bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utopías sonoras: escollos y peligros de músicas idealizadas
Authors: Miranda Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Half a century after its first publication, this article retrieves the presence of music in Tomás Moro's Utopia, as well as in other similar texts from the time when music played a significant role. The exercise serves to explore the use of music as part of utopian philosophies and ideas, to show some of the idealistic, historical and aesthetic notions given to music and its composers in the 16th and 17th centuries. In its second section, the article analyzes such utopian notions in the recurrent ideas and speech of the Mexican composer Julián Carrillo and proposes that following utopian ideas can provide with a renewed interpretation of the music and Mexican composers rhetoric.
Exploraciones y reconstrucciones en Teotihuacan 1960-1962: intervenciones previas al “Proyecto Teotihuacán”
Authors: Medina-González José Humberto , Ortega-Cabrera Verónica
Published: June 2021

From January 1960 to March 1962, extensive archaeological excavations were carried out at the monumental buildings that set the boundaries of the west side of the immense Plaza of the Pyramid of the Moon, situated north of the civic ceremonial centre of the ancient metropolis Teotihuacan –nowadays the famous archaeological site in the State of Mexico. The excavations took place during seasons I, II, III conducted by the INAH’s Department of Pre-Hispanic Monuments. This work resulted in the opening of these buildings (2, 3, 4, 5 and the Palace of Quetzalpapálotl to the west, as well as of building 1 situated southwest of the foot of the ‘Adosada’, the pyramid attached to the Moon Pyramid.) All these archaeological remains were freed from tons of rubble, consolidated and reconstructed in order to make the public visit possible.
Information about these three seasons of archaeological reconstruction is hardly known –except from the limited references made in publications by Acosta (1964), Bernal (1963) and Müller (1978 and [1961] 2008 a and b)– because no thorough search has been carried out so far in order to trace related documents in the INAH archives. The aim of this article is to present published and unpublished material on this topic (administrative and bureaucratic material, preceding projects, proposals, drawings and photographs), as well as to show how the excavations were managed, planned and developed and to demonstrate how consolidation and reconstruction were
achieved during these first three seasons proceeding seasons IV and V of the INAH “Teotihuacán Project” (1962-1964). By presenting the process of excavation and reconstruction in detail –while taking into account the social political context of the country as well as the institutional conditions that facilitated large scale explorations– more knowledge is gained of the archaeological history of Teotihuacan as a whole, as well as of the pivotal role of those in charge of seasons I, II and III in particular.
Las prisiones y sus consecuencias
Authors: Zavala-Saeb Paola
Published: June 2021

According to the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, not only is the social reintegration a penitentiary system objective, but to ensure the individual won’t re-offend. This text presents data on prisons in Mexico and their consequences, which call into question the compliance with the constitutional objective.
El derecho internacional de los derechos culturales
Authors: Flores-Déleon Erika
Published: June 2021

In the United Mexican States, as a consequence of the constitutional reform on cultural matters in 2009, it was established that “everyone has the right to freely practice their cultural rights”. Furthermore, since the entry into force of the constitutional reform on Human rights in 2011, absolute rights and fundamental freedoms are uplifted, which implies a turning point in legal science since the State has now the constitutional obligation to realign the domestic laws with the International Human Rights Law, particularly regarding cultural matters. The latter alongside the international law of cultural rights to guarantee the effectiveness of the rights that are present in a cultural community.
Que nunca nos falte la poesía: alto vuelo, alta vida a Altazor
Authors: Bojorquez-Martínez Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

The review refers to the Revista Electrónica Altazor, a Chilean open access publication of the Vicente Huidobro Foundation, about Latin American poetry in its creative and cultural dimensions. It addresses the background of one year after its first issue, its cyberspace relationships within the information society and the conception itself from its work of compilation and dissemination of Latin American and world poets.
La ciencia hecha poesía. Principia de Elisa Díaz Castelo
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandro
Published: June 2021

Principia, is a poetry book by the Mexican poet Elisa Díaz Castelo (Mexico City, 1986) published in 2018 by the Fondo Editorial Tierra Adentro. The text mingles poetic and scientific language, resulting in an interesting linguistic and metaphoric experiment.
El ensayo literario: la libertad de pensar
Authors: Rivero Laura Sofía
Published: June 2021

Given the difficulty of defining the essay, this text wonders about its literary possibilities and the implications of considering it as an inventive writing process.
Ensayando que es gerundio
Authors: Esquivel-Marin Sigifredo
Published: June 2021

This essay examines, from a personal perspective, the being and doing of the essayistic literature in the context of contemporary literature in Latin America. It is a provisional and introductory approach to essayism as critical imagination.
«¿Mírasme? pues mírote»: mirada y subjetividad en algunas adivinanzas populares medievales
Authors: Cervantes-Espinosa Rodrigo
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, the critics who have been concerned with the interpretation of  the riddles of medieval Hispanic popular lyric have adopted critical approaches oriented towards psychology and pedagogy, without taking into account the stylistic features they present due to their belonging to a specific lyric tradition. Nor have they paid much attention to the analysis of the lyrical subject and its poetic implications. Through the interpretation, from an informed stylistic analysis, some popular riddles fundamental characteristics of subjectivity are evaluated in this lyric form whose main feature is a poetics of dissimulation and obscurity based on the symbolism of the gaze.
Cuchara, cuchillo, tenedor, ensayo
Authors: Mendiola Víctor Manuel
Published: June 2021

This text stands up for the idea that the essay, many times, is a piece of writing as creative not only as poetry, but also as other arts and goes around with this thought.
Sol Álvarez, el arte como identidad
Authors: Leyva José Ángel
Published: June 2021

The plastic artist Sol Álvarez develops an aesthetic discourse based more on her theoretical training in the field of art, on her critical practice, and research into history of art and artists, and she assumes it under the principle of stewardship. That is to say, the legacy of a gift for which she is responsible of and which recognizes the teaching of whom have shown the tools and resources of creation. Stewardship as a discipline and as rebellion.
Presentación
Authors: Editorial Coordinación
Published: June 2021

FIGURAS REVISTA ACADÉMICA DE INVESTIGACIÓN sets and builds up –through an act of writing- the act of transforming, tracing or representing in each publication the findings that authors lay on each of the three sections covered in this publication.
In this issue, the Perspectives section includes four articles, two of which are based on the analysis of the phenomenon of racism. One focuses on the racist processes of the Spanish colonial system in the territories of America, and the second takes this reflection towards the questioning of current public policies on public education in the indigenous Ralámuli communities of Sierra Tarahumara, located in northern Mexico. From another field of knowledge, the other two articles -situated in a context prior to modernity- focus on the semiotic content that allows us to approach the Judeo-Spanish mortuary practices, and the other invites us to rethink the riddles of Hispanic medieval popular poetry, beyond the traditional didactic and ludic approaches with which the subject has been treated.
 In the section Scenarios, four essays are grouped together which, on this ocassion, have as their axis of reflection the conceptualization of the essay itself. Four looks at the meaning and the sense of the essay as a way of fixing ideas as a manifestation of free thought, as a means to express criticism, as a genre of writing that adapts to a unique writer, or essay writing as a process of self-knowledge.
 The Resonances section includes two critiques of recently published books: one addresses the urban development in the city of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, highlighting the role of prostitution as a trigger for the urbanization of a border city, and the second -in a compilation of 35 articles-, emphazises the multidisciplinary view of Covid-19 in the context of global governance in the 21st century. Two reviews that encompasses Innovation Projects: one devotes its efforts to the critical decolonial analysis of the practices of the digital Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) and proposes a change based on the decolonization of the digital media with which this Library works. In the second, the creation of elaboraHD is reviewed within the framework of the implementation of Digital Humanities that incorporate current technological innovation in the wide field of knowledge that, at the beginning, was not identified with these processes. Finally, within the field of plastic arts, an inspiring review of the pictorial work of an artist whose work is nourished by the political history and the art history of the 20th century.
FIGURAS REVISTA ACADÉMICA DE INVESTIGACIÓN provides free and immediate access to its contents so that research articles, essays and reviews are available, free of charge in order to join the promotion that the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México is giving to the exchange of research content carried out in the country, through Open Access (OA) template, understood as a way of sharing scientific information at no cost or restriction for the user and in which each article, essay or review appears in a unique way.
Love wave in porous layer under initial stress over heterogeneous elastic half-space under gravity and initial stress
Authors: Gupta Asit Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Anup Kumar , Kundu Santimoy , Patra Pulak
Published: June 2021

In the present paper, effect of initial stresses and gravity on the propagation of Love waves has been studied in porous layer surface over a heterogeneous half-space. We have considered two types of boundary on free surfaces: (a) rigid boundary and (b) traction free boundary. The propagation of Love waves has been investigated under assumed media in both the cases of boundary and discusses a comparison study of two cases. The dispersion equations and phase velocities have been obtained in both the cases. The numerical calculations have been done and presented graphically. This study of Love waves in the assumed medium reveals that the presence of initial stress in the half-space and absence of initial stress in the layer, the displacement of phase velocity in rigid boundary  is more than the traction free boundary.
New Semi Quantitative Approach for Interpreting Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Measurements by Using Fractal Modeling Technique, Case Study from Khanasser Valley, Northern Syria
Authors: Asfahani Jamal
Published: June 2021

Fractal modeling technique, with adapting the concentration-number (C-N) model and the threshold break points concept is newly proposed to interpret vertical electrical sounding (VES) measurements distributed along a given profile. New semi quantitative approach is consequently proposed to rapidly differentiate between different apparent resistivity populations, where 2D semi quantitative interpretation and a primary geological analysis could be constructed. The new technique is practiced and tested on a case study taken from Khanasser Valley, Northern Syria, where different selected profiles (LP1, LP2, LP3, and TP5) are interpreted. The availability and the feasibility of the proposed approached are confirmed and approved through the different comparisons between the multi fractal established cross sections and the traditional 1D VES interpretation models. It is recommended to routinely use this new proposed fractal approach in the geoelectrical researches for interpreting VES measurements distributed along a given profile.
How to use solutions of Advection-Dispersion Equation to describe reactive solute transport through porous media
Authors: Ramírez Sabag Jetzabeth , López Falcón Dennys Armando
Published: June 2021

ResumenLas soluciones de la Ecuación de Advección-Dispersión son usadas frecuentemente para describir el transporte de solutos a través de medios porosos, considerando adsorción en equilibrio, de tipo lineal y reversible. Para indicar algunas sugerencias acerca de este tema, se hizo una revisión de las soluciones analíticas disponibles. Hay soluciones para Problemas con Condiciones de Frontera, de primer y tercer-tipo en la entrada así como de primer y segundo-tipo a la salida. Se analiza el comportamiento de las soluciones equivalentes, para sistemas finitos y semi-infinitos, observando que las soluciones de los sistemas semi-infinitos se aproximan a las correspondientes de los sistemas finitos conforme la condición de frontera de salida en el infinito se aproxima a la ubicación de medición del sistema finito. Solamente se presentan las soluciones analíticas con condiciones de frontera de segundo-tipo a la salida, ya que son iguales a las correspondientes soluciones analíticas con frontera de primer-tipo a la salida, para ambos tipos de condiciones de frontera de entrada usadas. Un análisis paramétrico, basado en el número de Peclet, muestra que todas las soluciones convergen cuando el número de Peclet es mayor que veinte. Los sistemas investigados deben tener un número de Peclet mayor que cinco para usar con confianza las soluciones de la Ecuación de Advección-Dispersión para describir el transporte de soluto en medios porosos.Palabras Clave: Ecuación de Advección-Difusión, Soluciones Analíticas, Transporte de Solutos Reactivos, Medios Porosos.AbstractThe solutions of Advection-Dispersion Equation are frequently used to describe solute transport through porous media when considering lineal and reversible equilibrium adsorption. To notice some warnings about this item, a review of analytical solutions available was done. There are solutions for Boundary Value Problems with first and third-type inlet boundary conditions as well as first and second-type outlet boundary condition. The behavior of equivalent solutions for finite and semi-infinite systems are analyzed, observing that semi-infinite system solutions approximates to the corresponding finite ones as the “infinite” outlet boundary condition approach to the finite measurement location. Because the analytical solutions with a first-type outlet boundary condition are equal to the corresponding analytical solutions with a second-type one, for both inlet boundary condition type used, only the latter is presented. A parametric analysis based on Peclet number shows that all solutions converge for Peclet number greater than twenty. Systems under research must have Peclet number greater than five to use confidently the solutions of Advection-Dispersion Equation to describe reactive solute transport through porous media.Keywords: Advection-Diffusion Equation, Analytical solutions, Reactive Solute Transport, Porous Media.
What the future holds for regenerative endodontics: novel antimicrobials and regenerative strategies
Authors: Matoug-Elwerfelli M , Nazzal H , Duggal M , El-Gendy R
Published: June 2021

Regenerative/revitalisation endodontic techniques are increasingly used as a treatment approach for the management of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps. Different chemical irrigants and medicaments are routinely used clinically for intra-canal disinfection. However, despite remarkable progress in this field, coronal discolouration, cell cytotoxicity, difficulty of removal of organic biofilm from the root canal, development of sensitisation and antimicrobial resistance are still challenges to this line of treatment. This review critically discusses and challenges the current status quo of antimicrobials used in regenerative endodontics and sheds the light on future alternative antimicrobial materials with regenerative potential.
Study to Assess the Risk of Transmission of Microbial Organisms and their Resistance Pattern on Dresses and Stethoscopes of Health Care Workers
Authors: Nivedhitha E. , Duraivel M. , Kayalvili K.K. , Selvan S. Arul
Published: June 2021

The main objective of the study was to find out the contamination of different types of microbial organisms and their resistance pattern on the dresses and stethoscopes of the health care workers in order to evaluate the risk of transmission of microbial organisms and its consequences on safety of the patient and control of hospital acquired infections (HAIs). Swabs were taken from the dresses of 100 different healthcare workers from 4 different areas namely collar, pocket, sleeves and sides and 100 stethoscopes (diaphragm) were tested for bacteriological analysis using standard techniques. Then each health care worker were given a structured questionnaire and requested to fill the form which includes his or her speciality/unit, cadre, practice of hand hygiene, white-coat or uniform usage (Example: duration of usage, frequency of washing, type of washing etc). The collar and pockets were found to be the most contaminated areas. Gram-positive cocci such as Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CONS) were the important organisms isolated from the dresses and stethoscopes of health care workers followed by Gram-negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species. Among the microbial organisms, Staphylococcus aureus and CONS were resistant to the drugs like Co-trimoxazole and Penicillin-G. Organisms isolated from the dresses and stethoscopes of health care workers could be a source of infection to immunocompromised patients. Hence, frequent washing of the dresses and strict disinfectant practices of the stethoscopes will minimize the contamination with microbial organisms and the patient safety is improved in the hospital environment.
Russian students about learning under the covid-19 pandemic: Resources, opportunities and assessment of the distance learning
Authors: Aleshkovski I. A. , Gasparishvili A. T. , Krukhmaleva O. V. , Narbut N. P. , Savina N. E.
Published: June 2021

The covid-19 pandemic has made the whole world face specific challenges that required urgent decisions on how to organize the work of social institutions, including education, in this new reality. Since March 2020, national education systems all over the world have been adapting their activities to the quarantine measures and have been switching to distance learning. In varying degrees, these changes affected all levels of education - from preschool to higher and postgraduate education. However, the tasks to be solved differed by the level of education. The article presents the results of the comparative analysis of the activities of the Russian higher-educational institutions based on their students estimates - during the forced distance learning in the spring of 2020 and during the planned switch to such a format in the fall of 2020. The article is based on the surveys of the Russian students conducted in June 2020 (N=31423) and February 2021 (N=32358). The study was conducted to test the hypotheses that negative estimates of distance learning and rejection of such a format by many students in the spring of 2020 changed in the fall of 2020. The results of two surveys show that Russian universities have passed through the stage of digital transformation which affected both the resources for organizing the educational process and the competences of the teaching staff. The experience of work in the difficult and unpredictable conditions of the pandemic changed the public opinion from the negative perception of distance learning to understanding and accepting its positive features for the education system and its actors. The introduction of digital technologies is an objective and inevitable process in the development of the educational sphere and the country.
Domestic sexual child abuse: Social and social-cultural aspects
Authors: Puzanova Zh. V. , Filippov V. M. , Simonova M. A. , Larina T. I.
Published: June 2021

The ratification of the Lanzarote Convention by Russia in 2013 entails several issues that cannot be resolved without the help of social-humanitarian sciences. Information from sociology, psychology, and jurisprudence has been used to create a concept for the empirical study of the domestic violence against children - to improve the implementation of the Convention in Russia. The concept considers two aspects of the problem - social and social-cultural. The article presents the Russian experience of how the provisions of the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse are implemented. The authors analyze statistical data on the number of families in which a sexually abused child is brought up; the number of abortions and childbirths by minors; the number of minors in educational colonies; the work of the childrens helpline; the number of mediation services; the number of social service organizations for families and children; the number of professionals working with children in programs aimed at preventing and protecting children from sexual exploitation and abuse; the number of organizations providing psychological-pedagogical and medical-social assistance; the number of specialized multifunctional centers providing assistance to families and child victims of sexual abuse; the number of specialized green rooms for investigating crimes related to minors; the number of specialists accompanying minors who have come into conflict with the law at all stages of the investigation and court proceedings; the number of professionals trained under the Child Sexual Violence Protection Program and now assisting families and child victims of violence. The article will be useful for readers who study the implementation of the Lanzarote Convention and the issues of child sexual abuse and domestic violence.
Artificial sociality in the human-machine interaction
Authors: Komarova V. , Lonska J. , Tumalavičius V. , Krasko A.
Published: June 2021

The article aims at clarifying the concept artificial sociality in the human-machine interaction by answering the question whether artificial sociality is a prerequisite or a result of this interaction. The authors conducted a logical analysis of the definitions of sociality and artificial sociality as presented in the scientific literature, and conducted an empirical study of artificial sociality in the human-machine interaction with three methods - comparison of means, correlation analysis and discriminant analysis. All three methods were used in the analysis of the same data: indicators of the potential of the human-machine interaction and G. Hofstedes six cultural dimensions. With these measurements of culture, the authors interpreted empirically the degree of its artificiality (based on the methodological assumption about the combination of natural and artificial in culture) which determines the development of artificial sociality. Based on the results of the application of three methods of statistical analysis, the authors conclude that in the contemporary world, there are both conditionally artificial cultures that are the most favourable for the development of artificial (algorithmic) sociality and conditionally natural cultures that hinder the development of artificial sociality. This type of sociality emerged under the development of writing and various methods of processing and storing information (catalogues, archives, etc.), i.e., long before the creation of machines. Artificial sociality is determined by the relative artificiality of culture, and is a prerequisite rather than a result of the human-machine interaction.
“Semantic Primitives”, fifty years later
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna
Published: June 2021

Are there any concepts that all human beings share? Three hundred years ago Leibniz was convinced that there are indeed such concepts and that they can be identified by trial and error. He called this hypothetical set the alphabet of human thoughts. Gradually, however, the idea faded from philosophical discourse and eventually it was largely forgotten. It was revived in the early 1960s by the Polish linguist Andrzej Bogusławski. A few years later it was taken up in my own work and in 1972 in my book Semantic Primitives a first hypothetical set of universal semantic primitives was actually proposed. It included 14 elements. Following my emigration to Australia more and more linguists joined the testing of the proposed set against an increasing range of languages and domains. As a result, from mid 1980s the set steadily grew. The expansion stopped in 2014, when the number stabilised at 65, and when Cliff Goddard and I reached the conclusion that this is the full set. This paper reviews the developments which have taken place over the last 50 years. It reaffirms our belief that we have identified, in full, the shared alphabet of human thoughts. It also examines the recurring claim that one of these primes, HAVE PARTS, is not universal. Further, the paper argues that there is not only a shared alphabet of human thoughts but a shared mental language, Basic Human, with a specifiable vocabulary and grammar. It points out that the stakes are high, because what is at issue is not only the psychic unity of humankind (Boas 1911) but also the possibility of a universal human community of communication (Apel 1972). The paper contends that Basic Human can provide a secure basis for a non-Anglocentric global discourse about questions that concern us all, such as global ethics, the earth and its future, and the health and well-being of all people on earth.
A cross-cultural study of condolence strategies in a computer-mediated social network
Authors: Alemi Minoo , Pazoki Moakhar Niayesh , Rezanejad Atefeh
Published: June 2021

Among the various speech acts, an under-investigated one is condolence speech act. The present study sought to investigate the verbal strategies of expressing condolence used by (1) Iranian native speakers of Persian, (2) Iranian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners, and (3) American native speakers of English. Accordingly, a total of 200, 42, and 50 responses were collected respectively from the informants who responded to an obituary post followed by a picture consisting of a situation related to the news of a celebritys death on Instagram (In the case of Iranians: Morteza Pashaii , a famous singer in the case of Americans: B. B. King , an American singer-songwriter). After creating a pool of responses to the death announcements and through careful content analysis, the utterances by native Persian speakers, EFL learners, and native English speakers were coded into seven, nine, and seven categories, with expression of affection ( n = 109, 46.38%), wishes for the deceased ( n = 34, 59.64%), and wishes for the deceased ( n = 32, 23.70%) being the most prevalent ones, correspondingly. Moreover, tests of Chi-square revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among the three groups. The results showed that there were significant differences among the participants in terms of using condolence strategies in Expression of affection (love and grief), Wishes for the deceased, Expression of shock, use of address terms, expression of gratitude, Offering condolences, expression of happiness for his peaceful death, and Seeking absolution from God categories, with Expression of affection being the most prevalent one among Iranian Persian speakers. The findings have pedagogical implications for EFL teachers as wells as textbook and course designers.
The changing face of contemporary translation studies through polydisciplinary lenses: Possibilities and caveats
Authors: Bednárová-Gibová Klaudia
Published: June 2021

This paper offers a meta-reflection of contemporary translation studies (TS) through tracing its polydisciplinary tensions which are approached as both formative forces as well as hindrances. Taking a form of an argumentative essay employing the methods of a reflexive introspection, synthesis and evaluation, the principal aim is to address the potentials and controversies in present-day TS which are connected to its polydisciplinarity. This is a result from the aftermath of Snell-Hornbys integrated approach (1988/1995), TSs cultural and ideological turns as well as cognitive, sociological, anthropological, technological and economic twists. Four major strands of the consequences of the polydisciplinarity in TS are addressed: (a) the clash between the focus on the epistemological core of TS as an antidote to the expanding boundaries of the meta-discipline and embrace of reciprocal interdisciplinarity; (b) the tension between academia as Ivory Tower and practice-minded language industry; (c) the diffusion of the outer boundaries of TS and erasure of its inner boundaries; (d) a multitude of different conceptualizations of TS foregrounding either the abstract or practical. Following TSs inward orientations, two outward turns are suggested, i.e. promoting its relevance to other disciplines and reaching out to translation practice, in tune with Zwischenbergers approach (2019). A continuation of the outward turns may be seen in Gentzlers post-translation studies focusing on the study of pre-translation culture and after-effects of translation in the target culture. Although the paper does not tend to conceptual extremes, it suggests that authentic transdisciplinary TS should be mindful of a constructive and mutually enriching dialogue with donor disciplines and interlacement between theory and practice, with a focus on real-world issues, becomes imperative in order to make TS viable.
Teaching languages in multicultural surroundings: New tendencies
Authors: Yelenevskaya Maria , Protassova Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to help language teachers at all levels of education to understand in depth problems posed by linguistic superdiversity. Based on the study of scholarly literature, documents of educational bodies and the authors experience in language teaching in different countries, the article answers the question of how the teaching of world languages such as English and Russian is changing due to the recognition that their functions and status differ in various countries. We explore why, despite gradual changes in curricula, there is still pervasiveness of pedagogies attempting to achieve a perfect command of the studied languages, without considering students needs and language repertoires, the local sociolinguistic situation and labor market requirements. We focus on methods of teaching English and Russian, taking into account various aspects of language ideologies related to mono- and pluricentricity. To show the dependence of language teaching on the socio-cultural situation, we apply the concept of Critical Language Awareness covering aspects of language variation and changes in attitudes to normativity, prescriptivism and regional language varieties. We also show that innovative pedagogies put new demands on teachers requiring that they have to adjust to new teaching formats, acquire skills of using educational technologies and teaching diverse student populations. The focus of the review on teaching English and Russian proves that despite different histories of their pedagogies, the interplay of language, ethnicity, identity, culture and education systems is significant for both, and without taking all these elements into account, the goal of educating effective multilinguals is elusive.
Review of Breeze, Ruth and Carmen Llamas Saíz (eds.). 2020. Metaphor in political conflict. Populism and discourse. Navarra: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra (EUNSA). ISBN 978-84-313-3467-3
Authors: Maíz-Arévalo Carmen
Published: June 2021

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The European hedge funds industry: An empirical analysis of performance, liquidity, and growth
Authors: Ben Khelifa Soumaya
Published: June 2021

While the performance of hedge funds has grabbed much attention from researchers, a few studies have been conducted on the drivers of hedge fund liquidity and performance (Shaub & Schmid, 2013). This study proposes new approaches to investigate the effect of share restrictions on European hedge fund performance and liquidity. We run different regressions of 1) returns, 2) flows, and 3) exposure to market liquidity risk on share restrictions, managerial incentives, and a set of control variables as independent variables. Using a sample of 1423 European hedge funds, our results suggest that restrictions imposed by European hedge funds add economic value to investors. Furthermore, we find that European hedge funds with strong share restrictions take on lower liquidity risk. There is a weak difference in liquidity risk exposure across directional European hedge funds with and without share restrictions. In addition, European hedge funds’ experience, large outflows during a crisis, and all share restrictions do not seem to be significantly related to funding flows in the crisis period, as well as in times of non-crisis. Finally, only the groups of young funds are associated with significant funds exposure to market liquidity risk
Percutaneous mitral valve repair assisted by a catheter-based circulatory support device in a heart transplant patient
Authors: Nersesian Gaik , Lewin Daniel , Schoenrath Felix , Solowjowa Natalia , Kukucka Marian , Falk Volkmar , Klein Christoph , Potapov Evgenij , Unbehaun Axel
Published: June 2021

Abstract Systemic infections and chronic graft rejection represent
common causes of mortality and morbidity in heart transplant patients.
In severe cases, cardiogenic shock (CS) may occur and require
hemodynamic stabilization with temporary mechanical circulatory support
(tempMCS).1 Under these devastating circumstances, treatment of sequelae
of left ventricular dysfunction, such as secondary mitral regurgitation
(MR) is challenging, especially when surgical repair is deemed futile.
In non-transplant patients, interventional mitral valve repair
strategies such as the MitraClip system (Abbott Cardiovascular,
Plymouth, MN, USA) have been used to successfully treat secondary MR and
allow for weaning from tempMCS.2 We report about the first patient in
whom profound cardiogenic shock after heart transplantation was
stabilized with tempMCS followed by interventional elimination of
secondary MR.
Risk of Recurrent Adverse Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lau Sue Lynn , Chung Alex , Kao Joanna , Hendon Susan , Hawke Wendy , Lau Sue Mei
Published: June 2021

Objective: Compare the risk of recurrent adverse delivery outcome (ADO)
or adverse neonatal outcome (ANO) between consecutive gestational
diabetes (GDM) pregnancies. Design: Retrospective cohort Setting:
Sydney, Australia Population or Sample: 424 pairs of consecutive
singleton GDM pregnancies, 2003-2015 Main Outcome Measures:. ADO:
instrumental delivery and emergency Caesarean. ANO: large for
gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age (SGA), and composite
ANO (LGA/SGA/stillbirth/neonatal death/shoulder dystocia). Methods:
Using each pregnancy pair (“index” and “subsequent” pregnancy), we
calculated ADO and ANO rates and determined risk factors for subsequent
pregnancy outcomes (multivariate regression). Results: Subsequent
pregnancies had higher rates of elective Caesarean (30.4% vs 17.0%,
p<0.001) and lower rates of instrumental delivery (5% vs
13.9%, p<0.001), emergency Caesarean (7.1% vs 16.3%,
p<0.001) and vaginal delivery (62.3% vs 66.3%, p=0.01). ANO
rates in index and subsequent pregnancies did not differ. Index
pregnancy adverse outcome was associated with a higher risk of repeat
outcome: RR 3.09 (95%CI:1.30, 7.34) for instrumental delivery, RR 2.20
(95%CI:1.06, 4.61) for emergency Caesarean, RR 4.55 (95%CI:3.03, 6.82)
for LGA, RR 5.01 (95%CI:2.73, 9.22) for SGA and RR 2.10 (95%CI:1.53,
2.87) for composite ANO). The greatest risk factor for subsequent LGA
(RR 3.13 (95%CI:2.20, 4.47)), SGA (RR 4.71 (95%CI:2.66, 8.36)) or
composite ANO (RR 2.01 (95%CI:1.46, 2.78)) was having the same outcome
in the index pregnancy. Conclusions: Women with GDM and an adverse
outcome are at very high risk of the same complication in their
subsequent GDM pregnancy, representing a high-risk group that should be
targeted for directed management over routine care.
Pharmacokinetics of KA2237, a novel selective inhibitor of PI3K-β and PI3K-δ, in patients: A first-in-human study using PK modelling to predict drug concentrations during dose escalation
Authors: Dow James , Trevitt Graham , Bone Elisabeth , Haque Kemal , Nastoupil Loretta
Published: June 2021

Aims: KA2237, an oral, potent and selective, inhibitor of the PI3K β and
δ isoforms, was evaluated for safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics
(PK) in patients with B-cell lymphoma. KA2237 is metabolised by CYP3A4/5
but also demonstrated mechanism-based inhibition (MBI) of CYP3A4/5. An
MBI mechanistic dynamic model was used to predict drug accumulation
after repeat dosing of KA2237. This model, along with clinical safety
data, was used to guide safe dose escalation. Methods: An open-label,
single arm, dose escalation study was carried out in patients, dosed
orally with KA2237 at 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg once daily. Complete
plasma profiles were obtained on Day 1 and Day 14 of dosing and pre-dose
(Cmin) samples were obtained on Days 2-7. The MBI model was validated
and used to calculate drug levels and predict potential drug
accumulation during dose escalation. Results: KA2237 elimination
half-life was around 20-30 h, compatible with once daily dosing
regimens. The accumulation of KA2237 was around 4-fold after the highest
dose of 400 mg and around 3-fold after administration of 200 mg, which
is considered the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The MBI model accurately
predicted this accumulation. Conclusions: Drugs that demonstrate MBI and
potential auto-inhibition can be successfully developed, provided that
models are developed to assess the extent of accumulation prior to the
start of FIH clinical studies. This, along with the close monitoring of
drug levels and clinical safety data can be used to guide dose
escalation and lead to the safe conduct of clinical studies.
Annotating and prioritising genomic variants using the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor - a tutorial
Authors: Hunt Sarah , Moore Benjamin , Amode M. , Armean Irina , Lemos Diana , Mushtaq Aleena , Parton Andrew , Schuilenburg Helen , Szpak Michał , Thormann Anja , Perry Emily , Trevanion Stephen , Flicek Paul , Cunningham Fiona , Yates Andrew
Published: June 2021

The Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) is a freely available, open
source tool for the annotation and filtering of genomic variants. It
predicts variant molecular consequence using the Ensembl/GENCODE or
RefSeq gene sets. It also reports phenotype associations from databases
such as ClinVar, allele frequencies from studies including gnomAD, and
predictions of deleteriousness from tools such as SIFT and CADD. Ensembl
VEP includes filtering options to customise variant prioritisation. It
is well supported and updated roughly quarterly to incorporate the
latest gene, variant and phenotype association information. Ensembl VEP
analysis can be performed using a highly configurable, extensible
command-line tool, a Representational State Transfer (REST) application
programming interface (API) and a user-friendly web interface. These
access methods are designed to suit different levels of bioinformatics
experience and meet different needs in terms of data size, visualisation
and flexibility. In this tutorial, we will describe performing variant
annotation using the Ensembl VEP web tool, which enables sophisticated
analysis through a simple interface.
A single centre, double arm, triple-blind randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of combined letrozole and clomiphene versus the only letrozole as a method of ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Authors: Panda Soumya , V Sharmila , Kalidoss Vinoth , Hota Smrutismita
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of combined therapy of letrozole and
CC compared to the use of letrozole alone to achieve ovulation in
infertile women with PCOS. Design: This was a single-centre, double arm,
triple-blind randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted after
taking approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and was
prospectively registered with the clinical trials registry- India.
Setting: Women were randomly assigned to receive a combination of 2.5 mg
letrozole and placebo daily or a combination of 2.5 mg letrozole and 50
mg CC daily on cycle days 3–7 for one treatment cycle. Methods: 80
participants were enrolled and randomized to either the letrozole-only
group (n=40) or the combined letrozole and CC group(n=40). Main outcome
measures: The primary outcome measure was documentation of ovulation,
confirmed by TVS 48 hours later with or without serum progesterone
estimation.Results: In comparison, both Intention to treat (ITT) and
per-protocol (PP) analysis showed a statistically significant increase
in ovulation rate in the arm treated with combined letrozole and CC.
Conclusion: Combination therapy with letrozole and clomipheneshould be
considered as a first-line ovulation induction agent for infertile
patients with PCOS owing to its low cost and better tolerability.
Additional well designed clinical trials are required to determine the
efficacy of the combination of letrozole and CC in terms of clinical
pregnancy rates and live birth rates. Funding: There is no funding
agency for this study. Keywords: Clomiphene, Letrozole, Polycystic
ovarian syndrome, ovulation induction
1018-P: Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: The Impact of Diabetic Nephropathy and Severe Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: HARJUTSALO VALMA , KALLIO MILLA , FORSBLOM CAROL , GROOP PER-HENRIK ,   GROUP THE FINNDIANE STUDY
Published: June 2021

The aim was to explore the prevalence and incidence of chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to assess risk factors, especially the independent and joint association of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and severe diabetic retinopathy (SDR). The study population comprised 4,694 individuals with T1D from the nationwide Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane). CLTI events were ascertained from medical records. There were 319 events of CLTI; 102 at baseline visit and 217 during follow-up of 11.9 (IQR 9.3-13.8) years. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) increased the risk of CLTI 12.3-fold (95% CI 5.2-28.9) compared to normoalbuminuria at baseline. Odds ratio (OR) for micro- and macroalbuminuria was 1.2 (0.4-3.6) and 2.9 (1.2-7.1), respectively. SDR increased the risk with an OR of 3.4 (1.4-8.6). Other risk factors were age, duration of diabetes, lower HDL cholesterol and estimated glucose disposal rate. The 15-year cumulative incidence of CLTI was 5.8% (5.0-6.5). Risk factors included DN, SDR, age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, SBP, triglycerides and smoking. Hazard ratios (HRs) by combinations of DN status and with (+) or without (-) SDR were 4.1 (1.6-10.1) for normo/SDR+, 3.5 (1.3-9.6) for micro/SDR-, 10.4 (4.8-22.6) for micro/SDR+, 8.2 (3.2-21.2) for macro/SDR-, 14.3 (6.8-30.2) for macro/SDR+ and 32.6 (15.1-70.4) for ESRD compared to normo/SDR-. The 15-year risk of coronary artery disease and stroke after the diagnosis of CLTI was 48.1% (41.0-55.0) and 24.4% (19.1-30.1), respectively. Median survival time after CLTI was 5.7 (4.3-7.1) years.

In conclusion, there was a graded association between the combined effect of DN and SDR on the risk of CLTI, especially strong in individuals with ESRD. Early interventions to prevent severe forms of DN and diabetic retinopathy may help to decrease the risk of CLTI in individuals with T1D. In such individuals early detection and treatment of foot ulcers is mandatory.

Disclosure

V. Harjutsalo: None. M. Kallio: None. C. Forsblom: None. P. Groop: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Mundipharma International. The finndiane study group: n/a.

Funding

Folkhälsan Research Foundation Academy of Finland (299200, 316664); Wilhelm and Else Stockmann Foundation; Liv och Hälsa Society; Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF OC0013659); Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research; Diabetes Research Foundation
1021-P: Mortality and Length of Hospitalisation amongst Diabetic and Nondiabetic COVID-19 Critical Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: SINHA AJAY K. , PANDEY DIVYANSHU , MADHUKAR MAJOR , TOPNO ROSHAN K. , KUMAR RISHIKESH , SINHA SANJAY K.
Published: June 2021

Aim: To determine the rate of mortality in critically ill COVID-19 positive diabetic patients and association with mortality and length of hospitalization.

Methods: Retrospective Cohort Study done at Nalanda Medical College and Hospital in 670 patients. Critically ill COVID-19 positive (RT-PCR proven) (>= 18yrs), either gender, attending MICU, NMCH Patna included in the study.

Results: The mortality rate of patients was 31% where as patients aged above 40 yrs were having significantly higher odds [OR(95% CL)=5.64 (1.56-20.43)] of mortality Increasing age by 10 years showed significantly higher odds [OR(95%CL)= 1.55 (1.15-2.07)] of mortality. An Insignificant association was found between diabetes and mortality in patients. The length of hospitalization in diabetic patients was higher [median =10(6,16)] than non- diabetic patients [median=7(2,12)] (p=0.036). The mean age of patients in MICU, NMCH was 51 years with 71 % patients aged more than 40 yrs. The patients had a male predominance 31 % patients were Diabetic. 106 patients were diagnosed as T2DM patients after their MICU admission. 29 % patients were Hypertensive and 23 % patients had both T2DM and HTN, 74 % patients had shortness of breath as C/F whereas only 58% patients had fever, RBS level on admission had no significant association [OR(95%CL)=0.882(0.730-1.067)] with mortality Glycemic variability had no significant association [OR(95%CL)=1.000(0.925-1.082)] with duration of hospitalization. A statistically significant association was seen between T2DM and HTN (p=0.01) in COVID-19 patients. A significant (p=0.008) proportion (90.3%) of diabetic patients were aged above 40 years as compared to nondiabetic patients.

Conclusion: COVID-19 patients attending NMCH patna have male preponderance. With increasing age, mortality increases in COVID-19 critically ill patients. Diabetes does not increase mortality in COVID-19 patients but increases the length Of hospitalization.

Disclosure

A. K. Sinha: None. D. Pandey: None. M. Madhukar: None. R. K. Topno: None. R. Kumar: None. S. K. Sinha: None.