bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Geometric Modeling of the Sibayak Geothermal Field
Authors: Qarinur M , Silitonga E M R , Alvan S , Ogata S , Kinoshita N , Yasuhara H
Published: December 2024

Geothermal reservoirs are significant sources of renewable energy. Accurate geometric modeling of these reservoirs is essential for understanding the distribution of heat and fluid dynamics within them. This study aims to develop a geometric model of the Sibayak geothermal field using borehole data. Borehole data provide detailed geological information, which is crucial for constructing a realistic geometric model. The methodology of this research involves several key steps: the collection of borehole data from the Sibayak geothermal field, the construction of a 3D geometric model of the reservoir using COMSOL Multiphysics based on the borehole data, and the validation of the model through comparison with field data and previous research findings. The results indicate that the developed geometric model successfully identifies zones with high geothermal potential and provides an accurate depiction of the reservoir’s boundaries and characteristics. Modeling the geometry of geothermal reservoirs using borehole data offers profound insights into the internal dynamics of the reservoir and can serve as a valuable tool for planning and optimizing geothermal energy exploitation.
Effect of Boric Oxide Compounds on the Physical Properties and Structure of “Huta Ginjang” Quartz Sand-Based Glass Medium
Authors: Panggabean Jonny Haratua , Sihombing Luli Warti , Rajagukguk Juniastel , Sarumaha Chayani S. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: December 2024

Effect of boric oxide compounds on the physical properties and structure of “huta ginjang” quartz sand-based glass medium from the compound composition of (x) quartz sand - (60-x) B2O3 - 10BaO - 30Na2O where x = 0; 2.5; 5; 10; (mol%). All compounds were produced in powder form with a total mass of 15 grams using melting technology at 1300°C. To determine the quality of the glass material, measurements and calculations of physical properties of glass such as molar massa, molar volume, density and others were carried out. Characterization is done using XRD, FTIR, and UV-Vis-NIR. XRD results show the structure of the glass by adding quartz sand is amorphous. As the concentration of quartz sand increases, the density of the sample increases slowly, while the molar volume decreases slowly. There are 4 peak positions in the FTIR spectrum of borate glass which are located in the absorption regions of 822 cm-1, 950cm-1, 1335 cm-1, and 1665 cm-1 from wavelengths 700-4000. The glass material absorption spectrum has sharp peaks of light absorption at wavelengths of 350-1100 nm.
Quartz Sand “Huta Ginjang” On Physical Properties And Structure Of Phosphate Glass Medium
Authors: Hutahaean Juniar , Tambunan Four Eriska Friani , Rajagukguk Juniastel , Sarumaha Chayani S. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: December 2024

Composition glass with x Quartz Sands+(60–x)P2O5+10BaO+30Na2O (%mol) with (x = 0; 2,5; 10; 5; 10; 15; 20) and 15mol% was tested using melt-quenching technique and ball mill technique to refine quartz sand. A few of the characterization carried out distinguish physical properties and basic properties. Characterization using XRD to shows the purity of the high silicate content in quartz sand and shows that QSand-Phosphate glass has an amorphous structure after all samples are mixed. FTIR to show that QSand-Phosphate glass from Hutaginjang has a maximum transmittance absorption band but with different strain widths and heights in vibration absorption as the quartz sand increases. Based on the results of their radiation properties, the glasses in this study has the potential as optical amplifier.
Traditional Wooden Building Construction Technology in Rumoh Aceh: A Preservation Effort
Authors: Nasution Irma Novrianty , Alvan Syahreza , Yacub Mirzal , Qarinur Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The position of North Sumatra is very strategic because there are three adjacent cultural areas between homogeneous cultures, namely Aceh and West Sumatra, and North Sumatra, which has a heterogeneous culture. The uniqueness and diversity of culture in North Sumatra are enriched by the assimilation with other cultures that influence the results of physical culture in architecture, especially in the Acehnese ethnic group, namely Rumoh Aceh, which has characteristic traditional wooden buildings. Rumoh Aceh, which is still authentic, is difficult to find. Rumoh Aceh has become a cultural heritage building, some of which are maintained and juxtaposed with new types of buildings, as well as the latest construction technology. Rumoh Aceh construction has a unique and structured connection system. This study aims to identify the structural and construction systems of buildings as a preservation effort. The data was collected through observation surveys and literature studies and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to obtain an accurate picture of the object in the field. The research findings in the form of Rumoh Aceh construction are buildings with a modular form and a traditional wooden connection system that still survives and is worthy of conservation.
Influence of Diamond-Like Carbon and Electroplating Ni-Cr on hardness and surface roughness of implant material AISI 316LN
Authors: Pakpahan Binsar Maruli Tua , Pasaribu Muhammad Nuh Hudawi , Simatupang Lisnawaty , Silaban Robert
Published: December 2024

AISI 316LN is widely used in biomedical applications, specifically bone implant materials because it is easier to fabricate than titanium alloys and cobalt alloys and has a cheap price. AISI 316LN has lower hardness than titanium alloy and coblate alloy, which causes many material failures. Diamond-like Carbon is a surface treatment that may enhance a material’s mechanical qualities and resistance to corrosion. Because electroplating creates a coating on the surface, it can enhance mechanical qualities and corrosion resistance. The Diamond-like Carbon process is carried out on the AISI 316LN surface with a duration of 1.4 mbar with a coating time of 4 hours and a hardness of 40-50 HRC. In the Ni-Cr electroplating process, the nickel base coating was applied for 15 minutes, and then the Cr coating was applied for 0, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes. The results of the research show that the Diamond-Like Carbon treatment increases the roughness after being electroplating, then the roughness decreases with increasing time. The roughness of electroplating increases with increasing electroplating duration. The roughness of the combined Diamond-like Carbon treatment followed by electroplating is higher than the Dimaond-like Carbon or electroplating treatment. The hardness of the Diamond-like Carbon treatment increases with increasing duration time. Electroplating hardness increased up to 20 minutes, then the hardness value decreased with increasing electroplating duration up to 30 minutes. The combined hardness value of Diamond-like Carbon treatment followed by electroplating is the highest. Changes in grain size occur on the surface during the electroplating treatment.
Hydrological Study of Deli River Flood Discharge Using the HSS Nakayasu Model
Authors: Rahmadani Sarra , Harahap Rumilla , Yuzni Siti Zulfa , Rani Cut Meuthia , Tinov Naufal , Waruwu Jovan Anugrah , Rahmadani Siti Sari
Published: December 2024

The Deli River, in North Sumatra, is often hit by flood disasters, so studies are needed to understand the flood discharge. The aim of this research is to analyze the Deli River flood discharge using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) model. Hydrological data which includes rainfall and water discharge is used as input material to model the response of river flow to rain events in the Deli River area, especially Medan Maimun District, for a period of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 years from 2014. The results of the study show that discharge the HSS Nakayasu model flood is Q 2 : 383,403 m 3 /sec, Q 5 : 431,259 m³/sec; Q 10 : 461.897 m³/sec; Q 25 : 499.823 m³/sec; Q 50 : 527,620 m³/sec; Q 100 : 555.149 m³/sec.
Utilization Of Kijing (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) Shell Waste As A Source Of Hydroxyapatite By Double Stirring And Precipitation Methods As Biomaterials
Authors: Maghfirah Awan , Sidauruk Rahelda Irene
Published: December 2024

Research has been conducted on the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite of kijing shells. Kijing shells (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) are a potential natural resource in the Belawan mangrove forest area, North Sumatra. Kijing shells have a high calcium content which has the potential to be utilized as a calcium precursor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) using the double stirring and precipitation method at variations in sintering temperatures of 800°C, 900°C, and 1.000°C. The synthesis of HA by the precipitation method involves mixing calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) solutions through a titration process. The double stirring method combining magnetic and ultrasonic stirring improves the homogeneity of the reaction. Analysis of kijing shell ash using XRF shows that the dominant element content is the element Calcium (Ca) of 64,268% with Calcium Oxide (CaO) compounds of 52,482%. The results of characterization using XRD show that HAp obtained has a degree of crystallinity of 22,13%, 29,95%, and 32,95%, respectively. The highest degree of crystallinity value at 1000°C. The average crystal size of the three samples is 32-68 nm which meets the standards of biomedical applications. The crystal structure of the hydroxyapatite of the three samples is hexagonal. From the results of the FTIR test, the three samples obtained wave numbers indicating the functional groups 0H−, PO4
3-, CO3
2-, which are the dominant functional groups that make up hydroxyapatite. The results of SEM analysis on the hydroxyapatite of the three samples have porosity. EDX results show the Ca/P ratio of the three samples are 1,67; 1,45; and 1,61, respectively. Sample A1 has an average pore diameter of 1.960,77 nm, A2 of 1.234 nm, A3 of 925,899 nm.
Utilization of SPOT 6 Image Remote Sensing for Mapping Coral Reef and Seagrass
Authors: Taufik Rahmadi M. , Lubis Darwin Parlaungan , Rohani  , Yuniastuti Eni , Suciani Ayu , Pratama Alvin
Published: December 2024

With one of the world’s longest coastlines, Indonesia has vast marine resources like coral reefs and seagrass that are crucial for biodiversity, coastal protection, and marine tourism. However, these ecosystems are deteriorating due to sedimentation, pollution, and human activities, necessitating accurate remote sensing mapping for sustainable management. This research focuses on mapping coral reefs and seagrass cover in Simeulue Regency, Aceh, to support effective and sustainable resource management and local community welfare using SPOT 6 satellite imagery and field surveys. This study is a quantitative descriptive research aimed at mapping coral reef and seagrass cover in Simeulue Regency using SPOT 6 multispectral satellite imagery. The image data obtained are processed, including geometric and radiometric corrections, and validated through field surveys using the transect method to compare mapping results with actual field conditions. The data analysis process includes object-based image classification, accuracy testing using a confusion matrix, and reinterpretation of the map. The research results show that Simeulue Regency, located in the Indian Ocean, comprises approximately 57 islands and is known for its rich marine biodiversity, particularly coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems, which cover an area of around 26,120.31 hectares. Despite being vital for marine life and local communities, these ecosystems face threats from climate change, human activities, and natural disturbances, leading to a decline in coral cover, with only about 6% of Indonesia's coral reefs in good condition. Effective monitoring, restoration, and conservation efforts are crucial for maintaining these ecosystems and supporting the livelihoods of communities dependent on them.
Characteristics of Rare Earth Metals Rock Content in the Parmonangan Area of North Tapanuli Using Petrographic Methods
Authors: Juliani Rita , Rahmatsyah  , Tampubolon Togi , Halawa Erniwati , Sari Silvia Dona
Published: December 2024

Rare Earth Element (REE) are a commodity that continues in increase due to technological advancements. Rare earth metals are not widely know for their resources. The scarcity of rare earth metals identifies the need to search for their geological existence by characterizing the megascopic and microscopic characteristics of rocks. The research was conducted in the Parmonangan subdistrict, North Sumatera. Sampling was carried out in the outcrop area. The rock samples were prepared by making slabs 2-3 cm thick, then cutting them into chips to fit the slides for a polarizing microscope, and subsequently characterized megascopically dan microscopically. Megascropical petrology results show that the rock type is plutonic with reddish brown and yellowish brown, with a massive structure with granite, tonalite, syienite and biotite granite. The results of the microscopic characteristics obtained a rock texture with phaneritic and porphyritic granularity with fine-medium crystal sizes (<1-5 mm). The average primary mineral composition is 20-50% quartz, 20-40 % feldspar, 12-20% biotite, and 5-10% secondary minerals cassiterite, 5-10% monazite and 3-10% zircon.
Multilayer PZT/PVDF Composite Films for High-Performance Force Sensor and Energy Harvesting Applications.
Authors: Suprapto  , Eswanto  , Jubaidah  , Suprianto  , yazid Edwar , Nugraha Aditya Sukma , Azhari Budi , Ramadiansyah M.Luthfi , Fathul Hikmawan M.
Published: December 2024

The growing need for self-powered electronics has led to extensive research into highly efficient energy-harvesting technologies. This study specifically explores multilayer composite films (MCF) made of PZT/PVDF for use in sensors and energy harvesting. Thorough characterization of the MCF PZT/PVDF using SEM and AFM has provided important insights into its microstructure and surface morphology. Essential piezoelectric properties were observed using FTIR and XRD. The output voltage response and piezoelectric coefficient (d33
) of the films were measured via impact tests to assess performance under different forces. The MCF PZT/PVDF show significant promise for advancing the field of sensors, energy harvesting, and flexible electronics, providing a sustainable and efficient approach to power generation.
Hexa-β-alaninium tetradeca(bromido)tetraplumbate(II)
Authors: Tonoyan G.S. , Giester G. , Ghazaryan V.V. , Badalyan A.H. , Chilingaryan R.Yu. , Margaryan A.A. , Mkrtchyan A.H. , Petrosyan A.M.
Published: December 2024

A new compound, (β-AlaH)6(Pb4Br14) (I), where β-AlaH is a cation of β-alanine, was synthesized; it crystallizes in the triclinic space group P

1

¯

. The tetradeca(bromido)tetraplumbate(II) anion (Pb4Br14)6− is located in a general position and forms a 2D-structure. The crystal exhibits photoluminescence at ambient conditions using 405 nm laser excitation.
Investigation of Giant Radio galaxy B2 1141+37
Authors: Hovhannisyan M.A. , Mkhitaryan S.A. , Karapetyan R.A. , Sargsyan T.H. , Mahtesyan L.A. , Vardanyan J.G , Mahtessian A.P.
Published: December 2024

The giant radio galaxy B2 1141+37 consists of two high-intensity radio galaxies, B2 1141+37A and B2 1141+41B, both of which emit strongly in both the radio and optical bands. The galaxy B2 1141+37A is an FR II type galaxy with a relatively weak radio source at its center and two strong radio sources at a distance of 2-3 min in the 1400 MHz range (First catalog). In the optical range, there are two very powerful galaxies close to each other. The galaxy is located at a distance of approximately 500 Mpc (z= 0.114820 ± 2.00e-5) and has a size of 75 kpc, where we consider for calculations the Hubble Constant H= 72km/s.Mpc and q0=1/2.
High–Precision light rangefinder with phase modulation accumulation
Authors: Hayrapetyan Y , Hunanyan H , Petrosyan S
Published: December 2024

The paper suggests the possibility of reducing the modulation power by using a light modulator on a KDP crystal of a special design. For this purpose, in the light modulator, the second end of the electro–optical crystal and the clamping contact at the junction are made in the form of two orthogonal planes, the intersection line of which is parallel to one of the induced axes of the crystal. The orthogonal planes of the electro–optical crystal are made reflective. In such a crystal, the incoming beam is reflected twice without changing the modulation polarization and exits the crystal with an accumulation of modulation, leading to a decrease in microwave power and an increase in the signal–to–noise ratio by eliminating internal reflections of the crystal on the photo detector.
The effect of different doses of biofertilizers and concentrations of palm olein diethanolamide biosurfactant on the growth of cocoa seedlings
Authors: Eris F R , Nurmayulis  , Sodiq A H , Sentiya A
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varying doses of biofertilizer and the concentration of palm oil diethanolamide (DEA) biosurfactant and to analyze the potential interaction of both on the growth of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). This study used a randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor is the dose of biofertilizer (0, 10 and 20 ml), the second factor is the concentration of DEA biosurfactant (0, 5, 10 and 15%) and 3 replications. An experimental unit consisted of two cocoa seedlings. A biofertilizer consisting of a consortium of microbes, including Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Azospirillum, was applied to cacao seedlings. The results showed that the biofertilizer dosage had a significant effect on the number of leaves after 4 weeks of treatment. The concentration of DEA biosurfactant had no significant effect on any of the parameters The interaction between the dose of biofertilizer and the concentration of DEA biosurfactant affected plant height after 8 weeks. The interaction between the treatment without biofertilizer with 5% DEA and the treatment of biofertilizer 20 ml/seedling with 15% DEA was significant.
Promoting Vanda tricolor growth at the acclimatization stage: influence of rice washing water and wood charcoal-fern root medium
Authors: Rineksane Innaka Ageng , Aulia Diah , Astuti Agung , Samidjo Gatot Supangkat
Published: December 2024

Vanda tricolor is a type of orchid found exclusively on Mount Merapi’s slopes. Various efforts have been undertaken to conserve this orchid, including the growth of this species by in vitro culture and acclimatization. However, the success of orchid growth during acclimatization is heavily influenced by the planting medium and nutrients. This study aims to identify the optimal medium and nutritional source for the acclimatization of Vanda tricolor. This research was carried out in Completely Randomized Block Design using two factors. The first factor is the medium composition divided into three treatments, namely, wood charcoal, fern roots and mixed of wood charcoal and fern roots. The second factor is the source of nutrients divided into three treatments, namely no nutrients added, monosodium glutamate and rice washing water. Each treatment was replicated three times, with each replication comprising three samples. The data obtained from quantitative observations were evaluated using Analysis of Variance with a significance level of 5%. The analysis results indicated no reciprocal effect between the medium type and nutrient source on the growth of Vanda tricolor during the acclimatization phase. The findings demonstrated that the utilization of a wood charcoal-fern root medium had a more favorable impact on the acclimatization process of the Vanda tricolor orchid, as evidenced by increases in plant height, leaf number, leaf length, and leaf width. On the other hand, rice washing water is a more appropriate nutrient source for the growth of Vanda tricolor.
Design of Mobile Vertical Burner Machine Integrated with Heat Exchanger for Air Heating System of Tea Dryer Machine
Authors: Harianto Sugeng , Hajad Makbul , Purwantana Bambang
Published: December 2024

To enhance the benefit of wood pellet as source of energy for tea production, there is a need to develop an efficient wood pellet burner with high flexibility in use for tea drying process. This research aims to develop a design of a mobile vertical burner wood pellets integrated with a heat exchanger part for tea drying process. The machine was designed to supply the clean heated air for tea drying process using ball tea machine requiring temperature of 105 °C and air flow rate of 890 CFM. The vertical burner type integrated with the multi-layer heat exchanger was provided to enhance the air heating efficiency of the machine. The fin type heat exchanger was used as the primary air heat exchanger and the tube type was used as the pre-heating systems. The blower supplies air for combustion into the burner chamber with a flow rate of 360.75 CFM. The suction blower produces hot air with a flow rate of up to 1103.47 CFM. To optimize the machine performance, 2 process parameters were examined namely wood pellet input feeding rate with 3 levels (5 kg/hour, 7 kg/hour and 9 kg/hour) and output air flowrate (895.23 CFM; 1,028.55 CFM; 1,103.47 CFM). The response parameters used in this research to determine the performance of the machine are the air heating rate and air heating efficiency. The experiment was designed based on the general full factorial design. The results show that proposed design revealed to be able to provide the required air flowrate (up to 1028 cfm) and air heating temperature (up to 105 °C) for the ball tea machine. The analysis shows that the input feeding rate and output air flowrate factors are found to be significant to determine the air heating rate and air heating efficiency parameters. The optimum condition of the process parameter were at air flowrate of 1,028 CFM with input feeding rate of 5 kg/hour wood pellets to obtain the air heating efficiency at 70.83%. The mobile vertical burner design is able to offer an alternative clean hot air solution for drying agricultural products that is cheaper, cleaner, environmentally friendly with high flexibility in use.
Fiber in Millet: a Review of Content and Potential for a Functional Food Source
Authors: Nurhafsah  , Ramlah Sitti , Winanda Elisa , Syuryawati  , Hanuddin Rahmi , Dewayani Wanti , Rosniati  , Loppies Justus Elisa , Botutihe Fadlianto , Muslimin  , Fadwiwati Andi Yulyani , Andriani Ida , Nurdin Maryam , Sunanto  , Syahriati  , Saleh Rahmawati
Published: December 2024

Millet (Setaria italica) is a potential food source with high fiber content and excellent antioxidant activity. It can be used as a functional food, such as an antidiabetic. Millet is known as a nutritional cereal because it contains protein, fatty acids, fiber, minerals, and antioxidant properties. It is gluten-free. However, currently, there is still a lack of practice in using millet as a food source for people with diabetes mellitus (DM) due to various factors, including the lack of nutritional information contained in it and the fact that processed products are still very limited. This review article provides an overview of the potential of millet, starting from production and diversity, chemical composition, and daily fiber consumption needs, as well as the benefits of millet as a functional food source of fiber. This review article reports that the use of millet as a food source for diabetes mellitus (DM) sufferers can be seen from the fiber content that can meet daily fiber needs. The daily fiber requirement for DM sufferers is 25 g/day, prioritizing soluble dietary fiber. Dietary fiber, both soluble and insoluble, can reduce the risk of digestive disorders through the ability of fiber to be absorbed in the intestine. However, the lack of data related to glycemic index and glycemic load is the reason why there are no clear recommendations for Jewawut as a food source for diabetics.
Changes in Community Structure and Abundance of Parasitoids of Yellow Rice Stem Borer Eggs Due to Treatment of Several Insecticide Active Ingredients in Rice Fields
Authors: Supartha I W , Susila I W , Utama I W E K , Yasa I W S , Yudha I K W
Published: December 2024

The yellow rice stem borer is one of the main pests of rice plants in several rice production centers in Indonesia. Egg parasitoids are an effective biological control component that occurs naturally in the field. Its performance as a natural control is often disrupted by the unwise use of insecticides in the field. This study aims to evaluate the effect of several insecticide active ingredients on changes in community structure and parasitization levels of yellow rice stem borer egg parasitoids. The research used treatment with 4 types of active insecticide ingredients, namely Fipronil 50 g/l, Imidacloprid 25%, Demihipo 400 g/l, and Abamectin 18 g/l in a Randomized Block Design, each repeated 4 times. The research results showed that the egg parasitoid community found consisted of Tetrastichus schoenobii, Telenomus rowani and Trichogramma japonicum. Insecticide treatment had a significant effect on changes in the parasitoid community in the field. Increasing the level of insecticide concentration has a significant effect on the decline in the host population (YRB), changes in the composition and abundance of the population and the level of parasitization of egg parasitoids in the field. The insecticide concentration level that had the greatest influence on reducing the level of parasitization in the three types of egg parasitoids was 1.5 cc/l for Fipronil and 2 cc/l for other types of insecticide active ingredients. Plant phenology factors also influence population development and parasitization rates of parasitoids in the field.
Ontological Criteria
Authors: de Harven Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Chapter 2 argues that the Stoics strike their blow against Plato’s Father Parmenides, prising apart Something from being, by introducing two distinct ontological criteria by which to count their entities in or out, one for existence and one for those things that do not exist but are nevertheless Something that subsists. The Stoics co-opt Plato’s “dunamis proposal” that being is whatever can act or be acted upon to establish that only bodies exist. And they broaden the ontological playing field with a second criterion that screens for those things that, while not beings, are nevertheless objective particulars that subsist. This is a two-fold criterion for subsistence that admits only those entities that are both proper objects of thought (publicly available for thought) and the referents of significant discourse (non-repeatable entities that pass the Not Someone test for particularity).
The Categories, State of the Debate
Authors: de Harven Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Chapter 7 lays out the state of the debate over the Stoic Categories of body: substrate, qualified individual, individual disposed, and individual relatively disposed. Scholars have pressed the Categories into hylomorphic and subject-inherence models, found trouble for the Stoics in doing so, and then sought various workarounds, including developmental hypotheses that the Stoics arrived at these Categories only eventually and piecemeal by trial and error. However, the problems that give rise to these solutions are false problems. This chapter reconstructs the intricate interpretive moves scholars have made, questions their guiding assumptions, and challenges their textual basis in order to clear the way for an alternative account of the Categories in the next chapter.
The Incorporeals, A Grounded Account
Authors: de Harven Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Chapter 9 marshals textual and linguistic evidence that the Stoic incorporeals as a class—place, void, time, and the lekta, or sayables—are all ontologically dependent on body for their subsistence. This dependence can be understood on the model of the flow of traffic, which inherits its properties (e.g. being fast or slow, smooth or stop-and-go) from the moving cars that underlie it, without being nothing but the cars in motion. The Stoic incorporeals, likewise, inherit their spatial, temporal, and semantic properties from underlying body without being nothing but the body. The term “subsistence” thus indicates a modus essendi (or, rather, mode of being Something), being grounded in body; more specifically, the subsistence of incorporeals is best understood as an absence or privation of that body from which the incorporeal inherits its positive physical characteristics. Herein lies the Stoics’ non-reductive physicalism.
Space
Authors: de Harven Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Chapter 10 makes the case for the ontological dependence of the spatial incorporeals: place, room, surface, and void all inherit their non-solid extension from the body or bodies on which they depend. Place inherits its three-dimensional extension from the bodies that occupy or delimit it, e.g. the place my car is parked depends for its extension on my car, and the place I could park my car depends for its extension on the cars around it delimiting the parking place. Likewise, the room in the wine jar depends for its extension on the wine and the jar, and the two-dimensional surface of a desk depends for its two dimensions on the absence or privation of the desk’s solid three dimensions. Even the extra-cosmic void inherits its infinite three-dimensional extension from a body, namely the edge of the cosmos at which it begins, extending infinitely out in all directions.
Why Not Take the Intuition of Distinctness at Face Value?
Authors: Melnyk Andrew
Published: December 2024

This chapter argues that the intuition of distinctness cannot be interpreted as giving us reason to believe that introspected phenomenal properties (or qualia) are distinct from whatever physical properties we are considering as candidates for identity with the phenomenal properties—and hence that property dualism rather than physicalism (or materialism) is true. Even if the intuition of distinctness does give us reason to believe that introspected phenomenal properties are distinct from whatever physical properties we might be considering, there must still be some explanation of how the intuition arises in us. And the explanation of how it arises must be such as to make it the case that the intuition gives us reason to believe that introspected phenomenal properties are distinct from the physical properties. This chapter surveys various psychological mechanisms that might be hypothesized to meet this condition, arguing that none of them meets this condition, and infers that probably no mechanisms meet the condition. In the course of the argument, the chapter defends an unorthodox version of representationalism and offers positive accounts of what makes our introspective knowledge of phenomenal properties special, how introspection could tell us that an introspected property is physical, and what the subjectivity of phenomenal properties could be.
Grace Abounding
Authors: Bunyan John
Published: December 2024

A Preface

Or brief Account of the publishing of this Work:

Written by the Author thereof, and dedicated to those whom God hath counted him worthy to beget to Faith, by his Ministry in the Word.

CHildren, Grace be with you, Amen. ...
Analysis of antigen specificity of Treg clonotypes expanded upon SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Takeuchi Yukiko , Ishikawa Eri , Sato Takashi , Shinkai Masaharu , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Lu Xiuyuan , Yamasaki Sho
Published: December 2024

The pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened human health worldwide. Among protective immune reactions, T cell responses are diverse among individuals, which is related to the differences in severity. A T cell subset, regulatory T (Treg) cells, is crucial for limiting excessive immune responses. If SARS-CoV-2–specific Tregs are developed during infection, they may counteract antiviral immunity and cause severe symptoms. To address this possibility, we conducted single-cell TCR-RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from convalescent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Among 13 donors, one with severe symptoms had substantially more FOXP3-expressing Treg clonotypes activated in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virion or other major antigen proteins. To define the reactivity of these Treg clonotypes, 15 highly expanded Treg clonotypes were reconstituted into reporter cells and stimulated with 27 distinct peptide pools that cover all SARS-CoV-2 proteins. However, none of these clonotypes react to any SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Instead, the reporter cells expressing one TCR clonotype (23599) were activated in the presence of Epstein–Barr virus-transformed B cells without adding exogenous antigens. Furthermore, 23599 TCR-expressing cells were activated by non-transformed naïve syngeneic B cells in a DQA1*03:03-DQB1*04:01-dependent manner, suggesting that clonotype 23599 may be autoreactive. This Treg clonotype, 23599, was also detected in a public TCR database and significantly expanded in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy donors. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is not the dominant antigen inducing Treg cells during infection.
Long-term cultivation of grass-legume mixtures changed the assembly process of the microbial community and increased microbial community stability
Authors: Yan Huilin , Jin Xin , Zhou Xueli , Gu Songsong , Wu Xuexia , Li Ping , Shi Dejun , Liu Hanjiang , Lu Guangxin , Deng Ye
Published: December 2024

Grass-legume mixtures are a common cultivation system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms and crops under long-term cultivation are complex and dynamic. Investigating the dynamic changes in microbial community structure and ecological functions is essential. This study investigated the dynamic interactions of rhizosphere microbial communities of Elymus nutans Griseb. cv. Aba and Medicago sativa L. cv. Beilin in a grass-legume mixture at a 1:1 ratio over four years on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The research focused on their long-term effects on plant productivity, soil health, and microbial functions. The results revealed a decline in grass yield and soil properties in the fourth year (P < 0.05) and significant year-to-year differences in bacterial α-diversity (P < 0.05). Molecular ecological network analysis showed greater stability in the bacterial network of legumes in the first year, with reduced robustness by the fourth year. Additionally, the average niche widths of bacterial and fungal communities were narrower in the first year than in the fourth, indicating microbial adaptation to the evolving environmental conditions within the mixture system. The transition of bacterial community assembly processes from stochastic to deterministic suggests a shift towards more structured and predictable microbial interactions over time. In conclusion, the results highlight the intricate interplay between plant productivity, soil health, microbial community dynamics, and ecosystem stability under long-term planting of grass-legume mixtures. Our results provide new insights into biomass changes and microbial dynamics in this planting system.
Beyond electronic health record data: leveraging natural language processing and machine learning to uncover cognitive insights from patient-nurse verbal communications
Authors: Zolnoori Maryam , Zolnour Ali , Vergez Sasha , Sridharan Sridevi , Spens Ian , Topaz Maxim , Noble James M , Bakken Suzanne , Hirschberg Julia , Bowles Kathryn , Onorato Nicole , McDonald Margaret V
Published: December 2024

Background

Mild cognitive impairment and early-stage dementia significantly impact healthcare utilization and costs, yet more than half of affected patients remain underdiagnosed. This study leverages audio-recorded patient-nurse verbal communication in home healthcare settings to develop an artificial intelligence-based screening tool for early detection of cognitive decline.

Objective

To develop a speech processing algorithm using routine patient-nurse verbal communication and evaluate its performance when combined with electronic health record (EHR) data in detecting early signs of cognitive decline.

Method

We analyzed 125 audio-recorded patient-nurse verbal communication for 47 patients from a major home healthcare agency in New York City. Out of 47 patients, 19 experienced symptoms associated with the onset of cognitive decline. A natural language processing algorithm was developed to extract domain-specific linguistic and interaction features from these recordings. The algorithm’s performance was compared against EHR-based screening methods. Both standalone and combined data approaches were assessed using F1-score and area under the curve (AUC) metrics.

Results

The initial model using only patient-nurse verbal communication achieved an F1-score of 85 and an AUC of 86.47. The model based on EHR data achieved an F1-score of 75.56 and an AUC of 79. Combining patient-nurse verbal communication with EHR data yielded the highest performance, with an F1-score of 88.89 and an AUC of 90.23. Key linguistic indicators of cognitive decline included reduced linguistic diversity, grammatical challenges, repetition, and altered speech patterns. Incorporating audio data significantly enhanced the risk prediction models for hospitalization and emergency department visits.

Discussion

Routine verbal communication between patients and nurses contains critical linguistic and interactional indicators for identifying cognitive impairment. Integrating audio-recorded patient-nurse communication with EHR data provides a more comprehensive and accurate method for early detection of cognitive decline, potentially improving patient outcomes through timely interventions. This combined approach could revolutionize cognitive impairment screening in home healthcare settings.
Increased walking pace reduces the rate of erectile dysfunction: results from a multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fang Yuekun , Chen Shengyi , Huang Chenxiao , Deng Xinmin , Lai Rui , Lv Xiaofeng , Cheng Bin
Published: December 2024

Background

Previous observational studies have identified a potential association between walking and the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED); however, the causal relationship between them remains unclear.

Aim

This study aims to explore the causal relationship between walking and ED using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

MR analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data related to walking pace. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary MR analysis method. To supplement the IVW results, two additional MR methods were used: MR-Egger and weighted median (WM). Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Furthermore, multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was employed to evaluate the causal relationship after adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Outcomes

The moderating effects of different walking phenotypes on ED.

Results

According to the IVW method, genetically predicted walking pace was found to have a reverse causal relationship with the risk of ED (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.12-0.51). Similar causal effects were observed using the other two MR methods, with statistical significance found in the WM method and validation through sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, MVMR analysis confirmed that the protective effect of increased walking pace on reducing the risk of ED remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders.

Clinical Implications

Encouraging men to engage in brisk walking could be an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of ED.

Strengths and Limitations

This study utilized large-scale GWAS summary data on walking and ED and employed a two-sample, multivariable MR design to minimize confounding factors and reverse causation, enabling the derivation of credible causal effects. It is essential to obtain GWAS data from other populations and replicate this MR analysis to validate the results, as well as conduct further research to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that there is an inverse causal relationship between walking pace and ED risk, and brisk walking may be an independent protective factor against ED.
Proceedings before the ICC and the Ad Hoc Tribunals—Overview of and Special Issues
Authors: Ambos Kai
Published: December 2024

This chapter outlines the proceedings before the ICC and the Ad Hoc Tribunals. It provides an overview of the three phases of international criminal procedure, which are the investigation phase, the intermediate proceedings, and the trial. Moreover, the investigation phase is subdivided into ‘preliminary examination’ and ‘formal investigation’. The chapter explains the importance of all judges of the respective Chamber to be physically and mentally present for the final judgment. It then discusses special issues concerning the ICC and ad hoc tribunals, referencing the selection and prioritization as key elements of a prosecutorial strategy as one of the special issues.
Evidence and Disclosure
Authors: Ambos Kai
Published: December 2024

This chapter focuses on the key concepts of evidence and disclosure, particularly in line with the ICC. It discusses the law of evidence, which includes the main areas of evidence before international criminal tribunals such as witness and documentary evidence. Moreover, the significance of evidence highly correlates to its relevance, probative value (reliability), and fundamental procedural principles. Meanwhile, the notion of disclosure revolves around the mandatory divulging of information to litigation opponents according to procedural rules. The chapter explains that at the ICC, the Statute and the Rules distinguish between disclosure stricto sensu and communication, which is correlated to the provision of the Chamber's disclosed material.
Showing how Surfuraz Khan and his party got into a scrape, and how they were extricated therefrom
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

When we returned we had a good laugh over our success. The adventure was novel to us all, and we pictured to ourselves the mortification and chagrin of the robbers, when they should arrive, at finding their stronghold plundered of all its valuables, and...
Chapter XI
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

He is a man‚ take him for all in all,
I shall not look upon his like again.

Hamlet, Act I, scene ii

At the expiration of a week, Ameer Ali sent word to me that he was ready to resume his narrative, and...
An Essay concerning Human Understanding
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

In An Essay concerning Human Understanding, John Locke sets out his theory of knowledge and how we acquire it. Eschewing doctrines of innate principles and ideas, Locke shows how all our ideas, even the most abstract and complex, are grounded in human experience and attained by sensation of external things or reflection upon our own mental activities. A thorough examination of the communication of ideas through language and the conventions of taking words as signs of ideas paves the way for his penetrating critique of the limitations of ideas and the extent of our knowledge of ourselves, the world, God, and morals.

Locke’s masterpiece laid the foundation of British empiricism and is of enduring interest to anyone exploring the development of philosophical thought. This sensitive abridgement uses P. H. Nidditch’s authoritative text, and together with an illuminating introduction and other features, makes Locke’s arguments more accessible.
Of simple Ideas of both Sensation and Reflection .
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. There be other simple Ideas, which convey themselves into the Mind, by all the ways of Sensation and Reflection, viz.

Pleasure, or Delight, and its opposite.

Pain, or Uneasiness.

Power.

Existence.

Unity.

Pleasure and Pain....
Some farther Considerations concerning our simple Ideas.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Concerning the simple Ideas of Sensation ’tis to be considered, That whatsoever is so constituted in Nature, as to be able, by affecting our Senses, to cause any perception in the Mind, doth thereby produce in the Understanding a...
Of Modes of Pleasure and Pain.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Amongst the simple Ideas, which we receive both from Sensation and Reflection, Pain and Pleasure are two very considerable ones. For as in the Body, there is Sensation barely in it self, or...
Of Collective Ideas of Substances.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Besides these complex Ideas of several single Substances, as of Man, Horse, Gold, Violet, Apple, etc. the Mind hath also complex collective Ideas of Substances; which I so call, because such Ideas are...
Of what befell our knight after he had sallied out from the inn.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

It was about break of day, when Don Quixote issued forth from the inn, so satisfied, so gay, so blithe, to see himself knighted, that the joy thereof almost burst his horse’s girths. But recollecting the advice of his host concerning the necessary provisions...
The continuation of Don Quixote’s curious discourse upon arms and letters.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote, continuing his discourse, said:

‘Since in speaking of the scholar, we began with his poverty, and its several branches, let us see whether the soldier be richer. And we shall find that poverty itself is not poorer: for he depends on his...
Of what passed between the priest; the barber, and Don Quixote, concerning his indisposition.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote de la Mancha

SECOND PART

Cid Hamet Ben Engeli relates, in the second part of this history, and third sally of Don Quixote, that the priest and the barber were almost a whole month* without seeing him, lest they...
Which treats of the notable quarrel between Sancho Panza and Don Quixote’s niece and housekeeper, with other pleasant occurrences.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The history relates, that the outcry which Don Quixote, the priest, and the barber heard, was raised by the niece and the housekeeper, who were defending the door against Sancho Panza, who was striving to get in to see Don Quixote.

‘What would this paunchgutted...
Of the strange adventure, which befell the valorous Don Quixote, with the brave Knight of the Looking-glasses.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote and his squire passed the night ensuing the encounter with Death under some lofty and shady trees. Don Quixote, at Sancho’s persuasion, refreshed himself with some of the provisions carried by Dapple; and, during supper, Sancho said to his master:

‘Sir, what a...
In which is continued the adventure of the Knight of the Wood.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Among sundry discourses which passed between Don Quixote and the Knight of the Wood, the history tells us that he of the Wood said to Don Quixote:

‘In short, Sir Knight, I would have you to know, that my destiny, or rather my choice,...
Giving an account of the method prescribed for disenchanting the peerless Dulcinea del Toboso; which is one of the most famous adventures of this book.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Great was the pleasure the duke and duchess received from the conversation of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza; and, persisting in the design they had of playing them some tricks, which should carry the semblance and face of adventures, they took a hint from...
Which relates how Don Quixote took his leave of the duke, and of what befell him with the witty and wanton Altisidora, one of the duchess’s waiting-women.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote now thought it high time to quit so idle a life as that he had led in the castle, thinking he committed a great fault in suffering his person to be thus confined, and in living lazily amidst the infinite pleasures and...