bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Threshold Ferritin Concentrations Reflecting Early Iron Deficiency Based on Hepcidin and Soluble Transferrin Receptor Serum Levels in Patients with Absolute Iron Deficiency
Authors: Tarancon-Diez Laura , Genebat Miguel , Roman-Enry Manuela , Vázquez-Alejo Elena , Espinar-Buitrago Maria de la Sierra , Leal Manuel , Muñoz-Fernandez Mª Ángeles
Published: November 2022

(1) Background: The serum ferritin cut-off to define absolute iron deficiency is not well-established. The aim of the present study was to determine a clinically relevant ferritin threshold by using early serum biomarkers of iron deficiency such as hepcidin and the soluble transferrin receptor; (2) Methods: Two hundred and twenty-eight asymptomatic subjects attending a hospital as outpatients between 1st April 2020 and 27th February 2022 were selected. Iron metabolism parameters as part of the blood analysis were requested by their doctor and included in the study. Then, they were classified into groups according to their ferritin levels and iron-related biomarkers in serum were determined, quantified, and compared between ferritin score groups and anemic subjects. (3) Results: Serum ferritin levels below 50 ng/mL establish the point from which the serum biomarker, the soluble transferrin receptor to hepcidin ratio (sTfR/Hep ratio), begins to correlate significantly with ferritin levels. (4) Conclusion: Ferritin levels ≤ 50 ng/mL are indicative of early iron deficiency; hence, this should be considered as a clinically relevant cut-off for iron deficiency.
Is Adolescents’ Free Sugar Intake Associated with the Free Sugar Intake of Their Parents?
Authors: Zhang Rou , Yang Qiping , Tang Qiong , Xi Yue , Lin Qian , Yang Lina
Published: November 2022

High free sugar intake can lead to increased dental caries, obesity, and other health risks among adolescents. Studies have shown that family factors, especially parents, are one of the primary factors influencing adolescents’ sugar intake. This study aims to investigate the influence of adolescent parents’ free sugar intake, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on adolescents’ free sugar intake. A total of 1090 pairs of adolescents and their parents from 10 secondary schools in Changsha were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Free sugar intakes of parents and adolescents were measured using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The current status of parents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice in consuming free sugar was investigated using online and offline questionnaires. Parental free sugar intake was 11.55 (5.08, 21.95) g/d, and that of adolescents was 41.13 (19.06, 80.58) g/d. Parental free sugar intake, free sugar knowledge level, intake behavior, and guidance behavior were associated with adolescent free sugar intake. A superior level of parental free sugar knowledge (adjusted OR = 0.726, 95% CI: 0.557~0.946) was a protective factor for adolescent free sugar intake. Moderate and high levels of parental free sugar intake (adjusted OR = 1.706, 95% CI: 1.212~2.401; adjusted OR = 2.372, 95% CI: 1.492~3.773, respectively) were risk factors for free sugar intake in adolescents. Given the importance of parental influence on the adolescent free sugar intake, further limiting parental intake and increasing awareness of free sugars could play an active role in future interventions for adolescents’ free sugar intake.
Validation of Asian Body Mass Index Cutoff Values for the Classification of Malnutrition Severity According to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations
Authors: Shirai Yuka , Momosaki Ryo , Kokura Yoji , Kato Yuki , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Shimizu Akio
Published: November 2022

Low body mass index (BMI) is an independent predictor of prolonged hospital stay and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the validity of Asian BMI cutoff values for classifying severity based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in patients with acute COPD exacerbations. This study sought to validate whether Asian BMI cutoff values can accurately predict 30-day in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and 90-day readmission outcomes for patients with acute COPD exacerbations. The present retrospective cohort study was conducted using a large claims database created by the JMDC. Patients were classified into three groups according to the severity of low BMI assessed using Asian BMI cutoff values. As a result, 624 (29.4%) had severely low BMI, and 444 (20.9%) had moderately low BMI. The severity of low BMI, as assessed by the Asian BMI cutoff values used in the GLIM criteria, was independently associated with 30-day in-hospital mortality (moderately low BMI: HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.13–3.08; p = 0.014 and severely low BMI: HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.66–3.92; p < 0.001). The Asian BMI cutoff values used to classify the severity of malnutrition in the GLIM criteria are clinically functional for predicting the prognosis of patients with acute COPD exacerbations.
Self-Reported Mandibular Impairment and Cervical Pain Comorbidity in Undergraduate Dental Students
Authors: Arcas Luciana Paula Benício , Pinto Letícia Messias Marques , Moromizato Ana Laura Sebben Fornari , Miranda Jean Soares , Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Amaral Marina
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of co-existence of self-reported mandibular functional impairment and cervical pain in the same individuals. Participants answered a validated Mandibular Functional Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ) and also indicated in a schematic map the region of cervical pain when it was reported. The frequency of cervical pain in participants with or without mandibular functional was compared with Chi-squared test. The final evaluated population consisted of 80 participants, 28 men (35%) and 52 women (65%), with ages ranging between 18 and 55 years (median = 20). It was found that 43.75% (n = 35) reported cervical pain, 15% of participants reported some degree of mandibular impairment, and 11.25% presented the comorbidity. In conclusion, participants with mandibular impairment presented significantly more frequent cervical pain than participants without mandibular impairment.
Prevalence, Infection Intensity and Molecular Diagnosis of Mixed Infections with Metastrongylus spp. (Metastrongylidae) in Wild Boars in Uzbekistan
Authors: Kuchboev Abdurakhim E. , Krücken Jürgen
Published: November 2022

The aim of the present study was to characterize the diversity of Metastrongylus spp. in wild boars and the earthworm intermediate host species contributing to the maintenance of the life cycle. Here, wild boars were subjected to parasitological necropsies, and lungworm species were identified morphologically, followed by confirmation using ITS-2 sequencing and a phylogenetic analysis. Earthworms were collected from wild boar habitats and investigated for the presence of larvae. The prevalence of Metastrongylus spp. in wild boars was 78.8%, and many individuals were positive for all three detected species, Metastrongylus pudendotectus, Metastrongylus salmi and Metastrongylus elongatus. The phylogenetic analysis did not clearly resolve all species, except for M. pudendotectus. Age group and season had no influence on prevalence, while intensity was significantly higher in autumn than in spring and summer (Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s test). Three out of six investigated earthworm species were positive for metastrongyloid larvae (prevalence of 10.4–16.7%), but neither their phylogenetic relationship nor ecological microhabitats were able to explain these differences. Further sequence data should be used to improve the resolution in phylogenetic trees to determine potential cryptic species in the genus, while the application of deep sequencing approaches might provide insights into species-specific epidemiology and pathology.
“K-Powder” Exposure during Adolescence Elicits Psychiatric Disturbances Associated with Oxidative Stress in Female Rats
Authors: Cartágenes Sabrina de Carvalho , da Silveira Cinthia Cristina Sousa de Menezes , Pinheiro Bruno Gonçalves , Fernandes Luanna Melo Pereira , Farias Sarah Viana , Kobayashi Natália Harumi Correa , de Souza Pablo Henrique Franco Santos , Prado Alejandro Ferraz do , Ferreira Maria Karolina Martins , Lima Rafael Rodrigues , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Correa , de Luna Francisco Canindé Ferreira , Burbano Rommel Mário Rodríguez , Fontes-Júnior Enéas Andrade , Maia Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz
Published: November 2022

Ketamine, also called ‘K-powder’ by abusers, an analog of phencyclidine, primarily acts as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, therapeutically used as an anesthetic agent. Ketamine also stimulates the limbic system, inducing hallucinations and dissociative effects. At sub-anesthetic doses, ketamine also displays hallucinatory and dissociative properties, but not loss of consciousness. These behavioral consequences have elicited its recreational use worldwide, mainly at rave parties. Ketamine is generally a drug of choice among teenagers and young adults; however, the harmful consequences of its recreational use on adolescent central nervous systems are poorly explored. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterize the behavioral and biochemical consequences induced by one binge-like cycle of ketamine during the early withdrawal period in adolescent female rats. Adolescent female Wistar rats (n = 20) received intraperitoneally administered ketamine (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration of ketamine, animals were submitted to behavioral tests in an open field, elevated plus-maze, and forced swimming test. Then, animals were intranasally anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and euthanized to collect prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to assess lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, reactive oxygen species, reduced glutathione, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Our results found that 24 h after recreational ketamine use, emotional behavior disabilities, such as anxiety- and depression-like profiles, were detected. In addition, spontaneous ambulation was reduced. These negative behavioral phenotypes were associated with evidence of oxidative stress on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
Pharmacological Properties of Jaeumgeonbi-Tang on Redox System and Stress-Related Hormones in Chronic Subjective Dizziness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Chan-young , Kim Hyeong-Geug , Lee Hye Won , Seol In-Chan , Kim Yoon-Sik , Choi Hyung Il , Park Miso S. , Yoo Ho-Ryong
Published: November 2022

Jaeumgeonbi-Tang (JGT), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used to treat dizziness and vertigo in Korea and China for hundreds of years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological properties of JGT in chronic subjective dizziness (CSD) patients. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group and placebo-controlled trial was performed with a total of 50 CSD patients. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: JGT or placebo (n = 25 for each). All participants received the treatment (placebo or JGT, 24 g/day) for 4 weeks. We analyzed the serum levels of oxidative stressors, antioxidants, and stress hormones. Serum levels of lipid peroxidation, but not nitric oxide, were significantly decreased in the JGT group. JGT not only prevented the decline of serum total glutathione contents and total antioxidant capacity, but it also increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Serum levels of stress hormones including cortisol, adrenaline, and serotonin were notably normalized by JGT treatment, but noradrenaline levels were not affected. Regarding the safety and tolerability of JGT, we found no allergic, adverse, or side effects in any of the participants. JGT showed beneficial effects on CSD patients by improving redox status and balancing psycho-emotional stress hormones.
Hydrosols of Veronica Species—Natural Source of Free Volatile Compounds with Potential Pharmacological Interest
Authors: Nazlić Marija , Akrap Karla , Kremer Dario , Dunkić Valerija
Published: November 2022

In this study, free volatile compounds (FVCs) were isolated from the water fractions (hydrosols) of 10 Croatian Veronica species obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The use of different isolation techniques is important for the analysis of the influence of extraction conditions on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the isolated constituents. The composition of the hydrosols was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The compounds β-ionone and benzene acetaldehyde were detected in all 10 Veronica hydrosols studied. E-caryophyllene was also identified in all isolates except the MAE isolate of V. arvensis L. Caryophyllene oxide was isolated in all isolates apart from the HD isolate of V. catenata Pennell. (E)-β-Damascenone is significantly present in all isolates except the MAE isolates of V. catanata and V. cymbalaria Bodard. In these two species, α-muurolol was identified in a high percentage. The same basic phytochemical constituents and compounds characteristic of a given Veronica species suggest the importance of further research. Antioxidant activity was tested for all extracts using two methods, ORAC and DPPH. Therefore, it is crucial to identify as many specialized metabolites from Veronica species as possible, especially hydrosols, which are natural products of potential pharmacological interest.
Discovery and SAR Study of Quinoxaline–Arylfuran Derivatives as a New Class of Antitumor Agents
Authors: Fan Dongmei , Liu Pingxian , Jiang Yunhan , He Xinlian , Zhang Lidan , Wang Lijiao , Yang Tao
Published: November 2022

A novel class of quinoxaline–arylfuran derivatives were designed, synthesized, and preliminarily evaluated for their antiproliferative activities in vitro against several cancer cell lines and normal cells. The representative derivative QW12 exerts a potent antiproliferative effect against HeLa cells (IC50 value of 10.58 μM), through inducing apoptosis and triggering ROS generation and the accumulation of HeLa cells in vitro. Western blot analysis showed that QW12 inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation (Y705) in a dose-dependent manner. The BLI experiment directly demonstrated that QW12 binds to the STAT3 recombination protein with a KD value of 67.3 μM. Furthermore, molecular docking investigation showed that QW12 specifically occupies the pY+1 and pY-X subpocket of the SH2 domain, thus blocking the whole transmission signaling process. In general, these findings indicated that the study of new quinoxaline–aryfuran derivatives as inhibitors of STAT3 may lead to new therapeutic medical applications for cancer in the future.
Protein and Gene Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Where Do We Stand Today?
Authors: Siafaka Panoraia I. , Okur Mehmet Evren , Erim Pelin Dilsiz , Çağlar Emre Şefik , Özgenç Emre , Gündoğdu Evren , Köprülü Rabia Edibe Parlar , Karantas Ioannis D. , Üstündağ Okur Neslihan
Published: November 2022

It has been estimated that every year, millions of people are affected by neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate their lives and their caregivers’ lives. To date, there has not been an approved pharmacological approach to provide the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The only available drugs may only relieve the symptoms or slow down the progression of the disease. The absence of any treatment is quite rational given that neurodegeneration occurs by the progressive loss of the function or structure of the nerve cells of the brain or the peripheral nervous system, which eventually leads to their death either by apoptosis or necrotic cell death. According to a recent study, even though adult brain cells are injured, they can revert to an embryonic state, which may help to restore their function. These interesting findings might open a new path for the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies to combat devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Gene and protein therapies have emerged as a rapidly growing field for various disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Despite these promising therapies, the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has not yet been achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to address the most up-to-date data for neurodegenerative diseases, but most importantly, to summarize the available delivery systems incorporating proteins, peptides, and genes that can potentially target such diseases and pass into the blood–brain barrier. The authors highlight the advancements, at present, on delivery based on the carrier, i.e., lipid, polymeric, and inorganic, as well as the recent studies on radiopharmaceutical theranostics.
Study Destination Choice and Career Preferences of International Students at China Pharmaceutical University
Authors: Alolga Raphael N. , Kassim Said Abasse , Dramou Pierre
Published: November 2022

This study had two main thematic aims: first, to determine the factors that influenced the choice of international students at China Pharmaceutical University (CPU) to consider China as a study destination; second, to determine the career preferences of international students upon completion of their various programs of study. As a cross-sectional study, relevant data were collected from undergraduate pharmacy students and postgraduates using a self-administered questionnaire. On the whole, the five most important pull factors that influenced the choice of China as the study destination for the respondents were: (1) quality of education, (2) quality of academic staff, (3) security, (4) desire to obtain a certificate from a foreign country and (5) availability of scholarship opportunities. With respect to the career choices, the top three career preferences of the international students were: (1) to work in the pharmaceutical industry (i.e., pharmaceutical manufacturing companies), (2) to practice clinical pharmacy and (3) to seek employment opportunities outside their countries. This study provides additional details on why China has gradually become a study destination of choice for international students. The career preferences of students could be useful in the design of academic programs that could meet their job aspirations.
The Effect of Hot-Melt Extrusion of Mulberry Leaf on the Number of Active Compounds and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Kim Hyun-Bok , Ryu Suji , Baek Jong-Suep
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to compare the functions of the physiologically active compounds of three types of mulberry leaf by cultivar, and to confirm the changes using hot-melt extrusion (HME−ML). The active components of mulberry leaf were analyzed using the HPLC system, and total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity were measured. Among the three varieties, the highest contents of rutin and isoquercetin were detected in Cheongil, of TPC in Cheongol, and of TFC in Cheongil. It was confirmed that this bio-accessibility was increased in HME−ML compared with the control. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Cheongol showed greater antioxidant properties, and HME showed improvement in the antioxidant properties of all mulberry leaves. These results suggest that the application of HME technology can improve the biological activities of mulberry leaf.
Cultivation of Lemna Minor on Industry-Derived, Anaerobically Digested, Dairy Processing Wastewater
Authors: O’Mahoney Rachel , Coughlan Neil E. , Walsh Éamonn , Jansen Marcel A. K.
Published: November 2022

The growth and nutrient uptake capacity of a common duckweed (Lemnaceae) species, Lemna minor “Blarney”, on dairy processing wastewater pre-treated by an anaerobic digester (AD-DPW) was explored. L. minor was cultivated in small stationary vessels in a controlled indoor environment, as well as in a semi-outdoor 35 L recirculatory system. The use of AD-DPW as a cultivation medium for L. minor offers a novel approach to dairy wastewater treatment, evolving from the current resource-intensive clean-up of wastewaters to duckweed-based valorisation, simultaneously generating valuable plant biomass and remediating the wastewater.
Identification of CAMTA Gene Family in Heimia myrtifolia and Expression Analysis under Drought Stress
Authors: Yang Liyuan , Zhao Yu , Zhang Guozhe , Shang Linxue , Wang Qun , Hong Sidan , Ma Qingqing , Gu Cuihua
Published: November 2022

Calmodulin-binding transcription factor (CAMTA) is an important component of plant hormone signal transduction, development, and drought resistance. Based on previous transcriptome data, drought resistance genes of the Heimia myrtifolia CAMTA transcription factor family were predicted in this study. The physicochemical characteristics of amino acids, subcellular localization, transmembrane structure, GO enrichment, and expression patterns were also examined. The results revealed that H. myrtifolia has a total of ten members (HmCAMTA1~10). Phylogenetic tree analysis of the HmCAMTA gene family revealed four different branches. The amino acid composition of CAMTA from H. myrtifolia and Punica granatum was quite similar. In addition, qRT-PCR data showed that the expression levels of HmCAMTA1, HmCAMTA2, and HmCAMTA10 genes increased with the deepening of drought, and the peak values appeared in the T4 treatment. Therefore, it is speculated that the above four genes are involved in the response of H. myrtifolia to drought stress. Additionally, HmCAMTA gene expression was shown to be more abundant in roots and leaves than in other tissues according to tissue-specific expression patterns. This study can be used to learn more about the function of CAMTA family genes and the drought tolerance response mechanism in H. myrtifolia.
Compensatory Effect of the ScGrf3-2R Gene in Semi-Dwarf Spring Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)
Authors: Chernook Anastasiya G. , Bazhenov Mikhail S. , Kroupin Pavel Yu. , Ermolaev Aleksey S. , Kroupina Aleksandra Yu. , Vukovic Milena , Avdeev Sergey M. , Karlov Gennady I. , Divashuk Mikhail G.
Published: November 2022

The dwarfness in many triticale cultivars is provided by the dominant Ddw1 (Dominant dwarf 1) allele found in rye. However, along with conferring semi-dwarf phenotype to improve resistance to lodging, this gene also reduces grain size and weight and delays heading and flowering. Grf (Growth-regulating factors) genes are plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth, including stem growth, in terms of length and thickness, and leaf and fruit size. In this work, we partially sequenced the rye gene ScGrf3 on chromosome 2R homologous to the wheat Grf3 gene, and found multiple polymorphisms in intron 3 and exon 4 complying with two alternative alleles (haplotypes ScGrf3-2Ra and ScGrf3-2Rb). For the identification of these, we developed a codominant PCR marker. Using a new marker, we studied the effect of ScGrf3-2R alleles in combination with the Ddw1 dwarf gene on economically valuable traits in F4 and F5 recombinant lines of spring triticale from the hybrid combination Valentin 90 x Dublet, grown in the Non-Chernozem zone for 2 years. Allele ScGrf3-2Ra was associated with greater thousand-grain weight, higher spike productivity, and earlier heading and flowering, which makes ScGrf3-2R a perspective compensator for negative effects of Ddw1 on these traits and increases prospects for its involvement in breeding semi-dwarf cultivars of triticale.
Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids from Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Bosse (Amaryllidaceae): Isolation, Structural Elucidation, and Biological Activity
Authors: Šafratová Marcela , Křoustková Jana , Maafi Negar , Suchánková Daniela , Vrabec Rudolf , Chlebek Jakub , Kuneš Jiří , Opletal Lubomír , Bucar Franz , Cahlíková Lucie
Published: November 2022

Clivia miniata (Amaryllidaceae) is an herbaceous evergreen flowering plant that is endemic to South Africa and Swaziland and belongs to one of the top-10 traded medicinal plants in informal medicine markets in South Africa. The species has been reported as the most important component of a traditional healer’s pallet of healing plants. Eighteen known Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AAs) of various structural types, and one undescribed alkaloid of homolycorine-type, named clivimine B (3), were isolated from Clivia miniata. The chemical structures of the isolated alkaloids were elucidated by a combination of MS, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques and by comparison with literature data. Compounds isolated in a sufficient quantity, and not tested previously, were evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE; E.C. 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE; E.C. 3.1.1.8) inhibition activities.
Dyeing Non-Recyclable Polyethylene Plastic with Photoacid Phycocyanobilin from Spirulina Algae: Ultrafast Photoluminescence Studies
Authors: Alhefeiti Maryam , Chandra Falguni , Gupta Ravindra Kumar , Saleh Na’il
Published: November 2022

Despite the enormous environmental damage caused by plastic waste, it makes up over one-third of globally produced plastics. Polyethylene (PE) wastes have low recycling but high production rates. Towards the construction of ionic solar cells from PE, the present work describes the loading of a bioactive photoacid phycocyanobilin (PCB) dye from the pigment of Spirulina blue–green algae (as a natural resource) on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic film. Dyeing was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Upon excitation of the Soret-band (400 nm), the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of PCB in neat solvents revealed two prominent emission peaks at 450–550 and 600–700 nm. The first band assigned to bilirubin-like (PCBBR) species predominated the spectral profile in the highly rigid solvent glycerol and upon loading 0.45 % (w/w) of the dye on plastic. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of PCB for the second region (Q-band) at 672 nm in the same solvents confirmed the ground state heterogenicity previously associated with the presence of PCBA (neutral), PCBB (cationic), and PCBC (anionic) conformers. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements induced via excitation of all PCB species at 510 nm in methanol revealed three-lifetime components with τ1 = ~0.1 ns and τ2 = ~2 ns associated with PCBBR species and τ3 = ~5 ns pertinent to the long-living photoproduct X*. Decay-associated spectra (DAS) analysis of the photoluminescence transient spectra of the final dyed films in the solid-state confirmed the improved generation of the long-living photoproduct as manifested in a significant increase in the PL intensity (~100-fold) and lifetime value (~90 ns) in the Q-region upon loading 6.92 % (w/w) of the dye on plastic. The photoproduct species were presumably assigned to the deprotonated PCB species, suggesting improved ionic mobility. The potential implementation of the PCB-sensitized PE solid wastes for the fabrication of ionic solar cells is discussed.
All-Solid State Potentiometric Sensors for Desvenlafaxine Detection Using Biomimetic Imprinted Polymers as Recognition Receptors
Authors: Bajaber Majed A. , Kamel Ayman H.
Published: November 2022

Using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as an ion-to-electron transducer, a novel disposable all-solid-state desvenlafaxine-selective electrode based on a screen-printed carbon paste electrode was created. SWCNTs were put onto the carbon-paste electrode area, which was protected by a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane with a desvenlafaxine-imprinted polymer serving as a recognition receptor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometric techniques were used to examine the electrochemical characteristics of the SWCNTs/PVC coating on the carbon screen-printed electrode. The electrode displayed a 57.2 ± 0.8 mV/decade near-Nernstian slope with a 2.0 × 10−6 M detection limit. In 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6, the ODV-selective electrodes displayed a quick reaction (5 s) and outstanding stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. The usefulness of electrodes was demonstrated in samples of ODV-containing pharmaceutical products and human urine. These electrodes have the potential to be mass produced and employed as disposable sensors for on-site testing, since they are quick, practical, and inexpensive.
Syndiotactic Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)-Based Stereoregular Diblock Copolymers: Synthesis and Self-Assembly Studies
Authors: Sung Yu-Chuan , Huang Pei-Sun , Huang Shih-Hung , Chiang Yeo-Wan , Tsai Jing-Cherng
Published: November 2022

Syndiotactic poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (sP4M1P)-based stereoregular diblock copolymers, namely sP4M1P-b-polystyrene and sP4M1P-b-polymethylmethacrylate, were prepared from an α-bromoester-capped sP4M1P macroinitiator, which was chain extended with styrene and methyl methacrylate, respectively, via the atom transfer radical polymerization reaction. The α-bromoester-capped sP4M1P was generated by the esterification of hydroxyl-capped sP4M1P with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide. The hydroxyl-capped sP4M1P was synthesized by inducing a selective chain transfer reaction to aluminum during the syndiospecific polymerization of 4-methyl-1-pentene in the presence of a syndiospecific metallocene catalyst. As stereoregular diblock copolymers are difficult to prepare using existing methods, the current study offers an effective process for the preparation of sP4M1P-based stereoregular diblock copolymers. These copolymers were found to have well-defined architectures and they can undergo molecular self-assembly into ordered nanostructures, as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering analyses.
Reinforcement Effects of Shear Thickening Fluid over Mechanical Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Huang Chen-Hung , Chien Chih-Hua , Shiu Bing-Chiuan , Chen Yueh-Sheng , Lin Jia-Horng , Lou Ching-Wen
Published: November 2022

Conventional personal protective equipment is usually made in multilayer stacks, and appears clumsy and uncomfortable, offering limited protection. In recent years, a newly-developed nanosuspension, shear thickening fluids (STFs), has been commonly applied to buffer and shock absorption. In this study, nonwoven fabrics are impregnated with 30 wt%, 35 wt%, or 40 wt% STF in order to strengthen the interaction among fibers. The resultant STF composite nonwoven fabrics are observed for their morphology, and tested for their tensile strength, tearing strength, bursting strength, and dynamic impact resistance, thereby examining the damage resistance of the materials. The SEM images indicate that the fibers are adhered with a tremendous amount of silicon dioxide (SiO2) particulates with a rise in the STF concentration, due to which the smooth fibers become rough. Moreover, the mechanical test results indicate that a rise in the STF concentration improves the frictional force during the relative motion of fibers, which subsequently mechanically strengthens the STF composite nonwoven fabrics. The dynamic impact test results show that when the STF concentration increases from 30 wt% to 35 wt%, the materials exhibit dynamic impact strength that is significantly improved to 51.9%. Nonetheless, significant improvement in dynamic impact strength is absent when the STF concentration increases to 40 wt%. To sum up, a critical value of STF concentration has a positive influence over the mechanical strengths of STF composite nonwoven fabrics.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Novel Multilayer Bamboo Laminated Composites Derived from Bamboo Veneer
Authors: Li Xuelian , Zhang Weizhong , Lei Wencheng , Ji Yaohui , Zhang Zhenhua , Yin Yifan , Rao Fei
Published: November 2022

Compared with wood, bamboo has a special fiber gradient structure. Bamboo fibers have attracted attention as reinforced polymer composites. This study investigated the effects of lamination and fiber volume on the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo laminated composites (BLCs). Six types of BLC were derived by parallel and cross laminating bamboo veneers with high, middle, and low fiber volumes. The results indicated that the laminated structure and fiber volume significantly influenced the BLC properties. Microstructural analysis showed that parallel lamination and low fiber volume were more conducive to resin penetration and enhanced the bonding strength. Both the bending and tensile strengths of the cross lamination were lower than those of the parallel lamination. BLCs made of veneers with high and middle fiber volumes and parallel lamination had the maximum bending and tensile strengths (145.1 and 101.53 MPa, respectively). When tested for water resistance, parallel and cross lamination inhibited expansion in the thickness (TSR, 0.56–2.14%) and width (WSR, 0.07–1.61%) directions, respectively. Laminated structures and veneers with varying fiber volume contents should be chosen according to the specific application scenarios. This study provides a reference for selecting an appropriate BLC structure and fiber volume based on application.
Chitosan Nanoparticles as Bioactive Vehicles for Textile Dyeing: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Costa Eduardo M. , Silva Sara , Machado Manuela , Sousa Sérgio C. , Tavaria Freni K. , Pintado Manuela
Published: November 2022

In recent years bioactive textiles have risen to the forefront of consumers perception due to their potential protection against virus, fungi and bacteria. However, traditional textile staining is an eco-damaging process that and current methods of textile functionalization are expensive, complicated and with great environmental impact. With that in mind, this work sought to show a possible solution for this problematic through the usage of a novel one step textile dyeing and functionalization method based upon nanoencapsulated textile dyes (NTDs). To do so navy blue everzol NTDs were produced with chitosan, cotton dyed, characterized through FTIR and SEM and biological potential evaluated through biocompatibility screening and antimicrobial activity against skin pathogens. The data obtained showed that NTDs effectively dyed the target textile through a coating of the cotton fibre and that NTDs formed hydrogen bonds with the cellulose fibre via electrostatic interactions of the chitosan amino groups with cotton sulphate groups. From a biocompatibility perspective NTDs dyed cotton had no deleterious effects upon a skin cell line, as it promoted cellular metabolism of HaCat cells, while traditionally died cotton reduced it by 10%. Last but not least, NTDs dyed cotton showed significant antimicrobial activity as it reduced viable counts of MRSA, MSSA and A. baumannii between 1 and 2 log of CFU while traditional dyed cotton had no antimicrobial activity. Considering these results the novel method proposed shows is a viable and ecological alternative for the development of antimicrobial textiles with potential biomedical applications.
Effects of Rotational Speed on Joint Characteristics of Green Joining Technique of Dissimilar Polymeric Rods Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Kuo Chil-Chyuan , Chen Hong-Wei , Xu Jing-Yan , Lee Chong-Hao , Hunag Song-Hua
Published: November 2022

Friction welding (FW) FW of dissimilar polymer rods is capable of manufacturing green products swiftly and economically. In this study, a green manufacturing technique of joining dissimilar polymer rods was proposed, and the effects of rotational speed on the joint characteristics of friction-welded dissimilar polymer rods fabricated by the fused deposition modeling process were investigated experimentally. The shore surface hardness test, impact test, three-point bending test, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were carried out on the weld joints. The impact energy for FW of polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA, PLA and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), PLA and PLA filled with glass fiber (GF), PLA and PLA filled with carbon fiber (CF), PLA and polycarbonate (PC), and PLA and polyamide (PA) rods can be increased by approximately 1.5, 1.5, 1.3, 1.3, 2.1, and 1.5 times by increasing the rotational speed from 330 rpm to 1350 rpm. The bending strength for FW of PLA and PLA, PLA and ABS, PLA and PLA filled with GF, PLA and PLA filled with CF, PLA and PC, and PLA and PA rods can be increased by approximately 1.3, 1.7, 1.3, 1.2, 1.2, and 1.2 times by increasing the rotational speed from 330 rpm to 1350 rpm. However, the surface hardness of the weld bead is not proportional to the rotational speed. The average surface hardness of the weld bead was increased by approximately 5% compared to the surface hardness of the welding base materials.
Exploration of Super-Gravity Rapid Dissolution Method of Polymer for Offshore Oil Repellent
Authors: Shu Zheng , Qi Yong , Luo Pingya , Wang Tongwang
Published: November 2022

The long dissolution time and large dispensed volumes of oil repellent polymers in offshore oil fields lead to a great increase in the volume and number of dissolution and maturation tanks in the polymer formulation system. However, there is limited space and load-bearing capacity at the offshore platform and only a small space is available for the dispensing system. To further optimize the polymer dispensing system and reduce its floor space, the super-gravity technology may be considered as a way to speed up the dissolution of the polymer. The mechanism of super-gravity rapid dissolution was investigated by establishing mathematical models and with indoor experiments. The effects of filler pore size and super-gravity factor on polymer dissolution time and solution viscosity were investigated using the super-gravity rapid dissolution device, then combined with established graded forced stretching devices for field magnification experiments. The results indicated that the super-gravity method can substantially shorten the polymer dissolution time. The basic dissolution time of the polymer AP-P4 was shortened by 35 min compared with the conventional formulation method after use of the super-gravity rapid dissolution device. The optimal process conditions for the preparation of polymer solution by the super-gravity rapid dissolution device were selected as the optimal super-gravity factor range of 1031~1298.
Effect of Superabsorbent Polymers on the Self-Healing Properties of Pre-Damaged Concrete
Authors: Cheng Bingchuan , Li Xiuhao , Liu Yankai , Chen Mengjun , Du Sanlin
Published: November 2022

Cracks in concrete structures reduce bearing capacity, durability, and safety. This paper reveals the effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) on the self-healing property of pre-damaged concrete based on mechanical properties tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometer. The experimental results show that SAP reduces the mechanical properties of the SAP-modified concrete under the same W/C ratio, but a small amount of SAP can improve the later strength under the 0.35 W/C ratio. The addition of SAP increased the volume of small capillary pores (<20 μm) and large capillary pores (>100 μm) and significantly reduced the former with an increase in age. The SEM-EDS analysis indicates that the water released by SAP promotes the formation of C-S-H gel. AFt in the cracks is the main reason for self-healing, and the addition of CO2 to produce calcium carbonate is another one. Furthermore, this study finds that SAP-modified concrete has the best self-healing effect and the densest structure when the W/C ratio is 0.35 and the SAP content is 0.25%. The self-healing performance makes the SAP-modified concrete have broad application prospects.
Comparative Study on Snowflake Dendrite Solidification Modeling Using a Phase-Field Model and by Cellular Automaton
Authors: Dang Yi , Ai Jiali , Dai Jindong , Zhai Chi , Sun Wei
Published: November 2022

Dendrite is among the most frequently observed structures during the solidification process. Different dendrite morphologies caused by environmental conditions can affect the physical properties of materials. The formation of snowflakes can generate various morphologies under different conditions, and is used in this work as an example. Simulation technologies provide insight into the correlation between a resulting morphology and its impact parameter, including the phase-field method (PF) and cellular automaton (CA). The PF method is derived from thermodynamic functions and kinetic equations, while the CA model is established by interaction rules between subsystems. It is difficult to solve the PF method due to the coupled differential equations, wherein the actual physical parameters are included. The CA model is conceptually simple and computationally efficient; however, the physical meaning of the parameters is absent. In this work, an example of snowflake formation is considered by PF with all the impact factors defined first, and then parameters in CA are searched by iterations to approximate the result, i.e., latent heat and the anisotropic coefficient in the PF method correspond to the initial distribution and the environmental effect in the CA model. In addition, the discrete time of each iteration in the CA model is identified according to the dendritic growth speed of these two models. A systematic identification process for the CA parameters’ physical meaning is demonstrated by the comparison with the PF method, and an approximate simulation of the PF method can be obtained simply by the CA model. The combination of the PF method and the CA model can be used to investigate the influence of environmental factors on dendritic morphology.
Numerical Approach Regarding the Effect of the Flight Shape on the Performance of Rotary Dryers from Asphalt Plants
Authors: Burlacu Andrei , Petrescu Marius Gabriel , Dumitru Teodor , Niță Adrian , Tănase Maria , Laudacescu Eugen , Ramadan Ibrahim , Ilincă Costin
Published: November 2022

Thedistribution of aggregates in the cross-section of the drum, in the case of equipment used for the production of asphalt mixtures, essentially influences the performance of rotary dryers. In the research carried out in this article, the optimization of the distribution of particles in the active region of the drum was pursued by modifying the geometric shape of the flights, taking into account at the same time the influence of the technological parameters of operation such as drum rotation speed and drum filling degree. The studies were performed using the discrete element method (DEM), and the obtained results revealedthat flight geometry strongly influences drying efficiency. The efficiency of rectangular double-angled type flights is strongly influenced by the drum rotation speed, especially at high levels of filling degree (20%), with the mass of aggregates exposed to drying increasing by 41.11% when drum rotation speed increases from 10 rpm to 15 rpm. Similarly, hook-type flights show a minimum efficiency at 15% filling degree and 15 rpm. The comparative analysis of the flight shape is not only carried out in order to establish the variant that ensures maximum drying efficiency but also from the point of view of execution technology. (Original flights can be obtained by deep drawing, but they have a complex geometric configuration; cup flights can be obtained very easily from tubular material cut on the generators; hook flights by deep drawing or welding the cut tubular material on a straight plate, and the L type by deep drawing). Taking into account that semi-finished products can be very thick, it is possible that, in some cases, hot embossing is necessary, so making them out of tubular material eliminates these inconveniences. All the presented results highlight that the rectangular, double-angled and hook-type flights are the most appropriate shapes that can be used regardless of the drum filling degree and rotation speed.
Data-Driven Analysis Exploring the Development of Empathy in an Iranian Context
Authors: Yaghoubi Jami Parvaneh , Han Hyemin
Published: November 2022

In the present study, we explored the best regression models that explain the developmental path of dispositional empathy among Iranian participants using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). BMA, a data-driven analysis method, was employed to identify the most likely candidate regression models given the collected data. We reported the best regression model for each dependent variable and different components of applied questionnaires by evaluating and comparing multiple model fit indicators—Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, adjusted R2, Bayes Factor model, and leave-one-out cross-validation root-mean-square error—among candidate regression models identified by BMA. We discussed the theoretical implications of the findings regarding factors associated with empathy development and the methodological implications of using data-driven analysis in the field.
Development of the PRISM Risk Assessment Method Based on a Multiple AHP-TOPSIS Approach
Authors: Bognár Ferenc , Szentes Balázs , Benedek Petra
Published: November 2022

The PRISM method is a risk assessment approach that focuses on hidden-risk identification and ranking. The combined AHP-PRISM method was created for strategic assessments based on pairwise comparisons. The PRISM and AHP-PRISM methods have remarkable visual decision support and control functions that make them useful in practical problem solving. However, the methods can be successfully applied with the same factor weights. To eliminate this significant disadvantage and enable an in-depth analysis of the alternatives based on the ideal best and ideal worst solutions, AHP-PRISM was integrated with TOPSIS in this study. As a result, the novel AHP-TOPSIS-based PRISM method can be configured more extensively for practical decision-making problems than the previous PRISM approaches. In addition, the novel method supports the ideal best and worst analysis of the alternatives without losing its ability to focus on identifying hidden risk. The method was tested on data related to strategic incident groups of incoming logistics business processes at a nuclear power plant.
Total Phosphorus and Nitrogen Dynamics and Influencing Factors in Dongting Lake Using Landsat Data
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Jin Shuanggen , Wang Ning , Zhao Jiarui , Guo Hongwei , Pellikka Petri
Published: November 2022

Total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) reflect the state of eutrophication. However, traditional point-based water quality monitoring methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and insufficient to estimate and assess water quality at a large scale. In this paper, we constructed machine learning models for TP and TN inversion using measured data and satellite imagery band reflectance, and verified it by in situ data. Atmospheric correction was performed on the Landsat Top of Atmosphere (TOP) data by removing the effect of the adjacency effect and correcting differences between Landsat sensors. Then, using the established model, the TP and TN patterns in Dongting Lake with a spatial resolution of 30 m from 1996 to 2021 were derived for the first time. The annual and monthly spatio-temporal variation characteristics of TP and TN in Dongting Lake were investigated in details, and the influences of hydrometeorological elements on water quality variations were analyzed. The results show that the established empirical model can accurately estimate TP with coefficient (R2) ≥ 0.70, root mean square error (RMSE) ≤ 0.057 mg/L, mean relative error (MRE) ≤ 0.23 and TN with R2 ≥ 0.73, RMSE ≤ 0.48 mg/L and MRE ≤ 0.20. From 1996 to 2021, TP in Dongting Lake showed a downward trend and TN showed an upward trend, while the summer value was much higher than the other seasons. Furthermore, the influencing factors on TP and TN variations were investigated and discussed. Between 1996 and 2003, the main contributors to the change of water quality in Dongting Lake were external inputs such as water level and flow. The significant changes in water quantity and sediment characteristics following the operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in 2003 also had an impact on the water quality in Dongting Lake.