bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
40 Years of Policy Evolution of Chinese Farmer Cooperative Organization – Quantitative Analysis of Policy Text Based on the No. 1 Central Document
Authors: Xing Li-Wei
Published: June 2021

The issue of agricultural and rural farmers is a fundamental issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Solving farmer issues is always the top priority of the central government. At present, the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. Farmer cooperative organization have played an important role in agricultural output and farmers' economic income. Through text comprehensive analysis and policy tool analysis, the policies of farmer cooperative organization involved in the No.1 Central Document from 1982 to 1986 and 2004 to 2020 are sorted out, mainly including the evolution of the name of farmer cooperative organization and the policy support for the development of farmer cooperative organization. Chinese future farmer cooperative organization policies should focus on further improving the system construction of farmer cooperative organization and cultivating talents for farmer cooperatives.
Clavier-Übung III by Johann SebastIan Bach – "German organ mass"
Authors: Przegendza Jan
Published: June 2021

Clavier-Übung III is the third of four movements in the Clavier-Übung cycle by Johann Sebastian Bach. As a result of publishing confusion in the 19th century, the pieces included in the collection were published separately along with the composer’s other organ works. It was not until deeper musicological research and the discovery of the first printed edition of Clavier-Übung III that the composition was shown in a new light. In this article, the author presents Clavier-Übung III from the perspective of a religious message taking into account the formal plan and the symbolism that the composer included in the work by using musical means. The text attempts to explain the term “German Organ Mass” as it has been commonly called. This is done based on the origins of the work, a description of its internal construction, and an analysis of the score material of individual pieces. The main goal of the work is to present Clavier-Übung III as a complementary work that constitutes a certain closed whole as a collection of pieces to be performed in the order proposed by the composer.
A tribute to the sea. A contribution to the studies
on marine comositions by Adam Świerzyński.
Authors: Stanisławska Dorota
Published: June 2021

One of the composers who devoted a substantial part of their creative output to the Baltic Sea and Kashubia is Adam Świerzyński – he wrote numerous marine-themed pieces for varied performance groups. These compositions are not wide-known and some of them even get forgotten. Nevertheless, they are worth looking into due to their artistic value. Świerzyński’s works are eclectic in their style as in terms of their harmonic aspect they refer to Neo- Romanticism or aim towards modernist sounds. The composer’s instrumental lyric, which is based on inspirations by the nature of the sea as well as by historical events and folk elements, is an interesting area in the Polish 20th century literature. The present article relates to two compositions for viola and piano, i.e., Sea Impressions and Elegy, as well as viola transcriptions of Kashubian Fantasy and Lamento, Arend Dickmann in memoriam.
Possibilities of Using Building Information Model Data in Reinforcement Processing Plant
Authors: Pupeikis Darius , Morkūnaitė Lina , Daukšys Mindaugas , Navickas Arūnas Aleksandras , Abromas Svajūnas
Published: June 2021

While the AEC industry is moving towards digitalization off-site rebar prefabrication became a common practice. Now most companies use a long-established standard order processing method, where the customer submits 2D paper or PDF-based drawings. Subsequently, the manufacturers are obligated to make additional detailing, redrawing, calculations, and preparation of other required information for manufacturing. Thus, in this typical scenario, there is a great repetition of the same tasks, with the obvious loss of time and increased likelihood of human error. However, improvements can be made by the application of advanced digital production workflow and the use of open BIM standards (e.g., IFC, XML, BVBS). Therefore, this paper presents the typical data flow algorithm in contrast to the automated data flow for reinforcement manufacturing. Further, the two approaches are compared and analyzed based on Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. The results have shown promising prospects for companies willing to automate their data flow processes by the use of 3D drawings and digital data from the BIM model in their plants.
Study of Four Passive Second Skin Façade Configurations as a Natural Ventilation System During Winter and Summer
Authors: Hamidi Youssef , Malha Mustapha , Bah Abdellah
Published: June 2021

The fight against climate change is a significant challenge, resulting mainly from the linear and extensive exploitation of natural resources, particularly fossil fuels. Its impacts are now recognized. The current climate models are neither sustainable nor ecological in economic and social terms, especially as we live in a century marked by galloping demography and urbanization. Researchers worldwide have paid great attention to passive solar design strategies such as double skin or Second Skin Façade. 
From this point, the present work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the feasibility of using a passive façade as a useful technology for natural ventilation to achieve potential energy savings and improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality. For this purpose, a parametric study was conducted for a room with four different southern facade configurations in six Moroccan climatic zones; the difference between each lies in the vent's position in the entrance and exit. This process was done by using COMSOL Multiphysics software.
Velocity and volume flow rate fields were analyzed. The proposed configurations provided an average volume flow rate between 200 m3/h and 400 m3/h for a surface of 1 m2 of southern façade with an air vent area of 0.1mx0.2m.
Viajera de tu memoria: reflexiones sobre el uso de las entrevistas en historia de las mujeres
Authors: Valobra Adriana María
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo, abordaré ciertos aspectos que considero relevantes para pensar una historia con fuentes orales. Para ello, me serviré de un conjunto de estudios que han aportado a consolidar los andamiajes de la llamada historia oral a la luz de los aportes conceptuales de las teorías feministas y de género y reflexiones vinculadas a la problemática de clase. Puntualmente, me focalizaré en una dimensión de la ciudadanía política: votar, según la construcción de las mujeres que votaron por primera vez en Argentina en 1951.
A mobilização das tópicas do pensamento social brasileiro na historiografia comercial consumida no Brasil em tempos de crise democrática (2013-2020)
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Perez
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar as interpretações do Brasil desenvolvidas nos livros que, evocando a identidade genérica historiográfica, encontraram grande sucesso no mercado editorial nesses anos de crise democrática. A hipótese do trabalho sugere que estes textos mobilizaram topos interpretativos produzidos pelos autores que aprendemos a chamar de “intérpretes do Brasil”, que ao longo do século XX tentaram inventariar as causas do atraso brasileiro em ensaios de sínteses da história nacional. Ao final do texto, especulo a possibilidade de esses best-sellers da historiografia comercial terem colaborado para modular comportamentos políticos na sociedade civil na conjuntura da crise democrática ainda em curso no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: Pensamento social brasileiro; Signo do atraso; Historiografia comercial; Crise democrática.
The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Protein Energy Malnutrition among under Five Year Children in Pediatric OPDs of Public Health Institution in Yirgalem Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Tegegne Kaleab Tesfaye , Berisha Iyasu Estiphanos
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Protein energy malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five in developing countries. Ethiopia being one of these countries malnutrition is an important public health problem and among the highest in the world

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of protein energy malnutrition among under-five children in pediatric OPDs of public health institutions at Yirgalem town, Dale woreda, Sidama zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia from September 18-26, 2017.

Methodology: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in pediatric OPDs of public health institutions in Yirgalem town, on a total of 204 children age less than five years from September 18-26, 2017. Study subjects were selected by using quota sampling technique. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to collect data. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0statistical software.

Result: This study indicated that the prevalence of stunting wasting and Under-weight was 41.2%, 1.7% and 25% respectively. Factors showed statistically significant association in multivariate analysis were family planning use by mother, children eat together with older siblings and exclusive breast feeding with P-value (0.02), (0.036) and (0.002) respectively.

Conclusion: This study reviled that the prevalence of stunting, wasting and under-weight were higher among under-five children participated in this study. Thus children are at a higher risk of under nutrition related morbidity and mortality. Further progress in under nutrition prevention can be achieved by specifically targeting children at their early age and conducting tailored public education to improve the nutritional status of the study subjects.
Emergency Remote Library Instruction and Tech Tools
Authors: Ibacache Kathia , Rybin Koob Amanda , Vance Eric
Published: June 2021

During spring 2020, emergency remote teaching became the norm for hundreds of higher education institutions in the United States due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Librarians were suddenly tasked with moving in-person services and resources online. For librarians with instruction responsibilities, this online mandate meant deciding between synchronous and asynchronous sessions, learning new technologies and tools for active learning, and vetting these same tools for security issues and ADA compliance. In an effort to understand our shared and unique experiences with emergency remote teaching, the authors surveyed 202 academic instruction librarians in order to answer the following questions: (1) What technology tools are academic librarians using to deliver content and engage student participation in emergency remote library sessions during COVID-19? (2) What do instruction librarians perceive as the strengths and weaknesses of these tools? (3) What digital literacy gaps are instruction librarians identifying right now that may prevent access to equitable information literacy instruction online? This study will deliver and discuss findings from the survey as well as make recommendations toward best practices for utilizing technology tools and assessing them for equity and student engagement.
Musical expression means of a saxophone in the modern chamber-instrumental music
Authors: Wang Bojian
Published: June 2021

The research subject is the modern chamber-instrumental music of the late 20th - the early 21st century in the context of the newest performance and expression means and techniques of playing the saxophone as a unique wind instrument which is difficult to interpret. A wide musical expression range of modern music involving saxophone gives an opportunity to practically evaluate the depth of philosophical and figurative concepts embodied by modern composers. In this context, the author considers the peculiarities of the recommended techniques of playing the saxophone which have been detected and studied in the creative work of Yu.L. Povolotsky. The expressive timbre and sound palette attracts a modern composer with the purpose of both to experiment and to attempt to collect the wide range of artistic and philosophical generalizations of the epoch. This mutually determined process  -  a timbre-sound experiment, on the on hand, and a continuous expansion of the performance and expression means of a saxophone within the chamber-instrumental culture, determined by it, on the other - instigated the author to conduct a scientific analysis of the chamber-instrumental works of modern composers. Besides, of a scientific and historical value is the information about the creative process of Yu.L. Povolotsky: the involvement of out-of-the-box solutions, composition structures, and the newest ways and techniques of playing the saxophone.   
Practical and theoretical problems of legal regulation of surrogacy
Authors: Suprun Yana Ivanovna , Kozlova Anastasiya Maksimovna
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the legal norms applied to the surrogacy program as an independent institution that requires a separate place in the system. The object of this research is the social relations arising in the sphere of surrogacy procedures for future parents, as well as protection of the rights of a child born from artificial insemination. Special attention is given to such aspects as the surrogacy contract, registration of a child born to a surrogate mother, court opinion on the refusal to register a child born to a surrogate mother, and right of a single father to register a child born to a surrogate mother. The novelty of this article lies the analysis and examination of case law dedicated to the practical and theoretical problems of using surrogacy. The definitions are provided to the concepts of surrogacy and surrogate mother. Recommendations are made on the amendments to family and civil legislation by introducing norms that would regulate and determine the legal nature of surrogacy contract, norms on the child’s registration by the genetic parents who are not legally marries, as well as norms that to regulate the rights and responsibility, legal status of the father of a child born to a surrogate mother.
Video Data Analysis for Tracing Emotional Aspects of Collaborative Design and Making Processes
Authors: Paavola Tiina , Kangas Kaiju , Kokko Sirpa , Riikonen Sini , Mehto Varpu , Hakkarainen Kai , Seitamaa-Hakkarainen Pirita
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to introduce a systematic, three-level video analysis method for tracing the emotional aspects of a collaborative design and making process. Maker-centred learning can evoke strong emotions affecting students’ motivation because it involves them in externalising their ideas through conceptual, visual and material artefacts. For analysing longitudinal collaborative processes, we developed the visual Making-Process-Rug video analysis method, which enables tracing materially mediated verbal and embodied making processes. We provide examples of the method using data, where a team of seventh-grade students performing regular schoolwork were engaged in using traditional and digital fabrication technologies for inventing, designing, and making artefacts. Taking a case study perspective, we focus on a team of four students who worked on a smart product project. We analysed video recordings from the team’s 11 hours of design and making sessions on three levels: macro, intermediate and micro. The benefit of the three-level method is that it allows simultaneous analysis of social-discursive and materially embodied aspects of activities. It also enables analysing large samples of video data systematically, and focusing on both micro-level and macro-level perspectives of activity. The method for identifying emotions from video data has potential for educational research on various fields, however, the culture-specific expressions and interpretations of emotions require special attention when developing the method further.
Keywords: basic education, collaborative process, emotional expression, Making-Process-Rug, sociomateriality, video analysis method
Reasons for knitting blogging and its importance for crafting
Authors: Vilhunen Katja , Pöllänen Sinikka Hannele , Pitkäniemi Harri
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the reasons for knitting blogging and the importance of blogging for the bloggers’ crafting. A multiphase mixed-methods study focusing on quantitative research methods was the methodological basis. Therefore, the study included both sequential and simultaneous investigation paths. In this study, the quantitative data were collected from the same group of Finnish knitting bloggers by two online surveys in 2008 (N= 501) and in 2013 (N= 212). The quantitative data focused on time-related changes in blogging, whereas the qualitative data, collected by essays (N=50) during 2013-2014, was used to explain the quantitative data. In quantitative analysis, the key features of reasons for knitting blogging were analysed by principal component analysis. The differences in the principal components for the background groups between the surveys were elucidated by means of 2-way analysis of variance. The qualitative data were analysed by data-driven content analysis. The results indicated that there were several reasons for knitting blogging. According to the results, the elements of knitting blogging were: 1) inspiration and materialization, 2) connecting and community support, 3) encouragement and 4) reflection and reminiscence. Knitting blogging has reshaped crafting by combining the material and tactile process of knitting with digital practices of life-streaming and with participatory activities in networked spaces. It appeared that knitting and blogging complemented each other, and that blogging supported development of the blogger’s crafting into a serious leisure activity with meaningful long-term activities and clear goals.
Keywords: digital practices, knitting blog, leisure, mixed methods design, online communities
Therapeutic effect of and mechanisms underlying the effect of miR-195-5p on subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm and brain injury in rats
Authors: Tsai Tai-Hsin , Chang Chih-Hui , Lin Szu-Huai , Su Yu-Feng , Tsai Yi-Cheng , Yang Sheau-Fang , Lin Chih-Lung
Published: June 2021

Objectives

There is much evidence suggesting that inflammation contributes majorly to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm and brain injury. miRNAs have been found to modulate inflammation in several neurological disorders. This study investigated the effect of miR-195-5p on SAH-induced vasospasm and early brain injury in experimental rats.

Methods

Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly and evenly divided into a control group (no SAH, sham surgery), a SAH only group, a SAH + NC-mimic group, and a SAH + miR-195-5p group. SAH was induced using a single injection of blood into the cisterna magna. Suspensions containing NC-mimic and miR-195-5p were intravenously injected into rat tail 30 mins after SAH was induced. We determined degree of vasospasm by averaging areas of cross-sections the basilar artery 24h after SAH. We measured basilar artery endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κ B), phosphorylated NF-κ B (p-NF-κ B), inhibitor of NF-κ B (Iκ Bα) and phosphorylated-Iκ Bα (p-Iκ Bα). Cell death assay was used to quantify the DNA fragmentation, an indicator of apoptotic cell death, in the cortex, hippocampus, and dentate gyrus. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured using sample protein obtained from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and dentate gyrus.

Results

Prior to fixation by perfusion, there were no significant physiological differences among the control and treatment groups. SAH successfully induced vasospasm and early brain injury. MiR-195-5p attenuated vasospasam-induced changes in morphology, reversed SAH-induced elevation of iNOS, p-NF-κ B, NF-κ B, and p-Iκ Bα and reversed SAH-induced suppression of eNOS in the basilar artery. Cell death assay revealed that MiR-195-5p significantly decreased SAH-induced DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) and restored TNF-α level in the dentate gyrus.

Conclusion

In conclusion, MiRNA-195-5p attenuated SAH-induced vasospasm by up-regulating eNOS, down-regulating iNOS and inhibiting the NF-κ B signaling pathway. It also protected neurons by decreasing SAH-induced apoptosis-related cytokine TNF-α expression in the dentate gyrus. Further study is needed to elucidate the detail mechanism underlying miR-195-5p effect on SAH-induced vasospasm and cerebral injury. We believe that MiR-195-5p can potentially be used to manage SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm and brain injury.
Spatial-temporal variability of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck 1819 populations and their accumulated sediment in northern Portugal
Authors: Ramos-Oliveira Catarina , Sampaio Leandro , Rubal Marcos , Veiga Puri
Published: June 2021

Mytilus galloprovincialis is an ecosystem engineer that provides habitat and generates environmental heterogeneity, increasing local biodiversity. Moreover, it is an economically important species representing 14% of the global production of marine bivalves. Natural drivers and the increase of anthropogenic pressures, such as sediment stress, influence its populations on rocky shores. The objective of this study was to explore the spatial-temporal patterns of different M. galloprovincialis attributes along the north of Portugal. For that purpose, six rocky shores were selected and sampled six times along the year 2019. The percentage of cover, density, spat density, condition index, clump thickness, size classes and clump sediment content were considered. Results showed the lack of seasonality in M. galloprovincialis along the north coast of Portugal. However, density, spat stage, clump thickness, condition index and size classes showed some variability among dates and shores. The percentage cover and sediment content only significantly differed among shores. Our results indicated an absence of seasonality for all the studied variables, probably because temperature was always within the optimum range for this species and the abundance of food supply in the study area independently of the season. The accumulated sediment on mussel clumps did not show any temporal variability with only significant differences among shores. The accumulated sediment was composed mainly by medium and coarse sand and it was correlated with mussel average size, condition index, but especially with the mussel clump thickness.
The protective effect ofMoringa oleiferaplant extract against glutamate-induced DNA damage and reduced cell viability in a primary retinal ganglion cell line
Authors: Amina Musarat , Bhat Ramesa Shafi , Al-Dbass Abeer M. , Musayeib Nawal M. , Fahmy Rania , Alhadlaq Leen , El-Ansary Afaf
Published: June 2021

Background

Glutamate excitotoxicity can cause DNA damage and is linked to many retinal and neurological disorders. In mammals, the visual signal from the eyes to the brain is conducted only by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which can be damaged by overstimulation of glutamate receptors.

Methodology

We examined the protective effects ofMoringa oleiferaseed extract against glutamate-induced DNA damage in RGCs. RGCs cells were treated with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µg/ml ofM. oleiferaseed extract and glutamate separately and then assessed for DNA damage using the comet assay. We also evaluated the viability of the RGCs after both treatments using the MTT test. Additionally, RGCs were pretreated withM.oleiferaseed extract (50 or 100 µg/ml) for 2 h before glutamate treatment (100 µg/ml) to determine the potential protective effects ofM. oleifera. We performed a phytochemical analysis of theM. oleiferaseed extract using standard reactions.

Results

TheM. oleiferaseed extract was found to be rich in many phytochemicals. We observed a significant dose-dependent elevation in all comet assay variables in glutamate-treated RGCs, whereasM. oleiferaseed extract treatments did not show any significant change in DNA integrity.

Conclusion

M. oleiferaseed extract demonstrates neuroprotective effects, which suggests it may help to prevent the development of many neurodegenerative disorders.
Comparative anatomical and transcriptomic analyses of the color variation of leaves in Aquilaria sinensis
Authors: Gao Jiaqi , Chen Tong , Jiang Chao , Wang Tielin , Huang Ou , Zhang Xiang , Liu Juan
Published: June 2021

Color variation in plant tissues is a common phenomenon accompanied with a series of biological changes. In this study, a special-phenotype Aquilaria sinensis (GS) with color variation of leaf was firstly reported, and DNA barcode sequences showed GS samples could not be discriminated clearly with the normal A. sinensis sample (NS), which suggested that the variety was not the cause of the GS formation. To reveal the characteristics of GS compared to NS, the anatomical and transcriptome sequencing studies were carried out. In microscopic observation, the leaves of golden-vein-leaf sample (LGS) and normal-vein-leaf sample (LNS) showed significant differences including the area of the included phloem in midrib and the thickness parameters of palisade and spongy tissues; the stems of golden-vein-leaf sample (SGS) and normal-vein-leaf sample (SNS) were also different in many aspects such as the area of vessels and included phloem. In addition, the structure of chloroplast was more complete in the midrib of LNS than that of LGS, and some particles suspected as virus were found through transmission electron microscope as well. Genes upregulated in LGS in contrast with LNS were mainly enriched in photosynthesis. As for stems, most of the genes upregulated in SGS compared to SNS were involved in translation and metabolism processes. The pathways about photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism as well as some important transcription factors may explain the molecular mechanism of the unique phenotypes of leaves and the genes related to suberin biosynthesis may result in the difference of stems. In addition, the genes about defense response especially biotic stress associated with numerous pathogenesis-related (PR) genes upregulated in LGS compared to LNS indicated that the pathogen may be the internal factor. Taken together, our results reveal the macro- and micro-phenotype variations as well as gene expression profiles between GS and NS, which could provide valuable clues for elucidating the mechanism of the color variation of Aquilaria.
Elucidating SNP-based genetic diversity and population structure of advanced breeding lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Tomar Vipin , Dhillon Guriqbal Singh , Singh Daljit , Singh Ravi Prakash , Poland Jesse , Joshi Arun Kumar , Tiwari Budhi Sagar , Kumar Uttam
Published: June 2021

Genetic diversity and population structure information are crucial for enhancing traits of interest and the development of superlative varieties for commercialization. The present study elucidated the population structure and genetic diversity of 141 advanced wheat breeding lines using single nucleotide polymorphism markers. A total of 14,563 high-quality identified genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) markers were distributed covering 13.9 GB wheat genome, with a minimum of 1,026 SNPs on the homoeologous group four and a maximum of 2,838 SNPs on group seven. The average minor allele frequency was found 0.233, although the average polymorphism information content (PIC) and heterozygosity were 0.201 and 0.015, respectively. Principal component analyses (PCA) and population structure identified two major groups (sub-populations) based on SNPs information. The results indicated a substantial gene flow/exchange with many migrants (Nm = 86.428) and a considerable genetic diversity (number of different alleles, Na = 1.977; the number of effective alleles, Ne = 1.519; and Shannon’s information index, I = 0.477) within the population, illustrating a good source for wheat improvement. The average PIC of 0.201 demonstrates moderate genetic diversity of the present evaluated advanced breeding panel. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) detected 1% and 99% variance between and within subgroups. It is indicative of excessive gene traffic (less genetic differentiation) among the populations. These conclusions deliver important information with the potential to contribute new beneficial alleles using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and marker-assisted selection to enhance genetic gain in South Asian wheat breeding programs.
An Analysis of Financial Performance of the Coal Mining Industries: A Case Study of Raniganj Coalfield of Eastern Coalfield Limited
Authors: Maji Gosai , Malik Uma Sankar
Published: June 2021

The leading coalfield of India, the Raniganj coalfield under Eastern Coalfield Limited is recognised as the birth place of the Indian coal mining industry and one of the most prominent coalfields not only in India but also in the world. It is also the second largest supplier of superior quality of coal in the nation at present subsequent to Jharia coalfield. Raniganj and Jharia Coalfields (RCF & JCF) can be recognised as mirror image in the history of coal mining in India.  Both the coal mining areas are witnessing mining of coal for more than 230 years. With the shifting of economic structure of the country, the cold filed region has registered quite a lot of ups and down in its financial performance. From this point of view the current paper is an attempt to assess the financial performance in the field of mining segment of Raniganj Coal Field, the most important coal producer in West Bengal. The whole study is entirely based on secondary data. A period of five year from 2014-15 to 2019-20 has been determined for the study. The data have been tabulated, analysed and interpreted with the help of Z Score Model and Economic Value Added (EVA) based on financial ratios. It is observed from the analysis of various financial ratios that the revenue earning capability, liquidity condition and long-standing solvency situation of RCF, is to a certain extent good during the entire study period and the level of bankruptcy situation is also very low.
Demersal Fish Diversity Index in Cirebon Waters, West Java
Authors: Supriadi Dedi , Widayaka Restu , Saputra Aman , Hakim Maman Lukmanul
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the distance between the placement of the base fish aggregating devices (FAD) from the beach, the composition of the catch, identify fish species and determine the diversity of fish caught at different distances of the base FAD in Cirebon waters. The research method was carried out descriptively by census. Data analysis method for demersal fish diversity index value (H') using Shannon-Wiener and t-test. Sampling of respondents was carried out by census as many as 20 basic FAD fishermen. The research location is in the Cangkol Tengah Fishermen Association, Cirebon City. The results of this study indicate that the number of fish species caught on FADs with a distance of <12 miles was obtained 10 species with 6,784 fish, the largest number of fish caught was snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) as many as 2,040 fish with a percentage of 30.2% of the total number of fish. The whole fish caught, while the fish with the largest weight was snapper for distances <12 miles with an average weight of 658.92 kg or 30% of other types of fish. The number of fish species caught on FADs with a distance of >12 miles obtained 10 species with 9.217 fish, the highest number of fish caught was snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) as many as 2,884 fish with a percentage of 27.97% of the total number of fish caught, while the fish with the greatest weight is snapper with an average weight for distances >12 miles of 988.39 kg or 30% of other types of fish. The magnitude of the demersal fish diversity index value at the base FAD placement distance <12 miles was 1.6672 and more than 12 miles was 1.8137 which means that there is no significant difference and the diversity index category is small because the value of H '≤ 2.
A State of the Art Survey of Machine Learning Algorithms for IoT Security
Authors: Jahwar Alan Fuad , Zeebaree Subhi R. M.
Published: June 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm shift that enables billions of devices to connect to the Internet. The IoT's diverse application domains, including smart cities, smart homes, and e-health, have created new challenges, chief among them security threats. To accommodate the current networking model, traditional security measures such as firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) must be modified. Additionally, the Internet of Things and Cloud Computing complement one another, frequently used interchangeably when discussing technical services and collaborating to provide a more comprehensive IoT service. In this review, we focus on recent Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms proposed in IoT security, which can be used to address various security issues. This paper systematically reviews the architecture of IoT applications, the security aspect of IoT, service models of cloud computing, and cloud deployment models. Finally, we discuss the latest ML and DL strategies for solving various security issues in IoT networks.
Birds Sound Classification Based on Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mehyadin Aska E. , Abdulazeez Adnan Mohsin , Hasan Dathar Abas , Saeed Jwan N.
Published: June 2021

The bird classifier is a system that is equipped with an area machine learning technology and uses a machine learning method to store and classify bird calls. Bird species can be known by recording only the sound of the bird, which will make it easier for the system to manage. The system also provides species classification resources to allow automated species detection from observations that can teach a machine how to recognize whether or classify the species. Non-undesirable noises are filtered out of and sorted into data sets, where each sound is run via a noise suppression filter and a separate classification procedure so that the most useful data set can be easily processed. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) is used and tested through different algorithms, namely Naïve Bayes, J4.8 and Multilayer perceptron (MLP), to classify bird species. J4.8 has the highest accuracy (78.40%) and is the best. Accuracy and elapsed time are (39.4 seconds).
Conservation Agriculture Practices on Physiological Indices of Rice in Rice Based Cropping System
Authors: Durga C. , Anitha S.
Published: June 2021

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy farm, Kerala Agricultural University during 2019-2021 to develop an eco friendly conservation method for upland rice based cropping system. Rice-okra cropping system with conservation practices were compared with conventional practice. Treatments consisted of planting methods like flat bed and raised bed with eitherinsitugreen manuring or brown manuring and with minimum soil disturbance. Various conservation practice significantly influenced the physiological parameters of rice under rice based cropping system. Highest leaf area index crop was recorded in direct seeding rice in flat bed + in situ green manuring at all stages of crop growth and it was statistically superior over other treatments. The crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate up to 60DAS recorded highest in direct seeding rice in flat bed +insitugreen manuring but at 90-120DAS the highest was found in direct seeding rice in raised bed + green manuring. Growing green manure crops along with ricecrop raised in flat bed or raised bed had significant influence on the growth indices of rice.
Lysinibacillus acetophenoni and Pseudomonas stutzeri with High Salt effect, Recovered from High Salinity Soil Area (Indo-Gangetic Plain of India)
Authors: Kotiyal Parul Bhatt , Singh Soni , Rawat Sunita , Vyas Vikesh , Negi Himani
Published: June 2021

Soil salinity has affected many soil microbial communities as well as economic value of forest ecosystem for many years. The plant growth-promoting bacteria have developed several different mechanisms that have a positive influence on plant development and growth. Designated strain L-PB424 and P-PB466 was isolated and identified from saline soil of block Ashabutter khair forest in Punjab North zone in India, were investigated for their plant growth-promoting characters such as production of indole acetic acid, phosphate solubilization, Ammonium production and fermentation of polysaccharides. Comparative analysis of 16SrRNA gene sequences revealed that L-PB424 was closely related to Lysinibacillus manganicus DSM 26584 strain Mn1-7 (98.76%), on the other hand strain P-PB466 was closely related to Pseudomonas songnenensis strain NEAUST5-5. This research paper is a study in evaluation and variety of possible halophlic/halotolerant bacterial strains in salt-affected soils of block Ashabutter khair forest in Punjab North zone in India. The use of Halophilic bacteria in saline soil is interesting for future analysis and biotechnological development.
CBNAAT Based Identification and Demographic Pattern of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in South Kashmir, India- a One Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Hakkak Rubeena , Rishi Saqib , Bhat Javid Ahmed
Published: June 2021

India is the highest TB burden country in the world having an estimated incidence of 26.9 lakh cases in 2019. With a population of 1.32 billion, India has the highest burden of drug resistant TB (DR-TB) in the world. North zone of India is the second highest MDR-TB prevalent zone after the West zone of India. MDR TB treatment involves prolonged treatment with injectable second-line drugs, associated with more adverse effects, suboptimal treatment outcomes and higher risks of mortality compared to patients with drug-sensitive TB and those with lesser resistant forms of TB.

Materials methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Microbiology Government Medical College Anantnag, data was analyzed from March 2017 to February 2018. Non-sterile specimens were processed by Modified Petroff Method. Sterile specimens were concentrated by centrifugation and smear and cultures was inoculated from the sediment. CBNAAT assay was performed by Gene Xpert (Cepheid) 4 system according to the manufacturers’ recommendations.

Results: Of the total 1497 clinically suspected tuberculosis specimens collected, 1370 (91.5%) were pulmonary and 127 (8.5%) were presumptive extra pulmonary tuberculosis received from different anatomical sites. Maximum clustering of cases was seen in 10-20 years age group. Out of the total 1497 samples 200 were CBNAAT confirmed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis positive samples. In which 155 were pulmonary and 45 were extra pulmonary. The average percentage positivity rate (i.e. percentage of MTB positive samples out of total samples tested) was 13.3% (200/1497).  Rifampicin resistance (RR-TB) was seen in 5.5% (11/200) samples. Out of the samples detected positive (200): 155 were pulmonary samples and out of these 155 pulmonary samples 8 were found to be RR MTB 5.1% (8/155).  Also out of the 200 positive samples 45 were extra pulmonary and out of these 45 extra pulmonary samples 3 were found to be RR MTB 6.6% (3/45).

Conclusion: In this study we found that in our region 5.5%  cases of TB were RR-TB, 3.2% were new cases and 13% RR-TB was seen in  previously treated cases of MTB. The screening of drug resistance has to be expanded to offer universal DST including expanded DST .The second and most important activity is to strengthen drug resistance surveillance under the various national programs with inclusion of laboratories in the private sector as well. The state level regional studies also give us the opportunity to plan and execute intervention prioritization, based on the drug resistance trends observed.
Enantioselective Organocatalyzed aza‐Michael Addition Reaction of 2‐Hydroxybenzophenone Imines to Nitroolefins under Batch and Flow Conditions
Authors: Guerrero‐Corella Andrea , Valle‐Amores Miguel A. , Fraile Alberto , Alemán José
Published: June 2021

Herein, an asymmetric organocatalytic aza‐Michael addition reaction of ketimines to nitroolefins is presented. The use of 2‐hydroxybenzophenone imine improves the enantioselective addition of N‐centered nucleophiles to nitroalkenes by means of intramolecular hydrogen bond formation at the imine moiety. Moreover, the versatility of the process is demonstrated under both batch and flow conditions, showing the synthesis of a large variety of nitroamine derivatives with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. In addition, we applied this methodology to the formal synthesis of VNI, a drug‐like scaffold for the treatment of Chagas disease.

magnified image
Exploring Transport Behavior in Hybrid Perovskites Solar Cells via Machine Learning Analysis of Environmental‐Dependent Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Muckley Eric S. , Creange Nicole , Wan Ting Hei , Ann Myung Hyun , Quattrocchi Emanuele , Vasudevan Rama K. , Kim Jong H. , Ciucci Francesco , Ivanov Ilia N. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Ahmadi Mahshid
Published: June 2021

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites are one of the promising candidates for the next‐generation semiconductors due to their superlative optoelectronic properties. However, one of the limiting factors for potential applications is their chemical and structural instability in different environments. Herein, the stability of (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 perovskite solar cell is explored in different atmospheres using impedance spectroscopy. An equivalent circuit model and distribution of relaxation times (DRTs) are used to effectively analyze impedance spectra. DRT is further analyzed via machine learning workflow based on the non‐negative matrix factorization of reconstructed relaxation time spectra. This exploration provides the interplay of charge transport dynamics and recombination processes under environment stimuli and illumination. The results reveal that in the dark, oxygen atmosphere induces an increased hole concentration with less ionic character while ionic motion is dominant under ambient air. Under 1 Sun illumination, the environment‐dependent impedance responses show a more striking effect compared with dark conditions. In this case, the increased transport resistance observed under oxygen atmosphere in equivalent circuit analysis arises due to interruption of photogenerated hole carriers. The results not only shed light on elucidating transport mechanisms of perovskite solar cells in different environments but also offer an effective interpretation of impedance responses.
Yield performance of inbred rice grown under labor‐saving crop establishment methods
Authors: Huang Min , Chen Ge , Chen Jiana , Cao Fangbo , Li Zusheng , Chen Yumei , Liu Longsheng , Zou Yingbin
Published: June 2021

Labor‐saving crop establishment methods have rapidly developed for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in China to address a labor shortage in agricultural production resulting from urban expansion, and many rice farmers who adopt such methods prefer to choose inbred varieties with reduced seed costs. This study aimed to determine which of two labor‐saving establishment methods, zero tillage and direct seeding (ZTDS) and rotavator tillage and mechanical transplanting (RTMT), achieves higher grain yield in inbred rice. Field experiments were conducted at two sites across 3 yr to determine grain yield and yield attributes of elite inbred rice cultivar Jinlongsimiao, established under ZTDS and RTMT. Results showed that RTMT produced an 11% higher grain yield than ZTDS. Higher spikelet number per panicle was observed under RTMT compared with ZTDS, but spikelet number per square meter was not necessarily higher because it was compensated for by a reduced panicle number per square meter. The RTMT‐established rice conferred higher spikelet filling percentage but lower grain weight than ZTDS‐established rice. There was no consistent or significant difference in crop growth rate, total biomass production, or the source/sink ratio between RTMT and ZTDS rice. The RTMT method produced a higher harvest index than ZTDS. These results suggest that RTMT is the favorable method for inbred rice establishment to improve the partitioning of assimilates and, consequently, increase spikelet filling percentage and grain yield compared with ZTDS.
Post‐9/11 excess risk of thyroid cancer: Surveillance or exposure?
Authors: van Gerwen Maaike , Cerutti Janete M. , Rapp Joseph , Genden Eric , Riggins Gregory J. , Taioli Emanuela
Published: June 2021

An excess risk of thyroid cancer has been reported in different World Trade Center (WTC)‐dust exposed cohorts. Increased surveillance of these cohorts has been suggested as a potential explanation of this reported excess thyroid cancer risk leading to an increased diagnosis of earlier‐stage thyroid cancers. However, the uncertainty to what extent surveillance or physician bias may be contributing to the reported incidence of thyroid cancer in WTC‐dust exposed populations remains, highlighting the need to investigate a potential causal link between WTC dust exposure and thyroid cancer. Future studies are therefore indicated to investigate potential consequences of WTC dust exposure on the thyroid gland. Studies of the heavily exposed populations offer the possibility to better understand the mechanisms behind the exposure to a variety of environmental contaminants, and may provide useful insights into exposures harmful to the thyroid. These can be used in risk stratification when implementing screening in high‐risk populations and may inform shared decision‐making regarding the extent of thyroid cancer treatment.
Genome‐wide SNP genotyping reveals hidden population structure of an acroporid species at a subtropical coral island: Implications for coral restoration
Authors: Zayasu Yuna , Takeuchi Takeshi , Nagata Tomofumi , Kanai Megumi , Fujie Manabu , Kawamitsu Mayumi , Chinen Wakana , Shinzato Chuya , Satoh Noriyuki
Published: June 2021

It is essential to consider genetic composition for both conventional coral restoration management and for initiating new interventions to counter the significant global decline in living corals. Population genetic structure at a fine spatial scale should be carefully evaluated before implementing strategies to achieve self‐sustaining ecosystems via coral restoration.

This study investigated the population genetic structure of two acroporid species at Kume Island, Okinawa, Japan. There were 140 colonies of Acropora digitifera collected from seven study sites, and 81 colonies of Acropora tenuis from six sites. In total, 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for A. digitifera and 470 SNPs for A. tenuis were obtained using a comparatively economical technique, Multiplexed ISSR Genotyping by sequencing.

Observed heterozygosity was significantly lower than expected heterozygosity at all SNP sites in both acroporid species, suggesting deficient genetic diversity possibly caused by past massive coral bleaching. Even though both species are broadcast spawners, the population structure was different in the two species. No detectable structure was evident in A. digitifera, but two distinct clades were found in A. tenuis. The genetic homogeneity of A. digitifera at Kume Island suggests that this species could be used as a focal species for active restoration in terms of genetic differentiation at this island. By contrast, A. tenuis unexpectedly included two distinct clades with little or no admixture within a small study area, possibly representing two reproductively isolated cryptic species. Thus, when using A. tenuis, it would be prudent to avoid disturbing the genetic composition of wild populations until this question is answered.