bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of self-stratification on sediment diffusivity in channel flows and boundary layers: a study using direct numerical simulations
Authors: Dutta S. , Cantero M. I. , Garcia M. H.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Sediment transport in nature comprises of bedload and suspended load, and precise modelling of these processes is essential for accurate sediment flux estimation. Traditionally, non-cohesive suspended sediment has been modelled using the advection–diffusion equation (Garcia, 2008), where the success of the model is largely dependent on accurate approximation of the sediment diffusion coefficients. The current study explores the effect of self-stratification on sediment diffusivity using suspended sediment concentration data from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of flows subjected to different levels of stratification, where the level of stratification is dependent on the particle size (parameterized using particle fall velocity Ṽ and volume-averaged sediment concentration (parameterized using shear Richardson number Riτ. Two distinct configurations were explored, first the channel flow configuration (similar to flow in a pipe or a duct) and second, a boundary-layer configuration (similar to open-channel flow). Self-stratification was found to modulate the turbulence intensity (Cantero et al., 2009b), which in turn was found to reduce vertical sediment diffusivity in portions of the domain exposed to turbulence damping. The effect of particle size on vertical sediment diffusivity has been studied in the past by several authors (Rouse, 1937; Coleman, 1970; Nielsen and Teakle, 2004); so in addition to the effect of particle size, the current study also explores the effect of sediment concentration on vertical sediment diffusivity. The results from the DNS simulations were compared with experiments (Ismail, 1952; Coleman, 1986) and field measurements (Coleman, 1970), and were found to agree qualitatively, especially for the case of channel flows. The aim of the study is to understand the effect of stratification due to suspended sediment on vertical sediment diffusivity for different flow configurations, in order to gain insight of the underlying physics, which will eventually help us to improve the existing models for sediment diffusivity.
The characteristics of lightning risk and zoning in Beijing simulated by a risk assessment model
Authors: Hu H. , Wang J. , Pan J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In this study, the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash/stroke density was derived from the lightning location finder (LLF) data recorded between 2007 and 2011. The vulnerability of land surfaces was then assessed from the classification of the study areas into buildings, outdoor areas under the building canopy and open-field areas, which makes it convenient to deduce the location factor and confirm the protective capability. Subsequently, the potential number of dangerous lightning events at a location could be estimated from the product of the CG stroke density and the location's vulnerability. Although the human beings and all their material properties are identically exposed to lightning, the lightning casualty risk and property loss risk was assessed respectively due to their vulnerability discrepancy. Our analysis of the CG flash density in Beijing revealed that the valley of JuMaHe to the southwest, the ChangPing–ShunYi zone downwind of the Beijing metropolis, and the mountainous PingGu–MiYun zone near the coast are the most active lightning areas, with densities greater than 1.5 flashes km−2 year−1. Moreover, the mountainous northeastern, northern, and northwestern rural areas are relatively more vulnerable to lightning because the high-elevation terrain attracts lightning and there is little protection. In contrast, lightning incidents by induced lightning are most likely to occur in densely populated urban areas, and the property damage caused by lightning here is more extensive than that in suburban and rural areas. However, casualty incidents caused by direct lightning strokes seldom occur in urban areas. On the other hand, the simulation based on the lightning risk assessment model (LRAM) demonstrates that the casualty risk is higher in rural areas, whereas the property loss risk is higher in urban areas, and this conclusion is also supported by the historical casualty and damage reports.
Sensitivity of the WRF model to the lower boundary in an extreme precipitation event – Madeira island case study
Authors: Teixeira J. C. , Carvalho A. C. , Carvalho M. J. , Luna T. , Rocha A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The advances in satellite technology in recent years have made feasible the acquisition of high-resolution information on the Earth's surface. Examples of such information include elevation and land use, which have become more detailed. Including this information in numerical atmospheric models can improve their results in simulating lower boundary forced events, by providing detailed information on their characteristics. Consequently, this work aims to study the sensitivity of the weather research and forecast (WRF) model to different topography as well as land-use simulations in an extreme precipitation event. The test case focused on a topographically driven precipitation event over the island of Madeira, which triggered flash floods and mudslides in the southern parts of the island. Difference fields between simulations were computed, showing that the change in the data sets produced statistically significant changes to the flow, the planetary boundary layer structure and precipitation patterns. Moreover, model results show an improvement in model skill in the windward region for precipitation and in the leeward region for wind, in spite of the non-significant enhancement in the overall results with higher-resolution data sets of topography and land use.
Brief Communication: Contrast stretching and histogram smoothness based flood detection
Authors: Nazir F. , Riaz M. M. , Ghafoor A. , Arif F.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Synthetic aperture radar images used for flood detection often have degraded contrast, which consequently leads to inaccurate flood maps. A technique for flood detection based on contrast stretching and histogram smoothing is proposed. The proposed technique applies different processing steps (based on contrast stretching and histogram smoothness) on pre, post and difference images to improve visualization by maintaining the natural smoothness.
The influence of the grain-size, mineralogical and geo-chemical composition on the Verdesca landslide
Authors: Summa V. , Margiotta S. , Colaiacovo R. , Giannossi M. L.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Silty sands and clayey silts taken from a landslide in the Agri Valley have been analyzed in order to study the role of sediment composition on the slope stability and the development of a slip zone. A geognostic hole was used to collect samples and monitor movements. A slip zone at a depth of about 14 m was identified. Compositional and physical-mechanical characterization of samples were carried out. Some compositional characters, such as 32–2 μm grain-size fraction, clay mineral content, Cation Exchange Capacity and total nitrogen, increase in the slip zone. Some correlations have been found between geotechnical properties (residual shear strength and residual friction angle) and the same compositional characters, which can therefore be considered possible factors influencing slope stability.
Soil–landform–plant communities relationships of a periglacial landscape at Potter Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica
Authors: Poelking E. L. , Schaefer C. E. R. , Fernandes Filho E. I. , de Andrade A. M. , Spielmann A. A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Integrated studies on the interplay between soils, periglacial geomorphology and plant communities are crucial for the understanding of climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems of Maritime Antarctica, one of the most sensitive areas to global warming. Knowledge on physical environmental factors that influence plant communities can greatly benefit studies on monitoring climate change in Maritime Antarctica, where new ice-free areas are being constantly exposed, allowing plant growth and organic carbon inputs. The relationship between topography, plant communities and soils was investigated in Potter Peninsula, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica. We mapped the occurrence and distribution of plant communities and identified soil–landform–vegetation relationships. The vegetation map was obtained by classification of a Quickbird image, coupled with detailed landform and characterization of 18 soil profiles. The sub-formations were identified and classified, and we also determined the total elemental composition of lichens, mosses and grasses. Plant communities at Potter Peninsula occupy 23% of the ice-free area, at different landscape positions, showing decreasing diversity and biomass from the coastal zone to inland areas where sub-desert conditions prevail. There is a clear dependency between landform and vegetated soils. Soils with greater moisture or poorly drained, and acid to neutral pH, are favourable for mosses subformations. Saline, organic-matter rich ornithogenic soils of former penguin rookeries have greater biomass and diversity, with mixed associations of mosses and grasses, while stable felseenmeers and flat rocky cryoplanation surfaces are the preferred sites for Usnea and Himantormia lugubris lichens, at the highest surface. Lichens subformations cover the largest vegetated area, showing varying associations with mosses.
Intermediate Appellate Review of Commercial Law Decisions in Turkey
Authors: Tepe Berna
Published: August 2014

The judiciary in Turkey is still preparing for the expected intermediate appellate review (istinaf) mechanism in Turkey although the official date for its functioning is yet to be specified. Under Turkish law, a first instance court decision can be appealed not because an assertion or a claim is rejected, but due to a substantive or procedural norm of law which should have been applied during the proceedings in an accurate manner. The scope of such review also covers the suitability of the first instance court’s decision. There are nonfunctional aspects to the judicial review as specified in the 2011 Code of Civil Procedure of which a major column of novelties consist of the suspended mechanism of dual appellate review. However, the 2011 Code of Civil Procedure regulates the intermediate appellate review as a series of procedural acts and steps. The reasons to appeal a first instance court’s decision can rather be deduced from the provisions of 2011 Code of Civil Procedure. In order to structure the reasons and stages of the intermediate appellate review in Turkey, a distinction is made in the present article between (i) review over the appeal’s conditions of admissibility, (ii) review of the decision’s legality, (iii) review of the decision’s legitimacy. Rationally, the reasons for intermediate appellate review should be construed as to accomodate at least the grounds for higher appellate review as well as the extraordinary judiciary review. As different areas of private law are based on different principles, it is noteworthy that cases referred to herein pertain to commercial law. Finally, due to the parallelism between the Turkish and the French legal systems, references to decisions given by the French jurisdiction on commercial matters are made throughout the present article.
Study on the Shock-transmission Mechanism of Stock Price among China, Russia and India
Authors: Chen Menggen
Published: August 2014

Researchers pay more and more attention on the price comovement-effect among international stock markets. This paper deals with the transmission mechanism of price shocks among three stock markets of China, Russia and India, with a sample of weekly returns. The results showed that the price fluctuation of each market has an influence on other markets, although the price behavior is significantly independent. The impact of external price innovations will last 5 or 6 weeks usually and disappear after about 8 weeks. The pattern of transmission-mechanism for the price shocks is very different from each other. Besides, a further study revealed that the influence of external shocks on the domestic stock price increased significantly among the three markets after the 2008 international financial crisis.
Factors Effecting E-Learning Preference: An Analysis On Turkish University Students From Government and Private Institutions
Authors: Çağlar Emine Sevinç , Turgut Tülay
Published: August 2014

Informationand communications technology has become an important tool in education. The use of online e-learning by members of educational communities isincreasing, and this seems to bean accelerating tendency that will go on for the coming years. So it isimportant to identify and address students’ preferences or their anxieties ine-learning, to offer beneficial programs. Although Turkish educational system,especially in universities, is also taking action parallel to this globaltrend, there is only limited research on the subject. Present study aims tofill this gap, andto identify effective factors while highlighting theircontributions on e-learning preferences of university students. The sample ofthe study consist 606 university students from both government and privateinstitutions which enables group comparisons. Results indicate ‘reduction intraining costs’ and ‘time flexibility of the programs’ are the most valuedfactors to prefer e-learning. On the other hand,having courses and the exams on the internet was not found to be muchfavorable. With respect to demographic variables such as age, gender,private/government university, department, and grade (the year at theuniversity) group differences were identified. Based on the findings,suggestions were presented.
The Effects of EU Customs Union Integration on Turkish Intra-industry Trade
Authors: Yucel Gulcin Elif
Published: August 2014

EU is the major trade partner of Turkey with a significant share in total trade flows. Since Turkey switched from import substitution strategy to export-led growth strategy in 1980, import restrictions were eliminated. In January 1996, Customs Union (CU) with EU countries was put into force, which is a turning point in Turkey's foreign trade and is a considerable attempt towards trade liberalization. It is generally expected that intra-industry trade (IIT) is greater in the countries that experienced an economic integration. In this paper, the relation between the integration process and the intensity of IIT between Turkey and EU countries will be examined by comparing before-and-after periods of Turkey's CU membership. All calculations are made for the manufacturing sector by using Turkish bilateral trade data for 1990-2009 period and 2-digit ISIC Rev. 3 data.
Accounting Education Approach in the Context of New Turkish Commercial Code and Turkish Accounting Standards
Authors: Kızıl Cevdet , Çetin Ayşe Tansel , Bulunmaz Ahmed
Published: August 2014

The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards on accounting education. This study takes advantage of the survey method for gathering information and running the research analysis. For this purpose, questionnaire forms are distributed to university students personally and via the internet.This paper includes significant research questions such as “Are accounting academicians informed and knowledgeable on new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards?”, “Do accounting academicians integrate new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards to their lectures?”, “How does modern accounting education methodology and technology coincides with the teaching of new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards?”, “Do universities offer mandatory and elective courses which cover the new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards?” and “If such courses are offered, what are their names, percentage in the curriculum and degree of coverage?”Research contributes to the literature in several ways. Firstly, new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards are current significant topics for the accounting profession. Furthermore, the accounting education provides a basis for the implementations in public and private sector. Besides, one of the intentions of new Turkish commercial code and Turkish accounting standards is to foster transparency. That is definitely a critical concept also in terms of mergers, acquisitions and investments. Stakeholders of today’s business world such as investors, shareholders, entrepreneurs, auditors and government are in need of more standardized global accounting principles Thus, revision and redesigning of accounting educations plays an important role. Emphasized points also clearly prove the necessity and functionality of this research.
Histologic Evaluation of in vivo Femtosecond Laser–Generated Capsulotomies Reveals a Potential Cause for Radial Capsular Tears
Authors: Schultz Tim , Joachim Stephanie C. , Tischoff Iris , Dick H. Burkhard
Published: August 2014

Purpose

To compare histologically the size and appearance of capsule disks after femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery and conventional cataract surgery.

Methods

In 100 eyes of 100 patients with visually significant cataracts, a femtosecond laser capsulotomy or a capsulorhexis with an aimed diameter of 5.0 mm was performed by one experienced surgeon. The diameter, area, circularity, and cut quality was histologically examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Results

The mean diameter of the manual and the femtosecond laser capsule disk group were not statistically significantly different (manual 4.91 ± 0.34; femtosecond: 4.93 ± 0.03; p = 0.58). The mean area of the capsule disks was 18.85 ± 2.69 mm2 in the manual and 19.03 ± 0.26 mm2 in the femtosecond group (p = 0.64). The capsules of the femtosecond group (0.95 ± 0.02) were significantly more circular than the ones of the manual group (0.81 ± 0.07; p<0.0001). The femtosecond laser capsule disks displayed a more saw blade–like structure created through the single laser spots. The histologic examination combined with prospective video analysis revealed respiratory movement of the eye during the capsulotomy as a potential risk factor for redial tears.

Conclusions

Femtosecond laser can perform a capsulotomy with high reliability. In comparison to a highly experienced cataract surgeon, the achieved results in size are similar. In terms of circularity, the femtosecond laser was superior the manual procedure. Better refractive outcomes based on a 360°-degree optic overlap seem to be possible, especially for less experienced surgeons.
Pilot Study of Glaucoma Drainage Implant Surgery Supplemented with Reticulated Hyaluronic Acid Gel in Severe Glaucoma
Authors: Välimäki Juha O.
Published: August 2014

Purpose

This pilot study, the first of its type, was conducted to determine the clinical outcome of glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery supplemented with injectable crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) in patients with severe glaucoma.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart study involving 10 eyes of 10 patients with severe glaucoma (glaucomatous visual field loss worse than −20 dB) who had previously undergone GDI surgery supplemented with crosslinked HA with a 2-year follow-up. Surgical success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <21 mm Hg with a reduction of ≥40% (definition A) or ≥50% (definition B) from baseline IOP on 2 consecutive follow-up visits, IOP >5 mm Hg on 2 consecutive follow-up visits, and neither reoperation of glaucoma nor loss of light perception vision.

Results

The mean ± SD baseline IOP before GDI was 38.5 ± 10.7 mm Hg, and the mean IOP at the last follow-up visit was 13.0 ± 5.0 mm Hg, with a mean pressure drop of 24.4 ± 10.9 mm Hg (62%; p = 0.005). According to definition A, life-table analysis showed an overall success rate of 80%, while according to definition B, the success rate was 50% after 24 months of follow-up. Complications were infrequent and not serious. No complications resulting from the reticulated HA therapy itself were observed.

Conclusions

In eyes with severe glaucoma, the intraoperative application of crosslinked sodium HA gel may improve the efficacy of GDI surgery.
Arthroscopic hip surgery with a microfracture procedure of the hip: clinical outcomes with two-year follow-up
Authors: Domb Benjamin G. , El Bitar Youssef F. , Lindner Dror , Jackson Timothy J. , Stake Christine E.
Published: August 2014

Background

Outcome studies assessing a cohort of patients receiving microfracture in the hip have focused on second look arthroscopy and return to sport, which have shown favourable results in the absence of osteoarthritis. Few studies exist focusing on clinical outcomes after microfracture in the hip using patient reported outcome (PRO) scores. The purpose of this study is to evaluate two-year clinical outcomes of a series of patients treated with microfracture during arthroscopic hip surgery using PRO scores.

Methods

During the study period, all workers’ compensation (WC) and non-WC patients treated with microfracture during arthroscopic hip surgery were included. Four PRO scores, pain scores and satisfaction were used to assess clinical outcomes. Any revision surgeries or conversions to total hip arthroplasty (THA) were noted. Location of microfracture procedure, lesion size and additional variables assessed survivorship.

Results

Thirty-seven cases met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, of which 30 patients (30/37, 81%) were available for minimum two-year follow-up. Twenty-six patients were classified as survivors. Preoperative scores for patients with WC status were lower than non-WC patients and statistically significant (p<0.5) for three of the PROs. However, changes in all four PRO measurements demonstrated statistically significant improvements from preoperative to two-year follow-up for both compensation groups (p<0.05). The amount of change in PRO scores for both compensation groups was similar and not statistically significant. Two patients required THA and two patients required revision arthroscopy.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates statistically significant clinical improvement in PRO's after receiving microfracture during arthroscopic hip surgery at minimum two-year follow-up.
Higher Wear-Rate of Third-Generation Metal-Backed Reflection Cups with Eto-Sterilised UHMWPE at a Mean 13 Years Follow-up
Authors: Hengst David M. , Thomsen Per B. , Homilius Morten , Hansen Torben B. , Stilling Maiken
Published: August 2014

Polyethylene (PE) wear and osteolysis is a recognised problem with non-cross linked PE liners and first generation modular cup designs. Wear particles induce osteolysis leading to aseptic loosening. We retrospectively compared the linear PE wear and implant survival and revision rates of the Reflection Cup and the Duraloc 300. After a mean clinical follow-up of 13 years (range 11-15 years), the 2D linear PE wear-rate of the Reflection liner (n = 68) was 0.23 mm/year, with a mean total wear of 3.14 mm (1.04-7.36), SD 1.45. The wear-rate of the Duraloc 300 cups (n = 32) was 0.14 mm/year, with a mean total wear of 1.84 mm (0.55-4.63), SD 1.07. The difference in PE wear-rate as well as mean total wear was highly significant (p = 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between wear-rate and both Oxford Hip Score and Harris Hip Score (p = 0.02). Large acetabular cup size (>54 mm), HA coating on the stem and age <50 years did not influence PE wear. The higher wear-rate in the Reflection liners could be related to the EtO sterilisation. Intermediate and long-term follow-up is advisable.
Antibiotic Mixing through Impacted Bone Grafts Does Not Seem Indicated in Two-Stage Cemented Hip Revisions for Septic Loosening
Authors: Elbers Joris B.W. , Leijtens Borg , van Werven Hannah E. , Sturm Patrick D. , Kullberg Bart Jan , Schreurs Berend W.
Published: August 2014

Impaction bone grafts (IBG) in two-stage revision for prosthetic hip infection (PHI) might be more susceptible for infection, therefore antibiotic mixing through these grafts has been suggested. However, outcomes have not been compared with IBG without antibiotics and no long-term results are available. Therefore, we evaluated long-term infection-free outcome after the use of IBG without antibiotic supplement in two-stage revision for PHI. Patients were divided into positive (group 1, n = 8) and negative (group 2, n = 28) cultures at re-implantation and followed up to 18 years after re-implantation. Five of 36 patients died from non-orthopaedic causes (median 37, range 24-149 months). Five patients had a re-operation not related to infection (median 39, range 7-140 months). These were censored in the Kaplan-Meier estimator at the last outpatient evaluation. We found an overall re-infection rate of 2.8% within two years, which matches comparative studies in which antibiotic impregnated bone grafts had been used. In group 1, there was one re-infection after 44 months. In group 2, all three infections occurred within 56 months with an estimated infection-free percentage at 10 years of 87% (95% CI 66-96). Follow-up should be extended beyond two years and randomised clinical trials are needed for further comparison with IBG impregnated with antibiotics.
A Case Series of 35 Hip Revisions for Adverse Reactions to Metal Debris following Cormet Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Norris Rory J. , McArthur John , Parsons Helen , Smith Nicholas A. , Sprowson Andrew P. , Foguet Pedro
Published: August 2014

The primary aim of this study was to analyse our painful metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing revisions with evidence of ‘adverse reactions to metal debris’ (ARMD). In our series of 35 revisions the median whole blood Cobalt levels were 58 nmols/l (range 12-1407 nmols/l), and whole blood Chromium levels were 73 nmols/l (range 2-353 nmols/l). Thirty-four of our 35 patients had abnormal imaging on Ultrasound scanning (USS). The mean histological Campbell grading of ARMD was 4, and ranged from 0-9. The mean Oxford Hip Score (OHS) increased from 19 pre-revision (range 4-46) to 33 post-revision surgery (range 23-47).

We found no correlation between the preoperative metal ion levels, and the severity of the disease or the outcome.

Pain following hip resurfacing may arise from a number of causes and when groin pain arises in conjunction with abnormal cross sectional imaging we have offered our patients revision surgery regardless of raised metal ions or grossly abnormal imaging, with good results.
Self-Reported Neurological Clinical Manifestations of Metal Toxicity in Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: van Lingen Christiaan P. , Ettema Harmen B. , Van Der Straeten Catherine , Kollen Bouwdewijn J. , Verheyen Cees C.P.M.
Published: August 2014

Adverse reactions to metal particle debris have been increasingly reported as a complication following large head metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasty. Elevated metal ion levels are a cause for concern. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exposure to cobalt is associated with patient characteristics and symptoms of neuropathy, representing nervous system dysfunction. A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing patients with a MoM total hip arthroplasty and patients with a conventional hip arthroplasty. They received three questionnaires, one to assess neurotoxic complaints and two standardised self-administered questionnaires to identify symptoms that are suggestive of peripheral neuropathy. Current and historical data were available for whole blood cobalt levels in all patients. We analysed potential predictive factors for cobalt based on five different cut-off levels (0-2, 2-4, 4-10, 10-20, >20 µg/L). We performed 723 MoM total hip arthroplasties in 643 patients in our clinic. The response rate was 89%. Male-female ratio was 236/280, median age 63.6 years (30-72) with a mean follow-up of 50.6 months (20-86). We also sent the questionnaires to 98 patients in the control group. An increase in the incidence of reported symptoms was not consistent with higher serum cobalt levels. Female gender was the only consistent predictive factor for serum cobalt at different cobalt cut-off levels in the multivariate analysis. The study population did not show an increase in reported symptoms with elevated cobalt levels. Neurotoxic symptoms and whole blood cobalt levels did not show a consistent relationship with different dichotomised levels of cobalt exposure.
Politics and the Necessity of Narrative
Authors: Kahn Paul W.
Published: August 2014

After a brief inquiry into aesthetic theory, this article considers what role, if any, the beautiful has in political theory. It concludes that to think beauty has a political role is to confuse the beautiful with the charismatic. Beauty is contrasted with charisma through a reflection on how each distinguishes itself from ordinary temporal experience. Charisma and beauty both point to the transcendent, but they take different attitudes toward historical narrative. The beautiful resists narrative, showing itself as a sort of timelessness. The charismatic points to the entry of the transcendent into time as a founding moment. Political meaning is dependent upon a narrative of the sacred quality of foundations. That narrative gives the state its particularity and accounts for the plurality of politics. The atemporality of the beautiful founds a universal claim that is incommensurable with the particularity of narrative and the plural character of states.
American Race and Charismatic License: Finding Martín de Porres in Obama
Authors: Garces Chris
Published: August 2014

Problematizing the saintly reputation of seventeenth-century Dominican servant Martín de Porres, this article explores a little-known, late medieval Spanish form of agency, or licencia, with which a mulato colonial monastic could influence his Spanish Creole superiors, perform miracles, and gain a widespread reputation for superhuman piety. I ask: under what specific conditions could licencia have been wielded by nonwhite Christian subjects to manipulate the shifting moral orders of early modern Spanish Creole hegemony? I also explore how the politicization of racialized charisma continues to depend on a logic of licencia. Tracking resonances between the Spanish Creole veneration of a mulato figure in seventeenth-century Peru with the recent election of a “mixed race” president in the United States, this article reads together theology and politics to demonstrate the fraught beauty, or legal “beatification,” of racialized charisma.
Did 9/11 Change the New York State of Mind? Lessons from NYC's Leisure and Hospitality Labour Market
Authors: LeFebvre Rebecca , Marktanner Marcus
Published: August 2014

The authors show that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 caused a permanent structural break in NYC's leisure and hospitality labour market. This structural break is visible from both an interrupted time-series perspective and a comparison with NYC's overall economic development. Assuming that the labour market dynamics of the leisure and hospitality industry mirror a city's feel in the hedonism–asceticism spectrum, the authors conclude that the 9/11 terrorist attacks have permanently shifted ‘New York's state of mind’ from hedonism towards asceticism. These results suggest that greater attention must be given to the formulation of effective industry marketing strategies in response to the legacy of urban terrorism.
Does the Investment Climate Determine the Transformation of Tourism Growth into Economic Development?
Authors: Cárdenas-García Pablo Juan , Pulido-Fernández Juan Ignacio
Published: August 2014

Currently, there are opposing views concerning the capacity of economic growth resulting from the expansion of tourism activity to influence an increase in the level of a country's economic development. In recent years a school of thought has been consolidating that there is no automatic relationship between the two, but that certain circumstances must occur in the structural foundations of a country for such a link to be made. The investment climate plays a decisive role in the economic development of a society. The aim of this paper is to identify, through a country-level empirical analysis, which specific factors related to the investment climate promote or hinder the transformation of tourism growth into an improvement of the living conditions of the population. The end result is that, in those countries with lower levels of development, the lack of an appropriate investment climate complicates this relationship (unlike in developed countries). Thus, continuing to invest in tourism in these countries without first solving the issues affecting the investment climate will lead to a failure of such investment.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA DA COMPLEXIDADE E DA AUTOPOIESE PARA A EDUCOMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: VIEIRA Toni André Scharlau
Published: August 2014

Até aqui a área de Comunicação tem estabelecido uma grande aproximação com a área de Educação, resultando, inclusive, na proposição de uma nova perspectiva de estudos e atuação profissional, a Educomunicação. Os conteúdos produzidos dialogam, especialmente, com as produções do campo pedagógico e os debates que incluem questões curriculares e pensamentos já consagrados como os de Paulo Freire, Piaget, Ismar Oliveira Soares, Mário Kaplun, entre outros. Nesse texto a proposta é realizar um debate onde esses autores, apesar da reconhecida referência e inegável valor intelectual, não se colocam como as principais fontes de diálogo. O objetivo é aproximar a área de Comunicação do pensamento complexo de Edgar Morin e as propostas avançadas de novas teorias que sempre estiveram preocupadas em produzir interrelações com áreas tão diversas como a Física e o Taoísmo, caso de Fritjof Capra, ou a Biologia e a Educação, como se propõe Humberto Maturana Romesín. Assim, a partir de raciocínios comunicacionais que já buscam a interdisciplinaridade (no caso a professora Cremilda Medina), o presente texto se propõe a ampliar uma discussão que possa complexificar a chamada Educomunicação, trazendo para debate um aprofundamento de questões teóricas com áreas que também questionam os saberes compartimentalizados e propõem novos olhares sobre o assunto. O texto, portanto, é uma abertura de debate e uma propositura para que os pesquisadores possam contribuir com a discussão.
QUANDO O RÁDIO JÁ NÃO É MAIS UM SIMPLES ELETRODOMÉSTICO: SOBRE AS RUPTURAS GERACIONAIS NO AMBIENTE FAMILIAR
Authors: LOPES DA SILVA Anderson
Published: August 2014

Resenha crítica sobre o livro "Modos de ouvir: a escuta do rádio ao longo de três gerações" (2012), de Mônica Panis Kaseker.
O papel do compositor da canção midiática como catalisador de processos de identificação cultural
Authors: ANAZ Sílvio Antonio Luiz
Published: August 2014

Este artigo desenvolve uma reflexão sobre o papel do compositor da canção midiática a partir da perspectiva de algumas das principais teorias da comunicação e da cultura. Busca-se analisar os elementos que atuam no processo criativo do compositor, considerando sua inserção na lógica de consumo e produção da indústria cultural e dos meios de comunicação de massa. A reflexão contrapõe duas visões sobre o papel desse sujeito como consumidor/receptor e produtor/emissor: a do paradigma clássico da comunicação, baseada no esquema estímulo-resposta e na ideia de manipulação ideológica e controle do destinatário, e a que vê o fenômeno a partir das múltiplas interações comunicacionais e da capacidade do destinatário de ressignificar o conteúdo desses produtos. A reflexão mostra como os fenômenos da mediação e da identificação cultural exercem papeis centrais na complexidade do processo de criação da canção midiática.
O ex-voto como media folkcomunicacional
Authors: OLIVEIRA José Cláudio
Published: August 2014

Trazer uma fundamentação teórica para dar base ao ex-voto não é tarefa difícil, pois esse objeto reside em várias fontes científicas. Todavia, cabe aqui apontar os caminhos que trouxeram os estudos em dois fortes campos que acolhe o artigo: a cultura, por se tratar de objetos que estão expostos em ambientes de visitação, seja no museu, seja nas “salas de milagres”; e a comunicação social, que norteia o ex-voto, como media, nas áreas da semiótica, semiologia, na iconografia e no mundo da informação que o ex-voto alavanca, notadamente num novo caminho denominado folkcomunicação, ou de forma mais clara: na comunicação da cultural popular.
Perspectivas do campo criativo e as práticas institucionalizadas no Ensino Superior de Criação Publicitária
Authors: PETERMANN Juliana , HANSEN Fábio , STÉFANI CORREA Rodrigo
Published: August 2014

Neste artigo daremos continuidade e amplitude a uma investigação que possui como preocupação central o ensino superior de criação publicitária e a sala de aula como campo de observação. O nosso objeto de estudo são as práticas pedagógicas de professores em disciplinas da área de criação publicitária. A ida a campo prevê a coleta de materiais didáticos e a gravação em áudio e vídeo de aulas de disciplinas cuja finalidade é o ensino de criação publicitária na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) e na Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Como esta nova etapa da pesquisa está em fase inicial, a intenção aqui é compartilhar a essência da proposta da pesquisa, com hipóteses, resultados esperados e, em especial, o aporte teórico, construído sobre dois eixos: o dos conceitos de institucionalização de Berger e Luckmann (2008), e de habitus e dos capitais, a partir de Bourdieu.
A longevidade de uma campanha publicitária: uma sistematização teórica sobre o tema a partir do seu estado da arte
Authors: TOALDO Mariângela Machado , MACHADO Maria Berenice Da Costa
Published: August 2014

Reflexão sobre a teoria que ampara o tema campanha publicitária, com destaque para suas características, tipos e duração. Toma-se como exemplo uma campanha veiculada por 12 anos, semanalmente, em um jornal impresso, para promover a discussão sobre extensão e longevidade de uma campanha. Por fim, reconhece-se elementos constituintes das peças de uma campanha publicitária que permitem sua força persuasiva e sua perenidade.
A dádiva como potencialidade nas organizações
Authors: MATOS Heloiza
Published: August 2014

O presente artigo problematiza a predominância do paradigma neoliberal nos debates sobre a motivação das decisões humanas, frente às teorias ligadas ao holismo. As limitações das duas correntes são apresentadas e contrapostas à perspectiva da dádiva como alternativa às interações sociais no âmbito das organizações e dos esforços para promover a humanização em suas atividades. A abordagem do capital social é referendada, por fim, como potencialidade para a renovação da gestão e da comunicação organizacional.
Transferência e validação de tecnologias agropecuárias a partir de instituições de pesquisa
Authors: Dereti Rogério Morcelles
Published: August 2014

Este artigo aborda a renovação de alguns dos pressupostos que orientam o processo de inovação na agricultura brasileira, inclusive a definição do escopo das expressões “transferência de tecnologia” e “validação tecnológica”. A primeira delas é frequentemente sobreposta pelo conceito de difusão de tecnologia, enquanto a segunda é confundida com a noção de reprodutibilidade experimental. Esta indefinição compromete a geração e o acesso aos resultados das instituições de pesquisa agropecuária, a adoção de tecnologias pelos agricultores e a co-responsabilidade pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico entre pesquisa e usuários, uma vez que estes conceitos permeiam as políticas, os programas e planos para o desenvolvimento e a inovação no espaço rural. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para a construção de referenciais teóricos que facilitem a ordenação de conhecimentos e de práticas que pos-sibilitem a ampla inclusão de diferentes atores no processo de geração e acesso às tecnologias agrícolas, em alternativa aos modelos com predominância do viés tecnocrático e econômico clássico. As reflexões aqui apresentadas reforçam a necessidade de revisão dos modelos de desenvolvimento tecnológico e rural, sob a perspectiva da autonomia tecnológica de quem produz e do desenvolvimento sustentável.
Os limites da Pegada Ecológica
Authors: Maduro-Abreu Alexandre , Nascimento Daniel Trento , Machado Luciana Oliveira Rosa , Costa Helena Araujo
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste artigo foi o de analisar a metodologia da pegada ecológica. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão teórica sobre o tema e aplicados modelos lineares simples de regressão a fim de identificar, individualmente, o grau de associação e explicação das variáveis independentes (renda, eficiência, uso de recursos e densidade populacional) em relação à variável dependente pegada ecológica. A principal conclusão foi que a pegada ecológica per capita é diretamente proporcional à renda per capita e que a renda é o principal componente do indicador, respondendo por 74% da sua composição.
Conflitos ambientais e lutas materiais e simbólicas
Authors: Viégas Rodrigo Nuñez
Published: August 2014

O presente artigo discute a questão ambiental na perspectiva do conflito social. Aqui lutas sociais envol-vendo questões ambientais são consideradas como momentos da constituição de um “campo ambiental” onde se encontram em jogo as condições de apropriação material e simbólica de bases de recursos ter-ritorializados. A noção de “campo ambiental” como um campo de forças pretende exprimir a dinâmica relacional do mundo social, onde indivíduos ou grupos sociais ocupam deferentes posições num espaço social constituído por relações, nele travando embates que põem em questão a distribuição de poder tanto material como simbólico. Os conflitos ambientais instituem assim o meio ambiente como categoria em torno da qual as práticas sociais são classificadas segundo distintos níveis de legitimidade.
Hans Jonas e a proposta de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica
Authors: Alencastro Mario Sergio
Published: August 2014

A crise ambiental contemporânea é o cenário a partir do qual se desenvolve o presente artigo. As sociedades modernas estão diante de um grande paradoxo, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que a tecnologia se faz cada vez mais presente na vida das pessoas, as suas consequências, muitas vezes imprevisíveis e perigosas para o ser humano e meio ambiente, estão impondo novas reflexões axiológicas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal do trabalho é discutir a possibilidade da formulação de uma ética de responsabilidade, em face da crise ambiental da civilização técnico-científica. Para tanto, tomou-se como referência a teoria ética proposta por Hans Jonas, autor emblemático no campo do ambientalismo e cuja contribuição teórica parece mais pertinente às questões que serão abordadas.
A ideia da natureza como patrimônio: um percurso histórico
Authors: Roncaglio Cynthia
Published: August 2014

O artigo estabelece conexões históricas entre algumas representações sociais da natureza que se esboçam no e sobre o Brasil e que permitem vislumbrar como, ao longo do tempo, constrói-se a ideia da natureza como um bem patrimonial. Para tanto, discute as diversas descobertas do Brasil como nação e as tentativas, contrárias e contraditórias, do poder público e dos seus representantes de proteger a natureza e dar a ela um status de patrimônio. Embora alguns conservacionistas tenham tentado superar uma ótica utilitarista e antropocêntrica sobre a natureza, foi esta que prevaleceu na política patrimonial brasileira.
Diálogos interdisciplinares para uma agenda socioambiental: breve inventário do debate sobre ciência, sociedade e natureza
Authors: FLORIANI Dimas
Published: August 2014

O debate sobre ciência, sociedade e natureza, na perspectiva da construção de um novo conhecimento interdisciplinar, exige uma reflexão crítica sobre os fundamentos da racionalidade científica moderna. Por outro lado, a crítica que se faz ao conhecimento científico, coincide com a crítica ao fracionamento que se faz entre sociedade e natureza, com todas as suas implicações sócio-culturais e políticas. Razão instrumental e sistema de crenças andam juntos. Daí que uma crítica profunda sobre a racionalidade e as práticas científicas, no âmbito da relação sociedade-natureza, deve buscar reaproximar os saberes disciplinares, principalmente os das ciências da vida, da natureza e da sociedade. Esse diálogo entre saberes científicos não pode, entretanto, excluir as outras formas de conhecimento do mundo, da natureza e das sociedades. ABSTRACT The debate on science, nature and society, from the perspective of the construction of a new interdisciplinary knowledge, requires critical refelctions on the bases of modern scientific rationality. On the other hand, the critique of scientific knowledge that has been made coincides with the critique of the division between society and nature, with all of its socio-cultural and political implications. Instrumental reason and belief system develop together. Therefore, a deep critique of rationality and scientific practices, from the perspective of the societynature relationship, should seek to bring the knowledge that has been separated into different disciplines closer together again, especially with regard to the life sciences, that is, those of nature and society. This dialogue between fields of scientific knowledge should not, at the same time, exclude other forms of knowing the world, nature and society.
Pesquisa e formação na área do meio ambiente e desenvolvimento: novos quadros de pensamento, novas formas de avaliação
Authors: RAYNAUT Claude , LANA Paulo Da Cunha , ZANONI Magda
Published: August 2014

Este artigo apresenta e discute o referencial conceitual de propostas voltadas para a formação e pesquisa na área do desenvolvimento e meio ambiente. São analisadas com maior detalhe as noções de desenvolvimento sustentável e de interdisciplinaridade, por constarem de todas as formas de expressão da demanda social ambientalista e da maioria dos cursos em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente. Diversos programas de pós-graduação ou pesquisa de caráter interdisciplinar vêm sendo recentemente implantados no Brasil, tentando incorporar esta dualidade conceitual da sustentabilidade e da interdisciplinaridade às suas práticas e reflexões. Esta nova realidade acadêmica, surgida com a criação de cursos interdisciplinares, exige o desenvolvimento de formas de avaliação muito distintas daquelas até então usadas para a análise de programas de cunho disciplinar. O trabalho propõe formas de acompanhamento e avaliação de desempenho, mais coerentes e compatíveis com as estruturas e modos de funcionamento originados destes novos conceitos. Abstract We present and discuss the conceptual framework of research and formation in the realm of environmental and developmental issues. The widely used concepts of sustainable development and interdisciplinarity are critically analyzed. Many graduate programs, recently created in Brazil, have tried to incorporate both concepts to their planning and practice. To evaluate such interdisciplinary programs we need new procedures, which may widely differ from the current institutional model, originally planned for disciplinary courses. We propose alternate forms of evaluating the performance of such graduate programs which are more adequate and compatible with the newly created academic structures.