bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Combined Femoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block Plus Popliteal Block with Spinal Anesthesia for Thigh Tourniquet Pain During Foot or Ankle Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Dabir Shideh , Mosaffa Faramarz , Hosseini Behnam , Alimoradi Vahideh
Published: August 2020

Background: A pneumatic thigh tourniquet is routinely used during lower-extremity orthopedic surgeries to provide a bloodless field. When using peripheral nerve blocks, tourniquet-related thigh pain and discomfort limit their routine use as an anesthetic method. Objectives: The aim of the present prospective, randomized study was to compare the efficacy of combined femoral nerve/lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block technique and spinal anesthesia on intraoperative thigh tourniquet pain. Methods: We studied 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery on the foot or ankle using a pneumatic thigh tourniquet. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. The peripheral nerve block group received a combined popliteal, femoral, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block under ultrasound-guidance. In both groups, the level of sensory blockade was determined by the pinprick test. The block performance time, anesthetic effect time, intraoperative tourniquet pain scores, the amount of fentanyl and ketamine, surgery duration, and patient’s satisfaction were recorded. Results: The patients’ characteristics were comparable in the two groups. The mean duration of block performance and anesthetic effect, intraoperative tourniquet pain scores, and the amount of intravenous analgesics in the peripheral nerve block group were significantly greater than those in the spinal anesthesia group. Patient satisfaction was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Spinal anesthesia is significantly more effective than the peripheral nerve block method in reducing thigh tourniquet pain. A combined femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block with popliteal block can improve thigh tourniquet tolerance if supplemented with intravenous analgesics.
Iranian Version of the Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors (QLACS) Questionnaire: Examining Face and Content Validity, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Reliability
Authors: Fathollahi-Dehkordi Fariba , Farajzadegan Ziba , Hematti Simin , Motamedi Narges
Published: August 2020

Background: Quality of life among cancer patients after diagnosis and treatment steps is an important factor in preventing further cancer complications. Thus, appropriate tools to evaluate the quality of life among this group are required. Quality of life in Adult Cancer Survivors (QLACS) questionnaire is a suitable tool which evaluates different aspects of life among cancer survivors. Objectives: This study evaluated the Persian version of the QLACS questionnaire among Iranian short-survivors of breast cancer by assessing its validity and reliability. Methods: The QLACS was translated to Persian for this study. The questionnaire's face and content validity were assessed by a panel of experts by the impact score, content validity ratio, and index methods. In the next step, the questionnaire was filled out by 150 women with breast cancer who were diagnosed 1.5 - 5 years before this study. Explanatory factor analysis was performed to assess factors. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Overall, 37 items were selected for explanatory factor analysis that had an impact score of more than 1.5, content validity ratio (CVR) more than 0.99, and a suitable content validity index (CVI). In factor analysis, 10 factors were extracted via varimax rotation, accounting for 75.8% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha of all the factors was more than 0.7, that was similar to the original questionnaire. Conclusions: We conclude that the Persian version of the QLACS questionnaire has optimal properties for the assessment of quality of life among Iranian short-survivors of breast cancer.
Science and Politics During the Cold War – The Controversial Case of Sexology in Communist Romania
Authors: Jinga Luciana ,   Zeta Books
Published: August 2020

The paper investigates how formal/informal networks of scientists, while facilitating the scientific West-East transfer in the Cold War context, shaped the scientific field of sexology by imposing personal scientific credos, in a particular national context. The paper shows that in the Cold War context, sexual science was present in Communist Romania, but neither as imitation of the regional scholarship, nor as a simple reproduction of western advancements in the field. The post-war Romanian scholarship in the field of sexology was the result of scientific interests of Stefan Milcu – long time party protégée and respected member of the international scientific community – and of its personal circle that included remarkable personalities such as Victor Săhleanu or Tudor Stoica. Presenting the public with information about sexual and re­productive functions, and sometimes even elaborated descriptions of sexual techniques, certainly was never meant to enhance the individual gratification or provoke any form of sexual revolution. The Romanian production of sex/educational manuals and of sexology works was part of a state policy towards a better, stable, family life, aiming for collective and social happiness.
The Status of Philosophy During the Communist Regime in Romania
Authors: Maci Daniela ,   Zeta Books
Published: August 2020

The text approaches the status of Romanian philosophy during the communist period from two points of view: a) that of speech: while a new philosophical vocabulary becomes official, the old one fades away; b) that of the communist educational system. My analysis will consider the first period (1950-1960) in which “the new philosophy” (Dialectical Materialism, DIAMAT) was disseminated in society, and the second period (1970-1980) in which Marxism could not be reduced to DIAMAT. Are these periods subsumed to the universal ideology (DIAMAT) or not?
A review of the Indian species formerly assigned to the genus Storena Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with the description of a new genus
Authors: Sankaran Pradeep M. , Caleb John T.D. , Sebastian Pothalil A.
Published: August 2020

Indian spider species currently assigned to Storena Walckenaer, 1805 are revised mostly based on the type material available in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. A new genus, Laminion gen. nov. is proposed to include four species; three are transferred from Storena: Laminion arakuensis (Patel & Reddy, 1989) gen. et comb. nov., Laminion birenifer (Gravely, 1921) gen. et comb. nov. and Laminion debasrae (Biswas & Biswas, 1992) gen. et comb. nov., whereas the fourth species is from Suffasia Jocqué, 1991: Laminion gujaratensis (Tikader & Patel, 1975) gen. et comb. nov. The species Storena tikaderi Patel & Reddy, 1989 syn. nov. is synonymised with L. birenifer gen. et comb. nov. Storena dibangensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 and Storena indica Tikader & Patel, 1975 are transferred to Mallinella Strand, 1906. All the type material examined are imaged and redescribed. In addition, images of the type material of Storenomorpha joyaus (Tikader, 1970) are presented.
Study about Ambivalence and Desire for Child Birth by Working Mothers: Focusing on Mediation Effect of Multiple-role Efficacy
Authors: An Jeong Shin , Choe Myeong Ae
Published: August 2020

This study examined the relationship between ambivalence of Korean working mothers for children and their future desire for child birth. This study examined multiple-role efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between ambivalence for their children and future desire for child birth by Korean working mothers having more than one pre-school aged child. This study examined the mediation effect of multiple-role efficacy on the relationship between ambivalence and desire for child birth by working mothers. On-line and off-line survey data from 291 Korean working mothers with more than one pre-school aged child was used for this study. Collected data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 program and descriptive statistics analyses. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were conducted by AMOS 20.0 program. Results showed that ambivalence for children of working mothers having pre-school aged children had no direct influence on future child birth desire. However, their ambivalence had an indirect influence on future child birth desire through multiple-role efficacy and multiplerole efficacy by working mothers had significant effect on child birth desire. In conclusion, the working mothers’ multiple-role efficacy had a mediation influence on the relationship between ambivalence for children and desire of child birth. These results were discussed for designing a policy to counter low birth.
Médium ou média ? Film ou cinéma ?
Authors: Jullier Laurent
Published: August 2020

Cet article a pour objectif de clarifier la distinction entre médium et média, notamment lorsqu’elle est utilisée comme outil heuristique, en prenant comme exemple de son application celui du cinéma. La discussion s’y déroule en trois temps. D’abord, une mise au point terminologique montre qu’un certain flou entoure les catégories de médium et de média, ce qui rend leur emploi quelque peu problématique dans un cadre scientifique. Ensuite, une stratégie qu’on pourrait qualifier de « soustractive » est examinée, celle de la « spécificité du médium », couramment employée dans le champ de la critique, mais peut-être pas aussi efficace qu’on le pense dans le cas de notre exemple, celui du cinéma. La difficulté à énoncer des définitions d’essence ayant été montrée, on se tournera alors vers les définitions d’usage, ce qui suppose d’observer, parmi les pratiques quotidiennes du commerce avec les films, celles qui semblent articuler la différence entre médium et média.
La mère abjecte dans la transcréation québécoise
Authors: Pascal Marie
Published: August 2020

Si les champs de la sociologie et de la psychanalyse se sont intéressés à la thématique de l’abjection, à ce jour, peu d’études ont été consacrées à ses formes artistiques, soient-elles littéraires ou cinématographiques. Dans cet article, nous évaluons les représentations de la mère abjecte entre quatre paires de textes et films de la transcréation québécoise :Un homme et son péché(Grignon 1933 ; Binamé 2002),Le torrent(Hébert 1950 ; Lavoie 2012),Le collectionneur(Brouillet 1995 ; Beaudin 2002) etBorderline(Labrèche 2000 ; Charlebois 2008). Pivot de la thématique de ces romans, la mère apparaît comme cause de marginalité et lieu honni pour les personnages qui tentent de s’en éloigner. Or les films tirés de ces ouvrages ne se contentent pas de représenter les sèmes abjects de la mère à l’écran : ils transcréent cette thématique qui investit en conséquence les différentes strates filmiques. À partir de la narratologie d’André Gaudreault, nous considérons tour à tour, dans quatre micro-analyses (portant sur les prégénériques, les effets de tournage, de cadrage et de montage), différents visages de l’abjection disséminée entre images, textes et sons.
Allah al-Khaliq: Deus criador no islã – noções fundamentais a partir do Alcorão
Authors: Maçaneiro Marcial
Published: August 2020

Deus é professado como criador pelas três religiões abraâmicas: judaísmo, cristianismo e islã. Contudo, ainda que as conexões entre Antigo e Novo Testamento sejam largamente tratadas pela catequese e teologia das igrejas, a compreensão islâmica de Deus como criador é pouco conhecida entre os cristãos. Para incrementar este conhecimento, com vistas ao diálogo islâmico-cristão na sociedade de hoje, apresenta-se neste artigo a visão teológica do criador na perspectiva do islã. A abordagem parte do Alcorão e se dispõe em sete tópicos: atributos, mediações, propósito, ação, revelação, perfeição e invocação do criador. Esses tópicos têm caráter didático, permitindo aproximações à vários aspectos da ontologia, cosmologia e escatologia muçulmanas. Deste modo, apresentam-se os elementos fundamentais da noção islâmica de Deus como criador – em árabe al-Khaliq.
A formação para o diálogo dos ministros ordenados: abordagem do magistério eclesiástico católico
Authors: Silva Éverton Aparecido da
Published: August 2020

Dialogar ajuda as pessoas a humanizar as relações e a superar as incompreensões. É um modo de ser cristão e ser Igreja. É importante para a Igreja abrir-se ao diálogo com quem possui posições confessionais, ideológicas ou pessoais discordantes. A pertinência do tema se apresenta porque ocorre até muita discursividade e pouca prática. A formação dos futuros presbíteros é um dever e um direito exclusivo da Igreja. A dificuldade de estabelecer contato com quem não possui a mesma confissão de fé que a sua é o próprio desafio lançado. A formação para o diálogo inter-religioso e ecumênico é imperativa, principalmente nos ambientes que formam os líderes religiosos de suas instituições. Este estudo se refere à formação presbiteral dos ministros ordenados da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana. Procura-se verificar se o magistério eclesial católico fomenta, suficientemente, o diálogo com as pessoas e instituições religiosas. E ainda, se a formação presbiteral prevê em suas constituições tornar o futuro presbítero um ministro do diálogo. Eis, neste sentido, elementos importantes das dimensões humana, intelectual, espiritual e pastoral-missionária que auxiliam a compreensão e a urgente busca da formação para o diálogo dos futuros ministros ordenados. Afinal, o seminarista precisa fazer a passagem de uma teologia do diálogo para a prática do diálogo.
Da plenitude à ecologia integral: apelos do Sínodo da Amazônia para as relações dialogais
Authors: Andrade Joachim
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem o intuito de realizar uma abordagem holística sobre o Sínodo da Amazônia, a partir da palavra-chave plenitude, com três imagens distintas: do Oriente, da africana e do Ocidente. Recebe o tratamento para as formas em que o divino dialoga com a humanidade em contextos específicos para preservar a ordem ou estabelecer a justiça. Além disso, o artigo busca sinalizar os desafios levantados pelo sínodo, tanto para a Igreja como para a humanidade. O artigo identifica três gritos específicos da região surgidos conforme contextos distintos e ouvidos pelo sínodo. A análise sobre os gritos pretende fornecer algumas pistas concretas sobre as atitudes que devem ser tomadas tanto pela Igreja como pelos governos. Por fim, o artigo apresenta alguns caminhos de diálogo como resposta e também como escuta aos apelos do sínodo.
Amazônia em chamas: a tensão entre o cuidado e o desamor
Authors: Bortoleto Edivaldo José , Rosa Eustáquio , Freitas Margarida , Meneghetti Rosa Gitana Krob , Horibe Tereza Mitsue
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma ação que tem como fundamento o carisma da unidade, e que, ao desenvolver suas atividades numa região precisa, como será apresentado – no coração da Amazônia brasileira, no município de Óbidos – dá a perceber a atualidade do carisma onde quer que o carisma chegue – quer seja numa metrópole, quer seja no coração de uma floresta. O texto deseja enfatizar a atualidade e a eficácia do carisma em comunidades na floresta, comunidades à beira de lagos, e à beira do grande rio, e os frutos que esse mesmo carisma gera ao tocante à evangelização, à irradiação espiritual e às necessidades na sociedade civil, porque é um serviço à população e, sobretudo, à população que precisa. Também quer mostrar as relações de afinidades do carisma da unidade com a tradição da Doutrina Social da Igreja que ganha seu ápice no Concílio Vaticano II. Esta tradição está na base da teologia e na espiritualidade do papa Francisco que ganha concretude em seu pontificado e em seus documentos e dialoga com a teologia da criação de John Wesley, revelando, assim, uma perspectiva ecumênica já presente nas respectivas tradições aqui representadas. Por fim, o conjunto deste artigo move-se no âmbito de uma teologia narrativa.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Law No. 6 Year 2018 regarding Health Quarantine
Authors: Widjaja Gunawan
Published: August 2020

Abstract. By late March, to anticipate the spreading of COVID-19 pandemic, the President of the Republic of Indonesia has issued several regulations. The Author has examined that the main laws that were used as the based for the issuance of those regulations are Law No.6 Year 2018 regarding Health Quarantine (the Health Quarantine Law). Therefore in order to handle COVID-19 pandemic, an understanding of the Law become a must. The aim of this research is to elaborate and explain the Health Quarantine Law to reduce the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is normative legal research. The research used secondary data, which consisted of primary legal sources and secondary legal sources. Data were collected through the "google scholar machine". Data obtained were analyzed using a qualitative approach. Findings and analysis proved that besides those newly issued regulations there were several measures and acts that should be taken to handle the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The Author suggests that the Central Government shall take the necessary steps as soon as possible.
The contribution of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections to transmission on the Diamond Princess cruise ship
Authors: Emery Jon C , Russell Timothy W , Liu Yang , Hellewell Joel , Pearson Carl AB ,   CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Atkins Katherine E , Klepac Petra , Endo Akira , Jarvis Christopher I , Davies Nicholas G , Rees Eleanor M , Meakin Sophie R , Rosello Alicia , van Zandvoort Kevin , Munday James D , Edmunds W John , Jombart Thibaut , Auzenbergs Megan , Nightingale Emily S , Jit Mark , Abbott Sam , Simons David , Bosse Nikos I , Leclerc Quentin J , Procter Simon R , Villabona-Arenas C Julian , Tully Damien C , Deol Arminder K , Sun Fiona Yueqian , Hué Stéphane , Foss Anna M , Prem Kiesha , Medley Graham , Gimma Amy , Lowe Rachel , Clifford Samuel , Quaife Matthew , Diamond Charlie , Gibbs Hamish P , Quilty Billy J , OReilly Kathleen , Knight Gwenan M , Eggo Rosalind M , Kucharski Adam J , Funk Sebastian , Flasche Stefan , Houben Rein MGJ
Published: August 2020

A key unknown for SARS-CoV-2 is how asymptomatic infections contribute to transmission. We used a transmission model with asymptomatic and presymptomatic states, calibrated to data on disease onset and test frequency from the Diamond Princess cruise ship outbreak, to quantify the contribution of asymptomatic infections to transmission. The model estimated that 74% (70–78%, 95% posterior interval) of infections proceeded asymptomatically. Despite intense testing, 53% (51–56%) of infections remained undetected, most of them asymptomatic. Asymptomatic individuals were the source for 69% (20–85%) of all infections. The data did not allow identification of the infectiousness of asymptomatic infections, however low ranges (0–25%) required a net reproduction number for individuals progressing through presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of at least 15. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections may contribute substantially to transmission. Control measures, and models projecting their potential impact, need to look beyond the symptomatic cases if they are to understand and address ongoing transmission.
Mining of prognosis-related genes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma immune microenvironment
Authors: Ma Jiong , Cheng Pu , Chen Xuejun , Zhou Chunxia , Zheng Wei
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore the effective immune scoring method and mine the novel and potential immune microenvironment-related diagnostic and prognostic markers for cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSSC).

Materials and Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data was downloaded and multiple data analysis approaches were initially used to search for the immune-related scoring system on the basis of Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumour tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. Afterwards, the representative genes in the gene modules correlated with immune-related scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm were further screened using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and network topology analysis. Gene functions were mined through enrichment analysis, followed by exploration of the correlation between these genes and immune checkpoint genes. Finally, survival analysis was applied to search for genes with significant association with overall survival and external database was employed for further validation.

Results

The immune-related scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm was closely associated with other categories of scores, the HPV infection status, prognosis and the mutation levels of multiple CSCC-related genes (HLA and TP53). Eighteen new representative immune microenvironment-related genes were finally screened closely associated with patient prognosis and were further validated by the independent dataset GSE44001.

Conclusion

Our present study suggested that the immune-related scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm can help to screen out novel immune-related diagnostic indicators, therapeutic targets and prognostic predictors in CSCC.
Additional records and stratigraphic distribution of the middle Eocene carettochelyid turtleAnosteira pulchrafrom the Uinta Formation of Utah, North America
Authors: Adrian Brent , Holroyd Patricia A. , Hutchison J. Howard , Townsend KE Beth
Published: August 2020

Background

Anosteira pulchrais one of two species of the obligately-aquatic freshwater clade Carettochelyidae (pig-nosed turtles) from the Eocene of North America.Anosteira pulchrais typically rare in collections, and their distribution is poorly documented. The Uinta Formation [Fm.] contains a diverse assemblage of turtles from the Uintan North American Land Mammal Age. Whereas turtles are abundantly preserved in the Uinta Fm.,A. pulchrahas been reported only from a few specimens in the Uinta C Member.

Methods

We describe new records ofAnosteira pulchrafrom the Uinta Basin and analyze the distribution of 95 specimens from multiple repositories in the previously published stratigraphic framework of the middle and upper Uinta Fm.

Results

Here we report the first records of the species from the Uinta B interval, document it from multiple levels within the stratigraphic section and examine its uncommon appearance in only approximately 5% of localities where turtles have been systematically collected. This study details and extends the range ofA. pulchrain the Uinta Fm. and demonstrates the presence of the taxon in significantly lower stratigraphic layers. These newly described fossils include previously unknown elements and associated trace fossils, with new anatomical information presented. This study provides insight into the taxonomy ofAnosteiraspp. in the middle Eocene, and suggests the presence of a single species, though no synonymy is defined here due to limits in Bridger material.
Valanginian occurrence of Pelomedusoides turtles in northern South America: revision of this hypothesis based on a new fossil remain
Authors: Cadena Edwin-Alberto
Published: August 2020

Pelomedusoides constitutes the most diverse group of Mesozoic and Cenozoic side-necked turtles. However, when it originated is still being poorly known and controversial. Fossil remains from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) Rosa Blanca Formation of Colombia were described almost a decade ago as potentially belonging to Podocnemidoidea (a large subclade inside Pelomedusoides) and representing one of the earliest records of this group of turtles. Here, I revise this hypothesis based on a new fragmentary specimen from the Rosa Blanca Formation, represented by a right portion of the shell bridge, including the mesoplastron and most of peripherals 5 to 7. The equidimensional shape of the mesoplatron allows me to support its attribution as belonging to Pelomedusoides, a group to which the previously podocnemidoid material is also attributed here. Although the Valanginian pelomesudoid material from Colombia is still too fragmentary as to be considered the earliest indisputable record of the Pelomedusoides clade, their occurrence is at least in agreement with current molecular phylogenetic hypotheses that suggest they split from Chelidae during the Jurassic and should occur in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous fossil record.
High fat-fed GPR55 null mice display impaired glucose tolerance without concomitant changes in energy balance or insulin sensitivity but are less responsive to the effects of the cannabinoids rimonabant or Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin on weight gain
Authors: Wargent Edward T. , Kepczynska Malgorzata , Zaibi Mohamed Sghaier , Hislop David C. , Arch Jonathan R.S. , Stocker Claire J.
Published: August 2020

Background

The insulin-sensitizing phytocannabinoid, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) can signal partly via G-protein coupled receptor-55 (GPR55 behaving as either an agonist or an antagonist depending on the assay). The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) inverse agonist rimonabant is also a GPR55 agonist under some conditions. Previous studies have shown varied effects of deletion of GPR55 on energy balance and glucose homeostasis in mice. The contribution of signalling via GPR55 to the metabolic effects of THCV and rimonabant has been little studied.

Methods

In a preliminary experiment, energy balance and glucose homeostasis were studied in GPR55 knockout and wild-type mice fed on both standard chow (to 20 weeks of age) and high fat diets (from 6 to 15 weeks of age). In the main experiment, all mice were fed on the high fat diet (from 6 to 14 weeks of age). In addition to replicating the preliminary experiment, the effects of once daily administration of THCV (15 mg kg−1 po) and rimonabant (10 mg kg−1 po) were compared in the two genotypes.

Results

There was no effect of genotype on absolute body weight or weight gain, body composition measured by either dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), fat pad weights, food intake, energy expenditure, locomotor activity, glucose tolerance or insulin tolerance in mice fed on chow. When the mice were fed a high fat diet, there was again no effect of genotype on these various aspects of energy balance. However, in both experiments, glucose tolerance was worse in the knockout than the wild-type mice. Genotype did not affect insulin tolerance in either experiment. Weight loss in rimonabant- and THCV-treated mice was lower in knockout than in wild-type mice, but surprisingly there was no detectable effect of genotype on the effects of the drugs on any aspect of glucose homeostasis after taking into account the effect of genotype in vehicle-treated mice.

Conclusions

Our two experiments differ from those reported by others in finding impaired glucose tolerance in GPR55 knockout mice in the absence of any effect on body weight, body composition, locomotor activity or energy expenditure. Nor could we detect any effect of genotype on insulin tolerance, so the possibility that GPR55 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion merits further investigation. By contrast with the genotype effect in untreated mice, we found that THCV and rimonabant reduced weight gain, and this effect was in part mediated by GPR55.
Current and future trends in socio-economic, demographic and governance factors affecting global primate conservation
Authors: Estrada Alejandro , Garber Paul A. , Chaudhary Abhishek
Published: August 2020

Currently, ~65% of extant primate species (ca 512 species) distributed in 91 countries in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar, South Asia and Southeast Asia are threatened with extinction and 75% have declining populations as a result of deforestation and habitat loss resulting from increasing global market demands, and land conversion for industrial agriculture, cattle production and natural resource extraction. Other pressures that negatively impact primates are unsustainable bushmeat hunting, the illegal trade of primates as pets and as body parts, expanding road networks in previously isolated areas, zoonotic disease transmission and climate change. Here we examine current and future trends in several socio-economic factors directly or indirectly affecting primates to further our understanding of the interdependent relationship between human well-being, sustainable development, and primate population persistence. We found that between 2001 and 2018 ca 191 Mha of tropical forest (30% canopy cover) were lost as a result of human activities in the five primate range regions. Forty-six percent of this loss was in the Neotropics (Mexico, Central and South America), 30% in Southeast Asia, 21% in mainland Africa, 2% in Madagascar and 1% in South Asia. Countries with the greatest losses (ca 57% of total tree cover loss) were Brazil, Indonesia, DRC, China, and Malaysia. Together these countries harbor almost 50% of all extant primate species. In 2018, the world human population was estimated at ca 8bn people, ca 60% of which were found in primate range countries. Projections to 2050 and to 2100 indicate continued rapid growth of the human populations in these five primate range regions, with Africa surpassing all the other regions and totaling ca 4bn people by the year 2100. Socioeconomic indicators show that, compared to developed nations, most primate range countries are characterized by high levels of poverty and income inequality, low human development, low food security, high levels of corruption and weak governance. Models of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSPs) projected to 2050 and 2100 showed that whereas practices of increasing inequality (SSP4) or unconstrained growth in economic output and energy use (SSP5) are projected to have dire consequences for human well-being and primate survivorship, practices of sustainability-focused growth and equality (SSP1) are expected to have a positive effect on maintaining biodiversity, protecting environments, and improving the human condition. These results stress that improving the well-being, health, and security of the current and future human populations in primate range countries are of paramount importance if we are to move forward with effective policies to protect the world’s primate species and promote biodiversity conservation.
Relationship between Speech Perception in Noise and Phonemic Restoration of Speech in Noise in Individuals with Normal Hearing
Authors: Vijayasarathy Srikar , Barman Animesh
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Top-down restoration of distorted speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of speech in noise, maybe a useful tool to understand robustness of perception in adverse listening situations. However, the relationship between phonemic restoration and speech perception in noise is not empirically clear.Subjects and Methods: 20 adults (40-55 years) with normal audiometric findings were part of the study. Sentence perception in noise performance was studied with various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to estimate the SNR with 50% score. Performance was also measured for sentences interrupted with silence and for those interrupted by speech noise at -10, -5, 0, and 5 dB SNRs. The performance score in the noise interruption condition was subtracted by quiet interruption condition to determine the phonemic restoration magnitude.Results: Fairly robust improvements in speech intelligibility was found when the sentences were interrupted with speech noise instead of silence. Improvement with increasing noise levels was non-monotonic and reached a maximum at -10 dB SNR. Significant correlation between speech perception in noise performance and phonemic restoration of sentences interrupted with -10 dB SNR speech noise was found.Conclusions: It is possible that perception of speech in noise is associated with top-down processing of speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of interrupted speech. More research with a larger sample size is indicated since the restoration is affected by the type of speech material and noise used, age, working memory, and linguistic proficiency, and has a large individual variability.
Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections among Slum Dwelling Women in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Mukutmoni Mandira , Musa Sharmin , Hosna Asmaul
Published: August 2020

Aims: The objective of this trial was to establish the prevalence and risk factors relating to soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections among slum dwelling women in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of the Study: A total of 100 stool samples were collected from Ganaktuli (Hazaribagh) slum of Dhaka city from March to September 2019. Women aged between 21 to 40 years old were part of this study, and only those who had at least one primary school going child were included.

Methodology: The interviewed women were asked to provide their stool samples in the containers supplied by the volunteers, and to fill up a questionnaire regarding their socio-demographic and behavioral practices. Formal Ether Concentration technique was applied to process the stool samples, and detection of helminth eggs was done by microscopy.

Results: Of the hundred women, 87 (87%) were infected with at least one STH. Ascaris lumbricoides (41.38%) showed the highest prevalence followed by Trichuris trichiura (36.78%). Working as day laborers, irregular nail clipping, irregular use of soap after defecation, walking barefoot, using open and common toilet, irregular consumption of antihelminthic drugs were noticed as significant risk factors.

Conclusion: Soil transmitted helminth infection is still a problem in Bangladesh. Proper drug administration and increase of hygiene practices among the slum dwellers are essential to lessen the high prevalence of soil transmitted helminth infections.
Effect of Water Soluble Fertilizers on Yield, Oil Content and Economics of Groundnut
Authors: Manasa V. , Hebsur N. S. , Malligawad L. H. , Gobinath R. , Ramakrishna B.
Published: August 2020

A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, to know the effect of water soluble fertilizers on growth, yield and oil content of groundnut (Cv TAG 24).  The experiment was conducted in a Vertisol with ten treatment combinations consisting of FYM and different doses of recommended NPK as basal soil application and foliar spray of water soluble fertilizers at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing in a Randomized complete block design with three replications. Application of FYM + 100% RDF + foliar spray of fertilizers at 30, 45 and 60 DAS showed higher pod yield (5615 kg/ha) which was 22% higher over application of 100% RDF alone (4601 kg/ha). But the crop was equally responsive in increasing the pod yield, when RDF was reduced by 15% along with foliar application of water soluble grade fertilizer. The yield components, kernel yield (3892 kg/ha), haulm yield (8916 kg/ha), total number of pods plant-1 (33.80), =sound mature kernels (88.67) and oil yield (1858 kg/ha) were highest in the treatment of FYM + 100% RDF + foliar spray of fertilizers over rest of the treatments. But the highest Benefit cost ratio (4.40) was found in the treatment of FYM + 85% RDF + foliar application of fertilizers followed by the treatment of FYM + 100% RDF + foliar application of fertilizers (4.36) whereas the lowest B: C ratio (3.91) was observed in control.
Influence of Different Times of Planting on Seed Attributes of Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Local Cultivars
Authors: Vaagdevi A. Nikhila , Kumar T. Suresh , Prasanth P. , Kumar A. Kiran , Kumar A. Kiran , Sunil N.
Published: August 2020

The present research was conducted during September 2018 to June 2019 at Floricultural Research Station, Hyderabad, India to examine the influence of different times of planting on seed attributes in Gaillardia pulchella local cultivars. The experimental design is Factorial Randomized Block Design comprising of two cultivars namely Local yellow (C1) and Local red (with yellow tip) (C2) and five times of planting namely, 1st week of October (T1), 1st week of November (T2), 1st week of December (T3), 1st week of January(T4) and 1st week of February (T5) with three replications. The plot size is 2×2m with spacing followed is 30 × 45 cm. The results revealed that, maximum number of seeds/inflorescence was recorded with T1 (1st week of October) and minimum with T2 (1st week of November). T4 (1st week of January) recorded maximum seed yield /hectare, seed yield/plot and seed yield/plant and minimum in T2 (1st week of November). Germination percentage was recorded maximum with T1 (1st week of October) and minimum with T5 (1st week of February). Among cultivars, significant variation was observed in germination percentage. C1 (local yellow) showed higher germination % than C2 (local red with yellow tip). Interaction effect between cultivars and different planting times was non-significant in all the characters. Hence, it can be concluded that the cultivars namely Local yellow and Local red (with yellow tip) performed well with respect to seed yield. T4 (1st week of January) gave higher seed yield among different planting times and could be the best time of planting for seed production in Gaillardia pulchella.
Soil Fertility Status, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn.) as Influenced by Fertilizer Doses and Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Borah Nilay , Deka J. , Deka N. C. , Barua I. C. , Saud B. K. , Das Kaushik , Deka Kankana , Goswami Kasturi
Published: August 2020

Aims: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil fertility status, nutrient uptake, growth and yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn.) as influenced by fertilizer management with or without foliar spray of plant growth promoting chemicals.

Study Design: The field experiment was conducted with eight treatments, each being replicated thrice in a randomized block design (RBD).

Place and Duration of Study: Instructional cum research (ICR) farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam (India), between September 2013 and January 2015.

Methodology: The treatments comprised of an unfertilized plot, application of 2500 kg ha-1 vermicompost at planting followed by 10 kg ha-1 each of N, P2O5 and K2O in two equal splits at the time of planting and at 30 days after planting (DAP), 2500 kg ha-1 vermicompost as mixture with fertilizer (comlizer) 10:10:10 kg ha-1 (Comlizer-1) or 30:10:30 kg ha-1 (Comlizer-2) of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively applied in two splits (planting and at 30 DAP). Each comlizer treatment had two supplementary treatments of spraying either vermiwash solution (10% on second and third weeks and 20% solution on fourth and fifth weeks after planting) or indole butyric acid (IBA) and kinetin mixture (IBA-kinetin) solution (0.01% each on second and third weeks and 0.02% each on fourth and fifth weeks after planting), respectively.

Results: The soil pH, organic carbon and available phosphorous contents after harvest of the crop were not affected by the treatments. The available nitrogen content in soil significantly increased in comlizer-2, but the available potassium content was not affected by the fertilizer doses. The NH4-N and NO3-N in soil at 15 and 45 DAP increased significantly with application of comlizer-2. Phosphorous and potassium uptake by aerial biomass of marigold at 21 and 42 days after planting significantly increased in Comlizer-2, but the effect of foliar spray was not significant. The highest fresh flower yield was produced by application of Comlizer-2 with foliar spray of vermiwash, and differed significantly to the rest of the treatments.

Conclusion: Application of mineral fertilizers as mixture with vermicompost and integrated with foliar spray of growth regulators showed promising results. Further works with higher doses of nutrient and compost, frequency and intensity of foliar application of growth regulators are required to develop cost effective nutrient management practice.
Evaluation of Three-Way Cross Hybrids and Their Parents for Storage Losses in Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Pandav Ajay Kumar , Gowda R. Veere , Varalakshmi B. , Padmini K. , Dhananjaya M. V.
Published: August 2020

The aim of present investigation was the assessment of the several new onion hybrids develop through three- way cross along with their parents for having less problem of weight losses due to sprouting and rotting, and long storage quality at normal room temperature and relative humidity. The design of experimental plot was complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications. This study was carried out in the year of 2018-2019 at Division of Vegetable Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru, India. Thirty hybrids developed by three- way cross, thirteen parental lines and one check have been included for the experiment. Three F1 hybrids used as female lines and ten commercial varieties used as male testers, were taken to develop the hybrids through line x tester design. The bulbs of all these genotypes were kept for four months in normal storage chamber at 25-30°C room temperature with 65-70% relative humidity. The overall losses of per cent bulb weigh was recorded and conclude that the three-way hybrids TWCHO-15 (26.91) were recorded for smallest amount of loss followed by TWCHO-5 (27.02), TWCHO-14 (28.83) and TWCHO-4 (29.98). These hybrids can be suggested for more profit to onion grower by keeping for long shelf-life.
The Effects of Triazine Herbicides on Critical Peroxide Metabolism Gene Expression in MCF-7 and MCF-10A Cells
Authors: DeMartini Stephen J. , DeHart Nicole B. , Schroeder Jennifer R.
Published: August 2020

Aim: To identify the oxidative stress impacts of chloro-s-triazine herbicides on human mammary epithelial cell lines.

Study Design: MCF-7 mammary epithelial carcinoma and MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells were treated with levels of three triazine herbicides in concentrations flanking the US FDA safe levels.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Millikin University, in January 2015 through December 2015 and January 2019 through May 2020.

Methodology: We examined the oxidative effects of two triazine herbicides, atrazine and simazine, on estrogen-dependent MCF-7 mammary epithelial carcinoma cells using three different bioluminescent assay techniques. We then utilized real time PCR to analyze gene expression through RT-PCR analysis, in both MCF-7 cells and a non-cancerous cell line, MCF-10A, for both of these triazine herbicides plus the related cyanazine.

Results: At all concentrations of atrazine and simazine, no statistical differences were found in the levels of oxidized glutathione or total oxidized and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides phosphates. In stark contrast, levels of hydrogen peroxide were found to be statistically different from the control at all concentrations of atrazine and simazine tested. Using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) we determined that within the enzymatic portion of the hydrogen peroxide pathway there were statistically significant differences in the expression of Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), Sulfiredoxin (SRXN1), and Thioredoxin (TXN).

Conclusion: Exposure to triazines alters the hydrogen peroxide pathway, which in turn can greatly affect the stability of the cell milieu.
Different Polarity Extracts of Polygonum minus towards Cytotoxic Activities against Colon Cancer Cell Lines (HT-29, HCT-116, CT-26)
Authors: Rohin Mohd Adzim Khalili , Hadi Norhayati Abd , Ridzwan Norhaslinda
Published: August 2020

Aims: To investigate the cytotoxic properties of different polarity solvents of Polygonum minus extracts towards colon cancer cell lines, HT-29, HCT-116 and CT-26.

Study Design:  Experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Central Laboratory, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu between September 2019 until December 2019.

Methodology: The different polarity solvents of P. minus extracts had been led to tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay and an inhibition concentration of 50 (IC50) value for their cytotoxic potential against colon cancer cells. Then, cell morphology observation and fluorescence double staining of treatment cells were determined using a light inverted microscope and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining.

Results: The results indicated that an extraction yields aligned from 0.01% for acetone and ethyl acetate to 0.45% for aqueous solution with decreasing order of aqueous solution > 70% aqueous ethanol > 50% aqueous ethanol > methanol > ethanol > acetone and ethyl acetate. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate extract showed a higher cytotoxic effect at IC50 values of 7.00 ± 0.06 µg/mL and 7.00 ± 0.30 µg/mL towards the HCT-116 and CT-26 cells; and 50% aqueous ethanol towards HT-29 cells (24.00 ± 0.01 µg/mL). The different solvent extracts of P. minus induced cytotoxic effects on the treated cell lines by altering their normal cell morphology and cell membrane integrity (except for acetone extract).

Conclusion: Therefore, the use of different polarity solvent extracts of P. minus as an anti-cancer agent is promising more on ethyl acetate and warrants further investigation.
Renal transplantation: intensive therapeutic nurse in the immediate post-operative
Authors: Silva Tatiana Gaffuri da , Zanella Kelly Aparecida , Marolli Cristiane , Souza Silvia Silva de
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar e refletir sobre o conhecimento do enfermeiro no cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente no período pós-operatório imediato de transplante renal. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo descritivo exploratório, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada como forma de para coleta dos dados com enfermeiros atuantes da unidade de terapia intensiva do local pesquisado. Resultados: Evidenciou-se respaldo teórico e prático por parte dos enfermeiros sobre o contexto do transplante renal e a utilização do check-list como ferramenta de trabalho. Destacou-se a realização de capacitações na instituição hospitalar. A família foi identificada como relevante na recuperação do paciente e a necessidade de abordagem mais ampla sobre a temática na graduação. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros identificam conhecimentos e habilidades essenciais para o cuidado do paciente transplantado, assim como a instituição hospitalar, uma vez que oferece oportunidade de aprimoramento técnico-científico aos profissionais.
Severe neurological crisis in adult patients with Tyrosinemia type 1
Authors: Dawson Charlotte , Ramachandran Radha , Safdar Samreen , Murphy Elaine , Swayne Orlando , Katz Jonathan , Newsome Philip N. , Geberhiwot Tarekegn
Published: August 2020

We report six adult patients with Tyrosinaemia type 1 (HT‐1) who presented with recurrent porphyria‐like neurological crises after discontinuation/interruption of 2‐(2‐nitro‐4‐trifluoro‐methylbenzyol)‐1,3 cyclohexanedione (NTBC) treatment. The crises were life‐threatening for some of the patients, with respiratory muscle paralysis requiring ventilatory support, hemodynamic disturbance due to autonomic changes requiring resuscitation, acute progressive ascending motor neuropathy causing profound impairment, recurrent seizures, and neuropathic pain. Our patients’ porphyria‐like presentations were variably misdiagnosed, with delay to diagnosis resulting in more severe recurrent attacks. We report the first series of neurological crises in adult patients with HT‐1. These crises, which may be fatal, can be prevented and treated effectively with neurologist/physician awareness and patient education.
12 Steps benefit drug use clients, but engagement proves challenging
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2020

It may be more difficult to engage individuals with illicit drug use disorders into 12‐Step participation compared with those with alcohol use disorders, but newly published data suggests that the effort carries a significant payoff.