bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islam
Authors: Convention Reporters Committee ISNA
Published: December 2020

ISNA’s Forty-first Annual Convention, held in Chicago (September 4-6,2004), offered about 100 sessions and was cohosted by the Council ofIslamic Organizations of Greater Chicago (CIOGC). Over 400 ChicagoMuslim volunteer organizations offered their support, resources, and talentsunder CIOGC’s leadership. The Friday night Interfaith Unity Banquetwas dedicated to interfaith dialogue. The invitation-only event seeks toenergize attendees, including politicians running for office in the Chicagoarea, to continue their efforts and to recognize those who are trying to buildbridges between different faith communities. The Rev. Stanley L. Davis, Jr.,was given a plaque for his continuing work in interfaith relations plus hisdedication to peace and justice.The Fifth Annual Community Service Recognition Luncheon, hosted bythe ISNA Development Foundation, was addressed by Cherif Bassiouni, arespected attorney and professor at DePaul University, who is also presidentof the International Human Rights Law Institute. He declared: “It makes meangry when Muslims apologize for Islam. I am proud to be a Muslim.”For the first time, a female Muslim activist, Sharifa Alkhateeb, receivedthe Mahboob Khan Community Service Award, which recognizes outstandingservice to the Muslim community in North America. Alkhateeb, recognizedfor her work in various causes, especially those concerning women,could not attend. Her husband Mejdi accepted the award on her behalf, whileher sister read her acceptance speech. Former ISNA president MuzammilSiddiqui also received the award ...
Resurrecting Empire
Authors: Abboud Samer
Published: December 2020

Written at a critical historical juncture of Arab-western relations, Khalidi’stext provides a refreshing and informed account of western intervention inthe Middle East. It stresses the catastrophic human and political consequencesof western colonial adventures in the region and the neglect of thishistorical experience by current American foreign policy decision makers.Although written primarily for a non-academic, American audience, it is auseful and important text on contemporary Middle East history.Accessible and highly readable, it provides insights into a series ofmajor issues currently relevant to the study of the Middle East: democracy, oil, Palestine, and Iraq. The first chapter provides an account of westerncolonialism’s social, political, economic, and cultural legacy wrought on theMiddle East. Beginning with a brief introduction to the American march towar with Iraq, the author establishes an approach employed throughout thetext: juxtaposing the historical western colonial experience with theAmerican invasion and occupation of Iraq. Locating western involvement inthe Middle East within the context of the Ottoman Empire’s decline, Khalidihighlights the differential systems of colonial rule imposed on the region.Throughout, he emphasizes the indigenous resistance to colonialism, thusarguing against Orientalist discourses of indigenous acquiescence and subservienceto the supposed benevolence of colonialist rule. Two importantpoints emerge: first, that the political structures imposed by the colonialregimes have persisted, and second, that the region’s political cultureremains deeply rooted in the anti-colonial experience. This experience –entirely conditioned through European involvement in the region – meantthat for many, the United States never experienced the same political andcultural hostility as Europe. Throughout the cold war, however, the UnitedStates’ image as a disinterested outside power began to give way to an imageof the United States as a significant power broker in the region with manyinterests, and, most importantly, few objectives compatible with the politicaldesires of the region’s peoples ...
Islamization of Linguistics
Authors: Syeed Sayyid Muhammad
Published: December 2020

I. NON-ISLAMIC LINGUISTICS UNDER RELIGIOUSINFLUENCESLinguistics has been struggling under the stranglehold of religious beliefs,superstitions, and ethnocentrism for centuries. The role and nature of humanlanguages was perceived through the worldview preached by various religions.There have been claims for the divine origin of certain languages, conferringa special status on their speakers. Greeks, for example, believed that theirlanguage was superior to all other languages. It was the language spoken bythe Olympian gods. Theirs was the only language with regularity, rules, andmeaning; all other languages were arbitrary and meaningless, burburoi, whencethe modern English word “barbarian.”In India, where Panini (sixth century B.C.E.) wrote the first comprehensivegrammar of a human language, Sanskrit was believed to be the languageof gods and worthy to be studied and used by the high caste of Brahmansonly. The low-caste Hindus could not listen to the Sanskrit verses from theholy scriptures, and severe punishments were prescribed for such sacrilegiousacts. As late as 1912, the Muslim linguist, Mohammad Shahidullah, was deniedadmission to the master’s course in Sanskrit at the University of Calcutta.The Hindu professors of Sanskrit were shqcked at the possibility that a Muslimcould be allowed to read and hence defile the Vedas, the holy scriptures ofHindus. They bitterly opposed his admission.In the Judaeo-Christian world, too, similar unscientific views persisteduntil recently. Hebrew was God‘s own language, the language spoken in theheavens, the first language spoken on the earth and therefore the mother of ...
“Islamization of Knowledge” Seminar Held at the Institute of Education, London University
Authors: UK Office IIIT -
Published: December 2020

The seminar which was held on October 31, 1987 was aimed at introducingthe International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) to the Muslim intellectualsin the United Kingdom. The seminar was attended by over 40 peopleof different specializations from various parts of the United Kingdom. Theseminar was divided in two sessions. The morning session was chaired byDr. Tayyib Zain al-Abidin, the representative of the Institute in Khartoum,Sudan. The speakers in this session included: Dr. ‘AbdulHamid AbuSulayman,Director General, IIIT; Mr. Mashuq Aly, Head of the Department of IslamicStudies, Lampeter University College, Wales; and Dr. Salim Al-Hasani, Man-Chester University.Dr. AbdulHamidd AbuSulayman outlined the objectives and goals of theInstitute and clarified the concept of the Islamization of Knowledge which,according to him, constituted the very raison detre of the Institute. He emphasizedthat the Muslim world lacked neither resources nor values; whatit lacked was the correct methodology of thinking in order to tackle the pressingproblems of today. The problem, therefore, is primarily a problem of thought.It is incumbent upon the Ummah to reform its methodology of thinking andof solving its problems.Dr. AbuSulayman then traced the developments that led to the establishmentof the Institute. He explained that through their work in student organizations,he and his colleagues arrived at the conclusion that political and socialwork was not enough and that there was a need for work in the field of thoughtand intellectual analysis. It was also not enough to criticise and express dismayat the present bad conditions of the Ummah. What was needed was to presentan alternative Islamic paradigm of intellectual thought and practical solutionsof the problems of the Islamic world.It was therefore decided to establish the Association of Muslim Social Scientists(AMSS) in the United States of America. Building on the experiencegained in the AMSS, the International Institute of Islamic thought was establishedas an independent organization to deal with the problem of intellectual ...
Professor Fazlur Rahman
Authors: Ahmad Mumtaz
Published: December 2020

On Dhu al Hijjah 12, 1408 AH, July 26, 1988 Professor Fazlur Rahmanbreathed his last as a result of post-cardiac surgery complications at the BillingsHospital in Chicago. At the time of his death he was the Harold H. SwiftDistinguished Service Professor of Islamic Thought at the University ofChicago where he had taught for about two decades. Born in Punjab (Pakistan)in 1332 AH / 1919 AC, Professor Fazlur Rahman was educated at theuniversities of Punjab and Oxford. He also taught at Durham (England) andMcGill (Canada) and served as director, Central Institute of Islamic Researchin Pakistan.A prolific writer and an outstanding scholar of Islam in the traditionof Mohammad Iqbal, Dr. Fazlur Rahman influenced a whole generation ofyoung Muslim intellectuals, students, and probably more importantly, hisWestern colleagues in the field of Islamic Studies. Although consideredcontroversial on certain issues, he was a scholar of encyclopedic breadth inthe true tradition of classical Islamic scholarship. His interests ranged fromthe classical period to modem times; from the Qur’an and hadrh to$qh,philosophy and science; and from education and history to contemporarysocio-political developments in the Muslim World. Throughout his career,however, his first and foremost loyalty and devotion had been to the Qur’an.He was a brilliant student and an extraordinarily perceptive commentatorof the Qur’an. He lived, wrote, and thought for most of his life within aframework that was defined by his love and study of the Qur’an.His was a mind of a logician and a philosopher and a heart of a devoutMuslim. His writings on Islam were not only the product of a meticulousscholar with great intellectual rigor and analytical skills but also that of apassionate and devoted Muslim who was deeply concerned about the spiritual,moral and material well-being of his fellow Muslims. He believed in thefundamental importance of intellectual renaissance as the most important prerequisitefor Islamic revival. A careful examination of his writings revealsa vigorous mind working in the highest traditions of human scholarship ofEast and West and providing the intellectual and moral underpinnings for ...
Band-to-band tunneling mechanism observed at room temperature in lateral non-degenerately doped nanoscale p-n and p-i-n silicon devices
Authors: Udhiarto Arief , Nuryadi Ratno , Anwar Miftahul , Prabhudesai Gaurang , Moraru Daniel
Published: December 2020

Non-degenerately doped lateral nanoscale p-n and p-i-n silicon-on-insulator devices have been fabricated and characterized at room temperature (297 K). In both types of devices, p-type Si substrate is used as a backgate to modify the potential in the top Si layer in both forward- and reverse-bias regimes. In the forward-bias regime, both types of devices exhibit negative differential transconductance (NDT), with the current peak position and level controlled by the backgate and anode voltage. In the reverse-bias regime, the devices exhibit a sharp current increase as a function of the backgate voltage, which is a signature of the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) mechanism. These findings suggest that NDT and the sharp increase of current, induced by the contribution of the BTBT mechanism, can be achieved even in non-degenerately doped backgated diodes, which opens new possibilities for BTBT-based functionalities, benefiting from a simple design and CMOS compatibility.
Consecuencias de la pandemia causada por el virus SARS-Cov-2 en la vida de estudiantes brasileños en Paraguay, año 2020
Authors: Januario Gomes Felipe Alexandre , Conceição Wilmar dos Santos , Rodrigues Almeida de Souza Valdinei , Santanna Marco Vinicius de Jesus , Galeano Reynal Shirley Montserrat
Published: December 2020

La falta de un tratamiento efectivo, vacuna y  el modo de transmisión son determinantes del virus SARS-Cov-2 que causan una pandemia nunca antes vista en los tiempos modernos afectando a la mayoría de los países del mundo. Se han estado implementando varios modelos de cuarentena, que establecen limitaciones de apertura y funcionamiento de diversos tipos de negocios e instituciones educativas incluidas las universidades. Se estableció como objetivo describir los efectos de la pandemia en la vida de estudiantes universitarios brasileños en Paraguay. Fue un estudio mixto descriptivo de campo usando como técnica de recolección de la encuesta mediante el cuestionario a través de la plataforma Google Forms ®fue enviado a grupos de estudiantes de la carrera de medicina a través de la aplicación Whatsapp®. El número de participantes fue de 131. Se adoptaron los criterios éticos correspondientes. El 9.2% de los estudiantes ya han contraído Covid-19, en la mayoría de los casos, los estudiantes infectados por el virus tenían síntomas leves, como dolor muscular y tos, causando síntomas graves en menos del 10% de los infectados. Los medicamentos más utilizados por los fueron la azitromicina y la ivermectina. El 38.9% de los estudiantes tenían familiares con Covid-19 y el 6.9% de los participantes de la encuesta habían perdido algún familiar. La mayoría de los estudiantes y sus familias enfrentan dificultades financieras. La mayoría de los estudiantes 55.7% están de acuerdo con las clases en línea. Aquellos que tienen la intención de continuar el próximo semestre si las clases son en línea es 69.5%. Los resultados son similares a los reportados en estudios internacionales que muestran que pocas personas tienen síntomas graves y que el número de muertes es similarmente proporcional. Los datos más preocupantes son sobre las dificultades financieras que atraviesan la mayoría de los estudiantes lo cual podría limitar la culminación de sus estudios.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Teknik Mind Mapping Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Resensi Novel Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 1 Sungai Lala
Authors: Rusli Sri Mulyani
Published: December 2020

Backgrounds of this research were that first, student could not master the novel review material, second; students were difficult to develop ideas in writing, third; learning media at the school did not support the lesson such as limited projector; fourth, students were bored with the given materials by using a tutor method. The research was to describe the student novel review writing skill before implementing mind mapping technique; second, to describe the student novel review writing skill after implementing mind mapping technique; Third,to describe the effect of mind mapping technique usetowards student novel review writing skill at XI class SMAN 1 Sungai Lala, Indragiri Hulu Regency. The research shows that, first, the average score of student novel review writing skill before implementing mind mapping technique is 61.11 on the range 56-65% and in the moderate qualification (C).Second, the average score of student novel review writing skill after implementing mind mapping technique is 80.73 on the range 86-95% in a very good qualification. Third, there is a significance effect of mind mapping technique usetowards student novel review writing skill at XI class SMAN 1 Sungai Lala, Indragiri Hulu Regency because t count> t table (6.00>1.70).
Preservation of the iconographic canon among Ukrainian diaspora
Authors: Kozinchuk Vitalii
Published: December 2020

Iconography of the Ukrainian diaspora is an important component of Ukrainian (Western Ukrainian) canonical sacred art. Genetically, the iconography of the Ukrainian diaspora is based on the principles of Byzantine iconography, which included the color canon, the compositional canon and the canon of proportions, which performed important functions in Byzantine art. Ukrainian artists of the diaspora, adhering to the Byzantine iconographic canon, believed that it brings to the art information of utilitarian, historical and narrative plan. Scientific intelligence is devoted to these issues. The purpose of the section is to analyze the preservation of the iconographic canon in the sacred art of artists of the Ukrainian diaspora in the United States, Canada and Western Europe. It is necessary to consider the Byzantine iconographic rules, which serve as an artistic scheme for the creation of Christological, Mariological and festive themes in the iconography presented in the temples of ethnic minorities. Using the principles of Byzantine aesthetics, the diaspora artists of Ukrainian origin (Petro Kholodny Jr, Sviatoslav Hordynsky, Juvenal Mokrytsky and Khrystyna Dokhvat) managed to preserve the ancient Eastern Christian tradition of cult painting. The art of the above-mentioned artists is based on strict artistic rules recognized by the official Church after the Trullian Council (691-692), the Seventh Ecumenical Council (787) and the «Triumph of Orthodoxy», associated with decisions to introduce the dogma of icon worship in Constantinople Council (843). Preservation of the iconographic canon in the Ukrainian diaspora is a manifestation of the ancient Christian artistic spirit, which determined the types of major saints. The principles of the iconographic canon used in the painting of the Ukrainian diaspora also substantiated the location of the main gospel scenes in certain places on the walls of Christian religious buildings.
Ukrainian musical folklore discography as a preserving factor in Ukrainian diaspora national spiritual experience
Authors: Fedorniak Nataliia
Published: December 2020

The presented material studies one of the important forms of transmission of the musical folklore tradition of Ukrainians in the United States and Canada during the XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries – sound recording, which is a component of the national spiritual experience of emigrants. Founded in the 1920s, the recording industry has been actively developed and has become a form of preservation and promotion of the traditional musical culture of Ukrainians in North America. Sound recordings created an opportunity to determine the features of its main genres, the evolution of forms, that are typical for each historical period of Ukrainians’ sedimentation on the American continent, as well as to understand the specifics of the repertoire, instruments and styles of performance. Leading record companies in the United States have recorded authentic Ukrainian folklore reconstructed on their territory by rural musicians and choirs. Arranged folklore material is represented by choral and bandura recordings, to which are added a large number of records, cassettes, CDs of vocal-instrumental pop groups and soloists, where significantly and stylistically diversely recorded secondary Ukrainian folklore (folklorism).
ПІДГОТОВКА ПАРАПРОФЕСІОНАЛІВ У СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ СФЕРІ: КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНИЙ ПІДХІД
Authors: Дворяк Сергій , Оніщик Юрій
Published: December 2020

В межах теоретико-аналітичного дослідження визначено, що соціальна сфера в Україні залучає до розв’язання різних професійних завдань чимало парапрофесіоналів, тобто тих, хто не має фахової освіти із соціальної роботи, але пройшли певне навчання, переважно неформальне, і виконують функції соціальних працівників. Окреслено розуміння поняття «компетентність» як здатності до виконання певних трудових функцій. На прикладі консультантів за принципом «рівний-рівному», громадських радників та батьків-вихователів у сімейних формах виховання дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, розглянуто зміст діяльності парасоціальних працівників та специфіку їхньої підготовки. Запропоновано перелік тих загальних компетентностей, на формування яких мають бути спрямовані програми формального та неформального навчання цієї категорії працівників (гендерна компетентність, цифрові компетентності, етичні компетентності, компетентності міжпрофесійної взаємодії тощо).
Phytoplankton dan Zooplankton Sebagai Pakan Alami di Kolam Pasca Tambang Batubara Loa Bahu Samarinda
Authors: Pagoray Henny , Sukarti Komsanah
Published: December 2020

Kualitas air, pakan alami berupa phytoplankton dan zooplankton digunakan sebagai indikator kesuburan perairan yang berpengaruh terhadap usaha budidaya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kuantitas, kualitas phytoplankton dan zooplankton di kolam pasca tambang batubara. Metode penelitian yaitu dengan pengamatan kualitas air secara in situ dan ex situ dilakukan di kolam pasca tambang batubara Loa Bahu. Pengambilan sampel plankton setiap 3 hari sekali selama 10 kali. Sampel plankton di bawa ke laboratorium untuk diidentifikasi jenisnya, dihitung kelimpahannya, indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman dan dominansi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah phytoplankton 3.039–3.379 indv/liter, zooplankton 4508–5146 indv/liter. Phytoplankton didominasi oleh Chlorophycea yang mencerminkan kualitas air bersih. Indeks keanekaragaman plankton 2,718 – 2,684, termasuk kondisi sedang, Keseragaman 0, 8419–0, 8618, termasuk kategori stabil. Hasil analisis kualitas air seperi suhu, oksigen terlarut, pH, NO2, H2S masih layak untuk budidaya, sedangkan untuk NH3 melebihi standar.
Kesesuaian Wisata Bahari Berdasarkan Indeks Tutupan Karang di Perairan Pantai Teluk Lombok Kecamatan Sangatta Selatan
Authors: Wahyudi Muhammad Hirwan , Haryasakti Anshar
Published: December 2020

Teluk Lombok sebagai destinasi wisata yang memiliki hamparan terumbu karang yang dapat dijadikan salah satu objek wisata bahari. Tujuan Penelitian ini : (1) Untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang yang ada di pantai teluk Lombok, (2) Untuk mengetahui nilai indeks kesesuaian wisata snorkling dan diving di Teluk Lombok. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2020 di perairan Teluk Lombok desa Sangkima Kecamatan Sangatta Selatan. Pengambilan data terumbu karang mengunakan metode Line Intercept Transect. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terumbu karang pada stasiun I masih tergolong baik dengan Presentase 60,14%, stasiun II terumbu karang tergolong dalam kategori buruk dengan presentase 9,58%, stasiun III masuk dalam ketegori sedang dengan presentase 25,06%. Perairan pantai teluk lombok masih dapat dijadikan lokasi wisata snorkling dan diving.
Isolation and Antibacterial Activity Test of The Extract Ethyl Acetate of Endophytic Fungi from Kencur (Kaempferia Galanga L.)
Authors: Efendi M. Rifqi , Rusdi Mesa Sukmadani , Anisa Fitria
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi jamur endofit yang terdapat pada daun dan rimpang kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) serta menguji aktivitas antibakterinya. Isolasi jamur endofit dilakukan dengan kultivasi dan subkultivasi jamur yang tumbuh dari daun dan rimpang kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) yang sebelumnya telah disterilkan pada media potato dextrose agar (PDA). Identifikasi jamur endofit dilakukan secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis terhadap morfologinya. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar. Dari daun dan rimpang kencur diperoleh lima isolat jamur endofit  yang diidentifikasi sebagai Torulla sp. (KG001), Mucor sp. (KG002), Fusarium sp. (KG003), Geotricum sp. (KG004), dan Drechslera sp. (KG005). Tiga ekstrak etil asetat jamur endofit Torulla sp. (KG001), Fusarium sp. (KG003), dan Drechcera sp. (KG005) memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram positif  (Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholera) dan Gram negatif (Bacillus subtilis and Eschericia coli) pada konsentrasi 3.75 %. Jamur endofit yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri kuat (diameter hambat 10-20 mm) adalah Torulla sp. (KG001) dan Drechslera sp. (KG005). Sedangkan, jamur endofit yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri sedang (diameter hambat 5-10 mm) adalah ekstrak etil asetat jamur Fusarium sp. (KG003). Aktivitas antibakteri terbesar ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etil asetat isolat jamur Drechslera Sp. dengan diameter hambat 16 mm terhadap bakteri uji Vibrio cholera.
DESIGN BIOTREATMENT UNIT FOR WATER SULFUR FOR AGRICULTURE PURPOSE
Authors: Abed Idham , Salem Saif A. , Mahmood Ahamed
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the uses of sulfur-rich water found in the Western desert of Iraq an assessment was made to select more suitable procedure for using this type of water without negative health and environmental effects, so a field survey of the wells in area was under taken, measuring its discharge sulfur content. Multi-stage treatment system was made using different material such as fermented wheat straw with A. niger, spent mushroom compost, and calcinated rock phosphate ,limestone inoculated with sulfur oxidizing and reducing bacteria, also using continuous treatment system for different time interval of 12, 24, and 36 hours. The results showed existence of sulfur-rich water in Km70 area was superior in its sulfur content 2000 mg l-1. treatments W1 and W2 removed SO4 and hydrogen sulfide by 66.01 and 64.7, 90.97, and 91.6% respectively. Time interval treatment 24 hours. The values of potential salinity in the case of continuous treatments W1 and W2 for 24 hours approached the rates of 12.15 and 11.66, respectively. The efficiency of continuous treatment unit W1 and W2 for hundred days period approached 72 and 96%, respectively.
Islam and H. G. Nahuys’ Memoirs on the Java War 1825-1830
Authors: Syahid Achmad
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the worldview of the memoir of H.G. Nahuys van Burgst, Resident of Surakarta, entitled Verzameling van officiele Rapporten, betreffende den Oorlog op Java in de Jarren 1825-1830, as a polemic with H.J.J.L. Ridder de Stuer. His memoirs represent a typical Dutch government worldview based more on colonial interests and power tendencies. The colonial interests made colonial goverment have a tendency and take a certain position from the start against Islam and the cultural and Islamic characterist resistance movements launched by Diponegoro and Kiai Modjo. The descriptive analysis of the memoirs about the Javanese War which is presented chronologically makes it easy for us to reveal how war figures put Islam as the motivation for war, the spirit, the basis for thinking, the strengthening of the support network, the basis for regulation, and the justification for starting or ending the war. Meanwhile, the colonial government saw Islam as being used as a foster for the character’s socio-vertical mobility ambitions, as an identity, propaganda material, and procedures in oath-taking ceremonies.
PROFILE ADSORBEN SEBAGAI MEDIA FILTER DALAM MENURUNKAN KONSENTRASI KONTAMINAN PADA BADAN AIR BAKU SUNGAI CISADANE
Authors: Rachmawati Nurmeily , Rinawati Diana
Published: December 2020

Salah satu sumber kehidupan yang dibutuhkan manusia adalah kebutuhan akan air bersih. Untuk mendapatkan air bersih dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan sumber air yang ada salah satunya air sungai. Sumber air ini tak luput dari pencemaran akibat aktivitas manusia maupun dari lingkungan sekitar. Sungai Cisadane yang terletak didaerah Tangerang dimanfaatkan masyarakat sekitar sebagai salah satu sumber air. Dalam mendapatkan air bersih perlu dilakukan usaha salah satunya memanfaatkan media filter air. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi profiling dari penggunaan adsorben sebagai media filter dalam rangka menurunkan konsentrasi kontaminan yang terdapat di Air Sungai Cisadane. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu eksperimental dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Adsorben alami yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 8 yaitu arang aktif (AA), pasir silika (PS), zeolit (Z), sekam padi bakar (SPB), sekam padi kering (SP), serabut kelapa (CH), serbuk kayu (SK), dan jerami padi (JP). Bahan kontrol yang digunakan yaitu Air Sungai Cisadane tanpa difilterisasi menggunakan adsorben. Hasil filterisasi menggunakan kedelapan adsorben akan diuji terhadap parameter fisika dan kimia. Pengujian hasil filterisasi dilakukan di laboratorium PDAM Cikokol. Hasil yang diperoleh pada parameter fisika menunjukkan pada adsorben zeolite dan pasir silica memberikan hasil yaitu tidak berasa dan berbau. Pada uji nilai kekeruhan hasil filterisasi menggunakan zeolith diperoleh hasil 5,82 NTU. Untuk parameter kimia diperoleh hasil penurunan konsentrasi kontaminan sulfat pada adsorben jerami menjadi 10 mg/L dan pada adsorben zeolite memberikan penurunan kadar nitrat yaitu 1,3 mg/L. Berdasarkan uji t-test antara sebelum dan sesudah filterisasi menunjukkan adanya perbedaan beda nyata pada parameter fisika (rasa, bau, zat padat terlarut) dengan nilai Sig (2-tailed)  < ά = 0.025, dan tidak menunjukkan beda nyata yang signifikan pada parameter kimia dengan nilai Sig (2-tailed) > ά = 0.025.
Scientific and applied problems of implementation of processing management at trade enterprises of the consumer cooperation
Authors: Filina Svitlana
Published: December 2020

In conditions of globalization and European integration the modern management concepts are oriented on process approach to forming of management system. It means that process becomes the major management object. Development of trade enterprises of consumer cooperation (CC) is an essential component of national economy at current state of market economy development in Ukraine. The paper aims to research current approaches to forming of management systems at trade enterprises of consumer cooperation and to develop methodical and practical recommendations on introduction of these economic entities’ process management. On the basis of generalization of existing approaches to the formation of a management system, the paper reveals that the introduction of process management at trade enterprises is connected with the peculiarity of consumer cooperation, which constitutes a unique natural system that combines social and economic-financial activity, social orientation and is based on the cooperative ideology, culture, principles and values of cooperation, which distinguishes it from among the other economic structures. Introduction of process management is determined to depend to a large extent on the efficiency of trade, which, in the current conditions of development of the national economy and consumer cooperation, provides a link between production and consumption, satisfies the effective demand of the population, completes the process of distribution, strengthens the financial system and money circulation of enterprises. The complex approach to the process management of retail enterprises of consumer cooperation is proposed as part of the definition of the peculiarities of its implementation, which is based on the synergistic combination of business processes of trading enterprises (basic, auxiliary, managerial) and management functions (planning, organization, motivation, control), that allows to determine effective mechanisms of business processes management of trade enterprises, improve the quality of management decisions and the efficiency of trade enterprises.
Evaluation of the state of the health system in Ukraine in the context of the quality of provision of medical aid
Authors: Kvasniy Lyubov , Shcherban Oresta , Khoma Taras
Published: December 2020

In the process of implementation of the reform of the health care system and implementation of priority directions of socio-economic development of Ukraine, which is closely intertwined with the requirements of the time regarding the preservation and improvement of the health of population, attention was paid to the quality management of health care. The purpose of the article is to study the indicators of health care in the dynamics, which determine the state of health system and characterize the quality of medical and service provision. The article outlines the peculiarities of the concept of health protection in Ukraine. It proves that the domestic health care system is outdated, since it is based on the Soviet model of Semashko against the backdrop of high levels of corruption, the lack of proper modernization, non-compliance with the needs of the population, which in general have led to its ineffectiveness. The main indicators of the health system in dynamics are estimated and the periods of expected life expectancy are highlighted. The low average life expectancy in Ukraine is established to be caused mainly by the fundamental difference between the European and Ukrainian standards of living, the level of well-being of the population and the quality of medical services. In order to improve the quality of the provision of medical care in health care institutions in the current conditions of medical reform, it is proposed to transfer to the financing of medicine on an insurance basis, which will allow distributing the risks of illness and expenses for treatment between insured persons, and direct the collected funds to pay for the insured event in case of illness. This can be considered the only way to provide high-quality medical protection without financial stress for Ukrainian citizens.
Forming tourist attractiveness of the Drohobych region
Authors: Protsyshyn Oksana , Skotnyy Pavlo
Published: December 2020

Tourist attractiveness is a key factor for the development of the tourism industry in the region. The Drohobych region includes the neighboring districts and the cities of Stebnyk and Drohobych, with the latter being the administrative center of the district and the city of regional subordination. The main factor in shaping the region’s improved image as a tourist destination is the availability and efficient use of tourism potential. Its use is influenced by a number of political, economic and social factors that may be restrictive or favorable in nature. The region attracts tourists with its natural landscapes, mountainous terrains with forests, lakes, ponds, river valleys with recreation areas and waterfalls, and Skole Beskids National Nature Park. The paper analyzes the quality of transport connections to the tourist destinations of the region, the state of the environment, the quality of the communication system, the composition and the effectiveness of the logistics of the tourist sector. Besides, the efficient use of information potential through the introduction of the project «Drohobych – Smart City» contributed to the formation of a positive tourist image. The article outlines increasing role of the tourist information center in shaping the tourist attraction through analyzing the dynamics of the number of tourists’ visits and revealing the close links with the number of persons accommodated in hotels, collective accommodation facilities, visits to museums by calculating correlation coefficients. The efficiency of the use of the financial and investment components of tourism potential has been studied by analyzing local budget revenues from tourism fees and expenditures on tourism development. The analysis of the components of the tourist potential has allowed us to distinguish its features, to state the possibility of development of almost all types of tourism, to identify the problems of improving the image of the Drohobych area as a tourist destination. Their solution will need further research.
Idea rzeczy i idee w rzeczach
Authors: Brown Bill
Published: December 2020

We fragmencie wstępu do książki "A Sense of Things" Bill Brown problematyzuje relację powierzchni i głębi przedmiotów w amerykańskiej poezji modernistycznej. Brown wychodząc od sentencji Williama Carlosa Williamsa - No ideas but in things - rozważa teoretyczną możliwość istnienia idei w rzeczach (zamiast idei rzeczy). Odwołując się do poezji Williamsa, ale też fotografii Stranda, tekstów Benjamina i Baudelaira (w obu przypadkach poświęconych doświadczeniu dzieci) przedstawia propozycję myślenia rzeczami, a jednocześnie stawia pytania o współczesne społeczne formy relacji ludzi i rzeczy.
Zabawki dla dialektyków. Walter Benjamin w pokoju dziecięcym
Authors: Lipszyc Adam
Published: December 2020

Artykuł stanowi analizę czterech krótkich tekstów Waltera Benjamina poświęconych zabawkom. Autor artykułu rekonstruuje najistotniejsze teoretyczne tezy tych niewielkich zapisków, lokujących kategorię zabawki w kontekście takich pojęć jak zabawa, naśladownictwo i powtórzenie. Zderzając następnie tak wyłonioną koncepcję zabawki z innymi pismami Benjamina nie poświęconymi bezpośrednio tej problematyce, autor stara się nadać tej koncepcji dodatkowy wymiar i nakreślić szczególną "dialektykę zabawki", logikę, zgodnie z którą zabawka byłaby niezbędnym rekwiztem repetytywnej zabawy służącej okiełznaniu traumatycznych wydarzeń, zarazem jednak sama stanowiłaby resztkę tego, co traumatyczne, i jako taka burzyłaby spoistość przyzwyczajeń wysnutych z zabawy.
Czasopisma fotograficzne jako narracje o fotografii
Authors: Ziębińska-Lewandowska Karolina
Published: December 2020

ekst poświęcony jest fotografii artystycznej w Polsce okresu przełomu lat 50. i 60. i toczącego się wówczas sporu o abstrakcję fotograficzną, widocznej w pracach takich autorów jak Marek Piasecki, Bronisław Schlabs czy Andrzej Pawłowski. Autorka analizuje również specyfikę medium, którym jest w tym wypadku czasopismo poświęcone fotografii: nie dokument lecz swoisty „nośnik dyskursu”.
„Moje hobby to mieszkanie”
Authors: Jaworska Justyna
Published: December 2020

„Moje hobby to mieszkanie” było nazwą rubryki poświęconej wnętrzom, którą w magazynie „Ty i Ja” prawie od początku, czyli od 1960 roku prowadziła scenografka Felicja Uniechowska. Na przykładzie tej rubryki prześledzić można styl życia i aspiracje ówczesnej warszawskiej bohemy i inteligencji, jako że gospodarze mieszkań reprezentowali stosunkowo jednolite środowisko. Ilustrujące rubrykę fotografie ujawniają mody mieszkaniowe i snobizmy, ale stanowią też wizualny (auto)portret epoki „małej stabilizacji” – na równi z tym, co na nich widać, interesujące jest to, czego nie pokazywano. Artykuł został zainspirowany wystawą "Ty. Ja. Rzeczy", odwołuje się m.in. do kategorii dystynkcji Pierre’a Bourdieu i do kategorii komfortu.
„Nie sposób ująć to w ramy”: Black Market Daniela Malone’a
Authors: Pijarski Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Tekst Krzysztofa Pijarskiego towarzyszący pracy "Black Market" Daniela Malone'a.
Fotografia jak eter
Authors: Kaniewska Paula
Published: December 2020

Recenzja wystawy "Eter" Katarzyny Mirczak w Fundacji Archeologia Fotografii (9.11.2012 – 10.01.2013).
Vertebrate fauna genesis in the Middle Paleozoic Podolian paleobasin
Authors: Voichyshyn Victor
Published: December 2020

The formation of the Early Devonian ichthyofauna occurred under the combined influence of historical, paleogeographic and paleoecological factors. A consequence of evolutionary development at the beginning of the Devonian period arose a number of high-ranking taxa of sea vertebrates, which actively colonized the shallow water basins of new continent Laurussia. For representatives of local endemic faunas there was an opportunity to expand their habitats. There were exchanges of migrants between neighboring regional faunas. All this was accompanied by the evolution of ecosystems, the formation and development of new ecological niches. Early Devonian for most groups of vertebrates was marked by a sharp increase in the number of taxonomic units. The formation of Podillya regional ichthyofauna illustrates these trends of global biotic changes in that time.
Museum representation of coevolutionary metamorphosis of the environment and behavior
Authors: Chernobay Yuriy
Published: December 2020

The museum serves as an effective tool for learning and evaluating the latest signs of valorization of natural objects and environmental and social phenomena. Unlike departments and institutes specialized in biological disciplines, the museum has a wide range of cognitive competencies for the public. Social isolation, active transition to remote methods of communication, as well as psychological tensions make clear the socio-natural problems that existed before the pandemic. Along with a clear differentiation of methods of behaviorism and ethology, their nomenclature additions, it is necessary to use important manifestations of the integration of these areas of psychology. To solve this methodological problem by force only by methods of museological interpretations.
The paradigm of coevolution provides an opportunity to operate with the concept of evolutionary process in relation to heterogeneous socio-biotic systems. In the Carpathian region, the sociological strategy should integrate the positive aspects of fragmentation. Models of such coevolutionary integration are various complexes – from indigenous soil-detrital complexes of substrates and reducers to coenopopulations of species. It is the soil profiles of succession series that reflect the history of coevolution of secondary ecosystems and act as reliable benchmarks in the diagnosis of probable changes. Behavioral principles of behavioral ecology should become a normative element in the knowledge of coevolutionary changes, and the museum serves as a universal center of analysis and forecast of further coevolutionary development of human-nature relations.
Estimation the impact of the linear form of recreation on the properties of brown forest soils (for example NPP «Skolivski Beskydy», Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors: Lenevych Oksana , Maryskevych Oksana , Shpakivska Iryna
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the impact of recreational loading on brown forest soils by physical, water-physical, agrochemical and biotic properties. It was found that the density of soil structure on the trails increased by 1.1-1.9 times and field soil moisture decreases by 1.8-1.9 times. In the initial stages of recreational degression, the humus content is recorded slightly higher compared to the control area, while on trails with a higher recreational load, on the contrary, decreases by more than 50%. Indicators of biotic activity is catalase activity of soil and biomass of soil biota. Depending on the stage of recreational regression, the indicators of biotic activity decreased by 25-60% compared with the control. As the criteria for estimating the impact of recreation activities on the soil: the width of the trail, the parallels trails, the density of the soil structure and the forest litter. Аccording to the results of field and laboratory studies: trail «Starovikovi lisy» are included in the I category and the trail «Dolynoyu richky Kamyanka» to the IV category, route «Skole-Parashka» – ІІІ category.
Primeros resultados del estudio de la tecnología ósea durante el Holoceno tardío en el curso inferior del río Colorado (provincia de Buenos Aires)
Authors: Stoessel Luciana , Santos Valero Florencia , Martínez Gustavo
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo expone los primeros resultados del análisis morfológico y tecnológico de los instrumentos óseos registrados en los sitios El Tigre, San Antonio 1 y Zoko Andi 1 (curso inferior del río Colorado) asignables cronológicamente al Holoceno tardío. Los estudios realizados permitieron establecer la confección de retocadores, punzones y biseles sobre huesos largos de ungulados. A su vez, el análisis tecnológico permitió determinar, para los instrumentos realizados en huesos de guanaco, dos tipos de modalidades de confección, en las que los retocadores habrían tenido una secuencia de producción particular. De esta manera, si bien los análisis deben complementarse con estudios de desechos de talla yfuncionales, la información generada permitió ampliar el conocimiento sobre las tecnologías (e.g., lítica y cerámica) empleadas por estos grupos cazadores-recolectores.
SARS-CoV-2 Leading Vaccine Candidates: Progress and Development
Authors: Amraiz Deeba , Fatima Munazza , Navid Muhammad Tariq
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that originated in China in December 2019, spread globally and was declared a public health emergency of international concern by WHO. The genome sequence of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was made available publicly in an unprecedented time that allowed rapid research and development to combat this deadly virus. Due to the absence of therapeutics, vaccines could be a promising solution towards the control and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections. As a quick response to this pandemic, the already established vaccine platforms are being explored for development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of experimental vaccines are emerging in a record time. In this review various vaccine strategies that include nucleic acid (mRNA and DNA), viral vector based, partial or complete genome based inactivated, and protein subunit vaccines are summarized. We have also highlighted the status of clinical trials currently in progress and the preliminary findings of these frontrunner vaccine candidates. To eradicate the current COVID-19 pandemic and to prevent future outbreaks, successful vaccine platforms should be capable of scalable manufacturing and global distribution.
Bioshield: Linking Bioscience, Biosecurity and Strategic Plan for Biodefense in Pandemics
Authors: Sajjad Wasim
Published: December 2020

Biological threats, whether intentional, unintentional or natural are considered most dangerous hazards worldwide, seriously affecting the health system and global economy. In 21st century where scientists were busy to create superhuman, COVID-19 outbreak spread to 212 countries, struck the world and we found ourselves ill equipped as international comity to defeat the virus. The economic, health and political foundation were shacked globally and exposed the global health security system due to poor implementations of the policy guidelines. Similarly, Pakistan being an endemic region for emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, encountered badly by numerous different outbreaks in past. Pakistan share border with China, India, Iran and Afghanistan and increase influx of travelers through both air and land route puts Pakistan at high risk to the infectious agents. In 21st century the game of bio warfare cannot be eliminated and pose significant challenges to the security. Countries who learned from past like Korea, China with best preparedness readiness and response tackled the situation as they have best biosecurity, biorisk management system. Biosecurity as biodefense against outbreaks, pandemics, biological warfare and bioterrorism has been underestimated in developing countries like Pakistan and therefore need to highlight the urgency at national level to cope with any future outbreaks. Risk assessment, and mitigation strategies through collaborative work should need to adopt by stakeholders for strategic plan of biosecurity. Better means to protect military, health care workers operating in difficult environment are also needed. A national biosecurity system in response to outbreaks, prioritizing the emergency R&D in diagnostics, establishing high containment facilities, vaccination should be initiated. Moreover, a permanent national defense force or bio-umbrella on biosecurity should be established to shield the country from biological, chemical, nuclear and radiological threat agents. National Biological Defense Program (NBDP) should be initiated to train and protect military personnel against wide range of biological threat.