bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on the effects of groundnut shell ash on strength characteristics of soil
Authors: O. Ajala M. , J. Akinyede K. , O. Adunoye G. , J. Akintola I.
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the effect of groundnut shell ash (GSA) on the strength of selected lateritic soils, with a view to determining the optimum percentage of GSA that will give the best strength properties of the soils. Soil samples were collected from two different borrow pits and identified as sample A and sample B respectively. Preliminary tests (Natural moisture content, specific gravity, grain size analysis, Atterberg limit) and engineering tests (compaction and unsoaked California bearing ratio (CBR)) were conducted on the soil samples in their natural state. GSA was then added to the soils at 2 %, 4 % and 6 % proportions. Atterberg limits, compaction and unsoaked CBR tests were conducted for each addition of GSA. The results showed that there was much improvement in the properties of the soils, with values of plasticity index (PI) reducing from 23.02 % (at 0 % GSA) to 12.55 % (at 6 % GSA) for sample A; and 35.14 % (at 0 % GSA) to 2..54 % (at 6 % GSA) for sample B. It was also observed that addition of GSA generally caused reduction in optimum moisture content (OMC) with an increase in corresponding maximum dry density (MDD). For sample A the maximum value of unsoaked CBR (17 %) was obtained at 2 % GSA, while for sample B, maximum CBR value (4 %) was obtained at 4 % GSA. It was concluded that GSA could be used to significantly improve the strength of lateritic soil.
Alkaline rocks of the northern part of Birnin Gwari schist belts, northwestern Nigeria: provenance and evolution
Authors: O. Oluyede Kehinde
Published: January 2022

Rocks of the northern part of Birnin Gwari schist belt is underlain predominantly by (i) banded gneiss of dioritic and granodioritic composition and granitic gneisses; (ii) biotite-staurolite quartz schist; and (iii) syn-tectonic biotite hornblende (quartzolite - BHG) granite, biotite granite (BG), and biotite-muscovite granite (BMG). Banded gneiss rocks are of hybrid sedimentaryâ€“igneous protoliths; their pelitic and mafic protoliths were derived essentially from a quartz-diorite, granodiorite and granite-quartz monzonite source. Metasediments are enriched in SiO2 (63.03 to 65.13 wt %), with moderately elevated Al2O3 (15.4 â€“ 15.16 wt %) values and depleted in Ba, V, W, La, Nb, Nd, Rb, Th and Zr trace elements; inherited from shale-greywacke sedimentary protoliths. Cogenetic syn-tectonic granites display similar trace elements and REE patterns, with diverse trends such as â€œnormalâ€, â€œanomalousâ€ and â€œstrongly differentiatedâ€ and characterized by LILE enrichment, high LREE fractionation factor (La/Yb of 6.74 to 45.14) with weak to moderate negative Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.38 to 0.62) and strong negative Nb, P and Ti anomalies. The belt consists of rocks with alkaline affinity and evolved as back arc behind subducted Pan-African plate due effect of compressional forces and differentiation of quartz diorite, granodioritic and granite-quartz monzonite magma and partial melting of crustal components inherited from shale-greywacke sedimentary protoliths in volcanic arc and post collisional settings. The precursor of these rocks originated from basalt of depleted mantle that differentiated progressively to the granite.Â Â Â
Petrographic and geochemical study of Doua granitoids (adamawa-yade domain, center Cameroon): Petrogenesis and geodynamic implication
Authors: Diguim Kepnamou Amadou , Seguem Naimou , Mama NtoumbÃ© , Adama Adama Dairou Amaya , Bienvenu Bello , Kalaza Josue Haskandi , Wangmene Salomon 5, Ngounouno Ismaila AwÃ© , Ismaila Ngounouno
Published: January 2022

The region Doua is located in the central area or Adamawa-Yade domain of the Pan-African fold belt in Cameroon. This work focuses on the petrography and geochemistry of granitoids in this region. The study area is made up of plutonic rocks (amphibole and biotite granite, biotite and muscovite granite, syeno-diorite, syenite. The geochemical study of the granitoids in the area shows that the rocks are magnesian and slightly iron-bearing, potassic to hyper-potassic calc - alkaline, metaluminous and belongs to type I granitoids. The profiles of the rare earths (REE) show a negative anomaly in Eu. The multi-element spectra show positive anomalies, or negative anomalies for some samples in Ba and Negative anomalies in Nb-Ta, Sr and Ti. The process which led to the formation of these rocks is fractional crystallization. These rocks are setup in a syn-collisional subduction environment (volcanic arc granitoids).Â Â Â
Machine learning approach to hydrocarbon zone prediction from seismic attributes over â€œGEMâ€ field, Niger-Delta, Nigeria
Authors: O. Oshogbunu Fredrick , A. Enikanselu Pius
Published: January 2022

A computer programme (in Python language) was developed for the generation and performance assessment of predictive models, capable of combining relevant seismic attributes for reliable hydrocarbon zone prediction ahead of drilling. It attempts to resolve the problem of making accurate and efficient interpretations from a large database of derived seismic attributes. The research utilized post-stack 3D seismic volume for the delineation of structures and the generation of seismic attributes. Six faults were identified across the mapped horizons. Five seismic attributes were generated and exported from 3D seismic data as numerical values for machine learning analysis. The binary cross-entropy classification metric was used to evaluate the performance of the developed predictive models while an individual seismic attribute (Maximum Amplitude and Extract value) map was used to validate the predictive models. A correlation of well depth-to-top of selected horizons with the seismic depth slice surface was used for further model validation. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model results enhanced the visibility of the other five hydrocarbon prediction zones. The MLP predictive model map gave higher precision of the predicted hydrocarbon zones over the Self-Organising Map (SOM) predictive model, thus reinforcing the confidence level of the former.Â Â Â Â
Resistances of Infinite Electrical Networks
Authors: Looney Ryan , Wang Lianwen
Published: January 2022

It is interesting to find the equivalent resistance between two nodes of an infinite electrical network. In this paper, we consider an infinite electrical network that can be described as a series of squares whose edges are resistors with resistance $R$ and whose corresponding vertices are joinedÂ  successively byÂ  resistors with resistance $R$ as well. Our major work is to find the equivalent resistance between the diagonal vertices of the base square of this infinite network. First, we apply the techniques of balanced bridges and symmetry of voltages to convert each iteration of the network to a parallel circuit that includes the previous iteration. Then, we evaluate the equivalent resistance of each iteration of the network and derive a recursive sequence of equivalent resistances with iterations. After that, we prove that the recursive sequence is convergent using the contraction theorem in real analysis. Finally, we claim that the limit of the recursive sequence is the equivalent resistance of the infiniteÂ  network.
Mathematical Model for False Codling Moth Control Using Pheromone Traps
Authors: Ochwach Jimrise , O. Okongo Mark , M. Muraya Moses
Published: January 2022

False codling moth (FCM) is regarded as the most significant indigenous pest. Over 70 host plants are attacked by larval, many of which are horticultural crops with fruit, pods, and berries, such as beans, grapes, citrus, capsicum, avocado, guava, pomegranate, and ornamental plants. They eat macadamia nuts, cotton, tea, and a variety of other wild plants as well. Female moths are drawn to the flower heads as well as other parts of the plant, making this pest especially problematic on roses grown for cut flowers. Therefore, controlling this pest is of importance. For more effective control, pheromone traps are used to capture males attracted to the artificial pheromone. In this study, mathematical model of FCM control using pheromone trap is developed. The model, is based on biological and ecological assumptions, and is governed by an ODE system. The coexistence and pest free equilibria is determined through a theoretical analysis. The theoretical analysis of the model allows for the identification of pheromone threshold values that are practical for field applications. We show that there is a threshold above which the global asymptotic stability of the trivial equilibrium is guaranteed. Finally, we demonstrate the theoretical results through numerical experiments.
Alternative form of the Gelfand Levitan equation
Authors: Kincanon Eric
Published: January 2022

This paper presents an alternative form of the Gelfand-Levitan Equation. By assuming a particular form of the spectral measure function and the potential kernel, an equation relating the potential and the reflection coefficient is found. This equation has an advantage over the Gelfand-Levitan Equation in that it can be solved without using iterative methods. The validity of the equation is demonstrated by looking at a singular and non-singular potential.Â Â
Challenges experienced by cancer patients receiving treatment at Oshakati oncology clinic, Oshana region, Namibia
Authors: Mulenga Ester , Mutanga Elise
Published: January 2022

People living with cancer encounter different problems; some are related to their diagnoses and treatment. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the challenges experienced by cancer patients receiving treatment at Oshakati oncology clinic in Namibia. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted using purposive sampling and twelve patients diagnosed with different types of cancer were interviewed using unstructured individual in-depth interview. Data were transcribed verbatim and Tesch `s method was used to analyze the data.The study revealed multifaceted challenges which include physical constraints such as physical ailments, long distance to health facilities and excessive travelling; financial and resource constraints as well as other challenges such as negative attitudes of health workers, poor communication and inadequate provision of information to patients. The study concluded that understanding those challenges will assist the government, private sectors, non- governmental organization and health workers to come up with intervention strategies to support cancer patients effectively. The study recommends the need to decentralize oncology services and to provide in-service training to the health workers working with patients living with cancer.Â Â
Loglinear Modeling of Academic Performance Data
Authors: Temilola Bolarinwa Bushirat , Adewale Bolarinwa Ismaila
Published: January 2022

The focus of this article was to fit a hierarchical loglinear model to data on academic performance. Data on gender, university attended for B.Sc., B.Sc. and M.Sc. grades of 116 M.Sc. graduates were collected from Department of Statistics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Model estimation was carried out by iterative proportional fitting method. Likelihood ratio statistic was utilized for goodness of fit test. The final model generating class contained University, Gender, and B.Sc.*M.Sc., and in harmony with the principle of hierarchy, also contained B.Sc. and M.Sc. grades. Significant interaction was found between B.Sc. and M.Sc. grades only. All other 2-factor and all 3-factor interactions were found not to be significant. Thus, M.Sc. grade was neither associated with gender and university nor with their interaction. The likelihood ratio statistic with p-value of 0.722 suggested model adequacy. The study concluded that only B.Sc. grade was associated with M.Sc. grade obtained by students on graduation. The need to extend study to other departments in the University was recommended.Â Â Â
The effects of maternal and paternal exposure to tramadol on rat prenatal foetuses
Authors: R.M El-Balshy , M.E Zowail , E. H Nafie , S.H Abou-Bakr
Published: January 2022

The presented study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of tramadol on the prenatal foetuses of rat at 20th day of gestation. The animals were divided into five groups; Control group (C), received saline orally; G1administered with (1/6 LD50; 50 mg/kg); G2 was given (1/10 of LD50; 30 mg/kg) and G3& G4 were treated with low doses of tramadol (1/50 of LD50; 6 mg/kg) and (1/100 of LD50; 3 mg/kg) respectively. Males and females were administered with tramadol for 7 days before mating, then they mate with each other and pregnant females continued treatment with tramadol to the 20th day of gestation. Tramadol significantly decreased body weight and length of foetuses and increased percentage of dead foetuses. Besides the early death of foetuscs which become resorbed during the gestation period, few foetuses died at the end of gestation period and remain as stillbirth. The percentage of mortality of resorbed foetuses and sillbirth is generally increased in the treated groups. Tramadol treatment caused retarded ossification of some bones and shortness of others. Numerous histopathological changes were detected in liver, kidneys, and lungs of the parentally treated foetuses rat tissues.Â Â
Covid 19 occupational or environmental hazard or both?
Authors: Kiran Kumar N. Dr. , Savitha B Naik Dr. , Laxmi Priya C. H. Dr. , Pavithra  Prabakara Dr. , Annapoorna B. S. Dr. , Arun Kumar R. V. Dr.
Published: January 2022

Covid -19 has taken a huge toll on health care sector. Many health care workers (HCWs) fall susceptible to this pandemic infection leading to occupational health hazard. It also has significantly changed the practice of dentistry. Importance of personal protective equipment cannot be enough stressed upon in present scenario due to uncertainity of vaccine availability and efficacy. Major role in protection of health care workers is played by face masks and respirators. Due to crisis in present scenario, there has been an acute shortage of masks though the production has been upregulated. Also due to increased production of masks, it has posed a significant environmental hazard. This review aims to summarize different types of masks available, their effectiveness and optimization of usage of masks to derive adequate protection thus preventing occupational health hazard with emphasis on eco-friendly masks for a better environmental safety.Â Â Â
Telescopic double crowns in prosthodontics
Authors: Kara Recep
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to classify the types of telescopic prostheses that protect natural teeth as an alternative to traditional removable prostheses, and to explain their advantages, disadvantages, indications and clinical significance in order to minimize the problems of removable dentures. Telescopic prostheses consist of an inner (primary) crown permanently cemented to an abutment and an outer (secondary) crown attached to the prosthesis. Primary crowns protect the abutment from bruises and thermal irritation, and also provide retention and stabilization of the secondary crown. The secondary crown combines the primary crown with the prosthesis to form a telescopic unit, providing prosthetic retention and stability.Â Â
Creating smiles the lip repositioning way a case report
Authors: Nikhila Chandramohan Dr. , Lalith Vivekanand Dr. , Swetha A Dr. , Faiza Fathima Dr.
Published: January 2022

A beautiful smile comprises a perfect balance of the white and pink. A gummy smile has been a prevalent esthetic disorder with varied etiologies including of skeletal, dento-alveolar, or soft-tissue origin. It can be managed by a variety of treatment modalities after appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning. If it is due to jaw deformities, altered passive eruption or tooth malpositioning, the corrective measures incorporate orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment. However, this requires hospitalization and entails significant discomfort. Lip repositioning is a simple and predictable technique that restricts the muscle pull of the elevator lip muscles thereby reducing the gingival display. This case report demonstrates the successful management of a young patient with moderate gummy smile using the conventional LR surgery thereby proving to be a promising alternative that is less invasive in nature and with minimal postop complications. At 6 months, the results were stable.Â Â Â
Hybrid compression-encryption-watermarking image algorithm based on the quaternionic wavelets transform (QWT)
Authors: Ndongo HervÃ© Abena , Ebassa Bertrand Ledoux Eloundou , Malobe Paul Abena , Alexendre Noura
Published: January 2022

In this article, we present a robust new hybrid algorithm combining successive compression, chaotic encryption, and blind watermarking images based on the quaternionic wavelets transform (QWT) to ensure the fast, simple and secure transfer of digital data. The calculations of the various evaluation parameters were carried out with the aim of determining the robustness of our algorithm against certain attacks. The results obtained of the reconstructed images before and after attacks of the compressed-encrypted-watermarked images are appreciated by calculating the evaluation parameters values and by the human visual system. The application of this hybrid algorithm on CFA images al-lowed us to obtain a stand-alone transmission system and ensure the integrity of digital data.Â Â Â
Role of bilateral internal iliac artery ligation in controlling refractory post partum hemorrhage
Authors: Jamil Samia , Munir Sara , Amin Javeria , Nourin Shazia , . Alia , E huma Zill , Saeed Khokhar Hamza , Ul Moazzam Sultan , Sohail Afzal Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Background: Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a life threatening emergency that needs to be managed timely. Refractory PPH is treated surgically. Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation is one of the surgical procedures performed to control bleeding.Objective: We analyzed the effectiveness of Bilateral IIAL in controlling bleeding in PPHMethodology: It was a retrograde cross-sectional study conducted at Lady Aitchison hospital, Lahore from data during January 2018 to December 2020. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, data of patient including demographics, history, examination, ultrasound, procedure details and post-operative complications were recorded. All the data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0.Results: All the patients (44) survived and success rate was 100 %. Uterine atony was present in 29 (65.9%) patients as a cause of PPH, placental abnormality, uterine rupture and coagulopathy in 7(15, 9), 4 (9.1%) and 4 (9.1%) patients respectively. 17 patients did not develop any complication. Most common Post-operative complication was wound infection (22.75%) followed by pneumonia (20.5%), paralytic ileus (9.1%) and DIC with renal failure (9.1%).Conclusion: Bilateral IIAL was found to be an effective and preferred life saving procedure, preserving fertility.Â Â Â
A ½ spin fiber model for the electron
Authors: Markoulakis Emmanouil , Antonidakis Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

The Standard Model and Quantum Mechanics studies the quantum world as a collection of probabilistically interacting particles and does not tell us what a single isolated particle like the electron is, thus its intrinsic detailed field mechanics and how these are generating its intrinsic property values like charge, spin, magnetic moment and handedness. We herein are translating these intrinsic physical properties of the electron to a novel 4-dimensional (i.e. three spatial plus one temporal) fiber spinor and showing their possible deeper correlation and interconnection combined under a single energy manifold. From physical quantum emulation observations, mathematical analysis and Wolfram Alpha parametric polar simulations and mathematical 4D animations we calculated a fiber model for the dressed bare mass electromagnetic field of the electron that results to all of its known measured intrinsic properties. Therefore our model is an intrinsic mechanics model for the electron at rest and shows the possibility that the elementary electron although it has no inner sub-particles, it can posses a specific energy flux manifold. Why an electron is actually a Â½ spin geometry, twisted photon. The fine structure constant is explained as a topological feature, proportionality constant, embedded inside our proposed fiber model for the electron. Our novel fiber model opens up a new door on theoretical intrinsic mechanics physics of elementary particles beyond the Standard Model.Â
Determination of yearly performance and degradation rate of electrical parameters of amorphous silicon photovoltaic module in Minna, Nigeria
Authors: Samuel Oluwatobi Matthew , Joel Aghaegbunam Ezenwora , Julia  Ofure Eichie , SaliuOlakanmi Alilu , Aliyu Ahmadu
Published: January 2022

There is need for accurate knowledge of degradation rate and lifespan of photovoltaic (PV) module in every location for an effective solar PV power system. Outdoor degradation analysis was carried out on amorphous silicon PV module rated 10 W using CR1000 software-based Data Acquisition System (DAS). The PV module under test and meteorological Sensors were installed on a metal support structure at the same test plane. The data monitoring was from 09:00 to 18:00 hours each day continuously for a period of four years, from December 2014 to November 2018. Annual yearly averages of the performance variables were carried out to ascertain the degradation rate and lifespan of the module. The module performance for the four years of study was compared with Standard Test Condition (STC) specifications. The maximum power achieved at 1000W/m2 for the four years of study were 0.652W, 2.186W, 2.078W, and 1.812W representing 6.52%, 21.86%, 20.78% and 18.12%of the manufacturerâ€™s 10W specification. Module efficiency at 1000W/m2 for the four years of study is 2.25%, 7.56%, 7.19%, and 6.27% respectively as against the manufacturers STC specification of 33%. Accordingly, Module Performance Ratios for the PV module investigated were 0.07, 0.23, 0.22 and 0.19 respectively. For the Rate of Degradation (RoD), it was observed that Open-Circuit voltage (Voc), Short-Circuit Current (Isc), Power-Output (P), Maximum Power (Pmax), had an average yearly degradation rate of 0.73V, 0.010A, 0.040W, 0.050W respectively for the four years of study. To also determine the lifespan of the module, an empirically determined statistical model given as YEAR = 3.36 - 0.237 Voc (v) - 71.5 Isc (A) + 8.07 Power (W) was fitted to the observed data to predict the lifetime of the module at any given year.Â
Concentrations and health risks assessment of heavy metals in cigarettes within Baghdad city
Authors: M. Haleem Azhar , A. Amin Sahar
Published: January 2022

The risks associated with smoking can be due to the inhalation of toxic substances like heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that can be released during tobacco burns. In the present study we measured lead Pb and three other metals (cadmium Cd; Chrome Cr; and Zinc Zn) by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). In a twenty-five brands of cigarettes, assessing potential related health risks estimated intakes of these metals. The Related Cancer Risk (RCR) and Average Daily Intake (ADI) were calculated. The results revealed that the average values of Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn concentrations were (4.56, 0.39, 3.31 and 1.36) Î¼g/g respectively. The total value of these four metals is greater than the range of cancer risk specified by USEPA.Â Â
Generalized models of flow of a fluid with pressure-dependent viscosity through porous channels: channel entry conditions
Authors: .S.Abu Zaytoon M. , H.Hamdan M. , (Lisa) Xiao Yiyun
Published: January 2022

The flow of fluids with pressure-dependent viscosity in free-space and in porous media is considered in this study. The interest is to employ the physical model of flow through a porous layer down an inclined plane in order to derive velocity expressions that can be used as entry conditions in the study of two-dimensional flows through free-space and through porous channels. The generalized equations of Darcy, Forchheimer and Brinkman are used in this work.Â Â
Periodic wave analysis to the time-fractional phi-four and (2+1) dimensional CBS equations
Authors: Nahar Ananna Samsun , Al â€“ Mamun Abdulla , An Tianqing
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we investigate some innovative and exact travelling wave solutions to the time-fractional phi-four equation and the (2+1) dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlanskil schilf (CBS) equation using the ( )-expansion method. Periodic solutions are displayed in hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational function solutions. Subsequently, we construct some new solutions connecting the free parameters of the phi-four equation and the CBS equation, which are characterized into three complete forms: rational function, trigonometric function, and hyperbolic functions. Graphical representations of some attained solutions are also presented in this article. Hence, this study shows the efficiency and the easiness of the ( )-expansion technique with the assistance of emblematically computational software MATLAB and Mathematica.Â Â
Facial Recognition Using a Lightweight Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Hiebert Jonathan , Mazhar Feezan , Derosa Micahl , Sheta Alaa
Published: January 2022

Current facial recognition systems are still far away from the capability of the humanâ€™s face perception. Facial recognition systems can continue to be improved as technology evolves. The task of face recognition has been heavily explored in recent years. In this research, we provide our initial idea in developing Lightweight Deep Neural Networks for facial recognition. Although our goal was to create an optimal model that would exceed current facial recognition model performance, we could experiment and discover alternative approaches to multi-class facial recognition/classification. We tested with a dataset of 2800 images of men and women with specified image sizes. We created three CNN with various architectures, which we used to train with the chosen dataset for 20, 50, 100, and 200 classes per model. The experimental results exhibit the challenges of increasing the complexity of neural networks. From these results, we concluded that a Light CNN Model with a small number of layers had an average test accuracy of 94.19%, which was the best classification performance on unseen data.
Therapeutic Proposal of the Oral Manifestations of the Tourette Syndrome. A Case Report
Authors: Carmona Lorduy Martha , Pupo Marrugo Stella , Ruiz Tobon Tatiana
Published: January 2022

El síndrome de Tourette (ST) es un trastorno neurológico-conductual crónico que comienza en la infancia y la adolescencia. Su característica principal es la emisión de múltiples tics motores y fónicos de distinto tipo y complejidad. Se asocian a vocalizaciones involuntarias (ecolalia, coprolalia). A menudo empeoran cuando la persona está excitada o padece de ansiedad y se atenúan durante la realización de actividades calmadas o que requieren de concentración. Su tratamiento consiste en el uso de medicamentos que pueden causar efectos adversos o la intervención global de comportamiento para tics (Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics, CBIT), que es un tratamiento conductual no farmacológico diseñado para enseñar a los pacientes y sus familias un conjunto específico de habilidades para reducir la frecuencia, la intensidad y el impacto general de los tics motores y vocales. Se reporta caso clínico de paciente de 13 años de edad que asistió a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena por presentar úlcera dolorosa en cavidad bucal. Como terapéutica se decidió utilizar la placa de protección mucosa (PPM) en el maxilar, y se observó una disminución del tamaño de la úlcera y en el control a los 45 días se observó la cicatrización completa de la lesión. Se complementó el tratamiento bucal con la remisión a tratamiento psicológico de soporte.
Legislating what matters: How policy designs shape two new immigrant destinations schools’ responses to immigrant students
Authors: Brezicha Kristina F.
Published: January 2022

This comparative case study examines the policies of two new immigrant destinations in the United States and Canada that in the past 20 years experienced a rapid influx of immigrants. Using an integrated framework of policy design theory and the context of reception, this paper analyzes the framing of immigrant students in the state, district, and school-level policies. Interviews with immigrant students in these communities show how these policies shaped their schooling experiences and communicated important messages to them about their role in their new communities, thus shaping their political identities. The findings highlight the important interplay of these different policymakers in shaping the contexts of receptions students encountered. The paper concludes by discussing educators’ role in working to craft more equitable policies.
Range finding test and measurement of wet weight and dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides as an initial stage of phytoremediation of soil contaminated with used lubricants
Authors: Tangahu Bieby Voijant , Winata Alif Yoga , Arliyani Isni
Published: January 2022

Environmental pollution caused by the development of industry and the rapid increase in the number of vehicles currently requires restrictions on the use of lubricants. Used lubricants contain complex mixtures of hydrocarbons that adversely affect plants by creating conditions that make essential nutrients such as nitrogen and oxygen needed for plant growth unavailable and cause severe problems in soil ecosystems and the rhizosphere. The accumulation of these spills can complicate the degradation process by microorganisms in the soil. Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) can grow at various levels of nutrients and insufficient abiotic conditions, so it is used in multiple studies as a hyperaccumulator plant. Preliminary research in determining the concentration of used lubricant handled by the vetiver can be determined through the Range Finding Test (RFT) stage. RFT is the stage of observing the plant's ability to maintain its life while degrading pollutants. Physical observations and laboratory analysis determine how strong the plants live in media contaminated with used lubricant pollutants. The results showed that vetiver could live in an environment contaminated with used lubricants with a concentration of up to 4% of the total mass of the media (40 ppm). Sample C2 had an average growth rate of 0.481 cm/day with a root elongation ratio of 0.333. The average dry fraction of plant leaves is 0.602 and the root is 0.372.
The effect of lavender on mothers sleep quality in the postpartum period: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Seiiedi-Biarag Leila , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: January 2022

Poor sleep quality in the postpartum period can have various negative effects on the health of mothers and infants such as anxiety, depression, low breastfeeding self-efficacy and disrupted child-mother attachment. Accordingly, intervention seems necessary to improve sleep quality. Given the probable effect of lavender on sleep problems, the present research intended to determine its effects on mothers’ sleep quality during postpartum period. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus databases and the Persian language databases (Magiran and SID) were searched for all the articles they included at the end of February 2021. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool. The results of the meta-analysis were reported as the standardized mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity of the studies was investigated using the I-squared test (I2). Three out of the 292 obtained studies entered the meta-analysis. The results indicated that sleep quality in the group receiving lavender improved compared to the control group, (SMD = −0.61; 95% CI: −1.07 to −015 p = 0.01) whereas the heterogeneity was higher. (I2 = 75%; Tau2 = 012; Chi2 = 7.905, p = 0.02). According to the results of this systematic review, use of lavender can improve postpartum maternal sleep quality. However, further randomized controlled trials using identical methodology, larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed.
Índice de motorización, vehículos legales e ilegales: el caso de la ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua
Authors: Yañez Orozco Humberto , Bravo Peña Luis Carlos
Published: January 2022

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre el índice de motorización en Ciudad Cuauhtémoc,una ciudad al norte de México que tiene condiciones de oferta vehiculares anormales debido a la importación ilegal de coches. Los datos fueron generados a partir del análisis de una muestra de 1296 vehículos mediante una técnica de transecto, que consiste en una selección aleatoria de muestras en una zona de forma lineal. La investigación fue repetida en dos ocasiones con resultados similares. Los resultados revelan la existencia de entre 38 979 y 40 074 coches de circulación ilegal de los 124 686 coches totales en la ciudad. Se contrastan los resultados obtenidos con losíndices de motorización ofrecidos por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), que solo contabiliza los coches de circulación legal. Asimismo, se ofrece una reflexión sobre las posibles consecuencias de la política actual de gasto público, así como el efecto de este en la toma de decisiones de las personas cuando no tienen acceso a un vehículo de circulación legal.
DARBUOTOJŲ FINANSINIO DALYVAVIMO LIETUVOJE RAIDA IR FORMOS: ĮMONIŲ AKCIJŲ IR PELNO PASIDALIJIMO PROGRAMOS BEI PRIEMONĖS
Authors: Civinskas Remigijus , Stašys Rimantas
Published: January 2022

The article analyses the development of employee financial participation in Lithuania, describes the legal environment of financial participation, and supports this participation. Two methods were used to analyse employee financial participation: 1) the method of logical analysis in examining the internal documents of companies; 2) the qualitative research methods of focus group and semi-structured individual interviews. Theories of the agency and stakeholders were used to analyse the data collected. These theories are usually applied in research in an integrated way, analysing employee financial participation to elucidate the phenomenon of employee ownership, and examining the agent’s performance. It has been established that in Lithuania four employee share ownership programmes and plans usually apply: extensive employee share option programmes (granted to public limited companies whose shares are traded on stock exchanges); granting employee stock options to executives (so-called executive stock option programmes and one-time decisions); stock option programmes in start-ups; and shares granted by shareholders to employees.
DARBUOTOJŲ POREIKIŲ TENKINIMAS LIETUVOS ORGANIZACIJOSE
Authors: Staniulienė Sonata , Kurienė Inga
Published: January 2022

The article analyses the satisfaction of employee needs in Lithuanian organisations, according to
A. Maslow’s theory of needs hierarchy. Motivation plays an important role in making people successful and happy in both their daily and their work life. Everyone looks for all possible ways to meet their needs in the organisation they work for, and doing so tends to change from a less satisfactory condition to a better one. The theory of the hierarchy of needs has been widely accepted, and has been particularly supported by many managers, largely because it is logical and simple, and therefore easy to understand. This theory explains what motivates people to work, and has shown managers that work motives are determined by a wide range of needs. According to the study, the results in Lithuanian organisations are in line with Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, which states that the needs of the last level of the hierarchy of needs must be met first, in order to create the conditions for the next.
RYTŲ IR PIETRYČIŲ AZIJOS GEROVĖS VALSTYBIŲ MODELIŲ SPECIFIKA BEI RAIDOS PROBLEMATIKA
Authors: Rakšnys Adomas Vincas , Svirbutaitė-Krutkienė Giedrė , Guogis Arvydas
Published: January 2022

The aim of this article is to identify and analyse welfare state models and their features in East and Southeast Asia. With this in mind, the article examines welfare state models in East and Southeast Asia and their characteristics. Different attempts to define the welfare state systems of East and Southeast Asia are provided, as well as a comparison with G. Esping-Andersen’s typology of three models. The characteristics of the welfare states of East and Southeast Asia are distinguished, such as the influence of Confucianism, productivity, the role of the family in the field of social welfare, and the influence of politics and the economy on the development of the welfare state. The article uses methods of analysis of scientific literature, expert evaluation, synthesis, descriptive analysis and comparative analysis.
KONFUCIANIZMO REIKŠMĖ FORMUOJANT GEROVĖS VALSTYBĘ: RYTŲ AZIJOS ATVEJIS
Authors: Svirbutaitė-Krutkienė Giedrė
Published: January 2022

Regarded as part of the cultural heritage, Confucianism and its principles play a major role in shaping the welfare state and the development of social welfare in the East Asia region. This article aims to analyse the expression and influence of Confucianism on the formation of the welfare state in the East Asia region. The Confucian welfare state has been shown to be characterised by low state intervention and investment in social welfare, relatively strong family ties, an emphasis on family responsibilities and duties in solving social problems, familialism, patriarchal hierarchy, etc. The principles of Confucianism promote a three-tier system of social assistance that includes family, community and governmental layers, in descending order of priority. In the article, the author provides an analysis of scientific literature and foreign research material, and uses synthesis and descriptive analytical methods.
TRANSFORMATIVE ASPECTS OF SUPERVISION
Authors: Dolace Dace
Published: January 2022

The article analyses the most relevant anthropological and transformative tasks of social work supervision in the context of today’s risk society, promoted by the process of globalisation with its instrumental rationality, which devalues the significance of the personality in the social system. The article provides the ontological grounds of the transformative function of supervision based on synergic patristic anthropology, and describes the simultaneous vectors of the transformative function in the supervision process: 1) experiential (experience-based) transformative learning, or acquisition of ‘practical wisdom’; and 2) anthropological transformation as a process of recreation of true self-identity. The article conceptually emphasises the decisive influence of the intrinsic quality of the supervisor’s personality in the performance of the transformative tasks of supervision, as well as the supervisor’s ability to form reciprocity relations with supervisees in the supervision process.
ON THE DISCOURSE OF THEOLOGY AS A MEDICAL SCIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF CARITATIVE SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Gūtmane Skaidrīte
Published: January 2022

Social work theory and practice today follow a concept born in mid-19th century industrialised society; however, it is not the sole concept. Even since the fourth century, an alternative concept of caritative social work (CSW) has been known, and it is currently embedded in the European Social work model. The article shows the therapeutic potential of the concept of CSW based on the Judaeo-Christian model, which is based on the revelation of Biblical and patristic anthropology elaborated since the first decades of the Christian era (mainly in Alexandria and Antioch, ancient centres of learning). Today, with the Covid-19 crisis, and with European society undergoing traumatic experiences, described as alienation, unemployment, depression, etc, the therapeutic potential of CSW should be recalled by social work professionals. The therapeutic potential of CSW is revealed through an interdisciplinary approach. Patristic anthropology is an interdisciplinary approach showing ways to encourage human social activity, encompassing both personal and societal perspectives. The concept of deification provided by Judeo-Christian anthropology touches the ontological structure of man, and is described as a method for the proper conceptualisation of the complexity of the client’s problem, without ignoring its spiritual aspects. The potential of CSW is helpful for people in a society who are at risk to recover from setbacks.
Impact of anthropogenic pH perturbation on dimethyl sulfide cycling
Authors: Bénard Robin , Lizotte Martine , Levasseur Maurice , Scarratt Michael , Michaud Sonia , Starr Michel , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Kiene Ronald P. , Kameyama Sohiko
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study was to assess experimentally the potential impact of anthropogenic pH perturbation (ApHP) on concentrations of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), as well as processes governing the microbial cycling of sulfur compounds. A summer planktonic community from surface waters of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary was monitored in microcosms over 12 days under three pCO2 targets: 1 × pCO2 (775 µatm), 2 × pCO2 (1,850 µatm), and 3 × pCO2 (2,700 µatm). A mixed phytoplankton bloom comprised of diatoms and unidentified flagellates developed over the course of the experiment. The magnitude and timing of biomass buildup, measured by chlorophyll a concentration, changed in the 3 × pCO2 treatment, reaching about half the peak chlorophyll a concentration measured in the 1 × pCO2 treatment, with a 2-day lag. Doubling and tripling the pCO2 resulted in a 15% and 40% decline in average concentrations of DMS compared to the control. Results from 35S-DMSPd uptake assays indicated that neither concentrations nor microbial scavenging efficiency of dissolved DMSP was affected by increased pCO2. However, our results show a reduction of the mean microbial yield of DMS by 34% and 61% in the 2 × pCO2 and 3 × pCO2 treatments, respectively. DMS concentrations correlated positively with microbial yields of DMS (Spearman’s ρ = 0.65; P < 0.001), suggesting that the impact of ApHP on concentrations of DMS in diatom-dominated systems may be strongly linked with alterations of the microbial breakdown of dissolved DMSP. Findings from this study provide further empirical evidence of the sensitivity of the microbial DMSP switch under ApHP. Because even small modifications in microbial regulatory mechanisms of DMSP can elicit changes in atmospheric chemistry via dampened efflux of DMS, results from this study may contribute to a better comprehension of Earth’s future climate.
Leonard Meyer’s Theory of Musical Style, from Pragmatism to Information Theory
Authors: Miller Brian A.
Published: January 2022

Despite its ubiquity in both academic and popular discourses on music, the concept of musical style last received in-depth scholarly treatment three decades ago, in music theorist Leonard Meyer’s final book, Style and Music of 1989. Meyer’s text remains widely cited today, but its date obscures the even earlier origins of its central concerns in Meyer’s work of the 1950s and ’60s. Indeed, Meyer developed his most enduring ideas amidst an array of momentous intellectual changes, not least of which were the rise (and fall) of information theory and cybernetics, and the transition from behaviorist to cognitive psychology, both of which impacted his work and legacy in lasting ways.

While Meyer’s general understanding of musical style remained largely consistent across his career, this essay examines a series of subtle shifts in the details of his conception as his intellectual focus shifted from pragmatist philosophy to a wholesale engagement with information theory to, eventually, cognitive psychology. Meyer’s most important early influences were American pragmatists like John Dewey and Morris R. Cohen, but already by 1957 he argued for a continuity between the mathematical structure of Markov chains and the pragmatist theories of meaning and emotional response on which his famous Emotion and Meaning in Music (1956) was based. While explicit mention of information theory soon dropped out of his writings, I show how information and computation continue to resonate throughout his later works and, thus, how they live on in current music-theoretical notions of style.
Cybernetics, Listening, and Sound-Studio Phenomenotechnique in Abraham Moles’s Théorie de l’information et perception esthétique (1958)
Authors: Bell Eamonn
Published: January 2022

In his Théorie de l’information et perception esthétique (1958), the sociologist of culture Abraham Moles (1920–92) set out to demonstrate the applicability of information theory—a mathematical linchpin of cybernetics—to the arts more generally. Moles drew on classical psychophysics, Gestalt psychology, more modern behavioral psychology, and contemporary psychoacoustic research to advocate a cybernetic model of the perception and creation of art. Moles repeatedly returned to musical examples therein to make his case, leveraging his dual expertise in philosophy and electroacoustics, drawing on formative experiences with Pierre Schaeffer in Paris and Hermann Scherchen at his Gravesano studio. Moles’s interdisciplinary text found many attentive readers across Europe and, following an English translation by the precocious Joel E. Cohen (1966), the Anglophone academic world, but it was valued more as an inspiration for the burgeoning area of “information aesthetics” than as a source of hard scientific evidence.

Drawing lightly on positions in the history and philosophy of science articulated by Gaston Bachelard (who supervised Moles’s second PhD, in philosophy) and Hans-Jörg Rheinberger suggests a change of emphasis away from its apparent scientific infelicities and toward Moles’s use of sound-studio technique, which is described with reference to the technologies available to Moles in the years leading up to the publication of the Théorie. Moles manipulated and processed sound recordings—filtering, clipping, and reversing them—in his attempts to empirically estimate the relative proportions of semantic and aesthetic information in speech and music. Moles’s text, when understood in tandem with the traces of his practical experiments in the sound studio, appears as an influential and occasionally prescient exposition of the many possible applications of the principles of information theory to the production, perception, and consumption of sound culture that makes ready use of the latest technical innovations in the media environment of its time.
Anterior urethral trauma in a 5-year-old boy
Authors: Moore Kieran Joseph , White Josh , Romao Rodrigo LP , MacLellan Dawn
Published: January 2022

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