bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE, USAGE AND CHALLENGES TO DIGITAL REHABILITATION AMONG REHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS IN EAST AFRICA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL MULTI-CENTER STUDY
Authors:   College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, BYUKUSENGE Schadrack , NSEREKO Etienne
Published: February 2025

The demand for rehabilitation services is increasing globally due to aging populations, rising chronic diseases, and higher accident rates. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one in three people require rehabilitation, with this need expected to grow. However, there is a severe shortage of clinical rehabilitation professionals worldwide, particularly in East Africa, where practitioner density is far below recommended levels. Digital rehabilitation (DR) has emerged as a potential solution to bridge this gap by leveraging technology to improve service accessibility. However, research on DR implementation in East Africa remains limited. This study assessed rehabilitation professionals’ knowledge, usage, attitudes, and challenges related to DR in Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted using an online questionnaire targeting 353 registered rehabilitation professionals. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-25 and Microsoft Excel, with descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests used to determine associations between variables. Out of 216 respondents (61.2% response rate), 77.3% (n=167) were aware of DR platforms, with the internet and social media being the primary sources of knowledge (26.3%, n=44). In terms of proficiency, 46.3% (n=100) had moderate DR knowledge, while only 13.4% (n=29) demonstrated high proficiency. Knowledge levels were significantly associated with years of experience (X² = 23.965; p=0.022) and country of practice (X² = 21.072; p=0.009). Regarding DR implementation, 87% (n=188) used ICT tools in rehabilitation, but only 31.5% (n=68) used dedicated DR systems, and just 11.1% (n=24) had designated spaces for DR at their workplaces. The most commonly used DR type was image-based rehabilitation (24.54%, n=53), and WhatsApp messaging and video calls (58.33%, n=126) were the most frequently used platforms. DR was primarily used for patient follow-ups (56.48%, n=122). A majority of respondents (78.7%, n=170) were familiar with ICT, 95.8% (n=207) were comfortable using ICT, and 87.5% (n=189) had a positive attitude toward DR. DR use was significantly associated with practitioners’ perception of it as a viable healthcare solution (X² = 13.252, p=0.001), enthusiasm for using ICT in patient care and education (X² = 16.327, p=0.003), and ICT familiarity (X² = 57.344, p<0.001). Key challenges included inadequate DR training (88.4%, n=191), poor collaboration between ICT experts and clinicians (73.1%, n=158), and unstable internet connections (67.6%, n=146). The study recommends DR training programs, establishment of dedicated DR facilities, and increased awareness to improve rehabilitation service accessibility in East Africa.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-CARE PRACTICES AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT KIGEME DISTRICT HOSPITAL, RWANDA
Authors:   School of Health Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Rwanda, MUKAMUHIRWA Marguerite , Barasa. Silali Maurice
Published: February 2025

This research investigated the factors influencing home-based care for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among elderly patients at Kigeme District Hospital in Nyamagabe, Rwanda. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, with 384 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using self-administered questionnaires, and SPSS was used for analysis, including univariate and bivariate analyses, followed by binary logistic regression to account for potential confounding variables. Findings indicated that 95% of the participants used home-based care for diabetes management. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, education, marital status, and income were found to affect diabetes knowledge, with age and education being the most influential. Knowledge was a critical determinant of self-care practices, with those demonstrating higher knowledge levels showing better adherence to self-care routines. However, only 56.8% of participants reported practicing moderate self-care, and 38.3% had moderate knowledge of diabetes signs, symptoms, and home management. Married participants had the highest levels of diabetes knowledge, while those with low knowledge showed less effective self-care practices. The study highlights the importance of tailored diabetes education programs for the elderly, focusing on enhancing their knowledge and self-care practices for improved diabetes management.
Ijtihad Sebagai Pilar Kelangsungan Hukum Islam di Tengah Perubahan Zaman
Authors: Somantri Yayan , Sucipto Imam
Published: February 2025

Ijtihad is a fundamental pillar in maintaining the continuity of Islamic law, ensuring its relevance amidst the challenges of changing times. Derived from the term jahada, meaning "to strive earnestly," ijtihad empowers scholars to establish rulings when the Qur'an and Hadith provide no direct guidance. This dynamic process allows Islamic law to adapt to contemporary issues such as technological advancements, Islamic finance, human rights, and various social challenges. This article aims to analyze the concept of ijtihad, classical methods such as qiyas (analogy), istihsan (juristic preference), and the practices of the scholars of Medina, as well as their application in modern contexts. Using a qualitative approach based on literature review, the study examines classical and contemporary sources. The findings reveal that ijtihad remains a critical tool for ensuring the flexibility of Islamic law, particularly through the application of maslahah mursalah (consideration of public welfare). By adopting a dynamic yet principled approach, ijtihad serves as a strategic mechanism to address the evolving needs of the Muslim community while upholding core Islamic values.
Pergeseran Konsep Perwalian Anak Dalam Perkembangan Hukum Keluarga Di Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi  , Abdulah Pakarti Muhammad Husni , Farid Diana , Husain  , Gussevi Sofia
Published: February 2025

Perwalian anak merupakan salah satu isu penting dalam hukum keluarga yang terus berkembang sesuai dengan dinamika sosial, budaya, dan hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pergeseran konsep perwalian anak dalam konteks hukum keluarga di Indonesia, dengan menyoroti pengaruh perubahan regulasi, perkembangan yurisprudensi, dan adaptasi terhadap norma-norma internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan hukum serta analisis dokumen hukum seperti undang-undang, putusan pengadilan, dan konvensi internasional terkait perlindungan hak anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep perwalian anak telah mengalami perubahan signifikan, terutama terkait dengan penekanan pada prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak (the best interest of the child). Pergeseran ini terlihat dalam pengaturan hak perwalian yang lebih inklusif, mempertimbangkan hak dan kewajiban kedua orang tua pasca perceraian, serta memberikan ruang bagi intervensi negara dalam kondisi tertentu. Namun, implementasi perubahan ini menghadapi berbagai tantangan, termasuk kurangnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan kesenjangan antara norma hukum dan praktik di lapangan. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi agar regulasi perwalian anak di Indonesia terus disempurnakan dengan mengadopsi pendekatan berbasis hak anak serta memperkuat peran lembaga terkait untuk memastikan pelaksanaan hukum yang adil dan efektif.
Leonardo’s bestiary as a reading key for moral allegories
Authors: Dressen Angela
Published: February 2025

In the year 1494, Leonardo composed a bestiary of about 100 short entries on virtues and vices combined with animal symbolism (Paris, Bibliothèque de l’Institut de France, Manuscript H). Research has always accepted the three sources from which this bestiary is derived as the medieval Fiore di Virtù, Cecco d’Ascoli’s Acerba and Pliny’s Natural History (in the version of Cristoforo Landino), but overlooked another important source, the Libro della Natura degli Animali (also called Bestiario Toscano), which is a synchronistic version of the Fiore di Virtù and a bestiary. As much as Leonardo was inspired by these sources, he never copied entries directly for his repertory, but selected passages and alternated the narrative. This article investigates, on the one hand, the reasons for Leonardo’s selection process, which attempts to make the bestiary a pan-religious and pan-cultural repertory of animal symbolism, relying on moral and religious choices. On the other hand, it offers an investigation on the application of the repertory and its sources in his allegorical drawings by making the symbolism and short entries a reading key for his moral and witty sketches.
Parmigianino, Bedoli et Sellaer, trois inventions graphiques
Authors: Loisel Catherine
Published: February 2025

A stylistic research on a drawing from the collection of the Rouen Municipal Library, a Study of a Woman Seated, led to give it to Francesco Mazzola il Parmigianino, by comparison with other sheets on the same subject, executed during the artist’s stay in Rome between 1524 and 1527. Therefore, the examination of a drawing from the Staatsgalerie in Stuttgart makes it possible to consider it as the only one esquisse d’ensemble known for the Annonciation of Girolamo Mazzola Bedoli conserved in the Museo e Real Bosco di Capodimonte. Finally, the identification of the preparatory drawing by Vincent Sellaer for his Leda, the Swan and Her Children, now at the Seattle Museum of Art, recalls the influence exerted by Parmigianino’s drawings throughout northern Italy.
Radical transparency: A case study in the application of high reliability organisation principles at a complex Veterans Administration Medical Centre
Authors: Doelling James , Butusov Adam , Mayes Zerek D. , Morris Angela , Richardson Michael , Dube Joyce Overman
Published: February 2025

To enhance the high reliability organisation (HRO) journey and staff psychological safety at the Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, the Executive Leadership Team (ELT) created a culture where staff were provided a venue to speak up, and with confidence, without fear of reprisal when challenging leadership and sharing ideas. The results from the most recent All Employee Survey (AES) demonstrated increased employee engagement. The collective commitment led to a significant achievement of a threepoint increase in the best places to work rating. The AES survey also indicated a positive shift in psychological safety, risk identification and just culture, error transparency and risk mitigation, teamwork cohesion and overall staff engagement. Employees identified increased trust in leadership due to increased transparency and communication. An increased sense of diverse viewpoints in decision-making processes and a collective fostering of an environment of diversity, equity and inclusion is evident as fewer Hines team members report feeling discriminated against. Radical transparency has spearheaded efforts in leading culture change, which, in turn, has increased staff psychological safety, retention and patient safety. Leadership at Hines VA has made having the hard conversations comfortable and acceptable ‘the way we work’.
The population health journey: A change framework and lessons learned in a large clinically integrated network
Authors: Beran Nancy , Abdallah Ramsey , Giacomoni Lora
Published: February 2025

Traditional change models, while valuable, often lack the structure and flexibility needed to address the complexities of today’s healthcare environment. The adoption of population health requires a coordinated, systematic approach with executive leadership sponsorship and a well-articulated change management strategy. The Ambulatory Quality Improvement Collaborative (AQIC) is a framework to drive populationlevel change to meet quality initiatives, including accountable care organisation (ACO) all-payer reporting models. The framework’s design includes an oversight committee of executive leaders utilising a unified change management strategy supported by an experienced project management team. The AQIC model emphasises a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach, bringing together stakeholders from across the healthcare system to drive system-wide quality improvement. The framework’s structure is detailed, outlining its important workstreams and their roles in driving change. Using case studies focused on hypertension control and depression screening, the effectiveness of the AQIC model in translating system-wide goals into tangible clinical improvements is demonstrated. This work highlights the critical role of data aggregation, performance management and health equity considerations in driving successful change initiatives. By leveraging data to identify disparities and track progress, the AQIC model enables targeted interventions and promotes equitable care delivery. The importance of continuous improvement and the AQIC model’s adaptability in addressing evolving healthcare challenges are emphasised.
Dilapidations claims and The Art of War: Timeless lessons for avoiding litigation
Authors: Nash Adam , Bignell Kc Janet
Published: February 2025

Sun Tzu was an ancient Chinese military strategist, general and philosopher thought to be the author of The Art of War. He is believed to have lived c. 544–496 bce. The Art of War contains a series of lessons on how best to prepare to win without, ideally, ever having to fight. The lessons provide some readily transferable (and for these particular purposes light-hearted) tactical reminders for any property professional assisting a client who may otherwise find themselves facing the battle of bi-party litigation. If a possible source of dispute can be headed off at the pass, or a settlement can be reached without darkening the door of the courtroom, that is a good win for all concerned. This paper is adapted from Janet and Adam’s original ‘Art of War’ lecture delivered at the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) Dilapidations Conference in London on 26th March, 2024.
TAILORED appreciation: A novel, actionable and low-cost method to reduce clinician burnout
Authors: Bickel Jennifer , Busis Neil A. , Barnett Christina N.
Published: February 2025

In the growing crisis of burnout among physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs), there is an often overlooked yet practical solution: tailored appreciation. Nationwide, over 50 per cent of physicians and APPs do not feel valued by their organisations. Not feeling valued contributes to burnout and turnover; however, misunderstanding often occurs in regard to how the sense of feeling valued can be improved. Moffitt Cancer Center developed the Moffitt Provider Appreciation Assessment (MPAA) to better understand the perceived impact of various appreciation methods among clinical faculty and APPs and then used this information to guide department and organisational leaders towards practical solutions. Survey results revealed that no single method of appreciation had a universally high or low impact. All methods could be considered impactful to various degrees based on personal preferences. Some of the most highly rated ways to improve a sense of feeling valued (inclusion in decision making and reducing daily frustrations) may not traditionally be considered as ‘appreciation methods’ but were ranked more impactful than awards, academic promotion, gifts and even financial incentives. Moffitt department leaders used their department-specific data to create, measure and implement initiatives geared towards improving appreciation. In addition, the results informed broader well-being initiatives. Burnout rates and a sense of feeling valued have steadily improved.
Upgrading the energy efficiency of listed buildings : What options are available to owners of listed and historic properties?
Authors: Pacifici Martina
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the unique challenges faced by owners of listed and historic buildings, and their professional advisers, in making these properties suitable for modern living while ensuring their long-term preservation amid the climate emergency. The challenges are significant, as the fabric and design of these buildings often make it extremely difficult to upgrade to modern standards. Consequently, maintaining these properties — keeping them in good repair, watertight and fit for comfortable living — must be balanced with the constraints of period features and listing restrictions. Looking ahead, the paper addresses strategies for preserving embodied carbon and explores modern passive and active solutions to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. These interventions must be executed with exceptional sensitivity to avoid compromising the property’s historic fabric and character, both externally and internally. Passive and active solutions, or a combination of both, are examined, with the ideal design stages for their application highlighted. Passive solutions focus on repair, upgrading and remedial measures such as tackling water ingress, draughts, ventilation and insulation. Active solutions such as heat pumps, solar photovoltaics and biomass require the deployment of new materials and technology and, while these will increase a property’s embodied carbon, make a significant difference in securing a property’s future integrity and enhancing its energy efficiency. While the constraints of listed status will limit what can be done, the paper outlines a range of options allowing workable solutions to be found in the majority of cases.
Factors Affecting Voting Behavior in Darya Khan A Case Study of General Elections 2018
Authors: Ahmed Nisar
Published: February 2025

This research examines the complex factors shaping voter decisions in Darya Khan during the 2018 general election, including leadership, religion, political campaigns, and demographics. By employing a survey technique with a self-structured questionnaire and rigorous data analytic methodologies, this study reveals noteworthy associations between voting patterns and other independent variables, it reveals that leadership skills and party manifestos significantly influence voter preferences, while religion has a subtler but large impact. Demographic factors, such as gender, age, urban-rural divide, income, and occupation, show notable variations in voting behavior. Urban voters differ from rural ones, and gender plays a substantial role. This study contributes valuable insights into electoral dynamics, helping scholars, policymakers, and the public better understand the complexities of voting behavior.
Impact of Ukraine War on Energy Sector in Pakistan: Implications for Political Economy
Authors: Raza Syed Hamid , Khan Muhammad Zubair
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the extensive impacts of the Ukraine war on Pakistan, focusing on critical domains such as the energy sector, political stability, economy, and foreign relations. The study reveals disruptions in Pakistan's energy infrastructure, driven by global energy price surges and LNG contract disruptions. Political ramifications include a decline in politicians' popularity due to inflation, civil-military relations, and governance stability. Economic challenges manifest in rising global energy costs, inflation, and vulnerabilities to global economic fluctuations. Diplomatically, Pakistan faces pressures to align with Russia or the Western bloc but maintains an officially neutral stance, navigating complex geopolitical dynamics. The research emphasizes the interconnectedness of global events and the need for strategic decision-making. This study is guided by post positivist philosophy. Interviews were conducted for primary data collection from experts on the topic from different fields around Pakistan. Politicians, Journalists, Government officials and academics were included in the interviews.
Soluble biomarkers as predictors of response to immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung cancer (NSCLC)-insights from the tumor microenvironment perspective
Authors: Hussain Fathima Hasnain Nadeem , Shafique Khadija , Raza Afsheen
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer is the major cause of mortality worldwide with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) contributing to 85% of the cases. FDA approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 are widely used as a standard treatment. However, the response rate is limited and is observed in only 20-40% of the patients. Therefore, predictive and prognostic biomarkers to help stratify responders vs. non-responder patients, is needed to understand disease dynamics and allow improved management with effective utilization of these valuable drugs. In this context, tissue-based biomarkers have several limitations such as invasive sampling, tumor heterogeneity and difficulty in longitudinal monitoring. Therefore, non-invasive blood-based biomarkers could serve as impactful tools as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in ICI treated NSCLC patients. In lieu of this, this review article aims to provide updated insight on the utility of soluble molecules such as soluble immune checkpoints, exosomes and cytokines as prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response in ICI treated NSCLC patients.
La eficacia de las políticas monetaria y fiscal en Japón
Authors:   Consejero económico, Carrascosa Antonio
Published: February 2025

Desde principio de la década de los 90 Japón registra un bache económico sin precedentes en su historia reciente. Tras haberse adoptado múltiples medidas para favorecer la recuperación de la economía japonesa, la segunda en importancia en el mundo, dicha recuperación no llega. En este contexto de frustración se ha generado la polémica sobre la supuesta ineficacia de las políticas tradicionales de estímulo de la demanda (políticas monetaria y fiscal). El análisis de la citada controversia es, precisamente, el objeto del presente artículo. En el ámbito de la política monetaria se consideran dos períodos de análisis, en función de la aparición en 1995 del primer episodio deflacionista. Las posturas se encuentran enfrentadas. Por un lado, la mayoría de los autores consideran que el estímulo monetario, aunque significativo, ha sido insuficiente. Por otro lado, están los autores que defienden la política ejecutada por el Banco de Japón y realzan los factores estructurales como origen del largo período de estancamiento económico japonés. En el presente artículo se analizan con detalle ambas posturas. En la segunda parte del articulo se aborda la eficacia de la política fiscal durante el mismo periodo. Tras exponer las medidas tomadas se realizan diversas consideraciones sobre la orientación de los impulsos fiscales y la sostenibilidad de la ingente deuda pública generada en estos años.
'Experiencias y herramientas para anticipar y curar la deflación. ¿Qué puede hacer un banco central?
Authors:   Analistas Financieros Internacionales, Cano Martínez David
Published: February 2025

A lo largo de la primera mitad de 2003 se ha intensificado el debate sobre la posibilidad de anticipar episodios deflacionistas, sobre la capacidad de las autoridades económicas para evitarlos, sobre las posibilidades para contrarrestarlos en caso de que se produzca y, en especial, sobre los riesgos de que algunos países como EE.UU. o Alemania se adentraran en una coyuntura que derivara en una caída generalizada de los precios como la que sufre Japón desde 1995. El objetivo del presente artículo no es aportar información adicional sobre los riesgos de cada uno de estos países sino sobre los tres primeros aspectos. Es decir, se trata de analizar las herramientas analíticas disponibles para anticipar la deflación y las políticas económicas más adecuadas en manos de un banco central para evitarla o, en su caso, poner remedio a una caída de los precios.
Sobre convergencia y cambio estructural. Un apunte para las regiones españolas
Authors:   Universidad de Zaragoza, Aixalá José , Simón Blanca ,   Universidad de Zaragoza
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la convergencia condicionada de la renta regional en España y los factores determinantes de los diferentes estados estacionarios. Para ello se utiliza la técnica de datos de panel con las cifras publicados por la Fundación BBV (1955-1997). En el caso de la productividad, se sigue una descomposición shift-share para separar los efectos regional, especialización y cambio estructural. Los resultados muestran la existencia de convergencia condicionada entre las regiones españolas. El abanico de estados estacionarios obtenidos es explicado, atendiendo a la dotación factorial, por el capital privado y el capital humano, mostrando el capital público su significatividad solamente con posterioridad a 1985. En cuanto a los componentes de la renta regional, es la productividad la que determina los estados estacionarios regionales, siendo el cambio estructural su elemento definitorio durante la etapa de crecimiento 1955-1975. A partir de la crisis económica de los setenta, el cambio estructural va cediendo su protagonismo al componente regional.
El desarrollo de la industria auxiliar de automoción en la economía vasca
Authors:   Universidad Pública de Navarra, Aláez Aller Ricardo , Bilbao Ubillos Javier ,   Universidad del País Vasco, Camino Beldarrain Vicente ,   Universidad del País Vasco
Published: February 2025

El artículo analiza el desarrollo del importante tejido productivo configurado en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco por la industria auxiliar de automoción. Esta industria surge a partir de una importante base industrial en el campo de los transformados metálicos, aprovechando la proximidad tecnológica existente con algunas actividades que irán demandando los fabricantes de automóviles. La evolución histórica de la industria auxiliar ha estado directamente condicionada por dos circunstancias: los cambios progresivos en los modelos de organización productiva del sector de automoción (que determinan las relaciones proveedor-fabricante) y la evolución del marco normativo que regula los mercados del sector. Este contexto cambiante nos permitirá diferenciar tres etapas en la evolución, hasta llegar al actual proceso de internacionalización y concentración que vive esta industria.
Intermediarios bancarios frente a mercados financieros
Authors:   Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Torrero Mañas Antonio
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar el papel de la intermediación bancaria y el de los mercados financieros. En la década de los noventa se han producido cambios fundamentales en la consideración de ambas instituciones. Hasta la primera mitad del decenio, la idea prevaleciente consideraba que la intermediación bancaria era más adecuada en términos tanto de estabilidad como de promoción de la inversión productiva y, por consiguiente, de crecimiento de la renta y del empleo. Esa idea se derivaba de la mejor evolución de los países en los cuales predominaba la intermediación bancaria. Los intermediarios bancarios estaban comprometidos con las empresas en proyectos a largo plazo; además, vigilaban su cumplimiento, ayudaban cuando aparecían dificultades y promovían la reestructuración de las empresas cuando la situación lo exigía. El modelo de banca relacional, comprometida con la actividad empresarial, había demostrado mayor solidez y coherencia. En los últimos diez años se ha producido un vuelco radical. Al modificarse el crecimiento económico comparado, también lo han hecho las convicciones prevalecientes sobre el modelo financiero ideal.
Evolución y resultados de la gestión de la calidad en las empresas de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Heras Saizarbitoria Iñaki , Arana Landín Germán ,   Universidad del País Vasco, Casadesús Fa Martí ,   Universitat de Girona
Published: February 2025

En este artículo se analiza la incidencia y la difusión de la Gestión de la Calidad a lo largo de los últimos años en las empresas vascas, analizándose cómo han evolucionado las implantaciones de Sistemas de Aseguramiento de la Calidad conforme a la normativa ISO 9000 y de Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad Total que utilizan como referencia el modelo EFQM. Se analiza, asimismo, cuál ha sido la motivación de las empresas a la hora de implantar estas normas y modelos, así como cuáles han sido sus efectos, según se desprende de sendos estudios empíricos de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo llevados a cabo recientemente en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco.
Desinversión y deslocalización de capital extranjero en España
Authors:   Universidad Complutense, Fernández Otheo Carlos Manuel , Martín Barroso David ,   Universidad Complutense, Myro Sánchez Rafael ,   Universidad Complutense
Published: February 2025

Los fenómenos de desinversión y deslocalización han recibido escasa atención en la literatura económica. En España, los sectores manufactureros en su conjunto, y en especial los más avanzados tecnológicamente, han sido los más afectados por ella a lo largo de la pasada década; y a la par, los flujos de entrada han disminuido considerablemente. Si contemplamos la influencia de este doble proceso en la presencia del capital extranjero 'medido este último a través de la Central de Balances del Banco de España', se constata una reducción de la población empresarial y de la cuantía del capital social controlado por éste, confirmándose la importante pérdida de posiciones de los sectores más avanzados. Por último, para completar la secuencia, se ha tratado de medir qué parte de estas desinversiones se han traducido en deslocalizaciones. De entrada ha de señalarse que las empresas de no residentes realizan más actividad deslocalizadora que las locales, y que sigue siendo fundamental el desvío de actividades hacia la Unión Europea, a pesar de la creciente importancia de los países de bajos salarios. Y, de nuevo, gran parte de los casos corresponden a actividades avanzadas e intermedias; lo que es relevante a efectos productivos por su mayor dificultad para que tomen el relevo las empresas locales.
Panorámica de los estudios sobre inversión extranjera directa
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, Rodríguez González Carlos , Gómez Vega Carmen ,   Universidad del País Vasco, Ferreiro Aparicio Jesús ,   Universidad del País Vasco
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo es una recopilación de las principales fuentes estadísticas sobre la inversión extranjera directa (IED), así como de la literatura más reciente sobre dicho fenómeno. Como todo intento de realizar un survey representativo queda limitado por el propio conocimiento de los autores y por sus preferencias subjetivas a la hora de centrar su atención e interés en aquellos aspectos considerados más relevantes y pertinentes, máxime en una materia o disciplina en la que la cantidad de literatura producida en los últimos años es abrumadora.
The Impact of Patriarchal Norms on Women's Empowerment in Rural Indian Families
Authors: Jyoti Singh, Prof. (Dr.) Ambika Prasad Pandey, Nisheet Kumar
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of patriarchal norms on the empowerment of women in rural Indian families, focusing on the socio-cultural and economic barriers women face. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to assess the roles of patriarchal norms in shaping women’s empowerment outcomes. A sample of 137 rural women was surveyed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 respondents to understand their lived experiences. The findings reveal that patriarchal structures significantly impede women's access to education, economic independence, and social mobility. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis confirms that these norms have a negative impact on empowerment, with regional and class-based disparities affecting empowerment levels. Community-driven initiatives, particularly education and mentorship, show promise in challenging these barriers. The study concludes by proposing targeted interventions, including legal reforms, educational access, and economic support programs, to address gender inequality in rural India.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE EFFECTS OF START-UP ACCELERATORS
Authors:   Research Assistant, Department of Corporate Secretaryship, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India, Jeyasheela A. Arockia , Arumugam U ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Corporate Secretaryship, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
Published: February 2025

Business incubators have been mushrooming in the recent past. There have been various studies on the impact of business incubators to the entrepreneurs and their diverse ideas. The major objectives of the study were to determine the factors affecting success of business incubators and identify impact level of those factors. An empirical study was conducted so as to insights and ideas. This study explores the impact of incubators and accelerators on startup success, analyzing their roles in mentorship funding and investment, Networking and collaboration, Structured Learning, Resource and Infrastructure.
Determinan Display, Kualitas dan Citra Merek rerhadap Pembelian Produk Malaysia
Authors: Karunia Erick , Sani Amar
Published: February 2025

Permasalahan ini Kurangnya tindakan koreksi maupun pengawasan dari atasan untuk pegawainnya, Adanya pegawai yang datang terlambat pada saat apel pagi dan langsung pulang, dan ada yang tidak hadir pada saat apel pagi namun tetap datang untuk kerja, Kurangnya kewaspadaan pada tanggung jawab masing-masing pegawai, Adanya perbedaan pendapat antara pegawai yang satu dengan yang lainnya, Adanya miskomunikasi antara pegawai yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Penelitian ini yaitu bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengawasan, konflik kerja, disiplin kerja pegawai dan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh pengawasan dan konflik kerja terhadap konflik kerja pegawai pada Dinas Sosial Kota Bima. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah metode asosiatif. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengawasan berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja pegawai, konflik kerja berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja pegawai, secara simultan pengawasan dan konflik kerja secara bersama sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja pegawai pada Dinas Sosial Kota Bima
Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Persediaan Pada CV Surya Gemilang Sentosa
Authors: Chendana Nicholas Ignatius Chendana , Mario Stevanus
Published: February 2025

CV Surya Gemilang Sentosa merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang distribusi onderdil (sparepart) mobil dan menyediakan layanan servis mobil. Proses bisnis di bidang distribusi merupakan membeli barang dari beberapa supplier dan menjualnya kembali. Umumnya dalam proses distribusi, setelah membeli barang dari supplier, dilakukan pencatatan jumlah stok barang, dan saat dijual kembali kepada pelanggan, diberikan nota sebagai bukti transaksi. Tetapi pada CV Surya Gemilang Sentosa, barang yang dibeli dari supplier setelah diterima, dicek kesesuaiannya, dan nota pembelian diberikan kepada admin untuk dibuat laporan bulanan, tidak ada pencatatan jumlah stok barang. Masalah ini menjadi acuan untuk merancang sebuah sistem informasi pada CV Surya Gemilang Sentosa, sebuah sistem yang dapat mengelola persediaan barang pada perusahaan. Perancangan sistem ini ditujukan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pada saat pelanggan membeli barang, pelanggan harus menunggu lama karena stok barang secara fisik dicek di toko. Dalam pengembangan sistem informasi, digunakan metode Waterfall, dengan perangkat lunak database MySQL, dan sistem yang dirancang merupakan sistem berbasis Android menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Flutter karena diinginkan sistem dapat diakses secara fleksibel.
Voices from the Fringes. A Discourse Analysis of Nicola Sturgeon’s Speech on Scotland’s Place in the World
Authors: Tăbăcaru-Stoian Gabriela
Published: February 2025

This chapter aims to present a discourse analysis of the First Minister’s speech. Language is not merely supposed to be a means of communicating information, but also a tool for compelling conclusions, establishing or denying claims: “Discourse analysis sees texts as sites in which social meanings are formed and reproduced, social identities are shaped and social facts are established”, while discourse alone “is a systematic ordering of language which involves rules, terminology and conventions. They shape specific ways of speaking and understanding. It is a group of statements which provide a language as a way for representing a particular kind of knowledge about a topic. […] Critical discourse analysis is concerned with the social and political context of discourse, based on the view that language is not only conditioned by these contexts, but itself helps constitute them.”

British identity can very well be defined by analysing the way Scotland promotes its international image. In her speech, Nicola Sturgeon addresses topics like immigration, climate change, Brexit and Scottish independence, offering a full and complex picture of her nation’s state of affairs, as to give Scots a voice through her own. 
The Advertising Discourse in the Fashion Industry
Authors: Munteanu Bianca Georgiana
Published: February 2025

The contemporary advertising discourse constitutes a highly fertile ground for pragmalinguistic, rhetorical, and stylistic analysis due to its effective utilization of persuasion strategies, lexical creativity, the opposition between verbal and non-verbal elements, and stylistic contrasts. This study aims to provide, on the one hand, an analysis of advertising within the fashion industry and, on the other hand, an examination of consumer behavior and the process of adaptation to the evolving consumer society. The objective of the research is to explore, explain, and describe this phenomenon to facilitate a deeper understanding of both advertising itself and its relationship with members of the consumer society.  The primary goal of this study is to develop a model for analyzing advertising discourse, with a focus on elucidating its pragmatic significance. The analysis is centered on interpreting both linguistic and extralinguistic components of discourse, thereby enabling the identification and projection of its pragmatic aspects across different levels of language.
Euphemisms and Other Languages
Authors: Perez Cenel Augusto
Published: February 2025

This article explores the pervasive role of euphemisms across various domains, focusing on their use in legal, medical, and everyday language. Euphemisms serve as linguistic tools to soften harsh realities, convey politeness, and navigate sensitive topics. In legal contexts, euphemisms often mask complexities or ambiguities, while in medical settings, they are employed to depersonalize or obscure uncomfortable truths. The study also examines "hot language" as a means to exaggerate mundane experiences and analyses the everyday necessity of euphemisms to navigate social interactions. By highlighting the historical evolution and modern applications of euphemisms, the article underscores their adaptability and cultural significance.
Mapping the Specter: Seeing Asking for It as Spectral Realism
Authors: Ragsdale-Richards Marybeth
Published: February 2025

This paper argues that O’Neill intentionally adopts the traditional standards of patriarchal poetics in Asking for It to underscore the immediacy of dispelling rape myths. To this effect, feminist visual culture studies have been utilized to draw attention to the way O’Neill antagonizes the male gaze—and thus the spectator’s gaze—in Emma’s self-fashioning and in the sexual violence that the rapist perpetrates against her. Even though fetishistic scopophilia and sadistic voyeurism drive the plot forward, O’Neill’s text actively resists the pleasure in looking, as the masculine ego ideal of the male “hero” requires readers to identify with the gaze of the rapists. Consequently, Asking for It is an instance of spectral realism, wherein Emma’s first-person narration of the rape creates the effect that readers are spectators complicit in the assault and contribute to her capitulation. This paper contends that Asking for It is a text that feminist literary scholars and teachers can utilize to pathologize the post-modern young adult novel.
Sevilla y Toledo, un derecho concejil común (siglos XV-XVI)
Authors: Fernández Gómez Marcos
Published: February 2025

En la primera mitad del siglo XVI el Concejo de Toledo ordenó elaborar el llamado Libro de los Juramentos de Toledo, códice solemne sobre el que sus gobernantes, desde los reyes a los miembros del Cabildo, debían jurar el respeto y mantenimiento de los derechos y privilegios de la ciudad. En el contenido de este códice destaca la copia de dos documentos dirigidos por el infante Fernando de Antequera, en nombre del rey Juan II, a la ciudad de Sevilla. Son los llamados Ordenamientos de 1411 y 1412, que pueden considerarse un auténtico compendio del derecho municipal sevillano. Esto quiere decir que buena parte de las normas de organización del Concejo de Toledo proceden de Sevilla y culminan en el Libro de los Juramentos en el siglo XVI, pero tienen un origen muy anterior, de principios del siglo XV, en el proyecto de Juan II y sus asesores de crear un derecho concejil común al menos en las tres grandes ciudades castellanas: Sevilla, Toledo y Murcia, trasvasando las normas sevillanas a las dos últimas.
Animal Movement into western Kenya: The dynamics on introduction of cystic echinococcosis in a non-endemic region
Authors: Mutwiri Titus
Published: February 2025

Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is endemic in humans and livestock in many pastoral communities in Kenya. The distribution of the disease is enhanced by several factors, including livestock trade, which has allowed for the spread of CE to non-endemic areas such as western Kenya. Documentation of a net inward trade in livestock from neighboring counties, open disposal of offal within slaughterhouse compounds, continuous scavenging opportunities by roaming dogs, as well as frequent interactions between humans, livestock, and dogs, indicate the possible establishment of the parasite’s life cycle in this study area, with consequent public health implications and economic loses. The measures to control infection by the parasite will require further understanding of the impact of animal movement and other transmission dynamics.
Continuous Professional Development in Long Acting Reversible Contraception for Nurses and its influence on Services provided to women at Mbagathi County Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Tuya Scolastica Wabwire , Gatere Ruth , Njuguna Susan
Published: February 2025

Health professionals maintain, improve and broaden their knowledge and skills in a way that helps them develop qualities and competencies during practice. Continuous Professional Development (CPD) in nursing enhances competencies grounded in evidence base as new knowledge emerges in health care, and is therefore a valuable tool for implementing best practices. Advances in reproductive health seek to reduce risk of maternal morbidity and mortality that could be as a result of women not spacing births or having unmet needs for family planning. This study sought to evaluate the influence of CPD in provision of Long Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC), and to identify challenges in provision of service by nurses at Mbagathi County Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. A cross sectional study design was used on a population of nurses working at Mbagathi County hospital, in units that provide reproductive health services. Sixty six nurses were eligible to for the study and were therefore purposively selected due to their numbers of eligibility so as to allow every one of them to participate in the study. Data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted in MS excel and chi square test in epi-info version 7. The response rate was 98%, where 58(88%) questionnaires were analysed. The mean age of the nurses was 33.5 (SD± 7.5). The outcome of this study showed significant association between CPD and provision of LARC: OR: 7.47, at 95 % CL: CI: 1.82-30.65 and P-Value -0.003. Inadequate supplies and equipment were the major challenges in provision of LARC. Continuous Professional Development in Long Acting Reversible Contraception influenced service delivery in provision of contraceptive method. The study recommends improved provision of commodities and supplies for family planning, improved knowledge and skills on LARC, and targeted updates in family planning practices for effective service delivery.
THE INFLUENCE OF GADGETS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OFPRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN: THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPEREDUCATION
Authors: Azizah Alya Nur
Published: February 2025

The rapid development of technology, especially in gadgets, has influenced various aspects of life,including among students. Excessive use of gadgets can hurt students' physical and mental health. This research aims to provide education about the negative impacts of excessive use of gadgets on students at school. The method used is counseling through seminars and interactive discussions to increase students' understanding of potential health risks and psychological disorders due to dependence on gadgets. The research results show that this counseling can increase students' awareness of the importance of using gadgets wisely and healthily, as well as its impact on their lives. Therefore, it is hoped that this counseling can make a positive contribution to forming healthy habits among students in using gadgets.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE DURATION AND IMPACT OF GADGET USE ONELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT
Authors: Wira Surya Dinata Santoso  , Tsabit aqdamal hasan  , Tantowi Rista Adillah  , Mohammad Ilham Fauzi  , Arshy Prodyanatasari
Published: February 2025

In this modern era, gadgets have become an inseparable part of everyday life. The rapid development of software on gadgets allows us to access various applications for communication, entertainment, and learning. Gadget use is no longer limited to a certain age, so many children, including students at SDN Bandar Kidul 01 Kota Kediri, use gadgets in their daily activities. The problem that arises is how often the intensity of gadget use by elementary school students is and the impact it has on their lives. This research aims to analyze the duration of gadget use and its impact on students at SDN Bandar Kidul 01 Kediri City, with a focus on academic, health, and social aspects. The research was carried out through an outreach approach and filling out questionnaires by students as research subjects. The research results show that the average student uses gadgets for 1-2 hours per day, with the main aim of playing games and watching videos for entertainment. Negative impacts include decreased focus on learning for students, health problems such as eye fatigue for students, and reduced social interaction for students. On the other hand, the use of gadgets for educational applications is reported to support students' learning process. These results emphasize the importance of supervision from parents and teachers to regulate the use of gadgets wisely. With good time management, negative impacts can be minimized and the benefits of gadgets in supporting education can be optimized.
OPTIMIZATION OF SINKING FEED FORMULATION AND ADMINISTRATION STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCED CATFISH (Clarias sp.) PRODUCTIVITY IN PADANG BAKJOK VILLAGE, TANGAN-TANGAN DISTRICT, SOUTHWEST ACEH, ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: Nurhatijah  , Indah Permatasari  , Kurnia  , Humeira  , Masyitah  , Husna
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this activity is to increase the awareness and capacity of the community in Padang Bak Jok Village, Tangan-Tangan District, Southwest Aceh Regency in making feed for catfish farming through education and training on the process of making and feeding sinking feed. The implementation method includes material presentation and field practice. The results showed an increase in the community's awareness and ability to calculate the amount of feed and feed-making/feeding techniques. This activity also encouraged the community to start a fish farming business with facilitation support from the Village Government and BUMG (Village-Owned Enterprises).