bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliefs and Symbols at Göbekli Tepe. Records of Early Neolithic Communication
Authors: Velhartická Šárka
Published: November 2019

The archaeological site of Göbekli Tepe in southeast Turkey has garnered attention over the last two decades thanks to circles of megalithic T-shaped stone pillars dating to the 10th–9th millennium BCE. These stone pillars, which could be considered as representing figures, reach as far as 5.5 metres in height, weigh between 10 and 15 tons and, in many cases, are covered in animal reliefs or geometric motifs. Both the monumentality of the circular structures and their symbolism raise many questions and bring a whole new insight into the life and rituals of early Neolithic societies.
ASEM’s First Two Decades: A Role Discovered
Authors: Doidge Mathew
Published: November 2019

This article examines the first two decades of the transregional Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) from its inception with the Bangkok Summit of 1996. Examining instances of region building and the socialisation of states, it identifies the gradual emergence of a role for the forum, one that stands in some contrast to initial participant expectations. In this respect, rather than a structure for delivering substantive negotiated outcomes around issues such as trade liberalisation, the value of ASEM across its first 20 years came increasingly to be seen in its ideational aspects: identity building, norm diffusion, and dialogue without preconceptions.
Singapore’s Policy in the Asia-Pacific: ASEAN and Open Regionalism
Authors: Yeo Lay Hwee
Published: November 2019

Singapore’s policies and approach towards the Asia-Pacific region are guided by conservative pragmatism dictated by two imperatives—the geographical constraints of a small city state without a hinterland or natural resources, and the constant need to stay economically competitive and politically relevant in order to survive and thrive. This chapter begins with an overview of the historical development of Singapore and then zooms in to focus on its foreign policy thinking and development approach and examines how these then translate into actual policy and posturing in its immediate neighbourhood and the broader Asia-Pacific region.
Japan’s Diplomatic Strategy toward East Asia: Creation and Evolution of ‘Dual-Track Diplomacy’ in the Post-Cold War Era
Authors: Koga Kei
Published: November 2019

Japan’s diplomatic strategy toward East Asia underwent three main changes in the post-Cold War era. The first change occurred soon after the 1991 Persian Gulf War propelled Japan to consider a potential way to contribute to international security, resulting in the creation of dual-track diplomacy. The second was the consolidation of Japan’s dual-track diplomacy by strengthening the US–Japan alliance and supporting the ASEAN’s multilateral initiatives in the early 2000s. The third was the enhancement of Japan’s own security efforts to maintain regional stability while making the most of the existing political and security mechanisms in East Asia—multilateralizing US alliance networks and enhancing the ASEAN-led multilateral frameworks. In the future, two factors would likely play a critical role in shaping Japan’s diplomatic strategy: the degree of the future US commitment to the alliance with Japan and the level of China’s assertiveness.
The Rise of China and Its Implications to Northeast Asia
Authors: Ting Wai
Published: November 2019

The rise of China has aroused heated debates on whether the country would become the “revisionist” power in challenging the supreme position of the “status quo” power, the United States. This paper aims to examine whether the rise of China would, firstly, empower Beijing to solve the long-term crisis in the Korean Peninsula, and secondly, complicates the picture in solving the difficult historical and political issues in Sino-Japanese relations. It is argued that the increasing economic and military capabilities of China are not instrumental in fostering significant changes within North Korea and in monitoring the external behavior of its leaders. A more nationalistic China which lacks soft power also hinders a favorable solution to the challenges of Sino-Japanese relations.
Independence or Reunification? The Evolving PRC–Taiwan Relations
Authors: Wong Yiu Chung
Published: November 2019

The article attempts to examine the relationship between Taiwan, a de facto political entity, and the People’s Republic of China (Mainland China) since 1949, the landmark year when the then ruling party KMT (The Nationalist Party) was defeated by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) in the Mainland. Essentially, the narrative is focused on the government policies by the two respective political entities. The PRC pledged to unify Taiwan again and subsequently its unification policies are delineated. A two-stage schema is proposed for the analysis, albeit the second stage can be further divided into three phases. As for Taiwan, a five-stage categorization is proposed. Moreover, three sets of factors influencing the cross-Strait relations would be discussed, namely the power dynamics within the PRC, internal development inside Taiwan and the role of the USA. Finally, the implications of the coming of Trump era are outlined.
Latgalian surnames as a source of research in dialectology and language contact studies
Authors: Stafecka Anna
Published: November 2019

This article is focused on the analysis of surnames used in the eastern part of Latvia, i.e., Latgale, the history of which to a certain extent differs from other regions of Latvia. This is due to almost 300 years (1629–1917) of isolation from the territory inhabited by other ethnic Latvians, during which this region was under Polish and later Russian rule. During this 300-year-long separation, Latgale developed its own culture, a written tradition based on the local Latvian dialect, etc. The introduction of surnames for the Latvians of Latgale also differed from other regions. As Latgale is a multi-ethnic region, the system of surnames used there reflects not only the peculiarities of the local sub-dialects in vocabulary and semantics, but also contacts with other languages – Lithuanian, Estonian, Polish, Russian, Belarusian.

This article is based on research results acquired within the framework of the project “Latvian surnames in archival materials. Latgale” directed by the Latvian Language Agency. Its main objective was to systematise Latgalian surnames registered in the 1935 census. The research data were summarised in a book “Latvian surnames in archival materials. Latgale”, compiled by historian Ilmārs Mežs. This book comprises about 4000 Latvian surnames from Latgale. Each surname is provided with statistical information and a description of its historical place of origin (sometimes even a particular village). Whenever possible, one or several versions of the meaning of each surname are given.
Competing norms of standard pronunciation. Phonetic analyses on the ‹-ig›-variation in Austria
Authors: Lanwermeyer Manuela , Fanta-Jende Johanna , Lenz Alexandra N. , Korecky-Kröll Katharina
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on phonetic variation within the standard German language register of Austria. While the norm status and a high socio-symbolic value are attributed to certain lexical variants of standard language in Austria, the norm and usage status of characteristic phonetic properties remain unclear, due to lack of empirical analyses. By investigating the relation between standard language norms and “standard usage” (Gebrauchsstandard) in Austria, our study aims to close this research gap by using the example of unstressed ‹-ig›. The analyses are based on data gathered from 52 speakers from two generations, covering all Austrian dialect regions. Elicitation settings varied from strongly standardized tasks with a graphic or visual stimulus (reading aloud tasks, picture naming tasks) to translation tasks (translation from dialect into standard) with oral stimuli. The results demonstrate that although ‹-ig› is predominantly pronounced like [ɪk], (socio-)linguistic factors as phonetic context, part of speech, setting, gender and regional background influence the ‹-ig›-variation. In total, the data suggest that German speaking Austrians are situated in a conflict between transnationally diverging norms and intra-nationally varying model speakers of German.
Explicit presentation of an Iwasawa algebra: The case of pro-p Iwahori subgroup of SL
n
(ℤ
p
)
Authors: Ray Jishnu
Published: November 2019

Iwasawa algebras of compact p-adic Lie groups are completed group algebras with applications in number theory in studying class numbers of towers of number fields and representation theory of p-adic Lie groups. We previously determined an explicit presentation of the Iwasawa algebra for the first principal congruence kernel of Chevalley groups over

ℤ
p

{\mathbb{Z}_{p}}

which were uniform pro-p groups in the sense of Dixon, du Sautoy, Mann and Segal. In this paper,
for prime

p
>

n
+
1

{p>n+1}

, we determine the explicit presentation, in the form of generators and relations, of the Iwasawa algebra of the pro-p Iwahori subgroup of

GL
n

⁢

(

ℤ
p

)

{\mathrm{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Z}_{p})}

which is not, in general, a uniform pro-p group.
Is Commodity Storage an Option for Enhancing Food Security in Developing Countries?
Authors: van Kooten G. Cornelis , Schmitz Andrew , Kennedy P. Lynn
Published: November 2019

We revisit the underlying economics of commodity storage and its relation to food security by first clarifying the standard model used to analyze the economic efficiency and distributional effects of commodity storage programs. We find that producers prefer stabilization, although their incomes are more variable, while consumers are indifferent. However, numerical simulations indicate that physical stocks will build up inexorably over a sustained period or the government will need to raise prices continuously over a prolonged period. For the least developed countries facing fluctuating world prices, government should guarantee the price received by producers because, with price uncertainty, farmers could experience losses even under a ‘good’ weather outcome; this would guarantee the producer price, benefitting farmers, while allowing the consumer price to vary with the world price benefits consumers as they prefer price instability. In some cases, however, the government may wish to impose a price ceiling so that households living at or near subsistence can afford to buy grain – an argument based on the grounds of food security. Numerical simulations indicate that such a mixed-price policy increases the wellbeing of both consumers and producers. Physical storage is not a necessity.
Using Occupations to Evaluate the Employment Effects of the German Minimum Wage
Authors: Friedrich Martin
Published: November 2019

This paper evaluates the short to medium run employment effects of the 2015 introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany. The effect of the policy is recovered from variation in the bite of the minimum wage across occupations using a difference-in-differences estimator. The analysis reveals that the reform only had a small impact on employment and highlights the importance of regional effect heterogeneity. In East Germany, marginal employment decreased by about 18,000 jobs in the short run and 52,000 jobs in the medium run, respectively, due to the minimum wage. In West Germany, no negative employment effects are detectable, but regular employment increased temporarily because of the reform. The medium run estimates include the impact of the first marginal increase of the wage floor from €8.50 to €8.84 in 2017.
Block-exoticity of a family of exotic fusion systems
Authors: Serwene Patrick
Published: November 2019

We prove that each exotic fusion system

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

on a Sylow p-subgroup of

G
2

⁢

(
p
)

{G_{2}(p)}

for an odd prime p with

𝒪
p

⁢

(
ℱ
)

=
1

{\mathcal{O}_{p}(\mathcal{F})=1}

is block-exotic.
This gives evidence for the conjecture that each exotic fusion system is block-exotic.
We prove two reduction theorems for block-realisable fusion systems.
The special linear group for nonassociative rings
Authors: Petyt Harry
Published: November 2019

We extend to arbitrary rings a definition of the octonion special linear group due to Baez.
At the infinitesimal level, we get a Lie ring, which we describe over some large classes of rings, including all associative rings and all algebras over a field.
As a corollary, we compute all the groups Baez defined.
West Caucasian relative pronouns as resumptives
Authors: Lander Yury , Daniel Michael
Published: November 2019

In polysynthetic West Caucasian languages, the morphological verbal complex amounts to a clause with all kinds of participants cross-referenced by affixes. Relativization is performed by introducing a relative affix in the cross-reference slot that corresponds to the relativized participant. However, these languages display several crosslinguistically rare features of relativization. Firstly, while under the view of the verbal complex as a clause this affix appears to be a relative pronoun, it is an unusual relative pronoun because it remainsin situ. Secondly, relative affixes may appear several times in the same clause. Thirdly, relative pronouns are not expected to occur in languages with prenominal relative clauses. Fourthly, in the Circassian branch, relative pronouns are identical to reflexive pronouns. These features are explained by considering relative prefixes to be resumptive pronouns. This interpretation finds a parallel in the neighboring East Caucasian languages, where reflexive pronouns also show resumptive usages. Finally, since in some West Caucasian languages the relative affix is a morpheme with a dedicated relative function but still shows properties of a resumptive pronoun, our data suggest that the distinction between relative pronouns and resumptive pronouns may not be as clear as is usually assumed.
Asymptotic behavior for non-autonomous stochastic plate equation on unbounded domains
Authors: Yao Xiaobin , Liu Xilan
Published: November 2019

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the non-autonomous stochastic plate equation driven by additive noise defined on unbounded domains. We first prove the uniform estimates of solutions, and then establish the existence and upper semicontinuity of random attractors.
Connected domination game played on Cartesian products
Authors: Bujtás Csilla , Dokyeesun Pakanun , Iršič Vesna , Klavžar Sandi
Published: November 2019

The connected domination game on a graph G is played by Dominator and Staller according to the rules of the standard domination game with the additional requirement that at each stage of the game the selected vertices induce a connected subgraph of G. If Dominator starts the game and both players play optimally, then the number of vertices selected during the game is the connected game domination number of G. Here this invariant is studied on Cartesian product graphs. A general upper bound is proved and demonstrated to be sharp on Cartesian products of stars with paths or cycles. The connected game domination number is determined for Cartesian products of P3 with arbitrary paths or cycles, as well as for Cartesian products of an arbitrary graph with Kk for the cases when k is relatively large. A monotonicity theorem is proved for products with one complete factor. A sharp general lower bound on the connected game domination number of Cartesian products is also established.
A Bayesian approach for multi-stage models with linear time-dependent hazard rate
Authors: Pham Hoa , Pham Huong T. T.
Published: November 2019

Multi-stage models have been used to describe progression of individuals which develop through a sequence of discrete stages.
We focus on the multi-stage model in which the number of individuals in each stage is assessed through destructive samples for a sequence of sampling time.
Moreover, the stage duration distributions of the model are effected by a time-dependent hazard rate.
The multi-stage models become complex with a stage having time-dependent hazard rate.
The main aim of this paper is to derive analytically the approximation of the likelihood of the model.
We apply the approximation to the Metropolis–Hastings (MH) algorithm to estimate parameters for the model.
The method is demonstrated by applying to simulated data which combine non-hazard rate, stage-wise constant hazard rate and time-dependent hazard rates in stage duration distributions.
Crystal structure of N-(amino(pyrazin-2-yl)methylene)-6-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carbohydrazonate-κ3
O,N,N′)-(dinitrato-κ1O)zinc(II), C12H12N8O7Zn
Authors: Yan Jin-Long
Published: November 2019

C12H12N8O7Zn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.2116(3) Å, b = 11.1926(4) Å, c = 17.3488(7) Å, β = 96.2450(10)°, V = 1585.05(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0263, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0722, T = 150(2) K.
The crystal structure of 5-(benzofuran-2-carbonyl)-N-cyclohexyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-6-carboxamide, C29H26N2O3
Authors: Han Weiwei
Published: November 2019

C29H26N2O3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.6533(8) Å, b = 11.3185(9) Å, c = 11.4469(10) Å, α = 83.747(3)°, β = 85.810(2)°, γ = 71.445(2)°, V = 1177.65(17) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0464, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1621, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (4-fluorobenzyl-κC)(bis(2-hydroxyethyl) carbamodithioato-κ2
S,S′)(2,2′-imino-diethanolato-κ3
N,O,O′)tin(IV), C16H25FN2O4S2Sn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: November 2019

C16H25FN2O4S2Sn, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.2227(1) Å, b = 12.6793(1) Å, c = 13.8731(1) Å, β = 98.282(1)°, V = 1953.50(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0198, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0507, T = 100(2) K.
The limits of Mendeleev’s insight
Authors: Stewart Philip
Published: November 2019

Between his initial proposal in February 1869 and his final table of November 1870, Mendeleev made radical improvements, linking his groups to highest oxidation states, clarifying the relationship of element and substance, and making detailed predictions of the properties of three missing elements. However, his inflexible belief in an alternating structure of rows of VII and VIII groups made it impossible for him to include the ‘rare earths’, and the relationship between the two rows of VII at the top confused the system. From 1873 onwards, other interests prevented him from thinking about his table, apart from accommodating the noble gases. His final table of 1906 shows no significant advance on that of 1870, and indeed, the top row contains absurd guesses about elements around hydrogen.
Late Neolithic multicomponent sites of the Tisza region and the emergence of centripetal settlement layouts
Authors: Hofmann Robert , Medović Aleksandar , Furholt Martin , Medović Ildiko , Pešterac Tijana Stanković , Dreibrodt Stefan , Martini Sarah , Hofmann Antonia
Published: November 2019

In der Theiß-Region an der nördlichen Peripherie der südosteuropäischen Tellkulturen beobachten wir zwischen 5300 und 4450 v. u. Z. das Auftreten großer bevölkerungsreicher Siedlungen, die durch die Kombinationen unterschiedlicher Siedlungskomponenten, von Tells, Flachsiedlungen und Kreisgrabenanlagen gekennzeichnet sind. In diesem Beitrag ist die Entwicklung einer solchen Mehrkomponenten-Siedlung – Borđoš in der serbischen Vojvodina – rekonstruiert, basierend auf geophysikalischen Untersuchungen, Ausgrabungen, systematischen Oberflächenbegehungen und 14C-Datierungen. Zwischen 4850 und 4700 v. u. Z. wurde in Borđoš eine bereits länger existierende Tellsiedlung durch eine große Flachsiedlung ergänzt oder zeitweise ersetzt. Im Kontext ähnlicher Fundstellen aus dem Theiß-Gebiet und darüber hinaus interpretieren wir diese Dynamik als Ausdruck eines zeitweise verstärkten überregionalen Trends zu Bevölkerungsagglomeration zwischen etwa 4900 und 4700 v. u. Z. Hinsichtlich der Entwicklung von Tellsiedlungen und Flachsiedlungen zeichnen sich innerhalb des Theiß-Gebietes erhebliche regionale Unterschiede ab: Im südlichen Teil des Untersuchungsgebietes bilden Tells häufig die Keimzelle später wachsender komplexer Siedlungen. Dagegen stellen im Norden eher große Flachsiedlungen den Ausgangspunkt großer Siedlungen dar. Tells repräsentieren hier entweder räumliche Separierungen mit speziellen Funktionen oder stellen das Ergebnis einer länger andauernden Besiedlung in einem kleinen Teil der ursprünglichen Siedlungsfläche dar. Diese Größenreduzierung von Siedlungen oder teils ihre komplette Auflassung verstehen wir als Teil eines im Karpatenbecken und dem westlichen Balkan weiträumig sichtbaren Trends hin zu erheblich geringeren Bevölkerungsdichten und räumlich stärker verteilten Siedlungen, der nach 4700 v. u. Z. einsetzte.

Aus Tells- und Flachsiedlungskomponenten bestehende Großsiedlungen der Theiß-Region zeichnen sich durch eine große Diversität hinsichtlich ihrer Größe und räumlichen Konfiguration aus. In Borđoš beobachten wir das Auftreten eines in der Region bisher unbekannten zentripetalen Siedlungslayouts, in dem die Häuser auf einen zentralen Platz im Zentrum der Siedlung ausgerichtet sind. Wir interpretieren die neuartige Siedlungskonfiguration als das Ergebnis des Zusammenschlusses einer im Hinblick auf kulturellen Hintergrund, Identitäten und Netzwerkeinbindung sehr heterogenen Bevölkerung. Demnach können wir die Gruppierung der Häuser um einen zentralen Platz als Ausdruck einer sozialen Organisation verstehen, die in stärkerem Maße als bei Siedlungen mit parallelen Hausreihen auf der Aushandlung kommunaler Belange beruhte.
Barrows in action. Late Neolithic and Middle Bronze Age Barrow Landscapes in the Upper Dniester Basin, Ukraine
Authors: Makarowicz P. , Niebieszczański J. , Cwaliński M. , Romaniszyn J. , Rud V. , Kochkin I.
Published: November 2019

The aim of this article is to view the spatial distribution of Upper Dniester Basin’s (Western Ukraine) barrows and to interpret their location principles. These monuments were often situated on the flattened summits of watershed ridges or hills. It appeared also that some of them were located on upper parts of gentle slopes of not more than 8° of inclination. Mounds appear within linear and group-linear arrangements and were rarely observed as clusters, while more specific adjustments to their location were dependant on local terrain morphology. Barrow alignments run along the elevated ridges, while clustered groups were situated in places where erosive indentations or denudation cavities prevented barrows from stretching in a linear pattern. It can be noted that during the spatial development of barrow alignments, more attention was paid to the intervisibility between the mounds, than to their visibility from other places in the landscape. The potential of observing at least one of the following groups of tumuli from every embankment indicates the direction of movement within the framework of the barrow landscape, perhaps augmented in the past by the presence of paths or “roads”. Examples of analogous or similar, in a certain sense even universal, practices in shaping barrow landscapes were documented also from various parts of Eurasia. Therefore, it is argued these traits were shared by all “barrow societies” and their origins can be traced to the steppe zone. Specific and repeatable patterns of barrow arrangements are a manifestation of certain knowledge and skills, transmitted over generations and immortalized in the landscape that symbolized the incorporation of territory by “barrow societies”. Characteristic mound alignments became a cultural code or institution, as it were – an instrument of familiarising previously unknown landscapes, facilitating movement and simultaneously expressing continuity of kin-lineages.
Tourism and Terrorism: Economic impact of terrorist attacks on the tourism industry. The example of the destination of Paris
Authors: Schmude Jürgen , Karl Marion , Weber Florian
Published: November 2019

Cities are popular destinations for international tourism that in recent years have increasingly become the target of terrorist attacks affecting the tourism industry. In this study, the economic damage caused by the terror attacks is calculated for the destination Paris, differentiated by sectors and source markets. For this purpose, the revenue shortfalls caused by the terrorist attacks of 2015 for the tourism industry in Paris are calculated. Taking into account the decreasing number of visitors, discounts granted by the accommodation sector as well as additional expenditures for marketing or loss of revenue by tourism service providers (e. g. in the transport sector), the shortfall of revenues in the tourism sector amounts to at least € 2 bn in the period 2015 to 2017.
Numerical Investigation of the Cooling Temperature of the InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Subcells Under the Concentrated Illumination
Authors: Djermane Kenza , Kadri Syham , Habbab Abdelhafid , Bourbaba Elhouaria
Published: November 2019

The multijunction solar cells performances study is essential for the design of the high-concentration photovoltaic. These cells can operate over a wide range of the incident radiation flux and a large temperature range. These two parameters (concentration and temperature) degrade the cell and require a cooling system. In this article, we have studied numerically the cooling temperature of InGaP/lnGaAs/Ge subcells under the concentrated illumination. For this, we have presented the performance of each subcell as a function of the temperature and concentration sunlight. The different high concentrations ratios (1, 10, 100, and 1000 sun) have been conducted according to the dish-style concentration photovoltaic system for three temperature valuesT= 300, 500, and 800 K. The results show that under high concentrated light intensity conversion, the performances of these three subcells (efficiency, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor) were decreased with increasing the temperature. The main objective of this study is to find the limit temperature of each subcell in order to introduce the cooling system. Thus, we can avoid the degradation of the tandem solar cell under the concentrated illumination.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, XCVIa. Push-pull-substituierte 1,3,5-Hexatriene aus Orthoamiden von Alkincarbonsäuren und Birckenbach-analogen Acetophenonen
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Lehmann Hansjörg , Stieglitz Rüdiger , Frey Wolfgang
Published: November 2019

From acetone and the orthoamide of phenylpropiolic acid (21b) N,N-dimethyl-phenylpropiolic acid amide (24) is formed. In contrast, the reaction of chloroacetone (28) with 21b results in the vinylogous guanidinium chloride 29. Unexpectedly, the Birckenbach-analogoue ethyl methyl ketone (34) reacts with the orthoamide 21b to give the push-pull-substituted butadiene 36. In contrast to this observation, the reaction of the Birckenbach-analogous acetophenones 30 with the orthoamides 21a
–
c delivers the push-pull-substituted 1,3,5-hexatrienes 31a
–
j.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, IIICa. Weitere Ergebnisse bei der Umsetzung von Orthoamiden der Alkincarbonsäuren mit CH2- und CH2/NH-aciden Verbindungen
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Stieglitz Rüdiger , Lehmann Hansjörg , Vettel Markus
Published: November 2019

The 1,1-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-butadienes (keten aminals) 11a–l are prepared from orthoamide derivatives of alkyne carbonxylic acids 9b, d, e, i and CH2-acidic compounds 10a–c, f–h, k, o. The C-silylated orthoamide derivative 9c shows an ambivalent behaviour towards CH-acidic compounds. Reactions of 9c with strong CH2-acidic compounds like the nitro alkanes 10m, n and strongly enolized carbonyl compounds as methyl acetoacetate, cyanoacetamide, dibenzoylmethane, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid proceed under desilylation to give the ketene aminals 11u–z. In contrast to these reactions, the C-silylated ketene aminals 11o–t are obtained from 9c and weaker CH2-acidic compounds as dimethyl malonate, cyanoacetic acid derivatives and benzylcyanides. CH2/NH2-acidic compounds [cyanoacetamide (10d) and N-ethyl-cyanoacetamide (10f)] react with the orthoamide derivatives 9b, e–g at the acidic carbon-hydrogen bond to give the ketene aminals 11ac, ad, af, ag, ai, which cyclize to the pyridones 14a–d, d–g on heating. From the reaction of the orthoamide 9d with cyanoacetamide the pyridone 14c results directly. The persubstituted pyridone derivative 19 is formed by the reaction of cyanoacetamide with a mixture of the isomeric orthoamides 15 and 16. The 5,5-diamino-2,4-pentadienamide 11v attacks the orthoamide 9a at C3/C1. In the product 20 a cross conjugated multiple bond system is formed which contains an 1-aza-2,3-diamino function and a further ketene aminal function.
Julia Winnebeck: The Thompson Case
Authors: Winnebeck Julia
Published: November 2019

Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit dem “Fall Thompson” – einem kaum erforschten Streitfall innerhalb der Anglikanischen Kirche und der wissenschaftlichen Theologie über die Zulässigkeit der Kritik an zentralen Bekenntnisinhalten vom Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Die Verfasserin rekonstruiert sowohl die akademisch-theologische Diskussion über Thompsons umstrittene Veröffentlichung als auch die komplexen rechtlich-formalen Vorgänge innerhalb des Magdalen Colleges in Oxford. Der Fall illustriert exemplarisch den Konflikt zwischen liberalen und konservativen Theologen über die Grundlagen des christlichen Glaubens, der den westeuropäischen Protestantismus im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert spaltete.
Investigation of Dielectric Properties, Electric Modulus and Conductivity of the Au/Zn-Doped PVA/n-4H-SiC (MPS) Structure Using Impedance Spectroscopy Method
Authors: Lapa Havva Elif , Kökce Ali , Özdemir Ahmet Faruk , Altındal Şemsettin
Published: November 2019

The 50 nm thickness Zn-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was deposited on n-4H-SiC semiconductor as interlayer by electro-spinning method and so Au/Zn-doped PVA/n-4H-SiC metal-polymer-semiconductor (MPS) structure were fabricated. The real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant (ε′, ε′′), loss-tangent (tan δ), the real and imaginary parts of the complex electric modulus (M′, M′′) and ac electrical conductivity (σ

ac
) behavior of this structure were examined using impedance spectroscopy method in a wide range of frequency (1 kHz–400 kHz) and voltage (−1 V)–(+6 V) at room temperature. The values of ε′, ε′′, tan δ, M′, M′′ and σ

ac
are determined sensitive to the frequency and voltage in depletion and accumulation regions. The values of ε′ and ε′′ decrease with increasing frequency while the values of M′ and σ

ac
increase. The peak behavior in the tan δ and M′′ vs. frequency curves was attributed to the dielectric relaxation processes and surface states (Nss
). The plots of ln (σ

ac
) vs. ln (f) at enough high forward bias voltage (+6 V) have three linear regions with different slopes which correspond to low, intermediate and high frequencies, respectively. The dc conductivity is effective at low frequencies whereas the ac conductivity effective at high frequencies. According to experimental results, the surface/dipole polarizations can occur more easily occur at low frequencies and the majority of Nss
between Zn-doped PVA and n-4H-SiC contributes to the deviation of dielectric behavior of this structure.
JULIANO GARCIA PESSANHA EM SUAS OBRAS
Authors: Trevizan Suelen Ariane Campiolo
Published: November 2019

A escrita de si é especialmente produtiva para se pensar o estatuto do literário, pois, a despeito das limitações inerentes à linguagem para retratar qualquer acontecimento, traz implícita uma promessa de referencialidade. Assim, quem escreve dentro do espectro autobiográfico necessariamente precisa lidar com essa aporia. O crítico, por sua vez, não pode perder de vista a diferença entre dado factual, real e ficção na leitura desse tipo de obra. Considerando essas questões teóricas, o presente ensaio analisa textos de Juliano Garcia Pessanha (1962), escritor que busca na tradição testemunhal a forma para produzir performances e heterotanatografias sobre traumas pessoais. Para compreender a especificidade desse autor, discutem-se antes os conceitos de testemunho (Agamben e Levi), autobiografia (Lejeune e de Man) e autoficção (Klinger). Por fim, retoma-se a discussão, ainda longe de terminar, sobre a relação entre vida e obra na literatura.Palavras-chave: Juliano Garcia Pessanha; escrita de si; testemunho; autobiografia; heterotanatografia.
DE GLOSA A LO IMBORRABLE: TRÂNSITOS ÍNTIMOS NA OBRA DE JUAN JOSÉ SAER
Authors: Müller Iuri Almeida
Published: November 2019

RESUMO: Este trabalho busca observar como se dá, em dois romances do escritor argentino Juan José Saer, o trânsito entre elementos intertextuais de uma obra que se caracteriza por uma radical coerência interna, que permite a leitura dos diferentes textos como peças de um texto único. Pretende, também, analisar como o recurso da narração e da descrição das caminhadas acaba por mover a estrutura interna de Glosa (1986) e Lo imborrable (1993), os romances em questão. Interessam, por fim, os aspectos que permitem entender a construção do espaço narrativo na obra de Saer, e os distintos artifícios da ficção utilizados nesse intento.Palavras-chave: Juan José Saer; literatura argentina; espaço narrativo.
AS TRADUÇÕES DE EL HOMBRE DE MI VIDA PARA O FRANCÊS E O PORTUGUÊS: LÉXICO E DIFERENÇA
Authors: Simao Angelica Karim Garcia , Deângeli Maria Angélica
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho objetiva tecer uma análise sobre as traduções da obra El hombre de mi vida (2000), do autor catalão Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (1939-2003), da língua espanhola para as línguas francesa, L’homme de ma vie, e portuguesa, O homem da minha vida. Reconhecendo a importância de elementos lexicais para a construção da textualidade literária e para a representação de personagens e de espaços narrativos, tenciona-se mostrar como o uso do léxico tabu, na fala do personagem protagonista (Pepe Carvalho) e em suas respectivas traduções, funciona como recurso discursivo e estilístico para ora acentuar, ora atenuar os paradoxos, desencantos e insatisfações da pós-modernidade. No que concerne às questões do léxico tabu, referimo-nos, sobretudo, aos trabalhos de Domínguez (2008) e Shadid (2011), os quais apresentam diferentes abordagens do tema, considerando suas origens e desdobramentos. Com relação às reflexões sobre tradução, apoiamo-nos nas pesquisas de Rodrigues (2000; 2012), que concebe a tradução como espaço da diferença, e de Crépon (2004/2016), para quem as culturas são constitutivamente traduções, remetendo, nesse sentido, a uma relação diferencial e a um movimento constante de desapropriação linguística. É sob a perspectiva da diferença linguística e cultural que empreendemos então a leitura das obras aqui mencionadas e de seus percursos tradutórios.
EXILIO, IRONÍA Y RESISTENCIA EN CRÓNICAS DE NUESTRA AMÉRICA
Authors: Quaresma Rodríguez Valentina
Published: November 2019

Nesse artigo se propõe uma breve exploração do processo editorial de migração entre o jornal e o livro que se produziu nas Crônicas de Nuestra América, escritas pelo dramaturgo brasileiro Augusto Boal ao longo dos anos 70, no período do seu exilio latino-americano. Este estudo sugere que as crônicas de Boal são resultado de uma aposta poética e política que ressoa com sua obra de maior divulgação, o Teatro do oprimido. Primeiro se descreve a transição e movimento das crônicas em distintos espaços de publicação, para depois analisar os materiais textuais procurando o uso e sentido que o autor confere à ironia como mecanismo retórico de subversão da ordem, tanto no literário quanto na sua conceição da vida social.Palavras-chave: Augusto Boal; Brasil; Nossa América; Teatro do oprimido; O Pasquim; crônica, exílio latino-americano.
CONTAGEM E CONTAÇÃO: NOTAS SOBRE O CONTAR O TEMPO NA MODERNIDADE
Authors: Izabel Tomaz Amorim
Published: November 2019

A intenção do ensaio é propor uma distinção entre dois modos de contar o tempo a partir de sua experiência na Modernidade e sua relação intrínseca com as transformações dos modos de produção-percepção. Como os modos de contar são, em sentido amplo, assunto de disciplinas diversas, a abordagem escolhida é multidisciplinar, acolhe reflexões e passagens tanto de textos literários, quanto de reflexões teóricas do campo da História. A distinção proposta entre contagem e contação leva em conta o processo de “modernização” global e os espaços e momentos de resistência a esta modernização. Nestes últimos espaços reside, seja através de sua versão tradicional, seja através de sua versão mais modernista, o que se chamará aqui de contação, um modo de experienciar e expressar o tempo que não se submete completamente à lógica numérica e seriada instaurada a partir do tempo da fábrica como temporalidade normativa.Palavras-chave: Modernidade; escrita da história; teoria literária.
Desenvolvimento de protótipo para otimização do aproveitamento de água descartada por condicionadores de ar
Authors: Batista Armstrong Campelo , Mendonça Alves da Costa Luiz Antonio , Batista Atmam Campelo
Published: November 2019

A água residual dos condicionadores de ar é produzida sem custos adicionais e pode ser aplicada em irrigação urbana como fonte alternativa contribuindo para a conservação das águas dos mananciais e favorecendo o microclima urbano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um protótipo para otimizar o aproveitamento dessa água em irrigação microcontrolada. Sua implementação foi realizada com a plataforma NodeMCU-ESP8266 e servidor Web como meio de interação do usuário no controle e monitoramento do sistema, compondo- se, assim, um sistema embarcado incorporado com o conceito de Internet das coisas. A água é coletada em reservatório apropriado e drenada por gravidade em até três setores de irrigação de acordo com a con guração parametrizada pelo usuário na aplicação Web e enviada ao ESP8266. A aplicação de novas tecnologias e abordagens tecnológicas em protótipos de novos produtos e a novas funcionalidades agregadas, contribuem muito para a inovação e desenvolvimento de produtos ainda mais e cientes com funcionalidades que podem estar diretamente voltadas ao desenvolvimento tecnológico sustentável.
Teste de vigor em sementes de brócolis através de diferentes profundidades de semeadura e substratos
Authors: Konzen Luis Henrique , Rodrigues Daniele Brandstetter , Reys Nayane , Lorenski William , Guareschi William , Coutinho Carem , Tunes Lilian Vanussa Madruga de
Published: November 2019

A importância econômica de brócolis no agronegócio é crescente, e expressa um grande potencial de mercado e aumento na demanda. Nesse contexto para que se tenha sucesso econômico é necessário que se obtenha um estande uniforme de plantas com adequada população, portanto com elevado vigor. Assim objetivou-se desenvolver uma nova metodologia para teste rápido de vigor em sementes de brócolis, baseando-se em diferentes profundidades de semeadura, bem como diferentes substratos. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco lotes de sementes de brócolis, combinado com quatro profundidades de semeadura (0,5; 1,5; 2,5 e 3,5cm) e três substratos comerciais (Golden mix granulado, S10 Beifort e Hdecker Hortaliça). Para avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos foram realizadas as seguintes determinações: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, e emergência de plântulas em bandejas (casa de vegetação) como caracterização inicial e emergência de plântulas em bandejas com diferentes profundidades e substratos. Como uma nova metodologia para teste rápido de vigor em sementes de brócolis, indica-se a profundidade de 1,5 cm em substrato fibra de coco.
Tinnitus Correlates with Downregulation of Cortical Glutamate Decarboxylase 65 Expression But Not Auditory Cortical Map Reorganization
Authors: Miyakawa Asako , Wang Weihua , Cho Sung-Jin , Li Delia , Yang Sungchil , Bao Shaowen
Published: November 2019

Hearing loss is the biggest risk factor for tinnitus, and hearing-loss-related pathological changes in the auditory pathway have been hypothesized as the mechanism underlying tinnitus. However, due to the comorbidity of tinnitus and hearing loss, it has been difficult to differentiate between neural correlates of tinnitus and consequences of hearing loss. In this study, we dissociated tinnitus and hearing loss in FVB mice, which exhibit robust resistance to tinnitus following monaural noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, knock-down of glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) expression in auditory cortex (AI) by RNA interference gave rise to tinnitus in normal-hearing FVB mice. We found that tinnitus was significantly correlated with downregulation of GAD65 in the AI. By contrast, cortical map distortions, which have been hypothesized as a mechanism underlying tinnitus, were correlated with hearing loss but not tinnitus. Our findings suggest new strategies for the rehabilitation of tinnitus and other phantom sensation, such as phantom pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHearing loss is the biggest risk factor for tinnitus in humans. Most animal models of tinnitus also exhibit comorbid hearing loss, making it difficult to dissociate the mechanisms underlying tinnitus from mere consequences of hearing loss. Here we show that, although both C57BL/6 and FVB mice exhibited similar noise-induced hearing threshold increase, only C57BL/6, but not FVB, mice developed tinnitus following noise exposure. Although both strains showed frequency map reorganization following noise-induced hearing loss, only C57BL/6 mice had reduced glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) expression in the auditory cortex (AI). Knocking down GAD65 expression in the AI resulted in tinnitus in normal-hearing FVB mice. Our results suggest that reduced inhibitory neuronal function, but not sensory map reorganization, underlies noise-induced tinnitus.
Preparing a Concept-Based Lesson from a Design Perspective: Facilitating Students' Understanding through Metacognitive Strategies
Authors: Yang Wenyuan , Liu Enshan , Li Xintao , Liu Cheng
Published: November 2019

A lesson plan is a design problem for a teacher. The desired solution to this problem is to design an instructional process that can guide students in constructing an understanding of scientific concepts through their own thinking. This article demonstrates a practical approach to designing an effective lesson plan. The approach has five phases: listing the concepts in a lesson, proposing questions that can be answered by each concept, sequencing the questions according to the logic of student cognitive development, selecting resources and designing tasks to create learning situations, and applying knowledge to scientific research and real life. A meiosis lesson from a high school biology course serves as an example for understanding the solutions to problems that may arise in each phase.
Modeling Elementary Students' Ideas about Heredity: A Comparison of Curricular Interventions
Authors: Forbes Cory T. , Cisterna Dante , Bhattacharya Devarati , Roy Ranu
Published: November 2019

Learning about heredity is important across the K–12 continuum. However, these ideas may be challenging for students. We examined third-grade students' ideas about heredity in the context of a new, six-week, model-based science unit that uses corn as a model organism to support students' ideas about heredity. We analyzed data collected during implementation of the unit, including student artifacts and interviews. We compared these data to those from a pilot version of the curriculum – implemented in the prior year – that was focused on the same disciplinary concepts but was not designed around scientific modeling. Our findings illustrate levels of understanding in students' ideas about three target concepts underlying heredity: life cycles, trait inheritance, and trait variation. We also found that students experiencing the model-based version of the unit exhibited higher levels of understanding for two of the three target concepts than those experiencing the non-model-based curriculum. Analysis of student interviews also showed that students experiencing the model-based curriculum were better able to use key elements of life cycle, such as pollination and reproduction to support their explanations about inheritance. We discuss implications of this work for design and enactment of model-based curricula in elementary grades that can support students' learning about heredity.
Професійне самовизначення студентів педагогічних факультетів: сутність та структура поняття
Authors: Lіakіsheva Anna
Published: November 2019

У статті подано, що найважливішим критерієм усвідомлення і продуктивності професійного становлення людини є її здатність знаходити особливий сенс в професійній праці, самостійно проектувати, творити своє професійне життя, відповідально ухвалювати рішення про вибір професії, спеціальності і місце роботи. Ці проблеми постають перед особистістю на протязі всього її життя. Перед людиною весь час виникають проблеми, що вимагають від неї визначення свого ставлення до професії, іноді аналізу і рефлексії власних професійних досягнень, ухвалення рішень про вибір професії або її заміну. Даний комплекс проблем в професіознавстві пояснюють поняттям професійне самовизначення. Варто звернути увагу, що професійне самовизначення відбувається протягом всього життя особистості, зокрема протягом фахового навчання.
Вплив англомовних фахових текстів на вивчення термінологічної лексики студентами немовних факультетів
Authors: Ketsyk-Zinchenko Uliana
Published: November 2019

У статті наголошується на важливому значенні іншомовного професійно-орієнтованого читання у формуванні фахової іншомовної комунікативної компетентності у студентів немовних факультетів. Автор розкриває роль автентичних іншомовних фахових текстів у вивченні термінологічної лексики, володіння якою є основним критерієм знання фаху. Наголошується, що вивчення іншомовної термінологічної лексики відповідно до фахової підготовки студентів, а відтак і формування їхньої іншомовної лексичної компетентності, буде тим успішнішим, чим краще зроблений відбір і методична класи-фікація фахового матеріалу, який використовується в навчальному процесі. Розглянуто три етапи вивчення термінологічної лексики на базі англомовних фахових текстів; дається опис вправ, які застосовуються при опрацюванні термінів на кожному етапі.
Формування художньо-естетичної компетентності студентів у вищих закладах освіти України
Authors: Kozak Tеtіana
Published: November 2019

У статті обґрунтовано систему критеріїв, показників та рівнів вимірювання художньо-естетичної компетентності студентів як результату фахової підготовки в університетах. Охарактеризовано поняття “художньо-естетична компетентність”, її формування у студентів, визначено критерії художньо-естетичної компетентності студентів (особистісний, навчальний, творчий), подано їх характеристику. У висновках зазначено, що формування, розвиток художньо-естетичної компетентності у студентів можливі після засвоєння теоретичної бази знань, практичної діяльності та саморозвитку, це є основною передумовою становлення його як особистості. Художньо-естетична компетентність для студента – це майже основна передумова становлення його як особистості. Майбутній фахівець з образотворчого мистецтва має бути зорієнтована на формування і розвиток здатності до сприйняття дійсності, мистецтва та культури, творчої художньої індивідуальності та розвитку практичних вмінь – необхідних чинників кваліфікованого спеціаліста.