bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic shapes of floppy vesicles enclosing active Brownian particles with membrane adhesion
Authors: Iyer Priyanka , Gompper Gerhard , Fedosov Dmitry A.
Published: April 2023

The combined effect of self-propulsion and membrane adhesion of colloidal particles in a fluid vesicle is studied numerically. Novel ring-, sheet-, and branched-polymer-like particle arrangements are obtained.
Analytical propagation on relative motion of geostationary earth orbit satellites with orbital perturbations
Authors: Zhang Dali , Li Li , Ma Guangcheng , Xia Hongwei , Wang Changhong
Published: April 2023

An accurate description of the relative motion of satellites is critical for space missions in the complex geostationary earth orbit space environment. Here, a new relative motion model is established considering major perturbations. To avoid the singularity of the classical orbital elements, a set of quasi‐non‐singular orbital elements are used to represent the relative motion states, which is further extended by considering the SRP coefficient difference. On the basis of existing classical model, an analytical model is derived by taking the Taylor expansion of the time derivative of the perturbation functions to the first order in the neighbourhood of the reference satellite, which contains the earth's oblateness perturbation, the third‐body perturbations and the solar radiation pressure perturbation. This method avoids solving the complex differential equations of relative motion directly and provides a general framework for including arbitrary perturbations into the model. The new model is verified in uncontrolled natural relative motion scenarios and position‐keeping control scenario, respectively. The results show that the proposed model has high accuracy and strong competitiveness.
Stabilisation for discrete‐time mean‐field stochastic Markov jump systems with multiple delays
Authors: Di Jianying , Tan Cheng , Zhang Zhengqiang , Wong Wing Shing
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the operator spectrum theory is applied to study the general stabilisation issues for mean‐field stochastic Markov jump systems (MF‐SMJSs), where multiple delays, multiplicative noises and homogeneous Markov chain exist simultaneously. The innovative contributions are described as follows. On the one hand, a feasible model augmented strategy is adopted to transform the dynamics into an auxiliary delay‐free form. By introducing a delay‐dependent linear Lyapunov operator (DDLLO), the Lyapunov/spectrum stabilising conditions are constructed, which are both necessary and sufficient. On the other hand, in terms of spectral analysis technique, the notions of interval stabilisation and essential destabilisation are generalised to MF‐SMJSs for the first time. The necessary and sufficient stabilisation conditions are derived, respectively, which can be verified availably by LMI feasibility tests. To confirm the effectiveness of the theoretic results, two illustrative examples are included.
Dynamic power management for all‐electric ships based on data‐driven propulsion power modelling
Authors: Luo Yingbing , Fang Sidun , Niu Tao , Liao Ruijin
Published: April 2023

Among all types of onboard load demands in all‐electric ships (AESs), the propulsion power predominates (usually >70%), and a large‐scale hybrid energy storage system (HESS) tends to be installed to provide multi‐timescale flexibility. A two‐part dynamic power management method is therefore proposed consisting of a novel multi‐scenario propulsion power model, which models the impacts of floating conditions separately from other uncertain factors, and a three‐layer dynamic allocation strategy based on feedforward control to coordinate the main/auxiliary generators and the HESS. Three case studies are adopted to verify the validity of the proposed method, including a real‐time simulation experiment in RT‐Lab. The proposed method has three advantages: (1) the proposed multi‐scenario propulsion power model accounts for power fluctuations brought by floating conditions, which greatly alleviates the required regulating flexibility for AESs; (2) the proposed three‐layer dynamic power allocation strategy better shares the power demand on the main/auxiliary generators and the HESS, which reduces battery power fluctuations and prevents the overdischarging/overcharging of HESS; and (3) the RT‐Lab experiment proves that the proposed method can be used in real‐time applications for AESs.
Using digital technologies to plan and manage the pipelines network in city
Authors: Huang Yufang , Peng Hongtao , Wen Luxin , Xing Tingyan
Published: April 2023

Promoting the intelligent level of urban pipelines network planning and management is an important way to improve the rational development and utilisation of urban underground space and ensure the safe operation of urban infrastructure systems. The research on using the rapid and visual expression technology of 3D pipelines network model data, which has the functions of techno‐economic indexes calculation and automatic comparison of underground pipeline construction projects, effectively avoids possible errors in manual calculation and comparison and improves the efficiency and accuracy of the digital declaration process for project planning. In the 3D Geographic Information Systems (GIS) platform environment, this research help to develop many analysis and approval functions based on the data of the underground pipelines network model and the integrated pipes gallery Building Information Modelling, such as evaluating the compliance, feasibility and scientific of the planning scheme of the underground pipeline construction project, comparing the completion data with the data approved by the administrative departments of the project, evaluating the consistency of them and judging the compliance of the project completion data. The application results of some actual projects cases show that this research can improve the efficiency of planning declaration and approval analysis.
Retinal Periphlebitis May Be a Marker for Subphenotype in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rebane Reili , Sonajalg Katrin , Kree Kaarel , Pulges Kristel , Chaloupka Karla , Vilisaar Janek
Published: April 2023

Retinal periphlebitis (RPP) is a long-known entity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and has not been revisited in the context of recent developments in MS pathogenesis and
heterogeneity. We present six cases of RPP in three female and three male MS patients. They all have relapsing-remitting MS and did not have or had minor ocular symptoms. It is important to
perform a thorough retinal examination in patients with MS, as peripheral and sectorial lesions could be unseen. A better knowledge on the concomitant involvement of retinal veins
contributes to the understanding of immunopathology, with potentially distinct autoantigenic targets. RPP might serve as a subphenotype marker that may influence treatment choices in MS.
Further research is needed.
Morphology of Serous Retinal Detachment in Morning Glory Optic Disc Anomaly in a Patient before and after Treatment with Systemic Carboanhydrase Inhibitors
Authors: Sinner Veronika , Valmaggia Christophe , Todorova Margarita
Published: April 2023

Background Morning glory optic disc anomaly (MGODA) is a rare congenital defect of the optic nerve head. The optic nerve is enlarged, and its conical excavation is filled with glial
tissue. It may be associated with cerebral malformations and ocular complications, whereas serous retinal detachment occurs in 38% of affected patients. Surgical treatment of detachment
showed poor visual outcome in the past and conservative treatment options are scarce.

Case A woman with MGODA presented in our clinic with sudden vision loss due to serous retinal detachment. She denied any previous ophthalmological problems and her past medical
history was unremarkable. Vision testing showed normal visual acuity in her left eye and finger counting in her right eye. Slit lamp examination was unremarkable. Fundus examination of the
right eye showed retinal detachment without holes or traction membranes and an enlarged optic disc with raised peripapillary tissue and glial tissue in the center of the optic disc. Due to
the pathognomonic otpic disc finding, we diagnosed MGODA complicated by a serous retinal detachment. We treated the patient with systemic carboanhydrase inhibitors and documented the initial
clinical findings as well as the course of disease under treatment by optical coherent tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF), and visual field testing. During follow-up, we
detected noticeable subretinal fluid regression and improvement in visual acuity.

Conclusion The application of oral carboanhydrase inhibitors appears to be a valid therapeutic option in patients with MGODA-associated serous macular detachment. OCT and FAF imaging
are useful modalities for documentation of subretinal fluid regression and structural changes in the peripapillary region.
Feasibility and Clinical Utility of Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Compared to Ultrawide-Field Fluorescein Angiography in Patients with Diabetic
Retinopathy
Authors: Bajka Anahita , Bacci Tommaso , Wiest Maximilian Robert Justus , Brinkmann Max , Hamann Timothy , Toro Mario , Zweifel Sandrine Anne
Published: April 2023

Purpose To test the diagnostic performance of a novel wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) device in detecting retinal non-perfusion (NP) and
neovascularization (NV) in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to compare this with the standard-of-care imaging method, ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography (UWFFA).

Methods Prospective, observational, cross-sectional single-center study evaluating patients with DR imaged with WF-OCTA (Xephilio OCT-S1; Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) and UWFFA (Optos
California; Optos plc, Dunfermline, United Kingdom). WF-OCTA images of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) consisted of single capture 23 × 20 mm scans centered on the fovea. In UWFFA and
WF-OCTA, qualitative and quantitative measurements were assessed to analyze retinal NP and NV. Vessel density (VD) in WF-OCTA and ischemic index (ISI) in UWFFA were calculated.
Qualitatively, the presence of NV and NP was assessed in both WF-OCTA (posterior pole/midperipheral retina) and UWFFA (posterior pole/midperipheral retina/far peripheral retina).

Results Ten consecutive patients with variable DR severity stages (17 eyes) were evaluated. Two eyes had to be excluded due to low quality of the WF-OCTA images. Therefore, 15 eyes
were included for final analysis. Mean age was 57 years (± SD: 15.2) and the male : female ratio was 4 : 6. UWFFA identified retinal NP in 11 eyes (73%). Posterior pole NP was present in
eight eyes, midperiphery NP was present in eight eyes, and far periphery NP was present in seven eyes. Retinal NV was detected in four eyes using UWFFA (two eyes with only midperiphery NV).
WF-OCTA detected retinal NP in 11 eyes (9 cases with both posterior pole and midperiphery NP). NV was detected in three eyes (two with posterior pole and midperipheral NV, four with only
midperipheral NV). Mean VD evaluated using WF-OCTA of the SCP was 0.40 (± SD: 0.1), and mean ISI in UWFFA was 0.09 (± SD: 1.3). Spearmanʼs test did not show a significant correlation between
the ISI in UWFFA and VD in WF-OCTA (p = 0.803).

Conclusions Noninvasive WF-OCTA has great potential for the management of patients with DR. This new imaging modality might be useful in daily clinical routine in order to lower the
number of invasive examinations. However, in a small percentage of patients, OCTA images cannot be reliably graded for the presence of NP and NV. In these cases, conventional FA needs to be
performed.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion after COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Chau Isabelle , Eandi Chiara , Guex-Crosier Yan
Published: April 2023

Introduction Central retinal vein occlusions are not well-known complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe a case of central retinal vein occlusion secondary to COVID-19, and
a review of the literature was performed.

History and Signs A 47-year-old woman with no underlying ocular or medical condition presented to the hospital complaining about sudden onset of multiple scotomas in her left eye. A
COVID-19 infection was confirmed 2 days previously by a PCR test that was performed 2 days after the onset of symptoms. Medical history revealed no risk factors and no oral contraception.
Her best-corrected visual acuity was 1.0 in the right eye and 0.04 in the left eye. Clinical exam showed a left relative afferent pupillary defect and a nasally localized papilledema on
fundoscopy of the left eye. Multiple dot and blot hemorrhages were also present. Optical coherence tomography revealed cystoid macular edema and paracentral acute middle maculopathy. The
results of the fluoresceine angiography were consistent with central retinal vein occlusion. Laboratory workup later revealed an elevated fibrinogen level, corresponding to the
COVID-19-induced hypercoagulable state. No other prothrombotic conditions were found. The patient immediately received an intravitreal injection of Lucentis (ranibizumab) after diagnosis.
Complete resolution of the retinal hemorrhages and papilledema was observed 1.5 months after treatment and the final visual acuity was 1.25 in the left eye.

Conclusion Coagulation abnormalities are frequently observed in infectious diseases such as COVID-19 infection and the resulting prothrombotic state can sometimes lead to retinal
vascular complications, including central retinal vein occlusion, irrespective of the presence of other classical risk factors. The consideration of this information could help clinicians
establish a prompt diagnosis and therefore appropriate treatment, which could hopefully lead to complete healing of retinal lesions.
Determinants of customer recovery in retail banking—lessons from a German banking case study
Authors: Hübner Felix , Herberger Tim Alexander , Charifzadeh Michel
Published: April 2023

Due to the increased willingness of retail banking customers to switch and churn their banking relationships, a question arises: Is it possible to win back lost customers, and if so, is such a possibility even desirable after all economic factors have been considered? To answer these questions, this paper examines selected determinants for the recovery of terminated customer–bank relationships from the perspective of former customers. This study therefore evaluates for the first time, empirically and systematically with reference to a German Sparkasse as a case-study setting, whether lost customers have a sufficient general willingness to return (GWR) a retail banking relationship. From our results, a correlation is shown between the GWR a banking relationship and some specific determinants: seeking variety, attractiveness of alternatives and customer satisfaction with the former business relationship. In addition, we show that a customer’s GWR varies depending on the reason for churn and is surprisingly greater when the customer defected for reasons that lie within the scope of the customer himself. Despite the case-study character, however, our results provide relevant insights for other banks and, in particular, this applies to countries with a comparable banking system.
TRAF3–EWSR1 signaling axis acts as a checkpoint on germinal center responses
Authors: Li Yanchuan , Zhu Lele , Ko Chun-Jung , Yang Jin-Young , Wang Hongjiao , Manyam Ganiraju , Wang Jing , Cheng Xuhong , Zhao Shuli , Jie Zuliang
Published: April 2023

The formation of germinal centers (GCs) is crucial for humoral immunity and vaccine efficacy. Constant stimulation through microbiota drives the formation of constitutive GCs in Peyer’s patches (PPs), which generate B cells that produce antibodies against gut antigens derived from commensal bacteria and infectious pathogens. However, the molecular mechanism that regulates this persistent process is poorly understood. We report that Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1 (EWSR1) is a brake to constitutive GC generation and immunoglobulin G (IgG) production in PPs, vaccination-induced GC formation, and IgG responses. Mechanistically, EWSR1 suppresses Bcl6 upregulation after antigen encounter, thereby negatively regulating induced GC B cell generation and IgG production. We further showed that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 3 serves as a negative regulator of EWSR1. These results established that the TRAF3–EWSR1 signaling axis acts as a checkpoint for Bcl6 expression and GC responses, indicating that this axis is a therapeutic target to tune GC responses and humoral immunity in infectious diseases.
CD30 co-stimulation drives differentiation of protective T cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Foreman Taylor W. , Nelson Christine E. , Sallin Michelle A. , Kauffman Keith D. , Sakai Shunsuke , Otaizo-Carrasquero Francisco , Myers Timothy G. , Barber Daniel L.
Published: April 2023

Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires generation of T cells that migrate to granulomas, complex immune structures surrounding sites of bacterial replication. Here we compared the gene expression profiles of T cells in pulmonary granulomas, bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood of Mtb-infected rhesus macaques to identify granuloma-enriched T cell genes. TNFRSF8/CD30 was among the top genes upregulated in both CD4 and CD8 T cells from granulomas. In mice, CD30 expression on CD4 T cells is required for survival of Mtb infection, and there is no major role for CD30 in protection by other cell types. Transcriptomic comparison of WT and CD30−/− CD4 T cells from the lungs of Mtb-infected mixed bone marrow chimeric mice showed that CD30 directly promotes CD4 T cell differentiation and the expression of multiple effector molecules. These results demonstrate that the CD30 co-stimulatory axis is highly upregulated on granuloma T cells and is critical for protective T cell responses against Mtb infection.
Enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in geometrically frustrated cluster spin glass systems
Authors: Zimmer F M , Mourão R , Schmidt M , Tumelero M A , Magalhaes S G
Published: April 2023

In this work, we theoretically demonstrate that a strong enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect is achieved in geometrically frustrated cluster spin-glass systems just above the freezing temperature. We consider a network of clusters interacting randomly which have triangular structure composed of Ising spins interacting antiferromagnetically. The intercluster disorder problem is treated using a cluster spin glass mean-field theory, which allows exact solution of the disordered problem. The intracluster part can be solved using exact enumeration. The coupling between the inter and intracluster problem incorporates the interplay between effects coming from geometric frustration and disorder. As a result, it is shown that there is the onset of cluster spin glass phase even with very weak disorder. Remarkably, it is exactly within a range of very weak disorder and small magnetic field that is observed the strongest isothermal release of entropy.
A deep convolutional neural network model with two-stream feature fusion and cross-load adaptive characteristics for fault diagnosis
Authors: Pan Wujiu , Qu Haoyong , Sun Yinghao , Wang Minghai
Published: April 2023

Research aimed at diagnosing rolling bearing faults is of great significance to the health management of equipment. In order to solve the problem that rolling bearings are faced with variable operating conditions and the fault features collected are single in actual operation, a new lightweight deep convolution neural network model called FC-CLDCNN, composed of a convolution pooling dropout group with two-stream feature fusion and cross-load adaptive characteristics, is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. First, the original vibration signal is transformed into a one-dimensional frequency domain signal and a two-dimensional time-frequency graph by fast Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transform. Then, the one-dimensional frequency domain signal and two-dimensional time-frequency diagram are input into the two channels of the model respectively to extract and recognize the one-dimensional and two-dimensional features. Finally, the one-dimensional and two-dimensional features are combined in the fusion layer, and the fault types are classified in the softmax layer. FC-CLDCNN has the characteristics of two-stream feature fusion, which can give full consideration to the characteristics of rolling bearing fault data, so as to achieve efficient and accurate identification. The Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) dataset is used for training and testing, and it is proved that the proposed model has high classification accuracy and excellent adaptability across loads. The Machinery Failure Prevention Technology (MFPT) dataset was used to validate the excellent diagnostic performance and generalization of the proposed model.
A Hamiltonian graph model for the cooperative toughening of crystalline phases and covalent adaptable networks in semi-crystalline thermoset epoxy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lu Haibao , Elmarakbi Ahmed , Fu Yong-Qing
Published: April 2023

The existence of bond exchange reactions and covalent adaptable networks (CANs) in thermoset epoxy has facilitated its self-healing and reversible mechanical capabilities. However, the toughening mechanisms and cooperative coupling of these crystal phases and CANs in a semi-crystalline thermoset epoxy have not been well understood. In this study, a Hamiltonian graph model is formulated to examine toughening mechanisms in the semi-crystalline thermoset epoxy based on the vertices and paths, both of which are employed to describe the crystalline phases and CANs, respectively. A free-energy equation is also developed based on the tail and tie free energy functions to investigate the cooperative coupling of crystal phases and CANs. The crystal phases increase the cross-linking density of the CANs, which helps the crystal phases with a homogeneous dispersion. Moreover, an extended Maxwell model is developed along with the Hamiltonian graph to explore the coupling effect of crystal phase and CAN on the mechanical behaviors of semi-crystalline thermoset epoxy. A constitutive stress–strain relationship is then proposed to describe the self-healing and toughening behaviors of semi-crystalline thermoset epoxy. The stress–strain relationship of semi-crystalline polymers, which incorporates crystal phases and CANs, has been thoroughly investigated using the analytical results obtained from the proposed Hamiltonian graph model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified using the finite element analysis method and a set of experimental data.
Spacing ratio statistics of multiplex directed networks
Authors: Raghav Tanu , Jalan Sarika
Published: April 2023

Eigenvalues statistics of various many-body systems have been widely studied using the nearest neighbor spacing distribution under the random matrix theory framework. Here, we numerically analyze eigenvalue ratio statistics of multiplex networks consisting of directed Erdős-Rényi random networks layers represented as, first, weighted non-Hermitian random matrices and then weighted Hermitian random matrices. We report that the multiplexing strength rules the behavior of average spacing ratio statistics for multiplexing networks represented by the non-Hermitian and Hermitian matrices, respectively. Additionally, for both these representations of the directed multiplex networks, the multiplexing strength appears as a guiding parameter for the eigenvector delocalization of the entire system. These results could be important for driving dynamical processes in several real-world multilayer systems, particularly, understanding the significance of multiplexing in comprehending network properties.
Nonequilibrium Josephson diode effect in periodically driven SNS junctions
Authors: Soori Abhiram
Published: April 2023

In typical Josephson junctions, the Josephson current is an odd function of the superconducting phase difference. Recently, diode effect in Josephson junctions is observed in experiments wherein the maximum and the minimum values of the Josephson current in the current-phase relation do not have the same magnitude. We propose a superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) junction where Josephson diode effect manifests when the normal metal region is driven. Time reversal symmetry and inversion symmetry need to be broken in the SNS junction for the diode effect to show up. We calculate long time averaged current and show that the system exhibits diode effect for two configurations of the driven SNS junction - one in which inversion symmetry is broken in the undriven part of the Hamiltonian and the other wherein both the symmetries are broken by the driving potential. In the latter configuration, a nonzero current known as anomalous current appears at the junction in absence of phase bias. In the proposed setup, the diode effect vanishes in the adiabatic limit.
Joint remote state preparation in multi-hop network under noisy environment
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Chen Min
Published: April 2023

Joint remote state preparation is an important method to transmit quantum information with more senders and higher security. In this paper, we present a deterministic joint remote state preparation scheme in multi-hop network with two senders and N intermediate parties, using only projective measurements and recovery operations. We describe the scheme under the framework of density matrix to investigate the performance of the scheme in noisy environment. The relation of fidelity, noise rate and the number of intermediate nodes is given for three types of noise. It is revealed that the average fidelity attains its minimum when the noise rate is at the most uncertain point, decreases monotonically as the number of intermediate nodes increases. However, in some special cases, the average fidelity of the multi-hop scheme is greater than some existing one step joint remote state preparation scheme.
Shielding effectiveness study of CoZCF-MWCNT nanocomposite materials and its possible application as EM pollution reducer
Authors: Chakraborty Tanmoy , Sharma Shivam , Das Koustav , Mahapatra Abhik Sinha , Saha Aliva , Das Solanky , Saha Suman , Chakrabarti Sandip , Das Sukhen , Sutradhar Soumyaditya
Published: April 2023

In this article, Co0.40Zn0.40Cu0.20Fe2O4 (CoZCF) nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel method. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) micrographs delineate the proper encapsulation of the soft magnetic nanoparticles inside the matrix of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ensuring proper fabrication of the CoZCF-MWCNT nanocomposites. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of the multi-phase nature of CoZCF-MWCNT nanocomposites. The static magnetic development of the nanocomposites as a function of temperature and the shielding effectiveness behavior in X-band and Ku-band of microwave radiation have been studied herein. Different static magnetic quantities were extracted. The magnetic observation confirms the presence of ferrimagnetic state with magnetization of 48.4 and 44.8 emu g−1 respectively at room temperature (RT) in CoZCF-MWCNT nanocomposites. The variation of hysteresis loop area with the lowering of temperature depicts the transformation of CoZCF-MWCNT nanocomposites from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic state. The shielding effectiveness study was conducted in the X- and Ku- bands of electromagnetic radiation and the observation shows a high value of total shielding effectiveness (SET) of ∼ −31.3 dB corresponding to 10.7 GHz. This is due to the high of attenuation of > 99.9% and wide bandwidth. This improved SET of CoZCF-MWCNT nanocomposites gives us completely new insights for the construction of microwave absorber/Radar Absorbing Materials (RAMs) that can contest against harmful electromagnetic pollution.
Highly anisotropic Dirac fermion and spin transport properties in Cu-graphane
Authors: Wu Chao , Zhang Lichuan , Xia Lin , Hao Dong , Li Shiqi , Zhang Lizhi , Xie Yuee , Chen Yuanping
Published: April 2023

Inspired by the successful synthesis of hHv-graphane [Nano Lett.
15 903 (2015)], a new two-dimensional (2D) Janus material Cu-graphane is proposed based on the first-principles calculations. Without the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effect, Cu-graphane is a Dirac semimetal with a highly anisotropic Dirac cone, whose Fermi velocity ranges from 0.12 × 105 m/s to 2.9 × 105 m/s. The Dirac cone near the Fermi level can be well described with an extended 2D Dirac model Hamiltonian. In the presence of the SOC effect, band splitting is observed around the Fermi level, and a large intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (ISHC) with a maximum value of 346 (ℏ/e) S/cm is predicted. Moreover, the spin Hall transport can be regulated by slightly adjusting the Fermi energy, e.g., grid voltage or chemical doping. Our work not only proposes a new 2D Janus material with a highly anisotropic Dirac cone and a large ISHC, but also reveals that a large ISHC may exist in some Dirac systems.
Single-mode GaSb-based laterally coupled distributed-feedback laser for CO2 gas detection
Authors: Han 韩 Shi-Xian 实现 , Yan 严 Jin-Yi 进一 , Cao 曹 Chun-Fang 春芳 , Yang 杨 Jin 锦 , Du 杜 An-Tian 安天 , Chen 陈 Yuan-Yu 元宇 , Liu 刘 Ruo-Tao 若涛 , Wang 王 Hai-Long 海龙 , Gong 龚 Qian 谦
Published: April 2023

We report on a GaSb-based laterally coupled distributed feedback (LC-DFB) laser with Cr gratings operating at 2004 nm for CO2 detection application. Butterfly packaged with single-mode fiber pigtailed, the laser diode operates in the continuous-wave mode in a temperature range from −10 °C to 60 °C, with a maximum output power of 2 mW and a maximum side-mode suppression ratio over 30 dB. Wavelength-modulated absorption spectroscopy of CO2 demonstrates the applicability of the LC-DFB laser to tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, the diode junction temperature, which is measured by using the wavelength shift method, exhibits a maximum value of 17 °C in the single-mode operation range.
Ferroelectricity of pristine Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films fabricated by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Chen 陈 Luqiu 璐秋 , Zhang 张 Xiaoxu 晓旭 , Feng 冯 Guangdi 光迪 , Liu 刘 Yifei 逸飞 , Hao 郝 Shenglan 胜兰 , Zhu 朱 Qiuxiang 秋香 , Feng 冯 Xiaoyu 晓钰 , Qu 屈 Ke 可 , Yang 杨 Zhenzhong 振中 , Qi 祁 Yuanshen 原深 , Ivry Yachin , Dkhil Brahim , Tian 田 Bobo 博博 , Chu 褚 Junhao 君浩 , Duan 段 Chungang 纯刚
Published: April 2023

Hafnium-based ferroelectric films, remaining their ferroelectricity down to nanoscale thickness, present a promising application for low-power logic devices and nonvolatile memories. It has been appealing for researchers to reduce the required temperature to obtain the ferroelectric phase in hafnium-based ferroelectric films for applications such as flexible and wearable electronics. This work demonstrates that a remanent polarization (P
r) value of < 5 μC/cm2 can be obtained in as-deposited Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films that are fabricated by thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) under low temperature of 250 °C. The ferroelectric orthorhombic phase (o-phase) in the as-deposited HZO films is detected by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). This low fabrication temperature further extends the compatibility of ferroelectric HZO films to flexible electronics and avoids the cost imposed by following high-temperature annealing treatments.
Intercalation of hafnium oxide between epitaxially-grown monolayer graphene and Ir(111) substrate
Authors: Biao 表 Yi 奕 , Lu 路 Hong-Liang 红亮 , Peng 彭 Hao 浩 , Song 宋 Zhi-Peng 志朋 , Guo 郭 Hui 辉 , Lin 林 Xiao 晓
Published: April 2023

Intercalation of insulating materials between epitaxial graphene and the metal substrates is highly demanded to restore the intrinsic properties of graphene, and thus essential for the graphene-based devices. Here we demonstrate a successful solution for the intercalation of hafnium oxide into the interface between full-layer graphene and Ir(111) substrate. We first intercalate hafnium atoms beneath the epitaxial graphene. The intercalation of the hafnium atoms leads to the variation of the graphene moiré superstructure periodicity, which is characterized by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM). Subsequently, we introduce oxygen into the interface, resulting in oxidization of the intercalated hafnium. STM and Raman’s characterizations reveal that the intercalated hafnium oxide layer could effectively decouple the graphene from the metallic substrate, while the graphene maintains its high quality. Our work suggests a high-k dielectric layer has been successfully intercalated between high-quality epitaxial graphene and metal substrate, providing a platform for applications of large-scale, high-quality graphene for electronic devices.
Long-pulse H-mode operation with stored-energy monitoring for detachment feedback control with a new lower tungsten divertor in EAST
Authors: Tao Y.Q. , Xu G.S. , Wu K. , Yang Q.Q. , Wang L. , Yuan Q.P. , Wang Y.F. , Lin X. , Meng L.Y. , Ding G.F. , Yu L. , Chen R. , Liu J.B. , Yan N. , Lan H. , Sun P.J. , Li K.D. , Xu J.C. , Duan Y.M. , Zang Q. , Jin Y.F. , Zhang L. , Wang S.X. , Geng K.N. , Liang R.R.
Published: April 2023

One of the key challenges for future fusion research is to mitigate the high steady-state heat load on the divertor target plates, and divertor detachment offers a promising solution. The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has developed several feedback control methods for divertor detachment. However, when an off-normal event momentarily disturbs the main plasma, impurity seeding may still be conducted by these methods for detachment, which probably drives the main plasma further away from its stable equilibrium or even causes the disruption. These off-normal events include excessive impurity seeding, loss of heating and dust droplets, which are not rare in current tokamak experiments, especially in long-pulse operation. To compensate for the drawbacks of these methods, we propose and develop a module of stored-energy monitoring to ensure stable plasmas in long-pulse operation. The stored energy usually decreases when the main plasma is away from its stable equilibrium, which is suitable for monitoring the state of the main plasma. Once the stored energy falls below a certain threshold, the module actively switches off the impurity seeding system. Without impurity seeding, the main plasma can recover with the increase in the stored energy. Only when the stored energy exceeds another threshold does the module switch on the impurity seeding to continue the detachment operation. The module function has been verified during the EAST radiative divertor experiments in the newly-upgraded lower tungsten divertor. A typical ∼20 s discharge in grassy-ELM H-mode regime with ∼5 MW source heating power is demonstrated with divertor partial detachment and good energy confinement by active impurity seeding (50% neon, 50% D2). The energy confinement factor is maintained at a high level, i.e.

H

98
,
y
2

∼
1.1.

The electron temperature in the core region only has a slight change after the impurity seeding, while the electron density has a ∼10% increase. Furthermore, the ion temperature near the axis also has a remarkable increase. These achievements provide an important demonstration of the actively controlled radiative divertor mitigating the heat loads with good core confinement, which is an essential step toward steady-state operation of fusion reactors.
Towards the use of satellite-based tropical forest disturbance alerts to assess selective logging intensities
Authors: Welsink Anne-Juul , Reiche Johannes , de Sy Veronique , Carter Sarah , Slagter Bart , Suarez Daniela Requena , Batros Ben , Peña-Claros Marielos , Herold Martin
Published: April 2023

Illegal logging is an important driver of tropical forest loss. A wide range of organizations and interested parties wish to track selective logging activities and verify logging intensities as reported by timber companies. Recently, free availability of 10 m scale optical and radar Sentinel data has resulted in several satellite-based alert systems that can detect increasingly small-scale forest disturbances in near-real time. This paper provides insight in the usability of satellite-based forest disturbance alerts to track selective logging in tropical forests. We derive the area of tree cover loss from expert interpretations of monthly PlanetScope mosaics and assess the relationship with the RAdar for Detecting Deforestation (RADD) alerts across 50 logging sites in the Congo Basin. We do this separately for various aggregation levels, and for tree cover loss from felling and skidding, and logging roads. A strong linear relationship between the alerts and visually identified tree cover loss indicates that with dense time series satellite data at 10 m scale, the area of tree cover loss in logging concessions can be accurately estimated. We demonstrate how the observed relationship can be used to improve near-real time tree cover loss estimates based on the RADD alerts. However, users should be aware that the reliability of estimations is relatively low in areas with few disturbances. In addition, a trade-off between aggregation level and accuracy requires careful consideration. An important challenge regarding remote verification of logging activities remains: as opposed to tree cover loss area, logging volumes cannot yet be directly observed by satellites. We discuss ways forward towards satellite-based assessment of logging volumes at high spatial and temporal detail, which would allow for better remote sensing based verification of reported logging intensities and tracking of illegal activities.
Seasonal characteristics and spatio-temporal variations of the extreme precipitation-air temperature relationship across China
Authors: Li Xiangmin , Wang Taihua , Zhou Ziyi , Su Jiaping , Yang Dawen
Published: April 2023

It is assumed that extreme precipitation (P) increases with air temperature (T) by a scaling rate close to 7%/°C without moisture limitation according to the Clausius-Clapeyron (C-C) relationship. However, the spatial distribution of the P-T relationship in China is subject to divergent conclusions including both sub-C-C (<7%/°C) and super-C-C (>7%/°C) scaling with reasons yet to be examined. Based on the long-term observations, here we show that P-T relationships with peak structure exist in most regions across China. The scaling rate in the wet season shows a decreasing spatial pattern from the southeast to the northwest, while sub-C-C scaling in the dry season dominates most regions across China. Mixing precipitation events from different seasons could lead to miscalculation of the P-T scaling rate. Furthermore, significant increases in peak precipitation at high percentiles have been observed in southern regions of China during the historical period, indicating that the peak structure does not imply a potential upper limit for precipitation extremes. Our results highlight the importance of considering seasonal characteristics in analyzing the extreme precipitation-temperature relationship in a changing climate.
Quiver Yangians and
-algebras for generalized conifolds
Authors: Bao Jiakang
Published: April 2023

We focus on quiver Yangians for most generalized conifolds. We construct a coproduct of the quiver Yangian following the similar approach by Guay–Nakajima–Wendlandt. We also prove that the quiver Yangians related by Seiberg duality are indeed isomorphic. Then we discuss their connections to

-algebras analogous to the study by Ueda. In particular, the universal enveloping algebras of the

-algebras are truncations of the quiver Yangians, and therefore they naturally have truncated crystals as their representations.
Paths towards synchronization: analytical treatment of completely connected networks
Authors: España Andrea , Leoncini Xavier , Ugalde Edgardo
Published: April 2023

We describe the transient regime of synchronizing flows defined over a network, introducing a codification of the paths towards synchronization. In all cases, the collection of paths toward synchronization defines a combinatorial structure: the transition diagram. In this paper, besides introducing this general framework, we study in full detail the case of completely connected networks where a monotonic convergence towards synchronization takes place. For these systems we are able to supply a detailed analytical description of the transition diagram describing both, the Laplacian flow and a special case of the Kuramoto model on the same network. This constitutes a first instance of a full symbolic description of the path towards synchronization and illustrates the hidden complexity of the transient regime.
Ultralow-power spiking neural networks for 1024-ary orbital angular momentum shift keying free-space optical communication
Authors: Li Baoli , Chen Qinyu , Su Hang , Cheng Ke , Luan Haitao , Gu Min , Fang Xinyuan
Published: April 2023

The theoretical unbounded orbital angular momentum (OAM) states can be exploited as data bits in the OAM shift keying (OAM-SK) free-space optical (FSO) communications. In order to cope with the atmospheric turbulence (AT) and misalignment in practical applications, various machine learning algorithms, or neural networks (NNs), have been put forward to decode the OAM states. However, to recognize the hybrid spatial modes representing a large bit states, the massive learnable nodes, longer computation time and more training parameters are required to improve the capability of the NNs, resulting in energy efficiency burden to the hardware device. In this paper, the event-based spiking neural network (SNN) is utilized to recognize the hybrid spatial modes consisting of superposed coaxial Laguerre–Gaussian modes with l ranging from 0 to 9 and p = 0, which is termed as spiking OAM-recognition neural network (Spiking-ORNN). In comparison to the previous solution of running deep NNs on graphics processing units, the neuromorphic solution of running Spiking-ORNN on neuromorphic chips exhibits 4300× higher energy efficiency without obvious sacrifice of recognition accuracy (less than 0.5%). Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate a 10 m 1024-ary OAM-SK FSO communication for the transmission of an image with a 10 bit grey level, wherein the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the received image can exceed 41.4 dB under the AT of

C
n
2

=10−15 m−2/3. We anticipate that our results can stimulate further researches on the utilization of the brain-like SNN chips to reduce the energy consumptions based on the artificial-intelligence-enhanced optoelectronic systems.
On-chip mixing of cancer cells and drug using LED enabled 2D opto-wetting droplet platforms
Authors: Thomas Tony , Govindharaj Mano , Unni Harikrishnan Narayanan , Kumari Neema , Rath Subha Narayan
Published: April 2023

Droplets of microliter size serve as miniaturized reaction chambers for practical lab on a chip (LoC) applications. The transportation and coalescence of droplets are indispensable for realizing microfluidic mixing. Light can be used as an effective tool for droplet manipulation. We report a novel platform for LED-based transport and mixing of cell-encapsulated microdroplets for evaluating dose response of cancer drugs. Microcontroller enabled LEDs (Light-emitting diodes) were used to actuate droplet movement on Azobenzene coated planar silicon substrates. Droplet transport was initiated by the spatial gradient in solid-liquid interfacial tension developed through LED triggered photoisomerization of Azobenzene substrate. Detailed UV-Visible characterization of Azobenzene molecule was performed for different LED light intensities and wavelengths. A complete standalone opto-wetting toolbox was developed by integrating various components such as a microcontroller, UV LED (385 nm), blue LED (465 nm), and Azobenzene coated photoresponsive substrate. 2D transport of DI water droplets (10–30 μl) along simple trajectories was demonstrated using this device. Subsequently, the proposed opto-wetting platform was used for performing drug evaluation through on-chip mixing of droplets containing cancer cells (A549—Lung cancer cells) and cancer drug (paclitaxel). Separate cell viability analysis was performed using MTT assays, where the cytocompatibility of Azobenzene and UV light (385 nm) on A549 cells were studied. The dosage response of paclitaxel drug was studied using both MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazolyl-2)−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and live-dead cell assays. The results obtained indicate the potential use of our device as a cost-effective, reliable opto-wetting microfluidic platform for drug screening experiments.
Prediabetes, diabetes and loss of disability-free survival in a community-based older cohort: a post-hoc analysis of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly trial
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Curtis Andrea J , Owen Alice , Wolfe Rory , Murray Anne M , Tonkin Andrew M , Ernst Michael E , Orchard Suzanne G , Zhu Chao , Carr Prudence R , Reid Christopher M , Espinoza Sara E , Shah Raj C , Woods Robyn L , Ryan Joanne , McNeil John J , Nelson Mark R , Zoungas Sophia
Published: April 2023

Background

Evidence for the prognostic implications of hyperglycaemia in older adults is inconsistent.

Objective

To evaluate disability-free survival (DFS) in older individuals by glycaemic status.

Methods

This analysis used data from a randomised trial recruiting 19,114 community-based participants aged ≥70 years, who had no prior cardiovascular events, dementia and physical disability. Participants with sufficient information to ascertain their baseline diabetes status were categorised as having normoglycaemia (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] < 5.6 mmol/l, 64%), prediabetes (FPG 5.6 to <7.0 mmol/l, 26%) and diabetes (self-report or FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/l or use of glucose-lowering agents, 11%). The primary outcome was loss of disability-free survival (DFS), a composite of all-cause mortality, persistent physical disability or dementia. Other outcomes included the three individual components of the DFS loss, as well as cognitive impairment-no dementia (CIND), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and any cardiovascular event. Cox models were used for outcome analyses, with covariate adjustment using inverse-probability weighting.

Results

We included 18,816 participants (median follow-up: 6.9 years). Compared to normoglycaemia, participants with diabetes had greater risks of DFS loss (weighted HR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.60), all-cause mortality (1.45, 1.23–1.72), persistent physical disability (1.73, 1.35–2.22), CIND (1.22, 1.08–1.38), MACE (1.30, 1.04–1.63) and cardiovascular events (1.25, 1.02–1.54) but not dementia (1.13, 0.87–1.47). The prediabetes group did not have an excess risk for DFS loss (1.02, 0.93–1.12) or other outcomes.

Conclusions

Among older people, diabetes was associated with reduced DFS, and higher risk of CIND and cardiovascular outcomes, whereas prediabetes was not. The impact of preventing or treating diabetes in this age group deserves closer attention.