bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Питание для здоровья желудка – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Желудок – это полый мышечный орган, напоминающий мешок. Расположен он в центральной части организма человека. Стенки желудка высланы слизистым эпителием. Здесь начинается переваривание пищи, благодаря желудочному соку, в состав которого входит соляная кислота. Эта кислота является сильнейшим реагентом, но благодаря скорости регенерации слизистой желудка, она не способна причинить вред близлежащим органам.

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Питание для желчного пузыря – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Елисеева Татьяна  , Ткачева Наталья
Published: December 2023

Часто, при заболеваниях желчного пузыря, у человека портится характер. Он становится раздражительным и беспокойным. А все дело в этом небольшом органе, который иногда доставляет нам столько хлопот!

Желчный пузырь — орган, расположенный с правой стороны тела человека, прямо под печенью. Это «депо» желчи, которая, во время очередного приема пищи, выбрасывается в кишечник для ускорения переваривания. Размер желчного пузыря небольшой, примерно, со среднее куриное яйцо. Внутри он заполнен тягучей, зеленоватого цвета желчью. О том, как сохранить этот орган здоровым на долгие годы и пойдет речь в нашей статье.

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Питание для селезенки – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Селезёнка – удлиненный непарный орган, расположенный в левой верхней части брюшной полости, сзади от желудка. Несмотря на то, что селезенка не принадлежит к числу жизненно важных органов, ее присутствие крайне важно для человеческого организма.

Это связанно с тем, что она выполняет иммунную, фильтрационную и кроветворную функции. Кроме того, селезенка принимает активное участие в обмене веществ. Ее ближайшими соседями являются: диафрагма, поджелудочная железа, толстая кишка и левая почка.

Благодаря способности селезенки к депонированию крови, в нашем организме всегда существует некий запас, который выбрасывается в общее русло при первой же необходимости. Кроме того, на селезенку возложен контроль за качеством циркулирующей в организме крови. Здесь утилизируются старые, поврежденные, а также измененные элементы крови. Также, селезенка принимает активное участие в кроветворении.

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Питание для надпочечников – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Надпочечники – это небольшие парные железы, находящиеся в верхней части каждой из почек. Каждая железа состоит из корковой и мозговой структуры. Каждая из этих структур производит определенный гормон.

Например, гормоны коры надпочечников (корковая структура), влияют на половые функции, углеводный обмен, содействуют повышению защитных сил организма и трудоспособности мышц.

Мозговая структура отвечает за производство адреналина и норадреналина. Именно поэтому надпочечники называют также «железами выживания». Это вызвано тем, что продукты их секреции обеспечивают прилив сил и энергии.

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Питание для печени – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Елисеева Татьяна  , Ткачева Наталья
Published: December 2023

Влияние работы печени на весь организм человека трудно переоценить. Ее роль понятна из самого же названия. Печень (от слова «печь, сжигать») перерабатывает все ненужные организму вещества. А получаемую в результате данной реакции энергию направляет на необходимые участки тела.

Печень – это крупный непарный орган, расположенный в правой части туловища, под диафрагмой. Состоит из двух долей: правой и левой. Печень является самым тяжелым органом нашего организма. Благодаря своим уникальным свойствам, она способна преобразовывать всевозможные яды, аллергены и токсины в вещества, способные к легкому выведению из организма.

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Питание для здоровья предстательной железы – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Предстательная железа мужчины (простата) – является непарным андрогенозависимым органом, расположенным чуть ниже мочевого пузыря. Охватывает со всех сторон мочеиспускательный канал, выбрасывая в него (во время эякуляции) такие вещества, как иммуноглобулины, ферменты, витамины, а также лимонную кислоту и ионы цинка, необходимые для нормальной жизнедеятельности сперматозоидов.

Секрет предстательной железы, также участвует в разжижении эякулята. Предстательная железа достигает своего полного созревания только к 17 годам.

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Питание для здоровья матки – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Матка – один из главных органов женского организма. Именно она ответственна за продолжение человеческого рода.

Матка представляет собой полый орган, внутри которого зарождается и развивается будущий младенец. Снизу матка переходит в шейку матки. Сверху же она имеет два ответвления, которые называются маточными трубами. Именно по ним, будущая яйцеклетка опускается в полость матки, где встречается со сперматозоидом. После их встречи начинается таинство сотворения жизни.

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Питание для здоровья яичников – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Являясь железами внешней и внутренней секреции, яичники не только создают яйцеклетки, но и вырабатывают гормоны-эстрогены. Благодаря им, женский организм способен к омоложению. Вырабатываемые яичниками, гормоны способствуют сохранению женского здоровья и красоты.

Известный английский геронтолог Джустин Гласс считает, что человек сможет жить до 180 лет, если научиться «помогать» своим железам внутренней секреции правильным питанием и упражнениями.

Отсутствие полноценного питания негативно сказывается на функционировании женских половых желез и может стать причиной бесплодия.

Для полноценного функционирования яичников, необходимо употреблять продукты, богатые витаминами А, В, С, Е и микроэлементами – медью и железом. Очень важна аминокислота аргинин.

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Питание для мозжечка – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Располагается позади продолговатого мозга, под затылочными долями полушарий головного мозга.

Состоит из двух полушарий, включающих в себя белое и серое вещество. Отвечает за координацию движений, а также за регуляцию равновесия и мышечного тонуса.

Масса мозжечка составляет 120—150 г.

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Питание для гипофиза – полезные и опасные продукты, рекомендации
Authors: Ткачева Наталья  , Елисеева Татьяна
Published: December 2023

Гипофиз расположен в нижней поверхности головного мозга в костном кармане, называемом «турецким седлом». Является главным регулятором эндокринной системы. Отвечает за выработку гормонов роста, а также за обменные процессы и репродуктивную функцию.

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AI Enabled Crypto Mining for Electric Vehicle Systems
Authors: S.Radha Rammohan  , A.Jayanthiladevi
Published: December 2023

A virtual grid (VG) is an interconnected system that includes a decentralized power plant, flexible loads, and energy storage facilities. During peak demand, a VG can distribute the power provided by several interconnected units in an equitable manner, ensuring that the grid burden is spread out evenly. Electric vehicles (EVs) and other demand-side energy devices can help keep the energy market supply and demand in harmony with proper use. However, it might be difficult to maintain a consistent power balance due to the inherent unpredictability of the power units. Furthermore, the issue of protecting the privacy of communications between a VPP aggregator and the final facilities has not been thoroughly explored. In this paper, we provided detailed analytics on optimization-based crypto mining for electric vehicle systems. The simulation is conducted to test the efficacy of the model, and the results show that the proposed method has a higher rate of accuracy than other methods.
Hâkim el-Cüşemî’nin et-Tehzîb fi’t-Tefsîr Adlı Tefsirinde İlâhiyyât Bahisleri ve Mu‘tezilî Görüşlerin Etkisi
Authors: Özdemir Faruk
Published: December 2023

Bu makalede Hâkim el-Cüşemî’nin (ö. 494/1101) et-Tehzîb fi’t-tefsîr adlı tefsirinde ilâhiyyât bahisleri ve Mu‘tezilî görüşlerin etkisi araştırma konusu yapılmıştır. Hz. Ali (ö. 40/661) ile Muaviye (ö. 60/680) arasında meydana gelen Sıffîn (37/657) Savaşı sonrasında “Hakem Olayı”nı takip eden süreçte Müslümanlar arasında itikâdî ve siyasî görüş ayrılıkları sebebiyle birçok mezhep ve fırka ortaya çıkmıştır. Her mezhep kendi görüşünün doğruluğunu ispatlayabilmek ve meşru bir zemin bulabilmek gayesiyle Kur’ân âyetlerine müracaat etmiştir. Mu‘tezile mezhebine mensup müfessirler de bu mezhebin usûl-i hamse diye meşhur beş esası doğrultusunda tefsir yazmışlardır. Müfessir Hâkim el-Cüşemî’nin et-Tehzîb fi’t-tefsîr adlı tefsiri de Mu‘tezilî görüşlerin yoğun olarak işlendiği bir tefsirdir. Söz konusu tefsir Mu‘tezile ekolünün görüşlerinin Kâdî Abdülcebbâr (ö. 415/1025) tarafından sistematik hale getirilmesinin akabinde yazılmış olması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmamız söz konusu tefsirdeki ilâhiyyât bahisleri ile sınırlandırılmış, makalemizin boyutunu aşacağı düşüncesiyle sem‘iyyât ve nübüvvet bahisleri araştırma kapsamı dışında tutulmuştur. Bu bağlamda Allah’ın varlığı ve birliği, Allah’ın benzerinin olmaması, Allah hakkında “şey” denilmesi, “cisim” denilmemesi, rü’yetullah, Allah’ın isimleri ve sıfatları gibi ilâhiyyât konularına ilişkin Hâkim el-Cüşemî’nin görüş ve değerlendirmelerine yer verilmiştir. Araştırmamızın amacı ilâhiyyât kapsamına giren itikâdî meselelere dair Hâkim el-Cüşemî’nin görüşlerini tespit etmek, Mu‘tezile’nin aynı meselelere ilişkin görüşleri arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları belirlemektir. Bu araştırmada literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılarak Hâkim el-Cüşemî’nin tefsiri başta olmak üzere kelâmî-itikâdî konularda kaleme alınmış kaynaklar incelenmiştir.
Pengaruh Efikasi Diri terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas X IPS pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi di Sekolah SMA PGRI 2 Kota Bekasi
Authors: Miftah Novalia , Karyadi
Published: December 2023

Prestasi belajar yang dicapai siswa memiliki nilai yang penting, karena mencerminkan pencapaian siswa selama berada dalam lingkungan belajar di sekolah. Baik atau tidaknya prestasi belajar dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk diantaranya faktor internal seperti efikasi diri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif asosiatif menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh, yang berarti seluruh populasi sebanyak 40 siswa dijadikan sampel. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di SMA PGRI 2 Kota Bekasi. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner dengan pertanyaan tentang pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode korelasi dan regresi sederhana, serta melibatkan uji parsial (uji t) untuk interpretasi lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat nilai F Hitung sebesar 4,851 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,034, yang lebih rendah dari nilai batas signifikansi 0,05. Selain itu, nilai thitung > ttabel yaitu 2,202 > 2,024, dengan tingkat signifikansi α = 5% atau 0,05. Oleh karena itu, H0 artinya ditolak dan Ha artinya diterima. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa koefisien determinasi (R Square) memiliki nilai sebesar 0,113, yang mengindikasikan bahwa sekitar 11,3% variasi dalam prestasi belajar siswa kelas X IPS pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi di SMA PGRI 2 Kota Bekasi dapat dijelaskan oleh efikasi diri. Dengan demikian, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara efikasi diri dan prestasi belajar siswa.
Evaluation of Side Effects of Anti-Seizure Drugs Among Sudanese Children with Epilepsy in Wad Medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital
Authors: Eltahir Salma Hassan Mohammed , Shani Salma Hassan Mohammed Eltahir , Taj El Deen ImadEldeen Mohammed Taj El Deen , Babikir Haydar El Hadi Babikir , Omer Ibrahim Osman M. Omer
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Background: Treatment of epilepsy with anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) for 2-5 years is important to control epileptic seizures.  Side effects of ASDs are well recognised and affect treatment outcomes if ASDs are severe.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive hospital-based study was conducted on 67 children with epilepsy on follow-up visits at a neurology referral clinic in Wad Medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Central Sudan, from February 2022 to July 2022.  Side effects of ASDs were measured using the Pediatric Epilepsy Side Effects Scale (PESQs).  Data were entered into the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, and descriptive analysis was done to calculate frequencies and percentages and chi-square test for association.  The P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Gender assessment showed that 36 (53.7%) of study patients were male.  43(64.2%) of participants had low severity of side effects, 14(20.9%) had low–moderate severity, and 8(11.9%) had no side effects. Significant associations were found between age and cognitive side effects (P-value .008); epilepsy type and cognitive side effects (P-value .026); seizure frequency and behavioural side effects (P-value .018); Type of ASD and behavioural side effects (P-value .000) and; type of ASD and neurological side effects (P-value .004).
Attitudes of University Students in Afghanistan Toward Cultural Factors of Gender Inequality
Authors: Taqaddausi Mohammad Taqi , Akbary Mohammad Fazel , Behzad Shir Hussain
Published: December 2023

Gender inequality is the product of society and culture that has significant impacts on the status and positions of human, based on their gender. The purpose of this study is to find out the underlying cultural that are responsible for gender inequality in Bamyan society. Data have been collected through the attitude of totally 363 respondents, among 130 female and 233 male university students in Bamyan, Afghanistan. Logistic regression technique through Stata version 14.1, have been used to analyze the likelihood of respondents on cultural factors. Our finding based on socio-demographic information of respondent, shows that male respondents compared to female are 99% more likely believes that cultural factors are behind gender inequality in Bamyan society, Afghanistan and an increase in years of education and age of respondents, decreases the likelihood of attitude that cultural factors are behind gender inequality in Bamyan society, Afghanistan. Also, Respondents who were married compared to unmarried and who were students of natural science and social science faculty compared to education faculty are more likely to believe that the above cultural factors are responsible for gender inequality status in Bamyan. finally, the present study suggests that patriarchal ideology, religious beliefs, gender stereotypes and traditional beliefs respectively are behind the status of gender inequality in Bamyan society, Afghanistan.
The Queerification and Effeminization of Haitian Society
Authors: Mocombe Paul C.
Published: December 2023

This article applies Mocombe’s concepts of queerification and effeminization to Haitian society, contemporarily. For Mocombe, the shift from industrial capitalism to postindustrial capitalism in the West has led to emasculated and feminine patriarchy, the assumption of patriarchal norms by the state, its ideological apparatuses, queers, and women (given the feminization and queerification of the postindustrial – financialized – workplace) from individual men whose masculinity is no longer associated with being producer and provider as it was under industrial capitalism; instead, they have been interpellated and embourgeoised, like their female counterparts, to define their masculinity as sensitive entrepreneurs, consumers, and or service workers for finance capital, i.e., rentier oligarchs. In the Black diaspora, this process has led to the queerification and effeminization of society as global capital under American hegemony queerify and effeminize the diaspora by promoting queers and women into the labor force at the expense of men and young boys who are either gangsterized or trained for the athletic and entertainment industries.
Empowering for the “Belt and Road”: Teaching Applied Chinese as a Foreign Language at Guangdong Nongken University
Authors: He Hong Ying , Kitili Ike M.
Published: December 2023

This article explores the transformative initiatives undertaken by Guangdong Nongken (GK) Rubber, a prominent player in China’s agricultural foreign cooperation, within the framework of the “Belt and Road” initiative. The GK Rubber School has engaged in a multifaceted approach to Chinese language education that not only imparts linguistic skills but also fosters a deep understanding of Chinese culture. The reforms discussed encompass curriculum, teaching objectives, and innovative teaching methods, with an emphasis on promoting sustainable learning. The GK Rubber School’s dynamic integration of online and offline teaching, use of AR and VR technologies, and collaborative learning platform for instructors sets a precedent for excellence in the field of Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) education. This article highlights these innovative approaches that align with the objectives of the “Belt and Road” initiative, building bridges of understanding and cooperation between China and ASEAN countries.
Cross-Cultural Communication in English Interpretation Teaching of Higher Education: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Li Ning
Published: December 2023

As globalization continues to advance, the importance of cross-cultural communication has become increasingly evident in various fields. In the context of college-level English major interpretation teaching, the cross-cultural perspective not only influences the quality of instruction but also plays a pivotal role in nurturing competent interpreters. This article aims to explore the significance of the cross-cultural perspective in college-level English major interpretation education, examine the challenges that arise, and propose corresponding teaching strategies.
Effectiveness of Audio-visual Materials in Teaching Reading for Young EFL Learners in Bangladesh
Authors: Snigdha Shayla Sharmin , Moriom Akter
Published: December 2023

This article presents the effectiveness of audio-visual materials on young learners’ reading skills in an EFL context. It aims to see the result of developing their abilities by using audio-visual materials in the classroom. The study was conducted on 35 students of Tutpara Model Government Primary School in Khulna, a southern district of Bangladesh. It was an experimental study where a pre-test and a post-test were given to experiment with the students who were selected randomly. The students were taught with audio-visual materials for 3 months. The results of the research finds that there is a progress of the students’ reading skills after the use of audio-visual materials. The students were able to read out the text with more confidence, could make development in pronunciation and also could increase their vocabulary knowing unfamiliar words and their meanings. As a by-product, the learners were more enthusiastic in learning being entertained in the multimedia classroom and gave full concentration on particular tasks than in their regular class.
Productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system under integrated nutrient supply systems
Authors: R.K. BAJPAI  , S.K. UPApHYAY  , B.S. JOSH  , R.S. TRIPATHI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy and winter seasons of 1995 96 and 1996 97 to study the influence of integrated nutrient supply system, comprising inorganic fertilizer and organic manures, on the soil fertility status, productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) wheat (Triticum . aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) cropping system. Green manuring with prickly sesban or dhaincha [Sesbania cannabina (Retz) Pers. syn. S. aculeata] to supplement 50% of the recommended nitrogen dose and rest through inorganic fertilizer and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer to wheat crop gave the maximum yield of rice as well as wheat crops. The same treatment also gave the h gnest net returns and benefit : cost ratio, and produced significantly higher bio ass in terms of rice equivalent yield. Among the organic manures, the overall performance of green manure was best followed by farmyard manure and rice straw. The results showed a possibility of saving 50% fertilizer N in rice and 25% in wheat. Application of farmyard manure and rice straw as well as green manuring in rice significantly improved the available N and P status of soil.
Residual effect of farmyard manure, fertilizer and biofertilizer on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: M. PATIDAR  , A.L. MALI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy and winter seasons in 1997 98 and 1998 99, to evaluate the residual effect of integrated nutrient management in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) crop. Two farmyard manure (FYM) levels (0 and 10 tonnes FYMtha), 4 fertility levels (control, 50% 75% and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer) and 4 biofertilizer treatments (control, Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and co inoculation of Azospirillum and PSB) were compared. Applicaticr, of 10 tonnestha FYM and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer up to 75% of recommended level significantly enhanced grain and fodder yields of sorghum. Azospirillum alone and in combination with phosphate solubilizing bacteria increased sorghum yield by 6 7%. Both available P and N status in soil after sorghum harvest were improved with FYM application, while fertility levels and PSB inoculation increased only P status of soil after sorghum harvest over the control. Residual effect of FYM, 75% and 100% recommended level of fertilizer (N and P) significantly enhanced growth, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat by 9 12% but biofertilizers did not show any residual effect on wheat. Available P status in soil after wheat harvest was also significantly influenced by residual effect of FYM and fertility levels.
Effect of stand establishment techniques on yield and economics of lowland irrigated rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: M.N. BLIDHAR  , N. TAMILSELVAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loamy soils at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paiyur, to compare and assess the practical feasibility of different stand establishment techniques in lowland irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) during wet and dry seasons of 1999 and 2000. Four stand establishment techniques, viz. transplanting, throwing of seedlings, direct (wet) seeding by manual broadcasting and wet seeding by drum seeder, were tried in randomized block design with 5 replications. Pooled analysis of data revealed that wet seeding by mal?uel broadcasting (57.22 qlha) and wet seeding by drum seeder (56.57 qlha) has recorded higher yield and it was on a par with the traditional transplanting method (55.76 alha). However, both the direct seeding practices registered the maximum net income of Rs 19,039 and Rs 18,587lha with benefit : cost ratio of 2.33 and 2.29 in manual broadcasting and drum seeder, respectively, besides reducing the 50% flowering duration by 7 days from traditional transplanting method.
Effect of drought on growth, leaf rolling, plant water status and yield of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: RAVINDRA KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Raipur during the dry season of 1999 and 2000 to study the effect of drought at panicle initiation stage on growth, leaf rolling, plant water status and yield of rice. Drought significantly decreased the plant height and leaf area index. Significant varietal variations were observed in terms of capacity to maintain water status, leaf rolling and yield stability under drought. Kranti maintained higher leaf relative water content up to the end of drought spell and was related with yield stability. The studies showed that leaf rolling under drought is governed by leaf water status. The result also indicated that varieties with bigger plant size suffered more due to drought compared to smaller plant size.
Response of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to application of organics and inorganics in eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: N.B. SlNGH  , K.K. VERMA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1994 95,1995 96 and 1996 97 to work out the productive and economic association of organics and inorganics in Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on sandy loam soil of eastern Uttar Pradesh. A marked increase in growth, yield attributes and yield was observed due to application of organics, inorganics alone and their combinations. Farmyard manure 10 tonnes 75% of recommended dose of fertilizer gave the highest n9t return and benefit :cost ratio. Key words : Frenchbean, Organics, lnorganics
Response of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties to phosphorus and farmyard manure application
Authors: PURUSHOTAM KLIMAR  , U.K. PURl
Published: December 2023

Received : March 2001 A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 1996 and 1997 at Salooni, to study the response of 2 varieties of Frenchbean or rajmash (Phaseolus sadiatus L.) to phosphorus and FYM application under rainfed condition. Among the varieties, Jawala recorded the highest nuniber of podslplant, seedslpod, 1,000 seed weight and harvest index, which in turn reflected in higher grain and straw yields. Application of 50 kg P,O, with 10 tonnes of FYMlha resulted in the maximum plant height, podslplant, seedslpod and 1,000 seed weight and thereby higher yields.
Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of Frenchbean haseobs vulgaris L.) grown in eastern Uttar Pradesh under late sown condition N.6. SlNGH , Y VERMA .
Authors: N.B. VERMA  , Y VERMA
Published: December 2023

A 2 year experiment was conducted during 1995 96 and 1.996 97 with 5 nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kglha) and 3 phosphorus levels (0, 30 and 60 kg/ ha) to study their impact on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under late sown condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Higher dose of nitrogen (120 kglha) and phosphorus (60 kglha) resulted in higher yield and was found more profitable.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, oil content and nutrient uptake of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in foothills soils of eastern India
Authors: K.G. MANDAL  , A.C. SINHA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) seasons of 1994 95 to 1996 97 on sandy loam acidic soil, to study the growth, yield, seed oil content and nutrient uptake by lndian mustard [Brassica juncea.(L.) Czernj. Cosson] as influenced by differant integrated nutrient management treatments. The plant height, brancheslplant, siliquaelplant, seedslsiliqua, 1,000 seed weight, seed and oil yields of lndian mustard were improved at 100% recommended dose of N:P:K (80:17.2:33.2) FYM 10 tonneslha compared with 100% NPK alone. It was at par with 100% NPK borax 10 kglha ZnSO, O 20 kglha and 50% NPK FYM 10 tonneslha borax 10 kglha ZnSO, 20 kglha. Seed yield increased by 27,26 and 25% at 100% NPK FYM, 100% NPK borax ZnSO, and 50% NPK FYM borax ZnSO,, respectively, over 100% NPK and 134, 132 and 130% in the corresponding treatments over the control. Significant improvement owing to appropriate combination of NPK, FYM, borax and ZnSO, was observed for uptake of nutrients.
Response of summer irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to sources, levels and management of phosphorus
Authors: G. SRlNlVASAN  , K. VENKATESAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the summer of 1998 and 1999 on satldy clay loam soil to investigate the response of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to sources of phosphorus, levels and their management. Application of rock phosphate was equally effective as single superphosphate in cotton. Among the levels tried, an application of recommended dose of 30 kg P,O, /ha resulted in the highest seed cotton yield of 1,222 kglha. Enrichment of phosphorus with farmyard manure and phospobacterium was found effective in increasing the seed cotton yield over no enrichment.
Growth and yield of irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as influenced by different chemical and non chemical weed management practices
Authors: C. SIVAKUMAR  , P. SLlBBlAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the winter seasons (August to January) of 1998 1999 and 1999 2000, to develop efficient chemical and non chemical weed management practices for MCU 5 irrigated cotton Gossypium hirsutum L.). Pre emergence application of Cinmethylin at 0.6 kglha followed by hand weeding 40 days after sowlng gave excellent control of grasses, sedges and broad leaved weeds, whereas the yield of seed cotton was reduced by initial phytotoxicity to cotton crop. However, Cinmethylin at 0.5 kg/ha hand weeding at 40 days after sowing increased the growth, yield parameters and seed cotton yield of 1,878 and 1,781 kglha. Among the non chemical weed management practices, growing of greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] as smother crop effectively suppressed total weed population and enhanced growth, yield parameters and seed cotton yield.
Response of oat (Avena sativa) to nitrogen and phosphorus levels
Authors: J.R. PATEL  , S. RAJAGOPAL
Published: December 2023

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Influence of nitrogen and planting geometry on seed yield and nitrogen uptake in radish (Raphanus s vus)
Authors: A.s. PANWAR  , H.S. BAWEJA  , A.s. KASHYAP  , H.R. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1996 97 and 1997 98 to study the effect of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kglha) and planting geometry (60 cm x 30 cm, 60 cm x 45 cm and 60 cm x 60 cm) on seed yield and nitrogen uptake in radish (Raphanus safivus L.). The highest seed yield, N content and its uptake were obtained with 150 kg Nlha. Closer plant geometry (60 cm x 30 cm) recorded the highest seed yield, whereas straw yield was highest with 60 cm x 45 cm plant spacing. Nitrogen content was the maximum in widest planting geometry, but its uptake was highest at 60 cm x 45 cm planting geometry.
Differential response of seed rate and method of sowing on seed yield and quality of isabgol (Plantago ovata) in shallow black soil
Authors: S.K. MAHESHWARI  , R.K. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted in shallow black soil of the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh during the winter season of 1995 and 1996, to study the effect of variable seed rates and methods of sowing on the growth, yield and quality of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsskal). The plant height, length of spike and their numbers were not significantly affected by seed rates. A seed rate of 6 kglha was found optimum. Sowing of seed by broadcast method resulted significantly higher number of spikes compared to row sowing however, plant height, length of spike and seed yield were not influenced by methods of seed sowing. Different seed rates and sowing methods did not influence the swelling factor and mucilage percentage of the seeds.
Productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativa) based crop sequences under stored water supply in Kymore plateau of Madhya Pradesh R.K. TIWARI, R.P. PANDEY, K.N. NAMDEO , A.K. PATE
Authors: R.K. TIWARI  , R.P. PANDEY  , K.N. NAMDEO  , A.K. PATEL*
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1993 2000 and 2000 2001 ni a silty clay loam soil, to identify suitable rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping systems with high productivity under stored water supply in Kymore plateau of Madhya Pradesh. Rice, as a base crop, was sequenced with other feasible winter crops, viz. wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) for green pods, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. nom. cons.). Green pods of pea taken after rice with 4 irrigations gave the highest rice equivalent yield (84.99 qlha) and net return (Rs 42,900lha). The second best sequence was tomato after rice (89.63 q/ ha and Rs 38,200lha) followed by potato after rice (67.52 qlha and Rs 28,4701 ha). Wheat after rice gave the lowest rice equivalent yield (46.92 qlha) and net return (Rs 18,9401ha) with 4 irrigations. Irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency were higher in potato and tomato grown after rice. Rice yield up to 28 qlha and net return up to RS 9,OOOlha were common in all the sequences. Rice pea sequence recorded lower land use efficiency and higher production efficiency, while the reverse was true in case of rice wheat sequence.
Standardization of planting distance and nitrogen fertilization for multiplier onion (Allium cepa) in rice (Oryza sativu) onion cropping sequence
Authors: B.K. MOHMTY  , D.K. BASTIA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1996 97 and 1997 98 to standardize spacing and nitrogen levels for multiplier onion (Allium cepa L. var aggregatum) during winter season following rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rainy season and to work out the net return of rice onion cropping sequence. The maximum yield of 85.13 qlha was realized from 10 cm x 10 cm spacing. Application of 150 kg Nlha resulted in significantly higher bulb yield (79.29 qlha) than other levels. The interaction effect of 10 cm x 10 cm spacing with 150 kg Nlha registered the highest bulb yield (86.33 qlha) which was at par with that obtained with 10 cm x 10 cm spacing and 90 as well as 120 kg Nlha. The benefit : cost ratio of the sequence was the highest for 15 cm x 10 cm spacing (0.63) and application of 90, 120 and 150 kg N/ha (0.60 each). Closer spacing of 15 cm x 10 cm with 90 kg N/ha was economical and suggested for multiplier onion after rice crop.
Performance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in sequential cropping systems under irrigated conditions
Authors: B.S. SINSINWAR  , FATEH SlNGH  , O.P. PREMl
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1997 98 and 1998 99 on sandy loam soil at National Research Centre or) Rapeseed Mustard, Sewar, Bharatpur, to study the performance of 5 lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cassonj based cropping systems under irrigated conditions. Pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. emend. Stuntzl Indian mustard cropping system proved significantly superior to all other cropping systems, , giving 20.7 and 25.29 qlha lndian mustard equivalent yield during 1997 98 and as 1998 99, respectively, followed by blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) Indian mustard cropping system (12.7 and 18.74 qlha lndian mustard equivalent yield). Though lndian mustard yield was highest at 160 kg Nlha, it was at par with 80 and 120 kg Nlha. Higher doses of nitrogen reduced the oil content and maximum oil content was recorded in pearl millet Indian mustard cropping system.
Residual effect of weed management and phosphorus applied to Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) on succeeding fodder maize (Zea mays)
Authors: R.P. SHARMA  , P. SlNGH  , M.S. SHAKTAWAT
Published: December 2023

An investigation was carried out during 1998 99 and 1999 2000 at Udaipur, to study the residual effect of weed management and phosphorus treatments applied to previous crop of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Coss on] on fodder maize (Zea mays L.) and weeds in summer season. Fodder yield of maize was significantly increased during 1999 2000 owing to residual effect of different weed management treatments. Similarly, residual effect of phosphorus fertilization significantly increased the value of growth parameters and fodder yield of maize as well as weed dry matter during both the years. The mean increase was 8.30% in fodder yield owing to residual response of phosphorus at 40 kg P,O ha over the control.
Integrated farming system in enhancing the productivity of marginal rice (Oryza sativa) holdings in Goa
Authors: B.L. MANJUNATH  , C.J. ITNAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the ICAR Research complex for Goa, Old Goa, during 1999 2000 and 2000 2001 to assess the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping sequences, viz. rice brinjal (Solanum . melongena L.), rice cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], rice groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) rice sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) andsole rice integrated with poultry and mushroom production. The highest system produc . tivity (21,487 kglhdyear) of rice grain equivalent yield was recorded with rice brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) sys tem integrated with mushroom and poultry, followed by rice cowpea (1 8,027 kghdyear) and rice groundnut system (16,922 kghdyear). The contribution of crops towards the system productivity ranged from 33 to 52% while the share of poultry and mushroom production was 28 to 39% and 20 to 28% respectively.
Nitrogen management for production of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) forage under intercropping system
Authors: J.R. PATEL  , S. RAJAGOPAL
Published: December 2023

n experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 1998 and 1999 on nitrogen management in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] intercropping system. The highest green and dry forage yields were observed in sorghum cowpea intercrop (4.2 row ratio) with 100 kg NI ha, which was on a par with its 75 kg Nlha treatment in respect of green forage yield. The highest benefit : cost ra tio and land equivalent ratio were recorded in sorghum cowpea with 100 kg Nlha in 4:3 row proportion during the first season. However, these values were more with sorghum cowpea with 100 kg Nlha in 4:2 row ratio during the second year.
Physiological growth parameters, forage yield and nitrogen uptake of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as influenced with legume intercropping, harvesting time and nitrogen level
Authors: S.N. RAMi  , BHAGWAN SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 1998 and 1999, to study the effect of in tercrops, harvesting times and levels of nitrogen on growth, yis13 and quality of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under rainfed conditions. lntercropping of sorghum with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] re corded significantly higher leaf area index, leaf: stem ratio, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, forage and crude protein yield and nitrogen uptake of sorghum compared to sorghum alone and its intercrop ping with clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] during both the years. Forage and crude protein yields and nitrogen uptake of sorghum were also significantly increased with harvesting at 75 days after sowing than har vesting at 45 days after sowing, but being statistically at par with harvesting at 60 days after sowing. However, sig nificantly higher leaf : stem ratio was recorded with harvesting at 45 days after sowing than harvesting at 60 and 75 days after sowing. Nitrogen application Q 80 kglha significantly increased the leaf area index, leaf : stem ratio, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, forage and crude protein yield and nitrogen uptake compared to the control and 40 kg Nlha during both the years.
Effect of planting geometry and nitrogen level on growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of scented hybrid rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Y.S. SHIVAY  , S. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season (July October) of 2000 and 2001 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to study the effect oi pianting geometry and nitrogen levels on growth, yield attributes, yield and nitrogen use efficiencies of PRH 10 scented hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). Planting ge ometry did not influence growth, yield attributes, yields and nitrogen use efficiency. However, each unit increase in N level led to significant increase in growth, yield attributing characters, and yield of rice.The maximum grain yield (65.5 qlha) was recorded with highest level of N.The maximum response was observed at 75 kg Nlha and thereaf ter it decreased with the increase in N level.The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), apparent recovery (%), nitrogen ef ficiency ratio (NER) and physiological efficiency index of absorbed nitrogen (PEIN) were significantly higher at lower level of N and decreased significantly with increasing N levels.
Grain yield, water use and water use efficiency of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) hybrids under variable nitrogen application
Authors: MANOJ KUMAR  , HARBIR SINGH  , R.S. HOODA  , ANlL KHIPPAL  , T. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2000 and 2001 on sandy loam soil at Hisar, to study the response of pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz] hybrids to nitrogen lev els. Pearlmillet HHB 94 showed significantly higher grain yield (30.74 qlha), higher seasonal water use (273.5 mm) and water use efficiency (1 1.30 kglha mm) than rest of the hybrids. Application of 120 kg Nlha, being at par with 150 kg Nlha, resulted in higher grain yield, water use and water use efficiency than rest of the nitrogen levels. The economic optimum dose of N for HHB 94 , HHB 67, HHB GO , HHB 117 and HHB 146 was 101.5, 105.8, 91 .I, 82.3 and 142.5 kglha respectively.
Effect of preceding crops and fertility levels on wheat (TPiticumaestivum) in light textured soil
Authors: JAGDEV SINGH  , K.P. SINGH  , S.S.YADAV  , J.S.YADAV
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1994 95 to 1996 97 at Regional Research Sta tion, Bawal, on loamy sand soil. The yield attributes, yield and NP uptake of wheat (Tiitticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori 8 Paol.) were markedly higher after cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert] than pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz]. Application of 5 tonnes farmyard manure (FYM)/ha significantly improved growth, yield attributes, yield and NP uptake compared with the control. Application Q 5 tonnes FYM in combination with 90 kg N 45 kg P,Odha was statistically at par with 120 kg N 60 kg P20 ha in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield and these were significantly superior to lower fertility levels. However, the NP uptake increased significantly up to 120 kg N 60 kg P20 a. The residual effect of 5 tonnes FYMIha along with 90 kg N 45 kg P,O,/ha and 120 kg N 60 kg P20dha applied to wheat was also found significant on the grain and straw yields of the succeeding pearlmillet, clusterbean and cowpea crops compared to no NP application. The clusterbean wheat was more economical than cowpea wheat and pearlmillet wheat crop sequences.
Influence of planting pattern and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on maize (Zea mays) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in intercropping
Authors: ARVIND KUMAR  , S.N. SlNGH  , GAJENDRA GlRl
Published: December 2023

Results of an experiment conducted during the rainy seasons of 1999 and 2000 with maize (Zea mays L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping revealed that planting of component crops in 1 :2 ratio recorded sig nificantly higher yield of groundnut, whereas productivity of maize remained unchanged due to planting pattern. Recommended doses of fertilizers to component crops showed higher yield attributes of component crops. Pro ductivity of maize and groundnut, and N and P uptake by these crops were highest with 100% dose of fertilizers. However, 75 100% of recommended doses applied to component crops remained at par with 100 100% dose in respect of productivity and nutrients uptake by maize and groundnut. This indicated 25% saving of fertilizers (N and P) applied to maize in association of groundnut in intercropping.
Weed dynamics, yield and economics in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) pulses intercropping system under rainfed condition
Authors: M.N. BUDHAR  , N.TAMILSELVAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted in red sandy loam soils during the rainy season 2000 and 2001 at Regional Research Station, Paiyur, to study weed dynamics, yield and economics in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] pulses intercropping system under rainfed condition. The treatments consisted of recommended practice of sorghum (pure crop) with atrazine 0.25 kg a.i./ha and sorghum intercropped with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.), and greengram (F radiatus L.) without and with pre emergence her bicide metolachlor 1.0 kg a.i./ha. Application of atrazine 0.25 kg a.i./ha in pure crop of sorghum and metolachlor 1.0 kg a.i./ha in intercropping system controlled the weeds effectively compared to no herbicide application. Ap plication of metolachlor increased the mean sorghum grain yield by 54, 48 and 47% and pulses grain yield by 4 , 38 and 27% in sorghum cowpea, sorgtium blackgram and sorghum greengram intercropping, respectively, com pared to no herbicide application. The higher net income (Rs 10,759) and benefit : cost ratio (3.1 6) were recorded in sorghum greengram with metolachlor application than other intercropping system.
Production potential of sunflower (Hehnthus annuus) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in intercropping system under different planting patterns, harvest schedules and genotypes of groundnut ,
Authors: SUMlT CHAKRAVARTY  , K.K. DHINGRA  , MANINDERPAL SlNGH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during spring season of 1999 and 2000 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to study the effect of intercropping groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) between the rows of sunflower (Helianfhus annuus L.) on their productivity. Both sunflower and groundnut sown as sole crops and as intercrop in 1 1, 1 2 and 1 3 row patterns maintaining uniform plant population of sunflower in all the treatments. Sunflower and groundnut in intercrop system formed an economically viable combination if groundnut was allowed to con tinue up to mid September after harvest of sunflower in June. It showed 64 to 85% higher productivity, depending on groundnut genotype than sole crop of sunflower and groundnut. The combined productivity of both the crops ranged from 35.7 to 42.9 qlha when groundnut was harvested in September as compared to 23.9 28.9 qlha when groundnut was harvested in June. Different planting patterns (i.e. 1 1, 1 2 and 1 3) did not significantly in fluence the total productivity of the intercrop system and were equally productive when groundnut was harvested in September. The M 522 genotype gave higher pod yield than SG 84 . The land equivalent ratio of 1.81 1.89 also indicated the comparative high yield advantage of this intercrop system. Significantly higher sunflower equivalent yield and gross income of the system over sole sunflower further established the economic advantage of this system.
Effect of tillage practices, organics and nitrogen levels on growth components, dry matter accumulation and physiological parameters in foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
Authors: R. BASAVARAJAPPA  , .S. PRABHAKAR  , S.I. HALlKATTl
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1997 98 and 1998 99 at Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, to know the effect of tillage practices, organics and nitrogen levels on growth components, and dry matter accumulation and yield in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) during the rainy season. Among tillage practices, medium tillage and ridging recorded significantly higher height (92.26 cm) at harvest, absolute growth rate (AGR), total dry matter accumulation (8.783 glha) and grain yield (1,307 kglha), followed by medium tillage with flat bed sowing. Among organics, enriched FYM Azospirillum re corded higher plant height (86.35 cm), total dry matter accumulation and grain yield (1,395 kglha). Application of 60 kg Nlha recorded significantly higher plant height (91.36 cm), AGR (0.241 glplantlday), total dry matter produc tion (9.228 glplant ) and grain yield (1,407 kglha), followed by 30 kg Nlha and 0 kg Nlha.