bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast‐acting insulin aspart versus insulin aspart in the setting of insulin degludec‐treated type 1 diabetes: Efficacy and safety from a randomized double‐blind trial
Authors: Buse John B. , Carlson Anders L. , Komatsu Mitsuhisa , Mosenzon Ofri , Rose Ludger , Liang Bo , Buchholtz Kristine , Horio Hiroshi , Kadowaki Takashi
Published: September 2018

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mealtime or post‐meal fast‐acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) vs mealtime insulin aspart (IAsp), both in combination with insulin degludec, in participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

This multicentre, treat‐to‐target trial (Clinical trial registry: NCT02500706, ClinicalTrials.gov) randomized participants to double‐blind mealtime faster aspart (n = 342) or IAsp (n = 342) or open‐label post‐meal faster aspart (n = 341). The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c 26 weeks post randomization. All available information, regardless of treatment discontinuation, was used for evaluation of the effect.

Results

Non‐inferiority for the change from baseline in HbA1c was confirmed for mealtime and post‐meal faster aspart vs IAsp (estimated treatment difference [ETD]: 95%CI, −0.02% [−0.11; 0.07] and 0.10% [0.004; 0.19], respectively). Mealtime faster aspart was superior to IAsp for 1‐hour PPG increment using a meal test (ETD, −0.90 mmol/L [−1.36; –0.45]; P < 0.001). Self‐monitored 1‐hour PPG increment favoured faster aspart at breakfast (ETD, −0.58 mmol/L [−0.99; −0.17]; P = 0.006) and across all meals (−0.48 mmol/L [−0.74; −0.21]; P < 0.001). Safety profiles and overall rate of severe or blood glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemia were similar between treatments, but significantly less hypoglycaemia was seen 3 to 4 hours after meals with mealtime faster aspart.

Conclusion

Mealtime and post‐meal faster aspart in conjunction with insulin degludec provided effective glycaemic control compared with IAsp, with no increased safety risk. Mealtime faster aspart provided PPG control superior to that of IAsp.
DAF‐19/RFX controls ciliogenesis and influences oxygen‐induced social behaviors in Pristionchus pacificus
Authors: Moreno Eduardo , Lenuzzi Maša , Rödelsperger Christian , Prabh Neel , Witte Hanh , Roeseler Waltraud , Riebesell Metta , Sommer Ralf J.
Published: September 2018

Cilia are complex organelles involved in sensory perception and motility with intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins being essential for cilia assembly and function, but little is known about cilia in an evo‐devo context. For example, recent comparisons revealed conservation and divergence of IFT components in the regulation of social feeding behaviors between the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus. Here, we focus on the P. pacificus RFX transcription factor daf‐19, the master regulator of ciliogenesis in C. elegans. Two CRISPR/Cas9‐induced Ppa‐daf‐19 mutants lack ciliary structures in amphid neurons and display chemosensory defects. In contrast to IFT mutants, Ppa‐daf‐19 mutants do not exhibit social behavior. However, they show weak locomotive responses to shifts in oxygen concentration, suggesting partial impairment in sensing or responding to oxygen. To identify targets of Ppa‐daf‐19 regulation we compared the transcriptomes of Ppa‐daf‐19 and wild‐type animals and performed a bioinformatic search for the X‐box RFX binding‐site across the genome. The regulatory network of Ppa‐DAF‐19 involves IFT genes but also many taxonomically restricted genes. We identified a conserved X‐box motif as the putative binding site, which was validated for the Ppa‐dyf‐1 gene. Thus, Ppa‐DAF‐19 controls ciliogenesis, influences oxygen‐induced behaviors and displays a high turnover of its regulatory network.
Perisuspensory abscessation in eight horses with hindlimb cellulitis
Authors: Vyetrogon T. , Dubois M.‐S.
Published: September 2018

This study reports a distinct presentation of cellulitis, which involved formation of perisuspensory abscessation in eight horses. Medical records of horses presented for cellulitis unresponsive to medical treatment were reviewed. Cases in which perisuspensory abscesses were diagnosed were included. All abscesses formed between the cannon bone and suspensory ligament and extended around one or both suspensory branches. Abscesses were diagnosed via ultrasonography upon admission in three horses and developed within a few days following admission in five horses. All horses were treated with broad‐spectrum antibiotics, anti‐inflammatories, topical therapies and regional limb perfusions; however, only partial improvement of clinical signs was observed with medical therapy alone. Full resolution of clinical signs was obtained in all cases once the abscess was surgically lanced and drained. The surgical drainage was performed standing in seven cases and under general anaesthesia in one. In all cases, Staphylococcus aureus was cultured. Six out of eight isolates showed at least some level of antibiotic resistance, and penicillin and trimethoprim sulfonamides were most commonly involved. Short‐term complications included skin necrosis in two cases and mild impaction colic in two cases and were successfully treated. All horses were discharged from the hospital within 4–13 days and were sound upon discharge. All Thoroughbreds (n = 7) were able to return to their intended use, and the Standardbred was unraced prior to the cellulitis event and remained unraced afterwards.
Histone modifications associated with biological drug response in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis
Authors: Ovejero‐Benito María C. , Reolid Alejandra , Sánchez‐Jiménez Patricia , Saiz‐Rodríguez Miriam , Muñoz‐Aceituno Ester , Llamas‐Velasco Mar , Martín‐Vilchez Samuel , Cabaleiro Teresa , Román Manuel , Ochoa Dolores , Daudén Esteban , Abad‐Santos Francisco
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Epigenetic factors play an important role in psoriasis onset and development. Biological drugs are used to treat moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients resistant to conventional systemic drugs. Although they are safe and effective, some patients do not respond to them. Therefore, it is necessary to find biomarkers that could predict response to these therapies.

Objective

To find epigenetic biomarkers that could predict response to biological drugs (ustekinumab, secukinumab, adalimumab, ixekizumab).

Materials and methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 39 psoriasis patients treated with biological therapies before and after drug administration and from 42 healthy subjects. Afterwards, histones were extracted from PBMCs. Four histone modifications (H3 and H4 acetylation, H3K4 and H3K27 methylation) were determined by ELISA. Data were analysed by IBM‐SPSS v.23.

Results and conclusions

Psoriasis patients presented reduced levels of acetylated H3 and H4 and increased levels of methylated H3K4 compared to controls. Non‐significant changes were observed after treatment administration in any of the histone modifications analysed. Nevertheless, significant changes in methylated H3K27 were found between responders and non‐responders to biological drugs at 3 months. As 28% of these patients also presented psoriatic arthritis (PsA), the former analysis was repeated in the subsets of patients with or without PsA. In patients without PsA, significant changes in methylated H3K4 were found between responders and non‐responders to biological drugs at 3 and 6 months. Although further studies should confirm these results, these findings suggest that H3K27 and H3K4 methylation may contribute to patients’ response to biological drugs in psoriasis.
The Impact of Kinship Networks on Foster Care Children's Outcomes
Authors: Leon Scott C. , Dickson Daniel A.
Published: September 2018

Objective

To identify different kin and fictive kin network support profiles available to children in foster care and examine whether these profiles predict behavioral outcomes.

Background

For kids in foster care, individual‐level strengths have been shown to buffer the impact of maltreatment on negative outcomes. However, little is known about the possible benefit of kin and fictive kin networks on outcomes (e.g., internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors).

Method

This longitudinal study measured the involvement of 221 foster care children's (6–14 years of age) kin and fictive kin networks (e.g., visits, childcare, homework help, transportation). Strengths (e.g., coping, talents), maltreatment, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing behaviors were measured using the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths dataset.

Results

Using latent profile analysis, two kinship involvement profiles emerged: A low‐involvement profile (75.5%) and a high‐involvement profile (23.5%). The high‐involvement profile was negatively associated with internalizing symptoms trajectories but not externalizing behavior trajectories. However, this effect was moderated by child‐level strengths: Children with more strengths and in the high‐involvement profile had the best internalizing symptoms outcomes. Finally, membership in the high‐involvement profile buffered the negative impact of maltreatment on internalizing symptoms trajectories.

Conclusion

The presence of both child strengths and kin and fictive kin involvement is associated with better outcomes.

Implications

These results support efforts to promote policies and practices designed to engage kin and fictive kin networks, which is not currently a priority in child welfare.
Effect of ENSO on the distribution and concentration of catches and reproductive activity of anchovy Engraulis ringens in northern Chile
Authors: Hernández‐Santoro Carola , Landaeta Mauricio F. , Castillo Pizarro Jorge
Published: September 2018

Anchovy makes up 90% of pelagic fishery catches in northern Chile. For the present work, anchovy (Engraulis ringens, Jenyns 1842) catches between 1997 and 2016 were analyzed to determine changes in distribution, concentration, and reproductive behavior before, during, and after ENSO events, using spatial indexes: gravity center (GC), inertia, coverage (CI), Gini index, and gonadosomatic index (GI). At the start of ENSO, anchovy catches increased and concentrated along the coast (rising Gini index), while CI decreased. During ENSO, Gini decreased, registering a southward displacement of the GC and smaller catches. In the long run, anchovy occupied lesser area (<CI) starting from 2008, concentrating in coastal areas. It developed a size structure composed mainly of specimens smaller than 17.0 cm. In addition, specimens < 12.0 cm were positively correlated with thermal anomalies, CI and MEI, reaching more than 60% of the catches during the 1997–1998 and 2015–2016 ENSO cycles. Results suggest that the warm phase of ENSO alters the anchovies’ reproductive activity, delaying its onset up to 4 weeks, and reducing GI intensity to 50%, due to increased participation in the reproductive process of individuals 12.0–13.5 cm. Therefore, large‐scale environmental processes, such as ENSO, significantly affect size structure and contribute to reduction of occupied area and higher reproductive activity of small‐size anchovies.
How is biodiversity protection influencing the potential for bioenergy feedstock production on grasslands?
Authors: Hansson Julia , Berndes Göran , Englund Oskar , De Freitas Flávio L. M. , Sparovek Gerd
Published: September 2018

Sustainable feedstock supply is a critical issue for the bioenergy sector. One concern is that feedstock production will impact biodiversity. We analyze how this concern is addressed in assessments of biomass supply potentials and in selected governance systems in the EU and Brazil, including the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED), the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and the Brazilian Forest Act. The analysis focuses on grasslands and includes estimates of the amount of grassland area (and corresponding biomass production volume) that would be excluded from cultivation in specific biodiversity protection scenarios. The reviewed assessments used a variety of approaches to identify and exclude biodiverse grasslands as unavailable for bioenergy. Because exclusion was integrated with other nature protection considerations, quantification of excluded grassland areas was often not possible. The RED complements and strengthens the CAP in terms of biodiversity protection. Following the RED, an estimated 39%–48% (about 9–11 Mha) and 15%–54% (about 10–38 Mha) of natural and non‐natural grassland, respectively, may be considered highly biodiverse in EU‐28. The estimated biomass production potential on these areas corresponds to some 1–3 and 1.5–10 EJ/year for natural and non‐natural grassland, respectively (depending on area availability and management intensity). However, the RED lacks clear definitions and guidance, creating uncertainty about its influence on grassland availability for bioenergy feedstock production. For Brazil, an estimated 16%–77% (about 16–76 Mha) and 1%–32% (about 7–24 Mha) of natural and non‐natural grassland, respectively, may be considered highly biodiverse. In Brazil, ecological–economic zoning was found potentially important for grassland protection. Further clarification of grassland definitions and delineation in regulations will facilitate a better understanding of the prospects for bioenergy feedstock production on grasslands, and the impacts of bioenergy deployment on biodiversity.
Universities’ attractiveness to students: The Darwinism effect
Authors: Cattaneo Mattia , Horta Hugo , Malighetti Paolo , Meoli Michele , Paleari Stefano
Published: September 2018

Due to significant government cuts to Higher Education funding in Southern European systems, their already underfunded universities were forced to increasingly compete for students as sources of additional revenue. Concurrently, families and students that continued to afford participation in Higher Education became more selective when choosing a university, realising the riskier investment that Higher Education participation had become. Through a competing destinations model and relying on all Italian private and public universities, this study finds that the competition forces characterising universities’ attractiveness over the last decade have changed since the financial crisis of 2008. In a context of lower demand for Higher Education, the competition for students grew and universities in close proximity were better prepared to face the new challenges, leading to the growth of Higher Education clusters.
Beyond intelligibility: ‘Transintelligibility’ phenomena in English as a Lingua Franca interactions
Authors: O'Neal George , Matsumoto Yumi
Published: September 2018

Through conversation analysis, this study analyzes the negotiation of pronunciation in English as a lingua franca (ELF) contexts among students at a Japanese university. Previous research has demonstrated that interactants in ELF contexts can repair segmental pronunciation so that they can maintain mutually intelligible pronunciation in situ (e.g., Matsumoto 2011; O'Neal 2015). The present study nevertheless claims that the phonetic negotiation of pronunciation in ELF interactions can at times go beyond the goal of restoring or maintaining mutually intelligible pronunciation. That is, phonetic negotiations can continue in ELF interactions even after the restoration or maintenance of mutual intelligibility is achieved. Although most ELF phonology studies (e.g., Deterding, 2013; Jenkins, 2000) have hitherto focused on the issue of intelligibility, interactants in ELF contexts might also orient to states beyond the maintenance of mutual intelligibility as an interactional goal. Namely, ‘transintelligibility’, or the negotiation of individually favored ways of pronouncing, can be an alternative aim of phonetic negotiations in ELF interactions. Based on the analysis, this study provides pedagogical implications regarding how to negotiate pronunciations for English language users in intercultural communication.
WhatsApp platforms in tropical public health resource‐poor settings
Authors: Hogan Sarah C. , van Hees Colette , Asiedu Kingsley B. , Fuller L. Claire
Published: September 2018

In order to deliver equal healthcare access to resource‐poor settings, sustainable, cost‐effective systems of communication should be used. As mobile phone use increases, remote care can be delivered via teledermatology using Apps. This commentary covers how WhatsApp could be used by dermatologists seeking to deliver healthcare in this context.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated 9‐mediated mutagenesis of the multiple edematous wings gene induces muscle weakness and flightlessness in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Zheng W. , Li Q. , Sun H. , Ali M. Waqar , Zhang H.
Published: September 2018

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated 9 (Cas9) system is a versatile, efficient and heritable gene editing tool that can be useful for genome engineering. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a major pest of agriculture that causes great economic losses. We used the B. dorsalis multiple edematous wings (Bdmew) gene as the target gene to explore the effectiveness of CRISPR/Cas9 for B. dorsalis genome manipulation. We studied the physiological functions of the Bdmew gene, particularly those related to muscle development. Site‐specific genome editing was feasible using direct microinjection of specific guide RNA and the Cas9‐plasmid into B. dorsalis embryos. Mutation frequencies ranged from 12.1 to 30.2% in the injected generation. Mosaic G0, with the mew mutation, was heritable to the next generation. The G1 displayed a series of defective phenotypes including muscle weakness, flightlessness, failure to eclose, wing folds and unbalanced movement. These results demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 can act as a highly specific, efficient, heritable tool for genome manipulation in B. dorsalis and this has significance for gene function research and genetic control of pests. The Bdmew gene possesses key functions in muscle development of B. dorsalis. Bdmew mutations cause a series of serious defects by interfering with muscle development and may provide a means for controlling B. dorsalis via a gene‐based method such as gene drive.
Updates on T helper type 17 immunity in respiratory disease
Authors: Iwanaga Naoki , Kolls Jay K.
Published: September 2018

Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17)‐producing cells play a critical role in mucosal immunity including the respiratory tract. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of these cells in mucosal immunity in the lung as well as their potential pathogenic roles in respiratory diseases. The IL‐17‐producing cells include γδ T cells, natural killer cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. There have been recent advances in our understanding of these cell populations in the lung as well as emerging data on how these cells are regulated in the lung. Moreover, Th17 cells may be a key component of tissue‐resident memory cells that may be acquired over time or elicited by mucosal immunization that provides the host with enhanced immunity against certain pathogens.
Chronic wounds in Australia: A systematic review of key epidemiological and clinical parameters
Authors: McCosker Laura , Tulleners Ruth , Cheng Qinglu , Rohmer Stefan , Pacella Tamzin , Graves Nick , Pacella Rosana
Published: September 2018

Chronic wounds are a significant problem in Australia. The health care‐related costs of chronic wounds in Australia are considerable, equivalent to more than AUD $3.5 billion, approximately 2% of national health care expenditure. Chronic wounds can also have a significant negative impact on the health‐related quality of life of affected individuals. Studies have demonstrated that evidence‐based care for chronic wounds improves clinical outcomes. Decision analytical modelling is important in confirming and applying these findings in the Australian context. Epidemiological and clinical data on chronic wounds are required to populate decision analytical models. Although epidemiological and clinical data on chronic wounds in Australia are available, these data have yet to be systematically summarised. To address these omissions and clarify the state of existing evidence, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on key epidemiological and clinical parameters of chronic wounds in Australia. A total of 90 studies were selected for inclusion. This paper presents a synthesis of the evidence on the prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds in Australia, as well as rates of infection, hospitalisation, amputation, healing, and recurrence.
NMR study on reaction processes from aluminum chloride hydroxides to alpha alumina powders
Authors: Nýblová Daniela , Senna Mamoru , Düvel Andre , Heitjans Paul , Billik Peter , Filo Juraj , Šepelák Vladimír
Published: September 2018

Starting from gelatinous aluminum chloride hydroxide, the transformation process toward α‐Al2O3 was examined using 27Al NMR, both in the liquid and solid states, as a main analytical tool. By increasing the hydrolysis ratio (h, defined as [OH−]/[Al3+]) of the starting aqueous precursor up to h = 2.5, the transition temperature to the final product, α‐Al2O3, decreased to as low as 500°C. In this case, the structural change from amorphous alumina to α‐Al2O3 took place without intermediate transition Al2O3 phases. Examining the process of networking during the transition from aqueous sol–through the state of xerogel–to final anhydrous oxide by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed the presence of highly polymeric species mainly ascribed to δ‐[Al2O8Al28(OH)56(H2O)24]18+ (δ‐Al30). δ‐Al30 species were found in the solution phase and became predominant after drying. We conclude that the lower temperature synthesis of α‐Al2O3 became possible due to preformation of polymerized AlO6 construction units in the precursor, reducing the energy barrier for the nucleation of the final α‐Al2O3 phase.
The comprehensive in vitro evaluation of eight different calcium phosphates: Significant parameters for cell behavior
Authors: Šupová Monika , Suchý Tomáš , Sucharda Zbyněk , Filová Elena , der Kinderen Job N. L. M. , Steinerová Marie , Bačáková Lucie , Martynková Gražyna Simha
Published: September 2018

Eight different calcium phosphate nanoparticles, namely bovine bone bioapatite calcined at 500, 600, and 700°C, Mg‐doped brushite, fluorinated calcium phosphate, Ca‐deficient hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate, were characterized employing physico‐chemical methods. Their cytocompatibility was evaluated under human osteoblast‐like cell line MG‐63 culture conditions in elution media and via the direct interaction of cells with calcium phosphate nanoparticles. The main objective was to determine the correlation of the cell indices with the differently determined physical and chemical parameters of the calcium phosphates. Chemical composition, which contributes toward pH changes, and the calcium ion concentration in the medium appear to make up particularly significant factors; moreover, it was proved that the number of material types represents a further important aspect. In the case of a large number of material types, almost no correlation was determined between the analyzed parameters; however, in the case of a small number of apatite types, several positive correlations were found. It can be concluded that it is not possible to identify any monitored parameters that had a major impact on cell behavior or, at least, such an effect which can be generalized. It appears more likely that cell behavior is affected by the interplay of various parameters.
Risk factors for catheter‐associated urinary tract infection among hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Li Fei , Song Meixuan , Xu Linxia , Deng Bo , Zhu Shiqin , Li Xianrong
Published: September 2018

Aims

The study aimed to identify the risk factors for catheter‐associated urinary tract infection among hospitalized patients. We also tried to explore its potential effect on patient outcomes if possible.

Background

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection accounts for a large proportion of healthcare‐associated infections and remains a considerable threat to patient safety worldwide.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies.

Data sources

We conducted an electronic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies published between January 2008–January 2018.

Review methods

Two reviewers searched the articles and extracted the data independently. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. RevMan 5.3 was used to perform the meta‐analysis.

Results

Ten studies involving a total of 8785 participants with or without catheter‐associated urinary tract infection were included. The average incidence of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection was 13.79 per 1000 catheter days, with a prevalence rate of 9.33%. The meta‐analysis demonstrated that patients at high risk for catheter‐associated urinary tract infection were female, had a prolonged duration of catheterization, had diabetes, had previous catheterization, and had longer hospital and ICU stays. Additionally, catheter‐associated urinary tract infection was also accompanied by an increase in mortality.

Conclusions

Healthcare staff should focus on the identified risk factors for catheter‐associated urinary tract infection. Further research is needed to investigate the microbial isolates and focus on the intervention strategies of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection, so as to reduce its incidence and related mortality.
Integrating hypertension services at an HIV clinic in Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti: A report from the field
Authors: Walsh Kathleen F. , Lee Myung Hee , Martelly Shoria , Pierre Marie Melissa , Joseph Junon , Gustin Myrlene , Peck Robert N. , Fitzgerald Daniel W. , Pape Jean William , McNairy Margaret
Published: September 2018

HIV‐positive adults with hypertension have increased risk of mortality but HIV clinics often do not provide hypertension care. The authors integrated hypertension management into existing HIV services at a large clinic in Haiti. Of 1729 documented HIV‐positive adults presenting for care at the GHESKIO HIV clinic between March and July 2016, 551 screened positive for hypertension, with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. A convenience sample of 100 patients from this group received integrated hypertension and HIV care for 6 months. At time of identification, patients were screened for proteinuria and initiated on antihypertensive medication. Hypertension and HIV visits coincided; medications were free. Outcomes were retention in care and change in blood pressure over 6 months. Average blood pressure over 6 months was described using linear mixed‐effects model. Of 100 HIV‐positive adults with hypertension referred for integrated care, three were ineligible due to comorbidities. Among 97 participants, 82% (N = 80) remained in care at 6 months from time of positive hypertension identification. 96% (N = 93) were on antiretroviral therapy with median CD4+ count of 442 cells/µL (IQR 257‐640). Estimated average blood pressure over 6 months decreased from systolic 160 mmHg (CI 156, 165) to 146 mmHg (CI 141, 150), P‐value <0.0001, and diastolic 105 mmHg (CI 102, 108) to 93 mmHg (CI 89, 96), P‐value <0.0001. HIV and hypertension management were successfully integrated at a HIV clinic in Haiti. Integrated management is essential to combat the growing burden of cardiovascular disease among HIV‐positive adults.
Effect of nursery ground variability on condition of age 0+ year Merluccius hubbsi
Authors: Temperoni Brenda , Massa Agueda E. , Derisio Carla , Martos Patricia , Berghoff Carla , Viñas María D.
Published: September 2018

This study examined the southern or Patagonian (41°–55° S) stock of Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi, the more abundant of the two stocks on the Argentinean continental shelf. Pre‐recruits (age 0+ year individuals) of this stock settle and grow in the San Jorge Gulf (45°–47° S, 65° 30′ W), a complex habitat with large spatial variability in environmental features. Relative condition factor, hepatosomatic index, lipid content and fatty‐acid composition of muscle and liver, and diet information were combined with physical and biological data to evaluate: how nutritional status of age 0+ year hake varies spatially within the nursery ground; whether changes in condition are related to environmental factors and feeding; whether the indices are interchangeable metrics of condition. Both morphometric and biochemical indices showed dissimilar spatial trends; enhanced liver‐based condition coincided with low salinity nutrient rich waters, higher chlorophyll‐a values and abundances of Euphausia spp., the preferred prey at most stations, suggesting a bottom‐up effect on age 0+ year hake condition. Diminished condition at stations where Thermisto gaudichaudii was the main prey could derive from lower prey quality in terms of energy density and essential fatty acids content. Coastal waters of the gulf would be essential habitats for M. hubbsi pre‐recruits. Future monitoring of condition with liver‐based indices is encouraged in the gulf, where interannual increasing trends of satellite‐derived chlorophyll‐a values have been observed, which could have implications for recruitment of the species.
Social Semantic Web Framework for Industrial Synergies Initiation
Authors: Ghali Mohamed Raouf , Frayret Jean‐Marc
Published: September 2018

Industrial synergies join two or more organizations that initially functioned as independent economic actors—that may originate from different sectors—together in order to share resources and exchange by‐products for mutual environmental, financial, and social benefits for its participants. Industrial symbioses (ISs) are networks of industrial synergies that can be initiated and created over time in various manners. In practice, the initiation of an industrial synergy, and particularly the identification of by‐product compatibilities, relies on direct or facilitated knowledge and information sharing, which is essential for discovering industrial synergy opportunities. Beyond its potential contribution to facilitate knowledge and information sharing among organizations, the Social Semantic Web (SSW) also has the potential to facilitate the initiation of industrial synergy by systematically and automatically identifying and recommending by‐products exchange compatibilities to potential partners. This framework exploits the ability of the sematic web to enable the search for analogies between potential partners within a region or district and existing industrial synergies around the world. This paper proposes the Social Semantic Web for Industrial Synergies Initiation (SSWISI) framework for the initiation of industrial synergies, which is based on the Social Semantic Web. The framework proposed in this paper adopts the concept of Linked Open Data (LOD), which enables the sharing and exchanging of information with external systems. This feature distinguishes the proposed framework from the existing approaches in its initiation of industrial synergies.
Chinese primiparous women's experience of the traditional postnatal practice of “Doing the month”: A descriptive method study
Authors: Zheng Xujuan , Watts Kim , Morrell Jane
Published: September 2018

Aim

“Doing the month” has been a traditionally postnatal practice that women follow for one full month after giving birth. The aim of this study was to explore Chinese primiparous women's experience of “Doing the month” and why Chinese women felt satisfied or dissatisfied with the experience.

Methods

This was a descriptive survey using open and closed questions. In total, 420 Chinese primiparous women were recruited in obstetric wards at three hospitals in Xiamen City, China. Baseline questionnaires were distributed to the participants face‐to‐face by the researcher on the postnatal ward at 3 days’ postnatally. Follow‐up questionnaires of “Doing the month” were sent via email by the researcher to the participants at 6 weeks’ postnatally and were returned by the participants via email. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS and the qualitative data were analyzed by using a thematic text analysis.

Results

Most of the women thought that “Doing the month” after childbirth was necessary. Some women felt satisfied with “Doing the month” because their family helped them to have a good rest, they felt a sense of achievement when taking care of their baby, and that having an appreciative attitude helped them to get along with the older generations. In contrast, some women felt dissatisfied with “Doing the month” because of being tired of following taboos, having conflicts with their mother‐in‐law, the lack of family help and care, and undue expectations of “Doing the month.”

Conclusions

In order to improve postnatal care for Chinese primiparous women, health professionals could be more aware of how health care needs to be customized to fit the special tradition of “Doing the month.”
High‐affinity heterotetramer formation between the large myelin‐associated glycoprotein and the dynein light chainDYNLL1
Authors: Myllykoski Matti , Eichel Maria A. , Jung Ramona B. , Kelm Sørge , Werner Hauke B. , Kursula Petri
Published: September 2018

The close association of myelinated axons and their myelin sheaths involves numerous intercellular molecular interactions. For example, myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) mediates myelin‐to‐axon adhesion and signallingviamolecules on the axonal surface. However, knowledge about intracellular binding partners of myelin proteins, includingMAG, has remained limited. The two splice isoforms ofMAG, S‐ and L‐MAG, display distinct cytoplasmic domains and spatiotemporal expression profiles. We used yeast two‐hybrid screening to identify interaction partners of L‐MAGand found the dynein light chainDYNLL1 (also termed dynein light chain 8).DYNLL1 homodimers are known to facilitate dimerization of target proteins. L‐MAGandDYNLL1 associate with high affinity, as confirmed with recombinant proteinsin vitro. Structural analyses of the purified complex indicate that theDYNLL1‐binding segment is localized close to the L‐MAGC terminus, next to the Fyn kinase Tyr phosphorylation site. The crystal structure of the complex betweenDYNLL1 and its binding segment on L‐MAGshows 2 : 2 binding in a parallel arrangement, indicating a heterotetrameric complex. The homology between L‐MAGand previously characterizedDYNLL1‐ligands is limited, and some details of binding site interactions are unique for L‐MAG. The structure of the complex between the entire L‐MAGcytoplasmic domain andDYNLL1, as well as that of the extracellular domain ofMAG, were modelled based on small‐angle X‐ray scattering data, allowing structural insights into L‐MAGinteractions on both membrane surfaces. Our data imply thatDYNLL1 dimerizes L‐MAG, but not S‐MAG, through the formation of a specific 2 : 2 heterotetramer. This arrangement is likely to affect, in an isoform‐specific manner, the functions ofMAGin adhesion and myelin‐to‐axon signalling.

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Prevalence and predictors of sexual function in midlife partnered Chinese women assessed by two simple indicators: Sexual frequency and sexual desire
Authors: Zhou Yang , Li Changbin , Jin Feng , Shao Hongfang , Teng Yincheng , Tao Minfang
Published: September 2018

Aim

To investigate the prevalence and predictors of sexual frequency, sexual desire in midlife partnered Chinese women.

Methods

Sexual frequency, sexual desire over the past 3 months, menopausal symptoms and other socioeconomic information were assessed for women aged 40–65 years in the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital.

Results

Among 3485 eligible partnered participants, the prevalence of low sexual frequency (less than once per week) and low sexual desire (less than 5 scores) were 72.74% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 71.16%–74.23%) and 71.79% (95% CI = 70.30–73.17%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.17–1.23), more educated (>15 years) (compared with<10 years, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48–0.82), perimenopause, postmenopause (compared with premenopause, OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.02–2.15, OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.80–4.23), sleep disorder (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02–1.50), unemployment (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.45–2.92) were independently associated with low sexual frequency, while multiple linear regression revealed that age β = –0.126, 95% CI = –0.139––0.114), unemployment (β = –0.792, 95% CI = –0.954 to –0.629),chronic diseases (compared with no disease, single disease (β = –0.200, 95% CI = –0.020 to –0.077, multiple diseases (β = –0.792, 95% CI = –0.859 to –0.372), body mass index (β = –0.615, 95% CI = –0.859 to –0.372), postmenopause (β = –0.915, 95% CI = –1.143 to –0.759) were independent indicators for low sexual desire after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusion

Low sexual frequency and low sexual desire were quite prevalent in midlife Chinese partnered women. Some factors, such as sleep disorder, obesity are modifiable or can be prevented or treated with safe and effective therapies.
How do patients and carers make sense of renal dietary advice? A qualitative exploration
Authors: Lambert Kelly , Mansfield Kylie , Mullan Judy
Published: September 2018

Background

Dietary modification is an integral part of chronic kidney disease (CKD) management. However, adherence to the renal diet is often suboptimal.

Methods

The aims of this study were to (i) describe the experiences of patients with CKD and their carers in their process of interpreting and implementing renal dietary advice; (ii) to explore strategies they used to make sense of and apply renal diet information and (iii) to develop recommendations for improved clinical practice. To achieve these aims, individual semi‐structured interviews with 26 patients and 10 carers were conducted, using interview questions guided by Sensemaking theory.

Findings

Six themes emerged from the data which did not differ according to CKD stage, geographic location or renal replacement therapy (RRT) type. The renal diet was perceived by patients and carers to be overwhelming, frustrating and emotionally demanding; as well as being complex and challenging. To help make sense of and apply renal dietary advice, participants highly valued the input of the dietitian; and patients believed that their carer support was important. Individual problem‐solving strategies were developed by participants to help them make sense of the renal diet, and many of them expressed a desire for additional resources and/or support.

Conclusions

This study highlights that learning to make sense of renal diet information is an emotionally challenging journey for patients and carers. In addition to utilising the expertise of dietitians, carer support was perceived to be integral to learning and using renal dietary advice. The study describes a number of important problem‐solving strategies utilised by patients and carers, as well as recommendations to help improve sensemaking and adherence to the renal diet.
Surgical findings and clinical outcome after bilateral repair of apparently unilateral perineal hernias in dogs
Authors: Bernardé A. , Rochereau P. , Matres‐Lorenzo L. , Brissot H.
Published: September 2018

Objectives

To report the short‐ and long‐term outcomes and recurrence rate in dogs treated for apparently unilateral perineal hernia with bilateral herniorrhaphy, castration, colopexy, vas deferens pexy with or without cystopexy in single‐stage procedures.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐one client‐owned dogs with apparently unilateral perineal hernia were included. Perineal hernias were repaired bilaterally, incorporating internal obturator muscle transposition and the sacro‐tuberal ligament, combined with colopexy, vas deferens pexy with or without cystopexy. Preoperative pattern of defaecation, pattern of micturition and rectal alignment were recorded. Surgical time, bilateral surgical perineal findings, postoperative complications, short‐, middle‐ and long‐term (>24 months) scores and recurrence rate were documented.

Results

A hernia with ectopic tissue and weakness of the pelvic diaphragm was identified bilaterally in all dogs despite the unilateral clinical presentation. The procedure combination was achieved uneventfully in all dogs in 56 to 113 minutes (mean 73 minutes). Complication rate was low, consisting mostly of urinary disorders, most of which resolved within a few days. In all, 93% of dogs were free of clinical signs related to perineal hernia at long‐term follow‐up (mean 27 months). Recurrence rate was 0%.

Clinical Significance

Our surgical findings suggest that perineal hernia in dogs might be considered a bilateral disease, even when the presentation is of apparently unilateral signs. Recurrence is rare following bilateral herniorrhaphy combined with colopexy and deferens pexy with or without cystopexy.
An appetite for ambivalence: Pope studies in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Jones Emrys D.
Published: September 2018

This article provides an overview of scholarship on Alexander Pope since the turn of the millennium, concentrating on the theme of his ambivalence as it manifests in a range of contexts. The author examines Pope's approaches to philosophy, poetics, and politics, and his overarching concern with the concepts of private and public life. The article argues that focusing on Pope's capacity for ambivalence and equivocation as a poet has proven far from a critical dead end and that there is still the promise of much intellectual excitement in this area of study.
What can discrete choice experiments do for you?
Authors: Cleland Jennifer , Porteous Terry , Skåtun Diane
Published: September 2018

Context

In everyday life, the choices we make are influenced by our preferences for the alternatives available to us. The same is true when choosing medical education, training and jobs. More often than not, those alternatives comprise multiple attributes and our ultimate choice will be guided by the value we place on each attribute relative to the others. In education, for example, choice of university is likely to be influenced by preferences for institutional reputation, location, cost and course content; but which of these attributes is the most influential? An understanding of what is valued by applicants, students, trainees and colleagues is of increasing importance in the higher education and medical job marketplaces because it will help us to develop options that meet their needs and preferences.

Methods

In this article, we describe the discrete choice experiment (DCE), a survey method borrowed from economics that allows us to quantify the values respondents place on the attributes of goods and services, and to explore whether and to what extent they are willing to trade less of one attribute for more of another.

Conclusions

To date, DCEs have been used to look at medical workforce issues but relatively little in the field of medical education. However, many outstanding questions within medical education could be usefully addressed using DCEs. A better understanding of which attributes have most influence on, for example, staff or student satisfaction, choice of university and choice of career, and the extent to which stakeholders are prepared to trade one attribute against another is required. Such knowledge will allow us to tailor the way medical education is provided to better meet the needs of key stakeholders within the available resources.
Ail provides multiple mechanisms of serum resistance to Yersinia pestis
Authors: Thomson Joshua J. , Plecha Sarah C. , Krukonis Eric S.
Published: September 2018

Ail, a multifunctional outer membrane protein of Yersinia pestis, confers cell binding, Yop delivery and serum resistance activities. Resistance to complement proteins in serum is critical for the survival of Y. pestis during the septicemic stage of plague infections. Bacteria employ a variety of tactics to evade the complement system, including recruitment of complement regulatory factors, such as factor H, C4b‐binding protein (C4BP) and vitronectin (Vn). Y. pestis Ail interacts with the regulatory factors Vn and C4BP, and Ail homologs from Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis recruit factor H. Using co‐sedimentation assays, we demonstrate that two surface‐exposed amino acids, F80 and F130, are required for the interaction of Y. pestis Ail with Vn, factor H and C4BP. However, although Ail‐F80A/F130A fails to interact with these complement regulatory proteins, it still confers 10,000‐fold more serum resistance than a Δail strain and prevents C9 polymerization, potentially by directly interfering with MAC assembly. Using site‐directed mutagenesis, we further defined this additional mechanism of complement evasion conferred by Ail. Finally, we find that at Y. pestis concentrations reflective of early‐stage septicemic plague, Ail weakly recruits Vn and fails to recruit factor H, suggesting that this alternative mechanism of serum resistance may be essential during plague infection.
Influencing Student Teacher Grammar Cognitions: The Case of the Incongruous Curriculum
Authors: GRAUS JOHAN , COPPEN PETER–ARNO
Published: September 2018

This study explored the role teacher education plays in influencing student teachers’ pedagogical grammar cognitions—defined as what student teachers know, think, and believe regarding grammar instruction—on the premise that investigating the impact of teacher education (or lack thereof) is more fruitful when considering it the result of complex interactions between various teacher education influences (and prior cognitions) rather than the outcome of individual courses. An instrumental case study was conducted to examine how a TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language) bachelor degree program in the Netherlands attempted to impact student teacher cognitions on grammar instruction. For this purpose, various groups of stakeholders (16 student teachers, 10 teacher educators, and 6 school placement mentors) were interviewed, 30 hours of teaching were observed, and multiple data sources were triangulated. The outcomes demonstrate how several manifestations of incongruence, in secondary education as well as in teaching practice, fostered instead of challenged student teachers’ traditional pedagogical grammar cognitions, which were further consolidated and reinforced—albeit unintentionally—in teacher education as a result of inconsistencies in the curriculum, incongruent teaching models, and confusion arising from the dichotomy between disciplinary knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge.
Oreocharis duyunensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China
Authors: Guo Z.‐Y. , Li Z.‐Y. , Xiang X.‐G.
Published: September 2018

Oreocharis duyunensis Z.Y. Li, X.G. Xiang et Z.Y. Guo (Gesneriaceae), endemic to Guizhou, China, is described as a new species. The new species is easily distinguished from other Oreocharis species by having a white, stellate ring‐like disc. Morphologically, the species is similar to Oreocharis chienii (Chun) Mich. Möller & A. Weber but differs by its densely white pilose leaves, mixed brown‐pilose, pubescent and glandular‐pubescent peduncle and pedicle, white stellate ring‐like disc, and linear‐lanceolate capsule. Based on phylogenetic reconstruction and interspecific genetic distances of nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL‐F regions, O. duyunensis is a new species with uncertain phylogenetic position.