bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to decolonizing nursing
Authors: Chinn Peggy L. , Smith Marlaine C.
Published: March 2023

The fact that racism and other forms of discrimination and injustice have persisted in our own nursing communities despite our rhetoric of caring and compassion can no longer be denied. This fact gave rise to a webinar in which the scholars represented in this issue of Nursing Philosophy appear. The webinar centered on the philosophy, phenomenology and scholarship of Indigenous nurses and nurses of color. The authors of the articles in this issue are giving us the precious gift of their ideas. All of us, white scholars and scholars of color, must come together to receive this gift, learn from their words and their insight, debate the ideas, honor the perspectives, and consider ways that we can move this discourse forward to create new possibilities for nursing, new possibilities to shape the future development of our discipline.
Periodontitis deteriorates renal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration in rats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lee Youn Soo , Kim Ae Ri , Jeon Yeong‐Eui , Bak Eun‐Jung , Yoo Yun‐Jung
Published: March 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of periodontitis on renal function and morphology in rats with or without nephrectomy (Nx)‐induced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods

Rats were divided into sham surgery (Sham), Sham with tooth ligation (ShamL), Nx, and NxL groups. Periodontitis was induced by tooth ligation at 16‐week olds. Creatinine, alveolar bone area, and renal histopathology were analyzed at 20‐week olds.

Results

Creatinine did not differ between the Sham and ShamL groups or between the Nx and NxL groups. The ShamL and NxL groups (both p = 0.002) had less alveolar bone area than the Sham group. The NxL group had fewer glomeruli than the Nx group (p < 0.000). The periodontitis groups demonstrated more tubulointerstitial fibrosis (Sham vs. ShamL p = 0.002, Nx vs. NxL p < 0.000) and macrophage infiltration (Sham vs. ShamL p = 0.002, Nx vs. NxL p = 0.006) than the groups without periodontitis. Only the NxL group had greater renal TNFα expression than the Sham group (p < 0.003).

Conclusions

These suggest that periodontitis increases renal fibrosis and inflammation in the presence or absence of CKD but does not affect renal function. Periodontitis also increases TNFα expression in the presence of CKD.
Distinctive alterations in the mesocorticolimbic circuits in various psychiatric disorders
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Ishida Takuya , Tanaka Saori C. , Mitsuyama Yuki , Yokoyama Satoshi , Shinzato Hotaka , Itai Eri , Okada Go , Kobayashi Yuko , Kawashima Takahiko , Miyata Jun , Yoshihara Yujiro , Takahashi Hidehiko , Aoki Ryuta , Nakamura Motoaki , Ota Haruhisa , Itahashi Takashi , Morita Susumu , Kawakami Shintaro , Abe Osamu , Okada Naohiro , Kunimatsu Akira , Yamashita Ayumu , Yamashita Okito , Imamizu Hiroshi , Morimoto Jun , Okamoto Yasumasa , Murai Toshiya , Hashimoto Ryu‐Ichiro , Kasai Kiyoto , Kawato Mitsuo , Koike Shinsuke
Published: March 2023

Aim

Increasing evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are linked to alterations in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine‐related circuits. However, the common and disease‐specific alterations remain to be examined in schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, this study aimed to examine common and disease‐specific features related to mesocorticolimbic circuits.

Methods

This study included 555 participants from four institutes with five scanners: 140 individuals with SCZ (45.0% female), 127 individuals with MDD (44.9%), 119 individuals with ASD (15.1%), and 169 healthy controls (HC) (34.9%). All participants underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A parametric empirical Bayes approach was adopted to compare estimated effective connectivity among groups. Intrinsic effective connectivity focusing on the mesocorticolimbic dopamine‐related circuits including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), shell and core parts of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were examined using a dynamic causal modeling analysis across these psychiatric disorders.

Results

The excitatory shell‐to‐core connectivity was greater in all patients than in the HC group. The inhibitory shell‐to‐VTA and shell‐to‐mPFC connectivities were greater in the ASD group than in the HC, MDD, and SCZ groups. Furthermore, the VTA‐to‐core and VTA‐to‐shell connectivities were excitatory in the ASD group, while those connections were inhibitory in the HC, MDD, and SCZ groups.

Conclusion

Impaired signaling in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine‐related circuits could be an underlying neuropathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. These findings will improve the understanding of unique neural alternations of each disorder and will facilitate identification of effective therapeutic targets.
Clinical influence of multiplex polymerase chain reaction routine uses in urgent pediatric admissions
Authors: Kuribayashi Mutsuko , Otake Shogo , Kamiyoshi Naohiro , Naito Sanae , Yamamoto Yuko , Shirai Keisuke , Fujisawa Kai , Kasai Masashi , Kugo Masaaki
Published: March 2023

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has prompted some hospitals to implement screening tests upon admission since 2020. FilmArray® Respiratory 2.1 Panel (FilmArray) is a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting respiratory pathogens. We aimed to assess the clinical influence of the routine use of FilmArray for pediatric patients, including those without symptoms suggestive of an infection.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center retrospective observational study, which investigated patients aged ≤15 years who underwent FilmArray on admission in 2021. We collected the patients' epidemiological information, symptoms, and FilmArray results from their electronic health records.

Results

A positive result was observed in 58.6% of patients admitted to the general ward or intensive care unit (ICU) but only in 1.5% of patients in the neonatal ward. Among the patients admitted to the general ward or ICU who tested positive, 93.3% had symptoms suggestive of infections, 44.6% had a sick contact before admission, and 70.5% had siblings. However, 62 (28.2%) out of 220 patients without the four (fever, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and dermal) symptoms also had positive results. Among them, 18 patients with adenovirus and three with respiratory syncytial virus were isolated to private rooms. However, 12 (57.1%) patients were discharged without symptoms suggestive of viral infection.

Conclusion

Multiplex PCR routine use for all inpatients may lead to excessive management of positive cases because FilmArray cannot quantify microorganisms. Thus, targets for testing should be considered carefully based on patients' symptoms and histories of sick contacts.
Donor specific antibody surveillance among pediatric kidney transplant programs: A report from the improving renal outcome collaborative
Authors: Steinbach Emily J. , Barletta Gina M. , Patel Hiren P. , Hooper David K. , Garro Rouba , Harshman Lyndsay A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Kidney transplantation (KT) is the preferred treatment for children with end‐stage kidney disease. Recent advances in immunosuppression and advances in donor specific antibody (DSA) testing have resulted in prolonged allograft survival; however, standardized approaches for surveillance DSA monitoring and management of de novo (dn) DSA are widely variable among pediatric KT programs.

Methods

Pediatric transplant nephrologists in the multi‐center Improving Renal Outcomes Collaborative (IROC) participated in a voluntary, web‐based survey between 2019 and 2020. Centers provided information pertaining to frequency and timing of routine DSA surveillance and theoretical management of dnDSA development in the setting of stable graft function.

Results

29/30 IROC centers responded to the survey. Among the participating centers, screening for DSA occurs, on average, every 3 months for the first 12 months post‐transplant. Antibody mean fluorescent intensity and trend most frequently directed changes in patient management. Increased creatinine above baseline was reported by all centers as an indication for DSA assessment outside of routine surveillance testing. 24/29 centers would continue to monitor DSA and/or intensify immunosuppression after detection of antibodies in the setting of stable graft function. In addition to enhanced monitoring, 10/29 centers reported performing an allograft biopsy upon detection of dnDSA, even in the setting of stable graft function.

Conclusions

This descriptive report is the largest reported survey of pediatric transplant nephrologist practice patterns on this topic and provides a reference for monitoring dnDSA in the pediatric kidney transplant population.
Do vasoactive medications impact donor hearts clinical outcomes in pediatric heart transplantation?
Authors: Blitzer David , Lirette Seth , Kane Lauren , Copeland Jack G. , Baran David A. , Copeland Hannah
Published: March 2023

Objectives

There is limited data examining donor vasopressor and/or inotrope medications (vasoactives) on pediatric orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) outcomes. We aim to evaluate the effects of vasoactives on pediatric OHT outcomes.

Methods

The United Network for Organ Sharing database was retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 to March 2018 for donor hearts. Exclusion criteria included multiorgan transplants and recipient age >18. Donors receiving vasoactives at the time of procurement were compared to donors not on vasoactives, including the number of vasoactives and the type. End‐points of interest were survival at 30 days and 1 year as well as post‐transplant rejection at 1 year. Logistic and Cox models were used to quantify survival end‐points.

Results

Of 6462 donors, 3187 (49.3%) were receiving at least one vasoactive. Comparing any vasoactive medication versus none, there was no difference in 30‐day survival (p = .27), 1 year survival (p = .89), overall survival (p = .68), or post‐transplant rejection (p = .98). There was no difference in 30‐day survival for donors receiving 2 or more vasoactive infusions (p = .89), 1 year survival (p = .53), overall survival (p = .75), or post‐transplant rejection at 1 year (p = .87). Vasopressin was associated with decreased 30‐day mortality (OR = 0.22; p = .028), dobutamine with decreased 1‐year mortality (OR = 0.37; p = .036), overall survival (HR = 0.51; p = .003), and decreased post‐transplant rejection (HR = 0.63; p = .012).

Conclusions

There is no difference in pediatric OHT outcomes when the cardiac donor is treated with vasoactive infusions at procurement. Vasopressin and dobutamine were associated with improved outcomes. This information can be used to guide medical management and donor selection.
Biosynthesis of capsaicinoids in pungent peppers under salinity stress
Authors: Shams Mostafakamal , Yuksel Esra Arslan , Agar Guleray , Ekinci Melek , Kul Raziye , Turan Metin , Yildirim Ertan
Published: March 2023

The synthesis of capsaicinoids occurs in the placenta of the fruits of pungent peppers. However, the mechanism of capsaicinoids' biosynthesis in pungent peppers under salinity stress conditions is unknown. The Habanero and Maras genotypes, the hottest peppers in the world, were chosen as plant material for this study, and they were grown under normal and salinity (5 dS m−1) conditions. The results showed that salinity stress harmed plant growth but increased the capsaicin content by 35.11% and 37.00%, as well as the dihydrocapsaicin content by 30.82% and 72.89% in the fruits of the Maras and Habanero genotypes, respectively, at 30 days after planting. The expression analysis of key genes in capsaicinoids biosynthesis revealed that the PAL1, pAMT, KAS, and PUN1 genes were overexpressed in the vegetative and reproductive organs of pungent peppers under normal conditions. However, under salinity stress, overexpression of PAL1, pAMT, and PUN1 genes was identified in the roots of both genotypes, which was accompanied by an increase in capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content. The findings showed that salinity stress caused an enhancement in the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents in the roots, leaves, and fruits of pungent peppers. Nonetheless, it was found that the production of capsaicinoids is generally not restricted to the fruits of pungent peppers.
Fighting the last war: Is presidential hindsight 20‐20?
Authors: Groves Bryan N.
Published: March 2023

Fighting the last war lays out the contours of a theoretical framework that explains U.S. presidential decisions to cut losses or double down on major post‐Vietnam military conflicts. The archival sources and principal interviews give readers an insider's look into presidents' conflict decision making. The article explains how the Vietnam War catastrophe shaped Presidents Reagan and Clinton's attempts to avoid a similar quagmire in Lebanon in 1983–1984 and Somalia in 1993, respectively. It then shows how new lessons from 9/11 and beyond shaped Presidents Bush and Obama's decisions to surge troops and employ counterinsurgency strategies in Iraq (2007) and Afghanistan (2009). While Vietnam‐era lessons remained important to all these presidents, pre‐9/11 they believed entrapment risks from incremental escalation were worse than de‐escalation risks. After 9/11, the logic flipped.
Managing our SOBs: Washington's response to friendly dictators in trouble
Authors: Béliveau Victor A.
Published: March 2023

Why does the United States either continue to support or turn its back on a friendly dictator once that dictator is faced with internal uprisings? This study argues that a US president's decision to either remain loyal to or abandon dictators when they are in trouble ultimately depends on the preservation of acquired influence (PAI). This argument is tested by considering three crises in which the White House was faced with a choice between prolonging support or abandoning established alliances with Batista in Cuba (1956–1959), Mobutu in Zaire (1990–1991), and Mubarak in Egypt (2011). In all three case studies, the PAI argument is found to account for observed variations in US foreign policy toward friendly dictators in trouble.
Addressing barriers to proactive restoration of at‐risk sagebrush communities: a causal layered analysis
Authors: Calzado‐Martinez Carmen , Brunson Mark W. , Koutzoukis Sofia , Baggio Jacopo , Veblen Kari E.
Published: March 2023

Restoration success in degraded rangelands often depends on a site's resilience to disturbance and resistance to invasive plants. Because it is more difficult to restore plant communities after they are dominated by invasive species, a potential approach is proactive restoration in sites at risk of crossing degradation thresholds (e.g. initiating restoration prior to invasive grass dominance). When developing a new restoration approach, it is important to consider operational feasibility, including social, budgetary, and environmental factors. Accordingly, we studied influences within land management agencies on the adoption of a specific proactive restoration approach: out‐planting native grass and forb seedlings into sagebrush stands before they are dominated by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Managers from federal and state land management agencies across the Great Basin, U.S.A, were interviewed regarding perceived feasibility of these practices. Twelve in‐depth interviews were conducted, and responses were analyzed using a qualitative method, causal layered analysis, not previously applied in a land management context. In the most superficial (litany) layer, cost and scale were prominent. The next (systemic) layer was framed by policy and bureaucracy limitations as well as technical barriers to implementation. In the third (worldview) layer, lack of a proactive management tradition within agencies represented a principal barrier. In the deepest (myth/metaphor) layer, the central belief is that human intervention should be used to protect ecosystem services only after they are disrupted due to human activity. Based on the different obstacles found at each level, we suggest ways to overcome the barriers detected.
Aesthetic Republicanism in Shostakovich’s Fourteenth Symphony
Authors: Maslov Boris , Brito Paulo
Published: March 2023

Dmitri Shostakovich’s Fourteenth symphony, marked by an experimental and politically charged libretto, is set to verses by four poets, including a piece by Wilhelm Küchelbecker that the composer discovered in Yuri Tynianov’s historical novel Kiukhlia: Story of a Decembrist. Considered in light of the manifold intellectual ties between Shostakovich and Tynianov, the use of Küchelbecker’s poem can be seen to have major implications for the idea of “earthly immortality” (Hannah Arendt) that the symphony articulates. Through his engagement with Küchelbecker and Tynianov, Shostakovich molds an aestheticist version of the distinctly late Soviet ideology of non‐violent opposition to state oppression.
Plasma procalcitonin kinetics in healthy dogs and dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
Authors: Rompf Johanna , Hettlich Bianca , Lutz Bérénice , Marti Eliane , Mirkovitch Jelena , Peters Laureen , Adamik Katja‐Nicole , Schüpbach‐Regula Gertraud , Willi Barbara , Schuller Simone
Published: March 2023

Background

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a well‐established biomarker for bacterial infection in human patients.

Objectives

We aimed to analyze the kinetics of plasma PCT (pPCT) in healthy dogs and dogs with canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).

Methods

This prospective, longitudinal study included 15 healthy dogs and 25 dogs undergoing TPLO. Hematology, pPCT, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were assessed on 3 consecutive days in healthy dogs and 1 day preoperatively and days 1, 2, 10, and 56 postoperatively. Inter‐ and intraindividual variability of pPCT were assessed in healthy dogs. Median pPCT concentrations of dogs with CCL rupture preoperatively were compared with healthy controls, and median pPCT concentrations, as well as percentage change post anesthesia, arthroscopy, and TPLO, were compared with baseline. For the correlation analysis, the Spearman rank correlation test was used.

Results

Inter‐ and intraindividual variabilities of pPCT in healthy dogs were 36% and 15%, respectively. Median baseline pPCT concentrations were not significantly different between healthy dogs (118.9 pg/mL; IQR: 75.3‐157.3 pg/mL) and dogs undergoing TPLO (95.9 pg/mL; IQR: 63.8‐117.0 pg/mL). Plasma PCT concentrations were significantly lower immediately post‐ than preoperatively (P < 0.001). CRP, WBC, and neutrophil concentrations increased significantly on post‐OP day 2 and had normalized by day 10.

Conclusions

These results indicate that CCL rupture, as well as anesthesia, arthroscopy, and TPLO combined, are not associated with increased pPCT concentrations in dogs with uncomplicated recovery. Considering the high intraindividual variability, individual serial measurements rather than a population‐based reference interval should be considered.
Perspectives on multi‐benefit water reuse systems: A confluence of water and wastewater management planning
Authors: Bunney Sarah , Melville‐Shreeve Peter , Chisholm Alastair , Cotterill Sarah
Published: March 2023

The multiple benefits of water reuse have yet to be fully realized in our urban water management systems. One pathway to optimal implementation is to plan for their integration with wider assets in water resource or drainage and wastewater management plans. This paper explores the perspectives of water resource and wastewater management planners. Qualitative data was gathered from a workshop organized by the Chartered Institution for Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) with 25 participants from England's Water Service Providers (WSPs), regulators (Ofwat and the Environment Agency) and consultants working within the UK water sector. The participants acknowledged that water reuse is relevant to both water resource and drainage and wastewater management planning, but that current regulatory and funding frameworks are constraining effective engagement between water resource and drainage and wastewater management planners by encouraging the development of separate plans. A general consensus of the participants was that it would be beneficial to include water reuse technology within current and future Water Resource Management Plans (WRMPs) and Drainage and Wastewater Management Plans (DWMPs). Participants suggested this could be developed through collaborative working partnerships and support from regulatory and funding frameworks that allow for the growth and development of innovative technologies and nature‐based solutions. Participants also highlighted a stronger economic case could be made for water reuse technologies if the approach seeks to capture the wider benefits and not only the ‘best value’ solution. Societal acceptance and the availability of good quality data will be key to the successful adoption of any incentivized water reuse schemes.
Direct intraoperative measurement of isometric contractile properties in living human muscle
Authors: Binder‐Markey Benjamin I. , Persad Lomas S. , Shin Alexander Y. , Litchy William J. , Kaufman Kenton R. , Lieber Richard L.
Published: March 2023

Skeletal muscle's isometric contractile properties are one of the classic structure–function relationships in all of biology allowing for extrapolation of single fibre mechanical properties to whole muscle properties based on the muscle's optimal fibre length and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA). However, this relationship has only been validated in small animals and then extrapolated to human muscles, which are much larger in terms of length and PCSA. The present study aimed to measure directly the in situ properties and function of the human gracilis muscle to validate this relationship. We leveraged a unique surgical technique in which a human gracilis muscle is transferred from the thigh to the arm, restoring elbow flexion after brachial plexus injury. During this surgery, we directly measured subject specific gracilis muscle force–length relationship in situ and properties ex vivo. Each subject's optimal fibre length was calculated from their muscle's length‐tension properties. Each subject's PCSA was calculated from their muscle volume and optimal fibre length. From these experimental data, we established a human muscle fibre‐specific tension of 171 kPa. We also determined that average gracilis optimal fibre length is 12.9 cm. Using this subject‐specific fibre length, we observed an excellent fit between experimental and theorical active length‐tension curves. However, these fibre lengths were about half of the previously reported optimal fascicle lengths of 23 cm. Thus, the long gracilis muscle appears to be composed of relatively short fibres acting in parallel that may not have been appreciated based on traditional anatomical methods.

image

Key points

Skeletal muscle's isometric contractile properties represent one of the classic structure–function relationships in all of biology and allow scaling single fibre mechanical properties to whole muscle properties based on the muscle's architecture.

This physiological relationship has only been validated in small animals but is often extrapolated to human muscles, which are orders of magnitude larger.

We leverage a unique surgical technique in which a human gracilis muscle is transplanted from the thigh to the arm to restore elbow flexion after brachial plexus injury, aiming to directly measure muscles properties in situ and test directly the architectural scaling predictions.

Using these direct measurements, we establish human muscle fibre‐specific tension of ∼170 kPa.

Furthermore, we show that the gracilis muscle actually functions as a muscle with relatively short fibres acting in parallel vs. long fibres as previously assumed based on traditional anatomical models.
Quantifying Stent Wall Shear Stress for Assessing Stent and Flow Diverter Performance for Treating Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Suess Taylor , Gent Stephen
Published: March 2023

Analysis of flow diverting intracranial aneurysm repair devices has traditionally focused on reducing intrasaccular blood flow velocity and aneurysm wall shear stress (WSS) as the primary metrics for improved perceived device performance. However, the interpretation of this data has been debated, particularly with regard to the specific biological benefits of high or low aneurysm WSS. Therefore, this research proposes an additional parameter of WSS at the stent struts that could provide valuable insight regarding the device's potential to promote occlusion at the aneurysm neck by indicating locations of increased platelet activation and microparticle shedding. Fluid flow effects were evaluated for two flow diverters (Pipeline™ and FRED™) and three stents (Enterprise™, Atlas™, and LVIS™) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models developed from two patient-derived CTA datasets with aneurysms in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar artery (BA), respectively. The device WSS data provides an additional metric for evaluating the ability of the device to constrain the blood flow within the main vessel, as well as indicating potential locations of the initiation of aneurysm occlusion. It is hypothesized that high device WSS close to the aneurysm neck creates a higher likelihood of thrombus formation and aneurysm occlusion due to platelet activation and microparticle shedding, while high device WSS proximal or distal on the device would indicate a higher likelihood of undesirable daughter vessel occlusion. Conversely, low-to-moderate device WSS throughout the device length could be interpreted as a reduced likelihood of complete occlusion of the aneurysm over time, resulting in lesser device performance.
Numerical Study of Two-Stage Temperature Control Strategy for High-Temperature Stability of Satellite-Borne Fiber Optic Gyroscope
Authors: Chang Kaifeng , Li Yun-Ze , Wang Weishu
Published: March 2023

Fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are widely used in attitude control systems of spacecraft such as satellites and Mars rovers for their superior spatial adaptability. However, changes in ambient temperature can cause errors in the FOG and reduce its output accuracy. In this paper, a fuzzy two-stage temperature control strategy applied to a satellite-borne three-axis integrated fiber optic gyroscope (TAIFOG) is proposed. And the control rules of the fuzzy two-stage temperature controller are described in detail. A thermodynamic model that can quickly and accurately respond to the dynamic thermal characteristics of the satellite-borne TAIFOG is also constructed based on the lumped method. The effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy two-stage temperature control strategy in improving the temperature stability of the satellite-borne TAIFOG in orbit is verified through numerical studies. Numerical results show that this fuzzy two-stage active temperature control strategy can fundamentally improve the thermal state of the satellite-borne TAIFOG and ensure that its sensitive element fiber optic coils maintain high-temperature stability while the TAIFOG is in orbit. In addition, the startup time of TAIFOG is reduced to 308 s compared to the case without active temperature control, which is a reduction of 96.27%. This active temperature control strategy is well suited for engineering applications to improve FOG output accuracy.
Fluidic Thrust Vector Control of Aerospace Vehicles: State-of-the-Art Review and Future Prospects
Authors: Das Arnab K. , Acharyya Kaustubh , Mankodi Tapan K. , Saha Ujjwal K.
Published: March 2023

An efficient propulsion system holds the key to the smooth operation of any aerospace vehicle over different flight regimes. Apart from generating the necessary thrust, emphasis has also been laid on vectoring the direction of thrust. The primitive modes of thrust vectoring chiefly focused on mechanical means such as the use of gimbals or hinges. The current state-of-the-art technologies demand more efficient methods for thrust vectoring, which minimize the use of mechanical components. These methods termed fluidic thrust vector control methods, employ secondary jets for achieving the required attitude, and trajectory of the aerospace vehicles such as aircraft, rockets, and missiles. Such methods have greatly helped in reducing vehicle weight, vehicle maintenance requirements, and enhancement of stealth characteristics of such vehicles. This work presents a review of the various fluidic thrust vectoring systems, starting with a brief overview of traditional thrust vectoring systems, followed by a discussion on the various aspects of fluidic thrust vectoring systems. It also highlights the effect of the various geometrical and operating conditions on the performance parameters of the thrust vectoring system such as the thrust vector angle, system thrust ratio, and thrust vectoring efficiency among others. For ensuring the comprehensive character of this work, synthetic jet vectoring techniques have also been included due to their nonmechanical nature and similarities with purely fluidic thrust vectoring techniques.
Neutronic and Thermal-Fluidic Analyses for an Additive Manufactured Reactor With SiC Matrix and TRISO Particle Fuel
Authors: Han Wenbin , Deng Jian , Lu Qi , Chen Chong , Xu Youyou , Zhang Tao , Huang Shanfang
Published: March 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a transformational digital manufacturing technology featured with rapidity, customizability, precision, and economy, which is fundamentally altering the way components are designed and manufactured. AM enables the freedom of design, and makes full use of complexity of geometry which “comes for free”. Applying AM technology to nuclear industry can yield advanced reactor designs with function and structure matched for the best thermal, fluidic and mechanical performance. In this work, an AM-informed reactor core design with silicon carbide (SiC) matrix and tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) particle fuel is proposed and analyzed. The core is an integrated 3D-printed SiC bulk with helical cruciform coolant channels, and the UO2-bearing TRISO fuel particles are dispersed in the bulk. A multiphysics analysis framework for irregular geometry is developed to analyze and further optimize the reactor design. The TRISO particle positions are generated with discrete element method (DEM). The Reactor Monte Carlo code (RMC) and the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software star-ccm+ are used for the neutronic and thermal-fluidic analyses, respectively. RMC simulates the neutron transport to predict the effective multiplication factor and power distribution. star-ccm+ calculates the flow and heat transfer in coolant channels and heat conduction in solid matrix with the power distribution as the heat source. Preliminary results show that the power peaking factor FQ decreases below 1.65, the heat transfer area increases by 30.3% and the fuel peaking temperature decreases by 25 K. The optimized AM-informed design enjoys better neutronic and thermal-fluidic performance than those with regular geometry.
Integral Hydro-Bulge Forming Method of Spherical Pressure Vessels Using a Triangle Patch Polyhedron
Authors: Jing Yang , Kong Chenghai , Guan Jingchao , Zhao Wei , Zhao Xilu
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes an integral hydrobulge forming (IHBF) method using a triangular patch polyhedron as the closed preform shell. When triangular flat parts are welded along the edges in sequence, triangular patch polyhedra are naturally formed. From the radius of the spherical pressure vessel, a design formula was derived to calculate the side lengths of the triangular flat plate parts. The water pressure, water volume, average strain of molding, and amount of springback after molding, which are necessary for implementing the IHBF for practical use, were also formulated. To verify the forming performance of the spherical pressure vessel using IHBF method, the finite element method was carried out, and a stainless-steel spherical pressure vessel with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a diameter of approximately 500 mm was fabricated using the proposed IHBF method. As a result, the measured shape error expressed as roundness to diameter ratio was 0.52%, and the calculated average plastic strain was 0.02, which was approximately 1/19 times of the forming limit strain of the material. The amount of springback after forming by calculation was approximately 0.7 mm, indicating that the amount of water required for IHBF was 5.90% of the volume of the spherical pressure vessel, while the required water pressure was no bigger than 2.3 MPa. The process directly utilizes triangular flat plate parts, eliminating the need for molds to process closed preform shells resulting in a low average plastic strain during forming, thereby improving the quality of the formed spherical pressure vessels.
Random Fatigue Analysis of Cryogenic Liquid Tanker Under Road Spectrum Load and a Simplified Algorithm
Authors: Gao Bingjun , Wang Tong , Fu Xinghua , Dong Junhua , Chen Xu , Yu Chulin
Published: March 2023

The lightweight of liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanker can reduce transportation cost and improve transportation efficiency. However, in lightweight design, the random vibration analysis based on fluid–structure interaction (FSI) is difficult, which demands to be effectively solved by simplifying the finite element model and load. The vibration test and fluid–structure interaction modal numerical analysis of a tanker model were carried out, respectively, and the results are in good agreement. Taking the DC18 LNG tanker as an example, the random vibration response analysis was carried out based on the fluid–structure interaction modal numerical analysis, and the random fatigue damage coefficient of the support region of the inner container was obtained, which was used as the benchmark for the model and load simplification. The finite element model of the LNG tanker was simplified by applying the equivalent liquid mass to the walls of the inner container in the form of density. It is found that when the equivalent liquid mass ratio is 40%, the random vibration response characteristics of the DC18 LNG tanker are close to the actual structure. In the static calculation of the simplified model, the stress response of the container support area is close to the actual structural when the equivalent road spectrum load is 0.95 g vertical acceleration. In this case, the stress result and the overall damage coefficient equivalent to the actual structure can be obtained just by static calculation, which greatly simplifies the solution process.
On the x-Independence of the $${{R}^{Q}} = F_{L}^{Q}{\text{/}}F_{2}^{Q}$$ Ratio at Low x
Authors: Abdulov N. A. , Kotikov A. V. , Lipatov A. V.
Published: March 2023

We give predictions for the ratio$${{R}^{Q}}(x,{{Q}^{2}}) = F_{L}^{Q}(x,{{Q}^{2}}){\text{/}}F_{2}^{Q}(x,{{Q}^{2}})$$at small values of Bjorken variablexin the first three orders of perturbation theory. We show an approximatex-independence of$${{R}^{Q}}(x,{{Q}^{2}})$$at lowxand non-large$${{Q}^{2}}$$values ($${{Q}^{2}} \leqslant 8{-} 10m_{Q}^{2}$$), irrespectively on the gluon density in a proton used in the calculations. This observation could be useful in subsequent phenomenological studies of the heavy flavor production at future lepton–hadron and hadron–hadron colliders.
On Rastall gravity formulation as a $$f(R,\mathcal {L}_m)$$ and a f(R, T) theory
Authors: Fabris Júlio C. , Piattella Oliver F. , Rodrigues Davi C.
Published: March 2023

Rastall introduced a stress-energy tensor whose divergence is proportional to the gradient of the Ricci scalar. This proposal leads to a change in the form of the field equations of General Relativity, but it preserves the number of degrees of freedom. Rastall’s field equations can be either interpreted as GR with a redefined SET, or it can imply different physical consequences inside the matter sector. We investigate limits under which the Rastall field equations can be directly derived from an action, in particular from twof(R)-gravity extensions:$$f(R,\mathcal L_m)$$f(R,Lm)andf(R, T). We show that there are similarities between these theories, but the Rastall SET cannot be fully recovered from them, apart from certain particular cases here discussed. It is remarkable that a simple, covariant and invertible redefinition of the SET, as the one proposed by Rastall, is hard to be directly implemented in the action.
Superconducting properties of Cu0.5Tl0.5(BaCa)(CaMg)1.5Cu4−yCdyO12−δ (y=0,1,2,3) samples
Authors: Shaheen Iqra , Khan Nawazish A. , Kanwal Anila
Published: March 2023

In order to investigate the significance of electron–phonons interaction in the origin of high [Formula: see text] superconductivity, we synthesized Cd-doped Cu[Formula: see text]Tl[Formula: see text](BaCa)(CaMg)[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]CdyO[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 1, 2, 3) samples and studied the superconducting properties. Onset temperature of the superconductivity Cu[Formula: see text]Tl[Formula: see text](BaCa)(CaMg)[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]CdyO[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 1, 2, 3) samples suppress with the increased Cd doping ratio in the final. The phonon modes are associated to the vibrations of apical and planar oxygen whereas the CuO2 planar oxygen modes are observed to harden with increasing Cd ratio in sample doping. The phase relaxation time is suppressed for the superconducting charge carriers in Cd-doped samples. The energy amount required to break the Cooper pairs apart increases. Dielectric measurements of Cu[Formula: see text]Tl[Formula: see text](BaCa)(CaMg)[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]CdyO[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 1, 2, 3) samples have been done.
Integrated Information System for 3D Interactive Reconstruction of an Archaeological Site
Authors: Calzado-Martínez Alberto , García-Fernández Ángel-Luis , Ortega-Alvarado Lidia M. , Feito-Higueruela Francisco-Ramón
Published: March 2023

Archaeological recording is intended to preserve as much information as possible about the finds. However, once the pieces are removed from the site, there is information regarding the original positioning of these pieces that may be lost or not accurately recorded and can be relevant for further studies. This spatial arrangement can also be crucial for subsequent piece restoration or to understand certain aspects of ancient cultures.

In this article, we describe a software prototype and a methodology to virtually reconstruct an archaeological site for posterity, once it has been excavated. The system is implemented with a client-server architecture. In the server, a spatial database stores and manages the three-dimensional (3D) models of the finds, as well as several 3D site ground surface models acquired at different times during the excavation process. On the client side, a graphical interface allows the user to manipulate the find models to re-create and virtually reconstruct the original spatial arrangement of the archaeological site. Topological relationships among the finds are stored in the database to provide further spatial analysis. The result is an integrated information system that goes beyond 3D visualization, making the site last for posterity after its excavation and allowing further spatial analysis.
Neighborhood Weighted Voting-Based Noise Correction for Crowdsourcing
Authors: Li Huiru , Jiang Liangxiao , Xue Siqing
Published: March 2023

In crowdsourcing scenarios, we can obtain each instance’s multiple noisy labels set from different crowd workers and then use a ground truth inference algorithm to infer its integrated label. Despite the effectiveness of ground truth inference algorithms, a certain level of noise still remains in the integrated labels. To reduce the impact of noise, many noise correction algorithms have been proposed in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, however, nearly all existing noise correction algorithms only exploit each instance’s own multiple noisy label sets but ignore the multiple noisy label sets of its neighbors. Here neighbors refer to the nearest instances found in the feature space based on the distance metric learning. In this article, we propose neighborhood weighted voting-based noise correction (NWVNC). In NWVNC, we at first take advantage of the multiple noisy label sets of each instance’s neighbors (including itself) to estimate the probability that it belongs to its integrated label. Then, we use the estimated probability to identify and filter noise instances and thus obtain a clean set and a noise set. Finally, we train three heterogeneous classifiers on the clean set and correct the noise instances by the consensus voting of three trained classifiers. The experimental results on 34 simulated and two real-world crowdsourced datasets show that NWVNC significantly outperforms all the other state-of-the-art noise correction algorithms used for comparison.
Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization to Design the Top Load of a Very Low Frequency Thirteen-Tower Umbrella Antenna
Authors: Xie Hui , Xu Xiangyu , Wu Huaning , Wang Ning
Published: March 2023

In this paper, an innovative method for designing the top load of a very low frequency (VLF) thirteen-tower umbrella antenna based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is proposed. The design of the thirteen-tower umbrella antenna’s top load mainly involves the sag and position distribution of the cables. On the basis of analyzing the influence of the cables’ sag on the antenna’s radiation efficiency, a MOPSO based on the Pareto optimality is used to optimize the location distribution of the antenna top load catenaries. The radiation resistance and static capacitance of the antenna can be both slightly improved when each diamond-shaped top load maintains 8 top load cables, while the radiation resistance and static capacitance of the antenna can be improved by more than 6% when each diamond-shaped top load is increased to 10 top load cables.
Some New Characterizations of Real Hypersurfaces with Isometric Reeb Flow in Complex Two-Plane Grassmannians
Authors: Li Dehe , Li Bo , Zhang Lifen
Published: March 2023

In this note, we establish an integral inequality for compact and orientable real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians

G

2

ℂ

m
+
2

, involving the shape operator

A

and the Reeb vector field

ξ

. Moreover, this integral inequality is optimal in the sense that the real hypersurfaces attaining the equality are completely determined. As direct consequences, some new characterizations of the real hypersurfaces in

G

2

ℂ

m
+
2

with isometric Reeb flow can be presented.
Design and Thermal-Hydraulic Evaluation of Integrated Steam Generator with Serpentine-Tube Configuration for Prevention of Sodium-Water Reaction
Authors: Kim Namhyeong , Yoon Jung , Eoh Jaehyuk , Kim Moo Hwan , Jo HangJin , Kim Hyungmo
Published: March 2023

Although sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) can have inherently enhanced safety features, there is a concern regarding unexpected events arising from a sodium-water reaction (SWR) in a Rankine cycle steam generator. Innovative concepts of integrated steam generators (ISGs), including an intermediate heat exchanger, have been suggested for eliminating an SWR by employing an intermediate fluid between liquid sodium and steam/water system. In this study, we propose an ISG designed with a novel tube configuration: a serpentine tube-type integrated steam generator (S-ISG). Furthermore, we developed a dedicated one-dimensional thermal-hydraulic analysis code for the specific design evaluation of the S-ISGs. The evaluation results are reported with reasonable explanations and compared with the results obtained using a conventional CFD tool to analyze local thermal-hydraulic characteristics that cannot be shown in the one-dimensional analyses. The proposed S-ISG has an inherent advantage for modularization as well as prevention of SWR; therefore, it is characterized by its ability to improve operational efficiency even in the case of repair, despite the low space efficiency. The results demonstrate that the component developed in this study can serve as an option to maintain cost efficiency while enhancing the public acceptability of an SFR.
Mappings Ideal of Type the Domain of Generalized

p
,
q

-Euler Matrix in

c

0

and
c
Authors: Yaying Taja , Hazarika Bipan , Mohiuddine S. A. , Mohamed OM Kalthum S. K. , Bakery Awad A.
Published: March 2023

We develop new Banach sequence spaces

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q

and

e
c

a
,
b

p
,
q

derived by the domain of generalized

p
,
q

-Euler matrix

E

a

,

b

p

,

q

in the spaces of null and convergent sequences, respectively. We investigate some topological properties and inclusion natures related to these spaces. We construct bases and obtain

α

,

β

, and

γ

-duals of the spaces

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q

and

e
c

a
,
b

p
,
q

. Certain classes of matrix transformations are characterized from

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q

and

e
c

a
,
b

p
,
q

to

Z
∈

ℓ

∞

,
c
,

c

0

,

ℓ

1

,

ℓ

k

. We obtain essential conditions of compactness of operators from

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q

and

e
c

a
,
b

p
,
q

to

Z
∈

ℓ

∞

,
c
,

c

0

,

ℓ

1

,
b
s
,
c
s
,
c

s

0

. Finally, under a definite functional

ϱ

and a weighted sequence of positive reals

δ

, we define a new sequence space

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q
,
δ

ϱ

. Certain geometric and topological properties of this space along with the eigenvalue distribution of mapping ideals due to this space and

s

-numbers are investigated.
Chemical Interactions between Thorium(IV) and O2- in the FLiBe and FLiNaK Molten Salt Systems
Authors: Peng Hao , Ji Nan , Huang Wei , Gong Yu
Published: March 2023

The chemical interactions between thorium(IV) and O2- in the LiF-BeF2 (2 : 1 mol%) (FLiBe) and LiF-NaF-KF (46.5 : 11.5 : 42 mol%) (FLiNaK) molten salt systems were studied at 873 K. The precipitation-dissolution behavior of Th(IV) oxide/oxyfluoride species, as well as the speciation law of these species and their relationship with oxide concentration in fluoride melts, were clarified. The results showed that the interactions between Th(IV) and O2- in the FLiBe melt would only produce ThO2. The saturated solubility of ThO2 in the FLiBe melt was 0.057 mol/kg, and its corresponding apparent solubility product (

K

s
p

′

) was

8.8
±
0.1

×

10

−
4

 mol3/kg3 and

8.6
±
0.7

×

10

−
4

 mol3/kg3 by dissolution and oxide titration methods, respectively. However, in the FLiNaK melt, the interactions between Th(IV) and O2- were more complex than that in FLiBe, and Th(IV) oxyfluoride species (i.e., Th2OF104- and ThOF2) were produced. Th2OF104- was initially formed with the ratio of

r
≤
0.5

(

r
=

O

2
−

added

/

Th

IV

initial

), and the Th2OF104- was converted to ThOF2 precipitate when

r
>
0.5

. Therefore, the soluble Th2OF104- is the important intermediate between Th(IV), O2-, and ThOF2 precipitation. The difference in results of the FLiBe and FLiNaK melts was attributed to the difference of free F- content in the two systems. The present work provided important reference and fundamental data for understanding the nature of thorium fuel precipitation and how to control it in the molten fluoride media, which is of significant importance for the safe operation of molten salt reactor (MSR).
Design of Artificial Metamaterial Absorber Based on Stacking Method
Authors: Jiang Liyong , Qi Hongxin , Jing Chenbin , Ding Jun , Yao Meng
Published: March 2023

A millimeter-sized artificial periodic structure material is successfully simulated, showing the characteristics of a thin geometric scale, broadband response, and high wave absorption. The periodic structural units are stacked with metal circles, notched circular rings, and the dielectric material. The design is similar to a quasi-two-dimensional planar structure and maintains the broadband while reducing the number of layers in the stack. In addition, the electromagnetic model of this microstructure is established to study its S-parameters and suction properties through the electromagnetic simulations. Numerical results reveal that when the wave is incident vertically, the absorption is over 90% in the frequency range of 14.4-14.8 GHz and 15.4-20.6 GHz. The absorber features the same absorption for different polarization states.