bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biotesting of vegetable snacks
Authors: Kotelnikov A. V. , Zolotokopova S. V. , Nevalennaya A. A.
Published: September 2023

The results of testing vegetable snacks developed using a new technology using lactulose to add crunchiness to the product, without the use of oil, are presented. The results of biotesting of the new product were compared with potato chips prepared according to the traditional technology using oil. Biotesting of vegetable snacks was carried out using a Daphnia magna Straus test object at the age of 6-24 hours. The duration of the experiment was 96 hours and was carried out in each sample in three variations with different dilution ratios 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000. Based on the test results, for each analyzed sample of a given dilution, including the control one, the arithmetic mean of the surviving test organisms Daphnia magna Straus was calculated. The used biotesting technique is based on the determination of daphnia mortality under the influence of substances present in the studied water extract. As a result of the studies, it was found that in solutions of aqueous extract of vegetable snacks from beets and carrots, in the preparation technology of which lactulose and citric acid were used, the percentage of death of test organisms in samples with a dilution of 1:10 was 33.3% and 26.6 % respectively. In the aqueous extract of potato snacks prepared with lactulose in samples (1:10), the percentage of death of Daphnia magna Straus test organisms was 17.7%, and in similar samples of chips prepared using traditional technology, 46.6%. When the samples were diluted 1:100, the death of test organisms was significantly reduced in all samples. When the samples were diluted 1:1000, all Daphnia magna Straus test organisms survived. Thus, to conduct biotesting of vegetable snacks with Daphnia magna Straus, to obtain comparable results, it is sufficient to dilute the samples with cultivation water in a ratio of 1:10. According to the results of the biotesting of Daphnia magna Straus, it was proved that vegetable snacks prepared without the use of oil have less toxicity.
Application of drying acceleration to study the forms of moisture bond in currant fruits
Authors: Antipov S. T. , Emelyanov A. B. , Baturina E. V. , Kazartsev D. A. , Babenko D. S. , Posnova G. V.
Published: September 2023

The article discusses issues related to the study of the forms of connection of moisture removed during the drying process in black currant fruits. A study was carried out to determine the quantitative moisture content of various forms of communication by two methods and a comparative analysis was carried out. It is shown that the existing methods for studying the forms of moisture-material bonding have significant drawbacks and generally give a qualitative assessment of the state of moisture in the material or are very laborious and require long-term laboratory studies. The efficiency of the approach to determining the forms of moisture connection in black currant fruits is shown on the basis of graphical-analytical analysis of the drying kinetics, which allows qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the state of moisture in the fruits. With the help of a graphical editor, the curves of the drying kinetics of black currant fruits were processed and the dependences of the quantity called "drying acceleration" characterizing the rapidity of the change in the drying rate of currant fruits on the moisture content of the product were obtained. The analysis of the obtained curves is carried out, indicating the presence of extrema and points of inflection to the corresponding critical moisture content, as well as the presence of areas with a slowdown or acceleration of the drying rate change, allowing to establish the intervals of moisture removal with different binding energies. The approach under consideration makes it possible to give a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the physical state of moisture not only in currant fruits, but also in other food products, as well as reduce the time for analysis and improve the accuracy of the results.
Development of productive pseudocapsulated compound feeds for rainbow trout grown in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation
Authors: Vasilenko V. N. , Frolova L. N. , Kochkin I. Y. , Eremin I. D. , Zhiltsova S. I. , Dorokhin R. V.
Published: September 2023

The decrease in catch of valuable fish species from natural water bodies is compensated by their intensive cultivation in artificial conditions. In order to realize the main task of trout farms associated with obtaining marketable products in the shortest possible period of time, artificial feed is used as a source of food. A economically feasible alternative source of raw materials is the products of plant origin. In the process of production of oil and fat products at various stages, numerous fat wastes and by-products are formed, wich have fodder value and are not used as feeding facilities in industrial scale. This is especially frue for fat processing (soapstock of Light oil, fatty bleaching clays, dezodoration chases, phosphatides, calcium salts of fatty acids), as well as waste oils in combination with fat processing waste. On the base of studying the classical technology of producing mixed fodders for valuable fish species and eliminating its drawbacks the technology of pseudocapsulated mixed fodders for salmon fish grown in the CFD of Russia Federation with given fodder value and a line for its realization is suggested. The best way to bring fats and vitamins contained in them to valuable fish species is to feed them as a part of mixed fodders. At present, however, it is difficult to increase the level of fat in feed on the existing Russian fats supply lines, since most plants can include up to 10% of fat in the bulk feed line. Therefore, the development of mixing formulations and techniques for valuable fish breeds using sturgeon fish with more than 10% fat in it as an addition of fat oily wastes such as epaulettes and phosphates is not only of scientific interest. In the course of studies optimization encapsulated optimal feeds for program "Feed Optima Expert" pseudorainbow trout were also developed. As a result, close results were obtained in terms of the rate of growth of trout, the development, conversion of feed and viability in comparison with the best feed counterparts on the Russian market.
Investigation of the biochemical activity of starter compositions enriched with propionic acid bacteria on various raw materials
Authors: Boyarineva I. V. , Podvolotskaya A. B. , Stepochkina V. D. , Rochin E. O.
Published: September 2023

Currently, there is a need to develop an assortment of low-lactose or lactose-free dairy products and plant-based products due to an increase in the number of consumers with lactase deficiency, allergic to cow's milk components, cholesterol problems, etc. For the development of plant and lactose-free bioproducts, it is possible to use various starter cultures enriched with probiotics. Various starter cultures were used in the work, propionic acid bacteria were used as a probiotic. The objects were lactose-free milk and vegetable bases: rice milk, oat milk and coconut milk; the control was selected milk. A comparative analysis of the fermentation process of various compositions of starter cultures enriched with propionic acid bacteria on various raw materials was carried out. The duration of fermentation of vegetable raw materials is 8-10 hours, the acid-forming activity of combined starter cultures is quite high. The number of viable cells of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria in the obtained bioproducts has a high value and amounts to 107-108 K.O.E. /cm3. This confirms that the nutrient medium for the cultivation of selected starter compositions is favorable, the microflora of the starter composition develops harmoniously. Lactic acid microorganisms and propionic acid bacteria make it possible to obtain fermented biological products with a variety of taste characteristics inherent in a certain type of raw material. According to the results of the research, the developed starter compositions meet the requirements for starter cultures, have valuable technological properties that allow expanding the range of plant and lactose-free biological products.
Reducing energy costs at the tar deasphalting unit
Authors: Kotlayr N. V. , Popov S. V. , Nikolaeva Z. V. , Khabibrakhmanov O. V.
Published: September 2023

Propane de-asphalting units are used to "clean" tar from asphalt-resin and polycyclic aromatic components. The energy resources used in this case are quite large. To reduce energy consumption, the possibility of heat recovery of the technological flows of the installation and reduction of steam and water consumption during the regeneration of propane from a deasphaltisate solution is being considered. The research was carried out using the Honeywell UniSim Design software system, in which a model of a propane de-asphalting tar installation was developed. The Peng-Robinson method was used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the fraction components. The analysis of the energy flows of the technological scheme showed that to increase the temperature of the deasphaltisate solution from 79.9 OC to 120 Oc for a tubular evaporator, it is required to bring an energy flow of 2.709e5 kJ/h. At the same time, the value of the heat flux of the target product (deasphaltisate) is 5,746e6 kJ / h, therefore, there is a possibility of heat recovery between the considered flows. An energy-saving technology for the regeneration of propane from a solution of deasphaltisate is proposed, in which the heat of the flow of the extracted deasphaltisate is used in a tubular evaporator instead of hot steam. The conducted computational experiment showed that the calculated reduction in the consumption of hot steam in the K-2 steam column reduces the energy consumption of the installation while maintaining the clarity of the separation of propane and the target product. The absence of a hydrocarbon fraction in the flow of regenerated propane makes it possible to recycle it to feed the extraction column. It is shown that it is possible to reduce water consumption in the K-5 mixing condenser. By reducing the steam consumption used in the K-2 steam column and lowering the water consumption in the K-5 condenser, the amount of water discharged into the sewer is reduced. The proposed technological scheme for the regeneration of propane from a deasphaltisate solution and the installation model can be used in the processes of one- and two-stage deasphaltization of tar for their calculation and design.
Study of possible options for technological schemes of gas fractionation plants for a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons
Authors: Voronov M. V. , Popov S. V. , Khabibrakhmanov O. V. , Yulin A. D.
Published: September 2023

Analysis of the component composition of the ethane-propane fraction obtained from the wide fraction of light hydrocarbons (NGL) at operating gas fractionation plants shows that due to the insufficiently clear separation of light hydrocarbons С1÷С3, a high propane content is observed in the ethane-propane fraction (EPF). SPE is used in the pyrolysis plant, where ethylene is obtained as the target intermediate, therefore, under industrial conditions, it is necessary to ensure the maximum possible extraction of propane from the SPE composition. In the technological scheme of operating plants, SME is obtained using a fractionating absorber or a distillation column. In both versions, the SME is taken from the top of the apparatus, and the bottom product containing C3+ hydrocarbons is fed for further fractionation. In order to analyze the operation of gas fractionation plants in the Honeywell UniSim Design software environment, a plant model was developed. A computational experiment using various industrial values of the hydrocarbon content in NGL showed that in order to achieve the maximum possible extraction of propane from the PSP, it is necessary to involve all the propane in the PSP obtained on the fractionating absorber (or distillation column) so that only the C4+ hydrocarbon fraction is in the bottom product of the apparatus for further separation. The ESP obtained in this way is sent to an additional distillation column, which provides a clear separation into ethane (distillate of the column) and propane (bottom product of the column) fractions, while in the obtained fractions concentration indicators are achieved that improve the corresponding indicators of standards according to TU 0272-022- 00151638-99. The calculated regime parameters and fractional compositions of technological flows of apparatuses are given, the modified scheme of the installation is described. The developed models can be used to optimize the operating modes of industrial devices and design new installations, as well as to train technologists in the methods of qualified process management.
Optimization of technological regimes of the deisopentanizer column for the preparation of the feed stream of the low-temperature isomerization unit PGI-DIG/280-NK
Authors: Bedenko E. E. , Beregovsky A. A. , Popov S. V. , Khabibrakhmanov O. V.
Published: September 2023

Raw fractions used in isomerization plants contain isopentane, which is the target product, and its presence in the feed as “ballast” occupies the useful volume of the reactor. To optimize the composition of processed raw materials, a number of enterprises have included a deisopentanizer column in the technological scheme. The paper evaluates the possibility of optimizing the technological regimes and design parameters of a deisopentanizer for a low-temperature isomerization unit that does not have a column in the technological scheme for extracting isopentane from the composition of the feedstock. The studies were carried out using the Honeywell UniSim Design modeling system. The properties of the fraction components were calculated using the Peng-Robinson method. Calculations were made for two types of raw materials containing 8.7÷19.7% wt. isopentane. The performed calculations established that in order to achieve almost complete recovery of isopentane in the feed stream from the hydrotreating section, the distillation column should contain 63 theoretical plates, and the minimum reflux ratio should be Rmin = 12.3. At the same time, the presence of normal pentane in the distillate of the column will not exceed 0.07% wt., and in the bottom product, the content of isopentane will also not exceed 0.07% wt. The operation of a distillation column is simulated, containing 80 plates (the efficiency of the contact device is 0.8), a feed plate is 33. The feedstock consumption is 62550 kg/h, the temperature is 40°C and the pressure is 294.2 kPa. The convergence of iterative processes by the Honeywell UniSim Design environment was obtained using active specifications: the content of isopentane in the cube is 0.0007wt. share and pentane in the distillate 0.0007wt. share. The obtained technological modes provide almost complete extraction of isopentane from the composition of the raw material, namely by 99.37÷99.7%, while for industrial conditions it is essential to implement the calculated temperature profile along the height of the column. The possibility of using a column with the same diameter in its exhaustive and strengthening parts is shown.
Study of the influence of excipients on the technological parameters of raw materials and the stability of the active substance in the process of manufacturing a solid dosage form
Authors: Kravtsova M. V. , Bezheskaia E. V. , Gukina O. A. , Meshaikina A. V.
Published: September 2023

A theoretical study of approaches to solving problems related to the uniformity of the mixture for tableting and the stability of the active substance was carried out. A study of data on the influence of excipients on the properties of the mixture for granulation was carried out. As a result of reference to literary sources, works were found that consider the relationship between the composition, fluidity of the mixture, and mixing time. In addition, work in the field of stability of substances, which is associated with the excipients used, is considered. As a result of the review, various options for influencing the technological characteristics of the mixture, such as dissolution, flowability, segregation, are shown. Observing the relationship between process parameters helps to understand the dependence of quality control parameters on them. Thus, for example, the homogeneity of dosing is highly dependent on segregation and, accordingly, on the fluidity of the mixture. Excipients also have an effect on the stability of the active substance. They should be inert to it, but with the help of excipients it is possible to regulate the required pH level, the percentage of moisture. In some cases, excipients reversibly bind to the active substance to reduce degradation. In conclusion, it was concluded that in the course of developing the technological composition of a solid dosage form, it is necessary to take into account the influence of excipients. When developing the composition, it is possible to select the optimal combination of excipients, which will improve the technological parameters of the mixture, the quality and shelf life of the medicinal product. For the production of generic drugs, this issue is most relevant, since the development of the composition of the drug requires the repetition of the characteristics of the original drug. In this case, it is possible to use an alternative placebo composition, which allows to increase the economic efficiency of production.
Sorption of ammonium by fibrous sorbent VION KN-1
Authors: Niftaliev S. I. , Gorbunova E. M. , Timkova A. V. , Kim K. B. , Danilov V. N.
Published: September 2023

The results of studies of the sorption extraction of ammonium ions from aqueous media by the fibrous sorbent VION KN-1 are presented. Weak acid ion exchange fiber. It has been established that the limiting step in the process of ammonium ion sorption is internal diffusion. The kinetic parameters of the sorption process are calculated, with the identification of a decrease in the half-sorption time and an increase in the internal diffusion coefficient. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freindlich models for describing the experimental isotherms of ammonium ion sorption by fiber has been studied. Certain constants and parameters. Through the appearance of regression coefficients, R2 showed that the Langmuir model better explores experimental data on the sorption of ammonium ions by a fibrous sorbent. A study of sorption in media was carried out. According to the curves of the dependence of the degree of extraction on the concentration and on the depth of the missed solution, it was found that with a decrease in concentration in the dynamic sorption mechanism, the reduction characteristics do not decrease, which makes their use reduced in the purification of dilute solutions containing ammonium ions. At a low concentration of ammonium ions in the initial solution, the degree of extraction is more than 93%. To predict the extraction of ammonium ions from wastewater, an increased concentration of neural packages of STATISTICA application programs was used. The input parameters for studying the neural network were chosen: the concentration of ammonium ions, the volume of the solution passed through the sorbent layer, and the weight of the sample of fibers. The output parameter is the degree of extraction of ammonium ions. The trained MPL-3-5-1 neural network has high coefficients of determination for the training, test and control samples, which gives a high estimate of the network performance and can predict the degree of extraction of ammonium ions by the fibrous sorbent VION KN-1..
Capillary effect of layers of rubber-fabric composite
Authors: Yamilinets S. Y. , Gubanova I. V. , Kozlova M. D. , Kondratov A. P.
Published: September 2023

Rubber-fabric composites are a representative of a class of anisotropic reinforced composite laminates designed for operation in contact with a liquid medium. Each layer of the composite performs a specific function in the operation of printing machines. The rubber layer is located on the surface of the material and is impervious to hydrophilic liquids, but can swell to a limited extent in organic solvents. Layers of fabrics provide structural integrity and tension of the layered composite material and are protected from the penetration of the liquid medium by layers of rubber in a plane perpendicular to the arrangement of the layers. In a plane parallel to the arrangement of layers, the fabric is permeable to aqueous solutions and organic solvents. Permeability is based on the capillary effect of absorption. To eliminate the anisotropy of the permeability of reinforced composite layered materials, it is proposed to apply additional layers on the end surface that block the access of liquid to the capillary space through the pores, gaps between the threads and fibers of the fabric layers. An additional layer is applied by brushing or dipping into solutions of suspensions and emulsions of film-forming polymers: polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene and acrylic polyester. The article describes an experimental technique for estimating porosity and calculating the average radius of capillaries using a physical model of the porous structure of the composite. The capillary pressure leading to absorption is described by Laplace's law. The laboratory stand is a modernized Klemm-Winkler device. The penetration of liquids into the porous structure of a composite rubber-fabric material through the end surface was measured. The sizes of pores in the structure of the composite, their number, volume, and the rate of filling of pores with water through the end surface in samples of anisotropic reinforced composite layered materials used in printing were calculated. A decrease in water permeability through protective layers on the end surface is shown depending on the chemical and phase composition of film-forming polymers. Diagrams of permeability, absorption kinetics and tables of porosity parameters of the rubber-fabric composite are compared. The proportions of capillaries of different diameters and their distribution over the cross-sectional area were determined.
Studies of the kinetic and sorption characteristics of OFAM-K and OPMN-P membranes in the process of electron-nanofiltration separation of an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate
Authors: Konovalov D. N. , Lazarev S. I. , Lua Pepe , Polyansky K. K.
Published: September 2023

The paper presents an analysis of existing methods of membrane separation of solutions on semipermeable and ion-exchange membranes, where their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The objects of study were OFAM-K and OPMN-P nanofiltration membranes and aqueous solutions of potassium sulfate used in the production of mineral fertilizers. The change in the retention coefficient on the near-anode OFAM-K membrane for sulfate ions and on the near-cathode membrane OPMN-P for potassium ions was studied at current densities of 12,82 and 15,38 A/m2 with varying transmembrane pressure. An analysis of the retention coefficient of the OPMN-P cathode membrane for potassium ions with increasing pressure shows its increase by 20–30%, which is probably caused by an increase in the water permeability rate, which causes permeate dilution. In the case of analysis of the retention coefficient for sulfate ions on the anode OFAM-K membrane in the region of low current densities, the retention capacity first decreases with an increase in the transmembrane pressure, and then reaches a constant value with a slight increase at a pressure of 1,5 MPa. At higher current densities, the retention coefficient for sulfate ions on the anode OFAM-K membrane with an increase in transmembrane pressure, as well as on the OPMN-P cathode membrane, for potassium ions increases. The time dependences of the specific output flux are given at transmembrane pressures of 0,75, 1, and 1,5 MPa and current densities of 12,82 and 15,38 A/m2. It is noted that the specific output flux increases on the near-anode OFAM-K membrane, while on the near-cathode membrane OPMN-P it decreases with time, which is due to the transformation of the physical properties of the membranes and boundary layers formed on their working surface. On the near-anode OFAM-K membrane, water permeability increases with time, and on the near-cathode membrane OPMN-P it decreases. The presented data on the desorption of potassium ions and sulfate ions on the near-anode membrane OFAM-K and near-cathode membrane OPMN-P indicate that the desorption of ions decreases with time, and the desorption index of potassium ions on the near-anode OFAM-K membrane is higher, although in the process Electronanofiltration ions are transferred in equivalent ratios.
On the prospects for the use of polymeric materials for sorbents intended for water purification from oil products
Authors: Tolstov A. M. , Naumova Y. A.
Published: September 2023

Environmental safety occupies a major place in the extraction of minerals such as crude oil. The optimal outcome in the event of emergency situations during the production and spill of hydrocarbons is the use of mechanical frequent discharge using special sorbents. The evolution of oil-sorbing materials today does not have such filtration. Conventionally, they can be divided into inorganic, natural and synthetic. Efficiency depends on the use of oil-absorbing capacity, variety of applications, hydrophobicity and oleophilicity, as well as mandatory toxicity during operation. Modern technologies create sorbents based on foamed polymeric materials capable of pumping tons of oil by weight of 1 kg. Over the past 10 years, the authors have devoted to research to the modification of foamed polymeric materials to create superhydrophobic/superolefin sorbents. However, many works did not go beyond the laboratory, due to the complexity and high cost of the product. The purpose of this article is to identify the most promising polymeric materials with effective classes of oil-sorbing properties. A comparative analysis is presented in the paper justifying the choice of the quality of oil-absorbing foam material of non-polar polymers. Due to the natural hydrophobicity and oleophilicity, elasticity, availability of Russian offers on the market, there are opportunities for the development of this direction. The properties not explored of foamed polymeric materials based on ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers, which, among other things, have weather resistance, a wide temperature range of application, which is important for operation in the Far North or equatorial seas, where many other polymers lose their ability to effectively collect spills, high ability to fill up in the production of the mixture, which allows modifying the composition. A well-studied technology for foaming open-сell polymeric materials based on non-polar elastomers is added to the positive facts.
Development of the domestic cider market
Authors: Zhukovskaya S. V. , Babaeva M. V. , Kazartsev D. A. , Gromova E. A.
Published: September 2023

In the process of studying the development of the domestic cider market, an analysis was made of the market for alcoholic and non-alcoholic cider, a shift in demand for non-alcoholic products was revealed, statistics on the consumption of alcoholic beverages were given, in which a decrease in alcohol consumption by 43% was noted. As part of the work, the demand from 2018 to 2021 for non-alcoholic beer was analyzed, which shows an increase in the consumption of non-alcoholic beer by 7 times, the share of cider consumption relative to beer was calculated, which increased by 5% over 4 years and cider consumption was recorded from 2018 to 2022 g, which has increased by 7 times in 5 years. The market of non-alcoholic cider, as well as its analogues, is analyzed. According to the results of the analysis of the non-alcoholic cider market, it was noted that this product is in short supply, and manufacturers resort to the frequent use of various flavoring additives in order to enhance the organoleptic indicators. The price segment of this product is noted as above average compared to both alcoholic and non-alcoholic counterparts. Based on the revealed data, it should be assumed that the expansion of the production of non-alcoholic cider is a promising direction in the food industry, since the demand for non-alcoholic products has been recorded, and this drink is practically not represented on the Russian market or is presented in a high price category.
Development of the culinary product recipe based on secondary food raw materials
Authors: Novozhilov M. P. , Grohovskiy V. A. , Shokina Y. V. , Popov M. M. , Benzik I. N. , Kosareva E. A.
Published: September 2023

The data about prospects of processing fish secondary food raw materials were given and main directions for processing non-quota fishery objects were noted in the study. One of the variants of secondary food raw materials usage - stellate cartilage and chicken paws in the technology of gelled culinary products manufacturing was presented. Stingray cartilage in the broth recipe was used as a means of diseases of the musculoskeletal system prevention due to the chondroitin sulfate presence in its composition, which is a chondroprotector, and chicken paws were used as an ingredient to enhance gelling properties and improve flavor characteristics of the broth. The formulation of fish-meat broth, which is the basis of the jelly, was developed and optimized with mathematical modeling and a fuzzy logic inference system. The peak value of the organoleptic assessment indicator was observed when the proportion of stingray cartilage in the dense part of the broth was 50% and the hydromodulus was equal to 2. The influence of gelling additives of plant and animal origin on the organoleptic characteristics and gel strength of fish jelly was described. The inexpediency of plant-derived structure formers (apple and citrus pectins, locust bean gum, NH-pectin, agar-agar of various dosages) usage were established. The most effective gelling additive was found to be a beef gelatin (220 bloom) at a dose of 5%, which provided the best organoleptic and physical properties of the gelled culinary product. Recipes were developed and samples of a gelled culinary product were made with the usage of valuable stingray meat, as well as secondary food raw materials and pickled vegetables. The optimal formulation, chemical composition and nutritional value of the new type of fish-meat gelled culinary product were determined.
Principles of rational nutrition in a student's life
Authors: Eremenko V. N. , Sinko O. V. , Ageeva K. S.
Published: September 2023

In the modern world, a person is obliged to solve various tasks related to his professional activity, family life and cultural development. In pursuit of success, he may forget about the need to maintain the health of his body. However, everyone realizes that he needs a healthy sleep, physical activity during the day and food that satisfies the need for a variety of substances. Our body is able to work smoothly and regulate all life processes only if we take care of it carefully. Taking care of health is a whole system of actions, performing which a person can contribute to improving the state of the body and preventing various diseases. An important aspect of a healthy lifestyle is nutrition, it must meet all the needs of the body in nutrients. Nutrition is the key to health, and currently an increasing number of people are realizing this, but in this article we are considering the category of 2nd year students. The rhythm of students' life is quite specific, this is explained by the presence of voluminous homework and course projects, stress during exams and high workload during the semester. All the difficulties of student life distract students' attention from what they eat. Moreover, in the modern world there is a problem associated with an excess of cheap, but inferior food, so often the diet of students is illiterate. To solve this problem, it is necessary to find out what students know about proper nutrition. In this article, the question of students' awareness of the principles of rational nutrition was analyzed and the survey data on students' nutrition were studied
The physiological role of green tea catechins
Authors: Soboleva O. A. , Minina V. I. , Vorobyeva E. E. , Milentyeva I. S. , Astafeva E. A.
Published: September 2023

Green tea is one of the most popular drinks consumed in the world. Important components contained in green tea and having antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties are catechins - organic substances belonging to the class of polyphenolic compounds. Green tea contains 4 main catechins: (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. This review summarizes the results of key studies, predominantly performed over the last 5 years, which provide evidence that catechins in green tea protect against ultraviolet radiation, can improve the quality of life of patients suffering from cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, viral, infectious diseases, obesity and a number of other pathologies, as well as serve as a measure for the prevention of these diseases in healthy individuals. The most potent catechin found in green tea has been shown to be (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. The anticarcinogenic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the case of prostate cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer are presented. The powerful antioxidant activity of catechins can form the basis for the prevention of the development of infectious and viral diseases, as well as improve the quality of life of patients with metabolic syndrome and obesity. Thus, green tea is not only a tonic drink, but also an important tool for the prevention and treatment of human diseases, in the pathogenesis of which free radical oxidation and oxidative stress play an important role. The areas of practical application of green tea catechins can be the treatment of malignant tumors (during a course of chemotherapy or radiation therapy), the treatment of viral, infectious and cardiovascular diseases, skin protection from ultraviolet rays, etc.
Analysis of the quality indicators of whole grain bread on hop ferments
Authors: Bykovskaya E. I. , Kovaleva A. E. , Pyanikova E. A. , Govyadova I. A.
Published: September 2023

The study presents a comparative analysis of the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of five samples of whole-grain bread produced using various ferments based on hop cones. The quality assessment was carried out according to the following indicators: shape, surface, color, baking, porosity, promes, taste and smell, and then all samples were compared with the GOST readings and compared with each other. According to the results of the analysis of quality indicators, a prescription composition has been identified that has the most promising chemical and physical characteristics. All samples of whole-grain bread with the proposed ferments according to organoleptic parameters corresponded to the control sample developed according to the classical recipe and the requirements specified in GOST. According to physico-chemical parameters, all the studied samples also met the requirements of GOST. The use of whole-grain sourdough based on hop cones in the bread recipe had a positive effect on the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. At the same time, the products acquired a color from golden to dark golden (a darker shade in sample No. 3 with the addition of licorice root to the starter), had a pleasant bread taste and smell characteristic of this product name. When assessing porosity, it was found that in all samples, except sample No. 3, a more developed structure is observed, but the indicator does not go beyond the requirements of regulatory documents. During the storage of whole grain bread samples after 72 hours, the moisture content of the crumb decreased in sample No. 1 by 1.5%, sample No. 2 – by 2.3%, sample No. 3 – by 3.1%, sample No. 4 – by 3.1%. According to this indicator, sample No. 3 did not meet the requirements of GOST. Samples of wholegrain bread No. 1, No. 2 and No. 4 according to the results of the conducted studies meet the requirements of regulatory documentation, but the best and recommended for implementation is sample No. 1.
X-ray diffraction analysis of maltodextrins obtained by acid and enzyme hydrolysis of starch
Authors: Fedorova A. M. , Russakov D. M. , Milentyeva I. S. , Pozdnyakova A. V. , Altshuler O. G.
Published: September 2023

X-ray diffraction is one of the methods that can be successfully applied to identify various chemical compounds in polycrystalline mixtures, for example, such as food additives. X-ray diffraction makes it possible to understand the compositions of such mixtures. Maltodextrin is a multifunctional food additive, which is obtained by incomplete enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of starch. The purpose of the study is to study samples of maltodextrin based on potato and corn starch by X-ray diffraction analysis. The main objects of the study were maltodextrin obtained by enzymatic and acid cleavage of potato and corn starch. To obtain diffractograms of maltodextrin samples, a powder diffractometer (DRON-8, Russia) was used in parallel beams focused by a Goebel mirror (Germany). During the study of diffractograms, the phase structure was established for all starch and maltodextrin samples. Thus, an amorphous structure has been established for maltodextrin obtained by enzymatic cleavage of potato and corn starch, maltodextrin obtained by acid hydrolysis of potato and corn starch has a partially crystallized structure. The degree of crystallization during acid splitting of starches is 28%. In the samples of maltodextrins obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of corn starch, some content of calcium (3.69 keV), chlorine (2.62 and 2.82 keV) and potassium (3.31 and 3.59 keV) was found. In the samples of maltodextrins obtained by acid splitting of potato and corn starch, the calcium content is present in greater quantities (4.01 keV).
Breading systems: I. Types, properties, quality
Authors: Molchanova E. N. , Berdimuratova M.
Published: September 2023

Fried foods are valued all over the world for their taste. Breading systems play a special role in the textural properties of such products. Changes in the dietary habits of the population contribute to an increase in the consumption of products in batter and breadcrumbs. The aim of the work was to summarize and analyze scientific publications on breading systems, their classification, composition, the role of individual components in the formation of quality, as well as the effect of deep frying on oil absorption and ways to reduce it. The object of the study was peer-reviewed foreign and domestic scientific literature, placed in the Scopus, Sciencedirect, RSCI databases. Methods of search, selection, systematization, generalization and analysis of scientific publications are used. It has been determined that the term breading systems can characterize any combination of components applied to the semi-finished product to create a crispy crust and the desired taste during further heat treatment. The main role as traditional breading systems is given to wheat gluten proteins, which, when kneaded, form a structural matrix with adhesive properties. An analysis of scientific literature has shown that one of the problems of breaded products is an increased calorie content due to the absorption of oil during cooking. Among several mechanisms of this process, the greatest role is given to the "vacuum" effect during cooling of the product. Fat absorption is affected by the properties of food and cooking oil. It has been established that one of the effective ways to reduce fat absorption is the formation of a barrier film with additional ingredients of the food matrix (proteins of animal and vegetable origin, cellulose derivatives and various gums), as well as the use of new frying techniques. It is shown that this direction is of interest for further research and opens up new opportunities for the industry to form products in demand.
Development of the «mail slice» cake and inclusion in the fermented peptide-containing milk whey: systematic review
Authors: Ruban N. V. , Solopova A. V. , Polovinkina D. I. , Solopova M. V. , Bystrov D. I. , Suvorov O. A.
Published: September 2023

The production of products with fermented peptide-containing milk whey can be classified as a new trend in the food industry. Despite the fact that milk whey is not a new product on the market, previously it received less attention. Now in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, China, France, Italy and many other countries began to pay more attention to this product as an indispensable source of biologically active milk peptides. The purpose of this research work is to study and analyze various domestic and foreign sources of literature containing information about the use of fermented peptide-containing milk whey in the food industry; its benefits for the human body, as well as the possibility of using it in the manufacture of dessert "Milk Slice". During the work in the databases Scopus, Google Scholar and RSCI about 730 articles were selected and studied, the time interval from 2015 to 2022. As a result of the work done, we can conclude that this research topic is relevant. There is a trend in the development of science and technology in the application of fermented peptide-containing milk whey in food production. And "Milk slice" with peptide-containing whey can be a source of functional substances such as: biologically active milk peptides and organic nitrogen.
MAKNA ANDING-ANDINGEN DALAM BAHASA KARO: KAJIAN ANTROPOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Saragih Ramadani , Mawaddah Intan , Rantika Dwi , Tarigan Dea Opita , Basaria Ida
Published: September 2023

Masyarakat Karo kaya akan budaya lokal, salah satunya adalah peribahasa yang disebut dengan anding-andingen. Tujuan peneltian ini untuk mendeskripsikan makna dan nilai-nilai budaya yang terkandung dalam anding-andingen bahasa Karo yang ditinjau dari pendekatan antropolinguistik. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif. Data yang digunakan berupa data lisan dan tulisan. Penyediaan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode simak, yaitu dengan menyimak penggunaan bahasa, dilanjutkan dengan teknik sadap, dan teknik simak libat cakap (SLC). Metode penyajian hasil analisis data menggunakan metode informal. Hasil pnelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna yang terkandung dalam anding-andingen bahasa Karo ada empat, yaitu  nasehat, sindiran, harapan, dan penyamaan. Nilai-nilai  budaya yang terdapat pada anding-andingen bahasa Karo adalah mengacu pada hubungan manusia-alam (MA), manusia-manusia (MM), hubungan manusia-kegiatan (MK), hubungan manusia-waktu (MW), dan hubungan manusia-Tuhan (MT).
THE REFLECTION OF SOCIAL VALUES IN THE CHARACTER OF FREDERICK WENTWORTH IN JANE AUSTEN’S, PERSUASION
Authors: A. Lagonah Yunia Prasticia , Baga Magdalena , Usu Novi Rusnarty
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to describe the reflection of social values using the analysis of Sociology of Literature under the character of Frederick Wentworth in Persuasion by Jane Austen. This study was a qualitative descriptive study using the approach of Sociology of Literature. The data was collected through note-taking method which was primary obtained from the novel of Jane Austen Persuasion. It was then analysed using the sociology of literature by only focusing on the sociology of the work aspect. The results of the study showed that there were discriminations and judgements towards the character of Frederick due to his social status. However, Frederick's character who was dealing with a society that prioritised great importance on social status was not affected by the assessment directed at him. The character of Frederick has reflected the value of social, such as tolerating and dedicating as the opposition of values that he had to receive. Hence, the judgement which emerged had no bad influence at all in the development of his character.
TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM FILM SEPERTI DENDAM, RINDU HARUS DIBAYAR TUNTAS
Authors: Ayu Hanita , Wirawati Denik
Published: September 2023

Salah satu unsur sebuah film adalah dialog antartokoh. Dalam dialog film ditengarai terdapat berbagai jenis tindak tutur dan salah satunya adalah tindak tutur direktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan fungsi tindak tutur direktif dalam film Seperti Dendam Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas yang disutradarai oleh Edwin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk mengumpulkan data dilakukan dengan teknik simak bebas libat cakap. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode padan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 66 tindak tutur direktif. Ditinjau dari bentuknya, tindak tutur direktir tersebut meliputi tuturan direktif permintaan sebanyak 10, pertanyaan sebanyak 20, perintah sebanyak 22 tuturan, larangan sebanyak 4, pemberian izin sebanyak 1, dan tuturan direktif nasihat sebanyak 8. Dengan demikian, sedangkan bentuk tindak tutur direktif paling sedikit yaitu tuturan direktif pemberian izin.
KALIMAT IMPERATIF PADA YOUTUBE DEVINA HERMAWAN DAN PEMANFATAANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEKS PROSEDUR DI SMP
Authors: Kurniawati Leni , Sudarmini Sudarmini
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) bentuk kalimat imperatif pada kanal Yotuube Devina Hermawan, (2) fungsi kalimat imperatif pada kanal Youtube Devina Hermawan, dan (3) keterkaitan kalimat imperatif pada kanal Youtube Devina Hermawan dengan bahan ajar teks prosedur kelas VII SMP. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode simak dengan teknik dasar sadap dan teknik lanjutan Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SBLC) dan teknik catat. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu human instrument dengan kartu data dan tabulasi data. Metode dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan penelitian ini yaitu metode agih dengan teknik dasar Bagi Unsur Langsung (BUL) dan teknik lanjutan teknik lesap. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu (1) bentuk kalimat imperatif pada kanal Youtube Devina Hermawan ditemukan kalimat perintah sebanyak 129 data, kalimat larangan 33 data, dan kalimat imbauan 41 data. (2) Fungsi kalimat imperatif pada kanal Youtube Devina Hermawan ditemukan sebanyak 163 data yang terdiri dari fungsi menyuruh ditemukan sebanyak 124 data, fungsi mengajak 9 data, dan fungsi melarang 30 data.  (3) Penelitian kalimat imperatif pada kanal Youtube Devina Hermawan memiliki keterkaitan dengan bahan ajar teks prosedur kelas 7 SMP. 
MCHALE’S POSTMODERN PERSPECTIVE IN AIMEE CARTER’S THE GODDESS TEST
Authors: Setyowati Titis Ima
Published: September 2023

This research study intends to reveal the postmodern features in The Goddess Test (2011), especially in the existence of the plurality of the worlds, the strategies used to construct the worlds and in its construction, the worlds under erasure. The theory that is used to analyze is the concepts of postmodern fiction by Brian McHale. The main data comes from The Goddess Test by Aimee Carter which is published in 2011. The result shows that there are plurality of the worlds and its construction of world under erasure in The Goddess Test. Therefore, The Goddess Test fulfills the postmodern fiction requirements by using McHale’s strategies to illustrate the worlds, and its construction.