bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometric quantitation of muramic acid, a bacterial cell wall component, in septic synovial fluids
Authors: Christensson Bertil , Gilbart James , Fox Alvin , Morgan Stephen L.
Published: February 2007

This is the first report describing the use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for detection of muramic acid in infected synovial fluid (SF). Muramic acid is a ubiquitous component of bacterial cell walls, and it has been proposed that it could serve as a chemical marker for the presence of live bacteria or bacterial debris in rheumatoid joints. Our goal was to determine whether muramic acid was present at detectable levels in septic SF, since this would serve as a positive control for studies of reactive and rheumatoid arthritis. Muramic acid was found to be present at levels of < 250–1, 700 ng/ml in 12 septic SF samples (10 of which were culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus and 1 each for Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae). Among these samples, those containing low bacterial colony counts did not contain detectable muramic acid. Muramic acid was also not detected in any SF samples from 20 control patients. We conclude that muramic acid can be used as a marker for the presence of bacterial peptidoglycan in SF. With further lowering of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detection limits, determination of the quantities of bacterial debris present in joints of patients with rheumatoid or reactive arthritis will be attainable.
Serum keratan sulfate levels in rabbits with experimentally induced osteoarthritis
Authors: Mehraban Fuad , Moskowitz Roland W.
Published: February 2007

Serum keratan sulfate (KS) levels were measured with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5‐D‐4 (anti‐KS) in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by partial meniscectomy. The partial medial meniscectomy produced pathologic changes of OA in the joints of the rabbits, which were seen when the animals were killed at 3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks postsurgery. Tibial or femoral osteophytes were seen in up to 90% of the operated joints; pitting and ulceration of medial femoral condyles were also frequently noted (77% of cases). Rabbits that underwent sham surgery, back‐skin–operated rabbits, or nonoperated normal rabbits served as controls; the joints of these animals were normal at the time of killing. A rise in the level of serum KS was recorded in 50% of rabbits following partial meniscectomy, but this was matched by similar changes in the control groups. The mean serum KS level of the OA animals at serial intervals (3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks) following surgery was not significantly different from that in the control groups. When measured with a second MAb, 2‐D‐3, KS levels showed similar trends as with MAb 5‐D‐4, although lower assay values were obtained. These findings indicate that experimentally induced OA in rabbits is not associated with a significant rise in serum KS levels. KS levels did not differentiate OA from non‐OA animals, nor did they parallel disease progression.
Lack of association of a restriction fragment length polymorphism for serum amyloid P gene with reactive amyloidosis
Authors: Harats Noam , Kluve‐Beckerman Barbara , Skinner Martha , Passo Murray , Quinn Linda , Benson Merrill D.
Published: February 2007

The prevalence of a recently described restriction fragment length polymorphism using Msp I for the serum amyloid P gene was determined in 5 groups of patients. Patients with reactive (secondary) amyloidosis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, related inflammatory conditions, or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with reactive amyloidosis, and healthy control subjects were found to be polymorphic for 8.8‐kb and 5.6‐kb gene fragments; they either had one or the other or both fragments. No significant differences were seen between these groups with relation to this polymorphism, and no correlation with the presence of reactive amyloidosis was observed.
Differences in responses of normal and rheumatoid arthritis peripheral blood t cells to synovial fluid and peripheral blood dendritic cells in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions
Authors: Bergroth Ville , Tsai Van , Zvaifler Nathan J.
Published: February 2007

We examined the response of normal T cells to dendritic cells isolated from the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with either rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or seronegative spondylarthropathies (rheumatoid variants) and to dendritic cells from normal and RA peripheral blood (PB) in the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction. Despite the differences in the response kinetics, the stimulatory capacity of SF dendritic cells was similar to that of PB dendritic cells in a 7‐day mixed leukocyte reaction. We also tested the responsiveness of normal and RA PB T cells to various allogeneic dendritic cells and found that RA PB T cells responded poorly to both rheumatoid variant SF dendritic cells and normal PB dendritic cells. However, when dendritic cells from RA SF were used as stimulators, the response of RA PB T cells was significantly greater than that of normal PB T cells (P < 0.02). This difference in response was explained in part by a proliferation of the CD8 T cell subset. There was also a shift of low‐intensity CD4+, CDw29+ cells to high‐intensity CD4+, CDw29+ cells seen in RA PB T cells but not in normal PB T cells, by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analysis.
Increased levels of proteoglycan fragments in knee joint fluid after injury
Authors: Lohmander L. Stefan , Dahlberg Leif , Ryd Leif , Heinegård Dick
Published: February 2007

We measured levels of cartilage proteoglycan (PG) fragments in knee joint synovial fluid obtained from patients with previous trauma of the knee, early gonarthrosis, or pyrophosphate synovitis, and in age‐matched control subjects. During the initial 3–4 weeks after rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament or the meniscus (confirmed by arthroscopy), markedly increased PG fragment levels were found. At later times after trauma (up to 4 years), many of these patients still had significantly elevated levels of cartilage PG fragments in the joint fluid. In a group of older patients with gonarthrosis, these levels were only moderately elevated, while in patients with acute pseudogout, greatly increased levels were observed. Although longitudinal studies are needed to validate the significance, PG fragments in joint fluid may be a marker for early posttraumatic arthrosis.
Rheumatoid arthritis complicated by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and the development of Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Calabrese Leonard H. , Wilke William S. , Perkins Alvin D. , Tubbs Raymond R.
Published: February 2007

A patient with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis became infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through heterosexual transmission. After the primary phase of the HIV infection, persistent lymphadenopathy, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia developed. Over the ensuing 3 years, the signs and symptoms of inflammatory polyarthritis completely disappeared, and severe Sjögren's syndrome developed. HIV and its associated immune dysfunction may be responsible for these events.
The frequency of complement receptor type 1 (cr1) gene polymorphisms in nine families with multiple cases of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tebib J. G. , Martinez C. , Schur P. H. , Granados J. , Alarcon‐Segovia D.
Published: February 2007

Low levels of complement receptor type 1 (CR1) on the erythrocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be acquired or genetically determined. Nine families with multiple cases of SLE were studied using a CR1 probe and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, to address this question. The absence of a significant increase in the frequency of a 6.9‐kb band (previously shown to be associated with low‐level CR1 on erythrocytes) suggests that this genetic marker does not play a major role in determining SLE, either in these families or in SLE patients in general.
Demonstration of a new antinuclear antibody (ANTI‐RA33) that is highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hassfeld Wolfgang , Steiner Günter , Hartmuth Klaus , Kolarz Gernot , Scherak Othmar , Graninger Winfried , Thumb Norbert , Smolen Josef S.
Published: February 2007

Using immunoblot analysis with soluble nuclear extracts from HeLa cells, we identified autoantibodies to an antigen with a molecular weight of ∼33,000 in 36% of 95 sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients, but in only 1 of 170 controls. The antigen, termed RA33, was resistant to DNase and RNase digestion but sensitive to proteinase K treatment. There was no discernible relation to other autoantibodies. Thus, this newly described autoantibody appears to be highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis.
Regulation of human synovial fibroblast collagenase messenger RNA by interleukin‐1
Authors: McCachren S. Spence , Greer Paula K. , Niedel James E.
Published: February 2007

Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) may contribute to tissue destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, in part, by inducing messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes interstitial collagenase. In human synovial fibroblasts in vitro, IL‐1 induced collagenase mRNA accumulation 6 hours after being added to the cells. High levels of mRNA remained present for at least 48 hours after treatment. The rate of transcription of collagenase in isolated nuclei peaked after approximately 6 hours of treatment with IL‐1 and declined thereafter, becoming nearly undetectable by 24 hours. The persistence of mRNA, in view of the transient peak of transcription, suggested that collagenase mRNA was stable in synovial fibroblasts. The half‐life of collagenase mRNA after the synoviocytes were treated with actinomycin D was approximately 27 hours, both in the presence and in the absence of IL‐1. It has been noted that induction of the expression of collagenase by phorbol esters requires fos protein synthesis and is mediated through a tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate response element in the 5′‐flanking region of the gene. However, we found that cycloheximide, when added to synovial fibroblast cultures up to 6 hours after treatment with IL‐1, inhibited the expression of collagenase mRNA. These results suggest that fos alone is unlikely to be sufficient for collagenase expression, and that additional factors, or alternative pathways, are involved in the induction of collagenase by IL‐1.
Arthritis in nursing home residents. A validation of its prevalence and examination of its impact on institutionalization and functional status
Authors: Guccione Andrew A. , Meenan Robert F. , Anderson Jennifer J.
Published: February 2007

We studied nursing home residents to validate the method used in national surveys for estimating the prevalence of arthritis, and to examine the impact of arthritis on institutionalization and on the physical function of residents. Five homes were studied using a 3‐phase approach. Directors of nursing in each home classified residents (n = 629) with respect to the presence of arthritis and senile dementia. The presence of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis and their impacts on a resident's initial placement were separately assessed by a physician through a chart review of a stratified subsample. The physician also rated a resident's likelihood of returning to community living. Finally, the functional impact of arthritis was assessed by a physical therapist. The nurses' estimate of the prevalence of arthritis in this population was 23.33%, while the physician estimate was 23.03%. These results are consistent with the 24.6% prevalence found in a 1977 national survey. Arthritis itself was a major cause of nursing home placement in 15% of all residents without dementia. Among those without dementia who also had arthritis, arthritis was a major cause of institutionalization in 31%. None of the residents without dementia showed substantial potential for reintegration into the community. Controlling for age, residents with arthritis had more pain, were more likely to require assistance in functional tasks, and were more likely to use a wheelchair daily than were their fellow residents. Nevertheless, our results suggest that arthritis, despite its impact on function, in and of itself is not a major cause of nursing home placement or ongoing institutionalization.
EEG sleep variables of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Crosby Leanna J.
Published: February 2007

Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently complain of poor sleep quality and quantity. The purpose of this research was to determine the electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep variables of rheumatoid arthritis patients at different stages of RA disease activity and to compare the EEG sleep variables of RA patients to an age‐ and gender‐matched control group. The subjects included 15 RA patients (11 female and four male) and 12 control subjects (nine female and three male). The sleep data of five RA patients who were in flare were compared with the sleep data of five age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects. Sleep data of ten RA patients who were in a state of nonflare were compared to seven age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects. Data analysis indicated that RA patients in flare had statistically significant lower sleep efficiency scores and had spent more time awake during the night when compared to control subjects. Both RA flare and nonflare groups demonstrated fragmented sleep patterns due to frequent awakenings and frequent sleep stage changes.
Treatment of sleep disturbance in rheumatoid arthritis: A single‐subject experiment
Authors: Wegener Stephen T.
Published: February 2007

Sleep disturbances are a relatively frequent complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study investigated the effectiveness of behavioral strategies for the control of sleep disturbances in a woman with RA. A single‐subject experimental design with a reversal phase was used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Sleep parameters, pain, and mood were measured using daily diaries and home monitoring. A combined treatment of stimulus control and relaxation training was most effective in improving sleep parameters and mood when compared with baseline, treatment withdrawal, and sleep hygiene education phases. Treatment gains were maintained at 8‐week follow‐up.
AHPA teaching slide collection, 2nd edition: A review
Authors: Hazelwood Susan E. , Rodon Carole M. , Pressly Thomas A. , Long John H. , Smith Elaine I. , Minor Marian A. , Virgen Lavona L.
Published: February 2007

The Arthritis Health Professions Association (AHPA) first marketed an arthritis teaching slide collection in 1980. Recent changes in rheumatic disease diagnosis and management made it necessary to update this collection. A second edition premiered in June 1988 at the AHPA National Scientific Meeting. This revised collection totals 293 slides, with nearly 100 new slides and redesign of others. The slides are a mixture of photographs, text, medical illustrations, cartoons, and computer‐generated graphics. Rheumatic diseases covered by the collection include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthri‐tis, Sjogren's syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, gout, polymyositis/dermatomyo‐sitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, fibrositis, osteoporosis, and a few miscellaneous conditions. The collection is organized into six major color‐coded sections. The first four sections provide an overview of the rheumatic diseases (nine slides), rheumatic disease clinical manifestations (113 slides), joint anatomy (four slides), and pathophysiology (seven slides). The last two sections cover disease assessment (38 slides) and management (117 slides), em‐phasizing the role of health professionals. There are also five introductory slides that highlight the AHPA organization.
Intraarticular corticosteroid injections: Should we rest the joints?
Authors: Chatham Winn , Williams Gwen , Moreland Larry , Parker Julia W. , Ross Cindy , Alarcon Sylvia G. , Alarcon Graciela S.
Published: February 2007

To prevent damage in injected joints, it has been our policy to rest them for 48 hours. To test this assertion we randomized 30 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (rest, no‐rest). Results in 28 patients (63 joints: 27 rest and 36 no‐rest) are presented. Joint evaluation was performed at baseline and at 48 hours (pain/tenderness, swelling and range of motion). Two analyses were conducted, the first included all joints, and the second only joint pairs. In both cases measurements at 48 hours were comparable for the rest and no rest group for both upper and lower extremity joints (pain/tenderness/swelling and range of motion). At a later follow up (average 10 months) there were no differences in any of the parameters examined. Our study suggests that rest is not essential for intraarticular corticosteroids to be beneficial, at least in an inpatient setting. The applicability of our data to an outpatient population remains to be determined.
Adherence with treatment regimens among adult rheumatoid arthritis patients: Current status and future directions
Authors: Bradley Laurence A.
Published: February 2007

This paper reviews the literature concerning adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' adherence with medication regimens, home exercise, splint usage, and self‐management of pain. There are few reliable data regarding the prevalence of adherence problems or the attributes of patients, health‐care providers, and environments that may influence adherence. In addition, little effort has been devoted to the development of interventions that may enhance adherence. Future investigators should attend to (1) the development of reliable and valid measures of adherence; (2) longitudinal studies of changes in adherence as a function of disease activity, treatment methods, and third‐party reimbursements for services; (3j observational studies of patient–provider interactions and their influence on adherence; and (4) interventions to enhance adherence that are based on a self‐regulation model.
Computerized three‐dimensional analysis of the heart and great vessels in normal and holoprosencephalic human embryos
Authors: Yamada Shigehito , Itoh Hitoshi , Uwabe Chigako , Fujihara Sachiko , Nishibori Chiaki , Wada Masaaki , Fujii Shingo , Shiota Kohei
Published: February 2007

The developing heart and great vessels undergo drastic morphogenetic changes during the embryonic period. To analyze the normal and abnormal development of these organs, it is essential to visualize their structures in three and four dimensions, including the changes occurring with time. We have reconstructed the luminal structure of the hearts and great vessels of staged human embryos from serial histological sections to demonstrate their sequential morphological changes in three dimensions. The detailed structures of the embryonic heart and major arteries in normal and holoprosencephalic (HPE) human embryos could be reconstructed and visualized, and anatomical structures were analyzed using 3D images. By 3D analysis, cardiac anomalies such as double‐outlet right ventricle and malrotation of the heart tube were identified in HPE embryos, which were not easily diagnosed by histological observation. Reconstruction and analysis of 3D images are useful for the study of anatomical structures of developing embryos and for identifying their abnormalities. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical connections of the middle temporal and the middle temporal crescent visual areas in prosimian galagos (Otolemur garnetti)
Authors: Kaskan Peter M. , Kaas Jon H.
Published: February 2007

While considerable progress has been made in understanding the organization of visual cortex in monkeys, less is known about the visual systems of prosimians. The middle temporal visual area (MT), an area involved in motion perception, is common to all primates. We placed injections of tracers in MT and just caudal to MT in cortex expected to be the MT crescent (MTc), an area previously identified in monkeys but not in prosimians. We analyzed the patterns of projections in sections of the flattened cortex and used sections stained for cytochrome oxidase (CO) and myelin to identify the borders of MT, MTc, middle superior temporal (MST), superior temporal sulcus (FST), and V1 and V2 and to identify possible subdivisions of these areas. As in owl monkeys, MTc is a belt around most of MT that consists of a single row of CO‐dense patches in a CO‐light surround. Injections placed in MT revealed connections with V1, V2, V3, FST, MST, MTc, dorsomedial, dorsolateral (DL), posterior parietal cortex, and inferotemporal (IT) cortex. Injections localized to MTc displayed a slightly different pattern of connections with more involvement of DL and IT cortex, though other aspects, including patchy connections with V1 and V2, were similar to MT connections. The results indicate that prosimian galagos have an MT area with connection patterns that are similar to those in New and Old World monkeys. The MTc, initially described in owl monkeys, is present in galagos and is likely to be a common component of primate visual cortex. Anat Rec 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A re‐evaluation of gelsolin at ectoplasmic specializations in sertoli cells: The influence of serum in blocking buffers on staining patterns
Authors: Guttman Julian A. , Vaid Kuljeet S. , Vogl A. Wayne
Published: February 2007

In this study, we test the hypothesis that gelsolin immunolocalized in actin filament‐rich ectoplasmic specializations may be exogenous gelsolin present in normal serum used in blocking buffers, and that binds to the intercellular adhesion plaques during tissue processing. Fixed frozen sections of rat and rabbit testis were pre‐treated with standard blocking buffers containing 5% normal goat serum (NGS) and then incubated with anti‐gelsolin antibodies in the presence of 1% NGS. Other sections were treated in a similar fashion, but in buffers not containing NGS. Sections were then labeled with secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorochrome. Localized staining at ectoplasmic specializations occurred only in sections treated with NGS. The only positive staining in sections not treated with NGS was associated with seminiferous tubule walls and blood vessels in rabbit tissue. The antibodies reacted with a single band at the appropriate molecular weight for gelsolin on immunoblots of NGS, but did not react on immunoblots of testis or seminiferous epithelium. We conclude that gelsolin localized at ectoplasmic specializations using current commercially available antibodies is a result of non‐specific binding to the fixed tissues of gelsolin present in blocking buffers. Anat Rec 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The pH dependence of the sensitized sheep cell reaction of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Heimer Ralph , Federico Olga , Freyberg Richard H.
Published: February 2007

An effect of pH on the agglutinating activity of rheumatoid sera was demonstrated in the sensitized sheep cell test and the potentiated sensitized sheep cell test. Although the use of a buffering system did not change the incidence of positive tests, it did increase the titer of some sera. The studies suggest that inhibition of the agglutination system by some chemicals may be a function of pH, and that free amino groups may be essential for agglutination.

Un effecto de pH super le activitate agglutinante de seros rheumatoide esseva demonstrate in le test a sensibilisate cellulas ovin, simple e potentiate. Ben que le uso de un systema de tamponage non alterava le frequentia de resultatos positive, illo augmentava nonobstante le titro de certe seros. Le studios suggere que le inhibition del systema agglutinatori per un substantia chimic es forsan un function de pH e que libere amino‐gruppos es essential pro le agglutination.
Effect of desacetylmethylcolchicine (Colcemide) in acute gouty arthritis
Authors: Neustadt David H.
Published: February 2007

Desacetylmethylcolchicine (Colcemide) compared favorably with colchicine in the treatment of acute gout in 17 patients. Although gastrointestinal symptoms were avoided, other more serious undesirable effects such as bone‐marrow depression and alopecia are cited.

Disacetylmethylcolchicina (Colcemide) esseva favorabile in comparation con colchicina in le tractamento de gutta acute in 17 patientes. Ben que symptomas gastrointestinal esseva evitate, altere plus serie effectos adverse, per exemplo depression del medulla ossee e alopecia, es citate.
Manganese in the therapy of disseminated lupus erythematosus
Authors: Redleaf Paul D.
Published: February 2007

On the basis of a reported relationship between manganese depletion and the hydralazine syndrome, the possible therapeutic role of this metal in systemic lupus erythematosus was studied. Manganese glycerophosphate was administered to six patients with the latter disease without favorable effects, suggesting that the hydralazine syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus have different pathogenic mechanisms.

Super le base del reportate relation inter le depletion de manganese e le syndrome de hydralazina, le possibile rolo therapeutic de iste metallo in systemic lupus erythematose esseva studiate. Glycerophosphato de manganese esseva administrate a sex patientes con le morbo mentionate. Le absentia de effectos favorabile suggere que le syndrome de hydralazina e systemic lupus erythematose es governate per differente mechanismos pathogenic.
The incidence of the L.E. cell phenomenon in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (A two‐year study)
Authors: Sigler John W. , Monto Raymond W. , Ensign Dwight C. , Wilson George M. , Rebuck John W. , Lovett John D.
Published: February 2007

Additional data concerning the presence of the L.E. factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is presented. Of 45 patients, 11 (24 per cent) had positive L.E. tests at some time during their period of study. Two such patients developed clinical manifestations compatible with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Datos additional in re le presentia del factor lupo‐erythematose (L.E.) in patientes con arthritis rheumatoide es presentate. In 11 ex 45 patientes (i.e. in 24%), le test a L.E. esseva positive a un tempore o un altere durante le periodo de lor studio. Duo tal patientes disveloppava manifestationes clinic compatibile con systemic lupus erythematose.
Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase in rheumatoid arthritis and certain rheumatoid musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Barr James H. , Stolzer Bertrand L. , Eisenbeis Carl H. , Kurtz John E. , Margolis H. M.
Published: February 2007

Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase levels were determined and compared in rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid subjects. The results indicate that tests for this enzyme would be of little value in establishing the presence or absence of rheumatoid disease.

Le nivellos de transaminase glutamic‐oxalacetic in le sems de subjectos rheumatoide e non‐rheumatoide esseva determinate e comparate. Le resultatos indica que tests pro iste enzyma esseren de pauc valor establir le presentin o le absentia de morbo rheumatoide.
The role of the kidney in the pathogenesis and treatment of gout
Authors: Wyngaarden James B.
Published: February 2007

The author presents a comprehensive review of experimental observations and changing concepts concerning the relationship of renal function to gout. Recent knowledge of the role of the kidney in the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease has been summarized. Topics that are discussed include urate excretion in normal and gouty individuals, renal dysfunction in patients with gout, primary renal gout and the pharmacology of uricosuric agents. Le autor presenta un revista comprehensive del observationes experimental e del cambiante conceptos in re le relation inter function renal e gutta. Le cognoscentias currente in re le rolo del ren in le pathogenese e le tractamento de iste morbo es summarisate. Le themas discutite include le excretion de urato in individuos normal e guttose, le dysfunction renal in guttosos, primari gutta renal, e le pharmacologia de agentes uricosuric.
Regulatory factors in hormonally induced polyarteritis nodosa in rats
Authors: Perry James C. , Perry Nancy B.
Published: February 2007

Diffuse polyarteritis was induced in rats by the long‐term administration of estrogen and follicle‐stimulating hormones. Tumorous changes also appeared in the anterior pituitary gland which were associated with cortical adenoma of the adrenal. It was postulated that mineralo‐corticoid secretions of the latter played a role in the pathogenesis of the vasculitis.

Polyarteritis nodose esseva inducite in rattos per le administration a longe vista de estrogeno e hormones folliculo‐stimu‐lante. Alterationes tumorose appareva etiam in le glandula pituitari anterior, associate con adenoma cortical del glandula adrenal. Esseva postulate que secretiones mineralocorticoide del glandula adrenal habeva un rolo in le pathogenese del vasculitis.
Observations concerning positive serologic reactions for rheumatoid factor in certain patients with sarcoidosis and other hyperglobulinemic states
Authors: Kunkel Henry G. , Simon Harold J. , Fudenberg Hugh
Published: February 2007

Positive latex fixation tests were observed in relation to sarcoidosis, kala azar and liver disease without concomitant rheumatoid arthritis. Ultracentrifugation of sera from these patients revealed the presence of a heavy gamma globulin resembling rheumatoid factor. Amboceptor‐sensitized sheep cell tests were uniformly negative except in the one case of liver disease.
Observations on the course and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ziff Morris , Esserman Paul , McEwen Currier
Published: February 2007

Long‐term clinical and laboratory studies of 24 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus provide additional information concerning the nature of this polysymptomatic disease. Positive rheumatoid serologic tests were observed in 28 per cent of patients tested. Antimalarial drugs seemed to benefit most patients.
The relationship to rheumatoid arthritis of its so‐called variants
Authors: McEwen Currier , Ziff Morris , Carmel Philip , Ditata Domenick , Tanner Martin
Published: February 2007

The principal manifestations of certain syndromes presumed to be variants of rheumatoid arthritis are reviewed and the results of serologic studies presented. The entities investigated were anky‐losing spondylitis, Still's disease, psoriatic arthritis, the arthritis of ulcerative colitis and Reiter's syndrome. Serologic observations suggested that Still's syndrome is truly juvenile rheumatoid arthritis but that the other variants may be separate diseases.
Synovial fluid hyaluronate in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hamerman David , Schuster Hilda
Published: February 2007

By several analytic methods, the hyaluronate hexosamine concentration of synovial fluid was found low in the joint effusions of rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to normal synovial fluid. An increase in nonhyaluronate hexosamine was observed in rheumatoid synovial fluid of increased volume. Relative viscosity measurements after equilibrating hexosamine Concentration by dilution revealed few differences between rheumatoid and normal fluid.
Anti‐cytoplasmic factors in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and certain other diseases
Authors: Deicher Helmuth R. G. , Holman Halsted R. , Kunkel Henry G.
Published: February 2007

Complement fixation reactions were obtained with the use of cytoplasmic cellular constituents and sera from patients with S.L.E. as well as sera from cases of primary biliary cirrhosis and Sjogren's syndrome. These reactions were independent of those involving nuclear components. The serum proteins responsible for the described reactions were shown to be gamma globulins. Evidence was produced that different constituents of microsomes were responsible for the reactions in the different diseases.
The precipitin reaction between rheumatoid factors and gamma globulin: Studies by double diffusion in agar
Authors: Franklin E. C.
Published: February 2007

By means of modified double diffusion technics in agar it has been possible to confirm previous findings that the rheumatoid factor is a 19 S gamma globulin which reacts with a fraction related to 7 S gamma globulin. With these technics, additional evidence of the existence of more than one rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been obtained. These results suggest a close relationship of the rheumatoid factors to serologically active proteins in other disease states.
A study of some “acute phase reactants” in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Decker Barry , Mc Guckin Warren F. , Mc Kenzie Bernard F. , Slocumb Charles H.
Published: February 2007

Representative “acute phase reactants” and a “clinical index” of synovial in flammation were determined in patients with various rheumatic diseases. The serum hexose‐protein (PR) ratio, serum protein‐bound hexose and seromucoid determinations were consistently found a more reliable indication of the extent of systemic inflammation than the other tests studied. Systemic inflammation, measured by “acute phase reactants,” paralleled the clinically determined synovial reaction only in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Muscle atrophy in rheumatoid arthritis: An electrodiagnostic study
Authors: Amick L. D.
Published: February 2007

Sensitive electrodiagnostic technics were used in a study of 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Periarticular muscle atrophy could not be attributed to dys function of the lower motor neurone or muscle fibers.
Sjogren's syndrome I. Serologic reactions in patients with Sjogren's syndrome with and without rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bloch K. J. , Wohl M. J. , Ship I. I. , Oglesby R. B.
Published: February 2007

Sera from 21 patients with Sjogren's syndrome with and without rheumatoid arthritis were examined. Hypergammaglobulinemia occurred in 71 per cent, the bentonite flocculation test was positive in 95 per cent and sensitized sheep cell agglutination test in 90 per cent of the entire group and in 75 per cent of patients with Sjogren's syndrome without joint involvement. Antinuclear antibody was present in 71 per cent and L.E. cells in 10 per cent. The direct Coombs' test was positive in 25 per cent and thyroglobulin antibodies were found in 14 per cent. Compared to rheumatoid arthritis patients without Sjogren's syndrome, patients in this series were distinguished by an unusually active immunologic response.
Effect of an anabolic agent (Nilevar) on nitrogen and mineral metabolism in two patients with rheumatoid disease
Authors: Habbis Jean , Blechman Wilbub , Young Nelson , Malm Ole , Vaughan John H.
Published: February 2007

An androgenic steroid, chemically modified to have less masculinizing activity per unit anabolic activity, was studied in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In one patient, the anabolic steroid reversed both the nitrogen loss secondary to disease activity and the nitrogen loss secondary to corticosteroid treatment. In the other patient the effectiveness of the anabolic agent in promoting calcium retention was demonstrated.
Some carbohydrates of synovial fluid
Authors: Smith Joe Ed , Crowley George T. , Giles Robert B.
Published: February 2007

Synovial fluids from a group of patients without clinical joint disease and from a group of patients with joint disease have been analyzed for several carbohydrate components. One patient is reported who has an increased amount of galatosamine in the synovial fluid but not in the serum. These findings are discussed.
The entrance of glucose and other sugars into joints
Authors: Ropes Marian W. , Muller Alex F. , Bauer Walter
Published: February 2007

Entrance of glucose into joints was determined in calves and in patients with joint disease. In calves under two weeks, entrance was rapid; delayed in older calves. In patients with joint disease there was delay in appearance and slow subsequent entrance, more marked with greater severity of disease. The rate with galactose was the same; that with pentoses and methylated glucoses usually more rapid. The nature of the mechanism of transport is not apparent.
Bacteriological studies of cardiac tissues obtained at autopsy from eleven patients dying with rheumatic fever
Authors: Watson Robert F. , Hirst George K. , Lancefield Rebecca C.
Published: February 2007

Bacteriological studies of cardiac tissues obtained at autopsy were made on eleven patients dying with rheumatic fever. Thirty‐four of 44 valves cultured showed evidence of active rheumatic valvulitis. Group A hemolytic streptococci were isolated from only two of these affected valves. The results of this study do not support the view that rheumatic valvulitis is due to direct invasion of the valves by group A hemolytic streptococci.
Studies of Alcaptonuria: A Genetic Study of 58 Cases Occurring in Eight Generations of Seven Inter‐related Dominican Kindreds
Authors: Milch Robert Austin
Published: February 2007

A study of the inheritance patterns of the molecular disease alcaptonuria has been conducted in the Dominican Republic. A total of 58 authenticated cases have been observed to date, and additional cases undoubtedly exist. Viewed collectively, all of the observed data, including instances of apparent, though spurious, dominant transmission, appear to be adequately explicable on the assumption that the alcaptonuria allele behaves in these kindreds as if it were a simple, rare autosomal recessive.
A gallery of gout being a miscellany of prints and caricatures from the 16th century to the present day
Authors: Rodnan Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

The prominence of the gout in the annals of medical art and pictorial satire may be looked upon as an interesting by‐product of the centuries old association of the disease with overindulgence in food and drink, in venery, and the „like exhausting passions”︁ of a life of unregulated, oft ill‐gotten luxury.
The role of antinuclear reactions in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus: A study of 53 cases
Authors: Rothfield Naomi F. , Phythyon James M. , McEwen Currier , Miescher Peter
Published: February 2007

Fifty‐three patients with symptoms suggestive of S.L.E. were studied clinically and serologically (antinuclear reactions included complement fixation against nucleoprotein, DNA, and histone, tests for rheumatoid arthritis). Clinically and serologically, the patients with (72 per cent) and without (18 per cent) L.E. cell phenomenon did not differ significantly and seem to represent one nosological entity. It is suggested that in the past too much emphasis has been placed on a positive L.E. cell test in establishing the diagnosis of S.L.E. The results clearly indicate that in addition to this test, antinuclear reactions are an indispensable tool in establishing the diagnosis of S.L.E.
Studies of alcaptonuria: Adsorption of homogentisic acid solutions on collagen chromatographic columns
Authors: Milch Robert Austin , Murray Richard A.
Published: February 2007

Monomeric and polymeric homogentisic acid solutions were passed through chromomatographic columns of isoelectric and n‐acetylated hide powder collagen. There was no evidence of binding of the unoxidized monomer to the collagen. Autoxidized polymeric homogentisic acid solutions (HGA‐OP), however, were strongly adsorbed. The data are interpreted to indicate that HGA‐OP is a potent tanning agent for hide powder collagen.
Musculoskeletal complaints in an industry annual complaint rate and diagnosis, absenteeism and economic loss
Authors: Brown Robert , Lingg Claire
Published: February 2007

An industry, with a diversity of occupations and many different types of working conditions, was surveyed for the incidence of rheumatic complaints among its employees. The incidence and site of complaint, as well as the varieties of musculoskeletal disorders, were correlated with age, sex and type of work. Estimates were made of the economic loss to the company owing to rheumatic complaints in terms of absenteeism and medical services required.
Studies of relatives of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Morteo O. Garcia , Franklin E. C. , McEwen Currier , Phythyon James , Tanner Martin
Published: February 2007

A study of 44 relatives of 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus showed that 11 per cent had clinical evidence of a collagen disease. The sera of one third of the asymptomatic relatives contained rheumatoid factor, while the incidence of hypergammaglobulinemia, biologic false positive tests for syphilis and antinuclear antibodies was lower but significantly greater than in the control population. Three quarters of the patients had at least one relative with clinical and/or laboratory abnormalities.
The Latex fixation test in the spinal fluid and urine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Starnes Willard R. , Ulloa Alexander , Holley Howard L.
Published: February 2007

The finding of an abnormal macroglobulin in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been isolated and characterized by several groups of investigators. A study was undertaken to study other biological fluids as to the presence of this abnormal globulin. Spinal fluids and urines were obtained from patients with arthritis. The patients were divided into three groups: (1) ankylosing spondylitis; (2) osteoarthritis; and (3) rheumatoid arthritis, active, untreated. The serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis gave positive latex fixation test. Latex fixation test on the spinal fluids from the three groups gave a negative latex agglutination. The urines and spinal fluids were concentrated to a known volume with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (P.V.P.). There was found an increase in the total protein bound hexoses in the three latex positive urine concentrates.
Effect of heat on the rheumatoid factor precipitation reaction with human Gamma‐Globulin
Authors: Epstein Wallace V. , Ross Margaret
Published: February 2007

To determine the heat lability of rheumatoid factor, rheumatoid serum was heated to 56° C. for 30 minutes. This amount of heat reduced precipitating ability and caused a concurrent loss of hemagglutinating activity in the supernatant, as measured by the F II hemagglutination system.
Osteolytic vertebral lesions as a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders
Authors: Lorber Arthur , Pearson Carl M. , Rene Robert M.
Published: February 2007

Three patients, whose presenting clinical complaints were back pain, had rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Destructive vertebral lesions were present in each case and biopsy specimens from the spine in two patients revealed rheumatoid nodules in one and chronic inflammation and invasive fibrosis in the second. Vertebral and disc lesions are rare in rheumatoid arthritis and relatively common in spondylitis. In the latter disease the lesion may be mistaken for a tuberculous abscess.
The Behavior of rheumatoid marrow in culture
Authors: Jeffrey Maurice R.
Published: February 2007

Hemopoietic marrow from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and controls was cultured in various substrate sera. The normal and some rheumatoid marrows were sensitive to the different iron concentrations of normal and rheumatoid sera. In rheumatoid patients with hypochromic anemia, the response of marrow to added iron in vitro agreed with the therapeutic response to intravenous iron. Patients with refractory normochromic anemia showed slightly abnormal erythropoiesis, but there was no evidence that their serum differed from that of non‐anemic patients. By this technic, evidence for stimulation of marrow by batyl alcohol or other agents was equivocal.
The protein and carbohydrate‐protein complexes of synovial fluids
Authors: Blair Mary Grace , Pigman Ward , Holley Howard L.
Published: February 2007

Dialysis of normal and arthritic human synovial fluids at low ionic strength produced precipitates resembling the euglobulins of blood but often containing hyaluronic acid. Their compositions demonstrated the ability of hyaluronic acid to form insoluble complexes with globulins between pH 5.5 and 6.4, and with albumin at pH 5.5 when the concentration of globulins was low. Hyaluronic acid precipitated quantitatively at pH 4.4, but the percentage of hyaluronic acid increased with diminishing amounts of total precipitate between pH 4.4 and 2.6.
High dosage steroid therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Dubois Edmund L.
Published: February 2007

The amount of corticosteroid required for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus varies with the severity of the illness. Four cases of lupus crisis are presented demonstrating the probable life‐saving effectiveness of massive dosages in three of them. One required 2300 mg. daily of cortisone for five days and another 2100 mg. daily for fifteen days to control exacerbations associated with central nervous system involvement. Following such treatment remissions as long as eight years occurred.
Tietze's syndrome: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Levey Gerald S. , Calabro John J.
Published: February 2007

Tietze's syndrome, a nonsuppurative, tender swelling of the anterior chest wall, is a disorder of uncertain etiology and pathology, unassociated with constitutional disturbances, and of a prolonged fluctuating course. Familiarity with the uniform clinical manifestations of this relatively frequent entity makes its recognition fairly simple. The therapeutic approach includes reassurance of the patient as to the benign nature of this condition, along with supportive measures chiefly to allay pain.
Studies on the Gm factors: Comparison of the agglutinators in serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in serum from healthy donors
Authors: Steinberg Arthur G.
Published: February 2007

Titration and absorption studies of the agglutinators used to detect genetically determined human γ‐globulin groups showed that (a) the agglutinators in rheumatoid arthritis serum and in normal serum are probably the same, (b) the inhibition of R.A. sera by Gm (−) serum is due to a non‐specific reaction, and (c) R.A. sera have at least two kinds of β2M molecules, those with rheumatoid factor activity and those with both rheumatoid and gamma group activity.
Chronic arthritis with splenomegaly and leukopenia
Authors: Denko Charles W. , Zumpft Charles W.
Published: February 2007

Currently, the adult patient with chronic arthritis, leukopenia, and splenomegaly is classified as having a variant of rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, or is regarded as having a distinct clinical entity known as Felty's syndrome. Twenty‐four such patients were studied with clinical, pathologic and laboratory features to substantiate our hypothesis that these persons have two diseases, one to explain the polyarthritis, and another to explain the hypersplenism. The features of rheumatoid arthritis were present in eighteen patients, while osteoarthritis occurred in five, and gout was found in one. Evaluation of the histopathologic changes in the spleens removed in treatment indicated that most patients had the fibrosis characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus, while the others had various splenic disorders such as Hodgkin's disease and leukemia.
Lupus erythematosus and avascular bone necrosis: A clinical study of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Siemsen Jan K. , Brook Jack , Meister Lester
Published: February 2007

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head was observed in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and one patient with facial discoid lupus erythematosus and equivocal evidence of dissemination. Histologic studies in one case suggested widespread vasculitis. One of the patients had never received corticosteroid treatment. Therefore, it seems somewhat more likely that the avascular necrosis is due to lupus erythematosus than to steroid‐induced vasculitis.
The autoradiographic localization and distribution of neutron activated gold (Au198) in skeletal tissues and synovia of mice
Authors: Tonna Edgar A. , Brecher George , Cronkite Eugene P. , Schwartz Irving L.
Published: February 2007

The localization and distribution of neutron activated radioactive gold in the long bones and knee joints of mice was determined autoradiographically following treatment of animals with gold thioglucose and thiomalate. Gold was found 1 or 2 months later at the surface of the synovium, the osteogenic layer of the perichondrial periosteum, reticuloendothelial cells of the marrow and osteogenic cells along the surface of the metaphyseal trabeculae and secondary centers of ossification. Gold was not seen in cartilage.