bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s Participation in August Meeting and its Implication for Community Development in Ezza North Local Area, Ebonyi State
Authors: Oketa Chibugo , EgujI Ede , Oginyi Ronald , Nweke Joshua , Udude Celina
Published: July 2024

In South East Nigeria, the month of August has become a very significant. This is because women gather in their numbers to articulate ideas to enhance the development of their various communities. This study, therefore, investigated women’s participation in August Meeting and its implications and its implications for community development in Ezza North Local Government Area (LGA). Social Responsibility Theory was adopted as a theoretical framework for the study. The study adopted cross sectional survey design and the sample size was 389 respondents. The instruments used for data collection was questionnaire and data collected were presented and analyzed using simple percentages and frequency tables. The finding reveals that participation in the August Meeting is symbolic and significant for economic development. It is a month of reunion of women in Ezza North LGA. Projects have been articulated and executed during this period. Based on the findings, the study recommends, among others, that there is a need to organize seminars for some illiterate women in rural communities. This would help to create more awareness on the importance of women’s participation in the August Meeting.
Synthesis and characterization of potential antioxidant agent of novel pyridylazo ligand and its palladium complex
Authors: Shamran Mohammed Hasan , Sultan Atica
Published: July 2024

A new azo dye ligand namely ((E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-3-yldiazenyl)phenyl)ethan-1-one) (HPPE) was synthesized by the coupling reaction of diazoinium salt of 3-aminopyridine and 4-hydroxyacetophenone. The palladium complex was prepared by reacting palladium chloride with the HPPE ligand. These compounds were characterized by different techniques such as mass, 1H-NMR, infrared, UV-Vis spectroscopies. The infrared data reveal that azo ligand reacting as bidentate via oxygen and nitrogen atom of azo group and it reveals the important functions as carbonyl group, methyl group, and azo group in the ligand and the complex such. The palladium complex is square planer. The ligand showed a visible colorimetric pH sensitive chemosensor, fast response time and is fully reversible and exhibited a large wavelength shift more than170 nm accompanied by excellent sensitivity of pH in the range of 3-9. The HPPE ligand and palladium complex showed potential antioxidant activity especially the ligand showed activity so close to the ascorbic acid.
KEY WORDS: Antioxidant, Palladium complex, Pyridyl, Azo dye, Acidity
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1301-1310.                                            
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.9
Investigation of the electrical potential of whey using a river sediment microbial fuel cell
Authors: Ateş Esra , Latif Sanin Selim
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to use whey and river sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) to produce electrical potential, which has been investigated rarely in previous studies. In this study, the majority of the microorganisms in the river SMFC mixed culture were Bacteroides and Clostridium. After the voltage and internal resistance were measured, the current and power density were calculated. The power density (279*10-3 mW/cm2 ) and maximum current density (1100*10-6 mA/cm2 ) were determined through computations. Bacteria present in river SMFCs showed the potential to generate electricity without any external mediators. By utilizing organic materials, bioelectricity can be produced affordably and sustainably.
KEY WORDS: Electrical potential, SMFC, Treatment, Whey, River sediment
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1479-1491.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.22
Investigation of Indium droplet assisted nucleation of InAs nanowires on graphite
Authors: Ezekiel Anyebe
Published: July 2024

An investigation of the Indium (In) droplet assisted nucleation of InAs nanowires (NWs) on graphite based on the quasi-van-der-Waals epitaxy method is reported. The surface morphology of as-grown NWs was studied using FEI XL30 SFEG scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) used for composition determination. Clear evidence is presented to demonstrate that the uniaxial growth of the InAs NWs directly on the underlying graphitic substrate is driven by the Indium droplets which etch nanoholes in the graphitic substrate and promote the formation of InAs seed particles underneath the NWs facilitating their vertical directionality. A high yield of InAs NWs exclusively in the [111]/[0001] growth direction on graphite is attributed to the InAs seeding particle. This report not only provides a better understanding of the InAs NWs nucleation on graphite but also unravels a cost-effective technique for obtaining a high yield of vertically oriented NWs on graphite with enormous potential for applications in highly efficient and flexible nano devices.
Optimizing cost policies in an industrial setting using duality theory: a case study of brewery production company
Authors: Iwuji Anayo Charles , Okoroafor Promise Izuchukwu
Published: July 2024

The concept of duality is applied to achieve optimal revenue generation in a production. It provides optimal cost policies for selling available raw materials when production is not feasible. In this work, the duality theorem is applied to the primal linear programming (LP) model of a brewery production company by Ekwonwune and Edebatu (2016) to achieve an optimal cost policy that satisfies the strong duality theorem. The dual LP model of the brewery production problem is formulated which is aimed at minimizing costs of raw material sales when production is not feasible. The optimal cost obtained provides maximum revenue plans for the brewery as well as minimized cost of purchase for the buyer. Data used in the illustration of the dual LP model is secondary data which includes profit of cartons of drinks, quantity of raw materials used in the production of some selected drinks in a brewery and available quantity of raw materials in the production run. From the analysis of the dual LP model formulated, the optimal amount obtained from sales of raw materials is 43,196. This optimal sales amount corresponds to the optimal profit solution of the primal model when production holds which is also 43,196. This result therefore upholds the strong duality theorem.
Comparative analysis of widal agglutination and typhoid humoral response assays in febrile patients at Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Faruku N. , Sarkinfada F. , Akande A. O. , Hafiz Taysir R. , Khalid I.M. , Kabuga Idris A. , Musa S. , Umar K. , Magaji Faruk U. , Yusuf M. , Mujahid N.S. , Abbas M. A.
Published: July 2024

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening diseases caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi that poses high-level of public health concern especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Essentially, inadequate or inappropriate diagnosis of the human salmonellosis could be a factor that facilitated its dissemination in Nigeria. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of serological widal and Typhoid IgG/IgM tests in comparison with blood culture as a reference for typhoid diagnosis among febrile patients attending three public hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria. A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out among 406 febrile patients with suspected typhoid fever (mean age = 34 years). Blood culture for bacterial isolation, subjects widal and Salmonella enterica serovar typhi IgM/IgG tests were performed on all participants by the use of selective bacteriological media, slide agglutination, rapid Typhoid IgG/IgM lateral flow immunochromatographic assay, respectively. Positive Salmonella typhi culture was obtained in 6.4% of the participants, of which a higher rate was recorded among males 7.5% than in females 5.0% participants. Anti-typhoid IgM and IgG were detected 25.1% and 21.9% of the participants while the widal agglutination was positive in 52% of the participants.. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value of typhoid IgM was found as 88.46%, 79.21%, 22.55%, and 99.01%, respectively. Whereas, 65.38%, 48.95%, 8.06%, and 95.39% were obtained for Widal agglutination test, respectively. Based on these findings, the typhoid IgM and IgG demonstrated better diagnostic performance for serological identification of typhoid in the first week of illness than widal test. Hence, so it is suggested that healthcare facilities to considering replacing the widal test by typhoid IgM/IgG tests in cases when urgent test results are necessary in lieu of culture that has long turnaround time.
Investigation of the impact of Gadon Kaya gate dumpsite on the underground water system in Kano Metropolis using the passive electrical resistivity profiling
Authors: Musa A. H. , Bem T. S. , Adudu O. F. , Ibrahim A. , Kamilu A.
Published: July 2024

The rapid urbanization and population growth in Kano, Nigeria, have led to an increase in waste generation, with dumpsites such as Gadon Kaya becoming significant contributors to environmental pollution, particularly the groundwater system. This study focuses on assessing the impact of Gadon Kaya dumpsite on the groundwater system in Kano, employing electrical resistivity as a geophysical technique. The ADMT 300SX device was used for the data acquisition at the dumpsite. Three profiles were taken across the dumpsite and one additional profile 100m away from the dumpsite as a control profile. The first profile has a length of 30m and a sampling interval of 2m, while the second, third, and control profiles are 60m in length with a sampling interval of 5m respectively. The results from these profiles showed that the leachate had contaminated the top layer and the weathered basement with deeper leachate migration where fractures in the basement complex connect with the weathered layer. The results also showed the area of highly resistive material interpreted as the crystalline basement which is without water content. From other studies, we deduced that the contaminated zone is beyond the water table or the aquifer materials in the region.
Macroinvertebrates diversity of a municipal River Landzun, Bida, Nigeria
Authors: Ndana T. K. , Arimoro F.O. , Usman H. , Ayanwale V. O.
Published: July 2024

This study evaluates the anthropogenic impacts of the River Landzun in Nigeria by analyzing macroinvertebrate data collected over a 6-month period. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using the Kick Seine method at four stations along the river, with station 1 serving as the reference point and stations 2, 3, and 4 experiencing varying levels of human activity. A total of 694 macroinvertebrates individuals representing 40 taxa were collected, with coleopterans being the most common across all stations, followed by odonates and dipterans at stations 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed strong relationships between species abundance and environmental parameters, indicating a significant impact on the ecosystem. The low abundance of Ephemeropteran – Plecoptera – Trichoptera (EPT) taxa suggests environmental disturbance across all sampling stations. Despite this, pollution-tolerant species, particularly in the odonate and coleopteran groups, were well-represented, likely due to the availability of diverse habitats and nutrients in the River Landzun.
Embedded Communication System for Monitoring and Authenticating Transactions via Proxy on Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)
Authors: Ibiyemi Ibilade Abdurrasaq , Musa Haruna , Yusuf Jelilat Olusola
Published: July 2024

This paper reports the development of a secured system which allows the registered customer of a bank to monitor and authorize  transaction via proxy on ATM. The system utilizes Atmel AVR microcontroller and communication modem as its controlling device.  Microsoft Windows 8 was used as an operating system platform in the host PC for the implementation phase, with Object oriented C programming language in Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 being the front end development and MSSQL server 2012 as back end. A Bank  customer’s cell phone is used as a token for withdrawal transaction to be made in the account. Transaction could be made without  disclosing personal identification number (PIN) to the nominee because the account owner authorizes the machine by sending the PIN  and the amount to be withdrawn through his phone even in a remote area as far as there is a communication network. The application  evaluation of the system was based on security of user PIN for transaction via proxy, ability of account or debit card owner to validate  transaction on the ATM in absentia and average authentication time in comparison to the maximum authentication time allowed on the  system. The ability to recognize user’s phone number shows the security and reliability of the proposed system for ATM users’  authentication. Results also showed that for a successful transaction, the proposed system allowed an average transaction time of 47.58  seconds through SMS.
Review of the Advanced Encryption Standard System Performance on Hidden Data
Authors: Adigun A.A. , Adigun O.I. , Abolarinwa M.O. , Bakare O.S. , Folorunso S.O. , Adebayo S.O. , Oladimeji A.I.
Published: July 2024

As the digital landscape continues to rapidly evolve, fueled by the proliferation of multimediaapplications, ensuring the security of data transmission has become a paramount concern.Cryptography emerges as a stalwart guardian in this dynamic environment, offering a robustapproach to safeguarding sensitive information. Despite significant strides in enhancing securityservices and processes over the years, the relentless march of technological progress demands a continual reassessment of strategies for protecting data in transit. Cryptography, with its ability totransform plaintext into ciphertext through encryption procedures, remains a cornerstone of moderndata security frameworks. This paper reviews a series of data security methods, focusing on theperformance of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) system in concealing data. A structuredapproach is employed to actualize the reviewed methods, with cryptographic techniques scrutinized inthe literature. Analysis is conducted to obtain reviewed literature, evaluating the strengths andlimitations of different cryptographic methods. The practical application of cryptography techniquesis assessed across various literatures, identifying potential implications for enhancing data security inthe modern digital environment. It is observed that encryption techniques are utilized to protect dataover the internet and other forms of data transmission, yet brute force methods can sometimes easilyidentify hidden data. This paper suggests that combining two or more algorithms can lead to betterdata security. Specifically, combining the AES algorithm with other algorithms such as Proxy reencryption, Honey encryption, and N-th degree Truncated Polynomial Ring Unit (NTRU) canenhance the data encryption and decryption process.
A Study on Single Extraction Technique of Some Selected Heavy Metals in the Soils of Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim R. , Dauda M.S. , Igwemmar N.C. , Obingwa P.W.
Published: July 2024

Toxicity of metals in the soils has been a great environmental menace for decades. Toxicity of ions in Abuja soils at soil depth of 15cm was  investigated using a single extraction analytical technique. Flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used for instrumental  analysis. Single extraction ionic mobility sequence in urban soil samples is as follows: Zn>Cu>Fe>Al>Mn>>As>Ni>Pb>Cd>Cr. Mobility sequence in sub-urban soils is Zn>Cu>Fe>Al>Mn>>As>Ni>Pb>Cd>Cr and the sequence in Asokoro Forest soils (control) is  Zn>Cu>Mn>Al>Fe>As>Ni>Cr>Cd>Pb. Zn ion has the highest mobility/bioavailability which indicates that Abuja metropolis could be sitting  on Zn deposits. High mobility of Zn portends danger to plants and environment, as Zn toxicity hinders photosynthesis in plants thereby  increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere which increases climate change subsequently. The study of metals toxicity in the  environment will assist environmentalists and government policy makers in making decisions on how to tackle this menace. Abuja  environment stakeholders should as a matter of urgency develop technical and legal frameworks to control the rise in metal build up in  the metropolis.
Effects of Co-administration of Moringa oliefera Leaf Tea with Standard Drug on Diabetic and Hypertensive Co-morbidity Patients
Authors: Lambe M.O. , Adedo A.I. , Nurudeen Q.O. , Elemosho A.O.
Published: July 2024

Treatments of diabetes and hypertension have remained a great challenge due to complications of toxicities and drug resistance  associated with the chemotherapeutic regimens. Hence the need to explore the use of supplements in the management of diabetic  patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf tea (MOT) supplements on the glucose and haematological  parameters in diabetes and hypertension co-morbidity patients. Fifty (50) patients of either sex diagnosed with the comorbidity of  diabetes and hypertension were randomly assigned into five groups each consisting of ten patients (n=10) each. Group 1 served as the  positive control, Group 2 as the negative control, Group 3 received normal control treatment plus MOT , Group 4 was treated with a  reference drug, and Group 5 received the reference drug in combination with MOT. Administration was done for 14 days and thereafter,  blood samples were collected for the assay of advanced glycation end product (AGEs), Advanced Oxidation Protein Product (AOPP),  Glucose Index (Random, fasting and post prandial blood sugars) and haematological indices. The result revealed a significant decrease  (p<0.01) in the level of AGEs and AOPP among patients treated with MOT compared to patients served with standard drug only and  groups treated with standard drugs and control. There was a significant (p<0.01) reduction in the haematological parameters of all the  groups treated with the standard drugs. However, there was a significant increase in the haematological parameters of the groups co- administered with MOT when compared with the control groups with only standard drugs. In conclusion, co-administration of M. oleifera  leaf tea to patients suffering from diabetes-hypertension comorbidity treatment regimens can mitigate the adverse effects of the drugs  by the reduction of glycemic parameters while improving the haematological parameters.
Advancements in Air Quality Monitoring for Atmospheric Lead (Pb) Detection Using Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Onaiwu Gregory E. , Ayidu Nneka Joy
Published: July 2024

Air quality monitoring is essential for safeguarding public health and environmental sustainability, particularly concerning lead (Pb)  contamination, which poses significant risks to human well-being. This comprehensive review delves into advancements in air quality  monitoring for atmospheric lead detection, focusing on the utilization of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The review traces the evolution of monitoring techniques from traditional methods to advanced technologies, highlighting the transformative role of WSNs in  environmental monitoring. WSNs offer advantages such as real-time data acquisition and spatial coverage, enabling continuous and  widespread monitoring of lead concentrations in the atmosphere. Technological enhancements in WSNs for lead detection, including sensor technologies and integration with IoT and big data analytics, are examined. The review underscores the importance of sensor  accuracy, calibration, and environmental impacts, alongside economic and regulatory challenges in deploying WSN-based monitoring  systems. Furthermore, case studies demonstrate the successful deployment of WSNs for lead monitoring, showcasing their effectiveness  in local and regional air quality management. Comparative analyses with traditional methods underscore the advantages of WSNs in  terms of accuracy, reliability, and scalability. The framework outlines the approach for conducting a literature review, data collection, case  study selection, interviews, comparative analysis, synthesis, and future directions. Recommendations for future research emphasize  the need for advancements in sensor technology and network systems, aiming to address gaps and improve the efficacy of  air quality monitoring initiatives. The implications of WSNbased lead monitoring for stakeholders, particularly in African countries like  Nigeria, are discussed, highlighting the potential to address air quality challenges and promote sustainable development.
Prescription of Anti-Malarial Drugs to Patients with Negative Malarial Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) Result by Health Care Workers in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Murtala Hassan Adam , Abdulmajid Sadiya Abdulqadir , Abdullahi Aisha Adam , Daneji Isah Muhammad , Adamu Almukhtar Yahuza , Abbas Muhammad , Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi , Gambo Mahmud Jahun , Safiyanu Mahmud , Manu Abdulsalami Yayo
Published: July 2024

The World Health Organization and the National Malaria Treatment Guideline recommend parasitebased malaria diagnosis by light microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs). Positive result is the only indication for anti-malarial treatment whereas negative cases  should be reassessed for other common causes of fever. However, contrary to this and for reasons not to be cleared, health workers (HWs) still prescribe antimalarial to patients with negative malarial rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) results of antimalarial drug resistance. To  explore the possible reasons for this practice, we assessed compliance with the guidelines among healthcare workers and identified  factors associated with the prescription of antimalarial drugs to patients with negative mRDT results. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, years of professional experience, choice, and compliance to mRDT results, and management of fever were generated  using a questionnaire. We tested associations between these variables and the prescription of antimalarial drugs to patients with  negative mRDT results using Chisquare at P< 0.05 adopted as the level of significance. The study revealed that higher proportion of doctors and nurses (79.4% and 52.5%, p 0.001) and HWs with less than five years of clinical practice (60.8%, P<0.024), prescribed  antimalarial to patients with negative mRDT results. Our results demonstrated a significant lack of adherence to National health policy on  the treatment of malaria among young healthcare workers. The practice would presumably promote drug overuse and accelerate the  emergency visit of antimalarial drug resistance. We recommend the supervision and guidance of junior and early career healthcare  workers by their seniors to ensure compliance with test results and good healthcare practices.
A systematic review of digital technology adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises: implications for performance in developing countries
Authors: Lucian Dimoso Romanus , Utonga Dickson
Published: July 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial for economic development, yet they face resource constraints and regulatory limitations. The advent of digital technologies presents transformative opportunities for SMEs, enabling them to overcome traditional obstacles and enhance performance, growth, innovation, and social inclusion. This systematic review examines the impact of digital technology adoption on SME performance in developing countries. The study utilized a systematic search strategy to retrieve pertinent literature from electronic databases from 2017 to 2023. Results reveal that adopting digital technology enhances SME performance across the operational, financial, market, and customer relationship metrics. These findings have implications for policymakers and practitioners, emphasizing the importance of promoting digital technology adoption among SMEs through supportive policies, training, and infrastructure.
Effects of integrated fertilizer application on soil properties and yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) on Nitisols in Pawe District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Getaneh Seble , Molla Eyayu , Abera Dejene
Published: July 2024

In many parts of Ethiopia, the primary challenge limiting crop productivity is the depletion of soil fertility. Despite being one of Ethiopia's primary cereal crops, the yields of maize are currently believed to be low owing to low soil fertility, continuous farming, and poor crop management. A field experiment was carried out on the Nitisols of Pawe Research Station in northwest Ethiopia during the 2020-21 cropping season to evaluate the effects of the integrated application of farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties and maize yield. The treatments were a factorial combination of four levels of FYM (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1) and four levels of nitrogen (0, 34.5, 69, and 103.5 kg ha-1) in the form of urea. Besides, 46 kg ha-1 P2O5 fertilizer was applied for all treatments. The experiment was arranged in RCBD with three replications. The result showed that combined applications of FYM and N fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) improved the soil pH, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable calcium. The combined application of 10 t ha-1 FYM and 69 kg ha-1 N recorded the highest maize grain yield (10,035.8 kg ha-1) and thousand-grain weight (415.97 g), while the interaction of 103.5 kg ha-1 N and 15 t ha-1 FYM produced the highest biomass yield (25.83 t ha-1). The combined application of 10 t ha-1 FYM and 69 kg ha-1N is therefore recommended for economical production (net benefit of 81,258.7 ETB ha-1 and acceptable MRR of 497.96%) of maize and soil fertility improvement in the study area and areas with similar agro-ecology.
The effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the treatment of age-related cataract: A systematic review
Authors: Osigwe Obialo Iwunze
Published: July 2024

Context: The effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the treatment of age-related cataract has been studied by many authorities and  nothing concrete has been documented to encourage further discourse on followups and pharmaceutical trials.
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic agents in the treatment of age-related cataract.
Data Sources: The search engines employed include PUBMED and EBSCO research Databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, E-journals and Open Dissertations).
Study Selection: The key words used were “age-related cataract”, “drug treatment”, “cataract” and “pharmacotherapy”. There was no  language restriction. Studies were random controlled trials and quasi experiments that reported relative risks, odds ratios or hazard  ratios with 95%CI for their reported results.
Data Extraction: Independent mining of articles by one author applying already defined data fields, including study value pointers.
Data Synthesis: Data was put on a spread sheet and analyzed according to the study parameters of interest.
Results: 90 percent of the studies reported a measure of effects on age-related cataracts in humans and enucleated cataractous human  lens nuclei, horses, dogs, and goats, and induced cataracts in rats and rabbits.
Conclusions: Many substances have been researched and  shown to inhibit development and progression of age-related cataract in human eyes and in selenite and diabetic cataracts in animal  models. It is possible to ameliorate cataract with pharmacotherapy once the right combination of agents is discovered.
Trends in severe acute malnutrition admissions, characteristics, and treatment outcomes in Malawi from 2011 through 2019
Authors: Daniel Allison I. , Kathumba Sylvester , Mitambo Collins , Chasweka Dennis , Voskuijl Wieger , Kamanga Esther , Mbale Emmie , Bandsma Robert H.J. , Potani Isabel
Published: July 2024

Background Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) has been successfully implemented across Malawi, yet trends in admissions, characteristics, and treatment outcomes in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have not been examined. The objective was therefore to investigate trends in admissions, characteristics including percentage of children with SAM with HIV and oedema, and treatment outcomes across the decade following implementation of CMAM.Methods This research involved a retrospective analysis of existing data routinely collected across Malawi by the Ministry of Health between 2011 and 2019.ResultsThese data showed an increase in outpatient therapeutic feeding (OTP) admissions from 30323 children in 2011 to 37655 in 2019 (p=0.045). However, a significant decrease in nutritional rehabilitation unit (NRU) admissions was observed, from 11389 annual admissions in 2011 to 6271 in 2019 (p=0.006). In children identified with SAM, the percentage with oedema decreased in OTPs with an average annual rate of reduction (AARR) of 5.6% (p=0.001) and by 26.2% in NRUs in this timeframe with an AARR of 8.5% (p<0.001). The percentage of children with SAM who had HIV decreased over time in OTPs with an AARR of 16.1% (p=0.001). HIV rates also decreased in NRUs with an AARR of 7.2% (p=0.4), but this difference was not significant. Death rates decreased in OTPs with an AARR of 6.0% (p=0.01). Mortality rates did not change in NRUs over time with an AARR of 0.9% (p=0.5) with the NRU mortality rate in 2019 being 11.0%.Conclusions These trends indicate that there has been an increase in OTP admissions and a corresponding decrease in NRU admissions. There have been decreases in the percentage of children with oedematous SAM in OTPs and in NRUs and with HIV in OTPs. Children remain at high risk of mortality in NRUs.
Correlation between inferior vena cava collability index and malnutrition in critical patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: SOYLU Veysel G , YILMAZ Ayşe , TAŞKIN Öztürk , DEMİR Ufuk , İNAN Funda Ç , DOĞANAY Zahide
Published: July 2024

Background We aimed to investigate the correlation between the inferior vena cava collability index(IVC-CI) used in the evaluation of fluid volume and the Nutrition Risk Index(NRI), Prognostic Nutrition Index(PNI), Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index(GNRI) and Controlling Nutritional Status Scoring(CONUT) used in the evaluation of malnutrition. MethodsThis study is a prospective observational study. Demographic data, laboratory data, Body Max Indexes(BMI), NRI, PNI, GNRI and CONUT in the first 24 hours of admission to the intensive care unit of 96 critically ill patients admitted to the tertiary intensive care unit with assisted invasive mechanical ventilator support and IVC-CI values were recorded. Patients with an IVC-CI >45% were evaluated as hypovolemia. Of the patients, 61 (63.5%) patients with an IVC-CI value of 45%≥ were group 1, and 35 (36.5%) patients with an IVC-CI value of >45% were determined as group 2. Correlation between the IVC-CI and malnutrition scores was investigated between the groups. Results As a result of the statistical analysis; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of BMI, NRI, PNI, GNRI and CONUT (p<0.001). According to the correlation analysis results, NRI (rs=-0.716, p<0.001), PNI (rs=-0.743, p<0.001), GNRI (rs=-0.723, p<0.001), CONUT (rs=0.741, p<0.001) were significantly correlated with the IVC-CI.ConclusionsThis study shows that there is a correlation between the IVC-CI used in the evaluation of fluid volume and malnutrition.
The Missing Piece: What SME-Owning Graduates Think About Tanzanian Universities’ Contribution to Graduate Employability
Authors: Mutalemwa Darlene
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the experiences of Tanzanian graduates who set up and led their SMEs in Dar es Salaam. Specifically, it seeks to identify the extent of the mismatch between academic education and practical skills, the degree to which the university curriculum prepares graduates for the SME sector, and how confident graduates are of the prospect of entrepreneurial success. The paper adopts a narrative approach to tell a story about what graduate employability means for those working in the SME sector in Tanzania. The stories of Rashid, Amina and Harry capture the intricacies of the realities that newly graduated young people in Dar es Salaam are grappling with when trying to run their small business. On a macro level, these stories being dissected independently are unique, but they shed light on many themes together. There needs to be a match between the skills acquired through the traditional educational avenue and the practical skills necessary to run an SME. Thus, more entrepreneurship and practical skill training modules must be introduced into university curricula.
Supplementary vitamin D3 and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms affect blood vitamin D levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia
Authors: Yenni  , Wratsangka R. , Herwana E. , Kalumpiu J. V. , Liman B. P.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: There are no data on vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influence on blood 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] levels after supplementary vitamin D in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study evaluated the effects of the supplementary vitamin D3 and VDR gene SNPs rs1555410 and rs2228570 on blood 25(OH)D levels in T2DM cases. 
METHODS: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial (RDPCT) was conducted at one research setting using 85 T2DM subjects divided into vitamin D group (VDG) and control group (CG) and receiving 5,000 IU/day vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or placebo once daily for 84 days. Levels of 25(OH)D were determined baseline and after supplementary vitamin D3 administration for 84 days. Circulatory 25(OH)D was assayed using ELISA. VDR polymorphisms were detected using sequencing. 
RESULTS: Post-supplementary blood 25(OH)D rose appreciably from baseline in VDG for VDR rs1544410 genotypes G/G (p=0.001) and G/A (p=0.010), and in VDR rs2228570 genotypes T/T (p=0.012), T/C (p<0.001), and C/C (p=0.001). Post-supplementary VDG still contained 30.3% of subjects not reaching blood 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL. 
In attaining blood 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL post-supplementation, VDR rs2228570 genotype T/C differed significantly from T/T (52.4% v. 100%; p=0.027), but there were no appreciable differences between genotypes C/C and T/T (78.6% v. 100%; p=0.273), as well as between VDR rs1544410 genotypes G/G and G/A (67.5% v. 100%; p=0.542). 
CONCLUSION: Only 52.4% of subjects with VDR rs2228570 genotype T/C achieved sufficiently high blood 25(OH)D levels. VDR rs2228570 polymorphisms apparently influence T2DM response to supplementary vitamin D.
OSMANLI DÖNEMİ YABANCI GERÇEK VE TÜZEL KİŞİLERİN TAŞINMAZ EDİNİMİ VE BUNA BAĞLI DÜZENLEMELER
Authors: Sabahoğlu Zeki
Published: July 2024

Mülkiyet hakkı, kapitalist ekonomi kurallarının hâkim olduğu bölge, sistem veya devletlerde menkul ya da taşınmaz gayrimenkul bir eşya üzerinde hak sahibine kullanma, faydalanma ve tasarruf yetkisi veren, hukuk düzeninin sınırları içinde kullanılabilen, mutlak ve ayni bir haktır. Bireyler doğduğu ve vatandaşı olduğu devlette kalamayabilir. Vatandaşı olunmayan, farklı sebeplerle kendi devleti dışındaki bir devlete göç eden insanların taşınmaz edinme istemi de bulunduğu devlette yeni sorunlara ve akabinde kanunlara gebe olmuştur. Bu makalede Osmanlı Dönemindeki yabancı vatandaş ve kurumların taşınmaz edinimini ve bu edinimlere bağlı yaptırımları inceleyeceğiz.
ChatGPT in Climatology: Transforming Climate Research with Conversational AI
Authors: Fields Jacob , Davis Geddy , Leasor Zachary , Cervenec Jason
Published: July 2024

In recent years, advancements in the field of artificial intelligence have increased exponentially, culminating in widely available user-based tools such as ChatGPT. Although fairly new, these tools have as of yet been underutilized by the scientific community, including climatology. As a large language model, ChatGPT’s strong ability to accurately respond to prompts allows it to be used as a comprehensive tool with a variety of applications in climatology, which this article groups into practical and conceptual applications. Practically, ChatGPT excels in the assistance of code creation and troubleshooting, allowing for efficient automation of data collection, as well as the process of basic data sorting. Conceptually, the tool gives a foundation for researchers to “fill the knowledge gap” by gaining a basic understanding of supplementary information presented in the literature review portion of a research project. While ChatGPT is powerful, it contains significant limitations that hinder its status as a standalone tool, such as occasional inaccurate responses, lack of transparency, and absence of data protection. Despite these setbacks, use of ChatGPT in a responsible and ethical manner with awareness of its limitations can be efficient, dynamic, and adherent to the principles of scientific integrity.
Chromosomal-level genome assembly and single-nucleotide polymorphism sites of black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor
Authors:   Hong Kong Biodiversity Genomics Consortium, Hui Jerome H. L. , Chan Ting Fung , Chan Leo Lai , Cheung Siu Gin , Cheang Chi Chiu , Fang James Kar-Hei , Gaitan-Espitia Juan Diego , Lau Stanley Chun Kwan , Sung Yik Hei , Wong Chris Kong Chu , Yip Kevin Yuk-Lap , Wei Yingying , So Wai Lok , Nong Wenyan , Law Sean Tsz Sum , Crow Paul , Leong Aiko , Rose-Jeffreys Liz , Yip Ho Yin
Published: July 2024

Platalea minor, or black-faced spoonbill (Threskiornithidae), is a wading bird confined to coastal areas in East Asia. Due to habitat destruction, it was classified as globally endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. However, the lack of genomic resources for this species hinders the understanding of its biology and diversity, and the development of conservation measures. Here, we report the first chromosomal-level genome assembly of P. minor using a combination of PacBio SMRT and Omni-C scaffolding technologies. The assembled genome (1.24 Gb) contains 95.33% of the sequences anchored to 31 pseudomolecules. The genome assembly has high sequence continuity with scaffold length N50 = 53 Mb. We predicted 18,780 protein-coding genes and measured high BUSCO score completeness (97.3%). Finally, we revealed 6,155,417 bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms, accounting for ∼5% of the genome. This resource offers new opportunities for studying the black-faced spoonbill and developing conservation measures for this species.
From Homelessness to Higher Education: A University’s Approach to Housing Students
Authors: Radohl Tami , Shockley Jordan , Brown Kathryn , Groves Vanessa , Montoya Regina
Published: July 2024

Homelessness among at-risk transitional age youth is an increasingly growing crisis impacting college-aged students across the United States. Thankfully, along with interest in their local community’s success, universities have the necessary resources that may offer a unique solution to this crisis. This study describes the pilot of a collaborative effort among a local youth shelter, mental health center, and a private university that provides housing and a college education simultaneously for college students experiencing homelessness and evaluates whether students who participate in such programs experience and maintain increases in life satisfaction, wellbeing, and resilience. Data were collected from a total of seven college students over a period of four years for this longitudinal study, yielding limited but encouraging results about the pilot process and the potential for an expansion of the project. Students were asked to complete surveys that assessed resilience and life satisfaction using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and the Satisfaction with Life scale (International Wellbeing Group, 2013). Results showed students in the program presented similar scores as the general population (Zimmermann et al., 2020). Scores of well-being and resilience fluctuated; however, over time student wellbeing and resilience increased overall. Students participating in this comprehensive program achieved stability, safety, an increased standard of living, and connection. Results suggest that universities have the resources and networks to provide wrap-around services to students facing homelessness, increasing overall life satisfaction and resilience, and improving the likelihood of graduation.
Quantitative Shaking Evaluation of Bracing-Strengthened and Base-Isolated Buildings Using Seismic Intensity Level
Authors: Henda Febrian Egatama  , Nanang Gunawan Wariyatno  , Han Ay Lie  , Muhammad Zulfikar Adhi Muliawan  , Buntara Sthenly Gan
Published: July 2024

In current design practice, the seismic strength design of buildings is commonly based on the strength concept, lacking a quantitative evaluation tool that can show the performance of the buildings during earthquakes. This paper demonstrates the application of seismic intensity level (SIL) as a quantitative evaluation tool for aseismic building performance. A simulation test is conducted on three categories of building-frame: non-strengthened (NA), bracing-strengthened (BS), and base-isolated (BI), subjected to a north-south (N-S) 1940 El Centro seismic wave. The criteria evaluated include maximum acceleration, energy dissipation, and the measured seismic intensity level (m-SIL). The effect of strengthening methods is compared based on those criteria. The results show that despite the apparent reduction in structural response metrics, the SIL value diminishes more substantially for base isolators (4.5 level decrease) than bracing (0.4 level decrease). This confirms that SIL provides higher consistency results and is straightforward to comprehend.
Sobre o canto cisterciense das monjas do antigo mosteiro de s. Bernardo em Portalegre: uma análise musical
Authors: Maia Porto Susana Maria
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo resulta da análise e caracterização da vida musical das monjas da Ordem de Cister do antigo Mosteiro de S. Bernardo em Portalegre, através de um documento impresso nos séculos XVII e XVII, sensivelmente, conclusão que se deve aos caracteres apresentados. A investigação fundamenta-se na analogia entre os cânticos da única fonte musical pertença ao mosteiro e os princípios do cantochão, de forma comparativa e contextualizada. A autora apresenta um primeiro estudo efectuado sobre o documento em análise e propõe novos caminhos a futuros investigadores.
A importância da procura turística e o seu impacto no desenvolvimento do município de Gouveia
Authors: Brito Aida , Martins Elsa
Published: July 2024

O principal objectivo deste trabalho consiste na análise da importância da procura turística no Município de Gouveia, assim como na determinação do impacto no desenvolvimento do mesmo. Após a revisão bibliográfica procedeu-se à inventariação da oferta existente dos recursos do Município, os quais são relevantes e de extrema importância na definição das estratégias de desenvolvimento do Município. Consequentemente foi realizada uma investigação empírica a qual: contemplou um questionário aplicado aos turistas, bem como uma entrevista à responsável da área do turismo da Câmara Municipal de Gouveia. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a procura turística é, na maioria, composta por turistas nacionais, .com idades compreendidas entre os 31 e 45 anos, pertencentes, ao sexo masculino, os quais possuem, Como qualificações literárias, o nível secundário ou superior, e sendo a sua actividade principal a liberal. Quando questionados sobre a sua satisfação em relação à visita ao Município de Gouveia, a sua resposta é satisfatória, demonstrando, na sua maioria, intenção de regressar no futuro, facto que poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável do Município.
Argentina no caminho do populismo: conflitos sociais e políticas económicas durante o peronismo
Authors: Alexandre José Carlos
Published: July 2024

Até a Grande Depressão dos anos 1930, a Argentina conseguiu combinar uma econômia dinâmica. com uma relativa estabilidade democrática liberal. Depois da Grande Depressão e da Il Guerra Mundial, a evolução económica e política sofreu um grande revés. O populismo chegou ao poder na Argentina em 1913, mas alcançou o seu apogeu com o peronismo (1946-1955). O peronismo foi, essencialmente, a tentativa falhada de incorporar as massas populares num Estado corporativo. Todavia, o peronismo sobreviveu à queda do seu govemo e manteve-se muito activo na vida política argentina. Quais são as origens do peronismo? Como é que Juan Perón tentou articular as ambições dos diferentes grupos sociais? Quais eram os objectivos e as limitações do modelo económico do peronismo? Qual foi o legado do peronismo na sociedade argentina? Para responder a estas questões, vamos concentrar-nos, em especial, nas relações de poder e conflito dentro da sociedade argentina e entre a sociedade e o Estado. Com este objectivo presente, analisaremos as interacções destas relações internas com as políticas económicas seguidas pelo regime peronista.
Como o conflito e ambiguidade de tarefa influenciam o burnout e o desempenho individual: um estudo no sector hospitalar
Authors: Leal Susana , Faria Jorge , Jacinto Tânia
Published: July 2024

Tendo por base os dados obtidos junto de colaboradores de um hospital português, este estudo investiga os efeitos do conflito de tarefa, ambiguidade na tarefa e burnout no desempenho individual. Replicamos o trabalho desenvolvido por Karatepe e Uludag (2008) em Chipre do Norte. Os dados foram obtidos através de um inquérito por questionário. Os resultados obtidos são similares, não obstante as diferenças entre culturas e tipo de serviço. A ambiguidade: de tarefa diminui o desempenho, enquanto o conflito de tarefa não o influencia. Tal como no estudo de Karatepe e Uludag (2008), os resultados sugerem: (i) que a reduzida realização pessoal exerce uma influência negativa no desempenho individual, o mesmo não acontecendo com as restantes dimensões de burnout, (ii) tanto o conflito de tarefa, quanto a ambiguidade aumentam o cansaço emocional e a despersonalização; (iii): a ambiguidade na tarefa apresenta uma relação positiva e significativa com a reduzida realização pessoal, mas o conflito de tarefa não.
Alterações climáticas: passado, presente e futuro
Authors: Cardoso Pedro Miguel
Published: July 2024

As alterações climáticas são consideradas um importante desafio da actualidade, sintoma de uma crise ambiental mais vasta. Ao longo da sua história o planeta Terra foi palco de inúmeras mudanças climáticas globais. No entanto, pela primeira vez, elas são induzidas pela humanidade. A principal causa destas alterações reside nas emissões de gases com efeito de estufa resultantes das actividades humanas, sobretudo do uso de combustíveis fósseis como fontes energéticas. Tendências como o aumento da temperatura média global, a subida do nível médio do mar, o aumento da frequência de fenómenos meteorológicos extremos demonstram que as alterações climáticas são já uma realidade. Os especialistas têm previsto um conjunto de consequências biofísicas e socio-económicas para o futuro que apontam para a necessidade urgente de uma acção global no presente.
X3D e java num jogo de fantasia medieval
Authors: Martins Nuno Miguel Pereira , Miranda José Carlos
Published: July 2024

A apresentação de conteúdos na Internet em formato 3D é sem dúvida muito interessante e possui muitas potencialidades, especialmente se nestes mundos houver uma grande dose de interactividade. O X3D é um novo formato que pretende ser o standard para a divulgação de conteúdos 3D na Internet, substituindo, assim, o VAML. Para além da utilização do XGD convencional, existe a possibilidade de integração com a linguagem de programação externa Java. No âmbito deste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um protótipo de um jogo estilo Role Playing Game de fantasia, demonstrando, assim, as funcionalidades da integração do formato X3D e a linguagem de programação Java. A integração destas duas tecnologias foi conseguida através da interface de programação SAI (Scene Acess Interface) e revelou ter um futuro promissor, uma vez que permite aumentar fortemente o poder de interactividade exigido neste tipo de aplicações.