bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GERALD STOURTZ. BETWEEN HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE GENESIS OF US FOREIGN POLICY (FIRST HALF OF THE 1950S)
Authors: Dorofeev D. V.,
Published: December 2021

The subject field of the study covers the historiography of the first half of the 1950s of the genesis of US foreign policy theme. The aim of the work is to determine the role and place of origin of the US foreign policy in the views of Gerald Stourzh. The relevance of the research is due to the need to study previously unexplored circumstances of the formation of the historian’s interpretation of this process. The novelty lies in the fact that the stereotype about the authority of the scientist’s assessment, formed in the scientific literature, has been debunked. The results of the analysis allowed to draw the following conclusions. The approach of G. Stourzh was not independent and scientific in nature. His concept was a consequence of the H. J. Morgenthau’s efforts to give historicity to the argumentation of the school of political realism. Being an amateur, he created an intellectual product using the selective principle of selecting sources designed to present the Founding Fathers as adherents of political realism. Over time, the initial criticism in the American scientific community of the scientist’s views was replaced by a utilitarian borrowing of the facts from his monograph, that led to the growth of G. Stourzh’ authority in scientific sphere. Despite the disadvantages of the historian’s achievements, his efforts became a catalyst for discussion in American historical science in the 1960s and 1970s and increased interest in the early period of the history of US foreign policy.
DISCUSSION ABOUT SUPPLY OF THE BRITISH ARMY IN CRIMEA DURING THE WINTER OF 1854-1855 IN THE BRITISH NEWSPAPERS ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE PAMPHLET «WHOM SHALL WE HANG»
Authors: Kurochkin S.S.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is the analyses of the discussion about supply of the British army in Crimea during the winter of 1854–1855 in the British press according to the pamphlet «Whom shall we hang». Due to the analyses of the text of this pamphlet and other journalistic texts devoted to the problem of the effectiveness of the quartermaster system of the British during the Crimean War, it was managed to clarify the question of the authorship and the reason for the creation of this historical source. As part of the public discussion caused by the problems of the British army in the Crimea in the winter of 1854-1855, a number of explanations of the causes of these problems were proposed. One authors claimed that these problems had been caused by mistakes of the government, but another journalists thought that high causalities during the winter had been caused by the difficulties, that where unavoidable in case of supplying the army at a great distance from the metropolis. The research shows that the British lawyer Peter Benson Maxwell (who held a pro-government position and who was a former member of the Hospital (Cunning-Maxwell) Commission that began its work in Scutari in November 1854) criticized through this pamphlet the results of the investigation of the parliamentary «Sebastopol Committee» (chaired by John Roebuck), that began its work in March 1855. This commission laid the main blame for the sufferings of the British troops during the winter on the government of Lord Aberdeen, and Peter Benson Maxwell was disagree with this interpretation of events and tried to rebut it.
Domínguez Matito, Francisco y Elisa Borsari (eds.) (2020), Revisitando a Berceo. Lecturas del siglo XXI. Madrid/Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana/Vervuert
Authors: Hernández Justo José Santos
Published: December 2021

Reseña del libro: Domínguez Matito, Francisco y Elisa Borsari (eds.) (2020), Revisitando a Berceo. Lecturas del siglo XXI. Madrid/Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana/Vervuert. 312 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9192-073-1.
Blanco Valdés, Carmen F. (2020), Vida de Dante Alighieri. Tratado en honor de Dante Alighieri florentino, poeta ilustre (edición crítica y traducción). Berlin: Peter Lang
Authors: Alvar Guillermo
Published: December 2021

Reseña del libro: Blanco Valdés, Carmen F. (2020), Vida de Dante Alighieri. Tratado en honor de Dante Alighieri florentino, poeta ilustre (edición crítica y traducción). Berlin: Peter Lang. 156 pp. ISBN: 978-3-631-82631-7.
Obra en prosa sobre la veríssima inmaculada conceptió de la Mare de Déu (Valencia, Lambert Palmart, 1488): estudio material de un incunable perdido
Authors: Martos Josep Lluís
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo ofrece la primera descripción material de un incunable desconocido por los principales catálogos y repertorios internacionales, al haberse difundido en bibliografía de alcance muy parcial, restringida a escasos estudios filológicos de una tradición literaria concreta. La pertenencia del incunable a una biblioteca privada de un bibliófilo catalán ha contribuido a esto. Su paradero es hoy desconocido, si bien se reprodujo en microfilm en 1963. Está impreso por Lambert Palmart en Valencia, el 28 de junio de 1488, y forma parte de una trilogía patrocinada por Ferrando Díeç, como editor. Se avanza en el conocimiento y en el estudio material de este incunable perdido, con lo que ello implica como propuesta metodológica, atendiendo a estrategias de comparación y considerando para ello recursos de tratamiento digital.
Taking the first step: How to create a high-school linguistics course
Authors: Greaney L’Meese
Published: December 2021

While teachers might see the need for linguistics, the fear of not being “expert enough” can prevent high-school teachers from all disciplines from designing and teaching a linguistics course. Teachers, with or without subject matter expertise, who seek to establish a K-12 linguistics course need to work closely with administrators and stakeholders, maintain a “progress over perfection” mentality, consider the merits of exposing students to linguistics early instead of waiting for a national, standardized curriculum, and remain flexible in delivery.
Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu PKK Desa Suka Ramai, Kec. Tapung Hulu, Kab. Kampar dengan Produk Facemist Berbahan Dasar Aloevera Dan Ekstrak Green Tea
Authors: Hilma Rahmiwati , Prasetya Prasetya , Syahri Jufrizal , `Nasution Hasmalina , Syafri Rahmadini , Siregar Sri Hilma , Perdana Fitra
Published: December 2021

Pandemik Covid-19 memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap tatanan kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat global, termasuk masyarakat di Desa Suka Ramai, Kec. Tapung, Kab, Kampar. Tingginya harga obat-obatan termasuk kosmetik, krisis ekonomi yang belum juga berangsur pulih menimbulkan depresi bagi masyarakat, terutama bagi Ibu-ibu. Pada kegiatan ini dilakukan pemberdayaan berupa penyuluhan dan pelatihan bagi Ibu-ibu PKK, kader posyandu dan remaja putri untuk memproduksi sendiri produk facemist multiguna untuk kesehatan dan kecantikan. Dibidang Kesehatan produk ini bersifat antidepresan dan kecantikan memberikan kesegaran, bersifat sebagai antioksidan, antiaging dan mengurangi jerawat pada wajah. Kegiatan ini dilakukan secara luring dengan protokol kesehatan yang ketat. Kegiatan terlaksana dengan baik, terlihat dengan antusias peserta akan materi-materi pelatihan, jumlah peserta yang tidak berubah dari awal kegiatan sampai selesai. Dari kegiatan ini dihasilkan produk facemist “ESM” yang diproduksi oleh peserta pelatihan. Ibu-ibu PKK dan Bapak Kepala Desa Suka Ramai, sangat berterima ksih atas terlaksananya kegiatan di Desa mereka dan berharap akan ada kegiatan lain yang juga dilaksanakan di Desa tersebut.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Hand Sanitizer Aroma Minyak Atsiri Sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran Luring Di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Prambanan
Authors: Kundarto Wisnu , Ermawati Dian Eka , Zulpadly Muhammad Fiqri , Sasongko Heru , Rohmani Sholichah , Artanti Anif Nur , Sahifah Daswati Rofiatun
Published: December 2021

The  schools have been allowed  for doing face-to-face  learning process with many requirements.Making own hand sanitizer will help schools to keep applying  health protocol  beside  washing hands.  Essential oils  have been trusted for a  long time  give a calm effect and reduce stres. This  activity have purpose to  assistance hand sanitizer production with essential oils fragrance at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Prambanan Yogyakarta. Knowledge have been transfered  by team followed with demo and training to produce hand sanitizer with lemongrass  fragrance  at first activity.  Knowledge score was  determined  from  pre-test and post test  answer score from multiple choice questions about hand sanitizer. Follow up became the next activity to ensure school can make their own hand sanitizer independently. The result showed knowledge score was increased from 52,11 to 92,11. School also have been made hand sanitizer independently with another essential oil varians. This products were limited used  for school. Communication between team and school still continues.
Peningkatan Keamanan melalui Penerapan e-Linmas Desa Rimba Makmur
Authors: Nurjayadi Nurjayadi , Herwin Herwin , Andesa Khusaeri , Nasution Torkis
Published: December 2021

Kelompok Linmas Rimba Makmur bergerak dalam bidang pemberdayaan masyarakatan. Permasalahannya adalah Wilayah Desa Luas, Implementasi Teknologi Inforamsi, Kesadaran Rendah. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan peran Linmas dalam keterbatasan sumber daya manusia untuk meningkatkan ekamanan melalui penerapan e-Linmas. Solusi yang dilakukan adalah meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat dalam menjaga keamanan, menetapkan jalankeluar masuk dan masuk dari desa, menggunakan alat deteksi yang masuk dan keluar, instalasi aplikasi e-Linmas, memberikan pelatihan penggunaan aplikasi,  implementasi aplikasi, pendampingan penggunaan aplikasi. Dalam bidang kesadaran rendah upaya yang dilakukan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam menjaga keamanan desa. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah penggunaan sirene, pemanfaatan perangkat smartphone. Kontribusi dan manfaat yang diperoleh khalayak sasaran adalah penggunaan hasil penerapan teknologi tepat guna program pengabdian kepada masyarakat sebagai solusi dari pengembangan teknologi informasi bermitra dengan Kelompok Linmas Desa Rimba Makmur. Peningkatkan pengetahuan peserta di ukur melalui pelaksaan pre-test dan pos-test. Hasil pre-test adalah jawaban benar 12%, salah 84%, dan ragu-ragu 4%. , setelah melaksanakan pelatihan dan pendampingan kemudian dilakukan post-test, capaian hasil terjadi peningkatan benar 67%, penurunan salah jawaban 29,5% dan ragu-ragu 5%
Outcomes and Predictors of 30-Day Readmissions for Hyperthyroidism: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Salim Michael , El-amir Zain , Kichloo Asim , Wani Farah , Edigin Ehizogie , Shaka Hafeez
Published: December 2021

Hyperthyroidism is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events and worse hospital outcomes. The Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) 2018 was used to determine the characteristics of 30-day readmission in patients with hyperthyroidism. The 30-day all-cause readmission rate for hyperthyroidism was 10.3%. About 21.7% had hyperthyroidism as the principal diagnosis on readmission. Readmissions were associated with an increased odds of inpatient mortality (odds ratio, 7.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.97 to 12.49), length of stay (5.2 days vs. 4.0 days; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.8), total hospital charges, and cost of hospitalizations. Independent predictors of 30-day all-cause readmissions included Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.76; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.71), discharge against medical advice (aHR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.50 to 3.53), protein-energy malnutrition (aHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.07), and atrial fibrillation (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.79). Aggressive but appropriate monitoring is warranted in patients with hyperthyroidism to prevent readmissions.
Didactic methods used in police training in some foreign countries
Authors: Krauzer Ernő
Published: December 2021

In the publication, I present the didactic methods used in the training of deputy police officers, the amount of time spent on training, the number of students in the training, and the proportion of theory-practice. I will explain whether the different generations are taken into account during the training, and whether smart tools are used, as well as the availability and quality of personal and material conditions.
Relationship between trust in the police and the effectiveness of the police
Authors: Vári Vince
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, a number of studies have appeared, mainly in the Western European police literature, which have examined the role of the police in society, the social utility of their operations and the social trust factors achieved throug the effectiveness of their procedures. These studies have revealed a number of factors which, although indirect, can be measured and understood. Nevertheless, they have hitherto been treated as abstract concepts in scientific approaches. These include the legality, legitimacy and fairness of police actions and procedures. In this study, I will show that the police can have a significant impact on social capital if they focus on these factors. In particular, it can improve that by focusing on aspects of procedural justice in measuring organizational effectiveness. However, the malleability of trust is questionable in a society where the overall level of trust is already low.
¿Cuánto rentan realmente las AFP en Chile?
Authors: Bonilla Claudio , Maquieira Carlos
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo explicamos por qué el comparar la rentabilidad contable de las AFP con su tasa de costo de capital —como lo hace López (2016)— no es una comparación válida y en consecuencia no permite concluir que en dicha industria haya excesos de rentabilidad. En nuestro estudio ampliamos el ejercicio de López —basado solo en una AFP— a 29 empresas de distintos sectores y demostramos que el diferencial CAPM-ROE puede ser positivo o negativo, pero en ningún caso las AFP muestran un diferencial distinto al de otras industrias que operan en Chile. Es clave tener presente la importancia de dicho ejercicio desde la perspectiva de las políticas públicas, pues cualquier regulación futura en dicha industria debiera tener despejado este punto. Creemos que los resultados del presente ejercicio, realizado con la metodología estándar para el cálculo de la tasa de costo de capital y con los datos bursátiles de las compañías hasta diciembre de 2019, cierran el debate respecto de la inexistente rentabilidad sobrenormal en la industria de las AFP. Creemos que la forma correcta de ocuparse del tema de las pensiones debe ser a través de políticas públicas que incentiven un mayor ahorro por parte de los trabajadores y empleadores, y mediante el fortalecimiento del pilar solidario. Una regulación sobre el nivel de rentabilidad de una industria que no tiene características de monopolio natural, sino más bien de industria competitiva, sería un absurdo si no se sustenta en la teoría económica.
Lógica, ‘formas simbólicas’ y traducción en dos cuentos de
El libro de arena
de Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: SAGASTUME JORGE R. G.
Published: December 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar ‘El espejo y la máscara’ y ‘Undr’, de Jorge Luis Borges, y sugerir que son una extensión del tema de la filosofía del lenguaje que se inicia con ‘La biblioteca de Babel’, y continúa con ‘El Aleph’, ‘El inmortal’, ‘La escritura del Dios’, y ‘El libro de arena’. Mientras que estos exploran la posibilidad de un lenguaje absoluto que pueda explicar el universo en su totalidad, los que aquí se estudian proponen que el lenguaje está ligado al entendimiento de solo ciertos aspectos del universo, no de modo absoluto, a partir de la lógica (Wittgenstein), ‘formas simbólicas’ (Cassirer) y de sus respectivas traducciones, como lo propone Walter Benjamin.
Comparative cytogenetic patterns in Carangidae fishes in association with their distribution range
Authors: Soares Rodrigo Xavier , Motta Neto Clóvis Coutinho da , Costa Gideão Wagner Werneck Félix da , Cioffi Marcelo de Bello , Bertollo Luiz Antonio Carlos , Borges Amanda Torres , Molina Wagner Franco
Published: December 2021

Carangidae are an important and widespreaded family of pelagic predatory fishes that inhabit reef regions or open ocean areas, some species occupying a vast circumglobal distribution. Cytogenetic comparisons among representatives of its different tribes help to understand the process of karyotype divergence in marine ecosystems due to the variable migratory ability of species. In this sense, conventional cytogenetic investigations (Giemsa staining, Ag-NORs, and C-banding), GC base-specific fluorochrome staining and FISH mapping of ribosomal DNAs were performed. Four species, Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy et Gaimard, 1825) and Seriola rivoliana (Valenciennes, 1883) (Naucratini), with circumtropical distributions, Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775) (Carangini), widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans, and Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Trachinotini), distributed along the western Atlantic Ocean, were analyzed, thus encompassing representatives of three out its four tribes. All species have diploid chromosome number 2n = 48, with karyotypes composed mainly by acrocentric chromosomes (NF = 50–56). The 18S rDNA/Ag-NORs/GC+ and 5S rDNA loci were located on chromosomes likely homeologs. Karyotypes showed a pattern considered basal for the family or with small variations in their structures, apparently due to pericentric inversions. The migratory capacity of large pelagic swimmers, in large distribution areas, likely restricts the fixation of chromosome changes in Carangidae responsible for a low level of karyotype diversification.
Le travail social est-il compatible avec le racisme ?
Authors: Gaignard Olivier
Published: December 2021

Historiquement ancré dans les valeurs humanistes et universalistes, l’idéal du travail social est un antiracisme idéologique, qui a absorbé l’antiracisme d’après-guerre fondé sur le refus de la notion biologique de race et la reconnaissance de la diversité culturelle. On peut en distinguer trois aspects essentiels qui ne sont pas toujours corrélés : les discours théoriques, les représentations et les pratiques. Un travailleur social, dont le système de valeurs est antiraciste, peut véhiculer inconsciemment des stéréotypes racistes. Le racisme ordinaire consiste en la projection imaginaire d’une race ou d’une culture sur des individus appartenant à un groupe minoritaire. Il s’articule étroitement au culturalisme qui conçoit la culture comme une réalité essentialisée et lui accorde une place démesurée au détriment des facteurs socio-économiques et historiques. Cette interprétation dominante est compatible avec le « néo-racisme » qui défend une politique ségrégative au nom de la reconnaissance des différences culturelles. Répondant à la demande de traitement préférentiel, l’appareil d’État institue des discriminations racistes dans l’action sociale. Ce faisant, il fait régresser la logique d’assistance à celle de l’action humanitaire et tend à criminaliser des personnes déjà fragilisées dans leurs conditions d’existence.
Faire face à l’inattendu du handicap moteur chez l’enfant
Authors: Plat Aurore , Golse Bernard , Griot Marion
Published: December 2021

À partir d’observations cliniques, nous nous interrogeons sur ce que nous montrent certains enfants porteurs de handicap moteur diagnostiqué en période périnatale, et leur famille. La complexité du lien est mise en perspective avec le traumatisme que peuvent représenter l’annonce du handicap et les difficultés de séparation/individuation chez ces enfants et leurs parents. Les champs du développement perceptif, de la sensorialité et du pulsionnel sont également abordés à la faveur de l’accès de ces jeunes à leur subjectivité. Le corps, le psychisme et la parole se lient. Le travail thérapeutique et pluridisciplinaire par leur contenance et leur fonction tierce pourraient étayer ces processus de parentalité et de subjectivation.
Measuring consumer' willingness to pay for food safety certification labels of packaged rice
Authors: Ting Chung-Te ,   Department of Tourism, Food & Beverage Management, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City 71101, Taiwan, R.O.C., Huang Yu-Sheng , Lin Cheng-Te , Hsieh Yun ,   Business School of Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China,   Department of Business Administration, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City 71101, Taiwan, R.O.C
Published: December 2021

Food safety is vital for public health, influencing a country's economic development and international reputation. In recent years, Taiwan has encountered several food quality problems, with consequent public questioning and mistrust of food safety. If consumers are unaware of the quality of a product, their perception and demands can be influenced by the credibility of the food safety certification labels. This study uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) to analyze the factors influencing consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for food safety certification labels of packaged rice. Questionnaires are randomly adopted and assigned to 434 participants. The results indicate that product factors should be presented clearly on their packaging and advertisements. Consumers focus on certification labels for food safety perception. Gender, education level, place of purchase, certification cognition, and health cognition are all found to affect willingness to pay. These significant results indicate that women were more willing to pay than men; people were willing to pay a higher amount for purchases of packaged rice at supermarkets or hypermarkets; health cognition was estimated to be negative and significant, showing that health cognition negatively affected WTP, perhaps because participants did not sufficiently trust the foundation's assurance that the rice was safe. In the valuation of WTP for food safety certification, each person was willing to pay on average NT31.07 annually to reduce the risk of food safety problems.
Soutenir l’autonomisation des adolescent·e·s et des jeunes adultes atteint·e·s de cancer : savoirs « psy » et travail de normalisation
Authors: Pombet Thibaud
Published: December 2021

Dès 2008, de nouveaux dispositifs sont élaborés en France afin de prendre en charge sur les plans médicaux et psycho-sociaux les « adolescent·e·s et jeunes adultes » (AJA, âgé·e·s de 15 à 25 ans) atteint·e·s de cancer. Dans ce contexte, l’article interroge les pratiques d’accompagnement de l’autonomie pour ces jeunes malades entre l’adolescence et l’âge adulte. Le matériel mobilisé provient d’un terrain de deux ans et demi, qui a donné lieu à cinquante entretiens conduits avec des jeunes et des soignant·e·s, ainsi qu’à des temps d’observation dans des services de soins et lors de formations professionnelles. L’article montre que le modèle d’accompagnement de l’autonomie des AJA atteint·e·s de cancer est encadré par le clivage organisationnel existant entre les médecines pédiatriques et d’adultes, en même temps que les formations destinées aux soignant·e·s transmettent des savoirs « psy » sur l’adolescence pour accompagner un travail de normalisation des jeunes patient·e·s. Il analyse alors les effets de ces savoirs « psy » en matière de qualification des comportements dans les dispositifs AJA et fait état du rapport que les professionnel·le·s des services entretiennent à l’égard de ces savoirs.
La trajectoire des enfants inclus dans la recherche : une expérience en termes de ruptures et de continuités
Authors: Carof Solenne , Besle Sylvain
Published: December 2021

Cet article explore les conséquences pour les familles d’avoir un enfant inclus dans un protocole de recherche dans le contexte de développement de la médecine de précision. Si la trajectoire des enfants atteints de cancers avancés s’inscrit dans une suite de bifurcations liées aux choix thérapeutiques proposés et à leurs conséquences organisationnelles, ces bifurcations ne sont pas nécessairement vécues comme des ruptures par les familles. L’expérience des parents et des enfants est façonnée par leur compréhension de ce qu’est la recherche clinique, mais également par les ressources organisationnelles, économiques ou émotionnelles qui leur permettent de rétablir une continuité dans un quotidien bouleversé. Cette recherche de continuité persiste lors de la phase de fin de vie de l’enfant malgré la rupture majeure que va constituer, pour les familles, la perte de celui-ci.
Les temporalités singulières de l’après-cancer pédiatrique.Résultats d’une recherche par les pairs
Authors: Chesa Bernard , Favre Cécile , Foulques Anne-Laure , Heinrich Sabine , Ly Kai Yan , Pierre Aurélie , Rivieri Lionel , Goussault Bénédicte , Dumas Agnès
Published: December 2021

Cet article rend compte d’une recherche qualitative et participative sur l’après-cancer pédiatrique menée en France par une association d’anciens patients, Les Aguerris, en partenariat avec deux sociologues. Les récits de vingt-huit patients adultes recueillis et analysés avec les chercheurs pairs montrent que l’expérience du cancer pédiatrique se déploie dans une succession de temporalités. Le temps des traitements, dans l’enfance, puis le temps de l’après, jusqu’au jeune âge adulte, sont d’abord tous deux marqués par une forme de silence autour de la maladie, de part et d’autre de la dyade parent-enfant. Trente ans plus tard, vient le temps des séquelles. De la prise de conscience de possibles séquelles des traitements anticancéreux jusqu’à leur expérience parfois brutale, le cancer pédiatrique se réintroduit dans la trajectoire biographique des individus concernés, les amenant à replonger dans leur histoire, voire à redéfinir leur identité à de multiples reprises, au gré de séquences temporelles singulières.
Les mots à ne pas dire : relation de soins et communication en oncologie pédiatrique
Authors: Kane Hélène , Guindo Abdoulaye
Published: December 2021

En Afrique de l’Ouest, les cancers pédiatriques sont souvent pris en charge tardivement, et présentent de faibles chances de guérison. Notre travail repose sur des enquêtes ethnographiques réalisées à Bamako (Mali) et Nouakchott (Mauritanie). Il s’intéresse à la manière dont les soignants, les parents et leur enfant malade communiquent autour de cette maladie dont on évite souvent de prononcer le nom. Il s’agit d’analyser la façon dont ils la désignent, les informations qui sont communiquées, ainsi que les compréhensions et espaces de dialogue qui en découlent. Au fil des parcours de soins, la communication autour de la maladie est modulée par des enjeux paradoxaux – favoriser l’engagement dans les soins, informer, réconforter – et par des statuts liés au genre, à l’âge et aux milieux sociaux. Les oncopédiatres sont confrontés à des difficultés spécifiques : la faible connaissance des cancers en général et la diversité culturelle et linguistique de leurs interlocuteurs, qui entretiennent différents rapports à la mise en mots de la maladie et de leurs émotions. Bien qu’étant souvent exclus de l’annonce officielle de leur maladie, les enfants s’adaptent aux contextes communicationnels qui leur sont proposés, qu’il s’agisse de ne pas dire certaines choses ou de les évoquer de manière admissible.
El exilio republicano español, ¿una mano de obra indeseable? Control migratorio, trabajo y género (1939-1940)
Authors: Negrete Peña Rocío
Published: December 2021

El exilio republicano a Francia constituyó un desafío desde el punto de vista humanitario, pero también económico. La llegada e internamiento de cerca de 450.000 hombres y mujeres en un contexto social, económica y políticamente convulso, obligó a las autoridades francesas a adoptar estrategias provechosas en su acogida y en su posible utilización. Frente al empleo de esta mano de obra extranjera se adoptaron resistencias herederas del discurso de defensa de la mano de obra nacional, evocando la figura del «indeseable». Sin embargo, las necesidades coyunturales de mano de obra en sectores como la agricultura o el servicio doméstico, además de en las compañías militarizadas, hicieron que la movilización de los hombres y mujeres republicanas exiliadas fuera una realidad.
L’Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick et les immigrants francophones. Un modèle d’intégration économique par les marges
Authors: Sall Leyla , Bolland Benoit
Published: December 2021

Au début des années 2000, l’Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick, une francophonie minoritaire canadienne, est devenue une communauté d’accueil d’immigrants d’expression française grâce au militantisme et au droit. Le discours d’une partie de ses élites et de ses organismes communautaires est très favorable à l’immigration. Toutefois confrontée à une incomplétude institutionnelle pluridimensionnelle en matière d’immigration, l’Acadie érige des frontières dans les secteurs centraux de son marché du travail, soit l’éducation et la santé en français. Les immigrants sont ainsi rejetés dans les marges de son marché du travail et plus précisément dans des niches d’emploi conjoncturelle et structurelle. Ils se rendent compte qu’on les a sélectionnés pour vivre en français et renforcer la vitalité de leur communauté d’accueil, mais ne peuvent faire société en français à cause d’enjeux identitaires entrainant des rapports sociaux discriminatoires lesquels les empêchent d’être pleinement inclus dans leur nouvelle communauté d’accueil. Une francophonie locale segmentée et juxtaposée commence ainsi à émerger en raison du déficit d’intégration des immigrants sur le marché du travail francophone.
La musique monotone de l’exploitation des réfugiés, migrants et déplacés sur le marché du travail libanais
Authors: Dahdah Assaf
Published: December 2021

Le marché du travail libanais est structurellement organisé autour de l’exploitation des travailleurs étrangers ; une exploitation encadrée par l’État qui maintient les réfugiés palestiniens, les déplacés syriens et les migrants africains et asiatiques dans une précarité statutaire garante de leur immobilité au bas de la hiérarchie socio-professionnelle. Si les contextes nord-américains ou européens donnent à penser que la mobilité ascendante est rendue possible par la construction de niches et de réseaux — en lien avec l’historicité de la migration dans une dynamique de passage de relais entre anciens et nouveaux arrivés — le cas libanais souligne l’importance du contexte politique et institutionnel qui n’autorise ce mouvement qu’à la marge et de façon informelle. En miroir de la théorie du jeu de chaises musicales popularisée par Waldinger (1994), cet article met en lumière l’un de ces manques à travers une situation économique et politique caractérisée par des crises successives.
Une préhistoire des Popular Music Studies : fonder la folk music comme objet des sciences sociales dans les États-Unis des années 1930
Authors: Dorémieux Yves , Moreddu Camille
Published: December 2021

Cet article retrace les évolutions épistémologiques des recherches sur les musiques dites folk aux États-Unis de la fin du xixe siècle au début des années 1940. Durant ce demi-siècle, la définition de la catégorie musicale de folk music évolue constamment. Elle passe de l’idée selon laquelle seules des musiques perçues comme totalement préservées de l’influence des cultures savantes et commerciales peuvent être folk (c’est à dire émanent du peuple) à une conception beaucoup plus large incluant notamment des répertoires qui relèvent des musiques de masse (musiques diffusées sur disques et à la radio et dont l’audience peut être internationale). Un projet de recherche consacré aux musiques de la région de San Francisco réalisé à la fin des années 1930, le California Folk Music Project, fournit un exemple des méthodes d’enquêtes et d’études des musiques les plus à la pointe à cette période. À partir de l’étude du California Folk Music Project nous proposerons une définition formelle des folk music studies, puis envisagerons la manière dont l’étude des folk music studies éclaire la question de la position accordée aux non-experts dans les popular music studies.
‟Original Artyfacts”: Rethinking Object Biography in Popular Music Studies
Authors: Neglia José Vicente
Published: December 2021

This article makes the case for rethinking object biography in popular music studies. By object biography, I am referring to a particular methodological and analytic approach to material culture that begins from the premise that objects—that is, commodities, goods, artefacts, and so on—have social lives that follow their own unique trajectories across time and space. While object biography has been influential in popular music studies since Appadurai’s and Kopytoff’s foundational essays in The Social Life of Things (1986), I propose that its potential as a methodological and analytic tool has not yet been fully realized to date. This article sets out to rethink object biography in the context of recent trends in scholarship, particularly with regard to the so-called “material turn” in the humanities and social sciences. Using the 1972 reissue compilation album, Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968, as my example, I aim to show how this cultural object has assumed different identities over time, from a “cult” object that circulated within niche communities of fans and collectors in the period of its initial release to its emergence as a brand in the 1980s and beyond. Ultimately, I argue that object biography allows us to attend to the inherent mutability of things as they circulate over time, which in turn opens up new ways to approach music’s cultural objects, especially its audio media.
Blockchain Tokenisation in Grant Management
Authors: Kraft Conrad , Carmona Mariana
Published: December 2021

Grant management is a vital process that enables organisations to successfully deliver programmes that address social, economic, environmental, and other challenges. Globally, grant transfers represent significant sums, and their management is fraught with deficiencies that undermine the impact of the donated funds. Among the most urgent challenges in grant management are to improve transparency and reduce high administration costs. Digital transformation has done much to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accountability in grant administration; however, numerous shortcomings still exist. Blockchain, smart contracts, and tokenisation can be combined to achieve greater levels of efficiency and control in grant management than is currently possible. Through the study of fundamental blockchain concepts, the authors propose a grant-management solution that tokenises every expenditure item and uses smart contracts to automate payments, reporting, and budgetary compliance.
Parts Design and Process Optimization
Authors: Hassanin Hany , Bidare Prveen , Zweiri Yahya , Essa Khamis
Published: December 2021

Artificial intelligence and additive manufacturing are primary drivers of Industry 4.0, which is reshaping the manufacturing industry. Based on the progressive layer-by-layer principle, additive manufacturing allows for the manufacturing of mechanical parts with a high degree of complexity. In this chapter, a deep learning neural network (DLNN) is introduced to rationalize the effect of cellular structure design factors as well as process variables on physical and mechanical properties utilizing laser powder bed fusion. The models developed were validated and utilized to create process maps. For both design and process optimization, the trained deep learning neural network model showed the highest accuracy. Deep learning neural networks were found to be an effective technique for predicting material properties from limited data sets, as per the findings.
Biosensors, Biofeedback, and Neurofeedback
Authors: Monteiro Pedro , Tavares Diana Leal , Mourão Luís , Nouws Henri P. A. , Maia Gisela
Published: December 2021

In this chapter, the authors write about the processes of biofeedback, giving an insight about the sensors that might be used, the overall concept of biofeedback, as well as the evidence regarding the effectiveness of neurofeedback for the treatment of mental disorders.The main goal is to provide those introducing to the biofeedback as a self-regulation technique, used now for more than 50 years, with concise information about the sensors that might be used to detect the most common measured responses, the main types of physiological biofeedback, and the state-of-the-art evidence about neurofeedback as a form of brain training for individuals with the most prevalent mental disorders. Biofeedback and neurofeedback are guided therapies that include a vast and rowing variety of methodologies aimed to return information to the individual, regarding the physiological functions of the organism itself, in order to enable the modification of those otherwise considered unconscious physiological responses, designed to improve the individual's health and wellness.
Propofol as a Drug of Diversion: Changing Disposal Practices to Reduce Risk
Authors: Ring Michael T. , Pfrimmer Dale M.
Published: December 2021

Background

Propofol is a drug of diversion because of its high-volume use, lack of prescribed control mechanisms, and accessibility. As a result, intensive care unit nurses and other health care professionals are placed at unnecessary risk. Decreasing the risk of drug diversion can save lives, licenses, and livelihoods.

Local Problem

Objectives were to reduce the risk of drug diversion and diminish the environmental impact of medication discarded down the sink. Disposing of residual propofol into activated carbon pouches was successful and sustainable in operating rooms at the study institution. Literature findings supported this intervention because of propofol’s potential for abuse, ongoing diversion events, ease of access, poor control mechanisms, lack of standardization, excessive waste, and ecological impact.

Methods

The intensive care unit with the highest propofol use was selected to replicate the propofol disposal process used in the operating rooms. Activated carbon pouches and bottle cap removal tools were located in each intensive care unit room at the nurses’ workstation for ease of use. Audits of unsecured waste bins and staff surveys of institutional policy awareness, disposal processes, barriers, and concerns were completed before and after the intervention.

Results

Survey results determined significant concern for drug diversion risk. The pilot project displayed success: 44.1% of propofol bottles in waste bins were full before the intervention and 0% were full afterward.

Conclusion

Following institutional approval, this propofol disposal process was replicated in all intensive care units and the emergency department in the study institution.
RILEVANZA DEL SESSO NELLA MALATTIA DA COVID-19: QUANDO UN CROMOSOMA IN PIÙ FA LA DIFFERENZA!
Authors: Larizza Lidia
Published: December 2021

Meta-analysis of epidemiological world-wide reports of SARS-CoV-2 patients requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive care units highlighted the male sex as a risk factor for severe, often fatal evolution of COVID-19 disease, as signaled by previous coronavirus infections. X chromosome inactivation (XCI), an epigenetic mechanism used by female somatic cells to equalize the dosage of X-linked genes between the sexes and the female advantage with mosaicism of the numerous immune-related genes and the increased expression of those escaping XCI determined a growing recognition of the unique biology of the X chromosome to account for females more robust immune response. In the wake of studies aimed at establishing the contribution of immune-regulatory X-linked genes to sex-specific differences of COVID-19 disease, the expression of TLR7, a gene of innate immune response encoding a member of Toll-like family receptors sensing the SARS-CoV-2 endosomal RNA, has been quantified in human female plasmacytoid dendritic cells which are high producers of interferons, acting as powerful viral inhibitors. The study confirmed that TLR7 escapes XCI promoting higher TLR7 mRNA and higher interferon mRNA at the single-cell level. The relevance of TLR7 signaling has been highlighted by a Dutch study exploring the presence of genetic variants among young men with severe COVID-19 which identified pathogenic TLR7 variants in two pairs of brothers (mean age 26 years) without medical history admitted to intensive care units due to SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory syndrome, one of whom deceased due to septic shock. Whole exome sequencing of the patients identified “loss of function variants” of the X-chromosomal TLR7 and functional studies on their peripheral blood mononucleate cells after in vitro stimulation with a TLR7 agonist showed significant reduction of TLR7-specific mRNA and decreased mRNA expression of various interferon type I genes as compared to family members and controls. While rare mutations in TLR7 are unlikely to be a major drive of severe COVID-19 disease, their identification begins to unravel the molecular underpinning of COVID-19 infection highlighting TLR7 receptor as a critical node in recognizing SARS-CoV-2 and initiating an early immune response to clear the virus and prevent the development of COVID-19.
Effect of positive cumulative fluid balance on postoperative complications after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kohli Megha , Garg Neha , Sindwani Gaurav , Tempe Deepak , Pamecha Viniyendra , Pasupuleti Samba Siva Rao
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims:

Fluid administration during liver transplant (LT) surgery is controversial. Although adverse outcomes following positive intraoperative fluid balance have been reported, studies presenting the influence of cumulative postoperative fluid balance (CFB) on complications following LT are sparse. Patients with chronic liver disease tend to receive more fluid during and after surgery due to their unique physiological disease state. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 48-hour CFB on the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and pulmonary complications on day 4 after live donor LT.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 230 patients undergoing live donor LT. The effect of CFB on day 2 on AKI and pulmonary complications was analysed. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test were used.

Results:

Bivariate analysis showed a lower graft vs recipient weight ratio (GRWR), sepsis (P < 0.001) and a higher 48-hour CFB after surgery significantly increased the development of AKI. For pulmonary complications, higher Model for End- stage Liver Disease-Na(MELD-Na) score, higher peak arterial lactate, higher 48-hour CFB (P = 0.016) and sepsis (P = 0.003) were found to be statistically significant. Upon multivariate analysis, CFB at 48 hours was significantly higher in patients suffering from pulmonary complications, and GRWR and sepsis were significant for AKI. For every one litre increase in CFB on day 2, the odds of pulmonary complications increased by 37%.

Conclusion:

A more positive CFB on day 2 increased the development of pulmonary complications and lower GRWR and sepsis increased the development of AKI.
Knowledge-Based Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Treatment Planning for Breast Cancer
Authors: Apaza Blanco Oscar Abel , Almada María José , Garcia Andino Albin Ariel , Zunino Silvia , Venencia Daniel
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

To create and to validate knowledge-based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) models for breast cancer treatments without lymph node irradiation.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred VMAT-based breast plans (manual plans [MP]) were selected to create two knowledge-based VMAT models (breast left and breast right) using RapidPlan™. The plans were generated on Eclipse v15.5 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with 6 MV of a Novalis Tx equipped with a high-resolution multileaf collimator. The models were verified based on goodness-of-fit statistics using the coefficients of determination (R
2) and Chi-square (χ2), and the goodness-of-estimation statistics through the mean square error (MSE). Geometrical and dosimetrical constraints were identified and removed from the RP models using statistical evaluation metrics and plots. For validation, 20 plans that integrate the models and 20 plans that do not were reoptimized with RP (closed and opened validation). Dosimetrical parameters of interest were used to compare MP versus RP plans for the Heart, Homolateral_Lung, Contralateral_Lung, and Contralateral_Breast. Optimization planning time and user independency were also analyzed.

Results:

The most unfavorable results of R2
in both models for the organs at risk were as follows: for Contralateral_Lung 0.51 in RP right breast (RP_RB) and for Heart 0.60 in RP left breast (RP_LB). The most unfavorable results of χ2 test were: for Contralateral_Breast 1.02 in RP_RB and for Heart 1.03 in RP_LB. These goodness-of-fit results show that no overfitting occurred in either of the models. There were no unfavorable results of mean square error (MSE, all < 0.05) in any of the two models. These goodness-of-estimation results show that the models have good estimation power. For closed validation, significant differences were found in RP_RB for Homolateral_Lung (all P ≤ 0.001), and in the RP_LB differences were found for the heart (all P ≤ 0.04) and for Homolateral_Lung (all P ≤ 0.022). For open validation, no statistically significant differences were obtained in either of the models. RP models had little impact on reducing optimization planning times for expert planners; nevertheless, the result showed a 30% reduction time for beginner planners. The use of RP models generates high-quality plans, without differences from the planner experience.

Conclusion:

Two RP models for breast cancer treatment using VMAT were successfully implemented. The use of RP models for breast cancer reduces the optimization planning time and improves the efficiency of the treatment planning process while ensuring high-quality plans.
Characteristics of Bacterial Colonization after Indwelling Ureteral Stents in Urinary Stone Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gede Oka Anak Agung , Kusuma Duarsa Gede Wirya , Wulandari Sri Rahayu , Bagus Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde , Santosa Budi , Yudiana Wayan , Tirtayasa Pande Wisnu
Published: December 2021

Background:

Placement of ureteral stents has been standard after the endoscopic procedures because it relieves obstruction caused by the stone and facilitates urine drainage. Bacterial colonization in the stent plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of stent-associated infections. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency, type of pathogens, and the significance of risk factors that may affect bacterial colonization of ureteral stents after endourology procedures in urinary stone patients.

Methods:

Thirty patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy or ureterorenoscopy for renal and ureteric stones were enrolled in this study. Urine specimens were collected for culture examination before stent insertion and on removal. The stents were then removed based on the clinical decision via the cystoscope, and three distal tip segments of the stents were sent for culture examination.

Results:

Four patients (13.3%) before stent insertion and 11 patients (36.7%) before stent removal had positive urine cultures. Eighteen (60%) stents were positive for the culture. Diabetes mellitus (DM) (P = 0.018) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (P = 0.040) had a significant difference in increasing the risk of bacterial colonization. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen isolated from the stent culture.

Conclusion:

An indwelling ureteral stent carries a significant risk of bacterial colonization both on patients with DM and also CKD. P. aeruginosa appears as the most common bacteria in stent culture due to immunocompromised factors of these patients.