bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H.M.R.S. Crescent: navio hospital e presiganga britânica no porto do Rio de Janeiro, 1840-1854
Authors: Ré Henrique Antonio
Published: April 2023

From the beginning of 1840 until 1854, the British government installed the vessel H.M.R.S. Crescent in the port of Rio de Janeiro to receive liberated Africans from slave ships and the crews of the same vessels until the judgment of the case by the Mixed Commission Court. The intention was that this vessel would serve, at the same time, as accommodation, hospital, and prison. With the British consular documentation on the slave trade, this article explores the importance of this ship in the “African immigration scheme” to the West Indian colonies, the benefits of this strategy for liberated Africans, and what it meant for British abolitionism. Likewise, it also assesses how the presence of the Crescent bothered the national authorities, who saw it as a violation of Brazilian sovereignty. Finally, it concludes that the British authorities, although motivated by an interest in transferring workers to the West Indies, were in fact concerned with the well-being of Africans.
A review of the behaviours of the Chondrichthyes: a multi-species ethogram for the chimaeras, sharks, and rays
Authors: Klimley A. Peter , Porcher Ila F. , Clua Eric E.G. , Pratt Harold L.
Published: April 2023

In this review of the behavioural patterns of chondrichthyan fishes, we have strived to produce a comprehensive catalogue of events and states and develop standardized terminology. Hence, actions that are slightly different, will be pooled under inclusive titles. Those used by different investigators are included in quotations within the textual descriptions of the motor patterns. This standardized ethogram will ideally lead to an increase in inter-observer reliability, giving researchers more confidence when reading colleagues’ papers that report behaviours that appear similar to theirs despite being described for different species. The descriptions are presented under the following categories: (1) maintenance (2) courtship (3) filter feeding (4) scavenging (5) predation (6) sociality (7) aggression and (8) defence. The many actions are illustrated by line drawings and photographs in composite figures with an attempt to provide an example of each action for a chimaera, shark, and ray. The diversity of patterns is evident from this ethogram, consistent with observation that the brain-to-body mass ratios of cartilaginous fishes are greater than a third of the bird species and greater than those for some mammalian species. The major impetus for assembling this ethogram is to demonstrate the diversity of behaviours exhibited by members of the Chondrichthyes and to dispel the apocryphal belief that members of this taxon are ‘simple feeding machines’.
A taxonomic revision of Boiga multomaculata (Boie, 1827) and B. ochracea (Theobald, 1868), with the description of a new subspecies (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae)
Authors: KÖHLER GUNTHER , CHARUNROCHANA PANUPONG THAMMACHOTI , MOGK LINDA , THAN NI LAR , KURNIAWAN NIA , KADAFI AHMAD MUAMMAR , DAS ABHIJIT , TILLACK FRANK , O’SHEA MARK
Published: April 2023

The analyses of molecular genetic data (mtDNA markers 16S, ND4, CYTB, and the nuclear marker c-mos) provided evidence that the Asian cat snake taxa Boiga multomaculata and B. ochracea actually represent a single species. They form mixed clades of low intraclade genetic differentiation. This evidence for conspecificy is supported by the lack of differentiation in all examined pholidotic and morphometric characters. Therefore, we formally place Dipsas ochracea Theobald, 1868 in the synonymy of Dipsas multomaculata Boie, 1827. We provide a summary of the tangled taxonomic history of the taxa involved in this study. Also, we resurrect Dipsadomorphus stoliczkae Wall, 1909 from synonymy of B. ochracea, for specimens exhibiting 21 midbody dorsal scale rows. Boiga stoliczkae is found in the Himalayas north and west of the Brahmaputra valley. Finally, based on the detection of historical genetic lineages within the newly defined species Boiga multomaculata we recognize three subspecies: Boiga multomaculata multomaculata (Boie, 1827), Boiga multomaculata ochracea (Theobald, 1868), and Boiga multomaculata septentrionalis n. ssp. which is distributed in northern Myanmar and Assam and Nagaland, India. We designate BMNH 1946.1.2.60 (1) as neotype of Dipsas ochracea Theobald, (2) as lectotype of D. ochraceus Günther, and (3) as lectotype of Boiga ochracea walli Smith, thereby making these names objective synonyms. Finally, we designate BMNH 94.12.31.55 as lectotype of Dipsadomorphus stoliczkae Wall.
Integrative taxonomy reveals two new narrowly-endemic crayfish species (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Yadkin River Basin in western North Carolina, USA
Authors: PERKINS MICHAEL A. , WILLIAMS BRONWYN W. , RUSS WILLIAM T.
Published: April 2023

Two new species of stream-dwelling crayfish, Cambarus lapidosus, the Stony Fork Crayfish, and Cambarus burchfielae, the Falls Crayfish, are described from the Yadkin River basin in western North Carolina, USA, using an integrative taxonomic approach consisting of morphological, genetic, and biogeographic data. Both species were previously considered to be members of the widely distributed Cambarus species C complex, which occurs throughout mid-Atlantic Slope river basins; however, they are in fact morphologically and genetically more similar to the Cambarus robustus species complex from interior basins in the south-central Appalachians, indicating Atlantic basin stream capture of an Interior basin faunal group has occurred in this region. Both new species described herein can be differentiated from these two complexes, and each other, by several morphological characteristics. Cambarus lapidosus and C. burchfielae are differentiated from C. species C by the absence of cervical spines and the presence of 1–2 subpalmar tubercles on the chelae in most specimens; both species are less-punctate across the areola than C. aff. robustus. Cambarus burchfielae is further differentiated from C. lapidosus, C. species C, and C. aff. robustus by the presence of a narrower and sparsely punctate areola, a single weak row of tubercles on the mesial margin of the palm, and the absence of tubercles on the dorsal surface of the dactyl. The newly described species are genetically sister taxa and together are most similar by genetic distance to undescribed members of the C. robustus species complex from the nearby (~30 km) Watauga River basin and most phylogenetically similar to C. aff. robustus from the adjacent New River basin; both are interior basin drainages. The newly-described species are endemic to the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina and have restricted distributions (<100 km2–150 km2) in small (<4th order) tributaries to the Yadkin River. Cambarus lapidosus is known only from the upper Stony Fork watershed and C. burchfielae is known only from the upper reaches of the adjacent Lewis Fork watershed; both species likely qualify for conservation status protections under narrow geographic range criteria.
Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp. (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies, with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species
Authors: COCK MATTHEW J. W. , LAGUERRE MICHEL , BUDDIE ALAN G. , CAFA GIOVANNI , ALSTON-SMITH SCOTT , MORRALL JOHN , GOSULA VENKATA SIVA
Published: April 2023

Phalaena militta Stoll, [1781], currently in the combination Thyrgis militta, is transferred to the new combination Calodesma militta. Phalaena militta is the type species of Thyrgis Walker, 1854, and so Thyrgis is a junior synonym of Calodesma Hübner, [1820]. The reinstated genus Seileria Dognin, 1923 is the next available name for the genus previously known as Thyrgis, and the remaining eight species and their subspecies currently in Thyrgis are transferred to new combinations as species of Seileria: S. angustifascia (Hering, 1925), S. basipunctata (Hering, 1926), S. constrictifascia (Dognin, 1919), S. flavonigra (Dognin, 1910), S. investigatorum (Toulgoët, 1988), S. marginata (Butler, 1875), S. meres (Druce, 1911), S. phlegon (Druce, 1885), S. phlegon ruscia (Druce, 1895), S. tenuifascia (Hering, 1930) and S. tenuifascia daguana (Hering, 1930). Eucyanoides Toulgoët, 1988, currently a synonym of Thyrgis, is made a new subjective synonym of Seileria. Based on DNA barcodes, we recognise three very similar, sexually dimorphic and in two cases polymorphic South American species of Calodesma with some phenotypes in common but very similar male genitalia: C. militta (BOLD:AAK1660), C. sp. cf. collaris (BOLD:ABZ2392) and C. pseudocollaris Cock new species (BOLD:AEI2170). Calodesma militta is widespread in South America, with two male morphs (collaris and dioptis) and two female morphs with variable markings (white and orange morphs). Centronia plorator Kaye, [1923] and Thyrgis lacryma Dognin, 1919 are variants of the white female morph and are new synonyms of Calodesma militta. A third female morph with red markings was not sequenced and could not be allocated to a species. Calodesma sp. cf. collaris (BOLD:ABZ2392) occurs in southern South America with both male morphs but only a white female morph. Calodesma pseudocollaris new species (BOLD:AEI2170) is only known from Trinidad, with one male morph (collaris) and the white female morph. Although more than ten morphs relating to this complex have been described as species, they cannot be synonymised without more data on distribution of the different species or DNA barcodes from the type specimens. Collated life history information indicates species of this group are split between Malpighiaceae feeders and Bromeliaceae feeders, but more work is needed to define these differences. The morphism patterns observed are discussed in terms of Müllerian mimicry and mimicry rings, and we suggest that in Trinidad (and elsewhere) there is a loose mimicry ring of diurnal black species with white spots or transparent patches on the wings which are most conspicuous and frequently observed when feeding on white Asteraceae flowers.
Prediction Skill and Practical Predictability Depending on the Initial Atmospheric States in S2S Forecasts
Authors: Inatsu Masaru , Matsueda Mio , Nakano Naoto , Kawazoe Sho
Published: April 2023

The hypothesis that predictability depends on the atmospheric state in the planetary-scale low-frequency variability in boreal winter was examined. We first computed six typical weather patterns from 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere using self-organizing map (SOM) and k-clustering analysis. Next, using 11 models from the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) operational and reforecast archive, we computed each model’s climatology as a function of lead time to evaluate model bias. Although the forecast bias depends on the model, it is consistently the largest when the forecast begins from the atmospheric state with a blocking-like pattern in the eastern North Pacific. Moreover, the ensemble-forecast spread based on S2S multimodel forecast data was compared with empirically estimated Fokker–Planck equation (FPE) parameters based on reanalysis data. The multimodel mean ensemble-forecast spread was correlated with the diffusion tensor norm; they are large for the cases when the atmospheric state started from a cluster with a blocking-like pattern. As the multimodel mean is expected to substantially reduce model biases and may approximate the predictability inherent in nature, we can summarize that the atmospheric state corresponding to the cluster was less predictable than others.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of week-to-month forecasts by analyzing multimodel forecast results. We established the hypothesis proposed by the previous studies that the accuracy of forecasts depended on the atmospheric state. Together with the data-based method on predictability, an atmospheric state with the anticyclone anomaly in the eastern North Pacific exhibited low predictability. Our results provide a method to foresee the ability of week-to-month forecasts.
A Systematic Review of Social Validation Procedures in Intervention Research With Transition-Age Autistic Youth
Authors: Bottema-Beutel Kristen , Crowley LaPoint Shannon , Kim So Yoon , Mohiuddin Sarah , Yu Qun , McKinnon Rachael
Published: April 2023

In this secondary analysis of a previously conducted systematic review, we analyze social validity assessments in intervention research for transition-age autistic youth. Social validity is concerned with the acceptability of the intervention goals, the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention procedures, and the perceived importance of the intervention outcomes. We found that although just over half of intervention studies assessed some aspect of social validity, only 43% of those studies examined all three dimensions. There were several shortcomings of the social validation procedures, including a lack of psychometric validation for quantitatively scored questionnaires and a failure to describe qualitative procedures for analyzing open-ended questions. These shortcomings likely explain why interpretations of social validity assessments were nearly universally positive.
Decoding the Variations in the Female Labour Supply in Rural India: Empirical Evidences Based on Previous NSSO Datasets
Authors: Singh Ankit Kumar
Published: April 2023

The female labour force participation rate (LFPR) in India has been persistently declining and has exhibited an unusual pattern over the years, which deviates from the discourse of a U-shaped relationship between female LFPR and economic growth. The article is an attempt to provide some of the empirical foundations to the female LFPR in rural India, and further delves into a comprehensive understanding of the effects of different factors like household, social, economic and personal factors, empirically through previous NSSO data sets. The data sets used in the study are from NSSO 50, that is, from 1993-94 to NSSO 66, that is, 2009-10, to ascertain the factors that were significant over the years in determining the female LFPR in rural areas. These variables were tested to gain an understanding on the variations in female labour supply in rural India. Being cognisant and by problematising some of the significant factors that affected the female LFPR in the past, the article demands the state to exercise policies beyond its neoliberal framework and the ‘Keynesian welfare-state’ model of ‘superficial’ social security. Methodologically, three models were further created based on the NSSO 66 data set to showcase the perennial discouraged-worker effects among the females in LFPR in rural India. The article further empirically tests Jacob Mincer’s theory: ‘substitution effect dominating the income effect’ in the decision of females entering the labour market in rural India and shows empirically how it does not hold in the Indian context, thereby an attempt on debunking the mainstream theory.

JEL Codes: J10, J21, J64, C18
Development of a local bond shear stress-slip model of RC beams externally strengthened with FRP materials
Authors: Bouziadi Farid , Haddi Abdelkader , Tahenni Touhami , Boulekbache Bensaid , Hamrat Mostefa , Naser MZ , Amziane Sofiane
Published: April 2023

This paper presents an analysis of the numerical investigation of RC beams, strengthened with CFRP and tested in flexure, using the ANSYS© numerical analysis code. In the first part of this paper, finite-element models of RC beams (control and CFRP-strengthened), subjected to four-point bending, are developed based on experimental tests as reported in the literature. Then, a 3D nonlinear finite-element analysis (NLFEAs) with perfect bonding, along with 12 cohesive zone material (CZM) models proposed by researchers in literature, are explored to simulate the behaviour of CFRP-strengthened RC beams. In the second part of this work, the compressive strength of the concrete and the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin are examined to study their effect on the same CFRP-strengthened RC beam. On the basis of those two studies, a bilinear CZM model is modified to predict the behaviour of RC beams strengthened with FRP materials, and interfacial shear debonding phenomena. The modified CZM model is verified against a database of experimental results that includes 23 RC beams, strengthened with FRP tested in flexure, with different concrete compressive strength, FRP modulus of elasticity and resin elastic modulus. The experimental and predicted ultimate loads are compared to verify the accuracy of the modified CZM model. The level of fitness between the modified CZM model and experimental results is elaborated with statistical metrics such as integral of the absolute error (IAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The results show good agreement between the experimental and predicted ultimate loads.
The Contextual Generality of Crime: Workplace and Street Crime
Authors: Nguyen Holly , McNealey Rachel , Thomas Kyle J.
Published: April 2023

Objectives: We examine whether individuals engage in crime across a variety of different settings (contextual generality). Specifically, we assess whether individuals who engage in workplace crime will engage in street crime and whether certain individuals have a greater tendency to engage in workplace crime relative to street crime. We are guided by trait-based theories, learning theories, and strain theories to guide our expectations related to the contextual generality of criminal behavior. Methods: We analyze data from the National Youth Survey and conduct multinomial logistic regressions, item response theory, and ordinary least squares regressions. We supplement this with the Youth Development Survey and the Pathways to Desistance Study. Results: There is a small overlap between workplace crime and street crime. Participation in each context is related to context-specific perceived coworker/peer disapproval and deviant workplace definitions. There is a tendency for some respondents to specialize in workplace crime relative to street crime. Conclusions: Contextual generality in criminal behavior is a fruitful avenue to study theoretical debates between theories of population heterogeneity and theories that allow for specific types of offending. More studies are needed to extend this line of inquiry.
Public High School Music Education in Maryland: Issues of Equity in Access and Uptake
Authors: Miller David S.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate issues of equity in access, uptake, and outcomes of high school music education in the context of an individual state, Maryland. I explored equity through four angles: (a) representation among music students and teachers, (b) factors associated with access to music courses, (c) student and school characteristics associated with music enrollment, and (d) postsecondary enrollment outcomes of students who did and did not enroll in music. Sample members included all students enrolled in a public high school in Maryland belonging to the 2015 to 2016 ninth-grade cohort ( N = 55,500) and public high school teachers ( N = 17,250) during the 2015 to 2016 school year. Approximately 22% of all students were enrolled in a music course their ninth-grade year, and there were substantive differences in demographic representation in band, chorus, orchestra, piano, and guitar classes compared to the student body. Logistic regression results showed that school size was the most salient predictor of access to a music course. Multilevel modeling revealed student-, school-, and teacher-level characteristics were all associated with student enrollment in an ensemble music course. Finally, students who enrolled in music courses did not suffer an opportunity cost regarding college enrollment.
Analysis of Newspaper Reporting of Non-fatal Suicide Attempts During the Covid-19 Lockdown in Pakistan
Authors: Mahesar Rameez Ali , Shaikh Sadia , Latif Muhammad , Azeema Nusrat , Solangi Aneela , Abro Shaila Yaseen
Published: April 2023

Background: This study was aimed to observe newspaper reports about non-fatal suicide attempts in Pakistan during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: We performed content analysis of news reports about incomplete suicides from four vernacular newspapers of Pakistan between March and August 2020. Results: A total of 87 news reports about suicide attempts were examined; the vast majority of the suicide attempters was Muslims (78%), males (64%), females (36%) with (33%) mentions of age, ranging from 19–30 years, and married were (76%). However, occupation was largely missing from (93%) of the news. Self-poisoning was the commonly reported method in (65%) of suicide attempts, whereas familial discord was the leading risk factor for (72%) of suicide attempts. Conclusions: Although psychological intervention is crucial to reduce familial discords as risk factors, monitoring the mental health conditions of people vulnerable to suicide and the figures on attempted suicides should be maintained and collected nationally and regionally.
Study on the effect of different angles on the propagation characteristics of acoustic emission signals in wood
Authors: Li Ming , Huang Changlin , Fang Saiyin , Zhao Yue , Xu Ning , Qin Gezhou , Mao Feilong
Published: April 2023

To explore the propagation characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals in wood at different angles. The AE signals at different angles were obtained by changing the angle of incidence by sawing the inclined surfaces at different angles. The Zelkova schneideriana specimen was sawn 5 times with an increment of 15°, and 5 different incidence angles were obtained. AE signals were collected by 5 sensors arranged equally on the surface of the specimen, AE energy and energy attenuation rate were calculated. The reflection signals corresponding to different angles were collected on the uncut specimen by changing the position of the sensors, and the propagation speed of the AE signals at different angles was calculated. The results showed that the kinetic energy provided by the external excitation is small, and the AE energy is mainly provided by the displacement potential energy. With the change of the incidence angle, the AE kinetic energy changes significantly. With the increase of the reflection angle, the speed of the reflected wave also continued to increase, and finally stabilized at 4600 m/s.
Cyberbullying and PIU Among Adolescents Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Association With Adolescents Relationships
Authors: Eden Sigal , Heiman Tali , Olenik-Shemesh Dorit , Yablon Yaacov B.
Published: April 2023

This study examines the role of adolescents-parents/teachers/peers relationships as explanatory variables of cyberbullying and problematic Internet-use (PIU) pre-and during COVID-19 pandemic. Questionnaires were delivered to 348 adolescents ages 13 to 18 years ( M = 15.05) at two time-points, provided a rare opportunity for assessment the pandemic effect. A significant increase was found in Internet-usage and PIU from pre-pandemic to during the pandemic-lockdown, although no change was found in cyber-perpetrating/victimization, but a decrease in cyber-witnessing. An increase was found in adolescents-teachers/peers relationships, while adolescent-parent relationships remained unchanged and strong. Intensive Internet-use was a positive explanatory variable for stronger teachers/peers relationships. When adolescent-peer relationships were stronger, the cyber-perpetrating/victimization were lower. Also, reinforcements in adolescents-teachers relationships during the lockdown may have influenced the decrease in cyberbullying.
SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Clinical Characteristics, and Related Risk Factors: The First 8 Months Surveillance Study Conducted in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Muleta Dassalegn , Simieneh Asnake , Duguma Tadesse , Tekalign Eyob , Worku Teshale , Ayele Gizachew , Melaku Yayeh , Nuri Abdulrezak , Teressa Murtii , Belay Adinew , Abayneh Mengistu
Published: April 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and became pandemic after emerging in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infections in districts of southwest Ethiopia. A study was conducted on COVID-19 surveillance data in the diagnostic center of the southwest district of Ethiopia from July 1, 2020, to February 30, 2021. A total of 10 618 nasopharyngeal specimens were tested for SARS-COV-2 using the detection of unique sequences of virus RNA by reverse transcriptase PCR. Data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between COVID-19 and risk factors, with a significance level of P = 0.05. A total of 10 618 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 419 (3.9%) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among a total of 419 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 80.2% were asymptomatic, 264 (63.0%) were males, and 233 (55.6%) were aged 19 to 35 years. Comorbidity was present in 37 (8.8%). The risk of getting SARS-CoV-2 infections was increased with male sex (AOR = 1.248; 95% CI: 1.007, 1.547), health workers (AOR = 3.187; 95% CI: 1.960, 5.182), prisoners (AOR = 2.118; 95% CI: 1.104, 4.062), and comorbid conditions (AOR = 2.972; 95% CI: 1.649, 5.358), such as diabetes (AOR = 4.765; 95% CI: 1.977-11.485) and other respiratory problems (AOR = 3.267; 95% CI: 1.146-9.317). Despite the fact that overall laboratories confirmed prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the study area was low and dynamic, it was spread to all zones of the study area. This highlights the importance of implementing the most effective public health strategies to prevent the further spread and reduce the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Acute kidney injury in obstetrics: Hospital-based cohort study
Authors: Kharkongor Dimple , Mehrotra Seema , Solanki Vandana , Singh Urmila , Patel M.L. , Agarwal Shuchi
Published: April 2023

Obstetric acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious unsolved global health-care problem and is a significant contributor to the overall burden of AKI resulting in devastating maternal and foetal outcomes. We studied the characteristics of obstetric AKI and the factors related to its unfavourable outcome. A total of 110 patients developed AKI among 10,138 admission giving a frequency of 1.08%. The commonest risk factor was pre-eclampsia followed by haemorrhage and sepsis. Complete recovery of renal function occurred in 40.9%. However, 9.1% were left with end-stage renal disease. AKI due to sepsis, delayed referral and deranged renal function on admission was associated with unfavourable outcome. AKI in pregnancy merits special attention because it involves risk to two lives, mother and foetus. Early identification of risk factors coupled with timely and efficient management will result in reducing obstetric AKI and associated maternal morbidity and mortality
The Politics of Vaccines—How to Determine a Fair Vaccine Allocation: Hierarchy, Negotiations, or Culture?
Authors: Christensen Tom , Lægreid Per
Published: April 2023

This study examines vaccine allocation policy during the COVID-19 pandemic by applying a hierarchical, a negotiation, and a cultural perspective. It addresses how vaccine allocation principles under conditions of scarcity are translated into practice in the case of Norway. A main finding is that the policy was informed by instrumentalism as well as by path dependencies, but over time the issue became more salient by activating stakeholder interests, which resulted in an adaptation of established norms. The three perspectives reveal how different approaches to a “fair vaccine allocation” policy can lead to different explanations of the same phenomenon.
Understanding the Abyssal Forces in the Fifth Trumpet Judgment (Rev. 9.1–12) in Light of the Demonology of Jubilees
Authors: Lee Sanghwan
Published: April 2023

The Fifth Trumpet pericope (i.e., Rev. 9.1–12) contains various enigmatic themes: the ascent of the demons from the subterranean prison, the bottomless pit as the domain of the demons, the hybridity of the demons, the hierarchy among the demons, the Angel of the Abyss, the divine restriction on the demons, and the demonic activity as part of the economy of God. In attempting to understand these motifs, most scholars engage Old Testament and Second Temple Jewish literature, highlighting several important parallels. Although this approach has undoubtably yielded advances in the study of the Revelation episode, there is still an important but often ignored Second Temple work that allows us to further scrutinize the text: the book of Jubilees. This article demonstrates that Jubilees provides valuable background information for analyzing Rev. 9.1–12, inviting New Testament scholars to give greater attention to Jubilees in order to obtain a clearer picture of the pericope.
Twitter trolling of Pakistani female journalists: A patriarchal society glance
Authors: Siddiqua Ayesha , Gong Jiankun , Aksar Iffat Ali
Published: April 2023

The incorporation of new media technology into journalistic practices led to online harassment, particularly of female journalists. The researchers investigated the tweets of four prominent Pakistani female journalists through the lens of post-colonial feminism and symbolic violence. The qualitative analysis of 239 tweets revealed themes that corroborated the dominance of sociocultural and political grounds in undermining the status of women and making them susceptible to online harassment. In culturally traditional communities, the position of women is “gender specific,” and socioeconomic status cannot guarantee women’s safety from cultural behaviors. The harassment themes included “you called for it,” adhering to the limits of a male-dominated society, women’s card, threats, “ lifafa,” shamelessness, religious policing, moral policing, and pseudo-intellectual labeling. The study recommends expanding research in sociopolitical, religious, and cultural contexts to comprehend symbolic violence, particularly in relation to women.
Permanent Membership: The Prohibition of Citizenship Renunciation
Authors: Harbers Imke , Steele Abbey
Published: April 2023

Dual citizenship is often seen as an indication that states are adopting more open membership policies. In some cases, however, dual citizenship is imposed because states lay claim to populations beyond their borders, and prohibit the renunciation of citizenship. This research note presents new data to describe which countries prohibit renunciation. First, we find that some states prohibit renunciation in administrative practice, even though national legal frameworks formally allow renunciation. Roughly one in five states — 38 total — prohibits citizenship renunciation in de facto or de jure terms. Second, prohibitions are regionally clustered in Latin America and the Caribbean (13 countries) and the Middle East and North Africa region (11 countries). Third, among the countries that prohibit renunciation, democracies and authoritarian regimes are fairly balanced (17 democracies vs. 21 autocracies). Fourth, democracies are more likely to formally prohibit renunciation, while autocracies also rely on de facto prohibition through administrative barriers, arbitrary procedures, or a failure to process requests. We connect citizenship prohibitions to diaspora governance, discuss its implications for citizens, and propose avenues for further research.
Light Bulb Moments: Where Do Student Entrepreneurs Get Their Ideas
Authors: Neill Stern , Bieraugel Mark
Published: April 2023

Understanding how to support creative ideation is an important, yet, elusive, issue for marketing educators. To shed light, this study proposes ideation as a malleable state influenced by “outside-the-brain” resources. By examining venture concept ideation, this study captures the ideation–environment relationship using experience sampling to tap into the daily lives of student entrepreneurs. The findings identify how entrepreneurial ideas emerge from specific external interactions and engagements, which are contextualized using two Japanese conceptualizations of space, ba (場) and ma (間). The results inform both marketing education and entrepreneurial marketing.
Deficiency of object-based attention specific to the gaze cue is independent of top-down attentional strategies
Authors: Eito Hirokazu , Wakabayashi Akio
Published: April 2023

This study investigated whether modes of attentional selection (location-based or object-based) are modulated by the cue type, specifically social cues such as eye gaze and pointing fingers, or by a non-social cue, such as an arrow. Earlier studies have demonstrated that the object-based attention effect was found only with arrow cues when presenting a spatial cue at either end of a rectangle: gaze cues did not yield object-based facilitation. We examined whether this deficiency of object-based attention is generalized to social cues such as pointing fingers. We measured the reaction times to the target at each cued location, an opposite side of a cued location in the same object, or the location in a different object equidistant from the cued location for each cue. Results indicated that only the gaze cue weakened the object-based attention effect, even under the condition of participants’ voluntary extension of their attentional focus. The pointing cue induced sufficient object-based facilitation, as did the arrow cue. These results suggest that the deficiency of object-based attention was observed only for the gaze cue, and that it would be caused by a factor that is unique to the gaze cue, which narrows the attentional focus.
Optimal power flow solution based on gorilla troops optimization technique considering uncertainty of renewable energy sources: A case study of Adrar’s isolated power network
Authors: Mouassa Souhil , Makhloufi Saida , Djabali Chabane , Jurado Francisco
Published: April 2023

This paper proposes an efficient Gorilla troops-inspired algorithm to cope optimal power flow (OPF) problem considering uncertainty of renewable energy sources (RES). The problem is formulated as large-scale constrained optimization problem with non-linear characteristics. Its degree of complexity increases with incorporation of intermittent energy sources, making it harder to be solved using conventional optimization techniques. However, could be efficiently resolved by nature-inspired optimization algorithms and solvers. The objective function is the overall cost of system, including reserve cost for over-estimation and penalty cost for under-estimation of two types of PV-solar and wind energy. To demonstrate the consistency and robustness of the developed algorithm a case study on the modified IEEE 30-bus system and and Adrar’s power network (isolated grid) is carried out. Simulation results show the capability of GTO to find high quality optimal feasible solutions and ranked first among the compared algorithms, and so, over different function landscapes.
Examination of Crash Rates and Injury Severity Before, During, and After Roadworks at High-Speed Regional Roads
Authors: McClure Dan , Siriwardene Sajani , Truong Long , Debnath Ashim Kumar
Published: April 2023

Although work zones pose risks to roadworkers and motorists, undertaking roadworks is important to maintain and upgrade road networks. Many researchers have examined the associations between safety levels and roadwork activities and have produced inconsistent findings. Whereas some researchers have compared safety levels before and during roadwork activities, few compared the safety levels at three stages of roadworks: before, during, and after roadworks, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the associations. In addition to the inconsistent findings, another significant gap exists in the literature: existing research on all three stages is dated and scarce. To address this important gap, this paper aims to examine the associations between safety levels and three stages of roadworks. Using police-reported crash data from twenty-four high-speed road segments in the regional areas of New South Wales, Australia, this paper presents findings from a statistical analysis of the data to understand how crash rates and injury severity levels changed across the three stages. Results showed that crash rates for all crashes, as well as for fatal and injury crashes, reduced significantly from the before period to the during period, and then further to the after period. Greater reductions in crash rates were also observed for crashes that did not involve a heavy vehicle than the heavy vehicle-involved crashes, crashes that were not related to speeding or fatigue issues than those with such issues, crashes that occurred during weekdays than weekends, and crashes that occurred at straight sections than at curved sections.
Proposed Typology for Ridesourcing Using Survey Data from Tennessee
Authors: Crossland Cassidy , Brakewood Candace , Guo Jing , Cherry Christopher
Published: April 2023

Although ridesourcing users have been studied in literature, it is unlikely that everyone uses ridesourcing homogenously. Identifying a ridesourcing user typology could help to further understand how ridesourcing is used, to better plan and manage these services. This study employed survey data collected in 2019 from residents of three heavily auto-oriented metro areas in Tennessee to generate a ridesourcing user typology based on demographic, socioeconomic, and preference variables. We identified four ridesourcing user and nonuser types: “young urban local users,”“wealthy travelers,”“tagalong users,” and “nonusers.” The young urban local users made up about 20% of the sample and included those who used ridesourcing locally. They tended to use ridesourcing for social purposes, were younger and had higher incomes. These findings aligned with prior research. The wealthy traveler type was comprised of those who used ridesourcing primarily when traveling. Wealthy travelers were older and had higher incomes than other user types. Tagalong users typically rode with friends/family; they tended to be younger, female, and/or Black. Prior research has largely excluded the tagalong user type. The nonuser was the fourth and largest (53%) type. Nonusers were usually older, had lower incomes, and were located in rural areas. Their most common reasons for not using ridesourcing included car ownership, safety concerns, and cost. Understanding the differences between these user types could help practitioners and policy makers better plan for ridesourcing services and integrate them into the operations of local transportation systems, particularly in more autocentric metropolitan areas.
Asphalt Pavement Pothole Repair Using the Pre-Heating Method: An Integrated Experiment and Modeling Study
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Hao , Venkiteela Giri
Published: April 2023

Pothole repair in asphalt pavements is one of the most common highway maintenance treatments. Improving the longevity of asphalt patch can increase driving comfort, improve road safety, and reduce agency and user costs. This study investigated the effectiveness of pre-heating on pavement pothole repair using laboratory tests, field measurements, and numerical modeling. A test section with artificial potholes and temperature sensors was built for the study. The potholes were repaired using hot-mix asphalt (HMA) after pre-heating using an infrared heater. Laboratory tests were performed on field cores to measure interface shear and tensile strength between patch material and existing pavement and the cohesive tensile strength of patch material. Numerical models were first validated using field temperature measurements and then used to determine the required heating time for reaching the targeted temperatures under different infrared radiation powers and field conditions. The results show that pre-heating increases the temperatures at pothole edges and surfaces and promotes better bonding. With the application of pre-heating, the greater interface shear and tensile strength were found between patching material and the surrounding pavement, in addition to greater indirect tensile strength and lower air voids of HMA patch. To reach the targeted temperature in 3-min heating under different ambient temperatures, certain ranges of power were proposed depending on the infrared radiation power and pothole size. It was found that using high-power heating within the proposed ranges can increase heating efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
Prevalence of Alcohol, Cannabis, and Simultaneous Use Among Drivers in Six States
Authors: Eichelberger Angela
Published: April 2023

As more states legalize cannabis for recreational use, there is a need to understand how cannabis is used with other substances. Combining alcohol and cannabis at the same time is of particular concern, as this combination has been found to worsen driving performance and is associated with riskier behaviors. Telephone interviews were conducted with 3045 adult drivers across six states (Connecticut, Delaware, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia) about their opinions and behaviors related to cannabis use, alcohol use, and driving. The prevalence of past-year drinking ranged from 65% in North Carolina to 75% in New York and Connecticut, past-year cannabis use ranged from 21% in North Carolina and Virginia to 29% in New York, and simultaneous use ranged from 9% in North Carolina to 15% in New York. Across the six states, a large majority of drivers agreed drinking alcohol before driving increases crash risk (95–97%), whereas agreement about whether cannabis use increases crash risk ranged from 63% in North Carolina to 73% in New York. Substance use less than 2 hours before driving was more prevalent for alcohol (17–25%) than for cannabis (8–11%) or both substances (2–5%). Because of the heightened risks associated with the use of alcohol and cannabis together, self-report surveys should include questions about simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis in addition to questions about individual substances. An understanding of how substances are used either alone or in combination can better inform traffic safety programs.
The US in Uterus: A Collaborative Autoethnography of Psychologists Advocating for Reproductive Justice
Authors: Abbott Dena M. , Nguyen Rin , Bohmer Carrie , Myers Millie L. , Boyles Jessica A. , Mercier Caitlin M.
Published: April 2023

In light of the recent Supreme Court decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, millions of people with uteruses have been forced to navigate precarious access to reproductive care. Although health service psychologists have an ethical responsibility to engage in reproductive justice advocacy, training programs often do not adequately address sexual and reproductive health. Therefore, we sought to better understand how health service psychologists’ personal and professional experiences influence each other and explore the ways in which we as reproductive beings and advocates sustain ourselves amidst tremendous sociopolitical uncertainty. In order to do so, we employed a feminist collaborative autoethnography approach grounded in critical theory. Attending to intersectional identities that help shape diverse expectations and experiences, two early career psychologists and four trainees uncovered 12 domains: barriers in academia; reproductive (dis)empowerment; relational connection; power(lessness) associated with social locations; internalization of sex-negative messages; the influence of sociopolitical climate; burdens related to reproductive rights; evaluations of reproductive justice efforts; component of professional identity; expectations from family and community; overwhelming and exhausting advocacy; and fears of inadequacy. We conclude with limitations and implications for the continued promotion of advocacy through practice and training within and beyond the field of psychology.
Hegemony, Quasi-Counterhegemony, and Counterhegemony in Pesticide Use in Latin America With Special Reference to Mexico
Authors: Wilson Tamar Diana
Published: April 2023

In the center of the corporate agricultural regime is the pesticide-industrial complex which is part of the current hegemonic order in the reproduction of capitalism. There are quasi-counterhegemonic movements, however, in the form of Integrated Pest Management and a fully counterhegemonic trend in the form of agroecology. Not only does agroecology as a science and practice eschew the use of pesticides in favor of biological controls developed by Latin American peasants over hundreds of years, but it has become a national and transnational movement led by La Vía Campesina (The Peasant Way) and agroecology has also become institutionalized on both of those levels. I consider cases from Latin America, with an emphasis on Mexico.

JEL Classification: Q1, Q16, Q18, Q19
Impact performance of jute 3D woven auxetic reinforced thermoplastic (PC/PVB) composites
Authors: Ullah Tehseen , Hussain Muzzamal , Ali Mumtaz , Umair Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Inducing auxetic nature is one of the emerging techniques to enhance impact tolerance in 3D woven composites due to their unique bidimensional-energy dissipation capability. The conventional 3D orthogonal structure has inherent auxetic nature; however, such auxeticity is completely restricted due to brittle thermoset resins-based composites. To overcome this problem, three types of 3D woven auxetic structures were developed and used as reinforcement with thermoplastic resins, that is, polycarbonate (PC) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The results revealed that the warp interlock structure showed the highest auxeticity, while the bidirectional interlock structure showed the least auxeticity. Charpy and low-velocity impact tests were performed to evaluate the effect of auxeticity on the impact properties of corresponding composites. Warp interlock with PC showed 49% and 47% higher Charpy impact strength and force, respectively, than bidirectional interlock with PC resin. Similarly, the low-velocity impact test results of warp interlock showed 32% and 32.5% higher impact force and absorbed energy, respectively, in warp direction than bidirectional interlock with PC resin.
Trajectories of Disability and Related Factors in Korean Adults Aged ≥75 years
Authors: Lee Eunyoung , Jun Seong Sook
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to identify distinct trajectories of activities of daily living (ADL) disability in older adults aged ≥75 years over 6 years. A growth mixture model and the multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to identify different disability trajectories and to investigate each trajectory. Four distinct disability trajectories were identified: low, moderate, high, and progressive. Activity restriction due to fear of falling, being underweight, impaired vision, and impaired cognition were highly associated with the progressive groups, compared with the low disability group. Activity restriction due to fear of falling, depression, impaired cognition, and poor subjective health status were associated with moderate and high disability. These findings contribute to increasing the understanding of ADL disability among older adults.