bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified Sliding Mode Control for Mismatched Uncertain Systems with Unknown Disturbances
Authors: Huynh Van Van , Nguyen Thao Phuong Thi
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a new sliding mode control law is developed for a class of mismatched uncertain systems with more general exogenous disturbances. First, we derive a new existence condition of linear sliding surface in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities such that the reduce-order sliding mode dynamics is is asymptotically stable. Second, we propose an adaptive sliding mode control law such that the system states reach the sliding surface in finite time and stay on its thereafter. Final, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Modal Analysis and Active Vibration Control of a Cable-Net Reflector
Authors: Wu Yong Sheng , Zhang Wei Zhong , Meng Xiu Yun
Published: March 2016

A cable-net reflector is fist introduced and then the state space representation is derived based on the finite element model. Modal analysis is carried out for the purpose of vibration control in modal space. The first several natural frequencies and vibration modes are obtained to analyze the vibration characteristics. The optimal control theory based on LQR with full state feedback is used for the control problem. Numerical simulations of the impulse disturbance response and the frequency response are implemented. Also, the contrast between the uncontrolled and controlled cases is illustrated. The theoretical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed active control strategy for the vibration suppress of the cable-net reflector.
Numerical Modeling and Investigation of Crude Oil Flows in T-Junction Channels
Authors: Georgantopoulou Christina G. , Abbas Ali Feras , Vasilikos Nikolaos S. , Georgantopoulos George A.
Published: March 2016

The oil transportation among the Middle East Countries and especially in Bahrain is extended and demands high performance and quality, reducing the leakages as well as the resistance to the flow simultaneously. Due to this reason in the present paper the crude oil dynamic behavior in a channel is studied in order to present valuable information for the flow variables and the separation zones according to various discharge or aspect ratios. The numerical approach is developed for T-junction channels due to the high oil and gas applications in the region, in order to transfer the oil from the source to the refinery. The most important aspect is the specification of the recirculation zones and stagnation points according to the flow velocity. The flow is steady, laminar and incompressible, while uniform, un-uniform and adaptive grids of various sizes have been generated in order to produce the desire accuracy even in high aspect ratio geometries. The results presents satisfied accuracy concerning the literature, while these are valuable data for the oil and gas companies in pipelines construction as well as to control operation issues.
Design and Fabrication of PDMS/PMMA-Based Rotary Micropump
Authors: Fu Lung Ming , Wang Wen Teng , Lee Chia Yen
Published: March 2016

A novel micropump is proposed comprising a PMMA-based rotor, a circular PDMS micro-chamber, and a semi-circular PDMS microchannel connecting the inlet and outlet reservoirs as the rotor spins, a plug of sample fluid is trapped within the microchannel between neighboring blades of the rotor and is driven through the channel toward the outlet. Meanwhile, the rotors periodically compress and release the inlet and outlet regions of the microchannel. Thus, as the rotor turns, one plug of sample fluid is drawn into the microchannel as another is ejected into the outlet reservoir. In other words, a peristaltic pumping effect is achieved. It is shown that the flow rate in the proposed device can be controlled simply by adjusting the rotational velocity of the rotor. A maximum flow rate of 1.22 ml/min is obtained given de-ionized water as the working fluid and a rotational velocity of 232 rpm. Moreover, given the same rotational velocity, flow rates of 0.724 ml/min and 0.336 ml/min are obtained for salad oil and engine oil, respectively.
An Experiment Investigation of Cutting Performance and Wear Characteristics of a Textured Broach
Authors: Xu Jing , Li Bin , Ni Jing
Published: March 2016

The broaching process is widely used to generate irregular internal and external part features, therefore there is a demand for a broach with good broaching performance. Aiming at slowing broach surface wear degree and improving the tool life, this paper puts forward a inverted triangle textured broach which is based on the theory of metal cutting, friction study and contact mechanics. The broaching 45# steel load experiment was carried out. The broaching force and surface morphological changes were measured, and the cutting performance and wear characteristics of the textured broach tooth were analyzed by comparing with ordinary broach. Results show that the inverted triangle textured broach can reduce broaching load by 5%, and improve the response performance of broach for broaching load. The wear area and wear quantity of ordinary broach were larger than textured broach. The textured broach can greatly improve the cutting efficiency, reduce the tool wear and increase lifespan.
Composite Patch Repair of Structural Member by Coupled FE-EFG Approach
Authors: Pathak Himanshu , Singh Akhilendra , Singh Indra Vir
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a simple and efficient coupled finite element-element free Galekrin (FE-EFG) approach to simulate three-dimensional composite patch repair problem. In coupled FE-EFG approach, extended element free Galerkin (XEFG) is used near the crack surface as it can accurately model the discontinuities while the rest of domain is approximated by standard finite element (FE) method. The transition between FE and XEFG was modelled by a ramp function. The geometric discontinuities like crack and material interface are modeled by adding enrichment functions in EFG displacement approximation through partition of unity (PU). The location of geometrical discontinuity is traced by vector level set method. A domain based J-integral approach is used for the evaluation of stress intensity factors.
Characteristics of Power Law and Sigmoid FGMs Models in Thermal Effect
Authors: Kang Seok Hyeon , Kim Ji Hwan
Published: March 2016

In thermal environment, vibration behavior of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) plates is investigated, and the materials are developed with mixing ceramic and metal. Present study is based on the first-order shear deformation theory of plate. Then, mixture methods such as Power law (P-) and Sigmoid (S-) models are chosen. According to a volume fraction, the material properties are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness direction and to be temperature dependent properties. Further, thermal effects are considered as uniform temperature rise and one dimensional heat transfer. For the structure analysis, FEM is used to obtain the natural frequencies based on the virtual work principle.
Adsorption of CO2 in MCM-41 Synthesized Using Mixed Surfactants
Authors: Costa Cíntia de Castro , Melo Dulce Maria de Araújo , Martinelli Antonio Eduardo , Fontes Maria do Socorro Braga , Melo Marcus Antônio de Freitas , Barros Joana Maria de Farias
Published: March 2016

The CO2 adsorption technology using solid adsorbent shas been considered as a promising approach to reduce CO2 emissions. Therefore, research has been developed to obtain efficient and economically viable adsorbents. The mesoporous materials of the MCM-41 type are among the candidates for effective adsorbents as a result of easy synthesis and structure which favors the flow of gas. The aim of this study was to improve the synthesis of MCM-41 using mixtures of cationic surfactants and apply in CO2 capture. The cationic surfactants used weretetradecyltrimetylammonium bromide (TTMABr - C17H38NBr) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C19H42NBr) and their mixture in a ratio of 1:1. The CO2 adsorption was investigated using the gravimetric method at 298K and pressure varying up to 40 bar. The resulting materials, C17, C19 and C17C19, were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TG and SEM. The results revealed significant differences in the structure of the materials and amount of of CO2 adsorbed.
Evaluation of the Installation of a Biofuel Producing Algae Farm in an Ethanol Plant
Authors: Carvalho Victor Cabral da Hora Aragão , Díaz Marco Antonio Díaz , de Paula Gomes Marcos Sebastião
Published: March 2016

With the demand for Biofuels growing – worldwide – and with the efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), much would be gained, from an environmentally and economically, from increasing efficiency and offer of biofuels. Biofuels produced in algae farms enable a close relationship with ethanol plants. Such algae feeds off Carbon Dioxide from biomass burned in ethanol plants and boilers, so, along with Brazil’s privileged solar incidence, this allows conversion of GHG to biofuel. The goal of our study was to investigate ethanol plants as productive systems to understand how adding algae farms could change energy efficiency and emissions. The system analyzed includes the sugarcane sowing, plantation, handling, harvesting, industrial activities, and ethanol distribution. Our aim, from this analysis and using primary data from a company that builds algae farms, is to estimate the output of algae biofuel and decrease of GHG emissions in the process. The results from the Plant Studied show that adding an algae farm to its grounds would improve energy efficiency by almost three times, while generating four times less GHG in the production chain. If the plant chose to produce exclusively Biodiesel, production of B100 Biodiesel would be enough for their diesel needs for 19 years, with a 78.4% cleaner fuel in terms of GHG. Approximations show that if all the cane mills add algae farms in Brazil, Biodiesel generation would be equivalent to almost 70% of the Brazilian production of diesel from 2012.
Electrochemical Study of the Protective Characteristics of CO2 Corrosion Product Layers for Steels API X80 and P110
Authors: Rojas Andrea H. , Ballesteros Adriana Forero , Bott I.S.
Published: March 2016

This work evaluate the protective characteristic of the CO2 corrosion product layers formed on the surface of two types of steels, API 5L X80 used for transportation of oil and gas, and API 5CT P110 used for case tubing and pipe for oil drilling.Electrochemistry evaluations and morphological characterization of the obtained layer were performed. These steels were exposed to a brine solution containing 3% wt of NaCl, in a pressurized autoclave with 55 bar of CO2 and total pressure of 75 bar at different temperatures (25, 50 and 75°C) and immersion times (7, 15, 21 and 30 days). The corrosion rate was determined by mass loss tests and electrochemical techniques, such as Linear Polarization Resistance and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Characteristics of the corrosion product layer such as thickness, morphology, and chemical composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion rate decreases with the increase of the immersion time and temperature, and the lower rate of corrosion was obtained for 75°C after 30 days of immersion, for both steels
Post-Combustion CO2 Capture from Exhaust Gas by Amines and Membranes
Authors: Tachy E. Diego , Andrade C.S. José , Neves B. Sérgio
Published: March 2016

There is a necessity to reduce GHG emission because climate change may have critical consequences in many places around the world. The main gas which causes climate change is CO2 which is released into atmosphere mainly by industries and vehicles. This research aims to compare two technologies for CO2 capture: chemical absorption with membranes, and to present hybrid processes using both of these. A review of the state of art for CO2 capture is used in this research. The capture by absorption with amines is the state of the art for post-combustion because it produces CO2 with higher purity and is cheaper. However, the energy and installation cost are high which does do not encourage its applicability. Membrane for CO2 capture from natural gas is promissory because of this. Thus, researchers have studied other technologies for CO2 capture to replace or add through including hybrid processes. Capture by membrane is a promising technology for this, provided that since it presents appropriate selectivity and permeability. This paper presents a comparison between CO2 capture by absorption with amines and by membranes. The goal is to discuss hybrid processes with these two technologies in series.
Evaluation of the Behavior of Hydrotalcite Like-Materials for CO2 Capture
Authors: Albuquerque Dantiele W.S. , Costa Elisângela S. , de Miranda Jussara L. , Gonçalves Rosana Drumond , de Moura Luiza Cristina
Published: March 2016

Several compounds are being investigated for CO2 capture, besides alkolamines, including solid materials as activated charcoal, zeolites, metal organic frameworks, metal oxides and hydrotalcites. Hydrotalcites, also called layered double hydroxides (LDHs), present some characteristics that are very interesting for CO2 capture, including their speed to achieve equilibrium and their high regeneration. These compounds can be represented by the general formula [M1-x2+Mx3+(OH)2]x+ [(An-)x/n.yH2O]x, where M2+ and M3+ are divalent metals and trivalent cations, respectively, and An- is an anion of valency n which occupies the interlayer region, and maintains electrical neutrality of these materials. In the present work, we have synthesized specific LDHs, thermally modified for CO2 sorption. LDH’s were synthesized intercalated with carbonate anions employing the heterogeneous precipitation method, also known as co precipitation method. After LDH's calcination at different temperatures, the formation of oxides was observed with different surface areas and therefore a varied adsorption capacity. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis. The maximum efficiency of CO2 adsorption was observed at reduced pressure with the calcined sample of LDH-CO3, Mg2Al which indicates that the material maintained stable and with a high crystallinity. These properties presented for LDH-CO3, Mg2Al synthesized in this work indicate that these materials can be good and also cheap candidates for CO2 capture.
Analysis of Natural Gas Production in Pre-Salt via Pipelines with MEG and Onshore Processing
Authors: de Almeida Jéssica dos Santos Cruz , de Medeiros José Luiz , de Araújo Ofélia Queiroz Fernandes
Published: March 2016

The exploration of pre-salt introduces challenges beyond those posed by ultra-deep waters and the thick of carbonaceous reservoirs. Among the main difficulties are the high gas-oil ratio and the high content of carbon dioxide (CO2) present in the gas. This paper proposes an alternative to the technology currently used in the exploration of pre-salt, in which the gas is treated on the platform. The proposed alternative is applicable to reservoirs which CO2 concentration in gas is greater than 50%, like Jupiter that contains 79% of CO2. For this scenario is suggested that exploration occurs in three production areas: subsea, offshore and onshore. The proposed technology includes the construction of three subsea pipelines: one for the transportation of untreated gas (that is treated onshore); a second for the return of the recovered hydrate inhibitor (in order to be re-injected into the gas pipe) and the last for the return of the carbon dioxide stream separated from the gas.
Application of Thermoeconomics for CO2 Allocation for Net Power and Useful Heat in a Gas Turbine Cogeneration System
Authors: dos Santos Rodrigo Guedes , Santos José Joaquim Conceição Soares , da Silva Julio A.M.
Published: March 2016

Thermoeconomics is a discipline that connects Thermodynamics and Economics concepts, usually used for rational cost assessment of the final products of a thermal plant, by means of a model which describes the cost formation process of the overall system. Generally, exergy or monetary costs of the external resources are distributed to the final products. However, environmental consideration can be incorporated in the models to calculate the environmental costs, such as specific CO2 emission of each final product. This work aims at demonstrating how the thermoeconomic models can be adapted or modified in order to allocate the overall CO2 emission of a gas turbine cogeneration system to the final products (net power and useful heat), in order to determine the specific CO2 emission (g/kWh) of each product. This subject is an important step in the applications of Life Cycle Assessment in plants with two or more products and also to quantify the environmental cogeneration advantage. It also reveals that any thermoeconomic model can be adapted for allocation of the overall CO2 emissions or any other pollutant to the final products of a multi-product plant.
IN MEMORIAM MARIO COMPORTI 1935-2014 (CO-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF SINCE 2009)
Authors: Pompella A. , Benedetti A. , Bracci R. , Galassi G.
Published: March 2016

Mario Comporti was born in Siena and earned a high school diploma (Classical studies) at the local Liceo Classico Enea Silvio Piccolomini. He was proud of this title, and always firmly considered classical studies an essential aspect in the education of young generations. Mario attended as a student at the University of Siena the Institute of Medical Pathology managed by Cesare Bartorelli, and was positively impressed by the ability of many physicians of the Institute to connect the scientific research with the medical-care activity. That was the time period when research first captivated him, to follow him for the rest of his subsequent life. Comporti graduated with honours in 1960, and then worked as Assistant professor at the Institutes of General Pathology of Siena and Turin.

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IN SEARCH OF THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASIS OF DIVERGENT THINKING
Authors: Rossi A. , Sprugnoli G. , Santarnecchi E.
Published: March 2016

Human mind can follow two opposite types of reasoning in everyday life as well as in science: convergent thinking, as the ability to get the unique solution to a problem, or divergent thinking, the ability to elaborate different answer to a question. The latter is usually considered as an essential feature of the “creative mind”, together with Insight, an unpredictable and unexpected moment of exceptional thinking commonly reported as the “Eureka!" experience. During such processing, an unconscious reorganization process of previously unrelated problem elements is made and when the solution finally emerges to consciousness, the subject is not able to explain how he/she reached it. Because of its unpredictable and unconscious nature, as well as its connection with creativity and scientific discoveries, the definition and evaluation of insight is now one of the biggest challenges for modern cognitive neuroscience. Neurophysiological evidence begins to arise, making the enhancement of creativity thinking using non-invasive neuromodulation techniques a plausible future scenario.
A CASE OF APPENDIX CARCINOID IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT. A SUBTILE CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Authors: Bindi E. , Angotti R. , Bulotta A.L. , Sica M. , Cerchia E. , Molinaro F. , Messina M.
Published: March 2016

The appendix carcinoid, although rare (with an incidence of 0,08%), is the more frequent gastrointestinal tumor in children and teen. In most cases these tumors cannot be diagnosed or they can be incidentally found during a surgical exploration for acute abdomen. Only in few cases there are symptoms of a carcinoid’s syndrome (flushing, diarrhea and wheezing). In this work we present the manegement of a patient with an appendix carcinoid revealed during an appendicectomy performed for a peritonitis caused by a perforated appendicitis, underlining the importance of diagnosis and long term follow-up.
Groundwater geochemistry, upper Notukeu Creek Basin, Saskatchewan
Authors: Parsons M L
Published: March 2016

Groundwater in the upper Notukeu Creek basin consists basically of four chemical types, which are correlated to sediments within the Upper Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Pleistocene strata. Depending on the predominant ions present, these chemical types are
calcium-magnesium sulphate, calcium- magnesium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium sulphate . The significant geochemical processes are solution of carbonates and sulphates and cation exchange . The effect of these processes on the genesis of the chemical character of the groundwater is best
understood by considering groundwater movement.
A geochemical orientation survey for uranium of the Montreal River area, District of Algoma, Ontario
Authors: Coker W B
Published: March 2016

On a effectué en 1975 des études géochimiques détaillées. pour déterminer le mode de distribution et les auréoles de dispersion de l'uranium, des métaux de base, et des éléments associés qui pourraient se
trouver dans la roche en place, les terrains de couverture, les eaux lacustres et fluviatiles, et enfin dans les sédiments d'un secteur englobant les townships de Slater, Smilsky, Rix, Peever, Labelle et Labonté (district d'Algoma. Ontario). Dans une série d'échantillons. on a
dosé sélectivement, par diverses méthodes, les éléments suivants: Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni. Co. Ag. Mu. As, Mo. Fe, Hg, Sr, Ba, Ti, Al. Ca, Mg. K, V, Cr, Be, La, Y, et U. Le mode de distribution à l'échelle régionale des divers éléments contenus dans les eaux
et sédiments lacustres, fluviatiles, indique que les minéralisations uranifères sont associées aux dykes de diabase, à des variations chimiques de la lithologie du soubassement, ainsi qu'à des variations physicochimiques des eaux de la région étudiée. On
a constaté qu'il était plutôt avantageux d'interpréter les auréoles de dispersion hydrogéochimiques d'après les associations d'éléments définies en fonction d'assemblages minéraux secondaires et accessoires, une fois connus les
minéralisations. la lithologie de la roche en place. et les caractéristiques physicochimiques des eaux de la région. On peut effectuer avec un maximum d'efficacité l'exploration des minéralisations uranifères et en métaux de base, en utilisant les sédiments
lacustres comme matériau d'échantillonnage. L'analyse des eaux lacustres apportera des indications supplémentaires lors de l'exploration préliminaire des minéralisations uranifères. Pour l'exploration détaillée, on examinera les eaux et sédiments
lacustres ou fluviatiles. Les sédiments lacustres et fluviatiles conviennent le mieux à l'exploration détaillée des métaux de base.
Precambrian geology of Hecla-carroll map area, Manitoba-ontario (62p E1/2, 52m W1/2)
Authors: Ermanovics I F
Published: March 2016

This report describes an area of Archean rocks east of Lake Winnipeg. Basic to intermediate lavas, irrupted onto a gneissic terrain, and psammitic and pelitic rocks deposited on a basement of lava, were intruded by granodiorite. Mineralization associated with
quartz veins cutting the older sedimentary and volcanic rocks occurred 2, 720 .± 185 m. y . ago. Later periods of intrusions resulted in other groups of igneous rocks, the youngest being massive. quartz monzonite. With the closing of San Antonio gold mine in 1968 active mining in the area
ceased but claim- development work is active in most areas underlain by granodioritic rocks adjacent to metasedimentary and volcanic rocks.
Geochemical studies in the surficial environment of the beaverlodge area, Saskatchewan, part A. The geochemistry of U, Ra, Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni, part B. A comparison of geochemical exploration methods-Lake versus stream sampling
Authors: Dyck W
Published: March 2016

Stream sediments and stream waters collected at a sampling density of one sample per square mile from 500 square miles in the Beaver lodge area of Saskatchewan were analyzed for a number of trace and minor elements. Raw data of U, Ra, Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni presented
in a set of contour maps show increased levels of elements near uranium deposits with regional background values (geometric means) of 5. 1, 0. 7 (pc/g), 24. 6, 11. 4, 4. 5, and 11. 2, ppm, respectively. Multiple regression analysis of the data shows that from one quarter to one half of the variance
of the trace element content is due to the organic matter, Fe, and Mn contents of the sediments. Removing the effect of these variables from the data does not change the distribution patterns of the trace elements but reduces the areal size of some anomalies. Due to occurrence of uranium deposits in
the area and the complexing action of carbonates and bicarbonates, U is the most abundant of the trace elements studied in the surface waters of the area. The analyses of 96 rocks from the area show than Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni are closely associated with hornblende and biotite, whereas U and Ra are not.
The concentration of Ra, Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni is slightly higher in rocks than in the minus 60 mesh fraction of the stream sediments, whereas the U concentration is considerably lower. An extreme case of radioactive disequilibrium is exhibited by the stream sediments and the rocks of the area. Whereas
stream sediments contain over twice as much U determined fluorimetrically as U determined radiometrically, the rocks contain nearly four times as much radiometric U as total U determined fluorimetrically.
Analysis of rocks and minerals using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, part 5. an improved Lithium-Fluoborate scheme for fourteen elements
Authors: Abbey S , Lee N J , Bouvier J L
Published: March 2016

The "lithium-fluoborate" analytical scheme has been extended to cover fourteen elements . In the decomposition technique, fusion in platinum has been replaced by fusion in graphite . Silica determination has been improved by introducing a differential
colorimetric procedure. Results obtained by the proposed method on international reference samples are compared with those reported in the literature, where similar methods were used. Possible further extension of the scheme is discussed.
Extraction of uranium from aqueous solutions by coals of different rank and petrographic composition
Authors: Cameron A R , Leclair G
Published: March 2016

A series of laboratory tests was run to test the uranium extraction capabilities of coals of different rank and petrographic composition. Coals of five different ranks, ranging from lignite to low volatile bituminous, were used and each rank was represented by a
vitrinite-rich and fusinite-rich fraction. A sample of coke made from low volatile coal also was tested. The samples were crushed and the -70 to +140 mesh fractions were immersed in solutions of known uranium content for a period of 32 days. Periodic checks were made to measure degree of uranium
removal and pH. The coke, lignite and subbituminous samples were the most effective in removing uranium from solution. The fusinite- rich samples were better in this regard than were the vitrinite-rich samples, especially from the higher rank coals. However, this influence of rank and petrographic
composition on uranium removal is closely tied to the acidity of the immersing solutions; mixtures with lower pH values removed less uranium from solution than did those which were more alkaline.
Magnetic properties of pyrrhotite and their use in applied geology and geophysics
Authors: Schwarz E J
Published: March 2016

This paper presents an overview of magnetic properties of pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS, 05 x 50.13) of interest in geological and geophysical applications. The first part shows the strong dependence of the relevant magnetic properties on the chemical composition, and
cation vacancy ordering, and standards are set up for the analysis of natural pyrrhotites . The thermomagnetic method of analysis for composition is diseussed in comparison with other existing methods. In the second part a number of practical applications are discussed including the spatial
distribution of pyrrhotite types, both in massive sulphide deposits and in relation to types of wall- rocks, remanent magnetization, fabric, and type of concomitant magnetic anomaly expected. The third part presents a theoretical consideration of the dependence of the free energy on vacancy
ordering. Calculation of the average atomic magnetic moment in Fe7S3 suggests that considerable non-ionic bonding takes place in the structure.
The gravity and magnetic fields of Atlantic offshore Canada
Authors: Haworth R T , MacIntyre J B
Published: March 2016

Gravity and magnetic field data collected along approximately 150,000 km of closely spaced ship's tracks off the Atlantic coast of Canada have been compiled at a scale of 1 :1,000,000 and set against a background of data collected on a more regional scale. The
maps reflect two major flexed lineations. In the west, the Appalachian front is flexed from Gaspe through the Gulf of St. Lawrence to western Newfoundland. In the east, geophysical trends across the Avalon Platform of Newfoundland are shown to be part of major flexed lineations extending from the
Northeast Newfoundland Shelf towards the southern edge of the Grand Banks. The flexures possibly result from Paleozoic continental collision. Gravity anomalies on the Grand Banks define the limit of continental crust, and suggest extensive subsidence of that crust northeast of
Newfoundland.
Mineralization processes in Archean Greenstone and Sedimentary Belts
Authors: Boyle R W
Published: March 2016

The principal types of mineral deposits in Archean greens tone belts and their associated sedimentary terranes are briefly described and their probable origins outlined. They comprise iron formations, manganese formations, gold - quartz deposits, arsenic and
antimony deposits, tungsten deposits, massive and disseminated Fe-Cu-Zn and Ni-Cu-Co sulphide bodies, disseminated Cu-Mo sulphide deposits, chromite deposits, chrysotile asbestos bodies, and pegmatites. The Archean iron formations are sedimentary rocks, whose volatile components (CO 2, S) originated
from extensive degassing of volcanic flows in a submarine environment and whose principal constituents such as silica and iron were derived from the submarine leaching of ignimbrites and tuffs aided mainly by the solubilizing action of CO 2, H 2so 4, and HCl. The manganese in certain Archean
manganiferous deposits may have had a similar origin in some belts, although many of the economic deposits in India appear to be chemical sediments derived by normal weathering processes. The gold-quartz deposits, arsenic and antimony deposits, tungsten deposits, massive and disseminated sulphide
bodies, and pegmatites were derived by various mechanisms involving metamorphic secretion processes.
Mollusca of the Strait of Canso area
Authors: Wagner F J E
Published: March 2016

Molluscs collected from the Strait of Canso in 1973 as part of the study undertaken by the Environmental Marine Geo logy Section of the Atlantic Geoscience Centre are useful indicators of environmental change in the area. Differences in the surface faunas
compared with the uniform fauna representation below a 10 to 25 cm barren zone observed in cores taken north and south of the causeway show the marked effect the causeway, completed· in 1954, has had on the marine environment. In the Strait south of Point Tupper, a thin (5 to 10 cm. ) barren zo
ne overlies mollusc-bearing sediments and delimits the extent of the area affected by industries located along the eastern shore of the Strait. Exotic species mixed with endemic species in several of the cores may indicate the presence of interglacial or reworked interglacial deposits in the
area.
Geology of Fort Grahame E1/2 map-area, British Columbia
Authors: Gabrielse H
Published: March 2016

Fort Grahamc cast -half map-area (94C E 1/2, bounded by latitudes 56 and 57 and longitudes 124° and 125° in north- central British Columbia, embraces parts of Omineca and Rocky mountains and is bisected diagonally by the north-northwesterly
trending· Rocky Mountain Trench. The floor of the Trench in the map-area is now flooded by Williston Lake created by the W. A. C. Bennett dam on Peace River . About three quarters of the map-area is underlain by strata of late Proterozoic age assigned to the lngenika and misinchinka groups.
These rocks, dominantly elastic in the lower part but containing at least one important carbonate unit in the upper part, are similar to those of the Upper Protcrozoic Kaza Group and lower part of the Cal'iboo Group in Cariboo fountains. They arc regionally metamorphosed to facics ranging from
subgreenschist to amphibolitc. Lower Paleozoic strata in Ornincca .Mountains are relatively thin as they are in Cassiar mountains farther north. They comprise Lower Cambrian elastic and minor carbonate beds, possible Ordovician calcareous shale and siltstone and silty limestone, and very well
bedded, in part laminated Silurian (?) and Devonian dolomite. Overlying rocks consist of late Paleozoic slate, bedded chert, minor limestone and a thick sequence of basic volcanics. In northern Rocky mountains a well differentiated and locally highly fossiliferous Cambrian succession, typical of
Cambrian sequences farther south in Rocky Mountains , is overlain by a thick unit of Lower Ordovician nodular, silty limestone that forms many of the high peaks in the region. GL'aptolitic siltstone and shale of mid- Ordovician to early Devonian age is locally capped by a persistent middle Devonian
carbonate unit. Probable Lower Tertiary conglomerate and finer grained nonmarine elastic rocks outcrop here and there in Rocky Mountain Trench and in the valley occupied by Mesilinka and Omineca rivers. Structures northeast of Rocky i\1ountain Trench in general show a northcasterly directed
asymmetry whereas those west of the trench arc commonly weste1°ly directed. The northern Rocky Mountain Trench is therefore, in this area, a zone of structural divergence. Several lead-zinc showings have been explored in the Silurian-Devonian carbonates near Osilinka River and mica has been
mined on a small scale in the northern part of Butler Range.
Gravity and magnetic fields of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada
Authors: Haworth R T , MacIntyre J B
Published: March 2016

Gravity and magnetic field data collected along approximately 55 OOO km of closely spaced ship's tracks in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. have been compiled at a scale of I: I OOO OOO and set aga inst a background of data collected on a more regional scale.
The Canadian Shield is characterized by low Bougucr gravity anomalies and short wavelength magnetic anomalies. Localized gravity lows within the shield are produced by granites and anorthosites, whereas highs arc produced by gabbros. A sinuous band in which there are high gradients in the gravity
and magnetic fields shows a regional correlation with the boundary between the Canadian Shield and the Appalachian Orogen. and is interpreted as indicating the eastern limit of the early Paleozoic continental crust. Within the Appalachian Orogen the gravity and magnetic anomalies are predominantly
lineated southwest- northcast. indicating the trend of faults initiated parallel to the Paleozoic margin during the final stages of continental collision.
A seismic study of surficial deposits in the Winkler area, Manitoba
Authors: Burke K B S , Hobson G D
Published: March 2016

The surficial deposits of the Winkler area, southern Manitoba, were investigated by a series of seismic experiment s. Clay, gravel , sand, silt and till units overlie a bedrock of limes tone, sandstone and shale. Within the survey area is northwest trending,
glaciofluvial, sand and gravel deposit that was located by electric resistivity measurements and which is a major source of groundwater. The seismic model established by uphole wavefront investigations showed that a thin, high velocity, till unit was the only consistent source of first arrival
headwaves in the overburden. A till unit beneath the sand and gravel deposit gave rise to secondary arrivals. Two other refractors were identified in refraction profiles and were associated with a shale unit and a limes tone unit. The dips on these refractors suggest a bedrock depression underlying
the sand and gravel deposit. A study of three-component particle motion at the site of the uphole wave front investigation s showed the absence of a direct compressional wave at shot detector distances of less than 150 feet. The directly travelling energy is instead carried in the form of a coupled
surface wave with a down -away, up - toward particle motion.
A calibration procedure for an airborne gamma-ray spectrometer
Authors: Grasty R L
Published: March 2016

This paper describes the procedure adopted by the Geological Survey of Canada in converting airborne gamma-ray spectrometry measurements to equivalent ground concentrations. Spectral stripping corrections are measured experimentally at ground level using large
calibration slabs and then calculated theoretically at aircraft altitude with the assumption that the source of radiation is uniform and infinite in extent. Altitude corrections, carried out exponentially, and the conversion of the correction data to ground concentration is achieved by using
experimental data at different altitudes over a uniformly radioactive test strip of known composition. It is shown that this calibration procedure is adequate in most practical circumstances but can be appreciably in error for radioactive sources whose diameters are much less than 600
m.
The Dunedin formation : a transgressive shelf carbonate sequence
Authors: Morrow D W
Published: March 2016

The Middle Devonian Dunedin Formation of northeastern British Columbia can be divided conveniently into two lithofacies: a dolomitic wackestone facies, and a grainstone-wackestone facies. The dolomitic wackestone facies forms the lower third of the Dunedin and is
composed of peritidal deposits, including a variety of beach ridge deposits. Low beach ridges formed laminated beds whereas high beach ridges formed conglomeratic, festooned beds. The overlying grainstone-wackestone facies is characterized by subtidal shoal and intershoal deposits. These two facies
can be identified both in outcrop sections and in well sections. The shoreface deposits of the dolomitic wackestone facies at the base of the Dunedin Formation progressively onlapped southward onto subaerially exposed Stone Formation dolomite. Contemporaneous shelf deposits of the
grainstone-wackestone facies were deposited farther north, offshore from shoreface deposits of the dolomitic wackestone facies.
Computer program for the logistic model to estimate the probability of occurrence of discrete events
Authors: Chung C F
Published: March 2016

A FORTRAN computer program has been written for obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates of unknown parameters in the logistic response model. It uses the method of scoring. The logistic model is a more appropriate model and may give better results than the
standard linear model for estimating the probability of occurrence of a discrete event as a function of several explanatory variables. The method is applied to describe the occurrence of volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in Newfoundland in terms of 17 selected geological
variables.
Système d'information géoscientifique de la région nord de Montréal
Authors: Kugler-gagnon M
Published: March 2016

Le système d'information géoscientifique de la région nord de Montréal a été concu pour fournir l'information de base pour l'élaboration du plan régional d'affectation des sols. Il est constitué d'une banque de
données géologiques, géotechniques et géomorphologiques, de programmes de tri, de cartographie (Symap V) et de combinaison. Le système produit des cartes de données brutes ou des cartes interprétées. Les cartes interprétées sont Je résultat,
soit de l'addition de cartes de variables pondérées, soit d'une méthode de combinaison qui fait intervenir une pondération entre les variables.
Stratigraphy of central and eastern Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada, part III. upper ordovician (richmondian), silurian and devonian
Authors: Kerr J W
Published: March 2016

The Franklinian Miogeosyncline and adjacent Central Stable Region in central and eastern Ellesmere Island contain a succession of Proterozoic to Upper Devonian rocks. The succession has been separated into three divisions for descriptive purposes, and published
reports by the writer (Kerr, 196 7a, 1968) on the first two divisions comprise information on formations of Proterozoic and Cambrian, and of Ordovician ages, respectively. The third division comprises formations of Late Ordovician (Richmondian), Silurian, and Devonian ages; their composition and
general distribution are outlined in this report. This third division represents the final depositional phase of the Franklinian ~liogeosyncline in \\'hich it was gradually filled, narrowed, and then terminated by folding. The base of the third division lies on a distinctive marker, the Irene
Bay Formation. The lrnver part of the division contains three facies belts. The Allen Bay Formation and overlying Read Bay Formation together range in age from Late Ordovician to Early Devonian and consist largely of carbonate rocks. Westward, these carbonates grade upward to graptolitic shale of
the Cape Phillips Formation and then to fine-grained, deepwater elastic rocks of the Imina Formation. Major bodies of carbonate strata occur partly or completely isolated in the shale belt. During deposition of the lower part of this division, the Franklinian Miogeosyncline was very broad and
included the entire study-area. In Early Devonian time, the Central Stable Region was expanded westward at the expense of the miogeosyncline by the development of a flexure within the study-area. From that time on, there 1vas a substantial thickness increase westward over the flexure. The Bache
Peninsula Arch is a westward projection of the Central Stable Region into the miogeosyncline. In Early through Late Devonian time, the miogeosyncline was progressively infilled with elastic sediments from both sides. From the west came flysch-like sediments of the Imina Formation and no lasse-like
sediments of the Okse Bay Formation. From the east came sediments comprising the Vendom Fiord Formation and, perhaps, part of the Okse Bay Forriation . The Blue Fiord Formation is an Earl y and possible Middle Devonian reefal carbonate that was surrounded and finally enveloped by elastic sediments.
The sedimentary column in the study-area represents the last depositional stages of the Franklinian Miogeosyncline as that belt was filled and ceased to be a sedimentary basin. Devonian elastic rocks in the upper part of this column are precursors of the Ellesrierian Orogeny. This entire column was
finally folded by southeast1;ard-directed deformation of that orogeny.
Niobium (columbium) and tantalum in Canada
Authors: Dawson K R
Published: March 2016

The history of the discovery and development of the niobium (columbium) and tantalum resources of Canada has spanned ninety years (1882-1972) during which these minerals advanced from being mineral curiosities, through the stage of being the byproduct of other
commodity searches and are now the main product of two mines, Occurrences and deposits of niobium and tantalum have been reported from most province5 and territories of Canada, At least 256 deposits are known and of these 12 have published reserves of niobium and 3 estimates for tantalum: 172 of the
deposits are pegmatitic , 64 are alkaline syenite-carbonatite complexes, 3 are p l acers , and 17 are u11defined types, The complexes have become the most promising source of future mining production since their geological characteristics were first recognized in the early l 950 ' s . Niobium
(pyrochlore) concentrates have been mined at Oka, Quebec by the St. Lawrence Columbium and Metals Corporation from an a lkaline syenite - carbonatite complex since 1961. Tantalum (wodginite) has been .recovered from a large zoned granite pegmatite at Bernie Lake, Manitoba by the Tantalum Mining
Corporation of Canada since 1969.
Lower Cambrian Archeocyathid buildups, Pelly Mountains, Yukon
Authors: Read B C
Published: March 2016

The Lower Cambrian succession in the Ketza River area, central Yukon, includes carbonate and terrigenous elastic rocks of predominantly shallow marine lithof acies. They were deposited as part of the middle carbonate facies belt on the continental shelf at the
west edge of the North American craton. The succession ranges in age from early Early to late Early Cambrian and is 700 m thick. Detailed field and laboratory studies allow recognition of five lithostratigraphic subdivisions. In ascending order, these divisions and the depositional environments
represented by them are: (a) intermittently agitated to qui et-water, fine grained terrigenous elastics; (b) restricted marine fine grained carbonates; ( c) qui et-water, restricted to normal marine fine grained terrigenous elastics and minor carbonates; (d) qui et-water to intermittently agitated,
subtidal carbonates and minor fine grained terrigenous elastics; ( e) intermittently agitated, subtidal. fine grained, terrigenous elastics and carbonates. Carbonate buildups, largely of organic origin, occur in the two upper subdivisions of these Lower Cambrian rocks. Those of (d), constructed by
archaeocyathids and an encrusting algal-like organism, possibly Rena leis, are "potential reef s" because they had a rigid organic framework capable of withstanding limited intermittent turbulence. The reefs grew in quiet water below the surf zone and probably below normal wave base, but were
periodically subjected to agitation during storms. The dominant reef archa eocyathids include Pycnoidocyathus, Protopharetra and Coscinocyathus. Altaicyathus?, al so found locally in the reefs, is remarkably like Stromatoporoidea, suggesting that representatives of this order occurred in carbonate
buildups as old as the Early Cambrian. The buildups of subdivision ( e) are archaeocyathid mud "banks" with similar fauna as the reefs. Renalcis? is present but did not bind the archa eocyathids and these buildups lack a rigid, organic framework. The banks grew in an intermittently agitated
environment that may have inhibited binding by Renalcis?.
A mobile spectrographic laboratory
Authors: Holman R H C , Durham C C
Published: March 2016

A mobile spectrographic laboratory mounted in a house trailer is described. The laboratory may be hauled by road to a field site and set up to provide spectrographic analyses of geological materials shortly after collection. All instruments are easily removed
from the trailer at the end of a field program for installation in a permanent laboratory.
Fossil decapod crustaceans of Canada
Authors: Feldmann R M , McPherson C B
Published: March 2016

Examination of type and non-type material of fossil decapod crustaceans collected from Canada has resulted in the description of two new species , Glyphea robusta and G. jeletzkyi from Lower Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks of Arctic Canada; reassignment of
three taxa to other genera, Erymastacus bordenensis Copeland to Eryma, Eryma dawsoni Woodward to Phlyctisoma, and Hoploparia westoni Woodward to Palaeonephrops; and suppression of one taxon, Palaeastacus(?) ornatus Whiteaves as a nomenoblitum . One of the newly described species, Glyphea robusta
exhibits not only the complete exoskeleton but also an exceptionally well preserved endoskeJeton, the second such known to be described in decapod literature. A total of thirteen species of decapods, arranged in nine genera and seven families are recorded from Canada.