bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buen Vivir under Correa: The Rhetoric of Participatory Democracy, the Reality of Rentier Populism
Authors: Posner Paul W.
Published: June 2022

This article seeks to understand the relationship between populism and participatory democracy through analysis of Rafael Correa’s left populist regime in Ecuador (2007–2017). It argues that rather than adhering to its own standard for participatory democracy, what the Correa regime referred to as the “Socialism ofBuen Vivir,” it employed the rhetoric of participatory democracy in the service of populist rule. As a result, the Correa regime failed to promote the participatory form of democracy and citizenship promised in Buen Vivir, its version of twenty-first-century socialism. Accordingly, analysis of the Correa regime demonstrates how the concentration of top-down executive power characteristic of populism in general, and rentier populism in particular, impedes the egalitarian and solidaristic mission of participatory democracy. Thus, inductive analysis of the Correa regime reinforces the conceptual understanding that populism is antagonistic and antithetical to participatory democracy.
Stalagmite evidence for Early Holocene multidecadal hydroclimate variability in Ethiopia
Authors: Asrat Asfawossen , Baker Andy , Duan Wuhui , Leng Melanie J. , Boomer Ian , Akter Rabeya , Mariethoz Gregoire , Adler Lewis , Jex Catherine N. , Yadeta Meklit , Wang Lisheng
Published: June 2022

A multiproxy oxygen and carbon isotope (δ13C and δ18O), growth rate, and trace element stalagmite paleoenvironmental record is presented for the Early Holocene from Ethiopia. The annually laminated stalagmite grew from 10.6 to 10.4 ka and from 9.7 to 9.0 ka with a short hiatus at ~9.25 ka. Statistically significant and coherent spectral frequencies in δ13C and δ18O are observed at 15–25 and 19–23 years, respectively. The observed ~1‰ amplitude variability in stalagmite δ18O is likely forced by nonequilibrium deposition, due to kinetic effects during the progressive degassing of CO2 from the water film during stalagmite formation. These frequencies are similar to the periodicity reported for other Holocene stalagmite records from Ethiopia, suggesting that multidecadal variability in stalagmite δ18O is typical. Several processes can lead to this multidecadal variability and operate in different directions. A hydroclimate forcing is likely the primary control on the extent of the partial evaporation of soil and shallow epikarst water and associated isotopic fractionation. The resulting oxygen isotope composition of percolation water is subsequently modulated by karst hydrology. Further isotopic fractionation is possible in-cave during nonequilibrium stalagmite deposition. Combined with possible recharge biases in drip-water δ18O, these processes can generate multidecadal δ18O variability.
Translating the Hand into Print: Johann Neudörffer's Etched Writing Manual
Authors: Meurer Susanne
Published: June 2022

By their very nature writing manuals encourage viewer participation, as they illustrate how to form lines into letters. In Johann Neudörffer's “Gute Ordnung” (Good order, 1538–50s) this genesis of lines extends beyond pure pedagogy. By displaying etchings in mirror writing alongside true-sided counterproofs, Neudörffer invites viewers to consider methods of mechanical production of seemingly handwritten lines. His text-images share their self-aware attention to linear aesthetics and process with drawings and etchings by Albrecht Altdorfer and Albrecht Dürer. As Neudörffer's manual taught the formation of beautiful written lines, it also trained contemporaries to become sophisticated consumers of linear beauty in figurative art.
Doctoral Mentorship Practices in Canadian Political Science
Authors: Berdahl Loleen , Malloy Jonathan , Young Lisa
Published: June 2022

Supervisors shape the PhD student experience and play a critical role in students’ development. To what extent and in what ways are faculty engaged in mentorship? Are faculty mentoring more or differently now than in the past? This study of political science faculty from political science departments offering PhD programs in the English language finds that graduate supervision is changing over time, with mentorship practices becoming both more common and more varied. Supervisors do not appear to be simply replicating their own limited experience of mentorship as a PhD student. Instead, supervisors are becoming more actively and directly involved in their students’ research careers in ways that increase their students’ career opportunities. There is opportunity for institutions, at both the university and department level, to further invest in building the capacity and ability of supervisors to be effective mentors.
Physiological behaviour and nutritional status of coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. Castillo) trees in response to biochar application
Authors: Sanchez-Reinoso A. D. , Lombardini L. , Restrepo-Díaz H.
Published: June 2022

Applying coffee pulp biochar (BC) can be a complementary practice to the application of chemical fertilizers (CF) of crops; however, little evidence of its combined effects on coffee cultivation has been reported. A field trial was carried out during two evaluation years (2019 and 2020) to analyse the effect of the application of different BC doses (0, 4, 8 and 16 t/ha) in combination with four levels of fertilization (0, 33, 66 and 100% of the nutritional requirements) on physiological responses of 3-year-old coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. Castillo) trees. The results indicated that trees with 0 t/ha BC and 0% CF showed the lowest values in all the physiological variables studied (gs = 269.9 and 126.8 mmol/m2/s; Chl = 61.7 and 54.7 At-leaf readings; yield = 0.21 and 0.22 kg of dry parchment coffee (DPC)/tree for 2019 and 2020, respectively). Coffee trees treated with 8 t/ha BC and CF levels of 100% registered the highest results in gs (424.9 and 366.9 mmol/m2/s), Chl (71.1 and 69.8 At-leaf readings), yield (0.41 and 0.57 kg of DPC/tree) in 2019 and 2020, respectively. In conclusion, the application of BC from coffee pulp, especially at a dose of 8 t/ha, generates a positive effect on yield, gs, leaf nutrient concentration and Chl of coffee trees. The use of BC can be an alternative to complement the mineral nutrition of commercial coffee crops to help reduce the application of CF.
Substitution of various agricultural by-products improves fermentation profile and in vitro digestibility of rice straw silage
Authors: Chen Sifan , Li Junfeng , Dong Zhihao , Wang Jian , Zhao Jie , Wang Siran , Jia Yushan , Shao Tao
Published: June 2022

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of substituting rice straw with citrus pulp (CRP), sweet potato peels (SPP) and vines (SPV) on fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility when ensiled with or without wet brewers' grains (WBG). Seven treatments were set as follows: (i) rice straw only (control); (ii) 800 g rice straw/kg + 200 g CRP/kg (RC); (iii) 720 g rice straw/kg + 180 g CRP/kg + 100 g WBG/kg (RC+); (iv) 800 g rice straw/kg + 200 g SPP/kg (RP); (v) 720 g rice straw + 180 g SPP/kg + 100 g WBG/kg (RP+); (vi) 800 g rice straw/kg + 200 g SPV/kg (RV); (vii) 720 g rice straw/kg + 180 g SPV/kg + 100 g WBG/kg (RV+). After ensiling for 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, silos were opened for fermentation profile, aerobic stability and in vitro parameter analyses. All substitution types improved fermentation quality, characterized by significantly lower pH and NH3-N content, higher lactic acid content and V-scores. WBG application promoted hetero-fermentation and significantly increased DM losses, acetic acid and ethanol contents. After 60 days of ensiling, the NDF, ADF and cellulose contents in mixed silages significantly decreased compared to control. During aerobic exposure, WBG application significantly prolonged aerobic stability. SPV substitution significantly improved in vitro digestibility of dry matter, NDF and ADF. In conclusion, the SPP substitution combined with WBG application was recommended as a result of the optimal balance of fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility.
Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression and non-communicable disease risk
Authors: Piernas Carmen , Gao Min , Jebb Susan A.
Published: June 2022

Most current nutrition policies and dietary recommendations still reflect decades of research addressing the mechanism of action or health risks of individual nutrients. Yet, most high-income countries including the UK are far from reaching the dietary intakes which are recommended for good health. Food-based dietary patterns (DPs) can help target specific combinations of foods that are associated with disease risk, recognising the coexistence of multiple nutrients within foods and their potential synergistic effects. Reduced rank regression (RRR) has emerged as a useful exploratory approach which uses a priori knowledge of the pathway from diet to disease to help identify DPs which are associated with disease risk in a particular population. Here we reviewed the literature with a focus on longitudinal cohort studies using RRR to derive DPs and reporting associations with non-communicable disease risk. We also illustrated the application of the RRR approach using data from the UK Biobank study, where we derived DPs that explained high variability in a set of nutrient response variables. The main DP was characterised by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter and low-fibre bread, and low intakes of fresh fruit and vegetables and showed particularly strong associations with CVD, type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality, which is consistent with previous studies that derived ‘Western’ or unhealthy DPs. These recent studies conducted in the UK Biobank population together with evidence from previous cohort studies contribute to the emerging evidence base to underpin food-based dietary advice for non-communicable disease prevention.
Political Competition and Authoritarian Repression
Authors: Edwards Pearce
Published: June 2022

abstract

Authoritarian regimes repress to prevent mass resistance to their rule. In doing so, regimes’ security forces require information about the dissidents who mobilize such resistance. Political competition, which fuels partisan rivalries, offers one solution to this problem by motivating civilians to provide needed information to security forces. Yet civilians share information about any political opponents, not just dissidents, which creates a challenge for regimes that want to target dissidents. Drawing on novel archival data from the immediate aftermath of the 1973 coup that brought Augusto Pinochet to power in Chile, a period that included civilian collaboration with repression, this article presents evidence that close pre-coup political competition is associated with more frequent repression and more targeting of non-dissidents. The author uses pre-coup democratic elections to measure political competition and addresses the challenge of estimating political preferences unaffected by repression. Qualitative evidence and further quantitative tests probe implications of the partisan rivalry mechanism and account for alternative explanations.
Entre mode et variation : une étude variationniste de l’emploi du subjonctif dans un parler du français acadien
Authors: Roussel Basile
Published: June 2022

Cet article s’intéresse à l’emploi du subjonctif en français acadien du nord-est du Nouveau-Brunswick dans les Provinces Maritimes du Canada. Notre point de départ consiste à faire état du site de conflit qui oppose les variétés du français acadien et du français laurentien en ce qui concerne les patrons régissant sa sélection. Il a déjà été démontré que les contraintes sémantiques exercent une influence prépondérante en français acadien alors que du côté laurentien, l’effet de ces contraintes est plutôt dépassé par celui venant de contraintes lexicales et morphosyntaxiques. Nos résultats démontrent que le parler acadien à l’étude affiche des parallèles structuraux avec ce qui est rapporté en français laurentien : En plus d’être contraint à un taux variable de sélection, la productivité du subjonctif est limitée à quelques contextes spécifiques et elle n’est pas tributaire de l’effet exercé par des contraintes sémantiques. Nous suggérons qu’il n’y a pas une seule norme vernaculaire partagée par tous les parlers acadiens quant au conditionnement du subjonctif et nous nous interrogeons sur l’impact des contacts dialectaux sur la structure linguistique du français de cette région.
Potential importance of wind patterns and guidance opportunities for the conservation of the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus in Italy
Authors: Agostini Nicolantonio , Panuccio Michele , von Hardenberg Jost , Monti Flavio
Published: June 2022

Movement ecology and environmental factors are topics of paramount importance to consider when planning conservation programmes for target species. Here we discuss this topic by reviewing the available information related to the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, with reference to the remnant breeding population of Southern Italy, of high conservation concern and subject of a long-term captive-breeding re-stocking programme. We describe how adverse wind conditions over the Central Mediterranean Sea make the sea-crossing challenging with detrimental effects on the survival of inexperienced birds, and coupled this information with count data of migrating Egyptian Vultures. Furthermore, we indicate how low population size and scarce opportunities in meeting migrating conspecifics could potentially lead juvenile Egyptian Vultures to follow unfavourable migratory routes, with possible repercussions on survival. We postulate how these concomitant factors could be indirectly influencing the long-term survival of this small population, principally affected by anthropogenic threats. We also discuss how the same factors could actually be affecting captive-bred young individuals released in late summer in southern continental Italy, in the framework of the restocking programme. An integrative approach with tailor-made release methods, which also takes into account the age of released birds and geographical and environmental factors, would likely be useful for a more goal-oriented and long-lasting conservation outcome, for the preservation of this endangered scavenger.
Cold stratification in winter is more than enough for seed dormancy-break of summer annuals in eastern North America: implications for climate change
Authors: Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M.
Published: June 2022

Germination of seeds of some summer annuals in Kentucky (eastern USA) in late-winter lead to the hypothesis that under present climate conditions the whole length of the winter cold stratification (CS) period is not required for dormancy-break of seeds of summer annuals with physiological dormancy (PD). We evaluated our data from germination phenology studies of 45 species (69 datasets) and buried-seed studies of 33 species (44 datasets). We determined time and temperature of germination after CS and percentage of the total number of hours of CS during winter (% of winter CS) seeds received prior to start of germination. In the phenology studies, mean temperature during the week of first germination for C3 and C4 species was 11.1 and 14.4°C, respectively, and % of winter CS was 80.8 and 87.4, respectively. In the buried-seed studies, % of CS for C3 and C4 species was 40.8 and 48.1, respectively, when they germinated to 25% at 20/10°C. For 32 of 33 species in the buried-seed studies, the minimum temperature at which seeds germinated decreased with increased CS; thus, seeds had Type 2 non-deep PD. The time of germination is controlled by a number of hours of CS, a decrease in minimum temperature at which seeds can germinate and a temperature increase in early spring. Seeds can germinate at relatively high temperatures as early as December and January, but they continue to be CS until spring. Temperature increases in eastern North America due to global warming are not likely to inhibit the germination of summer annuals with PD in spring.
Analysis of inflammatory cytokines in the chest tube drainage of post-operative superior cavopulmonary connection patients
Authors: Goldstein Stephanie A. , Yu Sunkyung , Lowery Ray , Halligan Nadine L. N. , Dahmer Mary K. , Rocchini Albert
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Prolonged pleural effusions are common post Fontan operation and are associated with morbidity. Fontan pleural effusions have elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Little is known about the chest tube drainage after a superior cavopulmonary connection. We examined the chest tube drainage and the inflammatory profiles in post-operative superior cavopulmonary connection patients.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study enrolled 25 patients undergoing superior cavopulmonary connection and 10 age-similar controls. Data are also compared to 25 previously published Fontan patients and their 15 age-similar controls. Chest tube samples were analysed with a 17-cytokine BioPlex Assay. Descriptive statistics and univariate comparisons were made between groups.

Results:

Duration of chest tube drainage was significantly shorter in superior cavopulmonary connection patients (median 4 days, [interquartile range 3–5 days]) versus Fontan patients (10 days, [7–11 days], p < 0.0001). Cytokine concentrations were higher on post-operative day 1 in superior cavopulmonary connection patients versus Fontan patients (all p ≤ 0.01), however levels were comparable to age-similar controls. While proinflammatory IL 8, MIP-1β, and TNF-α concentrations increased in chest tube drainage of Fontan patients from post-operative day 1 to last chest tube day (all p < 0.0001), there was no change in these biomarkers in superior cavopulmonary connection patients, their controls, or Fontan controls.

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates that after superior cavopulmonary connection, proinflammatory cytokines in the chest tube drainage remain similar to biventricular controls of both age groups, unlike the significant rise over time observed in Fontan patients. Inflammation within the chest tube drainage is likely not innate to single ventricle patients.
How the Guidelines for the Implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 contribute to better protection of cultural property
Authors: Hladík Jan
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the contribution of the Guidelines for the Implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (the Guidelines) to better protection of cultural property in peacetime and in times of armed conflict. The first part of the article introduces the Guidelines within the context of the implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1999 Second Protocol) and the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, and provides examples of UNESCO's other standard-setting instruments such as the 1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural or Natural Heritage, the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage and the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, as well as bodies providing for guidelines for these instruments. The second part underscores the most important advances of the Guidelines in the implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol. The third part focuses on the contribution of the Guidelines as subsequent practice in the application of the 1999 Second Protocol establishing the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation in the framework of Article 31(3)(b) of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Finally, the fourth part concludes by highlighting the main advantages of the Guidelines in providing better protection for cultural property.
Elevated Nitrogen Deposition to Fire‐Prone Forests Adjacent to Urban and Agricultural Areas, Colorado Front Range, USA
Authors: Heindel Ruth C. , Murphy Sheila F. , Repert Deborah A. , Wetherbee Gregory A. , Liethen Alexander E. , Clow David W. , Halamka Toby A.
Published: June 2022

As humans increasingly dominate the nitrogen cycle, deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr) will continue to have adverse consequences for ecosystems. In the Rocky Mountains, Nr deposition remains elevated and has become increasingly dominated by ammonium, despite efforts to reduce emissions. Currently, spatial models of Nr deposition do not fully account for urban and agricultural emissions, sources that contribute to the observed high rates of ammonium deposition in adjacent ecosystems. To address this gap in the Colorado Front Range, we measured Nr deposition along a transect from urban and agricultural plains to subalpine forests. We found elevated values of wet Nr deposition at the urban and foothill sites (4.7 and 4.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively), and lower values at the montane and subalpine sites (2.5–2.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Ammonium dominated wet and bulk Nr deposition, accounting for approximately 69% of bulk Nr deposition. Seasonally, bulk Nr deposition was highest in the spring months, when air masses from the plains are transported west into the mountains. Previous work has demonstrated that high elevations of the Colorado Front Range are especially sensitive to Nr deposition due to thin soil and minimal vegetation. Our results indicate that despite lower precipitation, the fire‐prone forested foothills receive even greater Nr deposition than higher elevations, due to proximity to urban and agricultural Nr sources. The interaction between elevated Nr deposition and wildfire in this region may pose a risk to water supplies and ecosystems, and is an important topic for future research.
Creep Rheology of Antigorite: Experiments at Subduction Zone Conditions
Authors: Burdette Eric , Hirth Greg
Published: June 2022

Novel fluid medium pressure cells were used to deform antigorite under constant stress creep conditions at low temperature, low strain rate (10−9 − 10−4 1/s), and high pressure (1 GPa) in a Griggs‐type apparatus. Antigorite cores were deformed at constant temperatures between 75°C and 550°C, by applying 8–12 stress‐strain steps per temperature. The microstructures of deformed samples share features documented in previous work (e.g., shear microcracks), and highlight the importance of basal shear and kinks to antigorite plasticity. Rheological data were fit with a low temperature plasticity law, consistent with a deformation mechanism involving large lattice resistance. When applied at geologic stresses and strain rates, the extrapolated viscosity agrees well with predictions based on subduction zone thermal models.
A Machine Learning Framework to Automate the Classification of Surge‐Type Glaciers in Svalbard
Authors: Bouchayer C. , Aiken J. M. , Thøgersen K. , Renard F. , Schuler T. V.
Published: June 2022

Surge‐type glaciers are present in many cold environments in the world. These glaciers experience a dramatic increase in velocity over short time periods, the surge, followed by an extended period of slow movement, the quiescence. This study aims at understanding why only few glaciers exhibit a transient behavior. We develop a machine learning framework to classify surge‐type glaciers, based on their location, exposure, geometry, climatic mass balance and runoff. We apply this approach to the Svalbard archipelago, a region with a relatively homogeneous climate. We compare the performance of logistic regression, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) machine learning models that we apply to a newly combined database of glaciers in Svalbard. Based on the most accurate model, XGBoost, we compute surge probabilities along glacier centerlines and quantify the relative importance of several controlling features. Results show that the surface and bed slopes, ice thickness, glacier width, climatic mass balance, and runoff along glacier centerlines are the most significant features explaining surge probability for glaciers in Svalbard. A thicker and wider glacier with a low surface slope has a higher probability to be classified as surge‐type, which is in good agreement with the existing theories of surging. Finally, we build a probability map of surge‐type glaciers in Svalbard. The framework shows robustness on classifying surge‐type glaciers that were not previously classified as such in existing inventories but have been observed surging. Our methodology could be extended to classify surge‐type glaciers in other areas of the world.
Significant Ionospheric Hole and Equatorial Plasma Bubbles After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption
Authors: Aa Ercha , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Erickson Philip J. , Vierinen Juha , Coster Anthea J. , Goncharenko Larisa P. , Spicher Andres , Rideout William
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the local and global ionospheric responses to the 2022 Tonga volcano eruption, using ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content (TEC), Swarm in situ plasma density measurements, the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) data, and ionosonde measurements. The main results are as follows: (a) A significant local ionospheric hole of more than 10 TECU depletion was observed near the epicenter ∼45 min after the eruption, comprising of several cascading TEC decreases and quasi‐periodic oscillations. Such a deep local plasma hole was also observed by space‐borne in situ measurements, with an estimated horizontal radius of 10–15° and persisted for more than 10 hr in ICON‐IVM ion density profiles until local sunrise. (b) Pronounced post‐volcanic evening equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were continuously observed across the wide Asia‐Oceania area after the arrival of volcano‐induced waves; these caused a Ne decrease of 2–3 orders of magnitude at Swarm/ICON altitude between 450 and 575 km, covered wide longitudinal ranges of more than 140°, and lasted around 12 hr. (c) Various acoustic‐gravity wave modes due to volcano eruption were observed by accurate Beidou geostationary orbit (GEO) TEC, and the huge ionospheric hole was mainly caused by intense shock‐acoustic impulses. TEC rate of change index revealed globally propagating ionospheric disturbances at a prevailing Lamb‐wave mode of ∼315 m/s; the large‐scale EPBs could be seeded by acoustic‐gravity resonance and coupling to less‐damped Lamb waves, under a favorable condition of volcano‐induced enhancement of dusktime plasma upward E×B drift and postsunset rise of the equatorial ionospheric F‐layer.
CHREBP suppresses gastric cancer progression via the cyclin D1-Rb-E2F1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Zhang Jing , Fu Zhongmao , Zhang Yuan , Luo Zai , Zhang Pengshan , Xu Yitian , Huang Chen
Published: June 2022

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that carbohydrate response element binding protein (CHREBP) has a crucial function in tumor pathology. In this study, we found CHREBP downregulation in gastric cancer (GC) tissues, and CHREBP was determined to be an independent diagnostic marker of GC. The downregulation of CHREBP promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, the level of cyclin D1 was significantly correlated with CHREBP expression in GC and paracancerous normal samples. In addition, CHREBP transcriptionally inhibited cyclin D1 expression in GC cells. Tumor suppressor activity of CHREBP could be affected by the upregulation of cyclin D1. In summary, CHREBP was found to be an independent diagnostic marker of GC and to influence GC growth and apoptosis via targeting the cyclin D1-Rb-E2F1 pathway.
The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the size of pure ductal carcinoma in situ: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roque Ricardo , Cordeiro Mariana Robalo , Armas Mónica , Caramelo Francisco , Caseiro-Alves Filipe , Figueiredo-Dias Margarida
Published: June 2022

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a putative precursor of invasive breast cancer and MRI is considered the most sensitive imaging technique for its detection. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of MRI measuring the pure DCIS size, against pathology, to better understand the role of MRI in the management of this intraductal neoplasm.Potentially eligible studies in MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar, up to January 2021 were considered, and a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the published protocol (Prospero-CRD42021232228) was performed. Outcomes of mean differences and accuracy rates were analysed using IBM® SPSS® v26 and random-effect models in platform R v3.3.Twenty-two cross-sectional studies were selected and 15 proceeded to meta-analysis. MRI accurately predicted 55% of the tumours’ sizes and, according to Bland–Altman plots, concordance between MRI and pathology was greater for smaller tumours. In the meta-analysis, difference of the means between MRI and pathology was 3.85 mm (CI 95% [−0.92;8.60]) with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 96.7%). Subgroup analysis showed similar results for sizes between different MRI fields, temporal resolution, slice thickness and acquisition times, but lower heterogeneity in studies using 3-T MRI (I2 = 57.2%). Results were concordant with low risk of bias studies (2.46, CI 95% [0.57–4.36]), without heterogeneity (I2 = 0%).Therefore, MRI is shown to be an accurate method in pure DCIS size assessment. Once the best MRI protocol is established, evaluation of the impact of pure DCIS size in predicting treatment outcomes will contribute to clarifying current issues related to intraductal breast carcinoma.
High prevalence of somatic PIK3CA and TP53 pathogenic variants in the normal mammary gland tissue of sporadic breast cancer patients revealed by duplex sequencing
Authors: Kostecka Anna , Nowikiewicz Tomasz , Olszewski Paweł , Koczkowska Magdalena , Horbacz Monika , Heinzl Monika , Andreou Maria , Salazar Renato , Mair Theresa , Madanecki Piotr , Gucwa Magdalena , Davies Hanna , Skokowski Jarosław , Buckley Patrick G. , Pęksa Rafał , Śrutek Ewa , Szylberg Łukasz , Hartman Johan , Jankowski Michał , Zegarski Wojciech , Tiemann-Boege Irene , Dumanski Jan P. , Piotrowski Arkadiusz
Published: June 2022

The mammary gland undergoes hormonally stimulated cycles of proliferation, lactation, and involution. We hypothesized that these factors increase the mutational burden in glandular tissue and may explain high cancer incidence rate in the general population, and recurrent disease. Hence, we investigated the DNA sequence variants in the normal mammary gland, tumor, and peripheral blood from 52 reportedly sporadic breast cancer patients. Targeted resequencing of 542 cancer-associated genes revealed subclonal somatic pathogenic variants of: PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, MAP3K1, CDH1, RB1, NCOR1, MED12, CBFB, TBX3, and TSHR in the normal mammary gland at considerable allelic frequencies (9 × 10−2– 5.2 × 10−1), indicating clonal expansion. Further evaluation of the frequently damaged PIK3CA and TP53 genes by ultra-sensitive duplex sequencing demonstrated a diversified picture of multiple low-level subclonal (in 10−2–10−4 alleles) hotspot pathogenic variants. Our results raise a question about the oncogenic potential in non-tumorous mammary gland tissue of breast-conserving surgery patients.
Methylome-wide analysis of IVF neonates that underwent embryo culture in different media revealed no significant differences
Authors: Koeck Rebekka M. , Busato Florence , Tost Jorg , Consten Dimitri , van Echten-Arends Jannie , Mastenbroek Sebastiaan , Wurth Yvonne , Remy Sylvie , Langie Sabine , Nawrot Tim S. , Plusquin Michelle , Alfano Rossella , Bijnens Esmée M. , Gielen Marij , van Golde Ron , Dumoulin John C. M. , Brunner Han , van Montfoort Aafke P. A. , Zamani Esteki Masoud
Published: June 2022

A growing number of children born are conceived through in vitro fertilisation (IVF), which has been linked to an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, as well as altered growth profiles and cardiometabolic differences in the resultant individuals. Some of these outcomes have also been shown to be influenced by the use of different IVF culture media and this effect is hypothesised to be mediated epigenetically, e.g. through the methylome. As such, we profiled the umbilical cord blood methylome of IVF neonates that underwent preimplantation embryo development in two different IVF culture media (G5 or HTF), using the Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip. We found no significant methylation differences between the two groups in terms of: (i) systematic differences at CpG sites or regions, (ii) imprinted sites/genes or birth weight-associated sites, (iii) stochastic differences presenting as DNA methylation outliers or differentially variable sites, and (iv) epigenetic gestational age acceleration.
A qualitative assessment of the pulmonary rehabilitation decision-making needs of patients living with COPD
Authors: Barradell A. C. , Bourne C. , Alkhathlan B. , Larkin M. , Singh S. J.
Published: June 2022

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is highly evidenced but underutilised in patients living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A menu of centre and home-based programmes is available to facilitate uptake but is not routinely offered. An appraisal of the current PR referral approach compared to a menu-based approach was warranted to explore the decision-making needs of patients living with COPD when considering a referral to PR. Face-to-face or telephone, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients diagnosed with COPD and referred to PR and referring HCPs. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the enhanced critical incident technique. 14 HCPs and 11 patients were interviewed (n = 25). Interview data generated 276 critical incidents which informed 28 categories (30 sub-categories). Five high-level themes captured patients’ decision-making needs for PR: Understanding COPD, understanding PR, perceived ability to access PR, a desire to accept PR, and supporting the offer. A menu-based approach would further support patients’ PR decision-making, however, insufficient knowledge of the programmes would limit its perceived feasibility and acceptability. The development of shared decision making interventions (e.g., a patient decision aid) to elicit patient-centred, meaningful discussions about the menu is suggested.
A quantum router architecture for high-fidelity entanglement flows in quantum networks
Authors: Lee Yuan , Bersin Eric , Dahlberg Axel , Wehner Stephanie , Englund Dirk
Published: June 2022

The past decade has seen tremendous progress in experimentally realizing the building blocks of quantum repeaters. Repeater architectures with multiplexed quantum memories have been proposed to increase entanglement distribution rates, but an open challenge is to maintain entanglement fidelity over long-distance links. Here, we address this with a quantum router architecture comprising many quantum memories connected in a photonic switchboard to broker entanglement flows across quantum networks. We compute the rate and fidelity of entanglement distribution under this architecture using an event-based simulator, finding that the router improves the entanglement fidelity as multiplexing depth increases without a significant drop in the entanglement distribution rate. Specifically, the router permits channel-loss-invariant fidelity, i.e. the same fidelity achievable with lossless links. Furthermore, this scheme automatically prioritizes entanglement flows across the full network without requiring global network information. The proposed architecture uses present-day photonic technology, opening a path to near-term deployable multi-node quantum networks.
Experimental quantum simulation of non-Hermitian dynamical topological states using stochastic Schrödinger equation
Authors: Lin Zidong , Zhang Lin , Long Xinyue , Fan Yu-ang , Li Yishan , Tang Kai , Li Jun , Nie XinFang , Xin Tao , Liu Xiong-Jun , Lu Dawei
Published: June 2022

Noise is ubiquitous in real quantum systems, leading to non-Hermitian quantum dynamics, and may affect the fundamental states of matter. Here we report in an experiment a quantum simulation of the two-dimensional non-Hermitian quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) model using the nuclear magnetic resonance processor. Unlike the usual experiments using auxiliary qubits, we develop a stochastic average approach based on the stochastic Schrödinger equation to realize the non-Hermitian dissipative quantum dynamics, which has advantages in saving the quantum simulation sources and simplifying the implementation of quantum gates. We demonstrate the stability of dynamical topology against weak noise and observe two types of dynamical topological transitions driven by strong noise. Moreover, a region where the emergent topology is always robust regardless of the noise strength is observed. Our work shows a feasible quantum simulation approach for dissipative quantum dynamics with stochastic Schrödinger equation and opens a route to investigate non-Hermitian dynamical topological physics.
Identification of stress-related genes by co-expression network analysis based on the improved turbot genome
Authors: Xu Xi-wen , Zheng Weiwei , Meng Zhen , Xu Wenteng , Liu Yingjie , Chen Songlin
Published: June 2022

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), commercially important flatfish species, is widely cultivated in Europe and China. With the continuous expansion of the intensive breeding scale, turbot is exposed to various stresses, which greatly impedes the healthy development of turbot industry. Here, we present an improved high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of turbot using a combination of PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing technologies. The genome assembly spans 538.22 Mb comprising 27 contigs with a contig N50 size of 25.76 Mb. Annotation of the genome assembly identified 104.45 Mb repetitive sequences, 22,442 protein-coding genes and 3,345 ncRNAs. Moreover, a total of 345 stress responsive candidate genes were identified by gene co-expression network analysis based on 14 published stress-related RNA-seq datasets consisting of 165 samples. Significantly improved genome assembly and stress-related candidate gene pool will provide valuable resources for further research on turbot functional genome and stress response mechanism, as well as theoretical support for the development of molecular breeding technology for resistant turbot varieties.
Effect of Rudbeckia laciniata invasion on soil seed banks of different types of meadow communities
Authors: Jędrzejczak Elżbieta , Klichowska Ewelina , Nobis Marcin
Published: June 2022

In the last decades, biological invasions become the main driver of biodiversity loss. The changes can be noticed not only in the above-ground diversity but also in the underground, including seed banks of native vegetation. In this study, we focus onRudbeckia laciniata, a species introduced to many European and Asian countries, to characterize its soil seed bank as well as to answer the question, how the species influenced soil seed banks of meadow plant communities in two types of habitats (fresh and wet), where traditional mowing was abandoned. Within the habitats, we conducted our study on a three-step scale of invasion, from full invasion, through the transition zone to the control zone, where no invasion of the species has been observed so far. The majority of theR. laciniataseeds were located in the surface layer of soil. We detected, that 47% (in fresh meadow) and 56% (wet meadow) of recorded species occurred only in a soil seed bank, and were absent in aboveground vegetation. Emergence of native plants from the soil seed bank is low due to rapid shading of the soil surface byR. laciniataseedlings. However, a short-term seed bank of the species gives hope that returning to regular mowing brings the desired results in its the elimination from vegetation, in a fairly short time.
Molecular characterization of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma identifies genomic aberrations according to hormone receptor expression
Authors: Cheasley Dane , Fernandez Marta Llaurado , Köbel Martin , Kim Hannah , Dawson Amy , Hoenisch Joshua , Bittner Madison , Chiu Derek S. , Talhouk Aline , Gilks C. Blake , Jayawardana Madawa W. , Pishas Kathleen I. , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Provencher Diane , Nigam Abhimanyu , Hacker Neville F. , Gorringe Kylie L. , Campbell Ian G. , Carey Mark S.
Published: June 2022

Hormone receptor expression is a characteristic of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC). Studies investigating estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression levels suggest its prognostic and predictive significance, although their associations with key molecular aberrations are not well understood. As such, we sought to describe the specific genomic profiles associated with different ER/PR expression patterns and survival outcomes in a cohort of patients with advanced disease. The study comprised fifty-five advanced-staged (III/IV) LGSOCs from the Canadian Ovarian Experimental Unified Resource (COEUR) for which targeted mutation sequencing, copy-number aberration, clinical and follow-up data were available. ER, PR, and p16 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Tumors were divided into low and high ER/PR expression groups based on Allred scoring. Copy number analysis revealed that PR-low tumors (Allred score <2) had a higher fraction of the genome altered by copy number changes compared to PR-high tumors (p = 0.001), with cancer genes affected within specific loci linked to altered peptidyl-tyrosine kinase, MAP-kinase, and PI3-kinase signaling. Cox regression analysis showed that ER-high (p = 0.02), PR-high (p = 0.03), stage III disease (p = 0.02), low residual disease burden (p = 0.01) and normal p16 expression (p<0.001) were all significantly associated with improved overall survival. This study provides evidence that genomic aberrations are linked to ER/PR expression in primary LGSOC.
Geoastronomy: Rocky Planets as the Lavoisier–Lomonosov Bridge from the Non-living to the Living World
Authors: Mojzsis Stephen J.
Published: June 2022

Life on Earth emerged at the interface of the planet's geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. This setting serves as our basis for how biological systems originate on rocky planets. Often overlooked, however, is the fact that a terrestrial-type planet's chemical nature is ultimately a product of the Galaxy's long term evolution. Elemental abundances of the major rock-forming elements (e.g. Si, Mg, Fe) can be different for different stars and planets formed at different times in galactic history. These differences mean that we cannot expect small rocky exoplanets to be just like Earth. Furthermore, age of the system dictates starting nuclide inventory from galactic chemical evolution, and past, present and future mantle and crust thermal regimes. A rocky planet's bulk silicate mantle composition modulates the kind of atmosphere and hydrosphere it possesses. Hence, the ingredients of a rocky planet are as important for its potential to host life as proximity to the so-called habitable zone around a star where liquid water is stable at the surface. To make sense of these variables, a new trans-disciplinary approach is warranted that fuses the disciplines of Geology and Astronomy into what is here termed, Geoastronomy.
First Steps of Prebiotic Chemistry Catalyzed by Minerals and Metals
Authors: Huber L. , Trapp O.
Published: June 2022

The proposed pathways for building block formation in prebiotic chemistry are manifold. Recent advances in the development of modern analytical techniques and methods now allow us to make significant progress in the elucidation and exploration of the origin of life. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of metal and mineral mediated pathways to complex organic building blocks. The two main focuses will be the role of iron in this context and mineral catalysis in monosaccharide synthesis.
From Amino Acids to Peptides before the Coming of Ribosomes
Authors: Leqraa N. , Vallée Y.
Published: June 2022

They may have arrived from space, or have been synthesized on our planet; either way, amino acids were present on the early Earth. In this chapter, we present the various ways in which amino acids were able to polymerize to form peptides. Today, proteins are synthesized in ribosomes. In evolved cells, amino acids are first activated into phosphoric-carboxylic anhydrides, before forming esters on tRNAs. Mixed anhydrides are also used in the synthesis of non-ribosomal peptides, but the second intermediates are then thioesters. Amide bonds are obtained from these esters and thioesters. Should we think that anhydrides, esters and/or thioesters were already used before the coming of ribosomes? Or should we imagine simpler ways, directly from acids on mineral surfaces or by making use of activating agents forgotten in today's biology? Masked by the entire genetic history and the inevitability of the ribosome, the answer remains uncertain. It is even difficult to know whether the pre-ribosomal peptides really had an influence on the origin of life as we know it today.
The Handy Formamide Model System for Prebiotic Chemistry
Authors: Saladino R. , Bizzarri B. M. , Di Mauro E.
Published: June 2022

Even if the Origin of Life cannot be discovered, prebiotic models can limit the number of possible scenarios. In this context, formamide chemistry furnishes a general and robust probe to test a top-down approach to LUCA, the Last Common Universal Ancestor.
Corn distillers solubles as a novel bioresource of bioactive peptides with ACE and DPP IV inhibition activity: characterization, in silico evaluation, and molecular docking
Authors: Sharma Sonu , Pradhan Ranjan , Manickavasagan Annamalai , Thimmanagari Mahendra , Dutta Animesh
Published: June 2022

Alcalase was found to be the best enzyme for CDS and the protein hydrolysates produced showed superior inhibition of ACE (98.76 ± 1.28%) and DPP IV (34.99 ± 1.44%). Bioinformatic tools demonstrated potential anti-ACE and anti-DPP IV peptides.
Consumption of oil macerated with garlic produces renovascular protective effects in adult apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Authors: Torres Palazzolo Carolina , Martín Giménez Virna Margarita , Mazzei Luciana , De Paola Matilde , Quesada Isabel , Cuello Carrión Fernando Darío , Fornés Miguel Walter , Camargo Alejandra Beatríz , Castro Claudia , Manucha Walter
Published: June 2022

Organosulfur compounds could confer sunflower oil a beneficial effect and be considered as value-added nutraceuticals.
Modification of the crystallographic parameters in a biomaterial employing a series of gamma radiation doses
Authors: Hossain Md. Sahadat , Shaikh Md. Aftab Ali , Rahaman Md. Saifur , Ahmed Samina
Published: June 2022

A well-known biomaterial, hydroxyapatite (HAp), was synthesized by employing a wet chemical precipitation method utilizing orthophosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide.
Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of CF3-isoquinolinones via C–H activation/annulation of benzoic acids and CF3-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Wen Si , Zhang Yuqing , Tian Qingyu , Chen Yanhui , Cheng Guolin
Published: June 2022

The synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylisoquinolinones by a ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation reaction of benzoic acids and CF3-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides has been achieved.