bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Microcomputer System as a Tool for Research in Logical Thinking
Authors: DeLuca Frederick P. , Scouten Donald C.
Published: May 2005

The use of Piagetian tasks to study logical thinking has continued at a high rate despite the fact that their inherent limitations reduce the probability of finding new knowledge. In this study a microcomputer system was programmed with Piagetian tasks in an attempt to gain advantages while avoiding the limitations of the original tasks. College students viewed tasks in the form of alphanumerics and graphics on a TV monitor and interacted with the tasks by way of a keyboard. All key depressions and times between depressions were recorded on floppy disks which were subsequently interfaced with the IBM/370 computer for data manipulation and analysis. After a two-year test and evaluation program, which involved 360 students in three experiments, these investigators found that the microcomputer system contained several advantages over the original Piagetian tasks and provided the researcher with many new alternatives in the study of logical thinking.
Alcohol and Drug Use by Students on a University Campus in Thailand
Authors: Caffrey Rosalie A. , Caffrey Paul A. , Puapan Saichai , Jariyapayulkert Kuntalee
Published: May 2005

This survey was conducted with 501 students from a university in eastern Thailand. The questionnaire was based on the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey designed to survey U.S. higher-education students throughout the United States. It has been translated into Thai language with some modifications in content. Stratified cluster sampling was done based on year in attendance and Faculty (School) affiliation. Two-thirds of the respondents were female. Results showed that males are more involved in alcohol and drug use than females and suffer more consequences as a result. Although Thai students do not use these addictive substances as frequently as U.S. students, there is still cause for concern regarding alcohol use. The number of family members reported by students as having a problem with alcohol or drugs is especially significant.
Electroencephalographic Correlates of Verbally Induced Stress in Man
Authors: Hanley John
Published: May 2005

This article is a review of some of the sparse investigation of EEG concomitants of verbally induced stress. The difficulties encountered in good experimental design in this formidable area, which may account for the paucity of work, are discussed. A recent experiment in which spectral analysis of EEG played a prominent role, with spectral estimators selected as correlated with stressful questions, is presented in some detail. Autonomic measurements provided the stress indicators. The value of animal experiments for psychiatry in the investigation of stress is briefly examined.
Comparative Strength of Association between Religious Attendance and Survival
Authors: Strawbridge William J. , Cohen Richard D. , Shema Sarah J.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

Analyze effects on long-term survival of frequent religious attendance compared with four widely-accepted beneficial health behaviors.

Method:

Calculate gender-specific associations with mortality over 29 years for religious attendance, cigarette smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and non-religious social involvement. Subjects were 5,894 participants in the Alameda County Study age 21–75. Analyses use proportional hazards modeling with time-dependent measures to adjust for subsequent changes in attendance and each health behavior over the follow-up period. All statistical models adjust for the same variables.

Results:

For women, the protective effect of weekly religious attendance was of the same order of magnitude as the four other health behaviors. For men, the protective effect of weekly religious attendance was less than for any of the other health behaviors.

Conclusions:

The protective effect of religious attendance for women is comparable to those observed for several commonly recommended health behaviors: for men the protective effect of religious attendance is more modest. This strong gender difference may be a key to understanding how religious attendance exerts its effects.
Application of Expectancy Theory and User Observations in Identifying Factors Which Affect Human Performance on Computer Projects
Authors: Watson Warren E. , Behnke Ralph R.
Published: May 2005

Recently research has been directed toward psychological aspects of computer users. The present research effort identified internal and external elements, from the user's perspective, that affected human performance on complex computer projects. The participants were Information Systems majors who worked on projects identical to computer applications in business. User elements were used in conjunction with an expectancy theory model of motivation and entered into general linear model equations to examine their relationship with individual's project performance. Internal elements of Competence and Challenge along with the Effort-to-Performance measure of the expectancy model were found to be the strongest predictors of actual performance. Suggestions are given for relevance to academic and private sector organizations.
Professional Problems in Treating Suicidal Persons
Authors: Light Donald
Published: May 2005

Because physicians, psychiatrists and other clinicians must constantly deal with suicidal people, it is important to examine the problems and limitations of actual practice. This is made difficult by the paucity of research. What few clinical studies we do have manifest strong patterns which this article identifies as important hypotheses for further investigation. This is the third in a series of articles designed to shift sociological research away from the futile, Durkheimian study of causes for suicide and towards the analysis of how people cope with suicidal behavior.
Evaluation of a Community-Based Latino Heart Disease Prevention Program in Metropolitan Washington D.C.
Authors: Alcalay Rina , Alvarado Matilde , Balcazar Hector , Newman Eileen , Ortiz Gloria
Published: May 2005

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for Latinos living in the United States. This population is generally unaware of important lifestyle or behavioral changes that can prevent CVD. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with a community alliance designed and implemented Salud para su Corazón (Health for Your Heart), a culturally specific, community-based initiative to increase awareness about heart disease risk factors and knowledge about heart disease prevention, and to promote heart-healthy lifestyles. The initiative included messages about smoking cessation; weight loss if overweight; increase in physical activity; and checking blood pressure and cholesterol and treating them if high. Messages were communicated through multiple mass media, interpersonal, and outreach channels. A summative evaluation assessed the impact of the campaign. A pre- and post-campaign survey was conducted in the intervention community to assess whether the messages reached the target audience, and if the initiative had an effect. The sample of respondents included over 300 participants. Results showed that respondents were significantly more aware of risk factors for CVD after the campaign, and had greatly increased their knowledge of ways to prevent heart disease. Current behaviors to prevent cardiovascular disease had not changed at the post campaign measurement. Television, radio, and doctors were the most frequently cited sources of information for learning about the Salud para su Corazón initiative. Furthermore, the specific messages recalled and the source of information cited at post-test were similar to those promoted in the campaign, indicating it was successful in reaching the target audience.
Frontiers and Archaeology
Authors: Waselkov Gregory A. , Paul R. Eli
Published: May 2005

Although traditionally characterized by a host of diverse criteria, frontier is defined here as a transitional area, a zone of mixture and interaction, where societies meet in active competition. Recent archaeological studies have attempted to develop models of frontier adaptation, but most are incomplete because of their failure to consider the interrelationships of both intrusive and indigenous cultures. The archaeological implications of our framework of frontier dynamics can be illustrated by changes in Euro—American and Indian settlement-subsistence patterns, economics, and material culture which occurred during the European colonization of eastern North America. Frontier research also helps to bridge the boundary between prehistoric and historic archaeology, two aspects of a disciplinary continuum.
Predictors of Longevity of United States Presidents
Authors: Barry Herbert
Published: May 2005

Average life span was unusually long for ten presidents of the United States who were politically affiliated with the preceding president. Average life span was reliably shorter for twelve presidents who were political opponents of the predecessor and for eight presidents who attained that office by finishing the terms of their predecessors. Presidents with the same first names as their fathers also were more likely to be politically affiliated with the predecessors and to have long lives. Most of the other presidents not named after their fathers had brothers who were given their fathers' first names. A possible interpretation is that identification with authority figures, such as the father and the preceding president, counteracts the unusual stresses that shorten the lives of the majority of the presidents of the United States.
Late Woodland Period Settlement Patterns in the Piedmont Uplands of Pennsylvania: The Evidence from 36CH161
Authors: Raber Paul A.
Published: May 2005

Investigations at 36Ch161, a site in the Piedmont Uplands of Chester County, Pennsylvania, have revealed a series of early Late Woodland Period camps associated with the Minguannan Complex. The use of local quartz seems to have been a primary focus of settlement at the site. Quartz, which formed an overwhelming majority of the assemblage, was used in ways that contrast strongly with that of non-local materials like jasper, a minority component of the assemblage obtained from quarries in the Hardyston Formation. The selection of raw materials suggests restrictions on access to certain materials perhaps imposed by territorial constraints. The combined evidence of artifact assemblage and cultural features indicates that 36Ch161 was inhabited seasonally by small, mobile groups of non-horticulturalists, a reconstruction consistent with that of Custer and others regarding the economy of the Minguannan Complex and related cultures of the Piedmont Uplands.
On Structure in the Creative Process: A Quantitative Case-Study of the Creation of Picasso's Guernica
Authors: Weisberg Robert W.
Published: May 2005

This article presents a quantitative analysis of Picasso's preliminary works for his painting Guernica, to examine the nature of the thought processes underlying creation of this great work of art and to demonstrate the usefulness of quantitative methods in studying creation of a single work of art. Results indicated that the preliminary works for Guernica were drawn from a very limited subject matter, which was closely related to the event that stimulated the painting. In addition, the overall structure of the painting can be seen from the very first sketches. Finally, the idea which served as the core for Guernica came out of Picasso's work at that time. These findings indicate that Picasso's creative process can be looked upon as elaborating a kernel idea, rather than generating numerous different ideas, and culling the final direction from them at a later stage. These results have two implications. Specifically, they indicate that it is possible to analyze the structure in Picasso's thought processes; more broadly, they demonstrate that development of individual works of art can be analyzed using quantitative methods to test hypotheses concerning the creative process.
Styles of Planning Health Services: The United States, Sweden, and England
Authors: Anderson O. W.
Published: May 2005

Conscious planning of health services is being regarded as a necessity in western countries in order to contain costs, provide rational delivery systems, and assure equal access. Brief case studies of styles of planning for health services in the United States, Sweden, and Great Britain are presented in this paper. It is contended that since there are very few scientifically verified criteria regarding adequacy of personnel and facilities, proper volume of use of services, and how much health services should cost, conscious planning becomes at best arbitrary. Types of personnel and facilities are quite uniform in all countries determined by technologic imperatives. There are, however, differences in health services organization and systems, sources and amounts of funding, ratio of personnel and facilities to population, and use of services. It is, therefore, suggested that varying organizations, structures, and use result from differing social and political contexts, both historical and current. The health services of each country are a reflection of their problem-solving styles. The open-ended nature of health services precludes a standardized health services system from country to country, analogous to airports.
Meaningfulness and Hedonic Value of Paintings: Effects of Titles
Authors: Russell P. A. , Milne S.
Published: May 2005

The effects of presenting titles along with abstract and semi-abstract paintings was examined in two experiments. In the first, subjects rated twenty paintings for meaningfulness, pleasingness, interestingness, abstractness or complexity, in a between-subjects design, and either with or without titles. The titles increased rated meaningfulness and decreased rated abstractness but had no effect upon pleasingness (hedonic value) and the other measures. In the second experiment, it was shown that only the paintings' actual titles, and not bogus ones, increased their meaningfulness. The results are discussed in terms of the notion that titles are an aid to meaningful interpretation of paintings. The finding that titles increased meaningfulness but did not affect hedonic value is inconsistent with the theory that the hedonic value of paintings is linked to cognitive processes associated with the interpretation of their meaning.
Distress in Fatally and Chronically Ill Children: Methodological Note
Authors: Lewis Susan , Horton Fred T. , Armstrong Stephen
Published: May 2005

This report concerns the important empirical question of measuring distress experienced by a child while coming to terms with his or her own life-threatening illness. Nineteen fatally and chronically ill outpatient children were assessed in seven areas of personality functioning with seven different measurement methods. Inspection of the multitrait-multimethod correlation matrix indicates: that there are important differences in measures of distress that are thought to be roughly the same; and that, in general, the most common empirical methods are poorly fitted to the task of understanding the distress of fatally or chronically ill children.
Canadian Marketing Codes: How Well are They Controlling Pharmaceutical Promotion?
Authors: Lexchin Joel
Published: May 2005

Pharmaceutical promotion in Canada is controlled by two codes: a voluntary one developed by the Pharmaceutical Advertising Advisory Board dealing mostly with printed promotional material, and one from the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of Canada covering other forms of promotion. This article looks at enforcement of the provisions of these codes and at areas in which they are deficient. One of the major weaknesses in both codes is their lack of effective sanctions for companies that violate their provisions. Strong codes are necessary because many physicians rely heavily on promotional material for their source of prescribing information. However, voluntary codes or codes developed by the industry are inherently weak and lack effective enforcement mechanisms. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is currently very active in curtailing promotional excesses, government control is not the solution since regulatory action will depend on the ideological position of the head of the regulatory body and/or the party in power. An independent body backed by legislative authority is preferable.
Communication and Criticism
Authors: Bratchell Dennis F.
Published: May 2005

Language study and literary criticism have for many years been separated. Modern developments in critical theory have stressed the study of texts. Structuralism developed a semiotic approach to texts using psychological and linguistic theory to support objective analysis. Poststructuralist theory has further developed these approaches investigating deep and surface significance in textual interpretation urging a deconstruction of texts to yield a full contemporary understanding. The relationship between writer, reader, text, and context is seen anew within the whole communication complex in an approach which regards texts as discourse. Advanced foreign language teaching unites literature and language in a new synthesis stressing communication and conceptualization through language. Technical communication should be aware of new interdisciplinary trends since it is itself at the center of the dominant theme of communication.
Health Problems of Mexican and American Workers at Three Maquilas in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
Authors: Sizemore Mary Hoyte
Published: May 2005

With the increase in numbers of American companies opening plants on the Mexican side of the border (maquilas), comes an increase in daily contact among workers from a developed country and workers from a developing country. Reviews of medical consultation reports in three twin plants indicate a high incidence of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory disorders, and headaches. Respiratory problems were more prevalent in winter months (54–89% incidence), and gastrointestinal complaints soared in summer (65–77% incidence). White collar workers with greater education consistently had high incidences of gastrointestinal and respiratory problems. Health professionals on both sides of the border should be aware of the possibilities for transmitting these diseases from one country to another.
Student Performance Assessment Using Bayesian Network and Web Portfolios
Authors: Liu Chen-Chung , Chen Gwo-Dong , Wang Chin-Yeh , Lu Ching-Fang
Published: May 2005

Web-based curriculum development allows students to develop their learning portfolio and interact with peers on a Web learning system. This system contains Web portfolios that record in detail students' learning activities, peer interaction, and knowledge progress. However, teachers cannot easily diagnose students' learning processes and regulate effective strategies according to student activity performance without the model of activity performance on Web learning systems. This study proposes a novel methodology that employs Bayesian network software to assist teachers in efficiently deriving and utilizing the student model of activity performance from Web portfolios in an online manner. Teachers can assess and diagnose performances with the model of learning activity on Web learning systems. The model of activity performance also allows teachers to manage various activity performances in Web learning systems so that desired strategies can be achieved to promote learning effectiveness.
Children and Death: New Horizons in Theory and Measurement
Authors: Prichard Shawn , Epting Franz
Published: May 2005

Recent research in the area of children and death is reviewed in this article, focusing on the two broad domains of childrens' death concept development and children and bereavement. The kinds of psychometric instrumentation used in current projects within these areas is then reviewed. These instruments can be broadly classified as structured interview formats (standardized and unstandardized), paper and pencil formats (standardized and unstandardized), and phenomenographic methodology. The bulk of research in the field has relied upon structured interview formats. The Development of Death Concept Questionnaire and the Derry Death Concept Scale are the two standardized structured interview formats that are reviewed, along with a number of unstandardized structured interview formats. The Mourning Behavior Checklist and the Child Behavior Checklist are the two standardized paper and pencil formats that are reviewed, along with a number of unstandardized paper and pencil formats. A relatively new phenomenographic approach developed by Wenestam and Wass is also reviewed. This discussion is then used as a background for the secondary purpose of this article, which is to bring attention to the area of children and death anxiety as a new frontier for theoretical and psychometric investigation.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Utilizing Traditional Birth Attendants for Maternal and Child Health/Family Planning Programs in the Rural Philippines
Authors: Morisky Donald E.
Published: May 2005

A pilot project was designed to measure the effectiveness of utilizing traditional birth attendants ( hilots) as family planning motivators in the Philippines. A total of 492 hilots underwent a one-week training program in maternal and child health and family planning. Following the training, a quasi-experimental design was used to test the effects of training alone, training plus supervision, and the combination of training, supervision and a monetary incentive on family planning activities. In addition to these three program inputs, the type of training method was also assessed to determine its relationship on post-training knowledge scores and field performance. Analysis of the one-year program statistics indicated that a combination of training methods (lecture, audio-visual demonstrations, and role-playing) significantly increased both test performance and field performance. Hilots who received supervision recruited twice as many acceptors as hilots who received only the training input ( p <.01). Adding a monetary incentive did not significantly increase the average monthly number of acceptors recruited. Cost effectiveness of the three experimental approaches are contrasted with each other as well as with the national program utilizing family planning motivators.
Marian E. White: Researching Settlement Patterns of the Niagara Frontier
Authors: Hunt Eleazer D.
Published: May 2005

This paper reviews the somewhat neglected work of Marian White, who excavated some thirty sites in the western New York area before her untimely death. White introduced various hypotheses, methods, and techniques that contributed greatly to our understanding of village movements in the northeastern United States.
Levels of Death Anxiety in Terminally Ill Men: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hayslip Bert , Luhr Debra D. , Beyerlein Michael M.
Published: May 2005

Twenty-five men, twelve of whom were healthy and thirteen of whom had been diagnosed with AIDS, were administered measures of overt (Templer DAS) and covert (Incomplete Sentence Blank) fear of death in order to ascertain levels of death anxiety in those with a terminal illness. Results suggested that while men who had AIDS and those who were healthy did not differ in Templer DAS scores, Incomplete Sentence Blank total scores were higher ( p < .01) for males with AIDS. These findings are consistent with the observations of Pattison who suggested that one's life trajectory is redefined when the diagnosis of a terminal illness is made; such persons experience great anxiety, resulting in the denial of their fear in order to maintain a psychological equilibrium in the face of death.
Social Desirability and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Toner Brenda B. , Koyama Eileen , Garfinkel Paul E. , Jeejeebhoy Kursheed N. , Di Gasbarro Ines
Published: May 2005

The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, a 33-item self-report questionnaire, was administered to an age-matched sample of twenty-five irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, twenty-four psychiatric patients meeting a diagnosis of major depression, and nineteen controls. As predicted, planned comparisons analysis showed a significant group effect: IBS group scores were significantly higher than both depressed and control group scores ( p < .05). Implications of this social desirability response set for the psychological assessment and treatment of IBS are discussed.
Technical Writing in the Eighties
Authors: Schmelzer Richard W.
Published: May 2005

Three present-day developments are very likely to have a major influence upon technical writing in the nineteen eighties. These are: interactive lectures, information storage and retrieval, and the development of an ultra-small electronic camera for movies, television, and still pictures. Carefully tested interactive lectures will provide individual attention for learners at the time it is most needed. Under a perfected system of information storage and retrieval, the technical writer would suggest to the reader the kinds of information to request from a nation-wide information bank. He would also assist in the screening of information so that learners would not be deluged by surplus information. The small electronic camera will enable the technical writer to illustrate his instructions on the user's TV set. Thus, the technical writer of the eighties could well become a writer-producer.
The Sympathy Card as Cultural Assessment of American Attitudes toward Death, Bereavement and Extending Sympathy: A Replicated Study
Authors: Caldwell Charmaine , McGee Marsha , Pryor Charles
Published: May 2005

In 1980, Marsha McGee conducted a study to evaluate the content of sympathy cards to view the American treatment of death, bereavement, and sympathy. She surveyed eighty-seven college students to determine their use of and attitudes toward sympathy cards. Fifteen years later this study replicates that undertaking in an attempt to determine what attitude changes have occurred, if any. One hundred thirty-seven sympathy cards were analyzed, and ninety-three people completed a questionnaire. Data gathered were compared to the original results with the determination that in fact there have been subtle changes in many respects; however, the reluctance to confront death in our expressions of sympathy and to use “that word” remains as staunch as ever.
Just Playing a Game? Educational Simulation Software and Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Henderson Lyn , Klemes Joel , Eshet Yoram
Published: May 2005

The study investigated if young students internalized content and concepts embedded in a science computer microworld simulation as opposed to treating it as merely a game to be played. The article reports changes in the Grade Two students' cognitive outcomes and processes after learning with the software integrated within a thematic curriculum in a classroom over a period of six weeks. Results indicate improvement in various thinking skills and strategies, from basic recall to the higher level skills such as classification and inference, as well as in the children's usage of scientific language. Transfer occurred but was not significant thereby emphasizing the importance of providing numerous practices instead of relying on the software to teach higher order cognitive skills. Daily usage and a flexible paired working environment with the computer were pedagogical variables in the cognitive outcomes.
The Drug Involvement Scale for Adolescents (Disa)
Authors: Eggert Leona L. , Herting Jerald R. , Thompson Elaine A.
Published: May 2005

This article specifically addressed the need for a multidimensional approach to measuring adolescents' drug involvement. The Drug Involvement Scale for Adolescents (DISA) was theoretically specified and its measurement properties were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analyses and traditional procedures with 705 high-risk and typical high school students. Five first-order dimensions, Drug Access, Alcohol Use, Other Drug Use, Drug Use Control Problems and Adverse Drug Use Consequences, and a hierarchical model of Drug Involvement demonstrated a good fit between model and data. Further, the DISA demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .91); correlated as expected with known correlates of adolescent drug use; discriminated drug involvement between high-risk and typical high school students; and predicted later drug involvement and known drug-related consequences among adolescents. The results suggest the DISA should be useful for capturing a multidimensional view of adolescent drug involvement in both etiologic and prevention studies. A major advantage of the DISA is its brevity: twentytwo indicators constructed from twenty-nine items.
Measuring Attitudes toward Euthanasia
Authors: Holloway Harold D. , Hayslip Bert , Murdock Melissa E. , Maloy Robyn , Servaty Heather L. , Henard Kristan , Lopez Luis , Lysaght Rosemary , Moreno George , Moroney Thomas , Smith David , White Susanne
Published: May 2005

The development of a measure assessing attitudes toward euthanasia is presented, where data gathered from over 400 young adults yielded a thirty item Likert scale with high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Additionally, the discriminant validity of the scale was found in comparisons of those with death-related versus non-death-related experiences.
Effects of White Space in Learning via the Web
Authors: Bradshaw Amy C. , Johari Abbas
Published: May 2005

This study measured the effect of specific white space features on learning from instructional Web materials. The study also measured learners' beliefs regarding Web-based instruction. Prior research indicated that small changes in the handling of presentation elements can affect learning. Achievement results from this study indicated that in on-line materials, when content and overall structure are sound, minor differences regarding table borders and vertical spacing in text do not hinder learning. Beliefs regarding Web-based instruction and instructors who use it did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Implications of the study and cautions regarding generalizing from the results are discussed.
Student Perceptions of the Peer Review Process in Student Writing Projects
Authors: Simkin Mark G. , Ramarapu Nari K.
Published: May 2005

The process of academic peer review—i.e., students evaluating each other's work—can help instructors address a host of higher institutional objectives, not the least of which is the total quality management of collegiate teaching. But more is known about this process from the viewpoint of instructors than from the perspective of students. The purpose of this study was to formally examine student views of a specific peer-review system in which undergraduates assigned final grades to each other's term papers. A survey instrument revealed a high degree of comfort with the process, as well as some insights into why a few students were uncomfortable with it.
An Analysis of Metal Artifacts Using Xeroradiography
Authors: Neiburger E. J.
Published: May 2005

A non-destructive and easy-to-use technique for metal artifact analysis is described. Xeroradiography is an X-ray technique using an electrically charged selenium plate instead of photographic film. It can be used to distinguish between metal objects which have been either cast or wrought.
Against Prototypicality as a Central Concept in Aesthetics
Authors: Boselie Frans
Published: May 2005

According to Martindale's cognitive theory, the main determinant of aesthetic preference is prototypicality, and preference is usually related to its determinant in a monotonic or U-shaped fashion. Such a relation between aesthetic preference and prototypicality has been proposed before by other investigators. Contrary to their view, it will be argued that prototypicality will not do as a central concept in aesthetics.
The Stream of Consciousness: XII. Consciousness and Self-Awareness
Authors: Natsoulas Thomas
Published: May 2005

Consciousness and self-awareness—how are they mutually related? This contribution to the present series of articles begins to consider replies to this question from the Jamesian perspective of The Principles. First, several relevant senses of consciousness are made explicit. Then, I give attention to James's notion of personal consciousness: How do the basic durational components of a stream of consciousness “cohere” to form a stream, given that, on James's mind—body dualism, they do not have a spatial location? Continuities of content among the components of a single stream is supposed to be the unifying factor; James held bodily feelings are an intrinsic feature of every component of a stream. The diachronic unity of consciousness rests heavily on a kind of self-awareness. Also addressed here are inner awareness, or the immediate awareness that one can have of one's mental-occurrence instances, and whether remembering past experiences requires that one had not only inner awareness of them when they occurred, but self-awareness as well.
A Seven-Stage Quality Control Model for Interactive Videodisc Projects
Authors: Litchfield Brenda C. , Dempsey John V.
Published: May 2005

With the rapid increase of videodisc instruction in numerous areas of education and training, more and more individuals are becoming involved with interactive video design and development efforts. This process is complex and requires different skills from the instructional development efforts needed for print or computer-based instruction. The success of a project will depend on the execution of precise quality control procedures during all phases of design, development, production, and revision. This article presents a quality control model that is intended for use with reasonably large projects. Portions, however, can be revised to accommodate projects of various sizes and product types.
What is in a Name? Freshman English or Technical Writing
Authors: Bruckmann C. G.
Published: May 2005

W. Earl Britton's and Merril D. Whitburn's views on freshman English and technical writing are not as much in conflict as the titles of their recent articles may suggest. The two courses are solutions to two different problems, namely the communicative skills required by undergraduates and by graduate engineers.

Experience at the University of the Witwatersrand indicates that two courses, one given at the beginning of the undergraduate course and one at the end, would be an ideal solution. Where a crowded curriculum permits only one course, the compromise solution requires elements from both types of courses.
Constructing Symbolic Ancestry: Befriending Time, Confronting Death
Authors: Lambert Ronald D.
Published: May 2005

The present study examines: a) the relationship between religious orientations and interest in the ancestral past; and b) the discursive practices of genealogists in dealing with time and death. Genealogy refers to the construction of family pedigrees in terms of births, marriages, and deaths, embellished with stories about the historic family and individual ancestors. Analyses are based on quantitative and qualitative data taken from personal interviews and surveys conducted in Canada (in 1994 and 1998) and Australia (in 1999). Multivariate analyses of national data failed to find effects for religiosity on passive or active interest in genealogy, but found significant negative effects for belief in an afterlife on both measures. Qualitative analyses of genealogists' accounts of their experiences in the pastime revealed symbolic and largely secular strategies designed to extend the time frame of their lives beyond their personal biographies, and to address the twin challenges posed by aging and death on the part of close family members and themselves.
Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Stroke
Authors: Beckson Mace , Cummings Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2005

Neuropsychiatric disorders following stroke are common, and pathologic involvement of specific regions or functional systems results in behavioral syndromes similar to idiopathic psychiatric syndromes. Depression occurs in up to half of all stroke patients and is most frequently associated with left anterior cortical and subcortical infarctions. Mood changes interfere with cognitive, functional and social recovery. Treatment with heterocyclic antidepressants, stimulants, and electroconvulsive therapy is efficacious in most patients. Mania, delusions, hallucinations, personality alterations, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and changes in sexual behavior are less common but have also been described in post-stroke patients. Each behavioral syndrome is associated with a specific pattern of brain involvement. Investigation of these phenomena contributes to understanding the cerebral basis of psychiatric disorders.
Notes on Hinds Cave, Val Verde County, Texas
Authors: Shafer Harry J. , Bryant Vaughn M.
Published: May 2005

In Andrews and Adovasio's (1986) reply to Glenna Williams-Dean's (1986) review of Perishable Industries from Hinds Cave, Val Verde County, Texas, they make a number of misleading statements regarding the excavation strategies and provenience of the collection. The purpose of this article is to correct these inaccuracies and to provide a view of the Hinds Cave Project from the perspective of the principal investigators.
Formal Written Communication and ESL
Authors: Selinker Larry , Trimble Louis
Published: May 2005

This article, first of all, describes some of the results of research into the relationship between grammatical choice and rhetorical function in English for Science and Technology (EST). The second part of the paper presents some details about procedures used in EST courses for non-native speakers. We emphasize changes made in these procedures through application of the results of our research. Some unsolved problems are referred to.
Participatory Epidemiology: Methods of the Living with Diabetes Project
Authors: Thompson Samantha J.
Published: May 2005

This article describes how the principles of participatory research were applied to the study of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) in an urban Aboriginal community in Melbourne, Australia. The process of developing an appropriate questionnaire and method for the epidemiological study of diabetes was combined with community-controlled initiatives for diabetes management and prevention. A close to full time presence in the community and the flexibility of qualitative methods facilitated the development of a quality working relationship between the researcher and community members and the modification of the research to increase direct community benefit. Creating a balance between the priorities of research and action proved one of the major challenges during the collection of data. Flexibility and communication beyond the completion of the research component were crucial for the development of community-owned diabetes education materials and for consultation and collaboration in the publication of the research results.
Narcissism and the Development of Chronic Pain
Authors: Blazer Dan German
Published: May 2005

Thirteen patients were selected for study from a population of patients undergoing routine psychiatric evaluation in a Pain Clinic. These patients demonstrated consistent character traits (traits typically seen in the narcissistic personality) and appeared to be vulnerable to the development of a chronic pain syndrome. The psychological characteristics of these patients are discussed and compared with a control group of patients with chronic pain. The developmental aspects of the syndrome are emphasized. Implications for treatment are suggested from the clinical material.
Online Education: An Exploratory Study into Success Factors
Authors: Volery Thierry
Published: May 2005

The rapid growth of end-user computing, low-cost communication, and the development of the Internet has lead to a surge of online courses. In light of this, many educators still await the promise of technology's power to improve teaching effectiveness. This article presents an exploratory study of a Web-based distance education course at a major Australian university. We identify three critical success factors associated with teaching effectiveness in online delivery—technology, the lecturer, and the students' previous use of the technology. We also argue that the lecturer will continue to play a central role in online education, albeit his or her role will become one of a learning catalyst and knowledge navigator.
Ancestor Worship in Japan: Dependence and the Resolution of Grief
Authors: Klass Dennis
Published: May 2005

Ancestor worship in Japan is ritual, supported by a sophisticated theory, by which the living manage their bonds with the dead. Differing cultural values on autonomy/dependence create differences in interpersonal bonds, thus different dynamics in breaking and continuing bonds after death. This article defines ancestor worship and places in its historical/political context, discusses autonomy and dependence as cultural values in terms of expressions and resolutions of grief, and describes ancestor worship as processes similar to the resolution of grief in the modern West.
The Effects of Bystander Sex and Visibility of Victim on Intended Helping
Authors: Wollman Neil , Griggs Gladden , Stouder Robin
Published: May 2005

Two studies involving imagined emergencies were conducted with a dependent measure of intended helping. Manipulations included sex of bystander and victim, and visibility of victim. The hypothesis that greater visibility of victims would elicit greater intended helping was confirmed; however, the effect was attributable to male bystanders only. Discussion centered on “personalism” and sex-role factors as mediators of the level of intended helping. The validity of using imagined situations was also discussed.
Implementing Full Text in Libraries: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Weas Andrea
Published: May 2005

My favorite quote about electronic access to periodicals: “electronic full text periodicals are already a big deal” is interesting particularly because the statement was made in October 1992. Four years later, during the 1996/1997 academic year, electronic full text access also was having widespread impact on State University of New York (SUNY) campuses. Adding access to electronic periodical articles in libraries is not always as simple as selecting new paper titles and funding the subscription is only one of the issues. In this article, I will explore some of the most pressing issues facing libraries that choose to implement electronic full text periodical subscriptions including implementation, technical, ongoing support, and archival concerns. I will also discuss libraries' experiences in implementing full text access to periodical titles via traditional abstracting and indexing services focusing on the experiences of SUNY librarians.
Logo Programming and Peer Interactions: An Analysis of Process- and Product-Oriented Collaborations
Authors: Burns Barbara , Coon Heather
Published: May 2005

Recent research has made connections between Logo programming and Carol Dweck's theoretical framework for achievement motivation [1–3]. Burns and Hagerman recently reported that Logo experiences increased children's mastery-orientation and learning goals [1]. Within Dweck's framework [4, 5], Logo experiences appeared to act as training in “incremental thinking.” Experiment 1 examined peer interaction patterns of third-grade children who received extensive Logo or control programming experience as part of the Burns and Hagerman study. We investigated whether the reported increases in “incremental thinking” associated with Logo experiences were exhibited in peer interaction patterns during collaborative problem solving. Experiment 2 examined the peer interaction patterns in additional groups of third-grade children during actual use of Logo or a control programming language. Our prediction for both studies was that Logo would be associated with a differential pattern of verbalizations during collaborative problem solving. Results from Experiment 1 suggested that extensive Logo experiences may influence the pattern of process-oriented and product-oriented verbalizations during peer collaboration on problem-solving tasks. Experiment 2 provided some suggestions as to the mechanism underlying the effects found in Experiment 1. Peer collaborations using Logo were shown to focus more on the process relative to the product of problem solving when compared to a control programming language. Further research on the interrelations between Logo, peer interaction patterns and achievement motivation was indicated.
Group Therapy in the Outpatient Management of Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Rahe Richard H. , Tuffli Charles F. , Suchor Raymond J. , Arthur Ransom J.
Published: May 2005

A controlled experiment of the utility of group therapy as an adjunct to the medical outpatient management of patients following myocardial infarction has been in progress for nearly a year. The long-range purpose of the experiment is to assess the possible benefits of group therapy experience in terms of subjects' job rehabilitation rates, angina pectoris prevalence, nitroglycerin use, rehospitalization for coronary heart disease, as well as reinfarction and mortality rates-compared to those for control subjects. The early results from the group therapy experience, however, have provided important information and are reported here to illustrate the psychological physiology of the rehabilitation process and emphasize patients' special needs, too often ignored during their convalescence.
The Effects of the Social Relations of Production on Productivity and Workers' Safety: An Ignored Set of Relationships
Authors: Grunberg Leon
Published: May 2005

This paper considers the interrelationships between the social relations of production, workers' safety, and the productivity of labor. The argument is that the social relations of production directly influence the intensity of labor (one facet of labor productivity), which in turn influences the rate of industrial accidents (one aspect of workers' safety). These relationships are illustrated with data from a carefully controlled comparison between two Chrysler plants in Europe in 1976 (Poissy in France and Ryton in England). The data are from internal company sources and are considered very reliable. The data show that Poissy had a higher labor productivity than Ryton, although both made the same car. This is partly accounted for by differences in the intensity of labor at the two plants. The evidence strongly suggests that a key reason for this difference lies in the contrasting nature of the social relations of production at the two plants. Ryton workers were better organized and more militant on the shop floor than were Poissy workers. Finally, it was found that the accident rate was about sixty times higher at Poissy than at Ryton, which provides strong support for the interrelationships proposed.
A Larger Perspective on the Flexner Report
Authors: Berliner Howard S.
Published: May 2005

This paper is an attempt to place the Flexner Report of 1910 in the larger perspective of dynamics of American society in the years surrounding the turn of the 19th century. It looks at medicine as an integral part of society affected by the contradictions affecting the larger society. The Flexner Report is viewed as an attempt by the capitalist class to ameliorate those contradictions affecting medicine. The events preceding the publication of the Flexner Report are described in detail, and some problems with conventional accounts of the origins of the Flexner Report are discussed. In addition, the paradigm of medicine that was institutionalized with the acceptance and implementation of the Flexnerian recommendations is discussed.
Pharmacy Manpower in the United States: A Wasted Resource
Authors: West Sheila K.
Published: May 2005

Pharmacists constitute the third largest group of professionally trained health personnel in the United States, yet scant attention has been paid to the problem of inefficient utilization of this manpower resource. This paper focuses on aspects of pharmacy education and practice that characterize the problem of underutilization, and discusses proposed alternative approaches to reduce the disparity between the skills and knowledge acquired through education and those actually applied in current pharmacy practice.