bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-Technique Combination of VLBI Intensives and Rapid Data to Improve the Temporal Regularity and Continuity of the UT1-UTC Series
Authors: Klemm Lisa , Thaller Daniela , Flohrer Claudia , Walenta Anastasiia , Ullrich Dieter , Hellmers Hendrik
Published: January 2024

The difference UT1-UTC is the most variable quantity among the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) with significant unpredictable variation. It can be measured only with the quasi-space-fixed technique VLBI. The IVS organizes two different VLBI observation campaigns: The bi-weekly 24-hour Rapid campaigns and the daily 1-hour Intensive sessions. As a result, two independent UT1-UTC time series are estimated and published as official IVS EOP-S and EOP-I products. These have different strengths and weaknesses in terms of continuity and accuracy, but both are characterized by irregular temporal resolution. We present the current activities of BKG towards a combined processing of VLBI Intensive and Rapid data in one common adjustment. In this way, we unify the strengths of both sessions and generate a UT1-UTC time series characterized by a daily, continuous and temporally regular resolution, e.g., at 12:00 UTC. We achieved a significant improvement in accuracy of 35% lower WRMS values compared to the regular session-wise Intensive-only solution. By using a continuous EOP parameterization, the accuracy is almost at a constant level and less dependent on the irregularity of the VLBI observation period. The processing is based on homogenized, datum-free NEQs which allow a rigorous combination on the normal equation level instead of the observation level. Based on the improved combination method, we intend to set up a new operational VLBI EOP product at BKG. Its characteristics make it suitable as an input for EOP prediction algorithms.
Digital Technology Use Cases for Deconstruction and Reverse Logistics
Authors: van den Berg Marc
Published: January 2024

The transition towards a circular built environment challenges dismantling firms to revisit their practices. These firms traditionally demolish buildings with crushing force, essentially creating poorly recyclable waste. This practice leads to a loss of economic value and has several negative social and environmental consequences. Deconstruction, defined as construction in reverse, represents an alternative practice in which as many materials are recovered as possible. Deconstruction is particularly challenging because responsible firms need to process more information to organise various reverse logistics options efficiently. This chapter, therefore, reviews reverse supply chain practices in construction and illustrates how digital technologies could support dismantling firms and their partners during essential deconstruction activities. Through evidence-based insights and examples from practice, the chapter presents a state-of-the-art overview of digital deconstruction technology use cases for identifying, harvesting, and distributing reusable building elements. It shows that digital technologies have been developed for separate deconstruction activities but are rarely used in an integrated manner. Further integration through aligning the digital technologies with practitioners’ information needs will, accordingly, unlock new opportunities for closed-loop material flows.
Circular Business Models for Digital Technologies in the Built Environment
Authors: Nussholz Julia , Assmann Ingvild Reine , Kelly Philip , Bocken Nancy
Published: January 2024

Business model innovation enabled by novel digital technologies can accelerate the impact and upscaling of the circular economy in the built environment. Digital technologies not only enable highly impactful new business models but also enable innovation of existing business models. Considering the disruptive power of digital technologies, rethinking business models in the construction sector for the circular economy is vital to manage risks and capture opportunities. This chapter presents 12 real-life cases of emerging business models enabled by digital technologies that successfully narrow, slow, close, or regenerate resource loops in the construction sector. Cases are analysed regarding how they create, deliver, and capture value and how they enable circularity. Findings present different types of business models for digital technologies prevalent for narrowing, closing, slowing, and regenerating resource loops and that enabling capabilities for circularity, such as tracking, monitoring, control, optimisation, design evolution, and information exchange, are at the core of their value propositions. Industry practitioners can use findings to familiarise themselves with emerging business models and innovation opportunities.
Geographic Information Systems for Circular Cities and Regions
Authors: Tsui Tanya , Wuyts Wendy , Van den Berghe Karel
Published: January 2024

A geographic information system (GIS) stores, manipulates, analyses, and visualises spatial data. GIS enables the mapping of building elements and components and can optimise the location of facilities for circular activities, thus contributing to the closing of material loops and the spatial development of circular cities and regions. This chapter presents use cases of GIS in the circular built environment, with examples from academia, industry, and government. Academics use GIS data for urban mining studies to estimate the location and availability of secondary construction materials. Businesses in industry use GIS analysis to inform the facility location of circular construction hubs and (reverse) logistics. Governments use GIS to monitor and assess the circular spatial development potential of their (industrial) territories. In order to integrate GIS into circular economy solutions, improvements need to be made in making spatial data available and in presenting findings that emerge from it. Finally, present enthusiasm for GIS tools should be balanced by a deeper understanding of the connection between digital tools and governance decisions.
Digitising Building Materials for Reuse with Reality Capture and Scan-to-BIM Technologies
Authors: Gordon Matthew , von Zimmerman Luise , Haradhun Oushesh , Campanella Dominik , Bräutigam Milena , De Wolf Catherine
Published: January 2024

Effective building component reuse requires specific information about recoverable components. However, 85% of the European building stock predates the building information modelling (BIM) technology that stores and links such information. Digitisation technologies can be used to recover this information. Scanning and scan-to-BIM technologies such as LiDAR and photogrammetry enable us to capture and analyse large amounts of raw geometric data as point clouds to create digital records or BIM models of existing buildings. These digital representations can be used by building owners, inspectors, and deconstruction groups for deconstruction, new design, procurement, and new construction. They help implement closed circular resource strategies linking recovered materials to new projects. In this article, we look at a specific case study of these applications through the circularity consultant Concular. Digitisation technologies are compared based on their range and accuracy in conditions with noisy and cluttered data, as well as their cost and accessibility. Additional sensor technologies may integrate further compositional or structural details to ultimately produce insights beyond surface geometry that can be communicated through integrated digital platforms for data access and exchange. Further technological development will lower the time and labour costs during data collection, processing, and analysis.
The Influence of Celebrities and Religious Leaders in Addressing Rumours on Social Media
Authors: Chitsime Angela , Ndovi Vitima , Machewere Zithe , Mang’ando Alfred , Maziya Carolyne , Rodriguez Katie , Boyle Jennifer
Published: January 2024

The use of social media in health communication/promotion has been increasing over the past years due to its ability to engage and interact with audiences without the confines of physical boundaries. Social media is defined as activities, practices and behaviours among communities of users who gather online to share information, knowledge and opinions using conversational media. Social media has been the catalyst of misinformation, misconceptions and rumours around the COVID-19 pandemic, which have had a huge negative impact on adherence to preventive measures and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. In Malawi, social media has been a source of vaccine-related rumours that include safety concerns, conspiracy theories and religious objections. The same social media platforms where rumours are propagating can be used not only to disseminate correct information but to do so through trusted influencers who already have a following. This chapter provides an overview of a social media campaign that engaged online influencers in Malawi to model and showcase desired behaviours on COVID-19 prevention, including vaccine uptake. The campaign helped online influencers spark conversations around COVID-19 vaccines with religious leaders and health experts, who were trusted by communities but did not have an online platform. Both social media influencers and community leaders listened to and responded to misinformation and questions presented by audiences through the influencer pages.
Unit 3 Lesson: Using Reaction Time and Mixed Models
Authors: Johansson Christer , Folgerø Per Olav
Published: January 2024

This lesson will introduce some concepts related to empirical studies and statistical evaluation. The focus is on evaluating a specified model with controlled fixed factors and several control variables in the context that we have one continuous dependent variable, such as reaction time.
Introduction: The Epistemic Turn
Authors: D’Arma Alessandro , Aslama Horowitz Minna , Lehtisaari Katja , Nieminen Hannu
Published: January 2024

In today’s era of accelerating digital disruption, optimism about democratic dialogues, diversity, inclusion, and other such good things is hard to come by. Digitalisation may empower us to connect and communicate, but it is also increasingly impeding our fundamental rights. Epistemic rights concern people’s capability to understand information and knowledge offered by epistemic institutions (such as the media and the like) and, based on this understanding, their ability to act for their own interests and needs, as well as those of society as a whole. In a democratic society, epistemic rights presume, among others, equality in all aspects relating to the access to and the availability of information and knowledge, symmetric relations in public communication, equality in obtaining critical literacy in information and communication, and equal protection of personal privacy from any form of public intrusion. This book is intended as the first holistic response to an urgent need to address epistemic rights regarding communication as a central public policy issue, an academic analytical concept, and a crucial theme for informed public debates.
Why We Need Epistemic Rights
Authors: Nieminen Hannu
Published: January 2024

The starting point of this chapter is the deepening divisions within our societies, which derive from both internal and external forces. As democracy is, by definition, the rule of the people, its basic requirement is equality in the act of ruling: in order for there to be equality in decision-making, people should share the same information and knowledge and understand the value and significance of this knowledge. In this chapter, the concept of epistemic rights is introduced. Epistemic rights refer to the requirement that society should guarantee that truthful information and knowledge are made available to all its citizens and that they have the competence to use these for their own benefit and that of society as a whole. As background, the chapter offers a short historical review of the communication rights movement, which can be seen as paving the way for epistemic rights. The conclusion articulates the need for further investigation of epistemic institutions and their role in democracy.
On the Need to Revalue Old Radical Imaginaries to Assert Epistemic Media and Communication Rights Today
Authors: Cammaerts Bart
Published: January 2024

In this chapter, the liberal radical and the socialist radical imaginaries are foregrounded as providing important historical justifications for democratic and emancipatory public interventions in the context of media and communication. First, these two radical imaginaries will be unpacked with regard to their views on the role of the state, democracy, and citizen emancipation. Subsequently, the historical impact of these two radical imaginaries on media and communication will be addressed at the level of ownership of media and communication infrastructures, access to infrastructures, information and knowledge, the production and regulation of media content and public interventions relating to information and communication infrastructures. Finally, it will be concluded that in the current conjuncture characterised by inequality, surveillance, mis- and disinformation, and oligopolistic power, there is an urgent need to revalue these old radical imaginaries and combine them with new ones in tune with the digital age in order to provide a more solid basis to posit and justify a set of epistemic rights in the context of media, communication, and democracy today.
(Re-)casting Epistemic Rights as Human Rights: Conceptual Conundrums for the Council of Europe
Authors: McGonagle Tarlach
Published: January 2024

The Council of Europe has developed an elaborate system for the protection of human rights across its 46 Member States. Its centrepiece is the European Convention on Human Rights—Europe’s most important human rights treaty. The system offers strong protection for the rights to freedom of expression and participation in public debate. These rights, which concern freedom of expression, information, and communication and the integrity of the processes leading to the creation and dissemination of content and knowledge, have clear epistemic underpinnings. But the Council of Europe has yet to set out a comprehensive, coherent vision of the epistemic dimension to these rights. The Council, and in particular its judicial organ, the European Court of Human Rights, has so far addressed epistemic aspects of human rights in an incidental way. This chapter explores the epistemic values that help shape expressive and participatory rights, enquiring whether a re-conceptualisation of epistemic rights as human rights could strengthen the human rights that they already appear to inform. The Council of Europe has been selected as a case-study for this exploratory analysis due to its well-developed regulatory and policy framework. The framework is sufficiently concrete and coherent to allow reflection on the practical implications of the proposed re-conceptualisation.
Einleitung
Authors: Dieckmann Friedrich , Heddergott Theresia , Thimm Antonia
Published: January 2024

Mit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention und dem Bundesteilhabegesetz stellt sich die Frage neu, wie Lebensräume, Wohnsettings und Unterstützung zu gestalten sind, damit Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung (IB) selbstbestimmt am gesellschaftlichen Leben teilhaben können. Die Art der Wohnsettings, in denen Erwachsene mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung leben, hat sich stark differenziert. Das Leben in der eigenen Wohnung und in Nachbarschaften sind Wohnoptionen, die auch Menschen mit komplexem Unterstützungsbedarf offenstehen sollen. Für sie sind vielerorts immer noch Wohnheime die einzige Wohnalternative. Zugleich erreichen immer mehr Menschen mit IB ein höheres Alter, in dem die Wohnumwelt an Bedeutung gewinnt. Dieses Buch verfolgt das Ziel, die Forschung zum unterstützten Wohnen und zur Teilhabe von Menschen mit IB für den deutschsprachigen Raum zusammenzufassen und Richtungen für inhaltliche und methodische Weiterentwicklungen zu weisen. Der erste Teil widmet sich der Entwicklung und dem Stand der deutschsprachigen und internationalen Wohnforschung. Im zweiten Teil werden forschungsmethodische Zugänge beleuchtet. Der dritte Teil behandelt innovative und zukunftsweisende Themenfelder der Wohnforschung.
Menschen mit komplexem Unterstützungsbedarf
Authors: Munde Vera , Zentel Peter
Published: January 2024

Das Thema Wohnen stellt Menschen mit komplexem Unterstützungsbedarf, ihre Angehörigen und professionellen Unterstützer*innen vor besondere Herausforderungen. Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden die Herausforderungen in Bezug auf das Wohnen von Menschen mit komplexem Unterstützungsbedarf auf Basis von Erkenntnissen aus der Wohnforschung detailliert dargestellt. Dabei werden zunächst Erfahrungen mit verschiedenen Wohnformen sowie die Möglichkeiten der Wohnwunscherhebung und besondere Herausforderungen beim Umzug aus dem Elternhaus in eine Wohneinrichtung thematisiert. Außerdem wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Wohnen und erfahrener Lebensqualität, individueller Teilhabeplanung und Sozialraumorientierung hergestellt. Neben Teilhabeoptionen zeigt das Kapitel auch existierende Lücken in der Wohnforschung und die aktuellen Grenzen in der Umsetzung von Teilhabe auf. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die Perspektiven der verschiedenen Personen und Berufsgruppen in Teilhabeprozessen im Lebensbereich Wohnen einbezogen werden müssen, um die Grenzen so zu verschieben, dass attraktive, gewünschte und gewinnbringende Teilhabeoptionen für Menschen mit komplexem Unterstützungsbedarf entstehen.
Ausblick
Authors: Dieckmann Friedrich , Heddergott Theresia , Thimm Antonia
Published: January 2024

Für die Planung und Gestaltung von Teilhabechancen ist die Zusammenschau von Wohnumwelt und Unterstützungsleistungen unabdingbar. In einem Gemeinwesen mit Unterstützung wohnen zu können, ist die Voraussetzung für die Teilhabe in vielfältigen Lebensbereichen. Lösten seit den 1970er Jahren gemeindebasierte Wohnheime Komplexeinrichtungen ab, gilt es nun, die Wohnheime durch individuellere Wohnsettings zu ersetzen. Der Wohnungsmarkt stellt nicht die Wohnungen zur Verfügung, die den Wohnwünschen und finanziellen Möglichkeiten von Menschen mit Behinderungen entsprechen und die zugleich die Organisation umfassender und flexibler Assistenzleistungen im ökonomisch zugebilligten Rahmen erlauben. Quartiere und Gemeinwesen sind noch nicht so inklusiv gestaltet, dass Assistenzleistungen allein die Teilhabe an Aktivitäten und sozialen Kontakten sicherstellen können. Angesichts der bisherigen Erkenntnisse sowie der gesellschaftlichen Gestaltungsaufgaben wird auf Entwicklungsbedarfe hingewiesen, vor der die Forschung zum unterstützten Wohnen von Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung steht. Diese Bedarfe werden anhand der Stichwörter Internationalität, soziale Innovationen, Interdisziplinarität sowie partizipative und vielfältige Forschungsmethoden erläutert. Die Wohnforschung kann dazu beitragen, dass motivierende Visionen nicht reine Utopien bleiben, sondern sich in teilhabeförderlichen sozial-räumlichen Wohnumwelten und Unterstützungsstrukturen materialisieren.
Einflussfaktoren auf Lebensqualität und Teilhabe von Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung – eine Analyse der internationalen Wohnforschung
Authors: Heddergott Theresia , Dieckmann Friedrich
Published: January 2024

Im Vergleich zu anderen Nationen wie z. B. den Niederlanden, Großbritannien oder Australien ist die Wohnforschung zu Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung in Deutschland seit einigen Jahrzehnten im internationalen Raum spärlich vertreten. In internationalen Journalen erscheinen nur wenige Publikationen von Wissenschaftler*innen aus Deutschland und auf internationalen Kongressen werden nur selten Forschungsergebnisse präsentiert. Dieser Beitrag möchte deshalb im deutschsprachigen Raum einen Überblick über aktuelle Erkenntnisse, Methoden und Konzepte der internationalen Wohnforschung zu Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung geben. Für die Analyse wurden internationale Überblicksartikel (sog. Reviews) ausgewertet. Die Analyse offenbart eine Vielzahl von empirischen Erkenntnissen zu Zusammenhängen zwischen Dimensionen der Lebensqualität und personenbezogenen Merkmalen von Erwachsenen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung, Merkmalen des Wohnsettings, der Wohndienste und des sozialen sowie räumlichen Umfelds. Aufgrund sich stützender Studien kann ein Teil der Zusammenhänge als empirisch belegt gelten. Teilweise zeigen Studien aber auch uneindeutige oder sich widersprechende Ergebnisse. Dies ist vor allem auf unzureichende Definitionen und unterschiedliche Operationalisierungen von Konzepten sowie unterschiedlichen methodischen Vorgehensweisen zurückzuführen. Thematisch weisen die Studien auf weitere Forschungsbedarfe hin, u. a. zu den Themen Wohnumfeld, Organisationskultur, digitale Teilhabe und Menschen mit komplexem Unterstützungsbedarf. Der vorliegende Sammelband leistet hierzu bereits einen wichtigen Beitrag.
Sozialraum und soziale Inklusion
Authors: Dieckmann Friedrich
Published: January 2024

Der alltägliche Lebensraum „(home range“) umfasst die Wohnung, das Wohnumfeld und Aktivitäts- und Begegnungsorte in Quartieren und Gemeinwesen. Die Erschließung sozial-räumlicher Orte außerhalb der Wohnung für Menschen mit Behinderungen, ihre Inklusion in Sozialräumen gilt als Königsweg für die Ermöglichung vollumfänglicher, selbstbestimmter und gleichberechtigter Teilhabe. In dem Beitrag wird geklärt, was unter Sozialraum und was unter sozialer Inklusion zu verstehen ist. Der Begriff Sozialraum ist im deutschsprachigen Raum weit verbreitet und eng mit dem Fachkonzept Sozialraumorientierung verbunden, das andernorts weitgehend unbekannt ist. International wird die anwendungsorientierte Forschung unter dem Begriff soziale Inklusion zusammengefasst. Vorgestellt wird ein Rahmenmodell, in dem sich die Faktoren verorten lassen, die Aspekte der sozialen Inklusion befördern oder behindern. Vorgeschlagen wird mithilfe ökologisch-psychologischer Theorien spezifischer die ökologischen Kontexte (Mikrosysteme oder Behavior Settings) zu fokussieren, in denen soziale Inklusion gelingt oder misslingt (z. B. im Nachbarschaftsgeschehen, in Geschäften, in Vereinen), und die dort stattfindenden Prozesse feiner zu beschreiben. Die Forschung zur sozialen Inklusion von Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung ist anwendungsorientiert. Anhand der Themen Sozialraumorientierung, Sozialplanung, Begegnungen im Sozialraum und Nachbarschaft wird exemplarisch deutlich, was das für die Weiterentwicklung der Forschung bedeutet.
Organisationskultur in Wohndiensten – vom Konzept zur Messung
Authors: Behrendt Anna-Maria , Hagedorn Claudia , Dieckmann Friedrich , Thimm Antonia
Published: January 2024

Viele Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung sind für ihre individuelle Lebensführung auf die Unterstützung professioneller Assistent*innen angewiesen. Die Assistent*innen arbeiten überwiegend in Mitarbeiterteams, die in Organisationsstrukturen und -hierarchien von Wohndiensten eingebunden sind. Die Anleitung und die Zusammenarbeit in diesen Mitarbeiterteams spielen eine zentrale Rolle für die Planung und Umsetzung einer personenorientierten Unterstützung und damit für die individuelle Teilhabe und Lebensqualität der Bewohner*innen bzw. Mieter*innen. Mit dem Konzept der Organisationskultur können Werte, Haltungen und Arbeitspraxen in Wohndiensten, die sich im alltäglichen Handeln und Denken der Mitarbeiter*innen zeigen, besser verstanden werden. Auf diese Weise werden die unausgesprochenen und weniger sichtbaren Anteile, die sich in der unterstützenden Arbeitspraxis widerspiegeln und mögliche Barrieren darstellen, (er)fassbar und verständlich. Das eigene Handeln wird überprüfbarer und die Weiterentwicklung von Teams und Organisationen kann befördert werden. Im deutschsprachigen Raum gab es bislang kein Messinstrument zur Erfassung der Organisationskultur in Wohndiensten. In Kooperation mit Dr. Humphreys und Prof. Bigby (LaTrobe University Melbourne) ist mit der Teamkulturskala für Wohndienste (TKS-W) ein deutschsprachiges Messinstrument entstanden, das empirisch überprüft ist. Die TKS-W ist im Anhang abgedruckt. Das Instrument kann von sozialen Organisationen dazu genutzt werden, die Organisationskultur in Wohndiensten zu diagnostizieren und partizipativ Interventionen zu ihrer Verbesserung zu planen und einzuleiten.
Technisch unterstützte Teilhabe und Lebensführung
Authors: Heddergott Theresia , Schiffhauer Birte
Published: January 2024

Steigende Digitalisierungs- und Technisierungsprozesse sind mittlerweile in nahezu allen Lebensbereichen allgegenwärtig. Dies gilt auch für den Einsatz von Technologien zur Unterstützung einer selbstständigen Lebensführung von Menschen mit Behinderung. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Potenziale und Herausforderungen, die mit dem Einsatz technischer Systeme als Erweiterung des Unterstützungsarrangements verbunden sind. Zentrale und teilhabeförderliche Einsatzmöglichkeiten für unterstützende Technologien sind u. a. die Bereiche Haustechnik und Gebäudeautomation, Gesundheitsförderung, Tagesstrukturierung und Gestaltung freier Zeit, Mobilität, Gestaltung sozialer Beziehungen und Teilhabeplanung/ -management. Eine erfolgreiche Entwicklung und Anwendung innovativer unterstützender Technologien wird jedoch maßgeblich von technischen, nutzungsbezogenen und ethischen Herausforderungen beeinflusst. Mangelnde Schnittstellen von Fachsoftware und anderer digitaler Tools erschweren eine leistungsträger- und anbieterübergreifende Teilhabe- und Unterstützungsplanung. Darüber hinaus ist für einen erfolgreichen Einsatz die Technikakzeptanz der Nutzer/innen – seien es Menschen mit Behinderung oder deren Bezugs- und Unterstützungspersonen – in Verbindung mit der Barrierefreiheit der Technologie entscheidend. Es bedarf einer möglichst hohen Flexibilität der Technologien und einer bedarfsgerechten Heranführung der Nutzer*innen. Im Rahmen der Entwicklung gilt es, die Nutzer*innen selbst im Sinne partizipativer Technikgestaltung einzubinden.
Research on Collaborative Problem Solving Teaching in a Secondary School Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Cao Yiming
Published: January 2024

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) was first assessed in PISA 2015, calling for more attention on Collaborative problem solving competency globally. In this chapter, I introduce the research background and list the research questions for the whole book. In the literature review, the history and operational definition of CPS as well as research value are illustrated. Then I briefly summarize the main research result of the whole book.
Research on the Evaluation of Students’ Collaborative Problem-Solving
Authors: Du Bingxuan
Published: January 2024

In this chapter, I made use of PISA 2015’s assessment framework of collaborative problem-solving to analyze students’ discourse and evaluate students’ collaborative problem-solving abilities in both quantitative and qualitative methods. I analyzed the tasks applied in the current study and combined them with PISA 2015’s framework to formulate a detailed framework for the current study. 41 pairs and 21 groups from the project were selected as participants for the current research. Through evaluating the ability by analyzing discourse with the framework, the following results are obtained: Students’ cognition and mastery of dimensionality ability in the process of collaborative problem-solving is insufficient; students’ performance of “collaboration” in the process of collaborative problem-solving is insufficient, and there are problems such as low-level of relevant abilities and disordered discourse; students’ ability of collaborative problem-solving in peer collaboration is higher than that in group collaboration. According to the conclusion of the study, this chapter gives some suggestions and strategies to train the students’ collaborative problem-solving abilities.
How Did Students Solve Mathematics Tasks Collaboratively? An Investigation of Chinese Students’ Participation in Groups
Authors: Zhang Shu , Cao Yiming
Published: January 2024

In this chapter, we report findings from a study of five groups’ interactions and task completion process to examine how students solve a mathematical task collaboratively through group work. Five groups in one class were recruited. The video recording and transcripts of students involved with collaborative mathematics tasks were analysed. We first determine each group’s negotiative event chain to portray the task completion process. On this basis, group dynamics in terms of group discussed topics, students’ utterances, and group status, for example, collaborative or not, during the discussion were analysed. The results showed that even though negotiative event chains vary between different groups, most groups concentrate on mathematics and task-related events rather than social aspects. The study lays a foundation for understanding how Chinese students work together to solve a mathematical problem and raises certain questions about group dynamics in such contexts. For example, whether students’ gender differences in composition influence the group’s control over the problem-solving process, and so on.
The Development and Use of Opportunity to Learn (OTL) in the Collaborative Problem Solving: Evidence from Chinese Secondary Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Sun Yinan , Yu Boran
Published: January 2024

This study explored learners’ development and use of Opportunity to Learn (OTL) in the collaborative problem-solving context. We used commognitive approach to analyse interactions within student groups in a collaborative problem-solving math class. Two students who failed to use OTL and two groups they belonged to were selected for an in-depth exploration. We analysed the discourse used by and interaction made among these two groups to investigate how OTL develops from collaborative problem-solving and how students use them. The result shows that students who used less mathematical language and made fewer inter-personal interactions are hard to engage in the group discussion would miss OTL from collaborative problem-solving. Additionally, a mismatch in the discourse style with leader students in the group and a lack of interest in participation could also lead to students’ failure in seizing OTL in collaboration.
The Characteristics of Mathematical Communication in Secondary School Students’ Collaborative Problem Solving
Authors: Yang Jie
Published: January 2024

This research studied mathematical communication in secondary school students’ collaborative problem solving. This research aimed to establish a coding framework for mathematical communication and analyse the characteristics of students’ mathematical communication. In current study, eight groups’ mathematical communication was coded, and a model of secondary school students’ mathematical communication process was constructed. The results of this study indicated that “negotiate,” “argue,” “quarrel” and “artifact” were the basic modules in the students’ mathematical communication process. While secondary school students are not afraid to express their opinions and refute other students’, there are still various problems in the mathematical communication process.
Research on Student Interaction in Peer Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics
Authors: Zhang Zhengyi
Published: January 2024

Collaborative learning based on mathematical problem solving is an important way of organising teacher teaching and student learning. Two-peer collaboration is more common in classrooms. This study explored the characteristics of and differences in the interactive performance of high and low academic performance students by analysing the collaborative mathematical problem solving processes of heterogeneous peer students in seventh grade. Nine peer groups with the highest academic gap among 54 are purposefully selected for the current research. The study found that high academic performance students produced a significantly higher amount of discourse than low academic performance students, and that there were significant differences in indicators such as order, negation, and explanation. When the gap between the two peers’ academic performance decreased, peer-to-peer communication was more equal, and low academic performance students actively participated in the problem solving and gradually fought for task initiative.
Auxetic Grammars: An Application of Shape Grammar Using Shape Machine to Generate Auxetic Metamaterial Geometries for Fabricating Sustainable Kinetic Panels
Authors: Nasiri Simin
Published: January 2024

Auxetic materials are materials with a peculiar mechanical behavior compared to other regular materials. Its main difference exists in its reaction to tension. Most materials exhibit a positive Poisson’s ratio [1], that is, they laterally shrink when stretched or expand when compressed. On the contrary, auxetic materials exhibit a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR), that is, they laterally expand when stretched or laterally shrink when compressed [2]. In this paper, the significance and role of geometry in auxetic materials’ behavior will be investigated. For this purpose, we will be using shape grammar rules with a strong generative tool called Shape Machine [3] to create auxetic geometries with their complex behavior out of simple rules. These geometries’ applications can be fabricating sustainable kinetic panels for buildings to interact with and adapt to the environment.
Graph Constrained Multiple Schemes Generation for Campus Layout
Authors: Liu Yubo , Zhang Zhilan , Hu Kai , Deng Qiaoming
Published: January 2024

The campus layout is a major stage in the early stages of campus planning and design. When assessing the feasibility of a campus site in stage, we usually compare multiple campus layout schemes, which consumes a lot of time. The design process can be accelerated if multiple campus planning schemes can be generated quickly to meet the desired requirements. This study aims to explore the possibility of using graph neural networks (GNN) to generate multiple campus layouts. We use a step-by-step generation method. The first step is generating campus functional zonings based on user constraints. The second step is generating campus building layouts based on the functional zonings. Ultimately the machine is able to quickly generate multiple campus layout schemes by user input of graph constraints such as the number of functional zonings, the type of functions and their adjacency. In the experiment, we trained 200 campus layout samples and verified the validity and accuracy of the experiment after qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Lightweight and Customized Design via Conformal Parametric Lattice Driven by Stress Fields
Authors: Liu Fuyuan , Chen Min , Wang Lizhe , Xiang Zhouyi , Huang Songhua
Published: January 2024

Additive manufacturing has opened up new opportunities for material-based design and optimization, with lattice materials being a key area of interest. Lattice materials can exhibit superb physical properties, such as high thermal conductivity and excellent energy absorption, and be designed to meet specific design objectives. However, optimizing the use of these materials requires considering geometric constraints and loading conditions. This research explores stress-driven multi-agent system (MAS) to achieve high-performance lattice infilling. The von Mises stress and principal stress are investigated as the infilling environments as they are typical failure evaluation criteria. The feasibility of these approaches is demonstrated through a case study of sport helmet design, where MAS is used to generate conformal lattice structures that meet functional and fabrication requirements. The density distribution and arrangement direction of lattice units are effectively controlled in physical fields. The results demonstrate that both von Mises stress field and principal stress field-driven methods can improve the stiffness of helmets compared to the method that only considers geometrical conformity under the same mass. The paper concludes that stress-driven lattice infilling has the potential to revolutionize material-based design and optimization in additive manufacturing.
Optimizing for Orientation in Complex Spaces
Authors: Duan Xuexin , Schumacher Patrik
Published: January 2024

In response to the increasing demand for collaboration and knowledge exchange within Postfordist network society, both virtual and physical spaces are becoming more and more complex. Therefore the orientation within these increasingly complex and information-rich scenes becomes a problem that architectural design must address. The goal of this research is to upgrade architectural design competency in this respect by setting up a workflow for evaluating and optimizing the legibility of complex scenes. This paper introduces a novel research approach focused on the recognizability of salient interaction offerings within complex spatial settings, by using machine learning. A systematic workflow is being developed for simulations that appraise and rank design proposals with respect to the trade-off between scene complexity and legibility. The authors explore the research through a series of simulation experiments concerned with semantic segmentation, i.e. with distinguishing and classifying relevant features in a large complex visual field. The paper first describes the method of setting up the measurement of complexity and ease of recognition, and then illustrates how a trained neural network can be used to evaluate and rank a series of design proposals (with systematically varied degree of complexity) on the basis of their recognizability. While the paper found that the hypothesis of a statistical inverse correlation or trade-off between complexity and recognizability holds, for each degree of complexity there are several design options with different degrees of recognizability. Therefore this approach allows to optimize the design of complex scenes in terms of the crucial criterion of legibility.
A Virtual Reality Window View Evaluation Tool for Shading Devices and Exterior Landscape Design
Authors: Zeng Wentao , Zhang Hanyi
Published: January 2024

The window view is an important part of the daylighting design. The current window view analysis based on daylighting metrics does not respond well to user preferences. This study uses an office with a courtyard in Berkeley, CA, USA, as a case study to create a virtual reality-based window view evaluation tool and workflow to analyze the impact of different types of shading devices and different levels of exterior landscapes on user perception. This tool combines quantitative data based on daylighting metrics and users’ subjective and physical responses with qualitative analysis based on user feedback and preferences. A two-way ANOVA was conducted in the study to demonstrate that the independent and interactive impacts of shading devices and exterior landscapes on user perception and satisfaction. The results show that users prefer shading types that block less of window views even though they may cause a higher probability of glare. Besides, advanced landscapes tend to enhance user satisfaction with shading devices. This new window evaluation method will help architects make more comprehensive decisions in shading device type selection and exterior landscape design.
Virtual Reality Architecture Teaching Application Based on Unity Platform—Taking a Small Architect's Metaverse Application as an Example
Authors: Lu Yihan , Zhang Zhouyu , Zhang Yaoping , Li Li
Published: January 2024

Children's architectural education is mainly built by assembling existing prefabricated blocks. However, most of the existing architectural education projects focus on PC applications, which are important for transforming architecture into practical results. Taking the achievements of the VR architectural knowledge popularization education project as an example, this paper demonstrates the application of the combination of virtual reality technology and architectural education in the future architectural design education for children. The app adds a follow-up connection to reality that is missing from traditional VR experiences. First of all, this application built a virtual reality building on the unity3d platform, controlled vr equipment through the OpenXR library, designed a program to build a house with prefabricated modules in the application, and finally exported the virtual results as DXF files to the laser cutting equipment, and assembled them in reality. It retains the interest and diversity of the virtual meta-universe and can increase the authenticity of the combination of virtual and real life in the education links to improve hands-on ability. This application through the students in a three-dimensional virtual environment to experience the process of building, but it also can use laser printing technology to transform students' learning results into real results in order to realize the application of virtual reality technology in architectural education.
Construction of Recreation Behavior Simulation Model of Public Space in Urban Waterfront—Taking Huangpu River in Shanghai as an Example
Authors: Yang Chunxia , Zhan Ming
Published: January 2024

This study constructs a multi-agent behavior simulation model to explore the quantitative simulation method of waterfront public space. Taking 6 waterfront public space samples along the Huangpu River in Shanghai as research objects, this study first collects environmental data and pedestrian behavior data through field survey, and then analyzes and processes the data to obtain the Spatial Attraction Weight (SWA) that expresses the relationship between pedestrian behavior and spatial elements. Then, based on the Anylogic platform, the pedestrian agent particles expressing people’s characteristics are placed into the simulation environment based on the social force model. They interact in real time to dynamically simulate the pedestrian’s behavior. Finally, fitting verification of the preliminary model is carried out. The qualitative comparison and quantitative correlation analysis are combined to enhance the accuracy. The behavior simulation model of waterfront public space built in the study can more realistically represent the pedestrian's behavior. It can realize the scientific prediction of the future use of waterfront space and provide more detailed reference for problem diagnosis and optimization.
Generation Scheme of IndoorGML Model Based on Building Information Model
Authors: Tong Ziyu , Zheng Hang
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the concept of City Information Model (CIM) has received wide attention. However, the interior spaces are difficult to handle in CIM due to its complexity in terms of location and connection on 3D. Indoor Geography Markup Language (IndoorGML) is a data format standard for the exchange and representation of indoor space data and provided a method to describe interior space objects for CIM. However, the existing generation process is cumbersome and difficult to integrate semantic information. This study proposed a BIM-based IndoorGML model generation scheme. The scheme took the typical Revit model as the data base, extracted the location and attribute information of elements respectively, then generated the topologically expressed model integrated the semantic information. The study selected a hospital with complex interior spaces as a case study for the generation experiments of IndoorGML model. The result showed that the scheme is highly feasible even for such complex buildings. This study further calculated complex network-related attributes and analyzed the relationship between interior spaces to explore the application potential of the model.
Diffusion Probabilistic Model Assisted 3D Form Finding and Design Latent Space Exploration: A Case Study for Taihu Stone Spacial Transformation
Authors: Liu Yubo , Li Han , Deng Qiaoming , Hu Kai
Published: January 2024

Taihu stone is an important landscape element in Chinese Private Garden on Southern Yangtze river, which is known for its profound cultural and aesthetic significance. In this paper, we intend to introduce the 3D spacial character of Taihu stone into architectural forms and spaces using machine learning, trying to explore the possibilities of AI-assisted 3D form finding and design latent space exploration. Existing spacial transformation of Taihu stone is mainly demonstrated by continuous section slicing, which cannot directly analyze and generate 3D space, thus cannot learn the most characteristic internal space of Taihu stone. This paper used the latest 3D point cloud probabilistic diffusion model to achieve 3D form generation and interpolation of Taihu stone and architectural massing through latent space exploration. Experiments show that a sufficiently trained diffusion model can generate 3D point clouds of Taihu stone and building massing, as well as generate interpolations between them. The latent vector can be manipulated to generate outputs that are more oriented towards the Taihu stone or the building massing, to meet the different needs of designers. Generated point clouds can be reconstructed into triangle meshes or voxelized, as a morphological prototype for further design implementation. Generated forms are capable to provide inspiration and reference for the designers to create free forms, showing the potential of the diffusion model to assist architecture design in conceptual phases.
Parametric Sankey: Interactive Mapping of Complex Material Flows for Urban and Architectural Design
Authors: Huang Jeffrey , Kim Frederick Chando , Johanes Mikhael
Published: January 2024

The mapping of flows in a city is essential for understanding urban systems and enabling the transition of the city into a circular economy. However, while tools for the virtual representations of physical volumes and spaces in urban environments have proliferated, effective tools for modeling the underlying flows are still missing. This paper discusses the development of Parametric Sankey, a tool for the trans-scalar representation of flows, and demonstrates its instrumentation in a research design process. The proposed Parametric Sankey tool overlays different flow categories (material, energy, labor, customer, waste, etc.) into one dynamic trans-scalar system, enabling interactive processes between analysis and intervention, and providing thereby an experimental interface to envision future circular cities and architectures.
Performance-Driven VR Learning for Robotics
Authors: Vassigh Shahin , Bogosian Biayna , Peterson Eric
Published: January 2024

The building industry is facing environmental, technological, and economic challenges, placing significant pressure on preparing the workforce for Industry 4.0 needs. The fields of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) are being reshaped by robotics technologies which demand new skills and creating disruptive change to job markets. Addressing the learning needs of AEC students, professionals, and industry workers is critical to ensuring the competitiveness of the future workforce. In recent years advancements in Information Technology, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have led to new research and theories on virtual learning environments. In the AEC fields researchers are beginning to rethink current robotics training to counteract costly and resource-intensive in-person learning. However, much of this work has been focused on simulation physics and has yet to adequately address how to engage AEC learners with different learning abilities, styles, and diverse backgrounds. This paper presents the advantages and difficulties associated with using new technologies to develop virtual reality (VR) learning games for robotics. It describes an ongoing project for creating performance driven curriculum. Drawing on the Constructivist Learning Theory, the affordances of Adaptive Learning Systems, and data collection methods from the VR game environment, the project provides a customized and performance-oriented approach to carrying out practical robotics tasks in real-world scenarios.