bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive Luminescence Switching of Zeolite Y Confined Silver Clusters for Dual‐Channel Oxygen Sensing
Authors: Sun Li , Romolini Giacomo , Dieu Bjorn , Grandjean Didier , Keshavarz Masoumeh , Fron Eduard , D'Acapito Francesco , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Van der Auweraer Mark , Hofkens Johan
Published: May 2024

Designing photoluminescence sensing devices for gaseous oxygen that combine ease of acquisition with efficient performance is a critical yet challenging task. Herein, a novel oxygen‐sensing probe based on zeolite Y confined silver clusters prepared via a simple approach, is proposed. The large Ag6 clusters formed after hydrogenation exhibit a bright orange emission. They are characterized by a high photoluminescence quantum yield (≈31%) and a long luminescence decay time (>500 µs). A possible formation mechanism of these clusters, which are for the first time observed in Faujasite zeolites, is proposed. Luminescence switching‐off, triggered by oxygen, can be detected in a dual‐channel combination of linear emission‐quenching and lifetime‐reduction, enabling a visual and ultrasensitive (limit of detection of 58 Pa) quantitative detection of oxygen in a wide pressure range (0–100 kPa) with fast response (<1 s), reversibility and reproducibility. A more detailed analysis shows that this high sensitivity is due to the long decay time of the orange emission and the high affinity of the zeolite for O2 adsorption rather than to a high rate constant for quenching. This work contributes to the development of optical oxygen sensing technology and lays the foundation for the design of silver cluster‐based zeolites for photo‐functional applications.
Organic Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductor Nanochannels for Vertical Electrochemical and Ionic Transistors
Authors: Zhang Chenhong , Margotti Lorenzo , Decataldo Francesco , Piccioni Alberto , Wang Hongzhi , Fraboni Beatrice , Li Yaogang , Cramer Tobias
Published: May 2024

Thin films of organic mixed ionic electronic conductors (OMIECs) constitute the functional layer in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), organic bioelectronic transducers and other ionic‐electronic devices. The thin‐film configuration constrains devices to be fabricated on impermeable substrates in the form of 2D microstructures with lateral electrodes to drive an electronic current through the thin film. In order to alleviate such constraints, novel OMIEC deposition methods are needed that produce alternatives to thin‐film devices and that are compatible with permeable substrates and electronic transport in the vertical direction. Here OMIECs filled nanoporous membranes are introduced as functional layer in devices with mixed ionic electronic transport. Electropolymerization of ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers is used to fabricate OMIEC filled nanochannels. Electronic and ionic transport through such nanochannels are investigated and modulation of electronic as well as ionic carrier density by action of a third gate electrode is demonstrated. The novel OMIEC nanochannels enable the fabrication of vertical OECTs with high transconductance and organic ionic transistors using only additive fabrication methods.
Restraining Lattice Oxygen Escape by Bioinspired Antioxidant Enables Thermal Runaway Prevention in Ni−Rich Cathode Based Lithium−Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Yuanke , Zeng Ziqi , Liu Mengchuang , Cai Chuyue , Lei Sheng , Zhang Han , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia
Published: May 2024

Ni−rich cathodes are hopeful materials for advanced lithium−ion batteries (LIBs) due to high capacity. Nonetheless, the chemical crosstalk triggered by reactive oxygen (O*) represents a critical factor in thermal runaway (TR). Currently, there are few effective means to prevent this parasitic reaction. Here, inspired by the O* scavenging effect of β−carotene in living organisms, it is innovatively identified that β−carotene can impede TR by restraining the escape of O* during the thermal decomposition of nickel−rich cathodes. Using LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 as model and extending to higher nickel content cathodes (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2), it is demonstrated that β−carotene can undergo an in situ oxygen copolymerization reaction to trapping O*, thereby attenuating chemical crosstalk. Additionally, the generated oxygen copolymer can also adjust band center of the O 2p orbitals of delithiated cathode, alleviating the charge compensation behavior of oxygen anions, and thus delaying the phase transition of charged LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. As a result, the TR trigger temperature of NCM811∣Graphite pouch cell is increased from 131.0 to 195.0 °C and maximum temperature is reduced from 657.8 to 412.4 °C. This work introduces a new and simple strategy for designing functional additives to block TR, offering a promising avenue for advancing the safety of LIBs.
Regulating the Gibbs Free Energy to Design Aqueous Battery‐Compatible Robust Host
Authors: Lin Jing , Wang Yanyi , Chen Minfeng , Lu Jinlin , Mi Hongwei , Chen Jizhang , He Chuanxin , Ma Dingtao , Zhang Peixin
Published: May 2024

Low‐cost, high‐voltage‐platform, and high‐capacity MnO2 is the most promising cathode candidate for developing high‐energy‐density aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. However, the Buckets effect of runaway phase transition and irreversible dissolution restricts the electrochemical performance of MnO2. To address this issue, this report presents a bottom‐up targeted assembly concept driven by Gibbs free energy for the design of a robust Ni‐MnO2‐xFx host via Ni2+ pre‐intercalation coupled with fluorine doping. The Gibbs free energy of the host is regulated by the coordination of interlayer reinforcement and interfacial defect repair, which prevents the “layer‐to‐spinel” transition and inhibits dissolution during long‐term cycling. As expected, this cathode provides superior H+/Zn2+ storage performance across a wide temperature range. A capacity of 180.4 mAh g−1 is retained after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1, a high specific capacity of 293.9 mAh g−1 is retained after 250 cycles at 50 °C and 2 A g−1, and a capacity of 144.5 mAh g−1 is retained after 3000 cycles at 0 °C and 0.5 A g−1. This work provides new insights into the design of stable aqueous battery‐compatible hosts for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries as well as other battery chemistries.
Review of Electrolyte Additives for Secondary Sodium Batteries
Authors: Song Bingyan , Xiong Xiaosong , Peng Yi , Liu Xi , Gao Wanjie , Wang Tao , Wang Faxing , Ma Yuan , Zhong Yiren , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Zhu Zhi , He Jiarui , Wu Yuping
Published: May 2024

As the energy storage sector gains prominence, sodium batteries have garnered attention due to their affordability and the abundance of raw materials. Among the methods aimed at enhancing sodium battery performance, electrolyte additives are notably cost‐effective. Despite typically comprising no more than 5% of the components, these additives play a crucial role in improving battery cycle life and overall functionality. This review begins by analyzing the factors propelling the development of sodium batteries and the diverse roles of additives, extensively examines the roles of common functional groups (fluorine(F)‐containing, sulfonyl, sulfoxide, phosphate ester, nitrogenous, boron, silyl groups, etc.) in additives. Furthermore, it categorizes the latest functional electrolyte additives into five distinct types. Lastly, the review provides an overview of the potential for designing additives that are both sustainable and efficient. This comprehensive review aims to be a valuable resource for informing the strategic selection and enhancement of electrolyte additives, thereby facilitating future progress in the field.
Combination of advanced lung cancer inflammation index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score as a promising marker for surgical procedure selection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hosoda Kiyotaka , Shimizu Akira , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Sakai Hiroki , Hayashi Hikaru , Yasukawa Koya , Soejima Yuji
Published: May 2024

Aim

Methods of predicting severe postoperative complications after anatomical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma are yet to be established. We aimed to clarify the relationship between inflammation‐based prognostic scores and liver fibrosis markers and the incidence of postoperative complications after anatomical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma as well as the usefulness of these markers in surgical procedure selection.

Methods

We included 374 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who had undergone initial hepatectomy between January 2007 and December 2021. The association between inflammation‐based prognostic scores or liver fibrosis markers and postoperative complications was evaluated, and severe postoperative complication rates in the high‐risk group defined by these markers were compared in terms of surgical procedure.

Results

The advanced lung cancer inflammation index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score correlated significantly with severe postoperative complications after anatomical resection, with areas under the curve of 0.67 and 0.61, respectively. The combined advanced lung cancer inflammation index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score resulted in a larger area under the curve (0.69). Furthermore, in the high‐risk group determined by the combined score, the anatomical resection group had a significantly higher incidence of severe complications than the partial resection group (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in prognosis among the surgical procedures in the high‐risk group.

Conclusion

The combined advanced lung cancer inflammation index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score serves as a predictive marker for severe postoperative complications after anatomical resection. This combined marker may contribute to appropriate surgical procedure selection.
Injury to a cardiopulmonary resuscitation provider by sternal wire
Authors: Ohkawa Mayo , Tsuchiya Asuka , Morita Seiji , Nakagawa Yoshihide
Published: May 2024

Background

Median sternotomy is a common surgical procedure during cardiac and pulmonary surgeries. There are many reports of patient injury associated with wire breakage. However, there are only a few reports of healthcare worker injuries by sternal wire.

Case Presentation

A patient in his 70s, having a history of thoracic aorta replacement, collapsed suddenly and paramedics started mechanical chest compression. On hospital arrival, the emergency department nurse attempted to initiate manual chest compression but was injured by a sternal wire protrusion on the patient's chest. The emergency physician placed gauze on the sternal wire and continued manual chest compression, but the patient died.

Conclusion

To prevent this injury, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) providers should consciously check the patient's chest. If they observe wire exposure, they should immediately place a gauze, pad or consider performing mechanical chest compression. Safety measures such as the installing rubber pads in the AED should be considered.
Electrocatalytic Acetylene Hydrogenation in Concentrated Seawater at Industrial Current Densities
Authors: Huang Linsen , Bao Deyu , Jiang Yunling , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: May 2024

Electrocatalytic acetylene hydrogenation to ethylene (E‐AHE) is a promising alternative for thermal‐catalytic process, yet it suffers from low current densities and efficiency. Here, we achieved a 71.2 % Faradaic efficiency (FE) of E‐AHE at a large partial current density of 1.0 A cm−2 using concentrated seawater as an electrolyte, which can be recycled from the brine waste (0.96 M NaCl) of alkaline seawater electrolysis (ASE). Mechanistic studies unveiled that cation of concentrated seawater dynamically prompted unsaturated interfacial water dissociation to provide protons for enhanced E‐AHE. As a result, compared with freshwater, a twofold increase of FE of E‐AHE was achieved on concentrated seawater‐based electrolysis. We also demonstrated an integrated system of ASE and E‐AHE for hydrogen and ethylene production, in which the obtained brine output from ASE was directly fed into E‐AHE process without any further treatment for continuously cyclic operations. This innovative system delivered outstanding FE and selectivity of ethylene surpassed 97.0 % and 97.5 % across wide‐industrial current density range (≤ 0.6 A cm−2), respectively. This work provides a significant advance of electrocatalytic ethylene production coupling with brine refining of seawater electrolysis.
Compressible Hydrogels with Stabilized Chirality from Thermoresponsive Helical Dendronized Poly(phenylacetylene)s
Authors: Shen Lefei , Cao Yuexin , Wang Lei , Zhang Xiacong , Zhang Afang , Li Wen
Published: May 2024

Fabrication of chiral hydrogels from thermoresponsive helical dendronized phenylacetylene copolymers (PPAs) carrying three‐fold dendritic oligoethylene glycols (OEGs) is reported. Three different temperatures, i.e. below or above cloud point temperatures (Tcps) of the copolymers, and under freezing condition, were utilized, affording thermoresponsive hydrogels with different morphologies and mechanical properties. At room temperature, transparent hydrogels were obtained through crosslinking among different copolymer chains. Differently, opaque hydrogels with much improved mechanical properties were formed at elevated temperatures through crosslinking from the thermally dehydrated and collapsed copolymer aggregates, leading to heterogeneity for the hydrogels with highly porous morphology. While crosslinking at freezing temperature synergistically through ice templating, these amphiphilic dendronized copolymers formed hydrogels with highly porous lamellar structures, which exhibited remarkable compressible properties as human articular cartilage with excellent fatigue resistance. Amphiphilicity of the dendronized copolymers played a pivotal role in modulating the network formation during the gelation, as well as morphology and mechanical performance of the resulting hydrogels. Through crosslinking, these dendronized copolymers featured with typical dynamic helical conformations were transformed into hydrogels with unprecedently stabilized helicities due to the restrained chain mobilities in the three‐dimensional networks.
Fabrication of Coffee‐Ring Nanostructured Membranes for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Jin Cheng‐Gang , Zhang Wen‐Hai , Tian Na , Wu Bin , Yin Ming‐Jie , An Quan‐Fu
Published: May 2024

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) plays important roles in pharmaceutical ingredients purification and solvent recovery. However, the low organic solvent permeance under cross‐flow operation of OSN membrane hampers their industrial applications. Herein, we report the construction of coffee‐ring structured membrane featuring high OSN permeance. A water‐insoluble crystal monomer that dissolved in EtOH/H2O mixed solvent was designed to react with trimesoyl chloride via interfacial polymerization. Owing to the diffusion of EtOH to n‐hexane, coffee‐ring nanostructure on the support membrane appeared, which served as the template for construction of coffee‐ring structured membrane. The optimal nanostructured membrane demonstrated 2.6‐fold enhancement in the effective surface area with reduced membrane thickness. Resultantly, the membrane afforded a 2.7‐fold enhancement in organic solvent permeance, e.g., ~13 LMH/bar for MeOH, without sacrificing the rejection ability. Moreover, due to the rigid monomer structure, the fabricated membrane shows distinctive running stability in active pharmaceutical ingredients purification and the ability for concentration of medicines.
Synthesis and examination of 1,2,4‐triazine‐sulfonamide hybrids as potential inhibitory drugs: Inhibition effects on AChE and GST enzymes in silico and in vitro conditions
Authors: Rozbicki Przemysław , Oğuz Ercan , Wolińska Ewa , Türkan Fikret , Cetin Adnan , Branowska Danuta
Published: May 2024

The crucial functions of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in neurotransmission and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) in detoxification and cellular protection underscore their pivotal roles as key enzymes, essential for maintaining the integrity of neurological and cellular homeostasis. For this purpose, a series of 1,2,4‐triazine‐sulfonamide hybrids (3a–r) was successfully synthesized, and subsequently evaluated for their inhibitory effects on AChE and GST. The investigation was complemented by molecular docking studies and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) predictions. The synthesized hybrids demonstrated significant promise in inhibiting both AChE and GST activities. Molecular docking analyses provided insights into the interactions between the compounds and the target enzymes, shedding light on potential binding modes and key amino acid residues involved. Furthermore, the study benefited from ADMET predictions, offering valuable information on the compounds' pharmacokinetic properties and potential toxicity. The promising results obtained from this comprehensive approach highlight the potential of these 1,2,4‐triazine‐sulfonamide hybrids as effective inhibitors of AChE and GST, paving the way for further development and optimization in the pursuit of novel therapeutic agents.
Comprehensive review of hydrothermal liquefaction data for use in machine‐learning models
Authors: Haarlemmer Geert , Matricon Lucie , Roubaud Anne
Published: May 2024

Hydrothermal liquefaction is a new, sustainable pathway to generate biogenic liquids from organic resources. The technology is compatible with a wide variety of resources such as lignocellulosic resources, organic waste, algae, and sewage sludge. The chemistry is complex and predictions of yields are notoriously difficult. Understanding and modeling of hydrothermal liquefaction is currently mostly based on a simplified biochemical analysis and product yield data. This paper presents a large dataset of 2439 experiments in batch reactors that were extracted from 171 publications in the scientific literature. The data include biochemical composition data such as fiber content and composition, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and ash. The experimental conditions are recorded for each experiment as well as the reported yields. The objective of this paper is to make a large database available to the scientific community. This database is analyzed with machine‐learning tools. The results show that there is no consensus on the analysis techniques, experimental procedures, and reported data. There are many inconsistencies across the literature that should be improved by the scientific community. Machine‐learning tools with a large dataset allow the generation of reliable yield production tools with a large application field. Given the accuracy of the data, the overall precision of prediction in an extrapolation to new results can be expected to be around 10%.
Agile Genetics: Single gene resolution without the fuss
Authors: Vaughn Justin N. , Korani Walid , Clevenger Josh , Ozias‐Akins Peggy
Published: May 2024

Gene discovery reveals new biology, expands the utility of marker‐assisted selection, and enables targeted mutagenesis. Still, such discoveries can take over a decade. We present a general strategy, “Agile Genetics,” that uses nested, structured populations to overcome common limits on gene resolution. Extensive simulation work on realistic genetic architectures shows that, at population sizes of >5000 samples, single gene‐resolution can be achieved using bulk segregant pools. At this scale, read depth and technical replication become major drivers of resolution. Emerging enrichment methods to address coverage are on the horizon; we describe one possibility – iterative depth sequencing (ID‐seq). In addition, graph‐based pangenomics in experimental populations will continue to maximize accuracy and improve interpretation. Based on this merger of agronomic scale with molecular and bioinformatic innovation, we predict a new age of rapid gene discovery.
Open innovation, overseas business income and the mediating effect of environmental, social and governance
Authors: Luan Xiangyu , Wang Xiaohong
Published: May 2024

Within the context of the ‘go global’ strategy, for enabling enterprises to effectively form open innovation strategies to enhance overseas business income and assume environmental, social and governance (ESG) responsibilities and to explore the importance and operational mechanisms of ESG, this paper adopts a three‐step method to analyse the panel data of Chinese multinational enterprises from 2011 to 2019. The results indicate that adopting open innovation can improve overseas business income and environmental and social performance. The environment and society are two critical intermediary channels for the impact mechanisms of open innovation on overseas business income. Based on these findings, we make some recommendations for enterprises and external investors. This research also expands the current understanding of the correlation between open innovation, ESG and overseas operation activities, providing evidence on open innovation strategy for managers and verifying the vital role of ESG in enterprise operations.
Identification of NR3C2 as a functional diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sun Yuan‐yuan , Gao Hai‐cheng , Guo Peng , Sun Na , Peng Chan , Cheng Zhi‐hua , Gu Jing , Liu Jin‐yi , Han Fei
Published: May 2024

Background

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including the lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) subtypes, is a malignant tumor type with a poor 5‐year survival rate. The identification of new powerful diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets in NSCLC is urgently required.

Methods

The UCSC Xena, UALCAN, and GEO databases were used to screen and analyze differentially expressed genes, regulatory modes, and genetic/epigenetic alterations in NSCLC. The UCSC Xena database, GEO database, tissue microarray, and immunohistochemistry staining analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values. Gain‐of‐function assays were performed to examine the roles. The ESTIMATE, TIMER, Linked Omics, STRING, and DAVID algorithms were used to analyze potential molecular mechanisms.

Results

NR3C2 was identified as a potentially important molecule in NSCLC. NR3C2 is expressed at low levels in NSCLC, LUAD, and LUSC tissues, which is significantly related to the clinical indexes of these patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggests that the altered NR3C2 expression patterns have diagnostic value in NSCLC, LUAD, and especially LUSC patients. Decreased NR3C2 expression levels can help predict poor prognosis in NSCLC and LUAD patients but not in LUSC patients. These results have been confirmed both with database analysis and real‐world clinical samples on a tissue microarray. Copy number variation contributes to low NR3C2 expression levels in NSCLC and LUAD, while promoter DNA methylation is involved in its downregulation in LUSC. Two NR3C2 promoter methylation sites have high sensitivity and specificity for LUSC diagnosis with clinical application potential. NR3C2 may be a key participant in NSCLC development and progression and is closely associated with the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration. NR3C2 co‐expressed genes are involved in many cancer‐related signaling pathways, further supporting a potentially significant role of NR3C2 in NSCLC.

Conclusions

NR3C2 is a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Comparing the clinical outcomes of initial surgery and primary definitive radiotherapy with a dosage of 6600 cGy or higher in cT1−2N0M0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lin Chien‐Yu , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Wen Yu‐Wen , Fan Kang‐Hsing , Lin Jin‐Ching , Ng Shu‐Hang , Tsai Yao‐Te , Lee Shu‐Ru , Kang Chung‐Jan , Lee Li‐Yu , Chien Chih‐Yen , Hua Chun‐Hung , Wang Cheng Ping , Chen Tsung‐Ming , Terng Shyuang‐Der , Tsai Chi‐Ying , Wang Hung‐Ming , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Yeh Chih‐Hua , Lin Chih‐Hung , Tsao Chung‐Kan , Cheng Nai‐Ming , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Huang Shiang‐Fu , Lee Li‐Ang , Fang Ku‐Hao , Wang Yu‐Chien , Lin Wan‐Ni , Hsin Li‐Jen , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Liao Chun‐Ta
Published: May 2024

Background

To compare the clinical outcomes of two treatment modalities, initial surgery and primary definitive radiotherapy (RT), in Taiwanese patients diagnosed with cT1−2N0M0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).

Methods

Between 2011 and 2019, we analyzed data for 13,542 cT1−2N0M0 patients who underwent initial surgery (n = 13,542) or definitive RT with a dosage of at least 6600 cGy (n = 145) for the treatment of OCSCC. To account for baseline differences, we employed propensity score (PS) matching, resulting in two well‐balanced study groups (initial surgery, n = 580; definitive RT, n = 145).

Results

Before PS matching, the 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates were 88% for the surgery group and 58% for the RT group. After PS matching, the 5‐year DSS rates of the two groups were 86% and 58%, respectively. Similarly, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates before PS matching were 80% for the surgery group and 36% for the RT group, whereas after PS matching, they were 73% and 36%, respectively. All these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). A multivariable analysis identified treatment with RT, older age, stage II tumors, and a higher burden of comorbidities as independent risk factors for both DSS and OS. We also examined the 5‐year outcomes for various subgroups (margin ≥5 mm, margin <5 mm, positive margins, RT combined with chemotherapy, and RT alone) as follows: DSS, 89%/88%/79%/63%/51%, respectively, p < 0.0001; OS, 82%/79%/68%/39%/32%, respectively, p < 0.0001.

Conclusions

In Taiwanese patients with cT1−2N0M0 OCSCC, a remarkably low proportion (1.1%) completed definitive RT. A significant survival disparity of 30% was observed between patients who underwent initial surgery and those who received definitive RT. Interestingly, even patients from the surgical group with positive surgical margins exhibited a significantly superior survival compared to those in the definitive RT group.
A large‐scale, multicenter characterization of BRAF G469V/A‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Han , Feng Jian , Lu Shun , Huang Jia
Published: May 2024

Background

Mutated BRAF is identified in 1%–5% non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, with non‐V600 mutations accounting for 50%–70% of these. The most common non‐V600 mutation is BRAF G469V/A. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available for non‐V600 mutated patients. A recent report provided interesting preclinical evidence revealing sensitivity of BRAF G469V to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, raising the possibility of repurposing anti‐EGFR agents. It is therefore worthy to characterize the clinical and molecular features of BRAF G469V/A‐mutant NSCLC to provide more insights for precision therapy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective screening of 25,694 Chinese patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC to identify individuals with mutated BRAF. Additionally, we performed similar screenings on patients with adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 567) and the MSKCC cohort (n = 1152). Subsequently, we characterized the clinical and molecular features of the patients carrying BRAF mutations.

Results

BRAF G469V was identified in 28 (0.1%) patients from the Chinese NSCLC cohort and 5 (0.9%) from TCGA‐LUAD. Notably, none was identified in the MSKCC cohort. G469A was found in 79 (0.3%) Chinese patients, 2 (0.4%) from TCGA‐LUAD, and 9 (0.8%) from the MSKCC cohort. Relative allele frequency analysis suggested most BRAF mutations as driven clones. Tumor mutation burden (median 4 mutations/Mb) was not significantly different between patients carrying G469V, G469A, V600E, or other BRAF mutations. Surprisingly, KRAS mutations were found in approximately 50% of patients with G469V mutation and about 8% of patients with G469A mutation, representing a prominent potential resistance mechanism against EGFR inhibitors. Structural modeling suggested BRAF G469V and G469A as binding partners of gefitinib.

Conclusion

Our large‐scale analysis characterized the prevalence and mutational landscape of BRAF G469V/A‐mutant NSCLC and proposed gefitinib as a potential option, providing a basis for further investigations on treating BRAF‐mutated NSCLC.
Exploring the Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Profiles of Aqueous Extracts of Kalanchoe
Authors: Machinski Isadora , Andrade Evelyn Assis , Schaffka Vinicius Monteiro , de Almeida Valter Paes , Santos Aline , Bueno Debora , Perera Wilmer Hervet , Pereira Romaiana Picada , Manfron Jane , Miyoshi Edmar , Beltrame Flávio Luís
Published: May 2024

The use of plants for medicinal purposes has a long history, however it is desirable a continuous evaluation seeking for complementary scientific evidences for their safe application. Species within the Kalanchoe genus are often referred to as “miracle leaf” due to their remarkable healing properties. Traditionally, these plants have been used to treat infections, inflammation, and cancer. Despite their widespread use, the identification of their active components remains incomplete. This study aimed to differentiate K. crenata (KC), K. marmorata (KM), and K. pinnata (KP) by conducting detailed histochemical and phytochemical analyses, and to assess their antioxidant capabilities. The investigation revealed significant differences between the species, highlighting the variability in phenolic (PC) and flavonoid contents (FC) and their distinct antioxidant effects. The KM demonstrated the greatest results (PC: 59.26±1.53 mgEqGA/g; FC: 12.63±0.91 mgEqCQ/g; DPPH⋅ (IC50): 110.66 ug/mL; ABTS⋅+ (IC50): 26.81 ug/mL; ORAC: 9.65±0.75 mmolTE) when compared to KC and KP. These findings underscore a new reference for research within the Kalanchoe genus.
Comparison of thrombogenicity in different types of drug‐eluting stents during transition from DAPT to SAPT
Authors: Kawai Kenji , Sato Yu , Cornelissen Anne , Kolodgie Frank D. , Cheng Qi , Kawakami Rika , Konishi Takao , Perkins Laura E. L. , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V.
Published: May 2024

Background

During the transition from dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), previous studies have raised concerns about a rebound effect. We compared platelet and inflammatory cell adhesion on different types of stents in the setting of clopidogrel presence and withdrawal.

Methods

In Experiment 1, three pigs were administered with DAPT, that is, clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), for 7 days. Each animal underwent an extracorporeal carotid arteriovenous shunt model implanted with fluoropolymer‐coated everolimus‐eluting stent (FP‐EES), biodegradable‐polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent (BP‐SES), and biodegradable‐polymer everolimus‐eluting stents (BP‐EES). In Experiment 2, two pigs were administered DAPT, clopidogrel was then withdrawn at day 7, and SAPT with ASA was continued for next 21 days. Then flow‐loop experiments with the drawn blood from each time point were performed for FP‐EES, BioLinx‐polymer zotarolimus‐eluting stents (BL‐ZES), and BP‐EES. The rebound effect was defined as the statistical increase of inflammation and platelet adhesion assessed with immunohistochemistry on the stent‐strut level basis from baseline to day‐14 or 28.

Results

Both experiments showed platelet adhesion value was highest in BP‐EES, while the least in FP‐EES during DAPT therapy. There was no increase in platelet or inflammatory cell adhesion above baseline values (i.e., no therapy) due to the cessation of clopidogrel on the stent‐strut level. Monocyte adhesion was the least for FP‐EES with the same trend observed for neutrophil adhesion.

Conclusions

No evidence of rebound effect was seen after the transition from DAPT to SAPT. FP‐EES demonstrated the most favorable antithrombotic and anti‐inflammatory profile regardless of the different experimental designs.
Temporal trends with the Evolut family of self‐expanding transcatheter heart valves: A single‐center experience
Authors: Merdler Ilan , Case Brian C. , Bhogal Sukhdeep , Reddy Pavan K. , Zhang Cheng , Ali Syed , Gallino Paige E. , Jackman Caroline , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Satler Lowell F. , Cohen Jeffery E. , Rogers Toby , Waksman Ron
Published: May 2024

Background

The Evolut self‐expanding valve (SEV) systems (Medtronic), were designed to accommodate varying valve sizes and reduce paravalvular leak (PVL) while maintaining a low delivery profile. These systems have evolved between product generations, alongside valve deployment techniques changing over time.

Aims:

This study aimed to examine whether these changes impacted clinical outcomes.

Methods

EPROMPT is a prospective, investigator‐initiated, postmarketing registry of consecutive patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using the Evolut PRO/PRO+ SEV system. A total of 300 patients were divided into three consecutive cohorts of 100 patients according to implantation date (January to October 2018, November 2018 to July 2020, and August 2020 to November 2021). Procedural and clinical outcomes over these time periods were compared.

Results

Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)−2 device implantation success improved over time (70.0% vs. 78.0% vs. 88.8%, p = 0.01), with a similar trend for VARC‐3 device success (94.7% vs. 81.7% vs. 96.8%, p < 0.001). PVL (all degrees) frequency was likewise reduced over time (31.0% vs. 17.0% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.04). Furthermore, a trend was noticed toward shorter procedure times and shorter length of stay. However, postprocedural pacemaker implantation rates did not significantly differ (15.2% vs. 21.1% vs. 14.0%, p = 0.43).

Conclusion

During a 3‐year period, we demonstrated better TAVR outcomes with newer SEV iterations, alongside changes in implantation techniques, which might result in better procedural and clinical outcomes. However, we did not see a significant change in peri‐procedural pacemaker rates for SEV.
Shedding Light on Electrocatalysts: Practical Considerations for Operando Studies with High‐Energy X‐Rays
Authors: Pittkowski Rebecca K.
Published: May 2024

Operando studies using high‐energy X‐rays from synchrotron sources are essential for unraveling the complex material transformation that electrocatalysts undergo under operating conditions. This article explores key considerations to perform these experiments and the insights gained from such studies on nanostructured electrocatalysts. Critical factors include optimizing electrochemical performance while obtaining high‐quality X‐ray signals, which often require compromises. The electrochemical operando cell design is crucial, and several different cells are discussed here. Working electrode geometries parallel to the X‐ray beam, probed with a microfocused beam, are emerging as promising solutions for realistic electrochemical performance in operando cells. Careful attention must also be paid to the electrochemical measuring conditions, electrode loading, and beam damage to ensure reliable experiments. When carefully performed and by combining multiple characterization techniques, operando studies with high‐energy X‐rays offer the unique possibility to fully understand the structure of the active electrocatalyst.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Cell Design for Concurrent Chemical Production and Electricity Generation
Authors: Zhao Mengting , Zeng Ye , Zhang Xiaoyi , Liang Hanfeng
Published: May 2024

Electricity generation and chemical production are both critical cornerstone for modern society. Integrating electricity output and high value chemical production in an electrochemical system is highly attractive both environmentally and sustainably. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of these multifunctional devices (electrocatalytic flow batteries) that could generate both electricity and high value chemicals through rational coupling of half‐electrode reactions, covering the basic principles, device configurations, and applications. We also discuss the current challenges and suggest potential research directions.
Detection storage time of mangoes after mild bruise based on hyperspectral imaging combined with deep learning
Authors: Yao Chi , Su Cheng‐tao , Zou Ji‐ping , Ou‐yang Shang‐tao , Wu Jian , Chen Nan , de Liu Yan , Li Bin
Published: May 2024

To reduce the number of bruised mangoes at source, it is important to determine the different storage times of mangoes after mild bruise. In order to address this issue, a hyperspectral imaging combined with deep learning model was proposed. First, the average spectrum of the sample bruised area was extracted as spectral features, and then, the six eigenvalues of the most representative PC1 image were calculated as texture features based on the gray level co‐occurrence matrix. In order to find the optimal discriminative model, random forest (RF), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and convolutional neural network (CNN) models were built based on spectral features, texture features, and spectral features combined with texture features (Feature Fusion 1), respectively. The results showed that the best model discriminating model was based on CNN under Feature Fusion 1, with an overall accuracy of 90.22%. To reduce the redundant information and noise introduced by the full spectrum, uninformative variable elimination (UVE) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithms were used to filter the spectral features. The screened spectral features were fused with texture features (Feature Fusion 2) and modeled again with RF, PLS‐DA, XGBoost, and CNN. The results showed that the optimal model for discriminating different storage times of mangoes after bruise was the CNN model based on feature fusion 2 (CARS), with an overall accuracy of 93.48%. In summary, this study shows that the spectral features combined with texture features can be used to effectively improve the model's discriminative results for different storage times of mango after mild bruise. Compared to other machine learning models, the CNN model in this paper achieves better results. It provides a theoretical basis for hyperspectral imaging combined with deep learning in discriminating different storage times of mangoes after mild bruise.
A β‐Glucosyl Sterol Probe for in situ Fluorescent Labelling in Neuronal Cells to Investigate Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Borsato Giuseppe , Carnio Francesco , Lunardon Sara , Moletta Mattia , Pavan Giulio , Terrin Francesca , Scarso Alessandro , Plotegher Nicoletta , Fabris Fabrizio
Published: May 2024

A β‐glucosyl sterol probe bearing a terminal alkyne moiety for fluorescent tagging enables the investigation of the neuronal and intracellular localization of this class of compounds involved in neurodegenerative diseases. The compound showed localization in the neuronal cells, with marked differences in the uptake and metabolism leading to enhanced persistence with respect to the un‐glycosylated sterol analogue. In addition, a different impact was observed towards lysosomes, with the simple sterol probe showing the enlargement of the lysosome structures, while the β‐glucosyl sterol was less capable to alter the morphology of this specific organelle.
High‐Pressure Synthesis and Recovery of Single Crystals of the Metastable Manganese Carbide, MnCx
Authors: Marshall Paul V. , Thiel Scott D. , Cote Elizabeth E. , Arigbede John , Whitaker Matthew L. , Walsh James P. S.
Published: May 2024

Transition metal carbides find widespread use throughout industry due to their high strength and resilience under extreme conditions. However, they remain largely limited to compounds formed from the early d‐block elements, since the mid‐to‐late transition metals do not form thermodynamically stable carbides. We report here the high‐pressure bulk synthesis of large single crystals of a novel metastable manganese carbide compound, MnCx (P63/mmc), which adopts the anti‐NiAs‐type structure with significant substoichiometry at the carbon sites. We demonstrate how synthesis pressure modulates the carbon loading, with ~40 % occupancy being achieved at 9.9 GPa.
Collective Total Synthesis of Ecklonialactones, Eiseniachlorides and Analogs
Authors: Guy Alexandre , Delly Shanice , Galano Jean‐Marie , Durand Thierry , Oger Camille
Published: May 2024

Ecklonialactones, Eiseniachlorides, and Egregiachlorides are synthesized in living organisms via the lipoxygenase‐mediated oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Originally isolated and identified from brown seaweed (Ecklonia stolonifera, Eisenia bicyclis, and Egregia menziesii), and later replicated on milligram scale through chemical synthesis, the full biological activities of these compounds remain to be elucidated. To bridge this gap in knowledge, we propose a unified methodology to synthesize the 14‐membered macrocyclic structures of Ecklonialactones, Eiseniachlorides and analogs using a versatile and convergent approach. This study delineates the synthesis of Ecklonialactone A, B, C, D, and Eiseniachlorides A and B, as well as ent‐Ecklonialactone B, 16‐epi‐Ecklonialactone B and 12,13‐diepi‐Ecklonialactone B.
C‐Terminal Decarboxylation of Proline‐Derived Building Blocks for Protein‐Binding Peptides
Authors: Engelhardt Pascal M. , Strippel Julian , Albat Dominik , Chiha Slim , Rojas Pión Juliana , Plein Laura , Kühne Ronald , Müller Matthias , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: May 2024

Using a set of conformationally restricted Proline‐derived Modules (ProMs), our group has recently succeeded in developing inhibitors for the enabled/vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein homology 1 (EVH1) domain, which is a key mediator of cell migration and plays an important role in tumor metastasis. While these (formally) pentapeptidic compounds show nanomolecular binding affinities towards EVH1, their drug‐like properties and cell permeability need to be further optimized before they can be clinically tested as therapeutic agents against metastasis. In this study, we sought to improve these properties by removing the C‐terminal carboxylic acid function of our peptoids, either by late‐stage decarboxylation or by direct synthesis. For late‐stage decarboxylation of ProM‐like systems, a method for reductive halo decarboxylation was optimized and applied to several proline‐derived substrates. In this way, a series of new decarboxy ProMs suitable as building blocks for decarboxy EVH1 inhibitors were obtained. In addition, we incorporated decarboxy‐ProM‐1 into the pentapeptide‐like compound Ac[2ClF][ProM‐2][Decarb‐ProM‐1], which showed similar affinity towards EVH1 as the methyl ester derivative (Ac[2Cl‐F][ProM‐2][ProM1]OMe). However, despite better calculated drug‐like properties, this compound did not inhibit chemotaxis in a cellular assay.
Internet‐Based Cognitive Behavioural Treatments for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Polak Martin , Tanzer Norbert K.
Published: May 2024

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common mental health condition characterized by distressing, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety. Internet‐based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) has emerged as an effective treatment modality for various mental health disorders. This meta‐analysis evaluates the efficacy of guided self‐help ICBT (GSH ICBT) and unguided self‐help ICBT (SH ICBT) against active and passive control conditions in adults with OCD. A comprehensive systematic literature search yielded 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 15 comparison arms (N = 1416) that met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that GSH ICBT significantly reduced OCD symptomatology posttreatment compared to active controls (g = 0.378, k = 9), with no significant effects maintained at follow‐up (g = 0.153, k = 4). GSH ICBT was also found to be as effective as active CBT interventions in reducing comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms posttreatment (g = 0.278, k = 6) and at follow‐up (g = 0.124, k = 4). However, improvements in quality of life were not significant posttreatment (g = 0.115, k = 4) nor at follow‐up (g = 0.179, k = 3). Combined GSH and SH ICBT demonstrated large effects on reducing OCD symptoms (g = 0.754, k = 6), medium effects on comorbid symptoms (g = 0.547, k = 6) and small effects on quality of life (g = 0.227, k = 2) when compared to inactive controls. No significant differences were found between GSH and SH ICBT in all measured outcomes posttreatment (OCD: g = 0.098, k = 3; AD: g = 0.070, k = 3; QoL: g = −0.030, k = 1) and at follow‐up (OCD: g = 0.265, k = 2; AD: g = 0.084, k = 2; QoL: g = 0.00, k = 1). Sample size was identified as a significant moderator of treatment effects. This paper further explores clinical significance, treatment adherence, therapist time investment and moderator influences of the ICBT. The limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are thoroughly discussed.
Contexts Matter in ‘a Distress Shared Is a Distress Halved’: A Meta‐Analysis of Distress Sharing–Psychological Distress Relations
Authors: Kim Sooyeon , Yoon Sunkyung
Published: May 2024

Can ‘a distress shared is a distress halved’ be universally applied? The relationship between sharing distress with others and individuals' psychological health may oscillate depending on how and where it is shared. This meta‐analysis aimed to examine (1) whether the relationship between sharing distress and psychological distress is moderated by the manner of sharing (i.e. general tendency to share distress with others [general distress sharing] vs. ruminatively fixating on the negatives during the sharing [co‐rumination]) and (2) cultural context (Eastern vs. Western). A total of 110 effect sizes from 105 studies (91 articles on general distress sharing and 84 articles on co‐rumination) were included in the analysis with sharing manner as a moderator. For the cross‐cultural analyses, 61 studies were included with 47 studies conducted in Western cultures and 15 studies conducted in Eastern cultures. Whereas generally sharing distress was negatively related to psychological distress, co‐rumination showed a positive correlation with psychological distress. Culture significantly moderated co‐rumination but not general distress sharing in relation to psychological distress. General distress sharing was consistently associated with decreased psychological distress across cultures. In contrast, co‐rumination was related to deleterious psychological health only among Westerners, while Easterners showed a non‐significant association with psychological distress. Our results align with the increasing importance of taking contextual factors into account in the field of emotion regulation literature.