bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of Activated Carbon Electrode for Energy Storage Application in Supercapacitors via KOH Activation of Waste Termite Biomass
Authors: Kalu-Uka Godwin Mong , Kumar Shubham , Kalu-Uka Abraham Chinedu , Vikram Shruti , Ihekweme Gina Odochi , Ranjan Nishant , Anosike-Francis Esther Nneka , Prajapati Gaurav , Nduba Anayo , Onwualu Azikiwe Peter , Kumar Sandeep
Published: July 2021

The devastating effects of termites on wood and the contribution of termite activities to the rising levels of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 constitute a serious threat to global economy and the ozone layer. In order to stall the contribution of termites to the rising levels of greenhouse gases, this work considers the conversion of termite biomass to activated carbon electrode. The waste termite biomass obtained during the production of termite biodiesel was converted to activated carbon electrode by a one-step carbonization-activation process, using potassium hydroxide as activating agent. The optimal specific surface area of the activated carbon was recorded at 900 oC, 9 h and 3:1 KOH-biomass ratio. The surface morphology and functionalization of the activated carbon were examined using the SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman and XPS characterization techniques. The electrochemical performance of the activated carbon electrode was tested in aqueous (1 M H2SO4) and ionic liquid (1 M EMImBF4) electrolytes. Results obtained from cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance experiments showed that the specific capacitance of the activated carbon electrode was higher in 1 M H2SO4 (78 Fg-1 at 0.5 Ag-1) than in 1 M EMImBF4 (53 Fg-1 at 0.5 Ag-1). However, after completing 10, 000 chare-discharge cycles at 10 Ag-1, the activated carbon electrode lost ~ 5% of its specific capacitance in 1 M H2SO4 and ~ 2% of its capacitance in 1 M EMImBF4. Overall, the results showed that waste termite biomass could be valorised in the production of activated carbon for energy storage in supercapacitors.
Association Between Sleep Pattern and Depression in South Korean Adults: Sleep Duration and Sleep Inconsistency Between Weekdays and Weekends
Authors: Kim Nam-Hwa , Lee Bo-Hyun , Cho Young-Woo , Park Yoon Sik , Park Eun-Cheol
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the relationship between sleep duration, inconsistency between weekdays and weekends and depression.MethodsA total of 10,205 participants were included in the 2016 and 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sleep duration over a week was calculated by averaging sleep durations on weekdays and weekends. Sleep duration ratio was defined as sleep duration on weekends divided by that on weekdays and depression as Patient Health Questionnaire scores higher than 5. We stratified the participants by sex and analyzed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsIn men, those who slept more than 9 hours was compared to those who slept between 7 and 7.9 hours. In women, those who slept less than 5.9 hours related to be more depressed. In men who slept for more than 9 hours and over 1.01 times more on weekends than on weekdays showed the highest chance of depression. In women, the highest odds ratio was associated with those who slept less than 5.9 hours and slept more on weekdays than on weekends.ConclusionsIn men, sleep durations that were too short or long were associated with depression. In women, extremely short sleep durations were associated with depression.
The Compensatory Increased BDNF and NGF in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Following Home-based Aerobic Training and Vitamin D Supplementation During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Bahmani Elahe , Hoseini Rastegar , Amiri Ehsan
Published: July 2021

Background: Lifestyle modifications (physical activity and diet) are among the most promising strategies in MS rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of home-based aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: In this randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 38 females with Multiple sclerosis with EDSS: 3-5 (aged 20–40 years with body mass index [BMI] of 25–30 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into four groups: aerobic training + Vitamin D supplementation (AT+Vit D; n=10); aerobic training (AT; n=9); Vitamin D supplementation (Vit D; n=9), and Control (Placebo) (n=10). The AT program consisted of 50-70% of HRMax, 25-40 min/day, three days/wk for eight weeks. Participants in the Vit D group consumed 50000 IU of Vitamin D supplement capsules per week for eight weeks. The data were analyzed through paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance, as well as Tukey's post hoc test at the signification level of P<0.05.Results: BDNF and NGF levels improved significantly from pre-test to post-test within all experimental groups. BDNF and NGF decreased significantly in AT+Vit D, AT, and Vit D compared to C. Also, the results show that the AT+Vit D had significantly lower BDNF and NGF compared to AT (P=0.023 and P=0.011) and Vit D (P=0.001 and P=0.002). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the combination of AT+Vit D improves BDNF and NGF status more effectively than AT or Vit D alone in female Multiple sclerosis patients.
Whole Genome Sequencing of Clinical Samples Reveals Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB) Strains From The Beijing Lineage in Nigeria, West Africa.
Authors: Olawoye Idowu Bolade , Uwanibe Jessica N. , Kunle-Ope Chioma N. , Davies-Bolorunduro Olabisi F. , Abiodun Temitope , Audu Rosemary , Salako Babatunde , Happi Christian
Published: July 2021

Multi-drug (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global public health problem especially in high TB burden countries like Nigeria. Many of these cases are undetected and go on to infect high risk individuals. Clinical samples from positive rifampicin resistant Xpert®MTB/Rif assay were subjected to direct whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to identify the full antibiotics resistance and lineage profile. We report two (2) XDR TB samples also belonging to the East-Asian/Beijing family of lineage 2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) from clinical samples in Nigeria. Our findings further reveal the presence of resistance genes to first-line drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazanimide), second-line injectables (capreomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin and/or amikacin) and at least one of the fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and/or ciprofloxacin) in both samples. The genomic sequence data from this study not only provide the first evidence of XDR TB in Nigeria and West Africa, but also emphasize the importance of WGS in accurately detecting MDR and XDR TB, to ensure adequate and proper management treatment regimens for affected individuals. This will greatly aid in preventing the spread of drug resistance TB in high burden countries.
Mid-to-long-term Results of Hemi-resurfacing Arthroplasty and Metal-on-metal Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Tone Shine , Naito Yohei , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Sudo Akihiro
Published: July 2021

Background: Hemi-resurfacing arthroplasty (Hemi) and metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) are alternatives to conventional total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Mid- to long-term results were evaluated.Methods: Twenty-three hips with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were treated, using Hemi in 12 and HRA in 11. Mean follow-up was 13.8 years in the Hemi group and 8.7 years in the HRA group. Mid- to long-term clinical scores, radiographic results, and survivorship were reviewed retrospectively.Results: In the Hemi group, 8 hips were revised to THA due to migration. In the HRA group, 1 hip was revised due to adverse local tissue reaction. No evidence of any femoral loosening or neck narrowing was seen in either group. Clinical score was superior with HRA compared to Hemi. Ten-year survival rates were 64.2% and 90.9% in the Hemi and HRA groups, respectively. Survival rate in the Hemi group dropped to 22.0% at 14 years.Conclusion: Hemi did not represent a better alternative to THA for patients with ONFH. HRA could offer attractive indications for 10 years.
Nanofiber Template-Induced Preparation of ZnO Nanocrystal and its Application in Photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Rouxi , Chen Mingyi , Liu Peng , Wang Hsing-Lin , Wang Xin , He Ji-Huan
Published: July 2021

Traditional preparation of ZnO nanocrystal requires heating zinc acetate to a temperature over 350°C, whereas in this work, zinc acetate was first electrospun with PVDF to form a nanofiber, followed by thermal treatment at only 140°C to give nanocrystalline ZnO. The much lower temperature required in thermal treatment is attributed to the high reactivity of zinc acetate at nano dimension. The as-prepared ZnO-doped PVDF nanofiber mat shows excellent effect in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B, comparable to ZnO particle thermally treated at 600°C. Highly-oriented ZnO nanorods were obtained by further hydrothermal synthesis of the electrospun nanofiber mat, giving nanostructured ZnO of different morphologies well-aligned on the surface of organic nanofiber. Notably, the hydrothermal synthesis of the successful preparation of these nanostructured ZnO requires a processing temperature below 100°C at atmospheric pressure, showing great potential to be scaled up for vast manufacturing.
MCM7 Ubiquitination Regulates CMG Helicase Disassembly In Human
Authors: Sun Qianqian , Liu Kun , Li Fangzhou , Qiu Bingquan , Fu Zhisong , Mao Zebin , Tong Tanjun , Zhao Wenhui
Published: July 2021

The disassembly of the replisome plays an essential role in maintaining genome stability at the termination of DNA replication. However, the mechanism of replisome disassembly remains unknown in human. In this study, we screened E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) for the ubiquitination of minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM) 7 and provided evidence of this process driving CMG helicase disassembly in human tumor cells. Our data identified two important features of helicase disassembly in human. First, RNF8 catalyzes the K63-linkedpolyubiquitylation of MCM7 on chromatin, which is transiently modified mainly in the late S phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, the proteasome, p97 segregase, USP29 and ATXN3 are required for the removal of MCM7 ubiquitination to promote the disassembly of CMG on chromatin. Our study will help to uncover the novel role of the regulation of CMG helicase disassembly via MCM7 ubiquitination.
Simultaneous Arterial and Venous Brain Infarctions in a Patient with COVID-19.
Authors: Bermúdez Sonia , Forero Paula , Salej Vanessa , González Silvia , Toro Jaime
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Stroke is one of the manifestations of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy. Arterial infarcts are the most common presentation, however involvement of both arterial and venous irrigation is possible but rare. We report, what is, to our knowledge, the second case of concomitant arterial and venous brain thrombosis evidenced in magnetic resonance. Case presentation: A 62-year-old man presented with acute weakness of the left hand and lack of coordination in the left arm. Nine days earlier, he was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. The brain images revealed two subacute infarcts, one corresponding to the territory of the right middle cerebral artery, and the other in the right frontal cortical vein. Conclusion: The existence of both venous and arterial brain infarcts due to COVID-19 infection, has been previously reported once. Most of the cases of stroke are due to only arterial thrombosis, therefore this could be the starting point to start collecting data about simultaneous compromise in order to assess and compare outcomes, severity of the disease, among other variables.
Development of Ritonavir Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Employing Quality By Design (QbD) As A Tool: Characterizations, Permeability, And Bioavailability Studies
Authors: Gurumukhi Vishal , Bari Sanjaykumar
Published: July 2021

The objective of the present work was to optimize ritonavir (RTV) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to improve bioavailability using quality by design (QbD) based technique. Risk assessment was studied using ‘cause and effect’ diagram followed by failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) to identify the effective high-risk variables for the formulation development. Quality target product profile (QTPP) and critical quality attributes (CQAs) were initially assigned for the proposed product. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to identify the individual and combined interactions of formulation variables. RTV loaded NLC (RTV-NLC) was prepared using emulsification-ultrasonication method. The effect of formulation variables like ultrasound amplitude, lipid concentration, surfactant concentration on their responses like particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and entrapment efficiency (EE) were studied by CCRD. The optimized formulation was subjected to lyophilization to obtain dry NLCs for solid-state analysis. DSC and PXRD investigations showed RTV was molecularly dispersed in lipid matrix indicating amorphous form present in the formulation. FESEM and AFM depicted the spherical and uniform particles. The enhanced solubility and dissolution may be attributed due to the reduced particle size. The optimized NLCs showed good physical stability during storage for six months. RTV-NLC was further subjected to in vitro studies and found a successful sustained release rate of 92.37±1.03 %. The parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) and everted gut sac model have demonstrated the permeation enhancement of RTV. In vivo study observed the enhanced bioavailability with 2.86 fold suggesting optimized NLC successfully overcome the issue of solubility.
The Effect of Temperature on Physical Activity: An Aggregated Analysis of Smartphone Users in Five Major Chinese Cities
Authors: Ho Janice Ying-en , Goggins William Bernard , Mo Phoenix Kit Han , Chan Emily Y. Y.
Published: July 2021

Background:Physical activity is an important factor in premature mortality reduction, non-communicable disease prevention, and well-being protection. Climate change will alter temperatures globally, with impacts already found on mortality and morbidity. While uncomfortable temperature is often perceived as a barrier to physical activity, the actual impact of temperature on physical activity has been less well studied, particularly in China. This study examined the associations between temperature and objectively measured physical activity among adult populations in five major Chinese cities. Methods:Aggregated anonymized step count data was obtained between December 2017-2018 for five major Chinese cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong. The associations of temperature with daily aggregated mean step count were assessed using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs), adjusted for meteorological, air pollution, and time-related variables.Results:Significant decreases in step counts during periods of high temperatures were found for cold or temperate climate cities (Beijing, Shanghai, and Chongqing), with maximum physical activity occurring between 16-19.3°C. High temperatures were associated with decreases of 800-1500 daily steps compared to optimal temperatures. For cities in subtropical climates (Shenzhen and Hong Kong), non-significant declines were found with high temperatures. Overall, females and the elderly demonstrated lower optimal temperatures for physical activity and larger decreases of step count in warmer temperatures. Discussion: As minor reductions in physical activity could consequentially affect health, an increased awareness of temperature’s impact on physical activity is necessary. City-wide adaptations and physical activity interventions should seek ways to sustain physical activity levels in the face of shifting temperatures from climate change.
STOML2 interacts with PHB through Activating MAPK Signaling Pathway to Promote Colorectal Cancer Proliferation
Authors: Ma Wenhui , Chen Yuehong , Xiong Wenjun , Li Wenyi , Xu Zhuoluo , Wang Ying , Wei Zhigang , Mou Tingyu , Wu Zhaokun , Chen Mingzhen , Zou Yini , Zhu Yu , Zhou Weijie , Liu Feng , Geng Yan
Published: July 2021

BackgroundHighly expressed STOML2 has been reported in a variety of cancers, yet few have detailed its function and regulatory mechanism. This research aims to reveal regulatory mechanism of STOML2 and to provide evidence for clinical therapeutics, via exploration of its role in colorectal cancer, and identification of its interacting protein. MethodsExpression level of STOML2 in normal colon and CRC tissue from biobank in Nanfang Hospital was detected by pathologic methods. The malignant proliferation of CRC induced by STOML2 was validated via gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, with novel techniques applied, such as organoid culture, orthotopic model and endoscopy monitoring. Yeast two-hybrid assay screened interacting proteins of STOML2, followed by bioinformatics analysis to predict biological function and signaling pathway of candidate proteins. Target protein with most functional similarity to STOML2 was validated with co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence were conducted to co-localize STOML2 and PHB. Pathway regulated by STOML2 was detected with immunoblotting, and subsequent experimental therapy was conducted with RAF inhibitor Sorafenib.ResultsSTOML2 was significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer and its elevation was associated with unfavorable prognosis. Knockdown of STOML2 suppressed proliferation of colorectal cancer, thus attenuated subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor growth, while overexpressed STOML2 promoted proliferation in cell lines and organoids. A list of 13 interacting proteins was screened out by yeast two-hybrid assay. DTYMK and PHB were identified to be most similar to STOML2 according to bioinformatics in terms of biological process and signaling pathways; however, co-immunoprecipitation confirmed interaction between STOML2 and PHB, rather than DTYMK, despite its highest rank in previous analysis. Co-localization between STOML2 and PHB was confirmed in cell lines and tissue level. Furthermore, knockdown of STOML2 downregulated phosphorylation of RAF1, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and ELK1 on the MAPK signaling pathway, indicating common pathway activated by STOML2 and PHB in colorectal cancer proliferation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that in colorectal cancer, STOML2 expression is elevated and interacts with PHB through activating MAPK signaling pathway, to promote proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, combination of screening assay and bioinformatics marks great significance in methodology to explore regulatory mechanism of protein of interest.
Adsorption of Methyl Violet Dye From Wastewater Using Poly(Methacrylic Acid-co-acrylamide)/bentonite Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: Safarzadeh Hamid , Mousavi Seyed Hamed , Peighambardoust Seyed Jamaleddin , Mohammadi Reza , Peighambardoust Seyed Hadi
Published: July 2021

One of the major environmental problems is the entry of colored pollutants into the oceans and seas. Adsorption is one of the effective methods to eliminate colorant polluting materials from wastewater streams. In this study, nanocomposite hydrogels of poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (Poly(MAA-co-AAm)) containing different weight percent bentonite clay nanoparticles (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt. %) were used to remove methyl violet (MV) dye. FTIR, SEM, TGA, and XRD were used to analyze the properties of adsorbents. Results showed that bentonite nanoparticles were successfully distributed in the hydrogel system. Bentonite nanoparticles at 10 wt. % gave the maximum MV dye adsorption efficiency. The highest adsorption was obtained at a pH of 5, an adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g/L, a temperature of 25°C, a contact time of 60 min, and a pollutant concentration of 10 mg/L. In thermodynamics studies, a negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneous. In addition, Poly(MAA-co-AAm) hydrogels and Poly(MAA-co-AAm)/bentonite nanocomposite hydrogels gave the adsorption enthalpy (ΔH°) of 22.2 and 47.4 KJ/mol. Langmuir isotherm model was successfully applied in describing the equilibrium behavior of the adsorption process. To investigate the adsorption kinetics, we used pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich models. The kinetic study showed that the pseudo-second-order model was more successful in describing the kinetic behavior of the adsorption process than pseudo-first-order and Elovich models. Incorporating bentonite clay nanoparticles in Poly(MAA-co-AAm) nanocomposite hydrogels significantly improved the adsorption and swelling efficiencies of these hydrogels.
Is the Thiel-embalmed cadaver model a good option for colorectal laparoscopic surgery training programs?A survey on trainees and professors
Authors: Prieto-Nieto Maria Isabel , Rubio-Perez Ines , Torres Alexander Forero , Andrés Beatriz Díaz San , Gomez Luis Asensio , Labajo Hector Guadalajara , Clascá Francisco , Ruiz-Tovar Jaime
Published: July 2021

Background: Colorectal surgery is one of the most demanding surgical subspecialties, where trainees need to have a deep knowledge and understanding of the anatomy plus acquire specific technical skills. The use of human cadavers as a training modality is a very good option as they are anatomically identical to the patients. The Thiel-embalming method has demonstrated to allow laparoscopic surgical training. Objective: The aim of this study was to evalutate the idoneity of Thiel embalmed cadavers for training the surgical skills necessary for laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Design: Prospective observational studySettings: University Medical InstitutionSubjects: Trainees and faculties attending to the training course of laparoscopic colorectal surgery on Thiel-embalmed cadaversInterventions: A specific questionnaire was designed to evaluate the training experience.Main outcome measures: 11 questions about the Thiel cadavers, skills, and performance.Results: 41 participants (24 trainees and 17 teachers) completed the questionnaire. 94.1% of teachers and 88% of trainees considered the Thiel cadaver to be a better model for laparoscopic surgery practice than animal models. 82.4% of the teachers and 72% of the trainees believed that training with a Thiel-embalmed cadaver should be a compulsory part of the training before performing colorrectal surgery in vivo. However, 88% of the trainees and 70.6% of the teachers considered that this model lacked authenticity due to the absence of bleeding.Limitations: Data obtained from only one course.Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgical training using Thiel-embalmed cadaver models can be a realistic and feasible option to develop technical skills in surgical residents and junior consultants.
Zinc Ion Thermogalvanic Cell: A New Strategy for Low-Grade Heat Conversion and Energy Storage
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Xu Yinghong , Wu Langyuan , An Yufeng , Sun Yao , Meng Tingting , Dou Hui , Xuan Yimin , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: July 2021

Converting low-grade heat from environment into electricity shows great sustainability for mitigating the energy crisis and adjusting energy configuration. However, the thermally rechargeable devices suffer from poor Seebeck coefficient when a semiconductor or ionic electrolyte is typically employed. Breaking the convention of thermoelectric systems, we propose and demonstrate a new zinc ion thermogalvanic cell to generate electricity from low-grade heat via the thermo-extraction/insertion and thermodiffusion process of insertion-type cathode (VO2-PC) and stripping/plating behavior of Zn anode. Based on this strategy, a high thermopower of ~ 15 mV k− 1 and an excellent output power of 1.2 mW can be impressively obtained. Besides, a high specific capacity and a superior durability are originated from coupling of VO2-PC and Zn. This work with extraordinary energy conversion efficiency and satisfying energy storage capability will pave the way toward construction of thermoelectric setups with attractive property for high value-added utilization of low-grade heat.
Effects of Hydrocortisone Combined with Vitamin C and Vitamin B1 Versus Hydrocortisone Alone on Microcirculation in Patients with Septic Shock: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Song Qianwen , Yang Shuhe , Wang Haofei , Meng Shanshan , Huang Lili , Li Qing , Xu Jingyuan , Xie Jianfeng , Huang Yingzi
Published: July 2021

Background: Hydrocortisone combined with vitamin C and vitamin B1 is a promising treatment for septic shock. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrocortisone combined with vitamin C and vitamin B1 versus hydrocortisone alone on microcirculation in patients with septic shock.Methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial enrolled septic shock patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital from February 1, 2019, to January 1, 2020. We randomly assigned the enrolled patients to the treatment group (hydrocortisone combined with vitamin C and vitamin B1 added to standard care) and control group (hydrocortisone alone added to standard care) in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the perfusion vascular density (PVD) 24 hours after treatment. We used the sublingual microcirculation imaging system to monitor the PVD. We further validated the primary outcome by observing differences in renal perfusion monitored by renal contrast-enhanced ultrasound between the treatment and control groups.Results: Twelve patients in the treatment group and ten in the control group completed the study. The baseline characteristics and hemodynamic parameters were comparable between the groups. No statistically significant difference was found in the PVD between the treatment and control groups at baseline. The PVD in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 4 hours after treatment (mean difference, 7.042; 95% CI, 2.227-11.857; P=0.009) and 24 hours after treatment (mean difference, 7.075; 95% CI, 2.390-11.759; P=0.008). The sublingual microcirculation parameters (proportion of perfusion vessels, total vascular density, microvascular flow index) and renal perfusion parameters (peak intensity, regional blood flow) in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group at 24 hours after treatment.Conclusions: Compared with hydrocortisone alone, hydrocortisone combined with vitamin C and vitamin B1 significantly improves microcirculation in patients with septic shock. The findings are further supported by improved renal perfusion in the treatment group.Trial registration: Protocol Registration and Results System, NCT03821714. Registered 19 January 2019, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov
Utility of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Management of Pediatric Pancreaticobiliary Disease
Authors: Makita Satoshi , Amano Hizuru , Kawashima Hiroki , Hinoki Akinari , Shirota Chiyoe , Tainaka Takahisa , Sumida Wataru , Yokota Kazuki , Okamoto Masamune , Takimoto Aitaro , Yasui Akihiro , Nakagawa Yoichi , Uchida Hiroo
Published: July 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pediatric patients with pancreaticobiliary diseases.Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent ERCP for the treatment of biliary tract disease and detailed examination of pancreatitis at our institution from January 1999 to December 2020.Results: ERCP was performed for congenital biliary dilatation (n = 42), choledocholithiasis (n = 9), common bile duct stenosis (n = 1), and several types of pancreatitis (n = 13). The only severe complication of ERCP was common bile duct injury. Three (5.8%) of 52 biliary diseases failed to be treated by ERCP. All patients with pancreatic disease were correctly diagnosed and treated.Conclusion: Endoscopic biliary drainage with a temporary stent was adequate for symptomatic relief. Stenting of the pancreatic duct was useful for improving the angulation and drainage of the pancreatic duct. ERCP was useful for understanding the anatomy of the pancreatic duct and revealing potential treatments. Therefore, ERCP and transendoscopic therapy are sufficiently feasible in pediatric patients and should be actively introduced for the investigation and treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases.
Evaluation of Public Compliance with Health Protocols on A New Normal Era During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Maula Sheyla Najwatul , Pramana Cipta , Sitepu Nadroh Br. , Rahmini Juwi Athia , Sulistyawati Ari , Simanjuntak Betty Yosephin , Hidayah Himyatul , Lisnawati Ketut , Hadi Irwan , Rochmat Agus , Pribadi Prasojo , Gunawan Shirly
Published: July 2021

Background: Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are characterized by mild upper respiratory tract infections, non-life-threatening lower respiratory tract infections, and life-threatening pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Higher intensity exposure causes complications and even death especially in individuals with comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other metabolic diseases. Health protocols are already in place, but their implementation is not yet optimum and consequently directly affects the increase sharply in the number of cases which are increasing day by day, down to the normal era. This study aims to evaluate community adherence to health protocols during the new normal in Indonesia.Methods:This research was conducted using media technology in the google form questionnaire. The number of respondents was 533 people. There are 35 questions from processes to the final outcome of health protocol components and necessary conditions to achieve indicators of evaluation result. The inferential statistical test used in this study is Chi-Square.Results:Results reveal significant relationships between education and social distancing and the habit of washing hands, with p value <0.05. The same results were also found for relationships between occupation and frequency of body temperature measurement, the use of masks, and the habit of washing hands. However, it was found that relationships between education and frequency of body temperature measurement, the use of masks, and the habit of washing were insignificant, with p value>0.05. The same results were also found for relationships between occupation and social distancing.Conclusion:Evaluation of community compliance with health protocols show some improvement as has been proven with significant relationships of some variables. Nonetheless, variables such as relationships between education and body temperature measurement and the use of masks, as well as relationships between occupation and social distancing still require further evaluation.
Influence of Respiratory Gas Density on Tidal Volume During Pressure-Controlled Ventilation: A Laboratory Investigation and Observational Study in Children.
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiro , Toyama Hiroaki , Funahashi Yutaro , Kawana Shin , Ejima Yutaka , Kikuchi Kenji , Ishikawa Takuji , Yamauchi Masanori
Published: July 2021

Fluid mechanics shows that high-density gases need more energy while flowing through a endo-tracheal tube. This means that during general anesthesia, high-density gases left less energy for lung inflation under pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). However, the impact have not been studied. This study investigated the effects of high-density anesthetic gases on tidal volume (TV) in laboratory and clinical settings.In laboratory study, a test lung was ventilated at fixed PCV with 22 different gas compositions (density range, 1.22-2.27 kg/m3) using an Avance® anesthesia machine. The TV of the test lung and the respiratory gas composition were recorded by a pneumotachometer. As a result, the TV of the test lung decreased as the respiratory gas density increased. In clinical study, the change in TV/body weight, accompanied by gas composition change (2% sevoflurane in oxygen and with 0-30-60% of N2O), was recorded in 30 pediatric patients. Median TV/body weight decreased by 10% when the respiratory gas density increased from 1.41 kg/m3 to 1.70 kg/m3, indicating a significant between-group difference (P<0.0001). In both laboratory and clinical settings, an increase in respiratory gas density decreases the TV during PCV, and it could be well explained by the theory of fluid dynamics.
A Novel cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2-/-/Jak3-/- Mouse Model for Hepatitis Virus Infection and Reconstruction of Human Immune System
Authors: Uchida Takuro , Teraoka Yuji , Imamura Michio , Fujino Hatsue , Ono Atsushi , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Yamauchi Masami , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Miki Daiki , Abe-Chayama Hiromi , Makokha Grace Naswa , Hayes C. Nelson , Aikata Hiroshi , Hamamura Satoko , Ishida Yuji , Tateno Chise , Shirouzu Takayuki , Kawai Shintaro , Tanaka Yuka , Ohdan Hideki , Okada Seiji , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: July 2021

The humanized mouse is a widely used in vivo model for the investigation of pathogenesis and drug development. In this study, we generated new immunodeficiency cDNA-urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/SCID/Rag2-/-/Jak3-/- mice and established the mouse model with a humanized liver and immune system. Transplantation of human hepatocytes with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24 resulted in establishment of a highly replaced liver in this mouse model. These mice were successfully infected with hepatitis B virus and hepatis C virus (HCV) for a prolonged period and are available for the analysis of the effect of anti-HCV drugs. Administration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from a donor with HLA-A24 resulted in the establishment of 22.6–81.3% of human CD45-positive mononuclear cell chimerism in liver infiltrating cells without causing graft versus host disease. When mice were transplanted with human hepatocytes and then administered PBMCs, an alloimmune response between transplanted human hepatocytes and PBMCs occurred, with production of transplanted hepatocyte-specific anti-HLA antibody. The alloimmunity was never inhibited by methylprednisolone nor cyclosporine A. In conclusion, we succeeded in establishing a humanized liver and immune system using a novel cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2-/-/Jak3-/- mouse. This model is not only useful to study hepatitis virus virology but also to study alloimmunity.
Quantum-Circuit Black Hole Lasers
Authors: Katayama Haruna
Published: July 2021

A black hole laser in analogues of gravity amplifies Hawking radiation, which is unlikely to be measured in real black holes, and makes it observable. There have been proposals to realize such black hole lasers. However, no progress has been made in electric circuits. Here we propose an optical analogue black hole laser in Josephson transmission lines incorporating metamaterial elements capable of producing Hawking-pair propagation modes and a Kerr nonlinearity due to the Josephson nonlinear inductance. A single dark soliton obeying the nonlinear Schrodinger equation produces a black hole-white hole horizon pair that acts as a laser cavity through a change in the refractive index due to the Kerr effect. We show that the resulting laser is a squeezed-state laser derived from Hawking radiation and then characterized by squeezing parameters related to Hawking temperatures depending on the soliton velocity. We also evaluate the degree of quantum correlation using entanglement entropy.
Passive-Sampler-Based Bioavailability Assessment of PCB Congeners Associated With Aroclor-containing Paint Chips in the Presence of Sediment
Authors: Lotufo Guilherme , Gidley Philip , McQueen Andrew , Moore David , Edwards Deborah , Hardenstine Jeffery , Uhler Allen
Published: July 2021

This is the first investigation of the bioavailability of PCBs associated with paint chips (PC) dispersed in sediment. Bioavailability of PCB-containing PC in sediment was measured using ex situ polyethylene passive samplers (PS) and compared to that of PCBs from field-collected sediments. PC were mixed in freshwater sediment from a site with no known PCB contamination sources and from a contaminated site with non-paint PCB sources. Particles <0.045 mm generated concentrations in the PS over one order of magnitude higher than coarser particles. The bioavailable fraction was represented by the polymer-sediment accumulation factor (PSAF), defined as the ratio of the PCB concentrations in the PS and organic carbon normalized sediment. The PSAF was similar for both field sediments and was ~50-60 and ~ 5 times higher than for the 0.25-0.3 mm and <0.045 mm fractions, respectively, of PC mixed in sediment. These results indicate much lower bioavailability for PCBs associated with PC compared to PCBs associated with field-collected sediment. Such information is essential for risk assessment and remediation decision making for sites where contamination from non-paint PCBs sources are co-located with PCB PC.
lncRNA NONHSAT030515 Promotes the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells via Regulating the miR-490-5p/BMPR2 Axis
Authors: Yang Qinqin , Guo Jiajia , Ren Zhijing , Li bo , Huang Haifeng , Yang Zhen
Published: July 2021

Aim: Chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) is an important tissue in cartilage generation and degradation. LncRNAs play an essential role in stem cell differentiation. However, the role and mechanism of lncRNA in hADSCs remain unclear. Our previous study showed that miR-490-5p was downregulated during chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of lncRNA NONHSAT030515 interacting with miR-490-5p on chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Methods: Alcin blue staining was used to assess the deposition of chondromatrix proteins following chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of collagenⅡ. TargetScan, miRTarBase and miRDB database analysis were applied to find the miRNA and target genes of lncRNA NONHSAT030515. A dual luciferase experiment was conducted to identify the direct target of NONHSAT030515. pcDNA3.1- NONHSAT030515 transfection and sh- NONHSAT030515 treatment were conducted to verify the role of lncRNA NONHSAT030515 in chondrogenic differentiation. The levels of Aggrecan, SOX9 and COL2A1 were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot assay. Results: Alcian blue staining, immunocytochemical, qRT-PCR, and Western blot have determined that lncRNA NONHSAT030515 can promote the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs. By luciferase reporter assay, it was confirmed that miR-490- 5p was the direct target and the BMPR2 was the target gene of NONHSAT030515. Up-regulation of NONHSAT030515 promoted BMPR2 protein expression and promoted chondrogenic differentiation whereas down-regulation of NONHSAT030515 caused completely opposite results. Conclusion: LncRNA NONHSAT030515 regulated by miR-490-5p promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs targeting BMPR2.
A New Diagnostic Approach to COVID-19 Patients; Co-Evaluation of Clinical Laboratory Findings With Radiological CT Results
Authors: BALIK Ahmet Rıfat , YÜCEL Çiğdem , SERTOĞLU Erdim , YAVUZ Özlem , TAŞKIN Gürhan , AKKOYUN Emrah , ARDA Kemal Niyazi , ÖZGÜRTAŞ Taner
Published: July 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Ground Motions Induced by Pore Pressure Changes at the Szentes Geothermal Area, Se Hungary
Authors: Békési Eszter , Fokker Peter , Candela Thibault , Szanyi János , Wees Jan-Diederik van
Published: July 2021

Excessive thermal water volumes have been extracted from porous sedimentary rocks in the Hungarian part of the Pannonian Basin. Thermal water production in Hungary increased significantly from the early 70’s. Regional-scale exploitation of geothermal reservoirs without re-injection resulted in basin-scale pressure drop in the Upper Pannonian (Upper Miocene) sediments, leading to compaction and ground subsidence.We investigated surface deformation at the Szentes geothermal filed, SE Hungary, where the largest pressure decline occurred. Subsequently, hydraulic head recovery in the western part of the geothermal reservoir has initiated from the mid-90’s. We obtained data from the European Space Agency’s Envisat satellites to estimate the ground motions for the period of 2002-2010. We applied inverse geomechanical modelling to estimate reservoir properties and processes. We constrained the model parameters using the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation, which allowed us to incorporate large amounts of surface movement observations in a computationally efficient way. Ground movements together with the modelling results show that uplift of the Szentes geothermal field occurred during the observation period. Since no injection wells were operated at Szentes before 2018, and production temperatures remained relatively constant through the entire production period, we explain ground uplift with pore pressure increase due to natural recharge. Additionally, subsidence of the north-eastern part of the field exists, in agreement with a minor negative pressure source. The estimated (de)compaction coefficients suggest that permanent deformation of the geothermal reservoir occurred during the main depletion period, from ~1970 until the late 90’s. Permanent deformation associated with the prolonged decrease of reservoir pressures occurred locally in the eastern part of the field, until at least 2007. The improved parametrization enables better forecasting of the reservoir behaviour and facilitates the assessment of future subsidence scenarios. This study thus demonstrates the effectiveness of InSAR-based ground motion data and inverse geomechanical modelling for the monitoring of geothermal reservoirs and the establishment of a sustainable production scheme.
Fermented Rye With Agaricus Subrufescens and Mannan-rich Hydrolysate Based Feed Additive to Modulate Post-weaning Piglet Immune Response
Authors: de Groot Nienke , Fariñas Fernando , Faba Lluís , Hambrecht Ellen , Cabrera-Gomez Carolina Gisel , Pallares Francisco , Ramis Guillermo
Published: July 2021

Background The process of weaning in piglets is often associated with an increased inflammation response in the intestine and compromised intestinal integrity and morphology favoring a delay in intestinal maturation and a predisposal to diseases. Research has shown the potential of different nutritional strategies to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the main goal to manipulate health and performance of pigs. Promising examples of nutritional strategies are fungal fermented products and their derivatives which are described to contain several compounds that may play a role in gastrointestinal health and pathogenic bacteria control. Products from Agaricus subrufescens mushroom are reported to contain prophylactic and therapeutic properties including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory. Results This study analysed the post-weaning immune status in intestinal tissue and blood of piglets, with the objective to evaluate the gastrointestinal health and immune modulation response induced by a blend of mannan-rich hydrolyzed copra meal and fermented rye with A. subrufescens. The results showed that in piglets post-weaning, the feed additive stimulates an immunomodulation effect most evident at 15 days post-weaning, with lower expression of cytokines Interferon (IFN) γ, Interleukin (IL) 1 α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β in jejunum, accompanied with an increase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cytokine gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35 (IL-12α), IL-12p40 (IL-12β), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α, IFN-α, and TGF-β. In piglets fed the feed additive, the quantity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) A producing cells in jejunum, ileum was reduced on day 15 and 30 postweaning, and on day 30 and 45 post-weaning in colon tissue. Intestinal histomorphology demonstrated a villus height reduction in jejunum and increase in ileum on day 15, while increased villous height in jejunum and ileum on day 30. Natural Killer (NK) cells were increased at day 15 post-weaning in the piglets fed the feed additive.Conclusion This study implies the potential of the blend including mannan-rich hydrolyzed copra meal and fermented rye with A. subrufescens on immune modulation in the intestine of post-weaning piglets.
Numerical Prediction and Experimental Investigation of Residual Stresses in Sequential Milling of GH4169 Considering Initial Stress Effect
Authors: Yao Gonghou , Liu Zhanqiang , Song Qinghua , Wang Bing , Cai Yukui
Published: July 2021

Residual stresses affect the service life and causes the deformation of machined parts. Therefore, the study on development of residual stresses during machining operation is very important. For this, an analytical and numerical models have been developed to predict the residual stresses for single-step machining operation. However, the parts are usually machined with a serial of production processes. A numerical model for predicting residual stress in sequential side milling GH4169 considering initial stress was proposed in this research. The initial residual stress distribution due to previous-step milling was considered in the proposed model. It was assumed that this initial residual stress value changed with the depth from the machined surface, while the residual stress on the identical horizontal plane was assumed with uniform distribution. The proposed numerical simulation model could predict the stress value of the machined surface, the stress value of the compression valley and the residual stress distribution in the depth direction beneath the machined surface with high accuracy. Experimental investigations of sequential side milling GH4169 were conducted and the generated residual stresses were measured. The distribution trend and influence rule of residual stress between two sequential milling steps were analyzed. The residual stress distribution beneath the surface showed a spoon-shaped pattern. The thickness of the residual stress influence layer (RSIL) after the current milling step was affected by the depth of cut and the RSIL thickness of the previous milling step. The numerical model could predict the thickness of RSIL and optimize the depth of cut in sequential side milling.