bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Intelligence and General Collective Intelligence as Phase Changes in Animal Intelligence
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: July 2020

The hypothesis that human intelligence represents a phase transition in animal intelligence is explored, as is the hypothesis that General Collective Intelligence (GCI), which has been defined as a system that organizes groups into a single collective cognition with the potential for vastly greater general problem-solving ability than that of any individual in the group, represents a phase transition in human intelligence. At these phase transitions, cognition can be demonstrated to gain the capacity for exponentially greater general problem-solving ability. If valid, then when generalized as an Nth order pattern, these N phase transitions represent successively more powerful super-intelligences, where each of these super-intelligences can potentially be implemented as an Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), or as a General Collective Intelligence (GCI).
Why do we need a robust theory of activities?
Authors: Agarwal Atul
Published: July 2020

So far, everyday mundane activities do not have a theory. Although, such theory can be helpful in many ways. A preliminary theory of activities will divide them into ‘useful’ and ‘harmful or useless’. We can develop interventions to promote useful activities. A simple four-step pathway of disease causation and disease regression has been envisaged. Activities occupy very important place in this pathway. Interventions leading to large scale positive changes in activities will improve the quality of healthcare by reducing its need. Such large-scale positive changes in activities may become a vehicle for development of better-quality individuals and a better society.
Behavioral Health Theories, Equity, and Disparities in Global Health: A Basic Process Model
Authors: Mckinley Lauren , McAnally Kaylyn , Moyers Susette Alanna , Hagger Martin S
Published: July 2020

Lack of participation in health promoting behaviors and participation in behaviors that contribute to health risks have been linked to health disparities observed among individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. This chapter presents a basic process model to summarize the effects of socio-structural variables linked to health disparities – socio-economic status, education, health literacy, ethnicity, and religiosity – on individuals’ beliefs and cognitions that determine behavior. Socio-structural characteristics were proposed to have a pervasive effect on individuals’ beliefs and other constructs from social cognition theories which impact their decisions to participate in prospective health behaviors and influence their health outcomes. The model provides a mechanistic explanation for health disparities among individuals from disadvantaged groups. A series of illustrative examples are presented of the application of the proposed model as a means to explain how characteristics linked to disadvantage relate to participation in health behaviors and outcomes via potentially modifiable mediating beliefs and social cognition constructs. Efforts to develop interventions targeting these modifiable beliefs will contribute to the enhancement of long-term global health and illness prevention.
Exploring normative perceptions and misperceptions of private, environmentally impactful behaviours
Authors: Gallagher Elaine , Verplanken Bas , Walker Ian
Published: July 2020

Social norms have been shown to be an effective behaviour change mechanism across diverse behaviours, demonstrated from classical studies to more recent behaviour change research. Much of this research has focused on environmentally impactful actions. Social norms are typically utilised for behaviour change in social contexts, which facilitates the important element of the behaviour being visible to the referent group. This ensures that behaviours can be learned through observation and that deviations from the acceptable behaviour can be easily sanctioned or approved by the referent group. There has been little focus on how effective social norms are in private or non-social contexts, despite a multitude of environmentally impactful behaviours occurring in the home, for example. The current study took the novel approach to explore if private behaviours are important in the context of normative influence, and if the lack of a referent groups results in inaccurate normative perceptions and misguided behaviours. Findings demonstrated variance in normative perceptions of private behaviours, and that these misperceptions may influence behaviour. These behaviours are deemed to be more environmentally harmful, and respondents are less comfortable with these behaviours being visible to others, than non-private behaviours. The research reveals the importance of focusing on private behaviours, which have been largely overlooked in the normative influence literature.
Open Technology : The Free EEG 32 project.
Authors: Bheemaiah Anil Kumar
Published: July 2020

Open Technology, with just in time manufacturing is illustrated with the Free EEG 32 project, with open source hardware and software fulfilled with Seeed Studios, and Mouser as the vendor. The product illustrates the use of 32 EEG channels for M.L based learning of 32 dimensional data streams for the classification, with deep learning of meditative states, quantified as spectral power ratios, differential spectral power ratios and identification of the various bardos, and biofeedback mechanisms.Inspired by the MUSE headset, soundscape engineering is used as feedback on meditation coherence and bird chirps indicate transcendental success factor thresholds, illustrated with the Transcendental Meditation (™) system of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Keywords: ™, EEG based hardware, 32 channels, Free EEG 32, Seeed studio, gerber, just in time, on-demand, drop-shipping, D-Commerce, portals, MUSE headband, FFT, Chaos analysis, deep learning
Brief online cognitive behavioural intervention for dysfunctional worry related to the covid-19 pandemic: Pre-specified interim results from a randomised trial
Authors: Wahlund Tove , Mataix-Cols David , Lauri Klara , de Schipper Elles , Ljótsson Brjánn , Aspvall Kristina , Andersson Erik
Published: July 2020

Objective: To investigate if a brief self-guided, online cognitive behavioural intervention can reduce the degree of dysfunctional worry related to the covid-19 pandemic.Design: Randomised waiting list controlled trial.Setting: Swedish general population. Participants: Self-referred adults reporting daily uncontrollable worry about covid-19 and its possible consequences. The trial aims to include 670 participants in total. Here we present the results of a pre-specified interim analysis on data from the first 300 randomised participants. Intervention: A brief (3-week) self-guided, online cognitive behavioural intervention targeting dysfunctional worry related to the covid-19 pandemic. Main outcome measure: A covid-19 adapted version of the self-rated Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale assessed at baseline, week 1, week 2 and week 3 (primary endpoint). Results: The main pre-specified intention-to-treat analysis indicated significant reductions in covid-19-related worry for the intervention compared to waiting list (=2.64, Z=4.02, p<.001), corresponding to a medium effect size (bootstrapped d=0.69 [95% CI; 0.43 to 0.95]). Improvements were also seen on several secondary measures, including mood, daily functioning and intolerance of uncertainty. Participant satisfaction was high. No serious adverse events were recorded.Conclusions: A brief digital and easily scalable self-guided psychological intervention can significantly reduce dysfunctional worry and associated behavioural symptoms related to the covid-19 pandemic. The full trial will provide more precise estimates of the magnitude of the effects, their long-term durability, and potential adverse effects. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration ID: NCT04341922, registered on April 10 2020 before inclusion of the first participant.
Broadening the Stimulus Set: Introducing the American Multiracial Faces Database
Authors: Chen Jacqueline , Norman Jasmine B , Nam Yeseul
Published: July 2020

Face-based perceptions form the basis for how people behave towards each other and, hence, are central to understanding human interaction. Studying face perception requires a large and diverse set of stimuli in order to make ecologically valid, generalizable conclusions. To date, there are no publicly available databases with a substantial number of Multiracial or racially ambiguous faces. Our systematic review of the literature on Multiracial person perception documented that published studies have relied on computer-generated faces (84% of stimuli), Black-White faces (74%), and male faces (63%). We sought to address these issues, and to broaden the diversity of available face stimuli, by creating the American Multiracial Faces Database (AMFD). The AMFD is a novel collection of 110 faces with mixed-race heritage and accompanying ratings of those faces by naive observers that are freely available to academic researchers. The faces (smiling and neutral expression poses) were rated on attractiveness, emotional expression, racial ambiguity, masculinity, racial group membership(s), gender group membership(s), warmth, competence, dominance, and trustworthiness. The large majority of the AMFD faces are racially ambiguous and can pass into at least two different racial categories. These faces will be useful to researchers seeking to study Multiracial person perception as well as those looking for racially ambiguous faces in order to study categorization processes in general. Consequently, the AMFD will be useful to a broad group of researchers who are studying face perception.
Sequential decision-making impacts moral judgment: how iterative dilemmas can expand our perspective on sacrificial harm.
Authors: Bostyn Dries Hannes , Roets Arne
Published: July 2020

When are sacrificial harms morally appropriate? Traditionally, research within moral psychology has investigated this issue by asking participants to render moral judgments on batteries of single-shot, sacrificial dilemmas. Each of these dilemmas has its own set of targets and describes a situation independent from those described in the other dilemmas. Every decision that participants are asked to make thus takes place within its own, separate moral universe. As a result, people’s moral judgments can only be influenced by what happens within that specific dilemma situation. This research methodology ignores that moral judgments are interdependent and that people might try to balance multiple moral concerns across multiple decisions. In the present series of studies we present participants with iterative versions of sacrificial dilemmas that involve the same set of targets across multiple iterations. Using this novel approach, and across five preregistered studies (total n = 1890), we provide clear evidence that a) responding to dilemmas in a sequential, iterative manner impacts the type of moral judgments that participants favor and b) that participants’ moral judgments are not only motivated by the desire to refrain from harming others (usually labelled as deontological judgment), or a desire to minimize harms (utilitarian judgment), but also by a desire to spread out harm across all possible targets.
Understanding Violence during Coronavirus lockdown from a Policy Perspective
Authors: goel Roshani
Published: July 2020

India has always been in a conflicting state in itself. The term largest democracy helps to bind an understanding regarding the reason and rise in violence. Different age groups with different mindset living on same land make them vulnerable and intolerable due to their living condition. A slight change in their routine has an effect on their actions. This became an objective to study a rise in the number of violence during coronavirus lockdown. There are multiple factors which trigger different forms of outrage and anger among people forcing them to indulge in an act of violence. Factors triggering violence can be social and cultural norms or can be political norms. These norms help in shaping individual behaviour both negatively and positively. The leading indicators of these norms are income, employment, stress is a result in itself not a factor perse, religious, gender disparity and literacy. The understanding of norms cannot remain error free until seen from the lens of policy implication. It will give a ground reality of its existence. However, there are constant efforts to deal with such atrocities. The paper will try to address the question of such violence that have existed and still continue to grow even when the Government have stringent policies to address such issue.
Covid-19: When Species and Data Meet
Authors: Price Catherine
Published: July 2020

This article explores how species meet, in particular humans and Covid-19. It also draws attention to the digital world through the lens of contact-tracing apps. Here, we find ourselves examining human-virus-data relations, with species and data meeting and mingling. This article does not study Covid-19 in isolation, but reaches beyond to examine what has led us to this situation and the role data is currently playing. The article offers an answer to the question: How do humans, Covid-19 and Covid-19 contact-tracing apps meet and mingle? This article examines how species meet and mingle, as well as how the Anthropocene has contributed to the current situation. The article also discusses contact-tracing apps and what these apps mean for society. In the final section, the article shows how entanglements are not constrained to those which are multispecies, but also stretch out to the digital. These postdigital hybrid assemblages enable the coming together of humans, biological more than human worlds, and the digital. Hopefully, this discussion about the postdigital hybrid assemblage will contribute to discussions in the future, and long after Covid-19, about how we are living our lives, and who and what we are living our lives with.
The Gödel incompleteness theorems (1931) by the axiom of choice
Authors: Penchev Vasil Dinev
Published: July 2020

Those incompleteness theorems mean the relation of (Peano) arithmeticand (ZFC) set theory, or philosophically, the relation of arithmetical finiteness andactual infinity. The same is managed in the framework of set theory by the axiom ofchoice (respectively, by the equivalent well-ordering "theorem'). One may discuss thatincompleteness form the viewpoint of set theory by the axiom of choice rather thanthe usual viewpoint meant in the proof of theorems. The logical corollaries from that"nonstandard" viewpoint the relation of set theory and arithmetic are demonstrated
How the ‘plates’ of a health system can shift, change and adjust during economic recessions. A qualitative interview study of public and private health providers in Brazil’s São Paulo and Maranhão states
Authors: Russo Giuliano , Paim Maria Luiza Levi , de Britto e Alves Maria Teresa Seabra Soares , de Oliveira Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves , de Souza Britto Ferreira de Carvalho Ruth Helena , Andrietta Lucas Salvador , Filippon Jonathan , Scheffer Mário César
Published: July 2020

Background. Economic recessions carry an impact on population health and access to care; less is known on how health systems adapt to the conditions brought by a downturn. This particularly matters now that the COVID-19 epidemic is putting health systems under stress. Brazil is one of the world’s most affected countries, and its health system was already living the aftermath of the 2015 recession. Methods. Between 2018 and 2019 we conducted 46 semi-structured interviews with health practitioners, managers and policy-makers to explore the impact of the 2015 recession on public and private providers in prosperous (São Paulo) and impoverished (Maranhão) states in Brazil. Thematic analysis was employed to identify drivers and consequences of system adaptation and coping strategies. Nvivo software was used to aid data collection and analysis. We followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research to provide an account of the findings.Results. We found the concept of ‘health sector crisis’ to be politically charged among healthcare providers in São Paulo and Maranhão. Contrary to expectations, the public sector was reported to have found ways to compensate for diminishing federal funding, having outsourced services and adopted flexible – if insecure – working arrangements. Following a drop in employment and health plans, private health insurance companies streamlined their offer, at times at the expenses of coverage. Low-cost walk-in clinics were hit hard by the recession, but also credited for having moved to cater for higher-income customers in Maranhão.Conclusions. The ‘plates’ of a health system may shift and adjust in unexpected ways in response to recessions, and some of these changes might outlast the crisis. As low-income countries enter post-COVID recessions, it will be important to monitor the adjustments taking place in health systems, to ensure that past gains in access to care and job security are not eroded.
The Waiting-Time Paradox
Authors: Masuda Naoki , Porter Mason A.
Published: July 2020

Suppose that you're going to school and arrive at a bus stop. How long do you have to wait before the next bus arrives? Surprisingly, it is longer - possibly much longer - than what the bus schedule suggests intuitively. This phenomenon, which is called the waiting-time paradox, has a purely mathematical origin. Different buses arrive with different intervals, leading to this paradox. In this article, we explore the waiting-time paradox, explain why it happens, and discuss some of its implications (beyond the possibility of being late for school).
‘Clean athlete status’ cannot be certified: Calling for caution, evidence and transparency in ‘alternative’ anti-doping systems
Authors: Petroczi Andrea , Backhouse Susan H , Boardley Ian , Saugy Martial , Pitsiladis Yannis , Viret Marjolaine , Ioannidis Gregory , Ohl Fabien , Loland Sigmund , McNamee Mike
Published: July 2020

In this paper we argue that whilst protecting clean sport is critically important to all stakeholders, alternative anti-doping protocols that put athletes in disadvantageous positions and/or pose risks to their professional and personal lives lack legitimation. We discuss the issues arising from naïve and inexpert use of anti-doping data and scientific research in the broader context of anti-doping and sport integrity, and call for scientific rigour, a solid evidence base and transparency in alternative anti-doping systems.
Snow machining and side slipping in alpine skiing
Authors: Komissarov Serguei
Published: July 2020

A simple approximate theory of snow machining is developed and tested against the results of past laboratory experiments. It is also applied to side-slipping and traversing in alpine skiing, and yields realistic predic- tions which can be tested experimentally on real ski slopes. Eventually, the theory could be used in modelling of skiing turns involving the phaseof skidding.
Mechanics of wedge turns in alpine skiing
Authors: Komissarov Serguei
Published: July 2020

A simple approximate theory of snow machining is applied to modelling successive wedge turns of alpine skiing. The results are in agreement with available experimental investigations of such turns. In particular, the model explains the abnormally high values for the coefficient of friction reported in these studies.
Essays on Motivation and Leadership in the Public Sector - Habilitation dissertation
Authors: Vogel Dominik
Published: July 2020

This is the synposis of my Habilitation dissertation. The Habilitation focuses on two aspects vital for any organization: the motivation of its members and the leadership behavior of those responsible for supervising others. The two concepts---motivation and leadership---are studied in a specific type of organizations: public administrations. Both concepts have received increasing attention in recent years, but the literature still offers more questions than answers.
Students’ Engagement
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal
Published: July 2020

No abstract available.
Outcome of external fixator in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients with co-morbidities
Authors: Dutta Deepak Kumar , Sinha R,
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: Incidence of intertrochanteric fracture is rising because of increasing number of elderly. They tend to have many comorbidities of different systems; therefore, major surgeries are not possible at times. In these patients, external fixator can be an option as it promotes early ambulation, thereby preventing recumbency-associated complications.

Material and Methods: Elderly patients of interetrochanteric fracture and with medical comorbidities were managed with external fixator. Functional outcome was measured by Harris Hip Score (HHS) on first post-operative day and in follow ups on 4, 12, and 24 weeks.

Results: Thrity patients (19 males, 11 females), of mean age 77.63 years (SD=9.06) were studied. HHS scores steadily increased from 37.6±5.28 on the first post-operative dayto 49.43±6.9 on 4 weeks, 59.83±7.17 on 12 weeks, and 72.47±4.17 on 24 weeks. The changes were all very highly significant (all p=0.000). Mean time taken to union was 14.67±2.28 weeks. None of the patients had recumbency-related complications.

Conclusion: External fixators for intertrochanteric fractures in medically comorbid elderly patientsis effective in promoting ambulation and preventing recumbency-related complications.
Knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among physically disabled women in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Bishal , Mahat Sunita , Parajuli Kritri
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: Disability is the condition of difficulty in carrying out daily activities normally and in taking part in social life due to problems in parts of the body and the physical system. Disability also carries stigma, so disabled people may face layers of discrimination when they are menstruating. The objective of the review is to assess the menstrual hygiene practice of disabled women, the barriers they face, and the available interventions to help them manage their menstruation hygienically and with dignity.

Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted among 151 physically disabled peoples.Self-structured questionnaire and face-to-face interview was used as data collection tools and techniques. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. The results of the study were presented with the help of tabular description using the same software along with Microsoft word and excel 2007.

Results: Most of respondents knew the 26-30 days as normal cycle duration (80.13%). Majority of respondents had reported that they do not go to holy places (91.39%) and should not cook food (94.03%) during menstruation. Most of respondents had stayed (96.68%) and eat (98.01%) at same place and 31.38% of respondents had bath daily during menstruation. 83.44% of respondents used sanitary while 69.53 % of respondents changed pad twice a day. Maximum number of the respondents 91.39% disposed sanitary pad in dustbin. 87.41% of respondents learned about menstrual hygiene from parents.

Conclusion: Good and satisfactory knowledge about menstrual hygiene was found among girls of age group 15-24years.
In-vitro antibacterial activity of Rhus javanica against multidrug-resistant uro-pathogens
Authors: Saud Bhavan , Paudel T. , Sharma T. , Gyawali M. , Dhungana G. , Shrestha V. , Shrestha R.K. , Bhusal N.
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is emerging as a major public health concern. From the ancient time in history, different plants and herbs have been known to have medicinal value. Rhus javanica has been found to show antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Thus, present study is designed to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection causing bacterial pathogens, its antibiogram and effect of Rhus javanica in standard in-vitro condition against multidrug-resistant.

Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in urinary tract infection suspected patients visiting a clinic in Kalimati, Kathmandu, from July to December 2017. A total of 133 midstream urine samples were collected and cultured in MacConkey agar and Blood agar media and isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline. Leaves extract of Rhus javanica was obtained by maceration using 50.0% methanol and susceptibility testing was performed by using cork borer method in Mueller-Hinton agar.

Results: Out of total 133 samples, 35.3%showed significant bacterial growth (i.e. 105 cfu/ml) on agar plate. The most predominant organism was Escherichia coli 17.3%, followed by Enterococcus faecalis 6.8%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 3.8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3.0%, Proteus vulgaris 2.3%, and Staphylococcus aureus 2.3%. Out of 47 isolates, 53.2% were Multi Drug Resistant (MDR). Various concentrations of the crude extract used (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml) showed susceptibility to all the bacterial pathogens isolated, with the diameter of zone of inhibition ranging from 12 to 28 mm.

Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Rhus javanica showed antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant isolates of bacterial uropathogens in standard in-vitro condition.
Functional and radiological outcome of Colles fracture treated conservatively with plaster and cast
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Sharma R. , Neupane S. , Pariyar A.K. , Singh R.
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: Fractures of distal radius are commonly encountered in orthopedic emergency. Various treatment methods are available including closed reduction and immobilization in cast, percutaneous pinning, pins and plaster, external fixation, open reduction and internal fixation with or without bone graft or substitute. There are no clear guidelines to follow. The aim of this study is to compare the radiological and functional outcome of distal radius fracture treated conservatively with cast alone.

Material and Methods: Sixty patients suffering from extra articular distal radius fracture were recruited for study. They were all treated conservatively with cast alone. They were followed up for 6 months. The radiological outcome in terms of dorsal angulation, radial length, radial angulation and ulnar variance and functional outcome in terms of Mayo wrist score was assessed.

Results: At 6 months follow up dorsal angulation, radial length, radial angulation and ulnar variance were - 5±3.20 degrees, 7.80±0.77mm, 20.47±2.29 degrees and 1.27±0.77 respectively. Functionally 20 patients had good outcome, 32 patients had satisfactory outcome and 8 patients had poor outcome in terms of Mayo wrist scores.

Conclusion: Conservative management with cast is an effective treatment modality for Frykmans type I and II Colles fracture with satisfactory functional and radiological outcome.
Comparison of acute pressor effects of plain water, oral rehydration solution, and fruit juice ingestion in healthy young adults
Authors: Amatya Mrigendra , Oli K. , Pokhrel S. , Shrestha S.
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: Ingestion of plain water is associated with an acute rise in blood pressure, probably due to elicitation of a sympathetic reflex in patients with autonomic dysfunction. Whether the pressor response is similar in healthy individuals is disputed. Other types of fluid could have different effects. Comparison of the pressor effects of plain water ingestion with other types of fluids has been reported scantily.

Material and methods: In a cross-over experimental study, young medical students ingested 500 mL of plain water (PW), 500 mL of oral rehydration salt solution (ORS), or 400 mL of commercial fruit juice (FJ) on separate days, with at least two days’ gap. Their heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP: systolic, SBP and diastolic, DBP) were recorded before, immediately after (0 min), and at 2, 5, 20, and 40 min after fluid ingestion and compared with baseline values.

Results: Sixty nine apparently healthy medical students (40 males and 29 females, age range 18-24 years) participated in the study. Compared to baseline, SBP and DBP were significantly higher at 0, 2, and 5 min measurements with ORS and FJ; then lowered at 20 and 40 min. With the PW, BP changes were not significant at any time of measurement. In all experimental set ups, HR increased significantly at 0, 2, and 5 min and lowered to near baseline levels then after.

Conclusion: Ingestion of ORS and FJ, but not PW, is associated with acute pressor effects in healthy young adults. This finding could have implications on the choice of fluid for prophylaxis in hypotensive conditions such as blood donation, postural hypotension, and autonomic dysfunction.
Invariance of Domain for Operators of Class AG(S+)
Authors: Adhikari Dhruba R.
Published: July 2020

Let X be a real reflexive Banach space and X∗ its dual space. Let T : X ⊃ D(T) → 2X∗ An operator of class AG(S+), where G ⊂ X is open. An invariance of domain result for T is established. This result extends a similar result of Park for single-valued operators of type (S+). The Skrypnik’s topological degree theory is used, utilizing approximating schemes of mappings of class AG(S+), along with the methodology of a recent invariance of domain result by Kartsatos and the author.
Relation Between BMO and A2 Weight Functions
Authors: K.C. Durga Jang , Ghimire Santosh
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we relate Bounded Mean Oscillation (BMO) function and A2 weight function. We show that logarithm of any A2 function is a BMO function and every BMO function is equal to a constant multiple of the logarithm of an A2 weight function. Moreover, we show that logarithm of any Ap weight function for 1 < p < ∞ is a BMO function.
Diffusion Approximation to Radiation Heat Transfer in Semitransparent Medium
Authors: Khanal Harihar , Uprety Kedar Nath
Published: July 2020

Conduction-radiation heat transfer problem is usually formulated with a highly nonlinear integrodifferential equation. In this paper we describe a simple technique for modeling radiation heat transfer in a semi-transparent medium with arbitrary varying spectral absorption coefficient and purpose a computational model (described by a coupled system of elliptic-parabolic PDEs) based on flux limited diffusion theory. Numerical simulations of a glass cooling problem in one dimension show that the proposed method is comparable to a higher order discrete ordinate (S8) method.
Ermakov Equation and Camssa-Holm Waves
Authors: Rosu Haret C. , Mancas Stefan C.
Published: July 2020

Since the works of [1] and [2], it is known that the solution of the Ermakov equation is an important ingredient in the spectral problem of the Camassa-Holm equation. Here, we review this interesting issue and consider in addition more features of the Ermakov equation which have an impact on the behavior of the shallow water waves as described by the Camassa-Holm equation.
Modeling of Indoor Air Flow Distribution in a Naturally Ventilated Kitchen
Authors: Sapkota Buddhi P. , Uprety Kedar N. , Khanal Harihar , Bhave Prakash V.
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the modeling of indoor air pollution in a naturally ventilated kitchen based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to assess its ventilation effectiveness. The 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with conservation of total energy are solved numerically using ANSYS-Fluent software and the pollutant paths are investigated from the profiles of velocity, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy and temperature throughout different sections of the kitchen. Experimental verification is made through the measurement of indoor air contaminant in the same kitchen. The simulation results agree well with the on-site measured data.
A Review on the Structure and Properties of the Escaping Set of Transcendental Entire Functions
Authors: Subedi Bishnu Hari , Singh Ajaya
Published: July 2020

For a transcendental entire function f, we study the structure and properties of the escaping set I(f) which consists of points whose iterates under f escape to infinity. We concentrate on Eremenko’s conjecture and we review some attempts of its proofs. A significant amount of progress in Eremenko’s conjecture has been made possible via fast escaping set A(f) which consists points that escape to infinity as fast as possible. This set can be written as union of closed sets, called levels of A(f). We review classes of functions for which A(f) and each of its levels has the structure of infinite spider’s web. In general, we study classes of entire functions for which the escaping set I(f) is a spider’s web. Spider’s web is a recently investigated structure of I(f) that gives new results in the direction of Eremenko’s conjecture.
Abstract Earliest Arrival Transshipment with Network Reconfiguration
Authors: Dhungana Ram Chandra , Dhamala Tanka Nath
Published: July 2020

The abstract flow model is the generalization of network flow model which deals with the flow paths (routes) satisfying the switching property. Contraflow model increases the flow value by reversing the required arc directions from the sources to the sinks. In this paper, we integrate the concepts of abstract flow and contraflow to introduce abstract earliest arrival transshipment contraflow model in multi-terminal abstract network. The abstract contraflow on multi-terminal dynamic network is NP-Complete. We present an efficient approximation algorithm to solve the problem. This approach satisfies the demand of sinks by sending optimal flow at every possible time point and seeks to eliminate the crossing conflicts.
Bioheat Transfer Equation in Living Tissue and Some Applications
Authors: Gurung Dil Bahadur
Published: July 2020

Mathematical formulation for heat transfer in living tissue is different than an inert material, and is a current growing research interest area for many researchers due to its wide applications in many medical therapies and physiological studies. This interest stems from the rapid advancement of computational technology and advanced numerical mathematical techniques. The paper focuses on review on basic formulations of bio-heat equation proposed so far by several authors in the living tissue and its some applications.
Transforming Analytically Intractable Dynamical Systems with a Control Parameter into a Tractable Ginzburg-Landau Equation: Few Illustrations
Authors: Kanchana C. , Siddheshwar P.G.
Published: July 2020

In the paper a means of making a simplified study of dynamical systems with a control parameter is presented. The intractable, third-order classical Lorenz system, the Lorenz-like Chen system and two topologically dissimilar fifth-order Lorenz systems are considered for illustration. Using the multi-scale method, these systems are reduced to an analytically tractable first-order Ginzburg-Landau equation (GLE) in one of the amplitudes. The analytical solution of the GLE is used to find the remaining amplitudes.
The Political Defence of the Commons: The Case of Community Networks
Authors: Tréguer Félix , Dulong de Rosnay Melanie
Published: July 2020

This article reflects on experiences of political advocacy which have been led by Community Networks activists in Germany, France and Spain to support the sustainability of bottom-up initiatives aiming at building community-owned telecom infrastructures, or “telecommons”. While pointing to the diversity of action repertoires used by various Community Networks across Europe, the article points to the potential of these instances of political advocacy to democratise both telecommunications and policy-making in the telecom sector, an area that is prone to both eviction of small actors and regulatory capture by special economic interests. It also suggests that their repertoires offer a set of reproducible tactics available to very small actors without dedicated advocacy staff or budget. Speaking to the inventiveness of grassroots initiatives, the article concludes by analysing the potential and pitfalls of political advocacy for small-scale social movements working for the political defence of the commons, and communities which are under risk of enclosure and capitalist co-optation.
The present set of winter bread wheat varieties in the Voronezh region according to their species
Authors: Titarenko A. V. , Rylkov I. V. , Presnyakova U. A.
Published: July 2020

The current paper has presented the analysis of the structure of sown areas under winter bread wheat in the Voronezh region in 2016–2018, and there has been established a recent increase the share of the varieties lutescens L. In order to substantiate the present tendency, there have been also used the study results of the varietal set of the Eryshevsky State Varietal Plot of the Voronezh region. The field trials on the Plot to study winter bread wheat productivity were carried out according to the Method of the State Variety Testing for Agricultural Crops (1989), grain quality was estimated by the methods described in the reference book “Grain quality estimation” (1987), and according to the recommendations for the corresponding devices. The data on varietal sowings of winter wheat was provided by the Department of Agricultural Policy of the Voronezh Region. According to the study results, there have been shown the main originators on the market of varieties in the winter bread wheat sowings, as well as in the State Variety Testing. There has been identified a presence of two varieties erythrospermum (er.) and lutescens (lut.) in the set of varieties, and shown their correlation and interrelationship among the originators. In the State Variety Testing there has been noted a significant increase in wheat varieties from foreign farms and varieties of lutescens. According to the study results, when averaging the obtained productivity data and grain quality indicators at the the Eryshevsky State Varietal Plot, there hasn’t been found any significant difference between winter bread wheat varieties of the lutescens and erythrospermum varieties. There has been given average data on productivity and grain quality of varieties obtained from various originators.
The characteristics of the winter durum wheat varieties according to grain quality and pasta properties
Authors: Kravchenko N. S. , Samofalova N. E. , Oldyreva I. M. , Makarova T. S.
Published: July 2020

The current paper has presented the study results of grain quality and pasta properties of the new and promising winter durum wheat varieties developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2016–2018. The purpose of the study was to evaluate winter durum wheat varieties according to such traits as grain quality and pasta properties to identify the best genotypes and recommend them for use in the breeding process and wider introduction into production. There have been identified the varieties “Yubilyarka” (96%), “Kristella” (94%), “Lakomka” (92%), “Diona” and “Yantarina” (91%) with maximum values of general hardness. All studied genotypes have formed the nature weight of grain corresponding to a first quality class (from 786–814 g/l). There have been identified the varieties “Kristella” (13.9%), “Donchanka” (13.8%), “Diona” (14.0%), “Yakhont” (14.0%), “Yubilyarka” (13.6%), “Yantarina” (13.7%), “Uslada” (13.6%), “Zoloto Dona” (13.6%), “Solntsedar” (13.9%) and “Almaz Dona” (13.5%) with protein percentage in grain corresponding to a first quality class. As a result of the study, it was found that all the studied varieties had good rheological properties of gluten and formed a DCI from 80 units (the variety “Eyrena”) to 102 units (the variety “Donchanka”) and belonged to the 2-nd group. The varieties “Diona”, “Eyrena”, “Yakhont”, “Yantarina” and “Solntsedar” had high rheological properties of dough. There have been identified the genotypes of the varieties “Donchanka” (613 μg/%), “Solntsedar” (626 μg/%) and “Almaz Dona” (630 μg/%) with the maximum concentration of carotenoid pigments, which could be used as sources to improve the trait “carotenoid content”. Throughout the years of study, the varieties were characterized by high indices of dry pasta color (4–5 points). According to a brittle strength of dry pasta there have been identified the varieties “Kristella” (775 g), “Donchanka” (774 g), “Diona” (757 g), “Yantarina” (782 g), “Solntsedar” (766 g) and “Dinas” (769 g) with the best indices of the trait. The varieties identified both by a single and by a set of traits characterizing grain quality of winter durum wheat and its final products, can be used in the breeding process as an adaptive initial material. The introduction of the best varieties into production will partly solve the problem of deficiency of high-quality durum wheat in the south of Russia.
The study of correlation between productivity and morphobiological traits of the collection peas samples
Authors: Ashiev A. R. , Khabibullin K. N.
Published: July 2020

The current paper has presented the study results of correlation between productivity and morphobiological traits of the collection peas samples. The study was carried out at the FSBSI “AgriculturalResearchCenter“Donskoy”, located in the southern part of theRostovregion. The purpose of the study was to analyze the correlation between the quantitative traits of collection peas samples and their productivity. The study of the pea collection was conducted in the collection nursery of pea in 2017–2019, in accordance with the IPI methodology for the study of legumes (1975), the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops (2019) and the methodology of a fi trial (2012). The objects of the study were 100 samples of pea of domestic and foreign breeding taken from the world collection of VIGR named after N. I. Vavilov. The variety “Aksaysky Usaty5”was used as a standard variety. The forecrop was winter wheat. The sowing of the collection samples was carried out in the third decade of March with the SSFK-7 seeder, with a seeding rate of million germinating seeds per1 ha, with a row width of15 cm. The plots contained seven rows. The plot area was5 m2 with a single repetition. The registration plot was0.25 m2. There has been identifi that in 2017-2019 the average productivity ranged from 1.12 t/ha (“Omega”,Moldova) to 2.82 t/ha (“Kazanets”, Rossiya) with average 2.13 t/ha in the collection. The most productive samples were plants with a plant height of 45–55 cm, an average number of beans 2.7–3.3 pcs/plant, 1000 seed weight of 210–270 g, a vegetation period of 69–73 days, and seed weight per plant of 3.3–4.3 g, an average number of seeds 13–19 pcs/plant. The study results of correlation between productivity and morphobiological traits of the collection peas samples are going to be used as an initial material in further breeding work.
The choice of the terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for winter bread wheat in the southern part of the Rostov region
Authors: Sukharev A. A. , Zelenskaya G. M.
Published: July 2020

The current paper has presented the results of three years’ study (2012–2014) of the application of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for the winter bread wheat variety “Stanichnaya”. There has been studied efficiency of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing with various forecrops. There has been identified an effect of these additional fertilizing on winter bread wheat productivity according to the forecrops. In the control variant, the productivity of the variety according to the forecrop depended greatly on the forecrops: 5.52 t/ha (weedfree fallow), 5.26 t/ha (peas), 4.29 t/ha (maize for grains) and 3.57 t/ha (winter wheat). There has been identified large productivity in the autumn ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method (in all variants of the forecrops), the productivity raised on 0.38–0.73 t/ha. The study has shown that the economic effect of the ammonium nitrate fertilizing in the autumn was also at maximum profitability, 76–154%, and the conditional net income was 10 675–22 955 rubles/ha. The efficiency of ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring on thawed/frozen soil was lower, the productivity increase ranged from 0.21 t/ha sown after peas to 0.65 t/ha sown after maize. Root additional fertilizing with a seeder gave a positive effect only when the variety was sown after for winter wheat and maize, in that case the productivity increase was 0.52 t/ha and 0.46 t/ha, respectively. The conditional net income in these variants exceeded the control variant on 1574–2123 rubles/ha. Carbamide (urea) additional fertilizing was only effective for the variety sown after maize, where the productivity increase was 0.40 t/ha, but profitability (100%) and conditional net income (16 593 rubles/ha) were lower than with ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring (112% and 18 080 rubles/ha respectively).
Inheritance of quantitative traits of the rice hybrid F2-F3 Svetly × Mavr
Authors: Kostylev P. I. , Krasnova E. V. , Aksenov A. V. , Balyukova E. S.
Published: July 2020

Rice can form not only white, but also red, brown and black kernels. In black rice, pericarp kernels contain anthocyanin, which has an antioxidant effect and is beneficial to human health. The current paper is devoted to the development of new rice lines with black pericarp based on the hybrid Svetly × Mavr. The purpose of the work is to develop new forms of rice with anthocyanin pericarp by a hybridization of varieties with white and black kernels, a genetic analysis of a number of quantitative traits and by a selection of the best variants with compact vertical black-kernel panicles to use them in future breeding work. There has been conducted a genetic analysis of varying quantitative traits affecting the rice productivity. The cleavage by a pericarp color was carried out according to the type of recessive epistasis in a ratio of 9 : 3 : 4. The black color of the pericarp was formed in the presence of two dominant genes Pb and Pp in the genotype, the brown color was due to the Pb gene, the white color was due to the rest combinations of genes. The traits “plant height” and “number of spikelets per panicle” of the hybrids F2 and F3 were inherited by the type of superdomination of large values of the trait controlled by two loci, the interaction of which resulted in transgressive forms. According to the traits “panicle length” and “1000 kernel weight”, there has been identified intermediate monogenic inheritance and two-peaked characteristic frequency distribution curves. There have been identified rice forms with black pericarp color, combining the optimal values of the traits “plant height”, increased “panicle length”, “number of spikelets per panicle” and “1000 kernel weight”. On its basis there has been also developed an initial material for practical breeding. The study was carried out in 2018–2020 on the fields of the EP “Proletarskoye” of the Rostov region.