bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blessed be the educated journalist: Reflections on a religious literacy gap in the field of journalism
Authors: Weng Enqi , Wake Alexandra
Published: August 2021

Religion has ‘returned’ to news discourses, since 9/11, with a focus on Muslims and Islam and more recently on Catholicism (in the wake of paedophile priest scandals) and anti-Semitism (with the rise of the far-right movements). These news discourses, however, tend to adopt limited perspectives, and do not reflect the diversity of practices and viewpoints within these religious traditions. As Australia becomes increasingly ‘superdiverse’, there is a greater need for the inclusivity of cultural perspectives of these religions. Current research findings show that religious literacy among media practitioners in Australia is not only limited to specific notions about a small number of religions, it is exacerbated by an Anglo-Celtic dominance in the media workforce. This article suggests that for news media to provide a more culturally and religiously inclusive public service to promote societal understanding, current and emerging journalists require a more reflexive understanding of religions, through journalism studies and humanities more broadly, and how they have historically shaped the world, and continue to do so.
Mining a news desert: The impact of a local newspaper’s closure on political participation and engagement in the rural Australian town of Lightning Ridge
Authors: Magasic Marco , Hess Kristy
Published: August 2021

This article examines how a local newspaper’s closure impacts the way everyday people in a rural Australian town are informed about and engage with political affairs. It draws on a two-month focused ethnographic study in the outback town of Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, and explores people’s media-related practices following the closure of the town’s only newspaper, The Ridge News, in 2015. While social media is considered to have partly filled a news void, there is an increasingly fragmented and less vibrant local public sphere that has led to growing complacency among individuals about political affairs. Local residents highlight a dearth of reliable, credible information and lament the loss of the newspaper and its role in community advocacy and fostering people’s engagement with political institutions, especially local government.
The future of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Australia’s ‘chilling’ mediascape
Authors: Vujanic Ana
Published: August 2021

Two decades after Pierre Bourdieu published On Television and Journalism chronicling the decline of French public broadcasting and serious news, Australia’s national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), is in the throes of a similar decline. Besieged by a combination of funding cuts, allegations of political interference, pressure from the commercial media sector, nepotism and legislative frameworks at both federal and state levels that have sent a chill through Australian journalism, the ABC is facing challenging times. Through long-form interviews with journalists and senior bureau figures from the ABC Brisbane Bureau, this study seeks to gauge the extent to which the landscape for conducting public interest journalism in Australia has changed since 2018 and what the future of the ABC may look like.
Journalism Research in Practice: Perspectives on Change, Challenges, and Solutions, Robert E. Gutsche, Jr and Bonnie Brennen (eds) (2020)
Authors: Weller Denby
Published: August 2021

Review of: Journalism Research in Practice: Perspectives on Change, Challenges, and Solutions, Robert E. Gutsche, Jr and Bonnie Brennen (eds) (2020)

Abingdon: Routledge, 168 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-36746-966-5, h/bk, AUD252.00

ISBN 978-1-00303-227-4, ebk, AUD63.89
Journalists and Confidential Sources: Colliding Public Interests in the Age of the Leak, Joseph M. Fernandez (2021)
Authors: Muller Denis
Published: August 2021

Review of: Journalists and Confidential Sources: Colliding Public Interests in the Age of the Leak, Joseph M. Fernandez (2021)

Abingdon: Routledge, 300 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-36747-412-6, h/bk, $252.00

ISBN 978-1-00303-541-1, ebk, $63.89
Journalism, Society and Politics in the Digital Media Era, Nael Jebril, Stephen Jukes, Sofia Iordanidou and Emmanouil Takas (eds) (2020)
Authors: Morieson Lucy
Published: August 2021

Review of: Journalism, Society and Politics in the Digital Media Era, Nael Jebril, Stephen Jukes, Sofia Iordanidou and Emmanouil Takas (eds) (2020)

Bristol and Chicago, IL: Intellect, 211 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-168-9, h/bk, $ 135.00

ISBN 978-1-78938-170-2, ebk, $ 104.00
The Digital World of Sport: The Impact of Emerging Media on Sports News, Information and Journalism, Sam Duncan (2020)
Authors: English Peter
Published: August 2021

Review of: The Digital World of Sport: The Impact of Emerging Media on Sports News, Information and Journalism, Sam Duncan (2020)

London: Anthem Press, 176 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78527-505-0, h/bk, $125.00

ISBN 978-1-78527-507-4, ebk, $40.00
The Ethics of Photojournalism in the Digital Age, Miguel F. Santos Silva and Scott A. Eldridge II (2020)
Authors: Thomson T. J.
Published: August 2021

Review of: The Ethics of Photojournalism in the Digital Age, Miguel F. Santos Silva and Scott A. Eldridge II (2020)

Abingdon: Routledge, 166 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13858-629-1, h/bk, $201.60

ISBN 978-0-42950-468-6, ebk, $53.59

ISBN 978-1-13858-630-7, p/bk, $59.19
Democracy without Journalism?: Confronting the Misinformation Society, Victor Pickard (2019)
Authors: Watson Alysson
Published: August 2021

Review of: Democracy without Journalism?: Confronting the Misinformation Society, Victor Pickard (2019)

Abingdon: Oxford University Press, 248 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19094-675-3, h/bk, £64.00

ISBN 978-0-19094-676-0, p/bk, £18.99

ISBN 978-0-19094-678-4, ebk, AUD 20.23
The future of musical theatre: An animation of a video call between collaborators, 30 September 2020
Authors: Fairfield Joy Brooke , Knight Krista , Brinegar Barry
Published: August 2021

In the first autumn of the COVID-19 pandemic, long-time theatre collaborators in two different cities in the US South discuss the future of an art form that has currently gone dark. Influenced by punk culture, twenty-first-century internet aesthetics, social justice movements and their pets, this decade-strong creative team reflects in a multimedia format on their past work and enumerates their priorities for the future of musical theatre: cheap, remote, inexperienced, local, radical and full of women and sexual/gender minorities.
Sweet Mystery: The Musical Works of Rida Johnson Young, Ellen M. Peck (2020)
Authors: Wells Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2021

Review of: Sweet Mystery: The Musical Works of Rida Johnson Young, Ellen M. Peck (2020)

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 304 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19087-359-2, h/bk, £21.83
Perceptions and Barriers to Physical Activity in Childhood and Adulthood Among Latinas
Authors: Murillo Rosenda , Vazquez Mariana , Leal Isabel , Hernandez Daphne , Lu Qian , Reitzel Lorraine
Published: August 2021

Objective: The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify perceptions and barriers to physical activity in childhood and adulthood among Latina adults. Methods: We conducted 3 focus groups, 2 dyadic interviews, and an individual interview using semi-structured interview guides with 23 Latina women aged 21-35. A thematic analysis approach employing inductive and deductive coding was utilized to code, categorize, and summarize data into themes. Results: The themes that emerged focused on: (1) physical activity is enjoyable; (2) family influenced physical activity; (3) different lifestyle in the US influenced physical activity; (4) physical activity is important for health; and (5) responsibilities (eg, work, caregiving) as barriers to physical activity in adulthood. Conclusions: Perceptions and barriers to physical activity experienced in both childhood and adulthood should be considered in the promotion of physical activity among Latinas.
Exploring the Potential Effects of Technology Exposure on Temporary Impulsive Behaviors in Children
Authors: Samhan Bahae , Ruane Regina
Published: August 2021

Objective: In this study, we examined the potential impact technology exposure has on children. We focused on its relation to temporary impulsive behaviors. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled experiment on kindergartners to examine whether exposure to media influenced their short-term impulsivity. Results: Our findings confirm impulsivity in the experimental group. All test score means were statistically differen- all time scores were smaller and means for all error scores were larger in the post-study. This implies children respond faster but with more errors, a typical symptom of impulsivity. Conclusion: Our results support the importance of minimizing excessive use of technologies for children to reduce educational risks. Exposure to technology has demonstrated increased tendencies among children, where there are demonstrated difficulties in slowing down and controlling the number of errors they make on complext parts of presented tasks. In contrast, children with no exposure to the technology were better able to slow down, and make fewer errors.
Do Disordered Eating Behaviors Have an Effect on Food Addiction?
Authors: Alim Nural , Gokustun Kerim , Caliskan Gozde , Besler Zehra
Published: August 2021

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between food addiction and uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraint, and emotional eating. Methods: We carried out this study with 1168 students (758 girls and 410 boys) studying at 7 different high schools in Ankara, Turkey. We used 3 measures. The first measure part assessed the participants’ demographic characteristics. We used 2 other validated measures, the Yale Food Addiction Scale and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, to assess disordered eating behaviors. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between girls (12.9%) and boys (12%) in terms of food addiction (p = .67). We found that uncontrolled eating (p < .001), cognitive restraint (p = .007), and emotional eating (p < .001) scores were higher in individuals with food addiction (60.50±22.37; 38.39±24.41 and 57.42±28.49 respectively) than those without food addiction (40.17±24.74; 32.36±25.4 and 31.11±29.46 respectively). Furthermore, these eating behaviors increased the risk of food addiction in adolescents [Uncontrolled eating: OR: 1.02 (1.01-1.03); Cognitive Restraint: OR: 1.01 (1.00-1.02); Emotional Eating: OR: 1.016(1.009-1.024)]. Conclusions: Disordered eating behaviors can be seen more frequently among adolescents with food addiction compared to those without. In addition, these eating behaviors can increase the risk of food addiction relatively.
High School Students Voice Regarding School-based Physical Activity: Perceived Barriers and Facilitating Factors
Authors: Dubuc Marie , Fortin-Suzuki Seira , Beaudoin Sylvie , Berrigan Felix , Turcotte Sylvain
Published: August 2021

Objective: To contribute to the development of tailored school-based physical activity interventions, in this study, we aimed to identify the perceived facilitating factors and barriers of high school students toward their physical activity in the school environment. Methods: A total of 139 students from 4 different high schools completed an online questionnaire comprising open-ended questions on their perceived facilitating factors and barriers toward their physical activity at school. Thereafter, 100 of these students participated in one of the 16 focus groups designed to deepen students’ responses regarding their perceived facilitating factors and barriers. Qualitative content analysis was performed to classify data according to the Social-Ecological Model. Results: Through questionnaires, students mostly identified intrapersonal elements as facilitating factors and barriers to their practice of physical activity, as opposed to institutional factors during the focus groups. Girls strongly valued the characteristics of the interventions and of the involved school stakeholders. Conclusions: Our results allow us to qualify the current understanding of high school students’ perceived facilitating factors and barriers toward school-based physical activity and strengthen the relevance of surveying students prior to the development and implementation of physical activity interventions.
Assessment and Management of Mercury-Catalyzed Polyurethane Gym Floors: 10 Lessons from 10 New Jersey School Districts
Authors: Lynch Richard , Favata Elissa , Gochfeld Michael , Lynch Richard
Published: August 2021

Objective: Mercury catalyzed polyurethane (MCPU) floors installed in K-12 gymnasiums may release mercury vapor presenting possible mercury exposure to teachers and students. Varied approaches to sampling, air monitoring, ventilation, evacuation of gyms and/or removal of the floor coverings have occurred. As many gyms are being converted to classrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic, effective assessment and management of these floors is essential. Methods: Mercury assessment strategies for 10 New Jersey schools with MCPU floors were reviewed to assist school districts with decisions for management in-place or removal. Results: Bulk mercury levels do not predict airborne mercury levels. Mercury generation rates ranged between 0.02 to 0.17 μg/ft2/ hour. Hazards encountered during removal are substantial. Conclusions: Decisions to manage or remove mercury catalyzed rubber-like gym floor should be based upon a rigorous multi-factor assessment. Mercury exposures often can be managed via HVAC, added ventilation, temperature, and maintenance controls. A statewide registry of MCPU floors should be considered. Removal of MCPU floors should be professionally monitored to protect teachers, staff, and students.
A Cross-sectional Survey of Chinese Secondary School Students on Infectious Disease Prevention during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Qiu Haitian , Liu Zhongwei , Fang Haiyun
Published: August 2021

Objective: Improving secondary school students’ knowledge and behaviors toward infectious disease prevention is key to promoting their health. In this study, we evaluated secondary school students’ infectious disease prevention literacy, determined the sources of knowledge acquisition, and identified deficiencies in education programs. Methods: A questionnaire was disseminated through social media from February 1-5, 2020, starting from selected class group chats of students in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Jiangsu provinces. A total of 1761 responses were collected. The male-to-female ratio was 1.08:1. The chi-square test was employed to analyze data. Results: Most respondents reported that they were familiar with the standard 7-step handwashing method. Most respondents reported that their knowledge and behaviors of infectious disease prevention were mainly acquired through the Internet. The vast majority of respondents believed that more education programs are needed in secondary schools. Conclusions: Secondary school students’ knowledge and behaviors toward infectious disease prevention need to be improved. Infectious disease prevention programs on campuses should be increased in quantity, enriched in scope, refined in form, and improved in coherence and continuity.
State Recreational Marijuana Laws and Dispensaries: Chronic School Absenteeism in Washington State
Authors: Gakh Maxim , Coughenour Courtney , Kleven Brooke , Labus Brian
Published: August 2021

Objective: Whereas states continue to experiment with liberalized marijuana laws, how these laws impact health, education, and social factors is not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined whether chronic school absenteeism rates changed in Washington State in the presence of recreational marijuana dispensaries pursuant to implementation of the state’s recreational marijuana laws. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using school district chronic absenteeism rates before and after the presence of recreational dispensaries. Results: The results of the independent samples t-test showed no statistically significant difference in chronic absenteeism rates among districts with or without recreational marijuana dispensaries. Conclusions: The finding of no statistical significance for chronic absenteeism in districts with and without recreational dispensaries – a pattern that largely persisted among at-risk groups – supports that the presence of recreational marijuana dispensaries seems neither to exacerbate nor improve chronic school absenteeism rates. This finding is important for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers trying to understand the changing marijuana legal landscape.
Examining Auxiliary Verbs in a Salient Belief Elicitation
Authors: Maier Julie , Jozkowski Kristen , Montenegro Maria , Willis Malachi , Turner Ronna , Crawford Brandon , Lo Wen-Juo
Published: August 2021

Objective: Salient belief elicitations (SBEs) measure beliefs toward a health behavior through open-ended questions, with the purpose of developing close-ended survey questions. Auxiliary verbs used in SBE questions often differ (eg, What are the top 3 reasons you would/should decide to have an abortion?). We tested how 2 auxiliary verbs function in a SBE assessing abortion in English and Spanish: would/decidíra and should/debería. Methods: We administered a SBE survey online (N = 175) and in-person (N = 72); in-person participants also participated in cognitive interviews to assess question interpretation. Participants were assigned to survey versions that included identical SBE questions aside from auxiliary verbs—would/decidíra versus should/debería. Data analysis included: (1) content analysis of survey responses to assess differences in responses by version and (2) thematic analysis of interview data focused on interpretations of would/decidíra and should/ debería. Results: Would/decidíra surveys generated more response categories. Similarly, cognitive interview findings suggest participants conceptualized would/decidíra as allowing for more options, while should/debería was thought to include only the most significant reasons/circumstances for abortion, potentially restricting participants’ responses. Conclusion: These findings have important measurement implications for researchers administering SBEs
In silico promoter and expression analyses of rice Auxin Binding Protein 57 (ABP57)
Authors: Baharuddin Farah Afiqah , Khong Zhan Xuan , Zainal Zamri , Sukiran Noor Liyana
Published: August 2021

Auxin Binding Protein 57 (ABP57) is one of the molecular components involved in rice response to abiotic stress. The ABP57 gene encodes an auxin receptor which functions in activating the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Biochemical properties of ABP57 have been characterized; however, the function of ABP57, particularly on stress and hormone responses is still limited. This study was conducted to understand the regulation of ABP57 expression under abiotic stress. Thus, in silico identification of cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) in the promoter region of ABP57 was performed. Several motifs and transcription factor binding site (TFBS) that are involved in abiotic stress such as ABRE, DRE, AP2/EREBP, WRKY and NAC were identified. Next, expression analysis of ABP57 under drought, salt, auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) was conducted by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to verify the effect of these treatments on ABP57 transcript level. ABP57 was expressed at different levels in the shoot and root under drought conditions, and its expression was increased under IAA and ABA treatments. Moreover, our results showed that ABP57 expression in the root was more responsive to drought, auxin and ABA treatments compared to its transcript in the shoot. This finding suggests that ABP57 is a drought-responsive gene and possibly regulated by IAA and ABA.
Combining ability and heterosis analyses for oil and healthy fatty acid composition in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Sikder Md. Rayhan , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Bhuiya Sariful Haque , Arefin Khondakar Sumsul , Sohag Md. Mahbubul Hassan , Hossain Mohammad Anwar
Published: August 2021

Development of a variety having high oil content and desirable fatty acid compositions is a major objective of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programmes. To study the gene action (through combining ability) and heterosis for oil and fatty acids, an experiment was conducted using a 4 × 4 full diallel method. Four parents and their 12 F1 hybrids were evaluated following a randomized complete block design. Data were recorded for oil, fatty acids and oleic-linolenic (O/L) acid ratio. Highly significant genotypic variation was found among the parents and their F1 hybrids for the studied traits. The combining ability studies (general, specific and reciprocal) reflected that the oil and fatty acid traits were controlled by both non-additive and additive genes having significant maternal effects. Results also revealed that the parent China Badam was the best general combiner for oil, linolenic acid and O/L ratio whereas the parent Binachinabadam-4 for oleic and linoleic acids. Best SCA performance was found from the cross Dacca-1 × China Badam and Binachinabadam-4 × China Badam for oil, oleic- and linolenic-acid contents. Significant heterosis for oil content was observed in F1 hybrids obtained from the cross Binachinabadam-4 × China Badam and its reciprocal cross. The cross China Badam × GC (24)-1-1-1 showed a higher O/L ratio (>4) along with lower level of saturated fatty acids. Therefore, these crosses could be exploited in future breeding programmes to develop new lines for higher oil and healthy fatty acid compositions.
Meditation, Vision and Visualization in Daoism and Buddhism
Authors: Bumbacher Stephan Peter
Published: August 2021

Textual evidence points at a rather late date of the occurence of meditation in China. In addition, Chinese meditation appeared suddenly, i. e. without any apparent previous development, and in an already sophisticated form. On the other hand, India had witnessed long living and continuous meditative traditions. This may be taken as a possible indication pointing to a Chinese adaptation of an originally foreign concept.
Visuality in Esoteric Buddhism – Awakened with a Single Glance?
Authors: Kaufmann Paulus
Published: August 2021

In the year 806 CE the Japanese monk Kūkai returned from a journey to China and brought a large amount of visual artefacts with him. Commentators have wondered since what role these visual media play in Kūkai’s Buddhist thought. It has been speculated that the art works show that Kūkai values visual media higher when it comes to transmitting the teaching of the Buddha. Proponents of this view usually refer to a single passage from Kūkai’s writings to warrant their interpretation. By analysing the respective passage in detail and showing how it connects to Kūkai’s other writings, this article argues that Kūkai did not prefer the visual to the verbal in transmitting the dharma. Mandalas certainly play an important role in Kūkai’s thought, but their role differs from what these modern interpreters suppose: first, when Kūkai speaks about ‘mandalas’ he often does not refer to paintings, but to the structure of reality or to ritual procedures. Second, mandala paintings have an ambiguous role in esoteric ritual, because they were added rather late in the development of esoteric ritual. For Kūkai they serve primarily as storyboards for ritual performance. Third, the first glance at a mandala is an important moment during esoteric initiations, but it is only the beginning of a rigorous training. Moreover, the crucial moment in esoteric ritual is the union of the practitioner with the deity; glancing at the mandala has no role to play in this mystic union. Fourth, mandala paintings can be used, according to Kūkai, to reveal the deeper structure of texts, but in this role they are not superior to the written medium but rather play a helping role. Fifth, Kūkai believes that texts as well as paintings can be misleading whenever they are taken as representations of a rigid structure of reality. In Kūkai’s eyes, the visual cannot, therefore, solve the problem how the Buddha can transmit his dharma.
Maṇḍala within the Rock: The Visualization of the Mahāmāyūrī-vidyārājñī and its Altar in Southwestern China, 9th–13th Centuries
Authors: Yang Xiao
Published: August 2021

This paper considers visualizations in Chinese medieval esoteric Buddhism in seven sculptural tableaux of the Mahāmāyūrī-vidyārājñī (Peacock Wisdom King 孔雀明王) from rock carving sites in the Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. Early scholars highlighted the authority of Amoghavajra’s ritual manual for the Mahāmāyūrī images in this area, yet divergences between text and image hold them back from further interpretation. This paper reinvestigates these Mahāmāyūrī shrines “dialectically” by considering the text-image relationship. While keeping Amoghavajra’s ritual manual as a reference, it attempts to decode the meaning of the images and sites based on their own content, and to extrapolate from the text-image divergences how artistic productions and esoteric practices could lead to the presence of such divergences. This involves discussing artistic forms and decorative elements appropriated from exoteric Buddhism, as well as adjustments to the central icon and adjacent narrative scenes weaved within the temporal and spatial transitions. It also includes observations on the grouping between the Mahāmāyūrī and other deities in the larger iconographic program in their affiliated rock-cut sites, which reflects the interaction between this esoteric teaching and other popular beliefs. At least four out of seven examples share the same hierarchical iconographic programs or signature spatial structures similar to the Mahāmāyūrī altar prescribed in Amoghavajra’s ritual manual. It takes these visual or spatial similarities as concrete evidences that the construction of these shrines intended to make altars/maṇḍalas, although in two different ways to represent the esoteric altar and to create a space to conduct such a ritual.
“Pre-Buddhist” Conceptions of Vision and Visuality in China and Their Traces in Early Reflections on Painting
Authors: Suter Rafael
Published: August 2021

This paper attempts to delineate the relation of early Chinese views on vision and visuality to nascent reflections on painting arising in the Early Medieval period. Ever since that time, pictorial creativity has been associated with Buddhist ideas of spiritual perfection. Likewise, the Early Medieval concern for the visualization of spiritual journeys to exceptional humans (and superhumans) through imaginary landscapes seems to be of Buddhist origin. The first part of this paper gives a short sketch of the intellectual landscape in which theorizing on painting since the 5th century CE first arose. The main body of the study, consisting of parts two through five, close readings of pre-Buddhist texts on vision and imagination. From these exploratory investigations it emerges that the very terms that are key in early reflections on painting such as ‘spirit’ (shen 神), ‘perspicacity’ (ming 明), but also ‘imagination’ (xiang 想) and ‘symbol’ (xiang 象) are closely related to a specific conception of seeing and visuality which is manifest in these texts. A final part sketches the possible relevance of these observations in early and pre-imperial sources for the interpretation of Chinese theories on painting. It emerges that while the rising interest in imagination since the Eastern Jin period is indeed an innovation inspired by Buddhism, the extraordinary role of the notion of ‘spirit’ in reflections about painting is closely related to earlier autochthonous traditions. The appeal to specifically Buddhist notions such as the samādhi of free play in texts on pictorial production and contemplation appears to be of a secondary character. It seems to be mediated by the inclusion of the very word ‘spirit’ (shen) into Chinese renderings of technical Buddhist terms related to meditation, which resulted in the implicit association of this specialist vocabulary with inherited conceptions of spirit as a luminous force animating, inspiring and enlightening things, in both quite a literal and in a rather metaphorical sense.
Chitin localisation and retention in the exit tubes of the holocarpic oomycete Anisolpidium rosenvingei
Authors: Küpper Frithjof Christian , Fletcher Kyle , Maier Ingo
Published: August 2021

The finding of the enigmatic pathogen Anisolpidium rosenvingei in the filamentous brown macroalga Pylaiella littoralis presented a unique opportunity to histochemically study the distribution of chitin in this little-known pathogen using FUNGALASE™-F, a fluorescein-labelled chitinase. Chitin was found localised to the exit tube of this pathogen, which infects exclusively reproductive cells of its host. The cytological and phylogenetic implications of this finding are discussed. This paper also reports the first record of this pathogen in the United Kingdom, on the west coast of Scotland.
Quasiexcellence implies strong generation
Authors: Aoki Ko
Published: August 2021

We prove that
the bounded derived category
of coherent sheaves on a quasicompact separated
quasiexcellent scheme of finite dimension
has a strong generator in the sense
of Bondal–Van den Bergh.
This simultaneously extends
two results of Iyengar–Takahashi and Neeman
and is new even in the affine case.
The main ingredient includes
Gabber’s weak local uniformization theorem
and the notions of boundedness and descendability
of a morphism of schemes.
Milnor excision for motivic spectra
Authors: Elmanto Elden , Hoyois Marc , Iwasa Ryomei , Kelly Shane
Published: August 2021

We prove that the

∞

{\infty}

-category of motivic spectra satisfies Milnor excision: if

A
→
B

{A\to B}

is a morphism of commutative rings sending an ideal

I
⊂
A

{I\subset A}

isomorphically onto an ideal of B, then a motivic spectrum over A is equivalent to a pair of motivic spectra over B and

A
/
I

{A/I}

that are identified over

B
/
I

⁢
B

{B/IB}

. Consequently, any cohomology theory represented by a motivic spectrum satisfies Milnor excision. We also prove Milnor excision for Ayoub’s étale motives over schemes of finite virtual cohomological dimension.
Modulation of macrophage functions by ECM-inspired wound dressings – a promising therapeutic approach for chronic wounds
Authors: Torregrossa Marta , Kakpenova Ainur , Simon Jan C. , Franz Sandra
Published: August 2021

Nonhealing chronic wounds are among the most common skin disorders with increasing incidence worldwide. However, their treatment is still dissatisfying, that is why novel therapeutic concepts targeting the sustained inflammatory process have emerged. Increasing understanding of chronic wound pathologies has put macrophages in the spotlight of such approaches. Herein, we review current concepts and perspectives of therapeutic macrophage control by ECM-inspired wound dressing materials. We provide an overview of the current understanding of macrophage diversity with particular view on their roles in skin and in physiological and disturbed wound healing processes. Based on this we discuss strategies for their modulation in chronic wounds and how such strategies can be tailored in ECM-inspired wound dressing. The latter utilize and mimic general principles of ECM-mediated cell control, such as binding and delivery of signaling molecules and direct signaling to cells specifically adapted for macrophage regulation in wounds. In this review, we present examples of most recent approaches and discuss ideas for their further development.
Übersetzen als interkulturelles Handeln
Authors: Liang Yong
Published: August 2021

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden einige altbekannte Fragen in der Übersetzungsforschung und -praxis aufgegriffen und aus interkultureller Sicht neu reflektiert. Anhand von exemplarischen Übersetzungen geisteswissenschaftlicher Schlüsselwörter, die in ihrem historischen, soziokulturellen und sprachlichen Kontext sowie im Hinblick auf ihre Verwendung und Wirkung hin analysiert bzw. diskutiert werden, möchten wir der Frage nachgehen, was interkulturell qualifiziertes Übersetzen auszeichnet.
Causal inference under interference with prognostic scores for dynamic group therapy studies
Authors: Han Bing , Paddock Susan M. , Burgette Lane
Published: August 2021

Group therapy is a common treatment modality for behavioral health conditions. Patients often enter and exit groups on an ongoing basis, leading to dynamic therapy groups. Examining the effect of high versus low session attendance on patient outcomes is a research question of interest. However, there are several challenges to identifying causal effects in this setting, including the lack of randomization, interference among patients, and the interrelatedness of patient participation. Dynamic therapy groups motivate a unique causal inference scenario, as the treatment statuses are completely defined by the patient attendance record for the therapy session, which is also the structure inducing interference. We adopt the Rubin causal model framework to define the causal effect of high versus low session attendance of group therapy at both the individual patient and peer levels. We propose a strategy to identify individual, peer, and total effects of high attendance versus low attendance on patient outcomes by the prognostic score stratification. We examine performance of our approach via simulation and apply it to data from a group cognitive behavioral therapy trial for treating depression among patients in a substance use disorders treatment setting.
Design and simulation of a novel FOIMC-PD/P double-loop control structure for CSTRs and bioreactors
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Aryan Pulakraj , Raja G. Lloyds
Published: August 2021

The design of control methods for unstable plants is somewhat complex than that of stable plants. This is because unstable process models contain one or more poles lying on the right of the s-plane which yields unbounded closed-loop response. Further, the presence of the dead-time induces more complexity as it decreases the gain and phase margins which in turn deteriorates the closed-loop performance. The design of control strategies become more challenging for plants of unstable nature with positive zeros because they exhibit a phenomenon called inverse response. This paper suggests a method to design a double-loop scheme for unstable plants with/without inverse response. Accordingly, a proportional-derivative (PD)/proportional (P) controllers are used in the inner-loop for stabilizing the plant. A fractional order internal model controller (FOIMC) scheme is used to obtain the outer-loop controller using the stabilized plant model. The P/PD controller settings have been obtained by using the Routh-stability criteria and the maximum sensitivity approach. Procedure for selecting the outer-loop tuning parameter and fractional order is also given. Linear and nonlinear models of unstable plants including bioreactors and isothermal chemical reactors are used to demonstrate the merits of the suggested strategy. Robustness of the design and effect of measurement noise are also studied. Integrated absolute/squared error measures are also calculated. The suggested design is found to be more effective in controlling unstable processes than some reported works.
Modeling time-temperature history and sterilization value of mango puree under conventional and microwave assisted pasteurization
Authors: Oishi Tamires K. , Gut Jorge A. W.
Published: August 2021

Continuous pasteurization of liquid foods has to provide the desired lethality level to guarantee food safety with minimum degradation of quality attributes (sensorial and nutritional characteristics) and high energy efficiency. To optimize quality and cost, a thermal process should be modeled considering flow, heat transfer and mass dispersion principles; however, flow through helical tubes and microwave heating require a complex 3D multiphysics approach. Herein a simplified 2D approach is presented to model a hybrid pasteurization unit with conventional and microwave heating under laminar flow to predict axial and radial distributions of temperature and residual activity of a microorganism or enzyme. A study case of 20 °Brix mango puree (power law fluid) processing is used to test the model based on an existing pilot plant unit. Results were useful to compare conventional and microwave heating regarding the process sterilization value and model can be used for process analysis, design and optimization.
Reaction of •OH with CHCl=CH-CHF2 and its atmospheric implication for future environmental-friendly refrigerant
Authors: Holtomo Olivier , Rhyman Lydia , Nsangou Mama , Ramasami Ponnadurai , Motapon Ousmanou
Published: August 2021

In order to understand the atmospheric implication of the chlorinated hydrofluoroolefin (HFO), the geometrical structures and the IR absorption cross sections of the stereoisomers 1-chloro-3,3-difluoropropene were studied using the B3LYP/6-31G(3df) and M06-2X/6-31G(3df) methods in the gas phase. The cis-trans isomerization was assessed using the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,p)//6-31+G(3df,p) method. The latter method was also employed for thermochemistry and the rate coefficients of the reactions of •OH with the cis- and trans-isomers in the temperature ranging from 200 to 400 K. The computational method CCSD/cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/6-31+G(3df,p) was used to benchmark the rate coefficients. It turns out that, the trans-isomer is more stable than cis-isomer and the trans- to cis-isomerization is thermodynamically unfavorable. The rate coefficient follows the Gaussian law with respect to the inverse of temperature. At the global temperature of stratosphere, the calculated rate coefficients served to estimate the atmospheric lifetime along with the photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP). This yielded lifetimes of 4.31 and 7.31 days and POCPs of 3.80 and 2.23 for the cis- and trans-isomer, respectively. The radiative forcing efficiencies gave 0.0082 and 0.0152 W m−2 ppb−1 for the cis- and trans-isomer, respectively. The global warming potential approached zero for both stereoisomers at 20, 100, and 500 years time horizons.
Exploring the pH-dependent kinetics, thermodynamics and photochemistry of a flavylium-based pseudorotaxane
Authors: Anastácio Rita , Seco André , Mateus Pedro , Parola A. Jorge , Basílio Nuno
Published: August 2021

Flavylium-based molecular switches are attractive molecular components to devise stimuli-responsive host-guest systems such as rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes. These compounds display a pH-dependent reaction network of several species that reversibly interconvert within different time scales. Therefore, to explore and take profit of exceptional stimuli-responsive properties of these systems, detailed kinetic and thermodynamic characterizations are often required. In this work, we present the results of such characterization for a new flavylium compound decorated with a trimethylalkylammonium substituent designed to form a pseudorotaxane with cucurbit[7]uril (CB7). The formation of the pseudorotaxane was characterized in detail, and the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the flavylium interconversion reactions in the assembly were investigated and compared with the free molecular switch.
Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) fabricated composite microgels and their applications in different fields
Authors: Naseem Khalida
Published: August 2021

This article encircles the research progress of Fe3O4 NPs loaded composite microgel particles. Preparation methodologies, properties and applications of Fe3O4 NPs loaded composite microgel particles are elaborated here. The effect of different factors on the stability and tunable properties of Fe3O4 NPs loaded composite microgel particles was also investigated in detail. These composite particles have exceptional magnetic properties that make them demanding composite nano-formulation in different fields. Applications of these composite microgel particles in different fields as micro-reactor, drug delivery vehicles, and in adsorption and catalysis have also been elaborated in detail. These composite microgel particles can easily be recovered from the reaction mixture by applying an external magnet due to the presence of fabricated Fe3O4 NPs.
Phonological evidence for morpho-syntactic structure in Athapaskan
Authors: Goad Heather , Travis Lisa deMena
Published: August 2021

Athapaskan verbal morphology appears to violate the Mirror Principle in multiple ways and, thus, the ordering of affixes in these languages has resisted a straightforward analysis. We adopt a new morphological tool of Iterative Root Prefixation, which allows for a more direct mapping from syntax to morphology in languages of this profile. Apparent violations of affix ordering that remain, namely the puzzling placement of the transitive and causative morphemes, are argued to be explained by overriding phonological constraints.
Punishment for Patricide
Authors: Howard J. Caleb
Published: August 2021

Publication and edition of an Ur III document, probably from Umma, recording the punishment of two men for patricide, along with discussion of implications of the document for Ur III legal history and administration.
Literary Texts from the Sippar Library II: The Epic of Creation
Authors: Fadhil Anmar Abdulillah , Jiménez Enrique
Published: August 2021

This article presents first editions of three large manuscripts of the Epic of Creation from the “Sippar Library,” and eight smaller fragments from the British Museum’s “Babylon” and “Sippar” collections. In addition to restoring several lines of various episodes of the text, they provide an almost complete restoration of the two closing verses of the Babylonian version of the poem.
Highly photosensitized Mg4 Si6O15 (OH)2·6H2O@guar gum nanofibers for the removal of methylene blue under solar light irradiation
Authors: Ata Sadia , Naz Saba , Bibi Ismat , Mohsin Ijaz-ul , Islam Atif , Mehmood Azra , Al-Fawzan Foziah F. , Alissa Siham A. , Iqbal Munawar
Published: August 2021

In the present investigation, photosensitized nanofibers (NFs) based on guar gum (GG)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O (SP) (modified by 1, 4-diamminobutane [DAB]) was fabricated by electrospinning approach and same was used for the degradation of dye under solar light irradiation. For electrospinning of NFs, the acceleration voltage, nozzle flow rate and collector distance levels of 19,000 KV, 0.5 mL/h and 3 cm were optimum conditions along with 7% (w/v) blend of GG/PVA (1.4:5.6 wt/wt) and 0.01 g modified Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O. The exfoliation, intercalation and clay organophilization in GG/PVA/Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O (GG/PVA/SP) NFs were examined by FTIR analysis. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of NF was studied under the solar light irradiation for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. The photosensitized GG/PVA/SP2 (G3) showed promising PCA under visible light and G3 furnished higher degradation of MB dye (99.1%) within 10 min of irradiation. Results revealed that GG/PVA/SP based NFs are highly active under solar light, which can be applied for the treatment of wastewater.
Cracking of the paraffins on catalysts from natural zeolite of Kazakhstan Shankanay field
Authors: Krebayeva Lazat , Algabas Zhannur , Еssenbayeva Akerkem , Brodskyi Alexandr , Konuspayev Sapargali
Published: August 2021

Cracking of paraffins was held to obtain long chain α-olefins using the catalysts from natural zeolite of Shankanay field modified with 1N HCl at the temperature range of 500-570°С and atmospheric pressure on a fixed layer. Liquid and gaseous reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography; regeneration of the catalyst was carried out with a steam-air mixture until total absence of CO2 in the contact gases. To evaluate the structure and texture of the obtained catalysts, the methods of Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractometry analysis, and elemental analysis using scanning electron microscopy were used. As results, zeolite modification allowed doubling the activity of the catalysts and increasing the selectivity by 23.8-44.8%. The group compositions of olefins, alkanes and gaseous products were detected. Iron form under α-Fe2O3, ε-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH was present. The modified and blank form of catalysts under 1N hydrochloric acid solution washing phase content was detected; partial destruction of the crystalline carcass of clinoptilolite was observed.
Ultrasound-assisted dewatering of crude oil from Kumkol oilfield
Authors: Nadirova Zhanna , Ivakhnenko Oleksandr , Zhantasov Manap , Bimbetova Gulmira , Nadirov Kazim
Published: August 2021

Reducing the water content of crude oil is a necessary step in preparing oil for transportation and processing. This task is complicated by the presence of stable water-in-oil emulsions. The most widely used approach to oil demulsification is exploring chemical demulsifiers. However, the high cost and impossibility of regenerating the latter require the search for new ways to destroy water-oil emulsions. One of the promising areas is the use of ultrasound. This paper presents the results of studies on the ultrasonic treatment of four samples of emulsions with different water content (8.74; 15; 25 and 30 vol.%) based on oil from the Kumkol oilfield (Kazakhstan). Samples of emulsions were subjected to ultrasonic action at a frequency of 40 kHz for 5-60 min at a temperature of 70±1°C, followed by settling for 40 min at the indicated temperature. The influence of the initial water content in the emulsion, the acoustic intensity, as well as the duration of ultrasonic treatment on the dewatering ratio was investigated. It was found that the residual water content in the oil was 5.04- 7.82 vol.%. Ultrasonic treatment of crude oil from the Kumkol oilfield can be used for preliminary dewatering, to subsequently reduce the consumption of chemical demulsifiers.
Evolución histórica-epistemológica de la Economía Circular: ¿Hacia un nuevo paradigma del desarrollo?
Authors: Hernández Oscar Ugalde
Published: August 2021

El desarrollo histórico-epistemológico del concepto de Economía Circular ha sido un proceso que inició desde la escuela clásica de Economía hacia finales del siglo XVIII, y que ha llegado a consolidarse hasta las primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI. En sus inicios, los economistas clásicos mostraron noción de las posibles consecuencias de alcanzar los límites de recursos del planeta, y llegar a un estado estacionario. Inclusive se generó preocupación por el impacto negativo del sistema económico convencional de mercado en el ambiente. Tal preocupación se profundizó en el siglo XX donde surge un movimiento ambientalista contracultura, que germina con ideas innovadoras para poder regenerar y restaurar nuestros recursos, con base en cómo los sistemas naturales funcionan. Por tanto, surge la Economía Circular en el siglo XXI en calidad de un concepto tan robusto que se empieza a considerar como un nuevo paradigma del desarrollo que requiere de esquemas de acción pronta para cambiar el rumbo en el uso de los recursos finitos del planeta.
La concepción tetradimensional del derecho, como propuesta epistemológica para la garantía de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Uribe Arzate Enrique
Published: August 2021

The conception of the law has a decisive influence on the guarantee of human rights. The three-dimensional theory of law has coupled norm, fact and value to express that law cannot be understood in a monolithic or one-dimensional manner; based on this theory, human rights are not materialized in people’s daily lives, since current theory lacks the political element. Thus, it is necessary to build a four-dimensional theory that includes law as policy, specifically, as public policies for the effective guarantee of human rights. The objective of the present work is to exhibit the relevance of the four-dimensional vision of law for the identification of politics in the search for mechanisms in favor of the guarantee of human rights.