bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between hospital type and length of stay and readmissions for young adults with complex chronic diseases
Authors: Lutmer Jeffrey , Bucholz Emily , Auger Katherine A. , Hall Matt , Mitchell Harris J. , Jenkins Ashley , Morse Rustin , Neuman Mark I. , Peltz Alon , Simon Harold K. , Teufel Ronald J.
Published: October 2024

Background

There is a paucity of information around whether hospital length of stay and readmission rates differ based upon hospital type for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with complex chronic diseases (CCDs).

Objective

To measure the association between hospital type and readmission rates and index admission LOS among AYA with CCDs.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional study of 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases, including patients 12–25 years old with cystic fibrosis (CF), sickle cell disease (SCD), spina bifida (SB), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Index hospitalizations were categorized by hospital type (pediatric hospitals [PHs], adult hospitals with pediatric services [AHPSs], and adult hospitals without pediatric services [AHs]), CCD, and age group. We compared case‐mix adjusted 30‐day readmission rates and differences in index admission LOS between hospital types.

Results

Adult hospitals without pediatric services exhibited higher readmission rates (25.4%) than AHPS (22.9%) and PH (15.1%). Compared to patients with CF admitted to AH, lower readmission rates were associated with longer LOS at both AHPS (relative ratio [RR]: 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.55) and PH (RR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28–1.97). Patients with DM admitted to AHPS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.91) and PH (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31–0.71) also demonstrated lower readmission rates than those admitted to AH.

Conclusions

For AYA with CCD, hospital type is associated with differences in readmission rates and LOS. Lower readmission rates at hospitals with pediatric services compared to adult hospitals without pediatric services suggest hospital type has a significant impact on outcomes.
Gastrointestinal ultrasound in the critically ill: A narrative review and a proposal for a protocol
Authors: Mihnovits Vladislav , Reintam Blaser Annika , Gualdi Thomas , Forbes Alastair , Piton Gael
Published: October 2024

Critically ill patients are at risk of presenting with gastrointestinal dysfunction at intensive care unit admission or during their stay. However, identifying gastrointestinal dysfunction is difficult because clinical evaluation is frequently nonspecific and validated biomarkers are lacking. In this context, ultrasound of the digestive tract may help to identify gastrointestinal dysfunction. In this narrative review, we summarize available evidence and propose a protocol for assessment of the gastrointestinal tract with ultrasound. First, we report available evidence from use of four available protocols: the gastrointestinal and urinary tract sonography protocol, the acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasound score, the transabdominal gastrointestinal ultrasound protocol, and the Lai protocol, each addressing somewhat different aspects. Outputs from these protocols have been associated with clinical scores of gastrointestinal failure, feeding intolerance, and 28‐day mortality. Second, we describe the potential pitfalls of using ultrasound in the critically ill, such as obesity, abdominal dressings, or the presence of intraluminal gas. Third, we suggest perspectives of ultrasound in monitoring the response to enteral nutrition and for early identification of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. Fourth, we propose a structured protocol for gastrointestinal ultrasound describing all the different structures that should be evaluated and provide detailed guidance for a clockwise abdominal examination. In conclusion, the use of a specific and structured protocol might help to identify patients presenting with gastrointestinal dysfunction, guide nutrition, and allow the proposal of pathophysiological hypotheses (complications of enteral nutrition, intra‐abdominal infection, bowel ischemia, etc.). The benefit of using a structured protocol requires further investigation.
Three hundred sixty‐degree viewable linear grooves 3D display
Authors: Kawakami Akua , Okuyama Daisuke , Mizushina Haruki , Suyama Shiro , Yamamoto Kenji
Published: October 2024

We proposed a linear grooves 3D display that can display 360° viewable 3D images by creating linear grooves that correspond to the viewpoint positions. In the conventional method, arc‐shaped grooves are drawn on a flat substrate of transparent film. However, depending on the viewing position, the image may be distorted. In addition, when a flat substrate is bent into a curved shape, the image is more affected than one observed in a flat shape. Furthermore, the conventional method of arc 3D display method cannot display a 3D image that corresponds to the viewpoint position. In this paper, we propose design and fabrication methods that reduce the image distortion for both flat and curved shapes. A 3D image displayed by the proposed method can change depending on the viewpoint position, and a natural 3D image with motion parallax can be observed. In the experiment, our proposed method fabricated a 360° 3D display by calculating the linear grooves and presented natural 3D images with smooth motion parallax.
Surgical Management of Buckled Thyroid Cartilage in the Setting of Dysphonia
Authors: Ring Sydney , Knewitz Allison , Bowen Andrew J. , Francis David O.
Published: October 2024

Buckled thyroid cartilage is a rare, but documented structural anomaly that has been found in patients who suffer from dysphonia. Outside of a known trauma, the origin of the anomaly is unknown. We present a case study of a patient who suffered from significant cartilage buckling, and associated hoarseness. While there is a single case of surgical correction documented, we present a description of a surgical approach with detailed photo documentation. With promising outcomes, this case report highlights a novel and effective approach to addressing dysphonia in the setting of buckled thyroid cartilage. Laryngoscope, 135:833–835, 2025
Impact of Sinus CT Severity Score on the Outcomes of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Eosinophilic CRSwNP
Authors: Chen Fenghong , Liu Yang , Guo Yuanyuan , Wang Kanghua , Chen Chuxin , Liu Wendong , Fan Yunping , Shi Jianbo , Nie Zhiying
Published: October 2024

Background

Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eos‐CRSwNP), especially those with diffuse disease as indicated by CT scans, has high recurrence rate and low control rate after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Most of them are difficult to treat.

Objective

This study sought to identify if eos‐CRSwNP patients were to undergo surgery earlier, while the disease is still limited on CT, they might achieve better postoperative outcomes.

Methods

This study enrolled eos‐CRSwNP patients with different degree of sinus involvement who underwent primary ESS and compared the surgical outcomes of the patients exhibiting mild sinus involvement with those displaying severe sinus involvement. The demographic data, preoperative disease severity, and surgery outcomes at 1 year postoperatively were collected. CRS control status was the primary endpoint to evaluate the outcomes.

Results

This study included 118 patients with at least one‐year follow‐up. The overall uncontrolled rate was 33.1% at 1 year postoperatively. The best cut‐off value for CT Lund–Mackay (L‐M) score was 13 to predict the uncontrolled status (AUC = 0.67). Then, patients were divided into the mild group (L‐M < 13, n = 70) and the severe group (L‐M ≥ 13, n = 48) according to L‐M score. The follow‐up data indicated that 24.3% of patients (17/70) in the mild group and 45.8% of patients (22/48) in the severe group were uncontrolled (p = 0.015). Postoperative endoscopic score in the mild group was significantly better than those in the severe group (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

ESS performed on eos‐CRSwNP patients with mild sinus involvement have better postoperative outcomes at 1 year than patients with severe sinus involvement.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:1021–1028, 2025
Alterations in the axon initial segment plasticity is involved in early pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Han , Wang Yiming , Chen Zhiya , Liu Yiqiong , Tian Wu , Kang Xinrui , Pashang Abolghasem , Kulasiri Don , Yang Xiaoli , Li Hung Wing , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the early presence of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau. Identifying the neuropathological changes preceding cognitive decline is crucial for early intervention. Axon initial segment (AIS) maintains the orderly structure of the axon and is responsible for initiating action potentials (APs). To investigate the role of AIS in early stages of AD pathogenesis, we focused on alterations in the AIS of neurons from APP/PS1 mouse models harboring familial AD mutations. AIS length and electrophysiological properties were assessed in neurons using immunostaining and patch‐clamp techniques. The expression and function of ankyrin G (AnkG) isoforms were evaluated by western blot and rescue experiments. We observed a significant shortening of AIS in APP/PS1 mice, which correlated with impaired action potential propagation. Furthermore, a decrease in the 480 kDa isoform of AnkG was observed. Rescue of this isoform restored AIS plasticity and improved long‐term potentiation in APP/PS1 neurons. Our study implicates AIS plasticity alterations and AnkG dysregulation as early events in AD. The restoration of AIS integrity by the 480 kDa AnkG isoform presents a potential therapeutic strategy for AD, underscoring the importance of targeting AIS stability in neurodegenerative diseases.
Mathematical modeling of containing the spread of heroin addiction via awareness program
Authors: Djilali Salih , Loumi Amine , Bentout Soufiane , Sarmad Ghilmana , Tridane Abdessamad
Published: October 2024

As many countries are hit by the social economic impact of heroin addiction, there is an urgent need to have an effective awareness program that focuses on educating the population on the danger of heroin addiction and helping the heroin‐users quit. This paper aims to study the effect of the awareness program on the spread of heroin dependence using a mathematical model with distributed delay. First, we show the existence threshold parameter
, which we call the basic reproduction number of the spread of heroin use. We prove, via the Lyapunov direct method, that the drug‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if
. If
, the drug dependence persists, and the drug equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. We give three possible scenarios to find the optimal awareness program strategy that puts the heroin epidemic under control. These scenarios take into consideration the reachability of the population, the immunity against heroin addiction, and the effectiveness of the program to contain the use of heroin in the population and bring
below one.
The Orexin OX2 Receptor‐Dependent Pathway Is Implicated in the Development of Overactive Bladder and Depression in Rats Exposed to Corticosterone
Authors: Serefko Anna , Wróbel Jan , Szopa Aleksandra , Dobrowolski Piotr , Kluz Tomasz , Wdowiak Artur , Bojar Iwona , Poleszak Ewa , Romejko‐Wolniewicz Ewa , Derlatka Paweł , Grabowska‐Derlatka Laretta , Kacperczyk‐Bartnik Joanna , Gieleta Andrea Weronika , Bartnik Paweł , Jakimiuk Artur , Misiek Marcin , Wróbel Andrzej
Published: October 2024

Aim

In the present study, we wanted to check whether TCS OX2 29 (TCS), a potent selective antagonist of OX2 receptors, would have positive effects in an animal model of detrusor overactivity co‐existed with the depression‐like state in Wistar male rats.

Methods

The forced swim test with the measurement of spontaneous locomotor activity, conscious cystometry, determination of c‐Fos expression in central micturition areas, and a set of biochemical analyses (with the use of urine, hippocampus, bladder urothelium, and detrusor muscle of tested animals) were carried out.

Results

The outcomes showed that a 7‐day administration of TCS (3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) normalizes the cystometric parameters corresponding to overactivity of the detrusor and reverses the pro‐depressive response. Furthermore, the antagonism of OX2 receptors restored the abnormal levels of overactive bladder markers (i.e., ATP, CGRP, OCT3, TRPV1, ROCK1, and VAChT), diminished neuronal overactivity in central micturition areas (i.e., pontine micturition center, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, and medial preoptic area) as well as restored the altered hippocampal levels of CRF, cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α), and growth factors (BDNF and NGF) that reflected biochemical disturbances detected in depressed people.

Conclusions

It seems that our findings open new perspectives regarding the implication of the orexin system in the functioning of the urinary bladder and in the pathophysiology of depression.
Relationships between organizational support, emotional intelligence and work engagement among Chinese nurses: A correlation study
Authors: Gao Xing , Zhou Yanli , Xu Xiao , Yuan Ran , Zheng Yanxue , Yun Ren
Published: October 2024

Aim

To investigate and analyse the current situation of clinical nurses' sense of organisational support, emotional intelligence and work engagement in different departments and their correlation, in order to provide guidance for enhancing the sense of organisational support, improving nurses' emotional intelligence and mobilising nurses' work engagement and to promote the development of nursing teams.

Methods

Clinical nurses from three hospitals in eastern and western China were selected by convenience sampling method from September to October 2023 and were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, organisational support questionnaire, emotional intelligence scale and work engagement scale. We investigated the correlation between nurses' sense of organisational support, emotional intelligence and work engagement in clinical units.

Results

The clinical nurses investigated in this study had moderate levels of perceived organisational support and emotional intelligence and high levels of work engagement. The total score of the nurses' sense of organisational support questionnaire was positively correlated with the total score of the emotional intelligence scale, the total score of the work engagement scale and the scores of all dimensions (all p < 0.05). Emotional intelligence played a partial mediating effect in the effect of nurses' organisational support on work engagement, accounting for 35.57% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Clinical nurses' sense of organisational support was positively correlated with emotional intelligence and work engagement; there was a chain mediating effect of clinical nurses' emotional intelligence between sense of organisational support and work engagement. Organisational support can enhance the emotional intelligence of caregivers as well as promote work engagement. It is suggested that nursing managers can enhance the level of nurses' engagement by giving effective organisational support and at the same time improving nurses' perception of psychological safety.
Image‐based backbone reconstruction for non‐slender soft robots
Authors: Schindler Leon , de Payrebrune Kristin M.
Published: October 2024

One advantage of soft robots to conventional robots is their continuous deformation, which makes them highly adaptable to their surroundings. To describe the kinematics of soft robots it is not sufficient to only know the position of the end‐effector. Instead, the steady state of a soft robot can be described by its backbone curvature. An image‐based backbone reconstruction method is used and adopted for a non‐slender soft robot to reconstruct the backbone curve using polynomials to describe an arc length‐dependent curvature. A constant curvature and cubic curvature polynomial have been tested to reconstruct the backbone curve. In the case of a pressurized soft robot without externally applied loads, the constant curvature polynomial can be used to reconstruct the backbone of the soft robot using an image‐based approach, yielding good agreement with the captured images. However, some care has to be put into the consideration of the soft robot geometry in this method, to guide the optimization procedure. From our findings, we can conclude that it is not necessary to apply markers to the soft robot to reconstruct the backbone, nor is it necessary to have a detailed geometric model of the soft robot to be used in a differential rendering process. An image‐based iterative‐closest‐point optimization method, with some carefully placed estimate points, to integrate the volumetric structure of the soft robot can yield good results for the reconstructed backbones.
Rationale for irradiation of persisting oligo‐skeletal metastases to improve survival of metastatic neuroblastoma patients with a poor response to chemotherapy: A retrospective study
Authors: Rossillon Lea , Edeline Véronique , Agrigoroaie Laurentiu , Pasqualini Claudia , Berlanga Pablo , Bolle Stephanie , Dufour Christelle , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique
Published: October 2024

Background

Persistent metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG)‐positive skeletal metastases post induction in high‐risk neuroblastoma correlate with a poor outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential rationale for a prospective randomized study evaluating the impact on event‐free survival of the irradiation of residual oligo‐skeletal metastases.

Procedure

Patients over 1 year with a stage M neuroblastoma treated between 2000 and 2020 at Gustave Roussy were identified. Patients with a positive mIBG scan at diagnosis and persistent skeletal metastases after high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) were included. Data were retrospectively collected and mIBG scans reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians.

Results

Persistent skeletal uptake after HDC was observed in 30/201 patients (15%). Four patients reached a complete response at the end of maintenance treatment and did not relapse (median follow‐up [FU] 8 years [1.8–11.8]), while two patients had progressive disease during maintenance. Among the 24 patients with persistent skeletal uptakes at the end of treatment, seven had a persistent response (median FU 8.2 years [4–15.6]). Median SIOPEN (International Society of Paediatric Oncology European Neuroblastoma) scores post consolidation and at the end of treatment were, respectively, 2 [1–6] and 2 [0–4] for patients with persistent responses compared to 4 [1–28] and 2 [1–17] for patients with progressive diseases. Median SIOPEN score at progression was 34 [2–56].

Conclusions

Our study underlines that only a minority of patients had persistent skeletal mIBG‐positive scans after HDC. Recurrence mainly occurred in disease sites present at diagnosis that cleared with chemotherapy. On‐therapy control of the disease is the main challenge. These results highlight the complexity of conducting a randomized study exploring this strategy.
Extrem neutronenreicher Sauerstoffkern
Authors: Aumann Thomas , Schwenk Achim
Published: October 2024

Einem internationalen Forschungsteam ist es gelungen, den neutronenreichsten Sauerstoff Kern 28O mit 20 Neutronen an der Forschungsanlage RIKEN in Japan zu erzeugen. Dies gibt entscheidende Einblicke in die starke Wechselwirkung unter den neutronenreichsten Bedingungen, die im Labor erreicht werden können. Diese wichtigen Tests der starken Wechselwirkung erlauben es, verlässliche Vorhersagen für neutronenreiche Materie in Neutronensternen zu entwickeln.
The BnaBPs gene regulates flowering time and leaf angle in Brassica napus
Authors: Yu Jiang , Xue Yi‐Xuan , Sarwar Rehman , Wei Shi‐Hao , Geng Rui , Zhang Yan‐Feng , Mu Jian‐Xin , Tan Xiao‐Li
Published: October 2024

The flowering time and plant architecture of Brassica napus were significantly associated with yield. In this study, we found that the BREVIPEDICELLUS/KNAT1(BP) gene regulated the flowering time and plant architecture of B. napus. However, the precise regulatory mechanism remains unclear. We cloned two homologous BP genes, BnaBPA03 and BnaBPC03, from B. napus Xiaoyun. The protein sequence analysis showed two proteins containing conserved domains KNOX I, KNOX II, ELK, and HOX of the KONX protein family. The CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines exhibited early budding and flowering time, coupled with floral organ abscission earlier and a larger leaf angle. On the contrary, overexpression plants displayed a phenotype that was the inverse of these characteristics. Furthermore, we observed upregulation of gibberellin and ethylene biosynthesis genes, as well as floral integrator genes in knocked‐out plants. The results revealed that BnaBPs play a role in flowering time, floral organ abscission, and leaf angle as well as germination processes mediated. Additionally, BnaBPs exerted an impact on the biosynthesis pathways of ethylene and GA.
The Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Insensitive Energetic Materials Based on 5‐(5‐Nitro‐1H‐1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐yl)‐1H‐Tetrazole
Authors: Lin Chenchen , Yi Pingping , Yi Xiaoyi , Wang Tingwei , Zhang Jianguo , He Piao
Published: October 2024

The design and synthesis of insensitive energetic materials are a necessary and challenging work. The synthesis of novel nitrogen‐rich salts based on 5‐(5‐Nitro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazole (H2NTT) has been presented. Structural characterization of these two salts was accomplished by utilizing NMR, MS, IR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The standard heats of formation were calculated, and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and sensitivity test were carried out. Their detonation performances were estimated by EXPLO 5 program. These newly synthesized salts showed highly positive heat of formation and low sensitivity. It is noteworthy that the diaminoguanidine salt b exhibited good detonation performance superior to traditional explosive TNT (Trinitrotoluene), making it a prospective candidate for insensitive energetic material.
Innovative Core–Shell Tubular Structure in Polymer/Manganese–Nickel Oxide/Carbon Nanotube Blends for Electrochemical Components
Authors: Fu Yue , Dong Yangyang , Zhang Xiangchao , Niu Haijun , Qin Chuanli , Jiang Xiankai
Published: October 2024

To address the issue of electrochemical performance degradation resulting from redox reactions during the charging and discharging of supercapacitors, we introduced a novel electrode material featuring a core–shell attachment structure (PANI@(MnO2 + NiO)) with the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The introduction of CNT on top of the core–shell structure by a simple chemical synthesis method helps to improve the double‐layer capacitance and Faraday capacitance of the composite. Thus, multiple synergistic effects can be produced to improve charge storage capacity. The morphology structure and electrochemical properties of PANI@(MnO2 + NiO)@CNT were analyzed. In a three‐electrode configuration, the specific capacitance of the composite is 327 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Remarkably, the capacitance retention rate exceeded 75% after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. Calculations indicate that in a supercapacitor employing a 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, the composite demonstrated energy and power densities of 48.1 W h kg−1 and 999.9 W kg−1, respectively. This kind of core–shell structural composites achieved electrochemical properties in line with expectations through a simple chemical synthesis method. As a practical application of supercapacitor electrode materials, PANI@(MnO2 + NiO)@CNT have better electrical properties than similar materials and have broad application prospects in industrial production.
Works for Me: Personalizing Skilled Trade Worker Training via Smart Hand Tools
Authors: Collier Chelsea , Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Greenberg Sherri R. , Lassiter Tina , Kim Jen Bokyung , Salazar Carlos , New Rachel , Longoria Raul G.
Published: October 2024

This paper explores an approach for applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to co‐design smart hand tools to personalize learning for future skilled trade workers in workforce training programs. The purpose of this research is to better understand the perspectives of workers in the skilled trades and to respond with co‐designed socio‐technical interventions that empower workers. The research benefits from a collaboration between The University of Texas at Austin, the City of Austin, and Austin Community College (ACC) and incorporates insights from welding instructors and students, as well as skilled trade workers and supervisors. Social science findings derived from semi‐structured interviews inform tool design implemented by an interdisciplinary research team. The participatory design approach has resulted in two prototypes: a welding simulator that uses Augmented Reality (AR) and an AI‐enabled (smart) rotary tool. This paper has implications for workforce development to address skilled worker shortages. Additionally, it contributes to ongoing research into AI and skilled trade work which is understudied compared to AI and knowledge work.
Ensuring Consistency in Interagency Government Data Exchange: A Blockchain‐based Solution
Authors: Geng Qian , Chuai Ziang , Jin Jian
Published: October 2024

Effective data exchange holds the potential to bridge information gaps between government agencies, creating essential prerequisites for enhanced collaboration. However, consistency issue often hinders the performance of interagency government data exchange. Inconsistent query results may be returned from different databases if data records are not timely synchronized, degrading mutual trust and collaboration efficiency among agencies. To address this issue, an interagency government data exchange approach is proposed. Specifically, consortium blockchain is leveraged as a write‐ahead log, enabling different agencies to trace relevant requests failed to be executed in real‐time, thereby promptly providing consistent query results. Detailed settings on protocol level are designed for the blockchain platform to facilitate data exchange regulation, including data structures, consensus algorithms and access control mechanism. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and investigate the impact of different parameters on data consistency and system availability.
Exploratory Search in Digital Humanities: A Study of Visual Keyword/Result Linking
Authors: Hoeber Orland , Harvey Morgan , Momeni Milad , Pirmoradi Abbas , Gleeson David
Published: October 2024

While searching within digital humanities collections is an important aspect of digital humanities research, the search features provided are usually more suited to lookup search than exploratory search. This limits the ability of digital humanities scholars to undertake complex search scenarios. Drawing upon recent studies on supporting exploratory search in academic digital libraries, we implemented two visual keyword/result linking approaches for searching within the Europeana collection; one that keeps the keywords linked to the search results and another that aggregates the keywords over the search result set. Using a controlled laboratory study, we assessed these approaches in comparison to the existing Europeana search mechanisms. We found that both visual keyword/result linking approaches were improvements over the baseline, with some differences between the new approaches that were dependent on the stage of the exploratory search process. This work illustrates the value of providing advanced search functionality within digital humanities collections to support exploratory search processes, and the need for further design and study of digital humanities search tools that support complex search scenarios.
Social Media Memory of January 6: Content Analysis of Twitter One Year Later
Authors: Martell Allan , Goryl Sasha , Sai Nannapaneni
Published: October 2024

We report on the results of a content analysis of a random sample of tweets (n = 16, 480) about the January 6th insurrection published one year after the attacks. Drawing from research on social media memory, far‐right activism, and social memories in times of crises, we performed a deductive manual coding of the tweets. We found that roughly four of every ten Twitter users remembered the U.S. Capitol attack as an insurrection. Importantly, though, the insurrection frame was adopted by users who were in favor and against the attack. The other most frequent frames were censorship, used by people who aimed to discredit the idea that there had been an insurrection; treason, used by people across the political spectrum to claim that “the other side” had betrayed the United States; fear of other, employed by users who blamed “the others” for the insurrection and its aftermath; and accountability, used by people against the insurrection to call for the attackers to face justice and its leaders to be barred from holding public office. We also noticed that the different frames were not exclusive. Those who used the term “insurrection” frequently used others such as accountability, censorship, treason, terrorism, and conspiracy.
Lawyers' Perspectives on Surveillance in U.S. Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Needle Jessica P. , Fleischmann Kenneth R.
Published: October 2024

Increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in surveillance by the U.S. immigration enforcement has led to important ethical considerations. This paper aims to explore the extent to which immigration lawyers are aware of surveillance technologies in their work with immigrants and the lawyers' potential concerns about surveillance technologies. Through a thematic analysis of six semi‐structured interviews with U.S. immigration lawyers and legal practitioners, this research reveals three overarching themes that describe lawyers' perspectives on surveillance: surveillance knowledge, surveillance assemblage, and surveillance implications. These themes are rooted in lawyers' understandings, experiences, and encounters with surveillance in their daily work with immigrant communities and contribute to existing work at the intersection of surveillance, information studies, and immigration. This work calls on information scholars to explore and expand on understandings of surveillance within U.S. immigration enforcement.
Personal Information of Medical Learners in Canada: A Review of Policies and Expectations
Authors: Park Jay Kelly , Feng Nicholas C
Published: October 2024

This paper explores whether the Canadian medical universities' policies on personal information to protect and provide access meet the expectations of their learners. An overview of the current legislation is presented in the order of federal, provincial/territorial, and university level. This is followed by a process of reviewing a paper published by the Canadian Federation of Medical Students and conducting thematic analysis on pertinent court judgements to understand Canadian medical learners' expectations of personal information handling practices. Through this process, we develop a list of nominal variables that represents learner expectations. For analysis, we conduct descriptive research to review medical universities' policies and utilize a matrix to cross‐check the policies against the list of variables. The resulting matrix presents a visualization that highlights areas where the policies and medical learners' expectations converge and diverge. Our findings indicate that most universities acknowledge the importance of responsibly handling personal information but did not touch on certain variables, such as oversight of third‐party data stewards and information transfer processes within the medical education community. Insights from our findings may contribute to the development of policies and participation from professional regulatory authorities.
“There's a big difference between going through life with the wind at your back, and going through life leaning into the wind”: Feminism in Post‐World War II Information Science
Authors: Poole Alex H.
Published: October 2024

This paper centers on feminism in post‐World War II information science, namely in the context of the American Documentation Institute (ADI) and the subsequent American Society for Information Science (ASIS). We focus on the years between 1962, when ADI elected its first woman president, and 1988, when it celebrated its 50th anniversary—a period that overlapped with that of second‐wave feminism in the United States. This research makes three scholarly interventions. First, we contribute to the history of information science, particularly to the history of women in the field. Second, we train a feminist epistemology lens on the field. This involves considering women's participation, representation, and marginalization in information science, on the one hand, and the ways in which information scientists approached women's lives, experiences, and bodies, on the other. Third, we situate information science in the broader history of science, juxtaposing ADI/ASIS with other scientific societies' engagement with feminism. In contrast to the national political, social, and cultural changes it wrought, feminism made little headway in information science during this period. The field largely denied women equity, inclusion, and belonging.
Standardizing Vehicle Travel Speed Data for Road Safety
Authors: Salas Liliana , Adkins Arlie
Published: October 2024

In 2022, almost 50,000 people died in road crashes in the United States, with speeding implicated in 29% of these fatalities. Despite known links between vehicle speed and crash occurrence and severity, there are no federal guidelines for collecting vehicle travel speed (VTS) data. Cities with open VTS data are using unstandardized datasets, which complicates large‐scale and cross‐jurisdictional analysis. We conducted a qualitative assessment of open data repositories for the 25 largest U.S. cities, using a framework of knowledge representation, evaluated twelve metadata components, and determined the potential usability of these datasets. Our knowledge representation framework includes five data elements: speed metric, timestamp, geospatial representation, posted speed and vehicle type. Findings show that one‐quarter of these cities have open VTS datasets. Of those cities, none has a VTS dataset containing all the elements defined in our framework. This suggests the need to design information policy standards for the collection and sharing of open VTS data.
Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreak Response: Exploring the Sensemaking Process of an Expert Advisory Group
Authors: Seto Iva , Johnstone David , Campbell‐Meier Jennifer
Published: October 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of crisis research, particularly in the response phase. This research explores long duration crisis sensemaking of an Expert Advisory Group (EAG) during an emerging disease outbreak which has implications for the conduct of COVID‐19 public inquiries. The members of the Ontario SARS Scientific Advisory Committee (OSSAC) for the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, provide the context for this study. Among their duties, these experts were tasked to write directives (mandated protocols) that govern all aspects of hospital life, such as the protocol for transferring SARS patients. Data were collected in multiple forms, including: public inquiry reports, meeting minutes, newspaper articles, and interviews. Following a constructivist grounded theory strategy, several iterations of data collection and analysis were completed. The findings include a conceptual framework that depicts the sensemaking process and illuminates the relationship between retrospective (after an event has occurred) and prospective (future‐oriented) sensemaking.
Building a Multimodal Dataset of Academic Paper for Keyword Extraction
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Yan Xinyi , Xiang Yi , Zhang Yingyi , Zhang Chengzhi
Published: October 2024

Up to this point, keyword extraction task typically relies solely on textual data. Neglecting visual details and audio features from image and audio modalities leads to deficiencies in information richness and overlooks potential correlations, thereby constraining the model's ability to learn representations of the data and the accuracy of model predictions. Furthermore, the currently available multimodal datasets for keyword extraction task are particularly scarce, further hindering the progress of research on multimodal keyword extraction task. Therefore, this study constructs a multimodal dataset of academic paper consisting of 1,000 samples, with each sample containing paper text, images, audios and keywords. Based on unsupervised and supervised methods of keyword extraction, experiments are conducted using textual data from papers, as well as text extracted from images and audio. The aim is to investigate the differences in performance in keyword extraction task with respect to different modal information and the fusion of multimodal information. The experimental results indicate that text from different modalities exhibits distinct characteristics in the model. The concatenation of paper text, image text and audio text can effectively enhance the keyword extraction performance of academic papers.
Exploration of the Effectiveness and Experience of AI‐Assisted Academic Reading
Authors: Zheng Xiaochuan , Fan Hao
Published: October 2024

AI‐assisted reading tool has rapidly gained popularity because it can simplify and improve the process of comprehending research papers. This study examines their actual impact on students' academic reading effectiveness and experience. Two groups of participants were recruited for quasi‐experiment and use Mann–Whitney non‐parametric test to analyze their academic reading effectiveness and experience. Content analysis is employed to extract and analyze prompts posed by participants with AI‐assisted reading tool. Results show that positive impacts are noted on retelling of “Results”, “Conclusion”, and “Critical thinking”. However, negative effects emerge in “Background & purpose”, “Methodology”, and “Detail”. User experiences reveal “Concentration” challenges but positive perceptions of “Time fly”, “Control”, and “Feel joyful”. Students tend to pose self‐generated prompts rather than recommend prompts. AI‐assisted reading tools offer overall benefits but necessitate recognizing negative impacts. Students are encouraged to enhance their digital literacy to use AI‐assisted reading tools. Additionally, optimizing tool functions is essential for sustainable development.
Cross‐Domain Information Integration in Government: Hierarchies and Responsibilities
Authors: Zogheib Ciara , Mahetaji Kaushar
Published: October 2024

Cross‐domain integration of information is increasingly identified as a priority across public sector contexts because (in theory) it enables the use of more information, including information from groups and communities historically excluded from public sector decision making. In this paper, we reject the tendency to take ‘integration’ for granted, arguing the need to position cross‐domain integration as an information practice, and conducting mixed methods thematic analysis of government strategic documents to validate the utility of this approach. We find that depending on the type of information proposed to be integrated — digital data versus the knowledge of peoples and communities — our sample of Canadian government institutions treats cross‐domain integration with differing levels of procedural rigour and detail. Reflecting ASIS&T 2024 themes of prioritizing responsibility and reflexivity in information practice, and of cultivating community partnerships through practice, not merely in name, we discuss the information hierarchies that emerge in the cross‐domain information integration in government and the associated impacts on stakeholder communities.
Are Prompts All You Need?: Chatting with ChatGPT on Disinformation Policy Understanding
Authors: Chen Haihua , Cherukuri Komala Subramanyam , Zhu Xiaohua (Awa) , Yang Shengnan
Published: October 2024

ChatGPT has shown promise in assisting qualitative researchers with coding. Previous efforts have primarily focused on datasets derived from interviews and observations, leaving document analysis, another crucial data source, relatively unexplored. In this project, we address the rapidly emerging topic of disinformation regulatory policy as a pilot to investigate ChatGPT's potential for document analysis. We adapt our existing qualitative research framework, which identifies five key components of disinformation policy: context, actors, issue, instrument, and channel, to sketch out policy documents. We then designed a two‐stage experiment employing a multi‐layer workflow using a dataset with highly relevant policy documents from US federal government departments. Through iteratively developing and refining six different prompt strategies, we identified an effective few‐shot learning strategy that achieved 72.0% accuracy and a 70.8% F‐score with the optimal prompt. Our experimental process and outcomes explore the feasibility of using ChatGPT to support manual coding for policy documents and suggest a coding approach for conducting explicit document analysis through an interactive process between researchers and ChatGPT. Furthermore, our results initiate a wider debate on how to integrate human logic with ChatGPT logic, along with the evolving relationship between researchers and AI tools.
Fostering Community Dialogue through Participatory Methods: A People‐First Approach in Participatory Development Activities
Authors: Gomez Ricardo , Beltran Mauricio
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces innovative participatory methods designed to foster community dialogue and engagement in development initiatives. We present participatory mapping, participatory photography, and two culturally grounded games, “Mayuk” and “Cachiveras,” as tools to facilitate community participation, dialogue, and reflection. Grounded in the theory of participatory action research (PAR) by Orlando Fals Borda, these methods prioritize local knowledge, foster a dialogue of knowledge between communities and researchers, and aim for social transformation through active community participation. By implementing these participatory activities, we not only engage communities in identifying resources, strengths, and opportunities but also promote a playful strategy for adults to deepen analysis and engage in critical dialogue about their culture and communication. This approach aligns with the conference theme of Putting People First, demonstrating responsibility, reflexivity, and care in the creation and evaluation of participatory development activities.
Comparative Study of GenAI (ChatGPT) vs. Human in Generating Multiple Choice Questions Based on the PIRLS Reading Assessment Framework
Authors: Lam Yu Yan , Chu Samuel Kai Wah , Ong Elsie Li Chen , Suen Winnie Wing Lam , Xu Lingran , Lam Lavender Chin Lui , Wong Scarlett Man Yu
Published: October 2024

Human‐generated multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) are commonly used to ensure objective evaluation in education. However, generating high‐quality questions is difficult and time‐consuming. Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as an automated approach for question generation, but challenges remain in terms of biases and diversity in training data. This study aims to compare the quality of GenAI‐generated MCQs with humans‐created ones. In Part 1 of this study, 16 MCQs were created by humans and GenAI individually with alignment to the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) assessment framework. In Part 2, the quality of MCQs generated was assessed based on the clarity, appropriateness, suitability, and alignment to PIRLS by four assessors. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were conducted to compare GenAI versus humans generated MCQs. The findings highlight GenAI's potential as it was difficult to differentiate from human created questions and offer recommendations for integrating AI technology for the future.
Beyond Navigation: Exploring Users' Contextual Information Needs and Concerns When Interacting with Mobile Map Apps
Authors: Li Jinhao , Zhao Yuxiang (Chris) , Song Shijie
Published: October 2024

Mobile map applications greatly facilitate users' everyday information practices and provide them with real‐time and accurate information in different contexts. However, few studies have explored the contextual information needs of users in their interactions with mobile maps. Semi‐structured interviews with 18 participants revealed that users present diverse and rich information needs in their everyday use of map applications, and in addition to the most common information needs for situ navigation, users' contextual information needs varied. Particularly, mobile map applications are increasingly characterized by serious leisure while highlighting their utility. In addition, with the evolution of the platformization of map applications, users are also demanding more autonomy, visibility, and security. This study contributes to the literature on human‐information interaction in mobile maps and sheds light on the user experience design of mobile map applications.
Acceptability of Nudge in Digital Learning Environment
Authors: Lim Kok Khiang , Lee Chei Sian
Published: October 2024

Digital nudging is gaining traction in the educational domain to guide students' decision‐making processes and achieve desirable learning outcomes through subtle changes in the digital learning environment. From the information science perspective, these changes are realized through informational cues and human‐computer interface design to affect the influences. Studies have shown nudge effectiveness in influencing students' behaviors, but the extent to which digital nudging affects them and who is susceptible to nudges remains unclear. Although progress has been made in understanding nudge acceptability, research in the context of learning and students' characteristics, such as procrastination behavior, remains limited. To fill this gap, this study surveyed 305 university students to assess their nudge acceptability on two types of nudges: System 1, which involves automatic and intuitive processes, and System 2, which engages deliberate and reflective thinking. The results show that students, regardless of their procrastination tendencies, were receptive to nudges in supporting their learning. System 1 nudge was preferred due to its simplistic and straightforward intervention approach. The insights gained from this study contributed to the advancement of nudge research by demonstrating that students with various procrastination tendencies were receptive to nudging and guiding researchers in designing tailored nudges to maximize effectiveness.
The Cognitive Map Mechanism in Digital Reading: An Experimental Study on the Influence of Textual Representation on Cognitive Effects
Authors: Liu Yeping , Zhao Liang , Fang Qing , Song Mofan
Published: October 2024

The Cognitive Map Mechanism explains that different textual representations influence cognitive effects by affecting how readers mentally organize and navigate information. The application of this mechanism in digital reading remains underexplored. We conducted a lab experiment(N = 148) manipulating low/medium/high textual representation through non−/micro−/combined‐annotation modes. Our aim was to clarify how the cognitive map based digital reading variations impact reading comprehension, performance calibration, and reading speed. Sufficient results showed that high‐level textual representation provides superior cognitive effects in all dimensions. It is interesting to discover that medium‐level textual representation impaired cognitive effects compared to low‐level representation. Specifically, metacognition negatively moderated the influence of textual representation level on reading speed, suggesting that texts with both micro‐annotations and graphic organizers can provide comprehensive cues and visual correlations to build cognitive map, thereby enhancing cognitive effects. Our study contributes novel insights for future research and practical implementation of cognitive‐oriented strategies in digital context.