bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability of the Dynamical Motion of a Damped 3DOF Auto-parametric Pendulum System
Authors: Amer T. S. , Bek M. A. , Nael M. S. , Sirwah Magdy A. , Arab A.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The motion of three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of an automatic parametric pendulum attached with a damped system has been investigated. The kinematics equations of this system have been derived employing Lagrange’s equations in accordance to it’s the generalized coordinates.

Methods

The method of multiple scales (MMS) has been used to obtain the solutions of the controlling equations up to the third-order of approximation. The solvability criteria and modulation equations for primary external resonance have been explored simultaneously.

Results

The non-linear stability approach has been used to analyze the stability of the considered system according to its different parameters. Time histories of the amplitudes and the phases of this system have been graphed to characterize the motion of the system at any given occurrence.

Conclusions

The different zones of stability and instability of this study have been checked and examined, in which the system's behavior has been revealed to be stable for various values of its variables.
Circular Economy and the triple bottom line in Norway
Authors: Wiebe Kirsten S. , Norstebø Vibeke S. , Aponte Fabian R. , Simas Moana S. , Andersen Tina , Perez-Valdes Gerardo A.
Published: April 2022

A more circular economy aims to reduce global material consumption, make the most out of our resources, and create a more sustainable economic system. In this paper, we analyze how different circular economy actions in Norway affect indicators in the three pillars of sustainable development: economic prosperity (measured by value added), social equity (measured by employment opportunities), and environmental protection (measured by greenhouse gas emissions). Based on priorities of the EU’s Circular Economy Action Plan and characteristics of the Norwegian economy, we have selected five value chains for analysis: electronics; textiles; construction and building; packaging and plastics; and metal efficiency. The results show that there is a substantial potential for increased value added and employment in Norway related to the circular transition, while at the same time mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. For increased material efficiency (plastic packaging, metals), employment gains can be substantial, while imports of metals and plastics decrease, resulting in lower upstream emissions, but higher Norwegian emissions. For consumer goods (textiles, electronics), the positive effects come about from shifting from a buy-and-discard model to a buy-repair/share/use longer model, resulting in increased employment in Norway and decreased imports, which potentially leads to lower emissions, but also lower employment globally. For re-use/re-purpose and recycling of building materials, emission-intense material extraction and processing activities are replaced by more labour intense activities, but has the largest potential of decreasing emissions within Norway.
The Codification of Jewish Law on the Cusp of Modernity
Authors: Fram Edward
Published: April 2022

For more than four centuries, Jewish life has been based on a code of law written by Joseph Caro, his Shulḥan `aruk ['set table']. The work was an immediate best-seller because it presented the law in a clear and concise format. Caro's work, however, was methodologically problematic and was widely criticized in the first generations after its publication. In this volume, Edward Fram examines Caro's methods as well as those of two of his contemporaries, Moses Isserles and Solomon Luria. He highlights criticisms of Caro's legal thought and brings alternative methodologies to the fore. He also compares these three jurists, while placing  their methods, and cases in their historical, intellectual, and religious contexts. Fram's volume ultimately explains why Caro's methodologically problematic work won the day, while more sophisticated approaches remained points of legal reference but fell short of achieving the acceptance that their authors hoped for.
Non-Finiteness
Authors: Yang Bingjun
Published: April 2022

'Non-finiteness' is a phenomenon that occurs in most natural languages, whereby a verb is not inflected by grammatical tense, and does not possess the grammatical features of aspect, mood or voice. Various theories have been developed to explain their distribution and their role in clause structure, but many instances of non-finiteness remain unaccounted for. Taking a functional approach, this study proposes a 'process relation framework' to explain the more complex, previously unaccounted for, instances of non-finiteness in clause structure. It applies the framework comparatively to non-finiteness in English and Chinese, showing how it can be applied across typologically distinct languages. Drawing on corpus-based instances and observations, it introduces numerous thought-provoking cases, in which constructional (or combining) types and the predictability of non-finiteness co-occur. In terms of application, non-finiteness is decisive in categorising language types, and it is critical in processing natural languages, text segmentation and annotation in particular.
China's European Headquarters
Authors: Knüsel Ariane
Published: April 2022

During the Cold War, the People's Republic of China used Switzerland as headquarters for its economic, political, intelligence, and cultural networks in Europe. Based on extensive research in Western and Chinese archives, China's European Headquarters charts not only how Switzerland came to play this role, but also how Chinese networks were built in practice, often beyond the public face of official proclamations and diplomatic interactions. By tracing the development of Sino-Swiss relations in the Cold War, Ariane Knüsel sheds new light on the People's Republic of China's formulation and implementation of foreign policy in Europe, Latin America and Africa and Switzerland's efforts to align neutrality, humanitarian engagement, and economic interests.
Care and Support Rights After Neoliberalism
Authors: Maker Yvette
Published: April 2022

This book offers principles for designing care and support policy to address two persistent sources of tension in the field. The first is the tension between supporting women's unpaid caring and supporting their paid work participation. The second is the tension between carers' claims for support based on the 'burden' of caring and disability rights claims for support for choice and independence for people with disabilities. Policies tend to favor one activity and one constituency over the other. Consequently, individuals' access to resources and choices about how they live are constrained. Using a citizenship rights framework, with insights from human rights law, the principles provide guidance for designing policy and legislation that avoids 'either/or' approaches and addresses the interests of multiple constituencies. Analyses of Australian and English policies demonstrate the value of the principles for developing policy that reduces inequality, responds to 'failures' of neoliberalism, and expands choice for all.
International Law and the Arab-Israeli Conflict
Authors: Sabel Robbie
Published: April 2022

Drawing upon Robbie Sabel's first-hand involvement with many legal negotiations in the Arab-Israeli conflict, International Law and the Arab-Israeli Conflict examines international law in relation to the conflict by analysing its major events and agreements, both historical and contemporary. Outlining the role of international law from the collapse of the Ottoman Empire until the present day, it considers the legal elements of the various peace treaties that Israel has signed with its neighbouring Arab States. Using his expertise as a professor, practitioner and ambassador, Sabel endeavours to represent both sides of the conflict, offering a wealth of counter-arguments and adding his own legal interpretations. With this valuable resource, students and researchers working within a range of disciplines can fully appreciate the role of international law in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Reason and Religion
Authors: Philipse Herman
Published: April 2022

Religion is relevant to all of us, whether we are believers or not. This book concerns two interrelated topics. First, how probable is God's existence? Should we not conclude that all divinities are human inventions? Second, what are the mental and social functions of endorsing religious beliefs? The answers to these questions are interdependent. If a religious belief were true, the fact that humans hold it might be explained by describing how its truth was discovered. If all religious beliefs are false, a different explanation is required. In this provocative book Herman Philipse combines philosophical investigations concerning the truth of religious convictions with empirical research on the origins and functions of religious beliefs. Numerous topics are discussed, such as the historical genesis of monotheisms out of polytheisms, how to explain Saul's conversion to Jesus, and whether any apologetic strategy of Christian philosophers is convincing. Universal atheism is the final conclusion.
Teaching for Data Reuse and Working toward Digital Literacy in Archaeology
Authors: Garstki Kevin
Published: April 2022

This article outlines a model for teaching undergraduate and graduate archaeology students the skills for working with open-access archaeological data and using digital tools for analysis. Due to the often limited opportunities for students to learn methods directly for data reuse, large archaeological datasets remain stagnant and unused in digital archives. The bloat of unused data stands as a major ethical hurdle in heritage fields. This article explores an approach for addressing this issue, which is to incorporate data and digital literacy training into standard archaeological curricula. This approach consists of covering a wide range of topics that contribute to digital and data fluency that include both practical digital skills and discussions aimed at contextualizing the tools into larger, ethical, and sociopolitical frameworks. This article offers summaries of the activities and tutorials developed for this project and provides open access to all of the resources for future use.
Accuracy of Küchemann’s prediction for the locus of aerodynamic centres on swept wings compared to an inviscid panel method
Authors: Moorthamers B. , Hunsaker D.F.
Published: April 2022

The locus of aerodynamic centres of a finite wing is the collection of all spanwise section aerodynamic centres, and depends on aspect ratio, wing sweep and planform shape. This locus is of great importance in the positioning of vortex elements in lifting-line theory. Traditionally, these vortex elements are placed along the quarter-chord of a wing, leading to inaccurate predictions of aerodynamic coefficients for swept wings due to the discontinuity in the line of vorticity at the wing root. An analytical solution was presented by Küchemann in 1956 to determine the locus of aerodynamic centres as a function of sweep. While experimental studies have been performed to visualise this locus, no large amount of data is available to fully evaluate the accuracy of Küchemann’s analytical solution. In the present study, a numerical approach is taken using a high-order panel method for inviscid, incompressible flow to calculate the locus of aerodynamic centres for elliptic wings over a wide range of sweep angles, aspect ratios and profile thicknesses. An inviscid panel method is chosen over full CFD solutions because of their ability to isolate the inviscid phenomena. Küchemann’s prediction is compared to this numerical data. The root mean square error is calculated for each wing in a broad design space to determine the accuracy of Küchemann’s theory. It is shown to be remarkably accurate over the range of cases studied, with the root mean square error staying below 4% for all wings with aft sweep and aspect ratios higher than
$R_A=5$
. The actual difference between Küchemann’s prediction and numerical data is lower than that for the majority of the span for many of the wing designs considered, with the RMS error being skewed by the results at the tip. Results demonstrate that Küchemann’s analytical equations can be used as an accurate approximation for the locus of aerodynamic centres and could be used in modern numerical lifting-line algorithms*.
Effects of flame-flame interaction on emission characteristics in gas turbine combustors
Authors: Kwak S. , Choi J. , Ahn M. , Lee M. C. , Yoon Y.
Published: April 2022

In real gas turbines, multiple nozzles are used instead of a single-nozzle; therefore, interactions between flames are inevitable. In this study, the effects of flame-flame interaction on the emission characteristics and lean blowout limit were analysed in a CH4-fueled single- and dual-nozzle combustor. OH* chemiluminescence imaging showed that a flame-interacting region, where the two flames from the nozzles were merged, was present in the dual-nozzle combustor, unlike the single-nozzle combustor. Flow-field measurements using particle image velocimetry confirmed that a faster velocity region was formed at the flame merging region, thereby hindering flame stabilisation. In addition, we compared the emission indices of NOx and CO between the two combustors. The emission indices of CO were not significantly different; however, a distinct effect of flame-flame interaction was indicated in NOx. To understand the effect of flame-flame interaction on NOx emissions, we measured temperature distribution using a multi-point thermocouple. Results showed that a wider high-temperature region was formed in the dual-nozzle combustor compared to the single-nozzle combustor; this was attributable to the high OH* chemiluminescence intensity in the flame-interacting region. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the size of this interacting region caused the deformation of the temperature distribution in the combustor, which can induce a difference in the increase ratio of NOx emission between high and low equivalence ratio ranges. In conclusion, we confirmed that flame-flame interaction significantly affected temperature distribution in the downstream of the flame, and the change in temperature distribution contributed primarily to the varying concentration of the emission gas.
KP governs random growth off a 1-dimensional substrate
Authors: Quastel Jeremy , Remenik Daniel
Published: April 2022

The logarithmic derivative of the marginal distributions of randomly fluctuating interfaces in one dimension on a large scale evolve according to the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation. This is derived algebraically from a Fredholm determinant obtained in [MQR17] for the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) fixed point as the limit of the transition probabilities of TASEP, a special solvable model in the KPZ universality class. The Tracy–Widom distributions appear as special self-similar solutions of the KP and Korteweg–de Vries equations. In addition, it is noted that several known exact solutions of the KPZ equation also solve the KP equation.
Ultra-compact post-compressor on-shot wavefront measurement for beam correction at PHELIX
Authors: Ohland J. B. , Eisenbarth U. , Zielbauer B. , Zobus Y. , Posor D. , Hornung J. , Reemts D. , Bagnoud V.
Published: April 2022

In order to reach the highest intensities, modern laser systems use adaptive optics to control their beam quality. Ideally, the focal spot is optimized after the compression stage of the system in order to avoid spatio-temporal couplings. This also requires a wavefront sensor after the compressor, which should be able to measure the wavefront on-shot. At PHELIX, we have developed an ultra-compact post-compressor beam diagnostic due to strict space constraints, measuring the wavefront over the full aperture of 28 cm. This system features all-reflective imaging beam transport and a high dynamic range in order to measure the wavefront in alignment mode as well as on shot.
System design and calibration of SITARA—a global 21 cm short spacing interferometer prototype
Authors: Thekkeppattu Jishnu N. , McKinley Benjamin , Trott Cathryn M. , Jones Jake , Ung Daniel C. X.
Published: April 2022

Global 21-cm experiments require exquisitely precise calibration of the measurement systems in order to separate the weak 21-cm signal from Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds as well as instrumental systematics. Hitherto, experiments aiming to make this measurement have concentrated on measuring this signal using the single element approach. However, an alternative approach based on interferometers with short baselines is expected to alleviate some of the difficulties associated with a single element approach such as precision modelling of the receiver noise spectrum. Short spacing Interferometer Telescope probing cosmic dAwn and epoch of ReionisAtion (SITARA) is a short spacing interferometer deployed at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO). It is intended to be a prototype or a test-bed to gain a better understanding of interferometry at short baselines, and develop tools to perform observations and data calibration. In this paper, we provide a description of the SITARA system and its deployment at the MRO, and discuss strategies developed to calibrate SITARA. We touch upon certain systematics seen in SITARA data and their modelling. We find that SITARA has sensitivity to all sky signals as well as non-negligible noise coupling between the antennas. It is seen that the coupled receiver noise has a spectral shape that broadly matches the theoretical calculations reported in prior works. We also find that when appropriately modified antenna radiation patterns taking into account the effects of mutual coupling are used, the measured data are well modelled by the standard visibility equation.
The conformational plasticity of the selectivity filter methionines controls the in-cell Cu(I) uptake through the CTR1 transporter
Authors: Janoš Pavel , Aupič Jana , Ruthstein Sharon , Magistrato Alessandra
Published: April 2022

Copper is a trace element vital to many cellular functions. Yet its abnormal levels are toxic to cells, provoking a variety of severe diseases. The high affinity copper transporter 1 (CTR1), being the main in-cell copper [Cu(I)] entry route, tightly regulates its cellular uptake via a still elusive mechanism. Here, all-atoms simulations unlock the molecular terms of Cu(I) transport in eukaryotes disclosing that the two methionine (Met) triads, forming the selectivity filter, play an unprecedented dual role both enabling selective Cu(I) transport and regulating its uptake rate thanks to an intimate coupling between the conformational plasticity of their bulky side chains and the number of bound Cu(I) ions. Namely, the Met residues act as a gate reducing the Cu(I) import rate when two ions simultaneously bind to CTR1. This may represent an elegant autoregulatory mechanism through which CTR1 protects the cells from excessively high, and hence toxic, in-cell Cu(I) levels. Overall, our outcomes resolve fundamental questions in CTR1 biology and open new windows of opportunity to tackle diseases associated with an imbalanced copper uptake.
An assessment of herbage mass, ryegrass cultivar and red clover inclusion on sward productivity, quality and morphology under a cutting protocol
Authors: Holohan C. , Grace C. , Bock M. , Lynch M. B.
Published: April 2022

The use of ‘cut-and-carry’ (the mechanical harvesting and feeding of fresh grass) has increased in some temperate regions in recent years and evidence suggests that sward management practices in this system differ to conventional grazing. In order to investigate this further, a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment was used to examine the effect of low (1489 kg dry matter (DM)/ha; LHM) and high (2142 kg DM/ha; HHM) pre-cutting herbage mass; three ryegrass cultivars, diploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne; DIP), tetraploid perennial ryegrass (TET) and a hybrid ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum × L. perenne; HY); and the inclusion of red clover (Trifolium pratense) on sward herbage production, nutritive value and ryegrass morphology. Plots were harvested according to herbage mass from March to November in 2018 and 2019. Annual DM production was 1489 kg DM/ha higher in HHM than in LHM swards. Pre-cutting herbage mass had no effect on organic matter digestibility (OMD) in early season for DIP and TET swards or in late season for all cultivars. There was an interaction between ryegrass cultivar and clover inclusion in annual yield whereby red clover increased DM production in all cultivars however, its effect was largest in HY swards. Red clover inclusion increased DM production but reduced OMD in early and mid-seasons. Overall, TET swards were lowest in neutral detergent fibre and highest in OMD compared to HY and DIP. Pre-cutting herbage mass, ryegrass cultivar and red clover inclusion require careful consideration when establishing and managing pastures in cut-and-carry systems.
Immunolocalization and functional analysis of Opisthorchis viverrini-M60-like-1 metallopeptidase in animal models
Authors: Wendo Woro D. , Tangkawattana Sirikachorn , Saichua Prasert , Ta Binh T. T. , Candra Agatha R. K. , Tangkawattana Prasarn , Suttiprapa Sutas
Published: April 2022

Host mucins have crucial physical roles in preventing the parasitic establishment and maturation, and also in expelling the invading parasites. However, some parasites utilize mucinase enzymes to facilitate the infection. Recently, we have identified a mucinase enzyme of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, Ov-M60-like-1, which exhibits metallopeptidase activity against bovine submaxillary mucin substrate. Here, we aimed to study the localization of this enzyme in O. viverrini and the bile duct of hamsters using immunohistochemistry and functional analysis by mucin digestion in hamsters and mice tissues. The results showed that Ov-M60-like-1 was detected strongly in the tegument, tegumental cells, vitelline glands and mature eggs with miracidium. Expression in the gut, ovary and testis of the parasite was moderate while parenchyma showed slight colour intensity. In addition, the mucinase was also detected in the host biliary epithelial cells and goblet cells surrounding the worm. The mucinase assay revealed that the Ov-M60-like-1 could digest neutral mucin in the parenchyma, testis and seminal receptacle, but not the mucin in the tegument, tegumental cells and vitelline glands of the worm. The enzyme can also digest mucin in the cholangiocytes and modified the mixture type in the bile duct goblet cells of the infected hamsters, a susceptible host. In contrast, the enzyme was unable to digest neutral, acid and mixture mucin in the bile duct of the mice, a non-susceptible host. These findings indicate that Ov-M60-like-1 may have functions in both housekeeping tasks and host–parasite interactions, especially in modification of host susceptibility.
Thinking about caring for older relatives in the future: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Stevens Madeleine , Brimblecombe Nicola , Bou Camille , Wittenberg Raphael
Published: April 2022

The number of dependent older people in England, as elsewhere, is projected to rise substantially, while the number of unpaid carers is not projected to rise by an equivalent amount. Barriers to people caring for older relatives have been theorised, however, there is a lack of understanding of attitudes to providing care in the future among people who are not currently carers. This paper presents qualitative analysis of interviews with 20 people in middle age about their willingness to care for older relatives in the future. Interviewees were asked their general views about who should provide care, then to consider future scenarios in which a close relative developed care needs. Willingness to care was influenced by beliefs about reciprocity, love and identity, beliefs about who was likely to provide the best quality and most appropriate care, and beliefs about how difficult caring would be. Older relatives’ care preferences were a key consideration. While some interviewees felt the best care would always be provided by family, others considered that professional skills were needed. Interviewees saw important roles for easily accessible information and advice, sharing care, including respite care, and financial support, in making it easier to provide care. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown had highlighted relevant issues for interviewees, which are discussed.
‘Is my journey destination home?’ Exploring the experiences of older adults who undertake a transition care programme: a qualitative study
Authors: Hang Jo-Aine , Francis-Coad Jacqueline , Ho Portia , Waldron Nicholas , Purslowe Kate , Hill Anne-Marie
Published: April 2022

Transition care programmes (TCP) provide older adults with goal-oriented rehabilitation after hospitalisation. However, limited research has focused on understanding older adults' experiences when undertaking TCP. Using a phenomenological approach, we explored the lived experience of older adults undertaking a TCP at a transition care facility in Australia. A purposive sample (N = 33 participants: 16 older adults, four family members and 13 staff) was recruited. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken at three time-points during admission and inductive thematic analysis was utilised. Older adults reflected on their TCP experiences through an emotional lens through which they deliberated, ‘is my destination home?’ Fear of losing independence and uncertainty about their discharge destination strongly influenced older adults' perspectives regarding their TCP experience. Emotional responses, both positive and negative, were influenced by expectations prior to admission, level of family support and staff behaviour. Staff and family concurred that many older adults were confused about their admission to the facility and initially were unprepared to engage in the rehabilitation provided. Older adults experienced TCP as a time of great uncertainty and feared the unknown when discharged from hospital to transition care. They expressed grief at the loss of existing life roles and anxiety about the possibility of being unable to return home. Health professionals need to inform and tailor rehabilitation for older adults to better support this transient time of life.
Sleep health in later life: interviews exploring experiences, attitudes and behaviours of older people
Authors: Crestani Freya , Williams Grace , Breheny Mary , Tupara Hope , Cunningham Chris , Gander Philippa , Gibson Rosemary
Published: April 2022

Sleep is vital for health and wellbeing across the lifecourse. Ethnic differences have been observed with regards to the prevalence and predictors of self-reported sleep problems. An understanding of sleep experiences with ageing and across ethnicities is required to better support older people. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 23 people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand aged 61–92 years (12 Māori and 11 non-Māori) concerning current sleep status, changes over their lifecourse and personal strategies for supporting good sleep. Participants typically expressed satisfaction with current sleep (usually pertaining to duration) or feelings that sleep was compromised (usually pertaining to waking function). Comparisons to a socially perceived ‘ideal’ sleep were common, with sleep transitions presented as a gradual and accepted part of ageing. Participants resisted medicalising sleep disruptions in older age. While participants were aware of ways to enhance their sleep, many acknowledged engaging in practices that undermined it. Unique insights from some Māori participants indicated that sleep disruptions were not so readily pathologised compared to Western views and that sleeplessness could provide opportunity for cultural or spiritual connection. Common narratives underpinning the themes were: ‘You don't need as much sleep when you're older’, ‘Sleep just fits in’ and ‘Having the time of my life’. Findings provide personal experiences and cultural interpretations relating to sleep and ageing. This provides the foundation for future participatory research to co-design sleep health messages which are meaningful for ageing well across ethnicities.
Ordering disorder: The making of world politics
Authors: Johnson Jamie M. , Basham Victoria M. , Thomas Owen D.
Published: April 2022

This article offers insights into the character and composition of world order. It does so by focusing on how world order is made and revealed through seemingly disorderly events. We examine how societies struggle to interpret and respond to disorderly events through three modes of treatment: tragedy, crisis, and scandal. These, we argue, are the dominant modes of treatment in world politics, through which an account of disorder is articulated and particular political responses are mobilised. Specifically, we argue that each mode provides a particular way of problematising disorder, locating responsibility, and generating political responses. As we will demonstrate, these modes instigate the ordering of disorder, but they also agitate and reveal the contours of order itself. We argue, therefore, that an attentiveness to how we make sense of and respond to disorder offers the discipline new opportunities for interrogating the underlying forces, dynamics, and structures that define contemporary world politics.
Is value portable? An examination of contextual and practical considerations that affect the transferability of value assessments between settings
Authors: Synnott Patricia G. , Lin Pei-Jung , Hickson Stacey S. , Glaetzer Christoph , Ollendorf Daniel A.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The extent to which value assessments are uniquely deployed in any given geographic setting is variable. Increasingly, markets are seeking insights from external health technology assessments (HTAs) to assist with decisions surrounding the adoption of new technologies. We reviewed the environment, infrastructure, and practice of value assessment in six countries, with a focus on how these elements influence the transferability of value assessments between settings.

Methods

We reviewed the diverse settings in which six organizations conducting HTA operate, and explored how differences might affect the transferability of value assessment. We focused attention on Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee, China’s National Center for Medicine and HTA, Germany’s Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen, Japan’s Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health (Core 2 Health), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in England and Wales, and the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review in the United States.

Results

HTA is adopted to address unique objectives for a given health system and is tailored to support local standards and preferences. Some elements of a value assessment, such as evidence on clinical effectiveness, may be more transferable than others. It is challenging to appropriately adjust external assessments to the local context.

Conclusions

Contextual differences influence both the role and application of HTA. These differences limit the transferability of value assessments from one setting to another. De novo appraisals, customized to the local decision context, are the ideal approach to determinations about value.
Dynamics of generalised exponential maps
Authors: COMDÜHR PATRICK , EVDORIDOU VASILIKI , SIXSMITH DAVID J.
Published: April 2022

Since 1984, many authors have studied the dynamics of maps of the form
$\mathcal{E}_a(z) = e^z - a$
, with
$a > 1$
. It is now well-known that the Julia set of such a map has an intricate topological structure known as a Cantor bouquet, and much is known about the dynamical properties of these functions.

It is rather surprising that many of the interesting dynamical properties of the maps
$\mathcal{E}_a$
actually arise from their elementary function theoretic structure, rather than as a result of analyticity. We show this by studying a large class of continuous
$\mathbb{R}^2$
maps, which, in general, are not even quasiregular, but are somehow analogous to
$\mathcal{E}_a$
. We define analogues of the Fatou and the Julia set and we prove that this class has very similar dynamical properties to those of
$\mathcal{E}_a$
, including the Cantor bouquet structure, which is closely related to several topological properties of the endpoints of the Julia set.
Dosimetric comparison of Synchrony® real-time motion tracking treatment plans between CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery and Radixact system for stereotactic body radiation therapy of lung and prostate cancer
Authors: Kong C.W. , Chiu T.L. , Geng H. , Lam W.W. , Yang B. , Cheung C.W. , Yu S.K.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to assess which machine, Radixact or CyberKnife, can deliver better treatment for lung and prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with the use of Synchrony® real-time motion tracking system. Ten and eight patients treated with lung and prostate SBRT, respectively, using the CyberKnife system were selected for the assessment. For each patient, a retrospective Radixact plan was created and compared with the original CyberKnife plan. There was no statistically significant difference in the new conformity index of the Radixact plans and that of the Cyberknife plans in both lung and prostate SBRT. The average homogeneity index in the Radixact plans was better in both lung and prostate SBRT with statistical significance (p = 0·04 for lung and p = 0·02 for prostate). In lung SBRT, the dose to lungs was lower in Cyberknife plans (p = 0·002). In prostate SBRT, there was no statistically significant difference in organs at risk sparing between Cyberknife plans and Radixact plans. In conclusion, CyberKnife was better in lung SBRT while Radixact was better in prostate SBRT.
Die klinische Validierung des diagnostischen Elterninterviews „Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment“ (DIPA)
Authors: Ladicha Lina S. , Altemeyer Klara-Maria , Ramsauer Brigitte
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung. Da Klein- und Vorschulkinder bereits unter psychischen Auffälligkeiten leiden können, ist ein valides Diagnoseinstrument erforderlich. Das Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment (DIPA) ist ein Elterninterview zur klinischen Diagnostik im Kleinkind- und Vorschulalter. Die deutsche DIPA-Version wurde auf ihre psychometrischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Mit N = 109 Eltern klinisch vorgestellter Kinder (Alter: 0 bis 6 Jahre) wurde das DIPA durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse mit der CBCL / 1½-5 und der C-TRF / 1½-5 verglichen. Die Kinder erhielten durchschnittlich zwei DIPA-Diagnosen, wobei die Störung mit Oppositionellem Trotzverhalten am häufigsten vorkam. Es zeigten sich zufriedenstellende Beurteilerübereinstimmungen. Zwischen den nach Anzahl der DIPA-Diagnosen eingeteilten Gruppen zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede in den CBCL-Ergebnissen. Erhöhte CBCL-Problemwerte konnten das Vorliegen von DIPA-Diagnosen vorhersagen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine zufriedenstellende Konstruktvalidität des DIPA. Es kann im klinischen Alltag eingesetzt werden, da es die 15 wichtigsten DSM-5-Diagnosen des Vorschulalters umfasst und valide, benutzerfreundlich sowie effizient ist und auch für die Forschung vielfältige Möglichkeiten liefert.
Annually Resolved Profiles of δ34S and Sulfate in Shallow Ice Core DF01 (Dome Fuji, Antarctica) Spanning the Nineteenth Century and Their Geochemical Implications
Authors: Takahashi Kazuya , Sahoo Yu Vin , Nakai Yoichi , Motoyama Hideaki , Motizuki Yuko
Published: April 2022

We report the results of a high‐sensitivity sulfur‐isotope (δ34S) analysis of samples from shallow ice core DF01 from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, and present chronological profiles of the data with an annual resolution covering the entire nineteenth century. In the δ34S and non‐sea‐salt (nss)‐sulfate ([SO42−]nss) profiles, the signals of five well‐known nineteenth century volcanic eruptions were confirmed: Krakatau 1883 (and Tarawera 1886), Makian 1861, Cosiguina 1835, Tambora 1815, and Unknown 1809. Due to large influence of sulfate caused by volcanic eruptions in the first half of the nineteenth century, the averages of nss‐sulfur‐isotope composition (δ34Snss) and [SO42−]nss for the second half (+14.6‰ and 67.6 μg/L), calculated after excluding these prominent signals, were found to differ from those of the first half century (+9.1‰ and 84.1 μg/L). We also examined anomalous variations other than the five major volcanic signals in the δ34S and [SO42−]nss profiles based on not only variations in δ34S and [SO42−]nss but also variations in the concentrations of other ions. We then identified the presence of three additional volcanic signals: Babuyan 1831, Galunggung 1822, and an unknown volcanic eruption around 1807. The latter two signals confirmed for the first time in Antarctic ice cores. Other δ34S and [SO42−]nss anomalies may be related to an influx of coastal air masses, a nonstratospheric volcanic eruption near Antarctica or an increase in the relative contribution of a stratospheric component to the precipitation in inland Antarctica. These demonstrate the importance of obtaining the annually resolved, continuous δ34S profile over a certain period.
Investigating geographic differences in environmental chemical exposures in maternal and cord sera using non-targeted screening and silicone wristbands in California
Authors: Goin Dana E. , Abrahamsson Dimitri , Wang Miaomiao , Park June-Soo , Sirota Marina , Morello-Frosch Rachel , DeMicco Erin , Trowbridge Jessica , August Laura , O’Connell Steven , Ladella Subhashini , Zlatnik Marya G. , Woodruff Tracey J.
Published: April 2022

Background

Differential risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes may be influenced by prenatal chemical exposures, but current exposure methods may not fully capture data to identify harms and differences.

Methods

We collected maternal and cord sera from pregnant people in Fresno and San Francisco, and screened for over 2420 chemicals using LC-QTOF/MS. We matched San Francisco participants to Fresno participants (N = 150) and compared detection frequencies. Twenty-six Fresno participants wore silicone wristbands evaluated for over 1500 chemicals using quantitative chemical analysis. We assessed whether living in tracts with higher levels of pollution according to CalEnviroScreen correlated with higher numbers of chemicals detected in sera.

Results

We detected 2167 suspect chemical features across maternal and cord sera. The number of suspect chemical features was not different by city, but a higher number of suspect chemicals in cosmetics or fragrances was detected in the Fresno versus San Francisco participants’ sera. We also found high levels of chemicals used in fragrances measured in the silicone wristbands. Fresno participants living in tracts with higher pesticide scores had higher numbers of suspect pesticides in their sera.

Conclusions

Multiple exposure-assessment approaches can identify exposure to many chemicals during pregnancy that have not been well-studied for health effects.
Hsa-miR-30a-3p overcomes the acquired protective autophagy of bladder cancer in chemotherapy and suppresses tumor growth and muscle invasion
Authors: Hwang Thomas I-Sheng , Chen Po-Chun , Tsai Te-Fu , Lin Ji-Fan , Chou Kuang-Yu , Ho Chao-Yen , Chen Hung-En , Chang An-Chen
Published: April 2022

Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common urologic cancer in western countries. New strategies for managing high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are urgently required because MIBC has a high risk of recurrence and poor survival. A growing body of evidence indicates that microRNA has potent antitumorigenic properties in various cancers, and thus, therapeutic strategies based on microRNA may show promising results in cancer therapy. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database indicated that hsa-miR-30a-3p is downregulated in human BC. Our in vitro investigation demonstrated that hsa-miR-30a-3p suppresses the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 and reduces the cell invasive potential of BC cells. Furthermore, hsa-miR-30a-3p directly targets ATG5, ATG12, and Beclin 1; this in turn improves the chemosensitivity of BC cells to cisplatin through the repression of protective autophagy. In a tumor-xenograft mice model, hsa-miR-30a-3p suppressed muscle invasion. Cotreatment with hsa-miR-30a-3p enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin in reducing tumor growth in BC. The current study provides a novel strategy of using hsa-miR-30a-3p as an adjuvant or replacement therapy in future BC treatment.
Red edge effect and chromoselective photocatalysis with amorphous covalent triazine-based frameworks
Authors: Zou Yajun , Abednatanzi Sara , Gohari Derakhshandeh Parviz , Mazzanti Stefano , Schüßlbauer Christoph M. , Cruz Daniel , Van Der Voort Pascal , Shi Jian-Wen , Antonietti Markus , Guldi Dirk M. , Savateev Aleksandr
Published: April 2022

Chromoselective photocatalysis offers an intriguing opportunity to enable a specific reaction pathway out of a potentially possible multiplicity for a given substrate by using a sensitizer that converts the energy of incident photon into the redox potential of the corresponding magnitude. Several sensitizers possessing different discrete redox potentials (high/low) upon excitation with photons of specific wavelength (short/long) have been reported. Herein, we report design of molecular structures of two-dimensional amorphous covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) possessing intraband states close to the valence band with strong red edge effect (REE). REE enables generation of a continuum of excited sites characterized by their own redox potentials, with the magnitude proportional to the wavelength of incident photons. Separation of charge carriers in such materials depends strongly on the wavelength of incident light and is the primary parameter that defines efficacy of the materials in photocatalytic bromination of electron rich aromatic compounds. In dual Ni-photocatalysis, excitation of electrons from the intraband states to the conduction band of the CTF with 625 nm photons enables selective formation of C‒N cross-coupling products from arylhalides and pyrrolidine, while an undesirable dehalogenation process is completely suppressed.
Multivariate analysis of disorder in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Sapnik Adam F. , Bechis Irene , Bumstead Alice M. , Johnson Timothy , Chater Philip A. , Keen David A. , Jelfs Kim E. , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: April 2022

The rational design of disordered frameworks is an appealing route to target functional materials. However, intentional realisation of such materials relies on our ability to readily characterise and quantify structural disorder. Here, we use multivariate analysis of pair distribution functions to fingerprint and quantify the disorder within a series of compositionally identical metal–organic frameworks, possessing different crystalline, disordered, and amorphous structures. We find this approach can provide powerful insight into the kinetics and mechanism of structural collapse that links these materials. Our methodology is also extended to a very different system, namely the melting of a zeolitic imidazolate framework, to demonstrate the potential generality of this approach across many areas of disordered structural chemistry.
Integrated profiling of human pancreatic cancer organoids reveals chromatin accessibility features associated with drug sensitivity
Authors: Shi Xiaohan , Li Yunguang , Yuan Qiuyue , Tang Shijie , Guo Shiwei , Zhang Yehan , He Juan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Han Ming , Liu Zhuang , Zhu Yiqin , Gao Suizhi , Wang Huan , Xu Xiongfei , Zheng Kailian , Jing Wei , Chen Luonan , Wang Yong , Jin Gang , Gao Dong
Published: April 2022

Chromatin accessibility plays an essential role in controlling cellular identity and the therapeutic response of human cancers. However, the chromatin accessibility landscape and gene regulatory network of pancreatic cancer are largely uncharacterized. Here, we integrate the chromatin accessibility profiles of 84 pancreatic cancer organoid lines with whole-genome sequencing data, transcriptomic sequencing data and the results of drug sensitivity analysis of 283 epigenetic-related chemicals and 5 chemotherapeutic drugs. We identify distinct transcription factors that distinguish molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer, predict numerous chromatin accessibility peaks associated with gene regulatory networks, discover regulatory noncoding mutations with potential as cancer drivers, and reveal the chromatin accessibility signatures associated with drug sensitivity. These results not only provide the chromatin accessibility atlas of pancreatic cancer but also suggest a systematic approach to comprehensively understand the gene regulatory network of pancreatic cancer in order to advance diagnosis and potential personalized medicine applications.
Digitally-embroidered liquid metal electronic textiles for wearable wireless systems
Authors: Lin Rongzhou , Kim Han-Joon , Achavananthadith Sippanat , Xiong Ze , Lee Jason K. W. , Kong Yong Lin , Ho John S.
Published: April 2022

Electronic textiles capable of sensing, powering, and communication can be used to non-intrusively monitor human health during daily life. However, achieving these functionalities with clothing is challenging because of limitations in the electronic performance, flexibility and robustness of the underlying materials, which must endure repeated mechanical, thermal and chemical stresses during daily use. Here, we demonstrate electronic textile systems with functionalities in near-field powering and communication created by digital embroidery of liquid metal fibers. Owing to the unique electrical and mechanical properties of the liquid metal fibers, these electronic textiles can conform to body surfaces and establish robust wireless connectivity with nearby wearable or implantable devices, even during strenuous exercise. By transferring optimized electromagnetic patterns onto clothing in this way, we demonstrate a washable electronic shirt that can be wirelessly powered by a smartphone and continuously monitor axillary temperature without interfering with daily activities.
Cooperative catalysis by a single-atom enzyme-metal complex
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Cao Yufei , Luo Kai , Zhang Lin , Bai Yunxiu , Xiong Jiarong , Zare Richard N. , Ge Jun
Published: April 2022

Anchoring single metal atoms on enzymes has great potential to generate hybrid catalysts with high activity and selectivity for reactions that cannot be driven by traditional metal catalysts. Herein, we develop a photochemical method to construct a stable single-atom enzyme-metal complex by binding single metal atoms to the carbon radicals generated on an enzyme-polymer conjugate. The metal mass loading of Pd-anchored enzyme is up to 4.0% while maintaining the atomic dispersion of Pd. The cooperative catalysis between lipase-active site and single Pd atom accelerates alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reaction between 1-bromohexane andB-n-hexyl-9-BBN with high efficiency (TOF is 540 h−1), exceeding that of the traditional catalyst Pd(OAc)2by a factor of 300 under ambient conditions.