bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediación penal: contribución a la simplificación del proceso y la resocialización del delincuente. Posibilidades de implementación en Cuba
Authors: Barroso González Jorge Luis , González Rodríguez Marta
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación es fundamentar teóricamente la pertinencia de la mediación penal como mecanismo simplificador del proceso y su contribución a la resocialización del delincuente, aspectos que sin duda constituyen valores agregados de los procesos de mediación penal, aunque no son enaltecidos de la forma que merecen. Por el contrario, frecuentemente al abordarse el tema de la mediación penal se le otorga mayor fuerza a lo que dicho proceso le ofrece a las víctimas, obviándose en cierta medida el carácter simplificador del proceso, lo cual resulta trascendente para que los jueces puedan dedicar su tiempo a los casos más complejos; y por otra parte, también se alude en materia de mediación penal a su contribución a la resocialización del delincuente, no porque la mediación propiamente sea sinónimo de resocialización, sino porque al evitar la imposición de una sanción penal, sin dudas se estará librando al delincuente de una sanción y sus efectos estigmatizantes, lo cual favorece un mejor proceso de resocialización. Se trata de una investigación de carácter teórico, por tanto, la metodología utilizada se corresponde con ello. Los elementos que se desarrollan con arreglo a la teoría permiten cuestionarse si resulta posible implementar la mediación penal en Cuba, reflexión con la que culminamos nuestro trabajo. Se concluye que no solo puede implementarse la mediación penal en Cuba, sino que también constituye una necesidad actual en el país caribeño.
La contracultura o esa homogeneidad por venir
Authors: Agudelo Velásquez Fernando
Published: April 2019

Los tiempos modernos exigen una educación constante. Ahora no basta con una educación para la vida en el sentido estricto de vivir individual y socialmente a plenitud. El desarrollo económico, entendido como “el incremento del volumen de producción de bienes y servicios, basándose en el principio de que un crecimiento del producto interior bruto per cápita llevará a la reducción de la pobreza y un mayor bienestar general de la población” (Torres Solé y Allepuz Capdevilla, 2009, p. 546), demanda sujetos que, una vez terminada su educación media, inicien estudios de profesionalización y posgrados que permitan el acceso a oportunidades laborales potenciadoras del incremento de su capital económico y su capacidad de consumo. Lo que deviene en una dinámica en la que factores como educación −trabajo/producción-consumo− se muevan en una espiral ascendente que da la sensación de no encuentrar fin hasta tanto la capacidad productiva del sujeto ha finalizado.
Anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and concomitant chronic kidney disease: the results of a prospective study
Authors: Daabul I. S. , Sokolova A. A. , Tsarev I. L. , Napalkov D. A. , Fomin V. V.
Published: April 2019

In recent years, both Russian and foreign authors have published many papers on anticoagulant therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). The largest are devoted to the study of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), which have appeared in this field since 2009, and their comparison with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in terms of efficacy, safety and other important characteristics. There are far fewer studies on DOACs and their comparison with VKAs and with each other in patients with AF and reduced kidney function. Most of them are retrospective. Meanwhile, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the population is very high, and doctors are faced with a problem of selecting anticoagulant therapy for these patients.

Purpose. To assess the effect of VKAs and DOACs on renal function in real clinical practice in patients with AF depending on the stage of CKD.

Materials and methods. A prospective single-centre non-randomized non-interventional observational study in parallel groups was conducted. The study included 92 patients with AF and CKD of 1-4 stages (S1-S4). The comparison group consisted of 35 patients with AF without concomitant CKD. The patients’ age ranged from 44 to 94 years (mean age was 72.2 ± 8.5 years). Patients of both groups received anticoagulant therapy with VKA (warfarin) or one of the registered in the Russian Federation DOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban). During the observation (median was 10 months), follow-up visits were every 3 months. On visits we conducted the evaluation of effectiveness (strokes / TIA and thromboembolic complications) and safety (major and minor hemorrhagic events) of anticoagulant therapy, as well as the dynamics of kidney function (CC by Cockroft-Gault, GFR by CKD-EPI).

Results. The main results are devoted to patients with AF and concomitant CKD. Significant dynamics of the kidney function depending on the anticoagulant taken (VKA or representatives of the DOACs class) were not identified. There were not any thromboembolic complications and major bleedings during the observation period. Statistically significant more minor bleedings on any dose of rivaroxaban in comparison with other anticoagulants were identified.

Conclusions. In patients with AF and CKD, there was no significant effect of one or another anticoagulant on the kidney function, which is probably related to the concomitant nephroprotective therapy obtained in a large percentage of cases (ACE inhibitors / ARA, calcium antagonists, statins). Therapy with DOACs and warfarin in patients with AF and CKD for an average of 10 months of followup was effective and safe. In case of AF and CKD combination, the use of dabigatran or apixaban seems to be more preferable in relation to minor bleedings, the use of which less often leads to the development of hemorrhagic events.
Possibilities for correcting endothelial dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease
Authors: Filippov E. V.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the treatment of endothelial  dysfunction in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease. The authors assess the possibilities for correction of endothelial dysfunction using the main classes of antihypertensive drugs. The efficacy and advantage of combination therapy in the treatment of such patients is shown.
Risk factors associated with the development of death events during the first year of follow-up after pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Berns S. A. , Schmidt E. A. , Neeshpapa A. G. , Potapenko A. A. , Smirnov K. V. , Gorbunova E. V. , Zhidkova I. I. , Mamchur I. N. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: April 2019

Purpose: to identify the factors associated with the development of death events during the year follow-up after hospitalization for pulmonary embolism (PE). Materials and methods: 93 patients with PE discharged to the outpatient stage of observation were studied. 45 (61,6%) patients were female with an average age of 66 years. The examination of patients at the stage of inclusion in the study consisted of standard methods of examination for this pathology. The diagnosis was confirmed by multislice computed tomography. Follow-up was 12 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc Version 16.2.1. Results: during the one-year follow-up period 62 (66,7%) patients with PE were alive but 11 patients (11,8%) died, and no information was obtained about 20 patients. The causes of death were as follows: the development of recurrent PE – 4 (36,4%) patients, cancer – 3 patients (27,3%), stroke – 2 (18,1%), one patient (9,1%) died due to severe heart failure and one – myocardial infarction. A comparative analysis in the groups of alive patients (n = 62) and patients with a fatal events (n = 11) showed that the dead patients were older (78 (68; 81) vs. 65 (49; 75) years; p = 0,003), had a higher PESI score (119,0 (99,7; 137,2) vs. 88,0 (68,0; 108,0); p = 0,016) and were less compliant to prolonged anticoagulant therapy during the one year of observation (45,5% of patients (n = 5) vs. 82,3% ( = 51); p = 0,015). The ROC curve determined that a high risk of death during the one year after PE is associated with age over 70 years (p = 0,0001) and more than 95 points by PESI in the hospital period (p = 0,0001). Conclusion: The death events were developed in 11,8% of cases in patients with pulmonary embolism during the first year of follow-up. The death outcomes were significantly associated with elderly age, intermediate and high risk by PESI in the hospital period and low compliance to anticoagulant therapy extended during the year after pulmonary embolism.
Therapy of iron-deficiency anemia in gynecological patients
Authors: Zhorova V. E.
Published: April 2019

The article considers the indications for the use of iron carboxymaltosate, peculiarities of its structure, efficiency and safety of its use in various gynecological diseases, proved on the basis of meta-analysis of randomized clinical studies
Efficacy of iron sulfate with ascorbic acid in pregnant women with iron deficiency of varying degrees of severity
Authors: Ilyina I. Yu. , Dobrokhotova Ju. E.
Published: April 2019

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common diseases in the world, characterized by hemoglobin synthesis disorder due to iron deficiency and manifested by anemia. According to WHO, the rate of IDA in pregnant women in different countries ranges from 21 to 80%, judging by the level of hemoglobin, and from 49 to 99% - by serum iron. Lack of treatment of iron-deficient pregnant women with varying degrees of iron deficiency leads to an increase in the frequency of complicated pregnancy, such as the threat of termination of pregnancy, placental insufficiency, delay in intrauterine development and hypoxia of the fetus, premature delivery, poor uterine contraction strength, pathological bleeding, infectious complications. Aim of the study: study of the efficacy of the drug containing iron sulfate (Ferrous sulfate) and ascorbic acid in pregnant women with latent and manifest forms of iron deficiency. Patients and methods: 66 pregnant women were examined. Group 1 consisted of 36 pregnant women with latent iron deficiency, Group 2–30 pregnant women with manifest iron deficiency and moderate anemia. Pregnant women in the 1st group were prescribed the drug only for 1 month due to the fact that there were no manifestations of anemia in this category of patients. Blood parameters were monitored dynamically after 1 month of treatment and after 2 months, which means after 1 month of absence of the drug intake. Patients of the 2nd group received treatment during 2 months, dynamic treatment after laboratory parameters was carried out after 1 and 2 months of treatment. Results of the study. Analyzing the data obtained, it was found that all laboratory parameters differ significantly from those before treatment. Pregnant women of the 1st group have no reliable changes between the parameters after 1 and 2 months of observations, as during this period the patients did not receive iron medication. And even a slight decrease in some indicators is noted, but when compared with laboratory data before treatment, the results differ significantly. Conclusion: Ferrous sulfate and ascorbic acid can be recommended to compensate iron deficiency in pregnant women with LID to prevent the development of anemia, in patients with MID to treat anemia and prevent the development of possible complications in pregnant women associated with this condition. Thus, earlier detection and elimination of LID leads to prevention of anemia later on.
Bacterial Vaginosis: Is there an alternative to traditional drugs?
Authors: Malova I. O. , Afanasyeva I. G.
Published: April 2019

The results of treatment of 204 patients with bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole, clindamycin and dequalinium chloride, as well as the efficacy of two-stage treatment with consistent use of etiotropic drug and lactobacillus drug are discussed.
Human urine contamination with environmental pollutants: simultaneous determination using UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Beltifa Asma , Machreki Monia , Ghorbel Asma , Belaid Afifa , Smaoui Emna , Akrout Feriele Messadi , Di Bella Giuseppa , Khdary Nezar H. , Reyns Tim , Ben Mansour Hedi , Van Loco Joris
Published: April 2019

Paraben derivatives are widely used as an antifungal, antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic products, pharmaceuticals, and food. These molecules are called endocrine disruptors (EDCs). The exposure of the human body to paraben derivatives needs further study and for this purpose 200 urine samples were collected from Tunisian men and women aged between 5 and 90 years to determine three paraben derivatives: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP) and propylparaben (PP) using ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). The three major parabens were found in 95 urine samples. The obtained results indicate that MP, EP, and PP were detected in 57%, 46%, and 40% of all samples, respectively. Urinary concentration for the three parabens was in the range of 0.88–84.46 ng/mL, 0.52–29.2 ng/mL, and 0.51–28.17 ng/mL of PP, MP, and EP, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of the paraben derivatives in women were higher than those of men. These findings indicate that the exposure occurs from common products (foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals). The Tunisian authorities should control the composition of packaging of these common products in order to protect humans against EDCs.
Heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid using Fe/CeO2-TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Hammedi Tijani , Triki Mohamed , Alvarez Mayra G. , Llorca Jordi , Ghorbel Abdelhamid , Ksibi Zouhaier , Medina Francesc
Published: April 2019

This paper is built on the Fenton-like oxidation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p–HBZ) in the presence of H2O2 and 3%Fe supported on CeO2-TiO2 aerogels under mild conditions. These catalysts were deeply characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of thermal treatment, pH (2–3, 5, 7), H2O2/p–HBZ molar ratio (5, 15, 20, 25) and reaction temperature (25 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) on the catalytic properties of supported Fe catalysts are studied. Our results highlight the role of CeO2 and the calcination of the catalyst to obtain the highest catalytic properties after 10 min: 73% of p–HBZ conversion and 52% of total organic carbon (TOC) abatement.
Elastic turbulence under polymer solutions flow in microchannels with variable cross-section
Authors: Akhmetov A.T. , Vlasov S.A. , Vasilyev A.V. , Mavletov M.V. , Sametov S.P. , Rakhimov A.A.
Published: April 2019

The flow of a dilute solution of a high-molecular polymer in channels of variable cross-section at low Reynolds numbers exhibits elastic turbulence accompanied by an increase of the hydraulic resistance by several times in comparison with water although the viscosity of the solution is only 10-20% higher than the viscosity of water. This phenomenon was studied in models of glass balls by James and McLaren (1978), in channels of variable cross-section by V.N. Kalashnikov (1987). In described experiments the flow field was visualized in the flat and volumetric models of variable cross-section and in the complex channel structure representing the core section of the oil reservoir. An increase of hydraulic resistance was observed in all types of flow at low Reynolds numbers, pulsations in a flow with a frequency of 5-10 Hz were detected. Competent use of elastic turbulence will significantly increase the efficiency of waterflooding during oil production.
Heat and mass transfer processes in the channel of the honeycomb catalyst during the oxidation of hydrogen sulphide
Authors: Balapanov D.M. , Urmancheev S.F.
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to numerical simulation of conversion of gaseous hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur when passing through a reactor with a catalyst bed of honeycomb structure. Taking into account the regularity of the honeycomb structure, the catalyst bed is decomposed into identical cells, each of which contains a single channel with a porous wall of finite thickness. The process is described by the equations of heat conduction and diffusion, which are valid throughout the partition cell. The concentration profiles are calculated at various values of the Peclet numbers.
Numerical Modeling of Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Convection Cell
Authors: Volkova E.V.
Published: April 2019

A polymerase chain reaction occurring under convection conditions is studied in a simplified Rayleigh-Benard cell. During the reaction, copies of the original DNA templates are created due to circulation of the flow between the cold and hot regions. The process of creating the DNA templates copies (DNA amplification) is described by evolution equations that determine concentrations for each of the components of the mixture.
The formation of gas hydrates under shock wave impact on the bubble media (two-dimensional case)
Authors: Galimzianov M.N. , Chiglintsev I.A. , Agisheva U.O. , Buzina V.A.
Published: April 2019

Formation of gas hydrates under shock wave impact on bubble media (two-dimensional case) The dynamics of plane one-dimensional shock waves applied to the available experimental data for the water–freon media is studied on the base of the theoretical model of the bubble liquid improved with taking into account possible hydrate formation. The scheme of accounting of the bubble crushing in a shock wave that is one of the main factors in the hydrate formation intensification with increasing shock wave amplitude is proposed.
Reflection of a longitudinal travelling wave from the notch in a rod plunged into viscous liquid
Authors: Ilgamov M.A. , Khakimov A.G.
Published: April 2019

The article investigates the reflection of a longitudinal damped travelling wave from the transverse notch and its movement along an infinite rod plunged into viscous liquid. The simplest model for the stress deformed state in the notch zone is applied. The solution is found to depend on the parameters of the liquid and damping characteristics in the material of the rod and the surrounding liquid. The solution to the inverse problem makes it possible to define the coordinate of the notch and the parameter that contains its depth and length using data on both the incident and reflected waves at the observation point.
Temperature influence on orientation dynamics of oscillatory Poiseuille flow of nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Nasibullayev I.Sh. , Kamaletdinova U.R.
Published: April 2019

In this work is studying temperature influence and surface anchoring in orientation behaviour of oscillatory Poiseuille flow of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) in the plane cell. Without external influence molecules lays along flow plane. Molecules orientation change and caused by this back-flow is studied by low-amplitude decomposition.
Development of gas hydrates the modern technologies
Authors: Khabirov V.V. , Khabirov S.V.
Published: April 2019

The scheme of gas production from gas hydrates on underwater slopes is offered. The existing modern technologies which have to be used are listed. The mathematical apparatus for calculations describes a filtration of polyphase environments in the relative frame elastic porous medium with phase change.
Current Updates on the Regulation of Beta-Secretase Movement as a Potential Restorative Focus for Management of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Ahmad Syed Sayeed , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: April 2019

The most recent decade was described by a developing awareness about the seriousness of dementia in the field of age-related people. Among the dementias, Alzheimer's assumes a plentiful role as a result of its amazingly high rate and casualty. A few pharmacological procedures have been attempted yet at the same time now, Alzheimer continues being an untreatable malady. The collection of Aβ in the brain is an early poisonous occasion in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, which is the most widely recognized type of dementia correlated with plaques and tangles within the brain. However, the mechanism of the intraneuronal direction of BACE1 is poorly understood. AD is caused by mutations in one of the genes that encoding APP, presenilins 1 and 2. Most of the mutations in these genes increase Aβ42 production. Numerous receptors are associated with initiating Aβ transport and clearance. Among them, RAGE is an influx transport receptor that binds soluble Aβ and mediates pathophysiological cellular responses. RAGE additionally intervenes the vehicle of plasma Aβ over the blood-brain barrier. LRP-1 functions as a clearance receptor for Aβ at the blood-brain barrier. The regulation of beta-secretase movement is being explored as a potential restorative focus for treating AD.
Assessment of the Effect of Baicalin on Duck Virus Hepatitis
Authors: Chen Yun , Yao Fangke , Ming Ke , Shi Jintong , Zeng Ling , Wang Deyun , Wu Yi , Hu Yuanliang , Liu Jiaguo
Published: April 2019

Background: Duck virus hepatitis (DVH) caused by duck hepatitis A virus
type 1 (DHAV-1) is a malignant disease in ducklings, causing economic losses in the
duck industry. However, there is still no antiviral drug against DHAV-1 in the clinic.

Objective: Our aim is to investigate the anti-DHAV-1 effect of baicalin, which is a
flavonoid derived from the Chinese medicinal herb huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis
Georgi).

Methods: Here, we first detected its anti-DHAV-1 ability in vitro and in vivo. At the same
time, the inhibition of baicalin on DHAV-1 reproduction was determined. Finally, we
tested and verified the anti-oxidative and immuno-enhancing roles of baicalin on its
curative effect on DVH.

Results: Baicalin possessed anti-DHAV-1 effect. It improved the cytoactive of DEH
which was infected by DHAV-1 as well as reduced the DHAV-1 reproduction in DEH.
Under baicalin treatment, mortality of ducklings infected by DHAV-1 decreased,
additionally the DHAV-1 level and liver injury in such ducklings were significantly
reduced or alleviated. The in vitro mechanism study indicated baicalin inhibited DHAV-1
reproduction via interfering the viral replication and release. Furthermore, the in vivo
mechanism study manifested both the anti-oxidative and immuno-enhancing abilities of
baicalin, which played crucial roles in its curative effect on DVH.

Conclusion: This study may provide a scientific basis for developing baicalin as one or
a part of the anti-DHAV-1 drugs.
Serum IL-33 Level and IL-33, IL1RL1 Gene Polymorphisms in Asthma and Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Ahmadi Maryam , Fathi Farshid , Fouladi Saloomeh , Alsahebfosul Fereshteh , Manian Mostafa , Eskandari Nahid
Published: April 2019

Background:

Asthma is a chronic and complex inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract. Also, multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Against this background, IL-33 and IL1RL1 play a critical role in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Here, we explored the IL-33 serum level and two potential genetic variants in the IL33 gene and its receptor in Iranian asthma and MS patients.

Results:

The level of IL33 was significantly higher in asthma and MS patients compared to the control group (P< 0.001- P<0.001).The frequency distribution of the genotype in rs1342326 variant of IL-33 gene in patients with asthma, MS and healthy subjects was not significantly different (P>0.05). The frequency distribution of the genotype in rs10204137 variant of IL-33 gene in MS patients and healthy subjects was significantly different (p = 0.013).

Methods:

This study consisted of asthma (n=140) and MS patients (n=140), and healthy subjects (n=72). Genotyping was carried out in two genetic polymorphisms, rs1342326 variant of IL-33 and rs10204137SNP variant of IL-33 receptor genes, using High- Resolution Melt Real- Time PCR based method. The level of serum IL-33 was also measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrated that asthma and MS patients had a higher level of IL-33, and IL-33 receptor genetic polymorphism was associated with MS. Further studies in a larger multicenter setting are needed to explore the value of this marker as a risk stratification biomarker.
Human Papillomavirus Genome based Detection and Typing: A Holistic Molecular Approach
Authors: Gautam Abhilasha , Gedda Mallikarjuna R. , Rai Madhukar , Sundar Shyam , Chakravarty Jaya
Published: April 2019

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a species specific double-stranded DNA virus infecting human cutaneous or mucosal tissues. The genome structure of HPV is extremely polymorphic hence making it difficult to discriminate between them. HPV exhibits numerous dissimilar types that can be subdivided into high-risk (HR), probably high-risk and low-risk (LR), causing numerous types of cancers and warts around the genital organs in humans. Several screening methods are performed in order to detect cytological abnormalities and presence or absence of HPV genome. Currently available commercial kits and methods are designed to detect only a few HR/LR-HPV types, which are expensive adding to the economic burden of the affected individual and are not freely available. These gaps could be minimized through Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) method, which is a gold standard and a cost-effective technique for the detection of most HPV (both known and unknown) types by using specific consensus primers in minimal lab setup. In this context, numerous studies have validated the effectiveness of different sets of consensus primers in the screening of HPVs. Numerous consensus primers, such as E6, E6/E7, GP-E6/E7, MY09/11, GP5+/GP6+, SPF10, and PGMY09/11 have been developed to detect the presence of HPV DNA. In addition, HPV detection sensitivity could be achieved through consensus primer sets targeting specific ORF regions like L1 and E6, which may finally assist in better diagnosis of several unknown HR-HPVs. The present review, provides a summary of the available methods, kits and consensus primer sets for HPV genome based detection, their advantages and limitations along with future goals to be set for HPV detection.
Patient Recommendations to Improve the Implementation of and Engagement With Portals in Acute Care: Hospital-Based Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Greysen S Ryan , Magan Yimdriuska , Rosenthal Jamie , Jacolbia Ronald , Auerbach Andrew D , Harrison James D
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

The inclusion of patient portals into electronic health records in the inpatient setting lags behind progress in the outpatient setting.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to understand patient perceptions of using a portal during an episode of acute care and explore patient-perceived barriers and facilitators to portal use during hospitalization.

METHODS

We utilized a mixed methods approach to explore patient experiences in using the portal during hospitalization. All patients received a tablet with a brief tutorial, pre- and postuse surveys, and completed in-person semistructured interviews. Qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis to iteratively develop 18 codes that were integrated into 3 themes framed as patient recommendations to hospitals to improve engagement with the portal during acute care. Themes from these qualitative data guided our approach to the analysis of quantitative data.

RESULTS

We enrolled 97 participants: 53 (53/97, 55%) women, 44 (44/97, 45%) nonwhite with an average age of 48 years (19-81 years), and the average length of hospitalization was 6.4 days. A total of 47 participants (47/97, 48%) had an active portal account, 59 participants (59/97, 61%) owned a smartphone, and 79 participants (79/97, 81%) accessed the internet daily. In total, 3 overarching themes emerged from the qualitative analysis of interviews with these patients during their hospital stay: (1) hospitals should provide both access to a device and bring-your-own-device platform to access the portal; (2) hospitals should provide an orientation both on how to use the device and how to use the portal; and (3) hospitals should ensure portal content is up to date and easy to understand.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients independently and consistently identified basic needs for device and portal access, education, and usability. Hospitals should prioritize these areas to enable successful implementation of inpatient portals to promote greater patient engagement during acute care.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00102401; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01970852
Acceptability of Self-regulation Theory based mHealth Behaviorial Intervention for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity (Preprint)
Authors: Zheng Yaguang , Weinger Katie , Greenberg Jordan , Burke Lora E. , Sereika Susan M. , Patience Nicole , Gregs Matt C. , Li Zhuoxin , Qi Chenfang , Yamasaki Joy , Munshi Medha
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) is routinely used in younger adults with diabetes for weight loss. However, it is not known if older adult can use mHealth successfully in making lifestyle changes.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to examine the acceptability of a self-regulation theory-based mHealth behaviorial intervention for older adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

METHODS

This was a one-group intervention study. Participants received an 8-week self-regulation theory-based intervention consisting of 5 group sessions. They also used the Lose It! App for daily self-monitoring of food intake, a Fitbit, Bluetooth-enabled glucose meters, and weighing scales. At the end of the 8-week intervention, participants were asked to continue use of these devices for daily self-monitoring for 4 more weeks, without additional group sessions.

RESULTS

The sample (N=9) was White (88.9%) and female (44.4%), with mean 76.4±6.0 years of age (range: 69-89), 15.7±2.0 years of education, 33.3±3.1 kg/m2 for BMI and 7.4%±0.8 for HbA1c. Mild cognitive impairment was observed in 44.4% of sample. Over the 84 days of self-monitoring, the mean % days of using the Lose It!, Fitbit, blood glucose meter, and scale were 82.7±17.6, 85.2±19.7, 65.3±30.1, and 53.0±34.5, respectively. The mean percent weight loss from baseline was 4.92%±0.25. The dose of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin was reduced in 55.6% of participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Older adults are able to use mHealth to improve their lifestyle behaviors and clinical outcomes.

CLINICALTRIAL

NCT03398590
A Pilot Study to Assess the Compliance and Impact on Weight of Kurbo, a Pediatric Centered Weight Loss App (Preprint)
Authors: Cobb Victoria , Knee Alexander , Tokat Cansu , Conroy Rushika
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

The national prevalence of adolescent obesity has increased from 5% to 21% over the last five decades. Lifestyle modification continues to be the cornerstone of treatment for obesity and its comorbidities, and a number of digital tools have been developed as adjuncts to foster weight and BMI decrease. Apps targeting the pediatric population are few and none to date have been validated with scientific studies assessing their feasibility and outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this pilot study is to establish compliance and feasibility of Kurbo, a pediatric-centered weight loss app, as an adjunct to our pediatric weight management clinic.

METHODS

Kurbo utilizes games and activities to educate children about healthy eating and exercise. Kurbo also includes the option of personalized weekly feedback with a learning coach that covers basic nutrition education, behavior modification tools, and action plans to reach weekly food and exercise goals.
Subjects were primarily English speaking, aged 10 through 17 years old, with regular access to a smart device, and who were seen at Baystate Children’s Hospital outpatient weight management clinic. Participants were randomized to receive the Kurbo app or Kurbo plus a learning coach in addition to standard of care. Subjects were seen monthly by the dietitian or physician, where BMI was determined, and questionnaires assessing use of the app were answered.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven subjects were enrolled; 13 in the Kurbo group and 14 in the Kurbo plus learning coach group. Compliance overall was poor, with only 15% of subjects completing the required follow-up visits and approximately 7% and 4% of subjects self-reporting > 75% compliance with food or exercise tracking, respectively. A small increase in compliance was noted in app collected versus self-reported data.

CONCLUSIONS

Future studies might look into enrolling more motivated patients who might utilize the app more and have better outcomes.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02880254; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02880254 (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/74jU3ATSJ)
Evaluation of the Yield of Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Lymph Node Tuberculosis in Morocco, 2017: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bennani Kenza , Khattabi Asmae , Akrim Mohammed , Mahtar Mohamed , Benmansour Najib , Essakalli Hossyni Leila , Karkouri Mehdi , Cherradi Nadia , El Messaoudi My Driss , Lahlou Ouafae , Cherkaoui Imad , Khader Yousef , Maaroufi Abderrahmane , Ottmani Salah-Eddine
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

The frequency of occurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) has been increasing globally over the last two decades. In Morocco, EPTB cases account for 46% of the patients reported with a new episode of tuberculosis (TB). Lymph node TB (LNTB) is the most common form of EPTB. In line with the guidelines of the National TB Program, the diagnosis is mainly based on clinical evidence, including histopathology.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the yield of histopathology testing in the diagnosis of LNTB.

METHODS

This cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted among patients with cervical lymph node who were enrolled in the study from November 2016 to May 2017 in three regions of Morocco. We compared the outcomes of histopathological testing with those of bacteriology. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of histopathology testing were calculated. Culture and Xpert tests were used as the gold standard Laboratoty Testing.

RESULTS

A total of 262 patients were enrolled in this study. The Se, Sp, PPV, and NPV of histopathology testing were 95.6% (129/135), 64.6% (82/127), 74.1% (129/174), and 93.2% (82/88), respectively, in the presence of granuloma with or without caseous necrosis and were 84.4% (114/135), 74.8% (95/127), 78.1% (114/146), and 81.9% (95/116), respectively, in the presence of granuloma with caseous necrosis. The granuloma with caseous necrosis was associated with increased PPV and Sp of histopathology testing (P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The presence of the granuloma with caseous necrosis in the histopathological examination had significantly improved the yield of histopathology testing for the diagnosis of LNTB. The findings recommend to maintain histopathology testing in establishing the LNTB diagnosis and to explore other techniques to improve it.
Public hash signature for mobile network devices
Authors: Lizama Pérez Luis Adrián , Montiel Arrieta Leonardo Javier , Hernández Mendoza Flor Seleyda , Lizama Servín Luis Adrián , Simancas Acevedo Eric
Published: April 2019

In this work we have developed a digital signature protocol using hash functions that once implemented on mobile devices have demonstrated to be secure and efficient. It has been incorporated a model for a Certification Authority to exchange public keys between users. This work constitutes an experimental research, which bears a certain resemblance to theoretical research, but is not intended to propose a new theory, but to establish the behavior of a system to know its characteristics, in order to improve its knowledge and/or its performance. The hash signature system was tested on mobile communication devices. The experimental results show that the hash signature improves the efficiency to generate the cryptographic keys and the signing and verification processes when compared to ECC. Likewise, when generating 2048 keys, the hash signature is faster than RSA. In addition, the larger RSA keys consume a significative time, while the hash does not require to increase the size of the keys. Although we have not included here a formal analysis about the protocol, we highlight some points that improve the security of the proposed protocol. Finally, this work constitutes a new approach to public key cryptography based on hash functions that could be used to make digital signatures in electronic commerce. This method is suitable for mobile network devices due to the high speed and low hardware requirements of the hash functions. The method described here, which is compatible with hash functions, belongs to the field of post-quantum cryptography. The security of the method is based on the security of the hash cryptography, which is widely known and discussed.
THE PECULIARITY OF THE COMMUNICATIVE PERSPECTIVE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE SYSTEM FROM THE STANDPOINT OF SYSTEMIC LINGUISTICS
Authors: Todorova Ivelina D
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the description of the peculiarity of the communicative perspective of the Russian language system from the standpoint of systemic linguistics (or the system typology of languages - the theory of the system-typological language determinant G.P. Mel’nikov). Achievements of a systematic approach to the language allowed to determinants the internal forms - the internal determinants of the four morphological types of languages identified by V. von Humboldt. From the standpoint of systemic linguistics, the internal determinant of the Russian language is event-driven. According to G.P. Mel’nikov, one of the strange features of the Russian language are some non-standard constructions - “non-event” plots expressed in metaphorical ways. In the article on a number of examples to attempt to illustrate and comprehend these “non-eventual” sentences and explain their eventfulness from the position of G.P. Mel’nikov.
THE NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS AS A COMMUNICATIVE SITUATION FACTOR: A TYPOLOGY OF SITUATIONS WITH THREE PARTICIPANTS
Authors: Temirgazina Zifa K
Published: April 2019

The topicality of the study of communicative situations with three participants is conditioned by, firstly, the fact that pragma-linguistic characteristics of such form of speech interaction as trilogue should serve as a basis for the program development of chat-robots - virtual interlocutors; secondly, a traditional understanding of a communicative situation without reference to the number of the participants does not fully allow to identify the peculiarities of a person’s speech behavior in small-size speech groups. A communicative situation with three participants possesses a variety of pragmatic characteristic features conditioned by a limited number of verbal communication participants; regularities of turn-taking - the speaker and the listener - among the three participants; the configuration of the participants and the specificity of their relationship; the role-based status of the third person and other circumstances that influence the intentional and semantic aspects of utterances. For the classification of communicative situations two factors are important, particularly, the configuration of the participants and the specificity of their relationship; these features are the ones that determine the other pragmatic characteristics of a communicative situation. Based on these factors three major types of a communicative situation are distinguished: in the first type each of the three communicants are participants of verbal communication taking turns in a conversation, where necessary, with various illocutionary intentions; in the second type one of the communicants is the speaker and two others are addressees; in the third type the first two communicants are primary (the speaker and the addressee) while the third participant is secondary, optional. “The third person” can acquire a definite status in the communicative situation depending on the degree - from minimal to high - of his/her involvement in communication.
THE REPRESENTATION OF THE FEMININE PRINCIPLES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (According to the Media)
Authors: Kokova Alla V , Tameryan Tatiana Yu
Published: April 2019

In the article, on the material of interviews with women entrepreneurs in the Russianlanguage press of the North Caucasus, the selfimage of a business woman is built. In sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic perspectives, the self conceptualization of a business woman is carried out through the analysis of feminine principles of management. Based on cognitive, semantic and conceptual approaches cognitive features, ethnic and gender marked values characteristics of the concept and language means of its representation in the female ntrepreneurs Russian-speaking picture of the world in the North Caucasus are established.
FIELD ORGANIZATION OF CONCERTS “WAR” AND “PEACE” IN THE MODERN LINGUISTIC WORLD VIEW
Authors: Golubenko Elena A
Published: April 2019

Nowadays anthropocentric approach is widely used in the study of national culture in the Russian and foreign linguistics. It proves the emergence of linguistic and cultural trends in modern science, in which there is an interest in the issues of conceptualization and linguistic world view. Linguistic world view is a fundamental object of many modern scientists’ research, which is a complex process, the study of which is dictated by the development of linguistics and its individual areas in particular linguoculturology. The concept as a carrier of cultural information of a particular nation and an integral component of the national conceptual sphere unites the whole range of conceptual concepts and scientific views. The concept is a conceptual formation containing individual judgments and generally recognized standard values, i.e. the possible conceptual content of the object study or a linguistic phenomenon. The article considers the main results of the comparative study of the concepts “war” and “peace” and their representation in the linguistic world view of the Russian, English and Japanese languages. The result of the study of these concepts is the modeling of their field organization in the form of verbal and graphical representations, i.e. the content of concepts in the form of their field structures. This modeling allows us to confirm that the field organization of concepts in the implementation of their comparative analysis reveals the relationship of language with the existing reality, as well as reveals the national and specific characteristics of the linguistic consciousness of the ethnic group. The respondents’ reactions to the concepts “war” and “peace” directly depend on their linguistic identity and the type of culture they belong to. The modeling of the field organization provides a complete picture of the national and specific nature of the concepts. It is the concept “war” rather than “peace” that has a higher level of frequency and expressiveness in the native speakers’ minds of all three analyzed languages, that is not surprising, since respondents regardless of their cultural differences constantly face the outside world phenomena and experience the same basic emotions.
THE CONCEPTS OF THE SIMPLEST AND SIMPLE SENTENCES IN THE PARADIGM OF SYSTEMIC THEORY OF CASE
Authors: Dremov Alexey F
Published: April 2019

The article presents some of the results of systematic studies of the functions of the cases in a simple Russian sentence. Primarily, the systemic interpretation of the simplest and simple sentences as syntactic units is postulated, which possess not only different compositions and structures, but also reveal different grammatical meanings and categorial senses. Alongside, the notion of an event is defined and determined; the concept of predication is clarified and redefined; the concept of a dialectic, or causal, syllogism is introduced as a meaning caused by the internal form of a simple sentence. Consecutively, the ostensive definition of the internal determinants of the Russian language is given.
AUTOMATIC DISTRIBUTIVE-STATISTIC ANALYSIS AS SYSTEM TEXT PROCESSING
Authors: Maksimenko Olga I
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the to the description of the automatic distributive-statistic analysis, distinction in distributive and statistical approaches for the analysis of terminological lexicon, an opportunity of application of the method for automatic text processing, formation of thesauruses and possibility to use it for the identification text genre in the corpse of technical texts.
Prevalence of Clinic First Curricula: A Survey of AFMRD Members
Authors: Zeller Timothy A. , Ewing Joseph A. , Asif Irfan M.
Published: April 2019

Background and Objectives: Clinic First residency curricular approaches hold promise as models to successfully prepare primary care residents for future practice. The objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of the Clinic First model in current family medicine residency training environments, and assess beliefs surrounding curricular structure and postgraduate practice.
Methods: An eight-question survey was conducted among Association of Family Medicine Residency Directors (AFMRD) members in 2017. Data were grouped and analyzed for statistical significance and correlation using analysis of variance, Kendall’s τ, χ2, and Fisher exact test.
Results: Two hundred-eleven AFMRD members responded to the survey; 27% described their current curriculum as Clinic First; 68% stated that their ideal curriculum is Clinic First. Residents in Clinic First programs spend more half-days in continuity clinic per week compared with traditional programs during PGY1 (1.79, 1.39, P=0.001) and PGY2 (3.18, 2.90, P=0.024). In group analyses, 63% of Clinic First respondents prioritized clinic in developing resident schedules, compared with 8% of traditional respondents (P<0.001). Seventy-four percent of Clinic First respondents described their philosophy as full spectrum, compared with 93% of traditional respondents (P<0.001). Seventy-five percent of respondents listed their graduates’ most common practice type as outpatient practice, and there were no differences between groups (P=0.361). Sixty-one percent of traditional respondents stated that their ideal curriculum is Clinic First (P<0.001).
Conclusions: There is a high level of interest in the Clinic First model as a tool to prepare residents for future practice, but barriers to implementation need to be explored and addressed.
Family Medicine Program Director Tenure: 2011 Through 2017
Authors: Brown Steven R. , Gerkin Richard
Published: April 2019

Background and Objectives: The program director (PD) position is challenging. PDs are faced with many competing priorities and risk of burnout. Short PD tenure may contribute to training program challenges. The tenure of family medicine residency directors has not been rigorously studied. Our objective was to study family medicine program director tenure and change in tenure over time, and compare these to available Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) data.
Methods: We analyzed the 11 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance PD surveys from 2011 through 2017. We calculated mean and median responses to the question “How long have you been program director at your current program?” We compared these results to data from the ACGME Data Resource Book for all specialty programs.
Results: Of 2,577 responses in 11 PD surveys over 7 years, mean family medicine PD tenure was 6.5 years and median tenure was 4.5 years. Tenure did not change significantly from 2011-2017, and 30.5% of PDs have been in their position 0, 1, or 2 years. The right skew in our data (ie, median substantially less than mean), is similar to that seen in other specialties.
Conclusions: Mean family medicine PD tenure is 6.5 years and median tenure is 4.5 years. The short tenure and large number of new PDs annually may impact program quality and suggests more resources and support may be needed for PDs new in their position.