bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Federated Learning Client Pruning for Noisy Labels
Authors: Morafah Mahdi , Chang Hojin , Chen Chen , Lin Bill
Published: November 2024

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized edge devices while preserving data privacy. However, existing FL methods often assume clean annotated datasets, impractical for resource-constrained edge devices. In reality, noisy labels are prevalent, posing significant challenges to FL performance. Prior approaches attempt label correction and robust training techniques but exhibit limited efficacy, particularly under high noise levels. This paper introduces ClipFL (
F
ederated
L
earning
Cli
ent
P
runing), a novel framework addressing noisy labels from a fresh perspective. ClipFL identifies and excludes noisy clients based on their performance on a clean validation dataset, tracked using a Noise Candidacy Score (NCS). The framework comprises three phases: pre-client pruning to identify potential noisy clients and calculate their NCS, client pruning to exclude a percentage of clients with the highest NCS, and post-client pruning for fine-tuning the global model with standard FL on clean clients. Empirical evaluation demonstrates ClipFL’s efficacy across diverse datasets and noise levels, achieving accurate noisy client identification, superior performance, faster convergence, and reduced communication costs compared to state-of-the-art FL methods. Our code is available at https://github.com/MMorafah/ClipFL.
Effects of Main Aging Mechanism and State of Charge on the Safety of 21700 Li-Ion Battery Cells with Ni-Rich NMC Cathode
Authors: Feinauer Max , Abd-El-Latif Abdelaziz A. , Sichler Peter , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret , Hölzle Markus , Waldmann Thomas
Published: November 2024

It is known that both the material used in Li-ion battery cells, as well as their aging history and state of charge (SOC), strongly impact the safety of such cells. This study investigates the safety characteristics of new or aged 21700 cells containing silicon-graphite blend anodes together with Ni-rich NMC cathodes by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) at different SOC. Cells underwent cyclic aging at 0 °C, room temperature, or 50 °C to induce different aging mechanisms including Li plating and solid electrolyte interphase growth. The quasi-adiabatic heat-wait-seek ARC tests show lower temperatures for self-heating (SH), CID triggering, venting, and thermal runaway (TR) with increasing SOC, indicating reduced safety levels. Furthermore, the mass loss and TR intensity increase as the SOC of the cell increases. Aged cells show a similar SOC dependence as new cells in view of venting and TR, although both temperatures are reduced. The onset of SH at around 35 °C, independent of SOC, reveals a significant safety issue in cells with Li plating. Additional cell voltage monitoring and on-line mass spectrometry provide further insights into the decomposition processes. Our findings provide essential knowledge to improve the safety and design of Li-ion battery cells by identifying unsafe states.
Understanding Electrochemical Behavior and Localized Corrosion Susceptibility in Cold Sprayed Al-Mg Binary Deposits with Varying Mg Contents
Authors: Kim Munsu , Brewer Luke N. , Kubacki Gregory W.
Published: November 2024

This paper elucidates electrochemical behavior and localized corrosion susceptibility in cold sprayed Al-Mg binary deposits with varying Mg content. Cold spray (CS) deposition is a solid-state deposition process, being investigated as protective layers and repair applications. Nevertheless, a lack of understanding of corrosion mechanisms in CS deposits is prevalent due to its complex microstructure-driven mechanisms different from wrought counterparts. Analytical electrochemistry techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization and Mott-Schottky testing showed that corrosion resistance increased with increased Mg content in CS Al-Mg binary deposits. However, immersion tests (50 h) demonstrated that the effect of Mg content on localized corrosion damage was insignificant compared to that of prior particle boundaries that primarily governed localized corrosion initiation and propagation.
Paper-Based Capacitive Solid-State Reference Electrode with Carbon Nanotubes and Adsorbed Heavy-Metal Ions
Authors: Yang Hao , Suzuki Hiroaki
Published: November 2024

We herein fabricated a capacitive solid-state reference electrode by loading a paper strip with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to increase double-layer capacitance and adsorbing heavy-metal ions thereon to charge the electrical double layer and minimize the effects of other ions on the interfacial potential difference. CNTs were loaded by immersing the paper strip into a CNT solution followed by drying. By repeating these steps up to 20 times and adsorbing Cu2+, we stabilized the electrode potential and minimized the influence of other ions and electroactive compounds. The potential of the best-performing CNT electrode in the presence of different electrolytes and electroactive compounds ranged from 243 to 249 mV, exhibiting a variation of ≤6 mV over 60 min, whereas gold, carbon paste, and copper electrodes exhibited potential variations of tens of mV or larger. The influence of pH was negligible, although that of buffer components was not negligible in some cases. The CNT reference electrode was tested by potentiometric ion sensing and cyclic voltammetry and shown to be a viable alternative to a macroscopic Ag/AgCl electrode.
A Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based on Fc-MWCNTs for the Rapid Detection of Antler Marker-Hyp
Authors: Sun Bolu , Zhou Miao , Da Xuanxiu , Lv Ying , Wang Xinlan , Yang Lin , Sun Ke , Hao Quan , Chai Guolin , Hu Fangdi , Kong Lingbin
Published: November 2024

Antler, as one of the monarchical herbs in Ginseng and antler solidifying and reducing pills, has the benefits of increasing kidney yang, nourishing essence and blood, and strengthening tendons and bones. In the face of the many different types of antler, how to screen out a representative ingredient that represents the overall quality of the herb as much as possible from the comprehensive evaluation of authenticity, quality, and therapeutic efficacy and recognize its rapid detection has become the key to the initial rapid evaluation of the quality of antler bulk medicinal materials. In recent years, hydroxyproline (Hyp) has been recognized as one of the index components of antler quality evaluation. Achieving its qualitative and quantitative rapid inspection is crucial for the quality assurance of antler bulk medicinal materials and the sustainable development of antler-related industries. Currently, the methods for determining Hyp are costly, time-consuming, and inefficient. As a result, there is a demand for rapid, simple, low cost, and dependable Hyp detection solutions. Molecularly imprinted polymer membranes (MIPs) are prime examples of biomimetic recognition materials. It has found significant application in the field of selective chemical sensing. In this study, we prepared MIPs by self-assembly on ferrocene (Fc)-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Thus, we developed a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for highly selective, sensitive, and rapid detection of the indicator components of antler quality evaluation - Hyp. The sensor had a detection limit of 9.0 × 10−3 μg ml within a range of 1.0 × 10−2 ∼ 1.0 × 103 μg ml−1 (S/N = 3). Using the sensor in actual samples resulted in recoveries ranging from 97.45 ∼ 107.70%, with RSD of 0.53 ∼ 1.28%. This work provides a novel approach for the initial screening evaluation of the quality of Chinese medicinal materials as well as a practical and effective way to quickly assess the quality of animal medicinal materials.
Perspective—Latest Updates and Future Perspectives on Perovskite Materials Based Humidity Sensors
Authors: Kumar Manish , Singh Dharm Veer , Dabas Samiksha , Srivastva Abhay Nanda , Dwivedi D. K. , Kumar Prashant
Published: November 2024

Humidity sensors play a noteworthy role in perceiving the moisture exposure in the course of anhydrous processes and product storage. The changes in electrical properties of several materials such as perovskites confirm the determination of humidity. At present, the quantification and detection of humidity is center of attention of sensor-based research and has enticed a prodigious research interest. Humidity sensors play a vital role in shaping the quality of products and accuracy of instruments. Consequently, there is a crucial necessity for a flow in research and progress to augment high precision, measurement techniques, and dependability of current humidity sensors.
Flexible Fe-Doped NiO/Ni-Foam Substrate Nano-System Based Electrode with Tunable Opto-Electrochemical Attributes for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Yadav Divya Deep , Kumar Ajay , Jha Ranjana , Singh Sukhvir
Published: November 2024

This work underlines the modification and effect of iron doping on different characteristics of NiO nanoparticles. The facile hydrothermal method was followed to form pristine and iron doped (4% and 8%) NiO sample. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques were employed for the identification of phase, morphology, microstructural details and optical property of the as synthesized Fe doped NiO samples. XRD measurements of the as synthesized Fe doped NiO samples revealed the polycrystalline nature with the crystallite size varying from 11 nm–20 nm showing hexagonal structure. Surface morphology investigation carried out by using SEM showed the varied morphology of as synthesized samples. UV–vis investigation revealed a red shift with increasing iron doping content, which corresponds to a decrease in optical bandgap values from 3.4 eV for pure NiO to 2.2 eV for 8% Fe doped NiO sample thus giving a wide tuneable absorption bandgap. The study of cyclovoltammetry and PEIS demonstrates the novelty of this work showing exceptionally high electrochemical performance in a three-electrode system with highest specific capacitance of 977 F g−1 at scan rate of 20 mV sec−1 for 8% doped sample.Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurement shows good ferromagnetic behaviour with high coercivity for iron doped NiO sample making it a useful MRI agent. The results demonstrate as synthesised iron doped NiO nanoparticles as viable material for supercapacitor applications.
CuTCNQ for Enzyme-Free Glucose Oxidation Modeled with Deep Learning LSTM Networks
Authors: Sharma Bharat Prasad , Tumrani Sadam Hussain , Khan Naeem Ullah , Soomro Razium Ali , Karakuş Selcan , Küçükdeniz Tarık , Sirrajuddin  , Nafady Ayman
Published: November 2024

Conductive, metal-organic complex, specifically a copper 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) structure, have emerged as a suitable catalyst for electrochemical oxidation reactions. Herein, CuTCNQ is explored as an electrocatalyst for directly oxidizing glucose molecules in alkaline media. The copper-centered organic complex offers a synergy of redox-chemistry (Cu (II/I)) and conductivity (TCNQ-), enabling amperometric non-enzymatic electroanalysis of glucose from 3.0 to 39.0 mM with a LOD of 0.15 μM(S/N = 3). The interaction of CuTCNQ with glucose is evaluated via DFT where a calculated binding energy of −0.21 Ha, alongside a reduced HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 0.873 eV confirms favorability of Cu-TCNQ-glucose complex, and enhanced electron transfer potential. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) based assessment confirms catalyst suitability for higher concentration range where adaptation of machine learning (ML) algorithm confirms Long short-term memory (LSTM) network superiority in modeling concentration dependencies and sequential glucose oxidation patterns. The LSTM’s relatively lower MSE (0.1430), MAE (0.0207), and RMSE (0.1439) compared to traditional ML models (Linear Regression, Random Forest, and LightGBM) confirm their effectiveness for validating electrocatalyst performance.
Students are more than their scores: educators have the power to change how students perceive success
Authors: Lujan Heidi L. , DiCarlo Stephen E.
Published: November 2024

John Wooden, the legendary University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) basketball coach, emphasized that success is about personal growth, not outperforming others. This lesson is crucial for educators, who often focus too much on grades. By doing so, they risk teaching students to measure their worth by numbers instead of effort, progress, and self-improvement.
Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of K‐Carrageenan/Graphene/Bismuth Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Escuadro Cathy B. , Santos Gil Nonato C.
Published: November 2024

With the health and environmental hazards posed by fossil‐based polymer materials, a significant shift toward sustainable, bio‐based alternatives has gained prominence. K‐carrageenan, derived from red seaweeds, is among the bio‐based polymers with promising potential due to its strong film‐forming ability. However, their relatively lower thermal and mechanical properties limit their widespread application in the industry. To enhance their properties and stretch its application, k‐carrageenan was reinforced with bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) and graphene nanosheets (GNS). GNS were synthesized using chemical exfoliation and Bi2O3 NPs through the hydrothermal method. This study has fabricated a novel k‐carrageenan/GNS/Bi2O3NPs (K‐CGBi) nanocomposite films via the facile, eco‐friendly, cost‐effective solution casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with elemental dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) was used to examine its surface morphology and elemental composition, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate its chemical composition. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed, and their thermal conductivity was also measured to investigate their thermal properties. Morphological analysis confirms the nanofillers were successfully embedded in the matrix, characterized by aggregates of Bi2O3 NP and GNS randomly dispersed at its surface. The inclusion of Bi2O3 NPs and GNS (K‐CGBi) further improved the thermal stability of the film samples as demonstrated by its TGA and DSC results, compared to the addition of pure GNS alone (K‐CG) and neat k‐carrageenan film (K‐C). Similarly, its thermal conductivity showed a notable increase at 59% compared to the K‐C film and 46% higher than the K‐CG film. Furthermore, K‐CGBi exhibits improved mechanical properties with a 56% enhancement of tensile strength (TS) compared to neat K‐C film. Considering their properties, K‐CGBi film can potentially be applied to applications where low to moderate temperature control and mechanical durability are required, such as in packaging, flexible electronics, pharmaceutical and biomedical transport, and cold‐chain processing.
Chinese Version of the Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale for Clinical Nurses: A Translation and Psychometric Validation Study
Authors: Liang Hui Yu , Da Dai Hung , Chuang Jin Yun , Tseng Tzu Yi , Yu Shu
Published: November 2024

Background: The global environment is continually changing; therefore, adaptability has become a crucial skill in most careers, including nursing. Career adaptability, which is essential to nurses’ career development, influences nurse retention. However, to the best of our knowledge, no suitable tool has been developed for assessing the career adaptability of clinical nurses in Taiwan.

Aim: To translate the Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale (CAAS) into traditional Chinese and validate the psychometric properties of this Chinese version of the CAAS (named CAAS‐C).

Methods: A two‐phase cross‐sectional study was conducted. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 584 registered nurses from two teaching hospitals in Taiwan. The CAAS was translated in accordance with a modified version of Brislin’s guidelines, that is, through forward translation, back‐translation, and expert committee review. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency, content validity, and construct validity were evaluated to assess the psychometric properties of the CAAS‐C.

Results: The results revealed a content validity index value of 0.96. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed acceptable model fit. The test–retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.82), and the internal consistency of the CAAS‐C was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90–0.96).

Conclusions: The CAAS‐C is a brief, valid, and reliable instrument for measuring the career adaptability of clinical nurses.

Implications for Nursing Management: The CAAS‐C can be used to evaluate Taiwanese nurses’ career adaptability and develop effective strategies for improving nurses’ responsiveness to their rapidly changing work environments, which can improve adaptation and retention.
Torsional Vibration Characteristics Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
Authors: Wen Zhiyong , Guo Baoyu , Nie Hongfei , Chen Lin , Liu Shaofei , Yan Zhengfeng
Published: November 2024

The diversity of vibration excitation sources and working modes in hybrid electric vehicles makes the problem of torsional vibration in the powertrain more prominent. To address the intricate torsional vibration issues in hybrid electric vehicles, this study analyzes the vibration characteristics of the powertrain and optimizes the parameters of the torsional damper. A torsional vibration model of the parallel hybrid powertrain was established, and the model’s validity was verified through resonance analysis of its inherent and excitation characteristics. The vibration suppression properties of the torsional damper were examined under acceleration, idle loading, and engine starting conditions, leading to the establishment of a parameter optimization scheme considering multiple working conditions. Following optimization, the root mean square value of the powertrain’s angular acceleration decreased by over 20% under the three working conditions, confirming the efficacy of the proposed optimization scheme.
Table 1 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Clinical characteristics for each patient in the cohort. There were 51 patients in the “MET” cohort and 73 patients in the “NED” cohort. Data from each patient were collected including age at time of prostatectomy, years of follow up, PSA levels at time of biopsy, race, lymph node status, and tumor margins. Tumor stage and Gleason score information are provided in Supplementary Table S4
Figure S10 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Collagenase digested MALDI images with 5 TMAs
Figure 1 from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Workflow protocols for sample preparation. For N-glycan analysis, FFPE slides were deparaffinized and rehydrated before undergoing antigen retrieval in citraconic buffer. PNGaseF (1) was applied as a “dry” molecular coating before a 2-hour incubation at 37°C. CHCA matrix was applied, and imaging of N-glycans was performed. For analysis of core- vs outer-arm fucosylated N-glycans, enzyme EndoF3 (2) was dialyzed before application, and imaging of EndoF3-digested N-glycans was performed before subsequent PNGaseF digestion and imaging of remaining N-glycans. Following glycan imaging, CHCA matrix was removed from tissues, and samples were histologically analyzed following H&E staining. Tissues underwent a second antigen retrieval with tris buffer before COLaseIII (3) was applied as a “dry” molecular coating. Slides were incubated for 5 hours at 37°C. CHCA matrix was applied, and imaging of collagen/ECM peptides was performed.
Data from Determining the N-Glycan and Collagen/Extracellular Matrix Protein Compositions in a Novel Outcome Cohort of Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarrays Using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Young Lyndsay E.A. , Grimsley Grace , Bethard Jennifer R. , Troyer Dean A. , Hernandez Javier , Wu Jennifer D. , Ippolito Joseph E. , Ball Lauren E. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Mehta Anand S. , Leach Robin J. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R.
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prostate cancer is a significant health concern, with metastasis posing major clinical challenges and resulting in poor patient outcome. Despite screening and treatment advances, a critical need for novel biomarkers to predict prostate cancer progression at the time of prostatectomy persists. Here, we assessed aberrant N-glycosylation patterns and alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as potential biomarkers of predicting prostate cancer severity in a unique patient outcome cohort. Tissue microarray slides were assembled from primary prostatectomy specimens that were categorized into “no evidence of disease (NED)” and “metastasis (MET)” designations based on >5-year disease progression outcomes. Serial mass spectrometry imaging techniques were performed to analyze N-glycans and ECM components in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cores. The results revealed a significant upregulation of bisecting and multiantennary core-fucosylated N-glycans in MET tissues when compared with NED tissues. Alterations in ECM composition in both NED and MET cohorts were observed, particularly in collagen species and the amount of hydroxyproline content. Results suggest a coordinated alteration of ECM protein and glycosylation content in prostate cancer tissues can be predictive for postprostatectomy disease progression.
Significance:
Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging techniques on a unique cohort of prostate cancer tissues, we highlighted several molecular characteristics of matrix that have potential to act as early predictors of prostate cancer metastasis.
Pulsed Field Ablation as First-Line Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: A Substudy of the EU-PORIA Registry
Authors: Füting Anna , Neven Kars , Bordignon Stefano , Reichlin Tobias , Blaauw Yuri , Hansen Jim , Adelino Raquel , Ouss Alexandre , Roten Laurent , Mulder Bart A. , Ruwald Martin H. , Mené Roberto , van der Voort Pepijn , Reinsch Nico , Kueffer Thomas , Boveda Serge , Albrecht Elizabeth M. , Raybuck Jonathan D. , Sutton Brad , Chun Kyoung Ryul Julian , Schmidt Boris
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of early ablation in preventing the progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). Clinical practice has reflected this shift in AF management and no longer requires patients to fail antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) before receiving ablation. However, there is limited evidence on outcomes with pulsed field ablation (PFA) as a first-line therapy. Examination of real-world data may shed light on clinical practices and the effectiveness of PFA with and without a prior history of AAD usage.

METHODS:

European Real World Outcomes with Pulsed Field Ablation is an all-comer AF registry enrolling consecutive patients treated with the pentaspline PFA catheter at 7 high-volume centers in Europe. This subanalysis evaluates patients with a history of class I/III AAD use versus those with no documented history of class I/III AAD use (first-line patients). Patients with incomplete AAD history, long-standing persistent AF, and those undergoing a repeat ablation procedure were excluded. Patients were treated and followed based on institutional standard of care. Any episode of atrial tachycardia or AF lasting longer than 30 s was considered an arrhythmia recurrence.

RESULTS:

Of 1233 patients enrolled in European real world outcomes with pulsed field ablation, 1091 met the inclusion criteria (mean age, 66 years; 40% females; and persistent AF, 36%). Pulmonary vein isolation-only was used in 90% of the patients, and 10% received extra-PV ablation. Ablation as the first-line approach was chosen in 589 patients, and 502 patients had prior class I/III AAD use. In the first-line PFA group, paroxysmal AF was more frequent (68% versus 59%;
P
<0.001), and pulmonary vein isolation-only was more frequent (93% versus 86%;
P
<0.001). At 1-year follow-up, freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia recurrence was similar in the ablation-first versus the ablation after failed AAD group (78% versus 74%, respectively;
P
=0.076).

CONCLUSION:

In this large real-world PFA registry, freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia recurrence after 1 year was similar in patients undergoing PFA as a first-line treatment and those with prior failed AAD therapy.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05823818.
Declining Trend of Sudden Cardiac Death in Younger Individuals: A 20-Year Nationwide Study
Authors: Hansen Carl Johann , Svane Jesper , Warming Peder Emil , Lynge Thomas Hadberg , Garcia Rodrigue , Hansen Carolina Malta , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Banner Jytte , Winkel Bo Gregers , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Declining cardiovascular mortality rates have been well-documented, yet temporal trends of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals remain unclear. We provide contemporary nationwide estimates of the temporal trends of SCD in young individuals (1–35 years of age) from 2000 through 2019 and correlate these trends to changes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patterns, rates of inherited cardiac diseases, and implantations of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD).

METHODS:

All individuals between 1 and 35 years of age living in Denmark from 2000 through 2019 were included, with annual re-evaluation of the at-risk population in regard to age. Adjudication of SCD cases relied on multiple sources, including death certificates, medical files, and autopsy reports. Information on OHCA, diagnostic rates, and ICD implantations were captured from nationwide administrative registries. Annual incidence rates of SCD were calculated, and temporal trends in SCD incidence were computed as percentage change annualized. Trends in OHCA survival and characteristics, diagnostic rates of inherited cardiac diseases, and ICD implantations were assessed.

RESULTS:

During the 20-year study period (47.5 million person-years), 1057 SCDs were identified (median age, 29 years; 69% male). The overall incidence of SCD was 2.2 per 100 000 person-years and declined by 3.31% (95% CI, 2.42–4.20) annually, corresponding to a 49% (95% CI, 38.7–57.6) reduction during the study. Rates of witnessed SCD declined markedly (percentage change annualized −7.03% [95% CI, −8.57 to −5.48]), but we observed no changes in the rate of unwitnessed SCD (percentage change annualized −0.09% [95% CI, −1.48 to 1.31]). Therefore, the proportion of unwitnessed SCD increased by 79% (
P
<0.001). Survival after OHCA in young individuals (1 to 35 years of age) increased from 3.9% to 28%, mainly because of increased bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation rates. Diagnostic rates of inherited cardiac diseases increased 10-fold (incidence rate ratio, 10.4 [95% CI, 8.46–12.90]) and the ICD implantation rate increased 2-fold (incidence rate ratio, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.51–2.60]).

CONCLUSIONS:

SCD incidence rates in young individuals declined by 49% over the past 2 decades. The decline was paralleled by improved survival of OHCA, higher diagnostic rates of inherited cardiac diseases, and higher ICD implantation rates. However, rates of unwitnessed SCD were unchanged, which calls for new perspectives in preventive strategies.
Neutrophil CRACR2A Promotes Neutrophil Recruitment in Sterile Inflammation and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Jingu , Balzraine Brett , Schweizer Alexis , Kuzmanova Vasilisa , Gwack Yousang , Razani Babak , Lee Jin-Moo , Mosher Deane F. , Cho Jaehyung
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Ca
2+
release-activated Ca
2+
channel regulator 2A (CRACR2A) has been linked to immunodeficiency attributable to T-cell dysfunction in humans. We discovered that neutrophil CRACR2A promotes neutrophil adhesive and migratory functions by facilitating Ca
2+
mobilization and β2 integrin activation.

METHODS:

Myeloid-specific cracr2a conditional knockout mice and intravital microscopy were used to investigate the physiologic role of neutrophil cracr2a in neutrophil recruitment in vascular inflammation. Cracr2a-deficient neutrophils or dHL-60 (differentiated human neutrophil-like) cells and CRACR2A-derived peptides were used in flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, cytosolic Ca
2+
mobilization, and flow chamber assays to elucidate the molecular mechanism. Four-dimensional confocal intravital microscopy of mice after focal brain ischemia and single neutrophil behavioral analysis demonstrated the pathologic role of neutrophil cracr2a in brain damage.

RESULTS:

Compared with wild-type control mice, cracr2a conditional knockout mice exhibited significantly reduced adhesion, crawling, and transmigration of neutrophils on ear and cremaster venules in tumor necrosis factor–α–induced sterile inflammation. Neutrophil cracr2a rapidly interacts with STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) after agonist stimulation and facilitates Ca
2+
mobilization, increasing the ligand-binding function of β2 integrin. Our findings in cracr2a-deficient mouse neutrophils are recapitulated in dHL-60 cells, in which CRACR2A is deleted by CRISPR/Cas9. Furthermore, overexpression of CRACR2A in CRACR2A KO dHL-60 cells restores normal function. Using a series of peptides covering the coiled-coil region of CRACR2A, we identified a palmitoylated 20-mer that blocks STIM1–CRACR2A interaction. Treating neutrophils with this 20-mer inhibits Ca
2+
mobilization and β2 integrin activation after agonist stimulation, reducing neutrophil recruitment to an activated endothelial cell monolayer under venous shear stress and to ear venules in tumor necrosis factor–α–challenged mice. Cerebral 4-dimensional intravital microscopy of mice after focal brain ischemia revealed that neutrophil cracr2a enhances the emergence of highly migratory neutrophils by increasing the surface level of αMβ2 integrin, thereby facilitating neutrophil infiltration into brain tissue and exacerbating brain injury.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results demonstrate that neutrophil CRACR2A promotes neutrophil recruitment to sites of sterile inflammation, such as ischemic stroke. Blocking the STIM1–CRACR2A interaction may be a novel therapeutic strategy to mitigate inflammation and consequent tissue injury.
UBR1 Promotes Sex-Dependent ACE2 Ubiquitination in Hypertension
Authors: Elgazzaz Mona , Lakkappa Navya , Berdasco Clara , Mohan Uma Priya , Nuzzo Anna , Restivo Luke , Martinez Alexa , Scarborough Amy , Guidry Jessie J. , Sriramula Srinivas , Xu Jiaxi , Daoud Hisham , Mendiola Plá Michelle A. , Bowles Dawn E. , Beyer Andreas M. , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck , Yue Xinping , Filipeanu Catalin M. , Lazartigues Eric
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Ang-II (angiotensin II) impairs the function of the antihypertensive enzyme ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) by promoting its internalization, ubiquitination, and degradation, thus contributing to hypertension. However, few ACE2 ubiquitination partners have been identified, and their role in hypertension remains unknown.

METHODS:

Proteomics and bioinformatic analyses were used to identify ACE2 ubiquitination partners in the brain, heart, and kidney of hypertensive C57BL6/J mice of both sexes. The interaction between UBR1 (ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin) and ACE2 was validated in cells. Central and peripheral UBR1 knockdown was then performed in male mice to investigate its role in the maintenance of hypertension.

RESULTS:

Proteomics analysis of the hypothalamus identified UBR1 as a potential E3 (ubiquitin protein ligase) ligase promoting ACE2 ubiquitination. Enhanced UBR1 expression, associated with ACE2 reduction, was confirmed in various tissues from hypertensive male mice and human samples. Treatment of endothelial and smooth muscle cells with testosterone, but not 17β-estradiol, confirmed a sex-specific regulation of UBR1. In vivo silencing of UBR1 using chronic administration of small interference RNA resulted in the restoration of ACE2 levels in hypertensive male mice. A transient decrease in blood pressure after intracerebroventricular, but not systemic, infusion was also observed. Interestingly, UBR1 knockdown increased brain activation of Nedd4-2 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4), an E3 ligase promoting ACE2 ubiquitination, and reduced expression of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1, the kinase that inactivates Nedd4-2.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data demonstrate that UBR1 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting ACE2 in hypertension. UBR1 and Nedd4-2 appear to work synergistically to ubiquitinate ACE2. Targeting these ubiquitin ligases may represent a novel strategy to restore ACE2 compensatory activity in hypertension.
Paradoxes and Pitfalls of Ethnicity in Military History: Understanding the Miao in Fenghuang Through Official Gazetteers
Authors: Tang Jonathan
Published: November 2024

This article uses the 1988 gazetteer for Fenghuang County, Hunan Province, to examine several Chinese depictions of ethnic rebellion by the Miao minority against the Han majority. While this analysis complicates the Han-centric racial nationalism and the civilizational discourse commonly found in the People’s Republic of China today, it concludes that ethnicity matters more in 1988, and clearly in 2024, than it did in 1795 and 1936.
The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution VIII. Family Andrenidae, subfamily Panurginae
Authors: ASTAFUROVA YULIA V. , PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU.
Published: November 2024

The type specimens for names of bee taxa in the subfamily Panurginae of family Andrenidae deposited in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg) are reviewed. Primary types of 39 taxa are illustrated and detailed information is provided (taxa include 19 described by F. Morawitz; nine by V. Popov; seven by T. Romankova and Yu. Astafurova; three by E. Eversmann; one by A. Osytshnjuk). Panurginus nitidulus Morawitz, 1889 sp. resurr. is resurrected from synonymy with P. nigripes Morawitz, 1880. A new synonymy is established for Camptopoeum rufiventre Morawitz, 1880=C. rufiventre flavovaria Popov, 1936, syn. nov. Panurgus clypeatus Eversmann, 1852 was synonymised with Panurginus labiatus (Eversmann, 1852) but is now recognised as a synonym of Panurginus niger Nylander, 1848, syn. nov. Lectotypes are here designated for the following ten nominal taxa: Camptopoeum altaicum Morawitz, 1891, C. rufiventre flavovaria Popov, 1936, C. schewyrewi Morawitz, 1897, Epimethea variegata Morawitz, 1875, Macrocera nasalis Eversmann, 1852, Panurginus nitidulus Morawitz, 1889, P. semiopacus Morawitz, 1894, Panurgus clypeatus Eversmann, 1852, P. siculus Morawitz, 1871, and Poecilomelitta ornata Popov, 1951.
Contrasting Southern Ocean Sea Level Responses to Surface Flux Changes in Eddy-Rich and Eddy-Parameterized Climate Model Configurations
Authors: Wickramage Chathurika , Köhl Armin , Haak Helmuth , Jungclaus Johann , Stammer Detlef
Published: November 2024

The impact of ocean model resolution on sea level projections in the Southern Ocean is investigated using eddy-rich (ER) and eddy-parameterized configurations of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 5-8.5 scenario. We employ the Flux-Anomaly Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) experiment—heat, stress, and freshwater perturbations—at both resolutions to pinpoint the sources of these differences. South of 55°S, we found that the changes in thermosteric and halosteric sea levels vary substantially between resolutions due to different responses to freshwater perturbations. In the eddy-parameterized model, the resulting increase in stratification suppresses the mixing of salt and heat from the Circumpolar Deep Water with surface layers. These cause differences in the response of surface fluxes and meridional transports yielding an increase in thermosteric sea levels and a decrease in halosteric sea levels. In the eddy-rich configuration, the main driver of eddy-induced warming and salinification between 40° and 44°S is wind stress perturbations. The efficiency of direct eddy effects in ER is restricted to small areas such as the Agulhas Retroflection, the Brazil–Malvinas confluence zone, the Tasman Sea, and, to some extent, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Contrary to expectations, ACC transport increases in the eddy-rich model while decreasing in the eddy-parameterized model under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. FAFMIP results reveal that this decrease is a result of the overcompensation of wind-induced changes by freshwater flux forcing. These results underscore the critical importance of high-resolution models for capturing the processes in sea level projections in the Southern Ocean and beyond.

Significance Statement

We studied how ocean model resolution affects sea level projections in the Southern Ocean using Max Planck Institute Earth System Model simulations. Higher-resolution models provide a more accurate representation of ocean circulation and its response to changing forcings. We examined how surface heat, momentum, and water fluxes, both separately and combined, shape ocean dynamics. In a strong global warming scenario, significant differences in steric sea level change were observed south of 55°S between the model that simulates eddies and the one that has their effects parameterized. The response to surface freshwater forcing is the primary cause of these differences. Our findings emphasize the critical role of ocean model resolution in accurately understanding and predicting future sea level changes, which is essential for effectively addressing our needs for adaptation.
Mental disorder symptoms and diagnoses are differently associated with labour market attachment and registered income until midlife: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Majuri Tuomas , Huikari Sanna , Jääskeläinen Erika , Ala-Mursula Leena , Rissanen Ina , Korhonen Marko
Published: November 2024

Background:

Both the symptoms and diagnoses of mental health disorders affect individuals’ occupational status and income. However, studies that compare the impact of differences between symptoms and diagnoses on occupational outcomes are lacking.

Aims:

This study aimed to compare labour market attachment and income until midlife between individuals with different histories of mental disorder symptoms and diagnoses.

Method:

Utilizing the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with linkages to national registers and self-reported mental disorder symptoms at the age of 31, we compared labour market attachment and income until midlife among individuals with neither mental disorder symptoms nor a diagnosis (reference group), symptomatic undiagnosed mental disorder, asymptomatic diagnosed mental disorder, and with symptomatic diagnosed mental disorder by using cross-tabulations and regression analyses. We stratified our analysis by sex.

Results:

Compared to the reference group, males but not females with symptomatic undiagnosed mental disorder had an increased risk for poor labour market attachment, with Odds Ratios (95% Confidence intervals) 2.26 [1.41, 3.63] and 0.87 [0.63, 1.19], respectively. The analogous risk was heightened for both males and females with asymptomatic diagnosed mental disorders or symptomatic diagnosed mental disorders. Regarding income, having mental disorder symptoms, a diagnosis, or both was associated with lower earnings irrespective of sex.

Conclusions:

Mental disorder symptoms and diagnoses are differently associated with labour market attachment and income. Our findings suggest that interventions should be offered not only based on diagnoses but also based on symptoms as they may serve as predictors of future challenges related to work careers.
Mobility, infrastructure, and peacebuilding: (Im-)mobilising Morocco's waters in the early French Protectorate, 1912–1925
Authors: Rensen Bas
Published: November 2024

The Administration of the French Protectorate in Morocco sought to build water infrastructure to redirect water resources into the colonial economy. Moroccan water users resisted this process intensely, forcing the Administration to adjust its aims. This article examines this historical conflict through a mobility lens. It argues that the mobile nature of water was a formative element in shaping Moroccan resistance because of the potential of water mobilisation to evoke an emotive response. Perceiving this response as an element of mobility allows a more profound analysis of “active violent infrastructure”, as it explores the need of colonial elites to navigate this emotive response while planning marginalising and deleterious infrastructural designs.
Spousal Loss- Older Adults’ Gender-specific Experiences With Resilience in Pakistan’s Sindh Province
Authors: David Maya Khemlani , Ali Ameer
Published: November 2024

Spousal loss among older persons is an emerging public health concern. Older adults from Pakistan’s Sindh province may be particularly vulnerable when encountering the tragedy of spousal loss due to their age. Although resilience in older persons who live in social isolation has been researched extensively, less is known about older Sindhi adults’ experience of how they achieve resilience after late-life spousal loss, and what different ways of achieving resilience are used by male and female older persons. This study aims to explore how older persons achieve resilience and how ways of achieving resilience differ across gender lines. The criterion-based selection of participants was undertaken before doing interviews. Data were collected via in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with twenty six bereaved older adults, ranging in age from sixty two to seventy four, all living in Pakistan’s Sindh province. Follow-up discussions with the participants improved the credibility of findings and contributed to the depth and breadth of the study. Employing the concept of resilience as our analytical lens, we identified social engagement, cultural activities and leisurely activities that contributed to the post spousal loss resilience in older persons.
Growth Coalitions Within a Corporatist Setting: How Manufacturing Interests Dominated the German Response to the Energy Crisis
Authors: Di Carlo Donato , Hassel Anke , Höpner Martin
Published: November 2024

Since the introduction of the euro, German growth has been primarily based on exports. Signs of an exhaustion of Germany's export-led growth model were already evident before the energy crisis of 2022–23, which hit the country hard. German elites could have capitalized on the shock to rebalance their growth strategy. But the opposite happened: the government's adjustment strategy has aimed at doubling down on export-led growth and protecting the core export industries. This article investigates the politics of Germany's economic policymaking in hard times. We show that the government's economic policy responses were driven largely by an export sector growth coalition led by cross-class alliances in the chemical, metalworking, and engineering sectors. In contrast to previous corporatist decision-making, which aimed to include broader societal concerns in peak-level concertation, German corporatism has undergone a functional transformation toward the predominance of export sector distributive coalitions. This article's findings contribute to the emerging literature on the politics of growth models in comparative political economy.
A test-driven methodology for designing robot controllers and simulators using enzymatic numerical P system models
Authors: Traian Bobe Radu , Gheorghe Marian , Ipate Florentin , Mihai Niculescu Ionuţ
Published: November 2024

The design of model-based robot controllers or simulators requires the use of adequate approaches for selecting the models that fit their functions and intended behavior. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on a test-driven method for designing robot controller simulators that use enzymatic numerical P system models. By applying this methodology, different instances of the model are obtained by tuning different aspects, such as the structure, functions, and parameters of the model based on a set of testing scenarios. Another set of tests is used to validate the model instances obtained. The paper, through the methodology proposed, provides an effective way of combining modeling, simulation, and testing in conjunction with a set of tools associated with them.
“Do I know how you feel?” Parents’ and adolescents’ recognition of each other’s daily moods
Authors: Shay Shir , Zamir-Sela Yael , Darwish Shiran , Gilboa Ziv , Maimon-Alimi Merav , Arbel Reout
Published: November 2024

The study tested daily mutual emotion recognition in 153 parent-adolescent triads, adolescents’ mean age, 15.71 years ( SD = 1.53), 51% girls. Over seven consecutive days, adolescents and parents provided self and other reports on daily positive mood, daily negative mood (distress, anger), and daily time spent together. A series of analyses of variance showed parents underestimated adolescents’ positive and negative moods, while adolescents overestimated parents’ negative moods and underestimated positive ones. Multilevel path analysis showed mothers recognized adolescents’ negative and positive daily moods, while fathers only recognized adolescents’ positive mood. Adolescents recognized changes in their parents’ daily moods, but not always the emotion type. All significant daily associations were modest. Overall, it seems parents and adolescents are not well-informed on each other’s affective changes.