bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of a novel polyurethane/polypyrrole‐p‐toluenesulfonate (PU/PPy‐pTS) electroactive nanofibrous bending actuator
Authors: Ebadi Seyed Vahid , Semnani Dariush , Fashandi Hossein , Rezaei Behzad
Published: May 2019

Electroactive actuators based on conductive polymers currently have attracted a great deal of attention. In this study, a nanofibrous structure of polypyrrole (PPy) was used to fabricate an electroactive bending actuator. For this purpose, polyurethane/PPy (PU/PPy) nanofibrous bending actuator was fabricated through the combined use of electrospinning and in‐situ chemical polymerization. The response surface methodology (RSM) was considered to find the optimal electrospinning conditions for producing PU nanofibers with the minimum diameter. The in‐situ chemical polymerization method was then used to prepare a conductive layer of PPy on the surface of optimum electrospun nanofibers with p‐toluenesulfonate (pTS) as the dopant. The coated nanofibers were used in the fabrication of PU/PPy‐pTS nanofibrous bending actuator. The morphology and electrical, thermal, electrochemical, and electrochemomechanical properties of the fabricated actuator were investigated. By using optimum conditions of electrospinning, PU nanofibers were obtained with a diameter of 221 nm. The results showed that the produced PU/PPy‐pTS nanofibers enjoy good thermal stability and have an electrical conductivity of about 276.34 S/cm. The obtained cyclic voltammetric and dynamo‐voltammetric responses showed that the dominant mechanism of actuation in the fabricated PU/PPy‐pTS nanofibrous actuator is the exchange of perchlorate anions with a partial exchange of lithium cations in 1M lithium perchlorate electrolyte solution. The fabricated actuator was capable of undergoing 141° reversible angular displacement during a potential cycle. The results demonstrated that, given high porosity, large specific surface area, flexibility, and desirable electrical properties, PU/PPy nanofibrous electroactive actuator provides a lot of potential for developing artificial muscle applications.
Synthesis and characterization of waterborne polyurethane/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane composites with low dielectric constants
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zhao Si‐Qi , Hu Guo‐Hua , Zhang Qun‐Chao , Liu Yang , Huang Chong‐Xing , Li Wei , Jiang Tao , Wang Shuang‐Fei
Published: May 2019

A facile method was developed to synthesize a new type of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). It contained a single amine group and seven aliphatic moieties on its corners. FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 13C‐1H COSY, and 1H‐1H COSY confirmed that cages with eight corners were the main part of the product. This new POSS was used to modify the structure of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer and then copolymerized with hexamethylene diisocyanate and poly (tetramethylene glycol) to get a serious of waterborne polyurethane (WPU)/POSS hybrid materials with low dielectric constants for microelectronics applications. The results showed that POSS particles were uniformly dispersed in the WPU dispersions. The WPU/POSS films did not show any macrophase separation, even when the POSS content was as high as 16%. As the POSS content increased from 0% to 16%, the tensile strength was increased from 2.3 to 7.3 MPa, the dielectric constant was decreased from about 2.9 to 2.0, and the thermal stability of the WPU/POSS was also improved.
Strain Effect on the Magnetism of N‐Doped Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Nie Shu , Li Zhongyao
Published: May 2019

The strain effect on the magnetic properties of nitrogen doped molybdenum disulfide has been investigated by first‐principles calculations. Two different configurations are studied: single nitrogen doping structure (NMo16S31) and dense nitrogen doping structure (NMo4S7). The first structure is a magnetic semiconductor, while the second structure is a nonmagnetic metal. Interestingly, the magnetism of both configurations can be modulated by biaxial tensile strain. Half‐metallic behavior can also be realized in both configurations under strain. The strain‐induced magnetism and extraordinary spin ordering can be attributed to the doping of nitrogen atoms, the instability of molybdenum atoms under strain, and the antiferromagnetic Mo–Mo interaction. Our calculations suggest nitrogen doped molybdenum disulfide may be used in low‐dimensional spintronic devices.
Controlling for confounding via propensity score methods can result in biased estimation of the conditional AUC: A simulation study
Authors: Galadima Hadiza I. , McClish Donna K.
Published: May 2019

In the medical literature, there has been an increased interest in evaluating association between exposure and outcomes using nonrandomized observational studies. However, because assignments to exposure are not random in observational studies, comparisons of outcomes between exposed and nonexposed subjects must account for the effect of confounders. Propensity score methods have been widely used to control for confounding, when estimating exposure effect. Previous studies have shown that conditioning on the propensity score results in biased estimation of conditional odds ratio and hazard ratio. However, research is lacking on the performance of propensity score methods for covariate adjustment when estimating the area under the ROC curve (AUC). In this paper, AUC is proposed as measure of effect when outcomes are continuous. The AUC is interpreted as the probability that a randomly selected nonexposed subject has a better response than a randomly selected exposed subject. A series of simulations has been conducted to examine the performance of propensity score methods when association between exposure and outcomes is quantified by AUC; this includes determining the optimal choice of variables for the propensity score models. Additionally, the propensity score approach is compared with that of the conventional regression approach to adjust for covariates with the AUC. The choice of the best estimator depends on bias, relative bias, and root mean squared error. Finally, an example looking at the relationship of depression/anxiety and pain intensity in people with sickle cell disease is used to illustrate the estimation of the adjusted AUC using the proposed approaches.
Evaluation and optimization of seal behaviour through solid contamination of heat‐sealed films
Authors: Bamps Bram , D'huys Karlien , Schreib Ina , Stephan Benjamin , De Ketelaere Bart , Peeters Roos
Published: May 2019

A method is presented to apply solid powder/granulate contamination (ground coffee and blood powder) in between the heat conductive seals of flexible packaging materials. A response surface method is tested and validated to optimize seal strength of heat conductive sealing with and without solid contamination. In this study, a maximal seal strength is defined as optimal. Using these methods, three typical packaging films with varying seal layer composition (metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), plastomer, and sodium ionomer) are maximized towards contaminated seal strength. Contamination caused a decrease in seal strength and narrowed down the process window (seal temperature and time combinations) in which at least 90% of the maximal strength is obtained. The influence of seal layer composition on the clean and solid (ground coffee and blood powder) contaminated seal performance (seal strength, process window, and leak tightness) was evaluated. The film with the plastomer‐based seal layer outperformed the other films with respect to the width of the process window. It also reached a higher seal strength and a higher amount of leak tight seals (evaluated with the dye penetration test) after optimization. The hot tack test was evaluated as predictive test for the contaminated seal strength. The results of this study do not support an indicative relationship.
Structurally uneasy but kinetically stable nitrogens in 1,3‐disubstituted cyclotetrazenes: Viable high‐energy‐density materials
Authors: Xin Jing‐fan , Bo Xiao‐xu , Ding Yi‐hong
Published: May 2019

In designing the polynitrogen and nitrogen‐rich high‐energy‐density materials (HEDMs), one continuously challenged issue is to solve the severe conflict between “stability and detonation.” Most known nitrogen‐containing and nonsaltlike HEDMs involve the normally bonded skeletal nitrogens. Here, we computationally proposed a nontraditional class of nitrogen‐rich compounds with structurally uneasy nitrogens, that is, 1,3‐disubstituted cyclotetrazenes N4R2 (I), which bear the moderate 6π‐aromaticity and slight singlet diradical character. The target N4R2 (I) can preferably balance the “stability and detonation” necessity of HEDM, and can be fabricated into diversified compounds ranging from simple to nano‐sized high‐energy porous frameworks. The robustness of N4R2 (I) should much expand our perceiving limitation in the nitrogen‐rich HEDM chemistry.
Synthesis and Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity of Tm3+/Yb3+ Co–Doped Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55
Authors: Zhang Zuowei , Jin Shanshan , Hao Hongshun , Hou Yunxia , Hou Hongman , Zhang Gongliang , Bi Jingran , Yan Shuang , Liu Guishan , Gao Wenyuan
Published: May 2019

A novel photocatalyst of Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 doped with Tm3+/Yb3+ was prepared by a simple coprecipitation method followed by a calcination technology. The as‐synthesized Tm3+/Yb3+‐Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 samples were characterized by various analytical methods. The as‐synthesized sample exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity when degrading Rhodamine B under the irradiation of visible‐light. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Tm3+/Yb3+‐Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 (95.2%) was higher than that of pure Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 (85.2%) in 50 min. Besides, the sample revealed a stable photocatalytic property after four photodegradation cycles. Therefore, this study may provide a better method to obtain stable upconversion photocatalyst degrading organic pollution with greatly improved activity.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Genistein Amino Acid Ester Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Tumor Agents
Authors: Long Xiao‐kang , Liao Lan‐Qing , Zeng Yao‐Fu , Zhang Ye , Xiao Fang , Li Chong , Guo Yu
Published: May 2019

Thirty‐one novel genistein amino acid ester derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐proliferative activities against HUVEC cells and five cancer cells lines (HCT‐116, HeLa, HepG‐2, MCF‐7, MGC‐803). Most of the amino acid ester derivatives exhibited more inhibitory activity than their parent compound genistein. In particular, compound 8 j (methyl(4‐((5‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐oxo‐4H‐chromen‐7‐yl)oxy)butanoyl)tryptophanate) bearing tryptophan chain showed the most cytotoxicity against HCT‐116 cells with IC50 value of 2.76 μM. Further mechanistic studies indicated that compound 8 j suppressed HCT‐116 cell metastasis and induced cell apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Cell cycle assay showed that compound 8 j arrested the HCT‐116 cells to G1 phase. These studies suggested compound 8 j might be a potential candidate for developing new anticancer drugs.
Synthesis of 3,5‐Diaryl‐2,6‐dicyanoanilines from Tandem Reactions of Ynones with Malononitrile
Authors: He Jiaojiao , Li Zheng
Published: May 2019

A new method for the synthesis of 3,5‐diaryl‐2,6‐dicyanoanilines from tandem reactions of ynones with malononitrile in the absence of transition metal catalysts is described. This protocol has good functional group tolerance, mild condition, high yield and simple work‐up procedure.
Selective Metal‐Ion Detection and Activatable Photosensitization Properties of a Tetraphenylethylene‐Based Salicylideneimine
Authors: Marandi Parvati , Kumar P. P. Praveen , Venugopalan Paloth , Neelakandan Prakash P.
Published: May 2019

Development of chemosensors for metal ions is an active area of research. Fluorescent chemosensors capable of detecting multiple metal ions are valuable because of their potential utility in diagnostics and environmental science. We have synthesized a Schiff‐base chemosensor based on the tetraphenylethylene chromophore. It was observed that the chemosensor interacts with Cu(II) and Zn(II) in acetonitrile with high association constants of 2.33 × 1021and 1.33 × 1021 M−4, respectively. Moreover, the interaction of these metal ions with the chemosensor resulted in visual colour and fluorescence changes. Nanoaggregates of this molecule, on the other hand, were observed to be selective towards Cu(II) in the aqueous medium. It is also noteworthy that the binding of Cu(II) activates photosensitization property of this molecule and generates singlet oxygen efficiently.
Silkworm Excrement Derived In‐situ Co‐doped Nanoporous Carbon as Confining Sulfur Host for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Rong , Rao Zhenggang , Li Yong , Li Hongyi , Fei Linfeng , Lei Shuijin , Wang Yu
Published: May 2019

Lithium sulfur batteries (Li−S) are widely proposed as the next generation energy storage systems due to their super high energy density. However, one of the challenges remains in the “shuttle effects” of polysulfides, which hinders the practical application of Li−S. To address the above issue, herein, we propose an innovative design strategy of in‐situ co‐doped nanoporous carbon (ICPC) derived from silkworm excrement to achieve the strong chemical bonding and strict physical confinement of sulfur. As a result, the migration of polysulfides might be suppressed by the synergistic effects of physical and chemical interactions, which is helpful for the significant improvement of electrochemical performance. After 100 stable cyclic discharge‐charge tests at the current density of 0.2 C, the reversible capacity of the as obtained ICPC−S composite cathode still maintains around 500 mAh g−1, corresponding to 67% capacity retention. More importantly, high Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% can be realized, suggesting the greatly avoided “shuttle effects”. Such a novel design of in‐situ co‐doped nanoporous carbon opens up new possibilities for high performance lithium sulfur batteries.
Al2O3‐TiO2 Modified Sulfonated Carbon with Hierarchically Ordered Pores for Glucose Conversion to 5‐HMF
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Jiangang , Wang Jinghua , Wang Yong , Wang Ming , Cui Hongyou , Song Feng , Sun Xiuyu , Xie Yujiao , Yi Weiming
Published: May 2019

Sulfonated carbons with hierarchically ordered pores (SCHOP) are not effective catalysts for glucose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) although they are very effective for fructose conversion due to insufficient and unsuitable Lewis acid sites in SCHOP unfavorable for isomerization of glucose to fructose. This paper attempts to intensify the Lewis acid sites on the surface of SCHOP by doping Al2O3 and TiO2 (Al−Ti@SCHOP) so as to promote glucose conversion to 5‐HMF. Characterizations by SEM, TEM, BET and N2 adsorption‐desorption showed that the well‐ordered hierarchical pore structure of SCHOP was preserved after doping the metal oxides. EDS and XRD analyses confirmed that Al2O3 and TiO2 were well‐dispersed on the surface. FTIR, Py‐FTIR and NH3‐TPD proved that not only sulfonic acid groups were introduced successfully but also very strong acid sites were formed. Furthermore, the strength of Lewis and Brönsted acid sites on the surface of Al−Ti@SCHOP were tailored by adjusting the mass ratio of Al2O3 to TiO2. Al−Ti@SCHOP with an Al2O3/TiO2 mass ratio of 2:1 demonstrated the highest catalytic activity for glucose dehydration to 5‐HMF. As high as above 96% of 5‐HMF selectivity could be obtained within the initial reaction time of 3.0 h, and a maximum 5‐HMF yield of 57.36% occurred at the reaction time of 5.0 h when reacting at 130 °C. Besides, the catalyst has its good stability.
Single‐Atom Nanozyme Based on Nanoengineered Fe–N–C Catalyst with Superior Peroxidase‐Like Activity for Ultrasensitive Bioassays
Authors: Cheng Nan , Li Jin‐Cheng , Liu Dong , Lin Yuehe , Du Dan
Published: May 2019

Single‐atom catalysts are becoming a hot research topic owing to their unique characteristics of maximum specific activity and atomic utilization. Herein, a new single‐atom nanozyme (SAN) based on single Fe atoms anchored on N‐doped carbons supported on carbon nanotube (CNT/FeNC) is proposed. The CNT/FeNC with robust atomic Fe–Nx
moieties is synthesised, showing superior peroxidase‐like activity. Furthermore, the CNT/FeNC is used as the signal element in a series of paper‐based bioassays for ultrasensitive detection of H2O2, glucose, and ascorbic acid. The SAN provides a new type of signal element for developing various biosensing techniques.
Independent Blue and Red Light Triggered Narcissistic Self‐Sorting Self‐Assembly of Colloidal Particles
Authors: Sentürk Oya Ilke , Chervyachkova Elizaveta , Ji Yuhao , Wegner Seraphine V.
Published: May 2019

The ability of living systems to self‐sort different cells into separate assemblies and the ability to independently regulate different structures are one ingredient that gives rise to their spatiotemporal complexity. Here, this self‐sorting behavior is replicated in a synthetic system with two types of colloidal particles; where each particle type independently self‐assembles either under blue or red light into distinct clusters, known as narcissistic self‐sorting. For this purpose, each particle type is functionalized either with the light‐switchable protein VVDHigh or Cph1, which homodimerize under blue and red light, respectively. The response to different wavelengths of light and the high specificity of the protein interactions allows for the independent self‐assembly of each particle type with blue or red light and narcissistic self‐sorting. Moreover, as both of the photoswitchable protein interactions are reversible in the dark; also, the self‐sorting is reversible and dynamic. Overall, the independent blue and red light controlled self‐sorting in a synthetic system opens new possibilities to assemble adaptable, smart, and advanced materials similar to the complexity observed in tissues.
Aging behavior of flame‐retardant cross‐linked polyethylene in nuclear power plant environments
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Kaneko Takuya , Hirai Naoshi , Ohki Yoshimichi
Published: May 2019

Sheets of flame‐retardant cross‐linked polyethylene (FR‐XLPE) were aged thermally at 80, 100, 135, and 155 °C for various periods from 100 to 800 h. They were also aged concurrently by heat and gamma rays at the same temperatures for the same periods at a dose rate of 100 Gy/h. For these sheets, we measured indenter modulus, elongation at break, complex permittivity, and absorption spectra at midinfrared and THz frequencies. As a result, it has become clear that the aging at 135 °C makes FR‐XLPE hard regardless of the presence of concurrent irradiation of gamma rays. This makes the transport of charge carriers difficult. Therefore, both the real and the imaginary parts of complex permittivity decrease, which is significant if the measurement frequency is low. However, this tendency becomes opposite as the samples were aged at 155 °C by heat or concurrently by heat and radiation. Using indenter modulus as an indicator, it has become clear that the aging progress is composed of two different stages, which could be a good clue to the explanation of these opposite changes in complex permittivity. On the other hand, the samples aged at 155 °C concurrently by heat and radiation show larger values in the indenter modulus and in two parts of complex permittivity than the samples aged at the same temperature only by heat. This is probably due to the oxidative degradation induced by the cooperative reaction of heat and radiation. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Average value model of modular multilevel converters for switching overvoltage simulation in VSC‐HVDC grids
Authors: Chen Ning , Qi Lei , Hou Weilin , Cui Xiang
Published: May 2019

The first ±500 kV voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC‐HVDC) grid in the world is being built in China. The half‐bridge submodule‐based modular multilevel converter (MMC), the direct current (DC) circuit breaker (DCCB), and the overhead line are used in the project. Switching overvoltage will occur after the DCCB turns off the short circuit current (SCC) in the VSC‐HVDC grid. The existing average value models (AVMs) of MMC still have some limitations in simulating such a kind of overvoltage. The main reason is that these AVMs cannot accurately simulate the working states of MMC in the VSC‐HVDC grid with DCCB. This article summarizes the possible cases of the action strategies between the DCCB and MMC in the VSC‐HVDC grid. Then, the working states of MMC in the different cases are analyzed. Corresponding to different working states, the limitations of existing AVMs are analyzed. The existing AVMs cannot simulate the alternating current or DC components in the arm current before being blocked and the charging process of the submodule capacitor after being blocked. An enhanced AVM is proposed in this article, which can fully simulate the MMC's working states. Simulation results show that the accuracy of the proposed AVM is highly improved over the existing AVMs. Meanwhile, the simulation efficiency of the proposed model is improved over the detailed equivalent model that is highly accurate but relatively low efficient for VSC‐HVDC grid simulations. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Simple Proof of Grounding Internality
Authors: Lovett Adam ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2019

Some people think that grounding is a type of identity. And some people think that grounding connections hold necessarily. I show that, under plausible assumptions, if grounding is a type of identity, then grounding connections hold necessarily.
Di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induces cytotoxicity in HEK‐293 cell line, implication of the Nrf‐2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway
Authors: Amara Ines , Timoumi Rim , Graiet Imen , Ben Salem Intidhar , Adelou Kamilath , Abid‐Essefi Salwa
Published: May 2019

The di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in the polyvinyl chloride industry. Human exposure to this plasticizer is inevitable and contributes to several side effects. In this study, we examined whether DEHP induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293) and whether the nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2)/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) antioxidant pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of this process. We demonstrated that DEHP is cytotoxic to HEK‐293 cells. It causes oxidative damage through the generation of free radicals, induces lipid peroxidation, and alters superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Simultaneously, DEHP treatment decreases the expression and the protein level of Nrf‐2 and HO‐1. Inhibition of the Nrf‐2/HO‐1 pathway is related to the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This apoptotic process is characterized by a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and upregulation of the expression of caspase‐3 mRNA as well as its protein level.
Bryozoan Fauna from the Burdigalian of Quilon Beds of Padappakara, Kerala, India
Authors: Sonar Mohan A. , Badve Ramesh M.
Published: May 2019

This communication includes the description of sixteen species of cheilostome Bryozoa from the lower Miocene (Burdigalian) of Quilon beds of Padappakara, Kerala, India. Four out of these species are newly indexed. They are Skylonia malabarica, Vincularia taylori, Adeonellopsis keralaensis and Stylopoma warkhalensis. The species in these rocks are reported for the first time. These species are Nellia tenella, Tretosina sp.1, Tretosina sp. 2., Steginoporella cf. vicksburgia, Cosciniopsis sp., Adeona articulata, Adeona sp., Adeonellopsis sp., ?Emballotheca sp., Stylopoma aff. magniovicellata, ?Petraliella sp. and Anoteropora magnicapitata. Majority of them are tropical to subtropical, warm water species. Affinities with Indo-Pacific and Atlantic bryozoan faunas are discussed. Palaeoecological analysis of zoarial growth forms indicate moderate to high sedimentation rate and deposition in the inner shelf environment.
A Rare Occurrence of Deformed Tholeiitic Basalt Sill (Amphibolite) from Mesoarchaean Ghattihosahalli belt, Western Dharwar Craton, Karnataka
Authors: Srinivasaiah C. , Vasudev V. N.
Published: May 2019

This paper records the occurrence and significance of a rare sill of tholeiitic basalt composition emplaced into the Mesoarchaean Ghattihosahalli Schist belt in western Dharwar Craton. The sill is represented by schistose amphibolite which is cofolded and deformed along with it’s host metasediments signifying that the sill participated in an event of tectonic stabilization of a microcontinent prior to the initiation of deposition of the Dharwar Supergroup.
Occurrence and Depositional Environment of the Genus Actinocythereis (Ostracod) from the Lower Miocene Sediments of Kachchh, Gujarat
Authors: Bhanat Nidhi , Nagori M. L. , Chaudhary Maya
Published: May 2019

The genus Actinocythereis commonly occurs in the lower Miocene sediments of Kachchh, Saurashtra and Kerala basins. Among these basins, the genus thrives well in Kachchh basin, where it is represented by five species, including two new subspecies: Actinocythereis gujaratensis (Tewari and Tandon) karanpurensis n. subsp. and Actinocythereis vinjhanensis (Tewari and Tandon) lakhpatensis n. subsp., reported in this study. A. gujaratensis Tewari and Tandon, A. tumefaciens (Lyubimova and Guha) and A. vinjhanensis (Tewari and Tandon) have been previously described. The systematics along with paleoecological data of the genus presented.
Correlation of Tectonics with Geologic Lineaments Interpreted from Remote Sensing Data for Kandiah Valley, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Akram Mian Sohail , Mirza Kamran , Zeeshan Muhammad , Ali Imran
Published: May 2019

In the present study, geologic lineaments have been extracted by automatic lineament extraction algorithm of Geomatica software, using digital elevation model (DEM) derived shaded relief images being illuminated with multiple illumination directions. Fieldwork has been carried out for ground truth and in search of any possible evidence of movement along the extracted lineaments in the Kandiah valley in Kohistan district. A regional lineament (possible fault) has been inferred in recent a geological study (e.g. Zeilinger, 2002) that has been found to cross the Kandiah valley. The analysis and ground verification of automatic extracted geologic lineaments revealed that Kandiah valley is in one block without having any regional geological lineament. However, a good correlation was found among the predominant orientations of extracted geologic lineaments and the measured trends of rock features such as rock foliation, drainage pattern and linear ridges. Based on extracted lineaments, no pronounced lineament or fault with the regional extension was identified. This finding is consistent with the field observations as no defenite evidence of fault was found in the study area.
Stressful life events and well‐being among rural‐to‐urban migrant adolescents: The moderating role of the stress mindset and differences between genders
Authors: Jiang Ying , Zhang Jing , Ming Hua , Huang Silin , Lin Danhua
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Recent empirical studies have shown that the stress mindset is an implicit belief about stress and that the stress‐is‐enhancing mindset attenuates the negative effects of stressful life events on psychological and behavioral outcomes. Migrant adolescents experience more adverse life events, which are potential risk factors that can decrease their well‐being. This study first explored the relationship between stressful life events and well‐being (depression and life satisfaction) among Chinese rural‐to‐urban migrant adolescents. Furthermore, we examined the protective role of the enhancing stress mindset in this relationship and the moderating effect of gender.

Methods

In total, 396 Chinese rural‐to‐urban migrant adolescents aged between 10 and 14 years (M = 11.75 years,SD = 1.16) completed a battery of self‐report questionnaires concerning their stressful life events, stress mindsets, depression and life satisfaction.

Results

The hierarchical multiple regressions showed that stressful life events were positively associated with depression and negatively associated with life satisfaction. Compared to the adolescents with the stress‐is‐debilitating mindset, the adolescents with the stress‐is‐enhancing mindset were less prone to depression when faced with more stressful life events. Furthermore, the stress mindset was positively linked to life satisfaction among the girls but not the boys.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the stress‐is‐enhancing mindset is a protective factor that may help migrant adolescents mitigate adversity and improve their well‐being.
The integration of biometrics and AI
Authors: Kairinos Nikolas
Published: May 2019

We've all been entertained by surreal examples of artificial intelligence (AI) in sci-fi movies: from smart homes that trigger a lockdown at the slightest hint of danger, to facial security scans that only grant access to invited guests. But these technologies are no longer confined to the world of fiction – they are becoming a reality for consumers.
The Social Dimension of EU State Aid Law and Policy
Authors: FERRI Delia , PIERNAS LÓPEZ Juan Jorge
Published: May 2019

Traditionally, EU state aid law has been attached to the goals of maintaining free competition and preventing the distortionary effects of Member States’ economic intervention, while social considerations have been considered immaterial to state aid control. However, in more recent years, EU state aid law has acquired a clearer ‘social dimension’, indirectly streamlining national subsidies towards social goals. The entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, and particularly of Articles 3(3) TEU and 9 TFEU, has had an impact on the way in which social goals have been taken into account in the application of the state aid provisions. In the last decade, the European Commission has sought out a more appropriate balance between the main objective of preserving competition in the internal market on the one hand, and social objectives, also enshrined nowadays in the Treaties, on the other. This ‘social dimension’ is still underdeveloped, but emerges to varying degrees when looking respectively at the definition of state aid under Article 107(1) TFEU, at the scope of the derogations under Articles 107(2) and 107(3) TFEU and at the secondary legislation adopted for their implementation.
The European Pillar of Social Rights: An Assessment of its Meaning and Significance
Authors: GARBEN Sacha
Published: May 2019

The European Pillar of Social Rights is a high-profile political reaffirmation of twenty social rights and principles. Its implementation deploys the full EU governance arsenal: regulations, directives, recommendations, communications, new institutions, funding actions, and country-specific recommendations. As such, the static imagery evoked by a ‘pillar’ does not capture the true nature of the initiative, which is dynamic and fluid, wide-ranging, and permeating. An equation of the Pillar with the set of twenty rights and principles it proclaims similarly fails to capture its true significance, which lies in its programmatic nature. Several important measures have already been proposed as part of this new social action plan for Europe, some of which are close to adoption. This Article analyses the meaning of the Pillar and its potential significance, by considering its contentsensu largo, and its broader context. It argues that even if the Pillar cannot address all the EU's social failings, it has put a surprising social spin on the Better Regulation Agenda that was threatening to erode the socialacquis, it has rekindled the EU's relationship with the International Labour Organization and Council of Europe, and it helps rebalance the EU's output by reviving the use of the Treaty's Social Title.
Laboratory Monitoring Practices Among Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Clinicians
Authors: Atwal Amanbir , Schabas Alice , Head Jamie , Taylor Carolyn , Traboulsee Anthony , Barclay Krista , Carruthers Robert
Published: May 2019

Background: Advances in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease modifying therapy (DMT) have increased laboratory monitoring requirements. Our goal was to survey existing practices and perceptions of risk in laboratory monitoring throughout Canada and assess whether opportunities to improve patient care and safety exist. Methods: A web-based survey assessing prescriber demographics, current infrastructure, and concerns for lab monitoring was sent to the Canadian Network of MS Clinics (CNMSC) listserv, inviting MS clinicians across the country to participate. Results: Respondents included 32/65 CNMSC-affiliated neurologists (49%), 6 registered nurses (RN), 2 nurse practitioners (NP), and 2 non-neurologist physicians from 8/10 provinces. For some questions, analysis was limited to 34 DMT-prescribing clinicians only. Despite broad implementation of electronic medical records (25/34, 74%), many prescribers (15/34, 44%) still receive laboratory results in paper form. In terms of lab monitoring infrastructure, we noted regional variability in the employment of nursing to monitor patient compliance with required laboratory monitoring. There is also a gap in laboratory surveillance, as less than 5% of respondents reported regularly reviewing results on weekends. Providers’ length of practice and volume of MS patients were not associated with different perception of DMT laboratory monitoring risk. Conclusions: This nation-wide survey showed variability in infrastructure used in laboratory monitoring and regional variation in nursing involvement. Providers’ level of concern for laboratory monitoring for DMTs did not vary by years of experience or volume of MS patients followed, suggesting that improved systems, rather than education, could ameliorate perceptions of risk.
Scattering of gravity waves by a periodically structured ridge of finite extent
Authors: Maurel Agnès , Pham Kim , Marigo Jean-Jacques
Published: May 2019

We study the propagation of water waves over a ridge structured at the subwavelength scale using homogenization techniques able to account for its finite extent. The calculations are conducted in the time domain considering the full three-dimensional problem to capture the effects of the evanescent field in the water channel over the structured ridge and at its boundaries. This provides an effective two-dimensional wave equation which is a classical result but also non-intuitive transmission conditions between the region of the ridge and the surrounding regions of constant immersion depth. Numerical results provide evidence that the scattering properties of a structured ridge can be strongly influenced by the evanescent fields, a fact which is accurately captured by the homogenized model.
Simultaneous skin friction and velocity measurements in high Reynolds number pipe and boundary layer flows
Authors: Baidya R. , Baars W. J. , Zimmerman S. , Samie M. , Hearst R. J. , Dogan E. , Mascotelli L. , Zheng X. , Bellani G. , Talamelli A. , Ganapathisubramani B. , Hutchins N. , Marusic I. , Klewicki J. , Monty J. P.
Published: May 2019

Streamwise velocity and wall-shear stress are acquired simultaneously with a hot-wire and an array of azimuthal/spanwise-spaced skin friction sensors in large-scale pipe and boundary layer flow facilities at high Reynolds numbers. These allow for a correlation analysis on a per-scale basis between the velocity and reference skin friction signals to reveal which velocity-based turbulent motions are stochastically coherent with turbulent skin friction. In the logarithmic region, the wall-attached structures in both the pipe and boundary layers show evidence of self-similarity, and the range of scales over which the self-similarity is observed decreases with an increasing azimuthal/spanwise offset between the velocity and the reference skin friction signals. The present empirical observations support the existence of a self-similar range of wall-attached turbulence, which in turn are used to extend the model of Baarset al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 823, p. R2) to include the azimuthal/spanwise trends. Furthermore, the region where the self-similarity is observed correspond with the wall height where the mean momentum equation formally admits a self-similar invariant form, and simultaneously where the mean and variance profiles of the streamwise velocity exhibit logarithmic dependence. The experimental observations suggest that the self-similar wall-attached structures follow an aspect ratio of$7:1:1$in the streamwise, spanwise and wall-normal directions, respectively.
Does group cohesion moderate associations between attachment, caregiving, and OCB?
Authors: Reizer Abira , Oren Lior , Hornik Yonadav
Published: May 2019

This research focused on the role of group cohesion as moderating the psychological manifestations of attachment and caregiving in performing organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Data were collected from 147 employees, who took part in a 9-week training course. Participants completed questionnaires assessing their attachment and caregiving dimensions as well as group cohesion. Participant OCB levels were assessed by their trainers at the end of the course. Anxious individuals tended to express higher levels of OCB-individual under high levels of group cohesion. However, compulsive caregivers tended to perform OCBI under low levels of group cohesion. The results highlight the contribution of Bowlby's relational perspective in work settings and the importance of contextual factors in predicting OCB.
Charismatic leadership: Beyond love and hate and toward a sense of belonging?
Authors: Parry Ken , Cohen Michael , Bhattacharya Sukanto , North-Samardzic Andrea , Edwards Gareth
Published: May 2019

Developing previous work on charismatic leadership by Boas Shamir and Ken, we investigate the contention that followers of charismatic leaders have an emotional connection with that leader in the form of a ‘sense of belonging’ and links to community. We, therefore, investigate whether there is any evidence of a sense of belonging when people describe those they judge to be charismatic. Using a mixed-methods aesthetic narrative approach, we are able to supply empirical support for the existence of such a relationship and to extend the findings of previous studies by incorporating the connection that the leader has with the community, in general, as an important factor in the leader–follower relationship.
Identification of predictors’ effects on perceiving the ethical climate and job satisfaction within Serbian tourism industry
Authors: Jovanović Tamara , Mijatov Maja , Dragin Aleksandra S. , Simat Karolina , Majstorović Nebojša
Published: May 2019

As part of comprehensive research on the ethical climate in the Serbian tourism industry, this study examines the effects of selected predictors (job department, individual values and employees’ perspective) on the perception of ethical climate types as well as the relationship between the type of ethical climate, and job satisfaction. Additionally, this study tests these goals for both managers and their subordinates. Research was conducted in 2013, on a sample of 258 employees in different small and medium tourism organizations in Serbia. The findings revealed new information on both ethical climate and job satisfaction-related factors in small and medium tourism enterprises in a non-Western, transitional economy, where ethical behavior is influenced by constant social and economic changes. Several theoretical and managerial implications and future research opportunities were derived from the findings.
Coherence and Continuity: A Study in Comparative Codification
Authors: Fassberg Celia Wasserstein
Published: May 2019

The English common law is frequently referred to as a seamless web; continental lawyers tend rather to think of law in terms of internal coherence and consistency. This is not merely a linguistic fact, and the terms are not simply interchangeable. Each reflects the characteristic mode of thought and of development in its respective system: the common law constantly and gradually emerging as a cumulative historical process; continental law stemming from, and in every case ultimately resting on interpretation of, codes, the product of a moment in history. Thus, although they are both capable of denoting the same idea of wholeness, each term has a slightly different connotative emphasis, the one stressing historical coherence and the other emphasising conceptual coherence.

This is but one example of the proposition that institutions can not be imported wholesale, that foreign legal provisions, and terms of thought and reference, have to be evaluated beyond their immediate superficial appearance before they may be adopted or used as measures for local purposes. All such institutions have both a historical and a contextual significance which makes comparison on the level of one-dimensional questions such as, “Which is the better rule or the more attractive term?” meaningless.
Early menarche and its relationship to paternal migrant work among middle-school-aged students in China
Authors: Zhang Bingzheng , Yu Ting , Chen Qiuxing , Wellings Kaye , Oniffrey Theresa M. , Ma Junrui , Huang Limin , Fan Suiqiong , Ma Lu , Li Rui , Zou Yuliang
Published: May 2019

Associations have been shown between father’s absence and menarcheal age, but most studies have focused on absence resulting from divorce, abandonment or death. Little research has been conducted to evaluate the effect on menarcheal age of paternal absence through migrant work. In a sample of 400 middle school students, this study examined the association between paternal migrant work and menarcheal age against a backdrop of extensive rural-to-urban migration in China. Data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire, including social-demographic characteristics, aspects of family relationships, information about father’s migrant work and age at menarche. After adjusting for BMI, parent marital status and perceived relationship with mother, lower self-perceived quality of father–daughter relationship (both ‘father present, relationship poor’ and ‘father absent, relationship poor’) and lower frequency of contact with the father were associated with higher odds for early menarche. These findings suggest that the assumption that father’s absence for work influences the timing of menarche needs to be examined in the context of the quality of the father–daughter relationship and paternal care, which appear to play a critical role in the timing of menarche. These findings also emphasize the importance of enhancing paternal involvement and improving father–daughter relationships in the development of appropriate reproductive strategy in daughters.
Effects of habitat alteration and disturbance by humans and exotic species on fosaCryptoprocta feroxoccupancy in Madagascar's deciduous forests
Authors: Merson Samuel D. , Dollar Luke J. , Tan Cedric Kai Wei , Macdonald David W.
Published: May 2019

Anthropogenic habitat alteration and invasive species are threatening carnivores globally. Understanding the impact of these factors is critical for creating localized, effective conservation programmes. Madagascar's Eupleridae have been described as the least studied and most threatened group of carnivores. We investigated the effects of habitat degradation and the presence of people and exotic species on the modelled occupancy of the endemic fosaCryptoprocta ferox, conducting camera-trap surveys in two western deciduous forests, Ankarafantsika National Park and Andranomena Special Reserve. Our results indicated no clear patterns between habitat degradation and fosa occupancy but a strong negative association between catsFelissp. and fosas. Cat occupancy was negatively associated with birds and positively associated with contiguous forest and narrow trails. In contrast, dogCanis lupus familiarisoccupancy was best predicted by wide trails, degraded forest and exotic civets. Our results suggest fosas are capable of traversing degraded landscapes and, in the short term, are resilient to contiguous forest disturbance. However, high occupancy of cats and dogs in the landscape leads to resource competition through prey exploitation and interference, increasing the risk of transmission of potentially fatal diseases. Management strategies for exotic carnivores should be considered, to reduce the widespread predation of endemic species and the transmission of disease.
Identifying habitat and understanding movement resistance for the Endangered Bornean bantengBos javanicus lowiin Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Lim Hong Ye , Gardner Penny C. , Abram Nicola K. , Yusah Kalsum M. , Goossens Benoit
Published: May 2019

Habitat prioritization and corridor restoration are important steps for reconnecting fragmented habitats and species populations, and spatial modelling approaches are useful in identifying suitable habitat for elusive tropical rainforest mammals. The Endangered Bornean bantengBos javanicus lowi, a wild bovid endemic to Borneo, occurs in habitat that is highly fragmented as a result of extensive agricultural expansion. Based on the species’ historical distribution in Sabah (Malaysia), we conducted camera-trap surveys in 14 forest reserves during 2011–2016. To assess suitable habitat for the banteng we used a presence-only maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach with 11 spatial predictors, including climate, infrastructure, land cover and land use, and topography variables. We performed a least-cost path analysis usingLinkage Mapper,to understand the resistance to movement through the landscape. The surveys comprised a total of 44,251 nights of camera trapping. We recorded banteng presence in 11 forest reserves. Key spatial predictors deemed to be important in predicting suitable habitat included soil associations (52.6%), distance to intact and logged forests (11.8%), precipitation in the driest quarter (10.8%), distance to agro-forest and regenerating forest (5.7%), and distance to oil palm plantations (5.1%). Circa 11% of Sabah had suitable habitat (7,719 km2), of which 12.2% was in protected forests, 60.4% was in production forests and 27.4% was in other areas. The least-cost path model predicted 21 linkages and a relatively high movement resistance between core habitats. Our models provide information about key habitat and movement resistance for bantengs through the landscape, which is crucial for constructive conservation strategies and land-use planning.
Fungi Associated with Caryopses ofSetariaSpecies from Field-Harvested Seeds and from Soil Under Two Tillage Systems
Authors: Pitty Abelino , Staniforth David W. , Tiffany Lois H.
Published: May 2019

Seeds of green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) P. Beauv. # SETVI] and giant foxtail (S. faberiHerrm. # SETFA) were collected from mature plants in the field and recovered from three soil depths under two types of tillage. Fungi colonizing the caryopses were isolated to determine the effect of tillage and soil depth on fungal colonization and the field flora.Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissler andEpicoccum purpurascensEhrenb. ex Schlecht. were the two fungi most frequently isolated from the hand-harvested seeds. Percentages of fungal colonization were directly related to size of the caryopses. The most frequently isolated fungus species recovered from seeds from soil wereA. alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides(Fresen.) de Vries,E. purpurascens, and two unidentified fungi with sterile mycelium. One sterile fungus had white rough mycelium, and the other had dark mycelium. These two sterile fungi had a detrimental effect on foxtail seed germination in the laboratory. Caryopsis colonization seems to be related to the placement of the crop residues in the soil. In reduced-tillage plots, more caryopses were colonized in the top soil layer (0 to 7.5 cm) than in the 7.5- to 15-cm layer. In plowed soils, greater colonization occurred at the lower depth.