bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Katalytischer Zerfall von Wasser an reinen Germaniumoberflächen
Authors: Ertl G. , Giovanelli T.
Published: October 2023

Die Kinetik des Zerfalls von H2O zu H2+ Oadan reinen, durch Zertrümmern im UHV erzeugten Germaniumoberflächen wurde zwischen 150 und 380°C massenspektrometrisch verfolgt. Untersuchungen mittels der Methode der Beugung langsamer Elektronen ergaben, daß Wasser eine ungeordnete Adsorptionsphase bildet und daß die gesamte Oberfläche katalytisch wirksam sein kann. Die Strukturumwandlung reiner gespaltener Ge‐Flächen beim Erhitzen macht sich in einer Erhöhung der Aktivierungsenergie von 17 auf 25 kcal/mol im Temperaturbereich bis etwa 230°C bemerkbar; aus dem gleichen Grund durchläuft die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit an ungetemperten Proben ein Maximum bei etwa 250°C. Ab etwa 350°C ist die Verdampfung von GeO geschwindigkeitsbestimmend. Messungen mit einem Isotopengemisch ergaben, daß die Reaktion H2O → Had+ OHadeinen entscheidenden Teilschritt darstellt. Die Dotierung des Halbleiters ist ohne Einfluß auf die katalytische Aktivität.
Partial Molar Thermodynamic Quantities of Zinc in Liquid Zinc‐Gold Alloys from E.M.F. Measurements
Authors: Sacchetto Giuseppe Alberto , Bombi G. Giorgio , Fiorani Mario
Published: October 2023

The activity and other thermodynamic properties of Zn in Zn‐Au alloys were determined from e.m.f. measurements at temperatures up to 1080°K and in the composition range 1–0.4 atomic fraction of Zn.
Kernmagnetische Resonanzuntersuchungen an den Natrium‐, Lithium‐und Cäsiumformen synthetischer Zeolithe vom Faujasittyp
Authors: Lechert H. , Gunsser W. , Knappwost A.
Published: October 2023

Synthetische Zeolithe sind wegen ihres definierten Kristallgitters und ihrer großen Adsorptionskapazität für Untersuchungen von Adsorptions‐ und Katalysemechanismen besonders geeignet. Kernresonanzuntersuchungen an den Kernen der adsorbierten Verbindungen und der Gitterbausteine können hierbei die Ergebnisse der Röntgenstrukturuntersuchungen und der Adsorptionsmessungen ergänzen. In den vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Gang der Natrium‐, Lithium‐, Cäsium‐ und Protonenresonanzen an den Natrium‐, Lithium‐ und Cäsiumformen zweier Zeolithproben vom Faujasittyp mit der Wasserbelegung untersucht. Die gemessenen Linienbreiten der Kationenresonanzen werden mit aus der Kristallstruktur über die elektrischen Feldgradienten ermittelten Linienbreitenverteilungen verglichen, wodurch Aussagen über die Vorgänge bei der Adsorption und über die Verteilung der Kationen bei verschiedenen Wasserbelegungen gewonnen werden können.
Neutron Scattering from Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Stiller H.
Published: October 2023

The behaviour of a proton, hydrogen‐bonded in a condensed particle system, is described in terms of a time‐dependent self‐correlation function. It is assumed, that the proton motions characteristic for the hydrogen bond are not correlated with other motions. However, there may be correlations among hydrogen bonds. The incoherent scattering function for neutrons is calculated in harmonic approximation.
Über die Berechnung der Assoziation aliphatischer Amine aus den Exzeßfunktionen
Authors: Wolff H. , Wolff E.
Published: October 2023

Die von Kehiaian und Mitarbeitern zur Berechnung der Assoziation aus den Exzeßfunktionen abgeleiteten Beziehungen werden auf die Systeme Methyl‐, Äthyl‐, n‐Propyl‐ und Dimethylamin‐n‐Hexan bei Temperaturen zwischen +20 und ‐20°C angewandt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß die Assoziation der aliphatischen Amine mit den Beziehungen weder unter der Annahme eines Monomeren‐Tetrameren‐Gleichgewichts noch eines Gleichgewichts nach Mecke und Kempter beschrieben werden kann und am zwanglosesten mit einem polynären Gleichgewicht erklärt wird*).
Komplexbildung und Wasserstoffbrückenassoziation von Trimethyl‐ und Methylamin in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff und Hexan (nach Dampfdruckmessungen)
Authors: Wolff H. , Würtz R.
Published: October 2023

Es werden die Dampfdruckisothermen der Systeme Trimethylamin‐n‐Hexan, Trimethylamin‐Tetrachlorkohlenstoff und Methylamin‐Tetrachlorkohlenstoff bei Temperaturen zwischen +20 und ‐55°C gemessen, aus den Isothermen die Aktivitätskoeffizienten ermittelt und an Hand der aus den Aktivitätskoeffizienten gewonnenen Funktionen die Assoziationseigenschaften der Systeme untersucht.

Ein praktisch ideales Verhalten von Trimethylamin‐Hexan rechtfertigt die Annahme bei vorausgegangenen Untersuchungen der Selbstassoziation primärer und sekundärer aliphatischer Amine, daß die Mischungen dieser Verbindungen mit aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen bei Ausschluß der Assoziation als annähernd ideal angesehen werden können.

Negative Abweichungen der Isothermen des Systems Trimethylamin‐Tetrachlorkohlenstoff werden vor allem auf die Bildung von Donator‐Akzeptor‐Komplexen mit dem Amin als Elektronendonator und dem Tetrachlorkohlenstoff als Akzeptor zurückgeführt. Unter der Annahme eines annähernd idealen Verhaltens bei Ausschluß der Komplexbildung errechnet sich die Komplexbildungsenergie zu annähernd 2400 cal/mol. Abweichungen der Isothermen des Systems Methylamin‐Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, die positiv, aber erheblich kleiner als die Abweichungen der Isothermen von Methylamin‐Hexan sind, werden aus dem gleichzeitigen Vorliegen von Selbstassoziation und Komplexbildung gedeutet. Unter der Annahme eines praktisch idealen Verhaltens bei Ausschluß sowohl der Selbstassoziation als auch der Komplexbildung errechnet sich die Komplexbildungsenergie von Methylamin‐Tetrachlorkohlenstoff mit 1200–1700 cal/mol annähernd so groß wie die unter den gleichen Voraussetzungen aus den früher gemessenen Aktivitätskoeffizienten zu etwa 2000 cal/mol berechnete Komplexbildungsenergie von Dimethylamin‐Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, aber deutlich kleiner als die mit 2400 cal/mol angegebene von Trimethylamin‐Tetrachlorkohlenstoff. Der größere Wert bei diesem System trotz kleinerer Basizitätskonstante des Trimethylamins kann daraus erklärt werden, daß die Basizität der tertiären Amine in Wasser zu niedrig bestimmt wird.
Aufprägung von Molekularinformation auf Harzoberflächen und die rechnerische und graphische Ermittlung ihres Informationsinhaltes
Authors: Rackow Bogislav
Published: October 2023

Vorliegende Arbeit wird als eine Weiterentwicklung des bisherigen Standes der molekularen Informationstheorie, der molekularen Epitaxieversuche und der Silikagelprägungen durch Dickey sowie Erlenmeyer und Bartels charakterisiert.

Es wurden Phenol‐Formaldehydharze, die zum Teil mit Melamin dotiert waren, mit Cu‐Phthalozyanintetrasulfosäure geprägt.

Das “Wiedererkanntwerden” dieser Säure durch das Harz wurde durch Aufnahme von Adsorptionsisothermen mit Hilfe der “progressive batch”‐Methode und des Spektrometers geprüft.

Die erhaltene Prägung erwies sich in bezug auf diese Tetrasäure als besonders spezifisch im Vergleich zu einer Monosäure.

Die Informationsgleichung für die Größe der Prägung wurde statistisch abgeleitet. Mit Hilfe dieser Gleichung wurde die Größe der Prägung in natürlichen Informationseinheiten aus den graphisch gewonnenen Daten berechnet.
Diagnostic value of repeated comprehensive investigation with CT urography and cystoscopy for recurrent macroscopic haematuria
Authors: Abuhasanein Suleiman , Chaves Vanessa , Mohsen Ali Moustafa , Al‐Haddad Jasmine , Sunila Merete , Ströck Viveka , Jerlström Tomas , Liedberg Fredrik , Swärd Jesper , Gårdmark Truls , Jahnson Staffan , Kjölhede Henrik
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To perform a descriptive analysis of a series of patients with recurrent macroscopic haematuria after a primary standard evaluation including computed tomography urography (CTU) and cystoscopy negative for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) and upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and to identify potential factors associated with occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria.

Methods

All patients older than 50 years who underwent urological investigation for macroscopic haematuria with both cystoscopy and CTU 2015–2017 were retrospectively reviewed. A descriptive analysis of the primary and later investigations for recurrent macroscopic haematuria was performed. To investigate the association between explanatory variables and the occurrence of recurrent macroscopic haematuria, a Poisson regression analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 1395 eligible individuals with primary standard investigation negative for UBC and UTUC were included. During a median follow‐up of 6.2 (IQR 5.3–7) years, 248 (18%) patients had recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom six patients were diagnosed with UBC, two with prostate cancer, one with renal cell carcinoma and one had a suspected UTUC at the repeated investigation. Within 3 years, 148 patients (11%) experienced recurrent macroscopic haematuria, of whom two patients were diagnosed with low‐grade UBC (TaG1–2), one with T2G3 UBC and one with low‐risk prostate cancer. The presence of an indwelling catheter, use of antithrombotic medication, pathological findings at CTU or cystoscopy or history of pelvic radiotherapy were all statistically significant independent predictors for increased risk for recurrent macroscopic haematuria.

Conclusion

In the case of recurrent macroscopic haematuria within 3 years of primary standard evaluation for urinary tract cancer, there was a low risk of later urological malignancies in patients initially negative for UBC and UTUC. Therefore, waiting 3 years before conducting another complete investigation in cases of recurrent macroscopic haematuria might be appropriate.
Biosensing strategies for amyloid‐like protein aggregates
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Yan Shijun , Dong Wanting , Wu Chenyao , Zhao Zhen , Wang Renzhi , Duo Yanhong , Huang Yongzhi , Xu Ding , Jiang Cheng
Published: October 2023

Protein aggregate species play a pivotal role in the pathology of various degenerative diseases. Their dynamic changes are closely correlated with disease progression, making them promising candidates as diagnostic biomarkers. Given the prevalence of degenerative diseases, growing attention is drawn to develop pragmatic and accessible protein aggregate species detection technology. However, the performance of current detection methods is far from satisfying the requirements of extensive clinical use. In this review, we focus on the design strategies, merits, and potential shortcomings of each class of detection methods. The review is organized into three major parts: native protein sensing, seed amplification, and intricate program, which embody three different but interconnected methodologies. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has encompassed the entire workflow, from the molecular level to the apparatus organization. This review emphasizes the feasibility of the methods instead of theoretical detection limitations. We conclude that high selectivity does play a pivotal role, while signal compilation, multilateral profiling, and other patient‐oriented strategies (i.e. less invasiveness and assay speed) are also important.
Biomass‐derived washable composites for accelerating the healing of infected wounds
Authors: Jiao Fuhang , Zhao Wei , Zhao Wenbo , Wang Yong , Deng Yuan , Chang Shulong , Sun Junlu , Lou Qing , Wang Lijun , Shan Chong‐Xin , Xiao Ying , Dong Lin
Published: October 2023

Advanced sustainable biomedical materials are urgently needed for clinical applications; however, developing biomedical materials with exceptional mechanical and bactericidal properties as well as removable functionalities to reduce unintended secondary injury remains a challenge. Here, we report a biomass‐derived composite consisting of water‐soluble fish gelatin (FG) and antibacterial ZnO@silk fibroin (ZSF) microspheres for potential application as the wound dressing. The ZSF microspheres are embedded in a FG matrix to realize the stretchable, antibacterial, and removable ZSF/FG composites. By introducing glycerin as the plasticizer, ZSF/FG composites deliver a tensile strength of 4.5 MPa and stretchability of 550%. Acting as both the germicide and hydrophile components, ZSF microspheres endow the composites with excellent antibacterial capacity and water solubility. To prevent secondary injury, the ZSF/FG composites can be easily removed from the wounds by simply exposing them to excess water. Additionally, the ZSF/FG composites exhibit favorable biocompatibility and sustain high cell viability of over 100%. The full‐thickness skin wound model on infected mice demonstrated an efficient rate of wound closure and a reduced inflammatory response. The ZSF/FG composite shows promise to hasten the healing of infected wounds and is expected a promising candidate as wound dressing for clinical therapy.
L‐F001, a multifunctional fasudil–lipoic acid dimer, antagonizes hypoxic–ischemic brain damage by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Ruiyu , Wu Liqiang , Jin Ni , Sha Sha , Ouyang Ying
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a serious inflammatory injury. At present, the standard treatment for this disease is hypothermia therapy, and the effect of drug intervention is still limited. L‐F001 is a compound of fasudil and lipoic acid. Previous in vitro experiments have confirmed that L‐F001 has anti‐inflammatory neuroprotective functions. However, its therapeutic effect on neonates with HIBD remains unknown. This study was aimed at exploring the therapeutic effect of L‐F001 on HIBD rats.

Methods

The newborn rats were divided into three groups: Sham operation group, HIBD group, and HIBD + L‐F001 group. HE staining, Nissil staining, the immunofluorescence of iNOS and COX‐2, ELISA (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐10), and western blotting analyses were performed to determine the therapeutic effect of L‐F001. Finally, we evaluated the growth and development of each group by measuring body weight.

Results

The hippocampal structure of HIBD rats was disordered, and the Nissil body was small and shallow. The expressions of iNOS and COX‐2 in HIBD rats were increased, whereas the expressions of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in plasma were upregulated, and the expression of IL‐10 was decreased. L‐F001 could improve the tissue structure and reduce the expression of iNOS and COX‐2 in HIBD rats. Meanwhile, L‐F001 could also reduce the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and restore the content of anti‐inflammatory cytokines in plasma. We further found that the TLR4 pathway was activated after hypoxic‐ischemia in neonatal rats. L‐F001 could inhibit the activation of TLR4 pathway. Finally, we found that after L‐F001 treatment, the body weight of HIBD rats increased significantly compared with the untreated group.

Conclusions

L‐F001 antagonizes the inflammatory response after hypoxic‐ischemia by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway, thus playing a neuroprotective role. L‐F001 may be a potential therapeutic agent for neonatal HIBD.
A flower‐like VO2(B)/V2CTx heterojunction as high kinetic rechargeable anode for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Jin Xiaoyu , Huang Yongxin , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Ziheng , Meng Qianqian , Song Zhihang , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: October 2023

VO2(B) is considered as a promising anode material for the next‐generation sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its accessible raw materials and considerable theoretical capacity. However, the VO2(B) electrode has inherent defects such as low conductivity and serious volume expansion, which hinder their practical application. Herein, a flower‐like VO2(B)/V2CTx (VO@VC) heterojunction was prepared by a simple hydrothermal synthesis method with in situ growth. The flower‐like structure composed of thin nanosheets alleviates the volume expansion, as well as the rapid Na+ transport pathways are built by the heterojunction structure, resulting in long‐term cycling stability and superior rate performance. At a current density of 100 mA g−1, VO@VC anode can maintain a specific capacity of 276 mAh g−1 with an average coulombic efficiency of 98.7% after 100 cycles. Additionally, even at a current density of 2 A g−1, the VO@VC anode still exhibited a capacity of 132.9 mAh g−1 for 1000 cycles. The enhanced reaction kinetics can be attributed to the fast Na+ adsorption and storage at interfaces, which has been confirmed by the experimental and theoretical methods. These results demonstrate that the tailored nanoarchitecture design and additional surface engineering are effective strategies for optimizing vanadium‐based anode.
Lithium‐based batteries, history, current status, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Wulandari Triana , Fawcett Derek , Majumder Subhasish B. , Poinern Gerrard E. J.
Published: October 2023

Currently, the main drivers for developing Li‐ion batteries for efficient energy applications include energy density, cost, calendar life, and safety. The high energy/capacity anodes and cathodes needed for these applications are hindered by challenges like: (1) aging and degradation; (2) improved safety; (3) material costs, and (4) recyclability. The present review begins by summarising the progress made from early Li‐metal anode‐based batteries to current commercial Li‐ion batteries. Then discusses the recent progress made in studying and developing various types of novel materials for both anode and cathode electrodes, as well the various types of electrolytes and separator materials developed specifically for Li‐ion battery operation. Battery management, handling, and safety are also discussed at length. Also, as a consequence of the exponential growth in the production of Li‐ion batteries over the last 10 years, the review identifies the challenge of dealing with the ever‐increasing quantities of spent batteries. The review further identifies the economic value of metals like Co and Ni contained within the batteries and the extremely large numbers of batteries produced to date and the extremely large volumes that are expected to be manufactured in the next 10 years. Thus, highlighting the need to develop effective recycling strategies to reduce the levels of mining for raw materials and prevention of harmful products from entering the environment through landfill disposal.
Mechanochemical coupling of MGF mediates periodontal regeneration
Authors: Zhao Ying , Zhang Songbai , Cheng Bo , Feng Fan , Zhu Yue , Liu Yanli , Wang Junjun , Zou Dehui , Ma Heng , Xu Feng , Zhang Min
Published: October 2023

Clinical evidence shows that the mechanical stimulation obtained from occlusion could enhance periodontal ligament (PDL) remodeling. Mechano‐growth factor (MGF) is a growth factor produced specifically following mechanical stimulus Here, we aim to investigate the mechanical enhancement potential and mechanism of the MGF in PDL regeneration. In vivo study found that MGF produced from the PDL under occlusion force could strongly enhance PDL remodeling. In vitro experiments and mathematical modeling further confirmed the mechanical enhancement effect of MGF for PDLSC differentiation toward fibroblasts. A mechanochemical coupling effect of MGF mediated the enhancement of mechanical effect, which was modulated by Fyn‐FAK kinases signaling and subsequent MAPK pathway. Finally, enhanced PDL regeneration under the mechanochemical coupling of MGF and occlusal force was verified in vivo. There exists an additive mechanical effect of MGF mediated by Fyn‐FAK crosstalk and subsequent ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation, which could be developed as an MGF‐centered adjuvant treatment to optimize PDL remodeling, especially for patients with weakened bite force or destroyed periodontium.
Primary T‐cell‐based delivery platform for in vivo synthesis of engineered proteins
Authors: Radhakrishnan Harikrishnan , Newmyer Sherri L. , Ssemadaali Marvin A. , Javitz Harold S. , Bhatnagar Parijat
Published: October 2023

Primary T cell has been transformed into a cell‐based delivery platform that synthesizes complex biologics at the disease site with spatiotemporal resolution. This broadly applicable technology can circumvent toxicities due to systemic administration of biologics that necessitates the use of high doses and may diffuse to the healthy tissues. Its clinical translation, however, has been impeded by manufacturing bottlenecks. In this work, a range of process parameters were investigated for increasing the production yield of the primary T cells engineered for delivery function. Compared to the common spinoculation‐based method, the transduction yield was enhanced ~2.5‐fold by restricting the transduction reaction volume for maximizing the lentivector‐to‐T‐cell contact. Cell density and cytokines used in the expansion process were adjusted to achieve >100‐fold expansion of the T‐cell‐based delivery platform in 14 days, and the function of these cells was validated in vivo using intraperitoneally implanted tumor cells. The primary T‐cell‐based delivery platform has human applications because it can be scaled and administrated to express a broad range of therapeutic proteins (e.g., cytokines, interferons, enzymes, agonists, and antagonists) at the disease site, obviating the need for systemic delivery of large doses of these proteins.
Getting away from death fear: How disease threat drives consumers' colorfulness seeking
Authors: Yi Yanxi , Luo Zhiwei , Wang Wangshuai , Li Jie , Han Bing
Published: October 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic had significant effects on the health and wellbeing of people worldwide. However, in the post‐epidemic era, we still know very little about how disease threat shapes consumer psychology and behavior. To fill this gap in knowledge, the present study explores the effect of disease threat on a particular sensory preference of consumers, that is, a preference for colorfulness. Based on compensatory consumption theory, we propose the following: (1) consumers prefer colorful products and brand logos to compensate for both disease threat and chronically perceived disease threat; (2) the underlying mechanism for this effect is death‐related thoughts, in that disease threat leads to more death‐related thoughts, which in turn enhance colorfulness seeking; (3) the impact of disease threat on consumers' colorfulness seeking diminishes among high sensation seekers. A set of four studies, adopting both lab and survey methods, using various manipulations and measures, and testing diverse samples, provide convergent evidence for these hypotheses. Moreover, six alternative explanations were ruled out to further elucidate the psychological process under examination in this study. This paper contributes to the literature on consumer behavior, sensory marketing, terror management theory, and compensatory consumption. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Biological Properties of Cyclitols and Their Derivatives
Authors: Şimşek Kuş Nermin
Published: October 2023

Cyclitols are polyhydroxy cycloalkanes, each containing at least three hydroxyls attached to a different ring carbon atom. The most important cyclitol derivatives are inositols, quercitols, conduritols and pinitols, which form a group of naturally occurring polyhydric alcohols and are widely found in plants. In addition, synthetic production of cyclitols has gained importance in recent years. Cylitols are molecules synthesized in plants as a precaution against salt or water stress. They have important functions in cell functioning as they exhibit important properties such as membrane biogenesis, ion channel physiology, signal transduction, osmoregulation, phosphate storage, cell wall formation and antioxidant activity. The biological activities of these very important molecules, obtained both synthetically and from the extraction of plants, are described in this review.
Transition from secukinumab to adalimumab in COVID‐19‐induced psoriasis flare‐up treatment: A case report
Authors: Chen Yuting , Qiu Yangyang , Chen Meiqing , Huang Ling , Lin Xinyu , Qiu Xiaoyan , Wei Yi , Gao Lujuan
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is known to trigger systemic inflammation and elicit immune responses, which may disrupt the delicate balance of cytokines involved in psoriatic regulation. Compared to other therapies in dermatology, biologics used for immune‐mediated dermatological diseases have been more extensively studied during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Herein, we report a case of flare‐up of previously well‐controlled psoriasis shortly after infection with COVID‐19, with treatment transition from secukinumab to adalimumab.
Development of robust chiroptical systems through spirobifluorenes
Authors: Portela‐Pino Julia , Talavera María , Chiussi Stefano , Bolaño Sandra , Peña‐Gallego Ángeles , Alonso‐Gómez J. Lorenzo
Published: October 2023

Chiroptical responses are valuable for the structural determination of dissymmetric molecules. However, the development of everyday applications based on chiroptical systems is yet to come. We have been earlier using axially chiral allenes for the construction of linear, cyclic, and cage‐shaped molecules that present remarkable chiroptical responses. Additionally, we have developed chiral surfaces through upstanding chiral architectures. Since the goal is to obtain robust chiroptical materials, more recently we have been studying spirobifluorenes (SBFs), a well‐established building block in optoelectronic applications. After theoretical and experimental demonstration, the suitability of chiral SBFs for the development of robust chiroptical systems was certified by the construction all‐carbon double helices, flexible shape‐persistent macrocycles, chiral frameworks for surface functionalization, and structures featuring helical or spiroconjugated molecular orbitals. Here, we give an overview of our contribution to these matters.
Clinical outcomes of combined catheter ablation and left atrial appendage closure in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Fei Xiaohong , Wang Binhao , Chu Huimin , Fu Guohua , Yu Yibo , Feng Mingjun , Du Xianfeng , Liu Jing
Published: October 2023

Background

Catheter ablation (CA) combined with left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as a promising method to relieve symptoms while reducing the incidence of stroke in selected high‐risk patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Hypothesis

We aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of combined CA and LAAC in elderly patients.

Methods

A total of 316 patients with symptomatic drug‐refractory AF who underwent combined CA and LAAC between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively included. Baseline characteristics, periprocedural complications, and clinical events during follow‐up were recorded and compared between patients aged ≥ 75 years (n = 66) and <75 years (n = 250).

Results

Pulmonary vein isolation and satisfactory LAAC were achieved in all patients. No patients experienced death or stroke/transient ischemic stroke periprocedurally. After a median follow‐up of 12.2 (6.7−24.4) months and 11.9 (5.5−23.6) months, the rate of sinus rhythm maintenance was comparable between the two groups (≥75 years: 78.8% vs. <75 years: 80.8%; log‐rank test, p = 0.674). The median follow‐up periods for clinical outcomes were 27.9 (9.3−44.8) months and 25.2 (10.8−45.7) months, respectively. In patients aged ≥ 75 years, one suffered ischemic stroke, and one experienced major bleeding event. In patients aged < 75 years, four had ischemic stroke, and eight had major bleeding events. Two patients aged < 75 years died during follow‐up, while none of the patients aged ≥ 75 years died.

Conclusions

Combining CA and LAAC was feasible, safe and effective in elderly patients with AF.
An improved brain storm optimization with chunking‐grouping method
Authors: Guo Jinglei , Gao Chen , Jiang Shouyong , Xie Wei , Wu Zhijian
Published: October 2023

Brain storm optimization (BSO) is a population‐based intelligence algorithm for optimization problems, which has attracted researchers' growing attention due to its simplicity and efficiency. An improved BSO, called CIBSO, is presented in this article. First of all, a new grouping method, in which the population is partitioned into chunks according to the fitness and recombined to groups, is developed to balance each group with same quality‐level. Afterwards, a new mutation strategy is designed in CIBSO and a learning mechanism is used to adaptively select appropriate strategy. Experiments on the CEC2014 test suite indicate that CIBSO is better or at least competitive performance against the compared BSO variants.
Oral healthcare providers play a vital role in vaccination efforts: Patient perspectives
Authors: Steinbaum Sara , Jagannath Julia , Seymour Lake , Corby Patricia , Kulkarni Roopali , France Katherine
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with 70% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is the infectious cause of a global pandemic that killed millions worldwide. Effective vaccinations exist against both diseases, but patient acceptance remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to assess patients' attitudes toward oral healthcare providers' (OHCPs) roles in HPV and COVID‐19 vaccinations.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of young adult patients was distributed in Philadelphia, PA, between April and June 2021. The survey assessed knowledge and attitudes around OHCPs serving various roles in COVID‐19 and HPV vaccination.

Results

Nearly 70% of 163 respondents would accept the recommendation for a COVID‐19 vaccine from an OHCP, while 56% would for HPV. Those previously vaccinated against COVID‐19 were more comfortable discussing COVID‐19 vaccines (92%, p < .001) or HPV vaccines (76%, p < .001) with OHCPs compared to those who were unvaccinated against COVID‐19. African American/Black patients were less comfortable discussing vaccines, irrespective of vaccination status.

Conclusions

OHCP can play a vital role in increasing the overall COVID‐19 and HPV vaccination status of the public, as demonstrated by the high acceptance of dental involvement in both vaccine campaigns. Racial disparity in vaccination attitude is a public health challenge that needs to be addressed.
Socially responsible portfolios,environmental, social, corporate governance (ESG)efficient frontiers, and psychic dividends
Authors: Useche Alejandro J. , Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer , Alayón‐Gonzales José Luis
Published: October 2023

The aim of this article is to evaluate the performance of investment portfolios built under environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) criteria or socially responsible portfolios, based on companies listed on three representative stock exchanges in Latin America (Chile, Colombia, and Peru) for the period 2011–2019. The performance of portfolios comprising high‐ESG stocks was compared with that of low‐ESG performance portfolios and with portfolios of companies that did not report such information, as well as against the main index of each market. A novel utility function was defined that allows evaluating different degrees of propensity to responsible investment, based on which restricted optimization processes were conducted to build efficient frontiers that combine traditional mean–variance aspects with ESG elements. Based on these frontiers, a measure of the psychic dividend or ESG utility premium generated by investing in high‐ESG portfolios is proposed. Results obtained in risk and return rates and Jensen, Treynor, alpha, VaR, tracking error, information coefficient, efficient frontiers, and utility premium show the value of following responsible investment criteria and the clear disadvantages in investing in companies that do not report ESG information. This research contributes to the debate on the importance of socially responsible investment guided by ESG criteria, filling a gap in the literature regarding Latin America and confirming the better performance by calculating a wide range of portfolio evaluation indicators. We proposed a novel approach to optimization with sustainability constraints, incorporating the utility premium derived from investing in stocks with better ESG performance.
Advance of microfluidic flow cytometry enabling high‐throughput characterization of single‐cell electrical and structural properties
Authors: Huang Xukun , Chen Xiao , Tan Huiwen , Wang Minruihong , Li Yimin , Wei Yuanchen , Zhang Jie , Chen Deyong , Wang Junbo , Li Yueying , Chen Jian
Published: October 2023

This paper reported a micro flow cytometer capable of high‐throughput characterization of single‐cell electrical and structural features based on constrictional microchannels and deep neural networks. When single cells traveled through microchannels with constricted cross‐sectional areas, they effectively blocked concentrated electric field lines, producing large impedance variations. Meanwhile, the traveling cells were confined within the cross‐sectional areas of the constrictional microchannels, enabling the capture of high‐quality images without losing focuses. Then single‐cell features from impedance profiles and optical images were extracted from customized recurrent and convolution networks (RNN and CNN), which were further fused for cell‐type classification based on support vector machines (SVM). As a demonstration, two leukemia cell lines (e.g., HL60 vs. Jurkat) were analyzed, producing high‐classification accuracies of 99.3% based on electrical features extracted from Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) of RNN, 96.7% based on structural features extracted from Resnet18 of CNN and 100.0% based on combined features enabled by SVM. The microfluidic flow cytometry developed in this study may provide a new perspective for the field of single‐cell analysis.
Fulminant type 1 diabetes: Focusing on triggering factors
Authors: Qiu Junlin , Yin Wenfeng , Wang Rui , Luo Shuoming , Zhou Zhiguang
Published: October 2023

Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a novel type of type 1 diabetes that is caused by extremely rapid destruction of the pancreatic β cells. Early diagnosis or prediction of FT1D is critical for the prevention or timely treatment of diabetes ketoacidosis, which can be life‐threatening. Understanding its triggers or promoting factors plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of FT1D. In this review, we summarised the various triggering factors of FT1D, including susceptibility genes, immunological factors (cellular and humoural immunity), immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome, pregnancy, viral infections, and vaccine inoculation. This review provides the basis for future research into the pathogenetic mechanisms that regulate FT1D development and progression to further improve the prognosis and clinical management of patients with FT1D.
Factors influencing the duration of untreated illness among patients with anorexia nervosa: A multicenter and multi‐informant study
Authors: Gumz Antje , Reuter Laurence , Löwe Bernd , Voderholzer Ulrich , Schwennen Bianca , Fehrs Helge , Wünsch‐Leiteritz Wally , Brunner Romuald , Kästner Denise , Zapf Antonia , Weigel Angelika
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The duration of untreated illness (DUI), that is, the interval between the onset of anorexia nervosa (AN) symptoms and start of specialized treatments, has a strong influence on the prognosis.

Objective

To quantify modifiable predictors of the DUI and to derive recommendations for secondary prevention strategies.

Methods

Within a multicenter, multi‐informant study, DUI was assessed in interviews with patients undergoing first specialized AN treatment. Modifiable factors were assessed perspectives of AN‐patients, their relatives, and primary care practitioners [PCPs]) with the FABIANA‐checklist (Facilitators and barriers in anorexia nervosa treatment initiation). The effect of FABIANA‐items on the DUI for each perspective was calculated using Cox Regression (control variables: age, eating disorder pathology, health care status, migration background, body mass index [BMI]).

Results

We included data from N = 125 female patients with AN (72 adults, 53 adolescents, Mage = 19.2 years, SD = 4.2, MBMI = 15.7 kg/m2, SD = 1.9), N = 89 relatives (81.8% female, 18.2% male, Mage = 46.0 years, SD = 11.0) and N = 40 PCPs (Mage = 49.7 years, SD = 9.0). Average DUI was 12.0 months. Watching or reading articles about the successful treatment of other individuals with AN (patients' perspective) and regular appointments with a PCP (PCPs' perspective) were related to a shorter DUI (HR = 0.145, p = .046/ HR = 0.395, p = .018). Patients whose relatives rated that PCPs trivialized patients' difficulties had a longer DUI (HR = −0.147, p = .037). PCPs and relatives rated PCPs' competence higher than patients did.

Discussion

It is recommended (a) to incorporate treatment success stories in prevention strategies, (b) to inform PCPs about potential benefits of regular appointments during the transition to specialized care, and (c) to train PCPs in dealing with patients' complaints.

Public Significance

Many individuals with AN seek treatment very late. Our study shows that a promising approach to facilitate earlier AN treatment is to inform patients about successful treatments of affected peers, to foster regular appointments with a PCP and, to motivate these PCPs to take individuals' with AN difficulties seriously. Thus, our study provides important suggestions for interventions that aim to improve early treatment in AN.
Takotsubo syndrome before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Austria: a retrospective cohort study (TOSCA‐19)
Authors: Pogran Edita , Zweiker David , Gargiulo Laura , El‐Razek Ahmed Abd , Lechner Ivan , Vosko Ivan , Rechberger Stefan , Bugger Heiko , Christ Günter , Bonderman Diana , Kunschitz Evelyn , Zirlik Andreas , Bauer Axel , Metzler Bernhard , Lambert Thomas , Steinwender Clemens , Huber Kurt
Published: October 2023

Aims

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) as a percentage of the total number of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including non‐STE‐elevation myocardial infarction and ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, as well as the short‐term outcome of TTS patients before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods and results

We compared patients from two different periods: (i) Period 1 (before the COVID‐19 pandemic): 1 March to 30 December 2019, and (ii) Period 2 (during the COVID‐19 pandemic): 1 March to 30 December 2020. The retrospective database was created from the archives of the participating hospitals or electronic hospital systems by trained medical personnel. The subjects' medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, laboratory values, echocardiography findings, and an in‐hospital outcome were variables of interest. Furthermore, propensity score matching analysis was performed to evaluate the short‐term prognosis in TTS and ACS patients. Altogether six Austrian centres—(i) 3rd Medical Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring, Vienna, Austria; (ii) 5th Medical Department of Cardiology, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria; (iii) 2nd Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria; (iv) University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; (v) Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria; (vi) Department of Cardiology and Intensive Medicine, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria—participated in the study. During period 1, 87 (3.5%) patients out of 2482 ACS patients had TTS in all participating centres. During period 2, 71 (2.7%) patients out of 2572 ACS patients had TTS in all participating centres. Accordingly, the prevalence of TTS remained stable irrespective of potential psychologic stress during the COVID pandemic. Furthermore, the baseline characteristics of TTS patients did not change during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The prevalence of in‐hospital complications [cardiogenic shock (4.6% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.925), ventricle thrombus (1.1% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.885) and in‐hospital bleeding (3.4% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.417)] remained stable. The all‐cause in‐hospital mortality of TTS patients did not change during the COVID‐19 pandemic [χ2(2) = 0.058, P = 0.810]. Moreover, a propensity score matching analysis of all‐cause in‐hospital mortality between matched TTS and ACS patients showed higher in‐hospital mortality in ACS patients during COVID‐19 pandemic (P = 0.043).

Conclusions

Despite the well‐known increased psychologic stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the prevalence of TTS during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the short‐term clinical outcome in Austria remained unimpacted.
Prognostic significance of medical therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Kocabaş Umut , Ergin Isil , Kıvrak Tarık , Yılmaz Öztekin Gülsüm Meral , Tanık Veysel Ozan , Özdemir İbrahim , Avcı Demir Fulya , Doğduş Mustafa , Şen Taner , Altınsoy Meltem , Üstündağ Songül , Urgun Örsan Deniz , Sinan Ümit Yaşar , Uygur Begüm , Yeni Mehtap , Özçalık Emre
Published: October 2023

Aims

The use of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) among patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains suboptimal. The SMYRNA study aims to identify the clinical factors for the non‐use of GDMT and to determine the prognostic significance of GDMT in patients with HFrEF in a real‐life setting.

Methods and results

The SMYRNA study is a prospective, multicentre, and observational study that included outpatients with HFrEF. Patients were divided into three groups according to the status of GDMT at the time of enrolment: (i) patients receiving all classes of HF medications including renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, beta‐blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs); (ii) patients receiving any two classes of HF medications (RAS inhibitors and beta‐blockers, or RAS inhibitors and MRAs, or beta‐blockers and MRAs); and (iii) either patients receiving class of HF medications (only one therapy) or patients not receiving any class of HF medications. The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death. The study population consisted of 1062 patients with HFrEF, predominantly men (69.1%), with a median age of 68 (range: 20–96) years. RAS inhibitors, beta‐blockers, and MRAs were prescribed in 76.0%, 89.4%, and 55.1% of the patients, respectively. The proportions of patients receiving target doses of guideline‐directed medications were 24.4% for RAS inhibitors, 11.0% for beta‐blockers, and 11.1% for MRAs. Overall, 491 patients (46.2%) were treated with triple therapy, 353 patients (33.2%) were treated with any two classes of HF medications, and 218 patients (20.6%) were receiving only one class of HF medication or not receiving any HF medication. Patient‐related factors comprising older age, New York Heart Association functional class, rural living, presence of hypertension, and history of myocardial infarction were independently associated with the use or non‐use of GDMT. During the median 24‐month period, the primary composite endpoint occurred in 362 patients (34.1%), and 177 of 1062 (16.7%) patients died. Patients treated with two or three classes of HF medications had a decreased risk of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death compared with those patients receiving ≤1 class of HF medication [hazard ratio (HR): 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49–0.85; P = 0.002, and HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47–0.79; P < 0.001, respectively].

Conclusions

The real‐life SMYRNA study provided comprehensive data about the clinical factors associated with the non‐use of GDMT and showed that suboptimal GDMT is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death in patients with HFrEF.
Outcomes at one year in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy: Findings from the ESC EORP PPCM Registry
Authors: Jackson Alice M. , Bauersachs Johann , Petrie Mark C. , van der Meer Peter , Laroche Cecile , Farhan Hasan Ali , Frogoudaki Alexandra , Ibrahim Bassem , Fouad Doaa A. , Damasceno Albertino , Karaye Kamilu , Goland Sorel , Maggioni Aldo P. , Briton Olivia , Sliwa Karen ,   on behalf of the EURObservational Research Programme in conjunction with the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Committee on Peripartum Cardiomyopathies
Published: October 2023

Aims

There are few prospective reports of 1‐year outcomes for women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). We report findings from the European Society of Cardiology EURObservational Research Programme PPCM Registry.

Methods and results

The registry enrolled women from 51 countries from 2012 to 2018. Eligibility included: (i) a peripartum state, (ii) signs or symptoms of heart failure, (iii) left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction ≤45%, (iv) exclusion of alternative causes of heart failure. We report mortality, thromboembolism, stroke, rehospitalization, LV recovery and remodelling at 1 year. Differences between regions were compared. One‐year mortality data were available in 535 (71%) women and follow‐up differed across regions. At 1 year, death from any cause occurred in 8.4% of women, with regional variation (Europe 4.9%, Africa 6.5%, Asia‐Pacific 9.2%, Middle East 18.9%; p < 0.001). The frequencies of thromboembolism and stroke were 6.3% and 2.5%, respectively, and were similar across regions. A total of 14.0% of women had at least one rehospitalization and 3.5% had recurrent rehospitalizations (i.e. two or more). Overall, 66.1% of women had recovery of LV function (22% between 6 months and 1 year), with a mean LV ejection fraction increase from baseline of 21.2% (±13.6). Recovery occurred most frequently in Asia‐Pacific (77.5%) and least frequently in the Middle East (32.7%). There were significant regional differences in the use of heart failure pharmacotherapies.

Conclusions

Approximately 1 in 12 women with PPCM had died by 1 year and thromboembolism and stroke occurred in 6.3% and 2.5%, respectively. Around 1 in 7 women had been rehospitalized and, in 1 in 3, LV recovery had not occurred. PPCM is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity globally.
Phosphinine vs Pyridine in Luminescent CuI Complexes and Application in Lifetime‐Based Molecular Thermometer
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Yaqi , Liu Shihua , Lin Jieli , Fan Ya‐Nan , Li Zhongshu
Published: October 2023

Luminescent CuI complexes have attracted significant interest due to their adjustable emission properties, diverse structures, and reasonable cost. In this work, two class of complexes, namely phosphinine and pyridine ligated CuI complexes that differ by only one atom, were synthesized and characterized. Photophysical analysis and theoretical studies reveal an emissive phosphinine‐localized triplet states for CuI phosphinine complexes, and a temperature‐dependent interplay between metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) singlet and triplet states for CuI pyridine complexes. In general, the CuI phosphinine complexes exhibit a longer lifetime and greater temperature‐dependent lifetime changes than the pyridine complexes. A molecular thermometer incorporating CuI phosphinine complexes 2 c as indicator was fabricated. This thermometer exhibits a rare linear correlation between temperature and lifetime ranging from 77–297 K with a high sensitivity of −13.5 μs K−1.