bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Faculty of Education Students' Self-Efficiency Beliefs for Museum Education
Authors: Mollaoğlu Songül
Published: December 2022

Museum education is a field that requires teachers to work with faith in school-museum cooperation. The aim of this study is to examine the self-efficacy beliefs of the students of the Faculty of Education of a university regarding museum education. 692 students studying at the Faculty of Education of a university participated in this study, which was carried out with the scanning model. The data of the research were obtained with the Student Identification Form (SIF) and the Self-Efficacy Belief Scale for Museum Education (SEBSFME). The average age of the students is 21.15 (SD: 1.801), 76% of them are women, most of them (69.7%) live in the city. 29% are in the 1st grade, 25.7% are in the 4th grade. 26.4% of the students are in Turkish Language Teaching, 21.2% in Social Studies Teaching and 15.9% in Art-Music Teaching. The mean score of SEBSFME is 80.86 (SD: 18.06). There was no significant difference between the SEBSFME mean score and variables such as age, gender, and place of residence. The difference between the students' grade level, department, visiting the museum and taking courses related to the museum was statistically significant. (p<0.05). Self-efficacy belief towards museum education was found above the average scores of the Faculty of Education students. It is important for the students of the faculty of education, who are the teachers of the future, to develop their self-efficacy beliefs by being supported by museum education, which provides the development of important educational features such as questioning, research and examination.
The Impact of Cognitive Competence on Critical Thinking Skills: An Educational Science Study with School Counsellors
Authors: Baş Muhammet , Bolat Yavuz
Published: December 2022

Critical thinking is an important skill type. It has become a growing focus of attention. Based on the growing interest in critical thinking skills, this research examines the relationship of critical thinking with cognitive competence. Data on sub-questions were collected taking into account the main purpose of the research. This study, which is an educational science study, examines the correlational relationship. In this context, 323 school counsellors participated in the research. The data collected using the data tools used in the research (CC and CT) was examined and the results were reached. Research results show that cognitive competence is an important variable in terms of critical thinking ability. It has been concluded that cognitive competence is an important variable for the ability to think critically. The participants had no significant effect on critical thinking and cognitive competence of gender variables with the classroom. Taking into account this result, recommendations have been developed for the more efficient use of cognitive competence in critical thinking.
Examining the Effect of Using Mobile Technologies in Chemistry Laboratory on Self-Directed Learning Readiness: An Action Research
Authors: Seyhan Hatice Güngör
Published: December 2022

The aim of the present research is to determine the current situation in the readiness levels of 11th grade high school students for self-directed learning, to examine the effectiveness of laboratory activities developed with with mobile technology integrated into the 5E learning model in various chemistry subjects on students’ self-directed learning levels, and to contribute to improving the quality of teaching by taking student opinions about the activities developed at the end of the study. The research was designed as action research from qualitative research designs. The related laboratory activities developed within the scope of the research were carried out with thirty-three 11th grade students. The Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS) was used to determine the readiness levels of high school students for self-directed learning and a semi-structured interview form was used to determine the students’ views on the activities. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by content analysis. During the applications, students performed the activities with mobile technology in a much shorter time compared to the classical laboratory activities and they had the opportunity for self-directed learning thanks to the mobile technology support they used in the applications. In the study, it was observed that students improved their ability to display the data obtained from the necessary calculations in various chemistry subjects, especially at the end of the activities, in the form of graphs without the help of a teacher.
Analysis of Music Teachers' Attitudes Toward Music Software
Authors: Demirtaş Erkan
Published: December 2022

Technological innovations cause significant changes in educational environments as in all areas of life. Thanks to software, the locomotive of digitalization, innovations are experienced in many branches, from teaching materials to the teaching environment. Software products have influenced every stage of music, from production to distribution. This study aims to determine the level of music teachers' attitudes toward music software, which is one of the most important reflections of technological advances in music. The survey design was used as the research method. Attitude Scale towards Music Software was used as a data collection tool. The online scale was sent to 416 music teachers in the Ankara-Çankaya region in the 2021-2022 academic year. According to the research findings, music teachers' attitudes toward music software are reasonable. While teachers' attitudes towards music software show a significant difference according to their gender, professional seniority, and the type of school they work in, there is no significant difference according to their undergraduate program.
The Impact of the Cognitive Conflict Approach on the Elimination of the Misconception in Square Root Numbers
Authors: Güveli Hasan , Baki Adnan , Güveli Ebru
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the cognitive conflict approach on the elimination of misconceptions in square root numbers. For this purpose, this study was conducted with 8th-grade students of a secondary school in a region of Turkey. A three tiered diagnostic test was used to determine the impact of the 5-step cognitive conflict approach in the study. This test was used as a pre-test before applications and the same test was used as a post-test after applications in the same class. The test results of the students were divided into 4 groups called "misconception", "lack of knowledge", "lack of confidence", "scientific knowledge", and these groups were also divided into categories (A, B, ...). 5-step cognitive conflict approach made some transformations between categories. The greatest transformation was the transformation of misconceptions into scientific knowledge. However, it was seen that some misconceptions (B category) continued after the applications. In light of these findings, it is suggested that teachers pay attention to the mathematical language and mathematical representations they use during instruction. Moreover, the topic of root numbers should definitely be explained using the Pythagorean Theorem, and the guidebooks should be revised accordingly.
Polarising Plates: Both Omnivores and Vegans Represent In-Group Foods with Eating Simulations
Authors: Davis Tess , Harkins Libby , Papies Esther K.
Published: December 2022

In two pre-registered experiments, we assessed how people cognitively represent meat and plant-based foods, to examine processes underlying dietary polarisation in society. Food descriptions from UK-based omnivores (NExp. 1 = 109; NExp. 2 = 436) and vegans (NExp. 1 = 111; NExp. 2 = 407) were coded for features about consumption and reward (e.g. ‘rich’, ‘indulgent’, ‘treat’), or features independent of the consumption situation (e.g. ‘healthy’, ‘protein’, ‘eco-friendly’). Participants used more consumption and reward features for diet-congruent dishes (meat dishes for omnivores; plant-based dishes for vegans) than for diet-incongruent dishes (vice versa). Omnivores focused on abstract, long-term consequences of plant-based foods, whereas vegans focused on the socio-political associations with meat foods. Consumption and reward features also positively predicted attractiveness ratings, the likelihood of ordering a dish, and eating intentions. These findings indicate the cognitive processes of polarised dietary groups that may hinder the mainstream transition to more sustainable food choices.
Addressing the Works of World Literature with Radio Play Application
Authors: Eskimen Ayşe Derya
Published: December 2022

In the study, within the scope of World Literature course, radio play adaptations of works from French and Russian literatures were vocalized by pre-service teachers and tried to be presented in radio play format. In this regard, the aim of the research is to address the attitudes of pre-service teachers who experience preparing radio plays towards collaborative studies and their perception of information communication technologies competence levels. In addition, the thoughts of pre-service teachers about whether they enjoy the work of preparing radio plays, vocalizing, getting to know the work closely, and getting to know the author closely were also discussed. It is thought that the research will contribute to getting to know the literary work, the author and the characteristics of the period in which it emerged through radio plays, learning by doing and experiencing, learning permanently and with pleasure, increasing motivation and contributing to speaking skills. Because in today's education and training environments, rather than transferring knowledge, students are expected to be involved in the education and training process in which they are active, access information in creative ways, construct knowledge, learn collaboratively and interactively. In the study, qualitative and quantitative data were collected and mixed method was used. The study group of the research consists of pre-service teachers taking the World Literature course. "Cooperative Learning Scale" and "Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Competence Perception Scale" were used as data collection tools. The findings obtained as a result of the research indicate that pre-service teachers' perceptions of collaborative studies for preparing radio plays are at a "high" level; their mean scores of ICT competence perception are at a "sufficient" level; there is no significant difference in their attitudes towards collaborative learning and their perceptions of competence in using ICT according to gender. Most of the pre-service teachers stated that it was their first time doing such an application. Regarding the qualitative findings, the students stated that they enjoyed the radio play very much, that this application contributed to them to get to know the work closely, that they had the opportunity to get to know the work more closely, and that they were curious about the other works and life of the author. More students stated that going beyond just knowing the work as a name and giving life to a character in the work ensured the permanence of the work and what was learned. They also stated that they learned about new applications related to technology through the radio play they experienced and that they saw their deficiencies related to technology.
The Model Research that Compares the Multiple Intelligence Theory Implementations with the Traditional Methods Implemented in the Music Lessons of 4th And 5th Grades in Primary Schools
Authors: Yeşilkaya Özge Çongur , Töreyin Meral
Published: December 2022

The main concern in this study is constituted by the possibility of implementing a music training model which has been developed on the basis of the Multiple Intelligence Theory in the music lessons of the 4th and 5th grades of primary schools. Core study group was formed by 150 fourth and fifth grades students from Ankara Teğmen Kalmaz Primary School and Mamak Primary School and as well as the music teachers working at these schools in 2005-2006 educational period, who were selected by means of a random method. The findings of the research are composed of the pre tests and post tests filled by the students and their teachers as well as the observation sheets used during lessons in which the data about the differences between the traditional method based lessons and the multiple intelligence based lessons have been analyzed by SPSS package program and frequency tables and graphics of the data has been designed, additionally a bilateral relations have been examined by using cross tables. As a result of the study, it has been concluded that the events that activate different intelligence fields are not implemented in the music lessons taught through traditional methods, the creativity of the students has not been improved by different assignments and projects, the teachers do not bring various music-related materials to the classroom and that they do not render the lessons enjoyable. Whereas, it has been understood that in the music lessons based on Multiple Intelligence Theory, the students in the period of concrete process comprehend the abstract concepts of the lesson more effectively by means of plays and different activities, their creativity demonstrates a progress, and that the theory constitute an aid for them in discovering their capabilities. When the model is considered through this aspect, it is clearly obvious that the theory is applicable to the musical training model, the teachers who are to apply the theory should undergo in-service training before the applications, that there might be certain defects during the application of the theory due to physical conditions of the state schools, and that therefore the music rooms and equipment in the state schools should be improved. In the light of these findings, it has been determined that the questionnaire and observation forms produced at the end of the studies could be implemented as an appropriate measure for a research that would be reflected on a general sense and could be practice by schools at various social and economic levels.
Investigation of Turkish Elementary School Students' Environmental Awareness
Authors: Gül Ayça Cirit , Özdemir Nevin
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to examine the environmental awareness of Turkish primary school students in the context of some demographic variables. The study was carried out with the general survey method. An online questionnaire was used as a data collection tool due to the Covid 19 pandemic conditions during the study. The first part of this survey form included demographic questions about gender, grade, household income, mother's graduation, and father's graduation. The second part included the 5-Likert type 21-item Elementary School Environment Awareness Scale (ESEAS). The original ESAS developed by Yıldız Yılmaz and Mentiş Taş (2017) consists of 31 items. As a result of a pilot study, it was decided to exclude 14 items from the original scale. The exploratory factor analysis result revealed that the scale showed a structure with five sub-dimensions (ecocentric, nature responsibility, anthropocentric, environmental knowledge, and hedonistic). Two hundred sixty primary school students at the 2nd and 4th-grade levels participated in the study. The present study's results, which examined elementary school students' environmental awareness levels, showed that the null hypothesis was accepted in most scores related to scale factors. These results show that the students who participated in the study tended to have information about the environment and the factors that threatened the environment, to be sensitive to nature, and to be ready to sacrifice to solve environmental problems. The analysis results show that the participants agreed with the statements in ecocentric, nature responsibility, ecological knowledge, and hedonistic sub-dimensions. At the same time, they disagreed with the views of the anthropocentric sub-dimension. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the groups in the context of some demographic variables.
Investigating the Relationship between University Students’ Cyberloafing Profiles and Life Goals according to Various Variables
Authors: Kabasakal Hatice Zekavet , Demir Kadir
Published: December 2022

Cyberloafing is a widely recognized concept associated with the Internet, which has a wide usage area today. Cyberloafing is extensively noticed, particularly among young people, and its association with a variety of variables is being researched. In this study, university students' life goals and cyberloafing profiles were analyzed on the basis of gender, age, class, grade point average, relationship status, faculty, foreign language knowledge, daily digital tool usage time, age of first using the internet, and digital devices used. The research's study group was comprised of university students from Izmir's public and private universities. 334 students posted data. The study excluded 31 participants who were found to have missing or incomplete data. The study group included 303 students. As data collection instruments, the cyberloafing scale, life goals scale, and personal information form were employed. According to the data, there is a positive and moderate association between students' levels of cyberloafing and their life goals. Cyberloafing varies according to criteria such as age, gender, faculty, and daily internet usage. Similarly, it was found that life goals changed depending on department, relationship status, and daily internet usage time.
Foreign Language Teachers' Attitudes and Motivation Towards Distance Learning
Authors: Çelik Birol , Demirbaş-Çelik Nur , Uzunboylu Hüseyin
Published: December 2022

Language is an important tool of communication, especially in a foreign setting. Foreign language teachers, help their students to access foreign experiences by reason of their ability to communicate with foreign nationals. Teachers’ motivation however influences foreign language education and its effectiveness. The aim of this study is to examine the predictive effect of foreign language teachers' motivations on their attitudes towards distance education. For this purpose, 356 foreign language teachers who teach in Turkey (240 females, 116 males) were reached. The ages of the teachers are in the range of 23-64 and the mean is 41.9 (SD =9.44). Personal Information Form, Attitude Scale Toward Distance Learning (ASTDL), and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) were applied to the participating teachers. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data in the study. Accordingly, extrinsic motivation predicts both positive and negative attitudes towards distance education. In addition, motivation predicts a positive attitude.
Science Communication as a Collective Intelligence Endeavour: A Manifesto and Examples for Implementation
Authors: Holford Dawn Liu , Fasce Angelo , Tapper Katy , Demko Miso , Lewandowsky Stephan , Hahn Ulrike , Abels Christoph M. , Al-Rawi Ahmed K. , Alladin Sameer Naseef Binnazir , Boender T. Sonia , Bruns Hendrik , Fischer Helen , Gilde Christian , Hanel Paul H. P. , Herzog Stefan Michael , Kause Astrid , Lehmann Sune , Nurse Matthew , Orr Caroline Amy , Pescetelli Niccolo , Petrescu Maria , Sah Sunita , Schmid Philipp , Sirota Miroslav , Wulf Marlene
Published: December 2022

Effective science communication is challenging when scientific messages are informed by a continually updating evidence base and must often compete against misinformation. We argue for the need for a new programme of science communication as collective intelligence—a collaborative approach, supported by technology. This would have four key advantages over the typical model where scientists communicate as individuals: scientific messages would be informed by (1) a wider base of aggregated knowledge, (2) contributions from a diverse scientific community, (3) participatory input from stakeholders, and (4) better responsiveness to ongoing changes in the state of knowledge.
Simulation-based learning in higher education and professional training: Approximations of practice through representational scaffolding
Authors: Bauer Elisabeth , Heitzmann Nicole , Fischer Frank
Published: December 2022

In this article, we reviewed the nine studies included in a special issue that addresses the assessment and evaluation of simulation-based learning in higher education and professional training. We discussed the results of each study, integrated them in terms of their individual and collective contributions to evaluating the effectiveness of simulation-based learning, and related the studies’ results to the presage, process, and product factors of simulation-based learning. We concluded that research on simulation-based learning can benefit from employing a variety of methodological approaches and venturing beyond its primary focus on cognitive processes and outcomes to analyze the different types of process indicators and learning outcomes. Moreover, we identified a promising direction for future research: the selection and adjustment of representations of practice included in simulations by means of representational scaffolding. By proceeding with increasingly detailed analyses of simulation-based learning, research can further advance our understanding of the relevant learning mechanisms.
Factors affecting consumer behaviour to use e-wallets: an empirical study from Vietnam context
Authors:   ndustrial University of Ho Chi Minh city, Nguyen Van Cong , Ao Thu Hoai ,   University of Finance - Marketing, Ho Chi Minh city
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of using e-wallets (BE) and the factors affecting the use BE belonging to Vietnamese consumers. Research data is collected by sending online questionnaires to consumers who have been using e-wallets in Vietnam - people between the ages of 18 and 50 years old based on the convenient non-probability sampling method. The authors combine both qualitative and quantitative methods in our research to build and develop the research model. To take advantage of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and technology acceptance model (TAM), this research uses a combination of TPB and TAM models (C-TAM-TPB) to analyse two factors of the technology adoption model (perceived usefulness - PU and perceived ease of use - PE), the unified theory of acceptance, use of technology factor (social influence - SI), and perceived risk (PR). The research results show that (1) three factors that positively affect e-wallet usage (ranked in descending order) are the PE, SI, and PU and (2) PR does not affect Vietnamese consumer BE. Although the investigation and research on consumer behaviour are quite popular in Vietnam and around the world, the investigation documents the BE and the factors that determine it is still rare in Vietnam. Therefore, this study contributes to investigating and measuring the BE and the factors affecting it in Vietnam. In addition, the combined approach of the C-TAM-TPB model to estimate the influencing factors is a method rarely used in previous studies on consumer behaviour.
Teachers’ awareness of happy schools with UNESCO items: a case study of a primary school in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors:   Hanoi National University of Education, Nguyen Nam-Phuong , Le Van-Thang ,   Hanoi National University of Education, Nguyen Huong-Giang ,   Hanoi National University of Education, Nguyen Thi Thanh-Hang ,   Quan Hoa Primary School, Hanoi
Published: December 2022

This article provides the practice of primary teachers’ awareness of happy schools through a survey questionnaire based on 22 items from the UNESCO criteria on happy schools. Their opinions were shared after a number of workshop activities that teach the practice of happy schools in Quan Hoa primary school, Cau Giay district, Hanoi. To add more research detail, the authors performed an in-depth interview with the vice principal. The research results showed that primary teachers’ awareness was at a good level (100% agreed). Twenty-seven teachers in this workshop gave a detailed and reflective explanation of happy schools. Then, the authors provided a number of suggestions to spread the idea of happy schools in practice, within primary schools in particular, and for all schools in general, according to the UNESCO items, which are on the move in regulations and curricula at the Bureau of Education and Training of Hanoi these days, especially in the context of the 2018 National Education Curriculum implemented since the 2020-2021 school year.
The multi-criteria decision making for evaluation of vulnerability to climate change: A case study in Vietnam
Authors:   Banking Academy, Vietnam, Truong Thi Thuy Duong
Published: December 2022

Vulnerability to climate change can reflect systemic weakness and, in particular, a susceptibility to severe events such as storms, floods, high temperature, droughts. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines vulnerability as a combination of characteristics and magnitudes that express exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. This paper aims at proposing a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach for the evaluation of vulnerability to climate change in coastal provinces in Vietnam. An integrated approach is performed to achieve the most relevant outcome. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are combined to show the most vulnerability in terms of livelihoods in 28 coastal zones in Vietnam. The results, in terms of livelihoods, show that Nghe An, Ha Tinh, and Thai Binh are the most vulnerable to sea level rise as the population density near the coastline significantly contributes to enhanced vulnerability to climate change.
Extent to which people perceive and accept Covid-19 vaccines in north central Vietnam
Authors:   Vietkaplab, Hanoi, Nguyen Thuy , Ngo Thang ,   Faculty of Economics, National Economics University, Pham Thi-Hong Diep ,   Faculty of Political Economy, University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Nguyen Hong-Thi ,   Faculty of International Economics, Foreign Trade University, Nguyen Thi-Huong-Lan ,   Faculty of Political Economy, of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Khuc Quy Van ,   Vietkaplab, Hanoi,   Faculty of Political Economy, University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Published: December 2022

To achieve herd immunity against Covid-19, the willingness of residents to get vaccinated and successful vaccination policies go hand in hand. This paper aims to understand the perceptions, acceptance, hesitation, and refusal of Covid-19 vaccines in Nghe An, Vietnam. We used an online survey to collect data during March of 2021. The Bayesian regression model (BRM) was used to identify the factors affecting vaccination decisions. The empirical results show that respondents’ livelihoods were considerably affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, and there was a subtle difference in Covid-19 impacts on the lives of urban residents and their rural counterparts. In addition, respondents reported an overall positive attitude towards Covid-19 vaccination in which 84.28% were willing to get vaccinated, 14.85% were hesitant, and 0.87% refused vaccination. Their vaccination decisions were associated with vaccine side effects, information, income, job type, gender, and trust in government. Our findings offer policy implications for devising strategies for vaccine distribution in the study area and beyond.
Law on corporate social responsibility for consumers
Authors:   University of Law, Hue University, Vietnam, Nguyen Duy Phuong , Nguyen Duy Thanh ,   University of Law, Hue University, Vietnam
Published: December 2022

The law on corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards consumers is codified in the 2010 Law on Protection of Consumer Rights (LPCR). After more than 10 years of implementation, besides the achieved results, the 2010 LPCR also revealed certain limitations including provisions related to the responsibility of enterprises in protecting the interests of consumers. Because of that, on March 29, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Trade submitted statement No.1695/Ttr-BCT on the proposal to develop another LPCR (amended). In that context, the authors of this article focus on clarifying the legal provisions on CSR for consumers and the practice of law enforcement on CSR for consumers thereby pointing out the advantages and limitations of the law as well as its practical implementation. At the same time, this article provides solutions to improve the law on the responsibility of enterprises in protecting the interests of consumers.
ECOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN MINANGKABAU KIEH
Authors: Nasri Daratullaila , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Juliastuty Dewi , Awwali Muchlis , Danerek Stefan
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Artikel ini menelisik bentuk kearifan dan kepedulian masyarakat Minangkabau terhadap alam dan lingkungannya melalui kieh ‘kias’ dalam mamangan (salah satu ungkapan tradisional Minangkabau) yang mengandung kearifan ekologis. Data penelitian berupa ungkapan kieh, berupa anjuran dan larangan tentang topik ekologi. Kieh memiliki beberapa bentuk, yakni pepatah, petitih, mamangan, pameo, dan pituah Dalam konteks ini data kieh yang menjadi objek kajian ialah mamangan yang terkait dengan masalah ekologis. Kajian ini menggunakan konsep etika lingkungan dan pandangan falsafah alam Minangkabau yang dirangkumkan oleh A.A. Navis, dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa masyarakat Minangkabau memiliki kearifan dan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan yang salah satunya dituangkan dalam kieh. Kieh ekologis yang lahir dalam bentuk mamangan itu mengandung nilai ekologis, yaitu kepedulian terhadap alam; pelestarian alam; dan penghematan sumber daya alam. Bentuk kearifan itu merupakan pedoman bagi masyarakat Minangkabau dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan yang di dalam falsafah alam Minangkabau menunjukkan prinsip keberlanjutan sumber daya alam bagi keberlangsungan sistem adat dan tradisi komunal Minangkabau, seperti penerusan pusaka berupa tanah pertanian, ladang, hutan, dan sebagainya.  Bentuk dan struktur kieh ekologis ini menggambarkan estetika dan sekaligus etika berlingkungan bagi masyarakat Minangkabau
Inelastic Deformation of Freestanding Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Arai M. , Wu X.H. , Fujimoto K.
Published: December 2022

A fundamental study of inelastic deformation of freestanding plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has been conducted. Cantilever-type bending tests are carried out to obtain stress-strain curves from freestanding ceramic layers detached from the TBC-coated sample via electrochemical treatment. In order to investigate inelastic deformation in the sample, in-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation is performed by means of a small tensile testing device that can be inserted into the SEM vacuum chamber. The bending test result indicated that the coating deforms with a nonlinear behavior under monotonic loading, in spite of the fact that it is a ceramic material. Spray parameters such as in-flight velocity affected the stress-strain curve significantly. In-situ SEM observation during the bending test revealed that sliding at boundaries between splats plays an important role in inelastic deformation.
Thermomechanical Evaluation and Thermal Expansion Behavior of Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Takagi K. , Kudo D. , Kawasaki A. , Harada Y. , Okazaki M.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a method, based on push-rod type thermomechanical analysis, for determining the thermal expansion behavior of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). It shows that TMA measurements can provide accurate CTEs for yttria-stabilized zirconia layers as thin as 0.3 mm with good reproducibility and low measurement error (< 5%). The method was also used to assess the effect of annealing on thermal expansion behavior, revealing a slightly monotonic decrease in the CTE of YSZ samples.
Fabrication and Properties of MCrAlY/Nanostructured YSZ Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Zhang J. , Xu N. , Hou W.L. , Wang J.Q. , Quan M.X. , Chang X.C.
Published: December 2022

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) consisting of a yttria-partially-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) topcoat and a metallic bond coat are used to protect components in high temperature environments such as the hot section of a gas turbine. In this study, the bond coats have been fabricated using different thermal spray processes, including vacuum arc spaying, high-velocity oxyfuel flame spraying, low-pressure plasma spraying, air plasma spraying, and detonation spraying. The microstructure of the resulting TBCs is characterized based on XRD, SEM, and TEM analysis and various properties are measured, including high-temperature oxidation, cohesion strength, thermal impact, and heat insulation temperature.
Microstructure-Based Prediction of Properties for Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Qunbo Fan , Fuchi Wang , Lu Wang , Zhuang Ma
Published: December 2022

In this work, digital image processing and finite element analysis are used to predict physical properties of thermal barrier coatings based on microstructure. Factors that affect thermal conductivity such as porosity, crack morphology, and interface defects are systematically studied. It is shown that transverse cracks can significantly retard the transfer of thermal flux and that the effective TCE and elastic modulus at the coating interface is determined mainly by composition, with interface morphology having little effect. Furthermore, no anisotropy was found at the interface. Unlike traditional property-prediction methods, the methodology presented in this paper reflects real coating microstructures, thus providing more accurate results.
Influence of Microstructure on Thermal Conductivity of Plasma-Sprayed YSZ Coating
Authors: Li Y. , Li C.-J. , Xing Y.-Z. , Yang G.-J. , Li C.-X.
Published: December 2022

Thermal conductivity of plasma-sprayed YSZ thermal barrier coatings depends on microstructure and significantly influences the effectiveness of the thermal barrier. In this study, YSZ coatings are deposited by plasma spraying using fused and crushed Y2O3-ZrO2 powder. Coating microstructure was modified by substrate temperature, which was varied from room temperature to 880 °C during deposition. The coating microstructure was examined from the fractured cross-section of the deposits to reveal changes in interlamellar bonding due to substrate temperature. The thermal conductivities of the YSZ coating were tested by laser flashing from room temperature to 1300 °C. The results showed that the coating deposited at room temperature exhibited a typical lamellar structure and a thermal conductivity of 1.26 W·m-1·K-1 measured at room temperature. With the increase of substrate temperature, the thermal conductivity was increased. The coating deposited at a substrate temperature of 840-880 °C consisted of trans-lamellae long columnar grains and exhibited a value of 1.95 W·m-1·K-1 at room temperature. The influence of substrate temperature on thermal conductivity is discussed based on the changes in microstructure observed.
Elaboration of Porous Ni/8YSZ Cermet Layers by Several SPS and SPPS Routes
Authors: Michaux P. , Montavon G. , Grimaud A. , Denoirjean A. , Fauchais P.
Published: December 2022

In this study, nickel-zirconia cermet layers are produced by solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS) and compared with suspension plasma sprayed (SPS) coatings of similar content. Although nickel is uniformly distributed in both coatings, its presence in the suspension caused problems with the SPS process. With the SSPS process, precursor solutions are fragmented into droplets in which Ni, Zr, and Y are intimately mixed, resulting in very fine microstructure without the problems encountered with the SPS process. It was also found that plasma gas enthalpy and spray distance have predominant effects on in-flight pyrolysis of the elements, and that plasma gas mixture has an impact on porosity as well as the oxidation state of the nickel.
Deposition of TiO2 Coatings: Comparison between High Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying (HVSFS), Atmospheric Plasma Spraying, and HVOF Spraying
Authors: Bolelli G. , Cannillo V. , Lusvarghi L. , Gadow R. , Killinger A. , Rauch J. , Bemporad E. , Sebastiani M.
Published: December 2022

In this study, a TiO2 (anatase) nanopowder suspension was processed by high velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS). The resulting coatings were characterized and compared to conventional HVOF and atmospheric plasma sprayed layers. It is shown that the HVSFS operating parameters can be adjusted to achieve dense titania with a near nanostructure and homogeneous distribution of anatase and rutile phases. These coatings have lower pore interconnectivity and higher wear resistance than the APS and HVOF layers. Alternatively, large unmelted agglomerates of anatase nanoparticles can be embedded in the coating, increasing the porosity and anatase content for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency.
Effects of Cold Spray Process Gas Temperature on CP Titanium Structure
Authors: Gulizia S. , Tiganis B. , Jahedi M.Z. , Wright N. , Gengenbach T. , MacRae C.
Published: December 2022

During cold spraying, small particles are propelled to supersonic speeds and adhere to the substrate on impact, forming a strong bond. This work examines the effect of process gas temperature on cold spray coatings produced from commercially pure (CP) titanium powders. Nitrogen gases at 400, 600, and 800 °C were used as the propellant and nitrogen and oxygen content in the titanium coating was examined. The findings suggest that at high gas temperatures, the oxygen and nitrogen in the commercially pure titanium deposits increases at the particle boundaries.
Microstructural Development in Cold Sprayed Copper
Authors: King P.C. , Zahiri S.H. , Jahedi M.
Published: December 2022

This study investigates microstructural alterations in copper powder during cold spraying. A highly nonhomogeneous structure was observed with average strains of almost 50% close to the interface. Large strains and high strain rates resulted in significant grain refinement and the formation of sub 100-nm grains. Deformation occurred by slip and twinning, the latter promoted by impurities in the copper feedstock. Thin foils from the deposits were studied by TEM analysis and cross-sections of deformed particles were made and examined using FIB-SEM techniques.
Kinetic Metallization – A Repair Process for Damaged IVD-Al Coatings, Mg, and Al Alloy Components
Authors: Tapphorn R. , Henness J. , Gabel H.
Published: December 2022

Repair of damaged ion vapor deposition aluminum (IVD-Al) on aircraft components generally requires the use of brush plating with hazardous materials including cadmium. This paper describes a cold spray process that uses aluminum transition metals to make such repairs. The aluminum layers are applied with a handheld cold spray gun and tested according to JTP-2003 requirements for corrosion resistant coatings on steel components.
The Effect of Ni Coating for Diamond on Metal-Diamond Composite Coatings by Cold Spray Deposition
Authors: Kim H.J. , Jung D.J. , Lee C.
Published: December 2022

This study assesses the effectiveness of nickel-coated diamond powder for producing metal-diamond composite coatings by cold spraying. The results of the investigation show that diamond fracturing was mitigated by the protective nickel coating. In general, the softer the metal matrix and the finer the diamond, the less fracturing that occurs and the greater the diamond fraction in the composite layer. It is also shown, however, that deposition efficiency and diamond fraction must be improved especially for diamond sizes of 50 μm and above.
Thermally Enhanced Kinetic Sprayed Titanium Coating: Microstructure and Property Improvement for Potential Applications
Authors: Bae G. , Kang K. , Na H. , Lee C. , Kim H.J.
Published: December 2022

In the present investigation, thermally enhanced kinetic spraying of titanium onto mild steel substrates is carried out in conjunction with powder preheating to obtain a dense coating using low-cost nitrogen as the process gas. Prior to this, a prototype model was developed for process optimization based on numerically approximated adhesion factors. The simulation results show that adiabatic shear instability accelerated by thermal energy and subsequent particle impact leads to the formation of an enhanced thermal boost-up zone that closely correlates with deposition behavior and coating properties. It is thus shown that the deposition efficiency of titanium can be more than 90% and porosity less than 1% when nitrogen gas is used for cold spraying.
Post Treatment of Cold Sprayed Metallic Ti-Al to Achieve Thick Ti2AlN Coating
Authors: Tang Caixian , Gulizia Stefan , Jahedi Mahnaz
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a way of processing cold-sprayed Ti-Al to produce titanium aluminum nitride coatings. These coatings are meant to serve as a durable protective layer on tools exposed to molten aluminum alloys. A Ti-Al powder mixture with a weight ratio of 70/30 was cold sprayed onto specially prepared substrates using nitrogen as a process and powder delivery gas. The resulting coatings were alloyed at different temperatures to obtain a stabilized Ti-Al intermetallic phase for further nitriding treatment. The nitriding process was carried out in an ammonia-nitrogen atmosphere at 900 °C. The final product had a web-shaped microstructure with the same thickness as the cold-sprayed Ti-Al. Test samples were placed in molten aluminum for 1200 hours without notable chemical reaction.
Microstructure and Biological Properties of Plasma Sprayed Novel Bioactive Coatings
Authors: Liu X.-Y. , Ding C.-X.
Published: December 2022

In this investigation, bioactive ceramic materials, including dicalcium silicate, titania, and zirconia, were deposited on titanium substrates by plasma spraying in order to determine their effect on the bioactivity of metal implants. Cell-seeding tests show that MG63 osteoblast-like cells grow and proliferate well on each of the coating materials. In the case of Ca2SiO4, the presence of silicon ions is thought to be the key to this behavior. In regard to TiO2 and ZrO2, the bioactivity is thought to result from the nanostructured surfaces and special surface compositions.
Phase Formation in Alumina-YSZ Nano-Composite Coating Deposited by Suspension Plasma Spray Process
Authors: Tarasi F. , Medraj M. , Dolatabadi A. , Oberste-Berghaus J. , Moreau C.
Published: December 2022

In this study, suspension plasma spraying is used to deposit pseudo eutectic alumina-yttria stabilized zirconia as a potential thermal barrier coating. Process variables including feed rate, powder size, and plasma gas composition were altered to determine the influence of spray parameters on the formation of phases in the composite coating. The most significant variable was found to be the auxiliary gas. The gas influences the formation of phases primarily through its effect on in-flight particle velocity.
Production of Metallic Coatings on Polymer-Matrix Composites
Authors: Robitaille F. , Yandouzi M. , Jodoin B. , Hind S.
Published: December 2022

The present work probes the deposition of metallic coatings on high fiber volume fraction carbon/epoxy polymer matrix composites using pulsed gas dynamic spraying. Well-consolidated and well-adhered coatings of zinc and copper were successfully applied and initial trials with higher melting point metals have been promising. Two key aspects of the technique are the low temperatures involved and the presence of embedded ductile particles in the substrate. The embedded particles promote adhesion and eliminate the need for surface preparation procedures along with associated risks. The hardness and porosity of the zinc coatings deposited on polymer matrix composites were found to be comparable to that of similar coatings on metallic substrates.
Ultra-High Temperature Resistance Coatings for Thermal Protection of Space Vehicles
Authors: Tului M. , Lionetti S. , Marino G. , Gardi R. , Valente T. , Pulci G.
Published: December 2022

In this study, plasma sprayed ceramic coatings with different amounts of SiC and MoSi2 particles dispersed in a ZrB2 matrix were produced and tested. The results show that MoSi2 addition in ZrB2-SiC samples improves high-temperature oxidation resistance without affecting mechanical properties. Demonstrative components were manufactured and tested in simulated operating conditions by means of a plasma wind tunnel. Preliminary results indicate that thermal sprayed ceramics are well suited for use in space re-entry vehicles.
Densifying Method of Corrosion and Wear Resistant Coatings by Using Nanoparticles
Authors: Armada S. , Espallargas N. , Tilset B.G. , Pilz M. , Liltvedt R. , Bratland H.
Published: December 2022

Problems with corrosion resistance in hydraulic cylinders used in marine environments contribute to many failures. Thermal spraying has proven to be a reliable method for replacing electroplated coatings in aircraft, but performance in high corrosive environments is still a drawback. In the present work, a new sealing method to densify WC-CoCr HVOF coatings is tested, which appears to be applicable to hydraulic cylinders in marine environments. The method is based on the use of nanoparticle solutions that penetrate and fill pores and cracks to seal the coatings. Two such solutions are tested and compared to as-sprayed coatings. Open-circuit potential and tribocorrosion measurements in 3.4% NaCl show that sealed coatings are more resistant to corrosion and wear than as-sprayed layers.
Statistical Design of HVOF Spray Experiments to Manufacture Superfine Structured Wear Resistant Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) Coatings
Authors: Tillmann W. , Vogli E. , Baumann I. , Kopp G. , Weihs C.
Published: December 2022

HVOF spraying of fine feedstock powder allows the deposition of cermet coatings with outstanding properties, but selecting and optimizing process parameters can be difficult. In this study, investigators employ a design of experiments (DOE) approach to identify the most relevant process parameters in the spraying of 2-8 μm Cr3C2-NiCr powders. In a screening step, all parameters were assessed in a 12-run Plackett-Burman experimental design and linear models were used to estimate their effect on coating properties and deposition efficiency. The five most influential parameters were then analyzed in a 16-run fractional factorial set of experiments in order to determine their effect, along with all possible two-way interactions, on coating quality.
Gas-Dynamic Improvement of HVOF Systems – Development Aspects and Applications
Authors: Wielage B. , Paczkowski G. , Rupprecht C.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a new strategy for improving the quality of HVOF sprayed coatings as well as the deposition efficiency of the process. The highly turbulent expanding gas jet is stabilized and focused with the aid of a helical gas shroud. The effect of the design modification is demonstrated by numerical calculations and through the use of a prototype torch.
Low Pressure Plasma Spray – Thin Film at Sandia National Laboratories
Authors: Hall A.C. , McCloskey J.F. , Urrea D.A. , Roemer T.J. , Beatty D.E. , Spinhirne N.R. , Hirschfeld D.A.
Published: December 2022

This paper describes the basic design and operation of a low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) system in use at Sandia National Laboratories. To demonstrate the versatility of the system, Sandia engineers, working in collaboration with the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, produced thin (< 100 μm), dense yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings using three deposition mechanisms: liquid droplet, vapor, and mixed mode (vapor and droplet). Despite slight differences in equipment configuration, the work duplicates many of the results obtained in previous investigations, confirming the advantages of LPPS over other thin film deposition techniques.