bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fukuyama's End Of History Thesis: Are Western Marketing Theories The End Point Of Marketing Theory Evolution?
Authors: Sutton-Brady Catherine , Voola Ranjit , Yuksel Ulku
Published: March 2016

This paper is an exploratory literature review of western management and marketing philosophies which are increasingly dominating the theory and practice across the world. Applying Fukuyama’s argument that western liberal democracy is the end point of political history to management and marketing philosophies, this paper examines whether western marketing and management theories are the final outcome of marketing and management evolution that can be universally accepted and practiced. A review of the current literature relating to the globalization debate suggests that globalization recognizes both the differences and the similarities in countries that should be taken into account in appropriately approaching business across borders. Since developing countries have differing socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, this reality provides a justification for investigating whether western marketing and management philosophies are deemed appropriate in the context of developing countries. An examination of the trends in developing countries, such as India and China, in the development and application of indigenous management theories provides a basis for arguing that western marketing and management philosophies may not be the final point of marketing and management evolution in some developing countries. Several research questions are raised in this paper for further exploration and it aims to stimulate debate on the current state of marketing theory evolution.
Top management commitment for successful small and medium-enterprises(SMEs): A hoax or a reality?
Authors: Caroline Ndiritu , Harriet Kidombo , Anne Ndiritu
Published: March 2016

The role of small and medium enterprises in any country’s economic development cannot be under estimated. It is important for all countries especially the developing ones to note that the key to having a sustained development is to improve the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This ensures economic growth is inclusive of all people. The success of these enterprises should be the concern of all governments that are interested in not only alleviating poverty as a major threat to sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of top management commitment as a Total Quality Management (TQM) practice on performance of small and medium enterprises. The study concentrated on youth group projects in Kajiado north sub county, Kajiado County, Kenya. Youth projects were randomly selected from Kajiado north sub-county, in five wards. The study used mixed method approach in the data collection and analysis, to capture both the qualitative and quantitative data. The design is descriptive. The target population was 210 youth that were involved in youth group projects. Spearman’s correlation was used to test the relationship between the variables. The analyses indicated that there is significant relationship between top management and performance.
The Relationship Between Dividend Payments And Firm Performance: A Study Of Listed Companies In Morocco
Authors: M’rabet Rachid , Boujjat Wiame
Published: March 2016

Many theories have been documented on the relevance and irrelevance of dividend policy. Authors continue to come up with various conclusions with regard to dividend policy from their empirical studies. This paper sought to examine the relationship between dividend policies and financial performance of selected listed firms in Morocco. Data were sourced through secondary means from the annual reports of the sampled quoted firms and was analyzed using panel data regression model. Two models were developed in an attempt to provide a theoretical explanation on the birds-in-hand dividend relevance theory and the Modigliani and Miller’s (MM) dividend irrelevance theory. The findings indicated that Dividend policy is an important factor affecting firm performance. Their relationship was also strong and positive. This therefore showed that dividend policy was relevant. It can be concluded, based on the findings of this research that dividend policy is relevant and that managers should devote adequate time in designing a dividend policy that will enhance firm performance and therefore shareholder value. Management of companies should also invest in projects that give positive Net Present Values, thereby generating huge earnings, which can be partly used to pay dividends to their equity shareholders.
Pressions Anthropiques Et Dynamique D’occupation Des Terres Dans Le Terroir De Ziguéna, Zone Cotonnière Du Mali
Authors: Ballo Abdou , Traoré Souleymane Sidi , Coulibaly Baba , Diakité Cheick Hamalla , Diawara Moriké , Traoré Alou , Dembélé Sidi
Published: March 2016

In Ziguéna terroir, the combined effects of drought and anthropogenic actions led to the widespread degradation of vegetation cover and of land. This work aimed at characterizing the dynamics of land use and land cover in relation to anthropogenic pressures in Ziguéna terroir. The methodology consisted in identifying and characterizing land use and land cover classes. Landsat images for the years 1986 and 2013 and population data for the years 1987, 1998 and 2009 were used. Visual interpretation of the images and post-classification comparison of the results were used to generate land use and land cover classes and calculate their rate of change. The results reveal that the natural vegetation has lost 55% of its original coverage (1514.3 ha) between 1987 and 2013. During the same period, the agricultural area increased by 47% (1608 ha). The projection of land use and land cover classes predicted an increase of agricultural land of about 34.60% by year 2030 compared to its coverage of year 2013 (+1191.03 ha) at the expense of natural vegetation which will lose about 40.63% of its coverage (-1121.70 ha). The dynamics of agricultural land is strongly linked to population growth rates with a correlation coefficient r equal to 0.99. This confirms a strong anthropogenic influence on land use and land cover dynamics. The results show the usefulness of remote sensing for mapping land use and land cover. Nevertheless it would be interesting to take into account the socioeconomic aspects for proper understanding of the dynamics.
Migraine and Gallbladder Motility
Authors: Doina Georgescu , Oana Ancusa , Liviu-Andrei Georgescu , Daniela Reisz
Published: March 2016

Introduction Five (5) hydroxitryptamine (5-HT) selective receptor agonists (triptans) were reported to have gastric motor effects. However, less is known about their role on gallbladder (GB) motility. Aim: Assessment of GB motility in patients treated with orodispersable triptans for migraine’s attacks. Patients and Methods: Out of 112 patients with various forms of migraine who required triptans while having headache attacks, followed-up in our ambulatory service, we have selected 30 patients diagnosed with mild to moderate migraine. These patients include: 15 with aura (3 men, 12 women, mean age=41,8±16,42 years) and 15 without aura (2 men, 13 women, mean age=47,73±18,50 years). Consequently, they had an ejection fraction (EF) of GB which is less than 60% (previously measured in intercritic period by elipsoid ultrasound Dodds method). Furthermore, no record of prokinetic or proton pump inhibitor treatments, gastric surgery, gallstones, collagen or thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiac, liver, kidney failure or cancer disease was recorded. The measurements of the GB were made while having a migraine attack, before and in every 15 minutes till 90 minutes. This was after receiving 5 mg of orodispersable zolmitriptan. Results: There are no statistical significant difference between initially EF of the two groups (p=0,8190). Patients with migraine with aura showed a mean EF=42,53±4,31% before therapy. After therapy, the mean EF improved significantly: 48,80±3,23% (p=0,0001). Patients having migraine without aura displayed an initially mean EF=42,53±3,27%. In addition, they had a very statistically significant response to therapy with important improvement of EF to 61,47±7,07% (p<0,0001). Conclusions: 5HT selective receptor agonists increased GB motility, in migraine attacks with a response above the cut-off range of EF, in patients having migraine without aura.
L’érosion De La Falaise De Sidi Bouzid (Côte Atlantique Marocaine) : Quantification Et Évolution Spatio-Temporelle
Authors: Khouaja Soukaina , Ouadia Mohamed , Mourabiti Imane , Irzan El Mehdi
Published: March 2016

The study of the coastal cliff "F1" of Sidi Bouzid shows that it is discontinuous, high, complex and very exposed to the marine dynamics. It is subdivided into two sectors in total, consisting of five zones. A second small cliff "F2" is visible, at the foot of F1 during the storms. These two cliffs bear witness to an oscillation of sea level during the Recent Quaternary. This work shows also a clear close relationship between the quantity and the quality of the blocks, on the one hand, and the nature of the fairly limited space on which have accumulated on the other hand. At the stratigraphic level, the cliff in the Northeast sector is characterized by alternating beds of limestone and Cretaceous Marly levels with evidence of tectonic activity. In the Southwest, Quaternary is dominated by mainly continental deposits, with caliches, overcoming the Cretaceous limestones. The block settings are variable and influenced by the height of the cliff. The degree of fragmentation of blocks during their fall affects their shape: elongated (zone V) because little fragile joints and resistance as well as thick banks of limestone or less elongated because hardness of the platform and fragile joints (zone I). Reflecting that blocks inherit, their form of the morphology, structure and lithological nature of the formations that make up. Quantitatively, the number, density and the volume of blocks are variable and proportional but important (I and V zones) of active erosion due to exposure of the cliff to the marine dynamics. However, the number and low density with the high volume of blocks (zone III) reflect indurated and lithological nature (caliches) but less rich in joints of Quaternary deposits On the indices of the blocks, they show little variation but a slight peculiarity of zone V (extended blocks). The layout of blocks shows a difference between blocks of the Northeast and the Southwest sector due to the different orientation of the cliffs but also the turn and the onslaught of the waves in zone III. This study also shows a clear decrease in the cliff and the risk that it is requiring for its protection.
Antibacterial And Antifungal Effect Of Some Natural Extracts And Their Potential Use As Photosensitizers
Authors: Al-fawwaz Abdullah T. , Al-Khaza'leh Khaled A.
Published: March 2016

One of the threats on the health sector is the appearance of multi antibiotic resistant microorganisms. Thus, this occurs because of using natural and synthetic antimicrobial agents in excessive doses. Now, many scientists all around the world are performing research on natural extracts that have antimicrobial activity using photodynamic therapy (PDT) which involves light activation. The aim of this study, however, is to evaluate the effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy using extracts from Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), and Nigella or black cumin oil (Nigella sativa) against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) respectively; and three different fungi (Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp., and Rhizopus sp.), using agar well diffusion method. The prepared methanolic extracts presented absorption between 300 and –900 nm wavelengths. The maximum activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) was against Staphylococcus aureus in total darkness with 52.5 ± 2.5 mm inhibition zone diameter. Also, the most sensitive fungi was Mucor sp. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) extract was with 31.0 ± 1.0 mm inhibition zone diameters. The results showed that there was an inhibitory effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) extracts against most of the tested species.
Etude De La Contamination Par Les Métaux Lourds Des Eaux Et Des Sédiments Au Voisinage De La Mine De Tighza (Maroc Central Oriental)
Authors: Hassani Farah El , Boushaba Abdellah , Raïs Noureddine , Benaabidate Lahcen
Published: March 2016

The analyses performed on four stations upstream and eight downstream of the Tighzamine (Jebel Aouam) were carried out to assess the contamination degree from tailings discharges. From the standpoint of water and soil qualities, concentrations of trace and major elements (TME), including Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn which concentrations (µgL-1 ) reach respectively 82, 49918, 669, 36858 in water samples and 443, 161, 23607, 19459 in sediments, exceed greatly, in the vicinity of the mine, the international standards. Depending on the TME analyzes, all downstream stations shows different degrees of contamination, whereas it is less or absent at the upstream stations. Downstream stations thus require water and soil treatment, since the contents TME are quite large and clearly present a danger not only in the surrounding environment for population, fauna and flora, but also over long distances especially as the waters of Tighza river flow into the oued Bouregreg and thus reach the Sidi Mohammed ben Abdellah Dam (Rabat) which is used as drinking water for urban consumption. It is therefore imperative to treat these waters, so that they become drinkable and avoid bad impacts to the population.
Evaluation De La Diversité Et Estimation De La Biomasse Aérienne Des Arbres Du Jardin Botanique De Bingerville (District d’Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Oulaïtar Monssou Eugène , Aimé Vroh Bi Tra , Bertin Goné Bi Zoro , Yves Adou Yao Constant , Edouard N’Guessan Kouakou
Published: March 2016

The Bingerville Botanical Garden is an urban green space which can contribute to the quality of the living environment and to attractivity of tourists in Abidjan city. Its floristic diversity and socio-economic and ecological benefits remain still unknown. The present study was conducted to assess botanical species diversity and the reduction of CO2 emissions in this space. Trees species with dbh ≥ 10 cm were recorded in 41 plots of 500 m² surveyed in four types of biotopes: two arboretums with 20 and 100 years old, one secondary forest with more than 100 years and a fallow of 20 years old. Floristic indices and aboveground biomass (AGB) were determined for each biotope. A total of 742 trees with dbh ≥ 10 were counted: 127 species. Preponderance species are Cassia siamea, Terminalia mantaly, Milicia excelsa and Ceiba pentandra in arboretums, Pentadesma butyracea and Acacia mangium in the secondary forest, Ficus exasperata and Borassus aethiopum in the fallow. Arboretums are richest (96 species), and they have more AGB (566.7 t/ha). The secondary forest has 71 species with an aboveground equal to 381.4 t/ha. The fallow is less rich (13 species) with an AGB of 21 t/ha. This study has shown the importance of Bingerville Botanical Garden in plant and fighting against climate change.
Effet De Fumures Minérales Sur Le Rendement Et La Qualité Organoleptique Du Manioc (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Dans La Zone De Savane Au Centre-Sud De Centrafrique
Authors: Ballot Christiant Simplice Armand , Semballa Silla , Atakpama Wouyo , Yangakola Tatiana Maryse , Bo-Mbi Arnaud Doubro , Blavet Didier , Zinga Innocent , Wala Kpérkouma , Batawila Kolman , Akpagana Koffi
Published: March 2016

Aims - The farming intensification in Sub-Saharan Africa induced soil fertility and crop yields depletion such as cassava, a main food and an important source of income of farmers in Central Africa Republic. To transcend the soil fertility depletion and improve cassava yield, LaSBAD has initiate a study focused on the mineral fertilizers of cassava crops. Methods - Four types of fertilizer were tested: the urea (Co(NH2)2), the potassium sulfate (K2SO4), the potassium chloride (KCl) and the triple superphosphate (TSP). The methodology consisted in the physical and chemical analysis of soil, the cultivation, the application of mineral fertilizers and the harvest of cassava after 12 months. Additionally, the evaluation of the organoleptic propriety of raw tubers and cassava balls after the use of fertlizers were achieved throughout semi-strucrured interviews. Results - The contribution of nitrogen and phosphorus has increased very significantly cassava yield from 18.70 to 40.20 t/ha respectively for the control treatment (T0) and the best treatment obtained (T10). A significant interaction was observed between nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) inputs on yields. The increasing doses of potassium as potassium chloride (KCl) had reduced cassava plant growth and yield. According to respondents, the organoleptic proprieties of cassava were remain quite unchangeable by mineral fertilizers. Conclusion - The application of mineral fertilizer improved cassava yield and did not affected the organoleptic quality of the raw tubers and cassava ball. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to prevent soil degradation, namely the potential use of termite nest as natural fertilizers and legumes in association or rotation with other crops.
Studying The Association Of Metformin Dose With Peripheral Neuropathy In Diabetic Patients At Jordanian Royal Medical Services
Authors: Abu Jama'ah Wafa'a Jamil , Fat'hi Alzu'bi Motazbellah , Alabbad Alaa Rfeefan , Al Mrayat Alaa Mohammed , Aldmour Ola Ahmad , Abeeleh Jaafar Abu , Alkhatib Ahed J
Published: March 2016

The aim of the present study was to study the association of metformin dose with peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients at Jordanian Royal Medical Services. A retrospective study was conducted to collect data from files of 392 diabetic patients at Jordanian Royal Medical Services. A working sheet was created for each patient that included the following information: gender, age, peripheral neuropathy, vitamin B12 status, metformin use, and metformin dose. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Data were represented as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables such as gender, and vitamin B12 status; means and standard deviations for continuous variables such as age. The relationships between variables were examined using Chi-Square, and One Way Anova. Significance was considered at alpha level <0.05. Study findings showed that the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among participants was about 43%. Vitamin B12 deficiency was about 7%. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was significantly associated with gender (p=0.018). No significant associations were observed between peripheral neuropathy and vitamin B12 or metformin dose. Taken together, the results of the present study showed that treatment with metformin did not lead to vitamin B12 deficiency, although the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was relatively high (about 43%).
La Surveillance Prénatale, Au Maroc Cas Des Femmes Ayant Accouché À La Maternité Souissi, CHU (Ibn Sina) Rabat
Authors: Housni Y. El , Boussalwa E. , Kharbach A. , Khadmaoui A.
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study is to analyse the prenatal care performed to the women who gave birth at the Souissi Maternity, Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat, Morocco. This study is based on a historical cohort with prospective data collection, during the period of 2 April 2013 to 14 April 2013, with 230 patients Hospitalized to deliver. According to the study 96, 5 % of the women interviewed received at least one prenatal consultation from a qualified staff. Despite the high rate of coverage with antenatal care, it was found that more than half of women did not benefit from the following services: size measuring, urinalysis, rubella and toxoplasmosis serology. We also noted a growing concern among women for pregnancy monitoring quality, since 43% were simultaneously monitored by several categories of staff. To improve the quality of prenatal care, we recommend that health professionals complete physical and diagnostic tests, also provide more information about continuity of care during prenatal consultations.
Identification Of Collapsible Soils In Deroua (Morocco)
Authors: Ouatiki Kawtar , Bahi Lahcen , Awa Mohamed Ould , Ouadif Latifa , Akhssas Ahmed , Ejjaaouani El Houcine
Published: March 2016

Deroua belongs to the Berrechid plain and it is characterized generally by a flat relief, formations from the quaternary and Pliocene age and unconformably on sedimentary formations of Cretaceous and Permian Triassic on shcists from the primaries. Several anomalies were detected in the buildings and pavement structures in different cities in the territory of the Berrechid plain, such as settlement, cracking or even sudden collapses. The presence of a water table with 1500 square kilometers in area, the climatology of the region and a major urban development are factors favoring collapsing soils. Thus, we conducted a series of geotechnical tests on four samples taken from Deroua, 10 km from the city of Berrechid to identify the nature of the soils of this city in order to study their behavior in unsaturated state. The results of Atterberg limits and the oedometer test, correlated with results of previous studies and bibliographical research confirm the hypothesis of collapsible soils. Therefore, the results will help to quantify and map the collapse of soils in Deroua, in order to establish a local hazards map that can be exploited by the urban agency.
Mock-up: An Aid in the Different Steps in Aesthetic Dental Treatment
Authors: Dragusha Rozafa , Ibraimi Djemal
Published: March 2016

Today, in restorative and prosthodontic dental treatments, the focus is on aesthetics. This involves meeting the needs and expectations of the patient. Failures occur not only as a result of technical problems, but also as a result of poor communication with the patient. To avoid these scenarios that may obligate us to repeat the restoration from the beginning, we can obtain help by using Mock-up. Despite communication with the diagnostic and treatment planning step, Mock-up enables us to control the function of the end result without even beginning the work. It also enables us to do a minimal invasive tooth preparation. The aim of this study is to use Mock-up to show its effectiveness in communication, planning, and preparation to achieve the demanded aesthetic dental treatment. Materials and Methods: We prepared mock-up according to wax-up in the second meeting- the treatment planning step. We used a minimal invasive, mock-up guided, preparation technique from the Mock-up accepted by us and the patient. Results: This easy and practical method enabled us to avoid the intervention in the ultimate restoration. Our result is in accordance with those of other authors: we had minimal preparation, even some unprepared surfaces and satisfied patient. Conclusions: The use of Mock-up is a simple technique in aesthetic dentistry. Broadly in prosthodontics, it assures us that the work will be functionally and aesthetically successful.
Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) Practices In Health Care Sectors Of Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Md. Rakibul , Hossin Md. Ekram , Khan Wahiduzzaman
Published: March 2016

Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) has been a topic of considerable importance and interest to Information Systems (IS) professionals since the 1970's and consistently ranked as a top issue for IS executives in both developed and developing countries. Studies have shown that SISP can assist manager in defining the information systems, develop IS strategy, and allocate resources for IS strategy. However, the use of SISP in healthcare sectors in developing countries like Bangladesh is underdeveloped and under-researched. This study examined the benefits of SISP in healthcare organization in developing countries in general and Bangladesh in particular. This study also focused on the current practice and key implementation challenges of Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) in healthcare sectors in developing and transitional economies. Finally, some recommendations are proposed to overcome the challenges using a ‘hybrid’ approach.
Groups Analysis Of Spiders Species By Preferences For Tirana Habitat Area
Authors: Muca Markela , Vrenozi Blerina
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we presented the cluster analysis of ground-dwelling spiders. The scientific material was collected from different areas of the Tirana district, using traps Pitt. Preferences per habitat have shown that areas of the Veterinary Research Institute and the mount of Dajti have a larger number of species that are abundant in various habitats. Also, depending on the areas, it can be classified into three major groups: The Vora hills, Tirana city, and the Dajti Mountain. The analysis is based on a sample which consists of 123 ground-dwelling spiders scattered mostly in seven areas. The results of the analysis have shown the spider distribution in at least one of the areas included in the study. In addition, it also shows the dominant species for each area. All analysis is performed using SPSS statistics 20.
Effet D’un Extrait Aqueux De Pseudarthria Hookeri Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae) Sur La Glycemie Et Sur La Liberation Et Le Stockage Du Glucose Hepatique De Rats Diabetiques
Authors: Kahou Bi Gohi Parfait , Claude Abo Kouakou Jean , Irie Bi Jean Severin
Published: March 2016

Pseudarthria hookeri (Fabaceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine in Ivory Coast to treat diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Pseudarthria hookeri (EAPh) on the release and storage of hepatic glucose in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of EAPh, at a dose of 1200 mg/kg body weight for 28 days, leads to a significant decrease of glycaemia in diabetic rats. The oral administration of EAPh, at doses of 800 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg body weight, reduced for 60 min, in a dose-dependent manner, the release of hepatic glucose in normoglycemic rats. Moreover, for 90 days of treatment, EAPh significantly promotes the storage of hepatic glucose in diabetic rats. It appears that the aqueous extract of Pseudarthria hookeri has antidiabetic properties and acts by promoting the storage of hepatic glucose (glycogenesis), and by inhibiting the release of glucose from the liver (glycogenolysis). These results justify the use of Pseudarthria hookeri in traditional medicine to effectively treat diabetes.
Parámetros fisiológicos en caninos pre y post competencia de Agility en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Forero López Jorge Hernando , Lozano Martínez Paola Andrea , Camargo Roncancio Boris Orlando
Published: March 2016

El estudio se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Bogotá, ubicada a una altura media 2600 msnm, con temperatura promedio de 14°C. Se realizó un muestreo en el Polideportivo el Salitre y otro en el parque central de Modelia. El objetivo principal fue monitorear y estandarizar los cambios fisiológicos que se presentan en caninos atletas, como respuesta al ejercicio realizado en pruebas de Agility. Se muestrearon 15 caninos hembras de diferentes razas practicantes del Agility, de las escuelas Atalanta y X-treme Dog. El control se obtuvo de individuos en reposo, previo al ejercicio, inmediatamente a su llegada al área de investigación, donde se situaron las pistas para el entrenamiento, que incluía la toma de temperatura rectal, frecuencia de pulso, frecuencia respiratoria y de sangre arterial (arteria femoral). La muestra arterial se procesó con analizador sanguíneo portátil, obteniendo de hematocrito, hemoglobina, sodio, potasio, cloruro, nitrógeno uréico (BUN), glucosa, lactato, pH sanguíneo, presión de dióxido de carbono (PCO2), presión de oxígeno (PO2), bicarbonato, tensión de dióxido de carbono(TCO2), saturación de oxígeno (SO2), exceso de base (BE), anion gap y osmolalidad. Luego se inició el entrenamiento, simulando una competencia real, donde cada canino pasó cuatro veces por pista, y al final se monitorearon, siguiendo el procedimiento descrito para el control. Se compararon los resultados pre y post ejercicio, presentándose: aumento para temperatura, frecuencia respiratoria, pulso, pH, hematocrito, hemoglobina, sodio, cloro y osmolalidad (p<0,001); incremento en los valores de potasio, lactato y glucosa (p<0,01); ascenso para PO2, SO2 y BUN (p<0,05); descenso para PCO2, TCO2, BE y Anión Gap (p<0,001). Se concluye que los caninos deportistas en Bogotá presentan hipertermia, taquicardia, hipocapnia, alcalosis respiratoria acompañada de una acidosis metabólica compensatoria y hemoconcentración por una deshidratación clasificada como hiperosmótica, luego de una competencia de Agility.
Efecto del nivel de energía y proteína en la dieta sobre el desempeño productivo de alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus, variedad chitralada
Authors: Escobar Johans Alexander , Reinoso Viviana del Rosario , Landinez Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2016

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño productivo de alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus variedad chitralada, alimentados con diferentes niveles de energía y proteína. Se implementaron seis dietas con dos niveles de energía (3300 y 3600 kcal/kg) y tres niveles de proteína (35, 40 y 45%) generando seis diferentes relaciones energía/proteína (10,28; 9,42; 9,00; 8,25; 8,00 y 7,33 kcal ED/g: PC). Se utilizaron 192 alevinos, los cuales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro acuarios por tratamiento a una densidad de 8 individuos por acuario. El alimento fue ofrecido a voluntad dos veces al día (8:00 y 15:00 horas). Fue registrado el peso de los alevinos al inicio del experimento y posteriormente cada 15 días, hasta el día 45, día en el cual se concluyó el ensayo. Fueron evaluados: Ganancia de Peso (GP),Tasa de Crecimiento Específico (TCE), Factor de Conversión Alimenticia (FCA), Eficiencia de Utilización de Energía y de Proteína (EUE y EUP), Tasa de Retención de Energía y de Proteína (TRE y TRP) y sobrevivencia. Para GP las relaciones energía/proteína de 8,25 y 9,42 fueron las que mejores resultados mostraron (p<0,05). En cuanto a la TCE, FCA, EUE y EUP no hubo diferencias significativas entre ninguno de los tratamientos utilizados (p>0,05); similar comportamiento se observó en la TRP, sin embargo la TRE fue significativamente superior (p<0,05) al utilizar la relación energía/proteína de 7,33 y en general fue mejor en los tratamientos con 3300 kcal/kg con respecto a los de 3600 kcal/kg. La sobrevivencia no fue afectada por los tratamientos (p>0,05).
Análisis correlacional entre la radiación ultravioleta del sol y la prevalencia de conjuntivitis actínicas en escolares entre 5 y 12 años de edad, a tres alturas sobre el nivel del mar en el departamento de Cundinamarca
Authors: Pérez Mogollón Jose Fernando , Bohórquez Ballén Jaime
Published: March 2016

La conjuntiva, por estar directamente en contacto con el medio ambiente exterior, es la parte del ojo más susceptible, a sufrir fenómenos irritación y conjuntivitis actínica, siendo la población infantil la más vulnerable a los efectos de la exposición prolongada al sol y, por consiguiente, a la radiación ultravioleta (RUV). Objetivo: realizar un análisis correlacional, entre la RUV y la prevalencia de conjuntivitis actínica, en 150 niños y niñas, de 5 a 12 años de edad, en tres municipios del departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia: La Calera con 2850 m.s.n.m, Bogotá con 2630 m.s.n.m y Guayabal de Síquima con 1630 m.s.n.m. Materiales y métodos: se usaron como instrumentos el examen optométrico y un radiómetro con sensor biológico (espectro de acción eritemático), estableciendo el diagnóstico de conjuntivitis actínica en la población objeto del estudio y los valores de RUV en las diferentes alturas. Resultados: se encontró en el análisis de variancia una correlación lineal, entre la prevalencia de conjuntivitis actínica y la RUV (dosis promedio diaria por mes). Conclusión: se halló la información necesaria, para poder mejorar en un futuro la prevención de la conjuntivitis causada por la RUV.
Bacilos gram negativos, contaminantes más prevalentes en lentes de contacto blandos usados
Authors: Castiblanco Diana , Rodríguez Martha Fabiola , Mayorga C. Myriam Teresa
Published: March 2016

Las bacterias son los contaminantes más frecuentes de los lentes de contacto. Objetivo: identificar el tipo de depósitos microbiológicos en lentes de contacto blando (LCB) usados. Materiales y Métodos: 100 lentes de contacto blandos de usuarios o de prueba  de las ópticas, recolectándose 25 lentes para cada grupo de la FDA (Grupo1, 2, 3 y 4, según el contenido de agua e ionicidad del polímero). Los lentes se almacenaron por 20 días en sus estuches individuales hasta su estudio. A cada lente, se le realizó observación directa en lámpara de hendidura para clasificar depósitos visibles según criterio de RUDKO, examen directo con azul de lactofenol y cultivos microbiológicos. Resultados: según los grupos de la FDA, la contaminación microbiana en el grupo 1 fue del 80% (20/25) por bacterias y el 8% (2/25) por hongos. En el grupo 2, el 88% (22/25) presentó bacterias, el 4% (1/25) hongos. En el grupo 3, el 72% (18/25) presentó bacterias, el 20% (5/25) hongos. En el grupo 4, el 80% (20/25) presentó bacterias, el 12% (3/25) hongos. La presencia de hongos siempre fue concomitante con la de bacterias. Según los criterios de Rudko, se obtuvo que, de la categoría I, el 43,2% (17/37) tenía contaminación microbiológica por bacterias y/u hongos. El 100% de los lentes de categoría II (56/56) y categoría IV (7/7) estaban contaminados. El tipo de bacterias más frecuentemente identificadas en los cultivos, fueron bacilos y cocobacilos Gram negativos. Conclusiones: los bacilos Gram negativos fueron los microorganismos que más se encontraron en los lentes de contacto blando usados después de 20 días de almacenamiento.
INTERPOLACIÓN POLINOMIAL, ALGUNAS TÉCNICAS Y SU PROGRAMACIÓN
Authors: Molano Molano Luis Alejandro
Published: March 2016

En este artículo se estudian algunas técnicas de interpolación polinomial e interpolación polinomial a trozos. Respecto a las primeras, se propone una demostración alternativa de su equivalencia. También se plantea una sencilla codificación de tales métodos en el software Matlab, usando comandos básicos y sin recurrir a rutinas de interpolación predefinidas por este software.
Palabras claves: Interpolación polinomial, interpolación polinomial a trozos, esplines cúbicos.
AbstractThis article explores some polynomial interpolation and also piecewise polynomial interpolation methods. With respect to the first one, it is suggested an alternative demonstration of its equivalence. Also is posed a simple encoding of such methods in Matlab software, by using basic commands,without resorting to interpolation routines predefined by this software.
Keywords: Polynomial interpolation, piecewise polynomial interpolation, cubic splines.
ESTABLECIMIENTO DE UN PROTOCOLO DE PROPAGACIÓN DE PHYSALIS PERUVIANA L. A PARTIR DE YEMAS AXILARES ADULTAS
Authors: Rache Cardenal Leidy Yanira , Pacheco Maldonado José Constantino
Published: March 2016

La uchuva tiene importancia ecológica, medicinal e industrial, y posee un alto potencial comercial porque su fruto es apetecido en el mercado nacional e internacional. Dichas características han originado una alta demanda de frutos que no alcanza a ser suplida con la oferta actual. En este trabajo se estableció un protocolo para la propagación de uchuva utilizando MS como medio de cultivo, semillas de frutos maduros y yemasaxilares de plantas adultas como explantes primarios. Después de la fase de establecimiento (30 días en MS sin reguladores y 60 días en MS con 0.05mg L-1 de AIB más 0.1 mg L-1 de BA) se cuantificó 100% de germinación de semillas y yemas viables que reactivaron su actividad meristemática. La tasa de multiplicación de los segmentos nodales procedentes de plántulas cultivadas en MS con 0.05mg L-1 de AIB fue de 4.5, y la de explantes nodales procedentes de microtallos desarrollados a partir de yemas axilarescultivadas en MS con 0.05mg L-1 de AIB más 0.1mg L-1 de BA, fue de 5.1. Durante el enraizamiento se cuantificó 100% de microtallos enraizados en MS sin reguladores de crecimiento. Después del endurecimiento en invernadero, el 95% de las plántulas fue viable y reactivó su crecimiento.
Palabras clave: Uchuva, plantas adultas, semillas, yemas axilares, cultivo in vitro.
MICROWAVE AND ULTRASOUND ACTIVATION EFFECT ON CATIONIZATION OF CORN AND POTATO STARCHES
Authors: Muñoz Prieto Efrén , Palacios Alquisira Joaquín , Rius Alonso Carlos
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify and compare the effect of ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) irradiation on the assisted synthesis reaction to obtain cationic corn and potato starch derivatives, with cationizing agent (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride in solutionand in limited solvent conditions, known as a paste process. The starch derivatives were characterized by techniques, such as Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy.The application of both (MW) and (US) irradiation as energy sources permitted the shortening of the etherification time to minutes from the previously reported 18 hours of traditional heating. The results show the high potential of alternative energy sources to innovate and increase the efficiency of a technological starch derivatization process.
Keywords: Cationic starch, characterization, microwave, synthesis, ultrasound.
Mengarifi Orientalisme: Meretas Jalan Ke Arah Integrasi Epistemologi Studi Islam
Authors: Afrizal Afrizal
Published: March 2016

Islamic studies taken by orientalists are often suspected as having hidden agenda. Main indicator of such agenda, according to Edward W. Said, is their biased works on Islam. Regardless to its negative side, honestly to say, orientalism has contributed important aspects in Islamic studies in terms of establishing approaches and methodologies, and creating new fields as branches of Islamic studies. Besides, they do give significant role in preservation and maintenance of Muslim intellectual heritage (turâts) such as manuscripts. In the context of Islamic studies in IAIN, the raise of attention to orientalism studies will gradually balance the hegemony of its textual tradition based on Arabs and Persian bayânî and ‘irfânî epistemologies with Western sciences that are compatible with burhânî epistemology. The balance hopefully would be a kind of Islamic studies that more historical and inclusive in nature, analyzing any problem not only from religious but scientific perspective as well.
Menyibak Kekerasan Simbolik Orientalisme
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi
Published: March 2016

Recent order of world civilization seems to be constructed by Western civilization through project of orientalism which assumes East as the passive receiver of anything West actively offer; East is considered uncivilized, primitive, and dominated by myth and superstition. Based on the assumptions, West wants to inject modernity awareness into East cognitive sphere. But, East finds the want as a West tricky way to dominate East, a new kind of colonialism, and a hegemony.

West hegemony covered under orientalism—to use Pierre Boudeau’s term—is a kind of symbolic violence. The term refers to a violence insulted smoothly; it is differed from domination which refers more to physical violence. Orientalism symbolic violence can be traced through orientalists’ works on East that are scientifically and massively published. The violence should be wisely responded by East through creating balance discourse based on scientific and intuitive capabilities.

Recent order of world civilization seems to be constructed by Western civilization through project of orientalism which assumes East as the passive receiver of anything West actively offer; East is considered uncivilized, primitive, and dominated by myth and superstition. Based on the assumptions, West wants to inject modernity awareness into East cognitive sphere. But, East finds the want as a West tricky way to dominate East, a new kind of colonialism, and a hegemony.

West hegemony covered under orientalism—to use Pierre Boudeau’s term—is a kind of symbolic violence. The term refers to a violence insulted smoothly; it is differed from domination which refers more to physical violence. Orientalism symbolic violence can be traced through orientalists’ works on East that are scientifically and massively published. The violence should be wisely responded by East through creating balance discourse based on scientific and intuitive capabilities.
Fenomena Kelompok Sempalan Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Rofiq Ahmad Choirul
Published: March 2016

Understanding about religious splinter groups in Indonesian context is mainly identified through their theological difference from that of muslims majority. Their theological beliefs and practices are considered deviant from the majority’s “true” theology and practices. It at least can be concluded from the fatwa of MUI which then become formal reference to most muslims people in Indonesia. Though the fatwa face many critiques from some muslims groups, especially liberal muslims activists, but it remain assumed as truth by the majority of Indonesian muslims.

There are many factors supporting the emergence of splinter groups in Indonesia. Beside the existence of some “advocates” such as liberal muslims activists and mass media, lack of law enforcement and the failure of religious leaders to educate their people to be more anticipative to the emergence of splinter groups. It is necessary to initiate open dialogues with followers of splinter groups, especially their leaders.
Studi Analitis Dimensi Sacifact Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Kejayaannya (750-1258 M)
Authors: Fattah Abdul
Published: March 2016

Many islamic education institutions have emerged since the times of Prophet Muhammad. From historical perspective of classical Islam, the period of Abbasiate (750-1258) was the peak periode of their development. Applying sacifact analysis, this article is aimed at uncovering multi historical aspects of the institutions development. George Makdisi and Ahmad Syalabî have classified the development into two periods, pre-madrasah and post-madrasah. The former was considered as a milestone in the history of islamic education. The transformation proccess from masjid to madrasah went through three phases of transformation, i.e. phase of masjid, phase of masjid khân, and phase of madrasah. In addition, there were three factors accelerating the transformation process. Firstly, the educational activities in masjid were considered overlap their main function as worship building. Secondly, the need for science and knowledge emerged rapidly. And thirdly, there was new orientation in managing good education for muslim society.
Tipos de membrana peritoneal y su sobrevida en función al test de equilibrio peritoneal en pacientes en DPCA
Authors: Bernuy Jeanette , Cieza Javier
Published: March 2016

Conocer el tipo de transporte de la membrana peritoneal (MP) permite prescribir la modalidad de diálisis y podría predecir la sobrevida de la membrana. Desconocemos el impacto del tipo de transportador de la MP en pacientes en Diálisis Peritoneal Continua Ambulatoria (DPCA) en nuestro medio. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia del tipo de transportador de membrana según el Test de Equilibrio Peritoneal (TEP) y su impacto en la sobrevida de la membrana peritoneal y de los pacientes en DPCA. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica terminal en el programa de DPCA del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre el 2002 y el 2008. Se evaluaron características clínicas, demográficas y de transporte de la MP y su relación con la pérdida de la membrana y supervivencia del paciente. Resultados: El tipo de transportador promedio alto fue el más frecuente según el TEP de creatinina (42%) y de glucosa (33%). Ser transportador alto según el último TEP de glucosa (p<0,05) y la presencia de al menos 1 hospitalización (p<0,001) tuvieron relación con menor sobrevida de la membrana. La presencia de peritonitis se relacionó con menor riesgo de muerte (p=0,01). La sobrevida de la membrana al primer y quinto año fue 94% y 64% y la supervivencia general al primer y quinto año fue 97% y 73% respectivamente. Conclusiones: El tipo de transportador promedio alto fue el más frecuente. La sobrevida de la MP disminuyó en pacientes que tenían al menos una hospitalización y en los transportadores altos según el último TEP de glucosa, mientras que la presencia de episodios de peritonitis se relacionó con menor riesgo de muerte.
Repercusiones endocrinólogicas en el apnea obstructiva del sueño
Authors: Cipriani Enrique
Published: March 2016

Las alteraciones en la oxigenación que ocurren en el Sindrome Obstructivo del Apnea de sueño comprometen el funcionamiento tisular de todos los órganos del ser humano; con relación a la disfunción endocrinológica, los aspectos concernientes a esta no son bien conocidos. La intención de este trabajo fue revisar la información existente al respecto, a través de una búsqueda en las referencias MEDLINE entre los años 1995 y 2009.
Conversatorio clínico patológico en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza_2010-01
Authors: Cipriani Enrique , Bravo Gloria , Casas Jorge , Hurtado Abdias , Rodríguez Giovanna , Manrique Helard , Chian César , Alfaro Julio
Published: March 2016

Paciente de 38 años natural y procedente de Satipo; con nueve meses de enfermedad, cuyos síntomas principales fueron: disfagia, odinofagia, disfonía y pérdida de peso.Al inicio presentó disfagia leve a sólidos; esta progresó lentamente haciéndose más intensa y agregándose odinofagia. Acudió a un centro de salud donde le diagnostican amigdalitis aguda, prescribiéndole antibiótico y anti-inflamatorio con los que notó leve mejoría.Los síntomas se hicieron más intensos y dos meses antes del ingreso la disfagia se hizo extensiva a líquidos y notó leve disfonía.Un mes antes de ingresar presentó fiebre, malestar general, disnea, tos con expectoración amarillenta, sialorrea y mayor disfonía. Acudió a otro hospital donde le diagnostican neumonía siendo tratada con ceftriaxona, remitiendo la fiebre, pero sin mejoría de los otros síntomas.Dos semanas después está prácticamente afónica, "no podìa deglutir nada" y tenía abundante sialorrea. El apetito era normal, pero la disfagia le impedía ingerir alimentos.En estas condiciones fue referida a nuestro hospital. La paciente había perdido 22 kg de peso en los últimos 5 meses.
Correlación entre la proteinuria de 24 horas y el índice proteinuria/creatinina en alícuotas de orina. Valor y limitaciones
Authors: León Cristian , Palacios Aída , Cieza Michael , Cieza Javier , Huapaya Julio
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: Estudiar la correlación existente entre la recolección de proteinuria de veinticuatro horas y el índice proteinuria/creatinina tomada de una alícuota de la misma muestra y analizar las variables que afectan la correlación. Material y Métodos: Se seleccionaron 100 personas adultas de diversos servicios hospitalarios y ambulatorios del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia a quienes se les solicitó proteinuria en 24 horas por diversas circunstancias. La proteinuria y la creatinina en orina se midieron utilizando auto-analizadores con técnicas de química seca. Resultados: Un paciente fue excluido por dudosa recolección de la muestra. Hubo 18% varones y 82% mujeres. En la muestra hubo 38% de pacientes gestantes La correlación obtenida en toda la muestra tuvo un r= 0,74 (p<0,001), evidenciándose que la dispersión de los datos ocurrió en presencia de pacientes con proteinuria superior a 7 g/día; con volumen urinario menor a 600 ml/día y pacientes gestantes Al excluir estos datos la correlación tuvo un r= 0,95, p<0,001 (r2 = 0,88, IC 95% 0,79-0,93, p<0,001). Conclusión: Existe una alta correlación entre proteinuria en 24 horas y el índice proteinuria/creatinina tomada en una alícuota. Existen variables críticas que afectan la correlación entre estos dos parámetros: diuresis dudosas, gran proteinuria y pacientes gestantes. (Rev Med Hered 2010;21:59-64).