bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Performance and Work Passion and their Relationship to Emotional Exhaustion Among Futsal Coaches
Authors: Mohammed Widad Yousif , Fahad Aseel Naji
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to identify strategic performance, passion for work, and their relationship to emotional exhaustion among futsal coaches, by preparing questionnaire forms to measure strategic performance, passion for work, and emotional exhaustion. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the correlational method, as it is the appropriate approach to the nature of this research, and the community is represented. For data conforming to a normal distribution, the independent samples test was used to analyze numerical comparisons between two different groups t-test. As a result, correlation coefficients between strategic performance and job passion in the research sample the t- value reached (160.2) below the significance level (0.05) was detected.Averages of correlation coefficients between strategic performance and emotional exhaustion in the research sample the t- value reached (2.160) below the significance level (0.05) was detected. The value of the correlation coefficient between strategic performance, work passion and emotional exhaustion in the research the t- value reached (2.160) below the significance level (0.05) was detected. In conclusion, the researcher recommended strengthening the role of Strategic performance and passion for work among futsal coaches.
Сучасні виклики та невдачі військового лідерства стратегічного рівня в контексті планування відсічі збройній агресії російської федерації проти України
Authors: Loishyn Anatolii , Tkach Ivan , Yefymenko Hanna , Zborchyi Andrii
Published: May 2024

Мета роботи: аналіз викликів військового лідерства стратегічного рівня в контексті планування відсічі збройній агресії російської федерації проти України.
Метод: для реалізації мети дослідження здійснено її декомпозицію, проаналізовано зміст наявних у відкритому доступі публікацій, синтезовано предметні результати дослідження, сформульовано відповідні висновки.
Результати дослідження будуть використані в удосконаленні положень теорії формування лідерських компетентностей військових лідерів стратегічного рівня.
Теоретична цінність дослідження полягає в ідентифікації та систематизації сучасних викликів військового лідерства стратегічного рівня в контексті планування відсічі збройній агресії російської федерації проти України, проаналізовано невдачі стратегічного лідерства.
Обмеження дослідження: полягає у використанні інформації, що перебуває у вільному доступі.
Тип статті: дослідницька.
Аналіз ефективності превентивних заходів у зменшенні виникнення професійних захворювань
Authors: Ilchyshyn Yaroslav , Beseda Daria , Beseda Andriy
Published: May 2024

Мета роботи: є систематичний аналіз та оцінка ефективності превентивних заходів, спрямованих на зменшення виникнення професійних захворювань серед працівників.
Метод: аналіз, синтез.
Результати дослідження: дослідження показало, що врахування ризиків на робочому місці та впровадження відповідних заходів безпеки може ефективно знизити шанси на професійні захворювання у працівників. Виявлено, що впровадження систематичних медичних оглядів, спеціальних та профілактичних навчальних програм з безпеки праці на робочому місці може значно зменшити випадки професійних захворювань серед працівників.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: Результати цього дослідження можуть допомогти удосконалити планування та реалізацію превентивних заходів, спрямованих на покращення умов праці та здоров’я працівників.
Практична цінність дослідження: Можлива практична цінність даного дослідження полягає в підвищенні ефективності заходів профілактики професійних захворювань. Також, результати дослідження можуть бути використані для розробки нових стратегій профілактики та підвищення свідомості про важливість збереження здоров'я працівників на робочому місці.
Розвиток ОПК України в умовах війни та повоєнного відновлення
Authors: Pysmennyi Oleksii , Krechko Serhii , Bestiuk Andrii
Published: May 2024

Мета роботи: проаналізувати стан та обґрунтувати пріоритети розвитку оборонно-промислового комплексу України в умовах війни на виснаження та у повоєнному відновленні країни.
Метод: системний аналіз, узагальнення, синтез.
Результати дослідження: Виявлено основні проблеми та тенденції у сфері оборонно-промислового комплексу в умовах війни на виснаження, а також ідентифіковано основні можливості для його розвитку під час повоєнного відновлення. Визначено пріоритети розвитку оборонно-промислового комплексу України на підставі зміни підходу до розробки і виробництва оборонної продукції..
Теоретична цінність дослідження: включає аспекти, які мають важливе значення для розуміння та вирішення актуальних проблем, у сфері оборонно-промислового комплексу в умовах війни на виснаження, а також ідентифіковано основні можливості для його розвитку під час повоєнного відновлення.
Практична цінність дослідження: полягає у можливості розвитку оборонно-промислового комплексу України відповідно до визначених пріоритетів на підставі зміни підходу до розробки і виробництва оборонної продукції.
Оригінальність: полягає в тому, що на основі аналізу стану оборонно-промислового комплексу України в умовах війни на виснаження визначено необхідність утримання балансу між наявними викликами перед ОПК а намаганням використати безпрецедентні можливості його розвитку.
PANDANGAN DUNIA KAUM MILENIAN DALAM NOVEL KERUMUNAN TERAKHIR KARYA OKKY MADASARI
Authors: Dinda Adinda , Taufik Dermawan
Published: May 2024

The millennial generation is often considered a digital generation because it is easy to accept the times, namely technological developments that facilitate all activities. However, there are impacts that are influenced by technological developments. One of the novels that raised this phenomenon was the novel Kerumunan Terakhir. by Okky Madasari. Kerumunan Terakhir novel tells the story of man's stuttering of technological development. The purpose of this study is to describe perspectives from various parties on technological developments. The method used is descriptive-qualitative. With a sociological research approach and using Goldmann's genetic structuralism theory and the approach used is sociological. Data collection techniques include novels, recent crowds, and interviews with authors and millennials. Data analysis techniques in the form of data tricoagulation. The results of this study have three findings, first the structure of the novel text which forms two relationships, namely equal relations between characters and the power of characters and objects. Second, the millennial worldview of technological progress, that they think the presence of technology will have an impact on life, and the author's position as representing millennials in his work he gives advice in his novel. Based on this study which uses the novel Kerumunan Terakhir which discusses human stuttering towards technological developments. So it can be said from this novel that the presence of technology is able to affect all aspects of people's lives.
KOMPETENSI KEPRIBADIAN GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN SISWA MAN 1 LAMONGAN
Authors: Yudis Nurrachman M Alief , Sari Lestari Egi , Melvi Febriyanti  , Anni Amaliyatul ilmi
Published: May 2024

A school is a place where students can receive instruction formally in an organized environment that aims to help them achieve their academic and personal success. In addition to spreading knowledge, good teachers are also role models for their students by getting to know students more deeply. Therefore, good teacher character is very important in fostering student discipline because they have the ability to guide and limit students to act and think according to their personality development. This study discusses how teacher personality can affect in improving the discipline of MAN 1 Lamongan students. The purpose of this study was to identify how the personality of teachers in MAN 1 Lamongan impacts student behavior. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach, which involved observation, interviews, and documentation with a combination of data from primary and secondary sources. The results showed that the nature of a teacher greatly affects the level of discipline in the classroom. Positive teachers often show more self-control and obedience in their students than less charismatic teachers. Teachers who are fair, consistent, strong, powerful, and intelligent and compassionate will most likely improve the discipline of their students.
Novel role of MHC class II transactivator in hepatitis B virus replication and viral counteraction
Authors: Dezhbord Mehrangiz , Kim Seong Ho , Park Soree , Lee Da Rae , Kim Nayeon , Won Juhee , Lee Ah Ram , Kim Dong-Sik , Kim Kyun-Hwan
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims: The major histocompatibility class II (MHC II) transactivator, known as CIITA, is induced by Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and plays a well-established role in regulating the expression of class II MHC molecules in antigen-presenting cells.Methods: Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were isolated via therapeutic hepatectomy from two donors. The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 were used for the mechanistic study, and HBV infection was performed in HepG2-NTCP cells. HBV DNA replication intermediates and secreted antigen levels were measured using Southern blotting and ELISA, respectively.Results: We identified a non-canonical function of CIITA in the inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in both HCC cells and patient-derived PHH. Notably, in vivo experiments demonstrated that HBV DNA and secreted antigen levels were significantly decreased in mice injected with the CIITA construct. Mechanistically, CIITA inhibited HBV transcription and replication by suppressing the activity of HBV-specific enhancers/promoters. Indeed, CIITA exerts antiviral activity in hepatocytes through ERK1/2-mediated down-regulation of the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) and HNF4α, which are essential factors for virus replication. In addition, silencing of CIITA significantly abolished the IFN-γ-mediated anti-HBV activity, suggesting that CIITA mediates the anti-HBV activity of IFN-γ to some extent. HBV X protein (HBx) counteracts the antiviral activity of CIITA via direct binding and impairing its function.Conclusions: Our findings reveal a novel antiviral mechanism of CIITA that involves the modulation of the ERK pathway to restrict HBV transcription. Additionally, our results suggest the possibility of a new immune avoidance mechanism involving HBx.
Voriconazole successfully treats chytridiomycosis in frogs
Authors: Brannelly LA , Sharma P , Ballesteros S , Wendt AS
Published: May 2024

Chytridiomycosis is a devastating disease and is a key cause of amphibian population declines around the world. Despite active research on this amphibian disease system for over 2 decades, we still do not have treatment methods that are safe and that can be broadly used across species. Here, we show evidence that voriconazole is a successful method of treatment for 1 species of amphibian in captivity and that this treatment could offer benefits over other treatment options like heat or itraconazole, which are not able to be used for all species and life stages. We conducted 2 treatments of chytridiomycosis using voriconazole. The treatment was effective and resulted in 100% pathogen clearance, and mortality ceased. Additionally, treating frogs with voriconazole requires less handling than treatment methods like itraconazole and requires no specialized equipment, like heat treatment. We highlight that clinical treatment trials should be conducted to identify an optimum dosage and treatment time and that trials should test whether this treatment is safe and effective for tadpoles and other species.
Spatiotemporal and isotopic niche overlap among Atlantic puffins, razorbills, and common murres during the non-breeding season in the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Runnells ES , Montevecchi WA , Davoren GK
Published: May 2024

Little is known about the spatial and dietary overlap of seabird species during the non-breeding season, when scarce and patchy marine food resources could lead to interspecific competition. We aimed to quantify spatiotemporal and isotopic niche overlap among common murres Uria aalge, razorbills Alca torda, and Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica outside the breeding season by combining data from geolocators and stable isotope ratios (δ15N, δ13C) of belly, secondary, and head feathers collected in 2017-2020 from birds breeding in coastal northeastern Newfoundland, Canada. Seasonal utilization distributions of each species indicated generally low spatial overlap during most of the non-breeding period, with exceptions immediately post-breeding and with variability in movement paths among puffins. Stable isotope analysis revealed a broader isotopic niche (1.5 to 3×) for puffins than other species, matching their greater spatial variation. There was no isotopic niche overlap among the 3 species, except during flight feather molt of razorbills and murres. Individual puffins located in the same area as razorbills or murres had lower δ15N values, suggesting a lower trophic position. The minimal overlap of these 3 alcid species during an understudied phase of their annual cycle suggests that they segregate spatially and partition resources, implying that different spatial planning and ecosystem conservation strategies should be applied to each of these 3 species.
“Kings more than Men, Men less then Beasts”: a discussion of the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire in Fulke Greville’s Treatises
Authors: Erkoç Yeni Seda
Published: May 2024

Fulke Greville (1554-1628), stood as a prominent figure in the realms of English statesmanship, courtly life, and poetry during the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean periods. Maintaining a consistent presence in the courts of Elizabeth I, James I and Charles I, Greville had a unique vantage point to observe the intricacies of courtly circles in early modern England. His sharp intellect and literary passion, coupled with his involvement in Elizabethan and Jacobean politics, elevated him to the status of one of the foremost philosopher-poets of his era. In Turkish scholarship, considerable attention has been given to Greville’s Mustapha (1610), which explores the touching theme of the execution of Şehzade Mustafa, at the command of his father Süleyman the Magnificent. While this work has been extensively discussed, Greville's treatises, offering insights into his political and philosophical perspectives on contentious issues of his time such as sovereignty, kingship, tyranny, and just rule, have not received comparable examination. Notably, his treatises Of Monarchy and Of Warres provide a comprehensive exposition of his thoughts on the rise and fall of the Ottoman state. This article, therefore aims to present a more nuanced exploration of Fulke Greville’s ideas concerning the Ottoman Empire, shedding light on his broader philosophical contributions beyond the well-discussed Mustapha. A close reading of his Treatises indicates that Greville's interest in the Ottoman State and its history was intertwined with his political stance on a pressing concern for the English court—the rivalry with Spain and the broader Catholic world.
Prospects for epistemic generationism about memory
Authors: Tooming Uku , Miyazono Kengo
Published: May 2024

A source of epistemic justification can be either preservative or generative, in that it can either just preserve justification that was provided by some other source or generate justification on its own. This paper asks what is required for generationism about memory to be true and argues that there are rather demanding conditions that a case of memory justification needs to satisfy in order to count as epistemically generative in a substantive sense. By considering a parallel argument for epistemically generative cases of imagination and drawing from empirical data on event completion, we argue that there are such cases of memory justification because the way in which memory processes fill in the content of event memories suggests that memory is fit to provide justification about past events that is not due to a source other than memory.
STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN MIKROALGA DI SUNGAI MARGASATWA RAGUNAN SEKITAR KANDANG BUAYA
Authors: Setyani Anisa Intan , Sari Deva Dewiyana , Permatasari Maulida Azzra , Izat Muhammad , Bintang Sekar , Suryanda Ade , Azrai Eka Putri
Published: May 2024

Microalgae are microscopic unicellular organisms that have varying sizes, shapes, and types, have photosynthetic pigments, are photoautotrophic, and are found in aquatic environments. Microalgae have certain limits of tolerance to water chemical physics factors. The presence of microalgae in water can be used as an indicator of the state of the water. This study aims to identify the diversity of microalgae as an indicator of the water quality present in the river around the Ragunan Margasatwa crocodile cage. Sampling was done in the Ragunan Margasatwa Park river near the crocodile cage. Samples of macroalgae are visually identified and include morphology, color, shape, and other characteristics. Based on the observations, it can be concluded that the river ecosystems around the crocodile cages are under low ecosystem pressure. The diversity index generally has a range of values between 1.5 and 4, and lower values reflect increasing ecosystem instability. The lowest microalgae density was found at station 1, which is 120 ind/ml. Individuals with the highest density at station 2, the species Aphanothece sp. with a density value of 293.3 ind/mL.
Vulnerability, Conscience, and Integrity
Authors: Keenan James
Published: May 2024

This essay explores how vulnerability, understood not as precarity but as capacious responsiveness, much as the Philosopher Judith Butler identifies it, and recognition are key moral concepts that are prior conditions for the expression of conscience. Appreciating Thomas Aquinas' argument that conscience is neither a power or a habit, but rather an act, the essay argues that Aquinas' inclination synderesis, that prompts us to the good and away from evil, functions in a way similar to vulnerability. Fundamentally, vulnerability prompts us to recognize the neighbor who needs our response.
CLINICAL GUIDELINES Diverticular disease (57.2, 57.3), adults
Authors: Shelygin Yu. A. , Ivashkin V. T. , Achkasov S. I. , Moskalev A. I. , Тimerbulatov V. M. , Sazhin A. V. , Shapovalyants S. G. , Karpukhin O. Y. , Kostenko N. V. , Кorotkikh N. N. , Zarodnyuk I. V. , Trubacheva J. L. , Veselov V. V. , Likutov A. A. , Kashnikov V. N. , Frolov S. A. , Yartsev P. A. , Loranskaya I. D. , Vykova B. A. , Shifrin O. S. , Poluektova E. A. , Mamieva Z. A. , Ulyanin A. I. , Shkurko T. V.
Published: May 2024

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The first experience in the treatment of colorectal anastomosis fistulas using a platform for transanal endomicrosurgery
Authors: Sychev S. I. , Alimova A. R. , Alekseev M. V. , Chernyshov S. V. , Rybakov E. G.
Published: May 2024

AIM: to demonstrate the first experience of using the platform for transanal endoscopic microsurgery treatment for fistula of the colorectal anastomosis.PATIENTS AND METHODS: from October 2017 to March 2023 5 patients (36-77 years old) with persistent fistula of the colorectal anastomosis were included in the cohort. All of them underwent rectal resection for cancer. The surgery technique was presented on clinical case with defect of colorectal anastomosis on the posterior side up to 0.5 cm length with presacral sinus up to 2.5 cm in the largest dimension.RESULTS: no postoperative morbidity developed. Patient discharged on the 6th day. CONCLUSION: TEM platform allows to consider it promising approach for the persistent fistula of colorectal anastomosis.
Surgical and non-operative treatment of acute complicated diverticulitis in a COVID hospital
Authors: Tyagunov A. E. , Shcherbakov N. A. , Akhmedov R. R. , Donchenko N. S. , Laipanov B. K. , Alieva Z. M. , Stradymov E. A. , Tavadov A. V. , Mirzoyan A. T. , Fyodorov D. D. , Tyagunov A. A. , Sazhin A. V.
Published: May 2024

Surgical treatment of acute abdomen during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was accompanied by an extremely high mortality rate, however, only a few studies have presented the results of acute inflammatory complications of diverticular disease (AICDD).AIM: analysis of treatment of AICDD in a COVID-19 hospital.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the retrospective study included 78 patients with acute diverticulitis (AD) from a COVID hospital, confirmed by CT or intraoperative revision. Assessment of COVID pneumonia, comorbidities, organ dysfunction, CT findings, peritonitis, treatment methods, and in-hospital mortality among patients was performed.RESULTS: organ dysfunction of ≥ 1 point on the qSOFA scale was detected in 59.0% of the patients. According to CT data, abdominal distant gas was detected in 48 (61.5%) patients, and pericolic gas in 14 (17.9%) patients. Segmental colon resection was performed in 60 (76.9%) patients, laparoscopic lavage (LL) of the abdominal cavity — in 3, non-operative treatment (NOT) with drainage of fluid collections — in 6, and only NOT in 10 patients. Most patients with distant or pericolic gas were operated on within an average time of 1 [0; 3.5] hours after admission. Diffuse peritonitis was detected during surgery in 45 (75%) of them. After resection, organ dysfunction of ≥ 2 points on the SOFA scale developed or progressed in 52 (86.7%) patients. The overall mortality rate was 48.7%, and the postoperative mortality was 63.3%. All patients (n = 38) died after segmental colon resection. Successful NOT was achieved in 4 patients with pericolic gas and 3 patients with distant gas.CONCLUSION: surgery for AICDD in patients with COVID-19 is associated with extremely high mortality, therefore, in the absence of obvious signs of diffuse peritonitis, initial non-operative treatment may be life-saving.
Quality of life of patients with permanent colostomy and low anterior resections (meta-analysis)
Authors: Khomyakov E. A. , Abramenkov V. B. , Rybakov E. G. , Moskalev A. I. , Sushkov O. I.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: patients with rectal cancer after low anterior resections and with permanent colostomy inevitably face negative functional consequences of treatment. The question of anastomosis performing often remains unanswered. AIM: to compare the quality of life of patients with rectal cancer after low anterior resections and surgical treatment with a permanent colostomy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: literature search was performed in MEDLINE database according to PRISMA criteria using the keywords: “QoL”, “Quality of life”, “EORTC”, “low anterior resection” “rectal”, “stoma”, “ostomy” using suffixes [OR], [AND]. The meta-analysis included 9 retrospective studies with 2438 patients.RESULTS: no significant differences were found in global health status between the groups (p = 0.11). A significant difference with a worse score in ostomy patients is noted on the physical (p = 0.003), role (p = 0.002), emotional (p = 0.03) and social functioning (p = 0.004). In contrast, patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery have a higher incidence of constipation and diarrhea (p < 0.00001).CONCLUSION: patients with permanent stoma and after low anterior resections have comparable global health status. These patients have different profiles of disturbances in QoL patterns and functional consequences of surgery.
Ileocecal resection with extended lymphadenectomy for localized cecal cancer
Authors: Matveev I. V. , Danilov M. A. , Klimashevich A. V. , Aallakhverdiev A. K. , Maksimenko A. V. , Valieva A. M.
Published: May 2024

AIM: to evaluate the early results ileocecal resection with extended lymphadenectomy in patients with localized cecal cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: from December 2021 until June 2023 40 patients with verified malignant cecal tumors were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: 20 patients underwent ileocecal resection with extended lymphadenectomy in the D3 volume; the control group included 20 right hemicolectomies with D3 lymphadenectomy.RESULTS: no postoperative mortality. The differences were revealed in the course of the intraoperative and early postoperative period, the volume of the removed mesentery and the length of the resected section of the intestine, and the number of removed lymph nodes. Metastasis to lymph nodes was detected at the level of 201 and 202 groups.CONCLUSION: ileocecal resection with extended D3 lymphadenectomy is an effective and safe method for localized forms of cecal cancer and can be considered as an alternative to the standard right hemicolectomy.
COMMENTS Igor V. Matveev, Mikhail A. Danilov, Alexander V. Klimashevich, Arif K. Aallakhverdiev, Alexander V. Maksimenko, Anastasia M. Valieva Ileocecal resection with extended lymphadenectomy for localized cecal cancer
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2024

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Hemorrhoidectomy with lateral ultrasonic dissection in cutting mode in patients with stages 3–4 hemorrhoids
Authors: Sazonov A. A. , Maistrenko N. A. , Romashchenko P. N. , Ardankin A. G.
Published: May 2024

AIM: to assess original method of hemorrhoidectomy with lateral ultrasonic dissection in cutting mode in patients with stages 3–4 hemorrhoids.PATIENTS AND METHODS: a retrospective study included 140 patients with hemorrhoids 2–4 stages. In the main group (n = 80), an original technique of lateral ultrasound dissection in cutting mode was used (patent for invention No. 2722997). Patients in the control group (n = 60) underwent Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy using electrosurgical scalpel.RESULTS: significant differences were achieved in intensity of pain syndrome, morbidity rate, which were significantly in the main group. Histology showed that the depth of coagulative necrosis when in the original technique was 145 ± 25 µm vs 1730 ± 180 µm in the controls (р < 0,001). Anorectal manometry data, significantly less dysfunction anal sphincter was noted in the postoperative period in the main group.CONCLUSION: hemorrhoidectomy with lateral ultrasonic dissection in cutting mode reduces tissue trauma, morbidity rate and intensity of pain, and also promotes rapid restoration of anal continence.
Analysis of risk factors for the recurrence of osteomyelitis of the limb after treatment with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate and autologous bone graft
Authors: Su Yu , Li Dongchen , Du Bing , Li Zhao , Lu Yao , Xu Yibo , Wang Qian , Li Zhong , Ren Cheng , Ma Teng
Published: May 2024

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate combined with autologous iliac bone transplantation in the treatment of limb-localized osteomyelitis (Cierny–Mader type III) and analyze the causes and risk factors associated with infection recurrence.

Methods

Clinical data of 163 patients with localized osteomyelitis of the extremities treated with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate combined with autologous iliac bone transplantation in Xi’an Honghui Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were diagnosed with localized osteomyelitis through clinical examination and treated with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate combined with autologous iliac bone. Based on the infection recurrence status, the patients were divided into the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared using univariate analysis. Subsequently, the distinct datasets were included in the binary logistic regression analysis to determine the risk and protective factors.

Results

This study included 163 eligible patients, with an average age of 51.0 years (standard deviation: 14.9). After 12 months of follow-up, 25 patients (15.3%) experienced infection recurrence and were included in the recurrence group; the remaining 138 patients were included in the non-recurrence group. Among the 25 patients with recurrent infection, 20 required reoperation, four received antibiotic treatment alone, and one refused further treatment. Univariate analysis showed that education level, smoking, hypoproteinemia, open injury-related infection, and combined flap surgery were associated with infection recurrence (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that open injury-related infection (odds ratio [OR] = 35.698; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.997–212.495; p < 0.001) and combined flap surgery (OR = 41.408; 95% CI: 5.806–295.343; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for infection recurrence. Meanwhile, high education level (OR = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.001–0.061; p < 0.001) was a protective factor for infection recurrence.

Conclusion

Antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate combined with autologous iliac bone transplantation is an effective method for treating limb-localized osteomyelitis. Patients without previous combined flap surgery and non-open injury-related infections have a relatively low probability of recurrence of infection after treatment with this surgical method. Additionally, patients with a history of smoking and hypoproteinemia should pay attention to preventing the recurrence of infection after operation. Providing additional guidance and support, particularly in patients with lower education levels and compliance, could contribute to the reduction of infection recurrence.
Enhancing diabetes therapy adherence: a comprehensive study on glucometer usability for type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Toletti Giovanni , Boaretto Andrea , Di Loreto Chiara , Fornengo Riccardo , Gigante Alfonso , Perrone Giovanni
Published: May 2024

Background

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a vital practice for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and glucometers have the potential to improve therapy adherence. However, characteristics of glucometers improving their usability are underexplored. A knowledge gap exists regarding patients under 65, warranting further research for diabetes care improvement. Thus, this study aims to gather insights on glucometer accessibility, by analyzing the case of the Accu-Chek® Instant glucometer by Roche Diabetes Care GmbH.

Methods

Starting from a previous study having the objective of investigating devices’ features able to improve SMBG in over 65 T2DM patients, using the same device, we enlarged the scale, designing a survey that collected answers from 1145 patients of the Center and South of Italy, both under and over 65. 957 answers were analyzed, according to a threshold of 50% completion of the answers.

Results

Our results show the major characteristics presented in Accu-Chek® Instant are appreciated differently between patients under 65 and over 65, and between patients with or without previous experience with a glucometer.

Discussions and conclusions

It emerged how Accu-Chek® was perceived as more user-friendly among individuals under 65 compared to those aged 65 and over, where more people had prior experience, indicating how such a glucometer can be particularly helpful for naive patients. The study provides valuable insights to the academic discourse on glucometer features and their influence on therapy adherence.
Spatial detection of mitochondrial DNA and RNA in tissues
Authors: Giarmarco Michelle , Seto Jordan , Brock Daniel , Brockerhoff Susan
Published: May 2024

Background

Mitochondrial health has gained attention in a number of diseases, both as an indicator of disease state and as a potential therapeutic target. The quality and amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and RNA (mtRNA) can be important indicators of mitochondrial and cell health, but are difficult to measure in complex tissues.

Methods

mtDNA and mtRNA in zebrafish retina samples were fluorescently labeled using RNAscope™ in situ hybridization, then mitochondria were stained using immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment with RNase was used for validation. Confocal images were collected and analyzed, and relative amounts of mtDNA and mtRNA were reported. Findings regarding mtDNA were confirmed using qPCR.

Results

Signals from probes detecting mtDNA and mtRNA were localized to mitochondria, and were differentially sensitive to RNase. This labeling strategy allows for quantification of relative mtDNA and mtRNA levels in individual cells. As a demonstration of the method in a complex tissue, single photoreceptors in zebrafish retina were analyzed for mtDNA and mtRNA content. An increase in mtRNA but not mtDNA coincides with proliferation of mitochondria at night in cones. A similar trend was measured in rods.

Discussion

Mitochondrial gene expression is an important component of cell adaptations to disease, stress, or aging. This method enables the study of mtDNA and mtRNA in single cells of an intact, complex tissue. The protocol presented here uses commercially-available tools, and is adaptable to a range of species and tissue types.
Mitochondrial defects in sporadic inclusion body myositis—causes and consequences
Authors: Iu Elsie Chit Yu , So Ho , Chan Chi Bun
Published: May 2024

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is a distinct subcategory of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM), characterized by unique pathological features such as muscle inflammation, rimmed vacuoles, and protein aggregation within the myofibers. Although hyperactivation of the immune system is widely believed as the primary cause of IIM, it is debated whether non-immune tissue dysfunction might contribute to the disease’s onset as patients with sIBM are refractory to conventional immunosuppressant treatment. Moreover, the findings that mitochondrial dysfunction can elicit non-apoptotic programmed cell death and the subsequent immune response further support this hypothesis. Notably, abnormal mitochondrial structure and activities are more prominent in the muscle of sIBM than in other types of IIM, suggesting the presence of defective mitochondria might represent an overlooked contributor to the disease onset. The large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletion, aberrant protein aggregation, and slowed organelle turnover have provided mechanistic insights into the genesis of impaired mitochondria in sIBM. This article reviews the disease hallmarks of sIBM, the plausible contributors of mitochondrial damage in the sIBM muscle, and the immunological responses associated with mitochondrial perturbations. Additionally, the potential application of mitochondrial-targeted chemicals as a new treatment strategy to sIBM is explored and discussed.
Hovendulcisic acid A-D: four novel ceanothane-type triterpenoids from Hovenia dulcis stems with anticancer properties
Authors: Yang Jianzhan , Cai Wanna , Wu Fan , Xu Shengmei , Zhang Xiaoqi , Liu Bo , Xu Fangfang
Published: May 2024

Sixteen ceanothane-type triterpenoids, including four new compounds—hovendulcisic acids A–D (1–4) —were purified from the stems of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. The structures of 1–4 were confirmed by comprehensive means including ECD and quantum chemical calculations. Putative biosynthetic pathways of 1–16 were proposed, and 3, 5, and 15 exhibited antitumor activity on A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
Cytosolic DNA sensors activation of human astrocytes inhibits herpes simplex virus through IRF1 induction
Authors: Liu Yu , Xu Xi-Qiu , Li Wei-Jing , Zhang Biao , Meng Feng-Zhen , Wang Xu , Majid Safah M. , Guo Zihan , Ho Wen-Zhe
Published: May 2024

Introduction

While astrocytes participate in the CNS innate immunity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, they are the major target for the virus. Therefore, it is of importance to understand the interplay between the astrocyte-mediated immunity and HSV-1 infection.

Methods

Both primary human astrocytes and the astrocyte line (U373) were used in this study. RT-qPCR and Western blot assay were used to measure IFNs, the antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) and HSV-1 DNA. IRF1 knockout or knockdown was performed with CRISPR/Cas9 and siRNA transfection techniques.

Results

Poly(dA:dT) could inhibit HSV-1 replication and induce IFN-β/IFN-λs production in human astrocytes. Poly(dA:dT) treatment of astrocytes also induced the expression of the antiviral ISGs (Viperin, ISG56 and MxA). Among IRFs members examined, poly(dA:dT) selectively unregulated IRF1 and IRF9, particularly IRF1 in human astrocytes. The inductive effects of poly(dA:dT) on IFNs and ISGs were diminished in the IRF1 knockout cells. In addition, IRF1 knockout attenuated poly(dA:dT)-mediated HSV-1 inhibition in the cells.

Conclusion

The DNA sensors activation induces astrocyte intracellular innate immunity against HSV-1. Therefore, targeting the DNA sensors has potential for immune activation-based HSV-1 therapy.
Sweet complexity: O-linked protein glycosylation in pathogenic Neisseria
Authors: Børud Bente , Koomey Michael
Published: May 2024

The genus Neisseria, which colonizes mucosal surfaces, includes both commensal and pathogenic species that are exclusive to humans. The two pathogenic Neisseria species are closely related but cause quite different diseases, meningococcal sepsis and meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis) and sexually transmitted gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). Although obvious differences in bacterial niches and mechanisms for transmission exists, pathogenic Neisseria have high levels of conservation at the levels of nucleotide sequences, gene content and synteny. Species of Neisseria express broad-spectrum O-linked protein glycosylation where the glycoproteins are largely transmembrane proteins or lipoproteins localized on the cell surface or in the periplasm. There are diverse functions among the identified glycoproteins, for example type IV biogenesis proteins, proteins involved in antimicrobial resistance, as well as surface proteins that have been suggested as vaccine candidates. The most abundant glycoprotein, PilE, is the major subunit of pili which are an important colonization factor. The glycans attached can vary extensively due to phase variation of protein glycosylation (pgl) genes and polymorphic pgl gene content. The exact roles of glycosylation in Neisseria remains to be determined, but increasing evidence suggests that glycan variability can be a strategy to evade the human immune system. In addition, pathogenic and commensal Neisseria appear to have significant glycosylation differences. Here, the current knowledge and implications of protein glycosylation genes, glycan diversity, glycoproteins and immunogenicity in pathogenic Neisseria are summarized and discussed.
Inclusive innovation stems from environmental communication scholarship
Authors: Bernacchi Leigh A.
Published: May 2024

Environmental communication has led to expansive understanding of how to improve outcomes and processes to serve the underserved in natural resources and agricultural situations. As a practitioner, this article reflects on the pathway to build a profession outside of traditional academic careers to bring together diverse partners and disciplines.
Correlation between plasma aldosterone concentration and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients: potential impact on osteoporosis and future fracture risk
Authors: Song Shuaiwei , Cai Xintian , Hu Junli , Zhu Qing , Shen Di , Heizhati Mulalibieke , Yang Wenbo , Hong Jing , Li Nanfang
Published: May 2024

Background

Previous studies have suggested that aldosterone may play a major role in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and bone metabolism. However, the relationship between plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the relationship between PAC levels and BMD and explore PAC’s potential impact on osteoporosis and future fracture risk in hypertensive patients.

Methods

Our study included a total of 1430 participants. Associations are tested using multiple linear and logistic regression models. Nonlinearity was investigated using the restricted cubic spline (RCS). We also performed mediating analyses to assess mediating factors mediating the relationship between PAC and osteoporosis.

Results

The multiple linear regression showed a negative correlation between PAC and BMD and was generally positively associated with FRAX scores. Meanwhile, logistic regression analyses indicated that osteoporosis was highly correlated with PAC levels. In addition, a clear non-linear dose-response relationship was also shown in the constructed RCS model. Finally, mediation analyses showed that serum potassium played an important role in the development of osteoporosis.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that elevated PAC levels are strongly associated with decreased BMD, increased prevalence of osteoporosis, and the risk of future fractures in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this relationship and reveal its underlying mechanisms.
Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions
Authors: Reiter Russel J. , Sharma Ramaswamy , Tan Dun-Xian , Chuffa Luiz Gustavo de Almieda , da Silva Danilo Grunig Humberto , Slominski Andrzej T. , Steinbrink Kerstin , Kleszczynski Konrad
Published: May 2024

This article discusses data showing that mammals, including humans, have two sources of melatonin that exhibit different functions. The best-known source of melatonin, herein referred to as Source #1, is the pineal gland. In this organ, melatonin production is circadian with maximal synthesis and release into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid occurring during the night. Of the total amount of melatonin produced in mammals, we speculate that less than 5% is synthesized by the pineal gland. The melatonin rhythm has the primary function of influencing the circadian clock at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the CSF melatonin) and the clockwork in all peripheral organs (the blood melatonin) via receptor-mediated actions. A second source of melatonin (Source # 2) is from multiple tissues throughout the body, probably being synthesized in the mitochondria of these cells. This constitutes the bulk of the melatonin produced in mammals and is concerned with metabolic regulation. This review emphasizes the action of melatonin from peripheral sources in determining re-dox homeostasis, but it has other critical metabolic effects as well. Extrapineal melatonin synthesis does not exhibit a circadian rhythm and it is not released into the blood but acts locally in its cell of origin and possibly in a paracrine matter on adjacent cells. The factors that control/influence melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites are unknown. We propose that the concentration of melatonin in these cells is determined by the subcellular redox state and that melatonin synthesis may be inducible under stressful conditions as in plant cells.
Opportunities and challenges to improve carbon and greenhouse gas budgets of the forest industry through better management of pulp and paper by-products
Authors: Laberge Sharlène , Courcot Blandine , Lagarde Andréanne , Lebel Desrosiers Simon , Lafore Karima , Thiffault Evelyne , Thiffault Nelson , Bélanger Nicolas
Published: May 2024

Developing land use strategies to optimize carbon sinks and improve carbon footprints involves proposing efficient nature-based solutions that industries and businesses can implement while considering financial and legislative constraints. The pulp and paper industry is associated with significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily due to the substantial carbon dioxide (CO2) footprint of its mills. Also, some forestry operations contribute to the release of carbon to the atmosphere in the form of CO2and methane (CH4). Conversely, this industry could potentially be a significant ally in the fight against climate change by favoring forestry practices that reduce carbon emissions and increase its sequestration, namely, by adding value to industrial by-products (e.g., biosolids) instead of treating them as wastes and landfilling them. Notably, the pulp and paper industry has been seeking alternative uses of its by-products, such as fertilizers to maximize tree growth. In this paper, we identify opportunities and challenges that exist for the pulp and paper industry in regard to recycling industrial by-products to: 1) lower GHG emissions directly at the mill and 2) improve its GHG budget by increasing carbon sequestration in forests and plantations. We illustrate our analyses by describing a case study of a pulp and paper mill in southern Quebec, Canada, that uses its biosolids and other by-products as fertilizers. This case study highlights that this strategy could not only contribute to the reduction of GHGs but could also create added value and improve economic returns of forest operations.
Regulation of vascular remodeling by immune microenvironment after the establishment of autologous arteriovenous fistula in ESRD patients
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Kong Xianglei , Liang Liming , Xu Dongmei
Published: May 2024

Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred dialysis access for receiving hemodialysis treatment in end-stage renal disease patients. After AVF is established, vascular remodeling occurs in order to adapt to hemodynamic changes. Uremia toxins, surgical injury, blood flow changes and other factors can induce inflammatory response, immune microenvironment changes, and play an important role in the maintenance of AVF vascular remodeling. This process involves the infiltration of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune cells and the secretion of cytokines. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune cells include neutrophil (NEUT), dendritic cell (DC), T lymphocyte, macrophage (Mφ), etc. This article reviews the latest research progress and focuses on the role of immune microenvironment changes in vascular remodeling of AVF, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of AVF failure.
Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination – kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells
Authors: Wietschel Kilian A. , Fechtner Kevin , Antileo Elmer , Abdurrahman Goran , Drechsler Chiara A. , Makuvise Michelle Kudzayi , Rose Ruben , Voß Mathias , Krumbholz Andi , Michalik Stephan , Weiss Stefan , Ulm Lena , Franikowski Philipp , Fickenscher Helmut , Bröker Barbara M. , Raafat Dina , Holtfreter Silva
Published: May 2024

Introduction

COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective immunity. While the serum antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination has been studied in depth, our knowledge of the underlying plasmablast and memory B cell (Bmem) responses is still incomplete. Here, we determined the antibody and B cell response to COVID-19 vaccination in a naïve population and contrasted it with the response to a single influenza vaccination in a primed cohort. In addition, we analyzed the antibody and B cell responses against the four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs).

Methods

Measurement of specific plasma IgG antibodies was combined with functional analyses of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and Bmems. SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-specific IgG antibodies were quantified with an in-house bead-based multiplexed immunoassay.

Results

The antibody and B cell responses to COVID-19 vaccination reflected the kinetics of a prime-boost immunization, characterized by a slow and moderate primary response and a faster and stronger secondary response. In contrast, the influenza vaccinees possessed robust immune memory for the vaccine antigens prior to vaccination, and the recall vaccination moderately boosted antibody production and Bmem responses. Antibody levels and Bmem responses waned several months after the 2nd COVID-19 vaccination, but were restored upon the 3rd vaccination. The COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies mainly targeted novel, non-cross-reactive S1 epitopes of the viral spike protein, while cross-reactive S2 epitopes were less immunogenic. Booster vaccination not only strongly enhanced neutralizing antibodies against an original SARS-CoV-2 strain, but also induced neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron BA.2 variant. We observed a 100% plasma antibody prevalence against the S1 subunits of HCoVs, which was not affected by vaccination.

Discussion

Overall, by complementing classical serology with a functional evaluation of plasmablasts and memory B cells we provide new insights into the specificity of COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody and B cell responses.