bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Twitter network and discourse analysis of the Rana Plaza collapse
Authors: Bergermann Kai , Wolter Margitta
Published: November 2023

Ten years after the collapse of the Rana Plaza textile factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh that killed over 1000 factory workers, the event has become a symbol for the desolate working conditions in fast fashion producer countries in the global south. We analyze the global Twitter discourse on this event over a three week window around the collapse date over the years 2013–2022 by a mixture of network-theoretic quantitative and discourse-theoretic qualitative methods. In particular, key communicators and the community structure of the discourse participants are identified using a multilayer network modeling approach and the interpretative patterns of the key communicator’s tweets of all years are analyzed using the sociology of knowledge approach to discourse. This combination of quantitative and qualitative methods reveals that the discourse is separated into three phases: reporting, reprocessing, and commemoration. These phases can be identified by the temporal evolution, network-structural properties, and the contentual analysis of the discourse. After the negotiation of the interpretative framework in the reprocessing phase, subsequent years are characterized by its commemorative repetition as well as resulting demands by different international actor groups despite highly fluctuating participants.
Zusammenhänge von Burnout, Geschlechtsidentität und Geschlecht
Authors: Wacker Eva
Published: November 2023

In vorhergehenden Studien wurden Zusammenhänge der Passung in Feminität und Maskulinität zwischen Person und Arbeitsumwelt mit Burnout aufgedeckt. Es wird geprüft, ob diese eine Erklärung für gewöhnlich höhere Burnout-Werte bei Frauen liefern können.

In einer Querschnittsstudie mit 889 Personen (nicht-repräsentative selbstselektive Stichprobe) – 516 Frauen (58 %), 373 Männer (42 %) im Alter 19–70 Jahren (M = 29,86; S = 7,67), wurde Geschlechtstypizitätsskala (GTS+) zur Messung von Feminität und Maskulinität als Merkmale der Persönlichkeit und Arbeitsumgebung eingesetzt. Darauf aufbauend wurden die Teilnehmenden in vier Gruppen eingeteilt, in denen Geschlechtsgruppen-Anteile sowie Burnout-Werte (erhoben mit DearEmployee-Survey) verglichen wurden.

Der Anteil der Frauen sowie Burnout-Werte waren in der Gruppe mit der schlechtesten Person-Umwelt-Passung erwartungsgemäß am höchsten. In der Gruppe mit theoriegeleitet den besten Ressourcen (hohe Feminität und Maskulinität) lagen keine Geschlechtseffekte auf Burnout vor. Es konnten hier jedoch nicht die niedrigsten Burnout-Werte nachgewiesen werden.

P‑E Fit in Feminität und Maskulinität kann eine Erklärung für höhere Burnout-Werte bei Frauen liefern und ist möglicherweise besser geeignet, um Burnout zu untersuchen als Geschlecht.

Praktische Relevanz: Seit 2012 sind die Arbeitsunfähigkeitstage in Deutschland aufgrund von Burnout um mehr als 50 % gestiegen. Frauen berichten stets höhere Burnout-Werte und sind aufgrund von Burnout doppelt so lang krankgeschrieben wie Männer (Meyer et al. 2022).
The joint effort of enzyme technology and flow chemistry to bring biocatalytic processes to the next level of sustainability, efficiency and productivity
Authors: Donzella Silvia , Contente Martina Letizia
Published: November 2023

The number of biocatalyzed reactions at industrial level is growing rapidly together with our understanding on how we can maximize the enzyme efficiency, stability and productivity. While biocatalysis is nowadays recognized as a greener way to operate in chemistry, its combination with continuous processes has lately come up as a powerful tool to enhance process selectivity, productivity and sustainability. This perspective aims at describing the recent advances of this technology and future developments leading to smart, efficient and greener strategies for process optimization and large-scale production.

Graphical Abstract
Short-Term Student Exchanges and Intercultural Learning
Authors: Humphreys Gareth
Published: November 2023

Short-term student exchanges can offer valuable opportunities for intercultural learning and to engage in intercultural communication using English (the language focus in this Element). However, research and educational practices often assume that the most effective intercultural learning occurs through interactions with local individuals in 'target' culture learning and adherence to standard English language norms. These assumptions overlook important learning opportunities from interactions in culturally and linguistically diverse settings as features of many international exchange experiences. This Element proposes a perspective in student exchange research and practice that reflects this diversity and encompasses the intercultural learning model of intercultural awareness, intercultural citizenship education, and Global Englishes.
EU Digital Competition Law: The Socio-legal Foundations
Authors: Andriychuk Oles
Published: November 2023

Competition policy in the EU and UK is in the process of a significant reconfiguration. Its key postulates, methodologies, and normative goals are being subject to intense discussion and revision. The emergence of sui generis ‘new competition tools’ in the area of digital markets—EU Digital Markets Act and UK Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers (bill)—epitomises this trend. The purpose of this Article is to attempt to provide legal theoretical foundations for the new subfield of competition law and policy by systematising and conceptualising these trends into the framework of socio-legal scholarship.
Strategies used for the COVID-OUT decentralized trial of outpatient treatment of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Avula Nandini , Kakach Dustin , Tignanelli Christopher J. , Liebovitz David M. , Nicklas Jacinda M. , Cohen Kenneth , Puskarich Michael A. , Belani Hrishikesh K. , Buse John B. , Klatt Nichole R. , Anderson Blake , Karger Amy B. , Hartman Katrina M. , Patel Barkha , Fenno Sarah L. , Reddy Neha V. , Erickson Spencer M. , Boulware David R. , Murray Thomas A. , Bramante Carolyn T. ,   COVID-OUT Trial Team
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the development of decentralized clinical trials (DCT). DCT’s are an important and pragmatic method for assessing health outcomes yet comprise only a minority of clinical trials, and few published methodologies exist. In this report, we detail the operational components of COVID-OUT, a decentralized, multicenter, quadruple-blinded, randomized trial that rapidly delivered study drugs nation-wide. The trial examined three medications (metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine) as outpatient treatment of SARS-CoV-2 for their effectiveness in preventing severe or long COVID-19. Decentralized strategies included HIPAA-compliant electronic screening and consenting, prepacking investigational product to accelerate delivery after randomization, and remotely confirming participant-reported outcomes. Of the 1417 individuals with the intention-to-treat sample, the remote nature of the study caused an additional 94 participants to not take any doses of study drug. Therefore, 1323 participants were in the modified intention-to-treat sample, which was the a priori primary study sample. Only 1.4% of participants were lost to follow-up. Decentralized strategies facilitated the successful completion of the COVID-OUT trial without any in-person contact by expediting intervention delivery, expanding trial access geographically, limiting contagion exposure, and making it easy for participants to complete follow-up visits. Remotely completed consent and follow-up facilitated enrollment.
Viewing second-order phase transitions as a metaphor for river bifurcations
Authors: Ragno Niccolò
Published: November 2023

The Earth's landscape hosts a variety of patterns resulting from the interaction between a sediment-carrying fluid and an erodible boundary. Here, the morphodynamics of river bifurcations is interpreted as a second-order phase transition. A consolidated one-dimensional bifurcation model is re-examined in the light of classical Landau theory of critical phenomena. The transition from a balanced to an unbalanced flux partition is described in terms of an order parameter. The equilibrium states of the system are shown to be minima of a morphodynamic potential function. Finally, the role of a generic external forcing is investigated. A threshold value of the forcing is shown to set bounds separating two different morphodynamic responses to allogenic and autogenic dynamics.
Decolonizing the Mind as an Exercise of Ea
Authors: Moniz Melemaikalani
Published: November 2023

Native Hawaiians believe that every person is born with a bowl of perfect light. It is in our bowl of perfect light that our mana or supernatural divine power grows in strength to gift us the capacity to defy what we've been indoctrinated to believe. While we alone place stones into our bowl of light, the effect of colonization is that we become weighed down by illusions and fallacies created by colonizers to compel us to betray our light. When we choose to grow our light, however, only a simple overturning of the bowl releases the stones. After the stones are released, our bowl of light can once more become free.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF THE MAJOR SETTLEMENT AT SKARKOS (IOS ISLAND, CYCLADES) AND INFERENCES FOR THE EARLY CYCLADIC CHRONOLOGY
Authors: Maniatis Yannis , Marthari Marisa , Polymeris Georgios S
Published: November 2023

We have radiocarbon-dated the main settlement of Skarkos (Skarkos II) on the Cycladic island of Ios, using a set of animal bone samples. The site of Skarkos stands on a hill in a coastal plain, mid-way down the western side of Ios island and about 1 km from the island’s harbour. It is the first time this important settlement with a wealth of finds and an extraordinary building system with two-storey houses is dated in absolute terms complementing the chronology of the Cycladic EBA II period. The radiocarbon determinations show that the major phase of the settlement came to an end between circa 2550 and circa 2500 BC. The dates also confirm the archaeological evidence that the main occupation period is dated archaeologically to the EC II period (Keros-Syros culture). Furthermore, in order to embed the new Skarkos dates within the overall Cycladic chronology and define better the end of the EC II phase, we treated the Skarkos dates together with published dates from other Cycladic sites using Bayesian analysis considering two different models.
DATING THE END OF THE EGYPTIAN OLD KINGDOM: NEW CONTEXTUALIZED DATES FROM THE REIGN OF KING PEPY II
Authors: Quiles Anita , Sowada Karin , Kanawati Naguib
Published: November 2023

In this study, the temporal accession date of king Pepy II is modeled by using a series of 14C dates based on samples from the burial of Djau at Deir el-Gebrawi in Middle Egypt. Djau was one of Pepy II’s officials—overseer of Upper Egypt and nomarch of the 8th and 12th provinces. Five samples of Djau’s wrapping as well as his wooden coffin were analyzed. ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy) analyses were carried out on textile samples to ensure they were not contaminated by organic chemicals due to the embalming process, prior to being dated using the conventional radiocarbon method at the IFAO Laboratory (Cairo). Based on archaeological evidence, the temporal density associated with Djau’s death is then used as a chronological marker for the death date of king Pepy II. Taking into account the possibility of either biennial, annual or irregular censuses to assess the duration of his reign, the accession date of Pepy II is thus modeled using OxCal software. The results place king Pepy II’s accession date between 2492 to 2256 BCE with 95.4% probability, and between 2422 to 2297 BCE with 68.3%.
Emancipation to Indenture: A Question of Imperial Morality
Authors: Green William A.
Published: November 2023

Between the abolition of slavery, 1834, and World War I, more than a half-million laborers were introduced to the British West Indies under terms of indenture. Indenture implies unfreedom, the exploitation of people forced into exile by misfortune or misadventure. It is an alien concept in modern Western society, and the transoceanic transport of thousands of African and Indian workers during the nineteenth century appears a further testimonial to European racism, to the arrogance of great power, and to the political influence of the West India planters and their merchant associates. In recent years, a growing number of scholars have characterized the whole process of nineteenth-century indenture as a “new system of slavery.”
On struggle as experiment: Foucault in dialogue with Indigenous and decolonial movement intellectuals, for a new approach to theory
Authors: Coleman Lara Montesinos , Rosenow Doerthe
Published: November 2023

If critical thought is to contribute to liberatory struggle, it arguably requires a general, even structural, theorisation of the nature and sources of power and oppression. This appears to be at odds with the critical project of questioning the immanence of truth to power, as famously framed by Michel Foucault. Yet Foucault’s philosophical project in fact hinged upon his own attempts to grapple with this tension. What is more, his ultimate failure to resolve it led to ambiguities that might be considered generative (especially in light of increased rapprochement between Foucauldian, Marxian, and decolonial International Relations [IR]). Reading Indigenous and decolonial movement intellectuals in tandem with Foucault, alongside the philosophy of science of one of his major influences – Gaston Bachelard – we advocate attentiveness to the ‘experimental’ way in which struggles against capitalist extraction and (neo)colonialism hold together dissonant theoretical – and ontological – commitments when putting forward structural accounts of power. This leads us to an ethos of inquiry that starts from lived thought, as well as to a non-linear approach to the relations between method, theory, and associated ontological commitments, from which scholars are traditionally trained away in social science.
Mapping horizon scanning systems for medical devices: similarities, differences, and lessons learned
Authors: Ormstad Sari Susanna , Wild Claudia , Erdös Judit , Moulton Kristen
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This article presents the mapping of horizons scanning systems (HSS) for medical devices, conducted by the Medical Devices Working Group of the International Horizon Scanning Initiative (IHSI MDWG). It provides an overview of the identified HSS, highlights similarities and differences between the systems, and lessons learned.

Methods

Potentially relevant HSS were identified through literature searches, scan of an overview of EuroScan members, and input from the IHSI MDWG members. Structured information was collected from organizations that confirmed having an HSS for medical devices.

Results

Sixteen initiatives could be identified, of which 11 are currently ongoing. The purposes of the HSS range from raising awareness of trends and new developments to managing informed decisions on innovative health services in hospitals. The time-horizon is most often 3 years up to a few months before market entry. Three models of identification of new technologies crystallized: a reactive (stakeholders outside HSS inform), a pro-active (actively searching multifold sources), and a hybrid model. Prioritization is often conducted by separate committees via scoring or debate. The outputs focus either on in-depth information of single technologies or on a class of technologies or on technologies in specific disease areas.

Conclusions

The identified HSS share the common experience that horizon scanning (HS) for medical devices is a resource-intensive exercise that requires a dedicated and skilled team. Insights into the identified HSS and their experiences will be used in the continued work of the IHSI MDWG on its proposal for an IHSI HSS for medical devices.
Excavating the field of heritage law: support, renewal, and iconoclasm
Authors: Lixinski Lucas
Published: November 2023

This article maps the field of cultural heritage law, arguing for the need for its renewal, even if at the cost of some iconoclasm of notions we hold dear in our conceptual thinking about heritage. The article pursues this thesis by excavating a conceptual archaeology (broadly in the Foucauldian sense) of four key assumptions or conceptual pillars of cultural heritage law, which are the assumption of inherent value of cultural heritage; the pillar of authenticity; the assumption that human rights can work as a panacea for the renewal of the field; and the pillar of expertise. The archaeology of these ideas shows how much of what we take for granted in cultural heritage law is no longer fit for purpose, and the article shows those stakes by contrasting the work of these pillars and assumptions against some of the key challenges to the field: interdisciplinarity; the Anthropocene; enforcement; and the growing use of heritage as an ideological target in armed conflicts.
Impact of calorie intake and weight gain after Norwood procedure on the outcome of stage II palliation
Authors: Staehler Helena , Schaeffer Thibault , Ruf Bettina , Heinisch Paul Philipp , Di Padua Chiara , Burri Melchior , Piber Nicole , Hager Alfred , Ewert Peter , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi
Published: November 2023

Background:

This study aimed to assess the impact of caloric intake and weight-for-age-Z-score after the Norwood procedure on the outcome of bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt.

Methods:

A total of 153 neonates who underwent the Norwood procedure between 2012 and 2020 were surveyed. Postoperative daily caloric intake and weight-for-age-Z-score up to five months were calculated, and their impact on outcome after bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt was analysed.

Results:

Median age and weight at the Norwood procedure were 9 days and 3.2 kg, respectively. Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was used in 95 patients and right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit in 58. Postoperatively, total caloric intake gradually increased, whereas weight-for-age-Z-score constantly decreased. Early and inter-stage mortality before stage II correlated with low caloric intake. Older age (p = 0.023) at Norwood, lower weight (p < 0.001) at Norwood, and longer intubation (p = 0.004) were correlated with low weight-for-age-Z-score (< –3.0) at 2 months of age. Patients with weight-for-age-Z-score < –3.0 at 2 months of age had lower survival after stage II compared to those with weight-for-age-Z-score of –3.0 or more (85.3 versus 92.9% at 3 years after stage II, p = 0.017). There was no difference between inter-stage weight gain and survival after bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt between the shunt types.

Conclusion:

Weight-for-age-Z-score decreased continuously throughout the first 5 months after the Norwood procedure. Age and weight at Norwood and intubation time were associated with weight gain. Inter-stage low weight gain (Z-score < –3) was a risk for survival after stage II.
Physical and physiological pathways of off-target triclopyr movement and associated non-target injury following basal bark application
Authors: Oberweger Conrad A. , Enloe Stephen F. , Wilson P. Chris , Prince Candice M. , Sperry Benjamin P. , Hinz Francisca O.
Published: November 2023

Basal bark treatment with triclopyr butoxyethyl ester is used to control woody invasive plants, including Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi). However, the ester formulation cannot be applied where standing water is present, which includes wetlands where S. terebinthifolia is found. In 2009, a low-volatile acid formulation of triclopyr was labeled for use in aquatic sites, which allows for basal bark applications when standing water is present. This formulation may have utility for controlling woody plants in standing water. However, anecdotal observations of injury to non-target plants following applications during periods of inundation have been reported. To address this, mesocosm studies were conducted to assess non-target injury through triclopyr root exudation or release from the surface of treated stems via flooding. Mesocosms contained S. terebinthifolia as the treated target, while sugarberry (Celtis laevigata Willd.), buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) were included as non-targets. In the first study, the pathway of root exudation for non-target injury following triclopyr (34 g L−1) basal bark application was isolated with activated charcoal placed at the soil surface. In the second study, mesocosms were flooded to assess triclopyr release from the surface of treated stems and subsequent non-target injury. Defoliation of non-target species posttreatment was ≤8%, and triclopyr was detected at ≤5 µg L−1 in mesocosm wells when activated charcoal was present. Posttreatment non-target defoliation up to 92%, coupled with triclopyr concentrations in surface waters and wells as high as 4,637 µg L−1, indicated triclopyr movement as a result of flooding. Additionally, triclopyr non-target injury from soil activity independent of flooding was observed. These findings provide limited evidence of triclopyr root exudation but considerable evidence of triclopyr release during flooding following basal bark treatment and support a cautionary approach to basal bark application when standing water is present.
Warum prokrastinieren Promovierende?
Authors: Gross Samuel Henryk , Hansen Miriam
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die meisten Fragebögen in der Prokrastinationsforschung erfassen das Ausmaß an Prokrastination, jedoch nicht die Gründe, warum man prokrastiniert. Patrzek et al. (2014 ) entwickelten diesbezüglich den Fragebogen zu den Gründen akademischer Prokrastination (FGAP), welcher jedoch bisher nur für Studierende validiert ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Ergänzung des Fragebogens um promovierendenspezifische Gründe auf Basis einer Fokusgruppe sowie die Validierung des Fragebogens für eine Promovierendenstichprobe. Anhand der Daten von 401 Promovierenden wurden unterschiedliche Faktorenstrukturen mit Hilfe von exploratorischen Strukturgleichungsmodellen (ESEM) gegeneinander getestet. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass das ursprünglich gefundene 13-Faktoren-Modell des FGAP auch in der Promovierendenstichprobe zu einem guten Modell-Fit führt. Für den Fragebogen mit den promovierendenspezfisischen Ergänzungen, dem FGAP für Promovierende (FGAP-P), zeigte ein 15-Faktoren-Modell mit den zwei neuen Skalen Feedback und Deadlines sowie Andere Aufgaben einen guten Modell-Fit. Darüber hinaus zeigt ein hierarchisches Modell, welches fünf theoretisch hergeleitete Faktoren höherer Ordnung (studienbezogene Kompetenzen, persönlichkeitsbezogene Variablen, Überzeugungen, Aufgabenmerkmale, universitäre Rahmenbedingungen) beinhaltet, einen akzeptablen Modell-Fit. Der FGAP-P zeigt für die Promovierendenstichprobe gute Reliabilitäten sowie zufriedenstellende Validitäten. Somit kann der FGAP-P zur Erhebung von Gründen akademischer Prokrastination in Forschung und Beratungspraxis bei Promovierenden verwendet werden.
Geometric Calibration of the ESA Mars Express Orbiter High Resolution Stereo Camera
Authors: Li D. , Jiang Y. , Li J. , Zhang G. , Wei S. , Liu W.
Published: November 2023

The high‐resolution stereo camera mounted on the Mars Express (MEX) spacecraft of the European Space Agency is specifically designed for planetary photogrammetry and mapping missions. High‐precision geometric calibration is required to maintain the geometric quality of satellite imaging. This study aimed to develop a Martian geometric calibration model based on the detector look angle and offset matrix to compensate for systematic errors caused by the camera system parameters, Doppler shift measurements, and other parameters of the interior and exterior orientation during positioning. Moreover, the difficulty in identifying high‐precision geometric ground control points from extra‐terrestrial imagery was addressed by proposing an iterative Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter extraction algorithm based on the similarity measure of terrain relief. Using this algorithm, constraint conditions were established, and a calibration model was introduced to achieve in‐orbit geometric calibration of the MEX satellite. The proposed method is effective in reducing the distortion of the camera in calibration images from 12 pixels to <1 pixel, both before and after calibration. Moreover, the plane accuracy of validation images improved from approximately 900 to 200 m, while elevation accuracy improved from 500 to 100 m, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mantle Deformation Processes During the Rift‐To‐Drift Transition at Magma‐Poor Margins
Authors: Montiel Nicholas J. , Masini Emmanuel , Lavier Luc , Müntener Othmar , Calassou Sylvain
Published: November 2023

The rift‐to‐drift transition at rifted margins is an area of active investigation due to an incomplete understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of physical and chemical processes at the ocean‐continent transition (OCT). Deep structures that characterize modern OCTs are often difficult to identify by seismic observations, while terrestrial exposures are preserved in fragments separated by tectonic discontinuities. Numerical modeling is a powerful method for contextualizing physical processes and observations relevant to rifted margin evolution. We synthesize results from geological observations of fossil OCTs preserved in ophiolites, a recent seismic experiment on the Ivorian margin, and numerical modeling to characterize mantle deformation and melt production for magma‐poor margins. Across varied surface heat fluxes, mantle potential temperatures, and extension rates, our model results show homologies with geological observations. We propose that the development of large shear zones in the mantle, melt infiltration, grain size reduction, and anastomosing detachment faults control the structure of OCTs. We also infer that a hot, upwelling, melt‐rich asthenosphere is an important control on the local stress environment. During the exhumation phase, continentward‐dipping shear zones couple with seaward‐dipping detachment faults to exhume the subcontinental and formerly asthenospheric mantle. The mantle forms core‐complex‐like domes of peridotite at or near the surface. The faults that exhume these peridotite bodies are largely anastomosing and exhibit magmatic accretion in their footwalls. A combination of magmatic accretion and volcanic activity derived from the shallow melt region constructs the oceanic lithosphere in the footwalls of the out‐of‐sequence continentward‐dipping detachment faults in the oceanic crust and subcontinental mantle.
Evidence for the Presence of Thin and Heterogenous Dust Deposits on Ryugu's Boulders From Hayabusa2 MARA and Sample Data
Authors: Hamm M. , Hamilton V. E. , Goodrich C. A.
Published: November 2023

Middle infrared spectral results obtained in‐situ by the Hayabusa2 MARA instrument are generally in‐line with previous results and a new comparison with sample C0137 returned from asteroid (162173) Ryugu, being similar to an aqueously altered CI1 chondrite. The mid‐IR spectrum of the boulder on Ryugu measured by MARA is shallower around 9 μm compared to the laboratory spectrum of C0137. Here we show that discontinuous, fine dust deposits can partially explain the differences in the spectral data and remain in agreement with the temperature observations of the boulder by MARA if an opaque dust layer covers less than 3% of the field of view. Such a presence of dust covering a low porosity boulder was discounted by previous analysis of the mid‐infrared MARA data which did not consider a highly porous boulder as we do here.
Asymmetry of the Antarctic Oscillation in Austral Autumn
Authors: Tang Yuheng , Duan Anmin
Published: November 2023

The annular structure of Antarctic oscillation (AAO) is a research hotpot, but its asymmetry receives less attention. In this paper, the self‐organizing map method is employed to cluster the AAO patterns into symmetric and asymmetric modes in austral autumn. The asymmetry is mainly reflected in the Pacific‐Atlantic sector, and the AAO evolves toward asymmetric positive polarity, with the most pronounced asymmetry in May. Originating from near Australia, the asymmetry indicates a zonal wave train in the Pacific‐Atlantic sector. Both modeled and observed results demonstrate that the sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial western Pacific stimulates a local meridional circulation anomaly and induces anomalous Rossby wave sources near Australia subsequently. An anomalous wave train propagating toward the Antarctic Peninsula is formed, and the associated geopotential anomaly enhances the asymmetry of AAO. Asymmetric AAO is conducive to the Antarctic dipole, which modulates the air temperature and sea ice anomalies around Antarctica.
Enhanced Upper Ocean Warming Projected by the Eddy‐Resolving Community Earth System Model
Authors: Xu Gaopeng , Chang Ping , Small Justin , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Yeager Stephen , Ramachandran Sanjiv , Zhang Qiuying
Published: November 2023

Ocean warming is a key factor impacting future changes in climate. Here we investigate vertical structure changes in globally averaged ocean heat content (OHC) in high‐ (HR) and low‐resolution (LR) future climate simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Compared with observation‐based estimates, the simulated OHC anomalies in the upper 700 and 2,000 m during 1960–2020 are more realistic in CESM‐HR than ‐LR. Under RCP8.5 scenario, the net surface heat into the ocean is very similar in CESM‐HR and ‐LR. However, CESM‐HR has a larger increase in OHC in the upper 250 m compared to CESM‐LR, but a smaller increase below 250 m. This difference can be traced to differences in eddy‐induced vertical heat transport between CESM‐HR and ‐LR in the historical period. Moreover, our results suggest that with the same heat input, upper‐ocean warming is likely to be underestimated by most non‐eddy‐resolving climate models.
Imaging the Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the North Anatolian Fault: A Transmission Matrix Framework for Local Adaptive Focusing
Authors: Touma Rita , Le Ber Arthur , Campillo Michel , Aubry Alexandre
Published: November 2023

Imaging the structure of major fault zones is essential for our understanding of crustal deformations and their implications on seismic hazards. Investigating such complex regions presents several issues, including the variation of seismic velocity due to the diversity of geological units and the cumulative damage caused by earthquakes. Conventional migration techniques are in general strongly sensitive to the available velocity model. Here we apply a passive matrix imaging approach which is robust to the mismatch between this model and the real seismic velocity distribution. This method relies on the cross‐correlation of ambient noise recorded by a geophone array. The resulting set of impulse responses form a reflection matrix that contains all the information about the subsurface. In particular, the reflected body waves can be leveraged to: (a) determine the transmission matrix between the Earth's surface and any point in the subsurface; (b) build a confocal image of the subsurface reflectivity with a transverse resolution only limited by diffraction. As a study case, we consider seismic noise (0.1–0.5 Hz) recorded by the Dense Array for Northern Anatolia that consists of 73 stations deployed for 18 months in the region of the 1999 Izmit earthquake. Passive matrix imaging reveals the scattering structure of the crust and upper mantle around the North Anatolian Fault zone over a depth range of 60 km. The results show that most of the scattering is associated with the Northern branch that passes throughout the crust and penetrates into the upper mantle.
Weakness of the Indian Lower Crust Beneath the Himalaya Inferred From Postseismic Deformation of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha Earthquake
Authors: Zhang Jian , Hu Yan , Zhao Bin , Chen Yunguo
Published: November 2023

The 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake induced prolonged postseismic deformation extending northward beyond the Yarlung Zangbo Suture, which provides unique opportunities to better understand the lithospheric rheology in Himalaya and southern Tibet. Here, we used the first 5‐year Global Positioning System observations to study the main postseismic processes following this event, including viscoelastic relaxation and afterslip, based on a three‐dimensional finite element model. We considered a realistic geometry of the underthrusting Indian plate according to various geophysical images. We found that the models with a uniform elastic Indian lower crust fail to fit the vertical displacements. A heterogeneous Indian lower crust with the transition from elastic (high‐viscosity) to low‐viscosity approximately under the Main Central Thrust is required to reproduce the observed postseismic uplift between China‐Nepal border and Peiku Lake, indicating the weakness of the Indian lower crust from the Lesser to High Himalaya. The afterslip simulated using a weak shear zone takes place in the adjacent area downdip of the rupture zone. The preferred model suggested that viscosities of the Tibetan lower crust, weakened Indian lower crust, and shear zone are 3 × 1018, 1019, and 4 × 1018 Pa s, respectively. The viscosity of the underthrusting Indian upper mantle was roughly estimated to be greater than 1021 Pa s. The model results imply that the near‐field deformation is dominated by both afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation of the weakened Indian lower crust, not only afterslip as suggested by previous studies.
A Three Dimensional Lagrangian Analysis of the Smoke Plume From the 2019/2020 Australian Wildfire Event
Authors: Curbelo Jezabel , Rypina Irina I.
Published: November 2023

During the 2019/2020 Australian bushfire season, intense wildfires generated a rising plume with a record concentration of smoke in the lower stratosphere. Motivated by this event, we use the atmospheric wind reanalysis model ERA5 to characterize the three dimensional atmospheric transport in the general region of the plume following a dynamical system approach in the Lagrangian framework. Aided by the Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent tool (FTLE), we identify Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) which simplify the three‐dimensional transport description. Different reduced FTLE formulations are compared to study the impact of the vertical velocity and the vertical shear on the movement of the plume. We then consider in detail some of the uncovered LCS that are directly relevant for the evolution of the plume, as well as other LCS that are less relevant for the plume but have interesting geometries, and we show the presence of 3D lobe dynamics at play. Also, we unveil the qualitatively different dynamical fates of the smoke parcels trajectories depending on the region in which they originated. One feature that had a pronounced influence on the evolution of the smoke plume is a synoptic‐scale anticyclone that was formed near the same time as, and close to the region of, intense wildfires. We analyze this anticyclone in detail, including its formation, the entrainment of the smoke plume, and how it maintained coherence for a long time. Transport paths obtained with the inclusion of the buoyancy effects are compared with those obtained considering only the reanalysis velocity.
Three-dimensional label-free morphology of CD8 + T cells as a sepsis biomarker
Authors: Sung MinDong , Kim Jong Hyun , Min Hyun-Seok , Jang Sooyoung , Hong JaeSeong , Choi Bo Kyu , Shin JuHye , Chung Kyung Soo , Park Yu Rang
Published: November 2023

Sepsis is a dysregulated immune response to infection that leads to organ dysfunction and is associated with a high incidence and mortality rate. The lack of reliable biomarkers for diagnosing and prognosis of sepsis is a major challenge in its management. We aimed to investigate the potential of three-dimensional label-free CD8 + T cell morphology as a biomarker for sepsis. This study included three-time points in the sepsis recovery cohort (N = 8) and healthy controls (N = 20). Morphological features and spatial distribution within cells were compared among the patients’ statuses. We developed a deep learning model to predict the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis using the internal cell morphology. Correlation between the morphological features and clinical indices were analysed. Cell morphological features and spatial distribution differed significantly between patients with sepsis and healthy controls and between the survival and non-survival groups. The model for predicting the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of nearly 100% with only a few cells, and a strong correlation between the morphological features and clinical indices was observed. Our study highlights the potential of three-dimensional label-free CD8 + T cell morphology as a promising biomarker for sepsis. This approach is rapid, requires a minimum amount of blood samples, and has the potential to provide valuable information for the early diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis.
Microfluidic magnetic detection system combined with a DNA framework-mediated immune-sandwich assay for rapid and sensitive detection of tumor-derived exosomes
Authors: Qian Qiuling , Wei Yutong , Xu Yi , Zheng Mengmeng , Wang Chenguang , Zhang Shulin , Xie Xiaoming , Ye Chaofeng , Mi Xianqiang
Published: November 2023

Tumor-derived circulating exosomes (TDEs) are being pursued as informative and noninvasive biomarkers. However, quantitatively detecting TDEs is still challenging. Herein, we constructed a DNA tetrahedral-structured probe (TSP)-mediated microfluidic magnetic detection system (μFMS) to provide a rapid and sensitive platform for analyzing TDEs. CD63 aptamer-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were constructed to form magnetic nano-report probes (MNRs). The microfluidic chips were fabricated from glass functionalized with DNA TSP-modified aldehyde groups and a PDMS layer designed with serpentine microchannels. An induction coil-based magnetic detector was used to measure the magnetic signal. The linear dynamic range of the μFMS system for TDE assays was 1.98 × 103–1.98 × 107 particles/mL with a limit of detection of 1.98 × 103 particles/mL in PBS. There was no significant difference in TDE detection between the simulated serum and PBS, which indicated the feasibility of the constructed μFMS system for TDE analysis in complex biological systems. In terms of cost, reaction time and operation procedure, this μFMS has the potential to be developed as a clinical point-of-care testing tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone inhibits PCSK9-NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis of Leydig cells in obese mice
Authors: Wang Jinyuan , Zhang Shun , Hu Linlin , Wang Yan , Liu Ke , Le Jianghua , Tan Yongpeng , Li Tianlong , Xue Haoxuan , Wei Yanhong , Zhong Ou , He Junhui , Zi Dan , Lei Xin , Deng Renhe , Luo Yafei , Tang Masong , Su Mingxuan , Cao Yichang , Liu Qingyou , Tang Zhihan , Lei Xiaocan
Published: November 2023

Abnormal lipid metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation are the main traits of obesity. Especially, the molecular mechanism of concomitant deficiency in steroidogenesis-associated enzymes related to testosterone (T) synthesis of obesity dominated a decline in male fertility is still poorly understood. Here, we found that in vivo, supplementation of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) efficaciously ameliorated the abnormal lipid metabolism and testicular spermatogenic function from high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Moreover, the transcriptome analysis of the liver and testicular showed that PQQ supplementation not only inhibited the high expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) but also weakened the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis, which both played a negative role in T synthesis of Leydig Cells (LCs). Eventually, the function and the pyroptosis of LCs cultured with palmitic acid in vitro were simultaneously benefited by suppressing the expression of NLRP3 or PCSK9 respectively, as well the parallel effects of PQQ were affirmed. Collectively, our data revealed that PQQ supplementation is a feasible approach to protect T synthesis from PCSK9-NLRP3 crosstalk-induced LCs’ pyroptosis in obese men.
Targeting nucleic acid phase transitions as a mechanism of action for antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Sneideris Tomas , Erkamp Nadia A. , Ausserwöger Hannes , Saar Kadi L. , Welsh Timothy J. , Qian Daoyuan , Katsuya-Gaviria Kai , Johncock Margaret L. L. Y. , Krainer Georg , Borodavka Alexander , Knowles Tuomas P. J.
Published: November 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which combat bacterial infections by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane or interacting with intracellular targets, are naturally produced by a number of different organisms, and are increasingly also explored as therapeutics. However, the mechanisms by which AMPs act on intracellular targets are not well understood. Using machine learning-based sequence analysis, we identified a significant number of AMPs that have a strong tendency to form liquid-like condensates in the presence of nucleic acids through phase separation. We demonstrate that this phase separation propensity is linked to the effectiveness of the AMPs in inhibiting transcription and translation in vitro, as well as their ability to compact nucleic acids and form clusters with bacterial nucleic acids in bacterial cells. These results suggest that the AMP-driven compaction of nucleic acids and modulation of their phase transitions constitute a previously unrecognised mechanism by which AMPs exert their antibacterial effects. The development of antimicrobials that target nucleic acid phase transitions may become an attractive route to finding effective and long-lasting antibiotics.
Functional dissection of PRC1 subunits RYBP and YAF2 during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Liu Yanjiang , Hu Gongcheng , Yang Shengxiong , Yao Mingze , Liu Zicong , Yan Chenghong , Wen Yulin , Ping Wangfang , Wang Juehan , Song Yawei , Dong Xiaotao , Pan Guangjin , Yao Hongjie
Published: November 2023

Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) comprises two different complexes: CBX-containing canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) and RYBP/YAF2-containing variant PRC1 (vPRC1). RYBP-vPRC1 or YAF2-vPRC1 catalyzes H2AK119ub through a positive-feedback model; however, whether RYBP and YAF2 have different regulatory functions is still unclear. Here, we show that the expression of RYBP and YAF2 decreases and increases, respectively, during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs).Rybpknockout impairs neural differentiation by activating Wnt signaling and derepressing nonneuroectoderm-associated genes. However,Yaf2knockout promotes neural differentiation and leads to redistribution of RYBP binding, increases enrichment of RYBP and H2AK119ub on the RYBP-YAF2 cotargeted genes, and prevents ectopic derepression of nonneuroectoderm-associated genes in neural-differentiated cells. Taken together, this study reveals that RYBP and YAF2 function differentially in regulating mESC neural differentiation.
Frequency stable and low phase noise THz synthesis for precision spectroscopy
Authors: Djevahirdjian Léo , Lechevallier Loïc , Martin-Drumel Marie-Aline , Pirali Olivier , Ducournau Guillaume , Kassi Rédha , Kassi Samir
Published: November 2023

We present a robust approach to generate a continuously tunable, low phase noise, Hz linewidth and mHz/s stability THz emission in the 0.1 THz to 1.4 THz range. This is achieved by photomixing two commercial telecom, distributed feedback lasers locked by optical-feedback onto a single highly stable V-shaped optical cavity. The phase noise is evaluated up to 1.2 THz, demonstrating Hz-level linewidth. To illustrate the spectral performances and agility of the source, low pressure absorption lines of methanol and water vapors have been recorded up to 1.4 THz. In addition, the hyperfine structure of a water line at 556.9 GHz, obtained by saturation spectroscopy, is also reported, resolving spectral features displaying a full-width at half-maximum of 10 kHz. The present results unambiguously establish the performances of this source for ultra-high resolution molecular physics.
Low-temperature hydroformylation of ethylene by phosphorous stabilized Rh sites in a one-pot synthesized Rh-(O)-P-MFI zeolite
Authors: Zhao Minjie , Li Chengeng , Gómez Daviel , Gonell Francisco , Diaconescu Vlad Martin , Simonelli Laura , Haro Miguel Lopez , Calvino Jose Juan , Meira Debora Motta , Concepción Patricia , Corma Avelino
Published: November 2023

Zeolites containing Rh single sites stabilized by phosphorous were prepared through a one-pot synthesis method and are shown to have superior activity and selectivity for ethylene hydroformylation at low temperature (50 °C). Catalytic activity is ascribed to confined Rh2O3clusters in the zeolite which evolve under reaction conditions into single Rh3+sites. These Rh3+sites are effectively stabilized in a Rh-(O)-P structure by using tetraethylphosphonium hydroxide as a template, which generates in situ phosphate species after H2activation. In contrast to Rh2O3, confined Rh0clusters appear less active in propanal production and ultimately transform into Rh(I)(CO)2under similar reaction conditions. As a result, we show that it is possible to reduce the temperature of ethylene hydroformylation with a solid catalyst down to 50 °C, with good activity and high selectivity, by controlling the electronic and morphological properties of Rh species and the reaction conditions.
Interface-type tunable oxygen ion dynamics for physical reservoir computing
Authors: Liu Zhuohui , Zhang Qinghua , Xie Donggang , Zhang Mingzhen , Li Xinyan , Zhong Hai , Li Ge , He Meng , Shang Dashan , Wang Can , Gu Lin , Yang Guozhen , Jin Kuijuan , Ge Chen
Published: November 2023

Reservoir computing can more efficiently be used to solve time-dependent tasks than conventional feedforward network owing to various advantages, such as easy training and low hardware overhead. Physical reservoirs that contain intrinsic nonlinear dynamic processes could serve as next-generation dynamic computing systems. High-efficiency reservoir systems require nonlinear and dynamic responses to distinguish time-series input data. Herein, an interface-type dynamic transistor gated by an Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) film was introduced to perform reservoir computing. The channel conductance of Mott material La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) can effectively be modulated by taking advantage of the unique coupled property of the polarization process and oxygen migration in hafnium-based ferroelectrics. The large positive value of the oxygen vacancy formation energy and negative value of the oxygen affinity energy resulted in the spontaneous migration of accumulated oxygen ions in the HZO films to the channel, leading to the dynamic relaxation process. The modulation of the channel conductance was found to be closely related to the current state, identified as the origin of the nonlinear response. In the time series recognition and prediction tasks, the proposed reservoir system showed an extremely low decision-making error. This work provides a promising pathway for exploiting dynamic ion systems for high-performance neural network devices.