bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly Directed Synthesis of Porous Materials with Ordered Bicontinuous Structures and Their Potential Applications
Authors: Xiang Luoxing , Li Qian , Li Chen , Yang Qiqi , Xu Fugui , Mai Yiyong
Published: October 2022

Porous materials with their ordered bicontinuous structures have attracted great interest owing to ordered periodic structures as well as 3D interconnected network and pore channels. Bicontinuous structures may favor efficient mass diffusion to the interior of materials, thus increasing the utilization ratio of active sites. In addition, ordered bicontinuous structures confer materials with exceptional optical and magnetic properties, including tunable photonic bandgap, negative refraction, and multiple equivalent magnetization configurations. The attractive structural advantages and physical properties have inspired people to develop strategies for preparing bicontinuous‐structured porous materials. Among a few synthetic approaches, the self‐assembly of block copolymers represents a versatile strategy to prepare various bicontinuous‐structured functional materials with pore sizes and lattice parameters ranging from 1 to 500 nm. This article overviews progress in this appealing area, with an emphasis on the synthetic strategies, the structural control (including topologies, pore sizes, and unit cell parameters), and their potential applications in energy storage and conversion, metamaterials, photonic crystals, cargo delivery and release, nanoreactors, and biomolecule selection.
Kartogenin‐Conjugated Double‐Network Hydrogel Combined with Stem Cell Transplantation and Tracing for Cartilage Repair
Authors: Chen You‐Rong , Yan Xin , Yuan Fu‐Zhen , Lin Lin , Wang Shao‐Jie , Ye Jing , Zhang Ji‐Ying , Yang Meng , Wu De‐Cheng , Wang Xing , Yu Jia‐Kuo
Published: October 2022

The effectiveness of existing tissue‐engineering cartilage (TEC) is known to be hampered by weak integration of biocompatibility, biodegradation, mechanical strength, and microenvironment supplies. The strategy of hydrogel‐based TEC holds considerable promise in circumventing these problems. Herein, a non‐toxic, biodegradable, and mechanically optimized double‐network (DN) hydrogel consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and kartogenin (KGN)‐conjugated chitosan (CHI) is constructed using a simple soaking strategy. This PEG‐CHI‐KGN DN hydrogel possesses favorable architectures, suitable mechanics, remarkable cellular affinity, and sustained KGN release, which can facilitate the cartilage‐specific genes expression and extracellular matrix secretion of peripheral blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB‐MSCs). Notably, after tracing the transplanted cells by detecting the rabbit sex‐determining region Y‐linked gene sequence, the allogeneic PB‐MSCs are found to survive for even 3 months in the regenerated cartilage. Here, the long‐term release of KGN is able to efficiently and persistently activate multiple genes and signaling pathways to promote the chondrogenesis, chondrocyte differentiation, and survival of PB‐MSCs. Thus, the regenerated tissues exhibit well‐matched histomorphology and biomechanical performance such as native cartilage. Consequently, it is believed this innovative work can expand the choice for developing the next generation of orthopedic implants in the loadbearing region of a living body.
Correlation between Redox Potential and Solvation Structure in Biphasic Electrolytes for Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Park Kyobin , Kim Dong‐Min , Ha Kwang‐Ho , Kwon Bomee , Lee Jeonghyeop , Jo Seunghyeon , Ji Xiulei , Lee Kyu Tae
Published: October 2022

The activity of lithium ions in electrolytes depends on their solvation structures. However, the understanding of changes in Li+ activity is still elusive in terms of interactions between lithium ions and solvent molecules. Herein, the chelating effect of lithium ion by forming [Li(15C5)]+ gives rise to a decrease in Li+ activity, leading to the negative potential shift of Li metal anode. Moreover, weakly solvating lithium ions in ionic liquids, such as [Li(TFSI)2]− (TFSI = bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide), increase in Li+ activity, resulting in the positive potential shift of LiFePO4 cathode. This allows the development of innovative high energy density Li metal batteries, such as 3.8 V class Li | LiFePO4 cells, along with introducing stable biphasic electrolytes. In addition, correlation between Li+ activity, cell potential shift, and Li+ solvation structure is investigated by comparing solvated Li+ ions with carbonate solvents, chelated Li+ ions with cyclic and linear ethers, and weakly solvating Li+ ions in ionic liquids. These findings elucidate a broader understanding of the complex origin of Li+ activity and provide an opportunity to achieve high energy density lithium metal batteries.
Efficient and High‐Purity Sound Frequency Conversion with a Passive Linear Metasurface
Authors: Wang Wei , Hu Chengbo , Ni Jincheng , Ding Yujiang , Weng Jingkai , Liang Bin , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Cheng Jian‐Chun
Published: October 2022

Despite the significance for wave physics and potential applications, high‐efficiency frequency conversion of low‐frequency waves cannot be achieved with conventional nonlinearity‐based mechanisms with poor mode purity, conversion efficiency, and real‐time reconfigurability of the generated harmonic waves in both optics and acoustics. Rotational Doppler effect provides an intuitive paradigm to shifting the frequency in a linear system which, however, needs a spiral‐phase change upon the wave propagation. Here a rotating passive linear vortex metasurface is numerically and experimentally presented with close‐to‐unity mode purity (>93%) and high conversion efficiency (>65%) in audible sound frequency as low as 3000 Hz. The topological charge of the transmitted sound is almost immune from the rotational speed and transmissivity, demonstrating the mechanical robustness and stability in adjusting the high‐performance frequency conversion in situ. These features enable the researchers to cascade multiple vortex metasurfaces to further enlarge and diversify the extent of sound frequency conversion, which are experimentally verified. This strategy takes a step further toward the freewheeling sound manipulation at acoustic frequency domain, and may have far‐researching impacts in various acoustic communications, signal processing, and contactless detection.
Research on the Influence of the Interfacial Properties Between a Cu3BiS3 Film and an InxCd1−xS Buffer Layer for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wu Xiaomin , Zhao Weidong , Hu Yucheng , Xiao Guohong , Ni Huanyang , Ikeda Shigeru , Ng Yunhau , Jiang Feng
Published: October 2022

The ternary compound photovoltaic semiconductor Cu3BiS3 thin film‐based photoelectrode demonstrates a quite promising potential for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. The presented high onset potential of 0.9 VRHE attracts much attention and shows that the Cu3BiS3 thin films are quite good as an efficient solar water splitting photoelectrode. However, the CdS buffer does not fit the Cu3BiS3 thin film: the conduction band offset between CdS and Cu3BiS3 reaches 0.7 eV, and such a high conduction band offset (CBO) significantly increases the interfacial recombination ratio and is the main reason for the relatively low photocurrent of the Cu3BiS3/CdS photoelectrode. In this study, the InxCd1−xS buffer layer is found to be significantly lowered the CBO of CBS/buffer and that the In incorporation ratio of the buffer influences the CBO value of the CBS/buffer. The Pt‐TiO2/In0.6Cd0.4S/Cu3BiS3 photocathode exhibits an appreciable photocurrent density of ≈12.20 mA cm−2 at 0 VRHE with onset potential of more than 0.9 VRHE, and the ABPE of the Cu3BiS3‐based photocathode reaches the highest value of 3.13%. By application of the In0.6Cd0.4S buffer, the Cu3BiS3‐BiVO4 tandem cell presents a stable and excellent unbiased STH of 2.57% for over 100 h.
Phylogenomics and plastome evolution of a Brazilian mycoheterotrophic orchid, Pogoniopsis schenckii
Authors: Klimpert Nathaniel J. , Mayer Juliana Lischka Sampaio , Sarzi Deise Schroder , Prosdocimi Francisco , Pinheiro Fábio , Graham Sean W.
Published: October 2022

Premise

Pogoniopsis likely represents an independent photosynthesis loss in orchids. We use phylogenomic data to better identify the phylogenetic placement of this fully mycoheterotrophic taxon, and investigate its molecular evolution.

Methods

We performed likelihood analysis of plastid and mitochondrial phylogenomic data to localize the position of Pogoniopsis schenckii in orchid phylogeny, and investigated the evolution of its plastid genome.

Results

All analyses place Pogoniopsis in subfamily Epidendroideae, with strongest support from mitochondrial data, which also place it near tribe Sobralieae with moderately strong support. Extreme rate elevation in Pogoniopsis plastid genes broadly depresses branch support; in contrast, mitochondrial genes are only mildly rate elevated and display very modest and localized reductions in bootstrap support. Despite considerable genome reduction, including loss of photosynthesis genes and multiple translation apparatus genes, gene order in Pogoniopsis plastomes is identical to related autotrophs, apart from moderately shifted inverted repeat (IR) boundaries. All cis‐spliced introns have been lost in retained genes. Two plastid genes (accD, rpl2) show significant strengthening of purifying selection. A retained plastid tRNA gene (trnE‐UUC) of Pogoniopsis lacks an anticodon; we predict that it no longer functions in translation but retains a secondary role in heme biosynthesis.

Conclusions

Slowly evolving mitochondrial genes clarify the placement of Pogoniopsis in orchid phylogeny, a strong contrast with analysis of rate‐elevated plastome data. We documented the effects of the novel loss of photosynthesis: for example, despite massive gene loss, its plastome is fully colinear with other orchids, and it displays only moderate shifts in selective pressure in retained genes.
Functional traits mediate individualistic species‐environment distributions at broad spatial scales while fine‐scale species associations remain unpredictable
Authors: Beck Jared J. , Li Daijiang , Johnson Sarah E. , Rogers David , Cameron Kenneth M. , Sytsma Kenneth J. , Givnish Thomas J. , Waller Donald M.
Published: October 2022

Premise

Numerous processes influence plant distributions and co‐occurrence patterns, including ecological sorting, limiting similarity, and stochastic effects. To discriminate among these processes and determine the spatial scales at which they operate, we investigated how functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness influence the distribution of temperate forest herbs.

Methods

We surveyed understory plant communities across 257 forest stands in Wisconsin and Michigan (USA) and applied Bayesian phylogenetic linear mixed‐effects models (PGLMMs) to quantify how functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness influence the environmental distribution of 139 herbaceous plant species along broad edaphic, climatic, and light gradients. These models also allowed us to test how functional and phylogenetic similarity affect species co‐occurrence within microsites.

Results

Leaf height, specific leaf area, and seed mass all influenced individualistic plant distributions along landscape‐scale gradients in soil texture, soil fertility, light availability, and climate. In contrast, phylogenetic relationships did not consistently predict species‐environment relationships. Neither functionally similar nor phylogenetically related herbs segregated among microsites within forest stands.

Conclusions

Trait‐mediated ecological sorting appears to drive temperate‐forest community assembly, generating individualistic plant distributions along regional environmental gradients. This finding links classic studies in plant ecology and prior research in plant physiological ecology to current trait‐based approaches in community ecology. However, our results fail to support the common assumption that limiting similarity governs local plant co‐occurrences. Strong ecological sorting among forest stands coupled with stochastic fine‐scale interactions among species appear to weaken deterministic, niche‐based assembly processes at local scales.
Lehren aus dem Gruppieren von Chemikalien zur Bewertung der Risiken für die Gesundheit des Menschen
Authors: Wohlleben Wendel , Mehling Annette , Landsiedel Robert
Published: October 2022

Analog zum Periodensystem, das Elemente nach ihrer Ähnlichkeit der Strukturen und chemischen Eigenschaften gruppiert, kann die Gefahr chemischer Stoffe in Gruppen mit ähnlichen Strukturen und ähnlichen toxikologischen Eigenschaften bewertet werden. Im Folgenden werden Fallbeispiele zu Gruppierungsstrategien vorgestellt, welche die Bewertungen von Gefahr, Exposition und Risiko für die menschliche Gesundheit unterstützen. Sowohl unter EU‐REACh als auch im US‐TSCA New Chemicals Programm ist in der Regel die strukturelle Ähnlichkeit die Grundlage für eine Gruppierungt. Allerdings ist dieses Kriterium nicht immer angemessen und ausreichend. Auf der Grundlage der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse leiten wir zehn Grundsätze für die Gruppierung ab, darunter: die transparente Darstellung des Zwecks der Gruppierung, die Definition der Kriterien für eine Gruppierung und die Grenzen der Gruppen, eine dieEinbeziehung oder der Ausschluss eines Stoffs in oder aus einer Gruppe aufgrund toxikologischer Eigenschaften und eine Begründung der Zuordnung durch robuste Daten aus angemessenen Methoden. Diese Grundsätze gelten sowohl für eine erste Gruppierung zur Priorisierung weiterer Maßnahmen als auch für die endgültige Gruppierung zur Gewinnung von Daten für die Risikobewertung. Beides kann ein effektives Risikomanagement forcieren.
Quasi‐Gleichgewichtsbedingungen verringern den Einfluss der Substratdiffusion bei katalytischen Biosensoren
Authors: Muhs Anna , Bobrowski Tim , Lielpētere Anna , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: October 2022

Trotz des Erfolgs von Systemen zur kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung, die etwa 14 Tage lang durch die Haut funktionieren, stehen implantierbare Biosensoren vor Herausforderungen, die durch die Fremdkörperreaktion des Körpers verursacht werden. Wir stellen eine konzeptionell neue Strategie vor, die katalytische enzymbasierte Biosensoren verwendet und auf einer Messsequenz basiert, die zu einer minimalen Störung der Substratgleichgewichtskonzentration führt, indem der Sensor zwischen einem “Ein”‐ und “Aus”‐Zustand geschaltet wird, kombiniert mit einer kurzen potentiometrischen Datenerfassung. Voraussetzung ist, dass die Enzymaktivität vollständig abgeschaltet werden kann und keine parasitären Nebenreaktionen einen Substratumsatz ermöglichen. Dies wird durch Verwendung einer O2‐unabhängigen, FAD‐abhängigen Glukosedehydrogenase erreicht, die in ein vernetztes Redoxpolymer eingebettet ist. Ein kurzes Messintervall ermöglicht eine schnelle Wiederherstellung der Glukosegleichgewichtskonzentration, so dass der Biosensor unter Quasigleichgewichtsbedingungen arbeiten kann.
Discerning the Contributions of Gold Species in Butadiene Hydrogenation: From Single Atoms to Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Fan , Wang Mengru , Mou Xiaoling , Liu Shuhui , Jiang Zheng , Liu Wei , Lin Ronghe , Ding Yunjie
Published: October 2022

Identification of the roles of different active sites is vital for the rational design of catalysts. We present a cutting‐edge strategy to discern the contributions of different single‐atom gold species and nanoparticles in 1,3‐butadiene hydrogenation, through coupling of advanced spectroscopic techniques, electron microscopy‐based automated image analyses, and steady‐state and kinetic studies. While all the carbon‐hosted single gold atoms display negligible initial activity, the in situ‐evolved gold nanoparticles are highly active. Full metal‐species quantification is realized by combining electron‐microscopy‐based atom recognition statistics and deep‐learning‐driven nanoparticle segmentation algorithm, allowing the structure–activity correlations for the hybrid catalysts containing different Au architectures to be established. Surface exposure density of Au nanoparticles, as revealed by electron‐microscopy‐based statistics, is revealed as a new and reliable activity descriptor.
Catalytic Biosensors Operating under Quasi‐Equilibrium Conditions for Mitigating the Changes in Substrate Diffusion
Authors: Muhs Anna , Bobrowski Tim , Lielpētere Anna , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: October 2022

Despite the success of continuous glucose measuring systems operating through the skin for about 14 days, long‐term implantable biosensors are facing challenges caused by the foreign‐body reaction. We present a conceptually new strategy using catalytic enzyme‐based biosensors based on a measuring sequence leading to minimum disturbance of the substrate equilibrium concentration by controlling the sensor between “on” and “off” state combined with short potentiometric data acquisition. It is required that the enzyme activity can be completely switched off and no parasitic side reactions allow substrate turnover. This is achieved by using an O2‐independent FAD‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase embedded within a crosslinked redox polymer. A short measuring interval allows the glucose concentration equilibrium to be restored quickly which enables the biosensor to operate under quasi‐equilibrium conditions.
Cloning and characterization of Aedes aegypti juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases (JHEHs)
Authors: Borovsky Dov , Van Ekert Evelien , Buytaert Esther , Peeters Tom , Rougé Pierre
Published: October 2022

Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) plays an important role in the metabolism of juvenile hormone III (JH III) in insects. To study the role that JHEH plays in female Aedes aegypti JHEH 1, 2, and 3 complementary DNA (cDNAs) were cloned and sequenced. Northern blot analyses show that the three transcripts are expressed in the head thorax, the gut, the ovaries, and the fat body of females. Molecular modeling shows that the enzyme is a homodimer that binds JH III acid (JH IIIA) at the catalytic groove better than JH III. The cDNA of JHEH 1 and 2 are very similar indicating close relationship. Knocking down of jheh 1, 2, and 3 in adult female and larval Ae. aegypti using double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) did not affect egg development or caused adult mortality. Larvae that were fed bacterial cells expressing dsRNA against jheh 1, 2, and 3 grew normally. Treating blood‐fed female Ae. aegypti with [12‐3H](10R) JH III and analyzing the metabolites by C18 reversed phase chromatography showed that JHEH preferred substrate is not JH III but JH IIIA. Genomic analysis of jheh 1, 2, and 3 indicate that jheh 1 and 2 are transcribed from a 1.53 kb DNA whereas jheh 3 is transcribed from a 10.9 kb DNA. All three genes are found on chromosome two at distinct locations. JHEH 2 was expressed in bacterial cells and purified by Ni affinity chromatography. Sequencing of the recombinant protein by MS/MS identified JHEH 2 as the expressed recombinant protein.
Silver(I) pyridinyl complexes with benzothiazole, thiophene, and furan moieties: DNA/protein‐binding, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer studies
Authors: Adeleke Adesola A. , Islam Md. Shahidul , Omondi Bernard
Published: October 2022

We have synthesized and characterized nine Ag(I) complexes of Schiff bases containing thiophene, furan, and pyridine moieties for in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer activities, and DNA/bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies. Based on the analytical and spectral analyses, a linear geometry was proposed for all the Ag(I) complexes, except for one (with the furan moiety), which formed a distorted T‐shaped geometry. UV‐vis absorption studies on the interactions of calf thymus‐DNA (CT‐DNA) with the nine Ag(I) complexes pointed to an intercalative binding mode. With a binding constantKbof 3.75 × 105M−1, the complex bearing a benzothiazole moiety (1) interacted stronger with CT‐DNA than the rest of the complexes. Fluorescence spectroscopic data revealed that the complexes had a modest binding affinity for BSA through static quenching. The complexes displayed good antioxidant properties, especially those with a benzothiazole moiety. Notable antibacterial activities against methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella typhimurium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, andKlebsiella pneumoniaewere observed for complexes with the furan and thiophene moieties. The in vitro anticancer studies of selected complexes against three cancer cell lines showed that the complexes were more effective against the inhibition of the growth of cervical cancer cells relative to cisplatin.
Adaptive neural network hierarchical sliding mode control for six degrees of freedom overhead crane
Authors: Kim Thai Dinh , Nguyen Thien , Manh Do Dung , Le Hai Xuan
Published: October 2022

This paper presents an effective control method for three‐dimensional (3D) overhead cranes with six degrees of freedom (DOF). Two payload swings and an axial payload oscillation should be minimized besides driving the bridge, trolley, and hoisting drum to bring the payload to the desired position in space. First, a novel 3D‐6DOF crane model is developed, where the sixth degree of freedom is axial cargo oscillation that has never been considered in previous studies. A controller is then designed using the hierarchical sliding mode control method. Moreover, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used to approximate the system's unknown dynamic model accurately. According to the Lyapunov principle, a control law and an updated law for the neural network's weight matrices are designed to ensure the stability of the closed‐loop system. Simulation results on Matlab software show the proposed approach's effectiveness, such as smaller swing, minor axial oscillation, and precise position as desired.
Bidding on the go: Links between walking, social actions, and caregiver responses in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Calabretta Bianca T. , Schneider Joshua L. , Iverson Jana M.
Published: October 2022

The development of walking is associated with a shift in how neurotypical infants initiate social interactions. Walking infants are more likely to locate objects in distant places, carry them, and then share those objects by approaching caregivers and using gestures to show or offer their discoveries (i.e., moving bids). The simultaneous organization of the behaviors necessary to generate moving bids requires the coordination of multiple skills—walking, fine motor skills, and gesturing. Infants with an elevated likelihood (EL) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit differences and delays in each of these behaviors. This study investigated interconnections between infant walking, social actions, and caregiver responses in 18‐month‐old EL infants with diverse developmental outcomes (ASD, non‐ASD language delay, no diagnosis). We observed 85 infant‐caregiver dyads at home during everyday activities for 45 minutes and identified all times when infants walked, instances of walking paired with social action (i.e., approaching the caregiver, approaching while carrying an object, producing a moving bid), and whether caregivers responded to their infants' social actions. There were no group differences in infants' production of social actions. Caregiver responses, however, were more clearly modulated by outcome group. While all caregivers were similarly and highly likely to respond to moving bids, caregivers of EL‐ASD infants were substantially more likely to respond when their infants simply approached them (with or without an object in hand). Taken together, this research underscores the complexity of EL infant‐caregiver interactions and highlights the role that each partner plays in shaping how they unfold.
Addressing current barriers to autism diagnoses through a tiered diagnostic approach involving pediatric primary care providers
Authors: Wieckowski Andrea Trubanova , Zuckerman Katharine E. , Broder‐Fingert Sarabeth , Robins Diana L.
Published: October 2022

Formal autism diagnosis from a specialist trained in autism assessment is customary prior to a child accessing early, intensive autism‐specific services. However, long wait lists for diagnostic evaluations and limited specialty workforce have created substantial delays. Additionally, lengthy multidisciplinary evaluations are costly to insurers, inconvenient to families, and disproportionally impact under‐resourced families. Diagnostic delays can impede access to intervention services. These barriers, combined with evidence regarding the importance of receiving early, autism‐specific treatment, demand new approaches enabling access to autism specific services before comprehensive evaluation. Pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) are often the only health care professionals with whom a family interacts during early childhood and can play a crucial role in helping children with autism symptoms access services. Many strategies for autism diagnosis in primary care are being developed and tested; however, they have yet to be broadly adopted by PCPs, primarily due to critical implementation barriers in primary care settings. There is also not enough evidence on the accuracy of PCPs' diagnostic impressions without extensive specialty support, resulting in PCP hesitancy in diagnosing ASD, as well as family and service provider hesitancy in accepting a PCP autism diagnosis. In this commentary, we explore the acute need for shortening waitlists for autism evaluations through a tiered diagnostic approach, in which PCPs can rule in or rule out autism in children, for whom diagnosis is clear, and refer more complex cases for specialist evaluations, and explore implementation challenges to this approach.
Advanced nano biosensors for rapid detection of zoonotic bacteria
Authors: Ahangari Azam , Mahmoodi Pezhman , Mohammadzadeh Abdolmajid
Published: October 2022

An infectious disease that is transmitted from animals to humans and vice‐versa is called zoonosis. Bacterial zoonotic diseases can re‐emerge after they have been eradicated or controlled and are among the world's major health problems which inflict tremendous burden on healthcare systems. The first step to encounter such illnesses can be early and precise detection of bacterial pathogens to further prevent the following losses due to their infections. Although conventional methods for diagnosing pathogens, including culture‐based, polymerase chain reaction‐based, and immunological‐based techniques, benefit from their advantages, they also have their own drawbacks, for example, taking long time to provide results, and requiring laborious work, expensive materials, and special equipment in certain conditions. Consequently, there is a greater tendency to introduce simple, innovative, quicker, accurate, and low‐cost detection methods to effectively characterize the causative agents of infectious diseases. Biosensors, therefore, seem to practically be one of those novel promising diagnostic tools on this aim. These are effective and reliable elements with high sensitivity and specificity, that their usability can even be improved in medical diagnostic systems when empowered by nanoparticles. In the present review, recent advances in the development of several bio and nano biosensors, for rapid detection of zoonotic bacteria, have been discussed in details.
Simple production of resilin‐like protein hydrogels using the Brevibacillus secretory expression system and column‐free purification
Authors: Homma Toshimasa , Terui Shu , Yokoyama Fuki , Okino Saki , Ohta Sora , Kato Chihiro , Haraguchi Naoki , Fujisawa Ikuhide , Itsuno Shinichi , Ang Lily Zuin Ping
Published: October 2022

Resilin, an insect structural protein, has excellent flexibility, photocrosslinking properties, and temperature responsiveness. Recombinant resilin‐like proteins (RLPs) can be fabricated into three‐dimensional (3D) structures for use as cell culture substrates and highly elastic materials. A simplified, high‐yielding production process for RLPs is required for their widespread application. This study proposes a simple production process combining extracellular expression using Brevibacillus choshinensis (B. choshinensis) and rapid column‐free purification. Extracellular production was tested using four representative signal peptides; B. choshinensis was found to efficiently secrete Rec1, an RLP derived from Drosophila melanogaster, regardless of the type of signal peptide. However, it was suggested that Rec1 is altered by an increase in the pH of the culture medium associated with prolonged incubation. Production in a jar fermentor with controllable pH yielded 530 mg Rec1 per liter of culture medium, which is superior to productivity using other hosts. The secreted Rec1 was purified from the culture supernatant via (NH4)2SO4 and ethanol precipitations, and the purified Rec1 was applied to ring‐shaped 3D hydrogels. These results indicate that the combination of secretory production using B. choshinensis and column‐free purification can accelerate the further application of RLPs.
The real effects of ESG reporting and GRI standards on carbon mitigation: International evidence
Authors: Luo Le , Tang Qingliang
Published: October 2022

This study explores the real effects of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting and the adoption of global reporting initiative (GRI) standards on carbon mitigation. Using a sample of large international companies, our empirical evidence does not show that a general form of ESG reporting is associated with carbon mitigation. However, after controlling for ESG reporting, firms that follow GRI standards when preparing their ESG reports are more likely to achieve greater carbon mitigation. Channel tests show that such firms tend to set more proactive carbon strategies and policies, make environmental investments, and actively engage with stakeholders. Finally, we find that the real effects of GRI standards tend to occur mainly in weak institutional settings (e.g., countries with less stringent carbon regulations, lower climate consciousness, and weaker legal enforcement). Overall, the central insight of the study is that standardized ESG reporting under GRI plays a soft substituting role in promoting green aspirations in an institution void of a high degree of global warming awareness.
“Watch out for the boogieman”: stigma and substance use recovery among migrants and ethnic minorities
Authors: Pouille Aline , De Ruysscher Clara , Vander Laenen Freya , Vanderplasschen Wouter
Published: October 2022

People with a migration background and ethnic minorities (MEM) with substance use problems are confronted with stigma due to their ethnicity and substance use. This study explores how living with multiple stigmatized identities impacts substance use recovery among MEM. We conducted 34 in‐depth interviews with a diverse sample of MEM with substance use problems in Flanders, Belgium. A Qualitative Content Analysis using Earnshaw's stigma framework revealed that their recovery processes are challenged by accumulated stigma based on different intersectional statuses, namely ethnicity, substance use, psychological problems, criminal histories, poverty, unemployment and gender. These stigmas can negatively influence their well‐being, increase problem substance use and act as a barrier to recovery capital. While stigma moderators, which determine how stigma unfolds within society, were spread across the micro‐to‐macro continuum (from personal to social, community and macro‐cultural features), mediators that influence the role of stigma in recovery were mainly psychosocial. Hence, prevention and intervention strategies should be aimed at reducing stigma on the macro, meso and micro level, while individuals and communities can limit the impact of public stigma on recovery through constructive personal and collective coping and action mechanisms.
Cancer patients and targeted therapy during COVID‐19 pandemic: A descriptive case series study
Authors: Khodadadi Kasra , Moghimi Minoosh , Mansouri Reza
Published: October 2022

To evaluate the effectiveness of targeted therapy on preventing or treating COVID‐19, in this study, we want to share our experience about 14 patients (nine women, five men; average age, 59 years) who were treated with targeted therapy due to their underlying malignant disorders in our center.
Extremely rare combination of open dislocation of the ankle with superior type anterior hip dislocation without bone fracture: A case report
Authors: Joshi Padam Raj , Karki Shivaji , Timilsina Krishna , Adhikari Shiris , Bhandari Prawesh Singh , Uprety Suresh
Published: October 2022

Open dislocation of the ankle without associated fracture is extremely rare. Epstein's superior type of hip dislocation is the rarest type of hip dislocation. We reported a case of 50 years Nepalese gentleman who presented with a combination of these two rare orthopedic emergencies with the newly reported mechanism of injury by a garden tractor. Early extensive debridement of the wound with broad spectrum antibiotics coverage, reduction with delta frame external fixator, and postoperative rehabilitation helps in saving limb along with its function.
New‐onset atypical fulminant type 1 diabetes after COVID‐19 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Kobayashi Takaaki , Yakou Fumiyoshi , Saburi Masuo , Hirose Ai , Akaoka Hiroaki , Hirota Yusuke , Yunaiyama Daisuke , Asahi Nobuteru , Ohno Atsushi , Matsushita Takaya
Published: October 2022

Adverse reactions, including the onset of diabetes, after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination have been reported. Herein, we report a case of a man who developed anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody‐positive fulminant type 1 diabetes 15 weeks after COVID‐19 vaccination, atypical of the previously reported anti‐GAD antibody‐negative cases.
A Small‐Molecule Probe with a Dual Function of miRNA Inhibition and Target identification
Authors: Wang Weishan , Deng Jiafang , Zhang Yan , Li Jinbo
Published: October 2022

By virtue of their key roles in pathologies, miRNAs represent a promising class of therapeutic targets. While high‐fidelity small‐molecule modulators of miRNAs can be identified via high‐throughput screening using cellular reporter systems, their modes of action are elusive due to the lack of proper tools. Here, we report a small‐molecule probe, 1 a, that is capable of elucidating its biological target along miRNA inhibition. Derived from norathyriol, a nature product, 1 a possessed a bioorthogonal alkyne moiety for subsequent labeling via copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition chemistry. We demonstrated that 1 a inhibited a panel of different miRNAs by blocking their loading onto argonaute 2 (AGO2), which is the key protein responsible for miRNA function. With the alkyne handle, we successfully identified AGO2 as an intracellular target of 1 a. Therefore, this work presents a novel small‐molecule tool for suppressing and probing miRNA regulatory pathways.
Modeling Type‐1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase with Peptide‐Based Aliphatic Diselenides: Potential Role of Highly Conserved His and Cys Residues as a General Acid Catalyst
Authors: Arai Kenta , Toba Haruka , Yamamoto Nozomi , Ito Mao , Mikami Rumi
Published: October 2022

Type‐1 iodothyronine deiodinase (ID‐1) catalyzes the reductive elimination of 5’‐I and 5‐I on the phenolic and tyrosyl rings of thyroxine (T4), respectively. Chemically verifying whether I atoms with different chemical properties undergo deiodination through a common mechanism is challenging. Herein, we report the modeling of ID‐1 using aliphatic diselenide (Se‐Se) and selenenylsulfide (Se‐S) compounds. Mechanistic investigations of deiodination using the ID‐1‐like reagents suggested that the 5’‐I and 5‐I deiodinations proceed via the same mechanism through an unstable intermediate containing a Se⋅⋅⋅I halogen bond between a selenolate anion, reductively produced from Se‐Se (or Se‐S) in the compound, and an I atom in T4. Moreover, imidazolium and thiol groups, which may act as general acid catalysts, promoted the heterolytic cleavage of the C‐I bond in the Se⋅⋅⋅I intermediate, which is the rate‐determining step, by donating a proton to the C atom.
Two Novel Three‐Dimensional Tetraphenylethylene‐Based Rare Earth MOFs with Ultra‐High Proton Conductivity and Performance Stability
Authors: Wang Shuyu , Zhao Lijia , Sun Hanxu , Wu Yuanyuan , Wang Ruidong , Zhang Suoshu , Du Lin , Zhao Qi‐Hua
Published: October 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Lin Du and Qi‐Hua Zhao at Yunnan University. The image depicts astronauts as protons moving along the hydrogen‐bond network in the channel of Eu‐ETTB/Gd‐ETTB. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202202154.
Process Intensification Using a One‐Step Inoculum Production and High‐Seeded Fed‐Batch Processes
Authors: Müller Jan , Ott Vivian , Weiss Noémi , Neubauer Peter , Eibl Dieter , Eibl Regine
Published: October 2022

Various approaches to process intensification are currently being investigated to ensure time and cost savings when producing biopharmaceuticals. In the present study, a one‐step inoculum production was established based on an ultra‐high cell density working cell bank with immunoglobulin G producing Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cryovials were used for direct inoculation of 1‐L wave‐mixed perfusion bioreactors. When reaching around 180 · 106 cells mL−1 in N−1 perfusion mode, low‐seed and high‐seed fed‐batch experiments in shake flasks were inoculated, as was the case for 250‐mL stirred single‐use bioreactors. Additionally, proof‐of‐concept runs at 50‐L and 200‐L scale were successfully performed. The intensification approach presented allows manufacturing capacity to be increased by up to 50 %.
Automatic structure recovery for generalized additive models
Authors: Shen Kai , Wu Yichao
Published: October 2022

In this article, we propose an automatic structure recovery method for generalized additive models (GAMs) by extending Wu and Stefanski's approach. In a similar vein, the proposed method is based on a local scoring algorithm coupled with local polynomial smoothing, along with a kernel‐based variable selection approach. Given a specific degree , the goal is to identify predictors contributing polynomially at different degrees up to and predictors that contribute beyond degree . By focusing on two GAMs, logistic regression and Poisson regression, we illustrate the performance of the proposed method using Monte Carlo simulation studies and two real data examples.
User experiences of structured stakeholder engagement to consider transferability: The TRANSFER approach
Authors: Munthe‐Kaas Heather , Nøkleby Heid , Rosenbaum Sarah
Published: October 2022

Background

Systematic reviews are increasingly used to inform decision‐making in health, education, social care and environmental protection. However, decision makers still experience barriers to using reviews, including not knowing how findings might translate to their own contexts, and lack of collaboration with systematic review authors. The TRANSFER approach is a novel method that aims to support review authors to systematically and transparently collaborate with stakeholders to consider context and the transferability of review findings from the beginning of the review process. Such collaboration is intended to improve the usefulness and relevance of review findings for decision makers.

Objectives

We aim to explore the user experience of the TRANSFER approach conversation guide, and in doing so gain a better understanding of the role and perceived value of stakeholder engagement in systematic reviews for informed decision‐making.

Methods

We conducted four user tests of groups using the guide, organized around simulated meetings between review authors and stakeholders. Review authors led the meeting using the TRANSFER approach conversation guide. We audio‐recorded and observed the meetings, collected feedback forms and conducted semi‐structured interviews with review authors following the meeting. We analysed the data using framework analysis to examine the user experience of the TRANSFER approach conversation guide and of stakeholder engagement more generally.

Results

Seventeen participants in four user groups participated in the user tests. Most participants were generally positive toward the structured approach using the conversation guide, and felt it would be useful in systematic review projects. We observed examples of misunderstanding of the terminology included in the guide, and received multiple suggestions for how to make the conversation guide more user friendly. We observed numerous challenges related to the hypothetical nature of a user test, including lack of familiarity with the review question/topic among participants and lack of preparation for the meeting.

Conclusions

Review authors and stakeholders are positive toward using a structured approach to guide collaboration within the context of a systematic review. The TRANSFER conversation guide helps participants to discuss the review question and context in a structured way. Such structured collaboration could help to improve the usefulness and relevance of systematic reviews for decision making by improving the review question, inclusion criteria and consideration of transferability of review findings. The conversation guide needs to be modified to improve user experience. Further research is needed to explore stakeholder collaboration and the use of the TRANSFER conversation guide in systematic review processes.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of Bi2Te3‐based Thermoelectric Materials by K2Ti6O13 Whiskers
Authors: He Huolun , Wang Zhenting , Duan Sichen , Wang Xiaodong , Yin Li , Hou Shuaihang , Chen Chen , Liu Kejia , Wei Lihua , Sui Jiehe , Yang Bin , Zhang Shengnan , Mao Jun , Cao Feng , Zhang Qian
Published: October 2022

Mechanically robust thermoelectric materials are essential for designing reliable thermoelectric modules. The Bi2Te3‐based alloys show intrinsically poor mechanical properties, thus improving their mechanical performance is of great significance. In this work, the composites of p‐type Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and n‐type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3(CuI)0.003 with different K2Ti6O13 whiskers contents are prepared. Due to the grain refinement and the whiskers strengthening mechanism of crack deflection, whiskers pulling out, and whiskers bridging, the mechanical properties of Bi2Te3‐based materials are significantly improved. In addition, the zT value of the Bi2Te3‐based alloys remains almost unchanged compared with the pristine sample. Our study indicates that whiskers strengthening is an effective route to enhance the mechanical properties of thermoelectric materials.
Moving beyond economic criteria: Exploring the social impact of green innovation from the stakeholder management perspective
Authors: Tang Pengcheng , Liu Xuan , Hong Yao , Yang Shuwang
Published: October 2022

Unlike previous studies mainly focused on the economic impact of green innovation, this paper explores its social returns, denoted by the stakeholder engagement, given stakeholders can affect or are affected by the firm's low‐carbon transition. Drawing on the complementary view and the substitute view, our empirical results from China over the sample period of 2012 to 2018 found that more green innovation would crowd in stakeholder‐related activities, especially for the welfare improvement of customers and suppliers. However, better stakeholder relations do not bring positive economic returns given the weak social pressures and uncertain rewards for being socially responsible in emerging countries. By doing so, our study expands the theoretical knowledge about the social impact of green innovation, thus offering a practical guidance for firms to simultaneously manage their environmental performance, social performance and economic performance in China and, potentially, in other emerging countries which also pursue environmental transition and better stakeholder management.
Rule breaking: Does it matter?
Authors: Niewiesk Stefan , Garrity‐Rokous Gates
Published: October 2022

The chair of a small department recently retired and Dr. Smith seems to be a good candidate as a replacement: a senior scholar with a good academic reputation who has been in the department for a long time.
Rising cost of living creates a quandary for higher ed leaders
Authors: Arnett Autumn A.
Published: October 2022

In her first week as president of Huston‐Tillotson University, Melva K. Williams, Ph.D., learned several of her faculty and staff were couch surfing, commuting long distances, and sleeping in their offices in the mornings and late afternoons while they waited out traffic to make the long drives back to their homes in places way outside of Austin's city limits. “They've got to do something to get that rent down,” Williams said of city officials.
Predictors of change in hypoglycemia unawareness among patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Melnychuk Jared , Wyne Kathleen , Dungan Kathleen
Published: October 2022

Aims

To analyse predictors of hypoglycemia unawareness (HU) and improvement in Clarke score in clinical practice.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively identified patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) at an academic T1D clinic who completed HU surveys 6–12 months apart. HU (Clarke score ≥4) and improvement in Clarke score (decrease by ≥1 point or more clinically relevant ≥2 point) were assessed in univariable relationships and using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Of the 300 participants, median diabetes duration was 19 years, 47 had HU at baseline, and 91 had an improvement by 1 point while 21 had an improvement by 2 points. Patients with baseline Clarke score ≥4 who had ≥1 or ≥2 point improvement had lower filtration rate (eGFR) than those who did not. After adjustment for other variables, gender (male OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15, 0.74), log diabetes duration (OR 6.40, 95% CI 2.84, 14.5), and eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (5.56, 95% CI 1.98, 15.6) were independent predictors of baseline HU. Continuous glucose monitoring use (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.20, 3.48) and log diabetes duration (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.22, 2.60) were independent predictors of 1 point improvement and eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (OR 10.5, 95% CI 3.64, 30.0) and an education visit (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.01, 6.89) were independent predictors of 2 point improvement in Clarke score.

Conclusions

Diabetes duration, gender, and eGFR were independent predictors of HU. Improvement in Clarke score is possible in patients with long‐standing T1D, underscoring the need for additional study.
Titanosilicate ETS‐10 Molecular Sieve Anchored Silver Nanoparticles for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride: Synergetic Effect of H2O2 and Ag/ETS‐10 under Visible Light
Authors: Sun Houxiang , He Xue , Zhang Huabing , Yang Haiyan , Zeng Chenghua , Yang Xueli , Dou Meiling , Li Yulong
Published: October 2022

Herein, a facile and effective photocatalytic method for the degradation of the tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) was proposed. The photocatalyst Ag/ETS‐10 was prepared by photoreduction, using cubic‐structured EST‐10 molecular sieves as the support for the silver nanoparticles. The synthesized photocatalyst Ag/ETS‐10 has small characteristic peaks and a chemical shift of Ag, resulting in a redshift. The results of photocatalytic experiments show that H2O2‐promoted Ag/ETS‐10 exhibits a superior visible‐light photocatalytic performance, and the degradation rate of TCH (50 mg L−1) is up to 94.9 % within 100 min, which is significantly better than pure ETS‐10 (23.9 %) and Ag/ETS‐10 (26.9 %). The reaction rate constant of H2O2‐promoted Ag/ETS‐10 is 17.75 and 31.55 times of those of ETS‐10 and Ag/ETS‐10, respectively. More importantly, the photocatalytic activity of H2O2‐promoted Ag/ETS‐10 remains stable after four cycles. The outstanding photocatalytic performance is due to the synergistic interaction of H2O2 with Ag/ETS‐10 to promote the rapid separation of photo‐generated electron‐hole pairs and enhance the generation of h+ and ⋅O2− radicals. In addition, the presence of silver induces the surface plasmon resonance effect and acts as a good acceptor for photogenerated e− in the photocatalytic reaction, enhancing the photocatalytic activities. This work provides a new insight for the design and synthesis of stable and efficient photocatalysts for visible light degradation of antibiotics.