bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering Positive Stuttering Identities Using Stutter-Affirming Therapy
Authors: Constantino Christopher Dominick
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

School-age children and adolescents frequently have difficulty developing positive identities around their stuttering. Many students experience both physical and social consequences from stuttering. The great lengths that speakers go to try to hide their stuttering and to speak fluently increase their difficulty. As long as school-age children who stutter try to identify as fluent speakers, they will have difficulty lessening the negative impact of stuttering on their lives. Fortunately, many people who stutter also report positive stuttering experiences. Speech-language pathologists can use these positive experiences to help school-age children grow more comfortable with stuttering. They can also help school-age children reduce some of the speaking effort and social stigma that leads them to try to conceal their stuttering in the first place. To accomplish both these goals, I propose a stutter-affirming therapy.

Method:

This clinical focus article summarizes previous research about identity development in stuttering. I discuss a therapy approach I call stutter-affirming therapy. In elucidating this approach, I discuss practical ways that speech-language pathologists can use to help school-age children develop positive stuttering identities through easier speaking and stuttering. I ground these examples in a case study of a 12-year-old boy who stutters.

Discussion:

stutter-affirming therapy focuses on conditioning the speaker's reaction to stuttering in ways that move toward and embrace stuttering (stutterphilic reactions) rather than in ways that move away from and reject stuttering (stutterphobic reactions). Speech-language pathologists can help school-age children who stutter foster positive stuttering identities using the three priorities of stutter-affirming therapy. First, reject fluency by reducing stutterphobic and increasing stutterphilic reactions to stuttering. Second, value stuttering by discovering what speakers gain from it. Third, create an environment in which it is easier to stutter through education, advocacy, disclosure, and voluntary stuttering.
Robust state and output feedback prescribed performance interval type‐3 fuzzy reinforcement learning controller for an unmanned aerial vehicle with actuator saturation
Authors: Elhaki Omid , Shojaei Khoshnam , Mohammadzadeh Ardashir
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a novel adaptive reinforcement learning control method with interval type‐3 fuzzy neural networks to improve the trajectory tracking control performance of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles in challenging flight conditions. The proposed reinforcement learning controller is independent of the system's dynamics, and only relies on measurable signals of the system. An adaptive robust controller in collaboration with the suggested reinforcement learning method is designed to significantly improve the robustness of the control system. The maximum overshoot/undershoot, convergence rate and final tracking accuracy are ensured a priori by the prescribed performance control methodology. To develop the proposed controller and to achieve a high‐performance closed‐loop system, a high‐gain observer is employed in order to estimate the velocity and acceleration of the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles system. The uniform ultimate boundedness stability of the proposed control algorithm is achieved by a Lyapunov‐based stability analysis. Finally, in the simulation section, it is shown that the presented intelligent controller with the proposed learning algorithm result in a better performance in contrast to the other kind of conventional control techniques.
Plasma‐activated ethanol solution and it's decontamination effect
Authors: Li YiQian , Liu JiaLin , Zhao Feng , Song Ke , Nie LanLan , Liu DaWei , Lu XinPei
Published: December 2022

Ethanol solution as a disinfectant has been widely used in various fields. However, it has a significant bactericidal capability only when the volume fraction of ethanol is around 70%–75%. For such high concentration of ethanol solution, it has an irritating smell. When it is used for applications such as wound disinfection, it causes a stinging sensation. Low concentrations of ethanol solution are less irritating, but it is also less effective at killing bacteria. In this study, an idea for producing a green, efficient and less irritating disinfectant is proposed. It is based on a plasma‐activated low‐concentration ethanol solution (PAES). It is found that the plasma‐activated 10% volume fraction of ethanol solution can kill more than seven orders of magnitude of Escherichia coli, while the untreated 10% volume fraction of ethanol solution has no bactericidal effect. Besides, the PAES's activity remains unchanged after being stored at for three days. Further investigation shows that new compositions including peracetic acid, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid are detected in the PAES, which together are playing the main role of the excellent and prolonged bactericidal effect.
Analysis of Flap Failures in Microvascular Head and Neck Reconstructions: 11-Year Single-Center Results
Authors: Jokinen Daria , Kuuskeri Marika , Helminen Mika , Kääriäinen Minna
Published: December 2022

Background Free flap reconstruction is the gold standard in head and neck reconstructions. The current article analyzes failed free flaps in the head and neck region during an 11-year period in a single center aiming to discover factors that could be influenced in order to reduce the risk for flap failure.

Methods During the 11-year study period, 336 patients underwent free flap reconstruction at Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. The patients' average age was 62 years (range 14–92 years). Note that 201 (61.5%) of the patients were women and 135 (38.5%) men. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, comorbidities, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, free flap type, area of reconstruction, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Statistical analyses were performed.

Results Ten (3%) of the 336 free flaps failed. Patients' age, comorbidities, smoking, dosage of anticoagulation, free flap type, or the location of the defect did not influence the risk of flap failure. All lost flaps were postoperatively followed by clinical monitoring only. In contrast, 89% of all flaps had both Licox (Integra LifeSciences Corp, NJ) and clinical follow-up postoperatively. In six (60%) of the failed cases, a second free flap surgery was performed as a salvage procedure, with a survival rate of 83.3%.

Conclusion Our free flap success rate of 97% is in accordance with that of other centers that perform head and neck reconstructions. According to our findings, free flap reconstructions can be successfully performed on elderly patients and patients with comorbidities. Smoking did not increase the flap loss rate. We encourage the use of other methods in addition to clinical monitoring to follow the flaps after head and neck free flap reconstructions. All flap types used have high success rates, and reconstruction can be conducted with the most suitable flaps for the demands of the defect.
Preliminary Observation on the Usefulness of Homoeopathic Medicine Lapis albus 30 Centesimal Potency in Hypertriglyceridaemia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Vinitha Edavattath Ramanan
Published: December 2022

Background Hypertriglyceridaemia is a clinical condition where the serum triglyceride level rises above the normal value of 150 mg/dL. It often leads to cardiovascular diseases, and severe hypertriglyceridaemia increases the risk for pancreatitis. All lipid-lowering drugs used in conventional medicines are reported to have adverse side effects. In this scenario, it is prudent to explore a drug that effectively reduces the triglyceride level, without any side effects, in a relatively shorter time. This study aimed to highlight the action of Lapis albus 30 centesimal (30C) in reducing hypertriglyceridaemia.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study of case records of patients who were under medicine Lapis albus 30C for hypertriglyceridaemia, irrespective of age and gender, in outpatient department of National Homoeopathy Research Institute in Mental Health, Kerala, was done. Pre- and post-intervention fasting lipid profile values were analysed and evaluated for the study.

Result There was a clinically important difference in triglyceride level after administration of Lapis albus 30C in 23 cases out of a total of 25 cases.

Conclusion The present study indicates that the medicine Lapis albus 30C can be useful in reducing hypertriglyceridaemia and lends support for exploring the possibility of this medicine in a larger study sample.
Factor XIII Deficiency Managed With Individualized Homoeopathic Medicine In Intellectually Disabled Child: An Evidence Based Case Report
Authors: Shaikh Afroz , Kundu Tapas , Ghosh Kanjaksha , Kumat Omkar , Mirza Gulfisha
Published: December 2022

Factor XIII deficiency is an inherited bleeding disorder, which is rare, ∼1 in 5,000,000, while its combination with an intellectual disability is seldom. It is mostly a result of genetic mutation caused due to consanguineous marriage. Due to deficiency of fibrin stabilising factor, a clot formed is weak and leads to fibrinolysis, which is evident as unstoppable bleeding from umbilical cord stump, epistaxis and bleeding from various organs. The condition is made worst due to intellectual disability as the patient is more prone to injuries due to lack of knowledge of impending dangers. The latest provision of gene therapy is yet to be achieved in such cases and therefore the biggest challenge lies in keeping these patients fit and functional with optimum quality of life. The anxiety of parents is intensified due to the overall condition of the patient. This case report presents homoeopathic management of one such case. The patient was under treatment for almost a decade. Acute homoeopathic medicines efficiently managed acute haemorrhagic episodes. Constitutional medicine Bufo Rana was prescribed in the asymptomatic phase, which helped to reduce the frequency and intensity of bleeding and also helped to improve social quotient of the patient. The social quotient was assessed employing the Vineland Social Maturity Scale, and the result shows that the social quotient of the patient has improved from 8.3 to 41.66. The anxiety of parents also reduced, which was measured using the Family Interview for Stress and Coping in Mental Retardation Scale. The case analysis was done using a paired t-test. The p-value is less than 0.0001 and highly significant. The evaluation of the homoeopathic treatment was done using modified Naranjo criteria for homoeopathy. Homoeopathy medicines efficiently managed the acute episodes of bleeding and also showed improvement in the intellectual disability.
Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Chronic Kidney Diseases
Authors: Zilli Marcus Vinicius Pinheiro , Borovac-Pinheiro Anderson , Costa Maria Laura , Surita Fernanda Garanhani
Published: December 2022

Objective To assess maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at a referral center for high-risk pregnancy.

Methods A retrospective cohort of pregnant women with CKD was followed at the Women's Hospital of Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, between 2012 and 2020. Variables related to disease etiology, treatment duration, sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, other associated diseases, obstetric history, and perinatal outcomes were assessed. The causes of CKD were grouped into 10 subgroups. Subsequently, we divided the sample according to gestational age at childbirth, as preterm and term births, comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes, and baseline characteristics as well as outcomes among such groups.

Results A total of 84 pregnancies were included, in 67 women with CKD. Among them, six pregnancies evolved to fetal death, five to miscarriage, and one was a twin pregnancy. We further analyzed 72 single pregnancies with live births; the mean gestational age at birth was 35 weeks and 3 days, with a mean birth weight of 2,444 g. Around half of the sample (51.39%) presented previous hypertension, and 27.7% developed preeclampsia. Among the preterm births, we observed a higher frequency of hypertensive syndromes, longer maternal intensive care unit (ICU) stay in the postpartum period, higher incidence of admission to the neonatal ICU, higher neonatal death, lower 5-minute Apgar score, and lower birth weight.

Conclusion This study demonstrates increased adverse outcomes among pregnancies complicated by CKD and expands the knowledge on obstetric care among such women in an attempt to reduce maternal risks and identify factors related to prematurity in this population.
Role of Homoeopathy in Managing Chronic Paronychia: A Pretest–Posttest Interventional Study
Authors: Choubey Gurudev , Nahar Laijun , Purkait Rajib , Banerjee Abhiram , Roja Varanasi
Published: December 2022

Background Chronic paronychia (CP), one of the commonest recalcitrant nail disorders, is a troublesome source of considerable discomfort to the patients, which negatively affects the quality of life (QoL) mainly of the housewives reporting in the Indian subcontinent.

Objective The aim of this study is to assess the utility of individualised homoeopathic treatment (IHT) in managing painful episodes with the improvement in QoL of CP patients.

Method A pretest–posttest clinical study was conducted on 40 patients with CP. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were the outcome measures, assessed at baseline and after 2 months of IHT. Modified Naranjo Criteria (MNC) evaluated the possible causal attribution of IHT.

Results There was a statistically significant reduction in pain NRS score (8.89 ± 0.84 vs 2.97 ± 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.44–6.39; p < 0.01) as well as DLQI score (19.35 ± 2.95 vs 3.59 ± 1.99; 95% CI = 15.06–16.45; p < 0.01) among 37 patients. The large effect size derived (4.17) clinically, substantiates the beneficial effects in managing the painful episodes of CP. The MNC scores (7–10) ascertained the likelihood of improvement due to IHT.

Conclusion IHT significantly reduced the pains due to CP and improved the QoL. Further studies are warranted with enhanced methodology.
Lichen Spinulosus: Successfully Treated with Individualised Homoeopathic Treatment – A Case Report
Authors: Dastagiri P. , Savera Kaushal Kumar
Published: December 2022

Lichen spinulosus (LS) is a rare skin disorder that belongs to the family of Follicular Keratotic disorder, primarily seen in children. Its prevalence is more in boys, rarely in adults. The aetiology of this condition is still indefinite, but genetic predominance was noted. The skin lesions are follicular hyperkeratotic papules grouped into large patches, mainly on the neck and buttocks, abdomen and the extensor surface of arms and legs. The individual lesions are flat to conical projections, 1 to 3 mm in diameter, which bears a hair-like horny spine, protruding approximately 1 to 2 mm above the surface, which are the characteristics of this disease. This case of an 8-year-old boy was reported in the outpatient department of our institute and diagnosed as LS. This case report aims to show the importance of individualised prescription based on the totality of symptoms (TOS) in homoeopathic treatment; even the name of the disease is not mentioned in the homoeopathic literature. From the constructed TOS and constitution of the patient, Calcarea Phosphoricum 200C medicine was prescribed, which improved this condition successfully without using any topicals.
Review on Ethics in Research – Homoeopathic Perspective
Authors: Sahoo Amulya Ratna , Damodaran Banupriya , Nayak Chaturbhuja , Prusty Umakanta , Ghosh Priyanka
Published: December 2022

Ethics is a moral principle that governs a system. Research ethics may be defined as doing what is morally and legally right in research. Despite dealing with human beings, homoeopathy research deals with human clinical, pre-clinical (drug proving) trials, preclinical animal studies, veterinary studies and plant studies that demand varied ethical strategies. The importance of ethics in medical research is mandated to avoid adverse events before, during and after the trials. Ethics in medical practice and medical research is based on Nuremberg's Code and Declaration of Helsinki. The two major guidelines in the homoeopathic medical research publications are Reporting data on Homeopathic treatments (RedHot): A supplement to Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for clinical trials and Reporting Experiments in Homeopathic Basic Research (REHBaR). This article discusses the evolution of ethics in medical research, principles of ethics, components to be considered pre-trial, during and post-trial. The evolution of strategies based on the principles of ethics in medical research is correlated.
Information and Data Visualization Needs among Direct Care Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lindroth Heidi L. , Pinevich Yuliya , Barwise Amelia K. , Fathma Sawsan , Diedrich Daniel , Pickering Brian W. , Herasevich Vitaly
Published: December 2022

Objectives Intensive care unit (ICU) direct care nurses spend 22% of their shift completing tasks within the electronic health record (EHR). Miscommunications and inefficiencies occur, particularly during patient hand-off, placing patient safety at risk. Redesigning how direct care nurses visualize and interact with patient information during hand-off is one opportunity to improve EHR use. A web-based survey was deployed to better understand the information and visualization needs at patient hand-off to inform redesign.

Methods A multicenter anonymous web-based survey of direct care ICU nurses was conducted (9–12/2021). Semi-structured interviews with stakeholders informed survey development. The primary outcome was identifying primary EHR data needs at patient hand-off for inclusion in future EHR visualization and interface development. Secondary outcomes included current use of the EHR at patient hand-off, EHR satisfaction, and visualization preferences. Frequencies, means, and medians were calculated for each data item then ranked in descending order to generate proportional quarters using SAS v9.4.

Results In total, 107 direct care ICU nurses completed the survey. The majority (46%, n = 49/107) use the EHR at patient hand-off to verify exchanged verbal information. Sixty-four percent (n = 68/107) indicated that current EHR visualization was insufficient. At the start of an ICU shift, primary EHR data needs included hemodynamics (mean 4.89 ± 0.37, 98%, n = 105), continuous IV medications (4.55 ± 0.73, 93%, n = 99), laboratory results (4.60 ± 0.56, 96%, n = 103), mechanical circulatory support devices (4.62 ± 0.72, 90%, n = 97), code status (4.40 ± 0.85, 59%, n = 108), and ventilation status (4.35 + 0.79, 51%, n = 108). Secondary outcomes included mean EHR satisfaction of 65 (0–100 scale, standard deviation = ± 21) and preferred future EHR user-interfaces to be organized by organ system (53%, n = 57/107) and visualized by tasks/schedule (61%, n = 65/107).

Conclusion We identified information and visualization needs of direct care ICU nurses. The study findings could serve as a baseline toward redesigning an EHR interface.
Pulmonary function and medication effect in mild-stage subjects with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Oliveira Renata Terra de , Santos Fabiana Maria dos , Ramos Alessandro Gomes , Seki Karla Luciana Magnani , Müller Paulo de Tarso , Christofoletti Gustavo
Published: December 2022

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) causes a series of movement disorders, many of them starting in the early stage.

Objective To analyze the pulmonary function of mild-stage subjects with PD and to investigate the effects of levodopa on it.

Methods We included 21 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 healthy control subjects. The participants were submitted to spirometry and impulse oscillometry assessments. The PD patients were evaluated during the “off” and “on” phases of their anti-PD medication, which was was converted to levodopa in an equivalent daily dose. A statistical analysis was performed with cross-sectional (PD patients “off” medication versus controls) and paired (PD patients “off” medication versus PD patients “on” medication) tests. The effect of levodopa was calculated with partial Eta-squared (η2
ρ). Significance was set at 5%.

Results The PD patients presented normal values in the impulse oscillometry. Regarding spirometry, the results indicated an incipient obstructive ventilatory disorder in the PD group – confirmed by patients' flow-volume curves. The PD patients received a daily dose of 354.7 ± 148.2 mg of levodopa. The paired analyses showed a small effect of anti-PD medication on pulmonary parameters (η2
ρ = 0.197 for spirometry and η2
ρ= 0.043 for impulse oscillometry).

Conclusion Patients with PD in the mild stage of the disease present pulmonary compliance and resistance compatible with normal parameters. The differences regarding the spirometric results indicate an incipient obstructive ventilatory disorder in patients with PD. Levodopa had small effect on pulmonary function in the mild stage of the disease.
A clinical evaluation of gelastic and dacrystic seizures: a multicenter study
Authors: Demir Aylin Bican , Öz Başak Yılmaz , Yıldız Mustafa Onur , Türk Bengi Gül , Tanrıverdi Taner , Bekar Ahmet , Yeni Naz , Bora İbrahim
Published: December 2022

Background Gelastic seizures are extremely rare, short-lasting, unprovoked, and uncontrollable laughing attacks. We conducted this retrospective evaluation to determine whether these symptoms, manifesting in different forms, such as cheerful laughter, laughing, smiling, and sobbing had any value in terms of etiology or localization.

Methods A total of 31 patients who exhibited bouts of laughing or crying and who were under follow-up between 2000 and 2019 at tertiary epilepsy centers were included in the study. Laughing seizures were divided into three groups in terms of semiology (i.e., laughter with mirth, laughter without mirth, and smile). Dacrystic seizures were accompanied by some gelastic seizures and were divided into two groups in terms of semiology (i.e., weeping loudly [motor and voice-sobbing] and crying).

Results Of the 27 patients with laughing seizures, 12 had seizures that manifested with smiling, 7 had seizures that manifested with laughing and mirth, and 8 had seizures that manifested with laughter without mirth. Dacrystic-gelastic seizures were observed in four patients, among whom 2 patients had crying and laughter without mirth and 2 patients had weeping loudly and laughter without mirth episodes.

Conclusion Gelastic and dacrystic seizures often suggest hypothalamic hamartomas, in the literature. This rare ictal behavior can originate from different cortical locations and lesions of a different nature. However, we found that gelastic seizures with smiling were a more homogenous group with regard to location in the temporal lobe, which we aimed to show by evaluating the patients included in this study.
Assessment of Pelvic Floor Disorders due to the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sartorão Filho Carlos Izaias , Barbosa Angélica Mércia Pascon , Calderon Iracema de Mattos Paranhos , Rudge Marilza Vieira Cunha
Published: December 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)is an entity with evolving conceptual nuances that deserve full consideration. Gestational diabetes leads to complications and adverse effects on the mother's and infants' health during and after pregnancy. Women also have a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) related to the hyperglycemic status during pregnancy. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanism is still uncertain. We conducted a narrative review discussing the impact of GDM on the women's pelvic floor and performed image assessment using three-dimensional ultrasonography to evaluate and predict future UI.
Comparison of Clinical and Functional Outcomes after Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection and Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of de Quervain's Tenosynovitis
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Talwar Jatin , Rustagi Ashish , Krishna Loveneesh G. , Sharma Vinod Kumar
Published: December 2022

Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has local anti-inflammatory actions, which is being used as a treatment in various tendinopathies.

Purpose The aim of the study is to compare the clinical results of PRP injection and corticosteroid injection in the management of de Quervain's tenosynovitis (DQTSV).

Patients and Methods In this prospective study, 60 patients of DQTSV, fulfilling the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomised into two groups. In group 1 (n = 30), patients received a single injection of autologous PRP and in group 2 (n = 30) they received a single injection of corticosteroid (methylprednisolone). All patients were followed up at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year for evaluation by Finkelstein test, visual analogue scale (VAS), DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score, and Modified Mayo Wrist score (MMWS).

Results In both the groups improvement occurred in Finkelstein test, VAS score, DASH score, and MMWS which were found to be statistically significant at all points of follow-ups when compared to the pre-intervention values. Comparison of scores between the two groups did not show any statistical significance. No complications were reported in PRP group. Statistically significant complications (p-value = 0.026) like subcutaneous fat atrophy, depigmentation, and temporary increase in pain were seen in eight patients in the corticosteroid group with an overall complication rate of 26.67%.

Conclusion Both the modalities are equally effective in the management of DQTSV remittance. PRP is equally effective as corticosteroid in reducing symptoms of first dorsal compartment stenosing tenosynovitis. PRP may have a lower complication profile, however, this benefit should be weighed against the slight increase in cost and time of PRP preparation and injection.

Level of Evidence Level 2, prospective comparative study.
A corpus-based interpretation of the discourse–cognitive–society triangle on Chinese court judgments
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Cheng Le , Yang Yi
Published: December 2022

A court judgment is a common legal discourse and the final carrier of court trial activities. From the perspective of socio-cognitive discourse analysis, this study aims to describe and explore the Chinese court judgments in a corpus-based method, concentrating on the interactions among discourse, cognitive, and social dimensions. We have three key findings through an empirical qualitative analysis of the court judgments in China. First, the discourse dimension of Chinese court judgments is both society-oriented and cognition-oriented. The discourse components could mark the cognition sources in court judgments. Second, the cognitive source of faith is a part of social cognition on law and regulation, and induction and paraphrase provide the personal cognition to testimony, documentary, or hearsay evidence. Besides, the cognitive source of inference could change personal cognition into a social consensus through a reasoning process. Third, the social function of court judgments corresponds to the cognitive source and builds the surface structure with various discourse components. Moreover, a probe into the multi-dimensional relationship in court judgments can offer practical insights into the interpretation of legal texts in Chinese judicial decision-making.
Spin Hall magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic
α
-Fe2O3/Pt bilayers: Modulation from interface magnetic state
Authors: Zhang T. Z. , Meng K. K. , Shi X. , Deng Y. B. , Zhu L. B. , Xu X. G. , Jiang Y.
Published: December 2022

In this work, we have prepared an antiferromagnetic insulated α-Fe2O3 film with a large out-of-plane magnetic component and studied the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in α-Fe2O3/Pt bilayers. Both angular-dependent magnetoresistance and field-dependent magnetoresistance have featured a sign change characteristic with varying temperature, which is ascribed to the competition between a modulated interface magnetic state and an antiferromagnetic bulk state of the α-Fe2O3 film. According to a generalized theoretical model, which takes the effective spin conductance into consideration, the spin transport can be mathematically expressed as the change of field dependent average spin operators with varying temperature. The critical temperature also depends on the α-Fe2O3 film thickness and the magnetic field, which are ascribed to the magnons transport and long-range order of non-collinear spin textures, respectively. Furthermore, we have given a phenomenological form to fit the SMR curves in the critical temperature interval, which further reveals the origin of SMR with complex magnetic structures.
On adiabatic theory for extended fermionic lattice systems
Authors: Henheik Joscha , Wessel Tom
Published: December 2022

We review recent results on adiabatic theory for ground states of extended gapped fermionic lattice systems under several different assumptions. More precisely, we present generalized super-adiabatic theorems for extended but finite and infinite systems, assuming either a uniform gap or a gap in the bulk above the unperturbed ground state. The goal of this Review is to provide an overview of these adiabatic theorems and briefly outline the main ideas and techniques required in their proofs.
A CMOS-compatible heterogeneous interferometer for chip-scale temperature sensing
Authors: Payne D. A. , Matthews J. C. F.
Published: December 2022

We report a photonic temperature sensor with enhanced performance in both broad- and narrow-bandwidth optical measurements. The device consists of a heterogeneously integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer with arms composed of silicon and silicon nitride waveguides whose thermo-optic coefficients differ by an order of magnitude. The waveguides are fabricated in distinct layers of a monolithic device and guide light in a single transverse-electric mode. The resulting small bend radii enable compact sensing of temperatures local to integrated photonic components with a device footprint of 580 × 410 μm2. Furthermore, the dual layers of the sensor enable overlaying of the spiral arms of the interferometer over each other or other photonic circuit components. We measure a sensitivity of 324 pm/K, an over threefold enhancement compared to the measurement of an asymmetric Mach–Zehnder constructed of silicon waveguides on the same device. We additionally define a useful figure of merit for the side-of-fringe measurement regime, which uses direct detection of a narrow linewidth laser and show that the reported device is also competitive on this metric.
Mid-infrared rainbow light-emitting diodes
Authors: Muhowski Aaron J. , Kamboj Abhilasha , Mansfield Noah C. , Wasserman Daniel
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate a room-temperature all-epitaxial guided-mode resonance light-emitting diode operating in the mid-wave infrared. The device comprises a dielectric waveguide with an AlGaAsSb p−i−n diode core, below a layer of grating-patterned GaSb and above a highly doped, and thus, low index, InAsSb layer. Light emitted from the device active region into propagating modes in the waveguide scatters into free space via the GaSb grating, giving rise to spectrally narrow features that shift with emission angle across much of the mid-wave infrared. For collection angles approaching 0°, we are able to obtain linewidths of ∼2.4 meV across the spectral/angular emission of the LED, corresponding to λ/Δλ∼570. Fine control of emission wavelength can be achieved by tuning the applied current, which causes a redshift of approximately 20 nm due to the thermo-optic effect. The presented device has the potential for use in compact, high bandwidth, and low-cost mid-wave infrared sensing applications requiring spectral discrimination.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry-based investigations into the scattering characteristics of topologically distinct photonic stopbands
Authors: Gupta Nitish Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Tiwari Anjani Kumar , Pal Sudipta Sarkar , Wanare Harshawardhan , Ramakrishna S. Anantha
Published: December 2022

Topological band theory provides a framework to establish the equivalence/inequivalence of bandgaps in photonic topological insulators. However, experimental discernment of bandgap topological characteristics encounters inherent measurement complexities, particularly beyond the terahertz frequencies. To surmount this difficulty, we resort to the prolific optical technique of spectroscopic ellipsometry and carry out detailed experimental examination of attributes of one-dimensional photonic crystal stopbands and, in consequence, identify an appropriate classifier of the implicit topological characteristics. It is found that governed by the bulk topology, the band edge locations in the dispersion diagram provide a conditional site for the appearance of zeros of a complex reflection ratio. This leads to a selective appearance of topologically robust phase singularities with integer (unity positive) topological charge. We demonstrate that the presence of these phase singularities on either the blue or the red band edges of the stopbands provides us with an experimental marker of their distinctive topological characteristics.
Reconstruction of the flame nonlinear response using deep learning algorithms
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Nan Jiaqi , Yang Lijun , Li Jingxuan
Published: December 2022

This paper demonstrates the ability of the neural network trained on frequency-sweeping signals with different amplitudes to reconstruct the flame nonlinear response. The neural network architecture consists of a decreasing sequence increasing dimension model and a sequence model; the latter one uses the long short-term memory (LSTM) and encoder of Transformer. Results show that the neural network trained using the proposed sweeping method with limited training data can reconstruct realistic signals over the envisaged range of frequencies and amplitudes. The nonlinear flame responses obtained by the neural network are further embedded into the closed-loop thermoacoustic feedback to quantify the reconstruction performance of sequence signals. It is demonstrated that the neural network can accurately capture the evolution of the limit cycle. This paper has also compared the effect of different types and sizes of datasets on trained neural networks model; the results show that models trained with our proposed datasets perform better. For small-size datasets, LSTM performs significantly better than the encoder of Transformer. The encoder of Transformer is more suitable for large-size datasets.
Effect of corner radius on flow topology and heat transfer from free oscillating tandem cylinders at low Reynolds number
Authors: Sarout Yuvraj , Islam Md , Fatt Yap Yit , Janajreh Isam
Published: December 2022

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) on two tandem cylinders with forced convection is numerically investigated at a constant Re = 150. Elastically mounted cylinder with four different values of corner radii (r* = r/R: r = radius of fillet; R = radius of circle) = 0 (square cylinder), 0.25, 0.75, and 1 (circular cylinder) with two spacing ratio (L/D) = 4 and 2 is studied. Transverse oscillations are generated from the cylinder having non-dimensional mass (m*) = 10. The structural damping coefficient is assigned a zero value with varying reduced velocity Ur=2−10. The two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes and energy equations are solved together with Newton's second law governing the motion of the cylinders. Both cylinders' surfaces are maintained at a higher constant temperature of T*=1, and incoming flow is set to be at T*=0 with Prandtl number (Pr) = 0.7. The effect of r* and L/D is observed on the flow structure and FIV parameters. Flow characteristics at L/D=4 such as steady flow, reattachment, and unsteady flow are examined. A “shift” in vibrational amplitude is noted from r* = 1 and 0.75 to r* = 0 and 0.5, respectively. The downstream cylinder (DC) experiences a hike in vibration amplitude due to the impingement of vortex shedding from the upstream cylinder (UC). r* = 1 has 18.1% higher vibrational amplitude than r* = 0 at their respective lock-in regimes for DC. For L/D=2, vortices from upstream and downstream cylinders interact to form C(2S) and 2S types of vortex shedding. Different regimes, such as single body, reattachment, and co-shedding, have been observed while changing L/D. r* = 0.75 results in 13.3% higher oscillation amplitude as compared to r* = 0.5 for DC. The average Nusselt number (Nuavg) strongly depends on flow topology, corner radius, and vibrational amplitude A/D. At low L/D, heat transfer from the downstream cylinder is plummeted due to rolling of shear layers over the cylinder. There is a significant change in Nuavg due to higher vibration; for example, increase in 10.71% change is observed from Ur=2 to Ur=6 for r*=1 and L/D=4. Corner radii also alter the Nuavg as a decrease in 27.39% from r* = 1 to r* = 0 at Ur=10 and L/D=4 (UC).
The Big Picture
Authors: Williams Darren L. , Jackson Victoria S.
Published: December 2022

The selection rules for allowed transitions, the temperature-dependent population probability, and the instrumental line shape function allows the equation for a theoretical spectrum to be written as a function of transition frequency, energy, or wavelength. Several stick spectra and realistic convolved line shape examples are plotted for the particle in a box (1DPB) and particle on a ring (1DPR) systems for absorption, emission, Rayleigh, and Raman scattering. The colors of the blue sky and sunset are modeled with 1DPB Rayleigh scattering. The 1DPR system is used to analyze centrifugal distortion in the experimental rotational spectrum of HCl(g). Lastly, the 1DPB system is used to analyze the temperature-dependent intensities of Anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman transitions in polyacetylene.
Why Symmetry?
Authors: Williams Darren L. , Jackson Victoria S.
Published: December 2022

This chapter will introduce the nature of even and odd functions. The zero and non-zero properties of the integrals of even and odd functions will be emphasized because this is the foundation of the symmetry-derived selection rules. Application of these rules to 3D molecules will be explored as a preview of why chemists teach and use group theory. The chapter ends with the foundational concepts of the symmetry of light interacting with the particle in a box wave functions.
Is Symmetry Enough? What's Missing?
Authors: Williams Darren L. , Jackson Victoria S.
Published: December 2022

This chapter will describe the usefulness of symmetry selection rules to determine allowed and forbidden transitions in a real 3D system. Two different models of selection rules will be compared for the rovibrational spectrum of hydrogen chloride. The unrestricted selection rule model shows all the potential transitions, and the symmetry selection rule model shows the allowed transitions. The comparison with the HCl spectrum confirms that the symmetry selection rules match the experimental spectrum. The models in this chapter use the Boltzmann distribution to produce the temperature-dependent intensities. The actual values of the transition dipole moment integrals are not available from a symmetry analysis. However, symmetry selection rules are still useful, primarily for assigning quantum states to specific spectral transitions. This will be shown in this chapter.
Archaeological evidence for initial migration of Neolithic Proto Sino-Tibetan speakers from Yellow River valley to Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Li , Chen Jian , Wang Jiajing , Zhao Yanan , Chen Xingcan
Published: December 2022

Sino-Tibetan is the second largest language family in the world. Recent linguistic and genetic studies have traced its origin to Neolithic millet farmers in the Yellow River region of China around 8,000 y ago and also suggested that initial divergence among branches of Sino-Tibetan coincided with expansion of the Neolithic Yangshao culture to the west and southwest during the sixth millennium BP. However, archaeological investigations to date have been insufficient to understand the lifeways of these migrant Proto Sino-Tibetan speakers. Here, we present the results of the interdisciplinary research on the material culture and ritual activities related to the initial southwestward migration of Yangshao populations, based on evidence from microfossil remains on ceramics at three sites in Gansu and Sichuan, regional archaeological contexts, and ethnographic accounts of modern Gyalrong Tibetans. The first Yangshao migrants may have integrated with indigenous hunter-gatherers in the NW Sichuan highlands, and adopted broad-spectrum subsistence strategies, consisting of both millet farming and foraging for local wild resources. Meanwhile, the migrants appear to have retained important ritual traditions previously established in their Yellow River homelands. They prepared
qu
starter with
Monascus
mold and rice for brewing alcoholic beverages, which may have been consumed in communal drinking festivals associated with the performance of ritual dancing. Such ritual activities, which to some extent have survived in the
skorbro-zajiu
ceremonies in SW China, may have then played a central role in maintaining and reinforcing cultural identities, social values, and connections with the homelands of the Proto Sino-Tibetan migrants.
On cheap entropy-sparsified regression learning
Authors: Horenko Illia , Vecchi Edoardo , Kardoš Juraj , Wächter Andreas , Schenk Olaf , O’Kane Terence J. , Gagliardini Patrick , Gerber Susanne
Published: December 2022

Regression learning is one of the long-standing problems in statistics, machine learning, and deep learning (DL). We show that writing this problem as a probabilistic expectation over (unknown) feature probabilities – thus increasing the number of unknown parameters and seemingly making the problem more complex—actually leads to its simplification, and allows incorporating the physical principle of entropy maximization. It helps decompose a very general setting of this learning problem (including discretization, feature selection, and learning multiple piece-wise linear regressions) into an iterative sequence of simple substeps, which are either analytically solvable or cheaply computable through an efficient second-order numerical solver with a sublinear cost scaling. This leads to the computationally cheap and robust non-DL second-order Sparse Probabilistic Approximation for Regression Task Analysis (SPARTAn) algorithm, that can be efficiently applied to problems with millions of feature dimensions on a commodity laptop, when the state-of-the-art learning tools would require supercomputers. SPARTAn is compared to a range of commonly used regression learning tools on synthetic problems and on the prediction of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the dominant interannual mode of tropical climate variability. The obtained SPARTAn learners provide more predictive, sparse, and physically explainable data descriptions, clearly discerning the important role of ocean temperature variability at the thermocline in the equatorial Pacific. SPARTAn provides an easily interpretable description of the timescales by which these thermocline temperature features evolve and eventually express at the surface, thereby enabling enhanced predictability of the key drivers of the interannual climate.
Entropy-based early detection of critical transitions in spatial vegetation fields
Authors: Tirabassi Giulio , Masoller Cristina
Published: December 2022

In semiarid regions, vegetated ecosystems can display abrupt and unexpected changes, i.e., transitions to different states, due to drifting or time-varying parameters, with severe consequences for the ecosystem and the communities depending on it. Despite intensive research, the early identification of an approaching critical point from observations is still an open challenge. Many data analysis techniques have been proposed, but their performance depends on the system and on the characteristics of the observed data (the resolution, the level of noise, the existence of unobserved variables, etc.). Here, we propose an entropy-based approach to identify an upcoming transition in spatiotemporal data. We apply this approach to observational vegetation data and simulations from two models of vegetation dynamics to infer the arrival of an abrupt shift to an arid state. We show that the permutation entropy (PE) computed from the probabilities of two-dimensional ordinal patterns may provide an early warning indicator of an approaching tipping point, as it may display a maximum (or minimum) before decreasing (or increasing) as the transition approaches. Like other spatial early warning indicators, the spatial permutation entropy does not need a time series of the system dynamics, and it is suited for spatially extended systems evolving on long time scales, like vegetation plots. We quantify its performance and show that, depending on the system and data, the performance can be better, similar or worse than the spatial correlation. Hence, we propose the spatial PE as an additional indicator to try to anticipate regime shifts in vegetated ecosystems.
Charge trap depth prediction of grafted polypropylene system using machine learning
Authors: Zhu Yujie , Li Chuanyang , Wang Shaojie , Li Manxi , Li Junluo , Hu Shixun , Li Qi , He Jinliang
Published: December 2022

Carbon neutrality is a state of dynamic equilibrium in carbon dioxide emissions. In insulation material aspect, polypropylene (PP) with grafted side chain segments possesses recyclability and may have better electrical property under high temperature compared with traditional norecyclable insulation insulation material like cross-linked polyethylene, which will reduce the carbon emission and help carbon neutrality processing. However, focused on the ideal grafted PP chain, the bandgap (

E

g

) parameter is no longer suitable for describing the electrical properties of this system for the small grafting ratio. The induced grafted monomer might generate new band energy level and reduce the bandgap but with improvement on the electrical properties, which is not consistent with the positive correlation of the bandgap and the electrical properties. Alternatively, the trap depth, as one of the important electrical performance parameters, can reflect its influence on conductivity and breakdown. In this paper, the trap depth of the grafted PP chain is predicted by machine learning method with recursive feature elimination-based fingerprints. The paper analyzes the influence of different component groups and the ratioes of PP monomers on the charge trap depth. The grafted monomers with strong positive correlations on the electron/hole trap depth are given, and the electrical conductivity of PP-g-VK polymer has been tested for validation from the side. This paper provides a predictable parameter for the analysis of grafted systems and accelerates future predictions of performance parameters such as conductivity and breakdown strength.
A method for constructing non-ideal geometric features of thermal insulation tiles based onmeasured data
Authors: Li Shuanggao , Wang Shuchun , Hou Guoyi , Huang Xiang , Jiang Yifan
Published: December 2022

In the digital assembly of modern aircraft, to meet the higher requirements of aircraft assembly quality, the measurement data of geometric characteristics are used to replace the actual model of the parts for assembly calculation and analysis. However, when analyzing the assembly deviation of parts with complex assembly features, it is difficult to express the non-ideal model clearly by using traditional methods. At the same time, the amount of measured data is large, and the calculation efficiency is low. We propose methods to build geometric feature models based on measurement data to extract and optimize non-ideal features and reduce the data of discrete point sets to address this problem. The experimental results reveal the accuracy and computational efficiency of the geometric feature expression of the model and verify the feasibility of the proposed method.