bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-molecule localization microscopy comes of age: From concepts to biological impact
Authors: Sauer Markus , Soeller Christian , Hanrahan Orla
Published: November 2015

Superresolution microscopy by single-molecule photoactivation or photoswitching and position determination (localization microscopy) has the potential to fundamentally revolutionize our understanding of how cells function at a molecular level. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can provide single-molecule information about the distribution and even the absolute numbers of proteins in subcellular compartments. During this webinar, our speakers will introduce the basic requirements of SMLM and its potential use for quantitative molecular imaging. Obstacles and how to bypass them will be discussed, as well as the advantages of direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) for quantitative imaging of proteins. Furthermore, the influence of different environmental and artificial variables on the survival of different cell lines will be demonstrated. The speakers will present data on different image capture technologies for SMLM, focusing on electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) and scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) cameras, discussing frame rates and the need for sensitive detectors to harvest the comparatively low light levels associated with single-molecule fluorescence emission. Information on how to optimize your camera setup for superresolution imaging will also be provided.
Pancreatic β cell enhancers regulate rhythmic transcription of genes controlling insulin secretion
Authors: Perelis Mark , Marcheva Biliana , Moynihan Ramsey Kathryn , Schipma Matthew J. , Hutchison Alan L. , Taguchi Akihiko , Peek Clara Bien , Hong Heekyung , Huang Wenyu , Omura Chiaki , Allred Amanda L. , Bradfield Christopher A. , Dinner Aaron R. , Barish Grant D. , Bass Joseph
Published: November 2015

The clockwork of insulin release

In healthy people, blood glucose levels are maintained within a narrow range by several physiological mechanisms. Key among them is the release of the hormone insulin by pancreatic β cells, which occurs when glucose levels rise after a meal. In response to insulin, blood glucose is taken up by tissues that need fuel, such as muscle. β cells can anticipate the body's varying demand for insulin throughout the 24-hour day because they have their own circadian clock. How this clock controls insulin release has been unclear. Perelis
et al.
now show that the activity of transcriptional enhancers specific to β cells regulates the rhythmic expression of genes involved in the assembly and trafficking of insulin secretory vesicles (see the Perspective by Dibner and Schibler).

Science
, this issue p.
10.1126/science.aac4250
; see also p.
628
A cucurbit androecy gene reveals how unisexual flowers develop and dioecy emerges
Authors: Boualem Adnane , Troadec Christelle , Camps Céline , Lemhemdi Afef , Morin Halima , Sari Marie-Agnes , Fraenkel-Zagouri Rina , Kovalski Irina , Dogimont Catherine , Perl-Treves Rafael , Bendahmane Abdelhafid
Published: November 2015

How flowers separate males and females

Most flowering plant families have bisexual flowers with both male and female function. However, most members of the
Cucurbiticeae
family, which includes melons, cucumbers, and gourds, have unisexual flowers. To understand this difference in sex expression, Boualem
et al.
identified a cucumber gene expressed in the female flowers. Mutations in this gene were associated with solely male flowers. By integrating this finding into a sex determination model, the authors explain how unisexual flowers can coexist in the same plant.

Science, this issue p.
688
Electrochemical oxidation of
243
Am(III) in nitric acid by a terpyridyl-derivatized electrode
Authors: Dares Christopher J. , Lapides Alexander M. , Mincher Bruce J. , Meyer Thomas J.
Published: November 2015

High fives and sixes for Americium ions

You've probably heard of uranium and plutonium. Americium (Am) is less widely discussed outside chemistry circles, but the separation of this heavier radioactive element from nuclear waste streams is a major goal of fuel reprocessing research. The trouble is that trivalent Am ions are hard to tease apart from similarly charged lanthanide ions. Dares
et al.
now show that terpyridyl ligands appended to an electrode can promote the oxidation of trivalent Am ions to the pentavalent and hexavalent states (see the Perspective by Soderquist). These more highly charged ions should be easier to isolate for the subsequent use of the Am in next-generation nuclear reactors.

Science
, this issue p.
652
; see also p.
635
Discovery of diffuse aurora on Mars
Authors: Schneider N. M. , Deighan J. I. , Jain S. K. , Stiepen A. , Stewart A. I. F. , Larson D. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Lee C. O. , Lillis R. J. , Evans J. S. , Brain D. , Stevens M. H. , McClintock W. E. , Chaffin M. S. , Crismani M. , Holsclaw G. M. , Lefevre F. , Lo D. Y. , Clarke J. T. , Montmessin F. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: November 2015

Planetary auroras reveal the complex interplay between an atmosphere and the surrounding plasma environment. We report the discovery of low-altitude, diffuse auroras spanning much of Mars’ northern hemisphere, coincident with a solar energetic particle outburst. The Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph, a remote sensing instrument on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, detected auroral emission in virtually all nightside observations for ~5 days, spanning nearly all geographic longitudes. Emission extended down to ~60 kilometer (km) altitude (1 microbar), deeper than confirmed at any other planet. Solar energetic particles were observed up to 200 kilo­–electron volts; these particles are capable of penetrating down to the 60 km altitude. Given minimal magnetic fields over most of the planet, Mars is likely to exhibit auroras more globally than Earth.
Small Interfering RNA Pathway Modulates Initial Viral Infection in Midgut Epithelium of Insect after Ingestion of Virus
Authors: Lan Hanhong , Chen Hongyan , Liu Yuyan , Jiang Chaoyang , Mao Qianzhuo , Jia Dongsheng , Chen Qian , Wei Taiyun
Published: November 2015

Numerous viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by insect vectors. Persistent viruses establish their initial infection in the midgut epithelium, from where they disseminate to the midgut visceral muscles. Although propagation of viruses in insect vectors can be controlled by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) antiviral pathway, whether the siRNA pathway can control viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium is unknown. Infection by a rice virus (
Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus
[SRBSDV]) of its incompetent vector (the small brown planthopper [SBPH]) is restricted to the midgut epithelium. Here, we show that the siRNA pathway is triggered by SRBSDV infection in continuously cultured cells derived from the SBPH and in the midgut of the intact insect. Knockdown of the expression of the core component Dicer-2 of the siRNA pathway by RNA interference strongly increased the ability of SRBSDV to propagate in continuously cultured SBPH cells and in the midgut epithelium, allowing viral titers in the midgut epithelium to reach the threshold (1.99 × 10
9
copies of the SRBSDV
P10
gene/μg of midgut RNA) needed for viral dissemination into the SBPH midgut muscles. Our results thus represent the first elucidation of the threshold for viral dissemination from the insect midgut epithelium. Silencing of Dicer-2 further facilitated the transmission of SRBSDV into rice plants by SBPHs. Taken together, our results reveal the new finding that the siRNA pathway can control the initial infection of the insect midgut epithelium by a virus, which finally affects the competence of the virus's vector.

IMPORTANCE
Many viral pathogens that cause significant global health and agricultural problems are transmitted via insect vectors. The first bottleneck in viral infection, the midgut epithelium, is a principal determinant of the ability of an insect species to transmit a virus.
Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus
(SRBSDV) is restricted exclusively to the midgut epithelium of an incompetent vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH). Here, we show that silencing of the core component Dicer-2 of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway increases viral titers in the midgut epithelium past the threshold (1.99 × 10
9
copies of the SRBSDV
P10
gene/μg of midgut RNA) for viral dissemination into the midgut muscles and then into the salivary glands, allowing the SBPH to become a competent vector of SRBSDV. This result is the first evidence that the siRNA antiviral pathway has a direct role in the control of viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium and that it affects the competence of the virus's vector.
A Betabaculovirus-Encoded
gp64
Homolog Codes for a Functional Envelope Fusion Protein
Authors: Ardisson-Araújo Daniel M. P. , Melo Fernando L. , Clem Rollie J. , Wolff José L. C. , Ribeiro Bergmann M.
Published: November 2015

The GP64 envelope fusion protein is a hallmark of group I alphabaculoviruses. However, the Diatraea saccharalis granulovirus genome sequence revealed the first betabaculovirus species harboring a
gp64
homolog (
disa118
). In this work, we have shown that this homolog encodes a functional envelope fusion protein and could enable the infection and fusogenic abilities of a
gp64
-null prototype baculovirus. Therefore, GP64 may complement or may be in the process of replacing F protein activity in this virus lineage.
Quality improvement in documentation for patients with suspected facial fractures: use of a structured record keeping tool
Authors: Haworth Simon , Bates Anthony Simon , Beech Andrea , Knepil Gregor
Published: November 2015

Objective

Patients with injuries to the midface frequently sustain ophthalmic injuries and fractures to the facial bones. Despite this, basic ophthalmic examination and assessment of important clinical signs are often missing from the records of patients attending the emergency department (ED). We implemented a structured record keeping tool to improve documentation for patients presenting to the ED with midface injuries.

Methods

At our institution, a structured record keeping tool was introduced to document important clinical features of maxillofacial injuries. This assessment tool included 17 key clinical diagnostic signs and symptoms including a six-part basic ophthalmic examination. We audited 369 patients attending the ED with suspected midface bony injuries using this tool.

Results

A statistically significant improvement in the documentation of all six ophthalmic parameters was seen. The documentation rate of visual acuity increased by 41.1% (SE 2.8; p<0.001); diplopia by 45% (2.9; p<0.001); double vision by 51% (2.9; p<0.001); lateral subconjunctival haemorrhage with no posterior limit by 83% (2.6; p<0.001) and enopthalmous by 86% (2.4; p<0.001). Documenting whether pupils were equal and react to light increased by 14% (1.4; p<0.001). In addition, 10 out of 11 non-ophthalmic parameters showed significant improvement. The mean global record keeping score increased from 45.3% (95% CI 42.7% to 47.7%) to 99.1% (95% CI 98.2% to 100%; p<0.001).

Conclusions

This work demonstrates that a structured record keeping tool is a simple and effective method of significantly improving clinical documentation for patients with facial injuries presenting to the ED.
Getting to grips with science
Authors: Hill Myfanwy
Published: November 2015

Myfanwy Hill started on her PhD in June. She says she is beginning to feel as though she knows what she is doing. .. at least some of the time
An Auditory-Tactile Visual Saccade-Independent P300 Brain–Computer Interface
Authors: Yin Erwei , Zeyl Timothy , Saab Rami , Hu Dewen , Zhou Zongtan , Chau Tom
Published: November 2015

Most P300 event-related potential (ERP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) studies focus on gaze shift-dependent BCIs, which cannot be used by people who have lost voluntary eye movement. However, the performance of visual saccade-independent P300 BCIs is generally poor. To improve saccade-independent BCI performance, we propose a bimodal P300 BCI approach that simultaneously employs auditory and tactile stimuli. The proposed P300 BCI is a vision-independent system because no visual interaction is required of the user. Specifically, we designed a direction-congruent bimodal paradigm by randomly and simultaneously presenting auditory and tactile stimuli from the same direction. Furthermore, the channels and number of trials were tailored to each user to improve online performance. With 12 participants, the average online information transfer rate (ITR) of the bimodal approach improved by 45.43% and 51.05% over that attained, respectively, with the auditory and tactile approaches individually. Importantly, the average online ITR of the bimodal approach, including the break time between selections, reached 10.77 bits/min. These findings suggest that the proposed bimodal system holds promise as a practical visual saccade-independent P300 BCI.
Measurements of jet-related observables at the LHC
Authors: Kokkas P.
Published: November 2015

During the first years of the LHC operation a large amount of jet data was recorded by the ATLAS and CMS experiments. In this review several measurements of jet-related observables are presented, such as multi-jet rates and cross sections, ratios of jet cross sections, jet shapes and event shape observables. All results presented here are based on jet data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Data are compared to various Monte Carlo generators, as well as to theoretical next-to-leading-order calculations allowing a test of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics in a previously unexplored energy region.
Forward jets and large rapidity gaps
Authors: Campanelli Mario
Published: November 2015

Hadronic jets are extremely abundant at the LHC, and testing QCD in various corners of phase-space is important to understand backgrounds and some specific signatures of new physics. In this article, various measurements aiming at probing QCD in configurations where the theory modelling becomes challenging are presented. Azimuthal angle de-correlations are sensitive to hard as well as soft QCD emission, and in most of the events jets are produced in a back-to-back configuration. Events where jets have a large rapidity separation are also rare, and those without additional radiation between the jets are exponentially suppressed. The modelling of radiation between very forward and backward jets is complicated, and may require theoretical tools different with respect to those normally used for central, high-[Formula: see text] events. Observables can be constructed that are sensitive to all these effects, such as the study of azimuthal angle de-correlations in events where the two leading jets have large rapidity separations. The two general-purpose detectors of the LHC have measured these observables, and for some of them interesting deviations with respect to the most commonly used theoretical models are observed.
Transverse resistance in HoBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals
Authors: Vovk Ruslan V. , Khadzhai Georgij Ya. , Dobrovolskiy Oleksandr V. , Nazyrov Zarif F. , Chroneos Alexander
Published: November 2015

The transverse electrical resistance of HoBa2Cu3O[Formula: see text] single crystals is investigated in the temperature range [Formula: see text] for optimally-doped [Formula: see text] and oxygen-poor [Formula: see text] samples. With decreasing temperature, the resistivity of the optimally-doped samples has been found to transit from the regime of scattering on phonons and defects to the regime of “semiconductor” character and, near [Formula: see text], of the fluctuation conductivity. The oxygen-poor samples have been revealed to exhibit only a variable range hopping conductivity of “semiconductor” character, which near [Formula: see text] transits into the fluctuation conductivity. A significant anisotropy of the residual resistivity and characteristics of the fluctuation conductivity is observed for samples of both types.
MAT-Based Thinning for Line Patterns
Authors: Chen Yung-Sheng , Chao Ming-Te
Published: November 2015

Reducing branching effect and increasing boundary noise immunity are of great importance for thinning patterns. An approach based on medial axis transform (MAT) to obtain a connected 1-pixel wide skeleton with few redundant branches is presented in this paper. Though the obtained skeleton by MAT is isotropic with few redundant branches, however, the skeleton points are usually disconnected. In order to rend the merits of the MAT and avoid its disadvantages, the proposed approach is composed of distance-map generation, grouping, ridge-path linking, and refining to obtain the connected 1-pixel wide thin line. The ridge-path linking strategy can guarantee the skeletons connected, whereas the refining process can be readily performed by a conventional thinning process to obtain the 1-pixel wide thinned pattern. The performances investigated by branching effect, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and measurement of skeleton deviation (MSD) confirm the feasibility of the proposed MAT-based thinning for line patterns.
Automorphisms of the endomorphism semigroup of a free algebra
Authors: Sun Xiaosong
Published: November 2015

We suggest a new method for describing automorphisms of the endomorphism semigroup of a free algebra in a variety of algebras. As an application, we describe automorphisms of the endomorphism semigroup of a free Poisson algebra over an arbitrary field [Formula: see text].
An improved version of the Hughes model for pedestrian flow
Authors: Carrillo Jose A. , Martin Stephan , Wolfram Marie-Therese
Published: November 2015

Roger Hughes proposed a macroscopic model for pedestrian dynamics, in which individuals seek to minimize their travel time but try to avoid regions of high density. One of the basic assumptions is that the overall density of the crowd is known to every agent. In this paper we present a modification of the Hughes model to include local effects, namely limited vision, and a conviction towards decision making. The modified velocity field enables smooth turning and temporary waiting behavior. We discuss the modeling in the micro- and macroscopic setting as well as the efficient numerical simulation of either description. Finally we illustrate the model with various numerical experiments and evaluate the behavior with respect to the evacuation time and the overall performance.
A New Search Algorithm of MBD Based on Spider Web and Its Application in Power Distribution Network Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Dai Chenxi , Hu Keting , He Shiyu
Published: November 2015

To reduce the spatial complexity and search time of minimum hitting sets in model-based diagnosis (MBD), a new algorithm for searching minimum hitting sets of MBD is proposed in this paper, which can use the characteristics of minimum hitting sets and the idea of spider prey in biology. We call it cobweb search algorithm. In the algorithm, the generation of visit spiders and search strategy are proposed, and the visit spider that can find the visit path of cobweb to search all minimum hitting sets within a cobweb is constructed. Based on the experiment comparisons, Cobweb search algorithm has better performance than other algorithms of searching minimum hitting sets. As an example, a 14-node power distribution network model is constructed. The diagnosis process with MBD is introduced and analyzed in detail, at the same time the cobweb search algorithm is applied in power distribution network fault diagnosis. The experiment results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
OPTIMIZATION OF CVD DIAMOND COATING TYPE ON MICRO DRILLS IN PCB MACHINING
Authors: LEI X. L. , HE Y. , SUN F. H.
Published: November 2015

The demand for better tools for machining printed circuit boards (PCBs) is increasing due to the extensive usage of these boards in digital electronic products. This paper is aimed at optimizing coating type on micro drills in order to extend their lifetime in PCB machining. First, the tribotests involving micro crystalline diamond (MCD), nano crystalline diamond (NCD) and bare tungsten carbide (WC-Co) against PCBs show that NCD–PCB tribopair exhibits the lowest friction coefficient (0.35) due to the unique nano structure and low surface roughness of NCD films. Thereafter, the dry machining performance of the MCD- and NCD-coated micro drills on PCBs is systematically studied, using diamond-like coating (DLC) and TiAlN-coated micro drills as comparison. The experiments show that the working lives of these micro drills can be ranked as: NCD[Formula: see text]TiAlN[Formula: see text]DLC[Formula: see text]MCD[Formula: see text]bare WC-Co. The superior cutting performance of NCD-coated micro drills in terms of the lowest flank wear growth rate, no tool degradation (e.g. chipping, tool tipping) appearance, the best hole quality as well as the lowest feed force may come from the excellent wear resistance, lower friction coefficient against PCB as well as the high adhesive strength on the underneath substrate of NCD films.
Characterization of matrix Fourier multipliers for A-dilation Parseval multi-wavelet frames
Authors: Huang Yongdong , Zhu Fengjuan
Published: November 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text] expansive integral matrix with [Formula: see text]. This paper investigates matrix Fourier multipliers for [Formula: see text]-dilation Parseval multi-wavelet frames, which are [Formula: see text] matrices with [Formula: see text] function entries, map [Formula: see text]-dilation Parseval multi-wavelet frames of length [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]-dilation Parseval multi-wavelet frames of length [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. We completely characterize all matrix Fourier multipliers for [Formula: see text]-dilation Parseval multi-wavelet frames and construct several numerical examples. As Fourier wavelet frame multiplier, matrix Fourier multipliers can be used to derive new [Formula: see text]-dilation Parseval multi-wavelet frames and can help us better understand the basic properties of frame theory.
Moyal deformations of Clifford gauge theories of gravity
Authors: Castro Carlos
Published: November 2015

A Moyal deformation of a Clifford [Formula: see text] Gauge Theory of (Conformal) Gravity is performed for canonical noncommutativity (constant [Formula: see text] parameters). In the very special case when one imposes certain constraints on the fields, there are [Formula: see text] first-order contributions in the [Formula: see text] parameters to the Moyal deformations of Clifford gauge theories of gravity. However, when one does [Formula: see text] impose constraints on the fields, there are first-order contributions in [Formula: see text] to the Moyal deformations in variance with the previous results obtained by other authors and based on different gauge groups. Despite that the generators of [Formula: see text] can be expressed in terms of the Clifford algebra generators this does [Formula: see text] imply that these algebras are isomorphic to the Clifford algebra. Therefore one should not expect identical results to those obtained by other authors. In particular, there are Moyal deformations of the Einstein–Hilbert gravitational action with a cosmological constant to first-order in [Formula: see text]. Finally, we provide a mechanism which furnishes a plausible cancellation of the huge vacuum energy density.
Micromechanical Modeling for Fatigue Hysteresis Loops of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic–Matrix Composites Under Multiple Loading Stress Levels
Authors: Li Longbiao
Published: November 2015

In this paper, the fatigue hysteresis loops of fiber-reinforced ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs) under multiple loading stress levels considering interface wear have been investigated using micromechanics approach. Under fatigue loading, fiber/matrix interface shear stress decreases with the increase of cycle number due to interface wear. Upon increasing of fatigue peak stress, the interface debonded length would propagate along the fiber/matrix interface. The difference of interface shear stress existing in the new and original debonded region would affect interface debonding and interface frictional slipping between fibers and matrix. Based on the fatigue damage mechanism of fiber slipping relative to matrix in the interface debonded region upon unloading and subsequent reloading, the interface debonded length, unloading interface counter-slip length and reloading interface new-slip length are determined by fracture mechanics approach. The fatigue hysteresis loop models under multiple peak stress levels have been developed. The effects of fiber volume fraction, fatigue peak stress, matrix crack spacing, interface debonding and interface wear on interface slip and fatigue hysteresis loops have been analyzed.
The genus of the balanced hypercube
Authors: Wenmao Cairen , Hao Rong-Xia , He Weili
Published: November 2015

The balanced hypercube [Formula: see text] is a variant of the hypercube network [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is superior to [Formula: see text] because [Formula: see text] has better properties with the same number of links and processors as well as a smaller diameter. In this paper, we prove that the genus of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text].
Building a hybrid DEVS and GRASS model using a composable cellular automaton
Authors: Mayer Gary R. , Sarjoughian Hessam S.
Published: November 2015

Modeling and simulation is pervasive throughout many different disciplines. As computing technology has provided more capability, the systems being modeled and simulated have grown larger and more complex. Often times, these large systems are managed as interacting subsystems. When it is necessary for the simulation to allow disparate subsystems to maintain their independence, then a hybrid model of the subsystems should be used. Furthermore, to ease the burden of verification and validation of simulation results, a proven system theoretical modeling specification should be used. However, many communities have already adopted nonsystem theoretical software solutions and established a group of domain experts familiar with these tools. This paper provides two things: a formal approach to building a hybrid model, and a discussion of how to incorporate a nonsystem theoretical software implementation into a proven framework. The first is done through the implementation of a Knowledge Interchange Broker (KIB) as an Interaction Model (IM). The second is accomplished by exemplifying the use of the IM in an agent-environment hybrid model. In the hybrid model, the agent is implemented in the Discrete-event System (DEVS) specification and the environment is implemented in the Geographical Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) using a Composable Cellular Automaton (CCA) specification. This concept has been successfully applied to both example models and an interdisciplinary research project where the interactions between human activities and landscape processes are studied.
Regulated Control of the Assembly and Diversity of LPS by Noncoding sRNAs
Authors: Klein Gracjana , Raina Satish
Published: November 2015

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is asymmetric due to the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) facing the outer leaflet of the OM and phospholipids facing the periplasmic side. LPS is essential for bacterial viability, since it provides a permeability barrier and is a major virulence determinant in pathogenic bacteria. InEscherichia coli, several steps of LPS biosynthesis and assembly are regulated by the RpoE sigma factor and stress responsive two-component systems as well as dedicated small RNAs. LPS composition is highly heterogeneous and dynamically altered upon stress and other challenges in the environment because of the transcriptional activation of RpoE regulon members and posttranslational control by RpoE-regulated Hfq-dependent RybB and MicA sRNAs. The PhoP/Q two-component system further regulates Kdo2-lipid A modification via MgrR sRNA. Some of these structural alterations are critical for antibiotic resistance, OM integrity, virulence, survival in host, and adaptation to specific environmental niches. The heterogeneity arises following the incorporation of nonstoichiometric modifications in the lipid A part and alterations in the composition of inner and outer core of LPS. The biosynthesis of LPS and phospholipids is tightly coupled. This requires the availability of metabolic precursors, whose accumulation is controlled by sRNAs like SlrA, GlmZ, and GlmY.
New TiO2/DSAT Immobilization System for Photodegradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes
Authors: Wan Ismail Wan Izhan Nawawi , Ain S. K. , Zaharudin R. , Jawad Ali H. , Ishak M. A. M. , Ismail Khudzir , Sahid Sudirman
Published: November 2015

A new immobilized TiO2technique was prepared by coating TiO2solution onto double-sided adhesive tape (DSAT) as a thin layer binder without adding any organic additives. Glass plate was used as support material to immobilized TiO2/DSAT. Two different charges of dyes were applied, namely, anionic reactive red 4 (RR4) and cationic methylene blue (MB) dyes. Photocatalytic degradation of RR4 and MB dyes was observed under immobilized TiO2/DSAT with the degradation rate slightly lower and higher, respectively, compared with TiO2in suspension mode. It was observed that DSAT is able to provide a very strong intact between glass and TiO2layers thus making the reusability of immobilized TiO2/DSAT be up to 30 cycles. In fact, a better photodegradation activity was observed by number of cycles due to increasing formation of pores on TiO2surface observed by SEM analysis.
A Dynamic Multinode Model for Component-Oriented Thermal Analysis of Flat-Plate Solar Collectors
Authors: Reiter Christoph N. , Trinkl Christoph , Zörner Wilfried , Hanby Vic I.
Published: November 2015

A mathematical model of a flat-plate solar collector was developed on the basis of the physical principles of optics and heat transfer in order to determine collector’s component temperatures as well as collector efficiency. In contrast to many available models, the targeted use of this dynamic model is the detailed, theoretical investigation of the thermal behaviour of newly developed or adjusted collector designs on component level, for example, absorber, casing, or transparent cover. The defined model is based on a multinode network (absorber, fluid, glazing, and backside insulation) containing the relevant physical equations to transfer the energy. The heat transfer network covers heat conduction, convection, and radiation. Furthermore, the collector optics is defined for the plane glazing and the absorber surface and also considers interactions between them. The model enables the variation of physical properties considering the geometric parameters and materials. Finally, the model was validated using measurement data and existing efficiency curve models. Both comparisons proved high accuracy of the developed model with deviation of up to 3% in collector efficiency and 1 K in component temperatures.
Cystic Odontoma in a Patient with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Costa Victor , Caris Adriana Rocha , León Jorge Esquiche , Ramos Carolina Judica , Jardini Vaneska , Kaminagakura Estela
Published: November 2015

Cystic odontoma is a rare entity, which is characterized by the association of a cyst with complex/compound odontoma. The aim of this study was to report the case of a 5-year-old male patient diagnosed previously with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and treated successfully with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, who developed a mandibular odontogenic lesion. Physical examination revealed a swelling on the right side of the mandible. Radiographically, a well-defined radiolucent area surrounded by radiopaque material was observed. An incisional biopsy was performed and microscopic analysis showed a cystic lesion consisting of an atrophic epithelium comprising 2-3 cell layers and the absence of inflammation in the cystic capsule. The cyst was decompressed and the lesion was removed after 3 months of follow-up. Microscopic analysis of the surgical specimen showed a cystic hyperplastic epithelium surrounded by an intense chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, which was in close contact with mineralized tissue resembling dentin and cementum. The final diagnosis was cystic odontoma. Since chemotherapy can affect the growth and development of infant teeth, a relationship between chemotherapy-associated adverse events and cystic odontoma is suggested in the present case.
Dynamic Model of Kaplan Turbine Regulating System Suitable for Power System Analysis
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Li , Liu Dichen , Wang Jun , Zhao Yu , Liu Tian , Wang Haoyu
Published: November 2015

Accurate modeling of Kaplan turbine regulating system is of great significance for grid security and stability analysis. In this paper, Kaplan turbine regulating system model is divided into the governor system model, the blade control system model, and the turbine and water diversion system model. The Kaplan turbine has its particularity, and the on-cam relationship between the wicket gate opening and the runner blade angle under a certain water head on the whole range was obtained by high-order curve fitting method. Progressively the linearized Kaplan turbine model, improved ideal Kaplan turbine model, and nonlinear Kaplan turbine model were developed. The nonlinear Kaplan turbine model considered the correction function of the blade angle on the turbine power, thereby improving the model simulation accuracy. The model parameters were calculated or obtained by the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm. For the blade control system model, the default blade servomotor time constant given by value of one simplified the modeling and experimental work. Further studies combined with measured test data verified the established model accuracy and laid a foundation for further research into the influence of Kaplan turbine connecting to the grid.
Memory Effects on Nonlinear Temperature and Pressure Wave Propagation in the Boundary between Two Fluid-Saturated Porous Rocks
Authors: Garra R. , Salusti E. , Droghei R.
Published: November 2015

The evolution of strong transients of temperature and pressure in two adjacent fluid-saturated porous rocks is described by a Burgers equation in an early model of Natale and Salusti (1996). We here consider the effect of a realistic intermediate region between the two media and infer how transient processes can also happen, such as chemical reactions, diffusion of fine particles, and filter cake formations. This suggests enlarging our analysis and taking into account not only punctual quantities but also “time averaged” quantities. These boundary effects are here analyzed by using a “memory formalism”; that is, we replace the ordinary punctual time-derivatives with Caputo fractional time-derivatives. We therefore obtain a nonlinear fractional model, whose explicit solution is shown, and finally discuss its geological importance.
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents Mesenteric Fat Deposition and Inflammation in High‐Fat Diet Mice
Authors: Dinh Chi H. L. , Szabo Alexander , Yu Yinghua , Camer Danielle , Wang Hongqin , Huang Xu-Feng
Published: November 2015

Mesenteric fat belongs to visceral fat. An increased deposition of mesenteric fat contributes to obesity associated complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We have investigated the therapeutic effects of bardoxolone methyl (BARD) on mesenteric adipose tissue of mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J mice were administered oral BARD during HFD feeding (HFD/BARD), only fed a high‐fat diet (HFD), or fed low‐fat diet (LFD) for 21 weeks. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse mesenteric morphology and macrophages, while Western blot was used to assess the expression of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and energy expenditure proteins. Supplementation of drinking water with BARD prevented mesenteric fat deposition, as determined by a reduction in large adipocytes. BARD prevented inflammation as there were fewer inflammatory macrophages and reduced proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha). BARD reduced the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt, suggesting an antioxidative stress effect. BARD upregulates energy expenditure proteins, judged by the increased activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) proteins. Overall, BARD induces preventive effect in HFD mice through regulation of mesenteric adipose tissue.
Synthesis and Preliminary Characterization of a PPE-Type Polymer Containing Substituted Fullerenes and Transition Metal Ligation Sites
Authors: Basinger Corinne A. , Sullivan Kaitlin , Siemer Sarah , Oehrle Stuart , Walters Keith A.
Published: November 2015

A substituted fullerene was incorporated into a PPE-conjugated polymer repeat unit. This subunit was then polymerized via Sonogashira coupling with other repeat units to create polymeric systems approaching 50 repeat units (based on GPC characterization). Bipyridine ligands were incorporated into some of these repeat units to provide sites for transition metal coordination. Photophysical characterization of the absorption and emission properties of these systems shows excited states located on both the fullerene and aromatic backbone of the polymers that exist in a thermally controlled equilibrium. Future work will explore other substituted polyaromatic systems using similar methodologies.
Node Placement for Long Bounded Belt Complete 2-Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wang Tingting , Sun Yanjing , Xu Zhao , Zhai Wenyan , Zhuo Ran
Published: November 2015

Based on Isosceles Triangle (Iso-Tri) placement and the extended Equalization Strip theory, we propose an Isosceles Trapezoid complete 2-coverage (Iso-TraC2) placement method for completely covering a long bounded belt area, which requires that any point within the belt is covered by at least two nodes. Coverage density and coverage efficiency are calculated to evaluate the degree of complete coverage, which can reflect the number of nodes needed and the degree of redundancy, respectively. The extreme ratio of sensing radius to belt width is deduced when the coverage density reaches the minimal value. Results demonstrate that when a belt with widthwis given, the node sensing radiusrhad better satisfiedw<r<2wto guarantee a higher coverage efficiency and lower coverage density for bounded belt compete coverage. Mathematical analysis shows that the proposed method performs better than the existing ones with smaller nodes number and less coverage redundancy.
Redistribution of Nodes with Two Constraints in Meshless Method of Line to Time-Dependent Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Biazar Jafar , Hosami Mohammad
Published: November 2015

Meshless method of line is a powerful device to solve time-dependent partial differential equations. In integrating step, choosing a suitable set of points, such as adaptive nodes in spatial domain, can be useful, although in some cases this can cause ill-conditioning. In this paper, to produce smooth adaptive points in each step of the method, two constraints are enforced in Equidistribution algorithm. These constraints lead to two different meshes known as quasi-uniform and locally bounded meshes. These avoid the ill-conditioning in applying radial basis functions. Moreover, to generate more smooth adaptive meshes another modification is investigated, such as using modified arc-length monitor function in Equidistribution algorithm. Influence of them in growing the accuracy is investigated by some numerical examples. The results of consideration of two constraints are compared with each other and also with uniform meshes.
Comparison of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopes in Vomitus and Hematemesis Settings: A Randomized Simulation Trial
Authors: Mihara Ryosuke , Komasawa Nobuyasu , Matsunami Sayuri , Minami Toshiaki
Published: November 2015

Background.Videolaryngoscopes may not be useful in the presence of hematemesis or vomitus. We compared the utility of the Macintosh laryngoscope (McL), which is a direct laryngoscope, with that of the Pentax-AWS Airwayscope (AWS) and McGRATH MAC (McGRATH), which are videolaryngoscopes, in simulated hematemesis and vomitus settings.Methods.Seventeen anesthesiologists with more than 1 year of experience performed tracheal intubation on an adult manikin using McL, AWS, and McGRATH under normal, hematemesis, and vomitus simulations.Results.In the normal setting, the intubation success rate was 100% for all three laryngoscopes. In the hematemesis settings, the intubation success rate differed significantly among the three laryngoscopes (P=0.021). In the vomitus settings, all participants succeeded in tracheal intubation with McL or McGRATH, while five failed in the AWS trial with significant difference (P=0.003). The intubation time did not significantly differ in normal settings, while it was significantly longer in the AWS trial compared to McL or McGRATH trial in the hematemesis or vomitus settings (P<0.001, compared to McL or McGRATH in both settings).Conclusion.The performance of McGRATH and McL can be superior to that of AWS for tracheal intubation in vomitus and hematemesis settings in adults.
Neutrophilic Lung Inflammation Suppressed by Picroside II Is Associated with TGF-βSignaling
Authors: Noh Soohwan , Ahn Kyung-Seop , Oh Sei-Ryang , Kim Kyun Ha , Joo Myungsoo
Published: November 2015

Although acute lung injury (ALI) is a leading cause of death in intensive care unit, effective pharmacologic means to treat ALI patients are lacking. The rhizome ofPicrorhiza scrophulariifloraused in a traditional herbal medicine in Asian countries has been shown to have anti-inflammatory function, and picroside II (PIC II) is known as a major constituent in the plant. Here, we examined whether PIC II has an anti-inflammatory activity, which is applicable for treating ALI. We found that although it is not significantly effective in suppressing proinflammatory factor NF-κB or in activating anti-inflammatory factor Nrf2, PIC II induced the phosphorylation of Smad 2, with concomitant increase of luciferase activity from SBE luciferase reporter in RAW 264.7 cells. H&E staining of lung, differential counting of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses of lung tissues show that an intratracheal (i.t.) spraying of PIC II suppressed neutrophilic inflammation and the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes in the lung, which were elicited by an i.t. LPS instillation to the lung. In addition, PIC II treatment increased the phosphorylation of Smad 2 in the lung tissue. Together, our results suggest that PIC II plays a role as an anti-inflammatory constituent inP. scrophulariiflora, whose activity is associated at least in part with TGF-βsignaling.
Defining ATM-Independent Functions of the Mre11 Complex with a Novel Mouse Model
Authors: Balestrini Alessia , Nicolas Laura , Yang-lott Katherine , Guryanova Olga A. , Levine Ross L. , Bassing Craig H. , Chaudhuri Jayanta , Petrini John H.J.
Published: November 2015

The Mre11 complex (Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1) occupies a central node of the DNA damage response (DDR) network and is required for ATM activation in response to DNA damage. Hypomorphic alleles of MRE11 and NBS1 confer embryonic lethality in ATM-deficient mice, indicating that the complex exerts ATM-independent functions that are essential when ATM is absent. To delineate those functions, a conditional ATM allele (ATMflox) was crossed to hypomorphic NBS1 mutants (Nbs1ΔB/ΔB mice). Nbs1ΔB/ΔB Atm−/− hematopoietic cells derived by crossing to vavcre were viable in vivo. Nbs1ΔB/ΔB Atm−/− VAV mice exhibited a pronounced defect in double-strand break repair and completely penetrant early onset lymphomagenesis. In addition to repair defects observed, fragile site instability was noted, indicating that the Mre11 complex promotes genome stability upon replication stress in vivo. The data suggest combined influences of the Mre11 complex on DNA repair, as well as the responses to DNA damage and DNA replication stress.

Implications: A novel mouse model was developed, by combining a vavcre-inducible ATM knockout mouse with an NBS1 hypomorphic mutation, to analyze ATM-independent functions of the Mre11 complex in vivo. These data show that the DNA repair, rather than DDR signaling functions of the complex, is acutely required in the context of ATM deficiency to suppress genome instability and lymphomagenesis. Mol Cancer Res; 14(2); 185–95. ©2015 AACR.
Lectotypification of Dioscorea vexans (Dioscoreaceae), an endemic and rare species from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Pagare Ravikiran S. , WILSON ARISDASON , SELLAPPAN KRISHNAN , Janarthanam MALAPATI K.
Published: November 2015

Dioscorea Linnaeus (1753: 1032) is represented by ca. 616 species worldwide (eMonocot, 2015). Prain & Burkill (1936, 1938) reported ca. 50 species from India, while Karthikeyan et al. (1989) in their ‘Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae’ listed 30 species and 27 varieties. However, only 29 species and 2 varieties have been recognized now as the number of accepted taxa from India (eMonocot, 2015). During the course of herbarium consultation as part of a taxonomic study of the genus Dioscorea in the northern Western Ghats, we came across type specimens of Dioscorea vexans Prain & Burkill (1908: 456), housed at CAL, and also images of some of the type specimens in the Herbarium Catalogue, Kew (http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000098220; K000098221 and K000098222). As no holotype was indicated by the authors in the protologue, and no lectotype has since been designated, the specimens are considered syntypes, and thus the name has to be lectotypified in accordance with Article 9.2 of the Melbourne Code (McNeill et al. 2012). The lectotype has been selected among the existing syntypes, and designated here for D. vexans.
Character Reconstruction in the New Testament (1): The Theory
Authors: Bennema Cornelis
Published: November 2015

This article, and its sequel ‘Character Reconstruction in the New Testament (2): The Practice’, explore how character can be reconstructed from the New Testament text. There is no consensus about the approach to character in either literary theory or biblical studies. The dominant view is that most New Testament characters are like ancient Graeco-Roman stock characters. This article challenges such an understanding and instead offers a comprehensive, non-reductionist theory for the analysis, classification, and evaluation of characters in New Testament narrative. The subsequent article will show how the theory works in practice.
The Prophet Like Moses (Deut. 18:15–18) and the Woman at the Well (John 4:7–30) in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls
Authors: An Hannah S.
Published: November 2015

The encounter between Jesus and the Samaritan woman of Sychar recorded in John 4:7–30 foregrounds the concept of the Messiah as an eschatological Mosaic prophet (Deut. 18:15–18). Little attention, however, has been directed to the significance of the water imagery in the Gospel’s narrative unit to Jesus’ claim to be the Mosaic Messiah. Through a comparative study with the Dead Sea Scrolls, this paper claims that the Gospel’s dual witness to Jesus as the provider of the eternal well of living water and as the ‘prophet like Moses’ (Deut. 18:15–18) is not incidental but essential to reinforcing the coherence of the narrative section in John 4:7–30. This observation is supported by intriguing parallels observed in the Dead Sea Scrolls, which preserve evidence for the intertextual association between the prophet like Moses of Deut. 18:15–18 and the eschatological figure traceable in Joel 2:23 (cf. Hos. 10:12), in which water imagery comes to the fore. This understanding, in turn, illuminates subtle ambiguities in the interchange between Jesus and the Samaritan woman (John 4:7–30), including her apparently unanswered request for living water (v. 15) and her recognition of Jesus as ‘a prophet’ (v. 19).