bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Gene Expression by Nutrients
Authors: García-Segura Laura , Pérez-Andrade Martha , Miranda-Ríos Juan
Published: February 2013

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of evolutionarily conserved, small non-coding RNAs of 19-24 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression mostly at the posttranscriptional level. They are known to be involved in the control of different processes such as cell cycling, programmed cell death, cell differentiation, tumor development, metastasis, and sensing of nutrient stress. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the changes in miRNA expression that are caused by diets with a deficiency or augmented intake of nutrients such as amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, and phytochemicals. As diet is known to influence the expression of miRNAs, miRNA profiling has the potential to be useful in the assessment of nutritional status in dietary intervention studies. Additionally, as it can change miRNA expression, diet may be used as a therapeutic agent to treat many different diseases. Also, we explored here some ideas on therapeutics based on the manipulation of miRNA expression levels for dietary-derived diseases as well as the putative effect of food-derived miRNAs on host gene expression.
Neuroimaging Markers of Motor and Nonmotor Features of Parkinson's Disease: An [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Huang Chaorui , Ravdin Lisa D. , Nirenberg Melissa J. , Piboolnurak Panida , Severt Lawrence , Maniscalco James S. , Solnes Lilja , Dorfman Benjamin J. , Henchcliffe Claire
Published: February 2013

Aim: We sought to identify markers of motor and nonmotor function in Parkinson's disease (PD) using advanced neuroimaging techniques in subjects with PD. Methods: We enrolled 26 nondemented PD subjects and 12 control subjects. All subjects underwent [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (FDG-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging, and a complete neuropsychological battery. Results: FDG-PET of subjects with PD revealed significant metabolic elevations in the bilateral posterior lentiform nucleus, posterior cingulate, and parahippocampus, and metabolic reductions in the bilateral temporoparietal association cortex and occipital lobe versus controls. PD subjects had significant reductions in executive/attention function, memory/verbal learning, and speed of thinking, and significantly increased depression, anxiety and apathy scores compared with controls. Motor dysfunction correlated with increased metabolism in the posterior lentiform nucleus, pons, and cerebellum, and decreased metabolism in the temporoparietal lobe. Cognitive dysfunction correlated with increased posterior cingulate metabolism and decreased temporoparietal lobe metabolism. Depressive symptoms correlated with increased amygdala metabolism; anxiety scores correlated with decreased caudate metabolism, and apathy scores correlated with increased metabolism in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal lobe and decreased metabolism in the temporoparietal association cortex. Conclusions: Our findings showed that motor, cognitive, and emotional dysfunction in PD are associated with distinct patterns of cerebral metabolic changes.
A de novo T73I Mutation in PTPN11 in a Neonate with Severe and Prolonged Congenital Thrombocytopenia and Noonan Syndrome
Authors: Christensen Robert D. , Yaish Hassan M. , Leon Eyby L. , Sola-Visner Martha C. , Agrawal Pankaj B.
Published: February 2013

We observed a neonate with severe congenital thrombocytopenia and features of Noonan syndrome where evaluations were negative for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, congenital infections, and Fanconi anemia. The marrow findings and a significantly elevated plasma thrombopoietin (Tpo) level were consistent with congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia; we sought a genetic mutation that could explain this phenotype. No mutations were identified in c-MPL (the Tpo receptor gene). Microarray analysis of peripheral blood did not reveal an abnormality. DNA sequencing of the PTPN11 gene showed a heterozygous C>T nucleotide substitution in exon 3 (c.218C>T) predicted to result in a threonine-to-isoleucine change at residue 73 (T73I). A 6-week trial of eltrombopag (an agonist of the Tpo receptor) failed to increase the platelet count. We propose this specific PTPN11 mutation results in abnormalities of the protein product SHP-2, which, because of its role in signal transduction, results in severe congenital thrombocytopenia refractory to c-MPL agonists.
A Left-to-Right Shunt via the Ductus Arteriosus Is Associated with Increased Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation during Neonatal Transition
Authors: Urlesberger Berndt , Brandner Anna , Pocivalnik Mirjam , Koestenberger Martin , Morris Nicholas , Pichler Gerhard
Published: February 2013

Background: Oxygen delivery to the brain is dependent on cardiac output and arterial oxygen content. Objectives: The study was designed to investigate the influence of a left-to-right shunt via the ductus arteriosus (DA) on regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) of the brain and peripheral tissue during postnatal transition. Methods: Nested case-control study. In term neonates after elective cesarian section, rSO2 of the brain and pre- and postductal peripheral tissue were measured 15 min after uncomplicated postnatal transition. Two groups were formed according to shunt flow characteristics via the DA: shunt group (with a left-to-right shunt), and nonshunt group (no shunt). Results: Of 80 infants, in 58 (72%) a left-to-right shunt was identified, and in 22 (28%) no flow was seen via the DA. The 22 infants formed the nonshunt group. They were matched with 22 newborn infants with a left-to-right shunt via the DA (shunt group). Infants in the nonshunt group had significantly lower cerebral rSO2 values and higher fractional tissue oxygen extraction and heart rate values. There were no significant differences in regard to peripheral rSO2 values. Conclusion: During postnatal transition, term infants with a left-to-right shunt via the DA have significantly higher cerebral rSO2 values compared to infants without shunt flow.
Peroxiredoxin 2 Battles Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1- and p53-Dependent Prodeath Pathways After Ischemic Injury
Authors: Leak Rehana K. , Zhang Lili , Luo Yumin , Li Peiying , Zhao Haiping , Liu Xiangrong , Ling Feng , Jia Jianping , Chen Jun , Ji Xunming
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose—

Ischemic/reperfusion neuronal injury is characterized by accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative DNA damage, which can trigger cell death by various signaling pathways. Two of these modes of death include poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1–mediated death or p53- and Bax-mediated apoptosis. The present study tested the hypothesis that peroxiredoxin 2 (PRX2) attenuates DNA damage–mediated prodeath signaling using in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic injury. The impact of this peroxide scavenger on p53- and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1–mediated ischemic death is unknown.

Methods—

Neuronal PRX2 overexpression in primary cortical cultures and transgenic mice was combined with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitor AG14361. AG14361 was also applied to p53 and Bax knockout cultures and mice and combined with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. DCF fluorescence, apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, single-strand breaks, Comet tail-length, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion, and viability were assessed in response to oxygen-glucose deprivation in cultures or transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice.

Results—

PRX2 attenuated reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion, and cell death. PRX2 knockdown exacerbated neuronal death after oxygen and glucose deprivation. PRX2 ameliorated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, p53, Bax, and caspase activation after ischemia. AG14361 reduced ischemic cell death in wild-type and p53 or Bax knockout cultures and animals but had no additional effect in PRX2-overexpressing mice. AG14361 and p53 knockout elicited additive effects with SP600125 on viability in vitro. Our findings support the existence of multiple parallel prodeath pathways with some crosstalk.

Conclusions—

The promising therapeutic candidate PRX2 can clamp upstream DNA damage and efficiently inhibit multiple prodeath cascades operating in both parallel and interactive fashions.
An investigation of the effects of the antioxidants, ebselen or N-acetyl cysteine on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T cells
Authors: Marthandan Shiva , Hyland Paul , Pawelec Graham , Barnett Yvonne
Published: February 2013

Background

The research literature has documented age-related increases in genetic damage, including oxidative DNA damage, in human T lymphocytes, in vitro and ex vivo. Such damage has the potential to interfere with the ability of the T cells to proliferate at times when they need to, such as when antigen challenged. The consequence of this could be a sub-optimal immune response in vivo.

Context and purpose

The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to investigate the impact of two antioxidants, which can be administered in vivo, Ebselen and N-acetyl L-cysteine, on the age-related increase in genetic damage, and on T cell proliferation and lifespan. In vitro human T cell clones, ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cells or T cells were supplemented with different concentrations of antioxidants, under standard conditions and for different periods of time. A range of assays were then applied in order to determine any impact of the antioxidants.

Results

30 μM ebselen or 7.5 mM N-acetyl L-cysteine supplementation resulted in a significantly higher intracellular GSH: GSSG ratio. This increased ratio was accompanied by reduced levels of oxidative DNA damage in established CD4+ human T cell clones, from a young or a middle-aged donor. Additionally, cultures of primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4+ T cells from donors aged 25–30 or 55–60 years were also supplemented with these agents. Cells from all sources exhibited increased proliferation, and in the case of the T cell clones, an increase in cumulative population doublings. Neither ebselen nor N-acetyl L-cysteine had such effects on clones supplemented from the midpoint of their in vitro lifespan.

Conclusions

Ebselen and N-acetyl L-cysteine, under certain conditions, may have anti-immunosenescent potential in T cells in in vitro clonal and ex vivo polyclonal culture models.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Spirocerca lupi: sequence, gene organization and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Liu Guo-Hua , Wang Yan , Song Hui-Qun , Li Ming-Wei , Ai Lin , Yu Xing-Long , Zhu Xing-Quan
Published: February 2013

Background

Spirocerca lupi is a life-threating parasitic nematode of dogs that has a cosmopolitan distribution but is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. Despite its veterinary importance in canids, the epidemiology, molecular ecology and population genetics of this parasite still remain unexplored.

Methods

The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of S. lupi was amplified in four overlapping long fragments using primers designed based on partial cox 1, rrn S, cox 2 and nad 2 sequences. Phylogenetic re-construction of 13 spirurid species (including S. lupi) was carried out using Bayesian inference (BI) based on concatenated amino acid sequence datasets.

Results

The complete mt genome sequence of S. lupi is 13,780 bp in length, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes, but lacks the atp 8 gene. The gene arrangement is identical to that of Thelazia callipaeda (Thelaziidae) and Setaria digitata (Onchocercidae), but distinct from that of Dracunculus medinensis (Dracunculidae) and Heliconema longissimum (Physalopteridae). All genes are transcribed in the same direction and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T. The content of A + T is 73.73% for S. lupi, in accordance with mt genomes of other spirurid nematodes sequenced to date. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of the 12 protein-coding genes by BI showed that the S. lupi (Thelaziidae) is closely related to the families Setariidae and Onchocercidae.

Conclusions

The present study determined the complete mt genome sequence of S. lupi. These new mt genome dataset should provide novel mtDNA markers for studying the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of this parasite, and should have implications for the molecular diagnosis, prevention and control of spirocercosis in dogs and other canids.
Age at Graft Loss after Pediatric Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Van Arendonk Kyle J. , James Nathan T. , Boyarsky Brian J. , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline M. , Orandi Babak J. , Magee John C. , Smith Jodi M. , Colombani Paul M. , Segev Dorry L.
Published: February 2013

Background and objective

The risk of graft loss after pediatric kidney transplantation increases during late adolescence and early adulthood, but the extent to which this phenomenon affects all recipients is unknown. This study explored interactions between recipient factors and this high-risk age window, searching for a recipient phenotype that may be less susceptible during this detrimental age interval.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

With use of Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data from 1987 to 2010, risk of graft loss across recipient age was quantified using a multivariable piecewise-constant hazard rate model with time-varying coefficients for recipient risk factors.

Results

Among 16,266 recipients, graft loss during ages ≥17 and <24 years was greater than that for both 3–17 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.61; P<0.001) and ≥24 years (aHR, 1.28; P<0.001). This finding was consistent across age at transplantation, sex, race, cause of renal disease, insurance type, pretransplant dialysis history, previous transplant, peak panel-reactive antibody (PRA), and type of induction immunosuppression. The high-risk window was seen in both living-donor and deceased-donor transplant recipients, at all levels of HLA mismatch, regardless of centers’ pediatric transplant volume, and consistently over time. The relationship between graft loss risk and donor type, PRA, transplant history, insurance type, and cause of renal disease was diminished upon entry into the high-risk window.

Conclusions

No recipient subgroups are exempt from the dramatic increase in graft loss during late adolescence and early adulthood, a high-risk window that modifies the relationship between typical recipient risk factors and graft loss.
Classification Shifting in an International Setting: Investor Protection and Financial Analysts Monitoring
Authors: Behn Bruce K. , Gotti Giorgio , Herrmann Don , Kang Tony
Published: February 2013

Prior research on publicly traded U.S. firms provides evidence that managers engage in classification shifting to opportunistically manage “core” earnings. We extend this line of research in a broader international setting, by examining (1) whether the level of investor protection affects managers' decisions to engage in classification shifting behavior and (2) whether coverage by financial analysts mitigates this behavior. Based on an international sample of firms from 40 countries, we observe evidence consistent with classification shifting in both strong and weak investor protection countries using four separate measures of investor protection. We then explore the potential monitoring role of financial analysts in mitigating classification shifting. We provide evidence that higher financial analyst following mitigates classification shifting, primarily in weak investor protection countries. Overall, our results provide evidence of classification shifting in a broad international setting and evidence of financial analysts' influence in reducing this form of earnings management.

Data Availability: The data are available from public sources identified in the text.
The Madness Narrative, Between the Literary, the Therapeutic and the Political
Authors: Viusenco Anca-Luisa
Published: February 2013

The present paper discusses the types, functions and limitations of the madness narrative, a particular type of text dealing with a popular research topic: mental instability, within the larger contexts of women’s autobiographical writing and illness-based writing. The overview aims to provide the theoretical framework necessary for the further analysis of specific madness narratives.
Comparative analysis of collaborative and simulation based learning in the management environment
Authors: Kljajić Borštnar Mirjana
Published: February 2013

Purpose of the study is to compare two different approaches to the collaborative problem solving one in a highly controlled laboratory experiment: Optimisation of business politics using business simulator at different experimental condition which reflect different feedback information structure and one in a collaborative environment of the social media, characterised by non-structured, rule-free and even chaotic feedback information. Comparative analyses of participant’s opinion who participate in experiments have been considered in order to find common characteristics relevant for group/collaborative problem solving. Based on these findings a general explanatory causal loop model of collaborative learning during problem solving was built.
Multi-type facts placement for loss minimization using biogeography based optimization
Authors: Subramanian A. , Ravi G.
Published: February 2013

This paper presents a new strategy for optimal placement of multi-type FACTS devices with a view to minimize losses besides enhancing the voltage profile using biogeography based optimization. The strategy places three types of FACTS devices that include static VAR compensator, thyristor controlled series compensator and unified power flow controller; and offers optimal locations for placement, type and parameters of the FACTS devices. Test results on IEEE 14, 30 and 57 bus systems reveal the superiority of the algorithm.
Elastohydrodynamic Contact Model For Calculation Of Axial And Angular Stiffness In Thrust Bearing
Authors: Temis Mikhail , Lazarev Alexander
Published: February 2013

Thrust bearing model is developed for fluid flow calculation and for determination of bearing integral characteristics in the presence of sliding surfaces closure and shaft angular displacements. The model is based on the coupled solution of the problem of incompressible fluid flow between the sliding surfaces and the problem of bearing and shaft elements deformation under the action of the fluid film pressure. Verification of the bearing model results is carried out by the comparison versus the fluid flow calculation results obtained by STAR-CD software and the experimental and theoretical results represented in the certain literature. Thrust bearing characteristics are determined versus sliding surfaces closure and rotating disk (runner) angular displacements. The contribution of the sliding surfaces deformations into bearing integral characteristics is estimated.
Concentrations of Proinflammatory Mediators of The Arachidonic Acid Cascade in Serum of Sheep with Natural Zearalenone Intoxication
Authors: Kostro Krzysztof , Dudek Katarzyna , Lisiecka Urszula , Majer-Dziedzic Barbara , Aleksiewicz Roman , Lutnicki Krzysztof
Published: February 2013

The clinical form of natural zearalenone intoxication was observed in sheep that were kept indoors and fed a constant diet of feed concentrates containing high concentrations of zearalenone and its metabolite α-zearalenol. The clinical form of the disease was not noted in the control group, consisting of sheep that were kept on a pasture from spring to late autumn; only in the winter they were fed wheat pellets, in which the zearalenone concentration was determined to be the lowest among all used feed concentrates. During the course of natural zearalenone intoxication, metabolism of arachidonic acid increased, mainly due to enzymes of the cyclooxygenase group, which are responsible for the generation of prostaglandin F2α and thromboxane B2, and an increase in their concentration. Increased production of F2α and B2 was closely correlated with the serum level of SAA, an indicator of the intensity of the inflammatory reaction. This indicates that both compounds participated in the development of inflammatory reactions in the terminal end of the digestive tract that accompanied zearalenone intoxication in sheep. The imbalances noted between the eicosanoid classes investigated in this study were fundamentally responsible for the development of clinical symptoms in sick sheep that showed symptoms of partial or total prolapse of the anus and rectum and prolapse of the large intestine, which were the direct cause of the animals death.
Immunocytochemical Analysis of Calretinin in the Frontal Cortex of Chinchilla
Authors: Krawczyk Aleksandra , Szalak Radosław , Jaworska-Adamu Jadwiga
Published: February 2013

The aim of the study was to define morphology and distribution of calretinin (CR) positive neurons in the frontal cortex of adult chinchilla males and intracellular localisation of the protein in this area. The brains of 5 adult chinchilla males were used in the study. CR immunoreactive neurons were shown with peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical reaction using a specific monoclonal antibody. Intensive CR immunoreactivity was demonstrated mainly in few polymorphic neurons of II, III, and V layers. Cytoplasmic and nuclear reaction product in most CR positive neurons was diffuse and in some neurons of layer V in the form of granules localised peripherally. In a few cells more intensive staining was observed in the nuclei than in the cytoplasm. The results indicate the presence of heteromorphic CR positive neurons in specific layers of the frontal cortex. Nuclear localisation of CR in neurons suggests passive transport of this protein, which may affect the nuclear genes. This protein is a neuroprotector maintaining appropriate level of calcium, modulating neuronal activity, and synaptic conduction in the frontal cortex of chinchilla.
CYHV-3 Infection Dynamics in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) – Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Matras Marek , Antychowicz Jerzy , Castric Jeannette , Bergmann Sven M.
Published: February 2013

The KHV free carp were experimentally infected with CyHV-3 suspension by immersion at temperatures of 18ºC±1 and 25ºC±1. Skin, brain, gills, liver, spleen, kidneys, and leukocytes were investigated for the presence of KHV DNA, and sera for the presence of antibodies against the virus. Similar investigations were performed with non-infected carp, designed as control groups. The results of KHV DNA detection in the infected carp kept at 25ºC ±1 were compared with the results of the virus isolation onto common carp brain cells using leukocyte co-cultivation method and results of specific antibody detection. The appearance of specific antibodies at various time intervals after detecting the clinical symptoms of KHVD in naturally infected carp was additionally studied. At 18°C water temperature, KHV DNA was not detected up to the 6th d post infection (dpi). Then it was found in samples from skin, gill, liver, spleen, and kidneys and much later from the brain. At 25°C water temperature, KHV DNA was already detected on the 3rd dpi in samples from skin and gills, and from the 5th dpi it was found in all examined internal organs, except the brain where it was found at 6th dpi. At 25°C, isolations of CyHV-3 have succeeded between the 7th and 11th dpi. The first specific antibodies were found no sooner than on the 21st dpi. The serological examination performed in naturally infected carp in 15 carp pond farms showed that first specific antiviral antibodies can be detected 2 weeks after the appearance of clinical symptoms of KHVD.
Changes in Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Atypical Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Isolated from Cows of the same Herd in 2008-2010
Authors: Małkińska-Horodyska Magdalena , Kubiak Joanna , Lassa Henryka , Malinowski Edward
Published: February 2013

The isolates of Staphylococcus aureus strains were examined phenotypically by cultural features, tube coagulase test and clumping factor (CF), and genotypically by conventional PCR. The strains had positive reaction in CF test, but were negative in tube coagulase test. The analysed strains from the same cows in each year expressed also nuc and coa genes. About 25% of the strains were examined by the disc diffusion method for their sensitivity to antibiotics. During three years, the strains were highly susceptible in vitro to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, oxacillin, bacitracin, and cefoperazone (more than 90%), and highly resistant to tetracycline, neomycin, and streptomycin. Forty randomly chosen strains, and eight strains from the same cows in each year were analysed for minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin G using microdilution method. An increasing resistance to the penicillin was noted. Moreover, eight strains, the same in each year, were also examined for β-lactamase production and methicillin resistance. No β-lactamase producers and no methicillin resistant strains were found using phenotypic and genotypic methods. In conclusion, it can be stated that antimicrobial susceptibility can change from one year to another.
Changes in Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript-Like Immunoreactive (CART-LI) Nerve Structures of the Porcine Descending Colon During Proliferative Enteropathy
Authors: Gonkowski Sławomir , Burliński Piotr , Szwajca Piotr , Całka Jarosław
Published: February 2013

The distribution pattern of CART- like immunoreactive (CART-LI) nerve structures was studied by a double immunofluorescence technique in the circular muscle layer, myenteric (MP), outer submucous (OSP), and inner submucous plexuses (ISP), as well as in the mucosal layer of porcine descending colon under physiological conditions and during proliferative enteropathy (PE). In control animals, CART-LI perikarya have been shown to constitute 3.18 ±0.51%, 3.44 ±0.6%, and 3.33 ±0.72% in MP, OSP, and ISP, respectively. PE caused a decrease in the number of CART - LI neurons in MP and ISP. In OSP, the observed changes were not statistically significant. During PE, the number of CART-LI perikarya amounted to 2.18 ±0.27%, 3.07 ±0.06%, and 0.07 ±0.02% within MP, OSP, and ISP, respectively. Moreover, PE caused an increase in the number of CART-LI nerve fibers in the colonic circular muscle and mucosal layers as well as in MP. This study describes for the first time changes in CART-LI nerve structures of the porcine descending colon during Lawsonia intracellularis infection, and suggests the participation of this neuropeptide in the regulation of gut functions, not only under physiological conditions, but also during pathological processes.
Expression of Progesterone Receptors in Hippocampal Neurons in Rabbit Males
Authors: Krakowska Izabela , Lonc Grzegorz
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of progesterone receptors in hippocampal neurons of male rabbits and the distribution of these receptors in different areas of the hippocampus. The examinations were carried out on brains of five males, New Zealand breed, age of 2 years, weighing 2-3 kg. Immunohistochemical detection of receptors was performed using DAKO LSAB + Kit Peroxidase method. The sections were incubated with primary monoclonal antibody for progesterone receptor NCL-LPGR- AB. The obtained results have shown the presence of progesterone receptors in neurons of CA1, CA3, and CA4 regions of the hippocampus. The reaction also occurred in the region of granular cells of the dental gyrus. The reaction was seen in the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons simultaneously, whereas some neurons did not show any reaction in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Occurrence of progesterone receptors in most neurons of the hippocampus confirms a direct influence of progesterone on the hippocampus and its functions in rabbit males.
Inhibitory Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus Gene-Ebna1 on Human Tnfrp55 Gene Expression
Authors: Krzowska-Firych Joanna , Fota-Markowska Hanna , Marzec-Kotarska Barbara , Modrzewska Roma , Wojcierowski Jacek
Published: February 2013

The aim of the study was to assess the expression of TNFRp55 mRNA and to examine if the antisense inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded EBNA1 gene product alters the expression of gene encoding TNFRp55 in lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). The experiment was performed on LCL derived from EBV infected human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were isolated and cultured. RNA was isolated and examined according to the RNase protection assay. The hybridisation was done with HCR-4 probe. RNA was quantified by densitometry and presented in extinction units. The level of expression was calculated with TotaILab software programme. The results of the study suggest that EBV gene, responsible for the synthesis of EBNA1 protein, has an inhibitory effect on human TNFRp55 gene expression in LCL.
Implications of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Disorders in Severe Endometritis-Pyometra Complex in Bitches
Authors: Radwińska Justyna , Domosławska Anna , Pomianowski Andrzej , Żarczyńska Katarzyna , Jurczak Andrzej
Published: February 2013

Twenty bitches with acute endometritis-pyometra complex (EPC) and 20 clinically healthy bitches were examined. The following coagulation parameters were determined in haemostatic evaluations: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen concentrations (FBG), D-dimer concentrations (D-D), antithrombin activity (AT), and blood platelet counts (PLT). Morphological and biochemical blood parameters were also analysed. Examinations of animals affected by EPC revealed blood coagulation and fibrinolytic disorders, and the noted results (PT 13.7 ±1.06 s, aPTT 23.4 ±1.04 s, TT 15.6 ±0.68 s, FBG 2.2 g/L, D-D 785.4 ±103.05 μg/L, AT 111.1 ±13.51%, PLT 169.30 ±126.31 103/μL) point to a high risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The findings indicate that the coagulation parameters of bitches affected by EPC should be analysed before treatment as the noted disorder can significantly complicate therapy and ovariohysterectomy, and endanger the patients' life.
Evaluation of Technological Properties and Oxidative Stability of Organic Dry Fermented Probiotic Sausages During Long-Term Storage
Authors: Wójciak Karolina M. , Trząskowska Monika , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta , Dolatowski Zbigniew J.
Published: February 2013

The objective of this work was to study the oxidative stability of organic dry fermented probiotic sausages during long-term storage (6 months). Four test samples were prepared: sample A - control sausage, sample B - with 0.05% addition of sodium ascorbate, sample C - with addition of Lb. casei LOCK 0900 (2x106 CFU/g) probiotic strain, 0.6% of glucose, and 0.05% of sodium ascorbate, and sample D - with 0.05% of sodium ascorbate, probiotics, and 0.6% of lactose. The study covered evaluation of the ripening process (21 d) by evaluating loss in the sausage weight. The pH value, oxidation-reduction potential, TBARS values, acid number, peroxide number, browning index after ripening (0) and after 2nd, 4th, and 6th month of chilling storage were identified. The total colour difference of sausages subjected to 3 h exposure to fluorescent light, texture parameters, and count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were identified after ripening (0) and after 6 months of storage. It was observed that an addition of probiotic bacteria and glucose (sample C) contributed to a significant decrease in the pH value and water activity in the sausage directly after ripening and during the entire chilling storage period. In samples with probiotics the option with glucose had a lower (P≤0.05) pH value by ca. 0.5 unit as compared to the sample with lactose. Significantly higher (P≤0.05) values of TBARS were observed in samples with probiotics as compared to control samples. The greatest oxidation stability during the entire chilling storage period was found in the sample with sodium ascorbate. Among samples with probiotic strain, the sample with glucose had the lowest peroxide number value (0.58-3.56 meqO2/kg) and TBARS (1.10-2.08 mg MDA/kg) but also the greatest colour stability during exposure to light. The order of decline in oxidative stability was: sample B > sample C > sample D > sample A.
Evaluation of Densitometric and Geometric Parameters of Tibiotarsal Bones in Turkeys
Authors: Charuta Anna , Dzierzęcka Małgorzata , Biesiada-Drzazga Barbara
Published: February 2013

The aim of the study was to analyse densitometric and geometric parameters of healthy and deformed tibiotarsal bones of male turkeys of heavy type with the use of computed tomography. The influence of a bone type (healthy or deformed) and the area of the measurements (the proximal metaphysis and middle of the diaphysis) on these parameters were studied. It was found that the diaphysis of the deformed tibiotarsal bones (45 g) had higher values of the studied parameters than healthy bones (36 g) and they were as follows: BMC - 60.04 mg/mm, vBMD - 549.11 mg/cm3, TRAB_A - 48.34 mm2, CRT_A - 55.57 mm2, PERI_C - 37.55 mm, ENDO_C - 25.42 mm, SSI - 151.19 mm3. The studied parameters were significantly lower in the proximal metaphyses of the deformed tibial bones and amounted to: BMC - 29.48 mg/mm, TRAB_A - 42.22 mm2, CRT_A - 21.44 mm2, PERI_C - 34.64 mm, ENDO_C - 28.06 mm, SSI - 44.87 mm3. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that significant differences in the densitometric and geometric parameters between the proximal metaphysis and the middle of the diaphysis of the deformed bones may result in deformities and fractures of tibiotarsal bones.
Histopathology of Internal Organs of Farm Animals Fed Genetically Modified Corn and Soybean Meal
Authors: Reichert Michał , Kozaczyński Wojciech , Karpińska Teresa Agnieszka , Bocian Łukasz , Jasik Agnieszka , Kycko Anna , Świątkiewicz Małgorzata , Świątkiewicz Sylwester , Furgał-Dierżuk Iwona , Arczewska-Włosek Anna , Strzetelski Juliusz , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: February 2013

Histopathological examination of liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, skeletal muscle, and bursa of Fabricius samples, collected from broiler chickens, laying hens, fattening pigs, and calves fed genetically modified corn MON 810 and soybean meal MON-40-3-2 (Roundup Ready, RR), was performed The examination showed no significant differences between the control animals fed diets containing no genetically modified feeds and animals fed genetically modified feeds. In some cases, congestion of parenchyma and focal lymphoid cell infiltrations were observed in all dietary groups, including controls, and therefore, it was assumed that the lesions were not associated with the feeding transgenic feeds.
Neuropathic itch caused by nerve root compression: brachioradial pruritus and notalgia paresthetica / Neuropatski pruritus (svrab) prouzrokovan kompresijom nervnih korenova - brahioradijalni pruritus i nostalgija parestetika
Authors: Berny-Moreno Joanna , Szepietowski Jacek C.
Published: February 2013

Neuropathic itch (itching or pruritus) arises from a pathology located at any point along the afferent pathway of the nervous system. It may be related to damage to the peripheral nervous system, such as in postherpetic neuropathy, brachioradial pruritus or notalgia paresthetica. It has many clinical features similar to neuropathic pain. Patients complain of itching, which is associated with burning sensation, aching, and stinging. Brachioradial pruritis (BP) is an intense itching sensation of the arm, usually between the shoulder and elbow of one or both arms. It is an enigmatic condition with a controversial etiology; some authors consider BP to be a photodermatosis, whereas other authors attribute BP to compression of cervical nerve roots. Notalgia paresthetica is an isolated mononeuropathy involving the skin over or near the scapula. Patients have a pruritus on the mid-upper back. The treatment is usually difficult, but capsaicin and local analgesic agents are the options of choice. Brachioradial pruritus and notalgia paresthetica are often unrecognized neurocutaneous conditions and therefore, a thorough history and physical examination are of utmost importance to distinguish symptoms and apply accurate therapeutic options.
Geothermal Water Resources Management – Economic Aspects Of Their Treatment / Gospodarka Zasobami Wód Termalnych - Ekonomiczne Aspekty Ich Uzdatniania
Authors: Tomaszewska Barbara
Published: February 2013

Streszczenie

Wody geotermalne to źródło czystej energii. Warto więc wykorzystywać je w sposób racjonalny zwłaszcza w sensie energetycznym i gospodarczym. Jednym z kluczowych czynników, determinujących warunki eksploatacji wód geotermalnych, wielkość wykorzystania energii oraz sposób zagospodarowania wód schłodzonych jest zasolenie wód. Podwyższone zasolenie oraz występowanie mikroelementów toksycznych w wodach może często determinować trudności związane utylizacją wykorzystanych wód. Tylko w kilku polskich zakładach geotermalnych wody eksploatowane są w układzie zamkniętym (po wykorzystaniu wtłaczane z powrotem do górotworu). Częściej stosowany jest system otwarty (wody odprowadzane są do cieków powierzchniowych lub kanalizacji) lub mieszany (tylko część wód wraca do złoża za pomocą otworów chłonnych, druga część jest zrzucana do rzek). Odsalanie wód eotermalnych może stanowić, w określonych przypadkach, alternatywę umożliwiającą zaspokojenie lokalnego zapotrzebowania na wodę słodką (np. zdatną do picia).

Ocena możliwości wdrożenia analizowanego procesu na skalę przemysłową w dużej mierze zależy od kierunków i możliwości utylizacji/zagospodarowania koncentratu. Biorąc pod uwagę względy środowiskowe, najkorzystniejszym rozwiązaniem jest wtłaczanie koncentratu do górotworu. Przeprowadzona analiza energe­tyczna i ekonomiczna wykazała, że opłacalność wdrożenia na skalę przemysłową procesu odsalania w systemie geotermalnym w dużej mierze zależy od czynników związanych z jego pracą, a w szczególności: wielkości wydobycia wód geotermalnych, zasolenia wód, parametrów chłonnych otworów przeznaczonych do wtłaczania wód do górotworu, skali problemów związanych z utylizacją schłodzonych wód, lokalnego zapotrzebowania na wody pitne i gospodarcze i in. Kluczowa dla opłacalności tego procesu jest między innymi redukcja wymaganego ciśnienia przy wtłaczaniu wód do górotworu i redukcja wielkości strumienia zatłaczanych wód. Bardzo ważnym elementem jest również zapewnienie odpowiednich warunków zbytu odsolonych wód (cena/ilość) celem pokrycia zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną wykorzystaną w procesie odsalania.
Evaluation of Power Generation Efficiency of Cascade Hydropower Plants: A Case Study
Authors: Zheng Ying , Fu Xudong , Wei Jiahua
Published: February 2013

Effective utilization of scarce water resources has presented a significant challenge to respond to the needs created by rapid economic growth in China. In this study, the efficiency of the joint operation of the Three Gorges and Gezhouba cascade hydropower plants in terms of power generation was evaluated on the basis of a precise simulation-optimization technique. The joint operation conditions of the Three Gorges and Gezhouba hydropower plants between 2004 and 2010 were utilized in this research in order to investigate the major factors that could affect power output of the cascade complex. The results showed that the current power output of the Three Gorges and Gezhouba cascade complex had already reached around 90% of the maximum theoretical value. Compared to other influencing factors evaluated in this study, the accuracy of hydrological forecasts and flood control levels can have significant impact on the power generating efficiency, whereas the navigation has a minor influence. This research provides a solid quantitative-based methodology to assess the operation efficiency of cascade hydropower plants, and more importantly, proposes potential methods that could improve the operation efficiency of cascade hydropower plants.
Pharmacy (ISSN 2226-4787) — A Journal of Pharmacy Education and Practice
Authors: Wilson Keith , Perrie Yvonne
Published: February 2013

Pharmacy (ISSN 2226-4787) — A journal of pharmacy education and practice is an international scientific open access journal on pharmacy education and practice, and is published by MDPI online quarterly. The practice of pharmacy is changing at an unprecedented rate as the profession moves from a focus upon preparation and supply of medicines to a clinical patient-facing role. While an understanding of the science related to medicines remains core to pharmacy education, the changes in practice are driving changes to the traditional methods of pharmacy education. This is reflected at an international level by major changes in the educational standards set by statutory regulators and by policy statements from bodies such as the World Health Organisation. These changes reflect an increasing trend to look at educational policy at a supra-national level, typified by the “Pharmine Project” led by the Association of European Faculties of Pharmacy. [...]
Length of Growing Period over Africa: Variability and Trends from 30 Years of NDVI Time Series
Authors: Vrieling Anton , De Leeuw Jan , Said Mohammed
Published: February 2013

The spatial distribution of crops and farming systems in Africa is determined by the duration of the period during which crop and livestock water requirements are met. The length of growing period (LGP) is normally assessed from weather station data—scarce in large parts of Africa—or coarse-resolution rainfall estimates derived from weather satellites. In this study, we analyzed LGP and its variability based on the 1981–2011 GIMMS NDVI3g dataset. We applied a variable threshold method in combination with a searching algorithm to determine start- and end-of-season. We obtained reliable LGP estimates for arid, semi-arid and sub-humid climates that are consistent in space and time. This approach effectively mapped bimodality for clearly separated wet seasons in the Horn of Africa. Due to cloud contamination, the identified bimodality along the Guinea coast was judged to be less certain. High LGP variability is dominant in arid and semi-arid areas, and is indicative of crop failure risk. Significant negative trends in LGP were found for the northern part of the Sahel, for parts of Tanzania and northern Mozambique, and for the short rains of eastern Kenya. Positive trends occurred across western Africa, in southern Africa, and in eastern Kenya for the long rains. Our LGP analysis provides useful information for the mapping of farming systems, and to study the effects of climate variability and other drivers of change on vegetation and crop suitability.
Presencia de Symbiocladius wygodzinskyi Roback, 1965 (Diptera, Chironomidae) en Perú. Notas taxonómicas
Authors: Prat N. , Acosta R. , Rieradevall M.
Published: February 2013

Se cita la presencia de S. wygodzinskyi Roback, 1965 (Diptera: Chironomidae) en dos áreas diferentes de Perú, mucho más al norte de la distribución original y viviendo sobre ninfas del género Meridialaris sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), ambas localidades se sitúan en ríos de la zona alta de los Andes, siempre en agua muy frías. Se señalan algunos detalles de la morfología de las larvas y las pupas no bien descritos en los trabajos originales y se discute la posición de los quironómidos sobre su hospedador.
Multi-Criteria Decision Aid for Sustainable Energy Prioritization Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design
Authors: Oztaysi Basar , Isik Mine , Ercan Secil
Published: February 2013

Sustainability has gained tremendous importance and has been an important issue both for policy makers and practitioners. Realizing that the resources on the earth are limited, renewable energy alternatives have flourished and started to replace the conventional energy alternatives. Energy planning using different energy alternatives, for the long term becomes a vital decision. In this study, fuzzy multi criteria decision- making methodologies, axiomatic design (AD) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are utilized for ranking both renewable and conventional energy alternatives. In the first phase AHP is utilized to determine the importance of the criteria and in the second phase fuzzy AD is used to evaluate the experts’ assessments. In the case study, both conventional and renewable energy alternatives are evaluated according to technical, economical, air quality and site selection perspectives. The case study results show that the renewable energy alternatives (biomass, geothermal power and wind) perform better than the conventional energy resources.
Positive matrix factorization of PM2.5 – eliminating the effects of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds
Authors: Xie M. , Barsanti K. C. , Hannigan M. P. , Dutton S. J. , Vedal S.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Gas-phase concentrations of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were calculated from gas/particle (G/P) partitioning theory using their measured particle-phase concentrations. The particle-phase data were obtained from an existing filter measurement campaign (27 January 2003–2 October 2005) as a part of the Denver Aerosol Sources and Health (DASH) study, including 970 observations of 71 SVOCs (Xie et al., 2013). In each compound class of SVOCs, the lighter species (e.g. docosane in n-alkanes, fluoranthene in PAHs) had higher total concentrations (gas + particle phase) and lower particle-phase fractions. The total SVOC concentrations were analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Then the results were compared with source apportionment results where only particle-phase SVOC concentrations were used (filter-based study; Xie et al., 2013). For the filter-based PMF analysis, the factors primarily associated with primary or secondary sources (n-alkane, EC/sterane and inorganic ion factors) exhibit similar contribution time series (r = 0.92–0.98) with their corresponding factors (n-alkane, sterane and nitrate + sulfate factors) in the current work. Three other factors (light n-alkane/PAH, PAH and summer/odd n-alkane factors) are linked with pollution sources influenced by atmospheric processes (e.g. G/P partitioning, photochemical reaction), and were less correlated (r = 0.69–0.84) with their corresponding factors (light SVOC, PAH and bulk carbon factors) in the current work, suggesting that the source apportionment results derived from filter-based SVOC data could be affected by atmospheric processes. PMF analysis was also performed on three temperature-stratified subsets of the total SVOC data, representing ambient sampling during cold (daily average temperature <10°C), warm (≥10°C and ≤20°C) and hot (>20°C) periods. Unlike the filter-based study, in this work the factor characterized by the low molecular weight (MW) compounds (light SVOC factor) exhibited strong correlations (r = 0.82–0.98) between the full data set and each sub-data set solution, indicating that the impacts of G/P partitioning on receptor-based source apportionment could be eliminated by using total SVOC concentrations.
Towards a stable and absolute atmospheric carbon dioxide instrument using spectroscopic null method
Authors: Xiang B. , Nelson D. D. , McManus J. B. , Zahniser M. S. , Wofsy S. C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. We present a novel spectral method to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) with high precision and stability without resorting to calibration tanks during long-term operation. This spectral null method improves precision by reducing spectral proportional noise associated with laser emission instabilities. We employ sealed quartz cells with known CO2 column densities to serve as the permanent internal references in the null method, which improve the instrument's stability and accuracy. A prototype instrument – ABsolute Carbon dioxide (ABC) is developed using this new approach. The instrument has one-second precision of 0.02 ppm, which averages down to 0.007 ppm within one minute. Long-term stability of within 0.1 ppm is achieved without any calibrations for over a one-month period. These results have the potential for eliminating the need for calibration cylinders for high accuracy field measurements of carbon dioxide.