bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Holy Spirit in the Theological Work of Michael Servetus
Authors: Schulte am Hülse Christine
Published: July 2021

This article examines the pneumatology in the theological works of the “heretic” Michael Servetus, which so far has received limited attention in research. This is worthwhile, since Servetus developed two answers to the question of what the Holy Spirit is: on the one hand, a movement of God in the human spirit understood as a divine accident of God; or, on the other, even the divine substance itself, which is physiologically incorporated by humans. The occasion and the focus of this article are therefore the perception and the discussion of these two pneumatological approaches and their most significant differences. Both approaches are outlined in their main features and explained in their respective contexts. Nevertheless, these separate analyses will also be related to each other in a comparative fashion, so that a fundamental moment of Servetus’ entire pneumatology can be identified: the constitution and mediation of unity between God and creation.
To Network or Not to Network
Authors: Smith Nigel
Published: July 2021

This article contrasts hostility toward visual and literary art in English radical Puritanism before the late seventeenth century with the central role of art for Dutch Mennonites, many involved in the commercial prosperity of Amsterdam. Both 1620s Mennonites and 1650s–1660s Quakers debated the relationship between literal truth of the Bible and claims for the power of a personally felt Holy Spirit. This was the intra-Mennonite “Two-Word Dispute,” and for Quakers an opportunity to attack Puritans who argued that the Bible was literally the Word of God, not the “light within.” Mennonites like Jan Theunisz and Quakers like Samuel Fisher made extensive use of learning, festive subversion and poetry. Texts from the earlier dispute were republished in order to traduce the Quakers when they came to Amsterdam in the 1650s and discovered openness to conversation but not conversion.
Adam Pastor (ca. 1500–ca. 1565)
Authors: Brok Theo
Published: July 2021

Adam Pastor was an itinerant Anabaptist bishop in the Lower Rhine region. Ordained by Menno Simons around 1542, he is best known for the division that unfolded between Dirk Philips and Menno Simons, which led to the first schism in Mennonitism. Although sixteenth-century contemporaries described him as an important bishop alongside Menno, Mennonite historiography since then has largely ignored him. Pastor’s theological views are known primarily from his Onderscheytboeck [Book of Distinctions] of ca. 1554. The recent discovery of an earlier and hitherto unknown version of this writing, however, demonstrates a more gradual development of Adam Pastor’s “spiritualism.” In 1547 Pastor opposed Menno’s Melchiorite doctrine of the incarnation. Several years later, he arrived at the inevitable conclusion and denied—at least implicitly—the Trinity. The result was his break with Menno and Dirk and a subsequent division between the bishops from the Northern Netherlands and those of the Lower Rhine.
The Contours of the Non-Lutheran Reformation in Germany, 1522–1546
Authors: Stayer James M.
Published: July 2021

Among the common ways of portraying Reformation divides are the following categories: Magisterial vs Radical Reformations; or a “church type” vs a “sect type” of reform. This essay offers an alternative view. It underscores the differences between Lutherans and Anglicans on one side; and the Reformed, Anabaptists, and Schwenckfelders on the other. The Lutherans, like the Anglicans under Henry VIII, worshipped in altar-centered churches which were Roman Catholic in appearance. They presented themselves as reformers of Catholic errors of the late Middle Ages. By contrast, when the Reformed, Anabaptists, and Schwenckfelders met for worship, it was in unadorned Bible-centered meeting houses. The Anabaptists were targeted for martyrdom by the decree of the Holy Roman Empire of 1529 against Wiedertäufer (“rebaptists”). Contrary to the later memory that they practiced a theology of martyrdom, the preference of apprehended Anabaptists was to recant.
Art and Heterodoxy in the Dutch Enlightenment
Authors: Schroeder Nina
Published: July 2021

This paper considers the artist Arnold Houbraken (1660–1719) as an unconventional Christian and sheds new light on his representation of artists from religious minority groups in his Great Theatre of Netherlandish Painters and Painteresses (1718–1721). By exploring Houbraken’s years within the Flemish Mennonite milieu in Dordrecht (1660–ca. 1685) and investigating his representation of religious difference in his biographies within The Great Theatre, this study extends scholarship on Houbraken beyond the current focus on his later years as a writer in Amsterdam, and it offers findings on the experience and reception history of nonconformists and religious minority group members, like the spiritualist David Joris and the Mennonite martyr Jan Woutersz van Cuyck (among others), within the Dutch art world. The paper also addresses the historiographical disconnect between literature in the disciplines of art history, intellectual history, and history of religion that persisted until very recently regarding Houbraken’s status as a heterodox Enlightenment thinker.
Religious Tolerance and Freedom of Prophesying
Authors: Quatrini Francesco
Published: July 2021

This essay focuses on the presence of Polish Brethren (usually known as Socinians) exiles in Amsterdam in the mid-seventeenth century, examining the social and intellectual interrelations between them and other Dutch religious minorities. It describes the phenomenon of the Brethren’s emigration to the United Provinces, roughly between 1638 (when the Socinians were banished from Raków) and the late 1660s, relying on both published and manuscript sources. It particularly emphasizes the social relations that the Brethren established with the Remonstrants, the Mennonites, and the Collegiants. It then focuses on the last group and argues that shared views on religious tolerance were the common intellectual ground that likely contributed to the friendly relationships between the Brethren and the Collegiants. It also argues that these relationships fostered further intellectual crossovers between the two groups, as the Brethren in Amsterdam were influenced by the Collegiants’ emphasis on freedom of prophesying, egalitarianism, and anti-confessionalism.
Inflating the Prestige of Demons
Authors: de Waardt Hans
Published: July 2021

In the sixteenth century, witchcraft was generally thought to be a grave danger. Specific people, a majority of them women, were believed to threaten the world as servants of the Devil. In his De praestigiis daemonum, published in 1563, the Dutch / German physician Johan Wier argued that human beings were unable to perform witchcraft and that the women who were accused were innocent but often deluded by demons into believing that they were guilty. In his plea for tolerance Wier was inspired by his brother Matthias and the spiritualist prophet David Joris. In order to convince his readers he used their prejudices, that he himself rejected, about the power of demons and the intellectual capacities of women.
Measuring the Impact of Visual Multimedia on Awareness, Alertness and Behavioural Intention Towards Kidnapping Prevention Measures Among Young Secondary School Students in Nigeria
Authors: Obodo Eva , Odoh George C , Udeh Kenneth , Odoh Nneka S , Celestine Gever Verlumun , Onuora Chijioke
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of visual multimedia in promoting security awareness, alertness and behavioural intention towards kidnapping prevention measures among secondary school students. A quasi-experimental design was used for the study and the sample was made up of 470 secondary school students. It was found that respondents in the visual multimedia group did not significantly differ from their counterparts in the non-visual multimedia group on security awareness but they significantly differed on security alertness and behaviour intention towards kidnapping prevention measures. The implication is that visual multimedia has been highlighted.
Affordances and Constraints of Intelligent Personal Assistants for Second-Language Learning
Authors: Dizon Gilbert
Published: July 2021

This paper provides a research synthesis of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) – that is, cloud-based virtual assistants such as Alexa, Google Assistant, and Siri – for second language (L2) learning. The article also offers a theoretical justification for the use of IPAs in language learning and outlines the affordances and constraints of the technology. Finally, the article proposes directions for future research on the topic of IPAs based on the aforementioned review of L2 literature. While research indicates that IPAs increase opportunities for meaningful communication in the target language, enhance speaking ability, and provide indirect pronunciation feedback, they also present some challenges for L2 learners – namely, IPAs struggle to reliably understand L2 speech, which may limit the usability of virtual assistants among heavily accented learners.
Promoting Diversity but Striving for Excellence: Opening the ‘Black Box’ of Academic Hiring
Authors: Orupabo Julia , Mangset Marte
Published: July 2021

Scholars have described how neutral routines and ‘objective’ criteria in recruitment may result in an institutional preference for certain types of candidates. This article advances the literature on recruitment by conducting an in-depth study of how the criteria for assessing quality are applied in practice in the recruitment process. Through an in-depth study of 48 recruitment cases for permanent academic positions in Norway and 52 qualitative interviews with the recruiters involved, we stress the need to grasp how evaluation is embedded in the organisational process of recruitment. By constructing an ideal type of recruitment process comprising five different steps, we show that despite evaluators including diversity concerns in their search for talent during the first stages of the recruitment process, they end up deploying narrow criteria that tend to favour men in the crucial steps of the recruitment process, in which hiring outcomes are determined.
Asymmetric housing information diffusions in China: An investor perspective
Authors: Chiang Shu-hen , Hui Eddie C.M. , Chen Chien-Fu
Published: July 2021

Over the past few decades, numerous attempts have been made to examine ripple effects using housing prices. What seems to be lacking, however, is a return to investor behaviour in terms of how it inspires inter-city spillovers. We thus propose the price-to-rent (P/R) ratio as a quantitative anchor in regard to how investor sentiment affects future housing values. By utilising a time-varying spillover approach based on monthly housing prices and rents across first-tier cities in China, it becomes clear that the characteristics of investment-driven diffusions are short-lived and more sensitive to economic policy changes in 2014 (the new normal initiative) and 2018 (strict housing control measures). Finally, in addition to good and bad perspectives, there is asymmetric evidence to show that negative outlooks such as a great fear of loss generally play a dominant role in the information transmission process, while a strong repercussion of good news in 2019 has subsequently been dampened by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Global commons law: norms to safeguard the planet and humanity’s heritage
Authors: Garcia Denise
Published: July 2021

The Global Commons – the high seas and the seabed, Antarctica, the atmosphere (including the ozone layer and the climate system), and outer space – have a distinctive status in international relations because these domains play a vital role in ensuring humankind’s survival, the subsistence of the planet, and the intergenerational custodianship of the human heritage. I call global commons law an ‘uncommon’ realm within international law that is composed of principles and practices that dovetail with treaties aimed at protecting humankind. These laws have an atypical purpose and are characterized by a commonality of interests based on the view that safeguarding these domains is in the interests of developing and developed countries alike, with scientists, activists, and international institutions jointly having a convening power to maintain peace. To elaborate on the impact and implications of the global commons law, I explain three of its functions: guardianship of future generations; creation of a comity for peace and peaceful settlement of disputes; and setting norms as the foundation for peaceful relations. These norms in turn have four key objectives: they provide common ground for peace and cooperation; ensure equity between rich and poor countries; create a forum for equitable burden-sharing; and prevent future harm. The Global Commons face threats – melting ice caps, greenhouse gases, and overfishing – that imperil the survival of humanity. This is then the moment to update and strengthen the mechanisms of global commons law.
Victory through defence: Employers’ policy preferences and success in the industrial democracy reform process in Finland, 1960s–1970s
Authors: Wuokko Maiju , Fellman Susanna , Kärrylä Ilkka
Published: July 2021

This article analyses the Finnish employers’ policy preferences, strategies and success in the industrial democracy (ID) reform process of the 1960s–1970s. The article establishes the employers’ hierarchy of preferences, evaluates how successful they were in realising their objectives, and discusses the strategic choices and contextual factors behind their successes and losses. The article engages with scholarly discussions about interest groups’ policy preferences and success and emphasises the multifaceted nature and the temporal dimension of success. A sufficiently long timeframe is often necessary in order to assess the eventual winners and losers of a policy process, as well as the degrees of success attained by actors.
Polysubstance Use, Mood Disorders, and Chronic Conditions With Anxiety in Opioid Patients
Authors: Liu Sophia , Nwabueze Christian , Pan Yue , Walter Suzy Mascaro , Su Brenda , Xu Chun , Winstanley Erin L. , Wang Kesheng
Published: July 2021

This study examined the associations of polysubstance use, mood disorders, and chronic conditions with the history of anxiety disorder among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). We performed a secondary analysis of the baseline data from a clinical trial including 1,645 individuals with OUD, of which 513 had anxiety disorder. Substance use disorders (SUDs) included alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, and sedative use disorders. Mood disorders included major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Chronic conditions were allergies, gastrointestinal problem(s), skin problem(s), and hypertension. Sedative use disorder, MDD, BD, skin problems, and hypertension were significantly associated with anxiety disorder ( p < 0.05). Additionally, more than two SUDs, two mood disorders, and more than two chronic conditions were significantly associated with anxiety disorder ( p < 0.05). These findings highlight the comorbid mental health and physical health problems in individuals with OUD, as well as the need for integrated multidisciplinary treatment plans.
Habit and Routine Interventions with Emerging Adults with Diabetes: An Integrative Review
Authors: Hanna Kathleen M. , Hansen Jed R. , Harp Kim A. , Betts Kelly J. , Hudson Diane Brage , Campbell-Grossman Christie , Hanish Alyson
Published: July 2021

Although theoretical and empirical writings on habits and routines are a promising body of science to guide interventions, little is known about such interventions among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Thus, an integrative review was conducted to describe interventions in relation to habits and routines, their influence on outcomes, and users’ perspectives. A medical librarian conducted a search. Teams screened titles, abstracts, and articles based upon predefined criteria. Evidence from the final 11 articles was synthesized. A minority of investigators explicitly articulated habits and routines theoretical underpinnings as part of the interventions. However, text messaging or feedback via technology used in other interventions could be implicitly linked to habits and routines. For the most part, these interventions positively influenced diabetes self-management-related behaviors and health outcomes. In general, the interventions were perceived positively by users. Future research is advocated using habit and routine theoretical underpinnings to guide interventions.
Effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain in amputees: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Fengyi , Zhang Rengang , Zhang Jiaqi , Li Dinggen , Wang Yu , Yang Yong-Hong , Wei Quan
Published: July 2021

Objective:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain in amputees.

Data sources:

Nine electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PreQuest, PEDro) were searched from their inception to May 10th, 2021.

Methods:

Two authors independently selected relevant studies and extracted the data. The effect sizes were calculated under a random-effects model meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. The risk of bias was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the methodological quality was appraised by the PEDro scale. The GRADE approach was applied to assess the confidence of the effect.

Results:

A total of 11 RCTs involving 491 participants were included in this review and nine RCTs involving 372 participants were included in meta-analysis. The quality of these studies was from poor to good with scores ranging from 2 to 8 points according to PEDro scale. The pooled SMD showed that mirror therapy reduced the pain with a large effect size (−0.81; 95% CI = −1.36 to −0.25; P = 0.005; I2 = 82%; n = 372) compared with other methods (four covered mirror, one phantom exercise, three mental visualization, one sensorimotor exercise, one transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, one tactile stimuli). The quality of evidence for the outcome pain intensity was determined to be fair according to GRADE approach.

Conclusion:

There is fair-quality evidence that MT is beneficial for reducing phantom limb pain.
Professionals’, patients’ and families’ views on the use of opioids for chronic breathlessness: A systematic review using the framework method and pillar process
Authors: Reedy Florence , Pearson Mark , Greenley Sarah , Clark Joseph , Currow David C , Bajwah Sabrina , Fallon Marie , Johnson Miriam J
Published: July 2021

Background:

In combination with non-pharmacological interventions, opioids may safely reduce chronic breathlessness in patients with severe illness. However, implementation in clinical practice varies.

Aim:

To synthesise the published literature regarding health professionals’, patients’ and families’ views on the use of opioids for chronic breathlessness, identifying issues which influence implementation in clinical practice.

Design:

Systematic review and synthesis using the five-stage framework synthesis method.

Data sources:

Three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase via OVID, ASSIA via Proquest) were searched (March 2020) using a predefined search strategy. Studies were also citation chained from key papers. Papers were screened against a priori eligibility criteria. Data were extracted from included studies using the framework synthesis method. Qualitative and quantitative data were synthesised using the pillar process. Included studies were critically appraised using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results:

After de-duplication, 843 papers were identified. Following screening, 22 studies were included. Five themes were developed: (i) clinician/patient characteristics, (ii) education/knowledge/experience, (iii) relationship between clinician/family, (iv) clinician/patient fear of opioids and (v) regulatory issues.

Conclusions:

There are significant barriers and enablers to the use of opioids for the symptomatic reduction of chronic breathlessness based on the knowledge, views and attitudes of clinicians, patients and families. Clinicians’ interactions with patients and their families strongly influences adherence with opioid treatment regimens for chronic breathlessness. Clinicians’, patients’ and families’ knowledge about the delicate balance between benefits and risks is generally poor. Education for all, but particularly clinicians, is likely to be a necessary (but insufficient) factor for improving implementation in practice.
Predicting Pavement Roughness Using Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Zhou Qingwen , Okte Egemen , Al-Qadi Imad L.
Published: July 2021

Transportation agencies should measure pavement performance to appropriately strategize road preservation, maintenance, and rehabilitation activities. The international roughness index (IRI), which is a means to quantify pavement roughness, is a primary performance indicator. Many attempts have been made to correlate pavement roughness to other pavement performance parameters. Most existing correlations, however, are based on traditional statistical regression, which requires a hypothesis for the data. In this study, a novel approach was developed to predict asphalt concrete (AC) pavement IRI, utilizing datasets extracted from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database. IRI prediction is categorized by two models: (i) IRI progression over the pavement’s service life without maintenance/rehabilitation and (ii) the drop in IRI after maintenance. The first model utilizes the recurrent neural network algorithm, which deals with time-series data. Therefore, historical traffic data, environmental information, and distress (rutting, fatigue cracking, and transverse cracking) measurements were extracted from the LTPP database. A long short-term memory network was used to solve the vanishing gradient problem. Finally, an optimal model was achieved by setting the sequence length to 2 years. The second model utilizes an artificial neural network algorithm to correlate the impacting factors to the IRI value after maintenance. The impacting factors include maintenance activities; initial (new construction), milled, and overlaid AC thicknesses; as well as IRI value before maintenance activities. Combining the two models allows for the prediction of IRI values over AC pavement’s service life.
Radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder in a patient with a preexisting three-components inflatable penile prosthesis
Authors: Rebez Giacomo , Runti Ottavia , Rizzo Michele , Trombetta Carlo , Liguori Giovanni
Published: July 2021

Introduction and objectives:

As erectile dysfunction is more commonly being diagnosed and treated with a preexisting inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) insertion at younger ages, surgeons will increasingly encounter pre-placed abdominal reservoirs when performing pelvic surgery.

Materials and methods:

A 69-year-old Caucasian man with BCG refractory carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) and past history of non-invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was a candidate for a radical cystectomy and an ileal-neobladder diversion. He had a three-components IPP inserted for the treatment of Peyronie disease and organic erectile dysfunction (ED). During the radical cystectomy the reservoir was encapsulated on the left lateral pelvic wall over the external iliac vessels. It was isolated and IPP was inflated to reduce the reservoir size. After accurate disinfection, the reservoir was removed from Retzius space without disconnecting it from the pump. Then, the radical cystectomy was carried out without any intraoperative complications and Studer ileal orthotopic neobladder was performed. At the end of the surgery, the reservoir was disinfected with the Mulcahy protocol and then placed in the same position.

Results:

A week after catheter removal the IPP was successfully activated. The patient’s postoperative recovery was uneventful and no postoperative complication occurred. Definitive histological examination described a multifocal urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: pG3Tis N0 R0. The patient reports excellent functionality of the penile prosthesis and is currently using it.

Conclusions:

Sexual functionality preservation in oncologic patients should be pursued when possible. In this report, the functionality of the IPP was preserved, while still performing oncologically radical procedures. A multicenter study is needed to assure more solid recommendations on this rare procedure that is surely burdened by a lot of risks.
Current Research Informing the Conceptualization, Identification, and Treatment of Dyslexia Across Orthographies: An Introduction to the Special Series
Authors: Hall Colby , Vaughn Sharon
Published: July 2021

This introduction to the special series summarizes evidence for the genetic and brain bases for dyslexia and cognitive–behavioral indicators (including ones that can be measured even before the onset of reading instruction) that attest to meaningful differences between children with dyslexia and their non-dyslexic peers. Authors review controversies that have surrounded approaches to dyslexia identification and treatment during the last few decades. Finally, they introduce the findings of the articles in the special series and discuss potential implications for dyslexia identification and treatment.
Elementary Classroom Vocabulary Experiences
Authors: Wanzek Jeanne , Wood Carla , Schatschneider Christopher
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to examine language at the teacher/classroom level among second-grade classrooms that differ in socioeconomic backgrounds. Measures of teachers’ vocabulary input across the school day throughout the school year were examined. There was a significant difference in the proportion of academic word use between classes that differed in the percentage of students on free or reduced-price lunch. Teachers in classes of students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds used more academic words. Class vocabulary level significantly predicted the proportion of academic word use and the proportion of grade-level vocabulary use. Once class vocabulary level was accounted for, the percentage of students on free or reduced-price lunch was no longer predictive. However, some classes of students may be at a disadvantage in their exposure to academic and grade-level vocabulary words given that school is the most likely place for many students to be exposed to these curriculum words.
The Economic Impact of Small Colleges on Local Economies: A Guide to Attainable Data and Best Practices
Authors: Khalaf Christelle , Jolley G. Jason , Clouse Candi
Published: July 2021

This article outlines a practical standard of university economic impact analyses for small colleges. The needs of small colleges greatly differ from those of large universities, as they are typically dependent on in-house resources to conduct economic impact analyses. These financial limitations create a need for suitable, publicly available data that can substitute for primary, costly data collection, as well as guidelines on best practices for researchers or practitioners who may not be experts in input–output methodology. The article reviews the foundations of economic impact analysis and then discusses fundamental modeling decisions. The suggested practices are illustrated using two small colleges in Ohio as case studies.
Segregate, Discriminate, Signal: A Model for Understanding Policy Drivers of Educational Inequality
Authors: Mizrav Etai
Published: July 2021

Decades after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling banned mandatory race-based separation of students to different schools, school segregation, and inequality in the United States are rapidly increasing. In this research synthesis, I propose a model for explaining how segregation and inequality are formed in urban and suburban school systems and exacerbated even in the absence of formal segregation policy. The model describes segregation as a component in a triangle of discriminatory education policy processes: segregation, discrimination, and signaling. Connecting these three seemingly distinct policy practices could provide a better explanation for the growing inequality in the U.S. school system.
School Counselors’ Perceptions and Understandings of Lockdown Drills: Navigating the Paradox of Safety and Fear
Authors: Eckhoff Angela , Goodman-Scott Emily
Published: July 2021

This research sought to develop an initial understanding of how mandated policies related to lockdown safety drills are enacted in response to active shooter scenarios within PK-Grade 12 public schools. In light of a scant research base exploring the effectiveness and impacts of such policies and procedures, we explored the question, What are school counselors’ lived experiences with lockdown drills?. Using a phenomenological design, we interviewed 26 school counselors from five school districts from the Southeastern United States during the 2019 academic year. Findings center around four key themes: Awareness of School Violence, Necessity and Variability in Preparation, Paradox of Safety, and Communication as Support and Challenge. We will discuss the tensions, or push and pulls/contradictions, that are a part of both drills and actual incidents across these themes. To conclude, we present recommendations for further research and policy to support informed, reflexive action.
Can Neighborhood Social Infrastructure Modify Cognitive Function? A Mixed-Methods Study of Urban-Dwelling Aging Americans
Authors: Finlay Jessica , Esposito Michael , Li Mao , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Khan Anam M. , Gomez-Lopez Iris , Melendez Robert , Colabianchi Natalie , Judd Suzanne , Clarke Philippa J.
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Socialization predicts cognitive aging outcomes. Neighborhoods may facilitate socially engaged aging and thus shape cognition. We investigated places where older adults socialized and whether availability of these sites was associated with cognitive outcomes. Methods: Qualitative analysis of interviews and ethnography with 125 older adults (mean age 71 years) in Minneapolis identified where participants socialized outside of home. This informed quantitative analysis of a national sample of 21,151 older Americans (mean age at baseline 67 years) from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study. Multilevel generalized additive models described associations between access to key social places and cognitive function and decline. Results: Qualitative analysis identified eateries, senior centers, and civic groups as key places to socialize. We identified significant positive associations between kernel density of senior centers, civic/social organizations, and cognitive function. Discussion: Specific neighborhood social infrastructures may support cognitive health among older adults aging in place.
Emissions life cycle assessment of diesel, hybrid and electric buses
Authors: Zhao Enoch , Walker Paul D , Surawski Nic C
Published: July 2021

This paper applies a case study approach for Australia and calculates the equipment life cycle assessment of diesel, hybrid and electric buses. This study prepared the assessment according to the procedures and methodologies outlined in the ISO 14040:2006 Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment. The authors have chosen three bus models currently in service in the Australian bus fleet to serve as a baseline model for comparison. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions were calculated from the production, assembly, transportation, maintenance and disposal phases. The results in this study show that the electric bus has a higher total environmental impact than the diesel and hybrid bus, mainly due to the manufacturing of the lithium-ion battery. The results also show that the electric bus has a higher environmental impact than the diesel and hybrid bus (18.2% and 14.7% higher, respectively), albeit specific to the product life cycle and without including operation emissions. However, there are many opportunities to reduce product life cycle emissions, such as improvement in manufacturing efficiency, developing new battery technology and production in regions with low carbon-intense grid-mixes.
Augmented reality technology in image-guided therapy: State-of-the-art review
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Poyhonen Jasmin , Chen Cai Xin , Sophie Woodley Hooper Frances , Ma Yangmyung , Hu Yihua , Ren Hongliang , Song Wenzhan , Tsz Ho Tse Zion
Published: July 2021

Image-guided therapies have been on the rise in recent years as they can achieve higher accuracy and are less invasive than traditional methods. By combining augmented reality technology with image-guided therapy, more organs, and tissues can be observed by surgeons to improve surgical accuracy. In this review, 233 publications (dated from 2015 to 2020) on the design and application of augmented reality-based systems for image-guided therapy, including both research prototypes and commercial products, were considered for review. Based on their functions and applications. Sixteen studies were selected. The engineering specifications and applications were analyzed and summarized for each study. Finally, future directions and existing challenges in the field were summarized and discussed.
A review of history of CAD/CAM system application in the production of transtibial prosthetic socket in developing countries (from 1980 to 2019)
Authors: Afiqah Hamzah Nur , Razak Nasrul Anuar Abd , Sayuti Ab Karim Mohd , Gholizadeh Hossein
Published: July 2021

The development of the CAD/CAM (Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) system has globally changed the fabrication and delivery of prosthetics and orthotics. Furthermore, since the introduction of CAD/CAM in the 1980s, many successful CAD/CAM system are available in the market today. However, less than 20% of amputees have access to digital fabrication technology and large portion of the amputees are from the developing countries. This review designed to examine selected studies from 1980 to 2019 on CAD/CAM systems in the production of transtibial prosthetic sockets. A review was conducted based on articles gathered from Web of Science, Pubmed and Science Direct. From the findings, 92 articles found related to CAD/CAM-derived transtibial prosthetic socket (TPS). After a further screening of the articles, 20 studies were chosen and only one study was done in a developing country. The results showed an increase interest in CAD/CAM application in Transtibial prosthetic socket (TPS) production for both developed and developing countries, yet the technology has not fully utilised in the developing countries. Factors such as resources, accessibility, knowledge-gap and lack of experienced prosthetists remain the major causes of the lack of CAD/CAM system studies. Large-scale trials are required to employ digital fabrication in the developing regions, consequently advancing the production of high-quality CAD-CAM-derived TPS where most prosthetic and orthotics are needed.
Electroacupuncture alleviates the transition from acute to chronic pain through the p38 MAPK/TNF-α signalling pathway in the spinal dorsal horn
Authors: Jin Ying , Zhou Jie , Xu Fangfang , Ren Zeqin , Hu Jun , Zhang Cong , Ge Kaiwen , Liu Lanying
Published: July 2021

Background:

Hyperalgesic priming (HP) is a model of the transition from acute to chronic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) could inhibit pain development through the peripheral dorsal root ganglia; however, it is unclear whether it can mitigate the transition from acute to chronic pain by attenuating protein expression in the p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) pathway in the spinal dorsal horn.

Aims:

We aimed to determine whether EA could prevent the transition from acute to chronic pain by affecting the p38 MAPK/TNF-α pathway in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model established using HP.

Methods:

We first randomly subdivided 30 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats into 5 groups ( n = 6 per group): control (N), sham HP (Sham-HP), HP, HP + SB203580p38 MAPK (HP+SB203580), and HP + Lenalidomide (CC-5013) (HP+Lenalidomide). We then randomly subdivided a further 30 male SD rats into 5 groups ( n = 6 per group): Sham-HP, HP, sham EA (Sham EA), EA (EA), and EA + U-46619 p38 MAPK agonist (EA+U-46619). We assessed the effects of EA on the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and p38 MAPK/TNF-α expression in the spinal dorsal horn of rats subjected to chronic inflammatory pain.

Results:

Rats in the EA group had reduced p38 MAPK and TNF-α expression and had significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia compared with rats in the other groups.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that EA could increase the mechanical pain threshold in rats and inhibit the transition from acute pain to chronic pain. This mechanism could involve reduced p38 MAPK/TNF-α expression in the spinal dorsal horn.
Comparison of fibre‐optic‐guided endotracheal intubation through a supraglottic airway device versus hyperangulated video laryngoscopy by emergency physicians: A randomised controlled study in cadavers
Authors: Groombridge Christopher J , Maini Amit , Mathew Joseph , Fritz Peter , Kim Yesul , Fitzgerald Mark , Smit De Villiers , O'Reilly Gerard
Published: July 2021

Background:

After failed endotracheal intubation, using direct laryngoscopy, rescued using a supraglottic airway device, the choice of subsequent method to secure a definitive airway is not clearly determined.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare the time to intubation using a fibre‐optic airway scope, to guide an endotracheal tube through the supraglottic airway device, with a more conventional approach using a hyperangulated video laryngoscope.

Methods:

A single‐centre randomised controlled trial was undertaken. The population studied were emergency physicians working in an adult major trauma centre. The intervention was intubation through a supraglottic airway device guided by a fibre‐optic airway scope. The comparison was intubation using a hyperangulated video laryngoscope. The primary outcome was time to intubation. The trial was registered with ANZCTR.org.au (ACTRN12621000018819).

Results:

Four emergency physicians completed intubations using both of the two airway devices on four cadavers for a total of 32 experiments. The mean time to intubation was 14.0 s (95% confidence interval = 11.1–16.8) in the hyperangulated video laryngoscope group compared with 29.2 s (95% confidence interval = 20.7–37.7) in the fibre‐optic airway scope group; a difference of 15.2 s (95% confidence interval = 8.7–21.7, p < 0.001). All intubations were completed within 2 min, and there were no equipment failures or evidence of airway trauma.

Conclusion:

Successful intubation of the trachea without airway trauma by emergency physicians in cadavers is achievable by either fibre‐optic airway scope via a supraglottic airway device or hyperangulated video laryngoscope. Hyperangulated video laryngoscope was statistically but arguably not clinically significantly faster than fibre‐optic airway scope via supraglottic airway device.
RT-rtPCR quantification of circulating microRNAs in plasma and serum samples from healthy domestic cats
Authors: Scalon Marcela C. , Martins Christine S. , Ferreira Gabriel G. , Schlemmer Franciele , Titze-de-Almeida Ricardo , Paludo Giane R.
Published: July 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level by silencing targeted messenger RNA (mRNA). Most studies concerning miRNA expression use solid tissue samples. However, circulating miRNAs from different body fluids have recently emerged as diagnostic and prognostic molecules, given that they hold informative value and have increased stability in cell-free form. Blood sampling of cats can be challenging given their small body size and because they often experience distress when handled. We quantified miR-20a, -192, -365, -15b-5p, and -16-5p from plasma and serum samples of 10 healthy domestic cats. Our RT-rtPCR procedure used 100 µL of either plasma or serum samples as sources of biomarker molecules. However, serum provided higher amounts of miRNA than plasma samples, with a p < 0.0001 for miR-20a and p < 0.0002 for miR-16-5p.
Blood-to-saliva glucose time lag in sedated healthy dogs
Authors: Ioannou Antonia , Phillips Heidi , Keating Stephanie , Barger Anne , Lopez-Villalobos Nicolas , Wilson Macy , Dillonaire Alyssa , Silveston-Keith Rebecca , Ambrisko Tamas D. , Gal Arnon
Published: July 2021

The management of diabetes mellitus mandates measurement of blood glucose. Saliva offers an alternative to blood sampling, but measurement of the salivary glucose concentration is difficult, and the blood-to-saliva glucose time lag is uncertain. We aimed to determine the serum–saliva glucose time lag in the saliva of healthy dogs. The combined duct of the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands of 6 dogs was cannulated to collect saliva and prevent glucose degradation by oral bacteria. Following a 0.25 g/kg IV bolus of dextrose, paired serum–saliva samples were collected at baseline and in twelve 5-min blocks over 60 min. Serum and salivary glucose levels were analyzed with a linear mixed model for repeated measures with a compound symmetry error structure. Mean (±SD) saliva production was 10.3 ± 2.9 µL/kg/min, and the area under the curve (AUCglucose)saliva/serum ratio was 0.006, which highlights the magnitude of the large difference in glucose concentration between the 2 compartments. The serum–saliva glucose time lag was 30–40 min.
Serious Games as a Complementary Tool for Social Skill Development in Young People: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Zheng Lucy R. , Oberle Catherine M. , Hawkes-Robinson W. A. , Daniau Stéphane
Published: July 2021

Background

The use of games for social skill development in the classroom is accelerating at a tremendous rate. At the same time, the research surrounding games designed for teaching social skills remains fragmented. This systematic review summarizes the current existing literature on social skill serious games for young people ages 5 to 19 and is the first review of serious games to note the demographic and geographic component of these studies.

Method

This review included papers that: evaluated a game designed to teach social skills; included measurable, quantitative outcomes; have a translation or be published in English; were peer-reviewed; date from January 2010 to May 2020; and have a nonclinical study population between ages of 5 to 19. Keywords were obtained from the CASEL 5 framework.

Results

Our findings are mixed but suggest that serious games may improve social skills when used alongside in-person discussion. We also found potential effects of the length of time of gameplay, intervention, and follow-up on social skill serious game effectiveness. Although this review found promising research conducted in East Asian countries and with minority samples in the United States, the majority of social skill serious game research takes place in the United States and Australia, with unreported demographic information and white-majority samples.

Conclusions

Due to the limited number of published studies in this area and studies lacking methodological rigor, the effectiveness of using games to teach social skills and the impact of background on social skill learning require further discussion.
Integrating Cantonese Nursery Rhymes Into Early Childhood Music Classrooms: A Lesson for Learning Music, Language, and Culture
Authors: Pan Yingying
Published: July 2021

As cultural diversity is increasingly celebrated in classrooms, multicultural learning in music education has become more essential and meaningful. Therefore, this article emphasizes the integration of Cantonese nursery rhymes into early childhood music classrooms by providing a detailed lesson plan and some teaching suggestions. This effort aims to enhance students’ cultural awareness and knowledge of world music by integrating Chinese music elements into general music learning. It also serves to provide inspiration and suggests possibilities for music educators who wish to incorporate multicultural elements in music education.
Pre-Employment Transition Services: What Secondary Special Education Teachers Need to Know
Authors: Carlson Sarah R.
Published: July 2021

In July 2014, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) was signed into law, amending the Rehabilitation Act of 1998 and establishing new workforce initiatives for state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies. The passage of WIOA led to the expansion of VR services, including the requirement to provide pre-employment transition services (Pre-ETS) to eligible and potentially eligible students with disabilities to support their transition from school to postsecondary employment and education. Pre-ETS afford students with disabilities an early start at job exploration, maximizing their potential to enter competitive integrated employment. It is imperative for secondary special education teachers to inform students and their families of the availability of Pre-ETS. To do this, school personnel must first be knowledgeable about Pre-ETS themselves. This column provides secondary special education teachers with a general understanding of Pre-ETS and furnishes them with strategies for securing these services on behalf of students with disabilities.
1% Tirbanibulin Ointment for the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses
Authors: Dao Diem-Phuong D. , Sahni Vikram Nath , Sahni Dev Ram , Balogh Esther A. , Grada Ayman , Feldman Steven R.
Published: July 2021

Objective

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are cutaneous lesions that arise in sun-damaged skin. AKs may transform into squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Tirbanibulin 1% ointment is a new topical treatment for AKs, recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Data Sources

The PubMed database was searched for articles published from 1960 to March 31, 2021, using the keywords tirbanibulin and Klisyri.

Data Extraction

Phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials were reviewed.

Data Synthesis

In phase 2 clinical trials, 43% of patients treated with tirbanibulin experienced complete clearance by day 57 (43% [95% CI = 32, 54]). Across two phase 3 clinical trials (pooled data), complete (100%) clearance occurred in 49% of patients in tirbanibulin groups and in only 9% of the vehicle groups (difference, 41% points; 95% CI = 35 to 47; P < 0.001). Although no comparative studies are available, tirbanibulin is applied for a shorter duration (5 days) compared with diclofenac 3% gel, fluorouracil 5% cream, and imiquimod 3.75% cream. Adverse events were mild and included pruritus, application site pain, and local skin reactions. Systemic adverse events such as necrosis and angioedema, observed with other AK treatments such as fluorouracil and imiquimod, were not observed with tirbanibulin, thus giving tirbanibulin a favorable safety profile.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice

Tirbanibulin effectively reduces AK burden and recurrence and has a favorable safety profile with mild adverse events. In comparison, imiquimod, 5-flourouracil, and diclofenac can result in necrosis, angioedema, and arthralgias.

Conclusion

With a favorable safety profile and short regimen, tirbanibulin is an efficacious treatment for clinicians to utilize in their treatment toolbox when treating AKs on the face and scalp.