bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of data preprocessing techniques on composite classifier algorithms in cross-project defect prediction
Authors: Vescan Andreea , Găceanu Radu , Şerban Camelia
Published: June 2024

Success in software projects is now an important challenge. The main focus of the engineering community is to predict software defects based on the history of classes and other code elements. However, these software defect prediction techniques are effective only as long as there is enough data to train the prediction model. To mitigate this problem, cross-project defect prediction is used. The purpose of this research investigation is twofold: first, to replicate the experiments in the original paper proposal, and second, to investigate other settings regarding defect prediction with the aim of providing new insights and results regarding the best approach. In this study, three composite algorithms, namely AvgVoting, MaxVoting and Bagging are used. These algorithms integrate multiple machine classifiers to improve cross-project defect prediction. The experiments use pre-processed methods (normalization and standardization) and also feature selection. The results of the replicated experiments confirm the original findings when using raw data for all three methods. When normalization is applied, better results than in the original paper are obtained. Even better results are obtained when feature selection is used. In the original paper, the MaxVoting approach shows the best performance in terms of the F-measure, and BaggingJ48 shows the best performance in terms of cost-effectiveness. The same results in terms of F-measure were obtained in the current experiments: best MaxVoting, followed by AvgVoting and then by BaggingJ48. Our results emphasize the previously obtained outcome; the original study is confirmed when using raw data. Moreover, we obtained better results when using preprocessing and feature selection.
Naturalization of Prunus laurocerasus in a forest in Germany
Authors: Abrahamczyk Stefan , Otto Johanna , Böhnert Tim , Weigend Maximilian
Published: June 2024

The cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) is a very popular garden plant and has been widely reported as a garden escape in Central Europe. However, it is still considered an unestablished neophyte in Germany. Few critical data are available on local population sizes, life history or reproductive biology outside its natural range. We carried out a study with 24 transects of 500 m × 6 m in the Kottenforst near Bonn, western Germany to fill these knowledge gaps. Along these transects we recorded the plant number and plant sizes and analysed their age structure. We found Prunus laurocerasus along 19 of 24 transects with up to 63 individual per transect. The largest plants covered areas of up to 50 m2 and were up to 30 years old. However, most of the plants were less than 20 years old and established since 2000. Since we observed high fruit set and old plants surrounded by many seedlings we conclude that Prunus laurocerasus has to be considered as an established neophyte in our study area and has invasive potential.
Optical coherence tomography analysis of lesion characteristics and thrombus types in non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients
Authors: He Qing , Yu Haijia , Li Jingchao , Song Huihui , Cui Luqian , Ma Lingkun , Kang Yue , Ding Zihan , Chu Yingjie , Dong Shujuan
Published: June 2024

The precise features of lesions in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients with total occlusion (TO) of the infarct-related artery (IRA) are still unclear. This study employs optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate pathological features in NSTEMI patients with or without IRA TO and explores the relationship between thrombus types and IRA occlusive status. This was a single-center retrospective study. A total of 202 patients diagnosed with NSTEMI were divided into two groups: those with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 0 before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (referred to as the TO group, n = 100) and those TIMI flow grade 1–3 (referred to as the Non-TO group, n = 102). Baseline characteristics, coronary angiography findings, and OCT results were collected. Multivariate logistic analysis identified factors influencing TO in NSTEMI. The category of NSTEMI was further subdivided based on the type of electrocardiogram (ECG) into two subgroups: ST segment unoffset myocardial infarction (STUMI) and ST segment depression myocardial infarction (STDMI). This division allows for a more specific classification of NSTEMI cases. The TO group had a younger age, higher male representation, more smokers, lower hypertension and cerebrovascular disease incidence, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and higher creatine kinase myocardial band (CKMB) and creatine kinase (CK) peak levels. In the TO group, LCX served as the main IRA (52.0%), whereas in the Non-TO group, LAD was the predominant IRA (45.1%). Compared to the Non-TO group, OCT findings demonstrated that red thrombus/mixed thrombus was more common in the TO group, along with a lower occurrence of white thrombus (p < 0.001). The TO group exhibited a higher prevalence of STUMI (p = 0.001), whereas STDMI was more commonly observed in the Non-TO group (p = 0.001). NSTEMI presents as STUMI and STDMI distinct entities. Red thrombus/mixed thrombus in IRA often indicates occlusive lesions with STUMI on ECG. White thrombus suggests non-occlusive lesions with STDMI on ECG.
Development of a mobile 3D printer and comparative evaluation against traditional gantry systems
Authors: Alhijaily Abdullah , Alqarni Abdulrahman , Kilic Zekai Murat , Bartolo Paulo
Published: June 2024

Fixed robots have dominated the market of additive manufacturing (AM), despite presenting several limitations, such as the stationary nature of these robots and the limited workspace. Mobile robots solve these problems as they can move freely in the printing area without being rooted to the ground. This allows mobile robots to print large-scale structures and print in places that are unsafe for humans to reach and deploy fixed robots. However, mobile robots suffer from poor positional accuracy. In this paper, we present an accurate mobile robot for material extrusion AM and discuss in detail the design of the mobile 3D printer and its components. This work is the first to rigorously compare the quality, accuracy, and mechanical properties of parts printed by the mobile 3D printer against those printed by gantry systems. Results show that the parts produced by the proposed system are comparable to those of a gantry system in certain aspects such as the overall quality and shape fidelity. Additionally, the accuracy exceeded the state-of-the-art of mobile 3D printing achieving low ranges of less than 0.5 mm. Moreover, the proposed system outperforms other plastic 3D printing mobile robots in literature, excelling in both quality and accuracy.
State observer of multibody systems formulated using differential algebraic equations
Authors: Okada Taiki , Dong Shuonan , Kuzuno Ryo , Takahashi Yuya , Shizuno Yoshitaka , Hara Yushin , Otsuka Keisuke , Makihara Kanjuro
Published: June 2024

Multibody dynamics comprises methodologies for the design and analysis of mechanical systems, with Kalman filters being the principal state estimation methods. The Kalman filters are generally formulated for unconstrained systems, the dynamics of which are described by ordinary differential equations in state-space models. However, multibody systems are constrained systems, and the commonly used method to describe their dynamics involves using differential algebraic equations (DAEs) comprising differential and algebraic equations. The differential equations also include the Lagrange multipliers. Hence, incorporating multibody systems, described by DAEs into the scheme of Kalman filters, cannot be achieved straightforwardly, which facilitates different strategies being addressed. This study develops a novel method for converting DAEs into a state-space model. A transition model of the time derivatives of Lagrange multipliers and a Lagrange multiplier constraint vector are devised and used in the state and output equations, respectively. The continuous- and discrete-time extended Kalman filters (CEKF and DEKF) are constructed using the proposed state-space model, and state estimations are simulated on the benchmark planar four- and five-bar linkages. Further, a demonstration of system observability is conducted, and sensitivity to the initial state estimates is studied. These tests demonstrate that the proposed state-space model achieves observable systems and that both the CEKF and DEKF, constructed using the proposed state-space model, can estimate the states with a wide range of initial conditions.
Knowledge Distillation Based on Narrow-Deep Networks
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wang Zhiqiang , Li Jianxun
Published: June 2024

Deep neural networks perform better than shallow neural networks, but the former tends to be deeper or wider, introducing large numbers of parameters and computations. We know that networks that are too wide have a high risk of overfitting and networks that are too deep require a large amount of computation. This paper proposed a narrow-deep ResNet, increasing the depth of the network while avoiding other issues caused by making the network too wide, and used the strategy of knowledge distillation, where we set up a trained teacher model to train an unmodified, wide, and narrow-deep ResNet that allows students to learn the teacher’s output. To validate the effectiveness of this method, it is tested on Cifar-100 and Pascal VOC datasets. The method proposed in this paper allows a small model to have about the same accuracy rate as a large model, while dramatically shrinking the response time and computational effort.
Biomarkers and Target-Specific Small-Molecule Drugs in Alzheimer’s Diagnostic and Therapeutic Research: From Amyloidosis to Tauopathy
Authors: Sheng Li , Bhalla Rajiv
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of human dementia and is responsible for over 60% of diagnosed dementia cases worldwide. Abnormal deposition of β-amyloid and the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles have been recognised as the two pathological hallmarks targeted by AD diagnostic imaging as well as therapeutics. With the progression of pathological studies, the two hallmarks and their related pathways have remained the focus of researchers who seek for AD diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the past decades. In this work, we reviewed the development of the AD biomarkers and their corresponding target-specific small molecule drugs for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications, underlining their success, failure, and future possibilities.
S100A11 is involved in the progression of colorectal cancer through the desmosome-catenin-TCF signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Jin , Murata Hitoshi , Tomonobu Nahoko , Mizuta Naoko , Yamakawa Atsuko , Yamamoto Ken-ichi , Kinoshita Rie , Sakaguchi Masakiyo
Published: June 2024

Compiling evidence has indicated that S100A11 expression at high levels is closely associated with various cancer species. Consistent with the results reported elsewhere, we have also revealed that S100A11 is highly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, and pancreatic cancers and plays a crucial role in cancer progression when secreted into extracellular fluid. Those studies are all focused on the extracellular role of S100A11. However, most of S100A11 is still present within cancer cells, although the intracellular role of S100A11 in cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate S100A11 functions within cancer cells, primarily focusing on colorectal cancer cells, whose S100A11 is abundantly present in cells and still poorly studied cancer for the protein. Our efforts revealed that overexpression of S100A11 promotes proliferation and migration, and downregulation inversely dampens those cancer behaviors. To clarify how intracellular S100A11 aids cancer cell activation, we tried to identify S100A11 binding proteins, resulting in novel binding partners in the inner membrane, many of which are desmosome proteins. Our molecular approach defined that S100A11 regulates the expression level of DSG1, a component protein of desmosome, by which S100A11 activates the TCF pathway via promoting nuclear translocation of γ-catenin from the desmosome. The identified new pathway greatly helps to comprehend S100A11’s nature in colorectal cancers and others.
Zu den Herausforderungen der Bestimmung des Notwendigen
Authors: Kessl Fabian
Published: June 2024

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass der exakte Bedarf an sozialpädagogischen und sozialarbeiterischen Angeboten im Allgemeinen angesichts des konstitutiven Personenbezugs immer unbestimmt bleiben muss. Die Einsicht in diesen Sachverhalt sollte aber nicht davon abhalten, die mögliche systematische Bedarfserhebung zu realisieren – allerdings immer parallel und in Korrespondenz zur Analyse der Praxis fallbezogener Bedarfsfeststellung wie der selbstkritischen Reflexion im Kontext gesellschaftlicher Bedarfskonstruktion.
Mindfulness, Buddhist Modernity and Cultural Psychology
Authors: Christensen Bo Allesøe
Published: June 2024

I will in this article use Fircks as a point of departure for trying to understand the complexities involved in the use of the concept of mindfulness. As will be seen, mindfulness can be traced to a decoupling from a religious background and subsequent appropriation within several Western contexts. This will then be used for a discussion of how to deal with the historicity of the phenomena studied within cultural psychology. Here two reminders will be suggested, namely understanding phenomena through a context-sensibility and at the same time being aware of any disciplinary parochialism.
Cellular and humoral immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection is associated with the memory phenotype of T- and B-lymphocytes in adult allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Konuma Takaaki , Hamatani-Asakura Megumi , Nagai Etsuko , Adachi Eisuke , Kato Seiko , Isobe Masamichi , Monna-Oiwa Maki , Takahashi Satoshi , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Nannya Yasuhito
Published: June 2024

We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate cellular and humoral immunogenicity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination or infection and examine how lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood correlate with cellular and humoral immunogenicity in adult allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. The median period from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection to sample collection was 110.5 days (range, 6–345 days). The median SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibody level was 1761 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml (range, 0 to > 11,360 BAU/ml). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay of T cells stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens showed that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, and IFN-γ + IL-2-producing T cells were present in 68.9%, 62.0%, and 56.8% of patients, respectively. The antibody level was significantly correlated with frequency of IL-2-producing T cells (P = 0.001) and IFN-γ + IL-2-producing T cells (P = 0.006) but not IFN-γ-producing T cells (P = 0.970). Absolute counts of CD8+ and CD4+ central memory T cells were higher in both IL-2- and IFN-γ + IL-2-producing cellular responders compared with non-responders. These data suggest that cellular and humoral immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection is associated with the memory phenotype of T cells and B cells in adult allogeneic HCT recipients.
Active flutter suppression for light sport aircraft by a control surface split
Authors: Kratochvíl Aleš , Valenta Jakub
Published: June 2024

A new method of active flutter suppression is present in the paper and aims at the Light Sport Aircraft category, where it has never been used, designed, or even considered. The novelty of the method lies in splitting the control surface into a part controlled by a pilot with purely mechanical control and into a part controlled by a servo-actuator with a controller. The control law of the actuator is designed to follow the pilot-controlled part of the control surfaces and damp unstable oscillations if they occur. The controller design for flutter suppression is focused on achieving simple solutions. The request for simplicity is important for easy acquisition of airworthiness during a certification process and easy implementation by producers. The contribution of this paper also lies in the analysis of flutter suppression capability based on the varying active control surface span. The results show that it is not necessary to use the entire area of a control surface for active flutter suppression.

A mathematical model based on a real aircraft is developed and verified for the simulation of active flutter suppression. In addition, control law design and simulations of the dynamic response are performed. The robustness of the control law and aircraft controllability in the case of active control surface malfunction is investigated.
Adhesive capsulitis: the importance of early diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Vita Fabio , Pederiva Davide , Tedeschi Roberto , Spinnato Paolo , Origlio Flavio , Faldini Cesare , Miceli Marco , Stella Salvatore Massimo , Galletti Stefano , Cavallo Marco , Pilla Federico , Donati Danilo
Published: June 2024

Background

Adhesive capsulitis (AC), more commonly known as "frozen shoulder”, is a painful shoulder condition. The illness progresses through three phases: freezing, frozen and thawing. A gold standard treatment for adhesive capsulitis is not defined. The goal of any treatment is to reduce pain and restore shoulder movement.

Objective

Objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of gleno-humeral hydrodistension associated with physical therapy in patients with diagnosed adhesive capsulitis comparing the outcomes in term of pain and range of motion in patients with a phase 1 and a phase 2 disease.

Method

Between January 2022 and April 2023, We evaluated 87 patients with adhesive capsulitis, 47 were excluded for others concomitant pathologies, finally 40 patients were enrolled for the study, of whom 23 had capsulitis in stage 1 and 17 in stage 2. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at 2, 4 and 6 months after infiltration recording range of motion in all planes, pain and functionality scores.

Results

A significant improvement was recorded in shoulder range of motion in all planes with the except of extension in both groups. Phase 2 patients were able to regain shoulder range of motion in all planes except internal rotation which was recovered with more difficulty. Pain and functionality scores improved significantly between baseline and follow-up visits.

Conclusion

Ultrasound-assisted hydrodistention of the glenohumeral joint combined with targeted exercise has been successful in improving pain relief, reducing disability, and increasing range of motion in subjects with stage 1 and 2 adhesive capsulitis, especially if diagnosed before phase 2 (when the range of motion is completely reduced).
Sleep and Emotional Memory: A Review of Current Findings and Application to a Clinical Population
Authors: Rawson G. , Jackson M. L.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review

The effect of sleep on the encoding and consolidation of emotional memory has been explored in multiple studies, however results are inconsistent. The purpose of this review is to synthesise current literature outlining the association between emotional memory and sleep, and to apply existing knowledge to a sleep disordered population.

Recent findings

A sleep opportunity following encoding enhances the consolidation of emotional memories, however investigations into the contributing mechanisms have returned mixed results. The impact of sleep prior to encoding of emotional stimuli is less well known, however current studies suggest a bias towards negative over neutral and positive stimuli if sleep deprivation occurs prior to learning. Hormones such as cortisol and norepinephrine appear to play a key role in the enhancing effect seen for emotional memories after sleep. Neural activity during slow wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep may have a distinct but complementary role in this effect. Finally, populations with OSA may be at increased risk of mood disorder and poor emotional memory consolidation.

Further studies should consider the complimentary processes of slow wave and REM sleep in the consolidation of emotional memory. Long term effects of untreated OSA on emotional memory also require further investigation.
Experimental and Numerical Characterization of Granular Material Until Shock Loading
Authors: Ruiz-Ripoll M. L. , Riedel W. , Stocchi A. , Bagusat F. , Schmitt D. , Sauer M. , Roller C. , Stolz A.
Published: June 2024

The present work describes the characterization of two different granular materials, a fine cohesive and a coarse cohesionless soil, with regard to their behavior under high-rate loading. The conditions range from quasi-static (

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EOS and, partly extending from there, a model with piecewise linear dependencies for both volumetric compaction and strength. The reproduction quality of both material models is quantitatively assessed using Finite Element simulations of the dynamic tests and discussed. They can potentially serve in future numerical analyses of complex transient dynamic events, such as explosively-driven ground shock or high-velocity penetration into the soil.
Solving the vehicle routing problem via quantum support vector machines
Authors: Mohanty Nishikanta , Behera Bikash K. , Ferrie Christopher
Published: June 2024

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is an example of a combinatorial optimization problem that has attracted academic attention due to its potential use in various contexts. VRP aims to arrange vehicle deliveries to several sites in the most efficient and economical manner possible. Quantum machine learning offers a new way to obtain solutions by harnessing the natural speedups of quantum effects, although many solutions and methodologies are modified using classical tools to provide excellent approximations of the VRP. In this paper, we employ 6 and 12 qubit circuits, respectively, to build and evaluate a hybrid quantum machine learning approach for solving VRP of 3- and 4-city scenarios. The approach employs quantum support vector machines (QSVMs) trained using a variational quantum eigensolver on a static or dynamic ansatz. Different encoding strategies are used in the experiment to transform the VRP formulation into a QSVM and solve it. Multiple optimizers from the IBM Qiskit framework are also evaluated and compared
Advancements in nanoparticles for skin care: a comprehensive review of properties, applications, and future perspectives
Authors: Chakraborty Shrestha Sherry , Panja Avirup , Dutta Shubhrajyoti , Patra Prasun
Published: June 2024

Nanoparticles are extremely small particles with dimensions in the range of one to hundred nanometers and consist of varied physicochemical properties contrasted to their bulk counterparts. Nanoparticles display properties of high biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and high stability thereby causing its appreciation in various spheres, especially in nano pharmaceuticals and nano cosmeceuticals. The skin is the largest organ of the human body and the first line of defense. The plethora of functions carried out by the skin requires it to be protected against any damage. A variety of skin problems such as dryness, aging, inflammation, and low elasticity may arise due to exposure to harsh chemicals, physical stress or simply due to aging. These problems often involve irritability, discomfort, and loss of aestheticism and many of the traditional methods have not been able to answer these raising concerns. Nanoparticles used in skin protection aim to treat or prevent such skin ailments providing it with various utilitarian active ingredients and providing active solutions to global concerns related to skin. This article comprehensively explores the dynamic nature, contemporary methodologies, and future outlook of nanoparticles in the realm of skin protection, aiming to fulfill the aspiration of safeguarding the skin.
Modular stochastic configuration network prediction interval for furnace temperature in municipal solid waste incineration
Authors: Yan Aijun , Wang Fuhe
Published: June 2024

The high dimensionality of characteristic variables and the presence of numerous uncertain factors affecting furnace temperature during municipal solid waste incineration can lead to poor accuracy and generalization ability for furnace temperature prediction. This paper adopts the modular neural network modeling approach and incorporates Gaussian process regression analysis into stochastic configuration networks to propose a method for establishing a furnace temperature prediction interval model. First, a Gaussian mixture model is used to decompose the complex task into several subtasks. Then, considering the differences among the subtasks, Gaussian process regression with different kernel functions is combined with a stochastic configuration network to form corresponding base models, which are trained and learned. The prediction interval results are obtained through blending ensemble methods. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is tested using historical data obtained from the municipal solid waste incineration process. The results indicate that the furnace temperature prediction model demonstrates advantages in terms of accuracy and generalization ability, making it applicable to the field of process parameter modeling.
Performance of anionic dimeric surfactant on AZ31 Magnesium alloy in neutral medium unveiled through experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Acharya M. Gururaj , Shetty A. N.
Published: June 2024

The synthesis of a novel eco-friendly anionic Gemini surfactant, pursuing three parameters of green chemistry: economic, environmental factor, and mass reaction efficiency is developed as a corrosion inhibitor for AZ31 Mg alloy. Herein, the corrosion inhibition ability of novel EDTA-based dimeric surfactant on AZ31 Mg alloy in corrosive media with varying concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 at temperatures between 30–50 °C were studied. The surfactant’s molecular structure is affirmed by FT-IR, NMR, and LC–MS techniques. Electrochemical techniques and surface morphology were employed to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency. The inhibitor studied exhibited appreciable corrosion inhibition at 30 °C. The surfactant shows physical adsorption as per the data obtained in the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of adsorption studies. The adsorption of the inhibitor was found to be a film-like layer on the surface of AZ31 Mg alloy and, is confirmed by SEM–EDX and XPS techniques. In addition, theoretical simulations were performed to compare with experimental results. Conclusively, the work provides a deeper understanding of the intricacies involved in the development of a new anionic dimeric surfactant as an effective corrosion inhibitor.
Climate change dynamics and adaptation strategies: insights from Dingapota Haor farmers in Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md. Shajahan , Akther Rahima , Islam Santa , Rahman Saifur , Sayadat Nazmus , Banik Bristy
Published: June 2024

Bangladesh is a highly climate vulnerable region. Among the many areas of Bangladesh, the haor region is considered as one of the most climate change sensitive areas. Again, the nation greatly depends on the agricultural produce of the haor area. So, adoption to climate change strategies is vital for the farming community of Bangladesh. The current study was conducted based on the idea of understanding the depth of knowledge of farmers regarding climate change, identifying the currently practiced climate change adaptation strategies and to know the influential factors behind the adoption of those practices. The study was drawn on primary data collected from 300 farmers of the Dingapota haor of Mohanganj upazila under Netrokona district of Bangladesh through a structured interview schedule. Descriptive analysis, adaptation Strategy Index (ASI), and Pearson’s product correlation coefficient (r) were used to analyze data with the help of Excel and SPSS. The study found that the intensity of flash floods, short winter seasons, and unpredictable rainfall have significantly increased. Most respondents believe that certain parts of the climatic conditions are getting worse. Farmers’ knowledge about crop diversification secured first and floating agriculture secured second position in case of advanced proficiency to cope with climate change vulnerability. The research exposed that changes in planting and harvesting dates are the most efficient climate change adaptation strategy practiced by farmers and their experience of agricultural farming strongly influences adaptation choices in the study area.
Noninvasive assessment of pulmonary hypertension: key insights to maximize chest computed tomography
Authors: Nardone Luigi , Minichetti Paola , Sauro Sofia Lo , Simiele Carlotta , Agati Giorgio , Como Giuseppe , Girometti Rossano , Zuiani Chiara , Cereser Lorenzo
Published: June 2024

According to the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines, a right heart catheterization-derived mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) > 20 mmHg at rest defines pulmonary hypertension (PH). As PH can ultimately lead to death, multidisciplinary early diagnosis, proper framework, and prompt management are crucial. ESC/ERS PH classification encompasses five groups, each sharing pathogenesis, hemodynamics, and management, i.e., group I, pulmonary arterial hypertension; II, left heart disease; III, lung disease and/or hypoxia; IV, chronic thromboembolic PH; and V, with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms. Chest CT is pivotal in PH grouping, comprehensively evaluating the lung, heart, pulmonary vessels, and mediastinum. In this review, we synoptically illustrate the chest CT findings of PH and provide a CT-based logical framework suggesting a PH group hypothesis. Improving knowledge of PH CT features and their combination empowers radiologists to contribute valuably to the PH multidisciplinary clinical discussion.
Diurnal Variability of Mixed Layer Overturning Instabilities From Glider Array Observations in the South China Sea
Authors: Zheng Ruixi , Jing Zhiyou
Published: June 2024

The diurnal variability of mixed layer (ML) overturning instabilities remains poorly understood due to the challenge in capturing their rapid evolutions across large spatiotemporal ranges. Using high‐resolution data from 52 gliders in the South China Sea, we examine the diurnal modulations of ML overturning instabilities. The results of the 3‐month field observation show that negative potential vorticity occupies ∼16% of the ML and facilitates several types of forced overturning instabilities, especially symmetric instability (SI). Surface heat fluxes are identified to primarily modulate the diurnal variability of these overturning cells, where nighttime surface cooling is found to energize SI with an ∼2‐hr phase lag. As a result, over 60% of forced submesoscale overturning cells tend to restratify the ML at night. These findings quantitatively highlight the modulation of diabatic atmospheric forcing in submesoscale restratification, which should be considered in submesoscale parameterizations of ocean and climate models.
Strong‐Motion Broadband Displacements From Collocated Ocean‐Bottom Pressure Gauges and Seismometers
Authors: Mizutani Ayumu , Melgar Diego , Yomogida Kiyoshi
Published: June 2024

Dense and broad‐coverage ocean‐bottom observation networks enable us to obtain near‐fault displacement records associated with an offshore earthquake. However, simple integration of ocean‐bottom strong‐motion acceleration records leads to physically unrealistic displacement records. Here we propose a new method using a Kalman filter to estimate coseismic displacement waveforms using the collocated ocean‐bottom seismometers and pressure gauges. First, we evaluate our method using synthetic records and then apply it to an offshore Mw 6.0 event that generated a small tsunami. In both the synthetic and real cases, our method successfully estimates reasonable displacement waveforms. Additionally, we show that the computed waveforms improve the results of the finite fault modeling process. In other words, the proposed method will be useful for estimating the details of the rupture mechanism of offshore earthquakes as a complement to onshore observations.
Transient Creep in Olivine at Shallow Mantle Pressures: Implications for Time‐Dependent Rheology in Post‐Seismic Deformation
Authors: Ohuchi Tomohiro , Higo Yuji , Tsujino Noriyoshi , Seto Yusuke , Kakizawa Sho , Tange Yoshinori , Miyagawa Yamato , Kono Yoshio , Yumoto Hirokatsu , Koyama Takahisa , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Senba Yasunori , Ohashi Haruhiko , Inoue Ichiro , Hayashi Yujiro , Yabashi Makina , Irifune Tetsuo
Published: June 2024

Transient creep in olivine aggregates has been studied by stress‐relaxation experiments at pressures of 1.7–3.6 GPa and at temperatures of ≤1020 K in a DIA apparatus. Time‐dependent deformation of olivine at small strains (<0.07) was monitored with an ∼1 s of time resolution using a combination of a high‐flux synchrotron X‐ray and a cadmium telluride imaging detector. The observed deformation was found to follow the Burgers creep function with the transient relaxation time ranging from 50 (±20) to 1,880 (±750) s. We show that the Burgers creep for olivine cannot account for the low viscosities in early post‐seismic deformation reported by geodetic observations (<7 × 1017 Pa·s). In contrast, the time‐dependent increase in viscosity observed in late post‐seismic deformation (1018−1020 Pa·s) is explained by the Burgers rheology, suggesting that the combination of the Burgers model and another model is needed for the interpretation of post‐seismic deformation.
Cloud Versus Void Chord Length Distributions (LvL) as a Measure for Cloud Field Organization
Authors: Koren Ilan , Dror Tom , Altaratz Orit , Chekroun Mickaël D.
Published: June 2024

Cloud organization impacts the radiative effects and precipitation patterns of the cloud field. Deviating from randomness, clouds exhibit either clustering or a regular grid structure, characterized by the spacing between clouds and the cloud size distribution. The two measures are coupled but do not fully define each other. Here, we present the deviation from randomness of the cloud‐ and void‐chord length distributions as a measure for both factors. We introduce the LvL representation and an associated 2D score that allow for unambiguously quantifying departure from well‐defined baseline randomness in cloud spacing and sizes. This approach demonstrates sensitivity and robustness in classifying cloud field organization types. Its delicate sensitivity unravels the temporal evolution of a single cloud field, providing novel insights into the underlying governing processes.
Missing Increase in Summer Greenland Blocking in Climate Models
Authors: Maddison J. W. , Catto J. L. , Hanna E. , Luu L. N. , Screen J. A.
Published: June 2024

Summertime Greenland blocking (GB) can drive melting of the Greenland ice sheet, which has global implications. A strongly increasing trend in GB in the early twenty‐first century was observed but is missing in climate model simulations. Here, we analyze the temporal evolution of GB in nearly 500 members from the CMIP6 archive. The recent period of increased GB is not present in the members considered. The maximum 10‐year trend in GB in the reanalysis, associated with the recent increase, lies almost outside the distributions of trends for any 10‐year period in the climate models. GB is shown to be partly driven by the sea surface temperatures and/or sea ice concentrations, as well as by anthropogenic aerosols. Further work is required to understand why climate models cannot represent a period of increased GB, and appear to underestimate its decadal variability, and what implications this may have.
Unique Temperature Trend Pattern Associated With Internally Driven Global Cooling and Arctic Warming During 1980–2022
Authors: Sweeney Aodhan J. , Fu Qiang , Po‐Chedley Stephen , Wang Hailong , Wang Muyin
Published: June 2024

Diagnosing the role of internal variability over recent decades is critically important for both model validation and projections of future warming. Recent research suggests that for 1980–2022 internal variability manifested as Global Cooling and Arctic Warming (i‐GCAW), leading to enhanced Arctic Amplification (AA), and suppressed global warming over this period. Here we show that such an i‐GCAW is rare in CMIP6 large ensembles, but simulations that do produce similar i‐GCAW exhibit a unique and robust internally driven global surface air temperature (SAT) trend pattern. This unique SAT trend pattern features enhanced warming in the Barents and Kara Sea and cooling in the Tropical Eastern Pacific and Southern Ocean. Given that these features are imprinted in the observed record over recent decades, this work suggests that internal variability makes a crucial contribution to the discrepancy between observations and model‐simulated forced SAT trend patterns.
First-line penpulimab (an anti-PD1 antibody) and anlotinib (an angiogenesis inhibitor) with nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine (PAAG) in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a prospective, multicentre, biomolecular exploratory, phase II trial
Authors: Sha Huizi , Tong Fan , Ni Jiayao , Sun Yi , Zhu Yahui , Qi Liang , Li Xiaoqin , Li Wei , Yang Yan , Gu Qing , Zhang Xing , Wang Xiaoxuan , Zhu Chan , Chen Dongsheng , Liu Baorui , Du Juan
Published: June 2024

Metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) has a dismal prognosis. Herein, we conducted a prospective, multicentre, single-arm, phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of penpulimab and anlotinib in combination with nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine (PAAG) in patients with first-line mPC (NCT05493995). The primary endpoints included the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), while secondary endpoints encompassed progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. In 66 patients analysed for efficacy, the best response, indicated by the ORR, was recorded at 50.0% (33/66) (95% CI, 37.4–62.6%), with 33 patients achieving partial response (PR). Notably, the DCR was 95.5% (63/66, 95% CI, 87.3–99.1%). The median PFS (mPFS) and OS (mOS) were 8.8 (95% CI, 8.1–11.6), and 13.7 (95% CI, 12.4 to not reached) months, respectively. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 39.4% of patients (26/66). In prespecified exploratory analysis, patients with altered SWI/SNF complex had a poorer PFS. Additionally, low serum CA724 level, high T-cell recruitment, low Th17 cell recruitment, and high NK CD56dim cell scores at baseline were potential predicative biomarkers for more favourable efficacy. In conclusion, PAAG as a first-line therapy demonstrated tolerability with promising clinical efficacy for mPC. The biomolecular findings identified in this study possess the potential to guide the precise clinical application of the triple-combo regimen.
General and anxiety-linked influences of acute serotonin reuptake inhibition on neural responses associated with attended visceral sensation
Authors: Livermore James J. A. , Skora Lina I. , Adamatzky Kristian , Garfinkel Sarah N. , Critchley Hugo D. , Campbell-Meiklejohn Daniel
Published: June 2024

Ordinary sensations from inside the body are important causes and consequences of our affective states and behaviour, yet the roles of neurotransmitters in interoceptive processing have been unclear. With a within-subjects design, this experiment tested the impacts of acute increases of endogenous extracellular serotonin on the neural processing of attended internal sensations and the links of these effects to anxiety using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (20 mg citalopram) and a placebo. Twenty-one healthy volunteers (fourteen female, mean age 23.9) completed the Visceral Interoceptive Attention (VIA) task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with each treatment. The VIA task required focused attention on the heart, stomach, or visual sensation. The relative neural interoceptive responses to heart sensation [heart minus visual attention] (heart-IR) and stomach sensation [stomach minus visual attention] (stomach-IR) were compared between treatments. Visual attention subtraction controlled for the general effects of citalopram on sensory processing. Citalopram was associated with lower interoceptive processing in viscerosensory (the stomach-IR of bilateral posterior insular cortex) and integrative/affective (the stomach-IR and heart-IR of bilateral amygdala) components of interoceptive neural pathways. In anterior insular cortex, citalopram reductions of heart-IR depended on anxiety levels, removing a previously known association between anxiety and the region’s response to attended heart sensation observed with placebo. Preliminary post hoc analysis indicated that citalopram effects on the stomach-IR of the amygdalae corresponded to acute anxiety changes. This direct evidence of general and anxiety-linked serotonergic influence on neural interoceptive processes advances our understanding of interoception, its regulation, and anxiety.
Knockout of integrin αvβ6 protects against renal inflammation in chronic kidney disease by reduction of pro-inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Zhu Changjian , Zheng Ruilin , Han Xu , Tang Ziwen , Li Feng , Hu Xinrong , Lin Ruoni , Shen Jiani , Pei Qiaoqiao , Wang Rong , Wei Guangyan , Peng Zhenwei , Chen Wei , Liang Zhou , Zhou Yi
Published: June 2024

Integrin αvβ6 holds promise as a therapeutic target for organ fibrosis, yet targeted therapies are hampered by concerns over inflammatory-related side effects. The role of αvβ6 in renal inflammation remains unknown, and clarifying this issue is crucial for αvβ6-targeted treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we revealed a remarkable positive correlation between overexpressed αvβ6 in proximal tubule cells (PTCs) and renal inflammation in CKD patients and mouse models. Notably, knockout of αvβ6 not only significantly alleviated renal fibrosis but also reduced inflammatory responses in mice, especially the infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, conditional knockout of αvβ6 in PTCs in vivo and co-culture of PTCs with macrophages in vitro showed that depleting αvβ6 in PTCs suppressed the migration and pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages. Screening of macrophage activators showed that αvβ6 in PTCs activates macrophages via secreting IL-34. IL-34 produced by PTCs was significantly diminished by αvβ6 silencing, and reintroduction of IL-34 restored macrophage activities, while anti-IL-34 antibody restrained macrophage activities enhanced by αvβ6 overexpression. Moreover, RNA-sequencing of PTCs and verification experiments demonstrated that silencing αvβ6 in PTCs blocked hypoxia-stimulated IL-34 upregulation and secretion by inhibiting YAP expression, dephosphorylation, and nuclear translocation, which resulted in the activation of Hippo signaling. While application of a YAP agonist effectively recurred IL-34 production by PTCs, enhancing the subsequent macrophage migration and activation. Besides, reduced IL-34 expression and YAP activation were also observed in global or PTCs-specific αvβ6-deficient injured kidneys. Collectively, our research elucidates the pro-inflammatory function and YAP/IL-34/macrophage axis-mediated mechanism of αvβ6 in renal inflammation, providing a solid rationale for the use of αvβ6 inhibition to treat kidney inflammation and fibrosis.
Stabilizing persistent currents in an atomtronic Josephson junction necklace
Authors: Pezzè Luca , Xhani Klejdja , Daix Cyprien , Grani Nicola , Donelli Beatrice , Scazza Francesco , Hernandez-Rajkov Diego , Kwon Woo Jin , Del Pace Giulia , Roati Giacomo
Published: June 2024

Arrays of Josephson junctions are at the forefront of research on quantum circuitry for quantum computing, simulation, and metrology. They provide a testing bed for exploring a variety of fundamental physical effects where macroscopic phase coherence, nonlinearities, and dissipative mechanisms compete. Here we realize finite-circulation states in an atomtronic Josephson junction necklace, consisting of a tunable array of tunneling links in a ring-shaped superfluid. We study the stability diagram of the atomic flow by tuning both the circulation and the number of junctions. We predict theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that the atomic circuit withstands higher circulations (corresponding to higher critical currents) by increasing the number of Josephson links. The increased stability contrasts with the trend of the superfluid fraction – quantified by Leggett’s criterion – which instead decreases with the number of junctions and the corresponding density depletion. Our results demonstrate atomic superfluids in mesoscopic structured ring potentials as excellent candidates for atomtronics applications, with prospects towards the observation of non-trivial macroscopic superpositions of current states.
Ultrasound-mediated delivery of doxorubicin to the brain results in immune modulation and improved responses to PD-1 blockade in gliomas
Authors: Arrieta Víctor A. , Gould Andrew , Kim Kwang-Soo , Habashy Karl J. , Dmello Crismita , Vázquez-Cervantes Gustavo I. , Palacín-Aliana Irina , McManus Graysen , Amidei Christina , Gomez Cristal , Dhiantravan Silpol , Chen Li , Zhang Daniel Y. , Saganty Ruth , Cholak Meghan E. , Pandey Surya , McCord Matthew , McCortney Kathleen , Castro Brandyn , Ward Rachel , Muzzio Miguel , Bouchoux Guillaume , Desseaux Carole , Canney Michael , Carpentier Alexandre , Zhang Bin , Miska Jason M. , Lesniak Maciej S. , Horbinski Craig M. , Lukas Rimas V. , Stupp Roger , Lee-Chang Catalina , Sonabend Adam M.
Published: June 2024

Given the marginal penetration of most drugs across the blood-brain barrier, the efficacy of various agents remains limited for glioblastoma (GBM). Here we employ low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) and intravenously administered microbubbles (MB) to open the blood-brain barrier and increase the concentration of liposomal doxorubicin and PD-1 blocking antibodies (aPD-1). We report results on a cohort of 4 GBM patients and preclinical models treated with this approach. LIPU/MB increases the concentration of doxorubicin by 2-fold and 3.9-fold in the human and murine brains two days after sonication, respectively. Similarly, LIPU/MB-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption leads to a 6-fold and a 2-fold increase in aPD-1 concentrations in murine brains and peritumoral brain regions from GBM patients treated with pembrolizumab, respectively. Doxorubicin and aPD-1 delivered with LIPU/MB upregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II in tumor cells. Increased brain concentrations of doxorubicin achieved by LIPU/MB elicit IFN-γ and MHC class I expression in microglia and macrophages. Doxorubicin and aPD-1 delivered with LIPU/MB results in the long-term survival of most glioma-bearing mice, which rely on myeloid cells and lymphocytes for their efficacy. Overall, this translational study supports the utility of LIPU/MB to potentiate the antitumoral activities of doxorubicin and aPD-1 for GBM.