bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ANATOMI DAUN, BATANG, DAN AKAR TANAMAN Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce
Authors: Sari Julia Madu , Turnip Masnur , Zakiah Zulfa
Published: June 2023

Pertumbuhan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi oleh air yang tersedia pada tempat tumbuhnya. Ketersediaan air dalam sel-sel tumbuhan akan memengaruhi struktur anatominya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap karakteristik struktur anatomi akar, batang, dan daun Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Juli 2020. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 taraf perlakuan yang terdiri atas kontrol, cekaman kekeringan 5, 10, 15 dan 20 hari. Preparat sayatan organ batang dibuat dengan menggunakan metode tanpa paraffin. Preparat sayatan organ daun dan akar dibuat dengan menggunakan metode parafin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap ketebalan jaringan epidermis dan jaringan mesofil daun serta ketebalan jaringan epidermis batang. Cekaman kekeringan mengakibatkan peningkatan ukuran ketebalan jaringan epidermis daun dan batang pada perlakuan cekaman kekeringan 20 hari, yaitu secara berturut-turut 30 µm dan 93,51 µm, dibanding dengan perlakuan kontrol, yaitu secara berturut-turut, 24 µm dan 37,67 µm. Ketebalan jaringan mesofil pada organ daun pada perlakuan cekaman 20 hari lebih kecil (218 µm) dibanding dengan perlakuan kontrol (481 µm). Cekaman kekeringan menyebabkan terjadinya pengerutan hingga kerusakan sel-sel jaringan mesofil dan terbentuknya rongga antar sel pada jaringan korteks akar.
Analysis of optimization strategy of internal control financial audit under the background of accounting computerization
Authors: Zhang Kaiqi
Published: June 2023

In the popularization of the theory of computerization technology in China, the internal audit of the enterprise has become more and more convenient. Especially in the era of big data, China's computer technology theory research results are more and more, enterprise internal control and financial audit application of accounting computerized management mode is more and more mature, can not only ensure the integrity and authenticity of information data, but also on a certain basis to standardize enterprise computerized management standards. Therefore, after understanding the relationship between enterprise internal control financial audit and accounting computerization, based on the existing problems of enterprise internal control financial audit under the background of accounting computerization, I mainly explored the current accounting computerization system architecture applied in enterprise construction, and proposed the optimization strategy of enterprise internal control financial audit from the perspective of long-term development. In order to change the current situation of enterprise internal control financial audit.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FARMS FROM AREAS WITH PARTICULAR RISK OF WIND EROSION IN POLAND AS A SOURCE OF PUBLIC GOODS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU CAP
Authors: Zieliński Marek
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study is to characterize agriculture, including the assessment of its economic situation in areas (municipalities) of varying saturation with utilized agricultural area (UAA) particularly at risk of wind erosion in Poland, and to determine the factors that influence the willingness to better adapt to existing difficulties through the implementation of selected measures under the Common Agricultural Policy 2014-2020 (CAP 2014-2020). We are talking here about the agri-environment-climate measure (AECM) and organic farming measure, which, by improving the condition of agricultural soils, are able to simultaneously guarantee the society many public goods related to better protection of the natural environment. For the purposes of the study, data from the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute in Puawy and the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture, as well as data from farms continuously keeping accounts for the Polish FADN in 2019-2021 were used. A logistic regression model was used to indicate the factors that were statistically significant in order to farmers from municipalities with an exceptionally high share of agricultural land particularly at risk of wind erosion, decided to participate in the AECM and/or organic farming measure. Based on this model, it was established that in these municipalities important factors of greater willingness to implement them concerned lower income cleared of operating subsidies per 1 ha of UAA, the farmers higher level of education, the presence of other farms participating in them in the immediate vicinity, as well as a larger area of UAA and location in Natura 2000 areas.
CONSEQUENCES OF UNLAWFUL USE OF AIRSPACE BY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
Authors: Kubas Sabina
Published: June 2023

The use of airspace by unmanned aerial vehicles is associated with the need to adapt to an increasing number of legal regulations. International and Polish regulations introduce legal consequences, but also administrative and technical ones, which prevent the operation of UAVs. Therefore, the analysis and interpretation of prohibited acts related to the use of UAVs, as well as the sanctions provided for by the regulations, seemed appropriate. The jurisprudence of judicial authorities is also of great importance, as it indicates how legal regulations should be understood, as well as what types of sanctions should be applied so that they bring a result proportionate to the previously committed unlawful act.
THE PASSAGE OF TIME AND GUARANTEES OF COMPLIANCE WITH PROCEDURAL STANDARDS IN THE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
Authors: Śladkowska Ewa
Published: June 2023

The issue of the passage of time and its impact on an administrative act is extremely important for administrative law. This issue is related to the durability of an administrative decision, which a public administration defines the rights and obligations of individual entities in specific cases. In the doctrine of administrative law, the concept of correct decision is adopted as a decision that meets all the conditions required by law, including that it was issued in compliance with procedural standards. Compliance with the rules of procedural law is guaranteed by the institution of reopening administrative proceedings, the structure of which is based on procedural and substantive deadlines. Procedural deadlines, which determine the possibility of initiating the proceedings itself, and substantive deadlines, which condition the elimination from the legal market of a final decision issued in violation of procedural law norms. The article presents the problems of the indicated terms and problems related to them.
MEDIATION SETTLEMENT FOR CLAIMS NOT COVERED BY THE SUBJECT MATTER OF DISPUTE COMMENTS IN THE LIGHT OF AMENDMENTS TO THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE OF MARCH 9, 2023.
Authors: Dolniak Patrycja
Published: June 2023

The admissibility of concluding a settlement in mediation in a case referred by the court for claims not covered by a lawsuit has raised disputes in case law and judicature. The legislator aimed to solve this problem by allowing parties to include other cases in the settlement and therefore introduced amendments in Article 18313 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Unfortunately,the legislator, while providing the possibility of concluding a settlement in mediation in a scope broader than the subject of the dispute, completely disregarded the relation of the added regulation to other provisions, including Article 321 1 of the Civil Procedure Code and the issue of jurisdiction. The purpose of this publication is to analyze introduced changesfrom the point of view of the above-mentioned regulations and an attempt to find answers to the problems that arise. Work on the issue was justified by the importance of the topic forpractice and the need to refer to the introduced changes, which, in view of the passage of the law on March 9, 2023, have not yet been analyzed in the literature.
NATURE BASED INNOVATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOECONOMY
Authors: Maciejczak Mariusz
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of the article was to present the benefits and challenges related to the bioeconomy as a subsector of the economy, as well as the impact of the biological revolution on the bioeconomy. The market readiness of various nature-based innovations in agriculture was also assessed. The bioeconomy was found to be a right path to sustainable development, addressing social and environmental challenges while supporting economic growth. Thus, it determines a more resilient and resource-efficient development. Nature-based innovations harness the power of natures resilience, efficiency and adaptability to meet societal challenges in a sustainable way. These innovations offer promising economic solutions while increasing the protection of biodiversity and the health of ecosystems. Based on feedback from key stakeholders, the Garther Hype Cycle model was developed. The productivity phase is reached by those technologies and products that have managed to break out of their niche and gain widespread acceptance. In the analysis, this level was achieved by biological control and the use of beneficial microorganisms. Biological control in particular has been identified as a nature-based technology that dominates todays agriculture and will increase in importance in the future.
MODELS OF CASCADE APPLICATION OF STATUTORY NORMS IN POLISH INDIVIDUAL LABOUR LAW
Authors: Baran Krzysztof W.
Published: June 2023

The cascade application of statutory regulations in individual labour law consists in the subsidiary application of increasingly general statutory norms in order to define the legal status of the subjects of the individual employment relationship. In practice, in its widest understanding, it is applicable in official labour law. In the general employment relationship this mechanism consists in the subsidiary application of the Civil Code to the individual employment relationship.
EFFECTIVENESS OF WAIVER OF THE RIGHT TO APPEAL IN GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS WITH MULTIPLE PARTIES GLOSS TO THE JUDGMENT OF THE SUPREME ADMINISTRATIVE COURT OF 6 NOVEMBER 2020, II OSK 2674/20
Authors: Kosicki Tomasz
Published: June 2023

The judgment under review addressed to the problem of the effectiveness of a declaration of waiver of the right of appeal in general administrative proceedings which involve more than one party. The Supreme Administrative Court justly concluded that the above statement can only be deemed effective when it is made by all parties. It is only then that the effect materialises of the decision becoming final and legally binding. In the judgment in question, it was noted that if one of the parties to the proceedings is omitted and subsequently appeals while invoking its legal interest, the statements previously made by the party actually participating in the administrative proceedings are not effective and have no legal effect. The gloss focuses exclusively on the designated procedural institution, hence it omits consideration of the substantive law provisions applied.
PROTECTED PRODUCTSIN THE EUROPEAN UNION SELECTED ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors: Baer-Nawrocka Agnieszka , Filatova Anastasiya
Published: June 2023

The aim of the paper is to present the situation of the protected products market in the European Union in terms of their supply. To protect the names of specific products, their unique characteristics, and the traditional manufacture, a quality scheme with the following designations: Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), Geographical Indication (GI) and Traditional Specialty Guaranteed (TSG) was introduced in the European Union. EU databases such as eAmbrosia, GIview and European Commissions reports were used in this study. Recently available data and, to show changes, data for 2013-2023 were used. Conducting research proved the role of protected agri-food products is growing, both in terms of value and quantity. This may indicate that food producers are becoming more active in submitting products to the protected product system, which is also beneficial to consumers. However, there are large disparities among EU countries in terms of producers activity in registering products. Most of the agri-food products on the register of protected products come from southern Europe countries. The structure of registered agri-food products is dominated by vegetables and fruits, cheeses, and meat and meat products.
EFFECT OF WFH AND WORKLOAD ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH WORK RODUCTIVITY AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE (Study at PT NEO Pekanbaru)
Authors: Handayani Ayu Handayani , Padil Raja Padil , Mustaqim Haji Mustaqim
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to empirically prove the effect of Work From Home and Workload on Employee Performance Moderated by Work  Productivity. This research was conducted on employees of PT. Neo, Pekanbaru by using saturated sampling method with a total of 69 employees. This research method uses a quantitative approach using the SmartPLS version 3 software. The results of this study are work from home has an effect on work productivity, work from home has an effect on employee performance, workload has no significant effect on work productivity, workload has a significant effect on employee performance, work productivity can moderate the relationship between work from home and employee performance and Work productivity cannot moderate the relationship between workload and employee performance
Opplæring om, for eller gjennom likestilling?
Authors: Handal Marte
Published: June 2023

I artikkelen undersøkes og diskuteres likestillingsopplæring i samfunnskunnskap i videregående skole. Forskning på likestillingsopplæring er begrenset i norsk sammen­heng, og derfor har forskning på annen verdiopplæring, som demokratiopplæring, vært førende for undersøkelsen. Dimensjonene om, for og gjennom likestilling dannet utgangspunkt for en empirisk kasusstudie av likestillingsopplæring i en samfunnskunn­skapsklasse i videregående opplæring. Studien viser at hovedvekten av likestillings­opplæringen besto av opplæring om og for likestilling. Opplæring gjennom likestilling var fraværende i analysen. Fraværet av opplæring gjennom likestilling drøftes, og de tre dimensjonene framheves som nyttige verktøy både i undersøkelse av praksis og som opplæringsstrategi i verdiopplæringen.
A Comprehensive Review of the Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors of E. coli
Authors: Kademane Asha , Dixit Meenal , Vasundhara
Published: June 2023

Escherichia coli are very adaptable microbes that play a significant role in the typical gut microbiota of both humans and animals. This non-pathogenic commensal bacterium has the ability to acquire a variety of mobile genetic components that are comprehensive and include genes for virulence factors is a newly discovered human pathogen that may cause a wide range of extraintestinal and gastrointestinal illnesses. Nine distinct enteric E. coli pathotypes, which range from different gastrointestinal illnesses to infections of the urinary tract, have been thoroughly characterised. These collaboration use a variety of virulence factors and effectors that regulate their transmission and pathogenicity by disrupting the functioning of host cells. This article highlights recent advances in our knowledge of the many viruses linked to the genes that distinct external ecological of gastric harmful E. coli employ to trigger extraintestinal and digestive issues in people
Development of a New Algorithm for Classifying Cerebral Tumours Using MRI Images
Authors: Kaushik Pancholi Bhavna , Sevantilal Modi Pramodkumar , Gitesh Chitaliya Nehal
Published: June 2023

Healthcare scientists determined how MRI images have indeed been highly beneficial in latest times in the investigation of the recognition and early identification of a brain disease. The main primary stages in analysing the brain MRI pictures are image pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Among the crucial processes that can evaluate how well brain MRI scans can be classified and ultimately the condition it will indicate is feature extraction and segmentation. In this paper stage wise methods are described. In the first stage (pre-processing stage) different filters; like; median, wiener, anisotropic, non-local means as well as combined filters used. In the pre-processing part, combined wiener and anisotropic filter gives the best result. In the second stage (segmentation stage), multi-thresholding technique – cuckoo search algorithm used using different objective functions; like; ostu, kapur entropy, tsallis entropy and proposed. In the proposed method of the segmentation stage used cuckoo search algorithm using combined ostu and tsallis entopy as an objective function. In the third stage (feature extraction), discrete wavelet transform used and in the fourth stage (classification) support vector machine used. In each stage results are compared using different parameters and we got best output using proposed method
The Dimensions of the Best Interest of the Child in Albania
Authors: Lirëza Linert , Kume Andon
Published: June 2023

The principle of the best interest of the child is a fundamental principle in international and national law, which requires that in all actions concerning children, their best interests must be a primary consideration. Albania is still a patriarchal society, and traditional cultural norms and practices sometimes conflict with children's rights and welfare. The aim of this paper is to address the challenges related to cultural and social norms and to fully implement the principle in Albanian context. In Albania, this principle is enshrined in various legal instruments, including the Constitution, the Family Code, and the Law on the Protection of Children's Rights etc. As a result, the paper analyses the principal of best interest of the child in custody and guardianship cases, adoption proceedings, divorce process and child protection cases. In this context, the paper is focused in “Balancing the elements in the best-interests assessment”. However, despite these legal and institutional frameworks, Albania still faces challenges in fully implementing the principle of the best interest of the child. One of the main challenges is the lack of resources and capacities to adequately protect and promote children's rights, particularly for marginalized and vulnerable children. The COVID-19 pandemic has also exacerbated these challenges, with increased reports of child abuse and neglect. In these conditions, the paper presents appropriate recommendations in order to have full implementation of this principle in Albania.

 

Received: 4 January 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2023 / Published: 20 March 2023
The Impotence of the ‘Feminine’ EU in the Western Balkan Crises and the Future of Its Foreign - Security Policy
Authors: Tomja Alida , Dumani Alketa
Published: June 2023

The Western Balkan crises, including the cases of Bosnia, Srebrenica, and Kosovo, have highlighted the European Union's struggle to address the challenges posed by Serbian chauvinism and Russian interference in the region. Despite the EU's efforts, it has failed to effectively manage the crises, leading to continued instability and violence. In contrast, the United States and NATO played a critical role in resolving these conflicts and restoring peace and stability in the area. This study aims to analyze the reasons behind the EU's impotence in the Western Balkans, with a focus on the cases of Bosnia, Srebrenica, and Kosovo. Using a qualitative case study approach and a thematic analysis of primary and secondary sources, the study will identify the key factors that hindered the EU's ability to address these crises. In addition to examining past failures, the study will also explore potential solutions for policy-makers to improve the EU's foreign-security policy in the Western Balkans. Moreover, the study will emphasize the importance of collaboration between the EU, the United States, and NATO in addressing the complex challenges in this region. Overall, this study contributes to the existing literature on the Western Balkan crises and the EU's foreign-security policy. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the EU's limitations in addressing these conflicts, the study offers insights into potential avenues for improvement and collaboration in this crucial part of Europe.

 

Received: 22 January 2023 / Accepted: 22 February 2023 / Published: 20 March 2023
The Impact of Environmental Issues to Security in the Balkans
Authors: Lirëza Linert
Published: June 2023

Significant global and localized environmental threats may adversely impact human security in the Balkans. NATO has been addressing security challenges related to the environment for many years. The aim of this article is to identify environmental factors and the way how they affect in Balkan security. Water sources seem that create tension between states. From the other side, environmental pollution, including those that are linked to climate change can pose risks to energy security. As a result, the paper treats the necessary of regional cooperation in order to avoid potential conflicts and guarantee stability in Balkans.

 

Received: 14 January 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2023 / Published: 20 March 2023
Bootstrapping the Seasonal Means and the Overall Mean in Rainfall Time Series
Authors: Margo Zeqo Lorena , Milo Tasho Eljona , Kafazi Denisa
Published: June 2023

Several bootstrap methods have been studied nowadays for estimating the parameters in periodic data and it is important to consider the periodicity present in choosing the right bootstrap method. In this study we conducted a comparison of the performance of several block bootstrap methods designed for dependent data in the case of a real data time series with periodic structure such as the rainfall time series that is a time series with meteorological data collected monthly in a region in Albania. R programming language is used to perform the bootstrap and to obtain the results. We proposed a block bootstrap procedure in the case of estimating the seasonal means and the overall mean in the time series studied and based on the results obtained we notice a good performance of our proposed bootstrap procedure compared with other procedures considered.

 

Received: 12 January 2023 / Accepted: 16 March 2023 / Published: 20 March 2023
Albanian Assemblies and Odes in Conflict Resolution
Authors: Kamberi Mois
Published: June 2023

Throughout the historical developments of Albanians, the opinion has been encountered that Albanians have a tendency not to get along with each other. This opinion has been spread by historians, philosophers, writers and journalists of different countries, especially neighboring ones. Researchers from other countries, especially neighboring countries, have tried and are still trying to reason that "Albanians have a conflicting gene", that "Albanians' souls have been possessed by the demon of revenge that does not allow them to be understood" that "intolerance does not allow Albanians to reach an agreement" etc. These thoughts are dangerous, because they take on a political meaning and become systems of concepts and ideas with an aggressiveness to the point of racism for the purposes of divisions and conquests. The work aims to provide historical data on how Albanians, in order to resolve conflicts, have talked in chambers and convened in assemblies, forgiving the bloodshed when the homeland was in danger. The purpose of the paper is to show the historical tradition of the Albanians of the assembly, to put patriotic interests above everything else, in the war against the invader. The institutionalization of the assembly, the ode, has functioned as a circuit, radiating through waves, which expand and close within a new circuit, when the homeland is in danger. The documented geohistorical map of the extent of the assembly outlines the spatial and temporal lines, in the South and the North, but is more present in Northern Albania. Archival documents show that in the odes of the assemblies, where popular leaders gathered, they resolved conflicts, shed blood, and pledged allegiance in the war against the invader.

 

Received: 16 January 2023 / Accepted: 18 March 2023 / Published: 20 March 2023
Pulmonary Cancer
Authors: Zanaj Violeta , Vogli Klementina
Published: June 2023

Lung cancer is the biggest killer cancer in Europe and worldwide. The main cause of lung cancer is smoking but other causes are not excluded. Treatment of lung cancer is done with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The best method to prevent lung cancer is to stop smoking and see a doctor as soon as you have a problem. of the respiratory system, because many symptoms of lung cancer are the same as those of other broncho-pulmonary diseases.

 

Received: 15 January 2023 / Accepted: 18 March 2023 / Published: 20 March 2023
Etiology of Attention Deficit in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Role of Neuroscientific Literature Reviews
Authors: Kafia Elisabeta , Ibrahimi Silva , Ibrahimi Ervin
Published: June 2023

As mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) (APA, 2013), the main features of Autism Spectrum Disorder include (a) the presence of abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication, and (b) the presence of activities /interests/restricted and stereotyped behaviors (APA-DSM-5, 2013). Manifestations of the disorder vary based on the individual's developmental level (DL/IQ) and chronological age. In most cases, the diagnosis of ASD is accompanied by mental retardation, usually of moderate severity. About 75% of children with ASD show abnormalities in cognitive development regardless of the general level of intelligence (Armstrong, 2017; Shyman, 2016; Shic, & Scassellati, 2006).

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 19 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
How Much is Understood the Importance of Mental Health at Work?
Authors: Haxhiu Jonida , Troka Marvina
Published: June 2023

Mental health is considered a priority today all over the world; in terms of treatment and especially prevention. Studies also show that, year after year, mental health problems are becoming the cause of problems at work, absenteeism, disability, which, in addition to mental health, also affect productivity at work. For the realization of this study, a qualitative approach has been considered, in order to better understand such a problem, which has not been addressed often in our country. 6 focus groups were conducted: three in the private sector and three in the public sector. Each of them had 8-11 participants. The composition, in terms of sociodemographic variables, was diverse. The study showed that, in institutions, leaders and managers do not yet have the proper awareness to take care of the mental health of employees. Employees state that they cannot complain if they have such problems, that they cannot be absent from work for this reason and that, in general, elements such as relations between employees, etc., are not taken into consideration. No significant difference was observed in the comparison between the private and public sectors. This study brings attention to the need to focus on mental health at work, so that policy makers, managers and employees themselves appreciate its importance. A number of aspects are recommended to be taken into consideration, including division of labor based on skills and opportunities, fostering effective cooperation between employees, working conditions, etc.

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Labor Market in Albania: Overview, Components and Analysis
Authors: Prendi Llambi , Hadroi Artur , Prendi Klarida
Published: June 2023

The main part of the study is the assessment of the current situation of the labor market in Albania, focusing on the analysis of work structures as well as on the main problems faced by the employed, unemployed, and employers. Given the objectives of the main purpose of this paper, primary data were used through questionnaires carried out throughout Albania. To analyze the supply and demand of work, 400 individuals were surveyed on 16 enterprises and 100 private subjects of persons by means using the sea lection technique. Both parties interested in work find it difficult, on the one hand, job seekers find it difficult to find a place to work, and companies also declare that they find it very difficult to feel that they fit the requirements of the sector in which they operate. or that fit the objectives of the companies and their leaders. The results of this work will also be visible to guide scientific research for the determinationa of the instruments and paths that must be followed to verify the working hypotheses, formulated for different issues, and objects of study.

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Parliamentary Control and Investigative Commissions: Comparative View
Authors: Gera Anton , Gera Aurela
Published: June 2023

The Constitution of the Republic of Albania in its basic principles defines that sovereignty belongs to the people, to all citizens. The people exercise their sovereignty in the ways and within the limits provided by the Constitution itself. One of the most important ways of expressing popular sovereignty is the election of members of the Assembly. So, citizens participate in the governance of Res Publica through their representatives. Parliament structurally consists of one chamber and is a central institution in our constitutional system. In addition to the representative function, it performs the legislative function and the control function. Parliamentary control over the Government is concretized in several institutions of parliamentary law and aims to highlight its political responsibility towards the Assembly. For the sake of truth, it should be emphasized that it makes sense to talk about parliamentary control only for the period of political pluralism because before this period the Parliament executed the party-State directives. The government, in parliamentary republics, answers to the Parliament for its activity because it is inextricably linked to the vote of confidence it receives from it. One of the most important tools to oversee the Government's activity is the establishment of Investigative Commissions. These Commissions aim to guarantee the transparency and responsibility of the activity of the Government supported by the parliamentary majority.

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
The Orientation of Ahmet Zogu's Foreign Policy as King During the Years 1929-1939
Authors: Xhaferri Manjola
Published: June 2023

The paper "Orientation of the Foreign Policy of King Ahmet Zogu" aims to shed light on the history of Albania's foreign policy for almost 10 years. The years 1928-1939 in the history of Albania are already personified as the period of King Zog. The influence of the personality and the way of governance during this period has left a significant mark on the history of Albania, diplomatic relations and foreign policy. He exercised the legitimacy of his power through the Status of the Albanian Kingdom, a period during which relations with neighbouring countries were intensified in all economic, political, military, cultural aspects, etc., historical facts intertwined with internal political and economic aspects development. The importance of this period is reflected by numerous studies, often in disagreement with each other this is the reason for carrying out this study, which brings innovation by focusing mainly on foreign policy in the light of historical facts and being part of many studies of this period. This is a historical period with significant national and international developments in the history of Albania. In the form of governance, the change in the form of organization and constitutional changes is of particular interest while in terms of foreign policy, the diplomatic and political-economic impact of the Great Powers of Europe on the Albanian state is analyzed, as well as Albania's relations with its neighbours and other countries under the leadership of Ahmet Zogut, King of Albania. The whole paper is based on a historical, political and economic analysis based on historical sources and archival materials of the period 1928-1939.

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Criminal Offense Against Life Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Fekolli Saimir , Ganaj Francesk , Belishta Ernald
Published: June 2023

Criminal offenses against life represent the archetype of criminal offenses which have historically been characterized by the most highest punishment measures. The existence of legal norms which aim to protect life, in another view, oppose the "homo homini lupus" postulate. The reason why legislators, including the Albanians one, give special legal protection to life, focus in the fact that all other rights are its derivatives, in the absence of which they lose to act. However, despite the principle that "it is forbidden to kill" except in cases where there are justifying reasons (necessary protection, extreme need, exercing of a legal duty), the Albanian legislator, through the incriminating norms, has provided specific figures of criminal offenses which the group object of have the same, but due to the special relationship they aim to protect, they are categorized into special forms or special figures of criminal offenses.

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
HOMICIDES WITHIN FAMILY, AS A SERIOUS CRIME THREATENING OUR FAMILIES, IN THE EYES OF YOUNG PEOPLE TODAY
Authors: Cenaj Enkeleda
Published: June 2023

The long lasting transition period of the albanian society has affected all social institutions, facing them with a wide range of new-old social phenomena. Family, as one of the most important social institutions, nowadays, is being faced with a wide range of social issues, domestic violence as one of the most concerning between them. Figures show that there is a daunting rise in domestic violence cases from year to year. In this paper, our main focus relies on homicide crimes within family, as the most frightening end of domestic violence. The purpose of this paper is to explore young people’s thoughts on this concerning issue that is happening within our families. How do young people see this phenomenon? What could be, according to them, the causes that lead someone to the point of taking away a family member’s life? Why are women the main victims of such horrible crimes? To explore young people thoughts on this matter, 30 semi-structured interviews with students of the Faculty of Education, Aleksander Moisiu University, Durrës and Social Sciences Faculty, Tirana University, were conducted. From the interviews, it results that the main factors that contribute to the increase of homicide crimes within families are considered: Increased difficulties and uncertainties in coping with everydaylife; Lack of protective and punitive force of the law; Families no longer have the sanctity and the role it has had in the past; It seems that all family members are endangered by this crime, although figures indicate that women (in particular) are more at risk. Patriarchal mentality is thought to be one of the major factors contributing to this fact. From the interview results it turns out that: jealousy is the main cause that can spur a man to kill his wife, in the other hand, violence against her or her children can spur a wife to kill her husband. On the other hand, if a parent kills his child, he should be suffering from a mental problem.
PRESENT DAY MOVEMENTS OF THE EXTERNAL ALBANIDES, BASED ON GPS DATA, IN RELATION TO THE REGIONAL GEODYNAMICS
Authors: KOÇI Rexhep , DUSHI Edmond , BOZO Rezart , BEGU Enkela , MESONJESI Agim , GJUZI Olgert
Published: June 2023

From the geological point of view, Albanides are part of the folded Mediterranean Alpin belt. It extends to the south in Dinarides and Helenides, along the eastern coasts of the Adriatic and Ionian Sea. From this region further east, through the Aegean Sea, they contionues in Taurides. As the whole, these units are associated in the Dinarides-Albanides-Helenides-Taurides arc. Its western outline takes place in a confrontation againts the Adria micro plate. Nowadays, the movement of the Adria micro plate is crucial to through light into the geodynamic evolution, stress build mechanism and consequently strain accommodation in the western folded flank of the Dinarides-Albanides-Helenides-Taurides chain as well as the whole Mediterranean. After the GPS deployment in Southeastern Europe, aiming the monitoring of the geodynamic movements along the Adria conturs against the African and Eurasia major plates, a number of 6 permanet GPS stations were also deployed in Albania within the Nato “Science for Peace” program. Furthemore, a network of repeated stations was built, during a 6 years period, starting from the year 2000. Based on Albanian GNSS data the overall geodynamics of the Albanian crust and the surrounding region is pointed out. This paper aims to describe these results within the most comprehensive description of the local and regional tectonics.
PRIVATE PENSION FUNDS CHALLENGE FOR THE PENSION SYSTEM REFORM IN ALBANIA
Authors: DUÇI Ejona , TARAKU Elfrida
Published: June 2023

The object of this study is the analysis of private pension funds and the challenges for the reform of the pension system in Albania after the fall of the communist system, the progress of its most important indicators, the reforms undertaken in the system of private pension funds. Of course, after this analysis naturally emerging problems and further reforms that need to be made to the system in order to maintain its financial sustainability, good administration, etc. The Private Pension Fund is a saving tool designed for additional income when retiring. Among the main factors affecting pension funds are the legal and regulatory framework, prudent investment policies, time span (investment time extension) and public transparency and credibility.
DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING REGULATION IN MONTENEGRO - FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS AND THE REPORTING NEEDS OF SMEs
Authors: TOMASEVIC Ivana , DJUROVIC Sandra
Published: June 2023

The paper discusses development of accounting regulation in Montenegro by introduction of International Standards for Financial Reporting and how this standardization effects the economy and SME’s performance. In 2015 International Accounting Standards Board issued International Standards for Financial Reporting (ISFR) for small medium enterprises (SMEs) which introduced few changes in reporting needs of SMEs. Changes that were introduced lessened the reporting needs for SMEs however new ISFR for SMEs were not introduced in Montenegro. The aim of this paper is to discuss how current standards supported by national legislation are affecting Montenegro as transition economy and if this standardization is enhancing the development of SME sector. Based on qualitative research and interview with executives of 150 SMEs in Montenegro we will present how standards are applied in practice and if they have increased the quality of reporting for SMEs.
THE PARADOX OF NATIONAL SECURITY CRISES
Authors: ZEKAJ Valbona
Published: June 2023

Debate on size, dangers, and exit from the crisis has engaged not only domestic and international politicians, but also public opinion and especially analysts everywhere in television studios. The debate arena has recently also affected crisis reports with national security. Currently in these debates dominates the thesis that the crisis is not related to national security and it is simply in the contours of domestic political developments. Indeed, although rich in domestic crises, again there is a vacuum in the analysis of crises and their impact over the last 25 years. And the lack of political and academic analysis always leads us to the starting point. The idea of his article is that the crises have a direct impact on national security, in all aspects of the concept itself. Below we try to bring a discussion about the link between crisis and national security.
SHKUMBINI RIVER AT THE ENDING FLOW THE RROGOZHINA BRIDGE - RIVERMOUTH, DEGRADATION AND PROTECTION
Authors: Lushaj Sherif , Muharremaj Vezir
Published: June 2023

Shkumbini is among the greatest rivers of the country, with a length of 181 km and the surface of the watershed up to the spill 2464 km2. In the plain area of lbasan, the riverbed is extended up to the vicinity of Rogozhina, where in the last 40 kilometers it flows in a flat area. Just in the ending flow, at the segment from Rogozhina to the rivermouth, are identified the biggest problems of flooding, river erosion, damage of engineering works and embankments, forest cover, massive exploitation and without criteria of inert materials (sand and gravel mining) over a period of almost 30 years, coastal erosion, change of position to the river mouth. Also, the river transports contaminated materials and pollutants (urban wastes) from the former Metallurgical Combine. A spreading phenomenon is the salting up of soils and river water in the last 5 km with salt content 2- 4 times higher than allowed limits. Near the river mouth the sulphate content in the soil varies from 30 to 147 mg/kg and the dry residue, chlorine (CL) and sodium (Na) are above the permissible limits. In this presentation will be presented the characteristics of the river in the ending segment (from Rogozhina to the river mouth), characterized by high erosion of riverbanks, environmental and degradation problems, environmental and economic impacts, surfaces and points of flooding where the water stands for 1-10 days in the Cermes, Sulzotaj area and river mouth, also due to the poor operation of the drainage network and demolition of embankments, as well as of insufficient measures for the rehabilitation of damages and protection. In the ending part of the Shkumbini watershed, ecological and morphological balances have been destroyed due to the misuse of the sand and gravel from the riverbed, the lack of sediment transport for the protection of the coastal line from erosion, the water near the rivermouth with high salt content that is not suitable for irrigation.
INFLUENCE OF ROAD NETWORK STRUCTURE AND MOBILITY FLOWS ON THE SCALE OF TRAFIC FATALITIES
Authors: Hima Drita
Published: June 2023

This paper is adapted from the literature (EWGT 2012 -Kazimierz Jamroz * - 15th meeting of the EURO Working Group on Transportation), according to the EU guidelines for getting "Best Practice" as a guide material to be used in the opening of the horizon in the Road Safety Study related to the description of the effect of selecting the "Road Network Structure", which should be the basis of "policy making" for defining the National Plan of Infrastructure Development of the Road Network of Albania, the change in "Mobility Flows" defined in the National Transport Plan, and the "Death at Traffic Accidents" (VAT) scale. The conclusions of this article are based on the study data of a number of countries around the world and therefore have a general value over which it has become possible to develop some non-linear factors analysis models that help identify these effects and make a decision Strategic Seas required for: Economic Development of the Country, Predicted Road Network Systems, Motorization Rate (1000 Population Vehicles), and Infrastructure Development . We have to bear in mind that the 2010 "White Paper" of the EU Commission for the EU Road Safety Objectives for 2020 as the main objective is foreseeing the halving of "Mortality in Traffic Accidents". The same objective has been set in the "National Road Safety Plan 2011-2020" for our country. Through this reference we do not want to show that we have done science, but we want to recommend a good scientific direction, demonstrated in an international forum, the 15th meeting of the EURO Working Group on Transportation, to be used as a good experience the studies of this field and our country.
PNEUMONIA, NURSING CARE IN PATIENTS WITH PNEUMONIA
Authors: Zanaj Violeta , Tusha Arben , Vogli Klementina
Published: June 2023

Pneumonia is a disease of the respiratory system. It presents as an inflammatory process of lung parenchyma resulting in edema of the internal lung tissue and extravasation of alveolar fluid. Drawing on its anatomically constituent components it is also called pneumonia, eg lobar pneumonia, segmental to bilateral or bronchopneumonia. In general its etiological factors are bacteria to fungal viruses to non-infectious ones such as: inhalation of toxic gases, chemicals, smoking.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF AEROSOLS IN SOLAR PANELS
Authors: Sofiu Vehebi
Published: June 2023

The continuous demands for electricity, the fulfillment of standards in relevance with European directives have fostered Kosovo to think seriously about the use of alternative energies. The study of this study presents the effect of aerosols on the potential of solar panels in the production of electricity from solar energy. Changing the solar radiation that comes to the ground during unclear clean days is a good indicator concerning the efficiency of energy conversion. Assessing the level of concentration in aerosol concentrations from sunlight into the atmosphere is done by looking at the solar energy in the time unit and in the surface unit after the last rain when aerosol smog’s are present at this time. This paper is primarily focused to scrutinize the impact of climate conditions on the general pollution on the surface of solar panels, the efficient use of solar energy with mathematical modeling, the geographic possibilities of installing solar plants without any other impact of CO2 and aerosol smog’s, which can contribute sensitive to the security of power supply and solar thermal energy in an energy system for certain localities. Consequently, in this research we have come up to a conclusion that with the fall of rain the concentration of aerosol present at the surface of the solar panels are diminished at a large extent and the days after rain there is witnessed an increase in concentration of polluting particles which leads to reducing the efficiency of the sun's rays coming to the surface of solar panels.
THE EDUCATION HISTORY IN THE WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: SOTA Jani , AHMETI Novruz
Published: June 2023

Education is one of the most important field of each society and each system. Through the school, societies and nations transmit to their members, knowledge, culture, history heritage and values through which the society advances. Education is one of the fields that not only precede the society but it is influenced by it and social changes. The fact that education systems are in permanent change shows no instability, on the contrary they serve to adopt to the society changes. As it has happened even at the system of the developed western countries the frequent changes made to the XX century time span have indicated that the school has tried to fit as much as possible to the social changes in Austria, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Russia and to the other global countries. These changes by not being studied and also made in a not very favorable environment of education system in Western Europe, influenced regarding to the content and differentiation. Schools in this period of study became political issues of a special importance - at on hand, the community became a reliable factor in the formation of school’s system - on the other hand it influenced above all in the increase of the demands for elementary education. By taking into consideration the Western development of education, we cannot stay without bringing up their influence not only in the education system model of our country but to the infrastructure too and schools environment in the XX century time span.