bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Simultaneous Equations for Individual-Tree Diameter Growth and Mortality Model of Natural Mongolian Oak Forests in Northeast China
Authors: Ma Wu , Lei Xiangdong
Published: June 2015

A nonlinear equation system for individual tree diameter growth and mortality of natural Mongolian oak forests was developed based on 13,360 observations from 195 permanent sample plots in Northeast China. Weighted regression was used in a distance-independent diameter growth equation for dealing with heterocedasticity. Since diameter growth and mortality models have common predictors including the diameter at breast height (DBH), stand basal area (BA), basal-area-in-larger trees (BAL), and site index (SI), parameters were estimated using nonlinear three-stage least squares (N3SLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) which accounts for correlations of errors across models. The system equation provided better projection than individual fitting of the equation based on maximum likelihood estimation. Compared with the separate tree growth model, the simultaneous equations using N3SLS and SUR produced more efficient parameter estimation and smaller bias. Furthermore, N3SLS had more accurate projection. Overall, the simultaneous model will facilitate the growth and yield projection for better management of Mongolian oak forests in the region.
Trypanocidal Activity of Long Chain Diamines and Aminoalcohols
Authors: Legarda-Ceballos Ana , Del Olmo Esther , López-Abán Julio , Escarcena Ricardo , Bustos Luis , Fonseca-Berzal Cristina , Gómez-Barrio Alicia , Dib Juan , Feliciano Arturo , Muro Antonio
Published: June 2015

Thirteen aminoalcohols and eight diamines were obtained and tested against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes strains MG, JEM and CL-B5 clone. Some of them were equal or more potent (1.0–6.6 times) than the reference compound nifurtimox. From them, three aminoalcohols and two diamines were selected for amastigotes assays. Compound 5 was as potent as the reference drug nifurtimox against amastigotes of the CL-B5 strain (IC50 = 0.6 µM), with a selectivity index of 54.
Surfing the Protein-Protein Interaction Surface Using Docking Methods: Application to the Design of PPI Inhibitors
Authors: Sable Rushikesh , Jois Seetharama
Published: June 2015

Blocking protein-protein interactions (PPI) using small molecules or peptides modulates biochemical pathways and has therapeutic significance. PPI inhibition for designing drug-like molecules is a new area that has been explored extensively during the last decade. Considering the number of available PPI inhibitor databases and the limited number of 3D structures available for proteins, docking and scoring methods play a major role in designing PPI inhibitors as well as stabilizers. Docking methods are used in the design of PPI inhibitors at several stages of finding a lead compound, including modeling the protein complex, screening for hot spots on the protein-protein interaction interface and screening small molecules or peptides that bind to the PPI interface. There are three major challenges to the use of docking on the relatively flat surfaces of PPI. In this review we will provide some examples of the use of docking in PPI inhibitor design as well as its limitations. The combination of experimental and docking methods with improved scoring function has thus far resulted in few success stories of PPI inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. Docking algorithms used for PPI are in the early stages, however, and as more data are available docking will become a highly promising area in the design of PPI inhibitors or stabilizers.
Microwave-Assisted Condensation Reactions of Acetophenone Derivatives and Activated Methylene Compounds with Aldehydes Catalyzed by Boric Acid under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Brun Elodie , Safer Abdelmounaim , Carreaux François , Bourahla Khadidja , L'helgoua'ch Jean-Martial , Bazureau Jean-Pierre , Villalgordo Jose
Published: June 2015

We here disclosed a new protocol for the condensation of acetophenone derivatives and active methylene compounds with aldehydes in the presence of boric acid under microwave conditions. Implementation of the reaction is simple, healthy and environmentally friendly owing to the use of a non-toxic catalyst coupled to a solvent-free procedure. A large variety of known or novel compounds have thus been prepared, including with substrates bearing acid or base-sensitive functional groups.
A Novel Approach to Improving Fat Delivery in Neonatal Enteral Feeding
Authors: Jarjour Jane , Juarez Alexa , Kocak Denizen , Liu Nathan , Tabata Mika , Hawthorne Keli , Ramos Renata , Abrams Steven
Published: June 2015

Continuous infusion systems used for enteral nutrition support in the neonatal intensive care unit deliver as little as 60% of the fat in human milk to the neonate. This study determined the effect of mixing common feedings for preterm infants in the feeding bag and tubing on fat losses during enteral feeding. Laboratory models were developed to assess the contribution of various mixing techniques to delivered fat content. Fat content was measured periodically during feeding and compared to baseline measurements. A multistage approach incorporating a feeding bag inverter and a tubing circulation loop delivered >90% of milk fat when used in conjunction with a commercial continuous infusion system. With unfortified human milk, this approach delivered 91.9% ± 1.5% of fat content over a one hour feed, significantly greater (p < 0.01) than 77.5% ± 2.2% delivered by continuous infusion controls (Mean ± SEM). With fortified human milk, this approach delivered 92.1% ± 2.4% of fat content, significantly greater (p < 0.01) than 79.4% ± 1.0% delivered by a non-adapted infusion system (Mean ± SEM). Mixing human milk during continuous infusion improves fat delivery, which may improve nutrition and growth outcomes in low birth weight neonates.
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in HIV Infection: Analysis of Impaired Mucosal Immune Response to Candida albicans in Mice Expressing the HIV-1 Transgene
Authors: De Repentigny Louis , Goupil Mathieu , Jolicoeur Paul
Published: June 2015

IL-17-producing Th17 cells are of critical importance in host defense against oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Speculation about defective Th17 responses to oral C. albicans infection in the context of HIV infection prompted an investigation of innate and adaptive immune responses to Candida albicans in transgenic mice expressing the genome of HIV-1 in immune cells and displaying an AIDS-like disease. Defective IL-17 and IL-22-dependent mucosal responses to C. albicans were found to determine susceptibility to OPC in these transgenic mice. Innate phagocytes were quantitatively and functionally intact, and individually dispensable for control of OPC and to prevent systemic dissemination of Candida to deep organs. CD8+ T-cells recruited to the oral mucosa of the transgenic mice limited the proliferation of C. albicans in these conditions of CD4+ T-cell deficiency. Therefore, the immunopathogenesis of OPC in the context of HIV infection involves defective T-cell-mediated immunity, failure of crosstalk with innate mucosal immune effector mechanisms, and compensatory cell responses, which limit Candida infection to the oral mucosa and prevent systemic dissemination.
Medication Reconciliation at Discharge from Hospital: A Systematic Review of the Quantitative Literature
Authors: Michaelsen Maja , McCague Paul , Bradley Colin , Sahm Laura
Published: June 2015

Medicines reconciliation is a way to identify and act on discrepancies in patients’ medical histories and it is found to play a key role in patient safety. This review focuses on discrepancies and medical errors that occurred at point of discharge from hospital. Studies were identified through the following electronic databases: PubMed, Sciences Direct, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Reviews and CINAHL. Each of the six databases was screened from inception to end of January 2014. To determine eligibility of the studies; the title, abstract and full manuscript were screened to find 15 articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The median number of discrepancies across the articles was found to be 60%. In average patient had between 1.2–5.3 discrepancies when leaving the hospital. More studies also found a relation between the numbers of drugs a patient was on and the number of discrepancies. The variation in the number of discrepancies found in the 15 studies could be due to the fact that some studies excluded patient taking more than 5 drugs at admission. Medication reconciliation would be a way to avoid the high number of discrepancies that was found in this literature review and thereby increase patient safety.
Applying the Behavioural Family Therapy Model in Complex Family Situations
Authors: Jhadray Rubina , Fadden Gráinne , Atchison Martin , Conneely Paula , Danks Julia , Lee Alison , Mansell Chris
Published: June 2015

Behavioural Family Therapy (BFT) is a skills based intervention that aims to support families where a member is experiencing a mental health problem. The Meriden Family Programme has extensive experience in supporting families who have complex needs. The programme delivers training in the approach and works with families with the aim of providing information, education and reducing stress within the family environment. Training has recently taken place within various mental health services to equip staff with the skills to work collaboratively with families and to understand and support their needs.
Reduced Toxicity of Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type 2c in Mice Compared to Stx2d Is Associated with Instability of Stx2c Holotoxin
Authors: Bunger Joshua , Melton-Celsa Angela , Maynard Ernest , O'Brien Alison
Published: June 2015

Shiga toxin (Stx) is an AB5 ribotoxin made by Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). These organisms cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. STEC make two types of Stxs, Stx1 and/or Stx2. Stx2 has one prototype (a) and six subtypes (b–g), but only STEC that make Stx2a, and/or Stx2c, or Stx2d are associated with severe disease. However, Stx2c is about 10-fold less toxic than Stx2d in vivo despite only two amino acid differences in the A subunit at positions 291 and 297. We made mutations at these two sites to create intermediate toxins between Stx2c and Stx2d, and determined the 50% cytotoxic dose on Vero cells before and after heat treatment, and the 50% lethal dose in mice of the toxins. We found that serine 291 was associated with increased toxicity in vivo and that either amino acid change from that in Stx2c to that in Stx2d increased heat stability. We also assessed the secondary structure of Stx2c and Stx2d by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The CD studies suggest that Stx2c has a less-ordered secondary structure than Stx2d. We conclude that both amino acids at positions 291 and 297 in Stx2c contribute to its decreased stability and in vivo toxicity compared to Stx2d.
Honey Bee Infecting Lake Sinai Viruses
Authors: Daughenbaugh Katie , Martin Madison , Brutscher Laura , Cavigli Ian , Garcia Emma , Lavin Matt , Flenniken Michelle
Published: June 2015

Honey bees are critical pollinators of important agricultural crops. Recently, high annual losses of honey bee colonies have prompted further investigation of honey bee infecting viruses. To better characterize the recently discovered and very prevalent Lake Sinai virus (LSV) group, we sequenced currently circulating LSVs, performed phylogenetic analysis, and obtained images of LSV2. Sequence analysis resulted in extension of the LSV1 and LSV2 genomes, the first detection of LSV4 in the US, and the discovery of LSV6 and LSV7. We detected LSV1 and LSV2 in the Varroa destructor mite, and determined that a large proportion of LSV2 is found in the honey bee gut, suggesting that vector-mediated, food-associated, and/or fecal-oral routes may be important for LSV dissemination. Pathogen-specific quantitative PCR data, obtained from samples collected during a small-scale monitoring project, revealed that LSV2, LSV1, Black queen cell virus (BQCV), and Nosema ceranae were more abundant in weak colonies than strong colonies within this sample cohort. Together, these results enhance our current understanding of LSVs and illustrate the importance of future studies aimed at investigating the role of LSVs and other pathogens on honey bee health at both the individual and colony levels.
Géomorphologie volcanique et atténuation des désastres naturels. Les volcans de l'Indonésie, quelques exemples (Volcanic geomorphology and natural disaster reduction - the volcanoes of Indonesia, some examples)
Authors: Verstappen Herman Th.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Indonesian volcanism is related to the subduction zones of the Indo- Australian and the Pacific-Philippine plates at the contact with the Asian plate. Rows of volcanoes perpendicular to the plate movement point to steepening of the subduction zone with time. Stratovolcanoes and also ignimbrite plateaus associated with so-called «volcano-tectonic» depressions or deep-seated faults are major features. «Fluvio-volcanic» flows are common due to the humid tropical climate. Large volcanic landslides and debris flows causing rupture of crater or caldera rims and the collapse of slopes also are important volcanic geomorphological features. The role of geomorphological survey and the use of aerospace technology in volcanic hazard zonation is emphasized.
Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Kalska-Szostko Beata , Wykowska Urszula , Satula Dariusz , Nordblad Per
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the results of a thermal treatment process for magnetite nanoparticles in the temperature range of 50–500 °C. The tested magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using three different methods that resulted in nanoparticles with different surface characteristics and crystallinity, which in turn, was reflected in their thermal durability. The particles were obtained by coprecipitation from Fe chlorides and decomposition of an Fe(acac)3complex with and without a core–shell structure. Three types of ferrite nanoparticles were produced and their thermal stability properties were compared. In this study, two sets of unmodified magnetite nanoparticles were used where crystallinity was as determinant of the series. For the third type of particles, a Ag shell was added. By comparing the coated and uncoated particles, the influence of the metallic layer on the thermal stability of the nanoparticles was tested. Before and after heat treatment, the nanoparticles were examined using transmission electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that the fabrication methods determine, to some extent, the sensitivity of the nanoparticles to external factors.
IDKM diegimas Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose: atvejo analizė
Authors: Bijeikienė Vilma , Pundziuvienė Daiva
Published: June 2015

Remiantis jau atliktais integruoto dalyko ir kalbos mokymo (IDKM) įgyvendinimo Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose tyrimais, galima teigti, kad šio pasaulyje jau seniai taikomo ir gana populiaraus mokymo diegimas Lietuvoje taip pat nėra pradiniame etape, nors dar egzistuoja daug veiksnių, stabdančių jo įgyvendinimą Lietuvoje lyginant su kitomis Europos šalimis. Pristatant IDKM taikymo Lietuvoje patirtį, analizuojamas Šiaulių Didždvario gimnazijos IDKM taikymo modelis bei patirtis, kuri galėtų būti vertinga Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokykloms, planuojančioms įdiegti IDKM. Atliekant tyrimą apie IDKM naudą, efektyvumą bei priežastis, stabdančias šio mokymo būdo įgyvendinimą, buvo taikoma kiekybinio ir kokybinio metodų sintezė bei interviu su IDKM mokytojais, mokyklos administracija ir mokiniais. Apibendrinusios IDKM taikymo Šiaulių Didždvario gimnazijoje patirtį, tyrimo autorės pateikia IDKM modelio diegimo Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose SSGG analizę ir rekomendacijas toliau diegiant IDKM.
Studentų studijų kokybės vertinimas ir jų lūkesčiai (LEU atvejis)
Authors: Pruskus Valdas , Palevičiūtė Olga , Kocai Elena
Published: June 2015

Spartėjant integracijos procesams Europos Sąjungoje, kyla būtinumas objektyviai įvertinti atskirų šalių – pirmiausia jos dalyvių – švietimo sistemų pasiekimus, jų veikimo ypatumus, kad būtų galima laiku pastebėti tiek negatyvius, tiek pozityvius švietimo sistemos pokyčius, atskleisti galimus ilgalaikius jų rezultatų padarinius ekonominei, socialinei bei kultūrinei pažangai. Ne mažiau svarbu išsiaiškinti, kokius prioritetus akcentuoja studentai, kas jiems yra studijų kokybė, ko jie tikisi iš universitetinių studijų, nes būtent studentai yra svarbiausia studijų proceso dalis ir būtent jie pirmieji pajunta aukštojo mokslo reformos pasekmes. Straipsnyje, remiantis atlikto tyrimo LEU duomenimis, kaip tik ir bandoma išsiaiškinti studentijos požiūrį į įvairius studijų kokybės aspektus.
Adversus academicos: las ciencias sociales y el nacimiento del neonietzscheanismo español (1968-1974)
Authors: Vázquez García Francisco
Published: June 2015

En este artículo se trataría de explorar la formación, durante el tardofranquismo, de una vanguardia filosófica caracterizada por la ruptura explícita con el ethos universitario. A partir de un análisis prácticamente exhaustivo de la producción filosófica de Eugenio Trías y de Fernando Savater en el periodo señalado se trata de mostrar la ruptura -total en el caso de Savater y parcial en el caso de Eugenio Trías- operada por estos autores con la filosofía académica, incluidas las alternativas “modernistas” de ésta (filosofía analítica, crítica de las ideologías de inspiración marxista). En el caso de Fernando Savater esto se produce a través de una lectura de Nietzsche filtrada por la importación de contenidos teóricos procedentes de la “sociología sagrada” (Bataille, Klossowski y el Colllège de Sociologie), de la literatura de Cioran y en menor medida de la Teoría Crítica frankfurtiana. En el caso de Trías, la estrategia consiste básicamente en la reconversión vanguardista del ejercicio docto del comentario de textos canónicos mediante la importación de técnicas y principios inspirados en el estructuralismo. El proceso tendría lugar en un contexto marcado por tranformaciones importantes en el campo político, religioso y editorial. La metodología del trabajo se apoyará en la sociología de los campos de producción intelectual inspirada por Bourdieu (Fabiani, Pinto, Boschetti), en la sociología de las redes filosóficas y rituales de interacción propiciada por Randall Collins y en el análisis microhistórico de las “constelaciones filosóficas” sugerido por los discípulos de Dieter Henrich.
La parábola del rey filósofo y el pragmatista. Dos relatos sobre el fin de la filosofía, la democracia y la universidad
Authors: Brioso Jorge , Díaz Álvarez Jesús M.
Published: June 2015

La democracia, entendida como el horizonte moral de la sociedad occidental, ¿necesita la terminación de la filosofía como saber fundante último? ¿Conllevan todos los relatos del fin de la filosofía una derrota de la verdad en favor de la opinión, una transformación y subordinación del propio discurso filosófico a la forma de convivencia que se considera más justa, más abierta, más inclusiva? Dicho de otra manera, ¿la pregunta sobre qué tipo de vocabulario y de acercamiento filosófico puede servir mejor a la libertad humana tiene que ser la pregunta filosófica fundamental? ¿Habría que hacerle entonces a la filosofía las mismas terroríficas preguntas que Lenin le hizo a la libertad: filosofía sí, pero, ¿para quién, para hacer qué? A lo largo de este ensayo, se abordan estas cuestiones de la mano de dos relatos que teorizan el final de la filosofía con más de cuatrocientos años de diferencia. el primer relato es obra de Thomas Hobbes. el segundo, lo protagonizan Gianni Vattimo y Richard Rorty. el juego de espejos que se estable en el texto entre ambas narrativas quiere ser una reflexión sobre la identidad del discurso filosófico y su implementación en la institución universitaria en el marco de las democracias del siglo XXI.
Carl Schmitt y el pensamiento del orden concreto: una crítica de la interpretación decisionista de la teología política schmittiana
Authors: Navarrete Roberto
Published: June 2015

El presente artículo ofrece una crítica de la interpretación decisionista de la doctrina de la soberanía postulada por C. Schmitt en Teología política. Partiendo de la teoría de la secularización del jurista alemán, se mostrará que la capacidad de decisión sobre el estado de excepción definitoria del soberano schmittiano no es absoluta sino que permanece determinada por un orden concreto inmanente cuya representación es tarea del Estado. Así, se pondrá en cuestión la raigambre hobbesiana de la teología política schmittiana, deudora en mayor medida de la teoría hegeliana del Estado, y se presentará la razón jurídico- política de la desavenencia de Schmitt con el nacionalsocialismo.
Corrosión atmosférica marina de aceros al carbono
Authors: Morcillo Manuel , Alcántara Jenifer , Díaz Iván , Chico Belén , Simancas Joaquín , De la Fuente Daniel
Published: June 2015

La investigación fundamental en corrosión atmosférica marina de aceros al carbono es un campo científico relativamente joven que presenta grandes lagunas de conocimiento. La formación de akaganeíta en los productos de corrosión que se forman sobre el acero cuando se expone a atmósferas marinas conduce a un incremento notable de la velocidad de corrosión. En el trabajo se abordan las siguientes cuestiones: (a) condiciones ambientales necesarias para la formación de akaganeíta, (b) caracterización de la akaganeíta en los productos de corrosión formados, (c) mecanismos de corrosión del acero al carbono en atmósferas marinas, (d) exfoliación de las capas de herrumbre formadas en atmósferas marinas muy agresivas, (e) predicción de la velocidad de corrosión a largo plazo, y (f) comportamiento de aceros patinables. La investigación se ha llevado a cabo en campo, en el Parque Eólico de Cabo Vilano (Camariñas, Galicia) en un amplio rango de salinidades atmosféricas, y a nivel de laboratorio acudiendo a técnicas convencionales de corrosión atmosférica y diversas técnicas analíticas de caracterización de superficies: microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB)/ espectrometría de dispersión de energía (EDE), difracción de rayos-X (DRX), espectroscopía Mössbauer y MEB/espectroscopía μRaman
Derivation and Simulation of an Efficient QoS Scheme in MANET through Optimised Messaging Based on ABCO Using QualNet
Authors: Das Abhijit , Chaudhuri Atal
Published: June 2015

Mobile Ad hoc Network or MANET is a collection of heterogeneous mobile nodes and is infrastructure-less by choice or by default. MANET is prone to confront a lot of challenges in designing a proper Quality of Service (QoS) model where transmission reliability has an important contrtibution. This chapter proposes an optimised message transmission scheme inspired by Artificial Bee Colony Optimisation (ABCO) technique. In this proposed scheme, QoS parameters that have been taken into consideration are throughput, delay, packet loss, and bandwidth utilisation. Here, three agents, namely message selection agent, message forwarding agent, and QoS factor calculating agent, have been introduced to govern and optimise the whole message transmission scheme. Through this method, a significant improvement in QoS factor can be achieved in comparison with the existing schemes. QualNet simulator has been used to evaluate the proposed concept.
Survey in Smartphone Malware Analysis Techniques
Authors: Alazab Moutaz , Batten Lynn M.
Published: June 2015

Smartphone Malware continues to be a serious threat in today's world. Recent research studies investigate the impacts of new malware variant. Historically traditional anti-malware analyses rely on the signatures of predefined malware samples. However, this technique is not resistant against the obfuscation techniques (e.g. polymorphic and metamorphic). While the permission system proposed by Google, requires smartphone users to pay attention to the permission description during the installation time. Nevertheless, normal users cannot comprehend the semantics of Android permissions. This chapter surveys various approaches used in Smartphone malware detection and Investigates weaknesses of existing countermeasures such as signature-based and anomaly-based detection.
Learning Management Systems
Authors: Burton Sharon L. , McClintock Rondalynne , Burrell Darrell N. , Brown-Jackson Kim L. , Bessette Dustin , Lu Shanel
Published: June 2015

Learning management systems (LMSs) are significant in offering highly collaborative, widely accessible, and manageable learning solutions. It is feasible that learning solutions stakeholders pursue an in-depth understanding of the LMS and the vulnerabilities surrounding technology-enabled learning and teaching. The over 300 types of active LMSs, proprietary or open source, are not off limits to hackers. Past research shows that hackers compromise technology systems to ascertain personal identifiable information and interfere with the integrities of post-secondary institutions. Stakeholders must understand how to safeguard the LMS. To address LMS cybercrime concerns, this text reviews vulnerability information on over 12 LMS features. After reading this text, stakeholders will gain increased insight into their works to thwart security related LMS incidents. This text can support stakeholders' knowledge in actions to take prior to the LMS reaching unacceptable vulnerability levels. Researchers and practitioners will benefit from this text's perspective on the LMS and mitigating risk.
Towards Privacy Awareness in Future Internet Technologies
Authors: Rafiee Hosnieh , Meinel Christoph
Published: June 2015

With the increased use of the Internet to share confidential information with other users around the world, the demands to protect this information are also increasing. This is why, today, privacy has found its important place in users' lives. However, Internet users have different interpretations of the meaning of privacy. This fact makes it difficult to find the best way to address the privacy issue. In addition, most of the current standard protocols in use over the Internet do not support the level of privacy that most users expect. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the best balance between users' expectation and the practical level of privacy to address user privacy needs and evaluate the most important protocols from privacy aspects.
Challenges of 5G Networking in Access and Core Networks
Authors: Friderikos Vasilis , Chochlidakis Giorgos , Aghvami Hamid , Dohler Mischa
Published: June 2015

The 5th Generation wireless and mobile communication is expected to provide ultrahigh data rates over wireless in the range of Gbps. But 5G will also be about providing consistency and supporting Quality of Experience in a personalized manner. We foresee an evolution in terms of physical layer enhancements to provide increased data rates, whereas a revolutionary step is required in terms of network orchestration and management to provide consistency and efficient utilization of the available resources at a minimum cost. In this chapter, key trends in wireless access technologies and thus-required network management strategies with respect to the core network are discussed. In the roadmap towards 5G networks, we envision an evolution of technologies for supporting Gbps wireless transmission, whereas a revolution would be required from the current modus operandi in the ways network orchestration and resource management is performed in these complex, hierarchical, heterogeneous and highly autonomous wireless networks.
Multipath TCP (MPTCP)
Authors: Binet David , Boucadair Mohamed , Jacquenet Christian , Collange Denis , Guillouard Karine , L'Azou Yves , Muscariello Luca , Reynaud Laurent , Seite Pierrick , Gouraud Vincent
Published: June 2015

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core components of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It has been extensively used for the past three decades (and counting) as the privileged connection-oriented transport mode for many Internet applications, including access to web contents. Nevertheless, experience with TCP can sometimes be rather poor for various reasons which include (but are not limited to) sub-optimized forwarding path capabilities. Because a TCP session can only be established over a single path (by definition), this restriction is not only unable to take into account the dramatic evolution of terminal technologies towards multi-interfaced devices, but also the ability to benefit from several yet potential forwarding paths for the sake of improved Quality of Experience (QoE).
Recent Advances and Perspectives on Content Delivery Networks
Authors: Amann Nathalie , Bastide Valéry , Chen Yiping , Dzida Mateusz , Fieau Frédéric , Fleming Patrick , Gouta Ali , L'Azou Yves , Le Louédec Yannick , Maréchal Nicolas , Omnès Nathalie , Oprescu Iuniana , Thiebaut Vincent
Published: June 2015

This chapter provides an overview on the recent advances and perspectives on Content Delivery Networks. The first section, the introduction, sets the context. The second section identifies the different types of current CDNs and also insights on their evolution. The third section deals with CDN interconnection, reporting work status such as IETF and ETSI. The fourth section, on CDN and virtualization, describes the related initiatives in this area, in standardization bodies as well as in experimental deployments and evaluations. The fifth section focuses on the convergence of CDNs and clouds, presenting new business opportunities for the market players, as well as technical challenges. The sixth section addresses another trend, which is the extension of CDNs to home networking and terminal devices. The last section discusses content delivery for mobile, introducing solutions that operators can to optimize their networks and avoid being overwhelmed by ever growing traffic.
Implementing iPad and Mobile Technologies for Students with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Rodríguez Cathi Draper , Strnadová Iva , Cumming Therese M.
Published: June 2015

This book chapter describes implementation implications of using the iPad and other mobile technologies with students (birth to adult) with intellectual disabilities. iPad and other mobile technologies offer many built-in features which facilitate their use for students with disabilities, particularly students with Intellectual Disabilities (ID). This chapter details ways that mobile technology can be used to make school and other environments (e.g., home, social) more accessible to students with ID. The theoretical framework underpinning this chapter is Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and it is applied to research-based practices for students with ID. This forms a solid base from which to examine: (a) available mobile applications (apps), (b) how apps can be used to support students with ID in accessing the curriculum, and (c) how teachers can use a framework to review and choose apps for their students.
The Use of Mobile Technologies for Students At-Risk or Identified with Behavioral Disorders within School-Based Contexts
Authors: Sansosti Frank J. , Bedesem Peña L.
Published: June 2015

Students at-risk or identified with behavioral disorders often present complex challenges to educators. The purpose of this chapter is to: (a) highlight the benefits and challenges of using mobile technologies within school-based contexts; (b) provide a brief overview of the contemporary research regarding the use of mobile devices for improving the outcomes of students with behavioral disorders within schools; and (c) offer essential techniques, methods, and ideas for improving instruction and management for students with behavioral difficulties via mobile technologies. Taken together, the intent is to call attention to the evidence that supports the use of mobile technologies for students who are at-risk or identified with behavioral disorders in schools, raise awareness of those strategies that appear to be the most effective for such students and assist service providers in providing accountable education.
Video Modeling for Learners with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Whitby Peggy J. S. , Ogilvie Christine R. , Garland Krista Vince
Published: June 2015

Video modeling is an evidence-based practice for learners with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the use of video modeling interventions for learners with other developmental disabilities has received less applied attention in home, community, and classroom settings. This is unfortunate since the research literature supports the use of video modeling interventions for all learners with developmental disabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the research literature and make suggestions for implementing video modeling with learners who have developmental disabilities other than autism.
The Study of Young People's Civic Participation on the Internet
Authors: Hirzalla Fadi , Banaji Shakuntala
Published: June 2015

This chapter reviews the body of academic literature about young people's online civic participation. It will first sketch how this literature has developed historically in the context of old and changing scholarly discussions about what civic participation and democratic citizenship more generally do or should envelop. The second section outlines how extant empirical studies on young people's civic participation online may be subdivided into four strands of research, each focusing on different questions and relying on different methods. The closing section provides a number of directions for further research, mostly calling for innovative and more pressing context-specific and people-centered research approaches.
Further Down the Virtual Vines
Authors: LeGreco Marianne , Ferrier Michelle , Leonard Dawn
Published: June 2015

This chapter focuses on the somewhat unexpected relationship between participatory research methods, virtual work, and community-based practices. More specifically, our contribution outlines different conceptual foundations and methodological approaches related to participatory and community-based research. Embedded within this review, we address two key connections between participatory methods and virtual work. First, participatory and community-based methodologies provide a useful set of concepts and practices that can be applied in virtual contexts. Second, virtual work can facilitate participatory initiatives and achieve community-based goals. The chapter also offers two updated case studies from the previous version of this chapter. These short case studies illustrate how community-based groups often rely on virtual work to move their local initiatives forward.
Voicing the Subaltern in the Public Sphere
Authors: Markovich Dalya Yafa
Published: June 2015

The voice of the subaltern is barely ever heard in the traditional historical-ethnological museum. Aiming to break the constraints and limitations of the traditional museum sphere, Alemu Eshetie, an Israeli based artist of Ethiopian origin, has created a museum dedicated to the Ethiopian Jewish community that functions as a traveling “public sphere”. Through these strategies the Museum wishes to establish a “dialogical methodology” that will voice the ‘Ethiopian' subaltern and thus foster his empowerment. By using ethnographic fieldwork that followed the activities held by the Museum in the 4th grade at a multiethnic and disadvantaged school in Israel, this chapter examined the ways in which students of Ethiopian origin chose to voice themselves in the public sphere created by the Museum, and the social and educational meanings attached to their voice. Hence findings suggest that the social construction of the subalterns' personal voice within the public sphere can expose racial and social inferior position and thus work against the aims it means to achieve.
Root Causes of New Hotel Opening Delays in China
Authors: Noordzy Gert , Whitfield Richard
Published: June 2015

In China, at least three new 150+ room hotels will be opened every day for the next 25 years according to available development pipeline data (Yang, 2011; Lodging Econometrics, 2013). This phenomenal rate of hotel construction has major implications for how new hotels are opened on such a large scale. China is a vital growth market for the global hotel industry, yet many of these hotel openings are being considerably delayed. This chapter reviews the future growth strategies and plans of the major international hotel companies in China, and examines the causes for these setbacks. The authors used a Causal Chain Analysis on data that were acquired from over 80 interviews with hotel management professionals in 2009. There was an overwhelming general lack of understanding of project management methodologies, concepts, and structures. These were found to be key problem areas (Thomas, Delisle, & Jugdev, 2001).
Optimized Feature Subset Selection and Relevance Feedback for Image Retrieval Based on Multiresolution Enhanced Orthogonal Polynomials Model
Authors: Devi S. Sathiya
Published: June 2015

In this paper, a simple image retrieval method incorporating relevance feedback based on the multiresolution enhanced orthogonal polynomials model is proposed. In the proposed method, the low level image features such as texture, shape and color are extracted from the reordered orthogonal polynomials model coefficients and linearly combined to form a multifeature set. Then the dimensionality of the multifeature set is reduced by utilizing multi objective Genetic Algorithm (GA) and multiclass binary Support Vector Machine (SVM). The obtained optimized multifeature set is used for image retrieval. In order to improve the retrieval accuracy and to bridge the semantic gap, a correlation based k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) method for relevance feedback is also proposed. In this method, an appropriate relevance score is computed for each image in the database based on relevant and non relevant set chosen by the user with correlation based k-NN method. The experiments are carried out with Corel and Caltech database images and the retrieval rates are computed. The proposed method with correlation based k-NN for relevance feedback gives an average retrieval rate of 94.67%.
Enabling Context-Awareness for Dynamic Service Composition
Authors: Baidouri Hicham , Hafiddi Hatim , Nassar Mahmoud , Kriouile Abdelaziz
Published: June 2015

One of the main observed gains of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) is the ability to compose new services to achieve high level functionalities. Thus, it is necessary to organize services in a manner to achieve this goal automatically and easily. Furthermore, the emergence of wireless technologies and intelligent mobile devices has enabled the creation of a new kind of services called context-aware composite services. With such services, context plays a great role in their design and development process in order to produce the most appropriate response. In this paper, the authors aim to present their Context-Aware Composite Service (CACS) metamodel for design and development of these services, and, a dedicated tool called MA2C (A Mediator Architecture for Context-aware Composition) responsible of their dynamic generation and execution.
An Unified Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach for Manufacturing Strategy Decision
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Raman Jyoti , Singh Priya
Published: June 2015

Manufacturing strategy research aims at providing a structured decision making approach to improve the economics of manufacturing and to make companies more competitive. The overall objective of this paper is to investigate how manufacturing companies make use of different manufacturing practices or bundles of manufacturing practices to develop certain sets of capabilities, with the ultimate goal of supporting the market requirements. The authors propose a technique that can effectively take managerial preferences and subjective data into consideration, along with quantitative factors. The tool that is proposed here relies on the use of a more effective version of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) called the Analytical Network Process (ANP) to help integrate managerial evaluations into a more quantitatively based decision tool, data envelopment analysis (DEA). In this paper, these two techniques, when used together, can provide subjective and objective evaluations for manufacturing strategy decision makers. An illustrative example provides some insights into the application of this methodology. The research contributes to several insights to the research area of manufacturing strategy and to practitioners in manufacturing operations. A model that investigates process improvement investments, assuming that alternative process improvement initiatives exist, is then presented.
Targeting Antigen to Clec9A Primes Follicular Th Cell Memory Responses Capable of Robust Recall
Authors: Kato Yu , Zaid Ali , Davey Gayle M. , Mueller Scott N. , Nutt Stephen L. , Zotos Dimitra , Tarlinton David M. , Shortman Ken , Lahoud Mireille H. , Heath William R. , Caminschi Irina
Published: June 2015

Targeting Ags to dendritic cell (DC) surface receptors can induce a variety of responses depending on the DC type targeted, the receptor targeted, and the adjuvant used. Clec9A (DNGR-1), which is expressed by CD8+ DCs, has been shown to bind F-actin exposed on damaged cells. Targeting Ag to this receptor in mice and nonhuman primates induces strong humoral immunity even in the absence of adjuvant, a process seen for a few select DC receptors. In contrast with other receptors, however, targeting Clec9A induces long-lived, affinity-matured Ab responses that are associated with efficient CD4+ T cell responses shown to possess properties of follicular Th cells (TFH). In this article, we provide definitive evidence that Clec9A targeting promotes the development of TFH by showing that responding CD4 T cells express CXCR5, PD1, the TFH transcription factor Bcl6, and the cytokine IL-21, and that these cells localize to germinal centers. Furthermore, we extend studies from the model Ag OVA to the viral Ag glycoprotein D of HSV-1 and examine the capacity of primed TFH to form functional memory. We show that targeting glycoprotein D to Clec9A even in the absence of adjuvant induced long-lived memory CXCR5+ PD1hi CD4+ T cells that proliferated extensively upon secondary challenge and rapidly developed into effector TFH. This was associated with enhanced germinal center B cell responses and accelerated Ab production. Our study indicates that targeting Ags to Clec9A in the absence of adjuvant routinely generates TFH responses that form long-lived memory capable of robust secondary TFH responses.
Diagnostic stability of acute and transient psychotic disorders in developing country settings: an overview
Authors: Mehta Shubham
Published: June 2015

Acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD), introduced in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) diagnostic system in 1992, are not receiving much attention in developing countries. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to review the literature related to the diagnostic stability of ATPD in developing countries. A PubMed search was conducted to review the studies concerned with this issue in the context of developing countries, as diagnostic stability is more of a direct test of validity of psychiatric diagnoses. Four publications were found. According to the literature search, the stability percentage of the ICD-10 ATPD diagnosis is 63-100%. The diagnostic shift is more commonly either towards bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, if any. Shorter duration of illness (<1 month) and abrupt onset (<48 hours) predict a stable diagnosis of ATPD. Based on available evidence, the diagnosis of ATPD appears to be relatively stable in developing countries. However, it is difficult to make a definitive conclusion, as there is a substantial lack of literature in developing country settings.
Olanzapine-induced neutropenia
Authors: Malhotra Kirti , Vu Priscilla , Wang Danielle H. , Lai Hank , Faziola Lawrence R.
Published: June 2015

Olanzapine-induced neutropenia is a rare adverse effect that is currently poorly described in literature. Although neutropenia is a known adverse effect of clozapine, it has been associated with the use of other antipsychotic medications like olanzapine. This case report describes and reviews a case of olanzapine-induced neutropenia in a schizophrenic patient. Although the mechanism of antipsychotic-induced neutropenia is still debated, this report attempts to discuss current theories as well as supply evidence in literature of this rare but potentially dangerous adverse effect.
Cervical intraepithelial lesions in females attending Women's Health Clinics in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Hadi Mona , Khalaf Adel , Aboulkassem Hanaa , Naeem Noha , Baqy Mohamed Abdel , Sallam Hassan
Published: June 2015

Background:

Data from Egyptian studies provide widely varying estimates on the prevalence of preinvasive cervical lesions. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Egyptian women living in Alexandria to clarify the need for implementing a national organized screening program and a vaccination program in our community.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted over a 6 years period and covered the different socioeconomic levels to have a representative sample for women living in Alexandria. All women included did not have any cervical disorder related complaints. Conventional Pap smears were obtained and diagnosed using the Bethesda system. Women with abnormal Pap smears were managed according to the 2006 consensus guidelines within the available facilities. Persistent abnormal cytological results were referred for colposcopic biopsy. Histological results were grouped into: Reactive changes, CIN 1, CIN 2/CIN 3 and adenocarcinomain-situ(AIS).

Results:

Out of the 6173 smears included in the study 6072 (98.36%) were normal and only 101 (1.63%) were abnormal. After colposcopic biopsies, 0.08% had CIN 1, 0.03% had CIN 2, 3 and 0.01% had AIS.

Conclusion:

We concluded that cervical cancer screening programs, although life-saving for a number of women, are not a sufficiently high priority in our community. Money for national health screening programs should preferably be directed more towards recruiting women for breast cancer screening, since breast cancer accounts for about 33% of all female cancers in Egypt ranking number one, while cervical cancer ranks number 13.
Concept of Self in Avant-Pop Literature
Authors: Krevel Mojca
Published: June 2015

The treatise is an investigation into the construction of character and understanding of  subjectivity in general as it appears in the literature of writers associated with the Avant-Pop movement. As a movement, the Avant-Pop emerges at the beginning of the 1990’s – the time of substantial social, cultural and economic changes conditioning deeper changes of basic Geistesgeschichte paradigms marking the rise of a new, postmodern era. This article on the one hand examines the paradigm of subjectivity by discussing examples from Avant-Pop literary production in the light of prevailing theoretical opinions and speculations on postmodernity, and – on the other hand – connects the findings to broader social, cultural and technological aspects of contemporary living.