bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Anxiety and Prosocial Behaviors on Adherence Behaviors to Prevent COVID-19 in University Students in the United States: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Corbera Silvia , Marín-Chollom Amanda M
Published: May 2024

Background

In situations of acute stress, individuals may engage in prosocial behaviors or risk-taking self-oriented behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic created large stress-promoting conditions that impacted individuals’ decisions to adhere to COVID-19 preventative behaviors.

Objectives

The study aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety during the pandemic and adherence behaviors to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and the moderating influence of prosocial behaviors. We hypothesized that individuals with high anxiety during COVID-19 would adhere more to preventive COVID-19 behaviors than ones with low anxiety and that this relationship would be stronger in those individuals with higher prosocial behaviors.

Methods

A web-based survey was administered through the SONA web-based participant tool of the psychology department of a university in the Northeastern United States. A final sample of 54 undergraduate students completed web-based questionnaires during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, from January to May 2021, which included demographic measures and surveys on prosocial behaviors, anxiety, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Moderation analyses were conducted using PROCESS in SPSS.

Results

Participants reported high levels of trait and state anxiety symptoms, most of them meeting or exceeding the cutoff criteria to be clinically meaningful (state anxiety: 47/54, 87%; trait anxiety: 38/44, 86%), and over 50% highly adhered to the COVID-19 preventive behaviors of wearing a face mask, using hand sanitizer, handwashing, coughing/sneezing into their elbow or a tissue, self-quarantining, maintaining social distance, avoiding social gatherings, and avoiding nonessential travel. No significant associations were observed between prosocial behavior, anxiety types, and adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviors. However, when moderation analyses were conducted between anxiety types and adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviors, results demonstrated a statistically significant interaction of public prosocial behavior with state anxiety (β=−.17, t53=−2.60; P=.01), predicting engagement in COVID-19 preventative behaviors. At high levels of anxiety, low levels of prosocial public behaviors were associated with higher engagement in COVID-19 preventative behaviors. In contrast, high levels of public prosocial behavior were associated with low engagement in COVID-19 preventative behaviors at higher levels of anxiety.

Conclusions

These results provide information that can aid in the creation of interventions that could increase adherence to COVID-19 preventative behaviors (Reviewed by the Plan P #PeerRef Community).
Time for Medicine and Public Health to Leave Platform X
Authors: Timpka Toomas
Published: May 2024

For more than 50 years, digital technologies have been employed for the creation and distribution of knowledge in health services. In the last decade, digital social media have been developed for applications in clinical decision support and population health monitoring. Recently, these technologies have also been used for knowledge translation, such as in the process where research findings created in academic settings are established as evidence and distributed for use in clinical practice, policy making, and health self-management. To date, it has been common for medical and public health institutions to have social media accounts for the dissemination of novel research findings and to facilitate conversations about these findings. However, recent events such as the transformation of the microblog Twitter to platform X have brought to light the need for the social media industry to exploit user data to generate revenue. In this viewpoint, it is argued that a redirection of social media use is required in the translation of knowledge to action in the fields of medicine and public health. A new kind of social internet is currently forming, known as the “fediverse,” which denotes an ensemble of open social media that can communicate with each other while remaining independent platforms. In several countries, government institutions, universities, and newspapers use open social media to distribute information and enable discussions. These organizations control their own channels while being able to communicate with other platforms through open standards. Examples of medical knowledge translation via such open social media platforms, where users are less exposed to disinformation than in general platforms, are also beginning to appear. The current status of the social media industry calls for a broad discussion about the use of social technologies by health institutions involving researchers and health service practitioners, academic leaders, scientific publishers, social technology providers, policy makers, and the public. This debate should not primarily take place on social media platforms but rather at universities, in scientific journals, at public seminars, and other venues, allowing for the transparent and undisturbed communication and formation of opinions.
Treating Spontaneous Pneumothorax Using an Innovative Surgical Technique Called Capnodissection Pleurectomy: Case Report
Authors: Qsous Ghaith , Ramaraj Prashanth , Avtaar Singh Sanjeet Singh , Herd Philip , Sooraj Nayandra Runveer , Will Malcolm Brodie
Published: May 2024

Spontaneous pneumothorax is one of the most common conditions encountered in thoracic surgery. This condition can be treated conservatively or surgically based on indications and guidelines. Traditional surgical management includes pleurodesis (mechanical or chemical) in addition to bullectomy if the bullae can be identified. Mechanical pleurodesis is usually performed by surgical pleurectomy or pleural abrasion. In this case report, we present a case of a young patient with spontaneous pneumothorax who needed a surgical intervention. We performed a new, innovative surgical technique for surgical pleurectomy where we used carbon dioxide for dissection of the parietal pleura (capnodissection). This technique may provide similar efficiency to the traditional procedure but with less risk of bleeding and complications.
AI in Dental Radiology—Improving the Efficiency of Reporting With ChatGPT: Comparative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Stephan Daniel , Bertsch Annika , Burwinkel Matthias , Vinayahalingam Shankeeth , Al-Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W , Thiem Daniel GE
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Structured and standardized documentation is critical for accurately recording diagnostic findings, treatment plans, and patient progress in health care. Manual documentation can be labor-intensive and error-prone, especially under time constraints, prompting interest in the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to automate and optimize these processes, particularly in medical documentation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT (OpenAI) in generating radiology reports from dental panoramic radiographs, comparing the performance of AI-generated reports with those manually created by dental students.

METHODS

A total of 100 dental students were tasked with analyzing panoramic radiographs and generating radiology reports manually or assisted by ChatGPT using a standardized prompt derived from a diagnostic checklist.

RESULTS

Reports generated by ChatGPT showed a high degree of textual similarity to reference reports; however, they often lacked critical diagnostic information typically included in reports authored by students. Despite this, the AI-generated reports were consistent in being error-free and matched the readability of student-generated reports.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings from this study suggest that ChatGPT has considerable potential for generating radiology reports, although it currently faces challenges in accuracy and reliability. This underscores the need for further refinement in the AI’s prompt design and the development of robust validation mechanisms to enhance its use in clinical settings.
Demand Analysis of Mobile Health Applications for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Across Different E-Health Literacy Levels: A Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: GAO Yan , PU Li-jia , MA Deng-yan , DUAN Di-fei , LIU Min , YAN Lin-jia , LI Ling , YAN Yu , CHEN Yi
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant global health challenge, necessitating ongoing management and exerting considerable pressure on healthcare systems. Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) have demonstrated potential in improving self-management among CKD patients. Yet, to develop effective and user-focused mHealth apps, it is crucial to understand the distinct needs and preferences of patients across various e-health literacy levels.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to utilize the Kano model to identify and prioritize the self-management needs and user interface (UI) requirements of a mHealth app tailored for Chinese CKD patients with varying levels of e-health literacy.

METHODS

This multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to September 2023, utilizing face-to-face questionnaires to gather sociodemographic data and preferences related to self-management content and UI features. Data analysis involved attribute partitioning and Better-Worse coefficient calculations, with the Kano model categorizing user preferences into five distinct groups: must-be, one-dimensional, attractive, indifferent, and reverse.

RESULTS

The study analyzed responses from 484 valid questionnaires, noting that 47.2% of respondents were female. CKD patients indicated diverse preferences for self-management content such as disease knowledge, diet management, and symptom management. Additionally, there was varied interest in UI features including font choices, color schemes, and privacy protection mechanisms. These findings underscore the necessity of considering e-health literacy levels when designing mHealth apps tailored for CKD patient needs. This approach ensures that the apps are accessible and effective for users with different levels of technological proficiency.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the need to design mHealth apps specifically for Chinese CKD patients with varying e-health literacy levels. Utilizing the Kano model, developers can focus on features that enhance user satisfaction and engagement, leading to personalized apps that empower patients, improve self-management, and boost health outcomes. This emphasizes the value of user-centered design in creating effective healthcare technologies.
Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Singkong pada Burung Puyuh yang Mengalami Cekaman Panas
Authors: Santoso Koekoeh , Maria Joanita , Ika Mayasari Ni Luh Putu , Jumadin La
Published: May 2024

Fenomena iklim tropis, ekuinoks, dan pemanasan global di Indonesia dapat menyebabkan masalah cekaman panas pada peternakan unggas termasuk puyuh. Dampaknya adalah penurunan performa dan produksi puyuh, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan upaya untuk mengatasi masalah heat stress. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan potensi ekstrak daun singkong untuk mengatasi cekaman panas pada puyuh dewasa anas. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 16 ekor puyuh yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, terdiri dari 4 ekor puyuh sebagai kontrol yang diberi perlakuan suhu 35 °C, dan masing-masing 4 ekor puyuh lainnya diberi perlakuan suhu 35 °C dan diberi ekstrak daun singkong dengan dosis yang berbeda-beda sebesar 5,292 mg/168g, 10,584 mg/168 g, dan 21,168 mg/168 g berat badan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun singkong yang mengandung flavonoid dan klorofil terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar malondialdehida (MDA) pada puyuh yang mengalami cekaman panas. Kualitas telur juga meningkat berdasarkan parameter tinggi albumin, tinggi kuning telur, dan tebal cangkang, namun kadarnya tidak signifikan. Parameter total leukosit, rasio heterofil per limfosit, dan diferensial leukosit tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Ekstrak daun singkong juga belum terbukti mampu menurunkan total protein pada puyuh yang mengalami cekaman panas. Hasil vaksinasi ND inaktif yang dilakukan satu kali menunjukkan titer antibodi yang rendah pada semua kelompok.
Dampak Terapi Antibiotika Mastitis Periode Kering pada Sapi Perah
Authors: Yanuartono Yanuartono - , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto - , Paryuni Alsi Dara
Published: May 2024

AbstrakPeriode kering pada sapi perah didefinisikan sebagai masa istirahat non laktasi sebelum melahirkan dengan tujuan utama meningkatkan produksi susu pada periode laktasi berikutnya. Saat ini secara umum antibiotika juga digunakan untuk terapi maupun pencegahan mastitis saat periode kering. Mastitis adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang paling penting pada sapi perah di seluruh dunia, bertanggung jawab atas kerugian ekonomi yang besar dan dampak negatif pada kesejahteraan sapi maupun manusia disebabkan oleh penurunan produksi susu. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi susu pada laktasi berikutnya adalah periode kering yang berkisar antara 40-60 hari sebelum melahirkan. Guna menghindari kejadian mastitis saat periode kering maka saat ini banyak digunakan antibiotika saat memasuki periode kering atau akhir periode kering. Saat ini, sebagian besar dari antibiotika yang digunakan dalam industri susu diterapkan untuk mengendalikan mastitis pada sapi perah periode kering. Banyak Negara menerapkan system pemberian antibiotika pada semua kwartir saat periode kering. Namun demikian penggunaan antibiotika tersebut meningkatkan kekhawatiran munculnya resistensi antibiotika. Tulisan ini akan mencoba mengulas secara sederhana dampak penggunaan antibiotika saat periode kering pada sapi perah.Kata kunci : mastitis; periode kering; antibiotika; resistensi
The Principal Functions of Institutions in Shaping the Civil Society and Southern African Rural Organisations
Authors: Foyet Metolo , Lubilo Rodgers , Louis Maxi Pia
Published: May 2024

The influence of political interests on resource discourse is well-documented, with ordinary citizens often portrayed as both victims and potential solutions if governments were more accountable. Institutions play crucial roles in shaping societal norms, behaviors and politico-economic interactions, yet the specific functions of different institutions and their impact on Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), especially Community-Based Organizations (CBOs), in rural contexts remain unclear. This paper explores how formal and informal institutions influence the activities, operational strategies and effectiveness of CSOs. Drawing upon recent developments in conservation, this understanding is particularly important in light of the evolving challenges faced by rural societies and the need for CBOs to navigate complex institutional landscapes to achieve their goals. Using the North, Wallis, and Weingast (NWW) theoretical framework, the paper distinguishes between 'limited access orders' and 'open access orders' to understand CBOs' operational contexts. In 'limited access orders', where power is concentrated among a few, formal institutions maintain the status quo, limiting CBO actions. The hypothesis posits that formal institutions, through regulatory frameworks, can either enable or constrain CBO activities, while informal institutions, through cultural norms, influence social acceptance, community support and resource mobilization for CBO initiatives. 'Open access orders' provide a conducive environment for mass opinions and collective actions led by CBOs on resource ownership. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing strategies that enhance government accountability and support CBOs' roles in advocacy, biodiversity preservation, natural resource management, and rural development.
The Triple Dimensions of the People-centered Philosophy of Development
Authors: Jiang Wei
Published: May 2024

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC has thoroughly implemented the people-centered philosophy of development and led the people to write great achievements in the new era. The people centered development thought is based on the Marxist concept of mass history, rooted in the people-oriented thought of China's excellent traditional culture, and integrated into the view of the CPC on the people. It takes the people as the purpose of development, relying on the people as the driving force for development, and sharing development achievements by the people as the value pursuit. It has profound theoretical, era, and practical dimensions, and interprets the original intention and mission of the CPC to work for the happiness of the Chinese people and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is a concrete expression of the fundamental purpose of our party to serve the people wholeheartedly in the new era.
Research on the Application of Visual Form in Space Design in Digital Media Art
Authors: Lu Mingde
Published: May 2024

Under the background of the prevailing visual culture, the role of visual communication design is becoming increasingly prominent, and its importance cannot be ignored. With the continuous development of science and technology, digital media technology has become an important support for graphic design (that is, visual communication design), and its application scope has expanded from traditional print media to network media. With digital technology as the core, network media has had a profound impact on the method and thinking mode of visual communication design. This influence is not only reflected in the expansion of the design from two-dimensional plane to three-dimensional space, but also includes the integration of time and motion elements into the visual composition, making the design content and layout from static to dynamic and interactive direction. In such a design environment, the design forms that can provide rich visual stimulation and aesthetic experience have received extensive attention and research. This paper aims to deeply explore the spatial visual form in digital media art design from the perspective of visual perception, and comprehensively analyze and elaborate the construction methods of three-dimensional space, four-dimensional space and surreal multi-dimensional space.
Examining Women’s Portrayal in “The White Tiger” Through A Gendered Lens
Authors: Rathore Devina
Published: May 2024

Aravind Adiga's "The White Tiger" explores the harsh realities faced by women in contemporary India, specifically those ensnared within the stifling grip of social hierarchy. The novel provides us with an unsettling glimpse into the multitude of women caught in the shackles of patriarchy. Through a simplistic narrative, it takes us through a multitude of such experiences, from the village women like Balram’s grandmother and mother to the fiercely independent, foreign-educated Pinky Madam. Through a realistic portrayal of the daily struggles of these characters, Adiga vehemently critiques the system that denies these women the basic right to voice their opinions. He reveals the existence of the dowry system, the financial strain that families with daughters face, the barriers to female education and upward mobility, and the psychological oppression that women experience in a patriarchal culture. However, by downplaying the agency of some female characters, the story—which is told from Balram's self-serving point of view—may be perceived as maintaining some of these disparities. Notwithstanding this drawback, "The White Tiger" is an engrossing and uncompromising examination of the intricate and frequently tragic lives of women entangled in the webs of caste, poverty, and tradition. Their experiences highlight the severe social and economic divide that still exists in modern-day India.
Lichenysin Produced by Bacillus licheniformis RG1002 Inhibit the Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Various Surfaces
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Sankhwar Ruchi , Yadav Shilpi , Gupta Ravi Kr.
Published: May 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing biofilms on various surfaces, medical implants and burn wounds which inhibit the action of antimicrobial agents. This study was undertaken for the screening, identification and purification of a natural antimicrobial compound from the hospital waste sites against P. aeruginosa. The partial purification of the antimicrobial agent was performed with ethyl acetate from the culture supernatant of the isolate and further purified by HPLC. For the characterization of the active compound, we have used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Electrospray Ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. The purified compound was tested for anti-biofilm activity in vitro against P. aeruginosa and on various surfaces such as plastic, glass, and steel. The potent isolate was confirmed as Bacillus licheniformis strain RG1002. The HPLC purified compound was characterized as lichenysin using FTIR and ESI-MS analysis. This study identifies and characterize the potent antimicrobial agent against other important human pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. Purified lichenysin showed strong inhibitory effect against P. aeruginosa and other important pathogens and inhibits the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in vitro on various types of surfaces. The current study suggests the application of lichenysin as a protective coating on various indwelling medical devices and catheters to prevent the biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa.
Exploring the Potential of Bacillus Species Secondary Metabolites as SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Mulyani Yuniar , Mulyani Yeni , Agung Mochamad Untung K. , Pratiwi Dian Yuni
Published: May 2024

Virus has the ability to cause health problems and even death in humans. Therefore, this review aims to assess the potential of metabolites derived from Bacillus species as viral protease inhibitors, specifically targeting Mpro/3CLpro and PLpro, in SARS-CoV-2 infection. During infection, SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells and initiates replication by translating viral proteases. The major protease (Mpro), also known as 3CLpro, and the papain-like protease (PLpro) are both encoded by SARS-CoV-2. Protease inhibitors (PIs) disrupt the formation of new viral particles by suppressing protease activity. Metabolites capable of acting as protease inhibitors found in Bacillus spp. include chondrillasterol, cholestane, trifluoroacetic acid, octadecenoic acid, stigmasterol, 9-octadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, Macrolactin A, Subtilosin A, Leodoglucomide, Gramicidin S, and Tyrocidine A. Molecular docking analysis presented effective binding of these compounds to the active sites of Mpro or PLpro. The results showed that various compounds identified in Bacillus spp. had the potential to be developed as alternative drugs for combating SARS-CoV-2.
AI Mental Health Tracker and Analyzer Using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Kumari Prof. Sony
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Mental health problems are one of the major concerns of the 21st century in the field of healthcare. One of the major reasons behind this problem is lack of awareness among masses. The increase of mental health problems and the need for effective medical health care have led to an investigation of machine learning that can be applied in mental health problems. Early detection of mental health issues allows specialists to treat them more effectively and it improves patient’s quality of life. Mental health is very important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. This study amalgamates insights from diverse research endeavours to present a comprehensive systematic review of machine learning (ML) applications in the mental health domain. In this research paper techniques like Logistic Regression, K-NN, Decision Trees, Random Forest, and Support Vector were compared, with Random Forest proving most accurate at 73.16% prediction accuracy.
Haptic Summarizer for Visually Impaired Using Rasberry PI
Authors: Dhanorkar Gauri
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The project endeavours to ameliorate the constraints inherent in conventional reading modalities for visually impaired individuals through the development of a self-contained reading apparatus. This device is designed to facilitate access to printed textual material while augmenting its capabilities with image captioning functionality, thus extending its applicability beyond mere textual content. To achieve this objective, the project will leverage sophisticated deep learning methodologies, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and ResNet architectures, for image analysis and caption generation tasks.
AlertDrive-Safe Drive Facial Warning System
Authors: Malpathak Ms. Esha , Malpathak Mr. Yash , Pandit Mr. Mandar , Gadgil Mr. Prathamesh
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Accidents have become increasingly common in recent times, primarily stemming from driver inattentiveness during their journeys. These accidents result in significant financial losses and a high number of fatalities, in addition to causing harm to the environment. This paper outlines a module designed to alert drivers by implementing a straightforward monitoring system. Through our analysis, it has become evident that more than 25% of accidents can be attributed to driver drowsiness, emphasizing the grave danger it poses, even surpassing the risks associated with drunk driving. To detect driver drowsiness, a simple camera system is employed, which initiates monitoring as soon as the car starts and continues throughout the journey. This monitoring system is closely linked with an automatic speed control mechanism, resembling an automatic speed controller. The paper elaborates on the techniques used to assess driver safety by examining visual cues from the driver, ultimately serving as an early warning system for potential accidents. Consequently, reducing speed is made more straightforward, with alerts provided to the driver, ultimately leading to a decrease in accidents caused by driver drowsiness thanks to our proposed approach
Facial Emotion Recognition and Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Singh Dr. Youddha Beer , Kumar Harsh
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Facial emotion recognition is a vital area within computer vision and artificial intelligence, with significant applications in human-computer interaction, security, and healthcare. This research presents a novel approach for identifying facial emotions through the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We provide a comprehensive overview of the CNN architecture, the dataset utilized, the preprocessing techniques employed, the training methodology, and the results achieved. Our approach demonstrates exceptional accuracy in detecting a range of emotions, including happiness, sadness, anger, and surprise. Additionally, this study explores the implications of our findings and suggests potential improvements and future research directions to enhance the performance and applicability of facial emotion recognition systems.
Design of Variable Valve Timing and Electronic Control for Honda R18A
Authors: Bandgar Aaditya , Barge Pratik , Bhamare Abhishek , Bhamre Somesh , Bhande Giridhar , Korwar Ganesh
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This paper explores the Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control (VTEC) system developed by Honda, focusing on its mechanisms, design methodology, and impact on engine performance. VTEC optimizes engine efficiency and power by switching between cam profiles suited for low-RPM stability and high-RPM power output, controlled by the engine's computer based on operational conditions. We examine the intricate workings of the VTEC system, detailing its hydraulic actuation and the resulting enhancements in torque and horsepower. Our study centers on the Honda R18A engine, targeting increased maximum RPM and power output. Using theoretical analysis validated through Ricardo Wave software and MATLAB simulations, we determine optimal valve lift and timing to achieve the desired performance. Additionally, the research addresses the geometric parameters influencing airflow through the valves, providing a comprehensive understanding of the VTEC system's contribution to engine efficiency and driving experience. This investigation not only underscores the technological advancements in variable valve timing but also presents practical insights for automotive engineering applications.
Implementing Failure Mode & Effect Analysis(FMEA) on Framework Structure
Authors: Bhagat Mr. Suraj. D. , Bichakule Mr. Hrithik. N. , Mali Mr. Aniket. B. , Patil Mr. Yash. A. , Waghmare Ms. Anuradha. S. , Buch Prof. Ufaq. U.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is one of the most practical design tools implemented in the product design to analyze the possible failures and to improve the design. The use of FMEA is diversified, and different approaches are proposed by various organizations and researchers from one application to another. The question is how to use the features of FMEA along with the design process. This research focuses on different types of FMEA in the design process, which is considered as the mapping between customer requirements, design components, and product functions. These three elements of design are the foundation of the integration model proposed in this research. The objective of this research is to understand an integrated approach of FMEA in the design process. Significantly, an integration framework is developed to integrate the design process and FMEA. Then, a step-by-step FMEA-facilitated design process is proposed to apply FMEA along with the design process. The analysis should always be started by someone listing the functions that the design needs to fulfil. Functions are the starting point of a well done FMEA, and using functions as baseline provides the best yield of an FMEA. After all, a design is only one possible solution to perform functions that need to be fulfilled. This way an FMEA can be done on concept designs as well as detail designs, on hardware as well as software, and no matter how complex the design.
A Study on the Factors of Marriage Intention Among Unmarried Young People According to Gender
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Moon Song Ha , Kang Tae Seog
Published: May 2024

Objectives This study analyzed the factors affecting the marriage intention of unmarried young people by gender.
Methods For this purpose, 1,691 unmarried young people (947 men, 744 women) between the ages of 18 and 34 conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Institute were selected as research subjects, and personal characteristics, parental factors, workplace factors, and policy factors were used as independent variables. Marriage intention was selected as the dependent variable.
Results The main research results are: First, personal factors had a significant effect only on men in terms of age (the younger the age, the higher the intention to marry). Second, parental factors had a significant effect on the mother's education level only for men (the higher the mother's education level, the higher the intention to marry). Third, as for workplace factors, job welfare level and work values had a significant effect only on women (job The lower the welfare level and the higher the value of work, the higher the intention to marry). Fourth, in terms of poli-cy factors, only men had a significant effect on training/career policy and childbirth/childcare policy (the higher the training/career policy, the higher the childbirth/childcare policy, the higher the intention to marry).
Conclusions As there is a clear difference between men and women in the intention to marry among unmarried young people, customized support should be provided for each factor that can increase the intention to marry. Through this, the government and local governments should carry out various promotional activities and activate programs for single young men and women.
A Case Study of Group Art Therapy Based on the Expressive Therapies Continuum(ETC) for Enhancing Emotional Regulation and Sociality in children using elementary school care class
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Minju , Kim Joori , Park Yun-mi
Published: May 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in emotional regulation ability and social skills im-provement of children using elementary school care classes during the ETC-based group art therapy process.
Methods For this purpose, a program was created through literature research and supervision, and an art therapy program was conducted for a total of 10 sessions, 80 minutes per session, once a week with three early school-age children attending a local care class in P City, Gyeonggi-do. The results of analyzing the change pat-terns by session and stage of ETC-based group art therapy according to the components of emotion regulation and sociality by collecting institutional reports and interview data, session-specific observation logs, work data, and researchers' research logs are as follows.
Results Through group art therapy based on ETC, children improved their ability to regulate their own emotions and understand the emotions of others, and positive changes were seen in appropriately managing the intensity of negative emotions, especially in angry or aggressive situations. . Positive changes in emotion regulation ability were confirmed. In addition, positive changes in social skills centered on interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and sociality were confirmed.
Conclusions This study demonstrates that ETC-based group art therapy has a positive effect on improving emo-tional regulation and social skills of children using elementary school care classes, and is expected to provide use-ful guidelines for designing and implementing children's emotional regulation and social development programs.
The Effect of Internalized Shame on Loneliness of University Students: The Exploration of path model among Self-Criticism and The Fear of Compassion
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim HeeJu , Lee HeeKyung
Published: May 2024

Objectives The purposes of this study were to examine the mediated effect and pathway of self-criticism and the fear of compassion in the relationship of internalized shame on loneliness of university students.
Methods To this end, 340 university students and graduate students aged 18 to 30 years old completed self-re-ported questionnaires consisting of Internalized Shame Scale(ISS), Self-Critical Cognition Scale(SCCS), The Korean version of the Fear of Compassion Scales, The UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3. Based on the collected data, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and double mediation effects were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS Macro ver 3.5 program.
Results First, there are positive correlations among internalized shame, loneliness, self-criticism and the fear of compassion. Second, the direct path for loneliness from internalized shame, self-criticism and the fear of com-passion from others was significant. but, the direct path for loneliness from fear of compassion for self was not significant. Third, in the pathway in which internalized shame affects loneliness, the sequential partial dual media-tion pathway of the fear of compassion from others and self-criticism was confirmed.
Conclusions Finally, based on these results, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for the further research were discussed.
A study on simulated instruction anxiety of pre-service teacher
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Ara , Song Yun-Na
Published: May 2024

Objectives This study examines how the general characteristics major satisfaction, and positive psychological capital of pre-service early childhood teacher are related to simulated instruction anxiety, and confirms their rela-tive influence on simulated instruction anxiety.
Methods The subjects of this study are 190 university student enrolled in departments related to childcare and early childhood education. Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS program, and the relatiove influence of variables affecting simulated instruction anxiety was conformed through hierarchical multiple regression analysis.
Results First, all sub-factors of the general characteristics, major satisfaction, and positive psychological capital of pre-service teachers’ showed a negative correlation with simulated instruction anxiety. Second, as a result of examining the relative influence on pre-service teacher’s simulated instruction anxiety, it was found that the in-fluence was in the order of self-efficacy, number of simulated instruction participation, and satisfaction with major subjects.
Conclusions This study is significant in that it identified variables that affect pre-service teachers’ simulated in-struction anxiety in an academic reality where there is little actual research on simulated instruction anxiety. This study can be used as basic data for developing early childhood teacher training curriculum and programs.
The Experiences of Small-Sized Elementary School Students in After-School Sports Activities and Their Educational Significance
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee TaeHyeon , Park JaeJeong
Published: May 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the after-school sports activity experiences of elementary school students in a small-scale setting and explore the educational implications of these experiences.
Methods To achieve this, data were collected from 6 students in grades 3 to 6 who participated in after-school sports activities at a small-scale elementary school during the first semester from March to July 2023. Data col-lection involved participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The data were analyzed us-ing iterative comparative analysis, and the credibility of the research was ensured through triangulation, peer dis-cussions, and confirmation from research participants.
Results The students' experience in small-scale elementary school after-school sports activities is described as “Reviving the Spark of Small-Scale School Physical Education.” Due to insufficient preparation in regular physical education classes by homeroom teachers, students had lost interest. In response, after-school sports activities served the purpose of fulfilling the lack of physical activity, bridging care gaps, and providing enjoyable leisure time, positively impacting students' holistic development and self-realization. The educational significance is framed as “Illuminating the Torch of Public Education.” The collaborative format of after-school sports activities facilitated interaction between grade levels, fostering exchange among students. It provided opportunities for mutual learning and motivation between juniors and seniors. Additionally, it contributed to reducing private educa-tion expenses, restoring trust in public education, and offering a broad range of sports experiences.
Conclusions The after-school sports activities in small-scale elementary schools provide students with oppor-tunities for growth and development on various levels. Therefore, the activation of physical education activities in small-scale elementary schools is necessary.
The Mediating Effect of Defense Mechanism Style in the Relationship of College Students' Internalized Shame and Displaced Aggression
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Bit Na , Kang Jin-ryung
Published: May 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of defense mechanism style on the relationship beꠓtween internalized shame and displaced aggression.
Methods A self-report questionnaire was distributed in order to measure internalized shame, displaced ag-gression and defense mechanism style, targeting university students enrolled in 3 different universities in Seoul during the period from March to April 2019. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and all of them were retrieved. As a total, 287 samples excluding 7 non-Korean participants (international students) and 6 participants who responded incompletely were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 program. For statistical analysis, a regression analysis and a three-stage multiple regression analysis were performed in order to establish the correlation among internalized shame, displaced aggression, and defense mechanism style. Finally, we conducted a Baron and Kenny’s three-stage multiple regression analysis (1986) to verify the mediating effect of the defense mechanism style.
Results First, significant correlations have been identified among university students' internalized shame, dis-placed aggression, and defense mechanism style. Second, There were both a complete mediating effect of im-mature defense mechanism style and a partial mediating effect of self-regulation defense mechanism style on the relationship between university students’ internalized shame and displaced aggression.
Conclusions In conclusion, the results of this study show that in students who display displaced aggression, the manner in which they used this psychological mechanism to handle internal conflicts in daily life significantly influ-enced their internal displaced aggression variably. Therefore, this study concludes that examining and under-standing the defense mechanism of counselees must precede specific counseling in order to mitigate university students’ displaced aggression.
Development of a Performance-based Digital Literacy Online Assessment Tool for Primary School Students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Cha Hyunjin , Kim Hyesook , Han Nara
Published: May 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop a performance-based online assessment tool to measure the level of digital literacy of primary school students.
Methods To achieve this, test items were developed based on several scenarios that reflected the context of schools, families, and communities that primary school students encounter in their daily lives, and an online as-sessment system was developed in the form of several sub-tasks being connected to perform one integrated task. The developed assessment tool consisted of 4 test modules and a total of 28 sub-task items. A preliminary test was conducted on 462 primary school students to verify the reliability and validity of the developed online as-sessment system.
Results As a result of analyzing the preliminary test results, the test reliability was found to be good. As a result of correlation analysis with the multiple-choice assessment tool, it was found to be distinguished from the exist-ing tool as a performance-based assessment tool. In addition, as a result of item analysis, the overall discrim-ination and difficulty level was found to be at an appropriate level except for a few items.
Conclusions This study is significant in that it developed a performance-based online assessment tool beyond self-reporting or knowledge-based multiple-choice assessment, and provided primary data for future research on measuring students’ digital literacy level using a performance-based online assessment tool based on the pre-liminary test results.
The relationship between self-differenciation and marital satisfaction: The mediating effect of emotional recognition clarity moderated by marital communication satisfaction
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Eunsil , Lee Leeseul
Published: May 2024

Objectives This study examines whether emotional recognition clarity mediates the relationship between self dif-ferentiation and marital satisfaction, and to verify whether couple communication satisfaction modulates this me-diating effect.
Methods For this purpose, 249 adults were measured through self-report surveys for self differentiation, marital satisfaction, emotional recognition clarity, and couple communication satisfaction.
Results First, in the relationship between self differentiation and marital satisfaction, the mediating effect of emotional recognition clarity was found to be significant. Second, the moderating effect of couple communication satisfaction was significant in the relationship between emotional recognition clarity and marital satisfaction. Third, it was found that couple communication satisfaction moderated the mediating effect of emotional recog-nition clarity on the relationship between self differentiation and marital satisfaction.
Conclusions These results suggest the need for intervention on emotional recognition clarity and couple commu-nication satisfaction in counseling settings when clients complain of low marital satisfaction due to self differentiation.
2022 Revised Integrated Social Curriculum and Question Analysis to Review and Improve the Application of History Areas
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Shin So Yeoun
Published: May 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to review the current application of the history domain to the integrated society subject and prepare a plan to apply the history domain practically under an integrated perspective in the process of questioning the integrated society SAT after 2028.
Methods To this end, the content system and achievement standards of the 2022 revised integrated society cur-riculum and the items of the 2023 National Federation Academic Assessment Integrated Society Evaluation were analyzed.
Results The content system and achievement standards of the integrated social curriculum reflected a large part of the historical domain, but they were not actually reflected in the questions of the National Union's academic evaluation.
Conclusions In order to apply the historical domain to the integrated society SAT questions, it is necessary to find ways to analyze achievement standards and extract evaluation content elements, develop appropriate question types, and ultimately seek ways to apply the contents of democratic citizenship, controversy, and ecological envi-ronmental history, which are actively discussed in the current history department, from the perspective of history.