Prevalence of intra-patient inter-metastatic heterogeneity in mCRPC patients based on triple-tracer PET imaging: The 3TMPO study.
Authors: Pouliot Frederic , Saad Fred , Richard Patrick O. , Probst Stephan , Rousseau Étienne , Levesque Eric , Castonguay Vincent , Marcoux Nicolas , Lodde Michele , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Buteau François-Alexandre , Juneau Daniel , Hamilou Zineb , Pavic Michel , Castilloux Jean-Francois , Zamanian Atefeh , Bouvet Guillaume , Tetu Amelie , Guérin Brigitte , Beauregard Jean-Mathieu ,   3TMPO investigator group
Published: June 2023

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Background: Intra-patient inter-metastatic heterogeneity (IIH) has been demonstrated in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients based on genomic and imaging studies, most often after several lines of therapies. IIH is of utmost importance for PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT) eligibility, biopsy-based precision medicine and/or treatment intensification decision-making. The Triple-Tracer strategy against Metastatic PrOstate cancer (3TMPO) study (NCT04000776) is a prospective multicenter PET imaging study that was designed to determine the prevalence of IIH in mCRPC patients and to determine candidacy for RLT. Methods: 3TMPO is a PET-imaging trial including mCRPC patients showing at least 3 metastases on conventional imaging with evidence of biochemical or radiographic progression, at least 3 months after initiation of the last systemic therapy. 68Ga-PSMA-617 and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed within 10 days and analyzed quantitatively. A third scan with 68Ga-Octreotate was done when a PSMA-/FDG+ lesion was found. For all tracers, positivity of a lesion was defined as its SUVpeak being 1.5 times higher than the SUVmean of the liver. Lesions smaller than 1 cc and likely benign foci of uptake were excluded. IIH prevalence was the primary outcome, defined as the percentage of patients having at least two lesions with discordant features on PET imaging. Results: We included 98 patients in the final analysis. Patients had a mean age of 69 years and a median PSA of 51.1 ng/mL. Number of metastases were <5 in 46.9% and ≥10 in 33.7% of patients and 10.2, 20.4, 18.4 and 51.0% had received 0, 1, 2 or >2 lines of systemic therapies for mCRPC, respectively. Prevalence of IIH was 83.7% based on pre-specified PET criteria. Overall, seven different combinations of lesion phenotypes were found among patients based on FDG and PSMA PETs, and at least one PSMA-/FDG+ lesion was found in 46 patients (46.9%). Of the 44 patients who underwent Octreotate PET, six (13.6%) had at least one Octreotate-positive lesion. In this FDG/PSMA/Octreotate-imaged subgroup, 11 different combinations of phenotypes were observed between metastases of individual patients. Overall, 52.0% (IC95: 41.7-62.2) of patients were found to be candidate for PSMA RLT, but none for Octreotate RLT. Conclusions: The majority of mCRPC patients showed IIH. Based on a multi-tracer approach, up to 11 lesion phenotype combinations were found amongst patients. Correlation of these imaging phenotypes with genomics and treatment response will be highly relevant for optimized precision medicine, especially with respect to PSMA-RLT. Clinical trial information: NCT04000776 . [Table: see text]