bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Ice Specimens Reinforced in the Middle Section with Thin-Walled Pipes Made of Polymeric Materials
Authors: Vasilyev A S , Zemlyak V L , Kozin V M
Published: February 2022

The paper is devoted to the construction of road crossings on the territory of the Arctic shelf and the Extreme North (Far North), as well as on the Siberian and Far Eastern rivers in winter. That is going to contribute to reducing logistic costs from cargo shipping down the ice surface significantly. In this research, the authors examine ice-based composites, where thin-walled polyvinyl chloride pipes are placed in the middle of the sample cross-section as a reinforcer. Two types of pipes were tested: vent white and orange sewer (drain) ones. While doing several series of model experiments, the researchers find out that the load-bearing capacity of ice samples reinforced with these pipes show very much the same results. So it was decided to combine the averaged model experiments with these pipes into one concluding result. The mechanical characteristics of ice were figured out by crushing samples of ice prisms that are 60 cm long, with a cross-section size of 15x15 cm. The aim of the paper is to define the influence of thin-walled polyvinylchloride pipes on the plastic properties and load-bearing capacity of ice samples when they are being reinforced. The test results prove that when reinforced with a pipe, it is destructed more gradually, and the deformations before the destruction have greater values. However, the thin-walled SN2 and SN4 pipes add nothing to increasing load-bearing capacity, unlike the SN8 sample, which increased the load-bearing capacity by about 10%. Therefore, the reinforced mid-section of ice samples with thin-walled PVC pipes marginally increased the plasticity of the samples, without the marked increase in the load-bearing capacity.
Historical Overview of Infilled Shell Structures in Construction Practice
Authors: Tsimbelman N Y , Chernova T I , Redko V S
Published: February 2022

The evolution of engineering solutions related to the use of closed shells in construction is shown. Examples of formation of structures from shells with filler are given depending on the historical stage of development of construction technologies. The reasons why the considered structure entered the practice of engineering design are displayed. Versions of combination of infilled shells in structure are shown, as well as examples of built structures and advantages of used structures from infilled shells.
Application of a Software and Hardware Complex to Improve the Operational Reliability of Water Pipelines
Authors: Bandurina I P , Bandurin M A , Prikhodko I A
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the issues of using a software and hardware complex to improve the operational reliability of water supply pipelines. The use of a software and hardware complex allows us to automate operational monitoring, and most importantly, significantly speed up the inspection of water supply pipelines for defects and damage by non-destructive testing methods, detect decompression and subsidence of soil around them. With its help, it is possible to characterize various parameters of defects and damages, as well as calculate the predicted residual life of their elements, and the geometric parameters of each defect, namely, the location, depth, width, height, as well as the operational assessment of the residual life, which consists in predicting the total number of freezing and thawing cycles that have passed during the period of operation and remained until the loss of bearing capacity of reinforced concrete elements of water pipelines.
Determining the Optimum Geometric Shape for Web Opening of Wide Flange Beams using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Padunan K R R , Estores G B
Published: February 2022

In the field of civil engineering, the priority of a structural engineer is the safeness and stability of each structural element present in the structure. However, there were some concerns with regards to easy access and flexibility of the utilities such as electrical and mechanical systems. In response to these concerns, web opening was introduced to wide flanges to give way for the utilities, provided that the strength and durability of the structure will not be compensated. This study aims to obtain the optimum geometric shape of web opening for wide flange beams with regards to its performance for bending stress. The web opening on the wide flanges was designed first based on the parameters of the web opening. Then, the effects of circular, square, hexagonal and elliptical web openings were analyzed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Three varying support conditions in each opening case were used and analyzed using nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analysis in the finite element modeling software called Abaqus. During the FEA, deflection control method was used to obtain the value of force and stress upon reaching the deflection control value. Values of maximum stress and maximum force for each case were then obtained from the analysis, were used as factors for the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which will define which shapes performed the best under specific conditions. Results obtained from RSM showed that considering value of the stress and deflection from nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analysis, elliptical web opening produced the largest force and smallest stress. Thus, elliptical web opening, considering bending stress, performed better compared to the other web openings.
Finite Element Study on Forming Helical Springs by Wire Bending with a Plate
Authors: Fann K J
Published: February 2022

Coil springs, widely used as mechanical elements, will enter another new production outlook due to the application of CNC wire bending machines and as the era of On-Demand Manufacturing is approaching. This article tries to follow the trend and use finite element analysis investigating parameters, such as the angle, shift distance, and wire diameter, applied in a CNC bending machine with a swivel plate as the die on the formed cylindrical helical coil springs. The results show that the angle of the swivel plate normal to the wire feeding direction and shift distance have a significant effect on the spring diameter, while the wire diameter has a significant effect on the spring pitch. The result will be used as a reference for the industry to develop On-Demand Manufacturing machinery applications in the future.
Influence of the construction stages analysis on the distribution of displacement and forces in columns of reinforced columns tall buildings
Authors: Boiadjieva Raina
Published: February 2022

The increasing construction of tall buildings in the world, as well as in Bulgaria, defines the desire for a more precise study of this type of structures. To satisfying this necessity, the possibility of carrying out nonlinear analysis of structures is included in many software packages. The question of the proper definition of material characteristics and the application of computational software in the design of structures with consideration of the stages of construction remains open. In addition to purely research, the problem has also a practical application related to the increasing number of tall buildings at different stages of design and construction. The issue of more accurate modeling of the behavior of tall buildings is discussed, with a focus on the distribution of forces and displacements in columns. A computational model of a tall building is considered. The distribution of forces and displacements in a computational model that accounts for the stages of construction is compared to one in which such consideration is not included. A comparison of the forces and displacements in representative sections of the columns in the two modeling options is presented as a result. Finally, general conclusions and recommendations for the research and design of tall buildings with reinforced concrete structure are given.
Vibration Fatigue Analysis of Interface Enclosure with Cantilever Structure for Charging Commercial Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hee Park Chan , Ho Ryu Shin , Dam Cha Jung , Ho Kim Gwang
Published: February 2022

The interface enclosure for charging commercial electric vehicle (CEV), which is an alternative to the fuel filler of internal combustion engine vehicle, was studied. It supplies the power and the communication signal for charging between the power supply (EVSE) and the battery. It should be long to match the exterior of the vehicle for easy charging, and it requires space between the vehicle frame and the enclosure to connect the charging cable. In order to design the interface enclosure with the cantilever structure which is vulnerable to vibration, analysis-based design through vibration fatigue analysis was conducted, and the reliability of analysis results was reviewed through experiments.
An Insight into High Entropy Alloys with a Focus on Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Moiduddin K , Abidi MH , Siddiquee AN , Mian SH , Mohammed MK
Published: February 2022

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have established an unprecedented stronghold in the domain of metallurgy in a relatively short span of time. The incoming era of engineering materials is expected to consist chiefly of these alloys, and therefore the research in this domain is ongoing extensively. Therefore, HEAs have been comprehensively discussed in the present work, covering from the fundamentals of entropy stabilization to the effect of microstructural modification on specific properties such as wear, creep and fatigue strength. The evolution of HEAs has been elucidated, along with the applications, characterization techniques for their identification and scrutiny. The methods for fabrication of HEAs such as arc melting, magnetron sputtering, laser cladding etc. are included inclusively. Importantly, the role of friction stir processing (FSP) in the advancement of HEAs has been elaborated. FSP induces further heterogeneity in the HEAs, which help to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off. The intricate effect of FSP on micro-structural modification and the consequent effect on mechanical properties has been studied through the light of literature available on such investigations.
Assessment and Enhancementofthe Manufacturing Productivity through Discrete Event Simulation
Authors: Alsaadi Naif
Published: February 2022

A balanced and resource-efficient assembly line plays a pivotal role in deciding the profit or loss of an industry. In automotive industries, the productivity of the specific materials is highly dependent on several explanatory variables and the processing operations. Moreover, in this 21st century, simulation is considered a powerful and cost-efficient tool for the designing and analysis of manufacturing operations. Therefore, in this research work, a case-study-based assessment of the assembly line in an automotive component vendor company has been proposed through the study of discrete events. Different processing operations are analyzed in terms of the productivity and effective utilization of available resources. The proposed model is set up by taking actual data using time study techniques from each workstation and process along the production line. All the processes, starting from the arrival of raw materials, forging, to the packing of final products are studied and their data is used to set up a model in software. A detailed statistical distribution of the data urged us to simulate the working area in the virtual environment under the different scenarios to define the bottlenecks. The simulation results have elaborated the realistic sense and meaningful contribution towards the performance enhancement of all the processes involved in the production line. Interestingly, Discrete event simulation has helped us to increase productivity as well as reduce the cost by eradicating the less used resources of the assembly line. Based on the results obtained, it is highly recommended to utilize the proposed methodology in the production system for acquiring better-quality and cost-effective products.
Performance Comparison of Variants Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithm of Mathematical and Structural Optimization
Authors: Tran Van Phuc , Huynh Van Thu , Tangaramvong Sawekchai
Published: February 2022

In this paper, three different variants of the canonical particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are compared in terms of their optimal solutions to engineering optimization problems. The PSO often face to premature convergence due to its weak capability in local exploitation, which leads to a low optimization precision or even failure. Moreover, the computational burden is also one of the obstacles for the PSO when solving complex problems. To overcome these drawbacks, the original PSO algorithm is integrated with the knowledge sharing and auxiliary mechanisms of comprehensive learning (CL) and Gaussian local search (GLS) strategies to form the so-called GLS-PSO, CLPSO, and GLS-CLPSO algorithms. To demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the three variants, their performance is tested on a benchmark spatial truss structure with continuous variables. The obtained optimization results are then compared with those by other PSO variants in the literature.
Fabrication and characterization of e-glass composites cylindrical tubes using three different methods
Authors: Ganesh Kumar K. , Lau Z.L. , Megat Ahmad M.M.H. , Yuhazri M Y
Published: February 2022

The mechanical properties of the composites might have variations due to their manufacturing methods. In this paper, the glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite tubes are fabricated by using three different methods which are hands lay-up, vacuum bagging, and compression molding. The tensile properties such as the tensile strength, Young modulus, and the tensile response of thermal spiking were determined by carrying out the tensile testing. The test was conducted according to ASTM D3039 standard. The specimens were undergone heat treatment with 50°C, 100°C, and 150°C before undergoing the test. All the results were compared with the untreated specimen at room temperature. The untreated compression molding fabricated composite has obtained the highest tensile strength with a value of 273.518 MPa. The tensile strength of all types of specimens starts to reduce when the treatment temperature reaches to 150°C. The performance in terms of the specimen’s tensile properties shows that the compression molding method is the best approach.
A review on transition metal oxides based nanocomposites, their synthesis techniques, different morphologies and potential applications
Authors: Yadav S , Rani N , Saini K
Published: February 2022

In the field of nanotechnology and nanoscience, transition metal oxides based nanocomposites (TMONCs) are promising for various application uses such as Supercapacitors, Sensors, Bactericidal properties, Photocatalytic Degradation, Solar Cells etc. Modification of transition metal oxide nanoparticles (TMONPs) to TMONCs by doping/mixing of another transition metal and metal oxide, carbon based nanoparticles, conducting polymers etc. to achieve enhanced surface area, increasing surface activities or number of active surface sites, reducing electron-hole recombination, increasing charge transfer processes etc. have been reported in literature. These improved properties are the possible reason for the enhancement in its practical applications efficiencies. This review summarizes recent development on transition metal oxides based nanocomposites for different potential applications. Also synthesis methods of transition metal oxide based nanocomposites have obtained an increasing attractions to achieve cost effectiveness and environment friendly routes of synthesis with high rate of production, high yield of product and also less toxic waste production. Transition metal oxides nanocomposites have been fabricated by various methods such as Microwave assisted synthesis technique, Sol-Gel method, Biosynthesis method, Co-precipitation process, Simple Chemical method etc. Different morphologies of transition metal oxides based nanocomposites have been summarized in this review article.

Herein, this paper discuss about several reported synthesis techniques, various characterization techniques used for structural and surface properties identifications, different morphologies and various potential applications of transition metal oxide based nanocomposites.
Flexural and shear strength properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite interleaved with recycled carbon fiber and short virgin aramid fiber non-woven mats
Authors: Attahu C Y , Yang J , Wong KH , Thein C K
Published: February 2022

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) are one of the most widely used composite types and wastes associated with them (CFRPs) get generated through either their manufacturing or end-of-service-life. Predominately due to environmental concerns and governmental regulations, recycling these CFRPs is needed and to make use of the recycled carbon fibers (rCFs), a wet paper-making technique was used to convert the rCFs into a 60 g/m2non-woven mat. For comparison purposes, the same technique was used to convert short virgin aramid fibers (vAFs) into a 60 g/m 2 non-woven mat. Each mat was sandwiched with two resin films and then interleaved with 12-ply unidirectional (UD) prepreg tapes (carbon/epoxy). The assemblage was molded into composite laminates using a vacuum bagging assisted compression molding technique, and the samples for the tests were cut using a waterjet machine accordingly. Compared with the control, the results indicate an increment in the flexural modulus, and the specific flexural modulus for the CFRPs with non-woven mats: the flexural modulus increased by approximately 8.2% and 12.0% for the CFRP with rCF and vAF mats, respectively; the specific flexural modulus increased around 9.5% and 13.3%, respectively for the CFRP with rCF and vAF mats. On the other hand, the shear strength approximately decreased by 6.4% and 6.0% for the CFRP with rCF and vAF mats, respectively. The negative shear strength performances of the composite laminates with non-woven mats reflected on their flexural strength performances: the flexural strength increased about 1.1% and decreased by approximately 7.9% for the CFRP with vAF and rCF mats, respectively. To resolve the negative shear strength performances, it is recommended that the surfaces of the mats be treated with a coupling agent to improve their interfacial adhesions.
Performance optimization of operating parameters: Al 6061-Red Mud composite under sliding wear
Authors: Panwar N , Bala S , Chauhan A
Published: February 2022

Aluminium 6061-red mud composite has been fabricated by using stir casting method. Uniform distribution of red-mud particles has been observed by Scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy confirms presence of constituent elements of red mud. Wear testing of samples has been done on pin-on-disk type wear tester. The weight loss due to wear first decrease then increase with increasing percentage reinforcement. From experimentation, authors have found that the weight loss first decreases and then increase with aging time. Also, weight loss increases with applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance. In ANOVA analysis, the variables: load and sliding distance are found significant while particle size, aging time, percentage reinforcement and sliding velocity are not found significant. The order of significance is load, sliding distance, percentage reinforcement, sliding speed, aging time and particle size. Optimum value of weight loss is predicted by using Taguchi technique and confirmed by experimentally obtained results.
A fuzzy logic approach for investigating the tribological behavior of polymer composite
Authors: Jagadeesh G V , Teja Rakesh Kumar T , Aneesh T Sai , Dheeraj Srinivas N , Harish V , Ravi Kumar A
Published: February 2022

The application spectrum of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites has been increasing tremendously because of enhanced tribologicalbehavior. The present study investigates the wear and coefficient of friction of castor oil fiber reinforced composites for developing as new tribo-material. Composites with 40 vol.% with short fiber length of 5mm were fabricated by hand lay-up method. The tribology tests were performed with pin on disc tribometer at normal loads (15N, 30N & 45N) and sliding distances (1000m, 2000m & 3000m). A fuzzy logic model has been developed to predict and analyze the wear and friction characteristics at unknown test cases. Each input variable was divided into three linguistic variables and each output variable was divided into five linguistic variables. A triangular membership function was used for defining all the variables. The capabilities of fuzzy logic model were tested by confirmatory experiments. The model predicted the wear results with an error of 3.12% and coefficient of friction by 2.19%.
Investigation of Self-heating Effects in Ultrathin FDSOI MOSFETS
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Rana Ashwani K.
Published: February 2022

This paper contains the design consideration of 18nm FDSOI MOSFET for mitigating the self-heating effects. As the device scaling reaches towards the nano regime, self-heating effects are quite significant. Increase in the lattice temperature will lead to decrease in the mobility and degradation of the drain current. Self-heating effects are investigated in FDSOI MOSFET by comparing different physical parameter variations like gate length, spacer thickness, buried oxide thickness and source/drain/metal contacts. It is being observed that the heat sinks used as metal contacts can reduce lattice temperature up to 62% and spacer size thickness can reduce it by 10%. However the buried oxide box thickness and gate length modifications do not have considerable impact on the self-heating.
MXene based Heterostructures for electrode materials of Batteries: A Review
Authors: Shanto M. A. H. , Chowdhury M.I. , Antu A.B , Niloy Naimur R. , Alam N. , Ullah M.A. , Anowar M.S.
Published: February 2022

Growing concerns about fossil fuel’s environmental impact, along with the recent breakthrough of electric vehicles, have turned research focus to energy storage solutions. Despite the fact that batteries were invented about 200 years ago, modern technologies are required to store energy in a larger grid with a high density. The electrode materials used in energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors play a major role in their overall performance. A lot of materials have been explored but due to appealing electrical and electrochemical properties, MXene has received a lot of interest for energy storage devices. Because of their layered structure and high conductivity, MXenes are promising candidates for energy storage applications. Two-dimensional heterostructured materials are more advantageous than individual building blocks for batteries and supercapacitors. In this review work, we looked at different MXene based heterostructures and their electrochemical performance as electrode materials of batteries. A particular application of MXene in Lithium-ion batteries has been studied. Synthesis and characteristics of MXenes are briefly discussed here. Finally, future prospects and challenges are highlighted.
Exergy modeling and simulation of a horizontal concentric tube heat exchanger
Authors: Upadhyay Ankit , Gour Sankalp , Kumar Ankul , Kumar Deepak , Tiwari Aseem Chandra
Published: February 2022

The present study deals with the exergy modeling and simulation of a horizontal concentric tube heat exchanger. In this context, a fundamental thermodynamics-based exergy model is developed here to predict the irreversibility and entropy generation numberfor various fluid flow arrangements of a concentric tube heat exchanger. To develop the same, a second law of thermodynamics-based approach is utilized. Additionally, a finite volume method-based simulation of the same heat exchanger is also performed using a computer-aided engineering software named ANSYS R15.0. At last, the analytical and simulation results are compared and validated with experimental results, and a good agreement is achieved.
DFT Investigations of BeSnN2 Chalcopyrite Compound for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Lathwal Sanjay , Gaur Aditi , Khan Karina , Goyal Sunil Kumar , Soni Amit , Sahariya Jagrati
Published: February 2022

The ternary chalcopyrite compounds are a very renowned category to perform the theoretical investigation in order to find out a proper and apt compound for optoelectronic application. Solar cell is a very interesting field to compensate the energy supplying needs in place of other electricity generating sources. Several semiconductor compounds have been investigated and amongst them we have done a theoretical investigation of pure BeSnN2 using DFT based computational tool i.e. Wien2k. The exchange correlation used for our study is Perdew Burke Ernzerhoff: Generalized Gradient Approximation (PBE-GGA). We have done electronic and optical investigation of the compound using the basic lattice parameters and other essential input parameters. The investigation has offered a bandgap of 1.005 eV which is suitable to quote for the optoelectronic applications. Optical properties like absorption, dielectric tensor (both real and imaginary), refraction and reflection have been investigated.
Effect of Alkyl Substitution to the Active Layer Material for Improved Efficiency in Bilayer Organic Solar Cell
Authors: Rugma S , Devu B , Sreekala C O
Published: February 2022

Organic based thin film solar cells have achieved considerable power conversion efficiency (PCE). As there is a desire to the benefits of on-demand energy production, future world energy consumption will continue to rise. Bilayer organic solar cell has two active layers in between conductive electrodes. Present report, is a simulation study to compare the PCE of bilayer organic solar cells by varying one of its active layer material using General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model or GPVDM software. The materials used for active layer are MEH-M3EH-PPV, MEH-DOO-PPV, MEH-PPV and M3EH-PPV based on the degree of alkyl substitutions. Data of absorption spectrum, refractive index spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum are added as input and obtained the simulation results. Values of power conversion efficiencies, fill factor and other photovoltaic parameter values for each bilayer organic solar cell is obtained. Transmittance spectrum, reflectance spectrum, Current density-Voltage plot, variation of charge density and total charge density with applied voltage are attained from the simulation and compared. The results give out effect of side chain alkyl substitution on efficiency of bilayer organic solar cell. MEH-DOO-PPV with longest alkyl side chain substitution has maximum power conversion efficiency. This intuition helps to design suitable bilayer organic solar cell, which has got its relevant applications in the optoelectronics.
Raman Photoluminescence - An Efficient way to distinguish Natural diamonds and Lab Grown diamonds
Authors: Akesh Kumar G. , Prabavathy N. , Biswal Laxmidhar
Published: February 2022

The advancements in Science and Technology introduced Lab grown diamonds (LGDs) that meet with diverse applications. The LGD’s possess similar electrical, optical and mechanical characteristics compared to natural diamonds mined from earth. There is a possibility of LGDs infiltration in the Natural diamond pipeline in the jewellery industry. Hence, it becomes crucial to detect LGDs. The present article illustrates the importance of Raman Photoluminescence over absorption spectroscopy and Fluorescence/Phosphorescence imaging for identification of diamond nature. In the current work, a single Laser source of 532 nm was used to obtain the distinct molecular information of Natural diamonds and Lab Grown diamonds.
Up-conversion and Tunable Up-conversion Emission from Nitrogen Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Siddique A B , Prasad K L V , Joseph S M , Kishore D , Das B , Mubarak S , Mukhuti K , Ray M
Published: February 2022

In amidst of conflicts of opinion regarding the presence of up-conversion in carbonaceous nanostructure. We have critically and precisely asserted that there is a real up-conversion in the nitrogen functionalized graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), which is found to be its inherent feature and not a measurement artefact. We have demonstrated that NGQDs exhibit real up-conversion in the blue-green region. To define the perspective of the study a variant of GQDs, NGQDs was synthesized using facile, one-pot synthetic methods. We have critically examined the up-conversion emission in NGQDs, interestingly, N-GQDs exhibited very superior optical properties such as high quantum yield of 97%, up-conversion emission at 535 nm and tunable up-conversion that exhibited a red shift of 12 nm. The two-photon excitation process is the governing phenomenon behind the real up-conversion in NGQDs which is suggested by the quadratic dependence of the integrated intensity on excitation power. Up-conversion can enhance the efficiency of the photovoltaic solar cell by even converting infrared region of sunlight to electricity. Moreover, tunable up-conversion open the door for promising applications of NGQDs in tunable fibre lasers, multicolour displays and multiphoton optical data storage.
Focusing of Radially polarized Light Using Gaussian laser beam Near its focal length
Authors: Endale Getu , Mohan Devendra , Yadav Sandeep
Published: February 2022

The Richards-Wolf diffraction model is used to examine focusing of RPGB radially polarized Gaussian beam of low & large numerical aperture. The longitudinally polarized component becomes predominant at high numerical aperture and high radius. Numerical calculations for varied beam characteristics, numerical aperture (NA), and beam radius (θ
0) show the total optical intensity distribution in the focal region. The whole optical intensity distribution in the focal region is illustrated using numerical computations for various beam parameters, numerical aperture (NA), and beam radius (θ
0)The suggested technique appears to produce subwavelength focal spot of o.51λ& significant focal depth of 21λ. Optical trapping, data storage, biomedical imaging, laser cutting, microscopy, and the manipulation of optical traps with high refractive index particles can all benefit from such beams with a small spot size and large focal depth.
Integrating Silicon In Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon For Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Sharma Preetika , Sapra Gaurav
Published: February 2022

Solar power is not only free but also infinite and use of solar energy indeed has many advantages. Thus, solar technologies are greatly studied for producing low cost and better versions of existing devices that can be integrated in the existing photovoltaic (PV) systems. Many such devices like the solar powered curtains and clothes, cases for laptop and other electronic products are being produced. Silicon today is of course being used rapidly as a PV material for solar cell. However, a continuous effort has been made to use graphene for high efficiency solar cell applications and its use. Graphene on the other hand, is not very good at collecting the electrical current produced inside the solar cell but researchers are looking appropriately on this material. Many ways to modify graphene for this purpose are being studied. Solar cell requires semiconductor materials for exhibiting photovoltaic effect. As graphene is zero band gap material, hence, armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNR) that are semiconducting are being looked up for solar cell applications. Therefore, in this present work, various attempts have been made to investigate the electronic bandgap by using AGNRs in solar cells. The in-depth analysis of electronic properties has been done where band structure, density of states and geometrical stability on the basis of transmission of energy has been examined. Further, AGNR doping with silicon has been performed in which we have replaced the carbon with silicon. Initially, we started with one-silicon atom as a dopant and then went upto 4 silicon as dopant and the variations has been compared. Thus, through this analysis, the use of doped AGNRs in solar cells is investigated.
FEA simulations of Lower Limb Prosthetics
Authors: Singh Jashan Jyot , Mehta Jaswinder Singh , Kumar Rajesh , Sapra Gaurav
Published: February 2022

Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to study the characteristics of various objects in different working condition for imitating real life like scenarios. The present work describes an overview of FEM simulations for lower limb prosthetics. The review will give a deep insight for stress interface and load distribution on the residual limb. It enables prosthetists to design the socket for effective functional performance. The study suggests that outcomes through FEA simulations under test conditions is needed It has been observed that predicted outcomes using FEA were in agreement with the experimental measurements. Further, the study suggests that outcomes of the FEA analysis under test conditions may be validated through GAIT cycle.
Wearable Human Motion Monitoring Using Vertical Contact Separation Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Kaur Akshpreet , Gupta Ankur , Ying Cuifeng , Rahmani Mohsen , Sapra Gaurav
Published: February 2022

Wearable human motion monitoringhas become an integral part of the paradigm shift that is on the horizon in the field of healthcare for a wide variety of biomedical applications. In recent years, there has been incessant advancement in smart wearable technology capable of human motion monitoring ranging from strain sensors to piezoelectrics. This paper proposes to fabricate a Triboelectric Nanogenerator based on Vertical Contact Separation (VCS) mode with design characteristics offlexibility, low cost, simple and easy to fabricate design for real - time monitoring of human body movements. The output performance of fabricated VCS - TENG is analysed by finger tapping. In order to conduct human motion monitoring, VCS - TENG is affixed on different body parts, and the corresponding signal is analysed. The developed prototype can be further integrated with advanced electronics to deliver promising technology in the field of healthcare diagnostics and monitoring.
Dual band compact antenna design using DCSRR
Authors: Ambika  , Mohamed Humaidh M. , Kowshic S. , Mohamed Afrath S. , Abdul Rahman M.Z.
Published: February 2022

Wireless communication technology has revolutionised the way people interact all around the world. The rate of access and the accuracy of the information conveyed have increased as technology and gadgets have advanced. Multi-frequency systems and devices are the results of the requirement for mobility and the integration of several radio modules into this kind of device. Due to the limited area, integrating many antennas and a diplexer into a single device is very challenging. This means an advanced antenna design must be simple, small, and simple to incorporate in addition to being dual or multiband capable. Microstrip printed antennas are the most promising alternative for use in small systems due to its various features such as low profile, compact configuration, simplicity of integration, and low fabrication cost. There are many techniques to make an antenna operate in multiband such as by incorporating structures like complementary split ring resonator(CSRR), SRS (split ring slot), SRR (split ring resonator) etc., dual polarization method, loading of metamaterial. The DCSRR (D shape complementary split ring resonator) is inserted into the antenna patch to enable multiband operation. So, in this paper, to achieve dual band response using this method, which supports Wi-Fi and C band applications at frequencies of 5.8 GHz and 7.1 GHz, respectively. In the suggested work, a good gain of about 1.98 dB at 5.8 GHz and 2.27 dB at 7.1 GHz was obtained, as well as an efficiency of 80 percent and 81 percent at the relevant frequencies. This characteristic has been achieved without compromising on the compact miniaturized size of antenna, which is 12 x 12 x 1.6 mm3.
Study of the Proton Irradiation Effects in n-FZ DSSD for the Si Tracker at R3B Experiment
Authors: Chatterjee Puspita , Saini Nitu , Patyal Shilpa , Kaur Balwinder , Michael Thresia , Raheja Sonia , Srivastava Ajay K.
Published: February 2022

The R3B collaboration aims to assemble an experimental setup with high resolution and efficiency to perform kinematically complete measurements of reactions with high-energy RIBs (radioactive ion beams). In the R3B experimental setup, the silicon tracker is positioned closest to the target region and can provide high-resolution position measurements of light-charged particles like protons. The three layers of the silicon tracker are constructed with a total of 30 Si double-sidedstrip detectors (DSSD). In this paper, as an option of 23 MeV proton irradiated n-type Float-Zone(Fz)Si double-sidedstrip detector (DSSD) havebeen considered, and by taking the two-trapproton irradiation damage model, the bulk damage effect and the macroscopic performance of the Sidouble-sidedstrip detector (DSSD) have been discussed. The detector is irradiated with three values of proton fluences (equivalent to 1Mev neutron fluence): 2×1014,5×1014 and 8×1014 cm-2. By using the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination (SRH) formulation, the full depletion voltage and leakage current have been measured as a function of the irradiation dose, finally the device and process parameters and specifications for the Si double-sidedstrip detector (DSSD) used in the R3B silicon tracker experimenthavebeen proposed.
Metamaterial-Based Miniaturized DGS Antenna for wireless Applications
Authors: Singh Jaget , Lohar Fateh Lal
Published: February 2022

In this article, metamaterial based miniaturized DGS (Defective Ground Structure) antenna is presented. Initially conventional antenna is designed for 2.4 GHz and by using DGS method, the same conventional antenna size is reduced upto 50% of initial design. But antenna gain down due to DGS in antenna structure. By using metamaterial as a reflector, the antenna gain can be enhanced. The antenna and metamaterial are designed on Rogers RT5880 and Teflon Ceramic TF-1/2 (εr = 10.2, tanδ = 0.001) respectively. All simulation results are carried out by using EM simulator CST software and for the operating frequency of 2.415 GHz a gain of 6.28dB is observed.
Numerical Studies on Mode I Delamination and its Effect on the Vibrational Characteristics in Fibre Metal Laminates
Authors: Kali Naresh , Korla Srikanth
Published: February 2022

Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) afford the notable advances over ongoing composite materials for aerospace and automotive applications due to their low weight and outstanding mechanical properties. Nevertheless, FMLs are prone to damages during manufacturing and loading conditions. Double cantilever beam (DCB) and vibration test are the commonly used tools to assess fracture energy values and the level of damage influence on the material properties respectively. Therefore, this paper aims at correlating the numerical validation of mode I delamination with already published experimental data by Y.Pan et.al and study the influence of delamination under free vibration analysis of Magnesium (Mg AZ31) alloy based fibre metal laminates. For the presented model, the numerical values showed good acceptance with the experimental values of DCB test. It was also further observed that there is significant reduction in natural frequency due to delamination in the fibre metal laminates.
Biogenic Metal and Metal Oxides Nanoparticles as Anticancer Agent: A Review
Authors: Rani N , Saini K
Published: February 2022

Herein this review we have summarized a number of cytotoxic studies which have been done using various biosynthesized metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) on different cancer cell lines. Plants can serve as a good candidate to provide natural surfactants for the green approach in the preparation of nanoparticles. Numerous bio-molecules are present in the plants. Also, numerous plant extract-based MNPs and MONPs have been synthesized and used in several fields of applications particularly in biomedicine. This property can be attributed because of their low cost, biocompatibility and favourable to the environment. In the past few years, the utilisation of these biogenic nanoparticles has in-creased tremendously particularly in cancer therapy. These biogenic nanoparticles considered as an excellent tool for cancer diagnosis and drug delivery at the tumour site preferentially. By utilising the unique properties of nanoparticles and antioxidant and antitumor nature of plants, these biosynthesised nanoparticles selectively destroy the tumour cells and do not harm the normal healthy cells. In this review, we have compiled the most significant results obtained by the biosynthesized MNPs and MONPs like silver (Ag), gold (Au), Fe2O3/Fe3O4, ZnO, and CuO respectively.
Comparative Study of Chemo-Bio Synthesized Mgo Nanoparticle on Maize Seed Germination
Authors: Kaur Karanpreet , Jayarambabu N , Venkateswara Rao K
Published: February 2022

A nanotechnology is expanding area of research is speedily gaining significance and a prominence interest among the farmers. In the present study, the chemical and green synthesize MgO nanoparticles are used for the treatment of maize seeds germination. The green method is a simple, reducing toxic chemical’s concentration, an eco-friendly and economically viable. Hence, a locally available plant cissus quadrangularis was selected for MgO nanoparticle’s synthesis. The result of XRD, TG/DTA, SEM, TEM, and PSA analysis confirmed formation of MgO nanoparticles. XRD showed the crystalline size of chemical and green synthesized nanoparticles are 25 nm and 24 nm, and the morphology is spherical analysed by SEM. This study is carried out to determine the nanoparticles penetration inside the seed coat, root growth, shoot growth and stimulate the growth hormones. The MgO nanoparticles capability to amplify the dry weight by delivering water to the whole seedling which help to enhance the water nutrient transport and the biomass. The experiment was administered under greenhouse conditions. From the results obtained it is suggested that a green MgO could be used effectively in agricultural fields.
A Mini Review on Application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Namdev Shruti , Kaur Gurmeet
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, Cancer is undoubtedly a consequential and potentially life-threatening illness. In the U.S., Around 1.7 million people discerned with Cancer last year. The application of boron in cancer treatment is applicable as therapy known asBoron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). It is an analeptic technique that depends on the nuclear capture and fission reaction that results in various particles such as Li, He nuclei with their kinetic energy and γ-radiation. These radiations kill the malignant cells in our body without damaging the normal tissue. Boron particles delivered selectively to only malignant cells by minimizing their concentration in normal cells.

In this article, The clinical trials, clinical investigation in Different countries with a different type of Cancer as Lung, Brain, Head/Neck, Hepatic and gastrointestinal. Various delivery methods of Boron agents in the tumor cells recently developed boron delivery agents, and different techniques of their dose distribution explain. In recent years, boron compounds were applied with porphyrin, copolymers, nanoparticles, other peptides, EGRF’s, and Liposomes to intensify their killer properties toward target cancer cells. BNCT is also effectively used for the medication of various kinds of Cancers explained. The purpose of this article is to indicate the intelligible way of BNCT(Reactor-Based) for the treatment of malignant cells.
Green Synthesis of Rod Shaped ZnO using Extract of Origanum majorana Leaf and Investigation for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Saini M , Mushtaq A , Yadav S , Rawat S , Rani Nutan , Gupta K , Saini K
Published: February 2022

In this research article, we have fabricated the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) with help of aqueous extract of leaf of Origanum majorana and studied their antimicrobial activity. Origanum majorana is one of medicinally important plant of Lamiaceae/Labiatae family. Green-approach of NPs has been favoured over traditional synthesis methods, as plant-based extracts have phytochemicals, which are non-toxic and biologically safe. The phytochemicals such as flavonoids, derivatives of phenol and polyphenolic biomolecules are found to be in aqueous leaf extract of Origanum majorana which used as capping and reducing agents. They include many functional groups such as-OH, -C=O and more which improve the physicochemical properties of NPs and consequently affect their targeting towards specific molecules. Plant mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs with fresh leave extract of Origanun majorana is also simple, quick and provides a vast array of functionalised NPs of particular size and morphology. Herein, ZnO NPs have been prepared with 3 mL of 25% (w/v) of leaf extract of Origanum majorana (Maruva). These synthesized NPs have been characterized using PXRD (Powder X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier transform-infra-red spectroscopy), UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) with EDS (Energy dispersive spectroscopy). UV-Visible spectrum shows maximum absorbance at 379.75 nm and energy band gap have been evaluated 2.84 eV using tauc plot. Obtained PXRD pattern shows hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure which is similar as reported in the literature (JCPDS No-36-1451). The morphology of synthesized NPs has been obtained with SEM images. These NPs are rod shaped with width calculated approximately 90 nm-125 nm and length 0.5μm-1.2μm respectively. The EDS analysis shows the 51.41% of zinc (Zn) and 48.49% of oxygen (O)elemental composition of fabricated nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity has been performed on gram negative and gram positive microbes with the help of broth dilution method. These synthesized NPs shows very great bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) have been investigated 175μg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 125 μg/mL for Escherichia coli and 100 μg/mL for both the Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae respectively.
Synthesis and characterization of Graphene Oxide and its reduction with different reducing agents
Authors: Bansal Karan , Singh Jagdeep , Dhaliwal A. S.
Published: February 2022

-The present work reports the simplistic formation of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by oxidizing graphite powder with the 9:1 volume combination of concentrated sulfuric acid/and ortho-phosphoric acid (H2SO4/H3PO4) in the company of KMnO4 as an oxidant. The acid combination solution of H2SO4/H3PO4 produces the improved oxidized hydrophilic GO without any evolution of hazardous gases instead of only H2SO4, which differentiates this procedure from the Hummers’ method. Then, the synthesized GO is diminished to rGO by employing various reducers namely hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride and, ascorbic acid through the chemical route. The properties of synthesized materials have been investigated by diverse investigative systems that are X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy and, Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) which approved its high crystallinity and reduction of GO into rGO. EDS analysis confirms that the carbon to oxygen ratio is higher in rGO prepared by using hydrazine hydrate in comparison to rGO made by using sodium borohydride and ascorbic acid which reveals the good reducing capability of hydrazine hydrate. Hence, it may be concluded that the rGO synthesized by the reduction of GO in the presence of hydrazine hydrate is better as compared to others and it is expected that the synthesized material may be used for various applications.