bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VOLUNTARY ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE EDUCATION FOR DIGITAL HERITAGE INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Kondo Y. , Uozu T. , Seino Y. , Ako T. , Goda Y. , Fujimoto Y. , Yamaguchi H.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Consortium for Earthquake-Damaged Cultural Heritage (CEDACH) is a voluntary initiative launched just after the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011. The consortium is developing a social network between local cultural resource managers restoring disaster-damaged cultural heritage on one side and remote researchers including historians, archaeologists and specialists of cultural information studies on the other side, in order to facilitate collaborative projects. This paper presents three projects in which CEDACH contributed to the development of a digital inventory for disaster-damaged heritage management through web-based collaborations by self-motivated workers. The first project, CEDACH GIS, developed an online archaeological site inventory for the disaster area. Although a number of individuals voluntarily participated in the project at the beginning, it gradually stagnated due to limited need for local rescue archaeology. However, the experience of online-based collaborations worked well for the second project proposed by local specialists, in which CEDACH restored the book catalogue of a tsunami-devastated research library. This experience highlighted the need for online education to improve information and communication technologies (ICT) skills of data builders. Therefore, in the third project called CEDACHeLi, an e-Learning management system was developed to facilitate learning the fundamental knowledge and techniques required for information processing in rescue operations of disaster-damaged cultural heritage. This system will contribute to improved skills and motivation of potential workers for further developments in digital heritage inventory.
3D MODELING OF HEADSTONES OF THE 2ND AND 3RD CENTURY BY LOW COST PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUES
Authors: Landes T. , Waton M.-D. , Alby E. , Gourvez S. , Lopes B.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. As a dozen headstones have been discovered during excavations in south Alsace, archaeologists stored them in the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs in Strasbourg. In order to complete the survey they are used to practice by hand on the steles, they asked the INSA Strasbourg to reconstruct at least the 7 figured sandstones in 3D. The high accuracy required by the archaeologists can be reached by an expensive technique using laserscanning system. Aim of the current work is to look for an alternative method and (if appropriate) low cost software allowing to provide a similar quality and a sufficient level of details. The 3D reconstruction of the headstones based exclusively on multiple images processing is presented. The step of point cloud generation is detailed because it determines the final product quality. Therefore, an assessment of the produced point cloud has been performed through comparison to a reference point cloud obtained by laser scanning technique. The steps leading to the photo-realistic textured 3D models of the headstones are presented and the software used for that are evaluated. The final product respects the accuracy requirement of 1 mm desired by the archaeologists.
DOCUMENTATION AND MONITORING OF BUILT HERITAGE IN ABU DHABI, UAE
Authors: Muhammad S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The ancient oasis-city of Al Ain in Abu Dhabi Emirate still retains the most important and outstanding cultural heritage of United Arab Emirates (UAE). The larger area of Abu Dhabi Emirate comprised of archaeological sites, cultural landscapes and historic buildings dating back to 3rd millennium to the recent pre-oil era. Traditional materials like stone, earth and palm wood were used in combination with local construction methods. For the last seven years the newly formed Abu Dhabi Tourism & Culture Authority (TCA Abu Dhabi)1 has been actively involved in conservation of built heritage in Abu Dhabi Emirate with the help of its Conservation Section. Documentation prior to any conservation and restoration works is considered as a basic pre-requisite for understanding an historic building or site. It is a process which continues during the conservation of any monument and is the only accurate tool for recording information in order to understand the structure, ultimately leading to the management of cultural heritage. Application and use of tools, ranging from basic manual techniques to 3D laser scanning, based on the best practices and international guidelines the exercise will help in establishing a documentation lab with standard procedures, specifications and tools for the documentation and monitoring the built heritage of Abu Dhabi Emirate. This paper will discuss a range of case studies and will demonstrate how documentation and monitoring of the built heritage has augmented the various conservation initiatives on a variety of building types.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A LOW COST STRUCTURED LIGHT SCANNER
Authors: Pashaei M. , Mousavi S. M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In this paper, a practical 3D scanner based on coded structured light principle is reported. The system integrates the technology of close range photogrammetry and Gray code structured light together with multi-line shift processing methodology. This 3D acquisition device allows bulding highly dense and accurate models of real world in a cost- and time-effective manner. The configuration consists of a digital multimedia projector and two digital cameras. One advantage of this configuration is, that the projection device can, but is not required to be stable over time nor it does have to be calibrated. Given a point on left image, the correspondent point on right image is the intersection of coded light stripes with the same code and epipolar line. Then, the depth is estimated by triangulation. The experimental restults have showen that, the proposed solution for essential matrix derivation and applying it to find correspondent points throughout Grey coded multi-line data sets yields high accuracy and density surface reconstruction with the lowest percentage of mismatch or blunder even for semi-complex objects. Some other advantages of this system lie in its design simplicity, low cost and the potential for fast and robust implementation.
THE PALLADIOLIBRARY GEO-MODELS: AN OPEN 3D ARCHIVE TO MANAGE AND VISUALIZE INFORMATION-COMMUNICATION RESOURCES ABOUT PALLADIO
Authors: Apollonio F. I. , Baldissini S. , Clini P. , Gaiani M. , Palestini C. , Trevisan C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The paper describes objectives, methods, procedures and outcomes of the development of the digital archive of Palladio works and documentation: the PALLADIOLibrary of Centro Internazionale di Studi di Architettura Andrea Palladio di Vicenza (CISAAP). The core of the application consists of fifty-one reality-based 3D models usable and navigable within a system grounded on GoogleEarth. This information system, a collaboration of four universities bearers of specific skills returns a comprehensive, structured and coherent semantic interpretation of Palladian landscape through shapes realistically reconstructed from historical sources and surveys and treated for GE with Ambient Occlusion techniques, overcoming the traditional display mode.
COMPARISON OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION SERVICES AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Rasztovits S. , Dorninger P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is an established method to reconstruct the geometrical surface of given objects. Current systems allow for fast and efficient determination of 3D models with high accuracy and richness in detail. Alternatively, 3D reconstruction services are using images to reconstruct the surface of an object. While the instrumental expenses for laser scanning systems are high, upcoming free software services as well as open source software packages enable the generation of 3D models using digital consumer cameras. In addition, processing TLS data still requires an experienced user while recent web-services operate completely automatically. An indisputable advantage of image based 3D modeling is its implicit capability for model texturing. However, the achievable accuracy and resolution of the 3D models is lower than those of laser scanning data. Within this contribution, we investigate the results of automated web-services for image based 3D model generation with respect to a TLS reference model. For this, a copper sculpture was acquired using a laser scanner and using image series of different digital cameras. Two different webservices, namely Arc3D and AutoDesk 123D Catch were used to process the image data. The geometric accuracy was compared for the entire model and for some highly structured details. The results are presented and interpreted based on difference models. Finally, an economical comparison of the generation of the models is given considering the interactive and processing time costs.
FACILITATING THE FUNDING FOR THE CONSERVATION THROUGH TRADEABLE DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS: AN APPROACH THROUGH MAPPING AND ANALYZING THE BUILT HERITAGE AT AHMEDABAD, INDIA
Authors: Routh R. , Shah P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In India, most of the built heritage is still retained by private ownership, who usually are un inproficient to provide the monetary support for the upkeep of the building. In such a scenario, the property goes into deterioration and is gradually lost. In response to this, the Ahmedabad Urban Develepment Authority (AUDA) have introduced a policy named Tradable Development Rights (TDR) for listed structures within the historic core of Ahmedabad, which will help in generating revenue for conservation of the built heritage. This paper discusses an apparatus which will assist the process of TDR by forming a common platform between the stakeholders to increase efficiency in the procurement and transaction procedure. The system comprises of a procedure which puts all the listed properties on an interactive map, classified according to the grade assigned to each along with the present physical condition of the building, along with information such as the heritage value, contact details, available FSI through TDR and at what amount. The map has been developed using Open Source GIS, and will act as a model for mapping and managing the inventory generated for Ahmedabad. This will help the builders approach the properties which have been graded in terms of importance and urgency as well as simultaneously providing public awareness by through necessary information which the property owner should know to avail the monetary benefits through TDR. The paper also highlights a comparative analysis and benefits of procuring the FSI available through TDR for the historic core.
TOWARDS A 3D BASED PLATFORM FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE SURVEY AND VIRTUAL EXPLORATION
Authors: Seinturier J. , Riedinger C. , Mahiddine A. , Peloso D. , Boï J.-M. , Merad D. , Drap P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This paper present a 3D platform that enables to make both cultural heritage site survey and its virtual exploration. It provides a single and easy way to use framework for merging multi scaled 3D measurements based on photogrammetry, documentation produced by experts and the knowledge of involved domains leaving the experts able to extract and choose the relevant information to produce the final survey. Taking into account the interpretation of the real world during the process of archaeological surveys is in fact the main goal of a survey. New advances in photogrammetry and the capability to produce dense 3D point clouds do not solve the problem of surveys. New opportunities for 3D representation are now available and we must to use them and find new ways to link geometry and knowledge. The new platform is able to efficiently manage and process large 3D data (points set, meshes) thanks to the implementation of space partition methods coming from the state of the art such as octrees and kd-trees and thus can interact with dense point clouds (thousands to millions of points) in real time. The semantisation of raw 3D data relies on geometric algorithms such as geodetic path computation, surface extraction from dense points cloud and geometrical primitive optimization. The platform provide an interface that enables expert to describe geometric representations of interesting objects like ashlar blocs, stratigraphic units or generic items (contour, lines, … ) directly onto the 3D representation of the site and without explicit links to underlying algorithms. The platform provide two ways for describing geometric representation. If oriented photographs are available, the expert can draw geometry on a photograph and the system computes its 3D representation by projection on the underlying mesh or the points cloud. If photographs are not available or if the expert wants to only use the 3D representation then he can simply draw objects shape on it. When 3D representations of objects of a surveyed site are extracted from the mesh, the link with domain related documentation is done by means of a set of forms designed by experts. Information from these forms are linked with geometry such that documentation can be attached to the viewed objects. Additional semantisation methods related to specific domains have been added to the platform. Beyond realistic rendering of surveyed site, the platform embeds non photorealistic rendering (NPR) algorithms. These algorithms enable to dynamically illustrate objects of interest that are related to knowledge with specific styles. The whole platform is implemented with a Java framework and relies on an actual and effective 3D engine that make available latest rendering methods. We illustrate this work on various photogrammetric survey, in medieval archaeology with the Shawbak castle in Jordan and in underwater archaeology on different marine sites.
T.O.F. LASER SCANNER FOR THE SURVEYING OF STATUES: A TEST ON A REAL CASE
Authors: Artese G. , De Napoli L. , Artese S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The contribution regards the surveying of two statues of famous contemporary sculptors that have been placed in the central zone of Cosenza, which has been transformed in an open air museum. To realize a 3-D representation of the museum, different methodologies have been used, based on classical surveying (total stations and GNSS), image data and range data. The increasing performances of the new models of Time Of Flight (T.O.F.) laser scanners allow to build accurate models also for medium-size objects; on the other hand, the recent techniques of 3D modeling enable the processing of large amount of data and the effective removal of noises. Thus, if an extreme accuracy is not required, one can think to use the T.O.F. laser scanner, also for the surveying of statues. For the acquisition of the surfaces of the statues, two different types of laser scanning have been used: the Leica Scan StationC10, based on Time Of Flight, and the Minolta VIVID 300 triangulation scanner. In the paper, the comparison between the results obtained by using the different techniques is described.
THE APPLICATION OF 3D LASER SCANNING IN THE PROTECTION OF GROTTOES AND CARVINGS IN CHINA
Authors: Yumin L. , Rong Z. , Yu Z.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. With the development of 3D laser scanning technology, it has been widely used in the recording and conservation of stone cultural relics. A lot of grottoes and carvings in national key cultural heritage protection units in Shanxi, Gansu and Sichuan areas of China have been scanned by 3D laser scanner in their protection projects. In this paper, via these 3D laser scanning projects of the grottoes and carvings, technical essentials of indoor and field work in the 3D laser scanning technology of stone cultural relics are summarized. At the same time, different devices were selected and different device parameters were set on the basis of characteristics of specific relics. Thus the current situation of the relic was recorded precisely with the least storage space and the shortest working time. At last, digital results including 3D models, 2D drawings, the videos for exhibition and etc with powerful operability which meet different needs are obtained based on the original point cloud. This paper can provide some beneficial reference and experience for recording and conservation of the grottoes and carvings relics in the future.
CONTOURS BASED APPROACH FOR THERMAL IMAGE AND TERRESTRIAL POINT CLOUD REGISTRATION
Authors: Bennis A. , Bombardier V. , Thiriet P. , Brie D.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Building energetic performances strongly depend on the thermal insulation. However the performance of the insulation materials tends to decrease over time which necessitates the continuous monitoring of the building in order to detect and repair the anomalous zones. In this paper, it is proposed to couple 2D infrared images representing the surface temperature of the building with 3D point clouds acquired with Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) resulting in a semi-automatic approach allowing the texturation of TLS data with infrared image of buildings. A contour-based algorithm is proposed whose main features are : 1) the extraction of high level primitive is not required 2) the use of projective transform allows to handle perspective effects 3) a point matching refinement procedure allows to cope with approximate control point selection. The procedure is applied to test modules aiming at investigating the thermal properties of material.
TTF-1 and Napsin A Do Not Differentiate Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinomas From Primary Esophageal Adenocarcinomas: Proposal of a Novel Staining Panel
Authors: Aulakh Kanwaijit S. , Chisholm Cary D. , Smith Daniel A , Speights V.O
Published: July 2013

Context.—When adenocarcinomas arise within the esophagus, particularly when located away from the gastroesophageal junction, it may be important in some patients to differentiate between a primary esophageal adenocarcinoma and metastasis from another site. Lung adenocarcinoma is one tumor that has been reported to frequently metastasize to the esophagus.

Objectives.—To create a panel of immunohistochemical markers that can reliably distinguish between an esophageal and pulmonary primary; within the gastrointestinal pathology literature, including published articles and textbooks, common lung immunohistochemical markers, such as TTF-1, are assumed to be negative in esophageal adenocarcinoma, yet, to our knowledge, no study has yet investigated the veracity of that presumption.

Design.—In this study, 24 cases each of pulmonary and esophageal adenocarcinomas were stained with TTF-1, napsin A, CDX2, 34βE12, N-cadherin, and IMP3 in an attempt to define an optimal panel for differentiation. Esophageal adenocarcinomas occurring at the gastroesophageal junction were excluded in this study because a gastric primary tumor cannot be excluded in those cases.

Results.—Surprisingly, TTF-1 and napsin A were positive in similar proportions of tumors from both sites. Those markers that differentiated statistically between esophageal and pulmonary adenocarcinoma were IMP3, CDX2, and N-cadherin.

Conclusions.—When differentiating the origin of a tumor as either esophageal or pulmonary, an immunohistochemical panel consisting of IMP3, CDX2, and N-cadherin is superior to either TTF-1 or napsin A.
Welcome Back!
Authors: Breyfogle M. Lynn
Published: July 2013

This department publishes brief news articles, announcements, and guest editorials on current mathematics education issues that stimulate the interest of TCM readers and cause them to think about an issue or consider a specific viewpoint about some aspect of mathematics education. This month, the chair of the TCM Editorial Panel welcomes readers to a new academic year; and the Coaches' Corner suggests ways for math specialists to intrinsically motivate teachers.
Norms and Mathematical Proficiency
Authors: Kastberg Signe E. , Frye R. Scott
Published: July 2013

How do classroom behavioral expectations support the development of students' mathematical reasoning? A sixth-grade teacher and his students developed this example while discussing a ratio comparison problem.
Cooperación, solidaridad y egoísmo racional. Acerca de la relación entre moralidad y racionalidad
Authors: Hoyos Luis Eduardo
Published: July 2013

The article assumes a conceptual link exists between morality and rationality and attempts to show this link in the context of a critical dialogue with utilitarianism and by showing how rational egoism is self-contradictory. The main question is if such a thing would allow us to simultaneously demonstrate the rationality and the morality of cooperation and solidarity.
Democratic Solidarity: Why Do Democracies Owe Support to Democracy Movements?
Authors: Niederberger Andreas
Published: July 2013

This article starts by pointing out the internal tensions in the idea of a human right to democracy, which makes it difficult to use such a right as a normative reference for decisions on interfering in domestic conflicts in other states. Despite this, the second part of this article shows that it is still admissible for outsiders to interfere in domestic affairs when democracy is seriously curtailed or democratic revolutions are occurring. The article ends by showing why democracies owe support to democracy movements abroad. Democracies should show solidarity with these movements in the pursuit of their aim to democratize the political order of the state in question — a support that is not unconditional, but tied to a specific cause.
La posibilidad de la justicia global. Sobre los límites de la concepción estadocéntrica y las probabilidades de un cosmopolitismo débil
Authors: Cortés Rodas Francisco
Published: July 2013

This paper presents objections to the critique of cosmopolitanism made by Rawls and Nagel who defend a concept of justice in which justice and sovereignty are closely related. The first part presents Rawls’s rhetorical strategy which is opposed to the cosmopolitan idea of transforming the international order based on the demands of global economic justice. The second part covers Nagel’s position which is opposed to the idea of global justice. The final section introduces Christina Lafont’s presentation of a model of international policy that is geared toward justice in a global context.
Diminishing Sea Ice in the Arctic Presents Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2013

With ice diminishing in the Arctic—and with a nearly ice‐free summer Arctic Ocean predicted by 2050 if not sooner—the dramatic and fast‐paced changes in the region present significant challenges as well as opportunities, according to experts and politicians at the 5th Symposium on the Impacts of an Ice‐Diminishing Arctic on Naval and Marine Operations, held in Washington, D. C., on 16–18 July. Among the challenges addressed at the symposium—which was hosted by the U.S. National Ice Center and the U.S. Arctic Research Commission—are preparing for dramatic environmental changes; balancing environmental protection with energy production, mineral extraction, and other industrial uses; meeting an increasing need for scientific research to better understand the region; and dealing with an increasing amount of northern maritime traffic.
Understanding the Evolution of the Scotia Arc
Authors: Maldonado Andrés , Dalziel Ian , Leat Philip T.
Published: July 2013

An international 3‐day meeting in which participants discussed geodynamic and multidisciplinary topics related to the evolution of the Scotia Arc was held at the Andalucía Institute of Earth Sciences (Spanish Research Council (CSIC)/University of Granada (UGR)) in Granada, Spain. The Scotia Arc encompasses southern South America, the Antarctic Peninsula, and the intervening part of the Southern Ocean including the South Georgia and South Orkney crustal blocks and the volcanically active South Sandwich Arc. It is a region of critical importance because of its role as a developing ocean gateway during Eocene‐Miocene times and because of its impact on global ocean circulation, with possible importance for Paleogene‐Neogene paleoenvironmental change, early phases of development of Antarctic ice sheets, gene flow, and resulting biodiversity.
Space traffic may be cause of increase in polar mesospheric clouds
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

A recent increase in polar mesospheric clouds could be due to a recent increase in space traffic, a new study suggests. Polar mesospheric clouds are diffuse collections of water ice crystals in the mesosphere near the poles at altitudes of about 80 kilometers. The number and brightness of polar mesospheric ice clouds is expected to decrease when the incoming flux of solar ultraviolet radiation increases. Increases in solar radiation heat and dry out the atmosphere slightly, leading to a decrease in ice cloud formation.
German records from 1920s show long‐term ocean warming
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

Over past centuries the crews of ships regularly measured some basic properties of the waters through which they sailed, such as temperature and salinity. These historical observations have proven to be important for climate modelers who are trying to validate their work. In recent years the importance of the deep ocean as a sink for the extra energy trapped by anthropogenic climate change has come to the fore. Unfortunately, the vast majority of deep‐ocean observations do not start until the 1980s. From 1925 to 1927, however, the German research vessel Meteor crisscrossed the Atlantic Ocean on an expedition that collected a uniquely thorough record of oceanographic properties for the full depth of the ocean basin. The ship made 13 coast‐to‐coast sweeps from the Southern Ocean to the tropical North Atlantic, providing a set of observations that were largely unmatched until the 1990s.
Memory for Sexual and Nonsexual Television Commercials as a Function of Viewing Context and Viewer Gender
Authors: Leka Jona , McClelland Alastair , Furnham Adrian
Published: July 2013

The present study investigated memory for sexual and nonsexual commercials as a function of programme‐commercial congruity and programme‐induced level of involvement. Participants were allocated to one of four conditions: sexual programme with sexual or nonsexual commercials and nonsexual programme with sexual or nonsexual commercials. Recall and involvement levels were tested with a series of memory tests and programme ratings. It was predicted that sexual advertisements would be recalled and recognised better overall, that the sexual programme context would impair memory for commercials, and that level of involvement with the programme would inversely correlate with recall and recognition of the commercials and their content. Recall of sexual advertisements was found to be better than for nonsexual advertisements, and subjective ratings of programme involvement were higher for the sexual programme. Neither the perceived involvement level nor programme type affected memory for the commercials overall, but men were shown to remember sexual advertisements better than nonsexual advertisements—particularly when the sexual advertisements were embedded in a sexual programme. Women were equally good at remembering sexual and nonsexual advertisements. Implications of the current results and suggestions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visible‐to‐UV/Violet Upconversion Dynamics in Er3+‐Doped Oxyfluoride Nanoscale Glass Ceramics
Authors: Rodríguez Vicente D. , Tikhomirov Victor K. , Velázquez Jose J. , Shestakov Mikhail V. , Moshchalkov Victor V.
Published: July 2013

Visible‐to‐UV/violet upconversion luminescence is found and studied in oxyfluoride glass ceramics with Er3+ dopant concentrations of 3.5, 6.0, or 12.0 mol%, covering a broad pump‐power range. The glass ceramics with doping levels of 3.5 and 6.0 mol% show the strongest upconversion luminescence intensity when compared to both higher doping levels and the respective precursor glasses. A comprehensive analysis of the involved upconversion mechanisms is presented. These materials could be useful to enhance the efficiency of the water‐splitting systems by using UV/violet light upconverted from the green and red parts of the solar spectrum, which are an alternative to photovoltaic solar cells.
Altitude effects on growth of indigenous children in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico
Authors: Little Bertis B. , Malina Robert M. , Pena Reyes Maria Eugenia , Bali Chavez Guillermo
Published: July 2013

The effect of altitude of residence on the growth status of 11,454 indigenous school children 6–14 years of age in Oaxaca, southern Mexico, was examined. Indicators of living conditions (human development index [HDI], index of community nutritional risk [INR], index of marginalization [IM], index of relative isolation [II]) were regressed on z‐scores for height, weight and BMI, and the residuals were regressed on altitude of residence (km). Independent of other environmental conditions, altitude negatively affected height by approximately −0.07 z‐scores per kilometer altitude above sea level. The estimated average decrease in stature was 0.92 cm per kilometer elevation. BMI was significantly increased, 1.2 units per kilometer elevation, consistent with earlier studies of growth status and altitude. In contrast, weight was not affected by altitude of residence. Approximately 36% of the reduction in height and 54% of the increase in BMI were due to altitude effects; the remaining changes in height and BMI were associated with environmental factors reflected in the indices of community well‐being considered. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:1–10, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Instrumental social support and women's body composition in El Alto, Bolivia
Authors: Hicks Kathryn
Published: July 2013

Instrumental social support, or aid in the form of labor or money, may exert a positive influence on economic welfare and food security. Several investigators have found a positive relationship between social support and nutritional status, while others have found a negative association between social support and central adiposity. In the rural Andes, extra‐household economic cooperation has long been an important adaptive strategy, and the breakdown of these relationships is one reason for high rates of rural‐to‐urban migration, including to the Bolivian city of El Alto. This research investigates the influence of instrumental support on women's body composition. Information was collected on individual perception of instrumental support and anthropometric indicators of nutritional status including percent body fat (bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)), BMI, and distribution of fat on trunk relative to limbs (Ratio of subscapular to triceps skinfold (STR)), and multiple linear regression analysis used to test the prediction that instrumental social support is positively related to body fat stores. Controlling for age and household socioeconomic status, perceived access to one or more sources of instrumental support was positively and significantly related to overall levels of adiposity. There is no evidence that STR mediates the relationship between instrumental social support and body composition. This analysis offers support for the prediction that economic social support has direct effects on women's energy stores. The interpretation of these results is somewhat ambiguous given the high levels of overweight and obesity in this population. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:51–57, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paleodemographic age‐at‐death distributions of two Mexican skeletal collections: A comparison of transition analysis and traditional aging methods
Authors: Bullock Meggan , Márquez Lourdes , Hernández Patricia , Ruíz Fernando
Published: July 2013

Traditional methods of aging adult skeletons suffer from the problem of age mimicry of the reference collection, as described by Bocquet‐Appel and Masset (1982). Transition analysis (Boldsen et al., 2002) is a method of aging adult skeletons that addresses the problem of age mimicry of the reference collection by allowing users to select an appropriate prior probability. In order to evaluate whether transition analysis results in significantly different age estimates for adults, the method was applied to skeletal collections from Postclassic Cholula and Contact‐Period Xochimilco. The resulting age‐at‐death distributions were then compared with age‐at‐death distributions for the two populations constructed using traditional aging methods. Although the traditional aging methods result in age‐at‐death distributions with high young adult mortality and few individuals living past the age of 50, the age‐at‐death distributions constructed using transition analysis indicate that most individuals who lived into adulthood lived past the age of 50. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:67–78, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superabsorbent hydrogel composites with a focus on hydrogels containing nanofibers or nanowhiskers of cellulose and chitin
Authors: Rodrigues Francisco H. A. , Spagnol Cristiane , Pereira Antonio G. B. , Martins Alessandro F. , Fajardo André R. , Rubira Adley F. , Muniz Edvani C.
Published: July 2013

The development of superabsorbent hydrogels (SHs) is a very important issue in both academic and industrial fields because of their applications in several technologies. The impressive number of publications dealing with SH confirms this statement: a quick search in the ISI (Web of Science) database under the words superabsorbent hydrogels revealed more than 600 articles published, with about 80% of those published in last decade. Current studies on the development of SHs have focused on the formulation of highly functional materials with enhanced properties for suitable applications in different fields. In light of this, the incorporation of microsized or nanosized materials in SH formulations has been explored as a very attractive strategy for tailoring desired properties. In this review, we discuss relevant aspects of the current knowledge of SHs and nanocomposite polymer hydrogels, mainly those based on chitin and cellulose nanocrystals (fibers and/or whiskers), bringing to light some structure–property relationships and future trends. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39725.
Potentiometric, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigations into Cu2+ ion binding properties of vinyl imidazole containing IMAC adsorbent
Authors: Çam Tülay , Osman Bilgen , Kara Ali , Demirbel Emel , Beşirli Necati , Irez Gazi
Published: July 2013

In this study, the use of the potentiometric method for the determination of the protonation constant of vinyl imidazole (VIM) and the stability constant of the Cu2+ ion complex of VIM used in the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) was investigated. For this purpose, poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐n‐vinyl imidazole) [poly(EGDMA–VIM)] microspheres (average diameter 150–200 μm) were prepared. The microspheres were characterized by elemental analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, elemental analysis, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Protonation constants of vinyl imidazole and the metal‐ligand stability constant of vinyl imidazole with Cu2+ ions have been determined potentiometrically in 0.1M NaCl aqueous solution at 298, 318, and 338 K, respectively. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters of protonation and complexation processes (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) were derived and discussed. The formation kinetics of Cu2+‐vinyl imidazole complex were also investigated, and the process obeyed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39751.
Deriving query suggestions for site search
Authors: Kruschwitz Udo , Lungley Deirdre , Albakour M‐Dyaa , Song Dawei
Published: July 2013

Modern search engines have been moving away from simplistic interfaces that aimed at satisfying a user's need with a single‐shot query. Interactive features are now integral parts of web search engines. However, generating good query modification suggestions remains a challenging issue. Query log analysis is one of the major strands of work in this direction. Although much research has been performed on query logs collected on the web as a whole, query log analysis to enhance search on smaller and more focused collections has attracted less attention, despite its increasing practical importance. In this article, we report on a systematic study of different query modification methods applied to a substantial query log collected on a local website that already uses an interactive search engine. We conducted experiments in which we asked users to assess the relevance of potential query modification suggestions that have been constructed using a range of log analysis methods and different baseline approaches. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of log analysis to extract query modification suggestions. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that a more fine‐grained approach than grouping search requests into sessions allows for extraction of better refinement terms from query log files.
So fast so good: An analysis of answer quality and answer speed in community Question‐answering sites
Authors: Chua Alton Y. K. , Banerjee Snehasish
Published: July 2013

The authors investigate the interplay between answer quality and answer speed across question types in community question‐answering sites (CQAs). The research questions addressed are the following: (a) How do answer quality and answer speed vary across question types? (b) How do the relationships between answer quality and answer speed vary across question types? (c) How do the best quality answers and the fastest answers differ in terms of answer quality and answer speed across question types? (d) How do trends in answer quality vary over time across question types? From the posting of 3,000 questions in six CQAs, 5,356 answers were harvested and analyzed. There was a significant difference in answer quality and answer speed across question types, and there were generally no significant relationships between answer quality and answer speed. The best quality answers had better overall answer quality than the fastest answers but generally took longer to arrive. In addition, although the trend in answer quality had been mostly random across all question types, the quality of answers appeared to improve gradually when given time. By highlighting the subtle nuances in answer quality and answer speed across question types, this study is an attempt to explore a territory of CQA research that has hitherto been relatively uncharted.
A smarter mouse with human astrocytes
Authors: Zhang Ye , Barres Ben A.
Published: July 2013

What is the biological basis for human cognition? Our understanding why human brains make us smarter than other animals is still in its infancy. In recent years, astrocytes have been shown to be indispensable for neuronal survival, growth, synapse formation, and synapse function. Now, in a new study from Maiken Nedergaard and Steven Goldman's groups (Han et al., 2013), human glia progenitor cells have been transplanted into mouse forebrains. These progenitors survived, migrated widely, and gave rise to astrocytes that displayed the characteristics of human astrocytes in the rodent host brains. Strikingly, the mice with transplanted human cells displayed improved long term potentiation (LTP) and learning, suggesting the potential importance of human astrocytes in the unique cognitive abilities of human brains. This landmark paper is an important first step toward future investigations of whether and how human astrocytes play a role in distinguishing the cognitive abilities of humans from those of other animals.
Endovascular iliac rescue technique for complete arterial avulsion after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Obon‐Dent Mauricio , Reul Ross M. , Mortazavi* Ali
Published: July 2013

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as an alternative therapy to open aortic valve repair for high‐risk patients with aortic stenosis, but larger delivery sheath size is associated with vascular complications. We report 2 cases in which a minimally invasive technique was used for the hybrid repair of confirmed or suspected large‐bore sheath traumatic avulsion (i.e., “iliac on a stick”) after TAVR. We believe our hybrid approach to rescuing the iliac artery in suspected or confirmed complete artery avulsion could improve outcomes for patients who require TAVR. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the solution of the dynamic population balance model describing emulsification: Evaluation of weighted residual methods
Authors: Solsvik Jannike , Becker Per J. , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Jakobsen Hugo A.
Published: July 2013

Numerical techniques in the family of weighted residual methods; the orthogonal collocation, Galerkin, tau and least‐squares, are evaluated for the solution of transient population balance (PB) models describing liquid–liquid emulsification systems in stirred batch vessels. The numerical solution techniques are compared based on (i) a breakage dominated system with experimental data available, and (ii) a breakage–coalescence test case. Two numerical approaches are studied for the transient term: (i) time‐differencing by a low order finite difference approximation, and (ii) the spectral‐element technique. Both approaches use spectral approximations in the phase space dimension. Based on a residual measure, computational costs, and implementation complexity the combined finite difference–spectral approach is recommended above the spectral‐in‐time‐spectral‐in‐space approach. Within this recommended solution framework, it is not necessary to use a more mathematical complex spectral method than the orthogonal collocation technique.
Population‐based prognostic factors for survival in patients with Burkitt lymphoma: An analysis from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Winer Eric S. , Olszewski Adam J.
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive but potentially curable lymphoma, previously described in small, single‐institution studies. This study evaluated prognostic factors for survival in adult patients with BL and a potential outcome improvement over the past decade in a population‐based cohort.

METHODS

Adult patients with BL diagnosed between 1998 and 2009 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Prognostic factors were identified in a multivariate model for relative survival (RS), and trends in survival were evaluated using period analysis.

RESULTS

The study cohort included 2284 patients, with a median age of 49 years and male predominance (2.6:1). Gastrointestinal tract and the head and neck were the most common sites of extranodal disease. Older age, black race/ethnicity, and advanced stage were associated with a worse survival. In the period analysis, trends in improved survival between 1998 and 2009 were seen, except for patients older than 60 years and black patients, whose survival did not improve. A prognostic score divided patients into 4 groups: low‐risk (5‐year RS: 71%), low‐intermediate (5‐year RS: 55%), high‐intermediate (5‐year RS: 41%), and high‐risk (5‐year RS: 29%; P  < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

The outcome of patients younger than 60 years with BL improved over the past decade. Age, race, and stage have a prognostic role for survival. The proposed score can help inform prognosis in newly diagnosed patients and stratify participants in future trials. Cancer 2013;119:3672–3679. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Noise Prevents Collapse of Vlasov‐Poisson Point Charges
Authors: Delarue François , Flandoli Franco , Vincenzi Dario
Published: July 2013

We elucidate the effect of noise on the dynamics of N point charges in a Vlasov‐Poisson model with a singular bounded interaction force. A too simple noise does not affect the structure inherited from the deterministic system and, in particular, cannot prevent coalescence of point charges. Inspired by the theory of random transport of passive scalars, we identify a class of random fields generating random pulses that are chaotic enough to disorganize the structure of the deterministic system and prevent any collapse of particles. We obtain the strong unique solvability of the stochastic model for any initial configuration of distinct point charges. In the case where there are exactly two particles, we implement the “vanishing noise method” for determining the continuation of the deterministic model after collapse. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scalable large‐scale fluid–structure interaction solvers in the Uintah framework via hybrid task‐based parallelism algorithms
Authors: Meng Qingyu , Berzins Martin
Published: July 2013

Uintah is a software framework that provides an environment for solving fluid–structure interaction problems on structured adaptive grids for large‐scale science and engineering problems involving the solution of partial differential equations. Uintah uses a combination of fluid flow solvers and particle‐based methods for solids, together with adaptive meshing and a novel asynchronous task‐based approach with fully automated load balancing. When applying Uintah to fluid–structure interaction problems, the combination of adaptive meshing and the movement of structures through space present a formidable challenge in terms of achieving scalability on large‐scale parallel computers. The Uintah approach to the growth of the number of core counts per socket together with the prospect of less memory per core is to adopt a model that uses MPI to communicate between nodes and a shared memory model on‐node so as to achieve scalability on large‐scale systems. For this approach to be successful, it is necessary to design data structures that large numbers of cores can simultaneously access without contention. This scalability challenge is addressed here for Uintah, by the development of new hybrid runtime and scheduling algorithms combined with novel lock‐free data structures, making it possible for Uintah to achieve excellent scalability for a challenging fluid–structure problem with mesh refinement on as many as 260K cores. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complementarity in biological systems: A complexity view
Authors: Theise Neil D. , Kafatos Menas C.
Published: July 2013

Niels Bohr and Max Delbruck believed that complementarity—such as wave–particle duality—was not limited to the quantum realm, but had correlates in the study of living things. Biological complementarity would indicate that no single technique or perspective allows comprehensive viewing of all of a biological entity's complete qualities and behaviors; instead, complementary perspectives, necessarily and irrevocably excluding all others at the moment an experimental approach is selected, would be necessary to understand the whole. Systems biology and complexity theory reveal that, as in the quantum realm, experimental observations themselves limit our capacity to understand a biological system completely because of scale‐dependent “horizons of knowledge,” a form of biological complementarity as predicted by Bohr and Delbruck. Specifically, observational selection is inherently, irreducibly coupled to observed biological systems as in the quantum realm. These nested systems, beginning with biomolecules in aqueous solution all the way up to the global ecosystem itself, are understood as a seamless whole operating simultaneously and complementarily at various levels. This selection of an observational stance is inseparable from descriptions of biology indicates—in accordance with views of thinkers such as von Neumann, Wigner, and Stapp—that even at levels of scale governed by classical physics, at biological scales, observational choice remains inextricably woven into the establishment, in the observational moment, of the present conditions of existence. These conceptual shifts will not only have theoretical impact, but may point the way to new, successful therapeutic interventions, medically (at the scale of organisms) or environmentally/economically (at a global scale). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 18: 11‐20, 2013