bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of previous experience on lie effects through a transfer paradigm
Authors: Mazzuca Claudia , Benassi Mariagrazia , Nicoletti Roberto , Sartori Giuseppe , Lugli Luisa
Published: April 2021

Influential lines of research propose dual processes-based explanations to account for both the cognitive cost implied in lying and for that entailed in the resolution of the conflict posited by Simon tasks. The emergence and consistency of the Simon effect has been proved to be modulated by both practice effects and transfer effects. Although several studies provided evidence that the lying cognitive demand may vary as a function of practice, whether and how transfer effects could also play a role remains an open question. We addressed this question with one experiment in which participants completed a Differentiation of Deception Paradigm twice (baseline and test sessions). Crucially, between the baseline and the test sessions, participants performed a training session consisting in a spatial compatibility task with incompatible (condition 1) or compatible (condition 2) mapping, a non-spatial task (condition 3) and a no task one (condition 4). Results speak in favour of a modulation of individual performances by means of an immediate prior experience, and specifically with an incompatible spatial training.
CBD, a precursor of THC in e-cigarettes
Authors: Czégény Zsuzsanna , Nagy Gréta , Babinszki Bence , Bajtel Ákos , Sebestyén Zoltán , Kiss Tivadar , Csupor-Löffler Boglárka , Tóth Barbara , Csupor Dezső
Published: April 2021

The use of cannabidiol (CBD) in electronic cigarettes is widespread. Previously, it was reported that CBD is partly transformed to THC in case smoking as a cigarette, however, the pyrolysis of this compound has not been assessed extensively. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of temperature on the composition of pyrolysis products of CBD. The experiments were performed in the typical operating temperature range of e-cigarettes (250–400 °C) and at 500 °C under both inert and oxidative conditions, and the pyrolysis products were identified and quantified by GC–MS. Depending on the temperature and atmosphere, 25–52% of CBD was transformed into other chemical substances: Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, cannabinol and cannabichromene were the predominant pyrolysates in both conditions, all formed by cyclization reaction. THC was the main pyrolysis product at all temperatures under both oxidative and inert conditions. Our results point out that CBD in e-cigarettes can be considered as a precursor of THC, thus it bears all the dangers related to this psychoactive compound. Our findings are fundamental contributions to the safety profile of CBD-based e-cigarettes.
Estimation of the timing of BAP1 mutation in uveal melanoma progression
Authors: Uner Ogul E. , See Thonnie Rose O. , Szalai Eszter , Grossniklaus Hans E. , Stålhammar Gustav
Published: April 2021

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy. A vast majority of metastasizing tumors have mutations in the BAP1 gene. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal timing of these mutations. The size of 177 uveal melanomas and 8.3 million individual tumor cells was measured. BAP1 sequencing results and BAP1 IHC were available and for 76 (43%) and 101 (57%) of these, respectively. Tumors with a BAP1 mutation had significantly larger volume (2109 vs. 1552 mm3, p = 0.025). Similarly, tumor cells with loss of BAP1 protein expression had significantly larger volume (2657 vs. 1593 μm3, p = 0.027). Using observations of the time elapsed between mitoses, the BAP1 mutation was calculated to occur when the primary tumor had a size of a few malignant cells to 6 mm3, 0.5 to 4.6 years after tumor initiation and at least 9 years before diagnosis. We conclude that BAP1 mutations occur early in the growth of uveal melanoma, well before the average tumor is diagnosed. Its timing coincides with the seeding of micrometastases.
High immune efficacy against different avian influenza H5N1 viruses due to oral administration of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based vaccine in chickens
Authors: Lei Han , Lu Xin , Li Shuangqin , Ren Yi
Published: April 2021

A safe and effective vaccine is the best way to control large-scale highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) A (H5N1) outbreaks. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) is an ideal mucosal delivery vector for vaccine development, and we have previously shown that conventional administration of a S. cerevisiae-based vaccine (EBY100/pYD1-HA) via injection led to protection against the homologous H5N1 virus in a mouse model. Because the diameter of S. cerevisiae is approximately 10 μm, which results in a severe inflammation by injection route, therefore, oral administration is a more suitable approach for EBY100/pYD1-HA conferring protection in poultry. We extended our work by evaluating the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of oral vaccination with EBY100/pYD1-HA in the chicken model. Oral immunization with EBY100/pYD1-HA could induce robust serum IgG, mucosal IgA and cellular immune responses. Importantly, EBY100/pYD1-HA provided protection against challenges with a homologous and a heterologous H5N1 viruses. These findings suggest that EBY100/pYD1-HA, a promising H5N1 oral vaccine candidate, can avoid potential reassortment of other avian influenza viruses in oral administration of live virus vaccines and overcome the limitations of conventional injection routes. Importantly, this platform will be able to provide opportunities for broader applications in poultry during HPAI A (H5N1) outbreaks.
Validation of the Dutch-Flemish translated ABCD questionnaire to measure cardiovascular diseases knowledge and risk perception among adults
Authors: Hassen Hamid Yimam , Aerts Naomi , Demarest Stefaan , Manzar Md Dilshad , Abrams Steven , Bastiaens Hilde
Published: April 2021

Valid and reliable measurement of an individual’s knowledge and risk perception is pivotal to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The recently developed Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) knowledge and risk questionnaire is shown to be valid in England. In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the modified and Dutch (Flemish)-translated ABCD questionnaire using both the classical test and item response theory (IRT) analysis. We conducted a community-based survey among 525 adults in Antwerp city, Belgium. We assessed the item- and scale-level psychometric properties and validity indices of the questionnaire. Parameters of IRT, item scalability, monotonicity, item difficulty and discrimination, and item fit statistics were evaluated. Furthermore, exploratory and confirmatory factorial validity, and internal consistency measures were explored. Descriptive statistics showed that both the knowledge and risk scale items have sufficient variation to differentiate individuals’ level of knowledge and risk perception. The overall homogeneity of the knowledge and risk subscales was within the acceptable range (> 0.3). The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the risk scale supported a three-factor solution corresponding to risk perception (F1), perceived benefits and intention to change physical activity (F2), and perceived benefit and intention to change healthy dietary habit (F3). The two parametric logistic (2—PL) and rating scale models showed that the item infit and outfit values for knowledge and risk subscales were within the acceptable range (0.6 to 1.4) for most of the items. In conclusion, this study investigated the Dutch (Flemish) version of the ABCD questionnaire has good psychometric properties to assess CVD related knowledge and risk perception in the adult population. Based on the factor loadings and other psychometric properties, we suggested a shorter version, which has comparable psychometric properties.
Automated curriculum learning for embodied agents a neuroevolutionary approach
Authors: Milano Nicola , Nolfi Stefano
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate how the evolutionary training of embodied agents can be extended with a curriculum learning algorithm that automatically selects the environmental conditions in which the evolving agents are evaluated. The environmental conditions are selected to adjust the level of difficulty to the ability level of the current evolving agents, and to challenge the weaknesses of the evolving agents. The method does not require domain knowledge and does not introduce additional hyperparameters. The results collected on two benchmark problems, that require to solve a task in significantly varying environmental conditions, demonstrate that the method proposed outperforms conventional learning methods and generates solutions which are robust to variations and able to cope with different environmental conditions.
Analysis and forecasting of global real time RT-PCR primers and probes for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Nayar Gowri , Seabolt Edward E. , Kunitomi Mark , Agarwal Akshay , Beck Kristen L. , Mukherjee Vandana , Kaufman James H.
Published: April 2021

Rapid tests for active SARS-CoV-2 infections rely on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR uses reverse transcription of RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA (primer and probe) targets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The technology makes rapid and specific identification of the virus possible based on sequence homology of nucleic acid sequence and is much faster than tissue culture or animal cell models. However the technique can lose sensitivity over time as the virus evolves and the target sequences diverge from the selective primer sequences. Different primer sequences have been adopted in different geographic regions. As we rely on these existing RT-PCR primers to track and manage the spread of the Coronavirus, it is imperative to understand how SARS-CoV-2 mutations, over time and geographically, diverge from existing primers used today. In this study, we analyze the performance of the SARS-CoV-2 primers in use today by measuring the number of mismatches between primer sequence and genome targets over time and spatially. We find that there is a growing number of mismatches, an increase by 2% per month, as well as a high specificity of virus based on geographic location.
Impact of citrus flavonoid supplementation on inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal disease in mice
Authors: Carvalho Jhonatan de Souza , Ramadan Dania , de Paiva Gonçalves Vinícius , Maquera-Huacho Patricia Milagros , Assis Renata Pires , Lima Tayra Ferreira Oliveira , Brunetti Iguatemy Lourenço , Spolidorio Denise Madalena Palomari , Cesar Thais , Manthey John A. , Spolidorio Luís Carlos
Published: April 2021

In general, the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods may influence the control/dysregulation of the magnitude and duration of inflammation and oxidative stress, which are known to contribute to multiple pathologies.
Ultrasmall Gd@Cdots as a radiosensitizing agent for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lee Chaebin , Liu Xiangji , Zhang Weizhong , Duncan Michael A. , Jiang Fangchao , Kim Christine , Yan Xuefeng , Teng Yong , Wang Hui , Jiang Wen , Li Zibo , Xie Jin
Published: April 2021

Gd@Cdots show excellent radiosensitizing effects due to high-Z photoelectric effects and surface catalytic effects. They can be intravenously injected to enhance radiotherapy without causing detectable systemic toxicity.
Conjugation of antibody with temperature-responsive polymer via in situ click reaction to enable biomarker enrichment for increased diagnostic sensitivity
Authors: Hironaka Keita , Yoshihara Erika , Nabil Ahmed , Lai James J. , Kikuchi Akihiko , Ebara Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2021

A portable, fast, simple, and sensitive strategy for biomarker enrichment was developed based on immune affinity and temperature-responsive smart polymers concepts to avoid the misdiagnosis that normally happens, especially with commercially available LFIA.
Microbial vesicle-mediated communication: convergence to understand interactions within and between domains of life
Authors: McMillan Hannah M. , Rogers Nicholas , Wadle Austin , Hsu-Kim Heileen , Wiesner Mark R. , Kuehn Meta J. , Hendren Christine Ogilvie
Published: April 2021

Extracellular vesicles are a ubiquitous but often overlooked biological component of all natural environments. Convergent interdisciplinary research highlights an effective approach to understand their properties and functions.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Degradation of PFOS by a MnO2/H2O2 process”’ by A. Le-Tuan Pham and T. A. Bruton, Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2021, 10.1039/D0EW01086C
Authors: Chang Yueh , Cho Yi-Chin , Lin Yi-Pin
Published: April 2021

This is a Reply to Comment by Pham and Bruton on our article “Degradation of PFOS by a MnO2/H2O2 process”.
trans,trans-2,4-Decadienal induces endothelial cell injury by impairing mitochondrial function and autophagic flux
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Zhao Guanhua , Qin Lei , Yu Zhenlong , Zhang Min , Ma Xiaochi , Zhou Dayong , Shahidi Fereidoon , Zhu Beiwei
Published: April 2021

trans,trans-2,4-Decadienal (tt-DDE), a ubiquitous lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde, exposure to human umbilical vascular endothelial cells induces cell injury by impairing mitochondrial function and autophagic flux.
Superionic phase transition in individual silver selenide nanowires
Authors: Schwarz Maximilian , Mews Alf , Dorn August
Published: April 2021

The superionic phase transition temperature in Ag2Se nanowires is diameter dependent and suppressed to below 100 °C. An increase in charge carrier density accompanied by a decrease in mobility was observed across the superionic phase transition.
Polydiacetylene and its composites with long effective conjugation lengths and tunable third-order nonlinear optical absorption
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Yanran , Huang Xiayun , Chen Daoyong
Published: April 2021

Through the deliberate annealing of suspensions, bluish-green phase polydiacetylene and polydiacetylene composites that have remarkably extended ECLs were effectively fabricated that exhibit different nonlinear optical absorption types.
Synthesis and fundamental studies of a photoresponsive oligonucleotide-upconverting nanoparticle covalent conjugate
Authors: Liczner Christopher , Mandl Gabrielle A. , Maurizio Steven L. , Duke Kieran , Capobianco John A. , Wilds Christopher J.
Published: April 2021

A greener route to a photocleavable phosphoramidite was used to synthesize an alkyne-containing oligonucleotide and conjugated to an azide-modified upconverting nanoparticle. The conjugation, energy transfer, and photocleavage were evaluated.
Organocatalytic stereoselective 1,6-addition of thiolacetic acids to alkynyl indole imine methides: access to axially chiral sulfur-containing tetrasubstituted allenes
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Lin Xiao , Chen Xuling , Li Pengfei , Li Wenjun
Published: April 2021

A chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective 1,6-conjugate addition of thiolacetic acid to alkynyl indole imine methide in situ formed from α-(3-indolyl) propargylic alcohol has been established.
Nonvolatile organic field-effect transistor memory from pyrene-fused azaindacene regioisomers
Authors: Liu Duan-Wu , Zhang Yamin , Li Xiang-Yang , Xiao Qi , Sun Wen-Jing , Shao Xiangfeng , Zhang Hao-Li
Published: April 2021

A pair of pyrene-fused azaindacene regioisomers, syn-B2IPIO and anti-B2IPIO, have been designed and synthesized for use as the CTEs for the electret layers of OFET-NVM devices.
Alkyl-π functional molecular liquids towards soft electronics
Authors: Machida Takashi , Nakanishi Takashi
Published: April 2021

Free deformable, stretchable soft electronic devices are targeted by utilizing alkyl-π functional molecular liquids.
Smart luminescent molecular europium complexes and their versatile applications
Authors: Devi Rachna , Rajendran Marikumar , Singh Kasturi , Pal Raksha , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: April 2021

A series of smart luminescent Eu(iii) complexes (C1 = Eu(DBM)3ligand 1, C2 = Eu(DBM)3ligand 2, C3 = Eu(DBM)3ligand 3, C4 = Eu(DBM)3 ligand 4, C5 = Eu(DBM)3ligand 5) were synthesized by using C1-functionalized phenanthro-imidazole derivatives as the neutral ligands and dibenzoylmethanate (DBM) as the anionic ligand.
LncRNA SNHG15 modulates gastric cancer tumorigenesis by impairing miR-506-5p expression
Authors: Chen Zhiping , Zhong Tianyu , Li Tao , Zhong Jinghua , Tang Yang , Liu Zhanyu , Ling Baodian , Wang Lanfeng
Published: April 2021

The gastric cancer (GC) patients commonly have a poor prognosis due to its invasiveness and distant metastasis. Growing evidence proved that aberrant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression contributes to tumor development and progression. LncRNA SNHG15 has been reported to be involved in many different kinds of cancer, while its role in GC remains unclear. In the present study, we found that SNHG15 was up-regulated in GC tissues and cell lines. Silencing SNHG15 suppressed proliferation migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis of AGS cells. More importantly, microRNA-506-5p (miR-506-5p) was predicted as a direct target of SNHG15 by binding its 3′-UTR and further verified using luciferase reporter assay. Meanwhile, the results of rescue experiments revealed that knockdown of miR-506-5p expression reversed the functional effects of SNHG15 silenced cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings revealed that SNHG15 executed oncogenic properties in GC progression through targeting miR-506-5p, which might provide a novel target for the GC treatment.
Effectiveness of a Supports-Based Approach to Peer Interactions of an Autistic Student in the Classroom: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Vidal Verónica , DeThorne Laura
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This mixed-methods study examined the effect of a supports-based intervention on the interactions between John, a 9-year-old minimally speaking autistic student with access to a speech-generating augmentative and alternative communication device, and nonautistic peers in the classroom.

Method

We used a single-case experimental ABAB design to evaluate the relation between provision of social supports and the frequency of communicative offers between John and one nonautistic peer, Ethan. In addition, we integrated interview data and situated discourse analyses involving a variety of adult and child participants to illustrate the nature of peer interactions both before and during provision of social supports.

Results

In summary, visual inspection of the single-case data supported a functional relation of moderate effect size between the provision of social support and an increased frequency of communicative offers between John and Ethan. Results from the discourse analysis suggested that social supports led to the (a) emergence of completed turns across peers, (b) flexible use of multimodal communicative resources, and (c) movement toward egalitarian interactions.

Conclusions

This study is one of the first to provide experimental evidence for a supports-based approach to peer interactions involving a minimally verbal autistic student. Clinical implications focus on encouraging flexible multimodality and adopting a strength-based approach that fosters autistic sociality.
Modelling and analysis of virtual power plants interactive operational characteristics in distribution systems
Authors: Ullah Zahid , Mirjat Nayyar Hussain
Published: April 2021

This study provides an overview of virtual power plants as aggregated flexibility service providers in distribution systems. The integration of photovoltaic energy sources increases uncertainty regarding the operation of distribution grids, impacting power quality. Innovative ideas are therefore needed to support the migration of traditional systems toward a smart grid. A virtual power plant could make use of the flexibility of emerging technologies to address these power quality and grid operation issues. To this end, this study introduces a new concept describing a location‐specific interactive flexibility market framework in the context of a virtual power plant setting. In this proposed setting, flexibility providers (i.e. prosumers) can support location‐based services in distribution systems. These services would reasonably alleviate the need to upgrade or substitute power capacity cost‐effectively and facilitate the reliable and safe operation of the distribution grid. A direct control algorithm is designed and developed for the market studied, which was implemented to verify its efficacy experimentally. The efficiency of the proposed mathematical model and method is confirmed by the results of a case study using the UK‐16 busbar generic distribution system, and finally some specific conclusions are drawn regarding the application of the proposed method.
A low‐complexity FS‐MPDPC with extended voltage set for grid‐connected converters
Authors: Dharmasena Shamini , Olowu Temitayo O. , Sarwat Arif I.
Published: April 2021

The conventional finite control set model predictive control (FS‐MPC) for converter control is a well‐studied area, but performance degradation due to the finite candidate vector set is still limiting its practical applications. Extending the voltage vector set using discrete space vector modulation has been proposed as a solution to overcome the limitations, but the brute‐force search inherent to FS‐MPC increases the computational complexity for a larger voltage set. This paper proposes a technique to alleviate the above issue by avoiding the brute‐force search that is being executed in FS‐MPC. The technique utilises the basics of direct‐power‐control theory to cut down the number of candidate voltage vectors applied in each cycle in the optimization problem. In this work, a design example having a voltage vector set of 37 elements is considered, and the proposed technique narrows down the search to eight optimal vectors. The proposed controller is specifically designed for active–reactive power control of a grid‐connected converter that interlinks an energy storage system to the grid. The system is modelled in MATLAB Simulink environment and simulations are carried out to analyse the performance in all four active–reactive bidirectional power flow modes. Results validate the performance of the controller, both in steady‐state and transient conditions. Further, the reduction in computational complexity due to the proposed algorithm is evaluated. It is observed that the number of computations was reduced approximately by 75% after applying the proposed algorithm for a system with a 37 voltage vector set.
Time reversal detection in a multistatic radar system with a varying environment
Authors: Zhang Zhaoming , Chen Baixiao , Yang Minglei
Published: April 2021

Multistatic radar has the advantage of spatial diversity, but its detection performance is decreased in dense multipath scattering environments. This problem can be solved by using the time reversal (TR) technique to take advantage of the multipath effect to improve target detection; however, this usually requires a stationary channel response that is difficult to achieve in practice. This article studies a TR detection algorithm for a multistatic radar system in a varying multipath channel environment. We establish a varying channel response model and derive a time reversal likelihood ratio test (TR–LRT) detector to utilise the characteristics of multiple paths when the multipath environment is changing during the detection process. We use Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical analysis to show the superior performance of the proposed TR detector compared with a conventional detector. Our proposed TR–LRT detector shows good robustness to environmental variations. Simulation results show that better detection results are achieved in a more severe multipath scattering environment.
The Oscillation Numbers and the Abramov Method of Spectral Counting for Linear Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Elyseeva Julia
Published: April 2021

In this paper we consider linear Hamiltonian differential systems which depend in general nonlinearly on the spectral parameter and with Dirichlet boundary conditions. For the Hamiltonian problems we do not assume any controllability and strict normality assumptions which guarantee that the classical eigenvalues of the problems are isolated. We also omit the Legendre condition for their Hamiltonians. We show that the Abramov method of spectral counting can be modified for the more general case of finite eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian problems and then the constructive ideas of the Abramov method can be used for stable calculations of the oscillation numbers and finite eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian problems.
“Future Earth”: Nigmatulin Hypothesis and Dynamic Model of Radiation Field of Ocean-Atmosphere System
Authors: Sushkevich Tamara , Strelkov Sergey , Maksakova Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The United Nations has proclaimed a Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to support efforts to reverse the cycle of decline in ocean health and gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for sustainable development of the Ocean. The marine realm is the largest component of the Earth’s system that stabilizes climate and support life on Earth and human well-being. Scientific understanding of the ocean’s responses to pressures and management action is fundamental for sustainable development. Planet Earth is a natural example of a dynamic system with nonlinear processes that is in continuous change. The Earth’s radiation field is a single physical field (electromagnetic radiation) and the unifying factor of the Earth dynamical system. The Earth’s climate system is a natural environment that includes the atmosphere, the hydrosphere (oceans, seas, lakes, rivers), the cryosphere (land surface, snow, sea and mountain ice, etc.), and the biosphere that unites all living things. According to the hypothesis of R.I. Nigmatulin “Ocean is a dictator of climate”. H2O and CO2 are competing climate influences. In this article, we propose original author’s mathematical models for radiation blocks with hyperspectral data on absorption by atmospheric components. The new models are based on the development of the theory of the optical transfer operator and the method of influence functions in the theory of radiation transfer and Boltzmann equations, as well as the iterative method of characteristics with iteration convergence accelerations.
Plastic Flow in a Thin Layer: the Theory, Formulations of the Boundary- Value Problems and the Applications
Authors: Kadymov Vagid , Yanovskaya Elena
Published: April 2021

Two-dimensional, averaged over the thickness of the layer, mathematical theory of the spreading of a plastic layer on the plane has been studied. General and simplified mathematical formulations of boundary value problem were presented. The problem of plastic stretching of a strip by forces applied on its “clamped” ends was investigated. The analysis of various modes of the process was carried out, which are determined by both the total compression force of the ends and the total tensile force. Mathematical analogy between the process of the free spreading of a plastic layer on the plane and the process of heat transfer was studied. For known forms of a domain occupied by a thin plastic layer at the initial time and for a given law of convergence of the plates, the evolution of the boundary of a plastic layer spreading was described. The exact particular solutions of the aforementioned problem was obtained.
The Integrated Statistical Control Method of Technical Condition of Radio-Electronic Equipment for Prototyping of Robotic Systems
Authors: Budko Pavel , Goydenko Vladimir , Rozhnov Aleksei , Vinogradenko Aleksei
Published: April 2021

In the article, the approach of integrated statistical control and diagnostics of the radio-electronic equipment, which is based on the analysis, integration of the measuring information arriving from the thermal imager, magnetic field sensors, tension and humidity of air and also statistical control of equipment parameters, is presented. The solution of a control and diagnostics problem is based on monitoring of changes in the average level of a multi-parameter process. Here, Hotelling control charts, integration and processing of the measured information are used to provide the analysis and decision-making on the influence of the operator. The algorithm implements a technique of integrated statistical control of the technical condition of the radio-electronic equipment and is capable to determine the level of its precritical condition. The proposed technique increases the reliability of the identification of technical conditions of radio-electronic equipment and expands the scope of technical means of control and diagnostics.
Information-Active Systems Design Tool: “IS-2” Integrated Environment
Authors: Gavrilov Andrey , Volkova Galina , Novoselova Olga
Published: April 2021

The article describes the tool for designing information-active systems - the integrated environment “IS-2”: the concept of the methodology automation of intellectual labor (MAIL), the method of modeling the visual integrated environment, its structure, and features of the software solution. The Methodology Automation of Intellectual Labor (MAIL) offers an industrial way to create information-active, intelligent, automated and other systems. Their design involves the formation of models at three stages - initial modeling, conceptual modeling, and infological modeling. To automate the design process according to MAIL, a visual integrated environment (VIS) that supports this process is being developed at MSUT “STANKIN”. A formal description of the structure of the models, the structure of creating models process, the method of modeling VIS has been completed. The features of the integrated environment “IS-2”, obtained in the process of its development such as the formation of a universal (library of universal components used in the development of modules) component and specialized, are described. The composition of the versions is described including graphical editors for forming constituent models and their linking, means of intermediate documentation of models in the form of diagrams and specifications, and prototypes of modules for supporting analytical processing and synthesis of models.
Multirotor Heavy Lift Drone
Authors: Carrera Fausto Freire , Tamayo Pablo , Chadrina Olga , Kharlamov Sergei
Published: April 2021

This article begins by analysing the fields of application of cargo drones at an international level, to then determine the most used configurations and with the best performance to lift important loads, from which a coaxial octocopter drone with X8 configuration was designed and built, with a payload capacity of up to 20 kg and a flight range of 45 minutes. The relevance to build in Ecuador of this type of drones was also analysed and thus minimize technological dependence. The results showed that it starts with 31% of national components and that by executing activities aimed at reducing dependency, in a period of 5 years it can reach 63.8% of national components for the construction of drones of these characteristic.
Neopatrimonial Model of Public Administration and its Transformation in the Context of Global Uncertainty
Authors: Maracha Viacheslav , Bespalov Sergey
Published: April 2021

The coordinate system for describing practices of public administration in developed countries is set by three basic models: rational bureaucracy, New Public Management, and New Governance, which are “layered” on top of each other. However, in many developing countries, these models work differently, and instead of an upward movement, a spiral of reforms and counter-reforms is obtained. Moreover, in the face of global uncertainty generated by the transformation of the world order and the intensified COVID-19 pandemic, it is even more difficult to borrow the best practices from highly developed countries. The institutional model of neopatrimonialism, which includes the informal core and the formal periphery of the system of state institutions, has serious potential for understanding the specifics of government in developing countries. The value-neutral interpretation of neopatrimonialism opens up a broader view of such problems as state interventions into the economy, the relationship between power and property, the national model of democracy, etc. For Russia, the authors propose the redistributive neopatrimonialism model. Neopatrimonialism appears to be a phase in the cycle “mobilization system – stagnation – neopatrimonialism – renewed mobilization system”. It is hypothesized that the next phase will be built taking into account the principles of open network organization and solidarity.
The Interdependence of Humanistic Values and the Level of Existential Fulfillment of an Intellectual Leader
Authors: Mikhaylova Marianna V. , Dmitrieva Viktoria A.
Published: April 2021

Value orientations of the young intellectual leaders cause absolute interest because, by realizing their ambitions, projects and making creative breakthroughs, they will eventually change history, create new directions for the development of science and art. Not only the realization of the talented youth’s own potential depends on what they think about the meaning of a person, on the worldview positions, but also whether the future society will be humanistic, whether talent will be cultivated in it. The article presents the results of a statistical sociological study of ideas about humanism, qualities of a leader, value orientations and the level of existential fulfillment of young intellectual leaders - graduate students of a technical university. The level of existential fulfillment of the sample is interconnected with a high vitality and self-awareness of health, ideas about humanism as the flourishing of sciences and art, ideas about freedom as a responsible choice, and the morality of universal justice. However, graduate students deliberately downplay the values “stimulation” and “hedonism” (striving for novelty and deep experience to maintain an optimal level of activity). Although the combination of these values with the value “independence” is significant for creative activity.
Study of the Distribution and Modification of Writing in Proto-Chinese Language Communities: Correct Identification of Hieroglyphic Signs in the Jiaguwen Inscriptions
Authors: Egorova Maia , Egorov Aleksandr
Published: April 2021

The Chinese language uses the ideographic writing. The outer form of Chinese characters in 3rd century ВС and later underwent strong changes, which were caused mainly by change in the technique of writing. In the first century AD the writing style that has survived to the present time. We recall some of main results of the spread and change of linguistic information in certain Chinese community obtained with the help of a dynamic nonlinear model. Undoubtedly, Oracle script writings Jiaguwen (甲骨文) played an important role in this process. We consider it quite legitimate to discuss rather about the written language of the Chinese language, as main link between ancient Chinese, Middle Chinese, and modern Chinese languages Putonghua. In the study of the oldest examples of art, culture and science, for example, such as Jiaguwen, there is a need to study ancient hieroglyphs depicted on the surface of a tortoise shell, copper vessel or stone. New method for correct solving of an inverse problem for pattern recognition is presented. Our method is based on photometry of the studied surface. The obtained data are digitally processed in order to determine the characteristics and parameters characterizing the properties of the investigated surface. The possibilities and limitations of the method, as well as the mathematical model of the groove in the optical range, are given. The main attention is paid to the development of methods for more accurate calculation of the number of solitary grooves and structural elements such as hieroglyphs or ancient Chinese radicals (部首 / bùshǒu). This task is part of the complex inverse problem of pattern recognition, namely: identification of various structural elements, for example, ancient hieroglyphs depicted on the surface of a tortoise shell. To solve this important problem, two main methods were proposed, which are based on the study of both the initial photometric data and the study of their Fourier spectra. The first method allows you to visually identify the location of the characters along the photometric line and determine their approximate number. The second method allows us to get a stable and unambiguous solution to this problem: to determine accurately the number of characters on the photometric line.
Analytical Processing of Infological Models of Applied Tasks at Design of Information-Active Systems
Authors: Novoselova Olga , Ruzheynikov Anton
Published: April 2021

The article describes the concept of the methodology of intellectual labor automation, a formal description of the infological model (ILM) at the object level, and also a description of the analytical processing of ILM. The infological model is a project of an information-active system for a computing environment, independent of software and hardware tools and implementation environments. The infological model describes the static, dynamic and functional components and their linkage. The elements of the static component (the infological structure) are structural unitssuch as “information module”, “information entity”and “information attribute”. The dynamic component reflects the system of subject accesses to the infological structure. The functional component reflects the system of subject manipulations, which describes the algorithm for performing a class of applied tasks for the computing environment. The main stage of the analytical processing of infological models is the restructuring of their functional components. The method and technique of descriptions restructuring of the system of subject manipulations at the level of structural units of the “information attribute-5” type were developed. The method allows providing reduction of time and space expenses in the computing environment for the performance of the algorithm for solving a class of applied tasks at the design stage of information-active systems.
Mathematical Model for Collecting and Evaluating Complex Security Factors and Ensuring the Prevention of Threats to Individuals and Society in Cyberspace
Authors: Poltoranov Denis V. , Karlova Tatiana V.
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to the development of a model and elaboration of the structure of the mathematical formalism for the assessment of the state of comprehensive security in order to prevent threats to the individual and society in cyberspace. The types and objects of information threats are examined, the main properties, which are indicators and parameters we should possess, are revealed and the key stages of status assessment of comprehensive security in state entities, municipalities and organizations are identified.
Generation of Electron and Fast Atom Beams by a Grid Immersed in Plasma
Authors: Metel Alexander , Mustafaev Enver , Melnik Yury , Hamdy Khaled
Published: April 2021

We present a new method of product processing with beams of accelerated electrons and fast neutral atoms, which are generated by an immersed in plasma grid under a high negative voltage of 5 kV. The electrons appear due to secondary emission from the grid surface provoked by its bombardment with ions accelerated from the plasma. At the gas pressure not exceeding 0.1 Pa the ions with energy of 5 keV reach the grid without collisions in the space charge sheaths near its surface and their current in the grid circuit is by 2-3 times lower than the electron current. At higher pressures accelerated ions due to charge exchange collisions in the sheaths turn into fast neutral atoms leaving the sheaths and forming the beams. With the pressure increasing, the electron beam current diminishes and the current of fast atom beam grows.
Solution of the Rodriguez Equation in Modeling Volumetric Geometric Accuracy of Multi-Coordinate Systems
Authors: Stebulyanin M.M. , Pimushkin Ya.I.
Published: April 2021

The article describes the solution to the Rodrigues equation for determining the volumetric accuracy of multi-axis CNC-controlled systems. An algorithm for calculating the position of the axis of a rotary kinematic pair in problems of volumetric accuracy of mechanical motion of a portal-type system with an additional pair of rotation. The algorithm is based on the analytical solution of the Rodrigues equation in the inverse problem of finding the vector of the final rotation of the known modulus from the known initial and final values of the characteristic vector of the rotated rigid body. In contrast to the well-known direct problem, where based on a finite rotation vector known in direction and magnitude, and the initial value of the characteristic vector of a body, its final value is found, the inverse problem of the Rodrigues equation is not that common due to the nonlinearity and need to solve a nonlinear coupled system of second order equations. The results of this work make it possible to expand the dimension of the space of generalized coordinates of the system analyzed for the volumetric accuracy from three to four. This is expected contribute to the development of ultra-precise systems of controlled mechanical movement. The analytical results of this study were verified by comparing with numerical solutions of the inverse problem in Maple.
Model of the Ultimate Stress State of the Coated Tool Cutter Material
Authors: Osinnii Aleksei , Bublikov Jury , Chigarev Anatoli , Okun’kova Anna , Kapustina Nataliya
Published: April 2021

The article proposes a model of the ultimate stress state of the material of the coated tool cutter. It is found that with an increase in the fracture toughness of a tool in connection with the material ductility the machining accuracy deteriorates due to arising elastic-plastic vibrations of the tool cutter. In case when no ultimate stress state is reached, that is, a tool operates in the elastic region, then an alternating stress distribution diagram is realized for the tool cutter at the beam approximation. Therefore, in addition to the frictional vibrations, arising from the interaction between the tool cutter and a workpiece, the elastic vibrations can arise, which affects the machining accuracy and the service life of the coated tool cutter. The use of coatings makes it possible not only to increase the wear resistance of cutting tools, but also to transform the stress distribution diagrams of the normal σN and tangential τγ contact stresses acting on the rake face of the cutting tool. In particular, it is possible to control the length of the total contact area between the chips and the tool rake face.
Application of Circuit Modeling in the Study of Spark Formation During Electroerosion Treatment
Authors: Porvatov Artur , Kozochkin Mikhail , Minin Ilya , Maslov Andrey , Kuptsov Vladimir , Morozkin Marian , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Leonesio Marko , Zelensky Alexander , Pivkin Petr
Published: April 2021

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) of a workpiece is a complex, fast-flowing process characterized by alternating (intermittent) states: short circuit, idle and spark formation. The discontinuity of the EDM process means that the processing is carried out in single pulses, which are formed by a special pulse generator. The parameters of the generator pulses can be divided into time and electrical. The time period and duration of the pulses, as well as the difference between these two parameters (the “silence” interval), are considered temporary. The electric ones include the amplitude value of the voltage, the maximum permissible current, and the polarity of the pulses. in addition, depending on the device of the generator, the pulses can be composite, for example, have an igniting pulse with a higher voltage and a lower current than the main (working) pulse. In this work, we have developed a interelectrode gap model that allows not only to obtain values of electrical parameters, but also to evaluate and to optimize the electrical parameters of materials being processed with known electrical properties. The key advantage of this model is its modularity, which allows to add new functional blocks, which describe external and internal influences, for example, the concentration of erosion products, uneven electrical conductivity of the workpiece, and others, without changing its structure.
Swelling pressure of a sodium bentonite in solutions of different suction
Authors: Sato Shin , Yamamoto Shuichi , Nishimura Tomoyoshi
Published: April 2021

In this study, the swelling pressure of unsaturated, compacted bentonite-sand mixture was measured, which the all samples had experiment in dying-wetting history in suction changing. This test program used Kunigel V1 as sodium type. Constant volume swelling test was conducted out that swelling pressure was measured using a developed apparatus. A pressure sensor was mounted in the swelling test apparatus. Previously, the all samples deformed due to suction change (i.e. drying-wetting process in suction). Two types were prepared before applying suction that were initial unsaturated condition and saturated condition on same initial dry density. Swelling pressure and adsorbed water amount was monitored in the test, which lasted for one month.
Performance of THM behavior of sand-bentonite mixtures considering thermal effect
Authors: Nishimura Tomoyoshi , Koseki Junichi
Published: April 2021

This study presented the overview on the behavior of bentonite-sand mixture used in high level radioactive waste disposal. Both unconfined compression test and triaxial compression test were conducted out that unsaturated-saturated bentonite-sand samples were applied temperature effect below 100 degrees Celsius. Unconfined compressive strength was determined with various temperatures and different relative humidity for unsaturated bentonite-sand specimens, so the growing of pore pressure due to heating was most significant for interpretation to THM behaviour of artificial barrier system compositing bentonite materials.
A general mathematical framework for modelling soil-water retention behaviour
Authors: Pereira Carlos , Maranha João Ribas , Cardoso Rafaela
Published: April 2021

A new constitutive model for the soil-water retention behaviour of unsaturated soils is proposed, able to reproduce the main drying and wetting paths, the cyclic retention behaviour and its dependence on the specific volume. The most significant aspect is the inclusion of the evolution, with the specific volume, of the degree of saturation when suction tends to zero in wetting paths considering the presence of entrapped air bubbles. The model is used to reproduce with success the drying/wetting cycles of two Pearl clay samples.
Numerical modeling of unsaturated soil behavior considering different constitutive models
Authors: Quevedo Roberto , Romanel Celso , Roehl Deane
Published: April 2021

Recent advances, not only in fluid flow but also in soil mechanics, have allowed the understanding and forecasting of common engineering problems such as slope stability, soil shrinkage and soil collapse. However, owing to limited access to data or more sophisticated numerical tools, the modeling of soil behavior is usually carried out considering simpler constitutive models which cannot predict some important features of unsaturated soils. This study is focused on the numerical modeling of unsaturated soils, adopting four constitutive models based on theories of elasticity and plasticity. For each model, a numerical simulation of a circular footing resting over a soil that is subject to drying and wetting processes is analyzed. Through the comparison of results, it is possible to highlight the use of more sophisticated constitutive models for unsaturated soil behavior, particularly forecasting the phenomenon of pore collapse during wetting processes.