bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National drought management framework for drought preparedness in Korea (lessons from the 2014–2015 drought)
Authors: Hong Ilpyo , Lee Joo-Heon , Cho Hyo-Seob
Published: October 2016

The scale of damage caused by drought is on the rise in South Korea. The country has been experiencing a 4–6-year cycle of extreme droughts at a nationwide scale. From 2014–2015, South Korea suffered from its worst drought in the past 50 years. This study aims to provide an effective drought management policy by analyzing the Korean government's response to the 2014–2015 drought under the National Drought Management Framework, which is composed of four stages: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The findings indicate that the Korean government effectively addressed the drought, yet there are no measures currently in place to cope with megadroughts that last for more than 5 consecutive years. Immediate attention is required to conduct research and introduce policies that will help in managing megadroughts. This paper takes an interdisciplinary approach to drought preparedness research in the context of megadroughts and proposes an efficient national drought management framework that involves engagement of relevant line ministries.
Water distribution network quality model calibration: a case study – Ahar
Authors: Dini M. , Tabesh M.
Published: October 2016

In water distribution network calibration of quality models, bulk and wall decay coefficients are considered to be the adjustable parameters. The bulk decay coefficient is usually gained by using a laboratory bottle test method, but the wall decay coefficient is calibrated with field data of residual chlorine at nodes. This paper aims to present a method to adjust the wall decay coefficients of pipes. A metamodelling approach is developed by the combination of an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm and an artificial neural network (ANN) with the EPANET simulator. The proposed method is applied on a two-loop test example and real water distribution network. Results showed that the proposed method can increase the speed of solution 58 times more rapidly than the simple method in the two-loop network. In the real network, the classification based on the average flow velocity produced the best results among all categories, and the classification based on material, diameter, and age of pipes produced the best results among the physical criteria. Also, comparison of results between the measured and calculated data for testing data showed an average error of 3.85% and the calibration model gave good performance.
Optimization of atmospheric air plasma for degradation of organic dyes in wastewater
Authors: Sarangapani Chaitanya , Dixit Y. , Milosavljevic Vladimir , Bourke Paula , Sullivan Carl , Cullen P. J.
Published: October 2016

This study optimises the degradation of a cocktail of the dyes methyl orange and bromothymol blue by atmospheric air plasma. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the efficacy of the plasma process parameters on degradation efficiency. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimise the degradation of dyes by air plasma discharge. A second order polynomial equation was proposed to predict process efficiency. It was observed that the predicted values are significant (p<0.001) with coefficients of determination 0.98, 0.96, 0.98 for dye degradation, pH value and ozone concentration, respectively. The analysis of variance results showed that the coefficients of the polynomials for the percentage degradation and ozone concentration responses indicated positive linear effects (p<0.001), whereas a negative linear effect was found for pH. The positive linear effect of variable emphasises that voltage and treatment time were the most dominant factors (p<0.001), meaning that higher degradation efficiencies are achieved with an increase in treatment duration. This study showed that a BBD model and RSM could be employed to optimize the colour degradation parameters of non-thermal plasma treated model dyes while minimising the number of experiments required.
Intensifying the Fermentation of Aspergillus oryzae in a Stirred Bioreactor Using Maxblend Impeller
Authors: Ghobadi Narges , Ogino Chiaki , Ohmura Naoto
Published: October 2016

Background:

The intensification of fermentation in stirred bioreactors is an attractive approach for commercial interests and industries that work with biochemical products. Alpha amylase is an enzymatic bio-products that is produced largely from Aspergillus oryzae. Using adaptable agitator can be an efficient way for stirred fermentation.

Objective:

This study, concentrated on enhancing the mixing process in order to intensify Aspergillus oryzae fermentation. A straight type of Maxblend® impeller was used as an agitator to investigate the incubation parameters compared with the use of a 6-blade double Rushton turbine.

Method:

Stirred fermentation was done in batch condition. Effect of flow pattern of mixing on fermentation parameters was investigated after each sampling.

Results:

The results showed that the Maxblend® significantly intensified both enzyme activity and growth rate at low and moderate rates of power consumption (P). The main reason for the decreases in the growth rate and the enzyme activity during agitation by the Rushton turbine at low and high Pv was the lack of oxygen and mycelial damage, respectively. Additionally, use of the Maxblend® significantly intensified the KLa at low and moderate rates of power consumption.

Conclusion:

Axial and uniform mixing by Maxblend® impeller was resulted in improving the fermentation characteristics and enzyme activity.
Reasons in Support of Data Security and Data Security Management as Two Independent Concepts: A New Model
Authors: Moghaddasi Hamid , Sajjadi Samad , Kamkarhaghighi Mehran
Published: October 2016

Introduction:

Any information which is generated and saved needs to be protected against accidental or intentional losses and manipulations if it is to be used by the intended users in due time. As such, information managers have adopted numerous measures to achieve data security within data storage systems, along with the spread of information technology.

Background:

The “data security models” presented thus far have unanimously highlighted the significance of data security management. For further clarification, the current study first introduces the “needs and improvement” cycle; the study will then present some independent definitions, together with a support umbrella, in an attempt to shed light on the data security management.

Findings:

Data security focuses on three features or attributes known as integrity, identity of sender(s) and identity of receiver(s). Management in data security follows an endless evolutionary process, to keep up with new developments in information technology and communication. In this process management develops new characteristics with greater capabilities to achieve better data security. The characteristics, continuously increasing in number, with a special focus on control, are as follows: private zone, confidentiality, availability, non-repudiation, possession, accountability, authenticity, authentication and auditability.

Conclusion:

Data security management steadily progresses, resulting in more sophisticated features. The developments are in line with new developments in information and communication technology and novel advances in intrusion detection systems (IDS). Attention to differences between data security and data security management by international organizations such as the International Standard Organization (ISO), and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is necessary if information quality is to be enhanced.
O falar da alma nas disfunções sexuais
Authors: Imperatrice Marisa Horta
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho representa uma proposta na busca por uma interação entre sintoma e psique, uma tentativa de ir para além do corpo – sede da dificuldade física – na direção do encontro com a alma. O que a alma quer de mim? O que aquilo que é mais profundo em mim deseja com esse sintoma? Se negligenciada, a alma não apenas vai embora: os sintomas surgem, a neurose é a sua fala. Querer afastar os conflitos só faz com que eles se aproximem mais, pois é de sua natureza se expressarem em nós e em nossos sintomas. Buscar o significado de grandezas como a psique e o sexo ocupa o mesmo lugar de querer explicar o amor, a beleza, a vida, a morte ou Deus. Para nos aproximarmos disso, recorremos a padrões míticos que ampliem o olhar sobre uma sexualidade que se encontra bloqueada e necessitada de integração, entrelaçando conceitos da psicologia analítica sob uma vertente arquetípica. O objetivo é restabelecer um sentido de alma por meio do encontro sexual.
Un decreto de 1548 para la protección de monumentos
Authors: Sescosse Federico
Published: October 2016

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Los órganos de la Catedral Metropolitana de México, su historia y restauración
Authors: Drewes Michael
Published: October 2016

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Tres esculturas olmecas de la colección Sáenz
Authors: De la Fuente Beatriz
Published: October 2016

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Un cuadro de Luis Juárez en la catedral de Québec
Authors: De Moura Sobral Luis
Published: October 2016

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Órganos Tubulares históricos en el área Puebla-Tlaxcala
Authors: Drewes Michael
Published: October 2016

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La música en el cine mudo
Authors: De los Reyes Aurelio
Published: October 2016

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Lo nacional como proyecto y realización en la danza mexicana de hoy
Authors: Dallal Alberto
Published: October 2016

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Los Contemporáneos y el cine
Authors: De los Reyes Aurelio
Published: October 2016

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La capilla del Señor de Contreras en El Carmen de San Ángel y las pinturas de Luis Juárez
Authors: Ruiz Gomar Rogelio
Published: October 2016

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La Inmaculada y Miguel Cid, de Pacheco
Authors: Gómez Rafael
Published: October 2016

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Problemas de lo non finito en el arte mexicano. Sobre una cabeza totonaca del Museo Antropológico de Jalapa, México
Authors: Gandelman Claude
Published: October 2016

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Los autorretratos de Baltasar de Echave Orio
Authors: Victoria José Guadalupe
Published: October 2016

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Algunas reflexiones en torno a las portadas de la Catedral de México
Authors: Fernández Martha
Published: October 2016

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Noticias referentes al paso de algunos pintores a la Nueva España
Authors: Ruiz Gomar Rogelio
Published: October 2016

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Una aproximación al arte mudéjar
Authors: Cómez Rafael
Published: October 2016

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Una lectura de diez obras de género chico mexicano del porfirismo
Authors: De los Reyes Aurelio
Published: October 2016

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Arte mexica
Authors: Ségota Tomac Dúrdica
Published: October 2016

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Carlos Mérida, Sabartés y Carlos Valenti
Authors: Luján Muñoz Luis
Published: October 2016

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El inventario de bienes de un artista novohispano: el arquitecto Juan Montero
Authors: Fernández Martha
Published: October 2016

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Popularización de la doctrina contrarreformista: retablo de Santa Cruz de Tlaxcala
Authors: Sebastián Santiago
Published: October 2016

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La pintura teotihuacana: lenguaje unívoco o polivalencia significativa
Authors: Díaz Balerdi Iñaki
Published: October 2016

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Los antihéroes de Kazan y el cine mexicano de los años cincuenta
Authors: Ortiz Gaitán Julieta
Published: October 2016

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Tipología de la escultura tumbal en México, ca. 1850-1930
Authors: Ramírez Fausto
Published: October 2016

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La parroquia de San Miguel de Allende
Authors: Ramírez Montes Mina
Published: October 2016

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El nacionalismo y la arquitectura
Authors: Moyssén Xavier
Published: October 2016

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Noticias sobre la construcción de la "Casa Borda" de Taxco
Authors: Vargaslugo Elisa
Published: October 2016

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Sobre el significado de los bultos sagrados y de las figuras incompletas en los códices
Authors: Gutiérrez Solana Nelly
Published: October 2016

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Un relieve apócrifo
Authors: González Galván Manuel
Published: October 2016

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Reflexiones sobre la experiencia estética
Authors: Tomasini Bassols Alejandro
Published: October 2016

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Un fragmento de pintura mural en Cacaxtla, Palenque y El Popol Vuh
Authors: Foncerrada de Molina Marta
Published: October 2016

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El rostro oculto de la catedral de Oaxaca
Authors: González Galván Manuel
Published: October 2016

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La arquitectura colonial a través de las portadas de los edificios civiles
Authors: González Galván Manuel
Published: October 2016

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Francisco Toledo como artista gráfico
Authors: Del Conde Teresa
Published: October 2016

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Lo práctico y lo sugerente en la arquitectura
Authors: González Galván Manuel
Published: October 2016

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Anna Pávlova en México
Authors: Dallal Alberto
Published: October 2016

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Las primeras litografías de Hesiquio Iriarte
Authors: De la Maza Francisco
Published: October 2016

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Insultos y saludos de los antiguos nahuas. Folklore e historia social
Authors: Escalante Gonzalbo Pablo
Published: October 2016

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La arquitectura civil de la ciudad de Tlaxcala en el siglo XVI (notas sobre un dibujo de Muñoz Camargo)
Authors: Gutiérrez Arriola Cecilia
Published: October 2016

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Relieve del Templo Mayor con Tláloc Tlaltecuhtli y Tláloc
Authors: Gutiérrez Solana Nelly
Published: October 2016

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El órgano de la parroquia "La Purísima Concepción" de Real de Catorce, S. L. P.
Authors: Drewes Michael
Published: October 2016

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Reflexiones en torno a Le Corbusier, dibujante, pintor y escultor. Iniciador del purismo
Authors: Espinosa Elia
Published: October 2016

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The retablo-façade as transparency: A study of the frontispice of San Francisco, Lima
Authors: Rodríguez Camilloni Humberto
Published: October 2016

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Teuchitlán and Central Mexico: geometry and cultural distance
Authors: Weigand Phil C.
Published: October 2016

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Avaliação da incubação artificial de ovos deformados em matrizes pesadas
Authors: Rovaris Ellen , Corrêa Gerusa da Silva Salles , Corrêa André Brito , Caramori Junior João Garcia , Luna Uanderson Verrissímo de , Assis Saullo Diogo de
Published: October 2016

White the goal of evaluate the hatchability of defective fertile eggs and verify the viability of the same incubation, incubated eggs were divided into6 treatments, treatment 1: eggs crooked, treatment 2: small eggs(45 to47g), treatment 3:eggs with microcracks, treatment 4: eggs considered low density(1070), Treatment 5:eggsfor incubation considered ideal but placed in the tray with the pole inverted(tube down) and treatment 6: control, eggs considered ideal hatching. The results showed that the control treatment had the highest rates of hatchability and reduced embryo mortality.
Does the presence of Oil and gas infrastructure potentially increase risk of harvest in northern bobwhite?
Authors: Tanner Evan P. , Elmore R. Dwayne , Davis Craig A. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Dahlgren David K. , Thacker Eric T. , Orange Jeremy P.
Published: October 2016

Beyond organisms experiencing direct impacts (mortality) from the presence of anthropogenic features, interactive relationships may exacerbate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance within the context of these features. For example, mortality risk may be affected by the road infrastructure associated with energy development by influencing space use of predators including human hunters. To assess these relationships, we conducted research on northern bobwhiteColinus virginianusacross a hunted and non‐hunted area of Beaver River Wildlife Management Area, Oklahoma, using radiotelemetry from 2012–2015. We found that bobwhite mortality risk decreased as the distance from primary roads (m) increased across weeks (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.008, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0003 to 1.0013). The interaction between unit (hunted and non‐hunted) and distance from primary roads was not significant (HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.999 to 1.001) indicating that hunting pressure was not a likely explanation for the observed decrease in survival related to primary roads. Bobwhite on the hunted unit avoided exposed soil/sparse vegetation (= ‐0.01, CI = ‐0.02 to ‐0.002) and bare ground (=‐0.01, CI =‐0.02 to ‐0.002) more than bobwhite on the non‐hunted unit, however these were weak relationships. No other differences in bobwhite space use were detected related to hunting. Though we were limited to estimating theoretical rather than empirical amounts of hunting pressure during our study, we were unable to detect any negative compounding effects of anthropogenic development and hunting pressure on bobwhite ecology during the hunting season.
“Real, practical emancipation”?
Authors: Nilsen Alf Gunvald
Published: October 2016

Th is article explores the articulations of citizenship in subaltern politics in contemporary India. Departing from Karl Marx’s acknowledgment that, despite its limitations, political orders founded on the modern democratic conception of citizenship had propelled “real, practical emancipation,” I argue that citizenship has to be understood as simultaneously enabling and constraining radical political projects and popular social movements. I flesh out this argument through a detailed analysis of Adivasi mobilization in western Madhya Pradesh, India. My analysis shows how the Adivasi Mukti Sangathan, a local social movement in the region, democratized local state-society relations by appropriating basic democratic idioms and turning these against local state personnel and the violent extortion they engaged in. Drawing on James Holston’s work on “insurgent citizenship,” I argue that claims making around such democratic idioms inflected citizenship with new and potentially emancipatory meanings centered on local sovereignty and self-rule. I then detail how this mobilization provoked a substantial coercive backlash from the state and discuss the lessons that can be gleaned from this trajectory in terms of the possibilities and limitations that citizenship offers to progressive popular politics in India today.
Migration, residential investment, and the experience of “transition”
Authors: Dalipaj Gerda
Published: October 2016

This article traces the complexity of migration patterns and residential investments of Albanian migrant families. Interlocutors built new houses in Albania and bought, additionally, apartments in Greece. While they consider their multiple residences to be an “achievement” and “immovable wealth,” they continued to see themselves as “runaways from transition.” The article emphasises the multidirectionality and multilocality of these investments. It shows that, despite various spatial tactics that migrants have successfully employed in making the link between different places, for them “transition” continues to mean the permanence of temporal conditions. This permanence is constructed in two ways: as a temporal continuity of conditions of uncertainty, unattainable futures, pain, and fatigue in a postsocialist country; and as a spatial continuity of these same conditions across different spaces, postsocialist or not, which become interconnected within wider ideologies and policies and not only through the mobility of individuals.
Moving on
Authors: Tuckett Anna
Published: October 2016

This article explores feelings of disappointment and failure among migrants in Italy. It argues that the ubiquitous circulation of discourses of disappointment can be traced to restricted possibilities for upward mobility produced by the legal, economic, and social forms of marginalization that migrants in Italy encounter. Disappointment, it contends, is the product of an imaginary migration trajectory that views moving on from Italy as the only way to be successful. Arguing that some low-status migrants can be considered “flexible citizens,” I examine how my respondents’ desires for mobility are shaped by opportunities and restrictions that are integral to late capitalism, as well as by the differentiated inclusion into the global market that these produce. By their very nature, however, I show how these desires neglect other kinds of future imaginaries and arguably impede the chance to build greater equality for migrants and their children in the future.
Of dispossessions and reclamations
Authors: Schober Elisabeth
Published: October 2016

Carrier, James G., and Don Kalb, eds. 2015. Anthropologies of class: Power, practice, and inequality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kasmir, Sharryn, and August Carbonella, eds. 2014. Blood and fire: Toward a global anthropology of labor. New York: Berghahn Books.
Perpetuation of errors in illustrations of cranial nerve anatomy
Authors: Eduardo Corrales C. , Mudry Albert , Jackler Robert K.
Published: October 2016

For more than 230 years, anatomical illustrations have faithfully reproduced the German medical student Thomas Soemmerring's cranial nerve (CN) arrangement. Virtually all contemporary atlases show the abducens, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves (CNs VI–VIII) all emerging from the pontomedullary groove, as originally depicted by Soemmerring in 1778. Direct observation at microsurgery of the cerebellopontine angle reveals that CN VII emerges caudal to the CN VIII root from the lower lateral pons rather than the pontomedullary groove. Additionally, the CN VI root lies in the pontomedullary groove caudal to both CN VII and VIII in the vast majority of cases. In this high-resolution 3D MRI study, the exit location of CN VI was caudal to the CN VII/VIII complex in 93% of the cases. Clearly, Soemmerring's rostrocaudal numbering system of CN VI-VII-VIII (abducens-facial-vestibulocochlear CNs) should instead be VIII-VII-VI (vestibulocochlear-facial-abducens CNs). While the inaccuracy of the CN numbering system is of note, what is remarkable is that generations of authors have almost universally chosen to perpetuate this ancient error. No doubt some did this through faithful copying of their predecessors. Others, it could be speculated, chose to depict the CN relationships incorrectly rather than run contrary to long-established dogma. This study is not advocating that a universally recognized numbering scheme be revised, as this would certainly create confusion. The authors do advocate that future depictions of the anatomical arrangements of the brainstem roots of CNs VI, VII, and VIII ought to reflect actual anatomy, rather than be contorted to conform with the classical CN numbering system.
Impact of intraoperative 3-T MRI with diffusion tensor imaging on hemispherectomy
Authors: Kim Gun-Ha , Seo Joo Hee , Schroff Seema , Chen Po-Ching , Lee Ki Hyeong , Baumgartner James
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

Hemispherectomy can produce remarkable seizure control of medically intractable hemispheric epilepsy in children, but some patients continue to have seizures after surgery. A frequent cause of treatment failure is incomplete surgical disconnection of the abnormal hemisphere. This study explores whether intraoperative 3-T MRI with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) during hemispherectomy can identify areas of incomplete disconnection and allow complete disconnection during a single surgery.

METHODS

The charts of 32 patients with epilepsy who underwent hemispherectomy between January 2012 and July 2014 at the Florida Hospital for Children were reviewed. Patients were grouped as having had curative or palliative hemispherectomy. To assess the completeness of disconnection when the surgeon considered the operation completed, intraoperative 3-T MRI-DTI was performed. If incomplete disconnection was identified, additional surgery was performed until MRI-DTI sequences confirmed satisfactory disconnection. Seizure outcome data were collected via medical records at last follow-up.

RESULTS

Of 32 patients who underwent hemispherectomy, 23 had curative hemispherectomy and 9 had palliative hemispherectomy. In 11 of 32 surgeries, the first intraoperative MRI-DTI sequences suggested incomplete disconnection and additional surgery followed by repeat MRI-DTI was performed. Complete disconnection was accomplished in 30 of 32 patients (93.8%). Two of 32 disconnections (6.3%) were incomplete on postoperative imaging. Cross-sectional results showed that 21 of 23 patients (91.3%) who had curative hemispherectomy remained free of seizures (International League Against Epilepsy Class 1) at a median follow-up of 1.7 years (range 0.4–2.9 years). The longitudinal seizure freedom after curative hemispherectomy was 95.2% (SE 0.05) at 6 months, 90.5% (SE 0.06) at 1 year, and 90.5% (SE 0.05) at 2 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Intraoperative 3-T MRI-DTI sequences can identify incomplete disconnection during hemispherectomy and allow higher rates of complete disconnection in a single surgery. Higher rates of complete disconnection seem to achieve better seizure-free outcome following modified functional hemispherectomy.
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric neurosurgery: safety and utility
Authors: Giordano Mario , Samii Amir , Lawson McLean Anna C. , Bertalanffy Helmut , Fahlbusch Rudolf , Samii Madjid , Di Rocco Concezio
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

The use of high-field intraoperative MRI has been largely studied for the treatment of intracranial tumors in adult patients. In this study, the authors investigated the safety, advantages, and limitations of high-field iMRI for cranial neurosurgical procedures in pediatric patients, with particular attention to craniopharyngiomas and gliomas.

METHODS

The authors performed 82 surgical procedures in patients under 16 years of age (range 0.8–15 years) over an 8-year period (2007–2014) using iMRI. The population was divided into 3 groups based on the condition treated: sellar region tumors (Group 1), gliomas (Group 2), and other pathological entities (Group 3). The patients' pre- and postoperative neurological status, the presence of residual tumor, the number of intraoperative scans, and complications were evaluated.

RESULTS

In Group 1, gross-total resection (GTR) was performed in 22 (88%) of the procedures and subtotal resection (STR) in 3 (12%). In Group 2, GTR, STR, and partial resection (PR) were performed, respectively, in 15 (56%), 7 (26%), and 5 (18%) of the procedures. In Group 3, GTR was performed in 28 (93%) and STR in 2 (7%) of the procedures. In cases of craniopharyngioma (Group 1) and glioma (Group 2) in which a complete removal was planned, iMRI allowed localization of residual lesions and attainment of the surgical goal through further resection, respectively, in 18% and 27% of the procedures. Moreover, in gliomas the resection could be extended from partial to subtotal in 50% of the cases. In 17% of the patients in Group 3, iMRI enabled the identification and further removal of tumor remnants. There was no intra- or postoperative complication related to the use of iMRI despite special technical difficulties in smaller children.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the use of iMRI in children proved to be safe. It was most effective in increasing the extent of tumor resection, especially in patients with low-grade gliomas and craniopharyngiomas. The most prominent disadvantage of high-field iMRI was the limitation with respect to operative positioning due to the configuration of the surgical table.
A novel technique to correct kyphosis in cervical myelopathy due to continuous-type ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Joo Youn-Suk , Hwang Chang Ju , Lee Choon Sung , Cho Jae Hwan
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

Although posterior decompressive surgery is widely used to treat patients with cervical myelopathy and multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), a poor outcome is anticipated if the sagittal alignment is kyphotic (or K-line negative). Accordingly, it is mandatory to perform anterior decompression and fusion in patients with cervical kyphosis. However, it can be difficult to perform anterior surgery because of the high risk of complications. This present report proposes a novel “greenstick fracture technique” to change the K-line from negative to positive in patients with cervical myelopathy, OPLL, and kyphotic deformity.

METHODS

Four patients with cervical myelopathy, continuous-type OPLL, and kyphotic sagittal alignment (who were K-line negative) were indicated for surgery. Posterior laminectomy and lateral mass screw insertions using a posterior approach were performed, followed by anterior surgery. Multilevel discectomy and thinning of the OPLL mass by bur drilling was performed, then an intentional greenstick fracture at each disc level was made to convert the cervical K-line from negative to positive. Finally, posterior instrumentation using a rod was carried out to maintain cervical lordosis.

RESULTS

MRI showed complete decompression of the cord by posterior migration in all cases, which had been caused by cervical lordosis. Restoration of neurological defects was confirmed at the 1-year follow-up assessment. No specific complications were identified that were associated with this technique.

CONCLUSIONS

A greenstick fracture technique may be effective and safe when applied to patients with cervical myelopathy, continuous-type OPLL, and kyphotic deformity (K-line negative). However, further studies with more cases will be required to reveal its generalizability and safety.
Untimely Resnais: Muriel's Disarticulations of Justice
Authors: McMahon Laura
Published: October 2016

Alain Resnais's 1963 film Muriel ou le temps d'un retour (Muriel, or the Time of Return) has been read in terms of a failure to engage with the historical and political issues surrounding the Algerian War – a failure viewed by Susan Sontag as a consequence of Resnais's favouring of aesthetics over politics. This essay reconsiders Muriel beyond the terms of this perceived privileging of aesthetic abstraction over political engagement, and looks at ways in which the spatio-temporal organization of the film is bound to forms of political critique. Drawing on Jacques Derrida's thinking of justice and Gilles Deleuze's emphasis on the topological dimensions of Resnais's cinema, I argue that Muriel's differential, interruptive configurations of history and place carve out a time and space for justice that refuses ontologization, reanimating encrypted traces of Algeria's traumatic history of decolonization and resisting the mournful memory-work of the French nationalist account.
Change, Horizon, and Event in Ozu'sLate Spring(1949)
Authors: Parks Tyler
Published: October 2016

Over the decades, the films of Yasujirō Ozu have inspired a number of contradictory responses from film critics and theorists. Initially, formal aspects of his work, which Western commentators found difficult to comprehend in relation to the thematic dimensions of the films, were often said to reflect aesthetic and philosophical principles associated with Zen Buddhism. Like the recurrence of plots that explore the transformations of the Japanese family, many formal attributes of Ozu's films were assumed to express various ideas related to traditional Japanese values. In their work on Ozu, Kristin Thompson and David Bordwell do an admirable job of debunking many clichés and misconceptions about the relationship of Ozu's work to Zen philosophy, aesthetics, and social conventions. Undoubtedly though, a metaphysical outlook emerges in Ozu's work that is neither wholly conditioned by the socialised norms of Zen and tradition, nor entirely free of them. This paper considers and analyses a claim made by Gilles Deleuze about the metaphysical orientation of Ozu's work, one which ascribes aspects of Ozu's style to a Zen conception of time. This particular argument concerns Ozu's famous still lifes, and it is my contention that through considering some aspects of Deleuze's reading of Ozu alongside Bordwell, Thompson, and Noël Burch's writing on the director, we can see what is asked of us by a film like Ozu's Late Spring (Banshun, 1949), which offers us an opportunity to rethink the relations between cinematic form, narrative, and emotion.
Structural Performance of Steel Pile Caps Strengthened with Perfobond Shear Connectors under Lateral Loading
Authors: Kim Young-Ho , Kang Jae-Yoon , Kim Sang-Ho , Kim Dae-Jin
Published: October 2016

The conventional strengthening strategy on the connection between the steel pile cap and reinforced concrete footing requires a series of complicated processes such as the distribution of reinforcing bars, their anchorage into concrete, and the usage of shear keys. This study investigates the structural performance of steel pile caps strengthened with newly proposed perfobond shear connectors subjected to lateral loading. Test parameters include the type of perfobond shear connectors, infilled concrete depth, and the number of L-shaped steel plates. The applied load versus deformation curve is plotted for all specimens, and their failure modes are identified. The effects of the test parameters on the peak load are examined in this work. From the results of this study, it can be confirmed that the proposed perfobond shear connector can be utilized as an alternative to the conventional steel pile cap strengthening method using steel rebars.
Analysis Method of Articulated Torque of Heavy-Duty Six-Legged Robot under Its Quadrangular Gait
Authors: Zhuang Hong-Chao , Gao Hai-Bo , Deng Zong-Quan
Published: October 2016

The articulated torque is an important base for developing heavy-duty multi-legged robots. To quickly obtain accurate articulated torques, a method is presented for an electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot under its quadrangular gait. First, the typical walking ways and the working conditions of support phase are analyzed. The static articulated torques are solved though Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software. The variable tendency charts of torques are acquired with the changes in the joint angles. The static simulation of robot is carried out by Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) software. A comparative analysis of the maximum static articulated torques shows that the theoretical calculation values are smaller than the static simulation values. The maximum error value is about 5%. Finally, a prototype of the electrically driven heavy-duty six-legged robot is developed. Its climbing experiments prove that the proposed method can be applied to quickly determine accurate articulated torques.
Current Controversies on the Pathogenesis of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Wat Winnie
Published: October 2016

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) was first reported more than a decade ago. Since then, numerous cases have been diagnosed. Currently, there are three groups of drugs related to MRONJ: bisphosphonates, denosumab and anti-angiogenic drugs. As MRONJ can lead to debilitating clinical sequels and limited effective treatment options are available, much research has been done in understanding its pathophysiology. Until now, the exact pathogenesis of MRONJ has not been fully elucidated. While history of invasive dental procedures or local trauma may be present, some cases occur spontaneously without any preceding factors. This review aims to examine and discuss the three main hypotheses for the pathogenesis of MRONJ, namely suppressed bone turnover, cellular toxicity and infection.
Have Sanctions Modified Iran’s Trade Policy? An Evidence of Asianization and De-Europeanization through the Gravity Model
Authors: Popova Liudmila , Rasoulinezhad Ehsan
Published: October 2016

This study is an empirical attempt to find out whether under sanctions Iran’s trade direction has shifted away from Europe (trade policy of de-Europeanization) towards Asia (trade policy of Asianization). The analysis is conducted using a panel-gravity trade model to analyze bilateral trade pattern between Iran and 50 countries from the EU and Asia during the period 2006–2013. To this end, the authors use an extended gravity model by adding new variables, including the index of Chinn–Ito (KAOPEN) as an indicator of financial openness, and the composite trade intensity (CTI) as an indicator of trade openness. Our findings reveal that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. The empirical evidence indicates a significant negative effect of sanctions on Iran–EU bilateral trade (by an average of 46.9%), while it has a positive impact on trade between Iran and the Asian countries (by an average of 85.2%). Overall, these findings confirm that the imposition of various sanctions related to Iran’s nuclear program has pushed the country’s foreign trade to reorient away from Europe towards Asia.
Risk-Limiting Scheduling of Optimal Non-Renewable Power Generation for Systems with Uncertain Power Generation and Load Demand
Authors: Lin Shin-Yeu , Lin Ai-Chih
Published: October 2016

This study tackles a risk-limiting scheduling problem of non-renewable power generation for large power systems, and addresses potential violations of the security constraints owing to the volatility of renewable power generation and the uncertainty of load demand. To cope with the computational challenge that arises from the probabilistic constraints in the considered problem, a computationally efficient solution algorithm that involves a bisection method, an off-line constructed artificial neural network (ANN) and an on-line point estimation method is proposed and tested on the IEEE 118-bus system. The results of tests and comparisons reveal that the proposed solution algorithm is applicable to large power systems in real time, and the solution obtained herein is much better than the conventional optimal power flow (OPF) solution in obtaining a much higher probability of satisfying the security constraints.
Investigation the Influence of Different Salts on the Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Non-Thermal Plasma
Authors: El-Tayeb Ahmed , El-Shazly Ahmed , Elkady Marwa
Published: October 2016

In dye decolorization tests a non-thermal plasma (NTP) corona discharge generated by a high voltage pin-to-ground plate displayed 82% color removal within 11 min. Total color removal was accomplished after 28 min. Different salts such as KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3 were utilized to check the influence of conductivity changes on the dye decolorization process. Higher dye solution conductivity improved the color removal efficiency. The discharge energy and degradation efficiency were computed for diverse concentrations for NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3, whereby it was noticed that the salts generally have a small impact on the level of dye decolorization using corona discharge. In addition, the essential reactive species involved in the oxidation of organic dye compounds such as ozone (O3) generated in treated water and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated and the energetic species that produced the non-thermal plasma at the optimum operation time were determined. Energy yields for decolorization and Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O) were calculated for different concentrations of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3. This work may help in designing plasma systems appropriate for treatment of industrial wastewaters polluted by dyes.
A Short-Term Outage Model of Wind Turbines with Doubly Fed Induction Generators Based on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Data
Authors: Sun Peng , Li Jian , Chen Junsheng , Lei Xiao
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a short-term wind turbine (WT) outage model based on the data collected from a wind farm supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. Neural networks (NNs) are used to establish prediction models of the WT condition parameters that are dependent on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and wind speed. The prediction error distributions are discussed and used to calculate probabilities of the operation of protection relays (POPRs) that were caused by the threshold exceedance of the environmentally sensitive parameters. The POPRs for other condition parameters are based on the setting time of the operation of protection relays. The union probability method is used to integrate the probabilities of operation of each protection relay to predict the WT short term outage probability. The proposed method has been used for real 1.5 MW WTs with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs). The results show that the proposed method is more effective in WT outage probability prediction than traditional methods.
Exergy and Thermoeconomic Analyses of Central Receiver Concentrated Solar Plants Using Air as Heat Transfer Fluid
Authors: Toro Claudia , Rocco Matteo , Colombo Emanuela
Published: October 2016

The latest developments in solar technologies demonstrated that the solar central receiver configuration is the most promising application among concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. In CSPs solar-heated air can be used as the working fluid in a Brayton thermal cycle and as the heat transfer fluid for a Rankine thermal cycle as an alternative to more traditional working fluids thereby reducing maintenance operations and providing the power section with a higher degree of flexibility To supply thermal needs when the solar source is unavailable, an auxiliary burner is requested. This configuration is adopted in the Julich CSP (J-CSP) plant, operating in Germany and characterized by a nominal power of 1.5 MW, the heat transfer fluid (HTF) is air which is heated in the solar tower and used to produce steam for the bottoming Rankine cycle. In this paper, the J-CSP plant with thermal energy storage has been compared with a hybrid CSP plant (H-CSP) using air as the working fluid. Thermodynamic and economic performances of all the simulated plants have been evaluated by applying both exergy analysis and thermoeconomic analysis (TA) to determine the yearly average operation at nominal conditions. The exergy destructions and structure as well as the exergoeconomic costs of products have been derived for all the components of the plants. Based on the obtained results, the thermoeconomic design evaluation and optimization of the plants has been performed, allowing for improvement of the thermodynamic and economic efficiency of the systems as well as decreasing the exergy and exergoeconomic cost of their products.
Pediatric Exposures to Ionizing Radiation: Carcinogenic Considerations
Authors: Kutanzi Kristy , Lumen Annie , Koturbash Igor , Miousse Isabelle
Published: October 2016

Children are at a greater risk than adults of developing cancer after being exposed to ionizing radiation. Because of their developing bodies and long life expectancy post-exposure, children require specific attention in the aftermath of nuclear accidents and when radiation is used for diagnosis or treatment purposes. In this review, we discuss the carcinogenic potential of pediatric exposures to ionizing radiation from accidental, diagnostic, and therapeutic modalities. Particular emphasis is given to leukemia and thyroid cancers as consequences of accidental exposures. We further discuss the evidence of cancers that arise as a result of radiotherapy and conclude the review with a summary on the available literature on the links between computer tomography (CT) and carcinogenesis. Appropriate actions taken to mitigate or minimize the negative health effects of pediatric exposures to ionizing radiation and future considerations are discussed.
Integrated Computational Approach for Virtual Hit Identification against Ebola Viral Proteins VP35 and VP40
Authors: Mirza Muhammad , Ikram Nazia
Published: October 2016

The Ebola virus (EBOV) has been recognised for nearly 40 years, with the most recent EBOV outbreak being in West Africa, where it created a humanitarian crisis. Mortalities reported up to 30 March 2016 totalled 11,307. However, up until now, EBOV drugs have been far from achieving regulatory (FDA) approval. It is therefore essential to identify parent compounds that have the potential to be developed into effective drugs. Studies on Ebola viral proteins have shown that some can elicit an immunological response in mice, and these are now considered essential components of a vaccine designed to protect against Ebola haemorrhagic fever. The current study focuses on chemoinformatic approaches to identify virtual hits against Ebola viral proteins (VP35 and VP40), including protein binding site prediction, drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, metabolic site prediction, and molecular docking. Retrospective validation was performed using a database of non-active compounds, and early enrichment of EBOV actives at different false positive rates was calculated. Homology modelling and subsequent superimposition of binding site residues on other strains of EBOV were carried out to check residual conformations, and hence to confirm the efficacy of potential compounds. As a mechanism for artefactual inhibition of proteins through non-specific compounds, virtual hits were assessed for their aggregator potential compared with previously reported aggregators. These systematic studies have indicated that a few compounds may be effective inhibitors of EBOV replication and therefore might have the potential to be developed as anti-EBOV drugs after subsequent testing and validation in experiments in vivo.
Tomato Juice Consumption Modifies the Urinary Peptide Profile in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Induced Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Martín-Pozuelo Gala , González-Barrio Rocío , Barberá Gonzalo , Albalat Amaya , García-Alonso Javier , Mullen William , Mischak Harald , Periago María
Published: October 2016

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in Western countries, with a high prevalence, and has been shown to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), etc. Tomato products contain several natural antioxidants, including lycopene—which has displayed a preventive effect on the development of steatosis and CVD. Accordingly, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of tomato juice consumption on the urinary peptide profile in rats with NAFLD induced by an atherogenic diet and to identify potential peptide biomarkers for diagnosis. Urine samples, collected weekly for four weeks, were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS). A partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was carried out to explore the association between differential peptides and treatments. Among the 888 peptides initially identified, a total of 55 were obtained as potential biomarkers. Rats with steatosis after tomato juice intake showed a profile intermediate between that of healthy rats and that of rats with induced hepatic steatosis. Accordingly, tomato products could be considered as a dietary strategy for the impairment of NAFLD, although further research should be carried out to develop a specific biomarkers panel for NAFLD.
The Further Adventures of Newborn Screening for Biotinidase Deficiency: Where It Is at and What We Still Need to Know
Authors: Wolf Barry
Published: October 2016

Biotinidase deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder that, if untreated, can result in neurological and cutaneous symptoms. If treated with the vitamin biotin, individuals with the disorder can markedly improve, but still may have some irreversible problems if therapy is delayed. If treated at birth, biotin therapy can prevent the development of symptoms as indicated by long-term outcomes. Therefore, the disorder readily meets the major criteria for newborn screening. Our laboratory has been instrumental in developing, piloting and establishing newborn screening for the disorder in the United States and in many countries. This review discusses some of the “behind-the-scenes” aspects of how we spread the word about the disorder and what we learned from over 30 years of newborn screening. We also discuss some of the controversies and issues about biotinidase deficiency that remain to be addressed. Based on the successful outcomes of older adolescents and adults with profound biotinidase deficiency identified by newborn screening, this is one of the best, if not the best, disorder for which to perform newborn screening. In summary, “If an individual has to have an inherited metabolic disorder, biotinidase deficiency is the one to have.”