bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Detection of Sign-reversed Linear Polarization from the Forbidden
630.03 nm Line
Authors: de Wijn A. G. , Socas-Navarro H. , Vitas N.
Published: February 2017

We report on the detection of linear polarization of the forbidden [O i] 630.03 nm spectral line. The observations were carried out in the broader context of the determination of the solar oxygen abundance, an important problem in astrophysics that still remains unresolved. We obtained spectro-polarimetric data of the forbidden [O i] line at 630.03 nm as well as other neighboring permitted lines with the Solar Optical Telescope of the Hinode satellite. A novel averaging technique was used, yielding very high signal-to-noise ratios in excess of 105. We confirm that the linear polarization is sign-reversed compared to permitted lines as a result of the line being dominated by a magnetic dipole transition. Our observations open a new window for solar oxygen abundance studies, offering an alternative method to disentangle the Ni i blend from the [O i] line at 630.03 nm that has the advantage of simple LTE formation physics.
Nitrogen Fractionation in Protoplanetary Disks from the H13CN/HC15N Ratio
Authors: Guzmán V. V. , Öberg K. I. , Huang J. , Loomis R. , Qi C.
Published: February 2017

Nitrogen fractionation is commonly used to assess the thermal history of solar system volatiles. With ALMA it is for the first time possible to directly measure

14

N

/

15

N

ratios in common molecules during the assembly of planetary systems. We present ALMA observations of the

H

13

CN

and

HC

15

N

J
=
3
−
2

lines at 0.″5 angular resolution, toward a sample of six protoplanetary disks, selected to span a range of stellar and disk structure properties. Adopting a typical

12

C

/

13

C

ratio of 70, we find comet-like

14

N

/

15

N

ratios of 80–160 in five of the disks (3 T Tauri and 2 Herbig Ae disks) and lack constraints for one of the T Tauri disks (IM Lup). There are no systematic differences between T Tauri and Herbig Ae disks, or between full and transition disks within the sample. In addition, no correlation is observed between disk-averaged D/H and

14

N

/

15

N

ratios in the sample. One of the disks, V4046 Sgr, presents unusually bright HCN isotopologue emission, enabling us to model the radial profiles of

H

13

CN

and

HC

15

N

. We find tentative evidence of an increasing

14

N

/

15

N

ratio with radius, indicating that selective photodissociation in the inner disk is important in setting the

14

N

/

15

N

ratio during planet formation.
Growth and Destruction of PAH Molecules in Reactions with Carbon Atoms
Authors: Krasnokutski Serge A. , Huisken Friedrich , Jäger Cornelia , Henning Thomas
Published: February 2017

A very high abundance of atomic carbon in the interstellar medium (ISM), and the high reactivity of these species toward different hydrocarbon molecules including benzene, raise questions regarding the stability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules in space. To test the efficiency of destruction of PAH molecules via reactions with atomic carbon, we performed a set of laboratory and computational studies of the reactions of naphthalene, anthracene, and coronene molecules with carbon atoms in the ground state. The reactions were investigated in liquid helium droplets at T = 0.37 K and by quantum chemical computations. Our studies suggest that all small and all large catacondensed PAHs react barrierlessly with atomic carbon, and therefore should be efficiently destroyed by such reactions in a broad temperature range. At the same time, large compact pericondensed PAHs should be more inert toward such a reaction. In addition, taking into account their higher photostability, much higher abundances of pericondensed PAHs should be expected in various astrophysical environments. The barrierless reactions between carbon atoms and small PAHs also suggest that, in the ISM, these reactions could lead to the bottom-up formation of PAH molecules.
The First 40 Million Years of Circumstellar Disk Evolution: The Signature of Terrestrial Planet Formation
Authors: Meng Huan Y. A. , Rieke George H. , Su Kate Y. L. , Gáspár András
Published: February 2017

We characterize the first 40 Myr of evolution of circumstellar disks through a unified study of the infrared properties of members of young clusters and associations with ages from 2 Myr up to ∼40 Myr: NGC 1333, NGC 1960, NGC 2232, NGC 2244, NGC 2362, NGC 2547, IC 348, IC 2395, IC 4665, Chamaeleon I, Orion OB1a and OB1b, Taurus, the β Pictoris Moving Group, ρ Ophiuchi, and the associations of Argus, Carina, Columba, Scorpius–Centaurus, and Tucana–Horologium. Our work features: (1) a filtering technique to flag noisy backgrounds; (2) a method based on the probability distribution of deflections, P(D), to obtain statistically valid photometry for faint sources; and (3) use of the evolutionary trend of transitional disks to constrain the overall behavior of bright disks. We find that the fraction of disks three or more times brighter than the stellar photospheres at 24 μm decays relatively slowly initially and then much more rapidly by ∼10 Myr. However, there is a continuing component until ∼35 Myr, probably due primarily to massive clouds of debris generated in giant impacts during the oligarchic/chaotic growth phases of terrestrial planets. If the contribution from primordial disks is excluded, the evolution of the incidence of these oligarchic/chaotic debris disks can be described empirically by a log-normal function with the peak at 12–20 Myr, including ∼13% of the original population, and with a post-peak mean duration of 10–20 Myr.
Non-Gaussian Velocity Distributions in Solar Flares from Extreme Ultraviolet Lines: A Possible Diagnostic of Ion Acceleration
Authors: Jeffrey Natasha L. S. , Fletcher Lyndsay , Labrosse Nicolas
Published: February 2017

In a solar flare, a large fraction of the magnetic energy released is converted rapidly to the kinetic energy of non-thermal particles and bulk plasma motion. This will likely result in non-equilibrium particle distributions and turbulent plasma conditions. We investigate this by analyzing the profiles of high temperature extreme ultraviolet emission lines from a major flare (SOL2014-03-29T17:44) observed by the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode. We find that in many locations the line profiles are non-Gaussian, consistent with a kappa distribution of emitting ions with properties that vary in space and time. At the flare footpoints, close to sites of hard X-ray emission from non-thermal electrons, the κ index for the Fe xvi 262.976 Å line at 3 MK takes values of 3–5. In the corona, close to a low-energy HXR source, the Fe xxiii 263.760 Å line at 15 MK shows κ values of typically 4–7. The observed trends in the κ parameter show that we are most likely detecting the properties of the ion population rather than any instrumental effects. We calculate that a non-thermal ion population could exist if locally accelerated on timescales ≤0.1 s. However, observations of net redshifts in the lines also imply the presence of plasma downflows, which could lead to bulk turbulence, with increased non-Gaussianity in cooler regions. Both interpretations have important implications for theories of solar flare particle acceleration.
Galaxy–Galaxy Weak-lensing Measurements from SDSS. I. Image Processing and Lensing Signals
Authors: Luo Wentao , Yang Xiaohu , Zhang Jun , Tweed Dylan , Fu Liping , Mo H. J. , Bosch Frank C. van den , Shu Chenggang , Li Ran , Li Nan , Liu Xiangkun , Pan Chuzhong , Wang Yiran , Radovich Mario
Published: February 2017

We present our image processing pipeline that corrects the systematics introduced by the point-spread function (PSF). Using this pipeline, we processed Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7 imaging data in r band and generated a galaxy catalog containing the shape information. Based on our shape measurements of the galaxy images from SDSS DR7, we extract the galaxy–galaxy (GG) lensing signals around foreground spectroscopic galaxies binned in different luminosities and stellar masses. We estimated the systematics, e.g., selection bias, PSF reconstruction bias, PSF dilution bias, shear responsivity bias, and noise rectification bias, which in total is between −9.1% and 20.8% at 2σ levels. The overall GG lensing signals we measured are in good agreement with Mandelbaum et al. The reduced χ
2 between the two measurements in different luminosity bins are from 0.43 to 0.83. Larger reduced χ
2 from 0.60 to 1.87 are seen for different stellar mass bins, which is mainly caused by the different stellar mass estimator. The results in this paper with higher signal-to-noise ratio are due to the larger survey area than SDSS DR4, confirming that more luminous/massive galaxies bear stronger GG lensing signals. We divide the foreground galaxies into red/blue and star-forming/quenched subsamples and measure their GG lensing signals. We find that, at a specific stellar mass/luminosity, the red/quenched galaxies have stronger GG lensing signals than their counterparts, especially at large radii. These GG lensing signals can be used to probe the galaxy–halo mass relations and their environmental dependences in the halo occupation or conditional luminosity function framework.
Height-dependent Velocity Structure of Photospheric Convection in Granules and Intergranular Lanes with Hinode/SOT
Authors: Oba T. , Iida Y. , Shimizu T.
Published: February 2017

The solar photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun, where many bright granules, surrounded by narrow dark intergranular lanes, are observed everywhere. The granular pattern is a manifestation of convective motion at the photospheric level, but its velocity structure in the height direction is poorly understood observationally. Applying bisector analysis to a photospheric spectral line recorded by the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope, we derived the velocity structure of the convective motion in granular regions and intergranular lanes separately. The amplitude of motion of the convective material decreases from 0.65 to 0.40 km s−1 as the material rises in granules, whereas the amplitude of motion increases from 0.30 to 0.50 km s−1 as it descends in intergranular lanes. These values are significantly larger than those obtained in previous studies using bisector analysis. The acceleration of descending materials with depth is not predicted from the convectively stable condition in a stratified atmosphere. Such convective instability can be developed more efficiently by radiative cooling and/or a gas pressure gradient, which can control the dynamical behavior of convective material in intergranular lanes. Our analysis demonstrated that bisector analysis is a useful method for investigating the long-term dynamic behavior of convective material when a large number of pixels is available. In addition, one example is the temporal evolution of granular fragmentation, in which downflowing material develops gradually from a higher layer downward.
Transient X-Ray Sources in the Magellanic-type Galaxy NGC 4449
Authors: Jithesh V. , Wang Zhongxiang
Published: February 2017

We report the identification of seven transient X-ray sources in the nearby Magellanic-type galaxy NGC 4449 using archival multi-epoch X-ray observations conducted with the Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Swift telescopes over the years 2001–2013. Among them, two sources are classified as supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) because of their soft X-ray color; the rest of the sources are X-ray binaries (XRBs). Transient SSSs’ spectra can be fitted with a blackbody of effective temperature ∼80–105 eV, and luminosities were

in 0.3–8 keV. These properties are consistent with the widely accepted model for SSSs, an accreting white dwarf with steady nuclear burning on its surface, and the SSS emission has also been observed in many post-nova systems. Detailed analysis of one sufficiently bright SSS revealed strong short-term variability, possibly showing a 2.3-hr periodic modulation, and long-term variability, detectable over 23 years with different X-ray telescopes before the year 2003. The X-ray properties of four other transients are consistent with neutron star or black hole binaries in their hard state, whereas the remaining source is most likely an XRB with a quasi-soft X-ray spectrum. Analysis of archival Hubble Space Telescope image data was also conducted, and multiple massive stars were found as possible counterparts. We conclude that the X-ray transient properties in NGC 4449 are similar to those in other Magellanic-type galaxies.
Topology of Large-scale Structures of Galaxies in Two Dimensions—Systematic Effects
Authors: Appleby Stephen , Park Changbom , Hong Sungwook E. , Kim Juhan
Published: February 2017

We study the two-dimensional topology of galactic distribution when projected onto two-dimensional spherical shells. Using the latest Horizon Run 4 simulation data, we construct the genus of the two-dimensional field and consider how this statistic is affected by late-time nonlinear effects—principally gravitational collapse and redshift space distortion (RSD). We also consider systematic and numerical artifacts, such as shot noise, galaxy bias, and finite pixel effects. We model the systematics using a Hermite polynomial expansion and perform a comprehensive analysis of known effects on the two-dimensional genus, with a view toward using the statistic for cosmological parameter estimation. We find that the finite pixel effect is dominated by an amplitude drop and can be made less than 1% by adopting pixels smaller than 1/3 of the angular smoothing length. Nonlinear gravitational evolution introduces time-dependent coefficients of the zeroth, first, and second Hermite polynomials, but the genus amplitude changes by less than 1% between z = 1 and z = 0 for smoothing scales

R

G

>
9

Mpc

/

h

. Non-zero terms are measured up to third order in the Hermite polynomial expansion when studying RSD. Differences in the shapes of the genus curves in real and redshift space are small when we adopt thick redshift shells, but the amplitude change remains a significant

∼

(
10
%
)

effect. The combined effects of galaxy biasing and shot noise produce systematic effects up to the second Hermite polynomial. It is shown that, when sampling, the use of galaxy mass cuts significantly reduces the effect of shot noise relative to random sampling.
Evidence against Star-forming Galaxies as the Dominant Source of Icecube Neutrinos
Authors: Bechtol Keith , Ahlers Markus , Mauro Mattia Di , Ajello Marco , Vandenbroucke Justin
Published: February 2017

The cumulative emission resulting from hadronic cosmic-ray interactions in star-forming galaxies (SFGs) has been proposed as the dominant contribution to the astrophysical neutrino flux at TeV to PeV energies reported by IceCube. The same particle interactions also inevitably create γ-ray emission that could be detectable as a component of the extragalactic γ-ray background (EGB), which is now measured with the Fermi-LAT in the energy range from 0.1 to 820 GeV. New studies of the blazar flux distribution at γ-ray energies above 50 GeV place an upper bound on the residual non-blazar component of the EGB. We show that these results are in strong tension with models that consider SFGs as the dominant source of the diffuse neutrino backgrounds. A characteristic spectral index for parent cosmic rays in starburst galaxies of ΓSB ≃ 2.3 for

dN

/

dE
∝

E

−

Γ

SB

is consistent with the observed scaling relation between γ-ray and IR luminosity for SFGs, the bounds from the non-blazar EGB, and the observed γ-ray spectra of individual starbursts, but underpredicts the IceCube data by approximately an order of magnitude.
Crossing the Eddington Limit: Examining Disk Spectra at High Accretion Rates
Authors: Sutton Andrew D. , Swartz Douglas A. , Roberts Timothy P. , Middleton Matthew J. , Soria Roberto , Done Chris
Published: February 2017

The faintest ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), those with 0.3–10 keV luminosities

1
<

L

X

/

10

39

<
3

erg

s

−
1

, tend to have X-ray spectra that are disk-like but broader than expected for thin accretion disks. These “broadened disk (BD)” spectra are thought to indicate near- or mildly super-Eddington accretion onto stellar remnant black holes. Here we report that a sample of bright thermal-dominant black hole binaries, which have Eddington ratios constrained to moderate values, also show BD spectra in the 0.3–10 keV band at an order of magnitude lower luminosities. This broadening would be missed in studies that only look above

∼
2

keV

. While this may suggest that BD ULXs could be powered by accretion onto massive stellar remnant black holes with close to maximal spin, we argue in favor of a scenario where they are at close to the Eddington luminosity, such that radiation pressure would be expected to result in geometrically slim, advective accretion disks. However, this implies that an additional physical mechanism is required to produce the observed broad spectra at low Eddington ratios.
Lidov–Kozai Cycles with Gravitational Radiation: Merging Black Holes in Isolated Triple Systems
Authors: Silsbee Kedron , Tremaine Scott
Published: February 2017

We show that a black-hole binary with an external companion can undergo Lidov–Kozai cycles that cause a close pericenter passage, leading to a rapid merger due to gravitational-wave emission. This scenario occurs most often for systems in which the companion has a mass comparable to the reduced mass of the binary and the companion orbit has a semimajor axis within a factor of ∼10 of the binary semimajor axis. Using a simple population-synthesis model and three-body simulations, we estimate the rate of mergers in triple black-hole systems in the field to be about six per Gpc3 per year in the absence of natal kicks during black-hole formation. This value is within the low end of the 90% credible interval for the total black hole–black hole merger rate inferred from the current LIGO results. There are many uncertainties in these calculations, the largest of which is the unknown distribution of natal kicks. Even modest natal kicks of 40 km s−1 will reduce the merger rate by a factor of 40. A few percent of these systems will have eccentricity greater than 0.999 when they first enter the frequency band detectable by aLIGO (above 10 Hz).
Le management des normes, un nouvel avantage concurrentiel pour les banques. Cas d’une banque régionale
Authors: Randriamiarana Joëlle
Published: February 2017

Cet article présente les dispositifs mis en place par un établissement bancaire mutualiste pour le pilotage de la liquidité dans le cadre des normes Bâle III. Nous nous fondons sur une étude de cas longitudinale, construite à partir d’une recherche-accompagnement auprès dudit établissement. Les résultats soulignent le caractère contraignant de la réglementation au sein de l’établissement, d’autant plus que le respect des ratios représente de véritables enjeux stratégiques, laissant peu de place à l’arbitrage. En nous basant sur l’analyse des facteurs clés de succès d’une gestion efficiente des normes, tels que présentés par la théorie de la tétranormalisation, nous observons une véritable implication de la direction dans l’orchestration de la réglementation qui a nécessité la mise en place d’une ingénierie normative adaptée.
La postmodernité dans l’entreprise : quel manager pour relever le défi ?
Authors: Lacan Arnaud
Published: February 2017

La période moderne est à présent achevée. Nos schémas de pensées qui ont fondé tout le management rationnel sont à changer. Les valeurs de cette modernité sont aujourd’hui saturées et le vieux modèle taylorien n’est plus en mesure d’organiser la vie dans l’entreprise. Nous sommes à l’aube d’un changement de paradigme majeur avec l’avènement de la postmodernité et de ses valeurs émergentes répondant à des logiques plus émotionnelles et communautaires. De grandes mutations socio-économiques sont en cours. Dans ce contexte d’émergence postmoderne, les entreprises doivent-elles changer leur façon d’envisager leur organisation et leur management ? Quel type de manager pourra relever le défi de la prise en compte de la postmodernité dans ses pratiques quotidiennes ? Cet article propose une révision conceptuelle afin de demeurer en phase avec les grandes mutations socio-économiques qui entourent et impactent les entreprises. Nous présentons une traduction des travaux de Maffesoli sur la postmodernité dans le champ du management. Désormais, les nouvelles pratiques managériales doivent se soucier d’avantage de la qualité du vivre-ensemble au travail et des pratiques coopératives. Dans un univers de numéritie , il est important de déplacer le centre de gravité de l’action managériale et les managers doivent passer de la mesure de la performance individuelle vers la régulation des relations interpersonnelles. C’est alors d’un nouveau manager dont les entreprises ont besoin qui soit apte à prendre en compte les aspirations intimes de ses collaborateurs. Le manager postmoderne dont sont esquissées ici les caractéristiques nouvelles doit organiser le « travailler-ensemble » dans une ambiance conviviale et bienveillante. Ce dernier doit incarner un management postmoderne caractérisé par quelques missions simples mais nouvelles détaillées dans l’article et qui sont centrées autour de la régulation. Notre proposition de postures managériales à examiner se nourrit notamment d’observations de pratiques déjà mises en place dans les entreprises et qui méritent d’être développées, ces observations devant in fine être testées et consolidées par étude terrain ultérieure.
Approche psychodynamique des addictions sexuelles
Authors: Estellon Vincent
Published: February 2017

L’article présente les addictions sexuelles à partir d’un modèle de compréhension psychodynamique. Il s’applique, à partir de problématiques cliniques spécifiques, à émettre des hypothèses métapsychologiques qui aident à mieux comprendre certaines solutions défensives. Il propose aussi de montrer comment ces psychothérapies individuelles sont bénéfiquement associées à d’autres dispositifs thérapeutiques, institutionnels ou groupaux.
Addiction sexuelle, conduites dissociantes et rétablissement
Authors: Duriez Nathalie
Published: February 2017

Durant l’enfance des dépendants sexuels, nous trouvons souvent la présence d’un traumatisme sexuel. Les récentes découvertes des neurosciences concernant la disjonction du circuit émotionnel durant l’événement traumatique et les travaux de Muriel Salmona sur les conduites dissociantes ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans la compréhension de l’addiction sexuelle. Le traumatisme a constitué une première expérience de dissociation qui sera répétée à chaque abus, renforçant ainsi l’apprentissage de la dissociation comme mécanisme de régulation émotionnelle. Lorsque l’abus cesse, le sujet va rejouer les scènes de l’abus pour retrouver l’apaisement apporté par la dissociation. Selon ce processus, les conduites addictives sont aussi des conduites dissociantes. À partir d’un cas, nous montrerons que le rétablissement des dépendants sexuels repose sur la réappropriation de leur propre histoire et de leurs traumatismes. Ils découvrent alors la logique des conduites dissociantes et sont davantage motivés pour apprendre de nouvelles stratégies de régulation émotionnelle.
Slam, chemsex et addiction sexuelle
Authors: Grégoire Muriel
Published: February 2017

Le chemsex constitue à l’origine une pratique sexuelle accompagnée de produits pour exacerber le plaisir. Dans cet article, nous allons définir les pratiques de slam et de chemsex, et explorer les relations possibles avec une éventuelle addiction sexuelle. Nous verrons comment la société envoie des signaux contradictoires, alors qu’Internet démultiplie les accès à tous les objets possibles d’addiction. Nous nous intéresserons également à l’histoire des chemsexeurs, du vécu qu’ils rapportent, des facteurs individuels qui peuvent conduire à l’addiction. Ceci nous amènera à décrire la prise en charge et à aborder la réduction des risques.
Usage de cannabis et complications cardio-vasculaires et neuro-vasculaires
Authors: Deborde Thérèse , Brisacier Anne-Claire
Published: February 2017

Le cannabis est la drogue illicite la plus consommée dans le monde, préférentiellement chez les jeunes. Les publications portant sur la relation entre l’usage de cannabis et les complications cardio-vasculaires et neuro-vasculaires se sont multipliées. Il a été montré une augmentation du risque de déclencher un infarctus du myocarde dans l’heure suivant la prise de cannabis fumé par rapport aux périodes de non-usage. Des cas de morts subites d’origine cardiaque ont été rapportés. Une lésion cérébrale responsable d’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC), réversible à l’arrêt du cannabis a été mise en évidence. De rares complications vasculaires cardiaques et cérébrales ont également été décrites pour les cannabinoïdes de synthèse. Le lien de causalité, non démontré, est suggéré par l’existence d’une relation temporelle entre la survenue de ces complications et la prise de cannabis. Ainsi, il paraît nécessaire de constituer des études épidémiologiques de bon niveau de preuve sur le sujet et de rechercher la prise de drogues dont le cannabis devant un infarctus de myocarde, un AVC ou une mort subite du sujet jeune.
Quel sens pour l’intégration européenne ?
Authors: Nasho Ah-Pine Elda
Published: February 2017

La crise profonde qui touche aujourd’hui l’UE conduit à une réflexion sur le sens même de l’intégration européenne, et en particulier sur le sentiment d’appartenance à cette organisation. Fondée sur l’approche des communautés de sécurité de Karl Deutsch cette contribution a un double objectif : opérationnaliser d’une part le concept de sense of community développé par l’auteur afin d’analyser le sentiment européen et d’autre part proposer une typologie du sense of community par groupe de pays. D’un point de vue méthodologique, l’étude a été réalisée grâce aux méthodes et techniques fournies par l’analyse des correspondances multiples à partir de l’Eurobaromètre 83.1 de mars 2015 sur une population de 17 390 individus répartis entre les 28 États membres de l’UE.
The importance and added value of Health Technology Assessment and economic evaluations of medical interventions to support reimbursement decisions: the TAVI experience
Authors: Neyt Mattias
Published: February 2017

Les évaluations des technologies de santé (HTA) visent à apporter un support aux décideurs afin qu’ils puissent prendre les décisions adaptées au maintien d’un système de soins de santé accessible, qualitatif et durable. Un élément des HTA concerne l’aspect économique qui vérifie si une intervention offre une valeur pour l’investissement financier consenti en comparaison avec les autres alternatives. Dans cet article, nous fournissons une introduction aux HTA et aux évaluations économiques que nous illustrons par l’exemple de l’implantation transcutanée des valves aortiques (TAVI). JEL classification  : D61, H51, I13, I18
Les méthodes de recherches qualitatives dans la recherche en soins de santé : apports et croyances
Authors: Kohn Laurence , Christiaens Wendy
Published: February 2017

Aujourd’hui, les méthodes de recherche qualitative (MRQ) sont largement utilisées dans la recherche en santé et ont beaucoup à offrir aux institutions qui s’en chargent. Parce que ces méthodes ont été traditionnellement utilisées principalement par des chercheurs en sciences sociales, les professionnels en soins de santé ou les chercheurs d’autres disciplines engagées dans la recherche en santé peuvent ne pas être familiers avec ce type de recherche. Cet article présente dans un premier temps une rapide introduction aux méthodes de recherche qualitative et vise à montrer comment elles peuvent être utilisées de manière appropriée et fructueuse pour répondre à des questions de recherche relatives aux soins de santé. Dans un second temps, nous mettons en exergue les fausses croyances relatives aux MRQ selon lesquelles ces méthodes seraient inférieures aux méthodes quantitatives et entachées de subjectivité ; et ce, en expliquant les objectifs et les méthodes liées à une approche qualitative.
Le coût de l’énergie verte en Wallonie, 2003-2012
Authors: Boccard Nicolas , Gautier Axel
Published: February 2017

En 2003, la Wallonie a mis en place un système de certificats verts échangeables pour soutenir la génération d’énergie électrique « verte ». Dans cet article, nous estimons que ce mécanisme de soutien a coûté 1,871 milliard € pour la période 2003-2012, soit un soutien de 107 €/MWh produit, avec de fortes différences entre filières de production, le photovoltaïque recevant jusqu’à 588 €/MWh. Les comparaisons internationales indiquent que le mécanisme wallon est particulièrement généreux. Nous montrons également que les économies induites de carbone sont extrêmement coûteuses avec un prix implicite pour la tonne de CO 2 évitée de 425 €.
Buying Votes with Discriminative Support for Renewable-Energy Technologies
Authors: Ovaere Lotte , Proost Stef
Published: February 2017

Cet article utilise un modèle d’économie politique pour expliquer le soutien différencié accordé à certaines formes d’énergie renouvelable comme le photovoltaïque. Un modèle avec deux partis est développé pour montrer que un soutien favorable aux énergies installées par les ménages-électeurs peut inciter les électeurs à modifier leur vote. Le parti au pouvoir, tout comme l’opposition, ont intérêt à proposer un soutien différencié même si celui-ci est inefficace.
Making the Belgian distribution system fit for the energy transition
Authors: Agrell Per J. , Teusch Jonas
Published: February 2017

L’environnement régulatoire des gestionnaires de réseau de distribution (GRDs) a changé fondamentalement. Il en résulte que la concurrence par comparaison a été laissée de coté. Plus spécifiquement, nous identifions deux développements importants. Premièrement, depuis juillet 2014, la régulation des GRDs se fait au niveau régional où du fait de juridictions trop restreintes, la concurrence par comparaison devient impossible. Deuxièmement, du fait de la consolidation des GRDs en Wallonie et en Flandre, il y a moins d’opérateurs indépendants, ce qui rend les comparaisons plus difficiles même si les régulateurs régionaux coopéraient. Comme la distribution représente une grosse partie du coût de l’électricité et qu’elle fait face à des défis importants dans le contexte de la décarbonisation de l’économie, une régulation moderne peut amener des bénéfices substantiels aux consommateurs. Après une mise en contexte, ce papier appelle à un examen minutieux de la régulation des GRDs et explique pourquoi la concurrence par comparaison joue un rôle important dans la boite à outil régulatoire et propose des pistes de réflexion et des options politiques pour la mise en place d’une telle concurrence.
Transferts de joueurs et « Third party ownership »
Authors: Brocard Jean-François
Published: February 2017

Les transferts de joueurs avaient à l’origine pour objectifs d’une part d’assurer l’intégrité et l’équité des compétitions et d’autre part de protéger les mineurs et de promouvoir la formation des jeunes. Ils s’accompagnent pourtant aujourd’hui d’un certain nombre de dérives qui ne permettent pas d’atteindre les objectifs fixés. Le marché des transferts se caractérise en effet notamment par une grande opacité, une très forte segmentation ainsi que le rôle excessif offert aux agents sportifs. L’article se propose de détailler dans un premier temps l’ensemble de ces dérives, avant de développer une évolution pathologique des transferts de joueurs : le Third Party Ownership. Le phénomène sera détaillé et analysé afin de montrer en quoi il représente un risque pour le football. Dans ce contexte, seule une politique ambitieuse et intégrée dans une stratégie globale permettra de trouver des solutions aux risques spécifiques liés aux transferts de joueurs.
Vehicular Traffic Forecasting in Filling Station
Authors: Pandey Peeyush , Sengupta Tuhin
Published: February 2017

Forecasting is the one of the important part of decision making process. It helps managers to identify short term and long term future trends in the business activities. It may help in forecasting demand in retail store, predicting customer traffic at the petrol pump, calculation of probable population in upcoming years etc. There are plenty of studies published on forecasting techniques which are just introductory or highly mathematical and lacks in providing managerial perspective of solving business problems to the students. This chapter elucidates various forecasting techniques and its application in the field of management. In addition, various examples of real life problems are solved and analyzed with multiple forecasting techniques. Through this chapter students will have a clear understanding of the various nuances of different forecasting models in one single data set. Students will be able to identify future trend and seasonality in real life data set and evaluate more appropriate forecasting technique for the decision-making process.
Continuous Assurance and Business Compliance in Enterprise Information Systems
Authors: Marques Rui Pedro
Published: February 2017

The increase of reliability and compliance of business processes is currently a major concern of organizations which simultaneously intend to achieve their organizational objectives and be compliant with external regulations. Thus, organizations are frequently looking for methods, tools and solutions which enable them to improve business compliance, and reduce the likelihood of situations that may jeopardize their operational performance and corporate image. This chapter aims to bring together a set of results and conclusions from a research project whose purpose was to conceptualize and validate an innovative solution which simultaneously monitors and audits organizational transactions executed in Enterprise Information Systems. A prototype was developed and deployed in a near-real environment. From the results, we conclude that the prototype offers Continuous Assurance services and is applicable to any organizational transaction, regardless of its type, dimension, business area or even its information system support technology. This independence is guaranteed by the abstraction level of an ontological model which is used to represent the organizational transaction we intend to monitor and audit. A case study enabled us to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposal in business compliance.
Decoding Success Factors of Innovation Culture
Authors: Burdon Stephen , Kang Kyeong , Mooney Grant
Published: February 2017

This chapter presents the results and findings of a research project on innovation culture in Australian information technology sector organisations. The primary objective of this study was to establish the determinants of a successful enterprise innovation culture in organisations with a strong industry reputation for radical innovation initiatives. We obtained 244 responses from 102 member organisations of the Australian Information Industry Association (AIIA). The survey explored the internal and external characteristics of a successful innovative organisation. Both employees' and competitors' perspectives on “what makes a particular organisation a successful innovator” were the main focus. Our findings indicated that the absence of a successful innovation culture is a serious impediment to growth and success. However, preferences for the key innovation culture attributes varied significantly by executive functions, size of the organization and type of ownership structure. Thus, a mix of key innovation attributes should be deployed and tailored to each organisation, based on their industry and strategic objectives.
A Comparative Analysis of the Complexities of Building Information Model(ling) Guides to Support Standardization
Authors: Keenliside Susan , Beange Megan
Published: February 2017

The current approach to the development of a building information modelling (BIM) standard or guideline has provisioned for each individual authority in a unique way. There has been no universally standardized format, content or defined concepts employed in document development from one organization or region to the next. Though format and content vary widely according to the specific document scope and context, many published BIM guides around the world define the same, or similar, terms and concepts. The BIM guides project is the first attempt to leverage these existing publications within an open process of peer review and consensus standardization. It is believed that this structured approach to BIM document development will deliver increased efficiency in the creation and implementation of future Guidelines and Standards, contributing to the adoption and standardization of BIM within industry and providing the much needed universal baseline from which the many user-types of BIM can effectively build their knowledge, skills and abilities.
Learners' Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Blogging for L2 Writing in Fully Online Language Courses
Authors: Lee Lina
Published: February 2017

The study explores how the application of blog assignments facilitated the L2 writing process and how blogging affects the way students view blog-based L2 writing instruction and peer feedback. The results showed that beginning students had a positive attitude toward the use of blogs because it gave them agency over their learning, and engaged them in co-construction of knowledge with their peers. While scaffolding through peer feedback affected students' self-regulated efforts to make improvement on written content and increase language accuracy, strategies for effective use of feedback from the instructor was important. This study concludes that blogging not only empowers students to be creative with the content, but also promotes attention to language forms. L2 educators are strongly encouraged to take full advantage of the widely available blog technology by incorporating it into their teaching methods to further promote critical reflection and collaborative interaction within socially bounded online learning environments.
Lexical Profiles of Reading Texts in High-Stakes Tests
Authors: Jin Tan , Guo Kai , Mak Barley , Wu Qiuping
Published: February 2017

In language testing literature, the lexical profiles issue has been extensively discussed when examining the quality of reading texts in high-stakes tests. The interpretation and use of lexical profiles, however, have been lacking a point of reference (i.e., benchmarks). Therefore, this study attempts to establish benchmarks for lexical profiles of reading texts in a high-stakes test in China – the National Matriculation English Test (NMET). To elicit sufficient samples, a corpus of 909 NMET reading texts was constructed. Based on the corpus, two stages were employed. Firstly, the 909 texts were screened through a text coverage analysis and representative text samples were selected. Secondly, two sets of benchmarks were established based on the text samples. Overall, this study contributes empirical evidence to evaluating the lexical profiles of NMET reading texts, and has practical implications for developing reading texts in high-stakes tests.
The Structure, Topological, and Functional Dimension of Biomolecules
Authors: Zhizhin Gennadiy Vladimirovich
Published: February 2017

It determines the dimension of biomolecules that are critical to the functioning of living organisms: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids. It is proved that they have a higher dimension. New image presents the structure of biomolecules, appropriate to their higher dimension, and given an explanation of the observed properties of biomolecules in view of their higher dimension. It is proved that the highest dimension of biomolecules based on the hybridization of atomic orbitals chiral centers (binding sites). It was found that the highest dimension of biomolecules is a consequence of the high energy enclosed in them, necessary for the execution of complex functions in living organisms.
A Robust Skeletonization Method for Topological Complex Shapes
Authors: Giuliani Donatella
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we describe a skeletonization method effective and robust when applied to complex shapes, even if affected by boundary perturbations. This approach has been applied to binary segmented images containing bi-dimensional bounded shapes, generally not simply connected. It has been considered an external force field derived by an anisotropic flow. Through the divergence, we have examined the field flow at different times, discovering that the field divergence satisfies an anisotropic diffusion equation as well. Curves of positive divergence may be thought as propagating fronts converging to a steady state formed by shocks points. It has been proved that the sets of points, inside the shape, where divergence assumes positive values, converge to the skeleton. The curves with negative values of divergence remain static, so they may be directly used for edge extraction. This methodology has also been tested respect to boundary perturbations and disconnections.
A Holistic Approach for Handwritten Hindi Word Recognition
Authors: Malakar Samir , Sharma Pankaj , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Das Maitrayee , Sarkar Ram , Nasipuri Mita
Published: February 2017

Holistic word recognition attempts to recognize the entire word image as a single pattern. In general, it performs better than segmentation based word recognition model for known, fixed and small sized lexicon. The present work deals with recognition of handwritten words in Hindi in holistic way. Features like area, aspect ratio, density, pixel ratio, longest run, centroid and projection length are extracted either from entire word image or from the hypothetically generated sub-images of the same. An 89-elements feature vector has been designed to represent each word in the feature space and five different classifiers have been used for measuring recognition performances. Considering the complexities of Hindi characters, the technique shows an impressive result using a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based classifier. Moreover, the technique shows scale and rotation invariant nature to a significant extent.
Individualization of Foreign Language Teaching through Adaptive eLearning
Authors: Kostolanyova Katerina , Nedbalova Stepanka
Published: February 2017

Lifelong learning has become an essential part of each profession. For this reason, personalized and adaptive learning has been drawing attention of professionals in the field of formal as well as informal education in the last few years. The effort has been made to design adaptive study supports regarding students' requirements, abilities and current knowledge. In the Czech Republic, particularly at the University of Ostrava, a team of educators, didactics professionals and IT professionals has been applying their mind to personalized learning in the electronic environment. They have been developing a suitable learning environment to fit students' learning styles. The paper describes a general model and a theory of adaptive eLearning from the perspective of the University of Ostrava professionals. It also demonstrates hard facts of the research in the field of language learning. This paper, Individualization of foreign language teaching through adaptive eLearning, is an extended version of the paper published in the ICWL 2015 workshop proceedings.
Learning Styles in the e-Learning Environment
Authors: Doulik Pavel , Skoda Jiri , Simonova Ivana
Published: February 2017

The paper focuses on the field of learning styles in e-learning. The study is structured in two main parts: (1) a brief overview of traditional approaches to learning styles is presented and their role in the process of instruction is set; this part results in the reflection of current state, when learning styles are considered within e-learning; (2) results of meta-analysis dealing with learning styles in the e-learning environment are introduced focusing on two periods (2001-2007, 2008-2014) and journals in selected databases ProQuest Central, Elsevier Science Direct and ERIC. Totally 5,361 papers were collected and structured according to three criteria: (1) time period, (2) relevancy of information sources and (3) relevant key words. Collected data underwent the chí-squared test for independence and the analysis of adjusted residuals on the significance level a=0.05. No statistically significant changes were discovered in the research sample, however, some shifts were detected in this field. Finally, the results were discussed and relating conclusions provided.
Integrating User Reviews and Ratings for Enhanced Personalized Searching
Authors: Hu Shuyue , Cai Yi , Leung Ho-fung , Huang Dongping , Yang Yang
Published: February 2017

With the development of e-commerce, websites such as Amazon and eBay have become very popular. Users post reviews of products and rate the helpfulness of reviews on these websites. Reviews written by a user and reviews rated by a user reflect the user's interests and disinterest. Thus, they are very useful for user profiling. In this study, the authors explore users' reviews and ratings of reviews for personalized searching and propose a review-based user profiling method. To satisfy a user's basic information needs, expressed in the form of a query, they also propose a priority-based result ranking strategy. For evaluation, they conduct experiments on a real-life data set. The experimental results show that their method can significantly improve retrieval quality.
A Comparative Study Based on Rough Set and Classification Via Clustering Approaches to Handle Incomplete Data to Predict Learning Styles
Authors: Rana Hemant , Lal Manohar
Published: February 2017

Handling of missing attribute values are a big challenge for data analysis. For handling this type of problems, there are some well known approaches, including Rough Set Theory (RST) and classification via clustering. In the work reported here, RSES (Rough Set Exploration System) one of the tools based on RST approach, and WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis), a data mining tool—based on classification via clustering—are used for predicting learning styles from given data, which possibly has missing values. The results of the experiments using the tools show that the problem of missing attribute values is better handled by RST approach as compared to the classification via clustering approach. Further, in respect of missing values, RSES yields better decision rules, if the missing values are simply ignored than the rules obtained by assigning some values in place of missing attribute values.
Social Media in Accelerating Mobile Apps
Authors: Bäck Asta , Jaring Päivi
Published: February 2017

Mobile application stores have become very popular, and the two most popular, Google Play and Apple App Store, both have over a million applications (apps) available. Social media is extensively used for marketing products and services; but, its true potential, in service and product acceleration, has not been researched much. This paper studies the differences in actions between successful and less successful app developers and especially their social media use in accelerating applications and its impact on success. In this study, a longitudinal analysis is performed on 682 applications, from four Google Play categories, at three data points. This study concludes that almost 50% of the analyzed applications use some form of social media to promote their app, and that successful apps use social media more actively than less successful ones. The qualitative analysis of the apps sheds some light as to why some apps succeed without social media use, and why some fail while using it.