bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A narrative overview of undergraduate geriatric medicine education worldwide
Authors: Pearson Grace M. E. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Henderson Emily J.
Published: September 2024

There is a mismatch between the healthcare needs of the ageing population worldwide and the amount of education medical students receive in geriatric medicine. In 2014, Mateos-Nozal et al. published a systematic review of all undergraduate education surveys in geriatric medicine—a decade on, it is timely for an up-to-date overview of the state of undergraduate geriatric medicine education globally. In this review, we outline the international evidence in the field, exploring the results of national and multi-national teaching surveys, and discussing the relative strengths and weaknesses of nationally recommended curricula. We set these findings in the context of ageing population demographics, concluding with recommendations for the future of education and educational research in geriatric medicine, that aims to build capacity in the healthcare workforce and improve quality of care for older people.
Performance of the SARC-F, SARC-CalF, and calf circumference for sarcopenia case finding in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Kerminen Hanna , Jyväkorpi Satu , Urtamo Annele , Huhtala Heini , Öhman Hanna , Calvani Riccardo , Marzetti Emanuele , Pitkälä Kaisu , Strandberg Timo
Published: September 2024

Purpose

We compared the performance of SARC-F, SARC-CalF, calf circumference (CC), and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted CC for sarcopenia case-finding in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

Data of Finnish participants (women/men n = 192/36, mean age (SD) of 76.9 (4.8) years) recruited in the SPRINTT trial (NCT02582138) were used. Sarcopenia was determined as a combination of low muscle function (chair-stand-test) and low appendicular lean mass (ALM) detected by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Associations of case-finding tools with sarcopenia were analysed using ROC curves and logistic regression.

Results

The rates of probable and confirmed sarcopenia were 95% and 18% in women and 94% and 36% in men, respectively. Performance of CC for sarcopenia (women AUC 0.85 [95% CI 0.78–0.92]/ men 0.85 [95% CI 0.71–1.0]) was superior to that of other tools; (AUC in women/men for SARC-F was 0.57/0.50, for SARC-CalF 0.76/0.79, and for BMI-adjusted CC 0.68/0.66). The best performance was found for a CC cut-off point of ≤ 34 cm in women with sensitivity/specificity 82.4/75.3% and ≤ 36 cm in men with sensitivity/specificity 76.9/87.0%. For each cm decrease in CC, adjusted for age and BMI, there was a 30% increase in the odds of sarcopenia in women (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09─1.56). Although there was a similar pattern in men, the results did not reach statistical significance (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.84- 2.14).

Conclusions

CC was superior to other tools for sarcopenia case-finding. The best performance was found for a CC cut-off point of ≤ 34 cm in women and ≤ 36 cm in men.
Novel findings on the mitochondria in ciliates, with description of mitochondrial genomes of six representatives
Authors: Zhang Tengteng , Fu Jinyu , Li Chao , Gong Ruitao , Al-Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Stover Naomi A. , Shao Chen , Cheng Ting
Published: September 2024

Determining and comparing mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are essential for assessing the diversity and evolution of mitochondria. Ciliates are ancient and diverse unicellular eukaryotes, and thus are ideal models for elucidating the early evolution of mitochondria. Here, we report on six new mitogenomes of spirotrichs, a dominant ciliate group, and perform comparative analyses on 12 representative species. We show that: (1) the mitogenomes of spirotrichs are linear structures with high A+T contents (61.12–81.16%), bidirectional transcription, and extensive synteny (except for the nad5, ccmf and cob genes in Euplotia); (2) the non-split of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (nad2) is a plesiomorphy of ciliates, whereas it has evolved into a split gene in Spirotrichea (apart from Euplotes taxa), Oligohymenophorea, and Armophorea; (3) the number of small subunit ribosomal proteins (rps) encoded in mitogenomes increases in the later branching classes of ciliates, whereas rps8 shows a loss trend during the evolution of Euplotes taxa; (4) the mitogenomes of spirotrichs exhibit A/T codon bias at the third position, and the codon bias is mainly due to DNA mutation in oligotrichs, hypotrichs and Diophrys appendiculata; (5) the phylogenetic position of D. appendiculata is unstable and controversial based on both phylogenetic analyses and mitogenome evidence. In summary, we investigated the mitogenome diversity of spirotrichs and broadened our understanding of the evolution of mitochondria in ciliates.
Shear behavior of RC beams with openings under impact loads: unveiling the effects of HSC and RECC
Authors: Saad Ahmad G. , Sakr Mohammed A. , Khalifa Tarek M. , Darwish Esam A.
Published: September 2024

Incorporating transverse openings in reinforced concrete (RC) beams reduces their load-bearing capacity and stiffness, making them prone to premature failure. This highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of their behavior to ensure structural integrity, particularly under impact loads. This research delves into a relatively unexplored area, investigating the impact performance of RC beams containing openings through numerical analysis. By comparing different concrete types, the study seeks to identify optimal materials for such applications. The concrete damage plasticity model, accounting for strain rate effects, will be employed to simulate the material behavior of normal-strength concrete (NSC), high-strength concrete (HSC), and a novel eco-friendly alternative: rubberized engineered cementitious composite (RECC). RECC incorporates recycled tire rubber as a partial substitute for traditional concrete aggregates, offering a sustainable solution while mitigating environmental hazards associated with waste tire incineration. The finite element models are validated with experimental results, accurately predicting ultimate capacities, failure modes, and post-cracking response in RC beams (with/without openings) under static/impact loads. A comprehensive parametric analysis investigates the effects of concrete strength, impact energy, impactor mass, drop height, and opening location, providing valuable insights into how these factors influence the impact behavior under drop-weight testing. The results reveal that openings in RC beams under impact loads significantly reduce strength and stiffness, with detrimental effects observed for dual shear-zone openings. Surprisingly, a small mid-span opening can enhance impact response. HSC beams exhibit lower initial displacements but higher residual values, while RECC improves overall behavior in beams with openings, reducing maximum displacement and promoting energy dissipation for improved post-impact recovery.
Deciphering the roles of bacterial and fungal communities in the formation and quality of agarwood
Authors: Fu Chen-Chen , Huang Bao-Xing , Wang Shan-Shan , Song Yu-Chen , Metok Dolkar , Tan Yu-Xiang , Fan Tai-Ping , Fernie Alisdair R. , Zargar Meisam , Wang Yan , Chen Mo-Xian , Yu Liang-Wen , Zhu Fu-Yuan
Published: September 2024

Aquilaria sinensis is a significant resin-producing plant worldwide that is crucial for agarwood production. Agarwood has different qualities depending on the method with which it is formed, and the microbial community structures that are present during these methods are also diverse. Furthermore, the microbial communities of plants play crucial roles in determining their health and productivity. While previous studies have investigated the impact of microorganisms on agarwood formation, they lack comprehensiveness, particularly regarding the properties of the microbial community throughout the entire process from seedling to adult to incense formation. We collected roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and other tissues from seedlings, healthy plants and agarwood-producing plants to address this gap and assess the dominant bacterial species in the microbial community structures of A. sinensis at different growth stages and their impacts on growth and agarwood formation. The bacteria and fungi in these tissues were classified and counted from different perspectives. The samples were sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform, and sequence analyses and species annotations were performed using a range of bioinformatics tools to assess the plant community compositions. An additional comparison of the samples was conducted using diversity analyses to assess their differences. This research revealed that Listeria, Kurtzmanomyces, Ascotaiwania, Acinetobacter, Sphingobium, Fonsecaea, Acrocalymma, Allorhizobium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Peethambara, and Debaryomyces are potentially associated with the formation of agarwood. Overall, the data provided in this article help us understand the important roles played by bacteria and fungi in the growth and agarwood formation process of A. sinensis, will support the theoretical basis for the large-scale cultivation of A. sinensis, and provide a basis for further research on microbial community applications in agarwood production and beyond.
The cost of virtual interviews; more than just the money
Authors: Quinn Kristen M. , Runge Louis T. , Streck Christian J. , Donahue Colleen A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in travel restrictions to limit virus transmission, altering the residency interview process across the country. While the transition to virtual interviews has the potential benefit of convenience and cost savings, concerns remain about the impact on applicants’ ability to distinguish programs. We sought to understand individual applicant motivations when presented with the opportunity to interview in-person or virtually and the associated costs.

Methods

An anonymous, voluntary, mixed-methods survey was distributed to all US allopathic medical school general surgery applicants who applied to our program in the 2023 cycle. The primary outcome was identifying factors that impacted the decision to interview either in-person or virtually. Secondary outcomes included costs associated with the entire interview process, including travel for away rotations, in-person interviews, and program second looks.

Results

155 (21.3%) applicants completed the survey. The average number of interviews completed was 14.2 ± 6.25. Females completed more interviews than males (14.9, 12.6, p = 0.047). Respondents accepted a mean of 89% of virtual interviews offered. 73% of applicants selected to complete at least one interview in-person. Top reasons for electing in-person interviews were to gain a stronger impression of the program (64%), make a greater impression of the program (50%), and strength of interest in the program (64%). Top factors for choosing virtual interviews were decreased costs (64%), less travel time (53%), and the ability to complete more interviews (53%). 58% of applicants planned to visit at least one program in-person post-interview. The mean total cost of interviews was $122 for virtual and $358 for in-person. Travel for a “second look” visit cost $279. 53% of respondents completed an away rotation, spending an average of $1688 per away rotation.

Conclusion

When presented with the option, applicants chose to interview in-person because of a mutual feeling of portraying and receiving a stronger impression. Candidates chose virtual due to cost reduction and the ability to complete more interviews. The financial savings of virtual interviews should be examined in the context of increased applications, increased interviews, post-interview travel or "second look" experiences, and costs associated with away rotations. Future work is needed to elucidate the role of in-person contact or away rotations on the likelihood of an applicant to interview and match in a largely virtual interview era.
Stability of step size control based on a posteriori error estimates
Authors: Ranocha Hendrik , Giesselmann Jan
Published: September 2024

A posteriori error estimates based on residuals can be used for reliable error control of numerical methods. Here, we consider them in the context of ordinary differential equations and Runge-Kutta methods. In particular, we take the approach of Dedner & Giesselmann (2016) and investigate it when used to select the time step size. We focus on step size control stability when combined with explicit Runge-Kutta methods and demonstrate that a standard I controller is unstable while more advanced PI and PID controllers can be designed to be stable. We compare the stability properties of residual-based estimators and classical error estimators based on an embedded Runge-Kutta method both analytically and in numerical experiments.
Machine learning and domain decomposition methods - a survey
Authors: Klawonn Axel , Lanser Martin , Weber Janine
Published: September 2024

Hybrid algorithms, which combine black-box machine learning methods with experience from traditional numerical methods and domain expertise from diverse application areas, are progressively gaining importance in scientific machine learning and various industrial domains, especially in computational science and engineering. In the present survey, several promising avenues of research will be examined which focus on the combination of machine learning (ML) and domain decomposition methods (DDMs). The aim of this survey is to provide an overview of existing work within this field and to structure it into domain decomposition for machine learning and machine learning-enhanced domain decomposition, including: domain decomposition for classical machine learning, domain decomposition to accelerate the training of physics-aware neural networks, machine learning to enhance the convergence properties or computational efficiency of DDMs, and machine learning as a discretization method in a DDM for the solution of PDEs. In each of these fields, we summarize existing work and key advances within a common framework and, finally, discuss ongoing challenges and opportunities for future research.
Primary cutaneous scrotal angiosarcoma; a case report and literature review
Authors: Hamdy Omar , Ragab Dina , Farouk Bassante , Allam Mennatalla Mahmoud , Asy Rawan Abo , Saleh Gehad Ahmad , Mohamed Mie A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a malignant, aggressive, vascular tumor that usually arises in association with prior radiation and chronic lymphedema. A primary cutaneous angiosarcoma originating in the scrotum is extremely rare, with few previous cases reported in the literature.

Case presentation

We report a 43-year-old man who presented with a unilateral scrotal lesion. The diagnosis of cutaneous angiosarcoma was confirmed by microscopic examination which revealed multiple vascular spaces lined by atypical cells, wide areas of necrosis were also seen. Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity for ERG, focal positivity for CD31, and negative staining for CK, CD34, desmin, S100, SMA, and HHV8. Excision of the right hemiscrotum was performed with no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis in the following eleven months.

Conclusion

This is the first reported case of primary scrotal cutaneous angiosarcoma without identifiable risk factors. Despite its rarity, cutaneous symptoms on the scrotum should be investigated for the potential of a scrotal angiosarcoma.
Breast cancer: agreement between residual tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy measurement with different imaging methods and the histological data
Authors: Fattacciu Liala M. , Pinna Claudia , Fancellu Alessandro , Piscopo Leandra , Conti Ilaria , Solinas Maria Giuliana , Assenza Andrea , Scaglione Mariano , Masala Salvatore
Published: September 2024

Background

The evaluation of residual tumor size post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) could have an impact on surgical planning. Accurate measurement may avoid overly radical surgery or reduce the need for repeat surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the size of residual tumor after NAC using mammography and ultrasound or MRI and thereby establish which imaging method shows most agreement with histological result.

Methods

Data from 125 patients, from 40 to 86 years old, with primary breast cancer and indication for neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed in a retrospective study. All patients underwent conventional imaging (mammography and ultrasound) or MRI in addition to conventional imaging, after NAC and before surgery. Intra-class correlation (ICC) was calculated, and a Bland–Altman plot was used to determine the agreement between imaging residual tumor size (from US/mammography and MRI) and histological residual tumor size. The results were divided into the groups: invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) + ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and “other tumors” (i.e., mucinous carcinoma).

Results

Of 125 analyzed patients, 44 (34.65%) underwent MRI and 81 (65.35%) had conventional imaging only. Agreement between residual tumor size founded on MRI and histological size is stronger than the data from conventional imaging.

Conclusions

MRI performance was generally superior to conventional imaging, and it may be considered the most appropriate test to evaluate the residual tumor size post-NAC before surgery.
Clinical implications of admission and follow-up urea-to-creatinine ratio in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Moubarez Doaa Atef , Fathelbab Hany Tawfik , Mohammed El-Sayed Abd- Elhalim , Elsawy Ahmed Samir
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients with a poor renal function have a worse prognosis. The urea-to-creatinine ratio (UCR) may be a valuable tool for assessing kidney function and stratifying patients with ADHF. We evaluated the value of an admission and follow-up UCR in predicting AKI, 28-day mortality, and rehospitalization in patients with ADHF.

Methods

This prospective research comprised sixty patients with ADHF. Based on the mean admission UCR, patients are classified into two groups: the high UCR group (UCR ≥ 42.33) and the low UCR group (UCR < 42.33). On the third day, they are categorized into high UCR and low UCR groups according to the same mean of UCR (42.33). A 28-day follow-up was implemented.

Results

Thirty patients (50%) developed AKI, and nine (15%) died during follow-up. In the high UCR group, the development of AKI was considerably more significant than in the low UCR group on the 3rd day (69.2% vs. 35.2%, respectively, p = 0.010). Furthermore, the high UCR group experienced a higher death rate than the low UCR group on the 3rd day (26.9% vs. 5.8%, respectively, p = 0.024). A considerable statistical correlation was reported between UCR and eGFR on the 3rd day (p = 0.025). According to ROC, UCR on the 3rd day was a significant predictor of AKI and 28-day mortality in these patients ((AUC = 0.736 and 0.718, respectively). In contrast, UCR on admission was not a predictor of AKI or 28-day mortality (p = 0.578 and 0.305, respectively). Also, neither admission nor 3rd day UCR could predict HF readmission (p = 0.108 and 0.298, respectively). By the Kaplan–Meier curve, survival rates were highest when UCR ≤ 34.85 and reduced when UCR > 34.85 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The follow-up UCR is a good predictor of AKI development and elevated 28-day mortality in ADHF patients. Considering its simplicity, this biomarker should be used more systematically in clinical practice.
Optimal defined-contribution pension management with financial and mortality risks
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Wei Pengyu
Published: September 2024

This paper studies optimal defined-contribution (DC) pension management under stochastic interest rates and expected inflation. In addition to financial risk, we consider the risk of pre-retirement death and introduce life insurance to the pension account as an option to manage this risk. We formulate this pension management problem as a random horizon utility maximization problem and derive its explicit solution under the assumption of constant relative risk aversion utility. We calibrate our model to the U.S. data and demonstrate that the pension member’s demand for life insurance has a hump-shaped pattern with age and a U-shaped pattern with the real interest rate and expected inflation. The optimal pension account balance in our model resembles a variable annuity, wherein the death benefits are endogenously determined and depend on various factors including age, mortality, account balance, future contributions, preferences, and market conditions. Our study suggests that offering variable annuities with more flexible death benefits within the DC account could better cater to the bequest demands of its members.
An analytical model for the slip velocity of particles in turbulence
Authors: Berk Tim , Coletti Filippo
Published: September 2024

Predicting the magnitude of the slip velocity of non-tracer particles with respect to the surrounding fluid is crucial to address both fundamental and practical questions involving dispersed turbulent flows. Here we derive an analytical model to predict the slip velocity of spherical particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. We modulate the particle equation of motion according to the inertial filtering framework, and obtain closed-form expressions for the mean slip velocity magnitude as a function of the governing parameters. These are compared against laboratory measurements and direct numerical simulations, demonstrating close agreement for both light and heavy particles, both smaller and larger than the Kolmogorov scales. The predictive value of the model and its implications are discussed, as well as the range of validity of the underlying assumptions.
The velocity-space signature of transit-time damping
Authors: Huang Rui , Howes Gregory G. , McCubbin Andrew J.
Published: September 2024

Transit-time damping (TTD) is a process in which the magnetic mirror force – induced by the parallel gradient of magnetic field strength – interacts with resonant plasma particles in a time-varying magnetic field, leading to the collisionless damping of electromagnetic waves and the resulting energization of those particles through the perpendicular component of the electric field,

$E_\perp$

. In this study, we utilize the recently developed field–particle correlation technique to analyse gyrokinetic simulation data. This method enables the identification of the velocity-space structure of the TTD energy transfer rate between waves and particles during the damping of plasma turbulence. Our analysis reveals a unique bipolar pattern of energy transfer in the velocity-space characteristic of TTD. By identifying this pattern, we provide clear evidence of TTD's significant role in the damping of strong plasma turbulence. Additionally, we compare the TTD signature with that of Landau damping (LD). Although they both produce a bipolar pattern of phase-space energy density loss and gain about the parallel resonant velocity of the Alfvénic waves, they are mediated by different forces and exhibit different behaviours as the perpendicular velocity

$v_\perp \to 0$

. We also explore how the dominant damping mechanism varies with ion plasma beta

$\beta _i$

, showing that TTD dominates over LD for

$\beta _i > 1$

. This work deepens our understanding of the role of TTD in the damping of weakly collisional plasma turbulence and paves the way to seek the signature of TTD using in situ spacecraft observations of turbulence in space plasmas.
China's Antidumping Investigations against US Feed Products: Lessons from the Trenches
Authors: Lohmar Bryan
Published: September 2024

China has initiated three antidumping (AD) investigations against US feed products since 2010, despite clear mutual benefits from such exports from the US to China. This article provides a close examination of these investigations, what prompted them, how they were resolved, and the costs they imposed on importers and exporters. The article also describes the political economy around these investigations and how China's antidumping laws provide it with flexibility to manage these investigations. The article concludes that this flexibility makes China well-positioned to continue using AD investigations against some trade partners in the future, particularly if AD use continues to rise globally.
Populist attitudes and foreign policy postures: a comparative analysis of four European countries
Authors: Isernia Pierangelo , Mader Matthias , Martini Sergio , Radu Bogdan , Schoen Harald
Published: September 2024

This article explores how populist attitudes are correlated with foreign policy postures at the public level in four European countries: France, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy. We provide first evidence adjudicating between two rivalling perspectives. One perspective focuses on the ideational core of populism and argues that it entails substantive beliefs and values that may inform foreign policy preferences – just like any other ideology. Another perspective focuses on the thin-centredness of populism and argues that no policy implications can be derived from populist ideas. Analysing original survey data, we find strong and consistent associations of populist attitudes with two foreign policy postures, militant internationalism and isolationism, and weaker and less systematic associations with two others, cooperative internationalism and global justice orientations. Importantly, these patterns are independent of host ideologies. We discuss the implications of these findings for the question of how “thick” populism is and what that may mean for the politics of (European) foreign policies in times of a continuing populist Zeitgeist.
Human embryos harbor complex mosaicism with broad presence of aneuploid cells during early development
Authors: Zhai Fan , Kong Siming , Song Shi , Guo Qianying , Ding Ling , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Nan , Kuo Ying , Guan Shuo , Yuan Peng , Yan Liying , Yan Zhiqiang , Qiao Jie
Published: September 2024

Pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is used in approximately half of in vitro fertilization cycles. Given the limited understanding of the genetics of human embryos, the current use of PGT-A is based on biologically uncertain assumptions and unvalidated guidelines, leading to the possibility of disposing of embryos with pregnancy potential. We isolated and sequenced all single cells (1133) from in vitro cultured 20 human blastocysts. We found that all blastocysts exhibited mosaicism with mitotic-induced aneuploid cells and showed an ~25% aneuploidy rate per embryo. Moreover, 70% (14/20) of blastocysts contained ‘chromosome-complementary’ cells, suggesting genetic mosaicism is underestimated in routine PGT-A. Additionally, the analysis of 20,945 single cells from day 8–14 embryos (in vitro cultured) and embryonic/fetal organs showed that 97% of the analyzed embryos/organs were mosaic. Over 96% of their aneuploid cells harbored ≤ 2 chromosome errors. Our findings have revealed a high prevalence of mosaicism in human embryos.
Electronic response of a Mott insulator at a current-induced insulator-to-metal transition
Authors: Suen C. T. , Marković I. , Zonno M. , Heinsdorf N. , Zhdanovich S. , Jo N. H. , Schmid M. , Hansmann P. , Puphal P. , Fürsich K. , Smit S. , Au-Yeung C. , Zimmermann V. , Zwartsenberg B. , Krautloher M. , Elfimov I. S. , Koch R. , Gorovikov S. , Jozwiak C. , Bostwick A. , Franz M. , Rotenberg Eli , Keimer B. , Damascelli A.
Published: September 2024

The Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 exhibits an insulator-to-metal transition induced by d.c. current. Despite the thorough examination of the structural changes associated with this transition, a comprehensive knowledge of the response of electronic degrees of freedom is still lacking. Here we demonstrate current-induced modifications of the electronic states of Ca2RuO4. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in conjunction with four-probe electrical transport (transport-ARPES) measurements reveal a clear reduction of the Mott gap and a modification in the dispersion of the Ru bands. Based on a free-energy analysis, we show that the current-induced phase is electronically distinct from the high-temperature zero-current metallic phase. Our results highlight strong interplay of lattice- and orbital-dependent electronic responses in the current-driven insulator-to-metal transition.
New insights into the phylogeny of Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) with the description of three new species
Authors: Jouladeh-Roudbar Arash , Kaya Cüneyt , Vatandoust Saber , Ghanavi Hamid Reza
Published: September 2024

Fishes from the genus Carasobarbus, widely distributed throughout the river systems of North Africa and West Asia, are commonly referred to as Himris. In the Persian Gulf basin, they are widespread and are also found in fast-flowing rivers or the deeper regions of lakes. In this region, representation of these fishes in scientific collections is scarce, and except for C. luteus, the other species are very poorly documented and frequently misidentified due to their similarities. In this study we analysed the relationships among Carasobarbus species using mitochondrial genes (Cyt b, COI) and present morphological characters based on examinations. Our results revealed three new species which we describe here. Carasobarbus doadrioi, new species, is distinguished by 40–44 scales on the lateral line and a prominent black blotch on end of caudal peduncle in specimens < 85 mm SL. Carasobarbus hajhosseini, new species is distinguished by 32–34 scales on the lateral line and long head length (20–24% SL). Carasobarbus saadatii, new species, is distinguished by 38–40 scales on the lateral line and short head length (19–20% HL). In the Persian Gulf basin, Carasobarbus species exhibit uncorrected genetic distances of 1.6 to 5.5% in the COI barcode region and 2.6% to 9.9% in the Cyt b gene. This study highlights the importance of investigating the unexplored diversity that exists within poorly sampled and understudied freshwater fish group. Such investigations are essential for developing a comprehensive understanding of the true extent of biodiversity, which is critical for informing effective conservation and protection strategies.
The role of facial cues in signalling cooperativeness is limited and nuanced
Authors: Lohse Johannes , Sanchez-Pages Santiago , Turiegano Enrique
Published: September 2024

Humans display a remarkable tendency to cooperate with strangers; however, identifying prospective cooperation partners accurately before entering any new relationship is essential to mitigate the risk of being exploited. Visual appearance, as inferrable, for example, from facial images on job portals and dating sites, may serve as a potential signal of cooperativeness. This experimental study examines whether static images enable the correct detection of an individual’s propensity to cooperate. Participants first played the Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) game, a standard cooperation task. Subsequently, they were asked to predict the cooperativeness of participants from a prior PD study relying solely on their static facial photographs. While our main results indicate only marginal accuracy improvements over random guessing, a more detailed analysis reveals that participants were more successful at identifying cooperative tendencies similar to their own. Despite no detectable main effect in our primary treatment variations (time pressure versus time delay), participants exhibited increased accuracy in identifying male cooperators under time pressure. These findings point towards a limited yet nuanced role of static facial images in predicting cooperativeness, advancing our understanding of non-behavioral cues in cooperative interactions.
Influence of sustainable waste granite, marble and nano-alumina additives on ordinary concretes: a physical, structural, and radiological study
Authors: Mahmoud Alaa A. , El-Sayed Alaa A. , Aboraya Ayman M. , Fathy Islam N. , Abouelnour Mohamed A. , Nabil Islam M.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the individual and combined effects of enhancing the radiation shielding properties of waste concrete using the optimal mix design of two waste material powders of different compositions. Marble (MD) and granite (GD) waste dust were individually utilized as partial replacements for cement at a replacement ratio of 6%. Furthermore, two additional mixes were prepared by incorporating 1% by cement weight of nano alumina (NA) to enhance the microstructure of the studied waste concrete. The MGA-concrete was analyzed using X-ray Fluorescence, Energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscope techniques. The radiation shielding assets of the examined Concrete samples, such as the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), half value layer (H1/2), tenth value layer (T1/10), and fast neutron removal cross-section were evaluated using the MCS5 Monte Carlo simulation algorithm and Phy-X software. The results showed that the linear attenuation for the GMN-concretes’ order is CO < MD < GD < NA < MD + NA < GD + NA. The GD + Na concrete sample presents the best neutron performance. The studied GMN-concrete samples provide the best protection against γ-rays and fast neutrons. Lastly, the excellent performance of the mixes of waste Granite, Marble, and Nano-Alumina on ordinary would pave the way for their employment as radiation shielding in various nuclear and medical facilities.
Rapid detection of Impatiens necrotic spot virus from thrips vectors using reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Zhang Shulu , Hladky Laura L. , Hasegawa Daniel K.
Published: September 2024

The plant virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), is an economically important pathogen of vegetables, fruits, and ornamental crops. INSV is vectored by the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, a small insect pest that is globally distributed. In recent years, INSV outbreaks have reached epidemic levels in the Salinas Valley of California—an agriculturally rich region where most of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is produced in the United States. Due to the obligate nature in which virus transmission occurs, new tools that could rapidly detect INSV from thrips vectors would enhance our ability to predict where virus outbreaks may occur. Here, we report on the development of a reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay that can detect INSV from individual thrips. The assay uses crude extraction methods, is performed at a single temperature of 42 °C, can be completed in 25 min, and provides sensitivity levels that are comparable to other available detection methods. When the assay was used on field populations of thrips, INSV was successfully identified and quantified from individual larvae and adults. The work provides a new cost-effective surveillance tool that can rapidly detect INSV from its insect vector and from plants.
Association of female sex with cataract surgery in the general population but not in plaque brachytherapy-treated uveal melanoma patients
Authors: Hagström Anna , Sabazade Shiva , Gill Viktor , Stålhammar Gustav
Published: September 2024

Cataract is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, necessitating a deeper understanding of its risk factors. We analyzed two cohorts: 1000 individuals from the general Swedish population and 933 patients who received plaque brachytherapy for uveal melanoma. Using Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence analyses, as well as Cox and competing risk regressions, we assessed whether there is a relationship between sex and cataract surgery. In the general population, female sex was a significant risk factor for cataract surgery, with a 10-year incidence of 16% compared to 10% for males (subdistribution hazard ratio adjusted for age, 1.35, P < 0.001). In the brachytherapy cohort, female sex was not associated with an increased incidence of cataract surgery, with a 10-year incidence of 25% versus 23% for males (HR 1.08, P = 0.61). Visual acuity at the time of cataract surgery did not significantly differ between sexes in either cohort, suggesting that differences in surgery rates are not due to health-seeking behavior or surgery assessment thresholds. These findings indicate that female sex is associated with a higher risk of cataract surgery in the general population, but not among those treated with plaque brachytherapy for uveal melanoma.
Assessment of spectral ghost artifacts in echo-planar spectroscopic micro-imaging with flyback readout
Authors: Weis Jan , Babos Magor , Estrada Sergio , Selvaraju Ram Kumar
Published: September 2024

In this work, echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) with flyback readout gradient-echo train was implemented in a preclinical MR scanner. The aim of this study is to visualize and quantify the ghost spectral lines produced by two, three and four interleaved echo trains with different amplitudes of the readout gradients, and to investigate the feasibility of the flyback data acquisition in micro-imaging of small animals. Applied multi-slice EPSI sequence utilizes asymmetric gradient-echo train that combines the shortest possible rewind gradients with readout gradients. It simplifies data processing because all echoes are acquired with the same polarity of the readout gradient. The approach with four interleaved gradient-echo trains and with four echoes in each train provides broad spectral bandwidth in combination with narrow receiver bandwidth and a good water-fat signal separation. It improves signal-to-noise ratio without the undesired consequence of water-fat shift artifacts that are eliminated during data processing. Position, number, and intensity of the ghost spectral lines can be controlled by the suitable choice of spectral bandwidth, number of echo train interleaves, and the number of echoes in each interleave. This study demonstrates that high-spatial resolution EPSI with interleaved flyback readout gradient-echo trains is feasible on standard preclinical scanners.
Metal chelation as an antibacterial strategy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Golden Martina M. , Heppe Amelia C. , Zaremba Cassandra L. , Wuest William M.
Published: September 2024

A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa pose serious concerns due to heighted multi-drug resistance. A novel method to reduce bacterial virulence and enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics may be achieved by disrupting native metal homeostasis.
An unexpected imidazole-induced porphyrinylphosphonate-based MOF-to-HOF structural transformation leading to the enhancement of proton conductivity
Authors: Zhigileva Ekaterina A. , Enakieva Yulia Yu. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Senchikhin Ivan N. , Demina Liudmila I. , Martynov Alexander G. , Stenina Irina A. , Yaroslavtsev Andrey B. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu.
Published: September 2024

The modification of a novel metal–organic framework IPCE-1Pd by imidazole vapor led to an unexpected transformation into a hydrogen-bonded framework, IPCE-1Pd_Im, with high proton conductivity (up to 6.54 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 85 °C and 95% humidity).
Effects of varying nano-ZnO concentrations on the physiology, biochemistry, root exudate, and root microbial community of Agrostis stolonifera
Authors: Wang Yian , Wang Ronghui , He Jiale , Li Tao , Fu Xinyue , Li Jiaxin , He Genhe
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the adsorption and transport of nano-ZnO in Agrostis stolonifera, focusing on its effects on plant physiology, biochemistry, root exudate, and root microbial community.
Unveiling the stimulatory effect of silicon nanoparticles on the direct regeneration and micro-structural developments in Cadaba trifoliata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.
Authors: Manokari M. , Faisal Mohammad , Alatar Abdulrahman A. , Shekhawat Mahipal S.
Published: September 2024

Unveiling the stimulatory effect of silicon nanoparticles on direct regeneration and micro-structural developments in Cadaba trifoliata.
Reversible metal–organic polymer template for enhanced platinum nanoparticle self-assemblies and accelerated POD-like catalysis for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of multiple forms of mercury
Authors: Zhang Fan , Guo Tianyu , Feng Liwen , Lu Yaobin , Deng Jiewei , Luan Tiangang
Published: September 2024

A rapid and ultra-sensitive colorimetric method is constructed based on platinum nanoparticle assemblies for both mercury ions and total mercury detection in environmental water samples.
Self-assembly of hard anions around cationic gold nanorods: potential structures for SERS
Authors: Zeiri Offer , Hatzis Katherine M. , Gomez Maurea , Cook Emily A. , Kincanon Maegen , Murphy Catherine J.
Published: September 2024

A gold nanorod-polyoxometalte composite enhances SERS by combining electrostatic concentration of analyte and sequestration of it within the particle monolayer.
Cellulose nanomaterial metrology: microscopy measurements
Authors: Johnston Linda J.
Published: September 2024

Metrologically valid particle size distributions that include an estimated of uncertainty are needed to distinguish between cellulose nanomaterials prepared with different methods and from different cellulose sources.
Developments, challenges and future trends in advanced sustainable machining technologies for preparing array micro-holes
Authors: Liu Yang , Ouyang Pengfei , Zhang Zhaoyang , Zhu Hao , Chen Xiaolei , Wang Yufeng , Li Benkai , Xu Kun , Wang Jingtao , Lu Jinzhong
Published: September 2024

The use of array micro-holes is becoming increasingly prevalent across a range of industries, including the aerospace, automotive, electronics, medical and chemical industries.
Propargyl alcohol as an acrolein equivalent: synthesis of β-(3-indolyl)acroleins and β-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)acroleins
Authors: Bhawani  , Sonam  , Shinde Vikki N. , Swami Prakash N. , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Anil
Published: September 2024

A simple and efficient synthesis of β-(3-indolyl)acroleins and β-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)acroleins has been developed using propargyl alcohol as an acrolein synthon.
A tetranuclear-cluster-based MOF with a low-polarity pore environment for efficient C2H6/C2H4 separation
Authors: Feng Meng , Li Jiantang , Wang Xirong , Wang Jingyu , Wang Dongmei , Chen Banglin
Published: September 2024

Benefitting from reticular chemistry, the newly developed MOF material ZJNU-400 establishes a low-polarity environment that enables reversed ethane adsorption and facilitates the efficient separation of C2H6/C2H4.
Activation of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes under basic conditions: ring opening of 2-(p-siloxyaryl)cyclopropane 1,1-dicarboxylates with nitro compounds and other C-nucleophiles
Authors: Antonova Yulia A. , Tabolin Andrey A.
Published: September 2024

A new activation mode for donor–acceptor cyclopropanes was proposed and implemented in their reaction with nitro compounds and other common C-nucleophiles.
Synthesis and elucidation of strained galactopyronose esters as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: a comprehensive computational approach
Authors: Musa Mohammed Sakib , Miah Md. Sopon , Munni Yeasmin Akter , Patwary Md. Abdul Majed , Kazi Mohsin , Matin Mohammed Mahbubul
Published: September 2024

A novel class of SEs-based NSAIDs is produced by the synthesis and selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by strained acyl galactopyranoses.
Performance optimization of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells using cathode and full cell impregnation with La0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.7Nb0.1O3−δ electrode
Authors: Song Xin , Wang Che , Xu Na , Xu Zhanlin , Meng Junling
Published: September 2024

Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MSCs) are optimized via cathode and full-cell impregnation with La0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.7Nb0.1O3−δ (LSCFN). Full-cell impregnation enhances stability in CH4 and boosts performance. Analyses include EIS, XPS, and SEM.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of novel bis-quinolin-3-yl-chalcones
Authors: Chandrasekaran Indhu , Sarveswari S.
Published: September 2024

A novel synthesis of unsymmetrical bis-quinolines via Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction.
Photovoltaic properties of halide perovskites for solar cell application with efficiency greater than 18%
Authors: Mehmood Shahid , Khan Numan , Ali Zahid , Khan Imad , Alsalhi Sarah Abdullah
Published: September 2024

The opto-electronic properties and solar cell efficiency of halide perovskites A2LiInBr6 (A = Rb, Cs) are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) through WEIN2k and SCAPS-1D.
Evaluation and mechanistic analysis of the effect of the addition of alkaline earth metal CaO on Cd solidification enhancement in lightweight aggregate preparation
Authors: Gao Xin , Jian Shouwei , Lei Yuting , Li Baodong , Huang Jianxiang , Ma Xiaoyao , He Xinxin
Published: September 2024

CaO can effectively solidify Cd and optimize the structures of LWAs.
Improvement of adhesive properties of modified epoxy–novolac resin by acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber grafted poly(chromium methacrylate)
Authors: Han Hyok-Sim , Ju Kyong-Sik , Pak Hyon-Tae , U Kyun , Ri Yong-In
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this work was to improve the adhesive properties of modified epoxy–novolac resin by acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) grafted poly(chromium methacrylate).
Bridging host–guest chemistry with molecule chemistry-covalent organic polyrotaxanes (COPRs): from synthesis to inactivation of bacterial pathogens
Authors: Li Juan , Yuan Jingsong , Sun Guoli , Li Wentao , Hao Huihui , Zhou Baolong
Published: September 2024

Covalent organic polyrotaxanes (COPRs), have emerged as thriving artificial intelligent materials, amalgamating the rigid molecular chemistry with flexible supramolecular host–guest chemistry, adopting a “couple hardness with softness” strategy.
Syngas production from phenolic pollutants via a series of hydroxylation, ring cleavage, and aqueous-phase reforming catalyzed by a hydrotalcite-supported Fe–Mn–Ni alloy
Authors: Sudibyo Hanifrahmawan , Cabrera Daniela V. , Labatut Rodrigo , Supriyanto Calvin J. , Budhijanto Budhijanto , Widyaparaga Adhika
Published: September 2024

A trifunctional catalyst facilitating a series of hydroxylation, oxidative ring opening, and aqueous-phase reforming reactions was developed to convert phenolic wastewater into syngas.
Selective production of para-xylene from biomass-derived 2,5-dimethylfuran through tandem Diels–Alder/dehydration reactions with a bifunctional Ga,Al-zeolite catalyst
Authors: Kim Jaeyul , Han Sungmin , Rimer Jeffrey D.
Published: September 2024

Here we demonstrate that Ga,Al-*BEA zeolites are effective bifunctional catalysts for para-xylene (p-xylene) production from bio-derived 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) through tandem Diels–Alder/dehydration reactions.
Meditation bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen – ein Werkzeug zur Selbsthilfe
Authors: Vogt Eva
Published: September 2024

Eine Meditationsgruppe kann Menschen mit Abhängigkeitserkrankungen dabei helfen, ihre Sucht zu bewältigen und abstinent zu bleiben. Welche positiven Effekte das regelmäßige Meditieren hat und wie das Gruppenkonzept im Stationsalltag umgesetzt werden kann, erfahren Sie im Interventionskoffer.
Was das Herz erwärmt, wenn die Seele erkrankt – Selbstpflege von Menschen mit Schizophrenie
Authors: Richert Karl-Heinz , Jansen Heike , Rebafka Anne
Published: September 2024

Welche Bedeutung haben Selbstpflegehandlungen für Menschen mit einer psychischen Erkrankung? Diese Frage untersuchte eine Grounded-Theory-Studie am Beispiel von Menschen mit einer Schizophrenie. Ziel war es, zu verstehen, wie die Betroffenen ihr Wohlbefinden und ihre Selbstständigkeit durch Selbstpflege erhalten oder fördern können.
Förderung eines aktiven Lebensstils bei Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Morgenstern Ulrike , Bollen Zoe
Published: September 2024

Alterspsychiatrische Krankheiten nehmen zu und stellen die Gesellschaft vor wachsende Herausforderungen. Effektive Präventions- und Therapiemaßnahmen, die Symptome lindern und das Fortschreiten der Erkrankungen verlangsamen, sind dringend erforderlich. Körperliche Aktivität im Rahmen von aktivierender Pflege und Ergotherapie gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung – denn Bewegung kann demenzielle Erkrankungen beeinflussen. Welche präventiven Effekte regelmäßige Aktivierung hat und wie sie sich positiv auf den Erkrankungsverlauf auswirkt, untersuchte eine Studie.