bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rückschlagspiele
Authors: Weyers Norbert , Müller Michael , Lemke Dieter
Published: August 2020

Die Rückschlagspiele Badminton, Tennis und Tischtennis gehören zu den beliebtesten Sportarten in Freizeit und Verein. In der Schule jedoch spielen sie nur eine untergeordnete Rolle und finden sich in den Lehrplänen nur in unzureichender Form wieder. Das führt dazu, dass vor allem die grundlegenden motorischen Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten dieser Spiele nicht ausreichend vermittelt werden. Auge-Hand-Koordination, Umgang mit Ball und Schläger, Wahrnehmung und andere grundlegende Fähig- und Fertigkeiten müssen verstärkt in die Unterrichtsplanung besonders an Grundschulen einbezogen werden, um in den weiterführenden Schulen das erfolgreiche und motivierende Erlernen der Zielspiele vorzubereiten. Dieses Buch will dabei helfen, den Unterricht im Sinne der Rückschlagspiele zu gestalten und der Bedeutung der Rückschlagspiele gerecht zu werden. Neben einer allgemeinen Hinführung zu den Rückschlagspielen werden komplette Unterrichtsreihen für die Grundschule sowie für die Zielspiele angeboten. Die Autoren Norbert Weyers, Jg. 1961, ist Lehrer für Sport und Geografie für die SEK I und II und ist als Referent für Vereinsentwicklung und Breitensport (inkl. Schulsport) beim Westdeutschen Tischtennis-Verband tätig.
Le Parkour & Freerunning
Authors: Schmidt-Sinns Jürgen , Scholl Saskia , Pach Alexander
Published: August 2020

Parkour und Freerunning, die aktuellen Spiel- und Sportformen der kreativen, kunstvollen Überwindung, sind für Kinder und Jugendliche ein spannendes und attraktives Bewegungsangebot, das im unterrichtlichen und außerunterrichtlichen Schulsport und in den Turn- und Sportvereinen hervorragend entwicklungsfördernde Bewegungserlebnisse bieten kann. Die Herausforderung, die die geschickte Eroberung von Bewegungsräumen bedeutet, das Können, effizient und schnell Barrieren zu überwinden, die Fähigkeit, den eigenen Körper auch in schwierigen Situationen sicher zu beherrschen, brauchen Gelegenheit, Anleitung und Hinführung. Aus diesem Grund wird mit diesem Fachbuch zum ersten Mal ein vielfältiges und praxiserprobtes Basisprogramm vorgelegt, das sich mit pädagogischen Aspekten von Parkour und Freerunning auseinandersetzt. 28 Grundtechniken werden mit vielen Variationen aufbauend entwickelt und mit beispielhaften, zielgruppenorientierten Impulsen und Stundenvorschlägen untermauert. Mit über 600 Abbildungen werden den Lehrkräften, Übungsleitern und Coaches gute Einblicke in die Bewegungsausführung geliefert und unterstützende Geräteaufbauten gezeigt, sodass die vorbereitende Planung für spannende, erfolgreiche Stunden leichtfällt. Insbesondere die Helfer- und Sicherheitsmaßnahmen nehmen hierbei breiten Raum ein, um Bewegungswagnisse verantwortungsvoll vermitteln und ungefährdet auch mit Schulklassen und Breitensportgruppen ausüben zu können.
Leistung und Training im Triathlon
Authors: Moeller Thomas
Published: August 2020

Kenntnisse zur Struktur der sportlichen Leistung sind Voraussetzung für ein systematisches Training sowie zur individuellen Leistungsoptimierung. Daher ist es ein Ziel der Trainingswissenschaft, Modelle zur Leistungsstruktur der jeweiligen Sportart zu entwickeln. Dieses ist auch der Hauptgegenstand der Untersuchungen für die Sportart Triathlon auf der Olympischen Distanz. Basis dafür war die langjährige prozessbegleitende Trainings- und Wettkampfforschung im Hochleistungs- und Anschlussbereich der deutschen Triathlon Nationalmannschaft. Es wird auf verschiedenen Erklärungsebenen die Struktur der Wettkampfleistung sowie der Leistungsvoraussetzungen untersucht. Neben der Beschreibung des Leistungsniveaus in den drei Teildisziplinen Schwimmen, Radfahren und Laufen wurden Zusammenhänge zur Gesamtleistung im Triathlon sowie zwischen der Wettkampfleistung und den dafür notwendigen Leistungsvoraussetzungen untersucht. Dabei lag der Schwerpunkt auf der Betrachtung der Laufleistung. Um abschließend Schlussfolgerungen zur Weiterentwicklung der Trainingsstruktur treffen zu können, wurden langfristige Entwicklungen in den leistungsdiagnostischen Parametern als auch das zugrunde liegende Training in seiner Struktur und Entwicklung betrachtet. Auf deren Grundlage und dem entwickelten Leistungsstrukturmodell werden abschießend Schlussfolgerungen für die Weiterentwicklung des Trainings gezogen.
Das Hirn der Fußballprofis
Authors: Günther Klaus
Published: August 2020

Im Profi-Fußball versuchen Trainer und Trainerstäbe einen breiten Kader talentierter Spieler sowohl konditionell als auch spieltechnisch und spieltaktisch auf ein möglichst hohes Leistungsniveau zu bringen. Davon wird abgeleitet, dass sich Spiele bravourös gewinnen lassen. Man ist auch in den Vorständen und im Management der Klubs davon überzeugt, dass erfolgreicher Fußball durch betont rigide Trainingsarbeit produziert werden kann.

Die Neurobiologie kann demgegenüber zeigen, warum das Spiel - hohen Erfolgserwartungen zum Trotz - immer bis zu einem bestimmten Grade unberechenbar bleiben wird. Es lässt sich untersuchen, wie im neuronalen Apparat der auf dem Fußballfeld agierenden Spieler die vielfältigen Einflüsse verarbeitet werden, die vom Feld her (Mitspieler/Gegenspieler/Schiedsrichter) und vom Umfeld her (Trainer/Publikum) auf die Akteure einwirken. Dabei ist entscheidend, dass die neuronale Verarbeitung der oft widersprüchlichen Impulse und deren Umsetzung in Einzel- und Team-Aktionen in hohem Maße unbewusst und damit ungesteuert ablaufen.

Ist dies als Beleg dafür plausibel, dass sich der Fußball nicht perfektionieren lässt, so hat das Konsequenzen für die Trainingsarbeit. Bei aller gebotenen Trainingsdisziplin kann es zum Erfolg des Spiels beitragen, wenn der Erfolgsdruck des Profibetriebs nicht in seiner ganzen Brutalität an die Spieler weitergegeben wird. Das entspannt das Verhältnis zwischen den Spielern und die Beziehungen zwischen Spielern und Trainern. Anregungen in dieser Richtung verbinden sich mit Empfehlungen zum weniger hektischen Einkauf und Verkauf sowohl von Spielern als auch von Trainern. Zum möglichst gelassenen Umgang mit Stress gehört auch, dass das Rotationsprinzip weniger grausam praktiziert wird, als es neurobiologisch uninformierte Sturheit zu erfordern scheint.
Fitness im Schulsport
Authors: Lange Harald , Baschta Martin
Published: August 2020

Die Vielfalt möglicher Unterrichtsideen zum Thema Fitness wird in fünf Kapiteln thematisch geordnet und in 16 Beiträgen von einschlägigen Experten entfaltet. Neben zahlreichen Praxisideen werden sowohl exemplarische Unterrichtsstunden als auch konkrete Unterrichtsvorhaben im Lichte des erziehenden Sportunterrichts vorgestellt. Dabei wird der trainingstechnologische Charakter typischer Fitnesssequenzen und Übungsprogramme überwunden.

Die Orientierung an pädagogischen Normen garantiert, dass die Autoren in ihren Beiträgen Wege aufzeigen, die es Schülern im Sportunterricht erlauben, die Ziele, Inhalte und Methoden der jeweiligen Fitnessstunde zu ihrem eigenen, persönlichen Thema zu machen. Das Buch geht also von einem pädagogischen Zugang aus, der in eine trainingspädagogische Konzeption überführt wird.

In den fünf Kapiteln werden verschiedene Schwerpunkte des Fitnessthemas bearbeitet. Neben Beiträgen zum klassischen Konditionstraining (Kraft, Ausdauer und Gerätetraining) werden in einem zweiten Kapitel verschiedene Formen des Anspannens und Entspannens thematisiert (Yoga, Dehnen und Koordinieren). Im dritten Kapitel rückt ein Trendsportaspekt in den Vordergrund: Da zusehends mehr Kinder und Jugendliche Gefallen an verschiedenen Variationen des Tanzens finden, wurde hier ein entsprechender Schwerpunkt gesetzt (Aerobic und Zumba®), ebenso im vierten Kapitel, das sich dem Thema Wasser, Strand und Aquatraining widmet. Abgeschlossen wird das Buch mit einem Kapitel, in dem der Hand- und Spielgeräteeinsatz (Medizinball, Rope Skipping, Gymnastikball und Propriozeption) das jeweilige Fitnessthema bestimmen.
Comunicación científica: la revista 'BiD'
Authors: Ollé Candela
Published: August 2020

La apuesta firme por la calidad de las revistas académicas de la UOC es un hecho y las sucesivas ediciones de Jornadas de Revistas, un encuentro magnífico para compartir y aprender juntos. Este junio la revista de los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y la Comunicación BiD: Textos Universitarios de Biblioteconomía y Documentación ha publicado el número 40 y aprovecharemos el COMeIN para presentarlo, haremos un repaso de la historia de BiD y compartiremos los retos que nos marcamos a corto plazo.
Juan Carlos Tous: «¡Aún queda mercado por conquistar!»
Authors: Clares Gavilán Judith
Published: August 2020

Según el informe Entertainment and Media Outlook 2016-2020 (PwC, 2016), los ingresos por VOD (OTT y streaming) aumentarán en el periodo 2015-2020 con una tasa anual del 16,9 %, pasando de 98 a 215 millones de euros, y los ingresos por suscripciones de televisión de pago y de consumo de video (OTT y streaming) pasarán de los 1.950 millones de euros en 2015 a los 2.472 millones en 2020, lo que supone una tasa de crecimiento anual del 4,9 %. Estos datos ayudan a entender que el mercado del VOD se encuentra en plena expansión.

En esta entrevista a Juan Carlos Tous, CEO y socio fundador de CAMEO y Filmin, analizamos los datos del sector del VOD en España.
Tú, robot
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: August 2020

Dos importantes series del panorama internacional han finalizado temporada televisiva recientemente: Westworld (2.ª temporada) y Humans (3.ª temporada), centradas las dos en el tema de los robots y la inteligencia artificial. Aun siendo totalmente distintas entre sí, ambas plantean reflexiones en común sobre la inteligencia artificial, la consciencia, la identidad, la libertad, el trato al otro y la propia naturaleza humana, con múltiples conexiones a la actualidad política y social. Por eso he querido reunirlas en este artículo.
Chicas que dibujan sobre mujeres
Authors: San Cornelio Gemma
Published: August 2020

No diré nada nuevo si destaco que en los últimos años y, especialmente desde el pasado 8M, la presencia y reivindicación feminista es más presente en el espacio público y los medios. La voz de mujeres con diferentes perfiles y profesiones no sólo se ha hecho visible en la televisión y medios tradicionales, también tiene una especial resonancia en Internet y las redes sociales. Es en este contexto que he empezado a observar el trabajo de algunas mujeres que, mediante el dibujo (ilustración o cómic), tratan cuestiones abiertamente feministas.
Los 'social media' en estados de emergencia
Authors: Martínez Martínez Silvia
Published: August 2020

Las situaciones de riesgo vividas recientemente por las inclemencias meteorológicas y desastres naturales han vuelto a demostrar el rol fundamental que los social media adquieren en estados de emergencia. Su uso se incrementa significativamente al permitir que, en tiempo real, víctimas, testigos, profesionales y operativos implicados se comuniquen y ofrezcan datos actualizados al resto de la ciudadanía. Junto a mensajes de solidaridad y ayuda, servicios informativos, consejos y recomendaciones, circulan además gifs, memes y también bulos en un momento en el que la desinformación puede aumentar el alcance de la catástrofe.
Haldningar til strilemål i og rundt Bergen
Authors: Lie Anderson Ragnhild
Published: August 2020

Strilemål er typisk nok ein dialekt som vert snakka av strilar, men er det knytt ulik status til det å vera stril og det å vera frå byen, og er dette i så fall eit uttrykk for ulike maktforhold mellom dialektane? I denne artikkelen vil det bli sett nærare på kva haldningar ungdomar i og rundt Bergen har til strilemålet. Datagrunnlaget byggjer på vurderingar av kva som vert oppfatta som eit talemål ein likar (bevisste språkhaldningar), kva talemål ein vurderer høgast ved eit fyrsteinntrykk (underbevisste språk­haldningar), og kva talemål ein trur andre vil oppfatta til å ha mest status (bevisste språkhaldningar), slik det kjem fram i ei språkhaldnings­gransking hjå ungdomsskuleelevar frå Bergen, Øygarden og Meland. Ein diskusjon rundt status og makt vert brukt som innfallsvinkel for å drøfta resultata som viser at strilemålet jamt over vert lågt rangert på bevisste og underbevisste språkhaldningsskalaer både i Bergen sentrum og i områda utanfor. Desse språkhaldningsresultata blir samanlikna med andre språkhaldningsgranskingar og diskuterte både i relasjon til eit makt­hierarki og ved hjelp av folkelingvistiske data frå eitt av områda.
Association of impaired fasting glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with brain volume changes in Alzheimer’s Disease patients analyzed by MRI: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Wong Leongtim , Shi Lin , Luo Yishan , Liang Zhanhua , Dong Chunbo , Song Qingwei , Liu Tieli , Zhang Qing , Liu Ailian , Miao Yanwei , Wu Jianlin
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were reported associated with smaller brain volumes. Nevertheless, the association of hyperglycemia with brain volume changes in AD patients remains unclear. To investigate this issue, structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare brain volumes among AD patients with different fasting glucose levels.

Methods

Eighty-five AD patients were divided into three groups based on their fasting glucose level as suggested by the American Diabetes Association: normal fasting glucose group (AD_NFG, n = 45), AD_IFG group (n = 15), and AD_T2DM group (n = 25). Sagittal 3D T1-weighted images were obtained to calculate the brain volume. Brain parenchyma and 33 brain structures were automatically segmented. Each regional volume was analyzed among groups. For regions with statistical significance, partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate their relationships with fasting glucose level, corrected for Mini-Mental State Examination score, age, education level, cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood pressure.

Results

Compared with the AD_IFG and AD_NFG groups, the volume of pons in AD_T2DM group was significantly smaller. Fasting glucose was negatively correlated with pontine volume.

Conclusions

T2DM may exacerbate pontine atrophy in AD patients, and fasting glucose level is associated with pontine volume.
Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Residence Time on Bio-char Obtained from Pyrolysis of Shredded Cotton Stalk
Authors: Makavana J. M. , Sarsavadia P. N. , Chauhan P. M.
Published: August 2020

Bio-char is carbon-rich product generated from biomass through batch type slow pyrolysis. In this study, the effects of pyrolysis temperature and residence time on the yield and properties of bio-chars obtained from shredded cotton stalks were investigated. Safely said that the quality of bio-char of shredded cotton stalk obtained at 500°C temperature and 240 min is best out of the all experimental levels of variables of temperature and residence time. At this temperature and residence time, the quality of bio-char in terms higher heating value (8101.3cal /g or 33.89 MJ/kg), nitrogen (1.56%), Carbon (79.30%), and C/N ratio (50.83) respectively. The quality of bio-char for various applications is discussed along with different quality parameters. The bio-char could be used for the production of activated carbon, in fuel applications, and water purification processes. Average bulk density of whole cotton stalk and shredded cotton stalk was found as 29.90 kg/m3 and 147.02 kg/m3 respectively. Thus density was increased by 3.91 times. The value of pH, EC and CEC of shredded cotton stalk biomass was found as 5.59, 0.03 dS/m and 38.84 cmol/kg respectively. Minimum and maximum values pH, EC and CEC of its bio-char was found as 5.85 to9.86, 0.04 to 0.10 dS/m and 38.02 to 24.39 cmol/kg at 200°C and 60 min and; 500°C and 240 min temperature and residence time respectively. Moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon of shredded cotton stalk biomass were found as, 12.5, 5.27, 80.22, and 14.51 (%, d.b) respectively. The minimum and maximum value of bio-char in terms of ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon of bio-char were found as 5.5 to 15.56, 48.02 to 79.48 and 15.02 to 36.40 (%, d.b) respectively. Calorific value of cotton stalk biomass was found as 3685.3 cal /g. The minimum and maximum higher heating value of its bio-char was found as 4622.0 cal/ g and 8101.3 cal/g at 200°C and 60 min and; 500˚C and 240 min temperature and residence time.
MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU OUT OF THE BOX UNTUK ANAK-ANAK DI KAMPUNG KUMUH PERKOTAAN
Authors: Hermawan Surya , Felix Arsenius , Tirta Alexander , Yong Ricky Fernando
Published: August 2020

Saat ini Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang berkembang pesat. Hal ini tak lepas dari masyarakat yang menunjang ataupun menghambat. Hambatan utama yang membuat Indonesia kesulitan menjadi negara maju adalah pola pikir masyarakat itu sendiri. Banyak orang yang ingin agar Indonesia dapat menjadi negara maju, tetapi tidak sedikit yang tidak sadar hal yang harus mereka lakukan untuk membuat negara menjadi cepat maju. Kebanyakan hanya bisa mengkritik tanpa ada solusi yang diberikan. Hal lain yang meng­hambat adalah rendahnya kemampuan dan kemauan generasi muda pada zaman ini untuk mau mengeluarkan dan meningkatkan kreativitas mereka. Padahal generasi mudalah yang menjadi penggerak bangsa nantinya. Disisi lain, banyak anak muda kreatif di Indonesia yang tumbuh dan berkembang di perkampungan perkotaan yang tidak tersentuh oleh pemerintah. Hal inilah yang menjadi fokus kami untuk dapat mengasah pola pikir mereka menjadi out of the box. Selain itu, tujuan lain yang ingin dicapai program ini adalah dengan memulai menyalurkan kreativitas mereka pada hal kecil seperti mengecat tempat sampah agar dapat menghasilkan gambar yang out of the box sesuai pemikiran mereka, bak ter­sebut dapat digunakan di perkampungan dan dapat menampung sampah–sampah di perkam­pungan itu. Metode yang dilakukan terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu, pra pelaksanaan, pelaksanaan dan pasca pelaksanaan. Pra pelaksanaan berupa survei bagi yang ingin mengikuti program kreativitas ini, lalu pelaksanaan dimana peserta mengecat bak sampah yang sudah disediakan sesuai pola yang sudah disediakan dan dapat ditambahi sesuai kreativitas mereka, dan pasca pelaksanaan berupa pembagian hadiah dan bingkisan dari hasil kreativitas yang telah dibuat. Hasil dari program ini adalah peserta dapat meningkatkan pemikiran out of the box peserta pada media bak sampah dan dapat digunakan di perkampungan peserta. Diharap­kan dengan tercapainya program ini, generasi baru dapat lebih kreatif dan berpikir out of the box dan mem­buat Indonesia menjadi negara yang dipandang oleh negara lain karena generasi mudanya yang kreatif.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Targeted Literature Review of the Epidemiology, Current Treatment, and Disease Burden in the Asia Pacific Region
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , O'Neill Sean , Li Mengtao , Tsai I‐Ching , Yang Ya‐Wen
Published: August 2020

Objective

To understand the epidemiology, current treatment, and disease burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Asia Pacific (APAC) region.

Methods

A targeted literature review of published evidence on SLE in the APAC region was conducted, using the Medline database (2008–2018), conference proceedings, and other supplementary sources.

Results

The current review identified 70 studies conducted in China (n = 15), Japan (n = 13), Taiwan (n = 12), Korea (n = 9), Australia (n = 7), Hong Kong (n = 6), Singapore (n = 4), and multiple places within the APAC region (n = 4). Incidence rates (per 100,000 persons per year) ranged from 0.9–8.4, while prevalence rates ranged from 3.7–127 (per 100,000 persons); however, recent data were limited. Asian patients with SLE were reported to have higher disease severity, disease activity (higher SLE disease activity index scores), and organ damage accrual, along with increased morbidity, mortality, and susceptibility to renal involvement compared with other ethnicities in the APAC region. The risk of developing SLE is higher in the Asian population. Routinely used SLE therapies included belimumab, hydroxychloroquine, cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and glucocorticoids; however, prescribing patterns varied across the region. Increased disease activity was associated with high economic burden and poor quality of life for SLE patients in the APAC region.

Conclusion

SLE remains a disease with a significant unmet medical need for an innovative therapy that is well‐tolerated and effective for patients in the APAC region. Further evidence is required to better characterize the disease and fully capture the burden and impact of SLE in the APAC region. This review has highlighted where there is a paucity of data from patients across the APAC region.
Hybridization of Polytetrafluorethylene Fibers and Multiscale Short Carbon Fibers to Significantly Improve the Tribological Performance of Polyphenylene Sulfide
Authors: Shi You , Liang Mei , Wu Hang , Chen Yang , Zhou Shengtai , Zou Huawei , Sun Tong , Zhang Haoruo
Published: August 2020

Multiscale carbon‐based hybrids are obtained by decorating either graphene oxide (GO) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of short carbon fibers (SCFs) via a facile layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly process. Hybridization of polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) fibers and multiscale SCF hybrids is used to improve the tribological properties of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)‐based composites. Results show that the presence of multiscale SCF hybrids can significantly enhance the compatibility between the host matrix and fillers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations reveal that the construction of an interlocking network structure formed by PTFE fiber and multiscale SCF hybrids is likely the contributing factor, which leads to better tribological properties of the resulting composites. The PPS/PTFE/SCF@GO20 composite exhibits the best tribological performance, with a friction coefficient of 0.165 and specific wear rate of 3.12 × 10−5 mm3 Nm−1, which are ≈73.6% and 99.6% lower than those of pure PPS, respectively.
Enhanced Electricity Generation and Tunable Preservation in Porous Polymeric Materials via Coupled Piezoelectric and Dielectric Processes
Authors: Tong Wangshu , An Qi , Wang Zhihao , Li Yanan , Tong Qingwei , Li Haitao , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yihe
Published: August 2020

Biological systems and artificial devices convert omnipresent low‐frequency and weak mechanical stimulation into electricity for important functions. However, in‐depth understanding of the energy conversion, boosting, and preservation processes of the coupled piezo‐dielectric phenomenon in polymeric artificial materials is still lacking. In this study, combined experimental and simulation methods are employed to rationalize the process of energy conversion and preservation via a coupled piezo‐dielectric phenomena in composite polymeric films. Both the intensity of the transmembrane electric voltages and the kinetic aspects of the energy generation and preservation process are elucidated. The study indicates that composite films consisting of a conductive filler fraction below the percolation threshold, effectively convert low‐frequency mechanical stimulation to preserved electrical energy. Interestingly, film structure engineered into porous film has the ability to break the intertwined high‐voltage and exhibits a low‐preservation‐period relationship; it can simultaneously provide high electric field intensity, high induction velocity, and a long preservation period. The model is not only supported by the experiments but is also consistent with the electricity generation and preservation features of other reported piezo‐dielectric films. The systematic understanding can facilitate and inspire new device designs to better address the energy, environmental, and biomedical challenges faced by modern societies.
Stabilization of Sn Anode through Structural Reconstruction of a Cu–Sn Intermetallic Coating Layer
Authors: Wang Guanzhi , Aubin Megan , Mehta Abhishek , Tian Huajun , Chang Jinfa , Kushima Akihiro , Sohn Yongho , Yang Yang
Published: August 2020

The metallic tin (Sn) anode is a promising candidate for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and electrical conductivity. However, Sn suffers from severe mechanical degradation caused by large volume changes during lithiation/delithiation, which leads to a rapid capacity decay for LIBs application. Herein, a Cu–Sn (e.g., Cu3Sn) intermetallic coating layer (ICL) is rationally designed to stabilize Sn through a structural reconstruction mechanism. The low activity of the Cu–Sn ICL against lithiation/delithiation enables the gradual separation of the metallic Cu phase from the Cu–Sn ICL, which provides a regulatable and appropriate distribution of Cu to buffer volume change of Sn anode. Concurrently, the homogeneous distribution of the separated Sn together with Cu promotes uniform lithiation/delithiation, mitigating the internal stress. In addition, the residual rigid Cu–Sn intermetallic shows terrific mechanical integrity that resists the plastic deformation during the lithiation/delithiation. As a result, the Sn anode enhanced by the Cu–Sn ICL shows a significant improvement in cycling stability with a dramatically reduced capacity decay rate of 0.03% per cycle for 1000 cycles. The structural reconstruction mechanism in this work shines a light on new materials and structural design that can stabilize high‐performance and high‐volume‐change electrodes for rechargeable batteries and beyond.
Metal Nanoapertures and Single Emitters
Authors: Gordon Reuven
Published: August 2020

Nanoapertures in metal films have long been recognized for their ability to confine light to subwavelength dimensions. This allows for high‐resolution imaging of single emitters with enhanced emission rates. It also provides a background‐free environment that has been exploited for biophysical applications like fluorescence correlation studies at high physiological concentrations and DNA sequencing. Recently, other advantages of single apertures have been recognized, including optical trapping, thermal management, and nanofluidic (nanopore) functionality. This paper reviews metal nanoapertures and their applications to single emitter studies for biophysical and quantum applications.
Metal‐Free, Visible‐Light Promoted Intramolecular Azole C−H Bond Amination Using Catalytic Amount of I2: A Route to 1,2,3‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]quinazolin‐5(4H)‐ones
Authors: Du Weigen , Huang Hongtai , Xiao Tiebo , Jiang Yubo
Published: August 2020

A metal‐free, visible‐light promoted intramolecular azole C−H bond amination for the rapid and efficient synthesis of pharmaceutical important 1,2,3‐triazolo[1,5‐a]quinazolin‐5(4H)‐ones has been developed. Employing 2‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzamides as the easily available precursors and catalytic amount of I2 as an initiator, the desired product were isolated in moderate to excellent yiels with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, this protocol features mild conditions, operational simplicity, and easy scale‐up. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that a radical pathway might be involved during the reaction.

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Fatal acute hypernatremia resulting from a massive intake of seasoning soy sauce
Authors: Sakamoto Ayaka , Hoshino Tetsuya , Boku Keishun , Hiraya Daigo , Inoue Yoshiaki
Published: August 2020

Background

Hypernatremia due to salt poisoning is clinically rare and standard care procedures have not been established. We report a case of salt poisoning due to massive intake of seasoning soy sauce.

Case Presentation

A 40‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency department with seizures and remarkable hypernatremia with a serum sodium concentration of 183 mEq/L. The initial brain computed tomography scan showed brain shrinkage, which could occur during the acute phase of hypernatremia. We reduced her serum sodium level rapidly, rather than at the recommended slow rate. On day 3, the patient’s brain computed tomography scan showed widespread low‐density areas and edema. The patient died 8 days after admission.

Conclusion

After reviewing instances of resuscitation following salt intoxication, aggressive rapid correction of serum sodium concentration should only be considered in acute phases of hypernatremia within a few hours from ingestion, and 2–3 h could be one of the criteria.
Impact of fecal short‐chain fatty acids on prognosis in critically ill patients
Authors: Nakahori Yasutaka , Shimizu Kentaro , Ogura Hiroshi , Asahara Takashi , Osuka Akinori , Yamano Shuhei , Tasaki Osamu , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Shimazu Takeshi
Published: August 2020

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fecal organic acids and mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods

This retrospective study included 128 patients who fulfilled the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and had a serum C‐reactive protein level of greater than 10 mg/dL. Patients were treated in the intensive care unit for more than 2 days. Patients were divided into two groups: survivors and non‐survivors. We measured and compared eight kinds of fecal organic acids between the two groups. We focused on the minimum and maximum value of each fecal organic acid and evaluated prognostic factors by using classification and regression tree (CART) and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

We included 90 patients as survivors and 38 as non‐survivors. The CART analysis revealed that the dominant factors for mortality were the minimum values of propionate and acetate and the maximum values of lactate and formic acid. In the evaluation of the minimum values of fecal organic acids, propionate was significantly associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 0.11 [95% confidence interval, 0.024–0.51]; P = 0.005), acetate (0.047 [0.005–0.49]; P = 0.01), and age (1.048 [1.015–1.083]; P = 0.004). In the evaluation of the maximum values, lactate was significantly associated with increased mortality (5.21 [2.024–13.42], P = 0.001) and age (1.050 [1.017–1.084]; P = 0.003).

Conclusion

An altered balance of fecal organic acids was significantly associated with mortality in critically ill patients.
Bright Infrared‐to‐Ultraviolet/Visible Upconversion in Small Alkaline Earth‐Based Nanoparticles with Biocompatible CaF2 Shells
Authors: Fischer Stefan , Siefe Chris , Swearer Dayne F. , McLellan Claire A. , Alivisatos A. Paul , Dionne Jennifer A.
Published: August 2020

Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising candidates for photon‐driven reactions, including light‐triggered drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and photocatalysis. Herein, we investigate the NIR‐to‐UV/visible emission of sub‐15 nm alkaline‐earth rare‐earth fluoride UCNPs (M1−xLnxF2+x, MLnF) with a CaF2 shell. We synthesize 8 alkaline‐earth host materials doped with Yb3+ and Tm3+, with alkaline‐earth (M) spanning Ca, Sr, and Ba, MgSr, CaSr, CaBa, SrBa, and CaSrBa. We explore UCNP composition, size, and lanthanide doping‐dependent emission, focusing on upconversion quantum yield (UCQY) and UV emission. UCQY values of 2.46 % at 250 W cm−2 are achieved with 14.5 nm SrLuF@CaF2 particles, with 7.3 % of total emission in the UV. In 10.9 nm SrYbF:1 %Tm3+@CaF2 particles, UV emission increased to 9.9 % with UCQY at 1.14 %. We demonstrate dye degradation under NIR illumination using SrYbF:1 %Tm3+@CaF2, highlighting the efficiency of these UCNPs and their ability to trigger photoprocesses.
Selective Hydroperoxygenation of Olefins Realized by a Coinage Multimetallic 1‐Nanometer Catalyst
Authors: Moriai Tatsuya , Tsukamoto Takamasa , Tanabe Makoto , Kambe Tetsuya , Yamamoto Kimihisa
Published: August 2020

The science of particles on a sub‐nanometer (ca. 1 nm) scale has attracted worldwide attention. However, it has remained unexplored because of the technical difficulty in the precise synthesis of sub‐nanoparticles (SNPs). We recently developed the “atom‐hybridization method (AHM)” for the precise synthesis of SNPs by using a suitably designed macromolecule as a template. We have now investigated the chemical reactivity of alloy SNPs obtained by the AHM. Focusing on the coinage metal elements, we systematically evaluated the oxidation reaction of an olefin catalyzed by these SNPs. The SNPs showed high catalytic performance even under milder conditions than those used with conventional catalysts. Additionally, the hybridization of multiple elements enhanced the turnover frequency and the selectivity for the formation of the hydroperoxide derivative. We discuss the unique quantum‐sized catalysts providing generally unstable hydroperoxides from the viewpoint of the miniaturization and hybridization of materials.
Overcoming Fundamental Limitations in Adsorbent Design: Alkene Adsorption by Non‐porous Copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Parasar Devaborniny , Elashkar Ahmed H. , Yakovenko Andrey A. , Jayaratna Naleen B. , Edwards Brian L. , Telfer Shane G. , Dias H. V. Rasika , Cowan Matthew G.
Published: August 2020

Purifying alkenes from alkanes requires cryogenic distillation. This consumes energy equivalent to countries of ca. 5 million people. Replacing distillation with adsorption processes would significantly increase energy efficiency. Trade‐offs between kinetics, selectivity, capacity, and heat of adsorption have prevented production of an optimal adsorbent. We report adsorbents that overcome these trade‐offs. [Cu‐Br]3 and [Cu‐H]3 are air‐stable trinuclear complexes that undergo reversible solid‐state inter‐molecular rearrangements to produce dinuclear [Cu‐Br⋅(alkene)]2 and [Cu‐H⋅(alkene)]2. The reversible solid‐state rearrangement, confirmed in situ using powder X‐ray diffraction, allows adsorbent design trade‐offs to be overcome, coupling low heat of adsorption (−10 to −17 kJ mol−1alkene), high alkene:alkane selectivity (47; 29), and uptake capacity (>2.5 molalkene mol−1Cu3). Most remarkably, [Cu‐H]3 displays fast uptake and regenerates capacity within 10 minutes.
Lithium Nitrate Regulated Sulfone Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Fu Jiale , Ji Xiao , Chen Ji , Chen Long , Fan Xiulin , Mu Daobin , Wang Chunsheng
Published: August 2020

The electrolytes in lithium metal batteries have to be compatible with both lithium metal anodes and high voltage cathodes, and can be regulated by manipulating the solvation structure. Herein, to enhance the electrolyte stability, lithium nitrate (LiNO3) and 1,1,2,2‐tetrafuoroethyl‐2′,2′,2′‐trifuoroethyl(HFE) are introduced into the high‐concentration sulfolane electrolyte to suppress Li dendrite growth and achieve a high Coulombic efficiency of >99 % for both the Li anode and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes. Molecular dynamics simulations show that NO3− participates in the solvation sheath of lithium ions enabling more bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI−) to coordinate with Li+ ions. Therefore, a robust LiNxOy−LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is formed on the Li surface, suppressing Li dendrite growth. The LiNO3‐containing sulfolane electrolyte can also support the highly aggressive LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode, delivering a discharge capacity of 190.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C for 200 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 99.5 %.
Ag+‐Coupled Black Phosphorus Vesicles with Emerging NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging Performance for Cancer Immune‐Dynamic Therapy and Fast Wound Healing
Authors: Li Zhi , Fu Qinrui , Ye Jiamin , Ge Xiaoguang , Wang Jie , Song Jibin , Yang Huanghao
Published: August 2020

A silver‐ion‐coupled black phosphorus (BP) vesicle (BP Ve‐Ag+) with a second near infrared (NIR‐II) window photoacoustic (PA) imaging capability was firstly constructed to maximize the potential of BP quantum dot (QD) in deeper bioimaging and diversified therapy. The embedded Ag+ could improve the relatively large band gap of BP QD via intense charge coupling based on theoretical simulation results, subsequently leading to the enhanced optical absorption capability, accompanied with the occurrence of the strong NIR‐II PA signal. Guiding by NIR‐II PA bioimaging, the hidden Ag+ could be precisely released with the disassembly of Ve during photodynamic therapy process and captured by macrophages located in lesion region for arousing synergistic cancer photodynamic/Ag+ immunotherapy. BP Ve‐Ag+ can contrapuntally kill pathogenic bacteria and accelerate wound healing monitored by NIR‐II PA imaging.
Enantioselective Silylation of Aliphatic C−H Bonds for the Synthesis of Silicon‐Stereogenic Dihydrobenzosiloles
Authors: Yang Bo , Yang Wu , Guo Yonghong , You Lijun , He Chuan
Published: August 2020

A rhodium(I)‐catalyzed enantioselective silylation of aliphatic C−H bonds for the synthesis of silicon‐stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles is demonstrated. This reaction involves a highly enantioselective intramolecular C(sp3)−H silylation of dihydrosilanes, followed by a stereospecific intermolecular alkene hydrosilylation leading to the asymmetrically tetrasubstituted silanes. A wide range of dihydrosilanes and alkenes displaying various functional groups are compatible with this process, giving access to a variety of highly functionalized silicon‐stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
Electrochemically Induced Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Amorphous V2O5 for Superior Rate Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Deng Shenzhen , Yuan Zishun , Tie Zhiwei , Wang Changda , Song Li , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: August 2020

The electrochemical performance of vanadium‐oxide‐based cathodes in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) depends on their degree of crystallinity and composite state with carbon materials. An in situ electrochemical induction strategy was developed to fabricate a metal–organic‐framework‐derived composite of amorphous V2O5 and carbon materials (a‐V2O5@C) for the first time, where V2O5 is in an amorphous state and uniformly distributed in the carbon framework. The amorphous structure endows V2O5 with more isotropic Zn2+ diffusion routes and active sites, resulting in fast Zn2+ transport and high specific capacity. The porous carbon framework provides a continuous electron transport pathway and ion diffusion channels. As a result, the a‐V2O5@C composites display extraordinary electrochemical performance. This work will pave the way toward design of ZIB cathodes with superior rate performance.
Allosteric Inhibition of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease: Insights from Mass Spectrometry Based Assays**
Authors: El‐Baba Tarick J. , Lutomski Corinne A. , Kantsadi Anastassia L. , Malla Tika R. , John Tobias , Mikhailov Victor , Bolla Jani R. , Schofield Christopher J. , Zitzmann Nicole , Vakonakis Ioannis , Robinson Carol V.
Published: August 2020

The SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro) cleaves along the two viral polypeptides to release non‐structural proteins required for viral replication. MPro is an attractive target for antiviral therapies to combat the coronavirus‐2019 disease. Here, we used native mass spectrometry to characterize the functional unit of Mpro. Analysis of the monomer/dimer equilibria reveals a dissociation constant of Kd=0.14±0.03 μM, indicating MPro has a strong preference to dimerize in solution. We characterized substrate turnover rates by following temporal changes in the enzyme‐substrate complexes, and screened small molecules, that bind distant from the active site, for their ability to modulate activity. These compounds, including one proposed to disrupt the dimer, slow the rate of substrate processing by ≈35 %. This information, together with analysis of the x‐ray crystal structures, provides a starting point for the development of more potent molecules that allosterically regulate MPro activity.
Bis(silylene)‐Stabilized Monovalent Nitrogen Complexes
Authors: Yao Shenglai , Szilvási Tibor , Xiong Yun , Lorent Christian , Ruzicka Ales , Driess Matthias
Published: August 2020

The first series of bis(silylene)‐stabilized nitrogen(I) compounds is described. Starting from the 1,2‐bis(N‐heterocyclic silylenyl) 1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dedocaborane(12) scaffold 1, [1,2‐(LSi)2C2B10H10; L=PhC(NtBu)2], reaction with adamantyl azide (AdN3) affords the terminal N‐μ2‐bridged zwitterionic carborane‐1,2‐bis(silylium) AdN3 adduct 2 with an open‐cage dianionic nido‐C2B10 cluster core. Remarkably, upon one‐electron reduction of 2 with C8K and liberation of N2 and adamantane, the two silylene subunits are regenerated to furnish the isolable bis(silylene)‐stabilized NI complex as an anion of 3 with the nido‐C2B10 cluster cage. On the other hand, one‐electron oxidation of 2 with silver(I) yields the monocationic bis(silylene) NI complex 4 with the closo‐C2B10 cluster core. Moreover, the corresponding neutral NI radical complex 5 results from single‐electron transfer from 3 to 4.
Improvement of water barrier properties of soybean protein isolate films by poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) thin coating
Authors: Salgado Pablo R. , D'Amico David A. , Seoane Irene T. , Iglesias Montes Magdalena , Mauri Adriana N. , Cyras Viviana P.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this work was to study the preparation of bilayer films formed by soy protein isolate (SPI) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). This was done using the lowest possible concentration of PHB to improve the functionality of SPI films as food packaging or for agricultural uses, specially reducing their water vapor permeability (WVP). SPI films are environmentally friendly since they are biodegradable and come from renewable sources but they are brittle and have high water permeability. Even for the lowest concentration analyzed, PHB managed to form a homogeneous layer that successfully covered up the SPI film surface. All bilayers films showed a significant reduction of WVP of SPI films, and those with the highest PHB content showed the highest elastic Young's modulus and mechanical strength while maintaining a good elongation and low Tg value, similar to that of SPI. Despite of their hydrophobicity differences, a good adherence of both layers was achieved, which allowed to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of the SPI coated films with respect to films formed by both biopolymers separately. The combination of both SPI and PHB seems to be a good alternative to prepare a biodegradable material taking advantages of the best properties of each component.
Novel thiazole–pyrazolone hybrids as potent ACE inhibitors and their cardioprotective effect on isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction
Authors: You Hongwen , Su Xinyou , Su Guoying
Published: August 2020

A facile synthesis of a group of novel thiazole–pyrazolone hybrids and their investigation for angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition are reported in this study. These compounds were synthesized using a well‐known approach, based on the condensation of ethyl acetoacetate with thiazolylhydrazines, and characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The entire set of compounds displayed a moderate‐to‐excellent inhibitory activity against ACE. In particular, compound 4i was found to be the most potent ACE inhibitor and was further studied for cardioprotective effects against isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Compound 4i improved the cardiac function and prevented cardiac injury induced by ISO in Sprague Dawley rats. The levels of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines were also restored to near normal by 4i as compared with the ISO group. In the Western blot analysis, compound 4i prevented mitochondrial apoptosis after MI by downregulating the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax, with the upregulation of Bcl‐2, as compared with the ISO group.
‘Turn‐off’ fluorescence strategy for determination of hexavalent chromium ions based on copper nanoclusters
Authors: Cao Xueling , Bai Yageng , Liu Faxian , Li Fei , Luo Yanan
Published: August 2020

Cu nanoclusters (CuNCs) capped by tannic acid (TA) (CuNCs@TA) can be used as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for Cr(VI) detection. Therefore, a fluorescence detection method for Cr(VI) can be established according to the fluorescence quenching of CuNCs@TA that is caused immediately after the addition of Cr(VI). The fluorescence quenching efficiency of CuNCs@TA was linearly correlated with Cr(VI) concentration within the range 0.03–60 μM, and the detection limit for Cr(VI) was 5 nM. This method was demonstrated to be suitable for detecting Cr(VI) in actual water samples. We found that sodium thiosulfate (ST) can redox with Cr(VI) and therefore restore the fluorescence of CuNCs@TA. The mechanism of CuNCs@TA fluorescence quenching and enhancement by Cr(VI) and ST was investigated in detail. The ‘turn‐on’ fluorescent sensor is of practical significance and has broad application prospects.
Impact of time interval between multidisciplinary team meeting and intended pancreatoduodenectomy on oncological outcomes
Authors:   Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group, Steen M W , Rijssen L B , Festen S , Busch O R , Groot Koerkamp B , Geest L G , Hingh I H , Santvoort H C , Besselink M G , Gerhards M F
Published: August 2020

Background

Dutch guidelines indicate that treatment of pancreatic head and periampullary malignancies should be started within 3 weeks of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting. This study aimed to assess the impact of time to surgery on oncological outcomes.

Methods

This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of patients with pancreatic head and periampullary malignancies included in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients scheduled for pancreatoduodenectomy and who were discussed in an MDT meeting from May 2012 to December 2016 were eligible. Time to surgery was defined as days between the final preoperative MDT meeting and surgery, categorized in tertiles (short interval, 18 days or less; intermediate, 19–32 days; long, 33 days or more). Oncological outcomes included overall survival, resection rate and R0 resection rate.

Results

A total of 2027 patients were included, of whom 677, 665 and 685 had a short, intermediate and long time interval to surgery respectively. Median time to surgery was 25 (i.q.r. 14–36) days. Longer time to surgery was not associated with overall survival (hazard ratio 0·99, 95 per cent c.i. 0·87 to 1·13; P = 0·929), resection rate (relative risk (RR) 0·96, 95 per cent c.i. 0·91 to 1·01; P = 0·091) or R0 resection rate (RR 1·01, 0·94 to 1·09; P = 0·733). Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and a long time interval had a lower resection rate (RR 0·92, 0·85 to 0·99; P = 0·029).

Discussion

A longer time interval between the last MDT meeting and pancreatoduodenectomy did not decrease overall survival.
Hypoxic preconditioning ameliorated neuronal injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion by promoting neurogenesis
Authors: Huang Lu , Wan Yaqi , Dang Zhancui , Yang Peng , Yang Quanyu , Wu Shizheng
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Sequelae of stroke were mainly caused by neuronal injury. Oxygen is a key factor affecting the microenvironment of neural stem cells (NSCs), and oxygen levels are used to promote NSC neurogenesis. In this study, effects of intermittent hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on neurogenesis were investigated in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Methods

SD rats were used to establish the MCAO model. Nissl staining and Golgi staining were used to confirm the neuronal injury status in the MCAO model. Immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and qPCR were used to observe the effects of HPC on neurogenesis. At the same time, the hypothesis that HPC could affect proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration of NSC was verified in vitro.

Results

Hypoxic preconditioning significantly ameliorated the neuronal injury induced by MCAO. Compared with MCAO group, the dendrites, Edu+/SOX2+, Edu+/DCX+, Edu+/NeuN+, Edu+/GFAP+, and Edu+/Tubulin+ positive cells in the HPC + MCAO group exhibited significantly difference. Similarly, axonal and other neuronal injuries in the HPC + MCAO group were also ameliorated. In the in vitro experiments, mild HPC significantly enhanced the viability of NSCs, promoted the migration of differentiated cells, and reduced apoptosis.

Conclusions

Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.