bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Torque Split Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles with an Integrated Starter Generator
Authors: Fu Zhumu , Gao Aiyun , Wang Xiaohong , Song Xiaona
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a torque split strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles with an integrated starter generator (ISG-PHEV) by using fuzzy logic control. By combining the efficiency map and the optimum torque curve of the internal combustion engine (ICE) with the state of charge (SOC) of the batteries, the torque split strategy is designed, which manages the ICE within its peak efficiency region. Taking the quantified ICE torque, the quantified SOC of the batteries, and the quantified ICE speed as inputs, and regarding the output torque demanded on the ICE as an output, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with relevant fuzzy rules has been developed to determine the optimal torque distribution among the ICE, the ISG, and the electric motor/generator (EMG) effectively. The simulation results reveal that, compared with the conventional torque control strategy which uses rule-based controller (RBC) in different driving cycles, the proposed FLC improves the fuel economy of the ISG-PHEV, increases the efficiency of the ICE, and maintains batteries SOC within its operation range more availably.
Antibiotic Resistance Profiling ofStaphylococcus aureusIsolated from Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Hospital from 2010 to 2012
Authors: Juayang Alain C. , de los Reyes Gemma B. , de la Rama April Joy G. , Gallega Christine T.
Published: September 2014

MRSA infection can affect a wide array of individuals that may lead to treatment failure. Also, the infection has the potential to spread from one area to another particularly health care facilities or communities eventually causing minor outbreaks. With this premise, the study aimed to describe MRSA infections using the hospital-based data of a tertiary hospital in Bacolod City, Philippines, from 2010 to 2012. Specifically, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance ofS. aureusisolated from clinical specimens and to put emphasis on the prevalence of MRSA and Inducible Clindamycin Resistance. A total of 94 cases from 2010 to 2012 were diagnosed to haveS. aureusinfection using conventional bacteriologic methods. From these cases, 38 (40.6%) were identified as MRSA and 37 (39.4%) were inducible clindamycin resistant. Wounds and abscesses were considered to be the most common specimens with MRSA infections having 71.05% while blood was the least with 5.3%. For drug susceptibility, out of the 94S. aureuscases, including MRSA, 100% were susceptible to linezolid making it the drug of choice for this study. It was then followed by tetracycline having a mean susceptibility of 95%;, while penicillin G was ineffective with 94 cases having 0% susceptibility.
New Joining Technology for Optimized Metal/Composite Assemblies
Authors: Seidlitz Holger , Ulke-Winter Lars , Kroll Lothar
Published: September 2014

The development of a new joining technology, which is used to manufacture high strength hybrid constructions with thermoplastic composites (FRP) and metals, is introduced. Similar to natural regulation effects at trees, fibers around the FRP joint become aligned along the lines of force and will not be destroyed by the joining process. This is achieved by the local utilization of the specific plastic flow properties of the FRT and metal component. Compared with usual joining methods—such as flow drill screws, blind and self-piercing rivets—noticeably higher tensile properties can be realized through the novel process management. The load-bearing capability increasing effect could be proved on hybrid joints with hot-dip galvanized steel HX420LAD and orthotropic glass—as well as carbon—fiber reinforced plastics. The results, which were determined in tensile-shear and cross-shear tests according to DIN EN ISO 14273 and DIN EN ISO 14272, are compared with holding loads of established joining techniques with similar joining point diameter and material combinations.
RNA-seq Reveals Aurora Kinase–Driven mTOR Pathway Activation in Patients with Sarcomatoid Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pal Sumanta K. , He Miaoling , Tong Tommy , Wu Huiqing , Liu Xueli , Lau Clayton , Wang Jin-Hui , Warden Charles , Wu Xiwei , Signoretti Sabina , Choueiri Toni K. , Karam Jose A. , Jones Jeremy O.
Published: September 2014

Sarcomatoid metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is associated with a poor prognosis, and the biology of the disease has been inadequately characterized. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on adjacent benign, clear cell, and sarcomatoid components from clinical specimens with sarcomatoid mRCC. M phase and cell-cycle pathways were enriched in sarcomatoid versus adjacent clear cell components, suggesting greater cell proliferation. The expression of aurora kinase A (AURKA) was increased as part of these pathways, and its increased expression was validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed that AURKA levels were increased in sarcomatoid tissue compared with their benign or clear cell parts. The increase in AURKA correlated with increased mTOR pathway activity, as evidenced by increased expression of phosphorylated mTOR (S2448) and ribosomal protein S6K (T389). When AURKA was stably expressed in a RCC cell line (Renca), it resulted in increased expression and activity of mTOR, suggesting that overexpression of AURKA can activate the mTOR pathway. These results warrant the analysis of a larger clinical cohort and suggest that targeting AURKA and/or mTOR in patients with sarcomatoid mRCC should be explored.

Implications: Comparative RNA-seq of adjacent sarcomatoid and clear cell histology of RCC indicates a proliferative phenotype and increased AURKA-dependent activation of mTOR signaling in sarcomatoid RCC, which could be targeted by available agents. Mol Cancer Res; 13(1); 130–7. ©2014 AACR.
The role of actin-binding proteins in the control of endothelial barrier integrity
Authors: García-Ponce Alexander , Citalán-Madrid Alí Francisco , Velázquez-Avila Martha , Vargas-Robles Hilda , Schnoor Michael
Published: September 2014

The endothelial barrier of the vasculature is of utmost importance for separating the blood stream from underlying tissues. This barrier is formed by tight and adherens junctions (TJ and AJ) that form intercellular endothelial contacts. TJ and AJ are integral membrane structures that are connected to the actin cytoskeleton via various adaptor molecules. Consequently, the actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in regulating the stability of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability. While a circumferential cortical actin ring stabilises junctions, the formation of contractile stress fibres, e. g. under inflammatory conditions, can contribute to junction destabilisation. However, the role of actin-binding proteins (ABP) in the control of vascular permeability has long been underestimated. Naturally, ABP regulate permeability via regulation of actin remodelling but some actin-binding molecules can also act independently of actin and control vascular permeability via various signalling mechanisms such as activation of small GTPases. Several studies have recently been published highlighting the importance of actin-binding molecules such as cortactin, ezrin/ radixin/moesin, Arp2/3, VASP or WASP for the control of vascular permeability by various mechanisms. These proteins have been described to regulate vascular permeability under various pathophysiological conditions and are thus of clinical relevance as targets for the development of treatment strategies for disorders that are characterised by vascular hyperpermeability such as sepsis. This review highlights recent advances in determining the role of ABP in the control of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability.
Prognostic Value of Rubidium-82 Positron Emission Tomography in Patients After Heart Transplant
Authors: Mc Ardle Brian A. , Davies Ross A. , Chen Li , Small Gary R. , Ruddy Terrence D. , Dwivedi Girish , Yam Yeung , Haddad Haissam , Mielniczuk Lisa M. , Stadnick Ellamae , Hessian Renee , Guo Ann , Beanlands Rob S. , deKemp Robert A. , Chow Benjamin J.W.
Published: September 2014

Background—

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is a key prognostic determinant after heart transplant. Detection and risk stratification of patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy are problematic. Positron emission tomography using rubidium-82 allows quantification of absolute myocardial blood flow and may have utility for risk stratification in this population.

Methods and Results—

Patients with a history of heart transplant undergoing dipyridamole rubidium-82 positron emission tomography were prospectively enrolled. Myocardial perfusion and left ventricular ejection fraction were recorded. Absolute flow quantification at rest and after dipyridamole stress as well as the ratio of mean global flow at stress and at rest, termed myocardial flow reserve, were calculated. Patients were followed for all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure hospitalization. A total of 140 patients (81% men; median age, 62 years; median follow-up, 18.2 months) were included. There were 14 events during follow-up (9 deaths, 1 acute coronary syndrome, and 4 heart failure admissions). In addition to baseline clinical variables (estimated glomerular filtration rate, previously documented cardiac allograft vasculopathy), relative perfusion defects, mean myocardial flow reserve, and mean stress myocardial blood flow were significant predictors of adverse outcome.

Conclusions—

Abnormalities on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography were predictors of adverse events in heart transplant patients. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Get With The Guidelines AFIB
Authors: Lewis William R. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Turakhia Mintu P. , Curtis Anne B. , Fang Margaret , Suter Robert E. , Page Robert L. , Fonarow Gregg C.
Published: September 2014

Background—

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. It is a cause of stroke, heart failure, and death. Guideline-based treatment can improve outcomes in AF. Unfortunately, adherence to these guidelines is low. Get With The Guidelines is a hospital-based performance initiative, which has been shown to improve adherence over time. Get With The Guidelines-AFIB is a novel quality improvement registry designed to improve adherence to AF guidelines.

Methods and Results—

Hospitals will be recruited by regional American Heart Association staff and key stakeholders. Inpatients or observed patients with AF or atrial flutter will be enrolled. Data collected will include demographic, medical history, and clinical characteristics including laboratory values and treatments. Decision support will guide adherence to achievement and quality measures designed to improve adherence to anticoagulation, heart rate control, safe antiarrhythmic drug use, and patient education and follow-up. Increased adherence to guidelines will be facilitated using rapid-cycle quality improvement, site-specific reporting including national and regional benchmarks and hospital recognition for achievement. Primary analyses will include adherence to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology performance measures and guidelines. Secondary analyses will include processes of care, risk stratification, treatment of special conditions or populations and use of particular treatment techniques.

Conclusions—

AF is common clinical problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Get With The Guidelines-AFIB is a national hospital-based AF quality improvement program designed to increase adherence to evidence-based guidelines for AF.
Moderate Hypoxia Potentiates Interleukin-1β Production in Activated Human Macrophages
Authors: Folco Eduardo J. , Sukhova Galina K. , Quillard Thibaut , Libby Peter
Published: September 2014

Rationale
:

Inflammation drives atherogenesis. Animal and human studies have implicated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in this disease. Moderate hypoxia, a condition that prevails in the atherosclerotic plaque, may conspire with inflammation and contribute to the evolution and complications of atherosclerosis through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood.

Objective
:

This study investigated the links between hypoxia and inflammation by testing the hypothesis that moderate hypoxia modulates IL-1β production in activated human macrophages.

Methods and Results
:

Our results demonstrated that hypoxia enhances pro-IL-1β protein, but not mRNA, expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human macrophages. We show that hypoxia limits the selective targeting of pro-IL-1β to autophagic degradation, thus prolonging its half-life and promoting its intracellular accumulation. Furthermore, hypoxia increased the expression of NLRP3, a limiting factor in NLRP3 inflammasome function, and augmented caspase-1 activation in lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages. Consequently, hypoxic human macrophages secreted higher amounts of mature IL-1β than did normoxic macrophages after treatment with crystalline cholesterol, an endogenous danger signal that contributes to atherogenesis. In human atherosclerotic plaques, IL-1β localizes predominantly to macrophage-rich regions that express activated caspase-1 and the hypoxia markers hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and hexokinase-2, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining of carotid endarterectomy specimens.

Conclusions
:

These results indicate that hypoxia potentiates IL-1β expression in cultured human macrophages and in the context of atheromata, therefore unveiling a novel proinflammatory mechanism that may participate in atherogenesis.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Produced in the Kidney Contributes to Angiotensin II–dependent Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Jiandong , Patel Mehul B. , Griffiths Robert , Mao Alice , Song Young-soo , Karlovich Norah S. , Sparks Matthew A. , Jin Huixia , Wu Min , Lin Eugene E. , Crowley Steven D.
Published: September 2014

Immune system activation contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension and the resulting progression of chronic kidney disease. In this regard, we recently identified a role for proinflammatory Th1 T-lymphocyte responses in hypertensive kidney injury. Because Th1 cells generate interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), we hypothesized that interferon-γ and TNF-α propagate renal damage during hypertension induced by activation of the renin–angiotensin system. Therefore, after confirming that mice genetically deficient of Th1 immunity were protected from kidney glomerular injury despite a preserved hypertensive response, we subjected mice lacking interferon-γ or TNF-α to our model of hypertensive chronic kidney disease. Interferon deficiency had no impact on blood pressure elevation or urinary albumin excretion during chronic angiotensin II infusion. By contrast, TNF-deficient (knockout) mice had blunted hypertensive responses and reduced end-organ damage in our model. As angiotensin II–infused TNF knockout mice had exaggerated endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the kidney and enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability, we examined the actions of TNF-α generated from renal parenchymal cells in hypertension by transplanting wild-type or TNF knockout kidneys into wild-type recipients before the induction of hypertension. Transplant recipients lacking TNF solely in the kidney had blunted hypertensive responses to angiotensin II and augmented renal endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, confirming a role for kidney-derived TNF-α to promote angiotensin II–induced blood pressure elevation by limiting renal nitric oxide generation.
Effect of Low Salt Diet on Insulin Resistance in Salt-Sensitive Versus Salt-Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Garg Rajesh , Sun Bei , Williams Jonathan
Published: September 2014

Accumulating evidence shows an increase in insulin resistance on salt restriction. We compared the effect of low salt diet on insulin resistance in salt-sensitive versus salt-resistant hypertensive subjects. We also evaluated the relationship between salt sensitivity of blood pressure and salt sensitivity of insulin resistance in a multivariate regression model. Studies were conducted after 1 week of high salt (200 mmol per day sodium) and 1 week of low salt (10 mmol per day sodium) diet. Salt sensitivity was defined as the fall in systolic blood pressure >15 mm Hg on low salt diet. The study includes 389 subjects (44% women; 16% blacks; body mass index, 28.5±4.2 kg/m
2
). As expected, blood pressure was lower on low salt (129±16/78±9 mm Hg) as compared with high salt diet (145±18/86±10 mm Hg). Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment were higher on low salt diet (95.4±19.4 mg/dL; 10.8±7.3 mIU/L; 2.6±1.9) as compared with high salt diet (90.6±10.8 mg/dL; 9.4±5.8 mIU/L; 2.1±1.4;
P
<0.0001 for all). There was no difference in homeostasis model assessment between salt-sensitive (n=193) versus salt-resistant (n=196) subjects on either diet. Increase in homeostasis model assessment on low salt diet was 0.5±1.4 in salt-sensitive and 0.4±1.5 in salt-resistant subjects (
P
=NS). On multivariate regression analysis, change in systolic blood pressure was not associated with change in homeostasis model assessment after including age, body mass index, sex, change in serum and urine aldosterone, and cortisol into the model. We conclude that the increase in insulin resistance on low salt diet is not affected by salt sensitivity of blood pressure.
Age-Specific Differences Between Conventional and Ambulatory Daytime Blood Pressure Values
Authors: Conen David , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Thijs Lutgarde , Li Yan , Boggia José , Asayama Kei , Hansen Tine W. , Kikuya Masahiro , Björklund-Bodegård Kristina , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Jeppesen Jørgen , Gu Yu-Mei , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Dolan Eamon , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Stolarz-Skrzypek Katarzyna , Tikhonoff Valérie , Schoen Tobias , Malyutina Sofia , Casiglia Edoardo , Nikitin Yuri , Lind Lars , Sandoya Edgardo , Kawecka-Jaszcz Kalina , Mena Luis , Maestre Gladys E. , Filipovský Jan , Imai Yutaka , O’Brien Eoin , Wang Ji-Guang , Risch Lorenz , Staessen Jan A.
Published: September 2014

Mean daytime ambulatory blood pressure (BP) values are considered to be lower than conventional BP values, but data on this relation among younger individuals <50 years are scarce. Conventional and 24-hour ambulatory BP were measured in 9550 individuals not taking antihypertensive treatment from 13 population-based cohorts. We compared individual differences between daytime ambulatory and conventional BP according to 10-year age categories. Age-specific prevalences of white coat and masked hypertension were calculated. Among individuals aged 18 to 30, 30 to 40, and 40 to 50 years, mean daytime BP was significantly higher than the corresponding conventional BP (6.0, 5.2, and 4.7 mm Hg for systolic; 2.5, 2.7, and 1.7 mm Hg for diastolic BP; all
P
<0.0001). In individuals aged 60 to 70 and ≥70 years, conventional BP was significantly higher than daytime ambulatory BP (5.0 and 13.0 mm Hg for systolic; 2.0 and 4.2 mm Hg for diastolic BP; all
P
<0.0001).The prevalence of white coat hypertension exponentially increased from 2.2% to 19.5% from those aged 18 to 30 years to those aged ≥70 years, with little variation between men and women (8.0% versus 6.1%;
P
=0.0003). Masked hypertension was more prevalent among men (21.1% versus 11.4%;
P
<0.0001). The age-specific prevalences of masked hypertension were 18.2%, 27.3%, 27.8%, 20.1%, 13.6%, and 10.2% among men and 9.0%, 9.9%, 12.2%, 11.9%, 14.7%, and 12.1% among women. In conclusion, this large collaborative analysis showed that the relation between daytime ambulatory and conventional BP strongly varies by age. These findings may have implications for diagnosing hypertension and its subtypes in clinical practice.
Treatment of Hypertension and Renal Injury Induced by the Angiogenesis Inhibitor Sunitinib
Authors: Lankhorst Stephanie , Kappers Mariëtte H.W. , van Esch Joep H.M. , Smedts Frank M.M. , Sleijfer Stefan , Mathijssen Ron H.J. , Baelde Hans J. , Danser A.H. Jan , van den Meiracker Anton H.
Published: September 2014

Common adverse effects of angiogenesis inhibition are hypertension and renal injury. To determine the most optimal way to prevent these adverse effects and to explore their interdependency, the following drugs were investigated in unrestrained Wistar Kyoto rats exposed to the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib: the dual endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan; the calcium channel blocker amlodipine; the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril; and the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil. Mean arterial pressure was monitored telemetrically. After 8 days, rats were euthanized and blood samples and kidneys were collected. In addition, 24-hour urine samples were collected. After sunitinib start, mean arterial pressure increased rapidly by ≈30 mm Hg. Coadministration of macitentan or amlodipine largely prevented this rise, whereas captopril or sildenafil did not. Macitentan, captopril, and sildenafil diminished the sunitinib-induced proteinuria and endothelinuria and glomerular intraepithelial protein deposition, whereas amlodipine did not. Changes in proteinuria and endothelinuria were unrelated. We conclude that in our experimental model, dual endothelin receptor antagonism and calcium channel blockade are suitable to prevent angiogenesis inhibition–induced hypertension, whereas dual endothelin receptor antagonism, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition can prevent angiogenesis inhibition–induced proteinuria. Moreover, the variable response of hypertension and renal injury to different antihypertensive agents suggests that these side effects are, at least in part, unrelated.
Key to the species of Eotrechinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) of Thailand and review of the fauna of the Phetchabun Mountain Range
Authors: NAKTHONG LA-AU , VITHEEPRADIT AKEKAWAT , SITES ROBERT W.
Published: September 2014

Water striders of the subfamily Eotrechinae from the Phetchabun Mountain Range can be found at the margins of rock pools and puddles, and in hygropetric habitats including waterfalls. Twenty-two species in three genera are known from Thailand. In the Phetchabun Mountain Range, 12 species representing all three genera were recorded from over a decade of collections (2002–2012). This paper provides taxonomic, biological, and ecological information for taxa of the Phetchabun Mountain Range in Thailand and a taxonomic key to all known species from Thailand.
An Anatomy of the Cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Hodson Daniel L. R. , Robson Jon I. , Sutton Rowan T.
Published: September 2014

In the 1960s and early 1970s, sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean cooled rapidly. There is still considerable uncertainty about the causes of this event, although various mechanisms have been proposed. In this observational study, it is demonstrated that the cooling proceeded in several distinct stages. Cool anomalies initially appeared in the mid-1960s in the Nordic Seas and Gulf Stream extension, before spreading to cover most of the subpolar gyre. Subsequently, cool anomalies spread into the tropical North Atlantic before retreating, in the late 1970s, back to the subpolar gyre. There is strong evidence that changes in atmospheric circulation, linked to a southward shift of the Atlantic ITCZ, played an important role in the event, particularly in the period 1972–76. Theories for the cooling event must account for its distinctive space–time evolution. The authors’ analysis suggests that the most likely drivers were 1) the “Great Salinity Anomaly” of the late 1960s; 2) an earlier warming of the subpolar North Atlantic, which may have led to a slowdown in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation; and 3) an increase in anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions. Determining the relative importance of these factors is a key area for future work.
Some Dynamical Constraints on Upstream Pathways of the Denmark Strait Overflow
Authors: Yang Jiayan , Pratt Lawrence J.
Published: September 2014

The East Greenland Current (EGC) had long been considered the main pathway for the Denmark Strait overflow (DSO). Recent observations, however, indicate that the north Icelandic jet (NIJ), which flows westward along the north coast of Iceland, is a major separate pathway for the DSO. In this study a two-layer numerical model and complementary integral constraints are used to examine various pathways that lead to the DSO and to explore plausible mechanisms for the NIJ’s existence. In these simulations, a westward and NIJ-like current emerges as a robust feature and a main pathway for the Denmark Strait overflow. Its existence can be explained through circulation integrals around advantageous contours. One such constraint spells out the consequences of overflow water as a source of low potential vorticity. A stronger constraint can be added when the outflow occurs through two outlets: it takes the form of a circulation integral around the Iceland–Faroe Ridge. In either case, the direction of overall circulation about the contour can be deduced from the required frictional torques. Some effects of wind stress forcing are also examined. The overall positive curl of the wind forces cyclonic gyres in both layers, enhancing the East Greenland Current. The wind stress forcing weakens but does not eliminate the NIJ. It also modifies the sign of the deep circulation in various subbasins and alters the path by which overflow water is brought to the Faroe Bank Channel, all in ways that bring the idealized model more in line with observations. The sequence of numerical experiments separates the effects of wind and buoyancy forcing and shows how each is important.
Evaluation of Ensemble Configurations for the Analysis and Prediction of Heavy-Rain-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systems*
Authors: Schumacher Russ S. , Clark Adam J.
Published: September 2014

This study investigates probabilistic forecasts made using different convection-allowing ensemble configurations for a three-day period in June 2010 when numerous heavy-rain-producing mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) occurred in the United States. These MCSs developed both along a baroclinic zone in the Great Plains, and in association with a long-lived mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in Texas and Arkansas. Four different ensemble configurations were developed using an ensemble-based data assimilation system. Two configurations used continuously cycled data assimilation, and two started the assimilation 24 h prior to the initialization of each forecast. Each configuration was run with both a single set of physical parameterizations and a mixture of physical parameterizations. These four ensemble forecasts were also compared with an ensemble run in real time by the Center for the Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS). All five of these ensemble systems produced skillful probabilistic forecasts of the heavy-rain-producing MCSs, with the ensembles using mixed physics providing forecasts with greater skill and less overall bias compared to the single-physics ensembles. The forecasts using ensemble-based assimilation systems generally outperformed the real-time CAPS ensemble at lead times of 6–18 h, whereas the CAPS ensemble was the most skillful at forecast hours 24–30, though it also exhibited a wet bias. The differences between the ensemble precipitation forecasts were found to be related in part to differences in the analysis of the MCV and its environment, which in turn affected the evolution of errors in the forecasts of the MCSs. These results underscore the importance of representing model error in convection-allowing ensemble analysis and prediction systems.
Predictors of Screening for Hyperlipidemia in an Urban Pediatric Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Montano Gerald Tariao , Witherell Rebecca , Mar Alice , Szpunar Susan M. , Anne Premchand
Published: September 2014

Introduction. It is unknown how the conflicting recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the US Preventive Services Task Force on pediatric hyperlipidemia affect screening. Objectives. (a) Identify clinical predictors for screening for hyperlipidemia, (b) assess the adherence to the 2008 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, and (c) determine the efficacy of reminder cards in increasing the adherence to the aforementioned guidelines. Methods. Retrospective chart review in the resident, attending, and adolescent medicine clinics during a 3-month period. Reminder cards on each patient chart outlining guidelines for lipid screening for the same clinics were inserted and prospectively assessed for adherence during the following 3 months. Results. Older age and higher body mass index increased likelihood (odds ratio = 1.2 and 12.7, respectively) for lipid screening. Reminder cards improved adherence in the resident clinic only (χ2 P = .016). Conclusions. Age and body mass index were the most significant predictors for lipid screening. Reminder cards modestly improved adherence among resident physicians.
The impact of insight on social functioning in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Erol Almila , Delibas Hakan , Bora Ozlem , Mete Levent
Published: September 2014

Background:

It is still unclear whether insight has a direct association with social functioning in schizophrenia, independent of its association with symptoms.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship of insight and its dimensions with social functioning in schizophrenia.

Methods:

A total of 170 outpatients with schizophrenia were included in this study. All patients were evaluated with the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Patients with impaired insight and patients with unimpaired insight were compared for PSP score through independent samples t test. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between study variables. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used in order to determine the variables that predict social performance.

Results:

The PSP score of patients with impaired insight was significantly lower than that of patients with unimpaired insight. There were significant correlations between insight dimensions and PSP score. PANSS negative scale score, awareness of achieved effects of medication and awareness of anhedonia/asociality were significant predictors of social performance.

Conclusion:

Insight has a significant impact on social functioning in schizophrenia, and some, but not all, insight dimensions have direct impact on social performance, independent of their association with symptoms.
Accounting for differential swelling in the multi-physics modeling of the diffusive behavior of a tubular polymer structure
Authors: Sar BE , Fréour S , Célino A , Jacquemin F
Published: September 2014

Polymers absorb moisture when exposed to humidity, and the so-called anomalies of diffusion (i.e., discrepancies from the typical Fickian behavior) may occur. Multi-physics diffusion models constitute a possible way for representing such anomalies of diffusion. The purpose of this paper is to take into account the derivative by moisture content of polymer volume in order to establish a diffusion law within the so-called thermodynamical approach for a polymer material which experiences a hygro-mechanical load. In this study, the specific case of a tubular structure submitted to either symmetrical or unsymmetrical pressure conditions was investigated.
Applicability of standard delamination tests (double cantilever beam and end notch flexure) for 5HS fabric-reinforced composites in weft-dominated surface
Authors: Shiino Marcos Yutaka , Alderliesten Reyndert Christiaan , Donadon Mauricio Vicente , Voorwald Herman Jacobus Cornelis , Cioffi Maria Odila Hilário
Published: September 2014

Currently, the standard delamination tests established by ASTM (available for mode I and mix mode) are limited to unidirectional composites. Although some researchers have conducted delamination tests in woven composites, their information is still limited. In order to understand the propagation behavior and the value of fracture toughness of woven composites, this article evaluated a 5HS carbon/epoxy composite with a weft-dominated surface. Tests were conducted in double cantilever beam and end notch flexure configurations using an energy-based approach for data reduction in modes I and II, respectively. The results were assessed in terms of delamination resistance curves (R-curves). Both delamination modes showed consistent behaviors for extending the application of the standard procedures, as the energy variation can describe well the crack growth dependence of the irregular surface caused by the crimp, which was more pronounced for mode I.
Households amid Urban Riots
Authors: Gupte Jaideep , Justino Patricia , Tranchant Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2014

This article analyzes the determinants of household riot victimization, based on a unique survey collected in Maharashtra, India. We adopt a multilevel framework that allows neighborhood and district effects to randomly influence household victimization. We find that economically vulnerable households, households living close to unsafe areas, and shop owners are more prone to suffer from riots. Households report lower levels of victimization if they live further from police stations, exhibit higher levels of trust, are able to rely on outside help in times of need and accumulate savings. The results show, however, a double-edge effect of income: wealthier households are better able to cope with the adverse effects of riots, but also have more to lose from riots and are more exposed to opportunistic violence and looting. We find further that affluent neighborhoods and neighborhoods where caste fragmentation is high report higher levels of victimization. Neighborhoods with stronger social interactions experience lower levels of victimization.
After the Fall: Politics, the Public Use of History and the Historiography of the Italian Communist Party, 1991–2011
Authors: Fantoni Gianluca
Published: September 2014

Traditionally, historians described the Italian Communist Party (PCI) as primarily a national party whose strategies had always been largely, if not exclusively, determined by the Italian socio-political environment. Scholars tended to emphasize the merits of the PCI in the construction of Italian democracy and its abiding commitment to the defence of the republican government throughout the postwar period. This view was seriously challenged after the fall of communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the PCI (January 1991), when a strand of ‘revisionist’ literature questioned the PCI’s national character and its democratic credentials. At the same time, the polemical use of these new interpretations in the political arena, along with a new range of historical evidence from the Soviet archives, contributed to turn the debate about the role of the PCI in Italian democracy into a never-ending diatribe. This article is aimed at chronicling the politicization of PCI history and discussing how this affected historiography, in a period characterized, more than ever before, by the political and public use of history.
Reconciling the Notions of Restorative Justice and Imprisonment
Authors: Gavrielides Theo
Published: September 2014

Restorative justice (RJ) in the secure estate is widespread internationally, although piecemeal and inconsistent in its application. It exists in the form of many practices such as mediation, conferencing, circles, and panels. As the interest in RJ continues to grow, this research takes a step back to ask how reconcilable RJ is with incapacitation. Through a combination of normative thinking, literature review, and primary research that applied qualitative methodologies over a 3-year period, the article examines where the two notions meet in their intentions and expected outcomes. A new classification of restorative practices in prisons is proposed, placed in the context of case studies of existing programs from around the world.
Parenting dimensions in relation to pre-schoolers’ behaviour problems in Latvia and Lithuania
Authors: Sebre Sandra B. , Jusiene Roma , Dapkevice Egle , Skreitule-Pikse Inga , Bieliauskaite Rasa
Published: September 2014

The aim of the present study was to examine associations between parenting and child behaviour problems in two neighbouring countries with subtle, yet apparent cultural differences. Participants were mothers and fathers of preschool-age children from Latvia and Lithuania. Parents completed a measure of child-rearing attitudes and reported on their child’s internalizing and externalizing behaviours. In both countries, parental warmth was negatively associated with child behaviour problems, and punishment orientation was positively associated. There were differences by country in the association of paternal psychological control and behaviour problems, and in the interactions of parenting dimensions, specifically maternal warmth and punishment orientation. Possible differences in the meaning attributed to parenting practices imply considerations for parent training programs.
Longitudinal study on reciprocity between personality traits and parenting stress
Authors: Rantanen Johanna , Tillemann Kati , Metsäpelto Riitta-Leena , Kokko Katja , Pulkkinen Lea
Published: September 2014

Reciprocal associations between the Big Five personality traits and parenting stress—including both parents’ feelings of their distress and perception of their incompetence as parents—were studied with 248 participants (49% of which were males). Longitudinal data, collected at ages 33/36, 42 and 50 years, were used. Cross-lagged path analysis revealed that in case of both mothers and fathers, neuroticism at age 33 predicted high parenting stress, and extraversion at age 33 predicted low parenting stress at age 42. Also, parenting stress at age 36 predicted high neuroticism and low extraversion at age 42. From age 42 to 50, only high parenting stress contributed to low neuroticism. Thus, more significant cross-lagged associations of neuroticism and extraversion with parenting stress were detected in early middle age, i.e., from age 33/36 to 42, as compared to later midlife, i.e., from 42 to 50 years of age. The reciprocal associations between parenting stress and neuroticism and extraversion were similar for both mothers and fathers. High conscientiousness at age 42, however, predicted low parenting stress at age 50 only in fathers.
Can Simulation and Human Factors Improve Systems and Safety?
Authors: Deutsch Ellen S. , Seagull F. Jacob , Johnson Kaalan E. , Malloy Kelly M. , Eibling David E.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Our expertise and skill are essential, but not sufficient, for optimal patient outcomes. We work with teams and we work within systems with variable functionality. How can we make sure our team works together effectively? How can we improve the systems within which we work? An expert panel will describe how we can use simulation and the science of human factors to improve the processes, the equipment, and even the spaces in which we work. Examples address emergency response teams, airway carts, and electronic health records. Our keynote speaker, F. Jacob Seagull, PhD, is an expert in human factors applications in health care.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Understand how simulation can be used to improve health care delivery systems and safety. (2) Understand how human factors principles can be applied to improve health care delivery systems and safety.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Management for the Practicing Otolaryngologist
Authors: Goddard John C. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Artz Gregory J. , Backous Douglas D. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Lekovic Gregory P.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

This miniseminar will provide a multidisciplinary perspective (rhinology, neurotology, head and neck, and neurosurgery) on the pathophysiology and management of cerebrospinal fluid disorders encountered by the practicing otolaryngologist. The program will discuss epidemiologic, radiologic, medical, and surgical aspects of spontaneous and iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid leaks of the anterior and lateral skull bases and will highlight important considerations in proper diagnosis, workup, and management.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Properly recognize, diagnose, and manage spontaneous and iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of both the anterior and lateral skull base. (2) Explain various medical and surgical interventions available for the treatment of CSF disorders encountered by the otolaryngologist.
Contemporary Ultrasound of the Head and Neck
Authors: Sofferman Robert A. , Orloff Lisa A. , Smith Russell B. , Sebelik Merry E. , Baskin Henry J. , Ahuja Anil T.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

With the progressive improvements in imaging resolution of ultrasound, concurrent reduction in capital expenditure, and portability, this modality is ideally suited to point‐of‐care use by most otolaryngology practices. Primary and exported training courses through the American College of Surgeons have provided a clinical starting point. An accreditation process for head and neck ultrasound is now available through a joint project between the American Institute for Ultrasound in Medicine and the Academy. This miniseminar presents the practical application of ultrasound to general, pediatric, endocrinologic, and oncologic conditions through a panel of outstanding experts from radiology and otolaryngology.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Cite the principles of ultrasound and its application to conditions of the head and neck. (2) Recognize the advantages of ultrasound‐guided aspiration of samples for cytology and other chemical tests. (3) Learn ultrasound techniques and eventual accreditation of skills.
Getting Published: Tips for Residents, Young Physicians, and Practicing Clinicians
Authors: Rosenfeld Richard M. , Baldassari Cristina , Chandrasekhar Sujana S. , Chaudhary Hamad , Grabarek Collin B. , Pugh Courtney
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Getting published is a practical, results‐oriented miniseminar that emphasizes success strategies for residents, young physicians, and practicing clinicians. Explicit tips are offered to motivate young authors and clinicians to share experience and insights by publishing in peer‐reviewed journals. Myriad viewpoints will be presented, including editor‐in‐chief, managing editor, resident physician, young physician, and practicing clinician. Attendees will learn why publishing is important, how it can prepare them for fellowship and clinical practice, and how it fosters critical thinking skills that lead to better patient care. Time is allowed for questions and answers.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Recognize why publishing in journals is important for young physicians and practicing clinicians. (2) Use best practices associated with successful publishing in biomedical journals. (3) Avoid the top pitfalls when submitting a manuscript for publication consideration.
Hot Topics for the General Otolaryngologists
Authors: Stolovitzky J. Pablo , Hwang Peter H. , Nussenbaum Brian A. , Wilkinson Eric P.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

This miniseminar is designed to update general otolaryngologists on cutting‐edge advances. Dr Nussenbaum will present on human papillomavirus (HPV)–related oropharyngeal cancer, now widely accepted to be a distinct disease. With the increasing incidence of HPV, otolaryngologists need to be familiar with underlying principles that direct comprehensive evaluation and management. Dr Hwang will review the evidence for various methods of drug delivery in treating chronic rhinosinusitis and how the efficacy of topical medical therapy directly relates to the modality of delivery. Dr Wilkinson will give a comprehensive overview of the critical considerations in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Educational Objectives:

(1) List current recommendations for diagnosis and management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. (2) Incorporate into practice with up‐to‐date clinically relevant information about screening, prevention, diagnosis, and management of HPV‐related oropharyngeal cancer. (3) Consider the range of options for topical drug delivery to the paranasal sinuses and the evidence substantiating their use.
The Practice of Otolaryngology circa 1900
Authors: Jackler Robert K. , Thomas J. Regan , Ruben Robert J. , Mudry Albert , Close Lanny G. , Myers Eugene N. , Zeitels Steven M.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

The concept of this miniseminar is to describe how otolaryngology was practiced at the turn of the past century by describing how common otolaryngological diseases were diagnosed and managed and to describe the state of surgical technology and technique

Educational Objectives:

(1) Gain perspective on the antecedents of today's practice of otolaryngology. (2) Recognize the long tradition in otolaryngology of adapting new ideas and introducing technological innovations.
View from the Editors: Peer Review, Publishing, and the Editorial Process
Authors: Stewart Michael G. , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Levine Paul A. , Kennedy David W. , Hanna Ehab Y. N. , Sataloff Robert T. , Chandra Rakesh K.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

In this presentation, the editors‐in‐chief of several major otolaryngology journals will provide instruction and insight on many aspects of the peer‐review process, for current and future reviewers. We will address the roles of peer reviewers, associate editors, and the editorial board and address the importance of voluntary participation in the peer‐review process. We will discuss several practical matters, including frequent errors made by authors and reviewers and tips and strategies for improving reviews and papers. We will discuss decisions on revision versus rejection and responding to reviewer critiques/disagreements. We will also discuss how to advance up the editorial ladder.

Educational Objectives:

(1) To educate attendees on the process of peer review and on how to improve their own peer reviews and manuscript submissions. (2) To educate attendees on how editors select associate editors and editorial board members. (3) To allow attendees to learn about the review and publication process.
Head and Neck Paragangliomas: A Case‐Oriented Approach to Evaluation and Management
Authors: Nussenbaum Brian A. , Netterville James L. , Moore Michael G. , Isaacson Brandon , Mendenhall William M.
Published: September 2014

Program Description:

Despite increased knowledge about head and neck paragangliomas, educational gaps still exist regarding diagnosis, evaluation, and management options. This miniseminar will provide up‐to‐date clinically relevant information using a case‐based format. Best available evidence‐based medicine presentations on focused learning points and audience response will be incorporated. Basic concepts and controversial topics will include accurate disease diagnosis; tumor genetics and defining the at risk‐population for familial disease; management decision making between surgery, radiation, and observation with expected tumor‐control outcomes; identification of patients at particular risk for treatment‐related complications; and rehabilitation options to maximize functional outcomes.

Educational Objectives:

(1) Describe the current “state‐of‐the‐art” for evaluation and management of head and neck paragangliomas. (2) Discuss the considerations that affect how treatment decisions are made. (3) Use methods for minimizing complications while maximizing tumor‐control and functional outcomes.