bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A contingency management approach for treatment of methamphetamine use disorder and human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral treatment adherence in pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child transmission: a case report
Authors: Turner Suzanne , Nader Maya , Lurie Erin
Published: April 2022

Introduction

This review highlights the rising prevalence of methamphetamine use in pregnancy in North American and the difficulty of managing active human immunodeficiency virus infection in a pregnant woman while actively using methamphetamines. Multidisciplinary medical teams with knowledge of addiction medicine, infectious disease management, and pregnancy are needed to provide combined expert care to reduce the harms associated with substance use and improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment. We report the case of a treatment-naïve pregnant patient with human immunodeficiency virus who was actively using methamphetamines. The patient was able to initiate and adhere to antiretroviral treatment while taking a prescription stimulant in a contingency management paradigm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of prescription stimulants being used in pregnancy to improve adherence to antiretroviral medications.

Case presentation

A 32-year-old white woman with untreated human immunodeficiency virus, a newly diagnosed pregnancy, and actively using methamphetamines presented to a drop-in combined prenatal care and addiction medicine clinic. After initiating a prescription amphetamine in a contingency management paradigm, she was adherent to human immunodeficiency antiretroviral treatment and had a fully suppressed viral load throughout the remainder of her pregnancy.

Conclusion

Active treatment of methamphetamine use disorders with prescription stimulants, coupled with contingency management, may represent a mechanism to engage patients in care and improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment (and prevent mother-to-child-transmission of human immunodeficiency virus).
Ethology of Sunn-pest oviposition in interaction with deltamethrin loaded on mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a nanopesticide
Authors: Alizadeh Mahdi , Sheikhi-Garjan Aziz , Ma’mani Leila , Hosseini Salekdeh Ghasem , Bandehagh Ali
Published: April 2022

Background

Wheat is one of the main food for around 2 billion people worldwide. Among the biological stressors, Eurygaster integriceps Puton is a damaging insect in wheat and barley fields, which harms them both quantitatively (by overwintered adults) and qualitatively (by instar nymphs). The ovipositional and the new generation’s production control are pivotal approaches to control the severe damages of Sunn-pest.

Methods

In this study, to enhance the deltamethrin effectiveness while reducing its required dosage and also reducing the adverse health and environmental impacts, a novel MSN-based deltamethrin formulation was prepared and evaluated based on the laying-eggs number and oviposition behavior. To this, deltamethrin was loaded on KIT-6 mesoporous silica nanoparticles and characterized using SEM, TEM, and TGA analysis, and the insect potential of deltametrin@KIT6 was then evaluated.

Results

The results showed that there might be differences between the treatments (KIT-6, deltamethrin@KIT-6, deltamethrin commercial formulation, and water as a control) in terms of the insect control via the laying-egg and next-generation prevention. The results showed that KIT-6 and deltamethrin@KIT-6 could reduce the oviposition rate compared to water as the control. Deltamethrin@KIT-6 not only caused the less oviposition done but the eggs were scattered and the batch of eggs did not have a uniform-shape similar to the control mode. The deltamethrin@KIT-6 nanopesticide could increase the pesticide effectiveness by reducing the Sunn-pest’s oviposition and nymphal population and subsequently decreasing the damage caused by them. So that the concentrations of 10, 25, and 125 mg L−1 of deltamethrin@KIT-6 reduced oviposition by 63.24%, 66.11%, and 67.62%, respectively, compared to the control group. On the other hand, descriptive observations showed that another possible tension is created through insect eggs deposition on the boundary layer of leaves.

Conclusion

The MSN-based nanoformulation could be effectively considered to control the next-generation population density of Sunn-pest.

Graphical Abstract
Second-Degree Price Discrimination by a Two-Sided Monopoly Platform
Authors: Jeon Doh-Shin , Kim Byung-Cheol , Menicucci Domenico
Published: April 2022

We study second-degree price discrimination by a two-sided monopoly platform. The incentive constraints of the agents on the value creation side may be in conflict with internalizing externalities on the value capture side, which may render pooling optimal. Even without such conflict between the two sides, pooling may be optimal due to type-dependent Spence effects when the preferences of the marginal agents diverge from those of the average agents on the value capture side. We perform a welfare analysis of price discrimination and show that prohibiting price discrimination improves welfare when there is a strong conflict between the two sides. (JEL D42, D62, D82, L12, L82)
On the development of B-Raf inhibitors acting through innovative mechanisms
Authors: Pinzi Luca
Published: April 2022

B-Raf is a protein kinase participating to the regulation of many biological processes in cells. Several studies have demonstrated that this protein is frequently upregulated in human cancers, especially when it bears activating mutations. In the last years, few ATP-competitive inhibitors of B-Raf have been marketed for the treatment of melanoma and are currently under clinical evaluation on a variety of other types of cancer. Although the introduction of drugs targeting B-Raf has provided significant advances in cancer treatment, responses to ATP-competitive inhibitors remain limited, mainly due to selectivity issues, side effects, narrow therapeutic windows, and the insurgence of drug resistance.

Impressive research efforts have been made so far towards the identification of novel ATP-competitive modulators with improved efficacy against cancers driven by mutant Raf monomers and dimers, some of them showing good promises. However, several limitations could still be envisioned for these compounds, according to literature data. Besides, increased attentions have arisen around approaches based on the design of allosteric modulators, polypharmacology, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and drug repurposing for the targeting of B-Raf proteins. The design of compounds acting through such innovative mechanisms is rather challenging. However, valuable therapeutic opportunities can be envisioned on these drugs, as they act through innovative mechanisms in which limitations typically observed for approved ATP-competitive B-Raf inhibitors are less prone to emerge. In this article, current approaches adopted for the design of non-ATP competitive inhibitors targeting B-Raf are described, discussing also on the possibilities, ligands acting through such innovative mechanisms could provide for the obtainment of more effective therapies.
Second grade students’ social-emotional competence in relation to strengths and difficulties assessed by teachers and parents
Authors: Malleus-Kotšegarov Elina , Treial Kristiina , Jurman Marilyn
Published: April 2022

Õpilaste parem toimetulek eri suhtlussituatsioonides on oluline tegur, mida õppeprotsessi kaudu koolis toetada, panustades seeläbi heaolu suurenemisse nii hetkeolukordades kui ka edaspidises elus. Süsteemsele arendustegevusele aitab kaasa parem arusaam nendest aspektidest, mis vajaksid konkreetses klassis tuge. Selleks on õpetajatele ning tugipersonalile kasutamiseks loodud eksamite infosüsteemis paiknevad arvutitestid. Suhtlus- ja enesemääratluspädevuse testi kasutusvõimaluste paremaks kirjeldamiseks on oluline uurida, kuidas on testi tulemused seotud teiste õpilaste toimetulekut kirjeldavate näitajatega. Siinse artikli eesmärk on kirjeldada 2. klassi valimil (n = 250), kuidas on omavahel seotud õpilaste suhtlus- ja enesemääratluspädevuse testi tulemused ning õpetajate (n = 16) ja lastevanemate (n = 109) hinnatud tugevused (prosotsiaalsus) ning raskused (internaliseeritud ja eksternaliseeritud probleemid), mis on kaardistatud tugevuste ja raskuste küsimustiku (SDQ) kaudu. Tulemustest selgus, et arvutitestis paremaid tulemusi saanud õpilased said õpetajatelt kõrgemad prosotsiaalsuse hinnangud ning madalamaid internaliseeritud ja eksternaliseeritud probleemide hinnangud; lastevanemate hinnangud ei olnud testitulemustega oluliselt seotud.

 Summary
Traditsioonilistest kodustest nahatöötlemise võtetest Eestis
Authors: Uus Made
Published: April 2022

This article provides an overview of the traditional domestic leather processing methods used in Estonia throughout history, as well as the research papers on leather processing that have been published or have yet to be published in Estonian. There is also an overview of the main leather processing and tanning methods (vegetable tanning, alum tawing and flour tanning). Based  on her own experience, the author gives a detailed description of traditional leather processing with fermented cereal puddle (flour tanning) as one of the oldest and most widespread methods of processing hides with fur. The article also gives an overview of the current situation of traditional leather processing using domestic methods in Estonia.
Nõges Vormsi moodi: ülevaade 2012. aasta juulis Vormsil toimunud nõgesekiu töötlemise töötoast
Authors: Luhamaa Liis
Published: April 2022

An experimental workshop on obtaining and processing nettle fibre was held on the island of Vormsi (on the western coast of Estonia) in July 2012. Fibre was separated by raw processing during the workshop. The author describes how nettle stems are stripped, peeled and boiled in a lye solution, as well as carding and spinning methods (spinning instructor: Monika Plaser). The workshop also included making a nettle bark rope and dyeing wool with nettle leaves. Sample patches were made of yarn the participants had made themselves, using the wquipment provided.

Keyeords: nettle fibre processing
Konverents "Traditsioonilised kampsunid Läänemeremaades"
Authors: Matsin Ave
Published: April 2022

The International Crafts Conference ‘Traditional Knitted Sweaters around the Baltic Sea’ was held on the initiative of the Department of Estonian Native Crafts of the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy from 16-18 May 2013. During its three days, the conference focussed on the kinds of sweaters that have historically been knitted around the Baltic Sea and how they reflect our common history. Almost all craft researchers who delivered presentations came to the same conclusion: the tradition of our knitted sweaters started from the knitted silk night sweaters exported from England in the 16th century, which people in the Nordic countries started copying using local materials. The function of the sweater changed from nightwear to an everyday piece of clothing.

The conference was attended by around a hundred foreign guests from the Shetland Islands, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Latvia, Germany and the United States, plus more than a hundred guests from Estonia. The heads of the national central folk art and craft unions of Finland and Sweden also attended, as Estonia handed the status of the lead state of the Nordic Folk Art and Craft Association over to Finland at the conference.

Approximately 450 people attended the Omamood 2013 fashion show, which took place on the first day of the conference. The second international competition in knitting whilst walking, ‘Walk & Knit’, was also held within the scope of the conference. The success of the conference is a good reason to start planning new international events. This model – where the same event includes looking back at historical items, while considering the implementation of this knowledge in contemporary creations – fulfils the mission of the Department of Estonian Native Crafts and will help to inspire our crafts circles.

Keywords: sweaters, knitting, Nordic Folk Art and Craft Association
Vanade puitakende energiatõhusesuse parandamine / The Energy Efficient Renovation of Old Wooden Windows
Authors: Jokelainen Janne
Published: April 2022

Replacing old wooden windows with new ones is a common way of improving the energy efficiency of the buildings, although there is no general agreement on whether changing windows is a rational step to take. The architectural and the cultural changes, as well as the building waste generated by the removed windows, have been seen as problematic. Nor has a consensus been reached on the amount and significance of the energy savings achieved by such changes.In this study, the thermal and physical properties of old windows and theeffect which different renovation methods have on them were investigated. The renovation methods used in this study were light, and therefore there was no need to work on the wooden parts or to take out the frames.The energy efficiency of a window consists of its airtightness, heat conductivity and radiance permeability. The large air leakages of the test window were fixable by stuffing and taping, but it was found that the result was unsatisfactory when rubber sealants were used. The U-value of the test window was improved by changing the selective glass in the inner frames. The energy efficiency of the test window improved significantly when the appropriate renovation and replacement work was done. On the other hand, even after the repairs, the energy consumption was still almost twice as high as that of modern windows. Both renovating and replacing the windows are reasonable attempts to decrease energy expenditure, but they are not cost-effective. Culturally and architecturally speaking, replacing windows is a destructive action.Arriving at an answer to the question of what to do with old wooden windowswill depend on one’s viewpoint, and we cannot promulgate a single, invariably correct, course of action. As a compromise, it can be recommended to always seal the windows carefully at the beginning of the heating season and to change the selective glass in the inner frames during the renovation.
Müravaba metsatöö päevad / Noise-free forestry days held
Authors: Parts Priit-Kalev
Published: April 2022

Viljandi Culture Academy organized noise-free forestry days in Saarepeedi village near Viljandi on 28 & 29 January 2014. This public event, held as part of the native construction students’ forestry work experience, introduced alternative traditional working techniques and showcased axes and hand saws used to harvest timber. One mare of the Estonian native horse breed and one mare of the Estonian heavy horse breed were used to haul the timber out of the woods, demonstrating modern horse logging equipment. The event was covered on television and sparked a discussion on the website of the Estonian Horse Breeders Association regarding the use of native horse breeds in logging and the necessity of relevant performance testing.

Keywords: noiseless forestry, horse logging, small-scale speciality wood harvesting
Rahvusliku ehituse eriala kiviehituspraktika Läänemaal / Stone building fieldwork of the Estonian native construction curriculum in Läänemaa
Authors: Tominga Malvo
Published: April 2022

A student of the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy, Laur Oberschneider, organised granite-boulder building fieldwork for his younger course-mates. The fieldwork took place from 22nd to 29th August 2014 in Laiakivi farm in Metsküla village, Lihula parish, in Läänemaa (western Estonia). Alo Peebo, who holds an MA in Inherited Crafts from UT VCA, shared his knowledge and skills for reconstructing the façade of the granite stone cellar and for repairing the back corners of the cellar's dry walls. During the fieldwork, the students learned how to split the rocks using both a stone splitting hammer and by wedging. A lot of attention was paid to the safety, and the students were taught to use ergonomic techniques to prevent any unnecessary injuries and or traumas arising from working with heavy boulders and slates.

Since the wall had been previously repaired using a fast cement-based mortar the stones of the facade were difficult to clean and most of them had to be replaced by new ones during the fieldwork. A 10% lime-cement mortar, was used to build the façade. Due to the rainy autumn the mortar could not dry properly and some fractures that need repairing developed in the joints. To prevent this from happening, work on a wall should take place at the beginning or middle of the summer, so that the wall will have plenty of time to dry.

A local newspaper Lääne Elu also wrote an article about the fieldwork. In the article, Krista Kallavus, the owner of Laiakivi Farm and the specialist on cultural heritage in the Hiiu-Lääne-Saare region with the Environmental Board, invited national parks to cooperate more with the VCA.

Keywords: granite stone cellar, boulder construction, splitting, wedging, mortar
Üksikesemest ülikonnani Virumaa rahvarõiva näitel / From a single item to an outfit (on the basis of Viru county folk costume)
Authors: Loite Kersti
Published: April 2022

In practice, the wearing of folk costume stopped in Viru County at the end of the 19th century, somewhat earlier in the western parts of the area and somewhat later in the eastern parts. Around the same time, people started to collect and preserve folk costumes. Since most of the Viru folk costumes are represented in museum collections as single items, this article examines how the traditional outfits have been assembled from single items and what has been considered important by those doing so. Three main books have been studied: “Estonian Folk Costumes” by Helmi Kurrik (published in 1938), “Estonian Folk Costumes from the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century” (1957), and “Estonian Folk Costumes” by Melanie Kaarma and Aino Voolmaa (1981). Some publications that were based on historical materials and that haven't changed the nature of the folk costumes and that were published before and after the above books are also mentioned briefly.

Keywords: folk costume, traditional outfit, short blouse, sleeveless shirt.
Palkseina tihtimismaterjalide omadused / Properties of Log Wall Stuffings
Authors: Jokelainen Janne
Published: April 2022

Replacing old wooden windows with new ones is a common way of improving the energy efficiency of the buildings, although there is no general agreement on whether changing windows is a rational step to take. The architectural and the cultural changes, as well as the building waste generated by the removed windows, have been seen as problematic. Nor has a consensus been reached on the amount and significance of the energy savings achieved by such changes.In this study, the thermal and physical properties of old windows and the effect which different renovation methods have on them were investigated. The renovation methods used in this study were light, and therefore there was no need to work on the wooden parts or to take out the frames.The energy efficiency of a window consists of its airtightness, heat conductivity and radiance permeability. The large air leakages of the test window were fixable by stuffing and taping, but it was found that the result was unsatisfactory when rubber sealants were used. The U-value of the test window was improved by changing the selective glass in the inner frames. The energy efficiency of the test window improved significantly when the appropriate renovation and replacement work was done. On the other hand, even after the repairs, the energy consumption was still almost twice as high as that of modern windows. Both renovating and replacing the windows are reasonable attempts to decrease energy expenditure, but they are not cost-effective. Culturally and architecturally speaking, replacing windows is a destructive action.Arriving at an answer to the question of what to do with old wooden windows will depend on one’s viewpoint, and we cannot promulgate a single, invariably correct, course of action. As a compromise, it can be recommended to always seal the windows carefully at the beginning of the heating season and to change the selective glass in the inner frames during the renovation.
The folk costumes of Mulgimaa / The folk costumes of Mulgimaa
Authors: Rõigas Andres
Published: April 2022

The impressively substantial 614-page book The Folk Costumes of Mulgimaa is certainly and indisputably a study which has succeeded in delving deep into the subject matter of folk costumes whilst covering a diverse cultural region. The information presented in the book can be seen as a remarkable study aid also in the ongoing revival of the practice of wearing folk costumes. Although the aim of the book is to introduce and describe folk costumes, the added value of the brief yet detailed overview of the history and formation of Mulgimaa is apparent. The history of the people of Mulgimaa cannot be told simply as a story of a dialect area, it should rather be the story of the development of a region rooted in that particular dialect area. As a result of certain historical and natural coincidences, Mulgimaa can be regarded as the birthplace of capitalism in Estonia. In addition to the specific linguistic characteristics, which now are gradually disappearing from common use, the people of Mulgimaa have so far been often mentioned in connection with the establishment of an entirely new type of dwelling, ensuing from their prosperity, the manor homes.

Although Mulgimaa consists of five parishes, the book has been divided into four large chapters. While Helme, Tarvastu, and Paistu have each been allocated a separate chapter, Halliste and Karksi have been treated in a single chapter. The folk costumes of Mulgimaa are a combination of comfort and practicality. While observing the photographs and concentrating on footwear, it is striking to note that even almost a century and a half ago people were not generally photographed when wearing bast shoes or soft-sole leather shoes, if they had a nice pair of shoes or calf-length boots to put on instead. The same period is characterised by archaic long coats that were worn by both men and women.

What is remarkable is the fact that the authors have endeavoured to find as many historical photographs, surviving items of clothing and fragments of clothing from various (museum) collections as possible and also tried to connect them with real people’s memories and stories.

The detailed information along with the descriptions that are revealed in the book will presumably be essential for the craftsmen who wish to recreate and/or restore more authentic and historically accurate folk costumes.

While many cultures believe that women are usually the ones who wear and uphold the tradition of wearing folk costumes, I would like to point out that based on my own previous experience, the presence of men’s clothing, too, is respected, hopefully permanently so, in Mulgimaa.

In addition to the book’s in-depth overview, its historical approach, and its detailed descriptions, this volume can still be used as a handbook to those involved in the rapidly reviving tradition of wearing folk costume.
Tuhat aastat tinulisi Eesti aladel: kasutamine ja valmistamine / Thousand years of tin plaques in Estonia: usage and the technology of their manufacture
Authors: Keeman Margit
Published: April 2022

Since at least from the end of the first millenium AD, clothes have been decorated in Estonia with small studs cast from tin, more often known as tin plaques (tinulised). The plaques were sewn onto the fabric through hooks found on their reverse sides. The use of round plaques is traceable up until the end of the Livonian War, the rectangular plaques remained essentially unchanged until the nineteenth century. A separate group was formed by the stick- or rosetteshaped plaques which were used on Latgallian-type shawls and headbands in Siksälä. Different forms of tin plaques were found in Jõuga and Makita Votic graves.

The moulds and methods of casting have remained quite unchanged through the centuries. Moulds were usually crafted from imported limestone, but there are also examples of moulds made from local materials. Moulds that were used to cast Estonian tin plaques consist of two halves, although usually only one half has survived.

The casting process was fairly simple. Molten tin was poured into a preheated mould using a ladle made of metal or clay. The plaques were usually made from a varying mixture of tin and lead. Most probably, scrap metal was also used.

The archaeological plaque material best allows us to describe their usage in southern and southeastern Estonia. Different theories have been put forward as to the origins of the custom of decorating clothes with plaques. However they have been widely used in the Baltic states and in areas east and northeast of Lake Peipsi by Finno-Ugric peoples.

Plaques were most often used to adorn shawls, headbands, and the edges of tunics. Due to the fact that tin does not survive well in Estonian soil, very few finds have been discovered that could allow to make a complete reconstruction of the placement of plaques on clothing. The last records about the usage of plaques date from the first half of the nineteenth century: in southern Estonia skirts with archaic tailoring – sõukesed – were decorated in this manner.

During the Iron Age plaques might have been made both for the local elite and for sale by the craftsmen dwelling in hillforts. Most probably, many craftsmen who made the plaques lived also in the villages on the countryside. It has been presumed that the making of moulds and casting tin might have been a female occupation. The assumption is based on the many female burials in the Baltics and near river Volga that contain ladles and moulds. Although much cheaper than silver and bronze, and easier to produce, it still cannot be said that plaques were used by the poor. Many have been found in rich graves with beautifully adorned clothing and valuable jewellery.

Freshly cast tin bears a resemblance to silver, thus it might be assumed that it was believed that tin adornments had similar protective-magical properties as silver jewellery.

Keywords: tin plaques, ornaments for clothing, tin casting, stone moulds, historical handicraft techniques
Esemete kultuurilised elulood
Authors: Gosden Chris , Marshall Yvonne
Published: April 2022

Kõigis sotsiaalteadustes peetakse praegusajal oluliseks mõelda inimeste ja asjade vahelistele suhetele. Kuni viimase ajani ei pööratud sellistes valdkondades nagu antropoloogia, ajalugu ja sotsioloogia materiaalsetele objektidele eriti tähelepanu, neis nähti peamiselt sotsiaalse protsessi jaoks vajalikke funktsionaalseid üksusi, mitte nende protsesside kujundajat. Arheoloogide jaoks on esemed muidugi alati olnud tegevuse keskmes, kuid ka nende tähelepanu on koondunud esemete funktsioonile, dateerimisele ning vähemal määral stiilile. Nende tunnuste analüüsimise kaudu on arheoloogid püüdnud esememaailma mõtestada.

Kahekümnenda sajandi viimase paarikümne aasta jooksul on olukord muutunud ja materiaalne kultuur on hõivanud ühiskonnateadustes palju kaalukama osa. Inimesed on hakanud mõistma, et esemed ei moodusta ainult inimtegevuse kulissi – nad on selle tegevuse lahutamatu koostisosa. Kui mõtleme materiaalse kultuuri peale selle valmistamise, vahetamise ja tarbimise eri hetkedel, siis loomulikult on vähe seda, mis jääks väljapoole, eriti kui arvesse võtta kõigi nende hetkede ühiskondlikku konteksti ja järelmeid. Niisugune uus fookus suunab meie tähelepanu sellele, kuidas inimeste ja esemete ajalood teineteist kujundavad. Siinkohal uurime üht metafoori nende protsesside mõistmiseks: elulugu. Keskseks ideeks on, et koos sellega, kuidas inimesed ja asjad koguvad endasse aega, liikumisi ja muutusi, muutuvad nad ka ise, ja et need inimeste ja esemete muutumised on teineteisega lahutamatult seotud.
La discriminación por razones sanitarias: el impacto del Covid-19 en las relaciones laborales
Authors: Pérez Guerrero Mª Luisa
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis de las nuevas formas de discriminación por razones sanitarias, provocadas por la irrupción del virus SARS-Cov-2 en nuestras vidas, en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales. Realizaremos un estudio de los principales problemas que la propagación de la enfermedad ha provocado en relación con la protección frente a la discriminación en el trabajo. Analizaremos los mecanismos de protección que nuestro ordenamiento jurídico arbitra frente a estas nuevas formas de discriminación tanto en el acceso al empleo, como en el desarrollo de la relación laboral o en el momento de su extinción. Ante la aplicación de normas aparentemente neutras, pueden subyacer comportamientos discriminatorios que frente a ciertos grupos de personas. Trataremos de exponer y reflexionar acerca de los garantías de nuestro ordenamiento frente a la lesión de los derechos fundamentales de los trabajadores como la intimidad, la dignidad, la integridad física o la protección de los datos personales relacionados con la salud. En segundo lugar, nos centraremos en determinar en qué medida las decisiones empresariales causadas por la situación de salud de los trabajadores vulneran el principio de igualdad y no discriminación. Y, finalmente, analizaremos la calificación del despido fundado en causas relacionadas con el COVID 19, así como las garantías jurisdiccionales en el proceso de despido. Palabras clave: Discriminación; COVID 19; derecho a la intimidad; protección de datos personales; despido nulo.
El problema de la discriminación inversa: ¿es posible discriminar a quienes pertenecen a los grupos sociales dominantes?
Authors: Álvarez del Cuvillo Antonio
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo pretende ofrecer un marco teórico para resolver los problemas interpretativos relacionados con las alegaciones de “discriminación inversa”. En este ámbito resulta muy patente la discordancia entre una noción individualista de discriminación, vinculada al principio de igualdad formal y la noción de discriminación en sentido social, relacionada con la erradicación de las desigualdades sistemáticas entre los grupos humanos. A estos efectos, partimos de la base de que toda discriminación implica siempre tanto un perjuicio individual como un perjuicio social, pero que tanto uno como otro pueden ser puramente hipotéticos o potenciales. Desde ese prisma se analizan diversos supuestos de posible discriminación inversa para determinar en qué medida se relacionan realmente con la prohibición de discriminación. Palabras clave: Discriminación inversa; concepto de discriminación; acción positiva
La dimensión social y económica del desarrollo sostenible, sin discriminación
Authors: Medina Casado Guadalupe
Published: April 2022

En el presente trabajo se analiza la transformación de la economía española hacia una economía circular, bajo el soporte social, económico y medioambiental. Se analizan ejemplos de políticas inclusivas con las que se propone un crecimiento en el empleo sin discriminación. Se hace mención al Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia que se encuentra en la actualidad en fase de ejecución en España. Palabras clave: Economía circular; no discriminación; brecha salarial; criterios DNSH.
Edad, discriminación positiva y “kaldor-hicks”
Authors: de Heredia Ruiz Ignasi Beltran
Published: April 2022

a partir de una síntesis de los criterios jurisprudenciales en los que se ha entendido que la edad ha sido un criterio identitario que ha provocado una discriminación negativa, este estudio, en primer lugar, analiza un supuesto resuelto por el TSJ de Andalucía en el que se ha utilizado como un criterio de discriminación positiva a partir del concepto de eficiencia de Kaldor-Hicks; y, en segundo lugar, proyecta los efectos que esta doctrina podría tener en la resolución de este tipo de controversias. Palabras clave: Discriminación por edad, discriminación positiva, eficiencia, kaldor-hicks
The Effect of Cash Flow Presentation Method on Investors’ Forecast of Future Cash Flows
Authors: Pornupatham Sompong , Tan Hun-Tong , Vichitsarawong Thanyaluk , Yoo G-Song
Published: April 2022

The decision usefulness of the direct versus indirect presentation method of a cash flow statement has been a long-standing issue in both practice and accounting research. By capitalizing on comparative advantages of experimental methods, we provide insights into how investors process the information contained in different presentation methods to make cash flow forecasts, especially in the context of various types of nonrecurring items. We predict and find that, when nonrecurring accrued expenses are present, the indirect method leads to lower forecast errors by activating investors’ underlying knowledge structures of operating cash flows in terms of an accrual (versus cash) basis. We also find that, in the presence of nonrecurring cash or nonrecurring accrued revenues, there is no difference in forecast errors between the indirect and direct methods. Moreover, we find that the combination of the direct and indirect methods (the direct-plus-indirect method) leads to lower forecast errors than the direct method, but it does not provide an incremental benefit for forecast accuracy beyond the indirect method.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.

Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from Chulalongkorn Business School, Korea University Business School, and the United Overseas Bank Endowment Fund.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4406 .
Diffusion of New Products with Heterogeneous Consumers
Authors: Fibich Gadi , Golan Amit
Published: April 2022

Does a new product spread faster among heterogeneous or homogeneous consumers? We analyze this question using the stochastic discrete Bass model in which consumers may differ in their individual external influence rates [Formula: see text] and in their individual internal influence rates [Formula: see text]. When the network is complete and the heterogeneity is only manifested in [Formula: see text] or only in [Formula: see text], it always slows down the diffusion, compared with the corresponding homogeneous network. When, however, consumers are heterogeneous in both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], heterogeneity slows down the diffusion in some cases but accelerates it in others. Moreover, the dominance between the heterogeneous and homogeneous adoption levels is global in time in some cases but changes with time in others. Perhaps surprisingly, global dominance between two networks is not always preserved under “additive transformations”, such as adding an identical node to both networks. When the network is not complete, the effect of heterogeneity depends also on its spatial distribution within the network.
Identifying the Core Driver for the Islamic Banking Capital Adequacy Regulation
Authors: Penikas Henry , Stefanenko Valeriya
Published: April 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic raised the stability challenges for the modern banking systems. As a remedy, the regulators and investors turned their eyes to the Islamic Banking. Many people view it as a full substitute to the dominant conventional banking establishments. We hypothesized that the benefits of the Islamic Banking can be fully enjoyed if and only if it is accompanied with the robust regulatory framework. Such a framework could offer room for the national discretion to define ‘alpha’ parameter within the capital adequacy ratio. The novelty of our paper is the largest collected to date set of alpha value embedded in the Islamic Banking jurisdictions.
Purpose: This research paper aims to able to identify the core driver to locally determine the value of alpha. The credit-to-GDP ratio was shown to be such a driver. We demonstrated that the earlier academic research had offered the Vasicek-based theoretical models for the Islamic Banking that had implied right the opposite values of alpha.
Methodology: We have eight independent determinants with presenting the alpha values for 11 countries registered in 2007 and in 2016.Those are the four macroeconomic variables. we have collected the input data for the regression model.
Findings: The credit-to-GDP ratio was shown to be such a driver. We demonstrated that the earlier academic research had offered the Vasicek-based theoretical models for the Islamic Banking that had implied right the opposite values of alpha. Thus, the usage of the determinant revealed by us could be of help to the central bankers when shaping the framework for Islamic Banking capital adequacy.
Paper Type: Research Article
Effects of group-activity intervention with multisensory storytelling on gross motor function and activity participation in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Lee Eun-Jung , Kwon Hae-Yeon
Published: April 2022

This study determined the effectiveness of 16 multisensory storytelling sessions on physical function and activity participation in children with cerebral palsy. Twenty-four children aged 7 to 8 who belonged to stage I to III of the Gross Motor Function Classification System were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 12 children in each group. The experimental group performed group activities through multisensory storytelling for 60 min, twice a week for 8 weeks, while the control group performed structured physical activities. The motor function, activity participation, and peer relationship skills were measured. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 for windows program, and the significance level (α) for statistical verification was set to 0.05. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for intragroup changes in motor function and activity participation in the experimental and control groups. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the difference between the 2 groups. Both groups improved gross motor function (P<0.05) and activity participation (P<0.05). A significant difference between both groups was also measured. Multisensory storytelling resulted in significant improvements in large motor function and activity participation. Therefore, it can be an effective intervention for improving gross motor function and activity participation in children with cerebral palsy.
PFMA population data
Authors: Paley Nicole
Published: April 2022

The Pet Food Manufacturers' Association (PFMA) has released its annual population data, indicating there are a record 35 million pets in the UK in 2022. Pet ownership is at a peak and 17.4 million households (62%) own a pet. In the UK there are now 13 million dogs and 12 million cats, 1.6 million indoor birds, 1.4 million domestic fowl, 1 million rabbits, 900 000 Guinea pigs, 700 000 pigeons, 600 000 hamsters, 600 000 tortoises and 600 000 horses.
Frugivoria por aves em Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae) na Costa do Dendê, Valença, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Lima Diego Mendes , Neves Edinaldo Luz das , Machado Caio Graco
Published: April 2022

The present study was carried out in Cajaíba (13º22’08"S; 39º04’20"W), Valença, BA, between September 2004 and August 2005 and it had as objective to determine which birds consume the fruits of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae). Fruits eaten were noted by focal-individual observation. We registered the number of fruits removed, tactics of capture, feeding behaviors and intra- and interspecific agonisms. In a total of 99 visits, 18 bird species were registered eating the fruits. The species that presented the highest rate of removal were Thraupis palmarum (Wied, 1823) (28.2%), Tersina viridis (Illiger, 1811) (12.9%), Myiozetetes similis (Spix, 1825) (10.6%), and Tachyphonus rufus (Boddaert, 1783) (10.6%). The most used tactics of capture was “picking the food without the total extension of the legs or the neck” and the most common behavior of mandible was “removing portions, taking away the fruits and making the seeds fall on the soil, near the plant. Gnorimopsar chopi (Vieillot, 1819) and Icterus jamacaii (Gmelin, 1788) were considered potential dispersers, because they transported the fruits far from the mother plant. Interspecific agonisms were registered between Tyrannus melancholicus Vieillot, 1819 and M. similis and between T.palmarum and T. viridis.
Crescimento e aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Lytechinus variegatus Lamarck, 1816 (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) na Praia da Ribeira, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Lopes Cecília da Paixão , Cerqueira Walter Ramos Pinto
Published: April 2022

This document intends to know growth aspects and reproductivebiology of a sea urchin population of the Lytechinus variegates species from the infralitoral of Ribeira Beach, located at Todos os Santos Bay, in Salvador city, BA, between April and September, 2006. The studied material was collected monthly, in low-tides and, at each one of them, were established five sampling points, counted from a tracing with a profile of fifty meters, perpendicular to the beach line, where at every ten meters from the profile, were looked for, ad libitum, ten specimens, whose carapaces height and diameter were measured in situ, by a paquimeter, totalizing fifty unites. Monthly, twenty specimens were collected ad libitum, anesthesied, fixed and taken to the laboratory, where they were also measured (carapace height and diameter), weighted (total humid weight), dissected, and had their Gonads and Aristotle’s lantern removed and weighted. Morphometric aspects were analyzed, like the carapace height and diameter, gonadal index, and Aristotle’s lantern index. The data obtained was put inMicrosoft Excel® spread sheets, and statistically analyzed. Significant variations were not perceived among diameter, height and weight middle values of the specimens along the months. Significant correlations among variants were perceived only between width and height and between gonadal index and Aristotle’s lantern index. The best variant to estimate the Lytechinus variegatus growth was the carapace diameter. The weight varies a lot among specimens in each population and the variety is related by plenty of body parts. In the studied area, the spawning period is between July and September.
Insetos brasileiros comentados pelos cronistas coloniais: séculos XVI e XVII
Authors: Almeida Argus Vasconcelos de
Published: April 2022

Through a revision in the literature by colonial chroniclers and by their first reviewers, 21 groups of Brazilian insects mentioned by the chroniclers were analyzed, among which stand out harmful insects: the burrowing flea, the biting midges, as well as the utilitarian insects such as the native bees. Among the 11 revised chroniclers’ texts, seven are from the 16th century: Staden, Thevet, Anchieta, Gândavo, Lery, Cardim, and Sousa. And four are from the beginning of the 17th: Abbeville, Evreux, Brandão, and Salvador. In relation to the number and the quality of the observations registered in the end of 16th century, the ones from Bahia by Gabriel Soares de Sousa stand out while the ones by Claude d’Abbeville, in Maranhão are remarkable in the beginning of the 17th.
Spatial and temporal patterns in dynamic-contrast enhanced intraoperative fluorescence imaging enable classification of bone perfusion in patients undergoing leg amputation
Authors: Han Xinyue , Demidov Valentin , Vaze Vikrant S. , Jiang Shudong , Gitajn Ida Leah , Elliott Jonathan T.
Published: April 2022

Dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging (DCE-FI) classification of tissue viability in twelve adult patients undergoing below knee leg amputation is presented. During amputation and with the distal bone exposed, indocyanine green contrast-enhanced images were acquired sequentially during baseline, following transverse osteotomy and following periosteal stripping, offering a uniquely well-controlled fluorescence dataset. An unsupervised classification machine leveraging 21 different spatiotemporal features was trained and evaluated by cross-validation in 3.5 million regions-of-interest obtained from 9 patients, demonstrating accurate stratification into normal, suspicious, and compromised regions. The machine learning (ML) approach also outperformed the standard method of using fluorescence intensity only to evaluate tissue perfusion by a two-fold increase in accuracy. The generalizability of the machine was evaluated in image series acquired in an additional three patients, confirming the stability of the model and ability to sort future patient image-sets into viability categories.
Deep-learning-assisted designing chiral terahertz metamaterials with asymmetric transmission properties
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhang Zhen , Xu Yafei , Zhang Liuyang , Yan Ruqiang , Chen Xuefeng
Published: April 2022

Chiral metamaterial induced asymmetric transmission (AT) possesses great potential for terahertz (THz) polarization applications, but its design has mainly relied on the conventional trial-and-error forward strategy. Here, based upon massive training samples, we propose a deep-learning-based approach to accelerate the design of chiral metamaterials. The deep learning framework includes two bidirectional networks that allow the model to self-autonomously decipher the nonintuitive relationship between chiral metamaterial structures and their corresponding electromagnetic responses. Our preliminary results show that our model can accurately predict THz responses for any kind of metamaterial structure and inversely retrieve structure parameters from given THz responses. It turns out that the deep-learning-assisted methodology exhibits more efficient design performance than the conventional physical-based metamaterial design approach. This work might provide another artificially intelligent design strategy for chiral metamaterials and shed light on the prosperous development of unprecedented THz applications.
Entanglement improvement via a single-side squeezing-based quantum scissors
Authors: Liu Cunjin , Zhan Mingxia , Qiu Xiaojian , Fu Zhen , Zhang Huan , Jia Fang
Published: April 2022

The entanglement improvement is theoretically investigated when applying a single-side quantum scissors (SSQS) with a local squeezing operation and two-asymmetrical beam splitters (BSs) to one mode of an input two-mode squeezed vacuum state (TMSV). It is found that the gain factor can be significantly enhanced with the increasing of local squeezing parameter at the expense of the success probability. The entanglement can also be further improved adjusting the local-squeezing or the transmissivity of BSs in a small initial squeezing region. In addition, our scheme is robust against the photon loss in TMSV. The improved effect becomes more obvious due to the presence of local squeezing. However, the case is not true for a more realistic SSQS. In both cases, the asymmetric BSs play a positive role for the entanglement improvement. These results suggest that the squeezing-based SSQS at single-photon level is beneficial to effectively improve the entanglement, which may have potential applications in quantum communication.
Analysis of Impact of Polarization Dependent Loss in Point to Multi-Point Subsea Communication Systems
Authors: Benyahya Kaoutar , Simonneau Christian , Ghazisaeidi Amirhossein , Plantady Philippe , Meseguer Alexis Carbo , Calsat Alain , Mardoyan Haik , Letellier Vincent , Renaudier Jérémie
Published: April 2022

We report on numerical investigation of the impact of polarization dependent loss generated by the wavelength selective switches as well as the amplifiers in a point to multi-point subsea- systems. We show that penalties due to R-OADM do not exceed 0.5dB when WSS PDL’s is below 0.33dB for 15 in-line WSS.
Self-configuring programmable photonics for processing, communications and sensing
Authors: Miller David A. B.
Published: April 2022

Silicon photonics allows remarkably complex interferometric optical circuits. Novel algorithms and architectures, including self-configuring and self-stabilizing approaches, can control these, enabling new functions and applications, and a new class of programmable optical components and systems.
On the Robustness of a ML-based Method for QoT Tool Parameter Refinement in Partially Loaded Networks
Authors: Morette Nathalie , de Jauregui Ruiz Ivan Fernandez , Hafermann Hartmut , Pointurier Yvan
Published: April 2022

The robustness of a ML-based QoT input parameters refinement technique in partially loaded networks (both static and dynamic) is assessed using experimental data. SNR prediction error is reduced by up to 1dB over >40000 services.