bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assistentes sociais gaúchos(as) e as entidades representativas do Serviço Social
Authors: Corrêa Laís Duarte , Reidel Tatiana
Published: November 2022

Este artigo objetiva analisar como os(as) assistentes sociais, das Seccionais do Conselho Regional de Serviço Social (CRESS) 10ª Região, compreendem e se relacionam com as entidades representativas do Serviço Social. Mostraremos o resultado de uma pesquisa de caráter misto, realizada em 2019-2020, com assistentes sociais ativos(as) das Seccionais do CRESS 10ª Região. Para a obtenção dos dados, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo com grupos focais e aplicação de questionário. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo e análise do tipo inferencial para o tratamento dos dados. Os resultados indicaram fragilidade na compreensão acerca do papel das entidades e dificuldades de participação. Apontamos para a necessidade de fortalecimento das entidades representativas da categoria como estratégia de enfrentamento à intensificação da precarização do mundo do trabalho e das políticas sociais, assim como para estratégias que contribuam para a compreensão do papel das entidades e da democratização dos espaços representativos da categoria, enquanto formas de ampliação da participação dos profissionais.
Medición e identificación de pobreza: dos metodologías utilizadas en Costa Rica
Authors: Carlos Laclé Juan
Published: November 2022

Este estudio pretende explicar la forma en que se mide o identifican las familias en condición de pobreza en Costa Rica, específicamente a través de los métodos denominados Línea de Pobreza (LP) y el instrumento de focalización que utiliza encuestas indirectas de comprobación de los medios, denominado Sistema de Información de la Población Objetivo (SIPO). Se trata de explicar brevemente el desarrollo del sistema y una serie de limitaciones que han afectado su consolidación; asimismo se explican y comparan los cambios que se realizan en el Indicador de bienestar o material. Finalmente se realiza una propuesta que ayude a minimizar los inconvenientes que ha tenido el sistema para convertirse en el Instrumento Único de Selección de los beneficiarios del Sector Social.
¿Son Sostenibles las Áreas Protegidas? Biorentas y Eficiencia del Gasto
Authors: Adamson Badilla Marcos
Published: November 2022

Costa Rica a pesar de su relativo pequeño tamaño ostenta un privilegiado lugar entre las 20 naciones que presentan la mayor intensidad de áreas protegidas por Km2. Este esfuerzo se ha materializado en lo que actualmente se conoce como Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC), el cual es el principal bioactivo que soporta la estrategia de desarrollo ecoturístico de ese país. Este artículo por un lado, ofrece un aporte teórico en economía de las áreas protegidas. Introduce conceptos como biobeneficios económicos y biorentas netas, principal atractivo, entre otros. Su aplicación a la experiencia costarricense permite concluir que: a) existe un potencial muy importante de generación de biobeneficios económicos de las áreas silvestres protegidas, las cuales han sido superavitarias; b) pese a lo anterior, los resultados evidencian que el SINAC no esta optimizando la capacidad de generación de biobeneficios; c) que la práctica ha sido simplemente acumular esas biorentas netas y no re-invertirlas en el sistema; d) lo cual es paradójico, a la luz de los grandes retos que enfrenta el país para consolidar territorial y biológicamente un sistema que ya evidencia una importante y acelerada biodepreciacion; e) la cual conducirá a la insosteniblidad de todo el sistema. Al final se presentan varias recomendaciones de política económica ambiental y de manejo del sistema para lograr su sosteniblidad económica y biológica.
Hacia una reconceptualización de la política social: revisión del debate teórico más reciente
Authors: Arias Ramírez Rafael , Muñoz López Juan José
Published: November 2022

La formulación de la política social en América Latina a partir de la década de los años ochenta, se ha visto influenciada por un contexto económico adverso, no solo por los efectos de la crisis internacional de los años ochenta y el fuerte cuestionamiento a las políticas de desarrollo económico vigentes en ese momento (Estructuralismo), sino por el predominio alcanzado por las tesis económicas neoliberales y sus programas de Ajuste Estructural (PAE's), que dan prioridad a los objetivos de la estabilidad y el crecimiento económico y que cuestionan abiertamente las políticas públicas activas que caracterizaron al modelo anterior.
El método hipotético-deductivo como legado del positivismo lógico y el racionalismo crítico: su influencia en la economía
Authors: Hernández Chanto Allan
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo es un intento por identificar el legado deductivista (arraigado en el Círculo de Viena y en el pensamiento de Karl Popper) en la metodología de la economía positiva. Con este afán, se realiza una breve reseña del empirismo científico y del método inductivo para luego ahondar en el aporte del positivismo lógico y el racionalismo critico. Posteriormente, se pasa revista sobre las principales críticas a estos enfoques y se realiza un cuidadoso análisis de la función de los modelos en la economía, para terminar con algunas reflexiones sobre el desarrollo de la econometría como método de contrastación empírica, en donde se hace especial mención al aporte realizado por la Comisión Cowles.
Los instrumentos financieros derivados: concepto, operación y algunas estrategias de negociación
Authors: Mesén Figueroa Vernor
Published: November 2022

Uno de los instrumentos financieros más sofisticados y que ha presentado mayor crecimiento en los volúmenes negociados durante los últimos años, son los derivados, por ello el interés en escribir acerca de este tema. Un derivado es un instrumento financiero el cual está vinculado al valor de un activo subyacente, que pueden ser commodities, acciones, bonos, tasas de interés, divisas, entre otros. Existen diferentes tipos de derivados, entre ellos: futuros, forwards, opciones y swaps. Estos instrumentos son negociados tanto en mercados organizados como no organizados, más comúnmente conocidos como OTC (Over The Counter) y comúnmente son utilizados como instrumento de cobertura o especulación. El presente artículo pretende acercar al lector a este concepto: sus características, tipos, operación y algunas estrategias de negociación de estos productos.
El impacto de la cultura en el desarrollo de las PYMEs
Authors: Ugalde Binda Nadia
Published: November 2022

Este artículo analiza el impacto de la cultura sobre el desarrollo de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (en adelante PYME's). En Costa Rica cerca de un 94% de las empresas cae dentro de la clasificación de PYMES y más de un 70% de éstas se ubican en la región central (Ledesma, 2002). Según Ledesma, las estadísticas muestran que alrededor de 243.611 empleos directos están en relación con el sector, lo que representa cerca de un 20% de la población económicamente activa (en adelante PEA). De allí la importancia de analizar cualquier elemento que explique su alta mortalidad.
Estrategias de la industria maquiladora Delphi en Sinaloa para enfrentar la crisis económica de 2007-2009
Authors: Guerra García Ernesto , Acosta Perea Antonio Enrique , Vargas Hernández José G.
Published: November 2022

La actual crisis económica mundial presenta características diferenciadoras de las demás crisis que México ha tenido en las décadas pasadas. El ingrediente adicional es que ésta nueva dinámica económica proviene principalmente de los Estados Unidos de América; la crisis económica ha afectado significativamente al sector manufacturero maquilador del país, que desde hace una década presentaba ya signos inequívocos de las dificultades económicas que se avecinaban; para contrarrestarla, las estrategias principales de Delphi en Sinaloa han sido: la reducción de riesgos, la diversificación, la concentración y la reducción de costos.
Una propuestra técnico-conceptual para el diseño organizacional en la administración pública
Authors: Bolaños Garita Rolando
Published: November 2022

Dentro del lenguaje técnico-administrativo con que cuentan las instituciones públicas en Costa Rica, se denota el uso indiscriminado de cierta terminología que ha venido afincándose a lo largo del tiempo sin que se le haya brindado la fundamentación adecuada para que pueda ser de uso colectivo. Nos referimos a los términos empleados en los procesos de organización o reorganización estructural de las instituciones públicas dentro de los cuales reconocemos: Gerencia, Dirección, Departamento, Sección, mismos que tal y como se presentará en el presente artículo, revisten cualidades no semejantes, si no que únicamente cercanía; por lo que resulta indispensable proveer una acepción revestida de racionalidad administrativa, pragmática, capaz de ahora sí, emplearse en apropiadas estrategias de modernización y adaptabilidad de nuestra administración pública.
La transición de un modelo individualista e internista a uno más social y colaborativo en la formación universitaria
Authors: Piedra García Luis Ángel
Published: November 2022

En el siguiente documento abordaremos el tema de los procesos de transición de una formación universitaria abundante en argumentos internistas, individualistas y competitivos por uno más social y colaborativo que nos aproxima al modo natural de enseñar y aprender en nuestra especie. Para ello hacemos un análisis general de algunos elementos claves en la formación universitaria analógica que rechaza la idea de que somos procesadores de información.
Democracia en América Latina apert ura económica, populismo y crisis
Authors: Rodríguez Echeverría Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2022

After 1979, Latin America adopted broadbased reforms, abandoning import substitution industrialization for an export oriented development strategy and simultaneously adopting democratic forms of government. The new economic policies of open trade, balanced public budgets, monetary orthodoxy, exchange rate neutrality and more competitive and free internal markets are established at the same time that democracies start to operate in the Latin American Republics. What are the interactions between economic and political reforms? Is the simultaneity of economic and political institutions the cause of the disenchantment with democracy at the beginning of the XXI Century? This article analysizes these questions and reaches a negative answer. The thesis that complete and rational transformations are not possible determines that institutions must be transformed by marginal, gradual, evolutionary change, supported by strong coalitions of citizens. The future of democracy and open markets in the region depends on reinforcing political and economic institutional transformations, supported by broad coalitions that piecemeal evolve to more open organizations.
Análisis de Correspondencia para estudiar la relación entre algunas variables medidas a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Opinión Pública del año 2006 (ENOPU -06)
Authors: Aguilar Fernández Eduardo
Published: November 2022

Este estudio tiene como finalidad establecer relaciones entre distintas variables educativas y de salud de la ENOPU-06. Para ello se estudia la relación entre las variables nivel educativo y centro de salud que visitó la última vez, nivel de ingreso del hogar y región donde vive, edad y establecimiento de salud que visitó la última vez. Para estudio de la relación entre las variables se aplicó la técnica de Análisis de Correspondencia. Los resultados muestran que las personas de mayor edad buscan atención médica más local y que las personas de edades intermedias fueron las más dadas a buscar atención médica. Las personas de la región metropolitana parecen tener un ingreso que les permite satisfacer sus necesidades. Además, las personas con mayor nivel de preparación académica tienden a buscar los centros hospitalarios que cuentan con mayor cantidad de servicios especializados.
El rol de la política energética en las emisiones por generación eléctrica de América Latina
Authors: Zilio Mariana
Published: November 2022

En el marco del debate sobre la relación entre el producto y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar el vínculo entre las emisiones de CO2 por generación eléctrica y el PBI per capita, para nueve de los países de mayor desarrollo relativo de América Latina. A partir de los resultados del análisis descriptivo propuesto, es posible concluir que serían las decisiones de política energética, y no el producto, las que definen el sendero de emisiones por generación eléctrica en los países bajo estudio, cuestionando así la incorporación de emisiones provenientes de esta fuente en la contrastación de la hipótesis de la Curva de Kuznets de Carbono.
Attentional biases and daily game craving dynamics: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Zhou Yucheng , Zhou Yanling , Zhou Jifan , Shen Mowei , Zhang Meng
Published: November 2022

Background and aims

Theories posit that the combination of external (e.g. cue exposure) and internal (e.g. attention biases) factors contributes to the development of game craving. Nevertheless, whether different components of attentional biases (namely, engagement bias and disengagement bias) play separate roles on game craving has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to examine the associations between two facets of attentional biases and game craving dynamics under a daily life setting.

Methods

Participants (110 regular internet game players) accomplished the modified attentional assessment task in the laboratory, after which they entered a 10-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to collect data on their momentary game craving and occurrence of game-related events at five different time points per day.

Results

We found that occurrence of game-related events was significantly associated with increased game craving. Moreover, attentional disengagement bias, instead of engagement bias, bore on the occasional level variations of game craving as moderating variables. Specifically, attentional disengagement bias, not engagement bias, was associated with a greater increase in game craving immediately after encountering a game-related event; however, neither attentional engagement bias nor disengagement bias was associated with the craving maintenance after a relatively long period.

Discussion and conclusions

The present study highlights the specific attentional processes involved in game craving dynamics, which could be crucial for designing interventions for attentional bias modification (ABM) in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) populations.
Prevalência de transtornos mentais em profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19: revisão sistemática
Authors: Oliveira Fabrício Emanuel Soares de , Costa Samuel Trezena , Dias Verônica Oliveira , Martelli Júnior Hercilio , Martelli Daniella Reis Barbosa
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura avaliando a prevalência de transtornos mentais em profissionais da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática conduzida com base no checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). As bases de dados usadas foram a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e os serviços da United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) via PubMed, com as estratégias de busca: “COVID-19” AND “Saúde mental”; “COVID-19” AND “Saúde mental” AND “pessoal de saúde”, em português e inglês, selecionando artigos observacionais e/ou de prevalência publicados a partir de 2020. Resultados: A busca resultou na identificação de 18.643 artigos, e a amostra final foi composta por 9 artigos. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram os de depressão, ansiedade e insônia em profissionais que atuaram no período da pandemia da COVID-19, predominantemente do sexo feminino e idade média de 34,5 anos. A média da prevalência de ansiedade, depressão e insônia foi, respectivamente, de 40,3%, 39,9% e 36,1%, aferidas em 8.866 profissionais da saúde. Os profissionais atuantes na linha de frente no combate à COVID-19 apresentaram maiores prevalências de transtornos mentais comuns em relação a outros profissionais de saúde. Conclusões: Mostraram-se associadas a maiores prevalências de sintomas de TMC: sexo feminino, atuação na linha de frente, maior jornada de trabalho, histórico de uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos, condições inadequadas de trabalho, uso de álcool e tabaco e atuação na área de enfermagem. Observa-se a importância de estratégias de atenção à saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde.
SOCIAL NETWORK MAP: A TECHNOLOGY FOR THE APPROACH TO PEOPLE WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Ferreira Mariana Cristina , Nascimento Flaviana Pereira Bastos , Sodré Vitória Regina Domingues , Motta Maria Catarina Salvador da , Souza Maria Helena do Nascimento , Zeitoune Regina Célia Gollner , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the primary social network map as a technology for the approach to people with pulmonary tuberculosis. Method a qualitative study, grounded on the Social Network theoretical-methodological framework and carried out from January to February 2020 with 32 individuals diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis at Basic Health Units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data were collected in semi-structured interviews by means of a script to characterize the participants and prepare the social network map. The content analysis technique was used. Results in the representation of the maps there was presence of a strong connection between the participants and the members of their primary network, comprised by family members, close friends and colleagues. In this interpersonal experience, the types of support received were especially emotional and/or material. Conclusion using a social network map as an approach technology proved to be innovative and original with regard to the care provided to people with pulmonary tuberculosis, allowing health professionals to carry out their care practice in an integrated way with members of this network, especially those who may assist in care, prevention of abandonment and treatment of the disease.
Algicidal granules from ceramized rocks. Part 2. Calculation of the technological process modes of firing raw pellets in a rotating furnace
Authors: Sokov V. N. , Almatov A. S.
Published: November 2022

The calculation of the amount of heat necessary and sufficient to heat the mass of granules to a certain temperature is given. The average holding time of pellets in the oven is 17 min. At this time, thermochemical processes of ordering the structure of granules, oxidative and reducing reactions and other endogenous reactions on the surface of the granules are taking place. Due to the high rate of temperature change on the surface of the pellet, destruction will occur, and destruction is possible. To assess the resistance of the obtained granules to bio-contamination, their testing was carried out. The obtained biocidal granules are characterized by resistance to bio-contamination/ comparable to the standard and will be resistant to biofouling for a period comparable to the standard, depending on the selective corrosion of copper-zinc brasses. Ill. 1. Ref. 14.
Industrial waste-derived alumina-zirconia-silica low cement castable
Authors: El-Amir Ahmed A. M. , Bayoum Ibrahim M. I. , El-Korashy Sabry A. , Shalaby Nasser H. , Ewais Emad M. M.
Published: November 2022

High-strength low cement castables have been produced for the first time from the demolished waste of glass furnaces (AZS). Rheology studies indicate the high prominence of longchain ionizable sodium tripolyphosphate STPP (0,2 wt. %) as a dispersant for electrostatic stabilization and rheological characteristics improvement of the entire alumina-zirconiasilica refractory castable. In this work, four castable mixes of various Andreasen packing modulus (n 0,22, 0,23, 0,24, and 0,25) have been formulated using the Andreasen equation. The castable of Andreasen packing modulus n = 0,25 demonstrates an outstanding compressive strength (1118,15 kg/cm2 ) and a moderate bulk density (2,65 g/cm3 ) when fired at 1375 o C. It has showed the highest dimensional stability and its permanent linear change hasn’t exceeded 0,6 % at 1300 o C. This castable displays high thermal shock resistance (30 cycles) and high abrasion resistance (abrasion loss ~ 2,05 % after 280 abrasion test cycles) when fired at 1300 o C. Its superb abrasion resistance recommends its usage in high wear rate sections of cement kiln and its great thermal shock resistance makes it an excellent choice in the case of kiln instability. The outcomes indicated that the tailored castable of n = 0,25 is highly recommended for lining the inlet of rotary cement kiln at temperatures 1000‒1300 o C. In this context, this work opens the door wide for the use of glass kiln demolished waste for the installation of high-strength lowcement refractory castable for lining the inlet cement kiln. Ill. 11. Ref. 50. Tab. 3.
Taking stock of the last 20 years: Responses to organised crime in a democratic South Africa
Authors: Goga Khalil
Published: November 2022

Following the end of apartheid, the South African state has faced a number of challenges. One of these has been the growing spectre of organised crime, which has weighed heavily on the public consciousness. The narrative has been one of organised crime, which is becoming increasingly sophisticated and dangerous, pitted against a weakening and ill-equipped state. This article seeks to give insight into the legal and institutional measures taken by the South African state over the last 20 years. It focuses on direct state responses to organised crime, primarily changes to legislation and enforcement structures. It finds that although the state has been active in changing legislation to combat organised crime, it has often been its own worst enemy where enforcement is concerned, and has consequently lost some important tools in the fight against organised crime.
Twenty years of punishment (and democracy) in South Africa: The pitfalls of governing crime through the community
Authors: Super Gail
Published: November 2022

This article examines how the ideology of ‘community’ is deployed to govern crime in South Africa, both by marginalised black communities and by the government. Although the turn to ‘community’ started under the National Party government in the late 1970s, there is no doubt that as a site, technology, discourse, ideology and form of governance, ‘community’ has become entrenched in the post-1994 era. Utilising empirical data drawn from ethnographic research on vigilantism in Khayelitsha, as well as archival materials in respect of ANC policies and practices before it became the governing party, I argue that rallying ‘communities’ around crime combatting has the potential to unleash violent technologies in the quest for ‘ethics’ and ‘morality’. When community members unite against an outsider they are bonded for an intense moment in a way that masks the very real problems that tear the community apart. Because violent punishment is one of the  consequences of the state’s turn towards democratic localism, we should question the way in which the ‘community’ is deployed as a tool of crime prevention, and subject it to rigorous scrutiny.
Spare the rod and save the child: Assessing the impact of parenting on child behaviour and mental health
Authors: Ward Catherine L , Gould Chandré , Kelly Jane , Mauff Katya
Published: November 2022

Parenting has a considerable impact on children’s behaviour and mental health. Improving child health and behaviour requires an understanding of the relationship between parenting practices; contexual factors such asparental mental health, intimate partner violence, substance abuse and poverty; and children’s behaviour. In this article the authors report the findings of a survey of parenting and child behaviour in a small rural South Africancommunity. The findings show that corporal punishment, the stress of parenting and parental mental health are significantly associated with both children’s internalising (depression and anxiety) and externalising (rulebreakingand aggression) symptoms. Intimate partner violence in the home was also associated with children’s externalising symptoms. These findings imply that parent support and training, and an increase in services to address intimate partner violence and mental health problems, should be prioritised as part of a nationalviolence reduction strategy.
Violence prevention: Consideration for selection and implementation
Authors: Gevers Anik , Dartnall Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

No abstract
Leading a horse to water...: Assessing review mechanisms of SAPS performance
Authors: Burger Johan
Published: November 2022

There have been no shortage of reviews, evaluations and audits of police performance in South Africa over the past decade. This article provides a detailed description of the key findings of a number of reviews relating to the role and function of the SAPS. A closer reading of these reviews points to considerable agreement about the systemic weaknesses that confront the police organisation today. What is problematised in this article is the apparent inability and/or unwillingness of senior leadership to address the organisational defects through deliberative and concerted interventions. This lack of action has dire consequences for both the police organisation and the communities it is supposed to serve.
Estimating the effect of taxing CO2 emissions on Russian oil industry
Authors:   RANEPA, Burmina Svetlana , Nesterova Kristina ,   IPEA RANEPA, Polbin Andrey ,   IPEA RANEPA
Published: November 2022

The impact of hypothetical restrictions on fossil fuel consumption, implemented through the introduction of a tax on CO2 emissions in the global economy and certain regions, on oil production by Russia, OPEC, and eight other major oil producers is assessed in this article. The first part of this study reviews the current literature on taxation of emissions in the global economy. Approaches to modelling such a policy and the problem of choosing the trajectory of the tax rate are analyzed, as are the main conclusions, consequences, and recommendations for the economic policy of oil exporting countries. Approaches to modelling pricing in the oil market are considered separately. The analysis shows that the premise of oligopolistic strategic interaction of oil exporters plays an important role in modelling the oil market. Subsequently, a model of strategic interaction between countries in the oil market is built according to the Cournot model. This model is calibrated using data on the parameter of demand as well as supply, including the production costs of individual exporting countries according to Rystad. Twelve scenarios for taxation of the industry through the introduction of a tax on CO2 emissions in the amount of $25, $50 and $75 dollars per ton of emissions are built. It is assumed that this tax is converted into a tax on the purchase of oil in proportion to the amount of emissions that are emitted when using each barrel of oil. For each initial value of the tax rate of the tax on emissions, cases are considered when the rate remains unchanged or increases at a constant rate of 1.5% per year. Further, the same options for taxation when applied only by developed countries are also considered. The analysis in this article shows that a gradual increase in the tax rate leads to accelerated oil production. It also reveals the significant role of the spillover effect between markets in the case of the introduction of a tax only in some countries. Thus, with the introduction of a tax of $50 per ton of emissions with an annual growth of 1.5% worldwide, the peak oil price is lower by $29.6 per barrel. With the introduction of such a tax only in developed countries, the fall in oil prices at its peak compared to the baseline scenario without taxation is $18.4 per barrel in the market where a tax was introduced, and $7.8 per barrel in a market that did not impose a tax. It is also indicated that, due to the introduction of the tax, Russia has one of the largest losses in revenue among all oil exporters.
Approaches of BRICS Countries to Data Regulation
Authors:   RANEPA, Shelepov Andrei
Published: November 2022

Data are not a new economic resource, but their level is now growing at an unprecedented rate as a result of digital devices and services proliferation. Analysis of emerging national data regulatory systems shows significant differences in country approaches, especially in relation to cross-border data flows, depending on economic specifics and national interests. Differences in approaches between major actors pose challenges for other countries, increase the fragmentation of the global regulatory environment, create uncertainty, and multiply compliance costs for businesses. These factors determine the importance of international cooperation on data governance. The author reviews the approaches of four BRICS countries – China, India, Brazil and South Africa – to data governance, primarily regulations of cross-border flows, as well as data localization requirements. Based on the results of the review, general trends of the reviewed countries’ approaches to data governance have been identified, leading to the conclusion that BRICS cooperation can be strengthened, primarily in the area of mutual recognition of the existing and discussed data protection measures adequacy to ensure mutually beneficial cross-border data movement.
КОЛЛЕКТИВНЫЕ ПРАВА В КОНСТИТУЦИОННОМ ПРАВЕ
Authors: БОГДАНОВА Наталья Александровна , ГРЕКОВА Екатерина Михайловна
Published: November 2022

В контексте вопроса о важности прав человека особое место занимает категория коллективных прав как прав третьего поколения, на данный момент изученных и описанных неполно, однако заслуживающих внимания ввиду своей бесспорной необходимости. в рамках данной статьи были исследованы природа, особенности и значение коллективных прав в общей системе прав и свобод, а также проведен анализ конституционно-правового закрепления таких прав.
ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ПРИРОДА ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ДОСТОЯНИЯ: ЗА И ПРОТИВ ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В ПРАКТИКЕ
Authors: БЛИЗНЕЦ Иван Анатольевич
Published: November 2022

Подняты проблемы института общественного достояния в Российской Федерации. Раскрыты правовая природа общественного достояния и его место в системе современного авторского права. Даны практические рекомендации о возможных путях решения данной проблемы.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ АКТИВЫ И ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНАЯ СОБСТВЕННОСТЬ
Authors: БУЗОВА Наталья Владимировна
Published: November 2022

Цифровая форма удобна для хранения и распространения информации и результатов творчества, в том числе в информационно-телекоммуникационных сетях. Объекты в цифровой форме могут иметь определенную ценность и соответственно являться предметом различных договорных правоотношений. Цифровые объекты, имеющие потенциальную коммерческую ценность, относят к цифровым активам. Однако некоторые цифровые объекты, хотя и имеющие потенциальную ценность, охраняемыми результатами интеллектуальной деятельности не признаются. При этом такие объекты связаны с использованием охраняемых творческих результатов в цифровой среде.

Изменение формы представления результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, объектов творчества коренным образом не меняет правовые походы в отношении признания таких объектов и порядка их использования, в том числе в коммерческих целях. В то же время современные технологии позволяют создавать в отношении цифровых объектов записи в цифровой форме в независимых распределенных реестрах, блокчейне. Такие записи, именуемые NFT (невзаимозаменяемые токены), в связи с возможностью их продажи третьим лицам получают потенциальную ценность, поэтому их также можно отнести к цифровым активам. В статье рассмотрена возможность отнесения к цифровым активам результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, выраженных в цифровой форме, а также иных объектов, не являющихся охраняемыми результатами, но связанных с их использованием.

При написании статьи использованы, в частности, методы анализа и синтеза, метод системности, формально-логический метод и др.

При соответствии NFT определенным законодательным требованиям их можно отнести к новым объектам гражданского права, а именно — к цифровым правам. В статье рассмотрены некоторые проблемные аспекты использования NFT и их признания полноценными объектами гражданских прав в Российской Федерации. Отмечается возможность использования NFT для защиты исключительных прав в судебном порядке, поскольку они могут служить доказательствами существования цифрового объекта в объективной форме на определенную дату.
ИСТОРИЯ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОНЯТИЯ СМЕЖНЫХ ПРАВ
Authors: ПЕТКИЛЁВ Пётр Игоревич
Published: November 2022

Задачами настоящего исследования являются анализ истории развития смежных прав и определение понятия смежных прав. Автор исследует зарождение и развитие смежных прав на международном и внутригосударственных уровнях. В работе проанализированы различные подходы к определению понятия объектов смежных прав, описаны плюсы и минусы таких подходов. Последовательно критикуются различные подходы к пониманию смежных прав, а также сформулирован вывод о том, что в силу правовой природы смежных прав определение понятия может строиться исключительно со ссылкой на конкретные объекты смежных прав. Актуальность темы обусловлена новизной института смежных прав в мире и в отечественном законодательстве, а также тем фактом, что в законодательстве различных стран под объектами смежных прав понимаются разные результаты интеллектуальной деятельности.
GIDA AMBALAJLARININ TÜKETİCİ SATIN ALMA KARARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: Birol Emel
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmadaki amaç; tüketicilerin gıdaları satın alma süreçlerinde gıda ambalajlarının etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaç için gıda ambalajlarının materyali ve tasarımında kullanılan renk ve görselleri bazında tüketici davranışları analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma 15.12.2021-5.01.2022 tarihleri arasında, çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturan İstanbul Anadolu yakasındaki alışveriş merkezlerinde, yargısal olarak seçilen marketlerden alışveriş yapan farklı yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim ve gelir düzeyine sahip 552 kişiyle yüz yüze anket yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma için, İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi Etik Kurulundan 13.12.2021 tarih/E-71457743-050.01.04-2021.137548.17-271 sayısıyla gerekli izin alınmıştır. İstatistiksel sonuçlara göre satın alma kararında, gıda ambalaj materyallerinin tüketicilerin yaşları, cinsiyetleri, eğitim ve gelir durumları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı (p>0,05) tespit edilmiştir. Satın alma kararında gıda ambalajlarının renk ve görsellerinin, tüketicilerin gelir durumlarıyla ilişkisi anlamsız çıkarken; tüketicilerin yaş, eğitim durumlarıyla ilişkisi anlamlı (p0,05) ambalajların görsellerine göre satın alma ilişkisinin anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre gıdaların tanıtımında özellikle gıda ambalajlarının tasarımına büyük önem verilmesinin gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Interpersonal Perception: how the Situation Determines Our Assessment of Another Person
Authors: Ananyeva K.I. , Demidov A.A. , Samoylenko E.S.
Published: November 2022

The work is aimed at studying the dynamics of interpersonal perception in various situations of representation of the sitter and at different stages of the development of the situation. The study involved 126 people (74% women and 26% men) aged 18 to 60 years (M = 31.78; SD = 9.78). The subjects were randomly divided into four independent groups. Each group was shown videos, where the sitter was shown in three situations, differing in the degree of formalization of communication (passing through the entrance of the institution, passing the exam, consulting a psychologist), while the first group saw only the beginning of the situation, the second — the middle, the third — the end, and the fourth the group watched each of the videos in their entirety. It is shown that, in general, the assessments of one and the same person, in different situations of interaction, are determined not only by the appearance and behavior of the sitter, but also by the situation itself. Also, for some personal qualities, differences were found in the assessment depending on the stage of development of the communicative situation.
Features of the Impact of Self-Assessments of the Face on the Emotional Component
Authors: Labunskaya V.A.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study is to determine the hierarchy of the intensity of the impact of the totality of factors (self-assessments of the face, satisfaction, concern about the appearance) on the subjective well-being of the person and its components. At the first stage, the intensity of the impact of concern, satisfaction with the appearance on the self-esteem of the face were determined. The second stage tested the hypothesis of the hierarchical intensity of the effect of three predictors on the subjective assessment of well-being. The study involved 188 people (~35% male and ~65% female) aged 18 to 45 years (M = 26.6), The distribution of study participants by individual self-assessment levels is as follows: ~ 32% have a low and below average level; 34.6% — average level; 33.5% are distinguished by a high and above average level of assessment of their face (c2 = 166.435 at p = 0.000).Methods used: 1. Questionnaire “Self-assessment of appearance,” developed by V.A. Labunskaya. 2. The scale “Subjective well-being” in the adaptation of V.M. Sokolova. 3. Questionnaire “Attitude to its appearance: satisfaction and concern,” developed by E.V. Kapitanova, V.A. Labunskaya. Mathematical procedures: c2, Kraskel-Wallace criteria, Mann-Whitney U, linear and step-by-step regression analysis (IBM SPPS Statistical 23.0).Results of the study: a combination of predictors (satisfaction, concern about the appearance, self-esteem of the face) has a significant but insufficiently intense effect on subjective well-being; face self-esteem affects the most intensely; the expression of satisfaction with the appearance affects only certain components of subjective well-being; concern about the appearance does not affect both the integral subjective assessment of well-being and the assessments of its components.
Çanakkale ilindeki Q ateşi olgularının retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALKAN Sevil
Published: November 2022

Amaç: Q ateşi, özellikle risk grubundaki bireylerde akut ve kronik formda görülebilen, özgül olmayan semptomları nedeniyle tanısı atlanabilen, zoonotik bir hastalıktır. Önceleri sıklıkla yanlış tanı alan bu hastalık olguları, ülkemizden de son yıllarda bildirilmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Q ateşi olgularının klinik ve laboratuvar parametrelerini retrospektif olarak değerlendirmeyi ve Q ateşi farkındalığını arttırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Retrospektif gözlemsel çalışmamızda, 18 yaş üstü, kesin tanı almış, Q ateşi olguları değerlendirildi. Hastalara ait yaş, cinsiyet, meslek, ikamet edilen yer gibi demografik veriler, kene teması öyküleri, hastalığın geliştiği zaman dilimi (yıl, mevsim, ay), eşlik eden komorbiditeler, semptomlar, fizik muayene ve laboratuvar bulguları, tedaviler, hastaların iyileşme ve mortalite durumları irdelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 49.23±12.1 yıl, 7’si (%57) erkek olan 14 olgu dahil edildi. En sık semptomlar ateş yüksekliği (%100), öksürük (%71.4) ve miyalji (%57.1) idi. Olguların tamamı akut Q ateşi olgusu olup, endokardit hiçbir olguda saptanmadı. Sonuç: Ülkemizin Q ateşi hastalığı için olası endemik bölgelerden olması nedeniyle, özellikle kırsal kesimde yaşayan, hayvancılıkla uğraşma, pastörize edilmemiş süt/süt ürünü tüketme gibi risk faktörleri olan hastalarda özellikle pnömoni ve miyalji varlığında akılda tutulmalıdır.
Koronavirüs salgınında yaşanan korku ve postpartum depresyon ilişkisi: Kesitsel bir çalışma
Authors: YILMAZ Büşra , YAVUZ Meryem Yaren , BİLGE Çiğdem , MECDİ KAYDIRAK Meltem
Published: November 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada 0-12 aylık bebeği olan kadınların Koronavirüs salgınında yaşadığı korkunun postpartum depresyon ile ilişkisini incelemek amaçlandı.

Yöntem: Kesitsel tanımlayıcı tipteki çalışma verileri 20 Mart-15 Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında çevrim içi platformlarda toplandı. Çalışmaya 18-45 yaş aralığında, 0-12 aylık bebeği olan 206 kadın dahil edildi. Veriler katılımcı tanıtım formu, Edinburg Postpartum Depresyon Ölçeği ve Koronavirüs Korkusu Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edildi.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların %81.1’inin Koronavirüs geçirmemiş olduğu gözlendi. Koronavirüs geçirenlerin %61.5’i bu süreçte bebeklerini emzirdiği tespit edildi. Çalışma durumu, doğum sebebiyle çalışmaya ara verme ve salgın sebebiyle çalışmaya ara verme arasında Koronavirüs Korkusu Ölçeği puanlarında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark olduğu belirlendi. Katılımcıların %32.6’sı postpartum depresyon açısından risk grubunda bulunmaktaydı. İşe tekrar başlamayı düşünen katılımcıların düşünmeyenlere göre daha düşük postpartum depresyon riskinde oldukları belirlendi.

Sonuç: Çalışmada postpartum süreçte kadınların orta düzeyde Koronavirüse yakalanma korkusuna sahip olduğu ve Koronavirüs korkusu ile postpartum depresyon arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu belirlendi. Doğum sonrası dönemde hem fiziksel hem de psikososyal kapsamlı değerlendirme yapılmalı, ihtiyacı olan kadınlar profesyonel psikolojik destek almaları konusunda cesaretlendirilmelidir.
Hafif ve orta dereceli aort darlığı ciddiyeti ile global sol ventrikül yüklenme endeksi, kontraktilite rezervi ve kalp hızı toparlanma zamanı karşılaştırılması
Authors: KAYA Ülker
Published: November 2022

Amaç: Aort darlığı kalp kapağı hastalıkları içinde en sık görülenidir. Hastalar semptomatik olup, kapak cerrahisi uygulanamadığı durumlarda yaşam beklentisi kısalır. Hastaların asemptomatik dönemde tespiti önemlidir. Bizim bu çalışmadaki amacımız kalp hızı toparlama zamanı, kontraktilite rezervi ve global sol ventrikül hacim yüklenme endeksi parametlerininasemptomatik hafif ve orta derece aort darlığı olan hastalarda aort kapak ciddiyeti ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya 36 hafif aort darlığı, 24 orta aort darlığı olan hasta kabul edildi. Hastaların kalp hızı toparlama zamanı, kontraktilite rezervi ve global sol ventrikül hacim yüklenme endeksi hesaplandı ve bulunan değerler ve hasta sayıları arasındaki fark istatiksel olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Hafif ve orta aort darlığı olan hastalarda kontraktilite rezervi ortalaması arasında anlamlı farklılık saptandı (%5.31±1.21 vs %3.87±1.06, sırasıyla, p
Evaluation of patients admitted to the emergency room with the claim of being exposed to chemical gas in northwest Syria
Authors: ÇELİK Burak , KARACA Bahadır , TAYFUR İsmail
Published: November 2022

Objective: Our study, it was aimed to evaluate the patients who applied after being affected by chemical gas in northwest Syria, to examine the treatment results, and to raise awareness about chemical gas attacks.

Method: The study included 43 patients who applied to the emergency department of our hospital, who felt an odor similar to the smell of onion and garlic and were sick. Our research is a retrospective study. Retrospective data were collected from the files of patients admitted after gas exposure. Statistical analyzes of the study were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 software for Windows. P-value below 0.05 in all statistical analyzes were interpreted as statistically significant.

Results: All 43 patients were male. The mean age was 24.86 ∓ 8.81 years. Vital signs at the time of application; mean blood pressure 97.23 ∓ 5.61 mmHg, fever 37.2 ∓ 0.57 °C, heart rate 99.28 ∓ 9.89 / min, oxygen saturation 96.43 ∓ 1.53 %. In total, 3 patients had convulsions. 20 patients had agitation and spasm sensation, 12 patients had redness of the eyes and 42 patients had complaints of shortness of breath.

Conclusion: Awareness, rapid decontamination, and symptomatic treatment are thought to be very important in minimizing the devastating effects of chemical attack agents.
Особенности санкционного регулирования в США, ЕС и Великобритании: сравнительный анализ
Authors: Арапова Екатерина , Кудинов Алексей
Published: November 2022

В последние годы использование односторонних ограничительных мер в качестве инструмента внешней политики стало широко распространенным явлением, при этом резко ускорился процесс их правового оформления. Статья ставит своей целью сопоставить тенденции санкционного законодательства США, ЕС и Великобритании c позиции политических интересов и приоритетов этих стран. Авторами проведен сравнительный анализ тематических акцентов и целеполагания, лежащего в основе оформления санкционных режимов, различий в подходах к определению “гуманитарных изъятий”, уровня судебного контроля, а также подсанкционных юрисдикций, предопределяющих санкционные эффекты не только для объектов санкций, но и для третьих стран и субъектов. Сегодня все более очевидной становится гармонизация санкционных режимов США, ЕС и Великобритании. Вслед за санкционным курсом США законодательное оформление в ЕС и Великобритании получили режимы санкций в связи с применением химического оружия, нарушениями прав человека и киберпреступлениями. ЕС исключает правовую возможность использования санкций в качестве инструмента экономической конкуренции, в то время как санкционное законодательство США базируется на критерии противодействия “угрозам национальной безопасности” в широком смысле этого слова, не апеллирующий к нормам международного права. Одновременно ЕС отличается относительно более высоким уровнем судебного контроля за составлением санкционных списков. Великобритания демонстрирует преемственность санкционного курса ЕС, однако сигналы последнего года к применению принципа экстерриториальности в санкционной практике Великобритании позволяют говорить о все большей ориентированности санкционной политики на американский подход и свидетельствуют о постепенном распространении практики вторичных санкций.
Изучая природу войны: взгляд из России и Европы
Authors: Конышев Валерий
Published: November 2022

В коллективной монографии “Военные науки versus наука о войне…” под редакцией В.К. Белозерова и А. Дубови (М.: МГЛУ, 2021) представлена дискуссия экспертов из России, Австрии и Германии, имеющих богатый исследовательский, образовательный и практический военный опыт, по проблемам методологии изучения феномена войны. Она являет пример междисциплинарного диалога представителей двух школ современной военной и политической мысли – австро-германской и отечественной. Монография сфокусирована на поиске методологических принципов, которые давали бы целостное, системное восприятие войны на основе понимания глубокой связи ее военных, политических, экономических, социальных аспектов. Эволюция наук, изучающих войну с различных сторон, объективно подошла к новому этапу, связанному с интеграцией знаний о войне на междисциплинарной основе. Интегрированная наука о войне должна также помочь создать модель государственного управления, которая бы гармонично сочетала гражданскую и военную сферы. В области военного образования это предполагает расширение научного кругозора офицерского корпуса за счет академических знаний. И российская, и австро-германская стратегические традиции имеют близкие научные и философские корни, восходящие к учению К. Клаузевица. В то же время оригинальность российской политической мысли проявилась в том, что она предвосхитила многие особенности современных войн. Авторы из России и Австрии подчеркивают, что критики Клаузевица недооценивают различия между сущностью и явлением войны, из-за чего делают ложный вывод об устаревании его теории. В монографии предлагаются различные варианты системного изучения войны, учитывающие ее социальную природу, будь то в рамках военной политологии, полемологии или иных дисциплин.