Design and Development of a Novel Nano-hybrid Dental Composite: Antibacterial Silica Nanocomposite for Dental Use
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, Asif Nida ,   Politecnico Di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano MI, Italy, Chandio Ali Dad ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan,   University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom, Kun Ma ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Sheikh Jahanzeb ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Haseeb Eden ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan,   University of Kent, Giles Ln, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK, Aziz Rabia ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan,   University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy, Khan Rashid ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia, Swee Tan Tian ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Sadia Madeeha ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Saidin Syafiqah ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

Resin based dental composites is one of the promising dental materials that serves as an alternative to metal and amalgam restorations, as they resemble natural tooth and widely used in restorative dental treatments such as tooth decay and oral lesions. Despite several ongoing researches and innovations, the primary challenges associated with composite restorations are their limited durability, sensitivity, shrinkage and leakage. This research aimed to address these challenges and develop an innovative dental composite resulting in a minimal discomfort to the patient and improve long term therapeutic eficacy. To overcome these challenges silica Nano- particles, with antibacterial agent was incorporated. Nano- particles of silica acted as filler, which was extracted from a bio-waste (rice husk). The addition of anti-microbial agents helped to minimize leakage due to shrinkage as these materials have small particle size, offering a wide range of biological, chemical and mechanical properties. This was followed by characterization techniques which includes; SEM, XRD, FTIR and particle characterization that were evaluated and compared. The peaks of Silicon dioxide in XRD was recorded at 21.67, 38.38 and 44.68. Extracted silica particle size 47. 66 μm was further reduced to Nano size with an average size of 200 nm. FTIR spectrum showed the relative transmittance at 1000- 1090 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The results met the standard measures and was much cheaper than currently used in dental industry. In future, comparative analysis testing including compressive or tensile strength and anti-bacterial testing can be performed that may further prove its potential and can be followed by clinical trials also.