bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemostratigraphy in southern Ontario by pXRF spectrometry
Authors: Knight R , Russell H A J , Bajc F
Published: March 2017

For groundwater studies, the collection of sediment geochemistry is often beyond the scope, and budget of many programs, and is generally not included as part of routine data collection. Portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) has proven to be a
successful tool to characterize the chemostratigraphy of glacial derived materials collected from boreholes in southern Ontario. Portable XRF provides near-total geochemistry results similar to fusion and multi-acid methods for 14 elements with minimal sample preparation and at low cost. An
extensive suite of near surface samples provides characterization of the regional geochemistry. In a collaborative project with the OGS and the GSC two transects are being completed (E-W, N-S) to provide a framework of subsurface geochemistry. To eliminate the effects of variability in sample
grain-size, sample volume, and to minimize nugget effects, samples are dried and sieved to <0.063 mm (silt + clay) prior to analysis. To ensure quality control, a number of Standard Reference Materials (SRM) and Certified Reference Materials (CRM) are analyzed with each project, and
comparisons made with previously published results. For further quality control, a sub-suite of sediment samples are analyzed by ICP-MS/ES using lithium borate fusion, multiacid, and aqua regia digestions.
Bivariate plots comparing pXRF to ICP-MS/ES display a high degree of linearity (r2 > 0.8) for Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Rb, Sr, V, Zn, Zr, and to a lesser degree for Ba, Cu, Cr, Ti, and Pb. These 14 elements return precise and generally accurate results within each borehole; however, continued
analyses of CRM's and SRM's has demonstrated display drift in accuracy between projects. Resulting data for meet the US EPA criteria for quantitative data quality based on r2 values and y=mx+b relationships. Concentration levels play a significant factor in the accuracy of the pXRF data. At low
concentration levels near the detection limit of the pXRF, there can be greater scatter in results. At high concentration levels, data needs to be adjusted using post-data calibration to obtain accurate results.
Downscaling SMOS/SMAP soil moisture product using high resolution Radarsat-2 SAR data: a case study in southern Ontario
Authors: Li J , Wang S
Published: March 2017

Soil moisture is a key component in the water cycle. Continuous observations of soil moisture over large spatial scales are important in many earth sciences applications. Current soil moisture products derived from SMOS and SMAP satellites can provide global
coverage with 2-3 days cycle but have very coarse resolutions (~40 km), which limits the soil moisture products in many applications where a resolution of 1-10 km is generally needed. SAR imagery is available at high resolution and has high sensitivity to soil moisture. However the soil
moisture retrieval from SAR depends on high volume of in-situ soil moisture data and is also complicated by their sensitivity to surface roughness and vegetation. This study proposes an algorithm for retrieving high resolution soil moisture by downscaling SMOS/SMAP soil moisture products using time
series dual-polarized (HH and HV) Radarsat-2 data. The approach can overcome the effect of vegetation, surface roughness, and change of scales. Specifically, the effect of vegetation is removed by the water-cloud model, in which the conditions of vegetation are characterized by the backscatter
coefficient of Radarsat-2 HV polarization. Time series Radarsat-2 data is used to eliminate the dependence of backscattered signal on soil surface roughness. Different mathematical models including wavelet transform are used for scale change. The algorithm is validated using in-situ soil moisture
data collected in Southern Ontario in the spring and summer of 2016. The study shows promising results in soil moisture retrieval over large area.
LAP SHEAR TEST FOR AUTOMOTIVE-TYPE ADHESIVES FOR FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) BONDING
Authors:   Automotive Adhesives and Sealants Committee
Published: March 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a lap shear test method for use in measuring the bonding characteristics of automotive-type adhesives for joining fiber reinforced plastics to themselves and to metals.
JOINT TMC/SAE FUEL CONSUMPTION IN-SERVICE TEST PROCEDURE TYPE III
Authors:   Truck and Bus Aerodynamics and Fuel Economy Committee
Published: March 2017

The test utilizes two medium to heavy duty in-service vehicles operated over interstate type highways. The relative fuel economy of the component, system, or vehicle under test is expressed as a percentage improvement or as a percentage of fuel saved. This factor is calculated using relative fuel consumption while operating with and without the test component, system, or vehicle under evaluation. Accuracy obtained from the use of this test procedure can be ±% when properly executed. This procedure is not intended to replace SAE J1264 OCT86, Joint RCCC/SAE Fuel Consumption Test Procedure or SAE J1321 OCT86, Joint TMC/SAE Fuel Consumption Test Procedure Type II, but will enhance a fleet's or manufacturer's ability to do a wide variety of fuel consumption tests on highway.

The following basic rules must be applied to this procedure to ensure valid test results:

a

A single test is inconclusive. A single test result may be an indicator. Test results must be repeatable to have validity.

b

The more variables controlled, the more conclusive the results.

c

All test procedures are accurate within prescribed limits. If the component, system or vehicle being tested by a given procedure shows a degree of improvement which is equal to or less than the accuracy limit of the procedure, an additional number of tests should be conducted to prove validity.
OPERATOR PRECAUTIONS
Authors:   HFTC6, Operator Accommodation
Published: March 2017

These general operator precautions apply to off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116, JUN85, Categories one, two, four and five and agricultural tractors in Category three. These should not be considered as all inclusive for all specific uses and unique features of each particular machine. Other more specific operator precautions not mentioned herein should be covered by users of this recommended practice for each particular machine application.
Identifying and Repairing High Strength Steel Vehicle Components
Authors:   Materials, Processes and Parts Council
Published: March 2017

The intent of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide guidance to automobile repair shops and personnel in identifying high strength steel where used in vehicle components and in repairing these components when damaged.
Dithiothreitol Activity by Particulate Oxidizers of SOA Produced from Photooxidation of Hydrocarbons under Varied NOx Levels
Authors: Jiang Huanhuan , Jang Myoseon , Yu Zechen
Published: March 2017

Abstract. When hydrocarbons are atmospherically oxidized, they form particulate oxidizers, including quinones, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs). These particulate oxidizers can modify cellular materials (e.g., proteins and enzymes), and adversely modulate cell functions. In this study, the contribution of particulate oxidizers in secondary organic aerosols (SOA) to the oxidative potential was investigated. SOA were generated from the photooxidation of toluene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, isoprene, and α-pinene under varied NOx levels. Oxidative potential was determined from the typical mass-normalized consumption rate (reaction time t = 30 min) of dithiothreitol (DTTt), a surrogate for biological reducing agents. At high NOx conditions, the DTTt of toluene SOA was 2–5 times higher than that of other types of SOA. Isoprene DTTt significantly decreased with increasing NOx (up to 69 % reduction by changing the hydrocarbon / NOx ratio from 30 to 5). The DTTt of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and α-pinene SOA was insensitive to NOx under the experimental conditions of this study. The significance of quinones to the oxidative potential of SOA was tested through the enhancement of DTT consumption in the presence of 2,4-dimethylimidazole, a co-catalyst for the redox cycling of quinones; however, no significant effect of 2,4-dimethylimidazole on modulation of DTT consumption was observed for all SOA, suggesting that a negligible amount of quinones was present in SOA of this study. For toluene and isoprene, mass-normalized DTT consumption (DTTm) was determined over an extended period of reaction time (t = 2 h) to quantify their maximum capacity to consume DTT. The total quantities of PANs and organic hydroperoxides in toluene SOA and isoprene SOA were also measured using the Griess assay and the 4-nitrophenylboronic acid assay, respectively. The amount of organic hydroperoxides was substantial, while PANs were found to be insignificant for both SOA. Isoprene DTTm was almost exclusively attributable to organic hydroperoxides, while toluene DTTm was partially attributable to organic hydroperoxides. The results of the model compound study suggest that electron-deficient alkenes, which are abundant in toluene SOA, could also modulate DTTm.
Investigating differences in DOAS retrieval codes using MAD-CAT campaign data
Authors: Peters Enno , Pinardi Gaia , Seyler André , Richter Andreas , Wittrock Folkard , Bösch Tim , Van Roozendael Michel , Hendrick François , Drosoglou Theano , Bais Alkiviadis F. , Kanaya Yugo , Zhao Xiaoyi , Strong Kimberly , Lampel Johannes , Volkamer Rainer , Koenig Theodore , Ortega Ivan , Puentedura Olga , Navarro-Comas Mónica , Gómez Laura , Yela González Margarita , Piters Ankie , Remmers Julia , Wang Yang , Wagner Thomas , Wang Shanshan , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , García-Nieto David , Cuevas Carlos A. , Benavent Nuria , Querel Richard , Johnston Paul , Postylyakov Oleg , Borovski Alexander , Elokhov Alexander , Bruchkouski Ilya , Liu Haoran , Liu Cheng , Hong Qianqian , Rivera Claudia , Grutter Michel , Stremme Wolfgang , Khokhar M. Fahim , Khayyam Junaid , Burrows John P.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method is a well-known remote sensing technique that is nowadays widely used for measurements of atmospheric trace gases, creating the need for harmonization and characterization efforts. In this study, an intercomparison exercise of DOAS retrieval codes from 17 international groups is presented, focusing on NO2 slant columns. The study is based on data collected by one instrument during the Multi-Axis DOAS Comparison campaign for Aerosols and Trace gases (MAD-CAT) in Mainz, Germany, in summer 2013. As data from the same instrument are used by all groups, the results are free of biases due to instrumental differences, which is in contrast to previous intercomparison exercises.While in general an excellent correlation of NO2 slant columns between groups of  >  99.98 % (noon reference fits) and  >  99.2 % (sequential reference fits) for all elevation angles is found, differences between individual retrievals are as large as 8 % for NO2 slant columns and 100 % for rms residuals in small elevation angles above the horizon.Comprehensive sensitivity studies revealed that absolute slant column differences result predominantly from the choice of the reference spectrum while relative differences originate from the numerical approach for solving the DOAS equation as well as the treatment of the slit function. Furthermore, differences in the implementation of the intensity offset correction were found to produce disagreements for measurements close to sunrise (8–10 % for NO2, 80 % for rms residual). The largest effect of  ≈  8 % difference in NO2 was found to arise from the reference treatment; in particular for fits using a sequential reference. In terms of rms fit residual, the reference treatment has only a minor impact. In contrast, the wavelength calibration as well as the intensity offset correction were found to have the largest impact (up to 80 %) on rms residual while having only a minor impact on retrieved NO2 slant columns.
Plume propagation direction determination with SO2 cameras
Authors: Klein Angelika , Lübcke Peter , Bobrowski Nicole , Kuhn Jonas , Platt Ulrich
Published: March 2017

Abstract. SO2 cameras are becoming an established tool for measuring sulfur dioxide (SO2) fluxes in volcanic plumes with good precision and high temporal resolution. The primary result of SO2 camera measurements are time series of two-dimensional SO2 column density distributions (i.e. SO2 column density images). However, it is frequently overlooked that, in order to determine the correct SO2 fluxes, not only the SO2 column density, but also the distance between the camera and the volcanic plume, has to be precisely known. This is because cameras only measure angular extents of objects while flux measurements require knowledge of the spatial plume extent. The distance to the plume may vary within the image array (i.e. the field of view of the SO2 camera) since the plume propagation direction (i.e. the wind direction) might not be parallel to the image plane of the SO2 camera. If the wind direction and thus the camera–plume distance are not well known, this error propagates into the determined SO2 fluxes and can cause errors exceeding 50 %. This is a source of error which is independent of the frequently quoted (approximate) compensation of apparently higher SO2 column densities and apparently lower plume propagation velocities at non-perpendicular plume observation angles.Here, we propose a new method to estimate the propagation direction of the volcanic plume directly from SO2 camera image time series by analysing apparent flux gradients along the image plane. From the plume propagation direction and the known location of the SO2 source (i.e. volcanic vent) and camera position, the camera–plume distance can be determined. Besides being able to determine the plume propagation direction and thus the wind direction in the plume region directly from SO2 camera images, we additionally found that it is possible to detect changes of the propagation direction at a time resolution of the order of minutes. In addition to theoretical studies we applied our method to SO2 flux measurements at Mt Etna and demonstrate that we obtain considerably more precise (up to a factor of 2 error reduction) SO2 fluxes. We conclude that studies on SO2 flux variability become more reliable by excluding the possible influences of propagation direction variations.
Temporal and spatial decoupling of CO2 and N2O soil emissions in a Mediterranean riparian forest
Authors: Poblador Sílvia , Lupon Anna , Sabaté Santiago , Sabater Francesc
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Riparian zones play a fundamental role in regulating the amount of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) that is exported from catchments. However, C and N removal via soil gaseous pathways can influence local budgets of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and contribute to climate change. Over a year, we quantified soil effluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from a Mediterranean riparian forest in order to understand the role of these ecosystems on catchment GHG emissions. In addition, we evaluated the main soil microbial processes that produce GHG (mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification) and how changes in soil properties can modify the GHG production over time and space. Mediterranean riparian soils emitted large amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere (1.2–10 g C m−2  d−1), but were powerless sources of N2O (0.001–0.2 mg N m−2 d−1) due to low denitrification rates. Both CO2 and N2O emissions showed a marked (but antagonistic) spatial gradient as a result of variations in soil moisture across the riparian zone. Deep groundwater tables fueled large soil CO2 effluxes near the hillslope, while N2O emissions were higher in the wet zones adjacent to the stream channel. However, both CO2 and N2O emissions peaked after spring rewetting events, when optimal conditions of soil moisture, temperature, and N availability favor microbial respiration, nitrification, and denitrification. Overall, our results highlight the role of riparian soils as hotspots of GHG emissions, and suggest that future alterations in hydrologic regimes can affect the microbial processes that produce GHG as well as the contribution of these systems to climate change.
Distribution and drivers of symbiotic and free-living diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the Western Tropical South Pacific
Authors: Stenegren Marcus , Caputo Andrea , Berg Carlo , Bonnet Sophie , Foster Rachel A.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The abundance and distribution of cyanobacterial diazotrophs were quantified in two regions (Melanesian archipelago, MA and subtropical gyre, SG) of the Western Tropical South Pacific using nifH qPCR assays. UCYN-A1 and A2 host populations were quantified using 18S rRNA qPCR assays including one newly developed assay. All phylotypes were detected in the upper photic zone (0–50 m), with higher abundances in the MA region. Trichodesmium and UCYN-B dominated, composing 81–100 % of nifH copies detected. Het-1 was the next most abundant, and co-occurred with het-2 and het-3. The two UCYN-A lineages were least abundant (<1.0–1.5 % of total nifH copies) and poorly detected (> 47 %). Abundance of the UCYN-A hosts mirrored their respective symbionts; UCYN-A1 and A2 however were detected while their respective hosts were below detection, suggesting a lower partner fidelity or free-living life history. Pairwise comparisons of abundance and environmental parameters supported two groups: deep (45 m) comprised of UCYN-A and surface (0–15m) comprised of Trichodesmium, het-1 and het-2, while UCYN-B overlapped. Temperature, salinity, and PAR, were positively correlated with the latter abundances except UCYN-A. Similar results were identified in a meta-analysis of 11 external datasets. Combined, our results indicate that conditions favoring the UCYN-A symbiosis differ from those of diatom diazotroph associations and free-living diazotrophs.
Variation pattern of particulate organic carbon and
nitrogen in oceans and inland waters
Authors: Huang Changchun , Yao Lin , Yang Hao , Lin Chen , Huang Tao , Zhang Mingli , Zhu A-xing , Zhang Yimin
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We examined the relationship between, and variations in, particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) based on previously acquired ocean and inland water data. Some new points were found beside the traditional latitude, depth and temperature dependence of POC, PON and POC/PON. The global average value of POC/PON (7.54±3.82) is higher than the Redfield ratio (6.63). The mean values of POC/PON in south and north hemisphere are 7.40±3.83 and 7.80±3.92, respectively. The high values of POC/PON appeared between 80° N~90° N (12.2±7.5) and 70° N~80° N (9.4±6.4), and relatively low POC/PON were found from 20 °N (6.6±2.8) to 40 °N (6.7±2.7). The latitudinal dependency of POC/PON in the northern hemisphere is much stronger than in the southern hemisphere. Variations of POC/PON in inland water also showed similar latitude-dependency of POC/PON in ocean water, but significantly regulated by lake’s morphology, trophic state and climate, etc. factors. Higher POC and PON could be expected in the coastal water, while POC/PON significantly increased from 6.89±2.38 to 7.59±4.22 in north hemisphere with the increasing rate of 0.0024/km. The coupling relationship between POC and PON in oceans is much stronger than in inland waters. Variations in POC, PON and POC/PON in inland waters should receive more attention due to the importance of these values to global carbon and nitrogen cycles and the indeterminacy of the relationship between POC and PON.
An improved north–south synchronization of ice core records around the 41 kyr 10Be peak
Authors: Raisbeck Grant M. , Cauquoin Alexandre , Jouzel Jean , Landais Amaelle , Petit Jean-Robert , Lipenkov Vladimir Y. , Beer Juerg , Synal Hans-Arno , Oerter Hans , Johnsen Sigfus J. , Steffensen Jorgen P. , Svensson Anders , Yiou Françoise
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Using new high-resolution 10Be measurements in the NGRIP, EDML and Vostok ice cores, together with previously published data from EDC, we present an improved synchronization between Greenland and Antarctic ice cores during the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion  ∼  41 kyr ago. We estimate the precision of this synchronization to be ±20 years, an order of magnitude better than previous work. We discuss the implications of this new synchronization for making improved estimates of the depth difference between ice and enclosed gas of the same age (Δdepth), difference between age of ice and enclosed gas at the same depth (Δage) in the EDC and EDML ice cores, spectral properties of the 10Be profiles and phasing between Dansgaard–Oeschger-10 (in NGRIP) and AIM-10 (in EDML and EDC).
Anthropogenic wetlands due to over-irrigation of desert areas: a challenging hydrogeological investigation with extensive geophysical input from TEM and MRS measurements
Authors: Behroozmand Ahmad Ali , Teatini Pietro , Pedersen Jesper Bjergsted , Auken Esben , Tosatto Omar , Christiansen Anders Vest
Published: March 2017

Abstract. During the last century, many large irrigation projects were carried out in arid lands worldwide. Despite a tremendous increase in food production, a common problem when characterizing these zones is land degradation in the form of waterlogging. A clear example of this phenomenon is in the Nubariya depression in the Western Desert of Egypt. Following the reclamation of desert lands for agricultural production, an artificial brackish and contaminated pond started to develop in the late 1990s, which at present extends for about 2.5 km2. The available data provide evidence of a simultaneous general deterioration of the groundwater system. An extensive hydrogeophysical investigation was carried out in this challenging environment using magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) and ground-based time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) techniques with the following main objectives: (1) understanding the hydrological evolution of the area; (2) characterizing the hydrogeological setting; and (3) developing scenarios for artificial aquifer remediation and recharge. The integrated interpretation of the geophysical surveys provided a hydrogeological picture of the upper 100 m sedimentary setting in terms of both lithological distribution and groundwater quality. The information is then used to set up (1) a regional groundwater flow and (2) a local density-dependent flow and transport numerical model to reproduce the evolution of the aquifer system and develop a few scenarios for artificial aquifer recharge using the treated water provided by a nearby wastewater treatment plant. The research outcomes point to the hydrological challenges that emerge for the effective management of water resources in reclaimed desert areas, and they highlight the effectiveness of using advanced geophysical and modeling methodologies.
Exceptional floods in the Prut basin, Romania, in the context of heavy rains in the summer of 2010
Authors: Romanescu Gheorghe , Stoleriu Cristian Constantin
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The year 2010 was characterized by devastating flooding in central and eastern Europe, including Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. This study focuses on floods that occurred during the summer of 2010 in the Prut River basin, which has a high percentage of hydrotechnical infrastructure. Strong floods occurred in eastern Romania on the Prut River, which borders the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine, and the Siret River. Atmospheric instability from 21 June to 1 July 2010 caused remarkable amounts of rain, with rates of 51.2 mm/50 min and 42.0 mm/30 min. In the middle Prut basin, there are numerous ponds that help mitigate floods as well as provide water for animals, irrigation, and so forth. The peak discharge of the Prut River during the summer of 2010 was 2310 m3 s−1 at the Rădăuţi-Prut gauging station. High discharges were also recorded on downstream tributaries, including the Baseu, Jijia, and Miletin. High discharges downstream occurred because of water from the middle basin and the backwater from the Danube (a historic discharge of 16 300 m3 s−1). The floods that occurred in the Prut basin in the summer of 2010 could not be controlled completely because the discharges far exceeded foreseen values.
Measurement of geologic nitrogen using mass spectrometry, colorimetry, and a newly adapted fluorometry technique
Authors: Johnson Benjamin W. , Drage Natashia , Spence Jody , Hanson Nova , El-Sabaawi Rana , Goldblatt Colin
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Long viewed as a mostly noble, atmospheric species, recent work demonstrates that nitrogen in fact cycles throughout the Earth system, including the atmosphere, biosphere, oceans, and solid Earth. Despite this new-found behaviour, more thorough investigation of N in geologic materials is limited due to its low concentration (one to tens of parts per million) and difficulty in analysis. In addition, N can exist in multiple species (NO3−, NH4+, N2, organic N), and determining which species is actually quantified can be difficult. In rocks and minerals, NH4+ is the most stable form of N over geologic timescales. As such, techniques designed to measure NH4+ can be particularly useful.We measured a number of geochemical rock standards using three different techniques: elemental analyzer (EA) mass spectrometry, colorimetry, and fluorometry. The fluorometry approach is a novel adaptation of a technique commonly used in biologic science, applied herein to geologic NH4+. Briefly, NH4+ can be quantified by HF dissolution, neutralization, addition of a fluorescing reagent, and analysis on a standard fluorometer. We reproduce published values for several rock standards (BCR-2, BHVO-2, and G-2), especially if an additional distillation step is performed. While it is difficult to assess the quality of each method, due to lack of international geologic N standards, fluorometry appears better suited to analyzing mineral-bound NH4+ than EA mass spectrometry and is a simpler, quicker alternative to colorimetry.To demonstrate a potential application of fluorometry, we calculated a continental crust N budget based on new measurements. We used glacial tills as a proxy for upper crust and analyzed several poorly constrained rock types (volcanics, mid-crustal xenoliths) to determine that the continental crust contains  ∼  2  ×  1018 kg N. This estimate is consistent with recent budget estimates and shows that fluorometry is appropriate for large-scale questions where high sample throughput is helpful.Lastly, we report the first δ15N values of six rock standards: BCR-2 (1. 05  ±  0. 4 ‰), BHVO-2 (−0. 3  ±  0. 2 ‰), G-2 (1. 23  ±  1. 32 ‰), LKSD-4 (3. 59  ±  0. 1 ‰), Till-4 (6. 33  ±  0. 1 ‰), and SY-4 (2. 13  ±  0. 5 ‰). The need for international geologic N standards is crucial for further investigation of the Earth system N cycle, and we suggest that existing rock standards may be suited to this need.
Dietary Management of Hyperthyroidism in a Dog
Authors: Looney Andrea , Wakshlag Joseph
Published: March 2017

An 8 yr old female spayed golden retriever presented for a routine exam during which ventral cervical soft tissue masses were identified. History included weight loss, increased activity and appetite, gagging, and occasional diarrhea. Exam findings included a body condition score of 4/9 and palpable ventral cervical nodules. A serum thyroxine (T4) value was 8.0 ug/dL (normal = 0.8–3.5ug/dL). Doppler systolic blood pressure readings ranged from 200–210 mmHg (normal systolic blood pressure <150 mmHg). The diagnosis was hyperthyroidism due to active thyroid masses. Due to financial constraints, the owner elected conservative management. Initial treatment with methimazole resulted in a decreased T4 value of 5.0 ug/dL at approximately 4 mo after initiation of treatment. A commercially available iodine-restricted feline diet was fed and this resulted in further reduction in serum T4 levels, improved sleeping cycles, reduced anxiety, and reduced systolic blood pressure. A temporary suspension of iodine-restricted feline diet for 2 mo resulted in increases in serum T4 concentrations, which, subsequently, decreased with re-introduction of the diet. Roughly 10 mo after initiation of the therapeutic diet and 16 mo after intial diagnosis, the dog remains relatively normal clinically despite active growing cervical masses with T4 concentration of 2.3 ug/dL.
Artifacts During Short-Term Interictal Electroencephalographic Recording in Dogs
Authors: Cauduro Alberto , Dondi Maurizio , Favole Paolo , Opreni Mauro , Simonetto Lucia Antonietta , Lorenzo Valentina
Published: March 2017

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electrodiagnostic technique widely used in both scientific research and clinical medicine. It makes it possible to study the neurophysiology of brain activity by recording real-time changes in electrical potential produced by cortical activation. The importance of EEG in diagnosing canine epilepsy demonstrates its usefulness when the owner's description of crises is not clear or when the episodes cannot be differentiated from behavioral or cardiac disorders. However, EEG recordings also often record electrical activity from sources other than the brain, which may interfere with the clinical event-related signal. This activity is known as artifactual electrical activity, and the signal changes recorded in these cases corrupt the trace when they are superimposed on brain activity or even, in some cases, mimic pathologic abnormalities. The first step in analyzing and interpreting EEG traces is to recognize artifacts and other specific transient events. This retrospective study set out to ascertain whether artifacts comparable to those described in humans are observed in protocols used to perform short-term interictal EEG for canine epilepsy and how these can be classified.
“How Does That Apply to Me?” The Gross Injustice of Having to Translate
Authors: Hess Juliet
Published: March 2017

When we hear discourse that does not fit our own life schema but could with some subtle (or not so subtle) adjustments, the path of least resistance, in many cases, is simply to internally adjust the discourse to fit our schema. This article explores the injustice of students having to translate teacher discourse to apply to their own stories. I assert that translation is a socialized human process. The first part of this article argues that the necessity of engaging in translation is a microaggression continually encountered by individuals who embody difference. I focus specifically on the manifestations of this practice on the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQQIA) community and speak directly to the injustices of heteronormative and gender normative discourses in the context of school music. Drawing on different music education settings, I point to strategic practical choices educators can employ in classroom discourse to ensure that their language and other classroom representations include all students in the classroom. The discussion portion of this article interrogates the uncomplicated nature of the discursive suggestions I put forward in light of the biopolitical issues faced by the LGBTQQIA community.
The Impact of Cooperative Learning on CHC Students’ Achievements and Its Changes over the Past Decade
Authors: Chen Qiuxian , Liu Yuan
Published: March 2017

Informed by emergent learning theories and multiple evidenced benefits, cooperative learning has developed into a widely accepted organization mode of class in the Western context. For the same reason, cooperative learning is transferred, during the past decade, into classrooms of Confucian Heritage Culture (CHC) contexts. Concerns, however, are raised regarding the effectiveness of the transfer, for contextual factors have long been acknowledged as a powerful barrier to borrowed initiatives, especially those that are not compatible with the deep-rooted cultural values in the situated contexts.This paper is built on Thanh-Pham’s (2014) review of literature, which is on the impact of cooperative learning on the CHC students’ learning achievements and conducted during 1990 to 2006. This paper has expanded Thanh-Pham (2014) with a similar review on available literatures, which were published from 2007 up to 2016. This review of 39 publications shows up noticeable changes regarding the impact of cooperative learning in the CHC contexts. Specifically, the positive findings have risen from 47.2% to 86.9%, whereas negative and null change studies fall considerably. Influencing factors are analyzed via SPSS22.0 Software and verified with exemplars. Reasons for these changes point to the changing context and adaptive agency.
Impact of Hidden Curriculum on Ethical and Aesthetic Values of Sixth Graders in Tafila Directorate of Education
Authors: Al.qomoul Mohammad , Al.roud Atallah
Published: March 2017

The present research attempts to investigate the impact of the hidden curriculum on ethical and aesthetic values ofsixth graders in Tafila Directorate of education. It also, aims at counting the means and differences between thegrades of the positive effects and the grades of the negative effects of both ethical and aesthetic values of the students.However, the researchers use descriptive analytical method to answer the questions of the study. The instruments ofthe study were actually two questionnaires, one for ethical values and the other for aesthetic values. The sample ofthe study was 120 students chosen randomly to match the study’s objectives. The results reveal noticeable statisticaldifferences (α=05) between the means of the positive values effects and the means of the negative values effects. Italso reveals statistical differences ( F α=05) in the means of the positive aesthetic values and means of negativeaesthetic values in favor of positive values.
Health implications and management of women with opioid use disorder
Authors: Hachey Lisa M. , Gregg Jason A. , Pavlik-Maus Tamara L. , Jones Jill S.
Published: March 2017

Opioid use disorder has risen to epidemic proportions in the United States at an alarming rate in the past decade and is considered a leading public health concern. Women have a higher rate of acute and chronic pain conditions and are more likely to be prescribed opioids for pain management. The disproportionate incidence of opioid use, misuse, and progression to heroin and injectable drug use among reproductive age women is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Of particular concern are the unique health risks opioid-dependent women face including immune system alterations, endocrinopathies, diminished fertility, psychosocial isolation, interpersonal violence, and unintentional overdose. Opioid use in pregnancy is associated with negative maternal and neonatal consequences and requires comprehensive, multidisciplinary services for the co-occurring medical, mental health, infectious disease, social stressors, and legal issues. Neonatal abstinence syndrome is linked to a cluster of physiological withdrawal symptoms and considered the primary adverse outcome of opioid exposure in newborns. Maternal medication-assisted treatment with methadone or buprenorphine to decrease the negative effects of neonatal withdrawal is the standard of care for opioid use disorders in pregnancy. The complexity of services required for maternal opioid use disorders requires collaborative and multidisciplinary management strategies to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Water, Energy, and Rooftops: Integrating Green Roof Systems into Building Policies in the Arab Region
Authors: Al-Zu bi Maha , Mansour Osama
Published: March 2017

Recent research claim that adopting green roof systems in building sectors in the Arab region is becoming necessary because of the current environmental, social, and economical challenges. Some Arab countries have already developed green building rating systems and recognized the importance of green roofs; however, they still do not fully benefit from such systems owing to limited supporting policies and financial incentives. The purpose of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of the potential role of green roof systems in effective planning and moving towards sustainable urban development in the Arab region. We argue that integrating green roof systems within governmental policies and green building strategies would potentially help in saving energy, enhancing water management, and coping with climate change. This paper presents a conceptual framework to help governments in the Arab region to adopt green roofs in their environmental policies. To present this framework; first, we studied the current international policies that adopt green roof systems and practices, then proposed a conceptual framework for adopting green roof systems in the Arab region. Second, we have chosen Cairo, Egypt, and Amman, Jordan from the Arab region to demonstrate the applicability of this framework at city level while considering the national and local context. This demonstration provides a novel perspective for the benefits of green roof systems in energy savings and water management in the Arab region.
Een executive committee, niet omdat het moet …
Authors: de Wit E.H.
Published: March 2017

Een executive committee, niet omdat het moet …

Steeds meer vennootschappen stellen een executive committee (EC) in. De Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance Code heeft geconstateerd dat het instellen van een EC gevolgen kan hebben voor de manier waarop de checks and balances en het toezicht binnen de vennootschap worden gewaarborgd, en in dit licht enkele best practice bepalingen vastgesteld. De bepalingen worden besproken met het oog op regulering versus vrije invulling van de EC.
Beloningen en de herziene Corporate Governance Code
Authors: Lokin E.C.H.J.
Published: March 2017

Beloningen en de herziene Corporate Governance Code

In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur in op de wijzigingen die de Corporate Governance Code 2016 meebrengt voor de beloningen bij beursgenoteerde vennootschappen. De auteur bespreekt de samenstelling van de remuneratiecommissie, het beloningsbeleid, de beloning van individuele bestuurders, het remuneratierapport, de ontslagvergoeding en het achteraf aanpassen en terugvorderen van beloning.
De herziene Corporate Governance Code en technologische ontwikkelingen
Authors: Overkleeft F.G.K.
Published: March 2017

De herziene Corporate Governance Code en technologische ontwikkelingen

De auteur bespreekt de best practice bepaling over deskundigheid op het gebied van technologische innovatie en nieuwe businessmodellen binnen de RvC die de Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance Code in de consultatieversie van de herziene Code heeft voorgesteld. Dit voorstel heeft de eindversie van de herziene Code uiteindelijk niet gehaald. De auteur bespreekt de strekking van het oorspronkelijke voorstel, de kritiek die op het voorstel is geuit en de wijze waarop de Commissie dit punt in de eindversie heeft geadresseerd.
Murphy’s Law bij het testeren door een erflater die geen handtekening meer kan zetten
Authors: Reinhartz B.E.
Published: March 2017

Murphy’s Law bij het testeren door een erflater die geen handtekening meer kan zetten

Een testament dat in tegenwoordigheid van de notaris is ondertekend door middel van een handtekeningstempel door een testateur die vanwege een lichamelijke handicap niet meer met een pen kan ondertekenen, is geldig ondertekend. Men komt dan niet toe aan de nietigheid van artikel 4:109 BW of de surrogaathandtekening van artikel 43 Wna. Dat het testament als plaats van verlijden de plaats van vestiging van het notariskantoor vermeldt en niet de plaats waar het verzorgingstehuis is gevestigd waar de testateur verblijft en het testament daadwerkelijk is gepasseerd, levert in dit geval geen grond op voor vernietiging van het testament.
Een quasi-legaat aan een quasi-echtgenote
Authors: Luijten E.A.A. , Meijer W.R.
Published: March 2017

Een quasi-legaat aan een quasi-echtgenote

In deze bijdrage wordt het arrest van HR 17 mei 2013, RvdW 2013, 689, ECLI:NL:HR:2013:BZ3643 besproken. In deze casus ging het om een begunstiging van de partner in een overeenkomst van levensverzekering die de latere erflater te haren behoeve had gesloten. Daarnaast had hij tevens in zijn laatste uiterste wil zijn partner tot enige erfgename en tot executeur benoemd, terwijl hij aan zijn kinderen geldlegaten had gemaakt. De nalatenschap bleek negatief te zijn. Deze combinatie leverde enkele rechtsvragen op die aan de Hoge Raad werden voorgelegd.
Linguistic monitoring of communication between experts and non-experts in the legal field
Authors: Eckardt Birgit , Engberg Jan
Published: March 2017

No abstract.
Male and Female Witnesses' Speech in Swedish Criminal Trials
Authors: Waara Elin , Shaw Philip
Published: March 2017

The present quantitative study focuses on witnesses’ speech in Swedish criminal trials, more speciﬁcally on potential differences between men’s and women’s language styles. Since the 1970s, research on language and gender has been divided into three main approaches towards the relationship between men’s and women’s language use: the deﬁcit approach, the dominance approach and the cultural approach. The present study uses the more recent dynamic approach to show how gender is acted out in each situation taking into account a number of factors, e.g. context. The aim of our work is ﬁrst and foremost to study the possible correlation between the witnesses’ gender and language in the courtroom context and then to investigate if income and/or level of education provide better explanations for possible variation by looking at a broad range of linguistic variables. The results show no statistically signiﬁcant gender or social status differences in the witnesses’ speech. However, when comparing the results of the testifying police ofﬁcers accidentally included in the study with the rest of the witnesses, the differences turned out to be signiﬁcant. This shows that, in this case, factors such as previous courtroom experience and familiarity with the context were probably more inﬂuential on the speech of the informants than gender, income and education, in conformity with the assumptions of the dynamic approach.
Actualité artistique et réception immédiate : les enjeux de la critique en
Acadie
Authors: Brun del Re Ariane , Cormier Pénélope
Published: March 2017

Prenant comme point de départ la fermeture de l’espace dédié à la critique des arts
acadiens « Tintamarre » du journal L’Acadie Nouvelle en 2013, cet article présente
les enjeux épistémologiques de la réception immédiate comme discours sur les arts. À partir
d’un historique et d’un état des lieux de la critique artistique en Acadie, il débusque
certaines idées préconçues sur les défis et les obstacles de la critique artistique en
milieu minoritaire – concernant notamment l’absence de volontaires, leur formation et leurs
conditions de travail, mais aussi leur rôle et les réactions des lecteurs – en situant le
discours critique acadien comme le maillon faible de la chaîne de production
culturelle.
Age‐disparate sex and HIV risk for young women from 2002 to 2012 in South Africa
Authors: Evans Meredith , Risher Kathryn , Zungu Nompumelelo , Shisana Olive , Moyo Sizulu , Celentano David D , Maughan‐Brown Brendan , Rehle Thomas M
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Age‐disparate sex has long been considered a factor that increases HIV risk for young women in South Africa. However, recent studies from specific regions in South Africa have found conflicting evidence. Few studies have assessed the association between age‐disparate partnerships (those involving an age gap of 5 years or more) and HIV risk at the national level. This study investigates the relationship between age‐disparate sex and HIV status among young women aged 15–24 in South Africa.

Methods: Nationally representative weighted data from the 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2012 South African National HIV Surveys were analysed for young women aged 15–24 years using bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions.

Results: After conducting multiple logistic regression analyses and controlling for confounders, young women with age‐disparate partners had greater odds of being HIV positive in every survey year: 2002 (aOR = 1.74, 95%CI: 0.81–3.76, p = 0.16); 2005 (aOR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.22–3.66, p < 0.01); 2008 (aOR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.24–3.29, p < 0.01); 2012 (aOR = 1.53, 95%CI: 0.92–2.54, p < 0.1). The odds of being HIV positive increased for each year increase in their male partner’s age in 2002 (aOR = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.98–1.22, p = 0.11), 2005 (aOR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.03–1.17, p < 0.01), 2008 (aOR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01–1.15, p < 0.05), and 2012 (aOR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01–1.16, p < 0.05). Findings were statistically significant (p < 0.1) for the years 2005, 2008, and 2012.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that age‐disparate sex continues to be a risk factor for young women aged 15–24 in South Africa at a national level. These results may reflect variation in HIV risk at the national level compared to the differing results from recent studies in a demographic surveillance system and trial contexts. In light of recent contradictory study results, further research is required on the relationship between age‐disparate sex and HIV for a more nuanced understanding of young women’s HIV risk.
Memory CD4 T cell subsets are kinetically heterogeneous and replenished from naive T cells at high levels
Authors: Gossel Graeme , Hogan Thea , Cownden Daniel , Seddon Benedict , Yates Andrew J
Published: March 2017

Characterising the longevity of immunological memory requires establishing the rules underlying the renewal and death of peripheral T cells. However, we lack knowledge of the population structure and how self-renewal and de novo influx contribute to the maintenance of memory compartments. Here, we characterise the kinetics and structure of murine CD4 T cell memory subsets by measuring the rates of influx of new cells and using detailed timecourses of DNA labelling that also distinguish the behaviour of recently divided and quiescent cells. We find that both effector and central memory CD4 T cells comprise subpopulations with highly divergent rates of turnover, and show that inflows of new cells sourced from the naive pool strongly impact estimates of memory cell lifetimes and division rates. We also demonstrate that the maintenance of CD4 T cell memory subsets in healthy mice is unexpectedly and strikingly reliant on this replenishment.
Water column particulate matter: A key contributor to phosphorus regeneration in a coastal eutrophic environment, the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Li Jiying , Reardon Patrick , McKinley James P. , Joshi Sunendra R. , Bai Yuge , Bear Kristi , Jaisi Deb P.
Published: March 2017

Particulate phosphorus (PP) in the water column is an essential component of phosphorus (P) cycling in the Chesapeake Bay because P often limits primary productivity, yet its composition and transformation remain undercharacterized. To understand the mobilization of PP and P sequestration in the water column, we studied seasonal variations in particulate organic and inorganic P species at three sites in the Chesapeake Bay, using chemical extractions, 1‐D (31P) and 2‐D (1H‐31P) NMR spectroscopies, and electron microprobe analyses. Our results suggest that an average of 9% and 50% of water column PP was recycled in shallow and deep sites, respectively, primarily through remineralization of organic P, which was 3 times higher than Fe‐bound P remobilization. P recycling efficiency was highest in the warm and anoxic seasons. Organic P compositions and concentrations responded strongly to seasonal and redox variations: orthophosphate monoesters and diesters, and diester‐to‐monoester ratios (D/M) decreased with depth; both esters and D/M ratios were lower in the anoxic waters in July and September. In contrast, pyrophosphate concentration increased with depth and polyphosphate concentration was high in anoxic seasons. Our analyses suggest the presence of Ca‐phosphate minerals (Ca‐P) in the water column but with concentrations comparable to sediment Ca‐P. It is unclear, however, whether authigenic precipitation occurred in the water column or resuspended from sediments. Overall, these results reveal the dominance of internal P cycling particularly via organic P remineralization and controlling P availability in the water column of the Chesapeake Bay.