bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benzodiazepine prescription in Ontario residents aged 65 and over: a population-based study from 1998 to 2013
Authors: Davies Simon J.C. , Jacob Binu , Rudoler David , Zaheer Juveria , de Oliveira Claire , Kurdyak Paul
Published: December 2017

Background:

Although commonly used in anxiety and insomnia, recent guidelines recommend caution when prescribing benzodiazepines in the elderly. Here we examined rates of benzodiazepine prescribing to older adults in Ontario, Canada from 1998 to 2013 and impact of legislation that made prescribing regulations more strict.

Method:

Annual benzodiazepine prescription rates for Ontario residents aged 65 and over were examined using the Ontario Drug Benefit database which captures all publicly funded prescriptions. Since most drugs, including benzodiazepines, are funded for residents aged ⩾65, data are essentially population-based. Weighted least squares regression methods were used to examine trends in prescribing rates (all benzodiazepines, anxiolytics, hypnotics, short- and long-acting drugs and individual drugs) from 1998 to 2013 for all Ontario residents aged ⩾65 and by sex and 5-year age bands. Impact on monthly prescribing rates of legislative changes (November 2011) which aimed to promote appropriate prescribing and dispensing practices for controlled substances, including requiring prescribers to record specified information, was assessed by constructing an interrupted time-series model.

Results:

Benzodiazepines were prescribed to 23.2% of the 1,412,638 Ontario residents aged ⩾65 in 1998, declining to 14.9% of 2,057,899 residents aged ⩾65 in 2013 ( p < 0.001 for trend). Rates were significantly greater throughout in older age bands ( p < 0.001) and 1.54–1.62 times greater in females than males ( p < 0.001). Lorazepam was the most prescribed benzodiazepine throughout, but rates declined from 11.4% in 1998 to 8.5% in 2013. Diazepam rates fell from 2.3% to 0.7%. However, clonazepam prescription rates increased until 2011, 1.7-fold overall. After the November 2011 legal changes, downward shifts were observed in total benzodiazepine prescription rates and for each drug individually. The step function, conditional on covariates, suggested benzodiazepine rates after November 2011 were 2.89 per 1000 ( p < 0.001) below rates observed previously, representing a relative reduction of 4.8% compared to the year before the intervention.

Conclusion:

Benzodiazepine prescribing rates declined markedly in this population from 1998 to 2013. Targeted legislation may have reduced rates, but the effect, although statistically significant, was small.
A case of legionella pneumonia caused by home use of continuous positive airway pressure
Authors: Schnirman Ruby , Nur Nasifa , Bonitati Alice , Carino Gerardo
Published: December 2017

A 67-year-old woman with morbid obesity and severe obstructive sleep apnea presented to the emergency department with 2 days of productive cough, fever, shortness of breath and loose stools. A chest x-ray showed extensive bilateral infiltrates, and she was quickly intubated for acute hypoxic respiratory failure. A urine legionella antigen test was positive, and she was admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of severe legionella pneumonia. She improved over the next week with a course of levofloxacin. Once improved, the state health department visited her home and interviewed her husband and determined that she had not been cleaning her continuous positive pressure mask, tubing and humidifier appropriately. They concluded that the legionella likely came from her continuous positive airway pressure equipment. Cases of legionella pneumonia have frequently been reported through infected water supplies and even respiratory equipment. It is crucial that the mask and tubing used with these devices are cleaned appropriately to minimize the risk of infection.
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from colon endometriosis
Authors: Palla Viktoria-Varvara , Karaolanis Georgios , Bliona Theodora , Katafigiotis Ioannis , Anastasiou Ioannis , Hassiakos Demetrios
Published: December 2017

Endometriosis-associated intestinal tumors represent the malignant transformation of gastrointestinal endometriosis. Approximately 50 cases have been reported in the literature. They are most commonly found among women aged 30–60 years, whereas exogenous hormone therapy and obesity are primary risk factors for the malignant transformation of endometriotic lesions. Clinical features simulate a primary colonic carcinoma. A high index of suspicion in conjunction with careful histological and immunohistochemical examination (CK7, CK20, CDX2, CD10, ER, and PR) is important for establishing a correct diagnosis. In this article, a rare case of a postmenopausal woman with no risk factors and conflicting clinical presentation, diagnosed with endometriosis-associated intestinal tumor, is described.
A spicy status: Synthetic cannabinoid (spice) use and new-onset refractory status epilepticus—A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Babi Marc-Alain , Robinson Christopher P , Maciel Carolina B
Published: December 2017

Synthetic cannabinoids refer to a wide variety of chemicals engineered to bind cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and mimic the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocanabinol. The potential for severe toxicity and limited in vivo data make synthetic cannabinoid intake an important public health and safety concern. Neurologic toxidromes associated with their use include mental status changes, panic attacks, memory distortions, acute psychosis (e.g. paranoia, delusional thoughts), disorganized behavior, and suicidal and homicidal thoughts. Systemic complications include vomiting, sinus tachycardia, myocardial infarction, and acute kidney injury. Seizures are common; however, status epilepticus is not widely reported. In this case report, we describe a patient who developed acute psychosis and new-onset refractory status epilepticus necessitating emergent neurological life-support and prolonged admission to an intensive care unit following abuse of synthetic cannabinoids. We include a brief review of the literature to prepare the treating clinician for the broad clinical spectrum of this increasingly common intoxication.
Exploring Alcohol Use Motivations in Underage College Students
Authors: Cooper Brittany Rhoades , Weybright Elizabeth H. , Bumpus Matthew F. , Hill Laura G. , Agley Jon
Published: December 2017

The goal of this article is to illustrate how a person-centered analytic approach can inform our understanding of alcohol use motivations in underage college students and to build off of a related analysis with legal-aged students. Data come from 2,346 students who were under 21 years old and reported using alcohol in the past year in the 2013 Indiana College Substance Use Survey. Latent class analysis identified four underage drinking motivation subgroups and examined associations between subgroup membership and alcohol-related behavior and consequences. The groups varied in their combination of alcohol motivations and their alcohol-related behaviors and consequences. Results for the present study confirm the variability in motivations for alcohol use and provide valuable information about the characteristics of those groups at highest risk, which can inform content and intensity of prevention efforts targeted at underage college students.
The Impact of Body Checking on Youth Ice Hockey Injuries
Authors: Trofa David P. , Park Caroline N. , Noticewala Manish S. , Lynch T. Sean , Ahmad Christopher S. , Popkin Charles A.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Body checking is a common cause of youth ice hockey injuries. Consequently, USA Hockey raised the minimum age at which body checking is permitted from the Pee Wee level (11-12 years old) to the Bantam level (13-14 years old) in 2011.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of body checking on the distribution of injuries reported in youth ice hockey players. We hypothesized that the elimination of body checking at the Pee Wee level would lower the frequency of serious injuries, particularly concussions.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), a United States Consumer Product Safety Commission database, were analyzed for Pee Wee and Bantam players between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010 and again between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015. Data on the location of injury, diagnosis, and mechanism of injury were collected. The location of injury was categorized into 4 groups: head and neck, upper extremity, lower extremity, and core. Diagnoses investigated included concussions, fractures, lacerations, strains or sprains, internal organ injuries, and other. The mechanism of injury was broken down into 2 categories: checking and other.

Results:

Between the 2008-2010 and 2013-2015 seasons, overall injuries decreased by 16.6% among Pee Wee players, with injuries caused by body checking decreasing by 38.2% ( P = .012). There was a significant change in the distribution of diagnoses in the Pee Wee age group during this time frame ( P = .007): strains or sprains, internal organ injuries, and fractures decreased in frequency, while the number of concussions increased by 50.0%. In the Bantam age group, recorded injuries decreased by 6.8%, and there was no change in the distribution of the location of injury, diagnosis, or mechanism of injury ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

There was an observed reduction in the total number, mechanism, and type of injuries when body checking was eliminated from the Pee Wee level. There was, however, an unexpected increase in the number of concussions.
Lexical-Access Ability and Cognitive Predictors of Speech Recognition in Noise in Adult Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Kaandorp Marre W. , Smits Cas , Merkus Paul , Festen Joost M. , Goverts S. Theo
Published: December 2017

Not all of the variance in speech-recognition performance of cochlear implant (CI) users can be explained by biographic and auditory factors. In normal-hearing listeners, linguistic and cognitive factors determine most of speech-in-noise performance. The current study explored specifically the influence of visually measured lexical-access ability compared with other cognitive factors on speech recognition of 24 postlingually deafened CI users. Speech-recognition performance was measured with monosyllables in quiet (consonant-vowel-consonant [CVC]), sentences-in-noise (SIN), and digit-triplets in noise (DIN). In addition to a composite variable of lexical-access ability (LA), measured with a lexical-decision test (LDT) and word-naming task, vocabulary size, working-memory capacity (Reading Span test [RSpan]), and a visual analogue of the SIN test (text reception threshold test) were measured. The DIN test was used to correct for auditory factors in SIN thresholds by taking the difference between SIN and DIN: SRTdiff. Correlation analyses revealed that duration of hearing loss (dHL) was related to SIN thresholds. Better working-memory capacity was related to SIN and SRTdiff scores. LDT reaction time was positively correlated with SRTdiff scores. No significant relationships were found for CVC or DIN scores with the predictor variables. Regression analyses showed that together with dHL, RSpan explained 55% of the variance in SIN thresholds. When controlling for auditory performance, LA, LDT, and RSpan separately explained, together with dHL, respectively 37%, 36%, and 46% of the variance in SRTdiff outcome. The results suggest that poor verbal working-memory capacity and to a lesser extent poor lexical-access ability limit speech-recognition ability in listeners with a CI.
Marcellus Shale model stimulation tests and microseismic response yield insights into mechanical properties and the reservoir discrete fracture network
Authors: Wilson Thomas H. , Carr Tim , Carney B. J. , Yates Malcolm , MacPhail Keith , Morales Adrian , Costello Ian , Hewitt Jay , Jordon Emily , Uschner Natalie , Thomas Miranda , Akin Si , Magbagbeola Oluwaseun , Johansen Asbjoern , Hogarth Leah , Anifowoshe Olatunbosun , Naseem Kashif
Published: December 2017

We have developed stimulation tests of a model discrete fracture network (DFN) in the Marcellus Shale reservoir, Morgantown, West Virginia. The microseismic response observed from the modeled stage is characteristic of that observed in several stages along the length of the horizontal well, so that the workflow developed in this paper can be easily extended to other stages in this and other Marcellus Shale wells. The model DFN is designed using log data, including fracture image logs from vertical pilot and horizontal wells. Data from these wells provide geomechanical properties, fracture trend and intensity, and stress orientation. Microseismic cluster trends provide additional constraints on geomechanical model development. Results from stimulation tests are used to modify the reservoir DFN and geomechanical model. Modifications ensure consistency with borehole observations. Fractures observed along the length of the horizontal well consist predominantly of one set, whereas two sets are observed in the vertical pilot well. These two sets are required in the model DFN to reproduce the stimulation trend inferred from microseismic data. Northeast asymmetry in the microseismicity associated with hydraulic fracture treatment is interpreted to result from a horizontal drop of [Formula: see text] toward a previously drilled well. The asymmetry is interpreted to result from stress reduction associated with treatment of an earlier parallel well, the presence of a cross-strike structure parallel to the well, or a combination of the two. Limited downward growth, inferred from the microseismic response, required an increase of the minimum stress in model strata underlying the Marcellus.
Front-Line Treatment Options for Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Shah Neil P.
Published: December 2017

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

A 40-year-old woman with a past medical history of hypertension and occasional premature ventricular contractions was found on routine blood work in June 2011 to have mild thrombocytosis, with a platelet count of 405,000. In November 2011, repeat analysis revealed a platelet count of 433,000, and by February 2012 her platelet count was 509,000. She had no evidence of leukocytosis or anemia and no symptoms of early satiety, night sweats, pruritus, or erythromelalgia. She was referred to a hematologist for evaluation of persistent isolated thrombocytosis in March 2012. Her spleen was not palpable, and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for JAK2/V617F was negative. A bone marrow biopsy and aspiration revealed a mildly hypercellular marrow (70% to 80% cellularity), with an elevated myeloid:erythroid ratio of 5:1, increased megakaryocytes including micromegakaryocytes in the absence of increased blasts. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome translocation in 17 out of 20 metaphases. The remaining three metaphases were normal karyotype. Quantitative PCR for BCR-ABL1 yielded a value of 29.6% on the International Scale.
Low-grade Gliomas
Authors: Schiff David
Published: December 2017

Purpose of Review: Low-grade gliomas present vexing management issues for neuro-oncologists. The relatively long survival compared to other brain tumors makes consideration of treatment toxicity, and thus timing of potentially damaging interventions such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, crucial. Moreover, the rarity of these tumors makes clinical trials to ascertain optimal care challenging.

Recent Findings: The discovery that most low-grade gliomas harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations that confer a favorable prognosis has improved diagnosis and risk stratification of these tumors. Although Level 1 evidence is still lacking, increasing data support the concept of maximal safe tumor debulking as a first step in tumor management. Preliminary results from a large randomized trial suggest chemotherapy is of comparable effectiveness to radiation therapy for one molecular subtype of low-grade glioma. Importantly, however, the final results of a phase 3 trial comparing radiation with or without procarbazine, CCNU (lomustine), and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy indicate a large survival advantage to combined chemotherapy and radiation, raising questions about using chemotherapy alone as an initial treatment strategy.

Summary: While the combination of radiation and PCV provides the best proven overall survival with low-grade gliomas, important questions remain. These include whether the better-tolerated temozolomide is as effective as PCV in conjunction with radiation therapy and whether the use of initial chemotherapy as a strategy to defer the potential delayed cognitive toxicity associated with radiation will yield acceptable survival results with a favorable toxicity profile.
High-grade Gliomas
Authors: Nayak Lakshmi , Reardon David A.
Published: December 2017

Purpose of Review: This article reviews the standard treatment for high-grade gliomas, with a focus on promising new strategies and response assessment.

Recent Findings: The new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors classifies high-grade gliomas based on molecular markers that are of prognostic and therapeutic significance. The addition of chemotherapy, specifically procarbazine, CCNU (lomustine), and vincristine, to radiation in newly diagnosed 1p/19q codeleted anaplastic oligodendrogliomas doubled overall survival. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the addition of tumor treating fields to adjuvant temozolomide after radiation with concurrent temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. A phase3 trial for recurrent glioblastoma did not show an overall survival benefit for the addition of bevacizumab to lomustine compared to lomustine alone. Current efforts are focused on the development of novel treatment approaches, including molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies.

Summary: Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy remain the standard treatment options for patients with high-grade gliomas. Despite aggressive treatment, these tumors progress, and overall outcomes have not changed much in the past decade. However, our understanding of the disease is improving, and newer therapies appear promising.
Εθνικά κράτη, εθνικισμός και δημοκρατία στην Ευρώπη 19ος-20ός αιώνας
Authors: Puhle Hans-Jurgen
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
Απόδημος ελληνισμός και εθνικά θέματα
Authors: Καζάκος Πάνος
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
ΥΠΟΚΕΙΜΕΝΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ, ΙΔΕΟΛΟΓΙΑ: Βιβλιοκριτικό δοκίμιο για το βιβλίο του Κ. Δοξιάδη Υποκειμενικότητα και εξουσία: Για τη θεωρία της ιδεολογίας
Authors: Σταυρακάκης Γιάννης
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available
Μια απάντηση
Authors: Δοξιάδης Κύρκος
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available
Ο κομμουνισμός στον ελλαδικό αγροτικό χώρο. Η περίπτωση του Μανταμάδου, 1922-1985
Authors: Μαραντζίδης Νίκος
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
J.-WILLIAM LAPIERRE, Η ανάλυση των συστημάτων. Η εφαρμογή στις κοινωνικές επιστήμες (L’analyse de systèmes. L’application aux sciences sosiales), έκδοση Syros, 1992
Authors: Μεταξάς Α.-Ι. Δ.
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available
ΕΤΙΕΝ ΜΠΑΛΙΜΠΑΡ - ΙΜΜΑΝΟΥΕΛ ΒΑΛΛΕΡΣΤΑΪΝ, Φυλή, έθνος, τάξη. Οι διφορούμενες ταυτότητες, (μετ. Α. Ελεφάντης, Ε. Καλαφάτη), εκδ. Ο πολίτης 1991, 348 σελ.
Authors: Γκοτσόπουλος Θ. Δ.
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available
«Τζαμπατζήδες» στη χώρα των θαυμάτων. Περί Ελλήνων στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Τσουκαλάς Κωνσταντίνος
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
Το κράτος στην ύστερη ανάπτυξη: Ιστορικές και συγκριτικές διαστάσεις
Authors: Μουζέλης Νίκος
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
Μέθοδος και κόσμος
Authors: Βαλλιάνος Περικλής
Published: December 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά
A polyalanine antibody for the diagnosis of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy and polyalanine-related diseases
Authors: Stochmanski Shawn J. , Blondeau François , Girard Martine , Hince Pascale , Rochefort Daniel , Gaspar Claudia , Dion Patrick A. , McPherson Peter S. , Rouleau Guy A.
Published: December 2017

Eighteen severe human diseases have so far been associated with trinucleotide repeat expansions coding for either polyalanine (encoded by a GCN repeat tract) or polyglutamine (encoded by a CAG repeat tract).  Among them, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 (SCA3), and Huntington’s disease (HD) are late-onset autosomal-dominant disorders characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusions (INIs).  We have previously identified the OPMD causative mutation as a small expansion (from 2 in normal to 7 in disease) of a GCG repeat tract in the PABPN1 gene.  In addition, -1 ribosomal frameshifting has been reported to occur in expanded CAG repeat tracts in the ATXN3 (SCA3) and HTT (HD) genes, resulting in the translation of a hybrid CAG/GCA repeat tract and the production of a polyalanine-containing peptide.  Previous studies on OPMD suggest that polyalanine-induced toxicity is very sensitive to the dosage and length of the alanine stretch.  Here we report the characterization of a polyclonal antibody that selectively recognizes pathological expansions of polyalanine in PABPN1.  Furthermore, our antibody also detects the presence of alanine proteins in INIs of SCA3 and HD patient samples.
Healthcare choices in Mumbai slums: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Naydenova Elina , Raghu Arvind , Ernst Johanna , Sahariah Sirazul A. , Gandhi Meera , Murphy Georgina
Published: December 2017

Background: Informal urban settlements, known as slums, are the home for a large proportion of the world population. Healthcare in these environments is extremely complex, driven by poverty, environmental challenges, and poor access to formal health infrastructures. This study investigated healthcare challenges faced and choices made by slum dwellers in Mumbai, India.

Methods: Structured interviews with 549 slum dwellers from 13 slum areas in Mumbai, India, were conducted in order to obtain a population profile of health-related socio-economic and lifestyle factors, disease history and healthcare access. Statistical tools such as multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the association between such factors and health choices.

Results: Private providers (or a mixture of public and private) were seen to be preferred by the study population for most health conditions (62% - 90% health consultations), apart from pregnancy (43% health consultations). Community-based services were also preferred to more remote options. Stark differences in healthcare access were observed between well-known conditions, such as minor injuries, pulmonary conditions, and pregnancy and emerging challenges, such as hypertension and diabetes. A number of socio-economic and lifestyle factors were found to be associated with health-related decisions, including choice of provider and expenditure.

Conclusions: Better planning and coordination of health services, across public and private providers, is required to address mortality and morbidity in slum communities in India. This study provides insights into the complex landscape of diseases and health providers that slum dwellers navigate when accessing healthcare. Findings suggest that integrated services and public-private partnerships could help address demand for affordable community-based care and progress towards the target of universal health coverage.
ЛИТЕРАТУРНАЯ ЛЕГЕНДА: КОГНИТИВНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ЖАНРА
Authors: Tuliakova Natalia Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2017

Воспринимаемый как одна из важнейших таксономических категорий, жанр является также средством восприятия, понимания и отражения действительности и имеет, таким образом, когнитивную основу. Настоящая статья представляет собой попытку анализа когнитивной жанровой модели литературной легенды. Цель исследования – установить типичные черты образца, по которому строятся многочисленные литературные легенды XIX века. Когнитивная модель жанра состоит из формальных признаков, а именно обязательных, стандартных и опционных, и идеальной когнитивной модели реальности, которая соотносится с авторским замыслом. Материалом для анализа послужили литературные легенды XIX века, написанные на различных языках. Были отобраны те тексты, которые содержат жанровый идентификатор «легенда» в заглавии и или подзаголовке текста или цикла, в который входит текст. Ядерные формальные признаки легенды связаны с ее конфликтом, сюжетом и хронотопом. Идеальная когнитивная модель может быть описана как установление большей ценности мира по сравнению с человеком. Вне зависимости от национальных вариантов литературной легенды, жанр рассматривает взаимоотношения личности и определенного отношения к миру (выраженного в виде закона, суеверия и т.д.). Сюжет легенды выстраивается в следующей логике: провозглашение правила, его нарушение (сознательное или неосознанное) и расплата (наказание, месть, раскаяние). Результатом коллизии между человеком и мироустройством главным образом становится осознание и признание персонажами и читателем некой давно известной истины (мораль, библейская заповедь), которую намеревался оспорить персонаж. В противоположность роману, в котором человек понимает и озвучивает новую правду о мире, легенда является очень традиционным жанром. Определение формальных признаков и идеальной когнитивной модели реальности позволяет более точно атрибутировать жанр многих литературных текстов, в особенности лишенных авторского жанрового определения.
КОНОКРАДСТВО КАК ЭТНОСОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ЯВЛЕНИЕ НА ПРИМЕРЕ БАШКИРИИ: ОПЫТ ИСТОРИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ
Authors: Galieva Farida Gabdulchaevna
Published: December 2017

Цель статьи – изучить на примере Башкирии конокрадство как этносоциальное явление, имеющее многовековую историю, и актуальное в наши дни. В качестве источников привлечены опубликованные историко-этнографические работы, документы Национального архива Республики Башкортостан, местная пресса прошлых столетий, фольклор, интернет-сайты и полевые материалы автора.Метод и методология проведения работы. Автор использует сравнительно-исторический и проблемно-хронологический методы.Результаты. Показано, что отношение к конокрадству отличалось в разных этнических средах и в разные времена. В большинстве российских губерний конокрады воспринимались как страшные преступники, которые наносят непоправимый урон крестьянскому хозяйству. В Башкирии в условиях развитого скотоводства конокрады-одиночки вызывали восхищение вследствие наличия таланта воздействовать на животное, умения бесшумно его увести (утрата одного коня не приводила к разорению хозяйства). Конокрадство развивалось также в связи с обычаем кочевников барымта (захват скота как способ мести за обиду или компенсации за причиненный ущерб). После изъятия башкирских земель под заводы, селения и хозяйства переселенцев, проведения политики перевода башкир к оседлости и земледелию, резкого уменьшения пастбищ и как следствие сокращения поголовья скота, скотокрады у башкир также сурово наказывались, как и у русских, и других народов. Об этом свидетельствуют материалы многочисленных судебных дел и публикации в прессе. Доходило до того, что башкирские священнослужители воровали лошадей друг у друга. Со временем конокрадство стало лишь способом наживы.Главным мотивом современных преступников является кража лошадей (включая чистопородных) с дальнейшей реализацией конского мяса, реже – для получения выкупа (через размещение на интернет-сайтах). В последние годы в Башкирии и некоторых других регионах наблюдается «эпидемия» конокрадства, что объясняется наличием для этого природно-ландшафтных (лесостепь) и социально-экономических условий (стихийные рынки, полуподпольные кафе, высокие цены на мясо, развитие фермерских хозяйств, популяризация конского «халяльного» продукта), а также безработицей и падением морали. Конокрады представляют собой организованные группировки с четким распределением обязанностей, широкими отлаженными межрегиональными и межгосударственными связями, использованием современных технологий.Область применения результатов – в образовательном процессе и научно-исследовательской работе.
ОТРАЖЕНИЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ САМОИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ В АВТОБИОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОЗЕ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ ПРИЕНИСЕЙСКОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: Bakhor Tamara Andreevna , Zyryanova Ol’ga Nikolaevna , Mazurova Nadezhda Alekseevna
Published: December 2017

Цель. Статья посвящена выявлению показателей процесса региональной самоидентификации, воплощенной в автобиографической прозе, созданной непрофессиональными авторами – жителями Приенисейской Сибири в начале XXI в. Объектом рассмотрения стали произведения, опубликованные в региональных журналах и альманахах.Методология и методы проведения работы. При анализе автобиографической прозы актуализируются историко-культурный, литературный, этнографический дискурсы. Используются методы дискурсивного, контекстуального и семантического анализа.Результаты. Представленные в автобиографической прозе события календарно-хозяйственного цикла (Пасха, помочи, уборка дома, постройка зимовья и др.), народный календарь, семейные праздники, по мнению авторов статьи, отражают неосознанное стремление сибиряков к конструированию этнической идентичности, в основе которой – нравственно-эстетический идеал народной крестьянской культуры, определяющий отношение человека к природе, семейные ценности, хозяйственный порядок.Область применения результатов. Материалы статьи могут быть использованы при чтении спецкурсов, посвященных проблемам региональной идентификации и самоидентификации, фольклора, этнографии и культуры Приенисейской Сибири.
ОТРАЖЕНИЕ САМОИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ В РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПЕЧАТНЫХ СРЕДСТВАХ МАССОВОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
Authors: Shmul’skaya Larisa Stepanovna , Slavkina Inga Anatol’evna , Mamaeva Svetlana Victorovna , Vekkesser Mariya Victorovna
Published: December 2017

Предметом исследования явились способы отражения и лингвистического выражения территориальной идентичности в печатных региональных средствах массовой информации. Материалом изучения избраны печатные издания Приенисейского региона: «Заря Енисея» (городская общественно-политическая газета города Лесосибирска), «Ангарский рабочий» (общественно-политическая газета Мотыгинского района), «Енисейская правда» (общественно-политическая газета г. Енисейска и Енисейского района), «Заря» (общественно-политическая газета Пировского района Красноярского края), «Северо-Енисейский вестник» (муниципальная газета Северо-Енисейского района), «новая жизнь» (Казачинская общественно-политическая газета Красноярского края).Цель. Рассмотреть понятие «региональная идентичность» и выявить маркеры территориальной идентичности в региональных печатных СМИ.Методы исследования: описательный метод и метод контекстуального анализа.Результаты. Региональная идентичность определяется как форма коллективной идентичности, при которой ее носитель оказывается способным к пространственно-временной идентификации, ценностному, эмоциональному, регулятивному соотнесению с внешним миром. При анализе текстов региональных газет выявлены определённые черты, отражающие и формирующие территориальную «самость», что свойственно провинциальным газетам в целом и отличает их от федеральных СМИ. Установлено, что средства массовой информации могут рассматриваться как средства формирования, выражения и трансляции региональных ценностей и являются действенным средством отражения и моделирования территориальной идентичности.
Paediatric tibial shaft fractures treated by open reduction and stabilization with monolateral external fixation
Authors: Simon A.-L. , Apostolou N. , Vidal C. , Ferrero E. , Mazda K. , Ilharreborde B.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing is increasingly used for surgical treatment of tibial shaft fractures, but frequently requires immobilization and delayed full weight-bearing. Therefore, external fixation remains interesting. The aim was to report clinico-radiological outcomes of monolateral external fixation for displaced and unstable tibial shaft fractures in children.

Methods

All tibial fractures consecutively treated by monolateral external fixation between 2008 and 2013 were followed. Inclusion criteria included skeletal immaturity and closed and open Gustilo I fractures caused by a direct impact. Patients were seen until two years postoperatively. Demographics, mechanism of injury, surgical data and complications were recorded. Anteroposterior and lateral side radiographs were performed at each visit. Full-limb 3D reconstructions using biplanar stereroradiography was performed for final limb length and alignment measures.

Results

A total of 45 patients (mean age 9.7 years ± 0.5) were included. In all, 17 were Gustilo I fractures, with no difference between open and closed fractures for any data. Mean time to full weight bearing was 18.2 days ± 0.7. After 15 days, 39 patients returned to school. Hardware removal (mean time to union 15.6 weeks ± 0.8) was performed during consultation under analgesic gas. There were no cases of nonunion. No fracture healed with > 10° of angulation (mean 5.1° ± 0.4°). Leg-length discrepancy > 10 mm was found for six patients.

Conclusions

This procedure can be a safe and simple surgical treatment for children with tibial shaft fractures. Few complications and early return to school were reported, with the limitations of non-comparative study.

Level of Evidence

IV
Identification of potential pathogenic genes associated with osteoporosis
Authors: Xia B. , Li Y. , Zhou J. , Tian B. , Feng L.
Published: December 2017

Objectives

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease. The aim of this study was to identify key genes in osteoporosis.

Methods

Microarray data sets GSE56815 and GSE56814, comprising 67 osteoporosis blood samples and 62 control blood samples, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in osteoporosis using Limma package (3.2.1) and Meta-MA packages. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to identify biological functions. Furthermore, the transcriptional regulatory network was established between the top 20 DEGs and transcriptional factors using the UCSC ENCODE Genome Browser. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to investigate the diagnostic value of several DEGs.

Results

A total of 1320 DEGs were obtained, of which 855 were up-regulated and 465 were down-regulated. These differentially expressed genes were enriched in Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, mainly associated with gene expression and osteoclast differentiation. In the transcriptional regulatory network, there were 6038 interactions pairs involving 88 transcriptional factors. In addition, the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction result validated the expression of several genes (VPS35, FCGR2A, TBCA, HIRA, TYROBP, and JUND). Finally, ROC analyses showed that VPS35, HIRA, PHF20 and NFKB2 had a significant diagnostic value for osteoporosis.

Conclusion

Genes such as VPS35, FCGR2A, TBCA, HIRA, TYROBP, JUND, PHF20, NFKB2, RPL35A and BICD2 may be considered to be potential pathogenic genes of osteoporosis and may be useful for further study of the mechanisms underlying osteoporosis. Cite this article: B. Xia, Y. Li, J. Zhou, B. Tian, L. Feng. Identification of potential pathogenic genes associated with osteoporosis. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:640–648. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.612.BJR-2017-0102.R1.
Cytokines in tendon disease
Authors: Morita W. , Dakin S. G. , Snelling S. J. B. , Carr A. J.
Published: December 2017

Objectives

Emerging evidence indicates that tendon disease is an active process with inflammation that is critical to disease onset and progression. However, the key cytokines responsible for driving and sustaining inflammation have not been identified.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) in March 2017. Studies reporting the expression of interleukins (ILs), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma in diseased human tendon tissues, and animal models of tendon injury or exercise in comparison with healthy control tissues were included.

Results

IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α are the cytokines that have been most frequently investigated. In clinical samples of tendinopathy and tendon tears, the expression of TNF-α tended not to change but IL-6 increased in tears. Healthy human tendons showed increased IL-6 expression after exercise; however, IL-10 remained unchanged. Animal tendon injury models showed that IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α tend to increase from the early phase of tendon healing. In animal exercise studies, IL-1β expression showed a tendency to increase at the early stage after exercise, but IL-10 expression remained unchanged with exercise.

Conclusions

This review highlights the roles of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in the development of tendon disease, during tendon healing, and in response to exercise. However, there is evidence accumulating that suggests that other cytokines are also contributing to tendon inflammatory processes. Further work with hypothesis-free methods is warranted in order to identify the key cytokines, with subsequent mechanistic and interaction studies to elucidate their roles in tendon disease development. Cite this article: W. Morita, S. G. Dakin, S. J. B. Snelling, A. J. Carr. Cytokines in tendon disease: A Systematic Review. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:656–664. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.612.BJR-2017-0112.R1.
Development of a German fracture register to assess current fracture care and improve treatment quality
Authors: Beirer Marc , Kirchhoff Chlodwig , Biberthaler Peter
Published: December 2017

Continuous evaluation of current treatment methods is crucial in orthopaedic trauma surgery. Existing fracture registries substantially contribute to improving fracture care and quality of life in trauma patients. Currently there is no universal German fracture register recording the patient-centred outcome of non-surgical as well as surgical fracture treatment in all anatomical regions. Conclusions regarding nationwide fracture treatment and quality of care are only significant to a limited extent.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:474–477. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160086.
Do Finnish work integration enterprises benefit the community?
Authors: Helinä Melkas  , Virpi Koskela  , Tuija Oikarinen  , Suvi Konsti-Laakso
Published: December 2017

This study explores Finnish work integration social enterprises through social enterprise criteria identified in previous research, notably the aim to benefit the community. Previous research has identified positive motivations in social enterprises, but whether these are played out in practice is less examined. This study makes a contribution by exploring the situation in Finland, where social enterprises are still a relatively new phenomenon as compared with many other countries. In this study, in light of the interviews, a strong commitment among social enterprise managers to serving the community and specific people is revealed. This may be achieved by providing viable employment opportunities and avenues for participation, for instance. However, the findings also indicate many challenges, obstacles and even threats faced by the studied social enterprises. These affect opportunities to realise these enterprises' whole potential.
‘Whingeing’ husbands: men’s practices of intimacy and inequality in urban China
Authors: Cao Siyang
Published: December 2017

This article examines different forms of inequality within men’s practices of intimacy in urban China. Focusing on the gloomy side of intimacy described by three husbands, it seeks to unravel what stands behind the language of complaints and dislikes. The data reveals that practices of intimacy do not always entail positive feelings, but can sometimes be experienced unpleasantly. It is argued that practices of intimacy are often implicated in practices of gender, class and culture. By whingeing about how their wives fail to perform proper femininities, these men reaffirm the traditional privileges of husbands and achieve a stronger sense of themselves as the authority figure in the family, as stressed in Confucian Chinese culture. While these men demonstrate varying levels of reflexive negotiations that leave space for more marital equality, their unequal practices of intimacy serve to reinforce the existing gender hierarchy and social structure in contemporary China.
Marathi cinema: Notes towards a liminal history
Authors: Ingle Hrishikesh
Published: December 2017

Marathi cinema is a prominent regional film industry located in Mumbai, Pune and Kolhapur in western India. Since its early history, this film industry has evolved within a network of performance forms like the Marathi theatre, folk music and dance, and devotional singing (abhanga and kirtan), and the inter-exchange of personnel between these cultural formations. When the state of Maharashtra was constituted in 1960, this networked formation became even more prominent, and had to negotiate the rising competition from the more dominant Hindi cinema. Marathi cinema also had to contend with the patronage of Marathi audiences for other artistic forms like the theatre and folk performances. The attempt here is to theorize this state of in-betweenness through a spatial detailing and critical mapping of industrial tendencies, textual practices and regional entrenchment. The questions that informs this study are directed to understand regional cinema in India, and its manifestations over the decades of 1960 to 1980. Specifically, the article forwards some propositions to the ideas of: how can the history of Marathi cinema be situated against the dominant and collocative national Hindi cinema industry, with which it shares a common geography of filmmaking, exhibition and audiences? And how the concepts of social and cultural space can be extended to analyse some distinctive historical tendencies of the Marathi cinema? This analysis proposes a dialectics of space for a regional Marathi film practice, which is confirmed by a reading of films, anecdotal biographies, archival materials and trade journals.
I like the unpath best: Art-practice-writing and the creation of complex, generative and complicating forms and contexts
Authors: Thomson Amanda
Published: December 2017

Situating myself as a visual artist with a multimodal practice, this article will explore the relationship of writing to making, using the relationship of writing to my own practice to explore questions relating to research processes, the volume of information gathered and the insertion of other disciplinary perspectives. Here, I will address the element of my practice that is based in landscape, specifically explorations that begin with the idea that places are multilayered, ever-changing, embodied and always active. In seeing places as experiential fields of investigation, writing can add a more complex dimension as it flows from the landscape itself and research about it, to practice, with writing occasionally becoming the artform itself.
Encoding pigments and pixels
Authors: Doty Dennis
Published: December 2017

This article will explore the processes and concepts embedded within Dennis Doty’s fine arts studio practice, giving examples of how the work has developed from traditional paintings into its current interdisciplinary form. It examines why it is important to integrate traditional art-making skills with contemporary new media software and approaches. The article aims to illuminate some of the complex interdisciplinary processes that Doty employs to develop multiple bodies of work, including stereoscopic video paintings and projection-mapping artworks. His work explores ideas of spatial perception and the changes that have been happening to our understanding of both physical and digital environments since the invention of the Internet. Doty’s processes demonstrate ways of finding connections between different mediums, analysing and unifying components in a way that can be helpful and inspiring for various professional fields.
Improvement of the organizational-economic mechanism of resource-saving at the machine building enterprise
Authors: Vovk Iryna , Vovk Yuriy , Lyashuk Oleh
Published: December 2017

The characteristic of the resource-saving at the machine-building enterprise has been presented. The complexity and system of the resource-saving control, as well as reasonableness of the development of the efficient organizational economic resource-saving mechanism have been interpreted. It was testified that the basis of the successful activity strategy in the resource-saving at the local machine-building enterprises is the efficient application of the available resources according to the requirement of the manufacturing products. Efficiency of such control can result from the proper application of the resourcenomy levers as a new science. Innovation chain of investigation of the resource-saving control problems from the point of view of resourcenomy has been proposed. Determination of the most efficient ways of setting up the organizational economic mechanism of resource-saving basing on the qualitative and quantitative factors of the resources application, using the resourcenomy techniques and taking into account the possibility to provide the enterprise with technologies, staff, control system, as well as the influence of each of the factors of the outside and inside environment of the enterprise, has been presented.
Strategic model for location selection of solar wood drying by applying TOPSIS
Authors: Azizi Majid
Published: December 2017

The location of solar wood drying has not been selected in Iran yet. One of important applications of solar energy is to manufacture solar wood drying units. Effective indicators in location of solar wood drying were identified and a hierarchy was constructed based on five major groups of criteria. The weights of the indicators were then established by Analytical Hierarchy Process. The amounts of the indicators with regard to provinces were obtained from wood drying factories in public and private sectors. These weights were employed in TOPSIS to rank the provinces. Finally the potential provinces were identified according to the priorities obtained by this technique. The results showed that Qom Province, has the best priorities for establishment of solar wood drying.
Is real depreciation and expansionary fiscal policy effective? The case of Serbia
Authors: Hsing Yu , Morgan Yun Chen
Published: December 2017

Applying the IS-MP-IA model to study the impacts of exchange rate movements, expansionary fiscal policy and other relevant variables in Serbia, we find that real appreciation of the dinar, a higher government deficit-to-GDP ratio, a lower real lending rate in the euro area, a lower lagged real oil price, a higher Germany’s real GDP and a lower expected inflation rate would promote economic growth.
Solving the problem of concentration of agricultural lands by agricultural holdings from the perspective of rural development
Authors: Gorb Oleg
Published: December 2017

The development of rural areas largely depends on the activities of local agricultural enterprises. It is expedient to consider the impact of agricultural holdings on the development of rural areas, taking into account that in recent years more and more agricultural commodity producers are joining vertical-integrated companies. A lot of land and investment resources are fixed there. Currently, agricultural holdings are dynamically increasing the agricultural production and meeting demands of the internal and outer food markets of Ukraine.