bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« La cause c’est nous » : militants du Hezbollah au Liban face à la guerre en Syrie
Authors: Calabrese Erminia Chiara
Published: October 2016

Cet article analyse la façon dont les militants du Hezbollah libanais ont adopté et vécu la décision du parti de s’engager militairement en Syrie, aux côtés des troupes de Bachar al-Assad. S’appuyant sur des entretiens biographiques avec des militants et des combattants dans la banlieue sud de Beyrouth, des observations ethnographiques et des sources secondaires, il éclaire les pratiques militantes au sein du Hezbollah depuis 2011. En dépit de la diversité d’attitudes de la part des militants vis-à-vis de cette intervention, l’article montre combien les ressorts de la loyauté au Hezbollah ne se limitent pas à la question de la résistance contre Israël, qui n’est qu’une déclinaison d’une cause plus générale.
Irak : « la malédiction du trop-plein partisan »
Authors: Al Rachid Loulouwa
Published: October 2016

Loulouwa Al Rachid rend compte de la construction historique du fait partisan irakien et du moment de l’intervention étrangère de 2003 qui opère le passage d’un État-parti à un oligopole partisan, d’un parti-idéologie à des partis-confessions. Elle dresse le constat d’une société politique extrêmement diverse, mais dont la diversité, contrainte par un champ partisan à la fois violent, verrouillé et hyperconcurrentiel, ne trouve à s’exprimer que sur des modes armés et confessionnalisés à outrance.
Nice et ses musulmans : une intégration refusée ?
Authors: Bistolfi Robert
Published: October 2016

Endeuillée par l’un des attentats les plus meurtriers liés à Daech, Nice n’a pas été choisie au hasard. La Promenade des Anglais est bien connue, son prestige est associé au soleil et à la légèreté des vacances. L’écho médiatique de l’événement ne pouvait être que mondial. On dit que l’État islamique en recul au Proche-Orient a ainsi voulu rappeler que sa capacité de nuisance demeurait forte. D’autres analyseront cette dimension-là de l’événement, mais pour ce qui est de la France, le choix de Nice n’a pas été anodin pour d’autres raisons. Le paravent trompeur des palmiers masque des inégalités et des frictions bien réelles. Le nombre de musulmans est aujourd’hui significatif, et ils sont visibles – légitimement – dans l’espace public. La droite extrême qui domine ici a préféré manipuler les questions identitaires plutôt que d’affronter les défis et les efforts d’une réelle intégration sociale. La réalité des tensions sociétales a fait croire aux terroristes que la situation était exploitable, que la tuerie susciterait des violences antimusulmanes en retour. Leur choix du 14 juillet a voulu de même manifester symboliquement le refus d’une communauté politique égalitaire. Le but recherché – un déchaînement des affrontements – n’a pas été atteint. Pour le moment ? On doit se féliciter des réactions dignes, de la retenue dont, en général, la ville a su faire preuve. Mais, après l’émotion, le temps du deuil doit déboucher sur celui de la réflexion. Dans la démarche d’accueil des musulmans, la société niçoise avait-elle su affronter à la juste hauteur les défis d’une diversité culturelle inédite ? Sauf brillantes exceptions, le personnel politique a sur ce point été défaillant. Le riche particularisme nissart (catholicisme de tradition, dialecte original…) a été utilisé dans une démarche de repli et d’exclusion concernant l’Islam. Dans l’espace urbain, on a voulu contraindre la présence musulmane, l’effacer au maximum, la maintenir dans l’espace clos et discret de la famille, à la périphérie du cœur actif de la cité. Avec un simple dépouillement de la presse, on peut suivre au fil du temps ce refus des édiles d’admettre véritablement la composante musulmane de « leur » ville, cela en lui imputant l’intégrale responsabilité de son exclusion. N’en déplaise au Premier ministre qui avait affirmé qu’expliquer c’est déjà excuser, un rapprochement est inquiétant : les départs en Syrie à partir des Alpes-Maritimes ont été parmi les plus nombreux de l’Hexagone.
Vers une critique pragmatique du management et de l’évaluation par les chiffres. Une analyse des routines conversationnelles dans un réseau de franchise
Authors: Quaram Youness , Fauré Bertrand
Published: October 2016

Cet article propose de renouveler la critique traditionnelle du management et des instruments de mesure et d’évaluation des performances en assumant une position analytique pragmatique : la performativité des chiffres – ce qu’ils font en disant ce qui est – est constituée par une réciprocité, une symétrie, une oscillation entre eux et nous. A partir d’une analyse des routines conversationnelles des salariés d’une station service en franchise, cet article montre que la plus tyrannique des évaluations peut aussi être vue, à partir du moment où elle dure, comme performative d’un mode d’existence polyphonique de l’organisation. La conclusion invite les organisations à une éthique de l’indécidabilité dans l’usage des chiffres et des actes de langage.
Le Community management : une instrumentalisation de l’espace public, de la lutte pour la reconnaissance et de la logique de don
Authors: Galibert Olivier
Published: October 2016

Le Community management se présente comme une forme d’ingénierie sociale et symbolique dont l’objet est de développer l’interaction et l’autoproduction de contenus sur Internet. Le Community Management s’inscrit donc dans une forme de néo-management prompt à gommer les marques d’un contrôle social intrinsèquement lié aux normes gestionnaires, dans une forme de promotion d’un communautarisme électronique communicationnel, généreux et valorisant les usagers-membres. Mais cette récupération instrumentale d’une certaine forme d’idéologie d’Internet ne peut-elle pas déboucher sur une réelle promotion et diffusion des normes sociales émancipatrices qui la constituent ?
L’improvisation : un révélateur possible du management « distribué » dans un contexte de crise des modèles managériaux
Authors: Martin-Juchat Fabienne , Lépine Valérie
Published: October 2016

Cette contribution s’inscrit dans la continuité des recherches qui questionnent la crise des modèles du management. Les modèles ou les pratiques de la communication sont également impliqués comme participant de la construction d’un univers symbolique, déconnecté d’une réalité sensible et aliénée aux objectifs gestionnaires de la performance. Aussi, notre objectif est de rendre compte d’une proposition pédagogique concrète et alternative qui tente d’intégrer ces réflexions critiques. Cette recherche-action, impliquant des chorégraphes, spécialistes de l’improvisation, a été portée par les universités du site grenoblois dans le but de nourrir la pédagogie par la recherche et de développer des dispositifs de formation transférables dans les organisations.
Jouer en thérapie familiale psychanalytique : objets bruts, objets de relation, objets médiateurs
Authors: Granjon Evelyn
Published: October 2016

En famille, on joue avec son corps, avec des objets, avec des mots, individuellement ou à plusieurs. Cette activité naturelle et universelle participe à la fonction mythopoïétique de la famille et aux processus de transformation que nécessite la transmission de la vie psychique. Lorsque ces fonctions font défaut, la famille est en souffrance. Cas pratiques à l’appui, l’article montre que la thérapie familiale psychanalytique offre alors un néo-groupe pour (ré)apprendre à jouer, où objets bruts, objets de relation , peuvent être des embrayeurs ou des médiateurs des différents moments du processus thérapeutique.
Filiation catastrophique et travail de mémoire après la Shoah : quand la libre réalisation de l’arbre généalogique est au service de l’historicisation
Authors: Katz-Gilbert Muriel , Bourguignon Manon , Lo Piccolo Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

Cet article se propose de montrer comment un crime de masse tel que le génocide entraîne des répercussions psychiques sur plusieurs générations, ce que l’on peut considérer comme une catastrophe de la filiation. Comment s’inscrire dans un lien de filiation pour écrire son propre roman des origines lorsque l’horreur vécue musèle à jamais la vie de la mémoire, de la parole et de la transmission ? C’est à travers la médiation projective de la libre réalisation de l’arbre généalogique que l’article tentera d’explorer ces questions par une étude de cas. Dans l’espace intermédiaire de la rencontre, tout en respectant les aménagements défensifs du sujet, le travail de perlaboration se rend possible. L’article montre comment la dimension médiatrice et projective du dispositif se met au service du travail d’historicisation et de remémoration de l’histoire familiale et collective chez un descendant d’un survivant de la Shoah.
Commentaire sur l’article « Cruauté sexuelle dans le lit conjugal » de Brett Kahr (Dialogue n° 212)
Authors: Aubertel Françoise
Published: October 2016

La chambre à coucher des couples ordinaires, ne relevant aucunement de la justice, est souvent le théâtre d’une cruauté qui peut se manifester de manière subtile ou brutale. Mieux appréhender la violence sexuelle implique d’en approfondir les origines et la fonction. Les exemples cliniques montrent jusqu’où peut aller ce type de violence. Celle-ci demeure souvent cachée mais est source de grande souffrance. L’auteur souligne l’interaction des partenaires dans ces passages à l’acte. Il envisage une typologie des sadismes sexuels névrotiques.
Camp et campements
Authors: Bernardot Marc , Cousin Grégoire , Le Marchand Arnaud , Mésini Béatrice
Published: October 2016

Les camps fournissent du travail forcé aux pouvoirs qui les constituent alors que les campements autogèrent des opportunités et des hasards productifs. L’article recense plusieurs cas actuels de camps de travail forcé dans le monde et plusieurs cas historiques d’enfermement de main-d’œuvre qualifiée, utilisée dans l’économie locale. Le recours actuel à l’internement de masse pour contrôler les migrations implique des grandes entreprises et des associations qui en emportent les marchés. Dans les campements au contraire les ressources matérielles mobilisées et monétaires sont limitées mais l’installation est dépendante de ressources sociales et relationnelles suffisantes. Les frontières entre les formes camp et campement, économie formelle et économie informelle sont poreuses, comme l’illustrent quelques exemples en région Île de France.
Les routes euro-méditerranéennes discrètes de l’exode moyen-oriental
Authors: Tarrius Alain
Published: October 2016

Devenus indésirables dans les pays riches, des migrants ont développé de nouvelles initiatives économiques, le long de trois territoires circulatoires distincts, où ils réalisent une mondialisation entre pauvres, en s’appuyant sur les quartiers maghrébins des villes européennes traversées. La Bulgarie est une plaque tournante du troisième réseau, du fait de ses relations de longue date avec la Syrie. L’article relate l’exode d’une trentaine de Syriens étonnés de ne pas trouver suffisamment d’opportunités en Bulgarie, mais profitant tout au long de la route de l’aide de parents et amis, et tissant au fur et à mesure de nouvelles relations transnationales.
Une urgence pour une autre
Authors: Blanc Nathalie , Christoffel David
Published: October 2016

Le traitement des étrangers, migrants et demandeurs d’asile met en avant la notion d’urgence qui signifie concrètement mise en attente, à durée indéterminée. Ceux qui ont fui une situation autrement urgente sont soumis à ce qui apparaît une chronopolitique, un jeu sur l’assujettissement par les variations du temps. Les urgences propres aux migrants sont nouvelles par rapport à l’époque des migrations économiques ou contrôlées militairement, et vont augmenter avec le changement climatique. Elles ne coïncident pas nécessairement avec les urgences quantitatives et qualitatives des pays d’accueil.
La lutte des Guarani de l’Ouest du Paraná
Authors: Lini Priscila , Caubet Christian G.
Published: October 2016

Dans un territoire occupé au début du XX e  siècle par une colonisation agricole d’immigrants européens récents, au détriment des autochtones restés à l’écart du développement jusque-là, un grand barrage a été construit en 1973 au prix d’importants déplacements de populations, qui s’est traduit par un confinement des Guaranis dans des espaces trop exigus.
Effect of ingratiation on supervisor satisfaction through helping behavior: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Asadullah Muhammad Ali , Haider Sajid , De Pablos Heredero Carmen , Musaddiq Mariam
Published: October 2016

Purpose: This research intends to investigate the mediating role of helping behavior in relationship between employee ingratiation and supervisor satisfaction across high and low levels of ingratiation behavior, and answers the questions: how, when and why ingratiation is effective.Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through questionnaire surveys in hotel industry, and structural equation modelling was applied to analyze these data by using hypothetical-deductive approach.Findings: The results indicate that helping behavior is an important mediator of the relationship between ingratiation and supervisor satisfaction. Moreover, ingratiation is also a strong moderator of the relationship between helping behavior and supervisor satisfaction. This research concludes that employee ingratiation positively predicts helping behaviors, and consequently the supervisor satisfaction.Research limitations/implications: This study is not experimental in nature, but a cross-sectional design has been followed. Future research can focus on an experimental design by incorporating a time element, and the design and analysis should be nested since this study did not use multilevel analysis. Moreover, this study used only two forms of ingratiation for measuring employee ingratiation behavior. We suggest researchers to consider all four dimensions of ingratiation by using some distinct scales.Practical implications: This research explains mechanisms underlying supervisor-subordinate relationship, and contributes to organizational behavior research by answering the question; 'when and how ingratiation could be effective?' The findings of this study have important managerial implications, and provide future lines of research. Social implications: The findings of this research demonstrate that ingratiation is an important tool for satisfying superiors if employees exhibit helping behaviors towards coworkers and supervisors. Particularly, new employees can benefit from ingratiation to socialize within work organizations. Moreover, existing employees can use ingratiation to establish as well as maintain better social relations with supervisors and colleagues.Originality/value: Previous research emphasized more on customer-directed employee ingratiation but this study offers its contribution by emphasizing coworker as well as supervisor directed employee ingratiation. Moreover, this study measures effectiveness of ingratiation in terms of employee task performance representing supervisor satisfaction.
Topical Squalamine 0.2% and Intravitreal Ranibizumab 0.5 mg as Combination Therapy for Macular Edema Due to Branch and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: An Open-Label, Randomized Study
Authors: Wroblewski John J. , Hu Allen Y.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effects of squalamine (OHR-102; Ohr Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY) and ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) on macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Twenty consecutive, treatment-naïve patients with RVO-related ME received topical squalamine and intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg for 10 weeks, followed by randomization to continue or discontinue squalamine. Groups received as-needed ranibizumab from weeks 2 through 34. The primary endpoint was the proportion of eyes gaining 15 or more Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters at week 38. Safety and tolerability were assessed. Data from 13 treatment-naïve control eyes previously enrolled in three similar trials evaluating monthly ranibizumab 0.5 mg for RVO-related ME were included for comparison.

RESULTS:

At baseline, mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measures were 55.6 ETDRS letters and 55.0 ETDRS letters in the squalamine and control groups, respectively. At week 38, BCVA improved 25.6 letters in the squalamine group; at month 9, BCVA improved 16.3 letters in the control group. This corresponds to a between–treatment-group difference of 9.2 letters. Squalamine and ranibizumab combination therapy was well-tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients with RVO-related ME, topical squalamine combined with early, as-needed ranibizumab appears to enhance visual recovery versus ranibizumab alone. Combination therapy appears safe and was well-tolerated.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:914–923.]
Dehydrated Allogenic Human Amniotic Membrane Graft for Conjunctival Surface Reconstruction Following Removal of Exposed Scleral Buckle
Authors: Grewal Dilraj S. , Mahmoud Tamer H.
Published: October 2016

A 54-year-old male developed symptomatic scleral buckle exposure 16 years after placement and presented with large conjunctival defects with fibrosed edges. Following surgical removal of the buckle elements, primary conjunctival closure could not be achieved due to significant wound tension despite undermining the conjunctival edges to mobilize the conjunctiva. A dehydrated amniotic membrane graft (Ambio5; IOP Ophthalmics, Costa Mesa, CA) was placed on the scleral bed and secured in place with fibrin sealant (TISSEEL; Baxter International, Westlake Village, CA). The amniotic membrane allowed successful closure of the large conjunctival defect with a good cosmetic outcome and resolution of symptoms.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:948–951.]
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study of Choroidal Neovascularization Associated With Focal Choroidal Excavation
Authors: Chawla Rohan , Mittal Kanhaiya , Vohra Rajpal
Published: October 2016

The authors report the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) (DRI OCT Triton; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) to localize, characterize, and confirm the presence of a choroidal neovascular membrane in a patient of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) with recent-onset metamorphopsia and visual blurring. En face OCTA images just above the level of the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane complex typically showed the presence of a glomerulus-like neovascular network with an adjacent dark area suggestive of a Type 2 choroidal neovascularization (CNV). OCTA was found to be a very useful, noninvasive, and quick imaging modality to detect secondary CNV formation in a case of FCE.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:969–971.]
En el cruce de caminos
Authors: Ventura i Oller Montserrat
Published: October 2016

¿Podemos resaltar la originalidad de un grupo indígena fruto de un proceso de etnogénesis colonial? ¿Podemos hablar de relativismo, de redes de intercambio, de dinamismo, para describir su lógica cultural? ¿Cuál es el rol de los chamanes en una sociedad indígena contemporánea? A las cuestiones que plantea la etnografía del pueblo indígena Tsachila del Ecuador, a medio camino entre los Andes y la costa del Pacífico, esta obra propone la descripción de una sociedad en el cruce de caminos. Al hilo de la historia y de las prácticas, Montserrat Ventura descubre las relaciones sociales y dibuja los contornos de la identidad Tsachila. Al analizar la constitución de la persona y sus componentes, la lengua y las formas de relación, la autora nos desvela el relativismo característico de la lógica cultural de este grupo, notoria en la comunicación que mantienen los chamanes con el mundo de los espíritus. Al trabajar sobre la concepción de la enfermedad y la muerte, y sobre la acción ritual, este libro manifiesta la fluidez de la cosmología de las sociedades chamánicas amerindias: con su dinamismo cultural, gestionado en parle por los mismos chamanes, los Tsachila se erigen en un ejemplo particularmente interesante.
Appropriate Extension Methodologies for Agricultural Development in Emerging Economies
Authors: Famuyiwa B. S. , Olaniyi O. A. , Adesoji S. A.
Published: October 2016

Over two-thirds of the world's poorest people are located in rural areas and engaged primarily in agriculture and agricultural-related activities for their livelihood. Therefore, the future of most underdeveloped and developing nations depends on agriculture. Most African Countries have agricultural dependent economies that are hinged to rain-fed agriculture and based on smallholdings. These countries are referred to as countries with emerging economies and characterized as having low to middle per capita income and represent 20% of the world's economies. This chapter discusses; concepts of agricultural extension methodologies assessed from past to present, appropriating extension methodologies to encourage agricultural development, identifying roles of agricultural extension activities in agricultural development and factors influencing the choice of appropriate extension methodologies in emerging economies. It concludes with the constraints to sustainable agricultural development and extension methodologies which if removed will have the potential for progression towards economy development. Developing countries should fashion a sustainable extension system that will be socially acceptable and culturally compatible, economically viable and environmentally friendly.
The Temporal and Spatial Development of Organic Agriculture in Turkey
Authors: Kocadağlı Aylin Yaman
Published: October 2016

The world's population is increasing rapidly and the food need for the increasing population has been growing also. In the 21st century, efforts for the sustainable use of the natural resources have been raised all around the world. Agriculture has always been on the center of discussions and developments as an activity carried out depending on the nature. Therefore, the sustainable agricultural systems have gained a considerable importance in recent years. This chapter will examine the temporal and spatial development of the organic agriculture in Turkey. The current situation of the agricultural sector in Turkey will be reviewed and the need for a sustainable agricultural system in Turkey be analyzed. The temporal and spatial change of the organic agricultural areas, numbers of producers and products, and organic production amounts in Turkey will be put forward. Also, the organic agricultural potential of Turkey will be evaluated and the reasons for not exploiting this potential will be investigated.
Are GM Crops the Answer to Africa's Critical Food Security Status?
Authors: Ramachandran Nira
Published: October 2016

Despite unprecedented technological breakthroughs and rising incomes, the most basic human requirement–food security remains out of reach of many. The countries of Africa are the worst affected, and consistently score lowest on the Global Hunger Index. The downside of technological advance and increasing urbanisation is the decrease in cultivable land and water availability exacerbated by climatic unpredictability. While concerted efforts are on to control the crisis, it is time to take positive action and capture technology to boost food security. Genetically Modified (GM) crops engineered to be drought/flood resistant, reduce pesticide requirements or provide vitamins open up tremendous possibilities for enhancing food and nutrition security and counteracting negative environmental impacts. This paper reviews the current status of GM crops in Africa, the scope for expansion, possible impacts on food security and the validity of existing concerns about bio-safety and farmers' needs in the light of developing country experience.
Promoting Agricultural Productivity and Inclusive Growth in Uganda
Authors: Amone William , Kamuganga Dick Nuwamanya , Makombe Godswill
Published: October 2016

Although many countries in the world including Uganda witnessed high rates of economic growth in the last three decades, the strong growth has failed to holistically deliver the expected prosperity. Amidst Uganda's strong growth of about 7% per annum, of the recent decades, poverty, unemployment and inequality have remained pervasive especially in the rural areas; an indication that the growth process has not been pro-poor and inclusive of the deprived. Agriculture which is the sector employing majority of Uganda's poor has also not developed much; within the same period the sector grew at an average rate of 2% per annum and its productivity has remained considerably low. This chapter reviews the trending conception of inclusive economic growth, and its relevance to Uganda's development process. In its final section, the chapter assesses the factors that affect agricultural productivity and it discusses the most effective means of raising productivity in order to make the growth process of the country more broad-base, pro-poor and inclusive.
Mobile Application Testing
Authors: Ekambaram Vijay , Sharma Vivek , Rajput Nitendra
Published: October 2016

Statistics hold that 80% of the mobile applications are deleted after just one-time use. A significant reason for this can be attributed to the quality of the mobile application, thus impressing on the need for testing a mobile application before it is made available on the app stores. At the same time, the mobile application lifecycle time is shrinking. So while operating systems used to get release about once in a couple of years, mobile operating systems get updated within months. And talking of apps, new apps are expected to be built and released in a matter of weeks. This impresses the need for automated mechanisms to do mobile testing. The space of mobile application testing is challenging owing to the variety of phone devices, the operating systems and the conditions under which an app can be used by the user in the wild. This chapter is focused on tools and techniques that are used for automated testing of mobile applications.
A Spatio-Situation-Based Access Control Model for Dynamic Permission on Mobile Applications
Authors: Shao Xian , Demurjian Steven A. , Agresta Thomas P.
Published: October 2016

As users are now able to take their mobile devices from location to location, there has been a transition from a static program running on a PC/laptop to a dynamic application that can adapt based on a variety of conditions and criteria. This highlights an emerging need to support dynamic permissions of mobile applications as a user moves from location to location based and perform different actions in particular situation. This chapter presents a Spatio-Situation-Based Access Control model that extends role-based access control to secure sensitive data for mobile applications with the ability to make dynamic authorization decisions according to the time/location and the particular situation being encountered by a user. To demonstrate the feasibility of the work, a realistic healthcare scenario examines the complex workflow of treating a patient by a physician utilizing a mobile health (mHealth) app to access patient data, as she/he moves among multiple locations at different times throughout the day/week requiring access to different patient data repositories at different times.
A New Tool for Supporting Innovation in Biotech Co-Innovation and the Role of Economic Developers
Authors: Frangioni Marina
Published: October 2016

Biotech companies have been perceived has the Saint-Graal for economic development since a few years. But the economic downturn and a misunderstanding of the shift in innovation process, from a stage gate process to a user driven process placed, impairs biotech companies. Economic developer, which aims is to foster innovation to induce economic development asked themselves how to help innovation in the biotech sector to reach the market more rapidly and more efficiently. This book chapter present an overview in the innovation shift from the supply side to the demand side and propose a new model of intervention for economic developers in this new context of co-innovation.
Importance of Biotechnology in the Development of Functional Foods in Emerging Countries
Authors: Oliu Carolina Alejandra
Published: October 2016

This chapter seeks to highlight the qualities of functional foods, in relation to those called traditional foods and, from this perspective, the contribution that the use of techniques based on biotechnology can provide to increase the quality of foods, while seeking to reduce diseases derived from a bad or insufficient nutrition in the population. To that end, a brief overview has been prepared on the diverse categories of healthy foods, before delving deeper into the definitions of functional foods. This paper addresses the existing relation and impact of using biotechnology for processing them and, at the same time, it provides a short description of the potential market for functional foods in Chile.
Is China Catching Up?
Authors: Hanel Petr
Published: October 2016

The chapter examines whether Chinese health-related biotechnology is catching up with leaders in the field. The approach is inspired by Malerba's Sectoral System of Innovation and Production, complemented by Mathew's insight into strategies for latecomer firms. The results show that Chinese scientists are quickly catching up in the output of scientific publications. However, the basic research remains insufficient for the development of a sustainable, innovative industry. The industrial production of biotechnology-based manufacturing of drugs and medical devices is growing slower than their knowledge base. Most firms still manufacture under license or contract low-value “me too” generic pharmaceutical and biosimilar ingredients medicines. The intensity of R&D and patenting in China increased dramatically, especially in the foreign-invested firms but China's share of biotechnology patenting in the US, EPO and Japan are very low. In summary, Chinese biotechnology ‘industry' is catching up with the West, but it has a long way to go.
Knowledge Assets Management in the Energy Industry
Authors: Lerro Antonio , Schiuma Giovanni , Jacobone Francesca A.
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the state-of-the-art of Knowledge Assets Management (KAM) in the energy industry, reviewing both the literature and the practice of KAM initiatives. Particular attention is provided to the renewable energy sector and to the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It emerges that most of the literature is focused on big companies and little attention is paid to the renewable energy sector. It emerges that some organizations, especially in the oil industry, are seen as leaders in KM practice. On the other hand, SMEs operating in the renewable energy industry are not aware of the relevance of KAM and then do not address explicitly KAM initiatives or projects. The research reveals that small firms do indeed manage knowledge assets informally as part of their normal activities, without using the terminology and concepts of knowledge management discipline.
Bondonic Electrochemistry
Authors: Putz Mihai V. , Tudoran Marina A. , Mirica Marius C.
Published: October 2016

The main concepts of electrochemistry are reviewed in a fundamental manner as well for the applicative approach of asymmetric currents in the galvanic cells; the whole electrochemical process is eventually combined with embedded the bondonic chemistry modeling the electronic charge transfer sensitizing the anode electrode and the overall photovoltaic effect through the electrolyte fulfilling the red-ox closed circuit; the resulted bondonic electrochemistry may be suited for integration with the fresh approach of sensitization of the solar cells by the bonding quantum dots (the bondots), see the preceding chapter of the same book, towards a bondonic-bondotic photo-electrochemical integrated and cost-effective photo-current conversion; it may be used as well as for laser-based technique in controlling the electrochemical effects with optical lattices acting towards condensing the electrons into bondons and controlling them thereof.
Solar Power Plant Optimization
Authors: Reinoso Carlos Sanchez , Buitrago Román , Milone Diego
Published: October 2016

The objective of this chapter is to optimize the photovoltaic power plant considering the effects of variable shading on time and weather. For that purpose, an optimization scheme based on the simulator from Sanchez Reinoso, Milone, and Buitrago (2013) and on evolutionary computation techniques is proposed. Regarding the latter, the representation used and the proposed initialization mechanism are explained. Afterwards, the proposed algorithms that allow carrying out crossover and mutation operations for the problem are detailed. In addition, the designed fitness function is presented. Lastly, experiments are conducted with the proposed optimization methodology and the results obtained are discussed.
In2X3 (X=S, Se, Te) Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Emziane Mahieddine , Yoosuf Rahana
Published: October 2016

Indium chalcogenide thin film semiconductor compounds In2X3 (with X being a chalcogen atom, i.e., S, Se, or Te) are important materials in many current technological applications such as solar cells, micro-batteries, memory devices, etc. This chapter reviews the recent progress in In2X3 (X = S, Se, or Te) thin film research and development, with a particular attention paid to their growth and processing methods and parameters, and the effects that these have on the films microstructure. The intimate relationship between their fabrication conditions and the resulting physico-chemical and functional properties is discussed. Finally, results pertaining to the fabrication and characterization of these thin film materials, as well as the main devices and applications based on them are also highlighted and discussed in this chapter.
Applications of Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting (VEH) Devices
Authors: Lee Ooi Beng , Ket Thein Chung , Keat Yew Chun , Aziz A. Rashid A.
Published: October 2016

This chapter reviews present usage of vibration-based energy harvesting (VEH) devices and applications. The evolution of energy resources and advance in electronic technologies has resulting the need of self-sustainable wireless/portable electronic devices in current modern society. Batteries are non-beneficial in the miniaturization process of electronic designing and alternative power supplies are desperately needed to fill in the falling behind technologies gap to drive the advance of the wireless/portable development further. VEH mechanism is suggested in this chapter as the solution for the bottleneck. Various consideration of creating an optimal vibration energy harvester are suggested through an analytical model of a mechanical transducer. Useful applications and usages of VEH are presented and some suggestion for improvement are also given. Lastly, the trend of energy harvesting is annotated and commented in-line with the demand of electronic sensors market.
Energy Harvesting and Energy Conversion Devices Using Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Cernaianu Mihail O. , Gontean Aurel
Published: October 2016

The authors propose in this chapter an original, self-sustainable, power supply system for wireless monitoring applications that is powered from an energy harvesting device based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The energy harvesting system's purpose is to gather the waste heat from low temperature sources (<90°C), convert it to electrical energy and store it into rechargeable batteries. The energy harvesting system must be able to power a so-called condition monitoring system (CMS) that is used for the monitoring of heat dissipation equipment. The setup used for measurements (including mechanical details) and the experiments are described along with all the essential results of the research. The electronic system design is emphasized and various options are discussed.
Signal Processing Techniques in Smart Grids
Authors: Uddin Zahoor , Shah Nadir , Ahmad Ayaz , Mehmood Waqar , Alam Farooq
Published: October 2016

Basic concept of a smart grid is to have monitoring capability with data integration, advanced analysis to support system control, enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the power demand and reduce the energy consumption and cost. Implementing the smart grid will require intelligent interaction between the power generating and consuming devices that can be achieved by installing devices capable of processing data and communicating it to various parts in the grid. In short, we can say that the modern efficient data processing and communication technologies require advance digital signal processing techniques used in smart grid. This chapter first provides a comprehensive survey on the applications of signal processing techniques in smart grid. The challenges and limitations of signal processing techniques regarding the smart grid are also presented. Literature review of the recent advances in smart grid is also presented. This chapter also outlines some future research directions related to the field of applications of signal processing techniques in smart grid.
Impact of Green Growth and Development Path for Skilled and Unskilled Job Creation and Economic, Social Sustainability
Authors: Goswami Anandajit , Chaudhury Saswata , Garg Tarun
Published: October 2016

This chapter captures the possible impacts of green growth strategies and interventions in terms of skilled, unskilled job creation in context of an emerging country like India. Additionally, it addresses how income generation from specific possible green growth related interventions can have a ripple effect on development indicators like literacy rates, infant mortality rates, poverty. Further it links skilled and unskilled employment generation with “Right to Livelihoods” and MGNREGA and its implications for state level fiscal subsidies. Job creation reflects economic gain for different class of households in the short and long term. This economic gain reduces the level of inter-household and intra-household inter-temporal inequality levels. In the long run, this reduction in the inequality level can create a positive impact on the social sustainability.
Energy Sustainability of Countries
Authors: Grigoroudis Evangelos , Kouikoglou Vassilis S. , Phillis Yannis A.
Published: October 2016

The provision of adequate, reliable, and affordable energy, in conformity with social and environmental requirements is a vital part of sustainable development. Currently, countries are facing a two-fold energy challenge: on the one hand they should assure the provision of environmentally sustainable energy, while, on the other, energy services should be reliable, affordable, and socially acceptable. To evaluate such aspects of energy services one needs energy sustainability barometers, which provide the means to monitor the impacts of energy policies and assist policymakers in relevant decision making. Although sustainability is an ambiguous, complex, and polymorphous concept, all energy sustainability barometers incorporate the three major sustainability dimensions: social, economic, and environmental. In this chapter, we review three models for assessing the sustainability of energy development of countries: ESI, SAFE, and EAPI. We also present a brief discussion of the results, the applied methodologies, and the underlying assumptions of these sustainability barometers.
An Integrated Approach for Sustainable Environmental and Socio-Economic Development Using Offshore Infrastructure
Authors: Koundouri Phoebe , Giannouli Amerissa , Souliotis Ioannis
Published: October 2016

Seas and oceans offer a vast renewable energy resource and production possibilities with great potential for innovation and growth. Multi-purpose offshore platforms are ocean energy and aquaculture synergies developed in order to achieve efficient use of marine space. Regarding the construction and operation of such infrastructures, environmental and socio-economic benefits should be taken into account. This chapter uses the Ecosystem Services approach and the total economic framework for evaluating different designs of multi-purpose offshore platforms and a participatory approach to ensure their public acceptability.
Creative Energy Alternatives
Authors: Okay Esin
Published: October 2016

Energy has a strong impact on both economy and ecology. Global economy and ecology need to obtain sustainable and clean sources of energy, which is an issue of financial challenges. Developing countries face problems of energy sourcing due to costs and risks. But using the natural sources of energy in creative ways is cheap and clean. Therefore, developing economies must develop energy strategies based on creative energy solutions. Turkey as a developing country implemented policies to improve renewables and energy efficiency in line with EU requirements. Turkey does not have enough conventional energy but very large renewable energy resources. In this chapter, the large potential of creative energy alternatives in Turkey is explored. The indistinct start of energy savings market and the risks of financing huge energy projects show that Turkey needs to depend on investing in the cheapest forms of creative energy solutions.
Healthcare Computer Reasoning Addressing Chronically Ill Societies Using IoT
Authors: Mendes David , Lopes Manuel José , Romão Artur , Rodrigues Irene Pimenta
Published: October 2016

The authors present a proposal to develop intelligent assisted living environments for home based healthcare. These environments unite the chronical patient clinical history sematic representation with the ability of monitoring the living conditions and events recurring to a fully managed Semantic Web of Things (SWoT). Several levels of acquired knowledge and the case based reasoning that is possible by knowledge representation of the health-disease history and acquisition of the scientific evidence will deliver, through various voice based natural interfaces, the adequate support systems for disease auto management but prominently by activating the less differentiated caregiver for any specific need. With these capabilities at hand, home based healthcare providing becomes a viable possibility reducing the institutionalization needs. The resulting integrated healthcare framework will provide significant savings while improving the generality of health and satisfaction indicators.
The Effects of Consumer Engagement Behavior on the Growth of Social Media Brand Community
Authors: He Xiaoyun , Negahban Arash
Published: October 2016

In recent years, there has been increasing attention to how consumers' roles and behaviors can shape and affect social media based brand communities. In this study the authors examine the dynamic relationships between specific consumer engagement behaviors and the growth rate of social media brand community over time. The results of their study suggest that the overall consumer engagement behavior has a significant predictive relationship with the growth rate of brand community in both short term and long term. While each type of positive consumer engagement behavior alone is not a significant indicator of the growth rate of brand community, a combination of them, as a whole, has a positive predictive relationship with the growth rate of brand community. When the effect of promotional posts is taken into consideration, consumer sharing is found to have relatively stronger and faster predictive relationship with the growth rate of brand community, followed by commenting and liking, than other consumer engaging activities. Negative consumer engagement behaviors in general do not play a significant role in predicting the growth rate of brand community in long term, but it does lead to adverse effect in the short term. This study sheds insights on the dynamic effects of consumer engagement behavior in building and growing social media based brand communities.
How Technologies Can Enhance Open Policy Making and Citizen-Responsive Urban Planning
Authors: De Filippi Francesca , Coscia Cristina , Guido Roberta
Published: October 2016

This paper explores an innovative approach to open policymaking and citizen-responsive urban planning. It reports on project MiraMap carried out by the Politecnico di Torino (the Polytechnic University of Turin). The project engages both citizens and the Public Administration in a reporting process concerning critical issues, as well as positive trends and resources within the Mirafiori Sud administrative area of Turin (Italy), through the use of a digital collaborative platform. The experiment was a real case study geared at evaluating the use of open source technologies to foster e-participation in urban planning. MiraMap has been set up with an eye to achieving integration within the current administrative management process and to involving new actors in the decision-making process through a “collective governance” approach. Therefore, this paper seeks to set up a methodological (and technological) framework, which is seen as crucial for addressing the complexity and dynamics of urban planning and programming, by integrating the perspectives of citizens through their actual engagement.
A Characterisation and Framework for User-Centric Factors in Evaluation Methods for Recommender Systems
Authors: Kavu Tatenda D. , Dube Kuda , Raeth Peter G. , Hapanyengwi Gilford T.
Published: October 2016

Researchers have worked on-finding e-commerce recommender systems evaluation methods that contribute to an optimal solution. However, existing evaluations methods lack the assessment of user-centric factors such as buying decisions, user experience and user interactions resulting in less than optimum recommender systems. This paper investigates the problem of adequacy of recommender systems evaluation methods in relation to user-centric factors. Published work has revealed limitations of existing evaluation methods in terms of evaluating user satisfaction. This paper characterizes user-centric evaluation factors and then propose a user-centric evaluation conceptual framework to identify and expose a gap within literature. The researchers used an integrative review approach to formulate both the characterization and the conceptual framework for investigation. The results reveal a need to come up with a holistic evaluation framework that combines system-centric and user-centric evaluation methods as well as formulating computational user-centric evaluation methods. The conclusion reached is that, evaluation methods for e-commerce recommender systems lack full assessment of vital factors such as: user interaction, user experience and purchase decisions. A full consideration of these factors during evaluation will give birth to new types of recommender systems that predict user preferences using user decision-making process profiles, and that will enhance user experience and increase revenue in the long run.
Measuring Mobile Phone Technology Adoption in SMEs
Authors: Mushi Renatus , Jafari Said , Ennis Almar
Published: October 2016

Mobile technology has experienced a huge acceptance by many users in the current generation. This is due to the benefits offered through its use by individuals and organisations. Similarly, technology adoption studies have widely been used to uncover factors which determine their adoption in different contexts. Some of the scenarios in technology adoption differ due to the specific technology which is under study. For instance, mobile phone technology differs from other computing technologies in several aspects due to its nature i.e. mobility. These differences come along with some different insights concerning the adoption of mobile phones in a particular context. Highlighting important issues on studying the adoption of mobile technology is necessary, especially in developing countries where SMEs are engaging in the usage of mobile phones to accomplish business processes. Thus, this paper provides set of metrics for measuring adoption of mobile phone technology in SMEs. This qualitative study uses a combination of critical literature reviews and interviews conducted by involving key stakeholders of SMEs in Tanzania. This paper shows that among the existing metrics which are used in measuring adoption of other computing technologies, only value creation metric has more realistic grounds to explain the extent of mobile phones adoption in the context of SMEs.