bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thinking creatively: Introducing new didactic methods into a course in English for Laboratory Technicians
Authors: Václavík Ladislav
Published: May 2016

As a prestigious institution, well-known for its progressive and dynamic teaching and research activities, the Language Centre of Masaryk University launched, in June 2012, the IMPACT Project, which came to a successful end in April 2015 and became one of the crucial turning points in its history. Among the numerous innovative activities included in the project, revision of the existing ESP courses has had a considerable importance both for teachers and students. As part of the project initiative, English for Laboratory Technicians is one of the courses which have undergone substantial changes. These concern primarily the curriculum, based originally on a textbook and rebuilt significantly so that its structure corresponds more closely to students’ needs. I argue that these changes prompted a shift in the teaching approach as the previously used textbook promoted different strategies. I first present a short, general introduction to this course and then describe its specific features. Three basic methodological building blocks underpinning the practical teaching process are then introduced and briefly discussed: the concept of creativity, collaborative learning and motivation. In the second part, the article outlines one particular teaching unit in order to demonstrate the practical impact of the theoretical starting points with a view to showing possible limitations as well as opportunities for making further progress in the development of successful teaching techniques.
iPads in medical language courses at the University of Helsinki
Authors: Wallinheimo Kirsi , Pitkänen Kari K.
Published: May 2016

In recent years, the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Helsinki has systematically developed and synchronized its teaching technology, and new iPad-based tools have been an important part of this development. The aim has been to provide the students and teachers in the faculty with synchronized tools that can be used as a basis of a shared platform, with all the materials, tools and applications functioning in exactly the same way on all the equipment used in interaction among the teacher and the students and for teaching medicine and dentistry. As language teachers at the University of Helsinki Language Centre, we have already used Moodle-based platforms and a flipped classroom strategy together with task (TBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) approaches in language teaching. The iPads provided by this faculty have been in active use during the sessions of our courses for medical and dental students. However, we have so far been unaware of how the students use their iPads outside the classroom. This survey-based study aimed at addressing this gap in knowledge by investigating how 75 medical students actually use their iPads especially in learning academic and professional English and Swedish. The results, combined with teacher expertise, will be used to further develop the language courses taught by the Language Centre.
Metaphors in the mirror: The influence of teaching metaphors in a medical education programme
Authors: Canziani Tatiana
Published: May 2016

Medical students often face problems in using and understanding metaphors when communicating with a patient or reading a scientific paper. These figures of speech constitute an interpretative problem and students need key strategies to facilitate metaphor comprehension and disambiguation of meaning. This article examines how medical students’ strategies of metaphor comprehension could be improved by specific teaching on metaphors using a Cognitive Linguistics approach. Medical students’ ability to comprehend mirror neuron metaphors was assessed comparing the performance of students who did not receive any instruction about metaphoric extension strategies after a lesson on mirror neurons with the performance of students who received a special lesson both on mirror neurons and on metaphoric extension strategies. Students who received specific teaching on metaphor comprehension strategies performed better (85 %) and were more likely to use analogical reasoning and contextual clues than those who did not receive any specific teaching (55 %), who tended to adopt a violation strategy. Thus, their ability to give an exhaustive reinterpretation of metaphors seems to be affected by their ability to manage metaphoric extension strategies. These findings suggest that introducing a Cognitive Linguistics approach and using metaphoric extension strategies to aid metaphor comprehension may be an active and productive teaching strategy in a medical education programme.
Acute myocardial infarction in a premature infant on the first day of life
Authors: Ciarmoli Elena , Doni Daniela , Basciu Maria , Cuttin Maria Serena , Sinelli Maria Teresa , Tagliabue Paolo Emilio
Published: May 2016

Neonatal myocardial infarction (MI) is a very rare but potentially life-threatening condition with an approximated mortality rate of 80%. Congenital heart disease, anomalous coronary artery anatomy, thromboembolism, coagulopathy, birth asphyxia or myocarditis have been suggested as possible causes of MI. Here we report the case of a premature infant who died at about 40 h of life from a massive MI. Autopsy revealed an occlusive thrombus in the right coronary artery. An isolated prothrombotic status, characterized by a double copy variant of the MTHFR A1298C mutation, was identified at the postmortem genetic studies as a possible explanation for the coronary artery thrombosis. No other risk factors were detected.
On competition and blocking in inflectional morphology: Evidence from the domainof number in New Persian
Authors: Naghzguy-Kohan Mehrdad , Kuteva Tania
Published: May 2016

Blocking, as traditionally defined, refers to a situation where the mere presence of a form or pattern in language preempts the application of another form or pattern. Recent studies on blocking, especially in derivational morphology, have provided many examples which seriously cast doubt on the assumed discreteness of the notion. Using data from sizeable corpora, this paper seeks to address this issue in inflectional morphology. Within that domain, it is illustrated that – throughout time – there may have been an alternation between competing morphological patterns. In particular, pluralization by suffixation and transfixation, may have alternated in assuming the role of a blocker. On the basis of frequency data of inflectional classes in New Persian, it is shown that whenever there is an increase in the usage of either of these two strategies, there is also a decrease in application of the other. This alternation follows a neat and systematic pattern strongly suggesting that transfixation and suffixation have relative blocking effects on each other. It can therefore be concluded that there is essentially no need for one form, or a number of forms, to be eliminated in favor of a more productive one. In fact, competing forms can co-exist, decline and flourish alternatively, and thrive for centuries.
The Do-So-Diagnostic: Against finite VPs and for flat non-finite VPs
Authors: Osborne Timothy , Gross Thomas
Published: May 2016

The
Differential subject marking in Azhee
Authors: Gerner Matthias
Published: May 2016

Azhee (of the Tibeto-Burman family, spoken in China) uses differential subject marking (DSM) conditioned by animacy and the potential ambiguity of subject and object. It is shown that the Azhee
Verbal prefixation, construction grammar, and semantic compatibility: Evidence from the locative alternation in Polish
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech
Published: May 2016

This paper aims to analyze the interaction between prefixes, verbs, and abstract argument structure constructions, using as a testing ground the locative alternation. It has been assumed that in order to participate in the locative alternation, a verb must specify a manner of motion from which a change of state can be obtained (see, for instance, Steven Pinker’s
Locus of marking typology in the possessive NP: A new approach
Authors: van Rijn Marlou
Published: May 2016

This study takes a semantic approach to Nichols’ influential locus of marking typology, as applied to the possessive noun phrase. In this approach, a careful distinction is made between two semantic types of dependency relations: those between inherently relational nouns and their argument possessors and those between inherently non-relational nouns and their modifier possessors. I furthermore propose an alternative analysis of possessive person markers in terms of locus, by distinguishing referential markers from agreement markers, depending on the distribution of grammatical feature information in the possessive NPs of individual languages. On the basis of a 37-language sample, I show that locus of marking follows two tendencies: marking the possessum in alienable possession implies marking the possessum in inalienable possession, and marking the possessor in inalienable possession implies marking the possessor in alienable possession. Moreover, I show that if inalienable person markers are referential, alienable person markers are referential as well. These tendencies reflect a greater need of alienable (modifier) possessors for expressive means of coding as compared to inalienable (argument) possessors. On a more general level, I argue against the traditional opposition between head-marking languages and dependent-marking languages, showing that, from a semantic perspective, dependent-marking may also occur on heads.
Four-point bending strength of key-hole side-edge-notched western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) wood
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroshi , Ataka Naoki , Maruta Makoto
Published: May 2016

The four-point bending strength of key-hole side-edge-notched (4KHSENB) western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Sarg.) has been determined with a focus on the effects of the notch length and hole size on the results. A hole notch with various lengths and hole diameters was cut at the mid-length in the longitudinal-radial plane. Bending loads were applied to the specimen along the depth direction at the two trisectional points of the span, and the nominal bending stress in general and at the onset of non-linearity was determined. The effects of the input parameters were analysed based on the elementary beam theory (EBT), the point stress criterion (PSC), and linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). It was found that the PSC and LEFM methods are effective for fitting the relationships between the side-edge-notched strength and notch length in the longitudinal and radial directions, respectively.
A qualitative study on how adolescent males in South India view reproductive health
Authors: Kamath Veena Ganesh , Kamath Asha , Roy Kallol , Rao Chythra Raghavendra , Hegde Asha , Ashok Lena
Published: May 2016

In India it is taboo to discuss sexual and reproductive health (RH) issues, especially with adolescent boys. Minimal research has been done in India to address the adolescent mindset of boys. Our aim was to study the unaddressed issues among boys and to highlight their perspectives regarding RH.

Methods:

A qualitative study design-using focus group discussions (FGD) in a rural-urban setting in South India was conducted. A convenient sample of 60 boys aged 16–19 years participated in six FGD and 10 boys had participated in in-depth interviews.

Results:

The study revealed that a cordial environment both at home and school were primary needs. Peer pressure and media instigated adolescents to get involved in risky behaviour and substance use. “Pornography”, “wrong myths about RH”, “substance use”, and “sexual attractions” were the primary unaddressed issues of boys. Participants had poor awareness about RH services.

Conclusion:

RH services are inadequate and proper infrastructure is required for providing these services to adolescent boys.
Influence of Black Mulberry Juice Addition and Spray Drying Conditions on Some Physical Properties of Ice Cream Powder
Authors: Fazaeli Mahboubeh , Emam-Djomeh Zahra , Yarmand Mohammad Saeed
Published: May 2016

In this study, the overall quality characteristics of ice cream powders (drying yield, moisture content, water activity, bulk density, solubility and glass transition temperature) and ice creams made from their corresponding reconstituted powders (overrun, melting behavior) were analyzed. The effect of spray drying conditions such as inlet air temperature (120, 140 and 160 °C) and feed flow rate (1.5, 3 and 4.5 mL/min) and black mulberry juice addition (15, 30 and 45 %) were included in the design. The results showed that, by increasing inlet air temperature water activity, bulk density and overrun were decreased, while solubility and melting rate of reconstituted powders were increased. Generally, mass recovery percentage of ice cream powders was decreased with increase of feed ﬂow rate and juice concentration at the same air inlet temperature due to the stickiness problem and the low glass transition temperature of components. The following optimum process conditions with the desirability of 0.86 were determined: inlet air temperature of 140 °C, feed flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and juice concentration of 30 %.
On the number of slim, semimodular lattices
Authors: Czédli Gábor , Dékány Tamás , Ozsvárt László , Szakács Nóra , Udvari Balázs
Published: May 2016

A latticeLisslimif it is finite and the set of its join-irreducible elements contains no three-element antichain. Slim, semimodular lattices were previously characterized by G. Czédli and E. T. Schmidt as the duals of the lattices consisting of the intersections of the members of two composition series in a group. Our main result determines the number of (isomorphism classes of) these lattices of a given size in a recursive way. The corresponding planar Hasse diagrams, up to similarity, are also enumerated. We prove that the number of diagrams of slim, distributive lattices of a given lengthnis thenth Catalan number. Besides lattice theory, the paper includes some combinatorial arguments on permutations and their inversions.
Quantum computational algebra with a non-commutative generalization
Authors: Chen Wenjuan , Dudek Wieslaw A.
Published: May 2016

We introduce a non-commutative generalization of quasi-MV algebra, called quasipseudo-MV algebra. We present some properties of quasi-pseudo-MV algebras and investigate the direct product decomposition of them. Further, we generalize quasi l-group to the non-commutative case and prove the interval of a non-commutative quasi l-group with a strong quasi-unit is a quasipseudo-MV algebra.
On some modification of Darboux property
Authors: Ivanova Gertruda , Wagner-Bojakowska Elżbieta
Published: May 2016

We introduce some family of functionsf: ℝ → ℝ modifying Darboux property analogously as it was done in GRANDE, Z.: On a subclass of the family of Darboux functions, Colloq. Math. 117 (2009), 95-104, and changing approximate continuity with 𝓘-approximate continuity, i.e. continuity with respect to the 𝓘-density topology. We prove that our family is a strongly porous set in the space of Darboux functions having the Baire property and that each function from our family is quasi-continuous.
Persistence and extinction of a stochastic delay predator-prey model in a polluted environment
Authors: Liu Zhenhai , Liu Qun
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we study a stochastic delay predator-prey model in a polluted environment. Sufficient criteria for extinction and non-persistence in the mean of the model are obtained. The critical value between persistence and extinction is also derived for each population. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to support our main results.
Inequalities for the normalized Jensen functional with applications
Authors: Dehghan Hossein
Published: May 2016

In this paper we present some new inequalities for the normalized Jensen functional which will much improve the famous Jensen’s inequality. We also give some applications in Analysis and Information Theory. Our results refine and generalize the corresponding ones announced in [DRAGOMIR, S. S.: Bounds for the normalised Jensen functional, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 74 (2006), 471–478] and [MITANI, K. I. et al.: On sharp triangle inequalities in Banach spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 336 (2007), 1178–1186].
Central functions for classes of concave univalent functions
Authors: Bhowmik Bappaditya , Wirths Karl-Joachim
Published: May 2016

In this paper we answer a question of Bednarz and Sokól concerning concave univalent functions. We prove that there exist central functions for the classes Co(p) of concave univalent functions with pole at the point z = p ∈ (0, 1). Further, we construct a generalized neighborhood of this central function such that the whole class Co(p) is contained in such neighborhood. We also consider similar questions for the class of functions that are analytic and univalent in the unit disc and for some of its important subclasses.
Uniqueness of meromorphic functions and nonlinear differential polynomials sharing a nonzero polynomial
Authors: Sahoo Pulak , Seikh Sajahan
Published: May 2016

In the paper, we study the uniqueness of meromorphic functions when certain nonlinear differential polynomials share a nonzero polynomial. The results of the paper improves two recent results due to [LI, X. M.—YI, H. X.: Uniqueness of meromorphic functions whose certain nonlinear differential polynomials share a polynomial, Comput. Math. Appl. 62 (2011), 539–550].
Time periodic solutions for a sixth order nonlinear parabolic equation
Authors: Liu Changchun , Wang Zhao
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we study the time periodic solution of a sixth order nonlinear parabolic equation, which arises in oil-water-surfactant mixtures based on Leray-Schauder’s fixed point theorem, we prove the existence of time-periodic solutions.
Characterization of quasi-continuity of multifunctions of two variables
Authors: Fotiy Olena , Maslyuchenko Oleksandr , Nesterenko Vasyľ
Published: May 2016

We prove that a compact-valued multifunction F: X × Y → Z, where X is a Baire space and Y, Z are separable metrizable spaces, is quasi-continuous if and only if F is horizontally quasi-continuous and there exists an residual subset M of X such that for any x ∈ M the multifunction F

x
= F(x, ·) is quasi-continuous on Y.
Confidence regions in singular weakly nonlinear regression models with constraints
Authors: Kubáček Lubomír
Published: May 2016

It is rather complicated to construct the confidence region in nonlinear regression model mainly when number of parameters is large. If the nonlinearity of the model is weak, then it is possible, after some modification, to approximate the confidence region by a confidence ellipsoid in the linearized model. The aim of the paper is to propose a solution in singular models with constraints.
Radioactive 210Po in magnesium supplements
Authors: Strumińska-Parulska Dagmara Ida
Published: May 2016

The aim of this pioneer study was to determine polonium 210Po in the most popular magnesium supplements in Poland and
estimate the possible related dose assessment to the consumers. The analyzed magnesium pharmaceutics contained organic or inorganic
magnesium compounds; some from natural sources. The objectives of this research were to investigate the naturally occurring
210Po activity concentrations in magnesium supplements, find the correlations between 210Po concentration in
medicament and magnesium chemical form, and calculate the effective radiation dose connected to analyzed magnesium supplement
consumption.

The highest 210Po activity concentrations were determined in mineral tablets made from sedimentary rocks, namely dolomite
– 3.84 ± 0.15 mBq g
–1 (sample Mg17). The highest annual radiation dose from 210Po taken with 1 tablet of
magnesium supplement per day or with 400 mg of pure Mg daily would come from sample Mg17 (dolomite) – 1.35  ±  0.5 and
8.44 ± 0.33 μSv year
–1 respectively.
Effect of reinforcement content on the density, mechanical and tribological properties of Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 hybrid reinforced copper-matrix pantograph slide
Authors: Fu Xuelong , Hu Yubing , Peng Gan , Tao Jie
Published: May 2016

As an important part of the pantograph and catenary system, the pantograph slide receives increasing attention from investigators, mainly focused on the interfacial bonding and characteristics, electrical conductivity, and friction and wear characteristics under current-carrying circumstances. In the article, hybrid reinforcements of titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2) and nano-alumina (nano-Al2O3) particles pretreated by electroless plating process were firstly blended with copper powders and then prepressed and vacuum hot pressed to fabricate the hybrid reinforced copper-matrix pantographs (HRCPs). The relative density, mechanical and electrical properties of Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 HRCPs were calculated and measured. The tribological performance of the HRCPs reinforced with 1 wt%~5 wt% of alumina particles and 20 wt%~40 wt% of Ti3SiC2 reinforcements was also analyzed.
First-Principles Calculations of the Mechanical and Elastic Properties of 2Hc- and 2Ha-WS2/CrS2 Under Pressure
Authors: Jiang Hua-Long , Jia Song-Hao , Zhou Da-Wei , Pu Chun-Ying , Zhang Fei-Wu , Zhang Shuai
Published: May 2016

By utilizing the first-principles method, the pressure-induced effects on phase transition, mechanical stability, and elastic properties of WS2/CrS2 are investigated in the pressure range from 0 to 80 GPa. Transitions from 2Hc to 2Ha for WS2 and CrS2 are found to occur at 17.5 and 25 GPa, respectively. It is found that both 2Ha and 2Hc phases of WS2 and CrS2 meet the mechanical stability criteria up to 80 GPa, suggesting that those structures are mechanically stable. The bulk and shear modulus anisotropy of the two phases of WS2 and CrS2 decrease rapidly under pressure and, finally, trend to isotropy. With increasing pressure, the elastic moduli (Y, B, and G), sound velocities (v
s, v
p, v
m), and Debye temperatures (Θ) of 2Ha and 2Hc of WS2 and CrS2 increase monotonously. Moreover, the Debye temperature (Θ) of 2Hc phase is higher than that of 2Ha phase for both WS2 and CrS2. The bulk, shear, and Young’s modulus, Poisson coefficient, and brittle/ductile behaviour are estimated. The percentages of anisotropy in compressibility and shear and the ratio of bulk to shear modulus (B/G) are also studied.
Synthesis, structures, and properties of Mn(II) and Cd(II) thiocyanato coordination compounds with 2,5-dimethylpyrazine as co-ligand
Authors: Suckert Stefan , Wöhlert Susanne , Näther Christian
Published: May 2016

Reaction of manganese (II) thiocyanate with 2,5-dimethylpyrazine leads to the formation of three new coordination compounds of compositions Mn(NCS)2(2,5-dimethylpyrazine)2(H2O)2(1), Mn(NCS)2(H2O)2(MeOH)2-tris(2,5-dimethylpyrazine) solvate (2), and Mn(NCS)2(H2O)4-tetrakis(2,5-dimethylpyrazine) solvate (3) that were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In their crystal structures, the Mn(II) cations are sixfold coordinated by two terminally N-bonded thiocyanato anions and two water molecules as well as by two 2,5-dimethylpyrazine ligands (1), two ethanol (2), or two water molecules (3), within slightly distorted octahedra. In compounds2and3, additional 2,5-dimethylpyrazine ligands are located in the cavities of the structures as solvate molecules. X-ray powder diffraction has shown that compounds1and2cannot be prepared as pure phases and that batches of compound3contain only minor traces of a contamination. Differential thermoanalysis and thermogravimetry have revealed that upon heating of compound3, an intermediate of composition Mn(NCS)2(2,5-dimethylpyrazine) (4) is formed, which cannot be obtained from solution. To mimic the structure of4, single crystals of a Cd compound of the same composition (5) were prepared from the liquid phase, and single crystal X-ray analysis has shown that it is isotypic to4.
No Effect of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on Intertemporal Decision-Making in Parkinson Patients
Authors: Seinstra Maayke , Wojtecki Lars , Storzer Lena , Schnitzler Alfons , Kalenscher Tobias
Published: May 2016

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a widely used treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). DBS or pharmacological treatment is believed to modulate the tendency to, or reverse, impulse control disorders. Several brain areas involved in impulsivity and reward valuation, such as the prefrontal cortex and striatum, are linked to the STN, and activity in these areas might be affected by STN-DBS. To investigate the effect of STN-DBS on one type of impulsive decision-making—delay discounting (i.e., the devaluation of reward with increasing delay until its receipt)—we tested 40 human PD patients receiving STN-DBS treatment and medication for at least 3 months. Patients were pseudo-randomly assigned to one of four groups to test the effects of DBS on/off states as well as medication on/off states on delay discounting. The delay-discounting task consisted of a series of choices among a smaller. sooner or a larger, later monetary reward. Despite considerable effects of DBS on motor performance, patients receiving STN-DBS did not choose more or less impulsively compared with those in the off-DBS group, as well as when controlling for risk attitude. Although null results have to be interpreted with caution, our findings are of significance to other researchers studying the effects of PD treatment on impulsive decision-making, and they are of clinical relevance for determining the therapeutic benefits of using STN-DBS.
EPSPs Measured in Proximal Dendritic Spines of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Acker Corey D. , Hoyos Erika , Loew Leslie M.
Published: May 2016

EPSPs occur when the neurotransmitter glutamate binds to postsynaptic receptors located on small pleomorphic membrane protrusions called dendritic spines. To transmit the synaptic signal, these potentials must travel through the spine neck and the dendritic tree to reach the soma. Due to their small size, the electrical behavior of spines and their ability to compartmentalize electrical signals has been very difficult to assess experimentally. In this study, we developed a method to perform simultaneous two-photon voltage-sensitive dye recording with two-photon glutamate uncaging in order to measure the characteristics (amplitude and duration) of uncaging-evoked EPSPs in single spines on the basal dendrites of L5 pyramidal neurons in acute brain slices from CD1 control mice. We were able to record uncaging-evoked spine potentials that resembled miniature EPSPs at the soma from a wide range of spine morphologies. In proximal spines, these potentials averaged 13.0 mV (range, 6.5–30.8 mV;N= 20) for an average somatic EPSP of 0.59 mV, whereas the mean attenuation ratio (spine/soma) was found to be 25.3. Durations of spine EPSP waveforms were found to be 11.7 ms on average. Modeling studies demonstrate the important role that spine neck resistance (Rneck) plays in spine EPSP amplitudes. Simulations used to estimateRneckby fits to voltage-sensitive dye measurements produced a mean of 179 MΩ (range, 23–420 MΩ;N= 19). Independent measurements based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of a cytosolic dye from spines of the same population of neurons produced a meanRneckestimate of 204 MΩ (range, 52–521 MΩ;N= 34).
Bid Promotes K63-Linked Polyubiquitination of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Factor 6 (TRAF6) and Sensitizes to MutantSOD1-Induced Proinflammatory Signaling in Microglia
Authors: Kinsella Sinéad , König Hans-Georg , Prehn Jochen H.M.
Published: May 2016

Mutations in thesuperoxide dismutase 1(SOD1) gene contribute to motoneuron degeneration and are evident in 20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases. MutantSOD1induces microglial activation through a stimulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4). In the present study, we identified the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid as a positive regulator of mutantSOD1-induced TLR-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in microglia.bid-deficient primary mouse microglia showed reduced NF-κB signaling in response to TLR4 activation or exposure to conditioned medium derived fromSOD1G93Aexpressing NSC-34 cells. Attenuation of NF-κB signaling inbid-deficient microglia was associated with lower levels of phosphorylated IKKα/β and p65, with a delayed degradation of IκBα and enhanced degradation of Peli1. Upstream of IKK, we found that Bid interacted with, and promoted, the K63-linked polyubiquitination of the E3 ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in microglia. Our study suggests a key role for Bid in the regulation of TLR4-NF-κB proinflammatory signaling during mutantSOD1-induced disease pathology.

Bid promotes TLR4-NF-κB signaling by interacting with TRAF6 and promoting TRAF6 K63-linked polyubiquitination in microglia.
Diseño y evaluación de herramientas lúdicas de aprendizaje socio-ambiental para identificar actitudes, motivaciones y decisiones de la juventud rural campesina contemporánea
Authors: Meza-Jiménez Amayrani , García-Barrios Luis Enrique , Saldívar-Moreno Antonio , Vera-Noriega José Ángel
Published: May 2016

The current and potential relationship of contemporary rural youth with the agricultural and natural patrimony (PAN, according to its Spanish initials) that they will inherit is little known, but vitally important. In this study, we designed, adapted, and evaluated a variety of socio-environmental learning tools in order to identify and reflect on the opinions, actions, and motivations of 14 to 17 year olds in an area of the Sepultura Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico to use their PAN in the future. The methodological approach consisted of exploring discourses using the Q method and three original table games (Mi territorio ideal, El carga palito y Manantiales de la Sierra). 46 teens were shown how to use these four tools, their use was monitored in workshops, and results were recorded and statistically analyzed. These tools allowed a) identifying at least four discourses of the teens regarding the use of their PAN, and b) reveal to the teens the preferences for land use, levels of diversification and intensification, and their disposition toward behaviors of dominance/subordination, competition, cooperation, coordination, equity, and solidarity that emerge from their decision making regarding PAN. Participants said they understood and enjoyed these tools, and that they learned about their own motivations. Together, these materials conform a dynamic educational approach that allows teachers and students to identify external and internal motivations, conservation behavior, intensification and diversification for managing PAN, attitudes of dominance and equity among teens, and preferences towards individual or collective working. This proposal is innovative, participatory, dynamic, and contextualized, and has great potential to be incorporated in the middle school curriculum in the study area and in similar rural regions of Mexico, as well as in the rest of Latin America and the world.
La fotografía como intermediaria en un proyecto artístico- educativo informal que retrató la vida de las mujeres saharauis
Authors: Landeros-Casillas Martha Ileana
Published: May 2016

This investigation was carried out in one of the most unwelcoming areas of the Sahara Desert, in the argelian Tindouf Refugee Camps where part of the Sahrawi community lives. A photography workshop was held for the women with the aim of allowing their images show the reality around them and work to reweave the social fabric broken, not voluntarily but under imposition. Recovering the public space, through voices and looks, will let us understand, from the perspective and opinions of the Sahrawi women, their longings and feelings, in order that such visual, verbal and textual narratives generate more successful actions to support reality-aware and solidarity programs. In addition, the international community was sensitized about a reality that is present even if it seems unreal and far away. To understand the discourses of the sahrawi women, gender and subaltern studies were considered, and to visualize their voices and creations we focused on educational research from horizontality offered by the Entre Voces (Between Voices) methodology.
Autoestima, motivación e inteligencia emocional: Tres factores influyentes en el diseño exitoso de un proyecto de vida de jóvenes estudiantes de educación media
Authors: Lomelí-Parga Andrea Magdalena , López-Padilla María Guadalupe , Valenzuela-González Jaime Ricardo
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this research study is to depict the factors that allow young people to effectively carry out their life projects by planning short, mid, and long term goals. The population sample participating in this study was comprised of middle and high school students. This research was executed using mixed methods in order to identify the determining factors for young people who plan to have success in facing the daily life challenges, as well as today’s society demands, through a solid construction of their private vision of the future. The results of this project determine that the features which allow the conclusion of students’ life projects are closely related with a high self-esteem and motivation, as well as some emotional intelligence that allow students to visualize a successful personal and professional future.
¿Cómo y con qué propósitos leer para aprender en historia? Sentidos contrastantes adjudicados a la lectura en la formación docente
Authors: Cartolari Manuela
Published: May 2016

Currently, contributions of socio-rethorical research, specific teaching and applied linguistics have shown extensively that learning contents in a discipline implies the gradual appropriation of particular ways of thinking and reading in a certain field of knowledge. Nevertheless, it is not clear yet in which way/s the relationship between how to read and how to learn to (re)construct the content of a particular discipline take place in a classroom. Drawing from this situation, the purpose of this study was to identify and analyze how and with which meanings, teachers and students connect learning history contents with characteristic ways of reading in History. For that purpose, we observed and recorded all classes that took place during the second semester of a scholar year in three courses of a History pre-service teachers’ program imparted in Buenos Aires. Simultaneously, in-depth interviews to students and educators were conducted. The qualitative analysis of the collected data shows that participants report reading modes similar to those that, according to various studies, experts in History report. In this article, we analyze particularly two of the most frequent ways of reading that students reported in the interviews: 1) read to analyze the historical perspective or historiographical work of authors; and 2) read to understand processes versus read to memorize dates and events. Results show that students can ascribe to these ways of readin, a disciplinary sense –seeking to perform them on their own– or an arbitrary sense –trying to reproduce/imitate the professor’s own interpretations about texts they do not fully undestand–. The attribution of a disciplinary or arbitrary sense seems closely related on whether the aforementioned ways of reading in History are contextualized and put into play in dialogic or monologic teaching and learning class-environments. Since many educational policies emphasize the importance to prepare “teachers as researchers”, showing the necessary interpenetration of instruction and knowledge production activities, our study contributes to the discussion about how pedagogical practices can promote or hinder History pre-service teachers’ disposition to read, study and learn about what they read, positioning themselves as legitimate interpreters and (re)constructors of the disciplinary content knowledge they will teach in the future, instead of just as reproducers of other’s interpretations.
Factores sociales y educativos asociados con la deserción del estudiantado de séptimo nivel del Liceo Francisco Amiguetti Herrera, Región Huetar Norte, durante 2012
Authors: González-Kopper Natalia
Published: May 2016

This article shows the results of a research from a qualitative approach. The project aimed to analyze the social and educational factors associated with the students´ dropout in seventh level at Liceo Amiguetti Francisco Herrera in 2012. Some instruments were designed and applied to a sample of four students who dropped school in 2012, four parents of these students, nine teachers and the high school principal. Social aspects, such as family, relationship between parents and the institution, family support, communication as well as labor and economic aspects were analyzed. Among the educational factors, the transition from sixth to seventh level, pedagogical mediation of teachers, the role of the guidance professional, teaching resources, evaluation, study habits, student-teacher relationship, class schedule and academic load were also assessed. Detailed interviews were used as a qualitative technique in order to know, from the participants´ point of view, their perception about school dropouts. Besides these interviews, as the primary source of information for the achievement of the objectives, it was also necessary to apply the method of “documents analysis” to learn more about the school being studied, its history, registration and dropout figures, among others. The information analysis came from three different perspectives: dropped students, their parents and teachers´ interviews. Thus, the results obtained are enriched. Subsequently, in order to put the collected information from the interviews together, all data was triangulated. The main results show that the labor and economic factors influence the students´ dropout. The transition from sixth to seventh level is a fundamental issue since respondents believe that this change is difficult for students. The study recommends the implementation of workshops on communication, life project, motivation, conflict-solving issues, self-esteem, desire to success, academic performance and values; all these topics with the support from the counselling department. Workshops are proposed to establish strategies to help find solutions to the dropout issue.
Inclusión en la educación universitaria. Las palabras y experiencias detrás del proceso
Authors: Delgado-Sanoja Hellman Denis , Blanco-Gómez Gisela
Published: May 2016

Inclusion is a social and political principle built around the ideal of equality that was embodied in the recognition of equity and ensuring access to opportunities. Education, at different levels of coverage, it is a bridge connecting both aspects. Inclusive education is a process of transformation and accompaniment in which people are formed independently, quality and participation, despite the diversity. This study is part of a line of research that seeks through the use of qualitative methodology phenomenological approach, understand from the speech of eleven students with disabilities and six teachers, how it is unfolding the entry of these in the spaces a public institution of higher education in Venezuela. For this, the semi-structured interview was used content analysis through Atlas. Ti and triangulation of data. They came four categories of analysis (“income” “physical and mental disabilities, an indissoluble line”, “I was told” and “I left out”). The findings set out a shared vision among stakeholders about the juridical equality on the issue of income, but in the case of conditional upon the requirement of an exhibition of a guarantee of success and assisted career choice teachers. practices of exclusion and discrimination were reported in income, which intangible happen in relationships that are established internally and need to be revised. The greatest difficulties appear are around the prosecution and not on income. Both actors agree on the vision of a welfare and income demanding institution, but neglected in the accompaniment and the transformation that should characterize a process of inclusive education.
A Learner’s Self-Regulated Learning in Writing
Authors: Kartika Hapsari Dwi
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze  Self-Regulated Learning (SLR) upon the process of  writing task.  The Motivated and Learning Strategies Questionnaire (MLSQ) developed by Pintrich was used to generate the participant's cognitive and metacognitive activity.  Data were collected from the participant’s journal written during her task performance and from her scores from three essay assignments in Psychology and Instruction subject. The result indicated an improvement in the participant’s writing performance, such as recalling previous knowledge and reviewing her writing. It showed that the participant’s marks among the three assignments significantly increased. The result also indicated participant’s difficulties and strength in her writing. However, The study further suggested time expansion to obtain a more comprehensive SLR performance, such as motivational and emotional aspects. Permalink/DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v2i2.3085
Slaking and deformation behaviour
Authors: Kikumoto M. , Putra A. D. , Fukuda T.
Published: May 2016

Slaking is a mechanical–hydraulic process in which geomaterials disintegrate or crumble when subjected to wetting and drying cycles; mudstone is particularly susceptible to this process. This paper explores the slaking behaviour of geomaterials derived from several kinds of mudstone and the mechanical consequences using a comprehensive set of experimental data obtained through accelerated slaking tests and newly developed one-dimensional compression slaking tests. These data confirm that slaking in crushed mudstone is accompanied by a variation in the particle size distribution during wetting and drying cycles, and a variation in grading results in an irreversible change in mechanical characteristics, such as the reference packing density. Significant compression is also found to occur without any change in effective confining stress. The results of X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy are also used to elucidate the effects of mineralogy and particle texture on the slaking characteristics of crushed mudstone. Finally, it is also mentioned that constitutive modelling can take slaking into consideration by describing the evolution of an appropriate grading index due to slaking, and then linking this to reference packing density.
The Macroeconomic Risks of Undesirably Low Inflation
Authors: Arias Jonas E. , Erceg Christopher , Trabandt Mathias
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the macroeconomic risks associated with undesirably low inflation using a medium-sized New Keynesian model. We consider different causes of persistently low inflation, including a downward shift in long-run inflation expectations, a fall in nominal wage growth, and a favorable supply-side shock. We show that the macroeconomic effects of persistently low inflation depend crucially on its underlying cause, as well as on the extent to which monetary policy is constrained by the zero lower bound. Finally, we discuss policy options to mitigate these effects.
AVT in Italy: Successes and Failures
Authors: Giampieri Patrizia
Published: May 2016

Today audiovisual translation (AVT) occupies an important place in our lives. In a country like Italy, where all foreign films are dubbed, an analysis of how AVT does justice to original films has become compelling. Audiovisual translations can in fact be very challenging, as AVT professionals act not only as language translators, but also as cultural mediators. In this paper, the pitfalls of AVT will be brought to the fore, together with successful instances. Translation patterns will hence be highlighted, together with some possible reasons for adaptations, modifications and unfaithful renderings. Conclusions will be drawn, on the basis of the gathered evidence. In particular, what will emerge is that most of the times the greatest impediments to a faithful rendering may lie in cramped budgets, time constraints, cultural adaptations, adherence to fixed translation norms and technicalities. A final call for change in AVT will be urged, mainly focussing on the importance of raising the audience's awareness and on not reducing AVT to a mere “business as usual” matter.
A Cognitive Linguistics Approach to Chinese Classifier Teaching: An Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Liulin , Jiang Song
Published: May 2016

Chinese is commonly recognized as a classifier language with an obligatory classifier for any noun with numeral. Based on the fact that in almost all Chinese textbooks the usage of classifiers is introduced by a set of mechanical rules combining a few isolated examples, most students without classifier language background need to learn by rote memorization. This traditional approach overlooks the polysemous properties of Chinese classifiers that the functions of an individual classifier are normally related to a central sense, and the extension of meanings and functions is usually highly motivated. According to the cognitive linguistics approach (CL approach) to language instruction, presenting students with the central sense as well as the motivation underlying meaning extension facilitates students’ initial learning, long-term retention, as well as identification of unfamiliar uses of polysemy. Taking the Chinese classifier 道dao as an example, the present study focuses on the effect of CL approach in the Chinese classifier learning of advanced level Chinese learners with English as their first language. Participants were assigned to two groups and received different instructions. The result shows a statistically significant effect, but the benefit of CL approach lies mainly in the ability to identify uninstructed extended uses.
The Development of Integrative Assessment Model for the Subject of Bahasa Indonesia in Senior High School Students
Authors: Karumpa Aco , Parawangsa Paturungi , Mansyur Mansyur , Saleh Muhammad
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this research is to develop an integrative assessment model for the subject of Bahasa Indonesia that is effective for high school students. This research was a research and development with some stages proposed by Borg and Gall & Sugiyono. Development of the model begun with preliminary studies, preparation of prototypes, validity test conducted by experts, testing of models in schools, and the analysis of testing results. The calculation for the validity of the model conducted by using Aiken analysis showed some findings. First, the validity of attitude assessment showed that 0.96> 0.83 (very valid). Second, the validity of the knowledge assessment showed that 1.79> 0.73 (very valid). Third, the validity of skills assessment showed that 0.865> 0.860 (valid). In addition, the calculation for the model performed by using Coefficient Cohen’ Kappa also showed some findings as follows. First, the reliability of attitude assessment showed that 0, 87>0, 70 (very reliable). Second, the reliability of the knowledge assessment showed that 1.79> 0.73 (very reliable).  Third, the reliability of skills assessment showed that 0, 71>0, 70 (reliable). The calculation for the practicality of the model conducted by five teachers proves several things. First, the practicality of attitude assessment showed that 3, 6 (very practical). Second, the practicality of the knowledge assessment showed that 3, 5 (very practical). Third, the practicality of skills assessment showed that 3, 7 (very practical). These findings demonstrate that integrative assessment model is very effective for assessing the ability of high school students.