bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the state of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) acorns on the emergence and growth of seedlings
Authors: ZIRI Sihem , LANKRI Elhassen , HAMDANI Fatma Z. , ABDI Yamina , REGUIEG Khadidja
Published: October 2024

In Algeria, cork oak forests are of great socio-economic and ecological importance due to their great biological and ecosystemic diversity from east to west of the country. Given the decline of these forests and the difficulty of their natural regeneration, this work contributes to knowing some of the causes that affect this regeneration by studying the effect of the state of cork oak acorns (Quercus suber L.) on the emergence and growth of seedlings. The 917 cork oak acorns, collected from the township of Ain Lamcene in the Bissa forest, were divided into four batches according to their apparent condition: HeNPG (healthy non pre-germinated), HePG (healthy pre-germinated), HNPG (holed non pre-germinated) and HPG (holed pre-germinated) with respective rates of 36%, 30%, 21% and 13%. Analysis of the biometric parameters of the acorns reveals that the apparent state of health has no effect on the length and diameter of the acorns of the different batches; on the other hand, there is a difference in the weight. However, the difference is minimal and can be related to the consumption of the reserves of the cotyledons. The emergence of acorns was higher in healthy lots sown with a rate greater than 80%, compared to hose attacked by insects. The growth rhythm of cork oak plants was similar for the four batches of the sown acorns. In addition, seedlings from healthy acorns showed better development regarding height, number of leaves, and diameter at the collar and root growth than those from acorns attacked by insects.
Genetic stability evaluation of caladium somaclonal variants by morphological, cytological, and SSR analysis in three successive generations
Authors: HU Liu , Wang Yida , YU Shuangying , LI Songli , CAI Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

Somaclonal variants with valuable agronomic traits play a crucial role in crop breeding, provided that they are stably passed down in subsequent generations. Although numerous somaclonal variants have been identified and studied among in vitro regenerated plants in the foliage plant caladium (Caladium × hortulanum Birdsey), no research has been carried out to evaluate their genetic stability in subsequent generations. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic stability of three types of diploid caladium somaclonal variants, previously derived from in vitro callus cultures, over three successive tuber-propagated generations. The analysis of quantitative morphological characteristics revealed a greater degree of variation among the established plants in the first generation (G1) compared to the second (G2) and third generations (G3). Seven plants exhibiting distinct leaf coloration changes were identified in the G1 generation and were found to be stably passed down to the subsequent G2 and G3 generations. These findings indicate a wide range of morphological variation in the G1 generation, followed by relative stability in subsequent generations. A comprehensive cytological and molecular analysis revealed that five of the seven newly observed variants displayed notable differences in relative nuclear DNA content, chromosome number, or SSR (simple sequence repeat) banding patterns compared to their corresponding normal counterparts. The findings of this study will be instrumental in developing new cultivars with distinctive plant morphology through the exploitation of somaclonal variation in caladium.
Piriformospora indica modifies cucumber’s tolerance to Meloidogyne incognita by regulating various agro-physiological traits, antioxidant enzymes, and abscisic acid pathway genes
Authors: EL-MOGY Mohamed M. , ATIA Mohamed A.M. , REYAD Nour El-Houda A. , ABDELSATTAR Mohamed , IBRAHIM Dina S.S. , MAHMOUD Abdel Wahab M. , ABDELAZIZ Suzy M. , ABDELDAYM Emad A. , ABDELAZIZ Mohamed E.
Published: October 2024

Root knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is considered a major soil-borne pathogen that can cause severe yield losses for vegetables and diverse crops. Usually, reducing of M. incognita damage is mainly relies on the application of nematicides and good agricultural practices. However, the use of synthetic nematicides is restricted due to concerns about their impact on the environment and human health.  As a result, the use of alternative strategies is becoming necessary to combat RKN resistance. This study evaluates the antagonistic impact of the root mutualistic fungus Pirforomospora indica on M. incognita. It also assesses its influence on the nutritional status, photo-synthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) levels, and selected ABA related-responsive genes in cucumber plants. Roots of cucumber seedlings were inoculated with P. indica and the second-stage juveniles (1000 J2 per plant). The results demonstrated that P. indica significantly reduced M. incognita invasion in roots, resulting in a 24% reduction in root galling and 42.6% decline in final population. Inoculating plants with both P. indica and RKN increased performance of root fresh and dry weight, as well as improved photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photosystem II efficiency (PSII), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dis-mutase (SOD). Furthermore, P. indica colonization, either alone or in combination with M. incognita, significantly improved number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, the plant's marketable yield, and leaf nutrient content (N, P, K and Mg), Moreover, there was an increase in IAA content combined with a decrease in ABA content in roots of dual inoculation plants, if compared to M. incognita infested plants. The highest ABA content was recorded in the root of RKN-cucumber plants. The decline in ABA content due to P. indica treatment was consistent with the modulation of ABA pathway genes, specifically PP2C, PYL1, RK2,1, and RK2,2. The mixed of P. indica and M. incognita led to a decrease in the expression of PP2C, PLY1, RK2,1, and RK2,2 in comparison to the control group. These results indicate that P. indica application could help reduce the negative effects of RKN on important crops.
Enhancing the fruit yield and quality of pomegranate in a new niche area: Insights into site specific agronomic practices
Authors: SINGH Akath , KUMAR Pradeep , MEGHWAL P.R. , SANTRA Priyabrat , NAOREM Anand , KHAPTE Pratapsingh S.
Published: October 2024

The sustained higher profitability of a pomegranate orchard relies heavily on the production of a greater proportion of high-quality fruits, a goal achievable through the implementation of effective management practices. The objective of this study is to provide site-specific supplementary knowledge regarding the response of pomegranate plants to various management practices under arid conditions. With the aim of enhancing both marketable fruit yield and quality of pomegranate in arid regions, four separate and simultaneous experiments were conducted in the same orchard to evaluate (i) the response of planting materials derived from tissue culture, air layering, and cutting; (ii) the impact of crop (fruit) load; (iii) the response of crop regulation; and (iv) the application response of organo-mineral fertilizers containing potassium (OMF-K) and phosphorus (OMF-P). The results obtained for plant growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality did not exhibit significant differences among pomegranate plants raised through the three different methods of vegetative propagation. Striking results in terms of producing superior-grade fruits, higher marketable yield, and overall fruit quality were achieved with crop loads of 80 fruits per plant. Staggering the crop regulation from June to September effectively extended the harvesting season to four months, from the last week of November to March, with eventual benefit of reduced fruit cracking compared to the standard two-month harvesting period obtained from normal regulation. Soil application of the indigenously developed OMF-K in two equal splits, along with the recommended N and P through inorganic sources, significantly reduced fruit cracking (only 6.23%) compared to the recommended NPK through inorganic sources (26.9%), while maintaining similar physicochemical quality attributes.
Storms on the Western Black Sea shore: an opportunity for long-distance dispersal of coastal dunes psammophytes?
Authors: SANDU Andreea , MÂNZU Ciprian C. , ZAMFIRACHE Maria M. , CÎȘLARIU Alina G.
Published: October 2024

Coastal areas are among the planet's most dynamic yet vulnerable environments, the shape of sand dunes being typically modeled by two sets of forces: the relatively constant action of wind and waves and the disturbances caused by infrequent but powerful storms. These meteorological events affect the plant communities, but can also play an important role in the long-distance dispersal of some psammophytes. Plants can be exposed, uprooted, broke apart and spread by wind and waves. Then, depending on the resilience of the plant to seawater temperature, the duration of immersion, the type of fragment transported and the suitability of the new habitat, new population can be established. This study aimed to assess the resilience to seawater immersion and the ability of long-distance dispersal of three psammophytes: Convolvulus persicus, Alyssum borzaeanum, and Silene thymifolia. The experiments tested the viability of vegetative fragments and the reproductive capacity of seeds under different exposure periods (5, 10, and 15 days) and temperature conditions: 4 °C (average surface seawater temperature during winter and early spring when storms on the Black Sea Coast occur), 13 °C (average surface seawater temperature), and 23 °C (average summer surface seawater temperature). The increase of both seawater temperature and the exposure time had a significant negative influence on the viability of the vegetative fragments and on germination capacity. After exposure to seawater, Convolvulus persicus, and Silene thymifolia are able to establish new populations through vegetative fragments or seeds, whilst in case of Alyssum borzaeanum, no vegetative regeneration was observed.
Differential physiological responses to salt stress in rice landraces in Thailand
Authors: NOUNJAN Noppawan , SANITCHON Jirawat , PAMUTA Dechudom , THEERAKULPISUT Piyada
Published: October 2024

Soil salinity is a limitation factor for rice cultivation in the north-eastern Thailand. Understanding the mechanisms of salt stress tolerance is critical for maintaining or improving crop yield under salt stress. Over the past ten years, many landrace rice varieties have been examined for genetic diversity. To utilize the richness of natural resources and to explore novel genetic resources for developing a new variety, evaluating local rice varieties for salinity is still needed. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of 8 landrace rice varieties in comparison to ‘Pokkali’, the standard salt-tolerant rice genotype, to clarify the major salt tolerance mechanisms in the landraces found in Thailand. After being exposed to 120 mM NaCl for 7 days, ‘Pokkali’ expressed physiological parameters in response to salt stress which are indicative of salt tolerance ability including low growth reduction, low Na+/K+ ratio, low chlorophyll degradation and low membrane integrity. In contrast, the landrace varieties displayed varying patterns of response. No landrace variety showed an outstanding ion exclusion mechanism as ‘Pokkali’, as evidenced by the fact that all landrace varieties showed approximately two times higher Na+/K+ ratios than ‘Pokkali’. However, it was found that ‘Surin’ had a similar salt stress response to ‘Pokkali’ (low growth reduction, low chlorophyll degradation, low membrane integrity), except for the markedly increased proline and sugar accumulation, suggesting an osmotic adjustment mechanism. Therefore, this variety could be a potential genetic resource to be developed as a donor for the osmotic adjustment trait to improve salt-tolerant rice in the future.
Mycorrhizal fungi in Annona muricata L. rhizosphere in two agricultural production systems in Nayarit, Mexico
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-LÓPEZ Angela M. , QUIÑONES-AGUILAR Evangelina E. , ABURTO-GONZÁLEZ Circe A. , ALEJO-SANTIAGO Gelacio , HERNÁNDEZ-CUEVAS Laura V. , RINCÓN-ENRÍQUEZ Gabriel
Published: October 2024

Mycorrhizal symbiosis is the association between the roots of several plant species and soil fungi of the Glomeromycotina subphylum. This symbiosis plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and defense; therefore, understanding the abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species associated with plants of economic importance is of utmost concern. The objective of this study was to compare the abundance and composition of AMF communities in two Annona muricata cultivation sites, and in propagated soil, under different agricultural practices. The first cultivation site is under technified management with periodic fertilization and irrigation (TS), while the second cultivation site is under agroecological management without fertilization, irrigation, and with the presence of livestock (non-technified site; NTS). The extracted spores from the collected samples and the trap cultures were taxonomically identified based on their morphology. 13 species associated with A. muricata belonging to seven genera were identified in soil samples. The most abundant species were Funneliformis geosporum, Acaulospora kentinensis and Rhizophagus intraradices with a relative abundance of 45.9, 19.0 and 15.8%, respectively. In the propagation substrates, only 69% of the AMF species found in the field were identified. 11 species of AMF were found in the site with non-technified agronomic management, while only five species were found in the technified site.
Unraveling barley's PAL gene family: a genome-wide study on defense mechanisms against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici
Authors: ALBALAWI Thamer
Published: October 2024

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a pivotal enzyme bridging primary and secondary phenylpropanoid metabolism, influencing plant growth, development, and stress responses. Despite extensive studies on PAL genes across various plant species, their investigation in barley, a critical staple food globally, has been relatively scarce. In this study, we have successfully identified 10 HvPAL genes, designated as HvPAL genes, in Hordeum vulgare (barley). These HvPAL genes were categorized based on their conserved sequences, which revealed patterns through MEME analysis and multiple sequence alignment. Interestingly, we found cis elements related to stress in the promoter regions of HvPAL genes, indicating their involvement in the response to pathogens. Furthermore, these gene promoters contained components associated with light, development, and hormone responsiveness. This suggests that they may play a role in hormonal developmental processes. MicroRNAs were also identified as regulators of the HvPAL genes we identified highlighting their significance in barley. To further investigate these gene expression patterns, we analyzed the RNA-seq data revealed the upregulating of HvPAL 2, HvPAL3, and HvPAL8, and downregulating HvPAL 5, HvPAL 6, and HvPAL9 genes in this study. This study focused on the regulation of PAL genes in response to 23 different races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in barley. These results suggest ways to improve traits and develop barley varieties that are resistant to pathogens by selectively increasing the expression of certain HvPAL genes that were not previously regulated. This thorough investigation aims to expand our knowledge of the versatility of the PAL gene family, providing insights for advancements in host -pathogen genetics.
Identification and molecular analysis of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus infecting snake gourd in Saudi Arabia
Authors: SATTAR Muhammad N.
Published: October 2024

Snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina) plants exhibiting typical begomovirus-like symptoms of stunted growth, leaf yellowing and mottling were observed at an open field in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Sequencing analysis of the amplified complete DNA molecules revealed that the plants were infected with watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV), which is a bipartite begomovirus prevalent mostly in the Old World and a serious threat to cucurbit production in the Arabian Peninsula, Middle East and Africa. The two WmCSV DNA-A isolates (SG31A and SG52A) were 98.9% identical and showed their highest nucleotide (nt) sequence identities (98.7%) with the isolates from Iran and Saudi Arabia. The DNA-B isolates (SG31B and SG52B), on the other hand, were 97.4% identical and exhibited their highest nt sequence identities (99.5 and 97%) with isolates reported from Iran and Oman. In the phylogenetic dendrograms the identified isolates clustered closely with previously reported WmCSV isolates from Iran and Saudi Arabia. Infectivity assays revealed that the DNA-A components alone could not induce infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants however, together with DNA-B these isolates successfully caused typical begomovirus symptoms and both components were detected successfully using Southern blot hybridization. This study highlights the importance of conducting extensive future begomovirus surveillance to detect spillover events that could threaten native vegetable production in Saudi Arabia.  This is crucial as begomoviruses pose a serious threat to vegetable cultivation throughout the Middle East.
Hermetic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract mitigates salinity stress in maize by modulating photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant activities
Authors: MUNEEBA  , KHALIQ Abdul , MUHAMMAD Faran , SHAHZAD Haroon , ALHARBI Sulaiman Ali , ALFARRAJ Saleh , ARSHAD Muhammad , AKRAM Muhammad , BAOYI Zhao
Published: October 2024

Salinity poses a significant constraint to cereal productivity particularly in arid and semiarid regions. The application of allelochemical has shown promising results in mitigating the intensity of abiotic stresses. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of different concentrations of aqueous allelopathic extract derived from moringa leaves in mitigating the adverse impacts of salinity on the germination and growth of maize cultivars via seed priming. The study involved three variables: two cultivars of maize, ‘Pioneer 30Y87’ (salt tolerant) and ‘Pioneer 30T60’ (salt sensitive) e seed priming with moringa leaf extract (MLE) at varying concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, and hydro-priming as control; and different salinity levels of 0, 6, and 12 dS m-1. Salinity had a negative impact on the germination process, leading to delayed and suboptimal growth of seedlings. Additionally, salinity reduced the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments (20-50%), photosynthesis, transpiration, internal carbon, and stomatal conductance. Further, MLE also improved the antioxidant activities (catalase: CAT and peroxidase: POD) by 22-56% which reduced the hydrogen peroxide production. Moreover, ‘P-30Y87’ exhibited favorable performance in terms of better germination, growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant activities.  The application of moringa leaf extract (3%) resulted in a more notable hermetic effect in elevating salinity stress thereby enhancing germination, growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant activities. In the conclusion, application of MLE (3%) is a promising approach to mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity by improving germination, growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant activities.
Changes in composition, yield, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the Ocimum tenuiflorum L. essential oils as affected by fertilizers
Authors: HA Quyen Thi , CHU Thi Thu Ha , VU Nghiem Thi , DINH Thuy Thi Thu , DO Phat Tien , CHU Ha Duc , HOANG Phuong Lan , PHI Uyen Ngoc Lam , SETZER William N.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of multifunctional microbial fertilizer and inorganic macronutrient fertilizers N, P, K on plant biomass, essential oil yield, chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) grown in Hanoi, Vietnam. Among the four formulas tested, F2 emerged as the most favourable, comprising a basal fertilization of 10 tons of decomposed manure, 15 kg of multifunctional microbial fertilizer, 150 kg of P fertilizer, and 75 kg of K fertilizer, together with top dressing of 200 kg of N fertilizer and 75 kg of K fertilizer per hectare.  This formula yielded the highest tulsi dry biomass (4.73 ton/ha), essential oil yield (0.831%), and essential oil production (39.29 L/ha), which were significantly different (p < 0.001) from those of the remaining formulas. In addition, the concentration of the essential oil main compound - eugenol (63.1%) of tulsi in F2 was also the highest, which may be the cause of the strongest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli (IC50 of 320, 273 µg/mL, respectively), and antifungal activity against Candida albicans (IC50 of 400 µg/mL), as well as antioxidant activity (IC50 of 0.165 µg/mL) compared to the other formulas tested. The results suggested the role of both multifunctional microbial fertilizer and inorganic macronutrient fertilizers N, P, K on growth and essential oil biosynthesis in tulsi. These findings are important in identifying the most efficient fertilization formula for cultivating tulsi, serving the needs of the cosmetic and medicinal industries.
Soil test crop response based integrated nutrient management for enhancing agronomic performance of sugarcane with different planting materials
Authors: SOW Sumit , KUMAR Navnit , RANA Lalita , SINGH Harendra , KUMAR Vipin , KAVITA  , KUMAR Shailesh , SINGH Anil K.
Published: October 2024

The decline in performance of sugarcane either due to non-availability of suitable planting material or negligence in nutrient management is increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years in Bihar, India to study the effect of different planting material and integrated nutrient management strategies on performance and yield of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design replicated thrice with four planting materials (single budded sett, double budded sett, three budded sett and tissue culture plantlets) and seven integrated nutrient management strategies [control, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), soil test-based RDF, RDF + 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4, soil test-based RDF+ 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4, RDF + 25% N through FYM + ZnSO4 and soil test-based RDF+ 25% N through FYM + ZnSO4]. Crop growth attributes viz. leaf area index, plant height, tillers, total chlorophyll content was found maximum with tissue culture plantlets followed by three budded setts while the minimum in single budded sett. During both the years of the study, three budded setts increased the cane yield by 33.9 and 34.5% over single budded sett respectively. Application of soil test-based RDF + 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4 significantly enhanced physio-agronomic performance and further, the sugar yield by 39.1, 13.3 and 38.7, 11.6 % as compared to RDF and soil test-based RDF in first and second year of the study respectively. Hence, it was concluded that three budded sett along with soil test-based RDF + 25% N through pressmud + ZnSO4 of 25 kg/ha can increase overall growth and productivity of sugarcane.
Analysis of land use changes and soil erosion using the EPM-IntErO model in the Sokobanja Basin, Serbia
Authors: MARKOVIĆ Rastko S. , RADIVOJEVIĆ Aleksandar R. , GOCIĆ Milena , LUKIĆ Tin , SPALEVIC Velibor , CERNANSKY Slavomir , DUDIC Branislav
Published: October 2024

Soil erosion, with the progressive loss of fertile topsoil and its negative impact on agricultural productivity, has become a critical global environmental problem. In the second half of the 20th century, many municipalities in Serbia experienced significant changes in land use, vegetation, and environmental conditions. The drive towards industrialization and urbanization aimed to improve the living standards of the population, but as a consequence, it led to substantial depopulation of rural areas and the adoption of inadequate agricultural practices, which, in turn, further intensified soil erosion. This study focuses on the Sokobanjska Moravica River basin (Eastern Serbia), extending to the Bovan Lake Dam and upstream, with a total area of 540.4 km². The basin is situated in a characteristic karst landscape. Changes in erosion intensity and runoff from this basin are analyzed using the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model, which algorithmically integrates the widely used Erosion Potential Method (EPM) with innovative computational techniques to predict sediment production and runoff from the river basin accurately. This analysis utilizes GIS software and official statistical yearbook data, focusing on the period from the second half of the 20th century, including the analysis of the current state. According to our research, the most intensive changes in land use occurred between 1961 and 1971, marking the beginning of the period of a decline in rural population and, consequently, a decrease in erosion intensity. Key findings indicate that predominant changes in land use and vegetation led to a shift from crop farming to animal husbandry. After 1971, ongoing depopulation, particularly in rural areas, resulted in a gradual and steady decrease in erosion intensity. The primary aim of this study is to support policymakers in developing more effective soil and water conservation regulations. By making recommendations for the protection of vegetation, and thus the soil within this river basin, this research helps ensure their long-term preservation. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of current land use practices and develop strategies to mitigate erosion in the context of changing climate conditions.
Enhancement of bud dormancy release and development, leaf nutrition, flower and fruit quality of kiwifruit cv. ‘Hayward’ induced by BUD 14 biostimulant
Authors: SOTIROPOULOS Thomas , VOULGARAKIS Antonios , TRIANTAFYLLOU Dimitrios , MANTHOS Ioannis , DIMOU Maria , CHATZISTATHIS Theocharis , SARROPOULOU Virginia , BOUNTLA Areti
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of a foliar fertilization program, consisted of the BUD 14 nitrogen-calcium commercial formulation (N: 14% w/w, CaO: 5.5% w/w) as a biostimulant, on bud development percentage, flowering rate, classification of flowers into open, closed and triple, flower and pollen quality traits, fruit quality attributes, and leaf nutritional status of the ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit cultivar. The study was realized during a two-year experimental period in Naoussa, Central Macedonia, Greece. The results showed that BUD 14 induced synchronization in bud development relative to different vegetative stages including initiation of bud expansion, appearance of leaf apices covered by hair and deployment of 2-8 leaves and increased the flowering rate of open flowers. Pedicel length, ovary fresh weight, and dry weight, dry matter and length in female flowers as well as maximum pollen grain diameter and area in polar view in male flowers were significantly enhanced in the BUD 14 treatment. Fruit quality characteristics like average weight and dry mass were significantly augmented, and a 1.5-fold and 2-fold increase was recorded in canes length and number of kiwifruits per cane. In addition, leaf nutrient Ca and Mg concentrations were significantly enhanced, compared to the control. The efficacy of BUD 14 as a more target-oriented and environmentally friendly alternative method of supplying plants with smaller and controlled amounts of nutrients for breaking bud dormancy and improving their development was demonstrated, enhancing flower and fruit quality, leaf nutrition, kiwifruit developmental characteristics, and finally the total production per fruit per tree.
Factors of Socio-Economic Changes in Small Towns of the Russian-Belarusian Border Area
Authors:   Smolensk State University, Kuzavko A. S.
Published: October 2024

Small towns remain an important element of the settlement framework in the Russian Federation. Socio-economic status, settlement functions and motives of residents determine the prospects for the development or degradation of small towns. The article aims to classify existing and identify new factors in the socio-economic development of small border towns. The paper examined and analysed a set of Russian and foreign publications, as well as collected statistics from small towns in the Russian-Belarusian border area. A scientific hypothesis about the influence of border factors and interstate integration on socio-economic changes in small towns of the Russian-Belarusian border area was tested. As a result, new functions and socio-economic factors of small border towns were identified. The border position of a small town can be a development factor if the barrier of the interstate border remains. It was established that the population decline in small towns of the Russian-Belarusian border area is greater in comparison with its regional indicators and large cities. Investments in fixed capital per capita during the analysed period, with rare exceptions, do not exceed 50 % of the region’s value. However, the number of square metres of housing per capita in small towns is higher than the regional average. A proposed supranational strategy for the development of the Russian-Belarusian border area will help stimulate the economy of small towns and improve the quality of life of the population. When strategically planning the development of small towns in the Russian-Belarusian border area, it is necessary to determine their economic functions, define a specialisation to emphasise their identity and use competitive advantages in the struggle for resources with larger agglomerations.
Assessing the Development Potential of Creative Business in Second-Tier Cities
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Antonova I. S. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University,   Tomsk State University, Maleeva E. A. ,   PJSC Rostelecom
Published: October 2024

By declaring 2021 the year of creative industries, Russia highlighted the importance of this sector at the national level. However, various databases and existing tools are insufficient for a comprehensive assessment of the potential of creative industries. The study aims to establish a methodology for identifying the development potential of creative business and test it on the example of second-tier cities of Siberia and the Urals. The proposed methodology defined three elements of the development potential of creative business: creative potential, capitalisation potential and commercial potential. The study presented an algorithm and a set of assessment indicators, which were integrated with the database of second-tier cities to create a practice-oriented information and analytical tool to support management decision-making in the field of creative business development in cities. Testing of the algorithm in second-tier cities of the Urals and Siberia revealed cities with high potential (having all three elements), such as Berezovsky, Verkhny Ufaley, Verkhnyaya Pyshma (Sverdlovsk oblast), Belovo, Novokuznetsk, Yurga (Kemerovo oblast), and Kopeysk (Chelyabinsk oblast); cities with medium potential (having two elements), including Alapaevsk, Asbest, Zarechny, Sredneuralsk, Myski, Mariinsk, Katav-Ivanovsk, Trekhgorny, Zlatoust, Kyshtym, Biysk, Novoaltaysk, Seversk, Surgut, Uray, Yugorsk; cities with certain elements of the development potential of creative business. In general, a weak correlation between the elements of potential and a low diversity of the creative urban environment prevent cities from capitalizing and commercializing their creative potential. The study proposed to strengthen inter-municipal, intraregional and interregional interactions, as well as to create strategic development documents for creative business. The findings can be used by local authorities and the business community to identify cities with the greatest potential for the development of creative business.
A Tax Deduction for Home Office Expenditure: The Interpretation of and Proposed Removal of the Exclusive-Use Requirement in Section 23(b) of the Income Tax Act
Authors: Claassen Petra
Published: October 2024

Hybrid and remote working opportunities have become more prevalent, leading to an increase in attempts to claim income tax deductions for home office expenditure. SARS disallowed over R1.8 billion of the R2.9 billion home office tax claims in the 2021/2022 tax year. Unfortunately, efforts to lobby government to relax the requirements of section 23(b) of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 have not been met with legislative response. Section 23(b)'s exclusive-use requirement is particularly troublesome. Given the lack of legislative response, this article considers whether the exclusive-use requirement may be interpreted in a manner that would assist more taxpayers to claim a home office deduction. This article argues that the exclusive-use requirement does not require taxpayers to set aside an entire room to be able to claim home office expenditure. Unfortunately for taxpayers, it also finds that "exclusively" is not reasonably capable of bearing a meaning other than "solely" and that absent the application of the de minimis non curat lex rule, any private use of the home office space is fatal to the deduction of home office expenditure. The limited application of the de minimis non curat lex rule to dismiss insignificant private use offers no solution to taxpayers who live in modest homes and who necessarily work in mixed-use spaces. It also considers SAIT's proposal to tie the exclusive-use requirement to working hours through an interpretative argument and argues that it is unlikely to succeed. This article ultimately concludes that it appears as though taxpayers will find little relief from the exclusive-use requirement through interpretive arguments and must increase their efforts to lobby for legislative amendments instead. However, caution is required because SAICA's proposal that the exclusive-use requirement be removed through legislative amendment could trigger unintended consequences.
About the properties of spaces Cp(X) close to Frechet–Urysohn property
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Badmaev Oleg O.
Published: October 2024

By analogy with the Fréchet-Urysohn property, the properties of n-Fréchet-Urysohn and ω-Fréchet-Urysohn spaces of the spaces Cp(X) are introduced into consideration. The connection between these properties and the properties
Simulation of aerodynamics of a swirling turbulent flow in a centrifugal air classifier
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Solomakha Artyom E. , Shvab Aleksandr V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

Centrifugal air classifiers are the promising devices for fractional separation of powders by size. Large particles of a powder material are thrown to the periphery due to the predominance of centrifugal forces over aerodynamic forces. This paper studies the aerodynamics of a swirling turbulent flow for different working area designs of the classifier. Turbulence is simulated using the RANS method and the Wilcox turbulence model. To determine the efficiency of the classification of the powder material and to obtain a separation curve using the Tromp method, two calculation methods, i.e., trajectory and probabilistic methods, are proposed. The obtained results are validated with experimental data and through various test studies. Analysis of the numerical study of fine powder classification has shown the viability of the proposed geometry for a separation chamber in comparison with the traditional geometry. The most optimal mode of aerodynamic characteristics of the centrifugal classifier is revealed to obtain the best sharpness of particle size separation.
Modeling of elasto-plastic fracture of a compact specimen
Authors:   Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of RAS, Astapov Nikolay S. , Kurguzov Vladimir D. ,   Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of RAS
Published: October 2024

The strength of a compact specimen under normal fracture (fracture mode I) is studied within the framework of the Neuber-Novozhilov approach. A model of an ideal elasto-plastic material with limiting relative elongation is chosen as the model of the deformable solid. This class of materials includes low-alloy steels that are used in structures operating at temperatures below the cold brittleness threshold. The crack propagation criterion is formulated using the modified Leonov-Panasyuk-Dugdale model, which uses an additional parameter, i.e., the diameter of the plasticity zone (the width of the prefracture zone). In the case of stress field singularity occurring in the vicinity of the crack tip, a two-parameter (coupled) criterion for quasi-brittle fracture is developed for type I cracks in an elastoplastic material. The coupled fracture criterion includes the deformation criterion attributed to the crack tip and the force criterion attributed to the model crack tip. The lengths of the original and model cracks differ by the length of the prefracture zone. Diagrams of the quasi-brittle fracture of the specimen under plane strain and plane stress conditions are constructed. The constitutive equations of the analytical model are analyzed in terms of the characteristic linear dimension of the material structure. Simple formulas applicable to verification calculations of the critical fracture load and pre-fracture zone length for quasi-brittle and quasi-ductile fractures are obtained. The parameters in the presented model of quasi-brittle fracture are analyzed. It is proposed to select the parameters of the model according to the approximation of the uniaxial tension diagram and the critical stress intensity factor.
A study of characteristics of a pulsed MHD generator running on a combined pyrotechnic fuel
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Butov Vladimir G. , Afonin Anton G. ,   Tomsk State University, Solonenko Viktor A. ,   Tomsk State University, Kuleshov Artyom A. ,   Tomsk State University, Yashchuk Aleksey A. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the design of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator is numerically simulated and analyzed. The regime and overall parameters of the accelerating nozzle and MHD channel of the pulsed MHD generator with a two-chamber plasma generator, operating on pyrotechnic fuel combustion products with afterburning in atmospheric oxygen, are numerically calculated. A mixture of Mg powders (fuel) and KNO3 saltpeter is chosen as the pyrotechnic fuel. This mixture serves as both an oxidizing agent and a source of an easily ionizing additive. The condensed fraction includes MgO particles that can be solid or liquid depending on the ambient conditions. Relying on the previously calculated parameters of the constructed plasma generator, the developed mathematical model allows the numerical investigation of all the processes occurring in the gas-dynamic duct of the MHD generator. The parameters of a two-phase flow in the MHD channel and its general characteristics can be determined for the given characteristics of the nozzle.
Application of the Raman fluorescence method to study the effects of chemical, physical and radiation factors on the mineralization of hard dental tissues
Authors: Belyakov G. I. , Nurieva N. S. , Tezikov D. A.
Published: October 2024

Objective. To study the effect of physical, chemical and radiation factors on the degree of mineralization of the hard dental tissues surface using spectroscopy.
Materials and methods. The degree of mineralization of hard dental tissues was studied by the Raman spectroscopy using hardware-software complex InSpectrum M on the teeth removed according to clinical indications (in vitro): in varying degrees of moisture (dry and wet); before and after exposure to acid and remineralizing drug; before and after exposure to radiation
Results. The data obtained demonstrated the difference in the indicators in dry (1801 [1800; 1802]) relative units, and moistened (591.5 [591; 592]) teeth. The mineralization of teeth according to Raman Intensity before exposure to citric acid, was (602 [601; 602]) rel. units, and after the exposure it was (152 [152; 153]) rel. units, after application of the cm-2 plate it was (423 [422; 423]) rel. units. The identified differences are reliable (p 0.001). Thus, it is confirmed that organic acids (citric acid) contribute to the enamel demineralization by more than two times, and the use of calcium-containing plates contributes to remineralization almost to the initial state. At the same time, there were no significant differences in the level of mineralization (according to the Raman method of fluorescence spectroscopy) in teeth before and after direct radiation exposure, regardless of dose (2 Gy, 70 Gy, 110 Gy) in any of the functional groups (incisors, canines, premolars, molars).
Conclusions. 1. Raman-fluorescence spectroscopy has a high sensitivity and is capable of detecting mineralization, de- and re-mineralization of hard dental tissues. 2. It is recommended to determine the hard tooth tissues mineralization by Raman-fluorescence spectroscopy in a moistened rather than a dry form. 3. Organic acids contribute to the demineralization of enamel, and the use of calcium-containing plates promotes its remineralization. 4. Direct radiation exposure does not have a direct effect on the mineralization of the surface of the hard dental tissues. regardless of the dose applied in all functional groups (incisors, canines, premolars, molars), in all areas of the teeth (equator, cutting edge, gum border).
Experience of integrating lean technologies into the quality management system of a medical organization providing primary medical and sanitary care
Authors: Belyaeva Yu. N. , Piskaryova V. A. , Malenova A. Yu. , Polidanov M. A. , Myasnikova A. S. , Volkov K. A. , Zekiev S. R. , Bakarova A. Z. , Pavlenko A. I. , Dzhabrailova Kh. S. , Bisultanova T. B. , Chinaeva L. Sh.-M.
Published: October 2024

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of lean production methods into the practical activity of primary health care on the example of the State Institution of Health Care «Saratov City Polycli nic № 2».
Materials and methods. The study was divided into three stages: data collection through anonymous sociological surveys using phones or tablets, timing and improvement of the process, and a follow-up questioning of participants to assess their satisfaction. 296 residents of Saratov receiving primary health care at the polyclinic took part in the survey. The survey was conducted using a specially developed electronic questionnaire via Google Form. For mathematical processing, the results of the study were initially transferred into an electronic database; the results of the study were analyzed using the descriptive statistics method.
Results. According to the survey, the majority of respondents are satisfied with the quality of outpatient medical care. This shows that organization of the medical care is focused on the patients` needs and desire to meet their demands. The organization of the front office and the premises of the polyclinic in accordance with the requirements for the new model of the organization providing primary medical care made it possible to achieve a high evaluation of the information stands and the waiting area. The study showed that ineffective organization of the registry office contributed significantly to the patients` low assessment. In our opinion, in order to solve the problem, it is necessary to optimize the work of the registry office by introducing modern technologies and equal distribution of duties among the employees.
Conclusions. In order to improve the quality and accessibility of medical services, it is necessary to make certain changes in the organization of medical care. The level of patient satisfaction with the work of medical institutions may depend on various factors, such as waiting time for a doctor, the timing of medical services provision after the appointment, the availability of necessary diagnostic tests and specialists.
A case of diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Voronova E. I. , Friend G. G. , Pastuchov A. D. , Sosnin D. Yu. , Khovaeva Ya. B. , Kazachenko E. N. , Moiseenko N. P.
Published: October 2024

A clinical case of a diffuse form of hepatocellular carcinoma is described in the article. The results of laboratory and instrumental examination carried out in the hospital were analyzed. The results of examination using computer tomography, ultrasound diagnostics and laboratory tests, as well as the difficulties to differentiate a tumor from other diseases are presented.
Diagnosis of diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma is challenging in clinical practice due to the lack of specific clinical and biochemical signs, unconclusive imaging findings, and rapid progression. Without treatment, the life expectancy of patients is limited to eight months.
Dose-dependent effect of cadaverine on hydroxyl radicals’ production by human peripheral blood leukocytes
Authors: Morozov I. A.
Published: October 2024

Objective. To assess changes in the generation of hydroxyl radicals by leukocytes under the influence of cadaverine at concentrations of 1, 5 and 25 mmol/L.
Materials and methods. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from 40 apparently healthy donors. To assess the production of hydroxyl radicals, a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence reaction with blood leukocytes, which were pre-incubated with cadaverine at concentrations of 1, 5 and 25 mmol/L was carried out. The study was conducted on a Luminoskan Ascent® Thermo Labsystems (USA) luminometer for 180 minutes. For statistical analysis, the integral chemiluminescence indicator for the entire measurement period (RLU) was used. The time to reach the maximum of light flashes in minutes, the intensity of the utmost glow, and the area under the luminescence extinction curve were calculated.
Results. It was determined that pre-incubation of cells with cadaverine significantly reduces their time to reach the maximum generation of hydroxyl radicals. In addition, cadaverine enhances the intensity of the reaction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of leukocytes of healthy donors, and the greatest stimulating effect was recorded at a polyamine concentration of 5 mmol/L (p =0,009 to samples with a spontaneous reaction, p =0,007 and 0,010 to samples with cadaverine 1 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L respectively). Cadaverine increases the area under the reaction curve, it being the most significant at a concentration of 5 mmol/L – 20.89±3.00 c.u. versus 0.86±0.07 c.u. with a spontaneous reaction (p=0,001).
Conclusions. The results of the study indicate a possible effect of cadaverine on the mechanisms of hydroxyl radical formation, as well as the activity of the diamine oxidase enzyme in leukocytes. It can be supposed that the combination of these effects contributes to the development of the environment favorable for microorganisms at the focus of inflammation. Thus, microorganisms that produce cadaverine, which modulates the generation of hydroxyl radicals by leukocytes, adapt to their environment, creating a special type of microenvironment, which probably results in an asymptomatic course of the inflammatory process.