bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Combined Inotropic and Vasorelaxant Effect of DHQ-11, A Conjugate of Flavonoid Dihydroquercetin with Isoquinoline Alkaloid 1-Aryl-6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2.3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline.
Authors: Usmanov Pulat B. , Jumayev Inoyat Z. , Rustamov Shavkat Yu. , Zaripov Abdisalim A. , Esimbetov Adilbay T. , Zhurakulov Sherzod N. , Vinogradova Valentina I.
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the positive inotropic andvasorelaxant activity ofDHQ-11, aconjugate of flavonoid dihydroquercetin with isoquinoline alkaloid 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2.3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.A study was performed using anterior papillary muscle removed from the left ventricle and thoracic aorta dissected from rats. DHQ-11 produceda concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect which was more potent than their parent compounds alone. The positive inotropic effect of conjugate DHQ-11was signiﬁcantly attenuated by the β-adrenoreceptor inhibitor propranolol and L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine. Also,conjugate DHQ-11 markedly potentiated first post-rest responses indicating that it can modulate Ca2+ loading/release processes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.These results suggest that positive inotropic effect produced by conjugate DHQ-11may be mediated through activation oftheβ-AR/AC/cAMP/PKA pathway that leads to increased Ca2+ influx and rises in Ca2+ loading/release in the SR, resulting in increased [Ca2+]i and enhanced contraction force. DHQ-11 significantly relaxed both high KCl- and phenylephrine-induced contractions of rat aortic rings whichwere significantly inhibited by lowering extracellular Ca2+ concentration and in the presence of verapamil.DHQ-11 significantly inhibited phenylephrine-induced contractions in a Ca2+-free medium, in the presence of verapamil. The vasorelaxant effect of the DHQ-11 was significantly reduced by the removal of endothelium and in the presenceof L-NAME and methylene blue as well as glibenclamide and TEA.These results suggest that the vasorelaxation produced by conjugate DHQ-11may be mediatedbyan endothelium-independent mechanism involving activation of KATP and BKCa channels and inhibition of L-type VDCCs and Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and endothelium-dependent mechanism through activation of the NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway resulting in a decrease of intracellular Ca2+levels. These observations reveal that the conjugate DHQ-11 due to its high positive inotropic and vasorelaxant activity could be a promising compound for the design and development of new drugs for the treatment of heart failure.
Study of Serum Electrolytes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Individuals in Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in Kancheepuram District
Authors: Santhosh V. , Gomathi D M. , Bi A. Khadeja , Suganya S. , Gurulakshmi G. , N Manjula Devi
Published: July 2021

Aim: To measure the levels of Serum electrolytes (Na+, K+ ,Cl )in type II DM individuals and to compare it with healthy controls. Methods: A case control study was conducted at Medicine Department, from March 2019 to September 2019. A total of 60 patients ,comprised of 30 confirmed type II DM patients as cases and 30 healthy individuals of similar criteria were treated as controls. In both the groups,biochemical measurement of Serum electrolytes (Na+, K+ ,Cl ),FBS was studied and the results were compared. Results: Inindividuals with Diabetes mellitus sodium and chloride showed insignificant alterations.There was an increase in serum potassium levels which was found to be statistically highly significant (p-value less than or equal to 0.05) . The drift of potassium from intracellular space to extracellular space leads to Hyperkalaemia which is due torenal impairment, insulin deficiency or hypertonicity. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is significant association of potassium with hyperglycemic crisis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus serum electrolytes has to be routinely monitored in diabetic individuals since electrolyte derangements are markedly found in uncontrolled diabetes.
Progressive Acute Liver Damage Induced by Repeated 2-Nitropropane: Focused on Obese Mice
Authors: Susantiningsih Tiwuk , Makkiyah Feda A. , Thadeus Maria S. , Yulianti Retno , Hadi Sutopo
Published: July 2021

Obesity is linked to more deaths worldwide. In obesity, there will be a dysregulation of growth signals such as tumorigenesis. Despite the fact that obesity is tend to progress to acute liver damage, not many study using 2-nitropropane (2NP) as a hepatoxicity agent are undertaken especially in obese mice.This study aimed to determine the regime of 2NP that causes acute liver damage. This is an experimental research using a post-test control design group only, with 3 groups of mice ie O1 (obesity), O2+2-NP1x (induced by 2NP 100 mg/kg BW once), and O2+2-NP2x (induced by 2NP 100 mg/kgBW twice). At 10 weeks, rats were sacrificed and 100 mg liver tissue were collected for MDA, GSH, MnSOD and CAT enzymes analysis. Analysis statistics were performed by SPSS by one-way Anova and post hoc Tukey.MDA levels of mice were found to be increased in 2NP group than control (3.768 ± 0.407 nmol/mg) (p < 0,01). Liver GSH, MnSOD and CAT levels of both single injection 2-NP and repeated injection 2-NP groups decreased compared to those of controls (p<0,01). Repeated injection of 2-NP worsen the acute liver damage in obese mice.
Adverse Drug Reactions Monitoring in Patients on Antitubercular Treatment in Tertiary Care Hospital, Mandya
Authors: M Kiran , H Nagabushan
Published: July 2021

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the major public health concerns in India. Treatment of tuberculosis need multidrug combinations, which is associated with increased incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Hence there is a need of active monitoring for adverse effects in patients who are on antitubercular treatment (ATT). Objectives: To study the pattern of ADRs caused by antitubercular drugs and to assess causality, severity and predisposing factors. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months in tertiary care hospital of Mandya. A total of 74 patients of tuberculosis who experienced ADRs were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. Their demographic, treatment and ADR data were collected and analysed. Causality was assessed using WHO scale and Naranjo’s algorithm, whereas severity was assessed by Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. Results: Among 74 patients, 55(74.32%) were males and 19 (25.67%) were females. A total of 86 ADRs were recorded amongst 74 patients, as 11 patients experienced two ADRs. During intensive and continuation phase of treatment, 65 (87.63%) and 9 (12.16%)patients experienced ADRs respectively. Gastrointestinal side effects and hepatotoxicity were the most frequently observed ADRs with 23 (26.7%) each, followed by pruritus and rashes in 18 (20.93%) patients.63.51% of ADRs had an association with fixed dose combination (FDC) of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. As per WHO scale and Naranjo’s algorithm majority of ADRs were probable with 44 (59.45%) and 58 (78.37%) respectively. Most of the ADRs belonged to mild (67.56%) category as per Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale. Conclusion: ADRs induced by ATT are common. Hence counselling of patients regarding their life style along with early detection and management will minimize the occurrence of ADRs and improvethe adherence to treatment.
Cost Comparisons of Some Leading Brands of the Antidiabetic Drug, Nateglinide , Available in an Indian City.
Authors: Rajadnya Vikram Anant , More Diya Amol
Published: July 2021

Background: Antidiabetic drugs have to be taken for life , in majority of the patients. Price differences can lead to huge economic burden on the patients of diabetes, especially when cost considerations are not undertaken by the healthcare provider . This study was aimed to compare the annual cost a patient has to bear , of five different most commonly prescribed brands of nateglinide 60mg and four different brands of Nateglinide 120mg, in Kolhapur city. Methods: Authors purchased a strip of 10 tablets each of four leading brands of Nateglinide 120 miligrams in one city, Kolhapur,India and compared the annual cost of these four brands amonst each other . Then a strip of 10 tablets each of five leading brands of Nateglinide 60 milligrams were bought and the annual cost of these brands were compared between these five brands. These costs were compared directly as well as using percentages. The data was collected, analysed and presented. Results: The data of prices of preparations of five different bnds of a single antidiabetic drug, Nateglinide 60mg and four different brands of Nateglinide 120mg shows that the annual cost of the costliest brand among all the brands of Nateglinide 60mg is almost two times that of the cheapest brand, or it is almost 200 percent that of the cheapest brand and for Nateglinide 120mg the annual cost of costliest brand is also two times that of the cheapest brand or it is almost 200 percent that of the cheapest brand. Conclusions: There was considerable difference in the annual cost among the different brands of the drug. India being a country with majority of the population being highly price sensitive, the prescribing physician must be very careful in selecting the brands of drugs . The costliest preparation of Nateglinide can add to a significant amount on the patient’s annual budget. Thus, in a country like India, Pharmacoeconomics must have an important place while prescribing medicines.
Estimation of Urinary Delta Aminolevulinic Acid Levels in Females of Reproductive Age as an Index of Lead Exposure
Authors: Patharkar Sachin A. , Shaikh Uzma M J , Patil Neelam J. , Nerurkar Alka V. , Shinde Umesh-
Published: July 2021

Lead is a toxic heavy metal whose widespread use has caused extensive environmental contamination and health problems particularly in children and women of reproductive age. It affects multiple body systems, including the neurologic, hematologic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Recent studies have shown that lead, has the potential to harm not only the young and the occupationally-exposed, but also older people and females with in the reproductive age. They may have been exposed to lead while working in unregulated occupations, or they may have encountered more lead in the environment on a daily basis. The Aim of the present study is to estimate urinary δ-ALA levels in heterogenous population of females in the reproductive age as an index of lead exposure. This cross- sectional study was conducted on randomly chosen 80 females of reproductive age from different areas of Mumbai with brief history related lead exposure. The morning first mid stream urine samples were collected with all standard precautions and analyzed for δ-ALA using modified Ehrlich’s reagent method. Out of the 80 samples – 69 samples (86.25%) urinary δ-ALA had levels above reference level i.e. (< 5mg/l). This is alarming. The reasons for this exposure may vary and we could not find a single cause for such a high level exposure, but we can say that it is closely related to the duration of exposure. Hence it is to conclude that it is difficult to stop lead exposure completely but by taking necessary precautions and providing health education we can reduce the lead exposure and its ill effects on health.
Influence of the Herbal Preparation "Licorice Oil" on the State of Hematopoiesis in Rats Under Ionizing Irradiation
Authors: Iztleuov Marat , Teleuov Murat , Iztleuov Yerbolat , Saparbaev Samat , Yelubayeva Alma , Yemzharova Gulmira , Sambayeva Sanimgul , Turganbayeva Aigul , Umirzakova Zhanat
Published: July 2021

The radioprotective effect of the herbal preparation "Licorice oil" on the hematopoietic system and oxidative stress was studied. The experiment was carried out on 30 male Wistar rats, divided into 3 groups. The first group is control group, the second is irradiation with 6Gy, third group - a week before irradiation and two weeks after, received "Licorice oil" intragastrically at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg of body weight. Gamma irradiation significantly reduced the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, thrombocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow cellularity. The frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow has significantly increased. The level of lipid peroxidation in the blood increased against the background of a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The introduction of "Licorice oil" for 21 days provided a protective effect. In application of "Licorice oil", there was an increase in the number of cellular elements in the peripheral blood and against the background of a decrease in the frequency of micronuclei in the bone marrow. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in blood plasma increases against the background of a decrease in the amount of peroxidation products. The herbal preparation "Licorice oil" exhibits antioxidant activity, reduces genotoxicity and cytotoxicity under gamma irradiation. "Licorice oil" can be used to prevent radiation damage.
An Overview of Medical Imaging Techniques for Knee Osteoarthritis Disease
Authors: Vashishtha Anuradha , kumar Acharya Anuja
Published: July 2021

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of “Arthritis & Joint disease”. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the fundamental causes of older and overweight individual’s sickness. It is the main cause of disability in adults. Mostly this disease occurs in people above 45 years of age, in which women suffer more as compared to men. it is basically damaged the Cartilage, because of which bones rub each other causing intense pain and inflammation. this gets thick and makes spurs at the edges. The knee Osteoarthritis is of 4 grades according to X-ray. The first 2 grade and 3rd grade can be recovered with the help of therapy and medications, while the 4th grade is necessary for knee replacement. The emerging Osteoarthritis management approach involves clinical evaluation & diagnostic imaging techniques. Within this research, we explore descriptively and objectively the various medical imaging methods used to diagnose and identify knee osteoarthritis. We study on the automatically detection of recovery rate of human disease and classify Osteoarthritis in the knee from medical images (like Magnetic Resonance image, CT scan, X-ray) from various medical image classification procedures. This paper provides a study that focuses on the various medical imaging methods used to determine osteoarthritis.
Evaluation of Mortality Risk in Liver Cirrhosis with Albumin- Bilirubin (Albi), Platelet-Albumin-Bilirubin (Palbi), and Fibrosis-4 (Fib-4) Scores
Authors: Sindhughosa D.A. , Mariadi I.K. , Wibawa I.D.N. , Suryadarma I.G.A. , Purwadi N. , Somayana G. , Yuliandari C.I.
Published: July 2021

Background:The model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score considered as a reliable predictor of survival for advanced liver diseases patients. Among several chemistry laboratorium examinations, albumin, bilirubin and platelet reflect the function of the liver. Objectives: To investigate the correlation of albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI), and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores with mortality risk based on MELD score and evaluate their role in predictingcirrhosis mortality risk. Methods: The analytic cross-sectional study designrecruited adults with liver cirrhosis of any etiology during the period of November 2018 through January 2019. Descriptive and correlative analyses were done before proceeding to diagnostic abilityanalysis. Results: Sixty-two patients with mean age of 52.95 ± 12.05 were included in the analysis. The ALBI, PALBI, and FIB-4 scores were significantly correlated with higher mortality risk based on MELD score. The three scoressignificantly predicted higher mortality risk with varying sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Positivecorrelation between ALBI, PALBI, and FIB-4 scores with MELD score was found. ALBI (≥-1.26), PALBI (≥-2.05), and FIB-4 (≥5.84) values higher than the thresholdcould predict mortality risk in cirrhosis.
Non Infiltrating Oral Angiolipoma – Report of A Rare Case with Review
Authors: HS Sreeshyla , Nitin Priyanka , Hegde Usha , Gowdappa Doddawad Vidya , Bidadi Rajashekaraiah Premalatha
Published: July 2021

The clinical presentation of typical lipomas is often characteristic. But the variations of lipoma based on the associated stroma poses a challenging picture with clinical diagnosis varying from benign tumors, various inflammatory and reactive lesions, salivary gland lesions, to few peripheral odontogenic lesions. Only a thorough clinical and pathological evaluation and correlation will help in arriving at a conclusive diagnosis, in understanding the behaviour, planning the treatment and predicting the prognosis of the lesion. One such case of lipoma presenting as an unassuming swelling clinically, but showing exuberant vascular component occurring on buccal mucosa is presented. A review of this variant of lipoma is discussed in comparison with the present case.
A Randomized Open Labeled Parallel Group Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Terbinafine and Miconazole in Patients with Tinea Corporis
Authors: Ekisha Gideon Prince , Stanley Xavier Alphienes , Kumaravelu Punnagai , Chellathai David Darling
Published: July 2021

Topical preparations of allylamines and imidazoles are the commonly used medications for the treatment of tinea corporis, having extended efficacy and good safety profile. In our study, we have compared topical terbinafine, an allylamine and topical miconazole, which is an imidazole to assess their efficacy and safety in tinea corporis infection. Hundred patients with tinea corporis infection were equally randomized to receive either terbinafine (1%) or miconazole (2%) for 4 weeks. The reduction in clinical symptoms (pruritus, erythema, vesicle, and desquamation), attaining mycological cure, reduction in composite score, as well as physician global assessment were evaluated from baseline to the end of intervention, and at follow up visit, and compared between the groups. Incidence of adverse drug reactions was also noted for safety analysis. Baseline demographic characteristics of terbinafine and miconazole groups were similar. The study demonstrated statistical significance reduction in clinical symptom scores, attaining Mycological cure, composite score and Physician Global Assessment from baseline to 4th week and follow up week between both groups with a p value <0.05. Compared to terbinafine group, patients received miconazole as intervention had significant successful outcome at the end of treatment (4 weeks) and during the follow-up visit at 5 weeks. Topical miconazole is found to be better and an ideal drug in patients with tinea corporis for the improvement in clinical cure and successful treatment outcome compared to topical terbinafine. Both the drugs are well tolerated drug with the incidence of side effects like itching, irritation, dryness which are comparatively lesser in miconazole group.
Acute plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures is not associated with earlier return of normal shoulder function when union is achieved
Authors: Nicholson Jamie A. , Clement Nick D. , Clelland Andrew D. , MacDonald Deborah J. , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. , Robinson C. Mike
Published: July 2021

Aims

It is unclear whether acute plate fixation facilitates earlier return of normal shoulder function following a displaced mid-shaft clavicular fracture compared with nonoperative management when union occurs. The primary aim of this study was to establish whether acute plate fixation was associated with a greater return of normal shoulder function when compared with nonoperative management in patients who unite their fractures. The secondary aim was to investigate whether there were identifiable predictors associated with return of normal shoulder function in patients who achieve union with nonoperative management.

Methods

Patient data from a randomized controlled trial were used to compare acute plate fixation with nonoperative management of united fractures. Return of shoulder function was based on the age- and sex-matched Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores for the cohort. Independent predictors of an early recovery of normal shoulder function were investigated using a separate prospective series of consecutive nonoperative displaced mid-shaft clavicular fractures recruited over a two-year period (aged ≥ 16 years). Patient demographics and functional recovery were assessed over the six months post-injury using a standardized protocol.

Results

Data from the randomized controlled trial consisted of 86 patients who underwent operative fixation compared with 76 patients that united with nonoperative treatment. The recovery of normal shoulder function, as defined by a DASH score within the predicted 95% confidence interval for each respective patient, was similar between each group at six weeks (operative 26.7% vs nonoperative 25.0%, p = 0.800), three months (52.3% vs 44.2%, p = 0.768), and six months post-injury (86.0% vs 90.8%, p = 0.349). The mean DASH score and return to work were also comparable at each timepoint. In the prospective cohort, 86.5% (n = 173/200) achieved union by six months post-injury (follow-up rate 88.5%, n = 200/226). Regression analysis found that no specific patient, injury, or fracture predictor was associated with an early return of function at six or 12 weeks.

Conclusion

Return of normal shoulder function was comparable between acute plate fixation and nonoperative management when union was achieved. One in two patients will have recovery of normal shoulder function at three months, increasing to nine out of ten patients at six months following injury when union occurs, irrespective of initial treatment. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):522–529.
Analysis and Improvement of the Suction Performance of Axial Piston Pumps in Swash Plate Design
Authors: Bügener Norman , Klecker Jan , Weber Jürgen
Published: July 2021

The article illustrates a systematic investigation of the suction performance of hydrostatic pumps on the example of an axial piston pump in swash plate design. The focus is on pressure losses in the suction duct as well as on losses due to the interaction between the suction flow and the rotating group. The investigations of the suction flow are performed by means of numerical and experimental methods. Also a full cavitation model and a two-way fluid-structure-interaction approach were introduced for the numerical works. The experimental works were used to validate the CFD model. For the improvement of the suction performance two approaches are pursued. The bionic design of the suction duct based on meandering rivers and the suction pressure pulsation reduction by the help of a Helmholtz resonator. As a result of the CFD analysis, regions with the largest total pressure losses were identified. Based on CFD simulation significant improvements of the suction performance were shown due to the two presented measures. By means of the meander shape design the pressure losses reduced by more than 50 % and the pressure ripple was dampened by about 9.5 dB using the integrated Helmholtz resonator.
Modelling Wireless Propagation for Indoor Localization
Authors: Jain Shweta , Barona Christian , Madamopoulos Nicholas
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a ray-tracing technique to model the multi-path fading effect in indoor spaces. Random set P of points on all surfaces inside a given hypothetical indoor space are chosen. Each pi ∈ P is considered to be a point from which the transmitted signal reflects just before reaching the receiver. The received signal is the vector sum of various reflections that arrive at the receiver. The received signal strength (RSS) is then computed from the signal envelope. This technique provides RSS statistics that are similar to the models of signal propagation developed after extensive measurements in multi-path environments. In addition, this technique captures the spatial correlation of signal impairment. For example, path loss computed with this technique shows that co-moving receivers experience correlated signal fades while those moving in different spaces see un-correlated fading. The technique presented here is a low cost, first principle approach to simulate channel impairments due to multi-path effect and interference. It benefits any wireless simulation study that needs the signal-space mapping and context such as indoor localization. This randomized ray-tracing technique does not compete with or replace other, more accurate ray-tracing techniques that use either brute force or geometric optics to obtain site-specific signal-to-space mapping.
Cyber Security for Smart Grid – The Backbone of Social Economy
Authors: Rohokale Vandana , Prasad Ramjee
Published: July 2021

Ever-growing population of people and new electronic gadgets demand huge electricity. Existing power grids mostly use non-renewable energy sources for electricity generation which is unidirectional energy flow. Aging equipments and manual meter reading, power line failure detection and power quality measurements result in lot of power losses and delays. Smart Grid assures modern, computerized and automated electricity power generation, distribution and management. It also ensures energy efficiency with quality improvement and reliability. But since it involves some kind of wired and wireless communication, there are the chances of enormous vulnerabilities. Electricity theft, authentication, authorization, trust ranking, distributed denial of service attack, man in the middle attack are the real challenges for smart grid. Cyber Security should ensure security for smart grid system with appropriate levels of trust, privacy and security. This paper puts forth the security challenges for smart grid and discusses about possible security solutions.
Packet Momentum for Identification of Anonymity Networks
Authors: Shahbar Khalid , Zincir-Heywood A. Nur
Published: July 2021

Multilayer-encryption anonymity networks provide privacy which has become a significant concern on today’s Internet due to many attacks and privacy breaches. The anonymity and privacy these networks provide is a double-edged knife. Increasing attacks, threats and misuse of such valuable anonymity services trigger the need to identify such anonymity networks. Moreover, the implementation of the obfuscation techniques hardens the identification of such networks. Consequently, this research proposes Packet Momentum approach to identify multilayer-encryption anonymity networks. Packet Momentum is a novel approach proposed to identify multilayer-encryption anonymity networks efficiently and accurately and the obfuscations techniques they use. The Packet Momentum aims to use a small number of features and a small number of packets to identify such networks.
Steganography for Cyber-physical Systems
Authors: Wendzel Steffen , Mazurczyk Wojciech , Haas Georg
Published: July 2021

Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) have raised serious security concerns and thus have been subjected to intensive security research lately. Recent publications have shown that there is a potential to transfer hidden information through CPS environments. In comparison to these existing studies, we demonstrate that CPS cannot only be used to covertly transfer secret data but also to store secret data. Using an analogy to the biological concept of animal scatter hoarding behavior we exemplify CPS secret data storage using automated buildings.1
Security Improvement in Next Generation Wireless System by Interleaver in Transceiver Structures
Authors: Partibane B. , Kalidoss R. , Karthipan R.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the multiple-input multiple-output Interleave division multiple access (MIMO-IDMA) system with dual polarized division multiplexing (DPDM). Dual polarized antenna system replaces the uni-polarized antenna system availing cost and space features. We have considered dual- Polarized antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver ends to establish DPDM. For the purpose of accommodation, the users are separated with userspecific interleaver in combination with a low rate spreading sequence. In the receiver, we consider the minimum mean square error (MMSE) algorithm based successive interference cancellation (SIC) Multi-user detection (MUD) technique to diminish the effects of multi-stream interference (MSI). Furthermore, we implement Log-maximum a posteriori probability (MAPP) decoding algorithm at the mobile stations (MSs) to alleviate the effects of multi-user interference (MUI).We evaluate the effects of codedMIMO-IDMA system in the context of downlink (DL) communication pertaining to the Stanford University Interim (SUI) and Long-term Evolution (LTE) channel model specifications.We observe that our simulation results considered turbo coded Dual-PolarizedMIMO-IDMAsystem with iterative decoding algorithm provides a better bit error rate (BER) performance with less signal to noise ratio (SNR) when compared to uncoded system. Furthermore our simulation results show that MIMO-IDMA system with Dual-Polarized antenna requires higher SNR than uni-polarized antennas in order to achieve same BER. However, it provides the advantage of replacing two uni-polarized antennas by a single Dual-Polarized antenna which can therefore help achievement of a higher data rate with a reduced size of MS in the context of DL transmission.
Multi DODAGs in RPL for Reliable Smart City IoT
Authors: Sebastian A. , Sivagurunathan S.
Published: July 2021

Internet of Things technology has given rise to Smart Cities, Smart Health, Smart Transport Logistics, Smart Production and Supply chain management, Smart Home and the list is long. Smart city deployments are gaining momentum around the world. Security and Reliability of IoT infrastructure in smart cities remain important challenges. In this regard, ROLL-WG has standardised RPL for urban environment (RFC 5548). RPL is designed to address the needs of constrained IoT environment. RPL uses Objective Functions (ETX & Hop Count) to optimise parent selection as well as route selection. Newer Objective Functions for IoT applications are suggested by researchers to manage network and security. In this paper, we propose Multi DODAG’s in RPL for improved performance and reliable smart city applications.We have tested the proposed model in Contiki OS with Cooja simulator. Proposed model provides improved efficiency in convergence time, Packet Delivery Ratio, Control Traffic Overhead, Power consumption. For reliability, node participation is evaluated. Hence, Multi DODAG’s in RPLcan better optimize constrained resources and provide reliability to the network.
Security Strategies for Safe Data and Content Access in Operational Modules of Product Data Management Software
Authors: George Sam , David K.
Published: July 2021

In any engineering organisation, product data is dispersed across multiple departments which makes it vulnerable to unauthorised access. In the design of an automated system, enforcement of this access mechanism throws open the primary challenge in ensuring safety of each modules and the content inside. Challenges in security design initiates from the entry of users to the system. Security aspects for user access hold the key in safeguarding the content and data inside. However, management of this requires a holistic approach in letting the user traverse only through pre-defined modules, data categories with well-defined access mechanisms. Success of this modular security design will eventually lead to an efficient storage mechanism for the data inside and user friendly traversal and operational mechanism for the user.
The Art of Piecewise Hashing: A Step Toward Better Evidence Provability
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Aswin , Vineti Emanuele , Mohan Ashok Kumar , Sethumadhavan M.
Published: July 2021

The integrity of digital evidence is believed to be the paramount trait in the world of cyber forensics. Cybercrime investigators face myriad challenges in the process similar to accommodating the call for bulk digital evidence. In due course extraction of useful information while maintaining the integrity and absolute protection against data degradation is mandatory. In this manuscript, we propose a novel approach by applying cryptographic hashing technique to only selected significant portions of the digital evidence, so even if the overall hash does not match, investigators could still verify the integrity of those critical sections of the evidence.We put forward two notions in this manuscript; former is heterogeneous piecewise hashing which is a flexible version of the piecewise hashing strategy, and latter is a novel evidence certification strategy which formalizes evidence provability process completely.
Classifying Agricultural Crop Pest Data Using Hadoop MapReduce Based C5.0 Algorithm
Authors: Revathy R. , Balamurali S. , Lawrance R.
Published: July 2021

Data mining is a methodology of exploring and processing large pre-existing databases in order to find the hidden information. In agriculture sector, data mining can help farmers to develop yield. Crops can be protected from vertebrate pests and diseases by predicting and enhancing crop cultivation through efficient data mining methods. The main aim of this research is to classify agricultural crop pests which are categorized by different colours. This research includes data cleaning, feature selection and execution of C5.0 algorithm using map reduce. Data cleaning has taken away the noisy data in crop pest data that offers improved accuracy. In feature selection, Relief filter is applied for selecting particular attributes of the crop pest data set instead of using full attribute set. It performs choosing attributes by calculating the attribute weights based upon distances. As the size of the pest dataset has attained terabyte range, typical data mining techniques cannot process the big data at logical time. Hadoop MapReduce programming model has been put into practice to compact with huge data set. It is a software framework for distributed processing of large amount of data. This research work proposed MapReduce implementation of C5.0 decision tree algorithm that gives more accurate result rapidly and holding less memory of huge crop pest data set.
A Real-Time Open Access Platform towards Proof of Concept for Smart Grid Applications
Authors: Kemal1 Mohammed , Petersen Lennart , Iov Florin , Olsen Rasmus Løvenstein
Published: July 2021

This paper presents development of real time open access platform towards proof of concept of smart grid applications deployed at Smart Energy System Laboratory of Aalborg University. Discussed on the paper is the architecture and set-up of the platform by elaborating the three main layers: electrical grid layer, ICT & network emulation layer and control layer. DiSC-OPAL, a toolbox built for OPAL-RT real time grid simulation; comprising of models for wide variety of controllable flexible assets, stochastic power sources for wind and solar power plants, real consumption data’s and electrical grid components is presented. A detailed model description of the whole set up and the corresponding functionalities is characterized. To showcase real life application of the whole framework, an overview of two test cases implemented for European SmartC2Net project with focus on control and market integration of low voltage distribution grids is presented.
A reactive poroelastic model to predict the periprosthetic tissue healing
Authors: Ambard Dominique , Guérin Gaëtan , Swider Pascal
Published: July 2021

Conditions influencing the implant osteointegration in the early post-operative period include the surgical technique and coupled mechanical and biochemical factors. We hypothesized that coupling deformable porous media mechanics to governing equations of cell migration, might help to predict the periprosthetic tissue healing and in particular the heterogeneous bone formation which is unfavourable to the implant survival. To proceed, a multiphasic model of porous tissue surrounding a loaded implant was coupled to osteoblast migration and immature bone deposit. A finite element resolution was implemented and the application concerned a canine implant. The sensitivity analysis using volume strain as variable showed that compression was rather unfavourable to homogenous distribution of periprosthetic bone healing.
Coupling finite elements and reduced approximation bases
Authors: Ammar Amine , Pruliere Etienne , Férec Julien , Chinesta Francisco , Cueto Elias
Published: July 2021

Models encountered in computational physics and engineering, usually involve too many degrees of freedom, too many simulation time-steps, too many iterations (e.g. non-linear models, optimization or inverse identification…), or simply excessive simulation time (for example when simulation in real time is envisaged). In some of our former works different reduction techniques were developed, some of them based on the use of an adaptive proper orthogonal decomposition and the other ones based on the use of separated representations. In this paper we are analyzing the coupling between reduced basis and standard finite element descriptions.
Microextensometry and mechanical behaviour of Haversian cortical bone
Authors: Henry Laurent , Hoc Thierry , Budyn Elisa
Published: July 2021

It is well known that bone microarchitecture is mainly the result of the bone remodelling process. However, a mechanistic framework describing how the microstructure affects the mechanical behaviour of bone is still lacking. Therefore, tools to quantify bone quality at the microstructure scale are required. To address this problem, the present study focused on the measurements of the local strains over a large microstructure area using microextensometry. First, the relationship between the local strains and the mineral content was examined. Then, the local strains were used to feed an inverse approach performed by finite elements. The results show there is no correlation between the strain and the mineral content. Moreover, the implementation of the mineral content in finite elements simulations gave a better estimate of the experimental strain field.
A discrete element/shell finite element coupling for simulating impacts on reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Rousseau Jessica , Marin Philippe , Daudeville Laurent , Potapov Sergueï
Published: July 2021

The efficiency of the discrete element method for studying the fracture of heterogeneous media has been demonstrated, but it is limited by the size of the computational model. A coupling between the discrete element and the finite element methods is proposed to handle the simulation of impacts on large structures. The structure is split into two subdomains in each of which the method is adapted to the behaviour of the structure under impact. The DEM takes naturally into account the discontinuities and is used to model the media in the impact zone. The remaining structure is modelled by the FEM. We propose an extension of the coupling procedure to connect the Discrete Element model to shell-type Finite Elements. The efficiency of the coupling method is tested and validated.
Robust implementation of contact under friction and large sliding with the eXtended finite element method
Authors: Siavelis Maximilien , Massin Patrick , Guiton Martin L.E. , Mazet Sylvain , Moës Nicolas
Published: July 2021

An X-FEM formulation is proposed for the case of large sliding frictional interfaces. A continuous augmented lagrangian framework is adopted for contact and friction. We provide an algorithm for the selection of an appropriate discrete space for the lagrange multipliers, accounting for the transition between contact and free zones, and also between sliding and adherent zones. A 3D numerical test is realized with Code_Aster free software for the compression of a cylinder cut along a radial section and shows the ability of the model to capture such transitions.
Total energy conservation in ALE schemes for compressible flows
Authors: Dervieux Alain , Farhat Charbel , Koobus Bruno , Vázquez Mariano
Published: July 2021

The numerical prediction of interaction phenomena between a compressible flow model with a moving domain and other physical models requires that the work performed on the fluid is properly translated into total fluid energy variation. We present a numerical model relying on an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) unstructured vertex-centered finite volume that satisfies this condition together with the Geometric Conservation Law. We apply this numerical scheme to the solution of a 3D fluid-structure interaction problem. The results are contrasted with those obtained by the energy non-conservative counterpart.
Idealization of CAD model for a simulation by a finite element method
Authors: Hamdi Mounir , Aifaoui Nizar , Louhichi Borhen , BenAmara Abdelmajid
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, numeric simulation becomes one of the most important activities of the product development cycle. To accelerate the design and simulation tasks, it is necessary to adapt the CAD model before the simulation process. This paper presents a method based on an original algorithm in order to adapt and simplify the design geometric model to a simulation by finite elements method. It consists in the idealization of the CAD geometry by eliminating details (holes, chamfers, etc.). These details increase the computing time due to a refined mesh in these details, which are considered as stress hubs, without providing more precision in the simulation. An implementation of the proposed algorithm using the Open Cascade platform is also presented. The last part of this paper presents two examples of mechanical parts, which are simulated before and after idealization. The results of simulation illustrate the major contribution of the proposed method in terms of computing time gain, without so much changing the exactitude of results.
Integral equation methods with unique solution for all wavenumbers applied to acoustic radiation
Authors: Lavie Antoine , Leblanc Alexandre
Published: July 2021

The acoustic exterior Neumann problem is solved using an easy process based upon the boundary element method and able to eliminate effects of irregular frequencies in time harmonic domain. This technique is performed as follows: (i) two computations are done around the characteristic frequency, decreased and increased by a small imaginary part; (ii) average between pressures at these two frequencies ensures unique solution for all wavenumbers. This method is numerically tested for an infinite cylinder, an axisymmetric cylinder, a sphere and a three-dimensional cat’s eye structure. This work highlights ease and efficiency of the technique under consideration to remove the irregular frequencies effects.
RPCM: a strategy to perform reliability analysis using polynomial chaos and resampling
Authors: Notin Alban , Gayton Nicolas , Dulong Jean Luc , Lemaire Maurice , Villon Pierre , Jaffal Haidar
Published: July 2021

Using stochastic finite elements, the response quantity can be written as a series expansion which allows an approximation of the limit state function. For computational purpose, the series must be truncated in order to retain only a finite number of terms. In the context of reliability analysis, we propose a new approach coupling polynomial chaos expansions and confidence intervals on the generalized reliability index as truncating criterion.
Finite Element based Transient Elastohydrodynamic Simulation of Translational Hydraulic Seals
Authors: Angerhausen Julian , Murrenhoff Hubertus , Persson Bo N. J. , Dorogin Leonid , Scaraggi Michele
Published: July 2021

Seals are crucial machine elements in hydraulic devices. However, especially with regard to dynamic seals – for example in cylinder applications – the physical understanding of the sealing mechanism is still insufficient. In this paper a physically based, transient elastohydrodynamic simulation for translational hydraulic seals is presented. The deformation of the seal is calculated in a dynamic finite element (FE) simulation, hyper- and viscoelastic material properties are taken into account. For the numerical calculation of the fluid film and its influences on the seal deformation the FE simulation is coupled with an implementation of the transient Reynold’s equation. For a physically based calculation of the solid contact, the FE-model is coupled with Persson’s theory of rubber friction and contact mechanics. Both, normal force and solid friction are implemented. In a simulation study the influence of the relative velocity in the contact between the elastic, highly deformable seal and a hard cylinder is investigated. The initial phase of motion is investigated in detail. The simulation results are compared to experimental data of a lubricated sliding contact between an nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) O-ring and a rough steel surface.
Exploring The Correlation between Cyber Security Awareness, Protection Measures and the State of Victimhood: The Case Study of Ambo University’s Academic Staffs
Authors: Mamade Bayisa Kune , Dabala Diriba Mangasha
Published: July 2021

The advancement of information communication technology has triggered a revolution in using the Internet for legitimate educational purposes on university campuses. Therefore, the Internet has changed the way of human communication and contributed to the development of mankind. On the other hand it is regrettable that its revolution has helped malicious users to exploit it for the malign purpose to commit a cyberspace crime that has in turn negatively affected fellow users who were preyed on by cyber predators. This work aimed to examine the awareness of cybersecurity, the measures taken to protect against cyberattacks and the state of victimization among professors at Ambo University. Thus, the present study comes up with the following findings. First, the result shows that the respondents’ cybersecurity awareness was significantly influenced by cyber-crime victimization, fields of study, and protection measures. Second, the current study also depicts that the respondents’ protection measures were connected to and influenced by cyber-crime victimization, education level, and cyber-security awareness. Finally, the study’s findings show that being a cyber-crime victim has been linked to predictors’ variables: protection measures and the level of cybersecurity awareness.
Physical Encoding in Optical Layer Security
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , P. Fok Mable , R. Prucnal Paul
Published: July 2021

Data security at the physical layer of optical networks, or optical layer security, has received considerable research attention due to the rapid growth of optical network capacity [1]. Among various optical layer approaches, optical codedivision multiple access (OCDMA) systems are considered to be promising because of the physical encoding and decoding processes comprising these systems. Generally, physical encoding is an important concept in the field of optical layer security, which implements encoding to the transmitted optical signals, and protects the transmitted data from attack. In this paper, we provide an overview of various OCDMA systems, and discuss the impact of different physical encoding methods on OCDMA systems, in terms of security assurance. Furthermore, we introduce the application of physical encoding to optical steganography and optical transmission with wireless CDMA for security improvement.