bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of the ecological impacts of viticultural practices on soil biodiversity
Authors: Gontier Laure , Karimi Battle , Cahurel Jean-Yves , Ranjard Lionel
Published: January 2025

Soil quality and adequate soil management are key levers for sustainable viticulture. Until now, a global and comprehensive analysis of the impact of viticultural practices on soil biodiversity was lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of the international literature to rank viticultural production systems and practices according to their impact. Tillage, bare soil and mineral fertilisation are significantly deleterious to the whole soil biodiversity, whereas cover crops, organic fertilisers and pruning wood inputs are beneficial.
A Roadmap to Superintelligence: Architectures, Transformations, and Challenges in Modern AI Development
Authors: Magana Vsevolodovna Ruslan Idelfonso
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the trajectory of artificial intelligence (AI) development, focusing on three key stages: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI). Recent advancements in AI architectures, particularly the evolution of transformer-based models, have significantly accelerated progress across these stages, enabling more sophisticated and scalable AI systems. This paper explores the architectural foundations of ANI, AGI, and ASI, highlighting recent modifications and their implications for future AI development. Additionally, the societal, ethical, and geopolitical implications of AI are discussed, emphasizing the need for robust safeguards and governance frameworks to ensure that AI serves as a force for human advancement rather than a source of existential risk. By integrating historical comparisons, current trends, and future projections, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformative potential of AI and its impact on humanity.
The Gut-Brain Axis and Depression: Understanding Microbiota-Driven Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Zainal Abidin Zakirah , Kamaruddin Norshafarina Shari , Hein Zaw Myo , Che Mohd Nassir Che Mohd Nasril , Ramli Muhammad Danial Che
Published: January 2025

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted neurological condition impacted by biologica, psychological and environmental variables. Emerging research highlights the crucial role of the gut-brain axis (GBA), a bidirectional communication system connecting the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of depression. The gut plays a significant role in mental health. It influences key processes such as neurotransmitter production, immune function, and metabolism. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has been linked to several factors that contribute to depression which includes neuroinflammation, disrupted neurotransmitter synthesis, and heightened hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Key processes influenced by the gut-brain axis include the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the regulation of the kynurenine pathway as well the stimulation of the vagus nerve. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has shown to support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria which have potential in restoring gut microbial balance and alleviating depression symptoms. However, further research is crucial to establish definitive cause-and-effect relationships and identify specific microbial markers associated with depression. This will enable the development of standardized microbial therapies, explain the diverse gut microbiota compositions observed in individuals with depression, and investigate how environmental and genetic factors influence these interactions. Addressing these challenges has the potential to pave the way for novel and targeted mental health treatments.
Phenomenological Model for Kinematic Description of the Universe
Authors: Rekker Astrid , Mankin Romi
Published: January 2025

In the framework of the Robertson–Walker metric, we investigate the behavior of a subordinated cosmic scale factor a(t). The parent process a˜(τ) is modeled as a sharp phase transition between two Einstein universes, each with different total energies E1 and E2, at a specific moment τc of the operational time τ. To account for the effect of random clocks, which may arise from differences in the physical properties of dark matter and ordinary matter, this model incorporates a random operational time in the form of an inverse, strictly increasing Lévy-type subordinator. As an observable in physical time t, a(t) is defined as the mean of the parent process over an ensemble of realizations of the inverse subordinator. Specifically, we show that, under certain parameter regimes, the evolution of a(t) mimics primordial inflation, subsequent decelerated expansion, and cosmic acceleration. Employing energy conservation in a closed, expanding universe, we discuss the possibility of incorporating matter density evolution. Furthermore, we establish the emergence of dark energy. We believe that this work introduces a novel application of fractional calculus to cosmology.
Accuracy Score for Evaluation of Classification on Imbalanced Data
Authors: Wu Yue , Cannistraci Carlo Vittorio
Published: January 2025

Imbalanced data pose a challenge to the evaluation of trained machine-learning models due to evaluation bias, leading to inappropriate models for real-world applications. Data augmentation serves as a possible solution, but it introduces uncertainty due to the augmentation strategy and the data quality. Comparing measures which rely on diverse statistical principles to assess classification performance in imbalanced data is beneficial in this uncertainty situations. Here, we approach this challenge proposing the accuracy score (AC-score) which combines sensitivity and specificity in an unbiased measure with two relevant properties. First, AC-score is symmetric with respect to both positive and negative classes, this implies that AC-score adapts to cases where both classes have equal importance. Second, AC-score penalizes more than other existing measures the models whose prediction favors one class over the other. We show that AC-score is more conservative than geometric mean, AUC-ROC and balanced accuracy, and we comment the cases in which this offers an advantage offering empirical evidence on artificial and real data classifications.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Recycled Fishing Net-Derived Polyamide 6/Switchgrass Fiber Composites for Automotive Applications
Authors: Belmokhtar Zakariae , Cousin Patrice , Elkoun Saïd , Robert Mathieu
Published: January 2025

The increasing demand for sustainable materials in automotive applications, coupled with the critical need to address marine plastic pollution, presents an opportunity for innovative material development. This study explores composites made from recycled polyamide 6 (PA6) fishing nets reinforced with switchgrass fibers (0–30 wt%). The composite with 30 wt% switchgrass fibers increased tensile strength by 23% and Young’s modulus by 126% compared to unreinforced recycled PA6, achieving 93% of the tensile strength of commercial automotive-grade neat PA6 and surpassing another grade by 22%. However, higher fiber loading hindered processability, as evidenced by incomplete mold filling and reflected by a decrease in melt flow rate from 19.35 to 8.63 g/10 min. Thermal analysis revealed reduced crystallinity and crystallization temperatures with fiber addition, attributed to restricted polymer chain mobility. While dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated improved stiffness below the glass transition temperature, scanning electron microscopy indicated optimal fiber-matrix adhesion at up to 20 wt% fiber loading, with aggregation at higher concentrations. These findings establish recycled fishing net-derived PA6/switchgrass fiber composites as a viable alternative to virgin materials in automotive applications, with mechanical properties comparable to commercial grades. Although the composites demonstrate enhanced mechanical strength and modulus, the significant reduction in ductility restricts their use to rigid, semi-structural components where flexibility is not critical. Future research should address processing challenges to enhance fiber dispersion and interfacial adhesion at higher loadings.
Therapeutic Effects of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni Extract on Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases Through Serotonin and HLH-30/TFEB Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Fernandes Jorge H , Costa Marta Daniela , Vilasboas-Campos Daniela , Pereira-Sousa Joana , Ferreira-Lomba Bruna , Wang Qiong , Teixeira-Castro Andreia , Liu Xinmin , Wang Fengzhong , Dias Alberto C. P. , Maciel Patrícia
Published: January 2025

Hemerocallis citrina is an herbaceous perennial plant used in Asian cuisine and in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Here, we tested the therapeutic potential for a extracts (HCE30%, HCE50% and HCN) in vivo, using models of two human genetic neurodegenerative diseases – Machado-Joseph Disease/Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 3 and Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism associated to chromosome 17. Chronic treatment with HCE30% extract ameliorated the motor deficits typically observed in these models. Interestingly, we found that the effect on the motor phenotype of the MJD/SCA3 model was dependent on serotonergic signalling and on the action of the HLH-30/TFEB transcription factor, known to regulate the cellular response to amino acid starvation, the autophagy and mitophagy pathways, lysosome localization and biogenesis, exocytosis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Altogether, our findings reinforce the idea that phytochemicals act through the modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission and introduce a novel layer to the HLH-30/TFEB regulatory network. Thus, also strengthen the use of these pathways as therapeutic targets for protein-related neurodegenerative disorders and confirm the utility of medicinal plants as a source of innovation, in the quest for new therapeutic agents.
Political Trust in Italy: How Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors Shape Confidence in Parties
Authors: Arnone Massimo , Drago Carlo , Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo
Published: January 2025

The current study addresses political party trust and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principle application in Italian regions. Trust in political parties is a principal driving force in governance performance, compliance with policies, and citizen trust in institution-made choices. With political and economic diversity in its regions, Italian regions present a case study for testing whether political institution trust increased creates increased ESG use and whether ESG policies have an impact in shaping political trust in reciprocity. Empirical evidence confirms that in high political trust regions, ESG programs have a high opportunity for effective implementation, particularly in social welfare and conservation of environment. In contrast, political institution trust weakness is accompanied with poor ESG pledges, an expression of inefficient governance and reduced accountability in companies. ESG policies actually have an impact on political trust—effective and transparent ESG actions establish institution trust, but shallow and political ESG actions produce mistrust. The observations have a function of projecting the contribution towards balancing institution trust with sustainability through governance quality. Policymakers can contribute towards leveraging political stability in driving ESG integration in a manner that keeps such programs effective and credible for long-term development in regions and for democratic legitimacy.
Fetal abdominal cysts: diagnostic difficulties
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Trifonova N.S. , Aleksandrov L.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ishchenko A.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Zhukova E.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Lavrentyeva K.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Fedorova E.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Tukabaev G.P. ,   G.N.Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No 9, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tagieva A.K. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Fetal abdominal cysts are relatively common ultrasound findings during pregnancy. They may originate from the liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, or abdominal cavity. Early in embryonic development, there is obliteration of the vitelline duct, which connects the yolk sac with the midgut. This process is complete by the 6th week. If the portion of the duct near the ileum is not sufficiently atrophied, a Meckel’s diverticulum forms, which is a bulge in the small intestine that develops due to incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct or omphalomesenteric duct between 7 and 8 weeks of gestation. Although Meckel’s diverticulum is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, it is rarely diagnosed during the prenatal period. This article presents a clinical case of antenatal diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum.
Key words: Meckel’s diverticulum, fetal abdominal cysts
Contribution of ICT Development to Disaster Risk Reduction from a Spatial Perspective: A Preliminary Literature Review
Authors: Puspita Iredo Bettie , Kurniawan Andri , Marfai Muh Aris
Published: January 2025

Information and communication technology (ICT) development has changed human activity and behavior, including spatial choices for activity space. This phenomenon contributed to disaster risk reduction because similar dependent variables related to activity space and place were represented in land use. In disasters, land use can affect the disaster risk level. This study explored the contribution and correlation patterns of ICT development to disaster risk reduction efforts from a spatial perspective. This study used 12,155 articles from the Scopus database as a data study analyzed using systematic review and meta-analysis. This study found that ICT development had a possibility spatial contribution to disaster risk reduction indirectly through virtual space in two forms: activity location efficiency and changes in land use. ICT development and its virtual space contributed to changing vulnerability, hazard, and capacity in the face of disasters.
The influence of health-promoting schools on the students’ active and sedentary behaviour
Authors: Valencia-Peris Alexandra , Sanchis-Francés Lucia , Chinchilla-Ramírez Carlos
Published: January 2025

Physical inactivity and levels of sedentary behaviour among students are associated with health problems, and schools are one of the institutions with the greatest potential for promoting healthy habits. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a sample of schoolchildren according to gender, educational stage, and belonging (or not) to an Active school. A total of 727 students participated (50.3% girls; Mage = 12.8). Two questionnaires were used: the Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess physical activity levels and levels and the Young Leisure Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire to assess sedentary time. The results show that, regardless of school type: a) the vast majority did not comply with the guidelines, b) boys spent more time in physical activity and screen time than girls, and c) physical activity decreased and screen time increased as students progressed through the educational stage. However, while there were no differences in physical activity according to school type, students who did not belong to an Active school spent more time in sedentary screen time than those who did. These findings call into question the effectiveness of Active schools as a strategy to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary time by eliminating gender and educational stage differences. There is a need to improve intervention approaches in schools to promote holistically healthy and active lifestyles from childhood.
Estrategias institucionales autonómicas de promoción de la actividad física en los centros escolares
Authors: Sánchez-García Aurora M. , Valenciano-Valcárcel Javier
Published: January 2025

Durante los últimos años, la elevada inactividad física de los escolares ha llevado a los poderes públicos a desarrollar estrategias de promoción de la actividad física que sitúan a los centros educativos como el marco principal de intervención. En este trabajo se analizaron las estrategias institucionales autonómicas de promoción de un estilo de vida activo, desde la perspectiva de una evaluación de diseño. A través de los sitios web institucionales y de las publicaciones oficiales de las diferentes administraciones autonómicas, se identificaron un total de 17 estrategias, desarrolladas en 14 comunidades autónomas. Se analizaron los elementos que la literatura identifica como claves para favorecer la eficacia de las estrategias. Los resultados mostraron algunas fortalezas como su diseño multicomponente, la planificación de actividades extracurriculares, el apoyo económico, la formación del profesorado y la compensación y el reconocimiento de su trabajo. No obstante, los resultados también constataron algunas debilidades, como la escasez de actuaciones en la asignatura de Educación Física o la falta de estrategias específicas para las chicas, así como la necesidad de profundizar en los mecanismos de seguimiento y evaluación de los programas.
Assessment of liquid, semi-solid, and powder formulations for delivering Trichoderma sp. as maize seed coating against Peronosclerospora maydis
Authors: Arsyadmunir Ahmad , Pawana Gita , Triwidyantari Rina Aulia , Khoiri Syaiful
Published: January 2025

Downy mildew, caused by Peronosclerospora sp., is a major disease impacting maize (Zea mays L.) production, resulting in significant yield losses. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three Trichoderma sp.-based seed coating formulations (liquid, semi-solid, and powder) in reducing disease incidence and severity in maize. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with four treatments, including a control, replicated five times. The parameters assessed included disease incidence, severity, and control effectiveness over 35 days after inoculation. Results showed significant differences among treatments. The powder formulation (T3) demonstrated superior performance, reducing disease incidence by 42.3% and severity by 44.99% compared to the control (T0), which exhibited the highest disease levels. Control effectiveness of the T3 formulation reached 53.81%, categorized as moderately effective. The enhanced efficacy of the powder formulation is attributed to its ability to maintain high Trichoderma sp. populations, enabling sustained antagonistic activity through parasitism, antibiosis, and induced systemic resistance. These findings underline the potential of Trichoderma sp.-based seed coatings, particularly in powder form, as an environmentally friendly and practical alternative for managing downy mildew in maize.
Titanomagnetite Rims on Hornblende Phenocrysts in Intermediate Subvolcanic Intrusions, Torud–Ahmad Abad Magmatic Belt, Iran: Examination of Devolatilization and Oxidation Processes
Authors: Yousefi Fazilat , Lentz David R. , Bark Glenn
Published: January 2025

Mafic to felsic adakitic intrusive and extrusive rocks in the Torud–Ahmad Abad magmatic belt occur south-southeast of Shahrood (north of the Central Iran Zone). These adakites, in the form of dykes and other hypabyssal igneous bodies, are emplaced into late Neoproterozoic amphibolite and mylonitized granites and a thick sequence of Paleocene to middle Eocene volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks. These high silica and low silica adakites (HSA and LSA) span a range of lithologies including basaltic andesite, andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, trachydacite, and dacite. The adakites are composed mainly of calcic pyroxene, Ca-Na amphibole, and plagioclase phenocrysts, with minor biotite and titanomagnetite. In these intrusions, iron-titanium oxides crystallized late (within the groundmass) or occur as secondary phases. One of the interesting features of these rocks is the opacitization (magnetite rich selvage) of ferromagnesian phenocrysts, such as hornblende, which is a localized replacement reaction. The intensity and color of these opacitized margins depend on the extent of titanomagnetite-magnetite formed. The SEM-EDS analysis results show that most of magnetite formed at temperatures >500°C related to pressure quenching of the melt due to emplacement and differential volcanic degassing. The phenomenon of opacitization is due to decreasing stability of Fe2+ and hydrous ferromagnesian phenocrysts, such as amphiboles, to form less hydrous to anhydrous pseudomorphs (selvage) in the near-surface environment with oxidative reactions linked to pressure quenching and differential devolatilization of H2 from the melt during hypabyssal emplacement. The rapid decrease in pressure during magma ascent causes hornblende instability and thus helps to create these opaque rims (opacitized) on ferromagnesian phases (magnetite and titanomagnetite-rich assemblage). Hornblende breakdown - destabilization increases due to melt degassing - devolatilization [decrease in P(H2O)] during the process of ascent—emplacement with reduction of magmatic total pressure (decompression) and/or melt oxidation due to differential degassing of H2.
Confianza de marca de diarios locales y diarios nativos digitales, entre modelos de negocio y contenidos de marketing
Authors: Russo Dario
Published: January 2025

More and more newspapers are disappearing or being drastically reduced by hedge funds that are acquiring them. The subject of this research focuses on the business models that could be able to make a newspaper economically viable taking into account the opportunities of digital that clash with another aspect: the low trust of readers in the media and especially in online media. This exploratory, comparative and qualitative study intends to analyze the differences between local newspapers and digital natives in Spain, evaluating the choice of business models and considering how to build a relationship of trust and transparency with readers. The results of the study show that newspapers do not always take full advantage of the various digital opportunities and that the future challenges of journalism range from the transparency of branded content to the request for donations.
Introducción al monográfico “La narrativa gráfica en el contexto tecnológico actual: de las tiras cómicas al periodismo cómic”
Authors: Baile López Eduard , Rovira-Collado José
Published: January 2025

Dado el lenguaje interdisciplinario que la caracteriza, es casi ya un tópico aludir a las posibilidades expresivas de la narrativa gráfica, una etiqueta que, a su vez, goza de variadas iteraciones taxonómicas, bien sea el cómic, referente terminológico al que se acoge este número, el álbum o el libro ilustrado. Así pues, en todo lo que llevamos de siglo xxi el panorama creativo en torno al medio del cómic, especialmente en la vertiente conocida como novela gráfica, pone de manifiesto su aptitud para ser implementado como herramienta eficazmente comunicativa respecto a temas, contextos y enfoques muy diversos tales que el ámbito educativo, la medicina gráfica o, en atención al monográfico que nos ocupa, el periodismo cómic. Sin que ello sea obstáculo para que, por descontado, se pueda seguir desarrollando como medio narrativo ficcional y, asimismo, fuente de derivaciones intermediales y transmediáticas en relación al cine y la televisión, los videojuegos, la literatura u otros ámbitos artísticos. En cierta manera, no sería exagerado indicar que el cómic se constituye como una suerte de encrucijada formal del paisaje cultural y tecnológico contemporáneo (Varillas, 2013).
 
En este sentido, nos place, como coordinadores del presente número de la Miguel Hernández Communication Journal, publicación académica de prestigio a la que cabe reconocerle la perspicacia de abrir sus puertas a un ámbito iconicolingüístico tan sugestivo como hemos apuntado, invitar a la lectura de la media docena de artículos que componen este especial temático, cuyo título, “La narrativa gráfica en el contexto tecnológico actual: de las tiras cómicas al periodismo cómic”, apunta a nuestras intenciones, esto es, ofrecer un compendio o suma de perspectivas heterogéneas a propósito del uso del cómic como forma legítima y capaz de comunicación periodística en la actualidad (Matos, 2017). En definitiva, una panorámica que, desde aproximaciones teóricas y metodológicas varias que, en ocasiones, atienden también a las últimas transformaciones digitales, pondrán a la persona que lo lee sobre la pista de un género que se constituye como una estructura particularmente dúctil, a tenor, insistimos, de su peculiar hibridación entre lo visual y lo textual, para informar, educar y comentar sobre eventos actuales y/o temas sociales en la misma medida en que otros lenguajes lo han hecho tradicionalmente (Gisbert, 2022).
Metabolic support protects oral mucosa from ferroptosis in radiation-induced mucositis
Authors: Niu Li-na , Yu Weiwei , Jiao Kai , Wang Kaiyan , Wan Qianqian , Li Xiang , Hao Xinyi , Wan Meichen , Ma Yu-xuan , Wu Jiao , Liu Qing , Shi Mei , Tay Franklin
Published: January 2025

Ionizing radiation is effective in combating cancer but inflicts severe damage on the oral mucosa. The mechanisms behind this damage remain unclear, and current treatment modalities are primarily palliative. This study revealed that ferroptosis is the predominant reason for oral-radiation depletion of oral mucosal epithelial cells. More importantly, compensatory mechanisms are activated in the organism during the early stage after radiation exposure. These compensatory mechanisms arise from the metabolic support provided by fibroblasts. In the early post-radiation stage, fibroblasts supply polyamines, which are readily absorbed by basal epithelial cells, protecting them from ferroptosis. Local supplementation of polyamines effectively mitigates mucosal damage. This study emphasizes the important role of fibroblast-mediated metabolic support in protecting the oral mucosa from radiation-induced damage. Results of the study provide new insights into combating radiation-related diseases by enhancing the self-protective responses of living organisms.
Genomic Insights and Biogeography of Endemic Galapagos Geckos: Unraveling Population Structure and Species Delimitation Across Human-Inhabited Islands
Authors: Pozo Gabriela , Guadalupe Juan José , Pozo María José , Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Cerca José , Alarcón-Bolaños Pablo , Suárez María Victoria , Dávila-Játiva Mateo , Peñaherrera-Romero Emilia , Brito-Zapata David , Velasco Daniel , Torres Maria de Lourdes
Published: January 2025

Islands offer invaluable opportunities for studying evolutionary processes due to their isolation and distinct environmental conditions. The Galapagos Islands, renowned for their rich biodiversity, host several endemic gecko species of the genus Phyllodactylus (Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae). Despite their importance derived from their specialized adaptations and their crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance, few studies have been conducted on these geckos. This highlights the need for comprehensive genomic research to understand their evolutionary patterns and population dynamics. This study elucidates the genetic diversity and population structure of six endemic Phyllodactylus species found on four human-inhabited islands in the Galapagos using a RAD-Seq approach. The analysis of over 30,000 loci from 93 individuals revealed five distinct genetic clusters, corresponding to P. baurii, P. galapagensis, P. darwini, P. leei, and a combined cluster of P. simpsoni and P. andysabini. Our results indicate that P. galapagensis clusters with the combined P. simpsoni - P. andysabini group, while P. baurii shows close genetic relationships with both clusters, in accordance with the obtained phylogeny and the sequential emergence of the Galapagos Islands where each species is found. Substantial genetic differentiation was observed between species, with high FST and DXY values. However, our analyses indicate that gecko populations from across Isabela and Fernandina islands exhibit very low genetic differentiation, leading us to propose the synonymization of P. andysabini with P. simpsoni. Within-species population structure was associated with geographic barriers and gene flow restrictions. Surprisingly, human activity does not appear to be causing significant admixture among these populations; instead, population boundaries remain intact, indicating that geographic or behavioral barriers are stronger than human influences in limiting gene flow. Overall, we found low genetic diversity across species, probably due to their endemic nature and island isolation. This genomic study provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics shaping these unique geckos and highlights the importance of employing high-resolution genomic tools in insular ecosystems for their effective conservation and management.
Effectiveness of game-based learning for learning Anesthetic drug in Anesthesiology resident
Authors: Anchalee Santi , Deekiatphaiboon Chanya , Prathep Sumidtra , Jitpakdee Wilasinee
Published: January 2025

Background
Active learning, particularly game-based learning, is an effective method for increasing participant engagement, fostering learners’ motivation, and promoting dynamic knowledge acquisition. The "Basic Pharmacology for Anesthesia" card game was created and evaluated for its effectiveness in teaching first- to third-year anesthesiology residents. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the trainees' satisfaction levels regarding learning through card games.
Methods
Nineteen anesthesiology residents participated in this cross-sectional observational study conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University. The measured variables included pretest scores, posttest scores, and feedback and satisfaction ratings. Game-based learning was introduced prior to the posttest. The objective of the game was for players to collect a complete set of five cards for a specific anesthetic drug. The deck consisted of 55 cards representing 11 anesthetic drugs, each card detailed the drug’s name, dosage, onset and duration, contraindications, side effects, and metabolism or pharmacology. The test had a total score of 20 points, and satisfaction was assessed using a five-point Likert scale.
Results
A comparison of the pretest and posttest scores revealed improvements across all categories: 5.25 vs. 7.50 (p < 0.001) for induction drugs, 2.75 vs. 4.00 (p < 0.001) for volatile anesthetics, and 6.50 vs. 7.50 for neuromuscular agents. Additionally, the total score significantly increased from 13.75 on the pretest to 19 on the posttest. The overall satisfaction level was 4.84 (SD = 0.37).
Conclusions
Game-based learning can enhance anesthesiology residents' understanding of anesthetic drugs and has shown high levels of satisfaction. However, to achieve a more comprehensive evaluation, additional assessment methods, such as measuring learner engagement and comparing the outcomes of game-based learning with traditional teaching methods, should be implemented.
Photobiomodulation acutely applied to lipedema patients
Authors: Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Millan Curro , Kamamoto Fabio , Gornati Victor , Salem Lyvia Almeida Nascimento , Soler Marília , Andrade Ana Laura , Soares Ciro Dantas , Meyer Patrícia Froes
Published: January 2025

Lipedema is a clinical entity that deserves special attention, as it is something that mainly affects women in specific hormonal phases such as menarche, pregnancy and menopause. Among the treatments there is surgery, something more invasive and indicated in the most serious cases, but as an alternative, conservative treatments may be indicated. Among them, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), which needs to be substantiated to obtain evidence of its effectiveness. A clinical study was carried out with 3 patients, in whom regions of skin with lipedema were removed through dermolipectomy (for previous indication) for histopathological analysis. PBMT was applied using LEDs (red and infrared) on one side, with the other as a control, without application. PBM was applied 3-4 hours before patients went into surgery. The skins were removed from both sides, one being treated and the other control. Qualitative analyzes (H&E) were performed, in addition to adipocyte histomorphometry, we use the following markers: caspase-3 (apoptosis), CD68 (macrophages), COX-2 and Cytochome P4501A1 (CYP1A1). The results showed that there was a positive response, including a reduction in the size of adipocytes under the skin site irradiated by LEDs, control of inflammation by increasing COX-2 and macrophages activity in this early post-treatment phase, increased apoptosis of adipocytes, and elevation of aromatase (CYP1A1), are membrane-associated hemoproteins that catalyze mono-oxygenation of endogenous and exogenous substrates such as hormones, fatty acids among other exogenous substances. It was the first paper using PBMT in lipedema, and as initial results, we can infer that there was a positive effect on the skin under the action of PBMT in the parameters used.
Charge Your Brainzzz: the systematic development of a whole systems action program promoting sleep health in adolescents
Authors: Heemskerk Danique M. , Busch Vincent , Piotrowski Jessica T. , Renders Carry M. , Stralen Maartje M.
Published: January 2025

Background
Inadequate sleep among Dutch adolescents is a complex public health issue with detrimental effects on physical and mental well-being. Previous interventions have shown limited or no lasting effects. While systems approaches help to understand and address such challenges, effective prevention efforts require evidence-based intervention design using behavior change techniques. This study outlines the systematic development of a ‘whole systems action program’, named Charge Your Brainzzz (CYB), to promote healthy sleep in Dutch adolescents aged 12-15, by integrating theory- and evidence-based behavior change methods using the Intervention Mapping Protocol into a systems science approach, combined with stakeholder engagement
Methods
The CYB program was developed based on previously identified key system dynamics influencing adolescent sleep and a detailed action plan targeting these dynamics. The development was guided by five steps inspired by the Intervention Mapping protocol: defining the program goal and prioritizing system dynamics outcomes across various interconnected subsystems (step 1), specifying performance objectives (step 2), constructing matrices of change objectives (step 3), developing program components while selecting theoretical methods and practical applications (step 4), and program production and formative testing (step 5). Adolescents, parents, teachers, school boards, school care coordinators, youth healthcare professionals, and Healthy School advisors were actively involved.
Results
The whole systems action program CYB consists of eight program components and includes: 1) an educational component, 2) a step-by-step guide for implementing school sleep health policies, 3) a parent information evening, 4) an online magazine, 5) Teen Sleep Check, 6) Sleep Guide, 7) Tool for monitoring and early detection for sleep (behavior) problems, and 8) implementation materials including a website.
Conclusions
The CYB program is the first whole systems action program designed to promote adolescent sleep health. Using a Systems Science approach, the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol, and stakeholder engagement, the program addresses the complexity of the health issue, the lived experiences of the target groups, and a solid theoretical foundation for behavior change. Beyond presenting the program’s components, this study offers a replicable roadmap for addressing complex public health challenges, paving the way for innovative, system-oriented solutions in health promotion.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among Patients with Tuberculosis in Uganda
Authors: Olum Ronald , Nakkonde Damalie , Nassanga Gloria , Zalwango Sarah , Sekandi Juliet N
Published: January 2025

Background: Substance use can negatively impact treatment adherence and health outcomes, thus exacerbating the burden of the disease. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with substance use among patients with TB disease in Kampala, Uganda.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 144 patients with drug-susceptible TB enrolled from July 2020 to March 2021 across five health facilities in Kampala. Eligible participants were 18-65 years old, diagnosed with TB, and had initiated treatment for <= one month. Exclusions included drug-resistant TB, severe illness, or impairments affecting study participation. Data on socio-demographics, substance use, and clinical characteristics were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Self-reported substance use was the outcome of interest. Descriptive statistics and simple logistic regression analyses were performed for factors associated with substance use. Stata version 18.0 was used for analysis.
Results: The participants had a median age of 34 years (IQR: 25.5 – 45.0); 50% were female and 31.9% were HIV infected. The prevalence of any substance use was 20.8% among TB patients. Alcohol use was the predominant substance (18.1%), followed by marijuana (2.8%) and tobacco (2.1%). Males were more likely than females to use any substances (COR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.02 – 5.56, p=0.055), as were HIV-infected persons (COR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.40 – 7.34, p=0.006), and those affiliated with the Catholic religion (COR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.06 – 11.60, p=0.040).
Conclusion: Our study found a relatively high level of substance use among persons with TB. TB-HIV co-infected persons should be particularly targeted with interventions to minimize the negative health effects of substance use.
Development of alternative data normalization methods for the MCRAT method in multi-criteria decision-making
Authors: Son Nguyen Hong , Thao Dang Xuan , Thien Nguyen Van
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the challenge of extending the applicability of the MCRAT (Multiple Criteria Ranking by Alternative Trace) method when the standard data normalization method fails due to zero elements in the decision matrix. To achieve this, the study explores alternative normalization methods. The objectives were to identify suitable normalization methods and verify their effectiveness when combined with the MCRAT method. Three cases were analyzed: ranking nine metal cutting alternatives with one "the larger the better" and three "the smaller the better" criteria, ranking nine metal milling alternatives with one "the larger the better" and one "the smaller the better" criterion, and ranking fourteen blast hole design alternatives in the mining industry with four "the larger the better" and two "the smaller the better" criteria. Despite differences in the cases, the study discovered two additional normalization methods that, when used with MCRAT, consistently identified the best alternative. This discovery confirms that MCRAT can be applied effectively even with zero elements in the decision matrix, thus significantly extending its applicability and providing enhanced decision-making benefits. By addressing this critical limitation, the study offers a significant contribution to the field of multi-criteria decision-making by expanding the range of tools available to practitioners and researchers. The enhanced MCRAT method, equipped with new normalization capabilities, is poised to become a more versatile and powerful tool in multi-criteria decision-making, ensuring that decision-makers can make more informed and accurate choices even in challenging situations. This extension marks a notable advancement, broadening the scope and utility of the MCRAT method across different sectors and decision-making scenarios
Enhancement of watermarking based on deep neural network for images
Authors: Eleiwy Jabbar Abed , Mahmood Ruqaya Shaker , Abdulrahman Asma A. , Muhi-Aldeen Hassan Mohamed , Tahir Fouad S. , Khlaponin Yurii
Published: January 2025

The spread of the Internet of Things applications and the shared massive amount of data leads to the absence of data security and missing product protection, such as copyrights, pharmaceutical products, and online medical result fraud. To address the security gap, it is possible to propose a model based on developing a new filter derived from Laguerre polynomials based on essential mathematical operations by using the parent function to construct a new discrete Laguerre wavelets transform (DLWT) in image analysis with the watermark, as well as reaching an ideal algorithm through the readings from the deep learning convolutional neural network construction. New wavelets are presented, in the resultant network. The technique of separating the host image from the watermark is compared before and after separation is known as the convolution neural network wavelet transform (CNNWT). Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and natural correlation coefficient (NCC) values are the most crucial metrics from these results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm CNNWT with the QR code and the MATLAB is used in this approach. In this work, the watermark is immersed in the host image with the new discrete wavelets and the convolutional neural network, then the attacks are directed to complete the logistical process of recourse the results of PSNR and the values of the Natural Correlation Coefficient (NCC), reaching NC equal to one and worthy PSNR values. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested theory in this study the quality of the image and the watermark are preserved, which proves the efficiency of the proposed theory in addition, the accuracy is reached 98.64 % with a time of 23 seconds in an epoch.
Роль искусственного интеллекта в прогнозировании трудных дыхательных путей у взрослых: обзор литературы
Authors: Зайцев Андрей Юрьевич , Сорокин А. Б. , Зайцев Ю. А. , Дубровин К. В. , Усикян Э. Г.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: The development of artificial intelligence has opened up the possibility of its application in the practice of an anesthesiologist in the direction associated with the most life-threatening complications — the prediction of difficult airways. This article is about the principles of artificial intelligence and the experience of its modern application to predict the difficult airways. OBJECTIVES: To explain principles of the artificial intelligence, to determine the role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of difficult airways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the literature on the international Pubmed database the Russian-language elibrary.ru. The search words for english language databases were: artificial intelligence, deep learning, difficult airways; for russian language: искусственный интеллект, глубокое машинное обучение, трудные дыхательные пути. There was no exclusion for publication year. The criteria for inclusion of articles were: systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials, review articles. Exclusion criteria: clinical case, dissertation, abstract, thesis, application of artificial intelligence methods in pediatric practice. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The first part of the article "artificial intelligence — the history of creation and the main provisions" is devoted to the history of creation, the principles of artificial intelligence. In the second part, "what can artificial intelligence do in the diagnosis of difficult airways?" it was analyzed 13 articles were received for analysis. The main methods of searching for predictors of difficult airways are based on the use of photographs of patients, the use of anthropometry and physical examination data, methods using thermal imager heat maps using gradient-weighted class activation mapping. In all the analyzed works, the effectiveness of predicting difficult airways using artificial intelligence was noted, with the exception of the Siriussawakul et al. study. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic methods based on the artificial intelligence in the practice of the anesthesiologist make it easier to work and improve the detection of patients with difficult airways. However, there are still a number of unresolved issues regarding the legal and ethical components of the application of these methods in clinical practice.
Влияние сукцинатсодержащего кристаллоидного раствора на воспалительную реакцию при интенсивной терапии внебольничной пневмонии у детей: проспективное открытое сравнительное исследование
Authors: Лазарев Владимир Викторович , Анчутин П. Е. , Быков М. В. , Смирнов Д. А. , Пчелинцева Т. А. , Фролов Н. С. , Махачилаева Х. М. , Голубев Б. И.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: The severe course of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with an excessive inflammatory response. The use of a succinate-containing crystalloid solution (SCCS) as part of the treatment regimen for CAP helps to reduce the inflammatory response. OBJECTIVES: Assessment of the dynamics of markers of the inflammatory process during complex intensive therapy with infusion of a succinate-containing drug in children with community-acquired pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study identified 2 groups of children. The main group of use of SCCS — 24 children. The control group consisted of 76 children. In the main group, 2 subgroups were identified depending on the rate of administration of SCCS: 5 and 2.5 ml/kg/hour. The sample size was determined based on the intermediate results of statistical analysis until statistically significant differences were obtained
RESULTS: In the group of use of SCCS, it was noted: a reduction in the duration of stay in intensive care and a decrease in the need for oxygen therapy by an average of 2 days, normalization of indicators on the pSOFA (pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) scale by 2 days faster, lower leukocyte levels on the 2nd–4th day, a decrease in neutrophils on the 3rd and 4th days, a decrease in-reactive protein (CRP) by the 3rd day. Reduction of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) by 3 days in children of the 5 ml/kg/hour subgroup. A direct correlation was established between IL-6 and the profi scale and an inverse relationship between the proportion of TFR in total intravenous infusion and the level of lactatedehydrogenase on day 3. All differences are statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: SCCS contributes to the effective suppression of the inflammatory response in children with CAP. The intravenous infusion regimen of 5.0 ml/kg/hour has a more pronounced effect in reducing the level of inflammatory markers.