bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homann Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer of Hybrid Nanofluids Over a Permeable Radially Stretching/Shrinking Sheet
Authors: Yap Bing Kho  , Rahimah Jusoh  , Mohd Zuki Salleh  , Mohd Hisyam Ariff  , Ioan Pop
Published: August 2021

The steady two-dimensional Homan stagnation point flow and heat transfer of water base hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3 & Cu) over a permeable radially stretching/shrinking sheet have been studied. The similarity variables are introduced to transform the partial differential equations of the model into the ordinary differential equations. Numerical findings and dual solutions have been carried out by implementing the bvp4c code through MATLAB software. The most prominent effect is illustrated in the boundary layer thickness where the velocity profile increases upon the increment of the suction intensity but decreases in the temperature profile. Besides, the reduced Nusselt number also decreases as enlarging the value of copper and alumina nanoparticle volume fraction. The analysis of the first and second solutions are presented graphically with critical values as well as the detail discussions on the effects of the other involving parameters.
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach for Optimizing the Actuator Nozzle Design of Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (pMDI)
Authors: Muhammad Faqhrurrazi Abd Rahman  , Suzairin MD Seri  , Nor Zelawati Asmuin  , Ishkrizat Taib  , Nur Syakirah Rabiha Rosman
Published: August 2021

Recently, a remarkable scientific interest in the inhalation therapy for respiratory disease was spiked attributed to the growing prevalence of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) is the best option by providing fast and efficient symptomatic relief within the lung. However, the rapid development of new inhalation devices could be critical in this competitive environment, and optimizing the inhalation devices could be costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach was used to shorten the development time. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) in ANSYS version 19.2 was introduced to discover the optimal design for the actuator nozzle to increase the performance of pMDI. Three (3) parameters (orifice diameter, length, and actuator angle) were optimized, and the best design was selected according to the analysis of particle tracking. The analysis of spray plume was also conducted and compared to analyze the spray plume characteristic produced by three designs. The result showed that RSM generated three (3) models for the new design of the actuator nozzle (Design A, Design B, and Design C). Among three (3) designs, actuator nozzle design C showed the highest injection particle number (232457) and the only one that produced maximum particles velocity magnitude in the acceptable ranges (35.67m/s). All three designs showed a similar pattern as maximum particle velocity magnitude decreased along the axial length until they match the air velocity (0.03-0.04 m/s). Furthermore, the spray plume length, angle, and width were observed to increase linearly with the decreasing maximum particle velocity magnitude. Thus, this study suggested that design C might have the potential as a new actuator nozzle to develop future pMDI to relieve the respiratory condition.
Application of AHP and FAHP Algorithm for Supplier Development Evaluation
Authors: Rahayu Tukimin  , Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood  , Maimunah Mohd Nordin  , Mohd Razali Muhamad  , Numfor Solange Ayuni
Published: August 2021

Implementation of supplier development (SD) is appropriate for a firm that intends to reduce costs and streamline its operations while minimising defective products. However, the number of practices involved in the SD program is too large, making them difficult to manage. Conventionally, the selection of decisions is based on multicriteria and is often complex and unstructured. Thus, this paper proposed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) methodologies to evaluate and select SD practices. Both methods produced the same result. The results obtained can be indicated by the production professionals as guidelines to look for the opportunity to implement the SD program to improve the capabilities of their suppliers.
ДИНАМИЗИАЦИЯ МЕЖОТРАСЛЕВЫХ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЕЙ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА И РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ БЛАГ В ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ
Authors: Гасанов Э. А. , Красота Т. Г.
Published: August 2021

Взаимодействие между производствами, отраслями, агрегированными по принципу технологической общности, сводятся к проблеме согласования межотраслевых потоков товаров и услуг со структурой конечного потребления. Общественное разделение труда определяет межотраслевые потоки товаров и услуг, которые сильно влияют на формирования технологической структуры экономики.
ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ ПОДПИСЬ: ВИДЫ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СФЕРАХ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Неверова Е. В.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассмотрены виды и проблемы применения электронной подписи в цифровой экономике Российской Федерации.
ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ КАК СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ТРЕНД РАЗВИТИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ЛОГИСТИКИ
Authors: Зимин А. С. , Беляева Е. Р.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию вопросов цифровизации транспортной отрасли как одного из основных факторов развития логистических систем. В ней обозначены преимущества применения информационных технологий в транспортном секторе, а также описываются подходы к совершенствованию данных процессов.
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ВЕНДИНГОВЫХ СЕТЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Рудецкая А. В.
Published: August 2021

Cтремление минимизировать издержки обращения, забота об окружающей среде, повышение значимость бесконтактного процесса покупки в условиях пандемии приводит к появлению высокотехнологичных ведниговых аппаратов. В статье рассматриваются вопросы развития вендингового бизнеса, в частности обозначен ряд современных тенденций, направленных на повышение его эффективности и обуславливающих динамичное развитие вендинговых сетей как автоматизированных систем распределенного доступа
«РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ» ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ: НОВЫЙ ВЫЗОВ ИЛИ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Кетова А. В.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена роли и перспективам использования дистанционного обучения в высшей школе. В статье рассмотрены основные характеристики и свойства дистанционных образовательных технологий применяемых в высших образовательных учреждениях Российской Федерации. Проанализированы ключевые трудности, возникшие в процессе внедрения электронной образовательной среды в учебный процесс, связанные с разработкой технологии обучения и проблемами технического характера, проектированием обучающих программ и общей компьютерной грамотностью. Затронута проблема превалирующего использования традиционных средств и методов обучения, применяемых на практике в высшей̆ школе, имеющих негативное влияние на качество образования и приводящих к снижению качества результатов образовательного процесса и неэффективному формированию конкурентных преимуществ выпускаемых специалистов. В статье также выявлены ключевые условия эффективной организации системы дистанционного обучения и предлагаются возможные пути решения, представленных проблем.
“THE MORE THINGS STAY THE SAME: AN EDUCATORS VIEW ON THE QUESTION OF DISTANCE LEARNING’S IMPACT ON EDUCATION”
Authors: Workman David
Published: August 2021

A teacher’s look back at the last year as the world struggled through the global pandemic that changed so many of the things we took for granted. Special attention is given to the effects that distance learning has had on the educational process for the worse and for the better.
ВЕБ-САЙТ КАК ОСНОВНОЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ УСПЕШНОЙ КОММЕРЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ НА РЫНКЕ
Authors: Жирикова И. В. , Михмель М. В. , Бойкачева Е. В.
Published: August 2021

В век информационных технологий интернет является неотъемлемой частью жизни каждого, он безвозвратно вошел в нашу жизнь. Лицом компании является ее веб-сайт. От удобства использования, дизайна, структуры, контекста которого зависит желание потенциального клиента воспользоваться услугами компании. Веб-сайт является необходимым инструментом продвижения товаров и услуг в условиях современного бизнеса. Для компании важно, чтобы потенциальные клиенты были осведомлены о самой компании, товарах, услугах, а также их полезности и новинках. В данной статье рассматривается использование коммерческой компанией собственного веб-сайта, который позволяет реализовывать цели повышения продаж, имиджевые и информационные цели. В качестве основных характеристик сайтов коммерческих компаний выделены информация, привлекательность, простота навигации, дополнительные возможности, обратная связь.
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОММЕРЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19
Authors: Чойжалсанова А. Ц. , Базарова Э. В.
Published: August 2021

В научной статье рассмотрены различные подходы к трактовке понятия «электронная коммерция», выделены основные характеристики данного термина и отличительные особенности от понятия «электронный бизнес» на современном этапе. Определены типы организационных моделей электронной коммерции. Выполнен анализ динамики развития электронной коммерции в России и в мире, показавший активный рост доли населения, реализующих покупки посредством сети Интернет. Тем не менее, доля таких пользователей в России всё ещё достаточно мала по сравнению с аналогичными показателями таких стран, как Китай, США, Великобритания и др. Исследованы аспекты влияния пандемии короновирусной инфекции на развитие электронной коммерции в России, в результате чего были выделены основные тенденции: активный рост доли населения, делавших покупки через Интернет; в результате влияния пандемии получили положительное развитие моделей B2B и B2C электронной коммерции; принятые карантинные меры стимулировали население и организации к осваиванию новых цифровых сервисов и технологий, предприниматели стали активно использовать инструменты электронной коммерции, стали разрабатывать собственные сайты, открывать интернет-магазины и организовывать доставку товаров на дом.
РОЛЬ МАРКЕТИНГОВЫХ КОММУНИКАЦИЙ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ УЗНАВАЕМОСТИ БРЕНДА
Authors: Толмачева И. А. , Коломина К. Г.
Published: August 2021

Аннотация: в данной статье рассматривается роль маркетинговых коммуникаций в формировании узнаваемости бренда, на примере компании ООО «Фэшн Форвард». Описываются действия, предпринятые отделом рекламы и связей с общественностью для вывода на российский рынок данной компании, а также способы увеличения узнаваемости бренда и создания положительного имиджа в кризисный период.
ОЦЕНКА КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ТОРГОВОЙ СЕТИ
«РАЗ ДВА» НА РЫНКЕ РОЗНИЧНОЙ ТОРГОВЛИ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННЫМИ ТОВАРАМИ Г. ХАБАРОВСКА
Authors: Широкова А. Д. , Пиханова С. А.
Published: August 2021

В статье изложены результаты маркетингового исследования конкурентоспособности торговой сети «Раз Два», проведенного авторами. Был обоснован круг прямых конкурентов, определены параметры конкурентоспособности на рынке розничной торговли продтоварами и определен уровень конкурентоспособности торговой сети «Раз два». Выявлены факторы, снижающие конкурентоспособность компании, что позволило разработать рекомендации по улучшению положения сети «Раз два» на рынке розничной торговли г. Хабаровска.
МАЛОЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В СИСТЕМЕ ПОСТИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ И ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ КНР
Authors: Цзяо Цзе , Гасанов Э. А.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается возможность создания эффективной предпринимательства в рамках «полюсов роста» и цифровой трансформации экономики КНР. В целом определены доминирующие факторы современного предпринимательства, необходимые для динамичного и эффективного роста в новых условиях хозяйствования.
New records for chewing lice of the genus Dennyus Neumann, 1906 (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) on two swifts from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Shammery Kholoud
Published: August 2021

Very little is known about the chewing lice fauna of Saudi Arabia especially from swifts (Apodidae). Swifts are common resident and migratory birds throughout Saudi Arabia. Two chewing lice genera are known for parasitising swifts throughout the world:DennyusNeumann, 1906 andEureumNitzsch, 1818, none of which have been recorded from the Kingdom before.

Two species of resident wild swifts were examined for chewing lice for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Two rare lice species were identified: D. (Dennyus) hirundinis (Linnaeus, 1761) andDennyussp. (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) infesting the common swiftApus apus(Linnaeus, 1758) and African palm swiftCypsiurus parvus(Lichtenstein, 1823), respectively. The described chewing lice species are considered as new country records. They will be added to the Saudi Arabia parasitic fauna. Taxonomical and ecological remarks were provided for the identified chewing lice through this work, along with notes on swift/chewing lice interaction.
A new species of Chalepides Casey, 1915 (Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini) from the Pantanal of Brazil
Authors: Ratcliffe Brett C. , Seidel Matthias
Published: August 2021

Chalepides pantanalensis Ratcliffe & Seidel is described as a new species from the Pantanal region in Brazil. A description, diagnosis for distinguishing the species, illustrations, and a distribution map are provided. The new species is morphologically compared with C. howdenorum Joly & Escalona and C. osunai Joly & Escalona.
On the occurrence of lateral openings and fossae (pleurocoels) in the thoracic vertebrae of neornithine birds and their functional significance
Authors: Mayr Gerald
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The occurrence of lateral openings and pleurocoels (lateral fossae) in the corpus of the thoracic vertebrae of extant and fossil neornithine birds is reviewed, with both features having been identified as osteological correlates of the avian pulmonary system. Openings mainly occur in larger species with a high overall bone pneumatization but do not seem to serve for the passage of lung or air sac diverticula. Pleurocoels, on the other hand, are not directly related to pneumatic features and constitute a plesiomorphic trait that was widespread in Mesozoic non-neornithine birds. It is noted that an inverse correlation exists between the occurrence of pleurocoels and the pneumatization of the humerus, with pleurocoels being mainly found in extant and fossil taxa, in which the humerus is not pneumatized by diverticula of the clavicular air sac. Here it is hypothesized that pleurocoels primarily serve to increase the structural resistance of the vertebral body and were reduced multiple times in neornithine birds. In some taxa, their reduction may be related to the development of the furcula, which assists ventilation of the clavicular and cervical air sacs and may thereby contribute to the pneumatization of both, the humerus and the thoracic vertebrae. If so, Mesozoic non-neornithine birds, which had a rigid furcula with massive shafts as well as non-pneumatic humeri and pronounced pleurocoels, are likely to have differed in functional aspects of their air sac system from extant birds.
Resolving a century-old case of generic mistaken identity: polyphyly of Chitoniscus sensu lato resolved with the description of the endemic New Caledonia Trolicaphyllium gen. nov. (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)
Authors: Cumming Royce T. , Tirant Stephane Le , Büscher Thies H.
Published: August 2021

With every molecular review involving Chitoniscus Stål, 1875 sensu lato samples from Fiji and New Caledonia revealing polyphyly, the morphology from these two distinct clades was extensively reviewed. Morphological results agree with all previously published molecular studies and therefore Trolicaphylliumgen. nov. is erected to accommodate the former Chitoniscus sensu lato species restricted to New Caledonia, leaving the type species Chitoniscus lobiventris (Blanchard, 1853) and all other Fijian species within Chitoniscus sensu stricto. Erection of this new genus for the New Caledonian species warrants the following new combinations: Trolicaphyllium brachysoma (Sharp, 1898), comb. nov., Trolicaphyllium erosus (Redtenbachher, 1906), comb. nov., and Trolicaphyllium sarrameaense (Größer, 2008a), comb. nov. Morphological details of the female, male, freshly hatched nymph, and egg are illustrated and discussed alongside the Chitoniscus sensu stricto in order to differentiate these two clades which have been mistaken as one for decades.
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of 295 Patients With Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Chen Nan , Zheng Yi
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study analyzes the clinical features of Chinese patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP).

Methods

The clinical data of 295 patients with RP at Beijing Tongren Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The mean age of onset was 41.0 ± 15.0 years. The sex ratio was 1:1. Up to 70.5% of the patients had airway involvement during the disease course; among them, the larynx was most commonly affected (82.2%). One-quarter (25.7%) of the patients with laryngeal involvement underwent tracheotomy as a result of progressive dyspnea or acute laryngeal obstruction. Younger age at onset and respiratory symptoms at initial presentation were independent risk factors for tracheotomy in patients with RP with laryngeal involvement. The risk of tracheotomy in patients who presented with respiratory symptoms was 2.35 times higher than that of patients who presented with other symptoms (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.23–4.50,P= 0.01). The risk of tracheotomy increased by 4.8% for every 1-year decrease in the age at onset (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97,P< 0.001). The incidence of lower respiratory tract infection was much higher in patients with airway involvement than in those without airway involvement. The main cause of death was respiratory failure as a result of airway obstruction.

Conclusion

There is a high prevalence of airway involvement in Chinese patients with RP. Laryngeal involvement is associated with a high risk of death. More attention should be paid to patients with RP with laryngeal involvement who are young at disease onset and present with respiratory symptoms.
Dose-dependent Pharmacological Response to Rituximab in the Treatment of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis
Authors: Springer Jason M. , Funk Ryan S.
Published: August 2021

Objective

Rituximab (RTX) is effective in the induction and maintenance of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). However, uncertainty remains regarding the optimal maintenance dosing regimen. This work evaluates the relationship between variability in RTX dosing and pharmacological response in AAV.

Methods

A prospective cohort of patients with AAV (n = 28) with either granulomatosis with polyangiitis (n = 23) or microscopic polyangiitis (n = 5) receiving maintenance RTX therapy were followed in a single tertiary care academic medical center over a 2-year period. Patient demographics, RTX dosing information, and trough plasma RTX levels were collected along with laboratory measures of pharmacologic response, including B cell counts and ANCA titers.

Results

RTX dosing information from 94 infusions with 59 trough samples were collected with a mean ± SD dose of 640 ± 221 mg, dosing interval of 210 ± 88 days, and trough plasma RTX concentration of 622 ± 548 ng/mL. RTX trough concentrations were associated with RTX dose (ρ = 0.60, P < 0.0001) and dosing interval (ρ = –0.55, P < 0.0001). RTX dosing intensity (mg/d) was associated with RTX trough concentrations (ρ = 0.57, P < 0.0001). Higher dosing intensities were associated with undetectable B cell repopulation (P < 0.0001), but not negative ANCA titers (P = 0.60). Stratification of dosing intensities based on the standard dosing regimen of 500 mg every 6 months (2.4–3.3 mg/d) demonstrated that this regimen was associated with B cell repopulation in 8 of 17 doses (47%) compared to 0 of 23 doses (0%) with the high-dose regimen (> 3.3 mg/d; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

RTX maintenance dosing of 500 mg every 6 months may be inadequate to maintain B cell depletion in the treatment of AAV.
Oligoarticular vs Polyarticular Psoriatic Arthritis: A Longitudinal Study Showing Similar Characteristics
Authors: Gladman Dafna D. , Ye Justine Y. , Chandran Vinod , Lee Ker-Ai , Cook Richard J.
Published: August 2021

Objective

The objectives of this study were to determine whether patients with oligoarticular presentation differ from those with polyarticular presentation and to identify potential predictors for evolution of oligoarthritis to polyarthritis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods

Patients who entered the University of Toronto PsA clinic between 1978 and 2018 within 12 months of diagnosis were identified. Only patients with ≥ 2 clinic visits were included. Patients were followed at 6- to 12-month intervals according to standard protocol, which included demographics, clinical history, detailed clinical examination, laboratory information, and patient questionnaires. Radiographs were done at 2-year intervals.Oligoarthritiswas defined by the presence of ≤ 4 inflamed joints andprogressionas an increase to ≥ 5 joints. Statistical analyses included logistic regression models as well as Weibull regression models, adjusted for age, disease duration, and sex.

Results

Of 407 patients, 192 (47%) presented with oligoarthritis. Whereas demographic features were similar to those with polyarthritis, more patients with polyarthritis presented with dactylitis and enthesitis. Similar joint distribution was observed, with small joints of the hands and feet being most commonly affected. Patients with polyarthritis had higher Health Assessment Questionnaire and lower 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores. Of the 192 oligoarticular patients, 117 (61%) remained oligoarticular and 75 (39%) progressed to polyarthritis. A lower SF-36 mental component summary (MCS) score was the predictor for progressing to polyarthritis.

Conclusion

Oligoarticular PsA occurs in 47% of patients with PsA and is similar to polyarticular disease, with most patients having small joint involvement. The only predictor for progression to polyarthritis was lower SF-36 MCS.
Le Liban au temps de l’« amour civil »
Authors: De Giacometti Michela
Published: August 2021

Cet article s’attache à restituer l’évolution des paradigmes qui ont accompagné la bataille pour la légalisation du mariage civil au Liban depuis la fin de la guerre civile et leurs médiatisations publiques. Les modes de l’action publique engagés par des collectivités militantes au prisme de la notion de politique des émotions y sont problématisés. Ces collectivités mobilisent le mariage civil comme étant symbole du vivre-ensemble, de l’anti-communautarisme et d’un État civil, alors même qu’elles proposent un modèle d’action individualiste, basé sur la notion de liberté contractuelle. En faisant dialoguer les expériences militantes avec celles des couples ordinaires unis par un mariage civil, je montre que l’attention portée au paradigme du communautarisme masque d’autres formes de hiérarchisation sociale.
Le « Ventre de Beyrouth ». Du hub marchand à l’espace ressource, ethnographie du Marché de gros de fruits et légumes de Beyrouth à Sabra
Authors: Boissière Thierry , Hajjar Layane , Hajjar Alexandre
Published: August 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude ethnographique réalisée sur le Marché de gros de fruits et légumes de Beyrouth au cours du printemps 2019. Situé aux abords des camps palestiniens de Sabra et Chatila, mais fortement investi par les Syriens, ce marché apparait à la fois comme un hub marchand, un centre d’approvisionnement métropolitain et un pôle d’emplois plus ou moins informels. Il constitue aussi, à travers des activités de récupération, un espace ressource important pour une population particulièrement démunie résidant à proximité. Il alimente enfin de nombreux petits commerces de rues, le plus souvent tenus par des Syriens.
Les relations UE-Chine, l’accord global sur les investissements (AGI) et l’autonomie stratégique de l’Union européenne
Authors: Telo Mario
Published: August 2021

Cet article analyse le contenu et la structure de l’Accord global sur l’investissement (AGI) – en anglais « Comprehensive Agreement on Investment » (CAI) –, alors signé par les autorités de l’Union européenne avec la Chine le 30 décembre 2020. Il considère ensuite le débat qui s’est ouvert en Europe sur sa ratification (en suspens) à la lumière dimensions géopolitiques de la politique commerciale européenne.
An Analysis of the Perception Gap between the EU’s Connectivity Strategy and China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Xuechen Chen , Xinchuchu Gao
Published: August 2021

Renforcer la connectivité entre l’Asie et l’Europe et combler le manque d’infrastructures en Europe centrale et orientale est le principal objectif de l’initiative chinoise des « nouvelles routes de la soie » (Belt and Road Initiative, BRI). Parallèlement, l’UE renforce ses efforts stratégiques visant à relier l’Europe avec d’autres régions du monde. Sa communication conjointe « Relier l’Europe à l’Asie – Éléments fondamentaux d’une stratégie de l’UE », dont l’objectif est de stimuler la connectivité Asie-Europe, en est un exemple éloquent. Dans ce cadre, le présent article explore les perceptions divergentes qu’ont l’UE et la Chine de la connectivité, et ses implications sur la coopération UE-Chine. Nous avançons que l’UE et la Chine ont des approches différentes de la connectivité. Qui plus est, l’écart de perception entre l’UE et la Chine quant au concept de connectivité représente un défi aux efforts de coopération entre les deux acteurs.
Health physics calculation framework for environmental impact assessment of radiological contamination
Authors: Teodori Francesco ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, via dei Colli, 16 - 40136 Bologna (BO) Italy
Published: August 2021

A fundamental step for safety assessment is the study and modeling of the radionuclide transfer through the environment up to reach and expose population to risk. In this vein we are working to provide a reliable and flexible computational framework which can be used for both retrospective and prospective calculations of radiation doses and human health effects, resulting from both routine and uncontrolled releases of radionuclides to the environment and from pre-existing environment contamination. The goal is to provide a multipurpose computational tool to be used for siting facilities, environmental impact statements, and safety analysis reports. The code can handle: external exposure from finite or infinite atmospheric plumes; external exposure from contaminated soil, sediments, and water; external exposure from special geometries; and internal exposures from inhalation, inadvertent intake of soil, consumption of terrestrial foods, aquatic foods, drinking water, and animal products.
Computation of reverse degree-based topological indices of hex-derived networks
Authors: Koam Ali N. A. ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University, New Campus, Jazan 2097, Saudi Arabia, Ahmad Ali , Ahmad Yasir ,   College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Published: August 2021

Network theory gives an approach to show huge and complex frameworks through a complete arrangement of logical devices. A network is made is made of vertices and edges, where the degree of a vertex refers to the number of joined edges. The degree appropriation of a network represents the likelihood of every vertex having a particular degree and shows significant worldwide network properties. Network theory has applications in many disciplines like basic sciences, computer science, engineering, medical, business, public health and sociology. There are some important networks like logistical networks, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, derived networks. Topological index is a numerical number assigned to the molecular structure/netwrok which is used for correlation analysis in physical, theoretical and environmental chemistry. The hex-derived networks are created by hexagonal networks of dimension $ t $, these networks have an assortment of valuable applications in computer science, medical science and engineering. In this paper we discuss the reverse degree-based topological for third type of hex-derived networks.
“APRENDA A DEFENDER SEU FILHO”
Authors: De Freitas Nery Ana Karoline , Zingleara Soares Marinho Joseanne , Barbosa Cardoso Elizangela
Published: August 2021

Este artigo analisa as políticas públicas de saúde, assim como a atuação dos médicos na prevenção e a terapêutica da sífilis congênita em Teresina, capital do Piauí, nos anos 1930 e 1940. No período ocorreu a divulgação das ideias acerca da relevância da preservação da saúde diante de moléstias que assolavam o estado. A sífilis destacava-se pelo alto grau de incidência, existindo a preocupação em alertar a população a respeito da doença, notadamente acerca das consequências deletérias que acarretava durante a gestação. A metodologia utilizada envolveu a utilização de autores como Carrara (1996), Ujvari (2019), Sanglard (2008), Delumeau (2009) e Marinho (2018) para a análise do Jornal Diário Oficial do Piauí, além de Mensagens e Relatórios governamentais. Concluiu-se que o medo da doença era foco das discussões de sifilógrafos, médicos e governo, sendo que o enfrentamento da sífilis materno-infantil era um dos requisitos para o futuro progresso do Piauí.
SECA, A EPIDEMIA E A FOME NAS CAPITANIAS DO NORTE - (1790-1793)
Authors: Dos Santos Mendes Jeferson
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar a ação dos administradores coloniais durante a chamada “grande seca” nas capitanias do Norte. Durante os anos de 1790-1793, a capitania de Pernambuco e as capitanias anexas/subordinadas – Rio Grande, Paraíba e Ceará – sofreram com a seca, a epidemia e a fome que assolaram toda a região. As ações do governador-geral da capitania principal e dos capitães-mores das capitanias menores, além dos agentes camarários são o foco do trabalho. Atores obrigados a moldar suas ações individuais, escolhas e decisões, num contexto de falta de recursos e em paralelo às reações de outros atores nesse “universo de possíveis”. Para a pesquisa, utilizaremos como fontes documentais as cartas do governador de Pernambuco e dos capitães-mores das capitanias anexas, além da documentação referente as capitanias de Pernambuco, Rio Grande, Paraíba e Ceará depositadas no Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino e disponibilizadas pelo Projeto Resgate, os termos de vereação das Câmaras municipais, relatórios, escritos e memórias de viajantes e administradores coloniais.
ENTRE MIASMAS E MÉDICOS
Authors: Souza Williams Andrade de
Published: August 2021

Este artigo discorre sobre a municipalidade e sua atuação no âmbito da saúde pública no Brasil oitocentista. Tomamos como objeto de pesquisa a Câmara Municipal do Recife e suas medidas para lidar com os problemas médico-sanitários da cidade entre os anos de 1829-1849. Além de referências bibliográficas sobre o tema, analisamos um conjunto de fontes primárias – leis, atas das reuniões municipais, relatórios, periódicos, relatos de viajantes etc. - que nos permitem um vislumbre sobre a questão e o governo camarário em sua estrita interlocução com o corpo social, o saber e as instituições médicas vigentes para lidar com as problemáticas da insalubridade e saúde na cidade.
ANTIRRACISMO TRANSNACIONAL
Authors: Pacheco Ana Júlia
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta e analisa indícios das estratégias da luta antirracista brasileira protagonizada pelo Movimento Negro renovado na década de 1970 em diálogo com a luta antiapartheid empregada por sul africanos contra o regime segregacionista implantado em 1948. O objetivo é identificar e reconhecer o movimento negro brasileiro partícipe do movimento antirracista na diáspora, onde experiências africanas e de seus descendentes nas Américas e na Europa, estão interconectadas e se influenciam mutuamente através da circulação de ideias que transcendem fronteiras nacionais.
MIGRAÇÕES E TERRITORIALIDADE
Authors: Santos Junior Edson Dos
Published: August 2021

Considerando a cultura de mobilidade indígena Guarani no território entre fins do século XX e as primeiras décadas do século XXI, este artigo faz uma breve revisão bibliográfica acerca das migrações internacionais para situar as migrações Guarani na região da fronteira trinacional entre Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai. Nesse sentido a noção de fronteira é aqui ligeiramente considerada como recurso dispensado para melhor analisar as migrações contemporâneas de indígenas Avá-Guarani através do território na referida fronteira. À guisa de uma conclusão, faz-se algumas considerações acerca das vantagens e desvantagens do estudo em pauta com auxílio da história.
PESTE NEGRA: UMA ANÁLISE FILMOGRÁFICA PARA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Radunz Roberto , Bodan Rampazzo Henrique
Published: August 2021

A Peste Negra devastou o mundo no período medieval, particularmente entre 1347 e 1351, pela sua rápida propagação e ausência de métodos preventivos e de cura. No medievo essa pandemia gerou um medo coletivo diante da ausência de diagnósticos científicos e da própria mentalidade do período. Esse blecaute pandêmico tem sido objeto de análise dos medievalistas que têm ressaltado inclusive a falta de expectativas para a própria existência humana. Para além dos historiadores, o tema em questão também tem inspirado cineastas de maneira muito ampla. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo se propõe fazer uma análise de três filmes – Morte Negra (2010), Caça às Bruxas (2011) e O Cavaleiro das Trevas (2013) –, nos quais a peste negra é pano de fundo. O objetivo do estudo, interdisciplinar por envolver História e Cinema, é fornecer a professores de História uma base analítica para trabalhar esse aspecto da Idade Média em sala de aula de forma didática.
The Qualitative Relationship Between Banks and SMEs in Wales
Authors: Woldie Atsede , Hagshenas Hooman , Thomas Brychan Celfyn
Published: August 2021

A long-term or close and intense relationship with banks could help overcome the main problems like asymmetric information. Using collateral is another way to overcome the effects of asymmetric information. The findings show that having collateral does not reduce loan costs, and on the other hand it will increase the availability of finance for small businesses. In general, small businesses use pecking order theory in choosing their formal sources of finance. Because of their lack of knowledge, they are not completely aware of available sources of finance. Banks are the first and most important external finance provider for small businesses, so having a good long-term relationship with banks can help them to overcome problems like asymmetric information, which would influence their access to more finance. Collateral is the other way to access more finance and it can help small businesses in their relationship with banks, especially in a period of unsustainability to reduce the risks for banks.
Ambidexterity in Context of Micro and Small Firms
Authors: Özşahin Mehtap
Published: August 2021

Micro and small firms operating in a volatile business environment are coerced to manage their limited resources for survival in the short term and sustaining competitiveness in the long term, which is achieved through concurrent pursuit of exploitation and exploration activities, namely through ambidexterity. Indeed, resource and competency constraints create both pressure and challenge for micro and small firms to pursue exploitation and exploration simultaneously, which makes this issue (ambidexterity) more essential to those firms. Thus, this chapter, examining the ambidexterity in context of micro and small firms, is expected to contribute to literature by providing an insight on how micro and small firms would survive and sustain in a highly volatile business environment through their ambidextrousness. In this respect, after “ambidexterity” is explicated, the essentiality of ambidexterity for micro and small firms operating in volatile business environment will be discussed, and an ambidextrous organization model for micro and small firms to achieve better performance will be proposed.
Tailorable Technologies for Improving Business Intelligence Systems
Authors: Miah Shah J.
Published: August 2021

The Australian farm-based businesses can be benefited from specially designed applications for cost-effective operation while maximizing profits to survive in economic and environmental crises. For decision support, existing business intelligence systems (BIS) approaches scarcely deal with specific user's provisions to adjust changing situations in decision making, without extra technical exertions. In this chapter, the authors describe a conceptual framework of tailorable BIS solution that is based on case study findings in that the highlighted requirements are relevant to address changing situations through enhancing end user's engagement. The activities of end user's engagement supported through the use of tailorable features that reinforce a shift from the traditional BIS process to a new provision where business owners can actively involve in adjusting their features to their decision support.
Factors Influencing the Use of E-Commerce by Small Enterprises in Nigeria
Authors: Ekanem Ignatius , Abiade Gbolahan Emeka
Published: August 2021

The aim of this article is to assess the factors influencing the use of e-commerce by small enterprises in Nigeria. The study adopts a qualitative methodology which involves in-depth, semi-structured interviews and direct observation in order to derive answers to such questions as ‘why' the system is adopted and ‘how' the Nigeria economic conditions influence the system. The article suggests that the main factors which motivate the adoption of e-commerce by small businesses in Nigeria are market expansion and reduced market costs. The findings also indicate that increasing access to the Internet and changing lifestyle enable the success of e-commerce in Nigeria. The implications of the study are discussed.
Key Factors of Dynamic SMEs in Colombia Using GEM Data
Authors: Bernal León Darío Parra , Cusi Milenka Linneth Argote
Published: August 2021

This chapter contributes to the public policy discussion about the key factors related with dynamic SMEs in Colombia. Authors analyze the case of Colombia through a quantitative approach with a binomial logistic model to estimate the level of association between selected independent variables and dynamic SMEs in the country using GEM data 2017. One of the most important outcomes was that the export activity as well as the level of education of entrepreneurs and previous business experience increase the propensity of Dynamic SMEs in the country. In contrast, variables such as seed capital at the beginning of business and business training did not show a significant relationship with Dynamic SMEs for this case. Notwithstanding the prosperity entrepreneurship ecosystem in Colombia, only 3% of entrepreneurs and their companies are classified as dynamic by authors' model, and there are still great challenges to changes in public policy toward knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship.
An Analysis of Implementation of Digitalisation in SMEs in India
Authors: Arora Amit Kumar , Rathi Priya
Published: August 2021

This article attempted to analyse the implementation of digitalisation in small and medium manufacturing enterprises in India. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of the size of the firm on the adoption of digitalisation, and motives for the adoption and challenges faced during the adoption process. Logistic regression, t-Test and descriptive statistics have been used to analyse the data. The study found that the size of the firm is an important factor for the adoption of digitalisation. An increase in sales, profitability, competitive capability and awareness of the brand were found as the most motivating factor for the adoption of digitalisation. Satisfaction with the current system, high cost, the lack of appropriate technology and the lack of top management support were the most important challenges faced by the organisations during the adoption process of digitalisation. The study recommended firms which have not adopted digitalisation to think in this regard as there are several benefits associated with the adoption of digitalisation.
Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Pricing of Small Business Loans
Authors: Vieru Markku , Peltoniemi Janne
Published: August 2021

This study analyzes corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues in small business finance in Finland, especially within relationship banking. The study combines credit-file data obtained from a large local Finnish bank with a CSR questionnaire conducted with the bank's business loan managers. The credit-file data contain specific details of CSR characteristics, as well as relationship-, collateral-, firm-, and loan-specific characteristics. CSR, typically considered as a non-financial item, contains value-relevant financial information which affects the loan pricing level. The results show that both overinvestment in CSR and the value created by CSR are valid but connected to different CSR characteristics. Overinvestment is associated with the environment and value creation with diversity and employees. The results contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of CSR in the context of small business bank lending, as well as more generally to important implications for small firms, banks, and management practices.
Small Business Financing for Supporting SMEs in Indonesia
Authors: Suyono Eko , Takhar Amandeep , Chitakunye David
Published: August 2021

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the main pillars of a country economy, especially within developing countries. These types of businesses have existed since the Dutch colonial era. However, their existence is now threatened due to the rapid expansion of modern businesses that have spread into rural areas of Indonesia. Therefore, SMEs are in dire need of government assistance from both central and local governments, from a financial and non-financial perspective. In order to strengthen the SMEs' capital, so that they are able to sustain their businesses, this chapter intends to propose a financing model for SMEs that could be given by the government through financial institutions, so that SMEs will be able to gain easy access to capital resources. In the other words, this condition is expected to give maximum support to the development of SMEs. As a result, the SMEs will contribute to eradicating unemployment and poverty by strengthening the economy of Indonesia.
The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on SMEs Performance
Authors: Wuen Chin Han , Ibrahim Fahmi , Ringim Kabiru Jinjiri
Published: August 2021

There is currently a dearth of knowledge for human resource management under an SMEs context. As a result, it is assumed that human resource management based on large business organizations is applicable for SMEs at a smaller scale. From the resource-based view, this article investigates the impact of human resource management practices towards the SMEs in Brunei Darussalam. By conducting an exploratory study, a questionnaire survey of 296 was collected from the local SMEs to ascertain how the human resource management practices impact their performance. This is followed by the analyzing the result via the Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression which suggests that specific human resource management practices have a significant impact on the SMEs. As part of the contribution, the article extends the knowledge of human resource management in SMEs context by understanding their impact towards the SMEs performance.
The Roles and Challenges of Micro and Small Enterprises in Urban Employment Creation in Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Degwale Gebeyehu , Kifle Moges Yirgabelew
Published: August 2021

This study had the objective of assessing the roles and challenges of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in urban employment creation in Debre Berhan Town, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. Mixed research approach was adopted and both primary and secondary data was collected. The study had a total of 352 respondents who were selected using systematic sampling technique. Tools of data collection were questionnaire, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The findings of the study revealed that MSEs have indeed contributed significantly in creating urban employment, and in generating income of employees. However, the capacity of creating employment and generating income varies among MSE. While the construction and manufacturing sectors had better employment creation and income generation capacity, trade sector was the least in creating such opportunities. The challenges of MSEs in employment creation include lack of adequate finances, inputs, poor organizational structure and management, poor government support and regulations, and technological challenges.
Small and Medium Enterprises' Challenges of Accessing Microfinance in Nigeria
Authors: Woldie Atsede , Ubrurhe Uruemuesiri
Published: August 2021

Despite the fact that small and medium enterprises have been viewed as a major promoter of technological development and employment generation in Nigeria, the sector has been neglected by successive governments (Gideon, 2015). This has resulted in unpalatable consequences on the economy (Gideon, 2015). The major challenge of the sector is poor funding (Afolabi & Ehinomen, 2015). Consequently, policies and efforts should be geared towards accelerating the growth and development of the sector (Afolabi & Ehinomen, 2015). According to Onwumere, (2000) a lack of funding has been a specific obstacle to investment and growth in the sector. The need to contribute to the current debate, update knowledge on the subject matter and make informed recommendations when implemented will lead to a change in fortune for the small and medium enterprise sector in the Nigerian economy which has informed this study. The chapter sets out to explore the qualitative relationship between small and medium enterprises and banks. Despite the fact that small and medium enterprises have been viewed as a major promoter of technological development and employment generation in Nigeria, the sector has been neglected by successive governments. This has resulted in unpalatable consequences on the economy. The major challenge of the sector is poor funding. Consequently, policies and efforts should be geared towards accelerating the growth and development of the sector. A lack of funding has been a specific obstacle to investment and growth in the sector. The need to contribute to the current debate, update knowledge on the subject matter and make informed recommendations when implemented will lead to a change in fortune for the small and medium enterprise sector in the Nigerian economy which has informed this study. The chapter sets out to explore the qualitative relationship between small and medium enterprises and banks.
China's Infrastructure Financing and the Role of Infrastructure in Awakening African Economies
Authors: Ehizuelen Michael Mitchell Omoruyi
Published: August 2021

African economies, through Agenda 2063, recognize that developing infrastructure – transport, electricity, energy, water, and e-connectivity – will be critical for the region to assume a lasting place in the global economic system. As a result, this paper addresses the continent’s infrastructure gap and provides an important insight into the rapidly growing presence of China’s official infrastructure financing in Africa as well as the distinctive character of its involvement. In addition, the paper provides an empirical evaluation of the role of infrastructure in awakening African economies. The generalized-method-of-moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic models of panel data developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), and Arellano and Bover (1995) was employed to estimate an infrastructure-increased growth model.