bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rivaroxaban Plus Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone in Patients With Prior Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (COMPASS-PCI)
Authors: Bainey Kevin R. , Welsh Robert C. , Connolly Stuart J. , Marsden Tamara , Bosch Jackie , Fox Keith A.A. , Steg P. Gabriel , Vinereanu Dragos , Connolly Derek L. , Berkowitz Scott D. , Foody JoAnne M. , Probstfield Jeffrey L. , Branch Kelley R. , Lewis Basil S. , Diaz Rafael , Muehlhofer Eva , Widimsky Petr , Yusuf Salim , Eikelboom John W. , Bhatt Deepak L. ,   On behalf of the COMPASS Investigators
Published: April 2020

Background:

The COMPASS trial (Cardiovascular Outcomes for People using Anticoagulation Strategies) demonstrated that dual pathway inhibition (DPI) with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin 100 mg once daily versus aspirin 100 mg once daily reduced the primary major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, as well as, mortality, in patients with chronic coronary syndromes or peripheral arterial disease. Whether this remains true in patients with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown.

Methods:

In a prespecified subgroup analysis from COMPASS, we examined the outcomes of patients with a chronic coronary syndrome with or without a previous PCI treated with DPI versus aspirin alone. Among patients with a previous PCI, we studied the effects of treatment according to the timing of the previous PCI.

Results:

Of the 27 395 patients in COMPASS, 16 560 patients with a chronic coronary syndrome were randomly assigned to DPI or aspirin, and, of these, 9862 (59.6%) had previous PCI (mean age 68.2±7.8, female 19.4%, diabetes mellitus 35.7%, previous myocardial infarction 74.8%, multivessel PCI 38.0%). Average time from PCI to randomization was 5.4 years (SD, 4.4) and follow-up was 1.98 (SD, 0.72) years. Regardless of previous PCI, DPI versus aspirin produced consistent reductions in MACE (PCI: 4.0% versus 5.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.61–0.88]; no PCI: 4.4% versus 5.7%; HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.61–0.94],
P
-interaction=0.85) and mortality (PCI: 2.5% versus 3.5%; HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.58–0.92]; no PCI: 4.1% versus 5.0%; HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.64–1.00],
P
-interaction=0.59), but increased major bleeding (PCI: 3.3% versus 2.0%; HR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.34–2.21]; no PCI: 2.9% versus 1.8%; HR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.15–2.17],
P
-interaction=0.68). In those with previous PCI, DPI compared with aspirin produced consistent (robust) reductions in MACE irrespective of time since previous PCI (as early as 1 year and as far as 10 years;
P
-interaction=0.65), irrespective of having a previous myocardial infarction (
P
-interaction=0.64).

Conclusions:

DPI compared with aspirin produced consistent reductions in MACE and mortality but with increased major bleeding with or without previous PCI. Among those with previous PCI 1 year and beyond, the effects on MACE and mortality were consistent irrespective of time since last PCI.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01776424.
Thrombolysis With Alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg for Stroke With Unknown Time of Onset
Authors: Koga Masatoshi , Yamamoto Haruko , Inoue Manabu , Asakura Koko , Aoki Junya , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Kanzawa Takao , Kondo Rei , Ohtaki Masafumi , Itabashi Ryo , Kamiyama Kenji , Iwama Toru , Nakase Taizen , Yakushiji Yusuke , Igarashi Shuichi , Nagakane Yoshinari , Takizawa Shunya , Okada Yasushi , Doijiri Ryosuke , Tsujino Akira , Ito Yasuhiro , Ohnishi Hideyuki , Inoue Takeshi , Takagi Yasushi , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Sakai Nobuyuki , Osaki Masato , Uesaka Yoshikazu , Yoshimura Shinichi , Urabe Takao , Ueda Toshihiro , Ihara Masafumi , Kitazono Takanari , Sasaki Makoto , Oita Akira , Yoshimura Sohei , Fukuda-Doi Mayumi , Miwa Kaori , Kimura Kazumi , Minematsu Kazuo , Toyoda Kazunori ,   for the THAWS Trial Investigators
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose—

We assessed whether lower-dose alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg is efficacious and safe for acute fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-negative stroke with unknown time of onset.

Methods—

This was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, open-label, blinded-end point trial. Patients met the standard indication criteria for intravenous thrombolysis other than a time last-known-well >4.5 hours (eg, wake-up stroke). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg or standard medical treatment if magnetic resonance imaging showed acute ischemic lesion on diffusion-weighted imaging and no marked corresponding hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. The primary outcome was a favorable outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1).

Results—

Following the early stop and positive results of the WAKE-UP trial (Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke), this trial was prematurely terminated with 131 of the anticipated 300 patients (55 women; mean age, 74.4±12.2 years). Favorable outcome was comparable between the alteplase group (32/68, 47.1%) and the control group (28/58, 48.3%; relative risk [RR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.68–1.41];
P
=0.892). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 22 to 36 hours occurred in 1/71 and 0/60 (RR, infinity [95% CI, 0.06 to infinity];
P
>0.999), respectively. Death at 90 days occurred in 2/71 and 2/60 (RR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.06–12.58];
P
>0.999), respectively.

Conclusions—

No difference in favorable outcome was seen between alteplase and control groups among patients with ischemic stroke with unknown time of onset. The safety of alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg was comparable to that of standard treatment. Early study termination precludes any definitive conclusions.

Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02002325.
Nomenclatural notes on the taxonomic identity of Sprengel’s Erigeron dubius, E. montevidensis, E. resinosus and E. filiformis (Asteraceae)

Authors: MORAES PEDRO LUÍS RODRIGUES DE
Published: April 2020

The names Erigeron dubius, E. montevidensis, E. resinosus, and E. filiformis (Asteraceae) are investigated. Specimens from Kurt Sprengel’s private herbarium, kept at the Paris Herbarium (P), are designated as lectotypes. Erigeron dubius and E. resinosus are currently recognized under Hysterionica, whereas E. montevidensis and E. filiformis are treated under Neja. Based on the original material, Erigeron dubius and E. resinosus are proposed as new heterotypic synonyms of Hysterionica nidorelloides, having equal nomenclatural priority over the latter, therefore I here propose a nomenclatural transfer as Hysterionica resinosa comb. nov. (≡ E. resinosus). Erigeron montevidensis is proposed as a new heterotypic synonym of Neja filiformis, whose basionym is E. filiformis. Additionally, lectotypes for the names Neja gracilis and N. linearifolia are designated.
Mixtecalia, a new monotypic genus of the subtribe Tussilagininae (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico

Authors: GARCÍA-MENDOZA ABISAÍ JOSUÉ , SANDOVAL-GUTIÉRREZ DANIEL , REDONDA-MARTÍNEZ ROSARIO
Published: April 2020

A new monotypic genus, Mixtecalia, from the Tlaxiaco district located in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It differs from other Mexican genera of the subtribe Tussilagininae in the monocarpic reproductive strategy (being the only genus of the subtribe to date to have it) as well as the verticillate leaves, the arrangement of which resembles aerial rosettes similar to those of Dendrosenecio. However, in Mixtecalia the verticillate leaves are absent during the flowering period. Mixtecalia has terete and lanate stems; ovate-elliptical leaves, which are tomentose on both surfaces; and paniculiform and bracteate synflorescences, which can reach twice the size of the plant during reproduction. The heads are discoid, with turbinate involucres and 6–8 oblong-lanceolate and lanate phyllaries; each capitulum contains 10–12 yellow florets, with papillose lobes on the apex; the cypselae are cylindrical, 5–6 ribbed and sericeous. The new genus occurs in xerophytic scrub with gypsiferous soils and is known from an area of approximately 1.75 km2, where it coexists with Agave gypsicola and Cephalocereus parvispinus, which dominate the landscape of the type locality.
Typification of the two Arariba names published by Martius and of the two Pinckneya names published by Allemão & Saldanha, synonymous with the names of two species of Simira (Rubiaceae, Condamineeae)

Authors: MARGALHO LUCIANO FERREIRA , DELPRETE PIERO G. , GROPPO MILTON
Published: April 2020

Martius described the genus Arariba, with two species, A. rubra and A. alba from material collected in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro, which are here lectotypified. Twelve years later, Allemão and Saldanha described Pinckneya rubescens and P. viridiflora, also from material collected in Rio de Janeiro; the holotypes of these two Pinckneya names have recently been found in the Herbarium of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro. After comparative studies of their types and recent collections, we concluded that these taxa are synonymous with Simira alba (Mart.) comb. nov. and Simira rubra. Comments on typification and critical historical collections of all taxa involved are also provided.
Polarimetric Relations for Snow Estimation—Radar Verification
Authors: Bukovčić Petar , Ryzhkov Alexander , Zrnić Dusan
Published: April 2020

In a 2018 paper by Bukovčić et al., polarimetric bivariate power-law relations for estimating snowfall rate S and ice water content (IWC), and , were developed utilizing 2D video disdrometer snow measurements in Oklahoma. Herein, these disdrometer-based relations are generalized for the range of particle aspect ratios from 0.5 to 0.8 and the width of the canting angle distribution from 0° to 40° and are validated via analytical/theoretical derivations and simulations. In addition, a novel S(KDP, Zdr) polarimetric relation utilizing the ratio between specific differential phase KDP and differential reflectivity Zdr, , is derived. Both KDP and are proportionally affected by the ice particles’ aspect ratio and width of the canting angle distribution; therefore, the variables’ ratio tends to be almost invariant to the changes in these parameters. The S(KDP, Z) and S(KDP, Zdr) relations are applied to the polarimetric S-band WSR-88D data obtained from three geographical locations in Virginia, Oklahoma, and Colorado, and their performance is compared with estimations from the standard S(Z) relations and ground snow measurements. The polarimetric estimates of snow accumulations from the three cases exhibit smaller bias in comparison with the S(Z), indicating good potential for more reliable radar snow measurements.
Embracing Uncertainty: Using Probabilistic Weather Forecasts to Make Ensemble Hydraulic Predictions at Remote Low-Water Crossings
Authors: Matus Sean A. , Dominguez Francina , Gambill Daniel R. , Howard Heidi R.
Published: April 2020

Low-water crossings are structures designed to be overtopped during high river flows. These structures are usually constructed in remote locations, making timely emergency response difficult in case of flooding. In this work, five historical flooding events were hindcasted at a remote low-water crossing in central Texas. An ensemble of model-simulated precipitation forcing cascades uncertainty through hydrologic and hydraulic models. Each precipitation ensemble member corresponds to an independent model run, resulting in an ensemble 24-h streamflow forecast initialized at 0000 UTC. In addition to the hydrologic conditions, the forecast is expanded to predict river hydraulics, through flow velocity and depth. Analysis of the five hindcast events indicates that cascading probabilistic precipitation through hydrologic and hydraulic models adds robustness to river forecasts compared to deterministic methods. The approach provides a means to communicate the uncertainty of predictions through the ensemble spread. Analysis of deterministic hazard thresholds suggest that a hydraulic stability threshold, calculated as the multiplication of flow velocity and depth, is a useful alternative approach to NWS high-water categories for communicating hydrologic/hydraulic risk, as well as associated model uncertainty in the simplest manner possible.
Driving into Danger: Perception and Communication of Flash-Flood Risk
Authors: Coles Ashley R. , Hirschboeck Katherine K.
Published: April 2020

Floods, particularly urban flash floods, frequently disrupt traffic, constraining mobility and exposing motorists to danger. Flood risk managers educate the public on the dangers of driving through flooded roadways, yet losses to life and property continue to occur. This study integrates cultural psychology and risk perception theory to explore how cultural and situational factors influence motorists’ behavior during flash floods. Flood risk managers in Tucson, Arizona, collaborated in the development of a questionnaire mailed to local residents in 2007. Self-reported levels of trust, self-efficacy, social incorporation, and situational factors were analyzed with respect to whether respondents stated that they have or have not driven through a flooded roadway. Respondents demonstrate complex reasoning when confronted with flooded roadways, rather than simple or consistent risk-taking or risk-avoidance behaviors. Participants indicate high levels of trust in official warning messages and share information about floods within their social networks, highlighting the success of education campaigns. However, flood conditions are not always clear, so motorists seek additional sources of information and weigh the dangers against other situational factors on a case-by-case basis. Factors that influence respondents’ decisions include the prior successful crossing of other vehicles, presence of signs and barricades, presence of passengers, risk of personal injury or damage to the vehicle, and the availability of flood-related information. The results also show that individuals who know how to avoid floods, including by asking others for advice, are less likely to enter flooded roadways, and thus communicating further instructions will empower more motorists to avoid danger.
Critical Assessment of Analytical Methods for the Harmonized and Cost-Efficient Analysis of Microplastics
Authors: Primpke Sebastian , Christiansen Silke H. , Cowger Win , De Frond Hannah , Deshpande Ashok , Fischer Marten , Holland Erika B. , Meyns Michaela , O'Donnell Bridget A. , Ossmann Barbara E. , Pittroff Marco , Sarau George , Scholz-Böttcher Barbara M. , Wiggin Kara J.
Published: April 2020

Microplastics are of major concerns for society and is currently in the focus of legislators and administrations. A small number of measures to reduce or remove primary sources of microplastics to the environment are currently coming into effect. At the moment, they have not yet tackled important topics such as food safety. However, recent developments such as the 2018 bill in California are requesting the analysis of microplastics in drinking water by standardized operational protocols. Administrations and analytical labs are facing an emerging field of methods for sampling, extraction, and analysis of microplastics, which complicate the establishment of standardized operational protocols. In this review, the state of the currently applied identification and quantification tools for microplastics are evaluated providing a harmonized guideline for future standardized operational protocols to cover these types of bills. The main focus is on the naked eye detection, general optical microscopy, the application of dye staining, flow cytometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-Ir) and microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and microscopy, thermal degradation by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) as well as thermo-extraction and desorption gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS). Additional techniques are highlighted as well as the combined application of the analytical techniques suggested. An outlook is given on the emerging aspect of nanoplastic analysis. In all cases, the methods were screened for limitations, field work abilities and, if possible, estimated costs and summarized into a recommendation for a workflow covering the demands of society, legislation, and administration in cost efficient but still detailed manner.
War and balance: Following shi and rebalancing militant English-language knowing apparatuses
Authors: Lin Wen-yuan
Published: April 2020

English language and its warlike knowing apparatuses dominate global academic practice, including the repertoire of critique in social sciences. But what might be done about this? The paradox is that if we fight this, we simply rehearse the same logic of antagonism. This article tries to avoid this bind, experimenting instead with an alternative apparatus – an approach that values the art of balancing. In presenting this approach, shi-as-reasoning (shì, 勢), I take inspiration from Dr Hsu, a Chinese medical (CM) doctor in Taiwan, who avoids fighting viruses while treating patients with SARS in biomedically dominated clinics, and who publishes his work in English-language biomedical research journals. In doing so, he balances among the complexities of shi in the body of diseased patients, possible herbal interventions (decoctions), the contexts of CM practices in Taiwan, and English-language dominated biomedical research. Since this article describes Dr Hsu’s practices in English, it makes use of elements taken from the material semiotics of social science, Dr Hsu’s accounts of CM, and the logic of the non-antagonistic interplay between yin and yang. Following the lead of Dr Hsu, it thus suggests that a shi-inflected-reasoning might help to rebalance a situation that is imbalanced as a result of the domination of English in academia.
Effects of Obtrusive Observation and Rules on Classroom Behavior of Adolescents in a Juvenile Residential Treatment Setting
Authors: Hamrick Sally A. , Richling Sarah M. , Brogan Kristen M. , Rapp John T. , Davis William T.
Published: April 2020

Several studies have used interdependent group contingencies to decrease disruptive behavior and increase appropriate behavior for groups of adolescents. In addition, one study demonstrated that rules plus feedback about rule violations, without additional group contingencies, decreased problem behavior and increased appropriate behavior for adolescents in three classrooms within a residential juvenile facility. Given the rapid behavior change observed in the aforementioned study, it is possible behavior changes were produced by reactivity to obtrusive observation from program implementers. To address this question, we used two A-B designs in conjunction with the conservative dual-criterion (CDC) method to evaluate the extent to which obtrusive observation alone and rules, without systematic consequences, decreased problem behaviors in two classrooms within a residential juvenile facility. Results from visual and CDC analyses indicate that (a) obtrusive observation did not affect problem behavior in either classroom and (b) rules decreased problem behavior in both classrooms and increased appropriate behavior in one classroom. In addition, a measure of social validity indicated that the procedures and outcomes were acceptable to the classroom teacher.
Comparing Interpretations of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale With 4-, 5-, and 101-Point Scales
Authors: Colvin Kimberly F. , Gorgun Guher , Zhang Sijun
Published: April 2020

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was administered with a 1–4, 1–5, or 0–100 scale to 819 participants, to compare score interpretations across the different versions. A rating scale utility analysis revealed that the categories in the 101-point scale were used inconsistently; based on the analysis, adjacent categories were collapsed resulting in a 7-point scale with almost identical psychometric properties as the original. The interpretations based on the 101-point scale could lead to misinterpretations when compared with the 4- and 5-point versions.
Effect of minimum quantity lubrication and vortex tube cooling on laser-assisted micromilling of a difficult-to-cut steel
Authors: Kuila Pushparghya Deb , Melkote Shreyes
Published: April 2020

Laser-assisted micromilling is a promising micromachining process for difficult-to-cut materials. Laser-assisted micromilling uses a laser to thermally soften the workpiece in front of the cutting tool, thereby lowering the cutting forces, improving the dimensional accuracy, and reducing the tool wear. Thermal softening, however, causes the workpiece material to adhere to the tool and form a built-up edge. To mitigate this problem and to enhance micromachinability of the workpiece in laser-assisted micromilling, this article investigates the following lubrication and cooling methods: (1) minimum quantity lubrication and (2) vortex tube cooling. Experiments utilizing the two methods are carried out on a difficult-to-cut stainless steel (A286), and the surface morphology, tool condition, burr formation, groove dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and cutting forces are analyzed. Results show that the combination of laser-assisted micromilling and minimum quantity lubrication yields the least amount of tool wear, lower resultant force, better groove dimensional accuracy, and no built-up edge. While vortex tube cooling with laser-assisted micromilling produces smaller burrs compared to minimum quantity lubrication, it yields larger changes in groove dimensions and is characterized by built-up edge formation. Possible physical explanations for the experimental observations are given.
Truck suspension incorporating inerters to minimise road damage
Authors: Liu Xiaofu , Jiang Jason Z , Harrison Andrew , Na Xiaoxiang
Published: April 2020

Road damage caused by heavy vehicles is a serious problem experienced worldwide. This paper investigates the potential for reduction in road damage by incorporating the inerter element into truck suspension systems. Initially, quarter-car, pitch-plane and roll-plane models with two low-complexity inerter-based linear suspension layouts are investigated in the frequency domain. Reductions of the J95 road damage index for each model are identified against conventional parallel spring–damper truck suspension layouts. It is also shown that the proposed suspensions are capable of enhancing the roll stability while keeping the road damage at a given level. Subsequently, the nonlinear relationship between force and displacement as manifested by leaf springs is incorporated into the pitch-plane and roll-plane time-domain models. These confirm the potential advantage of inerter-based suspension layouts for road damage reduction.
Wage-differentials and Their Determinants Across Industries in the Organized Manufacturing Sector of India
Authors: Ganguly Chandrima , Sasmal Joydeb
Published: April 2020

This article calculates the magnitude of wage differentials across industries in the organized manufacturing sector of India and identifies the major determinants of wage differentiation among the industries. Using data from Annual Survey of Industries in India for the period from 2000–2001 to 2015–2016, this study shows that mean wage is less in labour-intensive industries compared to the capital-intensive industries. The results of panel regression of annual average wage on various industry-specific factors show that productivity of labour is the most important factor in wage determination, and productivity largely depends on capital–labour ratio. The other significant factors in this regard are farm size, amount of profit and proportion of casual and female workers in total employment. Important policy implication of this study is that regulatory wage fixation and wage bargaining outcomes are not as significant as productivity differentials in explaining wage gaps across industries.
Women in sports leadership: A systematic narrative review
Authors: Evans Adam B , Pfister Gertrud U
Published: April 2020

Gender inequity in sport organisation boards, particularly in decision-making positions, remains a significant issue. Considerable research exists on the topic yet attempts to integrate non-academic perspectives on this literature are relatively limited. We present a systematic narrative review, constructed in conjunction with the work of a ‘reflective panel’ which included sport, business and academic professionals from Europe and North America. The panel helped to inform the search strategy and reflected upon the narrative produced. In total, 154 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and grey literature publications were included. The resultant narrative is presented according to several scales of abstraction; macro-scale studies of global/national trends; meso-scale studies of processes (re)producing gender inequity; and microscopic studies of lived experiences of gender inequity. There is consensus in the literature that, globally, women continue to be under-represented in leadership positions. Patriarchal selection practices and organisational cultures reinforce this inequity, despite evidence that men in leadership roles recognise the problem. While gender equity policies exist, actions to pursue gender equity are more limited. Patriarchal language, gendered stereotypes and person-profiling still persist, resulting in specific emotional and practical challenges for women in sports leadership positions. The reflective panel recognised an over-representation of studies from a liberal ‘Western’ tradition that conceptualises gender inequity in a specific socio-cultural and political way. Studies also often overlook the effects of the intersectionality. Finally, we suggest areas for further research, including a need to understand the electoral procedures of sports organisations beyond ‘formal’ channels, to better understand women’s lived experiences of inequity and to investigate the experiences of women who either step down or are not appointed to leadership positions.
Reliability analysis of the hysteretic nonlinear energy sink in shock mitigation considering uncertainties
Authors: Tsiatas George C , Karatzia Dimitra A
Published: April 2020

The reliability of the hysteretic nonlinear energy sink in shock mitigation is investigated herein. The hysteretic nonlinear energy sink is a passive vibration control device which is coupled to a primary linear oscillator. Apart from its small mass and a nonlinear elastic spring of the Duffing oscillator, it also comprises a purely hysteretic and a linear elastic spring of potentially negative stiffness. The Bouc–Wen model is used to describe the force produced by both the purely hysteretic and linear elastic springs. The hysteretic nonlinear energy sink protects the primary system through the energy pumping mechanism which transfers energy from the primary system and dissipates it in the hysteretic nonlinear energy sink. Three nonlinear equations of motion describe the resulting two-degree-of-freedom system response. The parameters of the system to be considered as uncertain are the natural frequency of the primary system and the hysteretic nonlinear energy sink linear elastic spring, which follow a normal distribution. A reliability analysis is then performed to evaluate the robustness of the coupled system in the presence of uncertainty. Specifically, the reliability index is calculated based on first passage probabilities of distinct dissipation energy level crossings using the Monte Carlo method. Several examples are examined considering various levels of initial input energy, and useful conclusions are drawn concerning the influence of uncertainty in the system robustness.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans Strain MHSD1, a Bacterial Endophyte Isolated From the Medicinal Plant Pellaea calomelanos
Authors: Tshishonga Khuthadzo , Serepa-Dlamini Mahloro Hope
Published: April 2020

Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans strain MHSD1 is a bacterial endophyte isolated from sterilized leaves of Pellaea calomelanos, a medicinal plant capable of growing in arid environments. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of this bacterial endophyte. The draft genome sequence of P. phenanthrenivorans strain MHSD1 has 4 450 468 bp with a G + C content of 65.30%. The National Center for Biotechnology Information Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline identified a total of 4004 protein-coding genes, 56 genes coding for RNAs, and 82 pseudogenes. Biosynthesis pathways for various phytohormones such as auxin, salicylic acid, ethylene, cytokinin, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and gibberellins were identified. Putative genes involved in various characteristics of bacterial endophyte lifestyle such as transport, motility, adhesion, membrane proteins, secretion and delivery systems, plant cell wall modification, and detoxification were identified. Phylogenomic analysis showed P. phenanthrenivorans strain MHSD1 to be a subspecies of P. phenanthrenivorans Sphe3.
A nonpartisan legislative chamber: The influence of the Canadian Senate
Authors: Bridgman Aengus
Published: April 2020

Measuring relative legislative influence is notoriously difficult, particularly in bicameral systems where two chambers have similar formal powers. Recent changes to the Canadian legislature offer a unique opportunity to understand how an upper house liberated from party constraints impacts that houses’ legislative influence. I leverage an original panel data set matching lobbyist activity to parliamentarian characteristics and responsibilities and, using a difference-in-differences design, compare Members of Parliament to Senators, both independent and partisan. I find that independent Senators receive disproportionately more attention from lobbyists both after the changes and as the independent composition of the Senate grows. This article offers a time-variant measure by which perceived influence can be evaluated and contributes to the extant literature on intercameral relationships, partisanship, the legislative process, and party discipline and cohesion.
Regional Cooperation in Industrial Revolution 4.0 and South Asia: Opportunities, Challenges and Way Forward
Authors: Mukherjee Arpita , Satija Divya
Published: April 2020

This paper examines the current status of use of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (4th IR) in South Asia and the role and need for regional cooperation to harness the potential and benefits of 4th IR. It examines the development across South Asian countries, their participation in international forums, their level of collaboration and cooperation in technology adaptation and digitalization. Based on secondary data analysis and in-depth meetings with experts, the paper explores the potential of 4th IR in this region and identifies the challenges of South Asian countries. It then presents recommendations on how the South Asian countries can harness the benefits of 4th IR and address their common concerns through collaborations under the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), so that all member countries can benefit from 4th IR, by leveraging each other’s best practices and comparative advantages. This can help countries in the region to achieve high and inclusive growth and meet their sustainable development goals.

JEL: O3, O57, F13
Towards a ‘Responsible AI’: Can India Take the Lead?
Authors: Chakrabarti Rajesh , Sanyal Kaushiki
Published: April 2020

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on every aspect of our lives is inevitable and already being felt in numerous ways. Countries are grappling with the opportunities and challenges that AI presents. Among the South Asian countries, India has taken a lead in promoting and regulating AI. However, it lags significantly behind countries such as China or the United States. This article explores India’s AI ecosystem, the threats and challenges it faces, and the ethical issues it needs to consider. Finally, it examines the common concerns among South Asian nations and the possibility of coming together to promote and regulate AI in the region.

JEL: Z: Z0: Z000
Analysis and optimization of a variable mode valve actuation system
Authors: Wang Yang , Cui Jingchen , Meng Xiangyu , Tian Jiangping , Tian Hua , Xu Shuang , Long Wuqiang
Published: April 2020

Braking safety of heavy-duty engines has always been the focus of the research, and the fuel economy and after-treatment thermal management during low-load operation of heavy-duty engines have also received much attention in recent years. A variable mode valve actuation system which can realize switching between four-stroke driving, two-stroke compression release braking and cylinder deactivation modes on a traditional four-stroke engine was proposed in this article. Two-stroke compression release braking mode of the variable mode valve actuation system can greatly enhance the braking safety, while the overload of valve train was a great challenge, especially during the release event. The effects of different release opening timing on cylinder pressure and the braking performance were studied. The results indicated that a higher cylinder pressure does not always lead to higher braking power. When the release opening timing was advanced by 6 °CA, the braking power reduced by only 9 kW (2.65%) at 1900 r/min compared with the initial value, while the maximum cylinder pressure reduced by 11.4 bar (20.8%). Besides, the variable mode valve actuation system can realize alternate three-cylinder cylinder deactivation mode on a six-cylinder turbocharged engine, which can improve the brake-specific fuel consumption by 14.67% and increase the turbine outlet temperature by 63.6 °C and reduce the exhaust flow rate by 50.66% at lightly load idle. Meanwhile, when the engine load is less than 50% at the rated speed, the three-cylinder cylinder deactivation mode can improve the brake-specific fuel consumption, increase the turbine outlet temperature and reduce the exhaust flow rate. The increase of the turbine outlet temperature and the decrease of the exhaust flow rate are very beneficial to improve the efficiency of the after-treatment thermal management of heavy-duty engines.
Impact of Scoring Balloons on Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Outcomes in Femoropopliteal Lesions
Authors: Horie Kazunori , Tanaka Akiko , Taguri Masataka , Inoue Naoto
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of scoring balloons for immediate success of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in femoropopliteal lesions. Materials and Methods: Between 2013 and 2019, 398 consecutive patients with de novo femoropopliteal lesions were treated using PTA in our hospital. The procedure success rate was compared among patients undergoing PTA with vs without scoring balloons after 1:1 propensity score matching on hemodialysis, TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus II classification, Peripheral Arterial Calcium Scoring System (PACSS) grade, lesion length, and use of intravascular ultrasound. Propensity matching produced 84 patients (mean age 73.4±8.3; 65 men) treated with scoring balloons and 84 patients (mean age 75.6±8.7; 56 men) treated with plain balloons. Kaplan-Meier analysis investigated patency after the procedure in both groups; estimates are given with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Residual stenosis <30% was achieved more often (77.4% vs 57.1%, p=0.005) and severe arterial dissection occurred less frequently (16.7% vs 29.8%, p=0.043) in the scoring balloon group vs the plain balloon group, respectively. The rate of provisional stenting was significantly lower after scoring balloon use (13.3% vs 29.8%, p=0.008). Multivariable analysis revealed that use of scoring balloons (p<0.001) and prolonged inflation time (p<0.001) were independent predictors of successful angioplasty, whereas chronic total occlusion (p=0.005) and longer lesion length (p=0.005) were predictors of an unsuccessful procedure. Among 108 patients with PACSS 0–3 lesions in the matched population, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed better primary patency at 18 months in the scoring balloon group in the intention to treat analysis [68.6% (95% CI 53.5% to 80.6%) vs 43.0% (95% CI 28.7% to 58.5%), p=0.044]. Conclusion: Scoring balloons may be effective in restoring acute lumen gain and preventing severe arterial dissection in femoropopliteal lesions. Moreover, scoring balloons might be associated with better primary patency at 18 months in PACSS 0–3 lesions.
Screening of Long Noncoding RNAs Induced by Radiation Using Microarray
Authors: Wang Yilong , Wang Qi , Chen Shuangjing , Hu Yingchun , Yu Chang , Liu Ruixue , Wang Zhidong
Published: April 2020

DNA damage repair and G2/M arrest are the key factors regulating the survival of cancer cells exposed to radiation. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a variety of biological processes, including DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and epigenetic regulation. However, the knowledge about the genome scale of lncRNAs and their potential biological functions in tumor cells exposed to radiation are still unclear. In this study, we used LncRNA + mRNA Human Gene Expression Microarray V4.0 to profile lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) from HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cells after irradiation with 4 Gy of γ-radiation. We identified 230, 227, and 274 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 150, 214, and 274 differentially expressed mRNAs in HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cells, respectively, among which there are 14 common differentially expressed lncRNAs and 22 common differentially expressed mRNAs in all of the 3 cell lines. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that these differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly associated with cell cycle. Further, we also predicted the target genes and functions of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Our study on lncRNAs has greatly expanded the field of gene research in the relationship of radiation, cell cycle, and DNA damage.
Perceiving a Lack of Social Justice: Lower Class Individuals Apply Higher Moral Standards to Others
Authors: Wang Xue , Chen Zhansheng , Poon Kai-Tak , Jiang Tonglin
Published: April 2020

Four studies ( N = 1,151) examined whether people with lower subjective social classes would be more likely to apply higher moral standards to others than to themselves. With participants from mainland China, Hong Kong, and the United States, we found that people of lower measured or manipulated subjective social classes accepted others’ hypothetical transgressions less than their own transgressions (Studies 1 and 4), and they claimed others should allocate more money to their partners in a dictator game than they themselves did (Studies 2 and 3). This effect was mediated by perceived injustice (Study 3) and eliminated when the perceived social justice was boosted (Study 4). Higher class individuals did not show such discrepant self–other moral standards. A mini meta-analysis validates the reliability of the findings that only lower class individuals demonstrate double moral standards. Therefore, lower class individuals may increase moral requirements on others as a reaction to their perceived unjust disadvantages.
God Values the Lives of My Out-Group More Than I Do: Evidence From Fiji and Israel
Authors: Pasek Michael H. , Shackleford Crystal , Smith Julia M. , Vishkin Allon , Lehner Anne , Ginges Jeremy
Published: April 2020

Does God want people to favor coreligionists or to treat in-group and out-group members equally? To test people’s beliefs about God’s moral preferences, we conducted three preregistered studies. Study 1 was a field study with Christian and Muslim Fijians ( N = 188). Study 2 was an online study with Jewish Israelis ( N = 384). Study 3 was a field study with Christian and Hindu Fijians ( N = 539). Across studies, participants indicated whether an in-group member should sacrifice his life to save five in-group members (in one dilemma) or out-group members (in a second dilemma). For each dilemma, they then indicated what God would prefer. Participants believed that, compared with themselves, God would more strongly approve of an in-group member saving out-group members. Results generalize results from previous studies with Muslim Palestinians, providing cross-cultural evidence that religious believers think God prefers more universal moral reasoning than they do themselves.
Multi-objective trajectory optimization in planning for sequential activities across space and through time
Authors: Feng Xin , Wang Shaohua , Murray Alan T , Cao Yuanpei , Gao Song
Published: April 2020

Human movement and interaction across space and through time is full of economic and social opportunities. Access to information through location-based technologies offers potential for people to make better decisions about social activity participation needs and travel behavior preferences. Identifying an optimal trajectory (route) connecting desired activity locations for multiple attendees with space–time constraints is a challenging endeavor. This spatial organization task is formulated mathematically as a sequential, multi-objective optimization model. A framework consisting of context knowledge, geographic information systems, and spatial optimization is structured to solve this model, allowing for the integration of geographical and social networking considerations. The proposed approach offers a way to balance the tradeoffs of many participants, enabling explicit consideration of travel cost, personal preference, quality rating, etc. in activity planning and decision making. A case study is detailed involving the organization of multiple activities and multiple individuals. The application results highlight the utility and insight of the proposed model and associated solution approaches.
Differences between intentional and accidental ingestion of foreign body in China
Authors: Zong Ye , Zhao Haiying , Sun Can , Ji Ming , Wu Yongdong , Zhang Shutian , Wang Yongjun
Published: April 2020

Backgrounds

Previous reports of foreign-body ingestion focused primarily on accidental ingestion and very few studies focused on intentional ingestion of foreign body (FB) in China. Our study aimed to compare the prevalence of different age, gender, types, locations and management of FB ingested between intentional ingestion and accidental ingestion of FB in Northern China.

Methods

A retrospective case series studied all patients with suspected FB ingestion in Digestive Endoscopy Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, between January 2011 and January 2019. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A included the patients who intentionally ingested FBs, and Group B included the patients who accidentally ingested FBs. Patients’ database (demographics, past medical history, characteristics of FB, endoscopic findings and treatments) were reviewed. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software.

Results

Group A consisted of 77 prisoners, 2 suspects and 11 psychologically disabled persons. Group B consisted of 1020 patients with no prisoners, suspects or psychologically disabled persons. In Group A, there were no food-related foreign bodies, and the majority of FBs were metallic objects (54.44%). However in Group B, food-related FBs were the most common (91.37%). In Group A, 58 cases (64.44%) were located in the stomach, while in Group B, 893 cases (87.55%) were located in the esophagus (P < 0.05). 1096 patients successfully underwent endoscopic removal and 14 failed, including 9 cases in Group A and 5 cases in Group B. The duration of FBs impaction was longer in Group A than that in Group B (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In our study, the patients who intentionally ingested FB were mainly prisoners, FBs were mostly sharp metallic objects, the duration of FBs impaction was longer, and the rate of successful endoscopic treatment was lower than that of the general population. Attention should be focused on these patients.
Predictors of advanced fibrosis in elderly patients with biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the GOASIA study
Authors: Pitisuttithum Panyavee , Chan Wah Kheong , Piyachaturawat Panida , Imajo Kento , Nakajima Atsushi , Seki Yosuke , Kasama Kazunori , Kakizaki Satoru , Fan Jian Gao , Song Myeong Jun , Yoon Seung Kew , Dan Yock Young , Lesmana Laurentius , Ho Khek Yu , Goh Khean Lee , Wong Vincent Wai Sun , Treeprasertsuk Sombat
Published: April 2020

Background

The Gut and Obesity in Asia (GOASIA) Workgroup was formed to study obesity and gastrointestinal diseases in the Asia Pacific region. We aimed to 1) compare the characteristics of elderly (i.e. age ≥ 60) vs. non-elderly patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); 2) identify predictors of advanced fibrosis in elderly patients with NAFLD; and 3) assess the performance of non-invasive fibrosis scores in the prediction of advance fibrosis in the elderly population.

Methods

We abstracted the data of 1008 patients with NAFLD from nine centers across eight countries. Characteristics of elderly and non-elderly patients with NAFLD were compared using 1:3 sex-matched analysis.

Results

Of the 1008 patients, 175 were elderly [age 64 (62–67) years], who were matched with 525 non-elderly patients [46 (36–54) years]. Elderly patients were more likely to have advanced fibrosis (35.4% vs. 13.3%; p < 0.001). By multivariable analysis, factors associated with advanced fibrosis in elderly patients included female sex [odds ratio (OR) 3.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–7.54] and hypertension (OR 3.68; 95%CI 1.11–12.23). The area under receiver-operating characteristics curve (95% CI) of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, NAFLD fibrosis score and Fibrosis-4 index for predicting advanced fibrosis in elderly patients were 0.62 (0.52–0.72), 0.65 (0.55–0.75) and 0.64 (0.54–0.74) respectively.

Conclusions

Elderly patients with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of advanced fibrosis than non-elderly patients. Female and hypertension were predicting factors for advanced fibrosis in the elderly. Non-invasive fibrosis scores had a lower specificity in elderly.
The association between iodine intake and semen quality among fertile men in China
Authors: Sun Yu , Chen Chen , Liu Gordon G. , Wang Meijiao , Shi Cuige , Yu Ge , Lv Fang , Wang Ning , Zhang Shucheng
Published: April 2020

Background

Iodine intake is essential in the production of thyroid hormone but very few foods are rich in it. Iodine deficiency or excess iodine level may both lead to thyroid disorders, which further affects human fertility function. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between iodine intake and seminal parameters among fertile men in China.

Methods

A total of 1098 couples were recruited by trained physicians at different family planning service stations in 2015. Semen and iodine samples were obtained from male respondents. A questionnaire survey inquired about demographic information from couples. The main outcome variables of semen quality were semen volume, semen concentration, semen motility, and sperm count, and time to pregnancy. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was used to measure iodine levels for male respondents. Ordinary least squared regressions and logistic regressions were performed to estimate the association between iodine intake level and semen quality parameters.

Results

Male respondents with deficient or excess iodine levels had a 5% higher semen volume relative to those with optimal iodine intake (p < 0.1). Suboptimal iodine intake was negatively associated with semen concentration and semen counts (p < 0.01). Longer time of pregnancy was observed in iodine deficiency and excess group than those in the optimal group (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

In general, iodine deficiency and excess were both associated with decreasing semen quality parameters in male respondents.