bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTUDOS DE TELECONEXÕES ATMOSFÉRICAS E POSSIBILIDADES DE AVANÇOS NA CLIMATOLOGIA GEOGRÁFICA: CONCEITOS, FONTES DE DADOS E TÉCNICAS (ATMOSPHERIC TELECONNECTIONS RESEARCH AND POSSIBILITIES OF ADVANCES IN WEATHER CONDITIONS GEOGRAPHIC: CONCEPTS, SOURCES AND TECHNIQUES)
Authors: Limberger Leila
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: A utilização do conceito de teleconexões atmosféricas pela Climatologia Geográfica permite análise do globo como um todo complexo. Isso porque com o conceito de teleconexões compreende-se que alterações na interação oceano-atmosfera podem se deslocar por meio de ondas planetárias e atingir outros locais do globo (por exemplo, o fenômeno El Niño - Oscilação Sul). Para estudos utilizando-se do conceito de teleconexões atmosféricas são necessários dados globais de componentes atmosféricas, que podem ser obtidos a partir de download de conjuntos de dados disponibilizados por centros de pesquisas meteorológicas. Esses dados são interpolados em grades regulares, resultados de reanálises e/ou de modelos numéricos. Há também a disponibilização de softwares gratuitos adequados para o tratamento dos dados, com a possibilidade de utilização de pacotes estatísticos específicos. Dentre as principais vantagens  da utilização de dados globais interpolados em grade espacialmente regular estão a possibilidade de espacialização dos dados em escala global, análise de padrões espaciais característicos, a longevidade e ausência de falhas nas séries temporais, o grande número de variáveis atmosféricas disponíveis (no caso dos conjuntos de reanálise) e a consistência temporal e espacial dos dados.
RISCOS DO CLIMA OU RISCOS DA COMUNICAÇÃO? A COBERTURA JORNALÍSTICA DO FURACÃO SANDY (2012) EM UM PERIÓDICO NACIONAL (RISKS OF CLIMATE OR RISKS OF COMMUNICATION? THE NEWS COVERAGE OF HURRICANE SANDY (2012) IN A NATIONAL JOURNAL)
Authors: Nunes Lucí Hidalgo
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: A mídia desempenha relevante função na formação de opinião pública sobre os mais diferentes temas, como política, economia e ciência, o que reforça seu papel central na sociedade democrática. Contudo, as diversas mídias (jornais, revistas, rádio, internet, televisão) nem sempre noticiam a informação de forma adequada. Procurando analisar a divulgação de um evento atmosférico extremo que atingiu diferentes nações, este estudo avaliou todas as notícias veiculadas no periódico ‘O Estado de S. Paulo’ acerca do furacão Sandy, entre 26 de outubro até 16 de novembro de 2012. Ao todo foram publicadas 55 notícias, relacionadas com temáticas econômicas, esportes, mudanças climáticas e com as eleições presidenciais americanas que aconteceram em novembro de 2012. Observou-se que ainda que as notícias tenham explorado exaustivamente o tema sob diferentes enfoques, houve poucas informações sobre o fenômeno em si e suas consequências dramáticas nas diversas nações afetadas, tendo havido clara preferência em abordar as consequências do fenômeno nas eleições americanas.
IMPLICAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS DE UM MODELO NEODESENVOLVIMENTISTA: IMPACTOS, RISCOS E INJUSTIÇAS NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS, BRASIL (CLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS OF A NEO-DEVELOPMENTALIST MODEL: IMPACTS, RISKS AND INJUSTICES IN THE TOCANTINS STATE, BRAZIL)
Authors: Souza Lucas Barbosa e
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: Este artigo busca contribuir com a discussão a respeito do modelo neodesenvolvimentista recente no Estado do Tocantins, Região Norte do Brasil, e suas implicações climáticas. Os impactos, riscos e injustiças resultantes deste modelo são examinados tanto na área rural quanto na área urbana do território estadual. No campo, a disseminação do agronegócio tem levado a mudanças de superfície capazes de elevar a temperatura do ar, podendo também agravar as disputas pelos recursos hídricos e a contaminação ambiental por produtos agroquímicos. Por outro lado, a urbanização exclusivamente segundo critérios mercantis tem produzido cidades insustentáveis, com ilhas de calor e alagamentos, entre outros problemas. Portanto, almeja-se enfatizar a necessidade de uma Climatologia engajada com as lutas sociais e políticas por um espaço geográfico mais justo e ambientalmente mais equilibrado para os seus cidadãos.
AS CIDADES E A PRECIPITAÇÃO - UMA RELAÇÃO DEMASIADO BRIGUENTA
Authors: Monteiro Ana
Published: July 2017

A Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto (GAMP) é um excelente testemunho da desvalorização do contexto climático assumida pelos fazedores de tecido urbano nas ultimas três décadas. Apesar das surpresas, frequentemente negativas, com que o sistema climático foi presenteado os cidadãos, estes, continuam a investir muito mais recursos na busca de instrumentos de controlo do que em meios para promover uma convivialidade harmoniosa. Os anos de 2000-01 e 2004-05 são dois exemplos igualmente dramáticos e incompreendidos mas de índole diversa que servem para mostrar como os cidadãos urbanos se relacionam mal com a irregularidade da precipitação. Pretende-se mostrar que enquanto estas expressividades do sistema climático - a precipitação intensa ou a seca - não forem mecanicamente compreendidas dificilmente serão percebidas. E, continuarão a ser desvalorizadas em qualquer processo de decisão (individual ou coletivo). Ao ignorar o sistema climático, o desenho urbano acrescenta vulnerabilidade a uma equação (eventos x vulnerabilidade) onde temos de acreditar que só conseguimos controlar um dos seus termos.
A INFLUÊNCIA DAS VARIAÇÕES TÉRMICAS NOS ACIDENTES LOXOSCÉLICOS EM CURITIBA/PR
Authors: Pinto Leandro Rafael , Mendonça Francisco De Assis , Araújo Wiviany Mattozo
Published: July 2017

A cada dia as relações entre ambiente e sociedade trazem novas descobertas. Desde o final da década de 80, a cidade de Curitiba vem registrando ano a ano um elevado número de acidentes por animais peçonhentos, especialmente acidentes loxoscélicos tornando-se um problema de saúde pública. As aranhas-marrom deste gênero são influenciadas diretamente pelas variações de temperatura, tanto do ponto de vista de sua locomoção como tambem de sua reprodução. O presente estudo, desenvolvido no campo da Geografia da Saúde, vêm por trazer algumas contribuições para o entendimento da influência da variável temperatura na dsitribuição temporal (sazonal) dos casos de acidentes loxoscélicos em Curitiba nos anos de 2001 a 2007. Utilizou-se  os dados colhidos junto a Secretária de Saúde, referente ao total de casos por semana epidemiológica para cada ano. Para a análise temporal, fez-se uso dos dados meteorológicos (temperatura mínima, média e máxima) fornecidos pelo SIMEPAR. O principal resultado encontrado foi a sazonalidade do agravo em relação as variações térmicas anuais e a existência de uma relação direta entre a elevação acima dos 30º C das temperaturas e o aumento dos acidentes. Contudo, faz-se necessário levar os resultados obtidos ao conhecimento das autoridades de saúde como forma de auxiliar no controle deste problema.
ESTUDO DO COMPORTAMENTO DA TEMPERATURA E PRECIPITAÇÃO NOS PERÍODOS CHUVOSOS E MENOS CHUVOSOS EM BÉLEM-PA EM ANOS DE FORTES EVENTOS DE EL NIÑO E LA NIÑA
Authors: De Souza Júnior José Augusto , Nechet Dimitrie , Oliveira Maria do Carmo Felipe de , Albuquerque Monik Fernandes de
Published: July 2017

El Niño e La Niña são fenômenos atmosféricos - oceânicos contrários, caracterizados por anomalias da temperatura das águas do Oceano Pacífico Tropical mudando padrões de vento e afetando os regimes de chuvas em regiões Tropicais e de Latitude médias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar e comparar a média das Temperaturas do Ar (T), como Temperatura média (TMédia: Médias das 24 horas), Temperatura média compensada ((T9+2xT21+TMin+TMax)/5), Temperaturas médias das 09:00 (T9) e 21:00 horas (T21), Temperaturas médias máximas (TMax) e mínimas (TMin) e a Precipitação Pluviométrica Total média (PRP) para anos de forte ocorrência de fenômeno El Niño (1982,1983,1990,1993) e La Niña (1976,1989) para o trimestre mais chuvoso (Fevereiro, Março e Abril) e trimestre menos chuvoso (Setembro, Outubro e Novembro) visando mostrar o comportamento da Temperatura do ar, na cidade de Belém- PA, onde praticamente não ocorreu alteração da superfície e proporcionar subsídios a outras pesquisas, entre as diversas maneiras de cálculos de Temperatura do Ar. Os resultados mostram que as médias das Temperaturas (24 Observações) e a temperatura compensada apresentaram valores muito próximos, enquanto que a média das temperaturas das 09:00 horas apresentaram valores mais elevados e das 21:00 horas apresentaram valores menos elevados quando comparados com a média das 24 horas e a média compensada. as médias de todas as Temperaturas obtidas apresentaram comportamento próximos em anos de forte ocorrência de El Niño e La Niña durante o período chuvoso e período menos chuvoso, porém no periodo chuvoso, os valores foram menores e na época menos chuvosa foram maiores. Com relação á precipitação média mensal comparada com a Normal Climatológica, durante o ano todo, alguns meses apresentaram valores acima da Normal e outros meses abaixo da Normal, tantos nos anos de El Niño, como nos anos de La Niña.
Vol. 4. Nº 7. Una introducció a «L'espai públic: múltiples experiències i significats»
Authors: Muxi Zaida
Published: July 2017

Introducció a la secció monogràfica Àgora del Vol. 4. Nº. 7:«L'espai públic: múltiples experiències i significats».
Gentrificación en el contexto de la Sociedad del Riesgo: el caso de Barrio Italia en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Colodro Gotthelf Jonathan Uri
Published: July 2017

La «latinogentrificación» corresponde a la expresión latinoamericana del proceso de gentrificación, asociado a la globalización y, por lo tanto, cada vez más común en los espacios urbanos. Uno de los casos más ilustrativos en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile lo constituye el Barrio Italia, produciéndose en un contexto neoliberal y con un definido proceso de gobernanza de actores.El presente ensayo analiza la situación de la gentrificación del Barrio Italia, en el contexto de la Teoría de la Sociedad del Riesgo de Ulrich Beck y la expulsión de residentes originales, lo que iría en contra del Derecho a la Ciudad planteado por Henri Lefebvre.
El lado nocturno de la vida cotidiana: un análisis feminista de la planificación urbana nocturna
Authors: Ortiz Escalante Sara
Published: July 2017

Partiendo de una revisión bibliográfica realizada en el ámbito de la planificación urbana nocturna, este artículo plantea incluir una perspectiva de género interseccional en la planificación de las ciudades de noche. El artículo analiza estudios existentes sobre cómo los cuerpos de las mujeres han sido conceptualizados en el ámbito de la planificación urbana y en lo nocturno, cómo la planificación urbana ha abordado la esfera nocturna, y cómo el miedo y la seguridad afectan a la movilidad de las mujeres en la noche. La revisión bibliográfica revela que el rol de la planificación en relación a la noche ha sido regular y controlar lo que pasa en la noche y quién tiene derecho a la ciudad nocturna, pero la planificación urbana nocturna no ha incorporado la perspectiva de género interseccional, factor que dificulta la vida cotidiana diurna y nocturna de las personas que, debido al trabajo productivo, reproductivo o de cuidado, usan la ciudad en la noche de manera regular. El artículo propone incluir la diversidad de cuerpos sexuados en la planificación urbana nocturna, expandiendo el debate más allá de la economía nocturna de consumo y ocio, y visibilizando el rol que juegan las mujeres en la planificación de la noche.
Mujeres haciendo ciudad: Flâneuses y Las Sinsombrero
Authors: Torrecilla Patiño Elia
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se plantea un recorrido de la mano de algunas mujeres paseantes (flâneuses) que supieron afrontar las adversidades de un espacio público urbano destinado fundamentalmente a los hombres. Mujeres que a través de su presencia en las calles, supieron utilizar estrategias para trasgredir, mediante un uso creativo del cuerpo en el espacio, las normas sociales del momento; ése fue el caso de Las Sinsombrero.A través de diferentes obras literarias, biografías, memorias y documentos fotográficos de escritoras y/o artistas, quedan registradas las experiencias y las limitaciones que las mujeres sufrieron durante sus paseos por la ciudad. Mujeres invisibilizadas, que debían permanecer en el entorno familiar y privado, pero que se lanzaron a un espacio público diseñado por y para el género masculino, mujeres que utilizaron su tiempo para ganar espacio. Mujeres que hicieron ciudad.
«Plazoleta Lídice» de Canelones: lugar de memorias, desplazamientos y resignificaciones en el espacio público. Fundamentos de un proyecto de investigación
Authors: Faget Gustavo , Fernández Pavlovich Marcelo
Published: July 2017

Ligada a la historia reciente, la masacre de Lídice por los nazis, el 10 de junio de 1942, significó para la Junta Departamental de Canelones (Uruguay), la consagración de un espacio público en la ciudad. Lídice no es un fenómeno aislado, el acontecimiento generó la apropiación y la acción política al destinar espacios públicos en su memoria en diversas ciudades y pueblos de América Latina. La memoria es un mecanismo de relación con un pasado que es incapturable, inaprensible en su entera realidad. Las comunidades buscan la presencia del pasado en el presente, exigencia existencial que nos construye como colectivo, presencia de la ausencia en la memoria. El espacio público es el lugar privilegiado para la acción política, por lo tanto, partimos de la hipótesis republicana respecto a que una democracia recién es tal cuando los ciudadanos participan activamente en los asuntos de interés público. «Plazoleta Lídice» marca la importancia de la memoria en un contexto histórico-cultural marcado por lo fugaz. Discutiremos sobre acontecimientos signados por la deshumanización, para que no resulten envueltos en el olvido, lo que nos obliga a continuar revitalizando el concepto de derechos humanos, haciéndolos parte de nuestra vivencia y convivencia.
Dynamic spaces with subjective depth. The public space in monsoon Asia
Authors: Okabe Akiko
Published: July 2017

The largest human agglomerations in the world, headed by Tokyo, are found in Asia, especially in monsoon climate zones. If we start from the premise that they are ‘cities’, there must be something that makes them work as cities. In the present paper this ‘something’ is defined as ‘public space’; taking Tokyo and Edo as an example, we explore this public space and how it differs from that of Europe’s squares and streets.The paper first analyzes the network of narrow alleys. The concept of oku is introduced to show how public space of subjective depth materializes in this web of narrow passageways.Second, the question of public space corresponding to the scale of Asian megacities is explored. Hiroba, the Japanese term for square, can be understood as a dynamic process rather than a static, physical place. The hiroba emerges by hiroba-ing through spontaneous citizen action. Seasonal festivals amplify the effect of hiroba-ing and have a magic that temporarily transforms spaces into huge meeting places accessible to all.The public space in monsoon Asia is a subjective space with a dynamic dimension toward oku that implies awe of nature.
Buenos Aires, espacio público y literatura
Authors: Moisset Inés , Eyras Ismael
Published: July 2017

El artículo propone la mirada del literato como herramienta para la comprensión del espacio público. En este ensayo en particular se aplicará al caso específico de Buenos Aires durante los años 20, a partir de la confluencia de personajes notables: cuatro escritores (Arlt, Storni, Borges y Marechal) y un arquitecto (Bereterbide) que nacen sobre el cambio de siglo. Son cinco miradas sobre la gran transformación que atravesó la ciudad en aquel entonces y que aportan a la comprensión del fenómeno.
Le titre Theotokos dans les débats christologiques du IVe siècle
Authors: Sferlea Gheorghe Ovidiu
Published: July 2017

Cet article examine les premières tentatives d’interprétation théologique du titre marial Theotokos au IVe siècle. Au coeur de cette histoire on retrouve Apollinaire, évêque de Laodicée et figure importante du camp pro-nicéen, qui a élaboré une théorie controversée sur l’unité du Christ, notamment en excluant l’intellect humain de la constitution du Sauveur. C’est dans le cadre de cette préoccupation plus large qu’il vit l’opportunité de tenter une appropriation théologique du titre Theotokos et qu’il en fit un outil polémique dans la stratégie d’ériger sa propre position en orthodoxie christologique. L’idée que je défends ici est que Diodore de Tarse, Grégoire de Nazianze, Grégoire de Nysse et Théodore de Mopsueste se sont tous confrontés à l’interprétation proposée par Apollinaire et ont cherché les meilleurs moyens d’y réagir.
Building bridges between cellular and molecular structural biology
Authors: Patwardhan Ardan , Brandt Robert , Butcher Sarah J , Collinson Lucy , Gault David , Grünewald Kay , Hecksel Corey , Huiskonen Juha T , Iudin Andrii , Jones Martin L , Korir Paul K , Koster Abraham J , Lagerstedt Ingvar , Lawson Catherine L , Mastronarde David , McCormick Matthew , Parkinson Helen , Rosenthal Peter B , Saalfeld Stephan , Saibil Helen R , Sarntivijai Sirarat , Solanes Valero Irene , Subramaniam Sriram , Swedlow Jason R , Tudose Ilinca , Winn Martyn , Kleywegt Gerard J
Published: July 2017

The integration of cellular and molecular structural data is key to understanding the function of macromolecular assemblies and complexes in their in vivo context. Here we report on the outcomes of a workshop that discussed how to integrate structural data from a range of public archives. The workshop identified two main priorities: the development of tools and file formats to support segmentation (that is, the decomposition of a three-dimensional volume into regions that can be associated with defined objects), and the development of tools to support the annotation of biological structures.
Topological analysis of multicellular complexity in the plant hypocotyl
Authors: Jackson Matthew DB , Xu Hao , Duran-Nebreda Salva , Stamm Petra , Bassel George W
Published: July 2017

Multicellularity arose as a result of adaptive advantages conferred to complex cellular assemblies. The arrangement of cells within organs endows higher-order functionality through a structure-function relationship, though the organizational properties of these multicellular configurations remain poorly understood. We investigated the topological properties of complex organ architecture by digitally capturing global cellular interactions in the plant embryonic stem (hypocotyl), and analyzing these using quantitative network analysis. This revealed the presence of coherent conduits of reduced path length across epidermal atrichoblast cell files. The preferential movement of small molecules along this cell type was demonstrated using fluorescence transport assays. Both robustness and plasticity in this higher order property of atrichoblast patterning was observed across diverse genetic backgrounds, and the analysis of genetic patterning mutants identified the contribution of gene activity towards their construction. This topological analysis of multicellular structural organization reveals higher order functions for patterning and principles of complex organ construction.
Complementary contributions of basolateral amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex to value learning under uncertainty
Authors: Stolyarova Alexandra , Izquierdo Alicia
Published: July 2017

We make choices based on the values of expected outcomes, informed by previous experience in similar settings. When the outcomes of our decisions consistently violate expectations, new learning is needed to maximize rewards. Yet not every surprising event indicates a meaningful change in the environment. Even when conditions are stable overall, outcomes of a single experience can still be unpredictable due to small fluctuations (i.e., expected uncertainty) in reward or costs. In the present work, we investigate causal contributions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in rats to learning under expected outcome uncertainty in a novel delay-based task that incorporates both predictable fluctuations and directional shifts in outcome values. We demonstrate that OFC is required to accurately represent the distribution of wait times to stabilize choice preferences despite trial-by-trial fluctuations in outcomes, whereas BLA is necessary for the facilitation of learning in response to surprising events.
Phasic and tonic neuron ensemble codes for stimulus-environment conjunctions in the lateral entorhinal cortex
Authors: Pilkiw Maryna , Insel Nathan , Cui Younghua , Finney Caitlin , Morrissey Mark D , Takehara-Nishiuchi Kaori
Published: July 2017

The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is thought to bind sensory events with the environment where they took place. To compare the relative influence of transient events and temporally stable environmental stimuli on the firing of LEC cells, we recorded neuron spiking patterns in the region during blocks of a trace eyeblink conditioning paradigm performed in two environments and with different conditioning stimuli. Firing rates of some neurons were phasically selective for conditioned stimuli in a way that depended on which room the rat was in; nearly all neurons were tonically selective for environments in a way that depended on which stimuli had been presented in those environments. As rats moved from one environment to another, tonic neuron ensemble activity exhibited prospective information about the conditioned stimulus associated with the environment. Thus, the LEC formed phasic and tonic codes for event-environment associations, thereby accurately differentiating multiple experiences with overlapping features.
Information and decision-making needs of psychiatric patients: the perspective of relatives
Authors: Liebherz Sarah , Tlach Lisa , Härter Martin , Dirmaier Jörg
Published: July 2017

Background

Mental illness may strongly affect relatives’ lives. Therefore, it is important to empower relatives by providing health information according to their preferences.

Methods

An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using a purpose-designed questionnaire on online health information and decision-support needs.

Results

Prevalent reasons for online health information search of the 185 participating relatives were the need for general information and the insufficiency of the information given by the health care provider. The most difficult treatment decisions concerned the treatment setting (inpatient or outpatient) as well as the psychopharmacological treatment.

Discussion

Since psychiatric patients’ relatives report extensive information and decision-support needs, it is essential to address their needs in health information material. Assessment of relatives’ needs when developing health information materials is recommended.
An improved parameterization of the allocation of assimilated carbon to plant parts in vegetation dynamics for Noah‐MP
Authors: Gim Hyeon‐Ju , Park Seon Ki , Kang Minseok , Thakuri Bindu Malla , Kim Joon , Ho Chang‐Hoi
Published: July 2017

In the land surface models predicting vegetation growth and decay, representation of the seasonality of land surface energy and mass fluxes largely depends on how to describe the vegetation dynamics. In this study, we developed a new parameterization scheme to characterize allocation of the assimilated carbon to plant parts, including leaves and fine roots. The amount of carbon allocation in this scheme depends on the climatological net primary production (NPP) of the plants. The newly developed scheme is implemented in the augmented Noah land surface model with multiple parameterization options (Noah‐MP) along with other biophysical processes related to variations in photosynthetic capacity. The scheme and the augmented biophysical processes are evaluated against tower measurements of vegetation from four forest sites in various regions—two for the deciduous broadleaf and two for the needleleaf evergreen forest. Results from the augmented Noah‐MP showed good agreement with the observations and demonstrated improvements in representing the seasonality of leaf area index (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and latent heat flux. In particular, significant improvements are found in simulating amplitudes and phase shift timing in the LAI seasonal cycle, and the amount of GPP and ER in the growing season. Furthermore, the augmented Noah‐MP performed reasonably well in simulating the spatial distributions of LAI, GPP, and NPP in East Asia, consistent with the satellite observations.
Fracture network created by 3‐D printer and its validation using CT images
Authors: Suzuki Anna , Watanabe Noriaki , Li Kewen , Horne Roland N.
Published: July 2017

Understanding flow mechanisms in fractured media is essential for geoscientific research and geological development industries. This study used 3‐D printed fracture networks in order to control the properties of fracture distributions inside the sample. The accuracy and appropriateness of creating samples by the 3‐D printer was investigated by using a X‐ray CT scanner. The CT scan images suggest that the 3‐D printer is able to reproduce complex three‐dimensional spatial distributions of fracture networks. Use of hexane after printing was found to be an effective way to remove wax for the posttreatment. Local permeability was obtained by the cubic law and used to calculate the global mean. The experimental value of the permeability was between the arithmetic and geometric means of the numerical results, which is consistent with conventional studies. This methodology based on 3‐D printed fracture networks can help validate existing flow modeling and numerical methods.
From Self‐Assembly to Evolutionary Structures
Authors: Papadopoulou Athina , Laucks Jared , Tibbits Skylar
Published: July 2017

The Self‐Assembly Lab at Massachusetts Institute of Technology is at the forefront of the move towards evolutionary construction processes. Three of the Lab's members – doctoral researcher Athina Papadopoulou, co‐director Jared Laucks and co‐founder Skylar Tibbits – report on its recent experiments in macro‐scale fabrication that relies on the reactions of specially designed material components, both among themselves and with their environment.
The Vanishing Actor
Authors: Meier Robin , Gallet Bastien
Published: July 2017

Synchronicity is a series of artworks that explore the self‐organisation of collective organisms by manipulating the flashing of fireflies and the chirping of crickets. One of its co‐creators, artist and composer Robin Meier, together with philosopher Bastien Gallet, explain how it relates to personal and societal emergence, through constantly evolving networks of interactions. They go on to describe the different manifestations of the series in detail.
The Immersive: Stagecraft to Urbanism
Authors: Kim Simon , Ibañez Mariana
Published: July 2017

Alongside their architectural practice in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Simon Kim and Mariana Ibañez also run a multidisciplinary research lab. The ideology driving its work is ‘The Immersive’ – a notion of reconfigurable, encompassing environments created through a synthesis of science, arts and humanities. They explain their motivations and outline three manifesto projects, ranging in scale from the body to the urban.
Formation of Septuple‐Shelled (Co2/3Mn1/3)(Co5/6Mn1/6)2O4 Hollow Spheres as Electrode Material for Alkaline Rechargeable Battery
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxian , Yu Ranbo , Tang Hongjie , Mao Dan , Qi Jian , Wang Bao , Zhang Yu , Zhao Huijun , Hu Wenping , Wang Dan
Published: July 2017

The multishelled (Co2/3Mn1/3)(Co5/6Mn1/6)2O4 hollow microspheres with controllable shell numbers up to septuple shells are synthesized using developed sequential templating method. Exhilaratingly, the septuple‐shelled complex metal oxide hollow microsphere is synthesized for the first time by doping Mn into Co3O4, leading to the change of crystalline rate of precursor. Used as electrode materials for alkaline rechargeable battery, it shows a remarkable reversible capacity (236.39 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 by three‐electrode system and 106.85 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 in alkaline battery) and excellent cycling performance due to its unique structure.
Precise Protein Photolithography (P3): High Performance Biopatterning Using Silk Fibroin Light Chain as the Resist
Authors: Liu Wanpeng , Zhou Zhitao , Zhang Shaoqing , Shi Zhifeng , Tabarini Justin , Lee Woonsoo , Zhang Yeshun , Gilbert Corder S. N. , Li Xinxin , Dong Fei , Cheng Liang , Liu Mengkun , Kaplan David L. , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. , Zhang Guozheng , Mao Ying , Tao Tiger H.
Published: July 2017

Precise patterning of biomaterials has widespread applications, including drug release, degradable implants, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Patterning of protein‐based microstructures using UV‐photolithography has been demonstrated using protein as the resist material. The Achilles heel of existing protein‐based biophotoresists is the inevitable wide molecular weight distribution during the protein extraction/regeneration process, hindering their practical uses in the semiconductor industry where reliability and repeatability are paramount. A wafer‐scale high resolution patterning of bio‐microstructures using well‐defined silk fibroin light chain as the resist material is presented showing unprecedent performances. The lithographic and etching performance of silk fibroin light chain resists are evaluated systematically and the underlying mechanisms are thoroughly discussed. The micropatterned silk structures are tested as cellular substrates for the successful spatial guidance of fetal neural stems cells seeded on the patterned substrates. The enhanced patterning resolution, the improved etch resistance, and the inherent biocompatibility of such protein‐based photoresist provide new opportunities in fabricating large scale biocompatible functional microstructures.
Realization of Quasi‐Omnidirectional Solar Cells with Superior Electrical Performance by All‐Solution‐Processed Si Nanopyramids
Authors: Zhong Sihua , Wang Wenjie , Tan Miao , Zhuang Yufeng , Shen Wenzhong
Published: July 2017

Large‐scale (156 mm × 156 mm) quasi‐omnidirectional solar cells are successfully realized and featured by keeping high cell performance over broad incident angles (θ), via employing Si nanopyramids (SiNPs) as surface texture. SiNPs are produced by the proposed metal‐assisted alkaline etching method, which is an all‐solution‐processed method and highly simple together with cost‐effective. Interestingly, compared to the conventional Si micropyramids (SiMPs)‐textured solar cells, the SiNPs‐textured solar cells possess lower carrier recombination and thus superior electrical performances, showing notable distinctions from other Si nanostructures‐textured solar cells. Furthermore, SiNPs‐textured solar cells have very little drop of quantum efficiency with increasing θ, demonstrating the quasi‐omnidirectional characteristic. As an overall result, both the SiNPs‐textured homojunction and heterojunction solar cells possess higher daily electric energy production with a maximum relative enhancement approaching 2.5%, when compared to their SiMPs‐textured counterparts. The quasi‐omnidirectional solar cell opens a new opportunity for photovoltaics to produce more electric energy with a low cost.
Utilizing Co2+/Co3+ Redox Couple in P2‐Layered Na0.66Co0.22Mn0.44Ti0.34O2 Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Qin‐Chao , Hu Enyuan , Pan Yang , Xiao Na , Hong Fan , Fu Zheng‐Wen , Wu Xiao‐Jing , Bak Seong‐Min , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Zhou Yong‐Ning
Published: July 2017

Developing sodium‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage applications is facing big challenges of the lack of high‐performance cathode materials. Here, a series of new cathode materials Na0.66CoxMn0.66–xTi0.34O2 for sodium‐ion batteries are designed and synthesized aiming to reduce transition metal‐ion ordering, charge ordering, as well as Na+ and vacancy ordering. An interesting structure change of Na0.66CoxMn0.66–xTi0.34O2 from orthorhombic to hexagonal is revealed when Co content increases from x = 0 to 0.33. In particular, Na0.66Co0.22Mn0.44Ti0.34O2 with a P2‐type layered structure delivers a reversible capacity of 120 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. When the current density increases to 10 C, a reversible capacity of 63.2 mAh g−1 can still be obtained, indicating a promising rate capability. The low valence Co2+ substitution results in the formation of average Mn3.7+ valence state in Na0.66Co0.22Mn0.44Ti0.34O2, effectively suppressing the Mn3+‐induced Jahn–Teller distortion, and in turn stabilizing the layered structure. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy results suggest that the charge compensation of Na0.66Co0.22Mn0.44Ti0.34O2 during charge/discharge is contributed by Co2.2+/Co3+ and Mn3.3+/Mn4+ redox couples. This is the first time that the highly reversible Co2+/Co3+ redox couple is observed in P2‐layered cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries. This finding may open new approaches to design advanced intercalation‐type cathode materials.
The Interplay Between Housing Stability and Child Separation: Implications for Practice and Policy
Authors: Rog Debra J. , Henderson Kathryn A. , Lunn Laurel M. , Greer Andrew L. , Ellis Mei Ling
Published: July 2017

Highlights

Housing plays an important role in fostering family stability and residential stability.

Families in supportive housing are more likely to reunite with children than families in shelter.

Families with child separations are less likely to be in their own housing following shelter entry.
Timing is everything: Where status epilepticus treatment fails
Authors: Hill Chloe E. , Parikh Alomi O. , Ellis Colin , Myers Jennifer S. , Litt Brian
Published: July 2017

Status epilepticus is an emergency; however, prompt treatment of patients with status epilepticus is challenging. Clinical trials, such as the ESETT (Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial), compare effectiveness of antiepileptic medications, and rigorous examination of effectiveness of care delivery is similarly warranted. We reviewed the medical literature on observed deviations from guidelines, clinical significance, and initiatives to improve timely treatment. We found pervasive, substantial gaps between recommended and “real‐world” practice with regard to timing, dosing, and sequence of antiepileptic therapy. Applying quality improvement methodology at the institutional level can increase adherence to guidelines and may improve patient outcomes. Ann Neurol 2017;82:155–165
Prospects use of hybrid layered double hydroxides‐polyacrylamide as controlled release media for antibiotic molecules
Authors: Allou N'guadi Blaise , Bordoloi Palakshi , Goswamee Rajib Lochan
Published: July 2017

Some controlled‐release media containing two commercial antibiotic molecules, viz. Amoxicillin (AMX) and Ampicillin (AMP), were prepared using layered double hydroxides (LDH) intercalated and extended by polyacrylamide. The polycarylamide was prepared in situ by polymerization of acrylamide monomer intercalated in the interlayers of LDH. The LDH‐polyacrylamide‐antibiotic hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). The results from these characterizations have shown the successful incorporation of the antibiotics in the interlayers and provided important information regarding their interlayer structure. The nanocomposites showed increased thermal stability in TGA. The loading of antibiotic in the PAM/Mg‐Al nanocomposite was found to be 36.33% for AMX and 52.38% for AMP. The improved antibacterial activity of hybrid nanocomposite was evaluated against Escherichia coli using the wells diffusion technique. The aliquot samples in agar media drug release study were found to be highly effective against microorganisms. The sustained release of antibiotic drug from the hybrid nanocomposite was also verified. The release rate at pH 7.4 phosphate buffer was found slower than that at pH 4.6. It can be concluded that hybrid nanocomposites of LDH extended by in situ polymerized acrylamide are very suitable materials to host different antibiotics and their controlled release. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45442.
Black Scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus) Hemopoiesis: Analysis by Flow Cytometry and Light Microscopy
Authors: Andreyeva Aleksandra Y. , Soldatov Aleksander A. , Kukhareva Tatiana A.
Published: July 2017

Cell suspensions of head kidney and spleen of black scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus L.) have been studied using flow cytometry and light microscopy. On the basis of forward scatter (FS) and side scatter (SS) distribution and light microscopy, two main types of cells in the hemopoietic organs were identified: “small cells” (5.1–8.9 µm) and “large cells” (10.8–15.3 µm). Subpopulation of small cells was formed by thrombocytes, lymphocytes, and elements with functionally inactive nuclei. Euchromatin level in their nuclei was low and acidophilic cytoplasm corresponded to negligible nucleic acids content. No proliferative activity was observed using SYBR Green I fluorescence analysis. Morphological characteristics of these cells coincided with colony forming units of mammals. Large cells in head kidney consisted of two subpopulations of cells differing in granularity and DNA content. Proliferating blast cells and differentiating cells of all hemopoietic lines were identified among them. Macrophages and apoptotic cells were also detected in head kidney. In spleen large cells cluster mainly included aged red blood cells with extended lengthwise axis. Blast cells and differentiating elements in spleen were not observed. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1993–1999, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clarification of the Terminology of the Olfactory Lamellae in Chondrichthyes
Authors: Ferrando Sara , Gallus Lorenzo , Ghigliotti Laura , Amaroli Andrea , Abbas Ghulam , Vacchi Marino
Published: July 2017

Several papers regard the anatomy of the peripheral olfactory organ, the olfactory rosette, in the class of Chondrichtyes. The complex shape of this organ and the differences among species give clues to functional, evolutionary, and ecological observations; data on a larger number of species are needed in order to have a more complete insight. The rosette is made up of a central support and of numerous lamellae, which are lined by the sensory epithelium. The size, shape and number of these lamellae, which are highly variable among species, are noteworthy because they affect the sensory surface area, the water dynamic within the olfactory chamber, and the organization of the olfactory bulb. In the literature about Chondrichthyes, the definition of olfactory lamella is confused, because authors use the same words for different structures. The average number of lamellae is distinctive for each species, and the meaning of this difference is not completely understood and, in this frame, a not unambiguous definition of lamella leads to difficulties in comparing data from different publications and analyzing them together. We aim to give here an unambiguous definition of olfactory lamella, that should be each single fold of tissue extending from the raphe, and of lamellar number of a given species, that should be the average number of lamellae in one olfactory organ. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:2039–2045, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrastructural Alterations of Von Economo Neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Schizophrenia
Authors: Krause Martin , Theiss Carsten , Brüne Martin
Published: July 2017

Von Economo neurons (VENs) are large bipolar projection neurons mainly located in layer Vb of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insula. Both regions are involved in cognitive and emotional procedures and are functionally and anatomically altered in schizophrenia. Although the detailed function of VEN remains unclear, it has been suggested that these neurons are involved in the pathomechanism of schizophrenia. Here, we were interested in the question whether or not the VEN of schizophrenia patients would show abnormalities at the ultrastructural level. Accordingly, we examined the amount of lysosomal aggregations of the VEN in post‐mortem tissue of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and psychologically unaffected individuals, and compared the findings with aggregations in adjacent pyramidal cells in layer Vb of the ACC. VEN of patients with schizophrenia, and to a lesser degree individuals with bipolar disorder contained significantly more lysosomal aggregations compared with tissue from unaffected controls. Specifically, the larger amount of lysosomal aggregations in schizophrenia seemed to be selective for VEN, with no differences occurring in pyramidal cells. These findings may indicate that the VEN of schizophrenia patients are selectively vulnerable to neuronal damage. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:2017–2024, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in the Pancreas in Experimental Diabetes and the Effect of Lycopene on These Changes: Proliferating, Apoptotic, and Estrogen Receptor α Positive Cells
Authors: Sandikci Mustafa , Karagenc Levent , Yildiz Mustafa
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to investigate the changes occurring in estrogen receptor (ER) α‐positive cells, proliferating cells, apoptotic cells and malondialdehyde (MDA) expression in the pancreas of experimentally induced adult diabetic rats and to determine the effect of orally administered lycopene on these changes. Experimental diabetes was induced using a single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Following the administration of STZ, four groups of animals were established: Control + corn oil, control + lycopene, diabetic + corn oil and diabetic + lycopene. The expressions of ER α, Ki‐67, and MDA were determined through immunohistochemistry in sections taken from pancreas tissue samples at the end of the experiment. Apoptotic cells were determined through the TUNEL method. In the diabetic groups, the densities of ER α expression in islets and ER α‐positive cells in exocrine parts increased. Whereas the number of proliferating Ki‐67 positive cells was higher in the diabetic groups, no significant difference was observed in terms of apoptotic cell number between the control and diabetic groups. Lycopene in general did not have any effect on any of the parameters analyzed in the study. The presence of ER α‐positive cells around the islets was demonstrated for the first time in diabetic groups. Based on these observations, demonstrating the antioxidant effects of lycopene in the pancreas of diabetic rats may be possible by increasing the dose and/or the duration of lycopene. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:2000–2007, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prenatal maternal stress events and phenotypic outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Varcin Kandice J. , Alvares Gail A. , Uljarević Mirko , Whitehouse Andrew J. O.
Published: July 2017

There is significant heterogeneity amongst individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in symptom presentation and severity. An understanding of the factors that contribute to and modulate symptom severity are critical to informing prognosis, stratification, and treatment decisions. Maternal prenatal stress exposure is a nonspecific risk factor for a wide array of neurodevelopmental outcomes in subsequent offspring. Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal maternal stress may increase ASD risk and contribute to variability in autism‐like traits in the general population. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether prenatal maternal exposure to stressful life events is associated with symptom severity amongst individuals with ASD. We performed multiple regression analyses to examine associations between retrospectively recalled maternal prenatal stressful life events and the severity of ASD‐associated symptoms in 174 children with ASD (Mage = 9.09 years; SD = 3.81). ASD‐related symptom severity was measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and communication abilities were measured using the Children's Communication Checklist. Exposure to prenatal stressful life events was a significant predictor of ASD‐related symptom severity (t = 2.014; P = .048) and communication abilities (t = −2.925; P = .004) amongst children with ASD, even after controlling for a range of sociodemographic and obstetric variables. Follow‐up analyses demonstrated significant increases in symptom severity only in the context of multiple (two or more) prenatal stressful life events. Together, these findings indicate that ASD, in the context of prenatal maternal stress exposure, may be associated with a more severe phenotype, particularly when there are multiple prenatal exposures. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1866–1877. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

There is emerging evidence that prenatal maternal stress may increase the risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and contribute to variability in autism‐like traits in the general population. Here, we found that more stressful life events experienced during pregnancy was associated with more severe ASD‐related symptoms and poorer communication abilities amongst children with ASD. The results from this study suggest that prenatal maternal stress exposure and its sequelae may contribute to variability in symptom severity amongst children with ASD.
Identity matching to sample and exclusion performance in elderly with and without neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Camara Marina Ribeiro , Ducatti Mariana , Schmidt Andréia
Published: July 2017

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) affect complex processes of stimulus control, such as relational performance. The aims of this study were (a) to compare the performance of older adults with NCD with that of control older adults in generalized identity matching (GI) tests and in responding by exclusion probes and (b) to verify the effect of identity matching training on subsequent GI and exclusion tests, in older adults with NCD. Participants were 24 older adults (aged 60 to 92 years), eight without NCD (control group I [CG I]), and 16 with NCD: CG II, with accurate performance in the GI tests and the experimental group (EG), with low performance in these tests. After exclusion and GI tests with all participants, the EG underwent identity matching training with 3 pairs of visual stimuli, and exclusion and identity matching posttests. All participants of the CG I and CG II presented accurate performance in the tests. Seven of the 8 older adults of the EG achieved the learning criterion in the training and showed some improvement in the GI posttest; however, positive effects of the training were not observed in the exclusion posttests. Teaching procedures for identity matching in older adult patients with NCD can produce positive results; however, it is necessary to understand the relationship between cognitive decline and other relational performances.