bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the dichotomisation of care and reablement: an ethnographic exploration of contradictions between policy rhetoric and practice in Danish and Norwegian eldercare
Authors: Graff Lea , Vabø Mia
Published: September 2023

Reablement has been positioned as a superior care ideal distinct from home care. Drawing on cross-national ethnographic data, this article instead demonstrates how the continuity and interdependency between reablement and conventional home care is more significant than suggested by policy rhetoric. Findings highlight the continuities and overlaps between activating and compensatory care, for example, how compensatory care might take the form of psychosocial reablement, activating and enabling even the frailest clients to age in place. The article concludes by pointing to the dangers of a narrow conception of reablement and argues for the benefits of more focused attention on clients’ psychosocial well-being.
Frequency offset estimation for nonlinear frequency division multiplexing with continuous spectrum modulation
Authors: He Yonghua , Li Jianping , He Jianqing , Qin Yuwen , Yu Xinkuo , Lin Ning , Zhou Gai , Xiang Meng , Fu Songnian
Published: September 2023

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is very important for the optical fiber communications and has been studied widely in linear coherent systems, while only a few works have been reported for nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) based systems. In continuous spectrum (CS) modulation nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (CS-NFDM) systems, frequency offset (FO) has a great influence on its performance, requiring an improved frequency offset estimation (FOE) method. We found that the oversampling rate R0 adopted in NFDM to ensure the accuracy of the NFT and inverse NFT (INFT) calculations, would cause the estimation accuracy of the traditional FFT-FOE method to decrease by R0 times. Moreover, CS-NFDM signals with higher baud rate require more subcarriers and then result in an oversampling factor greater than 16. This makes the traditional FFT-FOE method be ineffective to use the common training sequence (TS) overhead to meet the FOE error requirement of CS-NFDM system. Therefore, a modified FOE method based on FFT assisted by TS and autocorrelation has been proposed. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method is applicable to CS-NFDM system, no matter what modulation format is used. For 512 subcarriers, with a high rate of 70GBaud and the TS length of 8192, the proposed method can obtain a minimum FO estimation error about 0.1 MHz, which is better than the other two typical FFT-FOE and Schmidl & Cox methods. In addition, the proposed method can save at least 87.5% and 50% overhead. Thus, the proposed method has obvious improvement for CS-NFDM system with requiring high oversampling rate.
Photo-induced thermal radiation of optical interference coatings submitted to a spatio-temporal illumination
Authors: Rouquette P. , Amra C. , Zerrad M. , Grèzes-Besset C. , Krol H.
Published: September 2023

We present an electromagnetic model for photo-induced thermal radiation in multi-layer interference filters subjected to arbitrary pulsed illumination with limited beam size. Numerical calculation is used to analyze various structures affecting thermal radiation, such as multi-dielectric mirrors in the mid-infrared range. Other zero-admittance structures are shown to strongly confine and enhance the thermal radiation with an emissivity close to unity at pre-defined frequencies (wavelength and angles). Calculation tools are chosen that encourage the use of techniques for synthesizing thin-film multilayers able to control thermal radiation.
Massive laser pulling of graphene nanosheets in water
Authors: Wang Shige , Wang Lei , Zhao Qiuling , Wang Xia
Published: September 2023

Light manipulation of graphene-based materials attracts much attentions. As a new light manipulation concept, optical pulling develops rapidly in the past decade. However, optical pulling of graphene in liquid is rarely reported. In this work, laser pulling of graphene nanosheets (GN) in pure water by using common gauss beams is presented. This phenomenon holds for multiple incident laser wavelengths including 405 nm, 488 nm, 532 nm and 650 nm. A particle image velocimetry software PIVlab is adopted to analyze the velocity field information of GN. The laser pulling velocity of the GN is approximately ∼ 0.5 mm/s corresponding to ∼ 103 body length/s, which increases with an increase of the incident laser energy. This work presents a contactless mothed to massively pull microscale graphene materials in simple liquid, which supplies a potential manipulation technique for micro-nanofluidic devices and also provides a platform to investigate laser-graphene interaction in a simple liquid phase medium.
Asymmetric transmission devices empowered by a cascaded structure of a dielectric metasurface-photonic crystal
Authors: Wei Xinran , Liang Yuzhang , Sun Yuhan , Zou Yi , Fang Yurui , Xu Ting , Peng Wei
Published: September 2023

In this Letter, we theoretically propose an all-dielectric quasi-three-dimensional subwavelength structure constructed by a dielectric metasurface cascaded with a multilayer photonic crystal (PC) to achieve a high-performance asymmetric optical transmission (AOT). The desired optical control of the AOT is realized by combining the predetermined anomalous beam steering of a phase gradient metasurface with a unique bandgap as well as transmission characteristics of the multilayered stacked PC. The simulated results demonstrate that the proposed AOT device operating at the center wavelength of 633 nm with a circularly polarized state exhibits a high transmission of up to 62.4% with a contrast ratio exceeding 606. The excellent performance of AOT is achieved by making disassembled transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarized light under the same deflection angle concurrently match with respective high-efficient transmission bands in the multilayer PC. Furthermore, dependence of the performance of the proposed device on structural dimensions is also explored. Fortunately, the designed AOT structure is applicable to any linearly polarized light but is accompanied by double diffraction channels as compared to the circularly polarized light case. Owing to its planar configuration, passive operation, and compelling performance under various polarization states, the proposed strategy for achieving AOT paves a new road for realizing high-performance optical metadevices in compact optical systems.
Nonlinear transmission performance comparison employing 60 × 416.7-Gb/s TPS-64QAM and UD-16QAM systems with limited bandwidth
Authors: Jia Xiaoshuo , Yang Chao , Li Yan , Zhang Xiaona , Song Jingwei , Jin Zixiong , Luo Ming , Fan Runzhe , Chen Bin , Hong Xiaobin , Qiu Jifang , Yang Zhisheng , Wu Jian
Published: September 2023

The impacts of limited bandwidth on the nonlinear transmission performance are investigated by employing a truncated probabilistic shaped 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (TPS-64QAM) and a uniformly distributed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (UD-16QAM) over a bandwidth-limited 75-GHz spaced 25-Tb/s (60 × 416.7 Gb/s) 6300-km transmission system. In terms of nonlinear performance measured by optimal launch power, theoretical analyses show that a 0.4-dB improvement could be introduced by UD-16QAM with respect to TPS-64QAM over a 6300-km transmission without limited bandwidth. However, contrary results would be observed that TPS-64QAM would outperform UD-16QAM by about 0.8 dB in terms of optimal launch power when the impacts of limited bandwidth are considered. Besides, numerical simulations and experimental results could both validate that about 1.0-dB optimal launch power improvement could be obtained by TPS-64QAM under bandwidth-limited cases, which is roughly similar to the results of theoretical analyses. Additionally, WDM experimental results show that all 60 tested channels could agree with the BER requirements by employing TPS-64QAM, further validating the superiority of TPS-64QAM compared to UD-16QAM under bandwidth-limited cases.
iHerd: an integrative hierarchical graph representation learning framework to quantify network changes and prioritize risk genes in disease
Authors: Duan Ziheng , Dai Yi , Hwang Ahyeon , Lee Cheyu , Xie Kaichi , Xiao Chutong , Xu Min , Girgenti Matthew J. , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2023

Different genes form complex networks within cells to carry out critical cellular functions, while network alterations in this process can potentially introduce downstream transcriptome perturbations and phenotypic variations. Therefore, developing efficient and interpretable methods to quantify network changes and pinpoint driver genes across conditions is crucial. We propose a hierarchical graph representation learning method, called iHerd. Given a set of networks, iHerd first hierarchically generates a series of coarsened sub-graphs in a data-driven manner, representing network modules at different resolutions (e.g., the level of signaling pathways). Then, it sequentially learns low-dimensional node representations at all hierarchical levels via efficient graph embedding. Lastly, iHerd projects separate gene embeddings onto the same latent space in its graph alignment module to calculate a rewiring index for driver gene prioritization. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we applied iHerd on a tumor-to-normal GRN rewiring analysis and cell-type-specific GCN analysis using single-cell multiome data of the brain. We showed that iHerd can effectively pinpoint novel and well-known risk genes in different diseases. Distinct from existing models, iHerd’s graph coarsening for hierarchical learning allows us to successfully classify network driver genes into early and late divergent genes (EDGs and LDGs), emphasizing genes with extensive network changes across and within signaling pathway levels. This unique approach for driver gene classification can provide us with deeper molecular insights. The code is freely available at https://github.com/aicb-ZhangLabs/iHerd. All other relevant data are within the manuscript and supporting information files.
Heart murmur detection from phonocardiogram recordings: The George B. Moody PhysioNet Challenge 2022
Authors: Reyna Matthew A. , Kiarashi Yashar , Elola Andoni , Oliveira Jorge , Renna Francesco , Gu Annie , Perez Alday Erick A. , Sadr Nadi , Sharma Ashish , Kpodonu Jacques , Mattos Sandra , Coimbra Miguel T. , Sameni Reza , Rad Ali Bahrami , Clifford Gari D.
Published: September 2023

Cardiac auscultation is an accessible diagnostic screening tool that can help to identify patients with heart murmurs, who may need follow-up diagnostic screening and treatment for abnormal cardiac function. However, experts are needed to interpret the heart sounds, limiting the accessibility of cardiac auscultation in resource-constrained environments. Therefore, the George B. Moody PhysioNet Challenge 2022 invited teams to develop algorithmic approaches for detecting heart murmurs and abnormal cardiac function from phonocardiogram (PCG) recordings of heart sounds. For the Challenge, we sourced 5272 PCG recordings from 1452 primarily pediatric patients in rural Brazil, and we invited teams to implement diagnostic screening algorithms for detecting heart murmurs and abnormal cardiac function from the recordings. We required the participants to submit the complete training and inference code for their algorithms, improving the transparency, reproducibility, and utility of their work. We also devised an evaluation metric that considered the costs of screening, diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and treatment, allowing us to investigate the benefits of algorithmic diagnostic screening and facilitate the development of more clinically relevant algorithms. We received 779 algorithms from 87 teams during the Challenge, resulting in 53 working codebases for detecting heart murmurs and abnormal cardiac function from PCG recordings. These algorithms represent a diversity of approaches from both academia and industry, including methods that use more traditional machine learning techniques with engineered clinical and statistical features as well as methods that rely primarily on deep learning models to discover informative features. The use of heart sound recordings for identifying heart murmurs and abnormal cardiac function allowed us to explore the potential of algorithmic approaches for providing more accessible diagnostic screening in resource-constrained environments. The submission of working, open-source algorithms and the use of novel evaluation metrics supported the reproducibility, generalizability, and clinical relevance of the research from the Challenge.
Diagnostic testing in people with primary ciliary dyskinesia: An international participatory study
Authors: Schreck Leonie Daria , Pedersen Eva Sophie Lunde , Cizeau Isabelle , Müller Loretta , Kruljac Catherine , Lucas Jane S. , Goutaki Myrofora ,   COVID-PCD patient advisory group, Kuehni Claudia E.
Published: September 2023

Diagnostic tests are important in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare disease, to confirm the diagnosis and characterize the disease. We compared diagnostic tests for PCD between countries worldwide, assessed whether people with PCD recall their tests, and identified factors associated with the use of tests. We used cross-sectional data from COVID-PCD—an international participatory cohort study collecting information directly from people with PCD. The baseline questionnaire inquired about tests used for PCD diagnosis. Using logistic regression, we investigated factors associated with measurement of nasal nitric oxide (nNO), biopsy for electron or video microscopy, and genetic testing. We included data from 747 participants (60% females) from 49 countries worldwide with median age 27 (interquartile range 12–44). Most (92%) reported diagnostic tests for PCD. Participants reported measurements of nNO (342; 49%), biopsy samples (561; 75%), and genetic tests (435; 58%). The reported use of individual tests, such as genetics, varied between countries from 38% in Switzerland to 68% in North America. Participant recall of test type also differed between countries with lowest recall in Switzerland. One-third (232; 36%) of participants reported all three tests (nNO, biopsy, and genetics). Recently diagnosed people reported more tests [nNO odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.5–3.2; biopsy OR 3.2, 95%CI 2.1–4.9; genetics OR 4.7, 95%CI 3.2–6.9] and those with situs abnormalities fewer tests (nNO OR 0.5, 95%CI 0.4–0.7; biopsy OR 0.5, 95%CI 0.4–0.8; genetics OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.5–0.94). Our results indicate PCD diagnostic testing differed widely around the world and many patients received incomplete diagnostic work-up based only on clinical features or single tests. People diagnosed long ago and those with situs abnormalities possibly benefit from supplementary testing to refine their diagnosis as a prerequisite for personalized medicine.
CT radiomics for noninvasively predicting NQO1 expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Zenglei , Shen Xiaoyong , Wang Bin , Xu Li , Ling Qi
Published: September 2023

Using noninvasive radiomics to predict pathological biomarkers is an innovative work worthy of exploration. This retrospective cohort study aimed to analyze the correlation between NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression levels and the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to construct radiomic models to predict the expression levels of NQO1 prior to surgery. Data of patients with HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the corresponding arterial phase-enhanced CT images from The Cancer Imaging Archive were obtained for prognosis analysis, radiomic feature extraction, and model development. In total, 286 patients with HCC from TCGA were included. According to the cut-off value calculated using R, patients were divided into high-expression (n = 143) and low-expression groups (n = 143). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that higher NQO1 expression levels were significantly associated with worse prognosis in patients with HCC (p = 0.017). Further multivariate analysis confirmed that high NQO1 expression was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR = 1.761, 95% CI: 1.136−2.73, p = 0.011). Based on the arterial phase-enhanced CT images, six radiomic features were extracted, and a new bi-regional radiomics model was established, which could noninvasively predict higher NQO1 expression with good performance. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9079 (95% CI 0.8127–1.0000). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.86, 0.88, and 0.84, respectively, with a threshold value of 0.404. The data verification of our center showed that this model has good predictive efficiency, with an AUC of 0.8791 (95% CI 0.6979–1.0000). In conclusion, there existed a significant correlation between the CT image features and the expression level of NQO1, which could indirectly reflect the prognosis of patients with HCC. The predictive model based on arterial phase CT imaging features has good stability and diagnostic efficiency and is a potential means of identifying the expression level of NQO1 in HCC tissues before surgery.
Promoting participation in physical activity through Snacktivity: A qualitative mixed methods study
Authors: Krouwel Matthew , Greenfield Sheila M. , Chalkley Anna , Sanders James P. , Parretti Helen M. , Gokal Kajal , Jolly Kate , Skrybant Magdalena , Biddle Stuart J. H. , Greaves Colin , Maddison Ralph , Mutrie Nanette , Ives Natalie , Esliger Dale W. , Sherar Lauren , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Yates Tom , Frew Emma , Tearne Sarah , Daley Amanda J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Public health guidance acknowledges the benefits of physical activity of any duration. We have proposed a whole-day approach to promoting physical activity called Snacktivity™, which encourages frequent 2–5 minute ‘activity snacks’ of moderate-to-vigorous intensity.

Methods

Using repeated semi-structured interviews and a think aloud protocol, this study aimed to understand participants’ experiences of integrating Snacktivity™ into daily life, to provide insights to refine the delivery of Snacktivity™ interventions. Physically inactive adults recruited via primary care and a community health service engaged with an intervention to encourage Snacktivity™ over three weeks, which included using a Fitbit and linked mobile phone app (SnackApp). Participants took part in semi-structured interviews on two occasions during the intervention, with a sub-group participating in a think aloud study. Three study data sets were generated and independently explored using inductive thematic analysis, with findings combined into a single set of themes.

Results

Eleven adults participated in the interview study who were interviewed twice (total interviews completed n = 21, 1 participant declined the second interview), of whom six completed the think aloud study (total voice recordings n = 103). Three main themes emerged from the combined data; lived experience of participating in Snacktivity™, motivation for Snacktivity™ and experiences with the Snacktivity™ technology. Participants undertook a variety of activity snacks, utilising their environment, which they believed improved their psychological wellbeing. Participants were enthusiastic about Snacktivity™, with some stating that activity snacks were more accessible than traditional exercise, but perceived they were often prevented from doing so in the presence of others. Participants were mostly enthusiastic about using the Snacktivity™ technology.

Conclusion

Participants were able to incorporate Snacktivity™ into their lives, particularly at home, and found this approach acceptable. Participants felt they experienced health benefits from Snacktivity™ although barriers to participation were reported. This study offers insights for translating guidance into practice and supporting people to become more physically active.
Excess mortality and long-term disability from healthcare-associated carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: A nationwide population-based matched cohort study
Authors: Su Chiu-Hsia , Chien Li-Jung , Fang Chi-Tai , Chang Shan-Chwen
Published: September 2023

Background

Carbapenem resistance is perceived as a clinical challenge in the management of debilitated and immunocompromised patients who eventually will die from underlying diseases. We aimed to examine whether carbapenem resistance per se, rather than the underlying diseases, negatively affect outcomes, by comparing the excess mortality and morbidity from healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii (CSAB).

Methods

This was a nationwide retrospective matched cohort study of hospitalized patients in 96 hospitals which participated in Taiwan Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (TNIS). A total of 2,213 patients with A. baumannii HAIs were individually matched to 4,426 patients without HAIs. Main outcomes were excess risks for one-year all-cause mortality and one-year new-onset chronic ventilator dependence or dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease.

Results

Excess one-year mortality was 27.2% in CRAB patients, compared with their matched uninfected inpatients, as well as 15.4% in CSAB patients (also compared with their matched uninfected inpatients), resulting in an attributable mortality of 11.8% (P <0.001) associated with carbapenem resistance. The excess risk associated with carbapenem resistance for new-onset chronic ventilator dependence was 5.2% (P <0.001). Carbapenem resistance was also associated with an extra cost of $2,511 per case of A. baumannii HAIs (P <0.001).

Conclusion

Carbapenem resistance is associated with a significant disease burden in terms of excess mortality, long-term ventilator dependence, and medical cost. Further studies on effects of antimicrobial stewardship programs in decreasing this burden are warranted.
Investigation on hydrodynamic lubrication effect of micro groove seal in pharmaceutical kettle
Authors: Zhou Yinghua , Cheng Xing , Sun Fengming , Gong Ran
Published: September 2023

To improve the lubrication conditions of the seal in the pharmaceutical kettles, a specific shape groove with micrometer level on the sealing end face is set up to fully utilize the fluid dynamic pressure effect under given working conditions. A numerical model is developed to solve the pressure distribution in the micro groove, where any groove shape can be used. The numerical form of the model is derived using the principle of mass conservation without considering the film thickness derivative term, and the coordinate transformation is introduced to adapt to the curved shape of the groove. The cavitation phenomenon is taken into account in the flow field of the seal, and the JFO cavitation model is introduced to modify the Reynolds equation. The diversity of groove shapes is considered, and the node adsorption method is adopted to approximate the groove shape. The model is established based on the principle of mass conservation, which can adapt to any different groove shapes and has a strong scalability. By mathematical modeling and solving, the performances of the micro groove seal under different groove shapes are analyzed, providing a basis for the micro groove design of seal in pharmaceutical kettles.
Editorial
Authors: Watt Paul , Elkins Meg
Published: September 2023

This editorial problematizes the place of street musicians in community spaces and the ways in which articles in this Special Issue address the cultural, social and political forces affecting their artistry and well-being. It also considers the role of audiences and regulatory regimes as stakeholders in the creation of street music cultures in the community.
Del poema “Idilio muerto” a “Trilce VI”: el proceso de formación del lenguaje vallejiano
Authors: Segura Zariquiegui Ainhoa
Published: September 2023

César Vallejo es el gran poeta peruano universal. En cada lectura brinda la oportunidad de seguir disfrutando de un lenguaje personal cargado de una fuerza expresiva inaudita. Este artículo pretende analizar el proceso que, como una crisálida, tuvo lugar en Vallejo. Alejándose poco a poco de los modelos modernistas fue encontrando su propio ser poético. Para describir el fenómeno se ha tomado el poema “Idilio muerto” de Los heraldos negros (1919) y se ha realizado una comparación con “Trilce VI” del poemario Trilce (1922). El tópico de la amada es el lugar desde donde se enclava la analogía. Gracias a este análisis en torno a esta temática se puede observar el desarrollo poético del gran poeta peruano. Asimismo, se rememoran algunas cuestiones relacionadas con el lenguaje vallejiano de Trilce y su hermosa complejidad que siguen extasiando a los críticos tras cumplir cien años de su publicación.
Cargar la piedra de Sísifo. Los trabajos del/la testigo en tres momentos testimoniales (Nona Fernández, Georges Didi-Huberman e Ibéyise Pacheco)
Authors: González González Daniuska
Published: September 2023

A partir de las aproximaciones al/la testigo que Shoshana Felman realizó en su volumen Testimonio. Crisis del testigo en literatura, psicoanálisis e historia, en el presente artículo se abordarán tres momentos testimoniales vinculados mediante la elaboración de esta subjetividad que relata para enriquecer o descubrir nuevos elementos sobre acontecimientos de violencia. El primero dentro de la novela La dimensión desconocida (2016) de la escritora chilena Nona Fernández; el segundo, en su totalidad, el libro Cortezas (2011) del filósofo francés Georges Didi-Huberman; y, por último, un capítulo en la investigación periodística, Sangre en el diván. El extraordinario caso del Dr. Chirinos (2010) de la periodista venezolana Ibéyise Pacheco. Lo anterior con el propósito de problematizar cómo tres formatos discursivos diferentes se apropian de esta tipología y producen nuevas miradas desde donde leerlas: una testigo ficticia, un testigo emancipado y un testigo catalizador. Como soporte metodológico se utilizaron autores como Nora Strejilevich, Luis Ignacio García, Pilar Calveiro, Jaume Peris Blanes, Giorgio Agamben y los mencionados Shoshana Felman y Georges Didi-Huberman, este último con dos textos teóricos. Entre las proyecciones desgajadas de este artículo cabría preguntarse si el/la testigo, tradicionalmente una figura creíble y fructífera por el relato que levanta, muchas veces de primera mano y/o con información relevante para saber más sobre un evento, pudiera convertirse en una subjetividad incómoda y desestabilizadora.
Moraña, Mabel. Líneas de fuga. Ciudadanía, frontera y sujeto migrante. Madrid/Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2021
Authors: Soro Cuesta Esther
Published: September 2023

Reseña de Esther Soro sobre Líneas de fuga. Ciudadanía, frontera y sujeto migrante (Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2021, 2021) de Moraña, Mabel, 803 p. ISBN: 978-84-9192-197-4.
José Manuel González Álvarez. Una trama familiar. (Auto)figuraciones y campo literario en Argentina (siglos XX-XXI). Madrid: Visor Libros, 2021
Authors: Fernández Cobo Raquel
Published: September 2023

Reseña de Raquel Fernández Cobo sobre Una trama familiar. (Auto)figuraciones y campo literario en Argentina (siglos XX-XXI). (Visor Libros, 2021) de José Manuel González Álvarez, 175 p. ISBN: 9788498952551.
ANALYSIS MINIMIZING TRAVEL TIME ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL AXIS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT BISTRIȚA-TÂRGUL MUREȘ-SUCEAVA-BAIA MARE -CLUJ-NAPOCA
Authors: Tătar Marius Alexandru
Published: September 2023

In recent years, with the increasing demand for passenger travel, high-speed railways in Romania have been at the forefront of organisation and development. Thus the problems of station planning and timetabling are the core content of high-speed rail planning and have important practical significance for improving the efficiency of passenger travel and railway operation Dong X et al. (2020). This study proposes a collaborative optimisation approach that can be divided into two phases. In the first phase, a mixed integer nonlinear programming model is constructed to obtain a stop plan by minimising the total passenger travel time. The first phase considers constraints related to passenger origin-destination (OD) demand, train capacity and station frequency. After obtaining the stop plan, the train timetable is optimised in the second phase. A mixed-integer multi-objective linear optimization model is formulated by minimizing the total train travel time and the deviation between expected and actual departure times from the origin station for all trains. Several train types and more refined intervals are considered in the timetabling model. The research is carried out on the geographical axis composed of the Main axis and the Link axis. The central axis is analysed in the following segments: Main axis A Bistrita -Târgul Mureș with the link axis, Main axis B Bistrita-Suceava with the connecting axis, Main axis C Bistrita-Baia Mare with the linking axis and Main axis D Bistrița-Cluj -Napoca with its connecting axis. A theoretical research model of rail transport infrastructures in the studied geographical axis is developed. The proposed method generates a more efficient solution for the rail system.
Frederick Engels: The First Marxist?
Authors: McFarlane Bruce
Published: September 2023

In the history of Marxism since Karl Marx's death, Frederick Engels has cut a controversial figure across the centuries. Through an examination of their correspondence and collaborations, McFarlane presents Engels as not only a stalwart friend and colleague to Marx, but a fascinating organizer, editor, and strategist in his own right.
Dampak Covid-19 Dalam Pendaftaran Hak Atas Tanah Di Kantor Baserta Pertanahan Nasional
Authors: Putra Zaki Ananda , Sukirno Sukirno
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic that affects public services in almost all sectors is no exception for services at the BPN Office, which also has an impact on Notaries/PPAT. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the performance of a Notary or Land Deed Making Officer (PPAT) during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on land registration activities at the National Land Agency Office. The research method used is normative juridical. The results of this study are that many land offices restrict incoming files. This seems to be an opportunity for elements at BPN to 'play behind', so that the files are processed. The conclusion of this research is that it needs supervision from the relevant ministers so that the digitalization/online process can run successfully. Because it is feared that some ATR/BPN staff/employees will be inconvenienced with the implementation of the online process because they can no longer make extortion to Notaries/PPAT and provide an extension of the validity period of Land Rights and the registration period for the Decree on Granting and Extension or Renewal of Land Rights that have or will it end until the end of this year.Keywords: land registration; covid-19; national land agencyAbstrakPandemi Covid-19 yang berpengaruh terhadap pelayanan publik hampir di semua sektor tidak terkecuali layanan di Kantor BPN, yang mana juga berdampak bagi Notaris/PPAT. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak kinerja Notaris atau Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) selama pandemi Covid-19 serta dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap kegiatan pendaftaran tanah di Kantor Baserta Pertanahan Nasional. Metode penelitian yang dipakai yaitu adalah Yuridis Normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu banyak kantor pertanahan yang melakukan pembatasan berkas yang masuk. Hal ini seperti menjadi peluang bagi oknum-oknum di BPN “main belakang”, agar berkasnya di proses. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah butuh pengawasan dari menteri terkait agar proses digitalisasi/online dapat berjalan sukses. Karena dikhawatirkan ada ketidaknyamanan sebagian staf/pegawai ATR/BPN dengan diterapkannya proses online dikarenakan tidak bisa lagi melakukan pungli kepada Notaris/PPAT serta memberikan perpanjangan jangka waktu berlakunya Hak Atas Tanah serta jangka waktu pendaftaran Surat Keputusan Pemberian serta Perpanjangan atau Pembaruan Hak Atas Tanah yang sudah atau akan berhenti hingga akhir tahun ini.Kata kunci: pendaftaran tanah; covid-19; baserta pertanahan nasional
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Praktik Mafia Tanah Sebagai Pembuat Sertifikat Fiktif
Authors: Tumangger Dita Dwinanta Garvania , Santoso Budi
Published: September 2023

AbstractGovernment Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration was made as a solution to minimize land disputes in Indonesia. One of them is the practice of making fictitious certificates caused by elements who commit land misappropriation or land mafia. This study aims to determine the mechanism of action of the land mafia and legal actions that can be taken by the government in overcoming cases of land mafia practices. The method of approach used in this study is normative juridic. The results of this study indicate the stages of the land mafia action are starting from the original owner getting a large down payment, then submitting the proof to a fake notary, the fake certificate by the counterfeiter submits the original owner while the original is handed over to the mafia, then the original certificate is submitted to a notary and fake PPAT, a notary takes care of the process of changing the name to the BPN which is then submitted to a notary, then handed over to the mafia, the mafia sells the original certificate and gets the money. Law enforcement carried out is forming land mafia movement groups and checking the authenticity of land certificates.Keywords: law enforcement; land mafia practices.AbstrakPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah dibuat sebagai solusi meminimalisir permasalahan sengketa tanah di Indonesia. Salah satunya terjadinya praktek pembuatan sertifikat fiktif yang disebabkan oknum-oknum yang melakukan penyelewengan tanah atau mafia tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme aksi mafia tanah serta tindakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh Pemerintah dalam mengatasi kasus praktik mafia tanah. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan alur aksi mafia tanah yaitu dimulai dari Pemilik asli mendapat uang muka dengan jumlah besar, kemudian menyerahkan sertifikat aslinya ke notaris palsu, sertifikat palsu oleh pemalsu sertifikat diserahkan ke pemilik asli sedangkan yang asli diserahkan kepada mafia, lalu sertifikat asli diserahkan mafia ke notaris dan/atau PPAT palsu, notaris mengurus proses balik nama ke BPN yang kemudian diserahkan lagi ke notaris, kemudian diserahkan ke mafia, mafia melakukan penggadaian atau menjual sertifikat asli dan mendapatkan uang. Penegakan hukum yang dilakukan yaitu dengan membentuk kelompok pemberantasan gerakan mafia tanah dan melakukan pengecekan keaslian terhadap sertipikat tanah.Kata kunci: penegakan hukum; praktik mafia tanah.
Keotentikan Akta Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Elektronik
Authors: Intansari Oktaviantin , Ratna Edith
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccording to Government Regulation Number 24 of 2016, Land Deed Making Officials are public officials who are permitted to carry out bona fide acts (Regarding Amendments to Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 concerning Regulation of the Position of Land Transferors). The law must be dynamic with the development of society, in accordance with the development of the digital era, through Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021 which regulates land management, flats, and land registration units. Because it does not meet the transaction components in Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021 if it is related to the actual contract element in Article 1868 of the Civil Code, PPAT transactions carried out electronically cannot be classified as real contracts. This study aims to determine and examine the validity of the electronic PPAT contract. In this research, normative legal technique was chosen as the research method. According to the research results, electronic PPAT contracts cannot be considered as original contracts because they do not have original contract components as defined in Article 1868 of the Civil Code.Keyword: authentic; electronic; land deed officials.AbstrakMenurut Peraturan Pemerintah No. 24 Tahun 2016, Pejabat Pembuat akta Tanah adalah pejabat umum yang diizinkan untuk melakukan perbuatan yang bonafide (Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah No. 37 Tahun 1998 tentang Peraturan Jabatan Pembuat Akta Tanah). Hukum harus dinamis dengan perkembangan masyarakat, sesuai dengan perkembangan era digital, melalui Peraturan Pemerintah No. 18 Tahun 2021 yang mengatur tentang pengelolaan pertanahan, rumah susun, dan satuan pendaftaran tanah. Karena tidak memenuhi komponen transaksi dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 18 Tahun 2021 jika dikaitkan dengan unsur kontrak yang sebenarnya dalam KUHPerdata Pasal 1868, transaksi PPAT yang dilakukan secara elektronik tidak dapat digolongkan sebagai kontrak nyata. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni mengetahui dan mengkaji keabsahan kontrak PPAT elektronik. Dalam penelitian ini, teknik hukum normatif dipilih sebagai metode penelitian. Menurut hasil penelitian, kontrak PPAT elektronik tidak dapat dianggap sebagai kontrak asli karena tidak memiliki komponen kontrak asli sebagaimana didefinisikan dalam Pasal 1868 KUH Perdata.Kata kunci: elektronik; ppat; otentik.
Eksistensi Sertifikat Elektronik Terhadap UU Cipta Kerja Dalam Menjamin Kepastian Hukum
Authors: Rizkiana Qonita , Handoko Widhi
Published: September 2023

Abstract Land is an important element in human life, especially land administration, the Government provides Land Registration program, however, there are still many problems, especially in the form of certificates as evidence of rights, so that the Minister of Atr/Head of Bpn Regulation No. 1 of 2021 concerning Electronic Certificates, which stipulates the change of Analog Certificates to Electronic Certificates. Which proclaimed the change of formaat Certificates, as well as derivatives of Article 147 of the Job Creation Law. Which has many problems so that it still requires further research as What is the Existence of Electronic Certificates according to the Job Creation Act? And what is the role of Electronic Certificates in the Job Creation Act for legal certainty? The purpose of this research is to find out the existence of electronic certificates according to the Job Creation Act and the role of Electronic Certificates to the Job Creation Law to ensure legal certainty. The method in this research is the normative juridical method, which uses legal materials in solving legal facts and problems, and uses literature study analysis. The results of the study show that the Importance of Electronic Certificates to the Job Creation Act in Creating Legal Certainty.Keywords: certificate; electronic certificate; copy right.AbstrakTanah merupakan elemen penting dalam kehidupan manusia, terutama administrasi pertanahan, Pemerintah memiliki program Pendaftaran Tanah, namun, dalam penerapannya masih terdapat banyak masalah, terutama dalam bentuk sertifikat sebagai bukti hak, sehingga Menteri ATR/Kepala BPN Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 tentang Sertifikat Elektronik, yang mengatur perubahan Sertifikat Analog menjadi Sertifikat Elektronik. Memproklamirkan perubahan format Sertifikat, serta turunan dari Pasal 147 UU Cipta Lapangan Kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keberadaan sertifikat elektronik sesuai UU Cipta Lapangan Kerja dan peran sertifikat elektronik dalam UU Cipta Lapangan Kerja untuk kepastian hukum? Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan sertifikat elektronik sesuai UU Cipta Lapangan Kerja dan peran Sertifikat Elektronik terhadap UU Cipta Lapangan Kerja untuk menjamin kepastian hukum. Metode yuridis normatif digunakan sebagai metode dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan bahan hukum dalam memecahkan fakta dan masalah hukum, dan menggunakan analisis studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pentingnya Sertifikat Elektronik terhadap UU Cipta Lapangan Kerja dalam Menciptakan Kepastian Hukum.Kata kunci: sertifikat; sertifikat elektronik;  cipta kerja.
Analisis Perjanjian Build Operate And Transfer (BOT) Pada Pembangunan Aset Milik Daerah
Authors: Yuliyanti Ika , Santoso Budi
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe inclusion of the private sector as investors in infrastructure development is nothing new in the BOT system. The purpose of this study examines the provisions of the BOT agreement and  the position of the Regional Government in the BOT agreement. The method used is normative juridical, the data collection method uses secondary data which is analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study found that the arrangement of the BOT agreement between the local government and the private sector did not have a clear legal basis because the contracts made had different characteristics from private contracts in general. The government has a special position starting from the stage of formation, implementation and enforcement of the law because the government has two roles, namely on one side it adheres to the principles of private law and is domiciled as a subject of public law. In conclusion, the BOT agreement between the regional government and the private sector is an alternative in increasing regional development even though it does not yet have a clear legal basis. Suggestions from the conclusions above, namely the government needs to issue laws and regulations as a strong legal basis for the implementation of the BOT agreement.Keywords: build operate and transfer agreementAbstrakMasuknya pihak swasta sebagai investor dalam pembangunan infrastruktur bukan hal yang baru dalam sistem BOT. Tujuan penelitian ini meneliti tentang ketentuan perjanjian BOT dan kedudukan Pemerintah Daerah dalam perjanjian BOT. Metode yang digunakan yuridis normatif, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan data sekunder yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pengaturan perjanjian BOT antara pemerintah daerah dengan swasta belum memiliki dasar hukum yang jelas karena kontrak yang dibuat mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda dengan kontrak privat pada umumnya. Pemerintah memiliki kedudukan yang istimewa mulai dari tahap pembentukan, pelaksanaan maupun penegakan hukum karena pemerintah memiliki dua peran yaitu satu sisi menganut prinsip hukum privat dan berkedudukan sebagai subyek hukum publik. Simpulan, Perjanjian BOT antara pemerintah Daerah dengan pihak Swasta merupakan alternatif dalam peningkatan Pembangunan Daerah meskipun belum memiliki dasar hukum yang jelas. Saran dari simpulan di atas, yaitu pemerintah perlu menerbitkan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai dasar hukum yang kuat untuk pelaksanaan perjanjian BOT.Kata kunci : perjanjian bagun guna serah
Kompensasi Tanah Wakaf Dalam Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Tol Semarang Demak Seksi II
Authors: El Ula Khaidar Alifika , Silviana Ana
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe need for land has increased since the intensity of development carried out by the government has increased, this is in contrast to the availability of land owned, land acquisition is an alternative that can be carried out by the government. The status of the land that was acquired is not only ownership rights but waqf land which is intended for the benefit of the people, land acquisition for the construction of the Semarang Demak toll road section II has areas of waqf land that are affected. The objective of this research is to find out the compensation arrangements for waqf land affected by land acquisition activities for section II of the Semarang Demak toll road and how compensation for waqf land is implemented in land acquisition activities for section II of the Semarang Demak toll road. The writing of this article uses a juridical empirical research method. Compensation arrangements for waqf land use a regent's decree in accordance with the Decree of the Governor of Central Java, and for the process itself it is carried out from a team formed by the Ministry of Religion of Demak Regency.Keywords: compensation; waqf; semarang-demak toll road.AbstrakKebutuhan tanah mengalami peningkatan sejak intensitas pembangunan yang terus dilakukan pemerintah mengalami peningkatan, hal ini bertolak belakang dengan ketersediaan tanah yang dimiliki, pembebasan tanah menjadi alternatif yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Status tanah yang dibebaskan tidak hanya kepemilikan secara hak milik akan tetapi tanah wakaf yang peruntukannya untuk kemaslahatan umat, pembebasan tanah untuk pembangunan tol Semarang Demak seksi II terdapat bidang tanah wakaf yang terkena. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan kompensasi tanah wakaf yang terkena kegiatan pembebasan tanah untuk tol Semarang Demak seksi II dan bagaimana pelaksanaan kompensasi tanah wakaf dalam kegiatan pengadaan tanah untuk tol Semarang Demak seksi II. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian secara yuridis empiris. Pengaturan kompensasi tanah wakaf menggunakan surat keputusan bupati sesuai dengan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Jateng, dan untuk prosesnya sendiri dilakukan dari tim bentukan Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Demak.Kata kunci: kompensasi; wakaf; tol semarang demak.
A systematic review on biological and medicinal properties of Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) Druce (Ehretiaceae) in Southern Africa
Authors: Alfred Maroyi
Published: September 2023

Wild plants are widely utilized as important sources of traditional medicines and food. Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) is one such plant species that occurs naturally in southern Africa and different parts of the plant have nutritional, cultural, and pharmaceutical importance. The current study is aimed at providing information on the medicinal and biological properties of E. rigida. The current review assessed the existing literature on the biological properties and medicinal uses of the plant. The study revealed that the leaves, twigs, stems, bark and roots of the plant are mainly used for ritual purposes, as traditional medicines for infertility, headache, abdominal pains, chest pains, pain, skin cuts, sprained joints, newborn baby infections, a good-luck charm, fire-making and rain-making ceremonies, warding-off enemies and dangerous animals and as ethnoveterinary medicine. The phytochemical evaluation of the species showed that it is characterized by allantoin, ?-amyrin, ?-amyrin, ?avonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, ?-sitosterol and 1-triacontanol. The pharmacological properties of different crude extracts demonstrated anticholinesterase inhibition, antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This review highlights the pharmaceutical and health benefits of E. rigida in different countries of southern Africa. Therefore, detailed ethnopharmacological evaluations of the species focusing on phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, toxicological evaluations, and in vivo and clinical research investigations are recommended.