bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilingualism: Diglossia and Code-Switching to Indonesian Scholars
Authors: Arjulayana Arjulayana
Published: March 2019

Code switching and Diglossia’s population can be found in variety places, both formal and informal places. This paper is aimed to report the data analysis relate with diglossia and code switching which is happen to Indonesian Scholar. For many reasons diglossia and code switching are parts of language varieties, and as the unique Indonesian characteristics, because not all countries are getting diglossia phenomenon. It happened only for country that has high and low languages use in their daily interaction. This belief assumes that diglossia and code switching as the varieties of language can be adapted to foster learner’s ability, creativity, and awareness in practicing their language. The study is uses qualitative approach, with descriptive analysis. The purposive sampling is used to gain the data, with 5 questions in short answer form, and 5 questions with close ended question-answer to 16 higher students of 2nd semester from University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta majoring of religious education department. This research uses triangulation to know the validity of the data. The result of this research shows; firstly, bilingualism is a language varieties and happened in Indonesia with highest code-switching population can advocate Indonesia scholar to conserve one of local wisdom, and language varieties.  Secondly, bilingual is familiar to Indonesian Scholar, because most of Indonesian scholars have their own local language. This also shown from their status in some social medias, way of interact; daily language uses, and etc. Thirdly, practicing bilingual is fun, and it could be good habit for them, because in special condition, sometimes their own language helps them to melt the situation in conversation context
Prescriptivism vs. Descriptivism; Defining the students’ need in Standardized Language Proficiency Tests
Authors: Hamka Nurhadi
Published: March 2019

The debate between prescriptivists and descriptivist continuous to date, which interestingly affects the way the standardized language proficiency tests (should) work. The notion of correctness in such high stakes test raters attracts more attention in relation to fairness of using specific criterion in the assessment. The present paper discusses the belief of prescriptivism and contrasts it with the view of descriptivist – especially to what actually occurs in the Teaching English as a Foreign/Second Language. Therefore, the paper clarifies whether prescriptionist features are prominent in the learner approximations and need to be taught explicitly, and clarifies whether the learner errors encompass other elements and describing the target language to the learners is more important. There are four prescriptivist pronouncements discussed – splitting infinitive, stranding preposition, the use of will and shall, and the use of who and whom. The study found that there are two pronouncements that break the rule. Therefore, English practitioners – teachers, should ‘open’ themselves to both views and able explain explicitly to the students both historical overview and its standing position of the views to date. As for assessor, a tendency of using the exact, predictable, and stable rule are indeed significantly important. They, however, also need to realize the inevitable evolution of language and in that regard descriptivist should not receive any false judgement especially in the high stakes test.
Classification of generic system dynamics model outputs via supervised time series pattern discovery
Authors: EDALI MERT , BAYDOĞAN MUSTAFA GÖKÇE , YÜCEL GÖNENÇ
Published: March 2019

System dynamics (SD) is a simulation-based approach for analyzing feedback-rich systems. An ideal SD modeling cycle requires evaluating the qualitative pattern characteristics of a large set of time series model output for testing, validation, scenario analysis, and policy analysis purposes. This traditionally requires expert judgement, which limits the extent of experimentation due to time constraints. Although time series recognition approaches can help to automate such an evaluation, utilization of them has been limited to a hidden Markov model classifier, namely the Indirect Structure Testing Software (ISTS) algorithm. Despite being used within several automated model-analysis tools, ISTS has several shortcomings. In that respect, we propose an interpretable time series classification algorithm for the SD field, which also addresses the shortcomings of ISTS. Our approach, which can highlight the regions of a certain time series that are influential in the class assignment, is an extension of the symbolic multivariate time series approach with the use of a local importance measure. We compare the performance of the proposed approach against both ISTS and nearest-neighbor (NN) classifiers. Our experiments on a SD-specific application show that the proposed approach outperforms ISTS as well as conventional NN classifiers on both noisy and nonnoisy datasets. Additionally, its class assignments are interpretable as opposed to the other approaches considered in the experiments.
Measurement of network-based and random meetings in social networks
Authors: NERURKAR Pranav , CHANDANE MADHAV , BHIRUD SUNIL
Published: March 2019

Social networks are created by the underlying behavior of the actors involved in them. Each actor has interactions with other actors in the network and these interactions decide whether a social relationship should develop between them. Such interactions may occur due to meeting processes such as chance-based meetings or network-based (choice) meetings. Depending upon which of these two types of interactions plays a greater role in creation of links, a social network shall evolve accordingly. This evolution shall result in the social network obtaining a suitable structure and certain unique features. The aim of this work is to determine the relative ratio of the meeting processes that exist between different actors in a social network and their importance in understanding the procedure of network formation. This is achieved by selecting a suitable network genesis model. For this purpose, different models for network genesis are discussed in detail and their differences are highlighted through experimental results. Network genesis models are compared and contrasted with other approaches available in the literature, such as simulation-based models and block models. Performance measures to compare the results of the network genesis models with baselines are statistics of networks recreated using the models. The socially generated networks studied here belong to various domains like e- commerce, electoral processes, social networking websites, peer to peer file-sharing websites, and Internet graphs. The insights obtained after analyzing these datasets by network genesis models are used for prescribing measures that could ensure continuous growth of these social networks and improve the benefits for the actors involved in them.
Influência da resistência ao rolamento no desempenho de velocidade no rúgbi em cadeiras de rodas independente da classificação funcional
Authors: Oliveira Saulo Fernandes Melo de , Oliveira Lúcia Inês , Costa Manoel
Published: March 2019

Nosso objetivo foi verificar as possíveis associações entre o desempenho de velocidade e a resistência ao rolamento (RROL) em atletas de rúgbi em cadeiras de rodas. Dessa forma, 16 jogadores foram avaliados nos próprios locais de treinamento das equipes. Foram coletados o peso dos sujeitos e das cadeiras de rodas, a RROL por um procedimento de campo e a velocidade pelo protocolo de sprint de 20 metros. Os dados foram analisados por meio de procedimentos de correlação de Pearson, correlação parcial e regressão linear simples. Os resultados demonstraram que há uma correlação negativa e significativa entre RROL, o desempenho no teste de velocidade de 20 metros (r= -0,825, p<0,001; R2= 0,680, p<0,001), e a potência propulsiva em 20 metros (r= 0,960, p<0,001; R2= 0,922, p<0,001). Após controle pela classificação funcional e a idade dos atletas, verificou-se que a RROL permaneceu correlacionando-se negativamente com o desempenho de velocidade (r= -0,790, p=0,001; R2= 0,624), e positivamente com a potência propulsiva (r= 0,963, p<0,001; R2= 0,928). Conclui-se que a RROL pode constituir-se em um elemento importante para controle do desempenho de velocidade no rúgbi em cadeiras de rodas, independente da classe funcional e da idade do atleta.
Práticas avaliativas de professores de educação física: inventariando possibilidades
Authors: Santos Wagner Dos , Vieira Aline De Oliveira , Stieg Ronildo , Mathias Bruna Jéssica , Cassani Juliana Martins
Published: March 2019

Objetiva apresentar e analisar possibilidades concretas de práticas avaliativas para a Educação Física escolar. Assume, como abordagem teórico-metodológica, a narrativa (auto)biográfica e possui como colaboradoras duas professoras de Educação Física. Tem como fontes: registros avaliativos produzidos com as crianças (desenhos, fotografias, letras de músicas) e narrativas das professoras. Os resultados evidenciam que uma professora tem se fundamentado em uma avaliação para a aprendizagem dos alunos, inventariando instrumentos que lhe possibilitaram compreender as apropriações dos alunos dos saberes específicos da Educação Física; e outra professora centraliza a sua avaliação nas práticas de ensino e de aprendizagem, produzindo instrumentos que permitiram a autoavaliação dos envolvidos.
Comparação das características da braçada no nado crawl em piscina e em banco simulador de nado
Authors: Piovezan Hayanne Larissa Lacerda , Santos Karini Borges dos , Rodacki André Luis Felix
Published: March 2019

O banco de nado tem sido utilizado como treinamento complementar na natação, todavia, não há estudos que analisem tridimensionalmente a especificidade do movimento aplicado por este simulador terrestre de nado. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar as características da braçada no nado crawl e em banco de nado, assim como a simetria de movimento. Dez nadadores (16 ± 1,4 anos) foram filmados em uma condição real de nado (50m) e uma simulação da braçada em banco de nado (30s) pela utilização de quatro câmeras GoPro Hero 4. Dimensões da braçada, velocidade da mão na fase subaquática e deslocamento do quadril foram analisados. Comparação entre testes e simetria de lados foi realizada por uma ANOVA two-way de medidas repetidas e frequência de braçada entre os testes foi analisada pelo test t de Student. Os nadadores foram simétricos em ambas às condições o que indica alto controle corporal e proficiência. As dimensões da braçada diferiram entre testes, explicado principalmente pela limitação de deslocamento, giro do tronco e quadril no banco de nado. A frequência de braçada e o padrão da velocidade subaquática da mão foram similares (p>0,05) e justificam parcialmente o uso deste equipamento como treinamento complementar no seco para a modalidade, avaliação e acompanhamento de desempenho dos atletas.
Respostas cardiovasculares após exercício isométrico com handgrip em diferentes intensidades
Authors: Silva Igor Marcelino , Sobrinho Matheus Ferreira Leonardo , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes , Sobral Brunno Phellype Silveira Valença , Pirauá André Luiz Torres , Oliveira Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório de , Farah Breno Quintella
Published: March 2019

Embora o exercício isométrico esteja sendo usada para redução da pressão arterial (PA). Os estudos são divergentes quantos aos efeitos agudos, que é uma medida de risco cardiovascular, além de não ser conhecido os efeitos da intensidade do exercício.Analisar as respostas cardiovasculares aguda após exercício isométrico com handgrip com diferentes intensidades. Fizeram parte deste estudo cross-over, 23 homens saudáveis, os quais foram submetidos, a três sessões experimentais: 4x2 minutos de contração a 30% (S30) e 50% (S50) da contração voluntária máxima e controle (SC). A PA e os parâmetros da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca do domínio do tempo (SDNN, RMSSD e PNN50) e da frequência (LF, HF e LF/HF) foram obtidos antes e após 30 minutos das sessões. Não foram observadas diferenças significantes na PA sistólica (S50:115±9vs.117±9 mmHg; S30:112±10vs.114±9 mmHg; SC:115±9vs.113±8 mmHg, p>0,05) e diastólica (S50:61±5vs.65±5 mmHg; S30:60±4vs.63±6 mmHg; SC:62±8vs.63±8 mmHg, p>0,05). Após a S50, houve menor aumento do PNN50 (S50:+1±5; S30:+7±7;SC:+6±8%, p=0,012) e maior aumento do LF/HF (S50:+1,59±2,55;S30:-0,49±1,84;SC:+0,37±1,49, p=0,049) comparado as demais sessões. Após a realização do exercício isométrico, não houve alterações pressóricas, enquanto que o exercício com maior intensidade gerou aumento da modulação simpática e redução da modulação parassimpática após exercício.
Intervenções com profissionais de saúde da atenção primária sobre aconselhamento à atividade física: revisão sistemática
Authors: Häfele Vítor , Siqueira Fernando Vinholes
Published: March 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as intervenções realizadas com profissionais de saúde na atenção primária com o foco no aumento do aconselhamento à prática de atividade física. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus, SciELO e Bireme, com as seguintes palavras-chave: primary health care; intervention; physical activity; exercise; health promotion; counseling; advice; health professionals; health workers. Foram incluídos oito estudos, sendo a maioria de metodologia quantitativa e publicado na última década. As intervenções foram realizadas em três países, com amostras heterogêneas de profissionais de saúde e usuários da atenção primária. Quanto ao efeito da intervenção sobre o aumento do aconselhamento à atividade física, metade dos estudos mostrou ser positivo, enquanto a outra metade não apresentou diferença. Os resultados apresentam que ainda são poucas as intervenções com profissionais de saúde na atenção primária relacionadas ao aconselhamento à atividade física e metade delas mostraram efeito positivo. São necessárias novas intervenções abrangendo diferentes profissionais da saúde em um número maior de unidades de saúde.
The influence of selenium on selected heavy metals cumulation in Oyster mushroom fruiting bodies
Authors: Golian Marcel , Hegedűsová Alžbeta , Trochcová Marianna , Maťová Adriána , Šlosár Miroslav
Published: March 2019

Food safety is a very frequent topic. The article deals with the problems of fortification of the most grown mushroom in Slovakia, and the 3rd most grown mushroom in the world, Pleurotus ostreatus. Due to the high environmental pollution of soils and air, there is a risk of the production of dangerous fruiting bodies with high heavy metals content. It is known that these substances can promote serious health effects on human body, such as bone weakness or kidney damages (cadmium) and negative process of cognitive developing (lead). The experiment was focused on biofortification with selenium to reduce the accumulation of selected heavy metals (lead, cadmium) in oyster mushroom, grown with intensive cultivation under artificial conditions. This work confirms that the application of sodium selenate to the growing substrate with straw as the main component can reduce the accumulation of cadmium (by 22.45%) and lead (by 64.81%). Research by various authors reported the ability of the oyster mushroom to embed selenium from the substrate into the fruiting bodies. Based on the results of the experiments, we propose to fortify the growing substrate for the production of oyster mushroom by selenium. This way we produce a food with a high antioxidant potential.
An Exploratory Study of the Factors Affecting Labor-Management Relations in the Context of Employee Satisfaction within Garments Industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammed S. , Amin Nurul , Alam Zahurul
Published: March 2019

The study examined the factors that affected Labor-Management Relations in the context of employees’ satisfaction in Garments Industry of Bangladesh. The data for the study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources relied on interview method with the help of a structured questionnaire for self-guidance. All hypotheses were tested using regression analysis and Pearson correlations controlling for background variables of gender, marital status, and age. The study revealed that all dimensions of labor-management relations were positively and significantly correlated to employee satisfaction and overall labor-management relations. Implications, limitations, and directions for further research were discussed.
The effect of emotional intelligence intervention on nursing students’ practice and patients’ clinical outcomes at burn intensive care unit
Authors: Al-Metyazidy Heba A. , Abd El-Ghafar Souzan Abd El-Menem , Weheida Soheir M.
Published: March 2019

Background and objective: Emotional intelligence in nursing practice helps students better deal with clinical pressures and communicates effectively with patients. Therefore, developing students' emotional maturity may seem more important than their physical responsibilities. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of emotional intelligence intervention on nursing students’ practice and their reflections on patients’ clinical outcomes at burn intensive care unit.Methods: This study was carried out in the Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University and Burn Intensive Care Unit at Tanta Emergency Hospital. A quasi experimental research design was utilized in the current study. A convenience sample of 120 undergraduate second year nursing students who studied critical care nursing course at academic year 2017-2018 were selected. They were divided into two equal groups, 60 students in each group as follows: Group I: Students were exposed to emotional intelligence intervention and clinical procedures. Group II: Students were exposed to clinical procedures only. In addition, a convenience sample of 60 adult critically patients with severe burn injury were selected and divided into two equal groups, 30 in each group as follow: Group I: Patients were exposed to intervention from nursing students who were undergoing emotional intelligence intervention during clinical procedures. Group II: Patients were exposed to intervention from nursing students who were trained on clinical procedures only. Three tools were used to collect the study data. Tool I: Emotional Intelligence Scale, Tool II: Nursing student's: observational checklist, and Tool III: Critically ill patient with severe burn injury’s clinical outcomes assessment.Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in the total practice mean score level among nursing students in group I than group II. Also, patients who received care from group I showed improvement in physical and psychological outcome compared to students in group II.Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that, merging emotional intelligence into practice is a favorable method which provides the undergraduate nursing students with a higher level of practice regarding burn intensive care unit. Students who acquired intelligence practice had a statistical significant effect on improving psychological and physical outcomes of patients with severe burn injury than nursing students who are not exposed to such emotional intelligence intervention during clinical practice. Recommendation: The emotional intelligence should be incorporated into the critical care nursing course and training the students’ about the appropriate way of implementation to improve their knowledge and practice and improve patients’ clinical outcomes.
Improving Teaching Style with Dialogic Classroom Teaching Reform in a Chinese High School
Authors: Kang Xiaojin , Han Jing
Published: March 2019

Lively and effective classroom instruction is an important feature of quality schools. Recently, the lead author's schoolhas launched a reform of classroom teaching methods to implement a dialogic model. The dialogic model, taking cuesfrom constructivist learning theories and Manabu Sato, expects educators to promote multiple kinds of classroomdialogue, including teacher-student dialogue, student-text dialogue, student-student dialogue, and self-reflectivedialogue. The reform efforts of the school are all-encompassing and include changes to teacher training, classroomobservation and teaching evaluation, lesson planning, classroom activities, homework, and testing. This reform ismeant to improve teaching quality, enhance the classroom environment, and bring about better critical thinkingoutcomes in the students. The following text chronicles the details of this reform in a large senior high school in aChinese metropolis, and the first attempts by teachers at the school to implement new dialogic teaching techniques.The preliminary analysis finds evidence of positive effects on student engagement, confidence, and motivation usingdialogic teaching techniques.
Portrait Extraction Algorithm Based on Face Detection and Image Segmentation
Authors: Yang Chongyi , Huang Wanyu , Zhang Ruoqi , Kong Rui
Published: March 2019

Aiming to solve a series of problems in photo collection over citizen’s license, this paper proposes Portrait Extraction Algorithm over our face based on facial detection technology and state-of-the-art image segmentation algorithm. Considering an input image where the foreground stands a man with unfixed size and its background is all sorts of complicated background, firstly we use Haar&Adaboost facial detection algorithm as a preprocessing method so as to divide the image into different sub-systems, and we get a fix-sized image of human face. Then we use GrabCut and closed-form algorithm to segment the preprocessed image and output an image which satisfies our requirements (i.e. the fixed size and fixed background). Up to now the GrabCut and closed-form algorithm has been realized, both of which have its own advantages and shortages.
Secure Multi-User k-Means Clustering Based on Encrypted IoT Data
Authors: Li Yanling , Wang Chuansheng , Wang Qi , Dai Jieling , Zhao Yushan
Published: March 2019

IoT technology collects information from a lot of clients, which may relate to personal privacy. To protect the privacy, the clients would like to encrypt the raw data with their own keys before uploading. However, to make use of the information, the data mining technology with cloud computing is used for the knowledge discovery. Hence, it is an emergent issue of how to effectively performing data mining algorithm on the encrypted data. In this paper, we present a k-means clustering scheme with multi-user based on the IoT data. Although, there are many privacy-preserving k-means clustering protocols, they rarely focus on the situation of encrypting with different public keys. Besides, the existing works are inefficient and impractical. The scheme we propose in this paper not only solves the problem of evaluation on the encrypted data under different public keys but also improves the efficiency of the algorithm. It is semantic security under the semi-honest model according to our theoretical analysis. At last, we evaluate the experiment based on a real dataset, and comparing with previous works, the result shows that our scheme is more efficient and practical.
Possibility of Using Solar Energy for the Creation of Carbon Neutral Hotels in Mediterranean Countries
Authors: Vourdoubas John
Published: March 2019

Mitigation of climate change requires the increased use of renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels in all sectors. Hotel buildings utilize large amounts of energy consuming mainly electricity while the use of renewable energy sources is rather limited. Solar energy is abundant in the Mediterranean basin and it is currently used for heat and electricity generation in many applications. Various solar energy technologies are mature, reliable and cost-effective. Use of solar thermal energy, and solar photovoltaic energy combined with the use of high efficiency heat pumps, can cover all the energy needs for domestic hot water, space cooling and electricity in summer-operating hotels in the Mediterranean region. A summer-operating hotel located in Crete, Greece with a covered surface of 3000 m2 has a specific annual energy consumption of 150 KWh/m2. The capital cost of the required sustainable energy systems for covering all the annual energy requirements in the hotel including a solar thermal system with flat plate collectors, a solar photovoltaic system with crystalline-Si modulus and high efficiency heat pumps has been estimated at 95.7 €/m2 while the annual CO2 savings due to the use of benign energy systems in the hotel have been calculated at 68 kgCO2/m2. It is concluded that the use of solar energy technologies in summer-operating hotels in the Mediterranean region could cover all their energy requirements, while it is technically feasible, economically profitable and environmentally desirable.
Thin Layer Drying and Modelling of Poultry Litter Briquettes
Authors: Molefe Mogomotsi J. , Simate Isaac N.
Published: March 2019

Drying is an energy consuming process influenced by humidity, air velocity and temperature and is defined as a heat conveyance process wherein the product is heated hence removing moisture. Thin layer drying equations are used to estimate drying times of products and generalizing their drying curves. In this study, mathematical modelling and prediction of drying behavior of poultry litter briquettes (PLB) was investigated through open sun drying (OSD) and solar tunnel drying for moisture content (MC) calculations. A solar tunnel dryer (STD) having a: black painted collector unit, drying unit and black painted vertical bare flat-plate chimney was used. MC results were converted to moisture ratio and fitted into 12 different thin layer drying models, using Microsoft Office Excel, which were compared according to their coefficients of determination to estimate drying curves of PLB. The most accurate model was selected based on three statistical parameters: correlation coefficient (R2), chi-squared (χ2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Solar insolation of between 220 and 1005 W/m2 resulted in air temperature of up to 64oC at the collector unit, up to 60oC at the drying unit and an ambient temperature of up to 31oC. Exposure of PLB with an average initial MC of 61% (w.b.) to these conditions resulted in a final MC in a range of 0.2-11.2% (w.b.) in 31-55 hours. PLB was dried to similar final weight from whichever drying method although OSD took longer than STD. The Logarithmic model was found to satisfactorily describe the drying curves of PLB with R2 of 9.93E-01-9.99E-01; χ2 of 1.36E-11-6.50E-14; and RMSE of 2.94E-02-1.30E-02.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 8 No. 2
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: March 2019

Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jfr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.

Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 2

 

Anna Iwaniak, Warmia and Mazury University, Poland

Antonello Santini, University of Napoli "Federico II", Italy

Bülent Ergönül, Celal Bayar University, Turkey

Cheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, USA

Corina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Romania

Elsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária (INIA), Portugal

Essence Jeanne Picones Logan, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

J. Basilio Heredia, Research Center for Food and Development, Mexico

Luis Patarata, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal

Marco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Italy

Mariana de Lourdes Almeida Vieira, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Brazil

Palmiro Poltronieri, National Research Council of Italy, Italy

Qinlu Lin, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, China

Shao Quan Liu, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Vasudha Bansal, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), India

Yong Yang, University of Maryland, USA
Implication of Reducing the Angle at the Centre to 10-n to the Relationship Between the Regular Polygon and the Circle Circumscribing the Polygon
Authors: Erasmus Kwenge , Peter Mwewa
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between the regular polygon and the circle circumscribing it. The study revealed that the circle is a special polygon if the angle at the centre is reduced to 10^-n where n is the number of decimal places of the angle at the centre of the polygon after finding the sum of areas of the triangles in the regular polygon. It was also discovered that if the angle at the centre of the polygon is reduced to 10-n and has same number of decimal places as π, then the circle circumscribing it would have the same area with the polygon if the two answers are rounded off to (n – 3) decimal places and a polygon with infinite number of sides is a circle. This relationship also proved that π = sin θ (1.8 x 10^n + 2) where n is the number of decimal places of π.
The reasons for providing HIV testing in patients with newly-diagnosed HIV infection in Lodz region, Poland in the years 2009-2017
Authors: Wójcik-Cichy Kamila , Piekarska Anna , Jabłonowska Elżbieta
Published: March 2019

Early diagnosis increases life expectancy in HIV-infected patients.
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for HIV testing in newly-diagnosed patients with HIV registered in Lodz, Poland in years 2009-2017. The study examines also whether HIV testing was performed following the recommendation of physicians or at the request of patients.
Results: The study group consisted of 401 (83.72%) males and 78 (16.28%) females. The median age at the moment of diagnosis was 33 years (LQ 27-UQ 40). In total, 285 (62.91%) patients were late presenters. Clinical indications constituted the main reason for undergoing HIV testing and were reported in 228 out of 479 patients (47.59%) including AIDS-defining diseases were a reason for HIV testing in 105 patients. Thirty-four patients underwent HIV testing following diagnosis of sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs); in 91.18% of these cases the STDs was syphilis. However, high-risk sexual contact was the main reason for HIV testing in asymptomatic patients (160 of 257 cases; 62.27%). Patients in the non-AIDS group were significantly more likely to take the initiative to order an HIV test than patients in the AIDS group (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: In conclusion, in the Lodz region, patients with HIV infection are most commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage of infection. This may be associated with the low number of HIV tests performed following the doctors recommendation.
Die Prioritätensetzung der Europäischen Kommission beim Aufgreifen kartellrechtlicher Fälle
Authors: Kreifels Stephan
Published: March 2019

The European Commission has wide discretion in granting priority to individual cases as it can decide whether to target a case and initiate proceedings or not. This power to grant priority to an individual case plays an important role as it has a crucial impact on the application of European antitrust law.
What defines good prioritisation criteria? What are the cases the Commission grants priority to?
In this study, the author examines these questions by analysing the Commission’s decisions to reject formal complaints (rejection decisions). On the basis of these decisions, the author draws conclusions as to how the Commission grants priority to individual cases. He assesses these findings on the basis of certain criteria and, inter alia, shows that the Commission neglects its role as a pioneer at times. Moreover, he points out that its handling of complaints could be more efficient.
Moral polarization and out-party hostility in the US political context
Authors: Tappin Ben M. , McKay Ryan T.
Published: March 2019

Affective polarization describes the phenomenon whereby people identifying as Republican or Democrat tend to view opposing partisans negatively and co-partisans positively. Though extensively studied, there remain important gaps in scholarly understanding of affective polarization. In particular, (a) how it relates to the distinct behavioural phenomena of in-party “love” vs. out-party hostility; and (b) to what extent it reflects a generalized evaluative disparity between partisans vs. a domain-specific disparity in evaluation. We report the results of an investigation that bears on both of these questions. Specifically, drawing on recent trends in political science and psychology, we hypothesize that moral polarization—the tendency to view opposing partisans’ moral character negatively, and co-partisans’ moral character positively—will be associated with behavioural hostility towards the out-party. We test this hypothesis in two preregistered studies comprising behavioural measures and large convenience samples of US partisans (combined N = 1354). Our results strike an optimistic chord: Taken together, they suggest that this association is probably small and somewhat tenuous. Though moral polarization itself was large—perhaps exceeding prior estimates of trait affective polarization—even the most morally polarized partisans appeared reluctant to engage in a mild form of out-party hostility. These findings converge with recent evidence that polarization—moral or otherwise—has yet to translate into the average US partisan wanting to express hostile and directly discriminatory behaviour toward their out-party counterparts.
Discarding used organic samples in a forensic lab
Authors: Fonseca Claudia , Grazinoli Garrido Rodrigo
Published: March 2019

In this article we explore the relational materiality of fragments of human
cadavers used to produce DNA profiles of the unidentified dead at a forensic
genetics police laboratory in Rio de Janeiro. Our point of departure is an
apparently simple problem: how to discard already tested materials in order to
open up physical space for incoming tissue samples. However, during our study we
found that transforming human tissues and bone fragments into disposable trash
requires a tremendous institutional investment of energy, involving negotiations
with public health authorities, criminal courts and public burial grounds. The
dilemma confronted by the forensic genetic lab suggests not only how some
fragments are endowed with more personhood than others, but also how the very
distinction between human remains and trash depends on a patchwork of multiple
logics that does not necessarily perform according to well-established or
predictable scripts.
Characterization of indole-3-acetic acid in cambial zone tissue by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dezena Renan Marcel Bonilha , Mauri Renata , Barros Fabio Alessandro Proença , Rosa Paulo César Pires
Published: March 2019

The developmental plasticity of plants according to changes in their growth conditions is mediated by signaling molecules called hormones. The major classes of plant hormones are auxin, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Among these, the most important is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Quantification of IAA in an extract of approximately 10 mg obtained from the cambial zone of Eucalyptus leaves was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS/MS). The leaves were extracted using acetone, and the extract was analyzed using a reverse-phase column (Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with gradient elution of an aqueous mobile phase (containing 0.1% formic acid) with methanol. This gradient elution provided an excellent performance in terms of specificity/selectivity, linearity, precision, and ruggedness/stability. In addition, the run time was short (6 min), with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99) in the range of 10–70 ng/mL. The structure of IAA was elucidated using UPLC/ESIMS/MS, operating and quantifying in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.
La Cartografia Idrogeologica d’Italia alla scala 1:50.000: l’esempio della Carta Idrogeologica dell’area del Foglio n.348 Antrodoco
Authors: Martarelli Lucio , Monti Gennaro Maria , Silvi Angelantonio , Gafà Rossella Maria
Published: March 2019

Nel volume 103 delle Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d’Italia è stata recentemente pubblicata la Carta Idrogeologica dell’area del Foglio n. 348 Antrodoco (Conte et al. 2018; il link per scaricare il lavoro è riportato in bibliografia), realizzata quale prodotto ad integrazione del Progetto CARG (Cartografia Geologica e Geotematica d’Italia alla scala 1:50.000) [...].
ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE INTERIOR DESIGN - THE CHALLENGES AND TRENDS
Authors: Pertičević Milena , Milkić Nebojša
Published: March 2019

In recent years, sustainable development has become a focal point for various fields of engineering design. A relatively novel concept of green architecture and eco-friendly interior design presents a new approach which is in accordance with the environmental safety concerns. This concept offers a starting point in search for adequate sollutions for a number of sustainability issues that contemporary communities are facing today.
Key words: sustainable architecture, sustainable interior design, eco-design, eco-friendly architecture, environmental safety.
Shopping Motives, Mall Attractiveness, and Visiting Patterns in Shopping Malls in the Middle East: A Segmentation Approach
Authors: Koksal Haluk
Published: March 2019

Middle Eastern consumers change their shopping behaviors in line with developments in global markets. Large-scale Western-style malls with various well-known stores, shops, and cafes and restaurants have become shopping and attraction spaces. The purpose of the study is to segment Lebanese customers based on mall shopping motives. The data in the study were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed in the main shopping malls of the Lebanese capital, Beirut. A total of 300 mall customers were interviewed at mall exits. Respondents were intercepted by employing simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor and cluster analyses. This study revealed three main shopping motives: hedonic, efficiency, and accomplishment. It also identified three mall shopper segments: hedonists, achievers, and efficient shoppers. Each segment was also profiled in terms of mall attributes, visiting patterns, and demographics. The study clearly indicated significant differences among those segments. The study findings further indicated that the characteristics of different mall customer segments in Lebanon are in line with the studies conducted in other countries, although there are significant differences among the clusters. Identifying mall shopping motives and segmenting customers on those motives enables mall managers to develop appropriate retailing strategies to satisfy each segment.

Keywords: Mall shopping motivations, Shopping outcomes, Mall visiting patterns, Cluster analysis, Lebanon.

To cite this document:

Mehmet Haluk Koksal, " Shopping Motives, Mall Attractiveness, and Visiting Patterns in Shopping Malls in the Middle East: A Segmentation Approach", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.15, No.1, pp.1-23, 2019.

Permanent link to this document:

https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18625
Effect of Maize –Legume Intercrop and Fertilizer on Weed Suppression and Maize Performance in South Eastern, Nigeria
Authors: Esther Akpa, Ogonnaya , Udensi Udensi Ekea , Sunday Omovbude, , Amadi Orluchukwu, Joseph
Published: March 2019

Maize is one of the most commonly cultivated arable crops in the rain forest zone of South Eastern Nigeria. Globally soil fertility and weed pressure are the most important constraints limiting increase productivity of Maize especially in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Unavailability and cost of inorganic fertilizer as well as cost of labour for weeding have engendered low productivity of maize. Hence this trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of maize-legume systems on weed suppression and maize performance. The trial was carried out at the Teaching   and Research  Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria located within latitude 04°54’N and longitude 6°55’ E). The trial was conducted between April 4th and July 5th, 2017. The experiment was a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of 3 types of legume systems (Mucuna pruriens, Lablab purpurens and No legume) and three levels of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer (0, 15, and 30 kg NPK/ha). The 9 treatment combinations were replicated thrice to give 27 plots.  Data collected were on maize yield and yield components, weed and legume parameters at 4, 8 and 16 weeks after sowing (WAS). Result showed that legume significantly reduced weed biomass when compared to the natural fallow. The effect of weed biomass reduction was Mucuna 34.8% >Lablab 29.2%. The legume system significantly suppressed weed compared to natural fallow and the weed suppression ability average 56% and 30% respectively for Mucuna and Lablab whether or not they received NPK. Result of this trial also revealed that within 8 weeks after sowing legumes (8 WASL) 26% N and 22% N can be harvested by integrating this legume cover in cropping system and that NPK application has little or no effect in the performance of these legumes. Mucuna was not sensitive to fertilizer application while Lablab responded to fertilizer application. Maize was sensitive to Mucuna due to early integration; hence, it is recommended that these legumes be integrated at six weeks after sowing maize.
Coastal Vulnerability Mapping using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Tuticorin Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kumar B. Santhosh , Balukkarasu A. , Tamilarasan K.
Published: March 2019

The southern part of the Indian peninsula of Tamil Nadu coast is potentially more vulnerable to hazards. This research aims to classify the coastal vulnerable zones of the Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu using Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI). The multi-spectral satellite data of Landsat series was used for shoreline change analysis from 1978 to 2017. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software extension was used to calculate the shoreline rate-of-change statistics from multiple historic shoreline positions developed by the United States Geological Survey. The study reveals significant erosion and accretion demarcated based on DSAS computed values along the coastal stretch. The six physical variables characterizing the vulnerability of the coast, including the geomorphology, shoreline change rate (m/yr), coastal slope (deg), relative sea-level change (mm/yr), mean wave height (m) and mean tide range (m). The geomorphology map was created using Landsat OLI satellite data in 1: 50,000 scale. The Shoreline change rate was calculated using temporal satellite data. Based on the CVI value, low vulnerable to very high vulnerable areas were identified. Besides, Vembar, Periyasamypuram, Vaippar, Kallurni, Pattanamarudur areas were identified in erosion. The Muttayyapuram coast has accretion by the consequence of sediment transport from the Thamiraparani estuary. The coastal zones are highly fragile for dynamic nature and resource. The sources of anthropogenic and natural processes are accelerating the erosion and accretion along the coast. Hence the vulnerability map prepared for the southeast coast of India and it can be most helpful for stakeholders and future coastal disaster mitigation and management.
Crystallization‐Induced Emissive Invisible Ink
Authors: Zerby Nicholas , Malka Orit , Bhattacharya Sagarika , Nandha Kadamannil Nila , Baranov Mark , Jelinek Raz
Published: March 2019

Crystallization‐induced emission (CIE) has been reported for a handful of polyaromatic molecules, and this phenomenon has been generally ascribed to blocking of nonradiative energy dissipation pathways through crystalline organizations. Herein, the first use of a single‐ring CIE‐based “invisible” ink is reported, which can be applied on varied surfaces. The ink comprises (3E)‐4‐[4‐(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]‐3‐buten‐2‐one (MSPB), exhibiting remarkable spontaneous water and interface‐induced CIE. The molecule, which is synthesized through a facile one‐step process, is nonfluorescent when dissolved in polar organic solvents but forms fluorescent crystalline assemblies upon addition of water or upon drying on solid substrates. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the fluorescent crystalline structure of MSPB is stabilized both by intermolecular C⋅⋅⋅HO and C⋅⋅⋅Hπ interactions among adjacent molecules. The readily adopted crystalline organization of MSPB facilitates its use as a fluorescent ink on diverse substrates, including paper, metals, polymers, and ceramic surfaces.
The effectiveness of local ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma using artificial ascites
Authors: Wang Chia‐Chi , Chan Cheng‐Yi , Chao You‐Chen
Published: March 2019

Local ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the risk of thermal injury is increased in hepatic tumors in direct contact with other vital organs. Although artificial ascites can reduce the risk by separating the organs from the ablated tumor, whether it affects the effectiveness of local ablation remains unclear. This retrospective study screened patients with small HCC (<3 cm) treated with local ablation since May 2012 till January 2015. The primary endpoints are ablative volume and temperature at the end of treatment. The secondary endpoints include the rates of initial complete ablation and 1‐year local tumor progression. A total of 84 sessions of local ablation were performed for 76 tumors in 59 patients (36 males and 23 females; mean age, 66.44 ± 10.30 years). Artificial ascites was performed in 28 (33.3%) sessions. The artificial ascites group tended to have lower ablative volume and temperature than the controls (P = 0.089 and P = 0.077). There was no difference in the rates of initial complete ablation and 1‐year local tumor progression between artificial ascites group and controls. Multivariate analyses showed that special location was significantly associated with initial complete ablation (P = 0.015). Local ablation with the assistance of artificial ascites is an effective therapy for difficult‐to‐ablate HCCs. Special location was associated with failure of initial complete ablation for small HCC rather than artificial ascites.
Modified bang‐bang controller for maximal and minimal time optimal control problems
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Tae , Oh Sang‐Young , Choi Ho‐Lim
Published: March 2019

Recently, there have been a series of results regarding two time optimal control problems for a class of linear and nonlinear systems ‐ one is to keep the system states within certain bound for the longest time during feedback disruption and the other is to derive the system states to near the origin as fast as possible after feedback recovery, both under bounded control inputs. These are called maximal and minimal time optimal control problems, respectively. In the existing results, a bang‐bang controller has been commonly suggested as the actual implementation of the optimal controller. In this paper, we suggest a modified version of the bang‐bang controller which can also serve as an approximate optimal controller. Our proposed controller provides the (near) optimal performance with (i) possible reduction of a number of switchings; (ii) possible reduction of control input magnitude.