bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formar, enseñar y aprender sobre la práctica científica en
primaria con un juego de cajas negras
Authors: Manassero-Mas María-Antonia , Bennàssar-Roig Antoni-J. , Vázquez-Alonso Ángel
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN. Aprender cómo funciona la comunidad científica
para validar conocimientos es un componente esencial de la
alfabetización científica que no se enseña adecuadamente por su
complejidad cognitiva, la carencia de recursos didácticos y la
insuficiente atención a estos temas en la formación del profesorado.
El objetivo es innovar la formación y el desarrollo profesional del
profesorado mediante juegos serios (cajas negras) que incentiven
esta enseñanza epistémica y su aprendizaje por alumnado en primaria.
MÉTODO. Tres maestros y sus estudiantes participan en un proceso
metodológicamente mixto: desarrollo del juego como recurso
didáctico, intervención educativa con estudiantes e
investigación-acción sobre la práctica docente de los maestros.
RESULTADOS. Se presentan como resultados, las actividades, los
productos y el desarrollo profesional docente por medio del estudio
de la lección: planificación de la secuencia didáctica, producciones
del alumnado y evaluación de la formación (maestros) y de la
motivación e interés de maestros y alumnado. La eficacia del juego
se justifica por la valoración positiva de los docentes y la
realización, aceptación y motivación hacia las tareas del alumnado.
DISCUSIÓN. Se discuten los logros, los límites y las implicaciones
futuras en relación con los objetivos de la experiencia tanto para
la educación científica como para desarrollar en las escuelas la
sostenibilidad de la experiencia de formación con juegos
epistémicos.
High-harmonic diffractive lens color compensation
Authors: Wang Zichan , Kim Youngsik , Milster Tom D.
Published: May 2021

Large diameter, high-harmonic diffractive lenses could find
applications in future space telescopes. Residual chromatic
aberrations from these lenses can cause significant blurring.
Solutions to reduce chromatic dispersion and other aberrations to
diffraction-limited performance are discussed. A design example based
on a 240-mm-diameter, 1-m focal length multi-order diffractive
engineered lens operating over the astronomical R-Band (589–727 nm) is
presented. The design example uses a relay subsystem with four times
smaller diameter than the primary. This color corrector includes both
refractive and diffractive optical elements and reduces the
longitudinal chromatic aberrations by more than a factor of 30
compared to the primary lens alone, while maintaining the effective
focal length and numerical aperture of the system.
Temporally averaged speckle noise in wavefront sensors for beam projection in weak turbulence
Authors: Allan Gregory W. , Allured Ryan , Ashcom Jonathan , Liu Lulu , Cahoy Kerri
Published: May 2021

Adaptive optics (AO) compensation for imaging or coherent illumination of a remote object relies on accurate sensing of atmospheric aberrations. When a coherent beacon is projected onto the object to enable wavefront sensing, the reflected reference wave will exhibit random variation in phase and amplitude characteristics of laser speckle. In a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) measurement, speckle effects cause fluctuations in the intensity of focal spots and errors in the position of their centroids relative to those expected from purely atmospheric phase aberrations. The resulting error in wavefront measurements negatively impacts the quality of atmospheric phase conjugation. This paper characterizes the effect of reflected laser speckle on the accuracy of SHWFS measurements for ground-to-space beam projection systems in weak turbulence conditions. We show via simulation that the speckle-induced error in centroiding depends on the ratio between beacon diameter and the diffraction-limited resolution of the lenslet and confirm these results with experimental data. We provide experimental validation that averaging of SHWFS lenslet spot intensities over speckle realizations converges to the incoherent intensity as expected. We further show that the effects of shot noise and speckle noise add in quadrature, simplifying noise analysis. Finally, we characterize the effect of temporal averaging under typical conditions of target motion and integration time. This work provides a straightforward set of relations that can help investigators more accurately estimate the required integration time for wavefront sensing in the presence of laser speckle.
Modified homodyne laser interferometer based on phase modulation for simultaneously measuring displacement and angle
Authors: Wang Xianfan , Su Jingjing , Yang Jianhua , Miao Lijun , Huang Tengchao
Published: May 2021

Many researchers from scientific and industrial fields have devoted their efforts to the laser interferometer, aiming to improve the measurement accuracy and extend the practical applications. Here, we present a modified homodyne laser interferometer based on phase modulation for simultaneously measuring displacement and angle. The active sawtooth wave phase modulation enhances immunity of this interferometer to the environmental fluctuations and laser power drift. Based on polarized optic theory and the sinusoidal measurement retro-reflector, a modified Michelson-type interferometer configuration is designed to simultaneously measure displacement and angle. Phase difference between the reference and measurement interference signals can be obtained using the sawtooth wave phase modulation and zero crossing detection technique, where the real-time displacement and angle values can be derived directly. Experimental results demonstrate our proposed interferometer has good static and dynamic performance.
Tapered Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on PbS quantum dots modified by polymers for copper ion sensing
Authors: Yan Yuyang , Fan Meiduan , Zhou Shuang , Sun Xiaolan , Ma Longfei , Li Ruoyu , Kost Alan R.
Published: May 2021

An optical fiber interferometer coated with PbS quantum dots (QDs) was developed for copper ion (

C
u

2
+

) detection. The QDs were modified by a multifunctional copolymer that enabled QD surface ligation, dispersion, and coordination with

C
u

2
+

.

C
u

2
+

coordination with the polymer induced changes in the surrounding refractive index of the interferometer. The sensor was highly selective for

C
u

2
+

and showed a linear detection range of 0–1000 µM with a limit of detection of 2.20 µM in both aqueous and biological solutions.
Practical approach for the design of uniform-field electrodes in transversely excited CO2 lasers
Authors: Pezh Alireza
Published: May 2021

Uniform-field electrodes, which are commonly used in transversely excited

C
O

2

lasers, are essential to produce a uniform pulsed glow discharge. In this paper, a simple and novel approach associated with practical parameters is developed for the design of Chang and Ernst profiles. This approach not only provides a maximally flat distribution of the electrode surface field but also optimizes the geometric parameter

k
0

. The design procedure is investigated using this method based on approximate and exact solutions; for simplicity, an iterative method will also be suggested. Furthermore, a monolithic and composite profile is presented to calculate the 3D shape of realistic electrodes that brings desired values of field uniformity and aspect ratios. The obtained distribution of the electric field is discussed to explore more detail about the proposed approach. The approximate and exact methods are in good agreement, and the boundaries of the discharge region are determined by the field distribution across the discharge midplane. The results show that a square discharge also requires optimum applied voltage.
Optimized plasmonic reversible logic gate for low loss communication
Authors: Choudhary Kuldeep , Kumar Santosh
Published: May 2021

With the development of plasmonic optical waveguides, numerous nanostructures based on different materials can be fabricated in a controlled way. While doing reversible computing, reversible logic gates are the necessary requirement to reduce the loss of information with less power consumption. The proposed design of the Feynman logic gate is simulated by a cascading metal-insulator-metal optical waveguide based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers. The footprint of the proposed Feynman logic gate is

62

µ

m

×
9

µ

m

, the extinction ratio is 10.57 dB, and the insertion loss is

−

0.969

d
B

and

−

1.191

d
B

, which is much better compared to an electro-optic-based exiting Feynman logic gate. The results are obtained by simulating the proposed structure using the finite difference time domain method and verified by using mathematical computation in MATLAB.
Design of a freeform two-reflector system to collimate and shape a point source distribution
Authors: van Roosmalen A. H. , Anthonissen M. J. H. , IJzerman W. L. , ten Thije Boonkkamp J. H. M.
Published: May 2021

In this paper we propose a method to compute a freeform reflector system for collimating and shaping a beam from a point source. We construct these reflectors such that the radiant intensity of the source is converted into a desired target. An important generalization in our approach compared to previous research is that the output beam can be in an arbitrary direction. The design problem is approached by using a generalized Monge-Ampère equation. This equation is solved using a least-squares algorithm for non-quadratic cost functions. This algorithm calculates the optical map, from which we can then compute the surfaces. We test our algorithm on two cases. First we consider a uniform source and target distribution. Next, we use the model of a laser diode light source and a ring-shaped target distribution.
Method for inferring the mechanical strain of GaN-on-Si epitaxial layers using optical profilometry and finite element analysis
Authors: Spiridon B. F. , Toon M. , Hinz A. , Ghosh S. , Fairclough S. M. , Guilhabert B. J. E. , Strain M. J. , Watson I. M. , Dawson M. D. , Wallis D. J. , Oliver R. A.
Published: May 2021

GaN-on-Si has become a useful fabrication route for many GaN devices and applications, but the mechanical stress incorporated throughout the material stack can impact the viability of this approach. The transfer printing of GaN membrane devices, a promising emerging technology, is most effective with flat membranes, but in practice many GaN structures released from their Si substrate are highly bowed due to the strain in the epitaxial nitride stack. Our approach uses the optical profiles of epitaxial wafers and membranes as inputs for inferring the mechanical strain state of the material by multi-variable numerical model fitting using COMSOL Multiphysics. This versatile, adaptable and scalable method was tested on samples from two GaN-on-Si wafers, revealing the relationship between built-in strain and material bow in principal-component fashion, returning 3–4×10−4 strain estimates for the AlGaN (compressive) and GaN (tensile) layers, and suggesting the occurrence of plastic deformation during transfer printing.
Sequential intraparticle Förster resonance energy transfer for multi-wavelength bioimaging
Authors: Jones Haley W. , Burdette Mary K. , Bandera Yuriy , Zhang Eric , Foulger Isabell K. , Binder Jessica , Weick Jason , Foulger Stephen H.
Published: May 2021

Core/shell nanoparticles composed of a silica core over which a propargyl methacrylate (PMA) shell was polymerized around were synthesized. To employ the shell coating, the surface of the silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) was modified with an alkene-terminated organometallic silane linker that allowed for the covalent attachment of a poly(propargyl methacrylate) (pPMA) shell. The alkyne groups resulting from the pPMA shell were utilized in copper(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions to attach azide-modified Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs of naphthalimide (azNap), rhodamine B (azRhod), and silicon phthalocyanine (azSiPc) derivatives to the shell surface. The luminescence of the system was manipulated by the covalent attachment of one, two, or three of the fluorophores resulting in no energy transfer, one energy transfer, or two energy transfers, respectively. When all three fluorophores were attached to the core/shell particles, an excitation of azNap with a wavelength of 400 nm resulted in the sequential energy transfer between two FRET pairs and the sole emission of azSiPc at 670 nm. These particles may have applications as bioimaging probes as their luminescence is easily detected using fluorescence microscopy.
Naturalistic development of trait mindfulness: A longitudinal examination of victimization and supportive relationships in early adolescence
Authors: Warren Michael T. , Schonert-Reichl Kimberly A. , Gill Randip , Gadermann Anne M. , Oberle Eva
Published: May 2021

Scholars have only just begun to examine elements of young adolescents’ social ecologies that explain naturalistic variation in trait mindfulness and its development over time. We argue that trait mindfulness develops as a function of chronically encountered ecologies that are likely to foster or thwart the repeated enactment of mindful states over time. Using data from 4,593 fourth and seventh grade students (50% female; MageG4 = 9.02; 71% English first language) from 32 public school districts in British Columbia (BC), Canada, we examined links from peer belonging, connectedness with adults at home, and peer victimization to mindfulness over time. Variable-centered analyses indicated that young adolescents with lower victimization in fourth grade reported higher mindfulness in seventh grade, and that cross-sectionally within seventh grade victimization, peer belonging, and connectedness with adults at home were each associated with mindfulness. Contrary to our hypothesis, connectedness with adults at home moderated the longitudinal association between victimization and mindfulness such that the negative association was stronger among young adolescents with high (vs. low) levels of connectedness with adults at home. Person-centered analysis of the fourth graders’ data confirmed our variable-centered findings, yielding four latent classes of social ecology whose mindfulness levels in seventh grade largely tracked with their victimization levels (from highest to lowest mindfulness): (1) flourishing relationships, (2) unvictimized but weak relationships with adults, (3) moderately victimized but strong relationships, and (4) victimized but strong relationships. Overall, our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence indicating that trait mindfulness may develop as a function of ecologically normative experiences in young adolescents’ everyday lives.
MGP-AttTCN: An interpretable machine learning model for the prediction of sepsis
Authors: Rosnati Margherita , Fortuin Vincent
Published: May 2021

With a mortality rate of 5.4 million lives worldwide every year and a healthcare cost of more than 16 billion dollars in the USA alone, sepsis is one of the leading causes of hospital mortality and an increasing concern in the ageing western world. Recently, medical and technological advances have helped re-define the illness criteria of this disease, which is otherwise poorly understood by the medical society. Together with the rise of widely accessible Electronic Health Records, the advances in data mining and complex nonlinear algorithms are a promising avenue for the early detection of sepsis. This work contributes to the research effort in the field of automated sepsis detection with an open-access labelling of the medical MIMIC-III data set. Moreover, we propose MGP-AttTCN: a joint multitask Gaussian Process and attention-based deep learning model to early predict the occurrence of sepsis in an interpretable manner. We show that our model outperforms the current state-of-the-art and present evidence that different labelling heuristics lead to discrepancies in task difficulty. For instance, when predicting sepsis five hours prior to onset on our new realistic labels, our proposed model achieves an area under the ROC curve of 0.660 and an area under the PR curve of 0.483, whereas the (less interpretable) previous state-of-the-art model (MGP-TCN) achieves 0.635 AUROC and 0.460 AUPR and the popular commercial InSight model achieves 0.490 AUROC and 0.359 AUPR.
Auditory brainstem response asymmetries in older adults: An exploratory study using click and speech stimuli
Authors: Ianiszewski Alejandro , Fuente Adrian , Gagné Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2021

Background

Some evidence suggests that young adults exhibit a selective laterality of auditory brainstem response (ABR) elicited with speech stimuli. Little is known about such an auditory laterality in older adults.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate possible asymmetric auditory brainstem processing between right and left ear presentation in older adults.

Methods

Sixty-two older adults presenting with normal hearing thresholds according to their age and who were native speakers of Quebec French participated in this study. ABR was recorded using click and a 40-ms /da/ syllable. ABR was elicited through monaural right and monaural left stimulation. Latency and amplitude for click-and speech-ABR components were compared between right and left ear presentations. In addition, for the /da/ syllable, a fast Fourier transform analysis of the sustained frequency-following response (FFR) of the vowel was performed along with stimulus-to-response and right-left ear correlation analyses.

Results

No significant differences between right and left ear presentation were found for amplitudes and latencies of the click-ABR components. Significantly shorter latencies for right ear presentation as compared to left ear presentation were observed for onset and offset transient components (V, A and O), sustained components (D and E), and voiced transition components (C) of the speech-ABR. In addition, the spectral amplitude of the fundamental frequency (F0) was significantly larger for the left ear presentation than the right ear presentation.

Conclusions

Results of this study show that older adults with normal hearing exhibit symmetric encoding for click stimuli at the brainstem level between the right and left ear presentation. However, they present with brainstem asymmetries for the encoding of selective stimulus components of the speech-ABR between the right and left ear presentation. The right ear presentation of a /da/ syllable elicited reduced neural timing for both transient and sustained components compared to the left ear. Conversely, a stronger left ear F0 encoding was observed. These findings suggest that at a preattentive, sensory stage of auditory processing, older adults lateralize speech stimuli similarly to young adults.
Quantifying the effects of multiple land management practices, land cover change, and wildfire on the California landscape carbon budget with an empirical model
Authors: Di Vittorio Alan V. , Simmonds Maegen B. , Nico Peter
Published: May 2021

The effectiveness of land-based climate mitigation strategies is generally estimated on a case-by-case basis without considering interactions with other strategies or influencing factors. Here we evaluate a new, comprehensive approach that incorporates interactions among multiple management strategies, land use/cover change, wildfire, and climate, although the potential effects of climate change are not evaluated in this study. The California natural and working lands carbon and greenhouse gas model (CALAND) indicates that summing individual practice estimates of greenhouse gas impacts may underestimate emission reduction benefits in comparison with an integrated estimate. Annual per-area estimates of the potential impact of specific management practices on landscape emissions can vary based on the estimation period, which can be problematic for extrapolating such estimates over space and time. Furthermore, the actual area of implementation is a primary factor in determining potential impacts of management on landscape emissions. Nonetheless, less intensive forest management, avoided conversion to urban land, and urban forest expansion generally create the largest annual per-area reductions, while meadow restoration and forest fuel reduction and harvest practices generally create the largest increases with respect to no management. CALAND also shows that data uncertainty is too high to determine whether California land is a source or a sink of carbon emissions, but that estimating effects of management with respect to a baseline provides valid results. Important sources of this uncertainty are initial carbon density, net ecosystem carbon accumulation rates, and land use/cover change data. The appropriate choice of baseline is critical for generating valid results.
Tubular cell damage may be the earliest sign of renal extrahepatic manifestation caused by Hepatitis C
Authors: Kaartinen Kati , Vuoti Sauli , Honkanen Eero , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Singh Ravinder , Färkkilä Martti
Published: May 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most well-known extrahepatic manifestations caused by hepatitis C infection (HCV). CKD is typically discovered at a late stage. HCV-nephropathy may show different histopathologic patterns, as both glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage have been described. Identification of patients with early renal manifestations would be beneficial to provide treatment and avoid progression to CKD. The observational prospective single-center HCVKID study assessed the prevalence of early renal manifestations in patients with chronic HCV and compared these patients with HCV-negative healthy controls cross-sectionally. HCV-positive patients with and without renal manifestations were also compared to define biomarkers suitable for identifying early manifestations in standard clinical practice. Tubular proteinuria as judged by urine α 1-microglobulin was the most common early renal manifestation found in 11% in HCV-positive patients, followed by hematuria in 8%. Kidney filtration was statistically significantly lower among HCV-positive patients with renal manifestation according to any calculation method. There were no significant differences in duration of infection or stage of liver fibrosis between patients with or without renal manifestations. Tubular cell damage may be the earliest sign of renal dysfunction caused by HCV. Complement activation also correlates with the dysfunction, indicating of contribution to HCV-induced renal manifestations even in their early phase.
Preparation for airway management in Australia and New Zealand ICUs during the COVID -19 pandemic
Authors: Brewster David J. , Nickson Christopher P. , McGloughlin Steve , Pilcher David , Sarode Vineet V. , Gatward Jonathan J.
Published: May 2021

Background

This paper aimed to describe the airway practices of intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand specific to patients presenting with COVID-19 and to inform whether consistent clinical practice was achieved. Specific clinical airway guidelines were endorsed in March 2020 by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) and College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM).

Methods and findings

Prospective, structured questionnaire for all ICU directors in Australia and New Zealand was completed by 69 ICU directors after email invitation from ANZICS. The online questionnaire was accessible for three weeks during September 2020 and analysed by cloud-based software. Basic ICU demographics (private or public, metropolitan or rural) and location, purchasing, airway management practices, guideline uptake, checklist and cognitive aid use and staff training relevant to airway management during the COVID-19 pandemic were the main outcome measures. The 69 ICU directors reported significant simulation-based inter-professional airway training of staff (97%), and use of video laryngoscopy (94%), intubation checklists (94%), cognitive aids (83%) and PPE “spotters” (89%) during the airway management of patients with COVID-19. Tracheal intubation was almost always performed by a Specialist (97% of ICUs), who was more likely to be an intensivist than an anaesthetist (61% vs 36%). There was a more frequent adoption of specific airway guidelines for the management of COVID-19 patients in public ICUs (94% vs 71%) and reliance on specialist intensivists to perform intubations in private ICUs (92% vs 53%).

Conclusion

There was a high uptake of a standardised approach to airway management in COVID-19 patients in ICUs in Australia and New Zealand, likely due to endorsement of national guidelines.
Student challenges and learning strategies at Hong Kong EMI universities
Authors: Pun Jack , Jin Xina
Published: May 2021

The rapid trend towards globalization has led to the expansion of English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) in tertiary education. The academic challenges faced by non-native speakers have been broadly discussed in Anglophone countries, whilst those learning through EMI in the Chinese context are still underexplored. To examine Chinese EMI university students’ perceived language challenges in learning, as well as their language-related learning strategies, this study investigated 73 students studying at EMI universities in Hong Kong, taking account of their gender, EMI experience in higher education, and English exposure prior to tertiary education. Participants completed a survey to provide self-evaluations of their academic situation and their perceptions of their disciplinary learning. The study found that students perceived a relatively low level of language and learning challenges, and they showed a preference for using their second language (L2)-related learning strategies over strategies related to their first language. Specifically, male students tended to be more actively engaged in communication with their peers than females, and were more likely to search for additional learning support in English. In addition, first-year undergraduates perceived a greater degree of challenges in knowledge application and relied more on L2-related learning strategies than their senior counterparts. Although the importance of English exposure prior to higher education has been highlighted in many existing studies, this study found that prior exposure to English was neither connected with students’ perceived challenges nor their learning strategies.
The effect of different types of in ovo selenium injection on the immunity, villi surface area, and growth performance of local chickens
Authors: Krisnan Rantan , Retnani Yuli , Tangendjaja Budi , Mutia Rita , Jayanegara Anuraga , Wina Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Background and Aim: The presence of free radicals may lower chicken's performance. Thus, the antioxidant defense is needed and can be made through a nutritional approach such as selenium supplementation before hatches. This study aimed to investigate the type of selenium that, as an in ovo feeding (IOF) material, can provide the most enhancement of immunity, villi surface area, and early growth performance of local chickens. Materials and Methods: This study, with a completely randomized design, used 480 fertile Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB, a selected local breed) chicken eggs, with 120 eggs per treatment for four treatments. The four treatments of IOF material included the treatment with organic selenium yeast (SY), organic hydroxy-selenomethionine (HSM), inorganic sodium selenite (SS), and uninjected selenium (control). A solution containing 0.15 ppm of different selenium was injected into the egg amnion after 18 days of incubation. Once hatched, the chicks were placed in three individual cages for each treatment (capacity of eight birds per cage). The parameters observed were the villi surface area, antibody titer, the number of total and differentiated leucocytes, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity levels, and growth and feed efficiency of the early growth performance. Results: All the in ovo selenium feeding, except SS, significantly affected the villi surface area, antibody titer, and lymphocyte and heterophil percentages; however, the feedings were still not optimal for enhancing antibody titers and total and differentiated leukocytes. All types of selenium were demonstrated to increase the activity of GSH-Px significantly compared to the control treatment (p<0.05). Furthermore, the daily gain and feed conversion ratio of the groups treated with SY and HSM was significantly improved compared to that of the control group. Conclusion: In ovo SY and HSM improve immunity significantly, villi surface areas and performance. Therefore, both types are the best nutrient ingredients of IOF for building immunity and producing good performance in chickens.
Basic considerations on the practical method for predicting sound insulation performance of a single-leaf window
Authors: Tsukamoto Yohei , Sakagami Kimihiro , Okuzono Takeshi , Tomikawa Yoshihiro
Published: May 2021

As a basic study of a practical method for predicting the sound insulation performance of windows, this report presents a study of the sound reduction index of windows with single glazing, below a critical frequency. First, the results calculated by an existing theory for a single plate for the sound reduction indices are compared with measured results of actual windows to assess the theory’s applicability for evaluating the sound insulation performance of windows. Then, a regression analysis is employed to measure the results of a certain number of actual windows to explore a further development of a more practical prediction. The following findings were obtained: (1) Sound reduction indices of actual fixed windows are predictable using Sewell’s transmission theory for a single plate. However, sound reduction indices of openable windows, especially those of sliding windows, are strongly affected by gaps in the window frame. Therefore, predicting sound reduction indices of all windows accurately is difficult if using only one theory. (2) The frequency slope of the window reduction index is much lower than that of the mass law. Regression analyses indicate that the frequency slope of the reduction index of all examined windows is 3.0 dB per octave, on average.
O CIBERESPAÇO COMO PRODUTO E (RE)PRODUTOR DO ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO
Authors: Vian Henrique Caetano
Published: May 2021

Perante às mais diversas entidades organizadoras do mundo contemporâneo, como os Estados e as grandes corporações, a instrumentalização das redes nos bastidores do crescente fluxo tecnológico se dá como chave para o domínio e controle de incontáveis aspectos sociais, culturais, econômicos e políticos na atualidade. O ciberespaço, enquanto produto e (re)produtor do espaço geográfico se caracteriza como um instrumento, por excelência, do poder. Mas para quais fins ele é utilizado? E quais são seus efeitos, no que diz respeito à transformação do espaço geográfico? Este artigo visou destacar o ciberespaço enquanto produto imaterial das condições materiais da realidade, capaz de reconfigurar a própria materialidade que o gerou, sob interesses específicos. Para a compreensão deste processo, em um primeiro momento objetivou-se abordar o contexto e o processo espaço-temporal da produção do ciberespaço por meio da origem e do desenvolvimento dele ao longo das últimas décadas. Em sequência, o ciberespaço foi analisado como um produto socioespacial, mas também como um (re)produtor de transformações, dinâmicas e ressignificações no/do espaço geográfico. Por fim, a discussão foi direcionada ao objetivo – urgente – de debater a vulnerabilidade social no espaço (i)material pelo processo de individualização, despersonalização e fragmentação dos indivíduos, potencializado cada vez mais pelas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs).
RATZEL E A INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DA GEOGRAFIA MODERNA
Authors: Martins de Souza Rita de Cássia
Published: May 2021

Esse trabalho é resutlado da palestra apresentada em 29/05/2019 em evento comemorativo do Dia do Geógrafo organizada pelo PET Geografia-UFU. Este trabalho faz parte do desenvolvimento da pesquisa financiada pela FAPEMIG sob o título: “A geografia produzida em Minas Gerais: os cursos de Geografia na UFMG, UFJF, UNIMONTES, UNIFAL e UFU e seu papel na estruturação do território mineiro”. Processo: APQ-01851-15. Entre os propositores da disciplina Geografia, Ratzel tem lugar reservado entre os pioneiros geógrafos. Suas contribuições são de ordem temática e teórico-metodológica, numa proposta multidisciplinar trazendo luz à fusão e ao deslocamento dos homens na superfície do planeta, aproximando distintas disciplinas em formação no século XIX como a etnologia, a ecologia, a história, sociologia e a própria geografia.  Ao lado de sua decisiva participação quanto à sistematização da Geografia, Ratzel desempenhou importante papel na sua institucionalização. Foi professor na Politécnica de Munique e na Universidade de Leipzig onde introduziu a sua Antropogeografia. O autor foi responsável também por propor a divisão da disciplina em 3 subcampos: Biogeografia; Antropogeografia; Geografia Física que ainda hoje marcam o currículo dos cursos de Geografia no mundo todo.
A EXPANSÃO DO CULTIVO DE CANA DE AÇÚCAR NA MICRORREGIÃO DE UBERABA E A PRODUÇÃO DE LEITE
Authors: Tamborin Celso Vítor , Santos Rosselvelt José
Published: May 2021

A reflexão que segue tem como objetivo discutir as dinâmicas socioespaciais da produção de leite no contexto da expansão canavieira na microrregião de Uberaba, localizado na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba no Estado de Minas Gerais. Neste propósito, o texto traz informações sobre os processos de cultivo das lavouras de cana-de-açúcar na área de estudo. Analisamos os processos de reocupação das áreas agricultáveis, identificando as transformações e impactos socioeconômicos na área de estudo. Os dados produzidos pelo IBGE foram organizados por município considerando a produção de cana-de-açúcar e da agropecuária leiteira entre os anos de 2006 a 2016, pois trata-se de um período de importantes transformações socioprodutivas na microrregião. As mutações no espaço indicam a territorialização do setor sucroalcooleiro. Na exposição dos resultados da pesquisa discutimos as práticas do agronegócio e o surgimento de paisagens homogêneas, principalmente nos municípios onde se encontram instaladas as plantas das usinas processadoras de cana. Com relação a pecuária leiteira, o leite produzido nas propriedades rurais dos municípios que compõem a microrregião, em geral, apresentou, no período analisado queda considerável, sendo possível relacionar essa diminuição com a expansão ao monocultivo da cana-de-açúcar.
A CARTOGRAFIA ESCOLAR PARA COMPREENDER AS DINÂMICAS E ESPECIFICIDADES REGIONAIS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: QUESTÕES TEÓRICAS E PRÁTICAS
Authors: Da Costa Alamy Pedro , Barbosa Tulio
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho busca superar a linguagem técnica dos livros didáticos que apresentam mapas e elementos da ciência cartográfica no ensino de Geografia, pois não propõem os livros didáticos um trabalho que revele as condições vividas pelos sujeitos nas suas regiões com uma sistematização didática e pedagógica que consiga direcionar os estudantes para um caminho amplo de entendimento das relações do que seja a cartografia com suas especificidades e sua vivência naquela região com suas particularidades, ou seja, os trabalhos desenvolvidos com cartografia sinalizam a localização, duração e diferenciação, mas ignoram aspectos de vivência que também estão mapeadas e organizadas a partir de duração, intensidade e extensão, mas em outras linguagens e símbolos, com os quais os estudantes do ensino fundamental precisam dominar.
CATEGORIAS GEOGRÁFICAS: ESTUDO METODOLÓGICO DE ENSINO DA PAISAGEM, TERRITÓRIO E LUGAR
Authors: Carvalho de Sousa Fátima Daniela
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho debruça-se ao estudo dos métodos didáticos para o ensino dos conceitos geográficos: lugar, paisagem, território e região. Partindo do pressuposto de que todos os temas estudados pela Geografia têm como fundamento suas categorias principais, o objetivo proposto é fazer da aprendizagem significativa o principal pilar para a assimilação dos conceitos e; assim, absorver a síntese fundamental para formação do pensamento geográfico, logo entendemos que o estudo de caso apresenta a luz da aprendizagem significativa como abordagem prática dos conceitos. O objeto de estudo é o local de moradia, e a rotina desenvolvida por indivíduos ou por movimentos feitos em comunidade que apresentam reflexos diretos no espaço geográfico e na relação humana estabelecida nele. Através das análises e reflexões das relações estabelecidas entre os agentes e os ambientes de vivencia, foi possível constatar níveis de percepção da essência social construída, e das noções de direito e cidadania subempregados. Observar as lacunas que separam a aprendizagem eficiente, promotora do pensamento crítico e o desemparo das políticas públicas de educação, força a busca por alternativas que driblem os gargalos impostos aos usuários do ensino público. A triangulação entre os documentos bases, o conteúdo programático e a rotina estabelecida nas instituições transbordam informações que traçam prognósticos analíticos eficientes na busca pela significação da aprendizagem proposta nesta discussão.
ESPAÇO AGRÁRIO, MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: Pontuações para debate
Authors: Da Fonseca Valter Machado , Ferreira Silva Carmen Lucia
Published: May 2021

Este artigo surge da necessidade de se discutir os aspectos culturais que determinam a identidade dos “sujeitos” que sobrevivem da terra, em desigualdade de condições com os agentes do capital inter/multi/transnacional que se instalaram no espaço agrário brasileiro. Para tanto, utiliza como metodologia as experiências dos autores junto aos movimentos camponeses, pesquisa documental e bibliográfica sobre o tema. Os autores indagam sobre o conceito de Educação do Campo e seu papel na formação e trabalho docentes, a identidade do sujeito que vive da terra, as metodologias educacionais e práticas didático-pedagógicas que auxiliem os camponeses a compreenderem seu lugar no campo brasileiro. Conclui-se que a Educação do Campo expressa uma síntese dos movimentos sociais do campo em suas contribuições aos processos de formação pedagógica e cidadã.
AS UNIVERSIDADES NO PROJETO TERRITORIAL DO BRASIL: EDUCAÇÃO, GEOGRAFIA E MODERNIDADE
Authors: Martins de Souza Anselmo Rita de Cássia
Published: May 2021

O ensino superior sempre se constituiu num imenso desafio à sociedade brasileira, tendo a instalação das universidades se dado muito tardiamente. Apenas no século XX é que efetivamente se dá um processo de alargamento do ensino superior à população de forma mais geral o que reflete o próprio movimento da formação social brasileira. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma discussão sobre a instalação das universidades enquanto objetos técnicos com caráter geoestratégico no projeto territorial brasileiro e faz-se algumas ponderações sobre o papel dos cursos de geografia nesse processo.
UMA EDUCAÇÃO NA PRÁXIS: O DIÁLOGO COMO CAMINHO PARA A EDUCAÇÃO LIBERTADORA
Authors: Nunes Silva Marlon , Souza Pereira Alan Kenneth
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho consiste na análise da obra Pedagogia do Oprimido de Paulo Freire onde se questiona o modelo tradicional de educação denominado pelo autor como “educação como depósito bancário”. Sendo este modelo um instrumento de dominação das classes dominantes, um modelo que não valoriza o saber do educando e vê apenas o educador como o detentor do conhecimento e que reforça ainda mais a dicotomia opressor-oprimido. Em contrapartida, Paulo Freire propõe um novo modelo de educação que parte do princípio do diálogo e a relevância da vivencia do educando no processo educacional, valorizando suas experiências e propondo uma construção do conhecimento coletiva, que se baseia numa práxis dialógica.
O BEAT DAS PERIFERIAS NAS MÃOS DO CAPITAL
Authors: Fernandes Alves Vinícius
Published: May 2021

Crônica que tem como objetivo retratar um pouco do cotidiano e dos processos geográficos visíveis e invisíveis que estruturam e sedimentam a cidade.
The Suffrage of Foreigners in the Municipal Elections from 2011 to 2019 in Spain
Authors: Moya Malapeira David , Viñas Alba
Published: May 2021

The current study takes stock of the accumulated experience in political participation at municipal elections of non-EU citizens in 2011, 2015 and 2019. It does so by framing the data and outcomes within the existing regulatory framework in Spain, a framework that very strongly conditions such participation. The text reviews the implications of the model of selective recognition of the right to vote (based on the voter’s nationality), and analyzes certain legal conditions steaming from the requirements of reciprocity, residence or previous census registration. The authors consider that the cumulative impact of those conditions is responsible for the very low electoral turnout in non-EU citizens participation. Lastly, the authors present some ideas to overcome such effect and make the most of the present model, at least until its replacement in municipal elections by a truly universal suffrage model.
Combined Effects of Cultural-Linguistic Proximity and Naturalization on Political Integration of First-Generation Immigrants
Authors: Lobera Josep , Pérez-Nievas Santiago , Rama José
Published: May 2021

Although the under-participation of ethnic minorities in the electoral field is frequently observed, the nuances of their political engagement remain relatively unexplored by scholars. Particularly, little empirical analysis has attempted to identify the barriers faced by first-generation immigrants to adopt a party preference in their host country. Drawing on a unique survey data with a large sample of first-generation immigrants (N= 2,648) in a new migration country (Spain), this article explores the relevance of different set of factors (cultural proximity vs immigration status) in explaining the acquisition of a party preference among this minority population. We find that cultural proximity (as defined by the country of origin: Latin-American vs the rest) is a strong predictor for the acquisition of a party preference. Additionally, our results suggest that the predictive strength of this factor is reinforced through a naturalization regime that facilitates full political rights to culturally closer immigrants, thus reinforcing their a priori better conditions for political integration. Finally, the results also suggest that permissive (rather than restrictive) naturalization policies might work better to secure the political integration of migrant minorities.
Colombian-Spanish Migrants in London since the Great Recession
Authors: Bermúdez Anastasia , Cuberos-Gallardo Francisco J.
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the (dis)integration processes of Colombian-Spanish migrants arriving in London since the 2008 economic crisis, as the background to understand their political attitudes and participation. It is based on data from qualitative quantitative fieldwork, complemented with statistical and bibliographical sources. From a transnational perspective that takes into account the home country and more than one destination, the results indicate that the context of the Great Recession in Spain and Brexit in the United Kingdom have had diverse impacts in migrants’ integration processes, which are appreciable in their remigration trajectories, work and social experiences, but also in their political interests, participation and ideologies. From this data, we confirm the need to interpret migrants’ complex mobilities and their political participation based on a broader conception of integration processes, which includes their multidimensional character and reversible condition, and reflects the growing diversity of (im)mobile political experiences in contexts of crises.
animateurs et animatrices de jeux et de variétés télévisés. Un double confinement de genres
Authors: Laurence Leveneur
Published: May 2021

Les émissions de divertissement ont souvent été considérées comme plus propices que les programmes d’information à l’insertion professionnelle des femmes, en particulier dans les fonctions d’animation ou de production. Mais la catégorie « divertissement » recouvre des programmes divers : jeux, émissions de variétés, émissions pour la jeunesse, télé-réalité, etc. Afin de prendre la mesure de ce cantonnement des femmes à certains genres télévisuels, nous avons choisi d’étudier la place de celles qui ont occupé des fonctions d’animation, parfois doublées d’un rôle de productrices, dans deux genres historiquement corrélés : les jeux et les variétés télévisées. Partant d’extractions issues des bases archives et dépôt légal de l’Institut National de l’Audiovisuel, complétées par la lecture de documents écrits et le visionnage de plusieurs programmes, nous proposons ici de revenir sur ce qui semble être une ségrégation à plusieurs facettes, un confinement à certains rôles et à certains types de programmes. Nous montrerons alors que la place accordée aux femmes animatrices et productrices dans ces deux genres télévisuels reste somme toute très inégale comparée à leurs homologues masculins.
PROBLEMATIKA GUGUS TUGAS DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG (HUMAN TRAFFICKING)
Authors: Resa Meysasi Kirana , Jaya Nyoman Serikat Putra
Published: May 2021

Kasus perdagangan manusia yang melibatkan anak di bawah umur di Kota Semarang mengalami peningkatan tajam dalam satu tahun terakhir. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa peran Gugus Tugas masih belum optimal dalam melakukan pencegahan dan penanganan kasus perdagangan orang di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan problematika gugus tugas dalam melakukan upaya pencegahan dan penanganan tindak pidana perdagangan orang di Kota Semarang. Dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: problematika gugus tugas dapat ditinjau dari dua faktor yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Ditinjau dari faktor internal, problematika gugus tugas ialah berkaitan erat dengan instansi atau lembaga itu sendiri, sedangkan ditinjau dari faktor eksternal, problematika gugus tugas ialah berkaitan dengan pihak-pihak luar seperti misalnya dari korban maupun dari pelaku TPPO itu sendiri.
POLITIK HUKUM PENYELENGGARAAN SISTEM PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL YANG RESPONSIF DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Astomo Putera
Published: May 2021

Di Indonesia, pendidikan menjadi prioritas utama karena tuntutan globalisasi. Pemerintah fokus untuk membangun Sistem Pendidikan Nasional yang berbasis pada pengembangan sumber daya manusia sesuai Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Keseriusan pemerintah terlihat melalui politik hukum pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur bidang pendidikan. Paper ini bertujuan mengkaji tentang bagaimana terwujudnya politik hukum yang responsif dalam penyelenggaraan Sistem Pendidikan Nasional di era globalisasi. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah apakah politik hukum pemerintah di bidang pendidikan sudah responsif? Penyelenggaraan sistem pendidikan nasional yang responsif di era globalisasi menuntut partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan hukum di bidang pendidikan.
Postmonocentryczny ład społeczny i jego dynamiczny charakter: Dwie przeciwstawne konstelacje kulturowe
Authors: Ziółkowski Marek
Published: May 2021

Niniejszy artykuł jest przedrukiem tekstu będącego wstępem teoretycznym do opublikowanej w roku 1993 pracy zbiorowej Polacy wobec ładu postmonocentrycznego. Społeczeństwo polskie i jego instytucje w 1992 roku. Omawia on podstawowy kierunek rozpoczętej w Polsce w roku 1989 wielkiej transformacji systemowej, wykorzystując w tym celu klasyczne Parsonsowskie przeciwstawienie dwóch przeciwstawnych układów zmiennych wzoru oraz Stanisława Ossowskiego czterech typów ładu społecznego. Pokazuje on, jak „rdzeń transformacji”, czyli podejmowane zgodnie z „interesem teoretycznym” działania modernizacyjne w gospodarce, polityce i kulturze napotykają na wywodzący się z różnych źródeł opór społeczny. Tekst publikowany jest w przekonaniu, że może on stanowić znakomite nawiązanie do Karla Polanyi’ego koncepcji double movement (przywoływanej w niniejszym tonie w artykule Macieja Kassnera), pokazując w szczególności, że opór wobec wprowadzania gospodarki rynkowej miał nie tylko ekonomiczny, ale znacznie szerszy, tj. społeczno-kulturowy charakter.