bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podocyte Injury Augments Intrarenal Angiotensin II Generation and Sodium Retention in a Megalin-Dependent Manner
Authors: Koizumi Masahiro , Ueda Kohei , Niimura Fumio , Nishiyama Akira , Yanagita Motoko , Saito Akihiko , Pastan Ira , Fujita Toshiro , Fukagawa Masafumi , Matsusaka Taiji
Published: July 2019

We have previously shown that podocyte injury increases the glomerular filtration of liver-derived Agt (angiotensinogen) and the generation of intrarenal Ang II (angiotensin II) and that the filtered Agt is reabsorbed by proximal tubules in a manner dependent on megalin. In the present study, we aimed to study the role of megalin in the generation of renal Ang II and sodium handling during nephrotic syndrome. We generated proximal tubule-specific megalin KO (knockout) mice and crossed these animals with NEP25 mice, in which podocyte-specific injury can be induced by injection of the immunotoxin LMB2. Without podocyte injury, renal Agt staining was markedly diminished and urinary Agt increased in KO mice. However, renal Ang II was similar between KO and control mice on average: 117 (95% CI, 101–134) versus 101 (95% CI, 68–133) fmol/g tissue. We next tested the effect of megalin KO on intrarenal Ang II generation with podocyte injury. Control NEP25 mice showed markedly increased renal Agt staining and renal Ang II levels: 450 (336–565) fmol/g tissue. Megalin KO/NEP25 mice showed markedly diminished Agt reabsorption and attenuated renal Ang II: 199 (156–242) fmol/g tissue (
P
<0.001). Compared with control NEP25 mice, megalin KO/NEP25 mice excreted 5-fold more sodium in the urine. Western blot analysis showed that megalin KO decreased NHE3 and the cleaved α and γ forms of Epithelial Na Channel. These data indicate that Agt reabsorbed by proximal tubules via megalin in nephrotic syndrome is converted to Ang II, which may contribute to sodium retention and edema formation by activating NHE3 and Epithelial Na Channel.
Increased Nighttime Pulse Pressure Variability but Not Ambulatory Blood Pressure Levels Predicts 14-Year All-Cause Mortality in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Huang Jui-Tzu , Cheng Hao-Min , Yu Wen-Chung , Lin Yao-Ping , Sung Shih-Hsien , Chen Chen-Huan
Published: July 2019

Increased short-term blood pressure (BP) variability is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension. The present study investigated the long-term prognostic significance of the short-term blood pressure variability in patients on hemodialysis. A total of 149 patients (53.0% male; mean age: 54.5±15.1 years) receiving regular hemodialysis for >6 months were enrolled. They completed a 44-hour (excluding the hemodialysis session) ambulatory BP monitoring and comprehensive hemodynamic assessments, including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and pressure waveform decomposition (forward and backward wave amplitude). Blood pressure variability parameters, including average real variability (ARV) of systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure (ARVp) during daytime, nighttime, and overall 44 hours were calculated. During a median follow-up of 14 years, 78 deaths (52.4%) were confirmed. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, none of the ambulatory BP parameters were predictive of mortality. In contrast, nighttime ARVp was consistently and significantly associated with all-cause mortality in multivariable Cox models adjusting for age, sex, albumin, hemodialysis treatment adequacy, and 44-hour systolic BP (continuous variable analysis, per 1-SD, hazard ratio=1.348; 95% CI, 1.029–1.767; categorical variable analysis, ≥8.5 versus <8.5 mm Hg; hazard ratio=1.825; 95% CI, 1.074–3.103). Forward wave amplitude and 44-hour systolic BP were identified as the 2 most important determinants of nighttime ARVp. Addition of nighttime ARVp to the base model significantly improved prediction of all-cause mortality (Net reclassification improvement =0.198;
P
=0.0012). In hemodialysis patients, increased short-term nighttime pulse pressure variability but not ambulatory BP levels were significantly predictive of long-term all-cause mortality.
“We Have Captured Your Women”: Explaining Jihadist Norm Change
Authors: Ahmad Aisha
Published: July 2019

In recent years, jihadists across the world have transformed their gendered violence, shocking the world by breaking from prior taboos and even celebrating abuses that they had previously prohibited. This behavior is surprising because jihadists represent a class of insurgents that are deeply bound by rules and norms. For jihadists, deviating from established Islamist doctrines is no easy feat. What then explains these sudden transformations in the rules and norms governing jihadist violence? An inductive investigation of contemporary jihadist violence in Pakistan and Nigeria reveals a new theory of jihadist normative evolution. Data from these cases show that dramatic changes in jihadist violence occur when an external trigger creates an expanded political space for jihadist entrepreneurs to do away with normative constraints on socially prohibited types of violence. As these jihadist leaders capitalize on the triggers, they are able to encourage a re-socialization process within their ranks, resulting in the erosion of previously held taboos, the adoption of proscribed behaviors, and the emergence of toxic new norms.
Coccothrinax viridescens (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae), a new species
Authors: NOBLICK LARRY R. , STREET ANDREW , BARROS MICHELLE
Published: July 2019

A new species of Coccothrinax is described and illustrated. Currently it is only known from cultivation, but it breeds true from seed. Consulted experts in the genus and palm specialists from Cuba and the Dominican Republic are unfamiliar with this species. Historical aspects point to a Cuban origin. It is currently being cultivated in various localities in South Florida and so far only known from this country. This palm is clearly distinguished by its compact crown, short petioles, tiny seed, almost imperceptible short costa and lack of a silvery abaxial leaf surface. A detailed description, illustration, and images are provided.
Discovery of chloroplast capture in Juniperus excelsa complex by multi- locus phylogeny
Authors: HOJJATI FATEMEH , ADAMS ROBERT P. , TERRY RANDALL G.
Published: July 2019

Previous studies of nrDNA (nuclear DNA) of Juniperus seravschanica indicated its nuclear DNA (ITS) was from an ancestor of J. polycarpos. However, analysis of cpDNA (chloroplast DNA) suggested the taxon had derived its chloroplast from an ancestor of J. foetidissima. That study has been viewed as putative, because the ITS region is sometimes unreliable for the detection of ancestral hybrids due to concerted evolution and lineage sorting. The recent availability of several single copy nuclear genes (SCNGs) with primers specifically designed for Juniperus presented an opportunity to fully investigate this case of putative chloroplast capture. Three phylogenetic analyses using five SCNGs (LHCA4, maldehy, myb, CnAIP3 and 4CL), ITS region, and four cpDNAs (petN- psbM, trnD-trnT, trnL-trnF and trnS-trnG) were performed on J. seravschanica, as well as other members of the J. excelsa complex: J. excelsa, J. polycarpos, and J. p. var. turcomanica. Analyses revealed incongruence between SCNGs, ITS region and cpDNA showing that J. seravschanica contains an ancestral J. foetidissima/ J. thruifera cp genome. In addition, the phylogenies indicate that the J. excelsa complex is composed of three distinct clades at the species level: J. excelsa, J. polycarpos and J. seravschanica and two varieties of J. polycarpos: J. p. var. polycarpos and J. p. var. turcomanica.
A new species of tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) from Taiwanese waters
Authors: LEE MAO-YING , MUNROE THOMAS A. , CHEN HONG-MING
Published: July 2019

Symphurus multimaculatus new species, described from nine specimens captured in deep waters off Taiwan, is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: predominant 1–2–2–2–2 pattern of interdigitation of dorsal pterygiophores and neural spines, 14 caudal-fin rays, 92–94 dorsal-fin rays, 79–82 anal-fin rays, 9 abdominal and 50–51 total vertebrae, 5 hypurals, deep body (28.6–35.1 % SL), small scales (102–108 scales in longitudinal series, 45–48 scales in transverse row), blackish-brown ocular-side opercle, bluish-black blind-side opercle, uniformly reddish-brown to dark-brown ocular-side background pigmentation with some specimens also having 5–7 mostly complete crossbands, and uniformly white to light-yellow blind side with dense patches of blackish-brown chromatophores predominantly covering pterygiophore regions of the dorsal and anal fins. Symphurus multimaculatus were retrieved from commercial catches of fishing trawlers landed at three regional fish ports operating in deep waters off northeastern and southwestern Taiwan. The only information associated with these specimens is the general region of capture based on where fishing trawlers operate. Data on relative abundance, depth of capture, geographic distribution, and microhabitat conditions where this species is captured are unavailable at this time.
A new species of the ant spider genus Suffasia (Araneae: Zodariidae) from the Western Ghats, India with a key to the species of the genus
Authors: SUDHIKUMAR AMBALAPARAMBIL V. , JOCQUÉ RUDY , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: July 2019

Suffasia keralaensis, a new species in the spider family Zodariidae from the Western Ghats in India is described. It can be diagnosed from other members of the genus by oval spermathecae in the female and by the presence of three cymbial pits and long curved embolus with pointed tip of the male palp. A diagnostic key to both male and female species so far reported of the genus Suffasia is provided.
The Tadpole of Vitreorana oyampiensis (Anura, Centrolenidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: MENIN MARCELO , LIMA ALBERTINA P. , RODRIGUES DOMINGOS J.
Published: July 2019

The family Centrolenidae contains about 148 species (Frost 2009), 11 genera and two subfamilies, distributed from southern Mexico to Panama, through the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia, with species in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, the Guiana Shield region, and the Atlantic forests of southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Guayasamin et al. 2009). The subfamily Centroleninae contains nine genera (Centrolene, Chimerella, Cochranella, Espadarana, Nymphargus, Rulyrana, Sachatamia, Teratohyla, and Vitreorana; Guayasamin et al. 2009). In spite of the high diversity in this subfamily, only the larvae of 15 species are well known (Centrolene altitudinale, C. daidaleum, C. geckoideum, C. hesperium, C. venezuelense, Cochranella granulosa, Espadarana andinum, E. prosoblepon, Teratohyla midas, T. pulverata, T. spinosa, Vitreorana castroviejoi, V. eurygnatha, V. helenae, and V. uranoscopa - Starret 1960; Duellman 1978; Heyer 1985; Cadle & McDiarmid 1990; Mijares-Urrutia 1990; Rada de Matinez 1990; Rueda-Almonacid 1994; Hoffmann 2004; Señaris & Ayarzagüena 2005; Rada et al. 2007). Thirteen of them are associated with Amazonian forests or forested slopes of the Andes (Frost 2009). The tadpole of Vitreorana oyampiensis (=Cochranella oyampiensis) has not been formally described; it was mentioned briefly (diagrammatic drawings and larval color notes) in Hero´s tadpole identification key from Central Amazonia (Hero 1990). In this paper we describe the tadpoles of V. oyampiensis and also provide comments on the spawning sites, clutch size, breeding periods and development site of tadpoles.
Cave Pygmarrhopalites Vargovitsh, 2009 (Collembola, Symphypleona, Arrhopalitidae) in United States
Authors: ZEPPELINI DOUGLAS , TAYLOR STEVEN J. , SLAY MICHAEL E.
Published: July 2019

Six new species of Collembola of the family Arrhopalitidae are described from the United States (Pygmarrhopalites leonardwoodensis sp. nov., P. plethorasari sp. nov., P. youngsteadtii sp. nov., P. buffaloensis sp. nov., P. shoshoneiensis sp. nov., and P. ashcraftensis sp. nov.) from caves in Missouri (2 spp.), Arkansas (2 spp.), Nevada, and Indiana, respectively. These new taxa, which display varying degrees of troglomorphy, are compared with previously known species and bring the total described species in North America to 41.
First record of the leafhopper genus Yangida Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Zyginellini) from China, with description of one new species
Authors: ZHANG YALIN , GAO XIA , HUANG MIN
Published: July 2019

Zyginellini is a smaller tribe in Typhlocybinae. Species in this tribe feed on trees and shrubs, and some species harm economic crops. Examples include as Zyginella mali (Yang) and Zyginella minuta (Yang) which damage apple trees. Members in this tribe usually have bright coloration, distinct patches and spots. Most lack ocelli. Compared with other tribes of Typhlocybinae, the main diagnostic characters of Zyginellini are: vannal veins in hindwing separate apically, only one transverse vein visible and submarginal vein extended directly to vein Cu1, forming one open cell. This tribe is related to Typhlocybini. The Zyginellini leafhopper genus Yangida was erected by Dworakowska (1994) with Yangida basnetti Dworakowska from Sikkim, as its type species. There have been no further reports on this genus. In this paper, we describe the second species, Yangida fasciata sp. nov. from China. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the collections of the Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China.
Three new species of Phyllocoptinae (Acari: Eriophyidae) from South China
Authors: LI DE-WEI , WANG GUO-QUAN , WEI SUI-GAI
Published: July 2019

Three new species of eriophyid mites from Longlin and Heng Counties, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China are described and illustrated: Calacarus cinerascens sp. nov. infesting Cipadessa cinerascens (Pellegr.) Hand.Mazz. (Meliaceae); Calacarus smilax sp. nov. infesting Smilax sp. (Liliaceae) and Tetra guangxiensis sp. nov. infesting Derris sp. (Leguminosae).
Genera of Gymnodamaeidae (Acari: Oribatida: Plateremaeoidea) of Canada, with notes on some nomenclatorial problems
Authors: WALTER DAVID EVANS
Published: July 2019

The taxonomy of the North American Gymnodamaeidae is currently intractable, because (1) the adults are covered in a thick, ornamented cerotegument that provides useful characters, but that obscures the cuticle; (2) many descriptions appear to be based on newly moulted or cleared specimens and are incomplete or contain misinterpretations; and (3) there is considerable disagreement in the literature about valid genera and generic limits, leading some authors to sink some or all of the North American genera into Gymnodamaeus s.l. Several nomenclatorial problems have added to the confusion. In this paper I use new diagnoses to demonstrate that seven previously described genera based on North American species can be separated from Gymnodamaeus s.s. and provide a key to distinguish them. I clarify the correct publication dates for Paschoal’s genera and after consultation with the original author, propose replacements for two of these generic names that are preoccupied: Donjohnstonella nom. nov. for Johnstonella Paschoal and Roynortonella nom. nov. for Nortonella Paschoal. New Canadian provincial distribution records are provided for Gymnodamaeus cf. ornatus Hammer (AB), Jacotella quadricaudicula (Jacot) (AB, ON), Joshuella agrosticula Paschoal (AB, YK), and Pleodamaeus plokosus (Woolley & Higgins) (AB). Finally, I discuss the similarity between the cerotegumental pustules in the Gymnodamaeidae and the epicuticular wax crystalloids on the leaves of plants such as the water lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) and suggest that they may have a similar water repellent “Lotus-effect.
Description of the first five larval stages of Plesionika narval (Fabricius, 1787) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae) obtained under laboratory conditions
Authors: LANDEIRA JOSÉ MARÍA , LOZANO-SOLDEVILLA FERNANDO , GONZÁLEZ-GORDILLO JUAN IGNACIO
Published: July 2019

The first five zoeal stages of Plesionika narval were obtained from 15 days of laboratory culture. All larval stages are described and illustrated in detail. Zoeal characters are compared with the previous described larvae of Plesionika acanthonotus and Plesionika edwardsii and with undetermined zoeas of Pandalidae from plankton samples.
Crikey steveirwini gen. et sp. nov. from montane habitats in the Wet Tropics of northeastern Queensland, Australia (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Camaenidae)
Authors: STANISIC JOHN
Published: July 2019

Crikey steveirwini gen. et sp. nov. is described from montane habitats in the Wet Tropics of northeastern Queensland, Australia. This species is unique among the eastern Australian arboreal camaenids in both distribution (confined to montane refugia), and genital morphology (lacking a penial verge). An assessment of the phylogenetic position of C. steveirwini is made based on a combination of morphological features (shell and anatomy) and available molecular data. The biogeographic implications for the Australian camaenid radiation of this altitudinally restricted species are briefly discussed.
A new genus of Chrysomelinae from Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: REID CHRIS A. M. , JURADO-RIVERA JOSÉ A. , BEATSON MAX
Published: July 2019

A new genus, Canobolas Reid, Jurado-Rivera & Beatson, is erected for four species of Chrysomelinae: C. nobilis (Lea) (comb. nov. from Geomela Lea, and type species), C. jarrah sp. nov., C. minang sp. nov. and C. tubrabucca sp. nov., all of which are described. Canobolas is endemic to Australia, where it is confined to the far western and eastern edges of the continent. All species are flightless, with narrow ranges. Feeding has not been observed and immature stages are unknown but the hostplant range may be wide, by inference from plant DNA sequenced from one specimen of C. nobilis. Canobolas is compared with other genera of Chrysomelinae.
Disjunct distribution of Uzelothripidae (Thysanoptera) new to Australia
Authors: TREE DESLEY J
Published: July 2019

The order Thysanoptera (thrips) is divided into two sub-orders, Terebrantia with eight families, and Tubulifera with just one family. Within Terebrantia, the family Uzelothripidae contains only a single genus and species, Uzelothrips scabrosus Hood. This is believed to have derived independently from an early offshoot of the thysanopteran sub-order Terebrantia (Mound & Marullo, 1996), and has no close phylogenetic relationship with any other thrips taxa (Mound & Morris 2007). The form of the wings, antennae, cephalic tentorium and female ovipositor are unlike those of any other Thysanoptera (Fig. 1). The forewings (when present) have no longitudinal veins, but have marginal cilia arising from sockets. The antennae are exceptionally long and slender, and the third segment has a unique circular sensorium ventrally near the apex. The cephalic tentorium is well developed, and the ovipositor is membranous and protusible with no developed valves (Mound et al. 1980, Moritz et al. 2001).
A revision of Malaxella Ding & Hu (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) with description of a new species
Authors: QIN DAO-ZHENG , ZHANG YA-LIN
Published: July 2019

The endemic delphacid genus Malaxella Ding & Hu (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) from China is reviewed and two species, including a new species, M. tetracantha n. sp. (southern China: Hainan) are recognized. The genus and the species are described and illustrated. A key to the species of the genus is also provided.
Genus Lecithocera of Thailand. Part IV. Descriptions of three new species and notes on a little known species (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae)
Authors: PARK KYU-TEK
Published: July 2019

This is the fourth of a series of studies on the genus Lecithocera Herrich-Schäffer from Thailand. In this contribution, three new species are described: L. montiatilis sp. nov., L. pakiaensis sp. nov., and L. cornutima sp. nov. Lecithocera anglijuxta Wu, described from a single male from China, is redescribed with details of the female genitalia and wing venation. Images of adults and the male and female genitalia of the four species are provided.
A new species of Hyposerica Brenske, 1897 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Sericini) from Mauritius Island
Authors: AHRENS DIRK , FABRIZI SILVIA
Published: July 2019

The genus Hyposerica Brenske, 1897 is endemic to the Malagasy region with most species (approximately 60, Ahrens unpublished data) occurring in Madagascar. There is also one species on La Réunion and nine species on Mauritius Island (eight were previously described by Arrow [1948] and one is described here as new). The Mauritius Island species are the only representatives of the tribe Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) on the island. Hyposerica are not only the most diverse group of melolonthine chafers on Mauritius Island (with 12 chafer species in total), but also one of the most species-rich groups of scarabaeoid beetles on the island (Vinson 1956, 1967; Gomy 2000).
A review of the nematode genus Labiobulura (Ascaridida: Subuluridae) parasitic in bandicoots (Peramelidae) and bilbies (Thylocomyidae) from Australia and rodents (Murinae: Hydromyini) from Papua New Guinea with the description of two new species
Authors: SMALES LESLEY R.
Published: July 2019

The nematode genus Labiobulura Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, presently known from bandicoots (Isoodon Desmarest and Perameles Geoffroy), and bilbies (Macrotis Reid) from Australia and rodents (Leptomys Thomas) from Papua New Guinea is revised. Diagnoses of Labiobulura, Labiobulura (Archeobulura) Quentin and Labiobulura (Labiobulura) Quentin and a key to all species of the genus are given. Five species are redescribed: L. (A.) leptomyidis Smales from L. paulus Musser, Helgen & Lunde, L. (A.) peragale Johnston & Mawson from M. leucura (Thomas), L. (L.) baylisi Mawson from I. macrourus (Gould) and P. nasuta Geoffroy, L. (L.) inglisi Mawson from I. obesulus (Shaw), P. bougainville Quoy & Gaimard and P. gunnii Gray, L. (L.) peramelis Baylis from I. macrourus and two are described as new: L. (A.) perditus from P. bougainville, L. (L.) quentini from I. obesulus and the identification of the hosts determined. The significance of the relationship between the placement of the amphids and cephalic papillae and the labial lobes is discussed and the denticles surrounding the mouth opening in the sub genus Labiobulura are described, both for the first time. There is evidence for host specificity in the Archeobulura with each parasite species limited to a single host species but less so for the Labiobulura with three of five species found in more than one host species.
Nomenclatural notes on Neotropical swallows of the genus Tachycineta Cabanis (Aves: Hirundinidae)
Authors: MLÍKOVSKÝ JIŘÍ , FRAHNERT SYLKE
Published: July 2019

Several Neotropical swallows of the genus Tachycineta Cabanis, 1850, have conspicuously white rumps, which caused three of them to be baptized leucopyga. This situation caused confusion concerning the scientific names of these swallows, in particular the Chilean Swallow.
A new genus and species of Scirtothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Kenya, intercepted by Australian quarantine
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A.
Published: July 2019

The thrips species described here has been taken repetitively in recent years by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service on fresh leaves imported from Kenya. The leaves involved are of Catha edulis (Celastraceae), a plant that is used as a mild stimulant, particularly in countries near the Horn of Africa between Kenya and the Yemen. The leaves are either chewed fresh or made into a beverage, and the plant is commonly known as “khat” or “qat”. Leaves of this plant imported into Australia have been found commonly to bear larvae and pupae, and more rarely adults, of an interesting species of Thripinae. Although clearly a member of the Scirtothrips genus-group (Masumoto & Okajima, 2007), the species represents a previously undescribed genus. The host range of this species is at present unknown, however Dr Subramanian Sevgan of ICIPE, Kenya, kindly e-mailed photomicrographs of this thrips (19 May 2009) and confirmed that the species had been collected from Catha edulis in that country. Although possibly host specific, this new species must continue to be considered a potential hazard by Australian quarantine, because so many species of Scirtothrips are highly polyphagous and pestiferous. Moreover, on the same imported leaves larvae and adults of a Scirtothrips species also have been taken several times, but this species remains unidentifiable due to the absence of any modern information on the African fauna of Scirtothrips. This article describes the new genus and species, with comparisons to related taxa. Nomenclatural details of all taxa mentioned here are given in the web-available world catalogue of Thysanoptera (Mound, 2009). The new names reflect the Kenyan origin of the specimens studied, and the contribution of Katarina Graljuk who first intercepted the species in Australia, and who with her colleagues at the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service help prevent invasive organisms from entering and harming Australian agriculture and ecosystems.
A revision of the taxonomy and distribution of Spirostreptus Brandt 1833 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) with descriptions of a new species and a new genus of spirostreptid millipede
Authors: MWABVU TAROMBERA , HAMER MICHELLE , SLOTOW ROBERT , BARRACLOUGH DAVID
Published: July 2019

The giant millipede genus Spirostreptus Brandt 1833 is revised to include six species from Africa, south of the Congo River. The six species formerly included in the genus were S. heros Porat 1872, S. kruegeri Attems 1928, S. sebae Brandt 1833, S. tripartitus (Cook & Collins 1893), S. unciger Attems 1928 and S. kymatorhabdus Attems 1914. Spirostreptus kymatorhabdus is here removed from Spirostreptus and accommodated in the new genus Namibostreptus. A new species, S. batokensis Mwabvu from Zimbabwe, is described. A key to the species of Spirostreptus species based on gonopod morphology is presented. Despite the remarkable similarity between the gonopods of S. heros and S. kruegeri, the two species are distinct. Spirostreptus has strict fidelity to the savanna biome, with overlapping distributions of species, thus making conservation of many species in one biome possible.
A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Coptoprepes Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae)
Authors: WERENKRAUT VICTORIA , RAMÍREZ MARTÍN J.
Published: July 2019

We review the spider genus Coptoprepes Simon, endemic of the southern forests in Chile and Argentina, and present a phylogenetic analysis of the 10 known species of the genus together with other 91 representatives of the family Anyphaenidae. Coptoprepes is confirmed as a member of the tribe Amaurobioidini. The sister group of Coptoptepes is the genus Negayan Ramírez. Both genera are united by having contiguous spermathecae and a notch retrolateral to the cymbial conductor, where the median apophysis fits. The synapomorphies of Coptoprepes (the tegulum being displaced basally, the copulatory openings on or close to the epigastric furrow, and the lacking of some leg macrosetae) are homoplasious in the tribe Amaurobioidini. Most intergeneric branches within the tribe, as well as between species of Coptoprepes have low support values in the cladogram. This is probably related to Coptoprepes species being heterogeneous in characters usually constant in spider genera, such as the presence of retrolateral tibial apophysis in the male palp, the copulatory ducts being wrapped along an axis, or the spherical shape of spermathecae. We describe six new species: Coptoprepes ecotono n. sp., Coptoprepes bellavista n. sp., Coptoprepes casablanca n. sp., Coptoprepes contulmo n. sp., Coptoprepes eden n. sp., and Coptoprepes recinto n. sp. We provide additional records, illustrations, and reviewed diagnosis of the four previously known species: Coptoprepes flavopilosus Simon, Coptoprepes nahuelbuta Ramírez, Coptoprepes campanensis Ramírez, and Coptoprepes valdiviensis Ramírez.
Three new species of the ant spider genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Zodariidae) from China
Authors: ZHANG BAO-SHI , ZHU MING-SHENG
Published: July 2019

Three new species of the genus Mallinella collected in southern China, are described: M. oblonga sp. nov. (male, female), M. immaculata sp. nov. (male), M. langping sp. nov. (male). M. oblonga sp. nov. and M. immaculata sp. nov. also occur in Thailand.
Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
Authors: CHESSER R. TERRY , CLARAMUNT SANTIAGO , DERRYBERRY ELIZABETH , BRUMFIELD ROBB T.
Published: July 2019

The avian genus Upucerthia was until recently considered to consist of nine species (Sibley and Monroe 1990, Dickinson 2003, Remsen 2003) of mainly terrestrial ovenbirds, commonly known as earthcreepers. Recent molecular studies of the genus (Chesser et al. 2007, Fjeldså et al. 2007) indicated that Upucerthia, as traditionally constituted, was highly polyphyletic, its nine species apparently belonging to four distinct lineages. Four species of Upucerthia – albigula, jelskii, validirostris, and the name-bearing species dumetaria – formed a well-supported clade sister to Cinclodes (Chesser et al. 2007, Fjeldså et al. 2007). Of the five other species of Upucerthia, U. andaecola and U. ruficaudus formed a clade with Eremobius phoenicurus and Chilia melanura, all of which were subsequently transferred to the genus Ochetorhynchus (Chesser et al. 2007, Fjeldså et al. 2007). Upucerthia harterti and U. certhioides formed a distinct clade and were placed in the newly erected genus Tarphonomus (Chesser and Brumfield 2007). The position of the final species, U. serrana, was not well resolved, although it appeared to form part of a clade including the genera Cinclodes and Upucerthia sensu stricto (Chesser et al. 2007, Fjeldså et al. 2007).
Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya  an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: BUFFINGTON MATTHEW L. , POLASZEK ANDREW
Published: July 2019

The ceraphronid wasp Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) was recently recorded in error as an undescribed species of Aphanogmus. This species is a primary parasitoid on larvae and cocoons of the bethylid Prorops nasuta Waterston, and probably a second bethylid species, Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem. Both bethylids are primary parasitoids, and important biological control agents, of larvae and pupae of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). New host and distribution records are provided for A. dictynna, as well as a diagnosis and comments on its taxonomic relationships.
A new species of Nemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Central Italy
Authors: FOCHETTI ROMOLO , VINÇON GILLES
Published: July 2019

A new species of the genus Nemoura from Central Italy is described: Nemoura sabina sp. n. It belongs to the Nemoura flexuosa-marginata species group and had previously been confused with N. flexuosa. Its relationship to other species is discussed.
Widespread phenotypic hypervariation in the enigmatic anchialine shrimp Barbouria cubensis (Decapoda: Barbouriidae)
Authors: DITTER ROBERT E. , ERDMAN ROBERT B. , GOEBEL ANNA M. , BRACKEN-GRISSOM HEATHER D.
Published: July 2019

Classification and evolutionary relationships among anchialine shrimp from the family Barbouriidae Christoffersen, 1987, has long been a topic of debate amongst crustacean taxonomists. To date, no study has examined morphological or molecular variation among populations of these enigmatic shrimp. The present study documents and analyzes patterns of widespread morphological variation within populations of Barbouria cubensis von Martens, 1872, from anchialine pools on three Bahamian islands. Such extensive morphological variation confounds identification using classic taxonomical methods. Phenotypic variation is by no means a new topic, but studies of decapods are typically limited to isolated individuals or few morphological characters. Moreover, past studies of B. cubensis do not report extensive morphological variation, however we find that upwards of 90% of individuals are affected. Anomalous phenotypes are described in 54 morphological characters with no detectable pattern associated with geographic distribution. The term phenotypic hypervariation (PhyV) is used to describe morphological variation that greatly deviates from any previous taxonomic descriptions.  Analysis of partial sequences of the 16S and COI mitochondrial genes confirm the identity of morphologically variable specimens as B. cubensis without population structure across the tropical western Atlantic. A test for cryptic diversity within B. cubensis suggests PhyV is not correlated with cryptic diversity. Morphological variation at this scale likely depends on recent changes either to their environment or genetic diversity.
Esemephe peba sp. nov., the first Brazilian Esemephina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Cossyphodini)
Authors: ALOQUIO SERGIO , GROSSI PASCHOAL COELHO , LOPES-ANDRADE CRISTIANO
Published: July 2019

Esemephe peba sp. nov is described. This newly discovered species represents the first record of Cossyphodini from Brazil. It is also the second species of the genus Esemephe Steiner and differs from the type species in antennal, elytral and aedeagal structure. Descriptions of male and female terminalia are provided, as well as the revised diagnosis and distributional map for Esemephina. Finally, an updated identification key to the World genera of Cossyphodini is proposed.
Taxonomic review of Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870, with revalidation of D. imitator (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)
and D. lauroi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, and description of four new related species (Anura, Bufonidae)
Authors: CRUZ CARLOS ALBERTO GONÇALVES , CARAMASCHI ULISSES , FUSINATTO LUCIANA ARDENGHI , BRASILEIRO CINTHIA AGUIRRE
Published: July 2019

Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus Jiménez de la Espada is a Neotropical bufonid endemic to a small range of the Brazilian Coastal Atlantic Forest, with reduced body size for the family and bromeligenous habit. We reviewed the taxonomic status of populations of D. brevipollicatus from states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, including some continental islands, based on external morphology. We tested our morphological species by a DNA-barcoding approach with sequences of 16S RNA ribosomal gene fragment. DNA-barcoding analysis included other recognized Dendrophryniscus species and was concordant with morphological species diagnosed in our review. Intraspecific genetic distances ranged from 0 to 2.72 % (± 0.91 %). Interspecific distances ranged from 3.35 % (± 0.90 %) to 20.15 (± 2.23 %). Optimal threshold values ranged from 2.8 % to 3.0 % and barcode gap analysis showed that for all individuals the furthest intraspecific distances was always lower than the closest non-conspecific individual. Seven distinct species were recognized. A neotype for D. brevipollicatus was designated and described; the type locality was determined for the Açude da Solidão (22º57’S, 43º17’W, Datum WGS 84; 410 m altitude), Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two species were revalidated: D. imitator (Miranda-Ribeiro), with designation of a lectotype and descriptions of the lectotype and of a topotype from the restricted type locality, Alto da Serra (23o46’S, 46o19’W, Datum WGS 84, 800 m altitude), Municipality of Paranapiacaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil; and D. lauroi (Miranda-Ribeiro), with descriptions of the lectotype and of a topotype from the type locality, Municipality of Angra dos Reis (22o54’S, 44o20’W, Datum WGS 84; 25 m altitude), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four new species were described: D. davori sp. nov., from Baixo Caledônia (22º21’S, 42º35’W, Datum WGS 84; 1600 m altitude), Municipality of Nova Friburgo, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; D. haddadi sp. nov., from Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia (23o21’S, 45o08’W, Datum WGS 84; 970 m altitude), Municipality of São Luís do Paraitinga, State of São Paulo, Brazil; D. izecksohni sp. nov., from Campo de Fruticultura da Bocaina (currently Núcleo Senador Vergueiro), Municipality of São José do Barreiro (22º38’S, 44º34’W, Datum WGS 84, 540 m altitude), State of São Paulo, Brazil; and D. jureia sp. nov., from Estação Ecológica da Juréia-Itatins—Núcleo Rio Verde (24º22’S, 47º04’W, Datum WGS 84; 32 m altitude), Municipality of Iguape, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Geographical distributions of all species are provided.
Phylogenetic analysis and preliminary classification of the Parathalassiinae (Diptera: Empidoidea: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)
Authors: CUMMING JEFFREY M. , BROOKS SCOTT E.
Published: July 2019

Phylogenetic relationships of the subgroups of Parathalassiinae are presented, based on a morphological cladistic analysis. Worldwide, all known extant genera, species groups and newly discovered undescribed lineages are represented in the analysis. Some previously proposed generic relationships are supported by the analysis, but recognition of many current genera renders the present concept of Microphorella Becker as both paraphyletic and polyphyletic. Microphorella merzi Gatt is here classified in Eothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert, as Eothalassius merzi (Gatt) comb. nov. A preliminary classification with all included extant lineages within the Parathalassiinae (at the genus and species group level) is outlined. The ranking of these lineages is discussed and several species groups of Microphorella may need to be elevated to generic or subgeneric level, whereas some currently recognized genera may need to be relegated to subgenera.
On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: I. Genus Scopoides Platnick, 1989 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , CALEB JOHN T.D. , CALEB JOHN T.D. , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: July 2019

Indian Scopoides species have been revised. Three new combinations are proposed: Poecilochroa kuljitae (Tikader, 1982) comb. nov., Megamyrmaekion pritiae (Tikader, 1982) comb. nov. and Megamyrmaekion tikaderi (Gajbe, 1987) comb. nov.. Scopoides maitraiae (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) and Scopoides samarae Gawande & Bodkhe, 2018 are synonymized with Drassodes luridus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874). All the examined type materials are imaged and supplementary descriptions for P. kuljitae comb. nov., M. pritiae comb. nov. and M. tikaderi comb. nov. are provided.
An Updated Analysis of Northern Hemisphere Submonthly Retrograde Waves
Authors: Raghunathan Girish Nigamanth , Huang Huei-Ping
Published: July 2019

This study performs an updated analysis of Northern Hemisphere retrograde disturbances that were first identified by classical observational studies as one of the dominating coherent structures in the higher latitudes on the submonthly time scale. Analyzing 8–30-day bandpass-filtered data based on reanalysis, a set of criteria on the phase and amplitude of zonal wave-1 Fourier coefficients of geopotential height anomalies at 250 mb (1 mb = 1 hPa) and 60°N are used to identify strong retrograde-wave events in the spirit of Madden and Speth. The new catalog of retrograde-wave events from 1979 to 2017 is used to extract basic statistics and structures of retrograde waves across all major events. The results broadly agree with those reported in the classical observational studies, reaffirming the robustness of the phenomenon. The new catalog can be used to aid further studies on the mechanisms and predictability of retrograde waves. As an example, an analysis of isentropic potential vorticity over the Pacific sector for selected retrograde-wave events reveals the common occurrence of an extrusion of low-PV air into the higher latitudes, followed by a westward shift of the low-PV patch and vortex shedding. Future directions of research surrounding the retrograde-wave phenomenon are discussed.
Robotics Has a Race Problem
Authors: Sparrow Robert
Published: July 2019

If people are inclined to attribute race to humanoid robots, as recent research suggests, then designers of social robots confront a difficult choice. Most existing social robots have white surfaces and are therefore, I suggest, likely to be perceived as White, exposing their designers to accusations of racism. However, manufacturing robots that would be perceived as Black, Brown, or Asian risks representing people of these races as slaves, especially given the historical associations between robots and slaves at the very origins of the project of robotics. The only way engineers might avoid this ethical and political dilemma is to design and manufacture robots to which people will struggle to attribute race. Doing so, however, would require rethinking the relationship between robots and “the social,” which sits at the heart of the project of social robotics. Discussion of the race politics of robots is also worthwhile because of the potential it has to generate insights about the politics of artifacts, the relationship between culture and technology, and the responsibilities of engineers.
Comparison of diclofenac gel, ibuprofen gel, and ibuprofen gel with levomenthol for the topical treatment of pain associated with musculoskeletal injuries
Authors: Wade Alan G. , Crawford Gordon M. , Young David , Corson Stephen , Brown Colin
Published: July 2019

Objective

To determine whether 3% w/w levomenthol added to ibuprofen gel (5% w/w) improves its efficacy compared with ibuprofen gel alone or diclofenac gel (1.16%) for the treatment of soft-tissue injuries.

Methods

A total of 182 patients with acute soft-tissue injuries participated in a randomised, single-blind, single-dose study to assess the efficacy and safety of three topical analgesic gels. Efficacy was assessed as the score change in a numeric rating scale for pain.

Results

The median time to significant pain relief was 20 minutes for the ibuprofen/levomenthol and diclofenac gels but 25 minutes for ibuprofen gel. At 2 hours, significantly more patients treated with ibuprofen/levomenthol gel reported a cooling sensation (45.8%) compared with diclofenac (16.4%) or ibuprofen (14.7%) gels, and both ibuprofen/levomenthol and diclofenac gels provided significantly more effective global pain relief compared with ibuprofen gel. Few adverse events and no serious adverse events related to study medication were recorded.

Conclusions

Although all gels effectively relieved pain, both ibuprofen/levomenthol and diclofenac gels provided superior global pain relief compared with ibuprofen gel, with a shorter median time to significant pain relief. Only ibuprofen/levomenthol gel provided cooling for up to 2 hours. None of the gels were associated with serious safety concerns. EudraCT No 2015-005240-33 EU Clinical Trials Register URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search
Community Analysis of a Crisis Response Network
Authors: Kim Yushim , Kim Jihong , Oh Seong Soo , Kim Sang-Wook , Ku Minyoung , Cha Jaehyuk
Published: July 2019

This article distinguishes between clique family subgroups and communities in a crisis response network. Then, we examine the way organizations interacted to achieve a common goal by employing community analysis of an epidemic response network in Korea in 2015. The results indicate that the network split into two groups: core response communities in one group and supportive functional communities in the other. The core response communities include organizations across government jurisdictions, sectors, and geographic locations. Other communities are confined geographically, homogenous functionally, or both. We also find that whenever intergovernmental relations were present in communities, the member connectivity was low, even if intersectoral relations appeared together within them.
Internet and Online Governmental Services Use Divide: Evidence From Oman
Authors: Martins João , Al-Shekaili Hamed
Published: July 2019

Based on a sample of 21,546 individuals and 5,224 households, we use multilevel probit models to analyze the divides in the use of the Internet and online governmental services in Oman. We also study the main self-reported reasons for not using the Internet. The results reveal that characteristics such as education, employment status, nationality, role in the household, or age influence the likelihood of using both the Internet and online governmental services. Gender is only a relevant explanatory variable in the Internet use case. Although a gender divide exists in the online governmental services use, it is explained by differences in other individual characteristics. No need, lack of basic Information and Communication Technology skills and illiteracy are the most common explanations for not using the Internet.
At the Margins of Canada: School Choice Practices of Aboriginal Families in a Settler-Colonial City
Authors: Yoon Ee-Seul , Daniels Lyn D.
Published: July 2019

Little is known about the school choice practices of Aboriginal families in settler-colonial societies, where they have been removed from their ancestral lands and/or have been subjected to discriminatory educational policies. Through the lens of settler-colonial theory, this study elucidates the spatially positioned school choice practices of Aboriginal families in a Canadian city. It explores their desires to choose schools and identifies their sociospatial constraints that result from historical marginalization and racism. It delineates how racial segregation in schools increased, as Aboriginal families’ school choice has been limited primarily to low-income, racialized parts of the city that face school closure due to low enrollment. In addition, this article analyzes the exclusion of Aboriginal students from prestigious schools-of-choice programs in the public education system. The study concludes that the neoliberal policy of school choice offers limited options to Aboriginal families, especially given the settler-colonial context of the city where they reside.