bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Health Knowledge on Active Lifestyle And Physical Fitness in Class VIII Students of Mts Alhuda Wajak
Authors: Al Qudsi Dani Abdi , Saputro Yulianto Dwi
Published: February 2023

An individual's health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Early definition Health was viewed as a condition of the body's normal functioning which may be impaired by disease from time to time. Environmental cleanliness is a state free from dirt, including dust, garbage, and odors. The design in this study used a descriptive method. Sample selection and group division using sampling technique. The research subjects in this study were eighth grade students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Alhuda. Parameters to measure using a questionnaire and Tkji test. The exercise program was carried out for 4 weeks with a frequency of 2 meetings a week. The analysis used is one-way analysis of variance with Microsoft Excel. The results showed that there was an effect of health knowledge on an active lifestyle and physical fitness of students. Conclusion Based on the results of data processing and score analysis between knowledge of health, active lifestyle and level of physical fitness, it was found that there was a significant relationship between the effect of health knowledge on an active lifestyle and level of fitness. physical. It can be concluded that the better the student's health knowledge, the better the active lifestyle and level of physical fitness of the student in supporting the interaction process in the community or in the school environment, especially in learning involvement in school.
Efforts to Improve Short-Distance Running Achievement Through a Play Approach in Grade VIII Students
Authors: Yoga Frederikus , Mardikaninsih Agusti
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of short-distance running achievement through a play approach to class VIII students. This type of research is classroom action research (CAR), with three cycles. The instrument used is a short distance running test. The subjects in this study were class VIII students, totaling 16 students. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics with percentages. Based on the results of the study, the results of the Short Distance Running test through a play approach to class VIII students obtained an average achievement in cycle 1 of 64.58, an average of 71.87 in cycle 2, and an average of cycle 3 obtained 80, From these results, it can be concluded that there is an increase in Short Distance Running Achievement through a Playing Approach for Class VIII Students. In this study, I created a student performance grid in which there are several indicators that will determine student scores. The KKM value for learning sprint distance running is obtained with several assessment criteria, namely mastery of movement techniques, enthusiasm and harmony in practicing sprint running, while for the aspects assessed, namely starting attitude, body posture when running, arm swing, body posture at the finish and grades. achievement (time).  To get a score above the KKM, in the learning process the teacher must be able to maximize the factors that support the achievement of the learning.
Survey of Ideal Lecturer Interested by Students IKIP Budi Utomo Malang
Authors: Elmas George , Aris Tria Muhamad , Hidayati Nuril
Published: February 2023

Education is one of the means to answer various challenges related to the development of information, globalization, free markets, and even the problem of national and state harmony. In college, the lecturer is a figure who has an important role in the college life of a student. The most common factors used by students as parameters for the assessment of their lecturers are seen from three factors, namely the way of teaching, giving lectures, and giving grades. The research approach used is descriptive quantitative, with survey method. This research was conducted at IKIP Budi Utomo Malang during July 2022. The population in this study were students of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang while the research sample consisted of 7 study programs, namely physical education, health and recreation, mathematics education, biology education, language education and education. Indonesian literature, English language education, sociology history education, and economic education with 50 students. The results of the study indicate that lecturers have a fairly dominant influence on the quality of learning because it is the lecturer who is responsible for the learning process in the classroom even as an education provider in the campus environment.
Underwater ultrasonography and blood sampling provide the first observations of reproductive biology in free-swimming whale sharks
Authors: Matsumoto R , Murakumo K , Nozu R , Acuña-Marrero D , Green JR , Pierce SJ , Rohner CA , Reyes H , Green SM , Dove ADM , Torres ML , Hearn AR
Published: February 2023

We report on a non-invasive technique for observing the reproductive states of wild, free-swimming whale sharks Rhincodon typus for the first time. Female whale sharks (n = 22) were assessed using underwater ultrasonography and a novel blood-sampling technique at Darwin Island in the Galapagos Marine Reserve, Ecuador. Despite the widely held assumption among researchers that the post-pelvic distention of large females is indicative of pregnancy, ultrasound provided no evidence of embryos or egg cases. However, the presence of follicles (diameter: 28.5-83.6 mm) was confirmed in 2 female sharks of 11-12 m total length (TL). Additionally, 3 steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone) were analyzed in blood plasma from 6 female sharks (11-12 m TL). Hormone levels were similar to, or lower than, those obtained from an immature female in the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium. Based on these results, we infer that female whale sharks (TL >11 m) in this study were mature but not pregnant. The techniques used here for whale sharks can be successfully used to obtain non-lethal field data on the biology and reproductive anatomy of this globally endangered fish, and are adaptable for use in other large marine species.
ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS FOR CONT­ROL OF LEAD CONTENT IN THE ENVIRONMENT. A REVIEW
Authors: Zinko Lionel , Pletenets Yelyzaveta
Published: February 2023

The review presents different types of biosensors and their principles of operation that are currently used to detect heavy metals and lead. Biosensors are considered highly sensitive, specific, accurate, inexpensive and effective tools for the preliminary detection of one or more metals in sources of mixed pollution, especially in wastewater. The use of functional nanomaterials based on metal-organic frameworks and layered hydroxides allowed to miniaturize the design of biosensors and significantly improve their applicability for on-site analysis of target samples, which reduces the probability of any changes in the samples during transport to the laboratory. Also, these materials have long-term stability, improve the signal and response speed of electrochemical biosensors, and also increase their sensitivity and selectivity. An overview of the methods of manufacturing the active component of multilayer electrochemical sensors was conducted. The main methods of obtaining stable and sensitive to lead ions electrochemical systems are noted.Sensors and biosensors are powerful tools for accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of a specific analyte and integration of biotechnology, microelectronics, and nanotechnology to fabricate miniaturized devices without loss of sensitivity, specificity, and cont­rol accuracy. The characteristic properties of biomolecule carriers significantly affect the sensitivity and selectivity of the device. The impact of carriers based on metal-organic frameworks and layered hydroxides on increasing the efficiency of modern lead biosensors due to the implementation of the enzyme inhibition mechanism was considered, and the me­thods of manufacturing the active component of multilayer electrochemical sensors were also reviewed. The perspective of using the coprecipitation method and the ion exchange method to obtain stable and sensitive lead ion electrochemical systems was noted. Thus, electrochemical biosensors can be considered as one of the most widely developed biosensors for the detection of lead ions, in which the presence of direct electron transfer from the recognition center to the electrode reduces the probability of unnecessary interference, which significantly increases their sensitivity and selectivity and enables the development of devices for in-mode monitoring real-time.
Effect of sprinting velocity on anterior cruciate ligament and knee load during sidestep cutting
Authors: Moon Jeheon , Koo Dohoon , Kim Sungmin , Panday Siddhartha Bikram
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of an increase in sprinting velocity on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) load, knee joint load, and activation of femoral muscles using the musculoskeletal modeling approach. Fourteen high school male athletes were recruited (age: 17.4 ± 0.7 years, height: 1.75 ± 0.04 m, weight: 73.3 ± 8.94 kg), with the right foot dominant and physical activity level of about 3–4 h per day. The kinematics, kinetics, and co-contraction index (CCI) of the extensors and flexors of the right leg’s femoral muscles were calculated. The anterior cruciate ligament load was estimated using the musculoskeletal modeling method. In the results, it was observed that the anterior cruciate ligament load (p < 0.017) increased as sidestep cutting velocity increased, resulting in increased adduction (p < 0.017) and the internal rotation moment of the knee joint. This was significantly higher than when sprinting at a similar velocity. The co-contraction index result, which represents the balanced activation of the femoral extensor and flexor muscles, showed a tendency of decrement with increasing sprinting velocity during sidestep cutting (p < 0.017), whereas no significant differences were observed when running at different sprinting conditions. Therefore, we postulate that factors such as knee joint shear force, extended landing posture with increasing sprinting velocity, internal rotation moment, and femoral muscle activity imbalance influence the increase of anterior cruciate ligament load during a sidestep cutting maneuver.
Research progress of functional motifs based on growth factors in cartilage tissue engineering: A review
Authors: Qin Shengao , Zhu Jiaman , Zhang Guangyong , Sui Qijia , Niu Yimeng , Ye Weilong , Ma Guowu , Liu Huiying
Published: February 2023

Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease that exerts significant impacts on personal life quality, and cartilage tissue engineering is a practical treatment in clinical. Various growth factors are involved in cartilage regeneration and play important roles therein, which is the focus of current cartilage repair strategy. To compensate for the purification difficulty, high cost, poor metabolic stability, and circulating dilution of natural growth factors, the concept of functional motifs (also known as mimetic peptides) from original growth factor was introduced in recent studies. Here, we reviewed the selection mechanisms, biological functions, carrier scaffolds, and modification methods of growth factor-related functional motifs, and evaluated the repair performance in cartilage tissue engineering. Finally, the prospects of functional motifs in researches and clinical application were discussed.
Development of the foregut and the formation of the trachea and esophagus in rat embryos. A symphony of confusion
Authors: Ginzel Marco , Huber Nana , Bauer Leopold , Kluth Dietrich , Metzger Roman
Published: February 2023

Introduction: During embryonic development, the trachea emerges from an area of the foregut, which is often referred to as “anterior” or “common” foregut tube or simply foregut. To explain this process of differentiation, four competing models exist to date. The outgrowth and watershed models propose a foregut that remains constant in length. In the outgrowth model, the trachea buds off and elongates from the foregut, while in the watershed model, a mesenchymal wedge splits the growing foregut into the trachea and esophagus. In contrast, the septation model proposes a cranial splitting and thus a shortening of the “common” foregut tube into the trachea and esophagus by an emerging septum. Finally, the splitting and extension model describes an interaction of cranial splitting of the foregut and simultaneous caudal tracheal and esophageal growth.

Methods: Here we examine the development of the undifferentiated foregut by micro computed tomography, which allows precise measurements.

Results: Our results show that this area of the foregut transforms into the larynx, a process, which is independent from tracheal and esophageal development.

Discussion: These observations are only consistent with the outgrowth model.
Qualitative and quantitative determination of chemical constituents in Jinbei oral liquid, a modern Chinese medicine for coronavirus disease 2019, by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Aijun , Xu Qingcui , Jiang Juanjuan , Zhao Zimo , Zhang Liangzong , Tao Kai , Cao Guiyun , Zhang Jinghua , Ding Lin , Meng Zhaoqing , Dong Wenyao , Wang Chunxia
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the advantages of syndrome differentiation and rapid determination of etiology, and many TCM prescriptions have been applied to the clinical treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among them, Jinbei Oral Liquid (Jb.L) has also shown an obvious curative effect in the clinic, but the related material basic research is relatively limited.

Methods: Therefore, in this process, a systematic data acquisition and mining strategy was established using ultra-high- performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS).

Results and Discussion: With the optimized conditions, a total of 118 peaks were tentatively characterized, including 43 flavonoids, 26 phenylpropanoids, 14 glycosides, 9 phthalides, 8 alkaloids and others. To determine the content of relevant pharmacological ingredients, we firstly exploited the ultra-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method for simultaneous detection of 31 active ingredients within 17 min, and the validation of methodology showed that this method has good precision and accuracy. Moreover, analyzing the pharmacology of 31 individual of the medicinal material preliminarily confirmed the efficacy of Jb.L and laid a foundation for an in-depth study of network pharmacology.
Exploring multielement nanogranular coatings to forestall implant-related infections
Authors: Bottagisio Marta , Balzano Vincenzo , Ciambriello Luca , Rosa Laura , Talò Giuseppe , Lovati Arianna B. , De Vecchi Elena , Gavioli Luca
Published: February 2023

Introduction

As we approach the post-antibiotic era, the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies that carry out their activities through non-specific mechanisms could limit the onset and spread of drug resistance. In this context, the use of nanogranular coatings of multielement nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated to the surface of implantable biomaterials might represent a strategy to reduce the systemic drawbacks by locally confining the NPs effects against either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.

Methods

In the present study, two new multielement nanogranular coatings combining Ag and Cu with either Ti or Mg were synthesized by a gas phase physical method and tested against pathogens isolated from periprosthetic joint infections to address their potential antimicrobial value and toxicity in an in vitro experimental setting.

Results

Overall, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli displayed a significantly decreased adhesion when cultured on Ti-Ag-Cu and Mg-Ag-Cu coatings compared to uncoated controls, regardless of their antibiotic resistance traits. A dissimilar behavior was observed when Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured for 30 and 120 minutes upon the surface of Ti-Ag-Cu and Mg-Ag-Cu-coated discs. Biofilm formation was mainly reduced by the active effect of Mg-Ag-Cu compared to Ti-Ag-Cu and, again, coatings had a milder effect on P. aeruginosa, probably due to its exceptional capability of attachment and matrix production. These data were further confirmed by the evaluation of bacterial colonization on nanoparticle-coated discs through confocal microscopy. Finally, to exclude any cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic cells, the biocompatibility of NPs-coated discs was studied. Results demonstrated a viability of 95.8% and 89.4% of cells cultured in the presence of Ti-Ag-Cu and Mg-Ag-Cu discs, respectively, when compared to negative controls.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the promising anti-adhesive features of both Ti-Ag-Cu and Mg-Ag-Cu coatings, as well as their action in hampering the biofilm formation, highlighting the safe use of the tested multi-element families of nanoparticles as new strategies against bacterial attachment to the surface of biomedical implants.
Effect of e-health intervention on disease management in patients with chronic heart failure: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ding Xueying , Wen Yating , Tian Zimeng , Wen Yaru , Sun Guokun , Geng Rongxing , Fang Wei , Xu Yun
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the impact of e-health interventions on disease management in patients with CHF.

Methods

Six databases including Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO were searched by computer. The search time is before May 1, 2022. Odds ratios (OR) were used for binary categorical data and weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous variables. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to express the effect sizes for both count and measurement data. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 were employed to complete this meta-analysis.

Results

The study included 22 research studies and 5,149 patients. e-health intervention can effectively reduce all-cause mortality [OR = 0.801, 95%CI: (0.650, 0.987), P < 0.05], all-cause hospitalization rate [OR = 0.66, 95%CI: (0.46, 0.95), P < 0.05] and heart failure related hospitalization rate [OR = 0.750, 95%CI: (0.632, 0.891), P < 0.05]. e-health intervention is also effective in improving the quality of life [WMD = 2.97, 95%CI: (1.54, 4.40), P < 0.05] and the self-management ability of patients [WMD = −2.76, 95%CI: (−5.52, −0.11), P < 0.05].

Conclusion

e-health interventions can reduce all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and heart failure-related hospitalization in patients with CHF. Furthermore, it can improve the health-related quality of life of patients.
Application of rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and end-stage kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Zhenzhen , Wang Jieya , Yuan Ye , Cheng Tian , Ren Feifei , Wang Songsong , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: February 2023

Background

Nowadays, the number of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) complicated by end-stage renal disease (ESKD) is increasing. There are significant challenges in anticoagulation with prescription drugs because of the high risk of bleeding and embolism among these patients. However, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of warfarin in combination with any non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOACs) have been performed in patients with baseline creatinine clearance (CrCl) <25 ml/min, which makes it difficult to justify the use of anticoagulants in such patients. Then, we aimed to collect and summarize all evidence to enable the anticoagulation of rivaroxaban, which is less cleared by the kidneys, in patients with severe renal insufficiency and to complement and improve the evidence on the use of rivaroxaban for anticoagulation.

Methods

The present systematic review and meta-analysis searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, and Google Scholar for relevant studies from inception to 1 June 2022, with the restriction of English and Chinese. Eligible cohort studies and RCTs that reported efficacy outcomes [composite of stroke and systemic embolism (SSE), ischemic stroke (ICS), and systemic embolization] or safety outcomes [major bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB)] of rivaroxaban in NVAF patients with ESKD were enrolled. Two authors completed the data extraction and quality assessment work, respectively. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias was used for RCTs, and the NEW-Castle Ottawa scale was used for study quality assessment for cohort studies. Dichotomous variables were calculated as risk factors with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and meta-analysis was performed to probe the effect of research design, rivaroxaban dose, and controlled drug factors on outcomes.

Results

In total, three studies were included for meta-analysis, involving 6,071 NVAF patients with ESKD, and two studies were included for qualitative analysis. All included studies were at low risk of bias. A meta-analysis demonstrated that mix-dose rivaroxaban caused no statistical discrepancy in the occurrence of thrombotic and bleeding events when compared to the control group (embolism, LogOR: −0.64, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.23, P:0.25; bleeding, LogOR: −0.33, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.03, P:0.15), and low-dose rivaroxaban produced similar results (embolism, LogOR: −1.04, 95% CI: −2.15 to 0.07, P:0.61; bleeding, LogOR: −0.81, 95% CI: −1.19 to −0.44, P:0.93).

Conclusion

In this study, low-dose rivaroxaban (10 mg, once a day) may benefit more than warfarin in patients with NVAF and ESKD.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42022330973.
Machine learning-assisted processing workflow for multi-fiber DAS microseismic data
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Eaton David , Igonin Nadine , Wang Chaoyi
Published: February 2023

In recent years, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) deployed in deviated wells has been increasingly used for microseismic monitoring. DAS can provide observations of microseismic wavefields with high spatial resolution and wide aperture, at the cost of unusually large data volumes compared with conventional downhole microseismic monitoring. To tackle this big-data challenge, we have developed key elements of a processing workflow that is assisted by machine learning techniques. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) for event detection and a U-Net model for both P- and S-wave arrival time picking. The workflow was applied to two multiwell DAS datasets acquired during hydraulic fracturing completions in western Canada. These datasets also include co-located 3C borehole geophone arrays that enable further comparison between catalogs from both sensor types. Compared with a traditional short-term average/long-term average (STA/LTA) method for event detection, our results indicate that the CNN method has a lower false-trigger rate and increases the event catalog size by a factor of 2.6–5.6. U-Net yields arrival-time picks with relatively small errors, high efficiency, and minimal user intervention, providing hypocenter location and focal depth that is arguably more accurate than the geophone catalog. While the proposed automated workflow requires substantial effort to build high-quality and large training datasets, it enables the use of DAS for real-time seismicity monitoring and risk management after the training stage. Although the DAS system detected fewer events than the geophone catalog and missed smaller magnitude events, our results indicate that fiber-optic sensors provide enough sensitivity to detect and locate sufficient events to characterize the treatment stages. DAS also captured induced events located at a hypocentral distance of >1 km, which are possibly indicative of reactivation of structural features.
Enhanced arc magmatic productivity of the Western Pacific island arcs deduced from gravity-derived arc crustal growth rates
Authors: Parcutela N. E. , Austria R. S. , Dimalanta C. B. , Valera G. T. V. , Gabo-Ratio J. A. S. , Payot B. D. , Armada L. T. , Sangalang K. J. F. , Yumul G. P.
Published: February 2023

Island arcs are postulated as the juvenile components that contribute to the growth of continental crust. Growth rates of arc crusts were previously computed using crustal thicknesses derived from seismic data. Consequently, crustal growth rates of oceanic island arcs are also constrained by the limited seismic data availability. This work presents the first comparison of gravity-derived magmatic growth rates of Western Pacific oceanic island arcs. We used the statistical correlation between Bouguer anomalies and seismic-derived crustal thicknesses to generate an empirical formula. The new empirical formula was utilized to estimate the crustal thicknesses of oceanic island arcs using Bouguer anomalies from the EGM2008 global gravity model. The resulting crustal thicknesses were employed to compute the magmatic growth rates of western Pacific island arcs and the Philippine island arc system. The latest magmatic growth rate estimates show that the magmatic productivity of Western Pacific island arcs, which are directly associated with Pacific Plate subduction, is significantly higher (28–60 km3/km/m.y). The growth rate of the Pacific island arcs is higher compared to the magmatic growth rate computed for the other oceanic island arcs (12–25 km3/km/m.y), which are derived from the subduction of other oceanic lithospheres (i.e., the Philippine Sea Plate; Caribbean Sea Plate; and Eurasia-South China Sea slabs). This is attributed to the variation in the ages of the subducting plates. The Pacific Plate, being older, is associated with higher degrees of serpentinization and sediment cover, which introduce more volatiles inducing more robust partial melting of the mantle wedge.
The isl2a transcription factor regulates pituitary development in zebrafish
Authors: Yan Chen-Yan , Wu Feng-Yao , Sun Feng , Fang Ya , Zhang Rui-Jia , Zhang Chang-Run , Zhang Cao-Xu , Wang Zheng , Yang Rui-Meng , Yang Liu , Dong Mei , Zhang Qian-Yue , Ye Xiao-Ping , Song Huai-Dong , Zhao Shuang-Xia
Published: February 2023

Background

ISL LIM homeobox 2, also known as insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-2 (ISL2), is a transcription factor gene that participates in a wide range of developmental events. However, the role of ISL2 in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis is largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized the expression patterns of ISL2 and revealed its regulative role during embryogenesis using zebrafish.

Methods

We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to successfully establish homozygous ISL2-orthologue (isl2a and isl2b) knockout zebrafish. Moreover, we utilized these knockout zebrafish to analyze the pituitary and thyroid phenotypes in vivo. For further molecular characterization, in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence were performed.

Results

The isl2a mutant zebrafish presented with thyroid hypoplasia, reduced whole-body levels of thyroid hormones, increased early mortality, gender imbalance, and morphological retardation during maturity. Additionally, thyrotropes, a pituitary cell type, was notably decreased during development. Importantly, the transcriptional levels of pituitary-thyroid axis hormones-encoding genes, such as tshba, cga, and tg, were significantly decreased in isl2a mutants. Finally, the thyroid dysplasia in isl2a mutant larvae may be attributed to a reduction in proliferation rather than changes in apoptosis.

Conclusions

In summary, isl2a regulates the transcriptional levels of marker genes in hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, and isl2a knockout causing low thyroid hormone levels in zebrafish. Thus, isl2a identified by the present study, is a novel regulator for pituitary cell differentiation in zebrafish, resulting in thyroid gland hypoplasia and phenotypes of hypothyroidism.
Exploring the influence of free radicals on photolytic removal of nadolol from water: Mechanism of degradation and toxicity of intermediates
Authors: Bilić Andrijana , Savanović Maria M. , Armaković Stevan , Četojević-Simin Dragana D. , Srđenović Čonić Branislava , Kladar Nebojša , Armaković Sanja J.
Published: February 2023

β-blockers are known to have negative effects on fish and other aquatic animal species, so their removal is key for preserving aquatic ecosystems. To reduce the risks related to β-blockers, it is necessary to assess their effects and develop more effective treatments such as advanced oxidation processes. Improving sewage treatments is a critical approach to reducing β-blockers in aquatic environments. In this work, for the first time, the direct and indirect photolysis of nadolol (NAD) was investigated under different light sources (simulated solar (SS), UV-LED, and UV radiations) in ultrapure water. Indirect photolysis by H2O2 showed 1.5, 2.1, and 5.6 times higher NAD degradation efficiency than direct photolysis under mentioned irradiations. This effect was particularly pronounced in the presence of UV radiation, in which the degradation efficiency of NAD was the highest (80.2%). Computational analysis based on density functional theory calculations, together with the results of NAD photodegradation efficiency in the presence of radical scavengers (isopropanol and benzoquinone), was used to propose the NAD degradation mechanism. Sixteen degradation intermediates were proposed, along with their NMR chemical shifts. Also, this study analyzed the degree of catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, and hydroxyl radicals neutralization of NAD and its photodegradation mixtures obtained after indirect photolysis. The degree of mineralization and in vitro toxicity of NAD and its degradation intermediates obtained in the presence of UV/H2O2 were assessed.
Identification and vitro verification of the potential drug targets of active ingredients of Chonglou in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on EMT-related genes
Authors: Zhao Fulai , Zhao Peng , Chang Junli , Sun Xingyuan , Ma Xiaoping , Shi Binhao , Yin Mengchen , Wang Yongjun , Yang Yanping
Published: February 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main histological type of lung cancer with an unfavorable survival rate. Metastasis is the leading LUAD-related death with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) playing an essential role. The anticancer efficacies of the active ingredients in Chonglou have been widely reported in various cancers. However, the potential therapeutic targets of the Chonglou active ingredients in LUAD patients remain unknown. Here, the network pharmacology and bioinformatics were performed to analyze the associations of the clinical characteristics, immune infiltration factors and m6A-related genes with the EMT-related genes associated with LUAD (EMT-LUAD related genes), and the molecular docking, STRING, GO, and KEGG enrichment for the drug targets of Chonglou active ingredients associated with EMT (EMT-LUAD-Chonglou related genes). And, cell viability analysis and cell invasion and infiltration analysis were used to confirm the theoretical basis of this study. A total of 166 EMT-LUAD related genes were identified and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model with a favorable predictive accuracy was constructed. Meanwhile, the immune cell infiltration, immune cell subsets, checkpoint inhibitors and the expression of m6A-related genes were significantly associated with the risk scores for EMT-LUAD related genes with independent significant prognostic value of all included LUAD patients. Furthermore, 12 EMT-LUAD-Chonglou related genes with five core drug targets were identified, which participated in LUAD development through extracellular matrix disassembly, collagen metabolic process, collagen catabolic process, extracellular matrix organization, extracellular structure organization and inflammatory response. Moreover, we found that the active ingredients of Chonglou could indeed inhibit the progression of lung adenocarcinoma cells. These results are oriented towards EMT-related genes to achieve a better understanding of the role of Chonglou and its targets in osteosarcoma development and metastasis, thus guiding future preclinical studies and facilitating clinical translation of LUAD treatment.
Identification and validation of neurotrophic factor-related gene signatures in glioblastoma and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhao Songyun , Chi Hao , Yang Qian , Chen Shi , Wu Chenxi , Lai Guichuan , Xu Ke , Su Ke , Luo Honghao , Peng Gaoge , Xia Zhijia , Cheng Chao , Lu Peihua
Published: February 2023

Background

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common cancer of the central nervous system, while Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological condition frequently affecting the elderly. Neurotrophic factors are key factors associated with the progression of degenerative neuropathies and gliomas.

Methods

The 2601 neurotrophic factor-related genes (NFRGs) available in the Genecards portal were analyzed and 12 NFRGs with potential roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and the prognosis of GBM were identified. LASSO regression and random forest algorithms were then used to screen the key NFRGs. The correlation of the key NFRGs with immune pathways was verified using GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis). A prognostic risk scoring system was constructed using LASSO (Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and multivariate Cox risk regression based on the expression of the 12 NFRGs in the GBM cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We also investigated differences in clinical characteristics, mutational landscape, immune cell infiltration, and predicted efficacy of immunotherapy between risk groups. Finally, the accuracy of the model genes was validated using multi-omics mutation analysis, single-cell sequencing, QT-PCR, and HPA.

Results

We found that 4 NFRGs were more reliable for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease through the use of machine learning techniques. These results were validated using two external cohorts. We also identified 7 NFRGs that were highly associated with the prognosis and diagnosis of GBM. Patients in the low-risk group had a greater overall survival (OS) than those in the high-risk group. The nomogram generated based on clinical characteristics and risk scores showed strong prognostic prediction ability. The NFRG signature was an independent prognostic predictor for GBM. The low-risk group was more likely to benefit from immunotherapy based on the degree of immune cell infiltration, expression of immune checkpoints (ICs), and predicted response to immunotherapy. In the end, 2 NFRGs (EN1 and LOXL1) were identified as crucial for the development of Parkinson’s disease and the outcome of GBM.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that 4 NFRGs are involved in the progression of PD. The 7-NFRGs risk score model can predict the prognosis of GBM patients and help clinicians to classify the GBM patients into high and low risk groups. EN1, and LOXL1 can be used as therapeutic targets for personalized immunotherapy for patients with PD and GBM.
Assessment of anti-CD20 antibody pre-treatment for augmentation of CAR-T cell therapy in SIV-infected rhesus macaques
Authors: Pampusch Mary S. , Sevcik Emily N. , Quinn Zoe E. , Davey Brianna C. , Berg James M. , Gorrell-Brown Ian , Abdelaal Hadia M. , Rakasz Eva G. , Rendahl Aaron , Skinner Pamela J.
Published: February 2023

During chronic HIV and SIV infections, the majority of viral replication occurs within lymphoid follicles. In a pilot study, infusion of SIV-specific CD4-MBL-CAR-T cells expressing the follicular homing receptor, CXCR5, led to follicular localization of the cells and a reduction in SIV viral loads in rhesus macaques. However, the CAR-T cells failed to persist. We hypothesized that temporary disruption of follicles would create space for CAR-T cell engraftment and lead to increased abundance and persistence of CAR-T cells. In this study we treated SIV-infected rhesus macaques with CAR-T cells and preconditioned one set with anti-CD20 antibody to disrupt the follicles. We evaluated CAR-T cell abundance and persistence in four groups of SIVmac239-infected and ART-suppressed animals: untreated, CAR-T cell treated, CD20 depleted, and CD20 depleted/CAR-T cell treated. In the depletion study, anti-CD20 was infused one week prior to CAR-T infusion and cessation of ART. Anti-CD20 antibody treatment led to temporary depletion of CD20+ cells in blood and partial depletion in lymph nodes. In this dose escalation study, there was no impact of CAR-T cell infusion on SIV viral load. However, in both the depleted and non-depleted animals, CAR-T cells accumulated in and around lymphoid follicles and were Ki67+. CAR-T cells increased in number in follicles from 2 to 6 days post-treatment, with a median 15.2-fold increase in follicular CAR-T cell numbers in depleted/CAR-T treated animals compared to an 8.1-fold increase in non-depleted CAR-T treated animals. The increase in CAR T cells in depleted animals was associated with a prolonged elevation of serum IL-6 levels and a rapid loss of detectable CAR-T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that CAR-T cells likely expanded to a greater extent in depleted/CAR-T cell treated animals. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms mediating the rapid loss of CAR-T cells and to evaluate strategies to improve engraftment and persistence of HIV-specific CAR-T cells. The potential for an inflammatory cytokine response appears to be enhanced with anti-CD20 antibody treatment and future studies may require CRS control strategies. These studies provide important insights into cellular immunotherapy and suggest future studies for improved outcomes.
Understanding the function of the GABAergic system and its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Shan Yu , Zhao Jianan , Zheng Yixin , Guo Shicheng , Schrodi Steven J. , He Dongyi
Published: February 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly disabling chronic autoimmune disease. Multiple factors contribute to the complex pathological process of RA, in which an abnormal autoimmune response, high survival of inflammatory cells, and excessive release of inflammatory factors lead to a severe chronic inflammatory response. Clinical management of RA remains limited; therefore, exploring and discovering new mechanisms of action could enhance clinical benefits for patients with RA. Important bidirectional communication occurs between the brain and immune system in inflammatory diseases such as RA, and circulating immune complexes can cause neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system is a part of the nervous system that primarily comprises GABA, GABA-related receptors, and GABA transporter (GAT) systems. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that binds to GABA receptors in the presence of GATs to exert a variety of pathophysiological regulatory effects, with its predominant role being neural signaling. Nonetheless, the GABAergic system may also have immunomodulatory effects. GABA/GABA-A receptors may inhibit the progression of inflammation in RA and GATs may promote inflammation. GABA-B receptors may also act as susceptibility genes for RA, regulating the inflammatory response of RA via immune cells. Furthermore, the GABAergic system may modulate the abnormal pain response in RA patients. We also summarized the latest clinical applications of the GABAergic system and provided an outlook on its clinical application in RA. However, direct studies on the GABAergic system and RA are still lacking; therefore, we hope to provide potential therapeutic options and a theoretical basis for RA treatment by summarizing any potential associations.
Benthic-pelagic coupling and isotopic fractionation of barium in Kiel Bight, SW Baltic Sea
Authors: Scholz Florian , Cheng Jun , Zhang Zhouling , Vosteen Paul , Siebert Christopher , Frank Martin
Published: February 2023

Barium (Ba) isotopes are a promising new tracer for riverine freshwater input to the ocean and marine biogeochemical cycling. However, many processes that affect Ba cycling at continental margins have not yet been investigated with respect to Ba isotope fractionation. Here, we present a comprehensive data set of Ba concentration and isotope data for water column, pore water and sediment samples from Kiel Bight, a seasonally stratified and hypoxic fjord in the southwestern Baltic Sea. The surface water Ba concentration and Ba isotope inventory of the water column can generally be explained by mixing of riverine freshwater and Atlantic seawater. However, the deep-water below the seasonal pycnocline (10 - 15 m water depth) is characterized by a pronounced positive Ba concentration anomaly (up to 915 nM) that is accompanied by a δ138Ba of ~+0.25 ‰, which is lighter than expected from the seawater-freshwater mixing line (Ba: 77 nM, δ138Ba: +0.32 ‰ at a salinity of 18). Pore water profiles indicate a Ba flux across the sediment-water interface, which contributes to the enrichment in isotopically light Ba in the deep-water. Pore waters of surface sediments and deep-waters are oversaturated with respect to barite. Therefore, barite dissolution is unlikely to account for the benthic Ba flux. Water column Ba concentrations closely correlate with those of the nutrients phosphate and silica, which are removed from surface waters by biological processes and recycled from the sediment by diffusion across the sediment-water interface. As nutrient-to-Ba ratios differ among sites and from those observed in open-marine systems, we propose that Ba is removed from surface waters by adsorption onto biogenic particles (rather than assimilation) and regenerated within surface sediments upon organic matter degradation. Pore water data for subsurface sediments in Kiel Bight indicate preferential transfer of isotopically heavy Ba into an authigenic phase during early diagenesis. Quantifying the burial flux associated with this authigenic Ba phase along continental margins could potentially help to settle the isotopic imbalance between known Ba source and sink fluxes in the ocean.
Data augmentation and deep neural network classification based on ship radiated noise
Authors: Xie Zhuofan , Lin Rongbin , Wang Lingzhe , Zhang Anmin , Lin Jiaqing , Tang Xiaoda
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Various types of ships sail at sea, and identifying maritime ship types through shipradiated noise is one of the tasks of ocean observation. The ocean environment is complex and changeable, such rapid environmental changes underline the difficulties of obtaining a huge amount of samples. Meanwhile, the length of each sample has a decisive influence on the classification results, but there is no universal sampling length selection standard.

Methods

This study proposes an effective framework for ship-radiated noise classification. The framework includes: i) A comprehensive judgment method based on multiple features for sample length selecting. ii) One-dimensional deep convolution generative adversarial network (1-DDCGAN) model to augment the training datasets for small sample problem. iii) One-dimensional convolution neural network (CNN) trained by generated data and real data for ship-radiated noise classification. On this basis, a onedimensional residual network (ResNet) is designed to improve classification accuracy.

Results

Experiments are performed to verify the proposed framework using public datasets. After data augmentation, statistical parameters are used to measure the similarity between the original samples and the generated samples. Then, the generated samples are integrated into the training set. The convergence speed of the network is clearly accelerated, and the classification accuracy is significantly improved in the one-dimensional CNN and ResNet.

Discussion

In this study, we propose an effective framework for the lack of scientific sample length selection and lack of sample number in the classification of ship-radiated noise, but there aret still some problems: high complexity, structural redundancy, poor adaptability, and so on. They are also long-standing problems in this field that needs to be solved urgently.
Life history traits for Ophryotrocha craigsmithi (Wiklund, Glover & Dahlgren, 2009), a candidate species in integrated multitrophic aquaculture
Authors: Svensson Signe Gunborg Bentzrød , Strohmeier Tore , Rastrick Helen , Garcia Antonio Aguera , Lock Erik-Jan , Sveier Harald , Jansen Henrice M.
Published: February 2023

Ophryotrocha craigsmithi (Wiklund, Glover & Dahlgren, 2009) has repeatedly been observed in high densities at salmonid fish farms in Norway and has been shown to feed on the organic waste released during fish production. This species has therefore been pointed out as a candidate for the benthic component of integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA). Little is known about the life history traits of Ophryotrocha species found at greater depths in temperate waters. Insight into life traits is of key importance in evaluating the bio-mitigation and harvest potential of (benthic) species within IMTA systems. In this study, we aimed to describe key life history traits for O. craigsmithi, such as growth, reproductive pattern, and offset of reproduction. The main findings are as follows: (I) O. craigsmithi exhibits early sexual maturation and rapid growth, going from 5 to 16 mm in length in 8 weeks; (II) their estimated lifetime is approximately 15 weeks with a generation time of 4 weeks; (III) there are strong indications that they are gonochoric semicontinuous spawners; (IV) the majority of mature eggs ranged from 120 to 150 µm; and (V) the larvae developed into a free-swimming stage after approximately 1 week. To this end, we present a framework for assessing the suitability of deposit-feeding polychaetes as candidate species in IMTA, considering environmental adaptiveness, production potential, as well as carbon and nitrogen mitigation capacity. On the basis of this, O. craigsmithi shows a high suitability as an extractive farmed species in benthic IMTA.
Experimental study on drag characteristics of the practical rigid net under different current conditions
Authors: Yu Songchen , Qin Hongde , Li Peng , Gong Fangyu , Tian Yu
Published: February 2023

The net structure of a cage is an important component to ensure the survival environment of aquaculture. In order to ensure the safety of the net, an experimental study on practical rigid nets is conducted in this paper. The drag force characteristics of the nets with different mesh sizes and different twine thicknesses are analyzed, and the impact of 90° and 45° attack angles on the drag force characteristics of the net are further studied. The empirical formulae for calculating the drag force of the net under different attack angles are given. The calculated drag forces are compared with the literature, and the results are in good agreement. Particularly, the current velocity is taken as one of the variables in the formulae to include the influence of nonlinear factors caused by the extreme current velocity in the drag force calculation.
Self-Healing Coatings Based on Stimuli-Responsive Release of Corrosion Inhibitors: A Review
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yu Mei , Chen Chao , Li SongMei , Liu JianHua
Published: February 2023

Corrosion inhibitors loaded in coatings promote the protection performance of coatings, avoid the local corrosion of metal substrates, and endow the self-healing properties of the coatings. The stimuli-responsive release of corrosion inhibitors, which is generally achieved by loading corrosion inhibitors in containers, is key to the self-healing and long-term protection of the coatings. The loading and release methods of corrosion inhibitors are discussed in the article. First, two kinds of loading methods for corrosion inhibitors are reviewed, which are one-step synthetic methods and multistep synthetic methods. Then the released methods of corrosion inhibitors, which can be achieved by intrinsic properties and surface modification of containers, are summarized.