bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Accountability in Business-intensive Systems-of-Systems
Authors: Cordeiro Felipe , Vasconcelos Aline , Santos Rodrigo Pereira dos , Lago Patricia
Published: October 2024

CONTEXT: The evolution of business processes has driven the integration of systems-of-systems (SoS) across various domains, leveraging technologies such as cloud computing, e-commerce platforms, and smart environments. In this context, the integration of various heterogeneous and independent constituents systems include information systems that collaborate to achieve business goals. Hence, the accountability of these systems must be a concern, but traditional accountability approaches can obscure the responsibility and ownership of data, processes, and outcomes. PROBLEM: This complexity often results in studies offering specific solutions, then highlighting the ongoing need for a shared understanding of accountability. Furthermore, establishing accountability as a quality requirement poses a significant challenge due to limited research and an undefined agenda for underlying challenges. SOLUTION: This paper presents an overview of accountability from reporting on the current landscape to proposing a research agenda to address existing challenges. METHOD: The study adopts a prescriptive approach based on a systematic mapping study. RESULTS: The study yields insights into accountability, and a research agenda when identifying seven topics for further investigation. CONCLUSION: By consolidating knowledge on accountability, this study facilitates the expansion of the body of knowledge on the field and brings new inquiry to inspire innovative solutions.
Assessing Python Style Guides: An Eye-Tracking Study with Novice Developers
Authors: Oliveira Pablo Roberto Fernandes de , Gheyi Rohit , Costa José Aldo Silva da , Ribeiro Márcio
Published: October 2024

The incorporation and adaptation of style guides play an essential role in software development, influencing code formatting, naming conventions, and structure to enhance readability and simplify maintenance. However, many of these guides often lack empirical studies to validate their recommendations. Previous studies have examined the impact of code styles on developer performance, concluding that some styles have a negative impact on code readability. However, there is a need for more studies that assess other perspectives and the combination of these perspectives on a common basis through experiments. This study aimed to investigate, through eye-tracking, the impact of guidelines in style guides, with a special focus on the PEP8 guide in Python, recognized for its best practices. We conducted a controlled experiment with 32 Python novices, measuring time, the number of attempts, and visual effort through eye-tracking, using fixation duration, fixation count, and regression count for four PEP8 recommendations. Additionally, we conducted interviews to explore the subjects’ difficulties and preferences with the programs. The results highlighted that not following the PEP8 Line Break after an Operator guideline increased the eye regression count by 70% in the code snippet where the standard should have been applied. Most subjects preferred the version that adhered to the PEP8 guideline, and some found the left-aligned organization of operators easier to understand. The other evaluated guidelines revealed other interesting nuances, such as the True Comparison, which negatively impacted eye metrics for the PEP8 standard, although subjects preferred the PEP8 suggestion. We recommend practitioners selecting guidelines supported by experimental evaluations.
Applying Design Science Research to Develop a Process Reference Model for IT Workforce Outsourcing: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Simões Carlos , Santos Gleison
Published: October 2024

IT organizations in Brazil increasingly use workforce outsourcing, and it has become a strategic choice, facilitating innovation, flexibility, and effectiveness in the process execution. This paper presents how we created the Process Reference Model for IT Workforce Outsourcing (MR-TFT) using an approach based on Design Science Research. MR-TFT considers typical and critical aspects of IT workforce outsourcing – for both contractors and suppliers – identified from interviews with industry professionals and a mapping study. It adapts important concepts of software engineering to support workforce outsourcing practices. MR-TFT covers the entire life cycle of providing this type of service, including defining the strategy, managing the agreement between the parties, implementing the outsourcing, evaluating the performance and quality of services performed by the outsourced workforce, and continuously improving the related processes. We also present results from a case study in the context of diagnosing the outsourcing practices in which the model was considered useful and viable.
The Skill Gap in Software Industry: A Mapping Study
Authors: Diniz Wellynton , Valença Marcela , França César , Santos Alessandro , Pincovsky Mariana
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, the growth potential of the software industry has raised concerns about the increasing number of unfilled positions due to a shortage of human capital, known as the "Skill Gap." This article presents findings from a Mapping Study (MS) conducted from September 2020 to February 2022, reviewing 8,622 articles, with 31 studies selected for analysis. The aim of this study was to map the causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies of the skill gap in software engineering. The main causes include the misalignment between academia and industry and rapid changes in market demand, resulting mainly in costs and missed opportunities. The article concludes by outlining potential avenues for future research in this domain.
Comparative Analysis of Large Language Model Tools for Automated Test Data Generation from BDD
Authors: Mendoza Isela , Silva Filho Fernando , Medeiros Gustavo , Paes Aline , Neves Vânia O.
Published: October 2024

Automating processes reduces human workload, particularly in software testing, where automation enhances quality and efficiency. Behavior-driven development (BDD) focuses on software behavior to define and validate required functionalities, using tools to translate functional requirements into automated tests. However, creating BDD scenarios and associated test data inputs is timeconsuming and heavily reliant on a good input data set. Large Language Models (LLMs) such as Microsoft’s Copilot, OpenAI’s ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google’s Gemini offer potential solutions by automating test data generation. This study evaluates these LLMs’ ability to understand BDD scenarios and generate corresponding test data across five scenarios ranked by complexity. It assesses the LLMs’ learning, assertiveness, response structuring, quality, representativeness, and coverage of the generated test data. The results indicate that ChatGPT-4 and Gemini stand out as the best tools that met our expectations, showing promise for advancing the automation of test data generation from BDD scenarios.
A self-adaptive IoT architecture to support intelligent environments
Authors: Nascimento Mateus G. do , David José Maria N. , Dantas Mario A. R. , Braga Regina , Ströele Victor
Published: October 2024

Context: Intelligent environments are complex interaction spaces between people, sensors, devices, and systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) has provided, in recent years, the gradual exposure of society to these environments. However, Software Engineering requires specific techniques to deal with the development of these systems. Software Engineering must tackle the intrinsic characteristics of devices and sensors and complex interactions in intelligent environments to consolidate good development practices. Objective: The main objective of this article is to present a self-adaptive IoT architecture in an intelligent environment. The proposal concerns how different architecture modules cooperate and interact to develop new applications. Method: The work was developed through a real-world case study in an intelligent e-health environment. Conclusion: The results showed how a self-adaptive architecture using artificial intelligence can support the management of an intelligent e-health physical space. With this, it was possible to observe how data collection, environment monitoring, prediction of using IoT devices, and optimization of environment management can occur.
Curricularization of Extension through the Development of Computational Solutions Supporting the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Tives Heloise Acco , Ancini Gabriel , Canedo Edna Dias , Marini Andreia
Published: October 2024

This work presents an experience report on the Community Projects II course, which focuses on integrating institutional outreach activities into the curriculum. Aimed at contributing to society and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the class developed five computational solutions during the 2023.2 semester. Interaction with the external community enhanced students’ empathy and understanding of social needs. The course combined classroom instruction for project guidance and analysis with practical activities for solution development. Agile methods SDGs and bi-weekly sprints were employed, allowing students to assess the value generated and make necessary adjustments for subsequent development stages.
Aproximando Indústria e Academia para Lapidação de Talentos em Desenvolvimento de Software no Sertão do Ceará: Um Estudo de Caso sobre o mandacaru.dev
Authors: Feitosa Alexandre , Tavares Artelino , Martins Henrique , Pessôa Emanuel , Paiva Marlon , Tomaz Emerson B. , Araújo Allysson Allex
Published: October 2024

Grounded on the alliance between industry and academia, mandacaru. dev emerged to nurture talent from the of Ceará through an immersive training program aligned with the digital challenges of companies B3, Bolsa do Brasil, PDtec, and BLK, in partnership with the Federal University of Ceará (UFC). As a descriptive case study, this study seeks to investigate the perception of students (n=72) and professionals (n=8) involved in the organization/execution of mandacaru.dev. Quali-quantitative research utilized questionnaires and interviews for data collection, with Descriptive Statistics and Thematic Content Analysis were applied for data analysis. In summary, 77.77% of students saw positive professional growth from mandacaru.dev, while 87.50% felt more connected to the software market. The qualitative analysis covered prior experience and expectations, operationalization of the program, and implications and lessons learned. This research contributes to academia and industry by examining, from the perspectives of students and professionals, a relevant experience rooted in industry-academia collaboration aimed at training and attracting talent in software development.
A decade of evolution in project leaders onboarding process at a global software company: a case study
Authors: Lima Rayfran Rocha , Fernandes Caroline da Encarnacao , Lima Elcione , Castro Renata Gabriella , Oran Ana Carolina
Published: October 2024

CONTEXT: The software industry, characterized by its high turnover and constant change in its production process, also demands continuous improvement in its newly hired employees’ onboarding and training processes. OBJECTIVE: This work investigates how the onboarding and training processes for new employees in the project leaders department evolved over a decade. METHOD: We employed a descriptive case study, using interviews, an electronic questionnaire, and document analysis to examine the transformation of fundamental aspects such as (i) learning strategies, (ii) support materials, (iii) guidance and mentoring, and (iv) the impact of the onboarding process on the emotional states of newcomers. RESULTS: The results highlight the importance of guidance and mentoring to consolidate knowledge shared through training, self-study, and experiences in applying the problem-based learning approach. Furthermore, given the dynamic and evolving nature of the software industry’s production processes, it presents the challenges of creating and maintaining support materials to aid the onboarding process. Finally, the onboarding process’s impacts on newcomers’ emotional states are presented. CONCLUSION: Effective management of critical factors can foster a learning environment that facilitates the development of skills and abilities more efficiently, promotes emotional well-being, reinforces self-efficacy, and increases newcomers’ productivity. By recognizing the interdependence of these elements, organizations can develop more integrated and flexible training strategies, optimizing the development trajectory of newcomers.
Beyond Code: the Development of soft skills through Training in Software Engineering
Authors: Cavalcante Victória , Costa Catarina , Soares Daricélio
Published: October 2024

Skills considered non-technical or soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, leadership, problem solving, creativity, adaptability, among others, have become valuable in the development of professional activities. Hiring software professionals has always involved a list of required technical skills, now there is also a list of expectations for professionals who can collaborate with the team more completely. Non-technical skills are typically not the focus of educational institutions, although students are encouraged to work in teams on projects. In this sense, this study investigated the impact of an extension course, which aims to develop technical skills in full-stack web development and the development of soft skills, using active teaching methodologies and agile practices. The study investigated students’ familiarity with Software Engineering concepts and the development of non-technical skills. Two studies, one initial and one at the end of the 7-month course, assessed familiarity with Requirements Engineering, Continuous Delivery and Agile Methods, revealing a significant increase in High Familiarity from 56.7% to 91.5%. There was a significant development of soft skills, with emphasis on the Application of Information Technology (76.2%), Problem Resolution (76.2%), Diversity (76.2%) and Teamwork (71.4%). Furthermore, students highlighted the importance of agile practices and the use of Hands On as main influences for the development and improvement of non-technical skills.
Um sistema web para auxiliar soluções na conformidade com a LGPD
Authors: Frej Matheus , Pereira Ivonildo , Ferreira Waldemar , Soares Sergio
Published: October 2024

A conformidade com a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) é de grande importância para as empresas brasileiras, visando garantir a proteção dos dados pessoais. Este trabalho propõe a melhoria de um checklist de conformidade com a LGPD, transformando-o em uma ferramenta web para facilitar a avaliação e a implementação das exigências legais. A construção da ferramenta incluiu análise do feedback de especialistas, com destaque para o especialista que avaliou o checklist inspirador. Além disso, o processo envolveu levantamento de requisitos, definição de critérios de melhoria, desenvolvimento e testes. A avaliação da ferramenta foi conduzida em projetos reais de empresas ligadas à inovação tecnológica. Os resultados da avaliação revelaram uma eficiência significativa na identificação e correção de lacunas de conformidade, destacando o potencial da ferramenta para melhorar a conformidade com a LGPD.
A New Integration Approach to support the Development of Build-time Micro Frontend Architecture Applications
Authors: Moraes Fernando Rodrigues de , Affonso Frank José
Published: October 2024

The Micro Frontend Architecture (MFA) is an innovative, scalable, and flexible architectural model supporting frontend software development. Despite the advantages of this architectural model, technologies that depend on packaging applications in compile time benefit from MFA using a build-time approach by splitting Micro Frontend Applications (MFApps) in packages, which makes this application incapable of performing a runtime interpretation of other MFApps. This paper introduces a new integration approach to support the development of build-time MFApps to overcome limitations related to the coupling of these applications. The proposed approach employs the concept of remote component rendering and the Backend for Frontend pattern to solve continuous delivery issues, provide runtime integration, and help teams scale their development process of MFApps. As a result, we observed that our integration approach enables the developers to work with MFA in a build-time approach as a runtime integration of MFApps.
On the Identification of Self-Admitted Technical Debt with Large Language Models
Authors: Lambert Pedro , Ishitani Lucila , Xavier Laerte
Published: October 2024

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) refers to a common practice in software engineering involving developers explicitly documenting and acknowledging technical debt within their projects. Identifying SATD in various contexts is a key activity for effective technical debt management and resolution. While previous research has focused on natural language processing techniques and specialized models for SATD identification, this study explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) for this task. We compare the performance of three LLMs - Claude 3 Haiku, GPT 3.5 turbo, and Gemini 1.0 pro - against the generalization of the state-of-the-art model designed for SATD identification. Additionally, we investigate the impact of prompt engineering on the performance of LLMs in this context. Our findings reveal that LLMs achieve competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art model. However, when considering the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), we observe that the LLM performance is less balanced, tending to score lower than the state-of-the-art model across all four confusion matrix categories. Nevertheless, with a well-designed prompt, we conclude that the models’ bias can be improved, resulting in a higher MCC score.
Evaluating Large Language Models in Detecting Test Smells
Authors: Lucas Keila , Gheyi Rohit , Soares Elvys , Ribeiro Márcio , Machado Ivan
Published: October 2024

Test smells are coding issues that typically arise from inadequate practices, a lack of knowledge about effective testing, or deadline pressures to complete projects. The presence of test smells can negatively impact the maintainability and reliability of software. While there are tools that use advanced static analysis or machine learning techniques to detect test smells, these tools often require effort to be used. This study aims to evaluate the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in automatically detecting test smells. We evaluated ChatGPT-4, Mistral Large, and Gemini Advanced using 30 types of test smells across codebases in seven different programming languages collected from the literature. ChatGPT-4 identified 21 types of test smells. Gemini Advanced identified 17 types, while Mistral Large detected 15 types of test smells. The LLMs demonstrated potential as a valuable tool in identifying test smells.
UAX: Measuring the Usability of TypeScript APIs
Authors: Zimmerle Carlos , Gama Kiev
Published: October 2024

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) have become an asset used everyday by developers looking for opportunities of code reuse. However, this ubiquity has led to numerous complexities, making the construction of good APIs challenging. Developers in fact often find APIs hard to learn and use. Therefore, usability has become a fundamental attribute for APIs in the last years, but it is often neglected by API designers. In reality, traditional user studies are frequently deemed expensive and difficult to interpret which stimulated the search for objective, and less expensive ways to measure API usability like metrics. The studies of metrics revealed good ways to measure API structurally, but the availability of publicly tools are either lacking or not being maintained. In this paper, we present UAX, a public tool that implements API usability metrics initially for TypeScript (a superset of JavaScript). We discuss its implementation and show its application to three reactive programming (RP) APIs with the help of a dashboard we also produced to help interpret the results. The evaluation showed that the RP APIs presented a high level of usability but with areas of improvements, like parameter consistency and API documentation. This demonstrates that the tool could support API designers to better plan the API construction and software engineering process, especially before the APIs get even released.
Perspective Chapter: The Dual Nature and Applications of Uranium
Authors: A. Chacon Angelica , R. Cabrera Carlos
Published: October 2024

Uranium is a unique element, characterized by its dual role as a valuable resource and a source of significant hazards. Widely used in industry, research, and medicine, uranium has played a pivotal role in shaping modern science and technology. Since the discovery of its fission properties in the early twentieth century, uranium has gained attention as a powerful and influential element. Historically, uranium’s role in the discovery of radioactivity marked a turning point in scientific research, and its ability to release immense energy through nuclear fission has transformed human history. From its destructive potential in warfare to its peaceful applications in electricity generation via nuclear power plants, uranium has had a profound impact. Furthermore, it has advanced medical science through the production of isotopes for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic treatments. However, increased demand for uranium has led to expanded mining and milling processes, which pose public health risks due to environmental contamination. This chapter explores uranium’s legacy, highlighting its scientific significance while balancing the potential benefits with the inherent risks associated with its use. The discussion underscores the need for careful consideration and management of uranium’s dual nature as both a powerful resource and potential source of harm.
COMPLICATED THERMAL HISTORY OF THE LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE OF THE ANABAR REGION: RECONSTRUCTIONS BASED ON XENOCRYSTS FROM KIMBERLITES
Authors: Dymshits А. M. , Gladkochub E. A. , Kostrovitsky S. I.
Published: October 2024

The thermal history and thickness of the lithospheric mantlebeneath the kimberlite fields of the Eastern Anabar shield and adjacent territories of the Siberian craton were reconstructed based on the composition of clinopyroxene xenocrysts from the concentrate of kimberlite heavy fraction and mantle xenoliths. Garnet and spinel peridotites are most abundant in the lithospheric mantle beneath the five studied fields of the Siberian craton. Almost in all fields, the Mg# index of clinopyroxene decreases through depth. In the oldest Chomurdakh kimberlite field, both TiO2 and FeO contents vary slightly. The titanium oxide values markedly vary from 0 to 0.6 wt. % in the Triassic fields. The high titanium oxide contents in minerals are indicative of deep­seated metasomatic transformations of lithospheric mantle blocks in the northern Yakutia kimberlite province. The geotherm was fitted to the PT data set in the Gtherm program with the model involved D. Hasterok and D. Champan. The thermal lithosphere beneath the studied fields retained the thermal thickness up to 260 km. In the period between 430 and 230 Ma, it underwent a significant metasomatic transformation resulting in the formation of high­Fe and high­Ti blocks. It appears, that the thermal thickness declined to 190–200 km only in the north of the Siberian craton during the Jurassic period. This assumption is verified by the values of lithosphere thickness beneath the northern Kuoika field.
GENESIS OF EXTREMELY MAGNESIAN DAUGHTER OLIVINE OF SECONDARY MELT INCLUSIONS FROM OLIVINE MACROCRYSTS IN KIMBERLITE FROM THE UDACHNAYA-EAST PIPE (SIBERIAN CRATON)
Authors: Tarasov A. A. , Golovin A. V.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of studies of daughter olivine within secondary melt inclusions marking healed cracks in olivine macrocrysts from unserpentinized kimberlite from the Udachnaya-East pipe. Macrocrysts compose four olivine generations: core olivine (Ol1); olivine marking healed cracks (Ol2); daughter olivine of melt inclusions (Ol3); thin outer rims of olivine (Olr) around macrocryst cores. The relationship between different olivine generations and variations in its chemical composition indicate that macrocrystal cores (Ol1) are grains or grain fragments of disintegrated mantle rocks; melt inclusions and Ol2 were formed due to infiltration of kimberlite melts into the grain cracks. Crystallization of a hybrid melt of inclusions and formation of an extremely magnesian daughter olivine (Ol3) occurred later, at lower PT conditions. Among the daughter minerals in the melt inclusions, in addition to Ol3 there were identified alkaline carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, oxides, and sulfides. It has been shown that the daughter olivine of melt inclusions (Ol3) has high Mg# (97–98) content, high MnO (0.18–0.41 wt. %) and CaO (0.12–0.25 wt. %) concentrations, and low NiO (0.02–0.04 wt. %) contents. The ratios between the daughter minerals of the melt inclusions indicate that the hybrid melt from which extremely magnesian olivine was formed was alkaline carbonate or silicate-carbonate liquid with a low water content. Our study directly showed for the first time that almost pure forsterite is able to be crystallized from evolved kimberlite melts of carbonate or silicate-carbonate composition, which confirms the previously proposed model for the formation of extremely magnesian outer rims of olivine crystals from worldwide kimberlites during crystallization of evolved kimberlite melts of carbonate composition.
PREDICTION OF THE PRIMARY SOURCES OF GIANT CLIPPIR DIAMONDS IN THE NORTH OF YAKUTIA BY THE METHOD OF MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALOGY (METHOD 5E DIAGRAMS)
Authors: Ivanov A. S. , Zinchenko V. N. , Ashchepkov I. V. , Babushkina S. A. , Oleinikov O. B. , Shelkov P. N.
Published: October 2024

The finds of giant CLIPPIR-type diamonds in the placers hosted by the Ebelyakh River basin in the north of Yakutia suggest that similar diamonds can be found in the kimberlites of the Anabar region and the nearest northern deposits located within the collisional Khapchan and Daldyn terranes. To predict the discovery of such diamonds, the authors use the 5E diagram method based on the principle of similarity of the compositions of five oxides of satellite minerals (Grt, Cpx, Chr and Ilm) of diamond (DSM) with the reference diagrams for the Karowe pipe (K-6, Botswana) with the composition of those for any other pipe. It was previously shown that the convergence of the DSM compositions of the Karowe and V. Grib (Arkhangelsk diamond province) pipes is 74 %, which might indicate possible presence of CLIPPIR diamonds in the predicted pipe. The application of this technique to two kimberlite pipes of the Anabar region demonstrated that the probability of detecting such diamonds in the Leningrad pipe (Lower Devonian, medium diamond content potential) is 74 %, and in the Malokuonamskaya pipe (Lower Triassic, medium diamond content) is 20 %. A comparison of diagrams 5E and additional PTС – fO2 diagrams of reconstructed sections of the lithospheric mantle showed their efficiency in predicting favorable conditions of CLIPPIR-type diamond crystallization. It is assumed that formation of such diamonds may occur within the proto-kimberlite magmatic chamber located near the boundary of the lithosphere and associated with the asthenospheric source. It should be surrounded by low-oxidized carbon-rich mantle eclogites and dunites with high pressure and temperature, as well as magnesium-rich ilmenite-chromite metasomatites. The use of the 5E diagram method, as the approach to predict giant CLIPPIR diamonds in poorly diamondiferous kimberlites, might attract investing for exploration to audit the industrial potential of a series of such kimberlites in the Anabar region. Its implementation would significantly increase the efficiency of geological exploration and assessment of the potential of poorly diamondiferous pipes that have been suspended as subeconomic.
AGE AND GEODYNAMIC SETTINGS FOR FORMATION OF CARBONATITE COMPLEXES AND ASSOCIATED RARE METAL DEPOSITS OF THE SOUTH URAL
Authors: Nedosekova I. L.
Published: October 2024

The Ilmen-Vishnevogorsky and Buldym carbonatite complexes occurring in the Southern Urals represent linear deformed carbonatite complexes. Their origin, as well as the age and geodynamic conditions remain the subject of debate. The isochron methods (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, TIMS) and local U-Pb-dating of zircons (SHRIMP II and LA-ICP MS) of these carbonatite complexes were employed to determine the age and duration of the stages of alkali-carbonatite magmatism and associated rare-metal ore formation. The Silurian-Devonian U-Pb zircon ages of the early phases of Ilmen-Vishnevogorsky miaskites and carbonatites were determined as 420.7±11 Ma (S2) and 417±2.8 Ma (D1), respectively. In the later phases of miaskites and carbonatites, early zircons are resorbed, they have broken isotope systems, and later zircon generations form a cluster of 386±7.6 Ma (D2). The Lower Permian U-Pb age of zircon 280±8 Ma (P1) was determined in the miaskite-pegmatite and late carbonatite. The isochron dating of late ore-bearing varieties of carbonatites provided the ages from the Lower Permian to the Early Triassic (P1–T1): 254±18 Ma, Sm-Nd and 247±4 Ma, Rb-Sr, IVC; 280±53 Ma, Sm-Nd, Buldym complex. Thus, the generation and intrusion of alkaline magmas in the Urals occurred ~420 Ma (S2–D1), synchronously with the formation of island-arc complexes. They are related to rifting on the emerging continental margins. The tectonic activity and formation of alkaline rocks and carbonatites proceeded in the Middle Devonian (~380 Ma, D2); it correlates with the accretion-collision stage of the Urals development. At the stage of "hard" collision (~280 Ma, P1), the Ilmen-Vishnevogorsky and Buldym complexes were plastically deformed, underwent melting and emplaced conformably with collision-slip tectonic structures. Recrystallization of rocks and minerals, plastic and brittle deformations, processes of pegmatitic, carbonatitic and rare-metal ore formation are associated with palingenic-metasomatic transformation of rifting alkaline complexes of Silurian-Devonian age at the collision and post-collision (~250 Ma, P3–T1) stages of the Urals emplacement.
MICA COMPOSITION REFLECTING CONDITIONS OF AILLIKITE FORMATION IN ZIMA COMPLEX OF EASTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Savelyeva V. B. , Danilova Yu. V. , Bazarova E. P. , Danilov B. S. , Khromova E. A.
Published: October 2024

Four types of mica were identified in the macrocryst and fine porphyry aillikites from the Yarma zone of the Urik-Ija graben considering specific features of morphology, chemical composition, zonation and crystallization conditions. Mica of the first type was found in macrocryst aillikites. It is available as deformed phlogopite macrocrysts rich in TiO2 (2.5–5.7 wt. %) with varying content of Cr2O3 (from detection limit to 2.0 wt. %) and Mg# 0.87–0.89 and 0.79–0.81 in different dikes. In chemical composition this phlogopite corresponds to the secondary phlogopite from mantle xenoliths, and it was obviously captured by protoaillikite melt form the rocks of the lithosphere mantle. Mica of type 2 represents phlogopite from groundmass and infrequent phenocrysts in fine porphyry aillikites and groundmass of macrocryst aillikites. In this phlogopite, TiO2 content varies in different dikes from 0.7 to 6.0 wt. %, Mg# index varies from 0.70 to 0.90. Phlogopite crystallized within the upper crust at temperature ranging from 840 to 680 °С. Mica of type 3 represents biotite (Mg# 0.40–0.65), producing rims around phlogopite and independent grains in fine porphyry and in places in macrocryst aillikites. The rims crystallized from residual Fe-rich melt at moderately heightened fO2, the temperature of biotite formation reached 700‒760 °C. Mica of type 4 is available in macrocryst aillikites as biotite (Mg# 0.40‒0.67) with phlogopite rims. It was inferred, that this biotite crystallized in intermediate magmatic chambers in the upper crust from essentially carbonate melts, separated through crystallization differentiation from protoaillikite magmas and captured by new portions of less differentiated melts. Obtained data point to metasomatic transformation of the lithosphere mantle, preceding to protoaillikite melting, under the southern margin of the Siberian craton. Thus, we may assume existence in the upper crust of the sites composed of partially crystallized melt.
PALEOZOIC INTRAPLATE MAGMATISM OF THE EAST EUROPEAN PLATFORM: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PRIPYAT-DNIEPER-DONETS RIFT ZONE AND THE KOLA-ARKHANGELSK PROVINCE
Authors: Yutkina E. V. , Kargin A. V. , Nosova A. A. , Kuzmenkova O. F. , Sazonova L. V. , Kondrashov I. A.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comparative analysis of geochronological, geochemical, Sr-Nd isotopic data and geodynamic conditions for the Devonian magmatism of the East European Platform, using as an example the Pripyat-Dnieper-Donets rift zone in the south of the platform and the Kola alkaline province in the north.

The Late Paleozoic rifting in the south of the platform was accompanied by magmatism, which formed a wide range of rocks, from alkaline-ultramafic lamprophyres and orangeites, non-diamondiferous kimberlites and carbonatites to typical tholeiites, trachyandesites, and trachyrhyodacites. Activation of rifting processes in the north of the platform has also produced a compositional diversity of magmatic occurrences dominated by kimberlites, in particular diamondiferous (Arkhangelsk diamond-bearing province), which is the main distinctive feature of the place. The Pripyat-Dnieper-Donets rift zone is subject to reverse lateral geochemical zonality of the mantle sources – from those depleted in the axial zone of the Dnieper-Donets trough to more enriched in the marginal parts – trough shoulders (Azov region, Voronezh crystalline massif): along the southeast to northwest axis of the rift zone to the Zhlobin saddle (orangeites, alkaline picrites of the Zhlobin alkaline-ultramafic complex) and in the Pripyat trough (Pripyat alkaline and subalkaline mafic complex) as well was perpendicular to the axis from the central part of the Dnieper-Donets trough to the southwest towards the Eastern Azov region (non-diamondiferous kimberlites) and to the northeast towards the Voronezh crystalline massif.

Currently available petrological-mineralogical and isotopic-geochemical data on magmatites of both large magmatic structures suggest significant lithospheric heterogeneity, different types of sources of formation of rocks, and a significant influence exerted by the crustal component both in the southern and northern parts of the East European platform.
The Current Progress of Artificial Intelligence in Approach to Thyroid Nodules: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yazdanpanahi Parsa , Atighi Farnaz , Keshtkar Alireza , Hamidi Reza , Rezaeimanesh Mohamadali , Karimi Alireza , Naseri Arzhang , Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) can play a significant role in the future of thyroidology. Thyroid nodules are common conditions that may benefit from AI through more accurate and efficient diagnosis, risk stratification, and medical or surgical management. Objective: This paper aims to review the latest developments in AI applications for diagnosing and managing thyroid nodules and cancers. Methods: English full-text articles published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases from January 2014 to March 2024 were collected and reviewed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. A total of 45 studies were selected based on relevance, robust methodology, statistical significance, and broader topic coverage. Results: Artificial intelligence has emerged as a powerful tool for managing thyroid nodules. First, several studies have demonstrated how AI-powered ultrasound interpretation enhances the diagnosis and classification of nodules while reducing the need for invasive fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. Second, AI significantly improves the cytopathological differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules by minimizing reliance on pathologists' expertise and implementing standardized diagnostic criteria. When cytopathology is inconclusive, AI also aids in identifying molecular markers from omics data, distinguishing between normal and cancerous cells. Moreover, AI tools have been developed for prognosis assessment, predicting distant metastasis, recurrence, and surveillance by integrating medical imaging features with molecular and clinical factors. Additionally, some AI tools are designed for intraoperative evaluation, improving surgical techniques and reducing complications during thyroidectomy. In non-surgical treatments, several models have been developed to optimize therapeutic doses of radioactive iodine (RAI) and predict the outcomes of new drug formulations. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence has the potential to assist physicians in accurate thyroid nodule diagnosis, classification, decision-making, optimizing treatment strategies, and improving patient outcomes. However, there are still limitations to this technology. Artificial intelligence-driven tools require further advancements before they can be fully integrated into clinical practice and replace specialists.
ÖZEL SEKTÖR ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE ALGILANAN ÖRGÜTSEL DESTEĞİN KONTROL ODAĞINA ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Altıntaş Mustafa , Korkmaz Murat , Korkmaz Fatma
Published: October 2024

Algılanan örgütsel destek örgütün çalışanlarına karşı vermiş olduğu değer ve bunun sonucunda çalışanın refahına yansımasının çalışan tarafından algılanmasını ifade etmekte ve bu destek çalışanı birçok yönden olumlu etkiyebilmektedir. Diğer yandan kontrol odağı ise bireyin yaşadıkları olaylar ve sonuçları üzerinde ne ölçüde kontrol sahibi olabildikleri inancını ifade etmektedir. Algılanan örgütsel desteğin kontrol odağı üzerinde güçlendirici bir faktör olabileceği düşüncesinden hareketle bu araştırmanın amacı algılanan örgütsel desteğin kontrol odağı üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda anket yöntemi kullanılan araştırmada nicel araştırma deseni tercih edilmiş ve Nevşehir’de faaliyet gösteren işletmelerde çalışanlara anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modelinin ve Smart-PLS programının analiz amacıyla kullanıldığı araştırmada 515 kişiden anket toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre algılanan örgütsel desteğin kontrol odağı üzerinde pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum algılanan örgütsel desteğin kontrol odağı üzerinde önemli düzeyde etkili olduğunu ve avantajları olabileceğini göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla örgütlerin çalışanlara yönelik uygulanacak politikaları daha destekleyici olarak uygulamaları, bireysel ve örgütsel çıktıları pozitif yönde etkileyebilir.
Clima organizacional em cooperativas de crédito: validação de versão reduzida
Authors: Bento Marcia Helena dos Santos , Madruga Lúcia Rejane da Rosa Gama , Stecca Jaime Peixoto , Estivalete Vania de Fátima Barros
Published: October 2024

O clima organizacional tem sido uma das variáveis mais investigadas e relaciona-se diretamente com o estudo das percepções construídas pelos indivíduos sobre o seu trabalho (MENEZES; GOMES, 2010). As organizações, por vezes, optam por estratégias que as diferenciem dentro de seu nicho de mercado, podendo apoiar-se na construção de ambientes de trabalho propícios para a diferenciação desejada. Devido a importância do tema Clima Organizacional e às especificidades inerentes às sociedades cooperativas, bem como, a necessidade de escalas que possam ser práticas em sua aplicação e análise, esse estudo propõe validar uma escala reduzida de clima organizacional para cooperativas de crédito. O instrumento utilizado foi traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente para a realidade das cooperativas de crédito brasileiras. Participaram da pesquisa 381 colaboradores de três cooperativas de crédito do Rio Grande do Sul. Após a análise fatorial exploratória, validou-se uma escala de 12 itens para as cooperativas de crédito.
Unveiling Gender Dynamics in Strategic Risk-Taking and Risk-Aversion Among Indonesian Executives
Authors: Steven Steven , Hanggraeni Dewi
Published: October 2024

In this research, we aims to examine how gender disparities among corporate leaders (executives) and their level of risk aversion can impact the organization's strategic risk-taking. A questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data from executives in Indonesia holding minimum positions of senior manager (BOD-1), director or commissioner (C-Level). Standard behavioral economics expected utility approach is employed to quantify the degree of risk aversion, while respondents will also make investment choices to assess their inclination towards strategic risk-taking. The research employed the t-test and linear logistic regression analysis to examine the hypothesis. The research findings indicate that female executives exhibit a higher degree of risk aversion compared to their male counterparts. In line with most st udies, risk averse executives prefer to engage in more cautious strategic risk-taking. Nevertheless, there are no discernible disparities between female executives and male execautives when it comes to engaging in strategic risk-taking.
Responsibility of Land Deed Officials: Implications of Legal Convergence on the Harmonization and Integration of Collateral Law and Telematics Law
Authors: Azwarni Sinaga Nelly , Nurlinda Ida , Yamin Muhammad , Zaidar Zaidar
Published: October 2024

The dynamics of the convergence of telematics law within the national legal system, notably in the area of land, are represented by the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning's Regulation Number 5 of 2020, which also serves as the head of the National Land Agency. One of the effects of land digitization is the Ministerial Regulation, which has changed the mortgage rights registration process from a traditional system to an electronic or digital one. Despite being virtual, the digitalization of Mortgage Rights registration involves actual legal actions with clear legal ramifications. The Land Deed Official is directly involved in the electronic execution of Mortgage Rights, which is governed by the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning / Head of the National Land Agency number 5 of 2020. The objective of this study is to investigate the consequences of the convergence of the Law on Mortgage Rights and the Telecommunication Law. This convergence results in the creation of digital-based Mortgage Rights via an integrated Electronic Mortgage Registration system, which is also known as the Electronic Mortgage System. The role and obligations of the Land Deed Official are also affected by this.  This study employs a prescriptive, normative-juridical methodology. Based on the research findings, it is known that the conversion of the collateral registration system from a traditional system to a digital system is affected by the convergence of telematics legislation and the law of collateral guarantees. Because of the discord and breakdown of the Mortgage Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the Regulations of the Land Deed Official, this also affects the status and legal obligations of the Land Deed Official, who fails to maintain the principle of justice..
Legal Control of Pasturelands in the Comunidad de aldeas de Daroca (Aragon, Spain) during the 15th–16th Centuries: Tensions, Conflicts, Lawsuits and Treaties
Authors:   Université Toulouse 2 Jean Jaurès – Laboratoire TRACES/UMR 5608;
Universidad de Zaragoza, ALLUÉ ANDRÉS LYDIA C.
Published: October 2024

The seizure of the territories that ended up forming the disappeared Comunidad de aldeas de Daroca began in the 12th-century, when Christian troops took these lands from the Muslims. Among the new settlers cultivating and protecting these conquered domains were many livestock owners from the north of the Kingdom of Aragon who had left their home due to increasing demographic pressure and the lack of pasture. In and around Daroca, their herding activities were regulated in the fuero (charter) of Daroca and in the successive ordinances of the Comunidad. The population increase in the 13th and 14th-centuries, along with the growing economic importance of livestock, led to disputes over the possession and exploitation of agricultural and herding spaces not only within the villages or between neighbouring villages of the Comunidad de aldeas de Daroca, but also with other nearby institutions, such as the Comunidad de aldeas de Teruel or the Casa de Ganaderos de Zaragoza. This chapter examines the tensions and treaties related to the control of pasturelands and herding activities in the Comunidad de aldeas de Daroca during the 15th and 16th-centuries. By the 15th-century, these conflicts generated numerous lawsuits and ended up being economically unsustainable for the Comunidad, which was going through many difficulties – economic and demographic crises, widespread poverty, etc. – derived from the Late Medieval crises. At the beginning of the 16th-century, a number of agreements and concords were reached, although they did not lead to a long-term easing of the problems.
Inside and Outside a Monopoly: Transhumant Pastoralists and the Public Management of Pastures in Southern Tuscany (14th–15th c.)
Authors:   Université libre de Bruxelles / FNRS, CRISTOFERI DAVIDE
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on the interaction between transhumant pastoralists and Sienese officials within the public management of pastures in the late medieval city-state of Siena. Between 1353 and 1419, a monopolistic system of accessing common and private pastures in Southern Tuscany, called Dogana dei Paschi, was developed and established by Siena by means of law enforcement, commons expropriation and military conquest. The aim was to provide winter grazing to transhumant herds from the Apennines, the Latium and the Sienese territory in exchange of fiscal revenues. The Dogana, however, suffered from external competition and lack of control, while highly depending on foreign herds from beyond the Sienese borders. Outside the Sienese monopoly of pasturages, transhumant pastoralists were entrepreneurs, livestock owners, and shepherds with freedom of movement because of their citizenship, while under the rule of the Dogana they formed an heterogeneous pastoral community, called vergaria, provided with a special legal status, rights and duties. In both cases, pastoralists and the vergaria were in constant bargaining with Sienese officials in order to be able to graze as much and to pay as less as possible. In this regard, they contributed to shaping the legal framework of the Dogana. Examining archival records from Siena, such as laws, deliberations and trials recorded in the 14th and 15th centuries, this paper explores the legal definition, regulation and perception of transhumant pastoralists in Tuscany. It moreover analyses their bargaining power and interactions with Sienese officials concerning frauds, collusion and trespassing inside and outside Sienese borders, in order to shed light on the social structure and provenance of herders and livestock owners in late medieval Tuscany.