bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DID INTENSIVE FLOODS INFLUENCE HIGHER INCIDENCE RATE OF THE WEST NILE VIRUS IN THE POPULATION EXPOSED TO FLOODING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA IN 2014?
Authors: Rodić Vukmir Nina , Bojanić Janja , Mijović Biljana , Roganović Tatjana , Aćimović Jela
Published: June 2020

Climate change is definitely one of the greatest challenges of human development in the 21st century. Climate change is expected to increase the risk of communicable diseases in Europe. This impact will depend not only on local climatic conditions, but on other factors, such as current infrastructure, public health services, biodiversity specificity, etc. The population in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia has been severely affected by the floods caused by cyclone Tamara in 2014. The basic mode of transmission of the disease caused by the West Nile virus is the bite of the infected mosquito. The West Nile virus is not transmitted among humans through contact, nor can it be transmitted from infected birds to humans without mosquito bite. The aim of the study was to analyze and present the trend of this disease in the period 2014-2018 and to show the connection between the spatial occurrence of cases and location of the flooded area in 2014 in the Republic of Srpska. Using the descriptive method, the demographic data of the patients were analysed, the most common clinical form of the disease and the incidence of the disease in the period 2014-2018 was analysed. The cases were mapped and we analysed the connection of the case and location that was flooded. The incidence ranged from 0.79 in 2014 to 0.43 in 2018. Patients were of all age groups and both sexes, most commonly cases from rural areas (78%). The most common clinical form of the disease is shown, which were symptoms of the central nervous system infection. Out of the total number of patients, 94% were from flooded areas. All reported cases have been diagnosed at the Institute of Microbiology at the University Clinical Center of Republika Srpska and were reported as probable cases in accordance with the international case definition of communicable diseases. However, it is crucial to implement internationally endorsed procedures as a clinical alghoritm for the confirmation of the case in accordance with the laboratory criteria for the case definition. The occurrence, frequency and spatial distribution of cases indicates a possible connection with the floods in 2014.
NOTOEDROSIS IN A HOUSEHOLD CAT - CASE REPORT
Authors: Stevanović Oliver , Vujanić Dejan , Dobrijević Miljan , Nedić Drago , Trbojević Igor
Published: June 2020

Th is paper describes a rare case of severe notoedrosis (notoedric mange) in a household cat from the suburban region of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to history, the male cat was in direct contact with stray kitten which had dermatological disorder. Th e examination of the skin revealed an intensely pruritic and hyperkeratotic dermatitis with typical scabby appearance. Deep scarifi cation samples were collected from the altered skin area and macerated in 10% KOH. Th e microscopic examination revealed mites from genus Notoedres, later identifi ed as Notoedres cati according to the morphological shape and size. Th e aff ected cat was treated with ivermectin 0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneously, two times with 7 day intervals. The first follow-up physical examination was done aft er seven days. Th is control showed that pruritic changes began to disappear. This case report confi rms the presence of Notoedres cati in the cat population in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MICROBIAL SAFETY OF PORK MEAT PRODUCTS ORIGINATING FROM HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Puljić Leona , Kartalović Brankica , Grabovac Jozo , Jukić-Grabovac Marija , Kovačević Dragan , Petrović Jelena , Mastanjević Krešimir
Published: June 2020

Th is paper presents the results of chemical composition and microbiological safety testing of dry cured meat products, fermented and semi-dry or pasteurized sausages produced by several meat industries from Herzegovina. In the period from 2016 to 2018, a total of 85 meat products were sampled.Th ese included 20 samples of fermented pork sausages, 10 samples of dry-cured pork loin, 5 samples of dry-cured pork neck and 50 samples of heat-treated sausages. Quality control testing of the samples included determination of meat protein, crude fat, moisture, sodium nitrite and polyphosphates content in sausages, using standard analytical methods. It was confi rmed that all analysed samples meet the requirements in terms of chemical composition, level of additives and microbiological safety. In comparison with dry cured meat products and sausages analyses results, with minimum requirements that are set forth in regulations for that product category. Th e above mentioned suggests that the analysed samples are good quality products and they are in compliance with the regulations.
INFLUENCE OF ACCLIMATIZATION AND AGE OF IMPORTED BOARS ON THE QUALITY OF THEIR SPERM
Authors: Jovičin Milovan , Milovanović Aleksandar , Stančić Blagoje , Došen Radoslav , Barna Tomislav
Published: June 2020

In the paper the process of acclimatization and adaptation of boars on climate and microclimate conditions are described. The process of growth and sexual maturity during the breeding and accustoming of boars in taking sperms in the centers of artificial insemination or breeding stations are analyzed. It is concluded that appropriate microclimate conditions may solve sterility provoked by climate conditions and even increase fertility of pigs. For purchased and imported young boars it is very important that animals are raised in a proper way and trained for mounting and semen collecting. Ejaculate in the native sperm of imported boars is better quality comparing to the ejaculate of home breeds, but they are sensitive to unspecific infections that can reduce spermatozoa vitality, damage acrosome, disturb spermatozoa maturation and thus influence fertilizing of diluted semen. Housing and nutrition of high-born breed boars has important role in maximal exploitation of producing ability especially on longevity and lifetime production of the imported boars.
INFLUENCE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES ON DECREASED RATE OF WEIGHT GAIN IN PIGS
Authors: Došen Radoslav , Prodanov Jasna , Pušić Ivan , Stojanov Igor , Maljković Marko
Published: June 2020

Respiratory diseases of swine cause great economic losses due to death of animals, compulsory slaughtering, reduced daily weight gain, higher consumption of feed per kilo comparing to gain, prolonged fattening time, higher percentage of low weight pigs in the slaughterhouse and increased costs of medical treatment. The aim of this paper was to evaluate how the diseases of respiratory tract influence on the appearance of reduced growth rate in pigs. The material for research were 73 piglets in which decreased weight gain was noticed and 224 fattening pigs that were delivered to a slaughter house on regular basis. The body mass of the piglets that showed decreased weight gain and of the fattening pigs was measured upon the arrival to the abattoir. At the slaughterhouse pathomorphological examination of respiratory tract and heart was carried out. Examining the organs of chest cavity in 65.75% of the slaughtered low weight pigs changes on lungs were discovered. The pathological process most often comprised at the same time apical, cardial and diaphragmatic lobes (42.46%). In 52% cases we discovered pleuropneumonia and pericarditis. In 14 cases (9.18%) abscesses in lung tissues were discovered. Examining chest cavity it was detected that in 54.88% fattening pigs there were changes on lungs. In 53 (21.54%) fattening pigs the changes influenced lesser than 10% on lung parenchyma, but in 26 (10.57%) fattening pigs changes on lung parenchyma occurred in more of 50%. On the bases of these results it can be concluded that the diseases of respiratory system in the fattening pigs raised on industrial farms are the dominant cause of death, but also the reason for forced slaughtering, and they considerably influence productional results and the efficiency of swine production.
AMERICAN FOULBROOD – EPIZOOTILOGICAL SITUATION AND THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DETECTING
Authors: Plavša Nada , Stojanov Igor , Milanov Dubravka , Petrović Jelena
Published: June 2020

American foulbrood is a contagious disease and reports on the cases are obligatory according to the Directive on Animal Health Protective Measures for 2009. On the area of Southern Bačka and Srem district in the period between 2002 and 2007 this diseases was detected in 50 bee colonies in 5 municipalities. The prevalence of American foulbrood in contaminated area was monitored with the intention to detect its spreading. There were 613 colonies clinically examined. In 82 colonies the samples of honey were analyzed on Paenibacillusa larvae spora. The examined colonies were without clinical signs, but in 28 colonies (34.5%) the spores were detected. In the same samples an examination on residua presence was carried out and it was present in 26 samples (31.70%).
POSSIBILITY OF DETERMINING VITAMIN B12 IN VITAMIN PREMIXES AND FEED ADDITIVES USING AAS METHOD
Authors: Mihaljev Željko , Živkov Baloš Milica , Jakšić Sandra
Published: June 2020

Since vitamin B12 has important metabolic functions, but is unable sufficiently to synthesize into organisms of domestic animals (especially non-ruminants), special attention is given to adding B12 into feed. The needs for this vitamin are provided through vitamin premixes, so determining the quantity of B12 in the samples is of utmost importance. When standard chemical methods are applied extraction and purification are required. In this paper is described a method where the content of B12 in premix with high level of different vitamins is determined through an indirect method: measuring the level of cobalt using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The content of B12 was determined from the content of cobalt. The obtained results show that in the samples of pure B12 vitamin (used as an additive to feed) the measured values were lesser than 2% comparing to the expected values. In vitamin premixes the measured values of group B and vitamin premixes of vitamin B group and other (A, D, E) vitamins, the measured values differed from those given on the declaration, and the difference was lesser than 5%. The obtained results point that determining vitamin B12 by measuring cobalt content using AAS method is a fast, accurate and simple method that can be applied in examining all the feed samples.
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL MONITORING OF PARATHYPHOID INFECTION ON BROILER FARMS
Authors: Orlić Dušan , Đekić Jovo , Bursać Vladimir , Adamov Vladica , Kapetanov Miloš , Orlić Slobodan
Published: June 2020

Salmonellosis causes significant health and economic problems in poultry industry, but it may also occur in extensive poultry production with higher or lower prevalence. Since salmonellosis is a zoonosis, it plays an important place among other major pathogens in poultry. The most important Salmonellae, present both in animals and humans, are Salmonella enteritidis i Salmonella  typhimurium. The aim of this research was to determine if there is a correlation between positive bacteriology and serology examinations carried out by ELISA test immediately after the slaughter. From the obtained results it may be concluded that there is a correlation between positive bacteriologcial findings and serological examination. Serological monitoring successfully detected infected flocks even when bacteriological findings were negative. A possibility of transmission from the parental flock to broiler chickens, as well as spreading the infection within the broiler flock, is considerably higher in non-vaccinated comparing to the vaccinated flocks.
EVALUATION OF THE PRESENCE OF COLOSTRAL ANTIBODIES IN PIGLETS OF DIFFERENT AGE ORIGINATING FROM SOWS VACCINATED WITH CHINA CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS
Authors: Prodanov Radulović Jasna , Došen Radoslav , Orlić Dušan , Maljković Marko , Valčić Miroslav , Petrović Tamaš , Ratajac Radomir
Published: June 2020

Since the placenta is multilayered, there is no transfer of maternal antibodies into the pig fetal circulation, so passive immunity is completely acquired by post-farrowing colostral intake. When speaking about investigation of maternal immunity, the problem of lasting colostral protection of piglets deriving from sows that were repeatedly vaccinated with modified live vaccine (China strain - C strain) is stressed. The objective of this investigation was to detect the presence of maternal antibodies against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in piglets of different age deriving from sows that were repeatedly vaccinated with China strain CSFV. The examination was carried out on 35 piglets of different age deriving from sows that were repeatedly vaccinated with C-virus strain of CSF by applying immunoenzyme method (ELISA test). On the bases of obtained serological results, it may be concluded that in farm conditions there was a certain number of piglets that did not suck sufficient quantity of colostrum in early post-farrowing period and the problem may be analyzed from the aspect of half-life time of maternal antibodies against CSF. Certainly, future research should include laboratory methods that can provide more precise control of changed values of antibody titre against CSFV, both in sows and in piglets of different age with the aim to view the dynamics of persistence specific antibodies against CSFV in vaccinated pig population.
QUALITY OF HOT DOG SAUSAGES
Authors: Prica Nadežda , Baltić M. , Teodorović V. , Petrović Jelena , Rackov Olga
Published: June 2020

The volume of hot dog sausages plays an important role in meat production. Due to their desirable eating properties (softness, juicy, mild taste and smell) they form a group of sausages acceptable for all consumer categories. They are produced according to producer’s specification, which are not the same. Therefore, the differences in quality may be expected. The objective of this paper was to make a comparative analyses of three parameters in five different products present on Novi Sad market: the content of water, fat and protein, and to determine the average content of these parameters in hot dogs produced by different producers. The average content of water ranged from 56.29±3.30% to 61.44±4.08%. The differences between the average content of water in the product of producer A and C were with no statistic significance (p=0.05), and there was no difference between the average water content in other products. The average total fat in hot dogs ranged from 17.60±3.07% to 20.66±4.65%. The average fat content in the products of D and B producer, as well as Cand B, was without statistically significant difference (p=0.05). The average fat content in the products of producer E and D differed p=0.01. In all other comparisons the difference between the average fat content was p=0.001. The average meat protein content ranged from 11.77±1.08% to 15.41±1.82%. Between the products from producer A and C there was no statistical significant difference (p=0.05). The average meat protein content in the products of D and E producers showed statistic difference of p=0.01, but the average content in other producers was p=0.001. The content of meat protein in all hot dogs were within limits of regulations (10%). Statistically significant difference of the average water content in five different producers was discovered in one case (out of ten), the average fat content in two, and the average protein content in one of the examined products.
POTENCY TESTING OF ATTENUATED LIVE VACCINE LAVIR- K® AGAINST CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER
Authors: Stojanović Dragica , Plavšić Budimir , Ratajac Radomir , Velhner Maja , Prodanov Radulović Jasna , Petrović Tamaš , Vidić Branka
Published: June 2020

In the paper are presented the results of investigating protective effect of attenuated live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) under experimental conditions. The vaccine contains C-strain of CSF. In the Republic of Serbia it is used for systemic immunoprophylaxis. Potency testing was performed according to the guidelines of the European Pharmacopoeia, 5th Edition, 2005 (01/2005:0065) and the guidelines published by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) (Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 5th Edition, 2008, Vol. 1, Chapter 2.8.3). The experiments were carried out on twelve weaner pigs seven weeks of age randomly assigned to two groups consisting of five, and one group consisting of two pigs. Before introducing the experimental protocol of vaccination and artificial infection, the presence of specific antibodies against CSF was controlled by ELISA test, i.e. by serum neutralisation test that proved no presence of antibodies against bovine virus diarrhea (BVD). The pigs in the fist group were vaccinated with attenuated live vaccine Lavir-K® (Veterinary Institute Zemun a.d. Belgrade) in a 1:40 dilution, and the pigs from second group were vaccinated in a 1:160 dilution. The group three served as a control group that was not vaccinated. Fourteen days post vaccination all animals were challenged with highly virulent CSF virus strain Beker, and fourteen days after artificial infection animals were daily observed and their body temperature was recorded. In the group of animals vaccinated with vaccine Lavir-K® in a 1:40 dilution there were no clinical characteristic symptoms of CSF, while in the group vaccinated in a 1:160 dilution two pigs became ill with obvious CSF symptoms. One pig died on day 7 p.v. In the control group, i.e. two non-vaccinated pigs, there was an acute form of CSF and they died seven days after the infection. Calculation of the Protective Dose 50 (PD50) of Lavir-K® was done using the equation by Spearman-Kaerber and it was calculated to be 184. Having in mind that one vaccine doses should have protective value of > 100, it may be concluded that tested vaccine fulfils the requirements for vaccine potency as laid down in the European Pharmacopoeia and the OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals.
APPLICATION OF MICROPLATE BIOFILM ASSAY AND MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES TO INVESTIGATE ABILITY OF SOME BACTERIAL STRAINS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN TO FORM BIOFILM
Authors: Milanov Dubravka , Bugarski Dejan , Petrović Jelena , Rackov Olga
Published: June 2020

The use of some procedures for in vitro investigation of biofilm formation in bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from animals is presented in this paper. Biofilms are formed on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces. On polystyrene surface S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were examined by microplate biofilm assay and light microscopy. Biofilms of L. monocytogenes, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, formed on stainless steel surface, were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The application of these methods can help distinguish between the bacteria isolates that don’t form and the one that form biofilm. Microplate biofilm assay proved to be a simple method suitable for examining a large number of isolates of the same or different bacteria species, particularly if used prior to other investigation techniques that require more complex procedure. The advantages of the test, among the others, is quantification of the obtained results, whereas a principal drawback implicates the impossibility of detecting extracellular substance. The microscopy techniques have provided a direct insight in the structures formed by the investigated strains on the used substrates, with some limitations. They are related to the poor resolution features and two-dimensional image obtained by light microscopy, as well as deformation of three-dimensional biofilm structures in the preparation for scanning electron microskopy.
CONSEQUENCES OF ORAL INFECTION WITH CANDIDA ALBICANS ON THE HISTOARCHITECTONICS OF ORGANS IN MALE RATS
Authors: Iacob-Obistiou Diana , Cristina Romeo T. , Brezovan Diana , Nichita Ileana
Published: June 2020

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the immunosuppression’s effect on the development of oral candidiasis in Wistar rats. Animals were submitted to immunosuppression in order to facilitate the establishment and persistence of Candida albicans infection. Treatment with drugs (dexamethasone and tetracycline) was initiated 7 days before C. albicans inoculation and lasted until the end of the experiments, day 9 post-inoculation, but at a higher dose for dexamethasone and at a lower dose for tetracycline. The infection was done twice at a 24 hours difference. Establishment of C. albicans infection was done by oral inoculation with 0.1 ml of saline suspension containing 3.108 3,1 x 103 viable cells of C. albicans strain ATCC 10231. Tissue injury was determined by the hystological quantification of organs collected at days 3, 6 and respectively 9 of the experiment. Our results have shown that candidiasis affected organs in male rats in the following order: tongue, intestines, liver, spleen and kidney. There was a gradual evolution of the histological lesions severity in the tongue starting from the third day towards the end, but, in reverse, all the other organs affected started having regenerative healing processes at the end of the experiment.
INFLUENCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG USE IN POULTRY BREEDING ON MEAT SAFETY
Authors: Petrović Jelena , Milanov Dubravka , Kapetanov Miloš
Published: June 2020

Recognition of food safety problems brings into focus the importance of primary production. Overuse of antimicrobial drugs in animal breeding is reality it is only a question in what manner and extent it influences on food safety. Use of antimicrobials can cause residues and herby influence safety of meat originating from treated animals. Besides residues, one of the most important and actual side effects is developing of resistance in food borne pathogens. After correct application of antimicrobial drugs tissue residue levels descrease to permitted quantities (below MRL) in  prescribed withdrawal period. But even after expiration of withdrawal period residues are still present in edible animal tissues. Residues of enrofloxacine can be detected in meat nine days after the end of treatment, residues in liver are present much longer. Residues were detected in liver until 22. post treatment day. Residues of florfenicole descrease in meat below MRL on third withdrawal day but in liver residues completely expire on seventh post treatment day, while in kidneys they can be still detected. After expiration of withdrawal period residues of florfenicole are still present in  edible animal tissues but in permitted quantities. In antimicrobial drug abuse or overuse it is impossible to apply correct withdrawal period this leads to high risk of appearance of dangerous meat on market.
ENZIM FITAZA U ISHRANI ŽIVINE
Authors: Živkov Baloš Milica
Published: June 2020

Hrana za živinu (gotove smeše) proizvodi se, skoro isključivo, od biljnih komponenata i to uglavnom iz domaće proizvodnje. Hranljive materije iz biljnih hraniva, posebno mineralne materije, za živinu najčešće nisu dovoljno iskoristiva zbog prisustva antinutritivnih faktora ili nedostatka enzima potrebnih za varenje i iskorišćavanje hranljivih materija. Hraniva biljnog porekla, sadrže različite količine mineralnih materija, a njihov sadržaj zavisi od biljne vrste, faze vegetacije, dela biljke i načina pripreme hraniva. Zbog različitog i promenljivog sadržaja mineralnih materija u biljnim hranivima, kao i zbog njihove niske dostupnosti, u smeše za ishranu živine dodaju se neorganski izvori minerala. Ovo se naročito odnosi na fosfor.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATUM CORNEUM OF DUCTUS PAPILLARIS AND UDDER PARENCHYMA IN COWS
Authors: Davidov Ivana , Radinović Miodrag , Stojanović Dragica
Published: June 2020

From 26 cows of Holstein-Friesian, which had been excluded from production for diff erent etiologic reasons, the udder was taken in order to monitor the changes that appeared in cow’s udder parenchyma. Aft er macroscopic examination, the tops of papillae were taken to obtain an information on the thickness of a stratum cornum of ducuts papillaris and the samples from the parenchyma size 1 cm2 were used for further histological analysis. Th e thickness of stratum corneum in 104 ducuts papillaris varied from 90 to 370 μm. Histological examination of 104 cow’s udder parenchyma, 25 (24.04%) parenchyma had a very high leukocyte infi ltration. Using statistical data processing the existence of negative correlation was observed, indicating that with increasing the thickness of the stratum corneum of ductus papillaris there was a decline in the leukocyte infi ltrates in cow’s udder parenchyma. Our results indicate that stratum corneum of ductus papillaris infl uences the udder parenchyma.
APPLICATION OF DOUBLE PROTECTED SWABS IN DIAGNOSTICS OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS THE MARE’S UTERUS
Authors: Urošević Miroslav , Stojanović Dragica , Pušić Ivan , Prodanov Radulović Jasna , Đermanović Vladan
Published: June 2020

Numerous studies have shown that a mare can develop a uterine infection that causes signifi cant economic losses in horse breeding. Assessment of the reproductive system in breeding animals in our country has been rarely carried out, however this is a common or compulsory practice in countries that have developed horse breeding. Th is paper describes the importance and diff erent techniques for the use of double protected swabs in the diagnostics of bacterial infection of the mare uterus in order to improve their fertility.
SALMONELLA CONTROL IN POULTRY PRODUCTION AND RESISTANCE MONITORING IN SERBIA
Authors: Velhner Maja , Potkonjak Dubravka , Stojanov Igor , Stojanović Dragica , Petrović Jelena , Kozoderović Gordana
Published: June 2020

A new regulation on Salmonella control in Serbia has been implemented recently. The main goal is to eliminate two most common serovars, Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) from the poultry farms and to keep the infections caused by these bacteria under control. Experimental work conducted in the past decade in our Institute provided evidence that Salmonella is transmitted easily in a flock and is hard to be eliminated from the farms and hatcheries. This is in good agreement with the published research work by other authors. It is also evident that good management practice and vaccination strategy must be implemented in poultry production. Therefore a simple questionnaire for poultry producers and hatchery experts to provide a quick overview of the management practice was designed in order to find out shortcomings. Salmonella monitoring must be conducted by applying bacteriological examination while serology control is efficient more during exploitation and less during rearing. However, it was found out that bacteriology and serology can be successfully combined in order to estimate the infection status. Although regular bacteriological screening for salmonella is compulsory, some farmers in the country do not pursue this type of analysis at the recommended frequency. Subsequently, those who send the samples for bacteriological examination more often seem to have more salmonella related problems. The most frequent finding of salmonella was in the chickens that died during transportation and the first three days of life and from paper pads. Extremely rare finding of salmonella was in breeding eggs and even rarer in table eggs. If environmental samples from commercial layers are positive, serology testing is recommended. Salmonella isolated from chickens and farm premises in Serbia were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested. Multiple resistances was quite seldom but approximately 20% of the isolates were quinolone resistant. The resistance to fluoroquinolones was not detected. However, Salmonella highly resistant to nalidixic acid with MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) to NAL > 512 mg/ml were less susceptible to ciprofloxacin, although MICs to CIP were still below the CLSI recommended breakpoint (R > 4 mg/ml). Similar reports were obtained in investigation of salmonella isolated from human stool and the research indicates that the most frequent serovar in the country in humans, food and poultry include Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis.
PLASMID MEDIATED RESISTANCE TO QUINOLONES IN SALMONELLA
Authors: Velhner Maja , Kozoderović Gordana , Jelesić Zora , Stojanov Igor , Potkonjak Dubravka , Petrović Jelena
Published: June 2020

Plasmid mediated resistance to quinolones in Salmonella enterica is briefly presented. World wide spread of qnr determinants is evident, indicating the necessity for prudent use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine. In discovering plasmid mediated resistance to quinolones antimicrobial resistance monitoring for β-lactam antibiotics is helpful, since their target genes frequently coexist in plasmid. Nevertheless, 100% reliable method for screening of qnr determinants has not been discovered. The finding of qnr genes and other determinants from the large collection of Salmonella isolates in respective national laboratories, in several countries is described. Individual cases of qnr positive Salmonella from patients, reported in recent years, are also presented.
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF VASOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN PROLONGED ANESTHESIA IN DOGS
Authors: Spasojević Kosić Ljubica , Trailović Dragiša R.
Published: June 2020

Knowledge of the influence of anesthesia in anesthetized animals at in vivo experiments is essential in order to interpret the results of investigations properly and correctly. In this study we researched cardiovascular effects of vasoactive substances (adrenalin, noepinephrine, dimethylphenylpiperazinium, acethylholin, histamine) in prolonged anesthesia of six hours in dogs. The cardiovascular effects of vasoactive substances were evaluated by direct blood pressure measurement, ecg monitoring and urine output measurement. The dose-effect curve of systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) blood pressure were obtained for each of the vasoactive substances. The differences between cardiovascular effects of vasoactive substances at the beginning and at the end of prolonged anesthesia were tested. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in changes of blood pressure at the beginning and at the end of prolonged anesthesia only for some doses of adrenalin and histamine (1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg). No significant changes in heart rhythms at the beginning and at the end of prolonged anesthesia were recorded. The urine output during anesthesia depended on applied vasoactive substances.
PUNCTURE OF BOAR’S EPIDIDYMIS FOR DIAGNOSING PORCINE BRUCELLOSIS
Authors: Rogožarski Dragan , Dobrosavljević Ivan , Đuričić Bosiljka , Milanov Dubravka
Published: June 2020

In Serbia, mostly along the Danube, Morava and Mlava rivers, in animals reared under extensive conditions a disease named “rednja” may be detected. In the settlements where abortion is diagnosed all the sows mate with one boar that is infected with brucellosis. The Veterinary Program designs the control of Brucellosis twice a year, but the boars raised in extensive system are not controled and they are not registered. The causative agent was only recently isolated, confirmed and typed as Brucella suis biotype 2 (7). The owners have not reported the cases of abortion because they had thought that the reason are mechanical injuries that occur during feeding and drinking. After the visit of a vet a suspicion of brucellosis is notified. The symptoms of this disease are nonspecific. Only after abortion and if the swelling of boar scrotum occurs Brucellosis can be suspected. Brucellosis can be diagnosed in pigs by clinical examination, isolation, identification and typing of pathogens, serological and biological examination. Blood sampling is usually done in the case of abortion for serology examination, and also the placenta or aborted foetus is used for determining the cause. In addition to the above mentioned, the most important samples for bacteriological examination are the mandibular, retropharyngeal and supramamary lymph nodes, boar semen, i.e. testis after castration. All these samples cannot be taken when the reports on abortion are untimely. This means, only blood samples for serological examination can be taken. However, the literature does not mention epididymal puncture as a possible sample that is important for bacteriological examination, in addition to blood sampling from live animals. When the boars are fixed for blood sampling, the puncture of the epididymis can also be carried out for isolation of Brucella suis. After the disinfection, a sterile needle is stitched about 1 cm in depth and about 1-2 ml of the content is aspirated. Occassional sanies does not interfere the testing. The material can be frozen and examined when there the conditions are favourable and the laboratory available. Epididymal puncture is recommended as a safe and reliable way of sampling the diseased animals for the isolation and identification of Brucella suis biotype 2. During the bacteriological examination it was found that other bacterial species did not affect the growth of Brucella suis.
TOTAL NITRITE AND PHOSPORUS CONTENT IN MEAT PRODUCTS ON NOVI SAD MARKET
Authors: Prica Nadežda , Živkov Baloš Milica , Mihaljev Željko , Jakšić Sandra , Kapetanov Miloš
Published: June 2020

The main food preservatives added to meat products are nitrites and nitrates, and the most important antioxidants are phosphates. The content of additives in meat products is prescribed by the Rule Book. The aim of this paper was to monitor the content of nitrites and total phosphorus in meat products of producers from Novi Sad market, and, based on these results, find out whether the additives are used correctly. In one year period the content of additives in the products of four producers that sell on Novi Sad market was monitored. A total of 140 samples was examined. Phosphorus content was highly variable and ranged from 2.34 g/kg-8.45 g/kg. The nitrite level was the highest in the coarse-grained cooked sausages, but was not significantly different from the products of other producers. Only in two samples (1.43%) phosphorus content was higher than the prescribed value, and only in one tested sample it was outside the permissible value (0.71%). It can be concluded that the producers, despite the difference in the volume of production, technology and control, use additives properly.
ENDOPARASITES IN HUNTING DOGS IN VOJVODINA
Authors: Spasojević Kosić Ljubica , Lalošević Vesna , Simin Stanislav , Kuruca Ljiljana
Published: June 2020

Concerning infectious diseases in hunting dogs, parasites represent an important etiological agent. Among zoonotic diseases, parasitosis, and in particular, helminthosis can cause serious public health concern. This study was performed to investigate infestations with endoparasites in hunting dogs. A total of 43 faecal samples from owned hunting dogs were collected, and were examined for the presence of endoparasites. The overall prevalence of endoparasitic infestation was 65, 15% and six species were found: Trichuris vulpis (44.19%), Ancylostoma caninum (27.91%), Capillaria spp. (16.28%), Isospora spp. (11.63%), Toxocara canis (9.30%), Toxascaris leonina (2.32%). The prevalence of endoparasites with zoonotic potential was 39.53%. These data are of importance for veterinarians in clinical practice, dealing with antiparasitic treatment and choosing appropriate antiparasitic drug for hunting dogs. Due to this, veterinarians should play an important role in helping to prevent or minimize zoonotic transmission of the parasites.
BACTERIA IN ANIMAL FEED AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
Authors: Stojanov Igor M. , Živkov Baloš Milica M. , Kapetanov Miloš C. , Prodanov Radulović Jasna Z. , Petrović Jelena M.
Published: June 2020

Control of microbiological safety of animal feed is regulated by a law. The regulation is based on methodological standards for estimation of feed quality. Those methods are permanently amended and strive for continuous improvement of microbiological safety of feed. The question remains whether the presence or absence of some bacterial species is sufficient for proper assessment of feed safety. The answer to this question can be found not only in the examination of the number of bacteria in animal feed, but also in qualitative analysis of the isolated microorganisms. The sensitivity of bacteria from animal feed to antimicrobials is one of the qualitative characteristics of microorganisms that can affect food safety even if the feed meets the standards and is within the maximum permitted level. The subject of our work was to determine the presence of bacteria in animal feed with a purpose to examine if they possess lower sensibility to antibiotics. For testing antibiotic sensitivity the isolates from routine microbiological feed control were used. The animal feed was analysed by the standard methods for the isolation and identification of bacteria and determination of susceptibility was done using disc diffusion method according to CLSI. The following bacteria were detected: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp. The results showed that some isolates have reduced susceptibility to certain antimicrobial drugs (The resistance is different for different antibiotics and microorganism - from 8,33% to 100%). This finding gives a reason for further examination of certain characteristics of the bacteria found in animal feed and to detect their possible influence on ecology.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN TRICHINELLOSIS IN THE TERRITORY OF VOJVODINA IN THE PERIOD 2002-2011
Authors: Urošević Miroslav I. , Petrović Jelena , Mirilović Milorad , Ristić Zoran A. , Janić Igor
Published: June 2020

Current data on the incidence of the disease and abundant research strongly indicate that Trichinellosis has been widely present throughout past few decades, and is endemic in some regions of Serbia. Unfavourable epidemiological situation is due to high prevalence of infection sources and inadequate control of home-processed meat and meat products. The aim of this article was to describe the features of recorded trichinellosis outbreaks in Vojvodina according to gender structure of patients, based on the records obtained from the Institute for Public Health of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. Analysis of the number of diseased and hospitalized patients from the territory of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the ten-year period (2002-2011) revealed a total number of 983 patients with trichinellosis. The highest incidence of the disease was recorded in 2005, when 277 people were diagnosed with trichinellosis. Unfavourable epidemiological situation was observed also in 2002, with 275 aff ected patients. It is to be emphasized that in 2002 and 2005 three lethal outcomes were recorded, as a direct consequence of intensive migration and abundant invasion of T.spiralis larvae. Th e lowest incidence of the disease was recorded in 2010, that is, only 10 diseased patients. Primary prevention implying appropriate animal husbandry is the crucial point for the disease control, while thorough and systematic inspection of meat of home-produced pigs, wild boars, horses and other animals that can be a potential source of infection. The major risk factor for the occurrence of the disease is consuming raw or undercooked meat that was not subjected to standard examination methods, i.e. examining the skeletal striated musculature from predilection sites by trichinoscopy or artifi cial digestion.
EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRICHINELLOSIS OF DOMESTIC PIGS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Despotović Darko , Ilić Tamara , Trailović Dragiša , Dimitrijević Sandra
Published: June 2020

Trichinellosis is parasitic disease aff ecting wildlife, domestic animals and humans, caused by the nematode of the genus Trichinella. Primary infection route is consumption of infected meat, thus trichinellosis represents a considerable health and economic problem. In the Republic of Srpska, the most common source of human infection is the meat of domestic pigs. Since recently, an increasing number of trichinellosis outbreaks have been attributed to consumption of meat of wild animals, which corresponds with the situation in other countries. During the last decade of the 20th century, numerous outbreaks involving large number of infected people have been reported. In the period 2001-2010, 1256 cases of animal trichinellosis were reported, 1166 of which were identifi ed in domestic swine. In the municipality of Bijeljina, 656 cases were reported, which makes 56.26% of the total number of domestic pig infections recorded in the Republic of Srpska. The latest fi ndings about the incidence of various Trichinella species in wild and domestic animals in Europe indicate that, regardless of application of preventive measures such as proper animal management and veterinary control of meat aft er slaughter, this disease remains the major health problem in this area.
FANDING OF PARASITIC NEMATODES OF FISHES PRESENT IN THE MARKET
Authors: Ćirković Miroslav , Novakov Nikolina , Petrović Jelena , Ljubojević Dragana , Apić Jelena , Babić Jelena , Teodorović Vlado
Published: June 2020

When placing the fish and fish products on the trade it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of zoonotic parasites that can lead to infection of people especially if the fish is consumed raw or undercooked. Epidemiologically the most important are helminths from the group of Nematoda. The most important are Anisaxis spp. and Eustrongylides excisus. Anisakiasis is a serious zoonotic disease with a dramatic increase in prevalence throughout the world in the last two decades. The larvae are found in marine fish species most frequently in sardines, herring and mackerel. Eustrongylidosis is a disease that occurs primarily in freshwater fish species: catfish, zander and pike, a cause is a parasite of the genus Eustrongylides of which the most important species is Eustrongylides excisus. In this paper, the nematodes that occur in fish that are present in the market in the Republic of Serbia are present. Investigations of Anisaxis spp. were carried out at the Institute of Veterinary Medicine Novi Sad in the period of 2000-2013. Total of 2414 samples of imported marine fish was inspected. In 25 (1.29 % ) samples of herrings (Clupea harengus ) and mackerels ( Scomber scombrus ) was identified Anisakis spp. Investigations of Eustrongylides spp . were carried out in the period 2010-2013 at the Danube- Tisa -Danube Canal. Samples were collected from zander (Sander lucioperca) and European catfish (Siluris glanis) in which the presence of nematodes was found in the abdominal cavity, muscles, the lumen of the stomach and gastric wall where the parasites were encapsulated. Individuals of zander were examined during the 2013 at the Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, where the presence of larvae Eustrongylides spp.u muscle was detected. In order to avoid infecting people with parasites of fish it is necessary to carry out continuous control and monitoring. Fresh fishes and traditional fish products must be inspected for the presence of parasites before they find on the trade. Continuous education is a key factor in combating zoonotic diseases. Avoid consumption of raw or poorly cooked fish is still the best preventive procedure.
Q FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Authors: Vidić Branka , Šeguljev Zorica , Savić Sara , Prica Nadežda
Published: June 2020

The significance of each domestic animal in the epidemiology of Q-fever is different in various regions and it depends on the number of animals, level of infection, herd size, type of breeding and the conditions of hygiene. Epizootiological studies in our country show greater prevalence in sheep, than in cattle. Q-fever is maintained in Vojvodina in endemo-epidemic form. In Q-fever management programs for control of in sheep and cattle, serological examination and vaccination of the animals is recommended. Efficiency of the application of these measures should be conducted by applying recommended serological tests and detection of causative agent should be done by PCR method. A study on the comparative examination of efficiency, of different vaccination protocols has not yet been conducted. This would refer primarily to the duration of vaccination program, animal categories that are supposed to be vaccinated and timing for vaccination. A significant decrease in the level of infection was found after vaccination during the first years upon application of vaccination program. When vaccination in heifers was done before pregnancy with vaccines containing C.burnetii phase I strains, it was five times less likely that the infection would occur. Vaccination of cows with chronic infection prevents shedding of riketsia via milk, regardless whether the shedding is constant or intermittent. Vaccination represents a new concept of suppression of this zoonozes in the terms of human protection, and also in the terms of creating areas free from Q-fever in endemic regions. General preventive measures applied in the case of Q-fever infection are: movement restriction, separation of animals, restriction of milk and wool, adequate hygiene, using the protective clothing, desinfection of equipement and vechicles, removing of placenta particles, removing of manure, quarantine after calving and lambing and not use common grazing. People proffesionally exposed to the risk from infection should be educated about the disease.
DETECTION OF AEROLYSIN (aerA) GENE IN AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA STRAINS ISOLATED FROM DISEASED CARP
Authors: Radosavljević Vladimir , Ćirković Miroslav , Ljubojević Dragana , Novakov Nikolina , Cvetojević Đorđe , Žutić Jadranka , Milićević Vesna
Published: June 2020

Bacterial septicemia caused by motile aeromonads is common infection in the intensive fish production. Aeromonas (A.) hydrophila is often present in fish populations. Ubiquitous distribution of these bacteria in the aquatic environment, and the stress caused by intensive breeding are predisposing factors for the occurence of the disease. A. hydrophila is considered a major cause of septicaemia caused by motile aeromonads. Several A. hydrophila extracellular products (ECP) are considered as important factors in pathogenesis, primarily aerolysin (aerA), the extracellular lipase, cytolytic enterotoxin, hemolytic toxin and extracellular proteases. PCR detection of aerolysin (aerA) is considered a reliable method of identifying potentially pathogenic Aeromonas strains. In spring 2012, after a sudden increase in water temperature, disease occured in common carp population in one fish farm in Serbia. Five specimens of the one-year-old carp with clinical symptoms of motile aeromonas septicaemia were used for isolation of the bacteria. Identification of A. hydrophila was done on the basis of morphological, physiological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. PCR amplification of DNA from A. hydrophila isolates revealed presence of aerolysin (aerA) gene in all examined A. hydrophila isolates from carp with motile aeromonas septicaemia.