bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human resource implications of expanding latent tuberculosis patient care activities
Authors: Alsdurf Hannah , Benedetti Andrea , Buu Tran Ngoc , Adjobimey Menonli , Cook Victoria J. , Fisher Dina , Fox Gregory , Fregonese Federica , Hadisoemarto Panji , Johnston James , Long Richard , Obeng Joseph , Oxlade Olivia , Ruslami Rovina , Schwartzman Kevin , Strumpf Erin , Menzies Dick
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared increasing services for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) a priority to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) by 2035. Yet, there is little information about thehuman resource needs required to implement LTBI treatment scale-up. Our study aimed to estimate the change in healthcare workers (HCW) time spent on different patient care activities, following an intervention to strengthen LTBI services.

Methods

We conducted a time and motion (TAM) study, observing HCW throughout a typical workday before and after the intervention (Evaluation and Strengthening phases, respectively) at 24 health facilities in five countries. The precise time spent on pre-specified categories of work activities was recorded. Time spent on direct patient care was subcategorized as relating to one of three conditions: LTBI, active or suspected TB, and non-TB (i.e., patients with any other medical condition). A linear mixed model (LMM) was fit to estimate the change in HCW time following the intervention.

Results

A total of 140 and 143 HCW participated in the TAMs during the Evaluation and Strengthening phases, respectively. Results from intervention facilities showed an increase of 9% (95% CI: 3%, 15%) in the proportion of HCW time spent on LTBI-related services, but with a corresponding change of -11% (95% CI: -21%, -1%) on active TB services. There was no change in the proportion of time spent on LTBI care in control facilities; this remained low in both phases of the study.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that additional HCW personnel will be required for expansion of LTBI services to ensure that this expansion does not reduce the time available for care of active TB patients.
Sheep and goat pathogen database: a pathogen data integration and analysis database of sheep and goat infectious diseases
Authors: Pan Haoju , Jiao Zizhuo , Li Hong , Li Suya , Xu Le , Li Shiyuan , Meng Yong , Fu Yujing , Chen Taoyu , Chen Qiaoling , Chen Si , Du Li , Man Churiga , Wang Fengyang , Gao Hongyan
Published: January 2024

The prevalence of infectious diseases in sheep and goats has a significant impact on the development of the sheep and goat industry and public health security. The identification and analysis of pathogens are crucial for infectious disease research; however, existing databases pay little attention to sheep and goat diseases, and pathogen data are relatively scattered. Therefore, the effective integration, analysis and visualization of these data will help us conduct in-depth research on sheep and goat infectious diseases and promote the formulation of disease prevention and control strategies. This article considered the pathogens of 44 infectious diseases in sheep and goats as the main research objects and collected and downloaded relevant scientific literature, pathogen genomes, pathogen transcriptomes, pathogen occurrence records, and other data. The C# programming language and an SQL Server database were used to construct and realize the functions of the Sheep and Goat Pathogen Database (SGPD) within a B/S architecture based on the ASP.NET platform. The SGPD mainly provides an integrated platform for sheep and goat pathogen data retrieval, auxiliary analysis, and user upload, including several functionalities: (1) a Disease Introduction module that queries basic information regarding the 44 recorded sheep and goat infectious diseases, such as epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and prevention and control measures; (2) an Omics Information module that allows users to query and download the genome and transcriptome data related to the pathogens of sheep and goat infectious disease, and provide sequence alignment functionality; (3) a Pathogen Structure module that enables users to view electron micrographs of pathogen structure and tissue sections related to sheep and goat disease from publicly published research; (4) a Literature Search module based on the “Pathogen Dictionary” search strategy that facilitates searches for published research related to pathogens of infectious disease; (5) a Science Popularization module that allows users to view popular science materials related to sheep and goat infectious diseases; and (6) a Public Health module that allows users to query the risk factors of zoonotic disease transmission and the corresponding related literature, and realize the visualization of pathogen distribution. The SGPD is a specialized sheep and goat pathogen information database that provides comprehensive resources and technical support for sheep and goat infectious disease research, prevention, and control.
Validation of targeted next-generation sequencing panels in a cohort of Polish patients with epilepsy: assessing variable performance across clinical endophenotypes and uncovering novel genetic variants
Authors: Badura-Stronka Magdalena , Wołyńska Katarzyna , Winczewska-Wiktor Anna , Marcinkowska Justyna , Karolewska Dagmara , Tomkowiak-Kędzia Danuta , Piechota Michał , Przyborska Marta , Kochalska Natalia , Steinborn Barbara
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Panels (TNGSP) have become a standard in global clinical practice. Instead of questioning the necessity of next-generation sequencing in epilepsy patients, contemporary large-scale research focuses on factors such as the size of TNGSP, the comparative advantages of exome or genome-wide sequencing over TNGSP, and the impact of clinical, electrophysiological, and demographic variables on genetic test performance. This study aims to elucidate the demographic and clinical factors influencing the performance of TNGSP in 138 Polish patients with epilepsy, recognizing the pivotal role of genetic testing in guiding patient management and therapy.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients from a genetic clinic in Poznań, Poland, who underwent commercial gene panel studies at Invitae Corporation (USA) between 2020 and 2022. Patient groups were defined based on the age of onset of the first epileptic seizures, seizure type, gender, fever dependence of seizures, presence of intellectual disability or developmental delay, abnormalities in MRI, and the presence of dysmorphic features or congenital malformations. Seizure classification followed the 2017 ILAE criteria.

Results

Among the 138 patients, 30 (21.7%) exhibited a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant, with a distribution of 20.7% in males and 22.5% in females. Diagnostic performance correlated with the patient’s age at the onset of the first seizure and the type of seizure. Predominant variants were identified in the SCN1A, PRRT2, CDKL5, DEPDC5, TSC2, and SLC2A1 genes. Additionally, 12 genes (CACNA1A, SCN2A, GRIN2A, KCNQ2, CHD2, DYNC1H1, NEXMIF, SCN1B, DDX3X, EEF1A2, NPRL3, UBE3A) exhibited single instances of damage. Notably, novel variants were discovered in DEPDC5, SCN1A, TSC2, CDKL5, NPRL3, DYNC1H1, CHD2, and DDX3X.

Discussion

Identified variants were present in genes previously recognized in both European and non-European populations. A thorough examination of Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUSs), specifically focusing on gene copy number changes, may unveil more extensive chromosomal aberrations. The relatively frequent occurrence of pathological variants in X chromosome-linked genes in girls warrants further investigation, challenging the prevailing notion of male predominance in X-linked epilepsy.
Heterogeneities of the perceptual-motor style during locomotion at height
Authors: Wang Danping , Bargiotas Ioannis , Cao Jiuwen , Vayatis Nicolas , Oudre Laurent , Vidal Pierre-Paul
Published: January 2024

In a recent review, we summarized the characteristics of perceptual-motor style in humans. Style can vary from individual to individual, task to task and pathology to pathology, as sensorimotor transformations demonstrate considerable adaptability and plasticity. Although the behavioral evidence for individual styles is substantial, much remains to be done to understand the neural and mechanical substrates of inter-individual differences in sensorimotor performance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the modulation of perceptual-motor style during locomotion at height in 16 persons with no history of fear of heights or acrophobia. We used an inexpensive virtual reality (VR) video game. In this VR game, Richie’s Plank, the person progresses on a narrow plank placed between two buildings at the height of the 30th floor. Our first finding was that the static markers (head, trunk and limb configurations relative to the gravitational vertical) and some dynamic markers (jerk, root mean square, sample entropy and two-thirds power law at head, trunk and limb level) we had previously identified to define perceptual motor style during locomotion could account for fear modulation during VR play. Our second surprising result was the heterogeneity of this modulation in the 16 young, healthy individuals exposed to moving at a height. Finally, 56% of participants showed a persistent change in at least one variable of their skeletal configuration and 61% in one variable of their dynamic control during ground locomotion after exposure to height.
Deciphering the impact of cerebrospinal fluid on stem cell fate as a new mechanism to enhance clinical therapy development
Authors: Radoszkiewicz Klaudia , Bzinkowska Aleksandra , Chodkowska Magdalena , Rybkowska Paulina , Sypecka Monika , Zembrzuska-Kaska Ilona , Sarnowska Anna
Published: January 2024

Neural stem cells (NSCs) hold a very significant promise as candidates for cell therapy due to their robust neuroprotective and regenerative properties. Preclinical studies using NSCs have shown enough encouraging results to perform deeper investigations into more potential clinical applications. Nevertheless, our knowledge regarding neurogenesis and its underlying mechanisms remains incomplete. To understand them better, it seems necessary to characterize all components of neural stem cell niche and discover their role in physiology and pathology. Using NSCs in vivo brings challenges including limited cell survival and still inadequate integration within host tissue. Identifying overlooked factors that might influence these outcomes becomes pivotal. In this review, we take a deeper examination of the influence of a fundamental element that is present in the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which still remains relatively unexplored. Its role in neurogenesis could be instrumental to help find novel therapeutic solutions for neurological disorders, eventually advancing our knowledge on central nervous system (CNS) regeneration and repair.
Enhancing nutritional value and health benefits of gluten-free confectionery products: innovative pastilles and marshmallows
Authors: Pronina Yuliya , Belozertseva Olga , Nabiyeva Zhanar , Pirozzi Annachiara , Carpentieri Serena , Ferrari Giovanna , Bazylkhanova Elmira , Burlyayeva Anastasiya
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The research focuses on enhancing the nutritional value and potential health benefits of gluten-free confectionery products, developing innovative pastilles and marshmallows enriched with medicinal herb extracts, probiotics, and bioactive compounds from natural sources.

Methods

Physicochemical properties, including water activity, texture, and color, are assessed to evaluate the quality of the final products. Moreover, in vitro digestibility of the confectionery products is also investigated, with a focus on the release of bioactive compounds such as total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total anthocyanin (TAC) during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.

Results and discussion

Results indicate that the addition of specific ingredients to pastille samples does not lead to variations in water activity (~0.44), preserving the original properties, quality, and stability of the food. In contrast, the incorporation of additives in marshmallow products significantly increases water activity (p ≤ 0.05), attributed to their moisture-retaining effect. In general, our findings reveal that texture properties and color parameters are significantly affected by different formulations (p ≤ 0.05) for both confectionery products. Notably, the use of fruit and berries puree, along with the incorporation of additives, improves the functionality of confectionary products in terms of consumer acceptance (harder pastilles and softer marshmallow) and product quality. Furthermore, the study reveals that bioactive compounds are released and become more bioaccessible during digestion, particularly in the intestinal phase, with a maximum release exceeding 97% of TPC and TAC for both pastille and marshmallow samples. These findings pave the way for the development of a new category of gluten-free confectionery products, enriched with functional ingredients that offer potential health benefits, aligning with consumer preferences for natural, functional, and health-conscious treats. This research contributes to the evolving the landscape of functional confectionery products and underscores their potential as immune-boosting and naturally based food options.
Primary mediastinal Ewing’s sarcoma presenting with sudden and severe chest pain: a case report
Authors: Su Chen , Zhu Xiaobo , Zhang Junjie
Published: January 2024

Ewing’s sarcoma, characterized by small round cell morphology, is a rare malignancy, with mediastinal Ewing’s sarcoma being even less common. This case describes a distinctive presentation of primary mediastinal Ewing’s sarcoma in a 32-year-old male presenting with sudden and severe chest pain. Initial evaluation excluded cardiac and pulmonary emergencies, revealing a posterior mediastinal mass through advanced imaging. The patient’s clinical symptoms significantly improved following the complete resection of the tumor via thoracoscopy. Subsequent analysis incorporating imaging, histological, immunohistochemical and genetic findings led to the conclusive diagnosis of primary mediastinal Ewing’s sarcoma.
Case report: meningeal lymphangiogenesis around ependymoma forming along the dura matter
Authors: Hino Utaro , Tamura Ryota , Yo Masahiro , Kase Yoshitaka , Tsuda Noboru , Miyauchi Tsubasa , Sogano Junki , Karatsu Kosuke , Miwa Tomoru , Toda Masahiro
Published: January 2024

Recently, there has been growing interest in the presence and function of meningeal lymphatic vessels, with no direct evidence linking these vessels to primary brain tumors. We report a unique case of recurrent ependymoma in the dura mater, showing histopathological signs of lymphatic proliferation at the tumor attachment site. The patient initially presented with a headache, and was diagnosed with ZFTA fusion-positive supratentorial ependymoma, central nervous system WHO Grade 3. Following multiple dura mater recurrences and surgery, the fifth procedure revealed numerous tumors contralateral to the original site, with genetic testing confirming ZFTA fusion positivity, indicating recurrent ependymoma. Immunohistochemical analysis showed D2-40+ lymphatic vessel proliferation around tumor attachment sites within the dura mater. Elevated expression of ZEB1, which is an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition factor, was also observed, implicating potential involvement in the unique pathophysiology. The present case suggests a new process of metastasis through meningeal lymphatic vessels, although we were unable to visually confirm tumor cell infiltration into the lymphatic vessels. This case is the first report suggesting ependymoma metastasis through dural lymphatic vessels, underlining the need for further case accumulation and study to understand the mechanisms of this phenomenon.
Inhibition of adenovirus transport from the endosome to the cell nucleus by rotenone
Authors: Balsera-Manzanero María , Ghirga Francesca , Ruiz-Molina Ana , Mori Mattia , Pachón Jerónimo , Botta Bruno , Cordero Elisa , Quaglio Deborah , Sánchez-Céspedes Javier
Published: January 2024

Regardless of the clinical impact of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections in the healthy population and its high morbidity in immunosuppressed patients, a specific treatment is still not yet available. In this study, we screened the CM1407 COST Action’s chemical library, comprising 1,233 natural products to identify compounds that restrict HAdV infection. Among them, we identified rotenolone, a compound that significantly inhibited HAdV infection. Next, we selected four isoflavonoid-type compounds (e.g., rotenone, deguelin, millettone, and tephrosin), namely rotenoids, structurally related to rotenolone in order to evaluate and characterized in vitro their antiviral activities against HAdV and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Their IC50 values for HAdV ranged from 0.0039 µM for rotenone to 0.07 µM for tephrosin, with selective indices ranging from 164.1 for rotenone to 2,429.3 for deguelin. In addition, the inhibition of HCMV replication ranged from 50% to 92.1% at twice the IC50 concentrations obtained in the plaque assay for each compound against HAdV. Our results indicated that the mechanisms of action of rotenolone, deguelin, and tephrosin involve the late stages of the HAdV replication cycle. However, the antiviral mechanism of action of rotenone appears to involve the alteration of the microtubular polymerization, which prevents HAdV particles from reaching the nuclear membrane of the cell. These isoflavonoid-type compounds exert high antiviral activity against HAdV at nanomolar concentrations, and can be considered strong hit candidates for the development of a new class of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
Hierarchical buckling of elastic fiber under transverse confinement
Authors: Zhou Tianchang , Liu Jianxiu , Wu Xiaozong , Zhang Pengcheng
Published: January 2024

Hierarchical buckling is a novel phenomenon observed in elastic fibers subjected to transverse confinement; however, the deformation mechanisms and modal transitions of this unique phenomenon remain to be elucidated. This paper investigates the hierarchical buckling of elastic fibers with elliptical (circular) cross-sections under transverse confinement through analytical derivations and numerical simulations. Various magnitudes of hierarchical buckling of fibers are observed with the variation of the controlled elastic matrix stiffness. An analytical solution is first derived for the fiber’s buckling phenomenon, and the hierarchical buckling is accomplished through the superposition of buckling at various modes. The theoretical results are validated against the finite element simulations with good agreement. It is demonstrated from the parametric results that the hierarchical buckling phenomenon is primarily influenced by the stiffness of the external transverse confinement (matrix), which is defined as a dimensionless parameter. It is thus illustrated from the computational results that the buckling of elastic fibers within a solid or fluid matrix can be controlled and customized. The present work provides theoretical guidance for the application of elastic fibers in stretchable conductor fibers and flexible electronic devices.
Accelerating an integrative view of quantum biology
Authors: Kinsey Luke J. , Beane Wendy S. , Tseng Kelly Ai-Sun
Published: January 2024

Quantum biology studies span multiple disciplines including physics, engineering, and biology with the goal of understanding the quantum underpinnings of living systems. Recent findings have brought wide attention to the role of quantum mechanisms in the function and regulation of biological processes. Moreover, a number of activities have been integral in building a vibrant quantum biology community. Due to the inherent interdisciplinary nature of the field, it is a challenge for quantum biology researchers to integrate and advance findings across the physical and biological disciplines. Here we outline achievable approaches to developing a shared platform—including the establishment of standardized manipulation tools and sensors, and a common scientific lexicon. Building a shared community framework is also crucial for fostering robust interdisciplinary collaborations, enhancing knowledge sharing, and diversifying participation in quantum biology. A unified approach promises not only to deepen our understanding of biological systems at a quantum level but also to accelerate the frontiers of medical and technological innovations.
Sex differences in the determination of prescribed load in ballistic bench press
Authors: Izadi Mohammad , Pillitteri Guglielmo , Thomas Ewan , Battaglia Giuseppe , Bianco Antonino , Bellafiore Marianna
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The objectives of the present study were twofold: first, to identify the specific relative load at which the concentric motion transforms into a purely propulsive action among women, and second, to compare the load-velocity relationships between men and women during the bench press throw.

Methods: Fourteen men and fourteen women participated in a test where they progressively increased the load until reaching their one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press exercise. Linear regression models were employed to elucidate the relationships between load and velocity, as well as load and the propulsive phase (% of total concentric time). Additionally, ANCOVA was utilized to compare the linear regression models between men and women.

Results: The results revealed strong and linear associations between load and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) for both men and women, as well as between load and the propulsive phase. Notably, there were significant differences in MPV and the propulsive phase concerning load between men and women. Women transitioned into a fully propulsive concentric phase at approximately 80% of their 1RM, while men achieved this entirely propulsive phase at around 85% of their 1RM. Furthermore, women exhibited reduced velocities when handling lighter relative loads compared to men. Conversely, women demonstrated higher velocities when dealing with loads exceeding 85% of their 1RM in contrast to their male counterparts.

Discussion: These findings hold notable implications for prescribing bench press throw loads for women, which should differ from those recommended for men. Further studies are necessary to validate the efficacy of the proposed load recommendations.
Correlates of felt age in caregivers of people with dementia: findings from the IDEAL study
Authors: Sabatini Serena , Turner Shelbie G. , Morris Robin G. , Opdebeeck Carol , Thom Jeanette M. , Hunt Anna , Allan Louise , Pentecost Claire , Clare Linda
Published: January 2024

Objective

Family relationships influence how people appraise their own aging and how their appraisals impact their health. We analyzed felt age (FA) among family caregivers of people with dementia.

Methods and measures

We used a stratified sample of 1,020 spousal and 202 adult-child caregivers from the IDEAL study. We estimated cross-sectional associations and bidirectional influences between caregivers' FA and their health and wellbeing (depression, number of health conditions, stress, positive aspects of caregiving) over 2 years.

Results

Among spousal caregivers, 25% had a younger FA and 36% had an older FA. Among adult-child caregivers, 21.8% had a younger FA and 36.1% had an older FA. In spousal and adult-child caregivers an older FA was cross-sectionally associated with higher depression, number of health conditions, and stress, and fewer positive aspects of caregiving. In spousal caregivers, hours of care per day moderated the association between FA and depression, and FA was associated with stress 1 year later.

Conclusion

Caregiving may impact FA and its relationship with health. We urge continued research on the connections between caregiving and FA, and how interventions might support caregivers' positive views on their own aging, which will translate views on aging scholarship to meaningfully improve caregivers' lives.
Dark triad personality traits are associated with decreased grey matter volumes in ‘social brain’ structures
Authors: Myznikov Artem , Korotkov Alexander , Zheltyakova Maya , Kiselev Vladimir , Masharipov Ruslan , Bursov Kirill , Yagmurov Orazmurad , Votinov Mikhail , Cherednichenko Denis , Didur Michael , Kireev Maxim
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Personality traits and the degree of their prominence determine various aspects of social interactions. Some of the most socially relevant traits constitute the Dark Triad – narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism – associated with antisocial behaviour, disregard for moral norms, and a tendency to manipulation. Sufficient data point at the existence of Dark Triad ‘profiles’ distinguished by trait prominence. Currently, neuroimaging studies have mainly concentrated on the neuroanatomy of individual dark traits, while the Dark Triad profile structure has been mostly overlooked.

Methods

We performed a clustering analysis of the Dirty Dozen Dark Triad questionnaire scores of 129 healthy subjects using the k-means method. The variance ratio criterion (VRC) was used to determine the optimal number of clusters for the current data. The two-sample t-test within the framework of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to test the hypothesised differences in grey matter volume (GMV) for the obtained groups.

Results

Clustering analysis revealed 2 groups of subjects, both with low-to-mid and mid-to-high levels of Dark Triad traits prominence. A further VBM analysis of these groups showed that a higher level of Dark Triad traits may manifest itself in decreased grey matter volumes in the areas related to emotional regulation (the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex), as well as those included in the reward system (the ventral striatum, the orbitofrontal cortex).

Discussion

The obtained results shed light on the neurobiological basis underlying social interactions associated with the Dark Triad and its profiles.
Testing a chain mediation model of effort-reward imbalance, Confucian values, job satisfaction, and intention to quit among Chinese vocational education teachers
Authors: Wang Guantao , Shi Jinyu
Published: January 2024

Context

This research delves into the significant impact of Confucian Values on the societal fabric of China, particularly in the realm of vocational education. In this setting, these principles are instrumental in guiding both educators and students. The study employs the Culture-Value Structure (CVS) model to dissect the intricate dynamics between Confucian Values, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), educators’ job satisfaction, and their inclination toward leaving the profession. Teachers in vocational education, who are often regarded as moral guides, play a pivotal role in the ethical and social upbringing of students. Adopting Confucian values not only promotes academic success but also nurtures all-round development, equipping students for conscientious societal roles. In the backdrop of Confucian influence, these educators face substantial stressors in the workplace due to varied demands. The ERI model, proposed by Siegrist, serves as a tool to comprehend the stress experienced when there is a disproportion between efforts and rewards. This study delves into how ERI correlates with job satisfaction among vocational education teachers, with a focus on the modifying effect of Confucian values. Additionally, it examines the potential role of job satisfaction in mediating the relationship between ERI and the tendency to consider leaving the job. The research illuminates the complex interrelation of cultural values, occupational stress, job contentment, and career decision-making in the context of vocational education in China.

Methodology

The research involved a group of 332 Vocational education teachers from diverse Chinese institutions. Through thorough statistical analysis, the study validated the model’s effectiveness, notably indicating a substantial direct impact of ERI on the Intention to Quit.

Findings

The investigation pinpointed Factors I (Integrity), II (Confucian Ethos), and IV (Moderation) as key determinants of job satisfaction. Notably, an increase in job satisfaction was found to inversely relate to the likelihood of leaving the profession, implying it could lessen the propensity to resign. The research applied a Chain Mediation Model to elucidate the influence of ERI on the decision to quit, mediated by various factors. The findings highlight the complex interaction of elements influencing teachers’ decisions to leave, showcasing the utility of sophisticated statistical methodologies in decoding complex social dynamics.
Challenges and coping experiences faced by nursing staff in long-term care facilities in China: a qualitative meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Shibo , Xiao Xixi , Ai Yating , Zhang Ailin , Zhou Chunyi , Hu Hui , Wang Yuncui
Published: January 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to discern the challenges and coping experiences encountered by nursing staff in long-term care facilities in China. This will be achieved through the identification, evaluation, and qualitative synthesis of comprehensive data.

Design

This is a qualitative meta-analysis.

Methods

The research systematically examined relevant literature sourced from six databases, concluding the search in August 2023. The inclusion criteria encompassed qualitative and mixed-methods studies in both Chinese and English, focusing on challenges faced by nursing staff in long-term care facilities and their corresponding coping strategies. The application of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework facilitated the qualitative meta-integration process. Three independent researchers meticulously screened and assessed the quality of the chosen studies. The synthesis process sought to amalgamate and structure analogous findings into novel categories through multiple readings of the original literature. These categories were subsequently distilled into comprehensive themes.

Results

Analyzed 15 articles revealed 14 sub-themes and 4 overarching analytical themes. These encompassed Sources of Challenges such as multitasking, clinical emergencies, workplace conflict, demand exceeding resources, and occupational discrimination. Psychological impacts included suppressed emotion, compassion fatigue, and self-doubt. Practical consequences involved damaged health, imbalanced life, and occupational disappointment. Coping strategies identified were self-adjusting, feeling validation and belonging, and finding support.

Conclusion

Our research identified the challenges faced by nursing staff in Chinese long-term care facilities and their coping experiences. We found that most challenges could be mitigated through appropriate adjustments in managerial strategies, such as reasonable human resources planning, and providing resource support, including material, emotional, and informational support. Similarly, institutions should have offered necessary emotional and psychological support to nursing staff to overcome the negative impacts of challenges and encourage them to adopt positive coping strategies.
Exposure assessment during paint spraying and drying using PTR-ToF-MS
Authors: Sabic Srdjan , Bell David , Gasic Bojan , Schmid Kaspar , Peter Thomas , Marcolli Claudia
Published: January 2024

Spraying is a common way to distribute occupational products, but it puts worker's health at risk by exposing them to potentially harmful particles and gases. The objective of this study is to use time-resolved measurements to gain an understanding of spray applications at the process level and to compare them to predictions of exposure models. We used proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) at 1-s time resolution to monitor the gas phase concentration of the solvents acetone, ethanol, butyl acetate, xylene and 1-methoxy-2-propy acetate during outdoor spraying and indoor drying of metal plate under various conditions of outdoor air supply. We found that during spraying, gas-phase exposure was dominated by the more volatile solvents acetone and ethanol, which exhibited strong concentration variations due to the outdoor winds. During drying, exposure strongly depended on the strength of ventilation. Under conditions with high supply of outdoor air, our measurements show a near-exponential decay of the solvent concentrations during drying. Conversely, under conditions without outdoor air supply, the drying process required hours, during which the less volatile solvents passed through a concentration maximum in the gas phase, so that the exposure during drying exceeded the exposure during spraying. The concentrations measured during spraying were then compared for each of the substances individually with the predictions of the exposure models ECETOC TRA, Stoffenmanager, and ART using TREXMO. For these conditions, ECETOC TRA and Stoffenmanager predicted exposures in the measured concentration range, albeit not conservative for all solvents and each application. In contrast, ART largely overestimated the exposure for the more volatile solvents acetone and ethanol and slightly underestimated exposure to 1M2PA for one spraying. ECETOC TRA and ART do not have options to predict exposure during drying. Stoffenmanager has the option to predict drying together with spraying, but not to predict the drying phase independently. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering both the spray cloud and solvent evaporation during the drying process. To improve workplace safety, there is a critical need for enhanced exposure models and comprehensive datasets for calibration and validation covering a broader range of exposure situations.
The future of sleep apnea management: we can either ride the bus or drive it
Authors: Pittman Stephen D. , Chase Barry , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Hwang Dennis , Kirsch Douglas B. , Shah Neomi A. , Sterling Kimberly L. , Thornton Keith , Barnes Teresa R. , Tosi John , Carden Kelly A. , Bogan Richard K. , Reuveny Amir , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Malhotra Atul
Published: January 2024

This consensus conference report summarizes discussions on sleep apnea care and management. Our goal is to simplify the journey to optimize success for individuals at risk of obstructive sleep apnea and to facilitate diagnostics, monitoring and communication among the entire healthcare team including patients, primary care physicians, sleep specialists, sleep dentists and other key providers. The statement identifies five key problems or unmet needs and contemplates four potential future directions.
How Looking at a Picture of a Loved One Can Improve Your Hearing
Authors: Nagar Shir , Ben-David Boaz M. , Mikulincer Mario
Published: January 2024

According to one of the most important theories in psychology, called attachment theory, being close to a person who loves and supports us in times of need evokes a sense of security that allows us to explore the world around us. But can this sense of security also give us “superpowers”, such as an improved sense of hearing? To test this, we conducted an experiment in which we performed two hearing tests: one was a regular test and, in the other, participants looked at a picture of a trusted loved one. The results were very surprising—when the participants looked at a picture of their loved one, their threshold for hearing was significantly better. So, the next time you try to hear a whisper, try to imagine the face of someone you love—you might be able to hear better.
Indoor Air Quality and COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Authors: Braggion Axelle , Dugerdil Adeline , Wilson Olwen , Hovagemyan Francesca , Flahault Antoine
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major public health concern for the past 3 years. Scientific evidence on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and indoor air quality still needs to be demonstrated. This scoping review aims to study the association between air quality indoors and COVID-19.

Methods: A scoping review analyzing the association between indoor air quality and epidemiological outcomes was conducted. Papers published between 1 January 2020 and 31 October 2022 were included. Hospital settings were excluded from the study.

Results: Eight relevant articles met the inclusion criteria. Indoor settings included workplaces, schools, restaurants, and public transport. Types of ventilation used to improve indoor air quality were dilution methods (opening windows) and mechanical systems with or without filtration or purifier. CO2 sensors were employed in one study. All the studies showed a positive association between indoor air quality and its improvement and epidemiological indicators.

Conclusion: The findings of this scoping review indicate that indoor air quality, which can be improved with ventilation methods, may reduce the risk of developing COVID-19. Ventilation could thus be viewed as a possible effective mitigating method.
Internal Model Principle-Based Extended State Observer for the Uncertain Systems with Nonconstant Disturbances
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Zeng Zhiqiang , Shi Shangyao , Chen Pengyun
Published: January 2024

Existing traditional expansion state observers exhibit good tracking performance for constant and low-frequency disturbances. However, their ability to track non-constant disturbances such as ramp and high-frequency harmonics is inadequate. This paper proposes an extended state observer design method based on the internal model principle. This method achieves precise tracking of non-constant disturbances in the system, effectively addressing the issue of disturbance estimation errors in conventional expansion state observers. When applied to control systems, this approach significantly mitigates or suppresses system vibrations caused by non-constant disturbances, thereby enhancing control accuracy. Furthermore, it demonstrates the stability of the controlled system and the active disturbance rejection controller parameters over a wide range of variations. Simulation results indicate that the ADRC controller based on the proposed observer in this paper offers notable advantages, including high tracking accuracy, strong disturbance rejection capability, and good stability, leading to commendable control performance.
A Review of the Occurrence of Metals and Xenobiotics in European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)
Authors: Rasmussen Sophie Lund , Pertoldi Cino , Roslev Peter , Vorkamp Katrin , Nielsen Jeppe Lund
Published: January 2024

Monitoring data from several European countries indicate that European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) populations are declining, and research exploring the causes of the decline, including exposure to potentially harmful xenobiotics and metals, may inform conservation initiatives to protect this species in the wild. Hedgehogs are ground-dwelling mammals, feeding on a range of insects, slugs, snails, and earthworms, as well as eggs, live vertebrates, and carrion, including carcasses of apex predator species representing higher levels of the food chain. Consequently, hedgehogs come into close contact with contaminants present in their habitats and prey. This review investigated the studies available on the subject of the occurrence of metals and organic xenobiotics in hedgehogs. This study found that a vast range of different pesticides; persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine compounds and brominated flame retardants (BFRs); as well as toxic heavy metals could be detected. Some compounds occurred in lethal concentrations, and some were associated with a potential adverse effect on hedgehog health and survival. Due to their ecology, combined with the opportunity to apply non-invasive sampling techniques using spines as sampling material, we suggest that the European hedgehog is a relevant bioindicator species for monitoring the exposure of terrestrial wildlife to potential toxicants in urban and rural environments.
Development of Automated Processes for Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Compressor Performance Characteristics
Authors: Liu Junbing , Fan Xiaoqiang , Tang Xiao
Published: January 2024

Compressor characteristic evaluation is a critical step in design and optimization. Corrected characteristic curves are typically derived via experimental testing or CFD computation which is typically executed through manual manipulation. For compressors necessitating extensive characteristic computation across multiple speeds and operational conditions, the involved process is inherently complex. This paper introduces an automation approach, employing dichotomy and optimization algorithms aligned with a 3D numerical solver, to streamline the derivation of compressor characteristic curves. Initially, the paper delineated the procedural frameworks for two methodologies and validated them using a single-stage transonic compressor. Both methods achieved the automated resolution of the characteristic lines. The result indicates that the volume of the iterative computations hinges on the granularity of the space searching step and the precision in identifying the stall boundary point. Pertaining to the subject investigated herein, the dichotomy method entailed fewer iterations relative to the optimization algorithm. Subsequent adjustments to the optimization algorithmic process revealed that direct optimization mitigated computational demands substantially by reducing a cycle, thereby attesting to its superior efficacy. In summary, when simulating compressor characteristic curves, the dichotomy method proves more efficient when the interval value of the stall boundary range can be approximated. Conversely, direct optimization is preferable when the estimation of the compressor’s stall boundary is imprecise. The proposed methodologies contribute to compressor research and expedite the progression of compressor development and performance advancement.
First Description of the Occurrence of Slow Bee Paralysis Virus-1 and Deformed Wing Virus B in Apis mellifera ligustica Honeybee in Italy
Authors: Leti Maggio Eleonora , Tofani Silvia , Granato Anna , Formato Giovanni , Pietrella Gabriele , Conti Raffaella , Milito Marcella , Pietropaoli Marco , Cersini Antonella , Scicluna Maria Teresa
Published: January 2024

Among the causes of bee colony death, viruses are among the number of pathogens that can contribute to the ill health of a colony. This study focuses on two of the several honeybee viruses, Slow Bee Paralysis Virus-1 (SBPV-1) and Deformed Wing Virus B (DWV-B), both belonging to the Iflavirus genus. To date, there is limited information available on the presence of these viruses in Italy. For this research project (IZS LT 04/19 RC), funded by the Ministry of Health, the presence and positivity of several honeybee viruses were evaluated in Italy using molecular methods. Convenience sampling was used, and these samples were analyzed for the two viruses and/or other main honeybee viruses, using specific PCR protocols and Sanger sequencing when necessary. A statistical analysis was conducted to study the independence between the viruses. Our data demonstrate for the first time the presence of SBPV-1 in Italian territory with a rather low number in most of the regions investigated, except for Emilia-Romagna and Lazio where it was detected more frequently, while DWV-B was detected at a higher level in all the regions investigated.
New Sorbents Based on Polyacrylonitrile Fiber and Transition Metal Ferrocyanides for 137Cs Recovery from Various Composition Solutions
Authors: Shibetskaia Iuliia G. , Razina Victoria A. , Bezhin Nikolay A. , Tokar’ Eduard A. , Milyutin Vitaly V. , Nekrasova Natalya A. , Yankovskaya Victoria S. , Tananaev Ivan G.
Published: January 2024

For the first time, new sorbents based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber and transition metal ferrocyanides were obtained. The main difference between the obtained sorbents and the existing ones is the stage of preliminary preparation of the initial support by converting it into the forms PAN-Fe(OH)3 or PAN-MnO2, due to which additional ion exchange groups (carboxyl, carbonyl, etc.) are formed, which increases the amount of ferrocyanide fixed to the support. The best components and conditions for the synthesis of new sorbents were determined (concentration (0.1–0.2 mol/L), as well as pH (1 for sorbents based on PAN-Fe(OH)3, and 1–5—PAN-MnO2) of potassium ferrocyanide solution, concentration of transition metal salts (0.02 mol/L), temperature conditions). The influence of the studied solution composition (pH, concentration of Na+, K+, NH4+ ions) on the cesium distribution coefficients during its recovery by the obtained sorbents was assessed. The possibility of cesium recovery from solutions with pH 1–9 containing macro quantities of cations was demonstrated. The sorbents derived were characterized by modern structural methods such as infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy with EDS analysis. A study of the trace amount sorption of 137Cs was carried out in comparison with commercially available highly efficient sorbents (FNS-10 and Termoksid-35), and it was shown that the resulting sorbents are not inferior to industrial ferrocyanide sorbents and can be used for 137Cs selective sorption from technological solutions and natural waters.
Amphisbaena: A Novel Persistent Buffer Management Strategy to Improve SMR Disk Performance
Authors: Zhang Chi , Yu Fangxing , Nie Shiqiang , Tang Wei , Liu Fei , Liu Song , Wu Weiguo
Published: January 2024

The explosive growth of massive data makes shingled magnetic recording (SMR) disks a promising candidate for balancing capacity and cost. SMR disks are typically configured with a persistent buffer to reduce the read–modify–write (RMW) overhead introduced by non-sequential writes. Traditional SMR zones-based persistent buffers are subject to sequential-write constraints, and frequent cleanups cause disk performance degradation. Conventional magnetic recording (CMR) zones with in-place update capabilities enable less frequent cleanups and are gradually being used to construct persistent buffers in certain SMR disks. However, existing CMR zones-based persistent buffer designs fail to accurately capture hot blocks with long update periods and are limited by an inflexible data layout, resulting in inefficient cleanups. To address the above issues, we propose a strategy called Amphisbaena. First, a two-phase data block classification method is proposed to capture frequently updated blocks. Then, a locality-aware buffer space management scheme is developed to dynamically manage blocks with different update frequencies. Finally, a latency-sensitive garbage collection policy based on the above is designed to mitigate the impact of cleanup on user requests. Experimental results show that Amphisbaena reduces latency by an average of 29.9% and the number of RMWs by an average of 37% compared to current state-of-the-art strategies.