bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES AND ASSOCIATED DISORDERS OF ADIPONECTIN
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Shrestha Shailaza , Kumar Pradeep , Sp Saxena , Sharma Rachna
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAmong the adipokines, adiponectin is the first one to be described just over a decade ago. It is produced exclusively by adipose tissue and circulatesin high concentration in human plasma accounting for 0.01% of proteins in plasma, almost thousand times higher than that of leptin. The normalcirculating level of adiponectin ranges from 2 to 30 µg/ml. It is now observed that besides adipose tissue, adiponectin can also be produced byseveral other tissues such as hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, and placenta. Adiponectin executes its action via autocrine as well as and paracrine effects.Researchers working in this area have revealed that adiponectin has insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. Our reviewfocuses on adiponectin, its mode of action on different peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscles, heart, liver, brain and its the correlative accountin various diseases.Keywords: Adiponectin, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, Inflammation, Malignancies, Cardiovascular disease.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL CASES IN EAST ALGERIA
Authors: Touaitia Rahima , Bektache Soumia , Boutefnouchet Nafissa , Djahoudi Abdelghani , Bachtarzi Mohamed
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the methicillin resistance gene, and some virulence factors in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: This study has included 12 MRSA isolates. All isolates were previously identified as S. aureus by a standard microbiological procedure, anda detection of methicillin resistance was realized by phenotypic methods. Following genomic DNA extraction, the presence of gyrA, mecA, lukPV, andtst genes was analyzed by duplex PCR. All retained S. aureus species have been found to contain gyrA gene.Results: Ten stains have been found to harbor mecA gene indicating it’s responsibility for methicillin resistance in those strains. Among the 12 strains,six of which were found to be Panton-Valentine leukocidine positive while none of which has tst gene encoding the toxic shock syndrome toxin.Conclusion: The pathogenesis of MRSA infections is related to the expression of a wide variety of virulence factors.Keywords: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Panton-Valentine leukocidine, Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, Multidrug resistance, mecA.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME NEW 2-(5-(4-BENZAMIDOBENZYLIDENE)-2,4DIOXOTHIAZOLIDIN-3-YL)ACETIC ACID ANALOGS AS ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Gupta Arun K. , Pandey Jyoti , Ali Arshad
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Aldose reductase (ALR) enzyme plays a significant role in conversion of excess amount of glucose into sorbitol in diabetic condition,inhibitors of which decrease the secondary complication of diabetes mellitus. Scarce treatment of diabetic complications has motivated our interestfor the search of new aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) endowed with more favorable biological properties.Methods: Newer (4-(benzamidobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid derivatives were synthesized, and these compound wereevaluated for their ARI and antidiabetic activity.Results: ARI activity of synthesized compounds was found in the range of 57.8-71.9% at 5µg/mL. Similarly, synthesized compounds decrease bloodglucose level in the range of 64.4-70.5 mg/dl at 15 mg/kg body weight.Conclusion: (E)-2-(5-(4-(substituted benzamido)benzylidene)-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid analogs shows comparable ARI as well asantidiabetic activity. These new class of compounds might be address the diabetic complications with safety.Keywords: Aldose reductase inhibitors, Diabetes mellitus, N-acetic acid-2,4-thiazolidinediones.
PAEDERUS ALFIERI EXTRACT INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN MYELOID LEUKEMIA K562 CELLS
Authors: Mohamed Amer , Rakha Osama
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The rove beetle Paederus alfieri Koch. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) is well-known among natural enemies in Egypt as an important predatorof agricultural insect pests, it used as an essential agent in the integrated pest management programs. Recent studies have revealed that Paederus mayhave anti-proliferative effect; however, its mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anticancer effect of P. alfieriextract (PAE) on K562 human myeloid leukemia cancer cells and elucidation of its mechanism.Methods: Human myeloid leukemia K562 cells were treated with PAE at different concentrations. Cell proliferation was measured using the3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry analysis. The expressions ofBcl-2, Bax, active caspase-3, t-Akt, and p-Akt were evaluated by western blotting.Results: PAE has a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect against K562 cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration was estimated as212±2.3 ng/ml. Flow cytometric analysis showed that PAE induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in K562 cells. We also investigated themolecular mechanism of PAE-induced apoptosis. PAE downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. Furthermore, thelevels of p-Akt are dose-dependently decreased in response to PAE, whereas the total Akt protein levels remained constant during PAE treatment.Conclusion: Taken together PAE-induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia K562 cells by modulating PI3K/Akt pathway. Our findings suggestthat may be PAE is a good extract for developing anticancer drugs for human myeloid leukemia cancer treatment.Keywords: Paederus alfieri, Pederin, K562, Apoptosis, PI3K/Akt pathway.
RESEARCH OF THE SYNTHETIC, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 3-ALKYLSULFONYL-5-(CHINOLINE-2-YL, 2-HYDROXYCHINOLINE-4-YL)-4-R -2,4-DIHYDRO3N-1,2,4-TRIAZOLES 1
Authors: Tm Kaplaushenko , Oi Panasenko , Yu Kucheryavy
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Fundamental research in pharmacy and medicine have shown that drugs, which are based on nucleus of the 1,2,4-triazole, have a widerange of biological effects. Derivatives of this heterocyclic system have well-known Ukrainian clinicians and the world scientists due to its antifungal,antidepressant, anticancer, cardio- and hepatoprotective properties. The pharmacological activity of most organic compounds depends on severaldifferent factors, including bioavailability of the substance. Hence, it is very important to consider the results of the synthetic and biological researchesand established dependence of structure on the biological action when scientists model new molecules or improve pharmacological properties of anexisting structure. One of the important social and economic problems of the pharmaceutical industry is the implementation in practice of new drugsthat could compete with expensive imported drugs. In recent times, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thioderivatives take attention of compatriots and scientists offoreign countries who are working on finding bioactive compounds including heterocyclic systems. The structure, physical and chemical properties,pharmacological activities of 1,2,4-triazoles, and their 3-thioderivatives are understudied. Hence, the study of that will be actually and novelty formodern science. The main purpose of our research is synthesis of 3-alkylsulfonyl-5-(chinoline-2-yl, 2-hydroxychinoline-4-yl)-4-R-2,4-dihydro-3N1,2,4-triazoles,studyingof its physicaland chemical properties.Methods: The initial compounds have been synthesized previously using known in literature techniques. Oxidation of the sulfur atom of thesynthesized compounds to the hexavalent condition was carried out adding solution of hydrogen peroxide.Results: The structure of the obtained compounds was determined with the modern physical and chemical analysis methods: Element analysis,infrared-spectrophotometry, and their individuality with thin layer chromatography.Conclusions: Prospect of the further researches is determination of acute toxicity and next studying of pharmacological properties of the synthesizedcompounds.Keywords: 1,2,4-triazoles, Synthesis, Chemical properties, Chinoline.1
THE ANTIRHEUMATIC ACTIVITY OF MUNTINGIA CALABURA L. LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT AND ITS FRACTION
Authors: Sarimanah Jamilah , I Ketut Adnyana , Sukandar Elin Yulinah , Kurniati Neng Fisheri
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Rheumatoid arthritis is chronic inflammation disorder that can be treated with anti-inflammatory drug such as methylprednisolone.Several medicinal plants shave the potential to be used in arthritis therapy, one of which is Muntingia calabura L. The objective of this research wasto study the antirheumatic activity of M. calabura leaves ethanol extract and its n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions in a rheumatoid arthriticrat model.Methods: Rheumatoid was induced in rats by intraplantar injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) into the right foot paw of Wistar rats. Thepaw volume was measured by a plethysmometer. The histology of right foot paw was carried out. For chronic CFA inflammation, induced paw edemaassay was used, whereas chronic inflammation was assessed by CFA induced arthritis. The histopathology of synovial joints (paw) was carried out.Result: The results of the study revealed that in CFA-induced arthritic rats, methylprednisolone, M. calabura ethanol extract, and its fractions wereable to reduce inflammation. Histopathology examination also showed a reduction of in cartilage destruction, influx of inflammatory cells, pannusformation, fibrin deposition, and synovitis.Conclusion: M. calabura L. n-hexane fraction showed a better anti-rheumatic activity in rats among other fractions.Keywords: Muntingia calabura L. leaves, Ethanol extract, N-hexane fraction, Ethyl acetate fraction, Antirheumatic.
KNOWLEDGE OF MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF HEART DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors: Gandhi Andhuvan , P, Ayyappan , C Sahana , S Poovizhi , K Sivasakthi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading killer diseases of people around the world. The purpose of this study was to examinethe CVD risk factor and perception among individuals with high CVD risk.Methods: An observational study was conducted for 6 months in the Department of General Medicine of a Multi-Specialty Hospital. Patients who werehypertensive, diabetic, and dyslipidemia with/without comorbid disease were included. Patients who are seriously ill, mentally retarded, physicaldisabilities, history of CVD, etc., were excluded. CVD risk assessment was done using Framingham risk score, and knowledge assessment was doneusing knowledge questionnaire on CVD risk. Patient counseling was given to the patients based on their risk and knowledge level and also to improveknowledge about CVD risk and therapeutic goals for the control of blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile, and smoking cessation.Results: A total of 100 patients were included in this study comprising 46 males and 54 female. Male has more risk than female. The factors, viz., age,smoking habits, high cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus showed a greater risk in CVD. Knowledge levels assessed in those patients are 28% patientshaving poor knowledge, 30% patients having fair knowledge, and 42% patients having good knowledge.Conclusion: The study concluded that the participants showed poor knowledge in CVD, which could turn into insufficient preventative behaviors andsuboptimal patient outcomes. Pharmacist implementation is needed to assess CVD risk and to improve the health-related quality of life.Keywords: Cardiovascular disease risk, Framingham risk score, Knowledge questionnaire.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY INDICATING REVERSE PHASEHIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CLINDAMYCIN, METRONIDAZOLE, AND CLOTRIMAZOLE IN PHARMACEUTICAL COMBINED DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Ponnuri Revathi Naga Lakshmi , Pragallapati Prahlad , Sk Mastanamma , N Ravindra , Mandava Venkata Basaveswara Rao , Sudha Borusu Sri Naga , Prasad Koppisetti Baladurga
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of present work was to develop and validate a simple, fast, precise, selective, and accurate reverse phase high-performanceliquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of Clindamycine, Metronidazole and Clotrimazole in a pharmaceutical dosageform.Methods: The separation of these three drugs was achieved on ODS 250×4.6 mm, 5 mm C column. Mobile phase containing 0.1% ortho phosphoricacid buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 55:45 v/v was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1 ml/minute. Temperature was maintained at 30°Cand ultraviolet detection at 238 nm.18Results: The retention times were observed to be 2.591, 3.584, and 4.221 minutes for Clindamycine, Metronidazole, and Clotrimazole, respectively.Linearity was found to be 25-150 μg/ml Clindamycine, Metronidazole, and Clotrimazole, respectively. The method was statistically validated forlinearity, recovery, the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision. The stress testing of the drugs individually andtheir mixture are carried out under acidic, alkaline, oxidation, photostability, and thermal degradation conditions and its degradation products arewell resolved from the analyte peaks.Conclusion: This method was successfully validated for accuracy, precision, and linearity, LOD, and LOQ.Keywords: Clindamycine, Metronidazole, Clotrimazole, Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography, Simultaneous determination,Degradation studies.
RAPID DETECTION OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS SUSPECTS USING LINE PROBE ASSAY
Authors: Saini Sanjeev , Dubey Manoj Kumar , Bhardwaj Uma , Hanif M , Kk Chopra , . Ashwani Khanna , Dwivedi Kaushal Kumar , Vashistha Himanshu , Sidiq Zeeshan , Ahmed Vasim , Sharma Srashty
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: GenoType MTBDRplus line probe assay (LPA) is developed for performing drug susceptibility testing (DST) for Rifampicin (RIF) andisoniazid in sputum specimens from smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and revised national TB control Programme (RNTCP)has endorsed LPA for the diagnosis of multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). This study was conducted to assess the potential utility of LPA for MDR-TBpatient management.Methods: MDR-TB suspects under RNTCP PMDT criteria C referred from different districts in Delhi state were included in the study January 2013 toDecember 2014. Sputum specimens found acid-fast bacilli positive by fluorescent microscopy were processed for LPA.Results: Out of 3062 specimens, 2055 (67.1%) MDR-TB suspects were read as positive and specimens from 1007 (32.9%) suspects were read asnegative in sputum smear microscopy. Out of 2019 specimens valid LPA results, 1427 were found to be pan-sensitive, 280 were MDR-TB, 40 were RIFmonoresistant, 183 were Isoniazid (INH) monoresistant, and 89 specimens were found negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Conclusion: Routine use of LPA can substantially reduce the time to diagnosis of RIF and/or INH-resistant TB and can hence potentially enable earliercommencement of appropriate drug therapy and thereby facilitate prevention of further transmission of drug resistant strains.Keywords: Multi drug resistant tuberculosis, Line probe assay, Rifampicin, Isoniazid.
INTERLEUKIN-18 GENE POLYMORPHISM AND SOME RISK FACTORS IN IRAQI PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Al-askeri Mohammed A , Jabir Ferdous A , Jaber Watheq
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women, which leads to death in a lot of women with breast cancer. The major risk factorsassociated with breast cancer risk related to family history, age, clinical history, lifestyle factors, long-period hormonal exposure, and single nucleotidepolymorphisms in many genes showed possible links with breast cancer incidence risk in different people populations. Our study aimed to figure outthe correlation between smoking, lodging and family history, and other factors with the risk of breast cancer.Methods: Blood sample from female patients with breast cancer and healthy individuals were collected and subjected to tetra-amplification refractorymutation system–polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) technique for −607 C/A mutation of an interleukin (IL-18) gene and SPSS 18 softwareanalyzed the results statically.Results: Results showed no association between lodging and smoking with risk of breast cancer, (p>0.05), while the association between the risk andfamily history were obvious (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results obtained by T-ARMS-PCR technique did not show the association between −607 C/An alternation of IL-18 gene and breastcancer (p>0.05) in the individuals examined in our study.Keywords: Interleukin-18, Gene, Polymorphism, Tetra-amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction, Mutations.
EVALUATING TREATMENT-SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND THE RELATED FACTORS AMONG THE DWELLERS OF SAFASHAHR CITY
Authors: . Sarehrashidi , Yazdanpanah Abbas , . Parvizaghayiibarzabad
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study aims to recognize and evaluate treatment-seeking behavior and the related factors among the dwellers of Safashahr city.Methods: The current applied research is cross-sectional with a population size of 380 and executed in a systematic random sampling among thedwellers of Safashahr city and the villages governed by it. SPSS version 22 has been utilized for analyzing the data in this study. T-test, Chi-squarevariance analysis, Pearson test, and Spearman test have been used to evaluate the significance and the relationship between the understudy variableswith the treatment-seeking variables.Results: 75% of participants in the study have reported being diagnosed with illness in the past 6 months. Visiting family physician was rankedhighest with an average 3.36 followed by public hospitals with an average of 3.05. However, they chose to go to clinic centers with an average of2.1. Self-medication has been reported for an average of 2.6% and 88.2% of the participants in this study have preferred to ignore the medium andless than medium treatment. In this study, a significant relationship has been found between age, number of family members, living location, salary,habitation status, and type of insurance with at least one of the search-for-treatment (p<0.05).Conclusion: Taking into account the findings of the research, lifting the society’s awareness about the consequences of self-medication and ignorancetoward treatment, continuing and executing the urban family physician in other areas, implementation of measures for limiting access to unprescribedmedications, increasing satisfaction, and trust toward public sector and provision and allocation of health resources across cities are recommended asappropriate solutions to improving the pattern of using health services.Keywords: Treatment seeking behavior, Self-medication.
COMPARING THE EFFECT OF SECOND-GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS VERSUS SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS IN REFRACTORY OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Sayah Mehdi , Rahim Fakher
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: In this concise and systematic review, the trend of using major medication modalities prescribed for refractory obsessive-compulsivedisorder (OCD), including serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are discussed.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) systematically using Mesh terms. OCDis extremely disabling and associated with considerable depression and other serious psychiatric illnesses.Results: Through databases, we found 78 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), which included selective SSRI compared with routine drug therapy orplacebo. Out of these 78 studies, 62 studies were conducted on adult patients with OCD, comprising 7920 cases. While only 16 RCTs were performedon children and adolescents with OCD, including 1313 people. We found 24 clinical trial studies related to SGAs, of which were conducted on adultpatients with OCD, including 992 cases.Conclusion: As our data showed among the SSRIs, fluvoxamine has been particularly well studied and used in RCTs in both children and adolescents withOCD. According to the summary of our review, it will be better when therapists use SGAs in the early treatment programs of refractory OCD. Thus, consideringour reviewed, it seems that the first choice of early treatment programs of refractory OCD is fluvoxamine in combination with quetiapine or aripiprazole.Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Refractory, Second-generation antipsychotic drugs, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
A NEED OF BETTER PHARMACOVIGILANCE SYSTEM IN INDIA
Authors: Masurkar Prajakta Pradeep
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIndia is one of the top producers of generics globally and is currently being recognized as the “pharmacy of the world” for the generic drug products.Thus, there is a need that it has best health-care systems in place to regulate and provide better quality drugs by monitoring the possible riskassociated with the use of drugs. Being the generic hub, physicians, pharmacists, etc., should be erudite to provide an alternative cost-effective genericmedicine, which is one of the education-related aspects of pharmacovigilance. We need a more systematic approach to surveillance of drug-relatedproblems, which is at the heart of pharmacovigilance. The health-care system requires new processes to understand the risk-benefit ratio of drugs.The challenges in implementation of better pharmacovigilance in country due to nonavailability of trained staff in pharmacovigilance, lack of trainingof health-care professionals on drug safety, and adverse drug reaction reporting which comprises adverse interactions of medicines with chemicals,other medicines, and food are often neglected leading to under-reporting by health-care professionals as well as patients, lack of expertise, etc., shouldbe overcome by Indian regulatory body via practical oriented knowledge-based system. The web market monitoring, global electronic database,education, association of stakeholders and regulation of herbal medicines standards and allied medicinal systems are vital restructurings needed tobe introduced for a better pharmacovigilance system in India.Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, India.
BIOSIMILAR CURRENT STATUS IN INDIA
Authors: Kamaraj Raju , Manju Manoharan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBiosimilars are biological products that are the replica of their innovator biopharmaceuticals. These are developed after patent expiration ofinnovator biopharmaceuticals and are submitted for separate marketing approval. In view of the structural and manufacturing complexities ofbiopharmaceuticals, biosimilars should not be considered as “biological generics.” The objective of the article will address the current Indian scenarioconducting the clinical trial biological and biosimilar product regulatory requirements for approval of biological and biosimilar product. The NewIndia Guidelines “Draft Guidelines on Similar Biologics were announced in June 2012, by the department of biotechnology at Boston bio and availablein India.Keywords: Biosimilars, Biopharmaceutical, Innovator biopharmaceuticals.
THE STUDY OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY FROM INDIGENOUS PLANTS FROM INDONESIA: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Safitri Dewi , Sukandar Elin Yulinah , Fidrianny Irda , Susanto Eriwan
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study aimed to look for new agents from extracted Indonesia herbs which have antifungal activity with better safety profile against Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Methods: Screening of eleven herbs was perform to determine the highest antifungal activity. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of selected extracts, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorriza) rhizome, and ginger (Zingiber officinalis) rhizome; were determined by using microdilution and agar diffusion methods. Extracts were then combined to evaluate further activities. Selected extracts were fractionated by using liquid-liquid extraction, analyzed by TLC bioautography.Results: ethanolic extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorriza) rhizome, and ginger (Zingiber officinalis) rhizome in combination showed the highest activity and synergistic interaction against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. There were several components from fractions were actively inhibiting corresponding fungi according to TLC bioautography method. Conclusion: ethanolic extracts of rosemary, Java turmeric, and ginger had the highest antifungal potency, both as extract and in combination comparable to ketoconazole as reference drug. These selected extracts are potential to be used as new antifungal agents.
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIAL STRAINS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN RURAL MAHARASHTRA
Authors: Gidamudi Sunil Shivaputrayya , Salunke Gaurav V
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to find out the etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients attending B.K.L. Walawalkar Hospital,Dervan and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern to currently used antimicrobial agents.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural hospital of Konkan Maharashtra, and urine samples were collected from368 clinically - suspected cases of UTIs using the mid-stream “clean catch” method and was tested and cultured using standard procedures. Antimicrobialsusceptibility test (AST) was performed for the isolated pathogens according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results: Escherichia coli (54.84%) was the most prevalent uropathogen. 76.47% of the isolated E. coli were found to be extended spectrum betalactamase producers. A higher prevalence rate of resistance was seen among E. coli to the commonly prescribed antibiotic agents. 32 (94.11%) of34 E. coli isolates recovered had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), with 16 isolates (50%) possessing MAR indices of 0.6.Conclusion: The study indicates the isolated microorganisms in UTI showed very high resistance to the commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs.This suggests the monitoring and rational use of the antimicrobial agents.Keywords: Mid-stream, Culture, Uropathogen, Resistance, Multiple antibiotic resistance.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF APOPTOTIC PROTEINS DOCKED WITH A DIETARY FLAVONOID ERIODICTYOL IN COLON CANCER
Authors: Palani Mariyappan , Natesan Karthi , Vaiyapuri Manju
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: In this study, to evaluate the computational studies of eriodictyol docked with apoptotic proteins.Methods: AutoDock Vina and Molecular Graphics Laboratory tools were used to determine the interaction between proteins and eriodictyol.Discovery studio visualizer and PyMOL were used to determine the interaction of amino acid residues between apoptotic proteins and eriodictyol.Results: The obtained results revealed more binding affinities of p53, caspase 8, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl-2 - associated X protein (BAX), andadenomatous polyposis coli (APC) of −10.6, −10.9, −9.0, −9.5, and 7.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Interaction of hydrophobic polar contacts of amino acidresidues of p53 (CYS-277 and ALA-276), caspase 8 [THR-467, THR-337 (2), and GLU-396 (2)], Bcl-2 [ARG-103 (3), ALA-104 (2), and PHE-105, TYR101],BAX[GLY-108,TRY-107, ASN-106, and GLN-155 (2)], and APC [GLU-40 (2) and LEU-37 (2)] were notified between macromolecules and smallmolecules. The calculation of root-mean-square deviation of proteins and eriodictyol showed the lower binding energies to be 11.6, 12.5, 15.9, 19.6,and 15.8 and the upper binding energies to be 12.4, 15.3, 16.9, 20.7, and 18, respectively. The homology of binding energies was determined below 2Å which is computationally less expensive and easily determined the hydrophobic polar contacts.Conclusions: The homology of binding energies was determined below 2Å which is computationally less expensive and easily determinedthe hydrophobic polar contacts. The results were proved that the eriodictyol highly interacted with apoptotic proteins. It might be a stronganti-inflammatory activity of colon cancer. In future, computational molecular docking studies should aid further in vitro and in vivo studies.Keywords: AutoDock Vina, p53, Eriodictyol, Caspase 8, B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2 - associated X protein, Adenomatous polyposis coli.
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE STUDIES ON LEAVES OF MACARANGA TANARIUS
Authors: Hendra Phebe , Fenty Fenty , Julianus Jeffry , Aurelia Jamil Oktariani , Maharani Dian Ayu , Suhadi Maria Angelika , Yulanda Putri Cyndi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study investigated the antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of the hexane-ethanol fraction of methanol extract ofMacaranga tanarius (HEM) in rats.Methods: The hexane-ethanol fraction was screened for toxicity by oral acute toxicity study. The antihyperlipidemic effect of the hexane-ethanolfraction and the unsolved of the hexane-ethanol fraction is measured against Wistar rats induced by glucose-fructose diets for 42 days throughmeasuring serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and fastingblood glucose. The hepatoprotective effect of the hexane-ethanol fraction is determined against Wistar rats with liver damage induced by carbontetrachloride through measuring serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkalinephosphatase (ALP), albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total bilirubin.Results: There is no toxic effect that was observed on acute toxicity study. The TG, LDL-c, and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly (p<0.05)reduced after both of treatment the hexane-ethanol fraction and the unsolved HEM. Administration of the hexane-ethanol fraction 68.6 mg/kgBWsignificantly (p<0.05) prevented elevation of SGPT, SGOT, LDH, ALP, and decreasing of albumin level.Conclusion: The study showed antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activities of the HEM in animal models.Keywords: Macaranga tanarius, Antihyperlipidemic, Hepatoprotective.
THE OUTCOME OF CEFUROXIME VERSUS METRONIDAZOLE AS SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS FOR HYSTERECTOMY - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN A SOUTH INDIAN SETUP
Authors: Tahniyath Fatima , Rozati Roya , Mehdi Ayapathi Gautam , Aiman Ayapathi Vikram , Fatima Saman , Chowdary Gogineni Divya
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the outcome of cefuroxime and metronidazole as surgical prophylactic measure for hysterectomy procedures in a South Indiansetup.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 60 women who underwent hysterectomy and was prescribed metronidazole and cefuroxime. Thedata regarding demographic details, presenting complaints, parity, obstetrics history, diagnosis, and need for hysterectomy were evaluated.Results: A total of 148 women admitted with hysterectomies performed were taken into consideration of which 68 were prescribed cefuroxime andmetronidazole alone but 8 patients did not respond to treatment and were given other antibiotics, hence 60 patients formed the study population. Themean age was 20±05.29 years. Patients above 51 years were mostly seen. Uterovaginal prolapse was very commonly observed, anemia (mild=7) wasthe main risk factor found, cefuroxime was commonly prescribed compared to metronidazole, and febrile episodes were commonly noticed. One-wayANOVA revealed the F ratio to be 6.04, p value calculated as 0.06 significant at p≤0.10.Conclusion: In our study, cefuroxime appeared to be effective in prophylaxis against infections. Metronidazole appeared to be ineffective comparedto cefuroxime.Keywords: Antibiotic, Surgical prophylaxis, Hysterectomy, Infections.
THE EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INFUSION SOLUTION AND RINGER’S SOLUTION ON PARTICLE SIZE OF INTRAVENOUS LIPID EMULSION (INTRALIPID 20%)
Authors: Bangun Hakim , . Jumiaty, , . Jumiaty, , Arianto Anayanti , Arianto Anayanti
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the effect of admixing intralipid (IL) with sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.9% infusion solution or Ringer’s solution (RS) on physicalstability of IL.Methods: Incompatibility test was done in two methods of admixture, i.e. in one container (1:1) and through three-way stopcock (1:2). They wereobserved for 24 hrs on its emulsion type, pH, microscopic observation of lipid globules, and globules size.Results: The results of admixing IL and electrolyte solution (NaCl or RS) in one container and through three-way stopcock showed no changes in colorand emulsion type (O/W). Physical stability evaluation results of IL and NaCl admixture in one container and through three-way stopcock showedthat the pH value was 5.1 and 5.2, respectively, and microscopic observation of lipid globules and its size showed coalescence on 24 hrs with size625.16 nm (one container) and stable during 24 hrs (three-way stopcock). Physical stability evaluation results of IL and RS admixture in one containerand through three-way stopcock showed that the pH value was 4.9 and 5.1, respectively, and microscopic observation of lipid globules and its sizeshowed coalescence on 12 hrs with size 572.81 nm (one container) and flocculation on 24 hrs with size 558.12 nm (three-way stopcock).Conclusion: Admixing electrolyte solution (NaCl or RS) and IL in one container and through three-way stopcock causes the larger globule size of IL.Keywords: Intralipid 20%, Sodium chloride 0.9% infusion solution, Ringer’s solution, Physical stability.
EFFECT OF SODIUM VALPROATE AND DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID ON INFLAMMATION IN RATS
Authors: Kunder Sushil Kiran , Bairy Laxminarayana Kurady , A Avinash
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of sodium valproate and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation using variousexperimental models in albino Wistar rats.Method: A total of 48 adult Wistar albino male rats were divided into 8 groups of 6 rats each. Group I was control (distilled water 1 ml/kg), Group IIreceived intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of indomethacin (10 mg/kg), Groups III-V were injected (i.p.) with sodium valproate 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgwater, and Groups VI-VIII were given sodium valproate 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plus DHA 300 mg/kg (i.p.), respectively. Anti-inflammatory activitywas assessed using carrageenan induced paw edema and the cotton pellet granuloma models.Results: We found that higher doses of sodium valproate (400 mg/kg) used either alone or with a combination of DHA (300 mg/kg) showed asignificant anti-inflammatory activity when compared to control in both the models of inflammation.Conclusion: Combination of sodium valproate along DHA has shown promising anti-inflammatory activity.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory drugs, Sodium valproate, Rat model.
EVALUATION OF SERUM-FREE IRON AND GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN IN UNCONTROLLED TYPE-II DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Kamalam R , Nalini Ganesan , Anbazhagan M
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common health problem in the world. Free iron may contribute to the pathogenesis and progress of thisdisease and its complication. Iron causes hyperinsulinemia by decreasing the insulin uptake and metabolism by hepatocytes. Elevated iron stores arecommonly found in insulin resistance. Iron in its free form is known to induce oxidation of biomolecules by producing harmful hydroxyl radicals. Inthis study, we aimed to estimate and compare the serum levels of free iron in diabetes and healthy individuals.Methods: This study included 244 subjects in two groups. Group-I comprised 204 subjects with DM and Group-II comprised 40 healthy subjects. Bloodsugar, free iron, and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed in blood samples using standard kits. The results of all the parameters were expressed asmean±standard deviation. Student t-test was done to assess the statistical significance between two groups. The association between the parameterswas studied by Pearson correlation.Results: In this study, we found a significant increase in serum free iron in Group-I (p<0.01) when compared with Group-II. A significant correlationbetween the serum free iron and glycated hemoglobin (r=0.59; p<0.001) and fasting blood sugar (r=0.43; p<0.001).Conclusion: The elevated serum free iron in uncontrolled diabetes may contribute to oxidative stress which may be associated with complicationsof diabetes.Keywords: Free iron, Glycated hemoglobin, Hyperinsulinemia, Diabetes mellitus.
ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF GENOTOXIC IMPURITIES IN FEBUXOSTAT DRUG SUBSTANCE AND PRODUCTS
Authors: N Balaji , Sultana Sayeeda
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: An efficient ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC or Infinity LC 1290) method has been developed and validated for thequantification of possible carcinogenic or genotoxic impurities in febuxostat drug substances and drug products at 18 µg/ml level.Methods: This method includes the conclusion of four potential genotoxic impurities in febuxostat. The mobile phase is trifluoroacetic acid,acetonitrile, and water with linear gradient elution. The UHPLC column used for the analysis was zorbax RRHD eclipse plus C18 with a length of100 mm, internal diameter of 2.1 mm, and particle size of 1.8 µ.Results: The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the impurities are <0.1 (0.00001%) and 0.3 µg/ml (0.00003%) with respect to febuxostattest concentration of 1000 µg/ml, respectively. This method has been validated as per ICH guidelines Q2 (R1).Conclusion: A rapid, cost-effective infinity LC method was wonderfully established for quantitative analysis of possible genotoxic impurities offebuxostat drug substance and drug products.Keywords: Febuxostat, Genotoxic impurities, Ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph, Infinity-LC 1290, Validation.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER TISSUES OF HYPERCALORIE DIET-INDUCED OBESE RATS
Authors: Ambadasu Bharatha , S Ramadevi , Aa Naikawadi , M Naveen Kumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Hypercalorie diet intake has been associated with many long-term complications including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods: A total of 12 Wistar rats either sex were used in this study. These animals were randomly divided into two groups as control and obese rats.Group 1 consists of six rats weighing 150-200 g and fed with normal pellet chow. Another six rats were fed hypercalorie/cafeteria diet to induce obesity andincluded in the study after 19 weeks of age. All animals were sacrificed; liver tissues were collected, weighed and sent for the histopathological examination.Results: Weight of liver tissues of was significantly more in obese rats than the control rats. Histopathological examination shows an excessive fatdeposition and sinusoidal congestion in the liver tissues of obese rats.Conclusion: Increase in body weight is associated with the increase in fat deposition in the liver tissues which further develops into inflammationand necrosis of liver cells.Keywords: Wistar rats, Hypercalorie/cafeteria diet, Obese rats, Histopathological examination.
MAXILLARY INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR
Authors: Rao Deeksha P , Pujary Kailesh , Mathew Mary , Bhandarkar Ajay M
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a benign disorder of locally aggressive nature. It is an indolent tumor with a slowly progressive courseand varied manifestation presenting with a wide range of clinical manifestations depending on the site of origin. We present a case of IMT in themaxillary sinus presenting with hemifacial pain, oculomotor palsy and ptosis which was successfully treated with endoscopic local excision and oralsteroid therapy.Keywords: Plasma cell granuloma, Maxillary pseudotumor, Maxillectomy, Steroid therapy, Radiotherapy.
ANALYSIS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Roy Dolly , Purkayastha Ayan , Tigga Rohit
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospitalization. The objective of this study is tomeasure the incidence, types, and nature of ADR in a tertiary care hospital located in Silchar, Assam.Methods: A retrospective noninterventional analysis of all ADRs reported by ADR Monitoring Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Silchar MedicalCollege, from March 2014 to February 2015 was performed. A total of 162 predesigned forms were used for collection of data. All forms were dulychecked for completeness, if not, they were rejected.Results: A total of 162 forms were assessed of which 96 (59%) were females and 66 (41%) were males. The distribution of ADRs in different age groupswere found to be 3 (1.85%) in 0-15 years, 71 (43.82%) in 16-30 years, 65 (40.12%) in 31-45 years, 8 (4.93%) in 46-60 years, and 15 (9.25%) in agegroup >60 years. 150 (92.6%) of the ADRs were serious and 12 (7.4%) were not serious. As per the World Health Organization causality assessmentscale, 120 (74.07%) were probable and 42 (25.92%) were possible. The most common ADR was anaphylactic reaction (AR) in 69 (42.59%) patients.The drugs which commonly caused ADR were iron sucrose infusions, nevirapine, cephalosporins, antiprotozoals, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs, and quinolones followed by others.Conclusion: The majority of ADRs were probable. The most common ADR was AR caused by iron sucrose infusion. Different drugs caused differentADRs. ADRs thereby increase morbidity and mortality in patients as well as socioeconomic burden.Keywords: Adverse drug reaction, Anaphylactic reaction, Iron sucrose infusion, Noninterventional, Retrospective analysis.
A RARE CAUSE OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS WITH PLEURAL EFFUSION: BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI
Authors: Patil Dr. Navin Ashok , O Balaji , N Karthik Rao , Hande Manjunath , Ahmed Talha , Singla Sarthak
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTMelioidosis is a fatal disease, most prevalent in South-East Asia, Northern Australia, and the Indian subcontinent is caused by Gram-negativesaprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei. Septic arthritis due to melioidosis is very rare and should be a differential diagnosis in patient presenting withseptic arthritis in endemic areas. It results in severe morbidity. Hence, we report a case of septic arthritis of left knee and hip in a young patient wholater developed pleural effusion caused by B. pseudomallei.Keywords: Septic arthritis, Pleural effusion, Vietnamese bomb.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IN-VITRO NITRIC OXIDE SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF BALOFLOXACINVS PRULIFLOXACIN
Authors: Ranka Puja , Vp Karthik
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: To compare the free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant potentials of balofloxacin versus prulifloxacin.Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity was determined using the method of Garret (1964). Sodium nitroprusside in aqueous solutionat physiological pH spontaneously generates NO, which interacts with oxygen to produce nitrite ions which can be determined by the use of Griessilosvay reaction. 2 mm of 10 mm sodium nitroprusside in 0.5 ml phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) was mixed with 0.5 ml prulifloxacin and balofloxacinat various concentrations and the mixture incubated at 25°C for 150 minutes. From the incubated mixture 0.5 ml was taken out and added into 1.0 mlsulfanilic acid reagent (30 in 20% glacial acetic acid) and incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes. Finally, 1.0 ml naphthylethylenediaminedihydrochloride (0.1% w/v) was mixed and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. The resultant absorbance was recorded at 540 nm using a spectrometer. The percentage inhibition was calculated using the formula:−Abs AbsPercentage inhibition 100control sample= ×AbsResults: At concentration of 10, 20, 30, and 40 µg/ml percentage inhibition observed with prulifloxacin and balofloxacin was 40.94, 53.09, 66.25, 88.06 and 34.49, 49.09, 60.42, and 73.14, respectively. controlConclusion: Thus, this in vitro study suggests that both prulifloxacin and balofloxacin possess antioxidant properties. At the lower doses both thedrugs show similar antioxidant profile, while at the higher doses the antioxidant potential of prulifloxacin is significantly high than balofloxacin.However, the preference of selecting one over the other depends on the indication as well as the risk-benefit ratio.Keywords: In vitro, Nitric oxide, Prulifloxacin, Balofloxacin.
PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF CUCUMIS MELO L.: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTCzech collection of Cucumis genetic assets is maintained in Olomouc by the Gene Bank Workplace of the Research Institute of crop production. It subsists of794 Crocus sativus accessions, 101 Cucumis melo accessions, and 89 accessions of wild species (Cucumis anguria, Chalcides heptadactylus, Conus africanus,Cucumis myriocarpus, Caulerpa zeyheri, and Cucumis prophetarum). Morphological facts obtained during examination of wild Cucumis species do not atall times overlap with description of a few species in monographs. The taxonomical range of some accession should be reconsidered. An internationaldiscrepate list for cultivated. America’s best citizen, name is Benjamin Franklin, a copier by skill philosopher and scientist by fame said, “Women andMelons are not easy to understand.” Musk melon (Cucumis melo) is a gorgeous, juicy, and delicious fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family, which have 825species in 118-119 genera. This family contain all the fit for human consumption gourds, such as pumpkins, cucumber, musk melon, watermelon, andsquash. Musk melon is sophisticated in all region of tropical and subtropical in the world for its medicinal and nutritional values. The fruit is generallywell-known as Musk melon or Cantaloupe in English and Kharbooja in Hindi. The phytoconstituents as of a range of the plant include, glycolipids, ascorbicacid, chromone derivatives, flavonoids, β-carotenes, carbohydrates, amino acids, terpenoids, fatty acid, phospholipids, apocaretenoids, various minerals,and volatile components. C. melo has been exposed to acquire useful medicinal properties such as antiulcer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, free radicalscavenging, antioxidant, anthelmintic, diuretic effect, antiplatelet, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antifertility activity. Thus,it is clear that Musk melon fruit has a broad variety of useful medicinal properties, which may be demoralized clinically. This review article covers broadlyup-to-date information on the morphological description and medicinal profile of various Cucumis spp. and Musk melon.Keywords: Musk melon, Cucumis spp., Antiulcer, Anioxidant.