bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facade Style Mixing using Artificial Intelligence for Urban Infill
Authors: KHAIRADEEN ALI AHMED , Lee One Jae
Published: April 2021

Artificial Intelligence and especially machine learning have noticed rapid advancement on image processing operations. However, its involvement in the architectural design is still in its initial stages compared to other disciplines. Therefore, this paper addresses the issues of developing an integrated bottom up digital design approach and details a research framework for the incorporation of Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for early stage design exploration and generation of intricate and complex alternative facade designs for urban infill. This paper proposes a novel building facade design by merging two neighboring building’s architecture style, size, scale, openings, as reference to create a new building design in the same neighborhood for urban infill. This newly produced building contains the outline, style and shape of the parent buildings. A 2D urban infill building design is generated as a picture where 1) neighboring buildings are imported as a reference using mobile phone and 2)iFACADE decode their spatial adjacency. It is depicted the iFACADE will be useful for designers in the early design stage to generate new façades depending on existing buildings in a short time that will save time and energy. Besides, building owners can use iFACADE to show their architects their preferred architecture facade by mixing two building styles and generating a new building. Therefore, it is depicted that iFACADE can become a communication platform in the early design stages between architects and owners. Initial results properly define a heuristic function for generating abstract design facade elements and sufficiently illustrate the desired functionality of our developed prototype.
Molecular Mechanisms on the Selectivity Enhancement of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid by Serine Oligomers Decoration on Graphene Oxide: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Sanglao Threravee , Oungkanitanon Pattanan , Asanithi Piyapong , Sutthibutpong Thana
Published: April 2021

The selectivity in the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) has been an open problem in the biosensing field. Many surface modification methods were carried out for glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), including the use of graphene oxide and amino acids as a selective layer. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the role of serine oligomers on the selectivity of the AA, DA, UA analytes. Our models consisted of a graphene oxide (GO) sheet under a solvent environment. Serine tetramers were added into the simulation box and were adsorbed on the GO surface. Then, the adsorption of each analyte on the mixed surface was monitored from MD trajectories. It was found that the adsorption of AA was preferred by serine oligomers due to the largest number of hydrogen-bond forming functional groups of AA, while UA was the least preferred due to its highest aromaticity. Finally, the role of hydrogen bonds on the electron transfer selectivity of biosensors was discussed with some previous studies.
SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF MODERN SOCIETY IN APPLYING ISLAMIC LAW IN ACEH: Tracing The Past Culture Society Aceh in The Manuscript
Authors: Hayani Aida
Published: April 2021

Penerapan hukum Islam di zaman modern ini tampaknya aneh di kalangan umat Islam. Ini adalah cara yang sangat umum untuk ditentang dan jika diimplementasikan ketakutan di antara sosial masyarakat. Selain itu, mereka masih belum terintegrasi ke dalam menerapkan hukum Islam, sebagian besar dari mereka masih belum mengambil Islam sebagai jalan hidup. Jadi, karena itu bukan tanggung jawab mereka untuk terus berjalan, hidup mereka, dan juga tidak mengambil kendali dan menerapkannya dengan sempurna dan benar-benar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Penelitian ini merupakan pembaruan pada pengetahuan dan pemahaman hukum publik yang menerapkan hukum Islam. Sangat perlu untuk mengeksplorasi masalah di zaman modern ini. Kebijakan lokal semakin berkurang dengan datangnya budaya modern. Sebagai sampel, orang Aceh adalah salah satu orang muda paling sukses di dunia. Ada banyak manuskrip tentang budaya Aceh di meseum dan dayah (Pesantren Tradisional Islam) Dijelaskan ruang Aceh, budaya yang berbatasan dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Berdasarkan pernyataan sebelumnya, Pemerintah Aceh diharapkan untuk menerapkan dengan sempurna di antara semua hukum Islam di Aceh.The implementation of Islamic law in this modern age seems to be strange among moslems. It is the caused by most of them are opposed and if it is implemented a scare among the social society perfectly. Besides, they are still not integrated to implement the Islamic law, most of them still have not taken Islam as the path of life yet. So, as if it is not their responsibility to keep it goes along Reviews their life, and Neither to take control and implement it perfectly and truelly in their daily life. This research is Aimed to upgrade the knowledge and understanding of public society that implementation of Islamic law. Perfectly is Necessary to Anticipate the problems in this modern age. The local policy is getting reduce by coming the modern culture. As a sample, Achehnese most of the teenagers who live in urban can not understand to communicate by using Achehnese language well and most of the attitude of Achehnese is getting dissappear from their ancestor inheritance. There are many manuscripts about Achehnese culture in meseum and dayah (Traditional Islamic boarding school) Described roomates Achehnese the culture of the which is bordered by Islamic values. Base on the previous statements, the goverment of Aceh is expected to apply the Islamic law in Aceh perfectly among all society.
FAITH IN GOD, INDEPENDENCE OF LAW AND INDEPENDENCE OF JUDGES: Study of Theistic Legal Realism in Legal settlement
Authors: Utami Nofi Sri , Suteki Suteki , Saraswati Retno , Budiono Arief
Published: April 2021

Kondisi hukum dan aparat hukum di semua tingkatan termasuk hakim, dipenjara dalam positivisme yang fatal. Pemahaman ini mereduksi hukum hanya sebagai hukum dan peraturan deterministik, mekanistik dan esoteris belaka. Hukum soliter adalah hukum soliter tanpa memasukkan transendensi, moralitas, atau kebiasaan. Hasil akhir dari paradigma ini hanya mampu menghadirkan kepastian hukum tetapi kurang keadilan. Akar semua krisis dan runtuhnya kepercayaan publik pada hukum berasal dari hukum yang hanya mendidik corong undang-undang. Hukum yang mengajarkan legislasi sebagai ideologi sakral, hukum itu hanya hukum atau regulasi. Lulusan hukum baru yang mengisi posisi ahli hukum memiliki keterampilan tetapi mereka kurang empati, mengabaikan keadilan publik dan korup. Diperlukan paradigma pilihan hukum baru, yaitu realisme hukum teistik yang memberikan kebebasan kepada para hakim dan aparat hukum lainnya dari belenggu keadilan prosedural dalam gaya positivisme. Melalui hukum dengan paradigma Realisme Hukum Teistik, diharapkan aparatur hukum akan memiliki kebajikan, untuk dapat membaca substansi keadilan dengan keimanannya kepada Allah daripada sekadar menjadi corong hukum dan mampu menjaga dari perilaku tercela atas dasar imannya.The condition that law and legal apparatus in all levels including judges, are imprisoned in fatal positivism. This understanding reduces the law only as mere deterministic, mechanistic and esoteric laws and regulations. Solitary law is solitary law without include the transcendence, morality, or custom. The final result of this paradigm is only able to present legal certainty but lack of justice. The roots of all crises and the collapse of public trust in the law are originated from a law that educates only the mouthpiece of the legislation. The law that teaches the legislation as a sacred ideology, the law is just law or regulation. Fresh graduate of law who fill positions of legal apparatus experts have skills but they are lack of empathy, neglect of public justice and corrupt. A new legal choice paradigm is needed, namely theistic legal realism which gives judges and other legal apparatuses the freedom from the shackles of procedural justice in the style of positivism. Through the law with the Theistic Legal Realism paradigm, it is expected that the legal apparatus will have virtue, to be able to read the substance of justice with his faith in Allah rather than merely being a mouthpiece of the law and be able to guard against despicable behavior on the basis of his faith.
Contribution of Mohammad Nawawī bin ‘Umar in Family Conflict Management
Authors: Ainiyah Qurrotul
Published: April 2021

Ulama Muslim di Indonesia memiliki begitu banyak karya tentang aspek sosial termasuk konsep keluarga. Salah satu ulama muslim Indonesia yang sangat aktif untuk mencemarkan gagasan dalam bentuk tertulis adalah Syeikh Nawawi bin Umar. Makalah ini akan difokuskan pada buku ‘Uqud Al-Lijjain. Ini adalah salah satu karya Syekh Nawawi yang menggambarkan tentang manajemen keluarga yang mengatur bagaimana menjaga harmonisasi keluarga. Buku ini cenderung superioritas manusia. Itu karena buku ini telah ditulis lebih dari seratus tahun yang lalu, tempat Syeikh Nawawi hidup di lingkungan patriarki. Kemudian, hasil dari makalah ini adalah; pertama, latar belakang pendidikan dan kehidupan sosial Syeikh Nawawi yang pada dasarnya di pondok pesantren. Kedua, ‘Uqūd Al-Lijjain adalah sebuah buku yang menyediakan manajemen keluarga termasuk hukum dan etika hubungan antara suami dan istri menurut madzhab Imam Syafii. Ketiga, ‘Uqūd Al-Lijjain menjawab konflik manajemen dalam sebuah keluarga, yaitu antara suami dan istri harus memahami hak dan kepatuhan masing-masing.Moeslim ulamas of Indonesia have so many works which talk about any social aspect including the concept of family. One of moeslim ulamas of Indonesia who was very active to contibute the idea in the written form was Syeikh Nawawī bin Umar. This paper will be focused on ‘Uqūd Al-Lijjain book. It is one of Sheikh Nawawi's work which describes about family management that regulate how to keep the harmonization of family. This book tends to the superiority of man. It is because this book has been written in more than one hundred years ago, where Syeikh Nawawi lived in patriarchy environment. Then, the results of this paper are；first, the education background and social life of Syeikh Nawawi which basically in islamic boarding school. Second, ‘Uqūd Al-Lijjain is a book which provides family management including the laws and relation ethics between husband and wife according to Imam Syafii madzhab. Third, ‘Uqūd Al-Lijjain answers the management conflict in a family, that is between a husband and wife should understand the right and obigation of each.
The Element of "Injustice" in The Process of Executing The Auction of Collateral Items From The Murabaha Financing Contract at Shariah Commercial Bank
Authors: Solihah Cucu , Rivandi Widjajaatmadja Dhody Ananta , Husaeni Uus Ahmad
Published: April 2021

The provision of Islamic banks' facilities to their customers is practically still applied as collateral, as a form of trust that binds both parties until a contract ends. However, if the customer fails to pay, the opportunity to carry out the collateral may be carried out by the bank as a solution; the last is the customers' obligation that cannot be fulfilled. The bank, as an economic institution, basically does not want to suffer losses. This study aims to analyze the element of ignorance at the auction of Murabaha contract items. The research method uses a normative juridical approach with analytical descriptive data analysis. The findings of this study are that the practice of the execution of collateral still contains the element of death, this can be seen from collateral items that will be auctioned from the beginning of the contract, the value is higher than the facility received by the customer, and sometimes does not involve the customer to determine prices selling collateral, it is not uncommon for the owner of the collateral not to be informed of the execution of the guarantee so that the bank sells collateral at a price not following the wishes of the customer.Pemberian fasilitas yang diberikan bank syariah kepada nasabahnya secara praktik masih diterapkan barang jaminan, sebagai bentuk kepercayaan yang mengikat kedua belah pihak sampai suatu akad berakhir, namun dalam hal nasabah gagal bayar peluang untuk melaksanakan eksekusi atas barang jaminan mungkin saja dilakukan oleh pihak bank, sebagai solusi terakhir atas kewajiban nasabah yang tidak dapat ditunaikan dan pihak bank sebagai lembaga ekonomi pada dasarnya tidak mau mengalami kerugian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis unsur kezaliman pada lelang barang jaminan akad murabahah. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan analisis data deskriptif analitis. Temuan penelitian ini yaitu praktik proses eksekusi atas barang jaminan masih mengandung unsur kedholiman, hal ini terlihat dari barang jaminan yang akan di lelang sejak awal akad, nilainya lebih tinggi dari fasilitas yang diterima nasabah, dan dalam proses lelang terkadang tidak melibatkan pihak nasabah untuk menentukan harga jual atas barang jaminan, bahkan tidak jarang pihak pemilik barang jaminan tidak diberi tahu pelaksanaan proses eksekusi jaminan itu, sehingga pihak bank menjual barang jaminan dengan harga yang tidak sesuai dengan keinginan pihak nasabah.
Actualizations of Maqāşid Al-shariah In Modern Life; Maqāşid Al-shariah Theory As a Method of The Development of Islamic Laws and Shariah Economics
Authors: Kasdi Abdurrohman
Published: April 2021

This article aims to examine the thoughts of Imam al-Syatibi on maqāşid al-sharīah and its actualizations in modern life. The method used is qualitative, while the data analysis technique used is content analysis to analyze the substance of maqāşid al-sharīah. It is then correlated with the context of current human life. The results of the study show that the theory of maqāşid al-sharīah initiated by Imam al-Syatibi has presented sharīah in its elastic face. Maqāşid al-sharīah has transformed Islamic theory into universal human values, such as benefit, justice, and equality in Muslims' lives in the world. This can be seen at least in two ways: first, maqāşid al-sharīah as a developing Islamic law method. The development of the theory of maqāşid al-sharīah has inspired the philosophy of Islamic laws. It becomes the basis of thinking and analysis, which is fundamental to Islamic legal thinking in this globalization era and dynamic social changes. Second, maqāşid al-sharīah in building sharīa economics; maqāşid al-sharīah's theory occupies a very central and vital position in formulating a sharīah economic development methodology. In the context of sharīah economics, the purpose of maqāşid al-sharīah is to safeguard human benefits. A Muslim is encouraged to produce and consume goods/services, of course, within valuable considerations.Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji pemikiran Imam al-Syatibi tentang maqāşid al-sharīah dan aktualisasinya dalam kehidupan modern. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan adalah content analysis yakni sebagai sebuah upaya menganalisis substansi pemikiran maqāşid al-sharīah, kemudian dikorelasikan dengan konteks kehidupan masyarakat sekarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teori maqāşid al-sharīah yang digagas oleh Imam al-Syatibi telah menghadirkan shariah dalam wajahnya yang elastis. Maqāşid al-sharīah telah mentransformasikan teori-teori shariah ke dalam nilai-nilai kemanusiaan universal, seperti kemaslahatan, keadilan dan kesetaraan dalam kehidupan umat Islam. Hal ini setidaknya bisa dilihat dalam dua hal: pertama, maqāşid al-sharīah sebagai metode pengembangan hukum Islam. Pengembangan teori-teori maqashid al-shariah mengilhami filsafat hukum Islam dan menjadi pangkal berpikir serta analisis yang pokok untuk pengembangan pemikiran hukum Islam pada era globalisasi dan perubahan sosial sekarang ini. Kedua, maqāşid al-sharīah dalam membangun ekonomi shariah. Teori maqāşid al-sharīah menempati posisi yang sangat sentral dan vital dalam merumuskan metodologi pengembangan ekonomi shariah. Dalam konteks ekonomi shariah, tujuan maqāşid al-sharīah adalah menjaga kemaslahatan manusia. Seorang muslim didorong untuk memproduksi dan mengkonsumsi barang/jasa tentu dengan pertimbangan kemaslahatan.
YinQiSanHuang Jiedu decoction for the treatment of hepatitis B-related compensated liver cirrhosis: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Wu Qing-Juan , Lv Wen-Liang , Li Juan-Mei , Zhang Ting-Ting , Zhou Wen-Hui , Zhang Qiang , Wang Jiu-Chong , Wang Qing-Nan , Yao Zi-Ang , Qiang Rui , Chen Si-Tong , Zhao Xin , Liu Shuang , Cao Zheng-Min , Xu Lei , Li Gao-Hui , Chen Jing , Wang Li
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Hepatitis B-related compensated liver cirrhosis is related to higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, anti-viral therapy is the preferred method. As the pathological mechanisms of liver fibrosis are complex, drugs developed for a single target are difficult to be effective in clinical practice, so there are no chemical drugs or biological drugs with clear efficacy available for clinical application at present. Traditional Chinese medicine is a kind of medical science that has been gradually formed during thousands of years and continuously enriched by the people of all ethnic groups in China. Traditional chinese medicine shows curative effects in the treatment of liver diseases, especially in the field of liver fibrosis prevention and treatment. This study aim to test the integrative medicine (chinese medicine plus anti-riral therapy) effective on lowing hepatocellular carcinoma risk among patients with hepatitis B-related compensated liver cirrhosis.Methods and Analysis: This is a multicentre randomised controlled trial, total 5 hospitals and 802 patients will involved in. All the subjects are randomly allocated to the YinQiSanHuang Jiedu decoction(YQSHD) group (n=401) or the placebo group (n=401). The YQSHD group receives YQSHD granule with Entecavir(ETV), the placebo group receives YQSHD placebo with ETV. Treatment period will last for 52 weeks, and follow-up period for 52±2 weeks. The primary outcome measure is the annual incidence of HCC. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after treatment. Objective of this trial is “the integrative of YQSHD with ETV reduce the annual incidence of HCC to 1%”.Ethics and dissemination:The protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guang’anmen Hospital, China (No.2019-006-KY), and the other centres in the trial will not begin recruiting until local ethical approval has been obtained.Trial final results will be disseminated via publication. Trial registration: ChiCTR1900021532, this protocol was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx) on February 26th, 2019.
Celecoxib added to mood stabilizer for treating acute mania in bipolar disorder: A randomized, double -blind, placebo-controlled trial in IRAN
Authors: Faridhosseini Farhad , Talaei Ali , Shahini Najmeh , Eslamzadeh Mahbobeh , Ahrari Samira , Poorgholami Meysam , Kamkar Mohammadzaman , Rezaeian Majid Khadem
Published: April 2021

Background: Inflammatory processes in the brain contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of acute mania. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, such as Celecoxib, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the efficacy of Celecoxib in the treatment of acute mania.Methods: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at the Specialty in-patient Clinic of Ibn-e-Sina Hospital [Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran] from March 2017 to August 2017. The study involved 58 patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) criteria for acute mania screening to participate in the trial were used for the study. Twenty-three patients were assigned to a study group and were given Valproate Sodium 200 mg /BD plus Celecoxib 400 mg/day (200 mg BID). The control group included 22 patients who were given Valproate Sodium 200 mg /BD plus placebo. Patients were assessed by Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at baseline 0, after 9, 18, and 28 days after the medication started. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.5., two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, Fisher’s exact test, and T-Test. P≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: A total of 58 patients were screened and 45 were randomized. Most of participations in celecoxib group were male (55%) and in placebo group were female (75%). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding number of episode. sex, marital status, past medical history, past psychiatry history and family history P value ≥0.05. A significant difference was observed in the change of scores on Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at week 4 as compared to the baseline in patient groups P: 0.04.Conclusion: This study suggested that Celecoxib can be an effective adjuvant agent in managing patients with acute mania and anti-inflammatory therapies should further be investigated in these patients.Trial registration: Iran clinical trial register: IRCT20200306046708N1
Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 19 Patients with Endophthalmitis Caused by Liver Abscess
Authors: liu guangsen , Li Yue , Wang Wei , Gao Lei
Published: April 2021

Objective: To analyze the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of endophthalmitis caused by a liver abscess.Methods: All cases of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by a liver abscess in our hospital in the past 7 years were analyzed retrospectively. The data collected included age, sex, history of diabetes, initial and final vision, pathogen, course of the disease, treatment, and prognosis.Results: 21 eyes of 19 patients were complicated with liver abscess. The average age was 55.9 ±9.8 years old, including 10 males (52.6%) and 9 females (44.4%), 13 patients complicated with diabetes (71.4%), 14 patients (66.7%) first went to the ophthalmology department for diagnosis and treatment and 5 with hepatobiliary surgery (33.3%). 14 patients had a fever before onset, with an average fever time of 5.8 days. Before treatment, the duration of ocular symptoms was 7.71 ±6.68 days, 5.71 ±1.25 days for patients who go to ophthalmology for diagnosis and treatment for the first time, and 12.2 ±3.58 days for patients who go to other departments. After treatment, the average visual acuity of 21 eyes was 0.013, and the average best-corrected visual acuity was 0.79. In the 21 eyes, vitreous fluid culture was positive in 7 eyes (33.3%), all of which were Klebsiella pneumonia. Among the 14 patients with fever during hospitalization, 5 cases were positive for blood microbial culture, all of which were Klebsiella pneumonia. After vitrectomy, the average visual acuity was improved by 4.90 ±2.47 letters and that of patients without vitrectomy was-0.25±0.16letters. The visual acuity of patients who underwent postoperative visual was significantly better than that of patients without postoperative visual (P＜0.096). The visual acuity of patients without vitrectomy was significantly higher than that of patients without vitrectomy (P ＜0.01). 3 eyes (33.3%) of 9 eyes in the IVI group were removed because of uncontrolled inflammation, and 1 eye of 12 eyes in the PPV group was removed because of inflammation recurrence.Conclusion: The prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess is generally poor, but early treatment can save part of the vision. The first visit non-ophthalmology department will delay the early diagnosis of the disease. Diabetes is an important risk factor for endogenous endophthalmitis and poor vision in patients with liver abscess. Klebsiella pneumonia is the main pathogen of intraocular infection. Vitrectomy combined with vitreous injection of antibiotics can improve the prognosis. A systematic and thorough treatment of a liver abscess is of great significance to prevent the recurrence of endophthalmitis in a liver abscess.
Do Rail Transits Improve Local Air Quality? Take Chengdu-Nanchang for Example
Authors: Wang Xueyuan , Wang Yuping , Zhang Zhijian , Li Jingwei
Published: April 2021

Many cities in China have invested the city’s rail transit system to reduce urban air pollution and traffic congestion. Earlier studies rarely compare the effects of rail transit on urban air quality in different cities, providing little guidance to urban planners in solving traffic congestion and air quality. By using the rail transit lines in Chengdu and Nanchang as case studies, this paper attempts to examine the effect of rail transit on air pollution. Data were collected from 18 monitoring stations distributed along the chosen rail transit lines in both cities during the period 2014 to 2016 and analyzed using the regression discontinuity design to address the potential endogenous location of subway stations. The results show that subway opening in Nanchang has a better reductions from automobile exhaust than that in Chengdu, specifically, carbon monoxide pollution, one key tailpipe pollutant, experienced a 10.23% greater reduction after Nanchang Metro Line 1 opened. On the contrary, the point estimate for carbon monoxide in Chengdu is 22.42% and statistically significant at the 1% level. Nanchang Metro Line 1 does play an important role in road traffic externalities, but the benefit was not huge enough to change the overall air quality. On the contrary, the opening of the Chengdu Metro Line 4 is unlikely to yield improvements in air quality.
Microstructure Evolution Mechanism of Single and Multi-pass in Laser Cladding Based on Heat Accumulation Effect for Invar Alloy
Authors: Zhu Shichao , Yu Chenxiao , chang Zhen , Zhan Xiaohong , Zeng Chao
Published: April 2021

This work explores how the process parameters in laser cladding affect the evolution of the microstructure of the single pass and multi-pass cladding layers of Invar alloys. The research examined the cladding layers from three aspects: (1) the transformation of grain size, HAZ width, ratio of the columnar crystal to the equiaxed crystal, and change of Fe content of cladding layer; (2) the effects of heat accumulation on grain size, HAZ width and remelting zone; and (3) the hardness distribution of single pass and multi-pass cladding layers. The investigation has the following four findings: (1) the cladding layer is composed of equiaxed crystals at the top and columnar crystals at the bottom of cladding layer; (2) the processing parameters have significant effects on the width of the HAZ, proportion between the columnar and equiaxed crystals and the change of Fe content of cladding layer. (3) the gradual accumulation of heat causes the increase in HAZ width, the grain size, and the area of the remelting zone; and (4) the hardness progressively reduces from the top to bottom along the direction of the centerline of the cladding layer.
Evaluation Of Filter Cake Oil As Antifoam In Yeast Production. New Use For This By-Product Of The Sugarcane Derivatives Industry
Authors: Bermúdez Indira Pérez , Llerena Arletis Cruz , Cabañas Keyla Tortoló , Ríos Manuel Díaz de los , Peña Miguel Ángel , Vela José
Published: April 2021

Purpuse: Fodder yeast is obtained in an aerobic fermentation process where foaming is a major problem to be solved. In this article, the antifoam property of crude and purified filter cake oil is evaluated in order to use this residual as an alternative to replace the import of commercial antifoam agents and to reduce the production costs of fodder yeastMethod: Knock down test and the comparisons with two commercial antifoam agents were done. Blackstrap molasses medium at 20 and 40 g/L of total reducing sugar was used. All products were studied in their pure form and commercial ones also in dilutions 1:2 and 1:5 v/v. Hansen's solubility parameters (HSPs) to analyze the affinity of each defoamer for yeast were determined.Results: It was obtained the crude and purified filter cake oil showed similar behavior to commercial defoamers with an immediate antifoam effect, removing between 40 and 60% of the initial foam at both sugar concentrations in the first 5 minutes. The regression model showed purified filter cake oil has the greatest knockdown effect (Ca = 55.85 and 74.32) and with greater foam suppression stability the commercial defoamer Quimifoam Máster (Cb = -0.69 and -1.38). Ra values obtained in HSPs test, indicated the affinity of defoamers to the medium. Conclusion: Purified filter cake oil is an effective product for its use as an antifoam with the best knock down effect for both concentrations of sugars in the medium. The determination of HSPs corroborates the effectiveness of this product to suppress foam.
Restricting Tumor Lactate Metabolism using Dichloroacetate Improves T Cell Functions
Authors: Rostamian Hosein , Khakpoor-Kooshe Mohammad , Jafarzadeh Leila , Masoumi Elham , Fallah-Mehrjardi Keyvan , Tavassolifar Mohammad Javad , Pawelek John M. , Mirzaei Hamid Reza , Hadjati Jamshid
Published: April 2021

Background:Lactic acid produced by tumors has been shown to overcome immune surveillance, by suppressing activation and function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The strategies employed to impair tumor cell glycolysis could improve immunosurveillance and tumor growth regulation. Dichloroacetate (DCA) limits the tumor-derived lactic acid by altering the cancer cell metabolism.In this study, the effects of lactic acid on the activation and function of T cells, were analyzed by assessing T cell proliferation, cytokine production and the cellular redox state of T cells. We examined the redox system in T cells by analyzing the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and glutathione and gene expression of some proteins that have role in the redox system. Then we co-cultured DCA-treated tumor cells with T cells to examine the effect of reduced tumor-derived lactic acid on proliferative response, cytokine secretion and viability of T cells. Result:We found that lactate could dampen T cell function through suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine production as well as restrain the redox system of T cells by decreasing the production of oxidant and antioxidant molecules. DCA decreased the concentration of tumor lactate by manipulatingglucose metabolism in tumor cells. This led to increases in T cell proliferation and cytokine production and also rescued the T cells from apoptosis. Conclusion:Taken together, our results suggest accumulation of lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment restricts T cell responses and could prevent the success of T cell therapy. DCA supports anti-tumor responses of T cells by metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells.
Effects of Self-Concept on Narcissism: Mediational Role of Perceived Parenting
Authors: Farzand Maryam , Çerkez Yağmur , Baysen Engin
Published: April 2021

Background: Increase in narcissism has been a growing concern over the years. Narcissists bring lot of negative consequences to themselves and to people around them. The present study aimed at exploring effects of perceived parenting and self-concept in the development of narcissistic traits and how adults view themselves and recollect parenting effects throughout their lives in order to guide the interventions accordingly. Method: A sample of 628 adults were taken from North Cyprus and Turkey who can comprehend and write English language. Information demographic form, Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) for perceived parenting, Six Factor Self Concept Scale (SFSCS) for self-concept and Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) for narcissism were administered for the purpose of data collection. Results: Several constituents of perceived parenting and self-concept interconnect in order to exhibit the distinctive narcissistic traits of an individual. The results of the present showed that perceived parenting specifically perceived parental involvement as well as positive parenting mediate the relationship between self-concept and narcissism among adults. The higher the involvement, the more inflated self-concept was found leading to the development of narcissistic traits. Perceived parenting received from fathers also was found to statistically significant contribution to the development of inflated self-concept and narcissism. Conclusion: It provides the basis for the therapeutic interventions to be focusing on the self-concept of narcissistic individuals along with parenting experiences. The study findings also have challenged the notion of only mothers to be responsible for narcissistic traits among their children.
The effect of intravenous ketamine and pethidine on postoperative shivering in surgical patients under general anesthesia in Tikur anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Gebeyehu Geresu , Girma Betelihem
Published: April 2021

Background: Postanesthesia shivering is one of the potential complications of anesthesia which may increase patient morbidity. Various methods have been employed to control postoperative shivering. This study assessed the effectiveness of prophylactic low-dose intravenous ketamine and pethidine for postoperative shivering after general anesthesia.Methods and materials: This prospective cohort study recruited 76 ASA I and II patients aged 18-65 years old and underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were grouped based on either ketamine 0.5mg/kg or pethidine 0.5 mg/kg having been administered by the anaesthetist in charge as a prophylaxis for postoperative shivering 20 minutes before completion of the surgery. The incidence and severity of postoperative shivering were compared between the two groups every 10 minutes until one hour postoperatively. The side effects of the study drugs were also compared between the two groups in the recovery room. Categorical data were analyzed with the Chi-Square test. Parametric and nonparametric data between the groups were analyzed using independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The incidence of shivering between the ketamine and pethidine groups was 11(28.2%) and 14(35.9%), respectively (p=0.467). The severity of shivering was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.893). The occurrence of nausea and vomiting and sedation attributed to the drugs was significantly less in the ketamine group (p<0.05). PACU stay duration and occurrence of hallucinations among the groups were comparable. (p>0.05)Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed administering low-dose IV ketamine (0.5mg/kg) 20 minutes before completion of surgery reduced postoperative shivering as nearly equally as pethidine. The study also showed clinically better outcomes in favor of ketamine since it was associated with fewer side effects. Thus, we recommend low-dose IV ketamine 20 minutes before completion of surgery under general anesthesia to prevent postoperative shivering.
Effects Of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 Nanoparticle-Diesel Fuel Blends on the Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Nouri Mohammad , Isfahani Amir Homayoon Meghdadi , Shirneshan Alireza
Published: April 2021

This research investigates the effects of the addition of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles (30, 60, and 90 ppm) and Fe2O3-Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles to pure diesel fuel on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. The results indicated that fuel blends improved the combustion (in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate), performance (power, fuel consumption, and thermal and exergy efficiency), and emission characteristics of the engine. The results showed that the peak combustion pressure increased by 4% and the heat release rate was improved by 15% in comparison with pure diesel with the addition of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the rate of pressure rise increased by 18% compared to pure diesel with nanoparticle additives. Based on the results, the effects of Fe2O3 fuel blends on brake power, BTE, and CO emission were more than Al2O3 fuel blends, such that it increased power and thermal efficiency by 7.40 and 14%, respectively, and reduced CO emissions by 21.2%; moreover, the blends with Al2O3 nanoparticle additives in comparison with Fe2O3 nanoparticle blends showed a better performance in reducing BSFC (9%), NOx (23.9%), and SO2 (23.4%) emissions. Overall, the Fe2O3-Al2O3 hybrid fuel blend is the best alternative if the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are both considered.
Piperine Improves Obesity By Repairing Intestinal Barrier Function And Inhibiting Fatty Acid Absorption
Authors: Wang Wenli , Zhang Yanhua , Wang Xiong , Che Huilian , Zhang Yali
Published: April 2021

BackgroundCurrently, the weight loss effects of piperine have gained considerable attention; however, the underlying mechanism needs to be comprehensively elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the weight loss effects of piperine and intestinal function. Methods Eight-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were provided standard diet or HFD diet for 16 weeks. After, rats from the HFD group were divided into four group, including HFD, HFD with daily gavage with 2.7mg/kg body weight of piperine (PIP-L), 13.5mg/kg body weight of piperine (PIP-M), 27mg/kg body weight of piperine (PIP-H) for another 8 weeks. The fecal fat content, serum TG, FAA levels, jejunum structure and gene expression levels related to fatty acid absorption and barrier function in intestinal were detected. Then the Caco-2 cell was cultured to explore the effects of piperine on cell proliferation, differentiation, barrier function and fatty acid absorption.ResultsIn our study, piperine repaired the tight junction damage induced by obesity by downregulating jejunal tumor necrosis factor-α and reducing lipopolysaccharide-induced damage on intestinal cell proliferation, thus enhancing intestinal barrier function, which is beneficial in reducing chronic inflammation associated with obesity. In addition, piperine inhibited intestinal fatty acid absorption in both cellular and animal models. The underlying mechanism may be related to the downregulation of fatty acid absorption-related genes, fatty acid-binding protein 2 and cluster of differentiation 36, but not fatty acid transport protein 4.Conclusion The anti-obesity effect of piperine is related to the enhancement of intestinal barrier function and inhibition of intestinal fatty acid absorption.
Impact Of COVID-19 Lockdown On Vitreo Retina Interventions In A Tertiary Eye Care Hospital In South India- An Observational Study
Authors: Rajendran Anand , Baskaran Prabu , Jain Bhavik , Iswarya Mani
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To study the impact of nationwide lockdown imposed in view of the pandemic caused by corona virus disease (COVID) on Vitreo retina interventions (VRI) in a tertiary Vitreo retina (VR) centre in south India.Methods:Retrospective data of patients who underwent VRI during the time period spanning from a month before (pre-lockdown group) and a month after (post lockdown group) the lockdown period (lockdown group) was analysed. The VRI were sub grouped into medical (lasers and injections) and surgical. Also interventions were categorized as urgent, semi-urgent and less urgent based on national guidelines. Results:A total of 1210 patients underwent VRI during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown periods. The proportion of urgent VRI increased significantly to 26.61 % during lockdown as compared to 9.81 % and 13.15 % during pre and post-lockdown period respectively (p value <0.001, chi square test). The proportion of semi-urgent and less urgent VRI decreased significantly during the lockdown period. The median presenting best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly lesser during the lockdown period. The proportion of retina interventions increased significantly (more than 3 fold) during the lockdown period as compared with cumulative non retina subspecialty interventions. Conclusion:The proportion of urgent VRI during lockdown increased with statistical significance. Our study highlights the value of VR speciality service and its critical place in any ophthalmic set up to address the various vision threatening disorders needing urgent intervention, a significant proportion of which stem from retinal pathologies.
Paternal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke alters Behavior and Gene and miRNA Expression in Offspring
Authors: ESAKKY PRABAGARAN , Drury Andrea M , Felder Paul , Medvedeva Alexandra , Moley Kelle H
Published: April 2021

Cigarette smoking causes neurobehavioral disorders such as anxiety, addiction, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Smokers have higher rate (53%) of major depressive disorder than non-smokers (6%). Smokers absorb nearly 10% of nicotine from each cigarette (~10 –15 mg) and tar or CSC (cigarette smoke condensate; 5.3 mg of nicotine / ml). Exposure to nicotine in utero causes tremors and startle responses in newborns, and ADHD by age 6. However, studies that demonstrate paternal-mediated neurobehavioral changes in offspring are limited. We set out to determine whether paternal smoking alters neurobehavioral outcomes in offspring and underlying molecular mechanisms. Our male mouse model demonstrates that the CSC exposure in adult mice leads to altered emotionality, hyperactive and anxiety-like nature, reduced sensorimotor gating, and increased anxious depression in their F1 adolescents. This was preceded by dysregulation of neuronal receptors at protein and mRNA levels and their targeting miRNAs in fetal (e18.5) brain. These intergenerational molecular changes in F1 offspring seem to be mediated through CSC-altered miRNAs in F0 caudal sperm. In addition, the sub-chronic CSC treatment elevates miRNA levels in sire serum without hindering the postnatal growth of progeny. Thus, the paternal exposure to CSC causes behavioral and molecular changes in offspring possibly by altering the F0 sperm-borne miRNAs.
A reliability study of Non-uniform Si TFET with dual material source: Impact of interface trap charges and temperature
Authors: Talukdar Jagritee , Mummaneni Kavicharan
Published: April 2021

The article reports the extraction of DC characteristics and small signal parameters of Non-uniform Si TFET with dual material source (NUTFET-DMS) at different frequencies followed by its reliability investigation. The reliability of the device is examined by analysing: 1) the impact of the presence of interface trap charges, 2) the impact of temperature variation (200 K- 400 K). In the analysis it has been observed that in case of absence of interface trap charges the increase in frequency reduces the value of parasitic capacitances. In addition, the presence of interface trap charges lessens the value of parasitic capacitances up to a certain gate to source voltage after that it shows a reverse effect. Further, it has been perceived that the effect of change in temperature is more on device ambipolar current when interface trap charges are present, whereas the reverse is true in the case of OFF state current and different parasitic capacitances.
Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Key Genes In Regulation Of The Tepal Trichome Development In Lilium Pumilum D.C.
Authors: Xin Yin , Pan Wenqiang , Chen Xi , Liu Yixin , Zhang Mingfang , Chen Xuqing , Yang Fengping , Li Jingru , Wu Jian , Du Yunpeng , Zhang Xiuhai
Published: April 2021

Trichome is a specialized structure found on the surface of the plant with important function in survival against abiotic and biotic stress. It is also an important economic trait in crop breeding. Extensive research has investigated the foliar trichome in model plants (Arabidopsis and tomato). However, the developmental mechanism of tepal trichome remains elusive. Lilium pumilum is an edible ornamental bulb and a good breeding parent possessing cold and salt-alkali resistance. Here, we found a natural mutant of Lilium pumilum grown on a highland whose tepals are covered by trichomes. Our data indicate that trichomes of this mutant are multicellular and branchless. Notably, stomata are also developed on the tepal of the mutant as well, suggesting there may be a correlated between trichome and stomata regulation. Furthermore, we isolated 27 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the transcriptome profiling between the natural mutant and the wild type. These twenty-seven genes belong to four groups: epidermal cell cycle and division, trichome morphogenesis, stress response, and transcription factors. Quantitative real-time PCR in Lilium pumilum (natural mutant and the wild type) and other lily species (Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii/ trichome; Lilium davidii var. willmottiael, trichomeless) confirmed the validation of RNA-seq data and identified several trichome-related genes.
The Analysis of Ansatzes for Optical Fibers Models
Authors: PINAR Zehra
Published: April 2021

Optical fibers have a major role in the industry and daily life. To simulate the pulse propagation in optical fibers, numerous models are seen in the literature. In this work, the Kundu-Mikherjee-Naskar model and the Schrödinger equation with anti-cubic nonlinearity are considered. To solve these models, ansatz-based methods are considered and also, the problem about the determination of ansatz is replied so that it is not clear in the literature. The results of the proposed models will play a key role due to the applications in nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics, quantum mechanics and various other branches of science.
­­Medicinal Plant Use and Trade Among the Samburu People in Maralal Town, Kenya
Authors: Muithui Lucy Wamuyu
Published: April 2021

Background: The Samburu people have for the longest time used traditional knowledge on medicinal plants to treat diseases both in human and livestock due to the attributed belief of how effective they are. I set out to understand medicinal plant use and trade among the Samburu community in Maralal town. The objectives of this study were to; (1) identify and document the medicinal plants traded, (2) record the medicinal uses of identified plants, (3) document the parts of the plant used and methods of preparation. Method: I conducted market surveys and held in-depth discussions with the traders on what plant parts were used and sold and where they collected and sourced their plants. I also joined ﻿collectors in the wild and collected samples for further identification. Results: From the market surveys, a total of 24 plants species from 16 families were traded. Most of the plants were collected from Kirisia Forests Reserve and the arid shrublands within Samburu County. It was noted that Myrsine africana L., Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb., Rhamnus staddo A.Rich., Salvadora persica L. and Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam were the most popular species with buyers. Most of the plants were used to treat multiple ailments. Stomach related problems and respiratory disorders were some of the commonly treated ailments. ﻿Conclusion: It is evident that use and trade of medicinal plant is an important economic activity in Maralal, however; overharvesting plants from the wild has contributed to some species like Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud (East African sandalwood) and M. africana becoming rare and scarce hence the need to establish conservation measures and sustainable exploitation.