bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Transition Rules for Cellular Automata Using Artificial Bee Colony and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms in Urban Growth Modeling
Authors: Naghibi Fereydoun , Delavar Mahmoud
Published: December 2016

This paper presents an advanced method in urban growth modeling to discover transition rules of cellular automata (CA) using the artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization algorithm. Also, comparisons between the simulation results of CA models optimized by the ABC algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithms (PSO) as intelligent approaches were performed to evaluate the potential of the proposed methods. According to previous studies, swarm intelligence algorithms for solving optimization problems such as discovering transition rules of CA in land use change/urban growth modeling can produce reasonable results. Modeling of urban growth as a dynamic process is not straightforward because of the existence of nonlinearity and heterogeneity among effective involved variables which can cause a number of challenges for traditional CA. ABC algorithm, the new powerful swarm based optimization algorithms, can be used to capture optimized transition rules of CA. This paper has proposed a methodology based on remote sensing data for modeling urban growth with CA calibrated by the ABC algorithm. The performance of ABC-CA, PSO-CA, and CA-logistic models in land use change detection is tested for the city of Urmia, Iran, between 2004 and 2014. Validations of the models based on statistical measures such as overall accuracy, figure of merit, and total operating characteristic were made. We showed that the overall accuracy of the ABC-CA model was 89%, which was 1.5% and 6.2% higher than those of the PSO-CA and CA-logistic model, respectively. Moreover, the allocation disagreement (simulation error) of the simulation results for the ABC-CA, PSO-CA, and CA-logistic models are 11%, 12.5%, and 17.2%, respectively. Finally, for all evaluation indices including running time, convergence capability, flexibility, statistical measurements, and the produced spatial patterns, the ABC-CA model performance showed relative improvement and therefore its superiority was confirmed.
Integrating Multiple Spatial Datasets to Assess Protected Areas: Lessons Learnt from the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas (DOPA)
Authors: Dubois Grégoire , Bastin Lucy , Bertzky Bastian , Mandrici Andrea , Conti Michele , Saura Santiago , Cottam Andrew , Battistella Luca , Martínez-López Javier , Boni Martino , Graziano Mariagrazia
Published: December 2016

The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas (DOPA) has been developed to support the European Union’s efforts in strengthening our capacity to mobilize and use biodiversity data so that they are readily accessible to policymakers, managers, researchers and other users. Assessing protected areas for biodiversity conservation at national, regional and international scales implies that methods and tools are in place to evaluate characteristics such as the protected areas’ connectivity, their species assemblages (including the presence of threatened species), the uniqueness of their ecosystems, and the threats these areas are exposed to. Typical requirements for such analyses are data on protected areas, information on species distributions and threat status, and information on ecosystem distributions. By integrating all these global data consistently in metrics and indicators, the DOPA provides the means to allow end-users to evaluate protected areas individually but also to compare protected areas at the country and ecoregion level to, for example, identify potential priorities for further conservation research, action and funding. Since the metrics and indicators are available through web services, the DOPA further allows end-users to develop their own applications without requiring management of large databases and processing capacities. In addition to examples illustrating how the DOPA can be used as an aid to decision making, we discuss the lessons learnt in the development of this global biodiversity information system, and outline planned future developments for further supporting conservation strategies.
Lunasin Attenuates Obesity-Associated Metastasis of 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell through Anti-Inflammatory Property
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Chien , Wang Chih-Hsuan , Huang Yu-Shan
Published: December 2016

Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide and is accompanied by low-grade inflammation with macrophage infiltration, which is linked with a poorer breast cancer prognosis. Lunasin is a natural seed peptide with chemopreventive properties and multiple bioactivities. This is the first study to explore the chemopreventive effects of lunasin in the obesity-related breast cancer condition using 4T1 breast cancer cells, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and conditioned media. An obesity-related environment, such as leptin-treatment or adipocyte-conditioned medium (Ad-CM), promoted 4T1 cell proliferation and metastasis. Lunasin treatment inhibited metastasis of breast cancer cells, partially through modestly inhibiting production of the angiogenesis-mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and significantly by inhibiting secretion in the Ad-CM condition. Subsequently, two adipocytes inflammation models, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and RAW 264.7 cell-conditioned medium (RAW-CM) was used to mimic the obese microenvironment. Lunasin significantly inhibited interleukin (IL)-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 secretion by TNF-α stimulation, and MCP-1 secretion in the RAW-CM model. This study highlights that lunasin suppressed 3T3-L1 adipocyte inflammation and inhibited 4T1 breast cancer cell migration. Interestingly, lunasin exerted more effective anti-metastasis activity in the obesity-related condition models, indicating that it possesses anti-inflammatory properties and blocks adipocyte-cancer cell cross-talk.
Maternal Food Restriction during Pregnancy and Lactation Adversely Affect Hepatic Growth and Lipid Metabolism in Three-Week-Old Rat Offspring
Authors: Lee Sangmi , You Young-Ah , Kwon Eun , Jung Sung-Chul , Jo Inho , Kim Young
Published: December 2016

Maternal malnutrition influences the early development of foetal adaptive changes for survival. We explored the effects of maternal undernutrition during gestation and lactation on hepatic growth and function. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal or a food-restricted (FR) diet during gestation and/or lactation. We performed analyses of covariance (adjusting for the liver weight/body weight ratio) to compare hepatic growth and lipid metabolism among the offspring. Maternal FR during gestation triggered the development of wide spaces between hepatic cells and increased the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in three-week-old male offspring compared with controls (both p < 0.05). Offspring nursed by FR dams exhibited wider spaces between hepatic cells and a lower liver weight/body weight ratio than control offspring, and increased mTOR expression (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the significant decrease in expression of lipogenic-related genes was dependent on carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, despite the increased expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated increased expression of key metabolic regulators (mTOR and SREBP1), alterations in lipid metabolism, and deficits in hepatic growth in the offspring of FR-treated dams.
Influence of Microstructure on Strength and Ductility in Fully Pearlitic Steels
Authors: Toribio Jesús , González Beatriz , Matos Juan-Carlos , Ayaso Francisco-Javier
Published: December 2016

This article deals with the relationship between the microstructure and both strength and ductility in eutectoid pearlitic steel. It is seen how standard mechanical properties and fracture micromechanisms are affected by heat treatment and the resulting microstructure in the material. The yield stress, the ultimate tensile strength and the ductility (measured by means of the reduction in area) exhibit a rising trend with the increasing cooling rate (associated with smaller pearlite interlamellar spacing and a lower pearlitic colony size), while the strain for maximum load shows a decreasing tendency with the afore-said rising cooling rate. With regard to the fracture surface, its appearance becomes more brittle for lower cooling rates, so that the fracture process zone exhibits a larger area with observable pearlite lamellae and a lower percentage of microvoids.
Improving Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Soy Isoflavone Glycosides Daidzin and Genistin by 3′-Hydroxylation Using Recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Chiang Chien-Min , Wang Dong-Sheng , Chang Te-Sheng
Published: December 2016

The present study describes the biotransformation of a commercially available crude extract of soy isoflavones, which contained significant amounts of the soy isoflavone glycosides daidzin and genistin, by recombinant Escherichia coli expressing tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium. Two major products were isolated from the biotransformation and identified as 3′-hydroxydaidzin and 3′-hydroxygenistin, respectively, based on their mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The two 3′-hydroxyisoflavone glycosides showed potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 7.4 and 9.8 μM for 3′-hydroxydaidzin and 3′-hydroxygenistin, respectively. The free radical scavenging activities of the two 3′-hydroxyisoflavone glycosides were, respectively, 120 and 72 times higher than the activity of their precursors, daidzin and genistin, and were also stronger than the activity of ascorbic acid, which showed an IC50 value of 15.1 μM. This is the first report of the bio-production and potential antioxidant applications of both 3′-hydroxydaidzin and 3′-hydroxygenistin.
Riboflavin Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Activation of Adipocyte-Macrophage Co-culture. Potential Application of Vitamin B2 Enrichment for Attenuation of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome Development
Authors: Mazur-Bialy Agnieszka , Pocheć Ewa
Published: December 2016

Due to the progressive increase in the incidence of obese and overweight individuals, cardiometabolic syndrome has become a worldwide pandemic in recent years. Given the immunomodulatory properties of riboflavin, the current study was performed to investigate the potency of riboflavin in reducing obesity-related inflammation, which is the main cause of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus 2 or arteriosclerosis. We determined whether pretreatment with a low dose of riboflavin (10.4–1000 nM) affected the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte-macrophage co-culture (3T3 L1-RAW 264.7) following lipopolysaccharide stimulation (LPS; 100 ng/mL) which mimics obesity-related inflammation. The apoptosis of adipocytes and macrophages as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), transforming growth factor–beta 1 (TGFβ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) expression and release, macrophage migration and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) were determined. Our results indicated an efficient reduction in pro-inflammatory factors (TNFα, IL-6, MCP-1, HMGB1) upon culture with riboflavin supplementation (500–1000 nM), accompanied by elevation in anti-inflammatory adiponectin and IL-10. Moreover, macrophage migration was reduced by the attenuation of chemotactic MCP-1 release and degradation of the extracellular matrix by MMP-9. In conclusion, riboflavin effectively inhibits the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte and macrophage co-cultures, and therefore we can assume that its supplementation may reduce the likelihood of conditions associated with the mild inflammation linked to obesity.
Abdominal Obesity and Lung Cancer Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Hidayat Khemayanto , Du Xuan , Chen Guochong , Shi Minhua , Shi Bimin
Published: December 2016

Several meta-analyses of observational studies have been performed to examine the association between general obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), and lung cancer. These meta-analyses suggest an inverse relation between high BMI and this cancer. In contrast to general obesity, abdominal obesity appears to play a role in the development of lung cancer. However, the association between abdominal obesity (as measured by waist circumference (WC) (BMI adjusted) and waist to hip ratio (WHR)) and lung cancer is not fully understood due to sparse available evidence regarding this association. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for studies assessing the association between abdominal obesity and lung cancer up to October 2016. The summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model. Six prospective cohort studies with 5827 lung cancer cases among 831,535 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Each 10 cm increase in WC and 0.1 unit increase in WHR were associated with 10% (RR 1.10; 95% CI 1.04, 1.17; I2 = 27.7%, p-heterogeneity = 0.198) and 5% (RR 1.05; 95% CI 1.00, 1.11; I2 = 25.2%, p-heterogeneity = 0.211) greater risks of lung cancer, respectively. According to smoking status, greater WHR was only positively associated with lung cancer among former smokers (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00, 1.23). In contrast, greater WC was associated with increased lung cancer risk among never smokers (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00, 1.23), former smokers (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03, 1.22) and current smokers (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.08, 1.25). The summary RRs for highest versus lowest categories of WC and WHR were 1.32 (95% CI 1.13, 1.54; I2 = 18.2%, p-heterogeneity = 0.281) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.00, 1.23; I2 = 24.2%, p-heterogeneity = 0.211), respectively. In summary, abdominal obesity may play an important role in the development of lung cancer.
The Optimisation of Pseudotyped Viruses for the Characterisation of Immune Responses to Equine Influenza Virus
Authors: Scott Simon , Kinsley Rebecca , Temperton Nigel , Daly Janet
Published: December 2016

Pseudotyped viruses (PVs) produced by co-transfecting cells with plasmids expressing lentiviral core proteins and viral envelope proteins are potentially powerful tools for studying various aspects of equine influenza virus (EIV) biology. The aim of this study was to optimise production of equine influenza PVs. Co-transfection of the HAT protease to activate the haemagglutinin (HA) yielded a higher titre PV than TMPRSS2 with the HA from A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 (H3N8), whereas for A/equine/Newmarket/79 (H3N8), both proteases resulted in equivalent titres. TMPRSS4 was ineffective with the HA of either strain. There was also an inverse relationship between the amount of protease-expression plasmids and the PV titre obtained. Interestingly, the PV titre obtained by co-transfection of a plasmid encoding the cognate N8 NA was not as high as that generated by the addition of exogenous neuraminidase (NA) from Clostridium perfringens to allow the release of nascent PV particles. Finally, initial characterisation of the reliability of PV neutralisation tests (PVNTs) demonstrated good intra-laboratory repeatability. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that equine influenza PV production can be readily optimised to provide a flexible tool for studying EIV.
Assessing Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Based on a Single Inertial Sensor
Authors: Pérez-López Carlos , Samà Albert , Rodríguez-Martín Daniel , Català Andreu , Cabestany Joan , Moreno-Arostegui Juan , De Mingo Eva , Rodríguez-Molinero Alejandro
Published: December 2016

Altered movement control is typically the first noticeable symptom manifested by Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Once under treatment, the effect of the medication is very patent and patients often recover correct movement control over several hours. Nonetheless, as the disease advances, patients present motor complications. Obtaining precise information on the long-term evolution of these motor complications and their short-term fluctuations is crucial to provide optimal therapy to PD patients and to properly measure the outcome of clinical trials. This paper presents an algorithm based on the accelerometer signals provided by a waist sensor that has been validated in the automatic assessment of patient’s motor fluctuations (ON and OFF motor states) during their activities of daily living. A total of 15 patients have participated in the experiments in ambulatory conditions during 1 to 3 days. The state recognised by the algorithm and the motor state annotated by patients in standard diaries are contrasted. Results show that the average specificity and sensitivity are higher than 90%, while their values are higher than 80% of all patients, thereby showing that PD motor status is able to be monitored through a single sensor during daily life of patients in a precise and objective way.
The effect of limb amputation on standing weight distribution in the remaining three limbs in dogs
Authors: Millis Darryl , Cole Grayson
Published: December 2016

Despite the fact that limb amputation is a commonly performed procedure in veterinary medicine, quantitative data regarding outcomes are lacking. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effect of limb amputation on weight distribution to the remaining three limbs at a stance in dogs. Ten dogs with a prior forelimb amputation and ten dogs with a prior hindlimb amputation; all of which had no history of orthopaedic or neural disease in the remaining three limbs were included in the study. Standing weight bearing was evaluated with a commercial stance analyzer in all dogs. Five valid trials were obtained and a mean percentage of weight bearing was calculated for each remaining limb. The dogs with a previous forelimb amputation, and also those with a previous hindlimb amputation, had the largest mean increase in weight bearing in the contra -lateral forelimb. In conclusion, proactive monitoring of orthopaedic disease in the contralateral forelimb may be advisable in dogs with a previous limb amputation. In addition, when determining candidacy for a limb amputation, disease of the contralateral forelimb should be thoroughly evaluated.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-05-0075
REVISION OF STELLAR INTRINSIC COLORS IN THE INFRARED BY SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEYS
Authors: Jian Mingjie , Gao Shuang , Zhao He , Jiang Biwei
Published: December 2016

Intrinsic colors of normal stars are derived in the popularly used infrared bands involving the Two Micron All-Sky Survey/JHK

S
, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Spitzer/IRAC, and AKARI/S9W filters. Based on three spectroscopic surveys—LAMOST, RAVE, and APOGEE, stars are classified into groups of giants and dwarfs, as well as metal-normal and metal-poor stars. An empirical analytical relation of the intrinsic color is obtained with stellar effective temperature

for each group of stars after the zero-reddening stars are selected from the blue edge in the

versus

diagram. It is found that metallicity has little effect on the infrared colors. In the near-infrared bands, our results agree with previous work. In addition, the color indexes

and

, which are taken as constant to calculate interstellar extinction, are discussed. The intrinsic colors of M-type stars are derived separately due to the lack of accurate measurement of their effective temperature.
THE EFFECTS OF DARK MATTER ANNIHILATION ON COSMIC REIONIZATION
Authors: Kaurov Alexander A. , Hooper Dan , Gnedin Nickolay Y.
Published: December 2016

We revisit the possibility of constraining the properties of dark matter (DM) by studying the epoch of cosmic reionization. Previous studies have shown that DM annihilation was unlikely to have provided a large fraction of the photons which ionized the universe, but instead played a subdominant role relative to stars and quasars. The DM might, however, have begun to efficiently annihilate with the formation of primordial microhalos at z ∼ 100–200, much earlier than the formation of the first stars. Therefore, if DM annihilation ionized the universe at even the percent level over the interval z ∼ 20–100, it could leave a significant imprint on the global optical depth, τ. Moreover, we show that cosmic microwave background polarization data and future 21 cm measurements will enable us to more directly probe the DM contribution to the optical depth. In order to compute the annihilation rate throughout the epoch of reionization, we adopt the latest results from structure formation studies and explore the impact of various free parameters on our results. We show that future measurements could make it possible to place constraints on the DM’s annihilation cross-sections, which are at a level comparable to those obtained from the observations of dwarf galaxies, cosmic-ray measurements, and studies of recombination.
SPATIAL VARIATIONS OF PAH PROPERTIES IN M17SW REVEALED BY SPITZER/IRS SPECTRAL MAPPING
Authors: Yamagishi M. , Kaneda H. , Ishihara D. , Oyabu S. , Suzuki T. , Onaka T. , Nagayama T. , Umemoto T. , Minamidani T. , Nishimura A. , Matsuo M. , Fujita S. , Tsuda Y. , Kohno M. , Ohashi S.
Published: December 2016

We present Spitzer/IRS mid-infrared spectral maps of the Galactic star-forming region M17 as well as IRSF/SIRIUS Brγ and Nobeyama 45 m/FOREST 13CO (J = 1–0) maps. The spectra show prominent features due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at wavelengths of 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, 12.0, 12.7, 13.5, and 14.2 μm. We find that the PAH emission features are bright in the region between the H ii region traced by Brγ and the molecular cloud traced by 13CO, supporting that the PAH emission originates mostly from photo-dissociation regions. Based on the spatially resolved Spitzer/IRS maps, we examine spatial variations of the PAH properties in detail. As a result, we find that the interband ratio of PAH 7.7 μm/PAH 11.3 μm varies locally near M17SW, but rather independently of the distance from the OB stars in M17, suggesting that the degree of PAH ionization is mainly controlled by local conditions rather than the global UV environments determined by the OB stars in M17. We also find that the interband ratios of the PAH 12.0 μm, 12.7 μm, 13.5 μm, and 14.2 μm features to the PAH 11.3 μm feature are high near the M17 center, which suggests structural changes of PAHs through processing due to intense UV radiation, producing abundant edgy irregular PAHs near the M17 center.
ON HELIUM MIXING IN QUASI-GLOBAL SIMULATIONS OF THE INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM
Authors: Berlok Thomas , Pessah Martin E.
Published: December 2016

The assumption of a spatially uniform helium distribution in the intracluster medium (ICM) can lead to biases in the estimates of key cluster parameters if composition gradients are present. The helium concentration profile in galaxy clusters is unfortunately not directly observable. Current models addressing the putative sedimentation are one-dimensional and parametrize the presence of magnetic fields in a crude way, ignoring the weakly collisional, magnetized nature of the medium. When these effects are considered, a wide variety of instabilities can play an important role in the plasma dynamics. In a series of recent papers, we have developed the local, linear theory of these instabilities and addressed their nonlinear development with a modified version of Athena. Here, we extend our study by developing a quasi-global approach that we use to simulate the mixing of helium as induced by generalizations of the heat-flux-driven buoyancy instability (HBI) and the magnetothermal instability, which feed off thermal and composition gradients. In the inner region of the ICM, mixing can occur over a few gigayears, after which the average magnetic field inclination angle is ∼30°–50°, resulting in an averaged Spitzer parameter higher by about 20% than the value obtained in homogeneous simulations. In the cluster outskirts the instabilities are rather inefficient, due to the shallow gradients. This suggests that composition gradients in cluster cores might be shallower than one-dimensional models predict. More quantitative statements demand more refined models that can incorporate the physics driving the sedimentation process and simultaneously account for the weakly collisional nature of the plasma.
RESOLVING MICROLENSING EVENTS WITH TRIGGERED VLBI
Authors: Karami Mansour , Broderick Avery E. , Rahvar Sohrab , Reid Mark
Published: December 2016

Microlensing events provide a unique capacity to study the stellar remnant population of the Galaxy. Optical microlensing suffers from a near-complete degeneracy between mass, velocity, and distance. However, a subpopulation of lensed stars, Mira variable stars, are also radio-bright, exhibiting strong SiO masers. These are sufficiently bright and compact to permit direct imaging using existing very long baseline interferometers such as the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). We show that these events are relatively common, occurring at a rate of

of which

are associated with Galactic black holes. Features in the associated images, e.g., the Einstein ring, are sufficiently well resolved to fully reconstruct the lens properties, enabling the measurement of mass, distance, and tangential velocity of the lensing object to a precision better than 15%. Future radio microlensing surveys conducted with upcoming radio telescopes combined with modest improvements in the VLBA could increase the rate of Galactic black hole events to roughly 10 

, sufficient to double the number of known stellar mass black holes in a couple of years, and permitting the construction of distribution functions of stellar mass black hole properties.
THE PALOMAR TRANSIENT FACTORY AND RR LYRAE: THE METALLICITY–LIGHT CURVE RELATION BASED ON AB-TYPE RR LYRAE IN THE KEPLER FIELD
Authors: Ngeow Chow-Choong , Yu Po-Chieh , Bellm Eric , Yang Ting-Chang , Chang Chan-Kao , Miller Adam , Laher Russ , Surace Jason , Ip Wing-Huen
Published: December 2016

The wide-field synoptic sky surveys, known as the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF), will accumulate a large number of known and new RR Lyrae. These RR Lyrae are good tracers to study the substructure of the Galactic halo if their distance, metallicity, and galactocentric velocity can be measured. Candidates of halo RR Lyrae can be identified from their distance and metallicity before requesting spectroscopic observations for confirmation. This is because both quantities can be obtained via their photometric light curves, because the absolute V-band magnitude for RR Lyrae is correlated with metallicity, and the metallicity can be estimated using a metallicity–light curve relation. To fully utilize the PTF and iPTF light-curve data in related future work, it is necessary to derive the metallicity–light curve relation in the native PTF/iPTF R-band photometric system. In this work, we derived such a relation using the known ab-type RR Lyrae located in the Kepler field, and it is found to be

(where P is pulsational period and

is one of the Fourier parameters describing the shape of the light curve), with a dispersion of 0.118 dex. We tested our metallicity–light curve relation with new spectroscopic observations of a few RR Lyrae in the Kepler field, as well as several data sets available in the literature. Our tests demonstrated that the derived metallicity–light curve relation could be used to estimate metallicities for the majority of the RR Lyrae, which are in agreement with the published values.
Stiffness Is the Cardinal Symptom of Inflammatory Musculoskeletal Diseases, Yet Still Variably Measured: Report from the OMERACT 2016 Stiffness Special Interest Group
Authors: Halls Serena , Sinnathurai Premarani , Hewlett Sarah , Mackie Sarah L. , March Lyn , Bartlett Susan J. , Bingham Clifton O. , Alten Rieke , Campbell Ina , Hill Catherine L. , Holt Robert J. , Hughes Rod , Kirwan John R. , Leong Amye L. , Leung Ying Ying , Lyddiatt Anne , Neill Lorna , Orbai Ana-Maria
Published: December 2016

Objective.

The objectives of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Stiffness special interest group (SIG) are to characterize stiffness as an outcome in rheumatic disease and to identify and validate a stiffness patient-reported outcome (PRO) in rheumatology.

Methods.

At OMERACT 2016, international groups presented and discussed results of several concurrent research projects on stiffness: a literature review of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stiffness PRO measures, a qualitative investigation into the RA and polymyalgia rheumatica patient perspective of stiffness, data-driven stiffness conceptual model development, development and testing of an RA stiffness PRO measure, and a quantitative work testing stiffness items in patients with RA and psoriatic arthritis.

Results.

The literature review identified 52 individual stiffness PRO measures assessing morning or early morning stiffness severity/intensity or duration. Items were heterogeneous, had little or inconsistent psychometric property evidence, and did not appear to have been developed according to the PRO development guidelines. A poor match between current stiffness PRO and the conceptual model identifying the RA patient experience of stiffness was identified, highlighting a major flaw in PRO selection according to the OMERACT filter 2.0.

Conclusion.

Discussions within the Stiffness SIG highlighted the importance of further research on stiffness and defined a research agenda.
Imputabilité dans l’Union européenne post-Lisbonne
Authors: Brandsma Gijs Jan , Heidbreder Eva G. , Mastenbroek Ellen
Published: December 2016

Ce numéro spécial 2 dresse un bilan des récents ajouts post-Lisbonne aux outils d’imputabilité de l’UE. Il montre que les outils de prise de décision plus anciens tendraient à être plus imputables que les nouveaux, et que dans certains secteurs la prise de décision se déplace vers des cercles moins imputables. Le présent article introductif analyse le débat relatif à l’évolution graduelle du système d’imputabilité de l’UE et présente des aspects clés de l’ère post-Lisbonne susceptibles d’affecter l’imputabilité dans l’UE, et qui ont été négligés par la littérature jusqu’à présent : actes délégués, gouvernance économique, et évaluations réglementaires. Les contributions à cette édition spéciale examinent chacun de ces domaines en détail et montrent dans quelle mesure l’imputabilité a été améliorée. Une contribution finale démontre comment ces dispositifs s’inscrivent dans le tableau plus vaste des imputabilités UE existantes, et comment ce tableau a évolué dans le temps. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Il existe un lien apparent entre la nouveauté relative du cadre institutionnel dans lequel un système de gouvernance est imbriqué et son imputabilité. Les environnements qui incluent un rôle fort pour la Commission européenne tendent à être les plus imputables, tandis que ceux qui reposent le plus sur la logique intergouvernementale, y compris ceux qui ont été créés hors du cadre du Traité, présentent d’importants hiatus.
Arquitectura participativa: investigación-acción en torno al diseño de un establecimiento educacional
Authors: Camerati Nicolas
Published: December 2016

Cet article traite d’une recherche-action (Goyette & Lessard-Hebert, 1987) réalisée dans un établissement scolaire public dans la commune de Peñalolén, à Santiago du Chili. Le défi de cette recherche a été de développer une méthodologie participative, capable de traduire les opinions, les inquiétudes, les désirs, les sensations et les coutumes d’une communauté éducative spécifique dans des données compréhensibles et utilisables par les architectes qui créeraient l’œuvre en question. En définitive, cet article décrira un processus conjoint de travail entre des architectes, des sociologues et une communauté éducative donnée, un processus visant à développer une méthode participative qui permettra un lien et une harmonie entre les utilisateurs, l’architecture et le lieu.
Rues de Busan et d’ailleurs. Partie 1. Prolégomènes : le paysage de « Dynamic Busan »
Authors: Gilloch Graeme , Ryu Ji-Seok
Published: December 2016

Cet article est une introduction, plus particulièrement un prologue théorico-méthodologique à un essai pionnier de rythmanalyse de Busan, ville portuaire de Corée. Il est basé sur quatre mois de recherche collaborative d’un travail sur le terrain entrepris à l’automne 2014. Ici les trois influences théoriques clés qui structurent ce travail (Lefebvre, Kracauer et Augé) sont présentées et liées à certaines réflexions critiques sur « Dynamic Busan », le slogan de la deuxième ville ambitieuse sous transformation rapide. Le concept clé de « non-lieux » offre un point de départ utile pour l’expérience quotidienne du nouveau paysage urbain de Busan comme « paysage » et comme « ville-selfie ».
Skill gap analysis and training needs in Indian aerospace industry
Authors: Balaraman Premkumar , Kamalakannan Priya
Published: December 2016

Purpose: The main objective of the paper is on assessing the global aerospace industry as well as Indian scenario, and attempts to assess the skill gaps and training needs of Indian aerospace industry.  Design/methodology/approach: The study is qualitative in nature, and employs wide array of qualitative tools which includes desktop study, focus group interviews and secondary sources of information. Around 10 focus groups were used in the study, with each focus group having a minimum of 6 members of experts in the aerospace and allied industries. The study evolved into a 2 staged one, with the first study elucidating the growing importance and potential of aerospace industry, justifying the significance to take forward the second part of the study. And the second study specifically focuses on skill gaps and training needs.Findings and Originality/value: The Study yields varied results on existing generic expectations of aerospace industry, specific needs of aerospace industry, identification of aerospace job categories unique to aerospace industry, key issues of training in Indian scenario and recommendations. The paper in summary reflects the current scenario of aerospace industry potentials for India and its likely impact on skills gap and training needs.Practical implications: Skills gap is a significant gap between an organization’s current capabilities and the skills it needs to achieve its goals. As a number of Global forecasts project, India as an emerging aviation market, the skill gaps in this sector is predicted to be huge and necessitates the study on assessing the skill gaps and its allied training needs.Originality/value: The Study is highly original and first one of its kind in reflecting the current situation of the skills gap and training needs in Indian Aerospace industry. The focus group interviews were conducted with the experts at various levels in the industyr without any bias yielding valid and realtime data for the research.
Airport mobile marketing as a channel to promote cross-selling
Authors: Florido-Benítez Lázaro
Published: December 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the airport mobile marketing and what elements have had a positive or negative influence in cross-selling via an airport app. Design/methodology: For this analysis, a survey was conducted to users that use the Schiphol Amsterdam Airport app. A total of 103 questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: This study found that security/control factor supplied by the mobile marketing tool to passengers at the airport, it has been demonstrated that it favours an increase in cross-selling. in addition, if an airport is perceived to have a good brand image, it will have a positive effect in cross-selling. Originality/value: This paper is the first research that examines the impact of mobile marketing in airports. Smelling multiple products and services to the same client before, during, and post consumption  is a marketing technique that intends to (1) satisfy a client’s need and (2) increase a company’s profit by using cross-selling and other complementary services. Airline companies are experts in carrying out this activity, and airports have found that mobile applications are the perfect tool to increase their commercial profits. Offering complementary products and services is a very lucrative business, and a mobile device or smartphone are -- and will become -- the ideal medium to meet users’ demands as well as to improve the passenger experience. Keywords: mobile marketing, cross-selling, information, security-control, image-perception, satisfaction, WOM
Total Humeral Endoprosthesis Replacement to Salvage Periprosthetic Fractures in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tanagho Andy , Morgan Barnes , Ravenscroft Matt
Published: December 2016

The authors report their experience in the management of a 53-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with bilateral asynchronous traumatic periprosthetic fractures of the humerus after bilateral elbow replacements. One side was treated with a long-stem revision and internal fixation with bone graft, while the other side was treated with a long-stem distal humeral replacement. She sustained pathological periprosthetic fractures on top of the long-stemmed implants. Total humeral endoprosthesis replacements were performed bilaterally as salvage procedures to provide a stable platform for her elbow and hand function. At manuscript submission, the patient was 24 months and 36 months postoperatively on the left and right sides, respectively. Her Oxford Shoulder Scores were 21 (left side) and 24 (right side). There is little information about the management of periprosthetic fractures of the humerus after long-stem revisions with severe bone loss. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report describing the use of bilateral total humeral endoprosthesis replacements in the management of complex unstable periprosthetic fractures. This is a valuable treatment option for patients with poor bone quality, bone loss, and loose components. [Orthopedics.2017; 40(2):e363–e366.]
Prothrombin Complex Concentrates: An Alternative to Fresh Frozen Plasma
Authors: Burk David R. , Smith Jordan L. , Wild Jason R.
Published: December 2016

Insufficiency fractures are a common cause of morbidity among geriatric patients worldwide. Improved outcomes are known to result from decreased delay to definitive operative fixation and mobilization. Use of warfarin is an important potential cause of delay. The ideal mode of warfarin reversal is currently unknown. Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) offer rapid correction with small infusion volume, both of which are important for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The authors present 2 cases of insufficiency fractures occurring in geriatric patients receiving warfarin therapy reversed with a 3-factor PCC. Both patients were independent, community ambulators without significant functional disability and returned to their prior level of functioning. There were no significant bleeding or venous thromboembolic complications. To the authors' knowledge, no previous reports have described the use of PCC in geriatric patients with fractures. Nonetheless, its potential is well documented in emergency and trauma surgery literature. The use of PCC could potentially allow surgeons and hospitals to avoid complications related to immobility and the associated costs of treatment, extended hospital stay, and readmission. The authors' limited experience suggests 3-factor PCC preparations may provide adequate correction to allow expeditious surgical treatment. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e367–e369.]
Ultra-wide Field Imaging and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography of Ocular Electrical Injury in a Child
Authors: Takkar Brijesh , Azad Shorya , Molla Kabiruddin , Venkatesh Pradeep
Published: December 2016

History of trauma in children may be obscured and physicians often rely on signs for diagnosis. The authors discuss a case of electrical injury where ocular signs led to diagnosis of the cause of macular atrophy. A high index of suspicion must always be maintained in such atypical cases, and the setting of electrical injury to the body requires meticulous ocular examination.[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53:e69–e71.]
MIRAgel Buckle Extrusion With Preseptal Cellulitis and Erosion Through the Eyelid Skin
Authors: Orban Molly W. , Haddock Luis J.
Published: December 2016

MIRAgel (MIRA, Waltham, MA) scleral buckle material was initially developed in the 1980s as an alternative to more traditional silicone buckles. Long-term follow-up has demonstrated complications necessitating removal due to unanticipated hydrolytic degeneration of the exoplant. Material expansion and fragmentation have led to pain, limited extraocular motility, ocular masses, infection, and eventual extrusion. Complications occur later than in other materials; most patients need removal an average of 7 years to 13 years after implantation. This case describes a previously not reported case of MIRAgel scleral buckle extrusion complicated by preseptal cellulitis and complete erosion of the material through the inferior eyelid and extrusion through the skin.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1147–1150.]
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Occurring in the Context of Large Colloid Drusen
Authors: Mathis Thibaud , Kodjikian Laurent , Mauget-Faÿsse Martine , Feldman Audrey
Published: December 2016

The authors report, for the first time, an association between large colloid drusen (LCD) and choroidal neovascularization in a 58-year-old man. Multimodal imaging confirmed the diagnosis of LCD in both eyes and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in the left eye. The patient was treated with monthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY). The authors hypothesize that these deposits are probably associated with retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and could thus lead to delayed neovascularization and atrophy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1154–1156.]
Manufacture de parures en coquillage dans le bassin de Sayula à l’époque classique (Jalisco, Mexique)
Authors: Mas Élodie
Published: December 2016

Au cours de la période classique (550-1100 apr. J.-C.), le bassin de Sayula bénéficie d’une période de prospérité liée au contrôle exercé par l’élite locale sur les ressources stratégiques qui proviennent ou transitent par la région. Cette phase chronologique se caractérise par la participation active du bassin au sein des réseaux d’échange de l’occident du Mexique (Liot et al., sur 2007). Outre une production intense de sel, d’autres activités artisanales se développent les établissements préhispaniques localisés autour du lac saisonnier. Le matériel malacologique collecté en surface de différents sites atteste d’une activité de fabrication de parure, tant d’espèces provenant du Pacifique, que des Caraïbes. L’analyse technologique menée sur 11 250 artefacts révèle une activité de production locale, marquée par un style technologique spécifique au bassin de Sayula.
Vers une organisation hiérarchisée des sites de la culture des Terramares
Authors: Boudry Julie
Published: December 2016

The Terramare culture developed in the Po plain (Italy) during the middle and recent Bronze age (xvie-xiie centuries B. C.). Until now, archaeologists considered this culture as a tribal organisation without social stratification. This can be explained by the important homogeneity of the burial practices (cremation urns without burial deposit) and also of the settlements: the term “Terramare” is used to indicate the banked and ditched villages, usually built according to a pre-definite plan.However, the latest studies, using spatial statistics in a GIS, seem to show a territorial organization structured or even organized in a hierarchy.The purpose of this article is first to explain the methodology used for this research and then to present the results obtained. This way, we hope to be able to define a new social structure for this culture.
Circulation des pigments sur le territoire Mochica
Authors: Wright Véronique
Published: December 2016

To the Mochica civilisation, a pre-Inca society that developed on the north coast of Peru from the 1st to the 9th century AD, mural art represented an important form of artistic expression. Mainly reserved for cultural buildings _ or huacas _ these monumental painted scenes created a privileged means of communication that allowed the rulers to deliver to the people a symbolic message of the established political power and of the social order.The importance of mural decoration within Mochica society inspired us to push the previous research on these rare relics further. In addition to the iconographic interpretations, it seemed essential to us to take an interest in the creation and elaboration process of these murals, by using archaeometry, rarely employed in Peru. Thus, through the physicochemical study of the polychromy of the Huaca de la Luna, of the Huaca Cao Viejo, of the monumental complex of Castillo de Huancaco, and of the funeral platform of Sipán, we have been able to obtain clues to the pictorial techniques used by the Mochicas artists.
Armes et armement
Authors: Warin Isabelle
Published: December 2016

Study of defensive weapons from Greece, Macedonia and Thracia during Late Hallstatt and La Tene (Early and Middle) period is drawing the apparition of archaeological material, whose technical process is defining political expression of human communities. Weapons are so defined by typology and technical process; these factors are partly embedded to regional spaces or cultural areas, associated to military practices, which are expressions of political communities and their socio– economical system.
Transnational Filipinos in the UAE: Actors and Strategies
Authors: Guéraiche William
Published: December 2016

The United Arab Emirates are the second destination of Filipino emigrants in the world. Working opportunities in the Gulf along with endemic unemployment in the archipelago have attracted one million Filipinos to the UAE, mainly in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The first objective of this paper is to identify this population in order to confirm or disprove received ideas regarding the figures and structure of migration: do all Filipinos working in the UAE fit in the category of domestic workers or low-skilled workers? The second objective is to understand how the actors in these migrations (Filipino migrants, the Filipino State, UAE authorities) interact and what strategies — sometimes opposed, sometimes complementary — they use. The third objective is to identify in practice the problems arising from the interaction of these three actors, namely the issue of domestic workers who do not complete their contracts, the negative consequences of their abuse on the image of the Emirates, and setting a reference wage.
Filmer le désarroi : ce que révèle l’usage de la caméra dans les situations « sensibles »
Authors: Le Houérou Fabienne
Published: December 2016

L’auteur s’appuie sur quatre documentaires qu'elle a réalisés sur le terrain des migrations forcées pour tenter de démontrer la valeur des images dans la construction d’une hypothèse de recherche. Il s’agit d’évoquer la manière dont la méthodologie induite par les images permet de déconstruire certains prêts-à-penser sur l’approche des migrations. Dans un second temps, l’article tente de faire ressortir l’importance de ce qui pourrait apparaître comme des détails narratifs et qui, dans un processus de mise en image, prennent une dimension déterminante.