bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF THE JUDICIAL PROCEDURE AND THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Круглова Юлия Борисовна , Мисякова Оксана Викторовна
Published: November 2021

The article discusses contemporary problems of developing constitutional principles of improving judicial procedures in the Russian Federation and the influence of constitutional principles on judicial proceedings.
Oppilaiden yksilöllistä kehittymistä tukevat ja estävät käytänteet yhdessä pääkaupunkiseudun yläkoulussa
Authors: Luoma Tiina
Published: November 2021

Vaikka Suomen suurimmissa kaupungeissa koulut ovat alkaneet eriytyä, aiheeseen liittyvää koulu- ja luokkahuonetason tutkimusta on tehty vain vähän. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan, miten yleisopetuksen rinnalla painotettua opetusta tarjoavan koulun käytänteet tukevat tai estävät oppilaiden oikeutta yksilölliseen kehittymiseen, joka on yksi sosiologi Basil Bernsteinin kolmesta pedagogisesta oikeudesta. Etnografinen aineisto on tuotettu yläkoulussa, joka sijaitsee pääkaupunkiseudulla matalan sosioekonomisen tason alueella. Aineisto muodostuu 40 kenttäpäivän havainnointimuistiinpanoista sekä 24 oppilaan ja 14 koulun aikuisen haastatteluista. Aineiston perusteella oppilaiden ja aikuisten väliset avoimet vuorovaikutussuhteet sekä reflektoinnin mahdollistava opetus tukevat oppilaiden yksilöllistä kehittymistä. Aineiston mukaan painotetun opetuksen ja yleisopetuksen oppilaista puhutaan, heitä puhutellaan ja heidän käytöstään kontrolloidaan eri tavoin. Haastatellut kertovat myös vähemmistötaustaisia oppilaita syrjivistä käytänteistä. Tällaisten erojen tiedostaminen on tärkeää, kun puhutaan oppilaiden mahdollisuuksista oppimiseen, itseluottamuksen vahvistamiseen ja yksilölliseen kehittymiseen.
Tavoitteena ehyt ja tasa-arvoinen kansa
Authors: Rantala Tuomas
Published: November 2021

Maailmansotien välisenä aikana Suomen suurin porvarillinen puolue oli Maalaisliitto. Yksi liiton johtajista oli J. E. Sunila (1875–1936), joka toimi muun muassa kahdesti pääministerinä ja kolmesti maatalousministerinä. Siviilitoimeltaan Sunila oli maataloushallituksen ylijohtaja, mutta uransa aikana hän toimi myös useissa eri opettajan tehtävissä niin kansanopistossa kuin yliopistossakin. Aikajänne artikkelissa ulottuu 1890-luvun lopulta 1930-luvulle saakka. Pyrin artikkelissa sijoittamaan Sunilan kasvatusajattelun osaksi laajempaa kontekstia ja selvittämään, miten se omalta osaltaan kytkeytyi osaksi niitä ajattelumalleja, jotka pyrkivät etsimään kultaista keskitietä kapitalismin ja sosialismin välillä. Sunila oli eri rooleissaan hyvin keskeinen vaikuttaja vasta itsenäistyneessä agraarisessa maassa, joka oli kokenut sisällissodan. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelen, millaisia keinoja käyttäen Sunila näki olojen vakiintuvan ja kansan kahtiajaon vähenevän. Tuon esiin Sunilan ajattelun juuret ja miten hänen ajattelunsa vuosien saatossa muuttui. Tarkastelen sitä, miten Sunila näki maatalouden ja demokratian välisen yhteyden ja millaisilla kasvatuksellisilla keinoilla tätä yhteyttä pyrittiin vahvistamaan. Sunila korosti maatalouden merkitystä rauhallisen mielialan luojana ja näin myös kansanvallan turvaajana.
Tosi-isänmaallisuuden ja kansainvälisyyden puolesta
Authors: Ojajärvi Rony
Published: November 2021

Kouluopetuksen oppisisällöt olivat keino vahvistaa oppilaiden isänmaallisuutta Suomessa. Silti kansallisuusaatetta ei hyväksytty aina luonnolliseksi osaksi kouluopetusta. Tässä artikkelissa selvitän Pohjoismaisten opettajien rauhanliittoon osallistuneiden suomalaisten opettajien toimintaa ja pedagogista ajattelua. Selvitän, miten liiton suomalaiset opettajat näkivät nationalismin ja kansainvälisyyden suhteen heidän rauhankasvatuksellisissa näkemyksissään 1920-luvulla. Lisäksi vastaan siihen, minkälaisen vastaanoton Pohjoismaisten opettajien rauhanliitto sai Suomessa. Arvioin, miten kasvava nationalismin suosio vaikutti liitossa toimineiden suomalaisten opettajien ajatteluun. Tutkimalla liitossa vaikuttaneiden opettajien ajattelua diskurssianalyysilla ja toimintaa kvalitatiivisella verkostoanalyysilla osoitan, että opettajat kyseenalaistivat nationalismin valta-asemaa koulujärjestelmässä verkostoitumalla muiden Pohjoismaiden opettajien kanssa. Lisäksi he loivat tulkintakehikon, jossa nationalismin ja kansainvälisyyden nähtiin tukevan toisiaan. Siten he tarjosivat suomalaiselle koulujärjestelmälle keinon integroida rauhankasvatus kansallismieliseen kouluopetukseen. Kansainliittoon liittyvän tiedon lisääminen kouluissa muodostui vuonna 1931 perustetun Suomen opettajien rauhanliiton keskeiseksi tavoitteeksi. Siihen liitto sai tukea kouluhallituksen edustajilta ja vähiten kritiikkiä kansallismielisiltä.
Monimuotoinen vauraus yhteiskunnan pelastusrenkaaksi
Authors: Pihlajaniemi Elise
Published: November 2021

Arvosteltu teos: Joutsenvirta, Maria ja Salonen, Arto O. 2020. Sivistys vaurautena. Radikaalisti, mutta lempeästi kohti kestävää yhteiskuntaa. Helsinki: Basam Books. 363 s.
Ammattikasvattajat demokratia- ja ihmisoikeuskasvatuksen antisankareina
Authors: Helle Laura
Published: November 2021

Arvioitava teos: Kasa, Tuija, Kouros, Kristiina & Skottman-Kivelä, Piatta 2020. Perus- ja ihmisoikeudet opetus- ja kasvatusalalla. Oikeudellinen ja pedagoginen opas alan opiskelijoille ja asiantuntijoille. Helsingin yliopisto, kasvatustieteellinen tiedekunta. 65 s. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/314105
The Impact of Armed Conflict on Agro-Industrial Development in Cameroon: The case of the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) within the context of the Anglophone crisis
Authors:   Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Yaoundé II, Cameroon., Stanley Chung Dinsi
Published: November 2021

The Cameroon Development Corporation has been severely affected by the armed conflict in the English speaking (North West and South West regions) part of the country that has been on for close to four years running. How then has the armed conflict in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon affected the Cameroon Development Corporation? How can the growth of the agro-industry be guaranteed? This study looks at the impact of the armed conflict in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon on the Cameroon Development Corporation. Making use of public policy theories, this study establishes a link between government defense strategies/sector development policies and agro-industrial development. The study results show that due to the armed conflict in the English speaking regions, the CDC has incurred major damages including: loss in human capital, drop in production capacity, heavy financial loss and equipment damages. The study results also reveal that, the survival of the CDC depends largely on strategic options to be taken at two separate levels including: political options by conflicting parties - the government and separatist fighters on the one hand, and on the other, options taken by the CDC at both managerial and technical levels. The study concludes that for the CDC to attain structural growth and development that will significantly contribute to the national economy, conflicting.
Space use, interaction and recursion in a solitary specialized herbivore: a red panda case study
Authors: Bista D , Baxter GS , Hudson NJ , Lama ST , Weerman J , Murray PJ
Published: November 2021

Better understanding of ecology is crucial for the success of endangered species conservation programmes. Little information is available on space use, conspecific interactions and recursions by one such species, the red pandaAilurus fulgens.To address this deficiency, we used GPS telemetry to examine their home range, core area, home-range overlap, dynamic interactions and recursive movement, and investigated the effect of sex, age and body mass on these behaviours across seasons. The median annual home range size was 1.41 km2, with nearly a quarter of this range being used as the core area. Sex and reproductive status were the key determinants of space use patterns on a seasonal scale, while body mass and age remained significant correlates for the core area. The home range of males was nearly double that of females, likely because of the polygynous mating system in red pandas. Females avoided overlapping home ranges, while males overlapped home range with up to 4 females, and neighbouring males overlapped nearly half of their ranges. We found rare interactions between males and females outside the mating season. Red pandas showed site fidelity within their territory, with seasonal variation across sex classes. We also observed high individual variation in patterns of both space use and recursive movement. Taken together, these results suggest that differences in biological requirements across seasons determine red panda space use patterns, conspecific interactions and recursion. However, forage availability and quality, climatic factors, disturbances and habitat fragmentation are also likely to influence these behaviours, and these factors need to be investigated.
Innovative test method for the reliable evaluation of joint sealants in concrete pavements
Authors: Ov David , Breitenbücher Rolf , Radenberg Martin , Twer Dominik
Published: November 2021

Joint sealants as indispensable filling systems in jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) are permanently exposed to various stresses during their service life, which often leads to a replacement of the sealing after approx. 7 to 10 years. Aside from seasonal unsteady climatic changes, the cyclical stresses caused by traffic and the ageing of joint sealants are especially significant. Considering the rising number of damages that occur within the overall "joint" system, an increased demand for a durable solution is requested as it is a relevant element for the life cycle costs of concrete pavements. In this context, a testing and ageing method was developed which comprises of the entire "joint" system, including the saw-cut concrete joint flanks, the primer as well as the joint sealant. This procedure depicts the decisive scenarios of in-situ stresses and allows the characterization of joint sealants. For this purpose, specimens were subjected to horizontal and vertical loads (static/cyclic) as well as to various ageing effects (temperature conditioning, UV-conditioning and freeze-thaw-cycles). After conditioning, a significant influence of the artificial ageing on the residual strength was observed in the tensile/shear tests. By comparing the artificially aged samples tested in the laboratory with extracted and in-situ aged samples, a reliable correlation was determined. Considering these system tests an initial approach was established which enables the evaluation of joint sealants in both unaged and artificially aged conditions on the basis of scientific parameters and limits.
Unsteady phenomena at the combustor-turbine interface
Authors: Shaikh Faisal , Rosic Budimir
Published: November 2021

The combustor-turbine interface in a gas turbine is characterised by complex, highly unsteady flows. In a combined experimental and large eddy simulation (LES) study including realistic combustor geometry, the standard model of secondary flows in the nozzle guide vanes (NGV) is found to be oversimplified. A swirl core is created in the combustion chamber which convects into the first vane passages. Four main consequences of this are identified: variation in vane loading; unsteady heat transfer on vane surfaces; unsteadiness at the leading edge horseshoe vortex, and variation in the position of the passage vortex. These phenomena occur at relatively low frequencies, from 50–300 Hz. It seems likely that these unsteady phenomena result in non-optimal film cooling, and that by reducing unsteadiness designs with greater cooling efficiency could be achieved.

Measurements were performed in a high speed test facility modelling a large industrial gas turbine with can combustors, including nozzle guide vanes and combustion chambers. Vane surfaces and endwalls of a nozzle guide vane were instrumented with 384 high speed thin film heat flux gauges, to measure unsteady heat transfer. The high resolution of measurements was such to allow direct visualisation in time of large scale turbulent structures over the endwalls and vane surfaces.

A matching LES simulation was carried out in a domain matching experimental conditions including upstream swirl generators and transition duct. Data reduction allowed time-varying LES data to be recorded for several cycles of the unsteady phenomena observed. The combination of LES and experimental data allows physical explanation and visualisation of flow events.
The impact of L2 proficiency on cross-language influence during L2 word processing
Authors: Branzi Francesca , Chang Ya-Ning , Gaele Claudia , Alexopoulou Theodora
Published: November 2021

We investigated the relationship between L2 proficiency and the language control strategies employed during L2 word-processing to cope with cross-language interference. Our main hypothesis is that proactive inhibition of the non-target language (L1) is the best cognitive strategy to optimise L2 performance when L1 and L2 lexical/phonological representations do not overlap. This strategy should be especially implemented by L2 high proficient individuals. We tested a group of native speakers of Chinese (L1) with various levels of proficiency in L2 English in a task that required to decide whether English words presented in pairs were related in meaning or not. Crucially, L2 learners were unaware of the fact that half of the words concealed a character repetition when translated into Chinese which allowed us to measure the activation of L1 phonological representations. Contrary to our predictions, we found that higher proficiency correlated with higher L1 activation.
How Extreme Were The Torrential Floods In Smaller Watersheds In Serbia In September 2014
Authors: Petrovic Ana , Manojlovic Sanja , Kostadinov Stanimir
Published: November 2021

The September torrential floods in 2014 in the Eastern Serbia were a real disaster for local residents in municipalities of Kladovo, Negotin and Majdanpek. Meteorological extreme event caused the hydrological extreme event which led to declaration of the emergency situation in all three municipalities. The combined method of Soil Conservation Service and synthetic unit triangular hydrograph (SCS-SUH) is employed to compute the maximal discharges in small watersheds of Dupljanska reka and Manastiricki potok, in order to assess the extremeness of September 2014 torrential flood events. Since the surface runoff is accompanied by intensive soil erosion on watershed slopes and the maximal discharges by sediment transport in river beds, estimation of mean annual sediment transport is also presented in this work. The September 2014 floods will remain historic given that they took 5 human lives and caused enormous material damage for local municipalities, so presented hydrological analysis should be taken as very important part of flood event documentation along with reports of municipalities’ emergency headquarters.
An Empirical Study of Cluster-Based MOEA/D Bare Bones PSO for Data Clustering †
Authors: Lai Daphne Teck Ching , Sato Yuji
Published: November 2021

Previously, cluster-based multi or many objective function techniques were proposed to reduce the Pareto set. Recently, researchers proposed such techniques to find better solutions in the objective space to solve engineering problems. In this work, we applied a cluster-based approach for solution selection in a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with bare bones particle swarm optimization for data clustering and investigated its clustering performance. In our previous work, we found that MOEA/D with BBPSO performed the best on 10 datasets. Here, we extend this work applying a cluster-based approach tested on 13 UCI datasets. We compared with six multiobjective evolutionary clustering algorithms from the existing literature and ten from our previous work. The proposed technique was found to perform well on datasets highly overlapping clusters, such as CMC and Sonar. So far, we found only one work that used cluster-based MOEA for clustering data, the hierarchical topology multiobjective clustering algorithm. All other cluster-based MOEA found were used to solve other problems that are not data clustering problems. By clustering Pareto solutions and evaluating new candidates against the found cluster representatives, local search is introduced in the solution selection process within the objective space, which can be effective on datasets with highly overlapping clusters. This is an added layer of search control in the objective space. The results are found to be promising, prompting different areas of future research which are discussed, including the study of its effects with an increasing number of clusters as well as with other objective functions.
Measurements of Chemical Compositions in Corn Stover and Wheat Straw by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Tao , Dai Luming , Yan Baipeng , Lan Guisheng , Li Fadi , Li Fei , Pan Faming , Wang Fangbin
Published: November 2021

Rapid, non-destructive methods for determining the biochemical composition of straw are crucial in ruminant diets. In this work, ground samples of corn stover (n = 156) and wheat straw (n = 135) were scanned using near-infrared spectroscopy (instrument NIRS DS2500). Samples were divided into two sets, with one set used for calibration (corn stover, n = 126; wheat straw, n = 108) and the remaining set used for validation (corn stover, n = 30; wheat straw, n = 27). Calibration models were developed utilizing modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression with internal cross validation. Concentrations of moisture, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were successfully predicted in corn stover, and CP and moisture were in wheat straw, but other nutritional components were not predicted accurately when using single-crop samples. All samples were then combined to form new calibration (n = 233) and validation (n = 58) sets comprised of both corn stover and wheat straw. For these combined samples, the CP, NDF, and ADF were predicted successfully; the coefficients of determination for calibration (RSQC) were 0.9625, 0.8349, and 0.8745, with ratios of prediction to deviation (RPD) of 6.872, 2.210, and 2.751, respectively. The acid detergent lignin (ADL) and moisture were classified as moderately useful, with RSQC values of 0.7939 (RPD = 2.259) and 0.8342 (RPD = 1.868), respectively. Although the prediction of hemicellulose was only useful for screening purposes (RSQC = 0.4388, RPD = 1.085), it was concluded that NIRS is a suitable technique to rapidly evaluate the nutritional value of forage crops.
Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond BRAF-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches
Authors: Khaddour Karam , Maahs Lucas , Avila-Rodriguez Ana Maria , Maamar Yazan , Samaan Sami , Ansstas George
Published: November 2021

Melanomas exhibit the highest rate of somatic mutations among all different types of cancers (with the exception of BCC and SCC). The accumulation of a multimode of mutations in the driver oncogenes are responsible for the proliferative, invasive, and aggressive nature of melanomas. High-resolution and high-throughput technology has led to the identification of distinct mutational signatures and their downstream alterations in several key pathways that contribute to melanomagenesis. This has enabled the development of individualized treatments by targeting specific molecular alterations that are vital for cancer cell survival, which has resulted in improved outcomes in several cancers, including melanomas. To date, BRAF and MEK inhibitors remain the only approved targeted therapy with a high level of evidence in BRAFV600E/K mutant melanomas. The lack of approved precision drugs in melanomas, relative to other cancers, despite harboring one of the highest rates of somatic mutations, advocates for further research to unveil effective therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss potential druggable mutations and the ongoing research of novel individualized treatment approaches targeting non-BRAF mutations in melanomas.
An Overview of Selected Rare B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Imaging, Histopathologic, and Clinical Features
Authors: Salem Ahmed Ebada , Zaki Yehia H. , El-Hussieny Gamal , ElNoueam Khaled I. , Shaaban Akram M. , Koppula Bhasker Rao , Bustoros Mark , Salama Mohamed , Elsayes Khaled M. , Morton Kathryn , Covington Matthew F.
Published: November 2021

Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) are conditions characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of B or T-cell lines. They encompass a wide spectrum of abnormalities, which may be broadly classified as reactive processes or malignant diseases, such as lymphoma, based on their cellular clonality and clinical behavior. While some of these disorders are rare, they may be encountered sporadically in clinical practice, causing diagnostic dilemmas owing to overlap in their clinical and imaging features with more common disorders. The updated 4th edition WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms was released in 2016 to incorporate the rapid clinical, pathological, molecular biology and cytogenetic advances of some of these disorders. Despite these updates, very little information is presented in the literature from the radiology perspective. The aim of this article is to familiarize radiologists and other physicians with certain rare variants of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with a focus on imaging features of these disorders, as well as to provide an overview of some important updates contained within the new WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.
Human Breast Extracellular Matrix Microstructures and Protein Hydrogel 3D Cultures of Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Keller Chandler R. , Hu Yang , Ruud Kelsey F. , VanDeen Anika E. , Martinez Steve R. , Kahn Barry T. , Zhang Zhiwu , Chen Roland K. , Li Weimin
Published: November 2021

Tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) is a structurally and compositionally unique microenvironment within which native cells can perform their natural biological activities. Cells grown on artificial substrata differ biologically and phenotypically from those grown within their native tissue microenvironment. Studies examining human tissue ECM structures and the biology of human tissue cells in their corresponding tissue ECM are lacking. Such investigations will improve our understanding about human pathophysiological conditions for better clinical care. We report here human normal breast tissue and invasive ductal carcinoma tissue ECM structural features. For the first time, a hydrogel was successfully fabricated using whole protein extracts of human normal breast ECM. Using immunofluorescence staining of type I collagen (Col I) and machine learning of its fibrous patterns in the polymerized human breast ECM hydrogel, we have defined the microstructural characteristics of the hydrogel and compared the microstructures with those of other native ECM hydrogels. Importantly, the ECM hydrogel supported 3D growth and cell-ECM interaction of both normal and cancerous mammary epithelial cells. This work represents further advancement toward full reconstitution of the human breast tissue microenvironment, an accomplishment that will accelerate the use of human pathophysiological tissue-derived matrices for individualized biomedical research and therapeutic development.
Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Subcutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Borzillo Valentina , Muto Paolo
Published: November 2021

Malignant melanoma frequently develops cutaneous and/or subcutaneous metastases during the course of the disease. These may present as non-nodal locoregional metastases (microsatellite, satellite, or in-transit) included in stage III or as distant metastases in stage IV. Their presentation is heterogeneous and associated with significant morbidity resulting from both disease-related functional damage and treatment side effects. The standard treatment is surgical excision, whereas local therapies or systemic therapies have a role when surgery is not indicated. Radiotherapy can be used in the local management of ITM, subcutaneous relapses, or distant metastases to provide symptom relief and prolong regional disease control. To increase the local response without increasing toxicity, the addition of hyperthermia and intralesional therapies to radiotherapy appear to be very promising. Boron neutron capture therapy, based on nuclear neutron capture and boron isotope fission reaction, could be an alternative to standard treatments, but its use in clinical practice is still limited. The potential benefit of combining radiotherapy with targeted therapies and immunotherapy has yet to be explored in this lesion setting. This review explores the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, its impact on outcomes, and its association with other treatment modalities.
Radiomics Models for Predicting Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Radiomics Quality Score Assessment
Authors: Wang Qiang , Li Changfeng , Zhang Jiaxing , Hu Xiaojun , Fan Yingfang , Ma Kuansheng , Sparrelid Ernesto , Brismar Torkel B.
Published: November 2021

Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) is of importance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient treatment management. Plenty of radiomics models for MVI prediction have been proposed. This study aimed to elucidate the role of radiomics models in the prediction of MVI and to evaluate their methodological quality. The methodological quality was assessed by the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS), and the risk of bias was evaluated by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Twenty-two studies using CT, MRI, or PET/CT for MVI prediction were included. All were retrospective studies, and only two had an external validation cohort. The AUC values of the prediction models ranged from 0.69 to 0.94 in the test cohort. Substantial methodological heterogeneity existed, and the methodological quality was low, with an average RQS score of 10 (28% of the total). Most studies demonstrated a low or unclear risk of bias in the domains of QUADAS-2. In conclusion, a radiomics model could be an accurate and effective tool for MVI prediction in HCC patients, although the methodological quality has so far been insufficient. Future prospective studies with an external validation cohort in accordance with a standardized radiomics workflow are expected to supply a reliable model that translates into clinical utilization.
Anti-Tumor Activity of Expanded PBMC-Derived NK Cells by Feeder-Free Protocol in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chen Minhua , Li Yutong , Wu Yu , Xie Siqi , Ma Jie , Yue Jingjing , Lv Rong , Tian Zhigang , Fang Fang , Xiao Weihua
Published: November 2021

Natural killer (NK) cells have shown great therapeutic potential against a wide range of cancers due to their pan-specific target recognition. Numerous reports indicate that NK cell immunotherapy is an effective therapeutic approach for treating hematological malignancies, but shows limited effects against solid tumors. In this study, several models of ovarian cancer (OC) were used to test the anti-cancer effects of NK cells derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and expanded using a feeder cell-free expansion system (eNKs). The results show that eNKs exhibit potent inhibitory activity on tumor growth in different ovarian cancer xenograft mice (i.e., solid tumors, abdominal metastatic tumors, and ascites), importantly, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, adoptive transfer of eNKs resulted in significant reduction in ascites formation in OC peritoneal tumor models, and especially in reducing intraperitoneal ascites. We found that eNKs could migrate to the tumor site, retain their activity, and proliferate to maintain high cell counts in cutaneous xenograft mice. In addition, when increased the infusion with a high dose of 12 × 107 cells/mouse, Graft-versus-host disease could be induced by eNK. These data show that eNK cell immunotherapy could be a promising treatment strategy for ovarian cancers, including solid tumors and ascites.
PLGA Coatings and PLGA Drug-Loading Coatings for Cardiac Stent Samples: Degradation Characteristics and Blood Compatibility
Authors: Jia Ziyang , Ma Chunyang , Zhang Hongbin
Published: November 2021

PLGA (Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) and PLGA drug-loading coatings were prepared on 316 L stainless steel by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). The surface morphology, three-dimensional morphology, and crystal structures of the coatings were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal properties, molecular weight, and coating composition were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and NMR. The degradation behaviors of the coatings were studied by mass changes, relative molecular mass and distributions, polymer compositions, thermal properties, and surface morphologies. The blood compatibilities of the coatings were investigated by platelet adhesion testing and dynamic coagulation times. SEM results indicated the drug-loading coating with 33% RAPA had the smoothest and most compact morphology. Addition of RAPA decreased the Tg of the PLGA coating, accompanied by partial crystallization that slowed the degradation rate of the drug-loaded coating. Microscopically, the morphology of the PLGA drug-loaded coating was coarser than the PLGA coating. The average surface roughness values of line and surface scannings were 16.232 nm and 39.538 nm, respectively. The surface of the drug-loading coating was micro uneven, and the macro smooth and micro multiphase separation structure helped improve its blood compatibility.
Experimental Quantification of the Lateral Mixing of Binary Solids in Bubbling Fluidized Beds
Authors: Li Huanan , Huang Jikai , Liu Zhigang , Lv Mingming , Ji Can
Published: November 2021

A novel experimental method for the lateral mixing of binary solids in bubbling fluidized beds was developed based on the capacitance probe technique. The evolutions of local mixing ratios in a fluidized bed which can be assumed as one mixing cell were analyzed in detail. The solids mixing within one mixing cell was resolved and the effect of convection and diffusion mechanism on lateral mixing was evaluated individually. The results show that at lower part of the fluidized bed, convection plays a more important role in the mixing process near the wall; meanwhile, diffusion is very important for the mixing around the center line. This is opposite with that at the higher part. A lateral micro dispersion coefficient was proposed to characterize the lateral mixing within the mixing cell and the value is generally between 0.005 and 0.025 m/s. A new mixing index was proposed to evaluate the lateral mixing quality of binary solids. It was found that at the lower part of the fluidized bed, the best mixing is acquired at the half radius, whereas mixing at the center line is the worst. At the higher part, solid mixing is better when increasing the distance from the wall. The influences of gas velocity and static bed on the lateral mixing were also discussed from a microscopic perspective.
An Empirical Study of Carbon Emission Impact Factors Based on the Vector Autoregression Model
Authors: Fan Wei , Luo Xi , Yu Jiabei , Dai Yiyang
Published: November 2021

It is important to effectively reduce carbon emissions and ensure the simultaneous adjustment of economic development and environmental protection. Therefore, we used Kaya identity to screen the factors influencing carbon emissions and conducted preliminary qualitative analyses, including grey relation analysis and linear regression analysis, on important variables to establish a vector autoregression (VAR) model based on their annual data to empirically analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions. The results showed that economic growth effect, energy intensity effect and embodied carbon in foreign trade were the key factors affecting carbon emissions, among which the economic growth effect contributed the most. Accordingly, we propose countermeasures including technological innovation to reduce energy intensity, the development of new energy sources to improve energy structure, acceleration of industrial structure transfer, and optimization of trade structure.
Implementation and Control of Six-Phase Induction Motor Driven by a Three-Phase Supply
Authors: Abdelwanis Mohamed I. , Rashad Essam M. , Taha Ibrahim B. M. , Selim Fathalla F.
Published: November 2021

This paper is interested in implementing and controlling a modified six-phase induction motor (MSPIM) when fed from a three-phase supply either via an inverter or with a direct grid connection loaded by a centrifugal pump. The main aims of using the MSPIM are to enhance motor reliability and reduce torque pulsation. A three-to-six phase transformer has been designed, implemented, and employed to enable the SPIM to be driven from a three-phase supply. It is preferable to use the three-to-six phase transformers integrated with three-phase inverter on using the six-phase inverter to generate lower values of harmonics and lower steady-state error of speed and reduce the starting current and because also it isolates the primary circuit from the secondary, and the cost will be lower compared to the design of a special six-phase inverter. Dynamic models of SPIM, three-to-six phase transformer, and three-phase variable speed drive are derived. Then, a scalar (V/F) closed-loop control of SPIM is employed, and the results are discussed. Fine-tuning of PID controllers is used to keep the motor speed tracking the reference value. A low pass filter is connected to reduce the ripple of voltage and current waveforms. An experimental setup has been built and implemented to check the possibility of controlling SPIM by a variable speed drive system fed from a three-to-six phase transformer. It is found that the proposed method can be effectively used to drive the SPIM from a three-phase supply.
Frequency Regulation System: A Deep Learning Identification, Type-3 Fuzzy Control and LMI Stability Analysis
Authors: Aly Ayman A. , Felemban Bassem F. , Mohammadzadeh Ardashir , Castillo Oscar , Bartoszewicz Andrzej
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the problem of frequency regulation in the multi-area power systems with demand response, energy storage system (ESS) and renewable energy generators is studied. Dissimilarly to most studies in this field, the dynamics of all units in all areas are considered to be unknown. Furthermore time-varying solar radiation, wind speed dynamics, multiple load changes, demand response (DR), and ESS are considered. A novel dynamic fractional-order model based on restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) and deep learning contrastive divergence (CD) algorithm is presented for online identification. The controller is designed by the dynamic estimated model, error feedback controller and interval type-3 fuzzy logic compensator (IT3-FLC). The gains of error feedback controller and tuning rules of the estimated dynamic model are extracted through the fractional-order stability analysis by the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. The superiority of a schemed controller in contrast to the type-1 and type-2 FLCs is demonstrated in various conditions, such as time-varying wind speed, solar radiation, multiple load changes, and perturbed dynamics.
CFD Analysis of Elements of an Adsorption Chiller with Desalination Function
Authors: Sztekler Karol , Siwek Tomasz , Kalawa Wojciech , Lis Lukasz , Mika Lukasz , Radomska Ewelina , Nowak Wojciech
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the results of numerical tests on the elements of an adsorption chiller that comprises a sorption chamber with a bed, a condenser, and an evaporator. The simulation is based on the data and geometry of a prototype refrigeration appliance. The simulation of this problem is unique and has not yet been performed, and so far, no simulation of the phenomena occurring in the systems on a real scale has been carried out. The presented results are part of the research covering the entire spectrum of designing an adsorption chiller. The full process of numerical modeling of thermal and flow phenomena taking place in the abovementioned components is presented. The computational mesh sensitivity analysis combined in the k-ε turbulence model was performed. To verify and validate the numerical results obtained, they were compared with the results of tests carried out on a laboratory stand at the AGH Center of Energy. The results of numerical calculations are in good agreement with the results of the experimental tests. The maximum deviation between the pressure obtained experimentally and by simulations is 1.8%, while for temperatures this deviation is no more than 0.5%. The results allow the identification of problems and their sources, which allows for future structural modifications to optimize the operation of the device.
Machine Learning Techniques in the Energy Consumption of Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review Using Text Mining and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed , Santos Vitor , Dias Miguel Sales
Published: November 2021

The high level of energy consumption of buildings is significantly influencing occupant behavior changes towards improved energy efficiency. This paper introduces a systematic literature review with two objectives: to understand the more relevant factors affecting energy consumption of buildings and to find the best intelligent computing (IC) methods capable of classifying and predicting energy consumption of different types of buildings. Adopting the PRISMA method, the paper analyzed 822 manuscripts from 2013 to 2020 and focused on 106, based on title and abstract screening and on manuscripts with experiments. A text mining process and a bibliometric map tool (VOS viewer) were adopted to find the most used terms and their relationships, in the energy and IC domains. Our approach shows that the terms “consumption,” “residential,” and “electricity” are the more relevant terms in the energy domain, in terms of the ratio of important terms (TITs), whereas “cluster” is the more commonly used term in the IC domain. The paper also shows that there are strong relations between “Residential Energy Consumption” and “Electricity Consumption,” “Heating” and “Climate. Finally, we checked and analyzed 41 manuscripts in detail, summarized their major contributions, and identified several research gaps that provide hints for further research.
Archimedes Screw Design: An Analytical Model for Rapid Estimation of Archimedes Screw Geometry
Authors: YoosefDoost Arash , Lubitz William
Published: November 2021

In designing Archimedes screws, determination of the geometry is among the fundamental questions that may affect many aspects of the Archimedes screw powerplant. Most plants are run-of-river and highly depend on local flow duration curves that vary from river to river. An ability to rapidly produce realistic estimations for the initial design of a site-specific Archimedes screw plant helps to facilitate and accelerate the optimization of the powerplant design. An analytical method in the form of a single equation was developed to rapidly and easily estimate the Archimedes screw geometry for a specific site. This analytical equation was developed based on the accepted, proved or reported common designs characteristics of Archimedes screws. It was then evaluated by comparison of equation predictions to existing Archimedes screw hydropower plant installations. The evaluation results indicate a high correlation and reasonable relative difference. Use of the equation eliminates or simplifies several design steps and loops and accelerates the development of initial design estimations of Archimedes screw generators dramatically. Moreover, it helps to dramatically reduce one of the most significant burdens of small projects: the nonscalable initial investigation costs and enables rapid estimation of the feasibility of Archimedes screw powerplants at many potential sites.
Long-Term Expansion Planning of the Transmission Network in India under Multi-Dimensional Uncertainty
Authors: Giannelos Spyros , Jain Anjali , Borozan Stefan , Falugi Paola , Moreira Alexandre , Bhakar Rohit , Mathur Jyotirmay , Strbac Goran
Published: November 2021

Considerable investment in India’s electricity system may be required in the coming decades in order to help accommodate the expected increase of renewables capacity as part of the country’s commitment to decarbonize its energy sector. In addition, electricity demand is geared to significantly increase due to the ongoing electrification of the transport sector, the growing population, and the improving economy. However, the multi-dimensional uncertainty surrounding these aspects gives rise to the prospect of stranded investments and underutilized network assets, rendering investment decision making challenging for network planners. In this work, a stochastic optimization model is applied to the transmission network in India to identify the optimal expansion strategy in the period from 2020 until 2060, considering conventional network reinforcements as well as energy storage investments. An advanced Nested Benders decomposition algorithm was used to overcome the complexity of the multistage stochastic optimization problem. The model additionally considers the uncertainty around the future investment cost of energy storage. The case study shows that deployment of energy storage is expected on a wide scale across India as it provides a range of benefits, including strategic investment flexibility and increased output from renewables, thereby reducing total expected system costs; this economic benefit of planning with energy storage under uncertainty is quantified as Option Value and is found to be in excess of GBP 12.9 bn. The key message of this work is that under potential high integration of wind and solar in India, there is significant economic benefit associated with the wide-scale deployment of storage in the system.
Design and Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine with Non-Uniform Tooth Distribution
Authors: Zhao Fei , Cao Mengzhu , Tao Encheng , Li Liyi
Published: November 2021

To improve the torque performance of the permanent magnet vernier machine in the direct-drive system for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), this paper proposes the topology of non-uniform tooth distribution. This distribution, considering the additional flux harmonics, aims to contribute to torque improvement, whereas the cogging torque also increases at the same time. A phasors method is proposed to solve the issue caused by the non-uniform structure, adjusting the mechanic angle of each tooth reasonably to restrict the cogging torque. In addition, the non-uniform design is illustrated in detail, which includes the method of grouping the teeth, considering the factors of series pole ratio and winding layout. By using the three-dimensional finite element method, torque is significantly increased without additional torque ripple, which satisfies the desired design target.
Analysis of Geologic CO2 Migration Pathways in Farnsworth Field, NW Anadarko Basin
Authors: van Wijk Jolante , Hobbs Noah , Rose Peter , Mella Michael , Axen Gary , Gragg Evan
Published: November 2021

This study reports on analyses of natural, geologic CO2 migration paths in Farnsworth Oil Field, northern Texas, where CO2 was injected into the Pennsylvanian Morrow B reservoir as part of enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration efforts. We interpret 2D and 3D seismic reflection datasets of the study site, which is located on the western flank of the Anadarko basin, and compare our seismic interpretations with results from a tracer study. Petroleum system models are developed to understand the petroleum system and petroleum- and CO2-migration pathways. We find no evidence of seismically resolvable faults in Farnsworth Field, but interpret a karst structure, erosional structures, and incised valleys. These interpretations are compared with results of a Morrow B well-to-well tracer study that suggests that inter-well flow is up-dip or lateral. Southeastward fluid flow is inhibited by dip direction, thinning, and draping of the Morrow B reservoir over a deeper, eroded formation. Petroleum system models predict a deep basin-ward increase in temperature and maturation of the source rocks. In the northwestern Anadarko Basin, petroleum migration was generally up-dip with local exceptions; the Morrow B sandstone was likely charged by formations both below and overlying the reservoir rock. Based on this analysis, we conclude that CO2 escape in Farnsworth Field via geologic pathways such as tectonic faults is unlikely. Abandoned or aged wellbores remain a risk for CO2 escape from the reservoir formation and deserve further monitoring and research.
Thermal Comfort and Energy Analysis of a Hybrid Cooling System by Coupling Natural Ventilation with Radiant and Indirect Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Shakya Pradeep , Ng Gimson , Zhou Xiaoli , Wong Yew Wah , Dubey Swapnil , Qian Shunzhi
Published: November 2021

A hybrid cooling system which combines natural ventilation with a radiant cooling system for a hot and humid climate was studied. Indirect evaporative cooling was used to produce chilled water at temperatures slightly higher than the dew point. With this hybrid system, the condensation issue on the panel surface of a chilled ceiling was overcome. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was employed to determine the cooling load and the parameters required for thermal comfort analysis for this hybrid system in an office-sized, well-insulated test room. Upon closer investigation, it was found that the thermal comfort by the hybrid system was acceptable only in limited outdoor conditions. Therefore, the hybrid system with a secondary fresh air supply system was suggested. Furthermore, the energy consumptions of conventional all-air, radiant cooling, and hybrid systems including the secondary air supply system were compared under similar thermal comfort conditions. The predicted results indicated that the hybrid system saves up to 77% and 61% of primary energy when compared with all-air and radiant cooling systems, respectively, while maintaining similar thermal comfort.
Influence of Clearance on the Rocker Arm Pin on the Steerability and Stability of the Vehicle Motion
Authors: Parczewski Krzysztof , Wnęk Henryk
Published: November 2021

The article presents an analysis of the impact of a malfunction resulting from excessive clearance on the rocker arm pin of the front suspension on the vehicle’s steerability. The first part of the article presents an analysis of the influence of the clearance on the rocker arm pin on the geometry of the suspension and steering system. The occurrence of forces acting on the rocker arm pin in various phases of the vehicle motion was analyzed. To assess the vehicle’s steering, the vehicle’s response time to sudden steering wheel movement was used. The vehicle’s response time to sudden movement of the steering wheel was used to assess the vehicle’s steerability. The second part presents the results of bench tests and traction tests of a vehicle equipped with a specially made measuring rocker arm with the possibility of simulating a clearance. The tests were carried out on a class B passenger car in selected road tests. The results of measurements obtained for the roadworthy vehicle and the vehicle with the rocker arm with clearance were compared. The influence of the clearance on the rocker arm pin on the change of vehicle steerability in steady and dynamically changing conditions was analyzed. The test results show the effect of clearance on vehicle steering and on the vehicle steerability. The study tried to determine to what extent the clearance on the rocker arm affects the vehicle’s steerability and thus the safety in road traffic.