bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tadpoles of hybridising fire-bellied toads (B. bombina and B. variegata) differ in their susceptibility to predation
Authors: Smolinský Radovan , Baláž Vojtech , Nürnberger Beate
Published: December 2020

The role of adaptive divergence in the formation of new species has been the subject of much recent debate. The most direct evidence comes from traits that can be shown to have diverged under natural selection and that now contribute to reproductive isolation. Here, we investigate differential adaptation of two fire-bellied toads (Anura, Bombinatoridae) to two types of aquatic habitat.Bombina bombinaandB.variegataare two anciently diverged taxa that now reproduce in predator-rich ponds and ephemeral aquatic sites, respectively. Nevertheless, they hybridise extensively wherever their distribution ranges adjoin. We show in laboratory experiments that, as expected,B.variegatatadpoles are at relatively greater risk of predation from dragonfly larvae, even when they display a predator-induced phenotype. These tadpoles spent relatively more time swimming and so prompted more attacks from the visually hunting predators. We argue in the discussion that genomic regions linked to high activity inB.variegatashould be barred from introgression into theB.bombinagene pool and thus contribute to gene flow barriers that keep the two taxa from merging into one.
Optimized culture of retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells from adult mice
Authors: Park Yong H. , Snook Joshua D. , Zhuang Iris , Shen Guofu , Frankfort Benjamin J.
Published: December 2020

Cell culture is widely utilized to study the cellular and molecular biology of different neuronal cell populations. Current techniques to study enriched neurons in vitro are primarily limited to embryonic/neonatal animals and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Although the use of these cultures is valuable, the accessibility of purified primary adult neuronal cultures would allow for improved assessment of certain neurological diseases and pathways at the cellular level. Using a modified 7-step immunopanning technique to isolate for retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and amacrine cells (ACs) from adult mouse retinas, we have successfully developed a model of neuronal culture that maintains for at least one week. Isolations of Thy1.2+ cells are enriched for RGCs, with the isolation cell yield being congruent to the theoretical yield of RGCs in a mouse retina. ACs of two different populations (CD15+ and CD57+) can also be isolated. The populations of these three adult neurons in culture are healthy, with neurite outgrowths in some cases greater than 500μm in length. Optimization of culture conditions for RGCs and CD15+ cells revealed that neuronal survival and the likelihood of neurite outgrowth respond inversely to different culture media. Serially diluted concentrations of puromycin decreased cultured adult RGCs in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the potential usefulness of these adult neuronal cultures in screening assays. This novel culture system can be used to model in vivo neuronal behaviors. Studies can now be expanded in conjunction with other methodologies to study the neurobiology of function, aging, and diseases.
Silicon supplementation affects mineral metabolism but not bone density or strength in male broilers
Authors: Pritchard Abby , Robison Cara , Nguyen Tristin , Nielsen Brian D.
Published: December 2020

Because leg injuries produce welfare concerns and impact production for broilers, numerous interventions have been suggested as potential solutions. One mineral which may affect bone quality is silicon. The objective of this study was to determine if supplementing bioavailable silicon could affect bone morphology, mineralization, and strength without negatively influencing welfare and meat quality. Male broilers were raised from d 1 after hatching until 42 d of age and randomly assigned to treatment groups for silicon supplementation in water: Control (no supplement, C; n = 125), Normal (0.011 ml supplement/kg bodyweight, N; n = 125) and High (0.063 ml supplement/kg bodyweight, H; n = 125). Toe damage, footpad dermatitis, hock burn, and keel blisters were assessed on d 42. Blood samples were collected from wing veins for serum osteocalcin, pyridinoline cross-links, and mineral analysis. Clinical QCT scans and analysis were conducted immediately before four-point bending tests of tibias. Texture analysis was performed on cooked fillets. Silicon supplementation tended to increase daily water consumption in N and H as compared to C (P = 0.07). Footpad dermatitis and hock burn scores were higher in H than in N or C (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Supplementation altered serum minerals (P < 0.001), but bone density, morphology, and strength measures were similar among groups. The highest level of supplementation in the current study on a kg bodyweight basis was above recommended intakes but below previous amounts demonstrating silicon’s positive influence on bone, indicating that previously suggested minimum thresholds need to be reevaluated. Factors such as growth rate and mechanical loading likely play a greater role in developing bone quality than trying to supplement on top of good basic nutrition alone.
Prevalence and predictors of death and severe disease in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 77 studies and 38,000 patients
Authors: Dorjee Kunchok , Kim Hyunju , Bonomo Elizabeth , Dolma Rinchen
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Progression of COVID-19 to severe disease and death is insufficiently understood.

Objective

Summarize the prevalence of risk factors and adverse outcomes and determine their associations in COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science for case-series and observational studies of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through August 31, 2020. Data were analyzed by fixed-effects meta-analysis using Shore’s adjusted confidence intervals to address heterogeneity.

Results

Seventy-seven studies comprising 38906 hospitalized patients met inclusion criteria; 21468 from the US-Europe and 9740 from China. Overall prevalence of death [% (95% CI)] from COVID-19 was 20% (18–23%); 23% (19–27%) in the US and Europe and 11% (7–16%) for China. Of those that died, 85% were aged≥60 years, 66% were males, and 66%, 44%, 39%, 37%, and 27% had hypertension, smoking history, diabetes, heart disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), respectively. The case fatality risk [%(95% CI)] were 52% (46–60) for heart disease, 51% (43–59) for COPD, 48% (37–63) for chronic kidney disease (CKD), 39% for chronic liver disease (CLD), 28% (23–36%) for hypertension, and 24% (17–33%) for diabetes. Summary relative risk (sRR) of death were higher for age≥60 years [sRR = 3.6; 95% CI: 3.0–4.4], males [1.3; 1.2–1.4], smoking history [1.3; 1.1–1.6], COPD [1.7; 1.4–2.0], hypertension [1.8; 1.6–2.0], diabetes [1.5; 1.4–1.7], heart disease [2.1; 1.8–2.4], CKD [2.5; 2.1–3.0]. The prevalence of hypertension (55%), diabetes (33%), smoking history (23%) and heart disease (17%) among the COVID-19 hospitalized patients in the US were substantially higher than that of the general US population, suggesting increased susceptibility to infection or disease progression for the individuals with comorbidities.

Conclusions

Public health screening for COVID-19 can be prioritized based on risk-groups. Appropriately addressing the modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes could reduce morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19; public messaging can be accordingly adapted.
Controlling social desirability bias: An experimental investigation of the extended crosswise model
Authors: Meisters Julia , Hoffmann Adrian , Musch Jochen
Published: December 2020

Indirect questioning techniques such as the crosswise model aim to control for socially desirable responding in surveys on sensitive personal attributes. Recently, the extended crosswise model has been proposed as an improvement over the original crosswise model. It offers all of the advantages of the original crosswise model while also enabling the detection of systematic response biases. We applied the extended crosswise model to a new sensitive attribute, campus islamophobia, and present the first experimental investigation including an extended crosswise model, and a direct questioning control condition, respectively. In a paper-pencil questionnaire, we surveyed 1,361 German university students using either a direct question or the extended crosswise model. We found that the extended crosswise model provided a good model fit, indicating no systematic response bias and allowing for a pooling of the data of both groups of the extended crosswise model. Moreover, the extended crosswise model yielded significantly higher estimates of campus Islamophobia than a direct question. This result could either indicate that the extended crosswise model was successful in controlling for social desirability, or that response biases such as false positives or careless responding have inflated the estimate, which cannot be decided on the basis of the available data. Our findings highlight the importance of detecting response biases in surveys implementing indirect questioning techniques.
Spatial interactions in urban scaling laws
Authors: Altmann Eduardo G.
Published: December 2020

Analyses of urban scaling laws assume that observations in different cities are independent of the existence of nearby cities. Here we introduce generative models and data-analysis methods that overcome this limitation by modelling explicitly the effect of interactions between individuals at different locations. Parameters that describe the scaling law and the spatial interactions are inferred from data simultaneously, allowing for rigorous (Bayesian) model comparison and overcoming the problem of defining the boundaries of urban regions. Results in five different datasets show that including spatial interactions typically leads to better models and a change in the exponent of the scaling law.
An integrative systematic review of creative arts interventions for older informal caregivers of people with neurological conditions
Authors: Irons J. Yoon , Garip Gulcan , Cross Ainslea J. , Sheffield David , Bird Jamie
Published: December 2020

Objective

We aimed to assess and synthesise the current state of quantitative and qualitative research concerning creative arts interventions for older informal caregivers of people with neurological conditions.

Methods

A systematic search was employed to identify studies that examined creative arts interventions for older informal caregivers, which were synthesised in this integrative review. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We also backwards searched references of all relevant studies and inspected trials registers.

Results

Of the 516 studies identified, 17 were included: one was quantitative, nine were qualitative and seven used mixed methods. All included quantitative studies were pilot or feasibility studies employing pre- and post-test design with small sample sizes. Studies varied in relation to the type of creative intervention and evaluation methods, which precluded meta-analysis. Large effect sizes were detected in wellbeing measures following singing and art interventions. The qualitative synthesis highlighted that interventions created space for caregivers to make sense of, accept and adapt to their identity as a caregiver. Personal developments, such as learning new skills, were viewed positively by caregivers as well as welcoming the opportunity to gain cognitive and behavioural skills, and having opportunities to unload emotions in a safe space were important to caregivers. Group creative interventions were particularly helpful in creating social connections with their care-recipients and other caregivers.

Conclusions

The current review revealed all creative interventions focused on caregivers of people living with dementia; subsequently, this identified gaps in the evidence of creative interventions for informal caregivers of other neurological conditions. There are encouraging preliminary data on music and art interventions, however, little data exists on other art forms, e.g., drama, dance. Creative interventions may appeal to many caregivers, offering a range of psycho-social benefits. The findings of the current review open the way for future research to develop appropriate and creative arts programmes and to test their efficacy with robust tools.
Transparent number-naming system gives only limited advantage for preschooler's numerical development: Comparisons of Vietnamese and French-speaking children
Authors: Lê Mai-Liên T. , Noël Marie-Pascale
Published: December 2020

Several cross-sectional studies have suggested that the transparency of the number-naming system of East Asian languages (Chinese, Japanese) facilitates children's numerical development. The Vietnamese number-naming system also makes the base-10 system very explicit (eleven is "mười một," literally "ten-one," and thirty is "ba mươi," literally "three-ten"). In contrast, Western languages (English, French) include teen words (eleven to sixteen) and ten words (twenty to ninety) that make their counting systems less transparent. The main question addressed in this paper is: To what extent does a language's number-naming system impact preschoolers' numerical development? Our study participants comprised 104 Vietnamese and 104 French-speaking Belgian children between 3½ and 5½ years of age, as well as their parents. We tested the children on eight numerical tasks (counting, advanced counting, enumeration, Give-N, number-word comparison, collection comparison, addition, and approximate addition) and some general cognitive abilities (IQ and phonological loop by letter span). The parents completed a questionnaire on the frequency with which they stimulated their child's numeracy and literacy at home. The results indicated that Vietnamese children outperformed Belgian children only in counting. However, neither group differed in other symbolic or non-symbolic abilities, although Vietnamese parents tended to stimulate their child at home slightly more than Belgian parents. We concluded that the Vietnamese number-naming system's transparency led to faster acquisition of basic counting for preschoolers but did not support other more advanced numerical skills or non-symbolic numerical abilities. In addition, we extended the evidence that both transparent number-naming system and home numeracy influence young children's counting development.
Spatial distribution of benthic foraminifera in the Lagos Lagoon (Nigeria): Tracing the impact of environmental perturbations
Authors: Fajemila Olugbenga T. , Sariaslan Nisan , Langer Martin R.
Published: December 2020

Lagos Lagoon is among Africa’s largest estuarine ecosystems, bordered by one of the fastest growing megacities in the world and the ultimate repository of contaminants carried in industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes. The high levels of pollutants have progressively deteriorated the water quality, adversely affected lagoon ecosystems, impacted the livelihood of the coastal population and pose serious risks to human health. Benthic foraminifera are excellent proxies and sensitive bioindicators of environmental disturbances but comprehensive studies on the structure, distribution, diversity and impact of pollution upon foraminiferal communities have not yet been conducted in the Lagos Lagoon. To demonstrate the potential of foraminifera as proxies of environmental perturbations, benthic foraminifera were investigated on a lagoon-wide basis. Lagos Lagoon comprises areas that range from low levels of direct impact to those of severely affected by various forms of anthropogenic disturbance. The goals of this study are to analyze patterns of distribution and species richness, to document foraminiferal community structures, and to identify taxa that track documented records of pollution in Lagos Lagoon sediments. Heat maps were generated from abundance records for selected species to illustrate environmental preferences and relative resistance levels to individual forms of anthropogenic disturbance. Sediments were analyzed for a range of physicochemical properties, via a multi-parameter sensor probe-device, including temperature, pH, depth and total dissolved solids (TDS). Quantitative analysis of 24 sediment samples yielded a total 3872 individuals of benthic foraminifera that belong to 42 species and 25 genera. They comprise 10 porcellaneous, 22 hyaline perforate and 10 agglutinated species.Ammobaculites exiguus,Ammotium salsum,Ammonia aoteana,Ammonia convexaandTrochamminasp. 1 have been found to be the most abundant species. For the first time, the complete present-day foraminifera fauna is illustrated here via scanning electron microscopy. The features recorded allow to assess the spatial effects of pollution upon foraminiferal assemblages on a lagoon-wide basis. The data generated may ultimately form the basis to assess the progressive deterioration of Lagos Lagoon ecosystems from cores by using benthic foraminifera as bioindicators of environmental perturbation.
Dose-dependent effects of necrostatin-1 supplementation to tissue culture media of young porcine islets
Authors: Lau Hien , Corrales Nicole , Rodriguez Samuel , Luong Colleen , Mohammadi Mohammadreza , Khosrawipour Veria , Li Shiri , Alexander Michael , de Vos Paul , Lakey Jonathan R. T.
Published: December 2020

Previous studies have shown that necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) supplementation improved the viability of murine islets following exposure to nitric oxide, increased the survival of human islets during hypoxic culture, and augmented the maturation of pre-weaned porcine islets (PPIs) after 7 days of tissue culture. A limitation of these studies is that only one concentration of Nec-1 was used, and no studies have determined the optimal dose of Nec-1 for PPIs. Thus, the present study examined the effects of Nec-1 on PPIs at four different doses—0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM—after 7 days of tissue culture when supplemented on day 3. PPIs were isolated from pancreata of pre-weaned Yorkshire piglets (8–15 days old) and cultured in a specific islet maturation media added with Nec-1 on day 3 of tissue culture at 4 different doses—0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM (n = 6 for each dose). After 7 days of tissue culture, islets were assessed for recovery, viability, endocrine cellular content, GLUT2 expression in beta cells, and insulin secretion after glucose challenge. Nec-1 did not affect the viability of both intact islets and dissociated islets cells during tissue culture regardless of doses. Islets cultured in media supplemented with Nec-1 at 100 μM, but not 25, 50, or 200 μM, had a significantly higher recovery, composition of endocrine cells, GLUT2 expression in beta cells, and insulin secretion capacity than control islets cultured in media without Nec-1 supplementation. Moreover, culturing islets in 200 μM Nec-1 supplemented media not only failed to improve the insulin release but resulted in a lower glucose-induced insulin stimulation index compared to islets cultured in media added with 100 μM Nec-1. Xenotransplantation using porcine islets continues to demonstrate scientific advances to justify this area of research. Our findings indicate that Nec-1 supplementation at 100 μM was most effective to enhance thein vitromaturation of PPIs during tissue culture.
Behavioral measures to fight COVID-19: An 8-country study of perceived usefulness, adherence and their predictors
Authors: Margraf Jürgen , Brailovskaia Julia , Schneider Silvia
Published: December 2020

Behavioral measures, such as the wearing of facemasks and maintaining of distance to other people, have been central in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to be important in curbing its spread. We therefore investigated their perceived usefulness, adherence and their predictors in representative online samples in eight countries (France, Germany, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, U.K., U.S.). Of the 7,658 participants, 77.4% rated governmental measures (highest: Germany, lowest: France) as useful and 91.7% reported adherence to them. Adherence was lowest in Russia and Poland, where people felt particularly left alone and not well supported, and in the U.S. and Sweden, where governments showed ambivalent attitudes towards the measures. The highest adherence was reported in countries with very high mortality (U.K., Spain, France) or very positively perceived government communication (Germany). Female gender, higher age, belonging to a risk group, being affected physically and mentally, perception of governmental communication as guided by the interests of people, feeling of being well informed and the level of positive mental health positively predicted both outcomes, while being affected economically negatively predicted both outcomes. Country-specific results are considered in the light of the protection motivation theory and the theory of planned behavior together with potential ways to improve active participation of the population. Overall, we recommend the governments and authorities to stress that each individual can contribute to the control of the COVID-19 situation by adherence to the measures in the public communication. Moreover, they should emphasize the risk of unconscious infection of older individuals by younger people, as well as the importance of physical activity for the protection of mental and physical health especially during the pandemic.
Closing the gender gap at academic conferences: A tool for monitoring and assessing academic events
Authors: Corona-Sobrino Carmen , García-Melón Mónica , Poveda-Bautista Rocio , González-Urango Hannia
Published: December 2020

The importance of participation in academic conferences is well known for members of the scientific community. It is not only for the feedback and the improvement of the work, it is also about career development, building networks and increasing visibility. Nevertheless, women continue to be under-represented in these academic events and even more so in the most visible positions such as speaking roles. This paper presents the development of a tool based on performance indicators, which will allow monitoring and evaluating gender roles and inequalities in academic conferences in order to tackle the underrepresentation of women. The study identifies relevant perspectives (participation, organizational structure and attitudes) and designs specific lists of performance indicators for each of them. The tool is based on a combination of two multicriteria techniques, Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Hierarchy Process Sort, and a qualitative analysis based on in-depth interviews and information gathered from a focus group. The use of the AHP multi-criteria decision technique has allowed us to weight the indicators according to the opinion of several experts, and with them to be able to generate from these weightings composite indicators for each of the three dimensions. The most relevant indicators were for the participation dimension. Additionally, the tool developed has been applied to an academic conference which has been monitored in real time. The results are shown as a traffic light visualization approach, where red means bad performance, yellow average performance and green good performance, helping us to present the results for each indicator. Finally, proposals for improvement actions addressed to the red indicators are explained. The work carried out highlights the need to broaden the study of gender equality in academic conferences, not only regarding the participation but also the performance of different roles and functions.
Novel computer-based assessments of everyday visual function in people with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Higgins Bethany E. , Taylor Deanna J. , Bi Wei , Binns Alison M. , Crabb David P.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To test the hypothesis that the performance in novel computer-based tasks of everyday visual function worsens with disease severity in people with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods

Participants with and without non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (≥60 years, minimum logMAR binocular visual acuity 0.7) performed a series of standard visual function tests and two novel computer-based tasks. In a visual search task, participants had to locate an image of a single real-world object within an array of 49 distractor images. Next, in a series of simulated dynamic driving scenes, participants were asked to identify one or two approaching real-world road signs and then select these road signs from four options. Outcome measures were median response times and total correct responses.

Results

Forty-nine participants had no macular disease (n = 11), early/intermediate age-related macular degeneration (n = 16) or geographic atrophy (n = 22). Groups were age-similar with median (interquartile range) logMAR visual acuity of 0.00 (-0.08,0.12), 0.13 (-0.08,0.70) and 0.32 (0.12,0.70) respectively. Median (interquartile range) visual search response times were 1.9 (1.0,2.4), 1.8 (1.1,3.7) and 2.4 (1.2,6.0) seconds respectively. Median (interquartile range) road sign response times (single road signs) were 1.2 (0.4,1.7), 1.5 (0.9,2.8) and 1.8 (1.0,5.5) seconds respectively. Median (interquartile range) road sign response times (double road signs) were 1.7 (0.7,2.4), 2.3 (1.2,3.1) and 2.5 (1.7,6) seconds respectively. Participants with geographic atrophy recorded slower response times in all tasks and over 50% performed outside the normative limit for task performance. There were no significant differences between groups in total correct responses across all tasks.

Conclusions

In a novel computer-based assessment, people with increasing severity of age-related macular degeneration take longer to perform visual search of everyday objects and take longer to identify road signs than those with no age-related macular degeneration. These novel assessments could be useful as patient-relevant, secondary outcomes for clinical trials.
Persuasion effect of corporate social responsibility initiatives in professional sport franchise: Moderating effect analysis
Authors: Chen Chen-Yueh , Lin Yi-Hsiu
Published: December 2020

This study used the elaboration likelihood model as a theoretical basis to explore the effects of various persuasion strategies on consumer perception and attitude regarding the corporate image of sports organizations that engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. The moderating effects of involvement, sports team identification, and sports fan curiosity were also examined. The multiple-study approach was employed to increase the external validity of the research. Two studies with cross-sectional between-subject pre–post experimental design were conducted with a total of 390 participants. The research setting was the Fubon Guardians baseball team of the Chinese Professional Baseball League in Study I and the Taiwan Beer Basketball Team of the Super Basketball League in Study II. Communication through the central and peripheral routes improved consumers’ CSR perception. Furthermore, under low involvement, weak sports team identification, and low sports fan curiosity conditions, communication through the central route and peripheral route improved the participants’ CSR perception. However, under high involvement, strong sports team identification, and high sports fan curiosity conditions, the different communication methods had nonsignificantly different effects. The findings of this study provide both academic contributions and practical implications.
Accurate spatiotemporal mapping of drug overdose deaths by machine learning of drug-related web-searches
Authors: Campo David S. , Gussler Joseph W. , Sue Amanda , Skums Pavel , Khudyakov Yury
Published: December 2020

Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for overdose death (ODD), infections with HIV, hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and noninfectious health conditions. Spatiotemporal identification of PWID communities is essential for developing efficient and cost-effective public health interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with injection-drug use (IDU). Reported ODDs are a strong indicator of the extent of IDU in different geographic regions. However, ODD quantification can take time, with delays in ODD reporting occurring due to a range of factors including death investigation and drug testing. This delayed ODD reporting may affect efficient early interventions for infectious diseases. We present a novel model, Dynamic Overdose Vulnerability Estimator (DOVE), for assessment and spatiotemporal mapping of ODDs in different U.S. jurisdictions. Using Google® Web-search volumes (i.e., the fraction of all searches that include certain words), we identified a strong association between the reported ODD rates and drug-related search terms for 2004–2017. A machine learning model (Extremely Random Forest) was developed to produce yearly ODD estimates at state and county levels, as well as monthly estimates at state level. Regarding the total number of ODDs per year, DOVE’s error was only 3.52% (Median Absolute Error, MAE) in the United States for 2005–2017. DOVE estimated 66,463 ODDs out of the reported 70,237 (94.48%) during 2017. For that year, the MAE of the individual ODD rates was 4.43%, 7.34%, and 12.75% among yearly estimates for states, yearly estimates for counties, and monthly estimates for states, respectively. These results indicate suitability of the DOVE ODD estimates for dynamic IDU assessment in most states, which may alert for possible increased morbidity and mortality associated with IDU. ODD estimates produced by DOVE offer an opportunity for a spatiotemporal ODD mapping. Timely identification of potential mortality trends among PWID might assist in developing efficient ODD prevention and HBV, HCV, and HIV infection elimination programs by targeting public health interventions to the most vulnerable PWID communities.
Prevalence of sending, receiving and forwarding sexts among youths: A three-level meta-analysis
Authors: Molla-Esparza Cristian , Losilla Josep-Maria , López-González Emelina
Published: December 2020

By systematic review with a three-level, mixed-effects meta-analysis, this paper examines the prevalence of sexting experiences among youths aimed at analyzing conceptual and methodological moderators that might explain its heterogeneity. A search was conducted of five bibliographic databases and grey literature up until February 2020. The risk of bias in primary studies was assessed. A total of seventy-nine articles met the set inclusion criteria. Mean prevalences for sending, receiving and forwarding sexts were .14 (95% CI: .12, .17), .31 (95% CI: .26, .36) and .07 (95% CI: .05, .09), respectively, expressed as fractions over one. Moderator analyses showed that all sexting experiences increased with age (e.g., the mean prevalence for sending sexts at the age of 12 was .04, whereas, at the age of 16, it was .21) and year of data collection (e.g., the mean prevalence for sending sexts in studies collecting data in 2009 was .07, whereas, in studies collecting data in 2018, it was .33). Subgroup analysis revealed that studies with probabilistic samples led to significantly lower mean prevalences for the sexting experiences of sending (.08, 95% CI: .06, .11), receiving (.19, 95% CI: .15, .24) and forwarding sexts (.04, 95% CI: .03, .07). Self-reported administration procedures also led to more homogeneous prevalence estimates than interviews. Prevalence estimates also varied according to the type of media content (e.g., the mean prevalence for sending sexual text messages was .22, whereas, for sending sexual images or videos, it was .12). Overall, our meta-analysis results suggest high and increasing prevalences of sending and receiving sexts among youths.
Infection of human Nasal Epithelial Cells with SARS-CoV-2 and a 382-nt deletion isolate lacking ORF8 reveals similar viral kinetics and host transcriptional profiles
Authors: Gamage Akshamal M. , Tan Kai Sen , Chan Wharton O. Y. , Liu Jing , Tan Chee Wah , Ong Yew Kwang , Thong Mark , Andiappan Anand K. , Anderson Danielle E. , Wang De Yun , Wang Lin-Fa
Published: December 2020

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global healthcare and economic catastrophe. Understanding of the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is still in its infancy. A 382-nt deletion strain lacking ORF8 (Δ382 herein) was isolated in Singapore in March 2020. Infection with Δ382 was associated with less severe disease in patients, compared to infection with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Here, we established Nasal Epithelial cells (NECs) differentiated from healthy nasal-tissue derived stem cells as a suitable model for the ex-vivo study of SARS-CoV-2 mediated pathogenesis. Infection of NECs with either SARS-CoV-2 or Δ382 resulted in virus particles released exclusively from the apical side, with similar replication kinetics. Screening of a panel of 49 cytokines for basolateral secretion from infected NECs identified CXCL10 as the only cytokine significantly induced upon infection, at comparable levels in both wild-type and Δ382 infected cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed the temporal up-regulation of distinct gene subsets during infection, with anti-viral signaling pathways only detected at late time-points (72 hours post-infection, hpi). This immune response to SARS-CoV-2 was significantly attenuated when compared to infection with an influenza strain, H3N2, which elicited an inflammatory response within 8 hpi, and a greater magnitude of anti-viral gene up-regulation at late time-points. Remarkably, Δ382 induced a host transcriptional response nearly identical to that of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 at every post-infection time-point examined. In accordance with previous results, Δ382 infected cells showed an absence of transcripts mapping to ORF8, and conserved expression of other SARS-CoV-2 genes. Our findings shed light on the airway epithelial response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and demonstrate a non-essential role for ORF8 in modulating host gene expression and cytokine production from infected cells.
Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface and Frontier Molecular Orbital Analyses of N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]succinamic Acid
Authors: Suchetan P.A. , Naveen S. , Lokanath N.K. , Murthy P. Krishna , Deepa Urs M.V.
Published: December 2020

The ortho-CF3 substituent and the N-H bond are in syn-conformation in N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]succinamic acid. In amide and acid functionalities, the carbonyl groups are directed in opposite directions to each other and their related-CH2 groups. syn-Conformation is observed for the acid functionality, where the carbonyl C=O and hydroxyl O-H bonds are directed in the same direction. Three planar fragments comprise of the molecule: aromatic ring (A), core portion -Carm-N(H)-C(=O)-C(H2)-C(H2)(B) and -C(H2)-C(=O)-OH(C). The dihedral angle between a pair of fragments being 48.6(4)º (A and B), 81.6 (4)º (B and C) and 70.5 (5)º (A and C). N-H•••O hydrogen bonds bind the molecules forming C(4) chains in the crystal, and the neighbouring anti-parallel chains are bound by O-H•••O hydrogen bonds resulting in a chair shaped ribbon of one-dimensional nature. The Hirshfeld surface study was carried out, including fingerprint plots. Studies have shown that the interactions with O•••H/H•••O (27.4%), H•••H (27.3%) and H•••F/F•••H (20.2%) substantially added to the surface. Theoretically, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and various global reactivity descriptors were also computed by the density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) approach with a 6-311G(d, p) basis set in the ground state on the geometrically optimized structure in the gas phase.
Synthesis, Characterization of Metal Complexes of Schiff Base derived from
Pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde and 4-Methoxy Aniline and their Biological Studies
Authors: Charles A. , Krishnaveni R. , Sivara K.
Published: December 2020

The metal complexes of Fe(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) have been synthesized from N-((1H-pyrrol-2-
yl)methylene)-4-methoxyaniline. The synthesized Schiff base and its metal complexes were structurally
characterized based on IR, NMR, UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. The presence of coordinated water
molecules were confirmed by thermal studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their
antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Bacillus substilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermis) and
antifungal (Aspergillus flavus) and DNA cleavage activity.
Design, Synthesis and Molecular Modelling Studies of 1-Methyl-3-(4-Substituted phenyl-1,3- thiazol-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones as Potent Anticancer Agents
Authors: Nagaladinne Nizamuddin , Hindustan Abdul Ahad , Nayakanti Devanna
Published: December 2020

The present study involves the design, synthesis, characterization and molecular docking studies of biologically active quinazolin-4-ones, which were synthesized by condensing 2-amino-4-substituted phenylthiazole with N-methylbenzoxazin-4-one. The N-methylbenzoxazin-4-one and 2-amino-4- substituted phenylthiazole were synthesized from N-methylanthranilic acid and substituted ketones, respectively. The ADME properties determined the synthetic accessibility of quinazolin-4-ones by in silico Swiss ADME. The colorectal anticancer screening was done by using cell HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma based on molecular docking studies on 3GC7-the structure of p38alpha in complex with dihydroquinazolinone. Finally, compounds 5Dh8, 5DF6, 5Db2 and 5Di9 exhibited better activity at a concentration < 10 μg/mL when compared to 5-fluorouracil. The ADME properties revealed that all the compounds were within the range and docking studies showed the highest binding with glide score -7.19 and -7.027 Kcal/mol compared to the target protein -10.67 Kcal/mol.
Structural, Thermal, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of La1-xSrxMn0.50Fe0.50O3
{0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.40} Cathode Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Manokamna  , Paul S. , Singh A. , Singh K.L. , Singh A.P.
Published: December 2020

La1-xSrxMn0.50Fe0.50O3 {0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.40} perovskite ceramics material is prepared by solid-state reaction
method and samples are characterized to study their structural, thermal, electrical and dielectric
properties. X-ray diffraction results show that as prepared samples are well crystallized in single
phase and have rhombohedral crystal structure. Density is measured by Archimedes principle and
with Sr substitution its value decreasing. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the weight gain in the
material above 300 ºC. Thermal expansion coefficient value for x = 0.10 and 0.40 composition is
found to be 12.9 × 10-6 ºC−1 and 11.3 × 10-6 ºC−1, respectively upto 800 ºC. Impedance analyzer is used
to study dielectric and electrical properties which show that all the as prepared samples obey non-Debye
relaxation behaviour. The maximum conductivity value is 121.09 S cm-1 for x = 0.10 and 155.96 S
cm-1 for x = 0.40 at 600 ºC and 303.59 S cm-1 for x = 0.10 and 362.35 S cm-1 for x = 0.40 at 800 ºC
which confirmed that in the experimental perovskite the conductivity increases after Sr doping.
Activation energy also found to be decreases with Sr substitution. Therefore, studied properties confirmed
that the as-prepared material is a suitable cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel
cells (SOFCs).
Transrectal Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of a Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Via a Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent
Authors: Shah Ruchit N. , West Sara , Sweeney Kaitlyn M. , Mehta Minesh , Diehl David L.
Published: December 2020

Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a potentially lethal condition, often requiring a combination of medical and surgical interventions. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is a known modality for safe and effective management of pelvic fluid collections, but its role for the treatment of TOA is not well documented. We report the first known case of successful treatment of a large TOA with EUS-guided transrectal drainage using a lumen-apposing metal stent.
IMPACTOS À SAÚDE HUMANA EM REGIÕES DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE EMPREENDIMENTOS HIDRELÉTRICOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Busato Maria Assunta , Nothaft Simone Cristine dos Santos , Felipe Marina Reche , Grisotti Márcia
Published: December 2020

O artigo analisa a literatura científica sobre os impactos à saúde humana no contexto de implantação de empreendimentos hidrelétricos. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, especificamente artigos publicados em periódicos revisados por pares, emergiram três eixos temáticos: doenças causadas por arboviroses e protozoários; acometimentos psicossociais na população atingida e associação com o alcoolismo; e violência e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. A literatura aponta fragilidades dos processos de avaliação prévia, durante e no monitoramento posterior à implementação, dos estudos sobre os impactos sociais e ambientais na saúde das populações atingidas, bem como reforça a necessidade da construção coletiva e sistêmica de possibilidades e ações mitigadoras dos projetos.
A LEISHMANIOSE TEGUMENTAR AMERICANA E SEUS FATORES DE RISCOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE TUCURUÍ, PARÁ, BRASIL: ANÁLISE ESPACIAL E EPIDEMIOLÓGICA
Authors: De Oliveira Rafael Aleixo Coelho , Miranda Claudia do Socorro Carvalho de , Guedes Juan Andrade , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro , Pereira Alba Lucia Ribeiro Raithy , Martins Claudia Nazaré de Souza Almeida Titan , Cabeça Ana Lydia Lédo de Castro Ribeiro , Filgueiras Tainara Carvalho Garcia Miranda , Filgueiras Tainã Carvalho Garcia Miranda , Faria Camylle Maia Costa , Gonçalves Nelson Veiga
Published: December 2020

O estudo objetivou analisar a distribuição espacial da LTA em Tucuruí e a sua relação com variáveis socioambientais e epidemiológicas, no período de 2012 a 2016. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos no SINAN da SESPA e os cartográficos, populacionais, unidades de conservação e terras indígenas, foram obtidos no IBGE. Os ambientais foram obtidos no PRODES. As análises dos casos e da relação espacial destes com o desflorestamento utilizaram o Bioestat 5.0 e o ArcGis 10.5.1, respectivamente. O município teve 286 casos confirmados, distribuídos de forma não homogênea em seus setores censitários.  Os indivíduos mais acometidos foram do sexo masculino, adultos, pardos, baixo nível de escolaridade e moradores da zona urbana. Foi verificado na série histórica um aumento de casos de LTA e do incremento do desmatamento. A análise espacial mostrou a presença de dois aglomerados de casos localizados na área urbana. Foi observado também a existência de um mosaico de ocupações e terras indígenas. A LTA é um grande e complexo problema de saúde pública em Tucuruí, relacionado à fatores de riscos socioambientais, gerados e condicionados pela insuficiência de políticas públicas no município, que pode ter contribuído para a exposição da população local a vários fatores de risco da doença.
Documentário cinematográfico e lugar de fala
Authors: Andrade Matheus , Cortês Gisele
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo refletir acerca do documentário cinematográfico enquanto um lugar de fala. Mirando uma vertente de obras com personagens marginalizados, os filmes se apresentam como um espaço para disputar as narrativas na sociedade, ajudando os sujeitos subalternizados a ocuparem lugares visíveis e oferecerem suas próprias histórias em atrito a narrativas dominantes, as quais são capazes de fabricar a exclusão de grupos sociais. Busca-se, assim, entender esse processo a partir do documentário Meu nome é Jacque, o qual traz uma narrativa sobre uma mulher transexual, contada por ela mesma. Realizou-se uma análise sobre o filme iluminada pelas reflexões acerca do lugar de fala, resistência, discurso e representatividade. Considera-se o documentário, portanto, como uma estratégia de resistência para subverter relações de poder historicamente construídas, a exemplo das pessoas transexuais.
Aristóteles: educação moral e a formação do caráter
Authors: Siquieroli Rosane Viola
Published: December 2020

Aristóteles: educação moral e a formação do caráter
Resumo: O presente artigo se propõe a apresentar uma visão a respeito das noções aristotélicas sobre a aquisição das virtudes morais e ainda estabelecer uma relação com a educação do caráter. Aristóteles atribui à habituação o papel de cultivar na alma humana a motivação para a ação correta. Num primeiro momento será discutido o papel das virtudes e em seguida será feita uma exposição sobre o método aristotélico de aquisição da virtude moral; tendo como resultado a criação e o desenvolvimento da virtude do caráter. 
Palavras-chave: Virtude de caráter, Aristóteles, Educação moral
Aristotle: moral education and character formation
Abstract: This article proposes to present a vision about the Aristotelian notions about the acquisition of the moral virtues and also to establish a relation with the education of the character. Aristotle attributes to habituation the role of cultivating in the human soul the motivation for right action. In a first moment the role of the virtues will be discussed and then an exposition will be made on the Aristotelian method of acquisition of the moral virtue and as a consequence the creation and the development of the virtue of the character and the virtuous agent.
Keywords: virtue of character, Aristotle, moral education
Data de registro: 12/11/2018
Data de aceite: 13/02/2019
O conhecimento das ideias em Schopenhauer
Authors: Salvio Thiago de Souza
Published: December 2020

O conhecimento das ideias em Schopenhauer
O intuito da presente comunicação é deslindar os conceitos fundamentais do que podemos denominar a “Filosofia da Arte” do pensador alemão Arthur Schopenhauer. Este tema propriamente dito não leva o título considerado acima, mas outrossim, “Metafísica do Belo”; com as noções de Ideia, Vontade, Sujeito puro do conhecimento, Gênio, buscaremos obter a compreensão do conhecimento ideal que o autor  em pauta entende por contemplação  estética, para isto, vamos examinar seus textos  principais. 
Palavras-chave: Filosofia da Arte; Metafísica do Belo; Ideias; Schopenhauer.
The knowledge of the ideas in Schopenhauer
Abstract: The purpose of this communication is to unravel the fundamental concepts of what we can call the "Philosophy of Art" of the German thinker Arthur Schopenhauer. This theme itself does not take the title considered above, but otherwise, "Metaphysics of the Beautiful"; with the notions of Idea, Will, Pure subject of knowledge, Genius, we will seek to obtain the understanding of the ideal knowledge that the author in question understands by aesthetic contemplation, for this, we will examine his main texts.
Key-words: Philosophy of Art; Metaphysics of the Beautiful; Ideas; Schopenhauer.
Data de registro: 27/11/2018
Data de aceite: 27/03/2019