bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Financial Crisis on Credit Risk: Pre- and Post-financial Crises  in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Moudud-Ul-Huq Syed , Akter Rabaka , Biswas Tanmay
Published: May 2020

This aim of the article is to establish a model to discuss the reasons for changing the level of credit risk among the commercial banks of Bangladesh during the global financial crisis (GFC). Credit risk has been remaining as the essential and core risk in commercial banking activities. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the relationship among the level of credit risk as a dependent variable and financial crisis, other bank-level variables and macroeconomic variables. The causes of the GFC revealed not only systematic or structural imbalances but also the necessity to keep and strengthen the principles of credit risk management. We analyse the leading causes of the recent GFC. Moreover, the lessons that must be learnt from the weaknesses of credit risk management systems. Credit risk was found to respond to macroeconomic conditions, which indicate strong feedback effects from the banking system to the real economy. This article represents the analysis of the influence of the financial crisis on credit risk management in commercial banks and summarizes the challenges faced by banks for credit risk improvement. We hope that this reality creates new opportunities for managing credit risk in the future to increase this importance in the banks and the overall economy of Bangladesh.
Teaching the Veil: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in Classical Theory Courses
Authors: Reyes Victoria , Johnson Karin A. C.
Published: May 2020

By documenting the erasure of W.E.B. Du Bois’s scientific contributions to sociology, Aldon Morris’s The Scholar Denied was a catalyst for scholars to rethink how we teach and understand social theory and a call to recognize the racialized origins of our discipline. How can we incorporate these insights into our teaching beyond a token addition of Du Bois to classical theory courses? Drawing on comments from anonymous student evaluations and completed assignments including essay exams, final papers, and end-of-year reflections from one classical theory course, the authors argue that teaching classical theory requires teaching about race, ethnicity, and gender and outline three pedagogical principles. First, we assert that it starts with the syllabus. Second, we demonstrate how incorporating theorists’ biographies situates them in their sociohistorical contexts. Finally, active learning observational assignments reveal how research is a scholarly conversation and demonstrate the enduring importance, and limitations, of classical theories and theorists. Together, these pedagogical tools show how the classical theory canon is racialized. By providing conceptual and logistical tools scholar-teachers can use to incorporate race, ethnicity, and gender in classical theory courses, we highlight how issues of race and gender should not be relegated to substantive courses. Instead, they are central to understanding and teaching the foundations of sociology.
What Elephant? Pedagogical Approaches to Addressing Stigma Toward Mental Disorders in Undergraduate Public Health Education
Authors: Mezuk Briana , Needham Belinda , Joiner Kevin , Watkins Daphne , Stoddard Sarah , Burgard Sarah , Link Bruce
Published: May 2020

In the past decade, the number of undergraduate public health programs has increased exponentially. This growth provides a unique opportunity to explore concepts and issues relevant to understanding the determinants of health at a population level using new pedagogical approaches. One of these issues is stigma toward mental disorders. Stigma is a concept that refers to a feature or characteristic that reduces, devalues, and disempowers a person. Given the prevalence of mental and substance use disorders among college students, undergraduate education is an important setting for attempting to address stigmatizing attitudes both for society at large and for faculty, staff, and students, including those experiencing mental health problems. This article describes an effort to develop an undergraduate course in public mental health that explicitly addresses the ways stigma shapes student understanding of this topic and discusses lessons learned from this experience.
Mapping Delhi’s Weekly Markets: An Explorative Study of Hafta Bazaars
Authors: Sharma Abhishek Kumar , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Yadav Ashish Kumar , Shukla Ayush , Krishan Kirti , Katiyar Shubrat , Mir Md. Saleem , Parmar Abhijeet , Pathak Niti , Bhaduri Asani
Published: May 2020

Weekly markets or ‘ hafta bazaars’ are an important part of India’s cultural and traditional milieu. These informal markets are held once a week at a particular place, within varying time slots, and cater to a diverse spectrum of consumers. Although these markets are important from both an economic and a cultural point of view, they have not been documented properly. A team of researchers has attempted to comprehensively document Delhi’s weekly markets by mapping their locations, products sold and the days and timings at which they are held. This article offers a geographical overview of these markets through the creation of an innovative web portal—the first such attempt to showcase and digitise these invincible economic hubs on a single platform. Lessons from this exercise could pave the way for future research to unearth the administrative and economic models that underpin the efficient and sustainable functioning of the hafta bazaars.
Cluster headache and anxiety: Results of the EUROLIGHT cluster headache project – An Internet-based, cross-sectional study of people with cluster headache
Authors: Pohl Heiko , Gantenbein Andreas R , Sandor Peter S , Schoenen Jean , Andrée Colette
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study is to evaluate how anxiety influences the burden of disease of cluster headache.

Methods:

Participants completed a modified version of the EUROLIGHT questionnaire. Anxiety was measured with the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. An elevated level of anxiety was assumed when eight or more points were scored.

Results:

The data of 1089 participants were taken for analysis. The score of the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) correlated weakly with the number of attacks in the last 30 days ( r = 0.17). A score of eight and above in the HADS-A was associated with hurting oneself during an attack (odds ratio (OR) = 2.63), worrying about future attacks (OR = 2.95) and reporting of both failed relationships (OR = 2.81) and career problems (OR = 2.65). The odds of feeling understood by family and friends as well as colleagues and employers were lower in anxious persons (OR = 0.35 and 0.40, respectively).

Conclusions:

Anxiety complicates dealing with cluster headache and strongly aggravates its burden. Instead of finding help in others, anxious persons feel misunderstood and withdraw; relationships fail and difficulties at work arise.
“Please mind the gap”: successful use of ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia for urgent cesarean section in a patient with implanted spinal cord stimulation system for giant chest wall arteriovenous malformation – a case report
Authors: Zanfini Bruno Antonio , De Martino Salvatore , Frassanito Luciano , Catarci Stefano , Vitale di Maio Francesco , Giuri Pietro Paolo , Gonnella Gian Luigi , Draisci Gaetano
Published: May 2020

Background

The use of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) system to treat medically refractory neuropathic pain is increasing. Severe neuropathic pain can be found in giant chest wall arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), exceedingly rare and debilitating abnormalities, rarely reported during pregnancy.

Case presentation

We present a report of a pregnant patient with implanted Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) system because of painful thoracic AVM scheduled for an urgent cesarean section in which we used lumbar ultrasound (US) to rule out the possibility to damage SCS electrodes and to find a safe site to perform spinal anesthesia.

Conclusions

The use of lumbar US to find a safe site for a lumbar puncture in presence of SCS system in a patient affected by painful thoracic AVM makes this case a particularly unique operative challenge and offers a new possible use of ultrasound to detect a safe space in patients with SCS implant.
Economic costs incurred by the patients with multiple sclerosis at different levels of the disease: a cross-sectional study in Northwest Iran
Authors: Imani Ali , Gharibi Farid , Khezri Ali , Joudyian Nasrin , Dalal Koustuv
Published: May 2020

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes significant economic burden to the patients, families, health systems and society. This study aimed to estimate the annual economic costs incurred by patients with multiple sclerosis (pwms) at different levels of the disease.

Method

This was a cross-sectional study, using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) tool for assessing the disease level of 300 (=N) pwms in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. To estimate the cost of MS, a questionnaire with its validity and reliability (CVR 92% and CVI 87%) and pilot test (Cronbach’s alpha score 0.89) was used. The data were collected by interviewing pwms and reviewing their clinical records. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between disease levels and incurred costs.

Results

The results revealed that the mean annual cost for pwms in Iran is 97,521,740 IRR (equivalent to 2321.94 USD; 1978.93 EURO) and the mean score of EDSS in pwms was 3.14. The annual cost incurred by pwms with mild, moderate and severe levels of disease were 83,918,150 IRR (1998.05 USD; 1702.88EURO), 137,772,660 IRR (3280.30 USD; 2795.71 EURO) and 119,962,670 IRR (2856.25 USD;2434.30 EURO), respectively. Also, on average, each increase in EDSS score in pwms in Iran led to increase 8,139,260 IRR (equivalent to 193.79 USD; and 165.16 EURO) in total annual cost which must paid from pwms and their households exclusively. Also, there was a significant relationship between total annual cost and disease severity in such a way that any increase in EDSS degree is led to 8,139,260 IRR (193.79 USD; 165.16 EURO) added cost for pwms.

Conclusion

The study results could be helpful for Iranian health managers to solve problems which are facing by the patients with multiple sclerosis and their families.
Correction to: Inhibition of microRNA-451 is associated with increased expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and mitigation of the cardio-pulmonary phenotype in a murine model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Gilfillan Margaret , Das Pragnya , Shah Dilip , Alam Mohammad Afaque , Bhandari Vineet
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Fenofibrate decreased microalbuminuria in the type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Sun Xiaomeng , Liu Jia , Wang Guang
Published: May 2020

Background

This study was to research the efficacy of fenofibrate in the treatment of microalbuminuria in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertriglyceridemia.

Methods

Type 2 diabetic patients (56) with microalbuminuria and hypertriglyceridemia aged 30 to 75 were randomly divided into the fenofibrate treatment group(n = 28) and the control group (n = 28) for 180 days. Urinary microalbumin /creatinine ratio (UACR) and other metabolic parameters were compared at baseline, during treatment and after treatment.

Results

After 180 days, the reduction of level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between two groups showed no difference. In the treatment group, uric acid (UA) (296.42 ± 56.41 vs 372.46 ± 72.78), triglyceride (TG) [1.51(1.17, 2.06) vs 3.04(2.21, 3.29)], and UACR [36.45 (15.78,102.41) vs 129.00 (53.00, 226.25)] were significantly decreased compared with the baseline. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly increased (1.22 ± 0.26 vs 1.09 ± 0.24) compared with the baseline. The decrease in UACR [− 44.05(− 179.47, − 12.16) vs − 8.15(− 59.69, 41.94)]in treatment group was significantly higher compared with the control group. The decrease in UACR was positively associated with the decreases in TG (r = 0.447, P = 0.042) and UA (r = 0.478, P = 0.024) after fenofibrate treatment.

Conclusion

In the patients with hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, fenofibrate can improve microalbuminuria and do not increase the deterioration of glomerular filtration rate.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02314533, 2014.12.9
Ultrasound versus manipulation to determine an intercostal space for single-port thoracoscopy surgery: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Li Chenxi , Wang Jianjun , Ma Zeheng , Li Bing , Kang Kang , Wei Li , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2020

Background

Malposition of the intercostal space used for single-port thoracoscopy surgery can lead to problems. This study was to assess the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound in verifying the position of intercostal space.

Methods

A total of 200 patients, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status I or II, who underwent single-port thoracoscopic lobectomy, were enrolled. After the induction of anesthesia, a thoracic team confirmed the incision position. Firstly, the intercostal space was located by a young resident thoracic surgeon by ultrasound. Secondly, the intercostal space was located by an experienced thoracic surgeon by manipulation. Finally, the investigator verified the location of the intercostal space under direct vision through thoracoscopy, which was recognized as standard method. The time required by ultrasound and manipulation were recorded.

Results

The inter-relationships between ultrasound and the standard method and between manipulation and the standard method were consistent. Manipulation positioning showed a sensitivity of 90.6% and specificity of 30% while ultrasound positioning showed a sensitivity of 87.1% and specificity of 60%. The specificity of ultrasound positioning was higher than that of manipulation position. The time required by ultrasound was shorter than that required by manipulation.

Conclusions

Compared with the manipulation method, the ultrasound-guided method could accurately locate the intercostal space. Ultrasound requires less time than manipulation.

Trial registration

ISRCTN10722758. Registered 04 June 2019
Context-aware seeds for read mapping
Authors: Xin Hongyi , Shao Mingfu , Kingsford Carl
Published: May 2020

Motivation

Most modern seed-and-extend NGS read mappers employ a seeding scheme that requires extracting t non-overlapping seeds in each read in order to find all valid mappings under an edit distance threshold of t. As t grows, this seeding scheme forces mappers to use more and shorter seeds, which increases the seed hits (seed frequencies) and therefore reduces the efficiency of mappers.

Results

We propose a novel seeding framework, context-aware seeds (CAS). CAS guarantees finding all valid mappings but uses fewer (and longer) seeds, which reduces seed frequencies and increases efficiency of mappers. CAS achieves this improvement by attaching a confidence radius to each seed in the reference. We prove that all valid mappings can be found if the sum of confidence radii of seeds are greater than t. CAS generalizes the existing pigeonhole-principle-based seeding scheme in which this confidence radius is implicitly always 1. Moreover, we design an efficient algorithm that constructs the confidence radius database in linear time. We experiment CAS with E. coli genome and show that CAS significantly reduces seed frequencies when compared with the state-of-the-art pigeonhole-principle-based seeding algorithm, the Optimal Seed Solver.

Availability

https://github.com/Kingsford-Group/CAS_code
Nice guideline on thyroid disease: where does it take us with liothyronine?
Authors: Leese Graham P.
Published: May 2020

The new NICE guidelines on thyroid disease and its management do not recommend the routine use of liothyronine, but do not completely rule it out either. Guidelines from the British and European Thyroid Associations are open to a “trial of liothyronine” on an individual basis.

Some patients do not feel well on L-thyroxine despite a serum TSH in the reference range. Key issues to consider in such patients include establishing whether the patient had established hypothyroidism initially, and whether the L-thyroxine has been titrated carefully enough, possibly using small increments, to achieve a careful balance between symptoms and serum TSH concentrations. Patients should also be considered for other causes of the symptoms which may be wide-ranging.

Meta-analyses of several, but small, randomised control trials show no advantage, or disadvantage of liothyronine over L-thyroxine. However, detailed sub-analysis identifies some tantalising results eg on preferential weight loss, patient preference, and possibly genetic markers. Although linked with plausible theoretical explanations, these results may be over-interpreted. The key questions are whether a short-term trial treatment is worthwhile and safe, and whether in the future sub-groups of patients can be identified who may benefit from liothyronine. These questions remain divisive but require additional focussed research.

It could be argued that inflated costs of liothyronine in some countries have either distracted from or helped focus on the science. Costs need to be addressed. However better biomarkers of tissue level thyroid action, and a better understanding of the impact of genetic polymorphisms will help to make progress when choosing if there is a place for liothyronine in the future.

(words: 262)
Design and rationale of the Danish trial of beta-blocker treatment after myocardial infarction without reduced ejection fraction: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kristensen Anna Meta Dyrvig , Bovin Ann , Zwisler Ann Dorthe , Cerquira Charlotte , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Bøtker Hans Erik , Gustafsson Ida , Veien Karsten Tange , Thomsen Kristian Korsgaard , Olsen Michael Hecht , Larsen Mogens Lytken , Nielsen Olav Wendelboe , Hildebrandt Per , Foghmar Sussie , Jensen Svend Eggert , Lange Theis , Sehested Thomas , Jernberg Tomas , Atar Dan , Ibanez Borja , Prescott Eva
Published: May 2020

Background

Treatment with beta-blockers is currently recommended after myocardial infarction (MI). The evidence relies on trials conducted decades ago before implementation of revascularization and contemporary medical therapy or in trials enrolling patients with heart failure or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%). Accordingly, the impact of beta-blockers on mortality and morbidity following acute MI in patients without reduced LVEF or heart failure is unclear.

Methods/design

The Danish trial of beta-blocker treatment after myocardial infarction without reduced ejection fraction (DANBLOCK) is a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label, non-blinded endpoint clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of beta-blocker treatment in post-MI patients in the absence of reduced LVEF or heart failure. We will randomize 3570 patients will be randomized within 14 days of index MI to beta-blocker or control for a minimum of 2 years. The primary endpoint is a composite of all-cause mortality, recurrent MI, acute decompensated heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, or stroke. The primary composite endpoint will be assessed through locally reported and adjudicated endpoints supplemented by linkage to the Danish national registers. A number of secondary endpoints will be investigated including patient reported outcomes and cardiovascular mortality. Data from similar ongoing trials in Norway and Sweden will be pooled to perform an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Discussion

DANBLOCK is a randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of long-term beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure and reduced LVEF. Results from the trial will add important scientific evidence to inform future clinical guidelines.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov,NCT03778554. Registered on 19 December 2018.

European Clinical Trials Database,2018-002699-42, registered on 28 September 2018.
A digital decision support system (selfBACK) for improved self-management of low back pain: a pilot study with 6-week follow-up
Authors: Sandal Louise Fleng , Øverås Cecilie K. , Nordstoga Anne Lovise , Wood Karen , Bach Kerstin , Hartvigsen Jan , Søgaard Karen , Mork Paul Jarle
Published: May 2020

Background

Very few of the publicly available apps directed towards self-management of low back pain (LBP) have been rigorously tested and their theoretical underpinnings seldom described. The selfBACK app was developed in collaboration with end-users and clinicians and its content is supported by best evidence on self-management of LBP. The objectives of this pilot study were to investigate the basis for recruitment and screening procedures for the subsequent randomized controlled trial (RCT), to test the inclusion process in relation to questionnaires and app installation, and finally to investigate the change in primary outcome over time.

Methods

This single-armed pilot study enrolled 51 participants who had sought help for LBP of any duration from primary care (physiotherapy, chiropractic, or general practice) within the past 8 weeks. Participants were screened for eligibility using the PROMIS-Physical-Function-4a questionnaire. Participants were asked to use the selfBACK app for 6 weeks. The app provided weekly tailored self-management plans targeting physical activity, strength and flexibility exercises, and education. The construction of the self-management plans was achieved using case-based reasoning (CBR) methodology to capture and reuse information from previous successful cases. Participants completed the primary outcome pain-related disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire [RMDQ]) at baseline and 6-week follow-up along with a range of secondary outcomes. Metrics of app use were collected throughout the intervention period.

Results

Follow-up data at 6 weeks was obtained for 43 participants. The recruitment procedures were feasible, and the number needed to screen was acceptable (i.e., 1.6:1). The screening questionnaire was altered during the pilot study. The inclusion process, answering questionnaires and app installation, were feasible. The primary outcome (RMDQ) improved from 8.6 (SD 5.1) at baseline to 5.9 (SD 4.0) at 6-week follow-up (change score 1.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.9). Participants spent on average 134 min (range 0–889 min) using the app during the 6-week period.

Conclusion

The recruitment, screening, and inclusion procedures were feasible for the subsequent RCT with a small adjustment. The improvement on the RMDQ from baseline to follow-up was small. Time pattern of app usage varied considerably between the participants.

Trial registration

NCT03697759. Registered on August 10, 2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03697759
An analysis of factors influencing pulmonary artery catheter passage through the tricuspid and pulmonary valves
Authors: Miyata Yuka , Takada Shoko , Fujimoto Tomoko , Iwasaki Mitsuo , Hayashi Yukio
Published: May 2020

Purpose

A pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) has to pass the tricuspid and pulmonary valves for its proper placement. Although several factors were reported to hinder the placement, there have been no reports to identify the factors that prolong the individual time for passing through each valve.

Method

We individually measured the time required for a PAC to pass through the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. We examined the effect of the following factors on those times: the patient’s age, sex, height, weight, cardiothoracic ratio, tricuspid regurgitation, left ventricular ejection fraction, and the diameters of the sinus of Valsalva and of the sinotubular junction divided by the body surface area which represent the diameter of the aorta. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis after univariate analysis.

Results

The placement of a PAC was successful in all of 100 patients. The time required to pass through the pulmonary valve was significantly longer than that through the tricuspid valve (15 [10–28] s vs 9 [5–16] s, median [range],P< 0.01). The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during passage through the pulmonary valve was significantly higher than that through the tricuspid valve (17% vs 0%,P< 0.01). Tricuspid regurgitation and the diameter of sinotubular junction had a significant positive association with the time required to advance a PAC through the pulmonary valve, although there was no significant factors that increased the time required to advance a PAC through the tricuspid valve.

Conclusion

The time required to advance a PAC through the pulmonary valve is much longer than that to pass through the tricuspid valve. The diameter of aortic root and tricuspid regurgitation are significant factors that increased the time required to advance a PAC through the pulmonary valve.
A Gestalt-Terapia na Fronteira: Alteridade e Reconhecimento como Cuidado
Authors: Alvim Monica Botelho
Published: May 2020

O artigo propõe uma discussão sobre os desafios da clínica da Gestalt-Terapia no trabalho com populações em situação de invisibilidade social abordando, a partir da sua noção de fronteira de contato, os temas da alteridade e do reconhecimento como constitutivos de uma ação clínica de cuidado neste contexto. A partir de diálogos interdisciplinares, em especial com perspectivas do campo da filosofia, o trabalho propõe uma breve análise crítica da situação contemporânea, apontando para as relações entre fronteiras de direitos, invisibilidade social e existencial, propondo uma ação clínica fundada na ética da alteridade e da transformação que promova um trabalho clínico que aconteça na fronteira, no encontro com populações invisibilizadas e buscando dar a ver o que os afeta sem se mostrar. Apresenta os contornos gerais de um trabalho clínico com jovens de favelas, colocando em questão os direitos e o lugar do Estado para que o reconhecimento possa ser plenamente exercido e sua dimensão de potencializar a agência se realize. Conclui por considerar o trabalho com a alteridade e o reconhecimento como forma de cuidado que possibilita resgatar a capacidade de agência, a partir de uma ação clínica ampliada para a situação-favela em suas dimensões micro e macro políticas.
Fatores de Risco no Contexto de Adolescentes Envolvidos no Tráfico de Drogas
Authors: Pessoa Alex Sandro Gomes , Coimbra Renata Maria
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar os fatores de risco presentes no contexto de adolescentes com histórico de envolvimento no tráfico de drogas. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, exploratório-descritivo e com recorte transversal. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 8 adolescentes que apresentavam envolvimento intenso no tráfico de drogas. As questões foram estruturadas levando em considerações diferentes dimensões da vida dos adolescentes, incluindo fatores de risco, bem como sobre a trajetória de envolvimento no tráfico de drogas. Os dados obtidos na investigação sugerem que os fatores de risco na vida dos adolescentes possuem três dimensões temporais: antes, durante e após o envolvimento no tráfico de drogas. Os resultados apontaram que o envolvimento no tráfico de drogas consolida um conjunto de variáveis que se mostram prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento dos adolescentes. Além das repercussões sociais debatidas neste manuscrito, materializados a partir do estigma que recebem, passam a depender financeiramente (seja para atividades de lazer, consumo ou auxílio às famílias) e psicologicamente (para manter o status social adquirido e até mesmo consumir as substâncias psicoativas) do tráfico de drogas.
DO TERRITÓRIO DA SECA À TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DO CANAL DO SERTÃO EM ALAGOAS
Authors: Silva Wanubya Maria Menezes , Silva Paulo Rogério De Freitas
Published: May 2020

O Canal do Sertão se apresenta como a maior e mais moderna obra hídrica do estado de Alagoas, configurando-se como importante artefato introduzido no polígono das secas do estado com a finalidade de aplacar os problemas sociais decorrentes dos baixos índices pluviométricos que frequentemente acometem o semiárido alagoano. Dentro deste contexto, realizamos uma análise das territorialidades do uso da água ao longo do referido canal, especificamente nos municípios de Delmiro Gouveia e Água Branca, na busca de entender como se formam as territorialidades ao longo do mesmo, a partir do uso da água. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma coleta de dados oficiais em secretarias do estado, envolvidas diretamente no processo de implantação do canal e em órgãos federais e municipais, finalizando com uma aplicação de entrevistas não-diretivas aos sujeitos envolvidos no uso da água do Canal do Sertão na área foco da pesquisa, podendo assim inferir sobre os usos da água e a dinâmica das territorialidades ao longo do canal. A fundamentação teórica parte dos conceitos de território, territorialização e territorialidade, considerando o território como uma construção geopolítica permeado pelas relações de poder, e suas múltiplas territorialidades.
“NUNCA FUI, MAS ME DISSERAM” - GEOGRAFIAS IMAGINATIVAS SOBRE A BAIXADA FLUMINENSE A PARTIR DO OLHAR DOS MORADORES DA ZONA SUL CARIOCA
Authors: Albuquerque Enderson Alceu Alves
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo ambiciona um diálogo com o documentário “Nunca fui, mas me disseram...” no tocante a discussão geográfica suscitada pela obra. Produzido em 2007 pelo estúdio Meigueto+1 de forma independente e experimental, o documentário em questão apresenta relatos de moradores de bairros da Zona Sul carioca sobre a Baixada Fluminense. As opiniões desses moradores aparecem impregnadas de estereótipos devido ao fato de muitos não conhecerem empiricamente a outra região. Dessa forma, passados dez anos da produção do documentário, procuramos expor as visões distorcidas presentes no discurso dos moradores da Zona sul do Rio de Janeiro a partir de uma reflexão de natureza geográfica. A análise dessa situação aponta para um desconhecimento da Baixada Fluminense em razão da não necessidade de recorrer aos serviços dessa área da Região Metropolitana por parte dos moradores da região carioca e, também por conta disso, a “geografia imaginativa” referente à Baixada Fluminense ser consideravelmente construída pela mídia, a qual recorre, sabidamente, a sensacionalismo para retratar essa região.
TERRITÓRIO: UMA ESTRATÉGIA ÀS POLÍTICAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Cunha Caio Cezar , Antonello Ideni Terezinha
Published: May 2020

Pauta-se no pressuposto que o conceito de território constitui-se um alicerce fundamental na elaboração das políticas sociais, uma vez que permite uma compreensão da problemática das dinâmicas socio-territoriais. Essa categoria de análise geográfica pode auxiliar as políticas sociais por carregar conteúdo interdisciplinar e incorporador. O processo de integrar o conceito e efetuar a leitura territorial é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das políticas públicas e das tomadas de decisão nos órgãos públicos. Tendo em vista que as expressões socio identitárias encontram-se no território, o presente artigo busca refletir sobre a ótica dos autores que discorrem sobre o conceito pautada na materialidade e imaterialidade, não como duas coisas distintas, mas como dois objetos integradores para compreensão efetiva das manifestações objetivas e subjetivas encontradas no território.
DIÁLOGO ENTRE A HISTÓRIA E A GEOGRAFIA SOBRE QUESTÕES AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Macambira Dalton Melo , Lima Iracilde Maria de Moura Fé , Monteiro "In Memorian" Maria Do Socorro Lira
Published: May 2020

O tema central deste ensaio é apresentar uma análise da possível e necessária articulação interdisciplinar entre a História e a Geografia na abordagem de questões ambientais. O objetivo é demonstrar a aproximação dessas disciplinas através do uso comum de teorias/metodologias como a dialética, a teoria geral dos sistemas (TGS), o geossistema (GTP) e a história ambiental. A visão holística e integrada do ambiente e o uso de conceitos como território e paisagem, cada vez mais fazem parte de pesquisas que tratam das complexas relações entre a sociedade e a natureza, sobretudo após a crise ambiental contemporânea dos anos de 1970. Apontar caminhos teóricos que valorizem igualmente o espaço e o tempo na abordagem da temática ambiental é a solução indicada. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento bibliográfico e a contraposição das ideias dos principais autores envolvidos nesse debate. O trabalho concluiu pela viabilidade do uso comum do aparato teórico e metodológico de forma integrada pela História e Geografia no aprofundamento de pesquisas que discutam e apresentem diagnósticos, prognósticos e soluções para os principais problemas ambientais vividos pela humanidade, no passado e nos tempos atuais.
A POLÍTICA PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA PARA COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS: O PROGRAMA BRASIL QUILOMBOLA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CORUMBÁ, NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Souza João Batista Alves de , Moretti Edvaldo César
Published: May 2020

O trabalho surge na expectativa de analisar os obstáculos enfrentados na implantação do Programa Brasil Quilombola (PBQ) nas Comunidades Quilombolas (CQ) do município de Corumbá-MS. Procura compreender os entraves na implementação dos quatro eixos estabelecidos pela Agenda Social Quilombola (ASQ) – Acesso a Terra; Infraestrutura e Qualidade de Vida; Inclusão Produtiva e Desenvolvimento Local; Direito e Cidadania – por meio do monitoramento e da análise das ações a eles relacionadas, nas três comunidades quilombolas, Campos Correia, Maria Theodora Gonçalves de Paula e Família Ozório. A fim de apreender a realidade vivenciada pelas comunidades quilombolas do município de Corumbá, uma pesquisa a partir de dados secundários e primários foi realizada, através das seguintes intervenções: revisão bibliográfica e levantamento de dados junto aos órgãos públicos, bem como entrevistas nas citadas comunidades. O desafio proposto é compreender os significados políticos, econômicos e sociais da invisibilidade dessas comunidades, sobretudo suas formas e sinais de resistência, focando principalmente na produção de alternativas de sobrevivência pelos agentes sociais envolvidos, frente à exiguidade do Estado.
Endoscopy nursing in the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Dunkley Irene
Published: May 2020

An update on where nurses in endoscopy can access information on the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA)
Inflammatory bowel disease in the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Ma Sara , Rook Lisa , Galdas Paul
Published: May 2020

This article aims to inform how specialist inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) nurses can protect IBD patients through the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
Leading patient and professional education: challenges for a specialist nurse in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gil-Zaragozano Elena
Published: May 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinical nurse specialists (CNS) play a leading role in the education of patients and other health professionals in primary and secondary care, where interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is essential. Ensuring that this education is up-to-date and delivered equitably is a difficult task with limited resources. This retrospective report describes the activities and procedures developed by a paediatric IBD CNS in South West England to lead education, incorporating IPC and transformational leadership skills. Shared understanding, education and the overall effectiveness of the service was enhanced with various communication activities with other professionals, patients and their carers. Online resources from charities, if vetted and updated, were an effective source of unified information. The limitations of online resources and individual preferences had to be addressed. Family away-days and patient support groups were used to educate patients and carers, as well as to engage them with the department and other peers. Educating staff was pursued through sharing written resources (including policies and guidelines) and enhanced by mentoring and facilitating discussion at local, regional and international levels. Effective collaboration across teams and with other stakeholders is imperative for providing the necessary standard of education for IBD patients and the professionals involved in their care. The CNS should use transformational skills to promote IPC and should have a clear understanding of the context in which they are implementing an educational plan. Nursing resources and innovative actions and procedures that embrace new emerging technologies are needed for the CNS to create efficient and individualised educational strategies.
Keeping up with coronavirus (COVID-19): what to read
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: May 2020

Penny Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing at De Montfort University, Leicester, suggests some key reading for nurses during the pandemic
Nutritional supplementation for vitamin B12 and vitamin K2 deficiency following ileostomy or colostomy formation
Authors: Mantle David
Published: May 2020

Most dietary vitamins and minerals are absorbed from the duodenal and jejunal sections of the small bowel. The exceptions are vitamin B12 and vitamin K2, which are absorbed from the terminal ileum and colon respectively. Patients who have undergone ileostomy or colostomy procedures are at risk of deficiency of these vitamins, with associated risk of developing anaemia and nervous system dysfunction (vitamin B12), and bone weakening and cardiovascular disease (vitamin K2). Patients should therefore be monitored for deficiency of these vitamins, which may develop over a protracted period of time. Patients lacking the terminal ileum or colon can still absorb supplemental vitamins B12 or K2 given orally, provided a sufficient loading dose is given to facilitate absorption from the remaining gastrointestinal tract.
Be apart and stay together
Authors: Batas Renata
Published: May 2020

Renata Batas, PR and Publications, European Council of Enterostomal Therapy (ECET), provides an update on the ECET's activities through the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
Clinical Digest (part 1)
Authors: O'Flynn Sinéad Kelly
Published: May 2020

Sinéad Kelly O'Flynn, Clinical Research Nurse, Cork, Ireland, provides a brief overview of recently published articles on wound, ostomy and continence care
Clinical Digest (part 2)
Authors: Batas Renata
Published: May 2020

Renata Batas, Enterostomal Therapist at Community Health Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, provides a brief overview of recently published articles on wound, ostomy and continence care
Communicable cancer: The mounting evidence
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2020

Mark Greener looks at at new research suggesting that certain cancers could be directly transmissable
Caveats and criteria: intercultural courtships of shengnü (‘leftover women’) and Western men in urban China
Authors: To Sandy
Published: May 2020

The phenomenon of shengnü (‘leftover women’) has attracted much attention in recent years. Many of these single, never-married women have adopted the alternative partner choice strategy of choosing Western men, in the belief that they would be more open-minded about their accomplishments than patriarchal Chinese men. In this study of 17 shengnü’s intercultural courtship experiences in Shanghai, it was found that they faced many caveats. In reality, it was difficult for them to find equally accomplished Western men who were looking for serious relationships. Those who were high-flying executives were often orientalist or licentious, and those who were unambitious were resented and scorned (by the women). Economic criteria aside, one key criterion that the Western men had to fulfil was to know Chinese in order to communicate with the women’s parents. The topic of intercultural courtships brings to light the haigui (overseas returnee) identity of the shengnü who straddle the world of a global cosmopolitan professional elite, and the world of a developing Chinese economy where traditional features like filial piety and guanxi (social connections) still endure.
Gender mainstreaming and social policies in Europe
Authors: Lomazzi Vera , Crespi Isabella
Published: May 2020

The third chapter describes the changes in the main conceptualisations of gender equality and GM in relations with social and gender policies and their development over time in Europe. Is it clear that there are different potential instruments available in the gender equality perspective and the relevance of the gender mainstreaming strategy for social policies is to propose and pursue the introduction of a gender equality perspective to all policies at all levels of governance.
In particular, the chapter analyseshow policies are addressing the gender mainstreaming perspective and if and how different welfare states and welfare regimes could influence the way in which gender measures and policies are implemented. The work-family issue is a field of application and verification in evaluating the degree of gender equality options within a welfare state system in a comparative way.
The issue of evaluation of gender and social policies is also considered in the analysis of the gender budgeting and gender auditing strategies applied to measure the implementation and the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming.
Conclusions
Authors: Lomazzi Vera , Crespi Isabella
Published: May 2020

This chapter points out strength and weak elements of the gender mainstreaming strategy. On the one hand it represents one of the few attempts of installing a transnational strategy for gender equality proposing shared values and standards.Such a strategy boosted the development of a formal recognition of gender equality rights in institutions, workplaces and individual opinions. However, itentailsalso controversial aspects. For example, it still faces missteps in the conceptualisation of gender equality, with relevant consequences in the achievement of results. Furthermore, gender-equality policies have been marginalised progressively in the past decade as a result of political and institutional choices implemented at the European level and today risk being even more overlooked by the political debates at the national level.
The future of gender equality depends by the awareness that establishing a legal basis for it is only the first step of a broader process that, to be effective, needs to promote a substantial cultural change within political, economic and social institutions, as well as public opinion.
Energy, pollution and climate change
Authors: Anable Jillian , Brand Christian
Published: May 2020

Despite decades of focus on energy efficiency and technical solutions for vehicles and fuels, the transport sector is a large and growing contributor to the climate crisis alongside other serious environmental consequences attributed to the combustion of fossil fuel. Vehicle efficiency improvements have failed to outpace the demand for the distance travelled and have therefore failed to result in absolute reductions in energy used. This chapter takes stock at this pivotal point among a constellation of so-called transport ‘revolutions’ and ponders the need to reframe the core concept of ‘energy efficiency’ if it is to be a useful focal point for sustainable action in this sector. The core contention is that the goal of energy efficiency has become so embedded in the discourses attached to low carbon transport that it has crowded out discussion of any unintended consequences or, most importantly, where we want the taken-for granted efficient and decarbonised pathways to ultimately lead. An alternative framework is proposed which opens the debate around whether levels of mobility demand are themselves unsustainable and consistent and meaningful efforts to manage demand based on notions of ‘sufficiency’ might be a more effective and potentially equitable route to lower energy demand.
Social inclusion, accessibility and emotional work
Authors: Middleton Jennie , Spinney Justin
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the ‘emotional work’ involved in gaining accessibility. By emotional work we mean the additional frustration, anxiety and stress some groups experience as a result of a mobility system that does not accommodate their needs. In particular, we focus on the everyday experiences of both new mothers and visually impaired young people as they negotiate London’s transport system to illustrate how the burden of this additional form of work is unevenly distributed between social groups. In doing so we foreground the importance of seeing accessibility as a process, and argue that measures of accessibility should be founded on principles of justice maximisation rather than utility.
Grenfell and the place of housing in modern life
Authors: Minton Anna
Published: May 2020

Focusing on the Grenfell tragedy this chapter examines critically the place of housing in society, the economy and policy in the UK today. The chapter traces key reforms that have served to undercut housing and communities as social goods and to instead reconceptualise and rebuild them as investment assets, highlighting the pervasive housing insecurity that has as a consequence been created and normalised in the UK housing market and its significant deleterious human impacts for less affluent people and places.
Contradictory dynamics of empowerment in social innovation initiatives
Authors: Oosterlynck Stijn , Novy Andreas , Leubolt Bernhard , Weinzierl Carla
Published: May 2020

In this chapter, we undertake a systematic analysis of the empowerment dimension of social innovation initiatives. The notions of social innovation and empowerment have a rather similar history. We provide a brief historical overview of the concept of empowerment and the diverse and competing meanings the concept has acquired over time. We then specify three dimensions of empowerment to analyse the empowering potential of social innovation: the bottom-up and top-down dynamics of empowerment, the relation between individual and collective forms of empowerment and the extent to which empowerment has an instrumental or expressive focus. In the analysed case studies of social innovation initiatives, we observe a pre-eminence of top-down empowerment, the dominance of individual empowerment dynamics and a predominant focus on instrumental forms of empowerment in social innovation initiatives, especially in the governance of labour market activation.
Knowledge for social innovation
Authors: Novy Andreas , Cools Pieter , Verschraegen Gert , Weinzierl Carla
Published: May 2020

The chapter investigates two ideal types of knowledge about and for social innovations combating poverty: A model of linear change based on standardized knowledge and a context-sensitive model based on tacit knowledge for transformative alternatives. Case study analysis focussed on the field of homelessness and re-use. Six housing first initiatives in six European cities and two large networks of work integration social enterprises in UK and Flanders were studied to disentangle the dualist model by exploring how and why practitioners use different types of knowledge to pursue their respective mission. While codification and standardisation pushes for standardized knowledge, contextual knowledge is important for successful implementation. In all cases, the respective governance of producing and disseminating knowledge was decisive for effective agency. Knowledge alliances based on multi-level collaborations between stakeholders with different perspectives and forms of expertise were identified as promising forms of producing and disseminating knowledge to upscale and to diffuse socially innovative initiatives and approaches.