bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denitrification‐caused suppression of soluble microbial products (SMP) in MBRs used for biological nitrogen removal
Authors: Zhou Zhongbo , Meng Fangang , Lu Hui , Jia Xiaoshan
Published: July 2013

Significance

The strategies for reducing SMP‐caused membrane fouling are essential for MBR sustainable operation. Comparing the bioprocesses with and without denitrification, we found that the specific yield coefficients of polysaccharides (PS) and proteins (PN) in SMP existing denitrification were significantly lower than those without denitrification. In addition, the freshly produced PS and PN from extracelluar polymeric substances (EPS) could be biodegraded and utilized by denitrifers. These findings indicated that biological denitrification was an important mechanism to reduce SMP and MBR fouling. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3569–3573, 2013
9p partial monosomy and disorders of sex development: Review and postulation of a pathogenetic mechanism
Authors: Quinonez Shane C. , Park John M. , Rabah Raja , Owens Kailey M. , Yashar Beverly M. , Glover Thomas W. , Keegan Catherine E.
Published: July 2013

Deletion of the distal segment of 9p causes a syndrome comprising trigonocephaly, minor anomalies, and intellectual disability. Patients with this condition also frequently present with genitourinary abnormalities including cryptorchidism, hypospadias, ambiguous genitalia, or 46,XY testicular dysgenesis. The region responsible for the gonadal dysgenesis has been localized to 9p24.3 with the likely responsible gene identified as DMRT1. Similar to patients with other molecular causes of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, patients with partial del 9p have an increased risk of gonadoblastoma. We present two patients with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis due to partial 9p monosomy. Both patients were also diagnosed with gonadoblastoma following gonadectomy at an early age. Chromosomal microarray analyses refined the cytogenetic abnormalities and allowed potential genotype–phenotype relationships to be determined. We also review the literature as it pertains to partial 9p monosomy, genital abnormalities and gonadoblastoma and note that a large percentage of affected patients present with two copy number variations. We propose that a two‐hit mechanism may be involved in the incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of partial 9p monosomy and an abnormal genital phenotype. The significant percentage of gonadoblastoma in patients with 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis due to partial 9p monosomy also continues to support the necessity of gonadectomy in this patient population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microdeletions of 5.5 Mb (4q13.2–q13.3) and 4.1 Mb (7p15.3–p21.1) associated with a saethre–chotzen‐like phenotype, severe intellectual disability, and autism
Authors: Shimada Shino , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Nomura Shohei , Fukui Miho , Shimakawa Shuichi , Sangu Noriko , Shimojima Keiko , Osawa Makiko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: July 2013

We observed a patient with a Saethre–Chotzen‐like phenotype with severe neurological features. Saethre–Chotzen syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly type III; SCS; OMIM #101400) is an autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndrome characterized by craniofacial and mild limb abnormalities. The phenotypic features of chromosomal microdeletions involving the 7p21.1, where the twist homolog 1 gene (TWIST1) responsible for SCS is located, are recognized as a contiguous gene deletion syndrome with SCS and other phenotypic manifestations. In this study, we identified microdeletions in 4q13.2 and 7p21.1 in a patient with SCS and severe neurological features including developmental delay and autistic behavior. In comparison to other SCS patients with intragenic mutations or small deletions in 7p21.1, neurological features seen in this patient were extremely severe, likely modified by a concurrent deletion of 4q13.2. Both microdeletions were de novo and paternal in origin. Further information on such concurrent chromosomal deletions should be accumulated for better understanding of the mechanism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel ALDH5A1 mutation is associated with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and severe intellectual disability in an Iranian family
Authors: Püttmann Lucia , Stehr Henning , Garshasbi Masoud , Hu Hao , Kahrizi Kimia , Lipkowitz Bettina , Jamali Payman , Tzschach Andreas , Najmabadi Hossein , Ropers Hans‐Hilger , Musante Luciana , Kuss Andreas W.
Published: July 2013

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is a disorder of the catabolism of the neurotransmitter gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) with a very variable clinical phenotype ranging from mild intellectual disability to severe neurological defects. We report here on a large Iranian family with four affected patients presenting with severe intellectual disability, developmental delay and generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a missense mutation c.901A>G (p.K301E, RefSeq number NM_001080) in ALDH5A1 co‐segregating with the disease in the family. The missense mutation affects an amino acid residue that is highly conserved across the animal kingdom. Protein modeling showed that p.K301E most likely leads to a loss of NAD+ binding and a predicted decrease in the free energy by 6.67 kcal/mol furthermore suggests a severe destabilization of the protein. In line with these in silico observations, no SSADH enzyme activity could be detected in patient lymphoblasts. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insertional translocation leading to a 4q13 duplication including theEPHA5gene in two siblings with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Matoso Eunice , Melo Joana B. , Ferreira Susana I. , Jardim Ana , Castelo Teresa M. , Weise Anja , Carreira Isabel M.
Published: July 2013

An insertional translocation (IT) can result in pure segmental aneusomy for the inserted genomic segment allowing to define a more accurate clinical phenotype. Here, we report on two siblings sharing an unbalanced IT inherited from the mother with a history of learning difficulty. An 8‐year‐old girl with developmental delay, speech disability, and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), showed by GTG banding analysis a subtle interstitial alteration in 21q21. Oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) analysis showed a 4q13.1–q13.3 duplication spanning 8.6 Mb. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones confirmed the rearrangement, a der(21)ins(21;4)(q21;q13.1q13.3). The duplication described involves 50 RefSeq genes including theEPHA5gene that encodes for the EphA5 receptor involved in embryonic development of the brain and also in synaptic remodeling and plasticity thought to underlie learning and memory. The same rearrangement was observed in a younger brother with behavioral problems and also exhibiting ADHD. ADHD is among the most heritable of neuropsychiatric disorders. There are few reports of patients with duplications involving the proximal region of 4q and a mild phenotype. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a duplication restricted to band 4q13. This abnormality could be easily missed in children who have nonspecific cognitive impairment. The presence of this behavioral disorder in the two siblings reinforces the hypothesis that the region involved could include genes involved in ADHD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mutation in TGFB3 associated with a syndrome of low muscle mass, growth retardation, distal arthrogryposis and clinical features overlapping with marfan and loeys–dietz syndrome
Authors: Rienhoff Hugh Young , Yeo Chang‐Yeol , Morissette Rachel , Khrebtukova Irina , Melnick Jonathan , Luo Shujun , Leng Nan , Kim Yeon‐Jin , Schroth Gary , Westwick John , Vogel Hannes , McDonnell Nazli , Hall Judith G. , Whitman Malcolm
Published: July 2013

The transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) family of growth factors are key regulators of mammalian development and their dysregulation is implicated in human disease, notably, heritable vasculopathies including Marfan (MFS, OMIM #154700) and Loeys–Dietz syndromes (LDS, OMIM #609192). We described a syndrome presenting at birth with distal arthrogryposis, hypotonia, bifid uvula, a failure of normal post‐natal muscle development but no evidence of vascular disease; some of these features overlap with MFS and LDS. A de novo mutation in TGFB3 was identified by exome sequencing. Several lines of evidence indicate the mutation is hypomorphic suggesting that decreased TGF‐β signaling from a loss of TGFB3 activity is likely responsible for the clinical phenotype. This is the first example of a mutation in the coding portion of TGFB3 implicated in a clinical syndrome suggesting TGFB3 is essential for both human palatogenesis and normal muscle growth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of New Substituted Methyl [2‐(arylmethylene‐hydrazino)‐4‐oxo‐thiazolidin‐5‐ylidene]acetates
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Al‐Masoudi Najim A. , Latif Muhammad
Published: July 2013

A series of new methyl [2‐(arylmethylene‐hydrazono)‐4‐oxo‐thiazolidin‐5‐ylidene]acetates (5a–o) were synthesized via cyclocondensation of thiosemicarbazones (3a–o) with dimethyl but‐2‐ynedioate (4) in good yields under solvent‐free conditions. The environmentally friendly solvent‐free protocol overcomes the limitations associated with the customary protracted solution phase synthesis and afforded the title compounds in a few minutes. Compounds 5b–i and 5h–o were evaluated for their antiviral activity against the replication activity of HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 in MT‐4 using the MTT assay. The same compounds were also evaluated in vitro for their selective antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Huh 5‐2 replicon system (type 1b, Con1 strain).
Nitrile‐converting enzymes: An eco‐friendly tool for industrial biocatalysis
Authors: Ramteke Pramod W. , Maurice Navodita G. , Joseph Babu , Wadher Bharat J.
Published: July 2013

Nitriles are organic compounds bearing a CN group; they are frequently known to occur naturally in both fauna and flora and are also synthesized chemically. They have wide applicability in the fields of medicine, industry, and environmental monitoring. However, the majority of nitrile compounds are considered to be lethal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic in nature and are known to cause potential health problems such as nausea, bronchial irritation, respiratory distress, convulsions, coma, and skeletal deformities in humans. Nitrile‐converting enzymes, which are extracted from microorganisms, are commonly termed nitrilases and have drawn the attention of researchers all over the world to combat the toxicity of nitrile compounds. The present review focuses on the utility of nitrile‐converting enzymes, sources, classification, structure, properties, and applications, as well as the future perspective on nitrilases.
An Xp21.3p11.4 duplication observed in a boy with intellectual deficiency and speech delay and his asymptomatic mother
Authors: Wu Lingqian , Liu Jing , Lv Weigang , Wen Juan , Xia Yan , Liang Desheng
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

Interstitial Xp duplications have been rarely described, especially in males. Male patients show intellectual deficiency (ID) and variable congenital malformations depending on the size and the position of the duplication.

METHODS

Cytogenetic and molecular analyses using standard G‐banding, R‐banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and an array comparative genomic hybridization analysis for copy number variation detection were performed in the propositus and his mother.

RESULTS

A 12,168,283 bp interstitial duplication of the Xp21.3p11.4 region was detected in the boy with ID and speech delay and his asymptomatic mother.

CONCLUSION

An Xp21.3p11.4 duplication was characterized at the molecular level in a boy with ID and speech delay. Genotype–phenotype correlations of interstitial Xp duplications were performed by comparing previously reported cases and our patient. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:467–470, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population Balance Modeling of the Solution‐Mediated Transformation of DL‐Methionine Polymorphs
Authors: Wantha L. , Flood A. E.
Published: July 2013

Experimental measurements of the solution‐mediated transformation (SMT) of the metastable polymorph of DL‐methionine (α‐DL‐met) into the stable polymorph (γ‐DL‐met) in water were performed at 25 °C. These results were compared to models of the crystallization and the SMT of α‐DL‐met into γ‐DL‐met that were developed using the concept of the population balance equation (PBE) applied to both of the polymorphs. The growth, dissolution, and nucleation kinetic expressions obtained in a previous work were used in the models. It was found that the PBE models did not satisfactorily describe the SMT process of DL‐met when the measured crystallization and dissolution kinetics were used. There were large mismatches between the simulation and the experimental results. Modifying the model of the dissolution kinetics of α‐DL‐met enabled these mismatches to be lowered. The results showed that the SMT of DL‐met is controlled by the rate of dissolution of α‐DL‐met.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the Sn—V—Zn System at 450 °C and 600 °C.
Authors: Wu Changjun , Su Xuping , Liu Ya , Peng Haoping , Wang Jianhua , Tu Hao
Published: July 2013

A series of alloys of the title system is prepared by melting (corundum crucible in evacuated quartz tube, 1000 °C, 10 h, bottom quenching to minimize Zn loss, annealing at 450 °C or 600 °C, 15—20 d) or powder metallurgical cold pressing followed by annealing (450 °C, 30 d, or 600 °C, 15 d) and quenching.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 Hollow Spheres with Enhanced Lithium Storage Capability.
Authors: Yu Le , Wu Hao Bin , Lou Xiong Wen
Published: July 2013

High‐quality Li4Ti5O12 hollow spheres with mesoporous shells of tuneable thickness are prepared from mixtures of SiO2@amorphous TiO2 spheres and LiOH in EtOH and H2O (autoclave, 160 °C, 6 h, followed by annealing at 500 °C for 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Periodate‐Based Double Perovskites M2NaIO6 (M: Ca, Sr, and Ba).
Authors: Kubel Frank , Wandl Nicole , Pantazi Mariana , D'Anna Vincenza , Hagemann Hans
Published: July 2013

The title compounds are prepared from mixtures of MF2 (M: Ca, Sr, Ba) and NaI (Pt crucible, 650 °C, 18 h, yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectrum Properties, and Electronic Structure of a New Three‐Borate Ba4Na2Zn4 (B3O6)2(B12O24) with Two Isolated Types of Blocks: 3[3Δ] and 3[2Δ + 1T].
Authors: Chen Xuean , Chen Yanjun , Sun Chong , Chang Xinan , Xiao Weiqiang
Published: July 2013

Ba4Na2Zn4 (B3O6)2(B12O24) is prepared by solid state reaction of a mixture of Na2CO3, BaCO3, ZnO, H3BO3, and Na2B4O7 in a molar ratio of 1:4:6:18:2 (Pt crucible, 750 °C, 28 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Se‐Phenyl Prop‐2‐eneselenoate: An Ethylene Equivalent for Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Jung Michael E. , Perez Felix , Regan Collin F. , Yi Sung Wook , Perron Quentin
Published: July 2013

A new ethylene equivalent for Diels—Alder cycloaddition reactions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Basic Selenium Catalyzed Chloroamidation of Olefins Using Nitriles as the Nucleophiles.
Authors: Tay Daniel Weiliang , Tsoi Ivan Tan , Er Jun Cheng , Leung Gulice Yiu Chung , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: July 2013

The chloroamidation of olefins utilizes diphenyl selenide as the catalyst together with N‐chlorosuccinimide and acetonitrile as the halogen and nitrogen source and is applicable to a wide range of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodide as an Activating Agent for Acid Chlorides in Acylation Reactions.
Authors: Wakeham Russell J. , Taylor James E. , Bull Steven D. , Morris James A. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: July 2013

Acid chlorides can be activated by using simple iodide sources, e.g., KI or LiI, to undergo nucleophilic attack by a variety of relatively weak nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Catalytic Asymmetric Route Towards Skipped Dienes with a Methyl‐Substituted Central Stereogenic Carbon.
Authors: Huang Yange , Fananas‐Mastral Martin , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: July 2013

A highly efficient method for the enantioselective synthesis of 1,4‐dienes (III) with a methyl‐substituted central carbon atom using an asymmetric allylic alkylation of diene bromides (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Annulation of Enals to Ene‐1,4‐diones: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐4‐acyl Cyclopentenes.
Authors: Paul Rony Rajan , Lakshmi K. C. Seetha , Suresh Eringathodi , Nair Vijay
Published: July 2013

The optimized system is successfully applied to various aromatic diketones and aldehydes to produce highly functionalized trans‐cyclopentene structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic Arylation of Olefins via C(sp3)—H Activation under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Sekine Masaki , Illies Laurean , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: July 2013

The lack of selectivity in hydrogen abstraction and the consumption of the Grignard reagent for catalyst generation accounting for the modest yields are the main drawbacks of the presented method.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction: Recyclable Heterogeneous Iron Catalyst for Selective Olefination of Aryl Iodides in Poly(ethylene glycol) Medium.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol Reza , Azizi Ghobad
Published: July 2013

An iron‐based catalyst supported on acac‐functionalized silica is prepared and evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst for Mizoroki‐Heck reactions of aryl iodides with olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Propargylamines from Mannich Bases Through a Retro‐Mannich‐Type Fragmentation.
Authors: Zhu Yefeng , Zhao Huishuang , Wei Yunyang
Published: July 2013

A novel method for the synthesis of propargylamines is developed by Cu‐catalyzed coupling of Tbp‐type Mannich bases with terminal alkynes and NCS (or NBS) as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Difluoromethyl Ethers with Difluoromethyltriflate.
Authors: Fier Patrick S. , Hartwig John F.
Published: July 2013

A simple method for the difluoromethylation of phenols and thiophenols using a non‐ozone‐depleting reagent is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Methylenebisphenol Derivatives.
Authors: Guieu Samuel , Rocha Joao , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: July 2013

A simple protocol allows the alkylation of phenols with benzyl chlorides to give the title species, required as versatile components for medicinal and material chemistry, with complete regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formal Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cross‐Cycloaddition of Cyclopropane 1,1‐Diesters with Alkenes: General and Efficient Strategy for Construction of Bridged [n.2.1] Carbocyclic Skeletons.
Authors: Zhu Wenju , Fang Jie , Liu Yong , Ren Jun , Wang Zhongwen
Published: July 2013

The title reaction is successfully developed, and applied to the total synthesis of the tetracyclic diterpenoids phyllocladanol (XX) and phyllocladene (XXI).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Vinylogous Mukaiyama—Michael Addition of 2‐Silyloxyfurans to Cyclic Unsaturated Oxo Esters.
Authors: Jusseau Xavier , Retailleau Pascal , Chabaud Laurent , Guillou Catherine
Published: July 2013

The products are obtained as a mixture of keto‐ and enol‐form.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Lactonization of 2‐Arylacetic Acids Through Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/C—O Formation.
Authors: Yang Mingyu , Jiang Xingyu , Shi Wen‐Juan , Zhu Qi‐Lei , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: July 2013

The title reaction provides a direct and efficient method for the synthesis of fully functionalized benzofuranones from easily available β‐aryl substituted carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2H‐Phenanthro[9,10‐c]pyrazoles from Isoflavones by Two Dehydration Processes.
Authors: Wang Qiuya , Zhang Zunting , Du Zichao , Hua Huiliang , Chen Shasha
Published: July 2013

The title compounds are synthesized via cyclocondensation of isoflavones and hydrazine hydrate to obtain 3,4‐diaryl‐pyrazole intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Polyfluorinated Arenes with Heteroarenes via C—F/C—H Activation.
Authors: Yu Daohong , Lu Long , Shen Qilong
Published: July 2013

The first Pd‐catalyzed coupling of 2‐pyridyl‐polyfluoroarenes and various heteroazoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ecofriendly Solventless Synthesis and Reduction Reaction of Some Triazole Compounds and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Oezil Musa , Mentese Emre , Karaoglu Senguel Alpay , Kahveci Bahittin
Published: July 2013

A series of triazole derivatives of type (III) and (IV) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Hydroarylation—Cyclization Reaction: One‐Pot Synthesis of Indane‐Fused 3,4‐Dihydrocoumarins.
Authors: Joo Jin Hyuck , Youn So Won
Published: July 2013

The title transformation is promoted by Sn(OTf)2, which acts as bi‐functional Lewis acidic catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aromatic Ketones and Isoindolobenzimidazoles via Selective Aromatic C—H Bond Acylation.
Authors: Lu Juyou , Zhang Hao , Chen Xiaowu , Liu Hongxia , Jiang Yuyang , Fu Hua
Published: July 2013

An efficient synthesis of aromatic ketones (III) and isoindolobenzimidazoles (IX) via selective aromatic C—H activation is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed C4‐Selective Direct Alkylation of Pyridines.
Authors: Andou Takashi , Saga Yutaka , Komai Hirotomo , Matsunaga Shigeki , Kanai Motomu
Published: July 2013

A novel catalyst system is developed for the direct alkylation of pyridines with monosubstituted olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Favorskii‐Like Rearrangement of an Aliphatic α‐Halo Amide.
Authors: Kelly Nicholas M. , Wellejus Anja , Elbroend‐Bek Heidi , Weidner Morten Sloth , Joergensen Signe Humle
Published: July 2013

The reaction of α‐bromoamide (I) with cyclopentylpiperazine (II) gives the Favorskii‐like rearranged product (III) by treatment with aqueous potassium hydroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Exceptionally E‐ and β‐Selective NHC—Cu‐Catalyzed Proto‐Silyl Additions to Terminal Alkynes and Site‐ and Enantioselective Proto‐Boryl Additions to the Resulting Vinylsilanes: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Vicinal and Geminal Borosilanes.
Authors: Meng Fanke , Jang Hwanjong , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: July 2013

Protosilylation of aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes proceeds with complete (E)‐β‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions of α‐Keto Phosphonates with 2‐(Trimethylsilyloxy)furan Catalyzed by Bis(oxazoline)‐Copper Complexes.
Authors: Hou Gang , Yu Jipan , Yu Chengbin , Wu Guiping , Miao Zhiwei
Published: July 2013

The present method is suitable for functionalized α‐keto phosphonates (II) and allows the synthesis of α‐hydroxy phosphonates (III) bearing two chiral centers in high yields as well as high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: FeS2 Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Wang Xia , Sun Weizhong , Zhou Wenhui , Wu Sixin
Published: July 2013

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Polycyano‐Alkenes with Alkynyl‐ and Poly‐ynyl‐Group 8 Metal Complexes
Authors: Bruce Michael I.
Published: July 2013

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Barbier‐Type Reactions in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Estevez Amalia M.
Published: July 2013

Review: 209 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Synthesis of the Apoptolidins
Authors: Chau Stephen T. , Sulikowski Gary A. , Wu Bin
Published: July 2013

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Benzoylacetonitrile in the Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Khidre Rizk E. , Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F.
Published: July 2013

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids and the Heck Coupling Reaction
Authors: Prediger Patricia , Genisson Yves , Correia Carlos Roque Duarte
Published: July 2013

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Activation Enables the Rapid Construction and Late‐Stage Diversification of Functional Molecules
Authors: Wencel‐Delord Joanna , Glorius Frank
Published: July 2013

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Results in Alamethicin Research
Authors: Kredics Laszlo , Szekeres Andras , Czifra Dorina , Vagvoelgyi Csaba , Leitgeb Balazs
Published: July 2013

Review: about 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling Photocatalysis and Redox Biocatalysis Toward Biocatalyzed Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Lee Sahng Ha , Kim Jae Hong , Park Chan Beum
Published: July 2013

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polar Bent‐Shape Liquid Crystals: From Molecular Bend to Layer Splay and Chirality
Authors: Eremin A. , Jakli A.
Published: July 2013

Review: 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticle Therapeutics for Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sanna Vanna , Sechi Mario
Published: July 2013

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fate of Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse with Membranes
Authors: Siegrist H. , Joss A.
Published: July 2013

Review: 31 refs.
Homomorphic authentication codes for network coding
Authors: Tang Zhaohui
Published: July 2013

Authentication codes (A‐codes) are a well studied technique to provide unconditionally secure authentication. An A‐code is defined by a map that associates a pair formed by a message and a key to a tag. A‐codes linear in the keys have been studied for application to distributed authentication schemes. In this paper, we address the dual question, which is the study of A‐codes that are linear in the messages. This is usually an undesired property, except in the context of network coding. Regarding these A‐codes, we derive some lower bounds on security parameters when key space is known. We also show a lower bound on key size when security parameter values are given (with some special properties) and construct some codes meeting the bound. We finally present a variant of these codes that authenticate multiple messages with the same key while preserving unconditional security. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainability or Profitability? How Communicated Motives for Environmental Policy Affect Public Perceptions of Corporate Greenwashing
Authors: de Vries Gerdien , Terwel Bart W. , Ellemers Naomi , Daamen Dancker D. L.
Published: July 2013

Companies in the energy sector face a dilemma regarding how to communicate their environmental policies to the public. Communicating that environmental policies and activities are motivated by concern for the environment could elicit positive reactions, but may also lead to accusations of corporate greenwashing – the idea that companies deliberately frame their activities as ‘green’ in order to look environmentally friendly. The results of three experiments demonstrate that people easily suspect greenwashing when an energy company invests in environmental measures. Importantly, suspicions of corporate greenwashing are reduced by acknowledging economic motives instead of communicating environmental motives for such investments. Suspicion of strategic organizational behavior mediates the effect of communicated motive on perceived corporate greenwashing. This indirect effect occurs primarily among people who are not by nature very skeptical about organizational communications in general. These findings highlight the need to think carefully about how to communicate corporate environmental policies to the public. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Design and performance of an efficient rectenna incorporating a fractal structure
Authors: Choi Dong‐You , Shrestha Sika , Park Jung‐Jin , Noh Sun‐Kuk
Published: July 2013

We present an efficient rectenna capable of harvesting ambient radio frequency energy to obtain utilizable direct current power at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The rectifying antenna incorporates a fractal structure at its antenna section. The unique space‐filling property of fractals is implemented to develop an antenna with a significant size reduction. A Sierpinski carpet, which is a simple and effective fractal design, is edge‐fed and iterated up to the 3rd order. The received signal from the 2nd‐order fractal iterated patch antenna is rectified using a rectifier circuit that uses an HSMS 8202 (Avago Technologies, California, USA) diode. The realized rectenna has the capacity to exhibit a maximum efficiency of 57% at an input power level of 20 dBm. Simulations for the fractal iterated patch antennas and rectifier circuit are performed in Ansoft HFSS, Ver. 10 (Ansys, Canonsburg, USA) and ADS (Agilent Technologies, Mississauga, Canada), respectively. The simulated antenna and rectenna are experimentally tested to verify the simulation results. The simulation and experimental results for the antenna and rectenna design are found to be in good agreement with each other. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Silicon‐Heteroaromatic System as Photosensitizer for Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production by Hydrogenase Mimics
Authors: Goy Roman , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Elleouet Catherine , Escudero Daniel , Elstner Martin , Görls Helmar , Talarmin Jean , Schollhammer Philippe , González Leticia , Weigand Wolfgang
Published: July 2013

The utilization of light and inexpensive catalysts to afford hydrogen represents a huge challenge. Following our interest in silicon‐containing [FeFe]‐hydrogenase ([FeFe]‐H2ase) mimics, we report a new model approach for a photocatalytic [FeFe]‐H2ase mimic 1, which contains a 1‐silafluorene unit as a photosensitizer. Thereby, the photoactive ligand is linked to the [2Fe2S] cluster through S–CH2–Si bridges. Photochemical H2 evolution experiments were performed and revealed a turnover number (TON) of 29. This is the highest reported photocatalytic efficiency for an [FeFe]‐H2ase model complex in which the photosensitizer is covalently linked to the catalytic center.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in CuII Complexes with 2,6‐Pyridinedicarboxamide Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Physical Properties
Authors: Wang Denan , Lindeman Sergey V. , Fiedler Adam T.
Published: July 2013

The significance of second‐sphere interactions in synthetic catalysts and metalloenzyme active sites has encouraged the development of ligand frameworks capable of supporting intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding networks. With this approach in mind, we prepared a series of 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxamide ligands (H2LX) that feature outer‐sphere heterocyclic groups (pyridine, pyrimidine, or quinoline rings). Reaction with CuCl2 yields complexes with the general formula [CuCl2(LX{H}2)] (1X), in which the pincer ligands coordinate to the CuII center in a tridentate fashion through the central pyridine and two amidato nitrogen atoms. The LX{H}2 ligands have no net charge, however, as the pendant heterocycles are both protonated. X‐ray crystallographic studies revealed that the two outer‐sphere N–H groups form intramolecular hydrogen bonds with the chlorido ligands. Modification of the syntheses provided CuII complexes (i.e., 2X, 3X) that contain an aqua ligand hydrogen bonded to the outer‐sphere group(s). Whereas complexes with the LX{H}2 ligands are mononuclear, deprotonation gives rise to dimeric complexes (i.e., 4X, 5X) in which one of the pendant heterocycles coordinates to a second CuII center. The complexes were also examined with electronic absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory. Our results indicate that the LX{H}2 ligands, despite their neutrality, maintain the strong σ‐donating ability of anionic pyridine‐amidato ligands.
Polar Groups and Arylsulfonamides: A Good Combination with which to Obtain Supramolecular Columnar Liquid Crystals
Authors: Zennaro Angela , Hincapié Cesar Augusto , Martos Alba , Sebastián Rosa M. , Barberá Joaquín , Serrano José Luis , Sierra Teresa
Published: July 2013

Mesomorphic arylsulfonamide derivatives containing four long alkyl chains and polar groups (fluoro, cyano or amino) have been synthesized and characterized by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction on the mesophase. Studies of the supramolecular organization of these molecules have allowed a better understanding of the noncovalent driving forces (dipole···dipole and hydrogen‐bonding interactions) responsible for the self‐assembly, which is mainly due to the presence of the polar groups.
Rapid and Controllable Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange on Aromatic Rings of α‐Amino Acids and Peptides
Authors: Murai Yuta , Wang Lei , Masuda Katsuyoshi , Sakihama Yasuko , Hashidoko Yasuyuki , Hatanaka Yasumaru , Hashimoto Makoto
Published: July 2013

Novel hydrogen/deuterium exchange for aromatic α‐amino acids and their corresponding peptides were performed through the use of deuterated trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOD). Detailed analysis of the exchange revealed that equal hydrogen/deuterium exchange was observed for phenylalanine, and specific exchange at the ortho‐positions of phenol for tyrosine was also detected. The stereochemistry of the aromatic α‐amino acids was retained under the exchange conditions. The hydrogen/deuterium exchange properties for these aromatic α‐amino acids are identical for peptides that contain several aromatic α‐amino acids. The exchange proceeded significantly faster than previous methods. Detailed analysis of the exchange revealed that the method could be controlled by temperature, time, and the amount of reagent.
C‐5′‐Substituted Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives Catalyse the First Highly Enantioselective Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions of Azlactones by Thiolysis
Authors: Palacio Carole , Connon Stephen J.
Published: July 2013

The highly enantioselective dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of azlactones by thiolysis has been achieved for the first time. Although both the parent alkaloid quinine and known C‐5′‐urea derivatives fail to promote the reaction effectively, a new class of C‐5′‐hydroxylated catalysts proved capable of catalysing the DKR of a range of azlactones derived from both unbranched‐ and, previously challenging, branched‐chain amino acids in 84–92 % ee, including an example of the synthesis of an enantioenriched N‐protected thioester derived from an extraterrestrial amino acid isolated from the Murchison meteorite.
Ligand‐Free Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Application to β‐Halo‐α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Gogoi Pranjal , Bezboruah Pranjal , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: July 2013

A facile, efficient, ligand‐free Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of β‐halo α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with boronic acids in aqueous media at room temperature is described. Under the optimized conditions, both steroidal and nonsteroidal β‐halo α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes reacted rapidly with the boronic acids to provide a series of aryl‐substituted derivatives in excellent yields. Moreover, the protocol was extended to the direct one‐pot synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling/aldol condensation cascade reaction under microwave irradiation.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Diazonaphthoquinones and Enol Ethers: Synthesis of Dihydronaphthofuran Derivatives and α‐Naphthyl Esters
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Araki Keiichiro , Matsuzaki Hiroki , Okauchi Tatsuo
Published: July 2013

Dihydronaphthofurans were synthesized by the Rh2(OAc)4‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of 1,2‐diazonaphthoquinones with enol ethers. The dihydronaphthofurans formed from diazonaphthoquinones and ketene silyl acetals were transformed into α‐naphthyl esters by treatment with tetrabutylammonium fluoride.
Mimicking the biological world: Methods for the 3D structuring of artificial cellular environments
Authors: Schober Andreas , Fernekorn Uta , Singh Sukhdeep , Schlingloff Gregor , Gebinoga Michael , Hampl Jörg , Williamson Adam
Published: July 2013

Combining modern methods in microsystem technology with the latest advancements in the life sciences, namely those in tissue engineering and advanced cell culturing, is promoting the development of a promising toolbox for modeling biological systems. The core problem to solve using this toolbox is the design of 3D artificial cellular environments, both in fluidic systems and on solid substrates. The construction of 3D biological fluidic environments involves the use of microfluidic devices where fluid direction and behavior can be tightly regulated in a geometrically constrained environment for advanced cell cultivation. This is used in modern cultivation devices, such as bioreactors and multicompartment systems, including systems with integrated multielectrode arrays in both 2D and 3D. The construction of 3D cell cultures on substrates involves various fabrication techniques that use different polymers and biopolymers processed by micromachining, chemical pattern guided cell cultivation, photopolymerization, and organ printing methods. These methods together have the potential to create an artificial system with the complete hierarchical, geometrical, and functional organization found in an actual biological system. In this review, we describe representative developments in this research area and the fusion of formerly unrelated disciplines that are generating new beneficial applications in life sciences.
Dynamic buckling and seismic fragility of anchored steel tanks by the added mass method
Authors: Buratti N. , Tavano M.
Published: July 2013

Buckling plays a fundamental role in the design of steel tanks because of the small thicknesses of the walls of this class of structures. The first part of the paper presents a review of this phenomenon for liquid‐containing circular cylindrical steel tanks that are fully anchored at the base, considering the different buckling modes and especially the secondary buckling occurring in the top part of the tank.

A case study based on a cylindrical tank is then introduced in order to investigate various aspects of dynamic buckling. The finite element model of the case study tank is set‐up using the added mass method for fluid modelling. The influence of pre‐stress states caused by hydrostatic pressure and self‐weight on the natural periods of the structure is first studied and it is found that this influence is very small as far as the global behaviour of the tanks is considered, while it is important for local, shell‐type, vibration modes.

In the following, the efficiency and sufficiency of different ground motion intensity measures is analysed by means of cloud analysis with a set of 40 recorded accelerograms. In particular, the peak ground displacement has been found being the most efficient and sufficient intensity measure so far as the maximum relative displacement of the tank walls is concerned.

Finally, incremental nonlinear time‐history analyses are performed considering the case study structure under recorded earthquake ground motions in order to identify the critical buckling loads and to derive fragility curves for the buckling limit state. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING THE SOCIAL WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR HEALTH STATE IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Richardson Jeff , Iezzi Angelo , Sinha Kompal , Khan Munir A. , Mckie John
Published: July 2013

This paper describes an instrument for measuring the social value of changes in health status, the Relative Social Willingness to Pay. It is a unique combination of measurement attributes designed to minimise cognitive complexity and provide an additional option for measuring ‘social value’. Similar to the person trade‐off (PTO), it adopts a social perspective and asks respondents to evaluate programmes on behalf of society. Unlike the PTO, trade‐offs between the options use dollars, not numbers of patients. Respondents are not, however, asked for their personal willingness to pay. Rather, the opportunity cost of funds spent on one service is as an offsetting reduction in funds for a second service. The amount spent on each service therefore indicates relative, not absolute, value. However, the two services combine to produce one Quality adjusted life year which allows the calculation of a Quality adjusted life year‐like unit of social value on a 0–1 scale. A three‐stage survey was used to test the instrument's reliability, validity and sensitivity to the framing of the main question. Results indicate that the Relative Social Willingness to Pay produces values similar to but less than the PTO and time trade‐off techniques. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Question the Unquestionable Beauty of A Collective Proceeding for All Sovereign Debt Claims
Authors: Li Yanying
Published: July 2013

The new challenges presented by the current Eurozone crisis and the NML Capital v. Argentina case are likely to shift the international community's attention from holdout behavior in foreign bonds restructuring to inter‐creditor issues. In the past years, many academics, and nongovernmental organizations concerned with debt relief, have put forward proposals to create a bankruptcy regime for states. But none of these proposals has seriously examined what rules should apply to treatment among creditors. Moreover, all insist that there must be a collective proceeding for all sovereign debt claims, without explaining why. This approach is simply taken for granted, as it is one of the fundamental principles of bankruptcy law. The article questions this orthodoxy through examining the nature of sovereign debt crisis, the feature of the limited pool of sovereign assets, and the nonliquidable fact of the sovereign debtor. It also argues that the common pool problem does not exist in the sovereign debt context.
Ionic Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Lin Xinrong , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: July 2013

Supramolecular structures assembled via noncovalent interactions have found diverse applications in mechanical, biological, electronic, and manufacturing‐related fields. Ionic interactions represent key noncovalent interactions, which can be used, for example, to create highly ordered, responsive, conductive, reversible, and/or viscoelastic supramolecular assemblies. The recent advances in the field of ionic supramolecular assemblies, including those prepared from polymers, small molecules, or a combination of the two are reviewed. The versatility and simplicity of constructing ionic supramolecular assemblies are illustrated through several examples. Finally, the outstanding issues and potential opportunities are discussed to stimulate critical discussions and encourage further discovery.
A comparison of magnetic overshoots at the bow shocks of Mercury and Saturn
Authors: Masters A. , Slavin J. A. , DiBraccio G. A. , Sundberg T. , Winslow R. M. , Johnson C. L. , Anderson B. J. , Korth H.
Published: July 2013

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft at Mercury and the Cassini spacecraft at Saturn provide us with orbiters around planets at more diverse heliocentric distances than ever before. The dramatically different solar wind conditions at these two planets should mean that Mercury's bow shock is considerably weaker (lower Mach numbers) than Saturn's bow shock. This is expected to produce different magnetic overshoot amplitudes at each bow shock, because the Relative Overshoot Amplitude (ROA) has been shown to increase with both fast magnetosonic Mach number and upstream plasma β. We qualitatively compare the parameter regimes of Mercury's and Saturn's bow shock by determining ROAs. We analyze 133 MESSENGER encounters with Mercury's bow shock and 90 Cassini encounters with Saturn's bow shock, all with a clear shock ramp. At five of the 133 Mercury bow shock encounters, there is no resolvable magnetic overshoot, whereas all Saturn bow shock encounters have a clear overshoot. We find that the ROA of Mercury's bow shock ranges from ~0 (no overshoot) to ~0.6, with a typical value of ~0.2. We find that the ROA of Saturn's bow shock ranges from ~0.2 to ~5, with a typical value of ~2. This clear ROA difference is consistent with the expected lower fast magnetosonic Mach number and lower upstream plasma β at Mercury's bow shock, and we suggest that it is very likely to be primarily caused by the different Mach numbers. This confirmed variation in bow shock parameter regime may produce a different solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction at these two planets.
Asynchronous formation of Hesperian and Amazonian‐aged deltas on Mars and implications for climate
Authors: Hauber E. , Platz T. , Reiss D. , Le Deit L. , Kleinhans M. G. , Marra W. A. , de Haas T. , Carbonneau P.
Published: July 2013

Most fluvial and lacustrine landforms on Mars are thought to be old and have formed more than ~3.8 Gyr ago, in the Noachian period. After a major climatic transition, surface liquid water became less abundant and finally disappeared almost completely. Recent work has shown that observational evidence for Hesperian and Amazonian aqueous processes is more common than previously recognized, but their nature is poorly understood. Moreover, it is not clear how the paleoclimate of Mars can be constrained by this activity. Here we report our investigation of a population of deltas around the ancient impact basin Chryse Planitia. To test whether the results are globally applicable, we also studied selected deltas with similar morphologies in the eastern hemisphere and found that the results are consistent. We compared the morphology of deltas, feeder channels, and receiving lakes, dated deltas by crater counting and searched for alteration minerals in hyperspectral images. The valleys and associated late‐stage deltas were formed by short‐lived aqueous processes, as suggested by their morphology and the general lack of associated aqueous alteration minerals. The likely source of water was neither widespread precipitation nor a regionally connected groundwater aquifer, but water mobilized locally from the cryosphere. Delta formation in our study areas occurred from the Early Hesperian to the Late Amazonian and did not require sustained periods of global climatic conditions favoring widespread precipitation. Liquid surface water has been locally present on Mars even after the Noachian, although only episodically, for transient intervals, and widely separated in space.
Characterization of an extremely halotolerant Staphylococcus arlettaeHPSSN35C isolated from Dwarka Beach, India
Authors: Nanjani Sandhya G. , Soni Harsha P.
Published: July 2013

An extremely halotolerant bacterium designated as HPSSN35C was isolated from saline soil of Dwarka beach, India. It exhibited growth over a wide range of NaCl in medium varying from 0 to 6 M. The isolate produced peach–pink pigment above ∼1.3 M NaCl. The culture was characterized using biochemical tests, bioMerieux Staph identification kit, API ID32 Staph system, and Biolog. Due to slow growth and extreme salt tolerance no ID was obtained in Biolog. Antibiotic sensitivity to various antibiotics was tested. Phenotypic characterization showed that it belonged to the novobiocin resistant staphylococci group. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of 1452 base pairs showed that isolate is closely related to Staphylococcus saprophyticus group with close relationship to Staphylococcus arlettae (99% similarity). The halotolerant S. arlettae described in literature till date have been reported to tolerate 4.5 M NaCl and produce white to yellow pigment. The present study reports for the first time extremely halotolerant S. arlettae exhibiting growth up to ∼6 M NaCl and producing peach–pink pigment above ∼1.3 M NaCl.