bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IUGS–IUPAC recommendations and status reports on the half-lives of 87Rb, 146Sm, 147Sm, 234U, 235U, and 238U (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Villa Igor M. , Holden Norman E. , Possolo Antonio , Ickert Ryan Ben , Hibbert David Brynn , Renne Paul R. , Bonardi Mauro L. , De Bièvre Paul
Published: September 2022

The IUPAC–IUGS joint Task Group “Isotopes in Geosciences” (TGIG) has evaluated the published literature on the half-lives of six long-lived, geologically relevant radioactive nuclides. Where conflicting literature estimates are present, it is necessary to first identify any systematic bias in accordance with metrological traceability and to exclude the biased estimates from further consideration. The TGIG recommends three robust half-life estimates: 49.61 ± 0.16 Ga for 87Rb, corresponding to a decay constant λ(87Rb) = (1.3972 ± 0.0045) × 10−11 a−1; 106.25 ± 0.38 Ga for 147Sm, and a corresponding decay constant λ(147Sm) = (6.524 ± 0.024) × 10−12 a−1; 4.4683 ± 0.0096 Ga for 238U, i.e. a decay constant λ(238U) = (1.55125 ± 0.00333) × 10−10 a−1. All cited uncertainties have a coverage factor k = 2. For other radionuclides of Sm and U, no unambiguous consensus value can be endorsed at present by TGIG, which limits its evaluation to a status report highlighting unaccounted-for potential sources of bias. The improved repeatability of mass spectrometric measurements has revealed systematic bias effects that had been dismissed as subordinate in the past. These issues can only be resolved by future dedicated investigations.
Target preparation of low-pressure cold-sprayed metal powder coatings to create defined micro-leakage
Authors: Kappertz M. , Hoven C. , Pauly F. , Lohoff R. , Natour G.
Published: September 2022

Defined micro-leaks have been used as reference leaks in non-destructive testing for many years, for example in the adjustment, calibration and functional testing of helium leak detectors. Test leaks are also used in non-destructive testing training to teach the staff how to detect these “invisible” leaks.

The traditional production of test specimens with defined leakage, however, is timecon suming and expensive. In addition, these specimens are susceptible to impacts and can break easily.

A new approach for producing robust specimens with defined leakage is gas dynamic cold spraying, or cold spraying, where a very small opening is closed using an open-pore metal powder filling. This manufacturing process is particularly suitable for industrial purposes due to the good controllability of the production process. Unlike traditionally manufactured glass bodies, the specimens produced in this way are less susceptible to mechanical impacts.

The present study is concerned with the metallographic examination of porous coatings to create defined leaks using cold spraying.
Role of science in environmental conservation leading to sustainable development
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Rajiv Asha
Published: September 2022

Sustainable development is the development of people’s needs without harming the environment. From this study we would like to discuss how to apply basic science for sustainable development. Most of the time people do not think about the environment during development projects. They only think about their profits. As a result of these unplanned development projects, so much harm occurs to the environment such as water pollution, air pollution, climatic changes, global warming and greenhouse effect. Loss of biodiversity is another crucial problem occurs due to industrial revolution. Most of the time people cut forests and trees for different development projects. Because of these activities many animals lost their habitats and so many plants and natural water resources get destroyed. Do not stop development projects but should think twice before doing any action that harmful to the environment and also it will affect directly or indirectly to animals and mankind. Basic and General science provide good solution for the problems that have created due to industrial activities.
The link between epigenetics, pain sensitivity and chronic pain
Authors: Giordano Rocco , Kjær-Staal Petersen Kristian , Arendt-Nielsen Lars
Published: September 2022

Increasing evidence suggests an association between gene expression and clinical pain. Epigenetic modifications are the main modulators of gene expression or protein translation in response to environmental stimuli and pathophysiological conditions. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that epigenetic modifications could also impact the development of pain, the transition from acute to chronic pain, and the maintenance hereof.
Tunable properties of the defect mode of a ternary photonic crystal with a high T
C superconductor and semiconductor layers
Authors: Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Alhamss Dana N. , Taya Sofyan A. , Abohassan Khedr M. , Alhawari Adam R. H. , Colak Ilhami , Patel Shobhit K.
Published: September 2022

The tuning of a defect mode in a photonic crystal (PC) is of high significance for filter and sensor applications. We here investigate the tuning of the defect mode of a defective ternary PC with a semiconductor and high critical-temperature superconductor layers. A ternary photonic crystal with the heterostructure (semiconductor/superconductor/dielectric) is assumed. The transfer matrix method is employed to investigate the transmission of transverse electric waves. The refractive indices of the semiconductor and superconductor layers can be tuned by changing the operating temperature and the hydrostatic pressure. The defect mode and transmission properties can be controlled by using the hydrostatic pressure, operating temperature, frequency and thicknesses of the heterostructure layers. The analysis is performed in the frequency range of 20–65 THz. The proposed structure can be utilized as a biosensor and a narrowband transmission peaks filter.
Surround Inhibition Mediates Pain Relief by Low Amplitude Spinal Cord Stimulation: Modeling and Measurement
Authors: Gilbert John E. , Titus Nathan , Zhang Tianhe , Esteller Rosana , Grill Warren M.
Published: September 2022

Low-frequency (<200 Hz), subperception spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a novel modality demonstrating therapeutic efficacy for treating chronic neuropathic pain. When stimulation parameters were carefully titrated, patients experienced rapid onset (seconds–minutes) pain relief without paresthesia, but the mechanisms of action are unknown. Using an integrated computational model and in vivo measurements in urethane-anesthetized rats, we quantified how stimulation parameters (placement, pulse width, frequency, and amplitude) influenced dorsal column (DC) axon activation and neural responses in the dorsal horn (DH). Both modeled and recorded DC axons responded with irregular spiking patterns in response to low-amplitude SCS. Maximum inhibition of DH neurons occurred at ∼80% of the predicted sensory threshold in both modeled and recorded neurons, and responses were strongly dependent on spatially targeting of stimulation, i.e., the complement of DC axons activated, and on stimulation parameters. Intrathecal administration of bicuculline shifted neural responses to low-amplitude stimulation in both the model and experiment, suggesting that analgesia is dependent on segmental GABAergic mechanisms. Our results support the hypothesis that low-frequency subperception SCS generates rapid analgesia by activating a small number of DC axons which inhibit DH neuron activity via surround inhibition.
Tsh Induces Agrp1 Neuron Proliferation in Oatp1c1-Deficient Zebrafish
Authors: Wasserman-Bartov Talya , Admati Inbal , Lebenthal-Loinger Ilana , Sharabany Julia , Lerer-Goldshtein Tali , Appelbaum Lior
Published: September 2022

Thyroid hormones (THs), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3), regulate growth, metabolism, and neurodevelopment. THs secretion is controlled by the pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis. The organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1/SLCO1C1) and the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8/SLC16A2) actively transport THs, which bind to their nuclear receptors and induce gene expression. A mutation inOATP1C1is associated with brain hypometabolism, gradual neurodegeneration, and impaired cognitive and motor functioning in adolescent patients. To understand the role of Oatp1c1 and the mechanisms of the disease, we profiled the transcriptome ofoatp1c1mutant (oatp1c1−/−) andmct8−/−xoatp1c1−/−adult male and female zebrafish brains. Among dozens of differentially expressed genes, agouti-related neuropeptide 1 (agrp1) expression increased inoatp1c1−/−adult brains. Imaging in the hypothalamus revealed enhanced proliferation of Agrp1 neurons inoatp1c1−/−larvae and adults, and increased food consumption inoatp1c1−/−larvae. Similarly, feeding and the number of Agrp1 neurons increased in thyroid gland-ablated zebrafish. Pharmacological treatments showed that the T3 analog TRIAC (3,3′,5-tri-iodothyroacetic acid), but not T4, normalized the number of Agrp1 neurons inoatp1c1−/−zebrafish. Since the HPT axis is hyperactive in theoatp1c1−/−brain, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to knockdowntshinoatp1c1−/−larvae, and inducibly enhanced the HPT axis in wild-type larvae. These manipulations showed that Tsh promotes proliferation of Agrp1 neurons and increases food consumption in zebrafish. The results revealed upregulation of both the HPT axis–Agrp1 circuitry and feeding in a zebrafish model for OATP1C1 deficiency.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMutation in the thyroid hormone (TH) transporterOATP1C1is associated with cognitive and motor functioning disturbances in humans. Here, we used anoatp1c1−/−zebrafish to understand the role of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1C1 (Oatp1c1), and the characteristics of OATP1C1 deficiency. Transcriptome profiling identified upregulation ofagrp1expression in theoatp1c1−/−brain. Theoatp1c1−/−larvae showed increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) levels, proliferation of Agrp1 neurons and food consumption. Genetic manipulations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis showed that Tsh increases the number of Agrp1 neurons and food consumption. The T3 analog TRIAC (3,3′,5-tri-iodothyroacetic acid) normalizes the number of Agrp1 neurons and may have potential for the treatment of Oatp1c1 deficiency. The findings demonstrate a functional interaction between the thyroid and feeding systems in the brain of zebrafish and suggest a neuroendocrinological mechanism for OATP1C1 deficiency.
Integrating Visual Information into the Auditory Cortex Promotes Sound Discrimination through Choice-Related Multisensory Integration
Authors: Chang Song , Xu Jinghong , Zheng Mengyao , Keniston Les , Zhou Xiaoming , Zhang Jiping , Yu Liping
Published: September 2022

An increasing number of studies have shown that cross-modal interaction can occur in early sensory cortices. Yet, how neurons in sensory cortices integrate multisensory cues in perceptual tasks and to what extent this influences behavior is largely unclear. To investigate, we examined visual modulation of auditory responses in the primary auditory cortex (A1) in a two-alternative forced-choice task. During the task, male rats were required to make a behavioral choice based on the pure tone frequency (low vs high) of the self-triggered stimulus to get a water reward. The result showed that the presence of a noninformative visual cue did not uniformly influence auditory response, with frequently enhancing just one of them. Closely correlated with behavioral choice, the visual cue mainly enhanced responsiveness to the auditory cue indicating a movement direction contralateral to A1 being recorded. Operating in this fashion provided A1 neurons a superior capability to discriminate sound during multisensory trials. Concomitantly, behavioral data and decoding analysis revealed that visual cue presence could speed the process of sound discrimination. We also observed this differential multisensory integration effect in well-trained rats when tested with passive stimulation and under anesthesia, albeit to a much lesser extent. We did not see this differentially integrative effect while recording in A1 in another similar group of rats performing a free-choice task. These data suggest that auditory cortex can engage in meaningful audiovisual processing, and perceptual learning can modify its multisensory integration mechanism to meet task requirements.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the natural environment, visual stimuli are frequently accompanied by auditory cues. Although multisensory integration has traditionally been seen as a feature of associational cortices, recent studies have shown that cross-modal inputs can also influence neuronal activity in primary sensory cortices. However, exactly how neurons in sensory cortices integrate multisensory cues to guide behavioral choice is still unclear. Here, we describe a novel model of multisensory integration used by A1 neurons to shape auditory representations when rats performed a cue-guided task. We found that a task-irrelevant visual cue could specifically enhance the response of neurons in sound guiding to the contralateral choice. This differentially integrative model facilitated sound discrimination and behavioral choice. This result indicates that task engagement can modulate multisensory integration.
First results of the ARIEL L-band radiometer on the MOSAiC Arctic Expedition during the late summer and autumn period
Authors: Gabarró Carolina , Fabregat Pau , Hernández-Macià Ferran , Jove Roger , Salvador Joaquin , Spreen Gunnar , Thielke Linda , Dadic Ruzica , Huntemann Marcus , Kolabutin Nikolai , Nomura Daiki , Hannula Henna-Reetta , Schneebeli Martin
Published: September 2022

Arctic sea ice is changing rapidly. Its retreat significantly impacts Arctic heat fluxes, ocean currents, and ecology, warranting the continuous monitoring and tracking of changes to sea ice extent and thickness. L-band (1.4 GHz) microwave radiometry can measure sea ice thickness for thin ice ≤1 m, depending on salinity and temperature. The sensitivity to thin ice makes L-band measurements complementary to radar altimetry which can measure the thickness of thick ice with reasonable accuracy. During the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, we deployed the mobile ARIEL L-band radiometer on the sea ice floe next to research vessel Polarstern to study the sensitivity of the L-band to different sea ice parameters (e.g., snow and ice thickness, ice salinity, ice and snow temperature), with the aim to help improve/validate current microwave emission models. Our results show that ARIEL is sensitive to different types of surfaces (ice, leads, and melt ponds) and to ice thickness up to 70 cm when the salinity of the sea ice is low. The measurements can be reproduced with the Burke emission model when in situ snow and ice measurements for the autumn transects were used as model input. The correlation coefficient for modeled Burke brightness temperature (BT) versus ARIEL measurements was approximately 0.8. The discrepancy between the measurements and the model is about 5%, depending on the transects analyzed. No explicit dependence on snow depth was detected. We present a qualitative analysis for thin ice observations on leads. We have demonstrated that the ARIEL radiometer is an excellent field instrument for quantifying the sensitivity of L-band radiometry to ice and snow parameters, leading to insights that can enhance sea ice thickness retrievals from L-band radiometer satellites (such as Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)) and improve estimates of Arctic sea-ice thickness changes on a larger scale.
Locational determinants for wood pellet plants: A review and case study of North and South America
Authors: Singh Damien , Cubbage Frederick , Gonzalez Ronalds , Abt Robert
Published: September 2022

The European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive has led many electricity producers in Europe to use wood pellets in place of fossil fuels. North America has become one of the primary suppliers of wood pellets to Europe. This paper critically examines literature, economic models and data, as well as the supply chain and country risk factors, related to wood pellet production to anticipate where North and South American pellet mills should be built to meet Europe’s demand. Canada, the United States, and Brazil maintain the largest natural forest area, planted forest area, and industrial roundwood production; however, South American countries achieve faster plantation growth rates. The World Bank’s Logistic Procurement Index and IHS’s Country Risk Index were used to score and rank countries’ investment climates, based on their supply chain and risk factors. In this regard, the United States, Canada, and Chile performed best, in contrast to Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador. When considering both wood supply and investment climates, the United States, Canada, and Chile were the most attractive countries to build a pellet mill, while countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru present significant trade-offs between having significant wood resources and riskier investment climates.
A comparative study of one-step and stepwise pyrolysis of furfural residue and its kinetic analysis
Authors: Cheng Liang , Zhang Yimeng , Zhou Jianbin , Zhang Shu
Published: September 2022

Furfural residue (FR), a solid waste from the furfural production industry, is rich in cellulose and lignin. It has great potential for producing bio-fuels and bio-chemicals through pyrolysis. To examine the effects of heating programs on the product distribution of FR pyrolysis, stepwise and one-step pyrolysis processes were compared using a commercial Py-GC/MS system. During the stepwise pyrolysis, the acids had a maximum yield at 300 °C, while the outputs of the ketones/aldehydes, furans, esters, alcohols, and sugars were the most abundant at 350 °C. The production of aromatics increased, whereas the nitrogen-containing compounds decreased as the temperature increased from 300 °C to 500 °C. The relative percentages of the aromatics and furans from the one-step pyrolysis were much higher than those from the stepwise pyrolysis. In contrast, the acids, sugars, alcohols, nitrogen-containing compounds, and alkanes/olefins from the stepwise pyrolysis were higher than those from the one-step pyrolysis at 500 °C. The kinetic analysis showed that the activation energy of the FR was reduced from between 212 and 214 kJ/mol to between 189 and 191 kJ/mol as the degree of conversion (α) increased from 20% to 60%, before increasing from 191 kJ/mol to 478 kJ/mol as α further increased from 70% to 90%.
Production of lactic acid from soybean straw using immobilized Lactobacillus casei and batch or repeated-batch fermentation
Authors: Gao Ming , Wang Juan , Xu Zhong , Zhang Wenyu , Wu Chuanfu , Wang Qunhui
Published: September 2022

Approximately 18 million tons of soybean straw are produced annually in China, with its disposal becoming an increasingly serious problem. Moreover, the Chinese government has banned the open burning of agricultural straw for environmental reasons. One potential solution is to use soybean straw for lactic acid (LA) production, avoiding open burning and waste. In this study, a Ca-alginate-immobilized Lactobacillus casei strain was used to produce LA from soybean straw enzymatic hydrolysate. Optimized conditions for the production of LA were initially established, consisting of Ca-alginate beads made from 2.5% sodium alginate with a diameter of 2 mm and a fermentation process using a 10% inoculum at 30 °C for 30 h. Lactic acid productivity was increased with only a slight decrease in overall yield by raising the initial sugar concentration from 8 g L-1 to 35 g L-1. Finally, immobilized cells could be reused at least 10 times without a noticeable performance decrease. These results indicated that production of LA from soybean straw enzymatic hydrolysate is a sustainable and feasible method to utilize these resources.
Volatile organic compounds and odor emissions from alkyd resin enamel-coated particleboard
Authors: Wang Qifan , Shen Jun , Shen Xiwei , Du Jianhui
Published: September 2022

To solve the odor emission problem of lacquer veneer particleboards, as well as to identify the key odor compounds and their sources, alkyd resin enamel-coated particleboards were studied via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy-olfactometry. A single-factor experiment was established under various environmental conditions. The odor-causing compounds were identified, and the effects of environmental factors on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor emissions were investigated. The results showed that the main odor substances released from the alkyd resin enamel-coated particleboard were aromatic compounds, aldehydes, and alkanes, which are typically low in toxicity. The total volatile organic compounds concentration and total odor intensity increased as the temperature and relative humidity increased, but decreased as the air exchange rate to loading factor ratio increased. The temperature had a greater impact on the release of VOCs from the alkyd resin enamel-coated particleboard than either the relative humidity or air exchange rate to loading factor ratio. The odor substances concentration increased with an increase in the temperature, while the relative humidity and air exchange rate to loading factor ratio had little effect.
Populizmus, egyházak és oktatáspolitika a 2010 utáni Magyarországon
Authors: Neumann Eszter
Published: September 2022

A politikai szociológiai szakirodalmi áttekintés célja, hogy a 2010 utáni magyar
oktatáspolitikai változásokat, illetve az egyház és az állam viszonyának
átalakulását elhelyezze a tágabb nemzetközi szakirodalomban, és áttekintse a
folyamat elemzéséhez támpontul szolgáló lehetséges elméleti megközelítéseket és
fogalmi fogódzókat. Az oktatáspolitika diszkurzív szintjének értelmezéséhez
áttekintem, hogy milyen szerepet tölt be a vallás, és különösen a kereszténység
az európai populista mozgalmak politikai kommunikációjában, és hogy milyen
karakteres jegyei vannak az utóbbi évtizedekben megerősödő neokonzervatív
oktatáspolitikai gondolkodásnak. Ezután ideológia és gyakorlat viszonyáról,
illetve a populista kormányzatok közpolitikáinak jellemzőiről lesz szó. Végül az
egyház és az állam közti intézményes kapcsolatról, és arról lesz szó, hogy
milyen strukturális és szervezeti átalakulásokat von(hat) maga után a vallás
politizálódása és az egyházak fokozott intézményes szerepvállalása.
Nevelési értékek a gyermekvédelemben
Authors: Rácz Andrea , Bogács Ernő
Published: September 2022

A kutatás célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a hazai gyermekvédelmi szakellátás
rendszerében milyen nevelési értékek azonosíthatók, illetve, hogy a rendszer két
nagy egységében – nevelőszülői és intézményes ellátás – vannak-e a nevelési
értékek tekintetében különbségek. Továbbá vizsgáljuk azt is, hogy a
gyermekvédelmi szakemberek és az ellátott gyermekek és fiatal felnőttek hogyan
reflektálnak a nevelési értékekre: melyek ezek az egyes szereplők szerint, és
hogyan épülnek be a gondozási-nevelési folyamatba. Kvalitatív kutatási
eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a gyermekvédelem strukturális problémái égetőek,
melyek nagyban meghatározzák a nevelésről való vélekedéseket.
Nevelési értékpreferenciák az állami és egyházi iskolákban
Authors: Major Enikő , Bacskai Katinka , Engler Ágnes
Published: September 2022

A nevelés értékátadó folyamat (Simon 2016), amire hatással van a
vallásosság (Pusztai 2011). A pedagógusok értékközvetítő
szerepe jelentős a tanulók életében. A tanulmányunkban öt csoportba
(Bacskai 2008) sorolt, az oktatási színtér két (állami,
egyházi) szektorában foglalkoztatott pedagógusok által rangsorolt értékek
összehasonlításával az értékközvetítő nevelés jelentőségét mutatjuk be.
Papíralapú kérdőíves adatfelvételünket 16 tiszántúli felekezeti iskolában vettük
fel negyedikeseket tanító pedagógusok körében 2020-ban, ehhez szűkítettük a Kopp
Mária Intézet Értékteremtő gyermeknevelés reprezentatív országos kutatásának
adatbázisát az ország keleti régiójára. Eredményeink megerősítették az egyénre
és közösségre vonatkozó társadalmi tőke szempontjából hasznos nevelési
értékeket.
Online Learning at Secondary Schools: Listening to Pre-Service Teachers In Their Teaching Practices
Authors: Isnainiyah Luluk , Fitriah
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus has altered how students are educated and how teachers conduct themselves in the classroom. The changes have compelled educators to shift their primary focus to remote learning or online instruction. Teachers are expected to innovate and digitize learning in order to address the current situation. This study aims to explore pre-service teachers’ perceptions of online learning at secondary schools within an EFL context. The study interviewed five pre-service teachers who had completed teaching practicum at secondary schools as part of their education. The findings indicated that online learning encourages pre-service teachers to access resources from a variety of sources, to exercise their creativity by searching for something different, to expand their knowledge, and to teach with greater flexibility. Although the study discovered positive attitudes toward online learning, these pre-service teachers encountered difficulties in implementing it, including a lack of discipline, slow responses, technical difficulties, and an insufficient internet connection. The study emphasizes how online education encourages pre-service teachers to be more creative in their material selection and professional development. They should, however, ensure that their practice is effective and efficient in reaching out to students.
Reading Difficulties of EFL Students: A Case Study of First-Year Student of English Language Education FKIP UIR
Authors: Hamid Marhamah Ahmad , Yulianto Yulianto
Published: September 2022

Student skill of Reading or understanding text considered as one of four fundamental language skills which means EFL student have to obtain a good level of reading. Actually, reading skill is not an easy skill to be mastered of, since still much students carried out with reading problem. The aim of this research is to examine reading difficulties that first-year student of English Language Education deal with, and to identify students reading problems and the reasons behind their weaknesses of reading assignment. This research used qualitative research method; it used to obtain data of reading comprehension difficulties faced by first year student of English Language Education FKIP UIR. As research instruments, it used questionnaire which contains of seventeen multiple types of questions which divided into four parts. The result of this research indicated that based on the analysis, first year students do not able on having fluent reading, because students currently deal with various reading difficulties. It can be concluded that Students have to be provided with appropriate teaching strategies depends on learning styles and students’ needs. Thus, the final product of this research is a book of reading for the first year students of English language Education of FKIP-UIR.
Motivational Factors Affecting Undergraduate Students' Reading Interest
Authors: Rahmawati Rena , Mbali Amah Anisa , Vidia Jerina Astriana , Rizki Amayasari Maya
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to find out factors that affect undergraduate students' lack of motivation in reading. This research only focuses on the surface of the lack of motivation, this research doesn't find the deeper reason. The subject of this study was undergraduate students of IKIP BUDI UTOMO Malang in the English Education Department 2019, A class. The subject was 20 undergraduate students. To collect the data, the researchers used questionnaires and interviews. The use of questionnaires was intended to reveal written data and the interview was unstructured. After distributing the questionnaire, researchers found out that there are few factors affecting undergraduate students lack of motivation in reading. 55% undergraduate students have an average opinion about reading in their spare time, 75% read less than 1 hour everyday and 60% like to read novels. Most of the respondents' motivation to read is to spend time. 43% of the respondents have neutral opinions about whether friends, lecturer or mood have influenced them. And the most obvious obstacle according to the respondents is laziness.
Implementation of Task-based Learning in Teaching English in Indonesia: Benefits and Problems
Authors: Sholeh Muhammad Badrus
Published: September 2022

A variety of approaches exist in foreign language teaching and learning; Task-based Learning (TBL) is one of them. It is an innovative approach that is developed from the Communicative Approach. The concepts of TBL have proven successful in classrooms. In this study, the writer conducted a literature review of task-based learning in teaching English dealing with the benefits and problems in implementing this approach in Indonesia. This paper seeks to review Task-based Learning (TBL), covering the definition of 'task' and Task-based Learning (TBL), the characteristics and stages of TBL, the teacher and students' roles in Task-based Learning, and also the advantages and disadvantages of Task-based Learning. It also addresses the application, the benefits and problems of Task-based Learning in the sense of Indonesian EFL context. This will help educators and language teachers in Indonesia to attach more importance to the contextual differences when applying Task-based Learning in Indonesia.
On the density of branching Brownian motion
Authors: OZ Mehmet
Published: September 2022

We consider a $d$-dimensional dyadic branching Brownian motion, and study the density of its support in the region where there is typically exponential growth of particles. Using geometric arguments and an extension of a previous result on the probability of absence of branching Brownian motion in linearly moving balls of fixed size, we obtain sharp asymptotic results on the covering radius of the support of branching Brownian motion, which is a measure of its density. As a corollary, we obtain large deviation estimates on the volume of the $r(t)$-enlargement of the support of branching Brownian motion when $r(t)$ decays exponentially in time $t$. As a by-product, we obtain the lower tail asymptotics for the mass of branching Brownian motion falling in linearly moving balls of exponentially shrinking radius, which is of independent interest.
Empreendedorismo social na formação profissional de Enfermagem
Authors: Backes Dirce Stein , Colomé Juliana Silveira , Mello Giovana Batistella de , Gomes Regina Celia de Castro , Lomba Maria de Lurdes Lopes de Freitas , Ferreira Carla Lizandra de Lima
Published: September 2022

RESUMO Objetivos: conhecer saberes e práticas que estimulam o empreendedorismo social na formação profissional de estudantes de Enfermagem. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório-descritivo, realizada com 44 estudantes de Enfermagem de uma Universidade do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre maio e agosto de 2021, por meio de entrevistas individuais na modalidade online. Participaram do estudo estudantes de Enfermagem a partir do 6º semestre e que previamente haviam participado de atividades empreendedoras de ensino, pesquisa ou extensão universitária. Resultados: os dados organizados e analisados com base na técnica de análise temática resultaram em três categorias temáticas: Significados de empreendedorismo social, Experiências empreendedoras na formação do enfermeiro e Reconhecendo-se Enfermeiro empreendedor. Considerações Finais: os saberes e práticas que estimulam o empreendedorismo social na formação profissional de estudantes de Enfermagem estão relacionados às atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão universitárias, possibilitadas pelas vivências concretas no mundo vivo e dinâmico em comunidades.
Detecção de Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae em sementes de maracujá
Authors: Duarte Lucas Couto , Mota Lara Caroline Borges Moreira , Tebaldi Nilvanira Donizete
Published: September 2022

RESUMO A mancha óleo ou mancha bacteriana do maracujazeiro causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae é uma das doenças de maior importância da cultura, levando a danos diretos na produção e na qualidade dos frutos. O uso de sementes livres do patógeno é a principal forma de controle da doença, sendo necessário a detecção da bactéria nas sementes para evitar sua introdução em áreas isentas. O objetivo do trabalho foi detectar a presença de X. campestris pv. passiflorae em sementes de maracujá em meio de cultura. O extrato de sementes inteiras ou quebradas, desinfestadas ou não, de dois genótipos de maracujá provenientes de Uberlândia, MG foram cultivadas nos meios de cultura, 523 e NAS, sem e com a adição de cicloheximida. Não houve diferença significativa entre os meios de cultura no crescimento bacteriano. Os meios de cultura 523 e NAS, com adição de cicloheximida e o uso de sementes de maracujá quebradas foram eficientes para a detecção de X. campestris pv. passiflorae, os quais podem ser utilizados em rotina de laboratório para a detecção da bactéria em sementes.
Position statement of ANCP and SBGG on shared decision-making in palliative care
Authors: Vidal Edison Iglesias de Oliveira , Kovacs Maria Júlia , Silva Josimário João da , Silva Luciano Máximo da , Sacardo Daniele Pompei , Bersani Ana Laura de Figueiredo , Tommaso Ana Beatriz Galhardi Di , Dias Laiane de Moraes , Melo Antônio Carlos Moura de Albuquerque , Iglesias Simone Brasil de Oliveira , Lopes Fernanda Gomes
Published: September 2022

Health care for patients with serious illnesses usually implies the need to make a large number of decisions, ranging from how information is shared to which diagnostic or therapeutic procedures will be adopted. The method of such decision-making has important implications from an individual and collective point of view and may contribute to either relieving or aggravating suffering. In this consensus document, the Bioethics Committee of the Brazilian National Academy of Palliative Care (ANCP) and the Permanent Committee on Palliative Care of the Brazilian Geriatrics and Gerontology Society (SBGG) adopt the principles of compassionate listening proposed by Saunders, of the nature of suffering proposed by Cassel, of dignity-preserving care proposed by Chochinov, and of cultural humility as a starting point for the construction of an official position of ANCP and SBGG on shared decision-making in palliative care. The position statement posits that, unlike paternalistic and consumerist models, the decision-making process in the sphere of palliative care must follow the mutualistic model of shared decision, where decisions are built based on dialogue between healthcare professionals and patients/family. The document sets forth the assumptions of this process, the limits of autonomy of patients/family and healthcare professionals and the distinction between futile and potentially inappropriate treatments, besides ratifying its incompatibility with any forms of coercion and conflict of interest foreign to the best interests of patients.
Consórcio Interfederativo de Saúde na Bahia, Brasil: implantação, mecanismo de gestão e sustentabilidade do arranjo organizativo no Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Almeida Patty Fidelis de , Santos Adriano Maia dos , Lima Luciana Dias de , Cabral Lucas Manoel da Silva , Lemos Maria de Lourdes Lacerda , Bousquat Aylene Emilia Moraes
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo, analisa-se a implantação, gestão, funcionamento e sustentabilidade dos Consórcios Interfederativos de Saúde e das Policlínicas Regionais de Especialidades na Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo de caso único e de natureza qualitativa, em que foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores; repersentantes de controle social, regulação e legislativo; e prefeitos de municípios consorciados. Os resultados apontam que gastos de capital e cofinanciamento permanente de custeio pelo gestor estadual são fatores que incentivam a adesão aos consórcios verticais. Destacou-se o apoio dos municípios de pequeno porte, de instâncias de participação social e das câmaras municipais. Observou-se o fortalecimento da relação cooperativa entre os gestores a partir dos espaços decisórios formais e pela necessidade de gestão cotidiana da atenção especializada (AE). A oferta de AE via consórcios mitigou a dependência de compra de serviços privados. O receio de perda de autonomia, da centralização dos atendimentos em equipamentos estaduais e do não reconhecimento do financiamento municipal foram desafios no processo de reestruturação dos serviços regionais de especialidades. O apoio e a sustentabilidade da iniciativa se baseavam na avaliação de uma situação mais favorável de acesso à AE após implantação da Policlínica e da satisfação dos usuários com a qualidade dos serviços. São necessárias estratégias de comunicação com a população e de aproximação com as instâncias de controle social. Considera-se que o caso representa um formato, ao interior da gestão pública, para a prestação de AE mais viável, oportuna e com ganhos de escala e qualidade, sobretudo em territórios com expressivo número de municípios de pequeno porte.
Toxic pneumopathy by Trema micrantha in sheep in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Quevedo Lucas S. , Cristo Thierry G. , Cunha Anna L.O. , Hemckmeier Deise , Marian Lucas , Medeiros Amanda L.V. , Pandolfo Gustavo W. , Casagrande Renata A.
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT: Poisoning by Trema micrantha commonly causes hepatocellular necrosis in cattle, sheep, and goats and edema and cerebral hemorrhage in horses. This plant can cause toxic pneumopathy in sheep, and there is only one report of the natural form and one of the experimental form in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. This study aimed to report an outbreak of the respiratory form of natural poisoning by T. micrantha in sheep. Six sheep developed clinical respiratory signs after consumption of the plant and four of them died and two recovered after treatment with dexamethasone. The sheep presented tachypnea, noisy breathing, edema of the face, eyelids, and vulva, and subcutaneous emphysema on the face and neck. Necropsy (Sheep 2, 3, and 4) showed uncollapsed, heavy, diffuse red lungs with evident costal impressions and a moderate amount of serosanguineous fluid flowed at section. The liver had a moderate diffuse evident lobular pattern. The histopathology of the lungs of the three necropsied sheep showed congestion and edema with the formation of hyaline membranes within accentuated diffuse alveoli, in addition to thickening of the alveolar septa due to mild to moderate diffuse type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and also mild to moderate diffuse infiltrate of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils in the lumen of alveoli, bronchi, and bronchioles. Sheep 3 also showed type II pneumocytes with enlarged and hyperchromatic nuclei, sometimes binucleated with evident nucleoli, and, in some regions, the pneumocytes were desquamated to the alveolar lumen forming small syncytia and mild multifocal hyperplasia in the bronchial epithelium. The anti-cytokeratin IHC evaluation showed marked diffuse intracytoplasmic staining in hyperplastic type II pneumocytes in the bronchiolar epithelium of the three evaluated sheep. The liver of the three sheep had mild multifocal centrilobular necrosis. It seems to be the second report of spontaneous poisoning by T. micrantha in sheep developing lung lesions described in Brazil and the first in the State of Santa Catarina.
Risk of arrhythmias in dogs with structural heart disease
Authors: Mendonça Diana A. , Paiva Jonimar P. , Knackfuss Fabiana , Bendas Alexandre , Alberigi Bruno
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT: Presently, pet life expectancy is becoming longer and several diseases inherent to age have been diagnosed, with heart disease being a frequent finding. Although various heart diseases have different pathophysiologies, many morphological and hemodynamic changes can predispose patients to arrhythmias. The presence of arrhythmias can worsen the underlying heart disease and predispose patients to develop new alterations, making arrhythmia detection important for establishing adequate therapeutic protocols and a better prognosis. The present study aimed to determine the arrhythmias most frequently found in dogs treated at the Cardiology and Respiratory Diseases Service (SCDR) of the Small Animals Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), during the period from January to 2014 to December 2017, relating them to sex, age group, size, and the presence or absence of heart disease. A total of 586 medical records of dogs treated with SCDR-UFRRJ were retrospectively evaluated. Of these, 15.4% had arrhythmias, 95.6% had diagnoses of heart disease, 61.1% (55/90) were diagnosed with mitral valve disease, and 27.8% (25/90) had dilated cardiomyopathies. The most frequent rhythm disturbances were premature ventricular complexes associated with chronic degenerative mitral valve disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. Statistical analysis confirmed the risk of a cardiac patient developing rhythm or conduction alterations (OR, 4.46; p = 0.0003). In conclusion, the pathophysiology of heart failure can lead to the development of rhythm and conduction disorders.
A Woman from Garimpo: The Autobiographical Novel by Nenê Macaggi in Roraima
Authors: Mello Januária
Published: September 2022

Abstract This text proposes to contextualize and analyze the novel by Maria (Nenê) Macaggi (1913-2003), “ A mulher do garimpo: o romance no extremo sertão do Amazonas ” (The woman from the garimpo: the romance in the Amazon’s extreme backlands), published in 1976 by the Official Press of Manaus, drawing a parallel with the author’s biographical trajectory. In the 40’s, Nenê Macaggi participated in an expedition to the northern region of the country and ended up settling in Roraima. It was in the region of the Tepequem and Cotingo rivers, where Nenê discovered the garimpo and worked as an indigenist for the Indian Protection Service (SPI). Several excerpts from the author’s fictional narrative resonate with her trajectory and based on the novel, it is possible to think about historical and gender aspects of artisanal small-scale mining, currently also called garimpo in Brazil. The book tells the story of two characters: Ádria, an orphan born in a tenement in Rio de Janeiro. She was raised as a boy, thus “turning” into José Otávio. As an adult, he migrates to the Amazon region, traveling through several cities, stopping at a mine located at the time in the Territory of Rio Branco, today the State of Roraima. Also Pedro Rocha, a migrant from Ceará to the north of the country, who became a gold miner, but also an extractor of the Amazon’s natural riches: rubber tree, natural rubber (caucho and balata) and Brazilnut. The present article also intends to extract information about the garimpo and the gold miners in Roraima, in the second half of the 20th century, present in the descriptions of some chapters of the novel. By presenting elements that can be highlighted in the universe of the garimpo of this region and time, which may come to collaborate towards a better historical understanding of artisanal mining or prospecting in this region. Divided into two parts: trajectory and novel, the article tries to relate literary text and biographical elements of the novelist's work in relation to mining, in order to explore its proximity to the context and history of the mining theme in Roraima.
Walking Through Cabarets: Knowing the Knowledge of Whoring
Authors: Clarindo Adriely , Zamboni Jésio , Martins Rafaela Werneck Arenari
Published: September 2022

Abstract This article uses narratives about the experiences of sex workers' in three different prostitution zones in the states of São Paulo and Espírito Santo to analyze the relationships and knowledge present in the internal politics of prostitution. To counter perspectives that understand prostitutes as passive victims incapable of producing feminist knowledge and practices in the workplace, Walter Benjamin's politics of narrativity are used as a research method, combined with feminist and “putafeminist” propositions.
Fabulação auto etnográfica - experiência e posição numa pesquisa sobre “prostituição de luxo*
Authors: Lopes Natânia
Published: September 2022

Resumo Este artigo pretende discutir possibilidades de modelos narrativos da escrita etnográfica, em diálogo com as questões que surgiram da minha experiência de pesquisa no campo da prostituição de luxo, no Rio de Janeiro. Procura assim mostrar como esses modelos, em observância a certos protocolos que orientam moralmente a conduta do pesquisador em campo, criam zonas de invisibilidade daquilo que não pode ser narrado. E, ao mesmo tempo, determinam quem está autorizado a ser narrador da etnografia.
A mulher do garimpo: o romance autobiográfico de Nenê Macaggi em Roraima*
Authors: Mello Januária
Published: September 2022

Resumo Este texto se propõe a contextualizar e analisar o romance de Maria (Nenê) Macaggi (1913-2003), A mulher do garimpo: o romance no extremo sertão do Amazonas , publicado em 1976 pela Imprensa Oficial de Manaus, traçando um paralelo com a trajetória biográfica da autora. Na década de 1940, Nenê Macaggi participou de uma expedição à região norte do país e acabou se estabelecendo em Roraima. Foi na região dos rios Tepequém e Cotingo que Nenê conheceu o garimpo e trabalhou como indigenista para o Serviço de Proteção aos Índios (SPI). Vários trechos da narrativa ficcional da autora ressoam da sua trajetória e, a partir do romance, é possível também pensar aspectos históricos e de gênero sobre o garimpo (atualmente chamado também de mineração de pequena escala) nessa região. O livro conta a história de dois personagens: Ádria, órfã nascida num cortiço do Rio de Janeiro e criada como menino, “virando” assim José Otávio, que quando adulto migra para a região amazônica, viajando por várias cidades, parando em um garimpo do então Território Federal do Rio Branco, hoje estado de Roraima; e Pedro Rocha, cearense migrante para o norte do país, que se torna garimpeiro, mas também extrativista das riquezas naturais amazônicas: seringa, caucho, castanha e balata. O presente artigo pretende ainda extrair informações sobre o garimpo e os garimpeiros roraimenses na segunda metade do século XX, a partir das descrições de alguns capítulos do romance que apresentam elementos que podem ser destacados no universo do garimpo da região, vinculados à época, que possam vir a colaborar para uma melhor compreensão histórica da mineração artesanal ou garimpagem desta região. Dividido em duas partes, trajetória e romance, o artigo tenta relacionar texto literário e elementos biográficos da atuação da romancista em relação ao garimpo, a fim de explorar sua proximidade com o contexto e a história do tema do garimpo em Roraima.
Os acontecimentos de Ruth Guimarães (1920-2014): alcances e limites para uma intelectual negra em São Paulo
Authors: Silva Mário Augusto Medeiros da
Published: September 2022

Resumo Este artigo trata da trajetória intelectual da escritora paulista Ruth Guimarães Botelho (1920-2014), funcionária pública, romancista, tradutora, professora e pesquisadora de folclore. Entre 1946, quando lançou seu primeiro livro, e 2008, quando foi empossada como acadêmica, passaram-se 62 anos até obter reconhecimento institucional, do qual desfrutou por seis anos na Academia Paulista de Letras. Além do lançamento aclamado de sua obra mais conhecida, Água Funda , pela editora Globo, também atuou em editoras de prestígio como tradutora do francês de escritores russo e franceses e, ainda, publicou seus trabalhos de pesquisa sobre o folclore brasileiro. As condições sociais de existência da escritora negra e para a produção e recepção de sua obra são, portanto, questões importantes interpeladas por cruzamentos de fontes variadas e pelas entrevistas inéditas realizadas com a autora.