bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Development and Protected Natural Areas: The Case of Tunkinsky National Park in Russia
Authors: Kirillov Sergey , Vorobyevskaya Elena , Slpenchuk Mikhail , Zhuravlev Viktor
Published: October 2021

The creation of rational nature management systems meets the needs of society and the necessary level of reproduction of natural resources and environmental protection.  This is the main goal of the strategies for sustainable development of the regions. An integrated approach to assessing natural resource potential necessarily includes an economic assessment of the maximum possible number of environmental services. It forms the basis for territorial and sectoral planning. Protected natural areas have not only valuable biosphere resources, but also unique natural, historical and cultural opportunities for recreational activities. The territory of Tunkinsky National Park, located in the Republic of Buryatia in Russia, completely coincides with the borders of Tunkinsky administrative district of the Republic of Buryatia. Conflicts in the use of natural resources occur between the need to ensure the protection of nature and the development of economic activities. Using the example of Tunkinsky National Park, the role of a territory that is hardly affected by human economic activity, which provides ecologically important conditions for the life of society, is determined in monetary terms.
Waste Footprint of Selected City Districts of Prague
Authors: Vološinová Dagmar , Ansorge Libor
Published: October 2021

The growing population, thriving economy, rapid urbanisation significantly accelerate the generation of municipal waste. Tightening conditions for waste management are a challenge for all stakeholders to comply with the law and, at the same time, motivate them to reduce waste production. The knowledge of the biosphere's assimilation capacity can quantify the environmental impact of waste in an understandable and popular form to better understand the human need to assimilate the waste produced. Utilising the waste footprint indicator and anthropogenic emissions in the form of waste are converted into soil adsorption capacity. The article compares the waste footprints of different areas of the city of Prague. It quantifies the influence of living and waste services on the waste footprints of the capital inhabitants. This article also discusses the relationship of the waste footprint with other footprints and is intended to inform future debate on trace accounting.
Strategic Analysis of Export Activities of Enterprises to Ensure Sustainable Development
Authors: Pakhucha Elina , Babko Natalia , Bilousko Tamila , Bilousko Roman , Vynohradenko Serhiy , Azizov Otabeg
Published: October 2021

In the article necessity and significance to study of financial risks, which are a constant factor in the activity of any enterprise, are substantiated. It is established that for a broader understanding of the essence of financial risk it is necessary to consider it as a cumulative risk of the enterprise. The growing impact of financial risks on the results of financial and economic activities is associated with the uncertain economic situation, the instability of financial market conditions, the rapid introduction of new financial technologies and financial instruments, expanding the scope of financial relations of the enterprise. Methods of financial risk assessment are investigated, which involve the identification of risks, determining the causes of their occurrence and potential risk areas, as well as the negative consequences of making a risky decision or possible benefits. Comparing the methods of quantitative assessment of financial risk, it was found that the level of risk may vary depending on the chosen method of assessment. A system of financial ratios has been formed to quantify the risk of enterprises of different sizes, namely for large, medium and small enterprises, which most accurately reflect the current financial situation. An assessment of the financial results of enterprises operating in the field of wholesale trade. The financial results before the taxation of activity as an indicator that characterizes the potential for profit generation of wholesale trade enterprises by size distribution are studied. The value of financial results (balance) before taxation of wholesale trade enterprises is forecasted. It is established that the growing pressure of the crisis and insecurity on the part of the state will lead to the transition from the crisis in which enterprises are today, to a state of economic bankruptcy. This situation requires the formation and use of financial resources of enterprises, based on the system and complexity of making and implementing management decisions. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of financial risks of wholesale trade enterprises belonging to groups of large, medium and small enterprises was carried out. Based on these calculations, the ranking of priorities in the management of financial stability. It is established that the first place among the blocks of financial coefficients of risk assessment of enterprises is occupied by the block of business activity, then the block of profitability indicators, the block of liquidity indicators, the final block of capital structure. For each of the defined blocks the directions of increase, or optimization that will provide financial stability of the enterprise are presented.
The Securing a Claim in the Context of Sustainable Development: An Evaluation of the Latvian Experience
Authors: Gvozdevičs Andrejs
Published: October 2021

Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides for the right of everyone to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. An important guarantee, such as the enforcement of a court judgment, is also enshrined in human rights theory and practice, as unenforced judgments pose a threat to legal stability, which is one of the fundamental basis for the sustainable development of society. The institute of law of the securing a claim serves in cases where execution of the future judgment may be impossible or made substantially more difficult. The aim of the research is to study the legal framework, which determines the regulations of the securing a claim in Latvia in order to make proposals for enhancement of the legal framework. The research deployed descriptive, analytical and deductive-inductive methods as well as the methods of interpretation of legal norms. Using these methods, legal acts, views of legal scientists and case law were reviewed and analyzed, and subsequently conclusions and recommendations were made. Analyzing the development of the securing a claim it can be admitted that this institute of law in Latvia has problems as the application of the securing a claim in court practice within the framework of limited adversarial and dispositivity principles, as well as shortcomings in the theoretical foundations of the securing a claim which are based on the findings of legal scientists of the last century. As a result of the research, the author drew the conclusions, that Latvia does not make sufficient use of the long-standing successful procedural solutions for securing a claim in others states, such as court mortgages, bank guarantee or mortgage of the plaintiff to secure the defendant's losses, defendant's protection letter to protect against unjustified securing a claim, a possibility to secure a claims which are not financial in nature and many more that can make legal regulation of the securing a claim more modern and effective.
Criminal Liability for Cryptocurrency Transactions: Global Experience
Authors: Cherniei Volodymyr , Cherniavskyi Serhii , Babanina Viktoria , Tykho Оlena
Published: October 2021

The article examines the features of criminal liability for transactions related to the circulation of cryptocurrencies. In order to determine the specifics of criminal violations in the field of cryptocurrency circulation, the legal nature of cryptocurrencies is studied. It is concluded that in order to properly qualify criminal offenses related to the circulation of cryptocurrencies, it is advisable to recognize cryptocurrencies as a type of property or money. The article analyzes the global approaches to the legal regulation of relations related to the circulation of cryptocurrencies. Based on the results of this analysis, it is concluded that relations regarding cryptocurrencies in most countries of the world are insufficiently regulated and are still outside of the legal field. This complicates, inter alia, the establishment of criminal liability for transactions involving the circulation of cryptocurrencies. A significant part of the article is devoted directly to the study of criminal liability for transactions involving the circulation of cryptocurrencies in different countries. The norms of the Criminal Codes, which establish liability for criminal violations in the field of cryptocurrency circulation, are analyzed. The measures that need to be implemented to ensure the control of government agencies over the circulation of cryptocurrencies and the security of all operations related to cryptocurrencies are identified.
The Sustainable Project Management Utilization in French Wineries While Adapting to Climate Change
Authors: Zhang Ruixin , Carboni Joel
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, the issue of climate change has attracted attention in various fields. The rise of global temperature makes humanity must take note of environmental protection and the Sustainability of different domains. The planting of vineyards and the production of wine have also been greatly affected. Since the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) officially became the 17 development goals set by the United Nations in 2015, sustainable project management development is at the forefront globally. In recent years, the wine industry has developed rapidly worldwide. However, global climate change is a challenge for French wineries if they want to maintain their high-quality wine style. Therefore, in order to cope with the impact of climate change on wine, wineries have begun to implement sustainable development project management in all aspects. Especially French wineries that make much account of Sustainability in this respect. This paper proposes the one aspect – Wine Production of CWW Conceptual model that can be used in the French wineries, Four Drivers of Sustainable Project Management Implementation Model to interpret the main drivers that impact project management implementation in the wine industry. Using mixed-method research approach, qualitative research with interview-based analysis is the primary method, as well as surveys used to interpret the elements of sustainable project management necessarily utilizing in French wineries that would help them to achieve green growth.
The Contributing Factors of Carbon Footprints Among Hotels on the Island of Mauritius: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Toshima Makoondlall-Chadee , Naadir Goolamally , Ramasamy-Coolen Priya , Chandradeo Bokhoree , Ravi Foogoa
Published: October 2021

The tourism and hospitality industry is a worldwide known trillion-dollar industry and a major economic generator for several economies. Despite a positive economic contributor, the challenges of the tourism industry cannot be overlooked. The tourism industry is right now definitely more involved on the broader aspects of sustainable tourism but nevertheless still contributes 8% of the GHG emissions globally. This work aims at identifying and addressing the main contributing areas responsible for the greenhouse gas emissions for the hotel industry in Mauritius. A quantitative approach based on an adapted framework of the hotel carbon measurement initiative (HCMI) was used to collect data from four hotels with different ratings and which were selected through convenience sampling. Land use for buildings, energy consumption and emissions, refrigerants being used in the hotel, water consumption and wastes being produced are researched as major contributors of GHG from the hotels and these were captured and analyzed. Comparatively, the findings revealed that the carbon footprint for 4-star, 5-star and 5-star plus hotels were found to be lower than the average carbon footprint of other hotels of similar categories worldwide. However, for 3-star hotels, the latter was found to be higher. Plausible recommendations were made accordingly to reduce carbon emissions for each hotel type.
Oil Spill Cleanup Techniques - A bibliographic analysis of the latest methods and their efficiency
Authors: Ismayilova Nurana
Published: October 2021

Oil spills have become a center of concern for scientists especially these days due to climate change and environmental health. The traditional methods seem to be unable to intensively fight with the exponentially increasing amounts of spillage and the research for new methods is urgent. The paper aims at reviewing the existing techniques of the removal of oil spills alongside collecting and analyzing the efficiency of the latest and eco-friendly methods of the cleanup. It also compares the current situation in the different parts of the world and the methods used by the developed countries to fight this environmental disaster.
Incidental Hepatic Granulomata as the Initial Presentation of Crohn's Disease in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Mostafavi Mojdeh , Sayej Wael , Hansen Blake , Cretara Anthony , Mueller James , Hirsch Barry
Published: October 2021

We describe a 9-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain, found incidentally to have multiple liver granulomata. Extensive autoimmune and infectious workup was negative. The patient had esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy, confirming the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Hepatic granulomata are a rare complication of Crohn's disease and are often secondary to pharmacotherapy or infection in immunosuppressed patients. This case, to our knowledge, is the first reported case of a pediatric patient diagnosed with Crohn's disease after initially presenting with hepatic granulomata as an extraintestinal manifestation of the disease.
Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: distinct form or cancer growth stage?
Authors: Solodkiy Vladimir A. , Fomin Dmitri K. , Galushko Dmitri A. , Asmaryan Hayk G.
Published: October 2021

Background. Over the past decades an increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has been observed throughout the world owing to the improved diagnostics. There are many different opinions about the aggressiveness degree of this group of tumors, as well as about the tactics of managing patients with PTMC.

Aim of the study is the identification of the prognostic factors responsible for the features of the clinical course, including the more aggressive one.

Materials and methods. A study was carried out with a detailed analysis of a group of patients with papillary thyroid cancer ≤1 cm in size and the existing clinical data of regional and distant metastases. All patients underwent thyroidectomy with bilateral central cervical lymph node dissection. Factors such as gender, patient age, bilaterality, extrathyroid extension, the presence or absence of a capsule around the tumor node, the absence or presence of metastases in the central part were assessed. In 26.6% histological examination revealed metastatic lesions of the central group lymph nodes. Latent metastases were detected in 24.2% of women and 43% of men, in 36.7% of patients <55 and in 14.3% of patients ≥ 55 years, in 29.5% with the absence of the node capsule and in 19.3% with encapsulated tumors, in 48.1% with multicentric growth and in 19.5% with a solitary neoplasm, in 21.7% with a tumor size ≤0.5 cm and in 27.9% with a node of 0.6–1 cm, in 24% with the absence of invasion of the thyroid capsule and in 31% with the presence of extrathyroid invasion, in 21% of patients with typical, in 26% with follicular and 43% with mixed papillary cancer. 95 patients received radioiodine therapy. No additional metastases were found in them.

Results. When conducting univariate analysis, the main signs influencing the development of metastases in the central zone were age up to 55 years (p = 0.009, χ2 = 6.919) and multicentric neoplasm (p = 0.004, χ2 = 8.530); in multivariate analysis, similarly, age younger 55 years (p = 0.000, Exp B = 0.011, CI 95.0% 0.001–0.106) and multifocality (p = 0.027, Exp B = 2.686, CI 95.0% 1.119–6.448).

Conclusion. PTMC is not a separate group or tumor morphotype, and the determination of treatment tactics for this group of patients should be based not only on the size of the tumor, but on the clinical and biological parameters of the tumor.
Estratégias de internacionalização brasileiras: Algumas lições do Ciência sem Fronteiras
Authors: Da Silva Talita Guimarães , Silva Tarcisio Torres
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo busca elencar as principais estratégias de internacionalização em voga atualmente e aquela desempenhada no Brasil por meio do programa Ciência sem Fronteiras (CsF). Através do levantamento bibliográfico e documental, investigamos as estratégias mais lucrativas e prestigiadas ao redor do mundo e como a iniciativa  brasileira se configurou no cenário mundial. Observamos que nos moldes em que a internacionalização acontece hoje, o movimento favorece países ricos e do norte, garantindo poder econômico e político às principais universidades acolhedoras. No caso brasileiro, apesar de caro e pouco arquitetado com as principais demandas da pesquisa, o programa garantiu mobilidade estudantil e acesso ao ensino de línguas, possibilidades pouco promovidas ou mal desenvolvidas até então na história da educação superior brasileira.
Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Depression, the Challenge for Clinicians and Researchers
Authors: Galušková Karolína , Šonka Karel
Published: October 2021

The review deals with idiopathic hypersomnia, focusing mostly on the research findings about the presence, onset and severity of excessive daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia.
Does Systemic Arterial Hypertension Change the Function of the Stomatognathic System?
Authors: Lellis João Batista Mattos , Borges Tânia de Freitas , de Oliveira Richard Honorato , Palinkas Marcelo , Hallak Jaime Eduardo Cecilio , Siéssere Selma , Regalo Simone Cecilio Hallak
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stomatognathic system of individuals with controlled systemic hypertension through comparison with a disease-free control group. Seventy individuals (44 female and 26 male) were divided into two groups: a controlled systemic hypertension (n=35) and a disease-free control (n=35). The individuals were evaluated on the basis of masticatory cycle efficiency of the value of the ensemble-averaged integrated linear envelope to the electromyographic signal of the masseter and temporalis muscles in the habitual (peanuts and raisins) and non-habitual chewing (Parafilm M); molar bite force (right and left) and ultrasound images from the bilateral masseter and temporal muscles at rest and maximum voluntary contraction. The data obtained were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between groups in the habitual (peanuts and raisins) and non-habitual (Parafilm M) chewing with reduced muscle activity to controlled systemic hypertension group. Muscle thickness occurred significant difference between groups at rest and maximum voluntary contraction of the temporalis muscles. There was no significant difference between groups in maximum molar bite force. The present study findings indicate that the controlled systemic hypertension promotes functional changes of the masticatory system, especially with respect to its masticatory efficiency and muscle thickness.
Oral Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report
Authors: Sen Suman , Sen Sheuli , Kumari M. Geetha , Khan Sufia , Singh Subhasini
Published: October 2021

Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of the epidermal melanocytes. Awareness and early recognition of pigmented lesion inside oral cavity helps in initial diagnosis and further investigation and treatment. Oral malignant melanoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm commonly seen among middle age. The diagnosis of melanoma initiates from the pre-existing pigmented lesions. The poor prognosis of oral melanomas requires that pigmented lesions of undetermined origin be routinely biopsied. A case of malignant melanoma of hard palate with its clinical, radiological and histopathological presentation along with brief review is presented. Prognosis of these lesion is poor with survival rate of 5 years.
The
Authors: Aidi Mohammad , Fazelpur Fatemeh , Heydarnezhad Zahra , Behzadi Arghavan
Published: October 2021

The present study aims to investigate the effect of intra-organizational factors on human resource development in small knowledge-based companies by considering the components of knowledge management in. The study adopts a practical approach and descriptive-correlation method. The data collection instrument is questionnaire. To measure intra-organizational factors the questionnaire of Fazili and Alishahi (2012), to measure knowledge management the questionnaire of Patrick et al.( 2009), and to human resources development a researcher-made questionnaire are used. The statistical population includes 450 managers and shareholders from knowledge-based companies in Lorestan Province, Iran. Based on Krejcie and Morgan (1985) table, a sample size of 208 people was selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Lisrel. Findings highlight that intra-organizational factors have a positive and significant effect on human resource development and knowledge management components as well as knowledge management components have a positive and significant effect on human resource development.
Foundations of a Relativity Marketing Theory
Authors: Kortam Wael , Abbas Abdelhameed
Published: October 2021

This research aims to open the way to review of the philosophical postulates and ideological pathways that govern the contributions in marketing theory, to reflect the scientific marketing truth. We do not mean by this to trace the history of marketing thought, but rather, a re-investigation of the logic of its existence and being. It is an attempt to re-explore and depart from the axioms that ruled marketing thought. Marketing theory emerged from being a scientific theory that can be true or false, to be an "ideology” defended by its supporters. From this point; this research set the foundation for developing a new general marketing theory based on the relativity concept, has the ability and adaptation to exceed the boundaries of “product, technology, time, place, context and customer”, acquires its being and existence from the verification of the current philosophy of marketing science, and considering the marketing experience
Virtual Education in Chile, An Example of A New Space For Learning
Authors: Tomé José Manuel Salum
Published: October 2021

The Virtual Education was born in 2002 from a joint project between the Center for Improvement, Experimentation and Pedagogical Research CPEIP and the Center for Education and Technology Links.

 

CPEIP has developed a line of distance teacher training through the Internet running several courses since 2002, and Links during the last 15 years has dedicated its efforts to provide the access of teachers and students to educational opportunities associated with new technologies of Information and communication. Both institutions decided to combine their efforts and develop a joint project that integrates the CPEIP distance teacher training line, up to now aimed at curriculum updating, different strategies to support the appropriation of ICTs and their curricular integration.
Criticism of the Concepts of Diversity and Inclusion in Western Countries
Authors: Steinmetz Carl H. D.
Published: October 2021

This article answers the question, "is the use of the words inclusion and diversity an expression of institutional racism?" In almost all Western countries, immigrants and refugees barely penetrate all levels of organizations. Immigrants and refugees are mostly found in the lower echelons of an organization. To put it irreverently: the dirtier and heavier the work, the more immigrants and refugees are found there. Also in governments and parliaments immigrants (not even the second, third and fourth generation) are hardly to be found. So the good example is lacking. This article starts with an etymological examination of inclusion and diversity. The outcome is briefly summarized: " we want YOU -immigrant and/or refugee- to come and work for us because we are not allowed to hire only natives". That human rights are violated in this way does not seem to be an issue. Furthermore, we argue that it is precisely the words inclusion and diversity that prevent the recruitment of immigrants and refugees, as well as expats who have lost their jobs, from being given a high priority. This article proposes two new terms as just and equitable alternatives to inclusion and diversity. First, the statistical concept of representative and second, in support of the static concept of representative, the concept of wanting to be a mirror of the population from the neighbourhood, city or country that the leadership of the company or institution believes should be part of the work organization and from low to high. To further support this argument to replace the concepts of inclusion and diversity, Moscovici's (2001) concept of social representation is used. This article also looks at existing toolboxes and toolkits that Western countries have developed to ensure that organizations of governments, institutions independent of government, and businesses are representative of neighbourhoods, cities, and countries. Companies in particular are committed to this because they understand better than anyone that their paying customers are also immigrants, refugees and expats. This knowledge of toolboxes and toolkits was helpful in developing a guideline for organizations of governments, institutions independent of government and companies and therefore also parliaments and governments. The guideline also addresses violations of this guideline. To address violations, it proposes a self-learning model for teams in organizations that is also consistent with enforcing the Working Conditions Act in Western countries.
Public-Private Partnerships and the Healthcare Sector Performance in Kenya
Authors: Munyoki Michael , Nasieku Tabitha
Published: October 2021

Healthcare is one of the fundamental development agenda to any nation and its adequate provision in an accessible, quality and sustainable manner is the supreme responsibility of the state. However, the burden of healthcare cannot be met by the government alone, but requires substantial investment from the private sector as well. This article reviews the existing empirical literature to examine the contribution of private investment on the healthcare sector performance in Kenya. Existing evidence shows that there is minimal private-public partnership in the health sector in Kenya. The main factors inhibiting private-public partnership investment in the sector were attributed to the uncertainty associated with universal healthcare. Further, the scheme is characterised by an overall lack of transparency and accountability surrounding contracts, costing and allocations with many of the safeguards against these kinds of challenges blatantly ignored by several actors and in turn raising issues of accessibility for citizens. Also, private sector credit and political regimes have a negative but significant influence on private investments generally.
Collaborative Model for Integrated Waste Management in Gresik Regency, East Jawa
Authors: Diana Diana Hertati
Published: October 2021

The issue of solid waste is increasingly urgent to be handled by the Gresik district government. Population growth and socio-economic activities in this area have a positive correlation with the increase in the amount and type of waste. This condition will certainly threaten the regional ecosystem, so collaboration between the government, the community and the private sector is needed in integrated waste management. The research objectives are to identify the existing condition of integrated waste management in Gresik Regency, to map the driving and inhibiting factors in integrated waste management and to formulate a model format for an integrated waste management paradigm change. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach to obtain a complete description of the collaboration model in integrated waste management. Sources of data obtained from secondary data, literature studies, interviews and observations. Informants consist of the Head of the Department of Cleanliness and the Environment and his staff, the public and the private sector. Methods of data collection is done by using interviews, focused group and discussion. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis from Miles and Huberman consisting of four components, namely: data collection (data collection), data condensation (data condensation), data presentation (data display) and conclusion drawing or verification (conclusion and verifying drawing). The results of the study indicate that waste management in Gresik Regency which is carried out in an integrated manner with the collaborative involvement of stakeholders has not been able to be carried out optimally and completely until it reaches the Final Disposal Site. The potential of resources owned by the Gresik Regency Government structurally has not been able to optimally solve problems in waste management. There are encouraging and inhibiting factors originating from the systemic conditions of the Gresik Regency Government which do not run proportionally in overcoming the problem of waste management. The existence of an alternative model of changing the paradigm of integrated waste management is possible to overcome the problems of waste

management in Gresik Regency.
Ancient Giant Sequoias Are Dying: Scientists Refuse to Acknowledge the Cause
Authors: Herndon J. Marvin , Williams Dale D. , Whiteside Mark
Published: October 2021

California’s Giant Sequoias and Coast Redwoods, long symbols of strength, longevity, and resilience, have survived natural climate change for as long as 3,000 years, but are now succumbing to human manipulation of the natural environment. Scientists concerned with the wellbeing of these magnificent trees blame their recent die-offs on climate change, drought, and insects while turning a blind eye to the primary underlying cause: environmental modification by jet-emplacement in the troposphere of toxic particles evidenced as coal combustion fly ash. Said aerosolized particulates cause droughts and deluges, heat the troposphere, contaminate rain, snow, and fog with plant-killing toxins including chemically-mobile aluminum, coat foliage, and exacerbate forest fires. The aerial spraying depletes stratospheric ozone, allowing damaging ultraviolet radiation B and C to reach Earth’s surface. These environmental stressors weaken the trees to the point they are attacked by insects and pathogenic fungi. Here we disclose the unspoken, underlying cause of the die-offs of Giant Sequoias and Coast Redwoods. Through a diabolically-deceptive, Trojan horse, United Nations’ International Treaty the governments of sovereign nations were coerced to wage environmental warfare against their own citizens and the natural environment under the guise of peaceful environmental modification. Remaining trees, and indeed much of the life on Earth, can only be saved if this environmental modification is halted.
Prosty język w komunikacji prawniczej – okiem redaktora językowego
Authors: Zandberg-Malec Justyna
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the practical use of plain language rules in editing law-related texts. The author believes that it is possible and worth the effort to write legal texts in accordance with the rules of plain language, i.e. with the expected reader in mind, giving examples of rewritten sentences taken from the articles for an online law portal. The author divides the processes in terms of ‘structural order’ and ‘linguistic order’ and shows that even cosmetic editing in the spirit of plain language, without affecting the text’s structure, improves its intelligibility.
„Pani gruba i nieletka, gruba także portmonetka” – o dawnych i współczesnych znaczeniach (użyciach) przymiotnika gruby
Authors: Pacuła Jarosław
Published: October 2021

In the article, the author presents the semantics of the lexeme gruby. He draws attention to the stages and mechanisms of shaping secondary meanings of the word (presenting changes from the Old Polish period to the present day). The analyses are based on the methods commonly adopted in lexical semantics. A special place in the considera­tions is given to the meaning ‘an obese, overweight person.’ The observations also concern aesthetic evaluation in language (and, partly, ethical evaluation as well), and at the same time the topic is connected with the analysis of the exponents of lexical parameterisation.
Techniki ustanawiania ekwiwalencji w wybranych tekstach stylu urzędowego z XVII i XVIII wieku
Authors: Osowski Błażej
Published: October 2021

Equivalence may be interpreted as the relationship between units of the same lan­guage or two different languages. The article analyses the equivalence between units of the same linguistic system, with the assumption that equivalence is the relation­ship between words/phrases with a common referent. This is a semantic relationship strongly dependent on context; one which is fully realised only on the level of parole, a specific use. The analysed material comprises inventories, surveys and testaments from the seventeenth and (mostly) eighteenth centuries. The aim of the article is to present the methods for determining equivalence between the units present in the text. Seven of such methods are highlighted.
A Biofeedback-Assisted Stress Management Program for Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Exarchopoulou Konstantina , Papageorgiou Anna , Bacopoulou Flora , Koumantarou Malisiova Elli , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Chrousos George P. , Darviri Christina
Published: October 2021

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects the functionality and quality of life of the affected persons. There is a well-established detrimental reciprocal relationship between stress and IBS. In this randomised controlled trial, IBS patients were randomly assigned to an 8-week biofeedback-assisted stress management intervention group (n=24) or a control group (n=22). Psychometric measures were performed at baseline and following intervention to assess perceived stress, health locus of control and depressive symptoms. In patients of the intervention group, perceived stress and symptoms of depression were significantly decreased, while the sense of control over health was increased. The intervention program was beneficial to the health and quality of life of individuals with IBS. Future randomised controlled studies with larger samples and longer follow-up are required to establish the effectiveness of stress-management techniques in functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Reframed narrativity in literary translation: an investigation of the explicitation of cohesive chains
Authors: Li Xi , Li Long
Published: October 2021

Explicitation is a key concept in translation studies referring to turning what is implicitly narrated in a source text into explicit narration in a target text; it has been widely studied from different aspects across language pairs and genres. However, while most previous studies investigate explicitation through a few indicators of explicitness, most of which are specific logical links and connectives, textual explicitness encompasses far beyond these. To date, little attention has been paid, especially in literary translation, to semantic explicitation, which is realized through cohesive chains in textual development. Since cohesive chains represent the development of events and characters throughout the text, it is assumed the more there are of them, the more tangible a text is in realizing its meaning within its context. This research, therefore, sets out to investigate the cohesive chains in a Chinese classic novel, Hong Lou Meng, and in its two English translations, The Dream of the Red Mansions and A Story of the Stone, with an emphasis on how the texts are manifested as narratives in the respective contexts with different readers. It has found a trend of explicitation in translation from Chinese source text to English target texts in terms of the numbers of cohesive chains and the lexical items forming the chains. It has also found differences in the distribution of different types of cohesive chains (identity chains and similarity chains), which represent distinctive patterns of realizing the context in each text. The interpretation of these different stylistic features in narrative reflects both typological differences and translators’ choices.
Embodiment is not the answer to meaning: a discussion of the theory underlying the article by Carina Rasse and Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. in JLS 50(1)
Authors: Teubert Wolfgang
Published: October 2021

This article offers a critical response to the discussion in Carina Rasse and Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. article in JLS 50(1) entitled, Metaphorical Thinking in Our Literary Experiences of J.D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”. My paper reconsiders how different the paradigm of cognitive linguistics, particularly in the tradition of conceptual metaphor research, is to that of discourse linguistics, especially in the hermeneutic tradition. Do the two approaches aim at irreconcilable objectives, particularly as cognitive linguistics is focussed on what happens in people’s heads and/or bodies when creating an utterance, whereas I argue that as language is social, it is about the communication of meaning. Discourse linguistics explores what it takes to make sense, to consciously interpret utterances in their contexts, as what an utterance means is how it is intertextually linked to other related utterances. In other words, the meaning of any segment of an utterance of a text, is the sum of the ways in which this segment has been paraphrased in related occurrences. In this paper, I present the two frameworks from my own, strongly biased, perspective.
Reconsidering Calcium Silicate Pipe and Block Industrial Insulation
Authors: Shong David C.
Published: October 2021

Calcium silicate (calsil) insulation has been used for over 45 years for medium- to high-temperature industrial process piping, pressure vessels, storage tanks, and equipment. Calsil gained a strong reputation as the workhorse industrial insulation for oil refineries, power and chemical plants, and pulp and paper mills. In the early decades, numerous North American factories were producing it using two primary types of production: wet molding and filter pressing. Over time, as industrial plants began stripping and replacing calsil during turnaround, the material became associated with increased levels of corrosion under insulation (CUI). This historical trend caused the calsil market to decline, precipitating plant closures and the exit of nearly all manufacturers from the market. By 2002, the remaining North American calsil factories utilized the wet-molding production process. Today, the product is manufactured in accordance with ASTM C533 Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation, Type 1. Although wet-molded calsil meets and exceeds all of the physical property requirements within the C533 type I material standard, filter-pressed calsil exhibits specific improved properties in terms of density, compressive and flexural strength, and abrasion resistance. This paper discusses advances in manufacturing technology and economic influences that fully address the historically cited reasons that engineers eliminated calsil insulation from specifications. The inherent high strength of filter-pressed, water-resistant calsil will support cladding and prevent crushing of insulation, helping to keep the primary weather barrier intact and the insulation dry. This passive protection method will improve system performance, process control, and worker safety, and reduce emissions and risks associated with CUI.
Wood Foam and Textile Reinforced Concrete in Sandwich Elements and Self-Supporting Modules to Modernize Intermediate Ceilings in Old-Building Renovation
Authors: Wisner Gregor , Bunzel Frauke , Sydow Steffen , Stammen Elisabeth , Dilger Klaus
Published: October 2021

Old-building renovation is often a cost-saving way of implementing modernization with regard to comfort and energy savings in existing cities and villages. It also preserves the architectural heritage of such places by avoiding demolition and replacement by rationalized and sometimes faceless architecture. That does not mean that old-building renovation has to forego all the advantages of modern construction and materials. Modern renovation can reduce costs by using a high degree of prefabrication and the right size of a modular design, and it can be sustainable by using a large portion of renewable materials and avoiding or minimizing the use of energy- and waste-intensive materials. A new concept in old-building renovation, self-supporting modules to be mounted in a tessellated structure to modernize intermediate ceilings for reinforcement and increased comfort, was born from research on constructions made basically of wood and concrete by using adhesive bonding as a major joining technique. Small-scale furniture-size modules are necessary to access the buildings through doors, staircases, or windows. To keep the total mass as light as possible, wood and wooden products are combined with thin fiber-reinforced concrete floating screed (footfall sound insulation). The modules are joined by structural adhesive bonding with electrically heated adhesive tapes combined with traditional methods in timberwork. A recently developed wood-based insulation material, the so-called wood foam, is used as the main insulation material in the modules. Wood foam uses the wood's own binding capabilities to avoid synthetic binders. It can be made from wood or annual plants with ligneous fibers and enables the use of renewable resources, which are currently not regarded as useful materials. This paper gives an overview of self-supporting modules in a tessellated structure, including their adhesive bonding aspects and the integration of wood foam as the principal insulation material.
A Survey of the Thermal Resistivity of Rigid Cellular Polystyrene Insulation
Authors: Zimmermann Eugene , Bergstrom Todd , Grant Ted , Whalen James
Published: October 2021

This survey examines the thermal resistivity for a variety of polystyrene insulation products. Several expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) products were evaluated, and their thermal resistivity over time was evaluated. The polystyrene insulation products evaluated were sampled from commercially available sources, and the materials conformed to ASTM C578, Standard Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation. Testing for thermal resistivity was conducted using ASTM C518, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus. The Research Method of ASTM C1303, Standard Test Method for Predicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation, was used to estimate the aged thermal resistivity of the polystyrene insulation products for up to 50 years. The ASTM C1303 aged thermal resistivity values are compared to the ASTM C518 thermal resistivity results. This survey identifies the range of thermal resistivity or R-value per inch expected for various polystyrene insulation products over varying time domains.
Aged In Situ Performance of Stone Wool Roof Insulation
Authors: Noto A. J. , Knapman Brendan
Published: October 2021

While the thermal performance of a roof insulation is an important metric to consider when selecting and specifying products, several other material characteristics need to be evaluated, such as compressive strength, fire resistance, moisture absorption resistance, dimensional stability, and substrate durability. Roofing insulation manufacturers provide laboratory test results for these and other material characteristics. However, limited information is available for the performance of aged in situ materials. This lack of information can potentially lead to issues because the performance of aged, installed material may not match the performance at the time of its manufacturing, and more importantly may no longer meet the project specifications. The reliability of a product's long-term durability is critical to the performance of the complete assembly. This paper will discuss the need to compare actual in-service performance characteristics of aged material to the performance of new as-manufactured material. This type of information can help design professionals and owners make an informed decision about the material's suitability and longevity. To demonstrate this type of evaluation, this paper presents two case studies that reviewed and compared the aged in situ performance of stone wool insulation to new as-manufactured data. The case studies focused on multiple performance metrics tested per ASTM standard test methods. The stone wool insulation was installed in two different roofs and had been in place for 10 years at two separate sites in southern Canada. Multiple insulation specimens were extracted as representative samples for testing. The study reviewed the moisture content, compressive strength, adhesive/cohesive strength, and peel strength of the insulation. The results are compared to newly manufactured specimens to evaluate if or how the insulation's performance has changed over the 10 years.
Dynamics and Impact of Vapor-Driven Moisture on Properties of Insulating Foams
Authors: Woodcraft Valentina , LeBlanc G. Kim , Spinu Maria , Weston Theresa
Published: October 2021

Low-density thermal insulation foams demonstrate an increase in thermal conductivity (or reduction in R-value) with increased water content in the foam interior. The rate and amount of moisture transport through closed-cell foamed plastics differ for liquid water and water vapor by approximately an order of magnitude. Water vapor penetrates foamed plastics, such as closed-cell thermal insulations, much more readily when it is subject to thermal and water vapor pressure gradients. We studied water vapor permeation into low-density thermal insulations upon exposure to water vapor drive conditions of varying magnitude, and we monitored the thermal properties of these materials. We confirmed that the relative change in R-value is correlated with the volume fraction of water in the material, regardless of the material’s composition. Further, our studies indicate that the density of the foamed closed-cell plastic materials influences the slope of the linear correlation, with a more pronounced effect for higher-density thermal insulations. We also share moisture absorption rates for a variety of thermal insulations and quantify how these rates depend on exterior conditions (e.g., temperature and humidity settings). To complement these data, we offer drying rates for the same materials. Finally, we relate our findings to several typical applications and compare the analytical predictions with field results.