bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Africa and Europe by using mitochondrial Cox1 and nuclear ITS2 markers
Authors: Kamtsap Pierre , Ngoufo Flore Nguemaïm , Ekale David , Yilak Abebual , Schnell Rahel , Akafyi Danlami Elisha , Garbi Mohamed , Kamgno Joseph , Djeunga Hugues C. Nana , Fouamno Henri Lucien Kamga , Paguem Archile , Renz Alfons
Published: July 2023

Background
Black flies are present worldwide and are represented by 2,348 species (2,331 living species and 17 fossils) classified under 31 genera. In Africa, 124 species of black flies have been described, of which 55 are known to occur in Cameroon. However, these identifications are all based on morphology and, for S. damnosum only, on cytotaxonomic studies. Little has yet been achieved by modern molecular genetic techniques. In this study, we have applied DNA-based techniques to investigate the diversity and evolution of Simulium flies to improve vector control.
Methods
Simulium larvae and pupae were randomly collected from various Simulium breeding sites in rivers from five countries (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Tunisia, Nigeria and Germany). Adult Simulium flies were caught on humans in Cameroon, Nigeria and Ethiopia. Pupal gills were examined and photographed in a drop of polyvinyl-lactophenol. Genomic DNA was extracted and the CoxI and ITS2 genes were targeted by the polymerase chain reaction. The amplification products were sequenced and trees were drawn. Sequences were refined using Geneious Prime and evolutionary analyses were conducted in Mega-X 10.5.
Results
More than 54 sample collections were included in this study, of which about 1,000 individual larvae, pupae or adult flies from the various sites were examined. Twenty-five species were identified on the basis of their morphology and DNA-sequencing: Simulium damnosum s.l.; S. unicornutum; S. katangae; S. hisurtum; S. cervicornutum; S. schoutedeni; S. alcocki; S. dentulosum (A; B and C); S. ruficorne; S. hargreavesi v. medusaeforme; S. hargreavesi; S. adersi; S. pseudequinum; S. (Eusimulium) latipes; S. (Odagmia) ornatum; S. (Wilhelmia) equinum; S. vorax; S. nigritarsis duboisi; S. kenyae; S. velutinum; S. aureum; S. angustipes; S. bovis; S. tuberosum; S. rodhaini). Sequences of the previously undescribed species are deposited in GenBank.
Conclusions
We show, for the first time, the relationship between the morphology and molecular data of some black flies from Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tunisia and Germany. These data are important for understanding the transmission and life-cycles of Simulium-borne parasites: Moreover, knowledge concerning the various members of the S. damnosum complex in the rainforest and savannah is a prerequisite for the successful elimination of the parasite Onchocerca volvulus in Africa.
Co-Culture of Acinetobacter johnsonii and Shewanella putrefaciens contributes to ABC transporter that impacts cold adaption in aquatic food storage environment
Authors: Wang Xin-Yun , Yan Jun , Xie Jing
Published: July 2023

Background: Acinetobacter johnsonii and Shewanella putrefaciens were identified as specific spoilage organisms in aquatic food. The interactions among specific spoilage organisms under cold stress have a significant impact on the assembly of microbial communities, which play crucial roles in spoilage and cold adaptation processes. The co-culture of Acinetobacter johnsonii and Shewanella putrefaciens under cold stress was determined at protein and metabolism levels, which remain largely unknown, leading to a poor understanding of the interactions between A. johnsonii and S. putrefaciens in the mediated cold adaptation mechanism.
Results The results of 4D-quantitative proteomic analysis showed that co-culture of A. johnsonii and S. putrefaciens responds to low temperatures through ABC transporter proteins, resulting in phospholipid transport and inner membrane components. Based on KEGG enrichment analysis, SapA and FtsX proteins were significantly up-regulated, while LolC, LolD, LolE, PotD, PotA, PotB, PotC proteins were significantly down-regulated, respectively. Furthermore, data from metabolomeassays revealed that metabolites of Glutathione, Spermidine/Putrescin were significantly up-regulated, while metabolites of Arginine/Lysine/Ornithine were significantly down-regulated involved in ABC transporter metabolism. The co-culture of A. johnsonii and S. putrefaciens under cold stress significantly increased the activities of Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and ATPase, resulting in substantial changes in membrane properties in response to cold stress. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that co-culture in A. johnsoniiand S. putrefaciens surface combined with the presence of the leakage of intracellular contents, suggesting that the bacteria was severely damaged and wrinkled to absorb metabolic nutrients and adapt to cold temperatures.
Conclusions: Our study sheds new light on the significance of co-culturing A. johnsonii and S. putrefaciens under cold stress, as evidenced by proteomic and metabolomic analyses, as well as ultramicroscopic morphology. Based on the co-culture of A. johnsonii and S. putrefaciens, the ABC transporter exhibited the ability to enhance cold adaptation and facilitate microbial protein and metabolic interactions in the aquatic food storage environment.
Cost Effective Analysis and role of Liv-52 and Ursodeoxycholic acid in Anti-Tubercular induced Hepatotoxicity: A Randomized Open Controlled Monocentric Study
Authors: Reshu Kumari , Murti Krishna , Meenakshi Sarasa , Kumar Nitesh , Dhingra Sameer , Ravichandiran V , Vishwas Gopal , Pandey Krishna
Published: July 2023

Background
Anti-tubercular medications can cause hepatic degradation in patients on first-line therapy. However, the hepatoprotective medications used as an encounter therapy to protect the patients. Hepatoprotective drugs like Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and Liv-52 are proven safe and effective, the high cost of UDCA raises concerns for prescribing. This study aimed to compare UDCA's cost-effectiveness with Liv-52.
Materials & Methods
A randomized open-label controlled trial conducted at Rajendra Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna. The study participants were recruited based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into two groups, i.e., Group A (n = 28) and Group B (n = 27), where Liv-52 and UDCA drugs were prescribed. To compare the cost-effectiveness of this regimens LFT and cost related data were gathered from each patient, Incremental Cost Effective Ratio (ICER) was used to combine the results. SPSS v28 was used for final data analysis.
Results
A total of 80 patients were recruited initially, fifty seven patient data were included in the final analysis. The outcome measures included total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline Phosphatase. All the LFT clinical parameters are clinically significant but not statistically. But the Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Liv-52 and UDCA related to the change in Liver function test profile is statistically significant (p < 0.05) where UDCA is more costly than Liv-52.
Conclusion
The results demonstrated that the patients treated with Liv-52 and UDCA for 6 months had significantly better hepatoprotective activity and normal liver enzyme levels. We conclude that Liv-52 and UDCA possess hepatoprotective effects in tuberculosis patients, and when it related to cost effectiveness, Liv-52 is cheaper for the patients.
WITHDRAWN: A Microphase-Separated Design Toward an All-Round Ionic Hydrogel with Discriminable and Anti-Disturbance Multisensory Functions
Authors: Liang Jiajie , Liu Xue , JI Xinyi , Zhu Rongjie , Gu Jianfeng
Published: July 2023

Stretchable ionic hydrogels with superior all-round properties that can detect multimodal sensations with high discriminability to decouple multiple stimuli and high robustness against external disturbances are highly required for artificial electronic skin applications. However, some of the critical material parameters exhibit intrinsic tradeoffs with each other for most ionic hydrogels. Here, we demonstrate a microphase-separated hydrogel design by combining three strategies: (1) the use of a low crosslinker/monomer ratio to obtain highly entangled polymer chains as the first network; (2) the introduction of zwitterions into the first network; (3) the synthesis of a ultrasoft polyelectrolyte as the second network. This approach creates an all-round elastic ionic hydrogel with a skin-like Young’s modulus (< 60 kPa), large stretchability (> 900%), high resilience (> 95%), low hysteresis (< 5%), unique strain-stiffening behavior, excellent fatigue tolerance, high ionic conductivity (> 2.0 S/m), and anti-freezing capability, which were not achieved with previous ionic hydrogels. These comprehensive properties allow the ionic hydrogel to operate as a stretchable multimodal sensor that can detect and decouple multiple stimuli (temperature, pressure, and proximity) with both high discriminability and sensitivity. It also shows strong sensing robustness against large strains and subzero temperature perturbations. The ionic hydrogel sensor exhibits great potential for intelligent electronic skin applications such as reliable health monitoring and accurate object identification.
Perception of Female Staff Towards the Involvement of Obstetrics and Gynecology Patients in Medical Students’ Training
Authors: Aljunaid Linda
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To determine the perception of female healthcare providers towards the involvement of medical students in obstetrics and gynecology training.
Methods: This was an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire to female healthcare providers regarding medical students’ training in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department in 2013 (n=114) and repeated in 2021 (n=105). Descriptive analyses were done. Comparison of the variables between 2013 and 2021 was performed using a paired t-test. The p-value was considered significant if p<0.05.
Results: A total of 219 healthcare providers participated in the study. Their perception regarding femalepatients’ acceptance of medical students was low. This increased from 81.6% (n=114) in 2013 to 93.3% (n=105) in 2021 towards male students (p=0.01). Similar findings were perceived towards female medical students. Agreement on the use of simulation-based training for male medical students increased from 53.5% (n=114) to 70.5% (n=105) (p=0.01). The percentage of healthcare providers who disagreed with having a vaginal examination by a male obstetrician increased from 39.5% (n=114) to 54.3% (n=105) (p=0.02).
Conclusions:
The study raises concerns regarding the clinical exposure of medical students during OBGYN training. Male medical students remain at a disadvantage during their training. Greater attention might be needed towards educating healthcare providers to encourage patients’ engagement during clinical training sessions. Simulation-based training should be incorporated within medical curriculums.
“I’m getting it!”: How Parents Describe Change Following Attendance at Mindfulness- Enhanced Behavioral Parent Training
Authors: Donovan Mark O. , Barkus Emma , Pickard Judy A. , Risi Alixandra , Herbert Jane S.
Published: July 2023

Many parents feel overwhelmed and seek professional assistance in response to their child’s behaviors. Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programs offer an increasingly popular alternative to the traditional gold standard behavioral parent training (BPT). This study explored parents’ descriptions of change following attendance at a mindfulness-enhanced behavioral parent training group program (MeBPT). Our aim was to examine how mindfulness and behavioral components are featured in parents’ change narratives. Semistructured interviews were conducted with parents (N = 9) of 3–12-year-old children, who attended the program 6 months earlier. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Identified themes were triangulated with qualitative comments fromN = 266 postgroup parent evaluations and relevant theory. Four themes characterized parents’ change narratives: noticing the struggle, being a mindful parent, trying to implement behavioral strategies, and the importance of the relationship. Parents integrated both mindfulness and behavioral principles in their change narratives, varied in which components were most highly valued, and reported mixed success in applying behavioral parenting strategies. Themes supported the construct validity of mindful parenting mechanisms and measures. Integrating mindfulness components within BPT programs appears to be valued by parents and may represent the next evolution in parenting interventions.
WITHDRAWN: Novel splicing variants in ARR3 gene cause the female- limited early-onset high myopia
Authors: Niu Jianing , Zhu Weili , Jin Xiaoying , Teng Xiaoming , Zhang Junyu
Published: July 2023

X-linked heterozygous variants in ARR3 have been associated with the development of female-limited early-onset high myopia (eoHM). However, the clinical validity of this gene-disease association has yet to be systematically assessed. In this study, we identified two novel ARR3 splicing variants in two Chinese families affected by eoHM. Using minigene approach and RNA analyses, we found that both variants result in aberrant mRNA fragments, retaining a segment of the adjacent intron. The aberrant mRNA produced by c.39 + 1G > A variant and c.100 + 4A > G variant were both predicted to introduce a premature termination codon, resulting in a truncated protein. Additionally, we curated the clinical validity of ARR3 and eoHM as as "Definitive" using the ClinGen Gene Curation Framework. Thus, our study not only demonstrated that two novel ARR3 splicing variants are associated with eoHM but also confirmed the clinical validity of ARR3 and eoHM.
Sensitive electrochemical detection of L-Cysteine in milk sample based on Cobalt-CNT composite modified screen-printed gold electrode
Authors: Xiang Miao , Li Yiyi , Liu Jin , Xiao Ling , Pei Jiameng , Yang Biru , Liao Tangbin , Tang Li-Na
Published: July 2023

The detection and quantification of cysteine in various food industries is crucial. An electrochemical sensor was developed using a screen-printed gold electrode (GE) that was modified with a nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) (CoPC/CNTs) for sensitive detection of L-Cysteine in milk. The CoPC/CNTs nanocomposite was synthesized using ultrasound, and then deposited onto the polished surface of the GE using an electrochemical method. The designed sensor was highly sensitive and specific, owing to the favorable catalytic properties of CoPC and the excellent electron transport capacity of CNTs. The results demonstrated that the CoPC/CNTs sensor was capable of real-time detection of L-Cysteine from 1 µM to 1 mM with a low detection limit of 0.52 µM and excellent selectivity and stability. Moreover, the developed electrodes were used to detect cysteine in milk samples, achieving a recovery rate of 95%-98%. This work provides reliable technical support for the field of food analysis and detection.
Analog circuit fault diagnosis based on feature attention
Authors: Du Xianjun , Cao Lei
Published: July 2023

Aiming at the troubles of effective extraction of fault features, large model calculation, low-accuracy diagnosis and poor stability, this paper proposes an analog circuit fault diagnosis method that is based on an improved CNN-Transformer model. To achieve comprehensive and effective extraction of fault features, one-dimensional convolution is implemented to obtain the local features in the data, and multi-head attention is employed to catch the global features. A Sallen-Key band-pass filter, a fourth-order state-variable filter and a Butterworth low-pass filter circuits are applied as the experimental subjects for comparison to verify the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed CNN-Transformer method. The results indicate that of the suggested CNN-Transformer model is able to effectively enhance diagnostic accuracy and stability, achieve accurate diagnosis and localization of circuit fault components, which could be a helpful reference for engineering practice in analog circuit fault diagnosis.
Identification and designed QTL breeding of reliable QTLs for milling quality and grain shape in the reciprocal introgression lines in rice
Authors: Emelin Mwenda , Qiu Xianjin , Fan Fangjun , Alami Md. , Faruquee Muhiuddin , Hu Hui , Xu Junying , Yang Jie , Xu Haiming , Ali Jauhar , Liu Bailong , Shi Yumin , Li Zhikang , Zhang Luyan , Zheng Tianqing , Xu Jianlong
Published: July 2023

Milling quality (MQ) and grain shape (GS) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are correlated traits and both determining farmers’ final profit. More than one population under multiple environments may provide valuable information for breeding selection on this MQ-GS correlations. However, suitable analytical methods for reciprocal introgression lines with linkage map for this kind of correlation remains unclear. In this study, our objectives were (1) to provide a set of reciprocal introgression lines (composed by two BC2RIL populations) suitable for mapping by linkage mapping using markers/bins with physical positions; (2) to test mapping effect by MQ-GS correlation dissection by different mapping methods; (3) to perform genetic and breeding simulation to pyramid favorite alleles of QTLs for representative MQ-GS traits. Finally, with four analysis methods and data collected under five environments, we identified about 28.4 loci in average for MQ-GS traits. It’s notable that 52.3% of these loci were commonly detected by different methods and eight loci were novel. There were also nine regions harboring loci for different MQ-GS traits which may be underlying the MQ-GS correlations. Background independent (BI) loci were also found for each MQ and GS trait. All these information may provide useful data for rice molecular breeding.
Longitudinal Assessment of Left Ventricle Systolic Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: R DEEPIKA B , Nayak Krishnananda , Lalani Kanhai R , K Abdul Razak U , Nayak Vidya , Samanth Jyothi
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The present study aimed to longitudinally evaluate LV systolic function among patients who underwent primary PCI for acute MI on the basis of culprit vessel.
Methods: A Cohort study was conducted involving 258 patients who underwent primary angioplasty for Acute MI. Each participant underwent an initial echocardiography assessment using a range of methods, including M-mode and two-dimensional measurements, as well as strain and strain rate parameters. Subjects were followed up for a period of one month to assess the LV systolic function.
Results: A significant improvement in LV global strain noted after one month of revascularization (p value=0.013). A significant decrease in Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) value is noted in patients who had major adverse cardiac events (MACE) when compare to event free group. Wall motion score index value and LV end systolic volume were significantly higher in MACE category than event free category.
Conclusion: A study demonstrated an enhancement in left ventricular (LV) systolic function,when measured using Speckle tracking echocardiography than LVEF irrespective of culprit vessel. MACE occurred in 4.3% of Acute MI patients even after successful PCI. The Baseline LV EF and Wall motion score index was proved to be independent predictor of Major adverse cardiac events at one-month follow-up than LV strain.
Flipped Classroom Effects on the Effectiveness of CPR Training in Large Classes by Influencing Medical Students' Self-efficacy
Authors: Wang Xin , Mao Min , Qian Dandan
Published: July 2023

Flipped classroom (FC) is an instructional approach that puts students at the center of their learning. It involves learning the material before class and then applying it in class. Studies have shown that compared to traditional learning (TL), FC has more advantages, especially for medical students who may face critical situations like cardiopulmonary arrest (CA). However, it is still unclear if FC works well in large classrooms. This study aims to investigate the effect of FC on both theory and skill of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in medical undergraduates in large classrooms. The study also explores self-efficacy in achieving high-quality CPR through FC. Furthermore, other factors are also considered to explore the possibility of FC to realize personalized studies, such as GPA stratification, gender, and class satisfaction. This quasi-experimental study used a control group and recruited students from the School of Second Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University in 2019. Students were divided into TL or FC, and each group was further divided into eight units based on GPA. After eight months, a CPR skill test was conducted to assess CPR retention. The study concludes that FC can improve CPR theory and skill for medical undergraduates in large classrooms. Additionally, students in FC retain better CPR skill after eight months, especially for situational CPR.
The Virtual Bonds: Unveiling the Influence of Social Networking Sites on College Students
Authors: ALI SHAHEEN EFRAH
Published: July 2023

Purpose –The purpose of this study is to gain insights into students' usage, purpose, and behavior regarding social media, investigate the relationship between social media use and academic performance, and explore the average time spent by students on social media.
Research Methodology–The study employed a descriptive research design, convenience sampling to gather data from 100 college students in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire, and analysis was conducted using MS Excel with the frequency and percentage method.
Findings –The study found that most surveyed students, especially those aged 18-21, primarily used social media for chatting and studying. The study also identified potential drawbacks of social media, including time consumption and the risk of cyberbullying.
Research limitations/implications –One limitation of this study is the reliance on self-reported data may be subject to response bias which may affect the generalizability of the findings.
Practical implications –The insights provided by this study can inform educational institutions and policymakers about the impact of social networking sites on college students.
Originality/value –This study provides original insights into their social media behavior, the relationship between social media use & academic performance and the average time spent on social media.
Is the Quality of Governance a Precursor for Regional Disparity or Prosperity?
Authors: Maket Isaiah
Published: July 2023

This study looks at the impetus of quality of state governance in supporting regional inclusiveness akin to developing the Sub-Saharan African region. Whereas the intrinsic value of state governance quality as anecdotes of better development in unique ways is universally accepted and portrays the notion of an inclusive society, its fundamental significance as a path toward equal income distribution and inclusive economic performance is still scantily understood despite the widely emerging literature. This paper's main aim is twofold: review the rising literature and, in a unique way, take a deeper look at the link between the quality of governance and regional disparity or prosperity. Secondly, the paper evaluates where the developing Sub-Saharan Africa stands in various measures of quality of governance and how it influences income inequality. The study utilizes balanced panel data from 22 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2021. Further, the study models the relationships between the variables using Panel Fixed Effects (Panel FE-IV) and generalized system method of moments (SsyGMM). The findings show a significant positive link between government effectiveness and income inequality. Also, the results show the non-significant role of FDI in explaining increasing income inequality in SSA, paving the way for future research to interrogate the essence of FDI in promoting economic prosperity, primarily when the SSA region is heavily relying upon FDI inflows for development.
Correlation Matrix as a Smart Filter for Malware Classification Using Ensemble of Novel Feature Selection Algorithms
Authors: Cürebal Faruk , Demirkıran Ferhat , Çayır Aykut , Dağ Hasan
Published: July 2023

While the development of technology has made our lives easier, our dependence on it has also increased. Cybercriminals develop various types of malware to exploit this dependency. Thus, study of malware, for example, malware classification, is essential for security researchers and incident response teams to take the necessary action against it to prevent or reduce the damage intended. This paper investigates the importance of features in a given malware dataset. To this end, we combine three recently proposed feature selection methods: Leave One Feature Out (LOFO) Importance, Feature Relevance-based Unsupervised Feature Selection (FRUFS), and A General Framework for Auto-Weighted Feature Selection via Global Redundancy Minimization (AGRM) to find the most effective subset of features for the objective at hand. This preprocessing is important as it allows working with fewer features, reducing the dimension of the problem at hand. We use the feature subsets from these three different feature selection methods with three different models: Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), and Histogram-Based Gradient Boosting (HGB) classifiers using a stacking ensemble. From the nine prediction probabilities obtained, we eliminated the prediction probabilities containing similar information by setting a threshold in the correlation matrix. By inputting the final prediction probabilities to the Support Vector Machine (SVM) meta-classifier, we aim to display how effective the proposed scheme could be. Our proposed model obtains an average of 1.2% better classification accuracy than the tested feature selection methods on one of the well-known and most widely used malware datasets (Microsoft Malware Prediction dataset).
Unsupervised domain adaptation of dynamic extension networks based on class decision boundaries
Authors: Chen Yuanjiao , Wang Diao , Zhu Darong , Xu Zhe , He Bishi
Published: July 2023

In response to the problems of inaccurate feature alignment, loss of source domain information, imbalanced sample distribution, and biased class decision boundaries in traditional unsupervised domain adaptation methods, this paper proposes a class decision boundary-based dynamic expansion network unsupervised domain adaptation method called CDE-Net. Specifically, our method dynamically expands the autoencoder-based network structure, which can preserve source domain feature information while gradually adapting to the target domain data distribution and learning useful feature information from the target domain. Meanwhile, by minimizing clustering loss and conditional entropy loss, CDE-Net can explore the intrinsic structure of the data and push class decision boundaries away from dense data areas. We experimentally verify our method on three medical image datasets, chest X-rays, intracranial hemorrhage, and mammography, and achieve an average AUC improvement of 25.8% or more compared to non-transfer methods. In addition, we compare our method with previous unsupervised domain adaptation methods, and the experimental results show that our method achieves better classification accuracy and generalization performance.
Kritisches Denken lehren: Inklusionsorientierte Konzeption von Lernarchitekturen und Aufgabenformaten
Authors: Rott David , Kohnen Marcus
Published: July 2023

Untersucht wird, wie über den Einsatz von Dilemmata als spezifisches Aufgabenformat Kritisches Denken im inklusiven Unterricht gelehrt und gelernt werden kann. Hierfür werden theoretische Grundlagen zum Kritischen Denkens aufgezeigt und Dilemmata genauer dargestellt. Im empirischen Teil des Beitrags werden Fragebogendaten von Schüler:innen der Sekundarstufe 1 (N=225) zu einem Dilemma ausgewertet, in dem Umwelt- und Tierschutzfragen gegen wirtschaftliche und soziale Interessen gestellt werden. Das Antwortverhalten der Schüler:innen wird diskutiert. Über rekonstruktive Verfahren werden dann interaktionale Prozesse genauer untersucht, die bei einer Bearbeitung des gleichen Dilemmas in einer Gruppenarbeitssituation (N=2) audiographiert wurden. Aus den gewonnenen Ergebnissen können einerseits die Antwortperspektiven der Schüler:innen genauer untersucht werden. Andererseits lassen sich daraus Rückschlüsse ziehen, wie Dilemmata im inklusiven Unterricht aufgebaut und gestaltet sein sollten, damit alle Schüler:innen die Möglichkeit erhalten, sich aktiv in die Arbeitsprozesse einzubringen.
 
Abstract
It is investigated how critical thinking can be taught and learned in inclusive education by using dilemmas as a specific task format. For this purpose, theoretical foundations of critical thinking are presented and dilemmas are described in more detail. In the empirical part of the study, questionnaire data of students of secondary school level 1 (N=225) are analyzed. In the dilemma environmental and animal protection issues are posed against economic and social interests. The response behavior of the students is discussed. Using reconstructive methods, interactional processes are then examined in more detail, which were audiographed during a processing of the same dilemma in a group work situation (N=2). From the results obtained, on the one hand, the response perspectives of the students can be examined more closely. On the other hand, conclusions can be drawn from the results as to how dilemmas must be structured and designed in inclusive teaching so that all students have the opportunity to actively participate in the work processes.
Perceptions of Board Members on the Presence of Pharmacists as Strategic Leaders of Manufacturing Pharmaceutical Companies Operating in South Africa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mayimele Ms Nsovo , Demana Patrick , Keele Mothobi
Published: July 2023

Life-saving medicines are produced by manufacturing pharmaceutical companies (MPCs) with operations worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unequal access to vaccines, which led to advocacy around health rights and MPCs needing to prioritise saving lives over profits. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of board members of the largest listed MPCs in South Africa regarding the presence of pharmacists in the strategic leadership of MPCs, as custodians of medicines. A snowball sampling method was used to identify board members of the listed MPCs on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The board members were approached and requested to participate in their capacity. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Transcription, coding and narrative thematic analysis was applied under five (5) themes with emerging themes identified. A theoretical framework was developed to describe pharmacists at the strategic leadership of an MPC. The data collected were from five (5) respondents (80% male and 20% female), with a mean age of 57 years (SD±=2,24), from medical, business and pharmacy professional backgrounds. The respondents indicated a limited presence of pharmacists in the strategic leadership of MPCs, especially the larger ones. The reasons for the limited presence included the narrow diversity of corporate and leadership skills necessary to lead at a strategic level by pharmacists. Some of the barriers to entry into strategic leadership by pharmacists included the lack of recognition of pharmacy specialisations by the regulator of the pharmacy profession, a mismatch of skills of a graduate and what the industry needs and inadequate governance of the pharmacy profession in South Africa. The respondents agreed that having a pharmacist with ambition, business skills, and experience would benefit the MPC and users of products manufactured. The role and need for pharmacists in the strategic leadership of MPCs was established. It is clear, however, that while pharmacists have value in the leadership of MPCs, their entry should be supported by diversifying their skills in business, leadership and corporate management to extend their value beyond the technical level.
A Conceptual Framework for Positive Black Female Identity Formation
Authors: Kala Burrell Craft  , Robinson Petra , Allen-Handy Ayana
Published: July 2023

Educating Black females about critical media literacy is a fundamental responsibility that should be shared by all who are concerned with the ways in which Black females navigate the world, especially because of the media’s pervasiveness. We proposed a conceptual framework for equipping Black females with the necessary critical media literacy (CML) skills to successfully recognize, decode, and deconstruct negative media messaging to develop a positive Black female identity. Utilizing the Critical Literacies Advancement Model (CLAM) as a foundation, we argued that critical theory can help in terms of developing a variety of critical, nontraditional literacies and to advance and promote positive Black female identity. Supported by the CLAM, we built our conceptual framework using Black Feminist Theory, critical media literacy, and critical consciousness, to outline a clear argument for the development of CML skills and critical consciousness to disrupt the perpetual cycle of subjugation of Black female identity.
Entanglement in the full state vector of boson sampling
Authors: Qiao Yulong , Huh Joonsuk , Grossmann Frank
Published: July 2023

The full state vector of boson sampling is generated by passing SS single photons through beam splitters of MM modes. We express the initial Fock state in terms of 2^{S-1}S−1 generalized coherent states, making possible the exact application of the unitary evolution. Due to the favorable polynomial scaling of numerical effort in MM, we can investigate Rényi entanglement entropies for moderate particle and huge mode numbers. We find symmetric Page curves with a maximum entropy at equal partition, which is almost independent on Rényi index. Furthermore, the maximum entropy as a function of mode index saturates for M\geq S^2M≥S2 in the collision-free subspace case. The asymptotic value of the entropy increases linearly with SS. In addition, we show that the build-up of the entanglement leads to a cusp in the asymmetric entanglement curve. Maximum entanglement is reached well before the mode population is distributed over the whole system.
Turkish-Arab Relations in the Axis of the Question of Palestine and the Establishment of Israel State
Authors: BOSTANCI Mustafa
Published: July 2023

The question of Palestine issue began when Jewish immigrants settled in Palestine from the 1880s and formed large colonies on the land they purchased, and it evolved into a chronic problem with the establishment of the State of Israel.

The recognition of Israel's independence by Türkiye induced intense reactions in the Arab Middle East and sabotaged the development process of Turkish-Arab relations. Following this act of recognition, Türkiye quickly became distanced to the region and despite all the moves attempted afterwards, Türkiye failed to erase its scars and the desired level of relations could not be achieved. Moreover, the impact of Türkiye's recognition of Israel was deeply felt in the Cyprus issue that emerged in the 1960s, and Türkiye was deprived of the support of the Arab States in this vital question. Considering this recognition and the question of Palestine as a whole, it is understood that Türkiye's abandonment of its stance in support of the Arabs is a concrete indicator of its inconsistency in its foreign policy.

In this article, the author aims to examine and clarify the question of Palestine and the impact of the foundation of Israel State on Turkish-Arab relations.
1954 Genel Seçiminin Van’daki Sonuçları Ve Kentteki Yansımaları
Authors: POLAT Süreyya
Published: July 2023

1946’da Türkiye’de çok partili hayata geçiş sürecinin ardından Demokrat Parti’nin (DP) siyasi bir figür olarak ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte tüm Türkiye’de olduğu gibi Van’da da siyasi yaşam canlanmaya başlamıştır. Ancak DP, Van’da 1946 seçimlerinden bir gün önce kurulduğu için seçimlere katılamamıştır. Sonrasında DP, ülkenin genelinde olduğu gibi Van’da da genişleme alanı bulmuştur. Ancak 1950 seçimlerinde 27 yıllık iktidarına son verdiği Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin (CHP) oy oranını Van’da geçememiş ve seçime katılan 3 milletvekilliğinden sadece birini kazanabilmiştir. DP, 1950’de yönetimi ele aldıktan sonra, yapılan yerel seçimlerde de oy oranını artırınca ülkede tek hakim güç haline gelmiştir. Parti bu gücünü, iktidarı devraldığı CHP’ye karşı on yıl boyunca kullanmıştır. Bu gelişmeler, iktidar muhalefet ilişkilerinde onarılması zor olan ağır yaralar açarken, iktidar, güçsüz düşürdüğü muhalefet karşısında, rahat bir nefes alma fırsatı bulmuştur. Siyasi alanda bunlar olurken DP, ülkede asıl meselenin ekonomi olduğunu düşündüğünden bu yönde faaliyetler icra etmeye başlamıştır. Ülkede görülen bu kalkınma ve ilerleme hamlelerinde, Amerika’dan alınan yardımların katkısı büyük olmuş, alınan krediler ithal makinelerin alınmasında kullanılmıştır. Ülkenin genelinde her iki parti arasında gelişen olaylar, Van’da da aynı şekilde zemin bulmuş ve partiler arası çekişme yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada 1954’te Van’da yapılan seçimler ve bu seçimlerde oy oranını yükselterek gücünü pekiştiren DP dönemi siyasi gelişmeleri dikkate alınacaktır.
A three-dimensional study of flow characteristics over different forms of stepped–labyrinth spillways in the skimming flow regime
Authors: Ghaderi Dana , Ebrahimnezhadian Hamzeh , Mollazadeh Mahdi
Published: July 2023

To improve the performance of stepped spillways, their combination with labyrinth spillways is an interesting topic. In this study, several labyrinth configurations of stepped spillways were presented. Validation of the numerical model was done using the results of the previous physical models. After that, three configurations including: conventional stepped, trapezoidal-labyrinth, and rectangular-labyrinth were modeled using the OpenFOAM model for the skimming flow regime. For simulation, the InterFOAM solver and RNG k–ε turbulence model were used. The results showed an increase of 34.7 and 21.1% in energy dissipation in the trapezoidal and rectangular stepped–labyrinth spillways compared to the conventional stepped type, for dc/h = 1.45 (the range of dc is between 8 and 14.5 cm). The flow velocity in the end step of the trapezoidal- and rectangular-labyrinth configuration is reduced by 50.5 and 31.1%, respectively. Furthermore, in the trapezoidal configuration, a 14.7% reduction in flow velocity has been achieved compared to the rectangular stepped–labyrinth configuration. The results showed that the minimum pressure on the vertical faces of the steps occurred in their upper half and the rectangular configuration has resulted in the highest amount of negative pressure. The turbulence kinetic energy, especially in trapezoidal configuration, has increased toward the downstream.
Caracterização física e suscetibilidade aos processos erosivos do município de Ilhéus-Bahia
Authors: Ferreira Silva Patrícia , De Amorim Silva Vinícius , Martinez Tolentino Gabriel , Fontes Baitz Ednice , Henrique Reis Claudio , Dos Santos Lisboa Gerson
Published: July 2023

Analisar a suscetibilidade fornece base para políticas de prevenção de riscos. O objetivo foi caracterizar os condicionantes ambientais de Ilhéus que contribuem para os processos erosivos. Além de avaliar a suscetibilidade dos fatores declividade, geologia, solos, intensidade pluviométrica, cobertura, uso e ocupação e identificar áreas em risco mediante elaboração de banco de dados contendo classes e valores de estabilidade/vulnerabilidade à erosão. Para  desenvolver a pesquisa foi necessário o levantamento de dados bibliográficos; tratamento de imagens digitais para a carta de declividade, geologia, solos, e o uso, ocupação e cobertura da terra com uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento via SIG, além de valores da precipitação média anual (mm) e duração do período chuvoso (meses); envolveu análise baseada na metodologia Crepani (2001), o grau de estabilidade das condicionantes ambientais, aliado aos pesos dos condicionantes ambientais pela AHP Calculator (SAATY, 1991); elaboração de equação multicritério para gerar o mapa final. Os resultados indicam a caracterização dos condicionantes ambientais e seu grau de estabilidade, além das áreas de vulnerabilidade muito alta, alta, média, baixa e muito baixa aos processos erosivos produzida com a integração dos mapeamentos. Obteve-se 19% da área estudada, vulnerabilidade média a muito alta, e vulnerabilidade muito baixa a baixa soma-se 82%.
Gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi jako zadanie gminy. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Popiół Ewelina
Published: July 2023

Celem artykułu jest wyodrębnienie i analiza zadań gminy w zakresie gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi. Postawione zostaną pytania o zakres i sposoby realizacji wskazanych zadań przez gminę. Ponadto zdefiniowane zostanie pojęcie odpadów komunalnych, a także przedstawiona zostanie ich klasyfikacja. Pozwoli to na sformułowanie wniosków na temat regulacji prawnych wyznaczających zadania gminy we wskazanym obszarze. W publikacji zostanie zastosowania metoda dogmatyczna.
Plea bargaining i skazanie bez rozprawy: krytyczne spojrzenie na negocjacje z prokuratorem w Polsce i USA
Authors: Wróbel Natalia
Published: July 2023

Plea bargaining i skazanie bez rozprawy: krytyczne spojrzenie na negocjacje z prokuratorem w Polsce i USA Streszczenie Artykuł ukazuje prawnoporównawczą analizę instytucji zakończenia postępowań karnych: plea bargaining w systemie prawa amerykańskiego oraz skazania bez rozprawy opartego na art. 335 k.p.k. w Polsce. Na podstawie orzecznictwa i statystyk z obydwu krajów, przeanalizowano zarówno korzyści związane z efektywnością postępowań, jak i wady obu systemów w szczególności dotyczące ewentualnych nacisków na oskarżonych do przyznania się do winy (USA) czy poszczególnych typów przestępstw i ich społecznej szkodliwości (Polska). W wyniku analizy porównawczej, artykuł ukazuje syntezę kluczowych podobieństw i różnic w podejściu do prawnoprocesowych porozumień w systemach prawa common law i civil law. Omówione zostały również implikacje wynikające z zastosowania obu instytucji, zarówno dla praktyki sądowej, jak i dla dalszego rozwoju teorii prawniczej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem potencjalnych reform i adaptacji rozwiązań. Artykuł opisuje także czynniki mające wpływ na aktualne tendencje w zakresie stosowania plea bargaining w poszczególnych krajach oraz dokonuje ich oceny z punktu widzenia roli procesu karnego.
Oral and Dental Anatomy
Authors: Gupta Shruti
Published: July 2023

The chapter covers the anatomy of the tooth, the oral cavity, enamel,
dentine, and pulp. It discusses the arrangement of teeth and also their individual and
peculiar anatomical features. Different types of nomenclature used all over the world
are discussed. It gives the student an overview of dental anatomy and introduces him to
necessary details.
Biomedical Waste Management
Authors: Kalra Namita
Published: July 2023

The chapter deals with the management of waste generated in a dental clinic.
It highlights the various steps for its disposal. In this chapter, the types of incinerators
are described. Tabulated directions are given on step-by-step recommendations for
disposal. It prepares the student for biomedical waste management. It also provides a
very important reference for the future dental chair side assistant.
Dental Materials
Authors: Sikka Neha
Published: July 2023

This chapter will provide an overview of various restorative and impression
materials used in a dental practice. The students will be explained how to handle and
manipulate various restorative materials and impression materials to attain their ideal
properties. Studying this topic is essential as the assistant helps to pace up the
restorative appointment by dispensing and mixing the cement bases and restorative
materials required while restoring the tooth and impression materials for impression
making.
Common Instruments Used in the Dental Clinic
Authors: Kalra Namita , Khatri Amit , Dhamija Mohit
Published: July 2023

The chapter deals with commonly used instruments of various types. It is
full of real-life pictures and has the potential to prepare the students for clinical posting
to various specialities
Performance analysis of flood control buildings Mati river watershed area
Authors: Mudhina Made , Winaya I Nyoman Anom Purwa , Parwita I Gusti Lanang Made , Andayani Ketut Wiwin , Wardhana I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahesa Adi
Published: July 2023

The problem of flooding is a classic problem that befalls almost all regions in Indonesia. Likewise, the area in the Mati river watershed is experiencing problems that are not much different. Moreover, with the existing developments, almost all areas in the Mati River watershed have developed into urban settlement areas which have led to land conversion from agricultural land and green open land to other built-up land. The middle and downstream areas in the Mati River watershed are the main tourism areas in Bali such as Seminyak, Legian, Kuta and parts of the West Denpasar District, Denpasar City. These areas are dense settlements which contribute to increased surface runoff in almost all watershed areas. Several areas in the Mati River watershed are flood-prone areas, namely the Padangsambian area, Jalan Pura Demak area, Monang-Maning, Jalan Dewi Sri and areas in East Kuta. Several river improvements have been made to reduce the impact of flooding, namely changing the permanent weir to a mobile weir, normalizing the channel and building a pumping station which aims to reduce the effects of flooding and stagnant water during the rainy season.
Centralidade de Quibaúla/Angola - Um olhar a partir dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) e da Educação Informal
Authors: Pérez Ana , Medina Teresa , Santos Júlio
Published: July 2023

Angola is nowadays the place of important migra-tory movements in the framework of the habitability processes of large urban spaces - the Novas Cen-tralidades. This article, based on a study developed in the centrality of Quibaúla, aims to consider the articulation of housing policies in Angola with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), questioning the underlying logics and conceptions of develop-ment and the informal educational processes present and enhanced by the experience in the centralities. The research results allow us to sustain that these infrastructures, on the one hand, respond to needs in the area of housing and, consequently, contribute to the fulfilment of the 2030 agenda and, on the other hand, should be assumed as an «intra-inter-active» stage of a set of reconfigurations of lifestyles, with profound educational/formative effects on their residents
Objetivo Desenvolvimento Sustentável 4, nas redes sociais. O que se pode concluir? Análise do Twitter de 2020 a 2022
Authors: Silva Rui da , Delgado Carla
Published: July 2023

This article analyses the discussions on the social media Twitter using SDG4 as a keyword. The data retrieved from Twitter allows you to establish the trends, understand what kind of discussions are taking place, as well as to develop a conceptual map using word pairs from the tweets. The data were mined from Twitter using R software through Twit-ter’s Academic Application Programming Interface for the period March 2020 to May 2022. The paper argues that republishing tweets is the most frequent trend. It also shows that the majority of the tweets use neutral language combining the use of the word’s education, #sdg4, quality and children. It also concludes that themes related to education in emergency and crisis, as well as the Education Can-not Wait multistakeholder partnership, prevail in the discussions.