bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repercusión de las políticas de contratación laboral en el sector bananero del Ecuador
Authors: Mera Cumbicus Gonzalo Rodolfo , Guillen Ordoñez Raquel Alexandra , González Ramón Ernesto Xavier
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito analizar las políticas de contratación laboral vigentes en el Ecuador, tomando como referencia la expedición del Acuerdo Ministerial N° MDT-2018-0074, con el que se modifica la modalidad de contratación en el sector bananero, e implementa el contrato de trabajo especial discontinuo a jornada parcial, por el tiempo que dure el ciclo que genera la actividad especial a realizarse en el sector, de esta manera, el Estado se congracia y cumple con las exigencias circunstanciales del empleador. Sin considerar, que en el Ecuador a partir del año 2015 rige la contratación indefinida estableciéndose como la modalidad típica de contratación laboral estable o permanente, y su duración o extinción se producirá únicamente por las causas y los procedimientos señalados en el Código de Trabajo. Determinando una incidencia legal, que provoca una inestabilidad laboral al trabajador que presta sus servicios lícitos y personales en el sector bananero ecuatoriano, conclusión que se sustenta del análisis de las políticas de contratación aplicables antes y después de la expedición del Acuerdo Ministerial N° MDT-2018-0074, el cual fue emitido el 10 de abril del año 2018, y de las entrevistas que fueron realizadas a los trabajadores del sector bananero.
Changes in the gender ideals of high school students (2010 - 2018)
Authors: Divisenko Konstantin
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of the comparative analysis of high school students' gender perceptions, including the comparison of the results of the two empirical studies (2010 and 2018) on the significant qualities of ideal women and men. The compatibility of the two series allows to speak of the presence of certain changes that had happened within the students' perceptions in last 8 years. The results point at the certain stability of their gender perceptions and differentiation of images of ideal men and women. As exposed, young men's views are more traditional and conservative, while most girls are more inclined towards egalitarian views (especially in 2018).
MODIFIKASI SISTEM PERMESINAN DAN GENERAL ARRANGEMENT KAPAL NAVIGASI BIMA SAKTI MENJADI KAPAL LATIH
Authors: Ridwan Mochamad Ely
Published: November 2019

A training ship is a ship that is used as a training ship to train cadets to become sailors. It is used in order to meet today’s sailors need. There are various types of ships but Bima Sakti is a former navigational ship that approaches the needs as a training ship.  Bima Sakti is a grant from the navigation service. One important factor that inhibits the selection of the ships is the availability of accommodation and training centers for cadets. The method used in this research is by conducting research on Bima Sakti training ship which is a transition from a navigation ship. However, there are several parts of the navigation vessel that are not in accordance with the purpose of the training ship. The purpose of this research is to modify the general arrangement for residential and learning units/modifications to the layout of the engine room to get wider space. Recalculate the changing systems, calculate load factors and ship load balance generators with a change in function the ship by going through direct research on environmental conditions and operational equipment of the ship, a new composition is obtained regarding the accommodation of ship crews with equipment suitable for training ship.

 Keywords : Modification, Accommodation, Load factor and Load ballance

Kapal latih merupakan kapal yang digunakan sebagai kapalbuntuk melatih calon pelaut agar menjadi pelaut seesuai dengan kebutuhan zaman. Ada berbagai type kapal saat ini tetapi disini kapal yang digunakan adalah bekas kapal navigasi yang mendekati kebutuhan sebagai kapal latih yang merupakan hibah dari dinas navigasi. Salah satu faktor penting yang menghambat dalam pemilihan jenis kapal adalah ketersediaanya ruangan untuk akomodasi dan tempat latihan taruna sebagai calon anak buah kapal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan mengadakan penelitian secara langsung dilapangan terhadap kapal latih Bima Sakti yang merupakan peralihan dari kapal navigasi, yang mana ada beberapa bagian dari kapal navigasi tersebut yang kurang sesuai dengan peruntukan kapal latih. Adapun tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk modifikasi general arrangemen untuk tempat hunian dan pembelajaran Taruna Meredisign/ modifikasi engine room arrangemen layout untuk mendapatkan space yang lebih luas Menghitung ulang sistem-sistem yang berubah, perhitungan load faktor serta load ballance generator kapal kapal dengan adanya perubahan fungsi kapal tersebut. Dengan melalui penelitian secara langsung terhadap kondisi lingkungan dan peralatan-peralatan operasional kapal maka diperoleh suatu komposisi baru mengenai akomodasi anak buah kapal dengan peralatan yang sesuai untuk kapal latih.
Kata kunci : Modifikasi, Akomodasi, Faktor beban, Keseimbangan beban
A review of research on the fertiliser and lime requirements of pasture on the eastern coast of the North Island
Authors: Gray Maurice H. , Morton Jeffrey D.
Published: November 2019

The soils on the eastern region of the North Island (Wairarapa, Tararua, Hawkeâ€™s Bay, Poverty Bay, East Coast) are mainly of the Brown, Pallic, Recent (Sedimentary) and Pumice orders and are most are farmed with sheep and cattle on hill pastures. Several field trials have been carried out to determine the pasture growth requirements for phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), lime and molybdenum (Mo) in this region since the 1960s and the results published in various papers. This review considers the results of these studies collectively and in relation to national datasets. Sedimentary and Pumice soils with Olsen P levels of less than 12 Âµg/mL required annual application of P. Significant pasture production responses to S were measured where initial soil sulphate-S levels were less than 6 ppm. Additional K for sheep and beef pastures was required mainly on Pumice and Brown soils with soil QTK levels of 6 or less. Large pasture DM responses to N were measured in most trials, especially on steep slopes and sunny aspects with low legume content. Lime is needed to maintain soil pH once it decreases to 5.4 on hill soils. Molybdenum deficiency in legumes can occur on sedimentary soils and should be monitored by clover-leaf analysis.
Maximising the value of irrigation through improved use of soil resources and sensor technology
Authors: Drewry John J. , Hedley Carolyn B. , Ekanayake Jagath
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a case-study approach focussing on variability of soils, soil physical properties, and how the use of proximal sensor surveys and soil moisture monitoring can be used to improve irrigation management at fine spatial scales (<10 m). Proximal sensor survey data have been used to map soil variability and statistically derive management zones, which are then correlated with S-map siblings using soil moisture release curves. At the first case study site, soil moisture monitoring of these management zones showed the poorly drained soil had wetter conditions than the other zones, which is likely to have been a factor contributing to reduced barley yield. Less irrigation could therefore have been applied to the poorly drained soil, with a saving in cost and yield penalty. In the second case study, we provide an overview of research focussing on practical applications of near real-time soil moisture monitoring and visualisation through smart phone apps, enabling new irrigation software and hardware to be matched to specific farm circumstances, so soils and crops can be managed to reduce water and nutrient losses.
Increasing biological nitrogen fixation by white clover-rhizobia symbiosis
Authors: Shi Shengjing , Villamizar Laura , Gerard Emily , Ronson Clive , Wakelin Steve , Ballard Ross , Caradus John R. , O'Callaghan Maureen
Published: November 2019

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia through legumeâ€“rhizobia symbiosis. The nitrogen fixed by rhizobia in root nodules is available for plant use. This process can be harnessed to improve N fertility on farm. Field surveys across New Zealand (NZ), within a farm and within paddocks, have revealed large spatial variability of rhizobial population size and symbiotic effectiveness with white clover. These results indicate that naturalised rhizobia may not be supporting optimal BNF. Over 500 strains of clover-nodulating rhizobia were isolated from NZ pasture soils, with more than 90 demonstrating greater N-fixation capacity with white clover than the commercial inoculant strain TA1. Seven NZ isolates were tested for nodule occupancy and all seven had significantly higher occupancy rates than TA1 in an in vitro assay, indicating increased competitiveness of those strains. In addition, novel seed-coating technology improved the survival of TA1 and isolate S10N9 from 1 month to more than 4 months compared with a standard coating formulation. There is potential to increase the symbiotic capacity of white clover in pastures through use of more effective and competitive rhizobial strains, along with their improved survival on seed provided by a new coating technology.
Assessing the ability of a stationary pasture height sensing device to estimate pasture growth and biomass
Authors: Milsom Andrew , Bell Olivia , Bailey Kris , Brown Stuart C. , Barton Richard A. , Moreno Garcia Cristian A. , Chen Ao , Bryant Racheal H. , Maxwell Thomas M.R. , Eady Colin C.
Published: November 2019

Good pasture management requires an accurate knowledge of whole-farm feedbase, yet most systems for measuring pasture growth are manually operated and time consuming. A newly developed pasture-measuring device enables remote measurement of pasture height on a regular basis. This study investigated the accuracy of such a device compared with a rising plate meter, then assessed the device on a pure perennial ryegrass paddock at a research farm, followed by field testing in a perennial ryegrass/white clover paddock on a commercial dairy farm. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.93) was obtained between collected DM yield and device-derived pasture height within the pure perennial ryegrass paddock but the correlation was weaker (R2 =0.68) with data from the dairy farm perennial ryegrass/white clover paddock. There is considerable potential to improve upon these initial data through the use of adjusted calibrations. Findings demonstrate the device has the potential to accurately estimate pasture growth.
Determining yield of forage crops using the Canopeo mobile phone app
Authors: JÃ¡uregui JosÃ© M. , Delbino Fernando G. , Brance Bonvini MarÃ­a InÃ©s , Berhongaray Gonzalo
Published: November 2019

One of the biggest challenges in pastoral systems is accurately determining forage availability. Destructive sampling is the most accurate method to use but it is very time-consuming, so non-destructive methods are usually preferred. This study compared data on the percentage of green canopy cover (%GCC) obtained using a recently developed image-analysis mobile phone app (CanopeoÂ®) with crop biomass, light interception and NDVI measurements. Data were obtained for a range of crop species from two dryland experiments of lucerne (E1) and winter forage crops (E2). Linear and quadratic regression models were constructed to evaluate the data obtained using CanopeoÂ® to estimate biomass accumulation, light interception and NDVI. For lucerne, positive linear relationships were found between %GCC and biomass (0.77 and 0.79 for Spring + Summer and Autumn + Winter, respectively; P<0.05), and between %GCC and light interception (R2=0.83; P<0.05). For winter forage crops, there was a linear relationship between biomass and %GCC (R2=0.81; P<0.05), and a linear relationship between %GCC and light interception (R2=83; P<0.05). NDVI data obtained using the GreenSeekerÂ® crop sensing system was linearly related to %GCC data from CanopeoÂ® in both experiments (R2=0.84 in E1 and R2=0.93 in E2; P<0.05). The CanopeoÂ® app proved to be a fast and reliable method to estimate biomass accumulation and light interception of forage crops in this study and has potential wider applications. However, it does not distinguish between crops and weeds.
Maximising the subterranean clover content on a summer-dry Wairarapa hill-country farm through grazing management
Authors: Olykan Sonya T. , Lucas Richard J. , Nicholson Dan J. , Doscher Crile , Moot Derrick J.
Published: November 2019

Tokaroa Farm is a 608-ha sheep and beef farm, in the Wairarapa. Paddock slopes range from flat to steep (>25Â°) with a predominance of gentler north facing slopes and steeper south facing slopes. Annual rainfall is 810 mm and average summer dry is three months. Resident subterranean (sub) clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) populations were identified on an uncultivatable north-west facing hill slope in 2015, and a management plan devised to increase its contribution to pastures. Exclosure plots showed that an eight-week spell in spring 2016 increased resident sub clover groundcover from 13 to 54%, while in the lightly grazed paddock control sub clover increased from 10 to 28%. There was a positive linear relationship (R2=0.51) between the total number of established sub clover seedlings on 30 March 2017 and the previous spring sub clover groundcover (%) on 25 November 2016. In October 2017, the effect of the spring 2016 exclosure treatments was still evident with 57% sub clover groundcover in the eight-week spelled areas compared with 37% in the control despite all the exclosures being grazed in 2017.Sub clover management strategies were developed, using slope and aspect, and applied to a GIS map of Tokaroa Farm. This suggested that 53% of the farm could have sub clover overdrilled into it and 29% could have the resident sub clover population actively managed and/or oversown with sub clover seed.
Relationships between sheep liveweight production and dry matter yield for lucerne-based pastures in spring
Authors: Mills Annamaria , Smith Malcolm C. , Moot Derrick J.
Published: November 2019

A five-year dryland grazing experiment explored the relationship between sheep liveweight (LWt) production and dry matter (DM) yield of lucerne-based pastures in spring. In 2011, a randomised complete block experiment with a lucerne monoculture, a lucerne/brome mix and a lucerne/cocksfoot mix were established at Ashley Dene, Canterbury and replicated six times. Pastures were managed under dryland conditions. Ewes with twin lambs at foot grazed in spring and LWt production, DM yield and botanical composition were quantified.Regression analysis showed total DM feed on offer accounted for only 11% of the observed variation in spring LWt production. Subsequent analysis of the botanical composition of the three pastures showed total feed on offer in spring was unaffected by pasture treatment in four out of five years. However, yield of the lucerne component on offer was 77â€“230% greater in the monoculture than the mixes in Years 3â€“5. Brome yields declined from Year 3 and did not recover. By Year 5, weeds accounted for 41% of the feed on offer in spring in the lucerne/brome mix. Net spring ewe + lamb liveweight production increased at a rate equivalent to 246 kg LWt +71 kg LWt per tonne of lucerne DM on offer (R2 = 0.83). There was no effect of pasture type. Where possible lucerne should be established as a monoculture to maximise liveweight gain. A runout stand was overdrilled with a companion grass to extend the productive stand life. The loss of lucerne over time indicated renewal should be initiated within 2â€“3 years of oversowing to ensure LWt production is not compromised.
Establishment of plantain into existing pastures
Authors: Bryant Racheal H. , Dodd Mike B. , Moorhead Allister J.E. , Edwards Paul , Pinxterhuis Ina J.B.
Published: November 2019

In recent years plantain (Plantago lanceolata) has emerged as a potential forage for reducing nitrogen losses from dairy farm systems. However, achieving sufficient proportions of plantain in pastures to help meet target reductions in nitrate leaching presents on-farm challenges. To investigate sowing methods for establishing plantain into existing pasture to achieve high plantain populations, direct drilling was compared with broadcasting before and after grazing. Additionally, pre-graze mowing versus grazing only, and early versus late first defoliation after sowing were investigated to assess their effect on reducing competition from existing pasture. Botanical composition was determined in a small-plot study at Lincoln following summer sowing under irrigation, and from commercial dairy farms in Canterbury (irrigated) and Waikato (not irrigated). Generally, direct drilling was more effective than broadcast sowing for establishing plantain. The method of defoliation after sowing (pre-graze mowing or grazing) was not as important as timing of early defoliation in the resulting plantain populations. Early grazing, while seedlings were small enough to avoid defoliation, improved plantain establishment likely by reducing competition from the pre-existing pasture.
Evaluating the benefits of mixed plantain/chicory/clover pastures in a Hawkeâ€™s Bay sheep breeding and finishing farm
Authors: Spall Jim , Ogle Graeme I. , Muir Paul D.
Published: November 2019

Farming in the inland Hawkeâ€™s Bay, New Zealand with traditional pasture is limited by pasture quality in summer and early autumn. Low lamb growth rates in spring/summer pushes lamb finishing into the late summer and early autumn when feed demand competes with sheep mating and compromises pasture cover entering winter. We discuss our process for investigating and adopting high legume herb-based pastures that thrive within the constraints of our soils. This process involved learning from other farms and trials, small-scale on-farm trials and farm-system modelling. We gain considerable confidence from observing plantain, chicory and clover pastures within a learning group run by Massey University. Our on-farm trial measured by On-Farm Research showed favourable forage production (+20% greater than ryegrass-clover pastures for spring, autumn and winter) and longevity (4â€“6 grazing seasons). From this we modelled our farm using Farmax software. Farmax calculated an historically poor performance in February, March and April from ewes (-65, -45, -15 g/day respectively) and lambs (55, 0, 35 g/day respectively). Based on six key assumptions, we have calculated the profitability of herb-based pastures. These are compared with the performance we are currently achieving on herb-based pastures. For each value we are achieving better than assumed, i.e. ewe weaning weight 64.0 versus 62 kg, lamb weaning weight 33.0 versus 31.3 kg, ewe lamb growth rate 132 versus 100 g/day, male lamb growth rate 253 versus 235 grams/day and ewe hogget scanning percentage 144 versus 130.
Farming in Hawkeâ€™s Bay
Authors: Eyles Garth O.
Published: November 2019

Hawkeâ€™s Bayâ€™s diverse physical environments have enabled a wide range of farming enterprises to prosper. This paper provides a summary of the physical environments and the major farming industries in the region. It identifies changes since the last Grasslands Conference held in the area in 1999 and some of the issues that will need addressing in the future as climate changes.
Metaphor in communication: the distribution of potentially deliberate metaphor across register and word class
Authors: Reijnierse W. Gudrun , Burgers Christian , Krennmayr Tina , Steen Gerard J.
Published: November 2019

There is renewed interest in the special role that metaphor can have in its communicative status as metaphor between language users. This paper investigates the occurrence of such deliberate metaphors in comparison with non-deliberate metaphors. To this end, a corpus of 24,762 metaphors was analysed for the presence of potentially deliberate (versus non-deliberate) metaphor use across registers and word classes. Results show that 4.36 percent of metaphors in the corpus are identified as potentially deliberate metaphors. News and fiction contain significantly more potentially deliberate metaphors, while academic texts and conversations exhibit significantly fewer potentially deliberate metaphors than expected. Moreover, nouns and adjectives are used relatively more frequently as potentially deliberate metaphors, while adverbs, verbs and prepositions are used relatively less frequently as potentially deliberate metaphors. These results can be explained by referring to the overall communicative properties of the registers concerned, as well as to the role of the different word classes in those registers.
ON PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS’S RELATIONS IN FRACTAL MEDIUM
Authors: Filatov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

Features of influence of fractal characteristics of the environment on interrelation of petrophysical parameters in heterogeneous fluid-saturated medium on the example of the collection of core samples from the productive horizons of the Devonian and of the Carboniferous are considered. It is shown that the typical characteristics of fractal mediums, connecting physical characteristics with the impedance can be used at the prediction of petrophysical parameters at the lack of information.
APPLICATION OF FIELD ANALYTICAL CONTINUATION AT THE INTERPRETATION OF MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA
Authors: Plotkin Valery
Published: November 2019

Using numerical experiments, possibilities of application of the field analytical continuation at interpretation of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) data are considered.
Ilgın (Konya) Yerleşim Alanı Zeminlerinin Taşıma Gücü Özellikleri
Authors: Nalbantçılar M. Tahir Nalbantçılar , Beyaz Turgay , Özlen Nagihan
Published: November 2019

Ilgın (Konya) yerleşim alanında temel kayalar üzerine uyumsuzlukla gelmiş kohezyonlu ve kohezyonsuz özellikli zeminler bulunmaktadır. 1. Derece deprem bölgesinde bulunan Ilgın için depremsellik en önemli tehditlerdendir. Bu çalışmada zeminin taşıma gücünü belirlemek için örnekleme amacıyla, farklı noktalarda 4 adet sondaj kuyusu ve 7 adet araştırma çukuru açılmıştır. Alınan UD numuneleri üzerinde deneyler yapılmıştır. Buna göre zeminlerin çakıllı siltli kum, kumlu siltli kil, siltli kum, siltli killi kum, killi silt ve siltli kil’den oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Yine bu zeminlerin kesme dayanımı, kohezyonu, içsel sürtünme açısı ile taşıma gücü değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen değerlere bağlı olarak yapıların planlanması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, olası deprem hasarlarını en aza indirgeyecek şekilde mevcut yapıların statik durumlarında iyileştirmelerin yapılması gerekmektedir.
Evaluation of the Polymerization Depth of Bulk Fill Resin Composites Polymerized by Different Procedures: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: ÖZYURT Esra , KURT Aysegul , YILDIRIM Handan
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the depth of cure (DOC) of the bulk fill composite samples prepared in different thicknesses with two different modes of light curing device with Vickers hardness tester.Methods: Five different bulk-fill composite materials were used in the present study. 20 sample of 2 mm and 20 sample of 4 mm thick samples were prepared, 10 samples from each group were polymerized for 20 seconds with the standard mode (Mode 1) of the light curing device and 10 samples polymerized with soft-start mode (Mode 2) for 25 seconds (n=10). Hardness measurements were made from the upper and lower surfaces of each sample and the hardness ratio was calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparisons (p = 0.05).Results: The hardness ratios of all composites were determined to be over 80%, which is clinically acceptable. There was a statistically significant difference between the DOC levels according to the composites (p <0.05). There was a statistically significant difference according to the thickness (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference according to polymerization procedures (p >0.05).Conclusions: The surface hardness ratios of all groups were determined to be over 80%, which is clinically acceptable. The polymerization with soft start technique may not different from the standard-mode for polymerization depth.
How Can Vaginal Birth Management Skills Gained Much Better?
Authors: DEMİRGÖZ BAL Meltem , BAYRI BINGOL Fadime , KARAKOC Ayse , ASLAN Begum
Published: November 2019

Objective: In Turkey, midwives are given passive roles by claiming that the midwives are insufficient in the management of birth. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of clinical practice and simulation on normal birth management of midwifery students.Methods: The study was performed as a cross-sectional design at the Marmara University in Istanbul, Turkey, with 64 midwifery students. The data were collected via 2 questionnaires, the first for sociodemographic characteristics, the second for normal labor management skills.Results: The normal birth management skills of the students in the simulation group were significantly higher than those in the clinical group (P<0.05). The simulation group emphasized that a restricted case is the most significant disadvantage (87.5%). The clinical group students underlined that one-to–one contact with pregnant women is the most significant advantage (65.6%).Conclusion: It was seen that it is very advantageous to gain normal birth management skills firstly in simulation and then reinforce these skills in clinical practice in midwifery education. Thus, the disadvantages of both methods may be overcome.
Cultural transformations of love and sex in the digital age
Authors: Bankov Kristian
Published: November 2019

This second volume of our journal addresses an uneasy topic. It is uneasy exactly because it is too easy to speak about love and sex and yet say nothing. It is uneasy because there has not been tremendous academic interest in this topic within the field of humanities and social sciences, and contributions to the field have thus been sporadic and unsystematic. Moreover, it is uneasy because, compared to other aspects of our everyday life, love and sex concern our being in a way that it is difficult to observe in a neutral or scientific way. However, we are here: organizing a small conference on the consequences for love and sex upon the advent of the internet and digital technologies. We could not resist engaging this topic because our program as a research center concerns the cultural changes of the digital age, and we can hardly think of another sphere of life more affected by the development of digital communications technologies.
UX & FOMO. Looking for love or looking for options?
Authors: Vuzharov Mihail
Published: November 2019

This paper takes a look at the evolution of the Web and the digital products and services that were forged within it. It attempts to trace the progress of the internet’s design, to outline its current status, and to forecast its potential development. It also discusses the ability of design to influence culture to an extent that exceeds its explicit and implicit objectives.
Praesentia Numinis Part 3 : Idols in Context (of Use)
Authors: Ando Clifford
Published: November 2019

Cet article est le dernier d’une série consacrée au problème des images dans la religion romaine antique, et les différents contextes polémiques et académiques au sein desquels ce problème a été débattu. Ici, il s’agit de mettre en regard la documentation historique et les considérations archéologiques que nous offrent la recherche actuelle. Nous souhaitons en particulier remettre en question l’idée courante selon laquelle les images étaient une composante essentielle du culte, et aussi l’idée selon laquelle les images étaient destinées à un public humain. Une étude des archives historiques relatives aux pratiques rituelles et des lois visant à réglementer les pratiques rituelles, nous permet d’affirmer que, dans la pratique, aucun culte n’était adressé à des images ou accompli dans l’immédiate proximité d’une image, et surtout que les images n’étaient en aucun cas nécessaires au déroulement des rituels. L’usage d’images apparaît fréquemment dans les représentations du culte, mais le présent article insiste sur la nécessité de distinguer entre l’épistémologie partagée du rituel d’une part et celle de ses représentations figurées de l’autre. Les participants d’un rituel n’avaient en aucun cas besoin de se voir rappeler qui ils vénéraient.
Force et apories d’une théorie : l’anthropologie générale de René Girard / The Strengths and Aporia of a Theory: René Girard’s General Anthropology
Authors: Lemardelé Christophe
Published: November 2019

Cet article se propose de jeter un regard critique et réflexif sur la théorie générale de René Girard. Les critiques, positives ou négatives, se sont généralement focalisées sur une partie de sa démonstration seulement, ne prenant pas en compte sa théorie dans son intégralité. En effet, on oublie souvent que l’auteur ne traite pas seulement du sacrifice religieux, mais que sa théorie repose aussi sur l’idée d’un «désir mimétique » . D’après Girard, cette forme de désir, qui est le désir, crée les conditions pour que la violence aboutisse au meurtre rituel, puis au sacrifice. Toutefois cet aspect de la théorie, le «désir mimétique » que l’auteur systématise à partir de romans du XIXe siècle au point d’en faire un concept opérateur dans le champ de l’anthropologie, n’est pas entièrement convaincant puisqu’il repose sur une conception erronée de ce qu’est un «désir » . Au final, il semble que Girard, en tant que croyant et pratiquant catholique, ne se révèle pas tant dans l’aspect sacrificiel de la théorie que dans ce qui touche au désir. Il est nécessaire encore de souligner que tout phénomène de bouc émissaire résulte bien plus de la peur que d’un quelconque désir.
Un loup-garou de Livonie : le drame de la résistance religieuse / A Werewolf from Livonia: the Drama of Religious Resistance
Authors: Lincoln Bruce
Published: November 2019

Dans cet article tiré de la conférence qu’il a présentée le 8 juin 2015 dans les murs de l’Université de Genève à l’invitation de la Société d’Histoire des Religions de Genève, l’historien des religions Bruce Lincoln revient sur le dossier du procès du Vieux Thiess, un livonien du XVIIe siècle accusé de lycanthropie diabolique. Ce faisant, le but de Lincoln est double puisqu’il s’agit à la fois de proposer une analyse détaillée du procès, des représentations religieuses qu’il met en scène et de son contexte sociopolitique, et de s’élever contre les savants qui ont extrait ce dossier de son environnement pour documenter une religion préchrétienne d’extension eurasienne. La lecture détaillée des sources permet ainsi à Lincoln de montrer que loin de faire état d’une religion préexistante cohérente, les déclarations de l’accusé s’inscrivent dans un conflit social entre une élite allemande cherchant à justifier son statut hégémonique et la fraction dominée de la société livonienne, les paysans baltes. La description des loups-garous que donne le Vieux Thiess représente une tentative de subversion des définitions de l’élite, reconfigurant les loups-garous, et donc lui-même, comme des êtres associés non pas au Diable mais au bon Dieu, et dont l’oeuvre consiste à récupérer la prospérité volée par les agents du premier, des agents qui se confondent avec l’élite allemande confisquant les fruits du travail des paysans baltes.
Judenhut et Zauberhut : la prolifération d’un signe juif / Judenhut and Zauberhut: The Proliferation of a Jewish Sign
Authors: Lubrich Naomi
Published: November 2019

À partir du XIIe siècle, les Juifs furent dépeints portant des chapeaux pointus dans les régions germanophones du Saint-Empire, mais aussi dans certaines régions d’Italie, en France et en Angleterre. Le chapeau pointu, originellement un élégant couvre-chef venu d’Orient, devint un signe distinctif des Juifs après que le port de ce chapeau leur fut légalement imposé, vers 1250. À partir des textes légaux de langue allemande, et des discussions internes au judaïsme relatives au port du chapeau, cet article propose de montrer 1) comment différents couvre-chefs firent leur apparition au Moyen Âge parmi les communautés juives et acquirent une signification religieuse qu’ils n’avaient pas auparavant et 2) comment le chapeau devint, de manière générale, le symbole d’autres parias, criminels, sorciers et sorcières. Considérant la longue histoire, depuis l’Antiquité, des récits mettant en scène un savoir magique juif, il n’est sans doute pas étonnant de voir le chapeau pointu passer des Juifs aux sorciers. Ce qui est toutefois curieux, c’est que si les images du Judenhut et du magicien juif ont progressivement disparu de notre imaginaire, le «chapeau magique » , lui, demeure un élément central de l’iconographique fantastique contemporaine.
Automatisme : les mécanismes de la religion en France et au Brésil / Automata: The Mechanisms of Religion in France and Brazil
Authors: Johnson Paul Christopher
Published: November 2019

Cet article porte sur l’attrait « religieux » de l’automatisme. À la fin du XIXe siècle, le langage, les idées et figures de l’ «automatisme » (automatique, automate, automatisme) proliférèrent. Cet ensemble réunissait différents domaines jusqu’alors séparés, de la personnnalité individuelle à la mécanique industrielle, et de la psychiatrie aux théories sur la religion et sa pratique. Il contribua à produire une distinction fondamentale entre des acteurs que l’on considère «automatiques » et ceux qui, au contraire, seraient «libres » : voyageurs cosmopolites vs. automates supposés, dépourvus de volonté. En ce sens, le monde «automatique » accoucha de deux «frères jumeaux » : l’un capable de se déplacer «autour du monde » à travers des réseaux toujours plus rapides de transports mécaniques ; l’autre incarnant la fixité, la répétition mécanique irréfléchie de corps dénués d’intentions. La comparaison des multiples versions de l’ «automate-humain » laissait toutefois entrevoir que, combien même toutes ces figures semblaient caractérisées par une même absence d’agentivité, elles pouvaient néanmoins sembler pourvues d’une étrange humanité, ou quasihumanité. Ces presques-humains, corps sans volonté ou représentés comme tels, pouvaient aussi devenir des objets de dévotion. Les corps automatiques, ou les humains imaginés à l’aune de l’automate, pouvaient en effet susciter plus que de la pitié et du mépris, et devenir attrayants, voire, être adorés.
« L’Homme est la mesure de toute chose… ». À propos de la fabrication des religions orientales par l’histoire des religions en Europe / “Man is the Measure of All Things…”: On The Fabrication of Oriental Religions by the European History of Religions
Authors: McCutcheon Russell T.
Published: November 2019

Issu d’une conférence sur l’importance, dans l’histoire des religions en Europe, des «religions orientales » – une catégorie ambiguë mais pourvue d’un fort potentiel réflexif –, cet article applique une critique désormais bien connue de cette catégorie tout en prenant au sérieux les guillemets dont on l’entoure. Bien que les critiques quant à la nature intéressée du processus de formation des catégories sont aujourd’hui familières, les chercheurs en histoire des religions semblent souvent croire qu’il leur suffit, pour adhérer à ces critiques, d’opérer un simple changement de nom dans la manière de désigner ce qui serait néanmoins un objet stable. Le présent article invite donc ceux qui soutiennent cette perspective à réaliser à quel point procéder à un simple changement de nom a pour effet de naturaliser plutôt que d’historiciser les intérêts de ceux qui ont identifié, et donc constitué le monde dont nous avons aujourd’hui hérité.
Modeling of polygraphic web-service using colored Petri nets
Authors: Hozhyi Viktor Oleksandrovych
Published: November 2019

The use of Petri Networks as a tool for graphical and mathematical modeling of complex systems and processes has recently been widespread. Visual representation techniques and simulations, such as Petri colored networks, are effective at the development stage of complex systems, since they allow formally to describe and model the system at different levels of abstraction and investigate them dynamically. An example of a dynamic system is web-services. Web services and their components can interact with different applications that meet the standards of web services. As a rule, one service does not meet the needs of users, and services are becoming more and more complex. In fact, a modern web service is created by combining different web services and their components to create a component service that offers a set of new functional services. When combining and sharing Web services the most critical is the interaction of Web services and their components among themselves, which requires a detailed study of the functioning of the processes and modeling their behavior to improve their efficiency.Polygraphic web-service is a complex program system that organizes the provision of printing services. It works with the client through the Internet and provides an opportunity to find the necessary service at the printing centers for the best possible means, to make an order, to use various services, to pay for services, to choose a means of payment and delivery of printed products. The complex structure of the web-service requires the study and modeling of the interaction of its components to ensure the effectiveness of the operation.To model the composite web service system, it is necessary to identify the main and auxiliary subsystems by means of structural analysis. The block diagram of a web-service is presented in fig. 1. As a structural analysis tool, we used a data flow diagram (DFD) in the notation of a similar Heine-Sarson notation. A top-level contextual chart contains a set of subsystems connected by data streams.A model of a polygraphic web-service in the form of Petri's network in a hierarchical form was developed and presented for the purpose of analysis of separate networks of the second level. This enables to analyze all parts of the network separately and use the results to formulate conclusions about the correctness of the construction of the entire network. In the presence of links between networks of the second level, it is necessary to add additional criteria for the analysis of networks, which are connected with the addition of the main network of cities and transitions between networks of the second level, the number of which depends on the number of possible states of interaction between networks of the second level.
An аutomatic mode control of the jet mill loading
Authors: Muzyka Lev Volodymyrovych
Published: November 2019

A thin jet grinding is quite an energy-consuming process. Its production depends on the fullness of the mill chamber with material. Therefore, it is extremely important to control the loading of the jets with material and to reload the necessary portion of material in time.Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of control the jet grinding process based on acoustic monitoring. The interrelation of technological, regime and acoustic parameters of the process has been established, an automated mill control system is being developed. For each required size of the ready product, its own grinding mode and classification and, accordingly, its range of acoustic signal characteristics are set to achieve maximum grinding productivity. This is the basis for controlling the jet mill operation according to the results of acoustic monitoring.The aim of the paper is to develop an automated control system for the loading bunker of the jet mill based on the analysis of the acoustic signals of the grinding zone.The study was conducted for different recording modes of acoustic monitoring signals and the grinding process of various bulk materials. To amplify the signal, an operational amplifier with a gain of 10 was used. To eliminate the measurement error, a sample of 100 values is taken. The used equipment has a limit time for the ADC polling for each program cycle. To estimate the error, an experimental study of signals was carried out. After processing all the data, the control signal is fed to the control unit of the solenoid, which is assembled on the basis of a field-effect transistor with an operating voltage of 60 V and a maximum current is up to 100 A. Then the control signal is transmitted to the opening or closing of the loading bunker gate.The numerical experiment improved the analyzing method of the acoustic signal of the grinding zone, reduced the error. A hardware base of the control system was created and a model of a controlled loading bunker was implemented. A mill loading control system has been developed through a controlled bunker based on the results of continuous acoustic monitoring of the grinding process.
SELECTION OF STRATEGY OF CONTROL OF GOOD STATE OF TECHNICAL SYSTEM WITH DUPLICATION OF CHANNELS AND VERIFICATION OF THEIR GOOD STATE ON THE BASIS OF GIVEN VALUE OF EFFICIENCY
Authors: Chumakov Lev Dmytrovych
Published: November 2019

Modern technical systems contain, as a rule, a large amount of elements that may fail in the process of its operation.To ensure high efficiency of the use of a technical system throughout the assigned lifetime, it is necessary to carry out its maintenance in order to identify possible failures and restore the up state of the system.Discusses the issues of determining the duration of the interval between checks of the serviceable state of a technical system with duplication of channels and monitoring the health of each channel according to the criterion of a set value of availability function.The possibility of approximate estimation, as well as the effect of the degree of approximation of the objective function on the efficiency of the use of the technical system, is investigated.Studies have been carried out to determine the interval between checks of the technical system serviceability with duplication from the condition of meeting the requirements for its effectiveness.It is shown that this approach can significantly reduce the number of checks compared with the optimal strategy and provide an economic effect.
Cross-cultural features of coping behaviour of men and women
Authors: Afanas'yeva Yuliya A.
Published: November 2019

The article reveals cross-cultural features of coping behaviour. The results of the study of socio-psychological characteristics of coping behaviour in men and women, depending on their ethnicity. A comparative analysis of socio-psychological differences in coping behaviour was carried out. The study sample consisted of 160 people aged 25 to 55 years, the average age of 33.5 living in the autonomy of North Ossetia – Alania, Russia. Significant differences in preferred coping strategies between men and women are described. The results may be used as a starting point in the organisation of socio-psychological services in multicultural regions, as well as in the development of training programmes on stress psychology, personality psychology, ethnic psychology, age psychology and developmental psychology.
Specifics of organising supplementary education in rural areas
Authors: Bayborodova Lyudmila V. , Lushnikova Tat'yana V.
Published: November 2019

The article presents the factors that help to improve the accessibility and quality of supplementary education of rural schoolchildren, defines the objectives of supplementary education and describes the pedagogic means of solving the most topical problems. Special attention is paid to the ways of satisfying individual interests and wants of children, to the analysis of the results of supplementary education of rural children, to the usage of the rural community resources and to the social partnership development. The article shows the social environment potential and social partnership resources in creating the supplementary education municipal network. The authors suggest the variants of the interaction of the school with other rural subjects, the content and forms of participation of the organisations and local people in children's supplementary education (CSE). The article emphasises the role of parents (legal representatives) in the CSE, proposes the ways of informing parents of supplementary education and their involvement in organising the CSE.
Socio-cultural and worldview aspects of helping professions specialists training
Authors: Veselova Yelena K. , Dvoretskaya Marianna Ya.
Published: November 2019

The article suggests that there are two different levels of skills and opportunities for professional interaction between a helping specialist and subjects of the educational process. The first level of skills involves ensuring safe interaction through the manifestation of tolerant attitudes and behaviour through the ethical regulation of activities within a professional role. The second level involves the emotional, personal inclusion of a specialist in professional interaction through the manifestation of special personal qualities (mercy, empathy, empathy), which provides a healing effect through deep personal interaction. Weanalyse Russian socio-cultural and ideological characteristics of help, based on mercy and empathy. European and Russian ideas about the content of the training of specialists in helping professions, going back to the peculiarities of the religious beliefs of three Christian denominations, which define the meaning of assistance both in the east and in the west, are compared. It is shown that the Russian experience of assistance focuses on the internal motives of help and sacrificial love, which provides a deep personal level of professional interaction. The conclusion is made about the need for a scientific study of traditional Russian experience in order to create programmes for developing future helpers with personal readiness education for effective professional interaction at the second level.
Methodological substantiation of the conditions for the use of textual discursive activity in foreign language training
Authors: Barabanova Yelena I.
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the features and conditions of foreign language learning on the basis of textual activity with the identification of the discursive nature of the text and its role in learning. The author compares different points of view and suggests methodological assumptions about the reorganisation of the traditional approach to the practice of teaching in the system offoreign language education. The author gives a methodological substantiation of the conditions for the development of textual activity and examines the use of discourse in the educational process using the example of folding – deployment of educational and scientific information, which made it possible to develop an info map of memory development, speech to reproduce the structure of the text and its effective learning.
Technique of teaching Russian at elementary school in classes with children for whom Russian is not the mother tongue
Authors: Skvortsova Marina A.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to issue of teaching Russian to children for whom it is not the mother tongue. Special attention is paid to directions of development of educational process of elementary school in connection with emergence of poly-cultural environment. Working methods, exercises, specific methods of interaction with pupils at lessons at elementary school in classes which include children forwhom Russian is not the mother tongue, are presented. Short description of difficulties and their reasons during the adaptation period for children for whom Russian is not the mother tongue, that influences formation of correct spelling skill, is presented in the article.