bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is dysthanasia the only obstacle to a dignified death?
Authors: Costa Leonardo Bocchi , Campos Nathalia da Fonseca , Marchetto Patricia Borba
Published: January 2025

Abstract This paper aims to show that the phenomenon of mysthanasia is an obstacle to achieving the right to a dignified death in Brazil. Traditional bioethical discussions on dignified death, influenced by the American principlist school, tend to prioritize microethical and emerging issues. Brazil’s social reality contrasts with this view, as it is characterized by hierarchies and historical processes of social exclusion, factors that contribute to the phenomenon of miserable and unassisted death. Given this context, the study discusses the need to expand the debate on dignified death to include persistent macroethical issues and address the impact of social exclusion on the dying process of vulnerable populations. A deductive methodology was used to analyze the data collected from a narrative literature review and the DataSUS system.
Orthodontic retainers: are they all the same?
Authors: ARAUJO Telma Martins de , FERREIRA Paula Paes , LISBOA Izabelle Alice Pinheiro Barros , VOGEL Carlos Jorge , STARLING Carolina Ribeiro
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is known that the stability of the results obtained with orthodontic treatment depends, in addition to the functional and aesthetic aspects, also on the adequate planning of the retention devices, the patient’s compliance with this new phase, and the physiological changes that the human body experiences over the years, throughout the craniofacial aging process. Objective: This article discusses the importance of the orthodontic retention phase and the influence of diagnosis, planning and execution of corrective treatment of malocclusions, in order to achieve the expected success. Methods: Throughout the text, different types of retainers and approaches during this phase will be presented, with the aim of ensuring the stability of the results obtained after correcting problems in the vertical, transverse and anteroposterior directions. Results: Orthodontic retainers are not all the same. The retention protocol must be performed in an individualized and planned manner, taking the initial dental positions as a reference. Conclusions: The orthodontist must inform the patient and parents about important aspects of how to maintain the occlusion achieved with orthodontic treatment. The retainers installed after the end of corrective treatment are not everlasting, they can suffer damage with use and must be replaced. Therefore, the patient must be aware of the importance of using retainers as prescribed by the orthodontist, and of returning for scheduled review appointments.
Evguiéni Bronislávovitch Pachukanis, um verbete
Authors: Melkevik Bjarne
Published: January 2025

Resumo Trata-se de verbete publicado por Bjarne Melkevik sobre Evguiéni Bronislávovitch Pachukanis na Enciclopédia de Filosofia do Direito e Filosofia Social, organizada pela Associação Internacional para Filosofia do Direito e Filosofia Social (IVR), contendo elementos bio-bibliográficos do jurista russo, uma avaliação de sua obra mais festejada - Teoria geral do direito e marxismo - e um balanço de suas repercussões e alterações posteriores.
El análisis prosopográfico y el estudio de intelectuales del campo educacional durante la Dictadura Civil Militar en Chile (1973-1990)
Authors: Garrido Felipe Andres Zurita
Published: January 2025

Resumen Este artículo presenta resultados de una investigación que buscó estudiar la configuración histórica de intelectuales que participaron en la creación e implementación de la política educativa de la Dictadura Civil Militar en Chile (1973-1990). Metodológicamente se hizo un análisis prosopográfico estructurado en base a la consulta de diversas fuentes. Como resultado se presentan datos claves de las biografías individuales y la descripción de perfiles emergentes al interior del conjunto de estos intelectuales. Las conclusiones muestran a un colectivo mayoritariamente masculino y originario de Santiago, de mediana edad y de un breve promedio temporal de ejercicio en cargos públicos, con una formación profesional variada desarrollada en instituciones nacionales e internacionales. También se concluyó que los perfiles emergentes describen a grupos variados, tanto en sus formaciones académicas, composición de sus integrantes y orientaciones ideológicas, siendo posible identificar también a algunos profesionales con experiencia relevante dentro del campo educacional y formación calificada.
Representação da educação feminina em Assú (RN) pelas linhas e entrelinhas do jornal Brado Conservador (1876-1881)
Authors: Silva Marliane Porfirio da , Viveiros Kilza Fernanda Moreira de
Published: January 2025

Resumo Este trabalho se insere na área de pesquisa da História da Educação, com ênfase na representação da educação feminina, no jornal da cidade de Assú (RN), Brado Conservador (1876-1881). Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar como os espaços sociais determinavam as representações em torno da educação feminina. Utilizamos de suporte teórico-metodológico a Nova História Cultural, que nos permitiu a compreensão da história dos cidadãos comuns e a caminhar por outros olhares que representam a sociedade oitocentista. Pelo viés da representação, de Chartier (2002), identificamos como o jornal serviu de influência na manutenção de ideais conservadores da época sobre a representação da educação feminina. Esta pesquisa também se fundamenta a partir das discussões acerca da história das mulheres, pelos escritos de Falci (2004), Duarte (2010) e Del Priore (2004; 2020), que contribuíram para a compreensão e problematização em torno da educação feminina, dentre seus limites e possibilidades.
ORÇAMENTOS DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO NO IMPÉRIO
Authors: Luna Francisco Vidal , Klein Herbert S.
Published: January 2025

Resumo A história das finanças públicas está relativamente bem desenvolvida na historiografia brasileira, entretanto a maioria das pesquisas concentrou-se nas finanças do governo central e nas atividades dos governos estaduais, com menor ênfase nas finanças municipais. Neste ensaio, estudamos a composição e evolução dos orçamentos da cidade de São Paulo, assim como a evolução de suas principais receitas e despesas durante o Império. Utilizamos duas fontes de informações: os orçamentos e balanços anualmente aprovados pela Câmara Municipal da cidade de São Paulo e enviados para apreciação da Assembleia Legislativa da Província de São Paulo e as Leis Provinciais que os ratificaram. A análise dos orçamentos mostra no período uma reduzida capacidade da municipalidade atender grande parte das necessidades de uma cidade que crescia em população, na complexidade das atividades econômicas e nas exigências sociais, como educação, saúde, saneamento, cultura e infraestrutura. As despesas do município concentravam-se em gastos com a limitada burocracia existente e com a manutenção dos cemitérios, dos mercados, da biblioteca e serviços, como a limpeza pública. Ademais alocavam-se recursos para obras de pequena monta, como recuperação de muros, chafarizes, pontes, etc. Pelo fato de ser a capital da Província recebia a maior parte dos serviços oferecidos pelo governo provincial em educação, saúde, saneamento, cultura e, provavelmente, infraestrutura.
HISTÓRIA SOCIAL DO TRABALHO E PERSPECTIVA DE GÊNERO NO BRASIL
Authors: Popinigis Fabiane , Schettini Cristiana
Published: January 2025

Resumo Este texto se propõe a rastrear alguns fios da trajetória da história social das mulheres no Brasil, discutindo tensões, interações e possíveis interrupções em torno da importância da história social do trabalho para a construção de uma perspectiva de gênero. Para isso abordaremos alguns eixos de debates atuais sobre gênero, raça e classe, argumentando que reconhecer a historicidade e os contextos das pesquisas históricas que contemplaram a construção social da diferença sexual é um passo útil para a avaliação da produção historiográfica e para delinear agendas de pesquisa em torno de gênero e trabalho.
Selection for durable resistance to late blight in potatoes
Authors: Rocha Dediel JA , Casa-Coila Victor H , Terres Laerte R , Gomes Cesar B , Castro Caroline M , Reis Ailton , Pereira Arione S
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT Commercial potato cultivars may contain several qualitative (major) resistance genes (R genes) which can protect plants against late blight, but they are not always effective because they can be defeated by new races of Phytophthora infestans. Quantitative resistance is controlled by many minor genes with additive effects and thus is more durable. This study aimed to characterize late blight resistance in Brazilian potato genotypes and evaluate a strategy to select for durable resistance. We generated potato progenies from crosses between parents with different quantitative resistance levels. The detached leaflet method was applied to test the resistance in the seedling generation with a complex race of P. infestans. Assays utilizing whole plants with inoculations of P. infestans (race 0) were performed to detect the parents’ R genes. The results allowed to identify the presence of R genes, as well as to distinguish the qualitative resistance from the quantitative resistance in the evaluated genotypes. The use of a complex race of P. infestans, compatible with R genes present in the progenies, allowed the selection for durable resistance to late blight.
Molecular analysis of zoonotic pathogens in free-ranging six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) from the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Oliveira Ilanna Vanessa Pristo de Medeiros , Bezerra José Artur Brilhante , Moura Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira , Yamakawa Ana Carolina , Nilsson Mariana Guimarães , Ferreira Jéssica da Silva , Haisi Amanda , Fornazari Felipe , Langoni Hélio , Antunes João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula
Published: January 2025

Abstract This study investigated infection by Leishmania spp., Leptospira spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma cruzi in six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) from the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Twenty specimens of E. sexcinctus were captured alive by wildlife veterinarians from their natural habitats in different locations. The animals were euthanized following induction of anesthesia, and different biological samples were collected. Infection with four pathogens was subsequently evaluated: Leishmania infection was investigated by spleen and liver Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); Leptospira spp. infection was evaluated by kidney PCR and serologically by microscopic agglutination test; T. gondii infection was assessed by PCR of the heart, lung, and spleen; and T. cruzi infection was investigated by heart and whole blood PCR and hemoculture. All tests presented negative results apart from whole blood PCR to detect T. cruzi, which was positive in one of the 20 animals tested and confirmed by genetic sequencing. It is important to highlight that this is the first study comprising a molecular investigation of different zoonotic pathogens in six-banded armadillos, and the findings reported here bring new and important knowledge regarding zoonotic diseases in this species.
A “COMISSÃO MÉDICA E ASSISTÊNCIA AOS FLAGELADOS DO NORDESTE”: SERTÕES ÁRIDOS, ALIMENTAÇÃO E FOME NA SECA DE 1932
Authors: Andrade Joel Carlos de Souza , Andrade Juciene Batista Felix
Published: January 2025

Resumo A “Comissão Médica e Assistência aos Flagelados do Nordeste” foi enviada aos sertões da Paraíba, Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte em atendimento às obras da IFOCS, durante a seca de 1932. Constituiu um exemplo das políticas públicas de saúde no processo de modernização do Estado brasileiro e sua tentativa de atenuar as distâncias entre o centro e os sertões. Objetiva-se analisar como a experiência de médicos e enfermeiras expõe uma cartografia dos problemas de saúde e alimentação, de crianças e adultos. Conclui-se que o Relatório constitui um documento que verticaliza o problemático e calamitoso quadro de fragilidade alimentar dos sertanejos.
LENGUAS REGIONALES Y POLÍTICAS LINGÜÍSTICAS EN ESPAÑA Y FRANCIA: DIVERSIDAD Y PROTECCIONISMO
Authors: Berkani Houda
Published: January 2025

Este artículo examina las políticas lingüísticas de España y Francia, en función de destacar cómo cada país ha gestionado su diversidad lingüística, un tema crucial para la cohesión nacional y la identidad cultural. El objetivo fue analizar cómo estas políticas inciden en la identidad regional y en los derechos de las minorías culturales, así como en los patrones de voto en contextos donde las lenguas regionales desempeñan un papel central. Se empleó una metodología comparativa basada en estudios de caso de Cataluña, País Vasco y Córcega, combinada con un análisis discursivo de narrativas políticas y mediáticas. El enfoque fue cualitativo, se analizaron documentos claves como constituciones, leyes, decretos y artículos mediáticos. La muestra incluyó textos legales y discursos mediáticos relevantes de ambos países. Los resultados indican que, en España, la promoción de lenguas regionales como el catalán y el euskera ha reforzado las identidades regionales, mientras que, en Francia, el proteccionismo del francés ha limitado el reconocimiento de lenguas como el corso, y generado tensiones sobre los derechos lingüísticos. Estas políticas han impactado significativamente en la cohesión social, política y electoral de ambos países.
Urban–rural public transport accessibility evaluation based on improved gravity model with actual time
Authors: Zhu Minqing , Zuo Yichen , Liang Xinyu , Cui Hongjun
Published: January 2025

Accessibility represents a paramount metric for assessing the service level of public transportation systems. Current research predominantly focuses on urban intra-system accessibility, with limited holistic studies encompassing small- to medium-sized cities, adjacent towns, and rural areas. Traditional metrics like bus mode share, route length, and road density inadequately quantify urban–rural transportation supply. Existing methods rely on travel distance and assumed bus speeds, neglecting actual time-based assessments. Building upon the gravity model, this study proposes a regional bus accessibility model, using real travel time as impedance and supply–demand ratio as a weighting factor, and visualises results through ArcGIS spatial analysis. Leveraging Python scraping technology and the Gaode Map Open Platform, we obtain actual bus travel durations between origins and destinations. Taking 16 traffic zones in Tengzhou County as examples, we analyse temporal–spatial differences in bus travel between urban and rural village zones. The accessibility results intuitively reveal the level of bus accessibility from urban centres to surrounding villages, providing quantitative information crucial for site selection analysis and public transport optimisation.
Rethinking the Regime Security and Democratic Development through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Authors: Doğan Fazlı , Akgün Birol
Published: January 2025

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a regional international organization that emerged in Eurasia in the post-Cold War period and has different priorities, unlike Western liberal organizations. In this respect, SCO is an unconventional international integration against non-traditional threats. SCO's institutional structure has been functionalized to serve security, understood as regime security against the threats of three evils: terrorism, extremism, and separatism. This study argues that one of the priorities of the SCO is to ensure regime security for its members. We can conclude that SCO can provide an essential basis for nation-building and democratic development among Central Asian Turkic Members (CATM).
Impact of Development Agencies on Regional Development
Authors: Ünal Güliz , Taraktaş Abdurrahman
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of development agencies on regional development. The impact of the financial support programs of the development agency operating in the TR41 region on regional development was investigated in depth by qualitative analysis. Unlike studies based on quantitative methods or mixed approaches, this study explores the subjective experiences and perceptions of beneficiary institutions, providing a detailed depiction of how development agency interventions shape regional development. The findings underline the dynamic and evolving nature of regional development in line with the New Regionalism Approach; contributes to the literature with a detailed case study by emphasizing the importance of local resources, stakeholder engagement and sustainable development practices; It offers practical implications for policy makers and regional development practitioners.
Finansal Varlık Yatırımlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Köycü Erol , Ege İlhan
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada devlet iç borçlanma araçları, yapılandırılmış ürünler ve diğer yatırım araçları yatırım enstrümanlarına yapılan yatırımları etkileyen ekonomik ve finansal faktörlerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada kullanılan açıklanan ve açıklayıcı değişkenler esas alınarak üç farklı model geliştirilmiş ve çalışmanın dönem aralığı verilerin süreklilik arz etmesi göz önünde bulundurularak devlet iç borçlanma araçları için 2013:01-2023:07, yapılandırılmış ürünler için 2010:09-2023:07 ve diğer yatırım araçları için ise 2011:10-2023:07 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan zaman serisi analiz sürecinin izlendiği çalışma soncunda gerek kısa dönemde gerekse uzun dönemde finansal varlıkları etkileyen farklı ekonomik ve finansal faktörler tespit edilmiştir.
From the “Asian Mode of Production” to “Politarism”: The Formation of the Historiosophical Concept of YU. I. Semenov
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Vasechko Vyacheslav
Published: January 2025

The article examines the origin of the concepts of ‘politarism’ and its derivatives ‘political mode of production’, ‘political society’, which are quite often used in the Russian domestic socio-historical and socio-philosophical literature. It is shown that the immediate predecessor of this concept was the ‘Asian mode of production’ and its various analogues (‘Eastern despotism’, ‘the era of Asian kings’ etc.) in the works of K. Marx, which remained mainly in manuscript form. The fi rst discussion around the Asian mode of production (AMP), which unfolded in the USSR in the 1920s, although it was suppressed by harsh administrative methods, nevertheless brought a significant revival to the Soviet social philosophy, which was already under the powerful pressure of the dogmas of the ‘historical materialism’ and the so-called five-term scheme of socio-economic formations. A second similar discussion, which took place in the 1950s and 1960s, also played such a role, prompting, among other things, a significant part of professional orientalists to large-scale and conceptual socio-historical generalizations. The activities and works of the recently deceased professor Yu. I. Semenov, whose name is directly related to the appearance of the term ‘politarism’ in Soviet and then Russian social philosophy, are specially considered. Y.I. Semenov’s original historiosophical concept, created and developed by its author in the conditions of his conscious opposition to the aggressive ideological environment and administrative dictate, has become a valuable component of the conceptual and scientific understanding of the historical process, retaining its heuristic significance to this day. The concepts used by Y.I. Semenov and, in general, his very approach to understanding social and political reality deserve attention as one of the versions of non-dogmatic, creative Marxism, which occupies a noticeable niche in modern domestic and foreign academic discourse.
2022 Nobel Prize in Physics and the End of Mechanistic Materialism. Part 2: Realism and Locality
Authors:   Belgrade University, Zemun, Serbia, Salom Igor
Published: January 2025

Here we discuss in more detail the implications of such outcomes, and what are the possible ways that our worldviews can be modified to account for the experimental facts. As we will see, the standard mechanistic picture of the universe is no longer a viable option, and it will never be again. Nowadays, we know this with certainty unusual for physics, that only a strict mathematical theorem could provide. We hope, that the 2022 Nobel Prizes in Physics will help to draw attention to the scientific and philosophical revolution that took place almost half a century ago (with the first Bell tests), and that the clock-like picture of reality will soon be widely recognized for what it is – the “flat Earth” of the philosophy of science.
Artificial Intelligence in Education: Overview of Opportunities and Limitations
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Vikhman Viktoria , Mindigulova Arina ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Romm Mark ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The topic of active implementation of AI technologies in modern educational reality is one of the most popular in modern scientific discourse. This article is aimed at fixing the points of view of domestic and foreign research community regarding the possibilities of applying artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the educational sphere. The discussion is centered not so much on the diversity of approaches, topics, and strategies as on a semi-systematic (descriptive) literature review aimed at identifying the most significant research traditions for the topic under consideration. The latter include specific applications of AI technologies, the context of technology use related to the recently concluded COVID-19 pandemic, AI as a tool for learners’ adaptation in the educational process, as well as the analysis of opportunities, limitations, positive expectations and threats to the active implementation of AI technologies in education. Both the diversity of research positions and their ambiguity are recorded. It becomes obvious that despite the large number of publications devoted to the application of AI technologies in the educational process, a number of aspects remain unclear, including the understanding of what is the phenomenon of modern education in the context of the AI technologies application and how it is transformed under the influence of such technologies. The need for further understanding of the role and place of AI technologies in modern social practices within the educational process is emphasized.
Boundaries Between Private and Public as a Condition of Personal Autonomy
Authors:   Dostoyevsky Omsk State University, Russian Federation, Chesnokova Lesya
Published: January 2025

The subject of this article is the phenomenon of the boundary between the private and public spheres. The research is based on a systematic approach that allows analyzing and combining individual aspects of the phenomenon under study, as well as methods of logical and historical analysis, hermeneutical and logical methods. The ratio of public and private spheres has now become the subject of consideration of a number of social sciences and humanities. If the public sphere is fundamentally transparent and open to everyone, then privacy, on the contrary, is connoted with darkness, opacity, mystery. A person as a social being is characterized by the need for both public and private space. The boundaries between public and private space can be both material (doors, walls) and immaterial (laws, traditions, social norms). It is noted that these boundaries are not static, they change in space and time, depend on culture, generation and social stratum. Socially constructed boundaries of privacy are formed on the basis of existing ideas in this society about the degree of personal inviolability. What a person is allowed to demonstrate and see is subject to public expectations. Different ideas about personal boundaries can lead to cross-cultural confl ict. It is argued that borders protect the right to privacy associated with tact, voluntary refusal to interfere in the personal affairs of another person. The observance of social distance constitutes personal freedom in both public and private space. Deprivation of privacy humiliates human dignity. Therefore, the right to private space, the ability to defend and protect personal boundaries is a necessary prerequisite for personal freedom and autonomy.
Bonapartism and Positivism
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Krotov Artem
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the problem of the relationship of two historical phenomena, which largely determined the appearance of an entire century and influenced the development of subsequent forms of culture. With the undoubted scientist orientation of positivism and Bonapartism in the middle and second half of the 19th century, the question of their kinship remains debatable. The author of the article opposes the hypothesis of the direct determining influence of positivism on Bonapartism. In order to substantiate this statement, the article considers the works of Louis Bonaparte, directly related to natural science topics. The work which was dedicated to sugar production in France essentially has political goals. Written by a political prisoner, it is directly polemical to government decisions made in France. Louis Bonaparte calls for focusing on the common interests of the country, taking into account the needs of producers, consumers and residents of the colonies of France. He gives a detailed description of the process of obtaining sugar from beets, mentions the introduced technical innovations. Political independence, in his opinion, requires the preservation and development of sugar production in the country. In his essay on the project for the construction of a canal connecting the Pacific Ocean with the Atlantic Ocean, he gives various considerations about the need for such an enterprise. In this work, Louis Bonaparte operates various geographical data, also seeks to show his acquaintance with hydraulics. He emphasizes the political importance of the project, as well as its commercial attractiveness. With positivism, the position of Louis Bonaparte brings together the idea of progress, the call to rely in public life on science that has a practical application, criticism of speculative theories. He diverges from the ancestor of positivism in assessing the role of religion and republican institutions. Louis Bonaparte did not share the theory of the three stages of Comte and his encyclopedic law. Positivism and Bonapartism as special historical phenomena of one century have some related features, but do not flow from one another.
Kemik yapımını artıran uygulamalar: derleme
Authors: Karapınar Işıl , Doğan Altan
Published: January 2025

Kemik dokusu yaşam boyunca yeniden şekillenerek sürekli olarak kendini onarır ve yeniler. Kemiğin yeniden şekillenmesinde osteoprogenitör hücreler, osteoblastlar, osteoklastlar ve osteositler görev alır. Kemiğin yeniden şekillenme süreci, dolaşımdaki çeşitli hormonlar ve diğer lokal düzenleyici faktörler tarafından düzenlenir. Travma, kalıtsal eksiklikler ve patojeniteler kemik kaybına neden olabilmektedir. Klinik pratikte ise var olan kemik kaybını onarmak ya da rejenerasyonunu sağlamak oldukça zorlayıcı bir durumdur. “Doku mühendisliği” kavramının ortaya konulmasından bu yana son 25 yıldır kemik doku rejenerasyonu için stratejiler sürekli olarak gelişmektedir. Doku mühendisliğinde kemik yapımını desteklemek amacıyla çeşitli taşıyıcı iskele sistemleri, osteojenik özelliğe sahip mezenkimal kök hücreler ve osteoindüktif özellikte olan büyüme faktörleri, ilaçlar ve hormonlar araştırma konusu olmuştur. Nanoteknolojinin de rejeneratif mühendislik alanında uygulanmaya başlanması, taşıma sistemlerinin doku rejenerasyonu için gerekli olan biyouyumluluk, kimyasal ve mekanik özelliklerinin gelişmesini sağlarken aynı zamanda osteoindüktif materyallerin ve osteojenik hücrelerin salım konsantrasyonlarının kontrol edilebilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu derleme; kemik rejenerasyonunun artırılmasında osteoindüktif materyallerin güncel literatürler doğrultusunda mekanizmalarını, etkinliklerini ve klinik kullanımdaki yerlerini ortaya koymak ve ileride yapılabilecek çalışmalara ışık tutması amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
Megalith of the Wharton's Duct: Review of Literature and a Case Report
Authors: Küçükkurt Sercan
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Sialolithiasis, the most common disorder affecting salivary glands, occurs when calcified formations obstruct the ducts or glands. Typically, these formations, known as sialoliths, measure between 5 and 10 mm; however, those exceeding 15 mm are classified as megaliths. While sialoliths commonly manifest in the submandibular glands, they can develop in any salivary gland duct, with
the Wharton’s duct of the submandibular gland being a frequent site. These stones, formed from calcified organic material within the secretory system, can lead to pain, swelling, and disruptions in saliva flow. Chronic sialolithiasis, the primary contributor to acute and chronic infections in salivary glands, is closely associated with stone formation. The precise cause remains unclear, yet
it is linked to chronic sialadenitis and partial obstruction. On the contrary, megaliths are exceptionally rare and tend to occur more frequently in male patients. The present article presents a case involving a 19 mm long megalith detected at the duct mouth of the left submandibular gland, which was treated through surgical intervention. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review on this
specific topic was conducted.
Digital Abuse: How Dark Patterns Manipulate Our Lives
Authors: Edidin Boris , Kochetkova Ksenia , Sarankina Natalia
Published: January 2025

The digital economy in Russia and abroad is of growing interest to lawmakers, especially in the context of the use of so-called ‘dark patterns' — manipulative interface solutions that influence user behavior. BigTech companies consolidate their dominant position in the market by implementing innovative practices, many of which cannot be recognized as bona fide. The most prominent example of the implementation of user retention mechanisms through embedded features is the Tik Tok platform (Dou Yin). The Tik Tok phenomenon is still being studied by experts, but one of the clues is the unique recommendation feed that dynamically adjusts to the user's interests and is endless, creating the so-called “immersion effect”. The article examines Russian and international approaches to regulating these practices. Particular attention is paid to legislative initiatives and enforcement practices aimed at protecting consumer rights and limiting the use of manipulative practices on digital platforms. The Russian legislation is still focused on certain aspects of consumer protection and countering unfair competition, while Western countries introduce specialized norms to combat “dark patterns”. The aim of the article is to examine the existing norms and suggest ways to adapt successful foreign practices to the Russian legal context.
Deepfakes: Search for a Model of Legal Regulation
Authors: Demkin Vladislav
Published: January 2025

Modern studies of law, political science and other humanities reveal a major public concern about deepfake technologies, with legal regulation thereof only emerging. This paper looks into the main models whereby such technologies are regulated in Russia, China, European Union, United States and United Kingdom. Effective regulation of technologies should have as its main goal the protection of personal rights through methods of private and public law while striking a balance between relevant interests of other subjects to social relations. The study employs a variety of methods: comparative method (to analyze how deepfake technologies are regulated under various legal systems); method of rising from the abstract to the concrete (to move from regulation of AI to specific ways of regulating deepfake technologies); and the formal dogmatic method (to analyze legal provisions and their place in the regulation of deepfake technologies). The study provides a list of parties to AI-related social relations whose interests should be accounted for in developing the underlying regulation. The author points out certain fundamental questions to be resolved for legal regulation of deepfake technologies to emerge in Russia, and concludes by proposing answers to the said questions and identifying the vector of regulatory development.
Использование Интернета людьми с инвалидностью: анализ целей и особенностей
Authors: Коржук Софья Владимировна , Бурдяк Александра Ярославовна
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена исследованию цифрового неравенства между людьми с инвалидностью и остальным населением. В центре внимания то, как люди включают цифровые технологии в свою повседневную жизнь, в каких целях они используют Интернет, и какие различия в использовании цифровых технологий наблюдаются между людьми с инвалидностью и без таковой. Анализ проведен на основе данных Выборочного федерального статистического наблюдения по вопросам использования населением информационных технологий и информационно-телекоммуникационных сетей за 2022 г. и Выборочного обследования рабочей силы за 2022 г., выборка составляет 153 тыс. респондентов в возрасте 15 лет и старше.
Показано, что в среднем люди, которым назначена инвалидность, реже включены в потребление цифровых услуг. Отчасти это может быть обусловлено цифровой пассивностью населения в старшем возрасте, так как люди с инвалидностью – значительно более возрастная категория населения. Для учета возрастной специфики применяется метод логистической регрессии, и вероятность использования Интернета сравнивается при контроле на пол, возраст, численность домашнего хозяйства, а также уровень образования, статус занятости и тип поселения. Зависимыми переменными служат дамми-переменные использования Интернета для общения, для приобретения товаров и услуг и в целях, связанных со здоровьем. Анализ с учетом демографических особенностей целевой группы показал, что при прочих равных инвалидность обусловливает значительный цифровой разрыв: люди с инвалидностью реже используют Интернет во всех перечисленных целях. Наименьшие различия наблюдаются при использовании Интернета для поиска информации о здоровье и для записи к врачу: «чистый» разрыв составляет 14-16%. В остальных случаях вероятность использования Интернета людьми с инвалидностью при прочих равных на 35-41% ниже, чем у людей без таковой.
Communication law as a new challenge for information society
Authors: Buday-Sántha Andrea
Published: January 2025

The research framework is provided by the information society, where the role and importance of communication has increased, in both economic and legal contexts. Meanwhile, the communication law has developed into a new interdisciplinary, plural, sui generis branch of the science of law that integrates normative acts related to communication into the legal system and is capable of independent value articulation. The aim of the research is to facilitate the development of the topic by providing its definitions and presenting the context and challenges of the topic. At the same time, it points out that the rise of social media, robotics, COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war are bringing about regulatory changes that require new solutions. In addition to reviewing the international and domestic literature on the topic, the author bases his findings on previous empirical research too. According to the research conclusions, the wide-ranging innovative application of information technologies and the suppression of abuses are desirable, which presupposes the further development of the legal environment, the communication law, and the elaboration of legal developments mapping out the changes. As a result of the research, it makes specific recommendations for this and develops the related theoretical areas.
National identity and ageing
Authors: Shadrina Anna
Published: January 2025

This article explores how Belarusian political actors, speaking from diverse civilisational perspectives, discuss the place of older citizens, particularly less privileged women, in society. It demonstrates how the persistent logic of Cold War geopolitics animates social hierarchies in territories positioned between Western and Russian influences. Through an analysis of state-controlled and opposition media, I find that the official national project and the ethnocentric concept of Belarusianness share a discursive construction of ‘pensioners’ as an inferior Other. Invested in confrontation with the West, the autocratic regime claims moral superiority by representing ‘pensioners’ as objects of state care. Drawing on the narrative of suffering under communism/Russian colonialism, advocates of a ‘European’ Belarus discuss older people as obstacles to democracy. By exploring the narrative of ‘in-between-ness’, which champions a democratic Belarus that belongs neither to the Soviet past/Russia nor to the West but is connected to both, I argue that rejecting binary logic in national self-determination opens up opportunities for intergroup solidarity.
Solidarity work, duty to care, and commoning during the pandemic crisis
Authors: Zentai Violetta , Feischmidt Margit
Published: January 2025

The article explores civic solidarity acts during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on qualitative research conducted in Hungary largely online, we explore how solidarity work initiated civic collaborations which reconfigured human efforts, time, and labour to mitigate crisis conditions in multiple ways and shaped the political potentials of solidarity practices. The inquiry captures different reasonings and practices in managing the division, valuation, and responsibilities in solidarity work. It also examines how the sense of the duty to care became an essential component in the pandemic operation of solidarians. We identify three different modes of articulating and organizing the duty to care in response to crisis conditions which embraced various engagements with the principles of commoning in solidarity spaces and beyond: reparative, sheltered, and transformative modes of commoning. Our inquiry also contributes to the discussions on the transformative potentials of civic experiments in collective solidarity actions in societies governed by an authoritarian regime, such as Hungary.
Quantification of timelapse 3D tumor spheroid killing activity of NK cells using a live-cell imaging system v1
Authors: Srisantitham Jakkrapatra , not provided nontaphat.tho , Suwanpitak Siriwal , not provided methichit.wat
Published: January 2025

The protocols for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), negative selection of peripheral blood NK (PB-NK) cells, expansion , and evaluation of PB-NK cells using flow cytometry are performed following our published work(1). Here, we describe the assessment of NK cell cytotoxic activities against 3D tumor spheroids, live-cell imaging utilizing EVOS M7000 imaging system, and the subsequent analysis of spheroid killing via Celleste, GraphPad Prism, and ImageJ software.
DeckLayout: automated in-solution hybridization capture (MPI-EVA method) v1
Authors: Zorn Julia , DNA Core Unit Ancient
Published: January 2025

This document provides an overview of the in-solution hybridization capture deck layout for Hamilton workstations. It is intended to help users in setting up or modifying their existing ML STAR systems. Users are advised to consult Hamilton Company to acquire the necessary carriers, modules, inserts, and accessories required for proper system configuration.
5. Analysis - Characterization of the Photon Conversion Factor, Noise, and Dynamic Range v1
Authors: McFadden David , van der Oord Kees , Acevedo-Hueso Luis-Francisco , V Avilov Sergiy , Bakker Gert-Jan , Belyaev Ivan , Berno Valeria , T Carvalho Mariana , Cesbron Yann , Chiritescu Catalin , Faklaris Orestis , Nelson Glyn , Nitschke Roland , Schroth-Diez Britta , Srinivasan Sathya , Zeug Andre , Heintzmann Rainer
Published: January 2025

The aim of this analysis is to obtain various calibration metrics from inhomogenous calibration images using the photon transfer method (McFadden et al., 2022 and Heintzmann et al., 2016). The analysis is not completely automated, and relies on users to interpret the data, identify problems and scrutinize the results. It is generally unaware of the underlying detector technology, which can affect the results. This guide therefore intends to provide an overview of the method, the choices that a user must make, how to interpret the data, and common pitfalls that should be avoided. Note that the method significantly differs from other calibration methods that use varying light levels over time (Mullikin et al., 1994, van Vliet et al., 1998, and Murray et al., 2013). It necessitates different definitions and the results will also differ. The algorithm is based on that which is described in the supplementary material of McFadden et al., 2022. A more detailed overview of the photon transfer method can be found in Photon transfer (Janesick, 2007).
Uluslararası Göçlerin Konut Fiyatları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye’nin Seçilmiş Bölgelerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar
Authors: Çelik Onur
Published: January 2025

Son yıllarda yaşanan göç hareketlerindeki büyük artış, göçün etkilerinin daha fazla hissedilmesine neden olmuştur. Türkiye ekonomisi, göçün yoğunluğu nedeniyle mevcut göç hareketlerinden etkilenen ekonomilerden biridir. Bu doğrultuda, belirtilen etkilerin olumsuz yönlerini önlemek için göç sonrası dönemlerin araştırılması kritik öneme sahiptir. Aktarılan önem doğrultusunda, bu çalışmada, uluslararası göçlerin konut fiyatları üzerindeki etkisi Türkiye’nin en çok göç alan 6 ekonomik bölgesi için araştırılmıştır. Panel veri analizinden edilen bulgulara göre uluslararası göçler konut fiyatlarını düşürmektedir. Konut faiz oranının da konut fiyatlarını azalttığı görülürken; üretici fiyat endeksi ve Kovid-19 salgınının konut fiyatlarını artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda, konut fiyatlarındaki artışın uluslararası göçlerden değil; ekonomik faktörlerden kaynaklandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sebeple konut sektöründe fiyat istikrarı için hassasiyetle ayarlanmış faiz ve para politikası önerilmektedir. Ayrıca üretici fiyatlarını artıran faktörlerin etkisini azaltmak için dönemsel ayarlamalar ve şoklara karşı ihtiyatlı ekonomi politikaları gerekmektedir.
“School Parenting”
Authors: AWUAH-GYAWU DANIEL , WHITE PETER
Published: January 2025

Mentoring is generally understood as having a positive impact on people and society. The informal system of youth mentoring among Senior High School students in Ghana is referred to in this essay as “school parenting”. This exploratory study uses Kram’s (1983:613–622) model of mentoring to investigate “school parenting,” which is discussed based on the following findings: (a) students’ experience of “school parenting” in light of Kram’s mentoring model; (b) faith and nurturing; (c) exposure to risky behaviours; (d) compassion needs; and (e) approach to social justice. The article contextualizes mentorship in campus settings and examines it from a missional perspective.
Analysis of the Application of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Intelligent Transport Systems
Authors:   ITMO University, Sysoenko M. V. , Lebedeva A. S. ,   SMTU
Published: January 2025

The intensive development of digital technologies, their active implementation in the field of transport and logistics necessitates the study of their impact on the transport system, in particular on the level of its intellectualization. This will allow us to determine which technologies of Industry 4.0 need to be implemented first of all in order to achieve the best parameters for the development of intelligent transport systems. In this regard, the paper analyzes various tech-nologies of Industry 4.0, identifies possible ways of their application to solve problems in the context of the functioning of intelligent transport systems and their elements. Based on the analysis, possible parameters of the impact of technologies on the development of intelligent transport systems are identified, which include physical and environmental safety of transport, information security, speed and accuracy of decision-making, physical safety of transport, resource efficiency, convenience and comfort, the presence of an entertainment component, etc. Based on the compari-son of the identified parameters with specific types of digital technologies, it is determined which technologies have a greater impact on the intellectualization of transport systems. These technologies include the Internet of Things, augmented reality AR and cloud solutions. The parameters that are more susceptible to the effects of digital technologies are also determined: the safety and efficiency of transport systems. The results obtained are of practical importance for the development of strategic solutions in the implementation of the concept of Industry 4.0 in the field of transport and logistics.
The Effects of Cold and Hot Applications on Knee Joint Laxity and Post-Jump Landing Biomechanics in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Kıyak Görkem , Usta Mert , Arslan Esma , Ercan Sabriye , Çömlekçi Selçuk
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effects of thermal agents applied to the knee region on the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) score and knee laxity. Participants were included in the study using a crossover randomization method and participated over three days with a two-day interval between cold, hot, and control applications. After the application sequence group for the participant was determined, descriptive data were recorded by the researcher. The range of motion (ROM) values of the participant's lower extremity joints and knee Q angle were measured using a goniometer, and Beighton criteria scores were assessed by the researcher. Following the day's application, measurements of LESS and knee laxity using a rolimeter were performed. During the cold, hot, and control applications, the ambient temperature during the application, the temperature of the applied cold/hot material, and the joint temperature before and after the application were measured using a thermal camera to ensure optimal application of the thermal agent. A total of 41 participants, 28 women (68.3%) and 13 men (31.7%), were included in the study. A statistically significant difference was observed in knee temperatures before and after the applications and in joint temperatures after hot/cold applications (p0.05). The study concluded that thermal agents applied to the knee region did not result in a significant difference in LESS scores and knee laxity.