bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The survivorship tsunami: Sustainability of current models of follow-up care.
Authors: Mayer Deborah , Knafl George , Fitzpatrick Brendan , Nevidjon Brenda Marion
Published: May 2018

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Background: Annual statistics describe the number of anticipated new cancer cases and deaths as well as the prevalence of those living with cancer. In practice, the number of new cases is used as a proxy for cancer program size, planning program growth and determining workforce needs. While the number of new cases and prevalence has been growing linearly, it may be a poor measure for anticipating health care workforce and clinical resource needs. We explored modeling growth curves of follow-up visits based on anticipated number of new cases alone or with follow-up visits to compare these two approaches. Methods: We used the following assumptions in creating the growth curves: 1) only 50% of new cancer cases would be counted to adjust for those with metastatic disease or different follow-up schedules; 2) the first year of diagnosis would be considered treatment; 3) a common solid tumor follow-up regimen would be used that included 4 visits in year 2, 3 visits in year 3, 2 visits in year 2 and 1 visit in year 5 and thereafter; and 4) new cases would grow at a rate of 10%/year. We then modeled discharging the 50% included in the model at 5 or 10 years. We did not factor in existing patients being seen in a program. Results: If a program had 5,000 new cases in the first year, with a 10% annual growth, there would be 11,790 new cases at 10 years. If you just looked at the 50% receiving follow-up care for 10 years after diagnosis, there would be 35,928 follow-up visits at 5 years and 70,662 visits at 10 years. If you just looked at the 50% receiving follow-up care for only 5 years after diagnosis, there would be 33,428 follow-up visits at 5 years and 53,870 visits at 10 years. Further analysis based on different program sizes and assumptions will be presented. Conclusions: Planning workforce and clinical resources based on number of new cancer cases alone will be inadequate to predict those needs. Risk based modeling and triage will be needed in a new model of follow-up or survivorship care that remains to be developed, tested and deployed to avoid a crisis in cancer survivorship care.
Subcutaneous Fat Fibrosis Links Obesity to Insulin Resistance in Chinese Americans
Authors: Alba Diana L , Farooq Jeffrey A , Lin Matthew Y C , Schafer Anne L , Shepherd John , Koliwad Suneil K
Published: May 2018

Objective

Type 2 diabetes presents at a lower body mass index (BMI) in Chinese individuals than in white individuals. We sought to determine the role of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT)–intrinsic factors, vs BMI or adiposity per se, in the vulnerability of Chinese individuals to obesity-associated impairment of insulin sensitivity.

Research Design and Methods

Thirty-two Chinese and 30 white men and women from a cohort in the San Francisco Bay Area underwent anthropometric measurements, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) analyses, and measurement of fasting plasma glucose and insulin. Forty-eight also provided abdominal SCAT samples for transcriptional and biochemical analyses of tissue fibrosis.

Results

BMI correlated with total body fat in white (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) but not Chinese individuals, whereas BMI correlated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accrual in both ethnicities (r = 0.88 and 0.81, respectively; P < 0.01). Insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) worsened with VAT mass, but not total body fat, in Chinese subjects (r = 0.63, P < 0.01), whereas it worsened with both in white individuals. By contrast, SCAT mRNA levels of genes encoding profibrotic proteins rose remarkably along with both BMI and VAT mass in Chinese but not white subjects. Similarly, SCAT levels of hydroxyproline, an indicator of tissue collagen content that correlated with increasing VAT mass, were higher in Chinese vs white subjects, particularly in the setting of relative insulin resistance.

Conclusions

Our findings dissociate BMI from adiposity in Chinese individuals and instead highlight SCAT fibrosis as a process linked to visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in this group.
Impact of Thyroid Hormone Therapy on Atherosclerosis in the Elderly With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Blum Manuel R , Gencer Baris , Adam Luise , Feller Martin , Collet Tinh-Hai , da Costa Bruno R , Moutzouri Elisavet , Dopheide Jörn , Depairon Michèle , Sykiotis Gerasimos P , Kearney Patricia , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Westendorp Rudi , Stott David J , Bauer Douglas C , Rodondi Nicolas
Published: May 2018

Context

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) has been associated with atherosclerosis, but no conclusive clinical trials assessing the levothyroxine impact on carotid atherosclerosis exist.

Objective

To assess the impact of treatment of SHypo with levothyroxine on carotid atherosclerosis.

Design and Setting

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial nested within the Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Subclinical Hypothyroidism trial.

Participants

Participants aged ≥65 years with SHypo [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 4.60 to 19.99 mIU/L; free thyroxine level within reference range].

Intervention

Levothyroxine dose-titrated to achieve TSH normalization or placebo, including mock titrations.

Main Outcome Measures

Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), maximum plaque thickness measured with ultrasound.

Results

One hundred eighty-five participants (mean age 74.1 years, 47% women, 96 randomized to levothyroxine) underwent carotid ultrasound. Overall mean TSH ± SD was 6.35 ± 1.95 mIU/L at baseline and decreased to 3.55 ± 2.14 mIU/L with levothyroxine compared with 5.29 ± 2.21 mIU/L with placebo (P < 0.001). After a median treatment of 18.4 months (interquartile range 12.2 to 30.0 months), mean CIMT was 0.85 ± 0.14 mm under levothyroxine and 0.82 ± 0.13 mm under placebo [between-group difference = 0.02 mm; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.06; P = 0.30]. The proportion of carotid plaque was similar (n = 135; 70.8% under levothyroxine and 75.3% under placebo; P = 0.46). Maximum carotid plaque thickness was 2.38 ± 0.92 mm under levothyroxine and 2.37 ± 0.91 mm under placebo (between-group difference −0.03; 95% CI, −0.34 to 0.29; P = 0.86). There were no significant interactions between levothyroxine treatment and mean CIMT, according to sex, baseline TSH (categories 4.6 to 6.9, 7.0 to 9.9, and ≥10 mIU/L), or established cardiovascular disease (all P for interaction ≥ 0.14).

Conclusion

Normalization of TSH with levothyroxine was associated with no difference in CIMT and carotid atherosclerosis in older persons with SHypo.
Increased Risk of Sudden Sensory Neural Hearing Loss in Osteoporosis: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study
Authors: Kim So Young , Kong Il Gyu , Lim Hyun , Choi Hyo Geun
Published: May 2018

Context

The results of a previous population cohort study suggested an association between osteoporosis and sudden sensory neural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Objectives

To use a nationwide cohort in the Korean population to investigate the risk of SSNHL in patients with osteoporosis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Data entered from 2002 to 2013 were collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. A total of 68,241 patients with osteoporosis aged ≥50 years were matched with 68,241 control individuals. The crude (simple) and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of SSNHL in those with osteoporosis were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model. A subgroup analysis was performed according to age and sex.

Results

The risk of SSNHL was greater in the osteoporosis group than in the control group (adjusted HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.37 to 1.78; P < 0.001). The risk of SSNHL in those with osteoporosis was greater in patients aged <60 years, regardless of sex. Women aged ≥60 years had a higher HR for SSNHL in the presence of osteoporosis (women aged 60 to 69 years: adjusted HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.08; P < 0.001; women aged ≥70 years: adjusted HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.79; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The risk of SSNHL was greater for patients with osteoporosis aged ≥50 years. Middle-age adults, as well as the elderly, are at an increased risk of SSNHL in the presence of osteoporosis.
Transverse anisotropy in the deformation of the muscle during dynamic contractions
Authors: Randhawa Avleen , Wakeling James M.
Published: May 2018

When pennate muscle fibres shorten, the transverse deformation of fibres results in an increase in pennation angle of fascicles (bundles of fibres) and transverse deformation of muscle belly. Transverse shape changes of a muscle can influence force generation. Recent modelling studies predicted asymmetrical transverse deformations in the muscle fascicles in the gastrocnemii. However, these predictions have not been tested experimentally. Since muscle is a 3D entity it is important to explore the structural changes in a 3D perspective to enhance our understanding of the underlying structural mechanisms that have functional implications.

The medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles from 12 subjects were imaged during plantarflexion movements on a dynamometer. The muscle belly was simultaneously scanned from two orthogonal directions using two ultrasound probes. Fascicle deformations were measured from the two orthogonal ultrasound scans to provide 3D information of muscle geometry.

Whilst transverse deformations in the medial gastrocnemius were similar from the two directions, the data for the lateral gastrocnemius confirm that transverse anisotropy can occur in the muscle fascicles. As the lateral gastrocnemius fascicle length shortened, the pennation angle increased and the fascicles bulged transversally in one direction (closest to the typical 2D scanning plane) while thinning in other orthogonal direction. It is suggested that the transverse deformation of the muscle fascicles depends on the stiffness of the aponeuroses, properties of connective tissue structures surrounding muscle, and compressive forces both internal and external to the muscle. These results highlight that muscle fascicles do not bulge uniformly and the implications for this behavior on muscle function remain largely unexplored.
Low thermal dependence of the contractile properties of a wing muscle in the batCarollia perspicillata
Authors: Rummel Andrea D. , Swartz Sharon M. , Marsh Richard L.
Published: May 2018

Temperature affects contractile rate properties in muscle, which may affect locomotor performance. Endotherms are known to maintain high core body temperatures, but temperatures in the periphery of the body can fluctuate. Such a phenomenon occurs in bats, whose wing musculature is relatively poorly insulated, resulting in substantially depressed temperatures in the distal wing. We examined a wing muscle in the small-bodied tropical bat Carollia perspicillata and a hindlimb muscle in the laboratory mouse at 5°C intervals from 22 to 42°C to determine the thermal dependence of the contractile properties of both muscles. We found that the bat ECRL had low thermal dependence from near body temperature to 10°C lower, with Q10 values of less than 1.5 for relaxation from contraction and shortening velocities in that interval, and with no significant difference in some rate properties in the interval between 32 and 37°C. In contrast, for all temperature intervals below 37°C, Q10 values for the mouse EDL were 1.5 or higher, and rate properties differed significantly across successive temperature intervals from 37 to 22°C. An ANCOVA analysis found that the thermal dependencies of all measured isometric and isotonic rate processes were significantly different between the bat and mouse muscles. The relatively low thermal dependence of the bat muscle likely represents a downward shift of its optimal temperature and may be functionally significant in light of the variable operating temperatures of bat wing muscles.
Adequacy of food consumption in elderly Alzheimer’s disease in a community of Southern Brazil: a Cross-sectional study
Authors: Hilgemberg Glaucia Renee , Silva Aline Jacoski de Oliveira Krüger da , Fermino Bárbara Luisa , Diedrich Camila , Benincá Simone Carla , Pinheiro Débora Fernandes , Ivanski Flávia , Santos Fernando Sluchensci dos , Silva Weber Cláudio Francisco Nunes da , Mazur Caryna Eurich , Fabbri Roberta , Bonini Juliana Sartori
Published: May 2018

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, with a multifactorial etiology, in which the person has great difficulty identifying feelings of hunger, satiety, and feeding, which may affect their nutritional status. Pathologically, it is associated with neurodegeneration of synapses followed by neuronal loss, accompanied by glial proliferation surrounded by neurofibrillary tangles, beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposition, inflammation and cerebrovascular injury hindering the ability to perform activities of daily living. This study aimed to analyze quantitatively the differences between an elderly group with AD and a control group, in terms of macro and micronutrient consumption evaluation.

Methods: the study involved 69 participants who were assessed via collection of anthropometric measurements (weight, height and body mass index) with nutritional status being assessed by 24-hour food recall and three-day food record. Cognitive assessments were performed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Ranting (CDR).

Results: The intake of lipids in patients with severe dementia, was lower (p <0.05). The consumption of proteins showed a decrease with demential advance. For vitamins, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) in the amount of thiamine, niacin, vitamin D, E and K and calcium, chromium and iodine minerals, which were significantly reduced in AD patients (p <0.05).

Conclusions: Decreases in macronutrient and micronutrient consumption may result in a consequent impairment of nutritional status, dementia progression, and decreased quality and life expectancy of elderly patients with AD.
Using electronic biology based platform to predict flu vaccine efficacy for 2018/2019
Authors: Paessler Slobodan , Veljkovic Veljko
Published: May 2018

Flu epidemics and potential pandemics pose great challenges to public health institutions, scientists and vaccine producers. Creating right vaccine composition for different parts of the world is not trivial and has been historically very problematic. This often resulted in decrease in vaccinations and reduced trust in public health officials. To improve future protection of population against flu we urgently need new methods for vaccine efficacy prediction and vaccine virus selection.
Smoking Cessation After Hospital Discharge: Factors Associated With Abstinence
Authors: Streck Joanna M. , Chang Yuchiao , Tindle Hilary A. , Regan Susan , Park Elyse R. , Levy Douglas E. , Singer Daniel E. , Ylioja Thomas , Rigotti Nancy A.
Published: May 2018

Hospitalization offers tobacco smokers an opportunity to quit smoking, but factors associated with abstinence from tobacco after hospital discharge are poorly understood. We analyzed data from a multisite, randomized controlled trial testing a smoking cessation intervention for 1,357 hospitalized cigarette smokers who planned to quit. Using multiple logistic regression, we assessed factors identifiable in the hospital that were independently associated with biochemically confirmed tobacco abstinence six months after discharge. Biochemically confirmed abstinence at six months (n = 218, 16%) was associated with a smoking‐related primary discharge diagnosis (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.41‐2.77), greater confidence in the ability to quit smoking (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.60), and stronger intention to quit (plan to quit after discharge vs try to quit; AOR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.19‐2.38). In conclusion, smokers hospitalized with a tobacco‐related illness and those with greater confidence and intention to quit after discharge are more likely to sustain abstinence in the long term. Hospital clinicians' efforts to promote smoking cessation should target smokers' confidence and motivation to quit.

Funding Source: The study was funded by NIH/NHLBI [grant #R01‐HL11821].
Booking a PSHE speaker? Read this first…
Authors: Bell Anne
Published: May 2018

When used appropriately, external visitors can be an excellent support or enhancement to PSHE. But how can you be sure their input is safe, effective and relevant? Anne Bell advises
Drug interactions amongst companion animal parasiticides
Authors: Wright Ian , Elsheikha Hany
Published: May 2018

The global burden of ectoparasitic infestations is exacerbated by the lack of licensed vaccines, making safe and effective parasiticide drugs vital to their prevention and treatment. The last two decades in the companion animal parasiticides market has brought a welcome surge in the number of new antiparasitic agents. However, this requires veterinary prescribers to be much more knowledgeable about drug mode of action, indications, adverse reactions, and the potential for drug-drug interactions. Most antiparasitic drugs have an acceptable safety margin, however some are associated with clinically significant side effects or drug-drug interactions. The risk for these side effects can be increased when drugs are used in combination and by concurrent medications prescribed for preexisting conditions. This article describes the risk of acute adverse reactions associated with treatment with antiparasitic drugs and highlights the current safety warnings regarding concurrent use of some drugs.
Help horses: support the National Equine Health Survey
Authors: Taylor Gemma
Published: May 2018

If you are a horse owning veterinary nurse or work in equine practice National Pet Charity Blue Cross is urging you to support the National Equine Health Survey (NEHS) this month. Here's why all owners and keepers of horses should sign up.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE ABOVEGROUND ORGANS OF ATRAPHAXIS FRUTESCENS AND A. PUNGENS (POLYGONACEAE), GROWING IN SIBERIA
Authors: Костикова (Kostikova) Вера (Vera) Андреевна (Andreevna) , Банаев (Banaev) Евгений (Evgenij) Викторович (Viktorovich) , Костиков (Kostikov) Дмитрий (Dmitrij) Константинович (Konstantinovich) , Кукушкина (Kukushkina) Татьяна (Tat'jana) Абдулхаиловна (Abdulhailovna)
Published: May 2018

The results of comparative study of the content of the biologically active substances in the aboveground organs of Atraphaxis frutescens (L.) C. Koch. and A. pungens (Bieb.) Jaub. et Spach. are presented. It is established that plants contain a rich complex of biologically active substances: flavonols, tannins, catechins, carotenoids, pectin substances. The leaves and the reproductive organs of the Atraphaxis differ in the highest content of all substances. Almost on all biochemical indices aboveground organs A. pungens surpass in A. frutescens. In leaves and reproductive organs of A. pungens the content of flavonols (up to 7.32% ‒ in reproductive organs and up to 10.10% ‒ in leaves), tannins (up to 34.30% and 27.27%, respectively) and protopectins (up to 11.29 and 7.96%), and also in leaves ‒ catechins (up to 3.92%) and in reproductive organs ‒ pectins (up to 2.63%) and carotenoids (up to 83.48 mg%) higher than at A. frutescens. The content of catechins in the reproductive organs (up to 3.78%) and in leaves ‒ carotenoids (up to 273.14 mg%) is higher in A. frutescens. Populations of Atraphaxis perspective for further pharmacological researches are allocated. Researches of biologically active substances A. frutescens and A. pungens growing in Siberia are spent for the first time.
THE OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION ROUTINE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND ITS CONTENT IN LI-CHENS THALLI
Authors: Дымова (Dymova) Ольга (Ol'ga) Васильевна (Vasil'evna) , Кузиванова (Kuzivanova) Ольга (Ol'ga) Александровна (Аleksandrovna)
Published: May 2018

In this study the way of photosynthetic pigments extraction (chlorophylls and carotinoids) from lichens thalli of two species (Lobaria pulmonaria and Cladonia rangiferina) was optimized. Use of dimethylsulphoxide : acetone (2 : 1) mix, without heating of the pigment extract at 65 °C was recommended. Previous rinsing of thallus by acetone depends on a lichen species and habitat conditions (pollution, etc.). By means of the developed technique the chlorophylls and carotenoids content was defined in 21 different lichen species growing in a middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. There are folious and bushy lichens among these species. The lichens were divided into three groups according to photobionts: species with green algae, species with cyanobacteria, and tripartite species with green algal photobionts and cyanobacteria in cephalodia. Across species, significant differences on accumulation of photosynthetic pigments pool was revealed. Thallus chlorophyll concentration ranged 0.4–0.6 mg/g, carotenoids – 0.15–0.30 mg/g in the most of studied lichen species. Photosynthetic pigments, especially chlorophyll a, in the lichens thallus can serve as the important bioindicator on the changing environment conditions and criterion of ecological assessment of habitats. It is important for biomonitoring of the environment and use of lichens as medical materials because of their biochemical structure (pigments, polysaccharides, lichen acids, etc.).
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING THE TALL OIL BY LIGNIGN PHASE THERMAL EFFICIEN-CY AND EVALUATING THE CONFORMITY OF ITS QUALITY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF STANDARD-SETTING DOCUMENTS
Authors: Глуханов (Glukhanov) Анатолий (Аnatolij) Андреевич (Аndreevich) , Третьяков (Tretyakov) Сергей (Sergej) Иванович (Ivanovich)
Published: May 2018

The main problem of industrial methods of production of tall oil is significant losses of the finished product with the waste of production – the lignin phase. It is a stable emulsion of the oil-in-water type, stabilized by lignin. Traditional ways to reduce the loss of tall oil by destroying the lignin phase are associated with a number of difficulties and in industrial practice are almost not currently used. In the present work, in order to increase the yield of tall oil when it is separated from the sulphate soap, a method for breaking the emulsion by heat treatment is proposed. The effect of the heat treatment temperature on the yield of tall oil from the lignin phase was studied. Optimum in relation to the yield of tall oil from the lignin phase is the temperature-time mode of heat treatment. It is shown that, under the optimal regime, the loss of tall oil with waste is reduced by 80%. Based on the results of the studies, a variant of the mechanism of changes occurring with components of the lignin phase during heat treatment is proposed. The composition of the components of the product after heat treatment at different temperatures has been studied. The values of the quality indicators of the obtained tall oil were established and their compliance with the requirements of the standard-setting documents in force in the territory of Russia was assessed. It was noted that all the parameters of the oil obtained during heat treatment correspond to the values established in the normative documents at the processing temperature from 100 to 140 °С. Based on the results of work, the heat treatment mode optimized for yield and quality of tall oil is proposed.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHENOLIC COMPOSITION OF JUICE FROM APPLES CULTI-VATED IN THE BAIKAL REGION
Authors: Гусакова (Gusakova) Галина (Galina) Семеновна (Semenovna) , Чеснокова (Chesnokova) Александра (Aleksandra) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Кузьмин (Kuzmin) Антон (Anton) Васильевич (Vasil'evich)
Published: May 2018

Physicochemical characteristics (soluble solids, titratable acidity, reducing sugars, vitamin C content, total phenolic content) of 9 cold-hardy apples varieties cultivated in the Baikal region have been studied for their technological evaluation. The fruits were collected in the full-ripe maturity stage in 2016. Phenolic composition of apple juice from Krasnoyarskiy snegirek apple variety was investigated by the HPLC-MS method. A total of 15 phenolic compounds represented by phenolic acids, dihydrochalcones, flavan-3-ols and flavones were identified. The greatest number of compounds belongs to the latter group and is represented by quercetin and its glycosides: quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-xyloside, quercetin-3-O-arabinoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. It was shown that physicochemical characteristics of studied samples correspond to technological requirements for raw materials for production of juices and wines. The most promising varieties for production of juices are varieties with high level biologically active substances: Purpurniy (vitamin content C is 21 mg/100 cm3), Krasnoyarskyi snegirek, Krasnoyarskiy seyanets and Malinka (total phenolic content 290, 305 and 348 mg/dm3, respectively).
ADVANCED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF HIGH PURITY ARABINOGALACTAN
Authors: Медведева (Medvedeva) Елена (Elena) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Малков (Malkov) Юрий (Yurij) Алексеевич (Аlekseevich) , Бабкин (Babkin) Василий (Vasilij) Анатольевич (Аnatol'evich)
Published: May 2018

The technology of larch wood arabinogalactan production, combined with the preparation of dihydroquercetin, has been developed. The improved process includes the following steps: extraction of larch raw material with hot water (80–90 °C) after extraction of dihydroquercetin from it; purification of the obtained extract from high-molecular impurities by ultrafiltration using a hydrophobic membrane; concentration and additional purification of the extract from low molecular weight phenolic impurities by diafiltration using a hydrophilic membrane; spray drying of the concentrate. The concentrate drying parameters are optimized. The improved technology makes it possible to obtain a product with a main substance content ≥98%, to exclude the use of imported reagents – flocculants, and, therefore, the expenses of separation from clarified extract cake and its utilization are eliminated. Undoubted advantages of the developed technology are the reduction of the purification time of the extract, as well as the ability to automate the process of AG production and realize it in a continuous mode, that increase the feasibility and economic efficiency of the process, as well as to increase the exploitation time of the hydrophilic membrane, and to reduce energy costs.
RHAPONTICUM UNIFLORUM: CHEMICAL COMPONENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Оленников (Olennikov) Даниил (Daniil) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Кащенко (Kashchenko) Нина (Nina) Игоревна (Igorevna)
Published: May 2018

Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC. is a plant species of the Asteraceae family, widely used in traditional medicine in the Easteren Asia. Currently R. uniflorum is a subject of scientific interest of the chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, and others. This review includes scientific data from 1991 to 2017. The investigation of the chemodiversity of R. uniflorum showed the presence of more than 100 compounds, including sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, ecdysteroids, triterpenes, sterols, thiophenes, flavonoids, amino acids, fatty acids, etc. Ecdysteroids and triterpenes (more than 40 compounds) are the most studied groups of substances of R. uniflorum. The data about the methods of chromatographic analysis of terpenoids and phenolic compounds, as well as the quantitative content of some compounds in various organs of R. uniflorum are summarized in this paper. It is shown that the extracts and some compounds of R. uniflorum possess a wide spectrum of biological activity, including anxiolytic, stress-protective, actoprotective, antihypoxic, anabolic, hepatoprotective, inhibiting PPARγ receptors, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunostimulating, antiatherosclerotic, hypolipidemic effects. However, in spite of the known information about the pharmacological activity of R. uniflorum, the data of clinical trials are absent, thereby further investigations of this plant species is necessary.
APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL ADDITIVES FOR RESOURCE CONSERVATION PRODUCTION OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD
Authors: Остапенко (Ostapenko) Алина (Alina) Анатольевна (Anatol'evna) , Ковернинский (Koverninskij) Иван (Ivan) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Ткаченко (Tkachenko) Ольга (Ol'ga) Викторовна (Viktorovna)
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study is to evaluate the interaction of amphoteric polymer resins with cellulose fibers at the molecular level.The interaction of amphoteric polymer resins with cellulose fragments was determined by standard 1H NMR and 13C spectroscopy techniques.To study the interaction of amphoteric polymeric resins with cellulose at the molecular level, imitation modeling has been carried out in the work. The essence of the simulation is the replacement of cellulose fibers with substances that are close to the functional purpose of cellulose. Such substances include glucose, sucrose, starch and ethylene glycol, which dissolve in water. It is established that in the presence of a large amount of water in the APS – waste paper  system, intermolecular and interfluid hydrogen bonds are formed, and upon reaching a critical amount of water in the system, new covalent ether-type bonds are formed between the functional groups of the components as model systems and amphoteric polymeric systems resin - cellulose and this indicates the possibility of increasing the physical and mechanical properties of paper and paperboard from secondary raw materials.The results show that simulation simulation of structural and functional transformations in complex systems, including the cellulose-APS system, confirms the presence in them of processes that occur during the interaction of amphoteric polymeric resins with hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibers
CHEMICAL PROFILING OF PAPAVER KUVAJEVII: DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDE – TAXIFILLIN
Authors: Коротких (Korotkikh) Михаил (Mihail) Олегович (Olegovich) , Ткачев (Tkachev) Алексей (Aleksej) Васильевич (Vasil'evich)
Published: May 2018

The complex of plant metabolites as a set of certain substances can be characterized by chemical and physicochemical methods of analysis. A chemical characteristic involves the identification of a set of individual substances - chemical markers unique to a selected plant object; and the entire visible set of components as a characteristic profile – a "chemical fingerprint".The object of the study is the poppy of Kuvaev (Papaver kuvajevii). A new kind of poppy; described in 2003. Endemic. Perennial. It grows in the steppe belt on the slopes of the mountains; rocks; screes; pasture steppes. Blossoms in May – August. Seed multiplication June – September.In this paper; a scheme of extraction procedures for the spectroscopic profiling of the Kuvaev poppy has been developed. The crushed air-dry aerial part of the plant (without capsules) was extracted in the Soxhlet apparatus sequentially with solvents (in order of increasing their polarity). IR; NMR 1H and 13C profiles were recorded for each extract. The content of taxifillin in the sample is determined by quantitative NMR analysis (q-NMR).
Estudio longitudinal sobre la adherencia al patrón de dieta mediterránea en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud
Authors: Sánchez-Fideli María Amparo , Gutiérrez-Hervás Ana , Rizo-Baeza Mercedes , Cortés-Castell Ernesto
Published: May 2018

Introducción: El periodo universitario suele ser el momento en que los estudiantes asumen por primera vez su propia alimentación y pueden adquirir hábitos que repercutirán en su futura salud. Se analiza la evolución del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud estudiando los efectos de la formación recibida en el primer curso y en el segundo curso académico.Material y métodos: Estudio piloto sobre el seguimiento de 124 estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Cardenal Herrera - CEU (grados de Enfermería y Fisioterapia), mediante el cuestionario KIDMED en primer curso y durante el segundo curso académico, valorando los cambios en la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea y posibles factores asociados (sexo, grado de procedencia, comensalidad, estado de IMC y valoración de la adherencia previa). Resultados: Se encuentra buena correlación entre IMC inicial y final (r2=0,848; p<0,001) y valoración KIDMED inicial y final (r2=0,691; p<0,001). El IMC no muestra diferencias significativas al recibir la formación. Se produce un incremento significativo de la valoración KIDMED, mayor en los alumnos de enfermería (p=0,045). El 50,8 % mejora su adherencia a la dieta, tanto en el análisis bivariante como multivariante de regresión logística binaria, únicamente se observa asociación inversa a la adherencia inicial (OR= 1,68 (1,35-2,08); IC 95%; p<0,001).  Conclusiones: se observó una ligera mejoría en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea cuando los estudiantes cursaban segundo curso de ciencias de la salud. Por ello, incluir información científica acerca de hábitos dietéticos y estilos de vida saludables a los universitarios contribuye a mejorar sus propios hábitos y poderlos promover entre sus futuros pacientes.
miR-140-5p suppresses retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting CEMIP and CADM3
Authors: Miao Xiaolin , Wang Zhen , Chen Bingyu , Chen Yiqi , Wang Xi , Jiang Luxi , Jiang Shanshan , Hao Ke , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2018

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood intraocular tumor, affecting millions of patients worldwide. MicroRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) was demonstrated to be involved in the tumorigenesis of various human cancers; however, its role in RB remains undetermined. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays were used to determine the expression levels of miR-140-5p, cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP), and cell adhesion molecule 3 (CADM3) in RB tissues and cell-lines. The proliferation ability was detected by cell-counting kit 8 (CCK-8), Edu staining, and colony formation assay. The cell cycle and migration and invasion abilities were measured by flow cytometry, wound-healing assay and Transwell assays, respectively. The correlation between miR-140-5p and CEMIP/CADM3 were then confirmed by immunofluorescence (IF) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The results showed that miR-140-5p expression was significantly decreased; however, CEMIP and CADM3 expression was increased in RB tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-140-5p inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of RB cells. We also found that miR-140-5p inhibited CEMIP and CADM3 expressions in RB cells. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-140-5p might negatively regulate the transcriptional activities of CEMIP and CADM3 by targeting their 3'-UTR. Therefore, we suggested that miR-140-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of RB through CEMIP and CADM3.
Regionalização das vazões de permanência para as bacias hidrográficas do Estado de Sergipe segundo suas regiões climáticas
Authors: Schneider Erwin Henrique Menezes , Barbosa Alan de Gois , Rocha Italo Mateus Lacerda , Mendes Ludmilson Abritta
Published: May 2018

A estimativa da disponibilidade hídrica em uma bacia é uma das principais informações que alicerça a correta gestão dos recursos hídricos. Considerando-se a importância de se atender as regiões com ausência ou escassez de monitoramento fluviométrico, desenvolveu-se no presente estudo a construção de modelos matemáticos de regionalização de vazões para diversas bacias do Estado de Sergipe. Contudo, essa metodologia tem limitações quando os dados hidrométricos disponíveis são muito escassos ou quando a bacia possui grande variabilidade fisiográfica e climatológica, comprometendo a determinação da correta vazão disponível. O presente trabalho objetiva determinar a equação regionalizada Q90 que melhor se ajuste ao comportamento hidrológico das bacias do Estado de Sergipe, considerando as diferentes regiões climáticas sergipanas – Tropical Úmida, Agreste e Semiárido –, de forma a se obter uma pequena variação entre a vazão real e a vazão calculada pela regionalização. Na determinação da vazão de permanência Q90, foi aplicado o Método Tradicional de regionalização, tendo como variáveis independentes a área de drenagem do posto fluviométrico e a sua precipitação média acumulada.
Uso de geotecnologia na pesquisa bibliográfica: Biblioteca geoespacial sobre os recursos hídricos de Sergipe
Authors: Da Rocha João Carlos Santos , Santos Carlos Hendrikus , Rocha Sérgio Luís
Published: May 2018

As diversas esferas de governo despendem anualmente uma significativa soma de recursos financeiros na realização de estudos sobre diversos temas que, na grande maioria das vezes, ficam esquecidos e longe do alcance da sociedade e dos meios acadêmicos e científicos. O desconhecimento dessas pesquisas ocasiona o retrabalho e a falta de continuidade no seu avanço em busca de um aprimoramento sobre o tema pesquisado. Esse trabalho objetivou apresentar uma alternativa para disponibilização de estudos realizados na área de meio ambiente e dos recursos hídricos, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando ferramentas de geotecnologia. O projeto, desenvolvido pela Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Hídricos (SEMARH), denominado Biblioteca Geoespacial sobre os Recursos Hídricos de Sergipe, espacializou a área de abrangência de 947 estudos realizados em Sergipe e agrupados em 14 temas. A metodologia desenvolvida e os resultados iniciais indicam um grande potencial da ferramenta, que poderá se tornar um depositório para trabalhos técnico-científicos e projetos, com consulta espacial.
Immobilization of amylase using chitosan beads as support
Authors: Almeida Carlos M. S. , Nascimento de Jesus Jean , Ferreira Renata D. M. , Varandas Vinícius S. , Cavalcante Paula A. W. , Coêlho Diego F. , Rodrigues Jacqueline R. da S. , Souza Roberto Rodrigues de , Oliveira Thaynah S. de
Published: May 2018

Amylases are hydrolases that are prominent, compared to other enzymes, accounting for 65% of the world’s market. They can be applied to any processes that require partial or complete hydrolysis of starch, such as: glucose production, the paper industry, brewing industry, food industry, among others. The use of enzymes in the industry brings great advantages, such as: a lower energy consumption; selectivity for the substrate; high activity and, in most cases, low production cost. However, it is still a costly catalytic route option, and it is necessary to use immobilization processes so that no further costs are generated in its recovery after the reaction. This work aimed to produce chitosan beads for use in the immobilization of amylase from a non-purified source. The enzymatic broth volume evaluated was 7 and 10 mL, with the highest rate of immobilization (36.04%) and recovered activity (12.36%) achieved using 7 mL of enzymatic broth. In the evaluation of the number of spheres used for immobilization, 6, 10 and 14 units were evaluated. It was found that the smallest number of spheres was sufficient to immobilize 54.71% of the enzymes. However, the recovery activity was the lowest (6.77%). Immobilization by covalent bonding presented better immobilization result compared to other immobilizations (54.71%), despite the lower result for recovery of activity (6.77%).
Perfil dos portadores de diabetes mellitus atendidos em farmácias particulares de Sergipe, Brasil
Authors: Gois Carla Oliveira , Lima Shirley Veronica Melo Almeida , Santos Ana Carla Ferreira Silva dos , Melo Hugo Nivaldo Almeida Lima
Published: May 2018

O Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença crônica, caracterizada por um desequilíbrio glicêmico resultante do defeito na ação/secreção da insulina. O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer o perfil dos portadores de Diabetes Mellitus que procuram drogarias particulares para obtenção de medicamentos e acompanhamento do agravo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em duas farmácias particulares no município de Itabaiana/Sergipe, no qual foi aplicado um formulário com 10 questões a respeito de dados socioeconômicos e sobre o Diabetes Mellitus. Foram analisados 90 formulários. O resultado obtido contou com predominância do sexo feminino, baixa renda familiar, com baixo grau de escolaridade, que desconhecem o tipo de Diabetes que apresentam e em sua maior parte foi diagnosticada pela rede pública. O principal motivo da procura das redes particulares para a obtenção do medicamento é a ausência destes na Unidade Básica de Saúde. Além disso, a maior parte faz uso da medicação de primeira escolha, Metformina, casualmente fazem o teste de glicemia em jejum, e que raramente apresentaram alguma complicação do Diabetes Mellitus. A maioria dos pacientes entrevistados mudou o estilo de vida, principalmente em relação à alimentação. Conclui-se que se faz necessário uma estruturação na atenção básica municipal para melhor atender a demanda dos portadores do Diabetes Mellitus nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde a fim de minimizar as desigualdades no acesso às medicações no Brasil.
Decomposição de resíduos vegetais em ambiente alagado e sequeiro sob diferentes manejos de solo
Authors: Neto Lethícia , Coradini Cezar , Junges Emanuele , Michelon Cleudson
Published: May 2018

Os resíduos culturais são os principais substratos para os estoques de matéria orgânica do solo, sendo formados basicamente pelos mesmos componentes: nitrogênio, fração solúvel, concentrações de celulose + hemicelulose, lignina. Porém, em diferentes proporções as quais definem seu grau de qualidade. Assim, a qualidade do resíduo e o tipo de manejo estão entre os principais fatores que controlam as taxas de decomposição. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a decomposição de resíduos de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum), manejados sob sistema plantio direto e convencional em um Argissolo em ambiente de sequeiro e um Planossolo em área alagada. O estudo foi conduzido durante 90 dias na área experimental do Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente do Sul, utilizando resíduos de nabo forrageiro e de azevém em um Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico arênico e um Planossolo Háplico Eutrófico arênico. Os resíduos foram avaliados na superfície e incorporados ao solo. Aos 30, 60 e 90 dias foram avaliados a porcentagem de decomposição. A incorporação dos resíduos acelerou o processo de decomposição, onde esse processo foi mais acentuado a partir de 60 dias. Independente do manejo adotado, os resíduos de nabo forrageiro foram decompostos mais rapidamente do que os de azevém. O tipo de solo afetou o processo de decomposição, no Argissolo obteve os maiores valores de decomposição em relação ao Planossolo.
Fractal analysis of chromatin as a potential indicator of human exposures to ionizing radiation
Authors: Xavier Amanda Iumatti Santos Firmo , Cavalcanti Mariana Brayner , Silva Edvane Borges da , Amaral Ademir de Jesus , Fernandes Thiago de Salazar e
Published: May 2018

The theory of fractals, proposed by the mathematician Mandelbrot (1975), has been applied to many fields in Biology, mainly due to the property of self-similarity observed in the natural world, such as in the DNA molecule and chromatin structure. Many researches have proven the applicability of this mathematical analysis for the identification of cells containing mutations, in the case of cancers, or due to exposures to chemicals and ultraviolet radiation, but until the present moment, no work was done with ionizing radiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of fractal analysis for the identification of irradiated cells, and to discuss its potential use as an indicator of human exposures to ionizing radiation. For this, 200 cells were digitalized, where 100 were from a blood sample irradiated with an absorbed dose of 3 Gy of gamma radiation, and 100cells were non-irradiated. Fractal dimensions (FD) were calculated by the method of Box-Counting. It was possible to notice an increase in FDs of chromatin after exposure to ionizing radiation, and an overdispersion of the values of FD only in irradiated sample. Also, when the data was reorganized in crescent order, it was possible to clearly distinct the irradiated sample from the non-irradiated one. With this, we present an efficient method for the identification of irradiated human blood samples, in a fast and most simplified way, what can be of valuable importance in cases where there is a need of quick responses to human exposures to ionizing radiation.
Propriedade antimicrobiana e potencial citotóxico in vitro do gel de Aloe vera: uma discussão sobre o uso em queimaduras
Authors: Dias Julliany Lopes , Lacerda Gabriela Eustáquio , Cabral Jhonatha Barros , Moreira Juliana Fonseca , Dias Tiago , Do Nascimento Guilherme Nobre Lima
Published: May 2018

Estudo experimental que teve por objetivo avaliar a propriedade antimicrobiana e o potencial citotóxico do gel da Aloe vera, a fim de discutir seu uso tópico em queimaduras. Para tanto, foram coletadas na cidade de Palmas-TO folhas da A. vera. O gel obtido após processamento das folhas foi dividido em dois grupos in natura (Amostra A) e liofilizado (Amostra B). A propriedade antimicrobiana foi realizada pelo método de macrodiluição em ágar e microdiluição em caldo para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e da concentração bactericida mínima (CBM), para microrganismos comumente identificados em lesões infectadas de indivíduos queimados. O ensaio de fragilidade osmótica eritrocitária (FOE) foi realizado para avaliação da citotoxicidade. Os resultados sugerem que a Aloe vera possui atividade antimicrobiana de caráter bacteriostática para S. aureus, E. cloacae, A. baumanii, P. aeuruginosa, E. coli e C. albicans, tanto na forma in natura como liofilizada. Quanto à citotoxicidade, não houve taxa de hemólise significativa (p < 0,05), bem como deformidade em membrana celular, que evidenciasse risco tóxico no uso do gel da planta para as concentrações máximas testadas 100% in natura e 20 mg/ml do extrato do gel liofilizado. No que tange ao uso popular no tratamento de queimaduras, as evidências deste estudo corroboram para a segurança do uso tópico. Entretanto, mais estudos de como ocorre a absorção e metabolização devem ser realizados.
Distribution and survival of leukemias in the mesoregion of the Potiguar West
Authors: Oliveira Jéssica Costa , Torres Taffarel Melo , Pereira Wogelsanger Oliveira
Published: May 2018

In the mesoregion of the Potiguar West, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, literature concerning distribution and survival rates of leukemia in the population is sparse. This study intends to perform this analysis, exploring epidemiological data on patients, up to 100 years old, diagnosed between 2005 and 2014. In total, 183 patients with any type of leukemia were considered; acute myeloid leukemia was the most frequent (66 cases). Male patients were predominant (59%) and most cases did not progress to death (59.1%). In relation to survival, patients with acute myeloid leukemia presented less survival of 10 years after diagnosis, while patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia were most survival rates. Thus, it was possible to better characterize leukemia in this region, which is critical to identify possible risk factors and establish priorities on prevention, planning, management and evaluation of health services.