bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value of composite Normalized Difference Vegetative Index and growing degree days data in Oklahoma, 1999 to 2018
Authors: Figueiredo Bruno , Dhillon Jagmandeep , Eickhoff Elizabeth , Nambi Eva , Raun William
Published: January 2020

For over 25 yr, sensor‐based Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) data has been collected from both satellite imagery and near‐plant (3‐m) readings. Because calibrated NDVI data coming from active sensors is still relatively new, limited research has returned to evaluate databases including multiple years and environments. Composite NDVI readings and final grain yield were collected from 1999 to 2018. This included growing degree day (GDD) records for each mid‐season sensor measurement. This was attempted to potentially improve the use of a historical and subjective morphological scale. Using location‐specific‐archived‐data from the Oklahoma Mesonet, the exact number of days from planting to sensing where GDD > 0 for each date and location were compiled. The ensuing relationship between NDVI (for a predetermined GDD > 0 range) and yield was determined. Grain yield prediction was improved between 80 and 115 GDDs. These ranges further targeted a climatologically identifiable metric that precisely determined when to collect sensor readings in future years. Compared with the current composite yield prediction equation for Oklahoma, the new exponential function created from this study was higher in the lower‐yielding environments. Underestimation of fertilizer N rates has been voiced by producers in recent years. This has likely been the product of more current varieties, more efficient farming practices, and increased optimum N rates needed for higher yields. This validates the adoption of a new YP0 equation for OSU's on‐line Sensor Based Nitrogen Rate Calculator, allowing accurate yield prediction between 80 and 115 GDDs.
Active lifestyles moderate clinical outcomes in autosomal dominant frontotemporal degeneration
Authors: Casaletto K. B. , Staffaroni A. M. , Wolf A. , Appleby B. , Brushaber D. , Coppola G. , Dickerson B. , Domoto‐Reilly K. , Elahi F. M. , Fields J. , Fong J. C. , Forsberg L. , Ghoshal N. , Graff‐Radford N. , Grossman M. , Heuer H. W. , Hsiung G.‐Y. , Huey E. D. , Irwin D. , Kantarci K. , Kaufer D. , Kerwin D. , Knopman D. , Kornak J. , Kramer J. H. , Litvan I. , Mackenzie I. R. , Mendez M. , Miller B. , Rademakers R. , Ramos E. M. , Rascovsky K. , Roberson E. D. , Syrjanen J. A. , Tartaglia M. C. , Weintraub S. , Boeve B. , Boxer A. L. , Rosen H. , Yaffe K. ,   the ARTFL/LEFFTDS Study
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Leisure activities impact brain aging and may be prevention targets. We characterized how physical and cognitive activities relate to brain health for the first time in autosomal dominant frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

Methods

A total of 105 mutation carriers (C9orf72/MAPT/GRN) and 69 non‐carriers reported current physical and cognitive activities at baseline, and completed longitudinal neurobehavioral assessments and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Results

Greater physical and cognitive activities were each associated with an estimated >55% slower clinical decline per year among dominant gene carriers. There was also an interaction between leisure activities and frontotemporal atrophy on cognition in mutation carriers. High‐activity carriers with frontotemporal atrophy (−1 standard deviation/year) demonstrated >two‐fold better cognitive performances per year compared to their less active peers with comparable atrophy rates.

Discussion

Active lifestyles were associated with less functional decline and moderated brain‐to‐behavior relationships longitudinally. More active carriers “outperformed” brain volume, commensurate with a cognitive reserve hypothesis. Lifestyle may confer clinical resilience, even in autosomal dominant FTLD.
Two‐stage Bayesian GWAS of 9576 individuals identifies SNP regions that are targeted by miRNAs inversely expressed in Alzheimer's and cancer
Authors: Pathak Gita A. , Zhou Zhengyang , Silzer Talisa K. , Barber Robert C. , Phillips Nicole R. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium, and Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium
Published: January 2020

Introduction

We compared genetic variants between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two age‐related cancers—breast and prostate —to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with inverse comorbidity of AD and cancer.

Methods

Bayesian multinomial regression was used to compare sex‐stratified cases (AD and cancer) against controls in a two‐stage study. A ±500 KB region around each replicated hit was imputed and analyzed after merging individuals from the two stages. The microRNAs (miRNAs) that target the genes involving these SNPs were analyzed for miRNA family enrichment.

Results

We identified 137 variants with inverse odds ratios for AD and cancer located on chromosomes 19, 4, and 5. The mapped miRNAs within the network were enriched for miR‐17 and miR‐515 families.

Discussion

The identified SNPs were rs4298154 (intergenic), within TOMM40/APOE/APOC1, MARK4, CLPTM1, and near the VDAC1/FSTL4 locus. The miRNAs identified in our network have been previously reported to have inverse expression in AD and cancer.
PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP mutations in 404 Chinese pedigrees with familial Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jia Longfei , Fu Yue , Shen Luxi , Zhang Heng , Zhu Min , Qiu Qiongqiong , Wang Qi , Yan Xin , Kong Chaojun , Hao Jing , Wei Cuibai , Tang Yi , Qin Wei , Li Ying , Wang Fen , Guo Dongmei , Zhou Aihong , Zuo Xiumei , Yu Yueyi , Li Dan , Zhao Lina , Jin Hongmei , Jia Jianping
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The PSENs/APP mutation distribution in Chinese patients with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the genetic features of Chinese FAD pedigrees with and without PSENs/APP mutations.

Methods

In total, 1330 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment in 404 pedigrees were enrolled from the Chinese Familial Alzheimer's Disease Network. PSENs/APP mutations and APOE frequencies were determined.

Results

In total, 13.12% of pedigrees carried PSENs/APP missense mutations, 3.71% carried PSENs/APP synonymous/untranslated region variants, and 83.17% did not carry PSENs/APP mutations. Eleven missense mutations were first identified. In patients without PSENs/APP mutations, 44.31% carried one APOEε4 allele, and 14.85% two APOEε4 alleles.

Discussion

The new PSENs/APP mutations indicate heterogeneity in AD pathogenesis between Chinese and other ethnic groups. The low mutation rate suggests the involvement of other genes/factors in Chinese FAD. APOEε4 might be a major gene for some FAD without PSENs/APP mutations.
Awareness of genetic risk in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN)
Authors: Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , James Bryan D. , McDade Eric , Wang Guoqiao , Lim Yen Ying , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Cruchaga Carlos , Goate Alison , Xiong Chengjie , Perrin Richard , Buckles Virginia , Allegri Ricardo , Berman Sarah B. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Fagan Anne , Farlow Martin , O'Connor Antoinette , Ghetti Bernardino , Graff‐Radford Neill , Goldman Jill , Gräber Susanne , Karch Celeste M. , Lee Jae‐Hong , Levin Johannes , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin , Mori Hiroshi , Noble James , Salloway Stephen , Schofield Peter , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Hassenstab Jason ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Although some members of families with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutations learn their mutation status, most do not. How knowledge of mutation status affects clinical disease progression is unknown. This study quantifies the influence of mutation awareness on clinical symptoms, cognition, and biomarkers.

Methods

Mutation carriers and non‐carriers from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) were stratified based on knowledge of mutation status. Rates of change on standard clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging outcomes were examined.

Results

Mutation knowledge had no associations with cognitive decline, clinical progression, amyloid deposition, hippocampal volume, or depression in either carriers or non‐carriers. Carriers who learned their status mid‐study had slightly higher levels of depression and lower cognitive scores.

Discussion

Knowledge of mutation status does not affect rates of change on any measured outcome. Learning of status mid‐study may confer short‐term changes in cognitive functioning, or changes in cognition may influence the determination of mutation status.
Genetic screening of a large series of North American sporadic and familial frontotemporal dementia cases
Authors: Ramos Eliana Marisa , Dokuru Deepika Reddy , Van Berlo Victoria , Wojta Kevin , Wang Qing , Huang Alden Y. , Deverasetty Sandeep , Qin Yue , van Blitterswijk Marka , Jackson Jazmyne , Appleby Brian , Bordelon Yvette , Brannelly Patrick , Brushaber Danielle E. , Dickerson Bradford , Dickinson Susan , Domoto‐Reilly Kimiko , Faber Kelley , Fields Julie , Fong Jamie , Foroud Tatiana , Forsberg Leah K. , Gavrilova Ralitza , Ghoshal Nupur , Goldman Jill , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Graff‐Radford Neill , Grant Ian , Grossman Murray , Heuer Hilary W. , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek R. , Huey Edward , Irwin David , Kantarci Kejal , Karydas Anna , Kaufer Daniel , Kerwin Diana , Knopman David , Kornak John , Kramer Joel H. , Kremers Walter , Kukull Walter , Litvan Irene , Ljubenkov Peter , Lungu Codrin , Mackenzie Ian , Mendez Mario F. , Miller Bruce L. , Onyike Chiadi , Pantelyat Alexander , Pearlman Rodney , Petrucelli Len , Potter Madeline , Rankin Katherine P. , Rascovsky Katya , Roberson Erik D. , Rogalski Emily , Shaw Leslie , Syrjanen Jeremy , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Tatton Nadine , Taylor Joanne , Toga Arthur , Trojanowski John Q. , Weintraub Sandra , Wong Bonnie , Wszolek Zbigniew , Rademakers Rosa , Boeve Brad F. , Rosen Howard J. , Boxer Adam L. ,   on behalf of the ARTFL/LEFFTDS consortium, Coppola Giovanni
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The Advancing Research and Treatment for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (ARTFL) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects (LEFFTDS) consortia are two closely connected studies, involving multiple North American centers that evaluate both sporadic and familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) participants and study longitudinal changes.

Methods

We screened the major dementia‐associated genes in 302 sporadic and 390 familial (symptomatic or at‐risk) participants enrolled in these studies.

Results

Among the sporadic patients, 16 (5.3%) carried chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT), and progranulin (GRN) pathogenic variants, whereas in the familial series we identified 207 carriers from 146 families. Of interest, one patient was found to carry a homozygous C9orf72 expansion, while another carried both a C9orf72 expansion and a GRN pathogenic variant. We also identified likely pathogenic variants in the TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and valosin containing protein (VCP) genes, and a subset of variants of unknown significance in other rare FTD genes.

Discussion

Our study reports the genetic characterization of a large FTD series and supports an unbiased sequencing screen, irrespective of clinical presentation or family history.
Polysomnographic assessment of suvorexant in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease dementia and insomnia: a randomized trial
Authors: Herring W. Joseph , Ceesay Paulette , Snyder Ellen , Bliwise Donald , Budd Kerry , Hutzelmann Jill , Stevens Joanne , Lines Christopher , Michelson David
Published: January 2020

Introduction

We evaluated the clinical profile of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant for treating insomnia in patients with mild‐to‐moderate probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia.

Methods

Randomized, double‐blind, 4‐week trial of suvorexant 10 mg (could be increased to 20 mg based on clinical response) or placebo in patients who met clinical diagnostic criteria for both probable AD dementia and insomnia. Sleep was assessed by overnight polysomnography in a sleep laboratory. The primary endpoint was change‐from‐baseline in polysomnography‐derived total sleep time (TST) at week 4.

Results

Of 285 participants randomized (suvorexant, N = 142; placebo, N = 143), 277 (97%) completed the trial (suvorexant, N = 136; placebo, N = 141). At week 4, the model‐based least squares mean improvement‐from‐baseline in TST was 73 minutes for suvorexant and 45 minutes for placebo; (difference = 28 minutes [95% confidence interval 11‐45], p < 0.01). Somnolence was reported in 4.2% of suvorexant‐treated patients and 1.4% of placebo‐treated patients.

Discussion

Suvorexant improved TST in patients with probable AD dementia and insomnia.
Comparison of sporadic and familial behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in a North American cohort
Authors: Heuer Hilary W. , Wang P. , Rascovsky K. , Wolf A. , Appleby B. , Bove J. , Bordelon Y. , Brannelly P. , Brushaber D.E. , Caso C. , Coppola G. , Dickerson B. , Dickinson S. , Domoto‐Reilly K. , Faber K. , Ferrall J. , Fields J. , Fishman A. , Fong J. , Foroud T. , Forsberg L.K. , Gearhart D. , Ghazanfari B. , Ghoshal N. , Goldman J. , Graff‐Radford J. , Graff‐Radford N. , Grant I. , Grossman M. , Haley D. , Hsiung G.‐Y. , Huey E. , Irwin D. , Jones D. , Kantarci K. , Karydas A. , Kaufer D. , Kerwin D. , Knopman D. , Kornak J. , Kramer J.H. , Kraft R. , Kremers W.K. , Kukull W. , Litvan I. , Ljubenkov P. , Mackenzie I.R. , Maldonado M. , Manoochehri M. , McGinnis S. , McKinley E. , Mendez M.F. , Miller B.L. , Onyike C. , Pantelyat A. , Pearlman R. , Petrucelli L. , Potter M. , Rademakers R. , Ramos E.M. , Rankin K.P. , Roberson E.D. , Rogalski E. , Sengdy P. , Shaw L. , Syrjanen J. , Tartaglia M.C. , Tatton N. , Taylor J. , Toga A. , Trojanowski J. , Weintraub S. , Wong B. , Wszolek Z. , Boeve B.F. , Rosen H.J. , Boxer A.L. ,   on behalf of the ARTFL and LEFFTDS consortia
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) may present sporadically or due to an autosomal dominant mutation. Characterization of both forms will improve understanding of the generalizability of assessments and treatments.

Methods

A total of 135 sporadic (s‐bvFTD; mean age 63.3 years; 34% female) and 99 familial (f‐bvFTD; mean age 59.9; 48% female) bvFTD participants were identified. f‐bvFTD cases included 43 with known or presumed chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene expansions, 28 with known or presumed microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) mutations, 14 with known progranulin (GRN) mutations, and 14 with a strong family history of FTD but no identified mutation.

Results

Participants with f‐bvFTD were younger and had earlier age at onset. s‐bvFTD had higher total Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) scores due to more frequent endorsement of depression and irritability.

Discussion

f‐bvFTD and s‐bvFTD cases are clinically similar, suggesting the generalizability of novel biomarkers, therapies, and clinical tools developed in either form to the other.
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis due to a strict low‐carbohydrate diet during treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
Authors: Fukuyama Yuita , Numata Kenji , Yoshino Kaede , Santanda Takushi , Funakoshi Hiraku
Published: January 2020

Background

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a critical clinical presentation that can occur during treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. However, little is known regarding how a low‐carbohydrate diet in combination with this treatment can increase the risk for this condition. Here, we report a case of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient treated with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors after initiation of a low‐carbohydrate diet.

Case Presentation

A 54‐year‐old woman who was taking canagliflozin was transferred to our hospital with severe dyspnea. She had been started on a strict low‐carbohydrate diet for 6 days before admission. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe ketoacidosis and a blood glucose level of 196 mg/dL. After her symptoms improved, she was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion

Although low‐carbohydrate diets are recommended for patients with diabetes mellitus, physicians should exercise great caution in recommending low‐carbohydrate diets to patients undergoing treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
A Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structure for Charge Transport and Active Sites in Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Bi Ruyi , Xu Nan , Ren Hao , Yang Nailiang , Sun Yonggang , Cao Anmin , Yu Ranbo , Wang Dan
Published: January 2020

The lithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) has attracted tremendous research interest because it meets both the requirement on high energy and power densities. The balance between effective surface areas and mass transport is highly desired to fabricate the optimized electrode material for LIC. Now, triple‐shelled (3S) Nb2O5 hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs) were synthesized for the first time through the sequential templating approach and then applied for the anode of LIC. The unique structure of HoMSs, such as large efficient surface area, hierarchical pores, and multiple shells, provides abundant reaction sites, decreases the electron transport resistance, and increases the diffusion rate for ion transport. In this case, the best combination performance has been achieved among all the reported Nb2O5‐based materials, which delivered an excellent energy and power densities simultaneously, and superb cycling stability.
Multiphotonen‐Anregung in der Photoredoxkatalyse: Konzepte, Anwendungen und Methoden
Authors: Glaser Felix , Kerzig Christoph , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: January 2020

Die Energie sichtbarer Photonen und die zugänglichen Redoxpotentiale üblicher Photokatalysatoren schränken die Anzahl derjenigen Photoreaktionen ein, die durch sichtbares Licht angetrieben werden können. Da UV‐Anregung schädlich ist und häufig Nebenreaktionen auslöst, ist sichtbares Licht oder sogar NIR‐Strahlung vorzuziehen. Die Photochemie befasst sich momentan mit einer zweischneidigen Herausforderung, und zwar mit dem Wunsch, immer thermodynamisch anspruchsvollere Reaktionen mit immer kleineren Photonenenergien durchführen zu können. Das Akkumulieren der Energie zweier energiearmer Photonen kann dazu passende Lösungsansätze liefern. Obwohl die Multiphotonen‐Spektroskopie gut etabliert ist, haben Photoredox‐Synthesechemiker erst kürzlich begonnen, Multiphotonen‐Prozesse präparativ zu nutzen. Hier werfen wir einen kritischen Blick auf kürzlich entwickelte Reaktionen und mechanistische Konzepte, diskutieren einschlägige experimentelle Methoden und geben einen Ausblick auf mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen dieses jungen Forschungsgebiets.
Large Deformation of a DNA‐Origami Nanoarm Induced by the Cumulative Actuation of Tension‐Adjustable Modules
Authors: Suzuki Yuki , Kawamata Ibuki , Mizuno Kohei , Murata Satoshi
Published: January 2020

Making use of the programmability and structural flexibility of the DNA molecule, a DNA‐origami nanoarm capable of undergoing large deformation is constructed. This DNA‐origami nanoarm comprised serially repeated tension‐adjustable modules, the cumulative actuation of which resulted in a large deformation of the arm structure, which transformed from a linear shape into an arched shape. Combining atomic force microscopy and theoretical analyses based on the mechanics of materials, we demonstrate that the degree of deformation can be systematically controlled by merely replacing a set of strands that is required for the actuation of the module. Moreover, by employing a G‐quadruplex‐forming sequence for the actuation, we could achieve reversible ion‐induced contraction and relaxation of the nanoarm. The adjustability and scalability of this design could enable the production of DNA nanodevices that exhibit large deformation in response to external stimuli.
Fernpartizipation in Glykosylierungen von Galaktose‐Bausteinen: Direktnachweis durch kryogene Schwingungsspektroskopie
Authors: Marianski Mateusz , Mucha Eike , Greis Kim , Moon Sooyeon , Pardo Alonso , Kirschbaum Carla , Thomas Daniel A. , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Gilmore Kerry , Seeberger Peter H. , Pagel Kevin
Published: January 2020

Die stereoselektive Bildung von 1,2‐cis‐glykosidischen Bindungen ist bislang sehr anspruchsvoll. Häufig wird diese 1,2‐cis‐Selektivität durch Fernpartizipation (remote participation) von C4‐ oder C6‐Estergruppen herbeigeführt. Hierbei wird davon ausgegangen, dass ein ionisches Schlüsselintermediat, das Glykosylkation, gebildet wird. Obwohl derartige Mechanismen bereits vor Jahrzehnten postuliert wurden, konnte die exakte Struktur dieses Intermediats aufgrund seiner Kurzlebigkeit bisher nicht aufgeklärt werden. In dieser Studie nutzen wir kryogene Schwingungsspektroskopie und quantenchemische Rechnungen, um die Strukturen dieser Glykosylkationen aufzuklären. Acetylgruppen an der C4‐Position führen zur selektiven Bildung von α‐Galaktosiden, indem eine kovalente Bindung zum anomeren Kohlenstoff gebildet wird. Überraschenderweise können auch Benzylgruppen die stereoselektive Bildung von 1,2‐cis‐glykosidischen Bindungen durch Fernpartizipation herbeiführen.
In Situ Reconstruction of a Hierarchical Sn‐Cu/SnOxCore/Shell Catalyst for High‐Performance CO2Electroreduction
Authors: Ye Ke , Zhou Zhiwen , Shao Jiaqi , Lin Long , Gao Dunfeng , Ta Na , Si Rui , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: January 2020

The electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) to give C1(formate and CO) products is one of the most techno‐economically achievable strategies for alleviating CO2emissions. Now, it is demonstrated that the SnOxshell in Sn2.7Cu catalyst with a hierarchical Sn‐Cu core can be reconstructed in situ under cathodic potentials of CO2RR. The resulting Sn2.7Cu catalyst achieves a high current density of 406.7±14.4 mA cm−2with C1Faradaic efficiency of 98.0±0.9 % at −0.70 V vs. RHE, and remains stable at 243.1±19.2 mA cm−2with a C1Faradaic efficiency of 99.0±0.5 % for 40 h at −0.55 V vs. RHE. DFT calculations indicate that the reconstructed Sn/SnOxinterface facilitates formic acid production by optimizing binding of the reaction intermediate HCOO* while promotes Faradaic efficiency of C1products by suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction, resulting in high Faradaic efficiency, current density, and stability of CO2RR at low overpotentials.
Hybrid nanoflowers bearing tetraphenylporphyrin assembled on copper(II) or cobalt(II) inorganic material: A green efficient catalyst for hydrogenation of nitrobenzenes in water
Authors: Dayan Serkan , Altinkaynak Cevahir , Kayaci Nilgün , Doğan Şengül Dilem , Özdemir Nalan , Ozpozan Nilgün Kalaycioglu
Published: January 2020

Simple fabrication of organic–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (TPP@CuhNfs and TPP@CohNfs) was achieved with tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) as organic counterpart and Cu2+ or Co2+ ions as inorganic materials via a green route, with lower cost and controlled pH. The effect of pH levels and TPP concentrations on the morphology of the TPP@CuhNfs and TPP@CohNfs materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy (energy‐dispersive X‐ray [EDX]). The formation and chemical structures of TPP@CuhNfs and TPP@CohNfs were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared. Elemental analyses of these hybrid nanoflowers were carried out by EDX. The fabricated TPP@CuhNfs and TPP@CohNfs nanomaterials under optimum conditions act as effective reusable catalysts for the hydrogenation of nitroanilines in aqueous media at ambient temperature. The time‐dependent hydrogenation can be easily monitored spectrophotometrically and verified by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance. These types of the catalytic reaction or system are recorded to be useful toward the hydrogenation of nitroanilines, regardless of the position and type of substrate. Moreover, TPP@CuhNfs and TPP@CohNfs catalysts demonstrated a type of metal ions‐dependent catalytic efficiency toward hydrogenation of nitroanilines (organic pollutants), with TPP@CuhNfs found to be more effective than TPP@CohNfs. However, both catalysts containing Cu2+ and Co2+ ions showed good performance and can be reused at least five times without a significant decline in yield. The presented approach based on hybrid nanoflowers provides as a low cost and ecofriendly method (green route) for different catalytic hydrogenations.
DFT Study on the Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Heterocyclization of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones to form 2,3‐Furan‐Fused Carbocycles: Effects of Additives C5H5NO vs. PhNO
Authors: Yuan Binfang , Chen Jinyang , Wang Guangzhao , Zhang Fulan , Fang Luqiu , Guo Xiaogang , Huang Huisheng , He Rongxing
Published: January 2020

A computational study with the M06/B3LYP density functional is carried out to explore the effects of additives C5H5NO vs. PhNO on the gold‐catalyzed dehydrogenative heterocyclization of 2‐(1‐alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones to form 2,3‐furan‐fused carbocycles. The following three conclusions are obtained based on our theoretical calculations. (a) The Au(I) catalyst plays a crucial role on the intramolecular cyclization reaction. (b) Both additives C5H5NO and PhNO as the proton shuttle can assist proton‐transfer through a two‐step proton‐transfer mechanism including the protonation of additive and the deprotonation of additive‐H+, whereas the catalytic capability of PhNO is weaker than that of C5H5NO (energy barrier: 90.6 vs. 33.2 kJ/mol). (c) C5H5NO‐H+ has stronger stability comparing with PhNO‐H+ because the basicity of C5H5NO is stronger than that of PhNO, which cause that the energy barrier of ts3 + PhNO‐H+ (131.5 kJ/mol) is higher than that of ts3 + C5H5NO‐H+ (60.5 kJ/mol) in the intermolecular addition. Therefore, the base strength is the primary factor that controls the catalytic capability of additives C5H5NO vs. PhNO. These studies are expected to improve our understanding of Au(I)‐catalyzed reactions involving additive as the cocatalyst and to provide guidance for the future design of new catalysts and new reactions.
Synthesis of putrescine‐imprinted double‐layer nanofiber membrane by electrospinning for the selective recognition of putrescine
Authors: Ying Xiaoguang , Huang Min , Li Xiao
Published: January 2020

In this work, we have developed a double‐layer nanofiber membrane (NFM) with high selectivity based on molecular imprinting technique by electrospinning methods and applied it in recognizing putrescine. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as spinning solution, 1,4‐butylene glycol as the imitate template, and ninhydrin as chromogenic agent. The adsorption of the putrescine is corresponded to purple‐color stains on the NFM, which is digitizing intuitively by the ImageJ software. By quantifying the gray value of the stains on the NFM, its imprinting efficiency (IE) is estimated. The adsorption performance of the double‐layer molecular imprinted NFM was studied in detail, showing higher adsorption capacity (71.912 mg mL−1), shorter adsorption equilibrium time of 40 min and higher selectivity to putrescine than our previous works. Furthermore, the material showed remarkable selectivity for putrescine with respect to other three kinds of aliphatic amine in similar molecular structure. The selectivity coefficient (α) of putrescine against cadaverine, spermine, and spermidine are calculated to be 1.734, 2.224, and 2.576, respectively. In addition, since PVA is a water‐soluble material, the NFM is not reusable. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48932.
Autonomous Discovery of Materials for Intercalation Electrodes
Authors: Bölle Felix T. , Mathiesen Nicolai R. , Nielsen Alexander J. , Vegge Tejs , Garcia‐Lastra Juan Maria , Castelli Ivano E.
Published: January 2020

The development of automated computational tools is required to accelerate the discovery of novel battery materials. In this work, we design and implement a workflow, in the framework of Density Functional Theory, which autonomously identifies materials to be used as intercalation electrodes in batteries, based on descriptors like adsorption energies and diffusion barriers. A substantial acceleration for the calculations of the kinetic properties is obtained due to a recent implementation of the Nudged Elastic Bands (NEB) method, which takes into consideration the symmetries of the system to reduce the number of images to calculate. We have applied this workflow to discover new cathode materials for Mg batteries, where two of these materials display a threefold increase in the potential of the Chevrel phase, the state‐of‐the‐art cathode in commercial prototype Mg batteries.
Roles of cognitive load and self‐relevance during emotional information searching on decision‐making
Authors: Li Meijia , Peng Huamao , Ji Lingling
Published: January 2020

Older adults have been found to favor positive stimuli over negative stimuli; further, developing a negative preference may be a cognitively demanding process. In the present study, we focused on the joint effects task self‐relevance and cognitive load have on older adults' emotional information preferences when performing decision‐making. To examine this, we used multi‐attribute decision tasks and process‐tracing procedure to measure their searching process. The study composed of a 2 (age: young/old) × 2 (cognitive load: load/non‐load) × 3 (attribute valence: positive/neutral/negative) × 3 (task self‐relevance: high/medium/low) mixed design. Sixty‐one young adults and 62 older adults viewed 5 (alternatives) × 5 (attributes) decision matrices that contained positive, negative, and neutral information, with the total views and mean time spent viewing each different valence (positive, negative, and neutral information) set as dependent variables. The results indicated that both young and old adults have no emotional information preference in regard to self‐relevance. When under no cognitive load, both positive and negative information were viewed more than neutral information; however, under cognitive load, preference for negative information decreased; this effect size was more robust in older adults. There was also a main effect of self‐relevance on total views and mean checking time, with attributes concerning higher self‐relevance tasks being more likely to attract attention. Older adults exhibited a consistent hedonic focus, even in highly self‐relevant contexts; however, this effect disappeared under cognitive load. Overall, the findings suggest that cognitive resources play an important role in emotional information processing during decision processes.
Preference or ability: Exploring the relations between risk preference, personality, and cognitive abilities
Authors: Millroth Philip , Juslin Peter , Winman Anders , Nilsson Håkan , Lindskog Marcus
Published: January 2020

Key issues in the behavioral sciences are if there exist stable risk preferences that generalize across domains and if these are best measured by revealed risk preference (RRP) in behavioral decision tasks or by surveys eliciting stated risk preference (SRP). We applied network analysis to data from a representative Swedish sample to investigate the relations between RRP, SRP, personality characteristics, and cognitive abilities, using in total over 70 measurements. The results showed that different measures of RRP were poorly intercorrelated and formed a community together with measures of numerical and cognitive abilities. Measures of SRP were weakly correlated with measures of RRP and identified in a distinctly separate community, along with personality characteristics and gender. The ensuing analyses provided support for a model suggesting that RRPs are contaminated by demands on numerical and cognitive abilities. RRPs may thus suffer from poor construct validity, whereas SRPs may better capture people's everyday risk preferences because they are related to more stable traits.
Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using 3D Magnetic Scaffolds
Authors: Aldebs Alyaa I. , Zohora Fatema T. , Nosoudi Nasim , Singh Surinder P. , Ramirez‐Vick Jaime E.
Published: January 2020

Alternative bone regeneration strategies that do not rely on harvested tissue or exogenous growth factors are needed. One of the major challenges in tissue reconstruction is recreating the bone tissue microenvironment using the appropriate combination of cells, scaffold, and stimulation to direct differentiation. This study presents a bone regeneration formulation that involves the use of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) and a three‐dimensional (3D) hydrogel scaffold based on self‐assembled RADA16 peptides containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Although superparamagnetic NPs could be used as stimulus to manipulate the cell proliferation and differentiation, in this paper their use is explored for assisting osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in conjunction with direct stimulation by extremely low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (pEMFs). Cellular morphology, proliferation, and viability, as well as alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenic capacity were monitored for cells cultured up to 21 days in the 3D construct. The results show that the pEMFs and NPs do not have any negative effect on cell viability, but instead distinctly induced early differentiation of hASCs to an osteoblastic phenotype, when compared with cells without biophysical stimulation. This effect is attributed to synergy between the pEMFs and NPs, which may have stimulated mechanotransduction pathways, which, in turn activated biochemical signals between cells to differentiate or proliferate. This approach may offer a safe and effective option for the treatment of non‐union bone fractures. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 The Authors.Bioelectromagneticspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of Li+ ions on the surface morphology and thermoluminescence properties of Y2O3:Tm3+ nanophosphor
Authors: Shivaramu N.J. , Coetsee E. , Swart H.C.
Published: January 2020

Y2O3:Tm3+ and Li+ co‐doped Y2O3:Tm3+ nanopowders were synthesized using the solution combustion method for possible application in ultraviolet (UV) light dosimetry. X‐ray diffraction revealed the crystallite sizes to be in the range 21–44 nm and 30–121 nm using the Scherrer equation and the W‐H plot relationship, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed that, after co‐doping with 4 mol% concentration of Li+, the particles were spherical in nature with an average size of ~30 nm. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy results showed bands at wavenumbers of 556, 1499, 1704, 2342, 2358, 2973, 3433, and 3610 cm−1 that corresponded to the stretching and bending vibrations of Y–O, C=O and O–H. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow peaks for Y2O3:Tm3+ nanophosphors observed at 399 and 590 K were attributed to oxygen defects caused using UV irradiation. These oxygen defects firstly resulted in an increased prominent peak TL intensity for up to 270 min of irradiation and then a decrease. This was attributed to the presence of oxygen defect clusters that caused a reduction in recombination centres. The Li+ co‐doped sample showed peaks at 356, 430, and 583 K and its intensity sublinearly increased up to 90 min and then thereafter decreased. The TL trapping parameters were calculated using computerized glow curve deconvolution methods. The Li+ co‐doped sample exhibited less fading and high trap density under the UV radiation.
Comparison of different protocols of Morris water maze in cognitive impairment with heart failure
Authors: Lu Ziwen , Yang Tao , Wang Lei , Qiu Qi , Zhao Yizhou , Wu Aiming , Li Tong , Cheng Wenkun , Wang Baofu , Li Yang , Yang Jingjing , Zhao Mingjing
Published: January 2020

Aim

This study aimed to find a more sensitive and systematic behavioral evaluation protocol to evaluate the cognitive impairment in rats with heart failure (HF).

Methods and results

An HF rat model was built by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The cardiac function and structure were detected using echocardiography. Myocardial histopathological changes were observed by nitro blue tetrazolium and hematoxylin–eosin staining. The cognitive functions were evaluated using the acquisition task, probe trial, reversal test, and matching‐to‐sample test of the Morris water maze. In the probe trial, the number of times the rats in the model group crossed the platform site significantly decreased compared with that in the sham group. In the reversal test, the average latency was significantly longer in the sham group compared with the model group in the first trial but was shorter in the second and third trials. In the matching‐to‐sample test, the average latency of Trial1 increased significantly in the model group compared with the sham group, while no obvious difference was observed in Trial2. Therefore, the difference in the average latency between Trial1 and Trial2 of the model group was significantly larger.

Conclusions

The cognitive impairment in rats with HF mainly reflected in the long‐term and working memory, spatial learning, and reversal learning ability. The probe trial and reversal test in the water maze may be more sensitive and preferred to evaluate cognitive function after HF. These findings would provide a brief evaluation protocol for further studies on the relationship between cognitive function and HF.
Operation spinal cord regeneration: Patterning information residing in extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Lu Alexander , Baker‐Nigh Alaina , Sun Peng
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Spinal cord injuries are devastating, with many complications beyond paralysis and loss of sensory function. Although spinal cord regeneration can revolutionize treatment for spinal cord injuries, the goal has not yet been achieved. The regenerative mechanism of axolotls demonstrates that the regeneration is a repeat of developmental process that all animals have all the genes, but axolotls have both the genes and the patterning information to do it at the adult stage.

Methods

A narrative review was conducted. Relevant studies were collected via an English‐language PubMed database search and those known to the authors.

Results

Research during the past 30 years reveals that growth factors, along with spinal cord extracellular matrix, especially glycosaminoglycans, regulates axonal regrowth. Degrading chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans by injecting the bacterial enzyme chondroitinase improves axonal sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in both rodents and rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, the brain is one of the first organs to develop during the embryonic period, and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are key molecules required for brain development.

Conclusions

Patterning information residing in glycosaminoglycans might be key elements in restricting spinal cord regeneration. A recommended solution is not to edit the human genome, considering the conserved signaling pathways between animals, but to take advantage of the regenerative mechanism of axolotls and the current knowledge about the pattern‐forming glycosaminoglycans for successful spinal cord regeneration and clinical applications.
Accepting Muslim minority practices: A case of discriminatory or normative intolerance?
Authors: Sleijpen Sander , Verkuyten Maykel , Adelman Levi
Published: January 2020

West European societies have seen strong debates about the acceptance of Muslim minority practices. In the current research we sought to better understand intolerance by examining whether people use a double standard in which the same practices are tolerated of Christians but not of Muslims (discriminatory intolerance), or rather reject the practices independently of the religious minority group because these are considered to contradict society's normative ways of life (normative intolerance). The results of two survey‐embedded experiments among native Dutch were most in agreement with an interpretation in terms of normative intolerance rather than discriminatory intolerance. This suggests that the rejection of Muslim practices has less to do with Muslims per se but rather with the perceived normative deviance of the practices, independently of the religious minority group. These findings broaden the research on anti‐Muslim sentiments and thereby the debate on the place of Islam within Western liberal societies.
Anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome‐Cdc‐20 promotes Zwint‐1 degradation
Authors: He Yan , Li Rui , Gu Liming , Deng Huixiong , Zhao Ying , Guo Yingzhu , Yu Shun , Wang Gefei
Published: January 2020

ZW10 interactor (Zwint‐1) is an important component of the centromere and can recruit the dynamic protein kinase and dynein to promote chromosome movement and regulate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Zwint‐1 activity is tightly regulated during the cell cycle. However, how the stability of Zwint‐1 is regulated has not been clarified. Here, we show that the relative levels of Zwint‐1 expression gradually decreased with the progression of cell cycling and decline sharply during mitotic exit. Treatment with cycloheximide reduced the levels of Zwint‐1 while treatment with MG132 to inhibit endogenous ubiquitin‐proteasome elevated the levels of Zwint‐1 in HEK293T cells or Hela cells. Such data suggest that Zwint‐1 may be degraded by endogenous ubiquitin‐proteasome. Furthermore, induction of cell‐division cycle protein 20 (Cdc20) overexpression decreased the levels of Zwint‐1, which was abrogated by MG132 treatment. In contrast, Cdc20 silencing promoted the accumulation of Zwint‐1. in vivo ubiquitination assay revealed that Cdc20 promoted the formation of Zwint‐1 and ubiquitin‐proteasome conjugates. Cotransfection with Cdc20 and wild‐type Zwint‐1, but not Zwint‐1ΔD‐box, reduced the levels of Zwint‐1. Immunoprecipitation and western blot analyses showed that Cdc20 interacted with wild‐type Zwint‐1, but not Zwint‐1ΔD‐box although both Zwint‐1 and Zwint‐1ΔD‐box overexpression did not induce mitotic arrest. Collectively, our data indicated that Zwint‐1 was ubiquitinated by anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)‐Cdc20 in a D‐box‐dependent manner. Therefore, the APC/C‐Cdc20 controls the stability of Zwint‐1, ensuring accurate regulation of the spindle assembly during the cell cycling in HEK293T cells.
Three‐year follow up of biodegradable polymer cobalt‐chromium sirolimus‐eluting stent (EXCROSSAL) in treating de novo coronary artery disease: Pooled analysis of CREDIT II and CREDIT III trials
Authors: Wang Geng , Ma Genshan , Tao Ling , Yuan Zuyi , Liu Huiliang , Hu Xinqun , Tong Qian , Yu Zaixin , Zhou Xuchen , Han Yaling
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To analyze the 3‐year outcomes of the biodegradable polymer cobalt‐chromium sirolimus‐eluting stent (EXCROSSAL) in CREDIT II AND III TRIALS.

Background

Though approved by CFDA, the long‐term safety and efficacy of EXCROSSAL is still unknown.

Methods

CREDIT II was a randomized trial comparing the EXCROSSAL versus EXCEL stents in patients with up to two de novo coronary lesions, and CREDIT III was a prospective, single‐arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of EXCROSSAL in broad types of de novo coronary artery lesions. We pooled the 3‐year follow‐up data of the EXCROSSAL arm of the CREDIT II and CREDIT III Trials. The primary outcome was 3‐year target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV‐MI), and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization (CI‐TLR). The patient‐oriented composite endpoint (PoCE) (all‐cause death, all MI, or any revascularization) and stent thrombosis (ST) were also analyzed.

Results

A total of 833 patients were included in this study. The incidence of TLF and PoCE in the 3‐year follow‐up were 7.6% and 12.5%, respectively. ST occurred in 0.6% of patients. In the subgroup analyses, TLF was significantly higher in small target vessels, multi‐lesion PCI, and multi‐vessel disease.

Conclusions

The 3‐year follow‐up analysis confirmed low rates of TLF and ST in EXCROSSAL, which is similar to the most widely used new generation durable polymer drug‐eluting stent.
Activity and Structural Changes of Fe‐based Catalysts during CO2 Hydrogenation towards CH4 – A Mini Review
Authors: Kirchner Johann , Baysal Zeynep , Kureti Sven
Published: January 2020

Heterogeneous iron catalysts are active in the hydrogenation of carbon oxides and are widely investigated for the production of long‐chained hydrocarbons according to the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis. Moreover, high selectivity of light hydrocarbons, such as CH4, also occurs strongly depending on reaction conditions and catalyst formulations. As a consequence, Fe catalysts reveal promising methanation activity as referred to the traditional Ni catalysts. Additionally, Fe catalysts also benefit from their low price and toxicological harmlessness. However, the dynamic behavior of iron upon CO2 hydrogenation is not yet unraveled unambiguously including phase transformations, structural changes and participation of carbon species formed. The present review highlights these complex processes of Fe catalysts with special focus on the methanation of CO2. Additionally, different analytical tools useful for ex situ and in situ studies are critically evaluated.
Universality in Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis: High‐Throughput Screening and a Priori Determination of the Rate‐Determining Reaction Step
Authors: Exner Kai S.
Published: January 2020

Material screening is commonly based on the assessment of linear scaling relations that translate to a Volcano curve in order to identify promising electrode materials, situated at the apex of the Volcano. Recently, an advanced material‐screening approach, entitled ESSI‐descriptor activity maps, has been introduced by the author. This methodology goes beyond the thermodynamic framework of Volcano plots, as the concept of ESSI‐descriptor activity maps evaluates, besides binding energies, the kinetics, applied overpotential, and catalytic symmetry in terms of the electrochemical‐step symmetry index (ESSI). Herein, the concept of ESSI‐descriptor activity maps is exerted to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to derive universal relationships. In contrast to the common procedure in the literature, a suitable range of values for the linear scaling relation's offset is a priori included in the presented model, which enables high‐throughput screening of OER catalysts and determination of the rate‐determining reaction step (rds) at overpotentials corresponding to typical reaction conditions (ηOER=0.40 V).
N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulating Ni/MoN Heterostructures Grown on Carbon Cloth for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Pan , Qi Ji , Li Chuang , Chen Xiao , Wang Tonghua , Liang Changhai
Published: January 2020

Herein, we reported a new strategy to grow N‐doped carbon nanotubes encapsulating Ni/MoN heterostructures on carbon cloth (Ni/MoN@NCNT/CC). The high intrinsic activity in the interface engineering of the Ni/MoN heterostructures, the high conductivity and protection of NCNT, and the three‐dimensional structure of the Ni/MoN@NCNT/CC contribute to its outstanding activity and stability for HER (overpotential of 207 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and OER (overpotential of 252 mV at 10 mA cm−2). Particularly, for HER, it can maintain a consistent potential at 100 mA cm−2 for 100 h. Besides, for OER the generated surface roughness and larger surface area can enhance OER activity of the catalyst. When used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting, it can achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.699 V with excellent durability. This work provides a new strategy to fabricate three‐dimensional heterostructured water‐splitting electrocatalysts with large surface area.