bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti–inflammatory effects of cyclodextrin nanoparticles enable macrophage repolarization and combat inflammation
Authors: Brettner Felix Emanuel Benedikt , Gier Stefanie , Haessler Annika , Schreiner Jonas , Vogel-Kindgen Sarah , Windbergs Maike
Published: July 2024

Inflammation is an essential contributor to the pathophysiology of numerous diseases, and dysregulation of the involved signaling cascades often culminates in uncontrollable disease progression and, ultimately, chronification. Effectively addressing these disorders is challenging due to their inherent complexity and the need to mitigate inflammation while preserving essential immune functions. Biomaterials have emerged as a promising research area for modulating and resolving inflammatory processes due to their high biocompatibility. Among these, cyclodextrins (CDs), particularly β-CD, are of interest based on their intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties. Chemical modification of the CD base structure to enhance physicochemical properties is a promising strategy to further increase the adaptability of CD-based biomaterials and maximize their therapeutic potential. In this study, we evaluated and characterized the immunomodulatory properties of amphiphilic CD derivatives, which self-assemble into particulate nanostructures, compared to the soluble parent cyclodextrin. Our results demonstrate a significant anti-inflammatory effect of all three CD nanoparticle types in a human macrophage model. These effects surpassed the soluble β-CD control and were specific to each derivative, depending on its underlying physicochemical properties. Notably, we observed significant downregulation of crucial pro-inflammatory markers, along with changes in inflammasome activation and the lipid profile of pro-inflammatory macrophages after CD nanoparticle application. The findings of this study underscore the potential of cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles as versatile biomaterials for treating the complex pathophysiology of various acute and chronic inflammation-associated disorders.
Epidemiological Study of Post-Pandemic Pediatric Common Respiratory Pathogens using Multiplex Detection
Authors: Wu Yidong , Zhou Jun , Shu Ting , Li Wei , Shang Shiqiang , Du Lizhong
Published: July 2024

Background
The burden and characteristics of respiratory viral infections in children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era are unclear. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with common respiratory virus infections before and after relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions in Hangzhou, China and evaluated the diagnostic value of the six-panel respiratory pathogen detection system.
Methods
Six types of respiratory viruses were detected in respiratory samples from children with suspected ARTIs by multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Changes in virus detection rates and epidemiological and clinical characteristics, obtained from electronic health records, were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to identify respiratory tract infections risk factors. Multiplex RT-qPCR and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) results were compared in random samples.
Results
Among the 11,056 pediatric samples, 3,228 tested positive for one or more of six common respiratory pathogens. RSV and PIV-3 detection rates differed significantly across age groups (both P < 0.001), and were more common in younger children. PIV-1 was more common in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers than in school-age children (P < 0.001). FluB was predominantly detected in school-age children (P < 0.001). RSV-, ADV-, and PIV-1-positivity rates were higher in 2022 than in 2023. Seasonal viral patterns differed across years. RSV (OR 9.760, 95%CI: 6.280–15.169) and PIV-3 (OR 1.842, 95%CI: 1.235–2.748) were risk factors for lower respiratory tract infections. RSV-positivity was associated with severe pneumonia (P = 0.044). PIV-3 (OR 0.386, 95%CI: 0.168–0.886), summer season (OR 2.036, 95CI: 1.548–2.689), and younger age (OR 0.953, 95%CI: 0.893–0.979) influenced pneumonia severity. Multiplex RT-qPCR showed good diagnostic performance.
Conclusion
After changes in COVID-19 prevention and control strategies, six common respiratory viruses in children were prevalent in 2022–2023, with different seasonal epidemic characteristics and age proclivities. RSV and PIV-3 cause lower, and fluA, fluB, and ADV more typically cause upper respiratory tract infections. Infancy and summer season influence severe pneumonia risk. Multiplex RT-qPCR is valuable for accurate and timely detection of respiratory viruses in children, which facilitates management, treatment, and prevention of ARTIs.
The prognostic impact of Caudal-Type Homologous Transcription Factor-2 (CDX2) expression in duodenal cancer patients
Authors: Pan Jun , yang Zhihui , Jiao Xiaodong , Chen Ying , Chen Yitian , Chu Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2024

The study examined the expression of CDX2 in duodenal cancer and its impact on prognosis. Clinical data and pathological sections from 27 duodenal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery at Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University between September 2008 and December 2019 were analyzed. CDX2 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis was performed through Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Log-rank test, with multivariate analysis conducted using the Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Univariate analysis revealed correlations between age, TNM stage, differentiation degree, nerve invasion, pancreatic invasion, CDX2 expression, and overall survival (OS) in duodenal cancer (P < 0.05), while pancreatic invasion and CDX2 expression were linked to disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified TNM stage (P = 0.045) and CDX2 expression (P = 0.034) as independent prognostic factors for OS in duodenal cancer, with CDX2 expression (P = 0.04) also being an independent prognostic factor for DFS. The study indicates that CDX2 expression in duodenal cancer significantly influences prognosis, with positive expression associated with better outcomes and negative expression linked to poorer prognosis.
Studies on some Anthranilic acid based mixed ligand Metal(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, in-vitro biological evaluation, ADMET profiling, DFT and molecular docking
Authors: S Remya D , Dhanaraj C. Justin
Published: July 2024

Schiff base ligand L has been synthesized using 4-amino antipyrine, Furfuraldehyde, and 2-aminothiazole. This ligand, along with anthranilic acid (AA) and Metal(II) acetates of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) was used to produce mixed ligand complexes. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was conducted using various analytical and spectral methods including molar conductance, CHN analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis., 1H NMR, mass,ESR, and XRD. In Vitro,assessments were performed on L and its mixed ligand complexes with AA against several bacterial strains such as P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus, together with two fungal species, A. niger and C. albicans. Additionally, the compounds were evaluated for their DNA cleavage and antioxidant potency. The results indicated that [CuL(AA)] exhibits higher biological activity compared to the other metal(II) complexes and L. Furthermore, the biological efficacy of L and its mixed ligand complexes with AA was evaluated using computational techniques, such as DFT as well as pharmacokinetic studies. Both the ligand and metal complexes exhibited notable potency, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of deformities caused by pathogens.
SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2 is crucial for growth of Marchantia polymorpha under acidic conditions
Authors: Shimizu Shinsuke , Hori Koichi , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Ohta Hiroyuki , Shimojima Mie
Published: July 2024

Land plants have evolved many systems to adapt to a wide range of environmental stresses. In seed plants, oligogalactolipid synthesis is involved in tolerance to freezing and dehydration, but it has not been analyzed in non-vascular plants. Here we analyzed trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (TGDG) synthesis in Marchantia polymorpha. TGDG is synthesized by galactolipid:galactolipid galactosyltransferase [GGGT; SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2 (SFR2) in Arabidopsis]. We analyzed the subcellular localization and GGGT activity of two M. polymorpha SFR2 homologs (MpGGGT1 and MpGGGT2, each as a GFP-fusion protein) using a transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and found that MpGGGT1-GFP localized in the chloroplast envelope membrane. We produced mutants Mpgggt1 and Mpgggt2 and found that TGDG did not accumulate in Mpgggt1 upon treatment of the thallus with acetic acid. Moreover, growth of Mpgggt1 mutants was impaired by acetic acid treatment. Microscopy revealed that the acetic acid treatment of M. polymorpha plants damaged intracellular membranes. The fact that the effect was similar for wild-type and Mpgggt1 plants suggested that MpGGGT has a role in recovery from damage. These results indicate that MpGGGT plays a crucial role in M. polymorpha growth under conditions of acid stress, which may have been encountered during the ancient terrestrial colonization of plants.
Analysis of Gillies Temporal approach vs Towel Clip method for reduction of Zygoma Fractures
Authors: Tiwari Mohini , Gupta Monika , Roy Srishti
Published: July 2024

Purpose- The purpose of this study was to analyse Gillies Temporal approach Vs Towel Clip method for reduction of zygoma fractures.
Method- A randomised comparative study was conducted on 30 patients having zygoma fractures confirmed with pre-operative NCCT face with 3 D reconstruction. Patients were divided into 2 groups, Group-1- Gillies temporal approach and Group-2- Towel clip method. Clinical observations were recorded in a predesigned proforma for all the patients and analysed statistically.
Results- Gillies Temporal Approach significantly p<0.001 took longer time for reduction than Towel Clip Method. Post-operative pain was experienced more in Group 1 than Group 2. Intraocular pressure was compared at different time intervals and significant difference was noted. Also, Occulocardiac reflex was observed in Group 1. Mean trismus index was 16.87±5.12 mm in Group 1 and 13.33±4.11 mm in Group 2 preoperatively which significantly increased to 51.93 mm in Group 1 and 51.73 mm in Group 2 one month post-op. Reduction was maintained post-operatively with good quality of outcome in both the groups.
Conclusion- Non-comminuted zygomatic complex fractures can be effectively treated using Towel Clip Method as this method is cost-effective, minimally invasive, safe, causing minimum or no damage to soft tissue and easy to perform based on surgeon’s skill and requires less operating time, proving it equally efficient method with excellent aesthetic outcomes.
A Wireless Reader for Detecting Frequency Shift of Passive Sensors
Authors: Beker Levent , Mirlou Fariborz , Bardakçı Emine , Abbasiasl Taher
Published: July 2024

A body area sensor network (bodyNET) consists of wearable and implantable sensors to monitor human physiological signals. While passive disposable, chip-free, and batteryless sensors are widely studied, benchtop equipment is still necessary for data collection, restricting users to laboratories. Efficient integration of passive on-skin and implantable sensors and readout circuitry is essential for data acquisition outside controlled laboratory environments. Here, we present a miniaturized flexible wireless reader (WiRe) designed for frequency-shifting passive sensors, which also possess power harvesting capability. WiRe is compatible with a wide variety of implantable or wearable passive sensors, suggesting an immense potential for medical applications. We utilized WiRe together with a passive capacitive strain sensor to observe frequency shifts during stretching and releasing. We demonstrate that the WiRe can non-invasively detect small frequency shifts, such as heartbeat, through in vitro tests.
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment in Complex Fault Systems: Exploring the Longitudinal Valley of Taiwan
Authors: Lu Ting-Ying , Chan Chung-Han
Published: July 2024

This study validates several seismic models used in PSHA studies and evaluates their impact on hazard levels in the Longitudinal Valley, Taiwan, a region with high seismic activity and data quality. The Gutenberg-Richter (G-R) law, fitting well for small to moderate magnitudes, faces uncertainties at larger magnitudes due to limited data. The pure characteristic earthquake (PCE) model assesses maximum earthquake recurrence rates for each seismogenic structure, challenging due to longer recurrence intervals. The Seismic Hazard and Earthquake Rates In Fault Systems (SHERIFS) model, incorporating G-R law and structure parameters, forecasts seismic activity for the study region and each individual seismogenic structure. The hazard maps, assessed based on various models, reveal differences, especially around the Milun Fault. The hazard curves for cities reflect varying hazard levels influenced by nearby faults. In the PCE model, the dominance of the Milun Fault in Hualien City is emphasized, while based on the SHERIFS model, the hazard is distributed across various faults. This indicates that the SHERIFS model effectively allocates the occurrence rates for each magnitude. This underscores the importance of multiple seismic models for precise hazard assessment, which is crucial for understanding earthquake physics and future PSHA in Taiwan.
Mechanism by which the inhibition of glycolysis by sodium butyrate alleviates liver injury in subchronic fluoride-exposed mice
Authors: Wu Zimei , Su Cuijing , Ma Zhiyu , Yan Nan , Liu Funing , Li Xin , Chen Jiayi , Bai Qifeng , Sun Zhenxiang , Wang Zhengdong , Ren Fu
Published: July 2024

Aim
At present, liver injury caused by fluoride exposure has been found in animals and humans, but there is a lack of relevant drug treatments and research on the corresponding underlying mechanisms. Sodium butyrate is a new drug used to improve glucose metabolism that has been shown to have a positive effect on liver injury, but it has not been extensively studied in the field of liver injury caused by fluoride exposure. Therefore, in this study, exposure to fluoride in drinking water was used to establish a subchronic fluoride exposure mouse model to explore the specific metabolism-related mechanism by which sodium butyrate alleviates subchronic fluoride exposure-induced liver injury in mice to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of endemic fluoride exposure-related liver injury.
Materials and methods
In the present study, the mice were randomly allocated into four groups of ten mice each group: the control group, the fluorine exposure group (NaF), the sodium butyrate group (NaB), and the treatment group (NaF + NaB).
Key findings:
NaF-induced hepatic injury was confirmed by alterations in the levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), glucose and the glycolytic metabolite lactate and alterations in the protein and mRNA expression levels of ALDOA, PKM2, PFKp, PGK1 and LDH. Concurrent administration of sodium butyrate and NaF significantly reversed the alterations in the abovementioned parameters.
The downregulation of Autophagy in amygdala is sufficient to alleviate anxiety-like behaviors in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder model mice
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhu Qi , Zhou Siyao , Fang Silan , Cai Fangfang , Zhang Xinwen , Li Wen , Huang Zihan , Wu Kunqiang
Published: July 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most serious and harmful stress-related emotion disorders caused by traumatic experiences. Upregulation of autophagy flux in neuronal cells has been believed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PTSD, however, the effect of upregulated autophagy on PTSD based on the specific brain regions has not been fully investigated. In our study, inhibition of autophagy in amygdala rather than mPFC of WT mice alleviated anxiety-like behaviors caused by PTSD modeling. Our results also suggested that Fmr1 KO mice might be a innate PTSD-nonsusceptible mouse model. In conclusion, the impact of autophagy on PTSD may depend on the specific brain regions even in the context of PTSD-related neuronal circuits.
Traditional knowledge surviving the new millennium: women's use of wild edible plant species in a Protected Natural Area.
Authors: Caballero-Roque Adriana , Silva-Rivera Evodia , Gómez-Tolosa María , Pérez-Farrera Miguel Angel , Tejeda-Cruz César , López Sergio
Published: July 2024

Background
Traditional knowledge on wild edible plants is at risk due to modernization and cultural erosion. Documenting this knowledge, especially in protected areas that overlap with biocultural hotspots, is important for biodiversity conservation, food security, and cultural heritage preservation. Our study aimed to document Tzotzil Mayan women's traditional use of wild edible plants within the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico. By doing so, we intended to contribute to biodiversity conservation efforts, enhance food security, and safeguard cultural heritage.
Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 female heads of household in Emiliano Zapata, a community located in the Reserve's buffer zone. Information was gathered on the wild edible plant species used, plant parts consumed, preparation methods, and frequency of use. Plant samples were collected for identification. The data were analyzed to assess differences in species richness and diversity between the dry and rainy seasons and the influence of sociocultural factors such as education level and age on traditional knowledge.
Results
A total of 30 native plant species from 22 families were documented as wild edible plants, with leaves (40%) and fruits (33%) being the most commonly consumed parts. Species richness was greater in the dry season (22 species), while diversity was greater during the rainy season. Solanum americanum (nightshade) had the highest frequency of mention. Women with an elementary education reported knowing and using significantly more edible species than noneducated women. Older women exhibited a marginally greater frequency of use than younger women.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the importance of traditional knowledge in identifying wild edible plant resources within protected areas. However, this knowledge faces threats from modernization and a decline in intergenerational transfer, as evidenced by the lower usage among younger women. Establishing policies that protect biodiversity hotspots, restore degraded areas, and recognize indigenous knowledge systems is crucial for the sustainable use of plant resources and maintaining biocultural diversity.
Design of novel Z-scheme g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 /CuCo 2 O 4 heterojunctions for efficient visible light- driven photocatalyic degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Hamza Aws M. , Alshamsi Hassan A.
Published: July 2024

One of the most important environmental challenges that needs to be resolved is the industrial discharge of synthetic dyes. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and flower-like copper oxide (CuO)/copper cobaltite (CuCo2O4) nanocomposites were synthesized in order to synthesis an effective visible light driven photocatalyst that could degrade Rhodamin B (Rh.B) dye under simulated solar light irradiation. The SEM and TEM results verifies that the flower-like CuO/CuCo2O4 (CCO) structure and g-C3N4/TiO2 (g-CN/TO) generated a smart hybrid structure with superior g-CN distribution. According to the photocatalytic studies, g- C3N4/TiO2/CuO/CuCo2O4 (g-CN/TO/CCO) shows good photodegradation of Rh.B dye (99.9%) in minmal times (1 h) in CCO: g-CN/TO (2:1) ratio by Z-Scheme mechanism. The enhanced visible light absorption and effective electron-hole pair separation provided by the synergistic dispersion of CuO/CuCo2O4 and g-C3N4 can be attributed to the improved photocatalytic performances. These novel insights into g-CN/TO/CCO based photocatalysts are useful for treating industrial effluent.
Elaboration of a Cauchy PSO based on MPPT for photovoltaic systems in comparison with classical MPPT techniques in partial shading scenarios.
Authors: saha Sanjoy kumar
Published: July 2024

To different environmental circumstances, the solar cells' output power exhibits a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic. Photovoltaic (PV) systems use Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to optimise their output power. In this study, a novel MPPT controller is suggested. The MPPT design is approached as an optimisation issue, the solution to which is found by using Cauchy PSO to determine the ideal controller settings. According to simulation data, the suggested method maximises the photovoltaic system's power output under a variety of environmental circumstances. Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and the created Cauchy PSO method work similarly. This method has the benefit of providing the globally best-optimized output at a quicker rate of convergence. It can monitor the MP in variable load scenarios and harsh weather conditions. In addition to having a simpler structure, the suggested technique performs better in terms of rapid convergence than the normal PSO and some of the other methods.
Ground Pressure Hazard Monitoring and Early Warning in Complex Areas Research
Authors: zhang lixin , Deng zehui , li gang , Guangchao Liu , li yi
Published: July 2024

In order to solve the problems of MaKeng Iron Mine original ground pressure disaster prediction and warning indicators are single, the forecast accuracy is seriously insufficient, and there is a lack of intuitive on-line monitoring and early warning of ground pressure, the ground pressure indicators are screened through the improvement of XGBoost algorithm, and the key indexes of multi-source evaluation of the degree of danger of the ground pressure in the mining area are determined, and the results show that: The multi-indicator comprehensive early warning model based on the improvement of XGBoost algorithm The early warning results are consistent with the actual site, overcoming the defects of one-sided warning of single indicator and improving the reliability of early warning; the system realizes the remote configuration of the equipment as well as the automatic collection, analysis, early warning and visualisation of monitoring data, which is of important guiding significance for the monitoring and early warning of geopressure hazards of ground pressure hazards in complex areas.
A method for determining machine configurations for multidirectional pin-on-plate wear testing
Authors: Cremer Labau , Merwe Johan Van der , Becker Thorsten Hermann
Published: July 2024

Pin-on-plate wear testing is a commonly employed technique for preclinical evaluation of the wear performance of articulating joint implant materials, as specified by ASTM F732. The latest revision of ASTM F732, introduced multidirectional wear assessment for 'hip-type' wear applications. While multidirectional pin-on-plate wear testing has been adopted to better account for cross-shear and mimic in vivo joint kinematics, selecting appropriate machine configuration for a particular case can be challenging due to the complex nature of the involved machine mechanisms. This study presents a method for formulating and verifying a data set that can be utilised to solve machine parameters for a specific load case. The proposed method employs standard gear radii and is demonstrated with an illustrative example case to showcase the method with a practical application. A holistic view of the parameter design space is formed in this paper, thus simplifying the overall machine parameter selection processes for multidirectional pin-on-plate wear testing.
Prussian blue/ silica HOM nanocomposite for efficient removal of copper (II) from water
Authors: El-Maali Nagwa Abo , El-Hameed Kawthar Abd , Markeb Ahmad Abo , El-Said Waleed , Wahman Asmaa
Published: July 2024

In this work Prussian blue loaded silica (PB/Si HOM) nanocomposite has been used for removal of Cu (II) as it can act as a selective adsorption agent with negligible toxicity. A faster uptake of copper in water samples was caused by the smaller particle size, higher specific surface area, and higher pore volume values in comparison to the commercial Prussian blue. Optimum conditions are determined using Design-Expert®, version 6.0 (DX6) software applying a contact time of 24 hr with PB/Si HOM nanocomposite adsorbent. The influence of solution pH on the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was optimized to be pH 8.4. Other experimental parameters were conducted to determine their effects on the adsorption of Cu (II); It was found that the maximum adsorption 92.3% was obtained at 25°C, 60 minutes of contact time and 10 ppm of metal ions. It was discovered that the ideal amount of adsorbent material for the removal was 0.1 g. It was also discovered that the Langmuir isotherm was appropriate for the adsorption of Cu (II) than the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic parameters and experimental adsorption capacities for copper onto PB/silica HOM nanocomposites were also studied, it is found that the system is fitted with pseudo-second order where calculated Qe is found to be 175.439 mgCu(II)/g that is very close to the Experimental Qe one (180.697 mgCu(II)/g). Therefore, the newly created environmental nanocomposite material was shown to be appropriate for the adsorption of Cu (II) due to its high adsorption capacity, high adsorption selectivity, quick adsorption speed, and good regeneration for repeated use for adsorption of copper pollutant from different water matrices.
Crop Yield Prediction Using Machine Learning: A Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Surana Rajswee , Khandelwal Ritu
Published: July 2024

The agricultural sector is the major driver of revenues in India. organic , economic, and seasonal factors all have got a bearing on an agricultural producer's manufacturing.
Accurate crop yield prediction (CYP) is required due to the agricultural indus-try's rapid innovation and liberalized market economy. Accurate prediction is greatly aided by the chosen characteristics and machine learning (ML) techniques Any ML Algorithm’s performance may be enhanced by using a unique set of features from the same training dataset. This study assesses the key characteristics of an accurate crop yield prediction. For greater accuracy, it uses machine learning (ML) methods like Random Forest (RF), Adaboost, Gradient Boost, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The agriculture dataset has 2201 instances in it. 80% of them are randomly chosen for themodeìs training, while 20% are used to test themodeìs predictive power. The results show that the Random Forest approach gets the highest level of accuracy. The goal of this paper is to predict crop yields. Using different Machine Learning Algorithms so that farmers can make their yields higher.
Baleen whale navigation in astronomically referenced magnetic coordinates
Authors: Horton Travis , Hauser Nan Daeschler , Zerbini Alexandre , Palacios Daniel , Rikardsen Audun , Lydersen Christian , Kovacs Kit , Silva Mónica , Prieto Rui , Constantine Rochelle , Riekkola Leena , Garrigue Claire , Derville Solène , Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter , Double Michael C. , Andrews-Goff Virginia , Gales Nick , Ivashchenko Yulia , Clapham Phillip , Mate Bruce
Published: July 2024

How animals navigate during long-distance migration remains a mystery. Many theories have been proposed1 (Keeton, 1979), with the Earth’s magnetic field emerging as a clear potential source of orientational information for navigational decision-making across diverse taxa2 (Putman, 2022). Yet, the mechanics involved in magnetic navigation remain unknown3 (Schneider et al., 2023). Globally distributed records available from historic whaling4-5 (AOWLD, 2023; Yablokov et al., 1998) in combination with modern satellite-tracking datasets6 (Horton et al., 2022) for baleen whales create a unique opportunity to illuminate the mechanics of cetacean navigation. Here, we show that baleen whale migratory destinations over the last >200 years are systematically distributed in horizontal plane magnetic coordinates. Specifically, blue (Balaenoptera musculus), bowhead (Balaena mysticetus), fin (Balaenoptera physalus), gray (Eschrichtius robustus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), and right (Eubalaena spp.) whales non-randomly inhabit areas where magnetic declination (MD) closely approximates integer and half-integer multiples of the Earth’s 23.44° axial tilt. Our findings, which are highly reproducible through both space and time, demonstrate that baleen whale navigation between seasonal habitats occurs via the integration of magnetic and astronomic orientation cues3. By referencing MD values to the rise and set azimuths of the Sun, baleen whale movements define mechanistic horizontal plane heliomagnetic coordinate trajectories across all ocean basins.
Outcomes of robotic surgery for inflammatory bowel disease using the Medtronic Hugo™ Robotic-Assisted Surgical platform: a single centre experience
Authors: Rottoli* Matteo , Cardelli* Stefano , Calini Giacomo , Alexa Ioana Diana , Violante Tommaso , Poggioli Gilberto
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The aim of the study was to compare the perioperative outcomes of patients who underwent surgery performed through laparoscopy or using the Medtronic Hugo™ RAS
Methods
This is a retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database comparing laparoscopic vs. robotic assisted surgery for IBD from 01/11/2017 to 15/04/2024. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon robotic-naïve with a large experience in laparoscopic surgery for IBD. The robotic procedures were performed using the Medtronic Hugo™ RAS platform (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Outcome were 30-day postoperative complications, operative time, conversion rate, intraoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and readmission rate.
Results
Among 121 consecutive patients, 80 underwent laparoscopic (LG) and 41 robotic-assisted surgery (RG). Baseline, preoperative and disease-specific characteristics were comparable except for older age (50 [38–56] vs. 38 [28–54] years; p = 0.05) and higher albumin (42 [40–44] vs. 40 [38–42] g/L, p = 0.006) in the RG. Intracorporeal anastomosis was more frequent in the RG (80% vs. 6%; p < 0.001) with longer operative time (240 vs. 205min; p = 0.006), while the conversion rate was not different (5% vs. 10%, p = 0.49). Postoperative complications were similar, including the rate of intra-abdominal septic complications (5% vs. 5%, p = 1), postoperative ileus (5% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.71), bleeding (2% vs. 5%, p = 0.66) and Clavien-Dindo > 2 complications (7% vs. 6%; p = 1).
Conclusion
IBD surgery performed using the Medtronic Hugo™ RAS is safe and feasible, with similar postoperative outcomes when compared to the laparoscopic approach.

*Matteo Rottoli & Stefano Cardelli are equal first authors.
Effects of Human Cytomegalovirus on Some Hematological Parameters and Liver Function in Pregnant Women, Yemen
Authors: Al-Halani Ali Ahmed , Edrees Wadhah , Al-Awar Mohammed Sadeq , Al-Shehari Wadee Abdullah , Qasem Eglal Ahmed , Al-Haddad Osama Saleh
Published: July 2024

Background
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a common congenital infection that affects approximately 0.7–1% of all live births worldwide. Approximately 11% of newborns who are infected show symptoms at birth, and of these, between 30% and 40% are at a risk of experiencing long-term neurological complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HCMV on hematological parameters and liver function in pregnant women in Hajjah governorate, Yemen.
Materials and Methods
This study is a cross-section study that conducted in the Hajjah governorate of Yemen during a period of March to June 2023. A total of 108 blood specimens were collected from participants; 78 from patients group and 30 health group. Hematological parameters, such as total red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), platelet count (PLT), and white blood cells (WBC), as well as liver function tests, such as total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, were measured.
Results
Majority of participant patients aged between 16–21 years 27 (34.7%), studied at secondary schools (46.2%), in their second trimester 51 (65.4%), those with multigravida 54 (69.2%), and those with no history of congenital diseases 60 (76.9%). Compared with the control group, the mean WBC levels were significantly lower in HCMV patients (P < 0.05), whereas PLT Levels were higher among HCMV patients (P < 0.05). Additionally, the mean levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, SGOT, ALP, and albumin were significantly lower in patients with HCMV than in HC (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the patient and healthy groups in terms of HB, RBC counts, SGPT, and total protein (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
It can be concluded that HCMV infection had a statistically significant effect on WBC, PLT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, SGOT, ALP, and albumin levels in pregnant women. Consequently, further studies are needed to define the role of HCMV in liver disorders.
The Effect of The ROPES Learning Model with the Assistance of Crocodile Physics on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Mechanical Waves Material
Authors: Karlina Muzianti Intan , Aripin Aripin , Sofi Makiyah Yanti
Published: July 2024

Based on the results of a preliminary study at SMA Negeri 2 Garut it is known that students' activeness is still lacking and students' critical thinking skills are classified as low. In addition, limited laboratory space makes learning less than optimal because it rarely does practicum. One effort that can be done to overcome this problem is to apply the ROPES learning model. Laboratory space limitations can be overcome by practicing crocodile physics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ROPES learning model assisted by crocodile physics on students' critical thinking skills in mechanical wave material in class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 2 Garut in the 2022/2023 academic year. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group research design. Instrument of students' critical thinking skills is carried out by giving tests in the form of essays with each question consisting of one indicator of critical thinking. The results of t-test at the significance level (α=0,05) show that tcountttable which means H0 is rejected, so it can be concluded that the ROPES learning model assisted by crocodile physics has a significant effect on critical thinking skills in mechanical wave material.
Differentiated and conflicting incentives across the sanitation value chain: the case of Sanergy in Nairobi
Authors: Zaqout Mariam , Mdee Anna , Barrington Dani , Agol Dorice , Evans Barbara E.
Published: July 2024

The challenge of achieving safely managed sanitation in low-income settlements in the context of rapid urban expansion in Nairobi is significant. National and county government plans for sanitation focus primarily on extending large-scale sewer systems, but in recent years, there has been increasing activity on non-sewered sanitation, particularly container-based sanitation (CBS) to potentially extend safely managed sanitation. Market-based CBS providers received extensive investment and promised to rapidly scale service delivery. Yet, progress has faltered, and scaling up is proving to be problematic. We apply a service characteristics analysis to examine the case of Sanergy, a CBS provider. Data are drawn from documents and stakeholder interviews. We demonstrate that misaligned incentives between stakeholders explain why extensive scaling up has (so far) failed to materialise. In particular, the creation of a self-sustaining faecal waste circular economy has proved to be elusive and highlights the need for the state to engage actively in sanitation provision as a public good.
ANALISIS SPASIAL PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN PASCA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Maruddani Rizki Feroza , Somantri Lili , Panjaitan Frandica
Published: July 2024

Changes in land use and cover play an important role in sustainable natural resource management. Muaro Jambi Regency, which is rich in biodiversity, has ecosystem services for residents in the area, especially plantations which are one of the leading commodities. Forests as the largest land cover in Muaro Jambi Regency have experienced quite rapid changes, especially after forest and land fires occur almost every year. Real-time monitoring and assessment on a spatio-temporal basis is important to determine changes in land cover. This research examines changes in land cover in Sarolangun Regency from Landsat-8 time series images from 2018 to 2023. Land cover is classified into 6 classes using the supervised classification method. The data findings show that forests have experienced a significant decline, while settlements have experienced a very substantial increase. Comprehensive research regarding the vulnerability of periodic land cover changes at local and regional levels must be carried out to maintain sustainable environmental ecosystems.
SARS-CoV-2 multi-epitope subunit vaccine proof-of-concept derived from the insilico study with protein expression in Escherichia coli BL21
Authors: Muhayya Syarifah Raisha ,   Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Senen, Central Jakarta 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia, Ariyanto Ibnu Agus , Widianingtyas Silvia , Subiantistha Tanaya , Bela Budiman ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl, Pegangsaaan Timur No.16, Central Jakarta, 10320, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia,   Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl.Salemba Raya No. 4, Senen, Central Jakarta, 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia,   Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl.Salemba Raya No. 4, Senen, Central Jakarta, 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia,   Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia (RSUI), Jl. Prof. DR. Bahder Djohan, Pondok Cina, Beji, Depok, 16424, West Java ,Indonesia
Published: July 2024

The protein subunit vaccine is the most considerably developed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, according to the WHO vaccine tracker in 2023. The acceleration of vaccine development in 2 years of eradicating the COVID-19 pandemic is attainable due to the role of bioinformatics. This paper aims to evaluate strategies for developing multi-epitope SARS-CoV-2 recombinant vaccines in silico with high protein expression in Escherichia coli vector plasmid. The study was conducted by analysing SARS-CoV-2 epitopes using immunoinformatic tools provided by IEDB, codon optimisation, rare codon analysis, plasmid design, and ribosomal binding site (RBS) analysis were analysed using RNA structure 6.4, gene cloning by E. coli DH5α and protein expression by E. coli BL21. Each epitope peptide candidate was linked to a flexible linker sequence (GGGGS). GelAnalyzer 19.1 was utilised to determine the protein band of SDS-PAGE. The immunoinformatic study obtained a multi-epitope of the recombinant SARS-COV-2 vaccine with 7 epitopes for HLA-I allele candidates and 4 for HLA-II. It is demonstrated that the candidate vaccine protein was successfully cloned in E. coli DH5α and expressed in E. coli BL21. The result of this study will benefit the development of a SARS-CoV-2 protein recombinant vaccine that is safe, affordable, and efficient to induce T-cell response.
Trade Liberalization Effects on Economic Growth, 1980-2022
Authors: Domínguez Blancas Christian Said , Ángeles Castro Gerardo
Published: July 2024

The orthodox view of the effect of trade on GDP per capita assumes greater growth and equity, the heterodox theory refutes the argument and predicts inequitable and divergent results between countries. We resume the discussion using information from 1980 to 2022 in 102 countries, applying a panel data methodology and slope disaggregation. The goal is to test whether trade has adverse effects in lower-income countries and how the effect has changed over time. The results show that trade negatively affects GDP per capita growth mainly through imports, this tends to worsen over time and the impact is greater in poor countries. The main implication is the growing income divergence between nations; the recommendation is that governments and multilateral organizations continue to explore ways to balance and socialize trade. It is concluded that heterodox postulates, such as the vision of Thirlwall on trade, continue to be valid. The originality of the document lies in the disaggregation of results by countries and time blocks, as well as exports and imports.
Performance of salt‐bridge microbial fuel cell (SB‐MFC) with various microorganism cultures on the generation of electricity from tofu wastewater
Authors: Permana Dani , Putra Herlian Eriska , Rohman Oman , Ependi Mahyar , Djaenudin Djaenudin
Published: July 2024

A suitable wastewater treatment system is required due to the high organic compound content in tofu wastewater, which can harm the environment. Biological treatment methods are effective for treating tofu wastewater due to its characteristics. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent one such biological treatment option, effectively removing organic contaminants while generating low‐power electricity through bioenergetic reactions. In MFCs, microorganisms are used as biocatalysts to degrade the organic compounds present in wastewater. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Salt‐bridge microbial fuel cells (SB‐MFC) using various acclimatized microbe cultures for reducing organic compounds and generating energy from tofu wastewater. Tofu wastewater was sterilized prior to introduction into the reactor. Additional microbes, including the native microbe consortium from tofu wastewater, Escherichia coli, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, and a mixed culture of E. coli and S. fibuligera, were then introduced as biocatalysts. Carbon electrodes were utilized as both the anode and cathode. The results indicate that the mixed culture of E. coli and S. fibuligera significantly reduced COD and BOD5 levels, with removal rates of 82.74% and 76.53%, respectively, after 48 h. Furthermore, the culture generated a voltage of 676 mV, a current of 2.53 mA, a power density of 428 mWatt/m2, and 4.789×10‐2 kWh of energy. This study contributes to the advancement of SB‐MFC by utilizing wastewater and a combination of bacteria and yeast as biocatalysts.
Elimination of ineffective inorganic salt component in medium for indole‐3‐acetic acid synthesis by Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 and its effect on the growth of chili seedlings
Authors: Yusfi Liza Aulia , Tjong Djong Hon , Chaniago Irawati , Irsyad Muhamad , Jamsari Jamsari
Published: July 2024

Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) is an essential phytohormone that controls a variety of plant growth mechanisms. Bacteria can produce IAA to stimulate plant growth, with its production influenced by the culture conditions. Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 is recognized as an IAA‐producing bacterium, exhibiting maximum IAA production in a yeast medium comprising yeast extract, sucrose, K2HPO4, MgSO4, NaCl, and CaCO3. However, prior studies optimizing individual inorganic salt components indicated minimal impact on IAA synthesis within this medium. This study aimed to eliminate the unnecessary inorganic salt components and the medium was then applied to investigate the IAA biosynthesis pathway and the plant growth‐promoting assay. The elimination assay consisted of yeast sucrose medium devoid of K2HPO4, MgSO4, NaCl, or CaCO3, and yeast sucrose medium containing only MgSO4 and CaCO3. Various indole compounds were then added to the revised medium composition to investigate the IAA biosynthesis pathway of UBCF_13 using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the effect of UBCF_13 culture supernatant, cultivated in the new medium, on chili plant growth was evaluated. The highest IAA production (138.8 µg/mL) was observed in the yeast sucrose with CaCO3 and MgSO4 (elimination of K2HPO4 and NaCl). The presence of indole‐3‐acetamide (IAM) compound from the medium extracts, supplemented with multiple indole compounds, revealed that UBCF_13 may use the IAM pathway. The application of UBCF_13 supernatant enhanced the shoot, root length, fresh weight, and germination time of chili seeds by 37.7%, 49.3%, 204.3%, and 38.6%, respectively. This study demonstrated that eliminating K2HPO4 and NaCl provided a new culture medium composition conducive to IAA production by UBCF_13. Moreover, the UBCF_13 extract has the potential to promote plant growth.
Preparation and Evaluation of Cream Containing Betel Leaf Extract for Removal of Cutaneous Warts
Authors: Gavali Akshay S.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Warts are common skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They can appear on any part of the body but are most commonly found on the hands, feet, and genitals. Warts are usually harmless but can be unsightly or cause discomfort, especially if they are frequent friction or pressure. There are several types of warts, including common warts, plantar warts (on the soles of the feet), genital warts, and flat warts (often found on the face). Creams are semisolid dosage form containing one or more drugs substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable base. They are emulsion of either W/O, O/W creams are uses for various purposes. Wart removal cream contains some synthetic substances as well as herbal ingredients like betel steam which is having antiviral activity against the human papilloma virus (HPV). Then calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide slowly absorbed into the skin causing rupturing of the skin cells that contains the wart virus. To prepare wart removal cream sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate along with the aqueous extract of betel leaf by maceration with the excipients such as stearic acid, glycerin, methyl paraben, distilled water are used. Finally, the cream is evaluated with various parameters such as physical and chemical properties like pH, viscosity, spreadability, texture. As this cream has clove oil which is used as an analgesic to avoid the irritational pain. The pH of the cream is supposed to be basic and around 12-12.5. During the evaluation the pH of the cream was found out to be 12.1. Cream was easily spreadable and it had a pleasant appearance.
Analysis of Normal Annual Rainfall of Kadapa District in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sowjanya M. Venkata
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Rainfall is an important parameter in the assessment of water resources projects. The normal annual rainfall is the average value of annual rainfall of year over a specified 30 year period. The 30 year normal is recomputed every decade. Normal annual rainfall is important in planning and design of hydraulic structures. The annual rainfall of Kadapa District for the period of 1910 to 2019 is collected from Water Resources Information Systems portal. The change in normal annual rainfall for every decade is calculated by using MS-Excel spread sheet, starting from 1910. Statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation are calculated. The trend of maximum rainfall and minimum rainfall for every 30 years period is analyzed. Index of wetness is also calculated.