bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Tentang Remunerasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Di Politeknik Negeri Malang
Authors: Rusli Rusli
Published: June 2020

Abstract: Remuneration is the implementation of Minister of Research,Technology and Higher Education Regulation Number 31 Year 2016 andMalang State Polytechnic Director Regulation Number 262 2016 which isgiven to employees with the status of Civil Servants. The purpose of this studywas to examine and analyze the effect of remuneration on job satisfaction,remuneration on employee performance, job satisfaction on performance andthe effect of remuneration on employee performance at the State Polytechnicof Malang through employee job satisfaction at the State Polytechnic ofMalang. This study uses a quantitative approach by emphasizing its analysisof numerical data that is processed by statistical methods in the context ofsubmitting hypotheses. The sample used was 75 employee respondents at thecentral office with the status of Civil Servants. The results showed thatremuneration had a significant effect on job satisfaction, remuneration had asignificant effect on employee performance, job satisfaction had a significanteffect on employee performance and remuneration had a significant effect onemployee performance mediated by variable job satisfaction.Keywords: Remuneration, job satisfaction, employee performance
CSR ACTIVITIES IN THE CZECH SME SEGMENT
Authors: Metzker Zdenko , Streimikis Justas
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to find out the perception of the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by the segment of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic. In connection with the objectives of the study, a questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample of 419 respondents – business owners and managers. The data were collected from September 2019 to January 2020. χ2 and Z-score were used to assess the hypotheses. It was found that there were statistical differences in the perception of some aspects of the positive impact of the introduction of the CSR concept in case of monitoring responses based on the geographic scope of the business. The results showed that although the manager should take into account the ethical and moral implications of his decisions, less than half of the respondents are familiar with the concept of CSR and enforce it in their management practice and ultimately managers cannot identify positive benefits from CSR implementation – it declares positive answers whose values oscillate around 30%. The findings show that there are no statistically significant differences in the answers of managers depending on the size of the company - this proves that micro, small and medium enterprises, respectively their managers do not differ in their attitudes to the topic of CSR. The final effect of the paper is to show the perception of the concept of CSR of entrepreneurs - respondents in the Czech Republic.
EVALUATION OF ePARTICIPATION SERVICES ON CZECH MUNICIPAL WEBSITES
Authors: Ardielli Eva
Published: June 2020

Rapid expansion of eParticipation as a tool of engagement and strengthened cooperation between governments and citizens is a contemporary trend worldwide. The objective is to improve access to information and public services as well as to promote participation in policy-making by usage of Information and Communication Technologies. eParticipation is also considered as a necessary component or a prerequisite of eDemocracy. The paper is focused on the issue of eParticipation and its application on local level of government in the Czech Republic. The aim of the research is to evaluate the offer and availability of eParticipation services provided on the municipal websites by the municipalities with extended powers in Moravian-Silesian Region. The methodology and structure of the criteria for assessing the level of eParticipation services in the presented research was designed on the basis of the Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide methodology. The data were obtained from author`s own investigation on the municipal websites. The data analysis was supplemented by cluster analysis. On the basis of the results of cluster analyses, the municipalities were divided according to their success in the selected criteria. The results of the research point out the insufficient offer of eParticipation services on municipal websites and on the poor options of citizen´s eParticipation at the local level of government in the Moravian-Silesian Region. Similar results may be expected across the Czech Republic. The results of this research are particularly relevant to the municipal authorities of the selected region and local government to indicate the weaknesses of online opportunities for society. At present, the topic of participation at the local level is very important as it contributes to the implementation of the concept of Smart Cities. This research emphasizes that the offer and availability of eParticipation services for citizens needs to be expanded. It is very useful and comfortable to use current technological possibilities and offer participation services online.
Role of liquid biopsy for thoracic cancers immunotherapy
Authors: Di Liello Raimondo , Cimmino Flora , Simón Soraya , Giunta Emilio Francesco , De Falco Vincenzo , Martín-Martorell Paloma
Published: June 2020

Immunotherapy has shifted the therapeutic landscape in thoracic cancers. However, assessment of biomarkers for patient selection and disease monitoring remain challenging, especially considering the lack of tissue sample availability for clinical and research purposes. In this scenario, liquid biopsy (LB), defined as the study and characterization of biomarkers in body fluids, represents a useful alternative strategy. In other malignancies such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer or melanoma, the potential of LB has been more extensively explored for monitoring minimal residual disease or response to treatment, and to investigate mechanisms of resistance to targeted agents. Even if various experiences have already been published about the applications of LB in immunotherapy in thoracic cancers, the standardization of methodology and assessment of its clinical utility is still pending. In this review, the authors will focus on the applications of LB in immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and malignant pleural mesothelioma, describing available data and future perspectives.
O Abismo e o Cinema moderno: Não seria só o apocalipse quem poderia nos libertar?
Authors: Araújo Régis Frota
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this work is to emphasize the identity nature of onirophile cinema - lover of dreams -, and the erotic imagery that rescues contemporary depression from the joy of living and dreaming. There are films and filmmakers - such as Glauber, Lars Von Trier, Hitchcock, Kubrick, etc. - that identify the existence of factual life situations in which man and society are on the verge of an abyss, a collapse, or related themes with death tensions in the most Freudian sense of the term, or by explicit styles of images constructed from vertigo and threats of nuclear destruction.
BIBLIOGRAFIA DEL ROMANTICISMO EN ESPAÑA (2000)
Authors: Dendle Brian J.
Published: June 2020

Sin información.
Kidz Jaman Now Effect: How Millennials’ Opinion Leader In Social Media Can Influence Their Followers’ Intention To Pay Zakat
Authors: Afridiana Nurita , Rohman Abdu , Sugih Ningsih Kartika
Published: June 2020

This study examines the relationship of Opinion Leader postings in Instagram that share information about Zakat towards the Intention of Pay Zakat. In 2030 Indonesia gets demographic bonus with 52.9% of total work force comes from millennials generation. Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) require appropriate promotional strategies to prospective muzakki of the millennials generation. Previous studies showed millennials closely with social media and are easily affected by peers. Pre-test-post test experimental study was conducted using online questionnaire to see the relation of zakat ad education content posted by millennials favoured opinion leader on social media of Instagram on the intention of paying zakat. Opinion leaders used in this research are Ria Ricis as an instagram’s celebrity, Retno Hening as a parenting millennials, Ridwan Kamil as a government figures, and Muzzamil Hasbullah as a religious leaders. By using Theory Planned Behaviour and Source of Credibility, this research examine opinion leader which is effective in increasing intention to pay zakat. From the theory of source of credibility can be known opinion leader who effectively affect the intention to pay zakat from the side of expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. So, this study can provide an insight on the LAZ in the selection of appropriate zakat product endorsers for the millennials generation segment.
The Analysis of Surabaya Muzaki’s Preference for Zakat Payment through Zakat Digital Method
Authors: Tantriana Deasy , Rahmawati Lilik
Published: June 2020

This paper analyzes the preferences of muzzaki in Surabaya in selecting zakat methods in  the digital era. One of the developments of zakat in the digital era is the ease in paying zakat. A Muzzaki, no need to come to BAZ or LAZ but can be done digitally. So many zakat digital applications issued by BAZ or LAZ, even E-commerce institutions issued digital zakat applications. Surabaya as the second largest city after Jakarta could make a picture of whether urban people tend to choose to use digital or conventional Zakat. This research is quantitative research using path analysis method with LISREL 8.80 application tools assisted by MSI (Method of Successive Interval) and SPSS 20.0 for data feasibility test. The population of this research is muzzaki in Surabaya. The results of this study are useful in providing information to BAZNAS on the effective of digital zakat and the digital zakat application model of the most popular muzzaki in Surabaya.
Enhance the Attractiveness of LAZNAS Through a Quality Agricultural Empowerment Program in the Digital Era (Descriptive Analysis on LAZNAS Al-Azhar Indonesia)
Authors: Hadiningrum Lila Pangestu , Wijaya Ning Karna
Published: June 2020

BAZNAS has the ability to optimize the potential of zakat in the digital era. The utilization of digital content becomes one of the strategies to increase the attractiveness of LAZNAS. Increasing the role of digital influenced by the quality of display as well as the quality of content displayed. LAZNAS strengthens the quality of content by displaying featured programs. This study aims to determine efforts to increase the attractiveness of LAZNAS through the excellent programs of agricultural empowerment conducted by LAZNAS Al-Azhar in the digital era. This research uses descriptive qualitative research, using primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques with observation and documentation. The agriculture empowerment program of LAZNAS is an economic empowerment program in the agriculture sector that has been recognized and modeled by strategic partners such as BI, OJK, LIPI and others. Agriculture empowerment LAZNAS Al-Azhar is a qualified program with a concept that is structured, comprehensive, measurable, integrated, and sustainable. Agriculture empowerment program of LAZNAS Al-Azhar become the attraction by placing the program in the main view in every digital media utilized by LAZNAS Al-Azhar. “Gemilang Village” into the realization of an empowerment program targeting communities in proverty alleviation comprehensively. Creative ideas of agrobusiness development are developed to improve the quality and attractiveness of the program.
Factors Affecting Employees’ Preference to Pay Zakat: Case of Amil Zakat Institution of Bogor Agricultural University
Authors: Mahanani Yekti , Novianti Tanti , Wiliasih Ranti , Kassim Salina Hj
Published: June 2020

The aim of the Indonesian Government Regulation No 14/2014 is to assist the national zakat agency - BAZNAS in zakat collection by forming zakat collector units in government institutions such as in higher learning institutions’ campuses. The Zakat Collector Unit of Amil Zakat Institution of Bogor Agricultural University (LAZ IPB) has been established for this reason in 2003, however, despite being in existence for quite a while, its development has been rather slow. The aim of this study is to explore the potential issues on income zakat and determine factors affecting the employees to pay income zakat using the service of LAZ IPB. Data collection was conducted during the period from 1stApril 2014 to 7thJune 2014. In methodology, the study adopted the Logistic regression technique to analyze the factors affecting the employees to pay zakat with LAZ IPB. The findings showed that two factors, namely service and income level were significant in influencing the employees to pay their income zakat with LAZ IPB. Demographic factors such as occupation and gender are also affecting the preference of employees to pay zakat in LAZ IPB.
Credible Methods for Evaluating the Impacts of Amil Programs
Authors: Fathurrohman Muhamad Said
Published: June 2020

Existing studies on the impacts of amil programs are still rare and potentially contain bias in their impact estimates. This paper explains the selection problem common to simple difference method employed by these studies. Then this paper introduces two evaluation designs, difference-indifferences and randomized experiment, that can more credibly estimate program impacts, and still simple enough to be independently conducted by amil institutions.
Internal Audit Role in Digital Zakat Finance: Case Study at a Zakat Institution in Indonesia
Authors: Wulan Mulyaning , Khairunnisa Hera , Bahri Efri Syamsul
Published: June 2020

This study aims to get information about: 1) How is the implementation of digital zakat finance in Indonesia?; 2) Why do zakat institutions need the Internal Audit role in the implementation of digital finance zakat?. This study is motivated by the development of zakat collection systems such as digital zakat finance system that uses a digital platform. Along with the development of technology, the role of internal audit is also expected to be expanded to the aspect of information technology audit. Internal audit division faces several challenges regarding digital zakat finance. Internal audit division has to ensure the zakat institution already mitigate the significant risk related to digital zakat finance. This study is limited to the audit aspect related to zakat collection system in BAZNAS that used digital platforms such as bank transfer collection system and collection system that collaborated with e-commerce. To achieve the study’s aims, this study uses qualitative methods with literature study techniques that are reinforced by interviews.
Zakat Based on Programs' Tender: Effectiveness of Productive Zakat Fundraising in Indonesia
Authors: Sulistyowati Sulistyowati
Published: June 2020

The study aims to identify and explore deeply the effectiveness of productive zakat mobilization at Dompet Dhuafa as success zakat fundriser by tendering innovative, creative and interesting four grand programs consist of healthcare; education; enterprenuership for poor; and social development aspects. The study is qualitatative research using primary data through unstructured interview with Dompet Dhuafa. Secondary data was collected from National Zakat Board (BAZNAS) and Islamic Relief Foundation as benchmark institutions. The first result indicates significant benefit of productive zakat implication both in BAZNAS and Dompet Dhuafa. Productive zakat plays the important role it is eradicating poverty and increasing prosperity index in 28 provinces in 2017 and also ensuring sustainable economic empowerement of the poor. Second results demonstrated the strong influence strategy of productive zakat fundraising. In this case, zakat collection by tender or auctioning program. This is Dompet Dhuafa’s creative and extraordinary approaches which is not many philanthropic organization in Indonesia used it. It is kind of modern and innovative method of fundraising which need proffesional improvement for next bigger success. According to this, Islamic Relief Foundation UK, becomes great role model for developing fundraising strategy at international level. The limitation of this research might not be able to represent the condition all over the years in Indonesia, so advanced research is needed based on each specific aspect from four big grand programs of Dompet Dhuafa to enhance detail trend by different perspectives.
Zakat-Based Community Driven Development
Authors: Hanum Khuzaifah
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the cognition development in the phenomena of zakat-based community driven development (CDD) in Indonesia. Comparing with the previous and contemporary practice of zakat, this paper identifies that formation of institutional forces and distant field from social networks on actors contribute some influences in the cognition development in zakat practice, especially in zakat disbursement for empowering the beneficiaries of zakat (mustahiq). This study contributes not only to contemporary zakat practices by developing new model in zakat disbursement program, but also to neo-institutional studies on the cognition development of actors and conditions of change in the strategic action field from the experience on zakat practice in Indonesia.
The Financial Performance Measurement Model Modification Using Tools of Ritchi Kolodinsky and International Zakat Standard of Management (ISZM)
Authors: Azwari Peny Cahaya , Rijal Khairul , Safitri Nurfala , Saputra Rambo
Published: June 2020

The effectiveness and efficiency in a nonprofit organization have different meanings than in profit-orientated organizations. This study aims to see how the financial effectiveness and efficiency was analyzed based on its social impact and sustainability of the program. The research is based on a sample of nonprofits, chosen from the database of the website published on the panel data provided by their financial statements. The financial effectiveness and efficiency are calculated, using the ratios method modification from Ritchie and Kolodinsky model compared to ISZM, by reporting the realized elements to the targeted ones. The period of our analysis involves six fiscal years for the chosen sample. The results of this study involve measures of financial effectiveness and efficiency for each entity studied. The studied in the period identify factors which influence both effectiveness and efficiency and its evolution and interpreting the results for the whole field.
THE Factors that Influence People Interest in Using a Digital Platform as a ZIS Payment (Case Study Go-Pay)
Authors: Aristiana Meilika
Published: June 2020

This article aims to identify the factors that influence someone's interest in transacting zakat, infaq, and sedekah through the digital platform, named Go-pay. Zakat itself is an obligation that must be carried out by Muslims who have fulfilled the requirements. While infaq and sedekah are forms of sunnah worship which do not require special conditions but have one purpose with zakat, which is to give and help those who are not sufficient in fulfilling their daily needs. The potential for zakat collection based on the expected level of growth and Muslim population in Indonesia is not compatible with reality. The number of Muslim population in Indonesia is 80% of the total population and the potential of the collection of zakat in 2017 is Rp. 250.3 trillion, but what was collected was Rp. 6.2 trillion or only 2.47% of the total.
Zakat Model by Caliph ʻUmar ibn Khaṭṭāb: Innovations Towards the Country’s Economic Problems
Authors: Ahmad Sabarudin , Suradilaga Aris Sunandar , Shaleh Lisnawati
Published: June 2020

Umar bin Khattab is one of the four Khulafāʻ ar-Rāsyidīn who are known to be firm, fair, and wise in his government,especially in the economic sector in the welfare of their people. Umar’s government lasted ten years. In that period there were many government innovations to overcome various state problems. The country’s economic problems get serious attention by him. Various innovations also occur in the management of zakat.

This research is a normative legal research, using a historical approach. The data source is divided into three parts, namely primary sources, secondary, and tertiary sources. While the method of data analysis uses the content analysis method.

The results of this study indicate that the principle for Umar is an important instrument and is one of the main sources of state income. Various innovations in the field of zakat are the efforts of Umar as a caliph to optimize the zakat fund. These innovations are innovation of zakat during famine, innovation of zakat for slaves, innovation of zakat on agriculture and livestock, and innovation in the distribution of zakat funds.
The The Effectiveness of Zakat Funds towards Mustahik’s Business Development in Banda Aceh (A Study on Baitul Mal Kota Banda Aceh)
Authors: Riyaldi Muhammad Haris , Fuadi Teuku Zakiyun
Published: June 2020

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of zakat, infaq and alms (ZIS) productive funds towards the development of the mustahik business in Baitul Mal Banda Aceh. This study uses 4 variables, consisting of mustahik business development as the dependent variable, effectiveness of targeting productive ZIS funds, coaching and supervision as independent variables. This research is a survey using a questionnaire as an instrument. The population in this study is the recipient of productive ZIS in Baitul Mal Banda Aceh. A sample of 100 respondents was selected by random sampling technique. Based on the results of the regression analysis shows that the effectiveness of the target accuracy of productive ZIS funds, coaching and supervision have a positive and significant effect on business development mustahik.
An Efficiency and Productivity of Zakat Institution in Malaysia and Indonesia: The Comparative Study
Authors: Nurasyiah Aas , Pertiwi Risa Sari , Adam Faqih
Published: June 2020

The efficiency and productivity of Zakat institution have widely discussed, it is an organization based on social which looks after economic disparities. Most recently, Indonesia made a standardization policy and system of zakat institution, so that the zakat institution in Indonesia can reach the same quality or higher rather than other countries. It called Zakat Core Principles. Therefore, this research will focus on the zakat institution in Indonesia and Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to measure and compare the efficiency and productivity using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI), which is a non-parametric and deterministic methodology for determining the relative efficiency and productivity. The result of this research shows, The first quadrant is the best efficient and productive institutions gained by zakat institution in Indonesia namely Sinergi Foundation and 3 zakat institutions in Malaysia namely Kedah, Melayu Perak, and Selangor. The second quadrant is highly productive but low efficient achieved by zakat institutions in Indonesia namely Baznas, RZ, Dompet Dhuafa and 1 zakat institution in Malaysia namely Jawhar. The third quadrant is high efficient but low productive didn’t achieve by any zakat institution in Indonesia or Malaysia. The fourth quadrant is low efficient and low productive reached by 1 zakat institution in Indonesia namely PKPU and 3 zakat institution in Malaysia namely Kelantan, PPZ and Pahang. The implication in this study is describing the position of zakat institution in Indonesia and Malaysia so that it is known which zakat institution could be a role model or benchmarking for other zakat institution.
Socio-demographic and Economic Factors Affecting Regular Charity-giving: a Case of Low-income Households in Indonesia
Authors: Dwi Arsyianti Laily , Kassim Salina , Adewale Abideen
Published: June 2020

A Muslim is encouraged do charity for the blessings and rewards from Allah subhanahuwata’ala, not limited to low-income households. Some social finance institutions have been encouraging their zakat and infaq recipients, along with empowering programmes, to gradually give away a portion of their income as charity to the institutions; thus, it would be circulated among them. It is necessary to identify what factors influence them in regularly giving charity. Questionnaires were distributed to 1780 respondents from six areas in the west, middle, and east of Indonesia. By employing logistic regression, results show that determinants affecting regular charity giving of low-income households in Indonesia are employment status, household size, portion of charity per income, expectation of future economy, income, religious activity, and type of financing institution. Many Islamic economic researches have looked at compulsory charity, that is, zakat, and waqf topics, but none of them has covered voluntary monetary charity giving of low-income households in Indonesia. This research tries to fill the gap.

Keywords: charity giving, low-income households, Indonesia, social finance
Overview of Forecasting Zakat Collection in Indonesia Using Multiplicative Decomposition
Authors: Al Parisi Salman
Published: June 2020

Social welfare can be achieved if high economic growth can reduce a country’s poverty, accompanied by a decrease in the value of gini coefficient. Zakat is one of the primary instruments of economic philanthropy in Muslim countries, faciliatating redistribution of wealth and income. Zakat potential in Indonesia has reached Rp 286 trillion, but the actual zakat collection only reached 3.7 trillion in 2015. This study aims to determine the following: (1) the forecasting of zakat collection in Indonesia based on the historical data for the next 5– 10 years or over time and (2) the system used by Muslim countries to collect zakat fund. This study used the multiplicative decomposition forecasting method with annually data collected over 2005-2015. The findings showed that zakat collection would be expected to reach about Rp 5.0 trillion in 2020. It is expected to increase to 8.33 trillion in 2029, with mean absolute percent error (MAPE) value as much as 0.18. Furthermore, there are different kinds of zakat systems used by Muslim countries. Indonesia uses the voluntary zakat system, which could affect the amount of zakat collection. The findings of this study are expected to inform policy makers regarding the management of zakat collection.

Keywords: Forecasting, Zakat Collection, Poverty Eradication, Multiplicative Decomposition
Evaluation of the Productive Zakat Program of BAZNAS: A Case Study from Western Indonesia
Authors: Soleh Nurzaman Mohamad , Annisa Ninik , Gusti Hendharto Ridho , , Khairunnajah , , Noviyanti
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to measure the impact of zakat distribution program implemented by Indonesia’s National Zakat Board (BAZNAS). The study intended to accurately assess the impact of the program for a potential extension to other zakat institutions. The studyadopted theCIBEST model developed by Beik and Arsyianti (2015), a quadrant model that combines the fulfillment of human needs that are both material and spiritual. The CIBEST consists of well-being index, material poverty index, spiritual poverty index, and absolute poverty index. The study has found that fund distribution by BAZNAS through the productive zakat program is quite effective in improving the welfare index of mustahik households in both material and spiritual aspects.

Keywords: CIBEST model, Mustahik, Productive Zakat
A Study Comperative: the Perception of Coastal Communities in Developing the Method of Distribution of Marine Zakat
Authors: S Riwanto Diki
Published: June 2020

Indonesia as one of the largest maritime countries in the world that has enormous potential. The one of potential can be found at fishery resources reaching 6.4 million tons per year with the number of catch fisheries reaching more than USD 15 billion. Thus the total foreign exchange of marine and fishery reaches USD 71 million per year. But the facts, 83 percent of coastal communities are still living in poverty. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to optimize zakat, because in reality the implementation of zakat (in this case is marine zakat) is not optimal. This study is aimed to identify and develop the distribution model of marine zakat based on local people’s perception. In analyzing this research, the authors applied qualitative method through comparative study approach by using data collecting technique in the form of deep interviews. The object of this research is the people who live in Depok and Gunungkidul beach, Yogyakarta. Through this research, the authors hope the community can identify the development of the distribution model of marine zakat that can empower coastal communities and can motivate local people to be more productive and optimize the existence of this zakat.

Keywords: Islamic Economics Marine Zakat, Empowerment Coastal Community, Maritime
Zakat as an Obligatory System and its Implications for Social Psychology of Society (Social Tafsīr of Sūrah Al-Tawbah: 103)
Authors: Wahid Al-Faizin Abdul , Dinda Insani Taqiyah , Widiastuti Tika
Published: June 2020

In the current literature, the study of the collective benefits of Zakat is more emphasized on the material economic aspects by using modern economic tools. Meanwhile, Zakat has a significant social role in the community. Therefore, Allah mentions in Qur'an the command of Zakat and prayer together as much as 22 times. It shows that the role of Zakat socially in human relationships with each other is comparable to the relationship with God. This paper will try to explore and analyze the social role (Social Psychology) of Zakat as an obligatory system from Sūrah al-Tawbah: 103. The method used in this paper is a qualitative method by using content analysis that combines tafsīr bi al-ra’yi with tafsīr bi al-ma’thūr. By using social tafsīr, it is found that Zakat should be an obligatory system and its management must be done centrally by the government. BAZNAS can be a representation of the government to perform the task. Then, it will result in the creation of equal degree and status between mustahiq and muzakki. Meanwhile, the implication of Zakat in the context of social interaction of the society is the creation of tranquility, security, and harmony for the whole society.

Keywords: Zakat, Social Tafsīr, Social Psychology
Discourses of Institutionalization of Zakat Management System in Contemporary Indonesia: Effect of the Revitalization of Islamic Economics
Authors: Adachi Mari
Published: June 2020

In Indonesia, zakat management was trying restructured in a top-down form based on the system followed in Malaysia and, in 1999, a related law was enacted. Although many previous studies have been conducted on zakat for its fundamental spiritual aspects and social roles, macroscopic research on its history of both theory and practice aspects is lacking. The transformation in the administrative reform of zakat, which focuses on not only the discourse of Islamic intellectuals but also the tone of the emerging Islamic economy and attitude of the management organization's practitioners and players, is important to understand the growth of Islam in Indonesia. This paper discusses how the zakat practice, which was an individual practice, expanded to include new objectives such as community development or financial inclusion without losing its original spiritual significance. Further, the paper clarifies how an institutionalized approach to zakat management helps in the development of new theoretical intervention areas and contributes to community development and empowerment, without compromising the original poverty alleviation programs.

Keywords: Zakat management, Indonesia, Islamic economics
The Direct and Indirect Effect of Zakat on the Household Consumption of Mustahik (A Study of Zakat Recipients from BAZNAS Probolinggo Municipality)
Authors: Nurlita Elok , Ekawaty Marlina
Published: June 2020

This researchaimsto analyze the direct and indirect effects of zakat on the household consumption of mustahik. The research adopts a quantitative approach and usespath analysis. Data were obtained from 50 mustahik (zakat recipients)at BAZNAS Probolinggo Municipalityusing theproportional random sampling method. The results show that zakat and number of household members directly and indirectly affect the household consumption of mustahik. Furthermore, household income as an intermediate variable also affects the household consumption of mustahik, whereas education and age have no effect, either directly or indirectly. The lackof effect of education on consumption can be attributed to the mustahiks’ jobs, for which no education/special skills are required;thus, a high level of education does not affect household income and consumption. Similarly, the lack of effect of age on predicted consumption is because many mustahik are not at a productive age and do not work;increasing age does not therefore increase income and consumption.

Keywords: Poverty, Consumptive Zakat, Productive Zakat, Household Consumption
Factors Affecting Palm Farmers’ Decisions to Dispense Plantage-Product Zakat in Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency
Authors: Agustin Syn Amalia , Muhammad Ali Khalifah , Hafidhuddin Didin
Published: June 2020

Zakat is one of the five points in rukun Islam and consists of two types: zakat nafs (soul) and zakat maal (wealth). One of the many kinds of zakat maal is plantage-product zakat. Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency is an area that contains 160,785.04 hectares of palm plantation land as recorded in 2016. The area also produced 7,493,696.18 tons of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) in the same year. The objective of this study is to identify the potential of plantage-product zakat (specifically palm plantage) and analyze the factors that affect farmers’ decision to dispense plantage-product zakat in Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency. Logistic regression analysis was the method of analysis used in this study. Based on data obtained from Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Sumatera Utara 2016, the potential of plantage-product zakat in Labuhanbatu Selatan Regency reached 25.6 billion rupiahs in 2014; 21.6 billion rupiahs in 2015, and 370.4 billion rupiahs in 2016. The variables that significantly affected farmers’ decisions to dispense plantage-product zakat were comprehension of zakat, faith, rewards, Islamic study, and frequency of worship.
Zakat as a Tax Credit for Raising Indonesian Tax Revenue
Authors: Setianingrum Any , Rusydiana Aam Slamet , Fadhilah Penny Rahmah
Published: June 2020

This study aims to select the most appropriate treatment of zakat and tax to maximize Indonesia taxation of the given three alternatives. The first alternative is zakat and taxes are not correlated. Second, zakat is used as deductions of taxable income. Third, zakat is used as a tax credit. The basic considerations for determining the rank of these three models are from the aspects of benefits, the costs, and the risks. The analytical tool used is ANP (Analytic Network Process). The research respondents are some experts and stakeholder of zakat and tax in Indonesia. Based on the result of this research, the first rank is zakat as a tax credit with a weight of 0,469. The second alternative is zakat as the deduction of Taxable Income with a weight of 0,385. The third or last alternative is zakat and tax has no direct relationship with the weight of 0,146. Based on this research, to increase tax revenue in Indonesia, zakat as a tax credit is advisable.

Keywords: Zakat, tax, credit, ANP, Indonesia
Developing and Proposing Zakat Management System: A Case of the Malakand District, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Suhail
Published: June 2020

Zakat plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of a country. With zakat, the poor community is facilitated their food, safety, nutrition, sanitation, education, and other necessities. This study focuses on the role and current practice of zakat in the Malakand district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This paper also develops and proposes a model for efficient management of zakat there. In doing so, this study interviews a sample of thirty respondents. A list of ten questions is constructed during the interviews using the local language, which is Urdu. The current practice of zakat in the region is explored, and further recommendation is captured for better practice of zakat management. For this, the study proposes an ideal model of the zakat management system, which can also be adopted by other countries. The discussion of this study is limited to the district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan.

Keywords: Zakat, poverty alleviation, socio-economic development, ideal management, Pakistan
Studying Mustahik Requirements Based on Had Kifayah Benchmark: A Case from East Nusa Tenggara (NTT)
Authors: Kinanti Kamilah
Published: June 2020

As an effort to optimize the transparent and measurable zakat management, BAZNAS Center of Strategic Studies has been developing several instruments, including the Had Kifayah measure. The measurement is the standard limit of basic needs of a Muslim, which is helpful to consider the requirements of zakat recipients. By employing Had Kifayah, this paper performs a case study from Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province in 2018 and finds that NTT had the highest cost of living of IDR3,363,105.00 per family (monthly). This paper covers the preliminary study verifying the categorization pyramid as in Had Kifayah standard to investigate the changes of a mustahik income and expenditure before and after the productive zakat program of BAZNAS. The results show that the program conducted by BAZNAS-NTT from 2016 to 2017 is found to be in the fourth priority on the Had Kifayah pyramid.

Keyword: Had Kifayah, priority pyramid of Had Kifayah, Mustahik of Productive Zakat Program, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)
TWO BEST FRIENDS MIND AND BREATH
Authors: Chaudhari Nimeshkumar
Published: June 2020

Mind and Prana, so it is said, are one, and thus mind and breath are interdependent. Where there is breath there is thought; without breath the activities of the mind will dry up. These rather unusual assertions must be investigated further, for they are the core of raja yoga. It is not by accident that the German word Atem (breath), and the Sanskrit term atman (the self) have the same root. In our understanding, to cease breathing means to die. In yoga teaching it may mean death but does not necessarily. Certainly, consciousness in a general sense disappears along with breath, but what really happens after that we do not know. "Unconsciousness" is a meaningless term. Do we really know whether dying and being dead arethe same thing, whether so−called unconsciousness does not encompass innumerable subconscious states? These are just a few problems relating to consciousness. We can become conscious only of events that reflect states, never of states. We are unable to grasp with our conscious mind a state that is not reflected by an
event.
Antibiogram Pattern of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Domestic Dog Faecal Matter in Port Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Obioma A , Nnenna I , Christian A
Published: June 2020

This study was aimed at investigating the Antibiogram pattern of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria that are associated with Domestic dog faecal matter in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Convenient sampling techniques were explored for sample collection. A total of fifty samples were collected from domestic dogs from different locations (Agip estates, Rumuokoro, GRA, Sandfill, Town, RSU lecturers’ quarters) within Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. The bacteriological analysis was determined using standard microbiological procedures and identification techniques. Potential pathogens associated with domestic dog faecal matter that were isolated include; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, Proteus species, Bacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species. However other species of Staphylococcus were also isolated respectively. The study showed that among the seven antibiotics used, tarivid was the most sensitive (96%), while peflacin was the most resistant (62%). The correlation analysis showed the relationship between isolates and bacterial count with antibiogram revealed that only Ciproflaxacin showed significant correlation with the isolates (r = 0.322, p = 0.02). This study strongly suggests that domestic dogs carry potential pathogenic organisms present in the faecal matter that can serve as sources of infection to the pet owners, especially the strains showing resistance to antibiotics. These pose a community health threat, thus putting the general public at risk of contracting infections. It is, therefore, important that these domestic dogs including the ones used as pets should be treated and possibly vaccinated frequently, even as faecal matter from domestic dogs should be well disposed to prevent possible zoonotic infections to man from the contaminated environment.
Building a Mission-Oriented Church in Ghana in the 21st Century: The Role of Theological Education
Authors: Asare-Danso Seth
Published: June 2020

This study examined the role of theological education in building a mission-oriented church in Ghana in the 21st century. The study sought to find answers to the goal of theological education in Ghana; the motives for the church in embarking on missions; the models of theological education in Ghana; the structure and content of theological education in Ghana; how theological education in Ghana could be mission-oriented. The qualitative research methodology was employed with a focus on a case study of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana and the Anglican Church of Ghana. Observation, Interview and Content Analysis of documents were used for data collection. The findings were that the goal of missions was to alleviate poverty, ignorance and hardships. The motives for missions were cross-cultural, international, co-operative and holistic. Different models of theological education were used. The study recommends theological education be provided for pastors and lay leaders in fulfilment of UN SDG 4, which seeks to provide equitable quality education; and equal opportunity be given to females to receive theological education, in fulfilment of UN SDG 5, which seeks to achieve gender equality.
Tidal Asteroseismology: Possible Evidence of Nonlinear Mode Coupling in an Equilibrium State in Kepler Eclipsing Binary KIC 3230227
Authors: Guo Zhao
Published: June 2020

Previously, a series of tidally-excited oscillations were discovered in the eccentric eclipsing binary KIC 3230227. The pulsation amplitudes and phases suggest the observed oscillations are prograde quadruple modes. In this paper, we refine the analysis and extract more oscillation frequencies. We also study the temporal variations of amplitudes and phases and show that almost all modes have stable phases and amplitudes. We then focus on the non-orbital-harmonic oscillations. We consider two formation mechanisms: (1) nonlinear response of the surface convective layer, and (2) nonlinear three/multi-mode coupling. Although the former can explain some of the observed features, we find the latter mechanism is more probable. Assuming that these are coupled modes, the constant amplitude/phase over four years can be explained by either an equilibrium state in the mode coupling or modes undergoing limit cycles with very long periods. The observed frequency detuning and the calculated damping rates of the daughter modes favor the equilibrium-state interpretation. This is verified by integrating the amplitude equations of three-mode coupling. We find that the steady-state relation derived in Weinberg et al., which relates the observed frequency detuning, phase detuning, and mode damping rates, is approximately satisfied for one mode triplet. We also try to identify the azimuthal number of the modes based on the observed mode amplitude ratios and the selection rules in nonlinear three-mode coupling. We discuss further implications of these observations on nonlinear tidal asteroseismology.
Early Evolution of Disk, Outflow, and Magnetic Field of Young Stellar Objects: Impact of Dust Model
Authors: Tsukamoto Y. , Machida M. N. , Susa H. , Nomura H. , Inutsuka S.
Published: June 2020

The formation and early evolution of low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) are investigated using three-dimensional non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations. We investigate the evolution of YSOs up to

after protostar formation, at which protostellar mass reaches

. We particularly focus on the impact of the dust model on the evolution. We found that a circumstellar disk is formed in all simulations, regardless of the dust model. Disk size is approximately 10 au at the protostar formation epoch, and it increases to several tens of au at

after protostar formation. The disk mass is comparable to the central protostellar mass, and gravitational instability develops. In simulations with small dust sizes, the warp of the pseudodisk develops

after protostar formation. The warp strengthens magnetic braking in the disk and decreases disk size. Ion-neutral drift can occur in the infalling envelope when the typical dust size is

and the protostar (plus disk) mass is

. The outflow activity is anticorrelated to the dust size, and the strong outflow appears with small dust grains.
Spectroscopically Confirmed Lyα Emitters from Redshift 5 to 7 behind 10 Galaxy Cluster Lenses
Authors: Fuller S. , Lemaux B. C. , Bradač M. , Hoag A. , Schmidt K. B. , Huang K. , Strait V. , Mason C. , Treu T. , Pentericci L. , Trenti M. , Henry A. , Malkan M.
Published: June 2020

We present 36 spectroscopically confirmed intrinsically UV-faint Lyα-emitting galaxies from follow-up observations with Keck/DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph of gravitationally lensed high-redshift candidates. Candidates were selected to be between 5 ≲ z ≲ 7 from photometric data using Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer imaging surveys. We performed an integrated photometric redshift probability cut >1% between 5 < z < 7 to construct a sample of 198 high-redshift objects. Our sample spans intrinsic UV luminosities from a few L* down to 0.001L*. We identified 19 high-confidence detections and 17 likely detections of Lyα. We divided our sample into lower-redshift (z ∼ 5.5) and higher-redshift (z ∼ 6.5) bins and ran Monte Carlo trials, incorporating the strengths of the Lyα emission and the photometric redshifts of the nondetections. Considering only objects where Lyα could be detected at EW(Lyα) > 25 Å at 3σ at the fiducial depth of our survey, and only those galaxies with EW(Lyα) > 25 Å, and only objects with m
AB < 26.8, we found the Lyα emitter (LAE) fraction to be flat or modestly increase from 0.26 ± 0.04 to 0.30 ± 0.04. These values are consistent with a rising LAE fraction with redshift out to z ∼ 6, but at z ∼ 6.5, there is some tension between our results and results from surveys at intrinsically brighter luminosities. We conclude that intrinsically fainter galaxies have Lyα emission, and there is a steep drop in the LAE fraction from our high-redshift sample at z ∼ 6.5 and from similar galaxies at z ∼ 7.5. This likely indicates we are witnessing the tail end of the epoch of reionization, as such a drop is not expected due to changes of intrinsic galaxy properties between these redshifts.
VLA/Realfast Detection of a Burst from FRB 180916.J0158+65 and Tests for Periodic Activity
Authors: Aggarwal Kshitij , Law Casey J. , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , Bower Geoffrey , Butler Bryan J. , Demorest Paul , Linford Justin , Lazio T. J. W.
Published: June 2020

We report on the detection of a burst from FRB 180916 by realfast/Very Large Array and present software for interpreting fast radio bursts (FRB) periodicity. We demonstrate a range of periodicity analyses with bursts from FRB 180916, FRB 121102 and FRB 180814. Our results for FRB 180916 and FRB 121102 are consistent with published results. For FRB 180814, we did not detect any significant periodic episodes. The realfast-detected and other high-frequency bursts for FRB 180916 tend to lie at the beginning of the activity window, indicating a possible phase-frequency relation. The python package frbpa can be used to reproduce and expand on this analysis to test models for repeating FRBs.