bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
56.5L: Late‐News Paper: A Real 3D Image Projected “Out‐of‐the‐Box” using Dual Parabolic Reflectors
Authors: Li Kenneth
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a newly developed high brightness Tru3D “Out of the Box” 3D Display without using a screen or special glasses, which produces true 3‐dimensional “floating” images of real objects and LCD display images. This system, using Dual Parabolic Reflectors (DPRTM), creates the appearance of a 3‐D product hovering in mid‐air, outside of the confines of a display case, to draw customer attention as such locations at trade shows, malls and other retail outlets. A 3“ version, for small objects like diamond rings, has been built and demonstrated. A 17” version for larger objects is being built for demonstration. In addition, the Tru3D display can be used for ATM's and other secure transition kiosk using active keyboards such that the user can inputs the PIN numbers in mid‐air without others seeing the entered codes.
56.6L: Late‐News Paper: Modular Multi‐Projection Multi‐View Autostereoscopic Display using MEMS Laser Projectors
Authors: Akşit Kaan , Olcer Selim , Urey Hakan
Published: July 2014

A new modular multi‐projection multi‐user multiview autostereoscopic display structure based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) laser projectors is presented. The system contains an array of MEMS laser projectors, a vertical diffuser, and the driving electronics. Each projector provides a slit of the whole image observed through the vertical diffuser. The structure does not require super position of the content among the projectors. Unlike similar type of displays, the size of the projection display hardware decreased dramatically. The structure has the capability to provide horizontal expansion in the screen size, and in number of different perspectives shown. Mentioned capabilities can be enhanced by using more projectors, by increasing the distance between projectors and the screen, and by changing the diffusion angle of the vertical diffuser in the minor axis. The inhouse built prototype with 18 projectors displays an image with a resolution of 234times848, and 36 different perspectives. The size of the image at the screen is 16 cm x 72 cm
57.2: Enhancing LCD Optical Efficiency with a Linearly Polarized Backlight and Polarization‐preserving Light Guide Plate
Authors: Luo Zhenyue , Cheng Yu‐Wen , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2014

We propose a new polarization‐preserving edge‐lit light guide plate (LGP) based on total internal reflection. Our simulation results show that such a LGP exhibits several attractive features: 1.54X higher polarization efficiency, 2.4X higher on‐axis luminance, and no need for a brightness enhancement film. When integrated with a linearly polarized LED array, the LCD optical efficiency can be enhanced dramatically and its power consumption can meet the challenging goal set by Energy Star 6.
57.3: Invited Paper: A Wide Color Gamut Display using Laser Light Sources
Authors: Minami Koji
Published: July 2014

We have developed a new backlight system that uses a laser diode for one of the light sources. This backlight system uses two kinds of light source. One is a red laser diode and the other is a cyan LED. The liquid crystal television display equipped with this particular backlight system has vivid colors that can be recognized at first glance.
58.3:Invited Paper: Highly Reliable InGaZnO Thin Film Transistor Backplane for 55‐inch 4K2K Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Display
Authors: Hayashi Hiroshi , Nakazaki Yoshiaki , Izumi Tomoaki , Sasaki Atsushi , Nakamura Tetsuroh , Takeda Eiji , Saitoh Tohru , Goto Masashi , Takezawa Hiroyoshi
Published: July 2014

InGaZnO (IGZO) TFT backplane for large‐size high‐resolution organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display has been developed. The uniformity of TFT electrical characteristics and stability was improved by the uniform IGZO composition realized by controlling ion bombardment direction. TFT electrical stability was improved by plasma treatments of the front and back channel interfaces. The 55‐inch 4K2K OLED display was successfully demonstrated with the backplane fabricated in a generation 8.5 production line.
59.3: Invited Paper: Developing E‐paper Standards for the Mobile Age
Authors: Penczek John , Hertel Dirk
Published: July 2014

The commercialization of electronic paper displays has brought the consumer a truly comfortable and mobile viewing experience, even in bright daylight conditions. We review the display standards activities that support the quality manufacturing of these products and helps drive their market expansion.
59.4L: Late‐News Paper: The Biprimary Color System for E‐Paper: Doubling Color Performance Compared to RGBW
Authors: Mukherjee Sayantika , Heikenfeld Jason , Smith Nathan , Goulding Mark , Topping Claire , Norman Sarah , Liu Qin , Kramer Laura
Published: July 2014

We demonstrate the “biprimary” color system with dual particle electrophoretic dispersions and a 3‐electrode system. Preliminary contrast ratios reach 10:1. Furthermore an electrokinetic cell is demonstrated confirming basic functionality for EKD panels. A theoretical pixel simulation confirms biprimary doubles the color performance compared to RGBW pixels.
60.3: 3D Glasses‐Free Display with Dead‐Zone Optimization for Multi‐User
Authors: Yen Yi‐Ting , Hung Chia‐Fen , Huang Jun‐Hui , Tsai Fu‐Chan , Li Chi‐Jen , Ho Chia‐Pu
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a novel method to optimize multi‐user dead‐zone for 3D glasses‐free display. The proposed optimization algorithm uses users' location information from face tracking to compute the best 3D rendering parameters. The experiment result shows that the success rate is 100% for three users, and 94% for five users.
61.3: High‐Contrast, Remodulation Projector with Constant Brightness and System Adjustments
Authors: Eccles David A
Published: July 2014

A projector with a native contrast >500k:1 and NRb (night‐vision) contrast >50k:1 has been developed with a constant brightness feedback system. Multiple projectors can be connected in flight simulators to provide constant brightness between projectors, thereby reducing the alignment time and maintenance and improving the realism of flight simulators.
61.4: New 4000‐Lm Solid‐State Light‐Source Data Projector
Authors: Komatsu Yoshikazu , Kashihara Yoshiki , Nishikawa Jun , Yoshida Ryo , Nomura Tsuneharu , Ishii Koichiro
Published: July 2014

A New Data Projector (Model name is VPL‐FHZ55) has released with highest brightness in August 2013. This projector has new light source technology with Blue Laser Diode and Yellow Phosphor Wheel that achieved 4000lm brightness with 0.76“ 3LCD WUXGA panel system. Projector specification and white light source technology to realize the better specification than conventional projector is described in this paper.
62.1: Distinguished Paper: Multi‐View Three‐Dimensional Display System by Using Arrayed Beam Steering Devices
Authors: Kim Yunhee , Choi Yoonsun , Choi Kyuhwan , Kwon Yongjoo , Bae Jungmok
Published: July 2014

Multi‐view three‐dimensional (3D) display using beam steering optical array is proposed. For the beam steering optics we fabricated an electrowetting micro prism array. The steering angle and the profiles are measured. Based on the results, we modeled the beam steering devices and simulate the performance for 3D display. Realistic view profiles are obtained by integrating the experimental beam profile data. Below the crosstalk 200%, the distance between views is 3 mm and the number of views is 90, which shows the possibility of the quasi continuous viewpoint with high resolution 3D display.
62.2: High‐Performance Transmissive Electrowetting Display based on Bilayer Metallic Nanowire Gratings
Authors: Sun Nan‐Ling , She Yi , Cui Jie , Zheng Jun , Ye Zhi‐Cheng , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2014

Bilayer metallic nanowire gratings (BMNG) have great potential to be used in display devices attributed to the unique surface plasmon resonant color shift by changing ambient refractive index. We demonstrated a novel prototype of transmissive electrowetting display based on BMNG by simulation and experiment. This prototype showed high transmission efficiency, high contrast and compact structure, promising for green and full color display.
62.3: Hand‐Waving Steganography by Use of a High‐Frame‐Rate LED Panel
Authors: Yamamoto Hirotsugu , Sato Kengo , Farhan Syahmi , Suyama Shiro
Published: July 2014

We propose a novel way of providing information based on a kind of steganography. A text is hidden in successive frames so that it is unnoticeable when being displayed at our developed high‐frame‐rate (480‐fps and 960‐fps) LED panels. This hidden text is decodable by viewing through a waving hand.
P‐2: High Mobility Zinc Oxynitride TFT for AMOLED
Authors: Wang Meili , Zhang Li , Wang Dongfang , Yan Liangchen , Yuan Guangcai , Wang Gang
Published: July 2014

Both etch stopped and back channel etched structure TFTs with zinc oxynitride(ZnON) as active layer were developed, and the saturation mobility achieved 33 cm2/Vs. The ZnON TFTs show superior positive gate bias stress under dark and light illumination. Furthermore, a 5 inch WOLED panel driven by ZnON TFT was demonstrated.
P‐3: Hybrid‐Type Temperature Sensor using Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Mukuda Tomonori , Matsuda Tokiyoshi , Hiroshima Yasushi
Published: July 2014

We have developed a hybrid‐type temperature sensor using TFTs. We combined a transistor, capacitor, and ring oscillator and detected the temperature by measuring the oscillation frequency. The large temperature dependences of the off‐leakage currents can be utilized, and simultaneously only a digital circuit is required to count the digital pulse.
P‐4: Effects of Surface Polarity on Nematic Liquid Crystal Alignment
Authors: Kim Young Ju , Bae Jin Woo , Song Kigook
Published: July 2014

Alignment of liquid crystal molecules on a polymer substrate depend on various molecular interactions at the interface between liquid crystal and substrate, such as dispersion forces, dipolar interactions, steric interactions, hydrogen bonding, and physical interactions due to distortion of orientation field of liquid crystals by grooved surface of the substrate. Among these interactions, dispersion force is regarded as a long‐range interaction and other interactions are regarded as short‐range interactions which do not extend beyond a few tens of angstrom. The homeotropic alignment mechanisms for nematic liquid crystals were studied on oxygen plasma treated glass substrates. The homogenous alignment was obtained for positive nematic liquid crystals whereas the homeotropic alignment for negative liquid crystals. Our studies provide experimental evidences showing that there is competing forces to determine the orientation of liquid crystals, and alignment can be controlled by adjusting the substrate polarity. Relations between anchoring transition of liquid crystals and the polarity of substrates were studied by observing liquid crystal alignment directions using polarized optical microscopy, conoscope, and FTIR spectroscopy. These studies provide experimental evidences showing that short‐range dipolar interactions and long‐range van der Waals interactions competitively control the orientation of the LC director.
P‐5: Pseudo‐CMOS Circuits using Amorphous In‐Sn‐Zn‐O Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Sawamoto Daisuke , Matsuda Tokiyoshi , Wang Dapeng , Furuta Mamoru , Kasami Masashi , Tomai Shigekazu , Yano Koki
Published: July 2014

We have developed pseudo‐CMOS circuits using α‐ITZO TFTs. The pseudo‐CMOS circuits have more excellent circuit characteristics than the conventional circuits. Either of the two pseudo‐CMOS circuits should be selected on demand by considering whether the static or dynamic characteristic is important. These results are useful to integrate driver circuits into FPDs.
P‐7: High Speed a‐IGZO TFT‐based Gate Driver by using Back Channel Etched Structure
Authors: Um Jae Gwang , Mativenga Mallory , Geng Di , Li Xiuling , Jang Jin
Published: July 2014

We demonstrated the high performance back–channel‐etched (BCE) amorphous‐InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) circuits. The TFTs exhibited the field‐effect mobility, turn‐on voltage and subthreshold swing of 18 cm2/V•s, ‐0.1 V, and 258 mV/dec, respectively. The oscillation frequency of an 11 stages ring‐oscillator is ~334.1 kHz, at VDD = 20 V. The 320 stages 11T2C shift‐register operated well up to the last stage with rising and falling times of 950 and 690 ns, respectively. Good performance is attributed to damage‐free back channel wet etch process and small overlap capacitance between the gate and source/drain electrodes.
P‐9: Study of the Origin of Major Donor States in Oxide Semiconductor
Authors: Oota Masashi , Ishihara Noritaka , Nakashima Motoki , Kurosawa Yoichi , Hirohashi Takuya , Takahashi Masahiro , Yamazaki Shunpei , Obonai Toshimitsu , Hosaka Yasuharu , Koezuka Junichi , Kanzaki Yohsuke , Matsukizono Hiroshi , Kaneko Seiji , Matsuo Takuya
Published: July 2014

The investigation of donor states is an important issue for characteristics and reliability of FETs. We succeeded in identifying the origin of donor states of InGaZnO through experiments and calculations. In addition, the number of photomasks is reduced by applying this mechanism.
P‐11: Development of Easy‐debonding IGZO TFT Array on Flexible PI Substrate at Low Temperature
Authors: Li Xi‐Feng , Zhu Le‐Yong , Chen Long‐Long , Shi Ji‐Feng , Sun Xiang , Zhang Jian‐Hua , Xin En‐Long , Chen Cheng‐Chung , Zang Hao‐Chun , Huo Si‐Tao , Ling Zhi‐Hua , Ma Jun
Published: July 2014

Active Matrix displays on light weight, non‐fragile, plastic substrates are of great interests for portable applications. One of the challenges has been device performance processed at low temperature: in both carrier mobility and operation stability. Another challenge has been bonding‐debonding efficiency. IGZO TFT array was fabricated on a lamination‐based polyimide (PI) flexible substrate at 200°C and is easily debonded without additional equipment. Good electrical characteristic and high stability of the IGZO TFT have been demonstrated.
P‐15: High‐Performance Fully Transparent Hafnium‐Doped Zinc Oxide TFTs Fabricated at Low Temperature
Authors: Wu Jing , Han Dedong , Zhao Nannan , Chen Zhuofa , Cong Yingying , Zhao Feilong , Dong Junchen , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Xing , Wang Yi
Published: July 2014

High‐performance fully transparent Hafnium‐doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors (HZO TFTs) were successfully fabricated on glass substrate at Low Temperature. Effects of the oxygen partial pressure on characteristics of HZO TFTs were studied. We achieved the optimum oxygen partial pressure condition and fabricated high‐performance fully transparent HZO TFTs. We also demonstrated the uniformity of TFTs on the whole glass. Furthermore, we also studied Ti‐doped Zinc Oxide TFTs and Tin‐doped Zinc Oxide TFTs at the same time, which are proven to be promising. Besides, our group also studied Ti‐doped Zinc Oxide TFTs and Tin‐doped Zinc Oxide TFTs at the same time.
P‐16: Effect of TFT Mobility, Sub‐Threshold Swing, and Threshold Voltage on AMOLED‐Display Resolution
Authors: Ho T. K. , Wong M. , Kwok H. S.
Published: July 2014

This paper presents the possibilities and design challenges of high definition active‐matrix backplanes using various TFT technologies. An analytical model for the minimum addressing time and hence the maximum resolution is presented in terms of various TFT device parameters, the process design‐rules, and other circuit parameters will be presented.
P‐17: Development of Amorphous Oxide Thin Film Transistors Fabricated by a Total Solution Process for Display Application
Authors: Tue Phan Trong , Koyama Hiroaki , Li Jinwang , Inoue Satoshi , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: July 2014

First, we introduce a new oxide channel material, zirconium‐indium‐zinc‐oxide (ZIZO), with high performance and high stability. Second, we develop a totally solution‐derived process for fabricating active‐matrix TFTs for display application. The obtained TFT performance is better than a‐Si TFT and comparable to that of vacuum‐processed oxide TFTs.
P‐19: A New Pixel Circuit to Compensate Panel Non‐uniformity and OLED Degradation on Large IGZO AMOLED Panel
Authors: Lin Chun‐Chieh , Lee Kuei‐Yu , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Lin Hong‐Shen , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Lin Yu‐Hsin
Published: July 2014

A new 4T2C pixel circuit is proposed in this study to compensate TFT process variations, Vth, mobility, power line IR‐drop, and OLED degradation in IGZO‐TFT process. Compensation performances show only from ±0.8% to ±1.74% panel non‐uniformity in average.
P‐20: Performance Improvement for High Mobility Amorphous Indium‐Zinc‐Tin‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Fuh Chur‐Shyang , Liu Po‐Tsun , Fan Yang‐Shun , Chang Chih‐Hsiang , Chang Che‐Chia
Published: July 2014

In this work, the relation between post annealing temperature and electrical characteristic on high mobility a‐IZTO TFTs was investigated. The 400°C‐annealed a‐IZTO TFTs exhibited a better performance with field effect mobility of 39.6 cm2/Vs, Vth of ‐2.8 V and sub‐threshold swing of 0.25 V/decade. Both shallow trap states of a‐IZTO film and interface trap states at the a‐IZTO/SiO2 interface decreased to 2.16 × 1017 cm−3eV−1 and 4.38 × 1012 cm−2eV−1, respectively with 400°C annealing. Owing to the higher energy from annealing process, the structural relaxation can be enhanced leading a better electrical characteristic of a‐IZTO TFTs.
P‐22: Top‐Gate Thin Film Transistor with ZnO:N Channel Fabricated by Room Temperature RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhou Wei , Chen Rongsheng , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: July 2014

In this work, top‐gate thin film transistor (TFT) with ZnO doped nitrogen (ZnO:N) channel fabricated by room temperature rf magnetron sputtering is demonstrated. ZnO:N film is obtained by introducing N2 ambient when sputtering ZnO. The crystallization of ZnO:N is better compared to ZnO film. The test results indicate that the ZnO:N could improve the electrical characteristics as an active channel layer for a TFT device. This in‐process doping method may be a valuable technique for the fabrication of the practical and stable TFT devices.
P‐23: A New LCD Pixel Circuit with Low Refresh Rate Using Memory TFT
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hyuck , Kim Jongbin , Jung Yongsik , Kim Kyeong‐Ah , Yoon Sung‐Min , Byun Chunwon , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Lee Seung‐Woo
Published: July 2014

We propose a memory‐in‐pixel (MIP) circuit to reduce the power consumption of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). With the property of ferroelectric TFT (FeTFT), a simple structure with low operating frequency is achieved. Its feasibility is confirmed by SPICE simulation.
P‐24: IGZO‐TFT Based Latch Circuit with High Stability and Full‐Swing Output for System‐on‐Panel†
Authors: Liao Congwei , Hu Zhijin , Li Wenjie , Li Junmei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: July 2014

This paper presents an IGZO‐TFT latch circuit featuring high stability and simple structure with only 5 TFTs per stage. Pass‐transistor logic style with gate voltage bootstrapped is used to suppress voltage amplitude loss and achieve a full swing output. Comparison studies are carried out with conventional latch, and results show that the proposed one has compact layout, free DC stress and enhanced immunity to △VTH.
P‐25: Top Gate Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O Thin Film Transistors Fabricated on Soda–Lime–Silica Glass Substrates
Authors: Baek Gwanghyeon , Krasnov Alex , Boer Willem den , Kanicki Jerzy
Published: July 2014

This work presents a comparative analysis of top gate a‐IGZO TFTs fabricated on both soda‐lime‐silica glass and alkali‐free borosilicate glass. Low‐temperature ALD is selected for the deposition of gate dielectric to minimize a thermal stress. Comparing with TFTs on alkali‐free borosilicate glass, TFTs with soda‐lime‐glass show similar threshold voltage and sub‐threshold swing, but slightly degraded effective mobility, stability and uniformity. The results of atomic force measurements are provided to explain the uniformity degradation.
P‐26: A Low‐Power Gate Driver Using Depletion‐Mode a‐IGZO TFTs
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Du Yuan‐Wei , Cheng Mao‐Hsun , Chen Yuan‐Chih , Tu Chun‐Da
Published: July 2014

A new gate driver composed of amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is proposed. By turning off TFTs completely to suppress the leakage current and eliminating the unnecessary charge and discharge currents, the power consumption of the proposed gate driver is reduced. Simulation results indicate that the proposed gate driver can be operated successfully with depletion‐mode a‐IGZO TFTs and the power consumption is reduced by 18.9% of the previously reported result.
P‐28: Study on One Infrequent Influencing Factor of TFT‐LCD Life
Authors: Feng Bin , Huang Hai‐Qin , Cui Xiao‐Peng , Yuan Jian‐Feng , Shao Xi‐Bin
Published: July 2014

Through a lot of analysis and test on a rare failure (ongoing black mura), we found that the distance of TFT U shaped channel to the gate line edge have great influence on the stability of TFT device. When the distance is less than a critical value, the characterization of TFTs would degrade after a long‐time of stress or aging, lead to decrease of Ion and increase of Vth, resulting in poor life time of TFT‐LCD for the abnormal black phenomenon. By BTPS(Bias, Temperature, Photo, Stress) [1‐2] and aging test, we compare the stability of TFTs with different distance value, establish calculation model and design spec. Effective improvement have achieved by process adjusting and design changes.
P‐29: DNA Sensing Systems on Flexible Substrate using Solution‐processed Oxide Thin‐film Transistors
Authors: Jung Joohye , Jung Tae Soo , Yoon Doo Hyun , Na Jaewon , Choi Jong Sun , Kim Hyungtak , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: July 2014

In this study, DNA sensors with remarkable sensitivity and feasibility of flexible devices are suggested. These properties arose from different sensing mechanism and low‐temperature process of In‐Zn‐O respectively, comparing favorably with conventional field‐effect transistor based DNA sensors.
P‐173L: Late‐News Poster: A High Quality Steerable Planar Collimator
Authors: Bang Hyungseok , Bruder Friedrich‐Karl , Ryu SeungMan , Hagen Rainer , Walze Günther , Weiser Marc‐Stephan , Fäcke Thomas , Lee GuenSik , Kang Hoon , Lim KyoungMoon , Kang InByeong
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we introduce a steerable planar collimator which generates highly collimated light and steers the generated light via an assembly of slim optical components. The planar collimator has the capability of delivering out‐generated light to a pre‐defined area, steering the direction of generated beam and coincident multi‐directional light generation. The described capability can work for energy saving display, three‐dimensional display, and security or privacy displays.
P‐186L: Late‐News Poster: Novel Optical Layout of Autostereoscopic Display That Simultaneously Reproduces Two Image Elements in Each Display Pixel
Authors: Ezhov Vasily A.
Published: July 2014

The new optical layout of glasses‐free stereoscopic display is described to improve the conditions of performance of the phase‐polarization parallax barrier which is key component of such display. The prototype of such display is developed. It is founded during testing that the most critical feature of such prototype is the presence of noticeable moire in the observed stereo image. The possible ways of suppressing moire are briefly discussed.
P‐187L: Late‐News Poster: Improved 3D with Super Stereoscopy Technique
Authors: Akşit Kaan , Niaki Amir Hossein Ghanbari , Urey Hakan
Published: July 2014

This paper introduces a new major milestone on stereoscopic displays, where users no longer suffer from the accommodation‐vergence conflict problem with a perfected monocular parallax. Our method provides multiple views to a single eye by using special apertures equipped with filters in front of the user's eyes in which the design is embedded into conventional stereoscopic glasses or special stereoscopic contact lenses. Thus, visual fatigue originated from accommodation‐vergence conflict is avoided. Through informal subjective tests, we have shown that the depth perception, accommodation, and vergence of the eyes can be enhanced. The technique is also capable of converting multi‐view displays to Super Multi‐View (SMV) displays.
P‐188L: Late‐News Poster: Design for a Flexible Autostereoscopic Display with Different Radius of Curvature
Authors: Cheng Yun‐Ting , Huang Kuo‐Chung , Lin Hoang Yan , Hsu Wan‐Hsuan , Hsiao Li‐Jen
Published: July 2014

Radius of curvature is an important factor for flexible displays, especially in 3D field; however little research has been done. This paper provides a design reference for flexible autostereoscopic (AS3D) displays with different radius of curvature based on a ray‐tracing approach. The recommended design radius of curvature for 4‐inch‐wide (10‐cm) two‐view flexible AS3D is the value larger than 30 cm.
P‐30: A Novel Analytical Method for Moiré Phenomenon in Autostereoscopic Displays
Authors: Liao Ren‐Wei , Dong Ren‐Lang
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we propose a novel analytical method for moiré phenomenon in autostereoscopic displays. First, the simulation model of 3D moiré pattern has been developed. Secondly, compute the CSF (Contrast Sensitivity Function) for each spatial frequency of simulated moiré. Finally, applying the threshold of human visual response to the analyzed results, the visibility of the moiré pattern is able to be predicted in advance. With the proposed algorithm, it is more accurate and effective to design moiré‐free 3D display.
P‐31: Investigation of the Actual Viewing Conditions in Chinese Home
Authors: Zhong Xuefei , Tu Yan , Niu Wenjuan , Guan Zhuangzhuang
Published: July 2014

To understand actual viewing conditions at home is important for lighting and TV design or program broadcast. The preferred luminance level of LCD TVs under actual viewing conditions is also important in order to obtain both good picture quality and low power consumption. Chinese's viewing environment and behavior at home are investigated in this paper. The results show that when the viewers watch TV in the daytime, the ambient illumination fluctuates with the time and weather. While at night, the intensity of ambient illumination is relatively dim, which reflect the lighting requirement of most viewers. The viewing distance is between 180cm to 350cm which is 4 to 9 times of the screen height. For most families, the watching time is lower than 3 hours per day. The first three favorite programs are series, news and entertainment program.
P‐33: Which Color Gamut Metric Best Predicts Human Display Preference?
Authors: Hillis James M , Schumacher Jennifer , Thielen James , Van Derlofske John , Wheatley John , Benoit Gilles , Lathrop Art
Published: July 2014

Advances in display technology depend on our ability to develop miniscule elements that emit a broad range of light intensities and colors. Existing technologies are limited and face trade‐offs between producing luminance and color. Photometry and colorimetry provide tools to help developers understand those trade‐offs and to set meaningful targets for the future. Uncertainty remains however as to which metrics provide the best guidelines. We examined the relationship between 8 color metrics and human preferences for displays that differed only in color gamut. We found that (1) volume metrics, computed from display luminance and color capacity, outperformed area metrics computed only from color and (2) of the color metrics we considered, CIECAM′02 saturation best predicted viewer preference.
P‐34: Evaluation of Readability for Tablet Devices by the Severity of Cataract Cloudiness
Authors: Ishii Yuki , Koizuka Tatsuya , Lege R. Paul , Kojima Takehito , Miyao Masaru
Published: July 2014

We carried out experiments to evaluate the readability of tablet devices and e‐paper under staged illuminance conditions. In the experiments, we measured reading time and conducted subjective evaluations. In this study, we carried out experiments with a reading test to evaluate the visibility of tablet devices and e‐paper under various illuminance conditions by those age groups with cataracts.
P‐35: How to Get Optimum Overdrive Values of Liquid Crystal Displays by Only Human Eyes
Authors: Kim Jongbin , Cho Youngmin , Kim Jong‐Man , Kim Minkoo , Jung Yongsik , Kim Joohwan , Lee Seung‐Woo
Published: July 2014

This paper proposes a new method to find out optimum overdrive (OD) values through visual inspection only. The method compares different OD values applied on a scrolling pattern. We found that the scrolling pattern with the height of 2° or smaller viewing angle is the best choice to find the optimum OD values. After only three trials performed by users, it is possible to estimate the OD values for all the transitions of the LCDs.
P‐37: Readability of Displays in Bright Outdoor Surroundings
Authors: Andrén Börje , Brunnström Kjell , Wang Kun
Published: July 2014

Readability of displays in bright outdoor surroundings is a problem for many types of visual displays. The wide range of lighting conditions that these displays should be able to operate in, makes the design of the test set‐up very challenging. Mobile displays of today usually have LCDs with LED backlight or OLEDs, which gives the possibility to control the light levels from very low luminance or even zero luminance to very high luminance levels with good contrast and color rendering. There are many displays that can show high luminance (>1000 cd/m2) and with that are considered or claimed to have daylight or sunlight readability. However, these statements are rarely supported by scientific tests with test subjects. This paper will discuss and analyze the conditions for performing such experiments. Experimental results that the visual acuity is negatively affected by strong illuminance are presented.
P‐38: Paired Comparison to Assess Dependency of Visibility on Panel Boundary Division in Weather Forecast Maps
Authors: Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Onisi Teppei , Babazono Tomotaka , Kihara Ken
Published: July 2014

The dependency of the visibility of Japanese weather forecast maps on composition is shown. Experiments demonstrate that the intensity of the divisions used to separate isolated islands from the main islands of Japan significantly impacts map visibility and suggests that some of the current maps have less‐than‐optimum boundaries.
P‐39: A Novel Color Gamut Quantization Method for Wide Color Gamut Display
Authors: Lin Kuei‐Yin , Tsai Fu‐Chan , Ho Chia‐Po , Yang Chih‐Hsiang
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we propose a novel method to calculate the color gamut especially for wide color gamut display. The features of the proposed method are 1) luminance consideration, 2) large color space and 3) distinguishable color by human eyes.
P‐40: Eye Movement while Reading E‐books
Authors: Takahira Hideaki , Ishikawa Rouichi , Kikuchi Kei , Yamada Mitsuho
Published: July 2014

We compared eye movement during reading of E‐books and paper books. We prepared two types of E‐books, one displayed as a single page, the other as a two‐page spread. This research suggests that it will be necessary to investigate the reading behavior of subjects reading paper books to improve the attractiveness of E‐books.
P‐41: Active Matrix Display with In‐Pixel Digital‐Analogue Conversion Driven by Digital Pulse Width Modulation
Authors: Tai Ya‐Hsiang , Lin Chun‐Yu , Rao Yong‐Nien
Published: July 2014

The paper proposes a new concept to drive the display pixel by modulating the pulse width of data voltage to control the discharge through a resistor of the pixel voltage. Thus, the D/A converters, output buffers, as well as the reference voltages in the conventional data driver can be omitted. Without those circuits, the power and cost of the active matrix display can be further reduced.
P‐44: Master‐Slave Pixel Concept Used for Improved Sensor‐Display Array Circuits on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolas P. , Lee Czang‐Ho , Wong William S.
Published: July 2014

A proposed master‐slave sensor‐display pixel concept for compensating the output current's peaks in a sensor/display pixel circuit is described. The circuits consists of two main parts: a master light‐sensor pixel and slave display pixels, which are driven directly from the master sensor pixel within a TFT backplane array. a‐Si:H TFTs on plastic substrates were used as the dual photosensor/switching device. Simulations show that the display pixels maintain a wide output current operating range from a few nA in the dark and up to 1.6uA output during white‐light illumination of ~0.3mW/cm2.
P‐48: Development of Novel RGBW Mobile Display with Local Dimming Backlight System
Authors: Harada Tsutomu , Sakaigawa Akira , Takasaki Naoyuki , Goto Fumitaka , Kimura Susumu , Higashi Amane , Nakahara Tae , Shiraishi Yasuhisa , Mifune Masayuki
Published: July 2014

We have developed a new 7‐inch WQXGA RGBW mobile LCD with local dimming backlight technology. This panel achieves a 20% power reduction compared to that of the prior RGBW displays, with no image quality degradation. It also realizes contrast improvement and a total module thickness of 1.16mm.
P‐49: New Blue‐Phase LCD Driving Pixel Circuit for a‐IGZO TFT with Large Operation Voltage
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Wu Chia‐En , Cheng Mao‐Hsun , Tzeng Bo‐Shiang , Lin Ching‐Huan , Sugiura Norio , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2014

A new pixel circuit for driving blue‐phase liquid crystal displays is proposed. To increase the transmittance of blue‐phase liquid crystals, the proposed circuit enlarges the range of the operating voltage. Simulation results show that the operating voltage can be successfully increased and the error rates are all less than 5%.
P‐51: a‐IGZO TFT Based Operational Amplifier and Comparator Circuits for the Adaptive DC‐DC Converter
Authors: Kim Kichan , Choi Keun‐Yeong , Choi Dong‐Hyuk , Lee Hojin
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we present an operational amplifier (op‐amp) based on amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide thin‐film transistors (a‐InGaZnO TFTs) to achieve a comparator operated by pulse‐width‐modulation (PWM) control‐loop structure, which can be used for dc‐dc converter circuits integrated in the display driving system. Based on electrical characteristics of the fabricated a‐InGaZnO TFT, we proposed a novel NMOS op‐amp to achieve the overall gain of 19.2dB. On the basis of the proposed op‐amp, we fabricated a‐InGaZnO TFT comparator circuit, which could successfully operate at 100 Hz to control the duty ratio from 25% to 75% with the slew rate of 0.625V/μs.
P‐57: Development of 5‐inch FHD IPS‐LCD Adopting New Pixel Structure Using Wall Electrodes
Authors: Hiratsuka Takato , Itou Osamu , Sonoda Daisuke , Ishigaki Toshimasa , Komura Shinichi
Published: July 2014

We have developed a 5‐inch Full‐HD (FHD) in‐plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal display (LCD) adopting wall electrodes perpendicular to the substrate. The structure shields unnecessary electric fields from signal lines and adjacent pixel electrodes by a common electrode. The structure realizes a transmittance higher than conventional IPS‐LCDs by using a small wall electrode.
P‐175L: Late‐News Poster: A 2.0Gbps Intra‐Panel Interface with Automatic Calibration for Chip‐On‐Glass Super‐High‐Definition TFT‐LCD Applications
Authors: Ishizone Yohei , Suzuki Shinya , Konishi Kenzo , Sato Takahiro , Kato Masahiro
Published: July 2014

This paper describes an interface capable of high data rate transmission for Chip‐On‐Glass (COG) TFT‐LCD applications. To compensate for severe channel loss and reflection, automatic calibration of both equalization and internal timing is employed. The proposed interface has been verified on a 15‐inch 3Kx2K COG TFT‐LCD panel with a data rate of 2.0Gbps.
P‐190L: Late‐News Poster: Low Frequency Driving Display to Reduce Logic Power in Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Oh DaeSeok , Sang WooKyu , Park YongHwa , Chung MoonSoo , Shin SeungHwan , Kim KyuJin , Kim TaeHun , Lee JuYoung , Jun MyungChul , Kang InByeong
Published: July 2014

In the flat panel display market, as part of a differentiated competitive advantage in terms of power consumption, in order to gain a competitive edge Logic Power reduction will be addressed.

This paper describes a method for reducing the current of SD‐IC. The driving frequency is changed according to image. System is recognized as the frame of a still image without changing the data. If a still image, the driving frequency decreases to reduce the power consumption. If a still image, the Flicker in main issue of the existing low‐speed driven is reduced, and logic power consumption is reduced.

In this paper, interlace of Low Frequency has improved flicker level and lower power consumption and SD‐IC thermal improvements
P‐59: Electrically Highly Stable, Flexible, Transparent, and Conductive Hybrid Electrodes using Effective Indium‐Doped Zinc Oxide Buffer Layer on Silver Nanowires
Authors: Lee Hyun Jun , Hwang Ju Hyun , Shim Yong Sub , Jung Sun‐Gyu , Kim Kyu Nyun , Park Cheol Hwee , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: July 2014

The hybrid Ag NW/IZO thin electrode shows a remarkable electrochemical stability, strong adhesiveness, and outstanding flexibility, as well as enhanced electrical conductivity and great optical transparency. The newly designed hybrid electrode enables effective long‐term electrical properties which lead to a better performance of various types of flexible electrical devices.
P‐60: Basic Design for Half Tone Performance of Organic Insulation Negative PAC for the Novel IPS Structure
Authors: Park Chul Ho , Choi Young Seok , Kwack Hee Young , Nam Myung Woo , Yu Sang Jeon , Park Jong Wook , Jeong Kyong Deuk
Published: July 2014

In many areas, including IPS Display SiNx to be replaced by an organic insulating film. We called negative Photo Acrylate (PAC). New half tone negative PAC was developed a △H 25,000 Å. The half tone PAC material designed of the photo‐initiator efficiency in 365nm wavelength and applies photo/thermal adhesion Promoters.
P‐63: Highly Transparent and Rub Resistive Nanostructured Diamond‐like Carbon Protective Coatings for Display Application
Authors: Peng Kai‐Yu , Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Tsai Ming‐Chih , Lin Chii‐Ruey , Wei Pei‐Kuen , Wei Da‐Hua
Published: July 2014

We reported a nanostructured diamond‐like carbon (DLC) nanomesh by using nanosphere lithography as a protective coating for display panel. The proposed DLC coating not only provides highly rub resistivity and self‐cleaning effects but also has excellent optical transparency for display application. The 120‐nm‐thick DLC nanomesh showed 94.4% transparency compared with the PC substrate. It also performed high hardness of 13.75 GPa under 1000 μN loading and great hydrophobicity of water contact angle of ~108° due to the lotus effects.
P‐64: Eliminating Buckling in Vertical Four‐Point Bend Testing
Authors: Vepakomma K. Hemanth , Carley Stephen H. , Westbrook Jamie T. , Morgan Glenn V. , White Robert D.
Published: July 2014

As glass samples get thinner they tend to buckle during vertical four‐point bend testing resulting in erroneous strength measurements. This paper suggests design modifications to the existing setup to overcome this issue. The standard four‐point bending formula can still be used for calculating the applied stress.
P‐69: A Study of Sticking Image for Automotive Displays
Authors: Kim Chang‐Hoon , Yoon Sung‐Hoe , Kim Jeong‐Ki , Yoon Jeong‐Hwan , Kim Byeong‐Koo , Kong Min‐Suk , Woo In‐Chul , Jo Sung‐Hak , Lim Young‐Nam , Jun Myung‐Chul
Published: July 2014

The sticking image is a long standing but still not clearly solved problem in the display quality. It is more important criteria for the automotive displays. The factor analysis for the better understanding of sticking image was made in order to secure better display quality in the automotive application.
P‐192: Evaluation of Dimensional Stability during Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFT Fabrication Process Using an Ultra‐Low Thermal‐Shrinkage Glass Substrate
Authors: Hayashi Kazutaka , Akiyama Jun , Kunigita Masaya
Published: July 2014

Dimensional stability of glass substrate is one of the key characteristics for the fabrication of high resolution display using low‐temperature poly‐Si(LTPS) TFT. In this paper, thermal shrinkage behavior of newly developed ultra‐low shrinkage glass substrate during LTPS process was investigated using numerical simulation.
P‐73: Brightness Inversion of the Polymer Sustained Alignment (PSA) Mode Curved Display
Authors: Hsieh Shang‐Wei , Liao Super , Hsieh l‐Hsun
Published: July 2014

A new type curved liquid crystal display has been presented. A direct‐type backlight module is used for curved display. Curved display has different emitting angles from the center to the edge. It was found the brightness increase as the view angle increases at low grayscale. It causes the color shift and poor uniformity. This paper discusses different grayscale view cone measurement result of 21.5“ curved display. According to the measurement result, it can be improved by partition gamma correction.
P‐76: Distinguished Student Poster: Viewing Angle Switchable Display with a Compact and Directional Backlight Module
Authors: Wang Yi‐Jun , Lu Jian‐Gang , Chao Wei‐Chung , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2014

A compact light guide plate (LGP) with special designed microstructures and dual collimated light sources was proposed to achieve an adjustable riming angle backlight for eco‐display. The micro‐prisms were utilized to guide the emitting rays toward normal viewing cones while a set of strip patterned diffuser toward wide viewing cones. The uniformity of spatial luminous can reach 91% / 87% at view cone of ±3/±60 deg. in each mode. Only 5% of power consumption in narrow viewing angle mode was needed to keep the same luminance in wide viewing angle mode.
P‐77: Roll‐to‐roll Manufacturing of RGB Phosphor Sheets for Solid State Lighting and Large Area Flexible Displays
Authors: Menkara Hisham , Minkara Mazen , Nguyen Mark , Thamban Arun , Schupeta Burkhard
Published: July 2014

We report on a novel low‐cost approach for producing large format flexible RGB phosphor sheets with applications in both lighting and displays. The process can utilize any conventional down‐conversion/up‐conversion phosphor or non‐phosphor optical powder materials regardless of particle size, shape, and composition. Both monochrome and patterned phosphor sheets can be produced in widths larger than 50 inch and lengths over 50 meters by roll‐to‐roll. Substrate thickness can vary from 50 microns (2 mils) to over 500 microns (20 mils) with monolayer control over phosphor coating thickness and better than 5% color uniformity. This technology is currently being used to produce high performance remote phosphor sheets for phosphor‐converted white LEDs with ultra‐high color rendering index (CRI>96) and correlated color temperature (CCT) from 2700K to over 8000K. A customized red/green phosphor film has also been shown to deliver 100% of NTSC color gamut for LCD display applications when combined with a blue LED.
P‐78: An Interactive 360° Floating 3D Display Based on Gesture Recognition
Authors: Su Chen , Xia Xinxing , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu , Shen Weidong
Published: July 2014

An interactive 360‐degree light field 3D display system based on gesture recognition is implemented. The system is comprised of a high‐frame‐rate projector, flat directional diffusing screen, high‐speed data transmission module and Kinect somatosensory device. The floating occlusion‐capable 3D image could revolve around the axis determined by user's gesture.
P‐79: An Autostereoscopic Display Structure Based on Diffractive Optical Elements and Tunable Refractive Elements
Authors: Hsu Chiao‐Wei , Lin Hoang Yan , Hsiao Li‐Jen
Published: July 2014

In recent years, autostereoscopic display systems are primarily either obstructive or refractive types. This study proposes an alternative structure using a blazed grating and a layer of liquid crystal with designed geometry. The refractive index of the liquid crystal can be varied electronically and thereby allowing variable optimal viewing distance.
P‐80: Intelligent Remote Light‐Emitting Systems using PMMA and CuInS2 Nanocrystals Composite Films
Authors: Zhou Qingchao , Chen Bingkun , Bai Zelong , Zou Bingsuo , Zhong Haizheng
Published: July 2014

Colloidal CuInS2 based nanocrystals emerge as low cost, low toxic, non‐rare earth color conversion materials to enhance the performances of white lighting emitting diodes. We here report the fabrication of light conversion films composed by CuInS2/ZnS nanocrystals and PMMA as well as their applications in intelligent remote lighting systems for living room and agriculture lighting.
P‐81: Local Dimming Using a Grid‐shaped Reflector in Large‐sized LED TV
Authors: Qin Zong , Huang Yi‐Pai , Liu Sheng , Shieh Han‐Ping David
Published: July 2014

A grid‐shaped reflector was added into direct LED backlight in large‐sized LED TV to reduce computational complexity of local dimming process. Without consideration of high computational complexity, more dimming blocks can be adopted to achieve lower distortion rate and power consumption.
P‐82: Holographic Display System Based on Complex Amplitude Modulation
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Juan , Wang Yongtian
Published: July 2014

A method for modulating the amplitude and the phase independently is proposed to realize the holographic display with reduced speckle noise by a phase‐only spatial light modulator (SLM) and a filtering architecture. The presented technique is applied to overcome the limitation of phase‐only SLM in the reconstruction of three‐dimensional objects.
P‐83: Large Depth Integral Imaging Using Piano‐Convex Micro‐Lens Array and Flat‐Panel Array
Authors: Wang Pan , Wang Ya‐Zhou , Li Da‐Hai , Deng Huan , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: July 2014

A large depth integral imaging (II) display is proposed. It can produce two central depth planes (CDPs) contrasting to the conventional II display which produces a unique CDP, and it has a simple structure. The details are discussed, and the results of experiments are presented.
P‐191L: Late‐News Poster: Analysis of Backlight Structure based on Different LCD Eigenmode
Authors: Lv Jinku , Qu Yingying , Lu Kun , Zhao Hongyu , Tang Rong , Hao Yutao , Zou Bin , Zhang Honglin , Lee S.M. , Wang Dan , Shao Xinbin
Published: July 2014

This paper mainly talks about how backlight sheets prism and LED bar position influence on the ADS mode Open cell transmission. To get a higher transmission, we suggest prism (90°) above with E mode LCD, and prism (0°) above with O mode LCD, diffuser and other optical materials cannot be ignored also. Optical film and other optical materials cause the backlight is partially polarized light, rather than ideal nature light.
P‐84: Towards a Complete Understanding of the Electronic Characteristics of Powder ACEL Lamps
Authors: Winscom Christopher J. , Harris Paul G. , Silver Jack
Published: July 2014

The most practical form of equivalent circuit for single layer AC powder electroluminescent lamps when designing for high efficacy is identified. The crucial elements are a series resistance‐capacitance arrangement whose values can be independently determined as functions of applied voltage amplitude and frequency.
P‐85: ZnO Thin Film Phosphor Prepared on Different Substrates by Novel Multiple Reducing Annealing
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Li Xin , Pradeep E.K.C , Kawaharamura Toshiyuki
Published: July 2014

The ZnO thin film phosphor was prepared on conductive ITO substrate directly combining radio frequency sputtering and a novel multi‐reducing annealing method. The vertically aligned ZnO nanorods with much oxygen vacancies were formed during the annealing processes. The intense photoluminescence from ZnO nanorods was obtained.
P‐86: Improved Performance of Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes by Using Charge Blocking Layer
Authors: Park Myeongjin , Lim Jaehoon , Kwon Yongwon , Jung Heeyoung , Kwak Jeonghun , Chat Kookheon , Lee Seonghoon , Lee Changhee
Published: July 2014

We fabricated highly bright and efficient inverted quantum dot (QD) light emitting by using double charge injection layer with organic electron transport material. Using organic electron blocking layer, the controlled injection of carriers was achieved by cascaded energy levels, leading to the decreasing carrier injection into QDs. The improved performance can be attributed to adjust charge injection into the QD emissive layer and reduce exciton quenching.