bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sociedade e poder público: os desafios na localização de pessoas desaparecidas
Authors: Rocha Francisco Roque da , Carvalhais Jane Noronha
Published: December 2022

A ausência de uma pessoa pode ser multicausal, isto significa que o desaparecimento pode ser, em regra, voluntário, involuntário ou forçado. Esse fenômeno não possui tipificação no Código Penal, portanto, é considerado um fato atípico. Além disso, há poucos estudos sobre o tema e a falta de tipificação na legislação brasileira atrapalha a criação e a aplicação de políticas públicas específicas. Em resposta à falta de ações concretas do Estado, a sociedade civil se organizou, e tem se organizado, em associações e ongs visando o acompanhamento das leis e investigações, apoio às famílias de outros ausentes e lutas por políticas públicas de enfrentamento a esse problema social. O poder público tem papel relevante na elaboração de políticas públicas por meio de articulações internas e com a sociedade civil. Ademais, é necessário que a aplicação dessas ações seja efetiva e de domínio público. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo é, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, refletir sobre o fenômeno de desaparecimento de pessoas no Brasil.
Логопедическое вмешательство у пациентов с диагнозом синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности: интегративный обзор
Authors: Silva Fagner Pereira da
Published: December 2022

Синдром Дефицита Внимания и Гиперактивности (СДВГ) можно охарактеризовать как нейробиологическое расстройство с генетическими причинами, проявляющееся, среди основных симптомов, невнимательностью, беспокойным поведением, а также проблемами импульсивности. Это расстройство появляется в детстве и может сопровождать человека на протяжении всего его жизненного цикла. Лечение может проводиться путем сочетания лекарств, психотерапии и логопедии, особенно при наличии речевых нарушений или проблем с письмом. В связи с этим в настоящей статье ведущим вопросом является: как логопед может уменьшить проблемы, вызванные синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности? Таким образом, основной целью данного исследования является анализ на основе уже опубликованной литературы вмешательства логопеда у пациентов с диагнозом синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности. Для обоснования исследования было необходимо провести интегративное библиографическое исследование, анализируя несколько теорий, связанных с вмешательством логопеда у людей с СДВГ. Для этого были проведены поиски в базах данных: Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs и Medline. В результате этого исследования сделан вывод о том, что работа логопеда у лиц с диагнозом СДВГ обеспечивает значительное снижение множественного поведения, значительно помогая в борьбе с основными трудностями этих людей, такими как проблемы с вниманием и импульсивностью, в дополнение к помощи родители или опекуны людей с СДВГ.
Intervention d'orthophonie chez les patients diagnostiqués avec un trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité : revue intégrative
Authors: Silva Fagner Pereira da
Published: December 2022

Le Trouble Déficitaire de l’Attention avec Hyperactivité (TDAH) peut être caractérisé comme un trouble neurobiologique, avec des causes génétiques, présentant, parmi les principaux symptômes, l’inattention, des comportements agités, ainsi que des problèmes d’impulsivité. Ce trouble apparaît durant l’enfance et peut accompagner l’être humain tout au long de son cycle de vie. Le traitement peut être réalisé par l’association de médicaments, de psychothérapie et d’orthophonie, notamment lorsque des troubles de la parole ou des problèmes d’écriture sont observés. Dans ce contexte, le présent article a pour fil conducteur la question suivante : comment l’orthophonie peut-elle agir pour réduire les problèmes causés par le trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec hyperactivité ? Ainsi, l’objectif principal de cette recherche est d’analyser, à travers la littérature déjà publiée, l’intervention de l’orthophonie chez les patients diagnostiqués avec un trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec hyperactivité. Pour la fondation de la recherche, il était nécessaire de réaliser une recherche bibliographique intégrative, analysant plusieurs théories liées à l’intervention de l’orthophonie chez les personnes atteintes de TDAH. Pour cela, des recherches ont été effectuées dans les bases de données : Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs et Medline. Il est conclu à travers cette recherche que la performance des orthophonistes chez les personnes diagnostiquées avec le TDAH permet une réduction significative des comportements multiples, aidant de manière significative à combattre les principales difficultés de ces personnes, telles que les problèmes d’attention et d’impulsivité, en plus de l’aide à parents ou tuteurs de personnes atteintes de TDAH.
O papel da enfermagem no cuidado paliativo de crianças oncológicas
Authors: Oliveira Jennifer Karolline Nascimento de
Published: December 2022

O câncer infantil é uma das principais causas de morte patológica na infância, e embora exista ampla chance de cura, muitos óbitos ainda são vistos. Nesse contexto, esse público demanda de cuidados específicos, denominados cuidados paliativos, que busquem ofertar ao paciente e seus familiares qualidade de vida e bem-estar durante a terminalidade. O presente estudo teve a seguinte questão norteadora: Qual o papel da enfermagem mediante o cuidado paliativo de pacientes oncológicos infantis? e como objetivo principal compreender a definição de cuidado paliativo e seus pressupostos, bem como compreender o papel da equipe de enfermagem na assistência paliativa ao paciente oncológico. Para tal, foi adotado metodologia descritiva, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Foi possível concluir que o enfermeiro é profissional fundamental na oferta desse cuidado, pois está em contato direto com paciente e seus familiares de modo humanizado, nesse sentido, é o profissional que deve ofertar o cuidado pautado nas necessidades integrais da criança e de dos que convivem com ela. Entretanto, muitas dificuldades podem ser vistas durante essa prática, no sentido de lidar com o sofrimento e o óbito infantil.
Characterization of the Physicochemical, Functional, Granulometric and Mineral Properties of Néré (Parkia Biglobosa) FN, FW and FK Flours From Korhogo in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Arthur Michel Niamke , Gnoh Minata Diarrassouba , Allico Joseph Djaman
Published: December 2022

The néré fruit is known in the north of Côte d’Ivoire for its seeds, which are used to prepare soumbara, and for its pulp, which is also consumed. Unfortunately, the nutritional value of the pulp is not known by the population and it is not processed by local industries. This study contributes to the valorization of néré fruits. After hulling, the pulp is dried in the sun, crushed, and sieved to produce three types of flour, depending on its origin. The flours from Niofoin, Waragniéré, and Kanoroba have been coded FN, FW, and FK respectively. The study of the physicochemical properties of the flours showed, depending on their origin, a moisture content of 5.4 to 7.6%, the average fibre content of 15.27%, high total carbohydrate content (81.05 to 84%), high energy value (360.4 to 369.13 Kcal/100g). The study showed the presence of antioxidants such as polyphenols (319.15 to 400.09mg/100g). Anti-nutrients like oxalates (7.42 to 10.81mg/100g) were found in low amounts. The study of functional properties showed a water absorption capacity of 199.54 to 207.55%, and an oil absorption capacity of 105.46 to 109.35%. The mineral study showed the presence of magnesium (0.05 to 0.076ppm), potassium (0.01 to 0.054ppm), calcium (0, 094 to 0.131ppm), iron (0.025ppm), copper (0.02 to 0.129ppm). The granulometric studies showed that the vast majority of the particles of the flours FN, FW, and FK, are smaller than 250 µm. The flours FN, FW, and FK contain macronutrients, high energy value, fibre, interesting functional properties, antioxidants, and minerals that are beneficial for the local populations and can be used by the food industries.
Derivation and its Effect on Meaning in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study
Authors: Mohammed Iman Farhan , Dhayif Qassim Abbas
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses the process of derivation and how it affects word meaning. The problem with this study is that some individuals find some difficulties in interpreting some derived words. It aims at re-visiting the concept of the derivation process and its types. It also aims at showing how this process effects on meaning in both English and Arabic languages. It is hypothesized that the Arabic language is more informative than the English one in terms of derivation. It is also hypothesized that the meanings of words in Arabic are much more effected by this process than in English ones. The study adopts a qualitative method which is proposed as "a sort of systematic empirical analysis into meaning. Systematic is planned, ordered, and public" (Shank, 2002: 78). This present study can provide adequate background knowledge for those who are interested in this topic. It has been observed that the derivation process is frequently used in Arabic. Additionally, Arabic word meanings are much more effected by this process than English ones.
Representasi Kesetaraan Gender Pada Iklan Alfamart X GoPay #Kebahagiaankecil Untuk Kita Semua
Authors: Nabilah Ardelia Talitha
Published: December 2022

Advertising media is one of the media that contributes to the process of socializing gender stereotypes in society. Nowadays, awareness of gender equality is increasing, advertising media can play a role in socializing the issue of gender equality as one of the realities that exist in society. Alfamart X GoPay advertisements was taken as the object of research to understand the description and meaning of gender equality through visuals and narratives with descriptive qualitative approaches and semiotic analysis. The result of the semiotic analysis on the advertisement is that men can play a dual role both in supporting the family economy and in the domestic sphere. Household work should be done by anyone, both men and women.
Iklan Animasi “Sebuah Kenangan Manis” Dalam Perspektif Kritik
Authors: Nawawel Sakti Aroisi Nawawel
Published: December 2022

“Sebuah Kenangan Manis” comercial ads by Khong Huan company received a lot of attention and appreciation from many internet users when it was released. By using 2D animation media created using the frame by frame technique, it requires animators to draw images one by one to animate the drawings. The animation of “A Sweet Memories” interesting because it is quite rare for advertisements made by local studios to use 2D animation media with quality that can be said to compete with foreign animation. In addition, in the advertisement, Khong Huan also claims to use a Japanese animation style called anime, which in Indonesia has quite a lot of fans. In response to the many appreciations for this advertisement, this study will try to directly analyze the animation visuals of “Sebuah Kenangan Manis” advertisement by frame by frame.
Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Islam Shafiqul
Published: December 2022

With the onset of the novel coronavirus, scientists and medical professionals worked tirelessly to develop an effective clinically approved vaccine for the same. Initially what seemed impossible is now a reality and not only have experts manufactured COVID vaccines in such a short span of time, but they have also developed different types and versions of it too. Equitable access to safe and effective vaccines is critical to ending the COVID- 19 pandemic, so it is hugely encouraging to see so many vaccines proving and going into development. WHO is working tirelessly with partners to develop, manufacture and deploy safe and effective vaccines. Safe and effective vaccines are a game-changing tool. Being vaccinated does not mean that we can throw caution to the wind and put ourselves and others at risk, particularly because research is still ongoing into how much vaccines protect not only against disease but also against infection and transmission. But it’s not vaccines that will stop the pandemic, rather it’s vaccination with proper efficacy. Out of more than 100 research articles on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines 41 articles were included in the present study. As of 1 May 2021, there have been 152 661 445 Covid-19 cases with 3 202 256 deaths globally. This pandemic led to the race to discover a safe and effective vaccine to achieve herd immunity and curtail the damaging effects of Covid-19. This study aims to discuss the most recent WHO-approved Covid-19 vaccine subtypes, their trials, doses and efficacy. As of 16 May 2021, the number of countries that have approved the use of the following vaccines is Pfizer in 85, Moderna in 46, Oxford/AstraZeneca in 101, and Janssen in 41.
JOPSOM 2021; 40(2):65-72
Nomenclature of the traditional violin repertoire based on the instrumental prac- tice of selected violinists from Central Poland
Authors:   Art Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Surma Joanna
Published: December 2022

Nomenclature of the traditional violin repertoire based on the instrumental prac- tice of selected violinists from Central Poland Mazurkas and oberekas were the main musical genres performed in Central Po- land until World War I by traditional musical groups consisted initially of a violi- nist and a drummer. Depending on the sub-region, these two terms were used inter- changeably, sometimes they were considered as two different genres, and sometimes confused – for example, in Powiśle, instrumental mazurkas were called “wędrowce” (sing. “wędrowiec”), “podróżniaki” (sing. “podróżniak) or “światowce” (sing. “świa- towiec”), while in many villages near Radom, the term mazurka did not occur at all. The third commonly performed musical genre before World War I was the polka. In the interwar period and in the first years after World War II, the traditional repertoire significantly expanded to include waltzes, sztajerki (sing. sztajer or sztajerek) and tangos. The article deals with the issue of muscial genres nomenclature performed by selected violinists from Central Poland, focusing on four figures associated with the traditional violin music of the Radom region: Stanisław Lewandowski (Brogowa, b. 1933), Jan Skretowski (Borowina, b. 1941), Adam Tarnowski (Domaniów, b. 1945) and Zdzisław Kwapiński (b. in 1951 in Szymanów, from 1984 residing in Przytyk, and from the late 1980s in Radom). Another important issue is the nomenclature of single musical works performed by the aforesaid violinists, what reveals their creativ- ity as well as the rural way of perceiving music. Keywords: mazurka, oberek, polka, violin, violin music, Central Poland.
Tissue Stents (Bio Stents): Search For Non- Metallic Stent And Can It Be A Game Changer In Cardiovascular Interventions?
Authors:   Klinikum Nuernberg Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany, N John Camm
Published: December 2022

Coronary and Vascular stenosis poses great challenge in terms of cardiovascular disease burden. Evolution of metallic stents has been key in treating Coronary Artery Disease both acute and chronic and has met challenges successfully. The last 2 decades have seen substantial reform in technology, bringing second and third generations of coronary and vascular stents mainly metallic drug-eluting stents (DES). Though stent related stenosis is big challenge, DES has met relatively much success especially during initial years. DES are found to be associated with good first-year outcomes but subsequent risk of stentrelated adverse events like thrombosis, myocardial infarction, restenosis usually appear after 1 year following implantation. The pathogenesis of these late events is related to the permanent presence of the metal stent frame or polymer within coronaries. Besides intimal hyperplasia, late stent thrombosis, and noncompliance with DAPT are still major issues leading to stent failure and often the need for reintervention. As an effective alternative to metallic stents, Bioresorbable scaffolds were developed to provide drug delivery and mechanical support functions similar to metallic drug-eluting stents (DES), followed by complete resorption with recovery of vascular structure and function, potentially improving very late clinical outcomes. A first-generation bioresorbable scaffold demonstrated to be no inferior to a contemporary metallic drug-eluting stents for overall 1-year patient-oriented and deviceoriented outcomes. However, increased rates of scaffold thrombosis and target vessel-related myocardial infarction were noted subsequently at 5 year follow up. Tissue/Bio Stents can present as a path breaking alternative approach to avoid intimal hyperplasia. They are characterised by presence of biodegradable struts with tissue mesh and complete absence of metal preventing ingrowth of the neointimal tissue into the lumen. Currently used stent materials include mainly metals and synthetic polymers. Their main limitation is lack of hemocompatibility, which can induce thrombosis and ultimately reocclusion, thus impairing the long-term performance of these devices. We are proposing use of biologically derived material to overcome this issue with the aim of enhancing the biocompatibility and the capability of this type of stents to support endothelialilzation. The aim of this article is to give a comprehensive overview of the manufacturing and applications of Tissue or Bio Stents as well as the different strategies followed for their development from the perspective of the material selection, fabrication approaches, and logical validation of the different concepts into animal and clinical trials.
Cervical Syringomyelia without Tonsillar Herniation: Report of Two Cases Treated with Suboccipital Decompression
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery BHT Clinic İstanbul Tema Hastanesi İstanbul/Turkey., Cealal Iplikçioğlu Ahmet , Karabağ Hamza ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Harran Üniversity, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.
Published: December 2022

Cervical syringomyelia is usually associated with Chiari 1 malformation, spinal tumor posttraumatic or post-infection conditions.
Nursing Diagnosis Frequently Enforced by Nurse to Clients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yulanda Nita Arisanti , Martadi Kharisma Aji , Larasati Anggelisa , Fradianto Ikbal
Published: December 2022

Aims : This study is to find out the most diagnoses in stroke patients so that they can arrange appropriate interventions.
Design: This study is a retrospective study using the descriptive anaysis.
Methods :. The population of this study were all medical records of patients with stroke in 2018 - 2019 in Installation of Tanjungpura University Hospital. The study sample was selected using a purposive sampling method with inclusion criteria, namely patients with ischemic stroke, active patients undergoing outpatient care. The number of samples used was 100 medical record documents of stroke patients. The method of data collection is carried out by checklist instrument.
Results : The results of the study were 6 nursing diagnoses that were often enforced by nurses in ischemic stroke patients, namely nursing diagnoses of . Impaired physical mobility ( 59 %), acute pain ( 24%), activity intolerance ( 7%), risk for ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion (5%), impaired verbal communication (3%) and impaired skin integrity (2%). However, of the 6 diagnoses, there were 2 nursing diagnoses written that were not in accordance with the labels on the 2015-2017 NANDA, however namely impaired skin integrity (100%) and impaired verbal communication (46%).
Conclusions : It is recommended to increase the socialization of nursing diagnoses so that nurses write a diagnosis according to the diagnosis label used as a reference for writing documentation.
Conflict Management Strategies on the Learning Process of Nursing Undergraduate Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wahyuningsih Nita Sri , Susanti Dina
Published: December 2022

Aims: The learning process is an interaction of information exchange that occurs between lecturers and students supported by the media and methods used. The interaction that occurs will trigger the emergence of conflict so that conflict management is needed as a self-defense mechanism so that learning objectives can be achieved. Moreover, interactions that take place only online due to the situation of increasing the number of Covid-19 cases, based on the new government policy with restrictions on community activities (PPKM) where the teaching and learning process is 100% carried out online. conflict management strategy as independent variable and learning process as dependent variable
Objective: This study aims to knowing the relationship of conflict management of Bachelor of Nursing students in the implementation of the learning process.
Methods: This study used a descriptive correlation design with a cross sectional approach. The sample used in this study was 267 students. research instrument in the form of a questionnaire given via google form then analyzed with spss.
Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between conflict management and the implementation of the learning process and the most dominant collaborative conflict management is carried out by students during the learning process.
Conclusion: This result of this study stated that the learning process runs smoothly, students use conflict management strategies to overcome them. The lecturers suggested to to direct how students can manage improve the learning process through conflict management among the students.
The Effect of Five-Finger Hypnosis Relaxation Educational Videos as Psychosocial Support on Reducing Anxiety Levels in Student Chronotype during Distance Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Annisa Rully , Ching Cing Marta Tania Gabriel
Published: December 2022

Aims: Distance learning is currently a medium and learning resource that maximizes modern internet-based technology and communication and is carried out online and focuses on individuals or groups and student activities remotely without face-to-face, the interaction of material delivery and assignments is completely done online. Students' activities in distance learning currently require that normal sleeping hours be switched to doing many tasks. The term is also known as chronotype, and it refers to a variety of human control over biological circadian rhythms that include the morning, night, and intermediate types. However, not all students are prepared to participate in distance learning. Students' perceptions of distance learning during an uncertain period of time cause fatigue, stress, or anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using five-finger hypnosis relaxation educational videos on decreasing anxiety levels in the chronotype of students.
Design: Pre-Experimental Design Type One Group Pretest-Posttest
Methdos: The method used in this study is a pre-experiment design ypene-group pretest-posttest. The total number of respondents was 37 students who were during distance learning using the simple random sampling technique. Data collection used a questionnaire of The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety levels before and after the intervention, and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was used to determine the type chronotype (MEQ). Data analysis using Paired Sample T Test.
Results: The results of statistical tests showed the majority of respondents (64.9 %) experienced mild anxiety prior to receiving the intervention, while 1 student experienced severe anxiety (2.%5). Furthermore, after receiving the intervention, the majority of the respondents experienced mild anxiety, with as many as 26 students (70.3 %) no longer experiencing severe anxiety.  The intervention group has a positive mean difference in Anxiety Levels of 1.36, indicating that there is a tendency to decrease anxiety levels after the intervention with an average decrease of 1.36. Based on the p-value = 0.011, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the anxiety level of the intervention group before and after the intervention (where p 0.05) with a t count = 2.689 (t count > t table (df 36 = 1.687094) with a positive value (+) indicates that the anxiety level score before the intervention is higher than the anxiety level score after the intervention. This means that the five finger hypnosis technique intervention is in reducing anxiety levels.
Conclusions: Five finger hypnosis therapy with video by providing comfort and relaxation is very effective for reducing anxiety levels. This activity is also intended to divert attention and can lower blood pressure, breathing, the tension in the muscles, metabolic rate, and pulse.
Nurse’s Competency Toward Covid-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pramajati Hikmat , Sukaesih Nunung Siti , Nuryani Reni , Lindayani Emi , Purnama Ahmad , Ridwan Heri , Nugraha Thaofik Fauzi , Danismaya Irawan , Halimatusyadiah Halimatusyadiah
Published: December 2022

Aims: Since the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak, nurses have been actively involved for 24 hours in providing nursing care to Covid-19 patients both in hospital and public health centers. As part of the front liner, the role of nurses during fighting against Covid-19 requires good knowledge and competence. This review describes the articles regarding nurses’ knowledge and competency toward Covid-19 that have been published.
Methods: The research articles were retrieved from the Scopus database and Science direct database.
Results: The major findings of the review showed that nurses almost have a good knowledge regarding the Covid-19 outbreak. However, it is widely reported that nurses are insufﬁciently trained. Most of them only read guidelines that have been established by the government. Furthermore, the nurses do not feel conﬁdent responding effectively to the Covid-19 pandemic. The other issues according to the articles were the need for support, motivation, material especially personal protective equipment so that the nurses would perform their role better. The result of the study contributes to the competency of Covid-19 pandemic preparedness among nurse professions.
Conclusions : The findings of the study also would be evidence-based for the government, nurse managers to prepare nurses for fighting against outbreak response. According to the review, it is recommended that all nurses must be facilitated to get training or education periodically regarding Covid-19.
The genetics of political participation: Leveraging polygenic indices to advance political behavior research
Authors: Ahlskog Rafael , Dawes Christopher , Oskarsson Sven , Weinschenk Aaaron
Published: December 2022

Previous research has found that political traits have some degree of genetic basis, but researchers have had less success unpacking the relationship between genes and political behavior. We propose an approach for examining this relationship that can overcome many of the limitations of previous research: polygenic indices (PGIs). PGIs are DNA-based individual-level variables that capture the genetic propensity to exhibit a given trait. We begin by outlining how PGIs are derived, how they can be utilized in conventional regression-based research, and how results should be interpreted. We then provide proof of concept, using data on over 50,000 individuals in four samples from the U.S. and Sweden to show that PGIs for health and psychological traits significantly predict measures of political participation, even within families. We conclude by outlining several ideas and providing empirical examples for researchers who may be interested in building on the PGI approach.
Interprofessional Program Design Project to improve Nursing students’ attitudes toward collaborative practice
Authors: Tzenios Nikolaos
Published: December 2022

This lesson plan aims to improve Nursing students’ attitudes toward collaborative practice by engaging them in a case study to treat a fictitious patient with an opioid addiction problem.
Humoral response in Leishmaniasis
Authors: Conde Luciana , Maciel Gabriela , de Assis Gustavo Meira , Freire-de-Lima Leonardo , Nico Dirlei , Vale André , Freire-de-Lima Célio Geraldo , Morrot Alexandre
Published: December 2022

Leishmaniasis presents different types of clinical manifestations that can be divided into cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis. The host’s immune system, associated with genetic and nutritional factors, is strongly involved in the evolution of the disease or parasite escape. Humoral immunity is characterized by the production of antibodies capable of promoting neutralization, opsonization, and activation of the complement system. In this scenario, B lymphocytes produce antibodies that play an important role in Leishmania infection although neglected for a long time. Thus, relevant aspects in the establishment of Leishmania infection will be addressed, highlighting the importance of humoral immunity during the entire process of Leishmania infection.
Student experiences in a university preparatory programming course
Authors: Spikol Daniel , Dybdal Martin , Elmeskov Dorte C.
Published: December 2022

Even though computer science is currently being integrated into primary and secondary education worldwide, we cannot yet make assumptions about our student's prior knowledge of computing. Every student might have different conceptions about the field of study they are about to enter. Students start at computer science programs with different prior experiences with programming, ranging from no experience to a high degree of proficiency. At the Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, we have designed a 2-week voluntary summer kickstart course in programming to help students in this transition into our three computer science programs. To evaluate the course, we followed three groups of students. Group one with no/limited programming experience attended the kickstart course. The second group with no/little programming experience did not participate in the course, and the third group of students with programming experience did not participate in the class. We observed the kickstart course and conducted interviews. We followed up about 3 weeks after the start of the semester and then again at the end of the semester in December. Our findings suggest that the course reduces the gap in programming experiences and strengthens students' self-efficacy and sense of belonging. However, the approach creates a social gap between students who have not attended the course with no/limited experience at the beginning of the semester. Even though the students in December do not experience any difference between students who have attended the course and those who have not, it is important to consider this social gap at the beginning of the semester when designing and planning a preparatory course like the kickstart course.
The relationship between pre-landfall intensity change and post-landfall weakening of tropical cyclones over China
Authors: Han Wenjun , Wang Yuqing , Liu Lu
Published: December 2022

The accurate prediction of the weakening of landfalling tropical cyclones (TC) is of great importance to the disaster prevention but is still challenging. In this study, based on the 6-hourly TC best-track data and global reanalysis data, the relationship between the intensity change prior to landfall of TCs and the energy dissipation rate after landfall over mainland China is statistically analyzed, and the difference between East and South China is compared. Results show that TCs making landfall over East China often experienced pre-landfall weakening and usually corresponded to a rapid decay after landfall, while most TCs making landfall over South China intensified prior to landfall and weakened slowly after landfall. The key factors affecting both pre-landfall intensity change and post-landfall energy dissipation rate are quantitatively analyzed. It is found that the decreasing sea surface temperature (SST), increasing SST gradient, and increasing environmental vertical wind shear are the major factors favoring high pre-landfall weakening occurrence, leading to rapid TC weakening after landfall over East China. In South China, changes in the large-scale environmental factors are relatively small and contribute little to the post-landfall weakening rate.
Assessment of the Brazilian postgraduate evaluation system
Authors: McManus Concepta , Baeta Neves Abilio Afonso , Souza Filho Antonio Gomes , Rosa Arthur Antonio Silva , Carvalho Carlos Henrique , Freire Denise Maria Guimarães , Fioravanti Maria Clorinda Soares , Báo Sonia Nair , de Medeiros Isac Almeida , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre , Diaz Bruno Lourenço , de Carvalho Ernani Rodrigues , Audy Jorge Luís Nicolas , Silva-Filho Marcio C. , Gimenez Juliano , Carvalho Margarida , da Silva Robério Rodrigues , Napimoga Marcelo Henrique
Published: December 2022

The present study provided an overview of evaluation data from the “Sucupira Platform,” questionnaires with post-graduate deans, discussion forums, and international databases to assess the Brazilian post-graduate evaluation system. The system is highly standardised and homogenous throughout the country with little flexibility. There is a disconnect with ongoing changes in international graduate studies, especially regarding the possibility of adopting flexible and temporary doctoral projects in international partnerships. The evaluation focuses mainly on process, not results, impact, and social relevance. Although the current system requires strategic planning and self-assessment, these are not used when evaluating results. The system should be sensitive to differences, valuing the diversity of institutional projects. Changes in the evaluation require a clear timeline and careful definition of indicators. The improvement of information collection must occur in coordination with CNPq, and the new data collecting platform must be able to import information from various sources (RAIS, Lattes, WIPO, PrInt, etc.). According to their purposes, the separate indication in CAPES’ spreadsheets on the legal status of private and community/confessional institutions is fundamental for improved data analysis. The assignment of grades rather than scores (e.g., in implementation, consolidated nationally/internationally) is questioned.
Isotope composition of daily precipitation from 2019 to 2020 in Sanming, southeastern China
Authors: Cai Jianrong , Yang Yunyue , Yang Zhijie , Qiu Wanyin , Jiang Xiuyang
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Many studies in southeastern China (SEC) have used stable isotope (δD and δ18O) records from natural archives (e.g., stalagmites, tree-ring cellulose, sediments) to reconstruct past East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) climate. However, the interpretation of the meanings of isotope variation in these records has not been fully resolved, and the key to solve this problem is to clarify the referential meaning of modern precipitation isotopes.

Methods: In this study, we collected daily precipitation from January 2019 to December 2020 in Sanming to clarify the characteristics of isotope variations and their controlling factors during different seasonal periods [e.g., non-summer monsoon (NSM) and summer monsoon (SM)] in SEC.

Results and Discussion: Our results show that the precipitation δ18O (δ18Op) and d-excess values in the SM season (−12.94‰–0.15‰, −4.05‰–21.01‰) were more light than those in the NSM season (−6.91‰–4.37‰, 0.85‰–30.38‰). Combining the findings of backward trajectory and averaged outgoing longwave radiation analyses, the seasonal variation of precipitation isotopes is believed to be determined by a shift in water vapor sources and the intensity of upstream atmospheric convection during water vapor transportation. The consistent variation between the isotope values and convective intensity over the South China Sea in the dragon boat rainy period highlights that δ18Op has the potential to respond rapidly to the upstream convective intensity and can serve as a substitute method for investigating the complicated East Asian summer monsoon system. Therefore, the results of this study imply that the stable isotopes in precipitation and related paleoclimate proxies may not reflect the signal of temperature or precipitation alone but rather reflect changes in moisture sources and upstream convective intensity.
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to HIV and reproductive health care among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Western Kenya: A mixed methods analysis
Authors: Bernard Caitlin , Hassan Shukri A. , Humphrey John , Thorne Julie , Maina Mercy , Jakait Beatrice , Brown Evelyn , Yongo Nashon , Kerich Caroline , Changwony Sammy , Qian Shirley Ru W. , Scallon Andrea J. , Komanapalli Sarah A. , Enane Leslie A , Oyaro Patrick , Abuogi Lisa L. , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Patel Rena C.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted access to health services. Our objective was to understand the pandemic's impact on access to HIV, pregnancy, and family planning (FP) care among women living with HIV (WLHIV).

Methods

Data were collected after June 2020, when questions about the pandemic were added to two ongoing mixed methods studies using telephone surveys and in-depth interviews among WLHIV in western Kenya. The Chaguo Langu (CL) study includes primarily non-pregnant WLHIV receiving HIV care at 55 facilities supported by AMPATH and the Opt4Mamas study includes pregnant WLHIV receiving antenatal care at five facilities supported by FACES. Our outcomes were self-reported increased difficulty refilling medication, accessing care, and managing FP during the pandemic. We summarized descriptive data and utilized multivariable logistic regression to evaluate predictors of difficulty refilling medication and accessing care. We qualitatively analyzed the interviews using inductive coding with thematic analysis.

Results

We analyzed 1,402 surveys and 15 in-depth interviews. Many (32%) CL participants reported greater difficulty refilling medications and a minority (14%) reported greater difficulty accessing HIV care during the pandemic. Most (99%) Opt4Mamas participants reported no difficulty refilling medications or accessing HIV/pregnancy care. Among the CL participants, older women were less likely (aOR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98) and women with more children were more likely (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00–1.28) to report difficulty refilling medications. Only 2% of CL participants reported greater difficulty managing FP and most (95%) reported no change in likelihood of using FP or desire to get pregnant. Qualitative analysis revealed three major themes: (1) adverse organizational/economic implications of the pandemic, (2) increased importance of pregnancy prevention during the pandemic, and (3) fear of contracting COVID-19.

Discussion

The two unique participant groups included in our study encountered overlapping problems during the COVID-19 epidemic. Access to HIV services and antiretrovirals was interrupted for a large proportion of non-pregnant WLHIV in western Kenya, but access to pregnancy/family planning care was less affected in our cohort. Innovative solutions are needed to ensure HIV and reproductive health outcomes do not worsen during the ongoing pandemic.
Capturing big fisheries data: Integrating fishers’ knowledge in a web-based decision support tool
Authors: Kelly Cian , Michelsen Finn Are , Reite Karl Johan , Kolding Jeppe , Varpe Øystein , Berset Are Prytz , Alver Morten Omholt
Published: December 2022

There is increasing interest in utilizing fishers’ knowledge to better understand the marine environment, given the spatial extent and temporal resolution of fishing vessel operations. Furthermore, fishers’ knowledge is part of the best available information needed for sustainable harvesting of stocks, marine spatial planning and large-scale monitoring of fishing activity. However, there are difficulties with integrating such information into advisory processes. Data is often not systematically collected in a structured manner and there are issues around sharing of information within the industry, and between industry and research partners. Decision support systems for fishing planning and routing can integrate relevant information in a systematic way, which both incentivizes vessels to share information beneficial to their operations and capture time sensitive big datasets for marine research. The project Fishguider has been developing such a web-based decision support tool since 2019, together with partners in the Norwegian fishing fleet. The objectives of the project are twofold: 1) To provide a tool which provides relevant model and observation data to skippers, thus supporting sustainable fishing activity. 2) To foster bidirectional information flow between research and fishing activity by transfer of salient knowledge (both experiential and data-driven), thereby supporting knowledge creation for research and advisory processes. Here we provide a conceptual framework of the tool, along with current status and developments, while outlining specific challenges faced. We also present experiential input from fishers’ regarding what they consider important sources of information when actively fishing, and how this has guided the development of the tool. We also explore potential benefits of utilizing such experiential knowledge generally. Moreover, we detail how such collaborations between industry and research may rapidly produce extensive, structured datasets for research and input into management of stocks. Ultimately, we suggest that such decision support services will motivate fishing vessels to collect and share data, while the available data will foster increased research, improving the decision support tool itself and consequently knowledge of the oceans, its fish stocks and fishing activities.
Hyperglycemia is associated with worse 3-year survival in older patients admitted to the intensive care unit after non-cardiac surgery: Post hoc analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Li Mo , Deng Chun-Mei , Su Xian , Zhang Dan-Feng , Ding Mao , Ma Jia-Hui , Wang Dong-Xin
Published: December 2022

Objective

Hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients after surgery and is associated with worse perioperative outcomes. Yet, the impact of postoperative hyperglycemia on long-term outcomes remains unclear. We therefore analyzed the association between early postoperative hyperglycemia and 3-year overall survival in older patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit after surgery.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of database obtained from a previous randomized trial and 3-year follow-up. The underlying trial enrolled 700 patients aged 65 years or older who were admitted to the intensive care unit after elective non-cardiac surgery. Early postoperative time-weighted average blood glucose was calculated and was divided into three levels, i.e., <8.0 mmol/L, from 8.0 to 10.0 mmol/L, and >10.0 mmol/L. The primary outcome was 3-year overall survival. The association between time-weighted average blood glucose level and 3-year overall survival was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard regression models. Subgroup analyses were also performed in patients with or without diabetes, and in patients following cancer or non-cancer surgery.

Results

A total of 677 patients (mean age 74 years, 60% male sex) were included in the final analysis. Within 3 years after surgery, deaths occurred in 22.1% (30/136) of patients with time-weighted average blood glucose <8.0 mmol/L, compared with 35.7% (81/227) of those from 8.0 to 10.0 mmol/L (unadjusted hazard ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.67, P = 0.009), and 36.9% (116/314) of those >10.0 mmol/L (unadjusted hazard ratio 1.91, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.85, P = 0.002). After adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of 3-year mortality remained higher in patients with time-weighted average blood glucose from 8.0 to 10.0 mmol/L (adjusted hazard ratio 2.28, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.54, P < 0.001) and in those >10.0 mmol/L (adjusted hazard ratio 2.00, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.10, P = 0.002). Similar results were obtained in the subgroups of patients without diabetes and patients following cancer surgery.

Conclusion

For older patients admitted to the intensive care unit after elective non-cardiac surgery, high early blood glucose (time-weighted average blood glucose ≥ 8.0 mmol/L) was associated with poor 3-year overall survival. The impact of moderate glycemic control on long-term survival deserves further investigation.
Layered GeI2: A wide-bandgap semiconductor for thermoelectric applications–A perspective
Authors: Dhingra Archit
Published: December 2022

Layered GeI2 is a two-dimensional wide-bandgap van der Waals semiconductor, which is theorized to be a promising material for thermoelectric applications. While the value of the experimentally extrapolated indirect optical bandgap of GeI2 is found to be consistent with the existing theoretical calculations, its potential as a thermoelectric material still lacks experimental validation. In this Perspective, recent experimental efforts aimed towards investigating its dynamical properties and tuning its bandgap further, via intercalation, are discussed. A thorough understanding of its dynamical properties elucidates the extent of electron-phonon scattering in this system, knowledge of which is crucial in order to open pathways for future studies aiming to realize GeI2-based thermoelectric devices.
Adapting hippocampus multi-scale place field distributions in cluttered environments optimizes spatial navigation and learning
Authors: Scleidorovich Pablo , Fellous Jean-Marc , Weitzenfeld Alfredo
Published: December 2022

Extensive studies in rodents show that place cells in the hippocampus have firing patterns that are highly correlated with the animal's location in the environment and are organized in layers of increasing field sizes or scales along its dorsoventral axis. In this study, we use a spatial cognition model to show that different field sizes could be exploited to adapt the place cell representation to different environments according to their size and complexity. Specifically, we provide an in-depth analysis of how to distribute place cell fields according to the obstacles in cluttered environments to optimize learning time and path optimality during goal-oriented spatial navigation tasks. The analysis uses a reinforcement learning (RL) model that assumes that place cells allow encoding the state. While previous studies have suggested exploiting different field sizes to represent areas requiring different spatial resolutions, our work analyzes specific distributions that adapt the representation to the environment, activating larger fields in open areas and smaller fields near goals and subgoals (e.g., obstacle corners). In addition to assessing how the multi-scale representation may be exploited in spatial navigation tasks, our analysis and results suggest place cell representations that can impact the robotics field by reducing the total number of cells for path planning without compromising the quality of the paths learned.