bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An automotive E/E system domain-specific modelling approach with various tool support
Authors: Sporer Harald , Brenner Eugen
Published: April 2016

The electrical and electronic systems (E/E Systems) in the automotive world have been getting increasingly complex over the past decades. New functionality, which is mainly realized through embedded E/E Systems, as well as the growing connectivity (Car2X-Communication), will keep this trend alive in the upcoming years. Additionally, new standards and regulations have been released during the last few years (e.g. ISO 26262), which improve system properties such as dependability, but also lead to an even higher system complexity. Therefore, well-defined development processes are crucial to manage this complexity and achieve high quality products. To accomplish an appropriated guidance through these processes, a tool chain has to be established, which supports each phase of the E/E System development. However, it is not enough to provide a stand-alone solution for the assistance at each phase. A smooth transition of the development artefacts between the different levels as well as their bilateral traceability is crucial. Common approaches utilize tools such as Enterprise Architect or Artisan Studio to model the E/E System design in SysML or a kind of UML2 profile. Usually, several abstraction layers are designed with these tools, starting from the system architectural design down to the software architectural design. Although, in the majority of cases the design should represent a mechatronics-based system, the hardware and the mechanics view are not considered. The aim of this work is to remedy the defficiencies regarding the missing representation of hardware and mechanics artefacts within E/E System design. Therefore, a model-based domain-specific language was developed that describes the system in a more comprehensive way. It makes it easier for domain experts, who are not that familiar with UML or SysML, to create an architectural design. The methodology presented does not ignore existing SysML models, but rather supports them by means of a translator, which converts the DSL model into a SysML representation. As well as the domain-specific language definition itself, a feasible tool support is presented. To showcase that the language definition can be implemented easily in different ways, a custom-made tool written in C# as well as a tool generated from a UML definition is shown.
ScanMe mobile
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Cole Yevgeniy , Ge Linqiang , Wei Sixiao , Yu Wei , Lu Chao , Chen Genshe , Shen Dan , Blasch Erik , Pham Khanh D.
Published: April 2016

As mobile malware have increased in number and sophistication, it has become pertinent for users to have tools that can inform them of potentially malicious applications. To fulfill this need, we develop a cloud-based malware analysis service called ScanMe Mobile, for the Android platform. The objective of this service is to provide users with detailed information about Android Application Package (APK) files before installing them on their devices. With ScanMe Mobile, users are able to upload APK files from their device SD card, scan the APK in the malware detection system that could be deployed in the cloud, compile a comprehensive report, and store or share the report by publishing it to the website. ScanMe Mobile works by running the APK in a virtual sandbox to generate permission data, and analyzes the result in the machine learning detection system. Through our experimental results, we demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively detect malware on the Android platform.
Vote!
Authors: McCauley Renée
Published: April 2016

Every three years we elect a new SIGCSE Board. The Board drives all SIGCSE activities, which includes approving conference locations and leaders, special projects and speaker funding, budget expenditures, and much more. We are fortunate to have a fabulous slate of dedicated SIGCSE members, who have offered their services to our community for the next three years.
ICER preview
Authors: Sheard Judy , Dorn Brian , Chinn Donald , Tenenberg Josh
Published: April 2016

The 12th annual ACM International Computing Education Research (ICER) conference this year will be held September 9--11, 2016,
down under
in Melbourne, Australia.
Broadening participation
Authors: Townsend Gloria Childress
Published: April 2016

We invite you to join IEEE's Special Technical Community on Broadening Participation in Computing (stcbp.org) for the second annual conference on Research on Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology (RESPECT) in Atlanta, GA, August 11--13, 2016 (http://respect2016.stcbp.org/). Submit research papers, experience reports (due April 17), posters and lightning talks (due June 3).
Human Cancers Express a Mutator Phenotype: Hypothesis, Origin, and Consequences
Authors: Loeb Lawrence A.
Published: April 2016

The mutator phenotype hypothesis was postulated more than 40 years ago. It was based on the multiple enzymatic steps required to precisely replicate the 6 billion bases in the human genome each time a normal cell divides. A reduction in this accuracy during tumor progression could be responsible for the striking heterogeneity of malignant cells within a tumor and for the rapidity by which cancers become resistant to therapy. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2057–9. ©2016 AACR.

See related article by Loeb et al. Cancer Res. 1974;34:2311–21.
Dendritic Cell–Based Immunotherapy: State of the Art and Beyond
Authors: Bol Kalijn F. , Schreibelt Gerty , Gerritsen Winald R. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Figdor Carl G.
Published: April 2016

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in cancer patients aims to induce or augment an effective antitumor immune response against tumor antigens and was first explored in a clinical trial in the 1990s. More than two decades later, numerous clinical trials have been performed or are ongoing with a wide variety of DC subsets, culture protocols, and treatment regimens. The safety of DC vaccination and its ability to induce antitumor responses have clearly been established; however, although scattered patients with long-term benefit were reported, DC vaccines have not yet fulfilled their promise, perhaps mainly due to the lack of large-scale well-conducted phase II/III trials. To allow meaningful multicenter phase III trials, the production of DC vaccines should be standardized between centers which is now becoming feasible. To improve the efficacy of DC-based immunotherapy, it could be combined with other treatments. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1897–906. ©2016 AACR.

See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy.”
Reversing T-cell Dysfunction and Exhaustion in Cancer
Authors: Zarour Hassane M.
Published: April 2016

In the context of chronic antigen exposure in chronic viral infections and cancer, T cells become exhausted/dysfunctional. These exhausted T cells exhibit defective proliferative capacities and cytokine production, but are not totally inert and may exert lytic functions. Importantly, exhausted T cells upregulate multiple inhibitory receptors/immune checkpoints that bind to their ligands expressed by tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune checkpoint blockades with anti-CTL antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and/or anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) mAbs successfully reinvigorate tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and provide persistent clinical benefits to a large number of patients with advanced cancer. This great and long-awaited success for the immunotherapy of cancer has infused considerable enthusiasm in the field of oncology and fostered the development of combinatorial strategies to target the multiple mechanisms of tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction. Here, we review the critical immunoregulatory mechanisms driving T-cell exhaustion in the TME. We also discuss the development of promising combinatorial immunotherapies to counteract the mechanisms of tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction to improve the clinical efficacy of current immune checkpoint blockades. As our understanding of the mechanisms supporting tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction improves based upon preclinical and clinical studies, we expect that novel combinatorial immunotherapies will emerge to improve the clinical outcome of patients with advanced cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1856–64. ©2016 AACR.

See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy.”
The Human Glycoprotein Salivary Agglutinin Inhibits the Interaction of DC-SIGN and Langerin with Oral Micro-Organisms
Authors: Boks Martine A. , Gunput Sabrina T.G. , Kosten Ilona , Gibbs Susan , van Vliet Sandra J. , Ligtenberg Antoon J.M. , van Kooyk Yvette
Published: April 2016

Salivary agglutinin (SAG), also known as gp340 or SALSA, is a glycoprotein encoded by the Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumours 1 gene and is abundantly present in human saliva. SAG aggregates bacteria and viruses, thereby promoting their clearance from the oral cavity. The mucosa lining the oral cavity contains dendritic cells (DC) and Langerhans cells (LC), which express the C-type lectin receptors (CLR) DC-SIGN and Langerin, respectively. Both DC-SIGN and Langerin recognise mannose and fucose carbohydrate structures on pathogens and self-glycoproteins to regulate immunity and homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SAG interacts with these CLR and whether this interferes with the binding to oral pathogens. We show that whole parotid saliva and SAG, when coated to microplates, strongly interact with DC-SIGN and Langerin, probably via mannose and fucose structures. Also, primary human DC and LC bind parotid saliva and SAG via DC-SIGN and Langerin, respectively. Furthermore, SAG binding to DC-SIGN or Langerin prevented binding to the micro-organisms Candida albicans and Escherichia coli which express mannose and fucose-containing glycan structures. Thus, binding of saliva glycoprotein SAG to DC-SIGN and Langerin may inhibit pathogen-DC/LC interactions, and could prove to be a new immunomodulatory mechanism of SAG.
iNOS Induces Vascular Endothelial Cell Migration and Apoptosis Via Autophagy in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhu Tiebing , Yao Qi , Wang Wei , Yao Honghong , Chao Jie
Published: April 2016

Background/Aims: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a crucial role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Autophagy is involved in irreversible cell injury and death under extreme conditions. However, whether iNOS mediates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in endothelial cells via autophagy remains ill-defined. In this study, we examined whether I/R-mediated up-regulation of iNOS is critical in the modulation of cell migration and apoptosis via autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: iNOS expression was detected in HUVECs using Western blotting analyses and immunocytochemistry. An in vitro scratch assay was performed to detect cell migration. The autophagy markers ATG5, LC3B and BECN were detected using Western blotting analysis and adenovirus-mRFP-GFP-LC3. The pharmacological inhibitor of autophagy 3-MA was also applied to confirm the role of autophagy in I/R. Results: I/R induced the expression of iNOS, which subsequently increased the migration and apoptosis of HUVECs and was associated with the up-regulation of autophagy. The iNOS specific inhibitor L-NAME abolished I/R-induced autophagy, while L-NAME and 3-MA both attenuated cell apoptosis and migration induced by I/R. Conclusion: These findings suggested that I/R-induced iNOS regulates migration and apoptosis in HUVECs via autophagy, which indicates a new therapeutic strategy for individuals with I/R injury.
Electro-Acupuncture Promotes Endogenous Multipotential Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mobilization into the Peripheral Blood
Authors: Liu Lizhen , Yu Qin , Hu Kaimin , Wang Binsheng , Zhang Yiran , Xu Yulin , Fu Shan , Yu Xiaohong , Huang He
Published: April 2016

Background/Aims: Mobilization of endogenous stem cells is an appealing strategy for cell therapy However, there is little evidence for reproducible, effective methods of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) mobilization. In the present study, we investigated the mobilizing effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on endogenous MSCs. Methods: Normal adult rats were randomly divided into six groups, namely, EA for 14 days (EA14d), sham EA14d, EA21d, sham EA21d and matched control groups. MSC mobilization efficiency was determined by colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assays. Mobilized peripheral blood (PB)-derived MSCs were identified by immunophenotype and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Results: CFU-F frequency was significantly increased in the PB of EA14d rats compared with the sham EA and control groups. Moreover, the number of CFU-Fs was increased further in the EA21d group. MSCs derived from EA-mobilized PB were positive for CD90 and CD44, but negative for CD45. Additionally, these cells could differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neural-like cells in vitro. Finally, stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) was increased in the PB of rats subjected to EA, and the migration of MSCs was improved in response to SDF-1α. Conclusions: MSCs with multi-lineage differentiation potential can be mobilized by EA. Our data provide a promising strategy for MSC mobilization.
Neonatal Length Growth and Height at Two Years
Authors: Goisbault Manon , Simon Laure , Hanf Mathieu , Darmaun Dominique , Rozé Jean-Christophe , Flamant Cyril
Published: April 2016

Background: Birth length is correlated to height at 2 years and is a predictor of adult height. However, little is known about the relationship between length growth during neonatal hospitalization and height at 2 years. Objectives: The objective was to determine the relationship between length growth during neonatal hospitalization and height at 2 years in preterm infants. Methods: A total of 1,760 preterm infants of less than 35 weeks of gestational age were included. Neonatal length growth was defined by the difference between length Z-scores at discharge and at birth according to Olsen curves. We calculated the odds ratios (OR) before and after adjustment for the risk of being in the 1st quintile of the height Z-score at 2 years. Results: Height at 2 years was positively associated with birth length (p < 0.001) and with neonatal length growth (p < 0.001), whereas birth length and neonatal length growth were inversely correlated (p < 0.001). The risk of being in the 1st quintile of the height Z-score at 2 years was significantly associated with birth length (adjusted OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.38-0.49, for one Z-score) and with neonatal length growth (adjusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56-0.76, for one Z-score) before and after adjustment for perinatal variables. Conclusions: In addition to birth length, neonatal length growth was associated with height at 2 years. These findings point to the need for a close follow-up of the length of preterm infants during hospitalization, so as to start an early management of those patients.
Cerebrospinal Fluid TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients with and without the C9ORF72 Hexanucleotide Expansion
Authors: Junttila Anna , Kuvaja Mari , Hartikainen Päivi , Siloaho Maritta , Helisalmi Seppo , Moilanen Virpi , Kiviharju Anna , Jansson Lilja , Tienari Pentti J. , Remes Anne Marja , Herukka Sanna-Kaisa
Published: April 2016

Background: TDP-43 is the main protein component of ubiquitinated inclusions in a subgroup of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. The C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansion is one of the main mutations associated with TDP-43 pathology in FTLD and ALS. Our aim was to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TDP-43 levels and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in FTLD and ALS patients and to test whether the C9ORF72 expansion carrier status affects these variables. Methods: The patient cohort consisted of 90 clinically well-characterized FTLD (n = 69) and ALS (n = 21) patients. There were 30 patients with the C9ORF72 expansion and 60 patients without the expansion. CSF TDP-43, Aβ1-42, t-tau, and phospho-tau levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Results: There was no difference in CSF TDP-43 levels between the C9ORF72 expansion carriers and the noncarriers. CSF TDP-43 levels were higher in ALS patients than in FTLD patients, and this finding was independent of the C9ORF72 expansion carrier status. Males had significantly higher TDP-43 levels than females (p = 0.008 in the total cohort). Conclusion: CSF TDP-43 does not seem to distinguish the C9ORF72 expansion carriers from noncarriers. However, higher CSF TDP-43 levels were detected in ALS than in FTLD, which might be an indicator of a more rapid progression of TDP-43 pathology in ALS.
Downregulation of SIRT4 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nakahara Yujiro , Yamasaki Makoto , Sawada Genta , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Makino Tomoki , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Takiguchi Shuji , Mimori Koshi , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro
Published: April 2016

Objective: SIRT4, a mitochondria-localized sirtuin, represses glutamine metabolism by inhibiting glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). The current study aimed to evaluate the clinical and biological significance of SIRT4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: The study comprised 172 patients with surgically resected ESCC in two independent cohorts. SIRT4 mRNA expression was analyzed in Cohort 1 (n = 79) and SIRT4 protein expression in Cohort 2 (n = 93). The association of SIRT4 expression with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was assessed. Furthermore, the biological role of SIRT4 in ESCC cell lines was examined. Results: SIRT4 expression was not correlated with any clinicopathological parameters in both cohorts. In Cohort 1, low-SIRT4-expression cases had poorer overall survival than high-SIRT4-expression cases (p = 0.016). In Cohort 2, SIRT4-negative cases had poorer overall survival and disease-free survival than SIRT4-positive cases (p = 0.011 and 0.0026). Multivariate analysis revealed that SIRT4 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 2.06, p = 0.038). The rate of distant recurrence was significantly higher in SIRT4-negative cases than in SIRT4-positive cases (39.4 vs. 7.4%; p = 0.0023). In vitro, SIRT4 knockdown significantly increased GDH activity and promoted cell proliferation and migration. Conclusion: SIRT4 is a potential prognostic biomarker in ESCC.
Serum Procalcitonin as a Biomarker for the Prediction of Bacterial Exacerbation and Mortality in Severe COPD Exacerbations Requiring Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Ergan Begum , Şahin Ahmet Altay , Topeli Arzu
Published: April 2016

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is being used as a marker of bacterial infections. Although there are several studies showing the diagnostic yield of PCT to differentiate bacterial involvement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations (COPDE), the prognostic yield of PCT in severe COPDE has been studied less. Objectives: The primary aim was to determine whether the level of serum PCT at admission in severe COPDE serves as a prognostic biomarker for hospital mortality. The secondary aim was to determine the role of PCT in identifying a bacterial exacerbation. Methods: A total of 63 COPDE patients (median age 71 years; male 58.7%) were retrospectively analyzed from our intensive care unit database. Results: The hospital mortality rate was 23.8%. Admission PCT levels were higher in patients who died during hospitalization (0.66 vs. 0.17 ng/ml; p = 0.014). This association between hospital mortality and serum PCT level remained significant in a multivariate analysis; for every 1 ng/ml increase in PCT level, hospital mortality increased 1.85 times (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-3.19; p = 0.026). The optimal admission PCT threshold was 0.25 ng/ml in order to discern patients who had bacterial exacerbation with a sensitivity of 63%, a specificity of 67%, and a negative predictive value of 80%. The negative predictive value increased to 89% when both the admission and follow-up PCT levels remained <0.25 ng/ml. Conclusion: This study shows that admission PCT levels have a prognostic importance in estimating hospital mortality among patients with severe COPDE. A PCT level <0.25 ng/ml at the time of admission and during follow-up is suggestive of the absence of a bacterial cause of COPDE.
Systematic Review of the Role of Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Lee Adrian , Chan David L. , Wong Matthew H. , Li Bob T. , Lumba Sumit , Clarke Stephen J. , Samra Jaswinder , Pavlakis Nick
Published: April 2016

Background: Targeted therapies [interferon (IFN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, and somatostatin analogs (SSA)] have become an integral part of the neuroendocrine tumor (NET) treatment paradigm. We systematically reviewed the available literature to assess the overall beneficial and negative effects of targeted therapy on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), and toxicity. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, other major databases, and an electronic search of major conferences. Abstract review, quality assessment, and data abstraction were performed independently by 2 investigators. Meta-analyses were conducted using the generic inverse variance method with a random-effects model, with studies pooled according to drug class and/or control arm for clinical homogeneity. Results: Fifteen RCT [SSA, n = 2; mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/VEGF inhibitors, n = 4; IFN, n = 3; targeted therapy added to everolimus, n = 2, and other, n = 4] investigating 2,790 patients were included. Overall, targeted agents improved PFS (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.40-0.73) but not OS (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.72-1.01). SSA improved PFS (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.29-0.58) but not OS (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.58-1.74). mTOR/VEGF inhibitors improved PFS (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.32-0.72) but not OS (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.58-1.17). Targeted therapies added to everolimus or IFN did not improve either PFS or OS. The RR overall was improved (OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.77-4.59) but toxicity was increased (meta-analysis not performed). Conclusions: The addition of targeted therapies improves PFS but not OS in NET. The evidence is strongest for VEGF inhibitors and SSA. There is an ongoing need for well-designed RCT to inform the optimal use of targeted therapies in NET.
Os elementos do surrealismo na peça Marat/Sade de Peter Weiss
Authors: Heise Eloá
Published: April 2016

Die Analyse des Dramas Die Verfolgung und Ermordung Jean Paul Marats dargestellt durch die Schauspielgruppe des Hospizes zu Charenton unter der Anleitung des Herrn de Sade (1964) von Peter Weiss zeigt, wie sich Weiss surrealistischer Elemente, z.B. des Themas des Wahnsinns und der alogischen Struktur des Stückes im Stück, bedient hat. Mit diesen Drama hatte er Autor den größten Erfolg des deutschen Theaters auf den Bühnen der Welt nach Brecht.
Sprichwörter im Text - ein Stein im Schuh des Übersetzers?
Authors: Glenk Eva M. F.
Published: April 2016

Partindo da idéia de frame como base para a descrição lexical, elaboramos um modelo cognitivo de provérbios. Este modelo serve de instrumento para a compreensão e tradução de provérbios. Ele permite localizar as suas recorrências estruturais, lexicais, semânticas e pragmáticas no texto. Demonstramos, neste trabalho, a influência do provérbio sobre o texto, e discutimos os cuidados necessários na tradução através de exemplos concretos.
The development of translation theories in Europe
Authors: Stolze Radegundis
Published: April 2016

Este artigo trata do desenvolvimento dos estudos da tradução na Europa, no século XX. O maior enfoque está na mudança da perspectiva de pesquisa, da comparação entre línguas para a confrontação de textos e da focalização da tradução como atividade pragmática para a investigação do pensamento do tradutor (perspectiva cognitiva). Paralelamente à discussão dos conceitos teóricos, comenta-se também o desenvolvimento institucional dos estudos da tradução.
O trabalho filológico na tradução: considerações gerais sobre as traduções do médio alto-alemão para o português
Authors: Viaro Mário Eduardo
Published: April 2016

Der vorliegende Aufsatz diskutiert die Frage, in welchen Punkten Übersetzungstheorie und deutsche Philologie sich gegenseitig unterstützen können. Er beginnt mit einigen generellen Beobachtungen zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Mittelhochdeutschen. Im zweiten Teil wird ein mittelhochdeutsches Gedicht ins Portugiesische übersetzt.
Etnopoesia. Observações sobre a obra de Hubert Fichte
Authors: Bolle Willi
Published: April 2016

Der Begriff der "Ethnopoesie" wird hier nicht ausschließlich als Merkmal des Werkes von Hubert Fichte (1935-1986) verstanden, sondern als eine unter verschiedenen Ausdrucksformen der "neuen Ethnologie", die im Zusammenhang mit der Krise der Ethnologie im 20. Jahrhundert entstand. Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags geht es darum, von Fichte aufgeworfene Fragen wie die "Verwörterung der Welt", das Verhältnis von Feldforschung und Interpretation, die "teilnehmende Beobachtung" und die Begegnung von hegemonialen und peripheren Kulturen im Vergleich mit den ethnographischen Arbeiten von Lévi-Strauss, Malinowski, Evans-Pritchard und Ruth Benedict begrifflich zu erhellen. Im zweiten Teil wird die Frage erörtert, inwieweit Fichte in seinem posthum veröffentlichten Buch Explosion (1993), in dem die Erfahrungen seiner zwischen 1969 und 1982 unternommenen Brasilienreisen ihren Niederschlag fanden und das als Arbeitsjournal und Leitfaden für seine Publikationen über Brasilien gelten kann, seinen Anspruch eines "Romans der Ethnologie" bzw, einer "neuen Ethnologie" verwirklicht hat.
Selbstdenken und Stil bei J.G. Fichte und Goethe
Authors: Greuel Marcelo Da Veiga
Published: April 2016

Este ensaio pretende mostrar como Goethe e Johann Gottlieb Fichte convergem num ideal cultural supranacional comum, apesar de suas divergências no que diz respeito a seus enfoques poéticos e científicos. A idéia de Goethe acerca do estilo como supremo princípio da arte e a concepção filosófica de Fichte, que enfatiza o fazer filosófico como arte de pensar por conta própria, constituem o foco temático central do presente artigo, tentando evidenciar, ao mesmo tempo, o ponto de coincidência de arte e ciência.
Exílio no Brasil de escritores e intelectuais de fala alemã e a literatura do exílio de Ulrich Becher e Hugo Simon
Authors: Kestler Izabela M. Furtado
Published: April 2016

Der vorliegende Aufsatz stellt einige der wichtigsten Aspekte der Geschichte des deutschen Exils nach 1933 und der Geschichte des Exils der deutschsprachigen Schriftsteller und Intellektuellen in Brasilien dar. Der zweite Abschnitt der Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die in Brasilien geschriebenen Exilwerke von Ulrich Becher und Hugo Simon.
Ab und zu geht's auf und ab - Binômios em alemão
Authors: Meireles Selma Martins
Published: April 2016

Binômios são expressões idiomáticas lexicais formadas por dois elementos da mesma classe formal, unidos por um elo gramatical, geralmente uma preposição ou uma conjunção. O artigo examina exemplos de binômios em alemão e os mecanismos que regem a seleção e a organização de seus elementos.
A história e a ideologia nas relações de contato entre Brasil e Alemanha: Contribuições para o ensino de uma língua estrangeira
Authors: Bolognini Carmen Zink
Published: April 2016

Dieser Aufsatz kontextualisiert den Unterricht und Erwerb von Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Brasilien im sozio-historischen Feld des kolonialen und post-kolonialen Diskurses. Ausgehend von drei illustrativen Texten, einem von 1620, einem von 1855 und einem von 1998, werden die von deutschen und brasilianischen Sprechern eingenommenen Interlokutionsorte (Lugares de Interlocução; ORLANDI 1990) sowie die möglichen Konsequenzen für den Unterricht und Erwerb des Deutschen als Fremdsprache diskutiert.
Brecht e Ivan Lins: Um diálogo intertextual
Authors: Heise Eloá
Published: April 2016

Das Thema dieses Aufsatzes betrifft die Verbindungen und Wechselwirkungen zwischen Dichtern und ihren Werken über sprachliche und politische Grenzen hinweg. Am Beispiel von Brechts Gedicht An die Nachgeborenen (1938) und des Songs Aos nossos filhos (An unsere Kinder - Ende der 70er Jahre) von Ivan Lins und Vitor Martins wird gezeigt, daß die Interpretation nicht auf eine immanente Perspektive beschränkt werden kann. Um eine angemessene Analyse geben zu können, ist es notwendig, den historischen und sozio-politischen Kontext in Betracht zu ziehen.
Aspectos românticos, naturalistas e simbolistas em A mulher sem sombra de Hugo von Hofmannsthal
Authors: Volobuef Karin
Published: April 2016

Die Erzählung Die Frau ohne Schatten, von Hugo von Hofmannsthal, besteht aus einem dichten Gewebe von Symbolen zusammen mit einer stilisierten Landschaft, wo sich die rätselhafte Handlung der Personen abspielt. Die märchenhafte Atmosphäre und so manche Motive wurden aus der Romantik hergeleitet, doch wiederum führt uns der Autor in eine Welt von Leid und Elend, die beinahe naturalistische Züge aufweist. In meinem Essay möchte ich diese ästhetische Vielfalt des Textes behandeln, indem ich einige Elemente veranschauliche, die dem Symbolismus, der Romantik und dem Naturalismus entstammen.
O estranho e o próprio: Projeção, diferença e reminiscência em A missão de Heiner Müller
Authors: Vaßen Florian
Published: April 2016

Vom Anfang an spielt im kolonialen Machtdiskurs der Literaturdiskurs eine entscheidende Rolle. Auch Anna Seghers als fortschrittliche, sozialistische Autorin kann sich mit ihrer Fixierung auf Aufklärung, Französische Revolution und jüdisch-christliche Tradition nicht vom europäischen Universalismus-Anspruch lösen. In einem Spannungsverhältnis von Projektion und Alterität, von Memoria und Intertextualität versteht Heiner Müller dagegen Literatur im Sinne von Emanuel Lévinas' Achtung des Anderen als Arbeit an der Differenz.
Walter Benjamin: Between Academic Fashion and the Avant-Garde
Authors: Buck-Morss Susan
Published: April 2016

Nestes tempos de triunfo do capitalismo sobre o socialismo real, o presente artigo mostra que, apesar de suas diferenças ideológicas, ambos os sistemas baseiam-se numa concepção da história como progresso. Contrastivamente, é lembrada a filosofia da história de Walter Benjamin, marcada pela crítica do progresso e a concepção de um tempo revolucionário, que interrompe o continuum histórico. À luz da teoria benjaminiana é estudado o conflito de concepções de tempo entre os artistas soviéticos das duas décadas posteriores à Revolução de Outubro de 1917: de um lado, o tempo da interrupção, anárquico, autônomo e crítico - que é o tempo da avant-garde-, do outro lado, a sincronização com a idéia de um tempo progressivo tal como foi decretado pelo Partido Comunista; este é o tempo das vanguardas, cuja contrapartida capitalista é a moda.
Witnessing: Testimony of Linguistic Memory - The Case of Victor Klemperer
Authors: Seeba Hinrich C.
Published: April 2016

Diante da enorme repercussão pública, nos anos 1990, dos diários de Victor Klemperer sobre sua experiência pessoal como judeu na Alemanha nazista, este artigo discute o tipo específico de conhecimento da história proporcionado pela literatura de testemunho. Durante o período do holocausto, no confronto diário com a morte, o conhecimento histórico verdadeiro se aguçou nas experiências pessoais. O jornal clandestino de Klemperer expõe como o trauma coletivo afetou a todos por meio dos padrões cotidianos de fala, ditados pela apropriação nazista da língua alemã. Nessa memória da história do cotidianos enquanto história crítica da linguagem pode ser visto o valor específico da literatura de testemunho. A função da crônica de Klemperer da lingua Tertii Imperii consiste em desenvolver nos leitores a sensibilidade linguística, no sentido de poderem se reapropriar de sua língua.
Caminhos dos estudos literários
Authors: Heise Eloá
Published: April 2016

In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die literaturwissenschaftlichen Paradigmen und Tendenzen der letzten 40 Jahre behandelt. Seit dem Jahr 1968, das einen Wendepunkt darstellt, wird darüber diskutiert, inwiefern es keine Einstimmigkeit über die ideelle Legitimation des Faches mehr gibt. Ein führendes methodologisches Paradigma verschwindet und die leitenden Theorien werden im Gegenzug zu Modewellen, die nicht lange anhalten. Seit den 80er Jahren beschleunigen sich die Tendenzen, die sich von einem Orientierungszentrum entfernen.
A negação sintática em diálogos do alemão e do português do Brasil
Authors: Meireles Selma M.
Published: April 2016

Der Aufsatz präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung der syntaktischen Negation in deutschen und brasilianischen Dialogen. Nach einigen Überlegungen über Negation und Sprache wird ihre Okkurrenz in einem Corpus von Dialogen in beiden Sprachen in Bezug auf semantische, in Anlehnung an Polenz und Engel ausgearbeitete Kategorien untersucht. Ausgehend von Ilaris Arbeiten werden die Möglichkeiten der syntaktischen Negation in jeder Sprache als Formeln präsentiert, die die Beziehungen zwischen ihren Komponenten darstellen. Außer der Gebrauchsfrequenz von syntaktischen Negation von Fremdsprachlern erörtert, sowie breitere Überlegungen über Negation, Kommunikation und Kultur.
Die Welt von Gestern: Übersetzungen ins Spanische und Portugiesische
Authors: Sperber George Bernard
Published: April 2016

Stefan Zweig foi o único autor relevante de língua alemã que, na década de quarenta do século passado, escolheu o Brasil para o seu exílio. Neste país ele veio a cometer suicídio. Antes disso escreveu aqui o livro frequentemente citado e mais frequentemente criticado em que o Brasil é chamado o país do futuro. Mas foi também no Brasil que Zweig terminou a sua obra Die Welt von Gestern, um livro de memórias, uma prestação de contas com o mundo do qual Zweig provinha, uma obra de relevância histórico-cultural e política, que foi imediatamente publicada em traduções para o espanhol (argentino) e o português (brasileiro). Quando comparadas com o original em alemão, estas traduções apresentam cortes e mudanças significativos, que podem ser atribuídos à intervenção de uma censura qualquer e que prejudicam a brisância política do livro.
Rose Ausländer, Gedichte / Poemas
Authors: Aron Irene
Published: April 2016

Anexo
Glücksschuh und goldne Waage. Eduard Mörikes artistische Balance zwischen Klassik und Moderne
Authors: Goebel Eckart
Published: April 2016

O artigo analisa poemas e narrativas de Eduard Mörike, um contemporâneo do romantismo e realismo, dando ênfase na extrema sensibilidade para detalhes realísticos, resgatados e equilibrados na escritura altamente artística. Longe de ser um epígono, Mörike atinge um raro nível de reflexão literária particularmente na representação da experiência de perceber e perder objetos sensuais. O artigo pretende ao mesmo tempo demonstrar os potenciais de procedimentos hermenêuticos no espírito de Th. W. Adorno, rejeitando tendências de transformar a crítica literária, numa ciência da cultura, representada por F. Kittler.
Ordnung der Fremde Brasilien und die theoretische Neugierde im 16. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kiening Christian
Published: April 2016

Embora as primeiras viagens para a América fossem motivadas sobretudo por interesses materiais, as notícias sobre os povos indígenas, publicadas na Europa pelos viajantes, pouco a pouco influenciaram a concepção de mundo, dominado até então por tradições medievais. Em geral, a experiência do outro se descrevia ainda em formas do conhecido, mas paulatinamente o conhecimento empírico começou a estruturar um novo discurso. O autor analisa os primeiros livros sobre viagens para o Brasil em meados do século XVI, Hans Staden, Jean de Léry e André Thevet. Ele constata que os viajates desenvolvem estruturas discursivas próprias, para lidar com os fenômenos estranhos. Os relatos marcam no pensamento ocidental um primeiro passo no processo da criação de um espaço para o outro, que existe na realidade - neste caso no litoral brasileiro.
Uso dos marcadores: downgraders e upgraders em língua alemã
Authors: Seixas Alessandra Paula De
Published: April 2016

Die Autorin analysiert die Anwendung der modality markers in einem Text aus dem Freiburger Korpus. Sie zeigt, wie das Bedürfnis, das Gesicht zu wahren, die Sprecher dazu führt, downgraders oder upgraders auszuwählen, die die Intensität der Sprechakte und damit auch die emotionale Stimmung der Interaktion steuern.
Berlin als Ort der Moderne
Authors: Scherpe Klaus R.
Published: April 2016

O autor usa Berlim de exemplo para expor que a falta de individualidade é um traço essencial da cidade moderna e, ainda mais, pós-moderna. Enquanto, de maneira crescente, os sistemas funcionais da cidade ficam invisíveis e a própria cidade indistinguível, simula-se sua identidade em encenações correntes de urbanidade. Este processo pode ser observado em diferentes meios que representam Berlim. Em poemas e romances, quadros e filmes, exposições e obras arquitetônicas, a vaidade e indiferença da cidade moderna e de seus habitantes se encontra, seja coberta por imagens míticas ou historistas, seja exposta por meios estéticos.
Noites da Cidade. A poetologia da metrópole na lírica moderna
Authors: Beil Ulrich Johannes
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend vom Stadt-Land-Gegensatz, der schon in Vergils Georgica beobachtbar ist und dann in der englischen und französischen Lyrik des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts eine wichtige Rolle spielt, richtet sich der Blick zunächst auf die deutsche Tradition der 'Großstadtlyrik'. Hier läßt sich seit etwa 1900 von einem zunächst teils dämonisierenden, teils von Motiven des Erhabenen geprägten Umgang mit dem Phänomen Metropole sprechen, während französische, englische oder amerikanische Autoren (Wordsworth, Whitman, Baudelaire) bereits einen weniger ideologischen Umgang mit der neuen Urbanität pflegen. Erst in der Nachkriegszeit, vorbereitet durch expressionistische Autoren wie Ernst Stadler oder später Benn, wird auch in der deutschsprachigen Poetologie der plurale, hybride Charakter der Großstadt entdeckt. Den Abschluß bilden Beispiele aus der nordamerikanischen und der brasilianischen Lyrik.
Kant: autonomia ou estética compromissada?
Authors: Korfmann Michael
Published: April 2016

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss von Kant auf Konzepte der modernen Kunst, wie sie etwa in Arbeiten von Lyotard, Kothe, Weber oder Luhmann formuliert werden. Zentrale Punkte sind die Begriffe der Autonomie, des Erhabenen sowie L’art pour l’art als Paradigmen innerhalb der Diskussion über Beginn und Entwicklung der künstlerischen und sozialen Moderne.
A “beleza livre” e a arte não-figurativa
Authors: Lima Luiz Costa
Published: April 2016

Trata-se de uma leitura “interessada” da Crítica da faculdade de julgar. Interessada porque, ao contrário do que se tornou freqüente nas últimas décadas, busca-se desvincular o conceito kantiano da “beleza livre” da defesa antecipada de uma arte abstrata. Interessada ainda porque, em vez de se expor (mais uma vez) o arcabouço da Kritik der Urteilskraft, procura-se mostrar como a Terceira Crítica kantiana pode servir de base para algo que não esteve em seu propósito: repensar a própria idéia de mímesis. Para tanto, será decisivo o entendimento do sublime (das Erhabene) kantiano: tomado inicialmente como uma modalidade da experiência estética, de que a outra era a beleza, progressivamente o sublime se afasta daquela. Se beleza e sublime são tematizados fora do “juízo determinante”, em que as propriedades do objeto se impõem ao sujeito, as modalidades da experiência estética supõem, ao contrário, o primado do sujeito. Este implica graus: desde a experiência de harmonia propiciada pela beleza até à do “prazer negativo” do sublime. Estes são pólos pelos quais a realidade é retrabalhada pelo sujeito. No pólo da beleza, a “representação” da realidade ainda desempenha um papel saliente. No “prazer negativo” do sublime, a “representação” é subordinada ao poder da “apresentação”. Mas as duas espécies de experiência, a da beleza e a do sublime, pertencem ao mesmo campo da experiência estética porque em ambas o sujeito retrabalha – e não se descarta – o que lhe vem de fora. Ou seja, será preciso que entendamos a “Vorstellung” sempre como uma experiência em que o externo será transformado pelo sujeito. I.e., a representação na Terceira Crítica será sempre uma representação-efeito. Tanto no sublime como na “beleza livre” a metamorfose do externo pelo sujeito atinge seu máximo grau, sem que isso signifique que o pólo externo – o que costumamos chamar de ‘mundo’ ou ‘realidade’ – desapareça. Será, portanto, preciso repensar-se o conceito de mímesis para que se dê conta da metamorfose do mundo efetuado pela radicalização da experiência estética através da “beleza livre”.
Gewänder als Parerga. Zu Herders „Plastik“
Authors: Binczek Natalie
Published: April 2016

O artigo analisa o ensaio de J. G. Herder sobre escultura, particularmente a relação entre ver e sentir, exterior e interior, superfície e corpo, pintura e escultura na teoria estética da segunda metade do século XVIII. A intenção de Herder é a fundação de uma arte escultural autônoma a partir da fisiologia do tato, não realizada, contudo, através do ato de tocar, mas através da imitação visual ao se observar a estátua. Neste sentido, a distintividade da escultura não estaria apenas na natureza compacta do corpo, mas na tensa relação entre o compacto e sua articulação, os acessórios. Na tensão entre o trabalho e os acessórios – erga e parerga –, as roupas das estátuas constituem uma adição “morta”, que perturba o efeito do corpo “vivo”. As roupas “molhadas” das estátuas da antiguidade, por outro lado, seriam tão “transparentes” que pareceriam uma segunda pele. Esse tipo de parerga não representa algo supérfluo ou inconveniente, mas sim um elemento necessário da arte da escultura, cobrindo – mas não completamente negando – o interior orgânico que faz referência à morte.
„Den Bösen sind sie los“ Überlegungen zu Mephistopheles und zum Bösen in Goethes Faust
Authors: Eggensperger Klaus
Published: April 2016

Por que o Mefistófeles no Fausto de Goethe, ao contrário de todas as expectativas, não apresenta uma natureza realmente má? Partindo desta pergunta, neste artigo discute-se a figura do diabo no imaginário europeu no sec. XVI e no Doctor Faustus de Christopher Marlowe. Em seguida são analisados alguns traços principais do diabo goethiano secularizado. O Mefistófeles de Goethe não é o demônio da mitologia cristã e tão pouco representa o grande vilão da peça. Seu autor deixa claro que a responsibilidade pelo mal produzido nas duas partes do Fausto é dos seus personagens humanos.
Metáforas tecnológicas do cotidiano: uma análise do falar alemão
Authors: Schroeder Ulrike
Published: April 2016

O artigo tematiza a transferência metafórica dos conceitos técnicos ao nosso estilo de falar cotidiano. No foco da investigação, coloca-se um esclarecimento da questão por quê se encontram especificamente no falar alemão em comparação com o português, por exemplo, de forma freqüente, metáforas tecnológicas ligadas a outros conceitos metafóricos. Com base em alguns exemplo extraídos da pesquisa comparativa „Brasilianische und deutsche Wirklichkeiten – eine vergleichende Fallstudie zu kommunikativ erzeugten Sinnwelten“ [Realidades brasileira e alemã – um estudo de caso comparativo sobre mundos de sentido criados comunicativamente], questiona-se sobre a questão sobre quais traços da língua alemã e do desenvolvimento históricocultural da nação alemã contribuem para uma tal dinâmica das metáforas utilizadas no falar cotidiano.
Friedrich Schiller e Gonçalves Dias
Authors: Volobuef Karin
Published: April 2016

O artigo retraça algumas etapas da recepção de Schiller na Inglaterra e Portugal, especialmente no que se refere ao impacto causado pela peça Os bandoleiros e a narrativa O visionário. Schiller não apenas foi lido e traduzido, mas suas obras efetivamente produziram ecos na literatura fora da Alemanha. Seu estímulo, idéias e criações sem dúvida deram um impulso fundamental para o Romantismo de muitos países – inclusive do Brasil. Aqui suas reverberações chegaram via França ou Portugal, mas, pelo menos no caso de Gonçalves Dias, Schiller foi lido diretamente em alemão. A importância de Schiller para a obra de Gonçalves Dias pode ser percebida com maior clareza na peça Patkull, que se ampara em Wallenstein, e também na tradução A noiva de Messina, em que o romântico brasileiro trabalhava na época de sua morte tão precoce.
Zur Erinnerung an deutsche Opfer: Geschichte, Zeugnis und Fiktion in Grass’ Novelle Im Krebsgang
Authors: Galle Helmut
Published: April 2016

O artigo analisa, por meio de uma novela de G. Grass, uma tendência atual da literatura alemã sobre a II Guerra. Nesta nova literatura já não é mais a culpa, mas o sofrimento da população que se focaliza. O texto de Grass apresenta um cuidado particular nos fatos históricos, facilitando aos leitores distinguir entre elementos factuais e ficcionais. No âmbito da ação ficcional, o autor imita o gênero do testemunho, fato que contribui para qualificar sua novela como meio da memória colectiva. A ação ficcional desenvolve, além disso, uma argumentação política que explica a necessidade de comemorar também as vítimas alemães: para fazer jus à verdade, ao equilíbrio emocional e para encontrar uma saída do circuito da violência, perpetuada através das gerações. A novela de Grass encontra-se, por conseguinte, na tradição da representação de eventos históricos, a serviço de uma memória colectiva humanista e iluminada que, na Alemanha, remete à obra dramática de Schiller.
Para uma interpretação do conceito de Bildungsroman
Authors: Quintale Neto Flavio
Published: April 2016

Neste artigo tenta-se compreender o sentido do chamado Romance de Formação. É feita uma curta analise do romance Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister de Goethe, obra modelo desse gênero narrativo. Argumenta-se que Goethe propõe, como ideal de busca para a formação do homem Humanista, a união entre a práxis e a contemplação. Discute-se também o Romance de Formação antimodelo: Henrique de Ofterdingen de Novalis.
Estilo conversacional, interculturalidade e língua estrangeira
Authors: Meireles Selma
Published: April 2016

Ao mesmo tempo em que a linguagem é parte fundamental da constituição e manutenção de grupos sócio-culturais, ela também é influenciada por eles, a ponto de espelhar inconscientemente diversas convenções sócio-culturais nas manifestações lingüísticas dos membros de tais grupos. Discrepâncias nas expectativas em relação a estilos conversacionais em interações entre falantes de grupos culturais diferentes podem ocasionar mal-entendidos, conflitos ou mesmo levar à criação e manutenção de estereótipos. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar alguns exemplos e considerações a respeito de estilo conversacional e interculturalidade em geral e no que se refere ao estilo conversacional de brasileiros e alemães.
Imagens de uma língua: reflexões sobre o ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira no Brasil
Authors: Bohunovsky Ruth
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von den theoretischen Grundlagen der Angewandten Kritischen Linguistik werden zwei für den Unterricht des Deutschen als Fremdsprache in Brasilien relevante Aspekte diskutiert: zum einen, die Konsequenzen des häufig gehörten Arguments, Deutsch sei eine besonders “kultivierte” und schwierige Sprache, und zum zweiten, die Tatsache, dass in vielen in Brasilien verwendeten Lehrwerken nicht auf die Besonderheiten eines möglichen Kontakts zwischen einem Brasilianer, der Deutsch lernt, und einem deutschen Mutterprachler eingegangen wird. Schließlich wird die Frage gestellt, ob das derzeit in Brasilien verwendete (und aus Deutschland importierte) Lehrmaterial dazu geeignet ist, die LernerInnen zu einem kritischen Umgang mit der deutschen Sprache und Kultur anzuregen.
“A mudez é um dos atributos da perfeição” – Kafka
Authors: Sousa Celeste Ribeiro de
Published: April 2016

Es ist Ziel dieses Essays, einige Tatsachen hervorzuheben, die zum Teil zeigen können, warum Franz Kafka den Nobelpreis nicht erhalten hat.