bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autumn Phenological Response of European Beech to Summer Drought and Heat
Authors: Lukasová Veronika , Vido Jaroslav , Škvareninová Jana , Bičárová Svetlana , Hlavatá Helena , Borsányi Peter , Škvarenina Jaroslav
Published: September 2020

The changes in precipitation and temperature regimes brought on by the current climate change have influenced ecosystems globally. The consequences of climate change on plant phenology have been widely investigated during the last few years. However, the underlying causes of the timing of autumn phenology have not been fully clarified yet. Here, we focused on the onset (10%) of leaf colouring—LCO—(Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) 92) of European beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) as an important native tree species growing throughout Europe. Studied beech stands are located along the natural distribution range of the European beech in Western Carpathians (Slovakia) at different altitudes from lowlands (300 m a.s.l.) to uplands (1050 m a.s.l.) and climatic regions from warm to cold. To define limiting climate conditions for LCO, we established several bioclimatic indices as indicators of meteorological drought: climatic water balance (CWB), standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), dry period index (DPI), and heat waves (HW). In addition, meteorological variables such as monthly mean temperatures and precipitation totals were taken into account. Throughout the 23-year period (1996–2018) of ground-based phenological observations of temperate beech forests, the timing of LCO was significantly delayed (p ≤ 0.05) in the middle to high altitudes, while in the lowest altitude, it remained unchanged. Over the last decade, 2009–2018, LCO in middle altitudes started at comparable to low altitudes and, at several years, even later. This resulted mainly from the significant negative effect of drought prior to this phenological phase (p ≤ 0.01) expressed through a 1-month SPI in September (SPIIX) at the stand at the low-altitude and warm-climatic region. Our results indicate that the meteorological drought conditioned by lower total precipitation and higher evapotranspirative demands in the warmer climate advance leaf senescence. However, at present time, growth in rising temperature and precipitation is acceptable for most beech stands at middle to high altitudes. Beech utilizes these conditions and postpones the LCO by 0.3–0.5 and 0.6–1.2 day per year at high and middle altitudes, respectively. Although we show the commencing negative effect of drought at mid-altitudes with lower (below 700 mm) total annual precipitation, the trend of LCO in favourable warm climates is still significantly delayed. The ongoing warming trend of summer months suggests further intensification of drought as has started to occur in middle altitudes, spreading from the continual increase of evapotranspiration over the next decades.
Hydrometeorological Drought Forecasting in Hyper-Arid Climates Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Networks
Authors: Alsumaiei Abdullah A. , Alrashidi Mosaed S.
Published: September 2020

Drought forecasting is an essential component of efficient water resource management that helps water planners mitigate the severe consequences of water shortages. This is especially important in hyper-arid climates, where drought consequences are more drastic due to the limited water resources and harsh environments. This paper presents a data-driven approach based on an artificial neural network algorithm for predicting droughts. Initially, the observed drought events in the State of Kuwait were tested for autocorrelation using the correlogram test. Due to the cyclic nature of the observed drought time series, nonlinear autoregressive neural networks (NARs) were used to predict the occurrence of drought events using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm to train the NAR models. This approach was tested for the forecasting of 12- and 24-month droughts using the recently developed precipitation index (PI). Four statistical measures were used to assess the model’s performance during training and validation. The performance metrics indicated that the drought prediction was reliable, with Nash–Sutcliffe values of 0.761–0.878 during the validation period. Additionally, the computed R2 values for model forecasts ranged between 0.784–0.883, which indicated the quality of the model predictions. These findings contribute to the development of more efficient drought forecasting tools for use by water managers in hyper-arid regions.
Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa
Authors: Laraque Alain , Moukandi N’kaya Guy D. , Orange Didier , Tshimanga Raphael , Tshitenge Jean Marie , Mahé Gil , Nguimalet Cyriaque R. , Trigg Mark A. , Yepez Santiago , Gulemvuga Georges
Published: September 2020

Although the Congo Basin is still one of the least studied river basins in the world, this paper attempts to provide a multidisciplinary but non-exhaustive synthesis on the general hydrology of the Congo River by highlighting some points of interest and some particular results obtained over a century of surveys and scientific studies. The Congo River is especially marked by its hydrological regularity only interrupted by the wet decade of 1960, which is its major anomaly over nearly 120 years of daily observations. Its interannual flow is 40,500 m3 s−1. This great flow regularity should not hide important spatial variations. As an example, we can cite the Ubangi basin, which is the most northern and the most affected by a reduction in flow, which has been a cause for concern since 1970 and constitutes a serious hindrance for river navigation. With regard to material fluxes, nearly 88 × 106 tonnes of material are exported annually from the Congo Basin to the Atlantic Ocean, composed of 33.6 × 106 tonnes of TSS, 38.1 × 106 tonnes of TDS and 16.2 × 106 tonnes of DOC. In this ancient flat basin, the absence of mountains chains and the extent of its coverage by dense rainforest explains that chemical weathering (10.6 t km−2 year−1 of TDS) slightly predominates physical erosion (9.3 t km−2 year−1 of TSS), followed by organic production (4.5 t km−2 year−1 of DOC). As the interannual mean discharges are similar, it can be assumed that these interannual averages of material fluxes, calculated over the longest period (2006–2017) of monthly monitoring of its sedimentology and bio-physical-chemistry, are therefore representative of the flow record available since 1902 (with the exception of the wet decade of 1960). Spatial heterogeneity within the Congo Basin has made it possible to establish an original hydrological classification of right bank tributaries, which takes into account vegetation cover and lithology to explain their hydrological regimes. Those of the Batéké plateau present a hydroclimatic paradox with hydrological regimes that are among the most stable on the planet, but also with some of the most pristine waters as a result of the intense drainage of an immense sandy-sandstone aquifer. This aquifer contributes to the regularity of the Congo River flows, as does the buffer role of the mysterious “Cuvette Centrale”. As the study of this last one sector can only be done indirectly, this paper presents its first hydrological regime calculated by inter-gauging station water balance. Without neglecting the indispensable in situ work, the contributions of remote sensing and numerical modelling should be increasingly used to try to circumvent the dramatic lack of field data that persists in this basin.
Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of a Fertigation Device for Distributing Solid Fertilizer
Authors: Zhang Zhiyang , Chen Chao , Li Hong , Xia Huameng
Published: September 2020

Solid fertilizers, which have a low operating cost, are widely applied in Chinese crop fields. In order to distribute solid fertilizer through fertigation, an innovative device with a simple structure was designed, which can feed, dissolve, and distribute fertilizer simultaneously. The parameters of the outlet pipe and fertilizer-feeding component were designed, and a preliminary equation for calculating the fertilizer-feeding flowrate was established. Then experiments were conducted to optimize the established equation. Obtained results showed that the deviation between the measured and the calculated feeding flowrate through the optimized equation was about 5%. This ensured that the fertilizer-feeding flowrate can be adjusted accurately. Experiments were also conducted to explore the effect of the working parameters on the fertilization uniformity of the designed device. It was found that as the fertilization time and inlet water flowrate increases, the fertilization uniformity increases but fertilizer concentration decreases. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the designed fertigation device outperforms the conventional pressure differential tank that is normally applied to distribute solid fertilizers.
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Precipitation Change from Southeast to Northwest China during the Period 1961–2017
Authors: Li Zhu , Liu Honghu
Published: September 2020

Global climate change is significant, and the spatiotemporal variations of precipitation associated with it are pronounced. Based on the daily precipitation data from 10 weather stations located from southeast to northwest across China from 1961–2017, the Mann–Kendall trend test was generally applied to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of precipitation. The factors influencing the precipitation changes were investigated. The results revealed that (1) the annual, summer, and winter rainfall amount (RA) exhibited increasing rates of 16.36, 12.31, and 2.49 mm/10 year, respectively. The change rates of annual rainfall days (RD) were 2.68 day/10 year in the northwest region and −1.88 day/10 year in the southeast. The annual and seasonal daily precipitation on rainy days (RP) exhibited an increasing trend. (2) All of the RA, RD, and RP values initially increased, then decreased, and then slightly increased from Southeast to Northwest China. These results proved that the RA increased with the increase of light rain in Northwest China and heavy rain in Southeast China. In addition, changes in the monsoon have altered the rate at which RA, RD, and RP vary with distance from the sea. These findings may help to provide suggestions for the rational spatial utilization of water resources in China.
A GESTÃO DE CUSTOS INTERORGANIZACIONAIS NA REDE HOTELEIRA DE FOZ DO IGUAÇU, PR.
Authors: SILVA LIDIANE DOS SANTOS , Cescon José Antonio , Junior Antônio Carlos Brunozi
Published: September 2020

O estudo aborda as principais características do setor hoteleiro, sua estrutura de capital e modelo de gestão, bem como os níveis de conhecimentos dos gestores de hotéis, quanto às relações interorganizacionais (RIOs) e à Gestão de Custos Interorganizacional (GCIs). A pesquisa foi realizada na rede hoteleira da cidade de Foz do Iguaçu. De uma população de 112 hotéis, a amostra é composta por 37 hotéis, o que representa 33,00% da população, e a coleta de dados realizou-se através da aplicação de um questionário estruturado. Os resultados evidenciam que as empresas hotelarias pesquisadas enquadram-se nos diversos tipos de redes e que os gestores têm conhecimentos sobre as RIOs e as GCIs, os quais possibilitam aos mesmos habilidades para atuar e/ou desenvolver processos nas Relações Interorganizacionais e na Gestão de Custos Interorganizacional e com isto obter vantagem competitiva. Os resultados evidenciam também que as RIOs e as GCIs não possuem papel representativo no segmento de hotelaria de Foz do Iguaçu.

 

Palavras chave: Relações interorganizacionais, gestão de custos interorganizacional, hotelaria, custos.
Improved outcomes with implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathway for patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery in the Philippines
Authors: Tampo Mayou Martin T. , Onglao Mark Augustine S. , Lopez Marc Paul J. , Sacdalan Marie Dione P. , Cruz Ma. Concepcion L. , Apellido Rosielyn T. , Monroy III Hermogenes J.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate surgical outcomes (i.e. length of stay [LOS], 30-day morbidity, mortality, reoperation, and readmission rates) with the use of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway, and determine its association with the rate of compliance to the different ERAS components.Methods: This was a prospective cohort of patients, who underwent the following elective procedures: stoma reversal (SR), colon resection (CR), and rectal resection (RR). The primary endpoint was to determine the association of compliance to an ERAS pathway and surgical outcomes. These were then retrospectively compared to outcomes prior to the implementation of ERAS.Results: A total of 267 patients were included in the study. The overall compliance to the ERAS component was 92.0% (SR, 91.8%; CR, 93.1%; RR, 90.7%). There was an associated decrease in morbidity rates across all types of surgery, as compliance to ERAS increased. The average total LOS decreased in all groups but was only found to have statistical significance in SR (12.1±6.7 days vs. 10.0±5.4 days, P=0.002) and RR (19.9±11.4 days vs. 16.9±10.5 days, P=0.04) groups. Decreased postoperative LOS was noted in all groups. Morbidity rates were significantly higher after ERAS implementation, but reoperation and mortality rates were found to be similar.Conclusion: Increased compliance to ERAS protocol is associated with a decrease in morbidity across all surgery types. The implementation of an ERAS protocol significantly decreased mean hospital LOS, without any increase in major surgical complications. Having your own hospital ERAS pathway improves documentation and accuracy of reporting surgical complications.
The Prognosis and Recurrence Pattern of Right- and Left-Sided Colon Cancer in Stage II, Stage III, and Liver Metastasis After Curative Resection
Authors: Nakamura Yasuyuki , Hokuto Daisuke , Koyama Fumikazu , Matsuo Yasuko , Nomi Takeo , Yoshikawa Takahiro , Kamitani Naoki , Sadamitsu Tomomi , Takei Takeshi , Matsumoto Yayoi , Iwasa Yosuke , Fukuoka Kohei , Obara Shinsaku , Nakamoto Takayuki , Kuge Hiroyuki , Sho Masayuki
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Primary tumor location of colon cancer has been reported to affect the prognosis after curative resection. However, some reports suggested the impact was varied by tumor stage. This study analyzed the prognostic impact of the sidedness of colon cancer in stages II, III, and liver metastasis after curative resection using propensity-matched analysis.Methods: Right-sided colon cancer was defined as a tumor located from cecum to splenic flexure, while any more distal colon cancer was defined as left-sided colon cancer. Patients who underwent curative resection at Nara Medical University hospital between 2000 and 2016 were analyzed.Results: There were 110 patients with stage II, 100 patients with stage III, and 106 patients with liver metastasis. After propensity matching, 28 pairs with stage II and 32 pairs with stage III were identified. In the patients with stage II, overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were not significantly different for right- and left-sided colon cancers. In the patients with stage III, OS and RFS were significantly worse in right-sided colon cancer. In those with liver metastasis, OS of right-sided colon cancer was significantly worse than left-sided disease, while RFS was similar. Regarding metachronous liver metastasis, the difference was observed only in the patients whose primary colon cancer was stage III. In each stage, significantly higher rate of peritoneal recurrence was found in those with right-sided colon cancer.Conclusion: Sidedness of colon cancer had a significant and varied prognostic impact in patients with stage II, III, and liver metastasis after curative resection.
Investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of polymeric materials after blanks surface deformation
Authors: Erenkov O. Yu. , Isaev S. P. , Lopushanskiy I. Ya.
Published: September 2020

The results of an experimental study of the eﬀect of surface deformation of polymeric materials, both as an individual operation and in combination with subsequent turning of workpieces, on some of operational characteristics of these materials are presented. It is experimentally proved that preliminary surface deformation does not reduce the performance of polymeric materials.
On the Impossibility of Intellectual Property
Authors: Wiśniewski Jakub
Published: September 2020

The concept of intellectual property (IP) has been variously criticized as incompatible with natural rights and detrimental to the dissemination of innovations. In this paper I argue that it can be criticized on an even more fundamental level—namely as a praxeological impossibility. More specifically, it is suggested that since ideas are not economic goods, but preconditions of action, and since physical goods transformed by ideas become as heterogeneous (and thus as intellectually unique) as the individuals who enact such transformations, no economic goods can be meaningfully designated as appropriable in virtue of embodying the objectively definable value of one’s intellectual labor. In view of the above, I subsequently suggest that IP protection laws constitute an exceptionally arbitrary and thus exceptionally disruptive form of interventionism directed against the very essence of the entrepreneurial market process.
Ecologística: Estrategia basada en las 5Rs para la satisfacción de necesidades
Authors: Posada-Joven Elvia
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la ecologística como estrategia basada en las 5Rs para la satisfacción de necesidades. La fundamentación teórica fue de Flavio (2018), Unesco (2017) Manjarres y Chirino (2020), Chirino (2018), Severiche & Acevedo (2013), entre otros. La investigación fue documental, orientada a evaluar las estrategias empleadas por la ecologistica conocida también como logística inversa o logística verde, dentro de la cadena de suministro. El resultado del estudio arguye que la ecologística como estrategia basada en las 5Rs para la satisfacción de necesidades, debe propender a diseñar e implementar un modelo logístico que coadyuve a impulsar una cadena de logística integral para el manejo de residuos orgánicos producidos en los sectores de bajos recursos, que permitan el mejoramiento socio económico en comunidades vulnerables.
Rural Education and Election Candidates: Three Questions
Authors: Brenner Devon , Biddle Catharine , McHenry-Sorber Erin
Published: September 2020

This issue's policy brief suggests that it is important to evaluate election candidates' platforms and views about rural education and rural communities.
PREEMPTIVE ANALGESIA WITH AMITRIPTYLINE IN WOMEN UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL
HYSTERECTOMY: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: De França Neto Antônio Henriques , Nóbrega Marinho Alexandre Magno , De Arruda Agra Eveline Pereira , Alves Priscilla Guimarães , Costa Brito Josikwylkson , De Amorim Melania Maria Ramos
Published: September 2020

The concept of preemptive analgesia, albeit long-standing, has reemerged. Consequently, recent research has focused on testing a variety of drugs preoperatively to prevent the occurrence of postoperative pain, a major factor of morbidity. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant used to treat chronic pain. Because
amitriptyline acts on pain transmission pathways, it could theoretically be used as an agent for the prevention of postoperative pain. This study evaluated the effectiveness of amitriptyline in preventing pain in patients submitted to hysterectomy, the most
commonly performed gynecological surgery. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted with 145 patients, 72 of these receiving amitriptyline and 73 placebo. All patients were evaluated at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after surgery using a visual
analog scale (VAS) for pain and algometry to determine the pressure-pain threshold. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test of association, Student's t-test, and the Mann-Whitney test, with Fisher's exact test being used whenever
appropriate. No statistically signicant difference was found between the two groups with respect to pain at any of the time points evaluated, leading to the conclusion that at a dose of 25 mg, amitriptyline is ineffective in preventing postoperative pain
in patients submitted to abdominal hysterectomy
The potential of synthetic small interfering RNA-based antiviral drugs for influenza treatment
Authors: Pashkov E. A. , Faizuloev E. B. , Svitich O. A. , Sergeev O. V. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2020

Influenza is a worldwide public health problem. Annually, this infection affects up to 15% of the world population; and about half a million people die from this disease every year. Moreover, influenza A and B viruses tend to garner most of the attention, as these types are a major cause of the epidemics and pandemics. Although the influenza virus primarily affects the respiratory tract, it may also affect the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Several antiviral drugs, that target various stages of viral reproduction, have been considered effective for the treatment and prevention of influenza, but some virus strains become resistant to these medications. Thus, new strategies and techniques should be developed to overcome the antiviral drug resistance. Recent studies suggest that new drugs based on RNA interference (RNAi) appear to be a promising therapeutic approach that regulates the activity of viral or cellular genes. As it is known, the RNAi is a eukaryotic gene regulatory mechanism that can be triggered by a foreign double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and results in the cleavage of the target messenger RNA (mRNA). This review discusses the prospects, advantages, and disadvantages of using RNAi in carrying out a specific treatment for influenza infection. However, some viruses confer resistance to small interfering RNAs (siRNA) targeting viral genes. This problem can significantly reduce the effectiveness of RNAi. Therefore, applying siRNAs targeting host cell factors required for influenza virus reproduction can be a way to overcome the antiviral drug resistance.
Epstein-Barr virus (Herpesviridae: Gammaherpesvirinae: Lymphocryptovirus: Human gammaherpesvirus 4): replication strategies
Authors: Yakushina S. A. , Kisteneva L. B.
Published: September 2020

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the most common in the human population, is capable of lifelong persistence in resting memory B-cells, in T-cells in case of type 2 EBV, and in some undifferentiated epithelial cells. In most people, EBV persistence is not accompanied by significant symptoms, but frequent virus activations are associated with the increased risks of severe diseases, such as chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, gastric and nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and a variety of T- and B-cell lymphomas. Therefore, the molecular viral and host cell processes during asymptomatic or low-symptom EBV persistence are of great interest. This review describes the behavior of the viral DNA in an infected cell and the forms of its existence (linear, circular episome, chromosomally integrated forms), as well as methods of EBV genome copying. Two closely related cycles of viral reproduction are considered. Lytic activation is unfavorable for the survival of a particular viral genome in the cell, and may be a result of differentiation of a latently infected cell, or the arrival of stress signals due to adverse extracellular conditions. The EBV has a large number of adaptive mechanisms for limiting lytic reactivation and reducing hostility of host immune cells. Understanding the molecular aspects of EBV persistence will help in the future develop more effective targeted drugs for the treatment of both viral infection and associated diseases.
LoRa-IoT Focused System of Defense for Equipped Troops [LIFE]
Authors: Shree Gowri Santhosh .V  , Vishal .E  , Vishak .R  , Dr. K. Rahimunnisa
Published: September 2020

National security is the capacity of a nation to mobilize military forces to guarantee its borders and successfully defend against physical threats including military aggression and attacks by enemy troops. Every country lives peacefully as soldiers perform their duties. Furthermore, soldiers safeguard’s the honor of their country. Military communication plays an important role in nation’s warfare. Military communication concerns with transmission of every information from reconnaissance as well as other groups in contact with opposition. There are several issues with respect to soldiers’ safety. Whenever any soldier crosses the enemy lines, it is really essential for base station to identify the position and health condition of all the soldiers. This paper presents an idea of monitoring the soldier and also testing every soldier's health condition which helps army personnel to schedule the responsive operations. This paper includes an opportunity to map the positions and record the safety of the soldiers who get lost and wounded on the front line in real time. The data from sensors and GPS module will be transmitted wirelessly utilizing the soldiers’ LoRa kit. The data gathered will be uploaded to the cloud for further statistical analysis. Upon receiving the health status of soldiers, the army officials can keep track of every soldier. Our proposed system allows army personnel at bivouac to track the current GPS position of every battalion and also checks the vitals such as body temperature, blood pressure, ECG, SpO2 of soldiers. It also consists an extra feature with the help of that soldier can ask for help manually by pressing an alert switch to inform the army personnel at bivouac if he is in need or may have sensed the enemy intrusion.
Análise do custo de ciclo de vida do tratamento e destinação final do lodo e biogás, provenientes de ETE que emprega reatores do tipo UASB
Authors: Guedes Cubas do Amaral Karina , Mansur Aisse Miguel , Collere Possetti Gustavo Rafael
Published: September 2020

A Análise do Custo do Ciclo de Vida (ACCV) auxilia na verificação dos custos existentes em cada etapa de ciclo de vida de um determinado produto, ajudando no reconhecimento de gastos com aquisição, operação, manutenção, transporte e disposição final. Reatores Anaeróbios de Fluxo Ascendente em Manto de Lodo (UASB), usados em Estações de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETEs), geram dois subprodutos que podem ser utilizados: lodo e biogás. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a análise do custo do ciclo de vida de quatro diferentes cenários de tratamento e destinação final do lodo e biogás. A unidade funcional utilizada foi o tratamento e o gerenciamento dos subprodutos, ao tratar 1 m3 de esgoto doméstico. O cenário base, lodo sendo higienizado por meio da estabilização alcalina prolongada e destinado para agricultura, é o cenário com o menor custo do ciclo de vida. O alto custo dos cenários 1, secagem térmica do lodo utilizando o biogás, e cenários 2 e 3, utilização do calor da combustão do lodo, deve-se ao valor de aquisição do equipamento para a secagem do lodo, representando 56% do total, incluindo-se custos de implantação e operação. O cenário 3 previu o aterro sanitário como destinação final das cinzas da combustão do lodo.
Palavras-chave: ACCV. Estabilização alcalina prolongada. Reatores anaeróbios. Secador térmico de lodo. Uso agrícola do lodo.
High-resolution hindcasts for U.S. wave energy resource characterization
Authors: Yang Zhaoqing , Neary Vincent S.
Published: September 2020

The marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) industry is at an early stage of development and has the potential to play a significant role in diversifying the U.S. energy portfolio and reducing the U.S. carbon footprint. Wave energy is the largest among all the U.S. MHK energy resources, which include wave energy, ocean current, tidal-instream, ocean thermal energy conversion, and river-instream. Wave resource characterization is an essential step for regional wave energy assessments, Wave Energy Converter (WEC) project development, site selection and WEC design. The present paper provides an overview of a joint modelling effort by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories on high-resolution wave hindcasts to support the U.S. Department of Energy’s Water Power Technologies Office’s program of wave resource characterization, assessment and classifications in all US coastal regions. Topics covered include the modelling approach, model input requirements, model validation strategies, high performance computing resource requirements, model outputs and data management strategies. Examples of model setup and validation for different regions are provided along with application to development of classification systems, and analysis of regional wave climates. Lessons learned and technical challenges of the long-term, high-resolution regional wave hindcast are discussed.
UNDERSTANDING CHINESE KĀI AND GUĀN WHEN REMINDING PEOPLE TO SWITCH MOBILE MODE
Authors: Wang Chunying
Published: September 2020

This study investigates why people identically understand both Mandarin expressions 請將手機開震動/qǐng jiāng shǒu jī kāi zhèn dòng and請將手機關震動/qǐng jiāng shǒu jī guān zhèn dòng, which both mean please set your phone to vibrate. Four perspectives can be employed to explain. Firstly, the embodiments or imageries of 開/kāi/open and關/guān/close function in the expressions. However, only examining both expressions via imageries is insufficient to explain all the aspects. Relevance theory and the figure and ground relationship influence people’s selection of the expressions because the focus is different. Finally, people may directly connect the two actions kāi and guān to a single action, 按/àn/press, because of the development of touchscreen technology. Therefore, kāi and guān become similar under the context of reminding people to change their mobile into silent or vibration mode because no matter which expression is heard, the only action people have to do is to press or touch a specific icon on their smartphones.
HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING OF STATE CIVIL SERVANTS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Litvinenko N. K.
Published: September 2020

The article examines the historical aspects of the professional training of civil servants in Russia. It is shown that the effectiveness of the functioning of the civil service institution largely depends on the quality of vocational training of civil servants. The historiography of vocational training of civil servants in Russia from the 9th to the 19th century is given. The study used the narrative and systemic methods. The article dwells upon the educational institutions that trained civil servants, the studied academic disciplines, and the examinations that students and graduates had to pass. It is noted that the application and reinterpretation of the pedagogical practices of the past, taking into account modern developments, can be instrumental in building an educational system for professional training of civil servants.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBENTUKAN KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN PRODUSEN KERUPUK KEMPLANG DI DESA MERANJAT II KECAMATAN INDRALAYA SELATAN KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR
Authors: Januarti Indri
Published: September 2020

Sebagian besar penduduk di Desa Meranjat II Kecamatan Inderalaya Selatan Kabupaten Ogan Ilir memiliki usaha membuat kerupuk kemplang. Berbagai upaya pengembangan usaha kerupuk kemplang yang dilakukan oleh produsen masih mendapat hambatan keterbatasan modal. Untuk menjaga agar produksi kerupuk kemplang kontinyu dan terus berkembang, dibutuhkan suatu lembaga yang mampu menyediakan modal dan membantu memperluas jaringan pemasaran hasil produksi dengan harga yang lebih menguntungkan produsen, yaitu koperasi simpan pinjam. Oleh karena itulah, Tim Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Unsri tahun 2018 akan mengadakan kegiatan dan program “Pendampingan pembentukan koperasi simpan pinjam sebagai upaya peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan produsen kerupuk kemplang di Desa Meranjat II Kecamatan Inderalaya Selatan Kabupaten Ogan Ilir”. Adapun yang menjadi Khalayak sasaran adalah produsen kerupuk kemplang di Desa Meranjat II berjumlah 20 (dua puluh) orang.Kegiatan pendampingan pembentukan koperasi simpan pinjam produsen kerupuk kemplang yang diberi nama “Putri Usang Rimau” di Desa Meranjat II dilakukan secara bertahap, dimana tempat pelaksanaannya di rumah salah satu anggota koperasi dan di kantor notaris pada saat penanda tanganan akta pendirian koperasi. Adapun peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan pendampingan ini sebanyak 20 orang khalayak sasaran atau anggota koperasi, Badan pengawas koperasi, kepala dusun, kepala desa, Dinas Koperasi, Dosen Unsri Tim PPM 2018 dan Mahasiswa Program Studi Agribisnis.Respon dari khalayak sasaran dari kegiatan pendampingan ini sangat baik sekali. Hal ini terlihat dari antusiasme mereka untuk datang pada setiap kegiatan pendampingan dan penyuluhan pembentukan koperasi, misalnya pada kegiatan rapat pembentukan koperasi. Selain itu, antusiasme juga terlihat pada saat penyuluhan mengenai pentingnya koperasi. Dari hasil evaluasi, khalayak sasaran berhasil mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya koperasi. Dari kegiatan PPM Unsri tahun 2018 ini, telah terbentuk koperasi simpan pinjam yang berbadan hukum beranggotakan produsen kerupuk kemplang di Desa Meranjat II. Akan tetapi, dikhawatirkan akan ada permasalahan di masa yang akan datang, mengenai keaktifan dari para anggota dan pengurus koperasi. Dengan adanya koperasi berbadan hukum ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi keterbatasan modal para produsen kerupuk kemplang sehingga mereka dapat meningkatkan produksinya, yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan pendapatan mereka. Selain itu, lembaga ini diharapkan dapat mengakses pinjaman modal yang lebih luas lagi serta berkesempatan besar untuk mendapatkan bantuan dan pembinaan lebih lanjut dari pemerintah, khususnya dari Dinas Koperasi.
Model based irrigation water application of maize (zeamays l.) to improve water productivity in irrigated agriculture
Authors:   Ashebir Haile Tefera and Abdul Hasib Halimi
Published: September 2020

Under the semiarid and arid climate of Eastern Europe, accurate estimation of crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling is important for water management and planning. The objectives of this study were to estimate maize water requirement and irrigation scheduling in variable climatic conditions. CROPWAT model is decision support system developed by United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and it is used as a practical tool to carry out standard calculations for reference evapotranspiration, crop water requirements, irrigation scheduling, and also allows helps in planning and decision making in the areas where water resource availability is varying and scarce. The study result indicated that Maize seasonal amounts of irrigation requirements varied from 439.5 to 615.0 mm. Maize actual daily evapotranspiration (ETa) varied from 0.12 to 4.13 mm and from 0.27 to 4.68 mm in 2010 and 2011 respectively. Net irrigation schedule for all growing periods in 2010 was zero for initial and late but for development 138.9 mm and 45.9 mm for mid-stage of the growing period. However, 2011 were zero, 83.7 mm, 178 mm, and 98.2 mm in initial, mid, and development and late stages respectively. Besides in the study area, 2010 was the wettest year but 2011 was determined as the driest year this may cause adverse conditions on maize crop yields quantity and quality. Irrigation requirements for maize should be adjusted to the local meteorological conditions for optimizing maize irrigation requirements and improving maize water productivity under such climatic variable conditions.
Exploring the development of humble leaders in the context of agriculture
Authors: Council Austin , Sowcik Matthew
Published: September 2020

The complexity of the world today requires leadership that is interconnected rather than self-serving. This is particularly important within the context of agriculture, a field at the forefront of the complex problems associated with the impact of climate change. In recent years, the role virtues play in effective leadership has gained a significant amount of attention. One particular virtue that has seen increased attention in the leadership research is humility. Humility has been identified as a way to counteract the negative outcomes of self-serving leadership, namely, unethical practices and leader narcissism. Over the past several decades, researchers and scholars have begun to shed light on the many benefits this elusive virtue brings to leadership, however, many questions remain, notably, “How do humble leaders develop their leadership?” The present qualitative study found that humble agriculture leaders develop their leadership style through (a) the development of strong personal values, (b) investments in human and social capital, and (c) supportive feedback. The findings from this research provide recommendations for agricultural leadership educators to consider when building leadership programs that have the goal of developing humble leaders ready to address complex problems in the context of agriculture and natural resources.
CRITICAL LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR PLATE CONSIDERING SHEAR DEFORMATION EFFECT
Authors: Onyeka F. C.
Published: September 2020

This work present flexural analysis of rectangular plate subjected to uniform distributed transverse loads using displacement and third-order shear deformation theory. The aim of this study is to establish the formula’s for calculation of the critical lateral imposed load of the plate before deflection reaches the specified maximum specified limit q𝑖𝑤 and critical lateral imposed load before plate reaches an elastic yield point q𝑖𝑝. The essence is to ensure that deflection does not exceed specified maximum limit and the plate shear not exceeding the elastic yielding point. Furthermore, this approach overcomes the challenges of the conventional practice in the structural analysis/design which involves checking of deflection and shear; the process which is proved unreliable. Total potential energy equation of a thick plate was formulated from the static elastic theory of the plate. The formulated potential energy was in the same way used by the method of direct variation to obtain the coefficient of deflection and shear deformation. This expression was applied to solve bending problem of two different types of rectangular thick plates. The plates has one edge clamped and other three edges simply supported (CSSS). From the result obtained in this work among the two types of plate, it is observed that the value of q𝑖𝑝 if greater than that of q𝑖𝑤. It can be said that the failure of plate in q𝑖𝑤 is like a warning requesting maintenance whereas failure in q𝑖𝑝 means total failure and cannot be maintained. Hence, failure in deflection (q𝑖𝑤) is seen in the plate into consideration. The numerical analysis obtained, it is found that if the value of critical lateral imposed load (q𝑖𝑤 and q𝑖𝑝) increase as the specified thickness (t) of plate increases and decrease as the length to width ratio increases. This implies that as we increase the thickness and allowable deflection improve the safety in the plate, whereas an increase in the span (length) of the plate increases the failure tendency of the plate structure. Furthermore, effects of aspect ratio of the critical lateral load of isotropic plates are investigated and discussed. It is concluded that the values of critical lateral load obtained by this theory achieve accepted transverse shear stress to the thickness of plate variation and satisfied the transverse flexibility of the condition of the plate while predicting the be characteristics for the CSSS isotropic rectangular thin or thick plate.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme Regarding Selected Yoga Techniques to Relieve Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Adolescent Girls of Selected High School at Bangalore
Authors: (Gautam) Nitu kumari singh , Paudyal Laxmi
Published: September 2020

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a challenging problem as the psychological changes which occur in adolescent period are much more stressful and complex. Premenstrual syndrome also known as premenstrual tension (PMT) is a collection of emotional symptoms, with or without physical symptoms, related to menstrual cycle of girls. Menstruation is a normal physiological cycle or process in all females of the reproductive age group. However some women, girls feel or affected by menstrual problem. Among those, PMS is one of the disorder and it is mainly due to hormonal imbalance in the body. Yoga which helps to harmonize the mind and breath with the body through various breathing techniques, yoga posture (asanas) and meditation which also helps in relieving pain. Yoga, tailored to chronic low back pain which helps to produce significant reduction in pain and depression. Several yoga poses helps to ease PMS and also help the mind and body to adapt with stress, anxiety and depression making to feel relaxed and calm, as well as enabling us to cope with psychological symptoms of PMS. The study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme (STP) regarding selected yoga techniques to relieve the symptoms of PMS among adolescent girls. Researcher adopted an evaluatory approach with pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design in the study. Self- structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge among adolescent girls regarding selected yoga technique to relieve the symptoms of PMS. Split half method was used to check the Reliability of the Tool and the tool was found reliable ( r= 0.88). probability simple random sampling techniques was used to select 100 adolescent girls from 3 high school. Findings revealed that the post-test knowledge score (26.49±2.48) was higher than pre-test knowledge score (10.25±2.46). The calculated ‘t’value in knowledge (51.34 p<0.05). The study found significant association between knowledge and demographical variables. Study concludes that structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding Yoga techniques to relieve the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
A Phenomenological Study of th Passers and NonPassers in the Licensure Examination for Teachers
Authors: S Binayao, Bernadette , I. Dales, Zita
Published: September 2020

The delivery of quality education is gauge with the performance of the graduates in the licensure examination. In the field of education, the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) is a tool which assesses the preparedness of teacher education graduate to practice the profession. This study explored the lived experiences of the passers and non-passers in the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) of the Bukidnon State University education graduates from the main campus, external centers, and the Certificate of Teaching who took the professional education units during the years 2016-2018. The experiences of the LET-takers with the internal stakeholders and external stakeholders were disclosed. The qualitative phenomenological descriptive method of Creswell (2013) was used in this study. Interviews and focus group discussion were conducted to gather the data and analyzed using Colaizzi (1978) as cited by Morrow and King (2015). The total participants of the study were the 36 LET-takers comprised the 18 passers and 18 nonpassers with two (2) sampled participants from each group. There were six (6) emergent themes transpired from the experiences of the passers and non-passers in LET with the internal stakeholders and the external stakeholders. These were engaging to self-directed undertakings; demonstrating teaching credibility; institutional commitment for quality education; imparting kin-based social support; exhibiting capability and quality; and extending non-kin based social support. An intervention plan to address the areas of concern of the non-passers was designed.
Stock Market Reaction LQ 45 for Indonesia's 2019
Authors: Sukarno Yohannes , Mustafa Matrodji H.
Published: September 2020

This study aims to examine the stock market reaction of lq 45 to the 2019 presidential and vice presidential elections. The sample used is LQ 45 shares listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019. The number of samples in this study is as many as 10 issuers. The study used a paired sample t test analysis by testing actual return and expected (normal) return to determine whether or not it was abnormal during the 2019 presidential and vice presidential elections. The results of this study show that it does not have a significant impact between the return market to the stock retun.
A Study on Bioadsorption of Synthetic Dye Using Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaves
Authors: Vichare Manasee , Masali Prashant
Published: September 2020

Guava (Psidium guajava, white Indian) is common fruit bearing plant found throughout the Indian peninsula. It is said to be native to Mexico and Southern America and now can be found in many of the Asian countries. It is grown in tropical and sub-tropical region around the world. Guava leaves have shown many properties like antibacterial, bioadsorbent, etc. The bioadsorbent property can be exploited to remove coloured residues from water bodies. Problems like water pollution have arisen due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Various harmful dyes like Coomassie brilliant blue, used in both textile industries and laboratories, are expelled into water bodies. To reduce the effects of such dye on ecology the research was carried out using guava leaves as bioadsorbent. That being the case the Coomassie brilliant blue solution at different pH was treated with guava leaf powder and the decrease in absorbance was noted at 625 nm. The Guava leaves were obtained from Mumbai suburban. The leaves were dried and powdered for further testing as bioadsorbent. All the chemicals have been used were of analytical grade. The study showed high absorption rate in acidic medium as the colour changed from dark blue to light blue. The optimum pH for bio-adsorption was found to be 3. As the amount of guava leaf powder increased, the rate of adsorption also increased. Guava leaf powder is effective as a bioadsorption as rate of adsorption increases with increase in guava leaf powder. With further optimization it can become potential source of adsorbent.
The Influence of Knowledge, Attitudes and Work Motivation on Nurse Performance through Caring in Prevention of Nosocomial Infection in the Inpatient Room of the Makassar City Hospital
Authors: . Nirmawati , Modding Basri , Serang Serlin , Arfah Aryati
Published: September 2020

This research was conducted to analyze the influence of Knowledge, Attitudes and Work Motivation on Nurse Caring and the performance of nurses in the Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in the Inpatient Room of Makassar City Hospital, to analyze the effect of caring nurses on nurse performance, to analyze the influence of Knowledge, Attitudes and Work Motivation through Caring the performance of nurses in the Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in the Inpatient Room of the Makassar City Hospital. This study used a quantitative approach using primary data through a questionnaire of 200 respondents. The study was conducted in July 2019. Data were analyzed using the SEM AMOS program. The results of this study indicate that: Nurses' knowledge has a negative and significant effect on nurse caring, Nurses' attitudes have a positive and significant effect on nurse caring, Nurses' work motivation has a positive and insignificant effect on nurse caring, Nurses' knowledge has a positive and significant effect on nurse performance, Nurses' attitudes It has a negative and insignificant effect on the performance of nurses, the work motivation of nurses has a negative and significant effect on the performance of nurses, Caring of nurses has a positive and significant effect on the performance of nurses, knowledge of nurses has a negative and significant effect on performance through caring, Nurses' attitudes have a significant effect on the performance of nurses through caring. The work motivation of nurses has no significant effect on the performance of nurses through caring.