bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Damage and Regeneration
Authors: Chatzinikita Eirini , Maridaki Maria , Palikaras Konstantinos , Koutsilieris Michael , Philippou Anastassios
Published: February 2023

Mitochondria are cellular organelles that play an essential role in generating the chemical energy needed for the biochemical reactions in cells. Mitochondrial biogenesis, i.e., de novo mitochondria formation, results in enhanced cellular respiration, metabolic processes, and ATP generation, while autophagic clearance of mitochondria (mitophagy) is required to remove damaged or useless mitochondria. The balance between the opposing processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is highly regulated and crucial for the maintenance of the number and function of mitochondria as well as for the cellular homeostasis and adaptations to metabolic demands and extracellular stimuli. In skeletal muscle, mitochondria are essential for maintaining energy homeostasis, and the mitochondrial network exhibits complex behaviors and undergoes dynamic remodeling in response to various conditions and pathologies characterized by changes in muscle cell structure and metabolism, such as exercise, muscle damage, and myopathies. In particular, the involvement of mitochondrial remodeling in mediating skeletal muscle regeneration following damage has received increased attention, as modifications in mitophagy-related signals arise from exercise, while variations in mitochondrial restructuring pathways can lead to partial regeneration and impaired muscle function. Muscle regeneration (through myogenesis) following exercise-induced damage is characterized by a highly regulated, rapid turnover of poor-functioning mitochondria, permitting the synthesis of better-functioning mitochondria to occur. Nevertheless, essential aspects of mitochondrial remodeling during muscle regeneration remain poorly understood and warrant further characterization. In this review, we focus on the critical role of mitophagy for proper muscle cell regeneration following damage, highlighting the molecular mechanisms of the mitophagy-associated mitochondrial dynamics and network reformation.
Preclinical and Clinical Trials of New Treatment Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Subtypes of Breast Cancer
Authors: Landeros Natalia , Castillo Iván , Pérez-Castro Ramón
Published: February 2023

Breast cancer (BC) can be classified into various histological subtypes, each associated with different prognoses and treatment options, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Despite advances in this area, many patients still face treatment failure, the risk of metastasis, and disease recurrence, which can ultimately lead to death. Mammary tumors, like other solid tumors, contain a population of small cells known as cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that have high tumorigenic potential and are involved in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, tumor recurrence, and resistance to therapy. Therefore, designing therapies specifically targeting at CSCs could help to control the growth of this cell population, leading to increased survival rates for BC patients. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of CSCs, their surface biomarkers, and the active signaling pathways associated with the acquisition of stemness in BC. We also cover preclinical and clinical studies that focus on evaluating new therapy systems targeted at CSCs in BC through various combinations of treatments, targeted delivery systems, and potential new drugs that inhibit the properties that allow these cells to survive and proliferate.
Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Composite Granules Enriched in Silver and Gallium Ions—Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Pajor Kamil , Pajchel Łukasz , Zgadzaj Anna , Kowalska Paulina , Kowalczuk Anna , Kolmas Joanna
Published: February 2023

Various calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite, α- and β-tricalcium phosphate, and brushite) containing silver or gallium ions were synthesized via standard methods and subjected to physicochemical analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). In the next step, the obtained calcium phosphate powders, sodium alginate, and chondroitin were used to produce composite granules. Ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can be used in local delivery systems targeting bone tissue, was loaded into the granules. The release of silver and gallium ions as well as ciprofloxacin was then examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The cytotoxicity of the granules was studied using a neutral red uptake (NRU) test and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Moreover, preliminary antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was measured. The study showed that the type of calcium phosphates enriched in silver or gallium significantly affects the release profile of these ions. Biphasic calcium phosphates also have an impact on the morphology of the granules. Most of the granules turned out to be non-toxic to mammalian cells. Microbiological tests showed high antibacterial activity against both strains of bacteria.
A Review of Homoepitaxy of III-Nitride Semiconductors by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition and the Effects on Vertical Devices
Authors: Hite Jennifer K.
Published: February 2023

This paper reviews some of the basic issues in homoepitaxial growth of III-nitrides to enable a vertical device technology. It focuses on the use of metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to grow GaN and explores the effects of the native substrate characteristics on material quality, interface composition, and device performance. A review of theoretical work understanding dopants in the ultra-wide III-nitride semiconductors, AlN and BN, is also included for future efforts expanding the technology into those materials.
Hard and Soft Tissue Asymmetry in Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Tam Tim King Man , Guo Runzhi , Liu Hao , Lin Yifan
Published: February 2023

This study aims to investigate hard and soft tissue asymmetry in skeletal Class III patients to elucidate how soft tissue thickness alters overall asymmetry and whether menton deviation is correlated with bilateral differences in hard and soft tissue prominence and soft tissue thickness. The cone-beam computed tomography data of 50 skeletal Class III adults were divided based on menton deviation into symmetric (n = 25; deviation ≤ 2.0 mm) and asymmetric (n = 25; deviation > 2.0 mm) groups. Forty-four corresponding hard and soft tissue points were identified. Bilateral hard and soft tissue prominence and soft tissue thickness were compared using paired t-tests. The correlations between bilateral differences in these variables and menton deviation were examined using Pearson’s correlation analysis. In the symmetric group, no significant bilateral differences in soft and hard tissue prominence and soft tissue thickness were observed. In the asymmetric group, both hard and soft tissue prominence were significantly greater on the deviated side than the non-deviated side at most of the points; however, no significant differences in soft tissue thickness were detected except at point 9 (ST9/ST’9, p = 0.011). The difference of hard and soft tissue prominence at point 8 (H8/H’8 and S8/S’8) was positively correlated with menton deviation, whereas the soft tissue thickness at point 5 (ST5/ST’5) and point 9 (ST9/ST’9) was negatively correlated with menton deviation (p = 0.05). Soft tissue thickness does not affect overall asymmetry in the presence of underlying hard tissue asymmetry. Soft tissue thickness at the centre of the ramus may be correlated with the degree of menton deviation in patients with asymmetry; however, this correlation needs to be confirmed by further studies.
A Parameterized Parallel Design Approach to Efficient Mapping of CNNs onto FPGA
Authors: Mao Ning , Yang Haigang , Huang Zhihong
Published: February 2023

In recent years, Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely applied to some artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as computer vision. Among many existing hardware accelerators, FPGA is regarded as a suitable platform for the implementation of CNNs because of its high energy efficiency and flexible reconfigurability. In this paper, a parameterized design approach is proposed to explore the maximum parallelism that could be possibly implemented in mapping a CNN algorithm onto targeted FPGA resources. Four types of parallelism are employed in our parameterized design to fully exploit the processing resources available in FPGA. Meanwhile, a hardware library consisting of a set of modules is established to accommodate various CNN models. Further, an algorithm is proposed to find the optimal level of parallelism dedicated to a constrained amount of resources. As a case study, the typical LeNet-5 is implemented on Xilinx Zynq7020. Compared with the existing works using the high-level synthesis design flow, our design obtains higher FPS and lower latency under the premise of using fewer LUTs and FFs.
Advances in High-Temperature Molten Salt-Based Carbon Nanofluid Research
Authors: Chen Xia , Zhang Mingxuan , Wu Yuting , Ma Chongfang
Published: February 2023

Molten salt is an excellent medium for heat transfer and storage. The unique microstructure of carbon nanomaterials leads to good mechanical stability, low density, high thermal conductivity, and high strength, etc. The addition of carbon nanomaterials to molten salt to form molten salt nanofluid can remarkably enhance the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of molten salt and reduce the molten salt viscosity, which is of great importance to increase the heat storage density and reduce the heat storage cost. Nevertheless, some challenges remain in the study of such nanofluids. The main challenge is the dispersion stability of carbon nanomaterials. Therefore, to improve research on carbon nanofluids, this paper summarizes the progress of carbon-based molten salt nanofluid research worldwide including the preparation methods of molten salt nanofluids, the improvement of heat transfer performance, and the improvement of heat storage performance. The effects of carbon nanoparticle concentration, size, and type on the heat transfer and storage performance of molten salt are derived, and the effects of nanoparticle shape on the heat transfer performance of molten salt are analyzed while more promising preparation methods for carbon-based molten salt nanofluids are proposed. In addition, the future problems that need to be solved for high-temperature molten salt-based carbon nanofluids are briefly discussed.
Hermetia illucens for Replacing Fishmeal in Aquafeeds: Effects on Fish Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Gene Expression in the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model
Authors: Barca Amilcare , Abramo Francesca , Nazerian Sareh , Coppola Francesca , Sangiacomo Chiara , Bibbiani Carlo , Licitra Rosario , Susini Francesca , Verri Tiziano , Fronte Baldassare
Published: February 2023

For improving aquafeed sustainability, insect meal is currently considered the most promising alternative to fishmeal. However, in this regard, more data are still necessary to avoid possible negative impacts on fish growth performance, metabolism, and welfare. The present study investigated the effects of increasing the inclusion of Hermetia illucens meal (0%, 17%, 33% and 50% of the feed, equating to 0%, 34%, 66% and 100% fishmeal replacement) on fish mortality, growth performance, intestine morphology, and gene expression of intestinal carriers. The results showed no adverse effects on fish mortality, feed intake and body weight and a positive effect on feed conversion ratio. Body weight gain was higher when 17% and 50% of Black soldier fly meals’ feed included (34% and 100% fishmeal replacement, respectively). Gut morphology was not affected by the dietary treatments except for the area of PAS-positive goblet cells that was higher in the treatment fed 33% of insect meal. The mRNA expression of intestinal epithelium functionality-specific marker genes, such as slc15a1 (alias pept1, alias slc15a1b), gata4 and nfkb1b, confirmed that the insect meal-based diets might replace fishmeal-based diets without negative effects. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that using Hermetia illucens larvae meal as a replacement for fishmeal in aquafeeds might help to enhance sustainability while assuring favorable fish growth performance and gut health.
Theoretical Estimates of the Critical Reynolds Number in the Flow around the Sphere on the Basis of Theory of Stochastic Equations and Equivalence of Measures
Authors: Dmitrenko Artur V. , Ovsyannikov Vladislav M.
Published: February 2023

The aim of this investigation is to show the solution for the critical Reynolds number in the flow around the sphere on the basis of theory of stochastic equations and equivalence of measures between turbulent and laminar motions. Solutions obtained by numerical methods (DNS, LES, RANS) require verification and in this case the theoretical results have special value. For today in the scientific literature, there is J. Talor’s implicit formula connecting the critical Reynolds number with the parameters of the initial fluctuations in the flow around the sphere. Here the derivation of the explicit formula is presented. The results show a satisfactory correspondence of the obtained theoretical dependence for the critical Reynolds number to the experiments in the flow around the sphere.
A Study of Fractional-Order Memristive Ant Colony Algorithm: Take Fracmemristor into Swarm Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Wuyang , Pu Yifei
Published: February 2023

As the fourth fundamental circuit element, the memristor may execute computations while storing data. Fracmemristor takes advantage of the fractional calculate’s long-term memory, non-locality, weak singularity, and the memristor’s storage–computational integration. Since the physical structure of the fracmemristor is similar to the topology of the ant transfer probability flow in ACO, we propose the fractional-order memristive ant colony algorithm (FMAC), which uses the fracmemristor physical system to record the probabilistic transfer information of the nodes that the ant will crawl through in the future and pass it to the current node of the ant, so that the ant acquires the ability to predict the future transfer. After instigating the optimization capabilities with TSP, we discovered that FMAC is superior to PACO-3opt, the best integer-order ant colony algorithm currently available. FMAC operates substantially more quickly than the fractional-order memristor ant colony algorithm due to the transfer probability prediction module based on the physical fracmemristor system (FACA).
Genome-Wide Landscape of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs during Testicular Development of Yak
Authors: La Yongfu , Ma Xiaoming , Bao Pengjia , Chu Min , Yan Ping , Liang Chunnian , Guo Xian
Published: February 2023

Testicular development is a tightly regulated process in mammals. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of yak testicular development will benefit the yak breeding industry. However, the roles of different RNAs, such as mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the testicular development of yak, are still largely unclear. In this study, transcriptome analyses were performed on the expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in testis tissues of Ashidan yak at different developmental stages, including 6-months-old (M6), 18-months-old (M18), and 30-months-old (M30). A total of 30, 23, and 277 common differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs were identified in M6, M18, and M30, respectively. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis showed that the common DE mRNAs during the entire developmental process were mainly involved in gonadal mesoderm development, cell differentiation, and spermatogenesis processes. Additionally, co-expression network analysis identified the potential lncRNAs related to spermatogenesis, e.g., TCONS_00087394 and TCONS_00012202. Our study provides new information about changes in RNA expression during yak testicular development, which greatly improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating testicular development in yaks.
Design and Validation of a Custom Next-Generation Sequencing Panel in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Gil José Vicente , Such Esperanza , Sargas Claudia , Simarro Javier , Miralles Alberto , Pérez Gema , de Juan Inmaculada , Palanca Sarai , Avetisyan Gayane , Santiago Marta , Fuentes Carolina , Fernández José María , Vicente Ana Isabel , Romero Samuel , Llop Marta , Barragán Eva
Published: February 2023

The molecular landscape of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is highly heterogeneous, and genetic lesions are clinically relevant for diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment guidance. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become an essential tool for clinical laboratories, where disease-targeted panels are able to capture the most relevant alterations in a cost-effective and fast way. However, comprehensive ALL panels assessing all relevant alterations are scarce. Here, we design and validate an NGS panel including single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertion–deletions (indels), copy number variations (CNVs), fusions, and gene expression (ALLseq). ALLseq sequencing metrics were acceptable for clinical use and showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for virtually all types of alterations. The limit of detection was established at a 2% variant allele frequency for SNVs and indels, and at a 0.5 copy number ratio for CNVs. Overall, ALLseq is able to provide clinically relevant information to more than 83% of pediatric patients, making it an attractive tool for the molecular characterization of ALL in clinical settings.
TERT Extra-Telomeric Roles: Antioxidant Activity and Mitochondrial Protection
Authors: Marinaccio Jessica , Micheli Emanuela , Udroiu Ion , Di Nottia Michela , Carrozzo Rosalba , Baranzini Nicolò , Grimaldi Annalisa , Leone Stefano , Moreno Sandra , Muzzi Maurizio , Sgura Antonella
Published: February 2023

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, which adds telomeric DNA repeats on chromosome ends to counteract telomere shortening. In addition, there is evidence of TERT non-canonical functions, among which is an antioxidant role. In order to better investigate this role, we tested the response to X-rays and H2O2 treatment in hTERT-overexpressing human fibroblasts (HF-TERT). We observed in HF-TERT a reduced induction of reactive oxygen species and an increased expression of the proteins involved in the antioxidant defense. Therefore, we also tested a possible role of TERT inside mitochondria. We confirmed TERT mitochondrial localization, which increases after oxidative stress (OS) induced by H2O2 treatment. We next evaluated some mitochondrial markers. The basal mitochondria quantity appeared reduced in HF-TERT compared to normal fibroblasts and an additional reduction was observed after OS; nevertheless, the mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology were better conserved in HF-TERT. Our results suggest a protective function of TERT against OS, also preserving mitochondrial functionality.
Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Microglial and Caspase3 Activation in the Retina
Authors: Kovács-Öller Tamás , Zempléni Renáta , Balogh Boglárka , Szarka Gergely , Fazekas Bálint , Tengölics Ádám J. , Amrein Krisztina , Czeiter Endre , Hernádi István , Büki András , Völgyi Béla
Published: February 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the main causes of sudden death after head trauma. These injuries can result in severe degeneration and neuronal cell death in the CNS, including the retina, which is a crucial part of the brain responsible for perceiving and transmitting visual information. The long-term effects of mild–repetitive TBI (rmTBI) are far less studied thus far, even though damage induced by repetitive injuries occurring in the brain is more common, especially amongst athletes. rmTBI can also have a detrimental effect on the retina and the pathophysiology of these injuries is likely to differ from severe TBI (sTBI) retinal injury. Here, we show how rmTBI and sTBI can differentially affect the retina. Our results indicate an increase in the number of activated microglial cells and Caspase3-positive cells in the retina in both traumatic models, suggesting a rise in the level of inflammation and cell death after TBI. The pattern of microglial activation appears distributed and widespread but differs amongst the various retinal layers. sTBI induced microglial activation in both the superficial and deep retinal layers. In contrast to sTBI, no significant change occurred following the repetitive mild injury in the superficial layer, only the deep layer (spanning from the inner nuclear layer to the outer plexiform layer) shows microglial activation. This difference suggests that alternate response mechanisms play a role in the case of the different TBI incidents. The Caspase3 activation pattern showed a uniform increase in both the superficial and deep layers of the retina. This suggests a different action in the course of the disease in sTBI and rmTBI models and points to the need for new diagnostic procedures. Our present results suggest that the retina might serve as such a model of head injuries since the retinal tissue reacts to both forms of TBI and is the most accessible part of the human brain.
Growth and Molecular Responses of Tomato to Prolonged and Short-Term Heat Exposure
Authors: Tokić Mirta , Leljak Levanić Dunja , Ludwig-Müller Jutta , Bauer Nataša
Published: February 2023

Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetables for human consumption. In the Mediterranean’s semi-arid and arid regions, where tomatoes are grown in the field, global average surface temperatures are predicted to increase. We investigated tomato seed germination at elevated temperatures and the impact of two different heat regimes on seedlings and adult plants. Selected exposures to 37 °C and heat waves at 45 °C mirrored frequent summer conditions in areas with a continental climate. Exposure to 37 °C or 45 °C differently affected seedlings’ root development. Both heat stresses inhibited primary root length, while lateral root number was significantly suppressed only after exposure to 37 °C. Heat stress treatments induced significant accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and reduced abscisic acid (ABA) levels in seedlings. As opposed to the heat wave treatment, exposure to 37 °C increased the accumulation of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), which may have been involved in the root architecture modification of seedlings. Generally, more drastic phenotypic changes (chlorosis and wilting of leaves and bending of stems) were found in both seedlings and adult plants after the heat wave-like treatment. This was also reflected by proline, malondialdehyde and heat shock protein HSP90 accumulation. The gene expression of heat stress-related transcription factors was perturbed and DREB1 was shown to be the most consistent heat stress marker.
Myostatin Overexpression and Smad Pathway in Detrusor Derived from Pediatric Patients with End-Stage Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
Authors: Salemi Souzan , Schori Larissa J. , Gerwinn Tim , Horst Maya , Eberli Daniel
Published: February 2023

Cell therapies and tissue engineering approaches using smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may provide treatment alternatives for end-stage lower urinary tract dysfunction (ESLUTD). Myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle mass, is a promising target to improve muscle function through tissue engineering. The ultimate goal of our project was to investigate the expression of myostatin and its potential impact in SMCs derived from healthy pediatric bladders and pediatric ESLUTD patients. Human bladder tissue samples were evaluated histologically, and SMCs were isolated and characterized. The proliferation of SMCs was assessed by WST-1 assay. The expression pattern of myostatin, its pathway and the contractile phenotype of the cells were investigated at gene and protein levels by real-time PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, WES and gel contraction assay. Our results show that myostatin is expressed in human bladder smooth muscle tissue and in isolated SMCs at gene and protein levels. A higher expression of myostatin was detected in ESLUTD-derived compared to control SMCs. Histological assessment of bladder tissue confirmed structural changes and decreased muscle-to-collagen ratios in ESLUTD bladders. A decrease in cell proliferation and in the expression of key contractile genes and proteins, α-SMA, calponin, smoothelin and MyH11, as well as a lower degree of in vitro contractility was observed in ESLUTD-derived compared to control SMCs. A reduction in the myostatin-related proteins Smad 2 and follistatin, and an upregulation in the proteins p-Smad 2 and Smad 7 were observed in ESLUTD SMC samples. This is the first demonstration of myostatin expression in bladder tissue and cells. The increased expression of myostatin and the changes in the Smad pathways were observed in ESLUTD patients. Therefore, myostatin inhibitors could be considered for the enhancement of SMCs for tissue engineering applications and as a therapeutic option for patients with ESLUTD and other smooth muscle disorders.
Intracellular Helix-Loop-Helix Domain Modulates Inactivation Kinetics of Mammalian TRPV5 and TRPV6 Channels
Authors: Flores-Aldama Lisandra , Bustos Daniel , Cabezas-Bratesco Deny , Gonzalez Wendy , Brauchi Sebastian E.
Published: February 2023

TRPV5 and TRPV6 are calcium-selective ion channels expressed at the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Important for systemic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, these channels are considered gatekeepers of this cation transcellular transport. Intracellular Ca2+ exerts a negative control over the activity of these channels by promoting inactivation. TRPV5 and TRPV6 inactivation has been divided into fast and slow phases based on their kinetics. While slow inactivation is common to both channels, fast inactivation is characteristic of TRPV6. It has been proposed that the fast phase depends on Ca2+ binding and that the slow phase depends on the binding of the Ca2+/Calmodulin complex to the internal gate of the channels. Here, by means of structural analyses, site-directed mutagenesis, electrophysiology, and molecular dynamic simulations, we identified a specific set of amino acids and interactions that determine the inactivation kinetics of mammalian TRPV5 and TRPV6 channels. We propose that the association between the intracellular helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain and the TRP domain helix (TDh) favors the faster inactivation kinetics observed in mammalian TRPV6 channels.
Biocatalysis: An Eco-Friendly Scenario for the Manufacturing of APIs
Authors: Fernández-Lucas Jesús
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, the worldwide demand for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) requires novel, cost-effective, safe, and environmentally friendly synthetic processes [...]
The Prognostic Significance of Early Glycemic Profile in Acute Ischemic Stroke Depends on Stroke Subtype
Authors: Forti Paola , Maioli Fabiola
Published: February 2023

It is still unclear whether early glycemic profile after admission for acute ischemic stroke (IS) has the same prognostic significance in patients with lacunar and non-lacunar infarction. Data from 4011 IS patients admitted to a Stroke Unit (SU) were retrospectively analyzed. Lacunar IS was diagnosed by clinical criteria. A continuous indicator of early glycemic profile was calculated as the difference of fasting serum glucose (FSG) measured within 48 h after admission and random serum glucose (RSG) measured on admission. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association with a combined poor outcome defined as early neurological deterioration, severe stroke at SU discharge, or 1-month mortality. Among patients without hypoglycemia (RSG and FSG > 3.9 mmol/L), an increasing glycemic profile increased the likelihood of a poor outcome for non-lacunar (OR, 1.38, 95%CI, 1.24–1.52 in those without diabetes; 1.11, 95%CI, 1.05–1.18 in those with diabetes) but not for lacunar IS. Among patients without sustained or delayed hyperglycemia (FSG < 7.8 mmol/L), an increasing glycemic profile was unrelated to outcome for non-lacunar IS but decreased the likelihood of poor outcome for lacunar IS (OR, 0.63, 95%CI, 0.41–0.98). Early glycemic profile after acute IS has a different prognostic significance in non-lacunar and lacunar patients.
Sonographic Features of Onychopapilloma: A Single Center Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Mattioli Maria A. , Aromolo Italo F. , Spigariolo Cristina B. , Marzano Angelo V. , Nazzaro Gianluca
Published: February 2023

(1) Background: Onychopapilloma is a benign tumor of the nail bed and distal matrix. which usually manifests as monodactylous longitudinal eryhtronychia associated with subungual hyperkeratosis. The impossibility to rule out a malignant neoplasm is an indication for surgical excision and histological examination. Our aim is to report and describe the ultrasonographic features of onychopapilloma. (2) Methods: we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with a histological diagnosis of onychopapilloma who underwent ultrasonographic examination in our Dermatology Unit from January 2019 to December 2021. (3) Results: Six patients were enrolled. Erythronychia, melanonychia, and splinter hemorrhages were the main dermoscopical findings. Ultrasonography detected nail bed dishomogeneity in three patients (50%) and a distal hyperechoic mass (5 patients, 83.3%). Color Doppler imaging did not show vascular flow in any of the cases. (4) Conclusions: the detection of a subungual distal non-vascularized hyperechoic mass by US, together with classical onychopapilloma clinical features, supports the diagnosis, especially in those patients who were unable to perform excisional biopsy.
Non-Surgical Management of Upper Cervical Instability via Improved Cervical Lordosis: A Case Series of Adult Patients
Authors: Katz Evan A. , Katz Seana B. , Freeman Michael D.
Published: February 2023

Injury to the head and neck resulting from whiplash trauma can result in upper cervical instability (UCIS), in which excessive movement at C1 on C2 is observed radiologically. In some cases of UCIS there is also a loss of normal cervical lordosis. We postulate that improvement or restoration of the normal mid to lower cervical lordosis in patients with UCIS can improve the biomechanical function of the upper cervical spine, and thus potentially improve symptoms and radiographic findings associated with UCIS. Nine patients with both radiographically confirmed UCIS and loss of cervical lordosis underwent a chiropractic treatment regimen directed primarily at the restoration of the normal cervical lordotic curve. In all nine cases, significant improvements in radiographic indicators of both cervical lordosis and UCIS were observed, along with symptomatic and functional improvement. Statistical analysis of the radiographic data revealed a significant correlation (R2 = 0.46, p = 0.04) between improved cervical lordosis and reduction in measurable instability, determined by C1 lateral mass overhang on C2 with lateral flexion. These observations suggest that enhancing cervical lordosis can contribute to improvement in signs and symptoms of upper cervical instability secondary to traumatic injury.
Effect of High-Flow Nasal Oxygenation on Gastric Insufflation in Patients Undergoing Laryngeal Microsurgery under Tubeless General Anesthesia with Neuromuscular Blockade
Authors: Chang Min Ying , Kwak Hyun Jeong , Kim Jong Yeop , Park Ji Young , Park Hee Yeon , Yi In Kyong
Published: February 2023

Background: High-flow nasal oxygenation is an oxygen delivery method by which high concentrations of heated humidified oxygen are supplied via the nasal cavity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-flow nasal oxygenation on gastric volume change in adult patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery under tubeless general anesthesia with neuromuscular blockade. Methods: Patients aged 19–80 years with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2 who were scheduled to undergo laryngoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were recruited. Patients received high-flow nasal oxygenation therapy at 70 L/min during surgery under general anesthesia with neuromuscular blockade. The cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum was measured via ultrasound in the right lateral position before and after high-flow nasal oxygenation, and the gastric volume was calculated. The duration of apnea, i.e., the duration of administration of high-flow nasal oxygenation in the paralyzed state, was also recorded. Results: Of the 45 patients enrolled, 44 completed the study. There were no significant differences in the antral cross-sectional area in the right lateral position, gastric volume, and gastric volume per kg between before and after high-flow nasal oxygenation application. The median duration of apnea was 15 (interquartile range, 14–22) min. Conclusion: High-flow nasal oxygenation at 70 L/min during apnea with the mouth open did not influence the gastric volume in patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery under tubeless general anesthesia with neuromuscular blockade.
Towards Automation in IVF: Pre-Clinical Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Embryo Grading System during PGT-A Cycles
Authors: Cimadomo Danilo , Chiappetta Viviana , Innocenti Federica , Saturno Gaia , Taggi Marilena , Marconetto Anabella , Casciani Valentina , Albricci Laura , Maggiulli Roberta , Coticchio Giovanni , Ahlström Aisling , Berntsen Jørgen , Larman Mark , Borini Andrea , Vaiarelli Alberto , Ubaldi Filippo Maria , Rienzi Laura
Published: February 2023

Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) is arguably the most effective embryo selection strategy. Nevertheless, it requires greater workload, costs, and expertise. Therefore, a quest towards user-friendly, non-invasive strategies is ongoing. Although insufficient to replace PGT-A, embryo morphological evaluation is significantly associated with embryonic competence, but scarcely reproducible. Recently, artificial intelligence-powered analyses have been proposed to objectify and automate image evaluations. iDAScore v1.0 is a deep-learning model based on a 3D convolutional neural network trained on time-lapse videos from implanted and non-implanted blastocysts. It is a decision support system for ranking blastocysts without manual input. This retrospective, pre-clinical, external validation included 3604 blastocysts and 808 euploid transfers from 1232 cycles. All blastocysts were retrospectively assessed through the iDAScore v1.0; therefore, it did not influence embryologists’ decision-making process. iDAScore v1.0 was significantly associated with embryo morphology and competence, although AUCs for euploidy and live-birth prediction were 0.60 and 0.66, respectively, which is rather comparable to embryologists’ performance. Nevertheless, iDAScore v1.0 is objective and reproducible, while embryologists’ evaluations are not. In a retrospective simulation, iDAScore v1.0 would have ranked euploid blastocysts as top quality in 63% of cases with one or more euploid and aneuploid blastocysts, and it would have questioned embryologists’ ranking in 48% of cases with two or more euploid blastocysts and one or more live birth. Therefore, iDAScore v1.0 may objectify embryologists’ evaluations, but randomized controlled trials are required to assess its clinical value.
Infant Perioperative Risk Factors and Adverse Brain Findings Following Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia Repair
Authors: Kagan Mackenzie Shea , Wang Jue Teresa , Pier Danielle Bennett , Zurakowski David , Jennings Russell William , Bajic Dusica
Published: February 2023

Recent findings implicate brain vulnerability following long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) repair. We explored the relationship between easily quantifiable clinical measures and previously reported brain findings in a pilot cohort of infants following LGEA repair. MRI measures (number of qualitative brain findings; normalized brain and corpus callosum volumes) were previously reported in term-born and early-to-late premature infants (n = 13/group) <1 year following LGEA repair with the Foker process. The severity of underlying disease was classified by an (1) American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status and (2) Pediatric Risk Assessment (PRAm) scores. Additional clinical end-point measures included: anesthesia exposure (number of events; cumulative minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) exposure in hours), length (in days) of postoperative intubated sedation, paralysis, antibiotic, steroid, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) treatment. Associations between clinical end-point measures and brain MRI data were tested using Spearman rho and multivariable linear regression. Premature infants were more critically ill per ASA scores, which showed a positive association with the number of cranial MRI findings. Clinical end-point measures together significantly predicted the number of cranial MRI findings for both term-born and premature infant groups, but none of the individual clinical measures did on their own. Listed easily quantifiable clinical end-point measures could be used together as indirect markers in assessing the risk of brain abnormalities following LGEA repair.
Analysis of Bacterial Biofilm Formation and MUC5AC and MUC5B Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients
Authors: Popov Georgi , Aleksandrov Radoslav , Petkova Veronika , Kaneva Radka , Gergova Raina , Kundurzhiev Todor , Popova Diana
Published: February 2023

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a condition affecting as much as 16% of the adult population in developed countries with many factors attributed to its development, including the more recently proposed role of bacterial biofilm infections. Plenty of research has been conducted on biofilms in CRS and the causes behind the development of such an infection in the nasal cavity and sinuses. One such probable cause is the production of mucin glycoproteins by the mucosa of the nasal cavity. To investigate the possible link between biofilm formation and mucin expression levels and their relationship with CRS etiology, we examined samples from 85 patients by means of spinning disk confocal microscopy (SDCM) to establish their biofilm status and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to determine MUC5AC and MUC5B expression levels. We observed a significantly higher prevalence of bacterial biofilms in the CRS patient group compared to the control group. In addition, we detected higher expression levels of MUC5B but not MUC5AC in the CRS group, which suggested a possible role for MUC5B in CRS development. Finally, we found no direct relationship between biofilm presence and mucin expression levels, thereby showing a multifaceted connection between these two major factors implicated in CRS etiology.
Effects of Atrial Fibrillation Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients Aged > 75 Years Undergoing Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Rostagno Carlo , Tozzetti Camilla , Carone Enrico , Stefàno Pierluigi
Published: February 2023

Background: Few data exist about the efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) maze procedures in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing surgery for mitral valve disease. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of AF ablation associated with mitral valve surgery on the recovery and long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm in elderly patients aged > 75 years. Moreover, we evaluated the effects on survival. Methods and results: This study included 96 consecutive patients with AF (42 men and 56 women) aged > 75 years (mean age 78 ± 3) who underwent RF ablation associated with mitral valve surgery (group I). This group was compared to 209 younger patients (mean age 65 ± 8 years) treated in the same period (group II). Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were similar in the two groups. Four patients died during hospitalization, one aged > 75 years. In surviving patients at the end of the follow-up period, sinus rhythm was present respectively in 64% of the elderly and 74% of younger patients (p = 0.778). The rate of persistence of sinus rhythm without AF recurrences (38% vs. 41%, p = 0.705) was similar in the two groups. After surgery, sinus rhythm was frequently never regained in aged patients (27% vs. 20%, p = 0.231). Elderly patients more frequently needed permanent pacing and had more hospitalizations and a higher number of non-AF atrial tachyarrhythmias. At eight-year follow-up, survival was lower in older patients (48% aged > 75 vs. 79% aged < 75 years). Conclusion: Elderly patients had a similar long-term rate of stable sinus rhythm maintenance in comparison to younger patients after AF radiofrequency ablation associated with mitral valve surgery. However, they needed more frequent permanent pacing and had higher rates of hospitalizations and post-procedural atrial tachyarrhythmias. The effects of survival are difficult to evaluate due to the different life expectancies of the two groups.
Artificial Intelligence for Personalised Ophthalmology Residency Training
Authors: Muntean George Adrian , Groza Adrian , Marginean Anca , Slavescu Radu Razvan , Steiu Mihnea Gabriel , Muntean Valentin , Nicoara Simona Delia
Published: February 2023

Residency training in medicine lays the foundation for future medical doctors. In real-world settings, training centers face challenges in trying to create balanced residency programs, with cases encountered by residents not always being fairly distributed among them. In recent years, there has been a tremendous advancement in developing artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms with human expert guidance for medical imaging segmentation, classification, and prediction. In this paper, we turned our attention from training machines to letting them train us and developed an AI framework for personalised case-based ophthalmology residency training. The framework is built on two components: (1) a deep learning (DL) model and (2) an expert-system-powered case allocation algorithm. The DL model is trained on publicly available datasets by means of contrastive learning and can classify retinal diseases from color fundus photographs (CFPs). Patients visiting the retina clinic will have a CFP performed and afterward, the image will be interpreted by the DL model, which will give a presumptive diagnosis. This diagnosis is then passed to a case allocation algorithm which selects the resident who would most benefit from the specific case, based on their case history and performance. At the end of each case, the attending expert physician assesses the resident’s performance based on standardised examination files, and the results are immediately updated in their portfolio. Our approach provides a structure for future precision medical education in ophthalmology.
Visual Rehabilitation in Post Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Case-Based Review
Authors: López-de-la-Fuente Carmen , Barriga-Longás Hermes , Orduna-Hospital Elvira
Published: February 2023

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause visual dysfunction affecting binocularity, spatial orientation, posture, and balance. Currently, there are several options for treating manifested visual disturbances; vision therapy is one of the possible treatment options. Methods: A 14-year-old female fainted and sustained trauma to the upper-temporal part of her right eyebrow. The patient presented with eye pain, a decreased visual field, and blurred vision and she exhibited great difficulties when reading. Both neurological tests and exploration of the anterior and posterior ocular segments showed results within normal limits. The patient was diagnosed with fusional vergence dysfunction, associated with accommodative infacility and oculomotor dysfunction. To eliminate her symptoms, a visual rehabilitation program was implemented; it consisted of accommodative, anti-suppressive, vergential, motility, hand–eye coordination, and peripheral vision exercises. Results: The symptoms manifested by the patient gradually dissipated throughout the course of therapy. However, not all optometric parameters reached normal values after visual therapy, which could indicate a traumatic injury that limited the achievement of normal optometric ranges. Conclusions: After a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), it is necessary to carry out a complete examination of the patient’s visual function. This visual examination must include an analysis of vergences, ocular motility, and the accommodative system to obtain an accurate diagnosis. The outcomes of the present clinical case imply that visual therapy should be considered as a treatment in cases of mTBIs.
EMG Amplitude–Force Relationship of Lumbar Back Muscles during Isometric Submaximal Tasks in Healthy Inactive, Endurance and Strength-Trained Subjects
Authors: Schönau Tim , Anders Christoph
Published: February 2023

Previous data suggest a correlation between the cross-sectional area of Type II muscle fibers and the degree of non-linearity of the EMG amplitude–force relationship (AFR). In this study we investigated whether the AFR of back muscles could be altered systematically by using different training modalities. We investigated 38 healthy male subjects (aged 19–31 years) who regularly performed either strength or endurance training (ST and ET, n = 13 each) or were physically inactive (controls (C), n = 12). Graded submaximal forces on the back were applied by defined forward tilts in a full-body training device. Surface EMG was measured utilizing a monopolar 4 × 4 quadratic electrode scheme in the lower back area. The polynomial AFR slopes were determined. Between-group tests revealed significant differences for ET vs. ST and C vs. ST comparisons at the medial and caudal electrode positions, but not for ET vs. C. Further, systematic main effects of the “electrode position” could be proven for ET and C groups with decreasing x2 coefficients from cranial to caudal and lateral to medial. For ST, there was no systematic main effect of the “electrode position”. The results point towards training-related changes to the fiber-type composition of muscles in the strength-trained participants, particularly for their paravertebral region.
Unilateral Pleural Effusion after Third Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination: Case Report
Authors: Athanasiou Nikolaos K. , Antonoglou Archontoula , Ioannou Marios , Jahaj Edison , Katsaounou Paraskevi
Published: February 2023

Vaccination remains the best strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of prevention. The efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines is supported by well-designed clinical trials that recruited many participants. It is well-known that vaccination is associated with local side effects related to the injection site, and mild, systemic side effects. However, there has been an increase in the occurrence of what is known as infrequent adverse effects in the population of vaccinated individuals in real life. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with no past medical history, who presented with a sharp chest pain with deep inspiration, a few days after receiving the third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). There is an association between the BNT16b2 vaccination and myocarditis, pericarditis, and even bilateral pleural effusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report featuring a unilateral pleural effusion in a patient with no known past medical history, who did not develop cardiac involvement nor have any viral infection. The aim of our report is to inform health professionals of the possibility of encountering this rare adverse event in their daily practice, as the population of individuals who are receiving additional vaccine doses is increasing steadily.