bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging of two sequential, laterally overlapping objects
Authors: Korotkova Olga
Published: November 2024

The same scalar illumination used in a linear optical system with a single lens is experimentally shown to carry information about two objects placed at different positions along the axis with arbitrary lateral overlap. The images of both objects can be obtained either sequentially by adjusting the placement of the camera or concurrently, with the help of a beam splitter. The effect utilizes the average intensity and the spatial coherence state of a partially coherent beam as two degrees of freedom available in a scalar optical channel.
Cell type-specific weighting-factors to solve solid organs-specific limitations of single cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Tejima Kengo , Kozawa Satoshi , Sato Thomas N.
Published: November 2024

While single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a popular method to analyze gene expression and cellular composition at single-cell resolution, it harbors shortcomings: The failure to account for cell-to-cell variations of transcriptome-size (i.e., the total number of transcripts per cell) and also cell dissociation/processing-induced cryptic gene expression. This is particularly a problem when analyzing highly heterogeneous solid tissues/organs, which requires cell dissociation for the analysis. As a result, there exists a discrepancy between bulk RNA-seq result and virtually reconstituted bulk RNA-seq result using its composite scRNA-seq data. To fix this problem, we propose a computationally calculated coefficient, “cell type-specific weighting-factor (cWF)”. Here, we introduce a concept and a method of its computation and report cWFs for 76 cell-types across 10 solid organs. Their fidelity is validated by more accurate reconstitution and deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data of diverse solid organs using the scRNA-seq data and the cWFs of their composite cells. Furthermore, we also show that cWFs effectively predict aging-progression, implicating their diagnostic applications and also their association with aging mechanism. Our study provides an important method to solve critical limitations of scRNA-seq analysis of complex solid tissues/organs. Furthermore, our findings suggest a diagnostic utility and biological significance of cWFs.
Keratoplasty to restore vision in trachomatous corneal opacity: A literature review
Authors: Davidson Iain , Burton Matthew J. , Gupta Noopur , Kello Amir B. , Rose-Nussbaumer Jennifer , Solomon Anthony W.
Published: November 2024

Background

Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness. Patients with trachomatous corneal opacity (TCO) are traditionally considered high-risk cases for graft failure. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that corneal transplantation may restore vision in such individuals. We wanted to review the available evidence for keratoplasty outcomes in TCO.

Methods

A literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science was performed using the search terms “trachoma* AND (keratoplasty OR cornea* transplant*)”. The search was restricted to studies published between 1 January 1992 and 12 October 2022. All types of prospective and retrospective study designs reporting outcomes of keratoplasty in trachoma were included. The primary outcome assessed was rate of graft survival in patients with TCO who received keratoplasty. Secondary outcomes were postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and graft rejection rates.

Results

Seven studies met our inclusion criteria. None were prospective trials; 215/302 grafts (71%) were clear at final follow-up. There was significant variability between studies in the reporting of patient characteristics, follow-up, complications, and outcomes. In data on penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), graft survival at final follow-up was observed in 161/195 eyes (83%). Studies assessing lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) reported graft survival in 18/20 eyes (90%). Rejection episodes were reported in 31/167 (19%) eyes managed with PKP and 0 of 20 eyes managed with LKP. Of 163 eyes, preoperative BCVA was ≤counting fingers in 76% and ≤6/60 in 91%. A postoperative BCVA of >6/60 was achieved in 63% of eyes.

Conclusions

There is a paucity of evidence supporting keratoplasty in TCO. However, it may hold visual rehabilitation promise for people whose needs have to date been largely ignored. More structured reporting of outcomes from centres which perform keratoplasty in TCO and a well-designed prospective study would be valuable additions to the literature.
Micronutrient deficiencies and their co-occurrence among pregnant women in Mbeya region, Tanzania
Authors: Mchau Geofrey , Masanja Hope , Killel Erick , Azizi Kaunara , Lukindo Tedson , Hancy Adam , Henry Stanislaus , Paul Heavenlight , Sanga Abraham , Mwiru Ramadhani , Zvandaziva Charity , Chimanya Kudakweshi , Twinomujuni Abela , Noor Ramadhan , Masumo Ray , Leyna Germana , Codjia Patrick
Published: November 2024

Micronutrient deficiencies, a global concern affecting vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, pose significant public health challenges. Specifically, micronutrient deficiencies in iron, vitamin A, iodine and folate have been of greatest public health concern among pregnant women. This study aimed to evaluate the co-occurrence of selected multiple micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care (ANC) in Mbeya, Tanzania. Employing a cross-sectional design, data were gathered from 420 pregnant women aged 15–49 years attending ANC in Mbeya Region. Semi-structured questionnaires captured socio-demographic data, and blood samples were collected for biomarkers assessment. The study used Stata 17.0 to analyze the data. Results revealed that six out of ten pregnant women exhibited at least one form of micronutrient deficiency, with 15.0% experiencing double deficiencies and 2.2% experiencing triple deficiencies. Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) was prevalent among 61.7% of anaemic pregnant women. Individual micronutrient deficiency rates were as follows: folate (21.7%), vitamin B12 (9.9%), iron (38.4%), vitamin A (9.8%), with a median Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) of 279.4μg/L. Pregnant women with anemia were more likely to have Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies (MMD) compared to non-anemic counterparts (p-value <0.005). Additionally, those in the second trimester were at a higher risk of MMD than those in the first trimester (p-value <0.005). A higher wealth quantile appeared to protect against MMD (p-value <0.005). The study highlights the co-occurrence of MMD among pregnant women in Tanzania, indicates the necessity for an improved strategy to enhance multiple micronutrients intake through dietary diversity, MMS and fortified foods.
Decision model of public opinion risk in campus social network based on hybrid dynamic deletion and shortest path algorithm
Authors: Xu Nan , Wang Yifeng
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the problem that traditional network public opinion monitoring and searching are inefficient and can easily cause resource waste, the study firstly, through the dynamic deletion-shortest path algorithm to classify network text, and on this basis, innovatively constructs a text sentiment classification model based on the variant of convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network, and secondly, uses attention mechanism to classify the model. improvement of the classification model by using the attention mechanism. The research results show that the average precision rate, recall rate, and F-value of the dynamic deletion-shortest path algorithm are 97.30%, 79.55%, and 87.53%, and the classification speed is 397 KB/s, which is better than the traditional shortest path algorithm. In the classification effect measurement of long text, the accuracy and F-value of the recurrent neural network variant model are above 84%, and the accuracy of the text sentiment classification model with the introduction of the attention mechanism is improved by 3.89% compared to the pre-improvement period. In summary, the dynamic deletion-shortest path algorithm proposed in the study and the sentiment classification model with the introduction of the attention mechanism have superior performance and can provide certain application value for campus social network opinion risk decision-making.
Socioeconomic inequalities in high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: A non-experimental population-based study
Authors: Ekholuenetale Michael
Published: November 2024

Background

High-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) has adverse health, social and economic effects on women. An understanding of socioeconomic inequalities is needed to design effective interventions targeted to lower maternal morbidity and mortality due to HRFB.

Objectives

The objective was to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in HRFB among Nigerian women.

Design

This was a cross-section study that used population-based data.

Methods

A sample of 21,792 Nigerian women aged 15–49 years from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey was analyzed. Percentage was employed in univariate analysis. In addition, concentration index was used to assess the extent of inequalities in HRFB. This was further decomposed to ascertain the explanatory components’ relative contributions to the socioeconomic inequalities in HRFB.

Results

The weighted prevalence of HRFB (63.5%; 95% CI: 62.6–64.4%), included <18 years at childbirth (4.9%; 95% CI:4.5–5.3%), >34 years at childbirth (18.3%; 95% CI: 17.6–19.0%), >3 children birth order (49.6%; 95% CI: 48.7–50.5%) and <24 months at preceding birth interval (17.0% 95% CI: 16.3–17.6%) were estimated. Education (Contri: 50.3997%, Ec: 0.2771), wealth (Contri: 27.2811%, Ec: 0.2665), socioeconomic disadvantaged (Contri: 14.9163%, Ec: -0.0996), religion (Contri: 13.8636%, Ec: -0.0496), region (Contri: 11.1724%, Ec: 0.0711), partner education (Contri: 7.1351%, Ec: 0.2138), media use (Contri: 4.5064%, Ec: 0.1449) and family motility (Contri: 3.7890%, Ec: -0.0281) were positive contributors to HRFBs among Nigerian women. However, age (Contri: -14.6237, Ec: 0.0089) and history of contraceptive use (Contri: -8.7723, Ec: -0.2094) were negative contributors to HRFBs among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.

Conclusion

Women who have low socioeconomic level reported higher prevalence of HRFB. Targeted interventions are required to lower HRFB among Nigerian women from poor households and with no formal education. Women should get counselling and assistance from healthcare and educational institutions to help them adopt healthy sexual and reproductive practices.
Socioeconomic deprivation and suicide in Appalachia: The use of three socioeconomic deprivation indices to explain county-level suicide rates
Authors: Caswell Erin D. , Hartley Summer D. , Groth Caroline P. , Christensen Mary , Bhandari Ruchi
Published: November 2024

Objective

West Virginia’s (WV) suicide rate is 50% higher than the national average and is the highest in the Appalachian Region. Appalachia has several social factors that have contributed to greater socioeconomic deprivation, a known contributor of suicide. Given WV’s high prevalence of suicide and poverty, the current study aims to examine the relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and suicide rates in WV.

Methods

The Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), Social Deprivation Index (SDI), and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) measured socioeconomic deprivation. Negative binomial regression models assessed the relationship between socioeconomic deprivation scores, individual index items, and suicide rates. Model comparisons evaluated the indices’ ability to assess suicide rates. A backward selection strategy identified additional key items for examining suicide rates.

Results

There was a significant increase in suicide rates for every 10% increase in TDI (β = 0.04; p < 0.01), SDI (β = 0.03; p = 0.04), and SVI scores (β = 0.05; p < 0.01). Household overcrowding and unemployment had a positive linear relationship with suicide in TDI (β = 0.04, p = 0.02; β = 0.07, p = 0.01), SDI (β = 0.10, p = 0.02; β = 0.01, p<0.01), and the SVI (β = 0.10, p = 0.02; β = 0.03, p<0.01). The backwards selection strategy identified additional key items included by the SVI when assessing suicide.

Conclusion

Greater socioeconomic deprivation, measured by the TDI, SDI, and SVI, was significantly associated with higher suicide rates. Expanding unemployment benefits and increasing the availability of affordable housing, especially in rural areas, may be useful in reducing suicide rates. Our results suggest racial and ethnic minorities and adults living with a disability may benefit from targeted suicide prevention strategies.
Sodium-dependent glucose co-transport proteins (SGLTs) are not involved in human glucose taste detection
Authors: Palmer R. Kyle , Nechiporenko Anna B. , Ilies Marc A. , Winnig Marcel , Gravina Stephen A. , Tiwari Rashmi , Prakash Indra
Published: November 2024

The sweet taste of saccharides, such as sucrose and glucose, and other sweeteners is known to result from activation of the TAS1R2/R3 receptor expressed in taste receptor cells (TRCs) of the taste bud. Recent reports have suggested the existence of an additional sweet taste signaling pathway for metabolizable saccharides that is dependent on the activity of glucose transporters, especially SGLT1, also expressed in TRCs. We have investigated the potential contribution of SGLT1 to glucose taste signaling in humans. Concentration-response analysis of glucose mediated changes in membrane potential measured in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transiently expressing the human SGLT1 (hSGLT1) yielded an EC50 value of 452 μM. The SGLT inhibitor phlorizin inhibited the membrane potential response to 10 mM glucose with an IC50 of 3.5 μM. In contrast, EC50 values of 127 and 132 mM were obtained from concentration-response analysis of glucose taste in vehicles of water or 20 mM NaCl, respectively, by rapid throughput taste discrimination with human subjects. Lactisole, an antagonist of TAS1R2/R3, at a concentration of 1 mM completely inhibited taste responses to glucose concentrations of 250 mM and below. Phlorizin (0.2 mM) and the high potency SGLT1-selective inhibitor mizagliflozin (10 μM) failed to inhibit glucose taste detection measured at peri-threshold concentrations in the rapid throughput taste discrimination assay. A Yes/No experiment using the taste discrimination assay revealed that 0.2 mM phlorizin was discriminable from water for some subjects. Taken together the results indicate that agonist activation of TAS1R2/R3 is sufficient to account for all glucose taste without contribution by an alternative SGLT-mediated signaling pathway. Furthermore, the taste of phlorizin could be a confounding variable for studies evaluating a role for SGLTs in taste.
Patterns of primates crop foraging and the impacts on incomes of smallholders across the mosaic agricultural landscape of Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Deneke Yigrem , Megaze Aberham , Tekalign Wondimagegnehu , Dobamo Taye , Leirs Herwig
Published: November 2024

Crop foraging by primates is a prevalent form of human-wildlife conflict, especially near protected areas. This behavior poses significant economic challenges for subsistence farmers, jeopardizing both livelihoods and conservation efforts. This study aimed to assess patterns of primate crop-foraging events and estimate maize damage in protected and unprotected fields in southern Ethiopia. Data were collected over 12 months between 2020 and 2021 in the Sodo Zuriya and Damot Gale districts of Southern Ethiopia. A team of six field experts and 25 farmers participated in the study, during which maize damage inflicted by primates was assessed using 25 deployed camera traps. Linear mixed models were used to explore the relationship between maize damage by primates and spatio-temporal variables. Olive baboons and grivet monkeys were found to target maize more frequently during June, July, and August. Olive baboons forage in the morning, while grivet monkeys do so in the afternoon. The average maize yield losses due to primate damage were 43.1% in protected fields and 31.4% in unprotected fields. Of the total damage, 43.1% occurred in protected fields situated 50 meters from the forest edge. Conversely, unprotected fields experienced lower rates of damage: 14.4%, 13.2%, 3.7%, and 0.1% at distances of 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, and 300 m from the forest edge, respectively. Camera traps captured 47 photos of baboons, 21 photos of grivet monkeys, and documented eight primate crop-foraging events. This study revealed that maize fields within 50 meters of the forest edge faced significant damage. Despite the use of wire mesh fencing, it was largely ineffective in deterring olive baboons and grivet monkeys. Additionally, while human guarding is often considered an effective protective strategy, these findings suggest its ineffectiveness due to inconsistent implementation. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for promoting primate conservation and mitigating human-primate conflicts.
Spatial patterns and predictors of missing key contents of care during prenatal visits in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analyses
Authors: Hailegebireal Aklilu Habte , Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie , Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Feyisa Jira Wakoya
Published: November 2024

Background

Quality Antenatal Care (ANC) is considered if pregnant women have access to essential services that align with the best evidence-based practice. Although several studies have been conducted on ANC uptake in Ethiopia, they have focused on the timing and number of visits and the level of complete uptake of care contents according to the WHO recommendation remains scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of missing care content during ANC visits, its spatial variations, and individual- and community-level determinants in Ethiopia.

Methods

The study was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey and included a total weighted sample of 4,771 women who gave birth within five years before the survey. Spatial analysis was carried out using Arc-GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I) was checked to determine the non-randomness of the spatial variation in the missing contents of care. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using STATA version 16. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with its corresponding 95% CI was used as a measure of association.

Results

The prevalence of missing full contents of ANC in Ethiopia was 88.2% (95% CI: 87.2, 89.0), with significant spatial variations observed across regions. Missing essential contents of care was higher among women who live in rural areas (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.71), not completed formal education (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI:1.24, 3.02), late initiation of ANC (aOR = 3.05, 95% CI:1.59, 6.54), attended only one ANC (aOR = 4.13, 95% CI: 1.95, 8.74), and not having a mobile phone (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.95).

Conclusion

The level of missing care content during prenatal visits was high in Ethiopia, with significant spatial variation across regions. Health systems and policymakers should promote early initiation and encourage multiple visits to provide optimal care to pregnant women. In addition, it is vital to focus on enhancing education and healthcare infrastructure in rural parts of the country.
Protokol Otentikasi Menggunakan Konstruksi Matriks Komutatif Atas Matriks Aljabar Max-Plus
Authors: Mufarij Anna Ziaulhaq  , Muhamad Zaki Riyanto
Published: November 2024

Aljabar max-plus adalah himpunan dilengkapi operasi penjumlahan didefinisikan sebagai operasi maksimum dan operasi perkalian didefinisikan sebagai operasi penjumlahan.Konsep aljabar max-plus diperluas untuk membentuk suatu himpunan matriks atas aljabar max-plus.Lebih lanjut himpunan matriks atas aljabar max-plus merupakan struktur semiring non komutatif.Linde dan Puente [1] telah mengkonstruksi suatu matriks yang bersifat komutatif terhadap operasi perkalian pada matriks atas aljabar max-plus, selanjutnyaMuanalifah dan Sergeev[2] menggunakan konstruksi matriks komutatif tersebut untuk diaplikasikan pada kriptografi, yaitu pada protokol pertukaran kunci Stickel. Artikel ini akan mengembangkan protokol pertukaran kunci tersebut menjadi suatu protokol otentikasi. Fungsi protokol otentikasi yaitu untuk memastikan kebenaran identitas pihak pengirim kepada pihak penerima, agar tidak terjadi pemalsuan data pengirim.Penggunaan matriks komutatif atas aljabar max-plus dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan keamanan protokol otentikasi dari pihak yang hendak menyadap protokol otentikasi tersebut.
The max-plus algebra is a set that completed addition operations defined as maximum operations and multiplication operations defined as addition operations. The concept of max-plus algebra is extended to form a matrix set over max-plus algebra. Furthermore, the set of matrices over max-plus algebra is a noncommutative semiring structure. Linde and Puente [1] has constructed a matrix that is commutative to multiplication operations on matrices over max-plus algebra, then Muanalifah and Sergeev[2] uses the commutative matrix construction to be applied to Stickel key exchange protocol. This article will develop the key exchange protocol into an authentication protocol.The function of the authentication protocol is to ensure the correctness of the identity of the sending party to the receiving party, so that falsification of sender data does not occur. The use of commutative matrices over max-plus algebra is intended to increase the security of authentication protocols from those who want to intercept the authentication protocol.
Perbandingan Metode Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) dan Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) Pada Klasifikasi Penyakit Cedera Panggul
Authors: Aisah Siti Nur , Dian Candra Rini Novitasari  , Farida Yuniar
Published: November 2024

Nyeri punggung bawah merupakan sebuah masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi di dunia dan termasuk penyebab utama kecacatan.  Di Indonesia  pada tahun 2019 Hernia menduduki peringkat kedelapan penyakit terbanyak dengan jumlah kasus 292.145. Selain Hernia ganguan atau penyakit yang terjadi pada tulang panggul juga disebabkan karena menderita penyakit Spondylolithesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi penyakit cedera panggul menggunakan Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) dan Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM). Hasil uji coba terbaik yaitu dengan Nilai akurasi, sensitivitas dan spesifitas yaitu 90.25%, 88.66%, dan 92.22% untuk metode KELM.
Peramalan Return Saham Subsektor Perbankan Menggunakan Model ARIMA-GARCH
Authors: Fadhilah Dila Nur , Kankan Parmikanti  , Budi Nurani Ruchjana
Published: November 2024

Subsektor perbankan berperan penting dalam meningkatkan iklim investasi dan pertumbuhan pasar modal di Indonesia melalui penerbitan dan penjualan saham, yang turut berkontribusi dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Peramalan return harga saham berfungsi untuk meminimalisir kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh fluktuasi. Namun, fluktuasi ini dapat menyebabkan terjadinya heteroskedastisitas yang tidak dapat ditangani oleh pemodelan time series biasa, seperti Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) sehingga membutuhkan model Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) untuk menangani volatilitas terkait heteroskedastisitas. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji model gabungan ARIMA dan GARCH berupa ARIMA-GARCH dan menaksir parameter menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Model ARIMA-GARCH diterapkan pada data harga penutupan saham harian Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (BBRI) pada periode 1 Februari 2019 hingga 2 Januari 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik dalam peramalan return harga saham adalah model ARIMA (2,0,2)-GARCH (1,1) dan menghasilkan nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) sebesar 0,01628. Kemudian, hasil peramalan menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas meningkat dari periode pertama hingga periode ke enam.
Penerapan Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbour Pada Penyakit Jantung
Authors: Rohmatul Maula  , Saiful Bahri
Published: November 2024

Jantung adalah organ paling penting yang dimiliki oleh manusia. Apabila terjadi kerusakan yang disebabkan penyempitan pembuluh darah, maka akan menyebabkan penyakit jantung. Penyakit jantung menempati urutan pertama kematian utama di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan orang yang mempunyai penyakit jantung atau tidak dengan beberapa tahapan pemeriksaan medis. Evaluasi terhadap data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan confusion matrix. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan variabel penelitian sebanyak 13 dan jumlah data sebanyak 1025. Data tersebut kemudian   dibagi menjadi data training dan testing dengan perbandingan 80:20. Menggunakan metode K-Neirest Neighbour dapat diperoleh nilai K yang menunjukkan akurasi terbaik dalam pengklasifikasian. Nilai K yang menunjukkan evaluasi terbaik yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai K = 2 dengan akurasi 89 %, sensitifitas (recall) 82 %, dan spesitifitas 97 %.
Sección de estudios penales integración de la imputabilitas y de la neuroimputabilidad: propuesta de un enfoque analítico conjunto
Authors: Rodríguez Ferrández Samuel
Published: November 2024

Este artículo examina dos enfoques clave en la atribución de la responsabilidad penal: el propio de la imputabilitas, basada en el análisis filosófico-jurídico de la capacidad del individuo para comprender y actuar conforme a la norma, y el de la neuroimputabilidad, que incorpora los avances de la neurociencia para evaluar cómo determinadas enfermedades mentales y trastornos neurológicos afectan al comportamiento delictivo. El trabajo destaca las fortalezas y limitaciones de ambos planteamientos, argumentando que la integración de estas perspectivas puede ofrecer una evaluación más completa y justa de la responsabilidad penal. El elemento imputabilitas, de raíz filosófico-jurídica, se puede y debe complementar con el análisis empírico de la neuroimputabilidad, obteniendo un marco metodológico coherente para abordar casos complejos que implican determinadas enfermedades mentales y trastornos neurológicos. Esta integración no solo ha de enriquecer la estructura analítica del delito que se aplique, sino que también puede ofrecer valiosas aportaciones prácticas para el sistema de justicia penal contemporáneo.
Pohoda (well-being) učitelů a žáků ve škole – aktuální téma s různorodým uchopením
Authors: Mareš Jiří , Kucharská Anna
Published: November 2024

Přehledová studie se věnuje pojmu, jenž vzbuzuje v posledních desetiletích zvýšený zájem odborníků z různých oborů, třebaže jeho základy položili filozofové už v antickém Řecku (viz dva základní přístupy – hedonismus a eudaimonismus). Navíc jde o pojem, pro nějž se obtížně hledá český ekvivalent. Mnozí čeští autoři tento pojem nepřekládají a pracují s celosvětově používaným anglickým termínem well-being. Jiná skupina českých autorů pracuje s termínem pohoda či osobní pohoda. Výklad celé problematiky je rozdělen do osmi částí. První část přibližuje staletou historii pojmu pohoda (well-being) a jeho proměny od antiky až po dnešek. Druhá část shrnuje současné snahy o definování pojmu pohoda a upozorňuje, že odborníci zatím nedospěli ke konsenzu. Třetí část nabízí přehled celého spektra teorií pohody a snaží se vysvětlit, z čeho vycházejí, na co kladou důraz a jak se dají využít. Čtvrtá část je zajímavá tím, že ukazuje, jak se jednotlivé vědní obory navzájem odlišují v chápání pohody a v práci s ní. Pro ilustraci byly vybrány tyto obory: medicína, pedagogika, psychologie, sociologie a nejnovější trend – multidisciplinární přístup. Pátá část přehledové studie prezentuje rozdílné typy pohody, které se v zahraniční odborné literatuře objevují. Naše analýza identifikovala celkem 30 různých typů pohody. Šestá část výkladu se soustřeďuje na diagnostikování pohody. Nabízí soubor 21 dotazníků zjišťujících míru pohody u dětí, adolescentů i dospělých osob. Sedmá část si zvolila téma, které zajímá širokou veřejnost, neboť se zamýšlí nad současnými poznatky o pohodě a nepohodě v prostředí školy. Poslední, osmá část přehledové studie nabízí pohled na intervence, které se snaží zlepšovat úroveň pohody u dětí a adolescentů.
T Cells in the Pathogenesis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Current Knowledge
Authors: Hrušková Zdenka , Marečková H. , Říhová Z. , Ryšavá R. , Jančová E. , Merta M. , Tesař V.
Published: November 2024

AAV are a group of systemic immune-mediated diseases with a strong and highly specific association with ANCA. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that ANCA might play a direct pathogenic role in triggering AAV. Nevertheless, effectors of cell-mediated immunity prevail in the inflammation sites in patients with AAV. Numerous studies found increased markers of T-cell activation in AAV. Moreover, this activation persisted even in remission and despite treatment. Finally, successful therapeutic attempts using T cell-directed treatment were also reported. There has therefore been substantial evidence that T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of AAV, even though the exact mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this review, recent findings on the contribution of T cells to the pathogenic processes in AAV will be briefly summarized. Special emphasis will be placed on the Th1/Th2 concept, the role of T-regulatory cells, and the role of effector memory T cells in the pathogenesis of AAV.
Frequency of Representative Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
Authors: Hošek J. , Bartošová Ladislava , Gregor P. , Kolorz M. , Dítě P. , Bátovský M. , Bartoš M.
Published: November 2024

Involvement of genetic factors in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been known for a long time. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of polymorphisms in NOD2, ICAM-1 and CCR5 genes in Czech and Slovak patients with IBD in comparison with healthy controls. The frequency of well-known mutations (R702W, G908W and 1007fs in the NOD2 gene; K469E in the ICAM-1 gene, and Δ32 in the CCR5 gene) involved in IBD was tested in 45 patients with CD and 22 patients with UC. The allele frequency of these mutations was determined and genotype-phenotype correlation was specified. Isolated DNA was genotyped, and allele frequency was counted and statistically verified. Significant differences between the healthy control group and CD patients were observed in mutation 1007fs of the NOD2 gene (P = 0.0203). We also associated allele E469 of the ICAM-1 gene with CD (P = 0.0024). No significant association between other alleles and CD was found, and no gene variation was linked to UC. The number of mutations and mutated genes was higher among patients with CD than among patients with UC. Our results support previous findings about participation of mutations of NOD2 and ICAM-1 genes in IBD. We confirmed that both CD and UC are polygenic diseases with a gene-dosage effect. This observation strengthens the opinion that genetic factors play a more important role in CD than in UC.
The Combined Effect of Ultrasound Exposure and Cisplatin on Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells A2780
Authors: Bernard V. , Škorpíková J. , Mornstein Vojtěch
Published: November 2024

This article deals with an in vitro study of the effect of cisplatin and low intensity ultrasound exposure on the viability of human ovarial carcinoma cells A2780. The effect on the viability of 103 cell experimental group samples under the influence of separate and combined cisplatin and ultrasound far field exposure was studied. Viable cells in individual experimental groups were followed at time intervals of 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours following treatment. Another objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the experimental protocol on the combined effect of cisplatin and ultrasound exposure. The effect of the concurrent application of cisplatin and ultrasound exposure was compared with that in which cisplatin was added to the cell suspension after ultrasound exposure. The results of this work confirmed the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and possible stimulation of cancer cells by low intensity ultrasound. However, it was found that ultrasound exposure enhances the action of cisplatin on the viability of A2780 cells and that the effect is dependent on the experimental protocol. In this case the concurrent application of cisplatin and ultrasound was found to be more effective (P < 0.05).
A politikai hatalom és erő kérdése a nemzetközi segélyezésben
Authors: Solymári Dániel
Published: November 2024

Az „Afrika felemelkedőben” gondolat nem újkeletű a fejlesztési segélyezéssel és általában az afrikai kérdésekkel foglalkozók körében. Az 1960-as évek óta váltakozó intenzitással jelennek meg „afro-optimista” és „afro-pesszimista” elképzelések arra vonatkozóan, hogy miként dominálhat a helyi szakemberek és vezetők saját hangja a döntéshozatal és segélyfelhasználás összefüggésében. Az Afrika Unió Agenda 2063 „The Africa We Want”, azaz „Afrika, ahogy mi akarjuk” elnevezésű terve illeszkedik ebbe az ívbe és arra ösztönöz, hogy más is újra és újra feltegye magának ezt a kérdést. Különösen a fejlesztési segélyezéssel foglalkozó szakemberek, akik hatást kívánnak gyakorolni az afrikai társadalmakra. Jelen írás különálló részekben, összefüggő gondolatokat egységet alkotva járja körül a segélyezés néhány alapvető kérdését és szakirányát.
Szafarivezetőként Dél-Afrikában
Authors: Balogh Balázs
Published: November 2024

A Dél-afrikai Köztársaság gazdaságának egyik legfontosabb pillérévé mára az ökoturizmus, ezen belül is - flórájának és faunájának adottságait kihasználva - a szafariturizmus nőtte ki magát. A nemzeti parkok valamint a magánkézben lévő vadrezervátumok munkalehetőséget biztosítanak a társadalom számos rétegéből származóknak a szállásadóktól és szafarivezetőktől az ökológusokon és tudományos kutatómunkát végzőkön át a helyi rurális térségekben élőkig. Ez a beszámoló összefoglalni igyekszik a dél-afrikai szafariturizmus kínálati oldalának néhány általános jellemvonását, személyes tapasztalatok alapján bemutatja a szafarivezetői képzést, és bepillantást enged a szakma kulisszái mögé az Amakhala rezervátum konkrét példáján keresztül.
A griók és hangszereik
Authors: Brauer-Benke József
Published: November 2024

Összességében úgy tűnik, hogy a nyugat-afrikai zenészek kasztjai, az úgynevezett griók és mások többféle hangszert használtak, attól függően, hogy milyen funkciót és milyen társadalmi rétegnek nyújtottak zenei szolgáltatást. Az epikus előadásokhoz használt cora hárfa-lantot énekkíséretre használták, akárcsak a lantokat és korábban a vonóhárfákat. A balafonok és a fidulák erős szakrális háttérrel rendelkeztek, a fuvolák használata pedig a falusi grió zenészekre lehetett jellemző, ezért nem tekinthető a griók jellegzetes hangszerének. A különböző dobtípusok, mint például a homokóra, a hosszú és a tölcsérdob eredeti funkciója a nyilvános történetek, hivatalos bejelentések és fontos személyeket dicsőítő versek zenei kísérete volt, majd a társadalmi változások következtében Afrikában egyre profánabbá váló szertartásos események kísérőjévé, a világzenében pedig jellemzően a színpadi táncok kísérőjévé váltak. Ez utóbbi fejlődés azzal is magyarázható, hogy a nyugati közvélemény hajlamos a szubszaharai Afrika zenéjét a dobokkal azonosítani. Ehhez kapcsolódóan a dzsembe használata az egyetlen olyan hangszer a griót hangszerek közül, amely Afrikán kívül is elterjedt, mivel multikulturális hangszerként a különböző ideológiák, például a pánafrikanizmus, a Black Lives Matter mozgalom vagy más, a globalizmushoz kapcsolódó mozgalmak ikonikus hangszerévé vált.
Do ponto de vista da diferença: cultura, mediação e fronteira
Authors: Neto Edgar Rodrigues Barbosa
Published: November 2024

Este artigo pretende demonstrar a seguinte hipótese: a fronteira que é flexibilizada pela transversalidade da diferença – trata-se, afinal, de uma categoria que se encontra simetricamente posicionada em vários lugares – não contradiz o fato de que, na passagem de um para outro desses lugares, outras fronteiras sejam produzidas. Tal é a ambigüidade que procuro analisar neste texto: o modo como uma categoria simétrica produz ou pode produzir percepções e práticas assimétricas.
Patrimônio cultural arqueológico: instrumento de desenvolvimento turístico
Authors: Bastos Rossano Lopes
Published: November 2024

O presente trabalho trata das perspectivas de aproveitamento do Patrimônio Cultural Arqueológico como instrumento de desenvolvimento turístico.
Editorial
Authors: Cerqueira Fábio Vergara
Published: November 2024

Este terceiro número dos Cadernos do LEPAARQ, que ora lançamos, representa a consolidação da revista, mantendo a sua  periodicidade e trazendo a público artigos que ilustram um importante debate que os tempos atuais colocam ao arqueólogo: sua atuação na sociedade e sua contribuição para o  desenvolvimento social e econômico.
The Overexpression of eIF4E Decreases Oxytocin Levels and Induces Social Cognitive Behavioral Disorders in Mice
Authors: Wang Juan , Chen Sijie , Zhao Miao , Zheng Lizhen , Huang Xinxin , Hong Xin , Kang Jie , Ou Ping , Huang Longsheng
Published: November 2024

Overexpression of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) gene has been associated with excessive stereotypic behaviors and reduced sociability, which manifest as autism-like social cognitive deficits. However, the precise mechanisms by whicheIF4Eoverexpression insufficiently induces these autism-like behaviors and the specific brain regions implicated remain insufficiently understood. Oxytocin (OXT), a neurotransmitter known for its role in social behavior, has been proposed to modulate certain autism-related symptoms by influencing microglial function and attenuating neuroinflammation. Nonetheless, the contributions of the hippocampus and oxytocin in the content ofeIF4Eoverexpression-induced autistic behaviors remain elucidated. To investigate this issue, researchers utilized the three-chamber social interaction test, the open-field test, and the Morris water maze to evaluate the social cognitive behaviors of the two groups of mice. Additionally, ELISA, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR were employed to quantify oxytocin levels and assess hippocampal microglial activation. The results indicate that overexpression ofeIF4Ein mice is associated with significant impairments in social cognition, alongside pronounced marked hyperactivation of hippocampal microglia.
Samson in the Galilee—and Beyond
Authors: Britt Karen , Boustan Ra‘anan
Published: November 2024

The authors of the present essay have been working together since 2014 to publish the mosaics from the late Roman synagogue in the village of Huqoq in eastern Lower Galilee. The final season of active excavation in summer 2023 has prompted us to reflect on how the task of interpreting the Huqoq mosaics has been informed by and has responded to ongoing excavation at the site. We focus here on the mosaic that depicts the exploits of the biblical figure Samson, emphasizing the serendipitous nature of the sequence and pace of discovery and how these factors shaped our analysis and interpretation of the mosaic fragments. The story of this discovery offers a cautionary tale, demonstrating the dangers of cordoning off the study of synagogue art from its wider contexts. We argue that an air of exceptionalism surrounds the study of ancient synagogues in Israel. Methodologies that constrain the scope of research to conform to fixed ideas about social, cultural, and religious boundaries end up offering sterile interpretations of material that is better viewed in dynamic and open-ended terms. The Huqoq mosaics have demonstrated, again and again, the interconnectedness of Mediterranean visual culture.
Binding the Heart
Authors: Balberg Mira
Published: November 2024

This article proposes a combined analysis of late ancient magical and rabbinic texts that deal with control and subordination of renegade enslaved persons. These texts reveal some of the ways in which slaveholders utilized physical coercion, whether real or imagined, to transform or overpower enslaved persons’ will and interior dispositions. The first part of the article examines two spells used for returning runaway slaves (or otherwise, for preventing slaves from running away), with emphasis on these spells’ resonance with erotic magic that is meant to transform the beloved’s feelings toward the lover. The second part of the article argues that talmudic discussions of enslaved persons’ transition into slavery display similar tensions between autonomy and coercion, between the fantasy that slaves would form a genuine commitment to their enslaver and the fear that acknowledging a slave’s independent will would undo the enslaver’s power altogether. Taken together, these texts offer a series of powerful images through which we may begin to explore some of the discursive and performative tools that late ancient Jewish enslavers used to negotiate their anxieties regarding those they enslaved.
Non-canonical spatial organization of heterochromatin in mouse preimplantation embryos
Authors: Bonnet-Garnier Amélie , Ancelin Katia
Published: November 2024

In brief

Spatial genome organization refers to the arrangement of chromosomes within the nucleus, undergoing significant chromatin remodeling during the early stages of mammalian development. This review explores the mechanisms behind this organization, focusing on heterochromatin and its potential role in regulating embryonic genome expression.

Spatial genome organization refers to the conformation of the chromosomes and their relative positioning within the nucleus. In mammals, fertilization entails intense chromatin remodeling of parental genomes, as well as large-scale structural changes in nuclear organization of the newly formed zygote over the first two cell cleavages. The molecular characteristics, mechanisms and functionality of spatial genome organization during the early steps of development in mice have been extensively studied and will be presented in this review, with a specific focus on heterochromatin. Concomitant with the maturation of genomic architecture, embryonic genome activation occurs in transient waves of transcription. Here, we will also discuss the putative link between heterochromatin organization and regulation of genome expression.
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
Authors:   Autor(en)
Published: November 2024

Abstract_dt.
Saliendo del templo: evangélicos en la arena política uruguaya del siglo XXI
Authors: Sotelo Bovino María Victoria
Published: November 2024

This article examines the participation of evangelical figures in Uruguayan politics in the 21st century, analyzing their agendas, projects, and effects in the political and religious spheres. It begins with the diversity within the evangelical field, between biblical conservatives and historical liberationists. Using mixed methods, it observes the evolution of Uruguayan evangelicals from a pietistic withdrawal to active political participation. In Uruguay, biblical conservative evangelicals dominate politics with pro-life, pro-family, and anti-gender ideology positions. However, there are historical liberationist evangelical politicians with different positions. Evangelical figures in politics have not formed a party or a specific bench. Although most of them belong to the National Party, they are distributed in several parties and lack organic coordination.
Znaczenie profesjonalnego wsparcia psychologicznego wśród personelu pielęgniarskiego środowiska anestezjologii i intensywnej terapii
Authors: Winnik-Miklaszewicz Karolina , Lewandowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Wstęp Pielęgniarki i pielęgniarze anestezjologiczni to grupa zawodowa silnie narażona na stres w środowisku pracy. Zjawisko to spowodowane jest ciągłym kontaktem z drugim człowiekiem, oczekującym od personelu pełnego zaangażowania, profesjonalnej opieki medycznej, wysokiej sprawności oraz efektywności działania, wysokiej koncentracji. Rozwijanie umiejętności konstruktywnego radzenia sobie ze stresem jest kluczowe dla zapobiegania występowaniu następstw długotrwałego przeciążenia psychicznego personelu. Cel Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie zapotrzebowania profesjonalnego wsparcia psychologa dla pielęgniarek anestezjologicznych oraz wpływu opieki psychologicznej na pracę zespołu pielęgniarskiego. Materiał i metody Badanie przekrojowe wykorzystujące metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z użyciem wystandaryzowanych narzędzi: Inwentarz do Pomiaru Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem-Mini Cope oraz Skala Satysfakcji z Życia. Grupa badawcza liczyła 70 pielęgniarek i pielęgniarzy anestezjologicznych pracujących w środowisku anestezjologii i intensywnej terapii, posiadających szkolenie specjalizacyjne lub kurs kwalifikacyjny w dziedzinie pielęgniarstwa anestezjologicznego i intensywnej opieki oraz będących w trakcie zdobywania uprawnień. Wyniki Większość ankietowanych (57 osób, 81,4%) wykazała chęć i potrzebę korzystania z pomocy psychologa, jednak tylko część z nich (22 osoby, 31,4%) takie wsparcie ma zapewnione w zakładzie pracy. Pielęgniarki anestezjologiczne deklarowały wysokie nasilenie poziomu stresu. Czynnikami najbardziej stresogennymi dla pielęgniarek były: odpowiedzialność za ludzkie życie, ryzyko popełnienia błędu, nadmiar obowiązków. Badani najczęściej deklarowali aktywne radzenie sobie, planowanie oraz poszukiwanie wsparcia emocjonalnego, jako strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem zawodowym. Wnioski W badanej grupie pielęgniarek deklarowane nasilenie stresu w pracy jest wysokie oraz istnieje duże zapotrzebowanie na opiekę psychologiczną. Większość pielęgniarek jest pozbawiona profesjonalnej opieki psychologicznej w zakładzie pracy lub nie wie, czy taka forma pomocy jest dla nich dostępna. Dla pielęgniarek anestezjologicznych odpowiedzialność za ludzkie życie, ryzyko popełnienia błędu oraz nadmiar obowiązków są czynnikami najbardziej stresogennymi w pracy.