bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sense- boarding algorithm in superscalar, scalable multicore and data-inspired processors.
Authors: Bheemaiah Anil Kumar
Published: September 2019

A new algorithm of data dependencies and ILP is defined with the sense index of a thread in true-parallelism(™), from the definitions of Quasi-Parallelism, which is the sensitivity and sense indices defined for true scalability between single/multi-cores. The application to the CUDA architecture is delineated in formal architectural definitions. Keywords: CUDA architectures, superscalar, ILP, data prediction, sense sensitivity index. What:Out of order processing in a pipeline, can be optimized with the sense-boarding processor. In this single to multi-core scalable architecture, the processor is thread-centric with sleeping and active threads. Sleeping threads have a sense() function associated with them. Unlike their human counterparts, snoring is a useful feature that helps keep sensitive threads awake and running. sense-boarding is a scheduling algorithm that tracks the sensitivity indices of threads to snoring and helps schedule threads with dependency relationships for out of order execution.How:sense boarding is a board based dependency for instruction-level parallelism in multi-thread vector processing in out of order single-core/multicore symmetries.Inter thread dependencies of data are marked in a board data-structure by maps to define sensitivity and sense indices, sense functionality is useful in the case of dependencies, resource waiting and speculative execution or in data generation and prediction. sense determines the relationship in instruction-level parallelism, to sensitive out of order and data speculation. The application to the CUDA architecture for stream processing in GPUs is also mentioned.Algorithms are:Instruction level parallelism in sense-sensitivity index metrics:Data speculation , dirty caches, parallel pipeline algorithms.Scalability in single core/ multi core implementations.CUDA multi core architectures for stream speculation and instruction level parallelism.Why: Sleep is rest, and sense a measure of thread parallel-ness. While threads sleep for the right time, the awake ones perform in quasi-parallelism as HPC. Asynchronous with Lamport clocks.
KEMAMPUAN KERJA PEGAWAI SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KABUPATEN BARRU
Authors: Anirwan
Published: September 2019

Kinerja pegawai sangat ditentukan dari kemampuan kerja individu. Kinerja pegawai pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Barru masih belum optimal. Olehnya itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Kemampuan Kerja Pegawai Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Barru, dari aspek kopeteni, kesehatan, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan pegawai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode penelitian kualitatif ini digunakan karena penelitian yang dilakukan hanya bersifat deskriptif, yaitu penulis ingin menggambarkan, Kemampuan Kerja Pegawai Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Barru. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan kerja pegawai Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Barru belum optimal dilihat dari kompetensi, kondisi kesehatan pegawai, pengetahuan dan keterampilan pegawai. Kompentensi pegawai belum maksimal yang disebabkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dimiliki, sehingga kurang terampil dan cakap dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Sedangkan kondisi kesehatan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai karena kesehatan pegawai yang baik akan memperlancar pekerjaan yang menjadi tugas dan tanggungjawabnya.
No Substitute for the Real Thing: The Importance of In-Context Field Experiments In Fundraising.
Authors: Goswami Indranil , Urminsky Oleg
Published: September 2019

We present a complete empirical case study of fundraising campaign decisions that demonstratesthe importance of in-context field experiments. We first design novel matching-basedfundraising appeals. We derive theory-based predictions from the standard impure altruismmodel and solicit expert opinion about the potential performance of our interventions. Boththeory-based prediction and descriptive advice suggest improved fundraising performance from aframing intervention that credited donors for the matched funds (compared to a typical matchframing). However, results from a natural field experiment with prior donors of a non-profitshowed significantly poorer performance of this framing compared to a regularly framedmatching intervention. This surprising finding was confirmed in a second natural fieldexperiment, to establish the ground truth. Theoretically, our results highlight the limitations ofboth impure altruism models and of expert opinion in predicting complex “warm glow”motivation. More practically, our results question the availability of useful guidance, andsuggest the indispensability of field testing for interventions in fundraising.
Probability Distributions of Common Repeated Events Are Misestimated.
Authors: Urminsky Oleg
Published: September 2019

Accurately estimating the prospective probability distribution arising from repeatedevents with known probabilities, such as the number of heads in ten coin flips, represents asimple aptitude necessary for explicit Bayesian updating and useful in optimal decisions in theface of future uncertainty. Across elicitation methods and decision scenarios, people expressbeliefs that are systematically biased relative to the actual distribution. Participant beliefs reflecta “wizard-hat” shaped distribution, over-estimating the tails and under-estimating the shouldersof the distribution, relative to the actual bell-curve shape. While experts are relatively moreaccurate than novices, both show significant bias. The bias is not explained by regression to themean, random error or participant heterogeneity, and is exacerbated by increasing the number ofrepeated events. The findings caution against assuming Bayesian belief formation in models ofstatistical reasoning about explicit prospective beliefs based on repeated events with knownprobabilities.
Territoriality and the organization of technology during the Last Glacial Maximum in southwestern Europe
Authors: Cascalheira João
Published: September 2019

Climate changes that occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) had significant consequences in human eco-dynamics across Europe. Among the most striking impacts are the demographic contraction of modern humans into southern refugia and the potential formation of a population bottleneck. In Iberia and southern France transformations also included the occurrence of significant technological changes, mostly marked by the emergence of a diverse set of bifacially-shaped stone projectiles. The rapid dissemination of bifacial technologies and the geographical circumscription of specific projectile morphologies within these regions have been regarded as evidence for: (1) the existence of a system of long-distance exchange and social alliance networks; (2) the organization of human groups into cultural facies with well-defined stylistic territorial boundaries. However, the degree and modes in which cultural transmission have occurred within these territories, and how it may have influenced other domains of the adaptive systems, remains largely unknown. Using southern Iberia as a case-study, this paper presents the first quantitative approach to the organization of lithic technology and its relationship to hunter-gatherers' territorial organization during the LGM. Similarities and dissimilarities in the presence of metric and morphological data describing lithic technologies are used as a proxy to explore modes and degrees of cultural transmission. Statistical results show that similarities in technological options are dependent on the chronology and geographical distance between sites and corroborate previous arguments for the organization of LGM settlement in Southern Iberia into discrete eco-cultural facies.
Does Suffering Suffice? An Experimental Assessment of Desert Retributivism
Authors: Bauer Paul Cornelius , Poama Andrei
Published: September 2019

Michael S. Moore is among the most prominent normative theorists to argue that retributive justice, understood as the deserved suffering of offenders, justifies punishment. Moore claims that the principle of retributive justice is pervasively supported by our judgments of justice and sufficient to ground punishment. We offer an experimental assessment of these two claims, (1) the pervasiveness claim, according to which people are widely prone to endorse retributive judgments, and (2) the sufficiency claim, according to which no non-retributive principle is necessary for justifying punishment. We test these two claims in a survey and a related survey experiment in which we present participants (N = ~900) with the stylized description of a criminal case. Our results seem to invalidate claim (1) and provide mixed results concerning claim (2). We conclude that retributive justice theories which advance either of these two claims need to reassess their evidential support.
Executive functions, self-paced exercise and cycling performance
Authors: Holgado Darias , Sanabria Daniel
Published: September 2019

The main aim of the present thesis was to understand the role of executive (cognitive) functions in self-paced aerobic exercise (cycling). A self-paced exercise is a physical activity in which the effort has to be distributed in the best possible way to achieve the objective of the event (e.g., to cover a given distance as quickly as possible or to cover the largest possible distance in a given time). Self-paced exercise requires the monitoring and control of feedback from the muscles and cardiorespiratory systems to the brain. From an applied point of view, we could consider that the self-paced aerobic exercise is a goal-directed behaviour towards an objective that involves several cognitive processes, and in particular of executive functions (e.g., inhibitory control or working memory). Consequently, any change at cognitive level (and brain related to the cognitive processes under study) will affect physical performance. To understand this relationship, in an introductory chapter we summarized the role of executive functions on the self-paced exercise, and the empirical evidence of the neural basis. We also summarized the different manipulations that have been designed to investigate the role of the executive functions on self-paced exercise. In the following chapters, we describe the three studies we have conducted to investigate the role of executive functioning on the self-paced exercise. First, we investigated the ergogenic effect of tramadol on physical and cognitive performance. Next, we attempt to understand the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) on objective and subjective indices of exercise performance. Finally, we investigated the role of cognitive (executive) load during self-paced exercise.
Global Research Performance on the Design and Applications of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Hamza Mukhtar Fatihu , Sani Shehu Gaddafi , Umar Mustapha Mukhtar , Ismail Abdulbasid
Published: September 2019

There has been a significant contribution to scientific literature in the design and applications of Type-2 fuzzy logic systems (T2FLS). The T2FLSs found applications in many aspects of our daily lives, such as engineering, pure science, medicine and social sciences. The online web of science was searched to identify the 100 most frequently cited papers published on the design and application of T2FLS from 1980 to 2016. The articles were analyzed based on authorship, source title, country of origin, institution, document type, web of science category, and year of publication. The correlation between the average citation per year (ACY) and the total citation (TC) was analyzed. It was found that there is a strong relationship between the ACY and TC (r = 0.91643, P<0.01), based on the papers consider in this research.  The “Type -2 fuzzy sets made simple” authored by Mendel and John (2002), published in IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems received the highest TC as well as the ACY. The future trend in this research domain was also analyzed. The present analysis may serve as a guide for selecting qualitative literature especially to the beginners in the field of T2FLS.
Finite Element Modelling of Reinforced Concrete Beam Strengthened with Embedded Steel Reinforcement Bars
Authors: Chandra Nurman , Ridwan Ridwan , Ikhsan Muhammad
Published: September 2019

The increased of loads on existing reinforced concrete infrastructure and the lack of initial design and construction will induce flexural and shear failure. Several methods have been introduced to increase the shear capacity of existing reinforced concrete elements with FRP, involving the use of plates or fabric externally bonded (EB) to the webs of the bridge beams, prestressed straps wrapped around the beams or bars mounted within grooves prepared in the near-surface mounted (NSM) technique. Typical Indonesian concrete bridges consisted main girders connected with diaphragm beams where the distance between those girders are very close. In particular case, where the webs of the beams are difficult to access, a novel approach is introduced, namely deep embedment (DE) method. Three reinforced concrete beam models are prepared for this study. One specimen is the control specimen and identified, as Beam-CS and the other two are the strengthened specimens and identified as Beam-SS-3EB and Beam-SS-5EB. All specimens have the same dimensions and reinforcement configuration. Specimen Beam-SS-3EB was strengthened with three rows of 6 mm embedded plain steel bars while specimen Beam-SS-5EB was strengthened with five rows of 6 mm plain steel bars. The results showed that element size significantly affects the load-displacement curve behaviour. The similarity of the hysteresis curve in the FE analysis using the 25 mm element size suggested a reasonably good agreement between the analytical calculation and the prediction result from the FE analysis. Furthermore, maximum reaction force for Beam-SS-3EB and Beam-SS-5EB were 30.30 kN and 31.77 kN, respectively, represents an increase of 17.67% and 23.29% compared to that of the Beam-CS.
Goal-Setting for TVET Reform: A Framework for Identifying the Ideal System in Nepal
Authors: Caves Katherine Marie , Renold Ursula
Published: September 2019

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is a critical part of Nepal’s education system, both now and as the country continues to develop. The system has an opportunity to revise itself under the Constitution of Nepal (2015), which is implementing a new federal system of government. This paper identifies the best model for TVET in Nepal, based on the principles of permeability, quality, good governance, and education-employment linkage. Although the first two characteristics are well established, the latter two depend on local preferences. Based on a survey of TVET stakeholders in Nepal, we determine that a coordinated input-oriented governance model is best for Nepal. Through document analysis of the country’s TVET legal framework, we find that an occupation-driven style of education-employment linkage is the best fit. Both of these characteristics fit the country’s goals, but not necessarily its current situation, so the TVET system will have to change as it adapts to Nepal’s new Constitution.
Migrants’ Stories of Everyday Life: An Ethnographic Account
Authors: Pun Lal Bahadur
Published: September 2019

This article discusses migrants’ stories of everyday life. The migrants inscribe their different stories in the new contexts and social systems. After mirroring migrants’ first-hand stories, those stories are retold by migrants themselves and also by readers or audiences. The retelling of those stories reveals the reflections of individuals, groups, or on any social events or ceremonies. Against this background, this article aims at explicating how migrants coin their stories in the social worlds, which they practise in their everyday life. As a narrative ethnographer, I have attempted to knit the stories of two migrants from Bharse in Gulmi District, Nepal, who have been currently living in Kathmandu. Based on informal conversations and interactions with the migrants and observations of their everyday life, I have garnered their stories. The findings reveal that the changing socio-cultural contexts, over time and space, lead to the germination of new stories of the everyday life of the migrants. Moreover, the migrants engage in diverse social rules, regulations and value systems, as these attributes are required for behavioural change and social adaptation. Above all, the migrants embody multiple stories in their everyday life because of their knowledge and experiences of the places of their origin and destination.
Epidemiological Surveillance over HIV-infection Including Patients Co-infected with HIV and Viral Hepatitis in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Bazykina E. A. , Turkutyukov V. B. , Trotsenko O. E. , Taenkova I. O. , Balakhontseva L. A. , Kotova V. O. , Krapivkin A. I. , Zinkovskaya S. V. , Yanovich O. A. , Lomakina E. A. , Lukina Z. I. , Beniova S. N. , Skljar V. F. , Davudova I. V. , Kozhevnikov A. A. , Lipskaya N. A. , Kuznetsova A V.
Published: September 2019

Relevance. HIV-infection continues to be one of the unsolved issues of modern healthcare. In the Russian Federation, an annual increase in the number HIV-infected people including co-infected with HIV and viral hepatitis is registered. This is associated with common transmission mechanisms of the diseases. Objective: to conduct a retrospective analysis of the main HIV-infection epidemiological indices that included prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C among people living with HIV in the Far Eastern Federal district during years 2006–2018. Materials and methods: the conducted retrospective epidemiological analysis was based on evaluation of materials provided by AIDS prevention and control regional centers as well as in the official statistical data form № 61 «Data on HIVinfected contingents». Analysis of the obtained data included parametric and nonparametric statistics. Results. A deterioration of the epidemic situation concerning HIV-infection with and without viral hepatitis B and C was registered in the Far Eastern Federal district. The fraction of HIV-positive people aged 40 years and older increased up to 24.68 ± 0.26% in 2018. Feminization of HIV-infected population was observed. The fraction of HIV-positive women increased from 32.30 ± 0.50 % in 2006 to 36.82 ± 0.29% in 2018. The fraction of sexual transmission mechanism of the HIV has increased during the observed period of time and totaled 40.60 ± 0.30% in 2018. This fact plays a significant part in the spread of HIV in the Far Eastern Federal district. Conclusion. The revealed tendencies indicate a necessity of changing the preventive measures strategy against HIV.
Pre-Clinical Studies of Inactivated Polivalent Vaccine Against Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Authors: Sinyugina A. A. , Dzagurova T. K. , Ishmukhametov A. A. , Balovneva M. V. , Kurashova S. S. , Korotina N. A. , Egorova M. S. , Tkachenko E. A.
Published: September 2019

Relevance. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a non-transmissible viral zoonosis widespread in Eurasia, and in Russia it occupies a leading position among zoonotic viral infections and one of the first places among all natural focal human diseases. Aim. Obtaining evidence of the safety, quality and efficacy of a polyvalent vaccine against HFRS as a result of its preclinical studies using scientific assessment methods that meet the requirements and rules of good laboratory practice. Materials and methods. For preclinical studies of the polyvalent vaccine against HFRS, the materials and methods were used in strict accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documents, as well as previously described methods used to control the vaccine at the technological stages of its manufacture. Results. The data obtained as a result of preclinical studies of the polyvalent vaccine agains HFRS indicate a high immunogenicity and stability of the vaccine, the absence of: acute and chronic toxicity, allergenic, immunotoxic and mutagenic, as well as toxic effects on the reproductive organs of animals, embryo development and offspring, born to females who received the vaccine within 20 days of gestation. Conclusion. The obtained results of preclinical studies comply with the requirements for immunobiological medical preparations designed for humans, and are the basis for conducting the 1st phase of clinical trials the polyvalent vaccine against HFRS.
The Results of the Mass Immunization Program against Rotavirus Infection of Children of the First year of Life in a Separate Territory of the Moscow Region
Authors: Feklisova L. V. , Shapovalova R. F.
Published: September 2019

Relevance. The rotavirus infection (RI) is one of the leading causative agent in the structure of acute enteric infections, established etiology. Long term epidemiological monitoring RI was shown that Podolsk-city in Moscow region was unfavorable place concerning prevalence of RI. Aims. Studying epidemiological efficiency and collective immunization safety of infancy children in Podolsk-city, Moscow region. Materials and methods. Registration rates of this morbidity and coverage of RI prophylactic immunization were analyzed on the basis of formal registration forms, epidemiological detection cards, out-patient cards for observation over a patients, medical reports, case register in policlinics and hospitals, vaccination documents (f. № 5, f. № 6, f. 025/a, f. 058/a, f. 060/a, f. 063/a, f. 064/a). RI data have been provided over a period of time from 2008 to 2018. Data coverage of vaccination have been given from 2015 to 2018. Used method is statistic observation. Results. Vaccination program concerning RI has been implemented in Podolsk-city from 2008 till 2018. Babies at breast in their first being were vaccinated. Live pentavalent was used for immunization. The coverage target contingent of vaccination reached 68%. This preparation was withstood by children well, unwanted effects and intestines invaginations during the vaccination were not registered. During vaccination, the number children gone to hospital with acute intestinal infections was decreasing annually. The number of children to hospital admissions at the age of one year decreased from 15.8 to 12.5%, at the age of 2–3 decreased from 43.8 to 36.3%, with small increase in specific weight of patients of an age group of 7–14 years from 7.70 to 11.2%, but at the reduced total number of inpatients of this age category. Reduction of RI morbidity marked as in target age group as in another groups which were not vaccinated. Thus, formation of population benefits was confirmed. Conclusion. Clinicoepidemiologic research paper was studied in 2014–2018 allowed to make a conclusion that the cohort immunization of infancy children with the rotavirus infection, contributes to decreasing rate morbidity in certain territory Moscow region which had surpassing factors of this infection in comparison with other cities. The number of covering collective immunization was not lower 60% of infancy children and assisted falling enteric infections in their 0–6 years, made a big impression on reducing of acute intestinal diseases among all age groups during immunization implementation company within three years.
Genetic editing for improvement of fruit and small fruit crops
Authors: Tikhonova N. G. , Khlestkina E. K.
Published: September 2019

Today the range of crops, which are studied and improved with the help of genetic editing technologies, in particular with CRISPR/Cas system, is actively expanding. High accuracy, ease of editing tools application and relative cheapness allow the use of this method in research in various fi elds of biology. The present systematic review summarizes the global experience of editing the genome of fruit and small fruit crops using the CRISPR/Cas9 tool and considers the prospect of using this newest biotechnological approach for crop improvement. The systematic review employed one of the most authoritative internet resources indexing the reviewed scientifi c publications, such as the Scopus database. By systematic search concerning 37 species of fruit and small fruit crops 115 publications were found, among which 26 described original research on CRISPR/Cas system application to fruit and small fruit crops. A total of 21 target genes have been edited in 8 crops. Some of the studies are consecrated to the approbation of the method or establishing/clarifying the functions of the target genes by their knockout. In the review we distinguished the publications describing application of gene editing tools for improving the properties of plants. By now 12 target genes have been successfully edited in fruit and small fruit plants. The main type of modifi cation is the knockout, which is aimed at negative regulators of the factors of resistance to pathogens or at changing the morphology of plants. In most cases the modifi ed plants have the desired characteristics and have been tested for resistance to pathogens by laboratory tests. It is discussed how much the target mutagenesis application to fruit and small fruit crops can be broadened in future.
SSR-analysis of some apricot varieties (Prunus armeniaca L.) of the Dagestan eco-geographical subgroup
Authors: Stepanov I. V. , Suprun I. I. , Anatov D. M. , Lobodina E. V. , Osmanov R. M.
Published: September 2019

Genetic studies of diff erent geographical origin of apricot varieties contribute to the accumulation of information about distribution and cultivation history of this crop. Valuable material in such studies is the local autochthonous germplasm. The local Dagestan varieties can be included to representatives of the autochthonous germplasm of apricot. Genetic studies of the Dagestan germplasm will allow to evaluate its contribution in world apricot gene pool, as well as to determine its place among varieties with diff erent eco-geographical origin. Six SSR- markers previously elaborated on Siberian apricots were used in the genotyping of 12 apricot varieties. Much of the selected varieties were represented by local Dagestan forms. Microsatellite markers used in this study allowed to separate all varieties selected for work as genotypes with specifi c SSR profi les. The polymorphism level, expressed in the number of alleles per locus, had high values, based on the analysis of studies previously conducted in the world. In this regard, we can conclude that the involved SSR markers can be used in further studies aimed at analyzing the genetic diversity of the studied culture. In this study, clustering apricot varieties was used to determine related groups of varieties, based on the data SSR-genotyping. For cluster analysis the neighbor joining (NJ) method was used. The clustering of the samples carried out in the work, allowed us to reveal the intermediate position of Dagestan varieties relative to varieties of diff erent eco-geographical origin. To confi rm the obtained results, the PCoA main coordinates method which refl ecting the relationship of genotyped samples on the coordinate plane was additionally used. The patterns of samples distribution on the plot of coordinates revealed by PCoA generally corresponded to the clustering data using the neighbor joining (NJ). The study made it possible to evaluate the eff ectiveness of the SSR-markers used in the work for the genotyping of apricot varieties and to obtain information on the genetic relatedness of the local Dagestan varieties relative to other eco-geographical groups of varieties.
A deep learning-based procedure for estimation of ultimate load carrying of steel trusses using advanced analysis
Authors: Hung Truong Viet , Viet Vu Quang , Thuat Dinh Van
Published: September 2019

In the present study, Deep Learning (DL) algorithm or Deep Neural Networks (DNN), one of the most powerful techniques in Machine Learning (ML), is employed for estimation of ultimate load factor of nonlinear inelastic steel truss. Datasets consisting of training and test data are created based on advanced analysis. In datasets, input data are the member cross-sections of the truss members and output data is the ultimate load factor of the whole structure. An example of a planar 39-bar steel truss is studied to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the DL method. Five optimizers such as Adadelta, Adam, Nadam, RMSprop and SGD and five activation functions such as ELU, LeakyReLU, Sigmoid, Softplus, and Tanh are considered. Based on analysis results, it is proven that DL algorithm shows very high accuracy in the regression of the ultimate load factor of the planar 39-bar nonlinear inelastic steel truss. The number of layers can be selected with a small value such as 1, 2 or 3 layers and the number of neurons in each layer can be chosen in the range [Ni, 3Ni] with Ni is the number of input variables of the model. The activation functions ELU and LeakyReLU have better convergence speed of the training process compared to Sigmoid, Softplus and Tanh. The optimizer Adam works well with all activation functions considered and produces better MSE values regarding both training and test data.

Keywords:

deep learning; artificial neural networks; nonlinear inelastic analysis; steel truss; machine learning.
ROBUST CONTROL AND STATE ESTIMATION OF A THREE-STAGE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS
Authors: Semcheddine Samia , Bouchareb Hanane
Published: September 2019

The production of biogas via an anaerobic fermentation process is very interesting for various reasons: it not only produces renewable energy, but also facilitates the disposal of organic waste, therefore it preserves the environment, it contributes to the resolution of energy problems in agriculture and agro industry, it’s available for everyone because the waste is available everywhere. This process takes place in continuously stirred tank bioreactor and is described by a highly nonlinear model whose parameters are often uncertain thereby requiring robust control in any process performance enhancement procedure to optimize the biogas production. Thus a robust control technique, synergetic, is proposed to improve the settling time in a fermentation based biogas production in a simulation study; the simulation study is carried out on biotechnological process described by a five-order continuous-time reaction scheme described by three stages. An extended Luenberger observer is proposed under synergetic control to observe the different concentrations because of the high-cost and unavailable measurement instrumentation. The interest of paper lies in controlling the amount of bio methane produced and the observation of all the states of the system (5 different populations of the complex community of bacteria and substrate concentrations acting during anaerobic digestion (AD) processes) by simply measuring the biogas produced. The monitoring, controller and observer performance are evaluated via numerical simulations showing excellent responses under the influence of control input.

Key words: Bio methane, anaerobic digestion, synergetic control, extended Luenberger observer, state estimation.
REVOLUTIONARY CONCEPT OF GARBAGE HANDLING IN KOTA KUPANG, INDONESIA
Authors: Riwukore Jefirstson , Habaora Fellyanus
Published: September 2019

: The potential for garbage production will continue to increase along with the population growth rate and behavior patterns of human life. If not handled properly, it will have an impact on changes in negative benefits due to pollution from garbage. Kota Kupang is an area that has not been well managed about its garbage management. Therefore, scientific reviews are needed so that maximum changes occur in handling garbage in Kota Kupang. For this reason, research has been carried out using descriptive methods, then were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using secondary data. This research was conducted for two months (November-December 2018), and preparation of reports is carried out by stages of research, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the research indicate that changes of fundamental garbage management must be carried out by considering the household behavior in handling garbage, sustainability of the perspective on garbage as a useful material that starts from world of education, changes in conventional methods of handling garbage in Cleaning and Living Environment Office of Kota Kupang, and a revolutionary perspective on garbage is needed, from useless materials to be useful materials for the economy.
Keywords: revolutionary concept, handling garbage, Kota Kupang
THE EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM OF CABARET PROJECT (WP7)
Authors: Ranguelov Boyko , Shadiya Fathimath , Nistharan Fathimath , Humra Mariyam , Eeman Mariyam , Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: September 2019

The CABARET (Capacity Building in Asia for Resilience EducaTion) Project is funded by the European Union under the Erasmus+ program, to foster regional cooperation for more effective multihazard early warnings and increased disaster resilience among coastal communities. The goal of the Project is to strengthen the evidence-base in support of the implementation of the new framework. The participants constructed of a consortium of 14 European and Asian higher education institutions from nine countries - four from Europe and five from Asia. The Project covers three years period and intend many meetings among participants for data and knowledge exchange. The MGU (Mining and Geology University, Sofia, Bulgaria) and MNU (Maldives National University, Male, Maldives) participations are active as co-chairs of the WP7 – “Learning and teaching tools methodologies and approaches to the MHEW (Multihazards Early Warning Systems)” and sustainable development of the resilience. The progress and achievements of the WP7 co-chaired by MGU and MNU are presented and the developments of MOOC’s (Major Online Open Courses) are under discussion. The new concept about the Educational Platform targeted to the wider audience is proposed. In conclusion several topics are underlined:
 The international bilateral cooperation between MGU and MNU is established in the frame of the co-chairmanship of the WP7 – CABARET Project.
 Project is displayed including educational platform development and MOOC’s skeleton and schedule.
 First results of MOOC’s are available. Educational platform includes curriculum of Philippines for De La Sale University (DLSU) and Ateneo De Manila University (ADMU).
 New concept for further development of the structure of the Educational Platform of the CABARET Projects is proposed. Intended international cooperation among participants of the Project is an essential topic for the coastal resilience educational platform development.
Keywords: Educational Platform, new concept, hazards, warnings.
DURANKULAK LAKE ACTUAL STATE AND MONITORING USING SENTINEL 2 SATELLITE DATA
Authors: Ivanova Iva , Gigova Iliyana , Spassova Temenuzhka , Stankova Nataliya
Published: September 2019

Durankulak Lake is one of the most important wetlands in Bulgaria and Europe. It is included in the Ramsar Convention and is recognized as an important bird area of world importance. The subject of protection within the protected zone is the condition of the natural habitats and the habitats of the species, including the natural species composition, the typical species and the conditions of the environment. Remote sensing methods provide opportunities for characterization and monitoring of the wetland on various scales that have not been done so far. In the present study satellite multispectral images from the European Union Copernicus Satellite Program, Sentinel 2 are used for assessment and monitoring of the actual state of the lake. Based on these satellite images, the boundaries of the protected wetland are derived. An index classification of the wetland was made. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used to classify sites within the protected area. Sentinel-2 satellite data to implement the orthogonal transformation model called Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) has also been used. The model is an effective method for classifying and analyzing of the processes related to the dynamics of changes, affecting the main components of the earth's surface: soil, water and vegetation. The spring survey of 2019 was selected for the present study. The results will show successful mapping and monitoring of the wetland, which will give a real idea of the state of the Durankulak Lake and the need to take conservation measures to protect it.
Key words: monitoring, satellite data, wetlands, habitats
POLLEN GIVING PLANTS VISITED BY THE HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA L.)
Authors: Radev Zheko
Published: September 2019

The analysis of the honey plants in the area of apiculture is very important about the development, reproduction and productivity of bee colonies. The knowledge of the floral specialization of Apis mellifera L. is main point for good beekeeping practices. The bees have visited 46 species of honey plants from 41 genera and 22 families. The honey bees prefer to collect pollen from 2 to 5-6 plant species during every single month. Bees mainly collect pollen from two or three plants every month. The agricultural species Brassica napus as well as the meadow flora – Сentaurea solstitialis and Centaurea cyanus are the most visited honey plants during their flowering. Bees prefer to collect pollen from 16 plants out of 46 visited taxons. Not all plants in the area serve as a source of pollen for the bees. The greatest amount of collected pollen comes from Brassica napus – 3798.69 g. The visited cultivated honey taxons are around 22 % but about 56.5 % of the total amount collected pollen. Around 78 % of the visited plants are common natural as well as about 43.5 % of the total amount collected pollen.
Key words: honey bee, honey plants, pollen, pollen traps, melissopalynologia, specialization
Early fasciotomies and plastic-surgical reconstruction may enhance preservation of functional extremity length in purpura fulminans
Authors: Koch Christoph , Taeger Christian , Geis Sebastian , Lonic Daniel , Heidekrueger Paul , Dolderer Juergen , Bitzinger Diane , Hirche Christoph , Prantl Lukas , Kehrer Andreas
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: Purpura fulminans (PF) is a distinct form of rare meningococcal septicaemia mostly in childhood which is characterized by high lethality, extensive necroses and mutilations of extremities. Other ethiologies are idiopathic forms or purpura neonatorum, which is marked by deficiency of Protein-C. PF is caused by micro-embolism of the vascular system, followed by quickly spreading necroses of skin and different organs. Modern concepts of intensive care treatment of the acute phase of this disease and early surgical intervention lead to a rising number of surviving patients requiring limb salvage. Aim of this study is to evaluate a possible lower morbidity and the grade of lower loss of function because of early surgical intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between the years 1998 and 2017 eight cases of PF at two large centers for critical wound care, the department of plastic-, hand- and reconstructive surgery of the university hospital of Regensburg and the department of plastic-, hand- and reconstructive surgery of the BG-clinic Ludwigshafen were included into our study. We retrospectively examined patients with PF who were stabilized by intensive care medicine and received surgical interventions. After survival of the acute phase (10 days), patients received plastic surgical reconstructions. RESULTS: A total number of eight patients could be included into our study. All patients survived the initial phase (10 days). All patients required plastic-surgical interventions to address extensive skin and soft tissue defects. Flap operations were judged necessary in five cases. Hereby four defects could be reconstructed by free tissue transfer, one with a local flap. Flap survival was 100 percent. One flap required revision of the arterial anastomosis of the flap arteria. Another flap got partial necrosis. One patient died due to multiorgan failure. Early debridements with consequent fasciotomies and secondary plastic-surgical reconstruction achieved good functional results. Limb salvage was accomplished in three patients. One patient died due to fulminant progress of the disease. CONCLUSION: Management of PF requires a multidisciplinary approach and close communication between the different subspecialties. Early debridements with consequent fasciotomies showed good results in salvaging subfascial muscle tissue in the extremities with satisfying functional results. Early surgical intervention is an important factor for improved limb salvage and survival.
Body composition and nutrition of female athletes
Authors: Pilis Karol , Stec Krzysztof , Pilis Anna , Mroczek Agata , Michalski Cezary , Pilis Wiesław
Published: September 2019

Background. The somatic features of the athletes’ bodies partially determine their sporting level and are conditioned to a large extent by the state of nutrition.
Objective. The aim of this paper is to present nutritional status and its correlation with the somatic determinants of training athletes and physical education students.
Material and methods. This study involved 12 weightlifting players (subgroup-WL), 15 soccer players (subgroup-SP), 12 table tennis players (subgroup-TT) and 12 female students of physical education (subgroup-C). In all subjects, the age and somatic variables were recorded and the daily intake of energy, water, proteins, fats and carbohydrates was determined by 24-h dietary recalls.
Results. Although the analysis of variance did not show significant differences in somatic variables and nutrition data, post hoc analysis showed significant differences between some subgroups in terms of age, BMI, fat content (BF), fat-free mass (FFM) and the amount of water, protein and carbohydrates consumed during the day. It was also shown that somatic variables correlated with relatively expressed amounts of energy, proteins and carbohydrates consumed in individual subgroups, as well as in the whole group formed from all subgroups of studied women. In addition, there were significant correlations between somatic variables and the total amount of water consumed in the whole group and the total amount of protein consumed in subgroup C (p<0.05), as well as the total amount of fat consumed in subgroup WL.
Conclusions. In summary, it was found that the examined women used an abnormal hypoenergetic diet with too low carbohydrate content in which were more useful relative than absolute amounts of consumed proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
In this unfavorable situation, dietary education of the respondents seems to be necessary.
Identifying industrial restructuring strategy for CO2 emissions reduction in China: A multi-region input-output linear programming model
Authors: Kang Jidong , Ng Tsan Sheng
Published: September 2019

The current paper combines multi-regional input-output model and linear programming model to identify industrial shift strategies for CO2 emissions reduction in China. As a supplement to the previous studies, the optimal sequence of demand regulation for various products is explored. The results show that demand side regulation would pose negative effect on both GDP and CO2 emissions. However, certain strategies can be adopted to decrease CO2 emissions at the minimum decrease in GDP. According to the optimal sequence analysis, a group of key final products, such as the metallurgy products, the nonmetal products, the metal products, and the chemical products should be firstly regulated. Most of these key products concentrate in the eastern and coastal regions in China. Our model can be used to aid policy makers in design of effective industrial restructuring policy to achieve the national emissions targets.
Evaluation of some approaches for increasing of biomass and lipid accumulation in tubers of Cyperus esculentus var esculentus
Authors: Hien Tran Thi Thanh , Tri Bui Minh , Viet Bui Trang
Published: September 2019

Yellow nut-sedge (Cyperus esculentus var esculentus) posseses tubers with upto 20 – 36 % of oil and fast growth cycle. New approaches for increasing of growth and oil accumulation in the tubers based on physiological characteristics of the plants are very indispensable. In this study, removing flower, water stress induction, gibberellin application and other ways during wet and dry season were used in order to increase biomass and lipid accumulation in Cyperus esculentus var esculentus tubers. The results indicated that water stress during wet season increased lipid accumulation. The best biomass and lipid accumulation obtained when removing the flowers combining with tilling the soil at 10th week after planting (increased 58 % compare with removing the flowers, 4.32 g/ tuber compare with 1.77 g/ tuber).
Down-regulation of hepatic PPARg and C/EBPa genes in Juvenile-stage zebrafish exposured chronically to bisphenol A
Authors: Nguyen Cong Thanh , Ngo Mai Thi , Le Nga Phi
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in synthesis of plastics. It is known as a potential chemical that causes hormonal changes in human and animals. Many previously studies showed that the activity of BPA was similar to estrogen and it could affect on embryonic and newborn stages. From a different approach, a research by these authors published in 2017 suggested that BPA could effect to the fast- growing stage of an animal based on proteomic profiles of Juvenile-stage zebrafish livers long term exposured to mg/L range of the chemical. This study was the extent of that research to further investigate which metabolic receptors in liver effected by BPA exposure. Among suggestedhepatic receptors, PPARg and C/EBPa genes may be targeted by BPA under such exposure condition.
Methods: In this study, zebrafish at 30th day of age were exposed to 0, 10 and 100 mg /L BPA, respectively, and continuously for 60 days under a standar condition for testing chronic toxicity of a chemical on fish. At the end of the testing, mRNA levels of PPARg and C/EBPa genes in zebrafish livers of BPA-exposed groups were compared to that of BPA-unexposed group using Real-Time PCR method with b -actin gene as the reference gene.
Results: BPA affected transcription level of both genes depending on the concentration of the chemical. Reduction of 67% and 70% on mRNA level for PPARg and C/EBPa, respectively, was only observed on 100 mg/L BPA-exposed group. No significant change on such regulation was found in 10 mg/L BPA-exposed group.
Conclusion: Thus, the effect of BPA exposure on liver functions of zebrafish at juvenile stage may associate with hepatic PPARg and C/EBPa receptors and it depends on the chemical concentration.
Alfonso Paso entre 1948 y 1956: los epígonos de Arte Nuevo y la "Trilogía de fantasmas"
Authors: Payá Beltrán José
Published: September 2019

Resumen: Tras la disolución del grupo de teatro independiente Arte Nuevo, algunos de sus miembros, entre los que se incluye Alfonso Paso, intentan crear grupos teatrales universitarios que continúen la dinámica de Arte Nuevo. Después de una serie de fracasos, Alfonso Paso escribe, entre 1952 y 1953, una trilogía con la que inicia su andadura dentro del teatro profesional y comercial. A través del análisis de estas tres comedias desvelamos algunos temas, como la actitud hacia la mujer, que se convertirán en piedras angulares de la dramaturgia de Alfonso Paso. Abstract: After the dissolution of the independent theatre group Arte Nuevo, some of its members, including Alfonso Paso, try to create university theatre groups to continue with the dynamics of Arte Nuevo. After a series of failures, between 1952 and 1953, Alfonso Paso writes a trilogy with which he begins his career in professional and commercial theatre. The analysis of these three comedies reveals some topics, such as the attitude towards women, which will become cornerstones in the work of Alfonso Paso.
环境监测质量控制研究
Authors: 李 玉香
Published: September 2019

随着人们生活水平的提升,人们对环保的要求也越来越高,而环境监测作为环保工作中非常重要的技术手段,做好环境监测的质量控制是很有必要的,本文主要从环境监测的目的与原则出发,分析了环境监测的程序和处理方法,并提出了几点控制环境监测质量的有效措施。
环境工程中的大气污染防治管理措施
Authors: 王 瑾瑜
Published: September 2019

本文首先对大气污染的特征、危害及产生原因进行了论述,随后着重探讨了环境工程中的大气污染防治管理措施,以期为相关从业人员提供借鉴。