bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analysis of certain fields of interventional drug trials registered with Clinical Trials Registry – India
Authors: Pillamarapu Mounika , Mohan Abhilash , Saberwal Gayatri
Published: May 2019

Background

There has been a significant increase in the number of trials registered with Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI) recently. We therefore wished to understand the current landscape of interventional, drug trials that have run in India.

Methods

We downloaded all trial records on 4 April 2018, and queried the data after it was formatted into an SQLite database. We distinguished trials hosted by India (India-only trials) and those co-hosted by India and other countries (India-etc trials).

Results

We analyzed eight fields of data, with the following key results: (a) Year of registration: The India-etc set suffered a serious dip in 2013. Both sets increased sharply in 2017. (b) Phase: Phase 3 trials were the most common in both sets of data, but were manifold more common in the India-etc set. 30% of the India-only trials had no phase information. (c) Trial sites: Four states each account for 50% or more of the sites in both sets of data. Also, 7–8 cities accounted for 50% or more sites in both sets. (d) Ethics committees: Over 70% of India-only trials had a single ethics committee, but the India-etc trials had a much greater spread. For each set, the maximum exceeded 60 committees per trial. (e) Principal Investigator (PI): 84% and 73% of PIs in the India-only and India-etc sets, respectively, had run a single trial each. One PI had run as many as 44 trials. (f) Primary sponsors: global pharma companies sponsored less than 5% of the India-only set but 92% of the India-etc set. (g) Fraction of subjects from India in India-etc trials: An abnormally large fraction of participants are not recruited from India. (h) Countries co-hosting the India-etc trials: The pattern was similar to that found for international trials co-hosted by Australia.

Conclusions

It is important to understand the landscape of trials being run in any country, to understand the recent past, in case of any red flags, and to serve as inputs to changes in policy. The data also serves as a baseline for the future, to ascertain the impacts of new policies, locally or globally.
The PICO Study: Impact of Phenylalanine on Cognitive, Cerebral and Neurometabolic Parameters in Adult Patients with Phenylketonuria – a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, Non-inferiority Trial
Authors: Trepp Roman , Muri Raphaela , Bosanska Lenka , Abgottspon Stephanie , Hochuli Michel , Slotboom Johannes , Kreis Roland , Rummel Christian , Everts Regula
Published: May 2019

Background

The population of adult patients with early-treated phenylketonuria (PKU) following newborn screening is growing substantially. The ideal target range of blood Phe levels in adults outside pregnancy is discussed controversially. Therefore, prospective intervention studies are needed to evaluate the effects of an elevated Phe concentration on cognition and structural, functional and neurometabolic parameters of the brain.

Methods

The PICO (Phenylalanine and Its Impact on Cognition) Study evaluates the effect of a 4-week phenylalanine (Phe) load on cognition and cerebral parameters in 30 adults with early-treated PKU in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, non-inferiority trial. The primary objective of the PICO Study is to prospectively assess whether a temporarily elevated Phe level influences cognitive performance in adults with early-treated PKU. As secondary objective, the PICO Study will elucidate cerebral and neurometabolic mechanisms, which accompany changes in Phe concentration using advanced neuroimaging methods. In addition to the intervention study, cognition, structural and functional parameters of the brain of adult patients with early-treated PKU will be cross-sectionally compared to healthy controls, who will be comparable with regard to age, gender and education level. Advanced MR-techniques will be used to investigate intensity of neural activation during the working memory task (fMRI), strength of functional connectivity between brain regions related to performance in working memory (rsfMRI), white matter integrity (DTI), cerebral blood flow (ASL) and brain Phe concentrations (MRS).

Discussion

Using a combination of neuropsychological and neuroimaging data, the PICO study will considerably contribute to improve the currently insufficient level of evidence on how adult patients with early-treated PKU should be managed.
Ghd8 regulates rice photosensitivity by forming a complex that interacts with Ghd7
Authors: Wang Peng , Gong Rong , Yang Ying , Yu Sibin
Published: May 2019

Background: Flowering time is one of the most important agronomic characteristics that ultimately determine yield potential and eco-geographical adaptation in crops. Ghd8 and Ghd7, two major flowering genes, have similar functions and large pleiotropic effects in controlling the heading date, plant height and grain yield of rice. However, these genes interact at the genetic and molecular levels has not been determined to date.
Results: In this study, we investigated the genetic interaction between Ghd8 and Ghd7 by using a set of near-isogenic lines and a panel of natural germplasm accessions in rice. We found that Ghd8 affected multiple agronomic traits in a functional Ghd7-dependent manner. Both functional Ghd8 and Ghd7 are pivotal for rice photosensitivity controlled by Hd1 and Hd3a. GHD8 could form a heterotrimeric complex with HD1 and OsHAP5b to activate the transcription of Ghd7 by binding directly to the promoter region of Ghd7, which contains the CCAAT-box motif.
Conclusions: The results of this study help to elucidate the genetic and molecular bases of Ghd8 and Ghd7 interactions, indicating that Ghd8 acts upstream of Ghd7 to activate its transcription, which inhibits Hd3a expression and thus affects flowering time and rice adaptation.
Does the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Map need to change again? An update of MS prevalence in Mazandaran province of Iran in 2018.
Authors: Baghbanian Seyed Mohammad , Cheraghmakani Hamed , HabibiSaravi Reza , Azar Arash , Ghasemihamedani Fariba
Published: May 2019

Background:
Information of Previous studies on the prevalence of MS, including our study conducted twelve years ago, used to shape global prevalence map of MS. According to those results, Iran placed in medium-prevalence MS region in the world Atlas of MS 2013.This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MS in Mazandaran province after twelve years and the need for possible changes in the global map of the prevalence of MS.

Methods:
We included all MS patients living in Mazandaran province in 2018 in this descriptive cross-sectional study. We updated our pre-existing registration questionnaires which included demographic information and medical data of MS patients by interview. We obtained the demographic profile of Mazandaran province from the most recent census in 2016 and the National Civil Registry of the Mazandaran province for calculating prevalence of MS.

Results:
The total number of MS patients in Mazandaran was 2418 (25.8% male and 74.2% female) with a female to male ratio of 2.9. Based on the local population of 3332556, (50.4% male and 49.6% female), this study showed a prevalence of 72.5 per 100,000 for MS in this region. The prevalence of this disease by gender was 37.1 per 100,000 for men and 108.5 per 100,000 for women. The mean (SD) age of the patients at the time of the study was 38.5 (10.1) years with a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 75 years. The most common type of MS was Relapsing-Remitting MS with 86%.

Conclusions:
All recent studies showed significant upward trend in the prevalence of MS around the world. Based on the results of our study and many other studies in Iran, the Atlas of MS prevalence map needs to be update. Iran's status should be changed to the high-prevalence of MS in the new Atlas. Due to the increasing prevalence of MS, we suggest an adjustment in the Global MS Prevalence Scale.
A Random Survey of Microbial Load in Dairy Products on Sale in Addis Ababa Supermarkets
Authors: Mariam Solomon H H.
Published: May 2019

Background: Food-borne infectious diseases cause huge economic loses, lowered quality of life and, in extreme cases, losses of lives. In general, these are global problems but the magnitudes differ. Pathogens involved include those of the genera Salmonellae, Escherichia, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Listeria, and Staphylococci. Infections follow consumption of contaminated foods or animal to human and human to human transmissions. Contaminated dairy products are among the top sources of food-borne infections. Most such infections come from unpasteurized dairy products, but pasteurized products are sometimes implicated. These occur because of either faulty pasteurization or due to post-pasteurization contaminations. Many factors hamper control of such infectious pathogens, including lack of vaccines, the presence of asymptomatic healthy carriers, existence of broad host range pathogens (with the hosts serving as reservoirs), resistance of pathogens to ordinary disinfectants, the long contamination-prone processes from production to consumption and increased frequency of resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance property is hazardous in itself (whether with or without the contaminants being pathogenic) considering the potential for interspecies transfer of these resistance traits (be they chromosomal or plasmid-borne) to commensal or pathogenic bacteria in clinical settings and/or in the food chain. In low income countries, the problems are further compounded by the limited capacity for accurate diagnosis, overlap of symptoms, and the resulting (hit-or-miss) empirical treatment. Here, samples of dairy products were purchased from Addis Ababa supermarkets. The samples were subjected to enrichment and selective cultures to test the presence of and isolate gram-negative bacteria. The isolates were characterized by biochemical and molecular methods.
Results: All milk samples harboured gram-negative bacilli, which are likely to constitute hazard to public health. Moreover, all of the isolates exhibited intermediate-level or higher resistance to two or more clinically relevant antibiotics. Sequence alignment showed the isolates to be most closely related to Salmonella enterica.
Conclusion: This work found high level of contamination in all sampled milk. The reason(s) for this burden of contamination (either ineffective pasteurization or post-pasteurization contamination) need to be elucidated for meaningful targeted control.
Intentional Injuries in Trauma Carry a Higher Risk of Mortality
Authors: Sait Saif , Ibrahim Yahya , Bakhshayesh Peyman
Published: May 2019

Background: There are several predictive models to identify risk factors for mortality in the context of trauma, such as Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Most of these models identify physiological parameters such as low GCS, presence of shock and on-going hemorrhage, or organ related injuries as potential risk factors for mortality. Intentional reason of injury is however, not being highlighted as a risk factor for mortality. We aimed to assess whether intentional injury was a contributing factor to mortality.
Methods: Data from SweTrau (Swedish National Trauma Registry). Intentional injuries compared to non-intentional injuries. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted. Stepwise forward and backward regression was conducted.
Results: A total number of 3875 patients were included. There were 3613 (93%) non-intentional and 262 (7%) intentional patients. The 30-day mortality rate was higher in the intentional group compared to non-intentional group, 10% vs. 4% (p<0.001). Patients in the intentional group were younger than the non-intentional group, at 39±18 vs. 47±21 years old (p<0.001). In both, the forward and backward tests injury intention remained statistically significant with OR 2 (CI 1.1-3.7). Shock (OR 4.7, CI 2.9-7.8), Severe Head Injury (OR 8.9, CI 5.3-14.7), Age ≥ 60 (OR 6.7, CI 4.1-10.8), ISS ≥16 (OR 10.8, CI 6.9-16.9) and ASA (OR 3.5, CI 2.2-5.7) were other factors affecting mortality.
Conclusion: Injury intention was an independent factor contributing to mortality in our study. This particular cohort need further attention during trauma management with a holistic insight to improve their survival.
The diagnostic ability of circulatory measurements from OCTA for glaucoma compared with structural measurements from OCT: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ning Qingyao , Cao Jing , Lou Lixia , Jin Kai , Liu Zhifang , Dai Xizhe , Ye Juan
Published: May 2019

Background

OCTA was a new non-invasive technique to detect blood perfusion in several layers of retina. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic advantages of OCTA circulatory parameters comparing with OCT structural parameters, and the diagnostic ability of the parameters between patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and intraocular pressure (IOP)>21 mmHg.

Methods

Four databases were searched (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE) for articles published up to Dec 2018. Pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of OCTA and OCT parameters were used to perform the meta-analysis using Stata 15.0. The quality of included studies was accessed using the QUADAS-2 tool.

Results

Nine studies were selected from initial 1491 articles, involving 886 patients and more than 1149 eyes. Whole enface image vessel density (wiVD) (disc scan), ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) showed the best AUROC, which was 0.93, 0.94 and 0.92. Then followed by peripapillary VD (0.84), inside disc VD (0.84), wiVD (macular scan) (0.70), and parafoveal VD (0.65). Subgroup analysis showed AUROC of GCC and inside disc VD was 0.97 and 0.93 in the group with NTG, 0.92 and 0.77 in the group with IOP>21 mmHg.

Conclusion

Structural parameters (RNFL and GCC) are well-behaved in diagnosing all types glaucoma. WiVD (disc scan) represents good diagnostic accuracy of glaucoma comparable to structural parameters. Inside disc VD performed strong diagnostic ability for NTG patients.
Relationship among foveal avascular zone area, vessel density and foveal ganglion cell layer thickness changes in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Wang Xiang-ning , Li Shu-ting , Du Xin-hua , Wu Qiang
Published: May 2019

Background

To (i) evaluate the variations in the foveal avascular zone area (FAZ), vessel density (VD) and foveal ganglion cell layer (GCC) thickness changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR), as demonstrated by OCT angiography (OCTA) and (ii) correlate these variations.

Methods

This study was a retrospective observational case series of patients with DR. We studied a total of 64 eyes from patients with diabetic mellitus (DM), including 34 eyes with DR (DR group) and 30 eyes with DM without DR (NDR group). Additionally, 20 age-matched normal people were included as the control group. OCTA was performed using an NIDEK RS-3000 Advance device. Retinal capillary VD, FAZ area and GCC thickness were measured in the foveal regions (3*3 mm).

Results

The FAZ areas in the superficial (SRL) and deep capillary plexus layer (DL) were significantly enlarged in both the NDR and DR groups compared with the control group (p<0.05). In both the NDR and DR groups, the mean VD% in the SRL/DL, the SupGCC and InfGCC thickness were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the NDR and DR groups for these measurements. Multivariable linear regression showed that the AvgGCC thickness was correlated with FAZ area (b=-11.372, p=0.001) and VD% (b=0.752, p=0.007) in the DL.

Conclusions

The FAZ area, mean VD% and GCC thickness in DR patients were differed compared with healthy controls. The AvgGCC thickness was correlated with FAZ area and VD% in the DL.
A Consideration of the Relationship Between Music and Place Through the Example of Belgrade “New Wave” Rock ‘n’ Roll Music
Authors: Ristivojević Marija
Published: May 2019

This paper represents an attempt to shed light on the connection between “music” and “place”. As both of these concepts are socio-cultural categories, the relationship between the two represents a kind of cultural construction, rendering it a viable anthropological topic. I will consider this issue using the example of the influence of “new wave” rock music in the 80’s on the formation of a specific Belgrade identity, which will, for the purpose of this analysis be signified as the “new wave identity”. By analyzing the narratives about this phenomenon at the time of its inception and duration, I shall attempt to note and highlight the key elements that constitute this identity, in order to draw attention to the formation of a certain local authenticity in cooperation with these elements.
Solitary Fibrous tumor arising from the Omentum
Authors: A Salem , M Madden , P Bateson
Published: May 2019

A 60-year old man presented with a one week history of intermittent periumbilical pain. He had weight loss of half a stone over 6 weeks and abdominal distension for 2 weeks, there was no other systemic complaint. General examination revealed bilateral Dupuytren`s contracture and grade 4 finger clubbing. Abdominal palpation revealed a very large non tender mass. The Liver and spleen were difficult to assess because of the size of the mass. Rectal examination was normal. An abdominal Ultrasound showed a central abdominal mass of mixed echogenicity. CT scan showed a large lobulated mass with overlying serpinginous vessels with a clear plane posteriorly separating it from the retro-peritoneum. Liver, spleen and pancreas showed no abnormality. CT scan of the chest showed no abnormality. Core biopsy under ultrasound guidance revealed features consistent with a solitary fibrous tumor, haemangiopericytoma or angiosarcoma. The patient underwent a midline laparotomy. The huge mass was attached to the greater omentum by a pedicle with minimal adhesions to the lateral peritoneum. It was excised compeletly. The post-operative course was uneventful. Gross pathological findings macroscopically revealed the mass measuring 24x19x10 cm, weighing 3870 grams and on section it was a fleshy lobulated tumour with a few cystic areas. There was some attenuated fat on part of the surface. Histologically, the architecture was pattern-less with prominent stromal hyalinization, varying cellularity (mainly spindle and ovoid cells) and branching (haemangiopericytoma-like) vessels.
Recurrent Askin`s Tumor: Ewing`s Sarcoma / Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of chest wall
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad
Published: May 2019

A care of recurrent Askin`s tumor is presented occurring in a 13 year old boy. Askinâ€™s tumor is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumor of chest wall and belong to Ewing family of soft tissue sarcoma. It is extremely malignant with a high frequency of both metastatic spread and local recurrence. Multi-drug chemotherapy as well as local disease control with surgery and / or radiation is indicated in the treatment of all patients
Gastric Volvulus and Splenic Hematoma in a Paraoesophageal Hernia
Authors: Khan Hassan , E Epanomeritakis , T Diamond
Published: May 2019

A 70 year old gentleman presented with features of gastric outlet obstruction. He had recently been investigated for upper GI symptoms and a barium meal had revealed a large paraoesophageal hernia. He had positive gastric splash. Endoscopy confirmed the presence of a hiatus hernia with associated gastric volvulus. He underwent exploratory laparotomy and was found to have a large paraoesophageal hernial sac containing most of the stomach, part of the omentum and the spleen. There was organoaxial volvulus of the stomach and a large subcapsular splenic haematoma. Splenectomy with repair of the hernia and gastropexy was performed after reducing the contents and excising the sac. He recovered well and was discharged on the eleventh postoperative day
Mucocele of Appendix
Authors: Khan Naeem Ahmad , Zaidi Nasir Raza , Qureshi Saleem , Sheikh Qamar Sardar , Waraich Nadeem
Published: May 2019

A 55 years old patient presented with pain in the right lumber region/Right iliac fossa for last two months. He also complains of fever off and on for last 2-3 months. He got intermittent treatment from one of the rural health centre in Manga Mendi Lahore. On examination in surgical emergency there was a mobile mass felt in the right iliac fossa. On abdominal ultrasound there was a long 11 X 5 cm well defined tubular mass with blind end is seen in the right iliac fossa. The mass is mobile while pressing with the ultrasound probe. This tubular structure shows typical Onion skin appearance. There was no evidence of any free fluid in the vicinity & in pelvis. No evidence of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes noted in Right Iliac fossa. This tubular mass was clearly separated from the iliac vessels & ileal loops. Other findings on ultrasound was bilateral multiple renal cysts and two calculi impacted in the right utero-vesical junction with mild to moderate retrospective obstructive uropathy. The diagnosis on ultrasound was Mucocele of Appendix. On surgery there was large 11-12 cm tubular mass seen in the right iliac fossa which is freely mobile. The mass was surgically removed. On dissection there was whitish thick secretion seen coming out of the tubular mass. On histopathology Mucocele of appendix is confirmed
Myocardial Infarction under age 40: Risk factors and Coronary Arteriographic findings
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Shafique Qaiser
Published: May 2019

Objective: To evaluate risk factors and arteriography findings in young patients under 40 year of age admitted with first acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Design: A prospective descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Cardiology Department, Allama Iqbal Medical College/ Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from July 2002 to June 2003. Patients and Methods: During the study period, 274 patients with first AMI were admitted in our coronary care unit and 52 (19%) were under 40 year of age. These 52 patients underwent pre-discharge coronary arteriography. Results: Forty-five (87%) were male and seven (13%) were female. Risk factors in all study patients were smoking in 79%, systemic hypertension in 35%, diabetes mellitus in 31%, hyperlipidemia in 19% and family history of premature coronary artery disease in 17%. Risk factors were distinctly less frequent in patients without coronary atherosclerosis. Cigarette smoking was the main risk factor in male patients while diabetes and hypertension were main risk factors in female patients. Forty-six patients (88%) had significant CAD (greater than 50% diameter narrowing of at least one major coronary artery), 5(10%) had normal coronary arteries and one patient (2%) had marked coronary ectasia. In patients with significant coronary artery disease, the prevalence rate of one, two and three vessel disease was 52, 28 and 20 percent, respectively. No patient had congenital coronary anomaly or significant left main CAD. Conclusion: AMI in persons under the age of 40 years accounts for approximately 19% of AML In this age group, AMI is a disease of men who smoke & single vessel CAD predominates. Approximately half of the young patients have single vessel coronary disease, and in up to 10%, the cause is not related to atherosclerosis. Coronary angiography may be warranted in young patients with AMI to define the anatomy of the disease and to permit optimal management
Role of Mesh Repair in incisional hernia
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ishaque , Ahmed Gulzar , Malik Gulzar Ahmad , Muneer Muhammad , Rehman Atiq Ur
Published: May 2019

Surgery Design: A case series study Purpose: 1) To study the protocol for repair of incisional hernia. 2) To compare different other methods of repair given in literature with prosthetic mesh repair in terms of advantages / disadvantages of the prosthetic repair. Suit & period: The study was conducted in Surgical Unit, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from August 19, 1997 to January 31, 2000. Material & method: This was a prospective type of case series study. Selection criteria of the patients in this study was that all adult patients of either sex being diagnosed as the case of incisional hernia and have undergone repair by the prosthetic mesh during this study period were included in the study. A record of patient`s data, previous surgery, the size of the defect, which gives idea about indication for surgery, was noted. A record of their postoperative course and a follow-up for four months was made. Results: In this study we have included 23 patients. Out of these 15 were female and 8 were male. The age was ranging from 28 - 65 years, with an average of 43 years. Patients presented with pain/ discomfort, Gradual increase in size of defect and unacceptable appearance in all patients, sub acute obstruction in 3 patients, Intestinal obstruction in 2 patients & Skin ulceration in 2 patients. Ten patients had got uneventful satisfactory post-operative course. Six patients developed wound infection; one patient developed seroma & was cured by needle aspiration & antibiotic. Five patients developed sinus. 2 of them cured without any surgical intervention with antiseptic dressings and antibiotics after culture and sensitivity. 3 needed exploration, 2 of them cured satisfactorily but in 1 patient because of continuing infection mesh was removed after one year and recurrence took place. No mortality, enterocutaneous fistula or haematoma was noted. One patient developed MY D.V.T. and was managed by Medical advice. Conclusion: Although wide variety of procedures has been adopted for recurrent ventral hernia repair. The prosthetic repair with prolene mesh is most cost effective and efficient method of dealing with incisional hernia.
Medicolegal aspects of Nasal Bone Fractures
Authors: Khan Tahir Qadeer , Ahmad Khawja Khurshid , Shaukat Asim , Yamin Yasser , Ahmad Sarfraz , M A Jawaid Siddiqui
Published: May 2019

Conducted in the Department of Radiology, Lahore in collaboration with Surgeon Medico Legal and his team, this study contained 50 patients who presented with trauma to the face and the clinical suspicion was of Nasal Bone fracture. All the patients underwent X ray examination of the Nose. The x ray examination showed that all of the patients did not have Fractures 40 patients had fracture of Nasal bone and this changed the management as well as the severity of the injury and hence the punishment
Epistaxis: Etiology and management
Authors: Ali Shahid , Mumtaz Sami , Saeed Mohammad
Published: May 2019

This prospective study was conducted in ENT department at Lahore General Hospital Lahore with objectives to evaluate the patients for various etiological factors and to study the effects of various treatment modalities. The most common cause of epistaxis was trauma and bleeding usually stopped by conservative measures. The most common medical condition associated with epistaxis was hypertension, which responded well to medical treatment. Nonsurgical treatment was effective in majority of our patients; surgical treatment was considered in cases of failure of non-surgical methods.
Comparative study of lateral Internal Sphincterotomy verses Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate for treatment of fissure-in-Ano
Authors: Farooq Ajmal , Niaz Zahid
Published: May 2019

This prospective randomized interventional study was carried in one of surgical unit of Lahore General Hospital Lahore from 1st January 2002 to 30, December 2002 a total number of 100 patients with both acute and chronic anal fissure were taken and randomly divided in two groups. Group A was treated with 0.2% GTN for 6 weeks and Group B was treated with lateral internal closed Sphincterotomy a follow up after 0, 2nd, 61h weeks and even after 6 months carried out. Peak incidence of disease was observed between 30 and 40 years of age with 56 males and 44 females. 24% patients were with acute fissure and 76% with chronic fissure. In this study with 0.2% GTN overall healing rate of 66.66% for acute fissure and 63.15% for chronic anal fissure was observed. GTN was found less effective in healing the fissure but some what good for initial symptomatic improvement in its comparison 100% healing was observed with lateral internal sphincterotomy with only 10% transient incontinence for flatus. So it was concluded that lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior to GTN and is the procedure of choice for fissure in ano.
Anterior (Corneal) Trabeculectomy for Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Sahaf Imran Akram
Published: May 2019

The control of IOP in patients with neovascular glaucoma has always been difficult and results are frustrating. This study presents a modification to original technique of trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C by dissecting further into clear cornea and avoiding fibrovascular tissue in the angle. This helps to decrease the chances of trabeculectomy failure. In this study 22 eyes of twenty two patients with neovascular glaucoma were treated with this modification. Almost all the patients were symptom free. Closure of created fistula was seen only in one patient. The complications seen were minimal. This technique has a good potential for further applications as well
Prevalence of Obesity in Primary School children
Authors: Muzaffar Rizwana , Tahir Zarfishan
Published: May 2019

The prevalence of childhood obesity has risen dramatically in the past several decades. This condition is still under diagnosed and under treated. This study was carried out in four, schools of Hafizabad city to assess prevalence of obesity in school children aged 6-12 years.
Death in Police Custody - Non Traumatic Causes
Authors: Perveen Zainab , Ashrafi Nadeem Afzal
Published: May 2019

Death occurring in Police custody is not an in frequent occurrence. It is always presumed by the Press, Public and Administrative authorities that cause of death in all such cases would be due to Physical torture. A study of deaths in Police custody presented to the Standing Medical Board for examination for the last three years were examined to determine causes of death in this situation on scientific grounds. The various non-traumatic causes of death found are due to natural diseases and self-poisoning.
Penetrating Neck Injury: Mandatory exploration versus conservative approach
Authors: Majid Muhammad Hamid , Ayyaz Mahmood , Fahim Faraz
Published: May 2019

This study is designed to investigate the outcome of patients managed on both conservative as well as operative protocols and then compare the two groups for morbidity and mortality. It is a comparative study comparing the groups of patients with operative and non operative intervention done for penetrating neck trauma at Mayo Hospital Lahore for a period of six years from September 1995 to August 2001. All patients of age more than 12 years of age presenting with penetrating cervical trauma in our emergency were included in study. In patients with multiple injuries mortality and morbidity of only cervical trauma was compared. Neck was divided in to three zones according to recognized anatomical landmarks. In conservative group 38.9% developed complications where as in other group 46.4%, developed complications This difference was not significant (p=0.05) Mean hospital stay was 10 days in the conservative group where as 4 days in other group which was statistically significant. Hence we conclude that patients with penetrating neck injuries who are clinically stable can be managed conservatively after appropriate investigations.
Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water along the Karakorum Highway (KKH)
Authors: Akhlaque Mohammad , Chaudhry Naseer Ahmad , Khan Farakh A
Published: May 2019

The present study was undertaken to asses the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Northern Areas of Pakistan. This study was comprised of total 32 water samples taken from river, water in distribution system and spring from different areas along the Karakorum Highway (KKH) from Thahkot to Khunjrab pass. Chlorination may affect the results, so its status was enquired from the local peoples and found that none of the 32 sample points in the residential areas were chlorinated. All the water samples were tested for contamination by H2S strip Test. This study revealed that, according to WHO standard all types of water supplies along KKH are unfit for human consumption.
Experience with Blind Nasotracheal Intubation for Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis at Mayo Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Javed Khalid , Amjad Ambrin , Aziz Muhammad Abdul
Published: May 2019

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis presents a serious problem for airway management. Alternate or additional technique of airway control are required in this condition. Different options include blind nasotracheal intubation, fiberoptic intubation, retrograde intubation or tracheostomy. Moreover, the patient could be awake or asleep. The purpose of our study was to describe our experience with blind nasotracheal intubation after induction of general anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation in patients of temporomandibular ankylosis presenting for corrective surgery. This experience was gained on all the patients of temporomandibular joint ankylosis presenting to fasciomaxillary department at Mayo Hospital, Lahore over a period of 1 1/2 years. The surgery done was gap arthroplasty with genioplasty. Thirty six patients (male:24, female: 12) with age ranging between 3 years to 25 years with a mean of 12.56 years were studied. All the patients received premedication with atropine 10mg/kg body weight to dry up secretion. Patients were deeply anaesthetized with Halothane, Nitrous oxide with 50% oxygen. Thirty four patients were successfully intubated. Blind nasal intubation failed in 2 patients. The successful blind nasotracheal intubation for surgery for TMJ ankylosis needs adequately and deeply anaesthetized patients, relatively small well lubricated endotracheal tube passed through patent naris with atropine as premedication.
Is secondary achalasia a reality? Primary versus secondary achalasia: Role of barium swallow
Authors: Ahmad Khawaja Khurshid , Shaukat Asim , Ali Muhammad , Amin Yasser , Qadeer Tahir , Ahmad Sarfraz
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted in the Department of Radiology Mayo Hospital, Lahore from January 2002 to December 2002. 30 Patients with findings on barium swallow of Achalasia were taken. Post procedure follow up was carried out either in the shape of endoscopic biopsy or post operative biopsy. The results showed that 25 out of 30 had Primary Achalasia and 5 had Secondary Achalasia. The results were compared with age of the patients and it was found that Secondary Achalasia, which was due to carcinoma of the lower esophagus or fundus of stomach, was virtually non existent before the age of 30. These were 5 patients all above 30 years of age.
The Job is not yet over
Authors: Mahboob Fatima
Published: May 2019

Cirrhosis of liver is a chronic disease. Chronic dysfunction of liver disturbs different body functions and metabolic pathways. As cases of chronic liver disease are on the increase, a multidisciplinary approach is needed for the welfare of the patients. Usually the discharge slips of the admitted patients are prepared by adjustment of dosage in different circumstances. The aim of the present study is to highlight the importance of the knowledge of the patient about their disease and its expected complications. It is prospective hospital based case study. One hundred patients of cirrhosis of liver were included in the study. The patients were admitted in North Medical Ward of Mayo Hospital, Lahore during February 2002 to February 2003. A questionnaire was prepared and the required information was obtained from the patient/attendant and was recorded in the proforma. The patients are not having much information about the amount of salt to be taken. No clear idea about water intake, protein intake and daily caloric intake. They are not aware of modifying or adjusting the dosage of different drugs. Many complications are avoidable. It is a chronic process. The patient`s education is a must to improve quality of life, to decrease number of hospital admissions and to lessen the misery of rest of the family due to repeated admissions.
Contrast filled Urinary Bladder versus early phase Contrast Enhanced CT for Urinary Bladder
Authors: Chaudhry Aamer Nadeem , Shaukat Asim , Mehdi Syed Anjum , Khan Tahir Qadeer , Ali Muhammad
Published: May 2019

Urinary bladder tumors are neoplasms which present as hematuria and sometimes if the lesion is small, then it becomes difficult to detect. We conducted this study to evaluate to different types of techniques for CT of urinary bladder. One with contrast filled urinary bladder and other with Contrast enhanced urinary bladder with the contrast not in the lumen of urinary bladder. 25 patients were evaluated, 18 of the cases were positive as far as the contrast filled bladder was concerned while 23 patients showed the abnormally enhancing bladder wall. 3 were negative in both techniques and were proven carcinoma on cystoscopy.
Interstitial lung markings on HRCT Chest
Authors: Shaukat Aamer , Shaukat Asim , Ahmad Khawaja Khurshid , Ali Muhammad
Published: May 2019

We undertook this study, with the objective of identifying various patterns through which the thickness of interstitium present. 25 patients of interstitial thickness on HRCT were taken. Interstitial thickening was subdivided into three groups. Smooth, Nodular and Irregular. Through this we narrowed the differential diagnosis list and helped the clinician in guiding through the diagnosis. 16 patients had irregular thickening , 5 had nodular thickening.
Educação e dever de memória: as possibilidades de emancipação na sociedade de mercado
Authors: Savi Neto Pedro
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo, fundamentado em uma pesquisa teórica, tem como objetivoanalisar algumas consequências do direcionamento cada vez mais explícito eintenso da educação para o atendimento de interesses econômicos, a partirdo ferramental teórico da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, em especial do NovoImperativo Categórico de Theodor W. Adorno. Partindo desse relacionamentocada vez mais íntimo, pretende-se pensar as possibilidades de emancipação dosujeito pela educação no interior de um mundo administrado por interesseseconômicos. Em contraposição a isso, será tensionada a tarefa fundamental daeducação com o dever de memória, tal qual tematizado por Reyes Mate.
O ensino de matemática na educação profissional técnica: uma análise curricular
Authors: Gonçalves Harryson Júnio Lessa , Dias Ana Lúcia Braz , Peralta Deise Aparecida
Published: May 2019

O artigo visa, a partir da caracterização da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica nosistema educacional brasileiro, discutir necessidades, dificuldades e estratégiasdidáticas apresentadas por professores brasileiros sobre a Matemática emcursos técnicos da área de indústria de uma escola pública do Brasil. Paratanto, conduziu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, construída a partir dos seguintesprocedimentos metodológicos: visitas técnicas à escola investigada, análise decurrículos e entrevistas com professores. O estudo revela que a matemática naeducação profissional técnica (concomitante/subsequente) apresenta-se comobase tecnológica, devendo então estar atrelada à formação matemática dosalunos, superando perspectivas meramente instrumentais de ensino.
Pelatihan Self-Control For Pupils (Stop) untuk Meningkatkan Kontrol diri Siswa SMP
Authors: Perdana Yudhistira Adi , Setiyawati Diana
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Teenagers are a transition to adulthood. At that time, adolescents experienced various changes in his life. Teenagers are at risk of experiencing various problems. Characteristics of these teenagers make it requires a skill in coping with the problem. Self-control is one of the most important factors in adolescent life. Self-control has two main components, namely emotion expression and adaptive behavior. Self-control can be improved with training. This study aims to determine the effect of Self-control for Pupils (STOP) training on self-control of Junior High School. Student self-control is measured using self-control scale. The subjects in this study were eight people of Junior High School who became experimental groups. The results of the study indicate that Self-control for Pupils (STOP) training does not significantly affect student self-control (t = -1,158; p = 0,285; p > 0.05). Keyword: self-control; training; experimental
Effect of Torrefaction Temperature, Residence Time and Particle Size on the Properties of Torrefied Food Waste
Authors: Rasid Ruwaida Abdul , Chin Thye Mei , Ismail Mazni , Rahman Nahsya Nur Udzaifah Abdul
Published: May 2019

Municipal solid waste (MSW) in Malaysia mainly consists of food waste. As food waste is of organic compounds, its improper management may cause serious environmental issues, as it may produce greenhouse gases and polluting leachate. Alternative management of the food waste is through its utilization. However, the main issue in the utilization of food waste is its heterogeneity, whereby the diversified cooking methods, as well as food origin, emanates different characteristics. Hence, food waste needs to be pre-treated through the torrefaction process, which is a thermochemical method that converts it to biochar at a temperature between 200–300 °C in an inert environment. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of food waste as a potential source of energy through the torrefaction process. The torrefaction of food waste was conducted in a vertical tubular reactor under an inert atmosphere. The results obtained from this study showed that as torrefaction temperature became more severe, the produced torrefied solid is more energy-dense, with apparent higher fixed carbon content and improved heating values. These findings imply that food waste may be able to be utilized as a solid biofuel, with fuel properties comparable to conventional fuels.
The Contribution of Calcium to Changes in Leaf Anatomical Character of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) under Drought Stress
Authors: Sari Novi Yulanda , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila
Published: May 2019

The research was purposed  (1) to know the effects of drought stress on changes in leaf anatomical character of oil palm seedlings (2) to know the contribution of calcium in cell compactness and increase the structural strength of leaf tissue so that oil palm seedlings were more tolerant to drought stress. This experiment was laid out following a split plot design with three blocks as replication. Main plot consists of drought stress levels, that are field capacity (FTSW 1.00), moderate drought stress (FTSW 0.35) and severe drought stress (FTSW 0.15). The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) is a method for evaluating gradually increasing drought stress based on the amount of water loss due to transpiration. Meanwhile, subplot consists of four doses of calcium (Ca), that are of 0.0 g/seedlings, 0.04 g/seedlings, 0.08 g/seedlings, and 0.12 g/seedlings. Calcium fertilizer used is calcium sulfate (CaSO4) pure analysis. Leaf anatomical character was observed including the epidermal length and epidermal width; hypodermal length and hypodermal width; palisade cell length and palisade cell width; sponge cell length and sponge cell width; mesophyll tissue thickness; xylem and phloem diameter. The results showed that moderate and severe drought stress reduced epidermal cell length, upper hypodermal cell width, mesophyll thickness, palisade width and phloem diameter of leaf vessels. The applications of calcium to the leaf of oil palm seedlings under drought stresses were able to increased in the sponge cell length at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; increased lower hypodermal width and diameter phloem at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; and increased diameter xylem of leaves vessel at a Ca dosage of 0.12 g/seedlings.
Profil penyakit kulit pada pelajar sekolah asrama di Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Rayinda Tuntas , Susetiati Devi Artami , Febriana Sri Awalia
Published: May 2019

Individuals who live in boarding schools often experience various skin diseases, both infection and non-infectious because of exposure to various risk factors such as hormonal changes, poor hygiene and sanitation, and dense living quarters. To date, data on the prevalence of disease in adolescents in boarding schools are still very limited. This study is an observational cross-sectional study that aims to describe skin diseases that often occur in adolescents who live in boarding schools. Surveys and clinical examinations are carried out by dermatologist. Based on a survey of 1,250 students aged 10 - 16 years, 1,073 students (85.8%) had at least one skin disease. A total of 1,073 cases from 27 different types of skin diseases were found in these students. The five most common skin diseases are dermatophytosis, scabies, acne vulgaris, ecthyma, and pityriasis versicolor. Education, periodic surveys, mass treatment, and interventions to improve hygiene and living conditions are key to success in the management of skin diseases in students living in boarding schools.
Culture Sensitive and Child Friendly Curriculum Framework for Tribal School Education
Authors: Sudhakar Dr. V.
Published: May 2019

A number of efforts have been initiated by the state in collaboration with various non-governmental organizations for extending quality schooling and to raise academic standards for providing opportunities to tribes in the national and global market. In spite of many top-level interventions, the present status of tribal education is not satisfactory and the schooling system has not become children and community centric. There is an immediate need to rethink and critically reflect on the fundamental assumptions and basic underpinnings of the teaching learning processes and most importantly the curricular practices in the educational settings. This paper is an attempt construct culture sensitive and child friendly curriculum framework for tribal school education.
The Importance of Students Engaging in Anti-Racism Education: A Case Study
Authors: Heaton Adam P
Published: May 2019

While adults generally acknowledge that children are susceptible by what they see and hear in their social surrounds, many do not believe children can be shaped by racist discourse. Based on anti-racism learning outcomes achieved among two cohorts of 12-14-year-old Grade Eight students—the entirety of who initially held racist perspectives of Aboriginal Australians, this paper argues the need for schools to engage all students in anti-racism education.
Las reformas administrativas para el tratamiento de la lepra en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Uribe Ángel Jorge Tomás
Published: May 2019

Los principales problemas de salud pública que afrontaba el virreinato de la Nueva Granada eran, según lo reconocían las propias autoridades, los relativos a la viruela y a la lepra. A pesar de que esta última, enfermedad de lento desarrollo que sólo se manifestaba en un sector muy reducido de la población, no alcanzaba las dimensiones catastróficas y repentinas de las viruelas, despertaba sentimientos de miedo y de repulsa que contribuyeron por una parte, a reforzar el imaginario en virtud del cual, los leprosos debían vivir separados del cuerpo social, y por la otra a que el sector institucional tomara medidas con base en el carácter contagioso que se le atribuía a la enfermedad. Ese carácter contagioso fue el que estimuló a las autoridades a aislar el grupo leproso, a través de una serie de medidas, como paite del tratamiento de tipo institucional que recibió ese núcleo a partir de 1750, fecha que señala la presencia de una documentación relativamente numerosa sobre el particular y fecha, también, a partir de la cual se empezó a crear el ambiente propicio para la introducción de esas medidas, cuyo análisis es el objeto de este artículo.