bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geotechnical properties of unprocessed soil from abandoned Mamut mine in Sabah, Borneo
Authors: Makinda J , Kassim K A , Siong C C , Zango M U , Muhammed A S
Published: April 2021

The issue related to the geotechnical stability of land mining area in Malaysia had become more critical after a strong earthquake struck Sabah, Borneo in 2015 centred in Ranau District where Mamut copper mine is located. As part of safety assessment and future planning, knowledge of soil characteristics in this risky area is necessary. This paper presents some findings on geotechnical properties of unprocessed soil obtained from the abandoned mine. Results found that Mamut soil can be classified as SW and has higher coarse-grained percentage (97.4%) compared to other copper mines elsewhere. The soil also has higher permeability (3.61 x 10−3 m/s), lower organic content (0.15%), lower pH (4.53), higher specific gravity (2.75) and higher maximum dry density (1780 kg/m3). Mamut soil is found to be cohesionless, while the angle of friction shows a variation with the relative compaction. Chemical analysis shows that SiO2 and C12H10MgO6S2 are the two predominant compounds of the soil. Morphologically, Mamut soil appears to be composed of powdered and hardened particles with dark brown colour. They contain higher amount of irregular-shaped particles but well-rounded and spherical shapes are also observed. Smooth surfaces with no agglomeration between particles indicates that the strength value of the soil is low due to the weak bonding between the loose grain structure. These findings suggest that Mamut soil is suitable for chemical stabilisation or remediation method such as microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP).
Measurement analysis of the level of household preparedness for facing landslide in Bogor regency
Authors: Saputra P D , Rahmawati C , Purnomo K S H , Larosa E , Nurhasanah
Published: April 2021

There are so many areas in Indonesia that are prone to landslides. Bogor is the regency with the most frequent landslides. Therefore, high community preparedness is needed to deal with the landslide, especially at the household level because it is the spearhead of preparedness and influence disaster risk. The objective of this research is to measure and analyze the level of household preparedness for facing landslide. The location of this research is in Cibadak Village, Bogor regency where a landslide disaster had happened. This is a quantitative research. The number of the samples were 100 household. Data collection was done by surveying samples and distributing questionnaires. The data would be analyzed with descriptive analysis, and the results of level of household preparedness would be categorized to five levels which were very prepared (80-100), prepared (65-79), almost prepared (55-64), less prepared (40-54), and not prepared (0-39). The results of the research are the average index value of Knowledge and Attitude (KA) parameter is 66.77, Emergency Planning (EP) parameter is 52.24, Warning System (WS) parameter is 64.80, Resources Mobilization Capacity (RMC) parameter is 51.25 and the level of household preparedness for facing landslide is 59.26 or and it is significant at the almost prepared level.
The development of the model of influence of sociodemographic characteristics and disaster experience toward household preparedness for facing landslide in Bogor regency
Authors: Saputra P D , Rahmawati C , Karuniakhalida P , Purnomo K S H , Larosa E
Published: April 2021

Indonesia has a high tendency of having landslides. Bogor is one of regency which is very prone to landslide disaster due to high rainfall. Landslides are a very dangerous threat to public safety. The preparedness can build disaster resilient communities that can support the national resilience. Sociodemographic characteristic and disaster experience are determining factors for the success of preparedness. The purpose of this research is to develop a model of the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and disaster experience toward household preparedness for facing landslide. This research is done in Cibadak Village, Sukamakmur Bogor. This research uses a quantitative approach with 100 sample of households. Multiple linear regression technique is used for analyzing the model. The results of the research showed that household preparedness is significantly influenced by sociodemographic characteristics which is education (p = 0.000), meanwhile age, income and the number of family member don’t significantly influence. Beside that the household preparedness is also greatly influenced by disaster experience too (p = 0.000). Education influence on household preparedness for facing landslide as much as 38.81% and the disaster experience is 52.85%.
Investigation the effect of central openings in the web on the behaviour of the plate girders
Authors: Al-Mazini M A , Alhamaidah A , Zewair M S
Published: April 2021

The effect of web openings in steel girders were investigated experimentally by testing six girders under two point loads with circular, square and rectangular opening webs. The last girder was a plate girder with a solid web; however, similar dimensions were used for all girders. Results of experimental work revealed that girders’ critical buckling decreased with increases in openings sizes, also depending upon the shape of the opening. Also, theoretical equations were initiated due to elastic local buckling and compared with experimental. Both experimental and analytical work was adopted to carry out the numerical investigations of the structural response of the girders with different shape of holes by using ANSYS (version 12.0). SHELL 181 was utilized to create the steel plate. Finite element model adopted though out the parametric study to investigate the critical buckling of plate girder with different web width ratios and slenderness ratios to determine the effects of changing size and shape for different web width and slenderness ratio.
Climate-smart agriculture: Mitigation of landslides and increasing of farmers’ household food security
Authors: Jumiyati S , Hadid A , Toknok B , Nurdin R , Paramitha T A
Published: April 2021

The application of the Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) concept is an effort to improve food security as well as mitigate landslides in watershed areas. This study aims to determine the coefficient value of runoff that can cause landslides, risk criteria, and the level of vulnerability in the event of landslides as well as the criteria for household food security of farmers. The results showed that farmers who diversify tree crops (cacao) and food crops (cassava and sweet potato) can reduce the risk and vulnerability of landslides as well as improve the household food security conditions of farmers. Soil and water conservation through an agro-ecosystem approach can increase food production, farmer income, job opportunities, and the quality of community nutrition as well as the welfare and food security of farmer households around the forest.
Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with high strength material layer in compression zone
Authors: Thamrin R , Kurniawan R , Yunas B , Arifky I
Published: April 2021

The flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with high strength material layers in the compression zone was observed. The compression zone of the beams was filled with high strength material to increase the ductility of the beams. Three control beams and three beams with high strength compression layer were tested until failure. The tested beams were simply supported and loaded with a four-point bending mechanism. The test variable in this study was the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement (1%, 1.5%, and 2.5%). The test results show that the ductility of beams with high strength material in the compression zone is significantly higher than the control beams. However, the flexural capacity of beams with high strength materials is almost the same as the control beam. Theoretical prediction using finite element analysis also confirms that beams with high strength material in the compression zone show higher ductility.
Urban poverty response management during pandemic using geographic information system
Authors: Hamim S A , Usman F , Gumano H N , Jamil F
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 pandemic had influenced various aspects of community activities such as health, education and socio-economic. The effect of economic activities had caused many people to experience a decrease in income and loss of work due to the laid-off of informal workers. Overall, this unprecedented situation had led to an increase in the new poverty rate. In Palembang, based on the Non–DTKS (Integrated Social Welfare Data) data, the number of new poor affected by COVID-19 pandemic was 30,765 people. Therefore, the new poor needed to be responded immediately, and the aid distribution needed to be followed up. This paper presents the development of a web-based operation dashboard in Geographic Information System to map the distribution of people categorized in poverty and new poor affected by the pandemic. The operational dashboard functioned as aid distribution activity monitoring. The type of aid, the number of people receiving the aid was recorded using the geo-tagging capabilities. By having this system, the community centres set up by the sub-district office would have an operational dashboard to monitor activities and examining the aid distribution.
Mobilization of social capital during post Haiyan in the two municipalities of Leyte Province, Philippines
Authors: Era M D L
Published: April 2021

The paper describes how social capital has facilitated and hindered the disaster recovery of selected community residents of the municipalities of Tolosa and Dulag in Leyte Province who were victims of Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. A survey was conducted using questionnaire to 201 male and female respondents, on how they were able to utilize social capital in order to rebuild their lives, of their families and communities. The study revealed that the weak social capital displayed by the community could partly explain that the respondents felt moderate satisfaction with their state of recovery such as having more permanent and stable housing and livelihood. Having stronger social capital could possibly increase levels of satisfaction among the community residents of Tolosa and Dulag and improve their overall recovery and resilience by building back better.
Applications of deep mixing technology for mitigating earth-quake disaster in Urban Area
Authors: Kitazume M
Published: April 2021

Many earthquakes take place every year in Japan, in which the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake induced both a humanitarian crisis and massive economic impacts. As liquefaction, which occurs in a loose and saturated sand layer, induces quite large damages of infrastructures, the importance of liquefaction mitigation has been emphasized to minimize earthquake disasters for many years. Many kinds of ground improvement techniques based on various improvement principles have been developed for earthquake disaster mitigation. Among them, the deep mixing technology has been often applied to liquefaction mitigation. In the techniques, in-situ soil is mixed with binder by several types of methods: mechanical mixing, high pressure injection mixing and combined mixing. The high applicability of the method was confirmed in several earthquakes, including the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake. In this paper, the outline of the deep mixing method and some applications of the deep mixing method to earthquake disaster mitigation are briefly introduced.
From soft soil modelling to engineering application
Authors: Karstunen Minna
Published: April 2021

Soft soil engineering is still a challenge, in particular when we increasingly need to construct on densely populated urban areas next to existing structures, and need to deal with the effects of climate change. The paper discusses the systematic research by the author and her co-workers in the last 20 years that has resulted in the development and validation of advanced soil models, specifically geared for Scandinavian soft soil conditions. The culmination of this research is Creep-SCLAY1S, a rate dependent anisotropic model, which is backed by hierarchical development and systematic validation. Some recent examples of engineering applications where the model was used are are highlighted, in addition to the parameter determination and calibration.
Laboratory evaluation of electrokinetic dewatering of dredged marine sediment as an option for climate change adaption
Authors: Malekzadeh M , Sivakugan N
Published: April 2021

The climate change affects the coastal infrastructure including ports. This effect is through changes in the tides, waves, wind and coastal erosion. As a result, sedimentation in harbours and coastal area increases and therefore there is a need for more regular dredging as well as adaption to climate change to reduce the vulnerability. More frequent dredging means higher amount of dredging sediments need to be disposed or treated. One of the methods to be proposed to reduce the impact of high amount of dredging and reducing the environmental wastes as a by-product of dredging is to reuse or reproduce the dredged sediments. Electrokinetic stabilization is one of the environmentally friendly methods to dewater and strengthen the engineering properties of the soils and dredged sediments. This study investigates the effect of electrokinetic stabilization to improve the engineering properties of the dredged mud as an alternative option to reduce the environmental impact and use of a sustainable method for climate change adaption. Two laboratory designs are tested to determine the most efficient electrokinetic dewatering configuration and to examine the potential use of this method for dewatering and improving dredged mud. Electrokinetic stabilization is a promising method to dewater and expedite the settlement of the dredged marine sediments. However, the placement of electrodes can affect the power consumption and the efficiency of the technique and the resistivity of the soil. Some studies in the literature determine the best electrode configuration to optimize the electrokinetic stabilization. However, a few studies examined the electrode placement for electrokinetic dewatering and sedimentation. This study investigates the effect of electrode placement based on the efficiency of the method depending on power consumption versus dewatering, soil electrical resistivity, the settlement of the sediments, and treatment time. To reduce the energy expenditure first a constant voltage of 20 V is applied and the variation of electric current during the electrokinetic stabilization is monitored. Once the electric current approached zero, the voltage is increased to 30 V. Using constant voltage for both cases of electrode placement (anode on top, cathode at the bottom; anode at the bottom, cathode on top), it was observed that higher efficiency based on dewatering and power consumption is obtained when the cathode is placed on top.
Laboratory and field investigation of cement-stabilized organic soil near flood-prone area
Authors: Gerlach Christopher , Trads Niels , Petersen Jesper
Published: April 2021

Cement stabilization of very high plasticity organic soils (gyttja) near flood-prone areas, is a key to constructing water-retaining structures with optimized foundation works. The company Geo has documented the strength of cement stabilized gyttja samples from the area Jyllinge Nordmark in Denmark, for Keller Funderingsteknik Danmark ApS, who have carried out the stabilization. The strength was determined by Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests, with support of Consolidated Undrained Triaxial (CU) tests and field vane tests to determine undrained shear strength of the stabilized soil. In the laboratory, specimens were prepared with five different cement contents (60, 80, 100, 125, 150 kg/m3) and the strength determined after curing times of 7, 28 and 91 days. To document the in-situ strength and correlate laboratory and in-situ measurements, two UCS tests and three undrained triaxial tests were carried out on intact specimens taken from the cement stabilized soil. The investigation showed a good correlation between cement content, water content, curing time and compressive strength. Further, comparison with similar tests from Sweden, where cement stabilization is a far more common method, shows good correlation to the Jyllinge Nordmark results.
Suction measurement in freezing soils using pore pressure transducers
Authors: Bansal T , Knutsson S , Laue J
Published: April 2021

Frost heave is major problem for infrastructures build in cold regions. Frost heave occurs due to suction (negative pore water pressure) generated due to the freezing process close to the frost line, i.e., at the frozen fringe. To understand and predict these negative pore water pressures is a key factor to accurately calculate the segregation heave, i.e. heave related to the formation of ice lenses. Segregation heave is the major part of the total heave and also the most challenging to predict. Many attempts have been presented in literature where the generated suction during freezing is related to temperatures, temperature gradients, grain size of the freezing soil etc. Very few laboratory tests have been presented in which the actual suction is measured during the ice lens formation process and compared with theoretical estimations. One reason is that these measurements are challenging. This paper presents results from laboratory measurements of generated suction during freezing. Laboratory tests were conducted on a silty soil sample and suction was measured at the frozen fringe using small pore pressure transducers (PPT’s). The samples were subjected to one-dimensional freezing from top to bottom in an open water system at a constant temperature gradient. Temperatures were measured at various points along the height of the soil sample while suction was measured at middle of the sample. Test results have shown that PPTs do not show pressure change in long-term static pressure test under sub-freezing temperature. For suction measurement at the frozen fringe, pore pressure readings should be measured at various points along the sample height.
Estimating pile length uncertainty with Kriging
Authors: Hallipelto Martti , Hartikainen Ari , Dettenborn Taavi
Published: April 2021

Piles are used to transfer loads from the structure into the bearing soil layer. The accurate estimation of the pile lengths is a complex statistical problem that includes several spatial and measurement-based uncertainties. Commonly, bearing subsurface is modeled with linear triangular networks, and geometry related uncertainty is considered with overall safety factor. Currently, it is common practice is to solve the unknowns in this problem with simplistic borehole analysis and engineering judgment. Our paper presents a statistical pile length model based on the borehole uncertainty analysis. Modern geotechnical designing contains multiple steps including ground investigations, computer modeling, and expert decision making. All the included steps add uncertainty to the design process. The problem with these traditional methods is that the sources and the magnitudes of the uncertainty are not visible to the designer, which can lead to non-optimal decisions. With the help of the state-of-the-art probabilistic models, a design pipeline can be constructed that propagates the uncertainty from process to process and is transparent about its sources and magnitudes. In our paper, we show how the probabilistic pipeline approach enables us to make more informed decisions. This is due to uncertainty propagation from ground investigations to the 3D volumetric model. Given the uncertainty, we can estimate the mean and variance of the future costs and the impact that different design decisions have. The paper presents a practical example where probabilistic models are utilized to improve decision making.
Chemical content of waste composting by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Widyastuti R A D , Rahmat A , Warganegara H A , Ramadhani W S , Prasetyo B , Riantini M
Published: April 2021

Solid food waste from households and restaurants in urban areas currently be a severe problem. Mismanagement of solid food waste can promote disease. Black Soldier Fly larvae were known as new composting technology because they fast in the composting process. To decrease the volume of solid food waste that Black Soldier Fly larvae can be applied. This research aims to study the chemical content of the compost from composting by Black Soldier Fly larvae. The results show that the C-organic compost content is 18,37%, Total Nitrogen is 1.45%, Total Phosphor is 1.58%, and the pH is 6.8, C/N ratio is 12.66. Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphor, C/N ratio, and pH have fulfilled the requirements of the National compost standard of Indonesia (SNI). So, Compost from Black Soldier Fly larvae has high potential as a standard compost.
The role of extention participation on risk taking behavior of local elites and the coffee agroforestry farmer’s income: A case study at Social Forest Community on Batutegi Forest Mangement Unit, Lampung Province
Authors: Bakri S , Karomani  , Ashaf A F
Published: April 2021

The objective of the reserach was to elucidate the role of extention participation on enhancing risk taking behavior of the economic lost of the local elites group as the basic of triggering coffee agroforesty farmer’s income beside both social capital and physical capital. The elite, in this study, is difined every one that exhibits 3 charactericts or behaviori.e. risk taker talent, leading in coffee agroforest practice, and expressing good performance in coffee bean post harvesting. The research was conducted in July-August 2020 at the at community forest on Batutegi Forest Mangement Unit (BFMU) of Lampung Province. Data collecting were carried out in 4 steps: (i) interviewing the manager of BFMU to find the prior infomation around the probable local elites existed in the community, (ii) validating the probable elites by visting door to door and made observation about their pioneering especially for (ii.a) forest covering performance of their land, (ii.b) post harvesting management of coffee fruit, (c) measuring their talent of risk taking characteristic. The the critrium of the steps (ii.a) was farmers whose land exhibits covering by canopy trimber wood estimated of more than 30%, and the criterium for step (ii.b) the farmer who threats their coffee fruits in post harvesting management according to Indonesian National Standard # 01-2907-2008 that revised based on the Resolution of ICO 407. Having founded both criteria, we then carried out the (iii) measuring risk taking level on economics lost for every local elites group using a modivited guide line of DOSPERT on 3 level of scales:strong, medium and low. We got 46 people being recognized as the local elites, besides 77 people who cathagorized non elites. We also collected the data of their participtaion in extention, social capital (norm, trust, andnetwork) and the physical capitals (land acreage holding, and motor bike or car ownership). Step (iv) We employed Ordinal Logistic Regression Model to demonstrate the effect of extention to risk taking behavior at confident level of 5 and 10%. We further employed the Ordinary Least Square to examine the role of local elites group, social capital, and physical capital on the [Y_AGFR]. The research suggested that the extension partisipation was the only effective way in enhancing risk taking behavior of economic lost of the local elites [R_ECONM]. The [R_ECONM] could enhance the the coffee agroforestry farmer’s income [Y_AGRF] significantly accompanied by their social capital but not by physical capital.
The impact of land covers on carbon stock potential Rantau Research Forest in South Kalimantan
Authors: Qirom M A
Published: April 2021

Changes in land cover determine the decrease or increase in carbon storage in a landscape. This study aimed to determine the amount of carbon storage in each type of land cover and determine the effect of land cover type on the carbon storage amount in each carbon pool. This research was conducted in Rantau research forest with three main land coverage, they were: plantation forest, secondary forest, and grassland. The survey was carried out by measuring five carbon pools, namely vegetation, litter, understorey, necromass, and soil carbon, carried out on the land cover types of grassland, plantation forests, and secondary forest. The effect of land coverage to carbon storage was determined by using analysis of variance. The results showed that carbon storage was mostly deposited in vegetation carbon and soil carbon. The secondary forest has the largest carbon storage, namely 135.1 Mg/Ha, followed by plantation forest at 107.4 Mg/Ha, and Grassland at 83.3 Mg/ha. Changes in land cover from secondary forest to cogon grass caused the largest carbon storage reduction by 34%. This change decreased in the cover of the plantation forest to grassland by 20.5%. The implication is that an increase in carbon storage can be achieved by planting in grassland so that the cover becomes secondary forest or plants.
Analysis of clean water supply for remote area: study case at Sepatin village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency
Authors: Diansyukma A
Published: April 2021

Clean water is an essential part of life, and it is one of the human rights that must be provided continuously and sufficiently. United Nations has set up one of Sustainable Development Goals concerning access to clean water and sanitation. An analysis has been conducted at the outermost, remote, frontier, and the coastal area named Sepatin Village in Kutai Kartanegara Regency to figure out and mapping clean water issues as well as to define the effective solution. The assessment result has revealed that Sepatin Village suffering from clean water shortage for years, and the dominant causative factor as per root cause analysis is the limitation of water storage capacity. Rainwater Harvesting is considered as an effective solution taking into accounts the geographical conditions and location characteristic of Sepatin Village.
The effect of forest health on social conditions of the community
Authors: Rochmah S F , Safe’i R , Bintoro A , Kaskoyo H , Rahmat A
Published: April 2021

People’s forests have essential values for community life, especially in rural areas. This value means that many benefits will be generated from the existence of the People forest. The benefits referred to are economic, socio-cultural, and ecological benefits. This benefit is felt if the health condition of the jati people forests is in good health. This study aimed to determine the value of forest health status from productivity indicators and determine its benefits for community welfare. This research was conducted in September 2020 in Jati Peoples Forest, Natar District, South Lampung Regency. This study’s objects were eight Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) plot clusters containing jati stands in the seedling, sapling, poles, and three phases. The result of this research is that the forest health status is in good condition. People’s forests benefit the community by increasing income, providing jobs, and living for wildlife. This research concludes that people’s forests will benefit the community with good forest health conditions.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social environmental aspects of the urban poor in Medan City, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nainggolan H L , Ginting A
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the urban poor’s social environment in Medan City in the context of sustainable development. This research was conducted from September to November 2020 on the suburban of Medan City, namely in Subdistrict of Medan Tuntungan, Subdistrict of Medan Sunggal, and Subdistrict of Medan Tembung, which were determined on purpose. The sample in this study was the suburban community with 99 respondents who were determined using the Slovin method. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data and are processed descriptively. The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the urban poor’s social environment in Medan City and resulted in a decrease in the average number of community meetings with relations by 85.56%. The COVID-19 pandemic has also caused average communication and interaction between communities to decrease by 87.2%. Visits of fellow decreased by 92.6% during the pandemic and caused a decrease in community gatherings as an indicator of the poor’s social environment by 85.5%. The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the urban poor’s social conditions in Medan City and the sustainable development process in Medan City. Following the conclusion, it is suggested that the public optimize online media for meetings with relationships, communication, the interaction between communities, and optimize virtual community meetings and replace online visits so that kinship is appropriately maintained.
The impact of corporate governance on environmental reporting: Evidence from the Indonesian manufacturing industry
Authors: Ika S R , Nugroho J P , Achmad N , Widagdo A K
Published: April 2021

Environmental reporting is the preparation, presentation, and dissemination of information on how the company interacts with the natural environment. The report is commonly presented to its stakeholders in the company’s annual report. The purpose of this study is that empirically examine the impact of corporate governance practices on environmental reporting. The corporate governance characteristics utilized in the study are audit committee effectiveness, board size, and ownership concentration. While size and profitability is the control variable of the study. One hundred and two manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2015 to 2017 were used as a sample, resulting in 306 company observations. Employing data panel regression analysis, the results indicate that audit committee effectiveness and board size positively influence environmental reporting. These results suggest that the more effective the audit committee is, and the higher the number of commissioners in the company, the higher the company’s encouragement to provide environmental information in the company’s annual report. The study also found that size positively associate with environmental disclosure. The study offers additional perspectives on factors that can affect the listed companies to report environmental reporting within the G4 environmental framework of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Hence, the capital market authority agency may strengthen the regulation related audit committee to improve environmental awareness in IDX.
Rainfall anomalies assessment during drought episodes of 2015 in Indonesia using CHIRPS Data
Authors: Nugroho J T , Nurfitriani D , Suwarsono  , Chulafak G A , Manalu R J , Harini S
Published: April 2021

Drought is one of the hydrometeorological disasters that have an impact on many sectors in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to study the triggering factors in order to minimize the impact. This research investigates the meteorological drought during El Niño episodes in 2015 compared to normal episodes in 20017 to comprehend the impact on rainfall anomaly in Indonesia. Statistical methods applied to multi temporal CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station) data has been applied for this purpose. Results show that the CHIRPS data correlate well with all stations’ observations with the correlation coefficient in the range of 0.7 to 0.86. During drought episodes of 2015, there was an increase in areas affected by drought for extremely dry conditions (100%), severe dry conditions (> 90%), and dry conditions (> 50%). This study is important for understanding the influence of El Niño on drought phenomena in Indonesia.
Identification of temperature and rainfall pattern in Bandar Lampung and the 2020-2049 projection
Authors: Kusumastuty N A E , Manik T K , Timotiwu P B
Published: April 2021

Climate change is a global phenomenon that is increasingly needed to be discussed. In local scale climate change is expressed often as climate phenomenon such as El-Nino South Oscillation (ENSO), Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) and Dipole Mode Index (DMI). This condition caused many problems at the local scale especially in urban areas. Major hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and droughts impacted community daily life. Therefore, to deal with those hydrometeorological disasters, cities need to develop mitigation mechanisms based on data and information of future weather conditions. The objection of this study was to analyse historical climatic conditions of Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, and project the future climate up period of 2020-2049 using CMIP5 Representative Concentrations Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 models. Observed data was obtained from BMKG (Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics) stations while projected data obtained from BMKG Climate Change Centre. The results showed there were downward tendency of rainfall both in historical data and the projection and for most of the season except for dry periods; while temperature showed upward tendency consistently. Mitigation actions with reducing greenhouse gas concentrations have impact more on temperature trend than on rainfall distribution.
Spatial modeling on the influence of social network and infrastructure accessibility on the number of poverty alleviation program recipients in Budaya Pampang Village
Authors: Amaliah Y , Ulimaz M
Published: April 2021

The poverty rate in Samarinda has not decreased significantly from 2014 until 2019 even though 15 poverty alleviation programs have been implemented by the Government. The insignificant decrease in poverty can be caused by the wrong identification of the causes of poverty. Infrastructure accessibility, social network, and spatial factors are the factors that are rarely identified in the formulation of poverty alleviation strategies. Budaya Pampang has the highest percentage of the population in terms of recipients of poverty alleviation assistance funds, namely 58.9% of the total population in the Village. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of social network and infrastructure on the number of poverty alleviation assistance funds in Budaya Pampang Village and its surrounding using the spatial regression analysis. Based on the analysis results, it is found that a model stating that 94.7% of poverty in Budaya Pampang Village and its surroundings is influenced by indicators on aspects of the social network and infrastructure accessibility. The relation between the level of social network and poverty is that the higher the level of social network, the lower the level of poverty will be. Meanwhile, the farther a person in accessing infrastructure services, the higher the poverty rate will be.
Integration of conservation and economic development in Gunung Leuser National Park
Authors: Purwoko A , Patana P , Daulay U A
Published: April 2021

Sumatran Elephant has economic benefits as an ecotourism attraction. The most appropriate tourism management is making the tour package attractive, safe, and sustainable. The increasing number of visitors to natural destinations has a significant impact. Feasibility studies can be used to consider making a decision, either rejecting, accepting, retaining, and stopping the effort. Therefore, a financial feasibility analysis is required to see the feasibility of using Sumatran elephants as an ecotourism package. The study was conducted for four months (November 2019 to February 2020) to determine the level of financial feasibility and financial benefits to Sumatran elephant people as a tour package in Tangkahan Ecotourism Area, Gunung Leuser National Park. Respondents were the actors in ecotourism management, including community institutions (LPT), 2 NGOs (CRU and VESSWIC), and the national park authority (GLNP). Data was collected by interviewing the actors. Research methods used descriptive analysis and financial analysis with NPV, BCR, and IRR parameters. The results show the interest rate of 6.56%, obtained NPV value of IR 181,021,329,- BCR of 3.806, and IRR of 117.3%. It means that this tourism package is financially worthy of being continued and developed. The calculation of the financial benefits of Sumatran elephant use as community-based ecotourism gave the revenue of IR 697,214,755,-.
Contribution of sustainable food house area to income and family food security in Tulang Bawang Barat, Lampung Province
Authors: Rangga K K , Pujiana T , Syarief Y A , Viantimala B , Mutolib A , Adipathy Dina Arini
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the implementation of the sustainable food house area program, contribution of the program to family income of farmer women’s group, and analyze the food security of KWT members in Tulang Bawang Barat Regency. The research was conducted in five groups of women farmers in Margodadi, Marga Kencana, Tirta Makmur, Tirta Kencana, and Mulya Asri Villages. Data were collected in December 2019. Data were collected using survey methods and direct interviews in the field. The sampling method was carried out deliberately (purposive sampling); as many as 62 people were interviewed by visiting the respondent’s house. The results showed that the implementation of the program was seen from the development of village nurseries, development of demonstration plot plots, and development of farmer women’s group members’ yards. The income women’s group’s income the yard utilization program for one year ranges from IDR 2,565,600 - IDR 6,930,000. Family food security of KWT members subjectively categorized in the medium category from the adequacy of family food availability of KWT members, food distribution in the family is quite good, and aspects of family food consumption are also quite good. The affordability of families to get food is quite relatively. Women farmer groups’ knowledge is already good about the food the body needs in the right composition. It is present in all types of food that are useful for health, in consuming family food by taking into account the quality and quantity of food they consume..
The development of power take-off technology in wave energy converter systems: A Review
Authors: Handoko CR , Mukhtasor
Published: April 2021

Utilizing ocean wave energy as a renewable energy source has become the object of rapid research. Energy conversion technology continues to evolve to seek more efficient, cheaper forms of investment, operation, and maintenance and are environmentally friendly. The converter type and PTO hold the key to the efficiency of the whole system. This literature review paper examines various general concepts and innovations of wave activated body converters and commonly used and innovative power take-off systems with a focus on controlling efforts in maximizing the generated power, challenges and efforts to develop a PTO control system as well as various research conducted by various parties.
Sustainable Housing Indicators and Improving the Quality of Life: The Case of Two Residential Areas in Baghdad City
Authors: Qusen Zumaya Jakleen , Baqir Motlak Jamal
Published: April 2021

Sustainable housing is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of life. This research focuses on (internal indicators), including (affordable housing, and the conditions of the dwelling unit to live, and (external indicators) including the social services, infrastructure, transport, identity, safety and security, and environmental pollution. This was done by studying two residential areas in the city of Baghdad, which differed in the social, economic, environmental, and urban aspects, which are (Al-Sadr neighborhood and Al-Muthanna neighborhood). The research has adopted the descriptive method, and comparative quantitative analysis, to indicate the degree of satisfaction of the residents by relying on the five-step Likert scale (strongly disagree-strongly agree). The Contingency Coefficient test was used to evaluating the levels of the responses of the observed frequencies of sustainable housing and the quality of urban life. The results of the research showed that most of the sub-indicators have made a significant difference for Al-Muthanna neighborhood. While the other indicators: commercial services, public transport services, safety and social security have made a significant difference for Al-Sadr neighborhood. The research reached to develop proposals towards improving and developing indicators that to achieve balance and justice in achieving sustainable housing and good quality of urban life.
Impact of Structural Imbalances on the Sustainability of Spatial Development Programs
Authors: Al_Shadidi Hussain Ahmed S
Published: April 2021

Iraq suffers From the problem of structural imbalances of the components of the economic spatial structure, and led to obstacles to the spatial development programs and their financial allocation spatially and sectorally. Therefore, the research problem (structural imbalances between resources and uses without building a multi-resource system despite the economic possibilities and opportunities available in the spatial dimension). The research aims to study and analyze structural imbalances and their indicators in the spatial structure in Iraq, and its impact on the sustainability of development spatially and sectorally and access to development paths to ensure the achievement of Spatial development goals. The research hypothesis (there is a relationship between the direction of the development path spatially and sectorally and the treatment of structural imbalances of spatial dimension leading to the sustainability of spatial development programs). The research includes study the concept of structural imbalances and spatial development, and the study of the indicators of spatial and sectoral imbalance in Iraq The magnitude of this imbalance is measured by a mathematical equation and at two level) sectoral level and spatial level). while included the last part proposing a development path to address these structural imbalances, which can lead to a kind of balancing resources and uses to achieve The goal of sustaining spatial development programs spatially and sectorally. The research important conclusions that there large complex imbalances that are far from rate normal, the important recommendations are to follow inclusive development approach.
The Role of Beach Sports and community participation in Investigating the sustainability criteria in historic centers of AL-Hilla city
Authors: Jaleel Ahmed Ameera , Jumaa Haider
Published: April 2021

Babylon city (18-6 B.C.) located on Euphrates river which represents the First nucleus of the historic centers in the province of Babylon. The river coast has been an important part for thousands of years ago, as a socio-cultural activity. In (1101 A.C) historic downtown was found in AL-Hilla city south of Babylon city. The beach continued to be used for cultural and social activities similar to the past. Recently, these historic centers with their river coast are suffering from neglect, decay, and depreciation, as a result of, random urban planning.

This paper is an attempt to adopt an analytical descriptive curriculum to develop and revival the two historic centers, through employment beach sports, as well as depending on community participation in design decision, to harmonize sustainability thought and achieving human well-being in Babylon city. Its discussed the role of the beach sports to configuration river coast in the two historic centers and downtown, in another word, how can the establishment of beach sports play a basic role in Investigating the sustainability criteria in Al-Hillah city through community participation?.

The conclusions show that the establishment beach sport activates in the city today achieve (57.3%)of the overall sustainability criteria, and it contributed in development of two historic centers in another word, beach sports activities establishment will be supported the sustainable criteria, as well as, the reason of the low achievement of the current sustainable criteria is environmental degradation.
Distribution of Nitrate, Phosphate and N/P Ratio in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Fachrul M F , Rinanti A , Hendrawan D I , Salsabil M A , Alreekabi N K
Published: April 2021

This research aim to study of spatial distribution of Nitrate and Phosphate concentration, and also N/P ratio in waters of Maninjau Lake (0°19’ S; 100°12’E)), West Sumatera Province, Indonesia, collected from 11 sampling points of water samples which were performed during 3 (three periods) May, June and July 2017. Other major sources of environmental nitrogen and phosphate are fertilizers and wastewater discharged from farms and livestock facilities, and sewage from residential areas which leak into lakes. The Nitrate and phosphate concentrations in Maninjau Lake waters, the results of the analysis found that Nitrate values ranged from 0.02-0.40 mg/L mg/L (quality standard 10 mg/L), while phosphate ranged from 0.12-0.54 mg/L mg/L (quality standard 0.2 mg / L). Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) generally limit the main productivity in lakes. The N/P Ratio calculation results are known that 0.29-0.58, the value shows that there has been an excessive addition of phosphate elements into the waters, so that it appears that the N element is a limiting element that affects the biological conditions of ecosystems such as phytoplankton biomass, species composition which is likely to occur dominance of certain types. This situation is quite reasonable, considering that around the study site is a residential area that discharges household wastewater that uses detergents into the waters. Anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus supply to natural ecosystems has increased them in many lakes.
The urban development of castles within the historical cities of Iraq (Case study Hit Castle)
Authors: Amer Ibrahim Yasar , Abbas Shatha
Published: April 2021

The study of historical castles has a great impact on the urban and urban development of historical city centers and has a great importance in forming the urban body of these cities. Because of its impact on the social, economic, political, cultural and tourism levels in addition to its physical and spiritual importance to successive generations that link them with the cultural and social heritage. Historic castles suffer from a state of neglect, deterioration, vandalism and transgression that is a result of successive periods as a kind of negative effects of wars that happened in the country in successive periods. The work on studies and researches specialized in developing historical castles is one of the responsibilities of the local and global level. Which contributes to strengthening the role of moral standing of the castles cities community tourist attraction and raise the country’s economy. The choice of the historic castle of Hit to study in this research is due to its historical and urban depth. Which is the main seed in shaping the structure of the city of Hit with time, and what this city is witnessing today from an urban renaissance in Anbar Governorate. From seeing the studies and researches that dealt with the urban development strategies of the city, the research problem crystallized with (lack of architectural, urban and archaeological studies specialized in dealing with the method of urban development of the Citadel and the lack of clarity in determining its development strategy). The hypothesis of the research was formulated as (The urban development strategy of Hit Castle affects the integration of the castle with the surrounding urban fabric and its historical characteristics). Depending on putting theoretical terms on the development strategy by analyzing strategies for similar examples, and by comparing its terms and identifying its advantages and disadvantages, the optimal strategy for urban development is been chosen according to the index that will be extracted from the practical study of Hit Castle.