bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGUPASAN KULIT BIJI DAN PEMBERIAN ATONIK TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH TANAMAN BADUNG (Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz.)
Authors: Srilaba Nyoman , Purba Jhon Hardy , Dewi Ida Ayu Sri Utami
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Rumah Agronet Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Panji Sakti, Jalan Bisma No. 22 Singaraja, pada ketinggian ± 100 m diatas permukaan laut pada bulan Juli – Oktober 2014. Penelitian ini memakai Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah berupa pengupasan kulit yang terdiri dari tiga cara yaitu tanpa pengupasan kulit biji (K0), pengupasan kulit biji hanya bagian punggung (bagian cembung) (K1), pengupasan seluruh kulit biji (K2). Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi atonik yang terdiri dari empat taraf, yaitu tanpa penggunaan atonik (0 ml/l) (A0), perendaman atonik dengan konsentrasi 1,25 ml/l (A1), perendaman atonik dengan konsentrasi 2,50 ml/l (A2), dan perendaman atonik dengan konsentrasi 3,75 ml/l (A3). Terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan, masing-masing diulang 3 kali, sehingga terdapat 36 perlakuan kombinasi perlakuan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 100 benih, sehingga keseluruhan terdiri dari 3600 benih. Pengamatan terhadap perkecambahan dilaksanakan setiap hari, sampai benih berumur 60 hari setelah tanam. Variabel yang diamati meliputi: penyerapan air (ml), benih mulai berkecambah (hst), akhir perkecambahan (hst), benih rusak (%), daya kecambah (%), daya tumbuh (%), tinggi kecambah (cm). Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pengupasan kulit biji dan pemberian atonik serta kombinasi pengupasan kulit biji dan pemberian atonik berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap variabel penyerapan air, benih mulai berkecambah, akhir perkecambahan, benih rusak, daya kecambah, dan tinggi kecambah. Perlakuan pengupasan kulit biji dan pemberian atonik berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya tumbuh, namun demikian kombinasi pengupasan kulit biji dan pemberian atonik berpengaruh tidak nyata
PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG SAPI DAN JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEDELAI (Glycine max L. Merrill) VARIETAS EDAMAME
Authors: Purba Jhon Hardy , Parmila I Putu , Sari Kadek Karimas
Published: February 2020

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk kandang sapi dan jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kedelai edamame dilaksanakan bulan Mei - Juli 2016 di Desa Joanyar, Kecamatan Seririt, Kabupaten Buleleng, pada ketinggian tempat ± 500 meter di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian lapang ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), terdiri dari dua faktor yang disusun secara faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian dosis pupuk kandang sapi yaitu: tanpa menggunakan pupuk kandang sapi, pemberian dosis pupuk kandang sapi 10 ton.ha-1, pemberian dosis pupuk kandang sapi 20 ton.ha-1, dan pemberian dosis pupuk kandang sapi 30 ton.ha-1. Faktor kedua adalah jarak tanam yaitu: menggunakan jarak tanam 40 x 10 cm, menggunakan jarak tanam 40 x 15 cm, dan menggunakan jarak tanam 40 x 20 cm. Dengan demikian terdapat 12 perlakuan kombinasi masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Pemberian pupuk kandang sapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah polong total per tanaman. Jumlah polong total per tanaman terbanyak diperoleh pada pemberian pupuk kandang sapi 30 ton.ha-1 yaitu 50,38 polong. Jarak tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah polong total per tanaman dengan penggunaan jarak 40 x 20 cm yaitu 50,78 buah. Interaksi antara dosis pupuk kandang sapi dan jarak tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,01) terhadap jumlah bintil akar total, dan persentase bintil akar efektir per tanaman.
PENGARUH JENIS MEDIA ORGANIK DAN KONSENTRASI ATONIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KAKAO (THEOBROMA CACAO L.)
Authors: Wahyuni Putu Sri , Suarsana Made , Mardana I Wayan Eka
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh macam media organik dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) Atonik terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao. Percobaan telah dilaksanakan di Desa Banyuning, Kecamatan Buleleng dengan ketinggian tempat ± 100 m dari permukaan laut. Percobaan berlangsung selama 3 bulan yaitu dari bulan Juni 2018 sampai dengan bulan September 2018. Rancangan percobaan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang tersusun secara factorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh atonik dan faktor kedua adalah macam media organik. Jenis media organik berpengaruh sangat nyata (p˂0,01) terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, berat basah akar, berat kering oven akar, berat basah batang, berat kering oven batang, berat basah daun, berat kering oven daun, berat basah total dan berat kering oven total. Jenis media organik dengan menggunakan campuran tanah+pasir+bokashi (M1) memberikan berat kering oven total tertinggi yaitu 2,39 g dibandingkan jenis media organik campuran tanah + pasir (M0) yaitu 2,16 g, media organik campuran tanah + pasir + sekam (M3) yaitu 1,92 g dan campuran tanah + pasir + pupuk kandang (M2). Pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh atonik berpengaruh sangat nyata (p˂0,01) terhadap berat kering oven total. Pemberian ZPT Atonik dengan konsentrasi 2 cc.l-1 memberikan berat kering oven total tertinggi yaitu 2,38 g. Interaksi antara macam media organik dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh atonik berpengaruh tidak nyata (p≥0,05) terhadap hampir semua variabel yang diamati, tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 28 hst dan 70 hst, diameter batang umur 28 hst dan berat kering oven daun. Berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang umur 42 hst dan 84 hst, dan berat kering oven akar.
ANTIOKSIDAN PADA MANGGA
Authors: Suwardike Putu , Rai I Nyoman , Dwiyani Rindang , Kriswiyanti Eniek
Published: February 2020

Mangga memiliki potensi sebagai sumber aktioksidan dengan mutu yang baik karena mengandung senyawa asam askorbat, karotenoid dan fenolik yang cukup tinggi. Bagian tanaman mangga yang diketahui menghasilkan antioksidan  antara lain daun, batang dan buahnya. Berbagai antioksidan baik dari kelompok fenolik maupun flavonoid merupakan senyawa metabolik sekunder.  Senyawa metablik sekunder secara umum dikenal sebagai senyawa kimia yang mempunyai kemampuan bioaktif sehingga banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional.  Artikel ini menelaah ragam dan potensi antioksidan pada mangga dan biosintesisnya pada mangga. Jenis dan potensi kandungan senyawa antioksidan pada mangga beragam menurut vaietas dan bagian tanaman. Biosintesis senyawa antioksidan pada mangga diperkirakan sama seperti pada tanaman lainnya, dimulai dari jalur sikhimate.
SAMPAH ORGANIK, KOMPOS, PEMANASAN GLOBAL, DAN PENANAMAN AGLAONEMA DI PEKARANGAN
Authors: Puger I Gusti Ngurah
Published: February 2020

Penumpukan sampah organik pada tempat penampungan akhir (TPA), sebetulnya menimbulkan masalah baru bagi masyarakat sekitarnya. Sampah organik dapat mengalami perubahan melalui dekomposisi anaerobik, sehingga menimbulkan bau busuk dan pelepasan gas metana (CH4) ke atmosfer. Gas CH4 pada lapisan stratosfer berperan sebagai gas rumah kaca (GRK) dan berefek pada munculnya pemanasan global. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengubahan sampah organik melalui cara yang ramah lingkungan. Pengubahan sampah organik melalui dekomposisi aerob dengan bantuan EM-4, dapat menghasilkan kompos dan pelepasan gas CO2 ke lapisan stratosfer. Gas CO2 yang lepas ke lapisan stratosfer, juga dapat berperan sebagai gas rumah kaca (GRK). Namun demikian, efek pemunculan pemanasan globalnya 21 kali lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan gas CH4. Untuk menanggulangi timbunan gas CO2 pada lapisan stratosfer, dapat dilakukan melalui penanaman aglaonema di pekarangan. Tanaman aglaonema merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat menyerap gas CO2 dalam jumlah yang tinggi.
IDENTIFIKASI PERUBAHAN FENOTIP PADI BERAS HITAM (Oryza sativa L.) var CEMPO IRENG HASIL PERLAKUAN KOLKISIN
Authors: Prabawa Putu Shantiawan , Purba Jhon Hardy
Published: February 2020

Penggunaan mutagen kimiawi kolkisin sebagai bahan untuk menginduksi poliplodi pada tanaman, memberikan peluang bagi peningkatan produksi beras hitam yang sampai saat ini produktivitasnya masih rendah. Hal ini berkaitan dengan banyaknya manfaat beras hitam untuk kesehatan, sehingga menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan konsumen. Perlakuan berbagai dosis kolkisin diharapkan mampu meningkatkan dosis gen, sehingga tanaman mimiliki penampilan dan produksi yang lebih baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan fenotip pada genotip padi beras hitam (Oryza sativa L.) var Cempo Ireng akibat perlakuan berbagai dosis kolkisin. Penelitian menggunakan desain petak tunggal dengan 4 perlakuan konsentrasi colchicine (0, 250, 500 dan 750 ppm) pada 2 genotipe padi beras hitam (Ungaran dan Cempo Ireng). Analisis data menggunakan independent t-test level signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan kolkisin dengan konsentrasi 750 ppm efektif dalam menginduksi mutasi sehingga menyebabkan perubahan fenotip pada sebagian besar karakter tanaman pada kedua genotip.
Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars
Authors: Silverberg Steven M. , Wisniewski John P. , Kuchner Marc J. , Lawson Kellen D. , Bans Alissa S. , Debes John H. , Biggs Joseph R. , Bosch Milton K. D. , Doll Katharina , Luca Hugo A. Durantini , Enachioaie Alexandru , Hamilton Joshua , Holden Jonathan , Hyogo Michiharu ,   The Disk Detective Collaboration
Published: February 2020

WISEA J080822.18–644357.3, an M star in the Carina association, exhibits extreme infrared excess and accretion activity at an age greater than the expected accretion disk lifetime. We consider J0808 as the prototypical example of a class of M star accretion disks at ages ≳20 Myr, which we call “Peter Pan” disks, because they apparently refuse to grow up. We present four new Peter Pan disk candidates identified via the Disk Detective citizen science project, coupled with Gaia astrometry. We find that WISEA J044634.16–262756.1 and WISEA J094900.65–713803.1 both exhibit significant infrared excess after accounting for nearby stars within the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) beams. The J0446 system has >95% likelihood of Columba membership. The J0949 system shows >95% likelihood of Carina membership. We present new Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph optical spectra of all four objects, showing possible accretion signatures on all four stars. We present ground-based and TESS light curves of J0808 and 2MASS J0501–4337, including a large flare and aperiodic dipping activity on J0808, and strong periodicity on J0501. We find Paβ and Brγ emission indicating ongoing accretion in near-IR spectroscopy of J0808. Using observed characteristics of these systems, we discuss mechanisms that lead to accretion disks at ages ≳20 Myr, and find that these objects most plausibly represent long-lived CO-poor primordial disks, or “hybrid” disks, exhibiting both debris and primordial-disk features. The question remains: why have gas-rich disks persisted so long around these particular stars?
Excitation Sources of Oscillations in Solar Coronal Loops: A Multi-wavelength Analysis
Authors: Conde C. Sandra M. , Jain Rekha , Jatenco-Pereira Vera
Published: February 2020

An investigation into the excitation sources of oscillations detected in a coronal loop structure is carried out using the images obtained with Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer (IRIS) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). A loop structure in the active region AR 11967 on 2014 January 28, oscillating in the vicinity of a strong eruption and an M3.6 class flare site, is clearly noticeable in SDO/AIA 171 Å images. We study in detail, the oscillations with detected periods between 4 and 13 minutes and their connection in IRIS SJI 1330 Å and SDO/AIA 1700 Å images; both of these wavelengths sample the lower parts of the solar atmosphere. The simultaneous presence of many oscillations in the region of interest in all three wavelength passbands suggest that these oscillations were excited in the lower-chromosphere–photosphere plasma connected to the loop structure and then propagated at higher heights. We further investigate the Doppler velocity measurements from the spectrograph snapshots in IRIS C ii 1336 Å, Si iv 1403 Å and Mg ii k 2796 Å. These show signatures of upflows in the vicinity of the loop structure’s endpoints estimated from 171 Å images. We suggest that some of the oscillations observed in AIA 171 Å have been triggered by plasma ejections and perturbations seen in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere. Based on the estimated phase speeds, the oscillations are likely to be slow magnetoacoustic in nature.
Retractions of research papers by authors from the Arab region (1998-2018)
Authors: Aldeen AlRyalat Saif , Azzam Muayad , Massad Abdallah , Alqatawneh Dana
Published: February 2020

Objective: To provide an overview of retractions of research papers contributed by authors from the Arab region.

Method: Papers in which the first author was affiliated to an Arabian country were selected from the Retraction Watch database covering the period 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2018. The retrieved records were divided into nine categories based on the reasons for retraction.

Results: The search yielded 322 retractions, and the most frequent reason for retraction was plagiarism (34.5%). The median time from publication to retraction was 14 (25%-75% percentile 5-30) months. The number of papers retracted each year as well as the number of papers published in a given year but subsequently retracted increased steadily over the 21 years. The proportion of retracted papers to the total number of published papers (0.17%) was higher than the global proportion and was the highest for Algeria (1%) and the lowest for Lebanon (0.03%). Of the countries within the Arab region, 12 out of 14 countries showed either plagiarism or duplication as the most common reason for retraction; however, the countries differed in terms of the number of retractions and the time from publishing to retraction.

Conclusion: Plagiarism was the most common cause of retraction in the Arab countries. The increase in the number of papers retracted each year was probably because searches now extend farther in the past, whereas the increase in the number of papers published in a given year but subsequently retracted can be attributed to the overall increase in the number of papers published.
Physiological performance by growth rate, pigment and protein content of the brown seaweed Sargassum filipendula (Ochrophyta: Fucales) induced by moderate UV radiation exposure in the laboratory
Authors: Polo Luz K. , Chow Fungyi
Published: February 2020

UV radiation is a factor affecting the distribution and physiology of photosynthetic organisms in an aquatic ecosystem. Studies with macroalgae indicate diverse biological disturbances in response to UV radiation. This work aimed to study sensitivity of the brown macroalga Sargassum filipendula exposed to UV radiation: PAR (control), PAR+UVA+UVB(++) and PAR+UVA(++)+UVB. Changes in the physiological parameters growth rate, total soluble proteins, photosynthetic pigments and the UV-vis absorbing compounds were analysed after T0, T4, T7 and T10 (days) of UV exposure. Physiological parameters showed little variation between treatments and over time, suggesting that moderate UV radiation doses could regulate resistance responses to re-establish the cellular homoeostasis condition through activation of an antioxidant defence system, such as an overproduction of phenolic compounds. Responses recorded in S. filipendula would be related to acclimation mechanisms against acute UV radiation stress, triggering resistance responses to avoid serious damage to the metabolic machinery, activating control systems to maintain hormesis, and homoeostasis of deleterious actions of reactive species, similar to the phenomenon known as preparation for oxidative stress. Finally, UV-visible absorption spectra showed absorption bands evidencing the presence of mainly UV-absorbing compounds with photoprotective function, such as phlorotannins, flavonoids and carotenoids, which could provide adaptive advantages for organisms exposed to UV radiation.
Mobile Game-Based Language Assessment
Authors: Delcker Jan , Ifenthaler Dirk
Published: February 2020

Abstract - The goal of this article is to provide insight into the design, development and evaluation of a game-based language assessment tool for tablets. The overall objective was to create a mobile application for practitioners in kindergarten, enabling these practitioners to gather relevant language data from children aged three to five. An automated analysis of the data provides information about the child’s language skills. If a need for support in language development can be found in the data, the application offers further possibilities how stakeholders can support a children’s learning process for the specific field of language. The main criteria for a successful development were the effective collection of relevant data, high usability for practitioners and appropriate usage of a game-based mobile application for young children.
Virtual Mathematics Kits (VMK): Connecting Digital Media to Mathematical Literacy
Authors: Pradana Lingga Nico , Sholikhah Octarina Hidayatus , Maharani Swasti , Kholid Muhammad Noor
Published: February 2020

Digital media is currently a trend in learning mathematics. However, digitalization of the media in primary mathematics education still at an introductory level. This study aims to determine students' mathematical literacy abilities, supported by digital media. The digital media used in this study was Virtual Mathematics Kits (VMK). This study involved 83 primary school students (45 intervention class; 28 non-intervention class) as participant of mathematical literacy training (6 weeks). Students' mathematical literacy evaluated by two section mathematical literacy test. This study revealed that mathematical literacy training led to improve mathematical literacy from both classes. However, mathematical literacy training with VMK aplication have better performance. This study shows that VMK as the digital media have big impact to support students' mathematical literacy abilities.
Nurse Physician Relations: A Qualitative Case Study in the Emergency Department of a Hospital in Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Demir Bayram , Kasapoğlu Aytül
Published: February 2020

In this qualitative study, physician-nurse relationships are examined under the light of existing literature by focusing on conflicts and their solutions at work. The main purpose of the study is to understand and interpret social relationships in one hospital organization in Turkey. According to focus group discussions, there are not only gender-based conflicts among physicians and nurses, but there are also conflicts due to the personal, professional, economic and gender-based inequalities of society. Therefore, psychological, cultural and structural factors play an important role, as do organizational and professional issues in the process of physician-nurse working relationships. Although in this study female physician-female nurse conflict challenged existing findings, nurses’ interventions with respect to physicians’ treatments and, thereby, ability to control power distribution, are also to be considered challenging findings.
The Production of the New Man Within the PKK
Authors: Grojean Olivier
Published: February 2020

Les chercheurs ont surtout analysé les théories de l’« Homme nouveau » en tant que composante idéologique des systèmes totalitaires. Fondée sur l’étude du Parti des Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK), la plus importante organisation du mouvement kurde de Turquie, cet article dépasse le cadre des idéologies d’Etat pour analyser les relations entre théories et pratiques, et pour évaluer les effets concrets de la doctrine de l’Homme nouveau sur les activistes du PKK. Cet article examine donc les discours politiques au sein du PKK afin de comprendre comment, au delà du marxisme et du nationalisme, s’est institutionnalisée une construction spécifique de l’Homme nouveau au sein de l’organisation. A cette fin, le parti a utilisé un certain nombre de dispositifs disciplinaires : l’autocritique a notamment joué un rôle très important dans toutes les branches de l’organisation. Evaluer l’efficacité de ces dispositifs est difficile, mais l’article suggère que l’étude des trajectoires biographiques des individus engagés permet de mieux comprendre pourquoi et surtout comment certains militants ont pu (ou pas) se conformer aux idéaux développés par le PKK.
The Armenian Genocide in the Kurdish Novel: Restructuring Identity through Collective Memory
Authors: Çelik Adnan , Öpengin Ergin
Published: February 2020

This article examines the recently increasing representation of the Armenian genocide and its aftermath in modern Kurdish literature in Turkey. This recent interest is argued to be nested within the “memory wave” in Turkey, but also motivated by both the pluralist ideological underpinnings of the dominant Kurdish movements in Turkey and a robust oral history transmission within Kurdish society. The memory of the genocide is shown to appear in Kurdish novels through a number of recurring themes, such as a nostalgic past cohabitation, Islamicized Armenians, and a redemptive continuity between Armenian and Kurdish suffering in consecutive decades. The article argues that the treatment of the genocide memory in Kurdish literature contributes to a wider-scale effort of establishing a non-negationist counter-memory, but that its potential for a genuine confrontation with the past is weakened by its selective treatment of the memory whereby issues of responsibility and guilt are often avoided.
Synthesis of MOF, MDA, PIM, MVC, and BCE Notations and Patterns
Authors: Zelinski Jaroslaw
Published: February 2020

Publications, including academic handbooks, contain numerous inconsistencies in the descriptions of applications of architectural methods and patterns hidden under the abbreviations such as MOF, MDA, PIM, MVC, BCE. An efficient analysis and the following software design, particularly when we are speaking of projects realized in large teams, requires standardization of the production process and the applied patterns and frameworks. This study attempted to sort out the system of notations describing this process and used to describe architectural patterns. Analysis of key notations—MOF and MDA, patterns MVC and BCE—was carried out, and a consistent system combining them into a whole was created.
Big Data Processing
Authors: Eyupoglu Can
Published: February 2020

Big data has attracted significant and increasing attention recently and has become a hot topic in the areas of IT industry, finance, business, academia, and scientific research. In the digital world, the amount of generated data has increased. According to the research of International Data Corporation (IDC), 33 zettabytes of data were created in 2018, and it is estimated that the amount of data will scale up more than five times from 2018 to 2025. In addition, the advertising sector, healthcare industry, biomedical companies, private firms, and governmental agencies have to make many investments in the collection, aggregation, and sharing of enormous amounts of data. To process this large-scale data, specific data processing techniques are used rather than conventional methodologies. This chapter deals with the concepts, architectures, technologies, and techniques that process big data.
Head circumference as a body weight predictor in a group of Sri Lankan adults
Authors: Ilayperuma I. , Nanayakkara B. C. I. J. , Prabodha L. P. L. B. , Kodikara S. K. Y. I. , Nanayakkara B. G. , Palahepitiya N. K.
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Accurate estimation of the body weight (BW) increases the safety and effectiveness of medical and pharmacological interventions. However, various situations make it difficult or even impossible to obtain a patient’s body weight. In those instances, the need for an alternate method of weight determination arises. Consequently, several studies have proposed obtaining BW through prediction formulas based on various anthropometric variables. Objective: Despite its’ potential practical utility, little is known concerning the relationship between head circumference (HC) and BW among the adult Sri Lankans. The goal of this study was to propose population and gender specific regression formula for BW estimation using HC. Material & method: Body weight and HC was recorded in a total of 156 cadavers: male: n=74; female: n=82. Subjects with any craniofacial deformities or neurological disorders were excluded from the study. Results: The mean BW (kg) (male: 53.78 ± 14.14; female: 47.91 ± 7.26) and HC (cm) (male: 54.09 ± 3.28; female: 52.88 ± 2.83) of the study subjects were found to be significantly different (P< 0.01) between the genders. Correlation coefficient between the BW and HC was statistically significant and positive in both males (0.745) and females (0.365) indicating a strong relationship between the two parameters. Linear regression formulae for the prediction of BW using the HC were derived as follows: male: 31.27 + 1.57 (HC); female: 53.09 + 1.91 (HC). Conclusion: Weight prediction equations that require a measuring tape as the only tool provides a practical alternative for the weight estimation of patients who are unable to walk due to various reasons. The use of anthropometric measurement such as HC is a simple, cost effective, non-invasive and objective method for BW prediction. Accurate prediction of a patient’s weight will in turn, reduce potential drug dosing errors that may occur when weight is estimated only by visual observation in emergency situations. Complementary studies are necessary to evaluate the applicability of these equations in other age groups too.
Impact of crash characteristics, safety accessories on injury patterns among motorcycle users attending Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Galle
Authors: Warushahennadi Janaki , Luwishewa Dhammi , Gamage Aravinda , De Silva Vijitha , Ambawatte H. C.
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Road traffic accidents involving motor cycles often results in severe morbidity and mortality. There has been a significant increase in incidences of motorcycle accidents in Sri Lanka in the recent past. This study was conducted to understand the different factors related to the motor cycles, users and the roads which determine the injury patterns on victims, who were presented to the Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Sri Lanka. Methods: This prospective analytical study was carried out among the motor cycle users admitted during the six months from January 2015. Results: A total of 272 patients (233 males) ranging in age from 6 months to 73 years (mean = 30 years) were included. Out of all patients 194 (71.3%) were riders. About 50.7% of the incidents happened during the daytime. Majority of patients had ridden classical motor cycles (66.2%) and 56.6% of all bicycles had a crash bar. About 9.9% of the victims were wearing full face helmets whereas 11.4% were without helmets. It is recorded that 51.5% of the incidents occurred in urban areas and 91.2% of accidents were on tarred roads. Majority incidences (82.4%) happened when it was not raining. Abrasions were the commonest (69.5%) injury and 47.1% of patients had injuries which fell in to Grievous Hurt Category according to the Penal Code of Sri Lanka. Wearing helmets is a protective factor from head injuries (p=0.020). Full face helmets provided protection from facial injuries than partial coverage helmets (p=0.037). Conclusions: Motor cycle users sustain different types of injuries and majority was Grievous Hurt category. Wearing helmets is a protective factor from head injuries andfull face helmets provided protection from facial injuries than normal helmets.
High-Dimensional Analysis of Postsplenectomy Peripheral Immune Cell Changes
Authors: Borgers Jessica S W , Tobin Richard P , Vorwald Victoria M , Smith Joshua M , Davis Dana M , Kimball Abigail K , Clambey Eric T , Couts Kasey L , McWilliams Jennifer A , Jordan Kimberly R , Torphy Robert J , Schulick Richard , McCarter Martin D
Published: February 2020

Although the consequences of splenectomy are well understood in mice, much less is known about the immunologic changes that occur following splenectomy in humans. We sought to characterize the circulating immune cell populations of patients before and after elective splenectomy to determine if these changes are related to postsplenectomy survival outcomes. Retrospective clinical information was collected from 95 patients undergoing elective splenectomy compared with 91 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). We further analyzed peripheral blood from five patients in the splenectomy group, collected before and after surgery, using single-cell cytometry by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We compared pre- and postsplenectomy data to characterize both the major and minor immune cell populations in significantly greater detail. Compared with patients undergoing a Whipple procedure, splenectomized patients had significant and long-lasting elevated counts of lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils. Cytometry by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the elevated lymphocytes primarily consisted of naive CD4+ T cells and a population of activated CD25+CD56+CD4+ T cells, whereas the elevated monocyte counts were mainly mature, activated monocytes. We also observed a significant increase in the expression of the chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR4 on several cellular populations. Taken together, these data indicate that significant immunological changes take place following splenectomy. Whereas other groups have compared splenectomized patients to healthy controls, this study compared patients undergoing elective splenectomy to those undergoing a similar major abdominal surgery. Overall, we found that splenectomy results in significant long-lasting changes in circulating immune cell populations and function.
Being differently abled: Disability through the lens of hierarchy of binaries and Bitso-lebe-ke Seromo
Authors: Leshota Paul L. , Sefotho Maximus M.
Published: February 2020

Background: Despite its acceptability, the term disability has not been able to shirk the sense of incompleteness, lack, deprivation and incapacitation embodied in the prefix ‘dis-’. The current wave of anti-discrimination on disability issues, calls for constant re-examination of the language and the appellations we use in respect of people with disabilities.Objectives: The aim of this study is to subject the term disability to some relevancy litmus test with a view to prevent it from acquiring Lyotard’s ‘grand narrative’ and to propose and argue for the term ‘differently abled’ because of its transformative and anti-discriminatory slant.Method: The study took the form of a literature review using the optic of Derrida’s hierarchy of binaries and the Sesotho proverb, ‘Bitso-lebe-ke seromo’, (A bad name is ominous) to explore the connotations of the term disability as a disenfranchising social construct.Results: Read through the lens of Derrida’s idea of difference, disability as a concept has no inherent meaning and its meaning derives from its being differentiated from other concepts. Viewed through the lens of Bitso-lebe-ke seromo and read in the context of its deep symbolical significance, the term disability holds immense spiritual power.Conclusion: The study concludes that the term disability or disabled is exclusionary, stigmatizing, and anti-transformational. As such it embodies imperfection, incapacitation and inferiority. Not only is it ominous, it places upon people with disability the perpetual mark of unattractiveness. Against this background the term differently abled seems to convey more empowering overtones than the term disability.
التغيرات المناخية والميزة النسبية في قطاع الثروة الحيوانية في مصر
Authors: خيرية عبدالفتاح عبدالعزيز خيرية عبدالفتاح عبدالعزيز
Published: February 2020

استهدفت هذه الدراسة قياس آثرالتغيرات المناخية على الميزة النسبية لقطاع الإنتاج الحيوانى في مصر.ولقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن مصر تتمتع بمزايا نسبية فى إنتاج لحوم الدواجن والبيض والأسماك والألبان لكنها لا تتمتع بميزة نسبية فى إنتاج مزارع تسمين العجول(البقر والجاموس) بسبب أن معظم المدخلات فى هذا القطاع وأهمها الأعلاف ـ مستوردة. وقد تبين أن الأبقار الأجنبية exotic Cow تتمتع بأعلى ميزة نسبية في إنتاج الألبان ، كما تتمتع أبقار الألبان البلدي native dairy Cow في نظم الانتاج التقليدية بميزه نسبية نتيجة لأن المنتجات الأخرى غير الالبان non-milk returns 45% من إجمالي العائد بسبب أن الأعلاف غير التقليدية الرخيصة تمثل المصدر الرئيسي للمنتجين . وفيما يتعلق بالإنتاج الداجن، فقد أظهرت الدراسة أن المزارع كبيرة السعة تتمتع بميزة نسبية أعلى من نظيرتها صغيرة السعة . وقد أظهرت الدراسة أيضا أن أكثر نظم الإنتاج تنافسية هي مزارع الدواجن كبيرة السعة ومزارع انتاج الألبان من الأبقار الأجنبية ، حيث قدر مؤشرتكلفة الموارد المحلية DRC بنحو0.23 و0.25 على الترتيب ، ويعزي ذلك بشكل رئيسي إلى أن أسعار المساواه لكل من البيض والألبان تكون غالبا ضعف أسعارها المحلية . كما اظهرت الدراسة أن مزارع إنتاج الأسماك تتمتع أيضا بميزة نسبية عالية إلى حد ما ، ويعزي ذلك الى ارتفاع معامل تحويل الغذاء في هذه المزارع. وبتطبيق تحليل الحساسية sensitivity analysis من خلال ثلاثة سيناريوهات أظهرت الدراسة أن إرتفاع تكلفة الوقود (السيناريو الاول) بسبب التغيرات المناخية المتوقعة سوف تؤدي الى انخفاض المزايا النسبية في النظم الانتاجية ، المختلفة بنسب تتراوح 0.10%( مزارع إنتاج الألبان من الأبقار الأجنبية ) و 43.8% ( مزارع انتاج البدارى ذات السعات الصغيرة ). كما اظهرت الدراسة ان ارتفاع تكلفة الاعلاف (السيناريو الثاني) سوف تؤدي الى انخفاض المزايا النسبية في النظم الإنتاجية المختلفة بنسب تتراوح بين 2.5% ( مزارع تسمين الجاموس ) الى 33.7% ( مزارع انتاج البداري ذات السعات الصغيرة). واخيرا اظهرت الدراسة ان تحسين الانتاجية ( السيناريو الثالث ) سوف تؤدي إلى إرتفاع الميزة النسبية في النظم الإنتاجية المختلفة بنسب مختلفة تتراوح بين %5.5 ( مزارع إنتاج الإسماك ) و % 21.4 ( مزارع إنتاج البدارى ذات السعات الصغيرة ) وذلك فيما عدا تسمين عجول الجاموس ، حيث أظهرت الدراسة أن مصر مازالت لا تتمتع فيها بميزة نسبية حتى فى ظل افتراض تحسين مستوى الإنتاجية .
المسؤولية الاجتماعية للقطاع الخاص تجاه العاملين دراسة ميدانية مطبقة على عينة من المنشآت الصناعية بمدينة جدة
Authors: مشبب بن غرامة الأسمري مشبب بن غرامة الأسمري
Published: February 2020

يلعب القطاع الخاص دورا رئيسيا وهاما في عملية التشغيل والتنمية انطلاقا من الرؤية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وهي إيجاد قطاع رائد وفعال ذو قدرة تنافسية عالية يعمل كمولد رئيسي للدخل، وقادر على توفير فرص العمل المجزية للمواطنين، ويتحمل مسؤولياته الاجتماعية تجاه المجتمع. ومع ازدياد القناعة بضرورة أن يلعب القطاع الخاص دورا مهما في العملية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، فان هذا يترتب عليه مسئوليات اجتماعية تجاه المجتمعات على المستوى الوطني والإقليمي، وتجاه المستهلكين والعاملين على المستوى المحلي، ولذا فإن على القطاع الخاص أن يقابل ما يتوقع منه؛ وذلك من خلال تقديم المثل الأعلى للإدارة الرشيدة والشفافة، ومراعاة عدم الإضرار بالبيئة وصحة العاملين والمستهلكين، واحترام حقوق المستخدمين، وزيادة معارفهم وخبراتهم، فضلا عن القيام بدفع ما يترتب عليه من مستحقات، إضافة إلى العمل على احترام الأنظمة والقوانين. والدراسة الحالية تسعى للتعرف على واقع المسؤولية الاجتماعية للشركات على المستوى المحلي تجاه العاملين بها، وما يمثله ذلك الواقع من سلبيات وايجابيات؛ وذلك من خلال مجموعة من الأهداف والتساؤلات التي تبنتها الدراسة. والدراسة تعد من الدراسات الوصفية التحليلية باستخدام طريقة المسح الاجتماعي بالعينة والممثلة في فئات العاملين (300 مفردة)، والقيادات (100 مفردة) لعينة من المنشآت الصناعية بمدينة جدة، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على الاستبانة كأداة رئيسية في البحث، إضافة إلى ملاحظة وتدوين واقع السلوك الإداري والعلاقات الإنسانية في مجال العمل أثناء الزيارات الميدانية لجمع بيانات الدراسة، وكذلك المقابلات المقننة وشبة المقننة لعينة من الخبراء والمختصين في المجال الصناعي للقطاع الخاص. ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت لها الدراسة: أن هناك وعى لدى فئات العاملين والقيادات بأهمية المسؤولية الاجتماعية، واعتماد القيادات على بعض الوسائل والأساليب في تلبية احتياجات الفئات العمالية، إضافة إلى وجود بعض الخدمات التي يقدمها القطاع الخاص للفئات العمالية، ومع أنه تبين ارتفاع مستوى الاهتمام بالمسؤولية الاجتماعية، إلا أن بعض النتائج قد لا تعكس تأثير ذلك في الواقع العملي لتلك المنشآت، وقد يرجع ذلك إلى وجود بعض المعوقات التي تواجه القطاع الخاص في تحقيق مسؤوليته الاجتماعية تجاه الفئات العمالية، ومنها؛ تعامل بعض المنشآت بطرق غير إنسانية مع بعض العاملين، عدم إيمان بعض الإدارات بحقوق بعض العاملين، وجود العمالة الزائدة عن احتياج المنشأة مع الاعتماد على العمالة الموسمية (المؤقتة)، تدني مستوى التعاون والانسجام بين العاملين ببعض المنشآت، التجمعات العمالية غير الرسمية، مع تراخى بعضهم في أداء الحد الإنتاجي المطلوب منهم، إضافة إلى ما تبين من قلة الإمكانيات التي تساعد على تطوير الموارد البشرية.
Shakespeare in the Theatre: Yukio Ninagawa
Authors: Hanratty Conor
Published: February 2020

Yukio Ninagawa (1935–2016) was Japan's foremost director of Shakespeare whose productions were acclaimed around the world. His work was lauded for its spectacular imagery, its inventive use of Japanese iconography and its striking fusion of Eastern and Western theatre traditions.

Over a career spanning six decades, Ninagawa directed 31 of Shakespeare's plays, many of them, including Hamlet, on multiple occasions. His landmark productions of Macbeth, The Tempest, Hamlet, Pericles, Twelfth Night and Cymbeline became seminal events in world Shakespeare production during the last 30 years.

This is the first English-language book dedicated exclusively to his work. Featuring an overview of the extraordinary number of Shakespeare plays he directed, this study considers both his Shakespearean work and his productions of Greek tragedy, including Oedipus The King and his landmark production of Medea in 1978. His productions of Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, Macbeth and the eight productions of Hamlet which he directed all receive close attention. The volume closes with a detailed analysis of the Sai-no-Kuni Shakespeare Series - in which he set out to stage all of Shakespeare’s plays in his hometown of Saitama, north of Tokyo. Written by Conor Hanratty, who studied with Ninagawa for over a year, it offers a unique and unprecedented glimpse into the work and approach of one of the world’s great theatre directors.
Proxy surrogate reconstructions for Europe and the estimation of their uncertainties
Authors: Bothe Oliver , Zorita Eduardo
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Combining proxy information and climate model simulations reconciles
these sources of information about past climates. This, in turn,
strengthens our understanding of past climatic changes. The analogue or
proxy surrogate reconstruction method is a computationally cheap data
assimilation approach, which searches in a pool of simulated climate
states the best fit to proxy data. We use the approach to reconstruct
European summer mean temperature from the 13th century until present
using the Euro 2k set of proxy records and a pool of global climate
simulation output fields. Our focus is on quantifying the uncertainty of
the reconstruction, because previous applications of the analogue method
rarely provided uncertainty ranges. We show several ways of estimating
reconstruction uncertainty for the analogue method, which take into
account the non-climate part of the variability in each proxy record. In general, our reconstruction agrees well at multi-decadal
timescales with the Euro 2k reconstruction, which was conducted with two
different statistical methods and no information from model simulations.
In both methodological approaches, the decades around the year 1600 CE were
the coldest. However, the approaches disagree on the warmest
pre-industrial periods. The reconstructions from the analogue method also
represent the local variations of the observed proxies.
The
diverse uncertainty estimates obtained from our analogue approaches can
be locally larger or smaller than the estimates from the Euro 2k effort.
Local uncertainties of the temperature reconstructions tend to be large
in areas that are poorly covered by the proxy records. Uncertainties
highlight the ambiguity of field-based reconstructions constrained by a
limited set of proxies.
Changes in the future summer Mediterranean climate: contribution of teleconnections and local factors
Authors: Barcikowska Monika J. , Kapnick Sarah B. , Krishnamurty Lakshmi , Russo Simone , Cherchi Annalisa , Folland Chris K.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study analyzes future climate for the Mediterranean region projected
with the high-resolution coupled CM2.5 model, which incorporates a new and
improved land model (LM3). The simulated climate changes suggest pronounced
warming and drying over most of the region. However, the changes are
distinctly smaller than those of the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble. In
addition, the changes over much of southeast and central Europe indicate
very modest warming compared to the CMIP5 projections and also a tendency toward wetter conditions. These differences indicate a possible role of factors such as land surface–atmospheric interactions in these regions. Our analysis also highlights the importance of correctly projecting the magnitude of changes in the summer North Atlantic Oscillation, which has the capacity to partly offset anthropogenic warming and drying over the western and central Mediterranean. Nevertheless, the projections suggest a decreasing influence of local atmospheric dynamics and teleconnections in maintaining the regional temperature and precipitation balance, in particular over arid regions like the eastern and southern Mediterranean, which show a local maximum of warming and drying. The intensification of the heat low in these regions rather suggests an increasing influence of warming land surface on the local surface atmospheric circulation and progressing desertification.
Resolved stress analysis, failure mode, and fault-controlled fluid conduits in low-permeability strata
Authors: Ferrill David A. , Smart Kevin J. , Morris Alan P.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Failure behaviour can strongly influence deformation-related changes in volume, which is critical in the formation of fault and fracture porosity and conduit development in low permeability rocks. This paper explores the failure modes and deformation behaviour of faults within the mechanically layered Eagle Ford Formation, an ultra-low permeability self-sourced oil and gas reservoir and aquitard exposed in natural outcrop in southwest Texas, USA. Particular emphasis is placed on analysis of the relationship between slip versus opening along fault segments, and the associated variation in dilation tendency versus slip tendency. Results show that the failure mode and deformation behaviour (dilation versus slip) relate in predictable ways to the mechanical stratigraphy, stress field, and specifically the dilation tendency and slip tendency. We conclude that dilation tendency versus slip tendency patterns on faults and other fractures can be analysed using detailed orientation or structural geometry data and stress information, and employed predictively to interpret deformation modes and infer volume change and fluid conduit versus barrier behaviour of structures.
Cultural and Emotional Intelligence: It’s Role in the Cross-Cultural Adjustment of Filipino Expatriates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Dinglasa Ramil A.
Published: February 2020

With the rise of globalization, labor migration is estimated to increase in the future as developed countries will experience shortages in skills of certain age brackets of the working population, thus, requiring more migrant labor in order to address this gap. Filipinos represent a considerable number of expatriates around the world. By 2018, there were 2.3 million Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW), and 24.3 % (558,900) of them worked in Saudi Arabia. These expatriates pursue economic opportunities in the Kingdom due to better job prospects and higher earning potential despite the cross-cultural adjustment challenges. This study aims to explore the influence of Cultural and Emotional intelligence in the cross-cultural adjustment of Filipino expatriates in Saudi Arabia. A survey was conducted on 483 male OFWs, both descriptive and correlational research methods were used to test the hypotheses. Correlation results showed the significant positive associations with moderately strong correlations between cultural intelligence (CQ) and the cross-cultural adjustment of Filipino expatriates in Saudi Arabia. Behavioral and motivational CQ could significantly predict the cross-cultural adjustment of Filipino expatriates. Emotional intelligence (EQ) and the expatriate Filipino’s cross-cultural adjustment in Saudi Arabia showed significant association, with Appraisal and Recognition of Emotion in Others as its strongest predictor. The Filipino expatriates’ status, first time or seasoned, significantly moderated the association between EQ factors and their cross-cultural adjustment degree. This study suggests that high CQ and EQ levels along with previous experience with the host country could serve well as important considerations in international careers. This paper contributes a new perspective to the literature on Filipino expatriate management and cross-cultural adjustment.
Nicaragua garantiza tutela efectiva de los derechos fundamentales a miembros más vulnerables de la familia
Authors: Silva Moncada Julissa
Published: February 2020

La constitución política de Nicaragua como norma fundamental de la nación, en este sentido es la llamado a determinar de manera general la forma como se tutelarán los derechos y garantías preceptuadas a favor de los miembros más vulnerables del núcleo familiar, la tarea de hacer vida las disposiciones constitucionales le corresponde a las leyes ordinarias, en este caso hacemos referencia al código de familia vigente y los instrumentos internacionales suscritos por Nicaragua los que una vez ratificado por el poder legislativo adquieren carácter vinculante y son susceptible de ser invocados por las personas que consideren que sus derechos y garantías en materia de familia les están siendo lesionados. Es sumamente importante reflexionar acerca del grado de conocimiento que sobre el tema tienen las personas y sobre la beligerancia con que se da respuesta las necesidades que en materia de familia tiene la población.
MULTISCALE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN URBAN TOPOCLIMATE
Authors: Rocha Ângela Fátima da , Silva Ernany Paranaguá da , Mussis Carlo Ralph De , Gomes Raphael De Souza Rosa , Neves Geraldo Aparecido Rodrigues , Nogueira Marta Cristina Albuquerque
Published: February 2020

Climate is a complex system subject to much natural and anthropogenic interference. Urban microclimates and topoclimates need effective methodologies to localize coexisting phenomena, including multiscale approaches that demonstrate their relational character. Air temperature, air relative humidity, and wind are microclimatic variables that can be evaluated with respect to their qualitative energy flow characteristics. The technical performance of this monitoring depends on a good estimate of the statistics of the digital signal assessed, which in turn represents greater care in the management and implementation of structural change indicators derived from frequency-domain modeling. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the power spectra of the air temperature, air relative humidity and wind data series using the traditional Morlet Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and the Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT), with Wavelet Coherence (WC) analysis. The daily, monthly and annual scales were studied, and the results demonstrated significant interrelationships between the variables. The WC values found were validated by the Monte Carlo method, scalograms and spectrograms, representing seasonal and daily cycle frequencies. The urban fractions presented behavior in accordance with the seasonality of tropical climates of the Cerrado, as well as of interference of the urban roughness. The CWT, XWT and WC tools are adequate for urban monitoring and planning analyses, qualitatively reflecting the urban dynamics of microenvironments