bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Transfer Layer on the Sliding Wear Behavior of a Cu-15Ni-8Sn Alloy Under Different Loads
Authors: Li Daoxi , Wang Zhi , Zhao Chao , Luo Zongqiang , Zhang wengwen
Published: August 2021

We studied the microstructure of the transfer layer and its effect on the wear mechanism and wear property of an aged Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy against GCr15 bearing steel during dry sliding by changing the applied load. The results indicate that the aged Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy shows different wear behavior and wear properties when the applied load changed, where the average friction coefficient and specific wear rate decrease quickly with increasing applied load in steady wear condition. The sample tested under relatively high applied load shows the best wear performance owing the thickest oxide layer exists in the transfer layer. The main wear mechanisms were found changing with varied applied. The metallic nanocrystalline particles and the relative ductile copper oxides promotes the formation of a thick and densified oxide layer. The change of the thickness and morphology of the oxide layer under different load can significantly affect the wear mechanisms.
Social-Emotional Development of Children in Asia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yong Geok Har , Lin Mei-Hua , Toh Teck Hock , Marsh Nigel V.
Published: August 2021

Background: There has been growing interest in the social-emotional development of children. However, the social-emotional development of children in Asia remains a knowledge gap. This systematic review identifies and summarises existing studies on the social-emotional development of children in Asia. Method: We conducted a systematic review using the Guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). This review included primary social-emotional development studies conducted in Asia and published in English. The study findings were entered into Microsoft Excel, and data were summarized quantitatively and thematically. Results: We reviewed 45 studies that met the inclusion criteria, and they were from 12 Asian countries, mostly the East Asia region (China and Hong Kong). Most of the studies were cross-sectional in design (n = 23, 51.1%). The majority of the studies focused on overall social-emotional development (n = 24, 53.3%), followed by social competence (n = 7, 15.6%), emotional development (n = 5, 11.1%), social-emotional learning (n = 3, 6.7%), problem behaviour (n = 3, 6.7%), self-regulation (n = 2, 4.4%), and 1 study (2.2%) focused on both social-emotional learning and problem behaviour. We did not perform the meta-analysis as the study findings were of heterogeneity.Conclusions: Studies on children’s social-emotional development in Asia are limited and mainly from the East Asia region. More diverse cultural studies on the social-emotional functioning of children in Asia are needed to understand children’s social-emotional development in Asia. Finally, parent and teacher knowledge on children’s social-emotional development should also be examined more closely. Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021238826).
Dendrimer Functionalized Metal Oxide Nanoparticle mediated Self-Assembled Collagen Scaffold for Skin Regenerative Application: Function of Metal in Metal oxides
Authors: Sree KJ , Vedhanayagam Mohan , Nair Balachandran Unni , kumar Anandasadagopan Suresh
Published: August 2021

Functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles cross-linked collagen scaffolds are widely used in skin regenerative applications because of their enhanced physico-chemical and biocompatibility properties. From the safety clinical trials point of view, there are no reports that have compared the effects of functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles mediated collagen scaffolds for in-vivo skin regenerative applications. In this work, Triethoxysilane - Poly (amido amine) dendrimer generation 3 (TES-PAMAM -G3 or G3) functionalized spherical shape metal oxide nanoparticles (MO NPs: ZnO, TiO2, Fe3O4, CeO2, and SiO2, Size: 12 -25 nm) cross-linked collagen scaffolds were prepared by using a self-assembly method. Triple helical conformation, pore size, mechanical strength and in-vitro cell viability of MO-TES-PAMAM-G3- collagen scaffolds were studied through different methods. The in-vivo skin regenerative proficiency of MO-TES-PAMAM-G3- collagen scaffolds were analysed by implanting the scaffold on wounds in Wistar Albino rats. The results demonstrated that MO-TES-PAMAM-G3- collagen scaffold showed superior skin regeneration properties than other scaffolds. The skin regenerative efficiency of MO NPs followed order: ZnO> TiO2> CeO2> SiO2> Fe3O4 NPs. This result can be attributed to higher mechanical strength, cell –viability and better antibacterial activity of ZnO-TES-PAMAM-G3-collagen scaffold lead to accelerate the skin regenerative properties in comparison to other metal oxide based collagen scaffolds.
Impact of COVID-19 infection on short-term outcome in patients referred to stress myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Assante Roberta , D’Antonio Adriana , Mannarino Teresa , Gaudieri Valeria , Zampella Emilia , Mainolfi Ciro , Cantoni Valeria , Green Roberta , Caiazzo Elisa , Nappi Carmela , Criscuolo Emanuele , Bologna Roberto , Zumbo Giulia , Petretta Mario , Cuocolo Alberto , Acampa Wanda
Published: August 2021

Purpose
We assessed the impact of COVID-19 infection on cardiovascular events in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD) referred to stress myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (MPS).
Methods
A total of 950 consecutive patients with suspected or known CAD were submitted by referring physicians to stress MPS for assessment of myocardial ischemia between January 2018 and June 2019. All patients underwent stress-optional rest MPS. Perfusion defects were quantitated as % of LV myocardium and expressed as total perfusion defect (TPD), representing the defect extent and severity. A TPD ≥ 5% was considered abnormal.
Results
During a mean follow-up of 27 months (range 4–38) 31 events occurred. Moreover, 55 (6%) patients had a COVID-19 infection. The median time from index MPS to COVID-19 infection was 16 months (range 6–24). At Cox multivariable analysis, abnormal MPS and COVID-19 infection resulted as independent predictors of events. There were no significant differences in annualized event rate in COVID-19 patients with or without abnormal MPS (p = 0.56). Differently, in patients without COVID-19 the presence of abnormal MPS was associated with higher event rate (p < .001). Patients with infection compared to those without had a higher event rate in the presence of both normal and abnormal TPD.
Conclusion
In patients with suspected and known CAD the presence of COVID-19 infection during a short-term follow-up was associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular events.
The TDP43 CFTS Affect Brain Endothelial Cell Functions by Regulating YAP and Tight Junction Proteins in Cerebral Ischemic Injury.
Authors: Xu Xiaotian , Zhang Changwen , Jiang Jianxiong , Xin Mei , Hao Jiukuan
Published: August 2021

Background: As important components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain endothelial cells (ECs) interact with pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, microglia and extracellular matrix in the neurovascular unit to maintain central nerve system (CNS) homeostasis and regulate neurological functions. Pathological changes in brain endothelium plays an important role in progression of ischemic stroke. The compromised BBB under ischemic stroke condition causes neuronal damage. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of BBB in normal and under ischemic stroke condition has not been fully elucidated.Methods: C57bl/6 mice were subjected to 1-hour transient middle cerebral occlusion (tMCAO) model, and collected the brain samples after reperfusion for 24hours, 72hours and 1week. Lentivirus (YAP/TAZ shRNA), adenovirus (YAPS112A), TDP43 siRNA, TDP43-CTFS35 overexpression plasmid, Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were applied to brain endothelial cells in vitro experiments. Brain endothelial cells (ECs) functions were tested by cell proliferation, migration and cell viability. Hippo signaling pathway was examined by immunofluorescence and western blotting.Results: The present study demonstrates that TDP43 is an essential gene to regulate brain ECs normal function, and knockdown of TDP43 reduces tight junction protein expression and inhibits brain ECs migration. Furthermore, ischemic injury and inflammation induce cytoplasmic TDP43-CTFS35 aggregation brain ECs, which weaken TDP43 full-length’s function leading to impairing tight junction (TJ) protein expression and cell migration. The expression of cytoplasmic TDP43-CTFS35 in brain ECs increased at 24 hours and 72 hours after MCAO, but disappeared at 1 week after MCAO. The expressions of TJ proteins, ZO-1 and claudin-5, and expression of P-YAP are associated with the dynamic changes of TDP43-CTFS35 expression in brain ECs after MCAO. The underlying mechanism of TDP43-CTFS35’s effects on brain ECs is that TDP43-CTFS35 turns off the Hippo signaling pathway by inhibition of PMST1/2 phosphorylation leading to de-phosphorylate YAP, and subsequently causes brain ECs functional changes.Conclusions: The present study provides new insight knowledge regarding the mechanisms of brain vascular ECs regulation and pathological change in the BBB after cerebral ischemic injury.
Seasonal Ranging Pattern of Asian Elephants in the Protected Area Landscape of Bangladesh
Authors: Motaleb Mohammad Abdul , Ahmed Mohammad Sultan , Mahmud Md. Abdullah Al , Khan M. Monirul H. , Mamun Abdullah-Al , Huraira Abu , Rahman Md. Ashikur , Saha Samir , Chakma Sheeladitya , Hoque Mohammad Rashedul , Asma Roksana Akhter , Foisal Md. Zia Uddin , Rahman Md. Anisur , Arafat Mohammad Easin
Published: August 2021

Background

Seasonal ranging pattern of the Asian Elephants was assessed within two major Protected Areas, namely Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary and Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary situated in the southern Bangladesh, for the period between November 2016 and May 2018. The objective of this study was to see how do the elephants move across the Protected Area landscapes, what was the linkage between the water sources and elephant’s seasonal movement patterns and how does vegetation cover link to elephant movement.
Methods

The ranging pattern was analyzed using the elephant dung distribution data. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Water Index were estimated through satellite image analysis.
Results

Study clearly indicated that the ranging pattern of elephants fully depends on the vegetation and water sources. The areas where water sources and vegetation coverage were good, elephant movement was higher. The study identified few areas of these two Protected Areas where both vegetation coverage and water sources were visible and those areas as hot-spots for elephants.
Conclusions

The findings of this study can be used in conservation and management of elephants, particularly through the protection of preferred water sources and vegetation covered areas. In future these areas need to be protected and take proper management interventions.
Establishing Laboratory-Specific Reference Intervals for TSH and fT4 by use of the Indirect Hoffman Method
Authors: Płaczkowska Sylwia , Terpińska Małgorzata , Piwowar Agnieszka
Published: August 2021

Background: The results of examinations of laboratory parameters are the basis of appropriate medical decisions. The availability of reliable and accurate reference intervals (RIs) for each laboratory parameter is an integral part of its appropriate interpretation. Each medical laboratory should confirm their RIs. Up to date reference intervals for thyroid function hormones are still a matter of ongoing controversy. The aim of the study was application of the indirect Hoffman method to determine RIs for TSH and fT4 based on the large data pools stored in laboratory information systems, and the comparison of these RIs to generally used RIs.Material and methods: The TSH and fT4 routine examination results of a hospitalized and outpatients population over five years (2015-2019) were collected, and reference limits were established by the improved Hoffmann method after the exclusion of outliers. Comparative verification of established RIs was conducted with the RIs values provided by test manufacturers and literature data.Results: The various RIs in different age groups in examined populations were observed. For TSH RIs varied between different age groups, with a narrower range of RIs in the studied adult population, while for children, a shift of both reference boundaries toward higher values in comparison to manufacturers' data was observed. RIs estimated for fT4 were very similar to the manufacturer and literature data.Conclusion: Thyroid hormone levels change during a person's lifetime and vary between sexes, but this difference does not always influence the clinical interpretation of laboratory results in the context of RIs. The use of indirect methods is justified due to the ease and low cost of their application.
Selective Targeting of Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) with Vupanorsen for the Treatment of Patients with Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD): Results of a Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Foss-Freitas Maria Cristina , Akinci Baris , Neidert Adam , Bartlett Victoria J , Hurh Eunju , Karwatowska-Prokopczuk Ewa , Oral Elif
Published: August 2021

Background: Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a rare disease characterized by selective loss of peripheral subcutaneous fat associated with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Reductions in circulating levels of ANGPTL3 are associated with lower triglyceride and other atherogenic lipids, making it an attractive target for treatment of FPLD patients. This proof-of-concept study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of targeting ANGPTL3 with vupanorsen in patients with FPLD. Methods: This was an open-label study. Four patients with FPLD (two with pathogenic variants in LMNA gene, and two with no causative genetic variant), diabetes (HbA1c≥7.0% and ≤12%), hypertriglyceridemia (≥500 mg/dL), and hepatic steatosis (hepatic fat fraction, HFF≥6.4%) were included. Patients received vupanorsen subcutaneously at a dose of 20 mg weekly for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percent change from baseline in fasting triglycerides at Week 27. Other endpoints analyzed at the same time point included changes in ANGPTL3, fasting lipids and lipoproteins, insulin secretion/sensitivity, postprandial lipid and glycemic changes in response to a mixed meal test, HFF measured by MRI, and body composition measured by dual energy absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: Baseline mean ± SD fasting triglyceride level was 9.24 ± 4.9 mmol/L (817.8 ± 431.9 mg/dL). Treatment resulted in reduction in fasting levels of triglyceride by 59.9%, ANGPTL3 by 54.7%, and in several other lipoproteins/lipids including very low- density lipoprotein cholesterol by 53.5%, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 20.9%, and free fatty acids (FFA) by 41.7%. The area under the curve for postprandial triglycerides, FFA, and glucose were reduced by 60%, 32%, and 14%, respectively. Treatment with vupanorsen also resulted in 55% reduction in adipose tissue insulin resistance index, while other insulin sensitivity indices and HbA1c levels were not changed. Additional investigations in HFF and in DEXA parameters suggested dynamic changes in fat partitioning during treatment. Adverse events observed were related to common serious complications associated with diabetes and FPLD, vupanorsen was well tolerated, and there was no effect on platelet count. Conclusions: Although limited, these results suggest that targeting ANGPTL3 with vupanorsen could address several metabolic abnormalities in patients with FPLD.Clinical Trial: NCT03514420
Experimental research on the evaluation of left ventricular systolic function by layered speckle tracking before and after berberine treatment in a cardiac hypertrophy rat model
Authors: Luo haorou , Kou Tuli , Su Ye , Yin Lixue
Published: August 2021

Background

We aimed to detect the cardiac dysfunction in the early myocardial hypertrophy rat model by layered strain and to evaluate the effect of berberine on the left ventricular systolic function of myocardial hypertrophy rats.
Methods

80 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The last three groups(ISO group) were injected with isoproterenol intraperitoneally to establish a model of myocardial hypertrophy;After successful modeling, group A and group B were given berberine hydrochloride intragastric administration (5mg/kg; 10mg/kg), and group C was given the same amount of normal saline by intragastric administration. The left ventricular systolic function was performed at the end of each trial using the layered strain technique. The myocardial tissue of rats was taken for pathological examination, and Masson trichrome staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed. The myocardial interstitial fibrosis was evaluated and the correlation analysis was performed.
Results

The GCS, GSCendo and GSCmid of the ISO group were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (− 20.46% −29.57% −19.39% vs. −15.71% −20.11% −15.35%; P < 0.05). After berberine treatment, the GSCendo in group A (5mg/kg) and group B (10mg/kg) was higher than that in group C (− 24.49% vs.−26.87% vs.−20.09%; P < 0.001); The improvement in group B was more significant (− 24.49% vs.−26.87%; P < 0.001). Pathological results showed that, compared with the control group, fibrosis was significantly increased in the ISO group. After 7 days of berberine intragastric intervention, compared with group C without intervention, the fibrosis deposition in group A and B was reduced, and the fibrosis deposition in group B was more obvious. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that Gscendo was positively correlated with the percentage of myocardial interstitial fiber deposition.
Conclusion

Persistent cardiac hypertrophy leads to marked myocardial fibrosis and necrosis. Berberine can inhibit the progression of myocardial fibrosis after the formation of cardiac hypertrophy. The stratified strain technique can identify early myocardial systolic dysfunction in patients with cardiac hypertrophy and evaluate the efficacy of short-term drug intervention, which is expected to be a new method for clinical quantitative evaluation of left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Software-Defined-Radio Based HF Doppler Receiving System
Authors: Nakata Hiroyuki , Nozaki Kenro , Oki Yuhei , Hosokawa Keisuke , Hashimoto Kumiko , Kikuchi Takashi , Sakai Jun , Tomizawa Ichiro , Saita Satoko
Published: August 2021

High-frequency Doppler (HFD) sounding is a major remote sensing technique for monitoring the ionosphere. Conventional systems for HFDs mainly utilize analog circuits. However, existing analog systems have become difficult to maintain as the number of individuals adept at working with analog circuits has declined. To solve this problem, we developed an alternate HFD receiver system based on digital signal processing. The software-defined radio (SDR) technique enables the receiver to be set up without the knowledge of analog circuit devices. This approach also downsizes the system and reduces costs. A highly stabilized radio system for both the transmitter and receiver is necessary for stable long-term observations of various phenomena in the ionosphere. The global positioning system disciplined oscillator with an accuracy of H compensates for the frequency stability required by the new receiving system. In the new system, four frequencies are received and signal-processed simultaneously. The dynamic range of the new system is wider (> 130 dB) than that of the conventional system. The signal-to-noise ratio significantly improved by 20 dB. The new digital system enables radio waves to be received with much smaller amplitudes at four different frequencies. New digital receivers have been installed at some of the stations in the HFD observation network in Japan and have already captured various ionospheric phenomena, including medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances and sudden commencement induced electric field fluctuations, which indicates the feasibility of SDR for actual ionospheric observations. The new digital receiver is simple, inexpensive, and small in size, which makes it easy to deploy new receiving stations in Japan and elsewhere. These advantages of the new system will help drive the construction of a wide HFD observation network.
Supratentorial and infratentorial brain metastases: a single centre, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Steinruecke Moritz , Pronin Savva , Gherman Anda-Veronica , Emelifeonwu John , Liaquat Imran
Published: August 2021

Purpose

15–30% of primary cancers metastasise to the brain. Of these, 10–25% involve the posterior fossa. It remains unclear whether patients undergoing resection for infratentorial brain metastases experience poorer prognosis than those with supratentorial lesions. We aim to compare the post-operative outcomes of these two groups.
Methods

We searched the electronic health records of all patients undergoing brain metastases resection at our regional neurosurgical centre between February 2014 and August 2019. Demographic and clinical data was collected on 85 patients (61 supratentorial, 24 infratentorial metastases). Outcome measures included survival, post-operative complications, and performance status. Patients were followed up until April 21st 2020.
Results

Median post-operative survival of patients with supratentorial metastases was 323 days (95% CI 235–411), compared to 277 days (95% CI 195–359) for those with infratentorial metastases. These two groups experienced comparable survival (log rank = 0.276, p = 0.60) in univariate analysis. Infratentorial metastasis location was not significantly prognostic of survival in multivariate analysis of six key clinical and demographic covariates (HR 1.51, 95% CI 0.780–2.92, p = 0.22). However, neurological and non-neurological post-operative complications were significantly more common in patients with infratentorial metastases (neurological = 21% v 13%, non-neurological = 25% v 2%, p = 0.002).
Conclusions

Infratentorial metastasis location alone was not associated with a significant change in survival in our patient cohort, but was linked to a higher incidence of post-operative complications. Prospective, multi-centre outcomes monitoring following brain metastasis resection is required to overcome the limitations of small sample size and evolving neurosurgical practices.
N, N-Dimethyl Formamide Regulating Fluorescence of MXene Quantum Dots for the Sensitive Determination of Fe3+
Authors: Gao Xiaohui , Shao Xiaochun , Qin Longlong , Li Yejun , Huang Shengxiang , Deng Lianwen
Published: August 2021

Due to widely use of iron in all kinds of areas, the design and construction of direct, fast, and highly sensitive sensor for Fe3+ is highly desirable and important. In the present work, a kind of fluorescent MQDs were synthesized via an intermittent ultrasound process with N,N-dimethyl formamide as solvent. The prepared MQDs were characterized via a combination of UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence spectra, X-ray photoelectron energy spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the electrostatic induced aggregation quenching mechanism, the fluorescent MQDs probes exhibited excellent sensing performance for the detection of Fe3+, with a sensitivity of 0.6377 mM− 1 and the detection limit of 1.4 µM, superior to those reported in literatures. The present MQDs-based probes demonstrate potential promising applications as the sensing device of Fe3+.
Embryotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by arsenic in albino mice and protective role of Moringa oleifera
Authors: Ali Kashif , Iqbal Asia , Omer Talha , Saleem Maham
Published: August 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A way to reduce the time consumption effect of for-loops for training neural networks: optimized propagation
Authors: Valizadeh Amir
Published: August 2021

In this paper, an alternative way to backpropagation is introduced and tested, which results in faster convergence of the cost function.
Sanctions and international interaction improve cooperation to avert climate change
Authors: Grimalda Gianluca , Belianin Alexis , Hennig-Schmidt Heike , Requate Till , Ryzhkova Marina
Published: August 2021

Imposing sanctions on noncompliant parties to international agreements is often advocated as a remedy for international cooperation failure, notably in climate agreements. We provide an experimental test of this conjecture in a collective-risk social dilemma simulating the effort to avoid catastrophic climate change. We involve groups of participants from two cultural areas that were shown to achieve different levels of cooperation nationally when peer-level sanctions were available. Here we show that, while this result still holds nationally, international interaction backed by sanctions is overall beneficial. Cooperation by low cooperator groups increases significantly in comparison with national cooperation and converges to the cooperation levels of high cooperation groups. While the increase is only marginally significant without sanctions, it becomes sizable when sanctions are imposed. When sanctions are available, individuals are willing to cooperate above the level that would maximize expected payoffs. Revealing or hiding counterparts’ nationality does not affect results.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of glacial lakes (1990-2018) in the Kashmir Himalayas, India using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Ahmed Rayees , Wani Gowhar Farooq , Ahmed Syed Towseef , Mir Riyaz Ahmad , Almazroui Mansour , Jain Sanjay Kumar , Ahmed Pervez
Published: August 2021

This study is perhaps the first attempt to use satellite data (1990–2018) to analyze spatiotemporal changes in glacial lakes over the Kashmir Himalayas supplemented by field studies. Landsat images were used to delineate the spatial extent of glacial lakes at four time points, i.e., 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018. The total count of lakes as well as their spatial extent showed a discernible increase. The number increased from 253 in 1990 to 322 in 2018, with a growth rate of 21.4%. The area has increased from 18.84 Km2 in 1990 to 22.11 Km2 in 2018 with a growth rate of 14.7 percent. The newly formed glacial lakes, including supra glacial lakes, were greater in number than the lakes that disappeared over the study period. All glacial lakes are situated at elevations of 2700 m asl and 4500 m asl. More than 78% of lake expansion in the study region is largely due to the growth of existing glacial lakes. Through area change analysis, our findings reveal that certain lakes show rapid expansion needing immediate monitoring and observation. The analysis of the meteorological variables reveals that minimum and maximum temperatures in the Jhelum basin have shown an increasing trend. Tmax showed an increase of 1.1°C, whereas Tmin increased to 0.7°C from 1990 to 2018. On the other hand, precipitation has shown a decreasing trend, which can be attributed to one of the major causes of glacier recession and the expansion of glacial lakes in the Upper Jhelum basin. Consequently, this study could play a significant role in devising a comprehensive risk assessment plan for potential GLOFs and developing a mechanism for continuous monitoring and management of lakes in the study region.
Clumped isotope thermometry techniques and their application to fossil teeth and pedogenic carbonates
Authors:   , Löffler Niklas Maximilian
Published: August 2021

This Ph.D. thesis demonstrates i) the highly precise performance of refined and new analytical setups for clumped isotope analysis (Δ47 and Δ48) and ii) the applicability of clumped isotope analyses to biogenic and abiogenic carbonated apatite (Δ47) and abiogenic carbonates (Δ47 and Δ48) for research related to paleothermophysiology and paleoclimatology, whereas the overall analytical precision has been increased. A comprehensive Δ47 dataset with 122 replicate analyses is provided from which the temperature dependence of Δ47 for (bio)apatite (Δ47-1/T2) is calculated between 1 °C and 80 °C. The temperature dependence of oxygen isotope equilibrium fractionation between carbonated synthetic apatite and water (1,000ln(αCHAP-H2O)) is experimentally determined. When applied to tooth enameloid from a modern Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus), a Late Miocene megatooth shark (Carcharodon megalodon), and an Upper Cretaceous Tyrannosaurus rex, reconstructed Δ47-based temperatures and δ18OH2O are in line with previously published data. An analytical setup for highly precise clumped isotope analysis is described that allows for the simultaneous measurement of ∆47 and ∆48 in CO2 with external reproducibilities close to the respective shot-noise limits. The analyte gases originate from pure carbonates that were digested in hypersaturated orthophosphoric acid and purified using a fully automated device. Δ47 data sets with 117 replicate analyses in total on 22 pedogenic carbonate nodules from two Spanish Middle Miocene sections reveal the continental Southern European thermal structure during the end of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) and the complete Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (MMCT; from 15.33 to 12.98 Ma).
Some issues of legal regulation of real estate mortgages that children have the right to use
Authors: Denisenko S.I. , Rubanets O.M.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with topical issues of mortgage agreements, according to which the mortgage is transferred to the mortgage, the right of use of which are underage children, and the study of problematic issues of further recourse to such housing. As a result of resorting to a comprehensive interpretation of individual regulations and court decisions, the degree of legal uncertainty that coexists with such terminological term as “Housing for children to enjoy” has been investigated. The article contains a study of the norms of the law that ensure the realization of the child's right to use the mortgaged property, which in particular concludes that the legislator has identified sufficiently specific restrictions on the rights of parents to dispose of real estate (housing) to which they are entitled to use to the child. It is also noted that the permission of the guardianship authority is required not only if the child is the co-owner of the real estate, but also if there is only registration of the child in the accommodation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the very fact of registration of a child in residential real estate (when the child is not even a co-owner) already speaks of the need for obtaining the permission of the guardianship authority. After all, such actions (deeds) of parents, which by their essence limit the property rights of the child, can in no case be carried out without the permission of the guardianship and guardianship bodies. But if the guardianship authority has been granted permission to enter into a mortgage agreement, which provides for the mortgagee's right to satisfy his claims by selling the mortgage / acquisition of title to it, it means that such authority simultaneously consented to and alienate such property upon the occurrence of the property provided for in such transaction. According to the results of the study, deficiencies in the legislative regulation of the above issues were identified and the risks of violating a child's right to use mortgaged housing were identified. This made it possible to provide guidance on the practical avoidance of situations where a mortgage agreement was invalidated due to a violation of children's rights. At the same time, Ukrainian legislation, some scientific works of scientists were analyzed, which made it possible to speak about insufficient level of attention of scientists to such problems as protection of the rights of the borrower (mortgagee) and members of his family - minor children and, at the same time, introduction of responsibility of parents in the sphere. violation of the rights of the child.
System of subjects of counteraction to infringement of the intellectual property right in the sphere of scientific activities
Authors: Zolota L.V.
Published: August 2021

In this article involves a comprehensive analysis and generalization of existing scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions the system of subjects of administrative and legal protection of intellectual property rights in the sphere of scientific activity. In the course of the research the system of subjects of administrative and legal protection of intellectual property rights in the sphere of scientific activity in Ukraine is defined, a number of public authorities belonging to general and special jurisdictions in this system have been clarified, after all, the state of observance of intellectual property rights in the field of scientific activity depends on the effectiveness of public authorities, one of the main tasks of which is the protection of such rights. As a result of the research, a number of new scientific theoretical and practical conclusions have been formulated with regard to subjects of administrative law, in particular, it is determined that they are potential subjects of administrative legal relations, as they may either enter into the relevant administrative legal relations or not exercise such a right, regarding the subjects of administrative and legal protection of intellectual property rights in the field of scientific activity, which are public authorities, international, national public organizations, scientific institutions, etc. whose activities are aimed at providing favorable conditions for the creation and use of intellectual property rights in the field of scientific activity. The provisions resulting from the research can be used in research, lawmaking, law enforcement activities – to improve the efficiency of protection of intellectual property rights in the field of scientific activity.
Evolution of surrogate motherhood: legal aspect
Authors: Yakushchenko Yu.M.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the study of the history of surrogate motherhood in the world, since the study of the origin of surrogacy and the history of its legal regulation will allow gaining greater insight into the legal nature of this phenomenon. The main periods of development of legislation in the field of surrogacy were analyzed and characterized, and the main problems were identified, as well as further ways of improvement. It is stated that this phenomenon is not new in the history of mankind. It was used in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Mesopotamia, and the first mentions can be found in the Old Testament. Attention is drawn to the fact that prior to the discovery of the in vitro fertilization method, there was only the traditional form of surrogate motherhood, which in most cases was governed by the rules of morality and customs prevailing at that time in a particular society. It is emphasized that the first references to the legal consolidation of this practice can be found in the Code of Hammurabi. It is stated that surrogacy as a modern method of assisted reproductive technologies has been used since 1985. It is argued that the active development of legislation in this field began after this year. The court cases were considered, which become decisive for the further formation of legislation on surrogacy. The article lists the main legal acts that regulated surrogate motherhood in Ukraine, those that are in force, and those that are invalid. It is concluded that gestational surrogacy as a method of assisted reproductive technology is becoming increasingly popular method for the treatment of infertility, and its legal regulation needs to be improved, especially at the level of international law.
Object of legal relations of crediting in foreign currency
Authors: Sirovatkin S.A. , Hudima T.S.
Published: August 2021

In the article presents the systematization of legal and scientific approaches to the composition and characteristics of foreign currency lending entities. It was opened and analyzed the scientific approaches and views of the legislator on this issue in order to distinguish a generalized definition of this aspect. It is established that at the present stage of development of scientific thought and legal support there is no unified approach to the separation of the main composition of objects of legal relations of the specified category. It is revealed that the civil law takes into account the basic values of credit relations (the allocation of objects such as cash and interest on the loan), but in other regulations there is no reference to their exhaustive list, which complicates the definition of characteristics and features of this phenomenon. Based on the research of scientific and legislative approaches, the classification of features and types of legal relations objects in the sphere of foreign currency lending is formulated. The following main features and types of objects of legal relations in the sphere of foreign currency lending are distinguished, namely: 1) a specific feature according to which the foreign currency cash provided by the lender to the borrower under the credit agreement is distinguished; 2) the value attribute, which provides for the allocation of the principal amount of the borrower's obligations and the interest on them specified in the credit agreement; 3) an obligatory sign (a reference to the obligation on the part of the lender to provide a loan of this category, and the obligation on the part of the borrower to pay the loan and interest thereon); 4) a sign of reversal caused by the characteristics of repayment of principal and interest on the loan; 5) an additional feature of foreign currency conversion, which allows to distinguish the object of legal relations in the sphere of lending in the direction of currency transactions, namely, the exchange rate.
Reforming the Armed Forces in the сontext of Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic Integration: Interaction of International and National Law
Authors: Plotnikova M.V. , Kovalenko A.L.
Published: August 2021

Sources of legal regulation of the reform of the national armed forces in Ukraine are explored in the article. The interaction of international and national law in this area is characterized. The reform of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is a long process and has been going on for more than twenty years. The reform is conditioned by the need to create a combat-ready armed forces that will perform the tasks of Ukraine's defense. A feature of reforming this area is the implementation of the provisions of the standards of such an international organization as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. This determines the interaction of national and international law. The Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Ukraine and the other international treaties between NATO and Ukraine are international legal sources regulating the reform of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Laws of Ukraine «On the Armed Forces of Ukraine», «On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Military Standards», the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine, the Military Doctrine of Ukraine and other regulations are domestic sources of legal regulation of defense sector reform. Based on the analysis of these documents, the author claims that one of the important directions in the reform of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is the implementation of NATO standards. The provisions of NATO standards are not directly applicable and are subject to implementation in Ukrainian law. Ukraine is not a member of multilateral agreements within NATO, but bilateral agreements with the Alliance regulate cooperation in the implementation of NATO Standards in Ukraine. The practice of implementing NATO legal provisions helps to avoid legal conflicts in the regulation of the defense sphere, which may arise due to the regulation by international acts of army reform.
Peculiarities of administrative and legal work on counteraction to offenses committed by minors in the field of drug trafficking
Authors: Dashutin I.V. , Tenytska I.A.
Published: August 2021

Illicit use of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors is dangerous to human health and society. This causes changes in behavior, emotional state and can cause severe psychological disorders. It also undermines the social structure of the community. Due to their effect on the brain, drugs can be addictive, leading to loss of interest in many areas of life. Drugs are under national and international control to prevent the negative health and social consequences of drug abuse. Given the fact that minors are important stakeholders in the system of state policy to combat drug use and distribution, there is no doubt that there are certain specific features of drug addiction among minors depending on the country's geographical location, drug policy, drug or psychotropic substance sales and cultural factor. For example, drug-addicted juveniles are addressed at the state level, such policies are aimed at responding quickly to the increasing number of juvenile crimes committed by juveniles in society, and it is young people who are often the focus of drug policy decisions. There are a number of initiatives and activities aimed at better understanding the specifics of drug use among young people. However, the analysis of minors' opinions and ideas about programs and control measures aimed at reducing the harm caused by drug use is currently limited. As in all areas of public policy, adequate consultation with all relevant stakeholders is an important part of the process of effectively developing measures to combat drug trafficking. Therefore, the main administrative and legal measures to combat juvenile delinquency in relation to illicit trafficking, use and distribution of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors were identified. The main authorized subjects and their role in the development and implementation of effective measures of administrative and legal nature to reduce the use, distribution and circulation of drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors among minors are also identified.
Cross-cutting criminal law concepts: some issues on definition and interpretation
Authors: Lysko T.D. , Kyrychenko V.V.
Published: August 2021

The article analyses the problem of interpretation of cross-cutting criminal law concepts in the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The urgency of the study is due to the rapid reform of criminal law of Ukraine and the need to create a sustainable and high-quality conceptual framework of criminal law. In accordance with the tasks set in the article, the state of theoretical developments in the field of interpretation of cross-cutting criminal law concepts, their practical implementation and implementation in legislation was analysed. The article identifies the importance of universal interpretation of crosscutting criminal law concepts to ensure the rule of law and the implementation of state-guaranteed human rights. Prospects for the development of criminal law through the creation of an official interpretation of the conceptual apparatus of the Criminal Code of Ukraine were studied. The study was based on the work of legal scholars, as well as the practice of national law and the conclusions of the European Court of Human Rights. The article used the dialectical method as a general method of scientific cognition, by means of which social relations and phenomena that are the subject of research were studied in their interaction and complementarity. The method of analysis was used to determine the essence and content of the problem of interpretation of cross-cutting criminal law concepts. The results of the study identified ways to overcome the problem of interpretation of cross-cutting criminal law concepts and prospects for further development of criminal legislation in the presence of a stable conceptual apparatus. The obtained results allowed to made recommendations for practical improvement of the criminal legislation of Ukraine.
The state of scientific research on the problems of investigation of criminal offenses related to violations of safety rules in the coal industry
Authors: Bezhynskyi Yu. S.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the state of scientific development of problems of investigation of criminal offenses related to violations of safety rules at the coal industry enterprises. On the basis of the conducted analysis the source base is systematized according to chronological and other criteria, having established their scientific and practical value for development of bases of methodic of investigation of criminal offences of the named category. The scientific literature devoted to the investigation of criminal offenses related to violations of safety rules in the coal industry, is divided into four groups on a chronological basis: the first – the literature published before 1953; the second – sources of years 1954-1991; the third is for publications of the postSoviet period (1991-2012), the fourth is the latest literature published after adoption of current Criminal procedure code of Ukraine in 2012. The author notes that in modern forensic science there is a sufficient array of literary sources, which allows in-depth disclosure of the subject of this study. However, given the presence of scientific and technological progress in the mining industry, the relevant forensic recommendations need to consider the renewal of production processes. Therefore, there is a need to adapt forensic programs to existing technological regulations. The methodics of investigation of criminal offenses related to safety violations in the coal industry should be based on industry, field of production, which gives grounds to define it as a separate intraspecific forensic methodics. Given the blanket nature of the dispositions of criminal law, which provide liability for violation of safety rules in the mining industry, a separate methodology of investigation should implement the provisions of current legislation in terms of intersectoral and sectoral safety rules. In addition, these forensic recommendations should be developed taking into account the production processes, which are constantly evolving.
The problem of the actual replacement of private property rights by rights of use in Ukraine: status and prospects
Authors: Rudenko L.D. , Orlov O.L.
Published: August 2021

The article has substantiated the process of the de facto replacement of the right of private property by the rights of use; distinguished stages in the development of the private property institution in Ukraine; specified grounds for the emergence and termination of the right of private property and the rights of use; refined sense and scope of responsibility of the private owner and the holder;identified the main instrument of substitution of the right of private property by the rights of use; traced preconditions for passing inconsistent judgements on property protection by the ECHR; and analyzed possible consequences of further substitution of the right of private property by the rights of use. Regard to findings of the study it was considered about instability of the private property institution; identity between unofficial grounds for the termination of the right of private property and unofficial grounds for the emergence of the rights of use; existence of the direct threat to owner status in Ukraine; absence of legal grounds for increasing the sense of owner responsibility, including taxation of the private property; transformation of the feudal law into the modern rights of use combined with the right of possession; possibility of establishing a real type of polity and prospects for its development by ways of regulation of the ownership relations. The article has also considered about creating preconditions for restoring the feudal law and replacing democratic polity by a monarchy in Ukraine and other countries owing to severe restrictions on the right of private property, above all, through taxation of the privateproperty, and its de facto replacementby the rights of use.