bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histamine receptor agonist alleviates severe cardiorenal damages by eliciting anti-inflammatory programming
Authors: Noguchi Kazuyuki , Ishida Junji , Kim Jun-Dal , Muromachi Naoto , Kako Koichiro , Mizukami Hayase , Lu Weizhe , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Kawasaki Shohei , Kaneko Shuzo , Usui Joichi , Ohtsu Hiroshi , Yamagata Kunihiro , Fukamizu Akiyoshi
Published: January 2020

Heart failure and chronic kidney disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality internationally. Although these dysfunctions are common and frequently coexist, the factors involved in their relationship in cardiorenal regulation are still largely unknown, mainly due to a lack of detailed molecular targets. Here, we found the increased plasma histamine in a preclinical mouse model of severe cardiac dysfunction, that had been cotreated with angiotensin II (Ang II), nephrectomy, and salt (ANS). The ANS mice exhibited impaired renal function accompanied with heart failure, and histamine depletion, by the genetic inactivation of histidine decarboxylase in mice, exacerbated the ANS-induced cardiac and renal abnormalities, including the reduction of left ventricular fractional shortening and renal glomerular and tubular injuries. Interestingly, while the pharmacological inhibition of the histamine receptor H3 facilitated heart failure and kidney injury in ANS mice, administration of the H3 agonist immethridine (Imm) was protective against cardiorenal damages. Transcriptome analysis of the kidney and biochemical examinations using blood samples illustrated that the increased inflammation in ANS mice was alleviated by Imm. Our results extend the pharmacological use of H3 agonists beyond the initial purposes of its drug development for neurogenerative diseases and have implications for therapeutic potential of H3 agonists that invoke the anti-inflammatory gene expression programming against cardiorenal damages.
The role of forest conversion, degradation, and disturbance in the carbon dynamics of Amazon indigenous territories and protected areas
Authors: Walker Wayne S. , Gorelik Seth R. , Baccini Alessandro , Aragon-Osejo Jose Luis , Josse Carmen , Meyer Chris , Macedo Marcia N. , Augusto Cicero , Rios Sandra , Katan Tuntiak , de Souza Alana Almeida , Cuellar Saul , Llanos Andres , Zager Irene , Mirabal Gregorio Díaz , Solvik Kylen K. , Farina Mary K. , Moutinho Paulo , Schwartzman Stephan
Published: January 2020

Maintaining the abundance of carbon stored aboveground in Amazon forests is central to any comprehensive climate stabilization strategy. Growing evidence points to indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) as buffers against large-scale carbon emissions across a nine-nation network of indigenous territories (ITs) and protected natural areas (PNAs). Previous studies have demonstrated a link between indigenous land management and avoided deforestation, yet few have accounted for forest degradation and natural disturbances—processes that occur without forest clearing but are increasingly important drivers of biomass loss. Here we provide a comprehensive accounting of aboveground carbon dynamics inside and outside Amazon protected lands. Using published data on changes in aboveground carbon density and forest cover, we track gains and losses in carbon density from forest conversion and degradation/disturbance. We find that ITs and PNAs stored more than one-half (58%; 41,991 MtC) of the region’s carbon in 2016 but were responsible for just 10% (−130 MtC) of the net change (−1,290 MtC). Nevertheless, nearly one-half billion tons of carbon were lost from both ITs and PNAs (−434 MtC and −423 MtC, respectively), with degradation/disturbance accounting for >75% of the losses in 7 countries. With deforestation increasing, and degradation/disturbance a neglected but significant source of region-wide emissions (47%), our results suggest that sustained support for IPLC stewardship of Amazon forests is critical. IPLCs provide a global environmental service that merits increased political protection and financial support, particularly if Amazon Basin countries are to achieve their commitments under the Paris Climate Agreement.
Ocean sentinel albatrosses locate illegal vessels and provide the first estimate of the extent of nondeclared fishing
Authors: Weimerskirch Henri , Collet Julien , Corbeau Alexandre , Pajot Adrien , Hoarau Floran , Marteau Cédric , Filippi Dominique , Patrick Samantha C.
Published: January 2020

With threats to nature becoming increasingly prominent, in order for biodiversity levels to persist, there is a critical need to improve implementation of conservation measures. In the oceans, the surveillance of fisheries is complex and inadequate, such that quantifying and locating nondeclared and illegal fisheries is persistently problematic. Given that these activities dramatically impact oceanic ecosystems, through overexploitation of fish stocks and bycatch of threatened species, innovative ways to monitor the oceans are urgently required. Here, we describe a concept of “Ocean Sentinel” using animals equipped with state-of-the-art loggers which monitor fisheries in remote areas. Albatrosses fitted with loggers detecting and locating the presence of vessels and transmitting the information immediately to authorities allowed an estimation of the proportion of nondeclared fishing vessels operating in national and international waters of the Southern Ocean. We found that in international waters, more than one-third of vessels had no Automatic Identification System operating; in national Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), this proportion was lower on average, but variable according to EEZ. Ocean Sentinel was also able to provide unpreceded information on the attraction of seabirds to vessels, giving access to crucial information for risk-assessment plans of threatened species. Attraction differed between species, age, and vessel activity. Fishing vessels attracted more birds than other vessels, and juveniles both encountered fewer vessels and showed a lower attraction to vessels than adults. This study shows that the development of technologies offers the potential of implementing conservation policies by using wide-ranging seabirds to patrol oceans.
Entanglement entropy of an annulus in holographic thermalization *
Authors: Ling Yi , Liu Yuxuan , Xian Zhuo-Yu
Published: January 2020

The thermalization process of the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) of an annular domain is investigated in the Vaidya-AdS geometry. We determine numerically the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi (HRT) surface, which may be a hemi-torus or two disks, depending on the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius of the annulus. More importantly, for some fixed ratio of the two radii, the annulus undergoes a phase transition, or a double phase transition, during thermalization from a hemi-torus to a two-disk configuration, or vice versa. The occurrence of various phase transitions is determined by the ratio of the two radii of the annulus. The rate of entanglement growth is also investigated during the thermal quench. The local maximal rate of entanglement growth occurs in the region with a double phase transition. Finally, if the quench process is sufficiently slow, which may be controlled by the thickness of the null shell, the region with a double phase transition vanishes.
Evaluation of analytical model for magnetic field distribution in magnetizing fixture study
Authors: Oemry F , Hermanto B , Prawito P , Oemry A , Sebayang P
Published: January 2020

A simple analytical model for magnetic field of a circular current was evaluated for the case of 4-multilayer solenoid of single-pole magnetizing fixture. The exact solution of the analytical model was computationally simulated and presented as 2D spatial distribution of magnetic field strength as functions of applied current and the position of each single coil in the solenoid. The results were compared with experimental measurements performed on commercial magnetizing fixture in order to gauge the effectiveness of the model in real application conditions. Qualitatively, the model shows an excellent agreement to the general trend of spatial distribution of magnetic field patterns obtained from experimental data despite of a considerable percentage error between the model and experimental results.
Side-scan sonar investigations and marine seismic of identification object
Authors: Lubis M Z , Anurogo W , Chayati S N , Sari L R , Taki H M , Pujiyati S
Published: January 2020

In the process of identifying seafloor objects, the hydroacoustic method using 2 beams, namely ports and starboards in side scan sonar instruments is a very efficient and renewable method in its field, especially in the hydrographic field. This study was carried out at December 2016 on Punggur waters, Indonesia (104°05.6103 E, 1°04.3226 N until 1°03.3977 N 104°07.9100 E, 1°02.2866 N). The side scan sonar used when recording seabed images in this study uses one frequency, 325 325 kHz covering surface around 4.72 km in Punggur waters, Indonesia. The ship navigates using GPS Trimble 361, which is corrected using beacons, with data retrieval activities when the waves are calm. The gain produced by the side scan sonar instrument will have a relationship that will not be the same at every seabed data collection location. Side scan sonar uses a Baudrate value of 19200 and with a value of 8 bits with a maximum Gain value of 8 dB. Highest result of the time is 13568 cm/second and 104.325 cm in line trace object 4 of side scan sonar imagery. Highest result of line trace is target 1 with 191.88 cm on object 1, and highest of time result is 13568 cm/second on object 4.
Synthesis of biodegradable plastics using corn starch and corn husk as the fillers as well as chitosan and sorbitol
Authors: Amalia D , Saleh D , Djonaedi E
Published: January 2020

Bio plastics are polymers prepared from renewable materials. In this study, maize-derived cornstarch and milled corn husk were used as the base material and filler, respectively. Corn husk powder with two-grain sizes of 150 mesh and 200 mesh, respectively, were used. Chitosan was used at concentrations of 0.02 %, 0.04 %, 0.06 %, 0.08 %, and 0.1 % by weight at a constant ratio of 1:1 to cornhusk powder and maize for improving the mechanical properties of bio plastics. The mixture was diluted using a solution containing 2.5 mL of acetic acid (25 %), 1.75 mL of sorbitol, and 70 mL distilled water. Optimum mechanical properties were observed using a cornhusk grain size of 150 meshes with 0.04% of chitosan by weight. This sample exhibited a tensile strength of 11.7164 MPa, elongation of 10.05 %, a Young’s modulus of 1.1668 MPa, and tear strength of 763.86 mN. A biodegradability of 70–100 % was achieved in 21 days with the evidence of fungal growth after 14 days. In addition, the sample was able to withstand a temperature of 140 °C for 1 h.
Calculation of magnetic moment of inverse-Heusler alloy Fe2CuAl via first-principles-based tight-binding model
Authors: Azhar A , Majidi M A , Nanto D
Published: January 2020

Heusler alloys have been known since the 19th century and have fascinated researchers because of their wide range of applications, especially related to their magnetic properties. The magnetic moment of a few of these materials can be predicted by simply counting their valance electrons [this is called the Slater-Pauling (SP) rule]. However, this simple counting rule does not work in many other cases. Inverse-Heusler alloys are a sub-class of Heusler alloys, and in many cases also do not follow the SP rule. Fe2CuAl (FCA) is an inverse-Heusler alloy for which the SP rule predicts a magnetic moment of 2.00 μB. However, experimental results give a magnetic moment of 3.30 μB. Motivated by this discrepancy, we study this material theoretically to gain a microscopic understanding of how the magnetic moment forms. For this purpose, we construct a first-principles-based tight-binding model incorporating an on-site Hubbard repulsion U between each d orbital and a Hund coupling J between different d orbitals of a given atom in the system. We use the Green’s function technique and apply the mean-field approximation to solve the model. The results show the magnetic moment of FCA depends on U and J. We find that the magnetic moment given by the SP rule (2.00 μB) corresponds to a plateau in our magnetic moment vs J curves for various values of U, and that the experimental magnetic moment (3.30 μB) corresponds to a point on the curves rising above the plateau.
The role of pH in the biosynthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared from Fe(III) nitrate and matoa leaf extract
Authors: Sholawati D , Syarifah S , Djuhana D , Handayani W , Imawan C
Published: January 2020

Research on nanoparticles is becoming a matter of great interest with constant developments. In particular, biosynthesis is attracting a great deal of attention as an eco-friendly and economical method to obtain nanoparticles. In this report, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are biologically synthesized using matoa leaf extract (Pometia pinnata) as reducing agent and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as precursor. The biosynthesis was performed under different pH conditions, that is, 7, 9, and 11, and the as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized using UV–vis, TEM & Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), particle size analyzer (PSA), and XRD analyses. The results obtained from the TEM analysis indicate that the smallest nanoparticles, with sizes ranging from 5 to 10 nm, were obtained at pH 11, which was supported by the PSA result. The TEM result also shows that the nanoparticles became agglomerated, and their sizes were rather diverse. The XRD result showed that the crystallinity of the nanoparticles improved with the basicity of the solutions. From the characterization of the biosynthesized nanoparticles, it was concluded that the smallest nanoparticles exhibiting the best crystallinity were found under pH 11 conditions.
Room-temperature electrical properties of the double perovskite material Sr2FeTiO6 synthesized by the solid-state method
Authors: Dona D , Laysandra H , Triyono D
Published: January 2020

The electrical properties of Sr2FeTiO6 have been studied at room temperature. Structural analysis via X-ray diffraction patterns reveals that Sr2FeTiO6 has a cubic perovskite structure with the pm3m space group. The electrical properties were presented as Nyquist and Bode plots. From impedance spectroscopy analysis, the Nyquist plot showed the presence of a bulk (grain) contribution. This was modeled by an equivalent circuit of the parallel combination of bulk resistance and capacitance. The Bode plot showed the presence of relaxation at room temperature.
Point dose measurements for brachytherapy with a cylinder applicator
Authors: Rahmawati R , Wibowo W E , Pawiro S A
Published: January 2020

Point dose measurements were conducted in High dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy with a cylinder applicator using an EBT3 gafchromic film. The main objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of an EBT3 film and evaluate the treatment dose of brachytherapy between manual and normalized measurements. Evaluation of the dose treatment was performed by comparing the dose values at four measurements (namely A1, A2, A3, and A4) points with the dose values after being normalized. The first two points A1 and A2 are the prescription points to the right and left of the cylinder applicator. The dose measurements at these two points were measured for three variations of distance (13, 14, and 15 mm) to the source of brachytherapy. The other two points, A3 and A4, are located at a distance of 1.5 cm above the two points, A2 and A1. The most suitable calibration for point dose measurements is the 13-mm distance, which results in the discrepancy values for points A1, A2, A3, and A4 are –0.37 %, –3.40 %, –1.39 %, and –1.54 %, respectively.
The effects of adding Ag and graphene to Fe3O4/TiO2 nanocomposites on adsorptive and sonophotocatalytic capabilities
Authors: Fauzian M , Taufik A , Saleh R
Published: January 2020

Fe3O4/TiO2 was synthesized using the sol-gel method both with and without the addition of Ag. Fe3O4/TiO2 and Fe3O4/TiO2/Ag were also synthesized with added graphene by using the co-precipitation method. All the prepared samples were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis Absorbance, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Furthermore, adsorptive and sonophotocatalytic capabilities were tested using a degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) as an organic dye. Sonophotocatalytic activity was measured using UV or visible light and ultrasound. It was found that Ag/Fe3O4/TiO2/NGP composites have better adsorption and sonophotocatalytic capabilities than other samples. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with the maximum adsorption capacity being 76 mg/g. The catalyst can go through the sonophotocatalytic process for four cycles. In addition, the hole is the main active species in sonophotocatalytic activity.
Synthesized vanadium doped ZnO through the co-precipitation method
Authors: Djaja N F , Taufik A , Saleh R
Published: January 2020

In this study, vanadium modified ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The amount of vanadium content was varied from 5, 8, and 16 atomic percentages (at.%). The structural properties of the prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that all the prepared samples had a hexagonal wurtzite structure from ZnO nanoparticles. The grain size and lattice strain were calculated using Williamson-Hall plots with a uniform deformation model approach. The elemental analysis characterized using energy dispersive X-ray measurement indicated that the total vanadium concentrations of the samples were about 5, 8, and 16 at.%. In addition, the UV-Vis reflectance analyses show that the reflectance spectra of vanadium doped ZnO decreased in visible light region with increased vanadium content.
Modeling total crime and the affecting factors in Central Java using geographically weighted regression
Authors: Runadi T , Widyaningsih Y , Lestari D
Published: January 2020

Analysing the relationship between number of crime cases and affecting factors became an interesting research topic over the last ten years. The total number of crime in Indonesia did not show a consistent decrease. In order to upgrade people safeness quality, the government need to know the factors influence people committing crime acts. Rather than using classical regression analysis, geographically weighted regression (GWR) was preferable since it gave a better representative model by effectively resolve spatial non-stationary problem which is generally exist in spatial data of social phenomenon. Spatial non-stationary is a situation when the relationship between variables are significantly different in each location of observation point, so that classic regression analysis will result a misleading interpretation in some location. GWR handled the spatial non-stationary problem by generating a single model in each observation point which allow different relationship to exist at different point in space. This study used number of crime cases (y) as the dependent variable and the factors which affect the number of crime cases as independent variables that consist of the number of illiterates (X1), the number of unemployed (X2), the number of poor population (X3), population density (X4), the number of victims of drug (X5). This study used secondary data collected by POLRI, BPS and Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs in Central Java during 2015. GWR generated model for 35 city/regency in Central Java.
Comparison of Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination and Kernel Function as feature selection using Support Vector Machine for lung cancer classification
Authors: Rustam Z , Kharis S A A
Published: January 2020

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cell that need a proper treatment. Cancer is second leading cause of death according to the World Health Organization in 2018. There are more than 120 types of cancer, one of them is lung cancer. Cancer classification has been able to maximize diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer. Many studies have examined the classification of cancer using microarrays data. Microarray data consists of thousands of features (genes) but only has dozens or hundreds of samples. This can reduce the accuracy of classification so that the selection of features is needed before the classification process. In this research, the feature selection methods are Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) and Kernel Function and the classification method is Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results showed SVM using SVM-RFE as feature selection is better than SVM method without using feature selection and Gaussian Kernel Function.
Comparing Poisson-Inverse Gaussian Model and Negative Binomial Model on case study: horseshoe crabs data
Authors: Putri G N , Nurrohmah S , Fithriani I
Published: January 2020

Poisson Regression analysis is commonly used for dependent variable that has non-negative value, called count data. Poisson Regression has an assumption that mean of dependent variable equal to its variance. On over dispersion case where the variance is greater than mean, poisson regression is inconvenient to used because it may underestimate the standard error of regression parameters and consequently giving misleading inference. Poisson-Inverse Gaussian and Negative Binomial regression model can be used on over dispersion data. This paper will discuss about Poisson-Inverse Gaussian regression model, Negative Binomial regression model and comparing them in terms of Goodness-of-fit (GOF) statistics on case study of horseshoe crabs data. According to the result, pseudo R-squared value of P-IG regression model is greater than the Negative Binomial regression model. It shows that P-IG regression model is better than Negative Binomial regression model.
Robust Ridge regression to solve a multicollinearity and outlier
Authors: Jeremia N E , Nurrohmah S , Fithriani I
Published: January 2020

Regression analysis is one of many methods used for analysing data. Method that used for estimating parameter in linear regression model is ordinary least square (OLS). OLS will give best estimator when all the assumptions are met. But in reality, sometimes not all the assumptions are met. Assumptions that usually violated are multicollinearity and outlier. Ridge regression is a regression method that give constrain on the parameters that used to deal with multicollinearity, meanwhile Robust regression is used to overcome the presence of outlier. Robust regression is a regression method that has robust property that achieved by using S-estimation is used. Ridge regression and Robust regression combined into Robust Ridge regression to overcome multicollinearity and outlier simultaneously.
Determination of net premium rates on Bonus-Malus system based on frequency and severity distribution
Authors: Pratama A S , Nurrohmah S , Novita M
Published: January 2020

Vehicle insurance companies in many countries use the Bonus-Malus System to determine the policyholder’s net premium. The determination of net premiums on the Bonus-Malus System is based solely on the frequency of claims and ignores the severity of claims. This is unfair to policyholders who have small claims. To overcome this problem, the net premium determination method in Bonus-Malus System was developed taking into account both the frequency and severity of claims. Frequency and severity be assumed to be independent. In determining the net premium, a posterior distribution of parameters of the frequency and severity distribution is required. In the case of frequency and severity independent, the determination of the posterior distribution for frequency and severity is performed separately. This thesis discusses the determination of net premium based on frequency distribution and severity distribution for frequency and severity independent.
Implementation of K-Means and crossover ant colony optimization algorithm on multiple traveling salesman problem
Authors: Kusumahardhini N , Hertono G F , Handari B D
Published: January 2020

Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP) is a generalization of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). MTSP is an optimization problem to find the minimum total distance of m salesmen tours to visit several cities in which each city is only visited exactly by one salesman, starting from origin city called depot and return to depot after the tour is completed. In this paper, K-Means and Crossover Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) are used to solve MTSP. The implementation is observed on three datasets from TSPLIB with 2, 3, 4, and 8 salesmen. Analysis of results using K-Means and Crossover ACO will be compared. The effect of selecting a city as depot on the total travel distance of tour will also be analyzed.
Hermite-Hadamard-Fejèr type inequalities for s-convex functions in the second sense via Riemann-Liouville fractional integral
Authors: Hakiki M T , Wibowo A
Published: January 2020

The convex function is one of the topics in mathematics that is closely related to the theory of inequality. Furthermore, the definition of convex function has an extension, which is the first and second kind of s-convex function, for fixed s ∈ (0,1. Convex function has a relation to the Hermite-Hadamard-Fejèr inequality, which is an integral inequality involving a convex function. Further development of these inequalities involves the s-convex function and through the concept of fractional integral. In this study, we discuss the Hermite-Hadamard-Fejèr type inequality that applies to the second kind of s-convex function via the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral. From these results, the relationship between these inequalities with the same type of inequality for convex function, are obtained.
Preference analysis of determining jobs using conjoint analysis
Authors: Karima R D , Setiadi R , Siswantining T
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, there are many graduates who are not directly employed after receiving bachelor’s degree. The graduates who are not employed seem largely unaware of career opportunities and unsure of how to apply their skills in the workforce. This indicates a lack of career guidance, coaching and counselling. This research aims to study people’s preferences on determining their jobs by using conjoint analysis. Four factors are evaluated: (1) income, (2) suitability of the workplace with educational background, (3) field of works, and (4) working hours, which has different level category values. Monotonic analysis of variance is used to analyze the data and the results are (1) utility value which is useful to know the most desirable level of each attribute and (2) its relative importance value to know the most considered attribute on determining their jobs. The full profile method of conjoint analysis shows that income is the most considered attribute value.
Estimating parameter in two-way analysis of variance when variance between cells is heterogeneous
Authors: Marantika A , Fithriani I , Nurrohmah S
Published: January 2020

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a technique in statistics to test the mean differences of more than two groups in the presence of factors that may affect the mean difference. There are three types of analysis of variance, namely one-way analysis of variance, two-way analysis of variance, and multi-way analysis of variance. In this paper, we will discuss two-way analysis of variance which can be seen also the interaction of two factors. In the two-way analysis of variance, there are assumption that must be met, is observed in the cell or group must be normally distributed, the observations between cells or groups are mutually independent, and the variance between cells or groups is homogeneous. A common problem with two-way analysis of variance is unfulfilled assumptions, one of which variance between cells or groups is heterogeneous. Before determining test statistics for two-way analysis of variance, there are parameters to be estimated. This paper discusses the estimation of parameters for testing the effects of main factors and interaction factors on a two-way analysis of variance when the variance between cells or groups is heterogeneous.
Influence of inducers, Tween 80, and agitation on the enhancing decolorization of black liquor by Trametes versicolor F200
Authors: Zahra Z , Hanifah U , Anggraini R I F , Sari A A , Saefumillah A
Published: January 2020

Black liquor wastewater was generated from bioethanol pre-treatment process. The combination of coagulant-flocculants, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and Anionic Polyacrylamides 3 % has able to reduce COD concentration 99.8 %. After coagulation-flocculation process, this wastewater was treated by Trametes versicolor F200. The aim of this study was to determine the decolourisation of coagulated black liquor by T. versicolor F200 and the effects of inducers, Tween 80, and agitation to enhance the decolourisation of coagulated black liquor. In addition to the decolourisation rate, COD concentration and enzyme activity were also measured in this study. Further, the characterization of lignin from black liquor was measured by LC-MS to determine the molecular weight of lignin before and after treatment by T. versicolor F200. The result showed that the optimum condition for obtaining the highest decolorization of coagulated black liquor were 97.56 % with addition of 2mM CuSO4, 2mM MnSO4, 2 % Tween 80 and agitation 150 rpm. The ranges of decolourisation during that condition were (97.56 – 97.89) %. Further, the decreasing molecular weight (m/z) of lignin during degradation process (539 to 325) showed that lignin compound can be degraded into smaller compound by using T. versicolor F200.
Characterization of nanoemulsion gotukola, mangosteen rind, cucumber and tomato extract for cosmetic raw material
Authors: Septiyanti M , Meliana Y
Published: January 2020

Agingis related to defacement caused by free radical and the most common signs are fine lines and wrinkles. Wrinkles occur in skin layer called dermis-contained collagen that is responsible in preventing wrinkles. This physiological change on skin made an individual look old, and this is a troubling issue especially for women. Natural substances have an excellent anti-aging remedy to improve skin defection caused by free radical and maintain skin rejuvenation. Itis already proved that gotukola, mangosteen rind, cucumber and tomato extract has antioxidant activity. In this study, these extracts were formulated in nanoemulsion which was prepared in anti-aging topical preparation. This nanoemulsion system was expected to accelerate active agent absorption into skin tissue. It was also investigated the the emulsion stability system by pH, refractive index, viscosity and particle size parameter. It was shown that the anti-aging topical preparation with a composition of 2% Gotukola extract, 2% mangosteen rind extract, 2 % tomato extract and 4% cucumber extract was stable for 2 months of observation with average pH 6.16 ± 0.33; 6.11 ± 0.351, refractive index 1.38817 ± 0.00863; 1.37 ± 0.00453, viscosity 3148 cP ± 1068; 1638 cP ± 1294 and particle size 1.14 μm ± 0.84; 1.64 μm ± 0.99 in 5 °C and ambient temperature respectively. Overall, the emulsion system was relatively stable in both storage temperature 5 °C and ambient temperature. It was also proven to be safe for human application.
The efficiency of hydrogen production by water electrolysis with bitter melon as a media using stainless steel/Fe-Co-Ni electrodes
Authors: Louise I S Y , Aloysius H P , Sulistyani S
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine the production efficiency of hydrogen gas with the addition of bitter melon using stainless steel/Fe-Co-Ni electrodes on water electrolysis process and also to obtain the smallest required energy of hydrogen gas production. Stainless steel/Fe-Co-Ni was made from electrodeposition stainless steel by using e-DAQ E-Chem instrument at a rate of 50 mV/s for 10 minutes. Electrodeposition result was characterized using linear voltammetry, SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Stainless steel/Fe-Co-Ni electrodes was used as working electrodes on water electrolysis. The process of water electrolysis used 0.5 % NaHCO3 solution and an additional amount of bitter melon (0.1-1 %w/v). Each of the samples was electrolyzed in a cyclic voltammetry by using e-DAQ E-Chem instrument at a rate of 50 mV/s. The study results showed that the addition of bitter melon in electrolyte solution is less efficient to produce the hydrogen gas. But, related to the energy, the smallest required energy of hydrogen gas production by water electrolysis with bitter melon as a media using stainless steel/Fe-Co-Ni electrodes occurs at the addition of 0.6 % (w/v) bitter melon flour, which is 0.001 Volt with the efficiency of hydrogen gas generation was 51.06 %. Thus, we can state that the optimum efficiency of hydrogen gas production occurs at the addition of 0.6 % bitter melon flour in 0.5 % NaHCO3 solution.
Development of a non-enzymatic urea sensor based on a Ni/Au electrode
Authors: Irzalinda A D , Gunlazuardi J , Wibowo R
Published: January 2020

Measurement of urea concentration in urine is a very important parameter for determining the state of kidney health. With this aim, a non-enzymatic urea sensor comprising Ni metal deposited on an Au electrode has been developed. Ni was first deposited on an Au electrode by varying the potential and time, and then the deposited Ni was activated in KOH to generate NiOOH, which can oxidize urea to CO2, N2 and H2 to allow it to be detected electrochemically. The results show that the Ni/Au electrode can be used to detect urea with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 3.35 × 10−2 mM, a sensitivity of 52.20 mMμA−1cm−2 and a linearity of r2 = 0.997 at a deposition potential of −0.45 V vs. Ag/AgCl after a deposition time of 180 seconds. The Ni/Au electrode has good repeatability and reproducibility (%RSD value) of 0.12% (n = 12) and shows good stability with a %RSD value of 1.60% after 9 days. The Ni/Au electrode performance is not disturbed by the presence of any interfering compounds, such as ascorbic acid, glucose, NaCl, and KCl. The Ni/Au electrode can be used to measure urea levels in urine samples, detecting concentrations of as high as 9.615 mM.
Encapsulation of cinnamic acid and galangal extracts in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) liposomes
Authors: Hudiyanti D , Al-Khafiz M F , Anam K
Published: January 2020

Coconut liposomes are used to encapsulate cinnamic acid, red and white galangal extracts. Their encapsulation efficiencies and leakage rates are explored. The encapsulation efficiencies of cinnamic acid, red galangal and white galangal are 62 %, 42 % and 52 % respectively. Addition of 7 % cholesterol increases the encapsulation efficiency of cinnamic acid red galangal and white galangal to 70 %, 50 % and 68 % correspondingly. The red galangal extract has as much leakage rate as the cinnamic acid compare to white galangal extract at all liposomal systems.
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles supported in Al-pillared bentonite using aqueous leaf extracts of Dracaena angustifolia and their use for reductive degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Melvin M , Bakri R , Yulizar Y
Published: January 2020

We obtained the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using suji leaf extract (Dracaena angustifolia) and used the AuNPs to reduce methyl orange. The active substance in suji leaf extract was determined using phytochemical tests to identify components such as terpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, polyphenol, flavonoid, and saponin. The catalyst Al–bentonite@AuNP was prepared by immobilizing HAuCl4 in Al–pillared bentonite, which was then reduced using various concentrations of suji leaf extract [0.1 %–1 % (w/v)]. The AuNPs were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the Al–bentonite@AuNP catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The application of Al–bentonite@AuNP as catalyst in the reductive degradation of methyl orange yields a degradation percent of up to 34.5 %.
Adsorption of mesoporous carbon modified with triethylenetetramine as a function of carbon dioxide flow time
Authors: Chrisnardy F , Krisnandi Y K
Published: January 2020

We synthesize mesoporous carbon by using the soft-templated method with pluronic F-127 as a structure-directing agent, and phloroglucinol and formaldehyde as carbon precursors. The as-synthesized mesoporous carbon was characterized by using x-ray diffraction, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The as-synthesized mesoporous carbon was activated by using 1M HCl to increase the triethylenetetramine (TETA) as amine group compound loading within mesoporous carbon. Mesoporous carbon and activated mesoporous carbon was modified by using TETA with concentration variations less than 50 wt%. The modified mesoporous carbon was also characterized by using SEM-EDX and FTIR. Adsorption tests were done by using adsorbent mesoporous carbon, activated mesoporous carbon, mesoporous carbon modified by TETA, and activated mesoporous carbon modified by TETA with CO2 gas flow times of 5, l0, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min, a contact time of 15 min, and a flow rate of 20 mL/min. The adsorbed CO2 gas was quantified by using the acid-base titration method. On the basis of the CO2, adsorption test, the acid activation was successfully increased by TETA loading within mesoporous carbon, which increases the ability of the material to adsorb CO2.
Preparation of a TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cell comprising anthocyanin from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana, L.) as the sensitizer: co-pigmentation effect on sensitizer and solar cell efficiency
Authors: Zikri A D , Gunlazuardi J
Published: January 2020

A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a device that converts solar energy into electric energy. In this study, TiO2, nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) sensitized with anthocyanin extracted from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) were used as part of a working electrode, whereas fluoride-doped tin oxide-platinum (FTO-Pt) was used as counter electrode. TiO2-NTs were grown on a titanium plate via a two-step anodization method. Pt from an H2PtCl6 solution was deposited on an FTO surface prepared by spray pyrolysis. The anthocyanin extract was co-pigmented with benzoic acid to increase the stability of the DSSC and its visible light absorbance. The TiO2 prepared by anodization was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy. Photocurrent evaluation using linear sweep voltammetry and multi pulse amperometry indicated that TiO2-NTs were activated by UV light. Sensitization with anthocyanin–benzoic acid increased TiO2-NT’s response to visible light. The anthocyanin extract absorbed light in the visible region (400–600 nm), and as a result of its co-pigmentation with benzoic acid, absorbance increased. The efficiency of various DSSCs was evaluated, and data indicated that with sensitizers like anthocyanin alone or anthocyanin co-pigmented with benzoic acid at different ratios (1:0.5; 1:0.8; and 1:1 (v/w)) efficiency values were 0.2273 %, 0.2297 %, 0.2884 %, and 0.3709 %, respectively. The results indicate that the addition of benzoic acid to anthocyanin can improve DSSC performance.
The effect of siam orange (Citrus nobilis Lour.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) juices combination in extender on Garut Ram (Ovis aries L.) spermatozoa quality post-cryopreservation
Authors: Saoemi H A , Kaiin E M , Setiorini S , Gunawan M
Published: January 2020

The research aimed to find out the effect of various concentrations of siam orange (Citrus nobilis Lour.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) juices combination (1:1) in extender on garut ram (Ovis aries L.) spermatozoa quality 24 hours post-cryopreservation. Semen samples were collected from five Garut Rams once a week using an artificial vagina. The samples were diluted in Tris-egg yolk extender with siam orange and pineapple juices combination 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %. Diluted semen samples were loaded into mini straws (0.25 mL) with 50 million cells/ml dosage. Samples were equilibrated at 5°C for two hours, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. The one factor ANOVA and continued with Duncan test showed a significant differences (P<0.05) between control and sample with 10 % juices combination in the percentage of spermatozoa motility and membrane integrity, a significant difference (P<0.05) between control and sample with 5 % along with 10 % juices combination in the percentage of spermatozoa viability. Siam orange and pineapple juices combination 10% in extender was able to minimize the reduction of spermatozoa quality post-cryopreservation based on the percentage of spermatozoa motility (68.06 ± 2.34 %), viability (41.47 ± 6.64 %) and membrane integrity (46.00 ± 5.65 %).
The effect of siam orange juice (Citrus nobilis Lour.) in extender on Garut Ram (Ovis aries L.) spermatozoa quality post-cryopreservation
Authors: Gunawan M , Setiorini S , Fitri H N , Kaiin E M
Published: January 2020

The research aimed to find out the effect of Siam Orange juice in extender on Garut Ram spermatozoa quality 24 hours post-cryopreservation. Semen was collected from five rams once a week using an artificial vagina. Semen sample was diluted in Tris-egg yolk-based extender containing 0 % (KK), 5 % (KP 1), 10 % (KP 2), 15 % (KP 3) and 20 % (KP 4) Siam orange juice. Semen was packed in 0.25 ml straw with a final concentration of 50x106 spermatozoa/mL. Sperm was equilibrated at 5° C for two hours then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen (LN2) tube. Sperm parameters, including motility, viability, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and abnormality, were assessed. One-way ANOVA test results showed significant differences between treatment groups on the percentage of motility, viability, and membrane integrity (p <0.05). Duncan test results indicated that KP 2 had significant differences in all treatment groups. Therefore, orange juice at 10 % concentration (KP 2) was the best concentration that was able to minimize the reduction of ram spermatozoa quality post-cryopreservation based on motility [(58.68 ± 0.68) %], viability [(59.73 ± 6.47) %], and membrane integrity [(54.87 ± 5.58) %].
Purification of NS2B-NS3 dengue virus serotype 3 protein as raw material for dengue virus vaccine
Authors: Arisanti M , Faizal I , Abinawanto A , Bowolaksono A
Published: January 2020

Dengue virus serotype 3 has been recognized as the predominant serotype in many occurrences of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia. Performing DHF prevention could be done with vaccination. BPPT institution was developing a vaccine, which is made from NS2B-NS3 recombinant protein. This protein is one of the non-structural proteins that arrange the genome of DENV and it has a molecular weight of 83 kDa. This research aims to isolate and purify NS2B-NS3 protein DENV-3 from transformant cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification of NS2B-NS3 protein is done with HisPur Ni-NTA Magnetic Beads method. Optimization of purification is done by increasing the concentration of imidazole as protein binder in the elution buffer starting from 250 mM until 500 mM. The validity of purified protein was tested qualitatively with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method and quantified by Bichinconinic Acid (BCA) method. The results revealed us that NS2B-NS3 protein was purified optimally at 300 mM imidazole by HisPur Ni-NTA Magnetic Beads method. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that there was a specific band with size 83 kDa in lane result of elution with 300 mM imidazole and based on the result of protein quantification obtained that it has the highest percentage of purification effectiveness is 16.38 %.
Water mass along eastern pathway of Indonesia Throughflow from a CTD Argo Float
Authors: Rahma A , Atmadipoera A S , Naulita Y
Published: January 2020

Eastern pathway of the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) conveys a secondary ITF inflow that brings North/South Pacific water entering interior Indonesian Seas. The transformation occurred along the Pacific water mass journey towards the Indonesian sea. For the first time since 2016, CTD Argo float measurement is available following the ITF path – along Maluku-Seram- Banda Seas, providing prime datasets to be able seen change of ITF water. This paper aims to investigate transformation of ITF water masses and the percentage of water mass contribution (with Optimum MultiParameter method) along its eastern path of ITF between Maluku – Seram and Banda Seas. The result shows that along the path, North Pacific water origin is predominant in Southern Banda Sea, but lower thermocline water of South Pacific water origin in South Maluku and Seram Sea. Large transformation of ITF water is indicated with salty upper-thermocline water in Maluku-Seram Seas, but fresh thermocline water in Banda Sea. Spatial variation of mixing layer depth and thermocline depth is also found. The percentage of the water mass contribution of the North Pacific water NPSW and NPIW gets bigger along the journey to the Banda Sea, while the dominant of SPSLTW was found in Maluku Sea and Seram Sea.
Anti-mycobacterium compound derived from Erythrobacter sp. isolated from Callyspongia aurizusa
Authors: Murniasih T , Cindhy C I , Yunovilsa P M , Sukara E
Published: January 2020

Pathogenic bacteria, especially Mycobacterium, to be one of the causes of disease in society. Sponge bacterial symbionts are one of the potential sources for producing new antibacterial compounds. This study was carried out for investigating the antimycobacterial compounds derived from the Callyspongia aerizusa’s bacterial symbiont. Antimycobacterial compound isolation was done by growing selected bacteria SP.PP.3 in marine broth then continued for active compound separation. The separation of an active compound was carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), whereas the antibacterial activity was tested using agar diffusion method against Mycobacterium smegmatis. The compounds were identified by spectroscopy method (LC-MS). An antimycobacterial compound was detected in the HPLC fraction with code FH8. LC-MS and 1HNMR analysis predicted that there was a bromophycolide compound that contained active fractions. 16S rRNA molecular identification indicated that the strain SP.PP.3 was closely related to Erythrobacter sp. with 99% homology similarity.
Assessing coral reefs condition for rehabilitation site selection using diver-towed survey in an island of Anambas Islands
Authors: Arafat D , Affandy A , Subhan B , Rikardi N , Madduppa H , Putra E R , Santoso P , Setiawan A , Aprizan M , Zulfikar R , Prabowo B , Muhammad F , Hashri M S
Published: January 2020

To select a rehabilitation area of coral reefs in Pahat Island within Anambas Islands, this study was conducted to asses coral reefs condition using diver-towed or manta tow surveys and underwater photo transects (UPT). The results of the manta tow surveys showed coral cover dominated by hard corals percentage ranged between 11% and 50% (categories 2 and 3) in the western, northern and southern parts of Pahat Island. Distribution of hard coral percentage with more than 50% (Category 4: 51% - 75% and 5: 76% -100%) was observed in the eastern part of Pahat Island. While results from UPT showed the hard coral percentage of 62.5%, 33.67% and 17% in the eastern, western and northern of Pahat Island, respectively. There are similarities in the results of coral reef cover Obtained by the manta tow and UPT methods. Conclusions, this study recommends western Pahat Island as a good alternative for a rehabilitation site as the coral coverage was in poor condition.