bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the number of remaining teeth and postoperative delirium in patients after gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Kawata Nanako , Yoshida Mitsuyoshi , Sakai Ayu , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Inaguma Gaku , Suda Koichi , Ohuchi Akitsugu
Published: December 2024

Aim

Malnutrition is reportedly associated with the development of delirium. As dental health is essential for nutritional intake, tooth loss may be a risk factor for the development of delirium. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative delirium and the number of remaining teeth in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study included 453 consecutive patients aged ≥65 years who underwent programmed gastrointestinal cancer surgery under general anesthesia at the Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University Hospital, between January 2022 and December 2022. Background factors were prepared between the participants with and without dental intervention. In the dental intervention group, associations between background and surgical factors and the presence of postoperative delirium were explored. Factors with significant associations with postoperative delirium in the univariate analysis were subjected to logistic regression analysis to determine their association with the number of remaining teeth.

Results

Overall, 189 participants underwent postoperative management. They had a significantly lower Prognostic Nutritional Index and higher cognitive decline than the 264 patients who underwent no dental intervention during this period. However, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative delirium between the two groups. In the dental intervention group, logistic regression analyses revealed that postoperative complications and the number of remaining teeth were significantly associated with postoperative delirium development.

Conclusion

The results revealed that a decrease in the number of remaining teeth is associated with postoperative delirium. The cause of this is not clear, but it is thought to be related to brain fragility. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 90–95.
‘LUMEN SUPERNATURALE ’ VS ‘LUMEN NATURALE ’: HUMAN RIGHTS AND THEIR RELIGIOUS IMPLICATIONS IN NATURAL LAW IN THE EARLY ENLIGHTENMENT (PUFENDORF – THOMASIUS – WOLFF)
Authors: Schmitt‐Maass Christoph
Published: December 2024

In the Middle Ages, the divine order was considered the standard of law. Natural law was thus derived from the divine order. In the Enlightenment, the problem of determining the content of natural law unambiguously, i.e., independently of personal viewpoints, was well known. The natural law doctrine of the Age of Enlightenment, as is broadly agreed in scholarship, founded and prepared the way for the general declarations of human rights. When, with the Renaissance and the beginning of the Enlightenment, religious ties weakened, the consensus among scholars was that a form of argumentation found in natural law becomes more important: human beings had a dignity derived not from God, but from nature and from birth, from which the fundamental human rights to life, freedom and security were then derived. The ‘nature’ of the human being was thus regarded as a source of justification and appeal, as a source of law. In the German‐speaking world, Samuel Pufendorf, Christian Thomasius, and Christian Wolff are among the most renowned founders of natural law. I will answer the question of how far the justification of human rights in the natural law of the early Enlightenment manages without instances of religious justification.
WHO SOUNDS MOST WORTHY OF HUMAN RIGHTS? AURAL CULTURAL DIVERSITY, THE CONCEPT OF HUMANITY AND THEIR RELIGIOUS INVESTMENTS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE IDEOLOGIES
Authors: Solanki Tanvi
Published: December 2024

This article introduces aural cultural diversity as an important criterion with regard to human rights. By ‘aural cultural diversity’, I mean thinking about human diversity based not on ocular‐centric notions of race but on how the particularity of peoples becomes manifest in their differentiated manners of listening and responding to the sounds of spoken language. The concept of humanity, although it presents itself as inclusive and universal, emerges from a Christian theory of monogenesis. The fall of the tower of Babel and the subsequent diversity of spoken languages is a problem for theories of the origins of humanity ordained by God. The German ‘science’ of comparative linguistics can be viewed as a strategy to maintain Christian control over aural cultural diversity, creating hierarchies between languages based on seemingly objective grammatical and lexical rules. It bore consequences for the human rights of those peoples who spoke languages in non‐standard, deviant or unexpected ways. While it is well established that the theory of Indo‐European language groups was used as a defence against virulent nationalism and fascism in Germany, are there more subtle and lasting consequences of dehumanisation based on listening to a hierarchy of sounds marked as ‘different’ and ‘other’?
The Echoes of Feminism in the Dual‐Career Family
Authors: Berlato Heliani , Andretta Danilo , Fernandes Thais
Published: December 2024

Research on dual‐career families explores different aspects that influence the work–family relationship for couples who aim to develop their careers while having a family life. However, this literature fails in recognizing the contributions of feminism to question and rethink the role of women in the dual‐career relationship. Therefore, the objective of this study is to reflect upon the dual‐career family from the perspective of several aspects of feminism and its influences on the couple's career paths. To this effect, various elements that appear in the literature on dual‐career families were discussed and problematized from a feminist perspective: the role of organizations, the sexual division of labor, the meanings of career, as well as women who are invisible in these studies. As a theoretical contribution this essay provides the approximation of the dual‐career family studies with feminist theories, enabling a redefinition of the concept and renewal of research on this topic.
Associations Between Problems in Oral Health, Oral Function and Malnutrition in Older People: Results From Three Databases
Authors: Hollaar Vanessa , de van der Schueren Marian , Haverkort Elizabeth , Everaars Babette , Borkent Jos , Jerković‐Ćosić Katarina , van Hout Hein , Everink Irma , Naumann Elke
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Poor oral health can influence an individual's dietary intake, which may result in malnutrition. Both problems in oral health and function and malnutrition are common in older people. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between oral health and oral function and malnutrition in community‐dwelling older people within three different databases.

Methods

Data analyses were performed on three existing Dutch databases (Interrai: n = 3876, LPZ: n = 966, PRIMa mouth CARE: n = 975). Logistic regressions (adjusted for age and gender) tested the relation between oral health and oral function (independent variable) and malnutrition (dependent variable).

Results

Problems in oral health and oral function such as broken teeth (OR: 1.43 [95%CI: 1.12–1.81]), oral pain and discomfort (OR: 2.58 [95%CI: 1.52–4.39]), chewing difficulties (OR: 1.99 [95%CI: 1.54–2.57]), swallowing problems (OR: 6.63 [95%CI: 2.85–15.42]), coughing (OR: 6.05 [95%CI: 2.08–17.61]) and food adaptations (OR: 5.46 [95%CI: 2.60–11.4]) were found to be significantly associated with malnutrition in older people.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a significant link between oral health problems and oral function with malnutrition in community‐dwelling older people. Oral health care and healthcare professionals need to consider oral health and oral function in relation to nutritional status and vice versa in community‐dwelling older people.
Association Between Sealant and Early Impairment of First Molars in 6–14‐Year‐Olds: A 9‐Year Follow‐Up Using South Korean Cohort Data
Authors: Cho Han‐A , Park Bo‐Young , Shin Hosung
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to analyse the 2010–2018 cohort data of the National Health Insurance Service to examine the association between applying sealants in the first molars of children and their early dental impairment.

Methods

Based on the two‐level mixed effect model (individual four teeth), the study participants were divided into two groups: those with sealants on all four first molars and those without sealants to determine the association between sealants and early impairment. We analysed teeth that had undergone extraction or canal filling to determine early impairment.

Results

The rate of early impairment in the first molars was approximately 7.4 times lower in the sealant group (0.65%) than in the non‐sealant group (4.83%). Early impairment of first molars was higher in females, medically cared for and in rural populations. It was also higher in the maxillary first molars (3.7%) than in the mandibular first molars (3.49%), in more rural areas, and in lower household income groups. In generalised linear mixed models, first molars with sealants were 14.9% less likely to have early impairment than those without sealants (p = 0.000).

Conclusions

The study findings suggest that applying sealants on the first molars is important to prevent early dental caries development and prolong the functional integrity of first molars. In addition, we found that maxillary first molars were more susceptible to early impairment than mandibular first molars, even when sealant was applied.
Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Pollen Fertility of Drought‐Stressed Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by Improving Antioxidant Metabolism
Authors: Yu Huilian , Zhao Kaiyang , Yan Ke , Wen Yizheng , Gao Zicheng , Xue Shijie , Zhao Wenqing , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Zhiguo , Hu Wei
Published: December 2024

Exogenous melatonin (MT) can aid crops in mitigating drought stress, yet its impacts on cotton pollen fertility under drought remain understudied. To address this, a study on the effects of exogenous MT on cotton pollen sterility and internal physiological metabolism under drought stress was conducted. Results showed that although antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased in drought‐stressed anthers, yet this was insufficient to balance reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which led to higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2−) accumulation, resulting in oxidative stress, manifested by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced pollen viability. Remarkably, the application of MT further bolstered the activities of CAT, POD and SOD in drought‐stressed anthers, effectively mitigating the accumulation of O2− and H2O2. This enhancement facilitated the antioxidant defence system under drought conditions. Simultaneously, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was reduced, which prevented the reduction of dehydroascorbate (DHA) to ASA, and the ascorbic acid‐glutathione (AsA‐GSH) cycle was destroyed, leading to the accumulation of GSH. Nevertheless, MT application triggered upregulation of both GhDHAR and GhMDHAR expressions, promoting AsA synthesis and regeneration, respectively, thereby elevating AsA levels. Furthermore, MT revitalised APX activity, accelerating the removal of H2O2 through AsA‐mediated reduction, ultimately restoring the balance of the AsA‐GSH cycle and enhancing the overall antioxidant capacity of drought‐stressed anthers. In summary, exogenous MT can enhance the scavenging ability of ROS in drought‐affected anthers by elevating the activities of CAT, POD and SOD and by enhancing APX activity in the AsA‐GSH cycle, thereby alleviating drought‐induced oxidative stress and improving pollen fertility under water deficit stress.
Synthesis and negative thermal expansion performance of (NaMg)3+ codoped Sc2W3O12 ceramics
Authors: Fan Xiaoxue , Zhang Zhiping , Liu Hongfei
Published: December 2024

A series of NaxMgxSc2 − xW3O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75) ceramics has been prepared by the coprecipitation process. The phase composition, crystal structure, morphology, and thermal expansion behavior of NaxMgxSc2 − xW3O12 samples were investigated. The results show that (NaMg)3+ substitution causes a phase transition in NaxMgxSc2 − xW3O12. For 0 < x ≤ 0.25, both orthorhombic Sc2W3O12 and hexagonal NaxMgxSc2 − xW3O12 coexist in the sample. For 0.25 < x ≤ 0.75, (NaMg)3+ double cations successfully replace Sc3+, and single‐phase hexagonal NaxMgxSc2 − xW3O12 ceramics were prepared. For x = 1, the impurity MgWO4 was detected. As the (NaMg)3+ codoping amount increases, the grain size grew up and the density of the NaxMgxSc2 − xW3O12 ceramics increased. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of negative thermal expansion (NTE) NaxMgxSc2 − xW3O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75) ceramics were improved from −6.02 × 10−6°C−1 to −15.19 × 10−6°C−1 in 30–700°C. Moreover, as the sintering temperature increased, the CTEs of Na0.75Mg0.75Sc1.25W3O12 ceramics were improved from −10.36 × 10−6°C−1 to −13.64 × 10−6°C−1.
Clinical Supervision Models and Frameworks Used in Nursing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zonneveld Debbie , Conroy Tiffany , Lines Lauren
Published: December 2024

Aim

To provide an overview of clinical supervision models and frameworks used in nursing and map them to their areas of use in nursing.

Design

A scoping review guided by JBI methodology for scoping reviews.

Methods

A systematic search using CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Emcare databases for English‐language papers published at any time and ProQuest and Google Scholar databases for unpublished guidelines was conducted in June 2023 and repeated in June 2024.

Results

Thirty‐nine papers covering thirty‐three clinical supervision models and frameworks highlighted conceptual confusion, lack of evidence for informed choices, and a need for balanced clinical supervision to enhance the reflective, critical thinking, and support of nurses transitioning to advanced practice.

Conclusion

Further development is needed for clinical supervision models to support nurses transitioning to advanced practice.

Implications for the Profession

A clearer understanding of clinical supervision within contemporary nursing practice to support nurses' critical reflective thinking for advanced practice.

Impact

A clearer understanding of clinical supervision within contemporary nursing practice.

Importance of meta‐communication skills training for nurses and supervisors.

Structured clinical supervision content should be based on nurses' clinical specialty and experience.

Reporting Method

Reporting was guided by The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contributions were included as secondary data was used.
Genetic landscape of Romanian PPGLs
Authors: Lider‐Burciulescu Sofia‐Maria , Gheorghiu Monica , Braha Elena , Stanescu Laura Semonia , Patocs Attila , Badiu Corin
Published: December 2024

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumours that originate from chromaffin cells and occur in the adrenal medulla and in the sympathetic or parasympathetic ganglia. Nearly 70% of PPGLs result from germline or somatic mutations in a single driver gene. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic background and clinical characteristics related to genetic profile of patients with PPGLs from Romania. We retrospectively retrieved data of 125 patients consecutively registered, diagnosed with PPGLs in a tertiary referral center of endocrinology from Romania, between 1976 and 2022. We identified 88 (70.4%) women, and 37 (29.6%) men, with a mean age at diagnosis of 48.5 ± 15 years. From these 125 patients, 80 (64%) were submitted to the genomic study; 35% (n = 28) had a germline mutation (20 RET, 3 VHL, 1 SDHB, 1 NF1, 1 SDHD, 1 FANCA, 1 CASR) while 65% (n = 52) presented sporadic disease. Patients with hereditary disease had significantly lower age at diagnosis comparing to sporadic cases (37 ± 15 vs. 49.9 ± 12.2 years, p = 0.001). Bilateral tumors developed in twelve patients from the hereditary group. Metastatic disease was described in 4 out of 80 patients (2 of them with hereditary disease). Patients from sporadic group tended to have a right lateralisation of the tumour compared to hereditary cases, where the tumour was more often left sided. RET pathogenic variant (p.Cys634Trp) associated with MEN2A syndrome was the most prevalent in Romanian population with PPGLs and could be considered as a founder effect. Patients with hereditary disease are diagnosed at a younger age and develop bilateral tumors more frequently compared to sporadic cases.
Oral health care pathways for patients with epidermolysis bullosa: A position statement from the European reference network for rare skin diseases
Authors: Krämer S. , Hillebrecht A. L. , Bekes K. , Bücher K. , Clark V. , Haririan H. , Jakowski J. , Joseph C. , Meißner N. , Monteiro J. , Porter S. , Schilke R. , Veliz S. , Verhaeghe V. , Vinereanu A. , Bolling M. C. , Diem A. , Mellerio J. E. , Bodemer C. , Has C.
Published: December 2024

Background

Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a group of genetic disorders characterized by skin fragility and unique oral features. It requires interdisciplinary care from several health professionals, including oral health teams. Modern dentistry encompasses a wide range of therapeutic options performed by specialists from different fields.

Objective

To guide clinicians caring for patients with different types of EB to seek care from different dental services.

Methods

Dental treatment needs for patients with EB were identified based on a systematic literature review. A panel of experts was consulted and invited to provide additional information through an open‐ended question over 7 months. A Delphi study was applied over two rounds to the resulting pathways design. The threshold of consensus was set a priori at 75%. Patients' representatives revised the final document.

Results

The panel (n = 17) agreed on a total of 55 recommendations divided into six groups according to the severity of oral compromise in EB (52 recommendations were agreed on in round 1, and three were agreed on in round 2).

Conclusions

Dental care pathways are presented for each type of EB. Specific considerations are discussed according to clinical features, including age of first referral, frequency of follow‐up appointments, and list of dental specialties involved in the care of patients with EB.
Pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) Under Siege: Main Infectious Diseases and Their Role in Aquaculture and Wild Populations Amidst Environmental Change
Authors: Torres‐Martínez Aarón , Mancini Miguel , Grosman Fabian , Somoza Gustavo Manuel , Strüssmann Carlos Augusto
Published: December 2024

The pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) is a key species for recreational and commercial fisheries in Argentina and holds significant aquaculture potential. It has been introduced to various countries worldwide, including Japan, where intensive aquaculture has developed. However, infectious diseases present major challenges to its cultivation, as pejerrey is susceptible to diverse pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and parasites. The primary bacterial pathogens affecting pejerrey include the genera Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium (M. piscida). Fungal‐like pathogens such as Saprolegnia spp., and fungal pathogens such as Achyla racemosa and Fusarium species (F. solani and F. semitectum) are also prevalent. Additionally, pejerrey hosts external and internal parasites, primarily Lernaea cyprinacea and members of the genera Cangatiella, Gyrodactylus, Contracaecum and Diplostomum. This review explores the primary infectious diseases affecting pejerrey, focusing on their symptoms, epidemiology and causative pathogens, based on literature from multiple countries and languages. Although no new diseases have emerged, we have identified persistent challenges that have remained unsolved for decades, highlighting the need for further research. Understanding the biology and epidemiology of these pathogens is crucial for expanding the aquaculture of pejerrey. Moreover, we examine how environmental changes, such as global warming, pollution and alien species, may influence disease dynamics in wild populations, stressing the need for management measures to preserve this valuable resource.
Substantive Bias in Artificial Phonology Learning
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Do Youngah
Published: December 2024

This paper reviews the research on substantive bias in phonological learning since the publication of Moreton and Pater's paper on structure and substance in artificial phonology learning. The studies are categorised into vowel patterns, consonant patterns, and suprasegmental patterns. The review highlights advancements in experimental paradigms, a more precise definition of phonetic naturalness, and an expanded exploration of various phonological phenomena in the investigation of substantive bias over the past decade. Based on the review findings, we suggest that future research on the impact of substantive bias on phonological learning should include an examination of the articulatory and perceptual foundations of each phonological pattern, along with an analysis of the similarities in features, articulation, and perception.
Recent Origin of a Range‐Restricted Species With Subsequent Introgression in its Widespread Congener in the Phyteuma spicatum Group (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Larsson Dennis , Šarhanová Petra , Paun Ovidiu , Schneeweiss Gerald M.
Published: December 2024

Understanding the causes of restricted geographic distributions is of major interest to evolutionary and conservation biologists. Inferring historical factors has often relied on ad hoc interpretations of genetic data, and hypothesis testing within a statistical framework under different demographic scenarios remains underutilised. Using coalescent modelling on RAD‐sequencing data, we (i) test hypotheses about the origin of Phyteuma gallicum (Campanulaceae), a range‐restricted endemic of central France sympatric with its widespread congener Ph. spicatum, and (ii) date its origin, irrespective of its mode of origin, to test the hypothesis that the restricted range is due to a recent time of origin. The best supported model of origin is one of a dichotomous split of Ph. gallicum, confirmed as distinct species, and the Central European Ph. nigrum with subsequent gene flow between Ph. gallicum and Ph. spicatum. The split of Ph. gallicum and Ph. nigrum is estimated at 45–55,000 years ago. Coalescent modelling on genomic data not only clarified the mode of origin (dichotomous speciation instead of a previously hypothesised hybridogenic origin) but also identified recency of speciation as a sufficient, although likely not the sole, factor to explain the restricted distribution range. Coalescent modelling strongly improves our understanding of the evolution of range‐restricted species that are frequently of conservation concern, as is the case for Ph. gallicum.
Pleistocene Glaciation Drove Shared Population Coexpansion in Eastern North American Snakes
Authors: Harrington Sean , Overcast Isaac , Myers Edward A. , Burbrink Frank T.
Published: December 2024

Glacial cycles during the Pleistocene had profound impacts on local environments and climatic conditions. In North America, some regions that currently support diverse biomes were entirely covered by ice sheets, while other regions were environmentally unsuitable for the organisms that live there now. Organisms that occupy these regions in the present day must have expanded or dispersed into these regions since the last glacial maximum, leading to the possibility that species with similar geographic distributions may show temporally concordant population size changes associated with these warming trends. We examined 17 lineages from 9 eastern North American snake species and species complexes to test for a signal of temporally concordant coexpansion using a machine learning approach. We found that the majority of lineages show population size increases towards the present, with evidence for coexpansion in five out of fourteen lineages, while expansion in others was idiosyncratic. We also examined relationships between genetic distance and current environmental predictors and showed that genomic responses to environmental predictors are not consistent among species. We, therefore, conclude that Pleistocene warming resulted in population size increases in most eastern North American snake species, but variation in environmental preferences and other species‐specific traits results in variance in the exact timing of expansion.
Forest dynamics where typhoon winds blow
Authors: Chan Aland H. Y. , Jackson Toby D. , Law Ying Ki , Rau E‐Ping , Coomes David A.
Published: December 2024

Tropical cyclones (TCs) sporadically cause extensive damage to forests. However, little is known about how TCs affect forest dynamics in mountainous terrain, due to difficulties in modelling wind flows and quantifying structural changes. Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) was the strongest TC to strike Hong Kong in over 40 yr, with gusts > 250 km h−1. Remarkably, the event was captured by a dense anemometer network and repeated LiDAR surveys across natural forests and plantations.

We mapped long‐term mean and extreme wind speeds using CFD models and analysed corresponding changes in canopy height, which uncovered TC‐forest dynamics at unprecedented scales (> 400 000 pixels, 1108 km2).

Forest height was more strongly limited by wind exposure than by background topography, a limitation attributable to a dynamic equilibrium between growth and disproportionate TC damage to taller forests. Counterintuitively, wind‐sheltered forests also suffered heavy damage. As a result, canopies of wind‐sheltered forests were more rugged, which contrasted with flat‐topped forests at wind‐exposed sites. Plantations were more susceptible to TCs compared to natural rainforests of similar stature (canopy height change −0.86 m vs −0.39 m).

Our findings highlight TCs as important, often overlooked factor that fundamentally shapes forest structure and dynamics.
Gain of Protection Afforded by the Methoxypropylamino Cyclohexenylidene Ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (MCE) UVA1 Filter on Pigmentary and Aging Signs: An Outdoor 4‐Week Randomized, Intra‐Individual Comparative Study in 52 Brazilian Women
Authors: Mercurio Daiane G. , Flament Frederic , Muller Benoit , Bernerd Francoise , Josso Martin , Jager‐Lezer Nathalie , Delaunay Caroline , Passeron Thierry
Published: December 2024

Background

Conventional sunscreens shield the skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays up to 370 nm leaving wavelengths between 370 and 400 nm unfiltered despite their potentially harmful biological and clinical effects.

Objective

The beneficial effects of methoxypropylamino cyclohexenylidene ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (MCE) UVA1 filter were explored at 1% in a SPF50 sunscreen under outdoors summer conditions against pigmentation and aging signs compared against a reference SPF50 without the MCE filter.

Materials and Methods

A prospective randomized comparative intra‐individual study was conducted in 52 Brazilian women (phototype I–III). A hemiface application was performed for the SPF50 sunscreen with 1% MCE and SPF50 reference without MCE before 1‐h outdoor sunlight exposure, twice daily for 4 weeks. Study endpoint included expert panel grading of pigmentation (3), vascular (1) signs as well as facial skin ageing and assessment of facial skin radiance and skin homogeneity by a naïve panel.

Results

Significant differences were reported for all facial signs comparing areas protected with SPF50/MCE and SPF50, respectively: upper lip wrinkles, crow's feet wrinkles, upper lip texture, upper lip pigmentation, vascular abnormalities (all p < 0.0001), texture of the mouth contour (p = 0.001), ptosis of lower face (p = 0.003), lateral facial pigmentation (p = 0.005), and whole face pigmentation (p = 0.01). The evaluations performed by naïve panel showed a significant superiority of the SPF50/MCE product for skin homogeneity (p = 0.043).

Conclusion

Overall, this study demonstrates a significant gain of protection with the SPF50 containing 1% MCE in reducing hyperpigmentation, redness and aging signs compared to the same SPF50 sunscreen without MCE, thus supporting the need for an enlarged UVA1 photoprotection.
Modelling the severity–yield relationship for the late‐season disease complex in soybean small‐plot trials
Authors: Carvalho Ana Carolyne Costa de , Godoy Cláudia Vieira , Dias Alfredo Riciere , Mochko Ana Claudia Ruschel , Tormen Nédio Rodrigo , Debortoli Mônica Paula , Senger Marina , Stefanelo Maurício Silva , Meyer Maurício Conrado , Müller Mônica Anghinoni , Ascari João Paulo , Santos Jairo dos , Belufi Luana Maria de Rossi , Silva Luís Henrique Carregal Pereira da , Campos Hercules Diniz , Utiamada Carlos Mitinori , Tomen Alana , Grigolli José Fernando Jurca , Sichocki Diego , Martins Mônica Cagnin , Del Ponte Emerson Medeiros
Published: December 2024

A meta‐analytical approach was employed to assess the relationship between late‐season disease (LSD) severity and soybean yield across 39 field trials conducted from 2020/21 to 2023/24 in nine Brazilian states. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and Fisher's transformation (Z) were calculated to examine the association between disease severity and yield. Additionally, random‐ and mixed‐effects meta‐analyses were performed to estimate the intercept (β0) and slope (β1) of the linear regression model. Disease pressure, yield class, region, altitude and year were included as categorical moderators. The damage coefficient (in percentage) was calculated from β0 and β1 values, while the economic damage threshold (EDT) was derived using the estimated damage coefficient, attainable yield and fungicide efficacy values. A strong negative correlation between LSD severity and yield was observed (Z = −1.03, r = −0.77). The population average estimates for β0 and β1 were 4589.0 kg/ha and −22.6 kg/ha per unit increase in severity, respectively (p < 0.001). While none of the categorical moderators significantly affected the slope (p > 0.19), disease pressure, yield class and altitude significantly affected the intercept (p < 0.014). The overall relative damage coefficient was estimated at −0.49% (95% CI = −0.61 to −0.38), with EDT values ranging from 0.41% to 4.33% (mean = 1.57%). In conclusion, a significant negative linear relationship between soybean yield and LSD severity was confirmed, particularly for Cercospora leaf blight and Septoria brown spot. However, these relationships should be validated further before being extrapolated to larger field scales.
Redesign of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiQB binding niche reveals photosynthesis works in the absence of a driving force for QA‐QB electron transfer
Authors: Lambreva Maya D. , Zobnina Veranika , Antal Taras K. , Peeva Violeta N. , Giardi Maria Teresa , Bertalan Ivo , Johanningmeier Udo , Virtanen Olli , Ray Mithila , Mulo Paula , Polticelli Fabio , Tyystjärvi Esa , Rea Giuseppina
Published: December 2024

An in silico redesign of the secondary quinone electron acceptor (QB) binding pocket of the D1 protein of Photosystem II (PSII) suggested that mutations of the F265 residue would affect atrazine binding. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants F265T and F265S were produced to obtain atrazine‐hypersensitive strains for biosensor applications, and the mutants were indeed found to be more atrazine‐sensitive than the reference strain IL. Fluorescence and thermoluminescence data agree with a weak driving force and confirm slow electron transfer but cannot exclude an additional effect on protonation of the secondary quinone. Both mutants grow autotrophically, indicating that PSII requires strong light for optimal function, as was the case in the ancestral homodimeric reaction center.
Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the mechanisms by which H2S improves energy and nitrogen metabolism in tall fescue under low‐light stress
Authors: Li Hanyu , Long Si , Yu Yize , Ran Shuqi , Gong Jiongjiong , Zhu Tianqi , Xu Yuefei
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) functions as a signaling molecule affecting plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a bioenergy crop, encounters significant challenges in agricultural production owing to low light by shading. However, the influence of H2S on tall fescue under low light stress (LLS) remains unclear. To examine the role of H2S in acclimation of tall fescue to low light, we conducted combined analyses of physiological traits, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. These results showed that H2S mitigated LLS‐induced inhibition of photosynthesis and maintained normal chloroplast ultrastructure by boosting the expression of photosynthesis‐related genes, including PsbQ, PsbR, PsaD, PsaK, and PetH, thereby enhancing the synthesis of carbohydrates (sucrose, starch). H2S upregulated the expression of key genes (PFK, PK, IDH, G6PD) connected to glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway to promote carbon metabolism and ensure the supply of carbon skeletons and energy required for nitrogen metabolism. H2S application reverted the LLS‐induced accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and the changes in the key nitrogen metabolism enzymes glutamate synthase (GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.13), nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2), thus promoting amino acid decomposition to produce proteins involved in nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen use efficiency as well as specialized metabolism. Ultimately, H2S upregulated the C/N ratio of tall fescue, balanced its carbon and nitrogen metabolism, enhanced shade tolerance, and increased biomass. These results provided new insights into enhancing plant resilience under LLS.
The Staging of American Muslim Comedy
Authors: Thonnart Morgane
Published: December 2024

This article explores how American Muslim comedy is situated and constructed at the intersections of Orientalist tropes, racial projects, secular ideologies, gender discourses, and umma paradigms. This article unpacks the different histories and genealogies of the genre, and encourages the reader to attend to its polysemy and polymorphism. Drawing upon Hall and Sayyid, this article argues that the notion of “Muslim comedy” is multifaceted, elastic and shifting. It introduces the reader to some of the many voices and trajectories since Preacher Moss' pioneering work at the turn of the 21st century. Furthermore, this article shows how the increasing academic interest in Muslim comedy fits in the current study of Islam in America and how it might further the study of religion and humor in the United States.
Rapid Economic Growth but Rising Poverty Segregation: Will Vietnam Meet the SDGs for Equitable Development?
Authors: Dang Hai‐Anh H. , Dhongde Shatakshee , Do Minh N. N. , Nguyen Cuong Viet , Pimhidzai Obert
Published: December 2024

Vietnam is widely regarded as a success story for its impressive economic growth and poverty reduction in the last few decades. Yet, recent evidence indicates that the country's economic growth has not been uniform. Compiling and analyzing new extensive province‐level data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys (VHLSSs) spanning 2002 and 2020 and other data sources, we find within‐province inequality to be much larger than between‐province inequality. Furthermore, this inequality gap is rising over time. Despite the country's fast poverty reduction, the poor were increasingly segregated in certain provinces, particularly those with a larger ethnic minority population. We find beneficial impact of economic growth on poverty reduction, but this can depend on inequality levels. We also find greater inequality to have negative effects on economic growth but varying negative effects on different poverty indicators. We also find some supportive evidence for the beneficial impact of economic transitions from agriculture to non‐agriculture. Our results suggest that policy makers in Vietnam should focus on reducing spatial disparities and income inequality to attain sustainable economic development.
The Teichichnus Ichnofacies: Its neoichnological basis and identification in the rock record
Authors: Gingras Murray K. , MacEachern James A. , Dashtgard Shahin E. , Bann Kerrie L.
Published: December 2024

Research on the ichnology of brackish‐water environments began in the 1930s and has led to the identification of predictable infaunal patterns. Brackish‐water deposits characteristically display low‐diversity tracefossil assemblages consisting of both vertical and horizontal structures. These salinity‐reduced ecosystems are dominated by opportunistic euryhaline‐tolerant species. Osmoregulation‐related selective pressures lead to decreased diversity and an abundance of infaunal organisms. In environments with fluctuating or low salinity, fauna adopt r‐selected strategies and are characterized by rapid colonization dynamics, high population densities, elevated mortality rates and low‐diversity assemblages. Tides in brackish‐water settings contribute a plentiful food supply with tidal currents transporting marine‐sourced and terrestrially sourced organic matter that settles on the sediment–water interface during slack‐water periods. This increased food availability favours trophic generalists using various feeding strategies to exploit both intrastratal and surficial food resources. The ichnological characteristics of modern and ancient brackish‐water strata are used to propose the Teichichnus Ichnofacies; they are temporally and spatially recurrent and reflect the biology of brackish‐water settings. The Teichichnus Ichnofacies is recognized by reduced trace‐fossil diversity, smaller trace sizes, dominance of structures reflecting trophic generalist behaviours, sporadic distributions of ichnofossils, locally high bioturbation intensities and opportunistic colonization. This ichnofacies is characterized by trace fossils interpreted to be associated with surface deposit feeding, intrastratal deposit feeding and subordinate filter feeding.
African diasporas in Australia: Christianity and the complicated matter of trust
Authors: Rocha Cristina , Openshaw Kathleen
Published: December 2024

Christianity plays a foundational role in many communities in sub‐Saharan Africa. As migrants from the African continent arrive in Australia, the usual roles of religion (i.e., connecting to the spiritual world and strengthening community) become even more pronounced. Churches become trusted support institutions for settlement. Here, we consider the complexities of trust for Christian African migrants as they negotiate settlement in Australia. For them, relationships of trust within their own communities and with Australian society at large are situated, ambivalent, and contingent. Indeed, for this cohort, trust is both powerful and fragile. We argue that in order to overcome the uncertainties of life, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic, they mobilise Christianity as a way of establishing trust. Overall, this paper calls for greater scholarly attention to how relationships of trust are established and negotiated in daily life among migrants, and particularly to the role of religion in this process.
Enhanced oxygen availability and preserved aggregative function in platelet concentrates stored at reduced platelet concentration
Authors: Nash Jamie , Pym Dean , Davies A. , Saunders Christine , George Chloe , Williams J. O. , Grinberg O. Y. , James Philip E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Storage of platelets as platelet concentrates for transfusion is limited to 7 days in the United Kingdom due to deleterious effects on platelet quality and function that occur over time. Oxygen (O2) availability and sufficient gaseous exchange are known to be essential in maintaining the viability and function of platelets stored for transfusion. Despite this, there is a paucity of studies undertaking direct measures of O2 and optimization of conditions throughout storage. We address this and modulate the storage conditions to improve platelet quality and function.

Study Design and Methods

Electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry was implemented to directly measure the [O2] experienced by stored platelet concentrates and the O2 consumption rate under standard blood banking conditions. From these direct measures the mathematical modeling was then applied to predict the main parameters contributing to effective O2 distribution throughout the unit.

Results

This study demonstrates reducing the storage [O2] to reflect near physiological levels significantly alters O2 distribution within the unit and negatively impacts platelet functionality and quality, and therefore is not a viable storage option.

Discussion

We show the reduction of platelet concentration within a unit improves O2 availability and pH, promotes a more uniform distribution of O2 throughout prolonged storage, and maintains platelet agonist‐induced aggregation comparable to 100% platelet concentration. This may be a viable option and could potentially lead to reduced donor demand.
Preserved force control by the digits via minimal sparing of cortico‐spinal connectivity after stroke
Authors: Urbin Michael A. , Liu Fang , Moon Chan Hong
Published: December 2024

The ability to regulate finger forces is critical for manipulating objects during everyday tasks but is impaired after damage to white matter tracts that transmit motor commands into the spinal cord. This study examines cortico‐spinal connectivity required for force control by the digits after neurological injury. We report on a unique case of a stroke survivor who retained the ability to control finger forces at a level comparable to neurologically intact adults despite extensive loss of white matter volume and severely compromised transmission from cortical motor areas onto the final common pathway. Using a combination of imaging methods and noninvasive stimulation techniques, we illustrate the structure and function of a slow‐conducting, cortico‐spinal pathway minimally spared by stroke that underlies this stroke survivor's ability to transition and stabilize finger forces of the paretic hand during precision grip. We interpret findings in the context of physiological mechanisms underlying distal limb control and current thinking on neural adaptation after brain injury due to stroke.
Physical activity and joint health: Implications for knee osteoarthritis disease pathophysiology and mechanics
Authors: Morgan Karl , Carter Joshua , Cazzola Dario , Walhin Jean‐Philippe
Published: December 2024

Knee osteoarthritis is experienced by hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is a major cause of disability. Although enhancing physical activity levels and the participation in exercise programmes has been proved to improve the debilitating illness of osteoarthritis, many do not engage in recommended levels of physical activity. One of the reported barriers to exercise engagement is the perception that physical activity can damage joint health and is attributed to the incorrect perception of ‘wear and tear’. We posit that these perceptions arise from uncertainty and ambiguity generated from conflicting research findings. In this review, we explore the complex relationship between knee osteoarthritis and physical activity. We demonstrate how factors contribute to the uncertainty around the effects of physical activity on joint tissue metabolism, structure and function. The aim of this review is to demonstrate how a nuanced approach to the relationship between physical activity and knee osteoarthritis can help to dispel misconceptions, leading to better management strategies and improved quality of life for patients.
Collaborative Management of Postdiscitis Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in a Young Collegiate Athlete: A Type IV Case Report
Authors: Froom Ryan J. , Martin Brandie M. , Evans Thos A.
Published: December 2024

A 19-year-old female collegiate volleyball player with a history of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection resulting in discitis and osteomyelitis at L4–L5 and a pars interarticularis fracture at L5 presented with chronic low back pain. Initial conservative treatments failed to alleviate her symptoms. She underwent bilateral L4–L5 transforaminal epidural steroid injections, resulting in significant pain relief and improved functionality. Postinjection outcomes included a reduction in disability and enhanced physical and mental health scores. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and interdisciplinary management in preventing long-term sequelae of discitis in athletes, highlighting the role of athletic trainers in facilitating comprehensive care.
Wearable equipment-based telemedical management via multiparameter monitoring on cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients with chronic coronary heart disease: an open-labelled, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Lu Tingting , Cao Ruihua , Wang Yujia , Kong Xiaoxuan , Wang Huiquan , Sun Guanghua , Gao Shan , Wang Yabin , Yuan Yuan , Shen Xiaoying , Fan Li , Ren Jun , Cao Feng
Published: December 2024

Background

The prevalence of chronic coronary heart diseases (CHDs) increases with age in the elderly, which represents one of the top-ranked causes of death and disease burden.

Methods

This study aimed to investigate the management efficiency of telemedicine based on the remote multiparameter monitoring in elderly patients with CHD. A total of 1248 elderly patients diagnosed with CHD were enrolled. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, wearable equipment-based telemedical management (WTM) group and traditional follow-up management (TFM) group. Face-to-face clinical interview at least once every 2 months was required in TFM group to collect the medical records. Patients in WTM group were provided with wearable equipment to complete remote monitoring, real-time alerts and health intervention via virtual consultations and remote medication recommendations.

Results

The mean age of patients in WTM group and TFM group was 71.1 (68.0–82.0) years and 71.0 (68.0–81.0) years, respectively‏. After a 12-month management, patients in WTM group presented a lower occurrence of hospitalisation (HR 0.59, 95% CI=0.47 to 0.73, p<0.0001) and major adverse cardiac events (HR 0.60, 95% CI=0.44 to 0.82, p=0.0012) compared with patients in TFM group.

Conclusion

The multiparameter telemedical management could help with the out-of-hospital management and reduce the incidence of rehospitalisation in elderly patients with CHD.