bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Clinical Features of L-NAME-Induced Preeclampsia-like Rats through Reduced SERPINA5 Expression
Authors: Zeng Shanshui , Liu Zimeng , Yin Jiaye , Li Shu , Jiang Min , Yang Hongling , Long Yan
Published: December 2023

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy disorder that poses a significant health risk to both mother and fetus, with no preventive or therapeutic measures. Our previous research suggested an association between elevated SERPINA5 levels and PE features. This study investigated whether SERPINA5 could be a potential therapeutic target for PE. We established PE-like features in pregnant rats using L-NAME (75 mg/kg/d) treatment. Adenoviruses carrying overexpressed or suppressed SERPINA5 genes were intravenously injected into these PE rats on the fifth and seventh days of pregnancy. We evaluated the rats’ systolic blood pressure, urine protein concentration, and placental and fetal metrics and histology. Placental gene expression following SERPINA5 overexpression was evaluated using mRNA sequencing. The L-NAME-induced PE rat model observed a significant increase in placental and peripheral SERPINA5 levels. The overexpression of SERPINA5 exacerbated L-NAME-induced hypertension and proteinuria in pregnant rats. A histology examination revealed a smaller placental junctional zone in L-NAME + overexpressing rats. Placental gene expression analysis in the L-NAME + overexpressing group indicated increased coagulation activation. L-NAME-induced hypertension and proteinuria were mitigated when SERPINA5 expression was suppressed. Additionally, placental development was improved in the SERPINA5-suppressed group. Our findings suggested that SERPINA5 may worsen L-NAME-induced PE-like features by promoting the activation of the coagulation cascade. Therefore, reducing SERPINA5 expression could potentially serve as a therapeutic strategy for PE.
Gap Junctions or Hemichannel-Dependent and Independent Roles of Connexins in Fibrosis, Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transitions, and Wound Healing
Authors: Li Yuting , Acosta Francisca M. , Jiang Jean X.
Published: December 2023

Fibrosis initially appears as a normal response to damage, where activated fibroblasts produce large amounts of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the wound healing process to assist in the repair of injured tissue. However, the excessive accumulation of the ECM, unresolved by remodeling mechanisms, leads to organ dysfunction. Connexins, a family of transmembrane channel proteins, are widely recognized for their major roles in fibrosis, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and wound healing. Efforts have been made in recent years to identify novel mediators and targets for this regulation. Connexins form gap junctions and hemichannels, mediating communications between neighboring cells and inside and outside of cells, respectively. Recent evidence suggests that connexins, beyond forming channels, possess channel-independent functions in fibrosis, the EMT, and wound healing. One crucial channel-independent function is their role as the primary functional component for cell adhesion. Other channel-independent functions of connexins involve their roles in mitochondria and exosomes. This review summarizes the latest advances in the channel-dependent and independent roles of connexins in fibrosis, the EMT, and wound healing, with a particular focus on eye diseases, emphasizing their potential as novel, promising therapeutic targets.
Impairments of Spatial Memory and N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptors and Their Postsynaptic Signaling Molecules in the Hippocampus of Developing Rats Induced by As, Pb, and Mn Mixture Exposure
Authors: Chandravanshi Lalit P. , Agrawal Prashant , Darwish Hany W. , Trigun Surendra Kumar
Published: December 2023

Exposure to metal mixtures is recognized as a real-life scenario, needing novel studies that can assess their complex effects on brain development. There is still a significant public health concern associated with chronic low levels of metal exposure. In contrast to other metals, these three metals (As, Pb, and Mn) are commonly found in various environmental and industrial contexts. In addition to additive or synergistic interactions, concurrent exposure to this metal mixture may also have neurotoxic effects that differ from those caused by exposure to single components. The NMDA receptor and several important signaling proteins are involved in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, including CaMKII, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein (SynGAP), a negative regulator of Ras-MAPK activity, and CREB. We hypothesized that alterations in the above molecular players may contribute to metal mixture developmental neurotoxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these metals and their mixture at low doses (As 4 mg, Pb 4 mg, and Mn 10 mg/kg bw/p.o) on NMDA receptors and their postsynaptic signaling proteins during developing periods (GD6 to PD59) of the rat brain. Rats exposed to As, Pb, and Mn individually or at the same doses in a triple-metal mixture (MM) showed impairments in learning and memory functions in comparison to the control group rats. Declined protein expressions of NR2A, PSD-95, p- CaMKII, and pCREB were observed in the metal mix-exposed rats, while the expression of SynGAP was found to be enhanced in the hippocampus as compared to the controls on PD60. Thereby, our data suggest that alterations in the NMDA receptor complex and postsynaptic signaling proteins could explain the cognitive dysfunctions caused by metal-mixture-induced developmental neurotoxicity in rats. These outcomes indicate that incessant metal mixture exposure may have detrimental consequences on brain development.
Overactivity of the Less Affected Side as a Possible Pattern of Asymmetry in Sitting in Patients Suffering from First-Time Ischemic Stroke—An Observational Study
Authors: Zdrowowicz-Doroz Agata , Stolarski Jakub , Krzysztoń Karolina , Domitrz Izabela , Kochanowski Jan
Published: December 2023

It has been observed that in some people in the acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS) there is a tendency to shift the body weight towards the side more affected by the disease and a tendency to spontaneous movements of the upper and/or lower limbs (not covered by the neurological syndrome). The purposes of this study were: to define the kind of behavior observed, and to select symptoms which can predict its occurrence. Participants (n = 222) hospitalized due to first-time IS were assigned to three groups. A: 78 patients with no lateralization of the neurological syndrome (lateralization of the neurological syndrome—LoNS); B: 109 patients with LoNS; O+ group: 35 patients, who at the beginning of hospitalization presented, apart from LoNS, characteristic motor symptoms performed by the less affected side. Patients underwent therapy depending on the neurological symptoms. If the patient showed potential symptoms of a new phenomenon, overactivity of the less affected side (OLAS), a trial therapy (focused on this behavior) was used to confirm it. The predictive symptoms, selected among these from the index day, for the occurrence of OLAS in sitting were distinguished: asymmetry in supine posture and simple, repetitive movements of the nonparetic upper extremity.
Spitz Tumors and Melanoma in the Genomic Age: A Retrospective Look at Ackerman’s Conundrum
Authors: Urso Carmelo
Published: December 2023

After 25 years, “Ackerman’s conundrum”, namely, the distinction of benign from malignant Spitz neoplasms, remains challenging. Genomic studies have shown that most Spitz tumors harbor tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase fusions, including ALK, ROS1, NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3, BRAF and MAP3K8, or some mutations, such as HRAS and MAP3K8. These chromosomal abnormalities act as drivers, initiating the oncogenetic process and conferring basic bio-morphological features. Most Spitz tumors show no additional genomic alterations or few ones; others harbor a variable number of mutations, capable of conferring characteristics related to clinical behavior, including CDKN2A deletion and TERT-p mutation. Since the accumulation of mutations is gradual and progressive, tumors appear to form a bio-morphologic spectrum, in which they show a progressive increase of clinical risk and histological atypia. In this context, a binary classification Spitz nevus-melanoma appears as no longer adequate, not corresponding to the real genomic substrate of lesions. A ternary classification Spitz nevus-Spitz melanocytoma-Spitz melanoma is more adherent to the real neoplastic pathway, but some cases with intermediate ambiguous features remain difficult to diagnose. A prognostic stratification of Spitz tumors, based on the morphologic and genomic characteristics, as a complement to the diagnosis, may contribute to better treatment plans for patients.
Implications of Senescent T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Kasamatsu Tetsuhiro
Published: December 2023

T-cell senescence is thought to result from the age-related loss of the ability to mount effective responses to pathogens and tumor cells. In addition to aging, T-cell senescence is caused by repeated antigenic stimulation and chronic inflammation. Moreover, we demonstrated that T-cell senescence was induced by treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. The characteristics of therapy-induced senescent T (TIS-T) cells and general senescent T cells are largely similar. Senescent T cells demonstrate an increase in the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase-positive population, cell cycle arrest, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotypic factors, and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, senescent T cells downregulate the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28 and upregulate natural killer cell-related molecules. Moreover, TIS-T cells showed increased PD-1 expression. However, the loss of proliferative capacity and decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules associated with T-cell senescence cause a decrease in T-cell immunocompetence. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of senescent T-cells, including therapy-induced senescent T cells.
Validation of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) with Portuguese Caregivers of 2-to-8-Year-Olds
Authors: Santos Ana F. , Fernandes Marília , Fernandes Carla , Barros Luísa , Veríssimo Manuela
Published: December 2023

Recent findings have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Portugal, urging the need to study modifiable risk factors such as parental feeding practices. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) is an important self-report measure assessing a broad range of responsive and non-responsive feeding practices. However, the CFPQ has not yet been validated in Portugal. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the validity of this measure with Portuguese parents of 2-to-8-year-old children. A sample of 409 parents completed a Portuguese-adapted version of the CFPQ and the already validated Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and psychometric analysis were conducted. CFA demonstrated the original 12-factor structure did not fit the sample. EFA identified an eight-factor structure comprising 29 items: Monitoring, Modeling, Environment, Involvement, Emotion Regulation, Restriction for Weight Control, Restriction for Health, and Pressure. Findings suggest that parental feeding practices are sensitive to parents’ background cultures and children’s developmental period.
Tools and Methods for Diagnosing Developmental Dysgraphia in the Digital Age: A State of the Art
Authors: Danna Jérémy , Puyjarinet Frédéric , Jolly Caroline
Published: December 2023

Handwriting is a complex perceptual motor task that requires years of training and practice before complete mastery. Its acquisition is crucial, since handwriting is the basis, together with reading, of the acquisition of higher-level skills such as spelling, grammar, syntax, and text composition. Despite the correct learning and practice of handwriting, some children never master this skill to a sufficient level. These handwriting deficits, referred to as developmental dysgraphia, can seriously impact the acquisition of other skills and thus the academic success of the child if they are not diagnosed and handled early. In this review, we present a non-exhaustive listing of the tools that are the most reported in the literature for the analysis of handwriting and the diagnosis of dysgraphia. A variety of tools focusing on either the final handwriting product or the handwriting process are described here. On one hand, paper-and-pen tools are widely used throughout the world to assess handwriting quality and/or speed, but no universal gold-standard diagnostic test exists. On the other hand, several very promising computerized tools for the diagnosis of dysgraphia have been developed in the last decade, but some improvements are required before they can be available to clinicians. Based on these observations, we will discuss the pros and cons of the existing tools and the perspectives related to the development of a universal, standardized test of dysgraphia combining both paper-and-pen and computerized approaches and including different graphomotor and writing tasks.
Beyond Expectations: Recent Discovery of New Cave-Restricted Species Elevates the Água Clara Cave System to the Richest Hotspot of Subterranean Biodiversity in the Neotropics
Authors: Ferreira Rodrigo Lopes , Souza-Silva Marconi
Published: December 2023

The Água Clara Cave System was previously recognized as a prominent hotspot of subterranean biodiversity in South America, harboring 31 cave-restricted species. However, a recent expedition conducted in September 2023, coinciding with an exceptionally dry period in the region, provided access to previously unexplored areas. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the cave-restricted invertebrate species, extending the findings from a previous article on the Agua Clara Cave System published in June 2023, and emphasizing the significance of this system as one of the most crucial tropical biodiversity hotspots. This survey unveiled an additional 10 species, raising the count of cave-restricted species within the system to an impressive 41. This remarkable diversity not only solidifies the Água Clara Cave System’s position as a paramount hotspot of subterranean biodiversity in the tropics but also serves as a stark warning about the imminent risks faced by these species. The escalating human-induced alterations in the region, notably deforestation, pose a significant risk to the survival of many of these unique and endemic species.
An Efficient Forest Fire Detection Algorithm Using Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Shi Pei , Lu Jun , Wang Quan , Zhang Yonghong , Kuang Liang , Kan Xi
Published: December 2023

Forest fires result in severe disaster, causing significant ecological damage and substantial economic losses. Flames and smoke represent the predominant characteristics of forest fires. However, these flames and smoke often exhibit irregular shapes, rendering them susceptible to erroneous positive or negative identifications, consequently compromising the overall performance of detection systems. To enhance the average precision and recall rates of detection, this paper introduces an enhanced iteration of the You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) algorithm. This advanced algorithm aims to achieve more effective fire detection. First, we use Switchable Atrous Convolution (SAC) in the backbone network of the traditional YOLOv5 to enhance the capture of a larger receptive field. Then, we introduce Polarized Self-Attention (PSA) to improve the modeling of long-range dependencies. Finally, we incorporate Soft Non-Maximum Suppression (Soft-NMS) to address issues related to missed detections and repeated detections of flames and smoke by the algorithm. Among the plethora of models explored, our proposed algorithm achieves a 2.0% improvement in mean Average Precision@0.5 (mAP50) and a 3.1% enhancement in Recall when compared with the YOLOv5 algorithm. The integration of SAC, PSA, and Soft-NMS significantly enhances the precision and efficiency of the detection algorithm. Moreover, the comprehensive algorithm proposed here can identify and detect key changes in various monitoring scenarios.
The Complete Plastid Genome Sequences of the Belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri): Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Relationships with Other Magnoliids
Authors: Zhu Wen , Tan Yunhong , Zhou Xinxin , Song Yu , Xin Peiyao
Published: December 2023

The Belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn.) is a commercially important timber species in Southeast Asia that was listed on the IUCN Red List of threatened species in 1998. Six years ago, we published an article in Genome Biology Ecology entitled “Evolutionary Comparisons of the Chloroplast Genome in Lauraceae and Insights into Loss Events in the Magnoliids” in which one complete plastid genome of Belian was assembled for comparative analyses of the plastomes in Lauraceae. However, a recent study concluded that our sequenced Belian individual can be located in the clade of Myristicaceae instead of that of Lauraceae. Here, we performed reanalyses of an additional two Belian plastomes, along with 42 plastomes from plants spanning 10 families of the Magnoliids. The three Belian plastomes are 39% CG and vary in length from 157,535 to 157,577 bp. A total of 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 85 protein-coding genes were among the 130 annotated genes. There were 95–101 repeat sequences and 56–61 simple repeat sequences (SSRs). Comparative genomic analysis revealed 170 mutation sites in their plastomes, which include 111 substitutions, 53 indels, and 6 microinversions. Phylogeny was reconstructed using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian approaches for 44 magnoliids species, indicating that the 3 Belian individuals were nested among the species in the Lauraceae family rather than Myristicaceae.
Using a Vegetation Index to Monitor the Death Process of Chinese Fir Based on Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Tang Xuemei , Zang Zhuo , Lin Hui , Wang Xu , Wen Zhang
Published: December 2023

Chinese fir is one of the most widely distributed and extensively planted timber species in China. Therefore, monitoring pests and diseases in Chinese fir plantations is directly related to national timber forest security and forest ecological security. This study aimed to identify appropriate vegetation indices for the early monitoring of pests and diseases in Chinese fir plantations. For this purpose, the researchers used an imaging spectrometer to capture hyperspectral images of both experimental and control groups. The experimental group consisted of Chinese fir trees with two sections of bark stripped off, while the control group consisted of healthy Chinese fir trees. The study then assessed the sensitivity of 11 vegetation indices to the physiological differences between the two groups using the Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed that both the green-to-red region spectral angle index (GRRSGI) and the red edge position index (REP) were able to monitor the difference as early as 16 days after damage. However, GRRSGI performs best in monitoring early death changes in Chinese fir trees because it is less affected by noise and is more stable. The green–red spectral area index (GRSAI) also had high stability, but the monitoring effect was slightly worse than that of GRRSGI and REP. Compared with other indices, GRRSGI and GRSAI can better exploit the advantages of hyperspectral data.
Traditional and New Microorganisms in Lactic Acid Fermentation of Food
Authors: Sionek Barbara , Szydłowska Aleksandra , Küçükgöz Kübra , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta
Published: December 2023

Lactic acid fermentation is one of the oldest and most commonly used methods of bioconservation. This process is widely used for food preservation and also for a production technique that relies on the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to convert carbohydrates into lactic acid. This fermentation imparts unique flavors and texture of foods, extends their shelf life, and can offer health benefits. There are both traditional and new microorganisms involved in the lactic acid fermentation of food. The current review outlines the issues of fermented foods. Based on traditional fermentation methods, a broad panorama of various food products is presented, with the microorganisms involved. The methods of both traditional fermentation (spontaneous and back-slopping) as well as the importance and application of starter cultures in mass food production are presented. Currently, based on the results of scientific research, the health-promoting effect of fermented foods is becoming more and more important. This is due to the presence of probiotic microorganisms that are naturally presented or may be added to them, as starter cultures or additives, and from the presence of prebiotics and postbiotics. New innovative methods of using probiotic microorganisms open up new and broad perspectives for fermented functional foods.
Chitinase and Insect Meal in Aquaculture Nutrition: A Comprehensive Overview of the Latest Achievements
Authors: Hasan Imam , Gai Francesco , Cirrincione Simona , Rimoldi Simona , Saroglia Giulio , Terova Genciana
Published: December 2023

The aquaculture industry is looking for sustainable alternatives to conventional fish meals in fish feed, and insect-based meals are proving to be a promising solution. These meals are nutritionally optimal as they have a high protein content and an ideal amino acid profile. However, the presence of chitin, a component of the insect exoskeleton in these meals presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin, is known to improve the physiological functions of fish, including growth, immunity, and disease resistance. While chitin and its derivative chitosan offer several physiological benefits, their presence can affect the digestibility of feed in some fish species, making the inclusion of insect-based meals in aquafeeds complex. While studies suggest positive effects, some problems, such as reduced growth rates in certain species, emphasize the need for further research on chitin digestion in fish. Chitinase, an enzyme that breaks down chitin, is being investigated as a potential solution to improve the nutritional value of insect meals in aquafeed. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the applications, benefits, and challenges of using chitinase in aquaculture, highlighting the enzyme’s role in improving feed digestibility, disease control, and environmental sustainability. Extensive research is required to fully understand the potential of chitinase enzymes in aquaculture and to optimize their applications in this dynamic field. Overall, this review provides insight into the evolving landscape of insect-based meals and the applications of chitinase enzymes within sustainable aquaculture practices.
Plasma Endocannabinoid Levels in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Healthy Controls
Authors: Spohrs Jennifer , Kühnle Valentin , Mikusky David , Sanhüter Niklas , Macchia Ana , Nickel Sandra , Abler Birgit
Published: December 2023

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder and presents a complex therapeutic challenge due to limited treatment modalities. Recent focus has converged on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a prospective modulator of psychopathological processes in BPD. To address this hypothesis, we analysed plasma endocannabinoid concentrations, specifically anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), in a cohort of 49 female BPD patients and 32 matched healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we examined the effect of the FAAH polymorphism rs324420 and correlates with psychopathology. The results indicate heightened AEA levels and, by trend, augmented 2-AG levels within the patient group, as compared to the HC group. Significant between group differences in AEA levels were evident in the CC genotype (FAAH_rs324420) but not in A-allele carriers while the commonly observed difference in AEA levels between A-allele carriers as compared to the CC genotype was not evident in patients. An effect of genotype was found with higher ratings of depression (Beck’s depression inventory, BDI-II) in the CC genotype compared to A-allele carriers (FAAH_rs32442), particularly in the patients. Significant alterations in AEA (and by trend in 2-AG) in patients with BPD may relate to compensatory ECS activity. The finding that the effect is most pronounced in CC homozygotes, might point towards a countermeasure to balance physiologically lower baseline AEA levels. The findings warrant further research to develop potentially beneficial psychopharmacological therapies.
Apoptosis Induction in HepG2 and HCT116 Cells by a Novel Quercetin-Zinc (II) Complex: Enhanced Absorption of Quercetin and Zinc (II)
Authors: Nakamura Mizuki , Urakawa Daigo , He Ziyu , Akagi Isao , Hou De-Xing , Sakao Kozue
Published: December 2023

Quercetin forms complexes with various metals due to its structural attributes. It predominantly exhibits chelating activity at the 3-hydroxy/4-carbonyl group. Previously, coordination in synthetically obtained quercetin–zinc (II) complexes has been limited to this group. However, the expanded coordination observed in quercetin–iron complexes has opened avenues for diverse applications. Thus, synthesizing novel quercetin–zinc complexes with different coordination positions is a significant advance. In our study, we not only synthesized and comprehensively characterized a new quercetin–zinc (II) complex, Zn-Q, but also evaluated the structure and bioactivity of chelate complexes (Q+Zn) derived from co-treatment in cell culture mediums. The structure of the new compound Zn-Q was comprehensively characterized using 1D 1H and 2D correlation spectroscopy (COSY), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis. Subcellular localization and absorption of these zinc (II) complexes were determined using the ZnAF-2 DA zinc ion fluorescence probe. Throughout the experiments, both Zn-Q and Q+Zn exhibited significant antioxidant, cell growth inhibitory, and anticancer effects in HepG2 and HCT116 cells, with Zn-Q showing the highest potential for inducing apoptosis via the caspase pathway. Tracking intracellular zinc complex absorption using zinc fluorescent probes revealed zinc (II) localization around the cell nucleus. Interestingly, there was a proportional increase in intracellular quercetin absorption in conjunction with zinc (II) uptake. Our research highlights the advantages of quercetin complexation with zinc (II): enhanced anticancer efficacy compared to the parent compound and improved bioavailability of both quercetin and zinc (II). Notably, our findings, which include enhanced intracellular uptake of both quercetin and zinc (II) upon complex formation and its implications in apoptosis, contribute significantly to the understanding of metal–polyphenol complexes. Moving forward, comprehensive functional assessments and insights into its mechanism of action, supported by animal studies, are anticipated.
Structural Integrity of Nucleolin Is Required to Suppress TDP-43-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Yeast and Human Cell Models
Authors: Peggion Caterina , Massimino Maria Lina , Pereira Daniel , Granuzzo Sara , Righetto Francesca , Bortolotto Raissa , Agostini Jessica , Sartori Geppo , Bertoli Alessandro , Lopreiato Raffaele
Published: December 2023

The Transactivating response (TAR) element DNA-binding of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is mainly implicated in the regulation of gene expression, playing multiple roles in RNA metabolism. Pathologically, it is implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in a class of neurodegenerative diseases broadly going under the name of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). A common hallmark of most forms of such diseases is the presence of TDP-43 insoluble inclusions in the cell cytosol. The molecular mechanisms of TDP-43-related cell toxicity are still unclear, and the contribution to cell damage from either loss of normal TDP-43 function or acquired toxic properties of protein aggregates is yet to be established. Here, we investigate the effects on cell viability of FTLD-related TDP-43 mutations in both yeast and mammalian cell models. Moreover, we focus on nucleolin (NCL) gene, recently identified as a genetic suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity, through a thorough structure/function characterization aimed at understanding the role of NCL domains in rescuing TDP-43-induced cytotoxicity. Using functional and biochemical assays, our data demonstrate that the N-terminus of NCL is necessary, but not sufficient, to exert its antagonizing effects on TDP-43, and further support the relevance of the DNA/RNA binding central region of the protein. Concurrently, data suggest the importance of the NCL nuclear localization for TDP-43 trafficking, possibly related to both TDP-43 physiology and toxicity.
Nb2S4(CS2NH2)4—A New Precursor for NbS2 and Its Transition Metal Inserted Derivatives
Authors: Mangelsen Sebastian , Zimmer Patrick , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

Transition metal inserted NbS2 (TxNbS2) compounds receive great attention due to their intriguing and diverse magnetic and electric transport properties. Typically, these compounds are prepared by high-temperature synthesis from the elements, which is time and energy-consuming and yields highly crystalline products. So far, no route for preparing these compounds from precursors by thermal decomposition has been reported. Herein, we report the synthesis of a dithiocarbamate of niobium Nb2S4(CS2NH2)4 as a precursor for the synthesis of NbS2 by this preparative strategy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a co-decomposition with dithiocarbamates of transition metals (here, Co and Pd) is a viable route for the synthesis of TxNbS2-type compounds. This is a promising route for the exploration of these compounds’ properties in the form of, e.g., nanocrystalline or thin film samples.
Critical Insight into Pretransitional Behavior and Dielectric Tunability of Relaxor Ceramics
Authors: Rzoska Sylwester J. , Drozd-Rzoska Aleksandra , Bulejak Weronika , Łoś Joanna , Starzonek Szymon , Szafran Mikołaj , Gao Feng
Published: December 2023

This model discussion focuses on links between the unique properties of relaxor ceramics and the basics of Critical Phenomena Physics and Glass Transition Physics. It indicates the significance of uniaxiality for the appearance of mean-field type features near the paraelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition. Pretransitional fluctuations, that are increasing up to the size of a grain and leading to inter-grain, random, local electric fields are responsible for relaxor ceramics characteristics. Their impact yields the pseudospinodal behavior associated with “weakly discontinuous” local phase transitions. The emerging model redefines the meaning of the Burns temperature and polar nanoregions (PNRs). It offers a coherent explanation of “dielectric constant” changes with the “diffused maximum” near the paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transition, the sensitivity to moderate electric fields (tunability), and the “glassy” dynamics. These considerations are challenged by the experimental results of complex dielectric permittivity studies in a Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3 relaxor ceramic, covering ca. 250 K, from the paraelectric to the “deep” ferroelectric phase. The distortion-sensitive and derivative-based analysis in the paraelectric phase and the surrounding paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transition reveal a preference for the exponential scaling pattern for ε(T) changes. This may suggest that Griffith-phase behavior is associated with mean-field criticality disturbed by random local impacts. The preference for the universalistic “critical & activated” evolution of the primary relaxation time is shown for dynamics. The discussion is supplemented by a coupled energy loss analysis. The electric field-related tunability studies lead to scaling relationships describing their temperature changes.
Change in Mechanical Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fused AlSi7Mg Alloy during Long-Term Exposure at Warm Operating Temperatures
Authors: Cerri Emanuela , Ghio Emanuele
Published: December 2023

Al–Si–Mg alloys are most commonly used to produce parts by laser powder bed fusion for several industrial applications. A lot of papers have already focused on the effects induced by conventional heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloys, rather than on AlSi7Mg. Nobody has investigated thermal stability during long-term direct and artificial aging heat treatments of AlSi7Mg. This study investigates the changes in mechanical properties induced by long-term exposure (512 h) at 150 and 175 °C (the operating temperature of AlSi7Mg) after (i) the laser powder bed fusion process performed on a pre-heated build platform (150 °C), and (ii) heat treatments to the solution at 505 °C per 0.5 and 4 h. Thermal stability was evaluated through both Vickers microhardness measurements to obtain the aging profiles, and tensile tests to evaluate the mechanical properties in specific conditions. An optical microscope was used to investigate the microstructure. It was found that aging at 175 °C confers the same effects induced by a secondary aging heat treatment on as-built samples and, simultaneously, the worst effects on the solution heat treated AlSi7Mg alloy after long-term exposure. The AlSi7Mg DA at both 150 °C and 175 °C showed the same Vickers microhardness (~95 HV0.5), UTS (~300 MPa), and YS (~200 MPa) values for the longest exposure times because the fine and cellular α-Al matrix confers higher stiffness and strength despite the over-aged conditions. On the other hand, the coarsening effects that affected the precipitates during aging at 175 °C, as well as the formation of the precipitate-free zones along the grain boundaries, justified the highest detrimental effects induced on the SHTed samples.
Research on Optimal Group-Purchase Threshold and Pricing Strategy of Community Group Purchase
Authors: Xu Shuhan , Chen Tianrui
Published: December 2023

This study delves into the rapidly evolving community group-buying model, specifically focusing on the determination of optimal group-buying thresholds and pricing strategies for merchants. Aiming to bridge the gap in the existing literature, the methodology employs optimization models, integrating a numerical analysis to construct and evaluate a single merchant model. The findings reveal a nuanced relationship: within a specific threshold interval, a unique group-purchase threshold exists where merchants can maximize profits by balancing group and ordinary sales. The study shows that factors like ordinary selling price, group-buying publicity, and associated costs significantly influence these thresholds and pricing strategies. A critical insight is the threshold’s variability in response to market conditions, highlighting a strategic balance for maximizing profitability. The research underscores the need for merchants to adapt their strategies in response to evolving market dynamics and consumer behaviors. However, the study acknowledges its limitations due to its theoretical nature and focus on the Chinese market, suggesting the potential for future empirical studies in diverse cultural and economic contexts. Overall, this research contributes both theoretically and practically by providing a foundational framework for merchants to optimize group-purchase thresholds and pricing strategies in the dynamic realm of community group buying.
Assessing the Discriminatory Capabilities of iEK Devices under DC and DC-Biased AC Stimulation Potentials
Authors: Nasir Ahamed Nuzhet Nihaar , Mendiola-Escobedo Carlos A. , Perez-Gonzalez Victor H. , Lapizco-Encinas Blanca H.
Published: December 2023

There is a rising need for rapid and reliable analytical methods for separating microorganisms in clinical and biomedical applications. Microscale-insulator-based electrokinetic (iEK) systems have proven to be robust platforms for assessing a wide variety of microorganisms. Traditionally, iEK systems are usually stimulated with direct-current (DC) potentials. This work presents a comparison between using DC potentials and using DC-biased alternating-current (AC) potentials in iEK systems for the separation of microorganisms. The present study, which includes mathematical modeling and experimentation, compares the separation of bacterial and yeast cells in two distinct modes by using DC and DC-biased AC potentials. The quality of both separations, assessed in terms of separation resolution (Rs), showed a complete separation (Rs = 1.51) with the application of a DC-biased low-frequency AC signal but an incomplete separation (Rs = 0.55) with the application of an RMS-equivalent DC signal. Good reproducibility between experimental repetitions (<10%) was obtained, and good agreement (~18% deviation) was observed between modeling and experimental retention times. The present study demonstrates the potential of extending the limits of iEK systems by employing DC-biased AC potentials to perform discriminatory separations of microorganisms that are difficult to separate with the application of DC potentials.
Enhancing T Cell and Antibody Response in Mucin-1 Transgenic Mice through Co-Delivery of Tumor-Associated Mucin-1 Antigen and TLR Agonists in C3-Liposomes
Authors: Arabi Ameneh , Aria (Soltani) Shahab , Maniaci Brandon , Mann Kristine , Martinson Holly , Kullberg Max
Published: December 2023

Mucin-1 (MUC1) is a highly relevant antigen for cancer vaccination due to its overexpression and hypo-glycosylation in a high percentage of carcinomas. To enhance the immune response to MUC1, our group has developed C3-liposomes that encapsulate the MUC1 antigen along with immunostimulatory compounds for direct delivery to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). C3-liposomes bind complement C3, which interacts with C3-receptors on APCs, resulting in liposomal uptake and the delivery of tumor antigens to APCs in a manner that mimics pathogenic uptake. In this study, MUC1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists were encapsulated in C3-liposomes to provoke an immune response in transgenic mice tolerant to MUC1. The immune response to the C3-bound MUC1 liposomal vaccine was assessed by ELISA, ELISpot, and flow cytometry. Co-administering TLR 7/8 agonists with MUC1 encapsulated in C3-liposomes resulted in a significant antibody response compared to non-encapsulated MUC1. This antibody response was significantly higher in females than in males. The co-encapsulation of three TLR agonists with MUC1 in C3-liposomes significantly increased antibody responses and eliminated sex-based differences. Furthermore, this immunization strategy resulted in a significantly increased T cell-response compared to other treatment groups. In conclusion, the co-delivery of MUC1 and TLR agonists via C3-liposomes greatly enhances the immune response to MUC1, highlighting its potential for antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy.
Tailoring the Direct Current Modulation Response of Electrically Pumped Semiconductor Nano-Laser Arrays
Authors: Fan Yuanlong , An Siyi , Shore K. Alan , Shao Xiaopeng
Published: December 2023

Semiconductor nano-lasers have been a topic of interest from the perspective of advancing the capabilities of photonic integration. Nano-lasers are perceived as the means to achieve improved functionality in photonic integrated circuits. The properties and performance of nano-lasers have been examined by means of simulations and laboratory measurements. Nano-lasers lend themselves to integration to form dense arrays in both one and two dimensions. In a recent work, a theoretical treatment was presented for the dynamic behaviour of stand-alone electrically pumped nano-laser arrays. In this work, the response of nano-laser arrays to direct current modulation is examined. As in previous works, attention is given to two prototype array geometries: a linear three-element linear array and an equilateral triangular array. Large one-dimensional arrays can be built by repeating this elementary linear array. Two-dimensional photonic integrated circuits can incorporate the triangular arrays studied here. Such prototypical configurations offer opportunities to tailor the modulation response of the nano-laser arrays. The principal factors which provide that capability are the coupling strengths between lasers in the arrays and the direct modulation parameters. The former are fixed at the design and manufacture stage of the array whilst the latter can be chosen. In addition, the enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate via the so-called Purcell effect in nano-lasers offers a device-specific means for accessing a range of modulation responses. Two-dimensional portraits of the regimes of differing modulation responses offer a convenient means for determining the dynamics that may be accessed by varying the laser drive current. It is shown by these means that a rich variety of modulation responses can be accessed in both linear and triangular arrays.
Polarization-Based De-Scattering Imaging in Turbid Tissue-like Scattering Media
Authors: Zhang Shirong , Liang Jian , Jiang Yanru , Ren Liyong
Published: December 2023

In shallow tissues of the human body, pathological changes often occur, and there are several kinds of scattering media, such as mucosa, fat, and blood, present on the surface of these tissues. In such scattering environments, it is difficult to distinguish the location of the lesions using traditional attenuation-based imaging methods, while polarization-based imaging methods are more sensitive to this information. Therefore, in this paper, we conducted experiments using diluted milk to simulate biological tissues with scattering effects, illuminated with non-polarized light sources, and used an optimized robust polarization de-scattering algorithm for image processing. The results were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed through local intensity comparison and visual fidelity functions, verifying the effectiveness of this algorithm under specific conditions.
Self-Determination and Absolute Dependence: A Comparison of the Relationship between the “Self” and the “Other” and Its Dimension in The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch and Schleiermacher’s Christian Philosophy
Authors: Wen Jun
Published: December 2023

As a classic of Zen Buddhism, The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, starting from the core concept of “self-nature and self-determination”, fully demonstrates the “Self” dimension and the “self-mastery” and “self-bearing” spiritual temperament of Master Huineng, who put forward the idea that “Buddhahood is realized within the essential-nature; do not seek for it outside yourself.” 佛向性中作，莫向身外求, and the spiritual temperament of “self-mastery” and “self-responsibility”. In contrast, Schleiermacher, as “the father of modern Protestant theology”, in his philosophical reflection on religion, grasped the notion of piety centered on “the feeling of absolute dependence” and enriched it with the substance of religious self-consciousness to establish and reveal the essence of religious faith and Christianity. This sharp contrast fully demonstrates the important difference of Buddhism and Christianity in dealing with the relationship between the “Self” and the “Other”. This essential difference reflects the fact that the Zen Buddhist classics represented by The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch are both rooted in the Buddhist tradition and based on the traditional Chinese philosophical theory of mind and nature, based on which is the faith model of seeking liberation from the nature of the “Self”. In contrast, The Christian faith, as typified by Schleiermacher’s Christian philosophy, attempts to establish a model of faith that seeks salvation through devout faith in the Absolute Supreme, and to take this point as the essence and basis of religious faith and Christian faith.
Quantitative Analysis Village Spatial Morphology Using “SPSS + GIS” Approach: A Case Study of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture
Authors: An Yuyuan , Wu Xiao , Liu Rui , Liu Lu , Liu Pengquan
Published: December 2023

This research comprehensively analyzes the spatial morphology of 177 traditional villages within Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. The study delineates these characteristics utilizing a combination of five quantitative measured indices—ratio, boundary, saturation, building density, and dispersion coefficients. Leveraging sophisticated analytical techniques facilitated by “SPSS + GIS” integration, the investigation systematically explores the intricate details of village spatial form. Their overarching distribution patterns, and the determinant factors influencing them, provide insights across both granular and broad-scale dimensions. The aim is to establish a robust quantitative data analysis framework, facilitating a precise description of traditional villages’ spatial dynamics. The findings categorize the spatial morphology of Linxia’s traditional villages into three distinct types: linear multi-point concentration, dense clustering, and irregular dispersion. Common traits among these categories include widespread dispersal, small settlements, and a mix of dwellings. Spatial distribution patterns vary, with dense clusters forming an “olive-shaped” trend in the southeast–northwest direction, while irregularly dispersed villages develop along mountains and valleys, exhibiting multi-core structures. Additionally, linear multi-point concentrated villages display a random, multi-point distribution interspersed with dense clusters. The survival strategies of these commercial, subsistence, and resource-based villages are shaped by a confluence of factors such as elevation, river proximity, ancient road networks, and the interplay between Han Chinese and Tibetan cultural influences. The implications of this study are significant for understanding traditional village dynamics, promoting sustainable development, and refining quantitative methods for rural studies.
The Effects of ESG Management on Business Performance: The Case of Incheon International Airport
Authors: Lee SangRyeong , Park Jin-Woo , Choi DongRyeol
Published: December 2023

This study examines how implementing ESG (environment, social, and governance) principles at Incheon International Airport affects business performance. ESG practices significantly shape strategic management within the airport industry, particularly at Incheon International Airport in Korea. The primary objective is to explore how the ESG components contribute to airport sustainability and business performance through intermediary factors. Prior analyses in the airline and tourism sectors have extensively studied the impact of CSR and ESG adoption on business performance. With increasing numbers of ongoing research on ESG in airports, this study seeks to investigate the mid-to-long-term influence of ESG on business performance, specifically at Incheon International Airport. A comprehensive survey involving 323 airport users at Incheon International Airport was rigorously analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM). The findings revealed a robust positive correlation between ESG activities and business performance. This implies that ESG initiatives can foster trust, improve public perception, underscore sustainability, and notably impact South Korea’s airport industry. Moreover, this research aims to establish fundamental insights by emphasizing the pivotal role of ESG activities in enhancing airports’ reputation in Korea and contributing positively to sustainable development.