bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-domain analysis of ultra-short-term HRV for breathing pattern classification in wearable health devices
Authors: Arya Puneet , Singh Mandeep , Singh M. D.
Published: December 2024

This research paper introduces an innovative approach to classify heart rate variability (HRV) time series into paced and spontaneous breathing patterns to reflect changes in the autonomic nervous system. This type of classification is beneficial in wearable devices for stress/relaxation level detection and in deciding therapeutic interventions. The “Multi-Domain Approach” methodology integrates three different techniques: standard HRV features, fuzzy recurrence plot (FRP)-based FRP_GLCM, and empirical mode decomposition-based IMF_FRP_GLCM. The study concentrates on analyzing HRV time series within shorter data segments, aligning with the requirements of contemporary wearable health devices and biofeedback systems. HRV data collected during spontaneous and slow-paced breathing were analyzed across data segments of 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 min, incorporating feature selection and reduction methods. Results demonstrated that standard HRV features yielded optimal performance for 5-min segments, achieving an average accuracy of 90%. Interestingly, IMF_FRP features achieved comparable accuracy even for 1-min segments. As segment duration decreased, standard HRV feature accuracy declined while IMF_FRP accuracy stayed intact, eventually matching 5-min segment accuracy levels. The study underscores the surging demand for shorter data segment HRV analysis, driven by advancements in wearable smart watches technology and mobile applications for monitoring health and managing stress.
Barriers and facilitators of benzathine penicillin G adherence among rheumatic heart disease patients: a mixed methods systematic review using the COM-B (capability, opportunity, and motivation for behavior) model
Authors: Areri Habtamu Abera , Tadele Henok , Workneh Sale
Published: December 2024

Background

Benzathine penicillin G (BPG) is a proven preventive agent for preventing the progression of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and is recognized as a standard of care. However, ensuring adherence to BPG remains a global challenge. The objective of this review was to synthesize the available evidence on the barriers to and facilitators of BPG adherence among RHD patients.

Methods

This systematic review included both qualitative and quantitative studies on RHD patients published in the English language. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search strategy involved PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases to identify keywords and terms contained in the title and abstract and the index terms used to describe articles. The review included papers published from January 1, 2000, to March 30, 2024. Two independent reviewers screened, appraised, and extracted the data. The data analysis was carried out deductively to fit onto the components of the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour) model.

Results

In this review, 1067 records were screened, and 22 studies with 7338 participants were included. Thirty-five barriers and twenty facilitators were identified and mapped onto COM-B components. Physical capability (e.g., felt healthy), psychological capability (e.g., lack of knowledge), reflective motivation (e.g., poor patient handling), automatic motivation (e.g., BPG injection pain), physical opportunity (e.g., BPG unavailability) and social opportunity (e.g., inadequate counseling) were identified as barriers. The most discussed barrier was automatic motivation, followed by psychological capability and physical opportunity.

Conclusions

Our review revealed variable levels of BPG adherence across studies and identified significant barriers and facilitators. Further research is recommended to identify contextual interventions to address barriers and capitalize on facilitators.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42024535398.
Rapid test for Mycobacterium leprae infection: a practical tool for leprosy
Authors: Pierneef Louise , van Hooij Anouk , de Jong Danielle , Wassenaar Gaby , Verhard Els , Tjon Kon Fat Elisa , Engel Nadine , Khatun Marufa , Soren Santosh , Chowdhury Abu Sufian , van Hees Colette , Corstjens Paul , Geluk Annemieke
Published: December 2024

Background

Detection of infection with Mycobacterium leprae allows timely prophylactic treatment, thereby reducing transmission as well as the risk of permanent, leprosy-associated nerve damage. However, since there is no worldwide-implemented standard test for M. leprae infection, detection of infection in asymptomatic individuals remains a major challenge for control programs in endemic areas. In previous studies, we developed and field-tested a lateral flow assay (LFA) quantitatively detecting human IgM against M. leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid I (anti-PGL-I), a marker for both active and past infection. This rapid test utilizes luminescent, background-free, up-converting reporter particles (UCP) and immunochromatography (i.e. the UCP-LF test platform) for accurate quantitation of anti-PGL-I IgM without operator bias. The aim of this study was to evaluate the final version of this quantitative UCP-based rapid test (i.e. PGL-I QURapid), using serum and fingerstick blood (FSB).

Methods

The test comprises a lateral flow strip, in a standard plastic or biodegradable cassette. It can be provided with a humanized, recombinant control to monitor test performance and calculate accurate anti-PGL-I IgM levels. The performance of this QUR-test was assessed using serum and FSB from patients with leprosy (n = 214), tuberculosis (n = 20), buruli ulcer (n = 19), leishmaniasis (n = 14), non-tuberculous mycobacterial (n = 35) infections, as well as healthy Dutch individuals (n = 710) and humanized, recombinant anti-PGL-I IgM antibodies. Plot receiver operating characteristic curves were created and sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp) and the area under the curve were calculated to evaluate test performance.

Results

Test results classified multibacillary leprosy patients with 95.0% Sn and 100% Sp using serum and 91.5% Sn and 99.8% Sp using FSB. Qualitative test results could be read after 2 min flow time, with accurate quantitation from 10 min onwards. The new anti-PGL-I IgM control supports production of batches with predetermined seropositivity thresholds and monitoring of the PGL-I QUR-test in various settings.

Conclusion

The operational version of the PGL-I QURapid with point-of-care applicability, meets the WHO target product profile criteria. Thus, this QUR-test is ready for public health implementations.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of substrate fabric characteristics on the peel strength of 3D-printed composite fabrics
Authors: Han Yoojung , Yun Changsang
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to analyze those factors affecting the adhesion between substrate fabrics and 3D printing filaments by evaluating the influence of fabric surface characteristics, fiber composition, yarn type, and the fabric’s structure. The results showed that among nylon, PET, and cotton, nylon demonstrated the highest peel strength; however, overall, surface characteristics had a more significant impact on adhesion than fiber composition, and in terms of yarn type, fabrics made from staple fibers had higher peel strength than those made from filament yarns, which is probably due to the rougher surface of staple yarns enhancing adhesion. Regarding fabric structure, among woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics demonstrated the highest peel strength, confirming that the structure and density of the fabric play a crucial role in adhesion. It was also found conclusively that fabric surface roughness and porosity affect peel strength significantly, with rougher surfaces and higher porosity leading to increased adhesion. This is because rougher surfaces provide more area for adhesion, and higher porosity allows the molten 3D filament to penetrate more easily between the fibers, thereby improving adhesion. This study provides practical guidelines for improving the adhesion characteristics of 3D-printed composite fabrics.
Phase change material integration in concrete for thermal energy storage: techniques and applications in sustainable building
Authors: Osibodu Segun Jonathan , Adeyinka Adekanmi Miracle , Mbelu Onyedika Vincent
Published: December 2024

The building sector is a significant contributor to global energy consumption, necessitating the development of innovative materials to improve energy efficiency and sustainability. Phase change material (PCM)-enhanced concrete offers a promising solution by enhancing thermal energy storage (TES) and reducing energy demands for heating and cooling in buildings. However, challenges related to PCM leakage, mechanical strength reduction, and encapsulation durability hinder widespread adoption. This paper critically reviews the various PCM incorporation techniques and evaluates their impact on thermal performance and structural integrity. Our findings revealed that while PCM integration improves thermal efficiency, it reduces mechanical strength, especially at higher PCM content. To address these challenges, recent work emphasizes advancements in encapsulation technologies and thermal property optimization, focusing on mitigating leakage and enhancing durability. Organic PCM types are favored for concrete applications due to their compatibility, though issues with leakage control and strength retention remain unresolved. Hence, the choice of incorporation technique must balance application requirements, allowable mechanical property reductions, and cost constraints. Moreover, the lack of standardized methods to assess long-term PCM-composite durability highlights a need for further development of PCM encapsulation and integration techniques to optimize thermal and structural performance.
Alternative data in finance and business: emerging applications and theory analysis (review)
Authors: Sun Yunchuan , Liu Lu , Xu Ying , Zeng Xiaoping , Shi Yufeng , Hu Haifeng , Jiang Jie , Abraham Ajith
Published: December 2024

In the financial sector, alternatives to traditional datasets, such as financial statements and Securities and Exchange Commission filings, can provide additional ways to describe the running status of businesses. Nontraditional data sources include individual behaviors, business processes, and various sensors. In recent years, alternative data have been leveraged by businesses and investors to adjust credit scores, mitigate financial fraud, and optimize investment portfolios because they can be used to conduct more in-depth, comprehensive, and timely evaluations of enterprises. Adopting alternative data in developing models for finance and business scenarios has become increasingly popular in academia. In this article, we first identify the advantages of alternative data compared with traditional data, such as having multiple sources, heterogeneity, flexibility, objectivity, and constant evolution. We then provide an overall investigation of emerging studies to outline the various types, emerging applications, and effects of alternative data in finance and business by reviewing over 100 papers published from 2015 to 2023. The investigation is implemented according to application scenarios, including business return prediction, business risk management, credit evaluation, investment risk prediction, and stock prediction. We discuss the roles of alternative data from the perspective of finance theory to argue that alternative data have the potential to serve as a bridge toward achieving high efficiency in financial markets. The challenges and future trends of alternative data in finance and business are also discussed.
Elevated triglyceride-glucose index is a risk factor for progression to prehypertension in normoglycemic Japanese: a 5-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shimodaira Masanori , Minemura Yu , Nakayama Tomohiro
Published: December 2024

Background

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is an alternative biomarker of insulin resistance that may be associated with elevated blood pressure. However, the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of prehypertension remains unclear. This longitudinal, retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the connection between the TyG index and the risk among Japanese population.

Methods

We enrolled 17,758 participants who underwent medical health checkups in 2017 (baseline) and 2022. At baseline, all participants were normotensive and normoglycemic state, and none were using triglyceride-lowering medications. Participants were divided into four groups according to quartiles of the TyG index at baseline. The risk of progressing to prehypertension was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. In addition, multivariate restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to examine the dose–response relationship. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the predictive value of the TyG index for progression to prehypertension.

Results

Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of the TyG index group, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for progression to prehypertension in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were 1.05 (0.95–1.19), 1.14 (1.02–1.30), and 1.28 (1.11–1.50), respectively. The restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a dose–response relationship between the TyG index and the risk of prehypertension. The area under the ROC curve was 0.60 (0.59–0.61), demonstrating a sensitivity of 56.2% and specificity of 58.8%.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that an elevated TyG index may be independently and positively associated with an increased risk of progression to prehypertension in the Japanese population.
Klotho protein: a new insight into the pathogenesis of essential hypertension
Authors: Awasthi Richa , Manger Priyanka Thapa , Khare Rajesh Kumar , Alam Roshan
Published: December 2024

Background

Essential hypertension is a most prevalent global health concern. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanisms contributing to essential hypertension remain unclear. Several factors contribute to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Klotho, a membrane-bound and soluble protein, has been found to modulate hypertension through physiological processes like vascular function and sodium balance. This study aimed to determine the association of klotho protein with essential hypertension.

Methods

The study included 164 hypertensive cases and 164 normotensive controls, after imposing certain inclusion and exclusion criteria with written consent from all subjects. Subject’s details were obtained using structured proforma to account for potential confounding variables. To estimate klotho protein activity using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 2 mL blood was collected in a plain vial. All data were tested at a 5% significance level.

Results

The analysis revealed a significant decrease in klotho protein levels in cases compared to controls (1.52 ± 0.87 vs. 2.45 ± 0.90, P < 0.001), suggesting an inverse relationship of klotho protein with risk of essential hypertension. All indices in the structural equation model have suggested that the final model fitted the data reasonably (chi-square to df ratio, 1.153; goodness of fit index, 0.990; adjusted goodness of fit index, 0.945; normed fit index, 0.936; standardized root mean square residual, 0.953; root mean square error of approximation, 0.031). Also, klotho was negatively associated with blood pressure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for klotho and blood pressure was 0.765 (95% confidence interval, 0.716–0.815; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Klotho levels were significantly reduced in essential hypertension cases compared to controls, Also, klotho had a negative direct association with essential hypertension indicating a potential role for klotho as a prognostic and predictive marker for essential hypertension. This suggests that klotho may have a role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Understanding klotho’s role in essential hypertension may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this disease.

Graphical Abstract
Virtual reality-guided therapy on a stroke unit: a feasibility study
Authors: Kühne Escolà Jordi , Demirdas Rumeysa , Schulze Martin , Chae Woon Hyung , Milles Lennart Steffen , Pommeranz Doreen , Oppong Marvin Darkwah , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Köhrmann Martin , Frank Benedikt
Published: December 2024

Background

VR (Virtual Reality) has emerged as a recent treatment approach in neurorehabilitation. The feasibility of VR-guided therapy in the acute phase after stroke has not been assessed.

Methods

This was a cohort study of consecutive patients with suspected stroke who were admitted to the Essen University Hospital Stroke Unit between March 2022 and May 2022. All patients who had an indication for physical or occupational therapy due to upper extremity sensorimotor, cognitive or perceptual deficits were included and considered for VR-guided treatment. We excluded patients with predominant deficits in lower extremity function, since these could not be targeted with our VR system. A multidimensional approach was used to assess the feasibility of VR-guided therapy, which included characterization of eligible patients, resource utilization as well as treatment acceptance. For this purpose, we analyzed baseline and clinical characteristics, causes for withholding the treatment as well as qualitative and quantitative treatment metrics in patients who received VR-guided therapy.

Results

Out of 326 patients admitted with suspected stroke, n = 172 were included in our final analysis. Of these, n = 37 (21.5%) received VR-guided therapy. The most common cause for withholding treatment were neuropsychological limitations (22.9%), followed by physical impairment, comorbidity and level of consciousness alterations (all 17.8%). Patients who received VR-guided therapy tended to have better functional status and less severe neurological deficits. VR-guided sessions had a median duration of 20 min (IQR 17–29) with additional 13 min (IQR 9–17) of preparation time. In the majority of patients who received VR-guided therapy, motivation was rated equal or higher as compared with conventional treatment (76%) and therapists considered VR-guided therapy well feasible (65%).

Conclusions

Despite important treatment barriers, VR may provide additional opportunities to enhance functional recovery in the acute phase after stroke for selected patients. Our findings could aid in planning further randomized controlled trials which are required to refine approaches and assess the effectiveness of VR-guided therapy in the acute setting.
A performance evaluation of commercially available and 3D-printable prosthetic hands: a comparison using the anthropomorphic hand assessment protocol
Authors: Siegel Joshua R. , Harwood Jedidiah K. , Lau Annette C. , Brenneis Dylan J. A. , Dawson Michael R. , Pilarski Patrick M. , Schofield Jonathon S.
Published: December 2024

Despite significant technological progress in prosthetic hands, a device with functionality akin to a biological extremity is far from realization. To better support the development of next-generation technologies, we investigated the grasping capabilities of clinically prescribable and commercially available (CPCA) prosthetic hands against those that are 3D-printed, which offer cost-effective and customizable solutions. Our investigation utilized the Anthropomorphic Hand Assessment Protocol (AHAP) as a benchtop evaluation of the multi-grasp performance of 3D-printed devices against CPCA prosthetic hands. Our comparison sample included three open-source 3D-printed prosthetic hands (HACKberry Hand, HANDi Hand, and BEAR PAW) and three CPCA prosthetic hands (Össur i-Limb Quantum, RSL Steeper BeBionic Hand V3, and Psyonic Ability Hand), along with including previously published AHAP data for four additional 3D-printed hands (Dextrus v2.0, IMMA, InMoov, and Limbitless). Our findings revealed a notable grasping performance disparity, with 3D-printed prostheses generally underperforming compared to their CPCA counterparts, specifically in cylindrical, diagonal volar, extension, and spherical grips. We propose that the observed performance shortfalls are likely attributed to the design or build quality of the 3D-printed prostheses, owing to the fact that 3D-printed hands often have a lower technology readiness level for widespread use. Addressing the limitations highlighted in this work and subsequent research will play a crucial role in refining the design and functionality of both 3D-printed and CPCA prosthetic devices.
Savoring traditions: culinary memory, familial identity, and authenticity of meen curry in Kerala
Authors: Davis Ann Rose
Published: December 2024

Food has been invented, consumed, modified, and evolved through the ages based on social conditions. This influence can be seen in Kerala, a South Indian state along the Arabian Sea, which has been part of the colonial expedition. The culinary heritage of Kerala is a unique blend of foreign influences from Arabs, Chinese, Portuguese, Dutch, and British who arrived on its shores. In this context, the aim of the study is to focus on the authenticity of Kerala’s traditional dish, meen curry, in relation to culinary nostalgia and familial identity. The research paper will provide a comprehensive analysis of meen curry and the ingredients used in Kerala-style restaurant, studio kitchen, toddy shop, and heirloom recipes to understand how the dish is prepared in various settings within and outside the state as an agent of culinary traditions and nostalgia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants to explore the gastronomic landscape of Bangalore and Kerala with respect to the authenticity of meen curry. The qualitative data from these interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and categorized into three relevant themes. The findings of the study suggest that the authenticity of meen curry of Kerala is variable and subjective, and one single form of “authentic” meen curry that represents entire Kerala does not exist. The research will contribute to the current academic knowledge on how the authenticity of food is perceived by communities or individuals and suggests that this perspective may be applicable to other societies or cuisines for future research.
Critical wind speed of iced hangers wake vibration based on wind tunnel experiment
Authors: Guo Pan , Yang Chao-yu , Tan Zi-kang , Chang Si-yuan , Li Sheng-li , Ren Duo-chang
Published: December 2024

An iced suspension bridge hanger has an altered aerodynamic shape, potentially causing various types of wind-induced vibrations. A wind tunnel experiment was performed, based on the DenHartog galloping theory, to study the wake galloping of the iced suspension bridge hangers at different hanger spacings. The results revealed that, for iced pin joint hangers, the pneumatic characteristics of the leeward hanger are more stable when the hanger spacing is in the 4.8D ≤ L ≤ 6.2D range. The range of wind attack angle corresponding to the negative value of the DenHartog coefficient increased gradually with the increase in hanger spacing. For iced straddling hangers, the effect of lift must be considered when the static wind load of iced straddling hangers is calculated. The DenHartog coefficients of iced hangers under different hanger spacings all exceeded the -1.0 specified in the code for Wind Resistance Design of Highway Bridges (JTG/T3360-01–2018). The aerodynamic characteristics of iced leeward hangers were more stable when the hanger spacing was A × B = 8D × 4D. Therefore, measures should be taken to increase the rigid vibration-damping frame and improve the critical wind speed of the hangers to avoid vibration in iced hangers.
Glycosyltransferase B4GALNT1 promotes immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma via the HES4-SPP1-TAM/Th2 axis
Authors: Wang Zhifeng , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Xiaoming , Wu Qingyun , Peng Qiao , Yang Tianxiao , Sun Xuehui , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Yilin , Wu Weicheng
Published: December 2024

β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I (B4GALNT1) is a key glycosyltransferase for gangliosides. Its aberrant expression has been observed in various cancers, and its potential roles in tumor immunity were suggested recently. However, how B4GALNT1 regulate tumor progression and tumor immunity remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of B4GALNT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment, and evaluate the potential beneficial effects of targeting B4GALNT1 in immunotherapy. Our data verified the aberrant upregulation of B4GALNT1 in HCC tumor tissues and tumor cells, which could be utilized as an independent prognostic factor and improve the predicting performance of traditional tumor node metastasis (TNM) system. We also demonstrated that B4GALNT1 increased the phosphorylation of Hes Family BHLH Transcription Factor 4 (HES4) via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38)/ c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in tumor cells, thus increasing the transcriptional activity of HES4, which upregulated the synthesis and secretion of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), modulated the composition of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, and eventually reshaped the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, silencing B4GALNT1 was proved to enhance the tumor-killing efficiency of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeting strategy in mouse model. In conclusion, this study evaluated B4GALNT1 as a prognostic predictor for HCC patients and revealed the mechanism of B4GALNT1 in microenvironmental remodeling, which extends the understanding of HCC progression and provides a novel auxiliary strategy for HCC immunotherapy.
Impact of natural fractures on hydraulic fracture propagation in Denver-Julesburg Basin: Insights from a decade of research
Authors: Jin Ge , Ning Yanrui , Gale Melinda , Simmons James , Tura Ali
Published: December 2024

The Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin is a key region for unconventional oil and gas extraction, particularly from the Niobrara and Codell formations. This study synthesizes findings from a decade of research conducted in three different geographic areas of the basin as part of the industry consortium Reservoir Characterization Project at Colorado School of Mines. The research explores how natural fractures affect hydraulic fracture propagation, leveraging geophysical data sets including 3D seismic imaging, image logs, microseismic monitoring, and crosswell distributed strain sensing. Key observations reveal significant variations in hydraulic fracture orientations and propagation speeds between the Niobrara and Codell formations, which are the main targets for horizontal drilling and stimulation. High natural fracture densities and orientations notably influence the propagation of hydraulic fractures in the Niobrara Formation, deviating them from the regional maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) directions, while hydraulic fractures in Codell consistently align with SHmax where lower natural fracture densities are observed. The study also highlights the critical role of stress anisotropy and zipper fracturing sequences in dictating hydraulic fracture behavior. Additionally, a marked negative correlation between natural fracture density and hydraulic fracture propagation speed underlines the fracture network complexity added by natural fractures. These findings advocate for a comprehensive natural fracture characterization and tailored fracturing strategies to optimize well placement and completions. The implications for DJ Basin development from this study are profound, suggesting that understanding local geomechanics and fracture networks can significantly enhance hydrocarbon recovery. Future work should focus on more precise assessments of hydraulic fracture interactions with natural fracture systems to refine operational strategies further.
Geoscientist-driven machine learning-assisted fault interpretation: A case study from Atlanta Field to demonstrate the impact of fault labeling on the fault prediction cube
Authors: de Oliveira Gabriella Martins Baptista , Rosa Hellen , Felix Luciana , Souza Alexandre , Ferreira Mateus , Manral Surender , de Haeck Caroline Martinez
Published: December 2024

The energy industry is undergoing a digital transformation, leveraging cloud capabilities and artificial intelligence technology to overcome the challenges of conventional geoscience workflows. Machine learning (ML) methodologies have been developed and applied to various geophysical and geologic workflows, such as seismic processing, imaging, seismic interpretation, and petrophysical analysis. The traditional seismic interpretation approach requires manual interpretation of faults line by line at a fixed increment. Consequently, depending on the geologic complexity and size of the area of interest, the traditional approach can be a time-consuming and repetitive task. We focus on applying ML to seismic data for fault interpretation using a 2D convolutional neural network methodology to accelerate the fault interpretation process. This approach has the potential to significantly reduce the time and effort required to interpret faults, depending on the seismic data quality and geologic complexity, which is demonstrated by our study in the Atlanta Field, a postsalt asset in Brazil's northern Santos Basin. The basin has high structural complexity due to the salt tectonics, which required additional labeling interpretation to capture different fault patterns and train the algorithm to predict faults within the seismic volume. Additionally, the study provides the impact of the initial fault interpretation label on the ML result, such as in the fault extension and fault dip. Overall, the ML approach reduced the total effort from two weeks to four days, representing a time improvement of 60% from interpretation to structural framework workflow.
Memorial
Authors: Dvorkin Jack , Matic Marjory , Mukerji Tapan
Published: December 2024

Amos Nur, 1938–2024
External Ventricular Drain Misadministration Events: Systematic Literature Review and Report of a Case
Authors: Abramyan Arevik , Belykh Evgenii , Ruchi Patel , Gillick John , Goldstein Ira
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

External ventricular drain (EVD) is a common neurosurgical procedure with potential complications, including catheter misplacement, infection, mechanical obstruction, and inadvertent catheter pull-out. A less discussed but critical complication is the misadministration of medications into EVD. This project aimed to review the literature on EVD misadministration and discuss preventative measures, emphasizing the new International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for neuraxial connectors.

METHODS:

A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS databases was conducted to identify studies reporting misadministration in EVD systems. We also present a case of misadministration of a blood product into an EVD. Factors contributing to these events were researched, relevant guidelines from professional organizations were reviewed, and preventive strategies, including the novel NRFit® connector designed to prevent such errors, were discussed.

RESULTS:

The literature review identified 7 reports of 8 cases of misadministration involving substances such as gadolinium-based contrast agents, anesthetic agents, and antiepileptic drugs. In addition, we report a case of an 87-year-old man with multiple traumatic brain injuries, where a blood transfusion line was mistakenly connected to the EVD. This incident is the first reported case of blood misadministration through EVD. Despite immediate drainage and flushing of the EVD system with saline, the patient's condition did not improve, and he eventually died. Contributing factors included unfamiliarity with the EVD system, similarity to IV connectors, and poor visibility during procedures. Importantly, the novel ISO 80369 standard for all neuraxial connectors, including NRFit® connectors that have a 20% smaller nozzle outside diameter than traditional Luer connectors, has been recommended to prevent misconnection errors and mitigate associated risks.

CONCLUSION:

Misadministration to EVD connectors is a preventable event that highlights the need for enhanced safety solutions. Adoption of ISO standard neuraxial connectors, thorough training, and the use of distinctly marked equipment are critical steps in minimizing risks.
Training Status Influences Regulation of Muscle and PBMC TLR4 Expression and Systemic Cytokine Responses to Vigorous Endurance Exercise
Authors: Ducharme Jeremy B. , Specht Jonathan W. , Bailly Alyssa R. , Fennel Zachary J. , Nava Roberto C. , Mermier Christine M. , Laitano Orlando , Deyhle Michael R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

A bout of vigorous endurance exercise transiently activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and reduces TLR4 protein expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Endurance training, on the other hand, reduces TLR4-mediated signaling and minimizes the physiological stress imposed by exercise. Less is known about what occurs in skeletal muscle regarding TLR4 regulation and signaling. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of TLR4 expressed in different tissue types (PBMCs and skeletal muscle samples) between endurance-trained and untrained men following vigorous endurance exercise and determine the effect of training status on cytokine responses associated with TLR4 activation.

Methods

Endurance-trained (n = 7) and untrained (n = 5) men cycled for 1-hr at their respiratory compensation point, with blood and skeletal muscle samples collected pre- and 3-hours post-exercise.

Results

In response to vigorous exercise, untrained men experienced a decrease in inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) protein (suggesting IκB degradation and the activation of TLR4-associated transcription factor NF-κB) and TLR4 protein levels, along with a simultaneous increase in TLR4 mRNA expression in both skeletal muscle and PBMCs. Moreover, this exercise session led to elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. Collectively, these results suggest a heightened TLR4-mediated signaling pathway in untrained men. However, no changes in these targets were observed in endurance-trained men, possibly indicating a potential mechanism by which regular endurance training blunts systemic inflammation.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the potential of endurance training to mitigate TLR4-mediated signaling, such as systemic inflammation, and shed light on the effects of exercise on TLR4 expression in PBMCs and skeletal muscle.
The genome sequence of Radford’s Flame Shoulder, Ochropleura leucogaster (Freyer, 1831)
Authors: Sterling Mark J. , Lees David C. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Ochropleura leucogaster (Freyer, 1831) (Radford's Flame Shoulder; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 545.70 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.93%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.37 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,155 protein-coding genes.
THE USE OF AN ADAPTIVE APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNCTIONING OF ENTERPRISES OF THE CONSTRUCTION COMPLEX
Authors: Tarasov Alexander S.
Published: December 2024

The management problems of construction enterprises are constantly changing over time, so there is a need for an adaptive approach. Using this approach provides an opportunity for a more proactive and collaborative approach during changes caused by construction problems. However, ignoring the numerous uncertainty management tools that are often available can distort management processes.
Purpose: to determine the features of the adaptive approach in improving the mechanism of management of the functioning of enterprises of the construction complex.
Method and methodology of the work: data collection, literature review.
Results. Managers of construction organizations can significantly improve management efficiency by structuring adaptability, developing this approach and using it to improve the management mechanism. The results also show that managers of construction enterprises must take into account multiple forms of uncertainty in the options for the set goals.
The scope of the results. The results of the article can be useful for managers of enterprises of the construction complex, as well as for specialists in construction project management.
ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTS OF ENSURING NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN PARADIGM OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
Authors: Syshchikova Elena N. , Bogdanova Marina V. , Makarova Ekaterina E.
Published: December 2024

The article considers and substantiates a set of measures to ensure economic security in modern, sanctioned economic conditions, which can include: the results of the impact of a package of sanctions from unfriendly foreign states in the period from 2022-2024 with a forecast until 2026. The necessity of ensuring economic security in the prevailing conditions is proved. The authors, based on the analysis of economic processes, substantiate the need to ensure economic security as a tool to counteract the impact of sanctions, and propose directions for finding reserves in conditions of severe economic sanctions.
Objective. Development of recommendations on measures to ensure national economic security, taking into account its current level and the state of the external environment.
Method and methodology of the work. To achieve the goal set in the article, the authors used methods of comparative, logical and statistical analysis. The analysis of the main economic indicators was applied, the dynamics of economic development indicators was compared.
Results.  The directions of ensuring economic security have been developed, including: 1. maximum localization of production of critical products; 2. support for manufacturers providing parallel imports of industrial and technical products to Russia; 3. the level of investment support. 4. using the development of the military-industrial complex as a driver of growth in the future (taking into account its comprehensive modernization); 5. supporting the country's financial system using stabilization tools and sound economic policy.
Practical implications. The results obtained can be used as a basis for ensuring economic security, taking into account modern conditions formed under the influence of sanctions.
Specialized municipalities in the Russian Federation (general and special)
Authors: Evdokimov Vyacheslav , Petryaev Pavel
Published: December 2024

The monograph is devoted to the issues of constitutional (state) and municipal law related to the peculiarities of the organization and activities of specialized municipalities — local self-government bodies of closed administrative-territorial formations (BUT).
It has scientific, theoretical and applied significance. It is addressed to teachers and specialists in the field of constitutional and municipal law, employees of the prosecutor's office, investigative and other law enforcement agencies, officials of the administrations of the federal and regional ministries and departments.
Rights for babies?
Authors: Matheson Rhona
Published: December 2024

Rhona Matheson discusses her research into babies’ rights as the UNCRC came into force in Scottish law earlier this year
Acetabular rim syndrome revisited
Authors: Morris William Z. , Haider Shamrez , Hinds Sean T. , Podeszwa David , Ellis Henry , Osborne Lauren , Anable Nicholas , Sucato Daniel
Published: December 2024

Aims

There has been limited literature regarding outcomes of acetabular rim syndrome (ARS) with persistent acetabular os in the setting of acetabular dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to characterize a cohort of adolescent and young adult patients with ARS with persistent os and compare their radiological and clinical outcomes to patients with acetabular dysplasia without an os.

Methods

We reviewed a prospective database of patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia between January 1999 and December 2021 to identify hips with preoperative os acetabuli, defined as a closed triradiate cartilage but persistence of a superolateral os acetabulum. A total of 14 hips in 12 patients with persistent os acetabuli (ARS cohort) were compared to 50 randomly selected ‘control’ hips without persistent os acetabuli. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were measured for markers of dysplasia: lateral centre-edge angle, anterior centre-edge angle, acetabular inclination, and migration index. Union of the os was determined in patients with ≥ six months’ follow-up. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) included the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS, maximum score 80) completed at one year postoperatively.

Results

There was no significant difference between the ARS and control cohorts with regard to sex distribution (p = 0.270), age at surgery (p = 0.186), or BMI (p = 0.442). Preoperatively, the ARS cohort had more severe dysplasia, including lower lateral centre-edge angle (-9.3° (SD 12.5°) vs 7.6° (SD 10.7°); p < 0.001) and greater acetabular inclination (33.9° (SD 8.2°) vs 21.8° (SD 8.7°); p < 0.001). Postoperatively, 6/13 (46%) hips with ≥ six months of radiological follow up demonstrated union of the os. There was no difference between the ARS and control cohorts at one year in UCLA score (9.1 (SD 1.5) vs 8.2 (SD 1.9); p = 0.167) or mHHS (73.4 (SD 9.5) vs 69.9 (SD 8.8); p = 0.312).

Conclusion

ARS with persistent acetabular os may occur in more severe dysplasia. Union occurs in 50% cases following corrective PAO.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(12):1393–1398.
Single-stage orthoplastic treatment of complex calcaneal osteomyelitis with large soft-tissue defects
Authors: Down Billy , Ferguson Jamie , Loizou Constantinos , McNally Martin , Ramsden Alex , Stubbs David , Kendal Adrian
Published: December 2024

Aims

Calcaneal osteomyelitis remains a difficult condition to treat with high rates of recurrence and below-knee amputation, particularly in the presence of severe soft-tissue destruction. This study assesses the outcomes of single-stage orthoplastic surgical treatment of calcaneal osteomyelitis with large soft-tissue defects.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent combined single-stage orthoplastic treatment of calcaneal osteomyelitis (01/2008 to 12/2022). Primary outcome measures were osteomyelitis recurrence and below-knee amputation (BKA). Secondary outcome measures included flap failure, operating time, complications, and length of stay.

Results

A total of 30 patients (14 female, 16 male; mean age 53.7 years (95% CI 48.0 to 59.5)) underwent combined orthoplastic surgical treatment for BACH “complex” calcaneal osteomyelitis with a median follow-up of 31 months (IQR 11.75 to 49.25). Of these, 19 received a local flap and 11 received a free flap. The most common causes were fracture-related infection (n = 12; 40%) and ulceration (n = 10; 33%); 21 patients (70%) had already undergone at least one operation elsewhere. Osteomyelitis was eradicated in 23 patients (77%). There were seven patients who developed recurrent osteomyelitis (23%), all in the local flap group. One patient required a BKA. Univariate analysis revealed that local flap reconstruction (OR 13.5 (95% CI 0.7 to 269.7); p = 0.029) and peripheral vascular disease (OR 16.5 (95% CI 1.35 to 203.1); p = 0.008) were associated with increased risk of recurrence. Free flap reconstruction took significantly longer intraoperatively than local flaps (mean 481 minutes (408 to 554) vs mean 168 minutes (119 to 216); p < 0.001), but without significant differences in length of stay or frequency of outpatient appointments.

Conclusion

In our study involving 30 patients, single-stage orthoplastic management was associated with 77% (n = 23) eradication of infection and only one amputation in this complex and comorbid patient group. Risk factors for failure were peripheral vascular disease and local flap reconstruction. While good outcomes can be achieved, this treatment requires high levels of inpatient and outpatient care.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(12):1443–1450.
Optimizing debridement and implant retention in acute periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Fontalis Andreas , Yasen Adam T. , Giebaly Dia E. , Luo Tianyi D. , Magan Ahmed , Haddad Fares S.
Published: December 2024

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a complex challenge in orthopaedic surgery associated with substantial morbidity and healthcare expenditures. The debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) protocol is a viable treatment, offering several advantages over exchange arthroplasty. With the evolution of treatment strategies, considerable efforts have been directed towards enhancing the efficacy of DAIR, including the development of a phased debridement protocol for acute PJI management. This article provides an in-depth analysis of DAIR, presenting the outcomes of single-stage, two-stage, and repeated DAIR procedures. It delves into the challenges faced, including patient heterogeneity, pathogen identification, variability in surgical techniques, and antibiotics selection. Moreover, critical factors that influence the decision-making process between single- and two-stage DAIR protocols are addressed, including team composition, timing of the intervention, antibiotic regimens, and both anatomical and implant-related considerations. By providing a comprehensive overview of DAIR protocols and their clinical implications, this annotation aims to elucidate the advancements, challenges, and potential future directions in the application of DAIR for PJI management. It is intended to equip clinicians with the insights required to effectively navigate the complexities of implementing DAIR strategies, thereby facilitating informed decision-making for optimizing patient outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(12):1377–1384.