bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo Generation of Genetically Modified Macrophages from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Ackermann Mania , Kuhn Alexandra , Kunkiel Jessica , Merkert Sylvia , Martin Ulrich , Moritz Thomas , Lachmann Nico
Published: May 2017

Background: Pluripotent stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have the capacity to differentiate towards all three germ layers and have been highlighted as an attractive cell source for the field of regenerative medicine. Thus, stable expression of therapeutic transgenes in iPSCs, as well as thereof derived progeny of hematopoietic lineage, may lay the foundation for innovative cell replacement therapies. Methods: We have utilized human iPSC lines genetically modified by lentiviral vector technology or targeted integration of reporter genes to evaluate transgene expression during hematopoietic specification and differentiation towards macrophages. Results: Use of lentiviral vectors equipped with an ubiquitous chromatin opening element (CBX3-UCOE) as well as zinc finger nuclease-mediated targeting of an expression cassette into the human adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) safe harbor resulted in stable transgene expression in iPSCs. When iPSCs were differentiated along the myeloid pathway into macrophages, both strategies yielded sustained transgene expression during the hematopoietic specification process including mature CD14+ and CD11b+ macrophages. Conclusion: Combination of human iPSC technology with either lentiviral vector technology or designer nuclease-based genome editing allows for the generation of transgenic iPSC-derived macrophages with stable transgene expression which may be useful for novel cell and gene replacement therapies.
Craugastor escoces (Anura: Craugastoridae) reappears after 30 years: rediscovery of an “extinct” Neotropical frog
Authors: Jiménez Randall , Alvarado Gilbert
Published: May 2017

We report the rediscovery of a declared extinct frog,Craugastor escoces, at the edge of a protected forest in the Juan Castro Blanco National Park, Alajuela, Costa Rica. This species, which is endemic to Costa Rica, had not been observed since 1986. The rediscovery of this species comes after 30 years without being seen and 12 years of being declared extinct. The site where we found the species is located in the west of the central mountain region of Costa Rica, which is >15 km away from its known distribution. Our finding adds another species to the list of the few rediscovered frogs declared extinct. Knowing thatC. escocescan still be found triggers the need for conservation strategies to help the species survive.
The Problem with “Waves”
Authors: Hutchinson Mark
Published: May 2017

This article explores the problem of using a heuristic such as “waves” to organize historical accounts of pentecostal and charismatic movements. By looking closely at the rise of Italian Pentecostalism and its co-location with multiple sources of revivalism and denominational formation, it seeks to demonstrate that “network” approaches to modelling pentecostal emergence are a more accurate form of heuristic. In the case study, much material not previously made available in English is used, demonstrating the linguistic, cultural, and temporal/ geographic limitations of “wave” theory.
Spirited Conversation about Hermeneutics
Authors: Archer Kenneth J.
Published: May 2017

This article provides a critical assessment of Craig S. Keener’s Spirit Hermeneutics: Reading Scripture in the Light of Pentecost. It raises concerns regarding Keener’s commitment to grammatico-historical exegesis and questions whether pentecostal hermeneutics would not be better served by deconstructing the objective/subjective dichotomy that is prevalent in evangelical hermeneutics. A hermeneutical theory free from this dichotomy would coalesce nicely with postcolonial readings and with Keener’s own anecdotal testimonies of pentecostal and charismatic experiences. Lastly, the practice of principlizing the text is interrogated.
The Isolation of Chinese Migrants in Eastern Europe (东欧华人移民的隔离)
Authors: Liu (刘佩伦) Amy H.
Published: May 2017

Eastern Europe has witnessed an influx of Chinese newcomers. Yet this region is often-overlooked by scholars of overseas Chinese. Similarly, the Chinese remain largely absent from European migration studies. In the work that has been done, the Chinese are often depicted as a community that keeps to itself. I examine this claim by highlighting the results of surveys conducted in Bulgaria, Croatia, and Hungary. These surveys, the largest ever done in each country, focus on three broad explanations for why the Chinese seem to be isolated, which I summarize as “need not, want not, and cannot.” The results identify significant differences between the three communities — but not because of want. Instead, the community in Hungary is the least isolated because it needs to interact with the locals; conversely, the community in Bulgaria is the most isolated because of the barriers its members face in the host country. This essay calls attention to the Chinese in European migration studies and to the region of Eastern Europe among overseas Chinese scholars.

近年来，东欧已然成为华人移民的新大陆，此区域却普遍被海外华人学者所忽略；而华人移民议题亦不是欧洲移民研究的重心，现有的研究更常将华人描绘成一个与世隔绝的社群。在此研究中，笔者将透过分析保加利亚、克罗地亚以及匈牙利三国史上最大规模的调查资料来检视此一主张。这些调查为华人移民社群的孤立现象提供了三种解释：不需要、不想要、以及无法融入当地社群。分析结果显示，虽然三个华人社群的隔离因素有显著差异，但「不想要」与华人社群孤立现象并无因果关系。三国之中，以匈牙利的华人社群因需要和当地人互动因而孤立程度最低；保加利亚的华人社群则由于重重障碍导致孤立程度最高。本文建议欧洲移民研究应多关注华人移民议题，海外华人学者亦应多聚焦于东欧区域的移民问题。

This article is in English.
Chinese Migration to Portugal (葡萄牙中国移民)
Authors: Gaspar Sofia
Published: May 2017

The number of Chinese migrants settling in Portugal has been growing since the 1980s, and more rapidly since the turn of the century. However, studies focusing on these immigrants are still scarce and do not consider their diversity, including their different origins — essentially Macao, Mozambique, and China itself. The aim of this paper is to update the existing literature on Chinese migration to Portugal, particularly by looking at the immigrants’ diversity as a group (Macanese, Chinese Mozambicans, economic migrants, students, and business migrants). Additionally, data from the 2011 Census is analyzed for Chinese economic migrants in terms of the light it can shed on some dimensions related not only to their migratory paths, family contexts and labor market but particularly to their professional and economic strategies.

上个世纪八十年代以来，葡萄牙的华人人口不断增长，新千年初期尤其迅速。然而，学术界有关华人社会的研究仍然缺乏，并且未顾及华人社会的多元性。其实，生活在葡萄牙的华人源自澳门、莫桑比克和中国大陆。本文主要通过探视华人社会作为一个族裔群体所体现的多元性，更新有关旅葡华人的现有文献。通过分析2011年人口普查的有关数据，本文将对葡萄牙华人的移民途径、家庭背景和劳动市场，尤其是就业策略和经济策略，作出探讨。

This article is in English.
Roles of Streamwise and Transverse Partial-Vorticity Components in Steady Inviscid Isentropic Supercell-Like Flows
Authors: Davies-Jones Robert
Published: May 2017

Investigations of tornadogenesis in supercells attempt to find the origin of the tornado’s large vorticity by determining vorticity generation and amplification along trajectories that enter the tornado from a horizontally uniform unstable environment. Insights into tornadogenesis are provided by finding analytical formulas for vorticity variations along streamlines in idealized, steady, inviscid, isentropic inflows of dry air imported from the environment. The streamlines and vortex lines lie in the stationary isentropic surfaces so the vorticity is 2D. The transverse vorticity component (positive leftward of the streamlines) arises from imported transverse vorticity and from baroclinic vorticity accumulated in streamwise temperature gradients. The streamwise component stems from imported streamwise vorticity, from baroclinic vorticity accrued in transverse temperature gradients, and from positive transverse vorticity that is turned streamwise in cyclonically curved flow by a “river-bend process.” It is amplified in subsiding air as it approaches the ground. Streamwise stretching propagates a parcel’s streamwise vorticity forward in time. In steady flow, vorticity decomposes into baroclinic vorticity and two barotropic parts ωBTIS and ωBTIC arising from imported storm-relative streamwise vorticity (directional shear) and storm-relative crosswise vorticity (speed shear), respectively. The Beltrami vorticity ωBTIS is purely streamwise. It explains why abundant environmental storm-relative streamwise vorticity close to ground favors tornadic supercells. It flows directly into the updraft base unmodified apart from streamwise stretching, establishing mesocyclonic rotation and strong vortex suction at low altitudes. Increase (decrease) in storm-relative environmental wind speed with height near the ground accelerates (delays) tornadogenesis as positive (negative) ωBTIC is turned into streamwise (antistreamwise) vorticity within cyclonically curved flow around the mesocyclone.
Facebook addiction and loneliness in the post-graduate students of a university in southern India
Authors: Shettar Manoj , Karkal Ravichandra , Kakunje Anil , Mendonsa Rohan Dilip , Chandran VV Mohan
Published: May 2017

Background:

Facebook is a social networking site (SNS) for communication, entertainment and information exchange. Recent research has shown that excessive use of Facebook can result in addictive behavior in some individuals.

Aim:

To assess the patterns of Facebook use in post-graduate students of Yenepoya University and evaluate its association with loneliness.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done to evaluate 100 post-graduate students of Yenepoya University using Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) and University of California and Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale version 3. Descriptive statistics were applied. Pearson’s bivariate correlation was done to see the relationship between severity of Facebook addiction and the experience of loneliness.

Results:

More than one-fourth (26%) of the study participants had Facebook addiction and 33% had a possibility of Facebook addiction. There was a significant positive correlation between severity of Facebook addiction and extent of experience of loneliness ( r = .239, p = .017).

Conclusion:

With the rapid growth of popularity and user-base of Facebook, a significant portion of the individuals are susceptible to develop addictive behaviors related to Facebook use. Loneliness is a factor which influences addiction to Facebook.
The Comparative Politics of Colonialism and Its Legacies: An Introduction
Authors: De Juan Alexander , Pierskalla Jan Henryk
Published: May 2017

What are the causes and consequences of colonial rule? This introduction to the special issue “Comparative Politics of Colonialism and Its Legacies” surveys recent literature in political science, sociology, and economics that addresses colonial state building and colonial legacies. Past research has made important contributions to our understanding of colonialism’s long-term effects on political, social, and economic development. Existing work emphasizes the role of critical junctures and institutions in understanding the transmission of those effects to present-day outcomes and embraces the idea of design-based inference for empirical analysis. The four articles of this special issue add to existing research but also represent new research trends: increased attention to (1) the internal dynamics of colonial intervention; (2) noninstitutional transmission mechanisms; (3) the role of context conditions at times of colonial intervention; and (4) a finer-grained disaggregation of outcomes, explanatory factors, and units of analysis.
Part-Time Miners: Labor Segmentation and Collective Action in the Peruvian Mining Industry
Authors: Manky Omar
Published: May 2017

Over the past two decades, besides the transformation of the organizational structure of the mining industry, there has been a shift in the spatial organization of production, expressed by the replacement of mining towns with mining hotels. Two case studies in Peru show that these changes have produced new forms of labor segmentation affecting workers’ capacity to mobilize by turning those who are directly employed by the company into a minority. While subcontracted miners have managed to overcome organizational segmentation by organizing across companies, the spatial segmentation of the mining hotel model has made local coordination difficult. Workers are not, however, necessarily defeated, as greater spatial mobility may offer possibilities of networking with new actors.

En las últimas dos décadas, a la transformación de la estructura organizacional de las empresas mineras, cuya manifestación es la subcontratación laboral, se agrega el cambio en la organización espacial de la producción, expresada en el reemplazo del modelo de ciudad por hoteles mineros. Dos estudios de caso en Perú revelan que la segmentación organizacional reduce la capacidad de movilización porque vuelve a los trabajadores directamente empleados una minoría. Mientras la segmentación organizacional puede ser parcialmente superada a partir de la capacidad de los contratistas para coordinar acciones, un segundo tipo de segmentación, la espacial, dificulta coordinaciones a nivel local. Sin embargo, los obreros mineros no están necesariamente derrotados, pues su alta movilidad espacial podría traer la posibilidad de tender redes con actores transnacionales.
Distributed attitude coordination tracking control for spacecraft formation with time-varying delays
Authors: Zhu Zhihao , Guo Yu , Zhong Chenxing
Published: May 2017

To solve the problem of attitude synchronization for spacecraft formation with communication time-varying delays, this paper investigates a distributed attitude coordination tracking control strategy in which a directed graph contains a spanning tree with the leader as the root. Based on second-order consensus algorithm and graph theory, we propose a novel distributed attitude coordination control approach, which can regulate the attitude of spacecraft to a common time-varying reference states in case of time-varying delays. And the stability of the system is proved via Lyapunov Razumikhin theory. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Is a Computerized Adaptive Test More Motivating Than a Fixed-Item Test?
Authors: Ling Guangming , Attali Yigal , Finn Bridgid , Stone Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2017

Computer adaptive tests provide important measurement advantages over traditional fixed-item tests, but research on the psychological reactions of test takers to adaptive tests is lacking. In particular, it has been suggested that test-taker engagement, and possibly test performance as a consequence, could benefit from the control that adaptive tests have on the number of test items examinees answer correctly. However, previous research on this issue found little support for this possibility. This study expands on previous research by examining this issue in the context of a mathematical ability assessment and by considering the possible effect of immediate feedback of response correctness on test engagement, test anxiety, time on task, and test performance. Middle school students completed a mathematics assessment under one of three test type conditions (fixed, adaptive, or easier adaptive) and either with or without immediate feedback about the correctness of responses. Results showed little evidence for test type effects. The easier adaptive test resulted in higher engagement and lower anxiety than either the adaptive or fixed-item tests; however, no significant differences in performance were found across test types, although performance was significantly higher across all test types when students received immediate feedback. In addition, these effects were not related to ability level, as measured by the state assessment achievement levels. The possibility that test experiences in adaptive tests may not in practice be significantly different than in fixed-item tests is raised and discussed to explain the results of this and previous studies.
Seeing and Unmaking Civilians in Afghanistan
Authors: Wilke Christiane
Published: May 2017

While the distinction between civilians and combatants is fundamental to international law, it is contested and complicated in practice. How do North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) officers see civilians in Afghanistan? Focusing on 2009 air strike in Kunduz, this article argues that the professional vision of NATO officers relies not only on recent military technologies that allow for aerial surveillance, thermal imaging, and precise targeting but also on the assumptions, vocabularies, modes of attention, and hierarchies of knowledges that the officers bring to the interpretation of aerial surveillance images. Professional vision is socially situated and frequently contested with communities of practice. In the case of the Kunduz air strike, the aerial vantage point and the military visual technologies cannot fully determine what would be seen. Instead, the officers’ assumptions about Afghanistan, threats, and the gender of the civilian inform the vocabulary they use for coding people and places as civilian or noncivilian. Civilians are not simply “found,” they are produced through specific forms of professional vision.
Just another platform for television? The emerging web dramas as digital culture in South Korea
Authors: Kang Jennifer M
Published: May 2017

Web dramas, which are original serialized dramas that are released primarily on online platforms, are a recent development of digital content in South Korea. As web dramas are intended for mobile viewing environments, this study examines how distribution influenced this emerging form. Particularly, it argues for the consideration of the power of distribution, which does not happen as an afterthought or separate from other areas, but can wield influence on the production, finances, and other business practices of web dramas. Audiences are envisioned as viewing web dramas on the go, so web dramas were only several minutes per episode with simple storylines to maintain the audiences’ attention. The insufficient revenue policy of the existing platforms have led web dramas to seek other alternatives within traditional media structures, where they are positioned primarily as another platform for television industries to explore or rely on the branded entertainment strategy, catering to the business sponsors’ demands. In the recent times, newer platforms and production companies specializing in web dramas have appeared, and this article concludes that there is still the potential for web dramas to independently establish themselves as a new digital form in the future.
Performing disability in music teacher education: Moving beyond inclusion through expanded professionalism
Authors: Laes Tuulikki , Westerlund Heidi
Published: May 2017

Disability is a neglected field of diversity within music education scholarship and practices. The study reported in this article sought alternatives for the hierarchical practice-model and ableist discourses that have thus far pervaded music teacher education, through a reconceptualization of expertise. The focus is on a Finnish university special education course, where musicians with learning disabilities conducted workshops for student music teachers over three consecutive years. Student teachers’ written reflections ( n = 23) were reflexively analyzed in order to examine how performing disability may disrupt, expand, and regenerate normative discourses and transform inclusive thinking in music teacher education. Performing disability is here seen to generate critical discursive learning, and create third spaces for pedagogical diversity and the co-construction of professional knowledge. It is thus argued that through teaching with, and by, rather than about, we in music education may move beyond normalizing understandings and practices of inclusion, towards an expanded notion of professionalism.
Emotional intelligence in gifted students
Authors: Zeidner Moshe , Matthews Gerald
Published: May 2017

This article aims at shedding light on the emotional intelligence (EI) of gifted and high ability students. We begin by presenting a brief overview of EI theory and research and its relevance to gifted education. We then present theoretical considerations bearing on the nature of the relationship between cognitive and EI. This is followed by a survey of correlational and individual difference research bearing on the EI-high ability nexus. We then move on to present a number of general guidelines for the development of an EI training program designed to foster emotional and social competencies in gifted students. We conclude by offering some broad generalizations about EI in gifted students and point out the areas of needed future research.
The informal faces of the (neo-)ghetto: State confinement, formalization and multidimensional informalities in Italy’s Roma camps
Authors: Clough Marinaro Isabella
Published: May 2017

This article extends Wacquant’s theorization of how state institutions confine, control and punish racialized poor groups, arguing that a central modality for managing urban marginality occurs through institutional generation of and participation in spheres of informality. Focusing on Italy’s segregation of Roma in ‘neo-ghettos’, this study explores how Roma’s confinement has been produced and modulated through contradictory policies, their ambiguous implementation by meso-level actors, and Roma’s micro-level navigation of ensuing arrangements. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Rome, it traces how ambivalent formalization drives have bifurcated the city’s very diverse Roma populations into two main sociospatial configurations, surveillance-intensive ‘villages’ and unauthorized micro-encampments, producing intertwined informalities in housing and employment that reinforce power inequalities despite Roma’s attempts to exert some agency and autonomy through building social capital within and beyond their communities. Variable informalities thus emerge as a core dimension through which resources and constraints are selectively apportioned as techniques of governmentality implemented by different institutions and actors.
How long is sufficient for optimal neuroprotection with cerebral cooling after ischemia in fetal sheep?
Authors: Davidson Joanne O , Draghi Vittoria , Whitham Sean , Dhillon Simerdeep K , Wassink Guido , Bennet Laura , Gunn Alistair J
Published: May 2017

The optimal duration of mild “therapeutic” hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is surprisingly unclear. This study assessed the relative efficacy of cooling for 48 h versus 72 h. Fetal sheep (0.85 gestation) received sham ischemia (n = 9) or 30 min global cerebral ischemia followed by normothermia (n = 8) or delayed hypothermia from 3 h to 48 h (n = 8) or 72 h (n = 8). Ischemia was associated with profound loss of electroencephalogram (EEG) power, neurons in the cortex and hippocampus, and oligodendrocytes and myelin basic protein expression in the white matter, with increased Iba-1-positive microglia and proliferation. Hypothermia for 48 h was associated with improved outcomes compared to normothermia, but a progressive deterioration of EEG power after rewarming compared to 72 h of hypothermia, with impaired neuronal survival and myelin basic protein, and more microglia in the white matter and cortex. These findings show that head cooling for 48 h is partially neuroprotective, but is inferior to cooling for 72 h after cerebral ischemia in fetal sheep. The close association between rewarming at 48 h, subsequent deterioration in EEG power and increased cortical inflammation strongly suggests that deleterious inflammation can be reactivated by premature rewarming.
The Intergenerational Legacy of Genocidal Rape: The Realities and Perspectives of Children Born of the Rwandan Genocide Against the Tutsi
Authors: Denov Myriam , Woolner Leah , Bahati Jules Pacifique , Nsuki Paulin , Shyaka Obed
Published: May 2017

Brutal acts of sexual violence were documented on a mass scale during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. While existing scholarship on sexual violence has significantly increased our understanding of the challenges confronting survivors, gaps in knowledge remain regarding the lived experiences of children born of genocidal rape. This study sought to explore the realities and perspectives of children born of genocidal rape, and the existing opportunities and challenges they experienced in postgenocide Rwanda. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 60 participants born of genocidal rape in Rwanda. Findings highlight the key challenges that these youth face in the postgenocide context, including struggles with identity and belonging, ambivalence in the mother–child relationship, and a desire to learn of their biological origins and heritage. The findings suggest that children born of conflict-related sexual violence face a distinct set of challenges and needs that have yet to be formally addressed. Our findings highlight the need for the development of programs, policies, and services specific for this important, yet overlooked group of young people affected by armed conflict.
Violence Perpetrated by Mothers-in-Law in Northern India: Perceived Frequency, Acceptability, and Options for Survivors
Authors: Ragavan Maya , Iyengar Kirti
Published: May 2017

In India, physical and psychological abuse perpetrated by a mother-in-law against a daughter-in-law is well documented. However, there is a dearth of literature exploring the perceived frequency and acceptability of mother-in-law abuse or options available for survivors of this type of abuse. The goal of this qualitative study was to add to the in-law abuse literature by exploring men’s and women’s perspectives about physical and psychological abuse perpetrated by mothers-in-law against daughters-in-law in northern India. Forty-four women and 34 men residing in rural and urban areas of the Udaipur district in the northwest state of Rajasthan participated in semistructured interviews. Women, but not men, thought mother-in-law abuse was common in their communities. Psychological abuse was accepted in certain situations; however, few male or female participants agreed with physical mother-in-law abuse. Men were described as mediators in the context of mother-in-law abuse, and male participants thought that disrespecting a mother-in-law was a justifiable reason for a man to hit his wife. Both male and female participants described few options available for a woman experiencing mother-in-law abuse, apart from asking her husband to intervene or living as a separate, nuclear family. Grassroots initiatives and legislative policy should focus on addressing the immediate needs of women experiencing mother-in-law abuse and developing intergenerational interventions to educate men and women about the dynamics of law abuse.
The Association Between Depression and Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: A Nested Matched Case Control Study
Authors: McGuire Connor , Kristman Vicki L. , Martin Lynn , Bédard Michel
Published: May 2017

Objective: Determine association between depression and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the older adult home care population of Ontario, Canada (2003-2013). Method: A nested matched case control study was used, and data were retrieved for service users 65 years or older who received home care between 2003 and 2013. Incident TBI cases were matched to four controls by sex, age, and assessment date. Odds ratios and multivariable conditional logistic regression were completed. Results: 554,313 service users were included of which 5,215 (0.9%) had a TBI and 39,048 (7.0%) had depression. Fall history was an effect modifier. The association between depression and TBI was 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.93, 1.31]) for those without a history of falling, while for those with a history of falling it was 1.24 (95% CI = [1.03, 1.48]) after adjusting for education and Alzheimer’s disease. Discussion: Depression is associated with sustaining a TBI in those with a history of falling.
An interactive and immersive human–computer interface for rapid composite part production design
Authors: McConnell Roisin , Butterfield Joe , Rafferty Karen , Price Mark , Murphy Adrian , Burke Robert , Legg Adrian , Lemon Richard
Published: May 2017

This article addresses the need for better retention and exploitation of tacit knowledge for intelligent computer-aided design. It presents an automated design framework for the development of individual part forming tools for a composite stiffener incorporating parametrically developed design geometries. This work develops existing principles in knowledge-based engineering and parametric modelling beyond product design in the manufacturing planning domain. Outcomes demonstrate chronological benefits of automated process design methods as well as learning enhancements as the tacit knowledge data set can now include an applied element through an auto-generated virtual build environment. A virtual environment presenting a design concept to the planner for interactive assembly assessment was generated in twenty seconds and enabled the completion of virtual builds in support of the development of an optimal forming tool arrangement. This principle enables the addition of an experiential tacit knowledge feedback loop to further improve assembly planning for design concepts as they evolve. Challenges still exist in determining the level of reality required to provide an effective learning environment in the virtual world. Full representation of physical phenomena such as gravity, part clashes and the representation of standard build functions require further work to represent real physical phenomena robustly.
Control-oriented turbine power model for a variable-geometry turbocharger
Authors: Zeng Tao , Zhu Guoming G
Published: May 2017

A control-oriented model for the variable-geometry turbocharger is critical for model-based variable-geometry turbocharger control design. Typically, the variable-geometry turbocharger turbine power is modeled with a fixed mechanical efficiency of the turbocharger on the assumption of an isentropic process. The fixed-efficiency approach is an oversimplification and may lead to modeling errors because of an overpredicted or underpredicted compressor power. This leads to the use of lookup-table-based approaches for defining the mechanical efficiency of the turbocharger. Unfortunately, since the vane position of a variable-geometry turbocharger introduces a third dimension into these maps, real-time implementation requires three-dimensional interpolations with increased complexity. Map-based approaches offer greater fidelity in comparison with the fixed-efficiency approach but may introduce additional errors due to interpolation between the maps and extrapolation to extend the operational range outside the map. Interpolation errors can be managed by using dense maps with extensive flow bench testing; smooth extrapolation is necessary when the turbine is operated outside the mapped region, e.g. in low-flow and low-speed conditions. Extending the map to this region requires very precise flow control and measurement using a motor-driven compressor, which currently is not a standard test procedure. In this paper, a physics-based control-oriented model of the turbine power and the associated power loss is proposed and developed, where the turbine efficiency is modeled as a function of both the vane position of the variable-geometry turbocharger and the speed of the turbine shaft. As a result, the proposed model eliminates the interpolation errors with smooth extension to operational conditions outside typically mapped regions.
The Value of Sharing Information: A Neural Account of Information Transmission
Authors: Baek Elisa C. , Scholz Christin , O’Donnell Matthew Brook , Falk Emily B.
Published: May 2017

Humans routinely share information with one another. What drives this behavior? We used neuroimaging to test an account of information selection and sharing that emphasizes inherent reward in self-reflection and connecting with other people. Participants underwent functional MRI while they considered personally reading and sharing New York Times articles. Activity in neural regions involved in positive valuation, self-related processing, and taking the perspective of others was significantly associated with decisions to select and share articles, and scaled with preferences to do so. Activity in all three sets of regions was greater when participants considered sharing articles with other people rather than selecting articles to read themselves. The findings suggest that people may consider value not only to themselves but also to others even when selecting news articles to consume personally. Further, sharing heightens activity in these pathways, in line with our proposal that humans derive value from self-reflection and connecting to others via sharing.
Why Members Dropout? An Evaluation of Factors Affecting Renewal in Micro Health Insurance
Authors: Savitha B.
Published: May 2017

Micro health insurance (MHI) is an important mechanism to fight iatrogenic poverty in India. Its sustainability and viability depends, to a greater extent on the renewal of membership. This article evaluates the factors that influence renewal decisions in Sampoorna Suraksha Programme (SSP) in Karnataka. This study shows income class and chronic illness in the family to determine the renewability. The findings indicate adverse selection since low-income low-risk and high-income low-risk families dropout. From the social welfare point of view, renewal from high-risk low-income families is welcome; yet this should not jeopardize resource mobilization of SSP. Sustainable and viable operations of SSP depends on continued membership of insured population that can be achieved through external financial assistance for the poorest, wider network of hospitals and increased awareness on health insurance. Dropout rate in any MHI scheme should be kept very low to achieve deeper penetration and wider coverage especially in India where large percentage of population falls outside the insurance ambit.
Board Remuneration and Good Corporate Governance in Indonesian State-owned Enterprises
Authors: Sari Synthia Atas , Tjoe Tjia Fie
Published: May 2017

The ideal board remuneration issue has always been a challenge in many countries. The reason for looking at ideal board remuneration is that the ideal remuneration should have an impact on the board performance and, in turn, lead to board effectiveness. However, the development of ideal board remuneration in Indonesian state-owned enterprises (SOE) has been based on relatively little research. Considering the relative importance attached by boards to a variety of governance tasks in SOEs, the primary aim of this article is to shed light on the extent of board remuneration impact performance of the board in implementing good corporate governance in Indonesian SOEs. The exploratory nature of this study led to the adoption of a qualitative research methodology that uses semi-structured interviews and publically available documents to collect a range of data pertaining board remuneration and the work of boards. Interviews were conducted with six informants from four Indonesian SOEs and Ministry of SOEs. The findings of this research demonstrate that the current Indonesian SOEs’ board remuneration system is not adequate as well as has a negative impact on the performance of the board. This was due to demotivation of active members and conflict of interest among members of the board, peculiarities to the performance of individual members of the board of commissioners. This study makes a significant contribution to both the board and the corporate governance field by addressing the basic research gaps of board remuneration issues in SOEs. The gap is addressed by providing a more coherent framework for effective board remuneration system that reflects more clearly the real experiences of those involved at the board level.
Exploring Emerging Latin America: Implications for German Companies Using Spain as a Springboard Country
Authors: Prabhudesai Rohit Subhash , Prasad Ch V V S N V , Ang Boon Chuan
Published: May 2017

This article seeks to determine the means by which European companies can make use of Latin European countries as a springboard to emerging markets in Latin America. For the sake of this study, Germany and Spain were used as the European and springboard countries, respectively. Cultural issues experienced by German companies in Asia have made it imperative for them to explore alternative emerging economies, such as Latin American countries. However, Latin America represents an equally risky opportunity through direct market entry owing to the cultural gap across the two regions. Given the interactions between members of the European Union and the cultural similarities between Spain and Latin America, the hypothesis of former being a cultural bridge was tested. The qualitative and quantitative cultural parameters across Germany, Spain and Latin America were compared and results showed that Spanish cultural experience can bridge the German–Latin American cultural gap.
Signal characteristics of surface-bonded fiber Bragg grating sensor with elastoplastic metallic coating subjected to residual strain
Authors: Kim Sang-Woo
Published: May 2017

This study involved predicting the reflected spectrum of a surface-bonded fiber Bragg grating sensor with an elastoplastic metallic coating wherein residual strains are non-uniformly distributed on the sensor. A profile of residual strains was numerically calculated based on the stepwise numerical technique by adopting strain transfer analysis and was validated by finite element analysis. The reflected spectrum of a metal-coated fiber Bragg grating sensor was consequently simulated to obtain the calculated profile of residual strains through the Transfer-matrix (T-matrix) method and coupled mode theory. The results revealed that a non-uniform profile of permanently induced residual strains along the sensor makes the reflected spectrum distorted. Thus, it is necessary for a metal-coated fiber Bragg grating sensor with a 10-mm Bragg grating to be bonded to a minimum length of 16.0 mm to suppress the signal distortion. The study additionally investigated the effect of parameters of an elastoplastic metallic coating (i.e. thicknesses and mechanical properties) on the spectrum characteristics and proposed minimally required bonding lengths by considering these characteristics. The evaluated spectra of the metal-coated fiber Bragg grating sensors that consider various coating parameters will reduce measurement errors and provide directions to determine geometric parameters when the sensor is actually installed on a structure surface.
Teaching Conflict Resolution in the Bioecological System: Implementing Winning Colors®
Authors: Clapper Timothy C. , Rice Donna M.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to propose a solution for conflict resolution in a bioecological system.

Background. In 1979, Bronfenbrenner introduced his bioecological theory of human development which suggested that children are immersed in four integrated systems that affect student behavior and success in public schools. More than thirty years later, the bioecological system has experienced several changes, most notably in the structure of the family and changes in the culture. Conflict can lead to tragedy but intervention programs have seen some success when any one of the four systems is positively affected. Winning Colors® can be an effective tool to teach conflict resolution and communication leading to situational leadership, team building, conflict resolution, and improved communication in any inter-personal situation. Winning Colors® uses four color cards with corresponding behavior strengths that can be understood by children and adults in a short period.

Aim. In this article, we explain how Winning Colors® program that has been used to teach conflict resolution and communication to thousands of learners.

Conclusion. Winning Colors® can be implemented to teach conflict resolution and communication across the bioecological system.
Convincing Qualitative Research
Authors: Jonsen Karsten , Fendt Jacqueline , Point Sébastien
Published: May 2017

We review ontological, epistemological, and methodological concerns in writing up research, distilled from selected inductive studies published in leading academic journals. From this analysis of practices emerges the following categorization, (a) rhetoric, (b) craftsmanship, (c) authenticity, (d) reflexivity, and (e) imagination, which informs the writing up of appealing and convincing qualitative research. We give examples and propose actionable writing heuristics. We offer reflections and recommendations on how qualitative research writing could be improved and its diffusion accelerated.
Tumor necrosis factor α Inhibition for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Chang Rudy , Yee Kei-Lwun , Sumbria Rachita K
Published: May 2017

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Food and Drug Administration–approved biologic TNF-α inhibitors are thus a potential treatment for AD, but they do not cross the blood-brain barrier. In this short review, we discuss the involvement of TNF-α in AD, challenges associated with the development of existing biologic TNF-α inhibitors for AD, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting TNF-α for AD therapy.
The Penn State Heart Assistant: A pilot study of a web-based intervention to improve self-care of heart failure patients
Authors: Lloyd Tom , Buck Harleah , Foy Andrew , Black Sara , Pinter Antony , Pogash Rosanne , Eismann Bobby , Balaban Eric , Chan John , Kunselman Allen , Smyth Joshua , Boehmer John
Published: May 2017

The Penn State Heart Assistant, a web-based, tablet computer-accessed, secure application was developed to conduct a proof of concept test, targeting patient self-care activities of heart failure patients including daily medication adherence, weight monitoring, and aerobic activity. Patients (n = 12) used the tablet computer-accessed program for 30 days—recording their information and viewing a short educational video. Linear random coefficient models assessed the relationship between weight and time and exercise and time. Good medication adherence (66% reporting taking 75% of prescribed medications) was reported. Group compliance over 30 days for weight and exercise was 84 percent. No persistent weight gain over 30 days, and some indication of weight loss (slope of weight vs time was negative (−0.17; p value = 0.002)), as well as increased exercise (slope of exercise vs time was positive (0.08; p value = 0.04)) was observed. This study suggests that mobile technology is feasible, acceptable, and has potential for cost-effective opportunities to manage heart failure patients safely at home.
Prediction of cavitation and induced erosion inside a high-pressure fuel pump
Authors: Koukouvinis Phoevos , Karathanassis Ioannis K , Gavaises Manolis
Published: May 2017

The operation of a high-pressure, piston-plunger fuel pump oriented for use in the common rail circuit of modern diesel engines for providing fuel to the injectors is investigated in this study from a numerical perspective. Both the suction and pressurization phases of the pump stroke were simulated with the overall flow time being in the order of 12 × 10−3 s. The topology of the cavitating flow within the pump configuration was captured through the use of an equation of state implemented in the framework of a barotropic, homogeneous equilibrium model. Cavitation was found to set in within the pressure chamber as early as 0.2 × 10−3 s in the operating cycle, while the minimum liquid volume fraction detected was in the order of 60% during the second period of the valve opening. Increase in the in-cylinder pressure during the final stages of the pumping stroke leads to the collapse of the previously arisen cavitation structures and three layout locations, namely, the piston edge, the valve and valve-seat region and the outlet orifice, were identified as vulnerable to cavitation-induced erosion through the use of cavitation aggressiveness indicators.
The practical wisdom of inclusive research
Authors: Nind Melanie
Published: May 2017

The concept of inclusive research epitomizes the transformation away from research on people, to research with them. Applied particularly, but not exclusively, in the field of learning disabilities, the concept encapsulates the drive to involve people in the design and conduct of research about them, reach and represent their lived experience, respect them and value different ways of knowing. This article discusses some of the challenges that UK inclusive researchers have shared in focus groups aimed at taking stock of this transformative movement and it shares how a local UK research collaboration between academics and people with learning disabilities has addressed some of these challenges. Inclusive research methods of generating and analysing data are examined within the broader context of how research projects and partnerships are enacted. The article concludes that doing research inclusively is gradually transforming through collective practical wisdom and praxis.
Intravascular Ultrasound Validation of Contemporary Angiographic Scores Evaluating the Severity of Calcification in Peripheral Arteries
Authors: Yin Da , Maehara Akiko , Shimshak Thomas M. , Ricotta Joseph J. , Ramaiah Venkatesh , Foster Malcolm T. , Davis Thomas P. , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Mintz Gary S. , Gray William A.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: To validate 3 angiographic scoring systems for peripheral artery calcification using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) as the gold standard. Methods: The study employed preprocedure angiography and IVUS data from 47 patients (median age 72 years; 34 men) in the 55-patient JetStream G3 Calcium Study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01273623) to validate the 3 angiographic scoring systems [Peripheral Academic Research Consortium (PARC), Peripheral Arterial Calcium Scoring System (PACSS), and the DEFINITIVE Ca++ trial]. Preprocedure angiograms were analyzed using conventional quantitative vessel analysis software in 2 orthogonal views. Calcium length was evaluated by markers placed beside the artery during the procedure; calcium deposit(s) were assessed as being on one or both sides of the vessel wall. The 3 calcium scoring systems used these 2 basic angiographic elements to evaluate calcium severity. Based on these criteria, calcium severity varied from none to focal, mild, moderate, or severe in PARC; grade 0 to 4 in PACSS; and none, moderate, or severe in the DEFINITIVE Ca++ system. Calcium location on IVUS was classified as superficial, deep, or mixed. Lesion length was the segment between the most normal looking proximal and distal reference sites. Superficial, deep, and calcium length were based on motorized IVUS pullback. Results: IVUS detected calcium in 44/47 (93.6%) lesions, and angiography detected calcium in 26/47 (55.3%) lesions (p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of angiography relative to IVUS were 59%, 100%, 100%, and 14%, respectively. With increasing severity of angiographic calcium, there was a stepwise increase in the prevalence of IVUS superficial calcium and the maximum arc and length of superficial calcium. Using PARC criteria, with increasing severity of calcification, IVUS maximum calcium arc increased from 120° for none to 305° for severe (p<0.001); the length of calcium increased from 7 to 68 mm (p<0.001). Though a similar trend was seen in IVUS superficial calcium, it was not observed in IVUS deep calcium. Similar observations were seen when using the PACSS and DEFINITIVE Ca++ scoring systems. Conclusion: IVUS confirmed that the PARC, PACSS, and DEFINITIVE Ca++ calcium scoring systems can be used to classify the degree of calcium in peripheral artery disease, especially superficial calcium.