bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive‐Triggered Polar Polymorph Formation: β‐Sc(IO3)3, a Promising Next‐Generation Mid‐Infrared Nonlinear Optical Material
Authors: Wu Chao , Wei Guangfeng , Jiang Xingxing , Xu Qinke , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Zhipeng , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi
Published: July 2022

Noncentrosymmetric (NCS) solids have attracted interest for their potential in ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and nonlinear optical (NLO) devices, but their synthesis remains a major challenge. In this study, the additive Li2CO3 triggers formation of an NCS precursor at an early nucleation stage, and plays a crucial role in the successful polymorphism transformation. The resultant metastable β‐Sc(IO3)3 is a promising mid‐infrared NLO crystal, with the strongest second‐harmonic generation responses (2.2×KTiOPO4 @ 2100 nm, 16×KH2PO4 @ 1064 nm) and the largest optical band gap (4.52 eV) for a rare‐earth iodate, as well as sufficient birefringence (Δn=0.219 @ 546 nm) for type I phase‐matching, and wide optical transparency, which are induced by optimal alignment of the iodate anions. This study reveals the key role of additives in the growth of polar NCS solids, a discovery with implications for the strategic design of new NCS polymorphism materials with exceptional NLO properties.
Highly Efficient and Direct Ultralong All‐Phosphorescence from Metal–Organic Framework Photonic Glasses
Authors: Zhou Bo , Qi Zhenhong , Yan Dongpeng
Published: July 2022

Realizing efficient and ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is highly desirable but remains a challenge due to the inherent competition between excited state lifetime and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, we report the bottom‐up self‐assembly of transparent metal–organic framework (MOF) bulk glasses exhibiting direct ultralong all‐phosphorescence (lifetime: 630.15 ms) with a PLQY of up to 75 % at ambient conditions. These macroscopic MOF glasses have high Young's modulus and hardness, which provide a rigid environment to reduce non‐radiative transitions and boost triplet excitons. Spectral technologies and theoretical calculations demonstrate the photoluminescence of MOF glasses is directly derived from the different triplet excited states, indicating the great capability for color‐tunable afterglow emission. We further developed information storage and light‐emitting devices based on the efficient and pure RTP of the fabricated MOF photonic glasses.
Kristallstrukturbasierte Mutagenese der Cattleyene‐Synthase führt zur Bildung umgelagerter polycyclischer Diterpene
Authors: Xing Baiying , Xu Houchao , Li Annan , Lou Tingting , Xu Meng , Wang Kaibiao , Xu Zhengren , Dickschat Jeroen S. , Yang Donghui , Ma Ming
Published: July 2022

Die Kristallstrukturen der Cattleyen‐Synthase (apo‐CyS) und der mit Geranylgeranylpyrophosphat (GGPP) komplexierten CyS wurden gelöst. Die CySC59A‐Variante zeigte eine erhöhte Produktion von Cattleyen und weiteren Diterpenen mit unterschiedlichen Skeletten. Ihre Struktur zeigte ein vergrößertes aktives Zentrum, was die relaxierte Selektivität erklärt. Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente offenbarten einen bemerkenswerten Cyclisierungsmechanismus, der mehrere Gerüstumlagerungen für eines der neuen Diterpene umfasst.
From Ensemble Electrochemistry to Nano‐Impact Electrochemistry: Altered Reaction Selectivity
Authors: Zhong Rui , Wang Xiaoyu , Tao Qianqian , Zhang Jianhua , Lin Chuhong , Wei Hui , Zhou Yi‐Ge
Published: July 2022

Selective electrochemical production of valued chemicals is of significant importance but remains a great challenge in chemistry. Conventional approaches for enhancing reaction selectivity focus on the improvement of the catalysts themselves. In this work, we systematically studied the reaction kinetics and mass transport behavior of LaNiO3 nanocubes (LaNiO3 NCs) catalyzed hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction (HPRR) at ensemble and single nanoparticle levels using nano‐impact electrochemistry (NIE). We find that the selectivity of HPRR was altered at individual random‐walk nanoparticles as compared to their ensemble counterpart without changing the reaction kinetics, due to the significantly enhanced mass transport at single nanoparticles. This discovery offers the scope of new catalytic approaches for engineering electrochemical reactions in general.
Sulfur–Phenolate Exchange: SuFEx‐Derived Dynamic Covalent Reactions and Degradation of SuFEx Polymers
Authors: Chao Yang , Krishna Akash , Subramaniam Muthusamy , Liang Dong‐Dong , Pujari Sidharam P. , Sue Andrew C.‐H. , Li Guanna , Miloserdov Fedor M. , Zuilhof Han
Published: July 2022

The products of the SuFEx reaction between sulfonimidoyl fluorides and phenols, sulfonimidates, are shown to display dynamic covalent chemistry with other phenols. This reaction was shown to be enantiospecific, finished in minutes at room temperature in high yields, and useful for both asymmetric synthesis and sustainable polymer production. Its wide scope further extends the usefulness of SuFEx and related click chemistries.
First report of an egg nursery for the Critically Endangered flapper skate Dipturus intermedius (Rajiformes: Rajidae)
Authors: Dodd Jane , Baxter John M. , Donnan David W. , James Benjamin D. , Lavender Edward , McSorley Claire A. , Mogg Andrew O.M. , Thorburn James A.
Published: July 2022

This study provides the first report of an egg nursery for the Critically Endangered flapper skate Dipturus intermedius and a description of the habitat, thus contributing towards our understanding of essential habitats for the species.

In total, 1,395 flapper skate egg cases were recorded (accounting for overlapping surveys) in two egg case collection dives (n = 67 egg cases), one photogrammetry dive (n = 10 egg cases), 509 drop‐down video (DDV) camera drifts (n = 510 egg cases) and 18 remote operated vehicle (ROV) flights (n = 1,031 egg cases), carried out in the Inner Sound on the west coast of Scotland from 2018 to 2021. All of the egg cases were found on a shallow bedrock plateau between the Isle of Scalpay and a deep (>100 m) water channel between the Isle of Longay and the Crowlin Islands. Egg cases were observed on a cobble/boulder reef between 25 and 58 m depth, with a modelled annual temperature range of 9–12 °C, modelled current speeds up to 0.2 m−1, a rugosity index of 1.7 and low levels of sedimentation.

Flapper skate egg cases are large and the incubation period is protracted (18 months), making them potentially vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance. A description of the habitat where egg cases were observed in this study will help inform the search for egg nurseries for this Critically Endangered species elsewhere. Targeted DDV, ROV and scuba diving surveys will support this search in areas where suitable bathymetric and hydrodynamic conditions are identified.

Safeguarding egg nurseries is essential for successful conservation. Protection should involve the designation of egg nurseries as Marine Protected Areas where activities that are likely to damage or alter seabed habitats are managed.
The first complete cranium of Homotherium (Machairodontinae, Felidae) from the Nihewan Basin (northern China)
Authors: Jiangzuo Qigao , Zhao Hailong , Chen Xi
Published: July 2022

The Nihewan Basin is famous for producing a rich Early Pleistocene fauna, the most classic and standard for the Early Pleistocene of northern China, as well as rich paleolithic remains, documenting the early presence of humans. Many fossil Carnivora, including the scimitar toothed cat Homotherium, were found from this basin, but no complete material of this cat was known, which hampers a deep study of its taxonomy. Here, we report a complete cranium of Homotherium, found in Shigou, a recently discovered locality in the Nihewan Basin. The morphology of the cranium supports its assignment to Homotherium crenatidens teilhardipiveteaui, a terminal evolutionary stage of the species with a Palearctic distribution. Our analyses suggest that Homotherium evolved largely contemporarily in different regions of Eurasia, suggesting a continuous gene flow within the continent, and the subspecies delimitation should be more chronological than geographical.
Time‐Resolved Luminescent Sensing and Imaging for Enzyme Catalytic Activity Based on Responsive Probes
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Jin Yibiao , Li Mingdang , Liu Shujuan , Kam‐Wing Lo Kenneth , Zhao Qiang
Published: July 2022

Enzymes, as a kind of biomacromolecules, play an important role in many physiological processes and relate directly to various diseases. Developing an efficient detection method for enzyme activity is important to achieve early diagnosis of enzyme‐relevant diseases and high throughput screening of potential enzyme‐relevant drugs. Time‐resolved luminescence assay provide a high accuracy and signal‐to‐noise ratios detection methods for enzyme activity, which has been widely used in high throughput screening of enzyme‐relevant drugs and diagnosis of enzyme‐relevant diseases. Inspired by these advantages, various responsive probes based on metal complexes and metal‐free organic compounds have been developed for time‐resolved bioimaging and biosensing of enzyme activity owing to their long luminescence lifetimes, high quantum yields and photostability. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed metal complex‐ and metal‐free organic compound‐based responsive probes applied to detect enzyme activity through time‐resolved imaging, including their design strategies and sensing principles. Current challenges and future prospects in this rapidly growing field are also discussed.
Supramolecular Hydrogel Based on Pseudopolyrotaxane Aggregation for Bacterial Microenvironment‐Responsive Antibiotic Delivery
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liang Xiaoyang , Wang Jia , Yu Bingran , Li Yang , Xu Fu‐Jian
Published: July 2022

Due to the extensive use of antibiotics, the variety and number of drug‐resistant pathogens have increased dramatically and have become a major global health problem. This imposes significant demands on the rational and effective use of antibiotics. To this end, a supramolecular hydrogel based on pseudopolyrotaxanes aggregation is proposed for antibiotic delivery. Supramolecular cross‐linking strategies allow hydrogels to be obtained under mild conditions that facilitate the encapsulation of antibiotics. The presence of pH‐sensitive imine bonds allows for the reversible detachment of PEG residues from the PEGylated hyaluronic acid backbone in an acidic environment, which leads to reversible changes in hydrogel crosslink density and thus controls antibiotic release behavior. Antimicrobial assessments indicated that the hydrogel exhibited good antimicrobial efficiency against both Gram‐positive and negative bacteria, while responding to the bacterial microenvironment and enabling a burst release of antibiotics in severe infections. The proposed hydrogel also has excellent biocompatibility and thus possesses great potential for biomedical applications.
Health-related quality of life following total minimally invasive, hybrid minimally invasive or open oesophagectomy: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Klevebro F , Kauppila J H , Markar S , Johar A , Lagergren P
Published: July 2022

Background

Minimally invasive oesophagectomy has been shown to reduce the risk of pulmonary complications compared with open oesophagectomy, but the effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oesophageal cancer survivorship remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal effects of minimally invasive compared with open oesophagectomy for cancer on HRQoL.

Methods

All patients who had surgery for oesophageal cancer in Sweden from January 2013 to April 2018 were identified. The exposure was total or hybrid minimally invasive oesophagectomy, compared with open surgery. The study outcome was HRQoL, evaluated by means of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OG25 at 1 and 2 years after surgery. Mean differences and 95 per cent confidence intervals were adjusted for confounders.

Results

Of the 246 patients recruited, 153 underwent minimally invasive oesophagectomy, of which 75 were hybrid minimally invasive and 78 were total minimally invasive procedures. After adjustment for age, sex, Charlson Co-morbidity Index score, pathological tumour stage and neoadjuvant therapy, there were no clinically and statistically significant differences in overall or disease-specific HRQoL after oesophagectomy between hybrid minimally invasive and total minimally invasive surgical technique versus open surgery.

Conclusion

In this population-based nationwide Swedish study, longitudinal HRQoL after minimally invasive oesophagectomy was similar to that of the open surgical approach.
Belief, attitude and critical understanding. A systematic review of social justice in Service‐Learning experiences
Authors: Compare Christian , Albanesi Cinzia
Published: July 2022

This systematic review examined the role of Service‐Learning experiences promoted by higher education institutions to strengthen the achievement of social justice outcomes among youth. We screened and coded studies following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Of the 555 articles found in the database search, 47 peer‐reviewed studies were included in the final sample. Social justice construct, together with research location, participants, target community and outcomes, were coded. Results show effects of Service‐Learning experiences on (a) fostering significant improvement of students' social justice beliefs, (b) stimulating significant changes in students' attitudes with respect to the development of altruistic behaviours and their commitment to social justice, and (c) increasing students' critical understanding by sparking questioning processes related to personal assumptions of inequalities. This systematic review provides insights into the strengths and challenges of implementing social justice‐oriented Service‐Learning experiences.
Fungistatic Films Containing Cinnamon Essential Oil: New Coatings to Preserve the Nutraceutical Content of Avocado Fruit against Fusariosis
Authors: Coyotl‐Pérez Wendy Abril , Morales‐Rabanales Quetzali Nicte , Lozoya‐Gloria Edmundo , Becerra‐Martínez Elvia , Ramírez‐García Sergio A. , Mosso‐González Clemente , Villa‐Ruano Nemesio
Published: July 2022

Avocadoes are a rich source of nutrients and nutraceuticals that preserve human health. Nevertheless, this fruit is susceptible to phytopathogen infection during the postharvest period causing severe economic losses. Herein, we report on the in situ antifungal assessment of biodegradable films impregnated with the essential oil of Cinnamomum verum (CvEO) as natural fungistatic coatings to extend postharvest quality of Hass avocadoes (Persea americana cv. Hass). These coatings were evaluated on fruits previously infected with a native strain of Fusarium verticillioides. The cytotoxic assessment of CvEO on F. verticillioides revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3±0.0 g L−1 whereas its chemical profiling showed (E)‐cinnamaldehyde (45.9 %) 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene (7.9 %) and linalool (6.8 %) as the major bioactive compounds. Four coatings (FC1–FC4) were made using chitosan (1 %) and a diverse quantity of CvEO (0.4–1.3 % w/v). The physicochemical properties demonstrated that the films FC3 and FC4 have the optimal characteristics of a food coating. Avocadoes preserved with the films FC3 and FC4 substantially kept (p<0.01) fruit firmness and the nutraceutical content of infected avocados at least for 21 d. The results of the present investigation suggest that our hybrid materials can conserve basic nutritional parameters such as fiber, protein, reducing sugars, as well as the content of unsaturated fatty acids which are the main nutraceuticals of this fruit.
Tamoxifen modulates mitochondrial dynamics through AMPK and MAPK during nutrition deprivation
Authors: Vijayakumar Gangipangi , Swetha Uppalapati S. , Sudhagar Selvaraju
Published: July 2022

The interaction of cancer cells with their tumor microenvironment determines key events in the progression of the disease, therapeutic efficacy, and the development of drug resistance. Here, we presented evidence that tamoxifen support breast cancer growth during nutrition deprivation by modulating mitochondrial dynamics through AMPK and MAPK signaling. Tamoxifen enhances mitochondrial fusion under nutrition‐deprived conditions by suppressing Drp1 ser616 phosphorylation and upregulating Mfn1 levels. Tamoxifen‐induced mitochondrial fusion is mediated by the activation of AMPK as evident by the pharmacological inhibition of AMPK reverse mitochondrial fusion. Interestingly, JNK activation by tamoxifen controls the mitochondrial fusion morphology by downregulating Mfn2. Collectively, tamoxifen support cell growth by enhancing mitochondrial fusion by regulating stress kinase signaling under nutrition deprivation condition.
SAT2 regulates Sertoli cell–germline interactions via STIM1‐mediated ROS/WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Xia , Zheng Yanli , Han Yun , He Hui , Lv Jinxing , Yu Jun , Li Hong , Hou Shunyu , Shen Cong , Zheng Bo
Published: July 2022

As the main component of seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells are in close contact with germ cells and generate niche signals, which exhibit pivotal functions in spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, the regulatory mechanisms of Sertoli cell–germline interactions (SGIs) in the testes of neonatal mice (NM) remain largely unclear. Previously, we identified spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyl transferase 2 (SAT2) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) to be potential regulators of testicular cord formation via comparative proteomics analysis. Here, we demonstrated a novel role of SAT2 for SGIs during testicular development in NM. Testicular explants lacking SAT2 affected the mislocation, but not the quantity, of Sertoli cells, which led to maintenance defects in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Interestingly, SAT2 was essential for the migration of TM4 cells, a Sertoli cell line. Mechanistically, SAT2 was able to bind STIM1, repress its expression, and regulate homeostasis of a reactive oxygen species/wingless type (WNT)/β‐catenin pathway in NM testes. Collectively, our study identified that SAT2 was able to regulate SGIs via a STIM1‐mediated WNT signaling pathway.
Contrast‐associated acute kidney injury: Type may not matter
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Parasuram , Dangas George
Published: July 2022

Key Points

CA‐AKI is associated with increased short and long term morbidity and mortality

Despite significant variation in contrast type utilization, contrast type was not associated with incidence of MARCE

Difference among low‐ and iso‐osmolar contrast media studies appear rather negligible from clinical point of view
High‐entropy alloy catalysts: From bulk to nano toward highly efficient carbon and nitrogen catalysis
Authors: Yu Lanlan , Zeng Kaizhu , Li Chenghang , Lin Xiaorong , Liu Hanwen , Shi Wenhui , Qiu Hua‐Jun , Yuan Yifei , Yao Yonggang
Published: July 2022

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted widespread attention as both structural and functional materials owing to their huge multielement composition space and unique high‐entropy mixing structure. Recently, emerging HEAs, either in nano or highly porous bulk forms, are developed and utilized for various catalytic and clean energy applications with superior activity and remarkable durability. Being catalysts, HEAs possess some unique advantages, including (1) a multielement composition space for the discovery of new catalysts and fine‐tuning of surface adsorption (i.e., activity and selectivity), (2) diverse active sites derived from the random multielement mixing that are especially suitable for multistep catalysis, and (3) a high‐entropy stabilized structure that improves the structural durability in harsh catalytic environments. Benefited from these inherent advantages, HEA catalysts have demonstrated superior catalytic performances and are promising for complex carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycle reactions featuring multistep reaction pathways and many different intermediates. However, the design, synthesis, characterization, and understanding of HEA catalysts for C‐ and N‐involved reactions are extremely challenging because of both complex high‐entropy materials and complex reactions. In this review, we present the recent development of HEA catalysts, particularly on their innovative and extensive syntheses, advanced (in situ) characterizations, and applications in complex C and N looping reactions, aiming to provide a focused view on how to utilize intrinsically complex catalysts for these important and complex reactions. In the end, remaining challenges and future directions are proposed to guide the development and application of HEA catalysts for highly efficient energy storage and chemical conversion toward carbon neutrality.
Bola‐Amphiphilic Glycodendrimers: New Carbohydrate‐Mimicking Scaffolds to Target Carbohydrate‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Zhang Wenzheng , Dhumal Dinesh , Zhu Xiaolei , Ralahy Brigino , Ellert‐Miklaszewska Aleksandra , Wu Jing , Laurini Erik , Yao Yi‐Wen , Kao Chai‐Lin , Iovanna Juan L. , Pricl Sabrina , Kaminska Bozena , Xia Yi , Peng Ling
Published: July 2022

Dendrimers are appealing scaffolds for creating carbohydrate mimics with unique multivalent cooperativity. We report here novel bola‐amphiphilic glycodendrimers bearing mannose and glucose terminals, and a hydrophobic thioacetal core responsive to reactive oxygen species. The peculiar bola‐amphiphilic feature enabled stronger binding to lectin compared to conventional amphiphiles. In addition, these dendrimers are able to target mannose receptors and glucose transporters expressed at the surface of cells, thus allowing effective and specific cellular uptake. This highlights their great promise for targeted delivery.
Chelating Phosphorus–An O, C, O‐Coordinating Pincer‐Type Ligand Coordinating PIII and PV Centres
Authors: Gock Michael , Lutter Michael , Pintus Anna , Schollmeier Dieter , Arca Massimiliano , Lippolis Vito , Jurkschat Klaus
Published: July 2022

The sequence of reactions of the phosphorus‐containing aryllithium compound 5‐t‐Bu‐1,3‐[(P(O)(O‐i‐Pr)2]2C6H2Li (ArLi) with Ph2PCl, KMnO4, elemental sulfur and elemental selenium, respectively, gave the aryldiphenylphosphane chalcogenides 5‐t‐Bu‐1,3‐[(P(O)(O‐i‐Pr)2]2C6H2P(E)Ph2 (1, E=O; 2, E=S; 3, E=Se). Compound 1 partially hydrolysed giving [5‐t‐Bu‐1‐{(P(O)(O‐i‐Pr)2}‐3‐{(P(O)(OH)2}C6H2]P(O)Ph2 (4). The reaction of ArLi with PhPCl2 provided the benzoxaphosphaphosphole [1(P), 3(P)‐P(O)(O‐i‐Pr)OPPh‐6‐t‐Bu‐4‐P(O)(O‐i‐Pr)2]C6H2P (5i) as a mixture of the two diastereomers. The oxidation of 5i with elemental sulfur gave the benzoxaphosphaphosphole sulfide [1(P), 3(P)‐P(O)(O‐i‐Pr)OP(S)Ph‐6‐t‐Bu‐4‐P(O)(O‐i‐Pr)2]C6H2 (5) as pair of enantiomers P1(R), P3(S)/P1(S), P3(R) of the diastereomer (RS/SR)‐5 (5b). The aryldiphenylphosphane 5‐t‐Bu‐1,3‐[(P(O)(O‐i‐Pr)2]2C6H2PPh2 (6) was obtained from the reaction of the corresponding aryldiphenylphosphane sulfide 2 with either sodium hydride, NaH, or disodium iron tetracarbonyl, Na2Fe(CO)4. The oxidation of the aryldiphenylphosphane 6 with elemental iodine and subsequent hydrolysis yielded the aryldiphenyldioxaphosphorane 9‐t‐Bu‐2,6‐(OH)‐4,4‐Ph2‐3,5‐O2‐2,6‐P2‐4λ5‐P‐[5.3.1.0]‐undeca‐1(10),7(11),8‐triene (7). Both of its diastereomers, (RR/SS)‐7 (7a) and (RS/SR)‐7 (7b), were separated as their chloroform and i‐propanol solvates, 7a⋅2CHCl3 and 7b⋅i‐PrOH, respectively. DFT calculations accompanied the experimental work.
Flexible Alkylene Bridges as a Tool To Engineer Crystal Distyrylbenzene Structures Enabling Highly Fluorescent Monomeric Emission
Authors: Shimomura Yoshimichi , Igawa Kazunobu , Sasaki Shunsuke , Sakakibara Noritaka , Goseki Raita , Konishi Gen‐ichi
Published: July 2022

To design ultrabright fluorescent solid dyes, a crystal engineering strategy that enables monomeric emission by blocking intermolecular electronic interactions is required. We introduced propylene moieties to distyrylbenzene (DSB) as bridges between the phenyl rings either side of its C=C bonds. The bridged DSB derivatives formed compact crystals that emit colors similar to those of the same molecules in dilute solution, with high quantum yields. The introduction of flexible seven‐membered rings to the DSB core produced moderate distortion and steric hindrance in the DSB π‐plane. However, owing to this strategy, it was possible to control the molecular arrangement with almost no decrease in the crystal density, and intermolecular electronic interactions were suppressed. The bridged DSB crystal structure differs from other DSB derivative structures; thus, bridging affords access to novel crystalline systems. This design strategy has important implications in many fields and is more effective than the conventional photofunctional molecular crystal design strategies.
Privacy preserving mobile forensic framework using role‐based access control and cryptography
Authors: Hyder Muhammad Faraz , Arshad Saadia , Arfeen Asad , Fatima Tasbiha
Published: July 2022

The rise of social media‐related crimes has led to the rise of mobile forensics. Since mobile forensics and privacy preservation are conflicting fields, it is important to find a middle ground where forensics can be performed on any device without compromising the confidentiality of an individual. This paper presents a framework called “role‐based mobile forensics framework with cryptography (RBMF2C)” that can be easily implemented and protects users' privacy and does not interfere with the forensic process. A mobile forensic platform called Sher‐locked phones developed using C# is also presented in this paper that is developed following the aforementioned RBMF2C framework. This platform consists of five layers: access control, evidence gathering, data analysis, privacy, and reporting layer. The developed platform implements the RBMF2C framework on the evidence gathering, analysis, and reporting layer to protect the evidential image, evidential findings, and final report from being accessed by unauthorized users. The implementation of privacy preservation techniques as proposed by the proposed framework such as role‐based access control, keyword search, and encryption/ decryption did not hinder the performance of the developed toolkit, and suspects data privacy is also preserved to a substantial extent.
An energy‐efficient clustering algorithm combined interval type‐2 fuzzy logic and dual‐super‐cluster‐head mechanism for homogeneous wireless sensor networks of mobile sink
Authors: Yan Xiao , Gan Jianyuan , Wang Lili , Wu Xiaobei
Published: July 2022

In recent trends, wireless sensor network (WSN) is often used in harsh environments. When WSNs work, they need to deploy a large number of sensor nodes in the monitoring area. Due to the limited resources carried by the sensor nodes, the monitoring process of WSN will be limited by the energy of the sensor nodes. An energy‐efficient clustering algorithm combining interval type‐2 fuzzy logic and dual‐super‐cluster‐head (IT2FL‐DSCH) mechanism is proposed, aiming at reducing and balancing the energy consumption of sensor nodes. Considering the four fuzzy parameters, that is, cluster heads' (CHs') battery power, CHs' centrality, base station's (BS's) mobility, and the distance from CHs to BS, interval type‐2 fuzzy logic (IT2FL) is used to select the appropriate super cluster head (SCH). And SCH is the only way to communicate with the mobile BS, thus effectively using bandwidth. Then, the DSCH mechanism to balance the energy consumption of SCH is introduced in detail. In addition, we utilize mathematical derivation to obtain the supremum of the energy consumption of the SCH algorithm under different network distribution. Finally, the MATLAB simulation results show that this protocol outperforms low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), LEACH‐centralized (LEACH‐C), distributed energy efficient clustering (DEEC), WSNs using deep‐Q‐networks (DQN), and two‐tier distributed fuzzy logic based protocol (TTDFP) in terms of sensor nodes energy saving, network stability, and network lifetime.
Performance of NOMA‐assisted MRC receivers in presence of imperfect SIC and CSI errors
Authors: Soni Sandhya , Jain Monika , Rawal Divyang , Sharma Nikhil , Gupta Akash
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we analyze the performance of maximum‐ratio combining (MRC) receivers for single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. We explore the aforesaid system performance in presence of impairments like imperfect channel state information (CSI) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) errors. In general, receive diversity provides diversity gain and helps to maintain quality of service (QoS), while the NOMA system achieves higher spectral efficiency compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA). Power‐domain NOMA system transmits superimposed‐coded signal, which utilize SIC detection method at the receiving users. Here, we derive the closed‐form expression of the average bit error rate (BER) for the MRC‐based NOMA system. We also analyze the performance of the system in high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) regime through derived asymptotic expression. Furthermore, the outage probability, diversity order, and sum rate comparison between NOMA and OMA system are also presented. Simulation results also validate the derived theoretical expressions and confirm the diversity gain achieved for the considered system.
Self‐concept, creativity and developmental dyslexia in university students: Effects of age of assessment
Authors: Brunswick Nicola , Bargary Serena
Published: July 2022

Educational experiences often influence self‐concept. Thus, readers with dyslexia can have low self‐esteem and self‐efficacy, and perceive themselves as less intelligent than their peers. They may develop creativity to succeed despite their difficulties but findings are inconsistent and rarely consider the effect of age of assessment on self‐perception. This study included 145 university students (Mage = 24.43 years), 72 with dyslexia; of these, 53% had been assessed in childhood (Mage = 11.89 years), 47% in adulthood (Mage = 27.38 years). A survey assessed self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, creativity and estimated intelligence. Students with dyslexia reported lower levels of self‐esteem, self‐efficacy and estimated intelligence. When assessment age was considered, those assessed early displayed lower self‐esteem and self‐efficacy but no difference in estimated intelligence. Those assessed late displayed lower estimated intelligence and self‐esteem but no difference in self‐efficacy. Findings highlight the importance of providing psychological support to students with dyslexia to enhance their self‐perceptions.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and drought tolerance of Cinnamomum migao by enhancing physio‐biochemical responses
Authors: Yan Qiuxiao , Li Xiangying , Xiao Xuefeng , Chen Jingzhong , Liu Jiming , Lin Changhu , Guan Ruiting , Wang Daoping
Published: July 2022

Drought is the main limiting factor for plant growth in karst areas with a fragile ecological environment. Cinnamomum migao H.W. Li is an endemic medicinal woody plant present in the karst areas of southwestern China, and it is endangered due to poor drought tolerance. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to enhance the drought tolerance of plants. However, few studies have examined the contribution of AMF in improving the drought tolerance of C. migao seedlings. Therefore, we conducted a series of experiments to determine whether a single inoculation and coinoculation of AMF (Claroideoglomus lamellosum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum) enhanced the drought tolerance of C. migao. Furthermore, we compared the effects of single inoculation and coinoculation with different inoculum sizes (20, 40, 60, and 100 g; four replicates per treatment) on mycorrhizal colonization rate, plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and osmoregulatory substance contents. The results showed that compared with nonmycorrhizal plants, AMF colonization significantly improved plant growing status; net photosynthetic rate; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities; and soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline contents. Furthermore, AMF colonization increased relative water content and reduced MDA content in cells. These combined cumulative effects of AMF symbiosis ultimately enhanced the drought tolerance of seedlings and were closely related to the inoculum size. With an increase in inoculum size, the growth rate and drought tolerance of plants first increased and then decreased. The damage caused by drought stress could be reduced by inoculating 40–60 g of AMF, and the effect of coinoculation was significantly better than that of single inoculation at 60 g of AMF, while the effect was opposite at 40 g of AMF. Additionally, the interaction between AMF and inoculum sizes had a significant effect on drought tolerance. In conclusion, the inoculation of the AMF (Cl. lamellosum and Cl. etunicatum) improved photosynthesis, activated antioxidant enzymes, regulated cell osmotic state, and enhanced the drought tolerance of C. migao, enabling its growth in fragile ecological environments.
Digital health in older adults for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases and frailty. A clinical consensus statement from the ESC Council for Cardiology Practice/Taskforce on Geriatric Cardiology, the ESC Digital Health Committee and the ESC Working Group on e‐Cardiology
Authors: Guasti Luigina , Dilaveris Polychronis , Mamas Mamas A. , Richter Dimitrios , Christodorescu Ruxandra , Lumens Joost , Schuuring Mark J. , Carugo Stefano , Afilalo Jonathan , Ferrini Marc , Asteggiano Riccardo , Cowie Martin R.
Published: July 2022

Digital health technology is receiving increasing attention in cardiology. The rise of accessibility of digital health tools including wearable technologies and smart phone applications used in medical practice has created a new era in healthcare. The coronavirus pandemic has provided a new impetus for changes in delivering medical assistance across the world. This Consensus document discusses the potential implementation of digital health technology in older adults, suggesting a practical approach to general cardiologists working in an ambulatory outpatient clinic, highlighting the potential benefit and challenges of digital health in older patients with, or at risk of, cardiovascular disease. Advancing age may lead to a progressive loss of independence, to frailty, and to increasing degrees of disability. In geriatric cardiology, digital health technology may serve as an additional tool both in cardiovascular prevention and treatment that may help by (i) supporting self‐caring patients with cardiovascular disease to maintain their independence and improve the management of their cardiovascular disease and (ii) improving the prevention, detection, and management of frailty and supporting collaboration with caregivers. Digital health technology has the potential to be useful for every field of cardiology, but notably in an office‐based setting with frequent contact with ambulatory older adults who may be pre‐frail or frail but who are still able to live at home. Cardiologists and other healthcare professionals should increase their digital health skills and learn how best to apply and integrate new technologies into daily practice and how to engage older people and their caregivers in a tailored programme of care.
Carbothiolation of Styrenes by Visible‐Light‐Induced Thiyl Radicals: C3‐Functionalization of Benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones
Authors: Xi Dailin , Lu Cong , Jing Dong , Zheng Ke
Published: July 2022

Thiyl radicals by far have taken part in manifold natural processes with regard to biochemistry. Utilizing their capability of reversibly adding onto carbon‐carbon double bond may be able to create valuable transformations. Herein, we report a novel thiyl radical precursor that can release sulfur‐centered radical by irradiation of visible light under mild conditions (without metals, photocatalysts, and other additives). A series of sulfur‐containing 3,3‐disubstituted benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones were obtained with good functional group tolerance by thiol‐ene addition of styrenes with thiyl radicals. Mechanistic study confirmed the proposed process driven by EDA (Electron Donor‐Acceptor) complex.
Green Oxidation of Indoles Using Molecular Oxygen over a Copper Nitride Nanocube Catalyst
Authors: Xu Hang , Yamaguchi Sho , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo
Published: July 2022

Oxidative transformation of indoles is a promising approach for synthesizing valuable nitrogen‐containing compounds; however, conventional methods use toxic oxidants and additives. Herein, we report for the first time the catalytic oxidative trimerization and the oxygenative cleavage (Witkop oxidation) of indoles using molecular oxygen under additive‐free conditions accomplished by a copper nitride nanocube (Cu3N NC) catalyst. The Cu3N NC catalyst exhibits excellent activity to produce various indolin‐3‐ones and 2‐ketoanilides with high functional group tolerance. Owing to this excellent catalytic performance, the Cu3N NC catalyst is distinguished from the conventional copper catalysts, demonstrating the high catalytic potential of metal nitride in organic synthesis.
Chemical weathering intensity and geochemical characteristics of Cretaceous terrigenous clastic rock‐purple soil profiles in the Pushi area, Xichang
Authors: Li Tong , Li Youguo , Liu Hong , Li Suimin , Ouyang Yuan , Li Chang , Zhang Kai , Li Jia , Zhang Jinghua , Zhang Tengjiao , Huang Yong , Wu Junyi
Published: July 2022

The Pushi area of South‐west China features a large area of purple soil that formed by the weathering of Cretaceous terrigenous clastic rocks. In this study, four vertical profiles of the purple soil (P1, P2, P3, and P4) derived from different pedogenic parent rocks were investigated. Specifically, the chemical weathering intensity and element migration, enrichment, and differentiation characteristics were analysed and the influencing factors of chemical weathering were explored. According to the discrimination map of major and trace elements and content characteristics of rare earth elements, the soil profiles are controlled by complex chemical weathering processes. Various geochemical parameters and indicators exhibited good correlation, and the chemical weathering intensity of the profiles followed the order P1 (mudstone) > P3 (silty mudstone) > P4 (argillaceous siltstone) > P2 (sandstone). The overall chemical weathering intensity of argillaceous rocks was slightly higher than that of sandstone, and the four profiles generally reflected medium to strong chemical weathering. The migration, enrichment, and differentiation characteristics of geochemical elements were found to be mainly affected by different chemical weathering intensities and stages, followed by leaching deposition. The chemical weathering characteristics varied for the four profiles with different pedogenic parent rocks, which could be mainly attributed to internal factors such as the lithology of the pedogenic parent rock and external topographic factors such as altitude.
Petrology and geochemistry of the Batchingou anorthositic suite rocks (Bana volcano‐plutonic complex, Cameroon Volcanic Line): Inference on their origin and relation with host granites
Authors: Ziada Tabengo Morel , Tassongwa Bernard , Tamen Jules , Nkoumbou Charles , Njanko Théophile , Asaah Asobo Nkengmatia Elvis , Tedonkenfack Sylvin Sans Terre , Wouatong Armand Sylvain Ludovic
Published: July 2022

This study focusses on field mapping, petrographic description, and geochemical analyses of the Batchingou anorthositic suite rocks (Bana Plutono‐volcanic Anorogenic Complex, Cameroon Volcanic Line). This suite consists of gabbroic (gabbro, gabbronorite, norite, and anorthosite) and charnockitic (mangerite, jotunite, enderbite, and monzogranite) rocks and intrude Ypresian granites (51 ± 1 Ma), within an elliptically shaped corridor of 1200 × 600 m2. Gabbroic rocks evolved by crystal fractionation of olivine, hypersthene, augite, plagioclase, and ilmenite following the path: gabbro → gabbronorite → norite → anorthosite. There is little or no crustal assimilation in this suite, contrarily to the charnockitic suite which likely evolved from a jotunite melt by assimilation of the Pan‐African granito‐gneissic basement rocks. Anorthosite has high Eu/Eu* (2.04–2.66), typical of anorthosites formed as cumulates. The La/Ta ratios (9.75–20.1 in gabbro, 21–45 in anorthosite and 23–76 charnockitic rocks), La/YbN (4.2–19.5), Nb/U (22–90), and Nb/Th (5–23) suggest that the parental magma of the Batchingou anorthositic suite rocks is an alkaline basaltic melt deriving from a garnet‐bearing asthenospheric mantle, but was variably modified during ascent by lithospheric spinel lherzolites and crustal rocks. The Batchingou gabbro has characteristics of evolved tholeiites and match the composition of the Laramie high‐Al gabbro, whereas jotunite shows compositional affinity to ferrodiorites from Proterozoic anorthosite complexes. The gabbro Ni (19–39 ppm) and Cu (44–118 ppm) contents are low, indicating that their parental melt is not primitive. The Batchingou anorthositic suite differentiated from a different magma batch postdating the host granitoids and is similar to the anorthosite dykes of the Mboutou ring complex (Cameroon) and most of the ring complexes of the Aïr Province (Niger).
Vitamin D prescribing practices among clinical practitioners during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jude Edward B. , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Rastogi Ashu , Yap Moi H. , Pedrosa Hermelinda C. , Ling Stephanie F.
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

COVID‐19 has caused devastation globally. Low vitamin D status, particularly during the winter months, remains commonplace around the world, and it is thought to be one of the contributing factors toward causation and severity of COVID‐19. Many guidelines do not recommend vitamin D for the treatment or prevention of the disease. Hence, we set out to conduct a global survey to understand the use and prescribing habits of vitamin D among clinicians for COVID‐19.

Methods

An online anonymous questionnaire was sent to clinicians enquiring about their prescribing habits of vitamin D and personal use of vitamin D. Data of the survey were collected between January 15, 2021, and February 13, 2021.

Results

Four thousand four hundred forty practicing clinicians were included in the analysis, with the majority of those responding from Asia, followed by Europe. 82.9% prescribed vitamin D before COVID‐19, more commonly among general practitioners (GPs) in comparison with medical specialists, and Asian clinicians were more likely to prescribe vitamin D in comparison with Caucasian physicians (p < 0.01). GPs were also more likely to prescribe vitamin D prophylactically to prevent COVID‐19 in comparison with medical specialists (OR 1.47,p < 0.01). Most GPs (72.8%) would also prescribe vitamin D to treat COVID‐19 in comparison with medical specialists (OR 1.81,p < 0.01), as well as more Asian in comparison with Caucasian physicians (OR 4.57,p < 0.01). 80.4% of respondents were taking vitamin D, more so in the 45–54 and 65–74 age groups in comparison with the 18–24 years category (OR 2.15 and 2.40, respectively, bothp < 0.05), many of whom did so before COVID‐19 (72.1%).

Conclusion

This survey has shown that many clinicians would prescribe vitamin D for the prevention and treatment of COVID‐19. The majority would also recommend measuring vitamin D levels, but not so in patients with COVID‐19.
Comparing VIP and PD‐L1 expression as cancer biomarkers
Authors: Liu Jojo Y. , Zhang Hanwen , Ravindranathan Sruthi , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , El‐Rayes Bassel F. , Liu Yuan , Waller Edmund K.
Published: July 2022

Immune checkpoint molecules are critical targets of cancer therapies due to their ability to modulate immune responses to cancer. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been proposed as an immune checkpoint molecule, but its predictive and prognostic values have not been established. We evaluated expression levels of VIP and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) across different cancer types and identified specific cancer histologies in which the expression of these markers is elevated. We conducted systematic analyses of the prognostic and predictive values of VIP and PD‐L1 in various cancers using publicly available patient databases and analysis tools including the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, PrognoScan, Protein Atlas, cBioportal, and Timer2.0. We also assessed the relationship of PD‐L1 and VIP expression levels with survival and the frequencies of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in various cancers. We observed a negative correlation between PD‐L1 and VIP expression across cancer types, suggesting the functional redundancy of VIP and PD‐L1 immunosuppressive pathways as mechanisms of immune escape. High expression levels of VIP and the association of VIP expression with immune cell infiltrates in the pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment suggest that VIP may be a predictive biomarker for treating pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients with drugs that inhibit the VIP signaling pathway.
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Authors: Li Huilin , Chen Chong , Hu Hangyu , Li Yu , Shen Zhitao , Li Fumin , Liu Ying , Liu Rong , Chen Junwei , Dong Chao , Mabrouk Sally , Bobba Raja Sekhar , Baniya Abiral , Wang Mingtai , Qiao Quinn
Published: July 2022

In the image, there are some engineers repairing the perovskite to absorb the proper light to generate lighting, which represents that the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is enhanced by using some strategies. Meanwhile, several defenders are around the perovskite against the severe environments, such as moist, high temperature and hard light, in order to improve the stability of PSCs. In a word, authors (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12322) use this way to express the main idea of our paper that develops the high‐performance PSCs.

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Contribution of organokines in the development of NAFLD/NASH associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Vachher Meenakshi , Bansal Savita , Kumar Bhupender , Yadav Sandeep , Arora Taruna , Wali Nalini Moza , Burman Archana
Published: July 2022

Globally the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on an upsurge. Evidence is accumulating that liver disorders like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with increased risk of developing HCC. NAFLD has a prevalence of about 25% and 50%–90% in obese population. With the growing burden of obesity epidemic worldwide, HCC presents a major healthcare burden. While cirrhosis is one of the major risk factors of HCC, available literature suggests that NAFLD/NASH associated HCC also develops in minimum or noncirrhotic livers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with NAFLD and NASH related HCC that would help in early diagnosis and favorable prognosis of HCC secondary to NAFLD. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines are factors secreted by adipocytes, hepatocytes and myocytes, respectively, playing essential roles in cellular homeostasis, energy balance and metabolism with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects. In this review, we endeavor to focus on the role of these organokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and its progression to HCC to augment the understanding of the factors stimulating hepatocytes to acquire a malignant phenotype. This shall aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and tools for early diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH and HCC.