bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of human microbiome and selected bacterial infections in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Roszyk Ewa , Puszczewicz Mariusz
Published: December 2017

Microorganisms inhabiting human body form a complex ecosystem. The mutual influence of the microbiome and the immune system of the host constitute the basis for numerous diseases, e.g. pseudomembranous colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, atopic diseases, obesity, reactive arthritis. New molecular diagnostic methods and multi-center studies may help in understanding of the role of microbiota in health and disease. Rheumatoid arthritis has a multi-faceted etiology, and its causes are not entirely understood. There are indications for the influence of microbiomes of oral cavity, intestines, lungs and urinary tract on the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Interactions between microorganisms and human immune system play role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Two clinical cases of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with isolated otitis media and mastoiditis
Authors: Kukushev Georgi , Kalinova Desislava , Sheytanov Ivan , Rashkov Rasho
Published: December 2017

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is characterised by granulomatous necrotising inflammatory lesions of the upper and lower respiratory tract, often associated with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. The diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis is made according to the classification criteria of the ACR criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis. We present two cases of granulomatosis with polyangiitis limited/localised form. The common feature between two clinical cases were not sufficient criteria for a definite diagnosis at the beginning. In both cases the clinical presence was otitis media with acute mastoiditis, peripheral facial nerve palsy, and severe headache. Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis define favourable prognosis. On the other hand, the treatment of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy) has various side effects, and the “ex juvantibus” therapy is hazardous.
Annual cycle of Scots pine photosynthesis
Authors: Hari Pertti , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Liisa , Kulmala Markku , Noe Steffen , Petäjä Tuukka , Vanhatalo Anni , Bäck Jaana
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Photosynthesis, i.e. the assimilation of atmospheric carbon to organic molecules with the help of solar energy, is a fundamental and well-understood process. Here, we connect theoretically the fundamental concepts affecting C3 photosynthesis with the main environmental drivers (ambient temperature and solar light intensity), using six axioms based on physiological and physical knowledge, and yield straightforward and simple mathematical equations. The light and carbon reactions in photosynthesis are based on the coherent operation of the photosynthetic machinery, which is formed of a complicated chain of enzymes, membrane pumps and pigments. A powerful biochemical regulation system has emerged through evolution to match photosynthesis with the annual cycle of solar light and temperature. The action of the biochemical regulation system generates the annual cycle of photosynthesis and emergent properties, the state of the photosynthetic machinery and the efficiency of photosynthesis. The state and the efficiency of the photosynthetic machinery is dynamically changing due to biosynthesis and decomposition of the molecules. The mathematical analysis of the system, defined by the very fundamental concepts and axioms, resulted in exact predictions of the behaviour of daily and annual patterns in photosynthesis. We tested the predictions with extensive field measurements of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) photosynthesis on a branch scale in northern Finland. Our theory gained strong support through rigorous testing.
Formation of secondary organic aerosol coating on black carbon particles near vehicular emissions
Authors: Lee Alex K. Y. , Chen Chia-Li , Liu Jun , Price Derek J. , Betha Raghu , Russell Lynn M. , Zhang Xiaolu , Cappa Christopher D.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) emitted from incomplete combustion can result in significant impacts on air quality and climate. Understanding the mixing state of ambient BC and the chemical characteristics of its associated coatings is particularly important to evaluate BC fate and environmental impacts. In this study, we investigate the formation of organic coatings on BC particles in an urban environment (Fontana, California) under hot and dry conditions using a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS). The SP-AMS was operated in a configuration that can exclusively detect refractory BC (rBC) particles and their coatings. Using the −log(NOx ∕ NOy) ratio as a proxy for photochemical age of air masses, substantial formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) coatings on rBC particles was observed due to active photochemistry in the afternoon, whereas primary organic aerosol (POA) components were strongly associated with rBC from fresh vehicular emissions in the morning rush hours. There is also evidence that cooking-related organic aerosols were externally mixed from rBC. Positive matrix factorization and elemental analysis illustrate that most of the observed SOA coatings were freshly formed, providing an opportunity to examine SOA coating formation on rBCs near vehicular emissions. Approximately 7–20 wt % of secondary organic and inorganic species were estimated to be internally mixed with rBC on average, implying that rBC is unlikely the major condensation sink of SOA in this study. Comparison of our results to a co-located standard high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) measurement suggests that at least a portion of SOA materials condensed on rBC surfaces were chemically different from oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) particles that were externally mixed with rBC, although they could both be generated from local photochemistry.
How long do satellites need to overlap? Evaluation of climate data stability from overlapping satellite records
Authors: Weatherhead Elizabeth C. , Harder Jerald , Araujo-Pradere Eduardo A. , Bodeker Greg , English Jason M. , Flynn Lawrence E. , Frith Stacey M. , Lazo Jeffrey K. , Pilewskie Peter , Weber Mark , Woods Thomas N.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Sensors on satellites provide unprecedented understanding of the Earth's climate system by measuring incoming solar radiation, as well as both passive and active observations of the entire Earth with outstanding spatial and temporal coverage. A common challenge with satellite observations is to quantify their ability to provide well-calibrated, long-term, stable records of the parameters they measure. Ground-based intercomparisons offer some insight, while reference observations and internal calibrations give further assistance for understanding long-term stability. A valuable tool for evaluating and developing long-term records from satellites is the examination of data from overlapping satellite missions. This paper addresses how the length of overlap affects the ability to identify an offset or a drift in the overlap of data between two sensors. Ozone and temperature data sets are used as examples showing that overlap data can differ by latitude and can change over time. New results are presented for the general case of sensor overlap by using Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) and Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) solar irradiance data as an example. To achieve a 1 % uncertainty in estimating the offset for these two instruments' measurement of the Mg II core (280 nm) requires approximately 5 months of overlap. For relative drift to be identified within 0.1 % yr−1 uncertainty (0.00008 W m−2 nm−1 yr−1), the overlap for these two satellites would need to be 2.5 years. Additional overlap of satellite measurements is needed if, as is the case for solar monitoring, unexpected jumps occur adding uncertainty to both offsets and drifts; the additional length of time needed to account for a single jump in the overlap data may be as large as 50 % of the original overlap period in order to achieve the same desired confidence in the stability of the merged data set. Results presented here are directly applicable to satellite Earth observations. Approaches for Earth observations offer additional challenges due to the complexity of the observations, but Earth observations may also benefit from ancillary observations taken from ground-based and in situ sources. Difficult choices need to be made when monitoring approaches are considered; we outline some attempts at optimizing networks based on economic principles. The careful evaluation of monitoring overlap is important to the appropriate application of observational resources and to the usefulness of current and future observations.
Middle atmospheric ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen trioxide in 2002–2011: SD-WACCM simulations compared to GOMOS observations
Authors: Kyrölä Erkki , Andersson Monika E. , Verronen Pekka T. , Laine Marko , Tukiainen Simo , Marsh Daniel R.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Most of our understanding of the atmosphere is based on observations and their comparison with model simulations. In the middle atmosphere studies it is common practice to use an approach, where the model dynamics is at least partly based on temperature and wind fields from an external meteorological model. In this work we test how closely satellite measurements of a few central trace gases agree with this kind of model simulation. We use collocated vertical profiles where each satellite measurement is compared to the closest model data.  We compare profiles and distributions of O3, NO2, and NO3 from the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars instrument (GOMOS) on ENVISAT with simulations by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). GOMOS measurements are from nighttime. Our comparisons show that in the stratosphere outside the polar regions differences in ozone between GOMOS and WACCM are small. The correlation of monthly and 5-day time series show very high correlation. In the tropical region in the lower stratosphere WACCM shows consistently larger values than GOMOS. In the polar areas GOMOS measurements show ozone losses that can be connected to the elevated NO2 concentrations from solar storms and strong down draft events from the thermosphere that take place in the winter polar regions. In the mesosphere above the ozone minimum at 0.01 hPa (or 80 km) large differences are found between WACCM and GOMOS. Correlation can still be high, but at the second ozone peak correlation falls strongly and the ozone abundance from WACCM is about 60 % smaller than from GOMOS. Outside the polar areas and in the validity region 25–0.3 hPa GOMOS and WACCM NO2 agree reasonably well and the correlation is reasonably high except in the upper stratosphere in the southern latitudes. In the polar areas, where solar particle precipitation and downward transport from the thermosphere enhance NOX abundance, large differences are found between GOMOS and WACCM NO2. For NO3, we find WACCM values agreeing largely with GOMOS with very high correlation. We show that NO3 values depend very sensitively on temperature. The ratio of O3 to NO3 follows closely to the prediction from the equilibrium chemical theory. Abrupt temperature increases from Sudden Stratospheric Warmings are reflected as sudden enhancements of GOMOS and WACCM NO3 values. NO3 values can therefore be used as a proxy for major stratospheric warmings.
Palaeoenvironments during MIS 3 and MIS 2 inferred from lacustrine intercalations in the loess–palaeosol sequence at Bobingen (southern Germany)
Authors: Mayr Christoph , Matzke-Karasz Renate , Stojakowits Philipp , Lowick Sally E. , Zolitschka Bernd , Heigl Tanja , Mollath Richard , Theuerkauf Marian , Weckend Marc-Oliver , Bäumler Rupert , Gregor Hans-Joachim
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Recently exposed loess–palaeosol sequences in the northern Alpine foreland close to Bobingen (southern Germany) were investigated with a multi-proxy approach combining isotopic, geochemical, lithological, and micropalaeontological methods. Luminescence ages date the sections into the Middle and Upper Würmian periods corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 2. A gleyic soil horizon at the base was dated to 45 ka and provided a palynoflora dominated by Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Pinus, as well as frequent aquatic taxa. Lacustrine conditions prevailed after the gley formation until 30 ka, providing a comparatively diverse lacustrine fauna dominated by aquatic gastropods and the ostracod species Candona candida. At the transition to the Upper Würm, climatic conditions became harsh, indicated by accelerated deposition of more coarse-grained loess, organic geochemical indicators, and scarceness of biotic remains. Two tundra-gley horizons in the Upper Würm point to short phases of climatic amelioration with higher humidity also evidenced by reoccurrence of ostracod and aquatic gastropod remains. We propose that these climatic ameliorations were coincident with the Greenland interstadials 4 and 2.
Spatiotemporal response of the water cycle to land use conversions in a typical hilly–gully basin on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Qiu Linjing , Wu Yiping , Wang Lijing , Lei Xiaohui , Liao Weihong , Hui Ying , Meng Xianyong
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The hydrological effects of the Grain for Green project (GFGP) on the Loess Plateau have been extensively debated due to the complexity of the water system and its multiple driving factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of the hydrological cycle to the GFGP measures based in a case study of the Yanhe Basin, a typical hilly–gully area on the Loess Plateau of China. First, we analyzed the land use and land cover (LULC) changes from 1990 to 2010. Then, we evaluated the effects of LULC changes and sloping land conversion on the main hydrological components in the basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The results indicated that cropland exhibited a decreasing trend, declining from 40.2 % of the basin area in 1990 to 17.6 % in 2010, and that the woodland and grassland areas correspondingly increased. With the land use changes from 1990 to 2010, the water yield showed a decreasing trend which was mainly due to decrease in surface runoff. In contrast, evapotranspiration (ET) showed an increasing trend over the same period, resulting in a persistent decrease in soil water. The conversion of sloping cropland to grassland or woodland exerted negative effects on water yield and soil water. Compared with the land use condition in 2010, the negative effects were most evident where cropland with a slope  ≥  15° was converted to woodland, with decreases in surface runoff and soil water of 17.1 and 6.4 %, respectively. These results suggest that the expansive reforestation on sloping land in the loess hilly–gully region decreased water yield and increased ET, resulting in reduced soil water. The results of this study can be used to support sustainable land use planning and water resource management on the Loess Plateau in China.
Prediction of surface location error in milling considering the effects of uncertain factors
Authors: Huang Xianzhen , Jia Fangjun , Zhang Yimin , Lian Jinhua
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Machining accuracy of a milled surface is influenced by process dynamics. Surface location error (SLE) in milling determines final dimensional accuracy of the finished surface. Therefore, it is critical to predict, control, and minimize SLE. In traditional methods, the effects of uncertain factors are usually ignored during prediction of SLE, and this would tend to generate estimation errors. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents methods for probabilistic analysis of SLE in milling. A dynamic model for milling process is built to determine relationship between SLE and cutting parameters using full-discretization method (FDM). Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS) method and artificial neural network (ANN) based MCS method are proposed for predicting reliability of the milling process. Finally, a numerical example is used to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Impacts of extreme weather events on transport infrastructure in Norway
Authors: Frauenfelder Regula , Solheim Anders , Isaksen Ketil , Romstad Bård , Dyrrdal Anita V. , Ekseth Kristine H. H. , Harbitz Alf , Harbitz Carl B. , Haugen Jan Erik , Hygen Hans Olav , Haakenstad Hilde , Jaedicke Christian , Jónsson Árni , Klæboe Ronny , Ludvigsen Johanna , Meyer Nele M. , Rauken Trude , Skaland Reidun G. , Sverdrup-Thygeson Kjetil , Aaheim Asbjørn , Bjordal Heidi , Fevang Per-Anton
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This paper presents selected results of the interdisciplinary research project Impacts of extreme weather events on infrastructure in Norway (InfraRisk) carried out between 2010 to 2013, as part of the program NORKLIMA (2004 2013) of the Research Council of Norway (RCN). The project has systematized large amounts of existing data and generated new results that are important for our handling of risks associated with future extreme weather and natural hazards threatening the transport infrastructure in Norway. The results of the InfaRisk project range widely, from the establishment of trends in key weather elements to studies of human response to threats from extreme weather. The analyses of weather elements have provided a clearer understanding of the trends in the development of extreme weather. The studies are based on both historical data and available future scenarios (projections) from climate models. Compared to previous studies, we calculated changes in climate variables that are particularly important in relation to nature hazards. Overall, the analyses document an increase in frequency as well as intensity of both precipitation and wind. Results of projections show that the observed changes will continue throughout this century. We could also identify large regional differences, with some areas experiencing, e.g., a reduction in the intensity of heavy rainfall events. However, most of the country will experience the opposite, i.e., both increased intensity and increased frequency of heavy precipitation. Our analyses show that at least 27 per cent of Norwegian roads and 31 per cent of railroads are exposed to rock fall and snow avalanches hazards. The project has also assessed relationships between different parameters that can affect the likelihood of debris flows. Variables such as terrain slope and size of watercourses are important, while local climate, which varies widely in Norway, determines threshold values for rainfall that can trigger debris flows.
The significance of vertical moisture diffusion on drifting snow sublimation near snow surface
Authors: Huang Ning , Shi Guanglei
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Sublimation of blowing snow is an important parameter not only for the study of polar ice sheets and glaciers, but also for maintaining the ecology of arid and semi-arid lands. However, sublimation of near-surface blowing snow has often been ignored in previous studies. To study sublimation of near-surface blowing snow, we established a sublimation of blowing snow model containing both a vertical moisture diffusion equation and a heat balance equation. The results showed that although sublimation of near-surface blowing snow was strongly reduced by a negative feedback effect, due to vertical moisture diffusion, the relative humidity near the surface does not reach 100  %. Therefore, the sublimation of near-surface blowing snow does not stop. In addition, the sublimation rate near the surface is 3–4 orders of magnitude higher than that at 10 m above the surface and the mass of snow sublimation near the surface accounts for more than half of the total snow sublimation when the friction wind velocity is less than about 0.55 m s−1. Therefore, the sublimation of near-surface blowing snow should not be neglected.
Sistemas de ayuda entre iguales con poblaciones de niños del espectro autista en escuelas inclusivas. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Liesa Orús Marta , Latorre Cosculluela Cecilia , Vázquez Toledo Sandra
Published: December 2017

El emplazamiento de los niños con Trastorno de Espectro Autista (TEA) en contextos inclusivos ha ido progresivamente desestimando las intervenciones de carácter más individualizado para dejar surgir a una perspectiva de integración escolar, destacando así la importancia de la influencia de los chicos con desarrollo típico (DT) en sus habilidades sociales y comunicativas. La utilización pedagógica de las mediaciones entre iguales implica la enseñanza de una serie de estrategias y pautas a niños sin dificultades para facilitar la interacción social de chicos con TEA. De este modo, en esta revisión sistemática se expone la búsqueda y análisis de 11 trabajos empíricos que utilizan las intervenciones mediadas entre iguales con niños con TEA en contextos escolares de carácter inclusivo. De cada uno de los estudios seleccionados se analizan una serie de cuestiones, a saber: características de los participantes, modalidad y duración del entrenamiento a los compañeros, espacio y tipo de activdades puestas en práctica y, finalmente, los resultados obtenidos. Tras la extracción de datos, se evidencian efectos claramente favorecedores de este tipo de intervenciones con niños con TEA en lo que respecta a sus comportamientos sociales y comunicativos, encontrándose un predominante porcentaje de mediaciones que se llevan a cabo en los recreos escolares.
Percepciones sobre la influencia de las actividades no comunicativas en la motivación para el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera
Authors: González Torres Paúl Fernando , Castillo Cuesta Luz Mercedes , Quiñónez Beltrán Ana Lucía , Cabrera Solano Paola Alexandra , Ochoa Cueva César Augusto
Published: December 2017

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la percepción de los estudiantes y docentes de una provincia de la Región Amazónica del Ecuador en relación a las actividades no comunicativas y su impacto en la motivación de los estudiantes que aprenden una lengua extranjera. Para obtener la información, se aplicó un cuestionario a 180 estudiantes de bachillerato y 8 docentes; adicionalmente, se realizó una entrevista a todos los docentes y a una muestra de 40 estudiantes. Para una mejor comprensión de las percepciones de los estudiantes y profesores, se analizó la información obtenida de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa. Se concluye que tanto profesores como estudiantes consideran a las actividades no comunicativas realizadas en clase como motivantes para el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. De las actividades analizadas, las relacionadas con el aprendizaje de vocabulario, revisión de las tareas escritas de compañeros, y uso de materiales audiovisuales son las que más motivan a los estudiantes para aprender una lengua extranjera.
Diseño y validación del cuestionario de percepción del profesorado de Educación Primaria sobre el aprendizaje del alumnado basado en competencias (#ICOMpri2)
Authors: Meroño Lourdes , Calderón Antonio , Arias-Estero José-Luis , Méndez-Giménez Antonio
Published: December 2017

El objetivo del trabajo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para conocer la percepción del profesorado de Educación Primaria sobre el aprendizaje del alumnado basado en competencias. En la creación inicial del instrumento se establecieron ocho dimensiones correspondientes a las ocho competencias básicas (Real Decreto 1513/2006). En la validez de contenido, los expertos (n=35) valoraron positivamente constructo, dimensiones e ítems del cuestionario. Los resultados estadísticos de los ítems mostraron la adecuada validez de comprensión de los participantes (n=45 docentes). En la validez de constructo (n=255 docentes), las propiedades psicométricas mostraron la adecuada bondad de ajuste del análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad manifestaron una versión válida y fiable del cuestionario compuesto por 24 ítems. El instrumento contó con evidencias externas de validez, dado que los resultados fueron en la línea de lo que demuestra la literatura. El cuestionario permitió descubrir la alta percepción del profesorado de tercero a sexto de Educación Primaria sobre el aprendizaje del alumnado basado en competencias.[Abstract: The purposes of this paper was to design and to validate a questionnaire of perception of elementary education teachers from third to sixth grade about student learning based on key competences. Eight dimensions were established corresponding to the eight key competences in the initial creation of the instrument (Royal Decree 1513/2006). In the content validity, experts (n=35) appreciated the construct, the dimensions and the questionnaire items. The results of the statistical analysis of the items showed adequate comprehension validity of participants (n=45 teachers). In the construct validity (n=255 teachers), the results showed correct psychometric quality, internal consistency, reliability and the adequacy of the structural model. The reliability coefficients showed a valid and reliable version of questionnaire consisting of 24 items. The instrument had evidence of external validity, since the results were congruence with research main findings. It is important to note the high perception of the elementary teachers from third to sixth grade in terms of key competences.]
Extent of Using Fiction Short Stories in Teaching English and their Effect on Primary Stage Students' Communicative Competence
Authors: Al-Sha'r Awatif Abu
Published: December 2017

This paper attempted to trace the effectiveness of teaching fiction short stories on EFL learners' communicative competence in English at the primary stage at school level. More specifically, this study aimed to determine whether teaching fiction stories has any effect on EFL sixth grade learners' communicative competence or not. It also tried to investigate if language productive skills (speaking and writing) are improved due to discussing the elements of fiction stories orally or in writing. Furthermore, the study tended to identify which elements of fiction stories (character, setting, plot, conflict or theme) the learners focused on more in their communicative sessions as a result of reading fiction stories. The sample of the study consisted of 54 EFL learners at a private school in the primary stage who were already divided into two sections A and B (27 learners in each); and were assigned as control (A) and experimental (B) groups. A pre-post test was administered for both groups to test their communicative competency of oral and written skills. The findings revealed that using discussion sessions and activities about fiction stories has a positive impact on the learners' communicative competence. Participants who attended the communicative sessions performed better on certain elements of fiction stories than those in the control group. It was recommended that teaching fiction stories should be included in the curriculum for all stages at schools.
Some Notes on Atomicity and Distributivity in Japanese
Authors: Yokota Kenji
Published: December 2017

We re-examine the semantic relation between atomicity and distributivity, which are considered relevant to the floating numeral quantifier construction (FNQ) in Japanese. It is shown that FNQ interpretation, distributive or non-distributive, may be to a large extent determined by pragmatic factors (including intonation) and real world knowledge shared by the speaker and hearer, rather than syntactic factors alone. This paper attempts the following three things: (i) it claims that there is a particular FNQ construction in Japanese, which is “NP-related” (unlike the normal FNQ construction which gives rise to a distributive reading, which is “VP-related”). (ii) It claims that this particular construction gives rise to a special focus reading. (iii) It offers a semantic/pragmatic account of this non-distributive reading.
Regions of Ukraine: International and Retail Trade in 2016
Authors: Kostenko Elena , Kostenko Vitaly , Kuznichenko Volodymyr , Lapshyn Volodymyr
Published: December 2017

International trade in Ukraine’s regions during 2016 is analyzed. The taxonomy method is used to carry out a multidimensional analysis of the state of trade in all regions, with the goal of determining their attractiveness with respect to investment and international cooperation. Key indicators were chosen to be: export and import of services, export and import of goods, balance of the trade of services, balance of the trade of goods, and retail trade. Using the standardized matrix of statistical values, provided by Ukraine’s national statistics agency, the level of development of each region was determined, as well as its rating. A comparison of this year’s ratings with those of the previous two years is carried out. Based on the calculated inter-regional distance matrix, calculated in the context of the seven chosen parameters, nonlinear structures of regional connections are constructed. Using them, clusters of regions can be constructed that take into account trade dynamics and other economic activity. The constructed linear and nonlinear connection structure of Ukraine’s regions can become the basis of fruitful cooperation in the area of trade. They can also be used when carrying out mutual investment projects and when regulating the exchange of goods between Ukraine’s regions. The determination of the regions’ ratings and the nonlinear structures of their trade relations can provide valuable information to investors both foreign and domestic.
Translationscapes: On the Legibility of Transnational Ideologies in World Literary Systems
Authors: Smith Jordan A. Y.
Published: December 2017

Critiques of world literature studies have highlighted power inequalities which privilege or restrict international prominence of literary texts and figures; this article suggests a specific method for gauging and mapping that process: translationscapes. Translation provides visibility to texts that otherwise remain functionally invisible, and the concept of translationscapes designates the sum total of texts of a given literary set made visible in a foreign language. These sets may be nation-based or organized through other criteria (authorial demographics, genre, time periods, etc.). These literary sets vary between languages due to a variety of factors. Analyzing their evolution and the patterns of divergence between them renders visible transcultural ideologies of world literature. To execute this, research must incorporate specific analyses of authors' oeuvres and individual texts, tracing patterns of their “appearance” in various languages. Concluding that ideologies based on Euro-American valuations of aesthetics and politics remain dominant in determining world literary production, this article argues for further research into translationscapes as a way of combining close reading of texts within larger contexts of systems-level research.
Making something out of nothing: Dissipating Legacy and the Legacy of Dissipating in “Babylon Revisited”
Authors: Gay Marie-Agnès
Published: December 2017

“Babylon Revisited” (1931) embodies a paradox in the Fitzgerald canon. On the one hand, it first appeared in the publication (The Saturday Evening Post) that its author believed wasted his talent by forcing him to write for cash instead of the aesthetic accomplishment attainable in the novel. But the story is also widely considered one of his greatest achievements, a complex exploration of the dissipating moral values of the 1920s that at once critiques the era's profligacy while reminiscing nostalgically over irresponsibility from the austere perspective of the Great Depression. This article examines the depiction of dissipation through a thorough stylistic analysis to provide formal evidence of the story's literary worth. Specifically, it argues that the story's dramatic tension rises from two interrelated conflicts between dissipation and legacy. The aesthetic staging of these conflicts parallels Fitzgerald's own metatextual struggle to resolve his feelings of having too long squandered his literary talent with commercial short fiction, effectively reversing the plot's insistence that one cannot recover from dissolution. The article demonstrates that “Babylon Revisited” aesthetically represents Fitzgerald's capacity to “make something out of nothing” by turning the thin air of dissipation and disillusion into economical yet valuable prose.
Theban Autochthony and Athenian Ideology in thePhoenissaeof Euripides
Authors: Nimis Stephen
Published: December 2017

Recent scenes of Syrian refugees arriving in Europe and the nationalist reflections they have engendered recall the discourses of foreign and native in antiquity, a theme addressed frequently in Attic tragedy. Euripides' Phoenician Maidens is a meditation on the theme of autochthony, a key ideological and mythological nexus of ideas about identity and community. The ideal of a homogeneous community symbolized by Athenians' autochthonous heritage fits uncomfortably with another Athenian ideal: hospitality and openness to strangers. The Phoenician Maidens of Euripides reflects on the theme of sameness and otherness, foreign and native, using the resources of theater to articulate a utopian resolution of these conflicting desires.
People Before Print: Gens de Lettres, the Ottoman Printing Press, and the Search for Turkish Literature
Authors: Haddad Jonathan
Published: December 2017

The advent of print at the Ottoman court in 1727 was greeted in France as the triumph of learning over Islamic ignorance. These initial reactions have shaped modern narratives about the Ottoman printing press, which center on the role of its founder, Müteferrika, a Hungarian convert to Islam. This article contextualizes these accounts by turning the focus to one of Müteferrika's French interlocutors, Peyssonnel. This latter's efforts to define Turkish literature demonstrate that the Republic of Letters subsumed the divisive question of print to that of the broader category of literature, which favored cultural continuities stemming from interpersonal relations.
Hallmarks for early recognition of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Molina-Lopez Victor , Gonzalez-Bravo Diego , Watts-Oquendo Erika , Cruz-Cruz Jorge
Published: December 2017

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (Anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an under-recognized progressive neurological disorder caused by antibodies against the GluN1 (NR1) subunit of NMDA receptors in the brain. It is characterized by the subacute development of neuropsychiatric symptoms, movement disorders and seizures, often evolving into a severe and disabling encephalopathy with detrimental consequences over the functionality of affected individuals. The variable clinical presentation and infrequency with which it is clinically encountered presents a formidable diagnostic challenge in primary care. Initial misdiagnosis as psychiatric disease or infectious encephalitis significantly delays diagnosis and treatment of this medical condition. We present the case of a 34-year-old male who was evaluated after being transferred from a psychiatric institution due to worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms and seizures. Symptoms were preceded by new onset headaches, followed by behavioral changes, movement disorders, and a myriad of symptoms that pointed towards a psychiatric disorder. The non-specific nature of the presenting signs and symptoms of this patient led to initial misdiagnosis and delay of treatment. Thus, recognizing key elements of the patient’s clinical presentation and progression are of paramount importance. Our aim is to highlight key clinical and diagnostic findings that could help clinicians consider anti-NMDAR encephalitis in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting similarly as our patient did, as well as to present a review of literature of this unique neurological condition.
What Discourses Relating to the Purpose of Early Childhood Are Shaping the Work of Early Childhood Practitioners in Three Different Contexts: UK, Bhutan and Fiji?
Authors: Sims Margaret , Alexander Elise , Pedey Karma , Tausere-Tiko Lavinia
Published: December 2017

We explore the way dominant political discourses are perceived to influence developing professionalisation of early childhood in three contexts. The UK is strongly influenced by the neoliberal agenda which positions managerialism, bureaucracy, accountability and control as necessary to drive quality improvement. Bhutan has been exposed to western ideologies for a short time (as time counts in human history) and is attempting to manage tensions between western ideologies and the philosophy underpinning Gross National Happiness. Fiji has a history of colonisation. With a growing commitment across Pacific nations to postcolonialism, Fiji professionals are struggling to manage the intersection between their neoliberal western history and their own postcolonial ambitions. We argue a better understanding of the ways in which dominant ideologies impact on the development of early childhood professionalisation will uncover unintended, taken-for-granted assumptions and illuminate potential risks, thus better positioning readers to make informed choices about their work and the development of their profession.
Comments on the identification of Ammonites planula Hehl in Zieten, 1830 (Upper Jurassic, SW Germany)
Authors: Schweigert Günter , Kuschel Horst
Published: December 2017

Ammonites planula Hehl in Zieten, 1830 is the type species of the Late Jurassic ammonite genus Subnebrodites Spath, 1925 and the index species of the well-established Planula Zone of the Submediterranean Province. Recently, Enay and Howarth (2017) classified this stratigraphically important ammonite species as a ʻnomen dubiumʼ and considered it to be the possible macroconch counterpart of Idoceras balderum (Oppel, 1863). These authors claimed “Subnebrodites planula Spath, 1925” instead of Ammonites planula (Hehl in Zieten, 1830) to be the type species of Subnebrodites. However, their nomenclatorial acts are based on erroneous assumptions. For future taxonomic stability we here propose a neotype for Ammonites planula (Hehl in Zieten, 1830) and a lectotype for Ammonites planula gigas Quenstedt, 1888. In addition, dimorphism within the stratigraphically much younger Idoceras balderum (Oppel) is demonstrated showing that there is no morphological resemblance and no closer relationship with Ammonites planula (Hehl in Zieten, 1830).
THE USE OF PETRI NETS IN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS BASED ON INTELLIGENT MULTIPLY SOURCE DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz , Kłosowski Grzegorz , Cieplak Tomasz
Published: December 2017

The paper deals with the design of data analysis systems for business process automation. A general scheme of decision support system was developed in which one of the modules is based on Petri Nets. The way of implementation of Petri Net model in optimization problem regarding service-oriented decision support system was shown. The Petri Net model of distribution workflow was presented and simulation experiments was completed. As a result the optimal solution as a set of parameters was emerged.
A REVIEW OF CONTROL METHODS OF WIND TURBINE SYSTEMS WITH PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
Authors: Gajewski Piotr
Published: December 2017

The paper presents a review of control methods of the wind energy conversion systems with permanent magnet synchronous generator. The modern vector control methods for converter system of variable-speed wind energy conversion have been described. In order to improve the energy efficiency of wind turbine, the maximum power point tracking algorithm has been applied. To verify the effectiveness of the considered configuration and its control strategy, the selected simulation studies have been performed. The obtained study results showed the high effectiveness of the considered configuration and its control methods.
APROKSYMACJA WŁAŚCIWOŚCI ELEKTRYCZNYCH PERIODYCZNYCH MATERIAŁÓW ZŁOŻONYCH
Authors: Steckiewicz Adam , Butryło Bogusław
Published: December 2017

W artykule przedstawiono przybliżony, zastępczy model elektryczny materiału warstwowego z warstwą powtarzalnych elementów przewodzących. Właściwości periodycznych elementów materiału, kształtowane są poprzez modyfikację ich geometrii. Zaproponowano i zweryfikowano konstrukcję modelu SISO, w którym dobrano postać funkcji aproksymujących właściwości elektryczne. Przedstawiono algorytm aproksymacji wielomianowej w odniesieniu do przykładowej struktury elementu oraz zaproponowano i scharakteryzowano parametry skupionego modelu elektrycznego.
QUASI-REZONANSOWY PRZEKSZTAŁTNIK PODWYŻSZAJĄCY NAPIĘCIE DO ZASTOSOWAŃ W FOTOWOLTAICE
Authors: Harasimczuk Michał
Published: December 2017

W artykule został zaprezentowany quasi-rezonansowy przekształtnik podwyższający napięcie przeznaczony do obsługi paneli fotowoltaicznych. Przekształtnik jest zasilany prądowo, co umożliwia realizację algorytmu MPPT. Wykorzystanie obwodu rezonansowego pozwala na przełączanie tranzystorów przekształtnika przy zerowym prądzie. Została opisana praca przekształtnika w układzie z tranzystorami przełączanymi ze stałą i ze zmienną częstotliwością. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań symulacyjnych przeprowadzone za pomocą programu PSpice oraz porównano sprawność układów przy różnych mocach wyjściowych. W przekształtniku z tranzystorami przełączanym ze stałą częstotliwością wykorzystanie dodatkowego tranzystora załączającego pojemność rezonansową umożliwiło uzyskanie lepszej sprawności dla niewielkich mocy wejściowych niż w przekształtniku z tranzystorem przełączanym ze zmienną częstotliwością.
ANALIZA WPŁYWU GĘSTOŚCI SIATKI NUMERYCZNEJ NA WYNIKI SYMULACJI ŚCIEŻKI WIROWEJ VON KARMANA
Authors: Czapla Beata , Rząsa Mariusz
Published: December 2017

Praca zawiera badania numeryczne polegające na symulacji ścieżki wirowej von Karmana. Znajomość ścieżki wirowej stanowi istotne zagadnienie w projektowaniu przepływomierzy typu vortex. Jednym z istotnych elementów w symulacji numerycznej jest odpowiednia siatka obliczeniowa. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki numerycznej analizy wpływu gęstości siatki na wyniki symulacji. W obliczeniach numerycznych duży wpływ na poprawność wyników ma właściwe przygotowanie modelu do obliczeń pod względem doboru gęstości siatki. Wykazano, że gęstość siatki wpływa na jakość otrzymanych wyników. Jednak istnieje optymalna liczba elementów siatki, dla której dalsze zwiększanie jej elementów nie poprawia znacząco wyników symulacji. W pracy przedstawiono optymalne wartości liczbowe dla przykładowego generatora wirów.
Przestrzenność emocji a pojęcie obrazu. Przymiarki socjologiczne
Authors: Dowgiałło Bogna
Published: December 2017

The cause to write an article was a question how to examine emotions which are of spatial nature. While the colloquial language copes with “spatiality” of feelings – it knows emotions and calls them (mood, atmosphere, climate, colour) – sociology has not developed a category enabling a systematic analysis of this phenomenon so far. In the theory of arts, the situation is different. The leading subject of the text is reflection on possibility of combining the theory of art and sociology of emotions. The proposed link is to be the concept of image treated as “sensitizing concept” (Herbert Blumer). In the article, I refer to the concepts having their roots in philosophy, social psychology and sociology of emotions which touch upon the issue of spatiality of emotions and compare them to the concepts related to the theory of image.
Comparison selected properties of surface
layer of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy after
injection casting with and without suction
Authors: Szota M.
Published: December 2017

Purpose: The paper presents the comparison of selected properties of surface layer
between samples produced from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy by using injection casting with two
options: injection with suction, injection without suction.
Design/methodology/approach: Produced elements have been made of Ti6Al4V
titanium alloy. The aim of the study was to compare selected properties of the surface layer
of produced elements. The paper compares microstructure, microhardness and surface
geometry after injection casting with and without suction. Additionally, all mentioned studies
were carried out for input material.
Findings: Research has shown that the use of innovative injection methods with and without
suction for production of elements from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy affects on their structure
and thus examined properties. It was observed that the elements produced by injection
casting method have higher hardness values and lower development of surface,where
sample produced by injection casting with suction has higher value of hardness and lower
development of surface than sample produced by injection casting without suction. During
the observation, a sample with suction has higher amount of a phase in cross-section
surface layer than a sample without suction what can be caused because of the higher
speed of heat transfer from produced element to the internal surface of the copper mould.
Research limitations/implications: There can be a problem to make final elements with
a more developed surface.
Practical implications: Injection casting with suction can be used to produce small
elements with different geometry from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy.
Originality/value: The paper presents the possibility to improve selected properties of
element surface produced by injection casting with suction and without suction.