bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las redes como un factor relevante en el desarrollo de la Resiliencia y la Calidad de vida en los adultos mayores
Authors: Saavedra Eugenio , Varas Cristián
Published: September 2017

En la ciudad de Curicó, Séptima Región de Chile, se trabajó con un grupo de 82 adultos mayores, con la finalidad de describir sus niveles de calidad de vida auto percibidos y desarrollar un perfil de resiliencia. Los sujetos encuestados pertenecían al nivel socioeconómico bajo, de ambos sexos, con un promedio de edad cercano a los 71 años. Se administraron dos pruebas para obtener la información, a saber, la Escala de Resiliencia para Adultos SV-RES (Saavedra y Villalta, 2008) compuesta por 60 ítems divididos en 12 dimensiones y la Escala de Calidad de Vida (Varas, 2010) con 30 ítems.
 
El análisis de los resultados arroja un nivel de resiliencia cercano al promedio de la población, en tanto al comparar aquellos que asisten a talleres o grupos y aquellos que no asisten, se presentan fuertes diferencias tanto en la resiliencia, como también en la calidad de vida. Existe una correlación positiva entre la resiliencia y la calidad de vida, demostrando la asociación entre ambos aspectos. Se construye un perfil general de resiliencia y se comparan los resultados por sexo.
 
Se llevó a cabo un análisis en torno a la relevancia en pertenecer a grupos o tener una red en esta etapa de la vida y cómo aquello tiene un impacto positivo en la vida de estos adultos mayores. Lo antes expuesto, resultará de gran importancia al momento de diseñar programas de sociales e intervención y establecer fundamentos para la elaboración de políticas en torno a esta realidad.
San Telmo, backpackers y otras globalizaciones
Authors: Firmo Fernando
Published: September 2017

Este artículo pretende contribuir al debate sobre otras formas de globalización  presentando una etnografía realizada en el barrio de San Telmo sobre mochileros que combinan en sus experiencias viaje y trabajo. Su objetivo es viajar al mismo tiempo que sacan provecho de esto para conseguir el capital necesario que les permita continuar en movimiento alrededor del globo. En este texto quiero hablar sobre estos auténticos actores de la globalización popular que ponen el foco en procesos y agentes alternativos no hegemónicos y que en este caso desarrollan su actividad en el contexto de la experiencia mochilera en San Telmo, siendo mi intención enriquecer las reflexiones sobre la globalización desde abajo.
Reseña: El diálogo intercultural hacia la armonía en la diversidad
Authors: Pizzi Jovino
Published: September 2017

DEMENCHONOK, Edward (ed.). Intercultural Dialogue: In Search of Harmony in
Diversity. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014. 402 p.
Contra la ventriloquia: notas sobre los usos y abusos de la traducción de los saberes subalternos en Latinoamérica
Authors: Inclán Solís Daniel
Published: September 2017

Este artículo compara dos forma de traducir el conocimiento de los subalternos en América Latina. Por un lado, en las dos últimas décadas, los estudios decoloniales han tratado de proponer una forma alternativa para pensar el continente centrándose en el conocimiento de las comunidades locales. Las estrategias de traducción utilizadas por estudios descoloniales apuntan a poner el conocimiento de los subalternos en el centro de un proyecto intelectual descolonización. Por otro lado, mucho antes del surgimiento de los estudios decoloniales, Bolivia fue escenario de un proyecto de traducción sumamente interesante que fundamentado en el conocimiento indígena. En la década de 1980, el Taller de Historia Oral Andina (THOA) desarrolló un proceso epistémico, cuyo objetivo principal fue la recuperación de las experiencias indígenas para la construcción de nuevos marcos analíticos. La traducción fue uno de los ejes de este proyecto historiográfico, fue utilizada como una herramienta en la lucha de estas comunidades para articular sus historias a su manera. Porque el THOA es prácticamente desconocido en América Latina, sus múltiples contribuciones ṕara rearticular los discursos subalternos través de la traducción han sido poco estudiadas. Al contrastar estos dos proyectos, este trabajo muestra los usos y abusos de la traducción del conocimiento subalterno en América Latina.
La persistencia del “Vivir como mapuche”. Una aproximación a la identidad étnica de la Comunidad Mapuche Folil Mapu, en la Región del Maule.
Authors: Vergara Francisca
Published: September 2017

A través de una investigación exploratoria llevada a cabo desde un enfoque etnográfico, se propuso identificar cómo se ha configurado la identidad étnica de la comunidad mapuche Folil Mapu, que reside actualmente en la comuna de Curicó. Para abordar dicho proceso, se contemplaron tres categorías de análisis fundamentales desde los que se estudia el tema mapuche desde la academia. Estas son: a) identidad étnica, b) etnicidad y c) etnificación - etnogénesis. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta de un proceso de etnificación y una consistente continuidad cultural basada en el fortalecimiento de la identidad mapuche que superó los inconvenientes propios que acarrea consigo el proceso de migración por razones de desempleo y en búsqueda de nuevas oportunidades.
¿Dinámicas de campo en los inicios de la antropología científica en Chile? Algunas consideraciones y debates situados a inicios del siglo XX.
Authors: Mora Héctor Iván
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se exponen algunos antecedentes claves en lo que podemos denominar proceso de institucionalización de la antropología científica hacia inicios del siglo XX, en específico relativos a la identificación de instancias institucionales, actores y debates que tuvieron lugar en dicha época en torno a lo que se definió como “objeto”: la población indígena o nativa pasada y presente que habitaba el territorio nacional. Lo anterior da cuenta de la emergencia de un campo investigativo sin disciplina, el que no logra su consolidación como tal en la escena universitaria y/o formativa de la época, ni tampoco su continuidad como campo autónomo. Sin un respaldo persistente por parte del Estado, y como es característico en la emergencia de la ciencia en América Latina, la antropología se levanta a partir del esfuerzo de actores concretos que la alimentan desde un imaginario que la sitúa como ciencia moderna, bajo el imperativo moral de registra lo que desaparece ante el progreso.
Del Yo al Nosotras y de lo Personal a lo Político: La Construcción de la Conciencia de Género en Talleres para Mujeres
Authors: López Castillo Bárbara Catalina
Published: September 2017

El estudio realiza un análisis sobre un conjunto de actividades pedagógicas con financiamiento estatal, orientadas a mujeres consideradas vulnerables, que promueven concienciación de género al abordar temáticascomo ejercicio de derechos, participación política y social y otras materias vinculadas al empoderamiento femenino. Se trata de los Talleres para Mujeres, ejecutados por la Fundación para la Promoción y Desarrollo de la Mujer (Prodemu) y, específicamente, del Taller de Desarrollo Personal del sector Pishuinco, en la comuna de Valdivia, realizado entre abril y junio de 2015. Fundada en una metodología etnográfica, esta pesquisa se sirve de laantropología del género, la educación popular y la pedagogía feminista, e incorpora reflexiones que abarcan desde el feminismo de la segunda ola hasta el feminismo poscolonial para problematizar la experiencia que describe,destacando las potencialidades de los procesos colectivos de concienciación,
Editorial
Authors: Le Bonniec Fabien
Published: September 2017

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Menéndez, rey de la Patagonia
Authors: Quiroga Felipe S.
Published: September 2017

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Microbiografías y estudios de memoria en Chile: observaciones metodológicas desde la investigación social
Authors: Del Valle Orellana Nicolás , Gálvez González Damián
Published: September 2017

Este artículo presenta las microbiografías como técnica de investigación social de la memoria. A partir de observaciones metodológicas desprendidas de un estudio sobre violaciones a los derechos humanos en la localidad rural de Paine, se identifica la microbiografía en los métodos cualitativos y en el enfoque biográfico de las ciencias sociales. Finalmente, se desarrolla el uso de las microbiografías de acuerdo a su aplicación en un estudio de la memoria en Chile.
La lengua española antes de la escuela en Isla de Pascua. Aspectos de la sociedad rapanui de comienzos del siglo XX a partir del Censo de población de 1916 en ese territorio
Authors: Corvalan Javier , Atan Konturi
Published: September 2017

Este artículo analiza los datos del censo de población llevado a cabo en Isla de Pascua en 1916 por la autoridad chilena. Se contabilizó un total de 268 habitantes y se tuvo la originalidad de preguntarles por el nivel de dominio del idioma castellano, además de datos laborales, entre otros aspectos. El censo arrojó un elocunte dominio del castellano por una parte importante de la población adulta, aun cuando la escuela formal había llegado hace sólo dos años a la isla. Se observó también una cantidad significativa de trabajadores asalariados, especialmente hombres. El nivel de dominio del castellano tendió a ser mayor en hombres que en mujeres, lo que probablemente se debió al trabajo asalariado y, en algunos casos, a la realización del servicio militar.
Cruzando La Araucanía (Chile). Un análisis de las prácticas de movilidad cotidiana de universitarios adscritos a la gratuidad
Authors: Riquelme Brevis Hernán Joaquín
Published: September 2017

Este artículo analiza los circuitos de movilidad de estudiantes uni- versitarios de La Araucanía que accedieron el año 2016 a la gratuidad. Cabe señalar que los sujetos de estudio no residen en Temuco, Chile, ciudad donde estudian, por ende realizan dos o más desplazamientos diarios desde su co- muna hacia la capital regional. Dentro de los criterios que se aplican para ac- ceder a la gratuidad destacan: pertenecer a uno de los cinco primeros deciles socioeconómicos de la población y estar matriculado en carreras de pregra- do presenciales, diurnas o vespertinas, dictadas en las instituciones elegibles (Mineduc, 2015). En tal sentido, se pretende analizar las condiciones y expe- riencias de viaje que desarrollan universitarios con el objetivo de cursar estu- dios, considerando los efectos no advertidos en la promoción de la política de inclusión educativa mediante la gratuidad. Estos efectos encuentran asidero en las diferencias sociales que influyen en el acceso a la educación superior desde un enfoque anclado en la movilidad cotidiana.
Vivir la territorialidad: Turismo mapuche y desarrollo
Authors: Rommens Dorian
Published: September 2017

Este artículo examina cómo los emprendedores mapuches están modelando el paisaje del turismo en el sur de Chile en el contexto del desarrollo indígena. Basado en la investigación etnográfica en y alrededor de Lican Ray, analizamos los impactos de las empresas turísticas mapuches en el desarrollo y la desterritorialización. Además, consideramos el turismo mapuche como una estrategia de resistencia en respuesta al profundo desplazamiento de la población mapuche ya la pérdida de los valores culturales tradicionales. La primera sección significa dar una visión general de la complejidad de las cuestiones relacionadas con el turismo y el desarrollo (indígena), así como para introducir prácticas de turismo mapuche. Luego, aplicando los conceptos territorialidad y colectivismo, afirmamos que los empresarios mapuches se están re-apropiando de la cultura mapuche para el desarrollo. El turismo mapuche está movilizando caminos alternativos para el desarrollo, relacionándose con la profunda conexión que tienen con el territorio y el medio ambiente de acuerdo con su cosmovisión. Finalmente, siguiendo las teorías de los antropólogos Charles Hale y James Scott, mostramos cómo el turismo mapuche se plasma en la globalización a través de la política neoliberal de Chile. Sin embargo, los indígenas Mapuche activos en el turismo demuestran que poseen la capacidad para construir estrategias de ‘resistencia cultural’.Este artículo aporta nuevas perspectivas al estudio del turismo y desarrollo indígena y representa el turismo mapuche como una oportunidad tanto para el desarrollo como para la resistencia indígena.
La apicultura del valle central chileno como práctica de conservación socialmente inclusiva en un contexto de escasez hídrica socialmente construida
Authors: Trujillo Bilbao Felipe Eduardo
Published: September 2017

Mediante un enfoque etnográfico que complementa conversaciones, recorridos y encuestas productivas, este estudio se adentra en la apicultura doméstica realizada en el valle de Colliguay, comuna de Quilpué, Quinta región de Chile. Esta es una actividad que emerge como resultado de profundas transformaciones detonadas por la neoliberalización de la naturaleza en general y del agua en particular. Por ello es que se busca contextualizar la situación de escasez hídrica que desplazó al ganado y puso en su lugar a las abejas mediante una lectura desde la ecología política. Se discute así sobre cómo realizar una lectura antropológica de los escenarios ecológicos que desnaturalicen las fracturas metabólicas que sufre una zona con amenazada presencia de bosque nativo. Se descubre que es el afuerino el responsable material y simbólico de un incremento en el estrés hídrico y pieza clave en las relaciones sociales de confrontación del valle. Se relata luego cómo las abejas han fomentado el interés y afecto hacia el bosque, reforzando así la idea de una conservación socialmente inclusiva.
Local and Remote Impacts of Atmospheric Cloud Radiative Effects Onto the Eddy‐Driven Jet
Authors: Watt‐Meyer O. , Frierson D. M. W.
Published: September 2017

This study examines the cause of the spread of extratropical circulation responses to the inclusion of atmospheric cloud radiative effects (ACRE) across atmospheric general circulation models. The ensemble of Clouds On‐Off Klimate Intercomparison Experiment aquaplanet simulations shows that these responses include both equatorward and poleward shifts of the eddy‐driven jet of varying magnitudes. These disparate extratropical responses occur despite the relatively consistent response in the tropics: a heating in the upper troposphere, which leads to a strengthening of the Hadley cell. It is argued that the eddy‐driven jet response is a competition between two effects: the local influence of clouds driving shifts of the jet through meridional gradients in ACRE and the remote impact of a strengthened Hadley cell causing an equatorward shift of the eddy‐driven jet. Simulations in which cloud radiative effects are separately turned on in the tropics and extratropics demonstrate this explicitly.
Twentieth‐Century Hydrometeorological Reconstructions to Study the Multidecadal Variations of the Water Cycle Over France
Authors: Bonnet R. , Boé J. , Dayon G. , Martin E.
Published: September 2017

Characterizing and understanding the multidecadal variations of the continental hydrological cycle is a challenging issue given the limitation of observed data sets. In this paper, a new approach to derive twentieth century hydrological reconstructions over France with an hydrological model is presented. The method combines the results of long‐term atmospheric reanalyses downscaled with a stochastic statistical method and homogenized station observations to derive the meteorological forcing needed for hydrological modeling. Different methodological choices are tested and evaluated. We show that using homogenized observations to constrain the results of statistical downscaling help to improve the reproduction of precipitation, temperature, and river flows variability. In particular, it corrects some unrealistic long‐term trends associated with the atmospheric reanalyses. Observationally constrained reconstructions therefore constitute a valuable data set to study the multidecadal hydrological variations over France. Thanks to these reconstructions, we confirm that the multidecadal variations previously noted in French river flows have mainly a climatic origin. Moreover, we show that multidecadal variations exist in other hydrological variables (evapotranspiration, snow cover, and soil moisture). Depending on the region, the persistence from spring to summer of soil moisture or snow anomalies generated during spring by temperature and precipitation variations may explain river flows variations in summer, when no concomitant climate variations exist.
Changes in Pore Water Quality After Peatland Restoration: Assessment of a Large‐Scale, Replicated Before‐After‐Control‐Impact Study in Finland
Authors: Menberu Meseret Walle , Marttila Hannu , Tahvanainen Teemu , Kotiaho Janne S. , Hokkanen Reijo , Kløve Bjørn , Ronkanen Anna‐Kaisa
Published: September 2017

Drainage is known to affect peatland natural hydrology and water quality, but peatland restoration is considered to ameliorate peatland degradation. Using a replicated BACIPS (Before‐After‐Control‐Impact Paired Series) design, we investigated 24 peatlands, all drained for forestry and subsequently restored, and 19 pristine control boreal peatlands with high temporal and spatial resolution data on hydroclimate and pore water quality. In drained conditions, total nitrogen (Ntot), total phosphorus (Ptot), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in pore water were several‐fold higher than observed at pristine control sites, highlighting the impacts of long‐term drainage on pore water quality. In general, pore water DOC and Ntot decreased after restoration measures but still remained significantly higher than at pristine control sites, indicating long time lags in restoration effects. Different peatland classes and trophic levels (vegetation gradient) responded differently to restoration, primarily due to altered hydrology and varying acidity levels. Sites that were hydrologically overrestored (inundated) showed higher Ptot, Ntot, and DOC than well‐restored or insufficiently restored sites, indicating the need to optimize natural‐like hydrological regimes when restoring peatlands drained for forestry. Rich fens (median pH 6.2–6.6) showed lower pore water Ptot, Ntot, and DOC than intermediate and poor peats (pH 4.0–4.6) both before and after restoration. Nutrients and DOC in pore water increased in the first year postrestoration but decreased thereafter. The most important variables related to pore water quality were trophic level, peatland class, water table level, and soil and air temperature.
Using gamma index to flag changes in anatomy during image‐guided radiation therapy of head and neck cancer
Authors: Schaly Bryan , Kempe Jeff , Venkatesan Varagur , Mitchell Sylvia , Battista Jerry J
Published: September 2017

During radiation therapy of head and neck cancer, the decision to consider replanning a treatment because of anatomical changes has significant resource implications. We developed an algorithm that compares cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) image pairs and provides an automatic alert as to when remedial action may be required. Retrospective CBCT data from ten head and neck cancer patients that were replanned during their treatment was used to train the algorithm on when to recommend a repeat CT simulation (re‐CT). An additional 20 patients (replanned and not replanned) were used to validate the predictive power of the algorithm. CBCT images were compared in 3D using the gamma index, combining Hounsfield Unit (HU) difference with distance‐to‐agreement (DTA), where the CBCT study acquired on the first fraction is used as the reference. We defined the match quality parameter (MQPx) as a difference between the xth percentiles of the failed‐pixel histograms calculated from the reference gamma comparison and subsequent comparisons, where the reference gamma comparison is taken from the first two CBCT images acquired during treatment. The decision to consider re‐CT was based on three consecutive MQP values being less than or equal to a threshold value, such that re‐CT recommendations were within ±3 fractions of the actual re‐CT order date for the training cases. Receiver‐operator characteristic analysis showed that the best trade‐off in sensitivity and specificity was achieved using gamma criteria of 3 mm DTA and 30 HU difference, and the 80th percentile of the failed‐pixel histogram. A sensitivity of 82% and 100% was achieved in the training and validation cases, respectively, with a false positive rate of ~30%. We have demonstrated that gamma analysis of CBCT‐acquired anatomy can be used to flag patients for possible replanning in a manner consistent with local clinical practice guidelines.
Fluorescent Protein Nanovessels: A New Platform to Generate Bio–Abiotic Hybrid Materials for Bioimaging
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Zhang Jianxu , Wang Youjun , Liu Yang , Li Zhenhua , Xie Zhigang , Chen Zhijun
Published: September 2017

In this report, a new platform to generate fluorescent protein nanovessels is described. Based on systemic analyses and reconstitution experiments, a combination of protein scaffold and organic dye is identified. Briefly, certain proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) can rapidly form cube‐like scaffold upon heating. This protein scaffolds intrinsically interact with nonfluorescent dyes such as bromophenol blue (BPB), forming BSA‐BPB nanocubes (BBNCs). Moreover, it turns out that the commercially available dye BPB contains aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties, allowing the BBNCs emissive upon irradiation. The fluorescent protein nanovessels are highly biocompatible and can be readily internalized by different type of cells. The fluorescent signal of the materials is well‐penetrable from mouse tissues and can be detected at near‐infrared region, making it a useful tool for various biological imaging studies. This platform for making fluorescent protein nanovessels is green, rapid, and cost‐effective and can be extended to other protein scaffolds and possibly other dye/AIE molecules.
Highly Sensitive Low‐Bandgap Perovskite Photodetectors with Response from Ultraviolet to the Near‐Infrared Region
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Zhao Dewei , Zhang Fujun , Li Ludong , Du Mingde , Wang Changlei , Yu Yue , Huang Qianqian , Zhang Miao , Li Lingliang , Miao Jianli , Lou Zheng , Shen Guozhen , Fang Ying , Yan Yanfa
Published: September 2017

It is a great challenge to obtain broadband response perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) due to the relatively large bandgaps of the most used methylammonium lead halide perovskites. The response range of the reported PPDs is limited in the ultraviolet–visible range. Here, highly sensitive PPDs are successfully fabricated with low bandgap (≈1.25 eV) (FASnI3)0.6(MAPbI3)0.4 perovskite as active layers, exhibiting a broadband response from 300 to 1000 nm. The performance of the PPDs can be optimized by adjusting the thicknesses of the perovskite and C60 layers. The optimized PPDs with 1000 nm thick perovskite layer and 70 nm thick C60 layer exhibit an almost flat external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectrum from 350 to 900 nm with EQE larger than 65% under −0.2 V bias. Meanwhile, the optimized PPDs also exhibit suppressed dark current of 3.9 nA, high responsivity (R) of over 0.4 A W−1, high specific detectivity (D*) of over 1012 Jones in the near‐infrared region under −0.2 V. Such highly sensitive broadband response PPDs, which can work well as self‐powered conditions, offer great potential applications in multicolor light detection.
Nanoscale Ferromagnetic Cobalt‐Doped ZnO Structures Formed by Deep‐UV Direct‐Patterning
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Cheng , Colis Silviu , Fioux Philippe , Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Berling Dominique , Soppera Olivier
Published: September 2017

Cobalt (II) acetate is mixed with zinc methacrylate (ZnMAA) to form a photopatternable Co‐doped zinc oxide precursor. By using deep‐UV (DUV) interference lithography, Co‐doped ZnMAA precursor can be patterned as negative tone resist and transformed into ferromagnetic Co:ZnO films after thermal treatment. Moreover, Co:ZnO patterns as small as 300 nm line‐width can be easily obtained. To have an in‐depth understanding to the effect of DUV‐patterning process as well as thermal annealing on Co:ZnO films derived from Co‐doped ZnMAA precursor, optical, magnetic, and electrical characterizations are performed on Co:ZnO films prepared in different conditions. For the Co:ZnO film prepared without DUV‐patterning, large zero‐field‐cooling (ZFC)–field‐cooling (FC) irreversibility appears in superconducting quantum interference device measurements after vacuum annealing, indicating that Co clusters have formed inside the film. On the other hand, no ZFC–FC bifurcation can be observed for the DUV‐patterned Co:ZnO film after the vacuum annealing, suggesting that the uniformity of Co ion distribution inside ZnO lattice is improved by DUV‐patterning.
Advanced Biotechnologies Toward Engineering a Cell Home for Stem Cell Accommodation
Authors: Tian Bei‐Min , He Xiao‐Tao , Xu Xin‐Yue , Li Xuan , Wu Rui‐Xin , Chen Fa‐Ming
Published: September 2017

Biomaterials that exhibit bioinspired behavior enable a range of novel biomedical applications. Cell‐friendly biomaterials incorporating crucial physicochemical cues can instruct and dictate cell behavior both in vitro and in vivo. Despite substantial advances, engineering a complex cell regulatory system that incorporates mechanical and chemical signals targeting specific intracellular events has remained far from a reality. Recently, biological studies have begun to decipher the dynamic interplay between stem cells and their microenvironments. Moreover, the myriad recently developed advanced material biotechnologies, such as 3D bioprinting, protein engineering, release technology, high‐throughput screening, and microfluidics, have enabled the engineering of sophisticated biomaterial systems that increasingly closely mimic the spatial and temporal characteristics of the native cell milieu. Thus, biomaterials engineered in the laboratory not only provide a fertile environment for fostering stem cells but also exhibit properties that elicit favorable crosstalk between the structural components, the cells and the host tissue in a precise physiological manner, enabling balanced matrix generation and degradation for successful tissue regeneration to be achieved. This progress report discusses these advanced biotechnologies for the design, fabrication, and functionalization of biomaterials, highlighting their merits over traditional methodologies for mimicking the structural and mechanical properties of their natural in vivo counterparts.
Determining Transport Properties of Complex Multiterminal Systems: S‐Matrix of General Tight‐Binding Periodic Leads
Authors: Ramírez Carlos
Published: September 2017

Calculation of the scattering matrix (S‐matrix) of a system allows direct determination of its transport properties. Within the scattering theory, S‐matrices relate amplitudes of incoming and outgoing waves in semi‐infinite leads attached to a scattering region. Recently, an assembly method to calculate S‐matrices of arbitrary tight‐binding systems connected to atomic chains has been proposed, were the S‐matrices of subsystems are used to obtain S‐matrix of the total system. In this paper, a new efficient method to obtain S‐matrices of general periodic leads is established, which can be used in the mentioned assembly method, allowing to address coherent quantum transport of arbitrary multiterminal systems with complex geometries trough Landauer‐Büttiker formalism. In addition, a new method to determine extended‐state band structures of general infinite periodic wires is presented, which exploits properties of the S‐matrix. Finally, these methods are used to obtain band structure of graphene arm‐chair and zig‐zag nanoribbons and transmission functions in three terminal Z‐shaped graphene nanoribbon structures.
Real‐Time Control of the Enantioselectivity of a Supramolecular Catalyst Allows Selecting the Configuration of Consecutively Formed Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Zimbron Jeremy M. , Caumes Xavier , Li Yan , Thomas Christophe M. , Raynal Matthieu , Bouteiller Laurent
Published: September 2017

The enantiomeric state of a supramolecular copper catalyst can be switched in situ in ca. five seconds. The dynamic property of the catalyst is provided by the non‐covalent nature of the helical assemblies supporting the copper centers. These assemblies are formed by mixing an achiral benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) phosphine ligand (for copper coordination) and both enantiomers of a chiral phosphine‐free BTA co‐monomer (for chirality amplification). The enantioselectivity of the hydrosilylation reaction is fixed by the BTA enantiomer in excess, which can be altered by simple BTA addition. As a result of the complete and fast stereochemical switch, any combination of the enantiomers was obtained during the conversion of a mixture of two substrates.
Cationic Nitrogen‐Doped Helical Nanographenes
Authors: Xu Kun , Fu Yubin , Zhou Youjia , Hennersdorf Felix , Machata Peter , Vincon Ilka , Weigand Jan J. , Popov Alexey A. , Berger Reinhard , Feng Xinliang
Published: September 2017

Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of novel cationic nitrogen‐doped nanographenes (CNDNs) with nonplanar geometry and axial chirality. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis reveals helical and cove‐edged structures. Compared to their all‐carbon analogues, the frontier orbitals of the CNDNs are energetically lower lying, with a reduced optical energy gap and greater electron‐accepting behavior. Cyclic voltammetry shows all the derivatives to undergo quasireversible reductions. In situ spectroelectrochemical studies prove that, depending on the number of nitrogen dopants, either neutral radicals (one nitrogen dopant) or radical cations (two nitrogen dopants) are formed upon reduction. The concept of cationic nitrogen doping and introducing helicity into nanographenes paves the way for the design and synthesis of expanded nanographenes or even graphene nanoribbons with cationic nitrogen dopants.
Consumer valuation of personal information in the age of big data
Authors: Lim Sesil , Woo JongRoul , Lee Jongsu , Huh Sung‐Yoon
Published: September 2017

In a big data environment, there are growing concerns about the violation of consumer rights regarding information privacy. To induce rational regulations for protecting personal information, it is necessary to separately estimate consumers' values related to different types of personal information. In this article, discrete choice experiments using hypothetical information leakage situations given certain compensation amounts and discrete choice models were used to quantitatively analyze the value of personal information. The results indicate that consumers generally place high value on information that could cause immediate and actual damage from the leakage after identification, such as basic personal information and purchase list and payment information. Consumers value location information and personal medical information differently based on their perceived importance of privacy and their prior experience with personal information leakage. We suggest that the level of regulation should differ according to the type of personal information based on the consumers' valuation. This article contributes to a better understanding of a quantitative approach to pricing personal information.
Engineering Microbial Metabolite Dynamics and Heterogeneity
Authors: Schmitz Alexander C. , Hartline Christopher J. , Zhang Fuzhong
Published: September 2017

As yields for biological chemical production in microorganisms approach their theoretical maximum, metabolic engineering requires new tools, and approaches for improvements beyond what traditional strategies can achieve. Engineering metabolite dynamics and metabolite heterogeneity is necessary to achieve further improvements in product titers, productivities, and yields. Metabolite dynamics, the ensemble change in metabolite concentration over time, arise from the need for microbes to adapt their metabolism in response to the extracellular environment and are important for controlling growth and productivity in industrial fermentations. Metabolite heterogeneity, the cell‐to‐cell variation in a metabolite concentration in an isoclonal population, has a significant impact on ensemble productivity. Recent advances in single cell analysis enable a more complete understanding of the processes driving metabolite heterogeneity and reveal metabolic engineering targets. The authors present an overview of the mechanistic origins of metabolite dynamics and heterogeneity, why they are important, their potential effects in chemical production processes, and tools and strategies for engineering metabolite dynamics and heterogeneity. The authors emphasize that the ability to control metabolite dynamics and heterogeneity will bring new avenues of engineering to increase productivity of microbial strains.
Promoting mastery of complex biological mechanisms
Authors: Bradshaw William S. , Groneman Kathryn J. , Nelson Jennifer , Bell John D.
Published: September 2017

This article describes efforts aimed at improving comprehension and retention of complex molecular mechanisms commonly studied in undergraduate biology and biochemistry courses. The focus is on the design of appropriate assessments, an active classroom emphasizing formative practice, and more effective out‐of‐class study habits. Assessments that require students to articulate their understanding through writing are the most effective. Frequent formative practice improves performance on problems that require intellectual transfer, the ability to apply conceptual principles in novel settings. We show that success with such problems is a function of mastery of the intrinsic logic of the biology in play, not variations in the way they are written. Survey data demonstrate that many students would prefer a learning style not dominated by memorization of factual details, but how to develop a more effective strategy is rarely intuitive. Matching individual students with specific learning styles has not proven useful. Instead, teachers can strongly promote individual metacognitive appraisal during both classroom activities and other study environments. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(1):7–21, 2018.
03.24: Compressive strength of transverse and longitudinal T‐type branch plate‐to‐circular hollow section connections
Authors: Zapata Luis Miguel , Graciano Carlos
Published: September 2017

Connections have a great influence on the structural behaviour and safety of steel structures, hence extensive investigation has been conducted to determine the most efficient methods to design these elements. Nevertheless, for plate‐to‐circular hollow section connections the studies are mostly based on numerical technics and experimentation, this paper addresses a theoretical approach to estimate the ultimate strength for both transverse and longitudinal T‐type plate‐to‐chord connections loaded under branch plate compression. In the current work, an ultimate strength equation for each type of connection was derived using the upper bound theorem of plastic collapse, this theorem was employed to develop a mechanical model that defines the elastoplastic collapse of the connection components which is characterized mainly by the formation of yield lines in the chord. The model takes into consideration both the most influential geometrical parameters and that of membrane effects, particularly, the parameter for the effective branch member depth‐to‐chord diameter ratio of the connection was calibrated by regression analysis. Theoretical predictions were compared with available experimental data, finite element results and current design equations included in the CIDECT rules, showing fair correlation considering that the nature of some of the variables in the model proposed rely on the use of regression analysis.
03.29: Behaviour of the short headed anchors with supplementary reinforcement
Authors: Bujnak Jan , Bujnak Jan , Farbak Matus
Published: September 2017

Precast concrete structures are becoming very popular for many construction designers. The appropriate design and performance of structural joints are essential preconditions for durability and effectiveness of this type of structures. Headed fastenings made of rebar steel belong currently to the attractive solution for creating compact structural joints. The resistance of this type of anchors can be increased by using supplementary steel reinforcement. Our actual research and studies focused on headed fastening and supplementary reinforcement are shortly described. Then, the experimental research is discussed in the paper.
03.36: Skewed extended shear tab connections: Behavior, analysis and parametric study
Authors: Mahamid Mustafa , Hijaj Mutaz Al , Rahman Adeeb , Malhas Faris
Published: September 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the behavior of skewed extended shear tab connections with different support conditions: In which plate (shear tab) is welded to supporting member webs (flexible supports). And with the plate is welded to the supporting member flanges (rigid supports). The finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to model different configurations for these connections. It was concluded that the connection orientation have significant effect on the connection torsional stability for the case with flexible supports. And there is a need to develop a unique design procedure for these connections. A parametric study was performed to develop a design procedure for skewed extended shear tab connections based on results obtained from finite element analysis for 300 models with different configurations. The variable parameters used for this study are: plate thickness, the a‐distance between the weld line and the bolt line, skewed angle, and number of bolts. These parameters were investigated in terms of the connection vertical displacement, plate twist along the bolt line, plate twist along the weld line, and the connection shear capacity. Modifications to the current connection lateral stability checks in the literature will also be addressed. The proposed design procedure on this study is specific procedure for the skewed extended shear tab connections. This procedure is compared with the current design procedure in the AISC Manual 14th edition.
04.13: Influence of closely spaced ring‐stiffeners on the axial buckling behavior of cylindrical shells
Authors: Jäger‐Cañás Andreas , Pasternak Hartmut
Published: September 2017

Material efficiency in modern tank constructions often is achieved by combining thin plates with light and heavy ring stiffeners. While the plates are designed to resist hydrostatic pressure, the stiffeners are designed against wind and external pressure. Axial buckling may occur due to high roof loads and wind since very thin plates are prone to a loss of stability.

Test results in the 60s and 70s revealed that closely spaced ring‐stiffeners may greatly enhance the axial buckling behavior, allowing for knock‐down factors greater unity. However, until today, no design procedure is available allowing for adopting the beneficial effect of ring stiffeners under axial compression into practical design.

In this paper a design procedure is proposed that closes this gap in current design codes. One outcome of the conducted literature study revealed that test results of unstiffened shells may be more closely approximated and is shortly presented. The design procedure for ring‐stiffened shells was then developed from lower bound curves deduced from categorized buckling tests.

The results of a parametrical study, that was conducted over a wide range of r/t‐values, is presented. Imperfection depths up to 10t were examined using a stiffener spacing of one buckling half‐wave. Especially highly slender stiffened cylinders benefit from ring‐stiffening, showing up to 380% strength gains.

Imperfection depths proposed by the current design code were found to be too conservative.
04.20: Bending of rectangular plates subject to non‐uniform pressure distributions relevant to containment structures
Authors: Brown C.J. , Goodey R.J. , Rotter J. Michael
Published: September 2017

Rectangular planform silos are often used where there is need for simple construction or space restrictions. The flexibility of the flat plate walls leads to a horizontal variation in wall pressure across each wall, with much reduced pressures at the mid‐side. There is a clear and systematic relationship between the wall flexural stiffness relative to the stiffness of the stored solid and the pressure pattern on the wall which is now well proven. Since the centre of each wall is subject to significantly reduced pressures, it may be expected that the bending moments in the wall will much lower, permitting the use of a thinner wall. In turn, the thinner wall is then more flexible and leads to a further redistribution of the pressures. This paper is the first to examine the structural consequences of these pressure changes.

The horizontal variation of the wall pressure is well captured by a hyperbolic form, with much reduced mid‐side pressures and raised corner pressures, characterised by a single parameter “alpha” that determines the strength of this redistribution. This parameter α is naturally dependent on the relative wall and solid stiffness. In this study, the value of α is varied between the uniform pressure condition α = 0 and a high value (α=3). The highest values occur when a stiff solid is stored in a silo with very flexible walls. Wall plates of different aspect ratio are investigated representing conditions in a square or rectangular silo.

The finite element predictions show that great savings can be made in the design of these structures by exploiting the reduced deflections and reduced stresses that arise when realistic patterns of pressure are adopted. The results presented here are suitable for transformation into design rules for the Eurocode standards EN 1993‐1‐7 [1] and EN 1993‐4‐1 [2].
05.03: Weld residual stresses effects in the design of welded plate girders: Simulation and Implementation
Authors: Launert Benjamin , Pasternak Hartmut
Published: September 2017

Eurocode 3 offers different possibilities on a numerically‐aided design of welded plate girders. In this, a geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis of the imperfect structure (GMNIA) provides the theoretically highest possible degree of realism. A correct implementation of “imperfections” is of critical importance in the practical application of this method. The current design rules are based on long term experience in terms of traditional (“old”) welding procedures and regular (“low strength”) steel grades. Thus, they provide very approximate (but safe) rules for these structures. With the introduction of modern shop welding operations and materials, many of these assumptions seem to be over‐conservative. A revision of these rules is being processed in different national and international research projects. This particular study focusses on the weld residual stresses and their effects in conventional steel S355 and high strength steel S690. Metal active gas (MAG) welding under shop welding conditions was used. The measurement of weld residual stresses on component‐like samples (carried out by the BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung in Berlin) has been widely published. The hereupon based (simplified) welding simulation as part of a subsequent structural analysis is shown here. A novel numerical approach how to directly incorporate the results into large structural components models is presented. The capacity analysis is performed on a simple example for weak‐axis buckling. The results indicate significant improvements in the utilization of load‐bearing capacity and underline the superior buckling assignment for the S690 compared to conventional S355. The experimental validation of the findings is currently being prepared.
05.11: Local buckling behavior of octagonal hollow cross‐section member under axial compression or bending shear
Authors: Naohiro Wada , Kikuo Ikarashi , Tadayoshi Okada , Yosuke Kawabata
Published: September 2017

An octagonal hollow cross‐section member not only permits the use of thin plate elements, but also suppresses local buckling. The purpose of this study is to clarify how the shape of the cross‐section affects the elastic buckling strength and elastic–plastic behavior under axial compression or bending shear. For this purpose, buckling analysis using the finite element method was performed to examine the shape of a cross‐section, which was changed from a square to an octagon by chamfering the four corners of the square; the chamfer width of the member was also gradually increased. The octagonal cross‐section was compared to a square cross‐section before chamfering, and to a square cross‐section with the same width‐to‐thickness ratio. The conclusions are as follows: (1) when the shape of the cross‐section was changed from a square to an octagon, the elastic buckling strength of the member increased and its plastic deformation capacity improved. (2) Assuming that a square and an octagonal cross‐section have the same width‐to‐thickness ratio by changing the chamfer width, the elastic buckling strength of the octagonal cross‐section did not always change monotonically. (3) The plastic deformation capacity was approximately equal for both octagonal‐ and square‐shaped members when their width‐to‐thickness ratios were equal.
05.16: Stability behavior of graded dented cylindrical steel shells under the action of combined external and axial pressure
Authors: Pourkhorshidi Sara , Abedi Karim
Published: September 2017

Thin‐walled cylindrical steel shells such as silos, tanks and other containers are used in various applications of engineering. For economic reasons, large fluid storage steel tanks are made with varying thickness in height. Cylindrical steel shells with stepwise variable wall thickness are the most prevalent structural components in petrochemical and oil industry. However, during the construction procedure and service life, these reservoirs may be exposed to some geometrical imperfections in the form of dents. These shells are subjected to peripheral pressure loading and when a large liquid storage is discharged, an internal suction will be applied to its wall and head, causing external pressure on the wall and axial compression on the head. These structures are prone to fail by buckling under external pressure and axial compression. Previous studies show that the stability behavior of cylindrical shells under pressure load is strongly dependent on the nature and magnitude of the imperfections. Despite many studies on the buckling behavior of thin‐walled cylindrical steel shells of constant thickness, so far only a few investigations have been undertaken to examine instability behavior of these structures with thickness variation under the action of combined external pressure and axial compression, considering the dent imperfections. In this study, the effects of vertical and horizontal dents on the buckling and post‐buckling behavior of dented graded cylindrical steel shells with two and three layers under the action of a combination of peripheral and axial pressure are investigated. The models are designed in practical dimensions, with some horizontal and vertical dents in different positions. In the present study, non‐linear buckling and post‐buckling solutions of thin‐walled cylindrical steel shell with varying thickness are obtained by using ABAQUS, which is a general‐purpose finite element program designed specifically for advanced structural analysis.