bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tranexamic Acid Plus Low‐dose Epinephrine Reduces Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Yuan‐gang , Zeng Yi , Hu Qin‐sheng , Bao Xian‐chao , Xiong Hua‐zhang , Shen Bin
Published: November 2018

The present study assessed the effectiveness of the combined administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) plus low‐dose epinephrine in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We searched the following Chinese electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang Data. We also searched the following English electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Central Register of Controlled Trials. To search for additional eligible studies, we also used Google's search engine. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing TXA plus low‐dose epinephrine (Combined group) and TXA alone in TKA were systematically searched. The primary outcomes were total blood loss, hidden blood loss, the requirement for transfusion, maximum hemoglobin (Hb) drop, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Drainage volume, operation time, length of stay, hospital for special surgery (HSS) score, and range of motion (ROM) were considered as secondary outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the benefits of using a tourniquet and the application routes of topical or intravenous TXA between the two groups. Statistical analysis was assessed using RevMan 5.3 software. Four independent RCT were included involving 426 patients, with 213 patients in the Combined group and 213 patients in the TXA alone group. In the Combined group there was significant reduction in total blood loss (MD, 204.70; 95% CI, −302.76 to −106.63; P < 0.0001), hidden blood loss (MD, 185.63; 95% CI, −227.56 to −143.71; P < 0.00001), drainage volume (MD, 93.49; 95% CI, −117.24 to −69.74; P < 0.00001), and maximum Hb drop (MD, 5.33, 95% CI, −6.75 to −3.91; P < 0.00001). No statistical differences were found postoperatively in terms of the requirement for transfusion (risk ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.26–1.04; P = 0.06), operation time (MD, 0.85; 95% CI, −2.62 to 4.31; P = 0.63), length of stay (MD, −0.02; 95% CI, −0.52 to 0.47; P = 0.93), HSS score (MD, 0.78; 95% CI, −0.36 to 1.92; P = 0.18), and ROM (MD, 1.40; 95% CI, −1.01 to 3.81; P = 0.26), and not increasing the risk of DVT (risk ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.33 to 3.02; P = 1.00) in the two groups. This meta‐analysis demonstrated that the administration of tranexamic acid plus low‐dose epinephrine is a safe and efficacious treatment to reduce total blood loss, hidden blood loss, drainage volume, and maximum Hb drop in primary TKA, without increasing the risk of DVT in primary THA.
Hybridisation‐based target enrichment of phenology genes to dissect the genetic basis of yield and adaptation in barley
Authors: Hill Camilla Beate , Angessa Tefera Tolera , McFawn Lee‐Anne , Wong Debbie , Tibbits Josquin , Zhang Xiao‐Qi , Forrest Kerrie , Moody David , Telfer Paul , Westcott Sharon , Diepeveen Dean , Xu Yanhao , Tan Cong , Hayden Matthew , Li Chengdao
Published: November 2018

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal grain widely used for livestock feed, brewing malts and human food. Grain yield is the most important breeding target for genetic improvement and largely depends on optimal timing of flowering. Little is known about the allelic diversity of genes that underlie flowering time in domesticated barley, the genetic changes that have occurred during breeding, and their impact on yield and adaptation. Here, we report a comprehensive genomic assessment of a worldwide collection of 895 barley accessions based on the targeted resequencing of phenology genes. A versatile target‐capture method was used to detect genome‐wide polymorphisms in a panel of 174 flowering time‐related genes, chosen based on prior knowledge from barley, rice and Arabidopsis thaliana. Association studies identified novel polymorphisms that accounted for observed phenotypic variation in phenology and grain yield, and explained improvements in adaptation as a result of historical breeding of Australian barley cultivars. We found that 50% of genetic variants associated with grain yield, and 67% of the plant height variation was also associated with phenology. The precise identification of favourable alleles provides a genomic basis to improve barley yield traits and to enhance adaptation for specific production areas.
Resequencing of cv CRI‐12 family reveals haplotype block inheritance and recombination of agronomically important genes in artificial selection
Authors: Lu Xuke , Fu Xiaoqiong , Wang Delong , Wang Junyi , Chen Xiugui , Hao Meirong , Wang Junjuan , Gervers Kyle A. , Guo Lixue , Wang Shuai , Yin Zujun , Fan Weili , Shi Chunwei , Wang Xiaoge , Peng Jun , Chen Chao , Cui Ruifeng , Shu Na , Zhang Binglei , Han Mingge , Zhao Xiaojie , Mu Min , Yu John Z. , Ye Wuwei
Published: November 2018

Although efforts have been taken to exploit diversity for yield and quality improvements, limited progress on using beneficial alleles in domesticated and undomesticated cotton varieties is limited. Given the complexity and limited amount of genomic information since the completion of four cotton genomes, characterizing significant variations and haplotype block inheritance under artificial selection has been challenging. Here we sequenced Gossypium hirsutum L. cv CRI‐12 (the cotton variety with the largest acreage in China), its parental cultivars, and progeny cultivars, which were bred by the different institutes in China. In total, 3.3 million SNPs were identified and 118, 126 and 176 genes were remarkably correlated with Verticillium wilt, salinity and drought tolerance in CRI‐12, respectively. Transcriptome‐wide analyses of gene expression, and functional annotations, have provided support for the identification of genes tied to these tolerances. We totally discovered 58 116 haplotype blocks, among which 23 752 may be inherited and 1029 may be recombined under artificial selection. This survey of genetic diversity identified loci that may have been subject to artificial selection and documented the haplotype block inheritance and recombination, shedding light on the genetic mechanism of artificial selection and guiding breeding efforts for the genetic improvement of cotton.
Examining the Role of Socioeconomic Status, Formal and Informal Education on Political Interest Levels among University Students
Authors: Shala Arif , Grajcevci Albulene
Published: November 2018

Present research examines political socialization trends among student populations in Kosovo (N = 303). The study examines the variables influencing and determining political interest trends in students, initially hypothesizing that variables such as formal education and socioeconomic status will shape political interest trends. As expected, formal education settings that endorse political discussions resulted in students reporting higher rates of political interest. Surprisingly, the present study found a gender effect on political interest with female students reporting lower rates of political interest compared to male students. Since this study is the first to address the topic of political interest among students in Kosovo, it does bridge the existing gap in research. To that end, the study also addressed a gap in international literature by examining the role of informal learning. Results indicate that role models are strong agents of socialization, more specifically parents and professors were strong predictors of political interest levels in participants.

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Henderson, Alisa, Steven D. Brown and Mark S. Pancer. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 93‐130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00341.x

Pearson‐Merkowitz, Shanna. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 258‐295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00349.x

Curato, Nicole and Simon Niemeyer. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 355‐383. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12015

Related Media

Feltes, Tilmann and Simon Niemeyer. 2013. “.” https://www.kas.de/upload/dokumente/2015/07/TilmannFeltes_HumanRightsandSecurity_Vol24Issue2_195-202.pdf
The INSPIRE Framework: How Public Administrators Can Increase Compliance with Written Requests Using Behavioral Techniques
Authors: Faulkner Nicholas , Borg Kim , Bragge Peter , Curtis Jim , Ghafoori Eraj , Goodwin Denise , Jorgensen Bradley S. , Jungbluth Lena , Kneebone Sarah , Smith Liam , Wright Breanna , Wright Paula
Published: November 2018

Public administrators rely on written communications to send information to citizens and stakeholders, and they are among the heaviest users of the postal service. Behavioral science research has identified several techniques that public administrators can use to increase compliance with written requests and, in turn, increase effectiveness. Currently, however, many written communications from government bodies are not written in a manner that utilizes these techniques. It remains an ongoing challenge for public administrators to identify, understand, and use these techniques in the written communications sent by their organizations. This article presents a framework capturing seven prominent techniques in a simple mnemonic—INSPIRE—that is already being used by several government bodies in Australia. It also provides practical examples of how to use each technique and demonstrates that using these techniques could result in large aggregate improvements in effectiveness and socially desirable outcomes of public administrators' written communications.
Cultivating Metacognition in Each of Us: Thinking About “Thinking” in Interdisciplinary Disaster Research
Authors: Ganapati N. Emel , Mostafavi Ali
Published: November 2018

Although there is an emerging literature on interdisciplinary disaster research (IDR), one of the overlooked aspects relates to our thinking itself: how to actively think about our thinking—metacognition—while embarking on our interdisciplinary journeys. This article argues that metacognition has an instrumental value both for IDR projects and for individual researchers involved in IDR. For IDR projects, metacognition can help:

overcome disciplinary barriers in IDR by revealing cognitive abilities and inabilities for each team member through identifying what is hindering or enabling individuals and the group to transcend disciplinary boundaries toward true integration across the disciplines;

deal with “wicked” problems that characterize disaster contexts in a more effective and creative manner;

oversee team functioning; and

monitor and evaluate progress toward meeting project goals and objectives.

For individual researchers, metacognition can help them grow intellectually, and understand the fallacies and limitations in their thinking. It can also encourage them to live an authentic and unified life as an individual. The article concludes with guidance on how individual researchers, principal investigators of IDR projects, and institutions such as universities and funding agencies can cultivate metacognition. To our knowledge, this is the first article that introduces metacognition as a tool for enhancing our thinking on IDR.
Untangling gender differentiated food security gaps in Bhutan: An application of exogenous switching treatment regression
Authors: Aryal Jeetendra Prakash , Mottaleb Khondoker Abdul , Rahut Dil Bahadur
Published: November 2018

Using nationally representative data from Bhutan, and applying an exogenous switching treatment regression model, this study assessed the food security status between male‐headed households (MHHs) and female‐headed households (FHHs). The study demonstrates that there is no significant difference between MHHs and FHHs in terms of food security, but when MHHs are compared with de jure FHHs, the food security is significantly lower among the de jure FHHs. The food security gap between MHHs and de jure FHHs is due to the differences in both observable and unobservable characteristics of the households. The food security gap between de facto and de jure FHHs can be explained by the influence of connections and wider access to off‐farm income. Most of the previous studies consider all FHHs as a homogenous entity and ignore the concept of de jure FHHs (i.e., a household run by single, widowed, or divorced woman) and de facto FHHs (i.e., a household where there is a husband, but he is not physically present because of his work off‐farm). As the present research takes this into account, the econometric findings from our study, thus have important implications in formulating special food security policies targeting the most vulnerable FHHs.
Deterministic Parallel Analysis: An Improved Method for Selecting Factors and Principal Components
Authors: Dobriban Edgar , Owen Art B.
Published: November 2018

Factor analysis and principal component analysis are used in many application areas. The first step, choosing the number of components, remains a serious challenge. Our work proposes improved methods for this important problem. One of the most popular state of the art methods is parallel analysis (PA), which compares the observed factor strengths with simulated strengths under a noise-only model. The paper proposes improvements to PA. We first derandomize it, proposing deterministic PA, which is faster and more reproducible than PA. Both PA and deterministic PA are prone to a shadowing phenomenon in which a strong factor makes it difficult to detect smaller but more interesting factors. We propose deflation to counter shadowing. We also propose to raise the decision threshold to improve estimation accuracy. We prove several consistency results for our methods, and test them in simulations. We also illustrate our methods on data from the human genome diversity project, where they significantly improve the accuracy.
2‐D solitary waves in thermal media with nonsymmetric boundary conditions
Authors: Louis Simon A. , Marchant Tim R. , Smyth Noel F.
Published: November 2018

Optical solitary waves and their stability in focusing thermal optical media, such as lead glasses, are studied numerically and theoretically in (2 + 1) dimensions. The optical medium is a square cell and mixed boundary conditions of Newton cooling and fixed temperature on different sides of the cell are used. Nonlinear thermal optical media have a refractive index which depends on temperature, so that heating from the optical beam and heat flow across the boundaries can change the refractive index of the medium. Solitary wave solutions are found numerically using the Newton conjugate‐gradient method, while their stability is studied using a linearized stability analysis and also via numerical simulations. It is found that the position of the solitary wave is dependent on the boundary conditions, with the center of the beam moving toward the warmer boundaries, as the parameters are varied. The stability of the solitary waves depends on the symmetry of the boundary conditions and the amplitude of the solitary waves.
Social media and policing: A review of recent research
Authors: Walsh James P. , O'Connor Christopher
Published: November 2018

Studies of social media's impact on policing have emerged in several disciplines, including criminology, sociology, and communications. Despite their insight, there is no unified body of knowledge regarding this relationship. In an attempt to synthesize extant work, bring coherence to the field, and orient future scholarship, this article summarizes research on social media's implications for practices and perceptions of order maintenance. It does so by identifying how social media's technical affordances empower and constrain police services. By offering new opportunities for surveillance, risk communication, and impression management, emergent technologies augment the police's control of their public visibility and that of the social world. However, they also provide unprecedented capacities to monitor the police and expose, circulate, and mobilize around perceived injustice, whether brutality, racial profiling, or other forms of indiscretion. Considering these issues promises to enhance knowledge on contemporary directions in social control, organizational communication, inequality, and collective action. Suggestions for future research are also explored.
Intradonor reproducibility and changes in hemolytic variables during red blood cell storage: results of recall phase of the REDS‐III RBC‐Omics study
Authors: Lanteri Marion C. , Kanias Tamir , Keating Sheila , Stone Mars , Guo Yuelong , Page Grier P. , Brambilla Donald J. , Endres‐Dighe Stacy M. , Mast Alan E. , Bialkowski Walter , D'Andrea Pam , Cable Ritchard G. , Spencer Bryan R. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Murphy Edward L. , Kleinman Steven , Gladwin Mark T. , Busch Michael P. ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study (REDS)‐III Program
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Genetic determinants may underlie the susceptibility of red blood cells (RBCs) to hemolyze in vivo and during routine storage. This study characterized the reproducibility and dynamics of in vitro hemolysis variables from a subset of the 13,403 blood donors enrolled in the RBC‐Omics study.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

RBC‐Omics donors with either low or high hemolysis results on 4°C‐stored leukoreduced (LR)‐RBC samples from enrollment donations stored for 39 to 42 days were recalled 2 to 12 months later to donate LR‐RBCs. Samples of stored LR‐RBCs from the unit and from transfer bags were evaluated for spontaneous and stress‐induced hemolysis at selected storage time points. Intradonor reproducibility of hemolysis variables was evaluated in transfer bags over two donations. Hemolysis data at serial storage time points were generated on LR‐RBCs from parent bags and analyzed by site, sex, race/ethnicity, and donation frequency.

RESULTS

A total of 664 donors were successfully recalled. Analysis of intradonor reproducibility revealed that osmotic and oxidative hemolysis demonstrated good and moderate reproducibility (Pearson's r = 0.85 and r = 0.53, respectively), while spontaneous hemolysis reproducibility was poor (r = 0.40). Longitudinal hemolysis in parent bags showed large increases over time in spontaneous (508.6%) and oxidative hemolysis (399.8%) and smaller increases in osmotic (9.4%) and mechanical fragility (3.4%; all p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

Spontaneous hemolysis is poorly reproducible in donors over time and may depend on site processing methods, while oxidative and osmotic hemolysis were reproducible in donors and hence could reflect consistent heritable phenotypes attributable to genetic traits. Spontaneous and oxidative hemolysis increased over time of storage, whereas osmotic and mechanical hemolysis remained relatively stable.
ETNOSCIENCE DAN ETNOTECHNOLOGI PREACHING DI MOLUCCAS
Authors: Syarifudin Syarifudin
Published: November 2018

Abstract  This research deals with the study and etnoteknology etnoscience propaganda on indigenous peoples in the State Tulehu Central Maluku Maluku province in transforming the religious teaching as a living concept. The research problem is photographing the impact of modern technology on etnoscience and etnoteknology propaganda in the village that gave birth Tulehu problematic behavior, adabtasi behavior, and adabtasi culture. This study uses a qualitative method. The research problem is how to structure formation and etnoteknology etnoscience Da'wah and how the impact of modern technology changed the nature of indigenous people in the country Bergama Tulehu in Maluku. The data collection technique using Focus Group dicussion and in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, and community. Etnoscience and etnoteknology can prevent waste circulation of negative information that potentially disturb the minds of the public. Etnoscience traditions and communities in the State etnotechnology Tulehu Patawala Maluku Province (Calling People Family); system deployment or social construction at the family level by using language etnokomunikasi. Pasaware (customary homage) is usually done in the mosque for holy days of Islam. Tabaos The statutes; Tabaos commandment serves as a medium for the publication of the social construction of the messages king was resolved in Baileo (traditional house). Through etnoscience and echnoteknology tradition to maintain, nurture, culture etnokomunikasi as social katahanan tradition in Maluku. Studies have found three formulas; 1). Their dominance of modern technology in young people gain the sympathy of the aspects of the formation of character and behavior. 2). Ease of social media in the cultural transformation experienced less social adabtasi directional well as kontenya purely business oriented. 3). Etnoscience and etnoteknologi tradition as a cultural force is customary and religious transformation model in order to strengthen the immune community through etnoscience and etnoteknologi as humane method of transformation of knowledge.
PENYELESAIAN HARTA PUSAKA MAFQŪD MENURUT PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG ISLAM( A SOLUTION FOR INHERITANCE PROPERTY OF LOST PERSON (MAFQŪD) FROM ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE)
Authors: Salleh Mohd Muslim , Nor  Muhamad Nasrul Hisyam , Husin Ezwan Rafiq
Published: November 2018

The issue of muslims inheritence has been discussing since in recent years. This is due to the increased value of the estate, particularly involving muslims property unclaimed and completed by the beneficiary. Mafqud case is one of the causes of the  deceased estate that could not be completed. In this context, the meaning of Mafqud is beneficiary who lost his life in which the status cannot be determined. This is not to be taken lightly as it can cause other problems such as Munasakhat (death plated). This article will discuss the theory and calculations of Taqdir and al-Jam’u, which are combined the calculation if beneficiary still alive and the calculation if beneficiary is dead. On the basis of this calculation, the least part of beneficiaries obtained between two destinies will be determined to solve the problem of distribution of the estate. The authors also discuss the application of the theory of al-Taqdir in some circumstances Mafqud case in detail. The data obtained in order to produce this article is from a literature review of previous studies and the view of Islamic jurisprudence. Therefore the authors suggested that the theory of al-Taqdīr should be used for the settlement of Muslim inheritance in Mafqud cases.
SYED AMEER ALI: TOKOH RASIONALISME DALAM DUNIA ISLAM ABAD KE-19 (SYED AMEER ALI: MUSLIM RATIONALIST IN THE 19TH CENTURY)
Authors: RAJALI MD HASRI BIN
Published: November 2018

The spirit of rationalism is often adopted by the group of Western-educated Muslim intellegensia. Furthermore, it became popular in the 19th century as was the case in India namely Syed Ameer Ali, one of the figures who advocate the spirit of rationalism. Syed Ameer Ali had been said to have made the philosophy of rationalism as the principle of his life in fighting for the true meaning of Islam. It also aims to rescue the Muslims  from the rut of the realm of  intellectual lethargy and emulate the intellectual awakening epitomized by the Abbasid empire. Therefore, this paper will discuss Syed Ameer Ali’s idea of discourse on Islamic thought based on his great works.
PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PALESTINE
Authors: Abdaljawwad Osaid Nasser , Sarmidi Tamat
Published: November 2018

This study examines the impact of private sector investment on economic growth in Palestine using quarterly time series data from 1990-2015. Multiple regression and co-integration methods are employed to analyse the data. The objectives of this study are to analyse the trends of private investment and economic growth in Palestine from 1990­-2015 and to examine the impact of private sector investment on economic. Being a time series data, to avoid spurious regression results, the first step is to test for the stationarity of the data by using Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. Then ordinary least square (OLS) regression technique is used to estimate of each independent variable effect on the dependent variable. Test the stationary of the error term is done to test the long run co-integration among variables. The result of stationarity and normality test will reveal that the model is fairly well specified and could be used for policy analysis or not. The co-integration test result will indicate that private sector investment and economic growth have a long run significant effect on one another. The unit root tests, which conducted, confirm that variables are stationary in first difference and the co-integration tests also confirm the existence of long term relationship between the variables. The findings of the study concluded that there exist a short-run and long run relationship between private sector investment and economic growth in Palestine. This study recommends the Palestinian government to promote and encourage both domestic and foreign direct investment. The investment policy should be more transparent, attractive and competitive
CABARAN DAN ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN BAGI PENYEDIA PERKHIDMATAN AR-RAHNU DI MALAYSIA (CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR AR-RAHNU SERVICE PROVIDERS IN MALAYSIA)
Authors: Shah ASIAH Alkharib , Yaacob Salmy Edawati
Published: November 2018

The development of Ar Rahnu in Malaysia has triggered a positive phenomenon that has opened the eyes of more industries among financial institutions and non-financial institutions to create this scheme. However, the achievement of each Ar-Rahnu service providers showed a significant different. This significant difference due to the characters and challenges faced by each service providers. Hence, the characters and challenges faced by each operator need to be identified and handled appropriately to ensure the Ar-Rahnu industry growth progressively and effectively. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges faced by the four categories of Ar-Rahnu agencies in Malaysia representing financial institutions, cooperatives, companies and state-link companies. Therefore, an approach suggested by this paper can be taken at the industry level and the government to overcome the challenges. Accordingly, semi-structural interviews were used through a multi-case study on six agencies comprising Ar-Rahnu service providers. The findings show that most of the challenges faced by industry level are influenced by the size of institution, governance and financial factors. Hence, alternative solutions to the constraints faced need a strategic initiatives between industries and government.
Comparison Of Legal System: Islamic Law System, Civil Law, and Common Law
Authors: Asasriwarnia Asasriwarnia , Jandra M.
Published: November 2018

This paper will discuss the comparison of Islamic legal system, civil law, and common law. Knowing the comparison is important. This method is very appropriate considering that the legal system has its own character and scope. The questions of this study are: (1) how is the comparison concept of legal systems; (2) how was the comparison of legal systems’ source; (3) how was the comparison of its history and (4) the comparative material of law content. The purpose of this study is to reveal the concepts of legal systems comparison; the comparison of its source, history and the material comparison of law system’s content. This study use normative legal method. The results of this study are: (1) the concept of legal system comparison is defined by the similarities and difference on the collection of law elements. The needs of legal systems comparison are grouped into scientific needs and practical needs; (2) the comparison of legal system source is that the source of Islamic legal system, civil law, and common law has similarity in the effort of legal discovery. (3) The comparison of the history of legal system have similarities in growth and development influenced by the traditions of human life from one generation to the next generation in wide definition. (4) Comparison of the content of law system have similarities that all aspects of human life is generally regulated by law. In this context Islamic law is comprehensively regulate various aspects of human life including the relationship with the universe, the Lord and the hereafter.
Social Media And Its Effects On Muslim Students: The Case Of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Authors: Sule Mohammed Maga
Published: November 2018

This research centered on the effects of social media on Muslim students in Nasarawa State University, Keffi. The purpose of this is to examine how Muslim students make use of the social media and the effects of these social media sites on them, the level of Muslim students’ awareness of social media, how to properly make use of the social media sites for the propagation of Islam.  The research used quantitative methodology. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Similarly, textbooks, journals, as well as internet sources were used for the research. The research found that social media as a tool has created a new social dimension in the lives of Muslim students. Social media has developed and increased their levels of religious, educational and social awareness. It is argued in the research that, social media has provided an avenue for getting information in many aspects of everyday life, making one to become more knowledgeable which is beneficial especially for Muslim students. The research found that most of the Muslim students surveyed were aware of the positive and negative effects of social media sites and were also conversant with the social media sites that propagate Islam. Some of the social media sites utilized by Muslim students are Facebook, WhatsApp, Ummaland, Masjidway, Nahnu Muslim and Muslim Social to mention but a few.
Penelitian Semula Akad Mudharabah: Satu Kajian dari Perspektif Tahaluf
Authors: Mohd Rosdi Mohd Syakir , Muhammad Mohd Zulkifli
Published: November 2018

This article aims to re-examine the mudharabah contract from the perspective of tahaluf. Mudharabah here means the framework to run a business in the field of economy, whereas tahaluf here means an agreement made between two parties or parties to achieve certain goals as long as it does not violate Islamic law. By having three elements in the mudharabah contract namely guarantee, justice and benefit, this study is conducted to review the concept of mudharabah from the perspective of the agreement (tahaluf) in Islam. It is to answer the question, is it true that the mudharabah contract is fulfilled with the tahaluf concept? This study was conducted using library research and content analysis. Library research is used to obtain secondary data, while content analysis is used to analyze the data. The result, mudharabah muqayyadah is the most suitable practice of tahaluf concept. It is linked to three distinct tahaluf features that have an agreement period, cancellation of the agreement if betrayed and have a clear agreement agreement. In addition, three conditions are ensured in accordance with the mudharabah contract namely loyalty, wise management and ukhwah. Only the one principle that can be achieved in the mudharabah contract is the principle of peace.
Analysis on the Impact of Government-Enterprise Cooperation on Technological Innovation and Its Economic Consequences --Based on Empirical Cases of GEM-listed Companies
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Xia Yun , Yang Junda
Published: November 2018

Based on the GEM listed companies in 2009-2016, the authors discuss the impact of government-enterprise cooperation on enterprise technology innovation and its actual economic consequences from the two dimensions of R&D investment and corporate performance. The empirical results of this paper are as follows: the government-enterprise cooperation model does not promote enterprises to invest more funds for technological innovation, but it has a positive effect on corporate performance. The conclusion of this paper provides a new perspective and empirical evidence for us to understand the nature of government-enterprise cooperation and its impact on the entire economic market. It has strong theoretical and practical significance.
On a logarithmic version of the derived McKay correspondence
Authors: Scherotzke Sarah , Sibilla Nicolò , Talpo Mattia
Published: November 2018

We globalize the derived version of the McKay correspondence of Bridgeland, King and Reid, proven by Kawamata in the case of abelian quotient singularities, to certain logarithmic algebraic stacks with locally free log structure. The two sides of the correspondence are given respectively by the infinite root stack and by a certain version of the valuativization (the projective limit of every possible logarithmic blow-up). Our results imply, in particular, that in good cases the category of coherent parabolic sheaves with rational weights is invariant under logarithmic blow-up, up to Morita equivalence.
Structural mechanisms for defective CFTR gating caused by the Q1412X mutation, a severe Class VI pathogenic mutation in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Yeh Jiunn‐Tyng , Yu Ying‐Chun , Hwang Tzyh‐Chang
Published: November 2018

Key points

Electrophysiological characterization of Q1412X‐CFTR, a C‐terminal truncation mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) associated with the severe form of cystic fibrosis (CF), reveals a gating defect that has not been reported previously.

Mechanistic investigations of the gating deficit in Q1412X‐CFTR suggest that the reduced open probability in Q1412X‐CFTR is the result of a disruption of the function of the second ATP binding site (or site 2) in the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs).

Detailed comparisons of several mutations with different degrees of truncation in the C‐terminal region of NBD2 reveal the importance of the last two beta‐strands in NBD2 for maintaining proper gating functions.

The results of the present study also show that the application of clinically‐approved drugs (VX‐770 and VX‐809) can greatly enhance the function of Q1412X, providing in vitro evidence for a therapeutic strategy employing both reagents for patients bearing Q1412X or similar truncation mutations.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a phosphorylation‐activated but ATP‐gated chloride channel. Based on the molecular mechanism of CF pathogenesis, disease‐associated mutations are categorized into six classes. Among them, Class VI, whose members include some of the C‐terminal truncation mutations such as Q1412X, is defined as decreased membrane expression because of a faster turnover rate. In the present study, we characterized the functional properties of Q1412X‐CFTR, a severe‐form premature stop codon mutation. We confirmed previous findings of a ∼90% decrease in membrane expression but found a ∼95% reduction in the open probability (Po). Detailed kinetic studies support the idea that the gating defect is the result of a dysfunctional ATP‐binding site 2 in the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs). Because the Q1412X mutation results in a deletion of the last two beta‐strands in NBD2 and the whole C‐terminal region, we further characterized truncation mutations with different degrees of deletion in this segment. Mutations that completely or partially remove the C‐terminus of CFTR at the same time as keeping an intact NBD2 (i.e. D1425X and S1455X) assume gating function almost identical to that of wild‐type channels. However, the deletion of the last beta‐strand in the NBD2 (i.e. N1419X) causes gating dysfunction that is milder than that of Q1412X. Thus, normal CFTR gating requires structural integrity of NBD2. Moreover, our observation that clinically‐approved VX‐809 (Lumacaftor, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA) and VX‐770 (Ivacaftor, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA) significantly enhance the overall function of Q1412X‐CFTR provides the conceptual basis for the treatment of patients carrying this mutation.
Sparse Bayesian learning for beamforming using sparse linear arrays
Authors: Nannuru Santosh , Koochakzadeh Ali , Gemba Kay L. , Pal Piya , Gerstoft Peter
Published: November 2018

Sparse linear arrays such as co-prime and nested arrays can resolve more sources than the number of sensors. In contrast, uniform linear arrays (ULA) cannot resolve more sources than the number of sensors. This paper demonstrates this using Sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) and co-array MUSIC for single frequency beamforming. For approximately the same number of sensors, co-prime and nested arrays are shown to outperform ULA in root mean squared error. This paper shows that multi-frequency SBL can significantly reduce spatial aliasing. The effects of different sparse sub-arrays on SBL performance are compared qualitatively using the Noise Correlation 2009 experimental data set.
A description of echolocation clicks recorded in the presence of True's beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus)
Authors: DeAngelis Annamaria Izzi , Stanistreet Joy E. , Baumann-Pickering Simone , Cholewiak Danielle M.
Published: November 2018

True's beaked whales (Mesoplodon mirus) were encountered on two separate shipboard surveys on 24 July 2016 and 16 September 2017 in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Recordings were made using a hydrophone array towed 300 m behind the ship. In 2016, three different groups were sighted within 1500 m of the ship; clicks were recorded for 26 min. In 2017, a single group of five whales was tracked over the course of five hours in which the ship maintained a distance <4000 m from the group. A total of 2938 frequency-modulated (FM) clicks and 7 buzzes were recorded from both encounters. Plausible inter-click-intervals (ICIs) were calculated from 2763 clicks, and frequency and duration measurements were calculated from 2150 good quality FM clicks. The median peak frequencies were 43.1 kHz (2016, n = 718) and 43.5 kHz (2017, n = 1432). Median ICIs were 0.17 s (2016) and 0.19 s (2017). The spectra and measurements of the recorded clicks closely resemble Gervais's beaked whale clicks (Mesoplodon europaeus) and distinguishing between the two species in acoustic data sets proves difficult. The acoustic behavior of True's beaked whales was previously unknown; this study provides a description of echolocation clicks produced by this species.
The importance of rheological behavior in the additive manufacturing technique material extrusion
Authors: Mackay Michael E.
Published: November 2018

Material extrusion (ME), sometimes called Fused Deposition Modeling® or Fused Filament Fabrication, is an additive manufacturing technique that places order 300 μm diameter molten polymer filaments sequentially onto a moving substrate to build an object. The feed material is a solid fiber that acts like a continuous piston in a heated barrel, which plasticates itself to push molten material through a nozzle. The barrel pressure is substantial, of order 30 MPa (≈4000 psi), and similar to that developed in contemporary polymer processing. The similarity does not end here with all the non-Newtonian and viscoelastic effects and heat transfer limitations that challenge extrusion operations coming to bear in the ME. These will be discussed in this review with suggestions of areas of study.
Wall slip mechanisms in direct and inverse emulsions
Authors: Zhang X. , Lorenceau E. , Bourouina T. , Basset P. , Oerther T. , Ferrari M. , Rouyer F. , Goyon J. , Coussot P.
Published: November 2018

We carry out a series of experiments with the aim of completing our knowledge of wall slip characteristics, through a deductive approach based on macroscopic behavior observations. More precisely, we use model materials (direct and inverse emulsions) and determine the variations of wall slip properties depending on the material parameters (droplet size, concentration) and boundary conditions of the flow (free surface or flow between two solid surfaces, normal force, flow beyond yielding, and coated or rough surface). The wall slip characteristics are determined from long creep tests at different levels and from internal measurements of the velocity profile in the capillary or the Couette flow as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. First, we show that the slip yield stress is due either to edge effects in relation with evaporation then pinning around the line of contact or to a kind of adhesion of the suspended elements to the wall. This adhesion effect varies with the characteristics of the solid surface (interaction with elements, roughness), and wall slip (below the yield stress) disappears when the adhesion or adherence leads to a wall slip yield stress expected to be larger than the material yield stress. Then, we show that, below the yield stress, the slip velocity vs shear stress (from which the slip yield stress has been removed) relationship is linear. The corresponding value for the apparent slip layer made of interstitial liquid appears to be independent of the concentration and to vary only slightly with the droplet size. Moreover, it is independent of the normal force (below the critical value inducing elongation) and other experimental conditions, e.g., it is the same for free surface flows. Although the origin of this phenomenon remains to be found, the following scheme appears to be consistent with all observations: the droplets are attracted at a very short distance from the wall, forming regions of the small area in which the liquid layer thickness is very small, the shear stress being dominated by the shear in these regions. Finally, this apparent layer thickness increases at the approach of the yield stress and beyond, or if a slightly rough surface is used, leading to a faster (quadratic?) variation of the slip velocity as a function of the stress.
Association Between Sitting, Screen Time, Fitness Domains, and Fundamental Motor Skills in Children Aged 5–16 Years: Cross-Sectional Population Study
Authors: Hardy Louise L. , Ding Ding , Peralta Louisa R. , Mihrshahi Seema , Merom Dafna
Published: November 2018

Background: To examine the associations between school-age children’s sedentary behavior, screen time, and 3 physical activity attributes: muscular strength, cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE), and fundamental movement skills. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 2734 children in years 2 and 4 and 3671 adolescents in years 6, 8, and 10. Total sitting time, 6 screen time behaviors, and physical activity were measured by self-report. Muscular strength was assessed by standing broad jump; CRE by 20-m shuttle run test; and fundamental movement skills by process-oriented checklists. Associations between incremental sitting and screen time (in hours) and meeting the healthy zone of physical activity attributes were examined using logistic regression. Results: After adjusting for covariates and physical activity, children had lower odds of achieving the healthy zone for muscular strength and CRE for each hour of week (but not weekend) screen time. For adolescents, each hour of screen time per day was associated with lower odds of achieving the healthy fitness zone for CRE, locomotor skills, and overall healthy zone, and each hour of weekend screen time was associated with lower odds of achieving the healthy zone for most attributes and overall healthy zone. The associations were slightly stronger among adolescent girls than boys. The findings were similar for total sitting time. Conclusions: Screen time was associated with a lower likelihood to achieve healthy zones of physical activity attributes, and the effect was more consistent and slightly stronger among adolescents than children. This may suggest that the negative effects of screen time are incremental, emerging during adolescence.
Moderating Effects of Depression, Food Cravings, and Weight-Related Quality-of-Life on Associations of Treatment-Targeted Psychosocial Changes and Physical Activity in Adolescent Candidates for Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Annesi James
Published: November 2018

Background: Physical activity is a strong predictor of sustaining weight loss. Yet physical activity has been challenging to maintain. Adolescent bariatric surgery is increasing, and there is typically an initial 6-month period when improving health behaviors such as physical activity are addressed by a clinic-based team. However, there is minimal understanding of how to target psychosocial factors relevant for behavioral changes. Methods: A group of 15 adolescent candidates for bariatric surgery (mean age = 15.1 y; mean body mass index = 55.9 kg/m2) were assessed on changes in 3 theory-based predictors of physical activity from baseline–month 3 and baseline–month 6. Results: Changes in physical activity-related self-regulation and self-efficacy over 3 months significantly predicted change in physical activity over 6 months. Reciprocal relationships were also significant, including the prediction of physical activity change by change in negative mood. The clinical psychology-based factor of weight-related quality-of-life significantly moderated the prediction of self-regulation via physical activity, and degree of depressive symptoms significantly moderated the prediction of changes in physical activity through self-efficacy changes. Conclusions: Because improvements in several theory-based psychosocial variables related to physical activity have demonstrated a carry-over to controlling eating, the improved understanding of those variables for treating adolescents with severe obesity was useful.
Managing Difficult Conversations
Authors: Bartholomew John B. , Sanders Sherri L.
Published: November 2018

The academic ideal of shared governance requires significant participation of faculty in the decision-making and service aspects of a university. This is especially true at the department level, where a relatively small number of faculty must work together and contribute to the mission. As a result, one of the more challenging roles for department chairs is dealing with disruptive faculty. This article is designed to provide some insight on this challenge within the frame of managing difficult conversations. The authors begin with a presentation of motives and biases from the perspective of both the chair and the faculty. Efforts to build diversity and inclusion are then used to illustrate the process of managing faculty and building consensus. Finally, aspects of negotiation that might be applied to these relationships are discussed.
Assessing College Students’ Use of Campus Recreation Facilities through Individual and Environmental Factors
Authors: Shaikh Hassan M. , Patterson Megan S. , Lanning Beth , Umstattd Meyer M. Renee , Patterson Clinton A.
Published: November 2018

Physical activity is related to overall well-being among college students. For many college students, on-campus recreational facilities are the primary environment for physical activity to occur. Social cognitive theory highlights the relationship between individual factors, the environment, and behavior. This study aimed to assess the relationship of individual-level factors, including self-efficacy, exercise behaviors, and social physique anxiety, as well as students’ reported comfort in the recreational environment, with use of campus facilities. To test these relationships, the researchers surveyed 189 undergraduate students and conducted descriptive and linear regression analyses. Results suggest students’ comfort in their recreational environment is critical to their use of facilities, and, in turn, their engagement in physical activity. Suggestions for future research and practice, particularly concerning recreational facility use, are included in the discussion.
Indonesian fatwa causes immunization rates to drop
Authors: Rochmyaningsih Dyna
Published: November 2018

Clerics declare measles and rubella vaccine made with pork components impure.
U.S. labs using a record number of monkeys
Authors: Grimm David
Published: November 2018

Nonhuman primates grow in research importance, but trend alarms animal activists.
Stopping the sting
Authors: Law Yao-Hua
Published: November 2018

Jellyfish almost killed Angel Yanagihara. Now, she is on a mission to save others from their fatal venom.