bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Jet Guided Laser Cutting of Thick Section Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Mason Ben , Elkington Helen , Sezer Kursad , Marimuthu Sundar
Published: July 2024

Laser cutting is well established for cutting metals, alloys, and ceramics. However, its application for cutting fibre reinforced polymer composites is constrained due to specific challenges. The distinct optical and thermal properties of the fibres and matrix often lead to excessive thermal damage. Thick-section laser cutting of composites is an especially challenging task. The water jet guided laser (WJGL), employing a hair-thin water jet to guide the laser, has proven successful for such challenging materials. Thermal damage is minimized by effective in-situ cooling of the interaction zone by the water flow. This work evaluates the feasibility of WJGL cutting glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). A WJGL system, fitted with a 400 W green nanosecond laser, was used to cut 7.5 mm thick GFRP using a multi-pass strategy. Effective cutting speeds of up to 10.1 mm/min were obtained with an average wall taper of 1.91°. Improvements in taper angle were realised via reduced effective cutting speeds (0.81°, 7.5 mm/min). Defects including charring, edge chipping, and matrix discolouration were observed. These results show that while the WJGL can cut thick GFRP with minimal defects, further work is required to enhance the productivity before the technique could be viable for widespread adoption.
Exploring the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in treating Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) outcomes: a systematic review.
Authors: Lai Daniel , Liu Zhao , Johnston Elaine , Dikomitis Lisa , D'Oliveira Teresa , Shergill Sukhi
Published: July 2024

Background:
It remains unclear how to optimise critical care rehabilitation outcomes to reduce the constellation of long-term physical, psychological and cognitive impairments known as Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). Possible reasons for poor recovery include access to care and delayed treatment. eHealth could potentially aid in increasing access and provide consistent care remotely. Our review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions on PICS outcomes.
Methods:
Studies reporting eHealth interventions targeting Post Intensive Care Syndrome outcomes, published in Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus from 30th January 2010 to 12th February 2024, were included in the review. Study eligibility was assessed by two reviewers and any disagreements were discussed between them or resolved by a third reviewer. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Further to the identification of effective strategies, our review also aimed to clarify the timeline of recovery considered and the outcomes or domains targeted by the interventions.
Results:
Out of 3,673 articles screened, 13 studies were included in our review. Most studies were conducted in the early post discharge phase (i.e., < 3 months) and presented preliminary effectiveness of eHealth interventions on physical and psychological outcomes. Despite evidence suggesting an optimisation of rehabilitative effects when multiple domains are targeted in the intervention, research has yet to concurrently target all three domains of PICS. Though the interventions were described as feasible and acceptable in all studies, the lack of robust monitoring systems to track the PICS domain outcomes is indisputable.
Conclusion:
Our systematic review highlighted the promising contributions of eHealth with preliminary support for the feasibility and effectiveness of interventions in the early stages of post-critical care rehabilitation. However, it also highlights the fragmented approach to the concept of PICS. The 3 domains should be viewed as interrelated and not as distinct areas of recovery. Future research needs to investigate an integrative approach to these three domains, explore potential domain interrelationships, consider the challenges associated with large-scale eHealth implementation, and greater use of remote monitoring systems. Despite these challenges, eHealth is a critical solution in providing access, continuity, and sustainable care in the post-critical care setting.
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on miR-29c and miR-146a Expression in the Hippocampus of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats
Authors: Ichi Mehdi Soltani , Shabkhiz Fatemeh , Kordi Mohammadreza
Published: July 2024

Background/objectives:
MicroRNAs have recently emerged as potential biomarkers for various diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and neurological disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether microRNA-146a, its inflammatory mediator (TNF-α), and microRNA-29c expression are altered in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats following high-intensity interval training (HIIT).
Methods
Twenty-four male Wistar rats (180 ± 10 g, 6–8 weeks old) were divided into four groups: control (C), diabetic (D-1w), diabetic (D-6w), and diabetic high-intensity interval training (Dia-Exe). Diabetes was induced by a single-dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5) in rats fasted for 12 hours with blood sugar exceeding 250. The effects of six weeks of HIIT on hippocampal microRNA-146a, microRNA-29c expression, and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were evaluated using Real-Time PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively.
Results
Diabetic rats displayed reduced miR-146a and increased microRNA-29c expression in the hippocampus compared to controls. Additionally, TNF-α levels were elevated in the D groups compared to the C group. However, HIIT training in the Dia-Exe group significantly decreased microRNA-29c and TNF-α expression while increasing microRNA-146a expression compared to the D-6w group.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that increased hyperglycemia and inflammation in diabetic rats are associated with brain impairment and negatively correlated with miR-146a and microRNA-29c expression. HIIT training appears to improve glycemic control and inflammatory conditions in diabetic rats.
Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Archaeal Extracellular Vesicles from the Human Gut
Authors: Moissl-Eichinger Christine , Weinberger Viktora , Darnhofer Barbara , Mertelj Polona , Stentz Régis , Thapa Himadri , Jones Emily , Grabmann Gerlinde , Mohammadzadeh Rokhsareh , Shinde Tejus , Juodeikis Rokas , Pernitsch Dominique , Hingerl Kerstin , Zurabischvili Tamara , Kumpitsch Christina , Kuehnast Torben , Kolb Dagmar , Cross Kathryn , Weichhart Thomas , Koecher Thomas , Koefeler Harald , Carding Simon , Schild Stefan
Published: July 2024

Microorganisms thriving in the human gastrointestinal microbiome have developed numerous mechanisms for microbiome-host and microbe-microbe interaction, including the formation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the interactive mechanisms of members of the human archaeome remained largely unexplored. Here, we report the capability of two Methanobrevibacter strains M. smithii, Cand. M. intestini and Methanosphaera stadtmanae, to produce EVs. While the size (~ 130 nm) and morphology of these archaeal EVs were comparable to bacterial EVs, proteomic and metabolomic analyses revealed unique traits. The proteins found in both the EVs of M. smithii and Cand. M. intestini (n = 229) predominantly included adhesin and adhesin-like proteins, involved in archaea-surface and archaea-bacteria interaction. Additionally, the archaeal EVs contained glutamic acid and choline glycerophosphate, which could be involved in gut-brain signalling. Vesicles from all studied species were efficiently taken up by human monocytes and induced IL-8 production in epithelial HT-29 cells. The identification of archaeal EVs and their components provides novel insights into the complex interactions between the archaeal and bacterial microbiome and the host, potentially offering new paths to modulate vesicle-mediated impacts on host health.
Whole-Body Human Ultrasound Tomography
Authors: Wang Lihong , Garrett David , Xu Jinhua , Aborahama Yousuf , Ku Geng , Maslov Konstantin
Published: July 2024

Ultrasonography is a vital component of modern clinical care, with handheld probes routinely used for a variety of applications. However, handheld ultrasound imaging is limited by factors such as the partial-body field of view, operator dependency, contact-induced distortion, and lack of transmission contrast. Here, we demonstrate a new system enabling whole-body ultrasound tomography of humans in reflection and transmission modes. To generate 2D isotropically resolved images across the entire cross-section in vivo, we use a custom 512-element circular ultrasound receiver array with a rotating ultrasonic transmitter. We demonstrate this technique in regions such as the abdomen and legs in healthy volunteers. We also showcase two potential clinical extensions. First, we readily observe subcutaneous and preperitoneal abdominal adipose distributions in our images, enabling adipose thickness assessment over the body without ionizing radiation or mechanical deformation. Second, we demonstrate an approach for rapid (seven frame-per-second) biopsy needle localization with respect to internal tissue features. These capabilities make whole-body ultrasound tomography a potential practical tool for clinical needs currently unmet by other modalities.
Kernel learning enables fluorescence microscopic image deconvolution with enhanced performance and speed
Authors: Cheng Shenghua , Lu Qiqi , Ye Hua , Liu Xiuli , Zeng Shaoqun , Feng Qianjin
Published: July 2024

The contrast and resolution of fluorescence microscopic images can be effectively improved by classic iterative Richardson-Lucy Deconvolution (RLD) algorithm, but this method is computationally expensive, particularly for three-dimensional data. Variants of RLD with manually designed unmatched backward projector can greatly accelerate deconvolution, however, they require careful parameter optimization to avoid introducing artifacts. Here, we develop Kernel Learning Deconvolution (KLD), which automatically learns forward/backward kernel in RLD from only one paired low-resolution and high-resolution images. The learned kernel reveals a similar pattern with handcrafted Wiener-Butterworth kernel but is more adaptive to data. Besides, it is robust to the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of training samples. KLD shows enhanced deconvolution performance and speed on different cellular structures and imaging modalities, including wide-field microscopy, confocal microscopy, and lattice light-sheet microscopy.
Soil organic matter oxidation by hydroxyl radical: an overlooked route of greenhouse gas production in drylands
Authors: Zhou Xiaobing
Published: July 2024

The rewetting of dry soils by rainfall pulses boosts the release of greenhouse gases over a short time period and is the primary pathway for greenhouse gas emissions in dryland ecosystems. However, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying such emission pulses of greenhouse gases are not clear, especially in areas covered by biological soil crusts with strong microbial activity. Here, we simulated rain events in bareland, cyanobacteria/lichen, and moss crusted soil using triple isotope labeling (13C, 15N, and 18O) to explore the sources of the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and their effects on greenhouse gas production. We found that the ·OH was produced after a rainfall event via rapid activation of microorganisms in the soils. The carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production significantly decreased after ·OH removal, whereas the methane (CH4) production was not affected. We revealed that ·OH synergy with enzymatic reactions of microorganisms increased CO2 production from the soil by 25%. The ·OH also stimulated the conversion of NH4+ to NO3− and dominated the N2O production (80%). Our results confirm the pivotal role of ·OH in the production of greenhouse gases and indicate that microbially mediated ·OH oxidation mechanisms are an overlooked dominated pathway for the emission of greenhouse gases in dryland ecosystems.
Helicobacter Pylori Status in Al-Suwayda
Authors: Almhethawe Osama , Ali Ayman
Published: July 2024

Background
Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies are commonly employed to ameliorate gastric mucosal inflammation, facilitate ulcer healing, and mitigate the risk of gastric cancer. However, several challenges are associated with H. pylori eradication. Firstly, diverse treatment protocols are currently utilized globally, with variations based on geographical regions and countries. Secondly, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in H. pylori is exacerbated by indiscriminate antibiotic usage. Lastly, there is a potential for gut microbiota dysbiosis resulting from H. pylori treatment.
Method
A retrospective study was conducted on patients who had diagnosed with H. Pylori and were treated in Suwayda Hospital.
Results
In our study, a cohort of 96 patients was examined, with an average age of 47.11 years. The majority of the sample consisted of female patients, totaling 59 individuals. The predominant symptom observed in 89 patients was epigastric pain, while the primary diagnostic approach for H. pylori patients involved upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies, as utilized in 94 cases. The majority of patients (85 individuals) underwent triple therapy for H. pylori eradication, whereas a smaller subset (9 patients, constituting 9%) received quadruple therapy.
Conclusion
Enhancing our comprehension of immune system dynamics across various age groups—where childhood tends to sustain infection persistence and adulthood is associated with gastric damage—can inform the formulation of strategies aimed at reducing H. pylori prevalence, including vaccine development, and mitigating adverse clinical consequences related to infection.
Levels of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in selected environmental radioactivity monitoring sites in Singapore
Authors: Wong E. , Tan H.J. , Alvarado J.A. Corcho
Published: July 2024

This paper provides insights into the radioactivity levels in soil, sediment and surface seawater from selected monitoring sites in Singapore. The environmental samples were measured for naturally occurring and anthropogenic radionuclides. In soils, the decay series of 232Th and 238U are the highest contributors to the total radioactivity, while in sediments, 40K is the main contributor to the total radioactivity. The levels of 90Sr, 137Cs and 239+240Pu are also reported. The data demonstrates that the main source of anthropogenic radionuclides in soils is the global fallout from nuclear weapons testings; in sediments, contributions from the Pacific Proving Grounds have been identified. This study also highlights significant differences in radioactivity levels in soils between the northern and central regions of Singapore, which are attributed to the histories of the monitoring sites.
Time Frequency Analyses of stationary and non-stationary signals using MATLAB functions and Toolboxes)
Authors: Yousef Yousef Ali , Cosman Vaughn , Rey Maria
Published: July 2024

Time-frequency analysis of non-stationary signals in a noisy environment is a challenging research subject spanning many areas, and often requires simultaneous signal decomposition in the time and frequency domains. Non-stationary signals are composed of numerous frequencies and irregularly changing amplitudes in time. Unlike sinusoidal waves, square waves, and other types of stationary signals, non-stationary signals do not have repeated patterns that can be easily characterized and modeled. The analysis of non-stationary signals requires a special methodological approach and mathematical means, which allow discovery and analysis of the main features of the non-stationary signal using signal transformation. The general method for signal analysis is to apply Fourier transformations. However, Fourier transform analysis provides actual spectra only for stationary signals. Also, the Fourier transform only provides information in the frequency domain without providing time information. For non-stationary signal analysis, the most valid methods are the Short Time Fourier Transform and wavelet transform. In this work, we investigate comprehensively different methodological approaches and mathematical tools for non-stationary analysis and compare these results when applied to stationary signals.
Evaluating the Methods Used in Managing and Monitoring a Diabetic Woman and Her Fetus During Pregnancy at Al-Zahrawi Hospital to Arrive at a Better Treatment Plan.
Authors: mohamad Khunav , Hammoud Taghrid
Published: July 2024

Objective: to evaluate the methods used in managing and monitoring a diabetic woman and her fetus during pregnancy in Al-Zahrawi Hospital in Damascus to arrive at a better treatment plan.
Place of study: Syrian Arab Republic, Damascus, Al-Zahrawi Hospital.
Study period: between 1-1-2018 and 1-1-2024.
Type of study: Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study.
Patients: The study included 128 pregnant women who were diagnosed with diabetes in the presence of high fasting blood sugar levels ≥ 95 mg/dL (5.33 mmol/L), who gave birth in Al-Zahrawi Hospital in Damascus.
Results: 128 diabetic pregnant women were studied. The types of diabetes were distributed almost equally between the three types. Diabetes was controlled by diet (20.3%), or by giving insulin (70.3%), and 9.4% of them were reviewed at the time of delivery and remained without treatment. We found that obesity is a factor. A risk common to all patients: the optimal timing for terminating a pregnancy is between 38-40 weeks of gestation, and the perinatal mortality rate increases when the expected delivery date is exceeded, the caesarean section rate increases by 60.9%, in diabetic pregnancies, the perinatal morbidity and mortality rate increases (9.75%), due to an increase in The rate of fetal malformations is (31.25%) on the one hand, and due to macrosomia (21.3%), on the other hand, which is accompanied by functional immaturity that leads to disturbances in the adaptation of the newborn of a diabetic mother to life outside the uterine.
Conclusion: Diabetic women must be provided with the information they need to achieve optimal blood sugar control results and enhance their ability to prevent diabetes during pregnancy.
The use of xanthan gum in a milk-containing ice cream with the whey protein microparticulate
Authors: Landikhovskaya A. V. , Tvorogova A. A. , Kochneva S. E.
Published: July 2024

Hydrocolloids of stabilization systems are necessary components in ice cream production. They influence viscosity, stabilization of structural elements and melting rate. Their role is especially important in production of ice cream with the low content of fat and nonfat milk solids. Today, specialized stabilization systems for production of such ice cream are absent. Moreover, when choosing stabilization systems, there are problems of economic character that are linked with an increase in prices on the effective polysaccharide — locust bean gum. The aim of the research was substantiation of the composition of the effective formulation of hydrocolloids using their available variety, xanthan gum, to use in production of milk-containing ice cream (with the reduced content of fat and dry nonfat milk substances). To achieve the best quality indicators, a whey protein microparticulate was introduced into milk-containing ice cream. Based on the synergetic properties of hydrocolloids in terms of dynamic viscosity, the composition of four formulations was determined with the content of xanthan gum of 8.6% (in samples 1 and 2), 16% (in sample 3) and 3% (in sample 4). Ice cream with the complex stabilization system of the trademark Cremodan 334 was produced as a control sample. The following indicators were determined in all samples: dynamic viscosity, viscoelastic characteristics (hardness, adhesion strength, gumminess), melting rate, condition and dispersity of the air phase and ice crystals. All developed formulations were superior to the control sample in terms of viscosity by 1.2–2 times. It has been found that replacement of the kappa-carrageenan fraction with iota-carrageenan in combination with guar gum and xanthan gum in an amount of 50% leads to a decrease in viscosity by 1.3 times. A reduction of visco-elastic characteristics was noted in the samples of hydrocolloid formulations under study. When using iota-carrageenan (samples 2 and 4), a notable reduction of thermal stability of ice cream was revealed in sample 4. Furthermore, a decrease in dispersity of the air phase was observed; the content of air bubbles with a size of 50 µm reduced by almost 30%. Based on the results of the investigations, it has been established that the formulation of hydrocolloids of ice cream sample 1, which consists of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, guar gum, xanthan gum and kappa-carrageenan, allows obtaining a product with technologically necessary quality indicators and the most cream-like consistency.
Formation of MeIQx and PhIP in model matrices from amino acids, carbohydrates, and creatine
Authors: Utyanov D. A. , Kulikovskii A. V. , Khvostov D. V. , Kurzova A. A.
Published: July 2024

The understanding of the reaction of HAA formation in foods is a key for finding methods for reduction of their quantity. Currently, more and more experimental works are dedicated to the question of HAA formation in model matrices to establish the main precursors, intermediate products, catalysts and inhibitors in the reaction of their formation. It is believed that HAAs are formed in foods in the course of the Maillard reaction. Amino acids, carbohydrates and creatin(in)e are assigned to the main precursors in the reaction of their formation. In this work, therefore, investigations of experimental matrices were carried out. The experimental matrices consisted of amino acids (eight essential, glutamic acid and aspartic acid), carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, saccharose, lactose) and creatine. The performed investigations have shown that carbohydrates can behave differently (both as catalysts and inhibitors) in the reaction of HAA formation. Among all studied matrices, the highest quantity of PhIP was found in the samples with phenylalanine; its content varied in a range from 7,159.79 to 27,837.79 ng/g. Based on this result, it is reasonable to suggest that among all amino acids, phenylalanine is the main precursor in the reaction of PhIP formation. High concentrations of PhIP were also observed in the samples with tryptophan in a range from 1,791.19 to 4,891.36 ng/g. The results obtained show that the use of certain sources of carbohydrates upon thermal processing of meat can theoretically lead to a reduction in the quantity of formed HAA.
QSAR of acyl alizarin red biocompound derivatives of Rubia tinctorum roots and its ADMET properties as anti-breast cancer candidates against MMP-9 protein receptor: In Silico study
Authors: Alifiansyah M. R.T. , Herdiansyah M. A. , Pratiwi R. C. , Pramesti R. P. , Hafsyah N. W. , Rania A. P. , Putra Ju. E.R.P. , Cahyono P. A. , Litazkiyyah . , Muhammad S. K. , Murtadlo A. A.A. , Kharisma V. D. , Ansori A. N.M. , Jakhmola V. , Ashok P. K. , Kalra J. M. , Purnobasuki H. , Pratiwi I. A.
Published: July 2024

Alizarin is a polycyclic compound isolated from roots of Rubia tinctorum that has potential as a breast anticancer candidate. Increasing anticancer activity can be done through structural modification to produce derivatives in the form of group substitution in the meta position using acyl. The purpose of this work is to forecast the anticancer activity of alizarin and its derivatives on the MMP-9 receptor using. Important biological activity factors will be identified by Quantitative Structure Activity molecular docking Relationship (QSAR) and projected absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMET). Using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD), molecular docking was carried out on the MMP 9 receptor (4WZV.pdb). LogP, Etot, and MR are the physicochemical parameters that are examined in order to produce QSAR. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) was used for the QSAR analysis. The pkCSM was utilized to determine ADMET prediction. The acyl alizarin derivatives have a lower rerank score than alizarin, according to the docking results so that they are predicted to have more potent anticancer activity. The QSAR analysis's findings indicated that logP and Etot had the greatest effects on the alizarin compound's and its derivatives' activity. The results of the ADMET prediction indicate that acyl alizarin is less harmful and superior to alizarin. Research findings show that it is possible to synthesize acyl alizarin derivatives, especially alizarin octanoate, which will then be tested in vitro or in vivo to determine its anti-breast cancer activity and toxicity.
A HIGHLY SENSITIVE MOISTURE-RESISTANT BTEX SENSOR BASED ON POLYANILINE NANOFIBERS
Authors: Wang Luyu , Song Jia , Yu Chunyang
Published: July 2024

The real-time sensing of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) vapor has become urgent due to their widespread hazards. As a sensing platform that combines low energy consumption and high sensitivity, moisture-resistant detection of ppb-level BTEX vapor remains a challenge for quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based gas sensors. In this work, we employed polyaniline nanofibers as the sensing material, significantly enhancing the QCM sensor’s detection capability for BTEX vapor down to the 50 ppb level. Besides, thanks to the hydrophobicity of polyaniline nanofibers, this sensor shows minimal response fluctuations to BTEX vapor in the relative humidity range of 50-90%. Furthermore, this sensor exhibits a short response time and excellent long-term stability, thereby presenting a broad prospect for future industrial applications in BTEX vapor detection.
Engaging with crisis-affected populations using the user-centred community engagement methodology: lessons learned in Tukaley, Ethiopia
Authors: Rosato-Scott Claire , Barrington Dani J.
Published: July 2024

Conducting research (a) in a humanitarian context and (b) with children aged 5–12 presents such unique challenges that those responding to a crisis often design programmes based on their anecdotal experience rather than evidence. The user-centred community engagement (UCCE) methodology was designed by Save the Children and Eclipse Experience to engage with crisis-affected communities to generate practical solutions to their priority needs. This paper has assessed the use of the UCCE methodology in Tukaley using Bowen et al.'s proposed areas of focus for a feasibility study. It has found that all elements of the UCCE process were implemented in practice as they were designed to be implemented; both the participants and facilitators found the UCCE methodology acceptable; and the UCCE methodology could be adapted for use in alternative contexts. However, the recruitment and training of facilitators were identified as the biggest challenge as the methodology continues on its journey to scale, especially due to the risk that if any component of the UCCE methodology is not done well enough, it could damage the willingness of a community to engage in future projects.
Valoración y cuidado de enfermería a niños y niñas en la segunda infancia y la adolescencia
Authors: Vásquez Mirith , Romero Angela , Lapeira Patricia , González Tatiana
Published: July 2024

This book begins with a complementation of the disciplinary knowledge of nursing and concludes each chapter with an assessment tool, preceded by a referential framework for achieving care actions for the child during their middle childhood and adolescence. The assessment that a nurse must make of development from six years old includes checking physical, cognitive, psychosocial, psychosexual, moral development, and the skills that the child acquires in the personal-social, hearing and language, fine-adaptive motor skills, and gross motor skills dimensions.In addition, the reader will find the assessment of the mental health of the child and the adolescent from nursing, with a guide for conducting interviews with parents and adolescents and the application of standardized and internationally validated instruments: SDQ strengths and difficulties questionnaire, and the RQC child symptom questionnaire. Also included is a guide to warning signs to be taken into account in daily life.In the assessment of adolescents, the specifics of this moment in the evolutionary cycle are addressed, including physical changes according to the Tanner assessment, Erik Erikson's psychosocial developmental crises, Piaget's proposed cognitive development, and stages of moral development.
On the Transformation of the Organization of Scientific Activity in Russia
Authors: Vorozhikhin V. V.
Published: July 2024

Rapid changes in the world order, digital transformation of human activity, and increased competition for a favorable future have formed a new focus of competition for digital innovation. The nature of development is changing – it is becoming socio-technological. Digitalization is fundamentally changing the field of science and technology and the requirements for the knowledge and skills of researchers. Changes in science act as a catalyst for further changes, the speed of which is increasing. Strengthening the role of artificial intelligence in the context of existing restrictions on its use leads to an increase in the role of humans as a task setter, a main partner participant, a beneficiary and even a sensor. Increasing competition for the future and aggravation of the geopolitical situation are leading to an increase in the importance of science, technology and innovation. This fundamentally changes the requirements for the organization of science, which requires the addition of the existing system of organizations with network communications of creative teams and researchers, the formation of hybrid intelligence through the joint training of humans and artificial intelligence. Science is becoming networked, going beyond the boundaries of organizations, acquiring regional and local components. In the context of a sharp increase in the diversity of digital innovations, scientific interaction between researchers with recognition (rating) in local fields of knowledge becomes a necessary condition. The high rate of change requires the inclusion of evaluation of the results of scientific activity in the research process. Effective results require the creation of processes for intelligent management of knowledge convergence and digital innovations of socio-technological development based on scientific knowledge.
Economic Space as a Field for the Realization of National Goals of Russia
Authors: Bukhvald E. M.
Published: July 2024

Adoption of Decree No. 309 of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2024 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future until 2036” demonstrates not only a new important stage in the development of the practice of strategic goal-setting for the country’s economy. Equally, we can stress noticeable expansion of the field of those socio-economic processes, which are reflected in the national goals of the development and the ways of their practical achievement. This fully complies with the actual requirements towards strategic planning system, which are based on the principles of consistency, completeness and consistency in achieving certain targets; balanced distribution of powers and responsibilities for achieving these objectives between all levels of public authority in the country. The article attempts to emphasize the attention on the special - spatial - aspect of strategic goal-setting for Russian economy, in particular, to determine the meaning and significance of the spatial approach for the practical implementation of national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future until 2036. This task is solved in a comparable manner with the provisions of earlier similar documents. These are the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024” (2018) and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030” (2020). Everything said about the role of the spatial approach in the strategic goal-setting system also concerns the further improvement of program and project management methods and practical ways to achieve the planned target indicators.
Characteristics of the Basic Socio-Economic Factors of the Development of Small Towns in Russia
Authors: Dmitrieva L. V.
Published: July 2024

Currently, small towns in Russia are going through a difficult period due to changes in the economic situation, demographic trends and financial constraints. These factors have a significant impact on the lives of citizens and require in-depth study and analysis. The purpose of the study is to identify the general features of small forms of settlement as part of the regional socio-economic system for the further development of proposals for the formation of specific measures for the socio-economic development of small towns. The research was conducted on a sample of data from 82 regions of Russia for 2018–2022 according to 11 statistical hypotheses. The work used modern methods of statistical analysis, including testing the normality of distribution (ShapiroWilk statistics), equality of variances (Livigne criterion) and the method of statistical testing of hypotheses based on the Mann-Whitney test. Calculations were performed in the Python software environment using the NumPy and Pandas libraries for data preprocessing and SciPy and XlsxWriter for statistical analysis and export results. The following socio-economic indicators are considered: average per capita cash income of the population, gross regional product and investment in fixed capital per capita, average turnover of organizations and the share of the population with cash income below the subsistence level. It is shown that, within the framework of the existing administrative structure of regional governance, regions with different levels of urbanization have statistically significant differences in these indicators. At the same time, no such differences were found in relation to indicators such as expenditures and revenues of consolidated budgets per person, the total area of residential premises per inhabitant on average, the fertility rate, the population maturity index and the dynamics of population change over 10 years (2012-2022 inclusive).
Política e ontologia da Figura no pensamento de Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Nóbrega Diogo
Published: July 2024

Este artigo ocupa-se do conceito de ‘Figura’ tal como Deleuze no-lo dá a pensar, sobretudo, nos ensaios Francis Bacon – Logique de la Sensation, Cinéma 1 – L’Image-mouvement e Cinéma 2 – L’Image-temps. Pretendemos defender a hipótese seguinte: a Figura deve compreender-se a partir de um conflito interior entre movimentos, modelos distintos. Por um lado, um desejo de conformidade ideal com um modelo discernível, estável; por outro lado, a deformação, a morte como modelo, morte múltipla, impessoal, sem relação necessária com um instante derradeiro, uma posição definitiva num quadro temporal a compreender em termos cronológicos, dizendo, distintamente, respeito a um elemento transformativo, vital, implicando uma possibilidade iterativa, ou de iteração, o eterno retorno da morte. Interessa-nos, em particular, acompanhar a repetição desta estrutura nos conceitos que a Figura solicita, que constituem a sua exo-consistência, como sejam os conceitos de ‘Imagem’, ‘corpo sem órgãos’, ‘Memória’, ‘perversão’ e ‘democracia’. Concluímos justamente sublinhando o alcance não apenas estético-artístico, mas, também, político da Figura, forçando-nos a repropor de novo e diferentemente a questão da democracia enquanto tarefa, devir-democrático, para além de qualquer espécie de forma-Estado que adequadamente a concretize.
A concepção gramatical de Joaquim Gonçalves: uma análise da sua visão sobre a formação e a classificação das palavras chinesas
Authors: Li Ling
Published: July 2024

Este artigo investiga a visão gramatical do padre lazarista português Joaquim Afonso Gonçalves (1781–1841), através da análise das suas reflexões metalinguísticas presentes na Arte China (1829), um compêndio gramatical elaborado para o ensino-aprendizagem do chinês a europeus em Macau no início do século XIX. Iniciando-se com as referências gramaticais incluídas nos capítulos III (Grammatica) e IV (Syntaxe) deste manual didático, a pesquisa centra-se na formação e classificação das palavras chinesas sob a perspetiva contrastiva do gramático português. O estudo revela que os processos de formação de palavras distinguidos no seu método gramatical se fundamentam nas características morfológicas dos vocábulos chineses. Além disso, as partes da oração utilizadas para classificar o léxico chinês não apenas herdam o modelo analítico e descritivo greco-latino como também incorporam aspetos da tradição local e adotam novas categorias para retratar os aspetos mais peculiares do chinês, em comparação com a língua materna de Gonçalves. Esta análise visa lançar luz sobre as interpretações gramaticais do sinólogo português, originalmente destinadas aos discípulos diretos, que podem parecer incompletas e obscuras para os leitores contemporâneos.
Leonie Hunter: Das Drama im Politischen. Hegels Ästhetik als demokratietheoretischer Traktat
Authors: Nguyen Duc Viet Anh
Published: July 2024

Besprechung von: Hunter, Leonie: Das Drama im Politischen. Hegels Ästhetik als demokratietheoretischer Traktat. Konstanz: Wallstein 2023.
On the characterization of EM emission of electronic products: Case study for different program modes
Authors: Yuwono Tito , Baharuddin Mohd Hafiz , Zhivomirov Hristo , Wahyuni Elyza Gustri
Published: July 2024

The characterization of the EM emissions for electronic products is crucial to ensure that the emissions have met the requirements of the EMC standards. For this, a more comprehensive testing is required to get more meaningful results. While, the emergence of non-stationary emissions is a challenge to obtain valid analysis results. So far, non-stationary EM emissions is not considered and treated properly in the emission analysis. This paper presents a new method for the analysis of EM emissions from electronic devices as a case study by testing three different program modes (scenarios) of Intel Galileo board. These program modes were designed to vary processing intensity in its memory and processor. A comparison was also made between the actual situation (the presence of non-stationary signals) and the hypothetical situation with the assumption that all emissions were stationary. As a result, a significant difference was observed when the analysis considered the real scenario of a non-stationary emission. The ratio between the average autocorrelation using the proposed algorithm and the average correlation by ignoring the non-stationarity of the emission signal was 113.6 times. The study concludes that different program modes produce the different characteristics of EM emissions, making some of them non-stationary. Hence, we strongly suggest the consideration of the non-stationarity of the EM emissions in characterizing complex electronic devices.
Characterization and electrochemical properties analysis of reduced graphene oxide from corncob carbon as an electrode candidate: Synthesized using modified Hummers method
Authors: Eka Anggriani Odja  , Raya Indah , Maming  , Muhammad Zakir  , Abd. Karim  , Djabal Nur Basir
Published: July 2024

This research aims to synthesize and characterize reduced graphene oxide (RGO), as well as analyse its electrochemical properties. The synthesis of RGO material from corn cobs went through several stage: carbonization, oxidation and reduction. The synthesis of RGO used a modified Hummer method, and was reduced using the reducing agent ascorbic acid. The synthesized RGO was then characterized using Fourier Transform Independent Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Electrochemical analysis using the cyclic voltammetry method, the specific capacitance value obtained showed that RGO had a higher capacitance value than GO. The research results showed that carbon from corn cobs, which has not been utilized optimally, can be synthesized as a basic material for making RGO as a quite promising material.
Block-based optimization for enhancing reversible watermarking using reduce difference expansion
Authors: Arham Aulia , Adi Nugroho Hanung
Published: July 2024

In recent years, reversible watermarking has emerged as a promising technique that safely embeds data in digital images without compromising their originality. This method is particularly useful for sensitive images such as military, art, and medical images, where each pixel contains important information requiring authentication. Researchers have been attempting to develop this method further to increase payload capacity while maintaining visual quality and low computational complexity. In this study, we developed a reversible watermarking with block-based optimization based on Reduced Difference Expansion (RDE) applied to 3×3 pixel blocks, allowing for the embedding of 8?bit data. Based on experimental results from tests conducted on 2 common images and 3 medical images, our method could consistently achieve a payload capacity of up to 0.8924 bpp with a PSNR of 41.077 dB while maintaining good visual quality across various image categories, outperforming previous approaches.
Enhancing bioelectricity generation through co-cultivation of bacteria consortium and microalgae in photosynthetic microbial fuel cell
Authors: Chaijak Pimprapa , Kongthong Alisa
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the effect of microbial configuration on the electrochemical performance of photosynthetic microbial fuel cells (PMFCs). The PMFC configuration incorporating both bacteria and microalgae exhibited the highest open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 397.95 ± 31.53 mV, significantly higher than that of the OCVs obtained in the sterile control (C1) and the microalgae-only configuration (C2), which were 32.47 ± 22.43 mV and 284.59 ± 12.63 mV, respectively. Furthermore, the PMFC containing only microalgae achieved a current density (CD) of 20.96 ± 0.18 mA/m³ and a power density (PD) of 0.40 ± 0.01 mW/m³ under room temperature conditions. Notably, the combined bacteria and microalgae configuration demonstrated a substantial performance improvement, yielding a significantly higher CD of 49.33 ± 0.36 mA/m³ and PD of 0.78 ± 0.01 mW/m³ at room temperature. This configuration also achieved a maximum decolorization of 93.57 ± 0.10% with a corresponding algal biomass recovery of 134.90 ± 2.69 mg/L.  These findings highlighted the critical role of microbial composition in PMFC performance.  The combination of bacteria and microalgae yielded superior results compared to other configurations under the investigated conditions.
Evaluating 3-D positioning infrastructure quality and utilization: The potential improvement with multi-GNSS methods
Authors: Atunggal Dedi , Widjajanti Nurrohmat , Aditya Trias
Published: July 2024

This article evaluates the quality of the national 3-D positioning infrastructure using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to simulate the potential application of multi-GNSS method. The MCDM evaluation used coverage and availability of Indonesia Continuous Operating Reference System (INACORS) services, distribution of survey pillars, and accuracy of height determination using the Indonesian Geoid Model (INAGEOID). The term multi-GNSS method refers to the utilization of PPP method as a complement to the conventional differential GNSS method for the production of mapping control points. The results of this evaluation were complemented by a questionnaire analysis on the utilization of positioning infrastructure by respondents from various professional backgrounds. The MCDM evaluation results showed that Java had nearly 100% good or excellent 3-D positioning infrastructure quality. Other regions in Indonesia still had significant areas of average, fair, or even poor quality. The questionnaire results showed that many users have faced some problems in areas with fair or poor infrastructure quality. The application of multi-GNSS method can contribute to reduce up to half of the area with fair and poor positioning infrastructure quality.
Utilizing Pometia Pinnata leaf extract in microwave synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles: Investigation into photocatalytic properties
Authors: Sulistyo Rini Ari , Rati Yolanda , Maheta Gema , Aji Arie Purnomo , Saktioto
Published: July 2024

In this work, ZnO photocatalyst has been synthesized using matoa (Pometia pinnata) leaf extract under various microwave irradiation powers at 360, 540, and 720 Watts for 3 minutes on each. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of ZnO exhibited a peak in the ultraviolet region 300-360 nm. UV-Vis absorption analysis revealed a decrease in the band gap energy from 3.15 eV to 3.10 eV as the irradiation power increased. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images displayed spherical and nanoplatelet morphology with a decrease in particle size observed from 773 to 709 nm with increasing irradiation power. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with crystallite sizes in the range of ~18-20 nm. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was successfully employed as a photocatalyst in 4-nitrophenol degradation, achieving the highest degradation percentage of 82.7% at 540 Watts with a corresponding reaction rate constant of 0.0126/min. In conclusion, the microwave-assisted synthesis of ZnO using on matoa leaf extract demonstrated significant potential for the degradation of organic pollutants, thereby contributing to water purification efforts.
Predictive mapping of surface roughness in turning of hardened AISI 4340 using carbide tools
Authors: Ginting Armansyah , Masyithah Zuhrina
Published: July 2024

This study presents a novel approach to predict surface roughness in the hard turning of AISI 4340 steel using carbide tools, aimed to develop a comprehensive predictive map. The hypothesis that surface roughness can be accurately predicted using a linear regression model was tested and confirmed. Experimental results showed surface roughness in the range of 1.946 to 5.636 microns. Statistical analysis revealed a normal distribution of surface roughness data with linear regression as the best-fit model, significantly determined by feed rate and explaining 98.41% of the variance. Machine learning validated this model, achieving high prediction accuracy (R² = 96.91%, MSE = 0.058, RMSE = 0.242). The innovative predictive map, created using a full factorial design, demonstrated a strong agreement between predicted and validated values. This work highlights the potential of integrating statistical and machine learning techniques for precise surface roughness prediction, recommending industrial validation to enhance machining productivity.
Simulation and optimization of fatty acid extraction parameters from Nannochloropsis sp. using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Kim Ivander Jonathan , Aris Romadhon Subkhan  , Rakha Putra Prasetya  , Yuswan Muharam
Published: July 2024

Microalgae, which are rich in fatty acids, have potential applications in various sectors such as bioenergy, health, food, and biomaterials. The Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) method is commonly used to extract microalgae. This research estimated the process parameters of desorption rate constant (kd) and binary diffusion coefficient (DAB) for SFE fatty acid from Nannochloropsis sp. using a mathematical model called as hot sphere diffusion. Desorption models were used to model the release of fatty acids into the solvent (supercritical carbon dioxide). The parameter estimation process was conducted at temperatures of 313 and 333 K and pressures of 12.5, 20, and 30 MPa. The value of kd increased with increasing pressure and temperature and DAB values were obtained at varying pressures and temperatures.