy , Wiesenthal David L.
Published: March 2013

Justice policy is typically based more on political considerations than on research results. One way to break down barriers between researchers and policy-makers is to encourage partnerships. AUTO21, a member of the Networks of Centres of Excellence program, is designed to facilitate partnerships. The Antisocial Behaviour and the Automobile project focuses on auto theft, driving under the influence of alcohol and cannabis, and road rage/driver aggression. The research areas that have had the greatest policy impact benefited from strong partnerships with organizations that have the visibility, authority, and resources to implement significant changes in program funding and social policy. These areas also have an extensive body of prior research.
A Life-Course Approach to Studying Transitions among Canadian Seniors in Couple-Only Households
Authors: Strohschein Lisa
Published: March 2013

This study tracked the occurrence of death, widowhood, institutionalization, and coresidence with others between 1994 and 2002 for a nationally representative sample of 1,580 Canadian respondents who, at initial interview, were aged 55 and older and living in a couple-only household. Although the majority of seniors remained in a couple-only household throughout the duration of the survey, nearly one in four who experienced a first transition underwent one or more subsequent transitions. Age, economic resources, and health were significant predictors of a specific first transition and multiple transitions. More work is needed to understand the dynamics of the aging process.
Confessions of a Celebrity Mom: Brooke Shields’s Down Came the Rain: My Journey through Postpartum Depression
Authors: Clark Hilary
Published: March 2013

In “Confessions of a Celebrity Mom: Brooke Shields’s Down Came the Rain ,” I look at Brooke Shields’s recent memoir of postpartum depression as exemplifying the mythic thinking that, according to Anne Hunsaker Hawkins, characterizes autopathography as a genre. In particular, I examine the rhetorical strategies and appeals by which, in the context of her celebrity, Shields defends herself against the shame and stigma attached to postpartum depression in a culture that both idealizes and devalues motherhood. The memoir is an honest yet canny disclosure of intimate moments of depression, shame, and suicidal thinking: in it, the author both exposes herself to the public eye (and attacks by Tom Cruise) and, drawing on the allure of her celebrity, veils herself and her privileged life from any real scrutiny.

Dans « Confessions of a Celebrity Mom : Brooke Shield’s Down Came the Rain », j’ai jeté un regard sur le récent mémoire de Brooke Shields portant sur la dépression postpartum comme exemple de la pensée mythique qui, selon Anne Hunsaker Hawkins, caractérise l’autopathographie comme un genre. En particulier, j’ai examiné les stratégies rhétoriques et les appels en fonction desquels, dans le contexte de sa célébrité, Brooke Shields se défend contre la honte et le stigmate lié à la dépression postpartum dans une culture qui à la fois idéalise et dévalue la maternité. Le mémoire est une divulgation honnête mais quand même rusée de moments intimes de dépression, de honte, et d’idées suicidaires : dans ce livre, l’auteure s’expose aux regards du public (et aux attaques de Tom Cruise) et, tirant parti de sa célébrité, occulte son personnage et sa vie privilégiée contre tout réel examen.
An Isolationist Politician in an Internationalist Era: Senator Henrik Shipstead of Minnesota and the United Nations, 1945-1946
Authors: Lemelin Bernard
Published: March 2013

On 28 July 1945, Republican Henrik Shipstead of Minnesota was one of only two members of the US Senate to vote against the United Nations Charter. The politician objected to the famous document that had emerged from the San Francisco conference on several grounds. It must be noted, in addition, that he was spokesman for a state that still counted, during the Truman era, its contingent of individuals and organizations receptive to the isolationist creed. However, isolationism no longer appeared as a dominant force in post-war Minnesota politics: the internationalist sentiment, as elsewhere in the MiddleWest, was clearly on the rise in this quickly growing industrialized and urbanized North Star state. Consequently, Shipstead, who always took pride in his opposition to American adherence to the United Nations, had virtually no chance of winning the 1946 Republican primary election. Le 28 juillet 1945, le républicain Henrik Shipstead du Minnesota fut l'un des deux seuls membres du Sénat américain à voter contre la Charte des Nations Unies. Ce politicien s'opposait au célébre document résultant de la conférence de San Francisco pour plusieurs raisons. Il convient en outre de noter qu'il représentait un État qui, au début de l'ére Truman, comptait encore une part non négligeable de sa population réceptive aux idées isolationnistes. Cependant, l'isolationnisme n'était plus une force dominante dans les milieux politiques du Minnesota de l'aprés-guerre: les sentiments internationalistes, comme ailleurs dans le Mid-Ouest, s'intensifiaient nettement dans cet é tat de plus en plus industrialisé et urbanisé. Par conséquent, Shipstead, qui avait toujours revendiqué avec fierté son opposition à l'adhésion américaine aux Nations Unies, n'avait pratiquement aucune chance de l'emporter aux élections primaires républicaines de 1946.
Clarifying Blackness in Anglo-Native Fictions: Tom Spanbauer’s Cross-Ethnic Borrowings
Authors: Norman Brian
Published: March 2013

Anglo writer Tom Spanbauer’s The Man Who Fell in Love with the Moon (1991) and American-Indian author Sherman Alexie’s Reservation Blues (1995) illustrate how contemporary multicultural literature uses Jim Crow figures as reference points for sorting intricate social lines among other ethnic groups. Spanbauer also illustrates the related dangers of cross-ethnic pilfering.
The Man Who Fell in Love with the Moon (1991) de l’écrivain anglophone Tom Spanbauer et Reservation Blues (1995) de l’auteur amérindien Sherman Alexie illustrent comment la littérature multiculturelle contemporaine utilise les chiffres sur Jim Crow comme points de référence pour trier les classes sociales complexes chez d’autres groupes ethniques. Spanbauer illustre aussi les dangers liés à l’appropriation d’autres groupes ethniques.
Exorcistes américains : la Heritage Foundation , la guerre culturelle et la sauvegarde du mariage et des valeurs familiales traditionnelles
Authors: Gagnon Frédérick , Goulet-Cloutier Catherine
Published: March 2013

During the Republican Party's national convention in 1992, Pat Buchanan claimed that a "culture war" was raging in the United States. While Buchanan described this "war" as a "struggle for the soul of America," we use the culture-war concept to refer to the efforts of various conservative political and social actors trying to protect US traditional values and to "exorcise" the liberal and secular "demons" of the United States. Accordingly, this paper focuses on one of these actors: the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank located in Washington, DC. Performing a postructuralist discursive analysis of various "texts" produced by three scholars from the Heritage about marriage, family values, and sexuality, the paper shows how these scholars strategically rely on certain words and expressions in their research in order to reach two political goals: (1) marginalize liberal views on the issues just mentioned; and (2) discipline Americans by leading them to embrace a traditional/conservative interpretation of US national identity. Lors de son discours à la convention nationale du parti républicain durant les présidentielles américaines de 1992, le conservateur Pat Buchanan affirmait qu'une « guerre culturelle » fait rage aux États-Unis. Décrit comme un combat pour définir l'identité nationale américaine, le concept de la guerre culturelle est utilisé ici pour désigner les efforts menés par divers acteurs conservateurs pour protéger les valeurs traditionnelles de la société américaine et « exorciser » celle-ci de ce qu'ils considèrent être des « démons » libéraux et séculiers. Le présent texte se penche sur l'un de ces acteurs : la Heritage Foundation , un centre de recherche privé ( think tank ) conservateur situé à Washington D.C. À l'aide d'une analyse de discours post-structuraliste des études produites par trois chercheurs de la Heritage à propos du mariage, des valeurs familiales et de la sexualité, ce texte vise à illustrer que ces mêmes chercheurs articulent leurs discours de manière à atteindre un but politique : (1) marginaliser les positions progressistes sur les enjeux susmentionnés ; et (2) discipliner les Américains en les incitant à embrasser une vision traditionnelle/conservatrice de l'identité américaine.
He "coulda been a contender" for Miss America: Feminizing Brando in On the Waterfront
Authors: Schuyler Michael T.
Published: March 2013

This alternative reading of On the Waterfront discusses how the film presents a feminized version of Marlon Brando's character, Terry Malloy. Then, it puts this portrayal into context, suggesting that director Elia Kazan wants to portray Terry as American only once this character sheds his womanly trappings and undergoes a rebirth as an "acceptable" bastion of masculinity. After all, in Waterfront 's narrative, which allegorizes Kazan's decision to testify in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee, Terry serves as a surrogate for the director; therefore, Kazan wants to equate Terry's eventual return to masculinity with his own choice to name names. And, in the view of Kazan, "manly men" best represent America. Cette lecture alternative de On the Waterfront (Sur les quais) discute de la façon dont le film présente une version féminisée de Terry Malloy, le personnage joué par Marlon Brando. Elle place alors cette image en contexte, et suggère que le directeur Elia Kazan souhaite offrir Terry en tant qu' Américain seulement lorsque ce personnage se départe de ses accoutrements féminins et accepte de renaître par un passage « acceptable » de la masculinité. Après tout, dans le narratif de Waterfront qui fait de la décision de Kazan une allégorie lorsqu'il témoigne devant le House Un-American Activities Committee , Terry sert de substitut au directeur; Kazan veut donc que le retour éventuel de Terry à la masculinité corresponde à son propre choix de nommer des noms. Et, selon Kazan, « surtout les hommes » représentent le mieux l'Amérique.
r/evolution begins within
Authors: Anitafrika d’bi.young
Published: March 2013

At the centre of Toronto-based dubpoet D’BI.YOUNG ANITAFRIKA’ s creative process is the sorplusi methodology , which challenges her, at every step, to remain responsible to the micro- and macro-communities to which she belongs.
Narratives of Success, Narratives of Failure: The Creation and Collapse of Sistren's "Aesthetic Space"
Authors: Smith Karina
Published: March 2013

This essay looks at the way Jamaican Sistren Theatre Collective's work and public image were shaped during the 1970s and 1980s to meet the needs of political and development agency agendas. During the Democratic Socialist Manley government's eight years in office (1972–80), community groups such as Sistren were encouraged by the government to establish "aesthetic spaces," to quote Augusto Boal, in which the oppression experienced by disadvantaged Jamaicans could be discussed and theatricalized. With the change of government in 1980, support for community-development projects waned and pressure was placed on Sistren to find external avenues of funding, invariably from development agencies. Under the weight of development-agency demands, among them the establishing of a business enterprise to achieve "self-sufficiency," Sistren's "aesthetic space" collapsed. Sistren Theatre Collective, then, can be read as both a narrative of success and one of failure.
Resonating Bodies and the Poetics of Aurality; Or, Gertrude Stein’s Theatre
Authors: Frank Johanna
Published: March 2013

This essay considers theories of performance, modernism, and theatricality, as well as Gertrude Stein’s critical writing, creative work, and correspondence on the topics of portraits, drama, staging, and theatre. By focusing on aurality and assuming Stein’s plays anticipate the physical and temporal registers of theatre, we might understand the shift from her portraits to her plays as an exploration of how knowledge evolves from sensory perception to establish a relationship between producers and receivers of sounds. Her plays deploy voice as a means to accomplish what her portraits could not: the performance of embodiment. Performance becomes a mode of encounter, an aesthetic experience that involves perceptual engagement and transaction. Even as actors’ bodies may stand in for voices, appearing to “embody” the voices conventionally, we gain access to entities only through the word-sounds they utter as a mosaic of fragments that elide referential signification. The implication of this mode, in terms of how we understand and conceive of embodiment, suggests that embodiment is a sensory experience defined by both absence and presence.
richardthesecond : Adapting Shakespeare to the Local in a Culture of Global Celebrity
Authors: Ormsby Robert
Published: March 2013

This essay discusses how Matthew MacFadzean’s richardthesecond adapts Shakespeare’s Richard II to both popular American (or global) culture and local (Canadian) points of orientation. MacFadzean’s solo multimedia performance treats sceptically both the notion that Shakespeare can be used as a high-culture defence against popular culture and Marshall McLuhan’s proposition that Canada is an anti-environment that renders visible the United States’ global environment. Instead, richardthesecond aligns culturally conservative views of Shakespeare with multinational corporate greed and implies that Canada cannot form a national identity that is wholly distinct from that of the United States. The play requires of its audience a sort of “triple vision,” or a fluency in Shakespeare and popular culture as well as a detailed understanding of Canadian culture. Ultimately, the demands that MacFadzean makes on his audience not only demonstrate the interpenetration of the global and the local but also expose the heterogeneity of local theatre communities.
Before Katrina: Archiving Performative Downpours and Fallen Women Named Sadie in Rain and The Deluge (1922)
Authors: Johnson Katie N.
Published: March 2013

In 1922, two popular plays – Rain and The Deluge – literally took the stage by storm. In what may strike post-Katrina audiences as a somewhat uncanny coincidence, these plays were based on the aftermaths of natural disasters: specifically, torrential downpours and the breaching of a levee. Both plays also featured a down-on-her-luck “fallen” woman called Sadie. Indeed, after this season, Sadie became an iconic character-type, appearing in various Broadway hits, musicals, and films for years. In focusing on just two of the performative iterations of Sadie, this essay shows that, at the same time that Sadie rivals heteronormative sexuality (as well as codified notions of racialization), so too she finds herself in narratives that often reinscribe such ideologies. And yet, while, narratively , efforts are made to contain Sadie, such efforts often fail. Performatively , then, Sadie is a figure that often resists these oppressions and performs sexual subversions, if only momentary ones.
Making the “Unstageable” Stageable: English Rewritings of Chekhov’s First Play
Authors: Young Stuart
Published: March 2013

This essay examines three adaptations for the English stage of Chekhov’s “unstageable” first play. As well as reflecting something of the broader context of the translation and reception of foreign plays in the English theatre, these adaptations are very illuminating on fundamental aspects of English Chekhov tradition, in particular its largely veiled politics. Michael Frayn’s Wild Honey , which highlights connexions with Chekhov’s later plays and reinscribes cardinal elements of English Chekhov, exemplifies the strategy of domesticating the foreign. In sharp contrast, taking issue with a tradition that sentimentalizes and de-politicizes Chekhov, Trevor Griffiths’s Piano reconceives Untitled Play as a political play that comments on contemporary Britain. Meanwhile, David Hare’s Platonov , which purports to stick as closely as possible to the original text, ends up, like Wild Honey , reiterating the familiar hallmarks of English Chekhov. The choices made in all three adaptations attest to the fundamentally political nature of the translator’s intervention as well as to the translator’s contribution not merely to the transmission of culture but to its production.
I was a Teenaged Fabulist: The dark play of Adolescent Sexuality in U.S. Drama
Authors: Herrera Brian Eugenio
Published: March 2013

The breakout hit of the 2007 Humana Festival, Carlos Murillo’s dark play or stories for boys received wide notice for its provocative theatricalization of the “true” story of “one teenager’s near-fatal internet attraction.” In subsequent professional productions in major U.S. cities including Los Angeles, Atlanta, Philadelphia, and Salt Lake City (as well as scores of university productions nationwide), Murillo’s dark play has been routinely promoted as a tale of contemporary teen life, depicting dangers and deceptions peculiar to the Internet age. In this article, I argue that the significance of Murillo’s dark play derives less from its contemporaneity than from its clarifying evocation of the longer history of staging sexually precocious adolescent characters within U.S. middlebrow drama since the early decades of the twentieth century. As I trace how such intimate dramas of gossip, rumour, and innuendo evoke the “dangerous games” played by adolescent characters in mid-century works by Lillian Hellman, Arthur Miller, and Robert Anderson, this article explicates how the “teen fabulist,” the kid who makes stuff up about herself or himself and others, emerges as a privileged device through which U.S. dramatists have sought to stage otherwise unstageable uncertainties about morality, hypocrisy and societal norms configuring “truth.”
AIDS = Purgatory: Prior Walter's Prophecy and Angels in America
Authors: Barnett Claudia
Published: March 2013

Ghosts come from Purgatory, "the middle space of the realm of the dead." In Angels in America , the two characters who see ghosts are victims of AIDS, themselves occupying a kind of middle space. While their visions can be seen as fever-, medication-, or stress-induced, both Prior Walter and Roy Cohn are, in fact, sanctified by their proximity to death, and the liminal "space" of AIDS functions as a metaphor for Purgatory throughout the play. In this magical world, Prior Walter is a pilgrim. AIDS is not only death but a precondition for life, as Prior learns on his prophetic journey. He sees because he has AIDS; he survives because he sees; and in the end, he shares his vision with humanity.
"I cannot live without a macaroon!": Food, Hunger, and the Dangers of Modern American Culture in Edna St. Vincent Millay's Aria da Capo
Authors: Fahy Thomas
Published: March 2013

Most theatre-goers in 1919 would have recognized the dual significance of the banquet in Edna St. Vincent Millay's Aria da Capo as a reference to both the war effort and elite popular culture. Two years earlier, the Food Administration had launched an aggressive publicity and volunteer campaign for food conservation. The decadent food being eaten in the opening scene of the play, however, raises questions about the effectiveness of these efforts and the propaganda used to achieve them. At the same time, this banquet offers a parody of the growing entertainment and restaurant culture in New York City. By 1913, New York was the restaurant capital of the United States. Lobster palaces and other ostentatious dining establishments were hotspots for prosperous urbanites and the uptown theatre crowd — people seeking an escape from everyday life to indulge in material pleasures and the illusions of extreme wealth. The meanings associated with food here reinforce Millay's message about some of the dangerous excesses of American culture more broadly — a culture that often valued escapism over social and political engagement and encouraged audiences to forget history rather than to contemplate its consequences. Just as this play condemns the brutality of war and the coercive power of nationalistic propaganda, it warns that the escapist pleasures of entertainment and modernist art could be socially irresponsible as well. They could, as the title of the play suggests, lead people and nations into thoughtless repetition, into committing the same atrocities over and over again.
The International Publication Productivity of Malaysia in Social Sciences: Developing a Scientific Power Index
Authors: Davarpanah Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate publication output and citation impact in the social sciences in Malaysia, based on Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) data, for the period 1999–2008. In addition to the analysis of trends in publication and citation patterns and national publication profiles, an attempt is made to explore the strengths and weakness of different fields, using a new mathematical index, the scientific power index (PI). The findings indicate that publication output in the social sciences has been on the increase since 1999. Mostpapers have been published in median-impact-factor journals (mean impact factor of 2.72 per paper). Internationally co-authored publications represented 77 per cent of all citations. Most of the prolific authors are from the highly productive institutions; however, none of highly cited first authors are from highly productive institutions. Psychology, economics, management, and environmental studies are the dominant fields in Malaysian social sciences.
Observations on an Emergent Specialization: Contemporary French Cultural History—Significance for Scholarship
Authors: Hérubel Jean-Pierre V.M.
Published: March 2013

The historical profession and its attendant scholarship are composed of different specializations and sub-disciplines. Among these, political, economic, and social history are well known. Recently, historical research has encompassed such fields as environmental, gender, and ethnic history to complement such diverse specialties as history of science, history of technology, and history of exploration. In the past twenty years, cultural history has emerged in France, with characteristics that have engaged newly honed orientations toward the historical examination of cultural production and cultural objects, if not processes. Informed by philosophical and historiographic analysis, as well as by interdisciplinary interventions in historical research and scholarship, contemporary French cultural history focuses on the history of publishing, scholarship, mass media and spectacles, libraries, and museums, as well as opera and music. Not confined to these, contemporary French cultural history privileges specialization in nineteenth- and twentieth-century French phenomena, in the main, but its historiographic innovation and publication extend to an international audience. This cursory and exploratory essay attempts to situate contemporary French cultural history as a specialization and as a vector in the contemporary historiographic landscape.
What Competencies Do Today’s Academic Authors Need?
Authors: Baverstock Alison
Published: March 2013

The traditional model of academic author–publisher relations was one-way and service led, publisher to author. Today the possibilities for content development are vastly greater, underpinned by the two main drivers of change: new technologies and globalization. But within this new order the author, as creator of content, assumes a greater significance, and disintermediation raises the possibility of managing without a publisher altogether. The author of this essay, a former academic/educational publisher now running an MA in Publishing program at Kingston University London, assesses the new competencies that academic authors need and the marketing opportunities and relationships they can harness to promote their work, and encourages them to both be proactive and make the most of the connections with their publisher and their university—to the benefit of all involved.
The Future of Scholarly Journal Publishing among Social Science and Humanities Associations: Report on a Study Funded by a Planning Grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Authors: Waltham Mary
Published: March 2013

The study described in this report grew from recommendations for an investigation into journal economics by the National Humanities Alliance Task Force on Open Access and Scholarly Communications. Since experiments are underway to understand and enable a range of options for a shift to an open access (OA) business model for publishing some scientific, technical, and medical (STM) journals, the question arises, Do these same options exist for a similar shift within humanities and social science (HSS) journals? Findings are reported from detailed analyses of the publishing economics, including all revenues and all costs, of eight flagship US journals across a number of different HSS disciplines. Using actual business information from their association publishers for each of the years 2005, 2006, and 2007, these findings clarify that for this sample of journals, an OA business model based only on revenue from the research article author or producer would not be sufficient to sustain these journals. The research articles published in these journals were longer than typical STM journal articles, and the percentage of non-article content (e.g., book reviews and other scholarly content) was greater. Information-gathering tools and methodologies that enable like-for-like comparison of journal revenues and costs were developed and are described in the report. As an initial in-depth business review of a sample of HSS journals, the report further clarifies some of the key differences between STM and HSS journals, articulates recent journal performance, makes tentative conclusions based on this sample, and proposes further questions that need to be answered to support a shift to OA business models that are sustainable across HSS journal publishing.
Subject Indexes to Poetry: Historical : (See Patriotism. )
Authors: Bell Hazel K
Published: March 2013

This article considers various approaches to the indexing of poetry, and whether (serious) subject indexing of poetry is feasible, examining in particular The Pageant of English Poetry (1924).
Handoff, Dropkick, or Hail Mary Pass: Letting Go of an Academic Journal: The Council of Editors of Learned Journals (CELJ) Keynote Address MLA Convention 2005
Authors: Vandenberg Peter , Hanson David C
Published: March 2013

Drawing on his experience assuming and relinquishing the editorship of the award-winning journal Composition Studies, Peter Vandenberg suggests that a successful editorial transition is the final obligation of a retiring editor, particularly one without imposed term limits. The author illustrates why a successful transition begins with early planning, is made possible by ongoing documentation of practice throughout an editor's term, and culminates in effective mentoring as the new editor becomes acclimated. The author encourages editors to ensure that their commitment is sustained throughout the transition period by planning an exit strategy.
On the Innovative Spirits of Academic Journal Editors
Authors: Wang Fengnian
Published: March 2013

The competition among periodicals and the ever-emerging new ideas compel every journal toward constant innovation. The barriers of traditional concepts, the mind-sets of editors, and the internal knowledge structure of editing all interact to affect the innovative spirit of a journal. Through discussion on optimizing the process of topic selection, keeping pace with academic frontiers, tracing hot social problems, and changing editing methods, this article probes the issue of enhancing the innovative spirits of editors.
Flogging a Dead Book?: Prospects for the Scholarly Book and the University Press in Australia
Authors: James Stephen
Published: March 2013

This article explores an issue that has been neglected in Australia, the intertwined fates of the scholarly book and the university press. These institutions face two significant threats: the commercialization of the university, which has left academics with less time for the patient research and writing needed to produce a monograph, and the 'tyranny of the journal article' (in contrast to that of the monograph, which has been noted in American debates), which has devalued the monograph and thus reduced some of the incentive for academics to write one. After examining the decline of university presses in Australia, the article concludes that they, and the monographs they publish, will best flourish with increased philanthropic, governmental, and university funding; careful list diversification; creative commissioning; cross-subsidization; and the savvy use of electronic and traditional forms of publishing and dissemination.
Iraq’s state-building enterprise: State fragility, state failure and a new social contract
Authors: Bouillon Markus E.
Published: March 2013

In this article, the author argues that the historical magnitude of long-term Iraqi state fragility needs to be adequately taken into account when trying to push forward and consolidate the current state-building exercise in Iraq. The historical depth of the Iraqi challenge is grounded
in prolonged state fragility that existed since Iraq’s creation by Britain through a League of Nations mandate and was compounded by the collapse of the state following the invasion and subsequent occupation in 2003. Drawing on the conceptual literature on state fragility and state failure,
the article demonstrates the extent to which Iraq requires a state to be built physically and conceptually. It then explores the literature on state-building to develop ideas on how to consolidate the Iraqi state, based on an inclusive and enduring social contract. This social contract must
be grounded in a national political dialogue, but politics should be complemented by similar elements of the social contract addressing and manifesting themselves in the economy and security.