bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GDPR – compliance nightmare or business opportunity?
Authors: Garber Joe
Published: June 2018

The EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance deadline has passed. Yet recent research from the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry found that one in four London businesses was still not aware of the regulation in the run-up to its implementation. 1 Troublingly, of those organisations that did know that the GDPR would affect them, just 16% stated they would be prepared for the regulation – which came into force in May.
Survival Processing Enhances Visual Search Efficiency
Authors: Cho Kit W.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Words rated for their survival relevance are remembered better than when rated using other well-known memory mnemonics. This finding, which is known as the survival advantage effect and has been replicated in many studies, suggests that our memory systems are molded by natural selection pressures. In two experiments, the present study used a visual search task to examine whether there is likewise a survival advantage for our visual systems. Participants rated words for their survival relevance or for their pleasantness before locating that object’s picture in a search array with 8 or 16 objects. Although there was no difference in search times among the two rating scenarios when set size was 8, survival processing reduced visual search times when set size was 16. These findings reflect a search efficiency effect and suggest that similar to our memory systems, our visual systems are also tuned toward self-preservation.
Deep Resistivity Structure of Basalt‐Covered Central Part of Paraná Basin, Brazil, From Joint 3‐D MT and GDS Data Imaging
Authors: Maurya V. P. , Meju M. A. , Fontes S. L. , Padilha A. L. , La Terra E. F. , Miquelutti L. G.
Published: June 2018

The deep structure beneath the basalt‐covered sediments of Paraná basin is not well understood. Magnetotelluric (MT) broadband (1,000 to 0.001 Hz) data recorded at 296 selected stations along three new survey lines were first inverted in three dimensions to reveal the local scale resistivity structure of the central part of the basin where there are three deep exploration wells with resistivity logs for model validation. The 3‐D MT inversion model correctly identified the resistive (>100 Ωm) flood basalts and postvolcanic cover layer, the underlying electrically conductive (~10 Ωm) sediments, and the highly resistive (>1,000 Ωm) crystalline basement at the well locations and provides a reliable average crustal resistivity structure consisting of ~20–24 km thick highly resistive upper crust and ~20 km thick conductive lower crust above a resistive mantle. Subsequent basin‐scale joint inversion of highest quality MT data sets (261 stations) and geomagnetic depth sounding array data imaged two prominent subparallel belts of N‐S and NNE‐SSW trending steep conductors in the deep crust and upper mantle, one located directly beneath the present‐day axis of thickest sedimentary deposits in the basin and another near the coastal location where dolerite dyke swarms intrude the outcropping Precambrian basement. Other roughly orthogonal bands (E‐W to NW‐SE) of linear crustal conductors radiate from these two main belts. The resulting networks of steep conductors at upper to midcrustal level seem to mark the fossil plumbing system of Paraná magmatic province and are interpreted as preexisting shear zones exploited by the voluminous Early Cretaceous magmatism in the region.
Observed metabolic asymmetry within soybean root nodules reflects unexpected complexity in rhizobacteria-legume metabolite exchange
Authors: Veličković Dušan , Agtuca Beverly J , Stopka Sylwia A , Vertes Akos , Koppenaal David W , Paša-Tolić Ljiljana , Stacey Gary , Anderton Christopher R
Published: June 2018

In this study, the three-dimensional spatial distributions of a number of metabolites involved in regulating symbiosis and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) within soybean root nodules were revealed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). While many metabolites exhibited distinct spatial compartmentalization, some metabolites were asymmetrically distributed throughout the nodule (e.g., S-adenosylmethionine). These results establish a more complex metabolic view of plant–bacteria symbiosis (and BNF) within soybean nodules than previously hypothesized. Collectively these findings suggest that spatial perspectives in metabolic regulation should be considered to unravel the overall complexity of interacting organisms, like those relating to associations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with host plants.
Responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to long-term inorganic and organic nutrient addition in a lowland tropical forest
Authors: Sheldrake Merlin , Rosenstock Nicholas P , Mangan Scott , Revillini Daniel , Sayer Emma J , Olsson Pål Axel , Verbruggen Erik , Tanner Edmund V J , Turner Benjamin L , Wright S Joseph
Published: June 2018

Improved understanding of the nutritional ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is important in understanding how tropical forests maintain high productivity on low-fertility soils. Relatively little is known about how AM fungi will respond to changes in nutrient inputs in tropical forests, which hampers our ability to assess how forest productivity will be influenced by anthropogenic change. Here we assessed the influence of long-term inorganic and organic nutrient additions and nutrient depletion on AM fungi, using two adjacent experiments in a lowland tropical forest in Panama. We characterised AM fungal communities in soil and roots using 454-pyrosequencing, and quantified AM fungal abundance using microscopy and a lipid biomarker. Phosphorus and nitrogen addition reduced the abundance of AM fungi to a similar extent, but affected community composition in different ways. Nutrient depletion (removal of leaf litter) had a pronounced effect on AM fungal community composition, affecting nearly as many OTUs as phosphorus addition. The addition of nutrients in organic form (leaf litter) had little effect on any AM fungal parameter. Soil AM fungal communities responded more strongly to changes in nutrient availability than communities in roots. This suggests that the ‘dual niches’ of AM fungi in soil versus roots are structured to different degrees by abiotic environmental filters, and biotic filters imposed by the plant host. Our findings indicate that AM fungal communities are fine-tuned to nutrient regimes, and support future studies aiming to link AM fungal community dynamics with ecosystem function.
Oral microbiome development during childhood: an ecological succession influenced by postnatal factors and associated with tooth decay
Authors: Dzidic Majda , Collado Maria C , Abrahamsson Thomas , Artacho Alejandro , Stensson Malin , Jenmalm Maria C , Mira Alex
Published: June 2018

Information on how the oral microbiome develops during early childhood and how external factors influence this ecological process is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 7 years of age in 90 longitudinally followed children, for whom clinical, dietary and health data were collected. Bacterial composition patterns changed through time, starting with “early colonizers”, including Streptococcus and Veillonella; other bacterial genera such as Neisseria settled after 1 or 2 years of age. Dental caries development was associated with diverging microbial composition through time. Streptococcus cristatus appeared to be associated with increased risk of developing tooth decay and its role as potential biomarker of the disease should be studied with species-specific probes. Infants born by C-section had initially skewed bacterial content compared with vaginally delivered infants, but this was recovered with age. Shorter breastfeeding habits and antibiotic treatment during the first 2 years of age were associated with a distinct bacterial composition at later age. The findings presented describe oral microbiota development as an ecological succession where altered colonization pattern during the first year of life may have long-term consequences for child´s oral and systemic health.
Single-walled carbon-nanohorns improve biocompatibility over nanotubes by triggering less protein-initiated pyroptosis and apoptosis in macrophages
Authors: He Bing , Shi Yujie , Liang Yanqin , Yang Anpu , Fan Zhipu , Yuan Lan , Zou Xiajuan , Chang Xin , Zhang Hua , Wang Xueqing , Dai Wenbin , Wang Yiguang , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2018

Single-walled carbon-nanohorns (SNH) exhibit huge application prospects. Notably, spherical SNH possess different morphology from conventional carbon nanotubes (CNT). However, there is a tremendous lack of studies on the nanotoxicity and mechanism of SNH, and their comparison with nanotubes. Here, the dissimilarity between SNH and CNT is found in many aspects including necrosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, protein expression, hydrolases leakage, lysosome stress, membrane disturbance and the interaction with membrane proteins. The improved biocompatibility of SNH over four types of established CNT is clearly demonstrated in macrophages. Importantly, a key transmembrane protein, glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is discovered to initiate the nanotoxicity. Compared to CNT, the weaker nano-GPNMB interaction in SNH group induces lower degree of cascade actions from nano/membrane interplay to final cell hypotoxicity. In conclusion, the geometry of single-construct unit, but not that of dispersive forms or intracellular levels of nanocarbons make the most difference.
Covalent-supramolecular hybrid polymers as muscle-inspired anisotropic actuators
Authors: Chin Stacey M. , Synatschke Christopher V. , Liu Shuangping , Nap Rikkert J. , Sather Nicholas A. , Wang Qifeng , Álvarez Zaida , Edelbrock Alexandra N. , Fyrner Timmy , Palmer Liam C. , Szleifer Igal , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Stupp Samuel I.
Published: June 2018

Skeletal muscle provides inspiration on how to achieve reversible, macroscopic, anisotropic motion in soft materials. Here we report on the bottom-up design of macroscopic tubes that exhibit anisotropic actuation driven by a thermal stimulus. The tube is built from a hydrogel in which extremely long supramolecular nanofibers are aligned using weak shear forces, followed by radial growth of thermoresponsive polymers from their surfaces. The hierarchically ordered tube exhibits reversible anisotropic actuation with changes in temperature, with much greater contraction perpendicular to the direction of nanofiber alignment. We identify two critical factors for the anisotropic actuation, macroscopic alignment of the supramolecular scaffold and its covalent bonding to polymer chains. Using finite element analysis and molecular calculations, we conclude polymer chain confinement and mechanical reinforcement by rigid supramolecular nanofibers are responsible for the anisotropic actuation. The work reported suggests strategies to create soft active matter with molecularly encoded capacity to perform complex tasks.
Dual recognition of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 by a plant histone reader SHL
Authors: Qian Shuiming , Lv Xinchen , Scheid Ray N. , Lu Li , Yang Zhenlin , Chen Wei , Liu Rui , Boersma Melissa D. , Denu John M. , Zhong Xuehua , Du Jiamu
Published: June 2018

The ability of a cell to dynamically switch its chromatin between different functional states constitutes a key mechanism regulating gene expression. Histone mark “readers” display distinct binding specificity to different histone modifications and play critical roles in regulating chromatin states. Here, we show a plant-specific histone reader SHORT LIFE (SHL) capable of recognizing both H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 via its bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) and plant homeodomain (PHD) domains, respectively. Detailed biochemical and structural studies suggest a binding mechanism that is mutually exclusive for either H3K4me3 or H3K27me3. Furthermore, we show a genome-wide co-localization of SHL with H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, and that BAH-H3K27me3 and PHD-H3K4me3 interactions are important for SHL-mediated floral repression. Together, our study establishes BAH-PHD cassette as a dual histone methyl-lysine binding module that is distinct from others in recognizing both active and repressive histone marks.
Lateralized hippocampal oscillations underlie distinct aspects of human spatial memory and navigation
Authors: Miller Jonathan , Watrous Andrew J. , Tsitsiklis Melina , Lee Sang Ah , Sheth Sameer A. , Schevon Catherine A. , Smith Elliot H. , Sperling Michael R. , Sharan Ashwini , Asadi-Pooya Ali Akbar , Worrell Gregory A. , Meisenhelter Stephen , Inman Cory S. , Davis Kathryn A. , Lega Bradley , Wanda Paul A. , Das Sandhitsu R. , Stein Joel M. , Gorniak Richard , Jacobs Joshua
Published: June 2018

The hippocampus plays a vital role in various aspects of cognition including both memory and spatial navigation. To understand electrophysiologically how the hippocampus supports these processes, we recorded intracranial electroencephalographic activity from 46 neurosurgical patients as they performed a spatial memory task. We measure signals from multiple brain regions, including both left and right hippocampi, and we use spectral analysis to identify oscillatory patterns related to memory encoding and navigation. We show that in the left but not right hippocampus, the amplitude of oscillations in the 1–3-Hz “low theta” band increases when viewing subsequently remembered object–location pairs. In contrast, in the right but not left hippocampus, low-theta activity increases during periods of navigation. The frequencies of these hippocampal signals are slower than task-related signals in the neocortex. These results suggest that the human brain includes multiple lateralized oscillatory networks that support different aspects of cognition.
Metabolomic profiles of bovine cumulus cells and cumulus-oocyte-complex-conditioned medium during maturation in vitro
Authors: Uhde Karen , van Tol Helena T. A. , Stout Tom A. E. , Roelen Bernard A. J.
Published: June 2018

Cumulus cells are essential for nutrition of oocytes during maturation. In the absence of cumulus cells during maturation, oocyte developmental competence is severely compromised. In this study, we matured bovine cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) for 8 h, the cumulus cells were removed and denuded oocytes were further matured for 15 h in either the medium conditioned by the initial 8 h culture, or in fresh unconditioned medium. Denuded oocytes that completed maturation in COC-conditioned medium demonstrated better developmental potential than denuded oocytes that completed maturation in standard maturation medium. An inventory was made of the metabolites secreted by COCs into the maturation medium during the first 8 h, from 8 to 23 h, and during an entire 23 h maturation protocol; the metabolomic changes in the cumulus cells during maturation were also investigated. In maturation medium, 173 biochemical components were detected compared to 369 different metabolites in cumulus cells. Significant changes in metabolomic components were evident in maturation medium and in cumulus cells during maturation, with most of the changes related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. The importance of two detected biochemicals, creatine and carnitine, for oocyte maturation was further investigated. The presence of carnitine, but not creatine during oocyte in vitro maturation improved the developmental competence of denuded oocytes.
Nanoscratching technique for highly oriented liquid crystal materials
Authors: Suh Ahram , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: June 2018

A simple, fast, and cost-effective technique to obtain highly oriented thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystal (LC) phases using a simple nanoscratching method is presented. Highly aligned linear nanogrooves are fabricated by scratching substrates such as normal, indium tin oxide (ITO), curved glasses, and ITO-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film using diamond lapping films. To demonstrate the feasibility of the platform, typical thermotropic and lyotropic LC materials in the nematic phase are used to demonstrate the well-aligned domains along with the resulting scratched nanogrooves. The polarised optical microscopy (POM) images show excellent dark and bright states depending on the sample rotation, proving that the LC molecules are well aligned. The electro-optical performance of the twisted nematic (TN) mode LC display fabricated using the nanogrooves is also measured and indicates reliable results compared with that of the conventional device. Indeed, scratch-induced nanogrooves are well generated on the curved substrate and ITO-coated PET film to show versatility of our technique. Our platform can suggest a new nanofabrication way to make various electro-optical devices as well as other patterning applications.
Development of a gold nanoparticle enhanced enzyme linked immunosorbent assay based on monoclonal antibodies for the detection of fumonisin B1, B2, and B3in maize
Authors: Li Zhi , Sheng Wei , Liu Qi , Li Shijie , Shi Yingjie , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuo
Published: June 2018

In this paper, three hybridoma cell lines that secrete monoclonal antibodies against fumonisin B1(FB1), specifically antibody subtypes IgA (heavy-chain) and kappa (light-chain), were obtained by immunization and cell cloning procedures.
Simple spectrophotometric determination of sulfate free radicals
Authors: Wang Chen , Chen Rui , Zhang Ruyu , Zhang Naidong
Published: June 2018

A rapid and simple method for sulfate radical determination was described and the generation rates of sulfate radicals generated by photolysis of persulfate under different light sources were studied.
The heterocubane [TerSnAs]4
Authors: Hinz Alexander , Goicoechea Jose M.
Published: June 2018

The synthesis of a novel heterocubane [RSnE]4was successful for E = As, while for E = P differing behaviour was observed.
Temperature dependence of the absorbance of 185 nm photons by water and commonly occurring solutes and its influence on the VUV advanced oxidation process
Authors: Serrano Mora Adrian , Mohseni Madjid
Published: June 2018

185 nm absorption properties of water and common solutes within temperatures relevant to water treatment.
Correction: 2-Aroylquinoline-5,8-diones as potent anticancer agents displaying tubulin and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition
Authors: Nepali Kunal , Kumar Sunil , Huang Hsiang-Ling , Kuo Fei-Chiao , Lee Cheng-Hsin , Kuo Ching-Chuan , Yeh Teng-Kuang , Li Yu-Hsuan , Chang Jang-Yang , Liou Jing-Ping , Lee Hsueh-Yun
Published: June 2018

Correction for ‘2-Aroylquinoline-5,8-diones as potent anticancer agents displaying tubulin and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition’ by Kunal Nepali et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2016, 14, 716–723.
Self-assembly and soluble aggregate behavior of computationally designed coiled-coil peptide bundles
Authors: Haider Michael J. , Zhang Huixi Violet , Sinha Nairiti , Fagan Jeffrey A. , Kiick Kristi L. , Saven Jeffery G. , Pochan Darrin J.
Published: June 2018

SANS was used to model the shape, size, and interactions of soluble, coiled-coil, peptide bundles.
The relationship between human adenovirus 36 and obesity in Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhou Yan , Pan Qi , Wang Xiaoxia , Zhang Lina , Xiao Fei , Guo Lixin
Published: June 2018

The study aimed to explore the prevalence of human adenovirus-36 (HAdV-36) infection and the association of HAdV-36 with obesity in Chinese Han population. A qualitative determination using ELISA was performed to determine by duplication of the antibodies to HAdV-36 in the serum samples. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between HAdV-36 seropositivity and obesity. The overall HAdV-36 seroprevalence was 49.8% amongst 824 participants. The prevalence of HAdV-36 seropositive was 42.9 and 51.4% in the obese and non-obese participants, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P=0.05). There were significant differences in the anthropometric and biochemical parameters observed between the two groups except for height (P=0.067) and total cholesterol (TC) (P<0.29). After the adjustment for age and gender, HAdV-36 seropositivity was a protective factor for obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = 0.48–0.97, P=0.03). In the male population, the adjusted OR for AD-36 antibody-positive status was statistically decreased for obese adults (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.39–0.91; P=0.02). However, the similar result was not obtained in the female population (OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.48–1.67; P=0.73). We found a high prevalence of HAdV-36 infection in China and significant association between HAdV-36 infection and obesity or weight gain after the adjustment for age and gender. The HAdV-36 infection may be related to the weight loss in Chinese Han population, especially in the male group, which needs to be further confirmed.
UWB circularly polarised slot antenna with modified ground plane and L‐shaped radiator
Authors: Xu Rui , Li Jianying , Liu Jie , Zhou Shi Gang , Wei Kun
Published: June 2018

An UWB circularly polarised (CP) slot antenna with simple structure is presented in this Letter. By etching a simple C‐shaped slot on the planar ground, adopting an L‐shaped strip as a radiator, and employing an off‐centre‐fed structure, the proposed CP antenna can easily be realised with both wideband impedance bandwidth (IBW) and 3 dB axial‐ratio bandwidth (ARBW). The impedance and ARBWs of this antenna can be further expanded by adding a matching stub and cutting an L‐shaped slit on the lower ground. This antenna can realise a wideband IBW (S11 < −10 dB) of about 3.62 GHz (124.4%, 1.10–4.72 GHz) and 3 dB ARBW of about 3.6 GHz (115.2%, 1.26–4.68 GHz).
Base‐station switch‐off with mutual repulsion in fifth‐generation massive multi‐input–multi‐output networks
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Ge Xiaohu , Song Xueying , Zhong Yi
Published: June 2018

When small cells are densely deployed in the fifth‐generation cellular networks, switching off a part of base stations (BSs) is a practical approach for saving energy consumption considering the variation of traffic load. The small‐cell network with the massive multi‐input–multi‐output system is analysed in this study due to the dense deployment and low‐power consumption. On the basis ofn the BS‐switch‐off strategy with distance constraints, the energy and coverage efficiency are investigated to illustrate the performance of the BS‐switch‐off strategy. Simulation results indicate that the energy efficiency and coverage efficiency of the proposed strategy are better than the random strategy. The energy efficiency increases with the BS intensity and the minimal distance, and a maximum coverage efficiency can be achieved with the increase of the BS intensity and the minimum distance. In this case, the optimal BS‐switch‐off strategy can be designed under this work in the actual scene.
Global asymptotic stability assessment of three‐phase inverters with saturation
Authors: Zhu Shu , Liu Kaipei , Qin Liang , Wang Qing , Li Yuye , Pu Qingxin , Wang Siru , Li Gang , Hu Xianlai
Published: June 2018

Saturation is reported to have a significant influence on the stability of the inverter. In this study, a direct Lyapunov function method to analyse the stability of a three‐phase inverter with saturation is presented. The overall model of the three‐phase inverter is established and the order of the original model is reduced based on the singular perturbation theory. Then the global asymptotic stability assessments of inverters are transformed into linear matrix inequalities problems that are easy to be solved numerically. Through the analysis of this study, it can be proved that the three‐phase inverter based on conventional proportional–integral modulation can achieve global stabilisation. The proportional coefficients of the voltage loop have the greatest influence on the stability of the three‐phase inverter. Besides, the saturation also has an important effect on the stability of the inverter. The proposed method has some advantages compared with the small‐signal analysis. It can quantify the stability degree of the inverter and explain some non‐linear phenomena caused by saturation. Simulation developed in PSCAD demonstrates the effectiveness of this method and the results are compared with the real‐time digital simulation results implemented in RT‐LAB and hardware results.
A Radial velocity survey of spatially resolved young, low-mass binaries
Authors: Durkan Stephen , Janson Markus , Ciceri Simona , Brandner Wolfgang , Schlieder Joshua , Henning Thomas , Bonnefoy Mickaël , Kankare Juliet , Watson Christopher A.
Published: June 2018

The identification and characterisation of low-mass binaries is of importance for a range of astrophysical investigations. Low-mass binaries in young (∼10–100 Myr) moving groups (YMGs) in the solar neighborhood are of particular significance as they provide unique opportunities to calibrate stellar models and evaluate the ages and coevality of the groups themselves. Low-mass M-dwarfs have pre-main sequence life times on the order of ∼100 Myr and therefore are continually evolving along a mass-luminosity track throughout the YMG phase, providing ideal laboratories for precise isochronal dating, if a model-independent dynamical mass can be measured. AstraLux lucky imaging multiplicity surveys have recently identified hundreds of new YMG low-mass binaries, where a subsample of M-dwarf multiples have estimated orbital periods less than 50 yr. We have conducted a radial velocity survey of a sample of 29 such targets to complement the astrometric data. This will allow enhanced orbital determinations and precise dynamical masses to be derived in a shorter timeframe than possible with astrometric monitoring alone, and allow for a more reliable isochronal analysis. Here we present radial velocity measurements derived for our sample over several epochs. We report the detection of the three-component spectroscopic multiple 2MASS J05301858-5358483, for which the C component is a new discovery, and forms a tight pair with the B component. Originally identified as a YMG member, we find that this system is a likely old field interloper, whose high chromospheric activity level is caused by tidal spin-up of the tight BC pair. Two other triple systems with a tight pair exist in the sample, 2MASS J04244260-0647313 (previously known) and 2MASS J20163382-0711456, but for the rest of the targets we find that additional tidally synchronized companions are highly unlikely, providing further evidence that their high chromospheric activity levels are generally signatures of youth.
High frequency impulse ground penetrating radar application in assessment of interlayer connections
Authors: Sudyka Jacek , Krysiński Lech , Zofka Adam , Pszczoła Marek , Jaskuła Piotr
Published: June 2018

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique is commonly used in the nondestructive evaluation of pavement structures. In particular, this method is used to estimate thicknesses of pavement layers as well as it can be utilized in advanced studies of pavement structures. The device presented in this paper comprise the high frequency impulse antennas that allow for investigating the interlayer zones in terms of their electromagnetic properties (e.g. dielectric constant). In some cases these electromagnetic responses can be suitable in the assessment of layer bonding in the pavement structure. This paper discusses the assessment of the quality of asphalt pavement interlayer bonding with the use of high frequency GPR techniques. The preliminary laboratory measurements were performed using an impulse antenna in the zero-offset configuration combined with the large-scale models simulating an idealized horizontal delamination. These measurements allowed to estimate the antenna sensitivity to detect interlayer connection under dry and wet conditions. Analysis of collected results led to formulating practical conclusions regarding critical limitations of the measuring system and adequate methods of signal processing and interpretation.

The field investigations consisted of the GPR measurements along selected road sections and collection of the core samples at the locations associated with the specific reflexes. Inspection of the cores provided some real insights into the structure of different delaminations associated with characteristic reflexes. Analysis showed the reflection properties are able to expresses some important features of the interlayer zone, such as delaminations, presence of alien material at the interface, insufficient compaction occurring at the base of layer, and water penetration.
Assessment of the compressive strength of lime mortar in the joints of brick walls - case study
Authors: Łątka Dawid , Matysek Piotr
Published: June 2018

The paper presents the test results of lime mortar compressive strength in the joints of brick walls. The tests were carried out with the Double Punch Test (DPT) method and with the use of an impact penetrometer (penetrometric test PT) on original samples taken from the structure of a building erected in the 1880s. The obtained results have shown that the predictions of the mortar compressive strength using both methods were very consistent (the difference 6%). The penetrometric method also made it possible to assess the homogeneity of the mortar in the direction of the wall thickness.
The impact of air content on the durability of concrete under combined sulphate and freezethaw attack
Authors: Marczewska Julia , Piasta Wojciech
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal air content in concretes subjected a combination of exposure conditions. Five series of concretes with different air contents were tested. The article reports the experimental results of the combined sulphate expansion and freeze-thaw attack in ordinary Portland cement concrete. Some of the concrete samples were immersed in a 5% sodium sulphate solution for nine months, and then frozen in air and thawed in water. The resistance of concrete to plain freezing and thawing was also tested. In order to compare the degree of concrete damage in both environments, long-term linear deformations (expansion) and compressive strength of concretes were investigated. To explain the complex damaging process the air-void structure in concretes was investigated. The changes in concrete microstructure after storing in sodium sulphate solution were observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The prior sulphate attack significantly accelerated the deterioration of non-air-entrained concrete and air-entrained concrete with low content of air voids. Optimal air entrainment will protect concrete from the harmful effects of the interaction of sulphate attack and freezethaw damage.
Chemical corrosion of external stairs – case study
Authors: Czapik Przemysław , Owsiak Zdzisława
Published: June 2018

On the basis of examinations of the efflorescences formed on the concrete surface, an attempt was made to analyze the sources of concrete corrosion without entering inside the construction. The concrete stairs revealed the symptoms of leaching, as a result of alkali-aggregate reactions developing beneath the surface. As a result of this corrosion process and the carbonation propagating from the concrete surface, the carbonate efflorescences were found. Their phase composition was determined by X-ray diffraction. In order to identify whether the efflorescences were the results of the alkali-silica reaction or alkalicarbonate reaction, the microstructure was investigated using the scanning electron microscope together with energy dispersive spectroscopy.
Analysis of protective features of concrete in precast prestressed floor slabs (HC type) against chloride penetration
Authors: Szweda Zofia
Published: June 2018

This paper describes protective features of concrete used in precast prestressed floor slabs against chloride penetration. HC-500 hollow core slabs are designed for constructing ceilings in skeletal buildings with reinforced concrete. Material and structural protection used in slabs determines the acceptable range of using HC slabs, taking into account durability of floors during their normal exploitation. These slabs can be used in buildings where environmental conditions affect them according to the following exposure classes: X0, XC1, XC2, XC3 (according to standards: EN 206-1: 2003 [1], EN 1992-1-1:2004 [2]). Values of diffusion coefficient for concrete collected directly from precast prestressed HC-500 slabs, were determined during short (24h and 48h) tests accelerated by the electric field. In those tests we used a thermodynamic migration model and a reverse equation of chloride migration in concrete. Taking into consideration values of diffusion coefficient and diffusion equation, the time required for chloride concentration to reach critical value for reinforcement and the thickness of reinforcement cover were established under the condition that the structure durability was subjected to the exposure class XD3 (chapter 4 of the standard PN 1992-1-1[2]).
The Effect of Additives on the Properties of Metakaolin and Fly Ash Based Geopolymers
Authors: Łach Michał , Korniejenko Kinga , Hebdowska-Krupa Maria , Mikuła Janusz
Published: June 2018

The main motivation of research work is connected with environmental issues. The production of the most important building material of the 20th century - Portland cement technology is associated with significant environmental pollution. The process requires very high temperature and it is energy consuming. During the manufacturing also takes place emission of significant amounts of carbon dioxide and highly toxic nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere These factors show that new solution in this area is required. The most promising alternative is inorganic polymer (geopolymer) technology.

The main objective of the presented research work was to design a new composite for practical applications, especially in construction industry. The paper presents the results of research of geopolymer composites based on geopolymer binders made of metakaolin and fly ash with the addition of titanium oxide and aluminum-calcium cements (including mainly calcium monoglinate) in amount of 4 and 6% by weight. Research methods applied: tests for mechanical properties (compressive strength tests), scanning microscopy investigations (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).

The results show that the addition of aluminum-calcium cements (including calcium monoglinate) significantly increases the compressive strength of geopolymers. Geopolymers based on fly ash with the addition of 6% calcium-aluminum cement with a calcium monoglinate content above 69% are characterized by compressive strength above 50 MPa, while geopolymers from metakaolin with the same additive were characterized by compressive strength above 80 MPa.
Multifunctional decorative coatings based on cement-silicate binder
Authors: Shaybadullina Arina , Yakovlev Grygory , Grakhov Valery , Polyanskikh Irina , Ginchitskaya Yuliya
Published: June 2018

A facade decorative coating has been developed that is based on sodium silicate and Portland cement and modified with a complex ultra-and nanodispersed admixture including titanium dioxide, expanded perlite sand, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersion. The advantage of the produced coating is using Portland cement as a silicizer instead of the conventionally used zinc oxide. Adding ultra-and nanodispersed admixtures to the cement-silicate composition leads to the structural modification of the matrix of the binder composition along with the formation of a more durable coating (up to 4-5 times compared with the existing analogues) and the possibility of absorbing man-made electromagnetic radiation up to 38%. Expanded pearlite sand in the silicate coating provides a relief surface when applied on the base. The cement-silicate composition for coating facades is shown to have the following physical and technical characteristics: the viscosity measured with Viscometer-6 is 29 sec; the hydrogen index of the medium pH=12.33; the film resistance to static effect of water is 8 hr; the paint consumption for a two-layer coating is 200-400 g/m2; the adhesion (the cross-cut test) is 1 point; the conventional light-fastness is 4-5 points; the frost-resistance of the silicate coating is 75 cycles. The developed facade cement-silicate coating can be applied on the surface of silicate-containing materials. The cost effectiveness of using the multifunctional protectivedecorative coating has been proved in comparison with similar compositions.
Hearing Aids as a Treatment for Tinnitus Patients with Slight to Mild Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Johnson Carole , Baldwin Johnathan , Barton Kristen , Mathews Caitlyn , Danhauer Jeffrey , Kimball Suzanne
Published: June 2018

Persons with clinically significant tinnitus also may have mild sensorineural hearing loss (MSNHL). The purpose of this study was to describe patients with tinnitus and MSNHL and factors predicting hearing-aid uptake (HAU). We conducted a retrospective chart review with regression modeling of patients presenting to a specialty tinnitus clinic over a 2.5-year period. Stepwise logistic regression on data from patient charts was conducted. Of 133 patients seen, two-thirds had MSNHL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.9–75.0; mean age = 53.4 years; standard deviation = 14.5); approximately 50% had severe-to-catastrophic tinnitus. Logistic regression indicated that four-frequency pure-tone average (FFPTA; left) (β = 0.3899, χ
2 = 10.96, degrees of freedom [DF] = 1, p = 0.0009) and age (β = 0.1273, χ
2 = 4.86, DF = 1, p = 0.0274) were positively associated with HAU; tinnitus severity was inversely related (β = − 1.0533, χ
2 = 4.24, DF = 1, p = 0.0395). Adjusting for key variables, odds of receiving hearing aids was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01–1.27) times higher with every year increase in age, 1.48 (95% CI: 1.17–1.86) times higher per one point increase in FFPTA (left), and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.13–0.95) times less per one point increase in tinnitus severity score. Reasons why HAU was not high for this special sample of young adults with severe tinnitus and MSNHL are discussed; hearing aid treatment requires extensive counseling and follow-up for this population.
Occurrence and Pattern of Maxillofacial Injuries Caused by Motorcycle Crashes Presenting at Two Major Referral Hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Nyameino Simba , Butt Fawzia , Guthua Symon W. , Macigo Francis , Akama Mathew
Published: June 2018

Motorcycle crashes in Kenya have increased over the last decade and the most common injuries include the cranio-maxillofacial regions which needs documentation. This article determines the occurrence and pattern of maxillofacial injuries in motorcycle crashes. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional prospective study conducted at two referral hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya. Data were obtained through interview and physical examination of patients. Ninety-one patients were examined, among whom 76 (83.5%) were males and 15(16.5%) females (male—female ratio, 5:1). The age range and modal age were between 3 and 62 years and 21 and 30 years, respectively (mean age = 29 years). The midface was the most common fractured site (38%). Motorcycle-related injuries were most common in males aged 21 to 40 years. Collisions and falls were the most common cause of crashes. The midface was the most common region of facial injury and the injuries were associated with the lack of helmet use.
Regional Tissue Oxygen Extraction and Severity of Anemia in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Pilot NIRS Analysis
Authors: Mintzer Jonathan , Parvez Boriana , La Gamma Edmund
Published: June 2018

Objective Anemia causes blood flow redistribution and altered tissue metabolic behavior to sustain homeostatic oxygen consumption. We hypothesized that anemia severity would correlate with increased regional fractional tissue oxygen extraction among premature neonates.

Study Design Regional oxygen extraction was calculated using pulse oximetry and near-infrared spectroscopy data among neonates <1,250 g during their first 10 postnatal days. Oxygen extraction was assessed for correlations with raw hematocrit levels and following grouping into hematocrit quartiles.

Results Twenty-seven neonates with gestational age 27 ± 2 weeks and birth weight 966 ± 181 g underwent 116 hematocrit determinations. Cerebral and flank oxygen extraction inversely correlated with hematocrit (cerebral r = −0.527, p = 0.005; flank r = −0.485, p = 0.01). Increased cerebral oxygen extraction was observed for the lowest three hematocrit quartiles (Q1 0.26 ± 0.08, p = 0.004; Q2 0.24 ± 0.09, p = 0.01; Q3 0.25 ± 0.09, p = 0.03; all compared with Q4 0.18 ± 0.10). Increased flank oxygen extraction occurred for the lowest two quartiles (Q1 0.36 ± 0.12, p < 0.001; Q2 0.35 ± 0.11, p < 0.001; compared with Q4 0.22 ± 0.13). Splanchnic oxygen extraction demonstrated no similar correlations.

Conclusion Increases in tissue oxygen extraction may indicate early pathophysiologic responses to nascent anemia in premature neonates.
National Survey of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Medication Safety Practices
Authors: Greenberg Rachel , Smith P. , Bose Carl , Clark Reese , Cotten C. , DeRienzo Chris
Published: June 2018

Objective We conducted a detailed survey to identify medication safety practices among a large network of United States neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Methods We created a 53-question survey to assess 300 U.S. NICU's demographics, medication safety practices, adverse drug event (ADE) reporting, and ADE response plans.

Results Among the 164 (55%) NICUs that responded to the survey, more than 85% adhered to practices including use of electronic health records, computerized physician order entry, and clinical decision support; fewer reported adopting barcoding, formal safety surveys, and formal culture training; 137 of 164 (84%) developed at least one NICU-specific order-set with a median of 10 order-sets.

Conclusion Among our survey of 164 NICUs, we found that many safety practices remain unused. Understanding safety practice variation is critical to prevent ADEs and other negative infant outcomes. Future efforts should focus on linking safety practices identified from our survey with ADEs and infant outcomes.
Effect of a dc magnetic field on the anomalous dispersion of localized Josephson plasma modes in layered superconductors
Authors: Rokhmanova T. , Apostolov S. S. , Kvitka N. , Yampol'skii V. A.
Published: June 2018

We study theoretically the propagation of Josephson plasma waves (JPWs) localized on a slab of layered superconductor in the presence of an external dc magnetic field. The slab is sandwiched between two dielectric half-spaces and the wave modes propagate across the layers. We derive analytic expressions for the dispersion relations of the localized JPWs and present the numerical simulation for the effect of the external dc magnetic field on the dispersion. The anomalous dispersion of localized JPWs is predicted for a wide range of frequencies, wave vectors, and dc fields. Also, we discuss the possibility of the internal reflection of the localized modes in the inhomogeneous dc magnetic field. This phenomenon can find application in the terahertz electronics for the control of the localized mode propagation.
Elastic phase transitions in solids. High pressure effect
Authors: Vekilov Yu. Kh. , Krasilnikov O. M.
Published: June 2018

At high pressures (the pressure is comparable with the bulk modulus) the crystalline lattice may become unstable relative to the uniform shear deformations, and in a result the low symmetric crystalline structures will appear (the so-called “elastic phase transitions”). The order parameters at these transitions are the components of the finite deformations tensor. The stability of the high-pressure phases is defined by the nonlinear elasticity of the lattice (the third, fourth etc. order elastic constants). Here the different cases of the stability loss at hydrostatic pressure for the cubic structures are considered. The relation between the second, third and fourth order elastic constants is given, which defines the possibility of the first order deformation phase transition. The jump of the order parameter and the height of the potential barrier are defined by the third and fourth order elastic constants. As an example, the experimentally observed elastic phase transition in vanadium at P ≈ 69 GPa from bcc to the rhombohedral phase is analyzed, and the possible structural transitions in bcc Mo and W at P ≥ 700 GPa are also considered.
Pilgrimage, religious tourism and heritage in Calabria.
Authors: Bellio A.
Published: June 2018

This chapter analyses the contemporary forms of pilgrimage and religious tourism in Calabria from a specific perspective, that of mystic figures in present times. Focus is placed on Fratel Cosimo (i.e. Brother Cosimo), a contemporary figure at the origin of a very important cult in Calabria. Cosimo's experience gave rise to a community dedicated to the Madonna dello Scoglio (literally, Our Lady of the Rock) as well as to new facilities needed to host and manage the enormous flow of visitors to the pilgrimage site of Santa Domenica in Calabria.
Stroke Systems of Care
Authors: Frey Casey , Bishop Laura , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Fargen Kyle M.
Published: June 2018

Recent randomized controlled trials of stroke thrombectomy have led the American Heart Association to provide recommendations that thrombectomy be pursued in patients with large vessel occlusions who meet certain criteria. Evolving recommendations allow the Brain Attack Coalition to establish, update, and maintain a hierarchal system of care involving the proper management of different types of acute stroke. This chapter will outline various stroke systems of care and assist emergency medicine providers in evaluating, managing, and triaging patients with different types of stroke. The history behind the development of stroke centers as well as the qualifications for each level of care are discussed here alongside example cases of patients best managed at the various hospital subtypes.
Prehospital Triage of Stroke
Authors: Sharashidze Vera , Barreira Clara , Hauseen Diogo , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: June 2018

Proper identification of patients with acute ischemic stroke in the prehospital setting can be challenging. This chapter reviews the most commonly employed prehospital stroke screening tools. Such tools were initially designed to optimize the timely detection of strokes in the field by the emergency medical personnel. However, in conjunction with the recent advances in endovascular stroke therapy, new field screens have been developed with the goal of identifying patients with higher likelihood of emergent large vessel occlusion strokes. These new screens can assist the emergency medical personnel with patient triage to the most appropriate facility within a regional stroke system of care.
Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Guerrero Waldo R. , Samaniego Edgar A. , Ortega Santiago
Published: June 2018

The only proven therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke is early recanalization. The use of intravenous thrombolytic alteplase is the standard of care for patients presenting with ischemic stroke within the first 4.5 hours from symptom onset. This chapter reviews the indications and contraindications to alteplase including the 2015 American Heart Association guidelines and their relevance to clinical practice. Furthermore, emerging research and ongoing trials on expanding the time window for intravenous thrombolysis are discussed.