bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological and locomotor variations of 3v3 and 5v5 small-sided games soccer formats: A 4-month study on sedentary young adults
Authors: Xu Qi , Silva Rui Miguel , Qi Kai , Ma Dong , Li TingYu , Clemente Filipe Manuel
Published: January 2024

The objectives of this study were twofold: (a) to analyze the variability of 3v3 and 5v5 small-sided games (SSG) formats in sedentary young adults, and (b) to compare the physiological and locomotor demands of 3v3 and 5v5 SSG formats while considering variations based on sex. The study followed a longitudinal design over 4 months. Thirty sedentary young adults with a mean age of 20.2 ± 1.0 years, height of 1.67 ± 0.06 m, and body mass of 86.3 ± 11.8 kg were included in the study. The participants engaged in 3v3 and 5v5 SSG formats, with each format being played 10 times per month. During each session, heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and total distance were measured and analyzed. The within-player variability for HR ranged from a minimum of 1.6% to a maximum of 2.8% (considering the levels at each month), while the between-players variability for HR ranged from a minimum of 1.4% to a maximum of 2.6% (considering the levels at each month). Similar variability patterns were observed for the other outcomes. In terms of comparisons between the formats, the 3v3 format resulted in higher RPE than the 5v5 format for both male ( p = 0.006) and female ( p = 0.628) participants, as well as for the other outcome measures. In summary, these findings highlight the reproducibility of physiological responses in 3v3 and 5v5 SSG among sedentary individuals. Notably, the 3v3 format consistently induced higher RPE levels. These findings underscore the importance of programming SSG based on sex and format preferences for optimizing exercise outcomes in sedentary.
Basal lamina: A novel pH regulator at the neuromuscular junction
Authors: Durbin Ryan , Renden Robert
Published: January 2024

Proton concentration can change within the cleft during synaptic activity due to vesicular release and Ca2+ extrusion from cellular compartments. These changes within the synaptic cleft can impact neural activity by proton-dependent modulation of ion channel function. The pH transient differs in magnitude and direction between synapses, requiring different synapse types to be measured to generate a complete understanding of this mechanism and its impacts on physiology. With a focus on the mouse neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the recently published “Postsynaptic Calcium Extrusion at the Mouse Neuromuscular Junction Alkalinizes the Synaptic Cleft” measured synaptic cleft pH at a cholinergic synapse and found a biphasic pH transient. The study demonstrated that the changes in proton concentration found were due to postsynaptic signaling when measuring pH at the muscle membrane, despite the expectation of a presynaptic contribution. This result suggests a diffusional barrier within the NMJ isolates pH transients to presynaptic versus postsynaptic compartments. Generating a Donnan equilibrium that impacts protons, evidence suggests the basal lamina may be a key regulator of pH at the NMJ. Exploring synaptic pH, proton regulating factors, and downstream pH transient effects at presynaptic versus postsynaptic membranes may lead to new insight for a variety of diseases.
The Liturgical Movement in Context of Secularization: Late Modern Developments
Authors: Rosenius Marie
Published: January 2024

The article highlights secular influences in contemporary understandings of liturgical participation by exploring the relationship between visions of the early modern liturgical movement and contemporary ways of understanding participation in the Church of Sweden. The constructs opine, understand, and do are used in the comparison as are the concepts participatio plena, participatio conscia, and participatio actuosa in Sacrosanctum Concilium. An overall reflection based on the analysis is that secular ideologies and trends not only influence liturgical form but tend to erode theological language itself. Religious individualism, combined with “internal ecclesial secularization,” tends to imbue the very understanding of church and of liturgy. A new phase in the liturgical movement called the “late modern liturgical movement” is discussed. The church appears here as the “church of the individual” and the liturgy in the sense of ordo is seen as an “open” order and framework, rather than as juxtaposition and sacramental event.
Higher Frequency of Healthcare Professionals is Associated With a Low Incidence of COVID-19-Related Death
Authors: Guha Soumya Kanti , Niyogi Sougata
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 200 countries with varying levels of infection and mortality rates. To understand the impact of healthcare resources and cultural factors, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 76 countries. The study used K-means clustering to identify 2 distinct clusters and performed a Welch’s test to compare different parameters. The countries were then plotted on the Inglehart-Welzel global cultural map. By incorporating this framework, researchers can systematically scrutinize the intricate interplay of cultural factors. This will provide valuable context for understanding individuals’ behaviors, preferences, and decision-making as they pertain to the challenges posed by COVID-19 and its mitigation strategies. The results showed that countries with higher levels of healthcare professionals had a lower death rate, even with a relatively high rate of infection. These countries also had higher levels of individual self-expression. The study highlights the importance of adhering to recommended protocols, as neglect can result from a lack of self-expression, leading to an increase in the spread of communicable diseases. It also emphasizes crucial role of healthcare professionals in managing crisis related to the pandemic.
Philip O’Flaherty and the Irish roots of Uganda’s Protestantism
Authors: Teketwe Kimeze
Published: January 2024

Despite exiting history only a few years after his death, Philip O’Flaherty, the Irish missionary sent to Uganda by the Church Missionary Society (CMS) in 1880, planted Uganda’s Protestantism and, with others, established the foundation that its present success can be understood. Upon arriving on March 18, 1881, he renewed the enthusiasm of a mission station struggling to find its footing in the East African country by conceptualizing a long-term vision for the mission and ensuring it was implemented. According to the historian J.A. Rowe, O’Flaherty possessed just those qualities of tact and savoir-faire that his colleagues lacked, making him a perfect fit for the mission field in Uganda. Among others, he performed the landmark first Protestant baptism in 1882, which had been five years in waiting. He was also a key member in forming the first church councils (one for men and another for women) whose membership included only Ugandans, a move that indigenized the church’s leadership for the first time.
A Meta-Analysis of Treatment for Self-Injurious Behavior in Children and Adolescents With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Moore Timothy R. , Lee Seunghee , Freeman Rachel , Mahmoundi Maryam , Dimian Adele , Riegelman Amy , Simacek Jessica J.
Published: January 2024

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) among children and youth with developmental disabilities has not diminished in prevalence despite the availability of effective interventions, and the impact on quality of life for people and their families is devastating. The current meta-analysis reviews SIB intervention research between 2011 and 2021 using single-case experimental designs with children and youth up to 21 years old and provides a quantitative synthesis of data from high-quality studies including moderator analyses to determine effects of participant and study characteristics on intervention outcomes. Encouraging findings include a high level of effectiveness across studies in the decrease of SIB (Tau- U = −0.90) and increase of positive behavior (Tau- U = 0.73), as well as an increase in studies (relative to prior reviews) reporting intervention fidelity, generalization, maintenance, and social validity. However, our findings shed limited light on potential moderating variables in the development of interventions for children and youth who exhibit SIB. Of the potential moderators of intervention effects, only implementer (researcher/therapist vs. parent/caregiver) and setting (clinic vs. home) were significantly associated with improved outcomes. We discuss the need for more robust involvement of natural communities of implementers in SIB intervention research to better equip them to effectively and sustainably meet the needs of people they care for. We also discuss the importance of creating systems enabling broad access for children with SIB to effective interventions in service of reducing burden for people, families, and society over time.
Push-Through Myringoplasty Versus External Auditory Canal Flap Tympanoplasty for Chronic Marginal Perforations
Authors: Sun Junzhi , Lou Zihan , Lou Zhengcai , Chen Zhengnong
Published: January 2024

Objective:

We compared the operation times, graft success rates, and hearing gains between push-through (PT) myringoplasty and external auditory canal (EAC) flap tympanoplasty in patients with chronic marginal perforations.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 77 patients with chronic marginal perforations were randomly allocated to endoscopic perichondrium-cartilage myringoplasty with raising of the EAC flaps (n = 39) and PT technique (n = 38) groups. The graft outcomes, mean operation times, and postoperative complications were compared 6 months after operation.

Results:

The graft success rate was 97.4% (38/39) in the EAC group and 81.6% (31/38) in the PT group; the difference was significant ( P = .056). The mean operation time was 40.7 ± 10.4 min in the EAC group and 42.4 ± 8.3 min in the PT group ( P = .741). In the EAC group, the mean pre- and postoperative air-bone gap (ABG)s were 29.3 (range: 28.4 ± 8.6) and 12.1 (range: 11.8 ± 2.4) dB ( P < .01), respectively; the respective values were 29.5 (range: 29.1 ± 5.4) and 12.6 (range: 12.0 ± 1.3) dB ( P < .01) in the PT group. No significant group difference was observed in the pre- ( P = .794) or postoperative ( P = .689) ABG values or mean ABG gain (16.7 ± 5.3 vs 17.1 ± 7.7 dB; P = .526). In addition, graft medialization occurred in 7.9% patients in the PT group. However, graft lateralization, significant blunting, deteriorative sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, or tinnitus were not encountered in either group. No taste change was reported and no inclusion cholesteatoma was seen in the EAC group.

Conclusion:

Endoscopic perichondrium-cartilage myringoplasty with raising of an EAC flap is useful and minimally invasive to repair chronic marginal perforations; the technique is simple, has a high graft success rate in comparison to the PT technique.
A Model Combining Conventional Ultrasound Characteristics, Strain Elastography and Clinicopathological Features to Predict Ki-67 Expression in Small Breast Cancer
Authors: Xing Xuesha , Miao Huanhuan , Wang Hong , Sun Jiawei , Wu Chengwei , Wang Yichun , Zhou Xianli , Wang Hongbo
Published: January 2024

To establish a predictive model incorporating conventional ultrasound, strain elastography and clinicopathological features for Ki-67 expression in small breast cancer (SBC) which defined as maximum diameter less than2 cm. In this retrospective study, 165 SBC patients from our hospital were allocated to a high Ki-67 group ( n = 104) and a low Ki-67 group ( n = 61). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent indicators for developing predictive models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve was also determined to establish the diagnostic performance of different predictive models. The corresponding sensitivities and specificities of different models at the cutoff value were compared. Conventional ultrasound parameters (spiculated margin, absence of posterior shadowing and Adler grade 2–3), strain elastic scores and clinicopathological information (HER2 positive) were significantly correlated with high expression of Ki-67 in SBC (all p < .05). Model 2, which incorporated conventional ultrasound features and strain elastic scores, yielded good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.774) with better sensitivity than model 1, which only incorporated ultrasound characteristics (78.85%vs. 55.77%, p = .000), with specificities of 77.05% and 62.30% ( p = .035), respectively. Model 3, which incorporated conventional ultrasound, strain elastography and clinicopathological features, yielded better performance (AUC = 0.853) than model 1 (AUC = 0.694) and model 2 (AUC = 0.774), and the specificity was higher than model 1 (86.89% vs. 77.05%, p = .001). The predictive model combining conventional ultrasound, strain elastic scores and clinicopathological features could improve the predictive performance of Ki-67 expression in SBC.
Technology Integration Among Special Education Certified Co-Teachers in the Inclusion Classroom
Authors: Nieves Licwinko Kathryn
Published: January 2024

This study explored the technology integration attitudes and perspectives of special education co-teachers within the United States. The sample consisted of 300 special education co-teachers working in the inclusion classroom in grades pre-kindergarten through 12th grade throughout the country. In the quantitative phase, participants completed a three-part survey about their technology integration attitudes within their co-taught classroom, as well as their practices in integrating specific technology tools. For the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight of the outlier co-teachers about their lived experiences with technology as a co-teacher. The pairing of the quantitative and qualitative data collected led to three conclusions about special education co-teachers, including that they (a) are seeking additional learning opportunities about technology, (b) plan asynchronously using collaborative technology tools with their partners, and (c) tend to focus on pedagogy within technology integration.
Reducing Islamophobia through Conversation: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Benier Kathryn , Faulkner Nicholas , Ladegaard Isak , Wickes Rebecca
Published: January 2024

Islamophobia is a global problem that has reached epidemic proportions according to recent government reports and international research. In this preregistered, randomized control study, conducted in a field setting in Australia ( N = 227), we investigated whether Islamophobia—negative and hostile attitudes toward Islam and Muslim people—was reduced by a short door-to-door canvassing intervention. Our study involved participants who had expressed negative or ambivalent attitudes toward Muslim residents in a previous survey. These participants were randomly assigned to receive either no treatment or a 15-minute door-knocking conversation that encouraged empathy building through (1) active processing of new information and (2) perspective taking through personal reflections on past experiences of exclusion. Follow-up surveys suggest that, compared with a baseline survey completed before the intervention, prejudice was significantly reduced in the treatment group 6 and 12 weeks later.
The Experience of Work–Family Conflict: Does Being the Only Child Matter?
Authors: Chen Shujie , Cheng Mei-I
Published: January 2024

A lack of resistance resources in the family, such as a lack of sibling support, might cause the family to be more prone to family crises; however, little if anything is known about whether being the only child will influence the experience of work–family conflict (a family crisis). Using an online questionnaire sample of 622 Chinese employees, we investigated the influence of only child status on work–family conflict and further explored the moderating effect of only child status on the relationship between work–family conflict and its performance outcomes. Analyses revealed that being the only child would spend less time on family responsibilities, thereby decreasing the level of family-to-work conflict; in addition, being the only child would ease the negative impact of work-to-family conflict on family performance. The recommendations for future studies, implications of this study, and the need for further research on only child’s work–family conflict experience are discussed.
Short-run Labor Market Integration of Venezuelan Immigrants to Peru
Authors: Torres Javier , Galarza Arellano Francisco B.
Published: January 2024

We study the negative wage premium Venezuelan immigrants face in the Peruvian labor market, the second largest receiving country of Venezuelan migrants. Consistent with an imperfect transfer of skills, we find that the higher the education level, the larger the negative wage premium. Also, as in south-to-north migration processes, foreign work experience has a negligible value in the host country. We find evidence that immigrants with a valid work permit tend to earn more per week than immigrants who do not. Though our analysis focuses on Venezuelans’ short-run assimilation, we find initial evidence that the longer the immigrants stay, the smaller the negative premium to their education.
Ready for the next step: Novel commitment amplification in romantic relationships
Authors: Cope Morgan A. , Reinka Mora A. , Mattingly Brent A.
Published: January 2024

Ample research examines the importance of one’s commitment level to their romantic relationship; however, individuals’ desire for progressive levels of commitment has received less attention in the literature. In the current studies, we introduce the novel concept of commitment amplification (i.e., the desire to become more committed in one’s romantic relationship) by developing and validating a new scale (the Commitment Amplification Scale). Additionally, we investigate the conceptual uniqueness of commitment amplification and examine associations with relationship-oriented thoughts (Study 1 and 2) and behaviors (Study 3). Results support the establishment of commitment amplification as a distinct and predictive construct. Furthermore, commitment amplification predicts relationship constructs above and beyond existing measures of commitment and commitment readiness.
Effect of process parameters on the densification of SLM-produced Mg–Y–Sm–Zn–Zr alloy
Authors: Zhao Di , Wang Wenli , Wang Kongkong , Xu Rongrong , Li Haoyang , Dong Guowen
Published: January 2024

In this study, Mg–Y–Sm–Zn–Zr samples were prepared using the selective laser melting technique. The influence of process parameters on the densification and mechanical properties of samples was systematically studied from a single-melt track to double melt tracks to block, and the formation mechanism of defects was analysed. Research results show that the appropriate laser power and scanning speed resulted in excellent single-melt path formability. When the scanning spacing was 80 μm, adjacent trajectories were closely connected without spheroidised particles and porosity defects. The densest samples were obtained at an energy density of 125 J/mm3 with maximum microhardness (86.8 ± 1.5 HV), and the compressive yield strength and ultimate strength reached 301.8 ± 5 MPa and 467.9 ± 5 MPa.
Evaluation of usability, adherence, and clinical efficacy of therapeutic footwear in persons with diabetes at moderate to high risk of diabetic foot ulcers: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: López-Moral Mateo , Molines-Barroso Raúl J , Altonaga-Calvo Borja J , Carrascosa-Romero Elena , Cecilia-Matilla Almudena , Dòria-Cervós Montserrat , García-Martínez María T , Ortiz-Nistal Adrian , Palma-Bravo Anabel , Pereira-Losada Navor , Rivera-San Martin Gabriel , Samaniego-Muñoz Jordi , Villares-Tobajas Marcos , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis
Published: January 2024

Objective

To evaluate therapeutic footwear expectations and usability of individuals with diabetes and foot complications.

Design

A prospective multicenter study was conducted on participants with a high risk of developing a diabetic foot ulcer.

Setting

Participants were enrolled in 11 different specialized diabetic foot units in Spain between March 2022 and June 2023.

Subjects

Patients with diabetes at moderate to high risk of foot ulceration receiving first therapeutic footwear prescription.

Interventions

All the patients included in the research were prescribed with their first pair of therapeutic footwear.

Main measures

Primary outcome measures were MOS-pre and MOS-post questionnaires evaluating use and usability of prescribed therapeutic footwear. Secondary outcome measures aimed to evaluate footwear clinical efficacy as ulceration rate and self-reported perceived walking distance per day.

Results

The use of therapeutic footwear exceeded the patient's pre-provision prediction of their anticipated use in 94% of people ( n = 126). Based on the visual analogic satisfaction scale, the median satisfaction of daily wearing their therapeutic footwear was 7 points, Interquartile Range (IQR) [5–8.25]. During the follow-up period, 39 participants (29.1%) experienced diabetic foot ulcer. Perceived walking distance participants reported an improvement in their perceived walking ability during various daily life activities.

Conclusions

Diabetes patients at moderate to high risk of diabetic foot ulcer improved their perception of walking ability after therapeutic footwear prescription. Adherence to the therapeutic footwear prescription resulted in less ulcerations.
Embedding the UN SDGs into a Marketing Elective on Base-of-the-Pyramid Markets: An Experiential Learning Approach
Authors: Satyam  , Aithal Rajesh K.
Published: January 2024

The role and importance of sustainability are increasing multi-fold, and responsible organizations across the globe are aligning with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Integrating the UN SDGs into marketing education, especially curriculum, has received scant attention in the marketing education literature, even though 880 business schools have become Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) signatories. This exploratory study attempts to address the gap. It describes an instructor’s attempt to integrate two SDGs, 8 and 12, into a marketing elective course, BoP & Rural Markets, using an experiential rural market project. The students were asked to use the lens of SDG 8 and 12 to understand the rural marketplace and its stakeholders during their field visit. This article describes the rural market project, spread across four experiential learning stages, and assesses its impact on sensitizing the students about SDGs. The whole experience, with its challenges and potential areas for improvement, is shared, and some lessons for marketing educators are identified. Finally, this article highlights some limitations of the approach and pinpoints directions for future work. In sum, this experiential project, a unique pedagogical intervention, helped increase the participants’ awareness and encouraged them to come up with possible recommendations for the issues around the two SDGs.
A multicenter study of cervical cancer using quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Wang Xue , Ye Zhijun , Li Shujian , Yan Zhihan , Cheng Jingliang , Ning Gang , Hou Zujun
Published: January 2024

Background

Parameters from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been increasingly used as imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment responses in cancer. The consistency of DWI measurements across different centers remains uncertain, which limits the widespread use of quantitative DWI in clinical settings.

Purpose

To investigate the consistency of quantitative metrics derived from DWI between different scanners in a multicenter clinical setting.

Material and Methods

A total of 193 patients with cervical cancer from four scanners (MRI1, MRI2, MRI3, and MRI4) at three centers were included in this retrospective study. DWI data were processed using the mono-exponential and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model, yielding the following parameters: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC); true diffusion coefficient (D); pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*); perfusion fraction (f); and the product of f and D* (fD*). Various parameters of cervical cancer obtained from different scanners were compared.

Results

The parameters D and ADC derived from MRI1 and MRI2 were significantly different from those derived from MRI3 or MRI4 ( P <0.01 for all comparisons). However, there was no significant difference in cervical cancer perfusion parameters (D* and fD*) between the different scanners ( P >0.05). The P values of comparisons of all DWI parameters (D, D*, fD*, and ADC) between MRI3 and MRI4 (same vendor in different centers) for cervical cancer were all >0.05, except for f ( P = 0.05).

Conclusion

Scanners of the same model by the same vendor can yield close measurements of the ADC and IVIM parameters. The perfusion parameters showed higher consistency among the different scanners.
Pancreatic cysts: can surveillance interval for small low-risk lesions be lengthened?
Authors: Chong Jingli , Wee Nicole Kessa , Tan Cher Heng , Low Hsien Min , Chew Wei Da , Vu Charles Kien Fong , Lee Chau Hung
Published: January 2024

Background

Surveillance of pancreatic cysts are necessary due to risk of malignant transformation. However, reported progression rates to advanced neoplasia are variable and the high frequency of surveillance scans may pose a considerable burden on healthcare resources.

Purpose

To validate the effectiveness of the Fukuoka Guidelines surveillance regime and determine if a longer surveillance interval can be established.

Material and Methods

All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the pancreas performed at our institution between January 2014 and December 2016 with at least one pancreatic cystic lesion and follow-up MRI or computed tomography (CT) over at least two years were reviewed for size, worrisome feature (WF), and high-risk stigmata (HRS) at diagnosis and follow-up imaging (up to year 6). Reference standards for advanced neoplasia were based on endoscopic ultrasound, fine needle aspiration cytology, or the presence of ≥2 WF or ≥1 HRS on imaging. Comparison of MRI features of progression and outcomes of diagnostic endpoints between lesions <20 mm and ≥20 mm was performed.

Results

A total of 270 patients were included (201 cysts <20 mm, 69 cysts ≥20 mm). Compared with cysts <20 mm, cysts ≥20 mm were more likely to be associated with WF or HRS (40.6% vs. 12.4%; P ≤0.00001), demonstrate increase in size of ≥5 mm in two years (20.3% vs. 10.9%; P = 0.049), and develop advanced neoplasia (24.6% vs. 0.5%; P <0.00001).

Conclusion

Pancreatic cysts <20 mm have a low risk of developing WF and HRS and surveillance interval may be lengthened.
Intraoperative radiographic analysis and adjustment of the optimal position of plate in high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Zou Zihao , Wu Zhanyu , Yuan Daizhu , Xu Shunen , Yang Long , Ye Chuan
Published: January 2024

Background

When high tibial osteotomy is performed for genu varus deformity, it is not easy to determine the accurate placement of the plate.

Purpose

To determine a simple way to assess the position of the plate, to provide more effective mechanical support and to reduce the risk of implant rupture and vascular injury.

Material and Methods

Two human anatomical marks, the patellar ligament and semimembranosus, were connected and divided into four parts to identify points Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ. These points determined the areas for Tomofix placement: anterior, anterolateral, and lateral. Simulated internal fixation placed hole B of Tomofix at points Ⅰ (anterior), Ⅱ (anterolateral), and Ⅲ (lateral). We analyzed the pointing direction of the locking screws in Tomofix holes on MRI to assess potential injury risk to the popliteal neurovascular bundle.

Results

In the X-ray: holes B and C appeared as the plate in the anterior, only hole C appeared as the plate in the anterolateral, and none of the holes appeared as the plate in the lateral. In the general view of the sawbones, the screw pointed towards the popliteal neurovascular bundle when the plate was in the anterior.

Conclusion

If a small number of holes on the plate is visible under fluoroscopy, then several lateral positions of the plate can be obtained; the direction of the screw tunnel tends to deviate from the popliteal neurovascular bundle with the posterior position of the plate.
Humanization with CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells in NOG-EXL mice results in improved long-term survival and less severe myeloid cell hyperactivation phenotype relative to NSG-SGM3 mice
Authors: Willis Elinor , Verrelle Jillian , Banerjee Esha , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Tarrant James C. , Skuli Nicholas , Jacobson Moriah L. , O’Rouke Donald M. , Binder Zev A. , Radaelli Enrico
Published: January 2024

NSG-SGM3 and NOG-EXL mice combine severe immunodeficiency with transgenic expression of human myeloid stimulatory cytokines, resulting in marked expansion of myeloid populations upon humanization with CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Humanized NSG-SGM3 mice typically develop a lethal macrophage activation syndrome and mast cell hyperplasia that limit their use in long-term studies (e.g., humanization followed by tumor xenotransplantation). It is currently unclear to what extent humanized NOG-EXL mice suffer from the same condition observed in humanized NSG-SGM3 mice. We compared the effects of human CD34+ HSC engraftment in these two strains in an orthotopic patient-derived glioblastoma model. NSG-SGM3 mice humanized in-house were compared to NOG-EXL mice humanized in-house and commercially available humanized NOG-EXL mice. Mice were euthanized at humane or study endpoints, and complete pathological assessments were performed. A semiquantitative multiparametric clinicopathological scoring system was developed to characterize chimeric myeloid cell hyperactivation (MCH) syndrome. NSG-SGM3 mice were euthanized at 16 weeks after humanization because of severe deterioration of clinical conditions. Humanized NOG-EXL mice survived to the study endpoint at 22 weeks after humanization and showed less-severe MCH phenotypes than NSG-SGM3 mice. Major differences included the lack of mast cell expansion and limited tissue/organ involvement in NOG-EXL mice compared to NSG-SGM3 mice. Engraftment of human lymphocytes, assessed by immunohistochemistry, was similar in the two strains. The longer survival and decreased MCH phenotype severity in NOG-EXL mice enabled their use in a tumor xenotransplantation study. The NOG-EXL model is better suited than the NSG-SGM3 model for immuno-oncology studies requiring long-term survival after humanization.
Towards a STEAM model for digital fluency skills: Perceptions of students and teachers
Authors: Encheva Marina , Tammaro Anna Maria , Yancheva Gergana , Zlatkova Plamena , Conti Giulia , Maasilta Mari
Published: January 2024

Transliteration involves skills, critical thinking and practices based on digital fluency in a changing context. This concept is based on the inquiry process of scientific research, but is currently not integrated into the STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics) approach. In the first phase of the ‘TLIT4U – Improving Transliteracy Skills through Serious Games’ project, an attempt was made to clarify the STEAM framework towards an inquiry-based training model. The authors, belonging to different universities in Bulgaria, Finland and Italy, investigated the perception of the concept of digital fluency and the research-process awareness of students with different disciplinary backgrounds at their respective universities. Subsequently, the authors organized interviews and focus groups with teachers, librarians and scholars at partner universities to investigate their perceptions of transliteracy. The main findings and open questions highlighted by the TLIT4U comparative study are presented in this article.
The hepatotoxicity of γ-radiation synthesized 5-fluorouracil nanogel versus 5-fluorouracil in rats model
Authors: Barakat Wael EM , Moawed Fatma SM , Ahmed Esraa SA , Abo-Zaid Omayma AR
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The clinical use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a routinely used chemotherapy medication, has a deleterious impact on the liver. Therefore, it is necessary to find a less harmful alternative to minimize liver damage. This study was designed to see how 5-fluorouracil nanogel influenced 5-FU-induced liver damage in rats. Methods: To induce liver damage, male albino rats were injected intraperitoneally with 5-FU (12.5 mg/kg) three doses/week for 1 month. The histopathological examination together with measuring the activities of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes (ALT and AST) were used to evaluate the severity of liver damage besides, hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were also measured. The hepatic gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1(Keap-1) in addition to hepatic inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) and interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6) were detected. Results: 5-Fu nanogel effectively attenuated 5-FU-induced liver injury by improving the hepatic structure and function (ALT and AST) besides the suppression of the hepatic inflammatory mediators (TNF- α, IL-1β and IL-6). Additionally, 5-FU nanogel alleviated the impaired redox status and restored the antioxidant system via maintaining the cellular homeostasis Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Conclusion: Consequently, 5-Fu nanogel exhibited lower liver toxicity compared to 5-FU, likely due to the alleviation of hepatic inflammation and the regulation of the cellular redox pathway.
The sexual abuse of boys and men. The erasing matrix: The social unconscious, betrayal and turning a blind eye
Authors: Stevenson Stuart
Published: January 2024

The aim of this article is to contextualize, and add, some theoretical and practical scaffolding to our work with men and boys who have suffered from various forms of sexual abuse. This article introduces the concept of the ‘erasing matrix’ in terms of an anti-group relational system and shows how the perverse group dynamics at its core facilitate sexual trauma in terms of selection, grooming and sexual destruction of victims. I describe via case vignettes the presentation of such men and boys who have been affected by sexual trauma. I consider the complex issue of the specific trauma of the sexual abuse of men and boys including those from marginalized communities, many of whom have been very cruelly traumatized and betrayed by institutions in the context of family breakdown, structural oppression and community rejection. I argue that sexual abuse and specifically the abuse of men and boys occurs within powerful social systemic contexts and phenomena that include toxic masculinity and homophobia. I will demonstrate how a group analytic and psychodynamic lens can help clinicians to develop an understanding of the concepts of betrayal, erasure and turning a blind eye as central components of the erasing matrix. This will, I hope, be useful for clinicians engaging with men and boys who have experienced sexual abuse trauma. I will also consider the issue of invisibility, denial and toxic masculinity as significant variables that drive the perverse core of the erasing matrix in the sexual abuse of men and boys. I consider the essential role of the clinician as we carefully enter the deadly orbit of this erasing matrix. The task is to establish a clinical framework and the necessary environmental essentials for our practice within this very complex and painful area of our work.
Spatial Competition and Unevenness in Global Capitalism: Labor, Nature, and the Seesaw of Capital
Authors: Ortiz Roberto J.
Published: January 2024

Critical studies of globalization seek to unmask how this stage of capitalist history reshapes patterns of uneven development around the world. While globalization can reproduce long-standing patterns of North–South unequal exchange, in this paper, I focus on how capital mobility and competition contribute to uneven development. Drawing primarily on Neil Smith’s theory of uneven development, I offer a theoretical discussion of how capital’s capacity to seesaw from place to place in its search for higher profits—and the spatial competition between places that this capacity triggers—constitutes a source of unevenness. Regions, nations, and localities adapt to capital’s seesaw by offering, among others, cheaper labor and lower environmental regulation costs. While this can work for a time, advantages are either eroded by the unfolding contradictions of capitalism or competed away by the emergence of new areas. In the last section, I offer a tentative illustration of this argument with a brief examination of pollution havens and Special Economic Zones.
“He understands how I work and how I function”: Math teacher actions that promote autonomy among students with LDs and/or EBDs
Authors: Louick Rebecca , Emery Alyssa
Published: January 2024

Guided by Self-Determination Theory, we conducted a case study of a high school math teacher nominated by students with disabilities as one who enhanced their learning. Using a combination of interviews and classroom observations, we explored the specific strategies that the teacher used to promote perceived autonomy among students with learning disabilities (LDs) and emotional-behavioral disorders (EBDs). The literature offers extensive evidence for the benefits of autonomy-supportive teacher practice, but much of the work was conducted without explicit inclusion of students with LDs and/or EBDs. Our analyses demonstrated that many of the practices captured in this research also worked to support the psychological needs of students with LDs and/or EBDs who participated in this study. Additionally, our case study teacher engaged in two additional strategies that are not currently represented in that body of evidence. As such, we discuss implications for practice and future directions for research.
Using J-integral analysis to predict the failure of HDPE pipes under crack face load and internal pressure
Authors: Gaidi Laouni , Ouldyerou Abdelhak , Aminallah Laid , Merdji Ali , Roy Sandipan , Houari Mohammed Sid Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Cracks in pipes used for water transfer have been identified as a significant contributor to water loss and potential failures. To assess fracture behavior, the J-integral was computed for 3D finite element HDPE pipes (DN 355) with axial internal and external cracks (with a/ c and a/ t ratios of 0.5) subjected to a range of internal pressure (16–30 bar) and crack face load condition. Four ratios of a/ c ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 (with an increment of 0.2) were examined with the internal crack. Results indicate that under face crack loading, the external axial crack exhibits a higher J-integral intensity than the internal axial crack. J-integral values greater than 8.4 kJ/m2 were found to lead to pipe failure, with higher internal pressures (25–30 bar for external crack, and 30 bar for internal pressure). Moreover, the a/ c ratio plays a significant role in influencing the distribution of J-integral along internal crack arc length. For pipes of DN 355 size with axial cracks, internal pressure exceeding 20 bar is not recommended. These findings underscore the importance of considering J-integral values in pipe design to prevent failure.
Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence tools in enhancing the performance of an inline pipe turbine
Authors: Celebioglu Kutay , Ayli Ece , Cetinturk Huseyin , Tascioglu Yigit , Aradag Selin
Published: January 2024

In this study, investigations were conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess the applicability of a Francis-type water turbine within a pipe. The objective of the study is to determine the feasibility of implementing a turbine within a pipe and enhance its performance values within the operating range. The turbine within the pipe occupies significantly less space in hydroelectric power plants since a spiral casing is not used to distribute the flow to stationary vanes. Consequently, production and assembly costs can be reduced. Hence, there is a broad scope for application, particularly in small and medium-scale hydroelectric power plants. According to the results, the efficiency value increases on average by approximately 1.5% compared to conventional design, and it operates with higher efficiencies over a wider flow rate range. In the second part of the study, machine learning was employed for the efficiency prediction of an inline-type turbine. An appropriate Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architecture was initially obtained, with the Bayesian Regularization training algorithm proving to be the best approach for this type of problem. When the suitable ANN architecture was utilized, the prediction was found to be in good agreement with CFD, with an root mean squared error value of 0.194. An R2 value of 0.99631 was achieved with the appropriate ANN architecture.
Development of track component health indices using image-based railway track inspection data
Authors: Germoglio Barbosa Ian , Lima Arthur de O , Edwards J. Riley , Dersch Marcus S
Published: January 2024

The primary role of the US Department of Transportation (USDOT) Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is ensuring the safe operation of railway rolling stock and infrastructure by way of regulatory oversight. FRA regulations require US railroads to conduct visual track inspections as often as twice per week depending on a specific track segment’s FRA track class, which also governs maximum train operating speed. Such inspections are often subjective due to the inherent limitations of human visual inspection and cognition. Additionally, human visual inspections require some level of risk given the need for inspectors to be on track while also consuming valuable network capacity. As a result, and the desire to collect objective data to improve both safety and maintenance planning, railroads are pursuing new means and methods to assess track condition and evaluate track component health. This paper presents a numerical method to define track component health using field data collected on the High Tonnage Loop (HTL) at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, Colorado, USA. Line scan laser and image data of the track were captured using a 3D Laser Triangulation system and were subsequently processed using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs). The track heath quantification method proposed establishes benchmarks that were developed based on the understanding of railway track mechanics, high axle load (HAL) railroad engineering instructions, and FRA regulations. The novel metrics presented are referred to as Track Component Heath Indices (TCHIs) and are quantitative values that objectively assess track condition and provide a means to monitor condition change with time and tonnage. These data can be used in conjunction with traditional track geometry and other forms of track heath data (e.g. GPR and rail profile) to more holistically assess the condition of the track structure and its components and ultimately predict its future state.
Attitudes and Laws About Abortion Are Linked to Extrinsic Mortality Risk: A Life-History Perspective on Variability in Reproductive Rights
Authors: Brandt Elena , Maner Jon K.
Published: January 2024

Abortion policy is conventionally viewed as a political matter with religious overtones. This article offers a different view. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, abortion at a young age can represent prioritization of long-term development over immediate reproduction, a pattern established in other animal species as resulting from stable ecologies with low mortality risk. We examine whether laws and moral beliefs about abortions are linked to local mortality rates. Data from 50 U.S. states, 202 world societies, 2,596 adult individuals in 363 U.S. counties, and 147,260 respondents across the globe suggest that lower levels of mortality risk are associated with more permissive laws and attitudes toward abortion. Those associations were observed when we controlled for religiosity, political ideology, wealth, education, and industrialization. Integrating evolutionary and cultural perspectives offers an explanation as to why moral beliefs and legal norms about reproduction may be sensitive to levels of ecological adversity.
Digital literacy among junior and high school students in crisis times
Authors: Ayalon Ayelet , Aharony Noa
Published: January 2024

In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic required schools around the world to transition to online learning. This sudden change forced students who never experienced online learning to study a full curriculum with this method and rely on unfamiliar technology. The study uses the context of online learning during the pandemic as a case study to explore the implications of crisis times (e.g. natural disasters, environmental or public health crises) for digital literacy (DL) among students. Findings reveal that parental support was a crucial factor during a pandemic crisis. The more parental support students receive, the higher their digital literacy, their self-efficacy, their attitude toward technology, and their perceived achievements. Previous findings indicated that during routine students with high digital literacy reported positive attitudes toward using technology in education, compared to those with low digital literacy. However, our findings found that students with more positive attitudes toward technology reported higher digital literacy.
Lupus nephritis and socioeconomic status: Findings from the Southern California lupus registry
Authors: Sandhu Vaneet K. , Haghshenas Arezoo , Teh Phildrich , He Emily , Benitez Abigail , Salto Lorena M , Torralba Karina
Published: January 2024

Objective

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite multiple studies addressing healthcare disparities, disparate outcomes in LN persist. We investigate herein the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and LN as well as the association between SES, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), and treatment response.

Methods

Patients were selected from the Southern California Lupus Registry (SCOLR), a registry enrolling all-comers with SLE. Analysis was completed on individuals with public vs. private insurance. Insurance and ethnicity were used as surrogate variables for SES, and we tested differences in means.

Results

After adjusting for age and sex, public insurance was independently associated with the prevalence of LN. Analysis of 35 patients revealed greater proteinuria and mean SLEDAI in patients with public insurance at baseline and 6 months. Baseline, 6-, and 12-month SLEDAI means were significantly lower in Asian/Pacific Islanders (PI) compared to others. While non-Hispanic Whites demonstrated mean SLEDAI improvement over 6 months, Asians/PI, Blacks, and Hispanics demonstrated worsened disease activity on average.

Conclusion

Low SES, when defined by insurance, is associated with greater adverse outcomes in SLE. This is the first regional study that compares differences in treatment response in LN patients with low SES as well as association of SES with long-term outcomes in SLE and LN in southern California.