bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical assessment of occupational health hazard in hospitality industry in Kano state, Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Yusuf M. , Garba Hamza , Baba Ibrahim , Musa Abuhuraira Ado , Muhammad Faisal
Published: July 2021

Background: It is a known fact that different occupations are occupied with different forms of hazard. Regardless to the nature, size and the enterprise scope of operation, the occupations available in the enterprise are no doubt associated with one form of hazard or the other. The purpose of this study was to critically assess the occupational hazard in hospitality industry in Kano state.

Methods: A total of 384 people from the selected hotels were recruited to form the sample of the study using simple random sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection in the study was self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.  

Results: In this study 50.0% of the respondents were ≤25 years and 54.9% of the respondents were male. More than three-fifths (64.0%) were civil servants, and most of the respondents (63.0%) were single. About 53.4% of them had tertiary level of education and above. Slightly below four-fifths (79.9%) of the respondents knew about physical work hazard and 75.0% of them were aware that physical work hazard can cause ailment and subsequently ill-health to employees and customers. Close to seven-tenths (69.8%) of the respondents understood what is meant by biological factors when issue relating to work hazard is being addressed. Little above half (53.4%) of the respondents knew what chemical hazard is all about and 75.8% of the respondents mentioned that if workable measures are implemented, this will reduce the occurrence of work related hazards.
Conclusions: There is lack of proper knowledge regarding the physical, chemical and biological hazards among the study participants. Government must provide suitable and enforcement laws that will enforce laws towards sustainable organizational safety.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting among the community pharmacies in Dharan
Authors: Alam Kadir , Karki Badri , Gupta Amit Kumar , Sarraf Deependra Prasad , Wagle Subash
Published: July 2021

Background: Community pharmacist’s (CPs) knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions (ADR) play a vital role in preventing harmful effects of medicine. The objective was to assess the KAP of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting among CP.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 132 CP in Dharan between February-March 2019 by using a self-administered 25-item semi-structured questionnaire. The KAP score was categorized as good (score 13-25) and poor (score 0-12). The descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft excel 2010.

Results: Out of 132 pharmacies, only 77 responded giving a response rate of 58.3%. There were 45 (58.4%) male. Majority of the participants (45, 58.4%) had completed diploma in pharmacy course. Only 23 (29.9%) respondents gave the correct responses regarding the definition of pharmacovigilance and 23.4% were aware of the national pharmacovigilance centre. 50.9% agreed that reporting of ADRs is a part of pharmacist duty and it was important to report ADRs and was leading cause of hospitalization. Sixty three (81.8%) participants had never ever been trained on how to report ADR. Seventy (90.9%) participants were willing to report ADR, however, 51 (66.2%) had never seen the ADR reporting form. Only 3 (3.9%) participants had good KAP score (23.33±1.54).

Conclusions: Despite of relatively better attitude towards pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting, they had a limited knowledge and practice with regard to ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance. The study findings highlights the need to strengthen the community pharmacovigilance program for safer medication use at the community level.
Assessment of veterinary drugs dispensing practices in veterinary clinics in Gondar town, North West Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
Authors: Kidanu Birhanu Berihun , Cay Dak Chuol , Kifle Zemene Demelash
Published: July 2021

Background: Dispensing practice plays a major role in the provision of rational drug therapy. This study aimed to assess the veterinary drug dispensing practice by pharmacists and other veterinarian assistance in veterinary clinic Gondar town.

Methods: A cross-sectional prospective descriptive study was carried out in the OPD of three public veterinary clinics in Gondar town for three months. The health facility indicators were examined by ensuring the good dispensing practices in three veterinary clinic and availability of essential drug list.

Results: The average consultation time was 13 min and 50 sec. The average dispensing time was 5 min and 3 sec calculated from 100 prescriptions. The percentage of drugs dispensed was 97.50% and percentage of drugs adequately labeled was high from the dispensed drugs (74.4%). The average patients with drug dosage knowledge were very low (25%). The result of the study revealed that the two veterinary clinic health facilities do not have any essential drug list. Out of three, one of them has a key drug from the WHO list 1 (30%) drug was available.

Conclusions: The overall good dispensing practices at three veterinary clinics is low. Training, supportive supervision through continuous medical education, regular up-to-date medicine information and standard treatment guideline, and therapeutic audit are required for improvement of medicine use by prescriber and dispensers.
The role of oxidants and antioxidative parameters in patients with hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Bahcebasi Sami , Baskol Gulden , Baskol Mevult
Published: July 2021

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis. Changes in the oxidative and anti-oxidative system and nitric oxide levels in brain tissue contribute to the development of symptoms related to HE and HE. Purpose of the study to reveal the alterations in oxidative, anti-oxidative system and nitric oxide levels in cirrhotic patients during and after hepatic encephalopathy periods.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled double-blind study conducted in Erciyes University Hospital between 3 July 2010 and 30 March 2011. We investigated the oxidative and anti-oxidative stress parameters by quantification of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total thiol and xanthine oxidase (XO) levels in serum. We compared the group of patients with hepatic encephalopathy, post-hepatic encephalopathy (clinically recovered) and control groups (healthy control).  

Results: Thirty hepatic encephalopathy patients were studied. Serum levels of nitric oxide and xanthine oxidase were statistically significantly high in the hepatic encephalopathy group according to control group (p<0.031, and p<0.001, respectively). Serum thiol levels were significantly low in hepatic encephalopathy patients than the controls (p<0.001). Total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were not significantly different in hepatic encephalopathy group than the controls. Serum thiol levels were low and serum NO levels were high in recovered clinically from hepatic encephalopathy group according to control group currently (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase levels were similar in both groups (p>0.05). Total antioxidant capacity and especially xanthine oxidase levels were significantly decreased in recovered clinically from hepatic encephalopathy group compared to hepatic encephalopathy group (p<0.05, p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions: Oxidative system, in   systemic circulation, is activated during hepatic encephalopathy and changes in XO level during and after hepatic encephalopathy is very different. This parameter may be a potential marker in differential diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy from other coma causes. Further investigation is needed.
Evaluation of peripheral blood cell levels in nasal polyposis, anthrochoanal polip and inverted papillom patients
Authors: Birinci Mehmet , Terzi Suat , Çeliker Metin , Dursun Engin
Published: July 2021

Background: Nasal polyps, antrochoanal polyps and Inverted papilloma are nasal masses. The aim of this study the levels and rates of peripheral blood cells are examined in patients with nasal polyps, antrochoanal polyps, and inverted papilloma, and it is investigated whether peripheral blood elements can be used as a marker in the differential diagnosis of these three pathologies

Methods: The files of 70 patients were retrospectively analyzed between January 2015 and December 2018. Patient were divided into three groups as inverted papilloma, nasal polyposis and antrochoanal polyp. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte and platelet counts, NLR, ELO, MLO, BLO and TLO values of each of these three groups were compared statistically separately.

Results: A total of 70 patients, including 24 nasal polyps, 26 antrochoanal polyps, and 20 inverted papillomas, were included in the study. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of NLR, BLO, MLO, TLO (p=0.479). Only ELO value was higher in the nasal polyp group (p=0.035).

Conclusions: As in many areas, easier and cheaper diagnostic methods and markers are needed in nasal cavity masses. In our study, we found no evidence that peripheral blood cells could be used to guide the diagnosis and treatment plan of the most common mass lesions of the nasal cavity. Broader and more comprehensive studies are needed for definitive results. 
Comparative study of outcomes of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty
Authors: Pandya Kush B. , Mandal Manit M. , Panchal Ajay K. , Kumar Rakesh , Kapadia Parth B. , Wadia Mithram , Valiya Vipul , Parmar Neel
Published: July 2021

Background: Literature and other available research states lots of comparison between endoscopic and conventional septoplasty. The study helps conclude the merits and demerits of both techniques and compares the superiority of one method over the other on various aspects from surgeon’s and patient’s point of view. The objective of the study was to compare outcomes of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty.

Methods: Study included 48 patients having symptomatic deviated nasal septum willing for surgery randomly divided into two groups of 24 each who underwent endoscopic septoplasty and conventional septoplasty. All the patients selected for study, were assessed for subjective and objective evaluation pre-operatively and post-operatively on 7th day, 1 month and 3 months. The study was conducted at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), Surat.

Results: There are technical advantages of using endoscope during septoplasty as it is definitely superior from surgeon’s point of view but there is no significant difference in terms of functional outcome, complications and post-operative hospital stay.

Conclusions: There are technical advantages of using endoscope being superior in terms of illumination, preciseness and surgery, visualization of deeper parts of nasal cavity and resection of posterior deviation and spur especially in isolated septal spur and in achieving hemostasis. The study helps us conclude that endoscopic septoplasty has merits over conventional septoplasty on various aspects.
Middle ear squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Mahajan Nilesh H. , M. Asha , Vijayendra Vinay Kumar , Honnurappa Vijayendra
Published: July 2021

Squamous cell carcinoma of middle ear is a rare entity. We present a case of 77 year old male, with squamous cell carcinoma of middle ear. Patient presented with blood tinged otorrhoea. Oto-endoscopy examination revealed a soft tissue lesion in middle ear which bled on touch. Histopathological study of this soft tissue lesion gave a diagnosis of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Radical clearance of the tumour achieved after removal of the malleus and incus. Tumour was seen extending into the eustachian tube orifice and it was removed in toto. Uderlying bone was ablated using diode laser to confirm the radical clearance. Later patient was given radiotherapy 6 weeks after surgery to allow the healing of the operative site. The objective to report this case was to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment for a better survival. Long standing history of ear discharge with soft tissue lesion bleeding on touch should always be evaluated by histopathological study to exclude malignancy.
A rare case of invasive fungal sinusitis by co-infection of two fungi in a post COVID-19 patient: a case report
Authors: Chungath Timna , Kumar Deepak Dileep , Mathew Shalu Susan , Paul Jijo
Published: July 2021

Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a disease of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity that typically affects immunocompromised patients in acute fulminant form. Early symptoms can often mimic rhino sinusitis while late symptoms can cause significant morbidity and mortality. With early diagnosis and treatment can increase the patient survival. This case report is of 73 years old diabetic post COVID-19 patients. The patient presented to us was having severe headache and facial pain confined to left side cheek area with loosening of teeth. The patient underwent nasal cavity and biopsy from the maxillary sinus (left side) under local anaesthesia, which confirmed the diagnosis of invasive fungal sinusitis suggestive of co-infection by 2 fungi, aspergillus flavus and mucor. Further, the patient underwent surgical debridement and started on liposomal amphotericin B and patient improved significantly.
Frontalis associated intramuscular lipoma: a case report
Authors: Shivpuri Anubhav , Sharma Neeru
Published: July 2021

Lipomas are the most common benign mesenchymal tumours that are composed of adipose tissue. They can occur at any age and can arise in any location, but are more frequently found on the chest, arm, shoulder and thigh. We report a rare case of lipoma attached to the frontalis muscle in a 65 year old male patient. Clinical examination had revealed a 1.5×1.5 cm in size, firm, non-tender, mobile subcutaneous nodule on the right side of the forehead that gradually increased in size over 8 years. Differential diagnosis of lipoma, liposarcoma, epidermal cyst and sebaceous cyst of the forehead were considered. Non-Contrast computed tomography revealed it to be a solitary, localized, circumscribed nodule within the frontalis without any bony involvement. The nodule was surgically removed and the diagnosis of intramuscular lipoma was confirmed on histopathological examination. The postoperative healing was uneventful and one year follow-up did not show recurrence. The prognosis of the rare frontalis associated intramuscular lipoma is good and risk of recurrence is low provided there is complete removal.
Short-term functional results of surgical management of fractures of olecranon process of ulna by locking hook plate
Authors: Lingayat Maruti B. , Patel Altamash , Thorat Chandrakant R.
Published: July 2021

Background: The aim was to study functional results of fixation of fractures of olecranon process of ulna by locking hook plate.

Methods: The study was conducted on 30 patients who underwent fixation of olecranon fracture by locking hook plate in department of orthopaedics, GMCH Aurangabad from September 2018 to September 2020. Patients were assessed functionally using Mayo elbow performance score and radiologically using serial follow up radiographs of elbow.

Results: At 2 year follow up of 30 patients of all types of olecranon fracture treated by locking hook plate, no patient had evidence of non-union or loss of reduction or any other major complications. In our study 21 patients (70%) showed excellent results, 6 patients (20%) showed good results and 3 patients (10%) showed fair results. None of the patients in our study showed poor results. 3 patients (10%) had superficial infection which were treated by adequate antibiotics after doing culture and sensitivity testing and 4 patients (13.33%) had symptomatic metal prominence which underwent implant removal after union of fracture.

Conclusions: Fixation of all types of fractures of olecranon by locking hook plate is good alternative to other methods of fixation like tension band wiring, intramedullary fixation using screw tension band wiring which are used only in selected cases. In our study we conclude that locking hook plate is excellent modality of treatment for all types of fractures of olecranon, it gives excellent functional and radiological outcome with minimal complication and stable fixation of all types of fractures including transverse as well as comminuted fractures.
A NOÇÃO DE HISTORIOGRAFIA DE J. G. A. POCOCK NA ÓRBITA DAS HUMANIDADES: OU SOBRE O OFÍCIO DO HISTORIADOR ENTRE A ONTOLOGIA E A AÇÃO POLÍTICA
Authors: Alexandre Bruno Santos
Published: July 2021

Trata-se, nesse artigo, de uma investigação acerca da noção de historiografia a partir das contribuições de J.G.A. Pocock. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho reúne fortes indícios de que (I) a autonomização da história do pensamento político com relação à filosofia e à teoria política vem acompanhada de (II) um patente movimento de historicização destas duas últimas. É o que, em movimento reflexo, e estabelecendo uma relação não de subsunção senão de enredamento recíproco, (III) solicita à própria historiografia em tomar parte de e ser implicada por: uma ontologia (o ser que pode ser conhecido) e uma teoria da ação (como e por qual razão agir).
A GÊNESE DO FEDERALISMO NO BRASIL
Authors: Botelho de Oliveira Allysson Eduardo , De Almeida Luquini Roberto
Published: July 2021

O objetivo do trabalho é empreender uma reconstrução histórica da gênese do federalismo no Brasil. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, buscou-se compreender o desenvolvimento das tensões entre o poder central e os poderes provinciais ao longo do século XIX, assumindo lugar de destaque o rearranjo institucional promovido pelo Ato Adicional de 1834, que inseriu uma série de elementos federativos no Império. Assim, mesmo após o regresso conservador dos anos de 1840, o Império brasileiro pós Ato Adicional pode ser considerado uma monarquia semifederativa. Deste modo, o federalismo não seria obra original da República, mas deitaria suas raízes no Império. Acompanhou essas tensões um rico debate entre os publicistas do Império, que também foi objeto de análise desta pesquisa.
“EM BUSCA DOS ASILOS DO IRMÃO IGNACIO”: IMPRENSA E RELIGIÃO NOS SERTÕES DO IMPÉRIO (1878)
Authors: De Oliveira Noemia Dayana
Published: July 2021

As Casas de Caridade foram instituições educacionais e de acolhimento religioso que funcionou nos sertões do Norte Imperial de 1860 a 1883, sob a organização do padre José Antônio de Maria Ibiapina. Essas casas, também entendida como “asilos”, tornaram-se conhecidas na Corte imperial devido o trabalho do irmão Ignacio, que foi designado a recolher esmolas, por ocasião da vulnerabilidade material causada pela seca de 1877. Dito isto, objetivamos analisar as sátiras do jornal Revista Illustrada a respeito dos asilos do beato, que tomou proporções consideráveis a partir da propaganda feita por esta gazeta, que resolveu enviar um correspondente para os sertões, com o propósito de averiguar a existência dos “asilos” ou determinar o fanatismo religioso daquela região.
“AE IRMÃO, QUER SABER DO NOSSO DIA A DIA? COLA NA ESQUINA DA PERIFERIA”: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O MOVIMENTO HIP-HOP E A FORMAÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA DE SUJEITO PERIFÉRICO NO EXTREMO-LESTE ORLANDINO (1990-2010)
Authors: Pereira Bruno Cesar
Published: July 2021

Ao longo deste artigo, buscaremos analisar o movimento Hip-Hop no município de Orlândia, localizado na região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Destacaremos neste estudo, que este movimento no contexto desta cidade tomou forma através das músicas do grupo de rap Mente Armada, da dança breaking dos Maincon’s e pelas pichações com frases de ordem pela cidade. Da mesma forma, nesta investigação destacaremos as contribuições deste movimento na construção identitária de “sujeito periférico”, sobretudo, na região do extremo-leste orlandino, que corresponde aos bairros Jardim Santa Rita e Conjunto Habitacional José Vieira Brasão.
A ESTRADA 47 E O PASSADO: O FILME E A EXPERIÊNCIA DOS EXPEDICIONÁRIOS NA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL
Authors: Cruz Matheus Mendanha
Published: July 2021

O texto a seguir busca comparar a narrativa de Vicente Ferraz exposta em A estrada 47 (2014) sobre a vivência dos expedicionários na Itália com os relatos de ex-combatentes e os resultados de pesquisas feitas por historiadores. Com isso intentamos fazer uma decupagem histórica do filme, observando como que o passado é apresentado no longa-metragem. O que conseguimos observar é que, por mais que se trata de uma ficção, houve esmero na busca do que ocorreu com os soldados na Itália. Dessa forma A estrada 47 (2014) cumpre com o objetivo de trazer à tona a memória sobre a Força Expedicionária Brasileira – FEB – e evidenciar os dramas vividos pelos sujeitos que lutaram no teatro de operações da Itália.
PENSAMENTOS SOBRE TEORIA, HISTÓRIA E VERDADE: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A HISTORIOGRAFIA DO PERÍODO INDEPENDENTISTA AMERICANO
Authors: Sartoretto Eduardo
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo é uma reflexão acerca do papel do historiador na construção da narrativa histórica. Levando em consideração a máxima de que a pesquisa e a produção historiográfica devem estar comprometidas com a divulgação da verdade, buscamos discutir e compreender de que modo se manifesta esse compromisso na historiografia. Para tanto, inicialmente, nos utilizamos das discussões e ideias levantadas pelos autores Franklin Rudolf Ankersmit, Jörn Rüsen José Carlos Reis, e Reinhart Koselleck, a fim de identificarmos alguns elementos necessários para o surgimento de verdades históricas. Posteriormente, analisamos a incidência desses elementos e as verdades construídas, ao longo do tempo, nas produções sobre o período independentista ibero-americano. Por último, reservamos um espaço para respondermos algumas questões norteadoras de nosso trabalho.Palavras-chave: sentido, significado, verdade representativa, papel do historiador, historiografia ibero-americana.
CRISIS E IMPLICANCIAS SOCIOPOLITICAS DE LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA EN LAS DERIVAS DEL TIEMPO PRESENTE
Authors: Escudero Eduardo
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se presentan reflexiones respecto de algunos aspectos de la historiografía actual que tornan problemático el panorama de la vinculación de entre Historia, práctica y tiempo-política. Se parte de una aproximación de la crisis de la Historia para posteriormente dar cuenta de algunas de sus implicancias sociopolíticas, frente a los connotantes de un nuevo orden de tiempo que puede llamarse presentista, y que ponen en cuestión ciertas certezas heredadas. Para ello se rescatan ideas derivadas de referencias críticas de indudable valía y vigencia como lo son la II consideración intempestiva de Friedrich Nietzsche (1874) y la intervención de Eric Hobsbawn “The challenge of reason. Manifesto for the renewal of history” (2004) y se recapitulan aportes bibliográficos actuales.Palabras clave: Crisis de la Historia, orden de tiempo, historiografía.
PROCESSOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA MILITÂNCIA FEMINISTA ACADÊMICA NO BRASIL E A REVISTA ESTUDOS FEMINISTAS NA DÉCADA DE 90
Authors: Lopes Janai Harin
Published: July 2021

A proposta deste trabalho é estabelecer relação entre a agenda feminista das décadasde 1980 e 1990 no Brasil e a chamada institucionalização dos feminismos e do gênero, com osurgimento da Revista Estudos Feministas (REF) - UFSC publicada pela primeira vez no anode 1992, para se pensar o cenário da emergência de uma militância feminista na academiabrasileira em contrapartida a um pensamento autonomista dentro do movimento. A partir dosdebates gerados em torno da eclosão da categoria gênero, mediante revisão bibliográfica eanálise dos artigos publicados na revista, se objetiva investigar quais foram os embates e ascontribuições provenientes da relação entre a produção feminista acadêmica e a militânciafeminista para o cenário, e como a revista se enquadrou na luta por legitimidade e contra asdesigualdades.
A FACILIDADE DO ACESSO (OU O ACELERADO EMPOBRECIMENTO DO GESTO DE MONTAR)
Authors: Amboni Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

Em Depois do futuro, Franco Berardi propõe que vivemos uma verdadeira mutação antropológica na infraestrutura social, que afeta tanto o psiquismo individual quanto o coletivo. Segundo ele, nossa incapacidade de absorver o excesso de informações que recebemos do ciberespaço faz do presente um tempo tão denso que o cérebro encontra dificuldades de se projetar para fora do momento presente, desembocando no que Berardi chama de o século sem futuro. Este ensaio propõe pensar essas questões trazidas por Berardi a partir de alguns conceitos de Walter Benjamin – em especial os de história, experiência e progresso – e encontrar brechas, através de uma noção de montagem como gesto inerente ao pensamento, para articular com os espectros do passado, que rondam o século XXI, presentes que permanecem em estado de latência.
Palatoscopy (Rugoscopy) assistance in forensic investigations
Authors: Kaur Avineet , Sandhu Harnoor Singh , Dodwad Reshma , Dhillon Mehraab Kaur , Mann Simmerpreet J
Published: July 2021

Human identification is most challenging field in forensics. Scrutiny of the fingerprints ,teeth and DNA comparison are commonly used techniques, thus allowing quicker and secure fast and identification processes. Palatal rugae markings are unique to an individual and are stable throughout the life. Rugae don’t undergo any changes apart from in length throughout the life. Thuspalatoscopy or palatal rugoscopy is used as an aid in forensic investigations.
Myocardial bridging — Rare autopsy finding and its association to sudden natural cardiac death
Authors: Bhosale A. A , Taware A. A , Jadhav V.T , Tatitya H.S , Bandgar A.L , Vaidya H.V
Published: July 2021

Myocardial Bridging is one rare congenital anomaly which has been neither reported frequently nor looked for during routine autopsy in Indian context. One of the reasons may be lack of awareness about this finding. Even many autopsy studies done on sudden natural cardiac deaths, do not focus to find and report this anomaly. We hereby report one such case, where a young adult male succumbed to death following exercise, and only significant autopsy finding was Myocardial bridging. Even though myocardial bridging has not been labelled as primary cause of death by researchers, it is one such anomaly which leads to events predisposing angina, ischemia and arrhythmia leading to cardiac arrest.
Clinical profile and visual outcome of optic neuritis patients in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Prakash Kinikar Vijay , Pendyala Yashaswi , Vijay Kumar K.
Published: July 2021

To study the clinical profile and visual outcome of optic neuritis

Study population included patients who were clinically diagnosed as Optic neuritis at Department of Ophthalmology, Mamata medical college. A total of 30 cases were taken up for the study. Patients were examined in detail at presentation and treated with ONTT regimen and follow up done at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months.

Most common age group affected was 20- 50 years with mean of 39.36yrs. Highest incidence was seen in age group of 41-50yrs which was found to be 36.7%. Higher incidence was seen in females. Females constituted 63.33%. Female to Male ratio was 1.72:1. Higher incidence of Papilitis was seen among males and RBN was more commonly seen among females. Incidence of retrobubar neuritis was slightly higher than papilitis. All presented with DOV. Pain was present in 56.66%. Loss of vision persisted more than 1 month in case of papilitis. BCVA after ONTT had very good improvement. After treatment majority had vision between 6/18-6/6 (46.38%) and was statistically significant. Also after 1month and 3 months majority had vision between 6/18-6/6 [60.52% and 64.56% respectively]. Only 3.23% had VA less than 6/60 after 3months. There was improvement in both colour vision and contrast sensitivity but was not statistically significant. Central and centrocaecal scotoma was most common visual field defect. MRI brain was done in only 11 patients due to financial constraints which revealed two MS and 3 cases of increased signal intensity in short segment of Optic nerve. The recurrence rate in our study was 6.66%.

The clinical profile of ON in Indian patients is different from that in the Western population. Unlike reported in the Western literature, Papillitis is as frequent as Retrobulbar neuritis in the Indian setup, with poorer visual outcome.
To evaluate ocular manifestations in primary hypertension
Authors: Sinha Durgesh Kumar , Sujatha MA Rani
Published: July 2021

To evaluate ocular manifestations in primary severe hypertension.

: A retrospective chart review of 100 eyes of 50 patients in age group 45-60 years diagnosed with primary severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥ 180 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥ 110 mm of Hg) in a tertiary hospital in 6 months from December 2018 to May 2019. Vision with evaluated with Snellen’s chart, fundus was examined with IDO, DO, +90D, +20 D lens and OCT was done.

: Mean age were found to be 51 years ±9.8 under treatment for essential hypertension. Fundus findings included Arteriolar Narrowing (both Focal and Generalized arteriolar Narrowing), Hard Exudates, Cotton Wool Patches, Flame Shaped Haemorrhages, Optic disc edema, Disc haemorrhages. OCT findings included Macular Oedema, Irregular reflection, Sub Retinal Fluid, Inner Retinal Fluid, Hyper Reflective Dots.

: This study can be used as an early diagnostic tool in hypertension. Severe hypertension may lead to may exudative changes. With Arteriolar Narrowing and Hyperreflective Dots within retina as the most common findings. Awareness should be spread regarding ophthalmological examination among patients so that timely measures can be initiated to stop the progression of disease.
Orbital pseudotumor masquerading orbital cellulitis
Authors: Prasanth Hannah Ranjee , Djeamourthy Suriya , Veni Priya S. , Prashanth JP Justin , Srinivasan Renuka
Published: July 2021

Here with presenting a case of pseudotumor orbit initially diagnosed as orbital cellulitis which responded to steroids. A 44 year old male presented with complaints of swelling, redness, watering and inability to open the right eye for 1 day. He had no h/o trauma or insect bite. On examination, visual acuity in both eyes was 6/6. The right eye was proptosed with gross restriction of the extra ocular movements, conjunctival congestion and chemosis. The intra ocular pressure was 52 mm Hg. The left eye was normal. CT orbit showed enlargement of right lateral rectus muscle and lacrimal gland, with fat stranding and soft tissue thickening of periorbital, pre septal and perinasal regions diagnostic of pseudotumor tumour. He was started on high dose oral steroids with which he improved dramatically.
Imaging signatures in optic nerve head melanocytoma
Authors: Shah Dhaivat , Pandit Rinal
Published: July 2021

Optic nerve head melanocytoma is a benign pigmented lesion which is generally asymptomatic, however it can sometimes be related with visual field disturbance. In most cases the tumor stays stable for the duration of the life. Rarely 1-2% of such cases undergo a malignant transformation, hence serial monitoring is necessary. We report an instance of optic nerve head melanocytoma in a 30-year-old male with characteristic imaging signatures.
Determination of potential sources of drug development for menstrual disorders: A qualitative analysis of published literature of in-vitro rat uterus experimental studies
Authors: Arefin Paroma , Shehan Habib Md. , Arefin Aishawarya , Saidul Arefin Md.
Published: July 2021

Many herbal plants have been recorded in medicine for their usefulness in menstrual disorders, however, a few have been extensively examined for their pharmacological activities. These plants have been recorded to have usefulness in the management of painful menses, preventing miscarriages, prolonging birth, or inducing birth. Therefore, the effects of herbal plants on the contractility of the uterus will be investigated using the in-vitro experiment of the isolated rat uterus. The study aims to assess the most outstanding plants that are used to treat menstrual disorders, their uterine contractility properties, and adverse effects. The study will therefore acknowledge the importance of medicinal plants in the study of new drugs for regulating uterine contractility and propose suggestions for improving experiments involving medicinal plants on uterine contractility for drug development. The study will provide a direction as to whether the plant extract has drug development potential.
Las unidades APP centrales en América Latina y Caribe y su relación óptima con otras instituciones del gobierno
Authors: Rebollo Andrés , De los Ríos Mateo , Foster Richard
Published: July 2021

Con el apoyo de Gobiernos e instituciones de investigación de América Latina y el Caribe, desde el BID desarrollamos en 2020 la Red de Análisis y Buenas Prácticas en Asociaciones Público-Privadas (Red APP), con el objetivo de mejorar el desarrollo de infraestructura en la región en términos de calidad, sostenibilidad, competitividad, y eficiencia. La Red APP nace con el objetivo de A) conectar las demandas públicas de conocimiento con la investigación aplicada desarrollada (en otras palabras, que los trabajos analíticos en materia de APPs respondan a lo que los desarrolladores de políticas y proyectos quieren saber sobre qué funciona y qué no); B) sistematizar la información: mediante la generación de información sistematizada para el análisis de proyectos, desde las decisiones de inversión hasta las de financiamiento; C) generar y coordinar la evidencia existente: mediante el desarrollo de trabajos analíticos a partir de información pública disponible generada por la red, así como conectar la investigación aplicada regional para potenciar sinergias en la generación de conocimiento. A comienzos de 2020, y partir de una Consulta Pública a Gobiernos de la región, se determinaron una serie de temas de interés comunes en el desarrollo de infraestructura mediante APP en torno a cinco grandes áreas: Regulación e Institucionalidad, Factibilidad y Estructuración de Proyectos Sostenibles, Financiamiento de Proyectos, Gestión de Riesgos y Monitoreo, y Evaluación, Desempeño e Impacto. El presente trabajo “Las unidades APP centrales en América Latina y Caribe y su relación óptima con otras instituciones de Gobierno” responde a dicha demanda y ha sido seleccionado dentro del área Regulación e Institucionalidad a través de una convocatoria competitiva de propuestas.
Evaluating newer generation intraocular lens calculation formulas in manual versus femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 3S5, Canada, Nithianandan Harrish , Tam Eric S. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 3A9, Canada; Uptown Eye Specialists, Vaughan, Ontario L4K 2Z5, Canada; William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario L6R 3J7, Canada, Chiu Hannah ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 3A9, Canada; Uptown Eye Specialists, Vaughan, Ontario L4K 2Z5, Canada; William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario L6R 3J7, Canada, Maini Rajiv ,   Uptown Eye Specialists, Vaughan, Ontario L4K 2Z5, Canada, Somani Sohel ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 3A9, Canada; Uptown Eye Specialists, Vaughan, Ontario L4K 2Z5, Canada; William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario L6R 3J7, Canada
Published: July 2021

AIM: To determine the refractive accuracy of the Haigis, Barrett Universal II (Barrett), and Hill-radial basis function 2.0 (Hill-RBF) intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations formulas in eyes undergoing manual cataract surgery (MCS) and refractive femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (ReLACS).
METHODS: This was a REB-approved, retrospective interventional comparative case series of 158 eyes of 158 patients who had preoperative biometry completed using the IOL Master 700 and underwent implantation of a Tecnis IOL following uncomplicated cataract surgery using either MCS or ReLACS. Target spherical equivalence (SE) was predicted using the Haigis, Barrett, and Hill-RBF formulas. An older generation formula (Hoffer Q) was included in the analysis. Mean refractive error (ME) was calculated one month postoperatively. The lens factors of all formulas were retrospectively optimized to set the ME to 0 for each formula across all eyes. The median absolute errors (MedAE) and the proportion of eyes achieving an absolute error (AE) within 0.5 diopters (D) were compared between the two formulas among MCS and ReLACS eyes, respectively.
RESULTS: Of the 158 eyes studied, 64 eyes underwent MCS and 94 eyes underwent ReLACS. Among MCS eyes, the MedAE did not differ between the formulas (P=0.59), however among ReLACS eyes, Barrett and Hill-RBF were more accurate (P=0.001). Barrett and Hill-RBF were both more likely to yield AE<0.5 D among both groups (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: The Barrett and Hill-RBF formula lead to greater refractive accuracy and likelihood of refractive success when compare to Haigis in eyes undergoing ReLACS.
Mid-term results of patterned laser trabeculoplasty for uncontrolled ocular hypertension and primary open angle glaucoma
Authors:   Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Bucaramanga, Santander 681004, Colombia; Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander 681004, Colombia, Espinoza Gustavo , Pedraza-Concha Angelica ,   Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander 681004, Colombia; Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander 680002, Colombia, Rodríguez-Una Ignacio ,   Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33012, Spain, Acuna Maria Fernanda ,   Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Bucaramanga, Santander 681004, Colombia; Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander 681004, Colombia, Parra Juan Camilo ,   Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander 681004, Colombia
Published: July 2021

AIM: To describe the safety and efficacy of patterned laser trabeculoplasty (PLT) as an adjunctive treatment in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) after 18-month follow-up in Hispanic population.
METHODS: A single-center, retrospective study was conducted. All patients with OHT or POAG undergoing PLT from June 2016 to August 2016 were included in the study. Investigated parameters were intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of IOP-lowering medications, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), laser parameters and postoperative adverse events. Primary efficacy outcome measures were the proportion of eyes achieving an IOP reduction ≥20% at 18mo versus baseline medicated IOP or a reduction in the number of medications while maintaining IOP values.
RESULTS: From 40 PLT-treated eyes (mean baseline IOP 20.3±1.7 mm Hg), 24 patients were analyzed (age 63.4±7.3y). The mean IOP reductions from baseline across visits (months 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18) ranged from 14.1% to 20.8%. Success rate after 18-month follow-up was 61.7% with a mean IOP of 16±3.2 mm Hg (P<0.001). The number of glaucoma IOP-lowering medications per eye (preoperative 2.1±1.1 and postoperative 2.3±1.1, P=0.86) and the mean BCVA (preoperative 0.10±0.22 and postoperative 0.11±0.22 logMAR, P=0.42) remained stable. Adverse events comprised transitory IOP spikes in 4 eyes (10%) and peripheral anterior synechiae in 7 eyes (17.5%).
CONCLUSION: Mid-term results of PLT show that this procedure may be an efficacious and safe technique to approach medically uncontrolled OHT or POAG patients.
Choroidal structural changes determined by the binarization method after intravitreal aflibercept treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors:   Ophthalmology Clinic, Kırşehir Training and Research Hospital, Kırşehir 40100, Turkey, Temel Emine , Asikgarip Nazife ,   Ophthalmology Clinic, Kırşehir Training and Research Hospital, Kırşehir 40100, Turkey
Published: July 2021

AIM: To assess the choroidal structural alterations after intravitreal injection of aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).
METHODS: Fifty eyes with treatment-naïve nAMD were evaluated at baseline, 3rd, and 12th month. Fifty eyes of 50 healthy subjects were also included as controls. Choroidal thickness (CT) was measured in the subfoveal region. Total circumscribed choroidal area (CA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was calculated using Image J.
RESULTS: At baseline, subfoveal CT was increased in nAMD patients compared to controls (P=0.321). Eyes with nAMD had a significantly increased total circumscribed CA and SA (P=0.041, 0.005, respectively). The CVI was decreased (P=0.038). In the 3rd month, the subfoveal CT, LA, and CVI revealed a decrease (P=0.005, P=0.039, 0.043, respectively). In the 12th month, subfoveal CT, LA, and CVI were decreased in comparison to baseline measures (P<0.001, 0.006, 0.010, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Significant structural alterations are found after intravitreal aflibercept treatment during the 12-month follow-up, in particular at the third month, in eyes with nAMD.
Hymnographic Texts Devoted to Saint John the Russian from 19th — Early 20th Centuries and the Evolution of the Saint’s Cult
Authors: Borisova Tatyana
Published: July 2021

The present article deals with the evolution of the hymnographic discourse devoted to St. John the Russian in the Greek and Russian traditions, and to the Turkish-language sources of the certain traditions. The research was carried out on the basis of the material of three editions of the Greek Service to St. John the Russian from the middle and the end of 19th century and Russian manuscripts from the archive of the Russian St. Panteleimon Monastery on Mount Athos from the 19th — early 20th centuries. Special consideration was given to the changes in the image of the saint caused by the text transfer to another language and the reception of the cult in the target culture. The evolution of the cult of the Saint which follows the expansion of the geographical and ethnic borders of his veneration, and the role of the St. Panteleimon monastery on Athos in this process are also discussed.
Byzantine Traditions of the Sublime Porte: the Title qayṣar-i Rūm in the Ottoman Political Thought
Authors: Korobeynikov Dmitry
Published: July 2021

The article is focused on the problem of the title qayṣar-i Rūm, “Caesar of Rome”, which was a traditional title of the Byzantine emperors in Arabic and Persian sources. It is believed that the title was accepted by Mehmed II Fatih after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453. It seems that the Ottoman chancery began to use the title only during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent. The first evidence thereof was the famous inscription of Suleyman in the fortress of Bender (Bendery, in Moldavia/Moldova) in 1538—1539. The Ottomans recognized themselves as a new Rome only after they went into conflict with a great power in Persia, the state of the Aq-Qoyunlu and the Safawi Empire at the end of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century. They did so, however, in the categories of their Persianate political culture, and the title qayṣar-i Rūm was believed to have been an equivalent of the title padishah.
Islamic Traditionalism in the Syrian Provinces of the Ottoman Empire during the Age of Abdulhamid II (1876—1909)
Authors: Zhantiev Dmitry
Published: July 2021

The article examines the reasons and main manifestations of Islamic traditionalism as a stable system of views that dominated the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the last quarter of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Consideration of the main theses of the ideological heritage of Abu l-Huda al-Sayyadi, Salih al-Munayir, Yusuf al-Nabhani and their ideological supporters, as well as the socio-political ties between them, allows us to comprehend the strategies of Sultan Abdulhamid II to justify the sacred and lawful, from an Islamic point of view, the nature of the Sultan's power. The study makes it possible to assess the influence of Muslim traditionalist scholars of the late Ottoman period as the conductors of the government policy aimed at consolidating Muslims around the figure of the Ottoman Sultan-Caliph.
Modern France and the Problem of Religious Radicalism. Evolution of Legislation
Authors: Osipov Evgeny
Published: July 2021

The article examines the evolution of French legislation on the issue of preserving religious and national identity and countering the spread of radical Islam in the past few decades. Particular attention is paid to the 2004 law banning religious symbols in schools and the work of the commissions of B. Stazi and J.-P. Obin, acting in 2003—2005. It was then, in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, that the members of the two state commissions attempted a comprehensive approach to solving the Islamic question in France, but the state authorities limited themselves to a simple ban on religious symbols in schools, and in subsequent years there were no major changes in the state approach to solving the problem, which has become one of the main reasons for the sharp deterioration of the situation in the past few years. E. Macron, who initially distanced from the issues of identity, has already done a lot to change the situation. It was on the initiative of Macron that a law on the strengthening of republican values has been developed today and will soon be adopted, which, finally, presents a comprehensive approach to solving the problem of religious radicalism in the Fifth Republic.
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and His Relationship with the Army in France
Authors: Sidorov Alexander
Published: July 2021

One of the aspects of the activities of France’ President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing is considered — his relationship with the army in a comparative historical context, namely: the context of the relationship between civilian power and the military. The French specificity of these relations, which developed with the coming to power of General Charles de Gaulle in 1958, is shown. The peculiarities of the formed mechanism of military decision-making in France, which resulted from the concentration of powers and legitimacy by the President — Commander-in-chief of the armed forces, are highlighted. The analysis of the reasons for the urgent issues in the army by the beginning of the presidential term of V. Giscard d'Estaing is carried out; the President's measures to strengthen this key republican institution were assessed. Attention is paid to the attempts of V. Giscard d'Estaing to adapt the French policy of nuclear deterrence to the evolution of the geopolitical situation during his time in power, which did not always meet with support in the military environment and in civil society. Two episodes (in Chad and Zaire) were singled out as examples of France's external military operations (OPEX) on the African continent under V. Giscard d'Estaing, where his role as Commander-in-chief was most clearly manifested. The underestimated role of V. Giscard d'Estaing as head of State was noted, including in strengthening the country's defence potential and in creating conditions for the further advancement of military development.
Muslim Migrants in the Eurasian Space: Risks of Adaptation and Predictors of Conflicts
Authors: Fahrutdinov Rail
Published: July 2021

The article presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the development of migration processes in the Eurasian space, in the regional aspect. Muslim migrants make up a significant part of the migration flows of Eurasia. Their inclusion in the multicultural environment of the region carries a high proportion of risks both for the migrants themselves and for the host population. The article presents a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of migration in the socio-cultural space of the region, based on the concept of ressentiment. The experience of developing a methodology for predicting the risks of adaptation of migrants, on the example of complex regional studies.