bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary modelling of radionuclide migration in the argillaceous sediments of the Sumer Formation (Northwestern Bulgaria)
Authors: Antonov Dimitar , Tsvetkova Madlena , Karastanev Doncho
Published: March 2021

In Bulgaria, from the preliminary analyses performed for site selection of deep geological disposal of high-level waste (HLW) and spent fuel (SF), it was concluded that the most promising host rocks are the argillaceous sediments of the Sumer Formation (Lower Cretaceous), situated in the Western Fore-Balkan Mts. The present paper aims to compare the transport of three major radionuclides from a hypothetical radioactive waste disposal facility, which incorporates an engineering barrier of bentonite into the argillaceous (marl) medium. The simulations were performed by using HYDRUS-1D computer programme. The results are used for a preliminary estimation of argillaceous sediments as a host rock for geological disposal of HLW.
Fossil holothurian ossicles from the lower Toarcian of the Balkan Mts, Bulgaria
Authors: Metodiev Lubomir , Petrova Silviya , Koleva-Rekalova Elena , Granchovski Georgi
Published: March 2021

Fossil holothurian ossicles from three localities of the lower Toarcian in the Balkan Mts (Bulgaria), assigned to the family Chiridotidae and the parafamilies Theeliidae, Priscopedatidae and Calclamnidae, were studied. Two types of ossicles and four morphogenera were described: 1) wheels, among which Palaeotrochodota (abundant) and Theelia (single specimens); and 2) perforated ossicles, including Priscopedatus and Cucumarites (both in single specimens). These fossils are well known in Europe but have not been recorded in Toarcian rocks from Bulgaria to date. The studied fauna remains of undetermined palaeoenvironmental significance, although the high morphological variability and abundance of Palaeotrochodota seem potentially informative.
Fossil gastropods Campanile lachesis Bayan, 1870 from the upper Eocene of the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria)
Authors: Kirilova Lidiya , Ivanov Ivan
Published: March 2021

The subject of this study is the description of eight specimens of fossil gastropods Campanile lachesis Bayan, 1870, family Campanilidae, from the fund of the Regional Museum of History in Kardzhali. They were found in the area of the village of Gorna Krepost, Kardzhali Municipality, at the eastern foot of the Archeological Complex Perperikon, in the upper Eocene (Priabonian) limestone layers of the so-called Beli Plast Rhyodacite Complex. The paleoecological traits of the present fauna give ground to infer that this was a very shallow reefal environment with a rocky substrate sandy bottom, overgrown with algae, and the water was warm, with normal salinity.
Lockdown farmers markets in Bengaluru: Direct marketing activities and potentials for rural-urban linkages in the food system
Authors: Yousefian Neda , Soubadra Devy M. , Geetha K. , Dittrich Christoph
Published: March 2021

Rural-urban linkages are vital elements in a sustain­able food system. As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded, supply chains were disrupted and fear of infection impacted food shopping decisions, push­ing consumers to seek local and safer options for procuring fresh produce. Direct marketing arose as a promising alternative for both consumers and producers. We undertook a study in Bengaluru, India, in order to understand what direct marketing activities have unfolded with the COVID-19 pan­demic. Media reports highlighted the plight of farmers struggling to market their harvest during lockdown as well as the farm to fork initiatives and lockdown farmers markets that have been created as a response. We see this moment as an opportu­nity to develop Bengaluru’s food system to be more sustainable, specifically through the City Region Food System framework. This study conducted online and telephone surveys with both consumers and producers in Bengaluru to explore the elements of supply and demand that have fos­tered and hindered direct marketing schemes. We found that consumers are interested in sourcing fruits and vegetables directly from farmers, but communi­cation and logistics between consumers and pro­ducers are major hindrances. Although producers are diversifying their marketing strate­gies, they need to be implemented at economically viable scales to ensure long-term success. We find that the role of technology, specifically messaging apps, can streamline direct marketing activities and remove the barriers that currently hamper rural-urban linkages. Further­more, existing community and farmer organiza­tions have the size and scale to make direct marketing schemes a worthy endeavor for both consumers and producers.
La dimissione protetta del bambino clinicamente complesso
Authors: Lugli Licia , Garetti Elisabetta , Rossi Katia , Torcetta Francesco , Cuomo Giovanna , Lucaccioni Laura , Pugliese Marisa , Bertoncelli Natascia , Rossi Cecilia , Riva Marika , Iughetti Lorenzo , Ferrari Fabrizio , Berardi Alberto
Published: March 2021

Background - In the last few years care for children with severe chronic conditions is a topic of increasing interest. Children with chronic illness often require a high complexity of care and a high level of coordination among health services. Objective - The primary aim of this study is the assessment of children with chronic disease and high complexity of care (children with medical complexity), discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Modena University-Hospital. The secondary aim is to assess the outcome of these patients. Methods - Patients with chronic diseases and high complexity of care (children with medical complexity), aged 0-6 months, and admitted to the NICU of Modena in the years 2009-2019 were recruited. Results - 59 subjects were included, of which 15 (25.4%) were born preterm, 11 (18.6%) suffered from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, 33 (56%) had genetic diseases or malformations. All patients were discharged home, except for one patient who was discharged to hospice. The average hospital length of stay was 116.0 ± 63.4 days. Follow-up visits showed that 25 cases (42.4%) remained unchanged, 18 (30.5%) improved and 16 (27.1%) died. Conclusion - This study allows an assessment of patients with early diagnosis of chronic disease with high complexity of care, showing that some of these patients could be eligible for palliative care. The management of children with medical complexity requires diagnostic-therapeutic programmes that focus on them and their families and connect hospital and territorial health services.
The Magic of Project Resolution in a Short Period of Time: Design Sprint Applied in Higher Education
Authors: Sanglier Gastón , Cepa Carmen B. Martínez , Fernández Inés Serrano , González Aurora Hernández , Escobar Juan Carlos Zuíl
Published: March 2021

The research conducted in this study was applied to multidisciplinary groups of Higher Education belonging to different degrees using the methodology proposed by the Design Sprint (DS) tool for the achievement of different challenges/objectives in a very short time. The methodology used is an adaptation of the one proposed by the DS, carried out in five non-consecutive stages/sessions focused on students of the first two years of different degrees of the CEU San Pablo University. The students, in general, have valued very positively the collaborative work in small groups, the time management and the administration of work under stress. The abandonment of the different challenges was set at 32%. A high level of commitment has been appreciated among the students to reach the proposed challenges, however, the work of the mentors as guides, becomes essential in the first courses of the different degrees in a general way. The application of the SD methodology provides students with an increase in their performance, in their ability to work in teams and to adapt in the best possible way to the demands of a society that is increasingly demanding new technologies. Students have increased their ability to reflect, transform and innovate in the different objectives/challenges/projects demanded by the new circumstances and social strategies. The support of good mentors, critics and specialists in the different areas to be addressed is necessary to offer students a better learning experience.
Sozialarbeiter vor Gericht?
Authors: Döring Linn Katharina
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag diskutiert die Entwicklung, Hintergründe und Konsequenzen einer strafrechtlich und außerstrafrechtlich ausgeübten sozialen Kontrolle von Mitarbeitern der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe bei deren (angeblichen) Versäumnissen in tödlich verlaufenden Kinderschutzfällen in Deutschland und England.
Finanzhilfepflicht der Länder gegenüber privaten Ersatzschulen in der Corona-Krise
Authors: Brosius-Gersdorf Frauke
Published: March 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie hat dazu geführt, dass die allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Schulen in Deutschland teils geschlossen wurden, Präsenzunterricht erheblich eingeschränkt stattfand oder Digitalunterricht gemacht wurde. Bei privaten Schulen sind infolgedessen Schulgeld und weitere Einnahmen weggebrochen. Gleichzeitig sind ihre Kosten unverändert geblieben oder wegen der Umstellung auf digitalen Unterricht sowie notwendiger Abstands- und Hygienemaßnahmen gestiegen. Diese Mindereinnahmen und Zusatzkosten müssen die Länder durch Finanzhilfe kompensieren.
Anaphylactic Reactions in Radiology Procedures
Authors: Kwamboka Onyambu Callen , Anyona Aywak Angeline , Kemunto Osiemo Sarah , Musila Mutala Timothy
Published: March 2021

Reactions to contrast agents are uncommon but range from mild urticaria to life threatening anaphylactic reactions. Majority of these reactions occur due to intravenous administration of iodinated contrast media. Acute reactions to MRI gadolinium-based contrast are much less common but they do occur and thus have to be managed. Usual presentations include urticaria, nausea, vomiting, angioedema, bronchospasm, laryngospasm and systemic hypotension. Majority of these reactions occur within the first twenty minutes after administration of contrast. Therefore, their recognition and prompt treatment are critical for good patient outcome. Attendant to this the radiology department must be adequately prepared to handle these emergencies as and when they do occur. This means an up to date emergency tray must be checked regularly before the start of the procedure, ensure there is epinephrine, antihistamines, beta-2-agonists metered dose inhalers, IV fluids, and ready supply of oxygen. Close collaboration of radiology staff with the hospital emergency response team is critical since severe reactions will need the intervention of this team.
Detection and Quantification of Myocardial Fibrosis Using Stain-Free Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Zimmermann Eric , Mukherjee Sudipta S. , Falahkheirkhah Kianoush , Gryka Mark C. , Kajdacsy-Balla Andre , Hasan Wohaib , Giraud George , Tibayan Fred , Raman Jai , Bhargava Rohit
Published: March 2021

Context.—

Myocardial fibrosis underpins a number of cardiovascular conditions and is difficult to identify with standard histologic techniques. Challenges include imaging, defining an objective threshold for classifying fibrosis as mild or severe, and understanding the molecular basis for these changes.

Objective.—

To develop a novel, rapid, label-free approach to accurately measure and quantify the extent of fibrosis in cardiac tissue using infrared spectroscopic imaging.

Design.—

We performed infrared spectroscopic imaging and combined that with advanced machine learning–based algorithms to assess fibrosis in 15 samples from patients belonging to the following 3 classes: (1) patients with nonpathologic (control) donor hearts, (2) patients undergoing transplant, and (3) patients undergoing implantation of a ventricular assist device.

Results.—

Our results show excellent sensitivity and accuracy for detecting myocardial fibrosis, as demonstrated by a high area under the curve of 0.998 in the receiver operating characteristic curve measured from infrared imaging. Fibrosis of various morphologic subtypes were demonstrated with virtually generated picrosirius red images, which showed good visual and quantitative agreement (correlation coefficient = 0.92, ρ = 7.76 × 10−15) with stained images of the same sections. Underlying molecular composition of the different subtypes was investigated with infrared spectra showing reproducible differences presumably arising from differences in collagen subtypes and/or crosslinking.

Conclusions.—

Infrared imaging can be a powerful tool in studying myocardial fibrosis and gleaning insights into the underlying chemical changes that accompany it. Emerging methods suggest that the proposed approach is compatible with conventional optical microscopy, and its consistency makes it translatable to the clinical setting for real-time diagnoses as well as for objective and quantitative research.
Valores educativos, ideario constitucional y derecho de los padres: la cuestión del «pin o censura parental»
Authors: Contreras Mazarío José María
Published: March 2021

Hablar del llamado «pin parental» es abordar una de las cuestiones de mayor actualidad en España, como lo demuestra que el Ministerio de Educación haya presentado una demanda ante el Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Murcia contra la Instrucción por la que se establece. En la presente cuestión confluyen no sólo las dos visiones que sobre educación y enseñanza se han dado a lo largo de nuestra historia, tanto presente como remota (lo que ya haría relevante la cuestión), y para su justificación se han utilizado dos argumentos, a saber: el derecho de los padres a elegir la formación moral y religiosa de sus hijos, recogida en el apartado 3, del artículo 27, de la CE, el primero, y la propia libertad, el segundo. Pues bien, en el presente trabajo se va a analizar si los mismos resultan o no suficientes, así como buscar un equilibrio entre los derechos de los padres y el contenido de los curricula educativos.
Los derechos humanos en estados excepcionales y el concepto de suspensión de derechos fundamentales
Authors: Escobar Roca Guillermo
Published: March 2021

El trabajo aplica a un caso concreto el principio de interpretación de los derechos fundamentales de conformidad con el Derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Tras pasar revista, por orden cronológico, a los tratados internacionales más importantes a nivel universal, europeo e interamericano, así como a la doctrina que los interpreta (con especial mención a la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos), se concluye que «suspensión de derechos» es un concepto superfluo para una teoría material de los derechos fundamentales y que su utilidad se limita a reforzar sus garantías. Todos los conceptos de derechos fundamentales están relacionados; por ello, se realizan al margen algunas consideraciones sobre el contenido esencial y sobre la restricción de derechos.
Estado de alarma y protección de la privacidad en tiempos de pandemia: licitud del tratamiento de categorías especiales de datos
Authors: Rodríguez Ayuso Juan Francisco
Published: March 2021

El presente estudio ofrece una investigación sistemática, exhaustiva y actualizada de la declaración del Estado de alarma y el tratamiento de datos personales relativos a la salud de los ciudadanos afectados y/o potencialmente afectados por la situación excepcional derivada del COVID-19. En concreto, analiza la distinción del estado de alarma con los estados de excepción y sitio y la posible afectación del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos personales en situaciones excepcionales de crisis sanitarias y los efectos que dicha declaración puede tener en la normativa aplicable, emanada, a nivel comunitario, por el Reglamento general de protección de datos o RGPD y, a nivel nacional, como complemento y desarrollo del mismo, en la Ley Orgánica de Protección de Datos Personales y de Garantía de los Derechos Digitales o LOPDGDD. Seguidamente, y tomando en consideración toda la normativa, general y sectorial, relativa a la materia de protección de datos y de sanidad, se procede al análisis de las bases legitimadoras procedentes y de las excepciones que, aplicables a situaciones de emergencia sanitaria como la actual, habilitan el tratamiento atendiendo a la naturaleza de quien intervenga como responsable, haciendo especial énfasis en el interés público perseguido por las Administraciones Públicas y en el interés vital del propio interesado.
Iron-Rich Foods Intakes among Urban Senegalese Adolescent Girls
Authors: Ndiaye Aminata Ndene , Galibois Isabelle , Blaney Sonia
Published: March 2021

Intake of iron-rich foods was investigated in Senegalese adolescent girls. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 136 girls aged 13 to 18, attending two colleges in Dakar. Data on the consumption of iron-rich foods over the previous week were collected through a food frequency questionnaire. Results show that 12% of the girls had consumed dishes made with iron-rich foods 3 times or less in the past seven days, 34%, 4 to 6 times, and 54%, 7 times and above. However, 83% of the girls had anntake of iron-rich foods below the 84 g per day recommended for animal protein sources by the EAT-Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems. The diet of Senegalese adolescent girls seems conducive to iron deficiency. To define effective interventions to improve the situation, investigating underlying factors to the low consumption of iron-rich foods is warranted.
Regards sur l’évolution de la RHAF depuis 19821
Authors: Goyette Julien , Bienvenue Louise , Devaux Nicolas
Published: March 2021

Véhicule scientifique de premier plan, la Revue d’histoire de l’Amérique française constitue un indicateur privilégié de l’évolution de la discipline historique. Prolongeant les bilans antérieurs d’Harvey/Linteau (1972) et de Coupal (1983), cet article analyse la production de la Revue de 1982 à 2018. L’examen des 501 articles publiés et des 423 auteur.e.s révèle une transition tranquille entre l’histoire sociale et l’histoire culturelle ainsi qu’une présence accrue des femmes parmi les collaborateur.trice.s. Le Québec contemporain demeure sans conteste le terrain privilégié d’investigation des chercheur.e.s. Enfin, la place ténue accordée à l’histoire des Autochtones représente assurément le résultat le plus interpellant de cette étude.
Plus ça change... Continuités et discontinuités dans la représentation de l’histoire autochtone dans les manuels scolaires québécois, des années 1980 à nos jours
Authors: Bories-Sawala Helga Elisabeth
Published: March 2021

La présente contribution propose un regard sur l’évolution de la représentation de l’histoire autochtone dans les différents programmes d’histoire nationale au Québec et dans les manuels scolaires depuis les années 1980 jusqu’à nos jours. Deux périodes servent d’exemples. Quel est le poids du culturalisme et de l’eurocentrisme dans la perception des sociétés précolombiennes ? Comment les manuels tiennent-ils compte de l’exigence de parler des pensionnats autochtones au Canada et au Québec, à la suite des conclusions de la Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada (CVR) ? Quelles sont les marges de liberté à propos de l’agentivité autochtone et l’équilibre entre empathie et pensée historique ?
Pour une histoire environnementale « connectée » de la Nouvelle-France1
Authors: Furst Benjamin
Published: March 2021

Alors que l’histoire environnementale est en plein essor, son application à l’espace-temps de la Nouvelle-France reste rare en dépit de travaux susceptibles de nourrir ce champ. Cet article dresse le bilan des travaux déjà produits sur la période, insérés dans des études diachroniques plus larges ou portant plus précisément sur l’Amérique française et les espaces qui la composent, et dont le récit concerne souvent la confrontation entre les Européens et l’environnement américain et les modalités d’adaptations qui en résultent. Ce récit pourrait être précisé et nuancé en connectant la Nouvelle-France à d’autres espaces : américains, atlantiques ou français. Surtout, une approche environnementale de l’espace français en Amérique permettrait de redéfinir un certain nombre de cadres méthodologiques, spatiaux et chronologiques de l’historiographie coloniale.
Écrire l’histoire de l’indépendantisme québécois1
Authors: Carlos Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2021

Cet article propose de jeter un premier regard synthétique sur les tendances historiographiques et interprétatives qu’ont mises de l’avant les praticiens ayant oeuvré à l’historicisation du mouvement indépendantiste contemporain, de la fin des années 1960 aux premières décennies des années 2000. L’auteur met en lumière la manière dont les spécialistes ont interprété le déploiement de l’idée indépendantiste dans le contexte de la modernisation culturelle et socioéconomique de la société québécoise, mais aussi les approches méthodologiques privilégiées ayant servi à étudier les principaux regroupements indépendantistes du cycle politique 1945-1995.
Débats. Un sous-champ historique sur la défensive : une réflexion sur la pertinence de l’histoire intellectuelle dans l’historiographie québécoise
Authors: Raymond-Dufour Maxime
Published: March 2021

Cet article livre une réflexion sur la pertinence de l’histoire intellectuelle. Attaqués par certains défenseurs d’une histoire sociale de bas en haut, les historiens de l’intellectuel cherchent souvent à se justifier de leur sujet en exagérant les travers de leur sous-champ et en essayant de s’en distancier. Pourtant, la pratique montre que l’histoire intellectuelle est un champ ouvert, aux portées méthodologiques et théoriques larges, qui ne souffre pas d’une définition réductrice. L’histoire intellectuelle peut aisément se présenter comme complémentaire à une histoire des classes sociales, qui ne peut vraiment cacher sa dépendance aux abstractions, aux idées et aux idéologies. En réponse à une historiographie québécoise qui a considéré certaines catégories d’intellectuels suspectes, cet article propose plutôt de les étudier comme partie prenante à la société, notamment en portant un autre regard sur la formation et la culture offertes par les collèges classiques.
Nuclear Choices for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Wolfson Richard , Dalnoki-Veress Ferenc
Published: March 2021

An authoritative and unbiased guide to nuclear technology and the controversies that surround it.

Are you for nuclear power or against it? What's the basis of your opinion? Did you know a CT scan gives you some 2 millisieverts of radiation? Do you know how much a millisievert is? Does irradiation make foods safer or less safe? What is the point of a bilateral Russia–US nuclear weapons treaty in a multipolar world? These are nuclear questions that call for nuclear choices, and this book equips citizens to make these choices informed ones. It explains, clearly and accessibly, the basics of nuclear technology and describes the controversies surrounding its use.

The book begins with scientific issues, covering the nature of the atom and its nucleus, nuclear radiation, and nuclear energy. It discusses nuclear power, the operation of nuclear power plants, nuclear accidents, nuclear waste, and alternatives to nuclear energy and considers nuclear weapons: strategies for use and non-use, controlling the spread of these weapons to other countries and terrorist groups, and the prevention of nuclear war. Nuclear Choices for the Twenty-First Century offers readers an authoritative and unbiased guide to difficult questions.
Social groups buffer maternal loss in mountain gorillas
Authors: Morrison Robin E , Eckardt Winnie , Colchero Fernando , Vecellio Veronica , Stoinski Tara S
Published: March 2021

Mothers are crucial for mammals’ survival before nutritional independence, but many social mammals reside with their mothers long after. In these species the social adversity caused by maternal loss later in life can dramatically reduce fitness. However, in some human populations these negative consequences can be overcome by care from other group members. We investigated the consequences of maternal loss in mountain gorillas and found no discernible fitness costs to maternal loss through survival, age at first birth, or survival of first offspring through infancy. Social network analysis revealed that relationships with other group members, particularly dominant males and those close in age, strengthened following maternal loss. In contrast to most social mammals, where maternal loss causes considerable social adversity, in mountain gorillas, as in certain human populations, this may be buffered by relationships within cohesive social groups, breaking the link between maternal loss, increased social adversity, and decreased fitness.
Detección de errores de medicación mediante un programa de seguimiento y minimización en pacientes ambulatorios de Colombia, 2018-2019
Authors: Machado-Duque Manuel Enrique , Machado-Alba Jorge Enrique , Gaviria-Mendoza Andrés , Valladales-Restrepo Luis Fernando , Parrado-Fajardo Ilsa Yadira , Ospina-Castellanos Mauren , Rojas-Chavarro Luisa Fernanda , López-Rincón John Alexander
Published: March 2021

Introducción. El uso de medicamentos puede conllevar errores de medicación que desemboquen en la hospitalización del paciente, el aumento de los costos relacionados con la atención e, incluso, la muerte.Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de errores de medicación notificados en un sistema de información de farmacovigilancia en Colombia entre el 2018 y el 2019.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional a partir del registro de errores de medicación de un sistema de farmacovigilancia que cubre a 8,5 millones de pacientes ambulatorios afiliados al sistema de salud de Colombia. Los errores se categorizaron en ocho grupos de la A (situaciones potenciales de error) hasta la I (error que pudo llevar a la muerte). Se hizo el análisis descriptivo y se estableció la prevalencia de los errores de medicación. Resultados. Durante los años 2018 y 2019, se reportaron 29.538 errores de medicación en pacientes ambulatorios, con una prevalencia general de 1,93 por cada 10.000 medicamentos dispensados. En el 0,02 % (n=6) de los casos, se presentaron errores que llegaron a afectar a los pacientes y causaron daño (tipos E, F e I). La mayoría de los errores se asoció con la dispensación (n=20.636; 69,9 %) y la posible causa más común fue la falta de concentración en el momento de dispensar los medicamentos (n=9.185; 31,1 %). Los grupos farmacológicos más implicados en errores de medicación fueron los antidiabéticos (8,0 %), los inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina (7,6 %) y los analgésicos (6,0 %).Conclusiones. Los errores de medicación son relativamente poco frecuentes y con mayor frecuencia se catalogan como circunstancias o eventos capaces de generar un error de tipo A. Muy pocas veces, pueden causarle daño al paciente, incluso, hasta la muerte.
Two predicted models based on ceRNAs and immune cells in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Zheng Peiyan , Wang Yuan , Sun Baoqing
Published: March 2021

Background

It is well accepted that both competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and immune microenvironment exert crucial roles in the tumor prognosis. The present study aimed to find prognostic ceRNAs and immune cells in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Materials and Methods

More specifically, we explored the associations of crucial ceRNAs with the immune microenvironment. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was employed to obtain expression profiles of ceRNAs and clinical data. CIBERSORT was utilized to quantify the proportion of 22 immune cells in LUAD.

Results

We constructed two cox regression models based on crucial ceRNAs and immune cells to predict prognosis in LUAD. Subsequently, seven ceRNAs and seven immune cells were involved in prognostic models. We validated both predicted models via an independent cohort GSE72094. Interestingly, both predicted models proved that the longer patients were smoking, the higher risk scores would be obtained. We further investigated the relationships between seven genes and immune/stromal scores via the ESTIMATE algorithm. The results indicated that CDC14A and H1F0 expression were significantly related to stromal scores/immune scores in LUAD. Moreover, based on the result of the ceRNA model, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) suggested that differences in immune status were evident between high- and low-risk groups.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbreds Based on Morphological Traits
Authors: Shankar M. , Shahi Jai Prakash , Singh Rajesh , Singamsetti Ashok , Devesh Pavan , Singh Pargat
Published: March 2021

The screening of forty eight maize in breds from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center was carried out to estimate the genetic diversity and the results indicated presence of considerable diversity. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication and phenotypic data were analyzed using twenty one agro-morphological traits. The forty eight maize in breds grouped into eleven clusters based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic. Among them cluster I accommodated maximum number of inbred lines (15) followed by cluster III and V (9). Existence of six solitary clusters showed larger genetic diversity. The character chlorophyll content showed highest contribution towards genetic divergence followed by anthesis to silking interval, cob girth, cob weight, hundred grain weight, number of kernels per row, days 75 per cent brown husk, plant height at 90 DAS, cob length and number of kernel rows per cob. Based upon the divergence studies suggesting crossing may be made between genotypes of cluster VIII (CAL1428) and cluster X (ZL154357, CAL1467, ZL153785, CAL1422, and ZL154346) and the hybrid in these cluster could be used as donor parents for new single cross maize hybrid development for improving yield.
Pharmacognostic Properties of Quisqualis indica Linn: Against Human Pathogenic Microorganisms: An Insight Review
Authors: Barik Braja Sundar , Das Shritam , Hussain Tahziba
Published: March 2021

India has a large repository of medicinal plants that are used in traditional medical treatments. Several medicinal plants are useful for treating common ailments and some of the plants include Amla (Emblica cinalis), Ashoka (Saraca asoca), Aswagandha (Withania somnifera), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Sarpa Gandha (Rauwolfia serpentina), Sandalwood (Santalum album), Indian birthwort (Aristolochia indica L.), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Neem (Azardirchata indica), Vringraj (Eclipta alba), Grhit kumara (Aloe vera), Harida (Terminalia chebula) and Madhumalati (Quisqualis indica), Catnip (Nepeta cataria), Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Sage (Salvia officinalis); etc. Quisquails indica commonly known as the Madhu Malati, is a vine with red flower clusters and is found in abundance in India. It shows a wide range of remarkable medicinal properties. Over the last two decades, large scale research has been conducted to identify bio-active constituents of Quisqualis indica therapeutic prospects. This review summarizes the pharmacognostic properties of Quisqualis indica Linn. Against human pathogenic microorganisms. Several authors have reviewed the medicinal properties of Quisqualis indica Linn.but our review summarizes the anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-helminthic, anti-diarrheal, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-microbial, anti-fungal and immuno-modulatory properties. It would be useful to students, academicians, microbiologists, as it reduces the need for detailed searching. It serves the purpose of quick reference.
Soil Microbes are Shaped by Soil Physico-chemical Properties: A Brief Review of Existing Literature
Authors: Dasgupta Debarshi , Brahmaprakash G. P.
Published: March 2021

Soil consists of very complex, inter-related community of microorganisms which interact with one another and with plants and animals, forming a complex web of biological activity. The microbes determine health and potential of soil to perform a multitude of ecosystem processes, which depend on the community composition and functioning. The microbial community structure and functions in soil are influenced by physico-chemical properties of soils. Abiotic controls like surrounding climate, environment, land use, nutrients, pH and rhizosphere control the composition of microbes in soil, which in turn modify soil properties. In this review, we investigate the existing body of research exploring studies which have explored how microbes are shaped by soil properties.
Pest Risk Analysis and Management Practices for Increasing Profitability of Lemon Production
Authors: Hasan Shahriar , Haque Md. Enamul , Afrad Md. Safiul Islam , Alam M. Zinnatul , Hoque Muhammad Ziaul , Islam Md. Riazul
Published: March 2021

The study aimed at assessing the pest risk and management practices of lemon production and its profitability in Tangail district of Bangladesh. Household survey was conducted by an interview schedule from 120 lemon growers who were selected as sample respondents following a proportionate random sampling technique. Lemon butterfly and dieback disease were identified as important problems in lemon cultivation. Lemon butterfly was found with the highest infestation in Elachi lemon (70.0%) and Kagozi lemon (57.0%). Dieback disease was found with the highest infestation rate of 49.3% in Elachi lemon, 38.0% in Kagozi lemon, and 33.3% in Sakara-2 variety. Almost 82.5 percent of the respondents had medium to high adoption of pest management practices. The adoption of pest management practices was positively related to the profitability of lemon cultivation. However, there is further scope to make pest management practices sustainable by enhancing the adoption of biological, cultural, and mechanical approaches.
The Underlying Causes of Recurrent Pneumonia in Children: A Two-Center Study
Authors: Barakat Amany Nagy , Hussein Mahitab Morsy , Fouda Eman Mahmoud , Zoair Amr Mohamed , El-Razek Ahmed Mohamed Abd
Published: March 2021

Background: Recurrent pneumonia is a challenge for pediatric pulmonologists. There are limited data on the underlying causes of recurrent pneumonia in children in the developing countries.

Aim: To identify the underlying causes of recurrent pneumonia in children with undiagnosed etiology.

Patients and Methods: The study was conducted in Pulmonology Units, Pediatric Departments Tanta and Ain-Shams Universities Hospitals from 2017 to 2019. Fifty-six cases children with a diagnosis of recurrent pneumonia were included to identify the etiologies. The underlying causes were confirmed in each case according to the clinical features and the diagnostic tests.

Results: Uncontrolled bronchial asthma was the commonest cause of recurrent pneumonia (23.2%), followed by congenital heart diseases (12.5%) and aspiration syndromes (12.5%).

Conclusion: Uncontrolled bronchial asthma was the most common underlying cause of recurrent pneumonia in children, so early diagnosis and proper controller therapy may decrease the risk of occurrence of recurrent pneumonia.
Awareness of Glaucoma in Olorunda Local Government Area, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeoti C. O. , Kuteyi E. A. Abioye , Olomola B. V. , Adejumo O.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The commonest type of glaucoma called chronic open angle glaucoma is a silent disease and patients are usually diagnosed late in the disease. Public awareness programs must be actively done to enable a reduction of late detection of the disease and level of awareness must be assessed regularly to appraise the programs. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness of the people following the several annual glaucoma week programs we held in the state.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Osogbo local Government Area (LGA) over six months to assess the awareness of glaucoma following a five-year screening and public health education on glaucoma during the annual World glaucoma week in the state. The interviewer-assisted questionnaire was administered to 279 participants. Obtained data included demography such as age, sex, level of education, occupation, religion, state of origin, knowledge of glaucoma and its treatment, family history of glaucoma and so on.

The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Descriptive statistics was used to analyze demographic data, and cross-tabulations with chi-square were used in comparing variables. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

Results: Two hundred and seventy-nine people were involved in the study. Many, 192 (68.8%) were aware of glaucoma. Thirty-nine participants (14.0%) had a family history of glaucoma and 63 (22.6%) felt the cause of glaucoma is an act of God. Two hundred and one (72.0%) had tertiary education. Tertiary education was found to be a statistically significant factor associated with glaucoma. Thirty-three (84.6%) of the 39 participants that had a positive family history of glaucoma were aware of glaucoma blindness. Out of participants that claimed to know how to treat glaucoma, eight (5.3%) felt it should be conservatively managed and nothing should be used.

Conclusion: The World glaucoma week has yielded results but more efforts must be put in place to increase awareness and knowledge of the populace on the nature of glaucoma. Tertiary education is an important factor in glaucoma awareness. The government must ensure everyone is educated up to tertiary level. Glaucoma patients and their acquaintances may be used in increasing awareness.
Eggerthellaceae
Authors: Gupta Radhey S.
Published: March 2021

Eg.ger.thel.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.Eggerthellatype genus of the family; suff. ‐aceaeending to denote a family;EggerthellaceaetheEggerthellafamily.

Actinobacteria / Coriobacteriia / Eggerthellales / Eggerthellaceae

The family contains the type genusEggerthellaand the following validly published genera:Adlercreutzia, Cryptobacterium, Denitrobacterium, Ellagibacter, Enteroscipio, Gordonibacter,Paraeggerthella, Parvibacter, Rubneribacter,Senegalimassilia, andSlackia. Of these genera, the genusParvibacter,containing the speciesParvibacter caecicola, was recently merged with the genusAdlercreutzia. However, evidence presented indicates thatP. caecicola, which remains a validly published name, is distinct from otherAdlercreutziaspecies and hence is retained within the genusParvibacter. Besides the genera with validly published names, the following effectively published genera “Arabia,” “Hugonella,” “Phoenicibacter,” and “Raoultibacter” are also part of this family. The members are Gram‐positive rods or cocci and asaccharolytic except some species. Most members contain enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing amino acids such as arginine and leucine, and their growth is stimulated in the presence of arginine and some other amino acids. Most members are anaerobic, nonmotile, and do not form spores. The G + C content is in the range of 43.4–66.3% for the known species. The species of this family form a distinct clade in phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and sequences for different datasets of proteins from genomes. Additionally, the members of the familyEggerthellaceae(orderEggerthellales) can be reliably distinguished from members of the orderCoriobacterialesand other bacteria based on molecular signatures consisting of conserved indels (inserts or deletions) identified in >12 proteins described in earlier work and updated here.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 43.4–66.3 (for the known species).

Type genus:EggerthellaWade et al. 1999VPemend. Würdemann et al. 2009.
Single MEMS Chip Enabling Dual Spectral‐Range Infrared Micro‐Spectrometer with Optimal Detectors
Authors: Salem Abdelrahman M. , Sabry Yasser M. , Fathy Alaa , Khalil Diaa A.
Published: March 2021

Portable spectrometers enable rapid and low‐cost material analysis in a ubiquitous manner by measuring their molecular absorption spectrum. To measure a wide variety of materials, it is essential to have a broad spectral range of operation with acceptable sensitivity. Recently, the miniaturization of Fourier transform infrared spectrometers has been realized using the micro‐electro‐mechanical systems technology. In this work, two identical Michelson interferometers are monolithically integrated on a silicon chip, in a parallel architecture, and their mirrors are driven by a single comb‐drive actuator. The interferometers are fed by a broadband white light and their outputs are coupled to different photodetectors optimally selected for different spectral ranges. This enables an extended wavelength range of operation covering the near‐infrared from 1.4 to 2.6 µm and the mid‐infrared from 2.6 to 4.6 µm, simultaneously. Experimental results are obtained by using multimode optical fibers for light coupling between the components. The signal‐to‐noise ratio is measured and compared to theoretical expectations, showing good agreement. The spectral range of operation of the realized spectrometer is 1.4–4.6 µm (7142–2173 cm‐1) with a spectral resolution of 31.5 cm‐1. Finally, the spectrometer is used to acquire the transmission spectrum of polystyrene thin film and TS5 reference material.
Effect of age and frailty on the efficacy and tolerability of once‐weekly selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in previously treated multiple myeloma
Authors: Auner Holger W. , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Delimpasi Sosana , Simonova Maryana , Spicka Ivan , Pour Ludek , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Kriachok Iryna , Pylypenko Halyna , Leleu Xavier , Doronin Vadim , Usenko Ganna , Hajek Roman , Benjamin Reuben , Dolai Tuphan Kanti , Sinha Dinesh Kumar , Venner Christopher P. , Garg Mamta , Stevens Don Ambrose , Quach Hang , Jagannath Sundar , Moreau Phillipe , Levy Moshe , Badros Ashraf , Anderson Larry D. , Bahlis Nizar J. , Facon Thierry , Mateos Maria Victoria , Cavo Michele , Chai Yi , Arazy Melina , Shah Jatin , Shacham Sharon , Kauffman Michael G. , Richardson Paul G. , Grosicki Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Elderly and frail patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are more vulnerable to the toxicity of combination therapies, often resulting in treatment modifications and suboptimal outcomes. The phase 3 BOSTON study showed that once‐weekly selinexor and bortezomib with low‐dose dexamethasone (XVd) improved PFS and ORR compared with standard twice‐weekly bortezomib and moderate‐dose dexamethasone (Vd) in patients with previously treated MM. This is a retrospective subgroup analysis of the multicenter, prospective, randomized BOSTON trial. Post hoc analyses were performed to compare XVd versus Vd safety and efficacy according to age and frailty status (<65 and ≥65 years, nonfrail and frail). Patients ≥65 years with XVd had higher ORR (OR 1.77, p = .024), ≥VGPR (OR, 1.68, p = .027), PFS (HR 0.55, p = .002), and improved OS (HR 0.63, p = .030), compared with Vd. In frail patients, XVd was associated with a trend towards better PFS (HR 0.69, p = .08) and OS (HR 0.62, p = .062). Significant improvements were also observed in patients <65 (ORR and TTNT) and nonfrail patients (PFS, ORR, ≥VGPR, and TTNT). Patients treated with XVd had a lower incidence of grade ≥ 2 peripheral neuropathy in ≥65 year‐old (22% vs. 37%; p = .0060) and frail patients (15% vs. 44%; p = .0002). Grade ≥3 TEAEs were not observed more often in older compared to younger patients, nor in frail compared to nonfrail patients. XVd is safe and effective in patients <65 and ≥65 and in nonfrail and frail patients with previously treated MM.
MYH1 is a candidate gene for recurrent rhabdomyolysis in humans
Authors: Alsaif Hessa S. , Alshehri Ali , Sulaiman Raashda A. , Al‐Hindi Hindi , Guzmán‐Vega Francisco J. , Arold Stefan T. , Alkuraya Fowzan S.
Published: March 2021

Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition characterized by muscle injury, and there are recognized genetic causes especially in recurrent forms. The majority of these cases, however, remain unexplained. Here, we describe a patient with recurrent rhabdomyolysis in whom extensive clinical testing failed to identify a likely etiology. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a novel missense variant in MYH1, which encodes a major adult muscle fiber protein. Structural biology analysis revealed that the mutated residue is extremely well conserved and is located in the actin binding cleft. Furthermore, immediately adjacent mutations in that cleft in other myosins are pathogenic in humans. Our results are consistent with the finding that MYH1 is mutated in rhabdomyolysis in horses and suggest that this gene should be investigated in cases with recurrent rhabdomyolysis.
Organoboron Compounds Towards Asymmetric Pericyclic Reaction; Exploitation to Bioactive Molecule Synthesis
Authors: Kanti Das Kanak , Kumar Parveen , Ghorai Debraj , Mondal Buddhadeb , Panda Santanu
Published: March 2021

Organic frameworks containing boron as one of the units have wide application in organic synthesis. Due to the non‐toxicity and cheap accessibility, the organoboron compounds have gained increased demand towards the organic chemist. Besides, there has been a huge progress in the area of chiral organoboron synthesis, which allows direct access to chiral synthons. Among other methods developed for the asymmetric synthesis of organoboron compounds, pericyclic reaction plays an important role. Cycloaddition reactions using vinyl boronic esters have been extensively reported for the synthesis of cyclic boronic esters. Asymmetric cycloaddition using organoboron compound opens a quick access to various intermediates with multiple chiral centers, which has been utilized for the total synthesis of bioactive molecules. This mini‐review outlines various asymmetric pericyclic reactions developed to date demonstrating its applicability towards bioactive molecule synthesis.
Lipid bound extended release buprenorphine (high and low doses) and sustained release buprenorphine effectively attenuate post‐operative hypersensitivity in an incisional pain model in mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Navarro Kaela , Jampachaisri Katechan , Huss Monika , Pacharinsak Cholawat
Published: March 2021

Background

Extended‐release buprenorphine (XR) is indicated for pain management in rodents, but little is known about its use in mice. This study aimed to investigate whether high dose XR effectively attenuates post‐operative hypersensitivity better than low dose XR in a mouse model of incisional pain.

Methods

Mice (n = 44) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: (a) saline (1 ml/kg SC, once); (b) sustained release buprenorphine (Bup‐SR, 1 mg/kg SC, once); (c) low dose extended‐release buprenorphine (XR‐lo, 3.25 mg/kg SC, once); (d) high dose extended‐release buprenorphine (XR‐hi, 6.5 mg/kg SC, once). On days −1, 0 (4 hours), 1, 2, and 3, mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities were evaluated, and plasma buprenorphine concentrations were measured.

Results

Mechanical (days 0‐2) and thermal (days 0‐1) hypersensitivities were observed in the saline group. Bup‐SR, XR‐lo, and XR‐hi attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity on days 0, 1, and 2. None of the treatment groups, except XR‐Lo on day 0, attenuated thermal hypersensitivity on days 0 or 1. Plasma buprenorphine concentration peaked at 4 hours (day 0) in all treatment groups and remained greater than 1 ng/mL on days 0‐2. No abnormal clinical observations or gross pathologic findings were seen in any groups.

Conclusion

The results indicate XR‐hi did not effectively attenuate post‐operative hypersensitivity better than XR‐lo. Thus both 3.25 and 6.5 mg/kg XR are recommended for attenuating post‐operative hypersensitivity for at least up to 48 hours in mice.