bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence gap map of performance measurement and management in primary care delivery systems in low- and middle-income countries – Study protocol
Authors: Munar Wolfgang , Snilstveit Birte , Stevenson Jennifer , Biswas Nilakshi , Eyers John , Butera Gisela , Baffour Theresa , Aranda Ligia E.
Published: November 2018

Background.For the last two decades there has been growing interest in governmental and global health stakeholders about the role that performance measurement and management systems can play for the production of high-quality and safely delivered primary care services. Despite recognition and interest, the gaps in evidence in this field of research and practice in low- and middle-income countries remain poorly characterized. This study will develop an evidence gap map in the area of performance management in primary care delivery systems in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods.The evidence gap map will follow the methodology developed by 3Ie, the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, to systematically map evidence and research gaps. The process starts with the development of the scope by creating an evidence-informed framework that helps identify the interventions and outcomes of relevance as well as help define inclusion and exclusion criteria. A search strategy is then developed to guide the systematic search of the literature, covering the following databases: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CAB Global Health (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebsco), Cochrane Library, Scopus (Elsevier), and Econlit (Ovid). Sources of grey literature are also searched. Studies that meet the inclusion criteria are systematically coded, extracting data on intervention, outcome, measures, context, geography, equity, and study design. Systematic reviews are also critically appraised using an existing standard checklist. Impact evaluations are not appraised but will be coded according to study design. The process of map-building ends with the creation of an evidence gap map graphic that displays the available evidence according to the intervention and outcome framework of interest.

Discussion. Implications arising from the evidence map will be discussed in a separate paper that will summarize findings and make recommendations for the development of a prioritized research agenda.
Computable Error Bounds of Laplace Inversion for Pricing Asian Options
Authors: Song Yingda , Cai Ning , Kou Steven
Published: November 2018

The prices of Asian options, which are among the most important options in financial engineering, can often be written in terms of Laplace transforms. However, computable error bounds of the Laplace inversions are rarely available to guarantee their accuracy. We conduct a thorough analysis of the inversion of the Laplace transforms for continuously and discretely monitored Asian option prices under general continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs), which can be used to approximate any one-dimensional Markov process. More precisely, we derive computable bounds for the discretization and truncation errors involved in the inversion of Laplace transforms. Numerical results indicate that the algorithm is fast and easy to implement, and the computable error bounds are especially suitable to provide benchmark prices under CTMCs.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0805 .
The Meet-in-the-Middle Principle for Cutting and Packing Problems
Authors: Côté Jean-François , Iori Manuel
Published: November 2018

Cutting and packing (C&P) is a fundamental research area that models a large number of managerial and industrial optimization issues. A solution to a C&P problem basically consists of a set of one-dimensional or multidimensional items packed in/cut from one or more bins, by satisfying problem constraints and minimizing a given objective function. Normal patterns are a well-known C&P technique used to build solutions where each item is aligned to the bottom of the bin along each dimension. They are used in several C&P techniques because they can reduce the search space while preserving optimality, but their limit is that their number grows consistently when number of items and size of the bin increase. In this paper we propose a new set of patterns, called meet in the middle, that preserves optimality and leads to several interesting results. Their computation is achieved with the same time complexity as that of the normal patterns, but their number is never higher, and in practical applications it frequently shows reductions of about 50%. These new patterns are applied to improve some exact state-of-the-art C&P techniques, including arc-flow formulations, combinatorial branch-and-bound algorithms, and mixed-integer linear programs. The efficacy of the improved techniques is assessed by extensive computational tests on a number of relevant applications.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0806 .
Joint Ship Schedule Design and Sailing Speed Optimization for a Single Inland Shipping Service with Uncertain Dam Transit Time
Authors: Tan Zhijia , Wang Yadong , Meng Qiang , Liu Zhixue
Published: November 2018

Inland shipping has received extensive attention in practice and is a high energy-consuming service sensitive to the river streamflow speed and the uncertain lock traversing time of dams. In this study, we propose a joint ship schedule design and sailing speed optimization problem for a single inland shipping service by incorporating the effects of nonidentical streamflow speed and the uncertain dam transit time. A bi-objective programming model is developed for the proposed problem to simultaneously minimize the total bunker consumption and the ship round-trip time with service level constraints. The service level at each port call is captured by the punctual arrival probability of the ship not less than a predefined value. By introducing the term of buffer times, we analytically derive the Pareto optimal solutions of the ship sailing speeds and schedule. The theoretical method is extended to the case with an arbitrary number of dams and the uncertain port service and leg voyage time. We also examine the relationship between the Pareto optimal solution in this study and the solutions of the previous joint sailing speed and schedule optimization problems in the liner shipping service design. Numerical experiments based on the Yangtze River are conducted.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0808 .
Serious-Games-Forschung und -Lehre in der Informatik
Authors: Göbel Stefan , Konrad Robert , Mehm Florian , Caserman Polona , Tregel Thomas , Garcia-Agundez Augusto
Published: November 2018

Die Technische Universität Darmstadt wurde 1877 gegründet und ist Mitglied der TU9 der führenden technischen Universitäten in Deutschland. In der Informatik werden Lehrangebote für Serious Games und Game Technologie angeboten. Serious Games werden seit 2008 am Fachgebiet Multimedia Kommunikation erforscht und gelehrt.
Die unzufriedene Mitte und die politischen Folgen: Gerechtigkeitsperzeptionen und Wahlabsichten im Wandel
Authors: Dallinger Ursula
Published: November 2018

Die Sozialwissenschaften sehen die Mittelschicht als politisch einflussreiche Kraft, die bei zunehmender Einkommensungleichheit marktkorrigierende Politiken fordert und cross-class-coalitions mit der politisch wenig einflussreichen Unterschicht sucht. Der Beitrag verbindet diese Annahme zum Mittelschichtwähler mit der aktuellen Debatte um eine erodierende Mittelschicht. Ist die Mittelschicht aufgrund materieller Verlusterfahrungen verunsichert und entwickelt eher »linke« Wahlabsichten im Sinne der Medien-Wähler-Theorie? Deuten veränderte Gerechtigkeitsperzeptionen in der Mitte eine neo-liberale Komplizenschaft an? Gestützt auf Daten des ALLBUS für die Zeit von 1994 bis 2014 wird analysiert, wie perzipierte Ungerechtigkeit und die subjektive Wirtschaftslage in der Mittelschicht die Parteienwahl beeinflussen. Gezeigt wird, dass Unzufriedenheit mit Ungleichheit und Wirtschaft in der unteren, nicht aber in der oberen Mitte wuchsen. Perzipierte Ungerechtigkeit senkt die Neigung, eine der etablierten Parteien zu wählen. Enttäuschte Fairnesserwartungen spalten die Mitte und lenken die Wahlabsicht einmal der unteren, das andere Mal der oberen Mittelschicht in unterschiedliche Richtungen. Die Mittelschicht ist weder bezüglich ihrer materiellen Lage noch bezüglich ihrer sozio-politischen Orientierungen einheitlich.
Kleiderwechsel
Authors: Gutsche Victoria
Published: November 2018

Victoria Gutsche widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag dem Motiv des Cross-Dressings in zwei frühneuzeitlichen Romanen: dem satirischen Roman »Der abentheurliche Simplicissimus Teutsch« von Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen und dem höfisch-historischen Roman »Des Christlichen Teutschen Groß-Fürsten Herkules und der Böhmischen Königlichen Fräulein Valiska Wunder-Geschichte von Andreas Heinrich Bucholtz«. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Kleidung ein überaus komplexes Zeichensystem darstellt, in dem sich verschiedene Differenzkategorien überlagern. So geht mit einem Kleiderwechsel nicht nur ein äußerlicher Wechsel des Geschlechts einher, sondern das Anlegen eines anderen Kleids hat auch Auswirkungen auf die Wahrnehmung des sozialen Stands, des Alters oder der Herkunft. Zugleich sind die äußeren Zeichen jedoch einem fortwährenden Wandel unterworfen, sodass die Distinktionen, die über die Kleidung vorgenommen werden, Gegenstand eines beständigen Aushandlungsprozesses sind.
Hic sunt dracones
Authors: Sieweke Jorg
Published: November 2018

Hier sind Monster! Weltkarten aus den Tagen der Kolonialisierung zeigen noch nicht erschlossene Regionen, bevölkert von Drachen, Seeungeheuern und anderen Monstern. Diese weißen, noch unerforschten Flecken blieben für lange Zeit mythisch und unheimlich. Ausgehend von der Aufklärung sah Weber (1972) mit der Modernisierung in erster Linie einen Prozess der Rationalisierung am Werk. Die Vernunft ersetze zunehmend andere Begründungsweisen wie Tradition oder Autorität, Mythos und Magie würden zurückgedrängt, die Welt werde als kognitiv beherrschbar gedacht und dadurch entzaubert. So setzte sich eine Weltsicht durch, die alles Mythische oder Magische ins Reich des Ungebildeten oder Lächerlichen verdrängte. Doch aus den Fugen dieser zweckrationalisierten Weltanschauung steigen immer wieder die verleugneten Monster empor. Anstatt sie als rückständige Betrachtungen zu negieren, stellen diese ein produktives kulturelles Vehikel dar, das Ängste und Ungewissheiten bebildert, um diese mittels Auseinandersetzung zu durchdringen. Das folgende Portrait der rurbanen Flusslandschaft des Aniene eröffnet Blicke auf die weißen und unbekannten Flecken in unserer modernen Gesellschaft. Auffällig erscheint die Stigmatisierung des Wilden in der Zuschreibung gleichsam unzivilisierter Kultur als auch Natur. Diese Mischwesen aus Kultur und Natur widersetzen sich der rationalen Kategorisierung. Die Beobachtungen und photographischen Arbeiten entstanden im Rahmen eines Aufenthaltes des Autors als Stipendiat der Villa Massimo in Rom 2015.
The Ghosts Within
Authors: Odabas Janna
Published: November 2018

The ghost as a literary figure has been interpreted multiple times: spiritually, psychoanalytically, sociologically, or allegorically. Following these approaches, Janna Odabas understands ghosts in Asian American literature as self-reflexive figures. With identity politics at the core of the ghost concept, Odabas emphasizes how ghosts critically renegotiate the notion of 'Asian America' as heterogeneous and transnational and resist interpretation through a morally or politically preconceived approach to Asian American literature. Responding to the tensions of the scholarly field, Odabas argues that the literary works under scrutiny openly play with and rethink conceptions of ghosts as mere exotic, ethnic ornamentation.
Andersmöglichsein. Zur Ästhetik des Designs
Authors: Geiger Annette
Published: November 2018

Wovon wollen wir sprechen, wenn wir über Design nachdenken? Wer um sich blickt, trifft unweigerlich auf geformte Dinge. Man hat sie entworfen, um sie nutzbar zu machen. Aber ist alles, was man benutzen kann, schon Design? Unsere Gesellschaft hat den Design-Begriff hervorgebracht, um anhand bestimmter Kriterien das Gestaltete von anderem zu unterscheiden. Diese Codierungen können als Form der ästhetischen Wahrnehmung begriffen werden. Annette Geiger bietet einen Überblick zur Theorie und Geschichte der Gestaltung für alle, die der Disziplin in neuer Perspektive begegnen wollen: Design ist das Ausloten von Andersmöglichsein.
Filmische Zeugenschaft im Abseits
Authors: Stock Robert
Published: November 2018

Wie wird koloniale Gewalt historisch thematisiert? Wie gehen dokumentarische Filme und geschichtspolitische Diskurse mit ihr um? Robert Stock nähert sich diesen Fragen mit kritischem Blick auf den Kolonialkrieg Portugals in Afrika und den nationalen Befreiungskampf Mosambiks. Dabei fokussiert er seine Untersuchung auf die Gestaltung, Funktion und Reflexion historischer Zeugenschaft. Am Material von bislang wenig beachteten Filmproduktionen über die Dekolonisierungsprozesse zwischen Mosambik und Portugal seit den 1970er Jahren analysiert er die sich verändernden Deutungsweisen der kolonialen Vergangenheit.
Arbeit - Gesundheit - Biographie
Authors: Bartel Susanne
Published: November 2018

Die Rückkehr ins Arbeitsleben nach einer Erkrankung stellt eine zentrale sozialpolitische Gestaltungsaufgabe dar. Ein vertieftes Verständnis für die komplexen Bedingungskonstellationen gesundheitsbedingter Ausstiegs- und Neuorientierungsprozesse und ihrer individuellen biographischen Auswirkungen ist deswegen unverzichtbar. In ihrer Grounded-Theory-Studie rekonstruiert Susanne Bartel anhand von Interviews mit erkrankten Beschäftigten ein Bedingungsgefüge der Ausstiegsprozesse und entwirft eine Aushandlungsarena der Krankheitsbewältigung und beruflichen Neuorientierung. Dabei wird insbesondere die Rolle von individuellen Einstellungen zu Arbeit, Gesundheit und Krankheit herausgestellt.
Im Dispositiv
Authors: Gnosa Tanja
Published: November 2018

Michel Foucaults Dispositivbegriff erlebt seit Jahren eine Konjunktur. Schließlich ermöglicht er es, immer komplexer werdende politische, gesellschaftliche und mediale Zusammenhänge zu denken. Allerdings ist zu beobachten, dass mit zunehmender Prominenz auch eine sukzessive Aushöhlung des Konzepts einhergeht. Tanja Gnosa wirkt dem entgegen, indem sie die Genese des Begriffs in der Diskurstheorie Foucaults verortet. Unter Berücksichtigung der Machtanalyse wird ein Dispositiv-Verständnis entwickelt, das systematisch den Vermittlungsaspekt - das Mediale - miteinbezieht. Daraus resultiert ein integratives Dispositiv-Konzept, das erstmals die reziproke Genese von Wissen, Macht und Medien zu verstehen erlaubt.
Das Experiment in der zeitgenössischen Kunst
Authors: Vennemann Nicole
Published: November 2018

Das künstlerische Experiment ist - anders als das ergebnisorientierte wissenschaftliche Pendant - eine vom Künstler offen gestaltete Forschungshandlung, innerhalb derer Partizipation möglich ist. Nicole Vennemann zeigt anhand exemplarischer Fallbeispiele von Roman Signer, Carsten Höller und Ursula Damm, dass dieser ereignisinitiierende Mechanismus des Experiments die Rezipienten zu einer Erkundungsforschung in einen Ereignis- oder Laborraum einlädt. Sie geht der Frage nach, in welcher Form die künstlerische Forschung als eine ästhetische Praxis existiert und ob Verbindungen zu einer wissenschaftlichen Forschungspraxis evident sind.
MUSIC THAT CHANGED MY LIFE. POP-MUSIK UND SELBSTVERSTÄNDNIS
Authors: Vogel Matthias
Published: November 2018

Matthias Vogel hält es für völlig legitim zu fragen, warum wir Musik hören. Während die Antwort »um ihrer selbst willen« bestenfalls ein Rätsel ist, ist der Hinweis auf (angenehme) Effekte nicht spezifisch genug. Eine informative Antwort auf diese Frage hat vielmehr die Tatsache zu berücksichtigen, dass Musik etwas ist, das wir verstehen können. Um diese Behauptung plausibel zu machen, betrachtet er zunächst Geschichten, in denen Menschen davon berichten, dass das Hören von Stücken der (instrumentalen) Popmusik ihr Leben verändert hat. Da sich diese Veränderungen nicht in den materiellen Lebensbedingungen niedergeschlagen haben, geht er davon aus, dass sie in Dimensionen stattgefunden haben, die für das Selbstbild des Hörers eine Rolle spielen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Theorie des Musikverstehens als Nachvollzug soll verständlich werden, warum gerade Popmusik etwas ist, das wir als Medium der Entwicklung und Transformation von Selbstbildern wertschätzen können.
WHO IS »YOU'RE SO VAIN« ABOUT? REFERENCE IN POPULAR MUSIC LYRICS
Authors: Gracyk Theodore
Published: November 2018

Texts should be interpreted in terms of their use, where a use is a particular act of directing the text to an audience in a particular situation at a particular time. Songs can be performed in many sorts of situations and with various communicative intentions, and thus a single song can be used to communicate different things on different occasions of use. As such, a use reflects intentions, and an audience that is interested in the communicative dimension of a performed song cannot be insensitive to the performer's intentions. As a test case, I examine Carly Simon's »You're So Vain«, which has generated considerable speculation about its inspiration or autobiographical origins. I argue that these sorts of facts about a song's origins do not fix the referent of the song when it is performed: the song »You're So Vain« may be constitutively ambiguous in reference, but particular performances of it need not suffer that same fate.
Aportes desde la confianza a la formación ciudadana y a la educación para la paz
Authors: Cruz Castillo Alba Lucía , Torres Gómez Myriam Fernanda
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo parte de que la confianza surge y se muestra al mundo como un acto, este acto a la vez se da y se lee contextualmente, lo que implica que la confianza necesita de regularidad para que el acto en sí obtenga resultados; por lo tanto, la confianza nace de la subjetividad que se configura en la correlación entre los seres humanos, por ello, la confianza tiene un doble papel: como motivadora y como implicación en el otro. A partir de una comprensión ontológica de la confianza, el artículo ilustra la manera en que esta es un pilar para la democracia y formación ciudadana, además de la pertinencia de estos elementos en contextos de formación para la paz. Finalmente, el texto expone algunos elementos desde las propuestas planteadas por las pedagogías humanizantes que integran la confianza como fundamento epistémico de ellas, con la intención de reflexionar sobre: el reposicionamiento de la práctica, el saber pedagógico y la importancia de la didáctica bajo discursos críticos e interculturales.
Coragyps sapiens: una propuesta de revitalización y reconstrucción simbólica del cuerpo social desde el teatro
Authors: Ortega Garzón Sandra María
Published: November 2018

Coragyps sapiens es el nombre de la obra dramática de Felipe Vergara escrita en 2013. En ella, el autor no solamente representa la violencia ejercida sobre el cuerpo durante el conflicto armado en Colombia, sino que plantea, a manera de metáfora, una propuesta para la reconstrucción social en el país. El presente artículo discute dicha propuesta mediante el análisis de las imágenes presentes en el texto y desentraña el lenguaje metafórico para entender sus posibles alcances; de esta forma, se pretende destacar el papel del arte dramático como creador de acciones que viabilizan la reconstrucción simbólica del tejido social en un país fracturado por la violencia y, sin embargo, empeñado en el establecimiento de una paz duradera.
Número completo
Authors: Hernández Cubides Jairo Andrés , Antolinez Franco Johan Stephen
Published: November 2018

Volumen 11, número 1 del año 2018 - El conocimiento al servicio de la paz
Uwagi o metodzie badań historycznoprawnych. W związku z rozprawą Jerzego Kolarzowskiego, Idea praw jednostki w pismach Braci Polskich. U narodzin nowożytnej koncepcji praw człowieka, 2009
Authors: Święcicka Paulina
Published: November 2018

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Nowy obraz losów miasta Krakowa. Uwagi nad książką Poczet sołtysów, wójtów, burmistrzów i prezydentów miasta Krakowa (1228-2010), pod red. Bogdana Kasprzyka, 2010
Authors: Mataniak Mateusz
Published: November 2018

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Michael Kerrigan, Narzędzia tortur, 2010
Authors: Maciejewski Tadeusz
Published: November 2018

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Rafał Kania, Myśl polityczno-prawna Franciszka Ksawerego Szaniawskiego (1768-1830), 2012
Authors: Maciejewski Marek
Published: November 2018

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Lech Krzyżanowski, Sędziowie II Rzeczypospolitej. Okręgi apelacyjne: krakowski i katowicki, 2011
Authors: Materniak-Pawłowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2018

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Najstarsze północnoamerykańskie artykuły wojskowe
Authors: Łopatecki Karol
Published: November 2018

This paper analyses from historical and legal points of view, military articles enacted for militias stationed in the colonies of Virginia, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Maryland. All the studied articles were drafted by selecting legal norms from model military articles and introducing minor stylistic changes. Colonists from Virginia took advantage of Sweden’s Gustav II Adolph’s articles of 1621, those from Massachusetts – articles drafted for the Parliamentarian Army by Robert Devereux in 1642 while in Maryland, Prince Rupert’s Articles of 1672 served as a model. The example of Connecticut shows that once a version of regulations for militias had been published, it was eagerly copied by neighbouring colonies. Curiously enough – an observation that has not been made in the literature so far – the Swedish military regulations of Gustav II Adolph were made use of outside Europe. This only bears out the claim that military expertise fl owed freely in the times of ‘military revolutions’. A new type of source concerning military law, namely militia articles, needs to be distinguished; one marked by conciseness, for it only laid down absolutely necessary regulations that could be enforced in ad hoc formed militias.
O mediewistycznej twórczości Juliusza Bardacha
Authors: Sobotka Roman
Published: November 2018

O mediewistycznej twórczości Juliusza Bardacha
Kolokwium habilitacyjne dra Jana Majchrowskiego
Authors: Rossmanith Anna
Published: November 2018

Kolokwium habilitacyjne dra Jana Majchrowskiego
Rywalizacja państw w kosmosie
Authors: Stankiewicz Wojciech
Published: November 2018

The paper emphasizes that outer space has become an object of interest for different states relatively recently. Therefore, there is no detailed international law to regulate the activity of states in outer space. Current regulations were mainly drawn up at the turn of the 1960s, and they do not fully correspond to the reality of today. The drawing up of modern space law will be a dynamic process owing to the rapid evolution of space technology and an increasing exploration potential. As the activity of states in outer space is rapidly changing, laws to be drawn up may frequently be prepared ad hoc, in response to the newly emerging problems. It may be exceptionally difficult to enact a new convention to regulate general issues of outer space, in the way it has been done with respect to the law of the sea, as some countries (in particular the United States) may oppose the limitation of their plans to explore and utilize outer space. In order to maintain peace and balance, it may be necessary to establish a new international organization for the purpose of dealing with outer space. This organization would provide a forum to solve disputes, such as those concerning the development of satellite systems, the principles of teledetection, or armaments in space. A considerable portion of inter-state disputes concerning outer space will have to be solved by bilateral agreements, reached through a compromise, as there are no specialized organs authorized to act in the realm of outer space. A dynamically conducted exploration of outer space depends on the amount of expenditure allocated to the space programs of individual states. The amount of financing available is influenced by the economy (at the time of the slowdown that began in 2008 space agencies have had to envisage limited budgets). The prestige of space exploration is an aspect of particular importance. In order to increase its importance in the international arena, states are ready to allocate considerable means for spectacular space activities. It can be observed at present that states are increasingly competing with each other for prestige rather than for strategic purposes. This can easily be observed with respect to the developing countries, such as China and India. The pace of activities in space will be influenced by the ability of the states to cooperate. The specific nature of great space investments usually requires huge expenditure, therefore it would be advantageous to combine the financial contributions of various states. Joint projects would promote peaceful utilization of outer space.
Moralische Forderungen und Relativismus
Authors: Wendt Fabian
Published: November 2018

Peter Stemmer has developed an elegant and impressive theory of normativity and morality. In this article, I try to show that he does not achieve two goals he set for himself. First, his theory does not capture the categorical bindingness of moral demands, even in Stemmer’s own interpretation of categorical bindingness: it does not show that wemustfollow moral demands no matter what our personal goals and desires are. Second, just because it would be rational to establish positive moralities in a hypothetical pre-moral scenario, it does not follow – and Stemmer does not establish – that only positive moralities that are in the interest of all members (and contain a prohibition on oppression) arelegitimate. For that reason, his contractarian theory collapses into relativism.
Effect of the hydrothermal activity in the Lower Yangtze region on marine shale gas enrichment: A case study of Lower Cambrian and Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian shales in Jiangye-1 well
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Zhang Kun , Jiang Zhenxue , Jiang Shu , Song Yan , Jia Chengzao , Huang Yizhou , Wen Ming , Liu Tianlin , Xie Xuelian , Wang Pengfei , Shan Chang’an , Liu Xiaoxue , Wang Xin
Published: November 2018

Finding favorable sites for the exploration of shale gas, is still one of the important areas of research that needs immediate attention. The content of organic matter in shale plays a crucial role in the hydrocarbon generation potential, reservoir space and gas-bearing capacity of shales. Therefore, studying the sedimentary environment of organic shale can provide a scientific basis for locating favorable exploration areas for shale gas. The article takes the Lower Cambrian and the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian shales in the Yangtze region as the research object and selects representative wells to quantitatively calculate the existence of excess silicon in shale siliceous minerals and the content of excess silicon. Then, the origin of excess silicon can be clarified by the Al, Fe and Mn elemental analysis. Finally, the sedimentary organic matter enrichment mechanism is analyzed from water oxidation-reduction environments and biological productivity. The results of the study show that the excess silicon in the Lower Cambrian and Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian shales in the Lower Yangtze region is of hydrothermal origin. The hydrothermal activity improves biological fertility on the one hand; whereas on the other hand, it can enhance the reducing capacity of the bottom water conducive for the preservation of organic matter thereby enriching the sedimentary organic matter. The place near the junction of Yangtze plate and Cathaysian plate, where hydrothermal activities were more intense, provided favorable loci for shale gas exploration in the Lower Yangtze region. It was observed that, since the hydrothermal activity was stronger in the Early Cambrian than in the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian times, the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Lower Cambrian shale was higher than that of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian shales.
Quantifying the scales of spatial variation in gravel beds using terrestrial and airborne laser scanning data
Authors: Huang Guo-Hao , Atkinson Peter M. , Wang Chi-Kuei
Published: November 2018

Previous studies measured gravel bed surfaces by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry suggested the presence of at least two different scales of spatial variation in gravel bed surfaces. This study investigated the spatial variation of airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds acquired in gravel bed. Due to the large footprint of ALS systems, a smoother surface is expected, but there exists some uncertainty over the precise scale of ALS measurement (hereafter referred to as the spatial support). As a result, we applied the regularization method, which is a variogram upscaling approach, to investigate the true support of ALS data. The regularization results suggested that the gravel bed surface described by the ALS is much smoother than expected in terms of the ALS reported measurement scale. Moreover, we applied the factorial kriging (FK) method, which allows mapping of different scales of variation present in the data separately (different from ordinary kriging which produces a single map), to obtain the river bed topography at each scale of spatial variation. We found that the short-range and long-range FK maps of the TLS-derived DSMs were able to highlight the edges of gravels and clusters of gravels, respectively. The long-range FK maps of the ALS data shows a pattern of gravel-bed clusters and aggregations of gravels. However, the short-range FK maps of the ALS data produced noisy maps, due to the smoothing effect. This analysis, thus, shows clearly that ALS data may be insufficient for geomorphological and hydraulic engineering applications that require the resolution of individual gravels.
Stability Analysis of Some Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower and Their Hybrids
Authors: Tyagi Vikrant , Dhillon S. K. , Kaushik Prashant
Published: November 2018

Genetic makeup along with environmental stimuli affect the expression of a trait in plants. Drought tolerance in addition to stability of characters over a wide range of environmental conditions is not well studied in sunflower. Therefore, here we have performed a stability analysis study of sunflower genotypes. The experimental material comprised of 19 lines of sunflower comprising 9 alloplasmic cms lines from different wild sources along with one common maintainer from petiolaris source, 4 cms lines and one maintainer from cultivated source (cytoplasm from H. petiolaris), 4 restorer lines and 60 F1 hybrids (developed in line x tester design). The experiment was conducted over two years i. e. spring season 2011 and spring season 2012 over the two environments one normal irrigated and another water stress environment at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The data were recorded for different morphophysiology, yield and quality trais and analysis as per standard procedures. The genotype×environment interaction was further partitioned into linear and non-linear components according to Eberhart and Russel model. Eleven sunflower hybrids were found to be stable across the environments for seed yield. While, sufficient variability was also recorded for the oil content with the highest oil percentage in the cross combination ARG-2A×P100R (34.61). Overall, this study provides useful information regarding the stability of newly developed and cytoplasmically diverse sunflower hybrids under north Indian conditions.
Temperature detection technology of power equipment based on Fiber Bragg Grating
Authors: Zhang Xin , Tao Zui , Yang Li
Published: November 2018

The temperature detection and alarm system of power equipment is supposed to be used in power accidents caused by overheating. In our experiment, we build a system to detect the temperature of electrical power equipment. According to the actual temperature fitting curve, the whole system uses the Fiber Bragg Gratings as the signal sensing and transmission media, using the tunable Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity filter to demodulate the fiber and a SLED light source which is considered high reliability. System control and signal processing is carried out by the STM32F407ZGT6 microcontroller and its internal single-cycle DSP. The system has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability, high reliability and precision, simple installation, convenient maintenance, remote signal transmission.
The study of the influence of heart ventricular wall thickness on pseudo-ECG
Authors: Razumov Artem A. , Ushenin Konstantin S. , Butova Ksenia A. , Solovyova Olga E.
Published: November 2018

Electrocardiogram is a widespread method of diagnosis of heart diseases. Nevertheless, there are still issues related to connection of some physiological features of themyocardium with patterns observed on the electrocardiogram. In ourworkwe studied the effect of ventricular remodelling, i.e., thickening ofwalls of ventricles typical for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), on the pseudo-electrocardiogram on the surface of a volume conductor during myocardial activation from different sources. A model of two ventricles of the heart was developed for this purpose allowing us to vary ventricular geometry. The volume conductor surrounding the heart was a cubic homogeneous volume conductor. Simulation of a pseudo-electrocardiogram was performed by using a realistic ionic model of cardiomyocytes of the ventricles of the human heart and the bidomain model of the myocardium [15]. The zone of initial activation in the model was given on a part of the subendocardial surface or at one or two points corresponding to positions of electrodes of most common implantable devices. In the course of the study we revealed an inversion of the T-wave when changing the thickness of the left ventricle wall regardless of changes of properties of cardiomyocytes or myocardium conductivity. A linear dependence between the wall thickness of the left ventricle and peak amplitudes and integrals under QRS complex and T wave of the electrocardiogram was shown. We have qualitatively shown that with a change in the wall thickness of the left ventricle the pseudo-electrocardiogram changes stronger in the case of activation from one point than in activation from two points or activation of the entire subendocardium.
Design, Development, and Calibration of Octagonal Ring Type Dynamometer with FEA for Measurement of Drilling Thrust and Torque
Authors: Gaikwad Sharad V. , Mahapatra M. M. , Mulik Rahul S.
Published: November 2018

In this study, the design, development, and calibration of a strain-gauge–based octagonal ring type tool dynamometer was carried out. This dynamometer has the capacity to simultaneously measure thrust and torque during drilling operation. The thin strain ring theory was used for finalizing the dimensions of strain rings. Finite element analysis was carried out to compare theoretical strains with the experimental values and to finalize the location of strain gauges. The thrust force and torque were measured by eight strain gauges, each forming a Wheatstone bridge circuit, converting the deflections of elastic strain rings to proportional electrical signals. A suitable data acquisition system was used for recording the thrust and torque in a computer system. Calibration curves were plotted by applying known thrust and torque repeatedly. It was observed that the designed tool dynamometer is capable of measuring the cutting forces satisfactorily.
Influence of Specimen Geometry on the Response of Post-Installed Anchors Subjected to Constant Load under Crack Opening and Crack Cycles
Authors: Marchisella A. , Muciaccia G.
Published: November 2018

It is generally acknowledged that one of the most critical tests to capture the behavior of a post-installed fastener under seismic action is the so-called “seismic crack movement test,” which consists in applying a constant load to a single fastener installed in a crack subjected to opening and full closing cycles. This article presents experimental results of crack movement tests on large size post-installed anchors that show a strong influence of the geometry of the concrete specimen in which the anchor is installed. To improve the regularity of the crack plane, a feedback control using the crack opening signal is applied to the servo-hydraulic actuators. Results of seismic crack movement tests using two different test setups were compared. The major aspects are as follows: (i) splitting force generated by the anchor affects the restoring of the zero crack opening when increasing the number of cycles, and (ii) increasing the size of concrete element limits the effects of bending induced in the concrete specimen. The issue of residual crack opening at the zero actuator’s load is observed experimentally and is further approached both analytically and numerically. The parameters that mostly affect the crack closure phase, i.e., steel ratio, transfer length, and de-bonding length, are finally discussed.
Vincamine as a GPR40 agonist improves glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Du Te , Yang Liu , Xu Xu , Shi Xiaofan , Xu Xin , Lu Jian , Lv Jianlu , Huang Xi , Chen Jing , Wang Heyao , Ye Jiming , Hu Lihong , Shen Xu
Published: November 2018

Vincamine, a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid extracted from the Madagascar periwinkle, is clinically used for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, while also treated as a dietary supplement with nootropic function. Given the neuronal protection of vincamine and the potency of β-cell amelioration in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we investigated the potential of vincamine in protecting β-cells and ameliorating glucose homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, we found that vincamine could protect INS-832/13 cells function by regulating G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40)/cAMP/Ca2+/IRS2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, while increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by modulating GPR40/cAMP/Ca2+/CaMKII pathway, which reveals a novel mechanism underlying GPR40-mediated cell protection and GSIS in INS-832/13 cells. Moreover, administration of vincamine effectively ameliorated glucose homeostasis in either HFD/STZ or db/db type 2 diabetic mice. To our knowledge, our current work might be the first report on vincamine targeting GPR40 and its potential in the treatment of T2DM.
Fitness and Genomic Consequences of Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Copper and Nickel inDaphnia pulexMutation Accumulation Lines
Authors: Bull James K , Flynn Jullien M , Chain Frederic J J , Cristescu Melania E
Published: November 2018

In at least some unicellular organisms, mutation rates are temporarily raised upon exposure to environmental stress, potentially contributing to the evolutionary response to stress. Whether this is true for multicellular organisms, however, has received little attention. This study investigated the effects of chronic mild stress, in the form of low-level copper and nickel exposure, on mutational processes in Daphnia pulex using a combination of mutation accumulation, whole genome sequencing and life-history assays. After over 100 generations of mutation accumulation, we found no effects of metal exposure on the rates of single nucleotide mutations and of loss of heterozygosity events, the two mutation classes that occurred in sufficient numbers to allow statistical analysis. Similarly, rates of decline in fitness, as measured by intrinsic rate of population increase and of body size at first reproduction, were negligibly affected by metal exposure. We can reject the possibility that Daphnia were insufficiently stressed to invoke genetic responses as we have previously shown rates of large-scale deletions and duplications are elevated under metal exposure in this experiment. Overall, the mutation accumulation lines did not significantly depart from initial values for phenotypic traits measured, indicating the lineage used was broadly mutationally robust. Taken together, these results indicate that the mutagenic effects of chronic low-level exposure to these metals are restricted to certain mutation classes and that fitness consequences are likely minor and therefore unlikely to be relevant in determining the evolutionary responses of populations exposed to these stressors.
Reconstructing the History of Polygenic Scores Using Coalescent Trees
Authors: Edge Michael D , Coop Graham
Published: November 2018

As both GWAS and procedures for inferring gene genealogies progress, there will be major opportunities for learning about trait evolution using gene genealogies of trait-associated loci. Edge and Coop introduce statistical procedures for estimating....

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed that many traits are highly polygenic, in that their within-population variance is governed, in part, by small-effect variants at many genetic loci. Standard population-genetic methods for inferring evolutionary history are ill-suited for polygenic traits: when there are many variants of small effect, signatures of natural selection are spread across the genome and are subtle at any one locus. In the last several years, various methods have emerged for detecting the action of natural selection on polygenic scores, sums of genotypes weighted by GWAS effect sizes. However, most existing methods do not reveal the timing or strength of selection. Here, we present a set of methods for estimating the historical time course of a population-mean polygenic score using local coalescent trees at GWAS loci. These time courses are estimated by using coalescent theory to relate the branch lengths of trees to allele-frequency change. The resulting time course can be tested for evidence of natural selection. We present theory and simulations supporting our procedures, as well as estimated time courses of polygenic scores for human height. Because of its grounding in coalescent theory, the framework presented here can be extended to a variety of demographic scenarios, and its usefulness will increase as both GWAS and ancestral-recombination-graph inference continue to progress.
Breves reflexiones sobre Lugar de Enunciación
Authors: RIBEIRO Djamila
Published: November 2018

Breves reflexiones sobre “¿O que é Lugar de Fala?”
Breaking the siege in the International Relations: international resistance from Palestine and Western Sahara
Authors: CRIVELENTE Moara
Published: November 2018

Palestinian and Saharawi resistance to Israeli and Moroccan military occupation and colonization has taken creative forms, inevitably engaging internationally, while Palestinians and Sahrawis endeavor to disseminate their own narratives. For instance, alternative media and social networks are added to the means used to break both physical and informational siege, against editorial limitations or political alliances that dictate how news stories are framed or silenced and how struggles are legitimized or vilified, either they use violent tactics or not. This paper tackles Palestinian and Saharawi resistance as a dispute and expansion of spaces of international solidarity, and to address them it brings recent experiences. Such expansion happens especially through alternative means of communication, but also through growing political and academic engagement from various levels and disciplines, especially but not only from general social sciences, International Relations (IR) and International Law (IL). Moreover, state and international civil society actors get involved not only due to ethical concerns with human rights violations but also as a direct engagement in struggles for liberation. Hence, spaces in which Palestinian, Saharawi and international activists promote resistance are addressed here as an ongoing dispute for the international arena, drawing contributions from IR and IL.
Spectral Properties of Single-Stranded Viral DNA Fragment
Authors: Kudrya V. Yu. , Yashchuk V. M. , Naumenko A. P. , Mely Y. , Udod T. V. , Kreminska Yu. S.
Published: November 2018

This article presented the results of investigations of the optical absorption (at 300 K) and steady-state and time-resolved luminescence (at 78 K) of (–)PBS and (+)PBS oligonucleotides. (–)PBS is the DNA form of the minus primer binding site (5′GTCCCTGTTCGGGCGCCA3′) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)genome, and (+)PBS (3′CAGGGACAAGCCCGCGGT5′) is its complementary sequence [1]. The optical absorption spectra of (–)PBS and (+)PBS do not coincide with the correspondent equimolar sums of the spectra of nucleotides that are in their composition. The difference between them at 295 nm is related to the existence of some stable complex between bases (possibly, G-complexes). The fluorescence spectral bands of (–)PBS and (+)PBS are close to each other and to the band of oligonucleotide investigated by us in [2]. In our opinion, the (–)PBS and (+)PBS bands are connected possibly with the fluorescence of some complexes that are manifested in the absorption. The phosphorescence spectral bands of (–)PBS and (+)PBS are close to each other and to the band of dAMP (in the wavelength interval 370–470 nm). The difference between the (–)PBS/(+)PBS and dAMP phosphorescence spectra (at 530 nm) is associated with an unknown center (possibly, G-complexes). Thus, the main centers of the triplet excitation capturing in (–)PBS and (+)PBS are A-bases and centers of an unknown nature.
A EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NAS LEIS DE DIRETRIZES E BASES DA EDUCAÇÃO: PONTOS E CONTRAPONTOS
Authors: Medeiros Neta Olivia Morais , Pereira Mônica de Lima , Rocha Sueli Rodrigues , Nascimento Francinaide de Lima Silva
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a educação profissional nas Leis de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB), destacando a visibilidade, direcionamento e assunção desse campo educacional na legislação que estabelece as bases educacionais do Brasil. A metodologia consistiu na categorização das LDB, em articulação com decretos e pareceres, problematizados à luz dos pressupostos teóricos dos autores: Ciavatta (2005); Machado (2013), Manfredi (2002), Moura (2007), Frigotto (2010), entre outros. As categorias analisadas são trabalho e educação, estrutura e organização da educação profissional, formação humana e formação docente. Os resultados dessa análise possibilitaram a seguinte conclusão: a educação profissional não foi priorizada em benefício do desenvolvimento social, mas sim do capital, uma vez que os interesses das empresas privadas e do desenvolvimento econômico se sobressaíram nas políticas públicas educacionais; as Leis n. 4.024/61, 5.692/71 e 9.394/96 mantiveram a dualidade estrutural, portanto, a formação humana integral, apesar de ser referida nas LDB, não se materializou na prática; no tocante à formação docente, predominou uma reticência nas LDB, com o objetivo de não comprometer o Estado com o necessário investimento financeiro que esse tema exige, dada as especificidades do campo da educação profissional.
Phytogeographical Affinities of Tree Species of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India
Authors: SAHU Sudam Charan , MOHANTA Manas R. , BISWAL Anil K.
Published: November 2018

The phytogeography of Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR), Odisha, India, reveals very interesting information on distribution of tree species.  Phytogeographical affinities of tree species of SBR has been analysed by obtaining the information about the species distribution at local and global scale. A total of 240 tree species were recorded and their phytogeographical affinities were compiled with different countries of the globe. An analysis of the affinities revealed that SBR has strong affinity with Sri-Lanka (46.66%) and Myanmar (45.83%) followed by China, Malaysia, Thailand, Australia and Africa. SBR has also affinity with Himalayan vegetation possessing several trees and orchids find distribution in both the areas. The phytogeographical affinity of SBR supports the migration, establishment and naturalization of flora from/to SBR. This hypothesis needs further study for biogeographical mapping of Indian sub-continent.