bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newly Credentialed Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Their Transition to Practice
Authors: Thrasher Ashley B. , Walker Stacy E.
Published: November 2019

Context

Newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) have reported stress and role ambiguity during the transition to practice. Previous researchers focused on their qualitative experiences, yet no investigators have explored how characteristics such as the setting or type of educational program affect the transition to practice.

Objective

To determine how newly credentialed ATs perceived their transition to practice.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants

Of 1835 newly credentialed ATs (18%) certified and employed between January and September, 332 completed the survey within 3 months of employment (129 men, 203 women; age = 23.58 ± 2.54 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The survey consisted of demographic information (eg, employment setting, job title) and 3 sections: (1) comfort level during the transition (CL), (2) feelings of mentorship and support (MS), and (3) feelings of organizational transition. Participants identified their feelings of nervousness, support, and understanding organizational values using a Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree). Descriptive statistics were calculated for each survey item. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis (H) tests were used to determine associations between different demographic characteristics and responses regarding orientation and CL, MS, and feelings of organizational transition.

Results

Most participants agreed or strongly agreed that they felt nervous (n = 264, 79.2%) and that the transition was stressful (n = 227, 68.1%) but they felt prepared for their job (n = 262, 78.7%). No differences in CL were present among settings (H = 5.64, P = .228), job titles (H = 4.88, P = .087), or types of professional program (U = 6488, P = .279). Respondents who were assigned a mentor reported better perceptions of MS (U = 6250, P < .001). Most participants felt that supervisors adequately explained administrative procedures during orientation (n = 169, 54.3%) and felt they were adequately oriented to organizational values (n = 252, 75.7%).

Conclusions

New ATs felt nervous when entering their new role, but having a mentor and receiving a detailed orientation helped alleviate stress during the transition to practice.
The Unmet Need: Low Performance of Laboratory Professionals in Malaria Microscopy, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Challi Sagni , Miecha Hirpa , Damtie Demekech , Shumie Girma , Chali Wakweya , Hailu Tsegaye , Balcha Taye Tolera , Tadesse Fitsum G. , Gadisa Endalamaw
Published: November 2019

Ethiopia aims to diagnose and treat all clinical malaria within 24 hours of fever onset in its stride to eliminate the disease by 2030. Microscopy remains to be the mainstay for diagnosis at the health center and hospital level. Continuous evaluation and performance upgrading of malaria microscopists is one of the cornerstones in this effort. We assessed the performance of malaria microscopists compared with reference readers in diagnosing, identifying the species, and quantifying parasitemia. A total of 174 microscopists were enrolled from health facilities located in 86 districts in Oromia region (Ethiopia) from January 2017 to June 2018. Panel slides with known Plasmodium species, diagnostic blood stage, and parasite density were prepared by the reference readers. Sociodemographics, education, in-service training, and routine practice of participants were captured. Sensitivity, specificity, percent agreement, and kappa score were calculated. An overall low performance was observed that could threaten the malaria diagnostic service. Of all the slides distributed (1,218), only 17.0% of the positive and 30.0% of the negative slides were correctly identified and 22.4% were correctly quantified. Compared with the reference readers, participants had lower competence in diagnosing (74.3% agreement and kappa 0.45) and identifying the species (71.2% agreement and kappa 0.40). Two-fifths of the participants were graded as “in training” with respect to identifying the species (41.0%) and the diagnostic stages (40.0%). An in-service training/retraining and supportive supervision are needed to raise and maintain the competence of microscopists in settings with a recent decline in malaria transmission and aiming for ultimate elimination of the disease.
The Effect of Brand Awareness and Quality Perception of Customer Satisfaction through Purchasing Decisions Honda and Yamaha Motors (Case study of Maros Muslim University Students)
Authors: Nasyrah Hanafi Muh. Alam , Kamase Jeni , Djamereng Asdar , Serang Serling
Published: November 2019

This research was conducted with the aim to: (1) test and analyze the effect of brand awareness on consumer satisfaction through purchasing decisions; (2) test and analyze the effect of perceived quality on consumer satisfaction through purchasing decisions. The population of this study was all of Management Bachelor degree students of the Faculty of Economics, Maros Muslim University using 239 Honda and Yamaha motorcycles consumer. The number of samples in this study were 150 people using the Slovin formula with a confidence level of 95% with a value of e = 5%, the distribution of samples was based on Honda and Yamaha consumer, namely samples for Honda users were 72 people and Yamaha users were 78 people using the Stratified Random formula Sampling, the survey was conducted from November to April 2019. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) program. The results of this study indicate that: (1) brand awareness cannot directly affect customer satisfaction. This is because respondents stated that brand awareness does not guarantee consumers will be satisfied only by knowing and remembering Honda and Yamaha motorcycle brands. (2) Perceived quality has a significant effect on purchasing decisions. This shows that the higher the consumer's perception of product quality, the higher the consumer's purchasing decisions, and vice versa. Therefore, respondents stated that the perception of quality really guarantees consumers will be satisfied just by seeing and remembering the model of the motor
Effectiveness of Enterprise Risk Management Practices: A Case Study
Authors: Zainol Abidin Hafizah , Abdul Rasid Siti Zaleha , Khalid Haliyana , Basiruddin Rohaida , Baskaran Shathees
Published: November 2019

Enterprise risk management (ERM) is used to manage, integrate and aggregate all types of risks encountered by the concerned organisation. Despite having established framework and guidelines, the implementation of ERM at divisional level seemed to be lacking. There are gaps in the actual risk management practices that need to be studied and narrowed to ensure a more effective implementation of risk management. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify characteristics of effective risk management practices and to gauge the effectiveness level at a telecommunication company. The gaps between the actual practices and the expected practices based on twenty-four (24) identified characteristics are identified and compared upon before recommendations are made to close the gaps and further enhance the risk management practices. For the purpose of this research the self-administered, web-based questionnaires were distributed to a total number of 130 engineers who were actively involved with network infrastructure planning, development and maintenance. The feedbacks received indicated that the respondents agreed with the identified characteristics of effective risk management practices and generally agreed that the effectiveness level of current risk management practices in the company is moderate or average. Furthermore, the gap analysis based on the variances indicates that there are rooms for further improvement. The study is important for more effective risk management practices in telecommunication companies.
Peasant Strategies in the Cotton Regions of Cameroon: Lessons From the Lam Cotton Zone
Authors: DAKA Anatole , WANG Yijie , HU Liang
Published: November 2019

Faced with increasingly drastic conditions, Lam cotton farmers are using indigenous knowledge to develop alternative strategies. The objective of this paper is to analyze the supervision issue of cotton farmers in north Cameroon. Ethno methodology and strategic analysis are the theories used to explain the practical knowledge and strategies employed by the cotton farmers. Based on the collected results, it’s noticed that the training is imposed by the SODECOTON (cotton development society) with the aim of maintaining its domination over cotton farmers, thereby conveying capitalistic logic and impoverishing peasants. The failure of the above-mentioned training technique has led to new emerging strategies conceived and implemented by the peasants.
FAMÍLIA LAMIACEAE E A SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO DIABETES MELITUS: BREVE REVISÃO
Authors: Urban Amanda Migliorini , Swiech Juliane Nadal Dias , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi
Published: November 2019

Estudos indicaram que as Lamiaceae possuem uma grande variedade de classes químicas que estão envolvidas na redução do nível de glicose no sangue. Grande número de espécies de plantas tem sido usado experimentalmente para tratar os sintomas do diabetes melito e a distância filogenética entre este grupo de plantas é forte indicação da natureza variada de seus constituintes. Tem sido constatado que muitas substâncias extraídas de plantas reduzem o nível de glicose no sangue. Sua grande diversidade de classes químicas indica que uma variedade de mecanismos de ação deve estar envolvida na redução do nível de glicose no sangue. Algumas destas substâncias podem ter potencial terapêutico enquanto outras podem produzir hipoglicemia como um efeito colateral devido à sua toxicidade, especialmente hepatotoxidade.
A política de incentivos fiscais em Santa Catarina: lobby político, poder econômico e desigualdades regionais
Authors: Goularti Juliano Giassi
Published: November 2019

Este artigo trata de analisar a política de incentivos fiscais do Imposto sobre Operações Relativas à Circulação de Mercadorias e sobre Prestações de Serviços de Transporte Interestadual, Intermunicipal e de Comunicação (ICMS) em Santa Catarina. Para isso, escapa da narrativa do pensamento comum de que a renúncia do imposto estadual é condição sine qua non para a formalização do mercado de trabalho. Nessa linha de entendimento, o artigo se propõe a constituir uma categoria analítica para definir e analisar a contradição da política de incentivos fiscais do ICMS. Ao mesmo tempo, busca problematizar a relação da isenção do imposto com a política de desenvolvimento regional. Com isso, almeja contribuir para as análises e estudos da política de incentivos fiscais em Santa Catarina, haja vista a existência de poucos trabalhos publicados sobre o tema, quanto mais sob uma perspectiva crítica social.
Ninety-day Postoperative Narcotic Use After Hospitalization for Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Fisher Nina , Hooper Jessica , Bess Shay , Konda Sanjit , Leucht Philipp , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: November 2019

Background:

The purpose of this study was to compare narcotic use in the 90-day postoperative period across orthopaedic trauma, spine, and adult reconstruction patients and examine whether patient-reported pain scores at discharge correlate with narcotic use during the 90-day postoperative period.

Methods:

Electronic medical record query was done between 2012 and 2015 using diagnosis-related groups for spine, adult reconstruction, and trauma procedures. Demographics, length of stay (LOS), visual analog scale pain scores during hospitalization, and narcotics prescribed in the 90-day postoperative period were collected. Multivariate analysis and linear regression were done.

Results:

Five thousand thirty patients were analyzed. Spine patients had the longest LOS, highest mean pain during LOS, and were prescribed the most morphine in the 90-day postoperative period. Linear regression revealed that pain scores at discharge markedly influence the quantity of narcotics prescribed in the 90-day postoperative period.

Discussion:

Patient-reported pain at hospital discharge was associated with increased narcotic use in the 90-day postoperative period.
Mono-Dispersed Pt/MWNTs: Growing Directly on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) Using NaBH4 as Reducing Agent for Component of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman , Adi Wisnu Ari , Budianto Emil , K. Deni Shidqi , Yudianti Rike
Published: November 2019

Synthesis of mono-dispersed Pt/MWCNTs has been performed. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were grown directly on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through sol-gel method using NaBH4 as reducing agent.       120 mg of activated MWCNT were weighed and then incorporated into the mixture (1) and sonicated for 2 hours to form the mixture (2). H2PtCl6 was weighed as much as 90 mg and dissolved into 45 mL of ethylene glycol until formed mixture (3). Solution (3) was dropwise every 3 seconds into the mixture (2). After that the mixture was distilled for 12 hours at a rate of 450 rpm. Subsequently the mixture was sonicated for 3 hours, then checked its pH, adjusting the desired pH to 4, 7, or 13 using the mixture 2M NaOH-ethylene glycol. The tests include SEM, EDS, XRD, and TEM for the morphologies and microstructures of the mono-dispersed Pt/MWCNT. The result of SEM observation and the analysis of the element using EDS found that the composite sample looked homogenous and contained element of C (MWCNT) and Pt (platinum). From the XRD shows that the composite Pt/MWCNT of the product synthesized without the reducing agent consists of three phases, namely C (MWCNTs), Pt (platinum), and H2PtH4, while the product synthesized using NaBH4 reducing agent consist of two phases, namely C (MWCNTs) and Pt (platinum ). The TEM image shows that the Pt NPs are spherical in size ~ 5 nm. Pt NPs appear to be attached on MWCNTs, either agglomerated or dispersed on the surface of MWCNTs. This paper will be compared between Pt/MWCNTs synthesis results with and without using NaBH4 reducing agent, as well as dispersed Pt NPs on MWCNTs.
Relationship between smoking and spontaneously healed pulmonary TB on chest radiography in a South Korean population
Authors: Kim H. Y. , Lee S. H. , Chung K. S. , Kim S. Y. , Kim E. Y. , Jung J. Y. , Park M. S. , Kim Y. S. , Chang J. , Kang Y. A.
Published: November 2019

SETTING: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a national, population-based, cross-sectional surveillance programme.OBJECTIVE: 1) To investigate the prevalence of spontaneously healed pulmonary tuberculosis (SHPTB) on chest radiographs (CXRs)
in South Korea, as well as its demographic and clinical associations, and 2) to determine the relationship between SHPTB and smoking.DESIGN: People with normal findings on CXRs (n = 24 190) and those with SHPTB (n = 1863) were compared in univariate, bivariate
and multivariate analyses with respect to smoking and demographic and clinical factors.RESULTS: The prevalence of SHPTB was 7.2%. The proportion of patients with SHPTB tended to be higher in males, people of older age, ever smokers, as well as people with low body mass index and
low education level. In bivariate analysis, after adjustments for age and sex, SHPTB was found more often among ex-smokers (P = 0.005) and current smokers (P = 0.024) than in non-smokers. Multivariate analyses revealed increased relative odds for SHPTB with increased age (P
< 0.001), male sex (P < 0.001) and ex-smoker status (P = 0.016). Passive smoking was also significantly associated with SHPTB (P = 0.022).CONCLUSION: In addition to increasing the risk of active TB and negatively affecting the outcome of TB treatment,
smoking is also associated with SHPTB, as detected on CXRs.
Respiratory health among office workers in Malaysia and endotoxin and (1,3)-β-glucan in office dust
Authors: Lim F. L. , Hashim Z. , Than L. T. L. , Md Said S. , Hashim J. H. , Norbäck D.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between endotoxin and (1,3)-β-glucan concentrations in office dust and respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation among 695 office workers in Malaysia.METHODS: Health data were collected using a questionnaire, sensitisation
testing and measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Indoor temperature, relative air humidity (RH) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured in the offices and settled dust was vacuumed and analysed for endotoxin and (1,3)-β-glucan concentrations. Associations were
analysed by two level multiple logistic regression.RESULTS: Overall, 9.6% of the workers had doctor-diagnosed asthma, 15.5% had wheeze, 18.4% had daytime attacks of breathlessness and 25.8% had elevated FeNO (≥25 ppb). The median levels in office dust were 11.3 EU/mg endotoxin
and 62.9 ng/g (1,3)-β-glucan. After adjusting for personal and home environment factors, endotoxin concentration in dust was associated with wheeze (P = 0.02) and rhinoconjunctivitis (P = 0.007). The amount of surface dust (P = 0.04) and (1,3)-β-glucan concentration
dust (P = 0.03) were associated with elevated FeNO.CONCLUSION: Endotoxin in office dust could be a risk factor for wheeze and rhinoconjunctivitis among office workers in mechanically ventilated offices in a tropical country. The amount of dust and (1,3)-β-glucan (a marker
of indoor mould exposure) were associated with Th2 driven airway inflammation.
Przemiany mitu żołnierza Niepodległej
Authors: Buryła Sławomir
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses the evolution of the Polish military ethic in the time frame from the restoration of independence to 1989. In the conclusions, the author briefly outlines the changes in the image of soldiers after the collapse of communism in the country. The deliberations are conducted mainly with reference to the Polish prose of the 20th century and, to a smaller extent, Polish films.
Gotowość integracyjna a aprobata społeczna uczniów liceum w kontekście wybranych zmiennych demograficznych
Authors: Kazanowski Zdzisław , Gindrich Piotr Alfred
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the study is to identify the correlations between the high school students’ readiness for inclusion and their social desirability with respect to such demographic variables as: gender, place of residence and age. The research attempts to answer one major question: Is the students’ readiness for inclusion linked to social desirability? A Polish sample of 200 high school students aged between 16 and 18 (115 females and 85 males) participated in the study. The need for approval was assessed with Social Desirability Questionnaire (KAS) by R.Ł. Drwal and J. Wilczyńska. The readiness for inclusion was measured with Readiness for Inclusion Scale by Z. Kazanowski. The research findings reveal that the students’ social desirability is positively correlated with their readiness for inclusion. The associations of this type have also been found in the groups relevant to the demographic variables. It is evident that particularly age and place of residence may have an effect on the strength of the correlations between social desirability and readiness for inclusion in the sample of youth attending high school.
Inkluzyjna edukacja ustawiczna w procesie reintegracji społecznej osób bezdomnych
Authors: Kowalska Agnieszka
Published: November 2019

This article is a reflection on the role of inclusive education in counteracting social inequalities and the presentation of a section of qualitative research conducted among homeless people who participated in active inclusion projects. The concept of inclusive lifelong learning indicates the need to create optimal conditions for lifelong education for every person. It is a key condition for improving individual quality of life and a tool for making individual success. The article refers to a fragment of narrative biographical research conducted among the homeless. Qualitative research is about subjective reality, revealing the unique aspects of active inclusion.
Doświadczenia nauczycieli szkół przyszpitalnych w paradygmacie inkluzji ucznia ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi
Authors: Antoszewska Beata , Moszyńska Małgorzata
Published: November 2019

The inclusion of students with special needs into the education process offered by public schools invites research concerning the transitional space created by hospital schools dedicated for chronically ill or disabled children. The interpretive paradigm was employed for the framework of the study, this choice being motivated by a wish to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of inclusion. The study aimed at getting acquainted with and describing the work of teachers in hospital schools from the perspective of the inclusion of students with special needs. Hence, the study focused on the work carried out by teachers in hospital schools. The collected information related to the interviewed teachers’ experiences facilitated the identification of common areas that are described in detail in this paper, along with the teachers’ narrations. Conclusions based on the conducted study demonstrate how hospital school teachers implement the notion of inclusion of students with special needs and what their experiences are as far as the inclusion process is concerned.
Graft of allogeneic knee extensor mechanism
in treatment of giant cell tumor of the patella
Authors: Dragan Szymon Ł. , Kulej Mirosław , Mucha Łukasz , Morasiewicz Piotr , Urbański Wiktor , Dragan Barbara , Wolańczyk Michał , Dragan Szymon F.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Cancer of the patella is a rare condition. Giant cell tumor of the patella is an extremely rare and a difficult to solve therapeutic problem. Depending on the degree of bone destruction, it may cause significant knee joint dysfunction. It is assumed that surgery is the treatment of choice.
Material/Methods: This study presents an innovative treatment of a giant cell tumor of the patella in a 40-year-old male with significant dysfunction of the knee extensor mechanism. Complex therapy included neoadjuvant treatment using a human monoclonal antibody IgG2 that binds to RANKL (Denosumab) and follow-up allogeneic grafting of knee extension mechanism.
Results: Follow-up CTs showed correct positioning and healing of grafted knee extensor mechanism. Early functional outcome was perfect. Seven weeks after the surgery, reduction of pain, improvement of the contour of the joint, full active extension and flexion of 110° were noticed. Fifteen months after the surgery, the patient presented complete active extension and flexion of the knee joint, actively participated in professional life and CT tests did not reveal features of tumor recurrence.
Conclusions: Treatment of isolated giant cell tumor of the patella with destruction of patella and joint dysfunction does not have a clear solution in the available literature. Such a condition may also exclude traditional procedures. In such cases, grafting of the whole extensor mechanism appears to be the appropriate treatment.
En los pliegues de la historia: Cooperación Sur-Sur y procesos de integración en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Domínguez Martín Rafael
Published: November 2019

En lo que va de siglo XXI, la Cooperación Sur-Sur (CSS) y los procesos de integración en América Latina y el Caribe parecen reproducir de manera comprimida los vaivenes de su historia durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX: en esas cinco décadas, se pasó del “despertar del Sur” (AMIN, 2010, p. 119) basado en la cooperación económica para la autodeterminación colectiva –tal y como reflejan la Declaración y el Programa de Acción del Nuevo Orden Económico Internacional (NOEI) y la Carta de Derechos y Deberes de los Estados (1974)– de la “era de Bandung” (AMIN, 2014, p. 63), a la domesticación de la CSS como cooperación técnica entre países en desarrollo (CTPD) a partir del Plan de Acción de Buenos Aires (1978), que consolidó la visión reduccionista de la CSS y complementaria de la cooperación Norte-Sur, después de la pesadilla de la crisis de la deuda y la demolición de la institucionalidad de la que habían logrado dotarse los países del Sur  a través de la Conferencia de Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (1964).
Realidades y desafíos contemporáneos de la Cooperación Sur-Sur en América Latina
Authors: Lo Brutto Giuseppe , González-Gutiérrez Cruz Humberto
Published: November 2019

El presente artículo plantea la necesidad de identificar el actual papel de la Cooperación Sur-Sur en América Latina, así como sus limitaciones y potencialidades. Esto debido a que los últimos años este tipo de cooperación se ha visto caracterizada por un creciente isomorfismo conceptual que ha difuminado el espíritu solidario que marcó su auge en los primeros años de este milenio, convirtiéndole en un instrumento de posicionamiento de nuevos protagonismos y/o reposicionamiento de donantes tradicionales, llevándole a reproducir dinámicas del paradigma de la cooperación tradicional y minimizando su capacidad de construir las condiciones para un desarrollo alternativo. Circunstancias que llevan a la necesidad imperante de replantear el rol de esta forma de cooperación a nivel regional en un contexto de reconfiguración hegemónica regional y mundial.
Impacts of Chinese economy and its global geopolitics: after the slowdown
Authors: Costa Lima Marcos
Published: November 2019

This work present two main objectives: the first one, in addition to show the new centrality that Asia region represents today for the world economy, discusses the impacts of China's slowdown after 2013 for Asean countries and how the Chinese economy has been restructuring with its back to normal. The second objective indicates the main challenges that China faces today and analyzes whether China's expectations are maintained as a future systemic center in global geopolitics.
SEXUALIDADE E EDUCAÇÃO: AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICANÁLISE PARA A PRÁTICA DOCENTE
Authors: Ferreira Amauri Carlos
Published: November 2019

O artigo discute as contribuições da psicanálise para a prática docente. O caminho utilizado para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi a escuta sensível de professoras que se deparam constantemente com questões referentes à sexualidade. Os locais desta pesquisa foram escolas públicas da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte - MG. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o da psicanálise em diálogo com a educação. Os resultados da pesquisa corroboram o tabu da sexualidade e apontam para a importância de discussões sobre sexualidade com crianças e educadores (as) e apontam para a necessidade de discutir sobre o tema da sexualidade na escola.
ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO: HERMENÊUTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Vieira Karina Augusta Limonta
Published: November 2019

A análise de conteúdo hermenêutica é um mixed methods que alia os princípios da hermenêutica e da análise de conteúdo qualitativa. Esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a sua importância e como foi utilizado na área da educação. Para alcançar o objetivo, esse artigo pretende responder três questões: Em que constitui a análise de conteúdo hermenêutica? Qual a importância desse método para a educação? Como utilizar esse método na educação? Esse artigo tem como base teórica a análise de conteúdo hermenêutica como mixed methods. Para ilustrar esse método, são analisados artigos publicados no Brasil em antropologia da educação, cuja análise apresenta a área da educação conectada com a antropologia e com pesquisas empíricas em escolas. Os resultados mostram que a área da educação é determinada por princípios teóricos, metódicos e formativos da antropologia. A conclusão apresenta a necessidade de um método para a crítica e reflexão da educação..
O papel da Escola para o enfrentamento da Violência Sexual contra crianças nos discursos de professores do Ensino Fundamental em Augusto Corrêa - PA
Authors: Santos Wellen Renata Costa , Santos Raquel Amorim dos , Neves Joana d’Arc de Vasconcelos , Oliveira Marcelo do Vale
Published: November 2019

O presente estudo objetivou analisar os discursos de professores sobre o papel da escola para o enfrentamento da violência sexual contra crianças no Ensino Fundamental no município de Augusto Corrêa-PA, Nordeste do Pará. A metodologia de pesquisa foi pautada na abordagem qualitativa. A técnica de coleta de dados foi o questionário com perguntas semiestruturadas. A amostragem foi constituída por 04 (quatro) professores de uma Escola Municipal de Augusto Corrêa-PA. A análise ocorreu pela organização e tabulação, seguida análise e interpretação dos discursos, com transcrição total ou parcialmente dos discursos mais expressivos. Os discursos dos professores demonstram a compreensão sobre a violência sexual, mas o desconhecimento sobre a Rede de Proteção dos direitos da criança e adolescentes. Neste sentido, eles apresentam em seus argumentos, que o papel da escola limita-se a conscientização, sem apresentar uma ação de protagonista no sentido do atendimento das crianças que já tiveram seus direitos violados. Tais discursos reafirmam a necessidade de formação inicial e continuada que possibilite um conhecimento acerca dos direitos humanos, sobretudo, medidas e ações efetivas para o enfrentamento da violência sexual na escola.
O Papel das Instituições Educativas no Processo de Regeneração Social de Menores Delinquentes na Belém Republicana (1890-1910)
Authors: Corrêa Liliane da Silva França , Pereira Ricardo Augusto Gomes , Macedo Adriana Elisa de Alencar
Published: November 2019

Objetiva-se analisar o papel das Instituições Educativas no processo de regeneração social de menores delinquentes em Belém do Pará no período republicano, a partir dos dados da dissertação “A Infância em Processos Judiciais em Belém do Pará: da criminalidade aos discursos jurídico-assistencialistas para a educação do menor desvalido (1890-1930)”. Descreve a constituição da infância brasileira, a relação da infância paraense com a criminalidade e as práticas educativas de instituições educativas de destaque nesse âmbito, como: o Instituto de Educandos Artífices Paraense e a Companhia de Aprendizes Marinheiros, apresentando o pensamento republicano paraense sobre a proposta educacional oferecida aos menores delinquentes, conforme o código penal de 1890.
O Cotidiano das Águas no Brincar de Crianças Ribeirinhas e Quilombolas do Baixo Tocantins - PA
Authors: Pojo Eliana
Published: November 2019

O artigo aborda o cotidiano das águas em relação aos brincares de crianças ribeirinhas e quilombolas na região tocantina, sendo parte de uma pesquisa, em andamento, que trata das práticas educativas e culturais de povos ribeirinhos-e quilombolas na Amazônia paraense. O percurso investigativo retratou dimensões culturais e ancestrais da realidade social de crianças, logo perpassou compreender suas infâncias, seus saberes; quem são e como vivem esses sujeitos. Para isso, o trabalho se reveste de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, utilizando-se de recursos etnográficos visando captar a prática social delas, tomando-as como sujeitos sociais, produtoras de conhecimento e de uma sociabilidade com seus pares e com adultos. Em consequência, foi possível perceber os processos culturais e educativos a partir do ser criança e do viver a infância em condições concretas em que os brincares e as brincadeiras; socialmente construídas se articulam, na maioria das vezes, por meio do convívio com as águas e, tais sinalizações podem ser úteis para pensar possíveis (re)configurações educacionais em contextos rurais na região do Baixo Tocantins/PA.
A Variation on the Dog and His Bone
Authors: Hadley Douglas
Published: November 2019

Do classical, contemplative philosophies have anything to teach which is relevant to life here and now? In the case of Plotinus, yes. While Platonic metaphysics is most often summarized as dualistic, where one sensible world stands apart from and in tension with an intelligible (or mystical) world, in the case of Plotinus this interpretation is incorrect. He does distinguish between sensibles and sense-experience, on one hand, and intelligibles and intelligible experience, on the other; but the two belong together intimately: both are located in the same space, and the sensible is related to the intelligible as a shadow to its object or a reflection to what it reflects. Plotinus’ world is one. Given this picture, one rightly wonders at the status of the Plotinian exhortation for the soul to flee "alone to the Alone." Does not the journey of the soul to its source require a passing beyond of this world to some other? No, Plotinus exhortation should be understood as a reorientation, a reordering within the world here and now, not a rejection of one reality in favor of some other. This can be likened to Aesop’s fable, "The Dog and the Bone," where the dog had the choice between one real and one illusory bone, not two separate bones. Similarly, Plotinus’ world, though it can be perceived dualistically, is ontologically one; hence his metaphysics, far from otherworldly, offers a means of understanding life as it is to be lived here and now.
Artificial Intelligence and Angelology
Authors: Kainz Howard P.
Published: November 2019

Recently, as I have become more computer-literate, I have noticed some interesting parallels between computer mechanisms and Aquinas’ metaphysics of angelic faculties. The present essay expands on some of the analogies which Aquinas himself, though no proponent of AI theory, might have found interesting.
Philosophy as Metaphysics
Authors: Katretchko S. L.
Published: November 2019

Philosophy works with special types of objects: the totalities. The basic characteristics of this type of object are their metaphysical, transcendental, and total character. The character of these objects determines the specificity of language and the methods of philosophy. The language of philosophy represents symbolic language; speculation is the basic method of philosophy. On the one hand, objects of this type emphasis homo sapien as essences capable of constructing such objects, which in turn assumes the ability of human consciousness to make synthetic acts. On the basis of philosophy as metaphysics, an original approach is offered which divides the history of philosophy into periods as well as providing analysis of different philosophical systems.
Extra-Causalism and the Unity of Being
Authors: Loptson Peter
Published: November 2019

This paper identifies a thesis held widely in contemporary empiricist and naturalist metaphysics, viz., causalism — the view that to be is to be part of the causal structure of the world. I argue against this thesis, defending what I call extra-causalism. Claims that entities with no obvious causal role, like unexemplified properties and points of space, are unreal, or, if they are accorded reality, that they must have some discoverable — perhaps merely counter-factual — causal significance, are dogmatic and ad hoc. Another view logically independent of causalism, but often held by its advocates, is what may be called the thesis of ontic levels, the idea that there is a primary or basic sort of being (usually accorded the entities of the natural sciences), and at least one derivative or non-basic kind of being. I argue against this as well, claiming that extra-causalism and the unity of being are compatible with a fully naturalist and empiricist view of the world. Metaphysical causalism appears to involve misunderstanding the actual character and aims of natural science.
Apophatical Metaphysics of a Subject
Authors: Nevvazhay Igor D.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the inevitability of the metaphysics of a subject for the philosophical understanding of a person’s being in the world is established, and the apophatic character of this type of metaphysics is discussed. Analysis of the categories of being and non-being which allow the interpretation of a subject as transcendent and as transcendental being that is characterized by uniformity, spontaneity and irreversibility is also mentioned. The suggested interpretation of a subject discloses both the rational sense of the classical points of view on the absolute, unconditional, timeless and spaceless character of the subject of knowledge, and the compatibility of the notions of the absolute character of a subject and the ontological condition of a human being in society and culture. The main idea of the suggested conception of a subject is the fact that the subject’s being cannot be "housed" into the world, nor can it be characterized as impossible existence for the world. The world can be understood only from the point of view of being impossible (symbolic) existence. The discussion of the problem of identification of a subject shows that the presumption of a subject as one of the existing structures of the world leads to paradoxes and contradictions in the interpretation of the processes taking place in the world. To understand the process of education, it is necessary to bear in mind that it is not only cognitive, but also moral: education is the process of the formation of a subject of knowledge through identification with transcendental symbolic existence, which fact demands making efforts to be on the part of the thinking person.
Does Anything Break Because it is Fragile?
Authors: Raymont Paul
Published: November 2019

I maintain that dispositions are not causally relevant to their manifestations. The paper begins with a negative argument, which is intended to undermine David Lewis’ recent attempt to restore causal potency to dispositions by identifying their instantiations with the instantiations of their causal bases. I conclude that Lewis’ attempt to vindicate the causal credentials of dispositions meets obstacles that are analogous to (though importantly different from) those that beset Donald Davidson’s attempt to accord a causal role to the mental. I then consider an argument recently given by Frank Jackson against the causal relevance of dispositions (to their manifestations). Jackson’s argument relies on a conception of dispositions that is not likely to be shared by those who defend their causal relevance. I sketch an alternative conception of dispositions that links them more closely to their causal bases, but argue that even on this model dispositions are causally impotent. The paper closes with a defense of the claim that dispositions, in spite of their causal irrelevance to their manifestations, are nevertheless causal-explanatorily relevant to them.
The Origin of the Universe and Contemporary Cosmology and Philosophy
Authors: Such Jan
Published: November 2019

Since the 1970s both in physics and cosmology, there has been a controversy on the subject of the ‘beginning of the universe.’ This indicates that this intriguing problem has reached scientific consideration and, perhaps, a solution. The aim of this paper is to try to answer the question as to whether the origin of the world has slipped out of the hands of philosophers (and theologians), and passed in its entirety into the realm of science, and whether science is able to solve this problem by itself. While presenting the main views in this dispute, I try to show also that metaphysics, philosophy of nature and epistemology provide important premises, proposals and methods that are indispensable for a solution. These premises concern such issues as the extremely subtle problem of the sense and existence of ‘nothing,’ the problem of extrapolation of local physics onto the large-scale areas of the universe, the epistemological status of cosmological principles, as well as problems of the origins of the laws of nature. This last issue is entangled in the difficult problem of the ‘rationality of the world’ and the problem of overcoming the dichotomy of laws and preconditions, according to which the conditions and laws are independent of each other.
Philosophical Aspects of Literary Objectiveness
Authors: Kiss Endre
Published: November 2019

Gadamer’s hermeneutic philosophy avoids the problem of literary objectiveness altogether. His approach witnesses the general fact that an indifference towards literary objectiveness in particular, leads to a peculiar neglect of par excellence literariness as such. It seems obvious, however, that the constitutive aspects of the crisis of literary objectiveness cannot be shown to contain the underlying intention of bringing about this situation. At this point, one can identify what could probably be the most important element in a definition of literary objectiveness. In contrast to ‘natural’ objectiveness and objectiveness based on various societal conventions, the legitimacy of a literary work is solely guaranteed by its elements being organized in accordance with the rules of literary objectiveness. Thus when the crisis of literary objectiveness intensifies, literariness will also find itself in a crisis. This crisis detaches new, quasi-literary formations from various definitions of literariness. When literary objectiveness ceases, however, to be understood as a system constituted by various objective formations aiming to correspond in one way or another to the ‘world’, scientific analysis of literary objectiveness will be rendered impossible. The crisis of literary objectiveness thus brings about the crisis of the theory of literature and the philosophy of art. Gadamer explicitly argues that the scientific approach proves to be inadequate in the analysis of artistic experience. This attitude results in the categorical rejection of a scientific orientation (and so in a complete indifference towards literary objectiveness), but he seems to overemphasize an otherwise correct thesis on the non-reflexive character of artistic experience. It is the anti-mimetic and Platonic character of Gadamer’s aesthetic hermeneutics that determines the status of literary (artistic) objectiveness in his system of thought. What is of crucial importance, however, is to point out that this aesthetics entails a fundamental reduction of the significance of literary objectiveness. As soon as the essence of aesthetic object-constitution is taken to be re-cognition (plus the emanating aesthetic possibilities), the absolutely natural interest in the original object represented by a work of art.Undoubtedly, Gadamer’s conception answers a number of questions that tend to be ignored by other theories. It is just as obvious, however, that Gadamer completes here the aesthetic devaluation of the objective domain. It is not the characteristics of the ‘original’ that constitute the image, but in effect the image turns the original into an original. Paraphrasing this claim one arrives at a near paradox: not objectiveness makes a work of art possible, but a work of art lends objects their objectiveness.
Kant’s Categories Reconsidered
Authors: Greenberg Robert
Published: November 2019

Adopting a Quinean criterion of ontological commitment, I consider the question of the ontological commitment of Kant's theory of our a priori knowledge of objects. Its direct concern is the customary view that the ontology of Kant's theory of knowledge in general, whether a priori or empirical, must be thought in terms of the a priori conditions or representations of space, time, and the categories. Accordingly, this view is accompanied by the customary interpretation of ontology as consisting of Kantian "appearances" or "empirical objects." I argue against this view and interpretation. My argument turns on the opposition between the necessity and universality of the a priori and the particularity and contingency of the existent. Its main point is that the a priori can remain necessary and universal only if the existence of objects is kept distinct from it.
Does Hume Have an Ethics of Virtue?
Authors: Homiak Marcia L.
Published: November 2019

I argue that Hume's ethics can be characterized as a virtue ethics, by which I mean a view according to which character has priority over action and the principles governing action: virtuous character guides and constrains practical deliberation. In a traditional utilitarian or Kantian ethics, character is subordinate to practical deliberation: virtue is needed only to motivate virtuous action. I begin by outlining this approach in Aristotle's ethics, then draw relevant parallels to Hume. I argue that virtuous character in Aristotle is understood in terms of "self-love." A true self-lover enjoys most the exercise of the characteristic human powers of judging, choosing, deciding and deliberating. A virtuous agent's self-love enables sizing up practical situations properly and exhibiting the virtue called for by the situation. But if an agent's character is defective, the practical situation will be misapprehended and responded to improperly. I argue that though Hume claims moral judgments are the product of sympathy, they are actually the result of a complex process of practical reflection and deliberation. Although Hume writes as though anyone can be a judicious spectator, there is reason to think that persons of calm temperament, who enjoy deliberation and have a facility for it, are more likely to perform the corrections in sentiments that may be necessary. If this is so, an agent's character has priority over his or her practical deliberations.
What is Freedom?
Authors: Kókai Károly
Published: November 2019

Wenn man nach der Bedeutung des Wortes Freiheit fragt, fragt man nach dem System, wo dieses Wort seine Bedeutung hat. Die Frage richtet sich nach der Beschreibung des philosophischen, rechtlichen, politischen, wirtschaflichen und gesellschaftlichen System, in dem Freiheit sich entfalten soll. Man Fragt nach der Bedeutung des Wortes Liberalismus. Ich möchte hier auf die Erscheinung eines Begriffs in einer konkreten gesellschaftlichen Situation eingehen, indem ich die Ersheingung des Begriffs in den Schriften Immanuel Kants darstelle. Überblickt man die Erscheinungen des Begriffs Freiheit bei Kant, muß man zum Schluß die Frage stellen: Was ist das Problem der Freiheit innerhalb von Kants Philosophie? Die Probleme mit dem Begrif der Freiheit sind mehrfach. Freiheit ist keine Tatache, sondern eine Annahme. Angenommne wird sie, um die Verfolgung eines verbindlichen Gesetzes fordern zu können. Im selben Moment, als Freiheit angenommen wird, muß sie negiert werden. Freiheit der spekulativen und der praktischen Vernunft sind gegenseitig aufeinander bezogen. Spekulative kann sie nur mit einem Hinweis auf ihren praktischen Gebrauch, praktisch wiederum mit ihrer spekulativen Annahme bestehen. Das sind die Probleme innerhalb von Kants Philosophie. Weitere treten auf, wenn man Freiheit als gesellschftliche Realität betrachtet--auch dann, wenn dies bloß philosophisch, etwa in Anbetracht von Kants Metaphysik der Sitten geschieht. Was hier von Kant nämlich als Freiheit dargestellt wird, ist Freiheit des mit Rechten ausgestatteten Besitzbürgers und Unfreiheit aller anderen. Über Freiheit läßt sich nachdenken, man kann sie in kurzen Momenten, rückblickend und als offene Zukunft erleben, emphatisch verteidigen, für die praktische Umsetzung ihrer Idee kämpfen. Was bleibt aber zurück, wenn man den Begriff Freiheit zerlegt? Etwas, was von der Komplexität des Freiheitsbegriffs nichts mehr hat und nicht zu gebrauchen ist. Es bleibt eines: mit dem widersprüchlichen Begriff zu leben. In einer diskussion etwa, zu der diese Rede als Beitrag gedacht ist.
Hobbes, Conatus and the Prisoner’s Dilemma
Authors: Pietarinen Juhani
Published: November 2019

I want to show the importance of the notion of conatus (endeavor) for Hobbes' political philosophy. According to Hobbes, all motion of bodies consists of elementary motions he called 'endeavors.' They are motions 'made in less space and time than can be given,' and they obey the law of persistence or inertia. A body strives to preserve its state and resist the causal power of other bodies. I call this the conatus-principle. Hobbes' argument for social contract and sovereign is based essentially on this model. He proves that the natural conatus makes people (i) strive to preserve their lives and therefore to get out of the destructive state of nature; (ii) commit to mutual contracts; (iii) keep the contracts unless some external cause otherwise determines; and (iv) establish a permanent sovereign power that Hobbes calls 'an artificial eternity of life.' All this is determined by the fundamental laws of nature, essentially, by the conatus-principle. I also show that the Prisoner's Dilemma interpretation of the Hobbesian state of nature does not represent all of the essential features of Hobbes' argument.