bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A clinicopathological study to determine age specific prevalence rate of benign breast lumps
Authors: Hussian Noor Hassan , Mohanta Pradip Kumar , Biswas Subikash , Besra Siddhabrata , Pal Sabuj , Roy Debasish
Published: September 2019

Background: The pathogenesis involves disturbance in the breast physiology extending from an extreme normality to well defined disease processes. The clinician must provide a degree of diagnostic accuracy while at same time ensuring that an excessive biopsy rate is prevented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benign breast lumps in different age groups and to determine the prevalence of benign breast lumps among the breast symptomatic.Methods: This clinico-pathological cross sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 100. The study was conducted during the period from July 2018 to June 2019 which included all patients presenting with benign breast lump during the study period.Results: Out of 100 studied cases of benign breast diseases, the most common benign breast tumor found as fibro adenoma and majority of the fibro adenoma found in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life. Right breast and upper outer quadrant were most commonly affected. Majority of benign breast lesions presented with painless lump in the breast and most of them were from rural background. Majority of benign Breast lumps (45%) cases were found in the age group of 21-30 years. Majority of the patients (60%) attain menarche between ages 13-15 years. Majority of cases (55%) were belonged to lower socio economic status.Conclusions: Our study indicates that FNAC is diagnostically more accurate, safe, cost effective and OPD procedure, however when FNAC was inconclusive, biopsy is the best choice for breast tumors.
Intramuscular cavernous haemangioma of the triceps brachii: a rare tumour with good prognosis
Authors: Alexander Leon
Published: September 2019

Intramuscular cavernous hemangiomas are a sub-type of deep soft tissue hemangiomas most commonly presenting in the lower extremities. This report highlights the rare occurrence of these tumours in the upper extremity (triceps muscle) in which only a handful of cases have been reported in literature. The tumour was treated pre-operatively with embolization and sclerotherapy followed by complete excision of the lesion along with the lateral head of triceps. Following complete removal, the patient has been symptom-free for almost one year with no recurrence reported to date. In conclusion, early diagnosis and timely intervention can help prevent complications like neurovascular compromise, minimise recurrence and lead to excellent functional outcomes with minimal morbidity as exemplified in this case.
A case report of cardiac tamponade following blunt chest trauma
Authors: Mehta Vidhi , Shambhu Pallavi , Prabhakar S.
Published: September 2019

Traumatic cardiac tamponade due to blunt chest injury is a life threatening and time-critical emergency that requires early recognition and prompt management often alongside other resuscitative considerations. We present here a case of 25 year old male with history of blunt chest trauma with hypotension and raised central pressures. The patient was taken up for exploratory laparotomy which proved negative and the central tendon bulge of diaphragm was seen. Hence, the decision was made to examine the pericardial space via thoracotomy to find cardiac tamponade of 400 cc. Immediate intra- operative stabilization of vitals was seen on relieving the intra pericardial pressures. Any patient with severe blunt chest trauma, disproportionate hypotension that is not responding to fluid resuscitation along with elevated central venous pressures should be thoroughly evaluated for cardiac tamponade.
Seroprevalence and determinants of hepatitis B viral status in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in an urban community of Oyo state, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Ajibola , Israel Oluseyi Kikelomo , Aremu Olatayo Ayodele , Akinwumi Adebowale Femi
Published: September 2019

Background: The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is assuming an epidemic proportion globally, causing grave hepatic and other complications. Mother-to-child transmission is one of the main ways of acquiring the disease. It is thus incumbent on researchers to delve more into the epidemiology of HBV. The objectives of this study is to assess respondents’ knowledge on HBV, estimated the burden of the disease among pregnant women attending antennal clinics in Ogbomoso, Nigeria and identified significant determinants of HBV positive status of the participants.Methods: This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 pregnant women recruited using systematic random technique. Pretested interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out.Results: Mean age of the respondents was 34±10 years, 90.5% of the respondents were 20-40 years old. HBV awareness level among the respondents was 51.8% and more than half (59.5%) of them possessed poor knowledge of the virus. Twelve percent (12.0%) of the respondents were seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Significant determinants of HBsAg positivity were; Level of education (AOR=0.11, CI=1.56-3.47), Socio-economic class (AOR=3.23, CI=1.48-3.02) and family type (AOR=4.51, CI=0.19-0.35).Conclusions: The burden of HBV was high among pregnant women in the study population. Awareness and knowledge of the respondent was low. Authors recommend aggressive awareness campaigns on the disease. Improving the socio-economic conditions of women will go a long way in reducing the scourge of this dreadful disease in Nigeria.
Healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia perceive stress differently according to gender but not in cortisol levels: an immunoassay study
Authors: Governo Ricardo J. M. , Alyusuf Danah A. , Gard Paul R.
Published: September 2019

Background: Working in the healthcare sector is generally regarded as stress inductive, which hampers performance, yet one demanding constant accuracy. This dichotomy has led to numerous investigations on the impact from perceived stress on hospital workers but focused primarily on employing psychological methods to determine perceived stress. This study sought to employ an arguably more objective measure of chronic stress on female healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia, by assaying the concentration of hair cortisol (HCC) in parallel with stress questionnaires.Methods: Pharmacists, nurses and lab workers participated in providing hair samples. Cortisol levels were subsequently quantified using immunoassay methods. Investigations considered the variables of age, gender, and smoking, hair coloring or bleaching or working in shifts on both stress perception and HCC.Results: On average chronic stress was perceived comparably between the different healthcare professions and not differ significantly against the female control group. However, chronic stress differed significantly between genders within the healthcare profession. In contrast, HCC levels showed no direct relation to stress perception with respect to either gender or profession. HCC did, however, show steady decreases with respect to age, as an indirect measure of experience, that contrasted against the identical scores for stress perception. Finally, night shifts, smoking or hair colouring did not produce a significant change on HCC in the healthcare cohorts.Conclusions: Women in the healthcare profession perceive stress higher irrespective of profession compared to men. Also show a pattern of decreasing levels of cortisol with increasing age despite reporting similar stress perception against younger participants.
Status of healthcare waste management in small and medium sized healthcare facilities in Nakuru East Sub County, Kenya
Authors: Kebati Reuben , Mawenzi Ramadhan L. , Justus Osero
Published: September 2019

Background: Health care waste (HCW) is unwanted materials produced from hospitals, laboratories and research centres. HCW is of public health importance because hazardous HCW carries significant health risks. If poorly handled, it can lead to significant public health crises. Consequently, guidelines for proper management of HCW have been legislated. Unfortunately, not all healthcare facilities adhere to the guidelines. Diseases spread by inadequately disposed HCW are becoming increasingly prevalent especially in developing nations. This study was therefore conducted to establish the status of HCW management in six purposefully selected healthcare facilities in Nakuru East Sub-County (NESC), Kenya.Methods: A cross sectional study design was used to conduct this study. Six healthcare facilities (HCFs) in NESC, Kenya were purposefully selected. The HCFs were selected based on level and patient volumes and categorised as small or medium sized. HCW from each of the HCFs was weighed and categorised. Observation checklists and interviews were used to determine techniques used in HCW management.Results: The total weekly weight of HCW was 187.65 kg (mean 31.3 kg). Small sized HCF produced 49.55 kg/week while medium sized HCFs produced 138.1 kg/week. Total weekly weight of general HCW was 143.7 kg (76.5%); 33.8 kg (18%) was infectious while 10.2 kg (5.4%) was sharps.Conclusions: Healthcare facilities in NESC produce significant quantities of HCW. General HCW was predominant, followed by infectious waste and sharps. A considerable proportion of the HCFs did not comply with the stipulated guidelines for safe management of HCW. Concerned authorities in all HCFs should be alert and proactive regarding proper management of HCW.
Effectiveness of adolescent health education among secondary and senior secondary school girls in rural Bangalore
Authors: Kishor Dharini , Madaiah Madhusudan , Munipapanna Santhosh , Sonnappa Suresha Doddasabbenahalli
Published: September 2019

Background: Adolescence is a phase of transition from childhood to adulthood. It is during this period that the adolescents acquire sexual and reproductive maturity. Health education given to adolescent girls helps build their knowledge, motivates them to improve and maintain their health, prevent diseases and reduce risky behaviors among them hence the study was done to assess the effectiveness of health education among rural adolescent girls.Methods: An educational interventional study was carried out among adolescent girls in one secondary and one senior secondary school in Hoskote, rural Bangalore. Initial survey was done to assess the baseline knowledge regarding adolescent health issues using semi structured, self-administered questionnaire. Health educational sessions were conducted using audio-visual aids such as slide presentations, charts, posters and handouts. The education was followed by an interactive session with the students to clarify doubts and the impact of intervention was assessed.Results: The study comprised of 150 students (75 secondary and 75 senior secondary school girls). It was found that overall general knowledge regarding adolescent changes, menstruation and menstrual hygiene, pregnancy, contraception and sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS was poor among the study participants. Following educational session statistically significant improvement was observed among the students as detected by improved correct response rates.Conclusions: Study successfully proved that adolescent health education was effective in improving the knowledge among adolescent girls in rural area.
Assessment of hand hygiene practices among health care providers in a government tertiary care hospital
Authors: Semwal Richa , Yadav Shiv Kumar , Piyush A. R. , Nath Bhola
Published: September 2019

Background: Hand hygiene practices either by hand rub by disinfectant or hand washing by soap and water are very important for preventing Health care-associated infections (HCAIs). WHO have devised guidelines for hand rub and hand wash and advocated “My five moments for hand hygiene” as the approach for appropriate performance, teaching and evaluation of hand hygiene. The objective of this study is to observe hand hygiene practices, among health care providers in a tertiary care govt. hospital and document facilities available at the point of patient care for hand hygiene practices.Methods: A cross sectional observation study was conducted  in 8 departments of a Government Tertiary care Hospital for observation of hand hygiene practices as Per WHO Guideline on “5 Moment of Care”. Total of 600 observations were made and one Health care provider was observed once at a point of time. Data Entry was done in MS excel and was analysed in Open Epi software.Results: Among 600 moments observed, 354 (59%) moments were those where hand hygiene practices were missed by HCPs. Among various HCPs 63% Doctors, 62% Nurses, 52% Medical students and 59% nursing students missed the hand hygiene practices. Lack of antimicrobial soap, alcohol based agents, sterile towel and hand drier were perceived barriers for hand hygiene Practices.Conclusions: There lies a huge gap in practice of hand hygiene among all cadres of health care providers. The study is able to identify the lack of infrastructure which can be improved to promote hand hygiene in wards.
Awareness regarding risk factors of low back pain among medical students in Punjab
Authors: Singh Aman Dev , Rochwani Ritu , Sagar Ishan , . Riya
Published: September 2019

Background: Occupational health hazards are very common. With promotion of industrial life, the prevalence of low back pain has increased markedly during the past decades. Many factors at work could predispose people to develop musculoskeletal disorders. The goals of a medical school are to produce competent, professional doctors and promote health care of society. But during the period of medical training, students are exposed to stress, study problems, long training hours in hospital wards and clinics. In addition to the increasing use of computers in teaching and learning.Methods: This cross-sectional study will be carried out among medical students of new final year (n=145) in government medical college in Patiala Punjab during the period April 2018. Data collected from the students were analyzed and frequencies and percentage were presented for categorical variables.Results: Most of the students 68.27% had experienced back pain in 12 months period (excluding the premenstrual pain. Among 68.27% students 3.4% students suffered low back pain always, 10.34 % students suffered pain frequently and 58.62% students suffered pain seldom.Conclusions: There was high prevalence of LBP among medical students and many risk factors like lack of exercise, physical activities, carrying bag packs were present and it highlight a need for behavior change communication, education, counseling, and restructuring of the medical curriculum.
Patient-doctor ratio across nine super speciality clinics in government hospital: a cross sectional study
Authors: Pandey Avinash , Singh Anjana , Singh Shivkant , Kumar Amit
Published: September 2019

Background: There is lack of information regarding patient-doctor ratio in government hospitals in India. The aim of the present study was to measure patient-doctor ratio across nine super specialty clinics. The objectives were to measure Outpatient department (OPD) patient-faculty and patient-senior resident doctor ratio, to measure number of patients seen per unit time and time spent per patient in OPDs across nine super specialty clinics.Methods: Total number of OPD patient visits in year 2018 was retrieved for cardiology, gastroenterology, gastrointestinal surgery, neurology, neurosurgery, nephrology, urology, paediatric surgery and oncology. Number of faculties and senior residents working in above specialties were obtained. Ratio of OPD patients to faculties and senior residents across nine above clinics were derived and compared. The average time spend per patient in OPDs across nine above clinics was calculated by number of working days in year 2018 and number of working hours or day in OPD clinics, excluding public holidays.Results: Total 3,59,099 OPD patient visits were registered in year 2018 across nine super specialty clinics. Patient to faculty ratio was highest for gastroenterology followed by neurology and cardiology, while least for neurosurgery and paediatric surgery in descending order. Gastroenterology, neurology and oncology OPDs saw more than 200 patients per working day; with average time spend per patient consultation was two minutes. Compared to super specialty physicians who spend average of 2.2 minutes per patient consult, surgical disciplines used an average of ten minutes per patient for consultation.Conclusions:Super specialty clinics in government hospitals are over worked and under staffed with heavy patient load. Multiple parallel clinics in concerned specialty will provide more time and quality of services per patient.
Study on utilization of personal protective equipments by paramedical staffs: an institutional study at RIMS, Ranchi
Authors: Kiran Asha , Kumari Sushma , Kujur Manisha , Kashyap Vivek
Published: September 2019

Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) continues to play an integral role in prevention of transmission of infection in the healthcare setting. The objective of this study is to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of universal precautions for control of infection among health care workers.Methods: Cross sectional study were conducted at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi during the period of November 2018 to January 2019.  151 paramedical staffs were included as study population. Sampling method was consecutive sampling.Results: The present study included 151 paramedical staffs, based on our criteria about knowledge of PPEs, 88.7% (134) of participants had the knowledge, while 11.3% (17) did not have. 77% (116) of paramedical staffs received formal training while 23.2% (35) didn’t. 95.68% had the knowledge about PPEs who received training (116), while out of untrained person 65.71% already had knowledge about PPEs which is statistically significant. Departments which always use PPEs are emergency (50%) followed by pathology (16.6%) and Neurosurgery (13.3%) which is statistically significant. Those who frequently use PPEs, 89.6% had knowledge while 10.4% did not have. 85.4% of paramedical staff change gloves between procedures on same patient. Non availabilityof  PPEs inhibit maximum percentage of Paramedical staffs 72% towards use of PPEs followed by lack of  information and education 12% and uncomfortable PPEs 5%.Conclusions: Proper training should be provided to healthcare workers for universal precaution. Information about universal precaution can be spread in the form of posters in different wards.
Undernutrition and its association with socio-demographic factors among pregnant women attending tertiary health care hospital in northern Maharashtra: a cross sectional study
Authors: Rathod Mamta S. , Borde Anant N. , Patil Sarika P. , Bawa Mukesh S. , Gosavi Shriram , Pagar Vikrant , Kinge Amol , Chavan Sushant
Published: September 2019

Background: Maternal nutrition is one of the most important health and welfare problems among women in developing countries. Only limited research has been conducted on the prevalence and determinants of maternal nutritional status in Maharashtra. Particularly, data on the nutritional status of pregnant women are lacking. The aim of this was to assess prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among pregnant women attending antenatal care center.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted during September to December, 2018. Randomly selected 303 pregnant women were included in the study. Nutritional status was estimated using mid-upper-arm circumference. Data on potential determinants of undernutrition were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using logistic regression. p<0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant.Results: Overall prevalence of under-nutrition among study participants was 21.8%. Using a logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with the under nutrition were rural residence (AOR=0.675; 95%CI 0.307-1.485), having less than three years duration of marriage (AOR=6.650;95%CI 2.268-19.501), living with joint family (AOR=4.128;95%CI 1.606-10.611), no utilization of family planning methods (AOR=0.319; 95%CI 0.131-0.775), less no. of ANC visit (AOR=3.253; 95%CI 1.342-7.888) and having less frequency of meal (AOR=0.319 (0.149-0.683). Remaining all factors like religion, education, occupation, family size, gravida, parity, consumption of iron and calcium tablet, getting USG done, anti-tetanus vaccination, support from family and husband were not found as significant risk factors for undernutrition.Conclusions: Integrated approach is must to combat malnutrition among pregnant women.
Совершенствование системы управления программами и проектами на предприятиях военно-промышленного комплекса (история, методология, основные принципы внедрения, организационные)
Authors: Петров Михаил Николаевич , Чурсин Ростислав Андреевич
Published: September 2019

В данной статье освещены основные подходы к формированию корпоративных систем управления проектной деятельности в предприятиях военно-промышленного комплекса Российской Федерации. Произведён анализ этапов развития проектного управления, как самостоятельной области знаний. Осуществлён анализ и представлены основные направления развития методологии управления проектами в контексте формирования новой парадигмы проектного управления в России и зарубежом. Представлены основные положения авторской методики управления высокотехнологичными проектами в наукоёмком сегменте машиностроения. Приведены основные сдерживающие факторы внедрения современных проектных методов в предприятиях военно-промышленного комплекса. Предложены основные организационные решения для внедрения перспективных проектных методик. На основании представленных в настоящей статье материалов исследования сделаны необходимые выводы и обобщения.
DESVENDANDO A INFLUÊNCIA DA PERCEPÇÃO DE CORRUÇÃO SOBRE O PROGRESSO SOCIAL DE 133 PAÍSES DO GLOBO TERRESTRE
Authors: Miranda Ronaldo Leão , França Glaucius André , Hein Nelson Hein
Published: September 2019

Compreender a relação de influência que a corrupção exerce sobre o progresso social não é uma tarefa fácil, pois exige do pesquisador uma análise precisa sobre tais temas. Nesta perspectiva, esta pesquisa se propôs avaliar a influência da corrupção sobre o progresso social de 133 países do globo terrestre. Metodologicamente trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva em relação a seu objetivo, quanto aos procedimentos considera-se como levantamento de dados secundários a partir do sítio da Transparency International e das bases da Social Progress Imperative e quantitativa em relação à abordagem do problema. Sendo assim, os principais resultados evidenciaram que a cada 1% de aumento do índice de progresso social ocorre um aumento de 1,131 % no índice de percepção da corrupção, que é medido a partir do entendimento da população sobre os mecanismos de controle de corrupção na gestão pública.
O enfoque organizacional nas Chamadas Públicas de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural - ATER
Authors: Lüdtke Fabiana
Published: September 2019

A condição organizacional do desenvolvimento rural têm sido um tema pouco estudado. De forma geral, evidenciam-se aspectos organizacionais relacionados a formas coletivas de enfrentamento de situações e pouca atenção é dada ao fato de que políticas públicas e ações de desenvolvimento são gestadas e passam também por organizações. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho é refletir sobre o processo de editalização dos serviços de ATER do ponto de vista da questão organizacional. O texto procura destacar, baseado nas teorias burocrática e institucional, alguns aspectos organizacionais que tem condicionado o comportamento das organizações de extensão no processo. A ênfase é dada sobre os aspectos de eficiência e legitimidade. Demonstra-se que os requisitos de eficiência se tornam menos importantes que a legitimidade do processo. A ação cerimonial representada na estrutura da Chamada confere legitimidade à prática extensionista, ainda que obtenha menos legitimidade junto aos agricultores familiares.
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATERS QUALITY WITH DEPTH (8-60 m) in the ARBËRIA NEIGHBOURHOOD OF GJILAN MUNICIPALITY, KOSOVO
Authors: BELULİ Valdrin
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Gjilan is one of the largest cities
of the Republic of Kosovo. Groundwaters samples with depth (8-60) m have been
taken in this neighborhood called Arbëria, where the samples were taken in
three research areas. These groundwaters are used as drinking water and to
ascertain that these waters comply with the WHO regulation on chemical physical
parameters. Parameters analyzed
are: NO2- N, NO3- N, NH3-
N,,
HCO3-,
alkaline (A-HCl), carbonic strength (CS), NTU, pH
and conductivity in water (CW). The results of this study display the
quality of these groundwater based on the WHO regulation.
PROGRAMAS DE COMPLIANCE E A RESPONSABILIDADE DA EMPRESA NA FASE DE PÓS-CONSUMO DE LIXO ELETRÔNICO
Authors: Domingos Isabela Moreira do Nascimento , Blanchet Luiz Alberto
Published: September 2019

O Compliance Ambiental é um instrumento de inegável relevância e efetividade no cumprimento da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) implementada pela Lei n. 12.305/10, em especial, no tratamento de resíduos eletrônicos no pós-consumo. Assim, o estudo se torna necessário tendo em vista que as sanções criminais e aplicação de multa não são capazes de restabelecer o equilíbrio do meio ambiente. Com base na Agenda 2030, as empresas devem adotar políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável. Os programas de compliance atuam anteriormente à prática do delito, pela fiscalização de forma top-down e pela implementação de uma nova cultura ética de responsabilidade socioambiental das organizações, que envolvem o respeito ao ser humano e ao meio ambiente. Utiliza-se do método hipotético-dedutivo, com o apoio da análise jurisprudencial, bibliográfica e reportagens acerca do lixo eletrônico. Foi possível deduzir que a relevância do tema torna a prática do compliance obrigatória para o cumprimento das obrigações socioambientais, evitando denúncias junto a órgãos técnicos ambientais e à persecução criminal, que podem levar à desvalorização da marca e até mesmo à desconsideração da personalidade jurídica.
Automatic Aircraft Cabin Pressurization Systems
Authors: Sukhov Z.S. , Timofeev G.A.
Published: September 2019

This article presents a review of pneumatic, electro-pneumatic and digital systems for automatic pressure control in an airtight cabin and lists the types of aircraft where such systems are installed. Advanced algorithms for controlling the pressure in an airtight cabin are analyzed and literature on this topic is surveyed. The work of a Russian author that describes optimal control based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle is examined. The works of foreign authors on fuzzy PID-controller, L1-adaptive controller and other methods of adaptive pressurization are analyzed and brief results of these works are presented. The performed analysis indicates the need to use new methods and approaches to the synthesis of automatic pressure control systems for various types of aircraft. One of the most promising solutions is the use of adaptive regulators. The relevance of developing a virtual testing environment to reduce the cost of full-scale testing is shown.
АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АКТИВИРОВАННОГО УГЛЯ НА МИНИ-ТЭС
Authors: Афанасьева Ольга Валерьевна , Мингалеева Гузель Рашидовна
Published: September 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки технологических решений и аппаратурного оформления производства побочных продуктов на объектах малой распределенной энергетики. Большинство описанных в литературе и представленных на рынке объектов малой энергетики ориентированы на получение тепловой и электрической энергии, т.е. на работу по принципу когенерации. Получение побочных продуктов путем термической переработки твердого топлива позволит оптимизировать систему производства тепловой и электрической энергии на мини-ТЭС, повысить эффективность использования топлива, решить экологические проблемы, а также обеспечить ценными химическими продуктами близлежащие районы и потребителей. Цель: разработать конструкцию и провести расчет аппарата малой мощности для получения активированного угля на мини-ТЭС. Объект:аппарат малой мощности для получения активированного угля путем термической переработки твердого углеродсодержащего сырья в кипящем слое. Методы: гидродинамический расчет неизотермических струй в кипящем слое, тепловой расчет, расчет параметров газораспределительной решетки. Результаты. Разработана конструкция аппарата малой мощности для получения активированного угля на мини-ТЭС. В качестве прототипа установки выбрана конструкция реактора с кипящим слоем. Активатор представляет собой герметичный аппаратс перфорированной газораспределительной решеткой. Для рассматриваемого активатора выбрана наиболее простая перфорированная решетка с вертикальной ориентацией круглых отверстий, вогнутая к центру. Уголь поступает сверху через загрузочный патрубок и распределяется слоем на газораспределительной решетке, подача пара на активацию угля осуществляется в режиме струйного псевдоожижения через форсунки. Горячие газы, в качестве которых используются продукты сгорания топлива, подаются под решетку и приводят слой в псевдоожиженное состояние. Проведен гидродинамический и тепловой расчет аппарата, а именноопределена критическая скорость начала псевдоожижения, степень расширения слоя, расход продуктов сгорания, расчет изотермической струи в псевдоожиженном слое, определены параметры газораспределительной решетки: длина газового факела струи,площадь живого сечения решетки.
ПАРАГЕНЕЗИСЫ МИНЕРАЛОВ И ФОРМЫ ИХ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ – КАК ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ЭТАПОВ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ МЕДИСТЫХ ПЕСЧАНИКОВ И СЛАНЦЕВ
Authors: Трубачев Алексей Иванович , Корольков Алексей Тихонович , Радомская Татьяна Александровна
Published: September 2019

Актуальность. Генетические представления о генезисе месторождений медистых песчаников и сланцев активно обсуждаются в специальной литературе. Несмотря на различные подходы в этой дискуссии, исследование парагенезисов главных рудных минералов разновозрастных месторождений медистых песчаников и сланцев остается критерием достоверности выдвигаемых гипотез. Цель: на основе большого фактического материала по взаимоотношениям главных рудных минералов выделить этапы образования месторождений медистых песчаников и сланцев. Объекты: месторождения и рудопроявления медистых песчаников и сланцев Кодаро-Удоканской зоны и сравнительный анализ полученных результатов по другим 74 меденосным зонам. Методы: проведение геологоразведочных работ с изучением закономерностей размещения, условий образования, особенностей строения, вещественного состава месторождений и рудопроявлений медистых песчаников и сланцев; минераграфические исследования парагенезисов главных рудных минералов. Результаты. В рудах месторождений медистых песчаников и сланцев установлены многочисленные минералы, которые, срастаясь между собой, образуют парагенетические ассоциации, разделенные по степени распространения на главные, второстепенные и редкие, а по условиям формирования – на седиментационно-диагенетические, постдиагенетические и гипергенные. Между минералами отмечаются самые разнообразные структурные взаимоотношения (пластинчатые, решетчатые, взаимопроникающих границ, субграфические, замещения, зернистые, коррозионные, порфиробластические и др.). Наиболее характерны формы выделения отдельных минералов и их парагенезисов: вкрапленная, пятнистая, слоистая (параллельная, ритмично-пачечная, волнистая, косая), конкреционно-глобулярная, прожилковая, каемчатая, линзовидная, гнездовая, просечковая, колломорфная, порошковато-землистая, натечная и др., которые в целом отражают основные этапы формирования пород и руд месторождений медистых песчаников и сланцев: седиментогенез–диагенез–катагенез–метаморфизм–гипергенез. Формирование минералов, их парагенезисов и форм выделения определяется при седиментогенезе: величиной pH, карбонатностью среды, литолого-фациальной обстановкой, климатом; при диагенезе: величинами Eh и pH среды рудообразования, растворимостью сульфидов, концентрацией металлов, сульфат-ионов и H2S; при катагенезе и метаморфизме: повышенными температурами и давлениями, действием метаморфогенных и постмагматических растворов; при гипергенезе: реакциями окисления и восстановления, электрохимическими и бактериальными процессами, зависимыми от гипсометрии, тектоники, литологических особенностей, климата, минерального состава первичных руд.
МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПО ГЛУБИНЕ ТОРФЯНОЙ ЗАЛЕЖИ В ЭКОСИСТЕМАХ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЧАСТИ ВАСЮГАНСКОГО БОЛОТА (ЗАПАДНАЯ СИБИРЬ)
Authors: Савичев Олег Геннадьевич , Наливайко Нина Григорьевна , Рудмин Максим Андреевич , Мазуров Алексей Карпович
Published: September 2019

Актуальность определяется необходимостью учета взаимосвязей между распределением химических элементов по глубине торфяной залежи, процессами формирования, эволюции и деградации болот при решении целого ряда фундаментальных и прикладных задач изучения, использования и охраны болот. Цель: оценка микробиологических условий распределения химических элементов по глубине торфяной залежи и выявление связей между геохимическими и микробиологическими показателями торфов в восточной части Васюганского болота. Методы: методы химического и микробиологического анализа (включая масс-спектрометрический с индуктивно связанной плазмой), статистические методы. Результаты и выводы. Выполнен химический, минералогический и микробиологических анализ проб торфов и минерального грунта, отобранных 09.11.2018 г. в восточной части Васюганского болота (граница водораздела рек ключ и Гавриловка – элементов речной сети: (Ключ–Бакчар; Гавриловка–Икса) – Чая–Обь; внутриболотные экосистемы: олиготрофный грядово-мочажинный комплекс, гряда; олиготрофное сосново-кустарничково-сфагнового болота – рям; мезотрофное сосново-кустарничковое болото на границе ряма с заболоченным лесом – мезотрофная окраина. Показано, что, во-первых, болотная микрофлора является очень важным фактором распределения химических элементов по глубине торфяной залежи в различных внутриболотных экосистемах восточной части Васюганского болота. Вероятность накопления в торфах малорастворимых соединений кальция, железа и редкоземельных элементов возрастает по мере усиления анаэробных условий развития болотной микрофлоры, определяющих увеличение рН болотной среды до 7,8 и выше, что приводит к смещению карбонатного равновесия и выпадению малорастворимых соединений кальция. Во-вторых, возможность выведения из раствора гидроксидов железа является характерной особенностью геохимии торфяных болот на фоне незначительной, но постоянно наблюдаемой активности железобактерий, образующих гидроксиды железа. В-третьих, вследствие сорбционных процессов на гидроокислах железа (и малорастворимых соединениях кальция в нижних слоях торфяной залежи) происходит осаждение гидроокислов, фосфатов и карбонатов (возможно – сульфатов и сульфидов) ряда микроэлементов, включая редкоземельные элементы.
ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ ГИДРОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ СТРЕЖЕВСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД (ТОМСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ)
Authors: Дутова Екатерина Матвеевна , Кузеванов Константин Иванович , Кузеванов Константин Константинович
Published: September 2019

Актуальность работы связана с необходимостью текущего изучения качества подземных вод, используемых для водоснабжения населения и проблемами изменения химического состава подземных вод при эксплуатации. Эти изменения зависят как от природной ландшафтно-климатической и гидрогеохимической зональности, так и от режима эксплуатации водозабора. Обогащение подземных вод железом за счёт региональных особенностей геохимических условий приводит к неизбежному применению водоподготовки, эффективность которой может существенно изменяться под влиянием водоотбора. Цель работы: оценить возможное влияние гидродинамических условий, возникающих при длительной эксплуатации крупного водозабора, на изменение качества подземных вод эксплуатируемого месторождения. Методы. В основу работы положены результаты локального мониторинга на действующем водозаборе за длительный период наблюдений в рамках решения задач эксплуатационной разведки на действующем месторождении подземных вод. Обобщены данные наблюдений за положением статических уровней. Для исследования изменения химического состава подземных вод использованы материалы регулярного гидрогеохимического опробования, выполняющегося на водозаборе в рамках регламента режимных наблюдений, предусмотренных лицензионным соглашением. Количественная оценка процесса перетекания между водоносными горизонтами выполнена при помощи численного гидродинамического моделирования Результаты. Обработка результатов мониторинговых исследований показала, что в процессе интенсивной эксплуатации подземных вод возникают благоприятные условия для накопления железа в растворенной и трудно извлекаемой форме. Этому способствует образование органоминеральных комплексных соединений железа, плохо поддающихся удалению при стандартной водоподготовке на основе аэрирования. Причину таких техногенных процессов авторы связывают с изменением геохимической обстановки в зоне фильтров эксплуатационных скважин за счет подтягивания с поверхности кислых вод с высокой концентрацией органических соединений.
IDENTIFICATION OF CONTAMINATION OF SALMON MEAT BY DNA FROM BACTERIA OF THE PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS GROUP IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DNA BARCODING OF PRODUCTS OF JAPANESE CUISINE
Authors: Syromyatnikov M. Yu. , Kokina A. V. , Mehantev I. I. , Popov V. N.
Published: September 2019

DNA barcoding as a tool for genetic certification and identification of taxonomic membership of organisms has recently become very popular. We have applied DNA barcoding method for taxonomic identification of fish ingredients (salmon, tuna, flying fish roe, shark) in product of Japanese cuisine. We have analyzed 27 samples from 6 retail outlets and 3 restaurants of the city of Voronezh. It was found that for products designated as containing “salmon” in all selected outlets were used as a fillet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which is considerably less valuable than Pacific salmon. Results of DNA barcoding showed that one of the samples of «salmon» was in fact, yellowfin tuna, whereas one sample of “tuna” was a fillet of Atlantic salmon. However in general, the “salmon” and “tuna” samples were substituted infrequently. Analysis of “flying fish roe” samples revealed that only one sample from 6 was really Fourwing flyingfish (Hirundichthys affinis). The remaining samples were identified as DNA of capelin (Mallotus villosus). By analyzing the “double” sequences in 2 samples, we have found that two samples of «flying fish roe» were mixtures of Fourwing flyingfish roe and capelin roe. A sample labeled “shark” was identified as Mozambique tilapia. This species is a freshwater fish. Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens was identified in one of the “salmon” samples. Analysis of “double” sequences of “salmon” samples revealed presence of P. fluorescens DNA. Analysis of salmon meat with the use of species-specific primers for this bacterium revealed contamination of all samples by P. fluorescens. This bacterium causes the disease in salmon and can be harmful to patients with compromised immune systems. Primers used for DNA barcoding were shown to have high homology to DNA of bacterial group P. fluorescens.
THE INFLUENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS ON INDICES OF RED BLOOD OF DONORS OF THE INDUSTRIAL CITY
Authors: Elifanov Andrey V. , Solovyev V. S. , Lepunova O. N. , Frolova O. V. , Kovyazina O. L.
Published: September 2019

The problem of blood transfusion is closely associated with a reduction in the number of donors - people donating blood voluntarily, which is especially important for the modern industrial city. There was executed the study of the movement of the donation at the enterprises with harmful working conditions in the city of Tyumen. These enterprises with a large number of workers have the stable gain in persons willing to donate blood, but in parallel, there is increasing the number of persons receiving the allotment. In the work there was investigated an influence of occupational factors on indices (hemoglobin concentration, number of red blood cells, ESR, hematocrit, color index ) of the red blood of donors, with taking into account their gender and age. Results of the survey of 4 267 blood donors in 2011-2014 show an increase in the number of medical counterindications for donations, due to changes in red blood indices in persons, working at enterprises with harmful working conditions. In all examined men and women whose work is associated with harmful occupational factors, there was revealed a significant decline in hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte count. Objective hematologic observations along with subjective assessments of donors of their own health have shown the development of anemic syndrome - one of the main syndromes of lead professional pathology. It is necessary to continue the search for factors contributing to the increase in the share of the withdrawal of donors due to low hemoglobin concentration. It is recommended the supplement of industry reporting with stratified rates of the withdrawal of donors before donation and the development of an algorithm for the rehabilitation of exempted donors. Among the most promising measures for the maintenance and development of the donation at enterprises with harmful working conditions, specific plans for improving health including specific means and conditions for the recovery of the blood system should be developed.
HEALTH STATE OF CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS AND FACTORS AFFECTING ON ITS FORMATION
Authors: Luchaninova Valentina N. , Tsvetkova M. M. , Veremchuk L. V. , Krukovich E. V. , Mostovaya I. D.
Published: September 2019

In recent years there is the lack of investigations concerning the impact of climate on the state of children’s health. At the same time risks associated with the influence of genetic and biological factors in dependence on the age seem to be relevant. To assess the state of health of children and adolescents in dependence on the area of the residence as well as biological factors that form and determine the health throughout ontogenesis. There is presented the one stage study of 626 children and adolescents (aged of from 4 to 17 years) residing in three different bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai. There was executed both the comprehensive assessment of health in the each age group in dependence on the area of residence, and the factor analysis to determine the degree of the influence of factors on the health of children and adolescents in different bioclimatic zones. The main aims of the factor analysis are the decline of the number of variables (data reduction) and determination of the structure of interrelationships between variables. As a result, the method allowed to isolate from the large mass (73 factors) of the initial indices those factors that characterized features of the health of children and adolescents in certain climatic conditions in the process of growth and development over ontogenesis. After the iteration of the eigenvalues there were revealed factorial loads with coefficient > 0.5. The level of health in preschool children was revealed to be determined by pre- and postnatal factors, while in schoolchildren the role of the level of physical development and parameters of the functioning of most important organs and systems under the regulatory influence of neuro- endocrine system is increased. At the same time, the indices of these factors are statistically significantly differ in various bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai.
DIETARY PATTERNS AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH OF THE POPULATION (ESSE-RF) STUDY IN THE KEMEROVO REGION
Authors: Maksimov Sergey A. , Tabakaev M. V. , Danilchenko Y. V. , Mulerova T. A. , Indukaeva E. V. , Artamonova G. V.
Published: September 2019

Nutrition is the one of the most important factors of the formation of a state of health of the person that requires the solution of two main objectives: determination of main population tendencies in the dietary patterns (DP) and the study of the influence of consumption of certain feedstuffs, products and groups of products on a state of health of the person. Within multicenter epidemiological research of the ESSE-RF the analysis of DP of the population of the Kemerovo region (1628 people aged of 25-64 years) and their association with indices of cardiovascular health is carried out. For grouping (determination of DP) frequencies of consumption of 13 groups of foodstuff the factorial analysis were used (a method of main components). The characteristic of commitment to the allocated DP in various age, gender and social-economic groups of the population, and also association of commitment to DP with factors of cardiovascular risk and some cardiovascular diseases is given. There were selected four DP types explaining of 44.8% of the structure of the frequency of consumption of foodstuff. In three out of four DPs there were revealed associations with the age and gender structure and education level of the population. According to two DPs multiple associations with indices of the cardiovascular health were noted: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the waist circumference, the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, presence of arterial hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia. The obtained associations allow to characterize “dairy” DP (high frequency of consumption of milk, sour cream, cottage cheese and cheese) as favorable, and “meat” DP (high frequency of consumption of meat, fish and seafood, birds) as adverse in respect of cardiovascular health that correspond to results of other investigations. The performed analysis has allowed characterize food preferences of the population of the Siberian region as in general on population, and on age, gender and social-economic groups. The obtained associations of two out of four DP with indices of cardiovascular health correspond to results of other Russian and foreign investigations.
PREVENCIJA ŠKOLSKOG NEUSPEHA: ZNAČAJ PORODICE
Authors: Tomčić Lana
Published: September 2019

U pedagoškoj literaturi školski neuspeh se najčešće definiše kao neispunjavanje minimuma zahteva u sticanju znanja i ostvarivanju vaspitno-obrazovnih zadataka tokom nastavnog procesa. Porodica, kao osnovno socijalno okruženje u kome dete stiče prva iskustva, prve modele i uzore, prepoznaje se kao jedan od najznačajnijih faktora školskog neuspeha učenika. Istraživački cilj ovog rada predstavlja pregled faktora porodične sredine koji utiču na pojavu školskog neuspeha, kao i značaja, odnosno mogućnosti uspostavljanja partnerstva porodice i škole u cilju prevencije školskog neuspeha. Istraživački cilj se ostvaruje na teorijskom nivou, uz primenu metode teorijske analize. Na osnovu proučavanja relevantne literature izvodi se zaključak da su sledeći faktori prepoznati kao dominantni: socioekonomski status, struktura porodice, vaspitni stil roditelja, njihova uključenost u obrazovanje dece, očekivanja i emocionalna podrška. Svesni činjenice da savremeni način života stavlja roditelje pred raznovrsne izazove i otežava ostvarenje njihove uloge, istraživači školskog neuspeha su ispitivali mogućnosti uspostavljanja partnerstva porodice i škole u cilju prevladavanja školskog neuspeha, te su u radu, između ostalog, predstavljene i dve strategije partnerstva: koncept roditeljske uključenosti i savetodavne strategije.