bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of an anti-angiogenic factor sFLT1 is suppressed via promoter hypermethylation of FLT1 gene in choriocarcinoma cells
Authors: Sasagawa Tadashi , Jinno-Oue Atsushi , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Morita Kazuki , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Mori-Uchino Mayuyo , Fujii Tomoyuki , Shibuya Masabumi
Published: February 2020

Background: Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1) as an anti-angiogenic factor is abundantly expressed in placental trophoblasts. Choriocarcinoma, a malignant tumor derived from trophoblasts, is known to be highly angiogenic and metastatic. However, the molecular mechanism underlying angiogenesis in choriocarcinoma pathogenesis remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the mRNA expression and DNA methylation status of the FLT1 gene in human choriocarcinoma cells and trophoblast cells. Methods: qRT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA were conducted to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of sFLT1. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5azadC) treatment and bisulfite sequencing were used to study the FLT1 gene promoter methylation. The effect of sFLT1 on choriocarcinoma growth and angiogenesis was evaluated in a xenograft mouse model. Results: Expression of the FLT1 gene was strongly suppressed in choriocarcinoma cell lines compared with that in the primary trophoblasts. Treatment of choriocarcinoma cell lines with 5azadC, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, markedly increased in mRNA expression of three FLT1 splice variants and secretion of sFLT1 proteins. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that the CpG hypermethylation was observed at the FLT1 promoter region in choriocarcinoma cell lines and a human primary choriocarcinoma tissue but not in human trophoblast cells. Interestingly, in 5azadC-treated choriocarcinoma cell lines, sFLT1 mRNA expression and sFLT1 production were further elevated by hypoxic stimulation. Finally, as expected, sFLT1-expressing choriocarcinoma cells implanted into nude mice showed significantly slower tumor growth and reduced microvessel formation compared with GFP-expressing control choriocarcinoma cells. Conclusions: Inhibition of sFLT1 production by FLT1 silencing occurs via the hypermethylation of its promoter in choriocarcinoma cells. The stable expression of sFLT1 in choriocarcinoma cells resulted in the suppression of tumor growth and tumor vascularization in vivo . We suggest that the FLT1 gene may be a cell-type-specific tumor suppressor in choriocarcinoma cells.
Profiling Italian cat and dog owners’ perception of pet food quality and their purchasing habits
Authors: Vinassa Marica , Vergnano Diana , Valle Emanuela , Giribaldi Marzia , Nery Joana , Prola Liviana , Bergero Domenico , Schiavone Achille
Published: February 2020

Background. There has recently been a growth in sensitivity toward pet animals, and this has also involved an increase in attention toward their nutrition, which is seen as a way of guaranteeing the welfare of their pets. However, it is difficult for pet owners to understand the quality of products, due to a lack of clear information on the label. The aim of the study has been to identify the pet food characteristics that can be considered as quality indicators for dog and cat owners through a survey which was distributed by the promoters in pet stores and sector fairs throughout the Italian territory. Results. A total of 935 surveys were collected. Descriptive statistic showed a higher percentage of female owners (61.8%) among the interviewees. The participants were divided almost equally between owners of dogs (39.4%), cats (30.8%) and both dogs and cats (29.8%). A quarter of the owners (25.5%) asked veterinary for advice on which pet food to buy, and about a third (30.4%) trusted the advice posted on web sites’ of the major brands’, giving both of them a greater responsibility to provide information. “Contains natural ingredients” was the characteristic with the highest score (4.3 out of 5). Older owners (>65y) paid more attention to cost, and less to the appearance of pet food, animal satisfaction and fecal quality. Younger owners (<35y) paid more attention to the quality of the faeces, the percentage of protein, the presence of recyclable packaging and less attention to the appearance of the food, the smell and animal satisfaction. Appearance, smell, a higher cost and some label indications (protein content, presence of fresh meat, grain-free) were important for the wet pet food buyers. Furthermore, some differences emerged between the owners of different animal species. Conclusions. Italian pet food buyers considered the presence of particular ingredients as the most important indicator of quality of pet food, while the least important was the price. The information from this survey could be used to help pet food companies to identify the factors that influence the quality of the products as perceived by dog and cat owners.
Missed opportunities for NCD multimorbidity prevention in adolescents and youth living with HIV in urban South Africa
Authors: Kamkuemah Monika , Gausi Blessings , Oni Tolu
Published: February 2020

Background: Epidemiological transition in high HIV-burden settings is resulting in a rise in HIV/NCD multimorbidity. The majority of NCD risk behaviours start during adolescence, making this an important target group for NCD prevention and multimorbidity prevention in adolescents with a chronic condition such as HIV. However, there is data paucity on NCD risk and prevention in adolescents with HIV in high HIV-burden settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which NCD comorbidity (prevention, diagnosis, and management) is incorporated within existing adolescent HIV primary healthcare services in Cape Town, South Africa.
Methods: We reviewed medical records of 491 adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) aged 10- 24 years across nine primary care facilities in Cape Town from November 2018- March 2019. Folders were systematically sampled from a master list of all AYLHIV per facility and information on HIV management and care, NCDs, NCD risk and NCD-related health promotion extracted.
Results: The median age was 20 years (IQR: 14- 23); median age at ART initiation 18 years (IQR: 6 –21) and median duration on ART 3 years (IQR: 1.1 –8.9). Fifty five percent of participants had a documented comorbidity, of which 11% had an NCD diagnosis with chronic respiratory diseases (60%) and mental disorders (37%) most common. Of those with documented anthropometrics (62%), 48% were overweight or obese. Fifty nine percent of participants had a documented blood pressure, of which 27% were abnormal. Twenty-six percent had a documented health promoting intervention, 42% of which were NCD-related; ranging from alcohol or substance abuse (13%); smoking (9%); healthy weight or diet (9%) and mental health counselling (10%).
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates limited NCD screening and health promotion in AYLHIV accessing healthcare services. Where documented, our data demonstrates existing NCD co-morbidity and NCD risk factors highlighting a missed opportunity for multimorbidity prevention through NCD screening and health promotion. Addressing this missed opportunity requires an integrated health system and intersectoral action on upstream NCD determinants to turn the tide on the rising NCD and multimorbidity epidemic.
Identification of the Eutrema Salsugineum EsMYB90 gene important for anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Qi Yuting , Gu Caihong , Wang Xingjun , Gao Shiqing , Li Changsheng , Zhao Chuanzhi , Li Chuanshun , Ma Changle , Zhao Dazhong , Zhang Quan
Published: February 2020

Background: Anthocyanins contribute to coloration and antioxidation effects in different plant tissues. MYB transcription factors have been demonstrated to be a key regulator for anthocyanin synthesis in many plants. However, little information was available about the MYB genes in the halophyte species Eutrema salsugineum.Result: Here we report the identification of an important anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator EsMYB90 from Eutrema salsugineum, which is a halophyte tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses. Our phylogenetic and localization analyses supported that EsMYB90 is an R2R3 type of MYB transcription factor. Ectopic expression of EsMYB90 in tobacco and Arabidopsis enhanced pigmentation and anthocyanin accumulation in various organs. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 42 genes upregulated by EsMYB90 in 35S:EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants are required for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, our qRT-PCR results showed that EsMYB90 promoted expression of early (PAL, CHS, and CHI) and late (DFR, ANS, and UFGT) anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in stems, leaves, and flowers of 35S:EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants.Conclusions: Our results indicated that EsMYB90 is a MYB transcription factor, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to control anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our work provides a new tool to enhance anthocyanin production in various plants.
Comparing national dementia plans and strategies in Europe – Is there a focus of care for people with dementia from a migration background?
Authors: Schmachtenberg Tim , Monsees Jessica , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Berg Neeltje van den , Stentzel Ulrike , Thyrian Jochen René
Published: February 2020

Background People with migration background and dementia are a vulnerable group. Providing care for this group is a public health challenge in Europe. An increasing number of countries are issuing national dementia plans, but a systematic overview of national dementia plans of European countries focusing on care for people with migration background is lacking. This study aims to illustrate how European countries identify the dementia-related needs of people with migration background and whether there are specific healthcare services for them at the national level. Methods A qualitative analysis of national dementia plans of the EU and EFTA (European Free Trade Association) countries was carried out. Using the discourse analysis model according to Rainer Keller (2011), documents were systematically screened for their relation to migration via keyword and context analysis. The content of the migration-related sections was analysed using the methods of paraphrasing, memos, comments, and open coding. Results Twenty-three of the 35 EU and ETFA countries have a national dementia plan, ten of these documents refer to migration and one country (Austria) has a national dementia plan with a chapter on migration. Eight national dementia plans identify the specific needs of people with migration background and dementia, and actions to care for this group are planned in nine countries. However, only Norway, Northern Ireland, and the Netherlands have specific healthcare services for people with migration background. Overall, the topic of migration plays a subordinate role in the national dementia plans of European countries. Conclusions The current lack of migrant-specific healthcare services in almost all European countries may lead to denying the right to appropriate care to a growing population. The topic of migration must be given greater attention in national dementia plans. European countries should develop strategies with specific services that address the needs of people with migration background. To improve comparability at the European level, a common definition of migration is needed. Further studies should include country-specific problems related to dementia and migration.
Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Guoxuan , Wang Zihan , Qu Xiang , Zhang Zhongtao
Published: February 2020

Objective The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine prognostic roles of the total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or subtypes of TILs (CD4+, CD8+, and FOSP3+) for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identified eligible articles before August 2019. Study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias were performed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias on study level was assessed using an approach based on the ROBINS I tool and the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. We performed meta-analyses to obtain a pooled estimate of the prognostic role of TILS using Review Manager 5.3. Results There was total of 37 studies included in the final analysis. Compared to TNBC patients with poor TILs, TNBC patients with rich TILs had a higher pCR to treatments (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.43-3.19). Along with per 10% increase of the TILs, patients with TNBC had an increased pCR (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16). Compared to TNBC patients with poor TILs, patients with rich TILs had a better OS (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.48-0.71) and DFS (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57-0.76). Addition to, along with a continuous increase of the TILs, patients with TNBC had improved OS (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.93) and DFS (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.90-0.95) as well. CD4+TILs subgroup (rich vs. poor) showed a better OS (HR 0.49, 95%CI 0.32-0.76) and DFS (HR 0.54, 95%CI 0.36-0.80). CD8+TILs subgroup (rich vs. poor) showed a better DFS (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.81), but no statistical association was found with OS (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.46-1.06). FOXP3+TILs subgroup (rich vs. poor) showed a better DFS (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.33-0.75), but no statistical association was found with OS (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.24-6.88). Conclusion TNBC with higher levels of TILs showed better short-term and long-term prognosis. The phenotypes of TILs (CD4+TILs, CD8+TILs, and FOXP3+TILs) had positive prediction for long-term prognosis for TNBC.
Association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Shrestha Monika , Ng Ashley , Al-Ghareeb Amal , Alenazi Fatimah , Gray Richard
Published: February 2020

Background

Self-care behaviours in people living with type 2 diabetes are important to achieving optimal glycemic control. Major depression in type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased adherence to self-care behaviours. The association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours, however, has not previously been systematically reviewed. The objective of this review is to determine the association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in five electronic databases that included MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Emcare, and CINAHL. Any observational studies in adults with type 2 diabetes, investigating the association between subthreshold depression and any self-care behaviours were included in the review. Qualitative studies, review articles and grey literatures were excluded. Two reviewers independently completed title and abstract and full-text screening, appraised study quality, and extracted the data. A third reviewer resolved any discrepancies between the reviewers if needed. Included articles were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta-analyses were not conducted, because criteria for conducting such analyses were not met.

Results

A total of 6,408 articles were identified through the database searching. After the abstract and full-text review, two articles met the inclusion criteria. One of the included study was cross-sectional while the other was a longitudinal study. The two studies showed inconsistent findings on the association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours. Important risks of bias were identified in both the included studies.

Discussion

The evidence from the two included studies on a possible association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours in adults with type 2 diabetes was not consistent and potentially biased. Our review established a gap in knowledge and suggests that further high-quality studies are needed to examine the association between subthreshold depression and self-care behaviours in people with type 2 diabetes.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018116373

Keywords: Subthreshold depression, Depression, Self-care behaviour, Self-Management, type 2 diabetes, Systematic Review
Patient satisfaction and quality of life in breast reconstruction: assessment of outcomes of immediate, delayed, and nonreconstruction.
Authors: Siqueira Hianga Fayssa Fernandes , Teixeira Jorge Luiz de Almeida , Filho Reginaldo da Silva Lessa , Hora Evânia Curvelo , Brasileiro Filipe Ferreira , Borges Kênya de Souza , Brito Érika de Abreu Costa , Lima Marcela Sampaio , Marques Adriane Dórea , Moura Alex Rodrigues , Júnior Tarcizo Costa Figueiredo , de Oliveira Thiago Costa , Vasconcelos Ana Alice Santana , Lima Carlos Anselmo
Published: February 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted aiming to assess the quality of life and satisfaction of mastectomized women treated with and without breast reconstruction. Results: A total of 81 patients mastectomized were included, of whom 53 (65.4%) underwent breast reconstruction. Quality of life was not significantly better in the reconstruction group than the nonreconstruction group. Satisfaction with the surgically operated breast, whether reconstructed or not, was positively correlated with quality of life (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in quality of life between women with immediate and late reconstruction. This study showed that the satisfaction of patients with the operated breast, reconstructed or not, is more important in quality of life than whether the breast was reconstructed or not. When we analyzed the quality of life of mastectomized women who were dissatisfied with their unreconstructed breasts, we observed that nonreconstruction had a negative impact on the quality of life. Keywords: Breast cancer, Mastectomy, Breast reconstruction, Quality of life
Microbiome composition differences among breeds impact feed efficiency in swine
Authors: Bergamaschi Matteo , Tiezzi Francesco , Howard Jeremy , Huang Yi Jian , Gray Kent A. , Schillebeeckx Constantino , McNulty Nathan P. , Maltecca Christian
Published: February 2020

Background Feed efficiency is a crucial parameter in swine production given both its economic and environmental impact. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in nutrient digestibility and is therefore likely to affect feed efficiency. This study aimed to characterize feed efficiency, production traits, and gut microbiome composition of three major breeds of domesticated swine, and to investigate a possible link between feed efficiency and gut microbiota composition. Results Average daily feed intake ( ADFI ), average daily gain ( ADG ), feed conversion ratio ( FCR ), residual feed intake ( RFI ), backfat, loin depth, and intramuscular fat of 615 pigs belonging to the Duroc ( DR ), Landrace ( LR ), and Large White ( LW ) breeds were measured. Gut microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Orthogonal contrasts between paternal line (DR) and maternal lines (LR+LW) and between the two maternal lines (LR versus LW) were performed. Average daily feed intake and ADG were statistically different with DR having lower ADFI and ADG compared to LR and LW. Landrace and LW had a similar ADG and RFI, with higher ADFI and FCR for LW. Alpha diversity was higher in the fecal microbial communities of LR pigs than in those of DR and LW pigs for all time points considered. Duroc communities had significantly higher proportional representation of the Catenibacterium and Clostridium genera compared to LR and LW, while LR pigs had significantly higher proportions of Bacteroides than LW for all time points considered. We identified several amplicon sequencing variants members of certain genera including Anaerovibrio , Bacteroides , Blautia , Clostridium , Dorea , Eubacterium , Faecalibacterium , Lactobacillus, Oscillibacter , and Ruminococcus significantly associated with feed efficiency of pigs for all time points considered. Conclusions In this study we characterized differences in the composition of the fecal microbiota of three commercially relevant breeds of swine, both over time and between breeds. Correlations between different microbiome compositions and feed efficiency were established. This suggests that the microbial community may contribute in shaping host productive parameters. Moreover, our study provides important insights to understand how the intestinal microbial community might influence the host energy harvesting capacity. A deeper understanding of this process may allow us to modulate the gut microbiome for more efficient animals.
What do we know about physical activity interventions in vocational education and training? A systematic review
Authors: Grüne Eva , Popp Johanna , Carl Johannes , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: February 2020

Background Although the health benefits of physical activity are well known, young people’s physical activity behavior often is insufficient and declines in adolescence. Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of physical activity promoting interventions among young people, but none has reviewed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in the vocational education and training (VET) setting. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize and review the available literature on physical activity promoting interventions in VET and (2) examine their effects on physical activity-related outcomes, such as physical activity level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors. Methods Five electronic databases were searched for studies involving adolescents aged 15 to 20 years that took place in a VET setting and evaluated the effects from an intervention, which had to comprise a physical activity component, on a physical activity-related outcome, such as PA level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors. The screening process and the quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewer; data extraction was conducted by one reviewer and verified by another. Results The literature search identified 18,959 articles and 11,282 unique records. After the screening process, nine studies met the pre-defined eligibility criteria and were included in qualitative analyses. All but two studies reported significant improvements for at least one physical activity-related outcome. The interventions substantially differed in their development approaches (top-down vs. bottom-up approaches), complexity (multi- vs. single-component), and addressed behavior (multi-behavioral vs. single-behavioral). The most conspicuous finding was that bottom-up approaches tend to improve outcomes at the psychological level and top-down approaches at the physical level. Regarding the interventions’ complexity and addressed behavior, we could not reveal any conclusive results.Conclusion This systematic review highlights the varying effects of physical activity promoting interventions in VET. Nevertheless, heterogeneous effects and overall weak study quality limited our ability to draw clear conclusions about the potentially most effective intervention strategies. Therefore, future research should focus on high quality studies with long-term follow-ups to make recommendations for practical use. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42018109845 Keywords: Physical Activity; Health Promotion; Adolescence; Apprenticeship; Students; School; Workplace
Spectrum of Alpha Thalassemia Alleles in Kuwait
Authors: Adekile Adekunle , Sukumaran Jalaja , Thomas Diana , De Souza Thomas , Haider Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Background: The frequency of alpha thalassemia trait is about 40% in the Kuwaiti population, but there has been no comprehensive study of the prevalent alleles. This is a report of the patients who were referred for molecular diagnosis over a 20-year period. Methods: Blood samples from suspected cases were sent to the Hemoglobin Research Laboratory of the Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University. A retrospective study of the molecular characterization of samples from 1994 to 2015 was carried out. The alpha globin genotypes were determined by a combination of PCR, allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization and reverse dot-blot hybridization (Vienna Lab Strip Assay). Results: 400 samples were characterized and analyzed from individuals aged <1 month to 80 years, with a median of 6 years (~60% children and adolescents). Most (90.8%) were Kuwaiti nationals. The common genotype was homozygosity for the polyadenylation-1 mutation (αPA-1α/α PA-1α) in 33.3%, followed by heterozygosity (αα/α PA-1α) for the same mutation in 32.3%. The PA-1 was therefore the most frequent allele (0.733). The frequency of the α0, –MED was 0.19. Rare alleles that were found in very low frequencies included the α0 (--FIL) in a Filipino child, Hb Constant Spring, Hb Adana,and Hb Icaria. Conclusion: There is a wide variety of alpha thalassemia alleles among Kuwaitis, but the nondeletional PA-1 is by far the most common cause of moderate to severe HbH disease phenotype. The α0 (–MED) allele is also encountered, which has implications for pre-marital counselling especially the possibility of having babies with alpha thalassemia major (Barts hydrops fetalis).
Confirmation of the absence of local transmission and geographic assignment of imported falciparum malaria cases to China using microsatellite panel
Authors: Liu Yaobao , Tessema Sofonias K , Murphy Maxwell , Xu Sui , Schwartz Alanna , Wang Weiming , Cao Yuanyuan , Lu Feng , Tang Jianxia , Gu Yaping , Zhu Guoding , Zhou Huayun , Gao Qi , Huang Rui , Cao Jun , Greenhouse Bryan
Published: February 2020

Background Current methods to classify local and imported malaria infections depends primarily on patients travel history, which can have limited accuracy. Genotyping has been investigated as a complementary approach to track the spread of malaria and identify the origin of imported infections.Methods An extended panel of 26 microsatellites (16 new microsatellites) for Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated in 602 imported infections from 26 sub-Saharan African countries to the Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China. The potential of the 26 microsatellite markers to assign imported parasites to their geographic origin was assessed using a Bayesian method with MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) as implemented in the program Smoothed and Continuous Assignments (SCAT) with a modification to incorporate haploid genotype data.Results The newly designed microsatellites were polymorphic and are not in linkage disequilibrium with the existing microsatellites, supporting previous findings of high rate of recombination in sub-Saharan Africa. Consistent with epidemiology inferred from patients travel history, we found no evidence for local transmission; nearly all genetically related infections were identified in people who traveled to the same country near the same time. The smoothing assignment method assigned imported cases to their likely geographic origin with an accuracy (Angola: 59%; Nigeria: 51%; Equatorial Guinea: 40%) higher than would be achieved at random, reaching statistical significance for Angola and Equatorial Guinea.Conclusions Routine genotyping is valuable for malaria case classification and program evaluation in an elimination setting. Method for assigning geographic origin of mammals based on genetic data were adapted for malaria and showed potential for identification of the origin of imported infections.
Genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) and mismatches against RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine observed on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea and globally
Authors: Huang Hui-Ying , Liang Xue-Yan , Lin Li-Yun , Chen Jiang-Tao , Ehapo Carlos Salas , Eyi Urbano Monsuy , Li Jian , Jiang Ting-Ting , Zheng Yu-Zhong , Zha Guang-Cai , Xie Dong-De , He Jin-Quan , Chen Wei-Zhong , Liu Xiang-Zhi , Mo Huan-Tong , Chen Xin-Yao , Lin Min
Published: February 2020

Backgroud RTS, S/AS01 is a Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein ( PfCSP ) based anti-malaria vaccine, but various genetic polymorphisms of PfCSP among global P. falciparum population could lead to mismatch against the PfCSP - based vaccine and reduce vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphisms and natural selection of PfCSP in Bioko as well as global P. falciparum population. Methods From January 2011 to December 2018, 148 blood samples were collected from P. falciparum infected Bioko patients and 96 monoclonal sequences of them were successfully acquired and analyzed with 2200 global PfCSP sequences mined from MalariaGEN Pf3k Database and NCBI. Results In Bioko, the N-terminus of PfCSP showed limited genetic variations and the numbers of repetitive sequences (NANP/NVDP) were mainly found as 40 (35%) and 41 (34%) in central region. Most polymorphic characters were found in Th2R/Th3R region, where natural selection (p>0.05) and recombination occurred. The overall pattern of Bioko PfCSP gene had no obvious deviation from African mainland PfCSP (Fst=0.00878, p<0.05). The comparative analysis of Bioko and global PfCSP displayed the various mutation patterns and obvious geographic differentiation among populations from four continents (p<0.05). The global PfCSP C-terminal sequences were clustered into 138 different haplotypes (H_1 to H_138). Only 3.35% of sequences matched 3D7 vaccine strain haplotype (H_1). Conclusions The genetic polymorphism phenomena of PfCSP were found universal. The overall vaccine efficacy might be influenced by the low proportion of vaccine-matched isolates in global parasites population. Genetic polymorphism and geographical characteristics should be considered for future improvement of RTS, S/AS01.
Malaria in children and women of childbearing age: prevalence and knowledge in the province of Nyanga, Gabon
Authors: IMBOUMY-LIMOUKOU Roméo Karl , MAGHENDJI-NZONDO Sydney , SIR-ONDO-ENGUIER Pater Noster , TEGOMO Nathalie Pernelle TSAFACK , OKOUGA Alain Prince , ONDEME Augustin MOUINGA , NOLNA Sylvie KWEDY , LEKANA-DOUKI Jean Bernard
Published: February 2020

Background: There is little information on the social perception of malaria and the use of preventative measures in Gabon, especially in rural areas. Adequate knowledge of malaria prevention and control can help in reducing the burden of malaria among vulnerable groups, particularly pregnant women and children aged under 5 years old living in malaria endemic settings. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of malaria and the knowledge and attitude towards this disease in households in the Nyanga Province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess malaria knowledge, prevention practices and prevalence of the infection in five departments of the Nyanga Province. Malaria infection was confirmed using rapid diagnostic tests. A questionnaire was administered randomly to 535 households during a two weeks period in March 2018. Overall, the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on malaria, malaria prevention practices and malaria prevalence were evaluated and compared across the five departments. Results: Data was collected on 1,307 participants were included in this study, 631 women of childbearing age (including 61 pregnant women) and 676 children. Practically the entire (97.7%) interviewed population had already heard about malaria and attributed the cause of malaria to a mosquito bite (95.7%). This survey revealed that the bed net coverage rate was 73.3%. The study observed an average malaria parasite prevalence of 13.9%. All departments of Nyanga province had significant level of malaria infection except for the Mayumba department where no plasmodial infection was found. The overall prevalence of the plasmodial infection was significantly higher in children and pregnant women compared to adults in the cities of Tchibanga and Moabi. Conclusion: Malaria is highly prevalent in the province of Nyanga. Our findings show that children under five and pregnant women are more vulnerable to malaria in this area of the country. This study reveals that respondents have a high knowledge of mode of transmission, malaria symptoms and preventive measures. Despite this high level of knowledge of the disease and its preventive measures, the incidence of malaria remains relatively high in this rural community highlighting the need for continuous strategic interventions particularly health awareness and educational programs
CO2 Cholangiography Reduce Cholangitis Risk in Patients with Bismuth Type IV Hilar Biliary Obstruction during ERCP
Authors: zhang wenhui , Ding Peng peng , liu lei , wang yanling , lai wenhui , han jingjing , han jun , li hanwei
Published: February 2020

Backgrounds: Endoscopic palliation in hilar obstruction requires endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), whereas cholangitis could be induced by contrast injection. Post ERCP cholangitis risk is particularly high in Bismuth type IV hilar obstruction, and the risk is further increased if the contrast could not be drained. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cholangitis risks associated with contrast agent, air and CO 2 injection in type IV hilar lesions.
Methods : The authors retrospectively evaluated the utility of contrast, air and CO 2 cholangiography in consecutive 70 patients with type IV hilar obstruction. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the agent used: A) contrast (n=22), B) air (n=18), and C) CO 2 (n=30). Prior to ERCP, MRCP was obtained in all patients to guide endoscopic intervention.
Results : At baseline, there was no significant difference in patient’s age, gender, symptoms, liver function tests between different groups ( p ＞0.05). The complication rates in group B and C were significantly lower than that in group A (27.8% and 26.7% versus 63.6%, p ＜0.05). Except cholangitis risk ( p ＜0.05), no significant difference was found in post ERCP pancreatitis and bleeding risks (both p ＞0.05) between the 3 groups. After ERCP, the mean hospital stay duration was shorter in group B and C compared with group A ( p ＜0.05). However, the difference of one month mortality between 3 groups was not significant ( p ＞0.05). There was no significant difference between group B and C in primary end points.
Conclusions : CO 2 cholangiography based ERCP is safer and should be utilized to reduce the risk of post-ERCP cholangitis in typer IV hilar obstruction.
A method to audit and score implementation of knowledge translation (KT) interventions in large health regions – an observational pilot study using rectal cancer surgery in Ontario
Authors: Simunovic Marko , Fahim Christine , Coates Angela , Urbach David , Earle Craig , Grubac Vanja , Brouwers Melissa , O'Brien Mary Ann , Baxter Nancy
Published: February 2020

Background: Across Ontario, since the year 2006 various knowledge translation (KT) interventions designed to improve the quality of rectal cancer surgery have been implemented by the provincial cancer agency or by individual researchers. Ontario is divided administratively into 14 health regions. We piloted a method to audit and score for each region of the province KT interventions implemented to improve the quality of rectal cancer surgery. Methods: We interviewed stakeholders to audit KT interventions used in respective regions over years 2006 to 2014. Results were summarized into narrative and visual forms. KT experts reviewed these data and then, for each region, scored KT intervention implementation using a 20-item KT Signature Assessment Tool. Scores could range from 20-100 with higher scores commensurate with greater KT intervention implementation. Results: There were thirty interviews. KT experts produced scores for each region that were bimodally distributed, with an average score for 2 regions of 78 (range 73-83) and for 12 regions of 30.5 (range 22-38). Conclusion: Our methods efficiently identified two groups with similar KT Signature scores. Two regions had relatively high scores reflecting numerous KT interventions and the use of sustained iterative approaches in addition to those encouraged by the provincial cancer agency, while 12 regions had relatively low scores reflecting minimal activities. These groupings will be used for future comparative quantitative analyses to help determine if higher KT signature scores correlate with improved measures for region-level quality of rectal cancer surgery.
The deleterious effect of the HLA-C1/KIR2DL3 receptor-ligand combination on Chinese HIV Patients
Authors: Sun Jianjun , SHEN Jia-yin , ZHANG Feng-di , ZHANG Ren-fang , LIU Li , SHEN Yin-zhong , WANG Jiang-rong , QI Tang-kai , WANG Zhen-yan , TANG Yang , SONG Wei , CHEN Jun , GUAN Li-qian , SUN Mei-yan , ZHANG Shu-ye , LU Hong-zhou
Published: February 2020

Background Among Chinese HIV-infected patients we assessed the impact of different KIR-HLA combinations on the viral set point levels, CD4/CD8 ratios and plasma soluble CD14, all of which are risk factors for the prognosis of HIV patients. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients who were treatment naive, and processed according to the study design. Participants were selected according to the inclusive criteria and their clinical data and other demographic information were recorded. The genomic DNA of the host was extracted from the whole blood samples, and the KIR genotyping was performed by sequence specific primer amplification (PCR-SSP); the HLA genotyping was performed by sequence analysis (PCR-SBT); and the HLA-KIR genotyping and combination information were obtained. Results In China, the distribution of KIR genotypes in HIV patients was similar to that of KIR genotypes in people without HIV infection; the baseline HIV level in patients with HLA-C1+/KIR2DL3+ background was significantly higher than that of HLA-C1+/KIR2DL3-(4.34 log10 copies/ml v.s 3.72 log10 copies/ml, P=0.02); the baseline CD4/CD8 ratio of HLA-C1+/KIR2DL3+ was significantly lower than that of HLA-C1+/KIR2DL3-(0.33 v.s 0.56, P=0.02). The plasma soluble CD14 level at baseline was significantly lower in HLA-C1+/KIR2DL3- infected persons than that of HLA-C1+/KIR2DL3+ (P=0.03). Conclusions NK cells may affect the viral set point and host immune status in HIV-infected patients through the combination of KIR molecules and their corresponding ligand HLA, thus affecting the prognosis of HIV infection.
Are Preinjury Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Medications a Pitfall in the Bleeding Tendencies of Elderly Trauma Patients in Intensive Care?
Authors: Kim Se Heon , Sul Young Hoon , Lee Jin Young , Ye Jin Bong , Lee Jin Suk , Kim Hong Rye , Yoon Soo Young , Kim Joong Suck
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The elderly are more likely to be on anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, which increase bleeding. We aimed to determine the effect of preinjury anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications on required blood transfusions and the trauma outcomes of elderly patients.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all elderly trauma patients admitted to Chungbuk National University Hospital from January 2016 to June 2019. We compared the required number of blood transfusion units, complications, and mortality rate between those on anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications and those that were not, using the chi-squared test, independent t-test, liner regression analysis, and logistic regression analysis.Results: Out of 466 patients, 142 were on anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications while 324 were not. There was a significant statistical difference in the unit amount of red blood cells transfused within 4 hours of arriving at the hospital between the medicated and non-medicated groups (0.89 vs 1.43 units, respectively, p = 0.02); however, multivariate analysis showed no statistical difference (p = 0.28). The medication group showed a higher rate of complications compared to the non-medicated group (47.9% vs. 29.6%, respectively, p = 0.001), bleeding (17.6% vs 2.8%, respectively, p = 0.001), and pneumonia (24.4% vs 14.2%, respectively, p =0.01). There was no statistical difference in the mortality rate (16.9% vs. 22.2%, respectively, p = 0.21). Conclusion: Preinjury anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications in elderly trauma patients increased bleeding and complications such as pneumonia but did not affect transfusion requirement, or mortality rate.
Cause-specific survival by stage of bladder and urinary tract cancers and factors collected by Mallorca Cancer Registry associated to survival
Authors: Ramos Maria , Ripoll Joana , Montaño Juanjo , Pons Jaume , Ameijide Alberto , Franch Paula
Published: February 2020

Background: 1) to find out the distribution of bladder and urinary tract cancers by stage; 2) to determine cause-specific survival by stage of bladder and urinary tract cancers; 3) to identify factors that explain and predict the likelihood of survival and the risk of dying from these cancers.Methods: Incident bladder and urinary tract cancer cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2011 were identified through the Mallorca Cancer Registry. Inclusion criteria: cases with codes C65–C68 according to the ICD-O 3rd edition with any behaviour. Cases identified exclusively through the death certificate were excluded. We collected the following data: sex; age; date and method of diagnosis; histology according to the ICD-O 3rd edition; T, N, M and stage at the time of diagnosis; and date of follow-up or death. End point of follow-up was 31 December 2015. Multiple imputation (MI) was performed to estimate cases with unknown stage. Cases with benign or indeterminate behaviour were excluded for the survival analysis. Actuarial and Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models were used for survival analysis.Results: 2060 cases were identified. 15% were women and 65.2% were 65 years or older. 93.6% consisted of bladder and other urinary tracts. 55.7% were papillary transitional neoplasia, 37.7% solid transitional, 0.6% microcytic, and the rest of other histology. 3.7% had no stage (benign or undetermined behaviour) and 12.5% had unknown stage. After MI, 35.7% were in stage 0a (non-invasive papillary carcinoma), 3.1% in stage 0is (carcinoma in situ), 33.3% in stage I, 11.9 % in Stage II, 4.7% in stage III, and 11.1% in stage IV. Survival was 73% at 5 years. Survival by stage: 98% at stage 0a, 88% at stage 0is, 84% at stage I, 44% at stage II, 33% at stage III, and 7% at stage IV. The Cox model showed that age, histology, and stage were associated with survival.Conclusion: Bladder and urinary tract cancers survival vary greatly with stage, among both non-invasive and invasive cases.
Prognostic utility of lipoprotein(a) combined with fibrinogen in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a prospective, large cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yan , Jin Jing-Lu , Cao Ye-Xuan , Liu Hui-Hui , Zhang Hui-Wen , Guo Yuan-Lin , Wu Na-Qiong , Gao Ying , Hua Qi , Li Yan-Fang , Xu Rui-Xia , Cui Chuan-Jue , Liu Geng , Dong Qian , Sun Jing , Li Jian-Jun
Published: February 2020

Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and fibrinogen (Fib) are both associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the atherogenicity of Lp(a) can be partly due to the potentially antifibrinolytic categories. We hypothesize that patients with higher Lp(a) and Fib may have worse outcomes. Methods: In this prospective study, we consecutively enrolled 8,417 patients with stable CAD from March 2011 to March 2017. All subjects were divided into 9 groups according to Lp(a) (Lp(a)-Low, Lp(a)-Medium, Lp(a)-High) and Fib levels (Fib-Low, Fib-Medium, Fib-High) and followed up for CVEs, including nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Caplan-Meier, Cox regression and C-statistic analyses were performed.Results: During a median of 37.1 months’ follow-up, 395 (4.7%) CVEs occurred. The occurrence of CVEs increased by Lp(a) (3.5% vs. 5.3% vs. 5.6%, p=0.001) and Fib (4.0% vs. 4.4% vs. 6.1%, p<0.001) categories. When further classified into 9 groups by Lp(a) and Fib levels, the CVEs were highest in the 9th (Lp(a)-High and Fib-High) compared with the 1st (Lp(a)-Low and Fib-Low) group (7.2% vs. 3.3%, p<0.001). The highest risk of subsequent CVEs was found in the 9th group (HRadjusted 2.656, 95% CI 1.628-4.333, p<0.001), which was more significant than Lp(a)-High (HRadjusted 1.786, 95% CI 1.315-2.426, p<0.001) or Fib-High (HRadjusted 1.558, 95% CI 1.162-2.089, p=0.003) group. Moreover, adding the combined Lp(a) and Fib increased the C-statistic by 0.013.Conclusion: Combining Fib and Lp(a) enhance the prognostic value for incident CVEs beyond Lp(a) or Fib alone.
The C-terminal of the E1A binding protein 2 enhances the metastatic potential of keratinocyte-derived cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells via the gp130/JAK2/Stat1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zuo Siyao , Li Xin , Bao Wanguo , Li Shanshan
Published: February 2020

Background The abnormal expression of C-terminal of the E1A binding proteins (CtBPs) was is observed to be involved in several human tumors. This study aims to investigate the expression of CtBPs and their potential underlying mechanisms in the most common metastatic skin cancer, keratinocyte-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCCs) patients and their evaluation value in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Methods In the present study, the expression levels of CtBPs in cSCCs and actinic keratosis tissues were examined by immunohistochemical assay. To discover the effects of CtBP2 on the metastatic phenotype of cSCCs, a stably expressing plasmid was transfected into keratinocyte cells in order to initiate CtBP2 overexpression. The endogenous protein gp130, which is a signal-transducing subunit associated with the ligand-occupied interleukin receptor was silenced in these cells using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences. Moreover, the endogenous expression of CtBP2 in cSCCs cell lines was also silenced. Transfection efficiency was validated by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays, and the malignant phenotype of these cells was evaluated by various assays including the CCK8, colony formation, transwell, and cell scratch assay. Furthermore, the activation state of the gp130/JAK2/Stat1 signaling pathway was further discovered via western blotting. Results The observation discovered that the mean levels of CtBP2 expression, not noted for CtBP1, were elevated in 104 cSCCs tissue samples compared with those noted in 102 actinic keratosis tissue samples. The upregulated expression levels of CtBP2 were remarkably associated with tumor metastasis. CtBP2 promoted the malignant phenotype of keratinocyte cells, and gp130 knockdown (k/o) notably reduced this effect in keratinocyte cells by inhibiting the activation of the JAK2/Stat1 pathway. In addition, the k/o of CtBP2 notably reduced the ability of cSCCs cells to metastasize by suppressing the gp130/JAK2/Stat1 pathway. Conclusions The present data revealed that CtBP2 promoted cSCCs cell metastasis via the gp130/JAK2/Stat1 pathway, suggesting that targeting of CtBP2 or gp130 is a promising anti-tumor tactics to impede tumor progression in cSCCs.