bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlates of individualism and collectivism: Predicting volunteer activity
Authors: Finkelstein Marcia A.
Published: June 2011

Differences in the factors that initiate volunteering in individualists versus collectivists were examined. In prior work it has been suggested that the two differ, not in how much service volunteers give, but in the reasons why. Individualist and collectivist tendencies were measured
in a sample of long-term volunteers. Also assessed were respondents' attitudes about the responsibility of individuals and of society to help those in need, the individual's obligation to engage in social and political action, and the quality of social support available to participants. Collectivism
was associated most strongly with personal responsibility and with a strong social support network, while individualism was related to a perceived responsibility to participate in social and political activism. Neither individualism nor collectivism was predictive of time spent volunteering.
The findings suggest that rather than predicting who will, and will not, volunteer, the individualism/collectivism construct is useful in clarifying why people help. This knowledge, in turn, can be used to match the volunteer to the appropriate activity.
Construct shift of trainee teachers in English language after practicum experience
Authors: Ozkan Yonca
Published: June 2011

English language students were questioned and asked to comment via a weblog in order to observe any shift in constructs following practicum in schools. Participants observed each other presenting in a course, Teaching Language Skills, focusing on points of preference. Participants entered
their comments on presentations onto a weblog. Eight months later, upon beginning and partial completion of practicum at schools, participants were interviewed regarding priorities established as they observed mentors in classes. The 2 series of data were compared and a significant shift in
personal constructs was found, in that while the main focus was on variety of activities during prepracticum, by the time of the postpracticum, priority had shifted in favor of smooth flow of course delivery by the teacher.
Using the analytical hierachy process to construct performance indicators for comprehensive high schools in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Lung-Sheng , Chang Liang-Te , Lai Chih-Chien , Lin Kuen-Yi
Published: June 2011

In recent years numerous position papers (Visscher, 2001; Wang, Shieh, & Wang, 2008) have been written about the need for ensuring the efficient and effective performance of educational institutions and an increasing number of policy makers are advocating that educational institutions
be held accountable for their performance. Our purpose in this study was to construct performance indicators (PIs) for comprehensive high schools (CHSs), which provide general and occupational education programs. A literature review was completed, a panel discussion held, and field interviews
were conducted. An analytical hierarchy process was used to make decisions on a framework of PIs for CHSs in Taiwan. The 2 main conclusions were that the most important indicator of performance in CHSs is the domain of "student and development" and that the difference between the experts'
and practitioners' viewpoints on those schools' performances should be addressed in the near future.
Talent or effort? Parents' explanations of their children's mathematical performance in relation to mathematical competence
Authors: Räty Hannu , Kärkkäinen Riitta
Published: June 2011

We aimed to identify patterns of explanation that parents applied in order to explain their child's mathematical success and failure and their contribution to parental perceptions of the child's mathematical competence. It was found that the parents with a talent-based explanation or
a combination (both talent and effort) explanation for success had a significantly higher opinion of their child's mathematical competence across the child's compulsory school years than did those parents who had an effort-based explanation for success. Explanation patterns seem to represent
fairly constant interpretation modes which construe parental confidence in the child's competencies, at least in mathematics.
Implicit and explicit measures of adult attachment to mothers in a Chinese context
Authors: Ren Zhen , Wang Dengfeng , Yang Anbo , Li Meng , Higgins Louise T.
Published: June 2011

In this study we explored the relationship between implicit and explicit measures of adult attachment to mothers and the validity of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) as a tool for measuring adult attachment in a Chinese context. Conscious
and explicit adult attachment were assessed using 2 multiple self-report measures; namely, the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). The implicit processes of adult attachment
were assessed using 2 IATs, which were developed based on the 2-dimensional attachment model (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). Self-esteem, as measured by the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), and subjective well-being, as measured by the Face Scale (Andrews & Withey, 1976),
were designed as potential correlates of the implicit and explicit attachment measures. Fifty-six undergraduates participated in this study, and it was concluded that both the Self-IAT and the Other-IAT (1) could be used to measure adult attachment with satisfactory reliability and validity;
(2) were significantly related to the 2 dimensions of adult attachment, as measured by the RQ and the ECR; (3) correlated significantly positively with subjective well-being, but not with explicit self-esteem. We concluded that implicit and explicit attachment measures might represent different
aspects of the same underlying construct.
A new VLSI algorithm and architecture for the hardware implementation of type IV discrete cosine transform using a pseudo-band correlation structure
Authors: Chiper Doru
Published: June 2011

A new VLSI algorithm and its associated systolic array architecture for a prime length type IV discrete cosine transform is presented. They represent the basis of an efficient design approach for deriving a linear systolic array architecture for type IV DCT. The proposed algorithm uses a regular computational structure called pseudoband correlation structure that is appropriate for a VLSI implementation. The proposed algorithm is then mapped onto a linear systolic array with a small number of I/O channels and low I/O bandwidth. The proposed architecture can be unified with that obtained for type IV DST due to a similar kernel. A highly efficient VLSI chip can be thus obtained with good performance in the architectural topology, computing parallelism, processing speed, hardware complexity and I/O costs similar to those obtained for circular correlation and cyclic convolution computational structures.
Chemical and Biological Investigations of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
Authors: Ferdous Faisol , Hossain Md Khalid , Rahman Mohammad S , Hossain Md Aslam , Kabir Shaila , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: June 2011

Two compounds namely lupeol (1) and epilupeol (2) were isolated from n-hexane soluble fraction of crude methanol extract of the powdered whole plant of Samanea saman Merr. for the first time. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by extensive analyses of their high resolution NMR spectral data as well as co- TLC with authentic samples. In our preliminary screening, the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, and dichloromethane soluble fractions of the crude methanolic extract of S. saman were subjected to antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The carbon tetrachloride soluble partitionate of the methanol extract exhibited mild to moderate antimicrobial activity and strong cytotoxicity having LC50 of 0.831μg/ml. Key words: Samanea saman; Leguminosae; lupeol; epilupeol; antimicrobial activity; brine shrimp lethality bioassay. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7882 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 69-73, 2010 (December)
Effect of Cellulosic and Polymethacrylic Polymers on Drug Content, Particle Morphology, and Carbamazepine Release Profiles from Sustained Release Ethyl Cellulose Microspheres
Authors: Sadat Sams Mohammad Anowar , Islam Md Saiful , Jahan Sheikh Tasnim , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Jalil Reza-ul
Published: June 2011

Emulsion-solvent evaporation technique was used to prepare Carbamazepine (CBZ) loaded Ethyl Cellulose (EC) microspheres. Cellulosic polymers (HPMC 4.5 cps, 15 cps) and polymethacrylic polymers (Eudragit E100, Eudragit RL PO, Eudragit RS PO) were added with EC at 10% (w/w) of EC. The effect of these polymers on drug content, particle size, and CBZ release rate were evaluated. The CBZ encapsulation efficiency and the drug content varied from 85% to 95% and from 42% to 45% (w/w), respectively. The mean particle diameter varied from 460 to 730 μm. In vitro release study for 8 hours was conducted in 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate solution. All the polymers reduced the release of CBZ and a statistically significant variation in release rate was observed from polymer to polymer. Key words: Carbamazepine; Ethyl Cellulose; Sustained release microspheres; Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation Technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7883 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 75-82, 2010 (December)
Development and Validation of a Simple Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride and Gliclazide in Tablets by using Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Rahman Md Zakiur , Haque Tasnuva , Azad Mohammad Abul Kalam , Reza Md Selim
Published: June 2011

The objective of this study was to develop a simple, efficient, precise and accurate reverse-phase HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of metformin in combination with gliclazide in newly formulated tablets. Chromatographic determination was performed on a reversed phase C18 column (2.6 mm x 250 mm; 5 μm particle size) using a mixture of buffer (1 ml of orthophosphoric acid with 1 ml triethylamine upto 1000 ml with HPLC grade water) and methanol at the ratio of 60:40 as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1ml/min. The UV detection was set at 230 nm. Under the developed conditions, good separation of the analytes was achieved. The calibration curves were linear with coefficient correlation between 0.998 to 1.0 for both drugs over a concentration range of 1 to 50 μg/ml for metformin hydrochloride and 0.16 to 8 μg/ml for gliclazide. The method was also validated in terms of precision (RSD = 0.06 to 3.22%) and accuracy (percent deviation = 0.049 to 2.602%). The proposed method was applied for the analysis of these analytes in newly formulated tablets and potencies were found to be 99.41±0.24% for metformin hydrochloride and 99.77±0.37% for gliclazide which were acceptable. Key words: HPLC; metformin hydrochloride; gliclazide; combination dosage form; tablet. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7884 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 83-89, 2010 (December)
Serum Immunoglobulins level in Bangladeshi Dockyard Labourers
Authors: Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat Bin , Al Maruf Abdullah , Basher Amitouzea , Huda Naimul , Toufique Syeda Amina , Hasnat Abul
Published: June 2011

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the serum level of immunoglobulins in Bangladeshi dockyard labourers compared to healthy day labourers. One hundred dockyard labourers, age ranging from 19 to 42 years, were randomly recruited from different dockyards of Keranigonj, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The control group included 100 day labourers matched by age, sex and socio-economic status to that of dockyard labourers who were not exposed to environmental hazards of dockyard. Blood samples were analyzed for determining the serum levels of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA & IgM) by turbidimetry method using an immunoglobulin kit. The serum concentration of IgA & IgG were found to be decreased, whereas that of IgM increased in dockyard labourers as compared to control group, but the differences were not significant (p>0.05). No significant relationship was found between the socio-demographic variables and immunoglobulin levels at 5% level of significance. But study with larger number of population is required for further evaluation of the relationship between the immune status and health hazards to confirm these findings. Key words: Dockyard labourers; Occupational exposure; Immunoglobulin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7885 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 91-95, 2010 (December)
Effect of Hydrophobic Polymers on the Gastro Retention Time and In vitro Release of Ciprofloxacin HCl from Co-matrix Tablets
Authors: Islam Muhammad Shahidul , Sutradhar Kumar Bishwajit , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Reza Md Selim
Published: June 2011

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different polymers on the release profile and bio-adhesive strength of a water soluble drug, ciprofloxacin HCl from different percentages of Eudragit RS PO and Kollidon SR based co-matrix tablets. Matrix formulations were prepared by direct compression method. The bioadhesive property was investigated in terms of retention time following in vitro wash-off method. The concentrations of polymers were varied to investigate whether these variations can cause any change in release of ciprofloxacin HCl molecule and bio-adhesion property or not. In most of the cases it is found that Eudragit RS PO based co-matrix tablets release greater percentage of active drug and that bio-adhesive strength of Kollidon SR and xanthan gum based co-matrix tablets were significantly better. Finally it was revealed that xanthan gum provided optimum bioadhesion functioning as a synergist in co-matrices and comply the USP specification as a most suitable controlled release polymer. Key words: Gastro retention time; direct compression; ciprofloxacin HCl; Eudragit RS PO; Kollidon SR; xanthan gum. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7893 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 97-102, 2010 (December)
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Vitiligo Patients
Authors: Haider Naushin , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Al Maruf Abdullah , Shohag Md Hasanuzzaman , Ali Rubaiya , Rahman GKM Mustafizur , Hasnat Abul
Published: June 2011

Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder characterized by depigmented patches or macules caused by the destruction of melanocytes. The pathogenetic mechanisms involved in vitiligo have not been completely clarified. Oxidative stress and reduced circulating antioxidants could be important phenomena in the pathophysiology of vitiligo. We measured serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of oxidative stress and serum zinc and vitamin C to check antioxidant status in thirty Vitiligo patients. Thirty healthy control subjects were also recruited by matching the socio-demographic status to that of the patients. Blood samples were analyzed for determining the serum levels of Zn (by atomic absorption spectroscopy), Vitamin C and MDA (by UV-VIS spectroscopy). Serum level of MDA increased in vitiligo patients significantly (p < 0.05) in the present study, where as serum level of Zn increased and serum Vit-C decreased in patients compared to control but the changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Our study reveals the presence of an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant system in vitiligo patients which supports a free radical-mediated damage in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Key words: Vitiligo; Oxidative stress; Antioxidant status; MDA; Vitamin C; Zinc DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7894 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 103-108, 2010 (December)
Development of Salbutamol Sulphate Sustained Release Pellets Using Acrylic Polymer and Polyvinyl Acetate Polymer and Evaluation of In vitro Release Kinetics
Authors: Sultana Saki , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Islam Muhammad R , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: June 2011

The nuclei of sustained-release pellets of salbutamol sulphate were prepared using extrusionspheronization technique followed by coating with the aqueous dispersion of methacrylic acid esters (Eudragit RS® 30 D) and commercial aqueous polyvinyl acetate dispersion (30% dispersion) (Kollicoat SR® 30 D). The coating polymers were applied to obtain a theoretical polymer load of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% & 25 %( w/w) on the nuclei. Invitro dissolution studies of the coated pellets were performed in a USP paddle apparatus (type-2). Dissolution media was distilled water (500 ml), paddle speed was 50 rpm and it was preformed for 8 hours at 37°C (±0.5°C) temperature. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEMs) of the nuclei & coated pellets were taken to study their surface morphology. The kinetics of the dissolution process was determined by analyzing the dissolution data using zeroorder, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer equations. The kinetic modeling of the dissolution profiles revealed that drug release mechanism ranged from diffusion controlled or Fickian transport to anomalous type or non-Fickian transport. T50% (MDT) and T90% values were calculated for each formulation. The higher MDT values were obtained with Eudragit® RS 30D where as Kollicoat® SR 30D showed comparatively low MDT values. MDT values were also increased with increasing polymer load on the nuclei. Key words: Salbutamol sulphate; Pellet; Aqueous dispersion; Eudragit® RS 30 D; Kollicoat® SR 30D; Extrusion spheronization; MDT. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7895 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 109-118, 2010 (December)
Evaluation of Serum Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in Conversion Disorder Patients
Authors: Naznin Sultana Rajia , Khanam Mahabuba , Al Maruf Abdullah , Shohag Md Hasanuzzaman , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Shahid Shelina Fatema Binte , Hasnat Abul
Published: June 2011

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of serum Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in Bangladeshi conversion disorder patients compared to control subjects and to correlate the changes, if any, with different socio-demographic factors and nutritional status. Forty five conversion disorder patients were randomly recruited. Forty five healthy control subjects were also recruited by matching the socio-demographic status to that of the patients. Blood samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of serum Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Except for Mg, the concentrations of the other elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, and Mn) decreased in patients compared to control, but the changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Serum Mg level increased insignificantly in patients (p > 0.05). No significant relationship was found between the sociodemographic variables and serum Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and Mn levels, except for serum Fe, where a significant negative correlation was found between serum Fe level and BMI (r = –0.428; p = 0.023). Key words: Conversion disorder patients; serum elements; socio-economic status DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7896 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 119-124, 2010 (December)
Preparation and Evaluation of Chitosan Microcapsules of Metronidazole using Tripolyphosphate Cross-linking Method
Authors: Garud Akanksha , Garud Navneet
Published: June 2011

Metronidazole microcapsules with a coat consisting of alginate and the natural cationic polymer, chitosan were formulated by using tripolyphosphate cross-linking method and were investigated with a view to develop mucoadhesive microcapsules. The microcapsules were evaluated for their surface morphology, microencapsulation efficiency, in-vitro wash-off test, swelling behavior and in-vitro drug release. The microcapsules formed had rough surface morphology in scanning electron microscopy. The drug entrapment efficiency was found to be in the range 75.2±1.31% and 82.1±0.75%. Chitosan microcapsules displayed a limited amount of swelling which is supposed to be related to the degree of cross-linking with tripolyphosphate. The microcapsules showed better mucoadhesive property at intestinal pH 7.4 than at gastric pH 1.2 in the in-vitro wash-off test. The drug release was found to be slow and extended over long duration of time. Key words: Metronidazole microcapsules; chitosan; mucoadhesion; tripolyphosphate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7897 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 125-130, 2010 (December)
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activities of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Gupta Dipankar Das , Haque Md Enamul , Islam Md Nahidul , Mondal Md Shakhinur Islam , Shibib Baigid Alam
Published: June 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7899 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 139-142, 2010 (December)
Taxation et groupes de service sous la royauté arakanaise : un rapport d'enquête de 1803 dans un manuscrit de la Bibliothèque nationale de Paris
Authors: Leider Jacques P.
Published: June 2011

Since their first publication by Furnivall in 1916, Burmese revenue inquests (cac tarn : or sit-tan) have been duly recognized by historians as a precious source to study the royal administration and rural society. This contribution is presenting the translation of a yet unknown report from king Bodawphaya's 1802-1803 inquest, the report on Dhanawati, the largest and most densely populated of the four districts created by the Burmese occupants after the conquest of Arakan in 1785. In fact, Dhañawatī is the core area of the old Arakanese kingdom, where all the old capitals were situated.

The foremost interest of the document lies in the fact that it contains information on taxation and service groups as they existed under the reign of the Arakanese kings before 1785. This document, together with the report on Rammawatī, edited in 1979 by F.Trager & W. Koenig, form thus rare documents for the study of a lesser known kingdom of Southeast Asia.

The introduction provides further information on the Burmese manuscript in which the document was found and its origin.
Une interprétation bouddhique des rites funéraires du Lanna et du Laos : le sutta apocryphe de Mahā Kāla
Authors: Lagirarde François
Published: June 2011

The Pavarabandha (Pvb) is a Buddhist text written in Northern Thai and in Lao that can be found on palm leaf manuscripts kept in wat libraries. The Pvb is made of three sections dealing with death, funerals, reincarnation and meditation.

This article is a presentation and a translation of the first part of the Pvb. This part tells the story of Mahā Kalā Thera, an old bhikkhu who decided to meditate in a cemetery. There he directed the funerary rites performed before the cremation of a young woman. The monk commented on and explained these rites, which had apparently not been fully appreciated by the people. Since this section of the Pvb starts with the well know evam me suttam Pali formula we refer to it as Mahâ Kalà's apocryphal Sutta.

This "Sutta" appears under different names in the Thai-Lao Buddhist literature, independently of the Pvb. It is also known in Khmer and, very significantly, in Mon. Its origin is to be found partly in ancient canonical texts and partly in death rituals that developed in Peninsular Southeast Asia from Buddhist and non-Buddhist beliefs.
Le jardin cosmique : considérations anthropologiques sur le paysage en Asie
Authors: Macdonald Charles
Published: June 2011

This paper reviews a number of cultural traits, philosophical and religious ideas, as well as ethnographic and historical data, in order to define an Asian representation of landscape, one that could aptly describe the kind of man- made landscape that mountain peoples of Northern Luzon have carved out of the slopes of the Grand Cordillera.

Starting from a brief survey of the Western notions of landscape, the author proceeds to show how such a concept is rooted, in East and Southeast Asia, in the pre-Taoist view of nature, in the ideology of the miniature garden in China and Japan, and even in the relation between power and asceticism in pre-modern Indonesia.

The notion of a life-giving energy in the form of water flowing downstream and then recycled in the opposite upward direction is instanced in the religious use of sacred water in Bali, in the ceremonies of the Hani of Yunnan, as well as in various mythological representations of the Cordillera people of Northern Luzon.

These and other elements are conducive to the view that the terraced landscape is as a cosmic garden. Its intimate and meaningful structure is based on the concept of a life principle flowing downwards, which must be periodically recycled through rituals and ceremonies performed at the very center of the living space.
Redéfinir l'originalité de Banteay Srei : relation entre iconographie et architecture
Authors: Bourdonneau Éric
Published: June 2011

Surprisingly, the iconography of the famous Banteay Srei temple has never been studied thoroughly, even though this iconography is one of the few which has been entirely completed and so well conserved.

This article constitutes the first part of such a comprehensive study, and its purpose is to show how the "perfection", always attributed to Banteay Srei, applies especially to the relation between its iconography and architecture. Of interest is studying how this relation, particularly the distribution of iconographic themes, informs our appreciation of this "perfection", while is entirely devoted to the symbolism of the monument : if the temple is considered beautiful, it is especially so because of this rich symbolic significance.
La succession de Setthāthirāt : réappréciation d'une période de l'histoire du Lān Xāng
Authors: Lorrillard Michel
Published: June 2011

The phase of unrest which spreads from the death of King Setthāthirāt (1572) to that of King Voravongsā Thammikarāt (1623) is one of the least known periods of the history of Lān Xāng - somewhat a paradox when you consider that philological and epigraphic data relative to these 50 years are more numerous than for some other periods of Laotian history.

The main purpose of this article is to establish a framework of historical events and reliable cross-checked chronological markers for this period during which the fragility of royal legitimacy turns out to be a key factor. But at the same time, comparing the available sources and assessing the insights that they offer leads the author to reflect upon problems specific to the historiography of that period and on the fact that inscriptions, although essential to historical studies, may lead to misinterpretation when not crosschecked with other sources.
La ruse déjouée : une histoire, des images
Authors: Boudignon Françoise
Published: June 2011

The Myinkaba Kubyauk-gyi temple, dated 1123 AD, at Pagan (Burma), shelters the most valuable series of mural paintings representing the jātaka (stories of the Buddha's former births). One specific picture from this temple, that of the Samugga Jātaka (n° 436), is thoroughly analysed and then compared with other representations of the same jātaka executed in various places at different periods : a terracota plate at the Mingala-zedi (late 13th century) at Pagan, an illustration by a Burmese painter in Rangoon in 1987, a 19th century mural painting in Wat Krüa Wan in Bangkok, and briefly, a 2nd century BC bas-relief at Bharhut in India. One tale differently understood and represented.
L'invisible guérison : Notes d'ethnomédecine en milieu rural au Cambodge
Authors: Crochet Soizick
Published: June 2011

Three types of medical systems can be identified in Cambodia : the western biomedical sector, either public or private ; the traditional practice, recorded on manuscripts, of a group of mainly male specialists, the kru Khmer ; and the folk methods, combining herbal, ritual and increasingly pharmaceutical components, that women use daily for their families. While the international aid agencies tend to adopt a more positive view of the traditional practionners, women's knowledge about care is widely ignored or even condemned by the professional sector. Yet they are the first health providers in a country plagued by extremely high morbidity incidences and a low utilization rate of the official facilities. While asserting that this contempt for domestic care evolves from a gender-biased evaluation of knowledge, this paper attempts to show why female domestic methods of healing deserve more attention and respect.
"Ce-bois-au-dessus" : porte-berceau, exorciste et marqueur identitaire. Un exemple de technologie symbolique chez les Jawi à propos d'architecture traditionnelle (Patani, Sud de la Thaïlande)
Authors: Le Roux Pierre
Published: June 2011

The Jawi people from the southern Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat (which originally were part of the ancient Patani sultanate) make up the most important part of the muslim minority of Thailand. In the roof structure of their houses, they systematically place a piece of wood called "this-wood-above", which has a triple function : symbolic, identificatory and practical.
La restauration de l'image du moi dans le chamanisme des Yao
Authors: Lemoine Jacques
Published: June 2011

The Yao considered in this article belong to the Yao Mien group, the only Yao group to be found in Thailand.

When healing illness, the Yao Mien traditionally resort to two different kinds of practices - medicinal herbs (or nowadays western medicine) for natural diseases and, if illness lasts for an unusual period of time or seems to be caused by supernatural forces, the intervention of a religious specialist. In that case, besides Taoist rituals derived from the Meishan and Lüshan doctrines, they resort to shamanistic activities which are split into two different phases : first, the establishment of a diagnosis or beou ' kwaa and, second, a shaman's expedition in the other world in order to recapture the runaway souls of his patient and return them to their owner (ts'ang woueri). The present article focuses mainly on the recapture of the souls which constitute the image of the self of the patient and their return to his/her body, which amounts to a restauration of the self image.
Les rues de la littérature: quelques aspects de Bangkok dans les nouvelles thaïes contemporaines
Authors: Pichard-Bertaux Louise
Published: June 2011

The purpose of this paper is to compare the various visions of the streets reflected in a few short stories by Chat Kopchitti, Atsiri Thammachot, Wanit Charungkit-anan and Sila Khomchai (who all won the SEA Write Award). After a brief review of the history and situation of the short story in Thailand and a presentation of the corpus and writers, five themes will be developed in relation with five key elements structuring these short stories : the scenery - streets as a place of contrasts - ; the characters - streets as a meeting place - ; the action - streets as a place of movement - ; the themes - streets as an embodiement of social inequalities - and, last, the atmosphere - streets as a nostalgia set. These themes, which constitute major topics in the corpus considered, offer an opportunity to analyse how the city and the streets in the city are perceived by different authors, giving an idea of how Thai intellectuals judge the city and modern urban society.
Le rôle de l'esprit môt (phi môt) chez les Taï Noirs du Viêt-nam et quelques techniques de guérison élémentaires
Authors: Trong Câm
Published: June 2011

When healing illness, the Black Tai people of Vietnam use a wide range of treatments. In some cases they resort to shamanistic practices based on their beliefs about the môt spirit helpers which the author summarizes briefly before presenting the two kinds of healers who resort to them - the mo môt ritual masters and the male môt lao or female mot nhinh (mae môt) shamans - and describing their performances.

Two other healing techniques have nothing to do with shamanism. The first one, phytotherapy, is the prerogative of women, and the secret magic formulae pronounced at the time of treatment are exclusively transmitted from mother to daughter. The second one, called "healing by hand" (au mu 'yd) is practiced only by men. This kind of treatment requires a high degree of concentration and makes use of the eyes, hands and feet of the healer to treat the patient. It is based on the knowledge of the four main networks of energy (si sai) at work in the human body, according to this Tai massage tradition.
D'Angkor au Lān Xāng: une révision des jugements
Authors: Lorrillard Michel
Published: June 2011

The only explicit references made to Cambodia in the Lao chronicles are related to the reign of Fa Ngum (fourteenth century), unquestionably a historical figure. These acknowledged the support of his father-in-law, the Khmer king, towards Fa Ngum's founding of the Lan Xang kingdom, and towards the introduction there of Theravāda Buddhism. Although historians down through our own times have accepted this recounting, it may nevertheless turn quite questionable when the sources are subjected to stringent critical analysis. Indeed, there is no shortage of arguments challenging the received wisdom on the implantation of a Khmer kingdom in central and northern Laos during the Angkorian period. In light of these, it seems that the Khmer influence there may have been much less than is commonly assumed.
La rémunération réelle des fonctionnaires au Đại Nam dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle: un essai d'évaluation
Authors: Poisson Emmanuel
Published: June 2011

La question du revenu mandarinal n'a jamais été étudiée pour la dynastie des Nguyên. Une simple analyse des salaires nominaux ne peut être satisfaisante. Seule la connaissance de la rémunération réelle des fonctionnaires peut être éclairante pour comprendre, à plusieurs degrés de la hiérarchie, le fonctionnement de cette bureaucratie. Par ailleurs, affirmer que la modicité de la rémunération des mandarins dérivait de la conception confucéenne de la fonction publique, qui ne devait pas être envisagée comme une source de revenu, ne peut que dissimuler la complexité de la question. Le mandarinat ne peut être considéré comme une catégorie homogène comme le montrent les écarts de rémunération internes à la fonction publique et les disparités géographiques de rémunération. Ainsi les écarts de salaire entre un sous- préfet et un gouverneur de province par exemple déterminent une pluralité de motivations et d'approches. L'étude du réinvestissement multiforme des surplus n'est véritablement pertinente que pour la frange supérieure de la fonction publique et une telle analyse est indispensable pour la compréhension des investissements fonciers et symboliques du haut mandarinat sur le plan local. Mais, globalement, la rémunération des sous- préfets restait faible et ceux-ci se trouvaient d'abord confrontés à des problèmes qui touchaient à leur propre survie : à travers la modicité des salaires de ces fonctionnaires, c'est le fonctionnement d'un échelon essentiel de l'administration - le mandarinat local- qui était en cause.
Essartage et riziculture humide. Complémentarité des écosystèmes agraires à Stung Treng au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Guérin Mathieu
Published: June 2011

At the beginning of the 20th century, wet-paddy cultivation and swidden were the primary forms of agriculture in Stung Treng (Cambodia), with swidden being practiced by indigenous groups and wet-paddy cultivation by the ethnic Lao and Khmer. Archives stored in Phnom Penh show that the disparate but complementary nature of these agro-systems allowed a trade system to develop which promoted cash income and significantly reduced the risk of famine for all ethnic groups. However, a common perception of the Khmer and French rulers was that wet-paddy cultivation is an economically superior practice as compared to swidden, failing to understand that swidden yielded better harvests over time. This misconception led to inapropriate policies and taxation.
Le cimetière de Hnaw Kan, Malhaing (Mandalay). Note préliminaire
Authors: Pautreau Jean-Pierre , Pauk Pauk U , Domett Kate
Published: June 2011

Nous présentons ici, avant l'étude définitive, les tout premiers résultats de la fouille d'une nécropole de l'âge du fer dans le centre du Myanmar. Ces recherches de terrain conduites en 2001 par une équipe birmano-française posent les premiers jalons d'une étude des périodes récentes de la Préhistoire dans la région.
Timor Lorosa'e 1930-2001. Partis politiques et processus électoraux à hauts risques
Authors: Durand Frédéric
Published: June 2011

East-Timor, a former Portuguese colony annexed by the Indonesian army in 1976, was in the headlines in August 1999 during the referendum organised under the aegis of the United Nations, where more than 78% of the population voted for independence. Although presented as a "first" in the history of the country, this event was not without precedent, since a number of elections have been staged since the 1930's. However, the first real popular participation took place only in the 1970's, when UDT and Fretilin, the two leading parties, gained the majority of seats in municipal elections. In 1975, a short civil war, encouraged by the Indonesian army and immediately followed by military invasion, placed the territory under the collusion, corruption and nepotism of the regime of the Archipelago. Furthermore, the massive military intervention caused the death of one third of the population and blocked any political life, even if several parodies of consultations were organised within the framework of national Indonesian elections. In 1999, after the violence which followed the referendum, the territory was placed under UN administration. In August 2001, Fretilin secured more than 57% of the votes in the election of a Constituent Assembly, in order to prepare for independence due to take place in May 2002.
Rice Remains in the Prehistoric Pottery Tempers of the Shell Midden Site of Samrong Sen: Implications for Early Rice Cultivation in Central Cambodia
Authors: Vanna Ly
Published: June 2011

La découverte de restes de riz parmi les dégraissants des poteries du site de Samrong Sen et ses implications sur l'histoire de la culture du riz dans le centre du Cambodge.

II est fort possible que la culture et la domestication du riz dans les plaines inondables du centre du Cambodge remontent à la préhistoire. Certaines fouilles archéologiques menées par l'auteur sur le site de Samrong Sen, situé dans la zone inondable du Tonle Sap, ont montré que la balle de riz était, parmi d'autres sous-produits agricoles, utilisée comme dégraissant dans les poteries. Les restes analysés pourraient remonter à 3 600 ans au plus tard. En 1999, l'analyse de quelques centaines de tessons mis au jour sur le site a permis d'identifier pour la première fois un certain nombre de spécimens de grains de riz entiers. L'analyse morphologique de chaque spécimen a révélé que certains d'entre eux présentaient des traits caractéristiques de la sous-espèce Oryza indica et de certaines variétés d'Oryza sativa. Le présent article présente les résultats de l'analyse des restes de riz mis au jour à Samrong Sen, examine l'histoire de l'apparition du riz dans la zone du Tonle Sap et suggère quelques pistes de recherche dans le domaine du riz à l'époque préhistorique au Cambodge.
L'inscription K. 1212 du Vatt Samrong Ek dans la province de Tra Vinh au Viêt-nam
Authors: Bernon Olivier de
Published: June 2011

La région actuelle de Tra Vinh, qui faisait autrefois partie de la province de Vinh Long, dans le pays de Gia-Dinh, passée sous le contrôle fiscal des Vietnamiens depuis le début du XVIIIe siècle et, quelques décennies plus tard, sous leur administration directe, ne ressortissait plus à l'autorité du roi du Cambodge depuis plus d'un siècle lorsque l'inscription du Vatt Samrong Ek a été rédigée. Actuellement, c'est encore une région dont la population, très dense, est majoritairement khmère.

L'inscription K. 1212, de même que l'inscription moderne figurant sur le socle de ciment de la principale statue du Bouddha, à l'intérieur du vihâra du Vatt Samrong Ek, attestent entre autres de la permanence de relations culturelles, voire symboliques ou ritualistes, entre les populations khmères transfrontalières et la monarchie du Cambodge, alors même que le continuum politique est rompu de longue date. Elles témoignent par ailleurs de la vitalité d'une conscience culturelle identitaire, voire d'une forme de conscience nationale parmi les Khmers de cette partie de la Cochinchine - au point que, paradoxalement, les monastères cambodgiens dont les traditions demeurent les plus vivantes et dont les bâtiments sont les mieux conservés se trouvent probablement, de nos jours, au Viêt-nam du Sud.
Les "Việt kiểu" du Nord-Est de la Thaïlande dans le contexte des relations entre la Thaïlande et le Viêt-nam au cours de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle
Authors: Sripana Thanyathip
Published: June 2011

The Viêt kiêu of northeastern Thailand and Thai- Vietnamese relations in the second half of the 20th century.

The word "Viêt kiêu" is used by the Vietnamese residing in Vietnam and the Government to refer to Vietnamese living outside of the country. Viêt kiêu settled in Thailand at different periods of History. This paper will focus on the ones who arrived in the country in 1945-46 and settled mostly in the northeastern provinces of the country.

Throughout the Cold War and the Vietnam War, these Viêt kiêu were victims of the anticommunist policies of the various Thai governments and later on, following the invasion of Cambodia by Vietnamese troops, had to suffer from the deterioration of the relations between Thailand and Vietnam. Their situation changed only at the end of the 80s when diplomatic and economic ties between the two countries were restored and started to improve for good.
L'initiation bouddhique au mariage. Formes rituelles en Birmanie
Authors: Robinne François
Published: June 2011

Dans le contexte bouddhique birman, le mariage est associé à une cérémonie laïque. Il est généralement admis dans les ouvrages ethnographiques que la reconnaissance sociale de l'union prime sur la reconnaissance religieuse, lorsque les deux ne sont pas considérées comme étant mutuellement exclusives. La perspective développée ici est tout autre. L'auteur se propose au contraire de montrer que les cérémonies initiatiques de prise de robe et de mariage agissent dans la continuité et dans la complémentarité l'une l'autre et que, de ce fait, elles s'éclairent mutuellement jusque dans le détail de leurs formes rituelles. Plutôt que d'envisager les deux cérémonies de prise de robe et de mariage de façon autonome, voire dans leur antinomie, la démarche retenue ici est une mise en perspective des deux rituels. L'analyse repose principalement sur les enquêtes ethnographiques menées sur ce thème depuis 1994 en Birmanie centrale et dans l'Etat shan du Sud, en milieu rural comme en milieu urbain.
Les moines entrepreneurs: renoncement et action sur le monde dans la quête de la sainteté en Birmanie
Authors: Rozenberg Guillaume
Published: June 2011

Cet article, qui traite de l'activité bâtisseuse de moines birmans contemporains aspirant à la sainteté, s'attache à montrer les rapports qu'entretient cette activité avec leur quête de la perfection spirituelle. Après avoir brièvement rappelé les différentes pratiques renonçantes caractéristiques de ces aspirants saints (vie dans la forêt, privations, méditation), il décrit les modalités de leur réinvestissement de la scène sociale à travers une activité impressionnante de construction d'édifices religieux. Les traits spécifiques de ces "moines entrepreneurs" invitent ainsi à réinterroger la distinction classique faite par Max Weber entre deux grandes orientations religieuses pour les individus aspirant au salut - la mystique contemplative et l'ascétisme - et à suggérer leur possible articulation et complémentarité dans le cas de la quête du salut en contexte theravādin.
Consuming alien goods, digesting foreign culture: Complexity of new consumption in north-western Thailand
Authors: Pawapakan Niti
Published: June 2011

This paper argues that globalization should not be seen as an inevitable mighty Western force imposed upon local society, but rather as a more complex interactive process through which local culture responds to change and external influences. Local people compromise with modern technology and new economic trends by modifying their habits and traditions, such as those related to language, diet, leisure and music. Local culture is not simply forced to alter itself and local people are not just driven to abandon their traditions. It is in fact a successful adaptation of local culture to innovation. Furthermore, the process of such adaptation is highly complex.
An Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ. Inscription from South-East Asia
Authors: Skilling Peter
Published: June 2011

The six-syllable mantra of Avalokiteśvara, om manipadme hum, is omnipresent in Tibet and the Himalayan regions. In South-East Asia, however, despite the fact that images of Avalokiteśvara have been found in large numbers throughout dating from roughly the 6th to 12th centuries, only one inscription giving this mantra has come to light. This paper offers a description, a transcription, a translation and a commentary of this exceptional inscription.
Le parallèle éminemment douteux entre l'angkar révolutionnaire et Angkor
Authors: Sher Sacha
Published: June 2011

Some of the literature dealing with the Khmer Rouge regime tries to explain the policy of the Revolutionary Organisation (Angkar Padevat) by the influence that the royal policy of Angkor (9th through 15th century AD) may have exerted over it. Can we consider such argument as valid ? Or is it based on dubious assumptions and fallacious secondhand information ? And does it make any sense to compare the two regimes ?
Solidarités intra-ethniques et relations interethniques. Sens et actualité des "sous-groupes" khmou (tmoï) au Nord Laos
Authors: Évrard Olivier
Published: June 2011

L'article prend pour objet les subdivisions culturelles et territoriales que l'on observe chez les Khmou du Laos et que les membres de ce groupe nomment tmoï. Parmi les spécialistes de la culture khmou, certains voient dans les tmoï les vestiges d'une organisation territoriale antérieure à la fondation du royaume du Lan Xang par les Lao, tandis que d'autres affirment qu'il s'agit seulement de "surnoms" ne correspondant pas nécessairement à des régions précises. L'article interroge le sens de cette catégorie d'appartenance en s' appuyant sur les enquêtes menées depuis 1994 dans la vallée de la Nam Tha, au Nord-Ouest du pays. Il montre que les tmoï constituent des identités localisées produites dans des contextes interethniques et territoriaux spécifiques. L'existence des tmoï a concrètement influencé le déroulement du conflit d'indépendance dans cette région et, à partir de 1975, conditionné les formes de la politique de développement rural engagée par le nouveau régime.
Conquête agricole et pouvoirs villageois sur les premières marches montagneuses du Nord Việt Nam au début du XIXe siècle. Étude des registres foncier du piémont du Tam Đảo
Authors: Lagrée Stéphane
Published: June 2011

Qui au Viêt Nam possède la terre ?

Au début du XIXe siècle, le pouvoir dans les communes vietnamiennes du delta du fleuve Rouge repose sur un système de domination fondé sur la capacité de distribution foncière ; paysans pauvres ou riches propriétaires peuvent être en charge des affaires politico-administratives du village. Mais quelle est la nature du rapport possession/autorité sur les marges périphériques des basses terres ? Dans la région forestière du Tam Đào, l'analyse des registres fonciers de 1805 et 1835 met en lumière une tout autre corrélation entre agents communaux et formes de distribution foncière. L'étude, au cas par cas, des communes du piémont permet de prendre la mesure, en dehors de tout regard de l'État, de la primauté écrasante de la propriété privée et, de fait, du rôle clé des stratégies locales évoluant autour de la double entrée "position de pouvoir - unité lignagère".