bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of necroptotic patterns and associated immune landscapes in individualized treatment of skin cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Yang Bo , Xie Pan , Huai Hongyu , Li Junpeng
Published: November 2023

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) constitutes a malignant cutaneous neoplasm characterized by an exceedingly unfavorable prognosis. Over the past years, necroptosis, a manifestation of inflammatory programmed cell demise, has gained substantial traction in its application. However, a conclusive correlation between the expression of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) and SKCM patient's prognosis remains elusive. In this endeavor, we have undertaken an integrative analysis of genomic data, aiming to provide an exhaustive evaluation of the intricate interplay between melanoma necroptosis and immune-infiltration nuances within the tumor microenvironment. Through meticulous scrutiny, we have endeavored to discern the prognostic potency harbored by individual necroptosis-associated genes. Our efforts culminated in the establishment of a risk stratification framework, allowing for the appraisal of necroptosis irregularities within each afflicted cutaneous melanoma patient. Notably, those SKCM patients classified within the low-risk cohort exhibited a markedly elevated survival quotient, in stark contrast to their high-risk counterparts (p < 0.001). Remarkably, the low-risk cohort not only displayed a more favorable survival rate but also exhibited an enhanced responsiveness to immunotherapeutic interventions, relative to their high-risk counterparts. The outcomes of this investigation proffer insights into a conceivable mechanistic underpinning linking necroptosis-related attributes to the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment. This prompts a conjecture regarding the plausible association between necroptosis characteristics and the broader tumor microenvironmental milieu. However, it is imperative to emphasize that the pursuit of discerning whether the expression profiles of NRG genes can indeed be regarded as viable therapeutic targets necessitates further comprehensive exploration and scrutiny. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the intricate interrelationship between necroptosis-related factors and the tumor microenvironment, potentially opening avenues for therapeutic interventions. However, the prospect of translating these findings into clinical applications mandates rigorous investigation.
Experimental investigation of laminar and turbulent displacement of residual oil film
Authors: Zhang Yao , Barrouillet Benjamin , Skadsem Hans Joakim
Published: November 2023

Residual oil films on pipe walls are a common occurrence in industrial processes, and their presence can significantly impact system efficiency and performance. However, the mechanisms that govern oil film removal by an immiscible displacing fluid from the internal walls of pipes under different flow regimes, including laminar and turbulent flows, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of displacing fluid flow regime, injected volume, displacement time, and wall shear stress on the efficiency of residual oil film removal in a pipe. We first verified the applicability of our developed oil film measurement method for the use in vertical pipes, and found that gravity did not significantly affect the long-term oil film removal process. We verified that our results from the laminar cases agree with the theoretical thin-film limit scaling under reasonable assumptions of constant shear stress and negligible surface tension. We then examined the displacement efficiency of residual oil film under laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Our experimental results revealed that the onset of turbulence of displacing fluid played an important role in the efficient removal of residual oil film, with an optimal range of Reynolds numbers (7000–8000) when the injected volume of displacing fluid is limited. Furthermore, we explored the combined effect of wall shear stress and displacement time on the displacement process under different turbulent flow regimes. We found that the intermediate turbulent regime was the most efficient for achieving cleaning in a limited time, while the highly turbulent regime proved to be the most effective for achieving complete cleaning over a longer time period. These findings have important implications for oil recovery and pipeline maintenance and provide valuable insights into optimizing the removal of residual oil film in pipes.
Graphene quantum dots blocking the channel egresses of cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP3A4) reveals potential toxicity
Authors: Luo Yuqi , Li Jinjun , Gu Zonglin , Huang Yaoxing
Published: November 2023

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have garnered significant attention, particularly in the biomedical domain. However, extensive research reveals a dichotomy concerning the potential toxicity of GQDs, presenting contrasting outcomes. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of GQD biosafety necessitates a detailed supplementation of their toxicity profile. In this study, employing a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach, we systematically investigate the potential toxicity of GQDs on the CYP3A4 enzyme. We construct two distinct simulation systems, wherein a CYP3A4 protein is enveloped by either GQDs or GOQDs (graphene oxide quantum dots). Our results elucidate that GQDs come into direct contact with the bottleneck residues of Channels 2a and 2b of CYP3A4. Furthermore, GQDs entirely cover the exits of Channels 2a and 2b, implying a significant hindrance posed by GQDs to these channels and consequently leading to toxicity towards CYP3A4. In-depth analysis reveals that the adsorption of GQDs to the exits of Channels 2a and 2b is driven by a synergistic interplay of hydrophobic and van der Waals (vdW) interactions. In contrast, GOQDs only partially obstruct Channel 1 of CYP3A4, indicating a weaker influence on CYP3A4 compared to GQDs. Our findings underscore the potential deleterious impact of GQDs on the CYP3A4 enzyme, providing crucial molecular insights into GQD toxicology.
Utilizing 3-methyl-1-butene co-units to tailor phase transition behavior in butene-1 copolymers
Authors: Shen Jiazheng , Li Wei , Zhao Ruijun , Liu Yingzhuo , Ma Zhe
Published: November 2023

In this work, 3-methyl-1-butene co-monomers were introduced into PB-1 main chain with comparable crystallinities and for phase transition during stretching, the kinetics and orientation pathway show strong dependence on the concentration of co-units.
Toward intrinsic ultra-high-temperature ferromagnetism in a CrAuTe2/graphene heterosystem
Authors: Jia Chaobin , Jin Chao , Shi Puyuan , Su Jingjuan , Zhang Yungeng , Niu Xianghong , Wang Bing
Published: November 2023

Using density functional theory calculations and high-throughput computations, we predict an intrinsic bimetallic FM monolayer, CrAuTe2, which has a large MAE and high TC.
Photo-oxidation of methanol in complexes with pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine: a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study
Authors: Jankowska Joanna , Sobolewski Andrzej L.
Published: November 2023

Excited-state Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) constitutes a key step in the photo-oxidation of small, electron-rich systems possessing acidic hydrogen atoms, such as water or alcohols, which play a vital role in green hydrogen production.
Multiple hydrogen-bonded dimers: are only the frontier atoms relevant?
Authors: Nieuwland Celine , Almacellas David , Veldhuizen Mac M. , de Azevedo Santos Lucas , Poater Jordi , Fonseca Guerra Célia
Published: November 2023

Non-frontier atom exchanges in hydrogen-bonded aromatic dimers can induce significant interaction energy changes (up to 6.5 kcal mol−1), which can only be explained from the charge accumulation in the monomers.
Inconsistency between superstructure stability and long-term cyclability of oxygen redox in Na layered oxides
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhao Chong , Wu Xiang , Hu Chunjing , Geng Fushan , Shen Ming , Hu Bei , Hu Bingwen , Li Chao
Published: November 2023

The preservation of LiTM (i.e., Na–O–Li configurations) determines the cyclability of oxygen redox rather than the stability of the superstructure.
S-doping Fe–Ce composites derived from PBA to accelerate Fe(iii)/Fe(ii) cycle in the Fenton-like process
Authors: Qiu Jinli , Chan Huifang , Zheng Wenting , Feng Yao , Liu Fuqiang
Published: November 2023

S doping promoted the conversion of Fe(iii) to Fe(ii), which greatly improved the performance of the Fenton-like reaction.
Peptide-mediated targeted delivery of SOX9 nanoparticles into astrocytes ameliorates ischemic brain injury
Authors: Shin Hyo Jung , Choi Seung Gyu , Qu Fengrui , Yi Min-Hee , Lee Choong-Hyun , Kim Sang Ryong , Kim Hyeong-Geug , Beom Jaewon , Yi Yoonyoung , Kim Do Kyung , Joe Eun-Hye , Song Hee-Jung , Kim Yonghyun , Kim Dong Woon
Published: November 2023

We describes the development of a poly-lactic-coglycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle-based system for conjugation of targeting peptides to PLGA nanoparticles and delivery of the therapeutic gene SOX9 to damaged astrocytes in a mouse stroke model.
From RAFT emulsion polymerization to RAFT dispersion polymerization: a facile approach to tuning dispersities and behaviors of self-assembled block copolymers
Authors: Cao Junpeng , Li Yanling , Tan Yingxin , Zhang Li , Tan Jianbo
Published: November 2023

We have demonstrated the successful transition from photoinitiated RAFT emulsion polymerization to photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization by solely changing the solvent composition from water to water/ethanol.
In situ construction of core–shell structured cobalt oxide@nickel–cobalt-layered double hydroxide nanorods with abundant oxygen vacancies towards boosting electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Cao Xiao-Man , Liu Di , Sun Zhi-Jia , Zhang Qingguo
Published: November 2023

A facile in situ “growth–conversion–oxidation” strategy is employed to fabricate a core–shell structured CoO@Ov-NiCo LDH with abundant oxygen vacancies, which significantly improves the electrochemical performance.
Total synthesis of (±)-villosin C and (±)-teuvincenone B
Authors: Zhou Jin-Xin , Yan Ming-Jie , Shi Xiao-Yu , Wang Yue-Qi , Shen Hong-Yan , Mao Xu-Dong , Wang Jie
Published: November 2023

Total synthesis of 17(15 → 16)-abeo-abietane diterpenoids (±)-villosin C and (±)-teuvincenone B was accomplished for the first time in 11 steps.
In situ fabrication of an anisotropic double-layer hydrogel as a bio-scaffold for repairing articular cartilage and subchondral bone injuries
Authors: Yu Xiaotian , Deng Zhantao , Li Han , Ma Yuanchen , Zheng Qiujian
Published: November 2023

An anisotropic SA/DECM/agarose double-layer hydrogel is fabricated as a bio-scaffold for the repair of osteochondral injury.
Correction: Nitric oxide/paclitaxel micelles enhance anti-liver cancer effects and paclitaxel sensitivity by inducing ferroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis
Authors: Li Huilan , Deng Xiaoyu , Zhang Ziwei , Yang Zunhua , Huang Hesong , Ye Xide , Zhong Lingyun , Xu Guoliang , Liu Ronghua , Fang Yuanying
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Nitric oxide/paclitaxel micelles enhance anti-liver cancer effects and paclitaxel sensitivity by inducing ferroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis’ by Huilan Li et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 31772–31784, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA04861F.
Enhancing aluminum foil performance in aqueous and organic electrolytes: dual-secure passivation with phthalocyanine as a corrosion inhibitor
Authors: Tekaligne Teshager Mekonnen , Bezabh Hailemariam Kassa , Merso Semaw Kebede , Shitaw Kassie Nigus , Weret Misganaw Adigo , Nikodimos Yosef , Jiang Shi-Kai , Yang Sheng-Chiang , Wang Chia-Hsin , Wu She-Huang , Su Wei-Nien , Hwang Bing Joe
Published: November 2023

The Pc (phthalocyanine) additive prevents Al corrosion by dual-secure mechanisms: electrochemical formation of an AlPc-F layer and physical adsorption of Pc on Al surfaces. Pc contains an N-lone pair, adsorbing on the Al current collector preferentially.
Fast redox conversion in lithium–sulfur batteries enabled by Cu-doped W18O49 with abundant oxygen defects
Authors: Meng Guilin , Dong Guojun , Yang Yanfei , Bi Yingpu , Zhang Junping
Published: November 2023

Abundant oxygen defects in W18O49 nanorods are designed via Cu doping, which can not only provide abundant suspended unsaturated metal atoms but also promote electron transfer, greatly accelerating the redox conversion of LiPS in Li//S batteries.
Origin of electric field-dependent charge generation in organic photovoltaics with planar and bulk heterojunctions
Authors: Nakano Kyohei , Kaji Yumiko , Tajima Keisuke
Published: November 2023

The electric field dependence in the charge generation process of organic solar cells in planar heterojunction and bulk heterojunction structures is related to the energetics and molecular orientation at the donor/acceptor interfaces.
Electromagnetic anisotropic homogeneous model for eddy‐current field in single‐phase wound core
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Li Woyang , Xia Yingyi , Chen Jiawei , Zhang Chenqingyu , Cai Xiaohu , Guo Lei , Wang Dongyang
Published: November 2023

The analysis of the eddy‐current field in the wound core widely used in the field of transformer energy conservation is taken as the theme. Adopting the homogenisation idea to consider the unique geometry of the wound core and features of its equivalent multi‐stage circular cross‐section magnetic boundary, a homogeneous model consisting of a columnar material with continuous homogeneous electromagnetic anisotropy is established by deriving the Maxwell equations of the magnetic quasi‐static field in the columnar coordinate system. Finally, a homogeneous fine element model for the eddy‐current field in the wound core is established and the accuracy of the model has been verified by the test platform. The result shows that the homogeneous model can be effectively used for the analysis of the eddy‐current field in the wound core, and the error of calculating the eddy‐current loss under different excitation conditions is less than 6% under the premise of extremely saving the engineering calculation cost, which will help improve the operational performance of the wound core and contribute to the energy‐saving goal of the high‐voltage equipment.
A comparative analysis of power pulsating buffer architectures for mitigating high‐frequency and low‐frequency ripple in PV microinverter applications
Authors: Dutta Writtik , Reece Connor , Mallik Ayan
Published: November 2023

This study provides a comparative analysis of feasible architectures of Power Pulsating Buffer (PPB) as an actively controlled energy storage solution alternative to the electrolytic capacitors in a single‐stage isolated, single‐phase 120 V AC 60Hz grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) microinverter for a 400 W rated system with 20–40 V input range. The comparison encompasses key factors including energy density, volume reduction, efficiency, frequency operation, and system stability. The findings shed light on the primary advantages and disadvantages of the buck‐ and boost‐derived PPB under study. The results indicate that the boost PPB exhibits enhanced stability, a more compact design, and higher power efficiency compared to the buck PPB. However, for low switching frequency operations, the buck PPB proves to be more effective in mitigating DC port voltage ripple and ensuring controller over microinverter load variation.
Local resolution of currents through electrical joints consisting of materials with different conductivity
Authors: Großer Stephan , Pander Matthias , Zeller Ulli , Jäckel Bengt
Published: November 2023

Within this work the impact of contact materials with higher volume resistivity as leaded solder are investigated in terms of comparability of the current conduction through the joint. An approach was developed to experimentally determine the qualitative local current density by magnetic field imaging (MFI) at ribbon-to-ribbon contact samples. The result reveals that the MFI technique on a symmetric sample design allows the evaluation of the current paths in two-dimensional contact areas. Different resistivities of the contact material result in characteristic differences in current distribution through the joint. Low resistive Sn60Pb40-soldererd contacts exhibit localized current injection whereas the tested contact based on electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) show an extended current flow through the ECA-based contact. A FEM-based simulation model to mimic the used setup was developed and confirmed the results by taking different contact material resistivities into account. For materials with resistivities larger than 1 · 10−3 Ω · cm current injection was found to spread-spatially within the tested contact geometry. Contact material development as well as contact design can benefit from that approach, allowing consumption and material composition optimization. A further advantage is the feasibility of the method to study production failures like inhomogeneous ECA distribution enabling a non-destructive monitoring of process stability and root cause analysis.
Evolution of physico-chemical and mechanical properties of bonded epoxy assemblies during hygrothermal cyclic aging
Authors: Obeid Hassan , Marguet Steven , Hassoune-Rhabbour Bouchra , Mérian Tiphaine , Léonardi Aurélie , Ferrero Jean-François , Welemane Héléne
Published: November 2023

This work investigates the hygrothermal cyclic aging of epoxy-based bonded assemblies. The focus is given here to severe long-term environmental conditions. The aging procedure is performed between 70° C with a relative humidity of 90% and −40° C without humidity, over a cyclic period of 12 h and for a total exposure time of 2 months. The aim of this study is to highlight the consequences of such hygrothermal aging on physico-chemical and mechanical parameters at both the material scale (adhesive) and the structural scale (bonded assemblies). Evolution of water absorption and glass transition temperature with aging cycles are monitored on adhesive bulk specimens by gravimetric analysis and DSC analysis respectively. The evolution of the quasi-static mechanical behavior, strength and elongation at failure, is characterized on adhesive massive specimens and on Single Lap Joint assemblies. Results show a progressive and important degradation of physico-chemical and mechanical properties with the number of cycles, of greater amount than that observed during static aging (loss of SLJ strength by 30% after 56 aging days; loss of the adhesive Tg by 45% for around 5% water uptake after aging 21 days). This behavior is related with an embrittling effect at the adhesive scale very specific to water change of state involved in these aging conditions. This combined analysis at different scales ensures a deep understanding of physico-chemical phenomena induced by hygrothermal aging and provides significant information for the further modeling of bonded joints assemblies.
Der Erfinder der „Triage“ – Dominique-Jean
Larrey (1766–1842), Napoleons oberster
Militärchirurg
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Conradt Regina
Published: November 2023

Dominique-Jean Larrey (1766–1842) war leitender Chirurg der
französischen Armee unter Kaiser Napoleon I. Er ist als Vater der
modernen Militärchirurgie sowie der Entwicklung des
„Triagesystems“ bekannt geworden. Larrey war ein hervorragender
und engagierter Arzt, der nicht nur die eigenen, sondern auch die Soldaten der
gegnerischen Truppen medizinisch versorgt hat. Beim Fehlen einer
zuverlässigen Analgesie und Anästhesie war zu damaliger Zeit die
Geschwindigkeit und das Können das hervorstechendste Merkmal eines
Chirurgen. Gegen den Widerstand der Administration hat Larrey eine
Erstversorgung auf dem Schlachtfeld sowie eine schnelle Bergung der Verwundeten
mithilfe der „fliegenden Ambulanzen“ möglich gemacht. Er
galt als großer Freund der Soldaten.
Youth Injury Knowledge and Beliefs following Neuromuscular Training
Warm-up Implementation in Schools
Authors: McKay Carly D , van den Berg Carla A , Marjoram Rebecca A , Hagel Brent E , Emery Carolyn A
Published: November 2023

Neuromuscular training warm-up programs can reduce injury rates in youth sports,
but they often have poor uptake and adherence. Delivering such programs in
school physical education classes may provide greater public health benefit,
particularly if they promote improved injury knowledge and prevention beliefs
amongst students. The purpose of this secondary analysis of a large
cluster-randomized controlled trial was to understand how students’ (age
11–15 years) knowledge and beliefs change after exposure to an
evidence-informed neuromuscular training warm-up program. Six schools delivered
the program for a 12-week period in the initial study year (n=566) and
two continued to use it in a subsequent “maintenance” year
(n=255). Students completed a knowledge and beliefs questionnaire at
baseline, 6-week, and 12-week timepoints. Knowledge scores ranged from
7/10 to 8/10 at all timepoints and students generally believed
that injuries are preventable. On average, there was less than a one-point
change in knowledge between timepoints and there was no change in the median
belief scores. There were no meaningful differences between sexes, grades, or
previous injury. These findings highlight that knowledge and beliefs are
unlikely to change passively through program exposure. More active strategies
are needed to improve injury prevention perceptions in this population.
Chancen und Hürden einer medikamenten-gestützten
Behandlung Opioidabhängiger im deutschen Maßregelvollzug (MRV)
– ein erster Überblick
Authors: Szonnert Ingo , Hirsch Nils-David , Michels Ingo Ilja , Stöver Heino , Fleißner Simon , Keppler Karlheinz
Published: November 2023

Eine Opioidabhängigkeit ist eine schwere chronisch-rezidivierende
Erkrankung, die eine lebenslange Behandlung erfordern kann. Diese
evidenz-basierte Behandlungsmethode wird nur in sehr geringem Umfang im
Maßregelvollzug angewendet.

Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit den Chancen und Barrieren einer
Opioidsubstitutionstherapie im Maßregelvollzug. Durch
Expert*inneninterviews mit verantwortlichen Mediziner*innen aus
Maßregelvollzugkliniken aus zehn Bundesländern in Deutschland
und einer anschließenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz
werden Chancen und Barrieren einer Opioidsubstitutionstherapie dargestellt. Die
Ergebnisse zeigen Implementierungsprobleme und Lösungsvorschläge
in den drei Themengebieten (a) Institutionelle / Strukturelle Barrieren,
(b) Einstellungen des Fachpersonals und (c) Patient*innenbezogene
Barrieren. Zudem wird die Substitutionstherapie regional sehr unterschiedlich
bewertet.
Expansion of Genetic Alphabets: Designer Nucleobases and Their Applications
Authors: Bag S. S. , Banerjee A. , Sinha S.
Published: November 2023

All living things use DNA and RNA to store, retrieve, and transmit their genetic information. The complementary Watson–Crick nucleobase-pairs (A/T and G/C base-pairs), have been documented for years as being essential for the integrity of the DNA double helix and also for replication and transcription. With only four poorly fluorescent naturally occurring nucleic acid bases (namely A, G, T/U, and C), the extraction of genetic information is difficult. Further, the chemical diversity of DNA and RNA is severely limited. Deoxyribose/ribose-phosphate backbones also constrain DNA and RNA characteristics and have poor chemical and physiological stability, which significantly restricts the practical applications of DNA and RNA. Over the years, extensively modified nucleobase pairs with novel base-pairing properties have been synthesized. Such designer nucleobases, serving as an expanded genetic alphabet, have been used for the design and synthesis of DNA and RNA analogues with tailored informational/functional properties. Recent developments in the production of synthetic unnatural base pairs pave the way for xenobiology research and genetic alphabet expansion technology. In this review, we present a brief history of the development of several hydrogen- and non-hydrogen-bonded unnatural base pairs and their applications. We also highlight our work in designing and synthesizing a new class of triazolyl unnatural nucleosides that offer a unique charge-transfer (CT) complexation force towards stabilizing DNA-duplexes when incorporated into short oligonucleotide sequences.
Visible-Light-Mediated Selective Allylic C–H Oxygenation of Cycloalkenes
Authors: Rohlfs Tabea , Gerken Leon , Alemán José , Mancheño Olga García , Nova-Fernández Jose L. , Malagón Sara , Uygur Mustafa , Cabrera Silvia
Published: November 2023

A visible-light-mediated selective allylic C–H bond oxygenation of cyclic olefins is presented. Hence, the selective, mild monooxygenation of simple cycloalkenes has been achieved using an acridinium photoredox catalyst in combination with a phosphate base and a disulfide HAT reagent under air atmosphere at room temperature. The combination of both photocatalyst and HAT reagent, which can operate through a single or two different concurrent mechanistic pathways for the formation of the allyl radical, proved highly efficient, while the reaction with exclusively one or the other mediator performs in significantly lower yields. The formed allyl radical further reacts with a molecule of oxygen to build the corresponding peroxyradical that can abstract a hydrogen atom of another cycloalkene substrate, generating the known hydroperoxide intermediate in the formation of the ketone moiety. The advantages of this method rely on the easy use of air as oxygen source, as well as the selective monooxygenation of cycloalkenes without substitution in one of the allylic positions. Besides simple cyclic olefins, the method was also successfully applied in the oxidation of natural products such as the terpene valencene or cholesterol derivatives.
Graphene nanocomposites for real-time electrochemical sensing of nitric oxide in biological systems
Authors: Tabish Tanveer A. , Zhu Yangzhi , Shukla Shubhangi , Kadian Sachin , Sangha Gurneet S. , Lygate Craig A. , Narayan Roger J.
Published: November 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays many pivotal roles impacting almost every organ function in mammalian physiology, most notably in cardiovascular homeostasis, inflammation, and neurological regulation. Consequently, the ability to make real-time and continuous measurements of NO is a prerequisite research tool to understand fundamental biology in health and disease. Despite considerable success in the electrochemical sensing of NO, challenges remain to optimize rapid and highly sensitive detection, without interference from other species, in both cultured cells and in vivo. Achieving these goals depends on the choice of electrode material and the electrode surface modification, with graphene nanostructures recently reported to enhance the electrocatalytic detection of NO. Due to its single-atom thickness, high specific surface area, and highest electron mobility, graphene holds promise for electrochemical sensing of NO with unprecedented sensitivity and specificity even at sub-nanomolar concentrations. The non-covalent functionalization of graphene through supermolecular interactions, including π–π stacking and electrostatic interaction, facilitates the successful immobilization of other high electrolytic materials and heme biomolecules on graphene while maintaining the structural integrity and morphology of graphene sheets. Such nanocomposites have been optimized for the highly sensitive and specific detection of NO under physiologically relevant conditions. In this review, we examine the building blocks of these graphene-based electrochemical sensors, including the conjugation of different electrolytic materials and biomolecules on graphene, and sensing mechanisms, by reflecting on the recent developments in materials and engineering for real-time detection of NO in biological systems.
Multicaloric strategy to manipulate optimal operating temperature window: An experimental study on (Ni43Mn47Sn10)99.5Tb0.5 via a direct method
Authors: Qian Hanyang , Wei Zhiyang , Li Guowei , Liu Jian
Published: November 2023

Multicaloric effect refers to a thermal response of materials driven by multiple external fields. In this work, we explore the possibility by adopting multicaloric strategy to improve the transformation reversibility and manipulate the optimal operating temperature window in (Ni43Mn47Sn10)99.5Tb0.5 using a bespoke multicaloric effect characterization system. It is found that the reversibility of stress induced transformation could be significantly improved with the application of an extra magnetic field. More importantly, the operating temperature window of elastocaloric effect is shifted by ∼4 K to the lower temperature by applying a magnetic field of 4 T. Our experimental results reveal that such a dual-field multicaloric strategy is feasible and promising for improving the transformation reversibility and tuning the optimal operating temperature window for alloys with a magnetostructural transformation.
How does the presence of an oleic phase influence salt transport during polymer-enhanced low-salinity waterflooding?
Authors: Darvish Sarvestani Arman , Mahani Hassan , Rostami Behzad
Published: November 2023

Our preceding single-phase experiments demonstrated that polymer enhanced low-salinity waterflooding (PELS) can significantly reduce salt dispersion and improves low-salinity waterflooding (LSWF) performance. In this paper, we extended the research to two-phase fluid flow conditions in the presence of an oleic phase. To assess this quantitatively, a series of two-phase coreflooding experiments using artificial cores were conducted. To eliminate the impact of fluid–fluid and rock–fluid interactions associated with LSWF on salt dispersion, a model, non-polar oleic phase was chosen. The salinity breakthrough results of two-phase corefloods were interpreted using a non-Fickian model based on the Mobile-Immobile Model to infer salt dispersion coefficient. The impact of Partially-Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) concentration, injection rate, salinity difference, and flooding mode (secondary or tertiary) on salt transport and dispersion through porous media were studied. The results revealed an increase in the salt dispersion coefficient under two-phase conditions by as much as sixfold; taking significantly larger times to displace the high salinity brine. Thus, the optimal HPAM concentration required to effectively suppress mixing was found to be twice (∼400 ppm) as much under the single-phase flow. Reduction of salinity difference also resulted in the reduction of the salt dispersion coefficient by 32%. Moreover, it was observed that in tertiary mode injection where the starting water saturation of the core is higher due to a prior high salinity flooding, the salt dispersion can be increased by more than 21%. These new two-phase results and insights support the possibility of mixing-control under two-phase condition by using PELS and provides a solution to facilitate field implementation.
Morphology and symmetry driven by lattice accommodation in polycrystalline bcc–fcc core–shell metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Ponchet A. , Tarrat N. , Hungria T. , Benoit M. , Casanove M.-J. , Benzo P.
Published: November 2023

Body-centered-cubic–face-centered-cubic (bcc–fcc) multi-metallic nanoparticles (NPs) associating a single-crystal core (Fe, FeCo alloys, etc.) with a polycrystalline noble metal shell (Au, AuAg alloys, etc.) are perfectly symmetrical or more irregular, even dramatically dissymmetrical, yet presenting a good crystalline organization. Here, a combination of experimental analysis and theoretical symmetry analysis is proposed, in order to provide a unified description of the observed morphologies (Fe–Au and Fe–AuAg systems), whatever their symmetry, and predict some morphology variability in a population of NPs. First, the central role of the crystal lattice accommodation is comprehensively analyzed from the experimental Fe–AuAg system. The two possible bcc–fcc epitaxial relationships generate a core–shell interface in the shape of a truncated rhombic dodecahedron. This results in two different types of grains in the shell, which are elastically accommodated between them by an equal distribution of twins and low-angle grain boundaries, however, at the cost of internal stresses. At the same time, symmetry breaking results from two possible growth variants originating from the Nishiyama–Wasserman epitaxial relationships. The shell grains fit together in a nanopuzzle-like organization, resulting in a large number of possible arrangements distributed in 13 different point groups of symmetry, all of lower order than the core symmetry (highest order of cubic symmetry). If the variants are randomly distributed, the probability for the NP to be asymmetric (group 1) is 80%. The dissymmetrical development of the NPs is then discussed. Extending this approach to other core shapes succeeds in predicting dissymmetrical or dramatically off-centered morphologies experimentally observed in Fe–Au NPs.
Matrix elements of SO(3) in sl3 representations as bispectral multivariate functions
Authors: Crampé Nicolas , Gaboriaud Julien , Poulain d’Andecy Loïc , Vinet Luc
Published: November 2023

We compute the matrix elements of SO(3) in any finite-dimensional irreducible representation of sl3. They are expressed in terms of a double sum of products of Krawtchouk and Racah polynomials which generalize the Griffiths–Krawtchouk polynomials. Their recurrence and difference relations are obtained as byproducts of our construction. The proof is based on the decomposition of a general three-dimensional rotation in terms of elementary planar rotations and a transition between two embeddings of sl2 in sl3. The former is related to monovariate Krawtchouk polynomials and the latter, to monovariate Racah polynomials. The appearance of Racah polynomials in this context is algebraically explained by showing that the two sl2 Casimir elements related to the two embeddings of sl2 in sl3 obey the Racah algebra relations. We also show that these two elements generate the centralizer in U(sl3) of the Cartan subalgebra and its complete algebraic description is given.
Engineering lattice oxygen defects and polaronic transport in vanadium pentoxide via isovalent phosphorus doping
Authors: Sarkar Tathagata , Majumder Saptak , Biswas Soumya , Rose Sona S. , Kamble Vinayak
Published: November 2023

Oxygen vacancies are equilibrium defects in the vanadium pentoxide system that give rise to polaronic hopping transport via V4+ charge compensating defect. In this paper, we report the tunability of polaron formation, the hopping process, and their magnetic signature by substitution of isovalent (5+) phosphorus ions in the V5+ site. The powder x-ray diffraction data show a monotonous shift in lattice parameters with progressive P-doping, confirming the presence of a substitutional dopant. The polaron hopping energy reduced from 0.307 to 0.290 eV depicting a lower defect concentration in P-doping in V2O5. At low temperatures, it is found to obey the Efros–Shklovskii variable range hopping mechanism. The estimated hopping range increased to 1.6 ± 0.1 nm in doped V2O5 in contrast to ∼1.3 nm in the undoped one. The electron spin resonance measurements show a diminishing broad ferromagnetic signal and rising paramagnetic signal (g = 1.97) with progressive P-doping depicting predominant isolated electronic spins in the doped sample. The same is corroborated in room temperature M–H with a distinct hysteresis that diminishes with P-doping and a rise of a paramagnetic slope. Moreover, the reduced oxygen defects and lower V4+ relative occupancy together with fermi level fall toward intrinsic position are substantiated by photoelectron emission studies.
An analytical solution for convective heat transfer in conical gaps with either cone or disk rotating
Authors: Shevchuk Igor V.
Published: November 2023

This study is devoted to solving two problems of laminar fluid flow in a conical gap with small conicity angles up to 4°: cone rotation with a fixed disk, and disk rotation with a fixed cone. A new improved asymptotic expansion method for energy equation was used to obtain an approximate analytical solution to the convective heat transfer equation. The characteristic Reynolds number ranged from 0.001 to 1.0, the Prandtl number took values 0.71, 1, 5, and 10, and the exponent n* in the power-law for the disk temperature was 0 (constant disk temperature) or 2 (strongly radially increasing disk temperature). A novel model for the asymptotic expansion of the temperature profile and a novel expansion parameter Sv = Re2Pr, which is a new dimensionless number proposed for the first time in the known scientific literature, was developed. For the first time, new approximate analytical solutions were obtained for temperature profiles and Nusselt numbers on the disk and cone for both problems that agree well with the self-similar solution, if the Re and Pr numbers do not exceed threshold values. These analytical solutions are advantageous in analysis of experimental data and further development of one-dimensional models for gases, water, and aqueous solutions (Pr = 0.71–10).
Changes in morphological traits associated with waterlogging, salinity and saline waterlogging in Festuca arundinacea
Authors: Menon-Martínez Federico Emanuel , Grimoldi Agustín Alberto , Striker Gustavo Gabriel , Di Bella Carla Estefania
Published: November 2023

Rising incidences of waterlogging and salinity, particularly in extensive livestock farming areas, pose increasing challenges to plant growth. This study investigated the morphological growth responses and tolerance of 39 Festuca arundinacea accessions to these stresses, with tolerance quantified by the relative growth rate under stress versus control conditions. Notably, more productive accessions under normal conditions also showed greater stress tolerance. Waterlogging was generally well-tolerated (89–113% of control relative growth rate), without significantly altering growth morphological components as increases in specific leaf area were offset by reductions in leaf weight ratio, maintaining stable leaf area ratios. Conversely, salinity and combined saline waterlogging significantly reduced relative growth rate (56–94% of control), with a substantial variation among accessions. A decrease in specific leaf area, suggestive of thicker leaves, correlated with higher tolerance to salinity and saline waterlogging (r = 0.63). In summary, F. arundinacea displays diverse tolerance to these stresses, warranting further study into the adaptive mechanisms. Specific leaf area emerges as a potential selection marker for breeding programs targeting saline and waterlogging tolerance.
A gain-of-function HCN4 mutant in the HCN domain is responsible for inappropriate sinus tachycardia in a Spanish family
Authors: Cámara-Checa Anabel , Perin Francesca , Rubio-Alarcón Marcos , Dago María , Crespo-García Teresa , Rapún Josu , Marín María , Cebrián Jorge , Gómez Ricardo , Bermúdez-Jiménez Francisco , Monserrat Lorenzo , Tamargo Juan , Caballero Ricardo , Jiménez-Jáimez Juan , Delpón Eva
Published: November 2023

In a family with inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST), we identified a mutation (p.V240M) of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated type 4 (HCN4) channel, which contributes to the pacemaker current (I
f
) in human sinoatrial node cells. Here, we clinically study fifteen family members and functionally analyze the p.V240M variant. Macroscopic (I
HCN4
) and single-channel currents were recorded using patch-clamp in cells expressing human native (WT) and/or p.V240M HCN4 channels. All p.V240M mutation carriers exhibited IST that was accompanied by cardiomyopathy in adults. I
HCN4
generated by p.V240M channels either alone or in combination with WT was significantly greater than that generated by WT channels alone. The variant, which lies in the N-terminal HCN domain, increased the single-channel conductance and opening frequency and probability of HCN4 channels. Conversely, it did not modify the channel sensitivity for cAMP and ivabradine or the level of expression at the membrane. Treatment with ivabradine based on functional data reversed the IST and the cardiomyopathy of the carriers. In computer simulations, the p.V240M gain-of-function variant increases I
f
and beating rate and thus explains the IST of the carriers. The results demonstrate the importance of the unique HCN domain in HCN4, which stabilizes the channels in the closed state.
Propulsive cell entry diverts pathogens from immune degradation by remodeling the phagocytic synapse
Authors: Zhang Zihan , Gaetjens Thomas K. , Ou Jin , Zhou Qiong , Yu Yanqi , Mallory D. Paul , Abel Steven M. , Yu Yan
Published: November 2023

Phagocytosis is a critical immune function for infection control and tissue homeostasis. During phagocytosis, pathogens are internalized and degraded in phagolysosomes. For pathogens that evade immune degradation, the prevailing view is that virulence factors are required to disrupt the biogenesis of phagolysosomes. In contrast, we present here that physical forces from motile pathogens during cell entry divert them away from the canonical degradative pathway. This altered fate begins with the force-induced remodeling of the phagocytic synapse formation. We used the parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
as a model because live
Toxoplasma
actively invades host cells using gliding motility. To differentiate the effects of physical forces from virulence factors in phagocytosis, we employed magnetic forces to induce propulsive entry of inactivated
Toxoplasma
into macrophages. Experiments and computer simulations show that large propulsive forces hinder productive activation of receptors by preventing their spatial segregation from phosphatases at the phagocytic synapse. Consequently, the inactivated parasites are engulfed into vacuoles that fail to mature into degradative units, similar to the live motile parasite’s intracellular pathway. Using yeast cells and opsonized beads, we confirmed that this mechanism is general, not specific to the parasite used. These results reveal new aspects of immune evasion by demonstrating how physical forces during active cell entry, independent of virulence factors, enable pathogens to circumvent phagolysosomal degradation.
RNA-binding motif protein 10 inactivates c-Myc by partnering with ribosomal proteins uL18 and uL5
Authors: Lee Hyemin , Jung Ji Hoon , Ko Hyun Min , Park Heewon , Segall Allyson M. , Sheffmaker Roger L. , Wang Jieqiong , Frey Wesley D. , Pham Nathan , Wang Yongbo , Zhang Yiwei , Jackson James G. , Zeng Shelya X. , Lu Hua
Published: November 2023

RNA-binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) is a frequently mutated tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Yet, it remains unknown whether cancer-derived mutant RBM10 compromises its tumor suppression function and, if so, the molecular insight of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that wild-type RBM10 suppresses lung cancer cell growth and proliferation by inactivating c-Myc that is essential for cancer cell survival. RBM10 directly binds to c-Myc and promotes c-Myc’s ubiquitin-dependent degradation, while RBM10 knockdown leads to the induction of c-Myc level and activity. This negative action on c-Myc is further boosted by ribosomal proteins (RPs) uL18 (RPL5) and uL5 (RPL11) via their direct binding to RBM10. Cancer-derived mutant RBM10-I316F fails to bind to uL18 and uL5 and to inactivate c-Myc, thus incapable of suppressing tumorigenesis. Our findings uncover RBM10 as a pivotal c-Myc repressor by cooperating with uL18 and uL5 in lung cancer cells, as its failure to do so upon mutation favors tumorigenesis.
Dental caries and oral health-related quality of life in Preschoolers – introducing the Swedish version of the early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS)
Authors: Sabel Nina , Ylander Lisa Olivia , Ståhlberg Sandra Elizabeth , Robertson Agneta
Published: November 2023

Objective: Experience of caries has a clearly negative impact on the quality of life in preschool children. The instrument Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) measures the oral health-related quality of life in preschool children (Child Impact Section) and their families (Family Impact Section). The aims of the study were to develop a Swedish version of ECOHIS and to evaluate the instrument’s reliability, validity, and internal consistency. Additionally, to analyse the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among preschool children who have experienced caries.
Methods: The original ECOHIS questionnaire was translated into Swedish. Caregivers of preschool children aged 2–5 years were recruited at dental clinics in Sweden, to participate in the study and answer the Swedish version of the ECOHIS (S-ECOHIS). The internal consistency and reliability were assessed by using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. In order to measure the consistency of the study, the questionnaire was re-tested two weeks later for 10 of the caregivers and assessed by using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). The results from S-ECOHIS were described as descriptive data and independent t-test was performed. All data were calculated using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).
Results: S-ECOHIS was developed by translating the original English version using a double-blinded technique. A total of 274 caregivers participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.84 for S-ECOHIS, 0.83 for CIS, and 0.66 for FIS. The ICCwas 0.95 for the test-retest of S-ECOHIS. Among the respondents, 117 (43%) had children diagnosed with caries, while 157 (57%) had children without caries. The children with caries reported a higher total score of 5.97 (SD 6.16) of S-ECOHIS, compared to the score of the non-caries children 0.77 (SD 1.38) (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The Swedish version of ECOHIS that was developed demonstrates good validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency. The findings show that the oral health-related quality of life is adversely affected in preschool children with caries, with particular vulnerability observed among children with untreated caries. These results indicate that S-ECOHISis suitable for use in future clinical and research endeavors.
Abbreviations: S- ECOHIS: Swedish version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale; OHRQoL: Oral Health-Related Quality of Life; ICC: Intraclass correlation coefficient; CIS: Children Impact Section; FIS: Family Impact Section
Nedd4-2-dependent regulation of astrocytic Kir4.1 and Connexin43 controls neuronal network activity
Authors: Altas Bekir , Rhee Hong-Jun , Ju Anes , Solís Hugo Cruces , Karaca Samir , Winchenbach Jan , Kaplan-Arabaci Oykum , Schwark Manuela , Ambrozkiewicz Mateusz C. , Lee ChungKu , Spieth Lena , Wieser Georg L. , Chaugule Viduth K. , Majoul Irina , Hassan Mohamed A. , Goel Rashi , Wojcik Sonja M. , Koganezawa Noriko , Hanamura Kenji , Rotin Daniela , Pichler Andrea , Mitkovski Miso , de Hoz Livia , Poulopoulos Alexandros , Urlaub Henning , Jahn Olaf , Saher Gesine , Brose Nils , Rhee JeongSeop , Kawabe Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

Nedd4-2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase in which missense mutation is related to familial epilepsy, indicating its critical role in regulating neuronal network activity. However, Nedd4-2 substrates involved in neuronal network function have yet to be identified. Using mouse lines lacking Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2, we identified astrocytic channel proteins inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 (Kir4.1) and Connexin43 as Nedd4-2 substrates. We found that the expression of Kir4.1 and Connexin43 is increased upon conditional deletion of Nedd4-2 in astrocytes, leading to an elevation of astrocytic membrane ion permeability and gap junction activity, with a consequent reduction of γ-oscillatory neuronal network activity. Interestingly, our biochemical data demonstrate that missense mutations found in familial epileptic patients produce gain-of-function of the Nedd4-2 gene product. Our data reveal a process of coordinated astrocytic ion channel proteostasis that controls astrocyte function and astrocyte-dependent neuronal network activity and elucidate a potential mechanism by which aberrant Nedd4-2 function leads to epilepsy.