bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Providing Time in the Schedule Is Insufficient for Increasing Physical Activity in Childcare
Authors: Willis Erik A. , Hales Derek , Burney Regan , Smith Falon T. , Vaughn Amber E. , Ward Dianne S.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe differences in children’s sedentary behavior and physical activity (PA) when their early care and education center met the recommended PA practices. Up to 4 d of Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation was collected on 80 centers and 150 classrooms along with corresponding accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) data on 472 children. Linear mixed models were used to examine children’s PA outcomes based on compliance with the recommended PA practices (≥60 min·d−1 of outdoor play, ≥120 min·d−1 of indoor/outdoor play, and <60 min·d−1 of sedentary time). Meeting outdoor play recommendation was associated with a significant difference in centers’ time use: +56.7 min·d−1 of outdoor play and −38.5 min·d−1 of indoor play, resulting in an approximately 9 min·d−1 increase in children’s total PA while at childcare. Meeting indoor/outdoor play recommendation was associated with differences in centers’ time use: +66.9 min·d−1 of indoor/outdoor play, −29.7 min·d−1 of screen/sitting, −11.4 min·d−1 for circle time, and −19.2 min·d−1 of nonclassified activities, resulting in an approximately 14 min·d−1 increase in children’s total PA while at childcare. Meeting recommendation for limiting sedentary time was associated with −55.0 min·d−1 of screen/sitting, +24.4 min·d−1 of indoor play, +15.1 min·d−1 of outdoor play, and +8.4 min·d−1 for circle time, resulting in an approximately 7.0 min·d−1 increase in children’s light activity only while at childcare. Classroom compliance with the recommended practices at childcare had minimal association with children’s total daily or at home PA levels. These results suggest that providing time for play alone leads to minimal increases in total PA. These findings suggest the need for more quality play opportunities (e.g., provider-led PA) rather than allocating time alone to improve daily PA.
Future scenarios for the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Switzerland: an age-structured model
Authors: Estill Janne , Venkova-Marchevska Plamenna , Roelens Maroussia , Orel Erol , Temerev Alexander , Flahault Antoine , Keiser Olivia
Published: March 2021

The recent lifting of COVID-19 related restrictions in Switzerland causes uncertainty about the future of the epidemic. We developed a compartmental model for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Switzerland and projected the course of the epidemic until the end of year 2020 under various scenarios. The model was age-structured with three categories: children (0-17), adults (18-64) and seniors (65- years). Lifting all restrictions according to the plans disclosed by the Swiss federal authorities by mid-May resulted in a rapid rebound in the epidemic, with the peak expected in July. Measures equivalent to at least 76% reduction in all contacts were able to eradicate the epidemic; a 54% reduction in contacts could keep the intensive care unit occupancy under the critical level and delay the next wave until October. In scenarios where strong contact reductions were only applied in selected age groups, the epidemic could not be suppressed, resulting in an increased risk of a rebound in July, and another stronger wave in September. Future interventions need to cover all age groups to keep the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic under control.
Genome-wide regulation of CpG methylation by ecCEBPα in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ogunleye Adewale J. , Romanova Ekaterina , Medvedeva Yulia A.
Published: March 2021

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by genetic and epigenetic aberrations that alter the differentiation capacity of myeloid progenitor cells. The transcription factor CEBPα is frequently mutated in AML patients leading to an increase in DNA methylation in many genomic locations. Previously, it has been shown that ecCEBPα (extra coding CEBPα) - a lncRNA transcribed in the same direction as CEBPα gene - regulates DNA methylation of CEBPα promoter in cis. Here, we hypothesize that ecCEBPα could participate in the regulation of DNA methylation in trans.

Method: First, we retrieved the methylation profile of AML patients with mutated CEBPα locus from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We then predicted the ecCEBPα secondary structure in order to check the potential of ecCEBPα to form triplexes around CpG loci and checked if triplex formation influenced CpG methylation, genome-wide.

Results: Using DNA methylation profiles of AML patients with a mutated CEBPα locus, we show that ecCEBPα could interact with DNA by forming DNA:RNA triple helices and protect regions near its binding sites from global DNA methylation. Further analysis revealed that triplex-forming oligonucleotides in ecCEBPα are structurally unpaired supporting the DNA-binding potential of these regions. ecCEBPα triplexes supported with the RNA-chromatin co-localization data are located in the promoters of leukemia-linked transcriptional factors such as MLF2.

Discussion: Overall, these results suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for ecCEBPα as a genome-wide epigenetic modulator through triple-helix formation which may provide a foundation for sequence-specific engineering of RNA for regulating methylation of specific genes.
Conducting qualitative research during COVID-19: reflections on methods and challenges when interviewing marginalized refugee women
Authors: Lusambili Adelaide M. , Ochieng Sharon , Nyikuri Mary M. , Shumba Constance S.
Published: March 2021

This reflective opinion article arises from our experience conducting interviews with refugee women attending ante-natal and post-natal services in an urban setting in Kenya in the context of COVID‑19. First, we explain the research context in light of the study objectives. We reflect on the methodological challenges we faced, including researcher’s positionality, and argue that conducting research within the refugee context during the pandemic is unique, therefore research design must reconsider inclusive methodologies tailored to the uniqueness of refugees’ experience in order to obtain useful data. Second, we discuss these challenges in light of our experiences and the implications for addressing the gaps we identified, with particular emphasis on the ways in which professionals working with refugee communities in the context of a pandemic can build trust and obtain meaningful and uncompromised data. Lastly, we provide recommendations for researchers conducting similar research.
Perfectionist Involvement in Social and Labour Relations Depending on Personnel Management Style
Authors: Filyasova Yu.
Published: March 2021

Research into personal qualities of employees is acquiring relevance in the modern society as physical and material means and instruments of production are gradually being excluded from immediate interaction with people; their place is being taken by robotic technologies; whereas human labour is turning into intellectual creativity. Perfectionism is one of personal construct characteristics, which allows them to achieve high goals, overcoming different obstacles. The aim of the work was to consider the involvement of employees, characterized by perfectionistic personal construct, in social and labour relations under the authoritarian, democratic and liberal management styles. Perfectionists known for their struggle for high achievements are inclined to work individually and characterized by a low level of socialization. Under the authoritarian style, managers usually diminish individual achievements, focusing on the importance of goals and objectives rather than personality types of employees; therefore, perfectionists risk turning into reserved unsocial individuals. The democratic and liberal personnel management styles give the possibility to integrate perfectionists in teamwork, to activate their positive personal qualities and, in this way, enable them to meaningfully socialize. The democratic and liberal management styles provide conditions for successful combination of personal perfectionist interests and socially relevant objectives. In the age of information-oriented society, targeted at intensive intellectual development, contribution of perfectionists is indispensable; however, it is necessary to facilitate their social integration underlying inseparability of their individual goals and socially significant objectives.
Employee Adaptation As an Essential Element of Human Resource Management in a Production Organization
Authors: Petrenko B.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the features of adaptation of an employee of a production organization as a process of adaptation of a young specialist ("novice") to the changing conditions of the workplace, as well as the labor collective to a new employee and to changes in the internal and external environment of the organization.

The specifics and differences between adaptation and probation period as the main period of the process of adaptation of a new employee to the organization are determined.

Focuses on the revival of mentoring, in which the education of the "newbie" is performed by attaching officials and (or) the most trained workers - "mentors" responsible for the development of professional qualities of the appointed employee. The experience of adaptation in power structures is analyzed.
On the Stability of Redundancy Models
Authors: Anton Elene , Ayesta Urtzi , Jonckheere Matthieu , Verloop Ina Maria
Published: March 2021

The main motivation to investigate redundancy models comes from empirical evidence suggesting that redundancy can help improve the performance of real-world applications. Although there are several variants of a redundancy-based system, the general notion of redundancy is to create multiple copies of the same job that will be sent to a subset of servers. By allowing for redundant copies, the aim is to minimize the system latency by exploiting the variability in the queue lengths and the capacity of the different servers. In this article, the stability condition of redundancy multiserver systems is investigated. Several popular scheduling disciplines are considered, such as first-come-first-serve (FCFS), processor sharing (PS), and random order of service (ROS) and show that whereas with ROS the performance is not reduced, with both PS and FCFS the performance can severely degrade.
O trabalho de parceria na escola: implicações para a constituição docente
Authors: Cassão Pamela Aparecida , Chaluh Laura Noemi
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho é um recorte de uma pesquisa que tematizou o “trabalho de parceria” entre professora em exercício e bolsistas, graduandas do curso de pedagogia, no contexto escolar. Para ampliar a compreensão do trabalho docente pelo viés da colaboração e parceria, questão central da referida pesquisa, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de periódicos na área de educação, no estrato A1 (QUALIS CAPES). Nesta produção problematizamos os artigos sistematizados a partir daquele mapeamento bibliográfico na tentativa de compreender os diferentes conceitos e entendimentos que circulam no meio acadêmico em relação à temática em questão. Entende-se que o trabalho de parceria considera a escola como propositora de processos formativos, pautados em relações de confiança e que, os sujeitos que participam, estejam abertos a dialogar e problematizar questões da vida educativa que compartilham assumindo sua responsabilidade e compromisso perante as decisões tomadas conjuntamente..
Sequência Fedathi para mudança de prática: estudo de caso de uma experiência com o teatro científico
Authors: Felício Milinia Stephanie Nogueira Barbosa , Menezes Daniel Brandão , Borges Neto Hermínio
Published: March 2021

É preciso estar disposto a mudanças, a fim de ressignificar práticas educativas. O artigo investiga, por meio de estudo de caso, como a Sequência Fedathi pode transformar práticas docentes. Para tanto, observa-se os resultados relatados nas impressões da docente e dos alunos envolvidos, diretamente, com a experiência do teatro científico, realizado em uma escola estadual de Fortaleza. Reflete-se ainda sobre o impacto desse processo nas mediações. A pesquisa é qualitativa, utiliza-se também a pesquisa participante e a metodologia de pesquisa Sequência Fedathi. As metodologias de pesquisa e ensino Sequência Fedathi fazem parte do planejamento e da vivência da prática da professora. A mudança de prática do professor não é apenas uma nova técnica utilizada, o teatro, trata-se de uma forma diferente de fazer, com uma metodologia atrelada e com um objetivo consistente. Recomenda-se, ainda, uma proposta continuada de formação docente a fim de reconstruir concepções de ensino e aprendizagem, que aliem técnicas de ensino a uma metodologia transformadora.
Virtual clinics: the way forward for heart failure services
Authors: Sukumaran Sheena , Lawson Claire
Published: March 2021

Virtual clinics have played a huge role in the continuation of service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides an overview of how one heart failure clinic transferred its services to virtual clinics and what is needed to sustain these changes going forward.
Bridging the skills gap: apprentice assistant practitioners having an impact in mental healthcare services. Part 3. The mentor experience
Authors: Morris Andy , Higginson Helen
Published: March 2021

Understanding the relevance of the apprentice assistant practitioner (AAP) role in mental health is important for future developments within mental health services. This third article, in a series of four exploring the potential impact of AAPs in bridging the gap in mental health services, focuses on the experiences of the mentor role.

Mentorship in the development of health service workers is crucial to ensure competent, confident and skilled staff at all levels. This small-scale study looks at the experiences of the mentor in general and more specifically the experiences of a small group of mentors supporting AAPs in mental health services.

A questionnaire was sent to mentors at different stages of the AAP's journey and asked them to consider three broad themes: supporting the AAP, helpfulness of the AAP standards in mentoring; and the impact of the AAP in mental health services.

The results show a positive response in general from the mentors and the use of apprenticeship standards to focus the mentorship of the AAP, as well as the potential benefits the assistant practitioner (AP) role has in both supporting services users and the service as a whole.
Quality Characteristics of Yanggaeng Added With Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone as Partial Replacement of Sucrose
Authors: Jeong Gyeong A , Kim Yang , Lee Chang Joo
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to prepare low-calorie yanggaeng with reduced sugar by adding neohesperidin dihydrochalcone or NHDC (0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) and to compare its quality characteristics. NHDC is a high sweetener, 1,500-1,800 times sweeter than sucrose. In the sugar (oBx) and water content of the NHDC-added yanggaeng, there was no significant difference except for the sugar sample. The brightness of the yanggaeng according to the amount of NHDC added was 37.7-38.7 in the NH group, which was brighter than sugar’s (35.5). The yellowness in the NH group was -0.50 to -0.54, which was higher than the sugar’s (-0.80). The total polyphenol content ranged from 16.0-16.8 mg/100g, while DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 63.8-65.2. In the overall acceptability, sugar and NH3 were in the order of 6.25 and 5.25, respectively, and it was found that adding 0.05% of NHDC was desirable in replacing 50% of sugar in the manufacturing of Yanngang. Accordingly, NHDC does not have sugar level sweetness, so it does not seem easy to replace sugar completely. Research on improving sweetness by using the structural modification of NHDC is essential in the future.
Nitrogen Fertilization and Physiological Disorders of Spring Kimchi Cabbage During Cold Storage
Authors: Min Sung-gi , Ha Sanghyun , Jeon Jun young , Park Hoseong , Han Eung Soo
Published: March 2021

Ammonium (NH4 +-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) fertilizers were spread 30 kg/10a and 60 kg/10a, respectively, as additional fertilizers in nitrogen fertilization to investigate their effects on spring kimchi cabbage's physiological disorders during cold storage. The initial weight of spring kimchi cabbage after harvesting was 3.80 kg with two-fold NO3-N, whereas it was 3.22 kg with one-fold NO3-N. After 90 days of cold storage, the total loss ratio became lower as the nitrogen fertilizer ratio increased. The pH increased, reducing sugar content decrease during the storage. Black speck occurrence became higher as the nitrogen fertilizer increased. Mid-rib brown stain and soft rot were observed slightly in kimchi cabbage regardless of the nitrogen fertilizer ratio. Two-fold NO3-N fertilization showed a positive effect on increasing weight and reducing kimchi cabbage loss, but it exhibited a negative effect on the black speck. The method and content of nitrogen fertilization of spring kimchi cabbage may be adjusted according to the usage and storage periods.
Effect of Milling on the Pasting Properties and Storage Stability of Dry-Milled Rice Flour
Authors: Jo Youngje , Chun Areum , Sim Eun-Yeong , Park Hye-Young , Kwak Ji-Eun , Kim Mi-Jung , Lee Choon-Ki , Jeon Yong Hee
Published: March 2021

This study was carried out to investigate milling's effect on the pasting properties and storage stability of dry-milled rice flour. Rice flour's moisture content was increased from 9.48% to 9.80% after going through a rice polisher, and the crude fat content of rice flour was decreased from 0.91% to 0.62% after going through a rice polisher. In the color index of rice flour, the rice polisher was only affected by yellowness. The pasting properties were verified through RVA, and it was confirmed that the use of a rice polisher had no significant effect on the pasting properties. As a result of observing the changes in fatty acid value, it was ascertained that the storage period could be increased using the rice polisher. These results suggest that the rice polisher can increase the storage period without changing the pasting properties.
Conceptualization of Man's Behavioral and Physical Characteristics as Animal Metaphors in the Spoken Discourse of Khezel People
Authors: Aliakbari Mohammad , Faraji Elham
Published: March 2021

Cognitive theory of metaphor has changed our understanding of metaphor as a figurative device to a matter of thought. It holds that metaphors are cognitively as well as culturally motivated. Despite having similar images in some languages, the culture-specific aspect of animal metaphors inspired the researchers to explore this area of metaphoric system in a local Kurdish variety to investigate how animal metaphors are reflected in spoken discourse. To achieve this objective, the authors collected and analyzed animal expressions adopted for praise and degradation of physical and behavioral characteristics in Khezeli dialect in Ilam, Iran. To create a representative corpus, the authors scrutinized spoken language and oral poetry of the dialect. The collected data indicate that more wild than domestic and more degrading than praising animal expressions are used for man's physical and behavioral characteristics. It is also confirmed that aspects of appearance, size, physical characteristics as well as body parts of animals are transferred to humans. Further, users' attitudes toward animals reflected themselves in their metaphors. Users were also found to have three categories of positive, positive/negative, and negative connotations for animal names. Despite the existence of similarities in the underlying patterns of metaphoric use in different languages, the research came to the conclusion that the types of animals used, their connotations and interpretations may be worlds apart and taking the meaning of one for another may lead to misunderstanding.
Implications for Gender Relations of Summons-Response and Address Forms in Dagbanli
Authors: Salifu Nantogma Alhassan
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the structure and function of the summons and response in Dagbanli as well as address forms in the husband-wife relation. The Dagbanli language imposes different response forms on males and females and asymmetrical address terms between husband and wife. Drawing from my knowledge of the language as a native speaker and from observed practices of other speakers as well as from insights of key informants, I apply theories of sociolinguistics and pragmatics to analyze these simple conversational acts and I argue that they do not only reflect the sex differences of speakers but embed a larger gender ideology of unequal social relations between males and females in the Dagomba society.
Are We What We Eat? Food Metaphors in the Conceptualization of Ethnic Groups
Authors: López-Rodríguez Irene
Published: March 2021

Speakers of English often understand ethnic and racial differences in terms of food imagery. It is quite common in this language to encounter metaphors presenting different groups of people in terms of beans, rice, bread, cheese, apples or chocolate. Given the cognitive and social force of metaphor in our understanding of the world and of ourselves as well as the important role language plays as a channel through which ideas and beliefs are transmitted and perpetuated, such food images may offer a window on the (de)construction of ethnic identi-ties and, ultimately, hide racist views against others who are different because of their skin color, physical features, languages and, obviously, diets.
Towards a corpus-based analysis of evaluative scales associated with even
Authors: Gast Volker , Rzymski Christoph
Published: March 2021

Scalar focus operators like even, only, etc. interact with scales, i. e., ordered sets of alternatives that are referenced by focus structure. The scaling dimensions interacting with focus operators have been argued to be semantic (e. g. entailment relations, probability) in earlier work, but it has been shown that purely semantic analyses are too restrictive, and that the specific scale that a given operator interacts with is often pragmatic, in the sense of being a function of the context. If that is true, the question arises what exactly determines the (types of) scales interacting with focus operators. The present study addresses this question by investigating the distributional behaviour of the additive scalar particle even relative to scales whose focus alternatives are ordered in terms of evaluative attitudes (positive, negative). Our hypothesis is that such evaluative attitudinal scales are at least partially functions of the lexical material in the sentential environment. This hypothesis is tested by determining correlations between sentence-level attitudes and lexically encoded attitudes in the relevant sentences. We use data from the Europarl corpus, a corpus of scripted and highly elaborated political speech, which is rich in argumentative discourse and thus lends itself to the study of attitudes in context. Our results show that there are in fact significant correlations between (manual) sentence-level evaluations and lexical evaluations (determined through machine learning) in the textual environment of the relevant operators. We conclude with an outlook on possible extensions of the method applied in the present study by identifying attitudinal patterns beyond the sentence, showing that positively and negatively connotated instances of even differ in terms of their argumentative function, with positive even often marking the climax and endpoint of an argument, while negative even often occurs in qualifying insertions like concessive parentheses. While we regard our results as valid, some refinements and extensions of the method are pointed out as necessary steps towards the establishment of an empirical sentence semantics, in the domain of scalar additive operators as well as more generally speaking.
Polnische und deutsche Phraseologismen mit den Komponenten kot/Katze und pies/Hund im "Słownik języka polskiego" von Samuel Bogumił Linde und im "Deutschen Wörterbuch" von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm
Authors: Janus Dominika
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to analyze Polish and German idioms containing names of animals, namely cat and dog in Słownik języka polskiego by Samuel Bogumił Linde and Deutsches Wörterbuch by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Firstly, it is to be stated how many of those idioms mentioned in both of the dictionaries have survived and how many are extinct. The meanings, symbols and images hidden in the idioms regarded as the historical ones seem to be particularly interesting. The last point of the analysis refers to the fact of how much Polish and German idioms containing the same names of animals are similar.
Attributive possession in 19th century Mauritian Creole
Authors: Avram Andrei
Published: March 2021

The paper examines the attributive possessive structures attested in 19th century Mauritian Creole. It is first shown that these include a construction with the preposition pou ‘for’, which has not been mentioned in the literature. The situation in Mauritian Creole is then compared to that in Seychelles Creole, a closely related variety. Also discussed are some of the more general implications of the findings.
Persian Academic Lecture Closings: An Investigation into Verbal and Non-verbal Ending Indicators
Authors: Jalilifar Alireza , Shahri Somaiyeh , Mir Farzaneh
Published: March 2021

Lectures, as an indispensable channel of knowledge, have drawn the attention of many dis-course analysts. The present study investigates the organization of academic lecture closings, level of formality, and verbal and non-verbal cues for the ending of classes. To this end, 1500 minutes of 100 recorded Persian academic lectures were transcribed and the relating parts analyzed to explore the rhetorical structure of their termination points. Results showed that Persian lecturers used a wide range of strategies in lecture closings. Answering questions, raising questions, and indicating the end of the lecture were the most frequently used strate-gies. Moreover, most strategies tended to cluster at the pre-ending stage. Findings also re-vealed that lecturers in Persian academic settings employ collective you to enhance teacher-student distance and degree of formality. The study can provide lecturers with practical appli-cations regarding the structure of lecture closings.
Die Manifestierung von Geschlechterstereotypen in Metaphern der deutschen Jugendsprache
Authors: Khrystenko Oksana
Published: March 2021

The article considers gender-based substandard metaphors with stereotypical background in the German youth language. The aim of the publication is to highlight the peculiarities in metaphorical representation of males/females relating to their appearance, character, behavioral and intellectual characteristics. The substandard metaphors with a reference to male/female correlate with the conceptual metaphors grounded in sensory-motor experience. It can be concluded that the metaphors in the youth language verbalize gender stereotypes existing in society. The substandard metaphors that refer to persons of both sexes challenging traditional gender stereotypes and falling into the category of ‘deviant other’ have negative connotation.
Exploiter un travail de corpus sur la place de l’épithète pour élaborer une progression didactique en FLE
Authors: Camussi-Ni Marie-Armelle , Coatéval Annick , Thuilier Juliette
Published: March 2021

This paper sets out the convergence between two approaches – a theoretical one and an applied one – aiming to tackle the problem of attributive adjective position in French. We show how the results of a corpus study contribute to the understanding of the issues faced by traditional descriptions designed for learners of French as a foreign language. This reflection leads us to create a learning progression that aims to give learners the keys to the linguistic skills that they lack. Even if the objectives of researchers in corpus linguistics and researchers in education are different, we think that the gap between usage and grammar requires learning sequences to be drawn up on the basis of current works based on corpora. This approach allows us to avoid learning sequences that either are unrealistic simplifications or necessarily non-exhaustive inventories.
The risk of metacommunication to manage interactional trouble in online chat counseling
Authors: Jager Margot , Stommel Wyke
Published: March 2021

The main handbook on online counseling used in the Netherlands recommends counselors to use metacommunication, i. e. to state what happens during the interaction, in case of interactional trouble. The aim of this study was to explore this interactional strategy by describing how counselors may use metacommunication to respond to interactional problems in online counseling of the “helpline” type (single chat sessions). Data were derived from a corpus of 197 sessions of the Dutch information chat service on alcohol and drugs and 348 sessions from a Dutch general chat help service. The theoretical and analytical framework of (digital) conversation analysis (CA) was used to analyze the data. The analyses show that metacommunication is used, but only rarely. Clients tend to log out from problematic sessions, often even before the counselor is able to identify interactional trouble at all. This means online counselors operate under the constant risk of clients’ disengagement. Second, we identified and described three metacommunicative practices counselors use to respond to problematic interaction: 1) Self-criticizing; the counselor is regretting (s)he was not able to help due to a lack of useful advice or to the boundaries of the institutional context. This strategy seems to elicit client acknowledgement followed by an aligned closing; 2) Accusing: the counselor is questioning the client’s advice recipiency. This strategy seems to elicit even more client resistance. 3) Explaining: the counselor explains the institutional tasks and responsibilities and/or suggests the client has unrealistic expectations. We conclude that although metacommunication can be useful to restore the relationship with the client when it is apologetic, it can also be counterproductive to deal with problematic interaction when the counselor questions the client’s willingness or ability to accept the advice. For this reason, our analysis warrants the advice to avoid metacommunication as a strategy in single session counseling.
Terahertz magnetoplasmon resonances in coupled cavities formed in a gated two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Park S. J. , Zonetti S. , Parker-Jervis R. S. , Wu J. , Wood C. D. , Li L. H. , Davies A. G. , Linfield E. H. , Sydoruk O. , Cunningham J. E.
Published: March 2021

We report on both experiments and theory of low-terahertz frequency range (up to 400 GHz) magnetoplasmons in a gated two-dimensional electron gas at low (<4K) temperatures. The evolution of magnetoplasmon resonances was observed as a function of magnetic field at frequencies up to ∼400 GHz. Full-wave 3D simulations of the system predicted the spatial distribution of plasmon modes in the 2D channel, along with their frequency response, allowing us to distinguish those resonances caused by bulk and edge magnetoplasmons in the experiments. Our methodology is anticipated to be applicable to the low temperature (<4K) on-chip terahertz measurements of a wide range of other low-dimensional mesoscopic systems.
On-off near-infrared absorbance based on thermal-responsive plasmonic coupling in vanadium dioxide arrays for thermochromic windows
Authors: Ke Yujie , Wang Tao , Li Na , Wang Shancheng , Long Yi
Published: March 2021

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) emerges as an attractive plasmonic material due to its unique reversible thermal-responsive phase transition and the promising application in energy-saving smart windows. Here, by optimizing the geometry of VO2 nano-cylinder arrays, we demonstrate a significant performance enhancement for energy-efficient thermochromic windows. Such a performance enhancement relies on the on-off behavior of plasmonic resonance in the extremely high packing density of VO2 nano-cylinder arrays. Different from the typical plasmonic material, silver, VO2 nano-cylinders are characterized to have strong absorbance in near-infrared spectrum with significantly weaker plasmonic coupling to their neighbors, making them suitable to be arranged with a high packing density. The VO2 nano-cylinder arrays exhibit a 160% luminous transmittance increment, comparing to a flat film with the same solar modulation of ∼10%. The work provides a better understanding of the plasmonic behavior on phase-change VO2 and an efficient method to enhance smart window performance.
MTF improvement for optical synthetic aperture system via mid-frequency compensation
Authors: Wu Yong , Hui Mei , Li Weiqian , Liu Ming , Dong Liquan , Kong Lingqin , Zhao Yuejin
Published: March 2021

Optical synthetic aperture imaging system has grown out the quest for higher angular resolution in astronomy, which combines the radiation from several small sub-apertures to obtain a resolution equivalent to that of a single filled aperture. Due to the discrete distribution of the sub-apertures, pupil function is no longer a connected domain, which further leads to the attenuation or loss of the mid-frequency modulation transfer function (MTF). The mid-frequency MTF compensation is therefore a key focus. In this paper, a complete mid-frequency compensation algorithm is proposed, which can extract and fuse the frequency of different synthetic aperture systems and monolithic aperture systems according to their special MTF characteristics. The dimensions of the monolithic aperture and optical synthetic aperture system are derived, and the longest baseline of the monolithic aperture is much smaller than that of the optical synthetic aperture system. Then the separated spatial frequency information is extracted and synthesized according to the spatial frequency equivalence point. Finally, the full-frequency enhanced image is recovered by using improved Wiener-Helstrom filter, which adopts specific parameters based on different sub-aperture arrangements. The mid-frequency MTF of Golay-3 increases from 0.12 to 0.16 and that of Golay-6 increases from 0.06 to 0.18. Both the simulation and experiment prove that the proposed method not only realizes the spatial resolution determined by the longest baseline of the optical synthetic aperture system, but also successfully compensates its mid-frequency MTF.
High-sensitivity inter-satellite optical communications using chip-scale LED and single-photon detector hardware
Authors: Griffiths Alexander D. , Herrnsdorf Johannes , Henderson Robert K. , Strain Michael J. , Dawson Martin D.
Published: March 2021

Small satellites have challenging size weight and power requirements for communications modules, which we address here by using chip-scale light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters and single-photon avalanche diode receivers. Data rates of 100 Mb/s have been demonstrated at a sensitivity of −55.2 dBm, and simulations with supporting experimental work indicate ranges in excess of 1 km are feasible with a directional gain of up to 52 dBi and comparatively modest pointing requirements. A 750 m, 20 Mb/s link using a single micro-LED has been demonstrated experimentally. The low electrical power requirements and compact, semiconductor nature of these devices offer high data rate, high sensitivity communications for small satellite platforms.
Topological optical and phononic interface mode by simultaneous band inversion
Authors: Ortiz O. , Priya P. , Rodriguez A. , Lemaitre A. , Esmann M. , Lanzillotti-Kimura N. D.
Published: March 2021

Band inversion in one-dimensional superlattices is a strategy to generate topological interface modes in electronics, optics, acoustics, and nanophononics. Despite their potential for the control of topologically robust interactions, most realizations of these states have so far explored only a single kind of excitation. In this work, we design and fabricate GaAs/AlAs devices with simultaneously inverted band structures for light and phonons. We experimentally observe colocalized interface modes for 1.34 eV photons by optical reflectivity and 18 GHz phonons by coherent phonon generation and detection. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate the ensuing robustness of the Brillouin interaction between them with respect to a specific type of disorder. Furthermore, we theoretically analyze the efficiency of time-domain Brillouin scattering in different topological designs presenting colocalized states and deduce a set of engineering rules. Potential future applications include the engineering of robust optomechanical resonators in a material system compatible with active media such as quantum wells and quantum dots.
Human papillomavirus vaccination for adults aged 30 to 45 years in the United States: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Kim Jane J. , Simms Kate T. , Killen James , Smith Megan A. , Burger Emily A. , Sy Stephen , Regan Catherine , Canfell Karen
Published: March 2021

Background

A nonavalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been licensed for use in women and men up to age 45 years in the United States. The cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination for women and men aged 30 to 45 years in the context of cervical cancer screening practice was evaluated to inform national guidelines.

Methods and findings

We utilized 2 independent HPV microsimulation models to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of extending the upper age limit of HPV vaccination in women (from age 26 years) and men (from age 21 years) up to age 30, 35, 40, or 45 years. The models were empirically calibrated to reflect the burden of HPV and related cancers in the US population and used standardized inputs regarding historical and future vaccination uptake, vaccine efficacy, cervical cancer screening, and costs. Disease outcomes included cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancers, as well as genital warts. Both models projected higher costs and greater health benefits as the upper age limit of HPV vaccination increased. Strategies of vaccinating females and males up to ages 30, 35, and 40 years were found to be less cost-effective than vaccinating up to age 45 years, which had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) greater than a commonly accepted upper threshold of $200,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. When including all HPV-related outcomes, the ICER for vaccinating up to age 45 years ranged from $315,700 to $440,600 per QALY gained. Assumptions regarding cervical screening compliance, vaccine costs, and the natural history of noncervical HPV-related cancers had major impacts on the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination strategies. Key limitations of the study were related to uncertainties in the data used to inform the models, including the timing of vaccine impact on noncervical cancers and vaccine efficacy at older ages.

Conclusions

Our results from 2 independent models suggest that HPV vaccination for adult women and men aged 30 to 45 years is unlikely to represent good value for money in the US.
Parental death in childhood and pathways to increased mortality across the life course in Stockholm, Sweden: A cohort study
Authors: Hiyoshi Ayako , Berg Lisa , Grotta Alessandra , Almquist Ylva , Rostila Mikael
Published: March 2021

Background

Previous studies have shown that the experience of parental death during childhood is associated with increased mortality risk. However, few studies have examined potential pathways that may explain these findings. The aim of this study is to examine whether familial and behavioural factors during adolescence and socioeconomic disadvantages in early adulthood mediate the association between loss of a parent at age 0 to 12 and all-cause mortality by the age of 63.

Methods and findings

A cohort study was conducted using data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study for 12,615 children born in 1953, with information covering 1953 to 2016. Familial and behavioural factors at age 13 to 19 included psychiatric and alcohol problems in the surviving parent, receipt of social assistance, and delinquent behaviour in the offspring. Socioeconomic disadvantage in early adulthood included educational attainment, occupational social class, and income at age 27 to 37. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models, combined with a multimediator analysis, to separate direct and indirect effects of parental death on all-cause mortality.

Among the 12,582 offspring in the study (men 51%; women 49%), about 3% experienced the death of a parent in childhood. During follow-up from the age of 38 to 63, there were 935 deaths among offspring. Parental death was associated with an elevated risk of mortality after adjusting for demographic and household socioeconomic characteristics at birth (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.52 [95% confidence interval: 1.10 to 2.08,p-value = 0.010]). Delinquent behaviour in adolescence and income during early adulthood were the most influential mediators, and the indirect associations through these variables were HR 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06, 0.029) and HR 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07, 0.029), respectively. After accounting for these indirect paths, the direct path was attenuated to HR 1.35 (0.98 to 1.85, 0.066). The limitations of the study include that the associations may be partly due to genetic, social, and behavioural residual confounding, that statistical power was low in some of the subgroup analyses, and that there might be other relevant paths that were not investigated in the present study.

Conclusions

Our findings from this cohort study suggest that childhood parental death is associated with increased mortality and that the association was mediated through a chain of disadvantages over the life course including delinquency in adolescence and lower income during early adulthood. Professionals working with bereaved children should take the higher mortality risk in bereaved offspring into account and consider its lifelong consequences. When planning and providing support to bereaved children, it may be particularly important to be aware of their increased susceptibility to delinquency and socioeconomic vulnerability that eventually lead to higher mortality.
High prevalence and diversity of Bartonella in small mammals from the biodiverse Western Ghats
Authors: Ansil B. R. , Mendenhall Ian H. , Ramakrishnan Uma
Published: March 2021

Bartonella species are recognized globally as emerging zoonotic pathogens. Small mammals such as rodents and shrews are implicated as major natural reservoirs for these microbial agents. Nevertheless, in several tropical countries, like India, the diversity of Bartonella in small mammals remain unexplored and limited information exists on the natural transmission cycles (reservoirs and vectors) of these bacteria. Using a multi-locus sequencing approach, we investigated the prevalence, haplotype diversity, and phylogenetic affinities of Bartonella in small mammals and their associated mites in a mixed-use landscape in the biodiverse Western Ghats in southern India. We sampled 141 individual small mammals belonging to eight species. Bartonella was detected in five of the eight species, including three previously unknown hosts. We observed high interspecies variability of Bartonella prevalence in the host community. However, the overall prevalence (52.5%) and haplotype diversity (0.9) was high for the individuals tested. Of the seven lineages of Bartonella identified in our samples, five lineages were phylogenetically related to putative zoonotic species–B. tribocorum, B. queenslandensis, and B. elizabethae. Haplotypes identified from mites were identical to those identified from their host species. This indicates that these Bartonella species may be zoonotic, but further work is necessary to confirm whether these are pathogenic and pose a threat to humans. Taken together, these results emphasize the presence of hitherto unexplored diversity of Bartonella in wild and synanthropic small mammals in mixed-use landscapes. The study also highlights the necessity to assess the risk of spillover to humans and other incidental hosts.
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 22F infection in respiratory syncytial virus infected neonatal lambs enhances morbidity
Authors: Alnajjar Sarhad , Sitthicharoenchai Panchan , Gallup Jack , Ackermann Mark , Verhoeven David
Published: March 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of viral bronchiolitis resulting in hospitalization and a frequent cause of secondary respiratory bacterial infection, especially byStreptococcus pneumoniae (Spn)in infants. While murine studies have demonstrated enhanced morbidity during a viral/bacterial co-infection, human meta-studies have conflicting results. Moreover, little knowledge about the pathogenesis of emergingSpnserotype 22F, especially the co-pathologies between RSV andSpn, is known. Here, colostrum-deprived neonate lambs were divided into four groups. Two of the groups were nebulized with RSV M37, and the other two groups were mock nebulized. At day three post-RSV infection, one RSV group (RSV/Spn)and one mock-nebulized group (Spn only) were inoculated withSpnintratracheally. At day six post-RSV infection, bacterial/viral loads were assessed along with histopathology and correlated with clinical symptoms. Lambs dually infected with RSV/Spntrended with higher RSV titers, but lowerSpn. Additionally, lung lesions were observed to be more frequent in the RSV/Spngroup characterized by increased interalveolar wall thickness accompanied by neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration and higher myeloperoxidase. Despite lowerSpnin lungs, co-infected lambs had more significant morbidity and histopathology, which correlated with a different cytokine response. Thus, enhanced disease severity during dual infection may be due to lesion development and altered immune responses rather than bacterial counts.
Transcriptome analysis reveals defense-related genes and pathways against Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Gao Shenghua , Wang Fei , Niran Juntawong , Li Ning , Yin Yanxu , Yu Chuying , Jiao Chunhai , Yao Minghua
Published: March 2021

Bacterial spot (BS), incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), is one of the most serious diseases of pepper. For a comparative analysis of defense responses to Xcv infection, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of a susceptible cultivar, ECW, and a resistant cultivar, VI037601, using the HiSeqTM 2500 sequencing platform. Approximately 120.23 G clean bases were generated from 18 libraries. From the libraries generated, a total of 38,269 expressed genes containing 11,714 novel genes and 11,232 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the most noticeable pathways were plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway—plant, plant hormone signal transduction and secondary metabolisms. 1,599 potentially defense-related genes linked to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), calcium signaling, and transcription factors may regulate pepper resistance to Xcv. Moreover, after Xcv inoculation, 364 DEGs differentially expressed only in VI037601 and 852 genes in both ECW and VI037601. Many of those genes were classified as NBS-LRR genes, oxidoreductase gene, WRKY and NAC transcription factors, and they were mainly involved in metabolic process, response to stimulus and biological regulation pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR of sixteen selected DEGs further validated the RNA-seq differential gene expression analysis. Our results will provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms of pepper resistance to Xcv infection and improving pepper resistance cultivars against Xcv.