bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is source‐resolved magnetoencephalographic mismatch negativity a viable biomarker for early psychosis?
Authors: López‐Caballero Fran , Curtis Mark , Coffman Brian A. , Salisbury Dean F.
Published: August 2023

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event‐related response reflecting the pre‐attentive detection of novel stimuli and is a biomarker of cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ). MMN to pitch (pMMN) and to duration (dMMN) deviant stimuli are impaired in chronic SZ, but it is less clear if MMN is reduced in first‐episode SZ, with inconsistent findings in scalp‐level EEG studies. Here, we investigated the neural generators of pMMN and dMMN with MEG recordings in 26 first‐episode schizophrenia spectrum (FEsz) and 26 matched healthy controls (C). We projected MEG inverse solutions into precise functionally meaningful auditory cortex areas. MEG‐derived MMN sources were in bilateral primary auditory cortex (A1) and belt areas. In A1, pMMN FEsz reduction showed a trend towards statistical significance (F(1,50) = 3.31; p = .07), and dMMN was reduced in FEsz (F(1,50) = 4.11; p = .04). Hypothesis‐driven comparisons at each hemisphere revealed dMMN reduction in FEsz occurred in the left (t(56) = 2.23; p = .03; d = .61) but not right (t(56) = 1.02; p = .31; d = .28) hemisphere, with a moderate effect size. The added precision of MEG source solution with high‐resolution MRI and parcellation of A1 may be requisite to detect the emerging pathophysiology and indicates a critical role for left hemisphere pathology at psychosis onset. However, the moderate effect size in left A1, albeit larger than reported in scalp MMN meta‐analyses, casts doubt on the clinical utility of MMN for differential diagnosis, as a majority of patients will overlap with the healthy individual's distribution.
Augenblickdiagnose in neurology: Revisiting ‘diagnosis in the blink of an eye’
Authors: Caldeiras Catarina , Seabra Sousa Edgar , Carneiro Diogo Reis , Carvalho João , Rego Ricardo , Varela Ricardo , Araújo Rui
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

The art of diagnosis in clinical neurology requires attentive listening and careful observation. In certain situations, a fragment of the history or a physical sign may be so distinctive that it allows clinicians to evoke a specific diagnosis. This quick mental process was previously referred to as ‘Augenblickdiagnose’ (‘diagnosis in the blink of an eye’) in a seminal paper by Dr. William Campbell in 1998. We aimed to revisit this concept by providing additional clinical vignettes.

Methods

The authors wrote clinical vignettes using examples from their own clinical practice and performed a non‐systematic review of influential neurology textbooks using the words ‘pathognomonic’ and ‘highly suggestive’.

Results

Twenty examples from various fields of neurology are presented in a table, stratified by major fields of neurology. A short educational reflection is provided for each diagnosis considered.

Conclusion

‘Augenblickdiagnose’ is an engaging teaching resource that also contributes to ‘neurophilia’, that is, a fascination for neurology, perhaps increasingly in today's modern neurology practice. However, multiple cognitive biases underlying mental shortcuts may lead to an incorrect diagnosis. It is important to stress that good clinical practice in neurology requires taking a thorough history and performing a careful neurological examination.
How registry data are used to inform activities for stroke care quality improvement across 55 countries: A cross‐sectional survey of Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES‐Q) hospitals
Authors: Fasugba Oyebola , Sedani Rupal , Mikulik Robert , Dale Simeon , Vařecha Miroslav , Coughlan Kelly , McElduff Benjamin , McInnes Elizabeth , Hladíková Sabina , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Middleton Sandy
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

The Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES‐Q) is a worldwide quality improvement data platform that captures performance and quality measures, enabling standardized comparisons of hospital care. The aim of this study was to determine if, and how, RES‐Q data are used to influence stroke quality improvement and identify the support and educational needs of clinicians using RES‐Q data to improve stroke care.

Methods

A cross‐sectional self‐administered online survey was administered (October 2021–February 2022). Participants were RES‐Q hospital local coordinators responsible for stroke data collection. Descriptive statistics are presented.

Results

Surveys were sent to 1463 hospitals in 74 countries; responses were received from 358 hospitals in 55 countries (response rate 25%). RES‐Q data were used “always” or “often” to: develop quality improvement initiatives (n = 213, 60%); track stroke care quality over time (n = 207, 58%); improve local practice (n = 191, 53%); and benchmark against evidence‐based policies, procedures and/or guidelines to identify practice gaps (n = 179, 50%). Formal training in the use of RES‐Q tools and data were the most frequent support needs identified by respondents (n = 165, 46%). Over half “strongly agreed” or “agreed” that to support clinical practice change, education is needed on: (i) using data to identify evidence–practice gaps (n = 259, 72%) and change clinical practice (n = 263, 74%), and (ii) quality improvement science and methods (n = 255, 71%).

Conclusion

RES‐Q data are used for monitoring stroke care performance. However, to facilitate their optimal use, effective quality improvement methods are needed. Educating staff in quality improvement science may develop competency and improve use of data in practice.
What do we mean by long COVID? A scoping review of the cognitive sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Nicotra Alessia , Masserini Federico , Calcaterra Francesca , Di Vito Clara , Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , Pomati Simone , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo , Riva Agostino , Mavilio Domenico , Pantoni Leonardo
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

Many COVID‐19 patients report persistent symptoms, including cognitive disturbances. We performed a scoping review on this topic, focusing primarily on cognitive manifestations.

Methods

Abstracts and full texts of studies published on PubMed (until May 2023) addressing cognitive involvement persisting after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were reviewed, focusing on terms used to name the cognitive syndrome, reported symptoms, their onset time and duration, and testing batteries employed. Reported psychiatric symptoms, their assessment tools, and more general manifestations were also extracted.

Results

Among the 947 records identified, 180 studies were included. Only one third of them used a label to define the syndrome. A minority of studies included patients according to stringent temporal criteria of syndrome onset (34%), whereas more studies reported a minimum required symptom duration (77%). The most frequently reported cognitive symptoms were memory and attentional–executive disturbances, and among psychiatric complaints, the most frequent were anxiety symptoms, depression, and sleep disturbances. Most studies reported fatigue among general symptoms. Thirty‐six studies employed cognitive measures: screening tests alone (n = 19), full neuropsychological batteries (n = 25), or both (n = 29); 30 studies performed psychiatric testing. Cognitive deficits were demonstrated in 39% of subjects, the most frequently affected domains being attention/executive functions (90%) and memory (67%).

Conclusions

Currently, no agreement exists on a label for post‐COVID‐19 cognitive syndrome. The time of symptom onset after acute infection and symptom duration are still discussed. Memory and attention–executive complaints and deficits, together with fatigue, anxiety, and depression symptoms, are consistently reported, but the objective evaluation of these symptoms is not standardized.
Peripheral polyneuropathy in children and young adults with ataxia–telangiectasia
Authors: Theis Marius , Donath Helena , Woelke Sandra , Bakhtiar Shahrzad , Salzmann‐Manrique Emilia , Zielen Stefan , Kieslich Matthias
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

Ataxia–telangiectasia (A‐T) is a rare, autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder that leads to progressive neurodegeneration with cerebellar ataxia and peripheral polyneuropathy. Cerebellar neurodegeneration is well described in A‐T. However, peripheral nervous system involvement is an underdiagnosed but important additional target for supportive and systemic therapies. The aim of this study was to conduct neurophysiological measurements to assess peripheral neurodegeneration and the development of age‐dependent neuropathy in A‐T.

Methods

In this prospective study, 42 classical A‐T patients were assessed. The motor and sensory nerve conduction of the median and tibial nerves was evaluated. Data were compared to published standard values and a healthy age‐ and gender‐matched control group of 23 participants. Ataxia scores (Klockgether, Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia) were also assessed.

Results

In A‐T, neurophysiological assessment revealed neuropathic changes as early as the first year of life. Subjective symptomatology of neuropathy is rarely described. In the upper extremities, motor neuropathy was predominantly that of a demyelinating type and sensory neuropathy was predominantly that of a mixed type. In the lower extremities, motor and sensory neuropathy was predominantly that of a mixed type. We found significant correlations between age and the development of motor and sensory polyneuropathy in A‐T compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In A‐T, polyneuropathy occurs mostly subclinically as early as the first year of life. The current study of a large national A‐T cohort demonstrates that development of neuropathy in A‐T differs in the upper and lower extremities.
Altered structure indicating reduced barrier function of lesional compared to non‐lesional psoriatic skin—A non‐invasive in vivo study of the human stratum corneum with confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopy
Authors: Zolotas Michael , Schleusener Johannes , Lademann Jürgen , Meinke Martina C. , Kokolakis Georgios , Darvin Maxim E.
Published: August 2023

Psoriasis, one of the most common skin diseases affecting roughly 2%–3% of the world population, is associated with a reduced skin barrier function (SBF) that might play an important role in its pathophysiology. The SBF is provided primarily by the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin. Previous studies have revealed a higher trans‐epidermal water loss, lower hydration, abnormal concentration and composition of intercellular lipids, as well as alterations in secondary keratin structure in the psoriatic SC. We compared on molecular level lesional psoriatic skin (LPS) with non‐lesional psoriatic skin (nLPS) from 19 patients non‐invasively in vivo, using confocal Raman micro‐spectroscopy. By analysing the corresponding Raman spectra, we determined SBF‐defining parameters of the SC depth‐dependently. Our results revealed a lower total lipid concentration, a shift of lamellar lipid organisation towards more gauche‐conformers and an increase of the less dense hexagonal lateral packing of the intercellular lipids in LPS. Furthermore, we observed lower natural moisturising factor concentration, lower total water as well as a strong tendency towards less strongly bound and more weakly bound water molecules in LPS. Finally, we detected a less stable secondary keratin structure with increased β‐sheets, in contrast to the tertiary structure, showing a higher degree of folded keratin in LPS. These findings clearly suggest structural differences indicating a reduced SBF in LPS, and are discussed in juxtaposition to preceding outcomes for psoriatic and healthy skin. Understanding the alterations of the psoriatic SC provides insights into the exact pathophysiology of psoriasis and paves the way for optimal future treatments.
The two sides of corporate social responsibility and the quality of internal control audit opinions
Authors: Blanco Belen , Guillamón‐Saorín Encarna , Guiral Andrés
Published: August 2023

Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities provide a strong signal of management integrity, the involvement of the client in irresponsible CSR should alert the auditor to the risk of material misstatement. Framing management integrity assessments by relying on responsible CSR activities can lead to auditors' unintended alignment with their clients' preferred outcomes. Motivated by the increasing frequency of clean internal control opinions (ICOPs) regarding clients that subsequently misstate, we explore whether auditors' overreliance on responsible CSR influences the quality of ICOPs. We find that clients' CSR involvement is associated with fewer adverse ICOPs, but this CSR effect is asymmetric because it is only explained by responsible CSR activities and not by irresponsible CSR activities. Importantly, the ‘good side of CSR’ is associated with fewer adverse opinions being issued to misstated clients. Additional analyses show that only irresponsible CSR activities increase the risk of financial misstatements. Our findings provide support for the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's warning that certain conditions inherent in the audit environment, such as the assessment of management integrity, can lead to auditors unconsciously favouring confirming evidence (represented by responsible CSR activities) instead of relying on disconfirming evidence (represented by irresponsible CSR activities) that could raise issues about management's integrity and ethical commitment.
Sugarcane molasses spray drying by dehumidified air as the method to enhance powder recovery and physical properties of powders
Authors: Jedlińska Aleksandra , Edris Amr , Samborska Katarzyna
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to compare sugarcane molasses powders obtained by conventional high temperature spray drying (inlet/outlet air temperature: 180°C/80°C) and low temperature dehumidified air‐assisted spray drying (80°C/50°C) in terms of drying yield and physical properties. The addition of NUTRIOSE as a carrier was from 0% to 40% (w/w, solids). It was possible to obtain 100% high quality powders without the use of a drying carrier with high process efficiency (up to 93%—with using dehumidified air) by using both methods. Low temperature spray drying positively translated into increased drying yield, lower hygroscopicity and improved flowability of powders. Moreover, the powders obtained by low temperature method were brighter with small, less diversified particle sizes of spherical shapes.

Practical Applications

Molasses is a by‐product of sugar production. Molasses have diverse applications as cheap food‐grade sweeteners as well as an economically feasible intermediate materials for production of some innovative food additives. Transforming sugarcane molasses from viscous, inconvenient liquid into free‐flowing powder, seems to be important by taking in consideration handling, transportation and the final application. Free‐carrier molasses powders fit well with the sustainability and clean label trends. Low‐temperature spray drying with dehumidified air is an innovation which allows to obtain higher quality powders.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of cold snare polypectomy and hot snare polypectomy for colorectal polyps
Authors: Niu Chengu , Bapaye Jay , Zhang Jing , Liu Hongli , Zhu Kaiwen , Farooq Umer , Zahid Salman , Chathuranga Dileepa , Okolo Patrick I
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim

Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) has become increasingly utilized to resect colorectal polyps, given its efficacy and safety. This study aims to compare CSP and hot snare polypectomy (HSP) for resecting small (< 10 mm) and large (10–20 mm) colorectal lesions.

Methods

Relevant publications were obtained from Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The publication search was limited by English‐language and human studies. Pooled mean difference and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for outcomes of interest.

Results

Twenty‐three studies were included in this meta‐analysis. Pooled OR of delayed post‐polypectomy bleeding (DPPB) in the CSP group versus the HSP group was 0.29 (P = 0.0001, I2 = 29%). Subgroup analysis according to lesion size showed a significant reduction in the DPPB rate in lesion sizes 10–20 mm (pooled OR 0.08, P = 0.003, I2 = 0%) and < 10 mm (pooled OR 0.35, P = 0.001, I2 = 27%). Pooled OR of major bleeding in the CSP group was 0.23 (P = 0.0004, I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis by lesion size revealed a significant decrease in the rate of major bleeding in the CSP group for both lesion sizes 10–20 mm (pooled OR 0.11, P = 0.04) and < 10 mm (pooled OR 0.26, P = 0.003). Complete resection, en bloc resection, and recurrence rate were comparable in the two groups.

Conclusions

Cold snare polypectomy was associated with a lower rate of DPPB and lower risk of major bleeding compared with HSP in both small and large polyps. CSP should be considered as the polypectomy technique of choice for colorectal polyps.
The role of drought, disturbance, and seed dispersal in dominance shifts in a temperate grassland
Authors: Orbán Ildikó , Ónodi Gábor , Kröel‐Dulay György
Published: August 2023

Aims

More intense and frequent droughts predicted for the future will heavily affect grasslands worldwide and, along with various other disturbances, possibly trigger major vegetation shifts. Therefore, documenting these changes and understanding the mechanisms behind them is essential. Our study aimed to investigate how dominant species in a semiarid grassland respond to a combination of small‐scale experimental disturbances and naturally occurring droughts and uncover the underlying mechanisms.

Location

Central Hungary.

Methods

We conducted a small‐scale disturbance experiment in a semiarid temperate grassland and followed recovery for 18 years, including severe drought events. In 1999, we established 16 sites, eight dominated by Festuca vaginata and another eight by Stipa borysthenica, the two dominant species of sand grasslands in the region. At each site, three permanent plots were marked that received either a cutting or digging treatment or remained as controls. We monitored the cover and density changes of Festuca and Stipa annually.

Results

In the early years following the disturbance, Festuca recovered at a similar rate under both disturbance treatments, while Stipa recovered faster in cut than in dug plots. When natural drought events caused major diebacks of both species, Stipa recovered very quickly and regained dominance in initially Stipa‐dominated plots, and it also took over in initially Festuca‐dominated control and cut plots. However, digging at Festuca‐dominated sites delayed drought‐induced Stipa colonisation and thus favoured Festuca recovery. We found that the poor performance of Stipa in dug plots was related to sharply reduced seedling establishment, which resulted from the low number of seeds captured by the bare soil surface after digging.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that recurring drought events may induce dominance shifts in temperate grasslands, but small‐scale disturbances can modulate vegetation responses. Our findings emphasise the importance of post‐disturbance regeneration patterns in drought‐induced vegetation shifts and show that seed dispersal strategy may have a major effect on vegetation dynamics.
Basally distributed actin array drives embryonic hypocotyl elongation during the seed‐to‐seedling transition in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cui Xuan , Zou Minxia , Li Jiejie
Published: August 2023

Seed germination is a vital developmental transition for the production of progeny by sexual reproduction in spermatophytes. The seed‐to‐seedling transition is predominately driven by hypocotyl cell elongation. However, the mechanism that underlies hypocotyl growth remains largely unknown.

In this study, we characterized the actin array reorganization in embryonic hypocotyl epidermal cells. Live‐cell imaging revealed a basally organized actin array formed during hypocotyl cell elongation. This polarized actin assembly is a barrel‐shaped network, which comprises a backbone of longitudinally aligned actin cables and a fine actin cap linking these cables.

We provide genetic evidence that the basal actin array formation requires formin‐mediated actin polymerization and directional movement of actin filaments powered by myosin XIs. In fh1‐1 and xi3ko mutants, actin filaments failed to reorganize into the basal actin array, and the hypocotyl cell elongation was inhibited compared with wild‐type plants.

Collectively, our work uncovers the molecular mechanisms for basal actin array assembly and demonstrates the connection between actin polarization and hypocotyl elongation during seed‐to‐seedling transition.
Prevention of Bone Cement Displacement in Kümmell Disease without Neurological Deficits through Treatment with a Novel Hollow Pedicle Screw Combined with Kyphoplasty
Authors: Zhong Shixiao , Bao Feilong , Fan Qianbo , Zhao Yayu , Li Weichao
Published: August 2023

Objective

Displacement of bone cement following percutaneous vertebral augmentation for Kümmell disease (KD) presents a significant concern, resulting in increasing back pain and compromising daily activities. Unfortunately, current literature does not yet establish a validated and minimally invasive surgical intervention for this issue. This study aims to investigate the effects of a novel hollow pedicle screw combined with kyphoplasty (HPS‐KP) in preventing bone cement displacement following simply percutaneous kyphoplasty for the management of KD.

Methods

A total of 22 patients (six males, 16 females, averagely aged 77.18 ± 7.63 years) with KD without neurological deficits treated by HPS‐KP at the hospital between March 2021 and June 2022 were hereby selected, among which, there were three stage I KD cases, 12 stage II KD cases, and seven stage III KD cases according to Li's classification. Bone mineral density (BMD), spinal X‐ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were examined before the operation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications were all recorded. The follow‐up focused on visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), anterior vertebral height (AVH), middle vertebral height (MVH), posterior vertebral height (PVH), wedge‐shape affected vertebral Cobb angle (WCA), and bisegmental Cobb angle (BCA). One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post‐hoc test was employed for performing multiple comparisons in the present study.

Results

All patients having received the operation successfully were followed up for more than 8 months (ranging from 8 to 18 months). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and BMD (T‐score) were 39.09 ± 5.64 min, 14.09 ± 3.98 ml, and − 3.30 ± 0.90 g/cm3, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the VAS score, ODI, AVH, MVH, and WCA (All p < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in PVH and BCA at different time points (All p > 0.05). During follow‐up, five patients suffered from bone cement leakage, and one presented an adjacent vertebral fracture and no bone cement displacement.

Conclusion

HPS‐KP could be safe and effective in the treatment of KD without neurological deficits, effectively relieving the symptoms of patients, restoring partial vertebral height, and preventing the occurrence of bone cement displacement.
Targeted editing of multiple homologues of GTR1 and GTR2 genes provides the ideal low‐seed, high‐leaf glucosinolate oilseed mustard with uncompromised defence and yield
Authors: Mann Avni , Kumari Juhi , Kumar Roshan , Kumar Pawan , Pradhan Akshay K. , Pental Deepak , Bisht Naveen C.
Published: August 2023

Glucosinolate content in the two major oilseed Brassica crops—rapeseed and mustard has been reduced to the globally accepted Canola quality level (<30 μmoles/g of seed dry weight, DW), making the protein‐rich seed meal useful as animal feed. However, the overall lower glucosinolate content in seeds as well as in the other parts of such plants renders them vulnerable to biotic challenges. We report CRISPR/Cas9‐based editing of glucosinolate transporter (GTR) family genes in mustard (Brassica juncea) to develop ideal lines with the desired low seed glucosinolate content (SGC) while maintaining high glucosinolate levels in the other plant parts for uncompromised plant defence. Use of three gRNAs provided highly efficient and precise editing of four BjuGTR1 and six BjuGTR2 homologues leading to a reduction of SGC from 146.09 μmoles/g DW to as low as 6.21 μmoles/g DW. Detailed analysis of the GTR‐edited lines showed higher accumulation and distributional changes of glucosinolates in the foliar parts. However, the changes did not affect the plant defence and yield parameters. When tested against the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and generalist pest Spodoptera litura, the GTR‐edited lines displayed a defence response at par or better than that of the wild‐type line. The GTR‐edited lines were equivalent to the wild‐type line for various seed yield and seed quality traits. Our results demonstrate that simultaneous editing of multiple GTR1 and GTR2 homologues in mustard can provide the desired low‐seed, high‐leaf glucosinolate lines with an uncompromised defence and yield.
Intergroup friendship: A reflective spotlight
Authors: Dion Karen K.
Published: August 2023

Growing empirical evidence supports the positive contribution of cross‐group friendship to intergroup attitudes, as well as to individuals' personal development. However, developing cross‐group friendships may be challenging depending on individuals' respective group identities; namely, their ethnicity, gender, race, and sexual orientation identities. This paper considers how psychological factors related to these group identities contribute to cross‐group friendship. Research on individuals' experiences of cross‐group interactions across different contexts (first encounters; interacting with friends) has found that these interactions can be challenging. Most explanations of these challenges have focused either directly or indirectly on issues related to prejudice. It is suggested here that another important but neglected perspective for understanding intergroup friendship concerns individuals' awareness and responsiveness to differences in privileges and opportunities associated with their own and their friend's group‐related identities. The implications are discussed in the context of friendship values and relationship qualities in intergroup friendship.
Evaluation of different antimicrobial agents for laboratory and field against Pantoea agglomerans, the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight disease on oat (Avena sativa)
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Chen Taixiang , Wei Xuekai , Kamran Malik , White James F. , Zhao Guiqin , Li Chunjie
Published: August 2023

Leaf blight disease (LBD) caused by Pantoea agglomerans is a newly emerged oat disease in China that causes great economic and yield losses of oat production. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 13 antimicrobial agents against P. agglomerans and recommend agents with better control efficacy for use. The antibacterial potential of four concentrations of each agent was evaluated under in vitro conditions. Zhongshengmycin and ethylicin were the most effective in inhibiting the growth of P. agglomerans; their bacteriostatic rates (85.0% and 84.8%, respectively) were higher while EC50 lower (0.31 and 0.90, respectively) than other agents. The greenhouse and field experiment suggested that the greatest fresh weight per plant (57.26 g and 57.93 g), forage yield (22.53 t/ha and 22.21 t/ha) and control efficacy (>75%) were obtained after spraying twice with zhongshengmycin or ethylicin in the LBD occurrence phase, with lower yields and control by kasugamycin + dicopper chloride trihydroxide, kasugamycin + oxine copper, benziothiazolinone, copper hydroxide, phenanthrenecarboxylicacid, copper, picoxystrobin, chloroisobromine cyanuric acid, oxathiapiprolin or azoxystrobin. Foliar application of zhongshengmycin or ethylicin can therefore be used for the effective management of LBD of oat.
Evaluating the prerequisites for adapting a paediatric nighttime telemedicine and medication delivery service to a setting with high malarial burden: A cross‐sectional pre‐implementation study
Authors: Flaherty Katelyn E. , Klarman Molly B. , Zakariah Ahmed N. , Mahama Mohammed‐Najeeb , Osei‐Ampofo Maxwell , Nelson Eric J. , Becker Torben K.
Published: August 2023

Objective

We sought to evaluate the prerequisites (demand, interest, feasibility) for adapting a paediatric nighttime telemedicine and medication delivery service (TMDS) to Ghana.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of households and associated healthcare providers was conducted in urban and rural Ghana. Households were identified through randomised geospatial sampling; households with at least one child <10 years were enrolled. Household surveys collected information relating to demographics, household resources, standardised case scenarios, recent paediatric health events, satisfaction with healthcare access, and interest in TMDS intervention models. Providers were identified by households and enrolled. Provider surveys collected provider type, hours of operation, services, and opinions of a TMDS model.

Results

A total of 511 (263 urban, 248 rural) households and 18 providers (10 urban, 8 rural) were surveyed. A total of 262 health events involving children <10 years were reported, of which 47% occurred at night. Care was sought for >70% of health events presenting at night; however, care‐seeking was delayed until morning or later for >75% of these events; 54% of households expressed dissatisfaction with their current access to paediatric care at night; 99% of households expressed that a nighttime TMDS service for children would be directly useful to their families. Correspondingly, 17 of 18 providers stated that a TMDS was needed in their community; >99% of households had access to a cellular phone. All households expressed willingness to use their phones to call a TMDS and allow a TMDS provider into their homes at night. Willingness to pay and provider‐recommended price points varied by setting.

Conclusions

Prerequisites for adapting a TMDS to Ghana were met. A nighttime paediatric TMDS service was found to be needed, appealing, and feasible in Ghana. These data motivate the adaptation of a TMDS to urban and rural Ghana.
Longitudinal evaluation of fentanyl concentrations in equine plasma and synovial fluid following application of transdermal fentanyl patches over one carpal joint
Authors: Ortega McCormack John J. , Reed Rachel A. , Epstein Kira L. , Camus Melinda S. , Knych Heather K.
Published: August 2023

Objective

To determine if transdermally delivered fentanyl can achieve greater concentrations of fentanyl in synovial fluid when applied over a synovial structure.

Study design

Randomized, experimental study.

Animals

Six healthy adult horses.

Methods

Each horse had two 100 μg/h fentanyl matrix patches applied on the dorsal aspect of one, randomly assigned, carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) for 48 h. Whole blood and bilateral synovial samples from the intercarpal joint were obtained at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h. Fentanyl concentrations were measured with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results

All subjects achieved detectable concentrations of fentanyl in both plasma and synovial fluid. Time to peak synovial and plasma concentration was 12 h. At 6 h, the synovial concentration in the untreated carpus (0.104 ng/mL ± 0.106) was lower than plasma fentanyl concentrations 0.31 ± 0.27 (p = .036). At 12 h, both treated (0.55 ng/mL ± 0.3) and untreated (0.53 ng/mL ± 0.28) synovial fluid fentanyl concentrations were lower than plasma (0.87 ng/mL ± 0.48) concentrations (p < .001 andp = .001, respectively). Synovial concentrations of fentanyl did not differ between treated and untreated joints (p> 0.608 for all time points).

Conclusion

Application of fentanyl matrix patches directly over the CMCJ did not result in increased fentanyl concentrations in the synovial fluid of the treated intercarpal joint in normal horses.

Clinical significance

There is likely no analgesic advantage to placing fentanyl patches directly over the affected joint, as it did not result in increased synovial concentrations at the tested site.
Near‐infrared fluorescence cholangiography in dogs: A pilot study
Authors: Larose Philippe Chagnon , Brisson Brigitte A. , Sanchez Andrea , Monteith Gabrielle , Singh Ameet , Zhang Michael
Published: August 2023

Objective

To determine the effect of indocyanine green (ICG) dose and timing of administration on near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of the normal canine biliary tree.

Study design

Preclinical prospective study.

Animals

Eight purpose‐bred beagles.

Methods

The dogs were randomized to receive two of four intravenous ICG dose (low [L]:0.05 mg/kg or high [H]:0.25 mg/kg)/time (0 and 3 h prior to NIRF) combinations. NIRF images were collected every 10 min for 120 min. Target (cystic duct)‐to‐background (liver) ratios were calculated for all timepoints and compared.

Results

ICG cholangiography was successful in all dogs. The contrast ratio was above 1 in the L0 group by 20 min and reached its peak at 100 min. In the H0 group, the ratio was above 1 by 60 min and reached its peak at 90 min. Contrast ratios above 2 (fluorescence twice as bright in the cystic duct compared to the liver) were maintained from 180 to 300 min for L3 and H3 and was achieved after 80 min for L0.

Conclusion

Low dose ICG provided better ratios early after injection compared to the high dose which remained highly concentrated in the liver tissue after injection. Both doses provided excellent visualization of the biliary tree at 3 h post injection, low dose ICG provided better ratios from 3 to 5 h post injection. Based on these results, 0.05 mg/kg of ICG administered at anesthetic premedication, or as early as 3 h prior to laparoscopic surgery should yield optimal fluorescence images.

Clinical significance

This study provides guidelines for NIRF cholangiography in clinically normal dogs.
Modeling and Experimental Validation of CFRP–Metal Joints Utilizing 3D Additively Manufactured Anchors
Authors: De Pasquale Giorgio , Coluccia Antonio
Published: August 2023

The joining techniques between carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and metal are of great importance in many areas of structural mechanics where the optimization of weight, rigidity, and strength is a necessity (such as aeronautics, vehicles, energy generation, and biomechanics). As a result, several types of metal–composite joints have been manufactured using different methods, with the 3D metal anchor solution attracting significant attention. This study evaluates different anchor geometries applied to single lap joints through preliminary finite element method (FEM) simulations and experimental validation on joints between CFRP and Inconel 625 produced via a laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) additive process. The models proposed increase in complexity. The homogenization process is employed to determine the equivalent properties of the joint region that is occupied by metal anchors and CFRP. The model also supports topology parametrization to assess the impact of anchor geometry on structural properties. The study provides experimental validation of joint strength under tensile load for various anchoring surface topologies.
The Role of Fracture Patterns on Crack-Based Strain Sensors
Authors: Zhao Huan , Liu Xiangbei , Li Yan
Published: August 2023

Crack-based strain sensors (CBS), which are inspired by a spider's slit organ, can provide highly sensitive measurement with great flexibility. Fracture pattern design holds the key to meeting different sensing needs. In this article, a computational model is developed to understand the role of fracture patterns on sensitivity and sensing range of CBS that consist of a platinum (Pt) conductive layer and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate layer. Through the coupled mechanical–electrical finite element analysis, we find that a single mode I through crack can yield better sensing performance than a nonthrough crack in other orientations or a few discrete nonthrough cracks in the same orientation. Creating multiple mode I through cracks has a negligible effect on sensitivity. However, increasing the number of cracks can lead to a higher sensing range. When the same number of cracks is employed, even crack spacing can yield the highest sensing range. Sensitivity can be effectively improved by increasing the crack depth. Conclusions from the computational analysis can provide useful feedback for design and manufacturing of CBS in different applications.
Mesoscale habitat use by St. Lawrence estuary beluga over the annual cycle from an acoustic recording network
Authors: Simard Yvan , Giard Samuel , Roy Nathalie , Aulanier Florian , Lesage Véronique
Published: August 2023

The spatial-temporal distribution pattern of St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) beluga is examined with a passive acoustic monitoring network of 13 stations from June 2018 to October 2021. A beluga calling index, correlated with beluga density, is used as a proxy for habitat use by the population at weekly, monthly, and yearly scales. The seasonal pattern along SLE upstream-downstream axis was repeated annually. In summer, beluga habitat was confined to a 150 km segment of the SLE, with higher occurrences in its ∼20 km central portion, including the head of the Laurentian Channel and Saguenay Fjord mouth. During fall, the distribution gradually shifted to the downstream portion of the SLE and into the Northwestern Gulf, leaving low to no occurrences upstream in winter, until the spring return, characterized by the highest upstream occurrences. Occurrences off Ste. Marguerite Bay, 25 km upstream in Saguenay Fjord, were essentially from June to October. This multi-year continuous habitat use pattern provides a baseline for year-round SLE beluga distribution dynamics for assessing and mitigating anthropogenic threats to this endangered population, such as shipping noise. It also provides insights for optimizing the assessments of population size from aerial line transect surveys.
Multiomics analyses reveal
DARS1-AS1
/YBX1–controlled posttranscriptional circuits promoting glioblastoma tumorigenesis/radioresistance
Authors: Zheng Caishang , Wei Yanjun , Zhang Qiang , Sun Ming , Wang Yunfei , Hou Jiakai , Zhang Peng , Lv Xiangdong , Su Dan , Jiang Yujie , Gumin Joy , Sahni Nidhi , Hu Baoli , Wang Wenyi , Chen Xi , McGrail Daniel J. , Zhang Chaolin , Huang Suyun , Xu Han , Chen Junjie , Lang Frederick F. , Hu Jian , Chen Yiwen
Published: August 2023

The glioblastoma (GBM) stem cell–like cells (GSCs) are critical for tumorigenesis/therapeutic resistance of GBM. Mounting evidence supports tumor-promoting function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), but their role in GSCs remains poorly understood. By combining CRISPRi screen with orthogonal multiomics approaches, we identified a lncRNA
DARS1-AS1
–controlled posttranscriptional circuitry that promoted the malignant properties of GBM cells/GSCs. Depleting
DARS1-AS1
inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells/GSCs and self-renewal of GSCs, prolonging survival in orthotopic GBM models.
DARS1-AS1
depletion also impaired the homologous recombination (HR)–mediated double-strand break (DSB) repair and enhanced the radiosensitivity of GBM cells/GSCs. Mechanistically,
DARS1-AS1
interacted with YBX1 to promote target mRNA binding and stabilization, forming a mixed transcriptional/posttranscriptional feed-forward loop to up-regulate expression of the key regulators of G
1
-S transition, including E2F1 and CCND1.
DARS1-AS1
/YBX1 also stabilized the mRNA of
FOXM1
, a master transcription factor regulating GSC self-renewal and DSB repair. Our findings suggest
DARS1-AS1
/YBX1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for sensitizing GBM to radiation/HR deficiency–targeted therapy.
The circadian clock of the bacterium
B. subtilis
evokes properties of complex, multicellular circadian systems
Authors: Sartor Francesca , Xu Xinming , Popp Tanja , Dodd Antony N. , Kovács Ákos T. , Merrow Martha
Published: August 2023

Circadian clocks are pervasive throughout nature, yet only recently has this adaptive regulatory program been described in nonphotosynthetic bacteria. Here, we describe an inherent complexity in the
Bacillus subtilis
circadian clock. We find that
B. subtilis
entrains to blue and red light and that circadian entrainment is separable from masking through fluence titration and frequency demultiplication protocols. We identify circadian rhythmicity in constant light, consistent with the Aschoff’s rule, and entrainment aftereffects, both of which are properties described for eukaryotic circadian clocks. We report that circadian rhythms occur in wild isolates of this prokaryote, thus establishing them as a general property of this species, and that its circadian system responds to the environment in a complex fashion that is consistent with multicellular eukaryotic circadian systems.
De novo
genome sequence of endophytic biocontrol strain
Bacillus
sp. ST24 isolated from rice seed
Authors: Khanal Sabin , Antony-Babu Sanjay , Zhou Xin-Gen
Published: August 2023

In this study, we present the genome sequence of
Bacillus
sp. strain ST24, an endophytic bacterium isolated from rice seeds. The genome assembly comprises a total of 5,799,877 bp, with a GC content of 34.81%. Furthermore, our analysis revealed the presence of various genes associated with antibiotic production, as well as genes involved in polyketide biosynthesis and non-ribosomal polyketide-like clusters.
Genomes of two type strains of the
Rhizobium tropici
group:
R. calliandrae
CCGE524
T
and
R. mayense
CCGE526
T
Authors: Moura Fernanda Terezinha , Helene Luisa Caroline Ferraz , Klepa Milena Serenato , Ribeiro Renan Augusto , Nogueira Marco Antonio , Hungria Mariangela
Published: August 2023

The genome sequences of two nitrogen-fixing type strains of the
Rhizobium tropici
group were obtained:
Rhizobium calliandrae
CCGE524
T
and
R. mayense
CCGE526
T
. Genomic analyses confirmed their taxonomic position and identified three complete sequences of the
repABC
genes, indicative of three plasmids, one of them carrying symbiotic genes.
Variation in access and prescription of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a UK-wide study
Authors: Auth Marcus Karl-Heinz , Ashton James John , Jones Kelsey D J , Rodrigues Astor , Thangarajah Dhamyanthi , Devadason David , Lee Gemma , Ayaz Mashhood , Lee Huey Miin , Kammermeier Jochen
Published: August 2023

Background

Therapeutic options for paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are limited, especially for younger children. Unlike in adults, vedolizumab and ustekinumab are not licensed for paediatric use in the UK. We aimed to understand the real-world access to, and use of, these therapies in the paediatric population.

Methods

We surveyed UK IBD centres to assess the incident use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021. We collected information on funding, dose escalations and therapeutic drug monitoring.

Results

18 of 21 centres responded, covering an estimated 5260 patients. One hundred and thirteen were started on vedolizumab, prescription incidence 2.2%, median prescriptions per centre was 4 (range 1–20). Considering ustekinumab, 73 patients were commenced, prescription incidence 1.4%. Median prescription per centre was 3.5 (range 1–13). Prescription rates at each centre were not predicted by patient number cared for at that centre (p=0.2). Dose escalation was common in vedolizumab (66.7% centres) and ustekinumab (55.5%).

Funding strategies varied substantially, and multiple funding sources were used; 12 of 18 centres (66.7%) reported funding through routine National Health Service (NHS) England/Scottish arrangements. There was local NHS trust funding in 8 of 18 centres (44.4%). Individual funding requests (IFRs) were used in 5 of 18 (27.8%), although IFRs are reserved for patients with unique additional characteristics. Four centres were unable to achieve funding in pre-pubescent children.

Conclusions

There is widespread use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab across the UK, although practice is highly variable. Access to therapy appeared to differ substantially. There is a growing disparity between international guidelines and real-world practice. Establishing early and effective therapy in all patients remains a priority.
Pseudomyopia as an independent risk factor for myopia onset: a prospective cohort study among school-aged children
Authors: Sun Wei , Yu Mingkun , Wu Jianfeng , Han Xiaotong , Jan Catherine , Song Jike , Jiang Wenjun , Xu Zihang , Wu Ziyun , Xu Jing , Hu Yuanyuan , Bi Hongsheng
Published: August 2023

Aim

To investigate whether pseudomyopia is an independent risk factor for myopia onset based on a population-based cohort study.

Methods

Non-myopic children were recruited from schools in rural and urban settings of Shangdong province, China. Baseline examinations started in September 2020 and all participants were invited for a 6-month follow-up. Pseudomyopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤−0.50 diopters (D) before cycloplegia and >−0.50D after cycloplegia. Myopia was defined as cycloplegic SE ≤−0.50D.

Results

A total of 2328 children (baseline age: 4–17 years) were included in the final analysis. During the 6-month follow-up, 21.1% (355/1680) pseudomyopic eyes developed myopia, and 3.8% (110/2879) non-myopic and non-pseudomyopic eyes developed myopia. After adjusting for multiple myopia risk factors, including baseline cycloplegic SE, near work and outdoor time, pseudomyopia was found to be an independent risk factor for myopia onset (relative risk=2.52, 95% CI 1.86 to 3.42). Additionally, pseudomyopic children with more myopic cycloplegic SE (p<0.001), smaller difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic SE (DIFF, p<0.001), and higher binocular amplitude of accommodation (p<0.001) had higher risk of myopia development.

Conclusion

This is an important longitudinal study to prove that pseudomyopia is an independent risk factor for myopia development among school-aged children.