bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conjectures of a Generalized Law of the Wall and a Structural Limitation for Classical Turbulence Models
Authors: Spalart Philippe
Published: November 2022

We call classical a transport model in which each governing equation comprises a production term proportional to velocity gradients, and terms such as diffusion and dissipation built from the internal quantities of the model and local. They may depend on the wall-normal coordinate y. We consider the layer along a wall in which the total shear stress is uniform, and y is much smaller than the thickness of the full wall layer. The Generalized Law of the Wall (GLW) states that every quantity Q in the model (e.g., dissipation, stresses) is the product of four quantities: powers of the friction velocity and y which satisfy dimensional analysis; a constant C of the model; and a function f of the wall distance y in wall units, which equals 1 outside the viscous and buffer layers. This is independent of any flow Reynolds number such as the friction Reynolds number in a channel, once it is large enough. In the widely accepted velocity law of the wall, the shear rate dU/dy satisfies such a law with C the inverse of the Karman constant. Both variables in the k-epsilon model also do. We cannot prove the GLW property as a theorem, but we provide extensive arguments to the effect that any Classical equation set allows it, and many numerical results support it. The Structural Limitation then arises because the results of experiments and Direct Numerical Simulations contradict the GLW, already for some of the Reynolds stresses in simple flows and all the way to the wall. This implies that no modification of a model that remains within the classical type can make it agree closely with this key body of results. This has been tolerated for decades, but the GLW is stated here more precisely than it has been implied in the literature, it has theoretical interest, and it creates a danger for the developing “data-driven” efforts in turbulence modelling, which generally involve all six Reynolds stresses and possibly other quantities such as budget terms.
Protectin DX ameliorates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing neutrophil activation via inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB /p47phox-ser345 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Jingxu , Feng Guangju , Pei Shuaijie , Wei Wei , Xu Meng , Yang Kai , Wang Fuquan , Wu Zhouyang , Wu Jing , Yao Shanglong , Xia Haifa
Published: November 2022

Background Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the leading causes of death among critically ill patients. It is reported that Protectin DX (PDX), a kind of special pro-resolving mediator (SPM), has been recently discovered to contribute to the improvement of inflammatory diseases. However, its effect and mechanism on regulating ALI are still unknown.
Methods We used C57BL/6J mice to construct ALI model via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline or PDX one hour after modelling. We performed in-vitro experiments to explore the relationship between PDX and neutrophils. The neutrophils were isolated from healthy volunteers. They were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and different concentrations of PDX within one hour.
Results We found that PDX can increase the survival rate of septic mice in eight days through the survival experiment, probably due to that PDX improved oxygenation of septic mice and alleviated sepsis-induced pathological lung injury and inflammation. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence experiments showed that PDX could effectively reduce the number of neutrophils in the lungs of septic mice. PDX reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines while attenuating sepsis-induced neutrophil activation. Moreover, western blotting results showed that PDX decreased the expression of MAPK (p38, ERK), NF-κB and p47phox-ser345 in lung tissue and neutrophils cultured in vitro.
Conclusion Our experiments suggested that PDX can increase survival rate and reduce sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting neutrophils activation via MAPK/NF-κB/p47phox-ser345 signaling pathway.
Dynamic weight and mapping mutation operation-based salp swarm algorithm for global optimization
Authors: Zhao Yanchun , Bi Senlin , Li Fusheng , Zhang Huanlong , Chen Zhiwu
Published: November 2022

The salp swarm algorithm imitates the swarm behavior of salps during navigation and hunting that has been proven the superiority of search for best solution. However, although it has sufficient global search ability , it’s still worth paying attention to problems of falling into local optima and lower convergence accuracy. This paper proposes some improvements to salp swarm algorithm that are based on a nonlinear dynamic weight and the mapping mutation operation. Firstly, the non-linear dynamic weight is helpful for further optimizing the transition from exploration to exploitation and alleviating the local optima stagnation phenomena. Secondly, utilizing a mapping mutation operation can increase the diversity of followers in algorithm, on behalf of avoid getting trapped into the local optima during the search and provide a better optimal solution. The proposed algorithm is characterized by stronger global optimization capability and high convergence accuracy. Finally, to confirm the effectiveness of proposed algorithm, comparative experiments based on other well-known swarm-based algorithms and each improvement for the original algorithm are conducted. The quantitative results and convergence curves among several algorithms demonstrate that the enhanced algorithm with the nonlinear dynamic weight and mapping mutation operation can outperform the original algorithm.
Evaluation of a decision-support tool for part orientation in EBM additive manufacturing
Authors: Mechekour El-Haddi , Vignat Frédéric , Grandvallet Christelle , Pourroy Franck , Marin Philippe René , Pailhes Jérôme , Mbow Mouhamadou Mansour , Prudhomme Guy
Published: November 2022

The activity of part orientation is of crucial importance in terms of impact on the quality of parts in powder bed additive manufacturing. To support the decision-making of Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) operators, several knowledge and software models are proposed. Even if they seem to help operators in orientation process, their operational effectiveness still needs to be scientifically assessed. This paper proposes to evaluate the efficiency of a part orientation software in assisting CAM engineers in part orientation choice. The related software is based on the mathematization of action rules issued from a knowledge model. The knowledge involved to carry out the orientation activity is analyzed based on the users’ expertise. To do this, an empirical approach based on a case study is made with participants of different levels of skills. Several design scenarios including various part typologies to be oriented are submitted to engineers, before their manufacturing with Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technology. Two means of orientation are thus used for comparison, namely a manual orientation and a computer-aided orientation software. Based on the orientation results, an analysis of the software usage is undertaken. As an underlying result of our study, we have come up with an evaluation approach that can be reused in other contexts and with other software.
Serum Gasdermin-D and CHB-Related biochemical indicators as potential biomarkers for predicting the natural phases of Chronic HBV infection
Authors: Zhou Lijing , Li Xiaohan , Shi Jing , Hu Qin , Zhou Xiaolan , Gan Delu , Zhang Lijun , Chen Weixian , Li Pu
Published: November 2022

Background: The adequate understanding and definition of chronic HBV (CHB) infection nature history remain vitally crucial to precisely antiviral treatment selection and prognosis evaluation. The existing biomarkers are insufficient to discriminate one from the complicated CHB nature phases immediately. Gasdermin-D, the pyroptosis executioner, was illustrated to mediate hepatocyte pyroptosis and participate in chronic HBV infection development.
Methods: The 480 CHB infection consecutive patients, other chronic liver patients and HBV-infected cell platforms were enrolled in this project. GSDMD was calculated by Sandwich ELISA kits. CHB-related biochemical indicators SOD and LDH were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The viral biomarkers were detected by immunofluorescence, western blot and real-time PCR. The correlation analysis, random forest analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were conducted to evaluate their value as biomarkers for predicting the CHB nature phases.
Results: The prominent elevation of GSDMD was observed in CHB infection patients among other chronic liver diseases, and basically along with the progress of CHB infection nature course, as well as in vitro. The SOD and LDH also had significant differences in the four phases of CHB infection. Random forest analysis found GSDMD was the most associated variable in predicting CHB natural course, rather than SOD and LDH. The ROC analysis illustrated serum GSDMD as a single marker had the highest value in predicting HBeAg negative phases with an AUC of 0.772. The combination of serum GSDMD, SOD and LDH had the highest predictive values both in HBeAg positive and negative phases, with the AUCs of 0.875 and 0.887 respectively.
Conclusions: Serum GSDMD had greater predictive performance in assessing HBeAg-negative CHB infection which may be related to the pyroptosis of HBV-infection hepatocytes. The combination of serum GSDMD, SOD and LDH may become novel potential biomarkers for auxiliary definitions of the natural course of CHB infection.
Sustainability Status Analysis and Strategy Development for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Hatchery Industry in Ciparay District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rizkita Meidina , Rosmiati Mia , Suantika Gede , Sitomorang Magdalena Lenny , Pratama Made Dendy , Rosefa Syafira
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to determine the sustainability status of the common carp hatchery operations in Ciparay, West Java, Indonesia, from ecological, economic, social, and technological aspects, and formulate strategies to improve the sustainability status of the operation. Data used in this study were collected through questionnaires, observation, and literature review. The data were analyzed using Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) to determine the sustainability status. Furthermore, the result was used to formulate the development strategies using SWOT analysis. Lastly, the prioritized strategy is chosen through QSPM analysis. The study showed that the sustainability status of common carp hatchery businesses in Ciparay from ecological and economic aspects was classified as less sustainable, while the social and technological aspects were considered adequately sustainable. Eight alternative development strategies formulated in this study. The prioritized strategy to improve the sustainability status was creating a farmer group association to expand cultivation and market information exchange.
Large contributions of petrogenic and subglacial organic carbon to Arctic fjord sediments in Svalbard
Authors: Kim Dahae , Kim Jung-Hyun , Ahn Youngkyu , Jang Kwangchul , Jung Ji Young , Nam Seung-Il
Published: November 2022

Svalbard fjords are hotspots of organic carbon (OC) burial because of their high sedimentation rates. To identify sedimentary OC sources in Arctic fjords, we investigated surface sediments collected from eight Svalbard fjords using bulk and molecular geochemical parameters. All fjord surface sediments investigated were depleted in 14Corg (–666.9 ± 240.3‰, n = 28), suggesting that more recently fixed terrestrial and marine biomass is not the only contribution to the sedimentary OC. However, the source could not be determined by the most commonly used bulk indicators (i.e., Norg/TOC ratio and δ13Corg) in the Arctic realm. Thus, we applied a three-endmember model based on Δ14Corg and lignin phenols to disentangle the relative contributions of petrogenic, subglacial, and marine OC to the sedimentary OC pool. The fjord sediments (n = 48) comprised on average of 79.3 ± 26.1% petrogenic OC, 17.7 ± 26.2% subglacial OC, and 3.0 ± 2.5% marine OC. This three-end-member approach highlights the substantial contribution of petrogenic and subglacial OC to the present-day sedimentary OC in Svalbard fjords. Accordingly, under predicted warming worldwide, accelerated contributions of petrogenic and subglacial OC to fjords can be expected as a consequence of rapid glacier retreat, which may play an important role in the active carbon cycle as a potential CO2 source to the atmosphere.
Genetically Predicted Visceral Adipose Tissue and Risk of Nine Non-tumor Gastrointestinal Diseases: Evidence from A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Sun Xingang , Yuan Yifan , Chen Lu , Ye Mei , Zheng Liangrong
Published: November 2022

Background
Numerous studies have linked visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to gastrointestinal diseases. However, it remains unclear whether those associations reflect causality.
Methods
We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to elucidate the causal effect of VAT on nine non-tumor gastrointestinal diseases. The inverse-variance weighted method was used to perform MR analyses. Complementary MR analyses, sensitivity analyses, and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to confirm the results.
Results
Genetically predicted higher VAT was causally associated with increased risks of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) [odds ratio (OR), 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–1.34; P = 3.06×10− 4), duodenal ulcer (DU) (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.10–1.77; P = 0.005), cholelithiasis (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.52–1.88; P = 1.70×10− 21), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.87–3.82; P = 6.26×10− 8). There were suggestive causal associations between VAT and gastric ulcer (GU) (OR,1.22; 95% CI, 1.01–1.48; P = 0.035) and acute pancreatitis (AP) (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05–1.52; P = 0.013). Little evidence was observed to support an association between VAT and inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or chronic pancreatitis.
Conclusions
We found that genetically predicted higher VAT was causally associated with increased risks of GORD, GU, DU, cholelithiasis, AP, and NAFLD. Future research is needed to assess the validity of VAT as a risk predictor and examine the mediation processes for potential intervention targets.
Predictors of applicant pool diversity among physician assistant education programs: A national cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Honda Trenton J. , Sturges Daytheon , Mills Daphe C. , Yuen Cynthia X. , Chitwood Ryan W. , Rodríguez José E.
Published: November 2022

Background
Numerous studies have demonstrated that the increasingly diverse US population benefits from access to diverse healthcare providers from similarly diverse backgrounds. Physician assistant (PA) education programs have striven to increase the diversity of the profession, which is predominantly non-Hispanic white, by focusing on admitting historically underrepresented students. However, strategies such as holistic admissions are predicated on the existence of diverse applicant pools. While studies have examined correlates of matriculation into a medical education program, this study looks earlier in the pipeline and investigates whether applicant – not matriculant – pool diversity varies among PA programs with different characteristics.
Methods
Data were drawn from the 2017-2018 Central Application Service for PAs admissions cycle. Applications to programs with pre-professional tracks and applicants missing race/ethnicity data were excluded, resulting in data from 26,600 individuals who applied to 189 PA programs. We summarized the racial and ethnic diversity of each program’s applicant pools using: (1)the proportion of underrepresented minority (URM) students, (2)the proportion of students with backgrounds underrepresented in medicine (URiM), and (3)Simpson’s diversity index of a 7-category race/ethnicity combination. We used multiple regressions to model each diversity metric as a function of program characteristics including class size, accreditation status, type of institution, and other important features.
Results
Regardless of the diversity metric examined, we found that applicant diversity was higher among provisionally accredited programs and those receiving more applications. We also identified trends suggesting that programs in more metropolitan areas were able to attract more diverse applicants. Programs that did not require the GRE were also able to attract more diverse applicants when considering the URM and SDI metrics, though results for URiM were not statistically significant.
Conclusions
Our findings provide insights into modifiable (e.g., GRE requirement) and non-modifiable (e.g., provisionally accredited) program characteristics that are associated with a diverse applicant pool.
Dietary Fiber during Gestation Improves Lactational Feed Intake of Sows by Modulating Gut Microbiota
Authors: Li Shuang , Zheng Jie , He Jiaqi , Liu Hao , Huang Yingyan , Huang Liansu , Wang Ke , Zhao Xilun , Feng Bing , Che Lianqiang , Fang Zhengfeng , Li Jian , Xu Shengyu , Lin Yan , Jiang Xuemei , Hua Lun , Zhuo Yong , Wu De
Published: November 2022

Background
The feed intake of sows during lactation is often lower than their needs. High-fiber feed is usually used during gestation to increase the voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of bulky diets on the appetites of sows during lactation have not been fully clarified. The current study was conducted to determine whether a high-fiber diet during gestation improves lactational feed intake (LFI) of sows by modulating gut microbiota.
Methods
We selected an appropriate high-fiber diet during gestation and utilized the fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) method to conduct research on the role of the gut microbiota in feed intake regulation of sows during lactation, as follows: high-fiber (HF) diet during gestation (n = 23); low-fiber (LF) diet during gestation (n = 23); and low-fiber diet + HF-FMT (LFM) during gestation (n = 23).
Results
Sows in the HF and LFM groups had a higher LFI and litter weight of piglets at weaning, while the sows also had higher peptide tyrosine tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide 1 on day 110 of gestation (G110d) and day 7 of lactation (L7d). Sows given an HF diet had lower Proteobacteria, especially Escherichia-Shigella, on G110d and higher Lactobacilli, especially Lactobacillus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_ amylovorus, on L7d. The enrichment of Escherichia-Shigella was alleviated by HF-FMT. In addition, HF and HF-FMT both decreased the perinatal concentrations of proinflammatory factors, such as endotoxin (ET), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The concentration of ET and LCN-2 and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the LFI of sows.
Conclusion
The excessive enrichment of Proteobacteria, especially Escherichia-Shigella late in gestation, led to increased endotoxin levels, which result in inflammatory responses and adverse effects on the LFI of sows. Adding HF during gestation reverses this process by increasing the abundance of Lactobacilli, especially Lactobacillus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus.
Synthesis of polymer lipid nanoparticles loaded with Quercetin: Potential for Activating Autophagy to Promote Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Lan Meng , Meng Fansu , Li Qi , Pang Mujuan , Liu Fengjie , Kong Zhaodi , Cai Tiange , Yang Zhenjiang , Cai Yu
Published: November 2022

Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in breast cancer progression and treatment. We have emphasized on preparation and optimization of polymer lipid nanoparticles loaded with quercetin (Q-PLNs) and nano-targeted therapeutic strategies on autophagy modulation. Q-PLNs had uniform particle size, good stability, and sustained release effect. Q-PLNs greatly promoted cellular uptake with lower IC50 and increased apoptotic rate. It was discovered that low-dose autophagy inhibitor CQ could partially block behavior of Q-PLNs, suggesting that Q-PLNs could induce autophagy in MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis and Western blot experiment reflected that Q-PLNs activated autophagy and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by regulating AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signal activity. In conclusion, polymer lipid nanoparticles were good delivery carriers to improve stability and pharmacological activity of quercetin. The pro-apoptotic effect of Q-PLNs was related to autophagy activation. The initiation mechanism of quercetin induced autophagy in MCF-7 cells presented a basis for further investigation of molecular biological mechanism.
A Detailed meta Analysis on Diagnostic Value of SDC2 Methylation in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yujing , Tian Yaqiong , Fan Zhijuan , Zhang Lei , Liu Shuang , Liu Shuye
Published: November 2022

Purpose To identify the diagnostic value of syndecan-2 methylation in CRC patients.
Methods We searched relevant articles in eight databases. Eligible studies were analyzed. Pooled diagnostic odds ratio(DOR), positive and negative likelihood ratio(PLR and NLR), sensitivity and specificity were calculated. The summary receiver operating characteristic(SROC) curve and Fangan’s plot were drawn. Subgroup meta analyses were performed and patients with CRC at different stages or locations were compared to evaluate diagnostic value of SDC2 in detail. We also performed Deeks’ regression test of funnel plot asymmetry and sensitivity analysis to verify if the results are robust and stable.
Results32 eligible studies with 3485 CRC patients and 5989 controls were included in our study. Pooled DOR, PLR, NLR, sensitivity and specificity were 18.54, 5.08, 0.29, 0.74 and 0.87, respectively. The area under SROC was 0.873. Subgroup meta analyses suggested that subjects consisting control group were the main source of heterogeneity. The diagnostic value of SDC2 methylation in CRC varies according to TNM stages and locations, better in distal and TNM I/II stage CRC. According to funnel plot, there exists no statistical publication bias.
Conclusion Methylated SDC2 in stool or blood was a valuable biomarker for the non-invasive detection of CRC with AUC=0.873. Methylated SDC2 performed better in distal and TNM I/II stage CRC than in proximal or TNM III/IV ones.
Generation mechanism of lack of fusion in X70 steel welded joint by fully automatic welding under steep slope conditions based on numerical simulation of flow field
Authors: Li Liying , Fu Jinqiu , Yao Yungang , Wang Xuejun , Liu Kai , Han Tao , Han Bin
Published: November 2022

X70 pipeline steel is butt welded by fully automatic welding at 25 ° slope, and the characteristic information of welding process is collected. A 3D transient heat and mass transfer model of weld pool is established. This model was verified by means of the shape of the weld pool and the two-dimensional shape of the weld, and then the flow field of the fully automatic welding process under steep slope conditions was simulated to clarify the mechanism of the lack of fusion defect. The results show that the welding arc is deflected when it stays on both side walls of the groove. When the arc stays at the bottom of the lower groove, the overflow phenomenon occurs at the structural mutation position of the molten pool located at the bottom of the side wall, and some liquid metal overflows to the front of the groove, forming a "void area" with gas-liquid interface. In the welding process, the liquid metal tends to flow to the side walls for heat transfer under various thermal effects, and forms a large range of eddy current at the side walls. This has a positive effect on sidewall melting. In addition, under the influence of the eddy current, it is difficult for the high-temperature liquid metal in the arc center to flow to the "void area" located at the bottom of the side wall of lower groove. Therefore, the bottom of the lower groove is more likely to cause lack of fusion defect.
Detection of early collision and compression bruises for pears based on hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Wang Guanglai , Wang Congcong , Liu Dayang
Published: November 2022

Early detection of bruising is one of the major challenges in postharvest quality sorting processes for pears. In this study, visible/near infrared (VIS/NIR) hyperspectral imaging technology (400–1000 nm) was used to rapidly detect the type of damage and the time period (1, 12, and 24 h) for damage to pears. Spectral images of nonbruised pears and pears subject to mechanical collision and compression bruises were acquired for three different time periods (1, 12, and 24 h), and the average spectrum was calculated for modeling. After analyzing and processing the spectral data obtained for the samples, principal component analysis (PCA) and uninformative variable elimination (UVE) were used to select optimum wavelengths, and an extreme learning machine (ELM) and support vector machine (SVM) were used to build the classification model. Then, the classification results were compared with the genetic algorithm-sooty tern optimization algorithm-support vector machine (STOA-GA-SVM). The accuracy of the PCA-ELM, UVE-ELM, PCA-SVM and UVE-SVM calibration and validation sets is determined to be 98.99%, 89.29%, 98.98%, 87.97%, 96.94%, and 88.78% and 99.23% and 88.78%, respectively, with varying degrees of overfitting. The STOA-GA-SVM model shows the best performance, and the accuracy of the calibration set and validation set is determined to be 95.92% and 91.84%, respectively. This study shows that the use of the VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging technique combined with the STOA-GA-SVM algorithm is feasible for the rapid and nondestructive identification of the damage type and time for pears.
Data uncertainty in 11 papers on women’s health
Authors: Weeks Jo , Li Wentao , Mol Ben W , Weeks Andrew
Published: November 2022

Detailed analyses of published trials conducted as part of a Cochrane review led to concerns over two trials conducted by a single author. The Cochrane team therefore requested a forensic analysis of all his published papers. Eleven papers were found. Where appropriate, pairwise comparisons were made of values in baseline and outcome tables, and p-values recalculated. The distributions of baseline characteristics were assessed for compatibility with properly conducted randomization using Monte Carlo analysis and unusual features noted. The analyses brought up several areas of concern; for instance, a high degree of identical or highly similar values in some baseline and outcome tables between studies; all recalculated p-values, save for one, are different from the p-values given; for all eleven studies, the probability that participants have been grouped according to properly randomised processes is very low. In correspondence with the author, he agreed that the sample we sent him showed that published p-values were incorrect, but was unable to provide original data to conduct further checks. We conclude that analyses of papers published by this author suggest considerable data concerns and that they should not be used to inform clinical practice until further investigation is completed.
Scheduling in Multi-hop Wireless Networks with MIMO Links using Deep Learning
Authors: Zarmehi Sadegh , Daneshvar-Farzanegan Sayed Mahmoud , Avokh Avid
Published: November 2022

Wireless mesh networks are appropriate and cost-effective infrastructure for Internet but due to the limited scalability and capacity, a lot of research has been doing on new ways to improve these limitations such as optimization of scheduling, routing, etc. In this paper focusing on time division multiple access (TDMA) method, a new algorithm for link scheduling in mesh networks based on Deep Learning is proposed which reduces the possibility of collision to zero by scheduling links. In this algorithm, we will try to size super frames and assign each link to a time slot in such a way that limitations are satisfied and finally, the end-to-end latency is minimized. Our results show that the proposed algorithm can schedule links with shorter super frames compared to other recent algorithms.
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Classification and Regression for Depth Estimation of Highly Dynamic Terrain
Authors: Islam Naeem Ul , Park Jaebyung
Published: November 2022

Depth estimation is considered a problem of translating RGB images to their corresponding depth maps. It plays an essential role in robotics and autonomous navigation as it allows for an understanding of the nature of the terrain. Owing to its natural importance, considerable attention has been paid by the research community in the past decade to depth estimations, including studies focusing on environmental condition-, classification-, or regression-based approaches. Among them, classification- and regression-based approaches are considered the key candidates for depth estimations, but it is not clear which approach performs better under what conditions. To investigate and define a clear method for providing an accurate depth estimation from a single RGB image, this study extensively evaluates these approaches qualitatively and quantitatively by considering a highly dynamic dataset. Based on extensive qualitative and quantitative experimental analyses, this study provides possible future directions for accurate depth estimation from a single RGB image.
Discovery and characterization of magnesium transporter (MGT) genefamilyin Citrus sinensis and their role in magnesium deficiency stress
Authors: Bin Minliang , Yi Ganjun , Zhang Xinxin
Published: November 2022

The divalent cation Magnesium (Mg2+) is necessary for healthy plant development, growth, and defense. Plants acquire Mg2+ from the soil and transport it throughout their body tissues with Mg2+ transporter (MGT) proteins. Although several MGT genes have been discovered and described in rice, maize, and Arabidopsis, far less information is available regarding their diversity and function in other plant species. To address this knowledge gap, here we identified seven putative MGT genes (CsMGT1-CsMGT7) in Citrus sinensis, which were classified into four distinct clades through phylogenetic analysis. Gene structures, cis-acting regulatory elements, and conserved motifs were also analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that the seven CsMGT genes were constitutively expressed across a variety of plant tissues, with the exception of CsMGT5, which lacked detectable expression in fruit peels and pulp. Furthermore, qRT-PCR indicated that the seven CsMGT genes responded differently to Mg2+ deprivation in leaves and roots. Complementation assays using Salmonella typhimurium MM281 and yeast CM66 demonstrated that CsMGT7 possessed the strongest Mg2+ transport capacity. We propose that CsMGT7 might serve as an Mg2+ transporter and play a crucial role in Mg2+ deficiency response. Our results will aid future research on the biological roles of MGTs in plants, which is beneficial for combining theoretical and application-based research in fruit plants.
Prevalence and Correlates of Postpartum Depression among Nursing Mothers within the Kumasi Metropolis: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Peters Favour , Hormeku Elias , Peprah Amponsah , Appiah-Brempong Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

Background: Postpartum depression is a mood disorder produced by changes in brain chemistry among women, beginning 4-6 weeks postpartum and lasting up to a year. This maternal mental health problem affects 11-42% of postpartum women globally with a reported prevalence of 60.8%, causing severe health implications to both the mother and the baby. In developing African countries like Ghana, maternal mental health is generally neglected during the postpartum period, and consequently, their specific symptoms are often undetected. This study aimed at estimating the point prevalence of postpartum depression and determining the socio-demographic and social support variables associated with postpartum depression
Methods: This research employed an analytical cross-sectional design and a Quantitative Approach. A purposive sampling technique was used in recruiting the respondents involved in the study through the help of the management of the health facilities. Data collection tools were the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a structured questionnaire. Data Analysis was performed using Binary Logistic Regression tests in Stata (Version 17.0).
Results: A total of 274 mothers participated in the study. Prevalence of Postpartum Depression was estimated at 31.39%, the circumstance surrounding pregnancy (i.e. wanted/unwanted pregnancy, planned/unplanned pregnancy, denied by father/abandonment) was the only socio-demographic correlate to PPD [p=0.015, OR=0.805, 95% CI 0.675 – 0.959]. Social support variables showing significant association with PPD were partner support [p=0.005, OR=1.357 95% CI 1.096 – 1.682], the experience of social pressure [P=0.002, OR=0.713 95% CI 0.575 – 0.884], and the ability to maintain a fair life balance in the postpartum period [P=0.011, OR=0.752 95% CI 0.603 – 0.936].
Conclusions: This study identified the demographic and social factors to developing PPD that should serve as pointers to medical professionals when evaluating postpartum women. Once these indicators are recognised, there is a higher likelihood toimprove overall maternal mental health and reduce the prevalence of postpartum depression through psychosocial support, in-service training of primary health care workers on PPD Screening, education on maternal psychological and emotional needs and Public maternal mental health campaigns.
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor independently affects tissue fluid accumulation and is related to deteriorating tissue perfusion and oxygenation in severe sepsis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Lin Chin-Kuo , Tsai Ying-Huang , Kao Kuo-Chin , Lin Chieh-Mo , Zhou Shao-Kui , Ho Meng-Chin , Huang Shu-Yi , Fang Yu-Hung , Chang Che-Chia , Lee Wei-Chun , Lee Yueh-Lin , Chen Min-Chi , Hsieh Meng-Jer , Lin Yu-Ching , Hung Ming-Szu , Kuo Wen-Chun , Lin Bor-Shyh
Published: November 2022

Background: Positive fluid balance and tissue fluid accumulation are associated with adverse outcomes in sepsis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases in sepsis, promotes vascular permeability, and may affect tissue fluid accumulation and oxygenation. We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate tissue hemoglobin (Hb) oxygenation and water (H2O) levels to investigate their relationship with serum VEGF levels.
Material and methods: New-onset severe sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled. Relative tissue concentrations of oxy-Hb ([HbO2]), deoxy-Hb ([HbR]), total Hb ([HbT]), and H2O ([H2O]) were estimated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for three consecutive days and serum VEGF levels were measured. Comparisons between oliguric and non-oliguric patients were conducted and the correlations between variables were analyzed.
Results: Among 75 eligible patients, compared with non-oliguric patients, oliguric patients were administrated more intravascular fluids (median [IQR], 1926.00 [1348.50-3092.00] mL/day vs. 1069.00 [722.00-1486.75] mL/day, p<0.001) and had more positive daily net intake and output (mean [SD], 1,235.06 [1,303.14] mL/day vs. 313.17 [744.75] mL/day, p=0.012), lower [HbO2] and [HbT] over the three-day measurement (analyzed by GEE p=0.01 and 0.043, respectively) and significantly higher [H2O] on the third day than on the first two days (analyzed by GEE p=0.034 and 0.018, respectively). Overall, serum VEGF levels were significantly negatively correlated with [HbO2] and [HbT] (rho=-0.246 and -0.266, p=0.042 and 0.027, respectively) but positively correlated with [H2O] (rho=0.449, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant correlation between serum VEGF and [H2O] in oliguric patients (rho=0.532, p=0.003). Multiple regression analysis determined the independent effect of serum VEGF on [H2O] (standardized coefficient=0.281, p=0.038).
Conclusions
In severe sepsis, oliguria relates to higher positive fluid balance, lower tissue perfusion and oxygenation, and progressive tissue fluid accumulation. Elevated serum VEGF is associated with worsening tissue perfusion and oxygenation and independently affects tissue fluid accumulation.
Determinants of health-seeking behaviour in Pakistan
Authors: Butt Nisha Saeed , Islam Tanweer Ul
Published: November 2022

Background
Considering the low performance of Pakistan on health indices in the region, fast growing population and higher poverty levels, this study aims to highlight the practical relevance of the Grossman’s health investment model by analysing the health demand in Pakistan.
Method
To avoid the problem of endogeneity due to the interdependence of health capital and demand for medical care, we used the binary dependent variable. Logistic regression is employed to estimate the empirical model using microdata from Pakistan’s Social & Household Integrated Economic Survey (2018-19).
Results
Results indicate that individuals with better income, education, and social respect demand more healthcare as they value healthy lifetime high. Due to higher cumulative risk of illness, female’s health demand is higher than male. While individuals engaging in sports and recreational activities care about their anticipated future health outcomes and hence demand more healthcare. Finally, the regional control variables show that people seek less healthcare services in rural areas and in Baluchistan province due to financial constraints, lack of health care facilities, and transport issues.
JAK2 Genetic Variation Associated with Susceptibility to Severe A(H1N1) Influenza
Authors: Cheng Zhong-shan , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2022

Background
JAK2 plays a key role in cytokine signaling. Genetic variation in JAK2 may affect the severity of influenza. We sought to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) close to JAK2 associated with the development of severe A(H1N1) influenza.
Methods
A pilot genome wide association study (GWAS) of A(H1N1) influenza harvested 15 highly linked SNPs of JAK2 that were differentially distributed in severe cases and mild controls. Four SNPs, including a promoter SNP rs1887429 and its high linkage disequilibrium (LD) SNP rs7034539 (R2 = 0.49 in Asian population), as well as other two high LD SNPs (rs17425819 and rs7850484; R2 = 0.88) associated with JAK2 expression in Chinese lymphoblastoid cell lines (n = 45), were validated in an extension cohort (n = 343). The mechanisms underlying these associations were determined by functional experiments.
Results
The four SNPs of JAK2 were significantly associated with the severe influenza in both pooled analysis (n = 463) and meta-analysis (all p-values < 0.01). A potential functional enhancer harboring one SNP rs59384377 and an indel rs527982744 (-/19T-repeat) were identified to be in high LD to rs17425819 and rs7850484, and was predicted to regulate the promoter activity of JAK2. Reporter gene luciferase assay demonstrated that rs59384377 and rs527982744 encoded regulatory polymorphisms for the enhancer activity. Furthermore, JAK2 expression was upregulated by A(H1N1) virus infection, and the inhibition of JAK2 by the inhibitor NVP-BSK805 attenuated the A(H1N1) virus-triggered induction of IP-10 and IL-8. In conclusion, the genetic association study together with molecular and cellular experiments support JAK2 as an important factor in the pathogenesis of severe A(H1N1) influenza.
Self-healing hybrid hydrogels with sustained bioactive components release for guided bone regeneration
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Li Weichang , Kong Mengjie , Li Zongtai , Yang Tao , Wang Qinmei , Teng Wei
Published: November 2022

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is widely used in treating oral bone defects to exclude the influence of non-osteogenic tissue on the bone healing process. The traditional method of GBR with a titanium mesh to treat large-area bone defects is limited by the deficiency of increased trauma and costs to patients. Herein, a bi-layered scaffold for GBR composed of a fiber barrier layer and a self-healing hydrogel repair layer is successfully fabricated. The barrier layer is a fibrous membrane material with specific porosity constructed by electrospinning, while the functional layer is a self-healing hydrogel material formed by multiple dynamic covalent bonds. The system can provide an osteogenic microenvironment by preventing the infiltration of connective tissue to bone defects, maintain the stability of the osteogenic space through the self-healing property, and regulate the release of bioactive substances in the dynamic physical condition, which is beneficial to osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and bone regeneration. This study focused on exploring the effects of different crosslinkers and bonding methods on the comprehensive properties of hydrogels. and proved that the hybrid scaffold system has good biocompatibility, cell barrier function and can enhance bone regeneration activity. Thereby it could be a promising clinical strategy for bone regeneration.
A Wearable Electronic Based on Capacitive Flexible Pressure Sensor for Running Motion Monitoring
Authors: Chang Xiaoming
Published: November 2022

The flexible pressure sensor is expected to be applied in the new generation of sports wearable electronic devices. Developing flexible pressure sensors with a wide linear range and great sensitivity, however, remains a significant barrier. In this work, we propose a hybrid conductive elastomeric film oxide-based material with a concave-shape micro-patterned array (P-HCF) on the surface that sustainably shows the necessary sensing qualities. To enhance sensing range and sensitivity, one-dimensional carbon fibers (CF) and two-dimensional MXene (MX) are incorporated into the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to form a three-dimensional conductive network. Micro-patterns with a curved shape in P-HCFs are designed to resemble a human fingerprint and were able to linear sensitivity across the sensing range by controlling the pressure distribution inside the material. Besides, the sensitivity of P-HCF pressure sensor can reach 31.92 kPa− 1, and meanwhile, the linear band of P-HCF pressure sensor can arrive at 24 Pa − 720 kPa, which makes it a good choice for sports monitoring. The designed pressure sensor can be used to monitor the foot pressure during running. By analyzing the gait information during running, it can provide data support and strategy improvement for running. This new dual working mode pressure P-HCF sensor will provide a new way for the development of intelligent sports.
The Fiscal Origins of Comparative Inequality levels: An Empirical and Historical Investigation
Authors: Irarrázaval Andrés
Published: November 2022

What explains exceptional inequality across Latin America, Africa, and India? By exploiting analytical, historical, and empirical tools, this research revisits the literature on inequality and long-term development. The findings challenge the “colonial origins” thesis, showing that significant inequality in Latin America, Africa, and India is not rooted in the colonial period nor explained by allegedly persistent “extractive” economic institutions. Instead, the empirical strategy that revises Acemoglu et al. (2001) instrument variable (IV) method, consistent with historical evidence, indicates that current inequality differences only materialized during the 20th century following divergent fiscal patterns. In Western countries, progressive fiscality led to tangibly lower inequality since the 1920s. Whereas in Latin America, Africa, and India, despite post-colonial convergence toward “inclusive” economic institutions, inequality persists through a regressive fiscal equilibrium. In these developing regions, limited democratic accountability has undermined the formation of the credible commitments necessary to raise substantial direct (i.e., progressive) taxes and the political pressure required to mobilize such resources towards redistribution.
Ion-beam Assisted Sputtering of Titanium Nitride Thin Films
Authors: Draher Timothy , Polakovic Tomas , Li Juliang , Li Yi , Welp Ulrich , Jiang Jidong Samuel , Pearson John , Armstrong Whitney , Meziani Zein-Eddine , Chang Clarence , Kwok Wai-Kwong , Xiao Zhili , Novosad Valentine
Published: November 2022

Titanium nitride is a material of interest for many superconducting devices such as nanowire microwave resonators and photondetectors. Thus, controlling the growth of TiN thin films with desirable properties is of high importance. This work aims toexplore effects in ion beam-assisted sputtering (IBAS), which has reduced nitrogen sensitivity during deposition in tandemwith an increase in nominal critical temperature and upper critical fields in previous work on Niobium nitride (NbN). We growthin films of titanium nitride by both, the conventional method of DC reactive magnetron sputtering and the IBAS method, tocompare their superconducting critical temperatures Tc as functions of thickness, sheet resistance, and nitrogen flow rate.We perform electrical and structural characterizations by electric transport and x-ray diffraction measurements. Comparedto the conventional method of reactive sputtering, the IBAS technique has demonstrated a 10% increase in nominal criticaltemperature and 33% reduced sensitivity to nitrogen flow, without noticeable variation in the lattice structure. Additionally, weexplore the behavior of superconducting Tc in ultra-thin films. Trends in films grown at high nitrogen concentrations followpredictions of mean-field theory in disordered films and show suppression of superconducting Tc due to geometric effects,while nitride films grown at low nitrogen concentrations strongly deviate from the theoretical models.
Association of PKCi variant and its gene expression with breast cancer prognosis
Authors: Shah Hania , Khan Khushbukhat , Badshah Yasmin , Trembley Janeen H. , Ashraf Naeem Mahmood , Shabbir Maria , Afsar Tayyaba , Almajwal Ali , Razak Suhail
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of fatalities in females globally. Rising cases of drug resistance against existing chemotherapeutics are great problem. To address this issue, there is a need to find appropriate biomarker that could be used to detect cancer at early stages, so drug resistance development can be avoided. Protein Kinase C iota (PKCɩ), an AGC kinase, has an oncogenic role in cancers and its expression and SNPs have been reported to be associated with the cancer development. So, the study aims were to examine the expression of PKCɩ, Protein Kinase B (AKT), Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOC3), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Krupple like factor 3 (KLF3), Tumor protein D52 (TPD52), Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1α) and microRNA-124 (miR-124) in breast cancer and association of PKCɩ variants (G34W & F66Y) with breast cancer.: Genetic expression assay was performed through real time PCR, whereas the genotypic association of PKCɩ SNPs with breast cancer was accomplished through Tetra-ARMS PCR. The overall expression levels of PKCɩ, AKT, SOC3, VEGF, HIF1α and TPD52 were elevated in patients as compared to control whereas the expression levels of miR-124 and KLF3 were lowered in patients. Positive association of variant G34W (TT) of PKCɩ with breast cancer has been explored while no association of variant F66Y with breast cancer was found. Hence, the results suggest that PKCɩ and related genes can serve as the potential biomarkers for the early-diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.