bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Circulating Levels of miR-451a in Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Different Effects of Randomized Treatments
Authors: Díaz Marta , Bassols Judit , López-Bermejo Abel , de Zegher Francis , Ibáñez Lourdes
Published: November 2019

Context

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder in adolescent girls, purportedly driven by hepato-visceral fat excess, and often followed by subfertility and type 2 diabetes.

Objective

We studied the baseline microRNA (miRNA) profile of girls with PCOS, and the effects of a randomized treatment with an oral contraceptive (OC) or with spironolactone–pioglitazone–metformin (SPIOMET, aiming at loss of hepato-visceral fat excess) for 1 year.

Design & Patients

The miRNA profile was assessed by RNA sequencing in girls with PCOS who had participated in a randomized, open-label, single-center, pilot study (n = 31; age 15.7 years, body mass index (BMI) 23.1 kg/m2). Healthy age- and BMI-matched girls (n = 13) served as controls. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR in the entire study population. Post-treatment ovulation rates were assessed by salivary progesterone in PCOS girls.

Setting

Endocrinology Department, University Hospital.

Results

Girls with PCOS, compared with controls, had markedly reduced concentrations of circulating miR-451a, miR-652-3p, miR-106b-5p, and miR-206; pathway enrichment analysis showed that these miRNAs target genes involved in energy homeostasis and cell cycle control. In the present study, miR-451a could diagnose PCOS with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. SPIOMET (but not OC) was accompanied by on-treatment normalization of the miRNA profile in girls with PCOS; miR-451a concentrations after 1 year on OC or SPIOMET treatment associated closely (r = 0.66; P < .0001) with post-treatment ovulation rates.

Conclusion

SPIOMET treatment for 1 year normalizes the miRNA profile of girls with PCOS. Circulating miR-451a may become a biomarker to guide the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in adolescence.
(Re)Staging the Postcolonial in the World: The Jaipur Literature Festival and the Pakistani Novel
Authors: Sivaram Sushil
Published: November 2019

This article reasons that the Jaipur Literature Festival between 2008 and 2011 attempted to institute via polemics, judgment, and celebration the category of the Pakistani novel in India by importing an alterity industry. By failing to contextualize alterity in a South Asian context, the festival reinforced a national, linguistic, and religious division between India and Pakistan. It produced a category like “Moonlight’s Children” as an “other” to an imagined Indian literature that is confused with a post–Salman Rushdie postcolonial and global anglophone canon. However, this analysis of the discourse produced at the festival by the discussants and the audience shows that a coconstituted South Asian literary history was consistently placed against a regionally competitive model. Importing alterity to produce an Indian or Pakistani literary identity was undermined by an attitude of disavowal toward the literary object and received categories like the global anglophone, postcolonial literature, and world literature. The author argues that this is not postcolonial resistance; rather, it is a trepidation to arrive at a conclusion, because to conclude is also to value, evaluate, and declare the existence of the “other” phantasmagoric literary identity and history.
The Politics of Death and the Question of Palestine
Authors: Sacks Jeffrey
Published: November 2019

This article considers the work of Hannah Arendt and Ghassan Kanafani in relation to the social and juridical logic and form of the settler colony and of the settler-colonial logic and form of the Israeli state and its ideology, Zionism. The argument is framed in relation to two moments: (1) the notion and practice of Bildung—education, training, formation—where the subject of language, in becoming literate, thoughtful, and self-reflective, is to become a being that recognizes itself and others in these and related terms: as legible, autonomous, and self-determining; and (2) the ongoing debates around the politics of death, articulated through the writing of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Carl Schmitt, Achille Mbembe, and Arendt. The article argues that, insofar as they presume an understanding of Bildung as a principal category of social thought, these debates reiterate the terms they claim to diagnose or contest. It also argues that, in their affective relation to decolonization, Arendt—and Foucault and Agamben—conjures and advances a social panic in a desire to domesticate the destabilizing force of anticolonial struggle. Finally, the article reads Kanafani’s Rijāl fī al-shams (Men in the Sun) to argue that Kanafani’s novelistic practice discombobulates the terms privileged in the settler colony and in its social and literary logic and form, as it promises a nonredemptive, anomic, and non-state-centric futurity.
An impressive capacity for cold tolerance plasticity protects against ionoregulatory collapse in the disease vector, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Jass Amanda , Yerushalmi Gil Y. , Davis Hannah E. , Donini Andrew , MacMillan Heath A.
Published: November 2019

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is largely confined to tropical and subtropical regions, but its range has recently been spreading to colder climates. As insect biogeography is tied to environmental temperature, understanding the limits of Ae. aegypti thermal tolerance and their capacity for phenotypic plasticity is important in predicting the spread of this species. In this study we report on the chill coma onset (CCO) and recovery time (CCRT), as well as low temperature survival phenotypes of larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti that developed or were acclimated to 15°C (cold) or 25°C (warm). Cold acclimation did not affect CCO temperatures of larvae but substantially reduced CCO in adults. Temperature and the duration of exposure both affected CCRT, and cold acclimation both strongly mitigated these effects and increased rates of survival following prolonged chilling. Female adults were far less likely to take a blood meal when cold acclimated, and exposing females to blood (without feeding) attenuated some of the beneficial effects of cold acclimation on CCRT. Lastly, larvae suffered from hemolymph hyperkalemia when chilled, but cold acclimation attenuated the imbalance. Our results demonstrate that Aedes aegypti larvae and adults have the capacity to acclimate to low temperatures, and do so at least in part by better maintaining ion balance in the cold. This ability for cold acclimation may facilitate the spread of this species to higher latitudes, particularly in an era of climate change.
Robust differential microRNA targeting driven by supplementary interactions in vitro
Authors: Xiao Yao , MacRae Ian J.
Published: November 2019

Complementarity to the microRNA (miRNA) seed region has long been recognized as the primary determinant in target recognition by the Argonaute-miRNA complex. Recently, we reported that pairing to miRNA 3′-supplementary region (nucleotides 13–16) can increase target affinity by more than an order of magnitude beyond seed-pairing alone. Here, we present biochemical evidence that supplementary interactions can drive robust differential targeting between equivalently seed-matched target RNAs in vitro. When mixed together, Ago2–miRNA complexes initially bind seed-matched targets equally but then redistribute between targets based on the strength of supplementary interactions. Thus, while initial target recognition was driven by seed-pairing, the distribution of Ago2–miRNA complexes between targets was determined by retention of Ago2 on target RNAs via supplementary interactions. Mathematical modeling and biochemical data predict that targets with strong supplementary interactions could be more strongly repressed than seed-only matched targets, even when vastly outnumbered by seed-only targets. The combined results raise the possibility that supplementary interactions could play a role in specifying specific miRNA targets for enhanced repression.
Accounting and evaluation of work in progress in crop production
Authors: Карзаева Наталья , Karzaeva Natalya , Бенгардт Мария , Bengardt Mariya
Published: November 2019

The monograph presents the results of the study of complex theoretical issues of evaluation of work in progress in crop production, which is the basis for the formation of information necessary for management decisions by various users of reporting information. The concepts of finished products, semi-finished products and work in progress in accordance with the features of the technological process in agricultural organizations specializing in crop production are disclosed.
A fundamentally new approach to the assessment of work in progress is presented, based on the account of risks of agricultural organizations and the multidimensionality of assessment as a cost characteristic of accounting objects.
For students and teachers, as well as all those interested in the problems of agricultural Economics.
Visualization of Linear Shifts of Nodal Points during Implementation of Instantaneous States of Various Configurations of an Android Robot Arm
Authors: Притыкин Федор , Pritykin Fedor , Хомченко Василий , Khomchenko Vasilii , Янишевская Анна , Yanishevskaya Anna , Небритов Валерий , Nebritov Valeriy
Published: November 2019

During planning the movement of an android robot arm in an organized space, there is a need in reducing calculation time of the trajectory in the space of generalized coordinates. The indicated time significantly depends on calculation time the vector of increments of the generalized coordinates at each step of calculations in the synthesis of movements along the velocity vector. In this paper, geometric studies were carried out based on the visualization of patterns of changes in the average displacement of the nodal points of the hand mechanism of an android robot while implementing instantaneous states. On the basis of the geometric analysis of the indicated displacements, a method is proposed which makes it possible to reduce the time of iterative search for the increment vector of generalized coordinates. Also images are shown of multiple positions of arm mechanism links on the frontal and horizontal projections when implementing instantaneous states. This images allows to make a graphic interpretation of manipulator mechanism maneuverability at each point of the configuration space. Hypersurfaces in four-dimensional space are used to establish the analytical dependencies reflecting the relationship of the average displacement of manipulator mechanism nodal points and the generalized coordinates that defining the positions of the manipulator configurations. For this purpose, the equations of interpolating polynomials located in three mutually perpendicular planes are used. Based on these three interpolating polynomials, a third-order hypersurface equation is obtained, which reflects the interrelation of geometric and kinematic parameters. The article also presents the results of virtual modeling of android robot hand mechanism movement, taking into account the position of the restricted area in the AutoCAD system. The results of calculations using the obtained analytical dependencies showed a reduction in the calculation time of test tasks. The conducted studies can be used in the development of intelligent motion control systems for autonomously functioning android robots in an organized environment without the participation of a human operator.
Misperception of Exponential Growth: Are People Aware of Their Errors?
Authors: Cordes Henning , Foltice Bryan , Langer Thomas
Published: November 2019

Previous research shows that individuals make systematic errors when judging exponential growth, which has harmful effects for their financial well-being. This study analyzes how far individuals are aware of their errors and how these errors are shaped by arithmetic and conceptual problems. Whereas arithmetic problems could be overcome using computational assistance like a pocket calculator, this is not the case for conceptual problems, a term we use to subsume other error drivers like a general misunderstanding of exponential growth or overwhelming task complexity. In an incentivized experiment, we find that participants strongly overestimate the accuracy of their intuitive judgment. At the same time, their willingness to pay for arithmetic assistance is too high on average, often much above the actual benefits a calculator provides. Using a multitier system of task complexity we can show that the willingness to pay for arithmetic assistance is hardly related to its benefits, indicating that participants do not really understand how the interplay of arithmetic and conceptual problems shape their errors in exponential growth tasks. Our findings are relevant for policymaking and financial advisory practice and can help to design effective approaches to mitigate the detrimental effects of misperceived exponential growth.
Facilitating Inclusive Global Trade: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Hui Xiang
Published: November 2019

How can we make global trade inclusive for smaller sellers and firms? I present causal evidence that a major e-commerce platform increases on-site exports from small sellers through integrating an existing administrative and logistic service. The export increase comes exclusively from small sellers and exclusively along the extensive margin—that is, from new sellers or new destinations. Furthermore, the export increase is larger for more distant countries and differentiated products. I provide strong evidence that the distribution of export increase is driven by a reduction in export entry cost. I discuss the importance of reducing export entry cost for facilitating inclusive global trade.

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Co-Opetition in Service Clusters with Waiting-Area Entertainment
Authors: Yuan Xuchuan , Dai Tinglong , Chen Lucy Gongtao , Gavirneni Srinagesh
Published: November 2019

Problem definition: Unoccupied waiting feels longer than it actually is. Service providers operationalize this psychological principle by offering entertainment options in waiting areas. A service cluster with a common space provides firms with an opportunity to cooperate in the investment for providing entertainment options while competing on other service dimensions. Academic/practical relevance: Our paper contributes to the literature by being the first to examine co-opetition in a service setting, in addition to developing a novel model of waiting-area entertainment. It also sheds new light on the emerging practice of service clusters and small-footprint retailing. Methodology: Using a queueing theoretic approach, we develop a parsimonious model of co-opetition in a service cluster with a common space. Results: By comparing the case of co-opetition with two benchmarks (monopoly and duopoly competition), we demonstrate that a service provider that would otherwise be a local monopolist can achieve higher profitability by joining a service cluster and engaging in co-opetition. Achieving such benefits, however, requires a cost-allocation scheme that properly addresses an efficiency-fairness tradeoff—the pursuit of fairness may backfire and lead to even lower profitability than under pure competition. Managerial implications: We show that as much as co-opetition facilitates resource sharing in a service cluster, it heightens price competition. Furthermore, as the intensity of price competition increases, surprisingly, service providers may opt to charge higher service fees, albeit while providing a higher entertainment level.
Queueing Models for Patient-Flow Dynamics in Inpatient Wards
Authors: Dong Jing , Perry Ohad
Published: November 2019

Long delays for patients waiting to be admitted to inpatient units are currently the standard state of affairs in urban hospitals in the United States and around the world. To alleviate congestion, hospital management seeks ways to increase efficiency by improving the flow of patients between the different hospital units. To this end, effective queueing models that are specifically tailored to the hospital setting are required. In “Queueing models for patient-flow dynamics for inpatient wards,” Dong and Perry propose a new class of queueing models for inpatient wards, taking into account the salient features associated with patient-flow dynamics. It is demonstrated how those models can be employed to compute the optimal number of beds that are needed or to measure the impacts of changes to discharge process.
Why Do Firms Suffer Differently from Input Stigmatization? The Costs of Removing Stigmatized Inputs
Authors: Diestre Luis , Santaló Juan
Published: November 2019

Firms using stigmatized inputs are likely to experience strong pressures from multiple stakeholders who demand removal of such inputs from firm operations. Consistent with this phenomenon, we propose that greater levels of input stigma decrease firm performance and that firms respond to this threat by reducing the use of such inputs. However, we argue that not all firms are equally able to remove stigmatized inputs. Firms with a high degree of input overlap among their product units will be less likely to remove stigmatized inputs from their operations; as such, a change could be costlier for them. Consequently, we propose that firms facing high input overlap will experience the negative effects of input stigma more strongly. We find support for our theory by looking at toxic chemicals as the inputs that may become stigmatized.
Exploring school nurses' role in supporting mental and emotional health needs in Wales
Authors: Star Sally
Published: November 2019

The short-term effects of mental and emotional health problems are distressing and damaging to children and young people and can have long-term physical health implications. pressures. Sally Star comments on school nurses' role in supporting children and young people with mental and emotional health needs, and discusses some of the barriers and areas that could be improved.
Climate change and the impact on young people
Authors: Enson Stephanie
Published: November 2019

The environmental challenges and uncertainties facing children and young people can have a profound impact on their mental health and wellbeing. In this two-part mini-series, Stephanie Enson looks at the current dilemmas, necessary changes, and how to prepare young people.
Edible Vaccine - The Future of Oral Vaccination
Authors: Patel Mahnoor
Published: November 2019

Edible vaccine is cost effective, easy in administration, easy in storage and safe vaccine delivery system. Edible vaccines are prepared by molecular pharming using the science of genetic engineering. Selected genes which are pathogenic can be isolated from the source and then introduced into the plants. That plant is now called transgenic plant and it is able to produce the encoded protein. That protein is pathogenic which is used to give the people as an edible vaccine. That protein is used for therapeutic purposes. It is less costly rather than another vaccine. Resistance to genetically modified food may affect the future of edible vaccine.
Antisense Technology
Authors: Patel Mahnoor
Published: November 2019

Diseases are often connected on the expression of some disease causing gene which is important to produce that Protein. If the expression of this gene can be disputed then the disease can be cured. Antisense technology is a method of disputing the production of protein. It may be used to design some therapeutics for diseases in whose pathology is the production of protein plays a major role. Antisense technology is important tool in the inhibition of that particular gene expression. The principle behind it, is that the antisense nucleic acid sequence base pairs with its complementary sense RNA strand is inserted and prevents the RNA from translated into protein. The complementary nucleic acid sequence is either complementary synthetic oligonucleotide, often oligodeoxy ribonucleotide, or longer antisense RNA sequence.
İslâm’ın İlk Dönemlerinde Piyasa İstikrarını Temin İçin Alınan Tedbirler
Authors: LİV Cemil
Published: November 2019

İslâm ekonomi
sisteminde akidlerin kuruluşunda irade hürriyeti benimsenmiş,  maslahat ve mefsedet dengesi toplumsal alanda
da bireysel alanda da gözetilerek, bireyle toplum arasında adalet merkezli bir
denge kurulmuştur. Özel mülkiyetin elde edilmesi ve  kullanılmasında getirilen şartlar ve sınırlar
ile toplumsal refahın sağlanması ve kamu zararının engellenmesi hedeflenmiştir.
Bu bağlamda İslâm ekonomi sisteminde hem şahısların hukukunu korumak hem de toplumsal
menfaati gözetmek amacıyla suni fiyat artışlarını engelleyici tedbirler
alınmıştır. Bu sayede suni fiyat artışlarının önüne geçilerek piyasalarda güven
oluşturulmuş, ekonomik  istikrarın devamı
sağlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada İslâm iktisâdında piyasalarda yapılacak manipülatif
işlemlere karşı alınan tedbirlerden, alışveriş yapanlar arasında fiyat
artırımına yönelik müşteri kızıştırmak, ihtiyaç mallarının fiyatlarının artması
için bekletilmesi anlamına gelen ihtikâr, pazara mal getiren tüccarların
mallarının piyasaya arz edilmeden satın alınarak pazar fiyatlarının
yükseltilmesi ve üretici konumunda olan köylünün pazarda doğrudan satışını
engelleyerek ürünlerinin simsarlarca alınıp satılmasının yasaklanması konularının
tahliline yer verilerek, günümüz koşulları açısından önemi vurgulanmıştır.
İslâm ekonomi sisteminin getirdiği bu tedbirlerin günümüzde spekülatörler
tarafından piyasalarda oluşturulan suni pahalılıkla mücadelede rehber olacağı
aşikardır. Özellikle üreticiden tüketiciye kadar malın vasfında, miktarında
veya kalitesinde zorunlu katkısı olmayan aracıların yol açtığı maliyetler,
stokçuluğun her geçen gün artış göstermesi ve tekelleşmenin yol açtığı
spekülatif girişimler karşısında İslâm ekonomi sisteminin çözümleri önem arz
etmektedir. Netice itibariyle, toplumsal refah ve piyasa istikrarı için devlet
denetiminin ve gerektiğinde fiyatları piyasa emsal değerlerinde tutmak için
müdahalesinin kaçınılmaz olacağı görülmektedir.
Gewalt als die niedrigste Ebene der Konfliktlösung
Authors: Lind Georg
Published: November 2019

Zur Natur der Gewalt gibt es zwei grundsätzlich verschiedene, information pills teilweise völlig entgegengesetzte Vorstellungen, sildenafil die ihrerseits unsere Bemühungen um Verringerung von Gewalt beeinflussen: Auf der einen Seite die Vorstellung, dass Gewalt eine eigenständige menschliche Eigenschaft sei, die ihre eigene Entwicklungsgeschichte hat, und die direkt bekämpft oder eingedämmt werden muss, sei es wiederum durch Mittel der Gewalt oder durch ?trickreiche? Methoden der dosierten Abfuhr oder der Ablenkung auf vermeintlich gefahrlosere Gebiete wie sportlicher oder ökonomischer Wettkampf.
Report on the international symposium „Moral Competence and the Brain”, Konstanz 21.-22. July 2011
Authors: Zizek Boris
Published: November 2019

Report
„All New Beginnings are Difficult?”—On Childhood, Politics and Philosophy
Authors: Weber Barbara
Published: November 2019

?Philosophizing with children? is not an entirely new concept: for example Plato already initiates his philosophical dialogues with young people. And even Kant in his essay What is Orientation in Thinking? (Kant 1991) calls for the early encouragement of reason.
Philosophieren mit Kindern
Authors: Brüning Barbara
Published: November 2019

Review of Eva Zoller Morf: Selber denken macht schlau. Philosophieren mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Oberhofen: Zytglogge 2010.
I am a Child. Hypothesis on Spectator Pedagogy
Authors: Kirkkopelto Esa
Published: November 2019

The paper consists of series of suggestions and historical references on the basis of which it would become possible to think and practice „spectator pedagogy” in performing arts. Contemporary performance practices can claim for new kind of political relevance by focusing on the way spectator´s corporeal experience changes during and through theatrical situation. Naive body produced by a performance is also most susceptible for thoroughgoing political and ecological change. This is the first outline by its author on this topic.
Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD) by Prof. Georg Lind
Authors: Bardziński Filip , Szopka Marta
Published: November 2019

Report
‘Boghossian’s Blind Reasoning’, Conditionalization, and Thick Concepts. A Functional Model
Authors: Ramírez Olga
Published: November 2019

Boghossian’s (2003) proposal to conditionalize concepts as a way to secure their legitimacy in disputable cases applies well, not just to pejoratives – on whose account Boghossian first proposed it – but also to thick ethical concepts. It actually has important advantages when dealing with some worries raised by the application of thick ethical terms, and the truth and facticity of corresponding statements. In this paper, I will try to show, however, that thick ethical concepts present a specific case, whose analysis requires a somewhat different reconstruction from that which Boghossian offers. A proper account of thick ethical concepts should be able to explain how ‘evaluated’ and ‘evaluation’ are connected.
Professionalität und Postkonventionalität. Entwicklungstheoretische und soziologische Perspektiven auf professionalisiertes Handeln
Authors: Zizek Boris
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the following article is to point out the essential role of postconventional moral judgement in professionalized action. By some examples I will demonstrate that it is the precondition of completed professionalization.
After Ethical Naturalism
Authors: Bardziński Filip
Published: November 2019

review article
Belief as a Cognitive and Practical Commitment
Authors: Djigo Sophie
Published: November 2019

Exploring the idea of a more practical relationship between the agent and his own mental life leaves room for reconsidering the relevance of the familiar analogy between reasons for belief and reasons for action. Even if their difference is usually admitted, they are also treated as equivalent, in the sense that the connection between reasons to believe and the arising belief would be analogous to the connection between reasons for action and the arising action. If such an analogy might be relevant to a certain extent in the frame of a theoretical stance towards oneself, I'll argue that it cannot be maintained once we have put the agent at the heart of self-knowledge.
Antiglobalization and Radical Environmentalism: An Exchange on Ethical Grounds
Authors: Joosse Paul
Published: November 2019

Since 1992, clandestine radical environmentalist cells, calling themselves the Earth Liberation Front (ELF), have carried out arson attacks in an effort to punish corporations for environmentally deleterious practices. I examine the radical environmental movement and find that its recent rise to prominence and notoriety is part and parcel of the larger development of the more general anti-globalization/anti-capitalist movement. Specifically, I examine how, despite its libertarian conservative origins, the ideology of Earth First! changed after an influx of new members with anti-state, anarchist sympathies. Finally, I assess the applicability of three major criticisms of “globalization from below” to the case of the ELF, namely: a) that its preoccupation with the transnational sphere and abandonment of electoral politics is misguided, b) that direct actions such as property destruction are counterproductive to the wider aims of the movement, and, c) that its strategies of contention are too episodic, and do very little to encourage practical, inclusive, local, and sustained action in the service of global justice
Overconsumption, Procreation, and Morality
Authors: Mariana John
Published: November 2019

Thomas Young (2001) argues that overconsumption and procreation are morally equivalent, and thus that anyone who disapproves of overconsumption must arrive at the same normative judgment concerning procreation (or procreation beyond a certain threshold). Young presents an analogical argument in support of his claim, and defends it against four varieties of objections intended to show that the analogy is weak or faulty. I argue that Young’s defense of his argument fails, and that though a stronger case can be made for his claim of moral equivalence between procreation and overconsumption, a full defense of the claim would unfortunately require a moral theory that we presently do not have (namely, Derek Parfit’s Theory X, the theory of beneficence that would tell us how many people there should be). This is unfortunate because in the absence of successful rational grounds for such a claim concerning the moral value (or disvalue) of procreation relative to resource consumption, we are likely to overlook or misjudge the moral and other costs of population growth.
Mityczno-symboliczny kontekst nostalgii w „Wygnaniu” Andrieja Zwiagincewa w świetle antropologicznej niepewności podmiotu
Authors: Przybysz Anna Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

The aim of this article is to reveal the mythical, symbolic and religious context in the film The Banishment. We also try to show how the nostalgia felt by the heroine can be associated with the state of anthropological uncertainty.
Komunikatywno-pragmatyczny aspekt czerwieni (na przykładzie książki „У войны не женское лицо” Swietłany Aleksijewicz)
Authors: Słupianek-Tajnert Daria
Published: November 2019

The article presents the role of the colour red in defining two communicative and pragmatic centres (the war and the woman) in Svetlana Alexievich’s reportage War Does Not Have a Woman’s Face. The colour red plays a significant role in visualizing war events and depicting different aspects of female sensitivity.
Análise biomorfométrica da ostra-do-mangue cultivada no litoral amazônico
Authors: Das Chagas Rafael Anaisce , Da Silva Rosana Esther Oliveira , Dos Passos Taiana Amanda Fonseca , De Assis Alessandra Silva , De Abreu Valdo Sena , Dos Santos Wagner César Rosa , Barros Mara Rúbia Ferreira , Herrmann Marko
Published: November 2019

A ostreicultura surge no contexto mundial como uma das alternativas mais viáveis ao declínio da pesca e o fornecimento de recurso alimentício fresco. No Brasil, cultiva-se ostras do gênero Crassostrea e, no estado do Pará, cultiva-se a Crassostrea tulipa, conhecida por ostra-do-mangue. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a biomorfometria da concha, estimar o Índice de Estabilização da Forma (IEF) da concha e o rendimento da carne comestível de C. tulipa, a partir de 1.028 ostras coletadas na ostreicultura da Associação de Agricultores, Pecuaristas e Aquicultores (ASAPAQ), situada no rio Urindeua, litoral amazônico, estado do Pará, no mês de abril de 2016. Realizou-se relações biomorfométricas entre a morfometria da concha (comprimento, largura e altura) e a biomassa (total e visceral), estimou-se o rendimento percentual da carne comestível e descreveu-se o IEF através de razões entre a morfometria da concha. Crassostrea tulipa apresenta excelentes relações biomorfométricas, gerando equações que satisfazem estimação de medidas morfométricas. Além disso, apresenta mais de 20% de rendimento da carne. A análise de IEF, indica uma tendência a estabilização da forma da concha ao atingir 60mm. Recomenda-se uma análise de IEF em ostras oriundas de ambientes naturais e sob influência da densidade de ostras e/o tipo de estrutura no qual a ostra está sendo cultivada. Este trabalho possibilita a estimação de carne de ostras comercializadas com base na mensuração da medida da altura da concha (mm) através da equação Bv = -4,29 + 1,94A.
The Blakean Imagination and the Land in Jez Butterworth’s Jerusalem
Authors: White Simon
Published: November 2019

This essay argues that Jez Butterworth’s Jerusalem challenges what Mark Shucksmith terms the “visioning of rural areas by hegemonic middle-class culture” (163), which still dominates the way many British people see the countryside and is rooted in nostalgia for a neat and pretty rural idyll, cleansed of untidy (bio)diversity. The second major line of argument is that the shadow of William Blake hangs heavily over the play, and that Rooster both embodies and employs the Blakean imagination in ways that challenge dominant “hegemonic” ideas about the rural. The untidy and disruptive Rooster, and the wood that bears his name, represent a very different kind of mindscape and a very different kind of (living) landscape. Simply by his presence in the wood he symbolizes an alternative way of being in the land. It is true that Rooster’s is an imperfect echo of the mythopoetic Blakean world-view, but it is nevertheless unmistakeably Blakean, so the prologue to Jerusalem, part of the preface to Blake’s Milton: A Poem in Two Books (1808), is central to a proper understanding of the play. Rooster’s verbal combativeness and mythopoetic visions penetrate the hypocrisy behind the veneer of respectability in Flintock, and the justifications for prevailing human relationships with the land.
Compare the effect of aromatherapy using lavender and Damask rose essential oils on the level of anxiety and severity of pain following C-section: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abbasijahromi Ali , Hojati Hamed , Nikooei Saeid , Jahromi Hossein Kargar , Dowlatkhah Hamid Reza , Zarean Vahid , Farzaneh Mehran , Kalavani Arefeh
Published: November 2019

Background

Anxiety is the most common psychological reaction in women during labor. Similar to numerous other surgeries, postoperative pain is also reported following cesarean section (C-section). According to the (Gate) Control Theory, there is a relationship between pain and psychological problems such as anxiety. Accordingly, the present study aimed to compare the effect of aromatherapy using lavender and Damask rose essential oils on the level of anxiety and severity of pain following C-section.

Methods

This triple-group randomized clinical trial was performed on 90 mothers who visited Motahari Hospital of Jahrom, Iran, for C-section in 2017. The incidence and severity of pain and anxiety were measured and recorded for all three groups prior to intervention. The intervention groups underwent aromatherapy with lavender and Damask rose essential oils. Patients were asked to inhale cotton balls, separately stained with three drops of each essential oil at a distance of 10 cm for 30 mins. The severity of pain and anxiety was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 5 min after the specified process, respectively. The control group underwent aromatherapy in a similar fashion with normal saline. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistical indices and ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests in SPSS 21.

Results

There was no significant difference between the three groups in the mean severity of pain and anxiety before the intervention (p>0.05). The mean severity of pain and overt anxiety in the lavender and Damask rose aromatherapy groups was significantly different than the control group after the intervention (p<0.001). In addition, no significant difference was observed between the overt and overall anxiety levels of the two intervention groups after the intervention (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The findings suggested that inhalation aromatherapy can reduce the severity of overt anxiety and pain after C-section, with Damask rose essential oil showing a larger effect than lavender.
Übersetzen in philologischen Studiengängen. Bestandsaufnahme und neue Ansätze für die Übersetzung Italienisch-Deutsch
Authors: Gärtig-Bressan Anne-Kathrin
Published: November 2019

Using the example of Italian-German translation at departments of Romance languages, this article offers a snapshot of the current role of translation and its didactics in language studies in the German-speaking countries. The lecturers of the individual institutes were invited to take part in an online survey on the organisation and position of the translation courses in the curricula, on the content and methodological orientation of their own courses and on their own background.

The results are incorporated into the old discussion on the subject of translating and acquiring translational skills in foreign language teaching. The article concludes with some ideas to integrate the findings of translation science and a reflection on learning objectives into a future conception of translation courses.
Lebenswelten und Deutungszusammen-hänge im modernen Massenkrieg
Authors: Überegger Oswald
Published: November 2019

Der Charakter der militärischen Kriegführung und die damit verbundenen soldatischen Kriegserfahrungen unterschieden sich in zeitlicher und räumlicher Hinsicht. Soldatische Aufgabenbereiche, Aktionsradien und Funktionszusammenhänge im Stellungskrieg differierten in entscheidender Weise von jenen im Bewegungskrieg. Durch die im Laufe des Krieges erfahrungsimmanent variierten, adaptierten oder neu formulierten Ansprüche der operativen und taktischen Kriegführung veränderten sich schließlich auch das Anforderungsprofil und die Einsatzkontexte des modernen Soldaten eines industrialisierten Massenkrieges. So schuf der Weltkrieg eine Vielzahl von räumlich und zeitlich bedingten Wirklichkeiten mit spezifischen soldatischen Erfahrungszusammenhängen, die im Rahmen dieses Beitrages mit Blick auf die Situation deutscher und österreichischer Soldaten an der Ost- und Südfront im Überblick analysiert werden. Besonderer Wert wird dabei zum einen auf die raum‑ und operationsspezifischen Determinanten der Kriegslebenswelt gelegt. Zum anderen stehen die sich unter den Soldaten herausbildenden Raum‑ und Menschenbilder im Mittelpunkt.
Overview of Signal Detection Theory and Detection Limits
Authors: Semkow Thomas M. , Li Xin , Chu Liang T.
Published: November 2019

We described a historical development of signal detection theory from fundamental works by Neyman and Pearson to the receiver operating characteristic curve. We compared the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulatory method detection limit and the detection limit, as well as the International Organization for Standardization decision level for radionuclides, with the Currie critical level and the detection limit. The latter is also referred to as the minimum detectable activity. Among these concepts, the critical level is used for censoring: detected or not detected. If an analyte is not detected, an upper limit is set. The signal detection theory approach can be generalized to three regions—not detected, detected, and undecided—based on data objectives criteria and not necessarily on statistical criteria. Data objectives for an analytical result can be derived, for instance, from risk assessment. The complexity of mathematical treatment depends on the choice of the probability density function, and it is relatively simple for Gaussian statistics. We provided numerical examples illustrating the performance of several signal detection theory methods as well as a direct application to radiation measurements.
ASTM E2677: International Standard on Limit of Detection for Trace Detectors—Explosives, Opioids, and Ozone
Authors: Verkouteren R. Michael , Heckert N. Alan , Leigh Stefan , Sisco Edward , Norris James E. , Lawrence Jeffrey , Burns Amber
Published: November 2019

The performance characteristics of explosive and narcotic trace detectors are mission critical to agencies worldwide that are charged with protection of the public, defense for mass transit and infrastructure, illicit drug interdiction, and the safety of first responders. Commercial trace detectors can measure signals from nanogram-size analytes in complex matrices, but even with proper maintenance, detector performance can degrade over time. Sensitive indicators of performance include the limit of detection and the minimum consistently detectable amount (MCDA), which are distinctive for each analyte in each detector for a given set of operating parameters. ASTM Subcommittee E54.01, with help from industry and agency stakeholders, recently approved ASTM E2677-14, Standard Test Method for Determining Limits of Detection in Explosive Trace Detectors. This method allows a well-characterized MCDA to be estimated in accordance with International Organization for Standardization and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) measurement, detection, and uncertainty concepts. Challenges of background interference, response nonlinearity, heteroskedastic behavior, and truncation by signal filters were considered. Data are input into a web-based calculator on a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cloud server in which data quality is assessed, calculations are performed, and results are returned to the user. This method is gaining use worldwide as a well-documented mechanism to estimate MCDA values and is now being considered by ASTM for a wider audience of users. We describe some of the details of this method and demonstrate two other applications: (1) ozone measurements that were simultaneously collected on two commercial monitors and the NIST Standard Reference Photometer; and (2) trace opioid samples that were measured using a variety of techniques: ion mobility spectrometry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and thermal desorption-direct analysis in real time-quadrupole mass spectrometry. We believe many environmental applications could benefit from such an approach.
Web-Based Calculator for ASTM E2677 Limits of Detection
Authors: Heckert N. Alan , Verkouteren R. Michael , Kwiatek Keith
Published: November 2019

ASTM-14 E2677, Standard Test Method for Determining Limits of Detection in Explosive Trace Detectors, is a relatively new standard for the limits of detection (LOD) in explosive trace detectors (ETDs). A unique feature of this standard is that it comes with a web-based calculator (https://www-s.nist.gov/loda/index.html) on a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) server for performing the limits of detection computations. This is a follow-up paper to the paper by Verkouteren et al., “ASTM E2677, International Standard on Limit of Detection for Explosive Trace Detectors—Explosives, Opioids, and Ozone,” which is included in this publication. The Verkouteren paper discusses the historical development of this standard and provides several applications of this LOD standard beyond its original development for ETDs. The scope of the current paper is the web-based computational tool for this standard.
Konvencionalne cigarete vs. alternativni uređaji – štetnost po zdravlje čovjeka i ekosustav
Authors: Kučić Grgić Dajana , Ocelić Bulatović Vesna , Pohanić Petra , Čavarović Nina , Bičanić Iva
Published: November 2019

Duhanski dim prvi je sprječiv uzrok smrti, a pušenje je danas sve manje prihvatljivo u mnogim društvenim segmentima. Radi vlastitog opstanka na tržištu duhanska industrija posljednjih desetak godina razvija alternativne proizvode – ENDS (engl. electrical nicotine delivery system) i HNBT (engl. heat-not-burn), kako bi ponudila manje štetnu opciju potrošačima. Proizvođači e-cigareta pozivaju se na deklaraciju GRAS, koja se odnosi isključivo na konzumiranje ingestijom, dok je već i udisanje samog aerosola, koji nastaje kod oba navedena proizvoda, štetno. E-cigarete stvaraju aerosol zagrijavanjem e-tekućine, dok se HNBT uređaji temelje na zagrijavanju komprimiranog lišća duhana, čime nastaju štetni spojevi iako u znatno manjim koncentracijama nego kod konvencionalnih cigareta.
Kako načiniti kristale limunske kiseline i šećera
Authors: Sikirica Milan
Published: November 2019

Učenici osnovnih škola gotovo redovito izvode pokus krstalizacije modre galice i kuhinjske soli. Modra galica je otrovna i štetna za okoliš, a veće kristale kuhinjske soli teško je dobiti. Umjesto pokusa kristalizacije modre galice i kuhinjske soli bolje je izvesti pokus kristalizacije limunske kiseline i običnoga šećera. Te su tvari jeftine, lako dostupne, biorazgradljive i nisu štetne za okoliš.
Rapid Degradation ofCaenorhabditis elegansProteins at Single-Cell Resolution with a Synthetic Auxin
Authors: Martinez Michael A Q , Kinney Brian A , Medwig-Kinney Taylor N , Ashley Guinevere , Ragle James M , Johnson Londen , Aguilera Joseph , Hammell Christopher M , Ward Jordan D , Matus David Q
Published: November 2019

As developmental biologists in the age of genome editing, we now have access to an ever-increasing array of tools to manipulate endogenous gene expression. The auxin-inducible degradation system allows for spatial and temporal control of protein degradation via a hormone-inducible Arabidopsis F-box protein, transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1). In the presence of auxin, TIR1 serves as a substrate-recognition component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF), ubiquitinating auxin-inducible degron (AID)-tagged proteins for proteasomal degradation. Here, we optimize the Caenorhabditis elegans AID system by utilizing 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), an indole-free synthetic analog of the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). We take advantage of the photostability of NAA to demonstrate via quantitative high-resolution microscopy that rapid degradation of target proteins can be detected in single cells within 30 min of exposure. Additionally, we show that NAA works robustly in both standard growth media and physiological buffer. We also demonstrate that K-NAA, the water-soluble, potassium salt of NAA, can be combined with microfluidics for targeted protein degradation in C. elegans larvae. We provide insight into how the AID system functions in C. elegans by determining that TIR1 depends on C. elegans  SKR-1/2, CUL-1, and RBX-1 to degrade target proteins. Finally, we present highly penetrant defects from NAA-mediated degradation of the FTZ-F1 nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-25, during C. elegans uterine-vulval development. Together, this work improves our use and understanding of the AID system for dissecting gene function at the single-cell level during C. elegans development.
Fixed point theorems for weakly beta-admissible pair of F-contractions with application
Authors: Nazam Muhammad , Hussain Nawab , Hussain Aftab , Arshad Muhammad
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we introduce a new set Fsb of nonlinear functions. We obtain unique common fixed point theorems for (β; F)-weak contractions under the effect of functions from Fsb. Moreover, we deduce new common fixed point results in ordered and graphic b-metric spaces. Our work generalizes several recent results existing in the literature. We set up an example to elucidate main result. We apply the main theorem to show the existence of common solution of the system of elliptic boundary value problems.
Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity of Phyllanthus emblica Leaves and Bark in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Fauzi Novi I. , Simanjuntak Nela , Sinuraya Anastasia
Published: November 2019

Phyllanthus emblica is empirically used to treat various diseases. Chemical compounds in this plant includes benzene derivatives, diterpen and monoterpen, furanolacton, flavonoids and sterols. The purpose of this research is to investigate anti-hyperglycemic activity of P. emblica. The diabetic animal model was obtained by administration of alloxan 120 mg/kg BW intraperitonial. The rats were divided into 9 groups, i.e., normal group, negative control (1% CMC), positive control (glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg BW) and P. emblica leaves and bark ethanol extract at the dose of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg BW. Determination of flavonoid content was performed through colorimetric method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 425 nm. After 7 days of induction, the entire group was treated for 21 days, fasting blood glucose was performed on days 0, 1, 8, 15 and 22. Then the data of fasting blood glucose level in mice was treated with one way ANOVA analysis and advanced test with post hoc Least Significant Differences (LSD) method. The percentage of the blood glucose decrease from the animal treated with leaves extract at doses of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively, were 22.47%; 21.03%; and 24.52%, while those of bark extract were 32.19%; 31.61%; and 37.24%, respectively. Determination of total flavonoid level showed that the highest amount of flavonoids was observed in leaves (35.838 mg/g Quercetin). In conclusion, P. emblica bark and leaves showed anti-hyperglycemic activity.  Keywords: anti-hyperglycemic,  alloxan, Phyllanthus emblica, Wistar