bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on a hospital information committee support project in a rural hospital in South Africa
Authors: Neill Mc , Campbell Laura Mary , Blanchard CP
Published: July 2013

Background: This paper presents an overview of support offered to a hospital information committee by a Hospital Information Committee Support Project (HICSP) in a rural area of South Africa. A specific focus is on the support required at various stages of the project, which was underpinned by Change Theory: any change in practice should be an on-going, phased process (pre-contemplation, contemplation and action). Additionally, change must be seen as having some benefit. Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods evaluation was conducted to determine whether the project had met its aims and to explore participants’ experiences. Quantitative data included: number of meetings held, number of workshops held to develop templates, number of templates developed and in use, and number of action plans developed and implemented. Qualitative data included participants` views of the HICSP. In relation to Change Theory, data was analysed to summarise the type of support required during various stages of the HICSP. Results: Quantitative data revealed that the aims of the HICSP were met. In accordance with Change Theory, support must be regularly provided and must be on-going over a relatively prolonged period of time. Qualitative data illustrated that, generally, the support given was considered to be appropriate and participants continued to collect, analyse, use and monitor data and information on completion of the HICSP. Discussion and conclusions: The need for the strategic use of data at a local level to inform decision making and action is unquestionable. The study demonstrates that in an isolated, rural area an information committee can, in accordance with the stages of Change Theory, be supported and empowered so that hospital and nursing managers can confidently use data in a way that is locally meaningful and responsive.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA FERRAMENTA PARA CONSTRUIR DINAMICAMENTE RELATÓRIOS NO CRYSTAL REPORTS
Authors: Stangarlin Luiz Felipe , Silva Francisco Assis da , Rosa Marcelo Vinícius Creres
Published: July 2013

The use of tools has always been necessarysince the beginning of computing, due to repetitive tasks or due to complexity when they were made manually. Because of this, there were several kindsof development tools over the time. Nowadays, CASE tools can generate severalkindsof artifacts suchasforms, source code, documentation and diagrams. However, the report building process is still done by the developer, where he needs to create layout and to add the items what he wants, assembling the report (artifact).This paper describes a tool that generates this software artifact, through the manipulation of objects in the Crystal Report dynamic link library (used for reporting purposes). To generate the artifact templates are used as a base from which visual information are copied, which simplify the definition and improve reuse. The developed architecture is modular and allows the tool to be attached by application developer or to work in conjunction with CASE generators
Unevenness Point Descriptor for Terrain Analysis in Mobile Robot Applications
Authors: Bellone Mauro , Reina Giulio , Giannoccaro Nicola I. , Spedicato Luigi
Published: July 2013

In recent years, the use of imaging sensors that produce a three-dimensional representation of the environment has become an efficient solution to increase the degree of perception of autonomous mobile robots. Accurate and dense 3D point clouds can be generated from traditional stereo systems and laser scanners or from the new generation of RGB-D cameras, representing a versatile, reliable and cost-effective solution that is rapidly gaining interest within the robotics community. For autonomous mobile robots, it is critical to assess the traversability of the surrounding environment, especially when driving across natural terrain. In this paper, a novel approach to detect traversable and non-traversable regions of the environment from a depth image is presented that could enhance mobility and safety through integration with localization, control and planning methods.

The proposed algorithm is based on the analysis of the normal vector of a surface obtained through Principal Component Analysis and it leads to the definition of a novel, so defined, Unevenness Point Descriptor. Experimental results, obtained with vehicles operating in indoor and outdoor environments, are presented to validate this approach.
Multimodal System Based on Electrooculography and Voice Recognition to Control a Robot Arm
Authors: Martínez José A. , Úbeda Andrés , Iáñez Eduardo , Azorín Jose M. , Perez-Vidal Carlos
Published: July 2013

People with severe motor disorders cannot use their arms and/or hands to interact with the environment. In such cases, a human-machine interface can be used to allow these people to perform activities of daily life. Voice recognition would be the best method to control a device devoted to help with these tasks, but this method is very dependent on the background noise and, under certain circumstances, it cannot be used successfully. In this sense, other methods must be included in the system to assist the voice recognition module. In this project, electrooculography (EOG) has been selected due to its stability and robustness. This way, a multimodal system based on EOG and voice recognition has been developed to control a robotic arm. This paper presents the procedures designed to combine both methods to create a multimodal interface useful for disabled people. Tests presented in this document compare the skills of five different users while controlling the robotic arm to perform pick-and-place tasks. Task duration and accuracy have been measured to obtain specific scores that are used to evaluate both interaction methods independently and the multimodal combination of them. The system works successfully using both methods (EOG and voice recognition). In addition, the multimodal interface improves robustness and reduces the uncertainty generated by the environment when there is background noise.
Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Sampling and Equal Distance Parallel Formation Control of Unmanned Surface Bathymetric Vehicle
Authors: Jin Jiucai , Zhang Jie , Guan Sheng , Ma Yi
Published: July 2013

Analysis of the spatial-temporal sampling of Unmanned Surface Bathymetric Vehicles (USBV) is vital for depth measurement performance, which is the basis for optimum sampling of multi-USBV cooperative parallel formations. This paper's ultimate goal is to find the optimum sampling style of multi-USBV parallel formations and to design the corresponding control law. First, the relationship between spatial-temporal sampling intervals and measurement performance is examined using the Objective Analysis method, giving an illustrative example of the sampling of two USBVs. Second, three types of spatial-temporal constraint are defined and the type of USBV is analysed, which is spatially constrained. Lastly, according to the spatially constrained USBV type, the control law for multi-USBV equal-distance parallel formations with spatial synchrony is designed based on self-propelled particles theory, which is validated in the simulations based on the USBV dynamic model.
Current Generation in Double-Matrix Structure: A Theoretical Simulation
Authors: Lukiyanets Bogdan , Matulka Dariya , Grygorchak Ivan
Published: July 2013

Peculiarities of kinetic characteristics in a supramolecular system, in particular, in a double-matrix structure observed at change of the guest content in a matrix-host are investigated. Results obtained within the framework of a time-independent one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with three barrier potential qualitatively explain experimental data. They indicate the importance of size quantization of a system, correlation between energy and geometric characteristics of both guest and host in this case.
Ex Post Impacts of Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project on Cropping Pattern in D.I. Khan district, Pakistanc
Authors: Atta-ur-Rahman  , Amir Nawaz Khan
Published: July 2013

This paper carries out the ex post environmental impacts of Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (CRBIP) on the cropping pattern of district D.I. Khan, Pakistan. Work on the Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC) was started in 1984 and subsequently completed in three stages during 2003-2004. The total cultivable command area of CRBC is 250,000 ha. It commands only left bank area as the slope is from west to east. It spreads over the two provinces i.e. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. The ultimate goal of the CRBIP was to enhance agricultural productivity, employment opportunities and alleviate poverty.
The analysis revealed that there had been large scale changes in the agricultural system, with the construction of CRBC in the arid tract of district D.I. Khan. These changes were both positive and negative. After the advent of CRBC, acreage of both Kharif (summer) and Rabi (winter) crops has improved. The analysis revealed that positive changes have occurred in rice, sugarcane, pulses, wheat, barley, orchards and vegetables. Contrary to this, negative changes were registered in sorghum, millet, oilseed, barley and maize. While comparing the ex post changes in the cropping system, new water loving crops has been introduced as a result of CRBC. It has directly affected the water-table. It was found from the analysis that water-table is inclining at a rapid pace and is serious threat to the crop area.
Wellness Coaching for Obesity: A Case Report
Authors: Schwartz Julie
Published: July 2013

D.S. presented to a medical and surgical weight-loss program to initiate bariatric surgery. He had made numerous attempts at weight loss to no avail and was taking steps toward bariatric surgery as a last viable option. D.S.'s health insurance provider required 3 months of supervised weight loss prior to approval for surgery, and this was initiated with a board-certified bariatrician (MD) and a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)/wellness coach.

D.S. presented with a body mass index (BMI) >40 and was classified as morbidly obese with comorbidities of high cholesterol and hyperglycemia and degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the knees. D.S. began the process outlined by his insurance company, meeting with the MD and RDN/wellness coach monthly. A plan was developed by D.S. and his RDN/wellness coach that alligned with his wellness vision, values, and lifestyle. D.S. ate meals and snacks at regular intervals throughout the day, consumed little to no red meat, increased his consumption of fruits and vegetables, and spent 1 hour daily in a swimming pool—-walking, swimming, or both.

By the end of the 3-month period required by the insurance provider, D.S. had lost more than 30 lbs, improved his exercise capacity, no longer used a cane, and chose to continue with coaching rather than undergo bariatric surgery. D.S. continued to meet with the MD and RDN monthly for 1 year and averaged a 10-lb weight loss per month for a total of 120 lbs, normalizing his blood panels and improving his joint mobility. D.S. continued to meet with the RDN/wellness coach for a total of 10 visits during year 2 and quarterly visits through year 3. D.S. lost a total of 240 lbs, maintained the weight loss over the 3-year period, and achieved these results solely through lifestyle interventions.

Although bariatric surgery is a viable treatment option for class 2 and 3 obesity, many patients pursue this treatment option without the help of medical and commercial weight loss personnel to improve the likelihood of weight loss sustainability. The investment of lifestyle intervention in this circumstance was less than $5000 (exculsive of blood panels) compared with the $20 000 cost of bariatric surgery at the time of intervention.
The genome sequence of the colonial chordate, Botryllus schlosseri
Authors: Voskoboynik Ayelet , Neff Norma F , Sahoo Debashis , Newman Aaron M , Pushkarev Dmitry , Koh Winston , Passarelli Benedetto , Fan H Christina , Mantalas Gary L , Palmeri Karla J , Ishizuka Katherine J , Gissi Carmela , Griggio Francesca , Ben-Shlomo Rachel , Corey Daniel M , Penland Lolita , White Richard A , Weissman Irving L , Quake Stephen R
Published: July 2013

Botryllus schlosseri is a colonial urochordate that follows the chordate plan of development following sexual reproduction, but invokes a stem cell-mediated budding program during subsequent rounds of asexual reproduction. As urochordates are considered to be the closest living invertebrate relatives of vertebrates, they are ideal subjects for whole genome sequence analyses. Using a novel method for high-throughput sequencing of eukaryotic genomes, we sequenced and assembled 580 Mbp of the B. schlosseri genome. The genome assembly is comprised of nearly 14,000 intron-containing predicted genes, and 13,500 intron-less predicted genes, 40% of which could be confidently parceled into 13 (of 16 haploid) chromosomes. A comparison of homologous genes between B. schlosseri and other diverse taxonomic groups revealed genomic events underlying the evolution of vertebrates and lymphoid-mediated immunity. The B. schlosseri genome is a community resource for studying alternative modes of reproduction, natural transplantation reactions, and stem cell-mediated regeneration.
Direct single molecule measurement of TCR triggering by agonist pMHC in living primary T cells
Authors: O'Donoghue Geoff P , Pielak Rafal M , Smoligovets Alexander A , Lin Jenny J , Groves Jay T
Published: July 2013

T cells discriminate between self and foreign antigenic peptides, displayed on antigen presenting cell surfaces, via the TCR. While the molecular interactions between TCR and its ligands are well characterized in vitro, quantitative measurements of these interactions in living cells are required to accurately resolve the physical mechanisms of TCR signaling. We report direct single molecule measurements of TCR triggering by agonist pMHC in hybrid junctions between live primary T cells and supported lipid membranes. Every pMHC:TCR complex over the entire cell is tracked while simultaneously monitoring the local membrane recruitment of ZAP70, as a readout of TCR triggering. Mean dwell times for pMHC:TCR molecular binding of 5 and 54 s were measured for two different pMHC:TCR systems. Single molecule measurements of the pMHC:TCR:ZAP70 complex indicate that TCR triggering is stoichiometric with agonist pMHC in a 1:1 ratio. Thus any signal amplification must occur downstream of TCR triggering.
A longitudinal study of Caenorhabditis elegans larvae reveals a novel locomotion switch, regulated by Gαs signaling
Authors: Nagy Stanislav , Wright Charles , Tramm Nora , Labello Nicholas , Burov Stanislav , Biron David
Published: July 2013

Despite their simplicity, longitudinal studies of invertebrate models are rare. We thus sought to characterize behavioral trends of Caenorhabditis elegans, from the mid fourth larval stage through the mid young adult stage. We found that, outside of lethargus, animals exhibited abrupt switching between two distinct behavioral states: active wakefulness and quiet wakefulness. The durations of epochs of active wakefulness exhibited non-Poisson statistics. Increased Gαs signaling stabilized the active wakefulness state before, during and after lethargus. In contrast, decreased Gαs signaling, decreased neuropeptide release, or decreased CREB activity destabilized active wakefulness outside of, but not during, lethargus. Taken together, our findings support a model in which protein kinase A (PKA) stabilizes active wakefulness, at least in part through two of its downstream targets: neuropeptide release and CREB. However, during lethargus, when active wakefulness is strongly suppressed, the native role of PKA signaling in modulating locomotion and quiescence may be minor.
Fluorescent sensors reporting the activity of ammonium transceptors in live cells
Authors: De Michele Roberto , Ast Cindy , Loqué Dominique , Ho Cheng-Hsun , Andrade Susana LA , Lanquar Viviane , Grossmann Guido , Gehne Sören , Kumke Michael U , Frommer Wolf B
Published: July 2013

Ammonium serves as key nitrogen source and metabolic intermediate, yet excess causes toxicity. Ammonium uptake is mediated by ammonium transporters, whose regulation is poorly understood. While transport can easily be characterized in heterologous systems, measuring transporter activity in vivo remains challenging. Here we developed a simple assay for monitoring activity in vivo by inserting circularly-permutated GFP into conformation-sensitive positions of two plant and one yeast ammonium transceptors (‘AmTrac’ and ‘MepTrac’). Addition of ammonium to yeast cells expressing the sensors triggered concentration-dependent fluorescence intensity (FI) changes that strictly correlated with the activity of the transporter. Fluorescence-based activity sensors present a novel technology for monitoring the interaction of the transporters with their substrates, the activity of transporters and their regulation in vivo, which is particularly valuable in the context of analytes for which no radiotracers exist, as well as for cell-specific and subcellular transport processes that are otherwise difficult to track.
Unidirectional High‐Power Generation via Stress‐Induced Dipole Alignment from ZnSnO3 Nanocubes/Polymer Hybrid Piezoelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Lee Keun Young , Kim Dohwan , Lee Ju‐Hyuck , Kim Tae Yun , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Kim Sang‐Woo
Published: July 2013

The extremely stable high‐power generation from hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerator (HP‐NG) based on a composite of single‐crystalline piezoelectric perovskite zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) nanocubes and polydimethylsiloxane without any electrical poling treatment is reported. The HP‐NG generates large power output under only vertical compression, while there is negligible power generation with other configurations of applied strain, such as bending and folding. This unique high unidirectionality of power generation behavior of the HP‐NG provides desirable features for large‐area piezoelectric power generation based on vertical mechanical compression such as moving vehicles, railway transport, and human walking. The HP‐NGs of ZnSnO3 nanocubes exhibit high mechanical durability, excellent robustness, and high power‐generation performance. A large recordable output voltage of about 20 V and an output current density value of about 1 μA cm−2 are successfully achived, using a single cell of HP‐NG obtained under rolling of a vehicle tire.
Silicon Nanowires for Biosensing, Energy Storage, and Conversion
Authors: Wang Yanli , Wang Tianyu , Da Peimei , Xu Ming , Wu Hao , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: July 2013

Semiconducting silicon nanowires (SiNWs) represent one of the most interesting research directions in nanoscience and nanotechnology, with capabilities of realizing structural and functional complexity through rational design and synthesis. The exquisite control of chemical composition, structure, morphology, doping, and assembly of SiNWs, in both individual and array format, as well as incorporation with other materials, offers a nanoscale building block with unique electronic, optoelectronic, and catalytic properties, thus allowing for a variety of exciting opportunities in the fields of life sciences and renewable energy. This review provides a brief summary of SiNW research in the past decade, from the SiNW synthesis by both the top‐down approaches and the bottom‐up approaches, to several important biological and energy applications including biomolecule sensing, interfacing with cells and tissues, lithium‐ion batteries, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical conversion.
Experimental study of oscillation of axisymmetric turbulent opposed jets with modulated airflow
Authors: Li Wei‐Feng , Huang Guo‐Feng , Tu Gong‐Yi , Liu Hai‐Feng , Wang Fu‐Chen
Published: July 2013

Oscillation behaviors of axisymmetric opposed jets with modulated airflow were experimentally studied. The oscillation frequency, the oscillation amplitude, and the movement velocity of the impingement plane at various nozzle separations, excitation frequencies, and exit turbulence intensities have been investigated by a hot‐wire anemometer and flow visualization technique combined with a high‐speed camera. Results show that the oscillation frequency of the impingement plane is nearly equal to the excitation frequency, whereas the oscillation amplitude decreases with the increase of the excitation frequency. The full‐scale amplitude oscillation occurs at low excitation frequencies and 2 ≤ L/D ≤ 8 (where L is the nozzle separation and D is the diameter of the nozzle exit). With the increase of the exit turbulence intensity caused by a turbulence generating plate, the oscillation amplitude decreases remarkably. Flow regimes of axisymmetric opposed jets with excitations are analyzed and discussed based on the experimental results. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4828–4838, 2013
Outcomes in obese and overweight acute myeloid leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy dosed according to actual body weight
Authors: Wenzell Candice M. , Gallagher Erika M. , Earl Marc , Yeh Jun‐Yen , Kusick Karissa N. , Advani Anjali S. , Kalaycio Matt E. , Mukherjee Sudipto , Tiu Ramon V. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Sekeres Mikkael A.
Published: July 2013

Cytotoxic chemotherapy dosages are traditionally calculated according to body surface area (BSA). No guidelines exist for chemotherapy dosing of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at extremes of weight. We investigated the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy dosed according to BSA based on actual body weight (ABW) among under/normal weight, overweight, and obese AML patients. AML patients (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) treated with anthracycline and cytarabine‐based remission induction chemotherapy from 2002 to 2009 at Cleveland Clinic were divided into three body mass index (BMI) groups: under/normal weight (BMI ≤24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), and obese (BMI ≥30.0). Among 247 AML patients, 81 (33%) were under/normal weight, 81 (33%) were overweight, and 85 (34%) were obese. Complete remission (CR) rates were similar among these groups (69.1, 79.0, and 76.5%, respectively; P = 0.321), as was median survival (10.7, 16.7, and 14.2 months, respectively, P = 0.352) and 30‐day mortality (3.7, 2.5, 7.1%, respectively, P = 0.331). There was no difference among groups in days to neutrophil or platelet recovery, hospitalization days for induction chemotherapy, and bacteremia. After adjustment for confounders (age, sex, BMI, white blood cells, cytogenetic risk, etiology, and bacteremia), overall survival was significantly shorter for normal weight compared to overweight (P = 0.006) and obese (0.038) patients. Response rates and adverse events were not significantly different among AML patients of all weight classes when induction chemotherapy was dosed according to ABW. Induction chemotherapy in these patients can be safely dosed using ABW. Am. J. Hematol. 88:906–909, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cerebrovascular events in sickle cell‐beta thalassemia treated with hydroxyurea: A single center prospective survey in adult Italians
Authors: Rigano Paolo , Pecoraro Alice , Calvaruso Giuseppina , Steinberg Martin H. , Iannello Sonia , Maggio Aurelio
Published: July 2013

Stroke is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) and silent cerebral infarction is the most common form of neurologic injury. The frequency and risk factors for new silent cerebral infarction are incompletely understood. Moreover, no recommended treatment has been established. Although hydroxyurea (HU) is recommended for SCD, concerns remain regarding its role in the prevention of cerebrovascular events, including silent cerebral infarction. A single center population of 104 Italian patients with HbS‐ß thalassemia treated with HU has been followed for a mean of 11 years. Clinical evaluation and brain imaging by Magnetic Resonance Imaging were done before and during HU treatment. During follow‐up, the number of sickle cell crises (86%, 7.8 ± 6.9 vs. 1.2 ± 0.5 per year, P < 0.0001), hospitalizations (2.5 ± 2.9 vs. 0.3 ± 1.5 per year, P < 0.0001), and days in the hospital (22.4 ± 21.9 vs. 0.3±1.5 per year, P < 0.0001) decreased significantly and HbF increased from a mean of 8–20.8%. Cerebral infarcts occurred in 37.5% of patients. Among these, 6.7% had overt strokes, while 30% had new or progressive silent cerebral infarction. Stroke and silent cerebral infarction were not related to clinical hematologic or HbF response to HU. These findings suggest that in adults, HU treatment does not prevent new cerebrovascular events or the progression of existent silent cerebral infarcts in HbS‐β thalassemia. A major benefit of HU is the increase in HbF; the association of high HbF and reduced cerebrovascular disease has been weak. New treatment strategies should be developed for the prevention of sickle cerebrovascular disease. Am. J. Heamtol. 88:E261–E264, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of montmorillonoite modification and maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene/montmorillonoite nanocomposites
Authors: Peng Panpan , Yang Zhihong , Wu Minghu , Zhang Qiaolian , Chen Gang
Published: July 2013

Two types of modified montmorillonite (MMT) were achieved using octadecylamine as the modifying agent by the methods of dry process and wet route. Polypropylene (PP)/MMT nanocomposites were prepared using the melt mixing technique and employing maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐MA) as the compatibilizer. The modification of montmorillonite was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of MMT modification and PP‐MA on the microstructure and properties of PP/MMT nanocomposites was investigated by SEM, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and polarizing microscopy. The results show that organic montmorillonite modified by wet process (WOMMT) has a large d‐spacing increment; whereas montmorillonite modified by dry process (DOMMT) shows little d‐spacing increment. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of composites incorporating WOMMT are better than that containing DOMMT. As a third component, the addition of PP‐MA benefits the formation of exfoliated structure and the dispersion of MMT in PP matrix, and hence, enhances the physical properties of the nanocomposite. With the presence of PP‐MA, the highly dispersed MMT increases the number of spherulite crystals, enhances the melting enthalpy, improves the thermal stability, and induces the desired tiny crazes more effectively. MMT increases the storage modulus (E′) and glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of PP because of the stiffness of MMT layers, but PP‐MA decreases them owing to its high melt flow index, both of which were in favor of improving the physical properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3952–3960, 2013
Modeling heterogeneity for count data: A study of maternal mortality in health facilities in Mozambique
Authors: Loquiha Osvaldo , Hens Niel , Chavane Leonardo , Temmerman Marleen , Aerts Marc
Published: July 2013

Count data are very common in health services research, and very commonly the basic Poisson regression model has to be extended in several ways to accommodate several sources of heterogeneity: (i) an excess number of zeros relative to a Poisson distribution, (ii) hierarchical structures, and correlated data, (iii) remaining “unexplained” sources of overdispersion. In this paper, we propose hierarchical zero‐inflated and overdispersed models with independent, correlated, and shared random effects for both components of the mixture model. We show that all different extensions of the Poisson model can be based on the concept of mixture models, and that they can be combined to account for all different sources of heterogeneity. Expressions for the first two moments are derived and discussed. The models are applied to data on maternal deaths and related risk factors within health facilities in Mozambique. The final model shows that the maternal mortality rate mainly depends on the geographical location of the health facility, the percentage of women admitted with HIV and the percentage of referrals from the health facility.
Chemiluminescence immunoassay for the rapid and sensitive detection of antibody against porcine parvovirus by using horseradish peroxidase/detection antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles as nanoprobes
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Zhou Tao , Zhou Rui , Hu Yonggang
Published: July 2013

A rapid, simple, facile, sensitive and enzyme‐amplified chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method to detect antibodies against porcine parvovirus has been developed. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the detection antibody were simultaneously co‐immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles using the electrostatic method to form gold nanoparticle‐based nanoprobes. This nanoprobe was employed in a sandwich‐type CLIA, which enables CL signal readout from enzymatic catalysis and results in signal amplification. The presence of porcine parvovirus infection was determined in porcine parvovirus antibodies by measuring the CL intensity caused by the reaction of HRP–luminol with H2O2. Under optimal conditions, the obtained calibration plot for the standard positive serum was approximately linear within the dilution range of 1:80 to 1:5120. The limit of detection for the assay was 1:10,240 (S/N = 3), which is much lower than that typically achieved with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (1:160; S/N = 3). A series of repeatability measurements using 1:320‐fold diluted standard positive serum gave reproducible results with a relative standard deviation of 4.9% (n = 11). The ability of the immunosensor to analyze clinical samples was tested on porcine sera. The immunosensor had an efficiency of 90%, a sensitivity of 93.3%, and a specificity of 87.5% relative to the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small‐molecule G‐quadruplex interactions: Systematic exploration of conformational space using multiple molecular dynamics
Authors: Husby Jarmila , Todd Alan K. , Platts James A. , Neidle Stephen
Published: July 2013

G‐quadruplexes are higher‐order four‐stranded structures formed from repetitive guanine‐containing tracts in nucleic acids. They comprise a core of stacked guanine‐quartets linked by loops of length and sequence that vary with the context in which the quadruplex sequence occurs. Such sequences can be found in a number of genomic environments; at the telomeric ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, in promoter regions, in untranslated sequences and in open reading frames. Quadruplex formation can inhibit telomere maintenance, transcription and translation, especially when enhanced by quadruplex‐binding small molecules, and quadruplex targeting is currently of considerable interest. The available experimental structural data shows that quadruplexes can have high conformational flexibility, especially in loop regions, which has hampered attempts to use high‐throughput docking to find quadruplex‐binding small‐molecules with new scaffolds or to optimize existing ones with structure‐based design methods. An approach to overcome the challenge of quadruplex conformational flexibility is presented here, which uses a combined multiple molecular dynamics and sampling approach. Two test small molecules have been used, RHPS4 and pyridostatin, which themselves have contrasting degrees of conformational flexibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 989–1005, 2013.
Influence of amylopectin structure and degree of phosphorylation on the molecular composition of potato starch lintners
Authors: Wikman Jeanette , Blennow Andreas , Buléon Alain , Putaux Jean‐Luc , Pérez Serge , Seetharaman Koushik , Bertoft Eric
Published: July 2013

Morphology, molecular structure, and thermal properties of potato starch granules with low to high phosphate content were studied as an effect of mild acid hydrolysis (lintnerization) to 80% solubilization at two temperatures (25 and 45°C). Light microscopy showed that the lintners contained apparently intact granules, which disintegrated into fragments upon dehydration. Transmission electron microscopy of rehydrated lintners revealed lacy networks of smaller subunits. The molecular composition of the lintners suggested that they largely consisted of remnants of crystalline lamellae. When lintnerization was performed at 45°C, the lintners contained more of branched dextrins compared to 25°C in both low and intermediate phosphate‐containing samples. High‐phosphate‐containing starch was, however, unaffected by temperature and this was probably due to an altered amylopectin structure rather than the phosphate content. After lintnerization, the melting endotherms were broad with decreased onset and increased peak melting temperatures. The relative crystallinity was lower in lintners prepared at 45°C. A hypothesis that combines the kinetics of lintnerization with the molecular and thermal characteristics of the lintners is presented. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 257–271, 2014.
Molecularly imprinted polymer in microextraction by packed sorbent for the simultaneous determination of local anesthetics: lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine in plasma and urine samples
Authors: Daryanavard Seyed Mosayeb , Jeppsson‐Dadoun Amin , Andersson Lars I. , Hashemi Mahdi , Colmsjö Anders , Abdel‐Rehim Mohamed
Published: July 2013

This study presents the use of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as packing material for microextraction by packed syringe (MEPS) to achieve higher extraction selectivity. Pentycaine was used as template for MIP. Development and validation of the determination of lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine in human plasma and urine samples utilizing MIP‐MEPS and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) were carried out. The MEPS MIP‐cartridge could be used for 100 extractions before it was discarded. The extraction recovery ranged from 60 to 80%. The correlation coefficients values were >0.999 for all assays using lidocaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine in the calibration range 5–2000 nmol/L. The accuracy of the studied compounds, given as a percentage variation from the nominal concentration values, ranged from ‐4.9 to 8.4% using plasma and urine samples. The between‐batch precision, given as the relative standard deviation, at three different concentrations (quality control samples) was ranged from −4.7 to 14.0% and from 1.8 to 12.7% in plasma and urine, respectively. The lower limit of quantification and limit of detection of the studied substances were 5.0 and 1.0 nm, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of chikusetsusaponin V and chikusetsusaponin IV in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and its application to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Qi Dongli , Yang Xiaolin , Chen Jing , Li Fei , Shi Xiupu , Zhang Chunfeng , Yang Zhonglin
Published: July 2013

A sensitive liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for determination of two major bioactive saponins in rat plasma after oral administration of saponins extracted from Rhizoma Panacis Japonici, including chikusetsusaponin V and chikusetsusaponin IV for the first time. Akebia saponin D was used as the internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation with methanol. A Phenomenex C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 4 µm) was used as the analytical column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.05% aqueous formic acid. Mass spectrometric detection was achieved by single quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization interface operating in negative ionization mode. Calibration curves showed good linearity over the concentration range of 5–500 ng/mL for the two analytes in rat plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐batch precisions were within 10.3% and accuracy ranged from −3.9 to 5.4%. The method was validated and successfully applied to the preliminary pharmacokinetic study of chikusetsusaponin V and chikusetsusaponin IV in rat plasma after oral administration of saponins extracted from Rhizoma Panacis Japonici. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping sensory nerve communications between peripheral nerve territories
Authors: Ladak Adil , Tubbs R. Shane , Spinner Robert J.
Published: July 2013

The human cutaneous sensory map has been a work in progress over the past century, depicting sensory territories supplied by both the spinal and cranial nerves. Two critical discoveries, which shaped our understanding of cutaneous innervation, were sensory dermatome overlap between contiguous spinal levels and axial lines across areas where no sensory overlap exists. These concepts define current dermatome maps. We wondered whether the overlap between contiguous sensory territories was even tighter: if neural communications were present in the peripheral nerve territories consistently connecting contiguous spinal levels? A literature search using peer‐reviewed articles and established anatomy texts was performed aimed at identifying the presence of communications between sensory nerves in peripheral nerve territories and their relationship to areas of adjacent and non‐adjacent spinal or cranial nerves and axial lines (lines of discontinuity) in the upper and lower limbs, trunk and perineum, and head and neck regions. Our findings demonstrate the consistent presence of sensory nerve communications between peripheral nerve territories derived from spinal nerves within areas of axial lines in the upper and lower limbs, trunk and perineum, and head and neck. We did not find examples of communications crossing axial lines in the limbs or lines of discontinuity in the face, but did find examples crossing axial lines in the trunk and perineum. Sensory nerve communications are common. They unify concepts of cutaneous innervation territories and their boundaries, and refine our understanding of the sensory map of the human skin. Clin. Anat. 27:681–690, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TandemHeart placement for cardiogenic shock in acute severe mitral regurgitation and right ventricular failure
Authors: Hira Ravi S. , Thamwiwat Alisa , Kar Biswajit
Published: July 2013

We report a case of a patient with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) due to infective endocarditis with preserved left ventricular systolic function complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and cardiogenic shock. He was evaluated by cardiothoracic surgery for mitral valve replacement (MVR). It appeared that the high pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) had been chronic with acute worsening, thus raising concerns that it may not promptly reverse after MVR, putting him at high risk for postoperative RV failure and increasing the risk of mortality. A TandemHeart (TH) percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) was placed with improvement in hemodynamics following which MVR was done. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the preoperative use of the TH pVAD in severe acute MR for hemodynamic stabilization in preparation for MVR. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ductal spasm during performance of transcatheter ductal occlusion
Authors: Batlivala Sarosh P. , Glatz Andrew C. , Gillespie Matthew J. , Dori Yoav , Rome Jonathan J.
Published: July 2013

Objectives

Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion is a staple of pediatric catheterization laboratories. We present the phenomenon of significant PDA spasm to prevent failure to occlude a hemodynamically significant duct.

Background

Transcatheter techniques have evolved, allowing safe and effective occlusion of PDAs in younger and smaller patients. Neonatal care is evolving with increasing survival at younger gestational ages. Premature infants often have PDAs, so the proportion of formerly premature children referred for transcatheter ductal occlusion will likely rise.

Methods

We reviewed all transcatheter PDA occlusions performed at our institution since 2001 (N = 331). Retrospective data included: gestational age, age at catheterization, precatheterization echocardiographic parameters, PDA size (after spasm relief), device specifications, and most recent follow‐up data.

Results

Seven cases were identified. Median age was 12 months, median gestational age was 28 weeks. All were born prematurely. All PDAs were restrictive and six had left‐heart volume overload. All patients were examined by the interventional cardiologist and had ductal murmurs. When reauscultated (three of seven), murmurs were absent during spasm. Once spasm relieved, PDA diameters ranged from 1.5 to 8 (median 2) mm. All patients accommodated a 6‐mm—or larger—Amplatzer device. No significant complications occurred and all patients were well at follow‐up.

Conclusions

Ductal spasm occurs during transcatheter occlusion and may be an unrecognized cause of procedural failure. The phenomenon seems to occur in children born prematurely, and can occur after infancy. Loss of a continuous murmur confirms the diagnosis. Care should be taken to avoid device under‐sizing when spasm occurs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delayed perforation after percutaneous coronary intervention: Rare and potentially lethal
Authors: Stathopoulos Ioannis A. , Kossidas Konstantinos , Garratt Kirk N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Cardiac tamponade is a grave but fortunately uncommon complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Few studies have specifically addressed angiographic characteristics and outcomes associated with delayed cardiac tamponade after PCI. With the current study we tried to define the incidence of this complication and to characterize the events in order to improve our understanding of the likely mechanisms.

Methods/Results

We reviewed 23,399 PCIs performed at our institution during an 8‐year period (1999–2006) and we present 10 cases of delayed tamponade. A brief description of each case is provided and findings from retrospective review of the coronary angiography, as well as features of PCI complexity are presented. Also, we summarize the procedural characteristics and outcomes. Delayed perforations are rare and possibly preventable. They usually occur after complex interventions and mostly attributed to distal wire perforations. Surgical intervention is needed less often today than before. Successful pericardiocentesis is of paramount importance.

Conclusions

The potential lethal outcome associated with delayed tamponade emphasizes the importance of taking steps to prevent this complication. First, prevention and, second, prompt treatment should be the goal, with the use of appropriate technique, clinical awareness, and vigilance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A meta‐analysis of transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy for prevention of recurrent thromboembolic events in patients with cryptogenic cerebrovascular events
Authors: Pineda Andrés M. , Nascimento Francisco O. , Yang Solomon C. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Sommer Robert J. , Beohar Nirat
Published: July 2013

Objectives

We sought to perform a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing percutaneous patent‐foramen‐ovale (PFO) closure with medical therapy for preventing recurrent thromboembolic events after cryptogenic stroke.

Background

Observational studies suggested that transcatheter PFO closure decreases recurrent events after cryptogenic stroke; however, three recent RCTs failed to demonstrate such benefit.

Methods

Trials were identified from the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Primary endpoint was the composite of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic cerebrovascular events (CVA). Both intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and as‐treated analyses (AT) were performed.

Results

Three RCTs met inclusion criteria. The pooled data provided 2,303 patients, of which 1,150 were in the PFO closure group and 1,153 in the medical therapy group. In the ITT analysis, there were 43 events (3.7%) of the composite end point in the closure group compared with 61 events (5.3%) in the medical therapy group, with a trend in favor of the PFO closure (OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47–1.05, P = 0.08). The incidences of TIA, ischemic CVA, and bleeding were not statistically different between the groups. There was a trend for the more frequent occurrence of atrial fibrillation in the PFO closure group (OR = 3.29; 95% CI, 0.86–12.60, P = 0.08). In the AT analysis, the composite end point was significantly less frequent in the PFO closure group (OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41–0.94, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

In this meta‐analysis of contemporary RCTs, successful transcatheter closure of PFO might be more effective than medical therapy alone for the prevention of recurrent thromboembolic events. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and feasibility of transulnar catheterization when ipsilateral radial access is not available
Authors: Kedev Sasko , Zafirovska Biljana , Dharma Surya , Petkoska Danica
Published: July 2013

Objectives

We evaluated the safety and feasibility of transulnar approach when ipsilateral radial access was not available.

Methods and Results

From March 2011 until February 2013, 476 consecutive patients who underwent transulnar catheterization were included in a single center prospective registry of effectiveness and safety. Diagnostic coronary angiography accounted for 42% of cases, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for 38%, and 17% underwent carotid artery stenting. A subgroup analysis was done in 240 patients with documented ipsilateral radial artery occlusion (RAO). Procedural success was 97% with a crossover rate of 3% to transfemoral access. Hand ischemia was not observed in any patient on day 1 after procedure and on 1 month follow‐up. None of the patients showed ulnar nerve injury. Two patients developed major forearm hematoma that resolved without clinical consequences. Minor access site hematoma occurred in 8%. Severe clinical spasm occurred in two patients. Asymptomatic ulnar artery occlusion at 1 month follow‐up was detected in 3.1%. There was no difference between patients with or without RAO in terms of procedural success and any vascular complication.

Conclusion

Transulnar approach is safe and feasible alternative wrist access when performed by experienced radial operators, providing high success rate and low incidence of vascular complications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous Catalysis of the Three‐Component Coupling of Oxysulfonyl Azides, Alkynes, and Amines
Authors: Yang Tao , Cui Hao , Zhang Changhe , Zhang Li , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: July 2013

A reliable procedure for the synthesis of oxysulfonyl azides has been developed and applied to the three‐component coupling reactions of azides, alkynes, and amines catalyzed homogeneously by CuI, which led to the formation of N‐oxysulfonyl amidines with good yields. To fully evaluate the catalytic activity towards this coupling reaction, two coordination frameworks, namely, Cu2I2(PDIN) without micropores and Cu2I2(BTTP4) with micropores (PDIN=1,4‐phenylene diisonicotinate, BTTP4=benzene‐1,3,5‐triyltriisonicotinate), were prepared by a facile one‐pot reaction as heterogeneous catalysts. Catalytic results showed that nonporous Cu2I2(PDIN) was almost inactive for the three‐component coupling reaction, whereas microporous Cu2I2(BTTP4) was an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of N‐oxysulfonyl amidines. Furthermore, porous Cu2I2(BTTP4) displayed a shape‐selective performance with respect to the alkyne substrates, and aromatic alkynes were preferable to aliphatic alkynes. The location of the catalytically active sites in the Cu2I2(BTTP4) framework has been studied by a series physical techniques, which includes powder XRD, CO2 gas adsorption, IR spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which suggests that the catalytic sites are not only on the external surface but also inside the micropores.