bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite-time Behaviour of Solutions to Nonlinear Parabolic Equation
Authors: Yaman Metin , Mısır Zulal
Published: December 2022

In this paper we consider nonlinear parabolic equation with power type nonlinearity which such types of problems occur in
many mathematical models of applied science. We show that there are solutions under some conditions on initial data which blow up
in finite time with positive initial energy.
ENO1 expression and Erk phosphorylation in PDAC and their effects on tumor cell apoptosis in a hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Sun Huizhi , Mo Jing , Cheng Runfen , Li Fan , Li Yue , Guo Yuhong , Li Yanlei , Zhang Yanhui , Bai Xiaoyu , Wang Yalei , Dong Xueyi , Zhang Danfang , Hao Jihui
Published: December 2022

Objective: Hypoxia is an important feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Previously, we found that hypoxia promotes ENO1 expression and PDAC invasion. However, the underlying molecular mechanism was remains unclear. Methods: The relationship between ENO1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed in 84 patients with PADC. The effects of CoCl2-induced hypoxia and ENO1 downregulation on the apoptosis, invasion, and proliferation of PDAC cells were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia- and ENO1-induced gene expression was analyzed by transcriptomic sequencing. Results: The prognosis of PDAC with high ENO1 expression was poor (P < 0.05). High ENO1 expression was closely associated with histological differentiation and tumor invasion in 84 PDAC cases (P < 0.05). Hypoxia increased ENO1 expression in PDAC and promoted its migration and invasion. Apoptotic cells and the apoptosis marker caspase-3 in the CoCl2-treated ENO1-sh group were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic sequencing indicated that CoCl2-induced PDAC cells initiated MAPK signaling. Under hypoxic conditions, PDAC cells upregulated ENO1 expression, thereby accelerating ERK phosphorylation and inhibiting apoptosis (P < 0.05). Consistent results were also observed in a PDAC-bearing mouse hindlimb ischemia model. Conclusions: Hypoxia-induced ENO1 expression promotes ERK phosphorylation and inhibits apoptosis, thus leading to PDAC survival and invasion. These results suggest that ENO1 is a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
How Terminal Potentials Determine the Energy Flow in Electric Circuits
Authors: Oh Minsu
Published: December 2022

In electric circuits, energy is delivered by electromagnetic fields through the space, as suggested by Kraus and Carver. They provide insights by showing electric/magnetic fields and Poynting vector directions around a DC circuit. In this work, the energy flow mechanism by Kraus and Carver is further studied theoretically for arbitrary terminal potentials of a DC power source.
Analysis and Visualization of Scientific Research on Islamic Banking and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Tayachi Tahar , Brahimi Tayeb , Essafi Yasmine , Ben Abdallah Rabeb
Published: December 2022

Recent years have seen dramatic growth in the number of scholarly scientific works dedicated to the topic of Artificial Intelligence (AI), banking, and finance. With the development of scientometric tools, it is now possible to map, visualize, analyze, and assess scientific activities in many fields of engineering and social sciences including Islamic banking and finance. Based on data retrieved from the Scopus database and using a qualitative method, this study investigates, evaluates, and identifies significant development, trends, and players in the application of AI in Islamic banking and finance using the Visualization Of Similarities Method (VOS) between objects in VOSviewer. From 2006 to 2022, 387 documents were retrieved from the Scopus database; Results revealed that the top five most active countries in terms of publications are Malaysia (117 documents), Indonesia (89 documents), the United Kingdom (36 documents), the USA (24 documents), and Saudi Arabia and Bahrain (24 documents each). The International Islamic University Malaysia and Universitas Indonesia came out on top of active institutions while the top funding source came from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia. The comprehensive findings and analysis reported in this study serve as a roadmap for future academics to create theory and practice for applying AI in Islamic banking and finance.
An Overview of Malaria Transmission Mechanisms, Control, and Modeling
Authors: Savi Merveille Koissi
Published: December 2022

In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. As a result of the interplay between many factors, the control of this disease can be challenging. However, few studies have demonstrated malaria's complexity, control, and modeling although this perspective could lead to effective policy recommendations. This paper aims to be a didactic material providing the reader with an overview of malaria. More importantly, using a system approach lens, we intend to highlight the debated topics and the multifaceted thematic aspects of malaria transmission mechanisms, while showing the control approaches used as well as the model supporting the dynamics of malaria. As there is a large amount of information on each subject, we have attempted to provide a basic understanding of malaria that needs to be further developed. Nevertheless, this study illustrates the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach to designing next-generation malaria control policies.
Relationships between Effects of Ag Nanoparticles and Ag Salt on Behavioral and Cognitive Functions of Mice and Ageing
Authors: Antsiferova Anna A. , Kopaeva Marina Yu. , Kashkarov Pavel K.
Published: December 2022

Silver in different forms is used for medical purposes from ancient times. It is not yet well known, which form of silver is more biocompatible and less toxic. Here we considered silver nanoparticles and silver citrate. Also, the relationships of neurotoxicity of silver compaunds with ageing factor is not yet described. To assess the role of nanoform in neurotoxicity of silver and role of ageing a long-term experiment was conducted. We had four control groups of intact mice and four experimental groups which were exposed to silver nanoparticles and silver citrate for two months. Four groups of mice were introduced into the experiment since the age of five months to assess ageing factors. It was shown that the nanoform does play a certain role in neurotoxicity of silver. Silver citrate seems to be a more preferable silver compound. Ageing can be regarded as a positive factor that neutralizes toxic action of silver compounds. It may be due to the development of physiological/cognitive functions with the age as well as adaptation to unnatural content in the individual cages that is definitely stressful for mice.
Information Needs and Communication Strategies for People with Coronary Heart Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zwack Clara , Smith Carlie , Poulsen Vanessa , Raffoul Natalie , Redfern Julie
Published: December 2022

A critical aspect of coronary heart disease (CHD) care and secondary prevention is ensuring patients have access to evidence-based information. The purpose of this review is to summarise the guiding principles, content, context and timing of information and education that is beneficial for supporting people with CHD and potential communication strategies including digital interventions. We conducted a scoping review involving searching four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Medline) for articles published from January 2000 to August 2022. Literature was identified through title and abstract screening by expert reviewers. Evidence was synthesised according to the review aims. Results demonstrated that information-sharing, decision-making, goal-setting, positivity and practicality are important aspects of secondary prevention and should be patient-centred and evidenced based with consideration of patient need and preference. Initiation and duration of education is highly variable between and within people, but hence communication and support should be regular and ongoing. In conclusion, text messaging programs, smartphone applications and wearable devices are examples of digital health strategies that facilitate education and support for patients with heart disease. There is no one size fits all approach that suits all patients at all stages and hence flexibility and a suite of resources and strategies is optimal.
Understanding the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction Asso-Ciated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): Early Effect on Mitochon-Dria and Krebs Cycle Due to Type 3 Deiodinase Dysfunction
Authors: Marschner Rafael Aguiar , Roginski Ana Cristina , Ribeiro Rafael Teixeira , Longo Larisse , de Freitas Laura Bainy Rodrigues , Álvares-da-Silva Mario Reis , Wajner Simone Magagnin
Published: December 2022

Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has gained worldwide attention as a public health problem. Nonetheless, lack of enough mechanistic knowledge restrains effective treatments. It is known that T3 regulate hepatic lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Liver dysfunction of T3 contributes to MAFLD, but its role is not fully understood. Objective: To evaluate the role of T3 dysfunction in the progression of MAFLD in an animal model. Method-ology: Male/adult Sprague Dawley rats (n=20) were allocated to a control group (standard di-et–2.93kcal/g) and diet group (CDHF–4.3kcal/g). Euthanasia took place in the 28th week. D3 ac-tivity and expression, UCP2 and D1 expression, REDOX status, mitochondrial, Krebs cycle and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in liver tissue were measured. Results: We observed an in-crease in D3 activity/expression (P<0.001) related to increased TBARS and carbonyls and GSH reduction in the MAFLD group (P<0.05). There was a T3-dependent decrease in UCP2 expression (P=0.01), mitochondrial capacity, respiratory activity with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in the MAFLD group (P < 0.001). Surprisingly, in and environment with lower T3 levels we observed an augmented alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) and glutamate dehydro-genase (GDH) enzymes activity (P<0.05). Conclusion: Induced D3, triggered by changes in the REDOX state, decreases T3 availability, and hepatic mitochondrial capacity. The Krebs cycle en-zymes were altered as well as reticulum stress. Taken together, these results shed new light on the role of T3 metabolism in MAFLD and new treatment opportunities.
Gut Microbial Perturbation and Host Response Induces Redox Pathway Upregulation along the Gut-liver Axis during Giardiasis in C57BL/6J Mouse Model
Authors: Karpe Avinash V , Hutton Melanie L , Mileto Steven J , James Meagan L , Evans Chris , Ghodke Amol B , Shah Rohan M , Metcalfe Suzanne S , Liu Jian-Wei , Walsh Tom , Lyras Dena , Palombo Enzo A , Beale David J
Published: December 2022

Apicomplexan infections, such as giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, negatively impact a considerable proportion of human and commercial livestock populations. Despite this, the molecular mecha-nisms of disease, particularly the effect on the body beyond the gastrointestinal tract, are still poorly understood. To highlight host-parasite-microbiome biochemical interactions, we utilised integrated metabolomics-16S rRNA genomics and metabolomics-proteomics approaches in a C57BL/6J mouse model of giardiasis and compared these to Cryptosporidium and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infections. Comprehensive samples (faeces, blood, liver, and luminal contents from duo-denum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon) were collected 10 days post infection and subjected to proteome and metabolome analysis by liquid and gas chromatographic mass-spectrometry, re-spectively. Microbial populations in faeces and luminal washes were examined using 16S rRNA metagenomics. Proteome-metabolome analyses indicated that 12 and 16 key pathways were sig-nificantly altered in the gut and liver, respectively, during giardiasis with respect to other infections. Energy pathways including glycolysis and supporting pathways of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and redox pathway of glutathione metabolism, were upregulated in small intestinal luminal contents and the liver during giardiasis. Metabolomics-16S rRNA genetics integration in-dicated that populations of three bacterial families –Autopobiaceae (Up), Desulfovibrionaceae (Up) and Akkermanasiaceae (Down) – were most significantly affected across the gut during giardiasis, causing upregulated glycolysis and short-chained fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. In particular, the perturbed Akkermanasiaceae population seemed to cause oxidative stress responses along the gut-liver axis. Overall, the systems biology approach applied in this study highlighted that the effects of host-parasite-microbiome biochemical interactions extended beyond the gut ecosystem to the gut-liver axis. These findings form the first steps in a comprehensive comparison to ascertain the major molecular and biochemical contributors of host-parasite interactions and contribute towards the development of biomarker discovery and precision health solutions for apicomplexan infections.
Failure Characteristics and Scale in a Sandstone Joint Subjected to Direct Shear Testing: Experimental Investigation with Acoustic Emission Monitoring
Authors: Liu Chang , Feng Guang-Liang , Zhu Chun , Xu Ding-Ping
Published: December 2022

An in-depth recognition of the failure characteristics and scale of joints is of great significance for the stability assessment in rock engineering. Unfortunately, due to the close fitting of the upper and lower blocks of the joint under direct shear tests, the shear failure of joints are difficult to observe directly during the shear process. Thus, in this work, direct shear tests were carried out on sandstone joints subjected to three levels of normal stress while the acoustic emission (AE) in the rock is synchronously monitored. The failure characteristics of rock joints were then investigated by calibrating the AE system and combining them with the AE location results and shear load curves. A method was established to determine the failure scale of the rock joint that uses the AE moment tensor and first law of thermodynamics. The results show that the degree of failure of the rock joints increases as the normal stress increases. Also, the shear failure of the rock joints is localized and occurs synchronously, rather than sequentially in different areas. The average length of the microfractures formed in the shear process correlates with the average mineral grain size. On the other hand, the maximum length of the microfractures appears to have different values depending on the normal stress present. Our results have significant reference value for the precursory identification of shear disaster in engineering rock masses.
Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Geodynamic Implications of Permo-Triassic Back-Arc Basin Successions in the North Pamir, Central Asia
Authors: Rembe Johannes , Sobel Edward R. , Kley Jonas , Terbishalieva Baiansulu , Musiol Antje , Chen Jie , Zhou Renjie
Published: December 2022

The Permo-Triassic period marks the time interval between Hercynian (Variscan) orogenic events in the Tien Shan and the North Pamir, and the Cimmerian accretion of the Gondwana-derived Central and South Pamir to the southern margin of the Paleo-Asian continent. A well-preserved Permo-Triassic volcano-sedimentary sequence from the Chinese North Pamir yields important information on the geodynamic evolution of Asia’s pre-Cimmerian southern margin. The oldest volcanic rocks from that section are dated to the late Guadalupian epoch by a rhyolite and a dacitic dike that gave zircon U-Pb ages of ~260 Ma. Permian volcanism was largely pyroclastic and mafic to intermediate. Upsection, a massive ignimbritic crystal tuff in the Chinese Qimgan valley was dated to 244.1±1.1 Ma, a similar unit in the nearby Gez valley to 245±11 Ma, and an associated rhyolite to 233.4±1.1 Ma. Deposition of the locally ~200 m thick crystal tuff unit follows an unconformity and marks the onset of intense, mainly mafic to intermediate, calc-alkaline magmatic activity. Triassic volcanic activity in the North Pamir was coeval with the major phase of Cimmerian intrusive activity in the Karakul-Mazar arc-accretionary complex to the south, caused by northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys. It also coincided with the emplacement of basanitic and carbonatitic dikes and a thermal event in the South Tien Shan, to the north of our study area. Evidence for arc-related magmatic activity in a back-arc position provides strong arguments for back-arc extension or transtension and basin formation. This puts the Qimgan succession in line with a more than 1000 km long realm of extensional Triassic back-arc basins known from the North Pamir in the Kyrgyz Altyn Darya valley (Myntekin formation), the North Pamir of Tajikistan and Afghanistan, and the Afghan Hindukush (Doab formation) and further west from the Paropamisus and Kopet Dag (Aghdarband, NE Iran).
Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fracturing on Shale Pore Structure
Authors: Zhang Xiufeng , Zhu Wancheng , Konietzky Heinz , Liu Shuyuan , Peng Yan
Published: December 2022

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fracturing technology has the potential for shale reservoir stimulation. Most studies have predominantly focused on the fracture morphology of shales after SC-CO2 fracturing, while the alterations in shale pore structure have rarely been investigated. Here, CO2 adsorption, liquid nitrogen (N2) adsorption, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were used to quantitatively characterize the changes in the pore shape, volume, and area as well as fractal characteristics of shales fractured by water and SC-CO2. The results show that the changes in micro-, meso-, and macropores are controlled by the injection pressure, axial-confining pressure, and infiltration range of SC-CO2 and water. However, both hydraulic fracturing and SC-CO2 fracturing do not alter the dominance of the plate-shaped and slit-type pores in the shales. For samples away from the induced fracture, the extent of SC-CO2 infiltration is greater than that of water, which is documented by the increase in total CO2 adsorption, cumulative intrusion, incremental/cumulative pore volumes of macropores, and porosity. After hydraulic/SC-CO2 fracturing, the proportions of micropores and mesopores reduce sharply, while the proportion of macropores increases significantly, reaching above 70%. Both hydraulic/SC-CO2 fracturing operations result in more regular pore structures and smoother pore surfaces for meso- and macropores near the induced fractures. However, by comparing the average fractal dimension of the samples near the induced fractures after hydraulic/SC-CO2 fracturing, it is found that the treatment of SC-CO2 makes the mesopores structure more complex and the pore surface of mesopores and macropores rougher.
Factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay in primary total knee arthroplasty following enhanced recovery after surgery protocol：a single‑center retrospective study
Authors: Wei Changbao , Ji Yuan , Gu Sanjun , Liu Yu , Shao Mu , Yin Qin , Li Haifeng
Published: December 2022

Background
Decreasing the length of stay (LOS) is an ideal way to appropriately allocate medical and health resources. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of prolonged LOS after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.
Methods
220 patients who underwent primary TKA in strict accordance with ERAS protocol from January 2018 to December 2021 were included in the retrospective study. Prolonged LOS was defined as more than 5 days. The factors with a P value less than 0.1 in the univariate analysis were further analyzed in a multivariate model. A binary Logistic regression was performed to screen the independent risk factors for a prolonged LOS.
Results
Binary Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed patients' age (OR = 3.320, 95%CI 1.209–9.115, P = 0.020), complications of ischemic heart disease (OR = 4.917, 95%CI 1.046–23.114, P = 0.044), operation time (OR = 1.966, 95%CI 1.006–3.840, P = 0.048) and surgical day of the week (OR = 0.268, 95%CI 0.092–0.786, P = 0.016) were independent risk factors for prolonged LOS. Further stratified analysis showed that patients older than 70 years had 3.32 times the risk of prolonged LOS compared with patients younger than 60 years. Patients with more than 90 minutes of surgery had 1.966 times the risk of prolonged LOS compared with patients with less than 90 minutes of surgery. Having surgery on Monday is significantly associated with the highest odds of prolonged LOS.
Conclusions
Patients older than 70 years, operation time of more than 90 minutes, with ischemic heart disease, and having surgery on Monday are independent risk factors for prolonged LOS after TKA following ERAS protocol. Early identification and optimization of these factors can help shorten LOS and further maximize the use of medical resources.
The effectiveness of clinical guideline implementation strategies in oncology: a systematic review
Authors: Bora Ana-Mihaela , Piechotta Vanessa , Kreuzberger Nina , Monsef Ina , Wender Andreas , Follmann Markus , Nothacker Monika , Skoetz Nicole
Published: December 2022

Importance: Guideline recommendations do not necessarily translate into changes in clinical practice behaviour or better patient outcomes.
Objective: This systematic review aims to identify recent clinical guideline implementation strategies in oncology and to determine their effect primarily on patientrelevant outcomes and secondarily on healthcare professionals' adherence.
Evidence Review: A systematic search of five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, GIN, CENTRAL, CINAHL) was conducted between August and September 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) assessing the effectiveness of guideline implementation strategies on patient-relevant outcomes (overall survival, quality of life, adverse events) and healthcare professionals' adherence outcomes (screening, referral, prescribing, attitudes, knowledge) in the oncological setting, were targeted. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the ROBINS-I tool were used for assessing the risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE recommendations.
Findings: Of 1058 records identified, six studies, two stepped-wedge cluster RCTs and four controlled before-and after studies, were included in the narrative synthesis. All six studies assess the effect of multi-component interventions in 2024 cancer patients and 281 healthcare professionals. None of the included studies reported overall survival and adverse events. Compared to no intervention, educational meetings combined with materials, opinion leaders, audit and feedback, and a tailored intervention or academic detailing may slightly increase referral rates. Still, the certainty in this evidence is low. The effect of multi-component interventions compared to no intervention on the quality of life of cancer patients and screening rates, prescribing behaviour, attitudes, and knowledge of healthcare professionals is very uncertain.
Conclusions and Relevance: Knowledge and skill accumulation through team-oriented or online educational training and dissemination of materials embedded in multi-component interventions seem to be the most frequently researched guideline implementation strategies in the last years in oncology. This systematic review cannot conclude which implementation strategy or combination of strategies is most effective, still, it gives an overview of recent strategies used for guideline implementation in oncology and can inform policymakers, professional organisations, and institutions on the development and adoption of implementation strategies.
Using expert and spectral methods to assess visually attractive urban informal green spaces in Lublin, Poland.
Authors: Kamiński Jan , Soszyński Dawid , Trzaskowska Ewa , Stuczyński Tomasz , Siebielec Grzegorz , Głowienka Ewa , Poręba Ludwika
Published: December 2022

The objectives of the study is to develop the criteria for
expert assesment of visual attractiveness of informal urban green
spaces and compare results with indicators derived from spectral
indexes and GIS data. The study area is Lublin in Poland, a
medium-sized European city. Expert assessment includes: general
assessment - defining overall attractiveness, naturalness,
landscape contrast and uniqueness. We juxtaposed the results with
spectral indexes and GIS data. The analyses were performed for the
target areas and a 300 m buffers around them. The spectral indexes
largely confirm the results of the expert assessment. Clear
relationship exists between overall attractiveness and temperature
and between landscape contrast and temperature. Areas with greater
landscape contrast also have a larger difference in index values
between the area and the buffer. There is a positive correlation
between overall attractiveness and land slope. Spectral indexes
also indicated the value of some sites that received a lower expert
assessment. We suggest that the most visually attractive areas be
called “enchanted natural places" (ENPs) as a tool for formalising
the protection of these areas. Spectral indexes confirm the values
of ENPs, but also shown the value of sites with lower expert
assessment, more common “bushes and shrubs”.
Mutations in the B30.2 and the Central Helical scaffold domains of pyrin differentially affect inflammasome activation
Authors: chirita Daria , Magnotti Flora , Bronnec Pauiine , Dalmon Sarah , Martin Amandine , Popoff michel , Gerfaud-Valentin Mathieu , Seve Pascal , Belot Alexandre , Contis Anne , Duquesne Agnes , nocturne gaetane , lemelle Irene , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie , Boursier Guilaine , Touitou Isabelle , Jamilloux Yvan , Henry Thomas
Published: December 2022

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disorder. FMF is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene, encoding pyrin, an inflammasome sensor. The best characterized pathogenic mutations associated with FMF cluster in exon 10. Yet, mutations have been described along the whole MEFV coding sequence. Exon 10 encodes the B30.2 domain of the pyrin protein, but the function of this human-specific domain remains unclear. Pyrin is an inflammasome sensor detecting RhoA GTPase inhibition following exposure to bacterial toxins such as TcdA. Here, we demonstrate that the B30.2 domain is dispensable for pyrin inflammasome activation in response to this toxin. Deletion of the B30.2 domain mimics the most typical FMF-associated mutation and confers spontaneous inflammasome activation in response to pyrin dephosphorylation. Our results indicate that the B30.2 domain is a negative regulator of the pyrin inflammasome that acts independently from and downstream of pyrin dephosphorylation. Additionally, we identify the central helical scaffold (CHS) domain of pyrin, which lies immediately upstream of the B30.2 domain as a second regulatory domain. Mutations affecting the CHS domain mimic pathogenic mutations in the B30.2 domain and render the pyrin inflammasome activation under the sole control of the dephosphorylation. In addition, specific mutations in the CHS domain strongly increase the cell susceptibility to steroid catabolites, recently described to activate pyrin, in both a cell line model and in monocytes from genotype-selected FMF patients. Taken together, our work reveals the existence of two distinct regulatory regions at the C-terminus of the pyrin protein, that act in a distinct manner to regulate positively or negatively inflammasome activation. Furthermore, our results indicate that different mutations in pyrin regulatory domains have different functional impacts on the pyrin inflammasome which could contribute to the diversity of pyrin-associated autoinflammatory diseases.
Overcoming Strength-Ductility Trade-off by Annealing Induced Lattice Defects Reorganization in a Shock-Loaded CrCoNi-based Medium-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Shan Guibin , An Minrong , Wang Cunxian , Dong Hao , Zhao Feng , Cong Yubin , Jiang Kun , Ye Tian , Li Jianguo , Liu Feng , Suo Tao , Chen Yuzeng
Published: December 2022

Annealing of cold-deformed metals often leads to softening of the metals due to the annihilation of lattice defects produced upon deformation. Here we show that in a shock-loaded CrCoNi-based medium-entropy alloy, the yield strength is enhanced by 33% and ductility is substantially improved by 19% after low-temperature annealing treatment. The improved properties stem from the ultra-high density lattice defects (dislocations, stacking faults and twins) produced upon a novel dynamic equal channel angular pressing at liquid nitrogen temperature under an ultra-high strain rate of 1.17 × 105 s− 1. Reorganization of lattice defects to nanotwins via the expansion of initial nanotwins or the glide of partial dislocations occurs during the annealing treatment. The nanotwins can exert strong interaction with the dislocations and thus produce substantial strengthening and increase the strain-hardening capability of alloys. These results provide insights into understanding the annealing strengthening mechanisms in severely plastic-deformed metals.
Mechanosensitive non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerization in closed chemical systems
Authors: Lang Xianhua , Huang Yingjie , He Lirong , Wang Yixi , Thumu Udayabhaskararao , Chu Zonglin , Huck Wilhelm , Zhao Hui
Published: December 2022

Inspired by biofuel-driven dissipative self-assembly in nature, chemical fuel-driven supramolecular systems have been developed showing out-of-equilibrium functions such as transient gelation and oscillations. However, these systems suffer from undesired waste accumulation and they function only in open systems. Herein, we report non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerizations in closed chemical systems. The system is built by viologens and pyranine in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. On shaking, the viologens were quickly activated by oxidation by air followed by self-assembly of pyranine into micrometer-sized nanotubes. The self-assembled nanotubes disassembled spontaneously over time by the reduced agent, with nitrogen as the only waste product. The dissipative supramolecular polymerization could be repeated at least 6 times even in a closed system. Our mechanosensitive dissipative self-assembly process could be extended to fabricate a chiral transient supramolecular helix by introducing chiral charged small molecules into the system. More specifically, we show that shaking could induce transient fluorescence enhancement or quenching depending on substitution of viologens. Ultrasound was introduced as a specific shaking way to generate template-free reproducible patterns.
Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of 31,000 autistic individuals identifies three distinct groups of language comprehension abilities
Authors: Vyshedskiy Andrey , Venkatesh Rohan , Khokhlovich Edward
Published: December 2022

The fundamental question of language acquisition has intrigued humanity since the beginning of recorded history. One of the earliest testaments to this has been left by Greek historian Herodotus, who described a legendary experiment conducted by the Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus (664-610 BC) on two newborn babies which were deprived of verbal contact in hope that they will develop their own, “primordial” language. In modern times, the acquisition of vocabulary has been studied in great detail, but surprisingly little attention has been paid to acquisition of more complex language comprehension abilities. In this study we assess 14 language comprehension abilities in 31,845 autistic individuals using parent-generated reports. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified three distinct language comprehension phenotypes: 1) individuals in the command language phenotype were limited to comprehension of their name and simple commands (40% participants); 2) individuals in the modifier language phenotype showed additional comprehension of color, size, and number modifiers (43%); and 3) individuals in the most-advanced prepositional language phenotype added comprehension of spatial prepositions, verb tenses, flexible syntax, possessive pronouns, and fairytales (17%). The three language comprehension phenotypes likely correspond to three distinct neurological mechanisms. Elucidation of these neurological mechanisms is important not only for developing better treatment options for individuals with language deficits, but also for understanding of language evolution in archaic humans, who may have acquired language comprehension in a similar three-step-wise fashion.
Studies on the disease resistance of rice restorer lines with PI9 blast resistance gene produced by dominant genic male sterile
Authors: Jiang Jianhua , Dang Xiaojing , zhang ying , Wang Dezheng
Published: December 2022

Rice blast is one of the most serious fungal diseases of rice. The most effective strategy for the control of rice blast is to use resistant genes to breed resistant varieties. The resistance gene PI9 is the first clone of the broad-spectrum resistance gene to rice blast, which has high level resistance to the races of magnaporthe grisea in many countries and regions. In this study, a two-line restorer line R998 with high blast resistance, good grain quality and high combining ability was developed by crossing 08C453-1 with Yangdao 6. The near-isogenic lines library of dominant genic male sterile (GMS) was established by backcrossing the elite germplasm of two-line restorer lines with GMS materials, the male sterile plants were selected from the library and crossed with R998 to F2, then the excellent individual plants with comprehensive traits were selected. Identification and screening techniques of rice blast, such as molecular assistant screening, artificial inoculation and induced selection of disease areas, were used, six restorer lines derived from R998 resistant to rice blast, R1501, anxiang 15, R1032, R1392, R7766 and R8917, were developed. The results showed that 71.5% of R998 and its six derived two-line restorers were moderately resistant. In addition, 9 medium indica varieties were bred by R998 and its 6 derived restorer lines, including 3 in China and 6 in province. Among them, Moliangyou 1501 composite index was 3.5 grade, the highest loss rate was 2.3 grade, and other varieties composite index was 4.1–5.5 grade, which was 1–3 grade higher than the control, the highest loss rate of other varieties was between 4.5–5.5 except for 7.0 in haoliangyou 729, which was 2–4 lower than the control. This study provides an idea for group breeding using dominant genic male sterile polymerized favorable genes.
The nucleoporin NUP160 and NUP96 regulate nucleocytoplasmic export of mRNAs and participate in ethylene signaling and response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Nie Yuanyuan , Li Yang , Liu Menghui , Ma Binran , Sui Xinying , Chen Jiacai , Yu Yanchong , Dong Chun-Hai
Published: December 2022

The two-way transport of mRNAs between the nucleus and cytoplasm are controlled by the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In higher plants, the NPC contains at least 30 nucleoporins. The Arabidopsis nucleoporins are involved in various biological processes such as pathogen interaction, nodulation, cold response, flowering, and hormone signaling. However, little is known about the regulatory functions of the nucleoporin NUP160 and NUP96 in ethylene signaling pathway. In the present study, we provided data showing that the Arabidopsis nucleoporin NUP160 and NUP96 participate in ethylene signaling-related mRNAs nucleocytoplasmic transport. The Arabidopsis nucleoporin mutants (nup160, nup96-1, nup96-2) exhibited enhanced ethylene sensitivity. Nuclear qRT-PCR analysis and poly(A)-mRNA in situ hybridization showed thatthe nucleoporin mutants affected the nucleocytoplasmic transport of all the examined mRNAs, including the ethylene signaling-related mRNAs such as ETR2, ERS1, ERS2, EIN4, CTR1, EIN2, and EIN3. Transcriptome analysis of the nucleoporin mutants provided clues suggesting that the nucleoporin NUP160 and NUP96 may participate ethylene signaling via various molecular mechanisms. These observations significantly advance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of nucleoporin proteins in ethylene signaling and ethylene response.
How fine root turnover functions during mangrove root zone expansion and affects belowground carbon processes
Authors: Lin Qiulian , Chen L.Z. , Zhang Jialin , Wang Liangchen , Yu Xinyue , Guo Qiang
Published: December 2022

Background and aims
Fine roots help to maintain sediment volume and resist soil compaction in mangroves. In addition, fine root turnover contributes to belowground carbon stocks. This study focused on root zone dynamics, and aimed to quantify the composition of live and dead fine roots and analyze their functions during root zone expansion and belowground carbon accumulation.
Methods
Shallow surface elevation tables for measuring root zone expansion were set up in Dongzhaigang Bay of Hainan Province, China; root cores and in-growth bags for measuring fine root biomass and turnover rates were used in four typical mangrove forests.
Results
Fine root biomass contributed over 60% to belowground roots, and was mainly composed of up to 69.25% dead fine roots. Fine root productivity ranged from 1.97 to 5.30 t ha− 1 yr− 1 and did not showed significantly difference among these forests. Fine root turnover rates ranged from 6–14% per year within the four forests, showing the fastest in Bruguiera forest, followed by Kandelia forest, Sonneratia plantation and Rhizophora forest. Root zone expansion rates ranged from 0.55 to 1.28 mm yr− 1, and was positively related to live fine root biomass within the upper 50 cm layer of sediment in the four forests types (R2 = 0.625, p = 0.0022).
Conclusions
Live fine root biomass took up less than 30.75% of belowground biomass, but remarkably supported 62.5% of root zone expansion in mangroves. Turnover rates of fine roots significantly contributed to the highly dynamic changes in the carbon processes of subsurface sediment.
A new special femoral neck osteotomy method for application in the surgical treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and severe thoracolumbar kyphosis combined with hip flexion contracture
Authors: Yang Xin , Wang Qiwei , Meng Zhicao , Liu Heng , Wu Hao , Juma Talante , Wang Yu , Cao Yongping
Published: December 2022

Background
Surgeons often experience difficulty operating on patients with ankylosing spondylitis who have thoracolumbar kyphosis combined with hip fusion. Femoral osteotomy is used when performing pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). We evaluate the effect of a new special femoral neck osteotomy (FNO) method in the surgical treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and severe thoracolumbar kyphosis combined with hip flexion contracture.
Methods
We included 5 male patients with 9 bone-fused hips who underwent the new femoral neck osteotomy from October 2021 to March 2022. We designed the saw blade to be manipulated from the lateral femoral neck base to the inferior part of the femoral head, keeping Pauwels’ angle less than 30° on the coronal plane. On the transverse plane, the angle between the saw blade and the coronal plane was more than 15°. On the sagittal plane, the saw blade cut through the femoral neck.
Results
The average operation time and blood loss of FNO, the average interval between FNO and THA were showed. The average angle of the trunk and lower limb (ATL) was 36.33 ± 16.36° pre-FNO, 82.89 ± 13.51° post-FNO and 175.22 ± 3.42° post-THA. The average visual analogue scale (VAS) scores was 0 pre-FNO, 5 ± 1.58 post-FNO and 2.6 ± 0.55 post-THA. The average Harris hip score (HHS) was 43.56 ± 1.59 preoperatively and 83.89 ± 2.21 postoperatively. The average hip extension range of motion (ROM) was 23.89 ± 12.69° pre-FNO, -22.67 ± 14.18° post-FNO and − 3.33 ± 2.50 post-THA°. The average hip flexion ROM was 23.89 ± 12.69° pre-FNO, 35.56 ± 12.11° post-FNO and 104.44 ± 5.27° post-THA. The differences among them were significant (P < 0.05). Only one hip (11.11%) was dislocated after FNO.
Conclusions
We developed a new special FNO, which can provide osteotomy with a certain degree of stability and greater ease for performing PSO and THA.
Factors associated with professional identity of rehabilitation therapy students in China:A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zheng Yan-xue , Tao Huan
Published: December 2022

Objective To investigate the current situation and factors influencing the professional identity of rehabilitation therapy students through questionnaires, and to provide reference for improving students' professional identity and proposing effective coping strategies.
Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 189 rehabilitation students in a university in Gansu Province using general information questionnaire and professional identity scale; SPSS26.0 software was used to analyze the data statistically.
ResultsThe total score of professional identity of rehabilitation therapy students was (84.76±12.30), and the scores of each dimension were from highest to lowest: affective>cognitive>behavioral>appropriateness.
Conclusion The professional identity of rehabilitation therapy students is at a moderate to high level, and the influencing factors include students' education and the way they choose their profession.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a multicenter retrospective study from the central China
Authors: Liu Chenguang , Liu Shiyang , Yu Tianyao , Wu Xinhong , Zheng Weihong , Li Shuyu , Yao Tian , Gui Zhangwei , Zhang Lin
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) and non-PABC patients, and to analyze the prognostic factors.
Methods: PABC patients ≤ 40 years old who were treated in three large tertiary institutions from January 1, 2016 to August 1, 2020 were included. The population and tumor characteristics of the patients were collected, and their survival were followed up. For each case, a non-PABC patient was matched as a control.
Results: A total of 69 PABC patients and 69 non-PABC patients were included in the study. Compared with the non-PABC group, the clinical stage of PABC patients was later. In the univariate and multivariate analysis of all patients with breast cancer, it was found that the prognosis of PBAC patients was worse than that of controls and pregnancy correlation was not an independent factor affecting the prognosis of breast cancer. Moreover, there was no significant difference in clinicopathological characteristics between pregnancy and postpartum breast cancer. In the analysis of prognostic factors of PABC patients, we found that gestational weight gain (GWG) and vascular invasion were important factors affecting disease-free survival (DFS) of PABC patients, while oral contraceptive and clinical stage were important factors affecting their overall survival (OS).
Conclusions: The prognosis of PABC patients was worse. However, pregnancy correlation was not an independent factor affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Vascular invasion and inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain were important factors affecting recurrence and metastasis in PABC patients. Generally speaking, it is necessary to pay more attention to weight gain during pregnancy.
Surface Properties of Molds for Powder Injection Molding and Their Effect on Feedstock Moldability and Mold Adhesion
Authors: Demers Vincent , Kurusu Rafael S. , Gholami Mohsen , Demarquette Nicole R.
Published: December 2022

The surface energy of various mold materials for low-pressure powder injection molding was evaluated using values of contact angles (Owens-Wendt method), and correlated with the feedstock moldability and mold adhesion. The surface tension of the binder used to formulate a metallic-based feedstock was also measured in the molten state at a typical injection temperature using the pendant drop technique. Real-scale injection tests were performed into metallic and polymeric mold cavities to assess the feedstock moldability and its adhesion with the mold surfaces that were compared with theoretical predictions obtained from the surface energies values. The results confirmed that the adhesion was significantly affected by the interfacial energy between the mold and the binder - in this case, the metallic mold exhibited low adhesion as compared to the polymeric mold. It was finally demonstrated that the adhesion phenomenon is only related to the surface properties of the mold (i.e., they are not related to the solidification rate) - in this case, a gold-coated polymeric mold produced the moldability of a polymeric mold and the adhesion properties of a metallic mold, which translated into a high moldability potential, with no resulting adhesion of the feedstock with the mold.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for management of hydrocephalus associated with Chiari malformation type II in children
Authors: El-Ghandour Nasser M. F. , Salama Mohamed M , Ghoneim Mohamed Adel , Attia Ahmed M.
Published: December 2022

Background: Hydrocephalus is commonly associated with Chiari malformation (CM) particularly CM type II. The traditional treatment of hydrocephalus in these patients has been cerebrospinal fluid diversion by shunts. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has emerged as an alternative procedure in these patients.
Purpose: Assessment of the clinical and radiological outcomes of ETV in the management of hydrocephalus in children with CM II.
Methods: This is a prospective study conducted on 18 patients with CM II associated with hydrocephalus admitted to Cairo University hospitals between January 2020 and June 2021. These patients had been managed surgically by ETV. Clinical outcome was assessed based on improvement of manifestations of increased intracranial pressure while radiological outcome was based on the findings of postoperative computed tomography. In cases with early failure, serial lumbar puncture (LP) was performed for 2 days.
Results: ETV was performed as a secondary procedure in 4 cases. The overall success rate of the procedure was 72%, and its success rate as a secondary procedure was 100%. Serial LP was effective in decreasing early failure in 44.4% of cases. Radiological regression of hydrocephalic changes was detected in 50% of the cases.
Conclusion: ETV is an efficient and safe procedure in treatment of hydrocephalus in children with Chiari malformation II, particularly when performed as a secondary procedure. Serial LP following the procedure increases the success rate in patients with early failure.
Inhalable SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for single-dose dry-powder aerosol immunization and orchestrated mucosal/systemic immune responses
Authors: Ye Tong , Jiao Zhouguang , Li Xin , He Zhanlong , Li Yanyan , Yang Fengmei , Zhao Xin , Wang Youchun , Huang Weijin , Qin Meng , Feng Yingmei , Qiu Yefeng , Yang Wenhui , Hu Lingfei , Hu Yaling , Zhai Yu , Wang Erqiang , Yu Di , Wang Shuang , Yue Hua , Wang Hengliang , Zhu Li , Ma Guanghui , Wei Wei
Published: December 2022

The ongoing coronavirus disease pandemic has fostered major advances in vaccination technologies; however, there are urgent needs of mucosal immune responses and single-dose, non-invasive administration. Here, we develop a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for single-dose, dry-powder aerosol inhalation that induces potent systemic and mucosal immune responses. Our vaccine encapsulates proteinaceous cholera toxin B subunit-assembled nanoparticles displaying the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen (R-CNP) within microcapsules of optimal aerodynamic size, and such unique nano-micro coupled structure supports efficient alveoli delivery, sustained R-CNP release, and antigen presenting cell uptake, which are favorable for invocation of immune responses. Moreover, our vaccine successfully induces robust serological IgG and secretory IgA production, collectively conferring effective protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge (including pseudovirus and the authentic virus) in mice, hamsters, and non-human primates. Finally, we also demonstrate a “mosaic iteration” of our vaccine that co-displays ancestral and Omicron’s antigens, thus extending the breadth of antibody response against co-circulating strains and transmission of Omicron variant. These findings support our inhalable vaccine as a promising candidate to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease, and transmission.