bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levels of α7 integrin and laminin-α2 are increased following prednisone treatment in themdxmouse and GRMD dog models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Wuebbles Ryan D. , Sarathy Apurva , Kornegay Joe N. , Burkin Dean J.
Published: July 2013

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal neuromuscular disease for which there is no cure and limited treatment options. Prednisone is currently the first line treatment option for DMD and studies have demonstrated that it improves muscle strength. Although prednisone has been used for the treatment of DMD for decades, the mechanism of action of this drug remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that α7β1 integrin is a major modifier of disease progression in mouse models of DMD and is therefore a target for drug-based therapies. In this study we examined whether prednisone increased α7β1 integrin levels in mdx mouse and GRMD dog models and myogenic cells from humans with DMD. Our results show that prednisone promotes an increase in α7 integrin protein in cultured myogenic cells and in the muscle of mdx and GRMD animal models of DMD. The prednisone-mediated increase in α7 integrin was associated with increased laminin-α2 in prednisone-treated dystrophin-deficient muscle. Together, our results suggest that prednisone acts in part through increased merosin in the muscle basal lamina and through sarcolemmal stabilization of α7β1 integrin in dystrophin-deficient muscle. These results indicate that therapies that target an increase in muscle α7β1 integrin, its signaling pathways and/or laminin could be therapeutic in DMD.
Formation of Nanoporous Anodic Gold Oxide Films in Carboxylic Acids and Spontaneous Reduction to Nanoporous Gold
Authors: Nishio Kazuyuki , Masuda Hideki
Published: July 2013

We investigated anodization of gold in aquaous solutions of carboxylic acids as a continuation of anodization of gold in oxalic acid. In contrast to the anodization in aquaous oxalic acid, in which nanoporous gold film is formed, nanoporous gold oxide (Au3+) films are formed in other aquaous carboxylic acids. The orange oxide films were unstable at room temperature: the films blackened within a week and then lightened in color about a month after the anodization. Although the nanoporous framework looked unchanged by SEM observation during the changes in the color, reduction of gold oxide and growth of nanoparticulate gold proceeded in the film. The isothermal adsorption measurement of the nanoporous gold, which was formed in citric acid and kept more than a month at room temperature, revealed that the mean pore size and specific surface area were 13 nm and 60 m2 g−1, respectively. These results demonstrated that bulk gold is easily anodized in aqueous carboxylic acids to form nanoporous gold oxide film. Then, it spontaneously reduces to nanoporous gold at room temperature owing to the noble redox properties of the gold.
One-pot Synthesis of 2,3-Benzodiazepines from Arynes and β-Diketones
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Tanabe Yukiko , Itoyama Ryoichi , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei
Published: July 2013

Novel one-pot synthesis of 2,3-benzodiazepines from aryne precursors was accomplished. Tofisopam, well-known anxiolytics, could be synthesized via C–C bond insertion of 4,5-dimethoxybenzyne with 2-ethyl-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butane-1,3-dione, followed by the reaction with hydrazine hydrate in a one-pot operation. This protocol is applicable to the synthesis of other biologically active 2,3-benzodiazepines, such as Girisopam and Nerisopam.
RELIME – DOI Y OJS
Authors: Cantoral Ricardo
Published: July 2013

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CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL RAZONAMIENTO ESTADÍSTICO DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS ACERCA DE LAS PRUEBAS DE HIPÓTESIS
Authors: Inzunsa Cazares Santiago , Jiménez Ramírez José Vidal
Published: July 2013

En este artículo se presentan resultados de una investigación sobre el aprendizaje de la inferencia estadística en estudiantes de la carrera de matemáticas, en particular sobre su nivel de razonamiento estadístico acerca de los conceptos y el proceso que involucran las pruebas de hipótesis. Los resultados se analizaron de acuerdo con el modelo taxonómico SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes) y muestran que los estudiantes se ubican principalmente en los niveles preestructuraly uniestructural, es decir, que poseen información aislada de los diversos conceptos que intervienen en una prueba de hipótesis y/o toman en cuenta algún aspecto relevante del proceso pero sin lograr comprender lo que hacen; además, se observaron concepciones erróneas sobre la naturaleza de las pruebas de hipótesis y los principales conceptos involucrados como el nivel de significancia, valor de p y planteamiento de hipótesis.
PRUEBAS ESCRITAS COMO ESTRATEGIA DE EVALUACIÓN DE APRENDIZAJES MATEMÁTICOS. UN ESTUDIO DE CASO A NIVEL SUPERIOR
Authors: Jarero Kumul Martha , Aparicio Landa Eddie , Sosa Moguel Landy
Published: July 2013

Si bien la evaluación de aprendizajes y el diseño e implementación de estrategias necesarias para ésta son tareas cotidianas del profesorado, cierto es que se carece de conocimiento sobre los criterios empleados por los profesores al momento de llevar a cabo una evaluación, más aun, se desconocen los lineamientos que siguen para el diseño de pruebas escritas y la confiabilidad o alcances de los mismos. En este sentido se presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre la forma en que profesores de educación superior conciben y realizan la evaluación de aprendizajes matemáticos en un curso de Álgebra Superior I. La idea central consistió en asumir a la prueba escrita como componente de un sistema de evaluación.
Film Review
Authors: Ssenoga Geoffrey AB
Published: July 2013

Kony 2012, Jason Russel (2012) Invisible Children, San Diego, Budget 1,000,000 USD, Runtime 30 mins, Video
Orientalism in online news: BBC stories of Somali piracy
Authors: Way Lyndon C. S.
Published: July 2013

This article considers how news stories about piracy off the coast of Somalia reflect E. Said’s concept of Orientalism, that is, the West representing the Rest in ways beneficial to the West. Critical discourse analysis is applied to news stories from the international BBC news website to reveal strategies used to represent a non-western ‘other’ in need of control by a successful West. This legitimates the West’s military presence and actions whilst challenging BBC’s claims of objectivity. An historical account of both Somalia and piracy precede this analysis. The former illustrates how Somalia’s current ‘failed state’ status is in part due to foreign involvement while the latter describes how this status has produced conditions conducive to piracy. Actions by the West together with the BBC’s Orientalist perspective do little to relieve Somalia’s hardship, suffering and ending Somalia’s multiple problems.
Upstairs downstairs: Communication contradictions around two African refugee camps
Authors: Kivikuru Ullamaija
Published: July 2013

This article describes and analyses the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) communication policy in the current world environment where a variety of well-doers attempt to pursue attention. The analysis is reflected against the results of focus group interviews with Congolese women in two refugee camps in Rwanda in November 2010. Although the women are not provided with any form of mediated communication, they do not appear to have any interest in it either. Daily concerns fill their lives in the ‘non-place’ and although that strongly limits their lifestyle and living conditions, it also ensures their safety. This article discusses both the possibility of establishing ‘small media’ or community media in the camps and the possibility of changing the principles of the United Nations (UN) communication policies.
Cyberactivism in the Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions: Potentials, limitations, overlaps and divergences
Authors: Khamis Sahar , Vaughn Katherine
Published: July 2013

This article discusses the role of ‘cyberactivism’ or the role played by new media in paving the way for political transformation, in both the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions of 2011. It starts with a discussion of the potentials of cyberactivism in both of these revolutions, especially how these new types of social media can act as effective tools for supporting the capabilities of the democratic activists by allowing forums for free speech and political networking opportunities; providing a virtual space for assembly; supporting the capability of the protestors to plan, organize and execute peaceful protests, while documenting the protests and governmental reactions to them; and providing forums for collaboration between the Tunisian and the Egyptian activists. It also sheds light on some of the limitations of the role of social media in both of these revolutions and highlights some of the overlaps and divergences between the role of cyberactivism in both of them, through comparing the similarities and differences in contexts, actors and tools.
Communication and media studies in South Africa: Observations, impressions and remarks
Authors: Salawu Abiodun
Published: July 2013

This article offers some self-reflexive comments on Communication and media studies in South Africa. The discipline in South Africa, presents a very exciting and intriguing posture for the simple fact that it allows for diversity– observable in the variety of labels, emphases and curricula. Equally enviable is the currency of some aspects of the programmes offered in the country and the strong theoretical foundation of research publications. Yet some deficiencies observed in a number of the curricula provoke a call for standardization of programmes offered by the various universities. The lack of regulation could be held responsible for some lapses noticeable in the structure of the various programmes. Drawing on observations of South Africa’s communication and media education landscape, this article argues that the field seems to be withdrawn and too inward-looking that is evidenced by the lack of interest in the affairs of the African Council for Communication Education (ACCE) and what used to be the predominantly locally oriented content of South African journals. Thus, South African academia is tactically excluded from the leadership which it should provide on the African continent. Some cross-references are made to the situation in Nigeria, being the country where the writer had been involved in communication and media scholarship before moving to South Africa.
How to Occupy Retreat: dOCUMENTA (13) from Kassel to Banff
Authors: Jim Alice Ming Wai
Published: July 2013

This article examines the aesthetico-political preoccupations and linkages between dOCUMENTA (13)’s four positions (‘on stage’ in Kassel, ‘under siege’ in Kabul/Bamiyan, ‘in a state of hope’ in Alexandria/Cairo, and ‘on retreat’ in Banff). Complemented by personal vignettes, the discussion moves between the conditional positions and the impact of the Occupy Movement as well as the contiguous notions of retreat and residency. It concludes by considering dOCUMENTA (13)’s proposition of occupying, or taking up residency in spaces as well as in objects and images, and investigating the possibility for art’s direct political engagement.
Artangel and the Changing Mediascape of Public Art
Authors: Connolly Maeve
Published: July 2013

This article examines the early history of the Artangel Trust (1985–91), focusing on the use of advertising media such as billboards and outdoor screens in a series of prominently located projects, by artists such as Jenny Holzer, Barbara Kruger, and Les Levine. It also identifies significant shifts in the organization’s approach to practices of commissioning, mediation and promotion after 1991, following the appointment of James Lingwood and Michael Morris as co-directors. Instead of simply emphasizing the specific differences between these two incarnations of Artangel, the article draws attention to the altered – and continually changing – relationship betwen media and concepts of the public sphere in curatorial practice.
Constant Redistribution: A Roundtable on Feminism, Art and the Curatorial Field
Authors: Dimitrakaki Angela , Perry Lara , Huneault Kristina , Kivimaa Katrin , Noack Ruth , Proctor Nancy , Skrubbe Jessica Sjöholm , Steorn Patrik , Uhlyarik Georgiana
Published: July 2013

This discussion between nine curators, theorists and art historians addresses some of the contemporary issues related to feminism and curating. Topics include the role of the geographical and geopolitical in curatorial projects; the place of canons and canon-making in feminist approaches; the nature of contemporary feminist collectivities; the importance of the museum and its context of capitalism within politicized curatorial practice; and the status of the object and aesthetics in feminist-oriented curatorial practice.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Doubal Rosalie , Lau Charlene K. , Wasserman Andrew
Published: July 2013

Theaster Gates: My Labor is my Protest White Cube, Bermondsey, 7 September–11 November 2012

Experts: Doomsday Predictions Have no Basis in Fact or History Curated by Bernhard Willhelm and Jutta Kraus, Middelheim Museum, Antwerp, 15 May 2012–13 January 2013

Come Closer: Art Around the Bowery, 1969–1989 Curated by Ethan Swan, New Museum, New York, 19 September–30 December 2012
Website Review
Authors: Chaykowski Natasha
Published: July 2013

Colossal: Art & Visual Ingenuity Christopher Jobson, Blogger, http://www.thisiscolossal.com/, 2010–date

Hyperallergic: Sensitive to Art & Its Discontents Hrag Vartanian, Co-founder and Editor-in-chief, and Veken Gueyikian, Co-founder and Publisher, http://hyperallergic.com/, 2009–date
Book Reviews
Authors: Zohar Ayelet , Schuppert Mirjami , Burns Aileen , Lundh Johan , Bélidor Eunice , Martins Susana S. , MacDonald Kristie
Published: July 2013

The Culture of Curating and the Curating of Culture(S), Paul O’Neill Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (2012), 192 pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-0-262-01772-5, US$24.95

Cultures of the Curatorial, Beatrice Von Bismarck, Jörn Schafaff and Thomas Weski (eds) Leipzig: Sternberg Press and Kulturen des Kuratorischen an der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst/Academy of Visual Arts Leipzig (2012), 376 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-1-934105-97-9, €19.00

Performing the Curatorial: Within and Beyond Art, Maria Lind (ed.) Berlin: Sternberg Press, Tensta konsthall, ArtMonitor/University of Gothenburg (2012), 162 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-1-934105-89-4, €19.00

Curating in the Caribbean, David A. Bailey, Alissandra Cummins, Axel Lapp and Allison Thompson (eds) Berlin: the Green Box (2012), 184 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-3-941644-32-8, €15.00

Film, Art, New Media: Museum Without Walls?, Angela Dalle Vacche (ed.) London: Palgrave Macmillan (2012), 336 pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-0-230-27292-7, £60.00

Artists’ Magazines: An Alternative Space for Art, Gwen Allen Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (2011), 368 pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-0-262015-19-6, US$37.95
Conference Review
Authors: Arya Rina
Published: July 2013

Great Exhibitions in the Margins 1851–1938 Organized by Marta Filipova, held at the University of Wolverhampton, UK, 26–27 April 2012
Representing the fragmented mind: Reinterpreting a classic radio feature as ‘sonic psychology’
Authors: Hendy David
Published: July 2013

This article explores the intertwining of ideas about radio and popular psychology in broadcasting’s formative years by focusing on the case study of one pioneering BBC producer, Lance Sieveking. Using Sieveking’s private papers and other archival sources, the article attempts to reconstruct his private and emotional life in order to help us understand more fully the unusual and experimental programmes he made in the late 1920s. A focus on Sieveking shows an early example of radio being used as a medium capable of representing – and exploring – one’s ‘inner life’. More specifically, in the 1920s, Sieveking’s work is an example of radio being used as a means of working through anxieties and neuroses that are a recognized feature of life in Britain in the aftermath of World War I. It argues that when analysing the creative process in radio – which is, after all, what Paddy Scannell has called a ‘human-made’ thing – we might want to attend more closely to the personal psychology of its producers.
Remembering radio
Authors: Lewis Peter
Published: July 2013

The article concerns a part of a wider project, ‘A Remembered Soundscape’, in which I am attempting to recapture the sounds of my childhood and to write about them as, what Murray Shafer has called, an ‘earwitness’. The focus here is on the remembered experience of radio listening over two decades between the late 1930s and the late 1950s, a time when ‘the wireless’ was the most significant source of mediated sound. Memories of listening in the setting of the home are compared with the contemporary experience of encountering archival recordings. An added motivation for the project is the challenge of trying to develop the limited vocabulary that relates to sound.

Since ‘memory is partial’ (Kuhn) and ‘what it contrives symptomatically to forget is as important as what it remembers’ (Samuel), recall is checked against family and public documentation – family diaries and letters, and records in Mass Observation Archive. Examples are given of remembered radio programmes and the everyday domestic context within which they were first heard and embedded. The pace, accent and intonation of these examples, heard in the present day, are what are found most alien in this exercise in self-ethnography.
The sound of home? Some thoughts on how the radio voice anchors, contains and sometimes pierces
Authors: Karpf Anne
Published: July 2013

This article argues that, while psychoanalytic theory has been valuably employed by television, film and cultural studies, there has been no comparable ‘psychoanalytic turn’ in radio studies. It suggests that the concept of ‘containment’, as developed variously by Wilfred Bion and Esther Bick, might go some way to explain the powerful role that the voice of the radio presenter can play in the regular listener’s internal world, with the capacity both to ‘hold’ the listener together, and to transform overwhelming fears into more manageable feelings. It argues that the disembodied radio voice does this partly because it recalls the prenatal power of the maternal voice, and partly through the temporal order that regular radio voices impose on the internal and external world. Both World War II British radio catchphrases and Roosevelt’s fireside chats are discussed in relation to their containment function. The article also explores the radio as a transitional space, as defined by Donald Winnicott, through which it can constitute listeners into an ‘imagined community’. It ends by reflecting on the impact of the angry voice of the ‘shock jock’, which, it suggests, amplifies rather than contains overwhelming feelings.
A psycho-cultural approach to radio listening and creative production
Authors: Breton Hugh Ortega
Published: July 2013

This discussant piece introduces and explains a psycho-cultural approach to understanding the emotional dimensions of radio listening and creative production. It then explores the ways in which radio is unconsciously used by listeners as a tool for maintaining psychic coherency. A psycho-cultural approach is a valuable tool for research because it is specifically attuned to the emotional dimensions of radio use and programme-making in a therapeutically infused culture. It also provides a means of explaining why radio is used in particular ways, in terms of the everyday maintenance of the self. The article closes with a consideration of the meta-psychological consequences of convergence and recent developments in listening technologies. The aim of the article is to initiate a discussion with radio scholars on the utility of this approach.
Review
Authors: Brown Gabrielle
Published: July 2013

Freudian Slippage (BBC Radio 4 Tx: 13 & 20 December 2010, 8 p.m., 30 min.) http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00wld52
Implementing Managerial Constraints in Model-Based Segmentation: Extensions of Kim, Fong, and DeSarbo (2012) with an Application to Heterogeneous Perceptions of Service Quality
Authors: Kim Sunghoon , Blanchard Simon J. , Desarbo Wayne S. , Fong Duncan K.H.
Published: July 2013

Researchers have recently introduced a finite mixture Bayesian regression model to simultaneously identify consumer market segments (heterogeneity) and determine how such segments differ with respect to active regression coefficients (variable selection). This article introduces three extensions of this model to incorporate managerial restrictions (constraints). The authors demonstrate with synthetic data that the new constrained finite mixture Bayesian regression models can be used to identify and represent several constrained heterogeneous response patterns commonly encountered in practice. In addition, they show that the proposed models are more robust against multicollinearity than traditional methods. Finally, to illustrate the proposed models' usefulness, the authors apply the proposed constrained models in the context of a service quality (SERVPERF) survey of National Insurance Company's customers.
Autonomic nervous system activity in diabetic and healthy obese female subjects and the effect of distinct weight loss strategies
Authors: Lips Mirjam A , de Groot Gerrit H , De Kam Marieke , Berends Frits J , Wiezer Renee , Van Wagensveld Bart A , Swank Dingeman J , Luijten Arijan , Pijl Hanno , Burggraaf Jacobus
Published: July 2013

Objective

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are reported to be associated with relative overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which is reversible by weight loss. However, direct effects of weight loss by calorie restriction vs Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on SNS overactivity were not studied in parallel. This study compared the effects of RYGB vs restrictive weight loss in obese patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and with T2DM on SNS function as measured by heart rate variability (HRV).

Design and methods

Lean (n=12), obese NGT (n=27) and T2DM (n=27) subjects were included in this study. Weight reduction in NGT subjects was achieved by gastric banding (GB) or RYGB and in T2DM subjects by RYGB or high-protein very-low-calorie diet (VLCD). HRV analysis was performed and blood samples were taken at baseline, 3 weeks and 3 months after intervention.

Results

At baseline, T2DM subjects showed SNS overactivity and NGT subjects showed similar, but non-significant, findings when compared with lean controls. Weight loss after 3 weeks was comparable in all treatment groups, whereas after 3 months, weight loss was most in VLCD and RYGB subjects. RYGB and VLCD treatment reduced SNS activity within 3 weeks in T2DM patients. After 3 months, restoration to normal autonomic nervous system activity was evident for all groups, except for the NGT-GB group.

Conclusion

We can conclude that SNS overactivity is more pronounced in obese T2DM subjects when compared with NGT subjects. Reduction of SNS overactivity coincides with weight loss with the time-course of reduction dependent on the type of intervention. Surgery or caloric restriction may transiently induce SNS overactivity but do not prevent a direct restoration of sympathovagal balance.
Vitamin A regulates hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis status in LOU/C rats
Authors: Marissal-Arvy Nathalie , Hamiani Rachel , Richard Emmanuel , Moisan Marie-Pierre , Pallet Véronique
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to explore the involvement of retinoids in the hypoactivity and hyporeactivity to stress of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in LOU/C rats. We measured the effects of vitamin A deficiency administered or not with retinoic acid (RA) on plasma corticosterone in standard conditions and in response to restraint stress and on hypothalamic and hippocampal expression of corticosteroid receptors, corticotropin-releasing hormone and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in LOU/C rats. Interestingly, under control conditions, we measured a higher plasma concentration of retinol in LOU/C than in Wistar rats, which could contribute to the lower basal activity of the HPA axis in LOU/C rats. Vitamin A deficiency induced an increased HPA axis activity in LOU/C rats, normalized by RA administration. Compared with LOU/C control rats, vitamin A-deficient rats showed a delayed and heightened corticosterone response to restraint stress. The expression of corticosteroid receptors was strongly decreased by vitamin A deficiency in the hippocampus, which could contribute to a less efficient feedback by corticosterone on HPA axis tone. The expression of 11β-HSD1 was increased by vitamin A deficiency in the hypothalamus (+62.5%) as in the hippocampus (+104.7%), which could lead to a higher production of corticosterone locally and contribute to alteration of the hippocampus. RA supplementation treatment restored corticosterone concentrations and 11β-HSD1 expression to control levels. The high vitamin A status of LOU/C rats could contribute to their low HPA axis activity/reactivity and to a protective effect against 11β-HSD1-mediated deleterious action on cognitive performances during ageing.
Critical Factors for Grain Filling of Erect Panicle Type Japonica Rice Cultivars
Authors: Li Xing‐Tao , Cheng Hai‐Tao , Wang Ning , Yu Cui‐Mei , Qu Lu‐Yi , Cao Ping , Hu Nan , Liu Tao , Lyu Wen‐Yan
Published: July 2013

Some japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars selected through ideotype‐breeding strategy with erect panicle type (EPT), compared with conventional japonica cultivars with curved panicle type (CPT), have greater spikelet density and higher yield potential. Higher yield potential of EPT cultivars, however, does not translate into actual yield because of poor grain filling. This study aimed to clarify the difference in grain‐filling patterns between EPT and CPT cultivars, and whether a low photoassimilate supply for grains or insufficient sink capability of spikelets restricts the grain filling of EPT cultivars. The results show that the percentage of grains with specific gravity ≥1.06 was lower for EPT cultivars than CPT cultivars and that the difference in 1000‐grain weight (TGW) between the primary and secondary branches of the base panicle of the EPT cultivar was greater than that of the CPT cultivar. With the severely reduced sink treatment, where the top and middle of panicles were removed, the TGW of the base primary branches of Shennong265 (an EPT cultivar) could attain the level of the top primary branches of the control, but the TGW of base secondary branches could not attain the same level. Increasing the source/sink ratio increased the speed of cell division of the base secondary branch spikelets of Shennong6, but they could not reach the level of the top primary branch grains of the control. These results suggest that base secondary panicles of EPT cultivars contribute to the poor grain filling, and a longer period and slower rate of endosperm cell division account for the poor grain filling of base secondary panicles.
Development of Regional Nitrogen Rate Guidelines for Intensive Cropping Systems in China
Authors: Cui Zhenling , Chen Xinping , Zhang Fusuo
Published: July 2013

The intensification of agricultural production has been accompanied by an overuse of N fertilization and has accelerated global N consumption in the last 20 yr. We undertook 269 on‐farm demonstration trials to evaluate variations in the optimal N rate (ONR) and developed regional N rate guidelines for intensive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) rotation systems in the North China Plain. Large variations in the ONR (coefficient of variation = 38∼39%) were observed across the 269 fields, resulting from large variations in the initial soil NO3–N supply before sowing. A negative linear relationship between the ONR and initial soil NO3–N suggested that 1 kg soil NO3–N ha–1 was equivalent to applications of 0.54 and 0.71 kg fertilizer N ha–1 for wheat and maize, respectively. The current cropping system, with excessive N inputs and large variations in residual NO3–N in the top 90‐cm soil depth (averaging 188 kg N ha–1 season–1 and ranging 20–987 kg N ha–1 season–1), could be transformed with optimal N management to a steady state, in which the residual NO3–N content is maintained at about 90 to 100 kg N ha–1. Regional N rate guidelines should be 154 to 159 and 164 to 171 kg N ha–1 for yields of 6 and 9 Mg ha–1 for wheat and maize, respectively. This regional N rate guideline may not be completely accurate but is a robust and simple guideline acceptable to the 100 million smallholder farmers in China.
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in U.S. Winter Wheat Cultivars and Elite Breeding Lines
Authors: Jin Feng , Zhang Dadong , Bockus William , Baenziger P. Stephen , Carver Brett , Bai Guihua
Published: July 2013

Fusarium (Fusarium graminearum) head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. To characterize FHB resistance in U.S. wheat germplasm, 363 U.S. winter wheat accessions were repeatedly evaluated for FHB resistance. A high correlation (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) for mean percentages of symptomatic spikelets (PSS) was observed between greenhouse and field experiments. The majority of tested accessions were either moderately or highly susceptible; only 7% of the accessions in the greenhouse and 6% of the accessions in the field showed a high level of resistance. Mean PSS for 19 accessions that carry markers for Fhb1, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) from ‘Sumai3’, are 29.8% in the greenhouse and 25.1% in the field experiments. Fifty‐four wheat accessions lacking Fhb1 showed at least a moderately high level of FHB resistance in the greenhouse and/or field. These included three resistant accessions, 35 moderately resistant accessions, and 16 accessions that showed different levels of resistance in greenhouse and field experiments. Accessions without Fhb1 that showed consistent resistance in both field and greenhouse experiments may be good sources for pyramiding native resistance QTLs from U.S. wheat with Fhb1.
Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping for End‐Use Quality Traits in Hard Winter Wheat Under Contrasting Soil Moisture Levels
Authors: El‐Feki Walid M. , Byrne Patrick F. , Reid Scott D. , Lapitan Nora L.V. , Haley Scott D.
Published: July 2013

Improved end‐use quality is an essential goal of many wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. Besides genetic factors, environmental conditions are known to influence wheat quality. Our objective was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for quality traits in a winter wheat population under different soil moisture levels. A population of 185 doubled haploid (DH) lines was derived from a cross between hard white winter wheats CO940610 and ‘Platte’. The population was grown in four environments (two limited irrigation and two fully irrigated) in Colorado in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009, and the grain was evaluated for 14 end‐use quality traits. A linkage map was constructed with 250 molecular markers, including five glutenin protein markers. Composite interval mapping detected clusters of QTL for multiple traits near the glutenin loci Glu‐A1, Glu‐B1, and Glu‐D1. Other QTL clusters were located on chromosomes 2B, 6A, 7B, and 7D; the 2B and 7D QTL may reflect the presence of heading date QTL in the same regions. An epistatic interaction for mixograph traits was found between the chromosome 7B QTL and Glu‐B1, consistent with the presence of a regulatory gene on 7B. An apparently novel QTL for kernel weight and diameter was detected on chromosome 3B. Our results confirm similar genetic control of quality traits, especially for large‐effect QTL, for the levels of moisture stress in this study. These results may guide breeding programs in choosing parents and conducting marker‐assisted selection for improved end‐use quality.
Microbial Community Structure Across a Wastewater-Impacted Riparian Buffer Zone in the Southeastern Coastal Plain
Authors: Ducey T.F. , Johnson P.R. , Shriner A.D. , Matheny T.A. , Hunt P.G.
Published: July 2013

Riparian buffer zones are important for both natural and developed ecosystems throughout the world because of their ability to retain nutrients, prevent soil erosion, protect aquatic environments from excessive sedimentation, and filter pollutants. Despite their importance, the microbial community structures of riparian buffer zones remains poorly defined. Our objectives for this study were twofold: first, to characterize the microbial populations found in riparian buffer zone soils; and second, to determine if microbial community structure could be linked to denitrification enzyme activity (DEA). To achieve these objectives, we investigated the microbial populations of a riparian buffer zone located downslope of a pasture irrigated with swine lagoon effluent, utilizing DNA sequencing of the 16S rDNA, DEA, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) of the denitrification genes nirK, nirS, and nosZ. Clone libraries of the 16S rDNA gene were generated from each of twelve sites across the riparian buffer with a total of 986 partial sequences grouped into 654 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The Proteobacteria were the dominant group (49.8% of all OTUs), with the Acidobacteria also well represented (19.57% of all OTUs). Analysis of qPCR results identified spatial relationships between soil series, site location, and gene abundance, which could be used to infer both incomplete and total DEA rates.
Discrimination of Enterobacteriaceae and Non-fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Schaumann Reiner , Knoop Nicolas , Genzel Gelimer H , Losensky Kevin , Rosenkranz Christiane , Stîngu Catalina S , Schellenberger Wolfgang , Rodloff Arne C , Eschrich Klaus
Published: July 2013

Discrimination of Enterobacteriaceae and Non-fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has proven to be an effective identification tool in medical microbiology. Discrimination to subspecies or serovar level has been found to be challenging using commercially available identification software. By forming our own reference database and using alternative analysis methods, we could reliably identify all implemented Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram negative bacilli by MALDI-TOF MS and even succeeded to distinguish Shigella sonnei from Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar Enteritidis from Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Furthermore, the method showed the ability to separate Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) from non-enteropathogenic E. coli.
Alteration of adolescent self-efficacy when applying brief counseling at school
Authors: Rakauskiene Vinga , Dumciene Audrone
Published: July 2013

Our objective in this research was to establish the impact of brief solution-focused counseling on adolescents' self-efficacy. This counseling method is used to help adolescents to deal with various problems effectively. The results show that 65.6% of the counseled students achieved
prominent or moderate subjective solutions to their problems as a result of the counseling. We concluded that the method is suitable for counseling adolescents at school as it is a brief, well-structured, and flexible approach that helps to improve adolescents' self-efficacy and enables them
to experience a subjective decrease in the urgency of the problems they face.
The effect of perspective taking on negative cognitive responses induced by intergroup threat
Authors: Yang Qing , Zhao Yufang
Published: July 2013

In two related studies, we explored the influence of perspective taking on the moderation of negative cognitive responses induced by intergroup threat. In Study 1 we recruited undergraduate students at Southwest University who came from rural areas in China. Participants were randomly
assigned to either a threat condition group or a control group. We presented to all participants a policy advantageous to urban students and measured their level of opposition. Participants in the threat condition were more opposed to the policy than were the participants in the control condition.
In Study 2 we manipulated perspective taking and again measured the level of opposition of a group of students from rural areas to a policy advantageous to urban students. Participants in the perspective-taking condition were less opposed to the policy than were those in the control condition.
In summary, perspective taking positively influenced the moderation of negative cognitive responses induced by intergroup threat.
Content and construct of counterproductive work behavior in a chinese context
Authors: Xu Shiyong , Wang Qing , Liu Cong , Li Yuhui , Ouyang Kan
Published: July 2013

We conducted 2 studies in order to explore the content and construct of counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in a Chinese cultural context. In Study 1 we used a 4-category construct of CWB in China and the results showed that supervisor-related CWB was different from that identified
in Western studies. In Study 2 it was indicated that Chinese employees' interpersonal-related CWB involved indirect communication. The property-related CWB engaged in by Chinese employees was the tendency to abuse power for personal gain. Production-related CWB appeared to be openly expressed.
The results in this study deepen and extend our understanding of CWB in 2 important ways. First, they show that culture conditions people's thoughts about what is considered CWB and which behaviors are highlighted in a specific culture. Second, they lend support to the convergence and divergence
perspectives.
Neobisium crucis n. sp. and N. pluzinensis n. sp., two new cave-dwellers from Montenegro (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones)
Authors: Curcic B.P.M. , Radja T. , Dimitrijevic R.N. , Curcic S.B. , Curcic Nina , Ilic B.S.
Published: July 2013

The cave-dwelling forms of the genus Neobisium L. koch comprise many phyletic
lines, some less specialized and others highly adapted to cave life. To trace
their origin, biogeography and evolution, it is necessary to compare the
evidence about troglobitic species with that of the epigean forms from
different European habitats, especially in the Mediterranean or Dinaric
regions. In this study, descriptions of Neobisium crucis n. sp. and N.
pluzinensis n. sp., both from caves in Montenegro, are presented, with some
details on the comparative morphology and morphometric ratios.
Air quality indication in Blace (Southeastern Serbia) using lichens as bioindicators
Authors: Stamenkovic S.M. , Ristic Svetlana , Djekic Tatjana , Mitrovic Tatjana , Baosic Rada
Published: July 2013

Air quality investigations have not been undertaken in Blace until now.
Identifying the presence of different types of epiphytic lichens was
performed in the summer 2012 in Blace (southeastern Serbia), and selected
rural settlements around Blace, in order to establish the air quality of the
area. The analysis of samples from described localities indicated the
presence of 25 lichen taxa from 19 genera. Using the Index of Atmospheric
Purity (IAP), it was found that there are 2 different air pollution zones in
Blace: ?lichen desert? and ?transitional? or ?struggle zone?, which includes
the periphery of the city. In these zones the air is moderately polluted. In
the urban area of Blace there is no ?normal? zone, but one was detected in
the surrounding rural areas.
History gone wrong: Rousseau on corruption
Authors: Kroupa Gregor
Published: July 2013

It can be said that Rousseau is one of the most acute thinkers of the
corruption of civilization. In fact, the Second Discourse and the Essay on
the Origins of Languages could be read as elaborate analyses of advanc?ing
social and cultural decline inasmuch as mankind is continually moving away
from the original state of natural innocence. But Rousseau?s idea of
corruption is not straightforward. I try to show that in the Essay, Rousseau
emphasizes the natural causes for corruption. I argue that an opposition
between necessity and contingency, which more accurately represents the two
modes operating in Rousseau?s doctrine, should replace the standard
nature/culture divide. The contingency of natural catastrophes is found to
be ultimately responsible for the corruption in the social realm, which is
therefore largely driven by natural causes.
Corruption and the economy
Authors: Tanzi Vito
Published: July 2013

This paper focuses on the economic and not on the political impact of
corruption. Corruption delegitimizes the working of a market economy, as well
as the outcomes of political processes. This paper highlights ways in which
corruption, by distorting economic decisions and the working of the market
economy, inevitably reduces a country?s rate of growth. The paper also
discusses some of the channels through which corruption distorts various
economic decisions. Finally, the paper reports on some actions that have been
taken by countries in their attempt to reduce corruption stressing that the
fight against corruption cannot rely on a magic bullet but has to be fought
on many fronts.
Serbian anti-corruption policy: Welcome to Potemkin’s village?
Authors: van Duyne
Published: July 2013

Law enforcement in Serbia concerning the offence of corruption is similar to
a camera obscura: opacity prevails. This does not instil much trust in the
population: surveys carried out by or on behalf of the UN reveal that only
politicians and doctors are more distrusted than judges and prosecutors.
Corruption is a very underreported offence, as victims have the feeling that
the authorities do not care about corruption: why report? An extensive
statistical analysis of corruption cases handled by the prosecution and the
court showed that the camera obscura metaphor had to be refined: apart from
being opaque, the law enforcement institutions behave like a random box.
Neither in the prosecution service nor in the courts could a policy be
discerned. The outcome of the judicial system in terms of prosecution and
sentencing appeared to be statistically at random. A qualitative analysis of
the most serious corruption cases demonstrated to what extent these cases
occurred in all layers of society. In such cases the government was
non-responsive to complaints of its own institutions. Also in other matters
the authorities demonstrated a lot of foot dragging. Despite the
anti-corruption strategies one may wonder whether the government really
cares.
A brief survey of the fight against corruption in the Russian and Ottoman Empire in the first half of the 19th century
Authors: Jorgic Kristina , Colic Petar
Published: July 2013

For the Russian and Turkish Empire the nineteenth century is the period of
adopting reform laws to modernize the country in order to be competitive in
the course of time. Although the reform process in Russia was obstructed by
the Arakcheyev regime and reactionary politics of Nicholas I of Russia, the
government made a serious step in the fight against systemic corruption,
enacting the Criminal Code of 1845. On the other hand, Turkey was undoubtedly
under considerable foreign pressure concerning modernization processes. The
Tanzimat period represents a significant epoch in which Turkey, among other
countries, was faced with widespread corruption. The crown success of
reformatory work in Turkey was adoption of the Criminal Code of 1856. This
paper analyzes the specific laws which sanctioned corruption in these two
empires.
Hegels Begründung der Ästhetik durch die Bestimmung der kulturgeschichtlichen Funktion der Kunst
Authors: Grubor Nebojsa
Published: July 2013

In dieser Arbeit wird Hegels Begr?ndung der ?sthetik als Philosophie der
sch?nen Kunst und die Bestimmung der kulturgeschichtlichen Funktion der Kunst
behandelt. Der Aufsatz schlie?t sich an die Annemarie Geth?mann-Sieferts
Interpretation von Hegels ?sthetik. In dieser Interpretati?on wird Hegels
Kunsttheorie ausdr?cklich im Hinblick auf die Frage nach der Rolle der Kunst
in der Kultur und in der Geschichte er?rtert. Im Text wird zuerst Hegels
Ausschlie?en das Nautursch?nen und die Bestimmung der ?sthetik als
Philosophie der Kunst untersucht (I). Dann folgt die Er?rterung von Hegels
Widerlegung der Einw?rfe gegen die Philosophie der Kunst. Hegel geht auf die
Frage ein, ob die Kunst ?berhaupt einer philosophischer Betrachtung f?hig und
w?rdig sei, und diese Frage wird im Kontekst von Hegels systematischen
Ansatzes positiv beantwortet (II). Am Ende wird Hegels Begr?ndung der
?sthetik im Ausgang vom Einblick in der kulturgeschichtlichen Funktion der
Kunst als Deutung der Welt behandelt (III).
Casting techniques of cannonballs from the Akko 1 shipwreck: Archaeometallurgical investigation
Authors: Cvikel D. , Mentovich E.D. , Ashkenazi D. , Kahanov Y.
Published: July 2013

Eleven cannonballs were found in the Akko 1 shipwreck; two of them, a 9-pdr
and a 24-pdr, were retrieved and studied using archaeometallurgical methods.
Findings are reported in the present work. The aim of this research was to
study the manufacturing technologies of the two cannonballs, and if possible
to determine their date and manufacturing location according to the detailed
technological analysis. The examination used optical microscopy, scanning
electron microscopy, including energy dispersive spectroscopy, and hardness
tests. The results show that the two cannonballs were casted by sand moulds,
in two dissimilar processes and were made of different types of cast-iron.
The non-uniformity of the 24-pdr cannonball could be the outcome of using a
feeder of gray cast-iron in order to complete the casting process and
compensating for the shrinkage of the metal. Based on their manufacturing
process, it is suggested that the cannonballs were manufactured about the end
of the first half of the nineteenth century. Combined with the archaeological
and historical background, this supports the possibility that Akko 1 was a
naval auxiliary vessel, which was in Akko harbour circa 1840.
Synthesis of silver/copper nanoparticles and their metalmetal bonding property
Authors: Kobayashi Y. , Shirochi T. , Yasuda Y. , Morita T.
Published: July 2013

The present paper describes a metal-metal bonding technique using Cu
nanoparticles containing Ag nanoparticles (Ag/Cu nanoparticles). The Ag/Cu
nanoparticles with particle sizes of 30-85 nm and crystal sizes of 9.3 nm for
Cu and 8.1 nm for Ag were produced by reducing 5.0x10-3 M Ag+ (AgClO4) and
5.0x10-3 M Cu2+ (Cu(NO3)2) simultaneously with 1.0 M hydrazine in aqueous
solution containing 1.0 g/L poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as dispersing agent and
5?10-3 M citric acid as stabilizer at room temperature. Discs of metallic Cu
or metallic Ag were successfully bonded under annealing at 400?C and
pressurizing at 1.2 MPa for 5 min in H2 gas with help of the Ag/Cu particles.
The shear strengths required for separating the bonded discs were as large as
19.7 for the Cu discs and 16.0 MPa for the Ag discs.
Immigration and integration scenarios in global Europe: Forward-looking up to 2050
Authors: Avramov Dragana
Published: July 2013

The author develops a forward-looking approach to immigration and integration
of immigrants in global Europe. She discusses population prospects in the
light of several migration hypotheses including ?business as usual?,
replacement migration, and recruitment of immigrants to fill in the gaps in
the labour supply. She develops ?No immigration into European Union? as shock
hypothesis for the forward-looking storyline and identifies the key social
consequences of zero immigration desired in some policy circles. She proposes
addressing integration of immigrants scenarios alongside demographic
projections and labour market needs for future assessments of needs for
immigrants and for responsible governance.