bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-17-05: It's as simple as ABC: Can we improve the provision of coordinated medical and supportive care to patients with advanced breast cancer?
Authors: Greenberg Sally , Pitcher Meron , Mann Bruce , Hendry Kathleen , Shanahan Kerry , Fisher Melanie K , Foo Jung H
Published: May 2015

Back ground: International and local guidelines regarding advanced breast cancer (ABC) management recommend coordinated care, discussion in multi-disciplinary meetings (MDM), breast care nurse (BCN) involvement and supportive care screening (SCS). There was concern among clinicians, at three University affiliated hospitals in Melbourne Australian, that these were not routinely performed for all patients at our hospitals. A WCMICS service improvement grant was used to design a Model of Care (MOC) aiming to address these deficiencies.

Method: A 6 month retrospective audit of all new ABC patients was conducted at each institution. We reviewed timing and details of diagnosis, MDM discussions, BCN involvement, SCS and communication with primary care physicians (PCP). Surveys/ interviews of PCP, patients and oncology clinicians were conducted. A best practice MOC was developed, piloted for three months and evaluated.

Results: The new MOC resulted in an increased proportion of patients discussed in MDM (from 33% to 88%), reviewed by a BCN (from 30% to 80%), and improved provision (from 61% to 90%) and timing (median 20 down to 16 days) of communication with PCP. 50% of patients interviewed in both the baseline and subsequent evaluation surveys did not feel their care was well coordinated between specialists and PCP.

Conclusions: A best practice MOC for patients with newly diagnosed ABC is possible to implement across a number of institutions with improvements in the provision of coordinated medical and supportive care. Further improvements can be made in coordination of care between PCP and specialists.

Citation Format: Sally Greenberg, Meron Pitcher, Bruce Mann, Kathleen Hendry, Kerry Shanahan, Melanie K Fisher, Jung H Foo. It's as simple as ABC: Can we improve the provision of coordinated medical and supportive care to patients with advanced breast cancer? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-17-05.
Abstract P5-18-02: Trastuzumab interruption for treatment-induced cardiotoxicity in HER2 positive early breast cancer
Authors: Yu Anthony F , Yadav Nandini U , Lung Betty Y , Eaton Anne A , Thaler Howard T , Hudis Clifford A , Dang Chau T , Steingart Richard M
Published: May 2015

Background

Trastuzumab (H) improves outcomes among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer but is associated with a risk of treatment-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC), especially when administered after an anthracycline (A). H interruption is recommended for significant asymptomatic or symptomatic declines in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). It is unclear how frequently TIC leads to H interruption, and the subsequent management is variable in clinical practice.

Methods

Patients (pts) with HER2-postive early breast cancer receiving adjuvant H with chemotherapy between January 2005 and October 2010 were studied (n=608). Tumor characteristics, chemotherapy regimen, cardiac risk factors, LVEF (at baseline and during treatment), and treatment interruption were obtained from the medical record. We evaluated the incidence, time of occurrence, management, and associated risk factors of H interruption due to TIC.

Results

Median age was 51 years (range 26-81); 488 (80%) pts had A prior to H administration. H was interrupted in 108 (18%) pts. Cumulative dose of H was lower among pts in the interrupted group (median 86 vs. 108 mg/kg, p < 0.0001). The most common reason for interruption was TIC (66 of 108 pts): 20 (30%) had symptomatic congestive heart failure and 46 (70%) had asymptomatic decline in LVEF. Of the 66 pts, 55 (83%) were referred to a cardiologist and 36 (55%) were prescribed a new cardiac medication. The mean LVEF at baseline, at time of cardiotoxicity diagnosis, and at follow-up after interruption of H was 63%, 45%, and 55%, respectively. Pts with H interruption for TIC were older (54 vs. 50 years, p=0.014) with lower LVEF before A (63 vs. 67%, p<0.0001) and before H therapy (62% vs. 67%, p<0.0001), compared to those with continuous H treatment. Thirty-three of 66 pts were re-treated with H, and 5 pts had a significant recurrent decline in LVEF.

Conclusion

At our institution, interruption of H therapy is common and most often due to TIC, from both A and H, with the majority of pts receiving A prior to H. Risk factors associated with H interruption were older age and lower LVEF prior to A and H administration. Cardiac dysfunction improved after interruption of treatment but did not fully recover to baseline. Strategies to prevent cardiotoxicity and minimize H treatment interruption should be investigated to prevent persistent LV dysfunction in affected pts.

Citation Format: Anthony F Yu, Nandini U Yadav, Betty Y Lung, Anne A Eaton, Howard T Thaler, Clifford A Hudis, Chau T Dang, Richard M Steingart. Trastuzumab interruption for treatment-induced cardiotoxicity in HER2 positive early breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-02.
Abstract P6-01-03: Change of HER2 status following neoadjuvant systemic therapy in primary breast cancer patients
Authors: Yoshida Atsushi , Hayashi Naoki , Yagata Hiroshi , Suzuki Koyu , Nakamura Seigo , Yamauchi Hideko
Published: May 2015

Background: The incidence of change in HER2 status in primary breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and whether the prognosis is affected by the change in HER2 status is not well known.

Patients and Methods: Five hundred and eighty-eight patients who were treated with anthracycline- and/or taxane-based NAC and had non-pathologic complete response between 2001 and 2008 in our hospital were enrolled. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status was assessed in specimen by needle biopsy before NAC and on the residual tumor of surgical specimen. We determine the impact of change in HER2 status on recurrence-free survival (RFS). Twenty-eight patients had received trastuzumab with NAC, and 57 patients had received trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy. HER2-positive was defined as 3+ by immunohistochemistry and/or amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Association between change in HER2 status after NAC and clinicopathologic factors, including age, clinical T stage, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Nuclear grade (NG), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and Trastuzumab usage (NAC and Adjuvant setting) were determined.

Result: A median follow-up period was 57 months (range, 3 to 131 months). Four hundred eighty-nine of the 588 patients (83.1%) had HER2-negative tumors and 99 patients (16.8%) had HER2-positive tumor before NAC. In 11 of the 489 patients (2.2%) HER2-negative changed to HER2-positive.In 33 of the 99 patients (30%) HER2-positive changed to HER2-negative. In clinicopathologic factors, ER and PR positive before NAC were associated with incidence of change in HER2 status after NAC. Receiving trastuzumab was not correlated with incidence of change in HER2 status. In terms of RFS, there was no difference between patients with and without change in HER2 status in both of the 489 patients with HER2-negative tumors and 99 patients with HER2-positive tumors before NAC (p=0.26, p=0.23, respectively).

Conclusion: We herein reported the incidence of change in HER2 status after NAC with the largest sample size. However, change in HER2 status did not seems to affect prognosis. Further prospective study is needed to confirm the prognostic impact of change in HER2 status.

Citation Format: Atsushi Yoshida, Naoki Hayashi, Hiroshi Yagata, Koyu Suzuki, Seigo Nakamura, Hideko Yamauchi. Change of HER2 status following neoadjuvant systemic therapy in primary breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-01-03.
Abstract P6-01-15: Expression of high affinity folate receptor in breast cancer brain metastasis
Authors: Leone Jose P , Bhargava Rohit , Lee Adrian , Brufsky Adam
Published: May 2015

Background: Folic acid is required by proliferating cells for the synthesis of nucleotide bases among other tasks. The high affinity folate receptor (HFR) is a membrane protein that is upregulated in several cancers of epithelial origin and rarely present in most normal cells. High expression of HFR has been documented in ovarian, breast, kidney, uterine and lung cancers. In breast cancer patients, HFR is overexpressed in 33% of primary tumors (PT) and this is associated with poor prognosis. The HFR expression in breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of HFR expression in BCBM and its role in the prognosis of this high-risk patient subgroup.

Methods: We analyzed a database of 42 patients who underwent craniotomy with resection of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). Of those, we collected 19 brain metastasis (BM) and 13 PT. HFR status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Log-Rank test analyzed differences in overall survival (OS) between groups.

Results: Median age was 51 years (range 24-74). Median follow-up was 4.2 years (range 0.6-18.5). HFR was positive in 4/19 BM (21.1%) and in 1/13 PT (7.7%). Positive samples had low H-scores (range 1-50). Staining with H&E revealed that 11/19 BM (57.9%) and 7/13 PT (53.8%) had apocrine differentiation. Analysis of OS showed no difference between patients with positive HFR (median OS 48 months) and negative HFR (median OS 69 months) (P=0.25). Similarly, there was no difference in OS between patients with apocrine differentiation (median OS 63 months) and those without apocrine differentiation (median OS 69 months) (P=0.49).

Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of HFR expression in BCBM. While previous studies associated the presence of HFR with worse prognosis; in this cohort of high-risk patients, HFR was positive in only 21.1% of BM with low levels of positivity. Around half of our patients had apocrine differentiation. Neither the status of HFR nor the presence of apocrine features had impact in OS in our cohort.

Citation Format: Jose P Leone, Rohit Bhargava, Adrian Lee, Adam Brufsky. Expression of high affinity folate receptor in breast cancer brain metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-01-15.
Abstract P6-12-04: Targeting STAT3 with novel small molecule inhibitors to sensitize breast cancer cells to radiation therapy
Authors: Wang Lili , Yang Zhengduo , Xia Qing , Chen Haijun , Cai Guoshuai , Wild Christopher , Zhou Jia , Shen Qiang
Published: May 2015

Radiation therapy plays an important role in controlling the growth and progression of breast cancer. However, its efficacy is limited by the radiation-associated toxicity to normal tissue, and the intrinsic or acquired radioresistance developed in cancer cells. It was well documented that radiation onto cancer tissues cause complex changes in gene expression patterns. Thus, it may be possible to manipulate the expression of specific genes in cancer cells to increase radiosensitivity and reduce radioresistance. Accumulating studies strongly demonstrated that signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in cell survival, proliferation, inflammation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune responses. Particularly, STAT3 is activated by ionizing radiation. We hypothesized that blocking STAT3 will increase sensitivity to irradiation in cancer cells. To this end, we synthesized a series of novel STAT3 inhibitors to address the challenge of radioresistance in breast cancer cells including metastatic and triple-negative lines. Among them, the compound HJC0152 and HJC0123 displayed significant inhibition of proliferation of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr in dose and time dependent manners. HJC0152 and HJC0123 also induced apoptosis and necrosis in comparison to the control cells. We also found that these STAT3 inhibitors induce apoptosis of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr cells by inhibiting anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression, increasing the expression of apoptotic effector protein caspase-3 and Bax. In addition, we found that HJC0152 and HJC0123 in combination with X-ray irradiation induce G2/M cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 andMCF-7/Adr cells. The new STAT3 inhibitors increased the radiosensitivity of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr cell lines, inhibited radiation-induced DNA damage repair, and promoted cells to enter mitosis, a phase more sensitive to irradiation. These changes were accompanied with decreased activation of STAT3 and decreased expression of the STAT3 downstream gene, Bcl-2. Our findings suggest that STAT3 blockade may represent an effective strategy to overcome radiation resistance, using STAT3 inhibitors as radiation sensitizers to restore the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy.

Citation Format: Lili Wang, Zhengduo Yang, Qing Xia, Haijun Chen, Guoshuai Cai, Christopher Wild, Jia Zhou, Qiang Shen. Targeting STAT3 with novel small molecule inhibitors to sensitize breast cancer cells to radiation therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-12-04.
Abstract PL-1: Genome-Directed Therapeutics for Endocrine Therapy Resistant ER+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Ellis Matthew J.
Published: May 2015

As a result of improvements in DNA and RNA sequencing techniques the genomic structure of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer is increasingly well documented, but extracting clinically actionable information from these complex data sets has proved fraught with difficulties. Barriers to progress include the lack of pharmacological hypotheses for novel luminal breast cancer tumor suppressor genes (e.g. MAP3K1, MLL3, SF3B1); 2) a lack of a full understanding of interactions between mutation status, the prognosis of ER+ breast cancer, and the effectiveness of endocrine therapy; 3) an inadequate collection of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for luminal breast cancer that fully encompass the heterogeneity of the disease; 4) the logistical barriers of developing adjuvant strategies to exploit rare drivers present in less than 5% of tumor samples; 5) insufficient genomic discovery efforts directed towards samples accrued from patients suffering from endocrine therapy resistant disease progression and 6) an incomplete understanding of how complex somatic genotypes drive the biochemical events responsible for the “hallmarks” of luminal cancer.

To better address these issues, five areas of investigation will be discussed: 1) somatic mutation diagnosis in DNA from primary breast cancer samples from patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen and followed for over 20 years; 2) DNA and RNA sequencing of samples accrued from patients treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy to define the molecular origins of intrinsic aromatase inhibitor resistance and to identify pharmacological hypothesis; 3) efforts to expand and catalog patient-derived xenografts from ER+ breast cancers, including the use of mass spectrometry-based analysis of their proteomes and phosphoproteomes to expand our knowledge of the biochemistry of individual tumors; 4) a functional and pharmacological investigation of mutations in ESR1, including resistance-activating chromosomal translocations, and 5) the development of a neoadjuvant endocrine therapy strategy that identifies patients with intrinsic endocrine therapy resistance within a month of starting treatment so that they can be triaged to mutation-matched investigational treatment.

Citation Format: Matthew J. Ellis. Genome-Directed Therapeutics for Endocrine Therapy Resistant ER+ Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PL-1.
Abstract S3-05: Intrinsic subtypes, PIK3CA mutation, and the degree of benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab in NSABP trial B-31
Authors: Paik Soonmyung , Pogue-Geile Katherine L , Song Nan , Gavin Patrick G , Kim Seong-Rim
Published: May 2015

Purpose: Considerable molecular heterogeneity exists among HER2-positive breast cancer regarding gene expression and mutation profiling. Evidence from preclinical, clinical neoadjuvant, and metastatic clinical trials suggested PIK3CA mutational status and PAM50 intrinsic subtype of a tumor were markers of response to anti-HER2 therapies. We evaluated the predictive value of these two biomarkers in the adjuvant setting using archived tumor blocks from NSABP trial B-31.

Methods: Expression data for 49 genes using the nCounter platform was used to generate PAM50 intrinsic subtypes for 1,578 archived tumor blocks from B-31. Five PIK3CA hotspot mutations were examined by mass spectrometry of the primer extension products in a randomly selected subset (N=671). We examined the heterogeneity of trastuzumab treatment effect across different subsets defined by each marker using Cox regression and disease free survival as the endpoint.

Results: 741/1578 (47.0%) tumors were classified as HER2E subtype; and 166/671 (24.7%) had PIK3CA mutations. Hazard ratios (HR) for trastuzumab in HER2E and other subtypes were 0.44 (95%CI: 0.34-0.58, p<0.001) and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.35-0.62, p<0.001), respectively (interaction p=0.67). HRs for trastuzumab in PIK3CA wild type and mutated were 0.51 (95%CI: 0.37-0.71, p<0.001) and 0.44 (95%CI: 0.24-0.82, p=0.009), respectively (interaction p=0.64).

Conclusion: Unlike results seen in the metastatic and neoadjuvant clinical trials, PIK3CA and PAM50 intrinsic subtypes were not biomarkers for differential response to trastuzumab in NSABP B-31. These data suggest that results from the metastatic and neoadjuvant setting may not be always applicable to the adjuvant setting.

Support: National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Grants U10-CA-12027, U10-CA-69651, U10-CA-37377, and U10-CA-69974, and by a grant from the Pennsylvania State Department of Health. The latter Department specifically disclaims responsibility for any analysis, interpretations or conclusions.

Citation Format: Soonmyung Paik, Katherine L Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim. Intrinsic subtypes, PIK3CA mutation, and the degree of benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab in NSABP trial B-31 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr S3-05.
Next-Generation Sequencing of Stage IV Squamous Cell Lung Cancers Reveals an Association of PI3K Aberrations and Evidence of Clonal Heterogeneity in Patients with Brain Metastases
Authors: Paik Paul K. , Shen Ronglai , Won Helen , Rekhtman Natasha , Wang Lu , Sima Camelia S. , Arora Arshi , Seshan Venkatraman , Ladanyi Marc , Berger Michael F. , Kris Mark G.
Published: May 2015

Large-scale genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers (SQCLC) has revealed several putative oncogenic drivers. There are, however, little data to suggest that these alterations have clinical relevance. We performed comprehensive genomic profiling (including next-generation sequencing) of 79 stage IV SQCLCs and analyzed differences in the clinical characteristics of two major SQCLC subtypes: FGFR1 amplified and PI3K aberrant. Patients with PI3K-aberrant tumors had aggressive disease marked by worse survival (median overall survival, 8.6 vs. 19.1 months, P < 0.001), higher metastatic burden (>3 organs, 18% vs. 3%, P = 0.025), and greater incidence of brain metastases (27% vs. 0% in others, P < 0.001). We performed whole-exome and RNA sequencing on paired brain metastases and primary lung cancers to elucidate the metastatic process to brain. SQCLC primaries that gave rise to brain metastases exhibited truncal PTEN loss. SQCLC brain metastases exhibited a high degree of genetic heterogeneity and evidence of clonal differences between their primary sites.

Significance: We performed next-generation sequencing of metastatic SQCLCs and primary lung–brain metastasis pairs, identifying PI3K-aberrant tumors as an aggressive subset associated with brain metastases. We identified genetic heterogeneity between lung primaries–brain metastases as well as clonal populations that may highlight alterations important in the metastatic process. Cancer Discov; 5(6); 610–21. ©2015 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 565
Do Messianismo Populista à Distopia Contemporânea: os tortuosos percursos da modernidade literária brasileira na segunda metade do século xx
Authors: Murari Luciana
Published: May 2015

ARAÚJO, Homero Vizeu. Futuro Pifado na Literatura Brasileira: Promessas Desenvolvimentistas e Modernização Autoritária. Porto Alegre, UFRGS, 2014, 284 p.
A fazenda assombrada: figurações da escravidão no romance Til, de José de Alencar
Authors: Barbosa Paula Maciel
Published: May 2015

O ensaio apresenta o romance Til, de José de Alencar, examinando-o em seus aspectos formais, que revelam a matéria histórica que o embasa. Discute-se as continuidades e as diferenças do livro em relação à obra anterior do romancista. Ao trazer a ação para uma fazenda de café escravista do Segundo Reinado, e propondo-se a figurar todas as camadas sociais envolvidas no mundo da fazenda, Alencar aponta para o núcleo de todo o sistema: o café e o trabalho escravo. Com isso, o romance figura dois polos, centro e periferia – ou a casa-grande e seus arredores –, que são postos em confronto, o que projeta sobre a obra ambiguidades de todos os tipos, além de responder pela instabilidade da própria estrutura do romance. Procura-se demonstrar que a escravidão é um dado essencial da obra, ainda que a simples leitura de seu enredo não aponte diretamente para isso.
Protective Role of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ in the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Shimada Kenji , Furukawa Hajime , Wada Kosuke , Korai Masaaki , Wei Yuan , Tada Yoshiteru , Kuwabara Atsushi , Shikata Fumiaki , Kitazato Keiko T. , Nagahiro Shinji , Lawton Michael T. , Hashimoto Tomoki
Published: May 2015

Background and Purpose—

Inflammation is emerging as a key component of the pathophysiology of intracranial aneurysms. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor of which activation modulates various aspects of inflammation.

Methods—

Using a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm, we examined the potential roles of PPARγ in the development of rupture of intracranial aneurysm.

Results—

A PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, significantly reduced the incidence of ruptured aneurysms and the rupture rate without affecting the total incidence aneurysm (unruptured aneurysms and ruptured aneurysms). PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) abolished the protective effect of pioglitazone. The protective effect of pioglitazone was absent in mice lacking macrophage PPARγ. Pioglitazone treatment reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant factor-1, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6) that are primarily produced by macrophages in the cerebral arteries. Pioglitazone treatment reduced the infiltration of M1 macrophage into the cerebral arteries and the macrophage M1/M2 ratio. Depletion of macrophages significantly reduced the rupture rate.

Conclusions—

Our data showed that the activation of macrophage PPARγ protects against the development of aneurysmal rupture. PPARγ in inflammatory cells may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of aneurysmal rupture.
Protease-Activated Receptor 1 and 4 Signal Inhibition Reduces Preterm Neonatal Hemorrhagic Brain Injury
Authors: Lekic Tim , Klebe Damon , McBride Devin W. , Manaenko Anatol , Rolland William B. , Flores Jerry J. , Altay Orhan , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H.
Published: May 2015

Background and Purpose—

This study examines the role of thrombin’s protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1, PAR-4 in mediating cyclooxygenase-2 and mammalian target of rapamycin after germinal matrix hemorrhage.

Methods—

Germinal matrix hemorrhage was induced by intraparenchymal infusion of bacterial collagenase into the right ganglionic eminence of P7 rat pups. Animals were treated with PAR-1, PAR-4, cyclooxygenase-2, or mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors by 1 hour, and ≤5 days.

Results—

We found increased thrombin activity 6 to 24 hours after germinal matrix hemorrhage, and PAR-1, PAR-4, inhibition normalized cyclooxygenase-2, and mammalian target of rapamycin by 72 hours. Early treatment with NS398 or rapamycin substantially improved long-term outcomes in juvenile animals.

Conclusions—

Suppressing early PAR signal transduction, and postnatal NS398 or rapamycin treatment, may help reduce germinal matrix hemorrhage severity in susceptible preterm infants.
Sulcal Effacement With Preserved Gray–White Junction
Authors: Haussen Diogo C. , Lima Andrey , Frankel Michael , Anderson Aaron , Belagaje Samir , Nahab Fadi , Rangaraju Srikant , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: May 2015

Background and Purpose—

Sulcal effacement with preserved underlying gray–white matter junction (isolated sulcal effacement [ISE]) in acute ischemic stroke may not represent irreversible parenchymal injury. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and significance of ISE in patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

Consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with middle cerebral artery M1 or internal carotid artery terminus occlusions who underwent computed tomography angiogram/perfusion followed by intra-arterial therapy were screened for ISE.

Results—

Out of the 568 patients who underwent intra-arterial therapy between March 2011 and September 2014, 108 fulfilled inclusion criteria. ISE was present in 8 (7.4%) patients (age 55.7±10.5 years, 6 female, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 16.1±3.8, 5 middle cerebral artery-M1, and 3 internal carotid artery terminus occlusions). Computed tomography angiogram revealed engorged/dilated leptomeningeal vessels obliterating the sulci within the areas of effacement, whereas computed tomography perfusion indicated normal-to-increased cerebral blood volume and prolonged
T
max
in all patients. Modified treatment in cerebral ischemia (mTICI) 2b-3 reperfusion was achieved in all patients. Follow-up imaging confirmed no infarct in the ISE area in all patients, and 5 (62%) had modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 at 3 months.

Conclusions—

Sulcal effacement with preserved gray–white delineation is occasionally visualized in patients with proximal occlusion strokes, relates to robust leptomeningeal collaterals, and indicates preserved underlying parenchyma. ISE should not be used to exclude patients from thrombectomy.
The Relationship Between Student Transfers and District Academic Performance: Accounting for Feedback Effects
Authors: Welsch David M. , Zimmer David M.
Published: May 2015

This paper draws attention to a subtle, but concerning, empirical challenge common in panel data models that seek to estimate the relationship between student transfers and district academic performance. Specifically, if such models have a dynamic element, and if the estimator controls for unobserved traits by including district-level effects, then model validity does not allow for a district's academic performance, in turn, to impact future transfers. Yet it seems reasonable that families, having access to publicly available aggregated information on standardized test results, seek to move their children to better-performing districts. In this paper, we demonstrate that, not only is such feedback quantitatively and qualitatively important, but also that allowing for such feedback substantially alters the estimated relationship between transfers and district performance.
Issue Salience and Controversy: Any Effect on Chair’s Autonomy in Multilateral Negotiations?
Authors: Blavoukos Spyros , Bourantonis Dimitris
Published: May 2015

High issue salience and controversy negatively affect the probability of success of multilateral negotiations. In such a context, Chairpersons acquire an important role in agenda management and brokerage among the bargaining partners. If they perform these functions neutrally and impartially, Chairs increase their effectiveness and emerge as key determinants of negotiation success. However, Chairs as agents often seek some degree of autonomy to pursue their own interests. We expect high issue salience and controversy to create a non-conducive environment for Chairs to follow their own agenda, due to greater principals’ sensitivity, thus leading any such autonomy-seeking attempt to failure. We discuss four case studies of negotiations taken from the un setting, in which Chairs sought autonomy in a highly polarized and controversial bargaining environment. Whereas in the first two cases, the Chairs’ attempts ended in failure confirming our basic hypothesis, in the latter two cases the Chairs were successful.
The Politics of Recognition
Authors: Gary Browning
Published: May 2015

Hobbes and Hegel are standardly taken to be contrasting political theorists, who maintain contrasting views on philosophy, individualism, and society. However, Oakeshott’s reading of Hobbes is a reminder that Hobbes can be read in ways that reduce antagonisms between Hobbes and Hegel. Hobbes’s state of nature is an artificial device that is internally related to the significance of political artifice in rendering the social world a reasonable context for interaction just as the struggle for recognition in Hegel shows the need for a political context in which individuals can interact with one another in ways that are productive and equilibrated. Both Hobbes and Hegel invoke notions of mortality, conflict and sociality in their imaginative depictions of life and death struggles. They also share a notion of the sovereignty of nation-states and were doubtful over the viability of international treaties and organisations.
Where Is Size in the Brain of the Beholder?
Authors: Schwarzkopf Dietrich Samuel
Published: May 2015

Despite advances in our understanding of how the brain represents visual space, it remains unresolved how the subjective experience of an object’s size arises. While responses in retinotopic cortex correlate with perceived size, this does not imply that those brain regions mediate perceived size differences. Here I describe how the percept of an object’s size could be generated in the brain and outline unanswered questions that future research should seek to address.
Phylogeny of the Henriquezieae-Posoquerieae-Sipaneeae, a Guayanan-centered clade of Rubiaceae: implications for morphological evolution
Authors: Cortes-B. Rocio , MOTLEY TIMOTHY J.
Published: May 2015

The Henriquezieae-Posoquerieae-Sipaneeae clade (Rubiaceae) is centered in the Guayana Region of Northern South America. The Henriquezieae and Sipaneeae contain a large number of taxa that are endemic to the Guayana Region, while the Posoquerieae exhibits a wider distribution throughout the Neotropics. In order to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships within this clade, and assess the evolution of selected morphological characters potentially important in its diversification, we performed parsimony analyses of ITS, trnL-F, rps16 and morphology, Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses of the molecular data, and optimized six morphological characters on cpDNA trees. Results confirm the monophyly of each of the tribes, and that of the genera included in the study. The Sipaneeae are the earliest diverging lineage, sister to a well-supported Henriquezieae-Posoquerieae clade. Henriquezieae have many traits unique or atypical in Rubiaceae, a tendency observed in other lineages endemic to the Guayana Region, suggesting strong selection for morphological novelties necessary to colonize the extremely poor soils of this region. The pollen catapult mechanism originated in the Molopanthera-Posoqueria clade is perhaps unique in angiosperms, and may represent a novel strategy that played an important role in the early divergence that gave rise to both genera, and to the early radiation of the genus Posoqueria. Diversification of Posoqueria outside the Guayana Region probably was accompanied by a shift from capsular to baccate fruits that facilitated colonization of understory forests. Habit specialization may be considered a consistent factor in the diversification of the Guayanan-centered clade of the Rubiaceae.
Revision of Neobertiera (Rubiaceae, Sipaneeae) with observations on distyly, and three new species from the Guianas
Authors: Delprete Piero G.
Published: May 2015

The ongoing treatments for the Flora of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, and French Guiana) and the monographic study of the tribe Sipaneeae prompted a revision of Neobertiera, discovering the distylous condition of this genus, and three undescribed species, one probably restricted to Guyana, and two probably restricted to French Guiana. Because of these novel observations and the different kinds of inflorescence of the newly described species, a generic description, with yet another amendment, a key to the species, illustrations, and material examined are presented.
Timothy J. Motley (4 June 1965–28 March 2013) and his passion for Ethnobotany and Pacific Islands flora
Authors: Delprete Piero G.
Published: May 2015

Timothy Jay Motley was born June 4th, 1965, to Roy and Joan (née Schaeffer) Motley, in Paxton, Illinois, USA. He grew up on a farm in east-central Illinois, and attended Armstrong-Ellis Grade School. He entered Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Illinois, where he completed a Bachelor of Science in 1987 and a Master of Science in Botany in 1989, having written a dissertation on Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus). In 1996 he earned a Ph.D. in Botany at the University of Hawaii, Manoa; his dissertation on evolutionary and reproductive biology of Labordia (Loganiaceae). While in Hawaii, he developed a particular interest for the Pacific islands flora and for ethnobotany, two passions that he pursued for the rest of his life. Shortly after finishing his doctorate, he worked at The New York Botanical Garden (NYBG) as Post-Doctoral Research Associate (1997−1998), Assistant Curator (1998−2004), Acting Chair (1999−2000; 2001−2002), and Project Head of Conservation Genetics in Island Systems (1998−2006) in the Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics Studies. While working for NYBG, he travelled widely in regions where his projects would take him, mostly in the South Pacific, and visited the Kingdom of Tonga, Rapa Iti, Bora Bora, Papua New Guinea, Guam, Pohnpei, Fiji, Mauritius, Reunion, Vanuatu, Philippines, Jamaica, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Hawaii, and Tahiti. In 2006, he was hired as the J. Robert Stiffler Distinguished Professor of Botany and Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, and as the Director of Science at the Norfolk Botanical Garden, Norfolk, Virginia. During this period, he continued his expeditions to study and collect plants in the South Pacific and beyond, including Ecuador, the Galapagos Archipelago, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Mexico, the Louisiade Archipelago, and yearly field trips to underexplored regions of China. Sadly, after suffering a sudden cardiac arrest, he passed away on March 28, 2013, at age 47, at the peak of his career, leaving his wife, young son, and numerous colleagues and friends. His numerous ongoing projects, which are currently being continued by his graduate students and colleagues around the world, assure that his scientific legacy, his loving character, and his integrity will never be forgotten.
Spiradiclis danxiashanensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from South China
Authors: Wang Ruijiang , WEN HAIZHEN , DENG SHUJUN , ZHOU LIANXUAN
Published: May 2015

Spiradiclis danxiashanensis, a new species segregated from S. guangdongensis, is described and illustrated. The morphological description of S. guangdongensis is emended accordingly. Both species are Chinese endemics and a conservation assessment to each of them is provided using IUCN guidelines.
A new species of Discospermum (Coffeeae, Rubiaceae) from Luzon, Philippines including its conservation status
Authors: Arriola Axel Havana , Alejandro Grecebio Jonathan
Published: May 2015

Discospermum philippinensis, a new endemic species from the Philippines, is here described and illustrated. The species is similar to D. whitfordii because of a persistent calyx and a prominent disk below the fruit apex, from which it can be distinguished by leaf blades 5.5–15.5 × 3.5–6.5 cm, acute to attenuate leaf apex (vs. 4.5–10.0 × 2.0–4.5, caudate in D. whitfordii), fruits faintly ribbed, smaller with thin mesocarp (vs. non-ribbed, with a thick mesocarp), and 4–6 seeds per locule (vs. 5–12).
Notes on Hedyotis L. (Rubiaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Wangwasit Khanit , Chantaranothai Pranom
Published: May 2015

Hedyotis puffii is described and illustrated based on material from Thailand. The new species differs from H. tavoyensis by its obtuse angled stems, usually with (0­­ ̶ )1 ̶ 2 glands on the calyx margin and the sinus of the calyx that has no interposed subulate teeth. The conservation status of this new taxon is vulnerable (VU D2). In addition the new combination Hedyotis laotica is made and a lectotype is designated.
Overview of South African Dendromonocotyle (Monogenea : Monocotylidae), with descriptions of 2 new species from stingrays (Dasyatidae) kept in public aquaria
Authors: VAUGHAN DAVID , CHISHOLM LESLIE , CHRISTISON KEVIN
Published: May 2015

Two new species, Dendromonocotyle citrosa n. sp. off Dasyatis chrysonota (Smith) from Two Oceans Aquarium in Cape Town and off Himantura gerrardi (Gray) from uShaka Sea World in Durban and D. ukuthena n. sp. off H. gerrardi and H. uarnak (Forsskal) also from uShaka Sea World in Durban, are described. These can be distinguished from previously described Dendromonocotyle species by the morphology of the distal portion of the male copulatory organ and the proximal part of the vagina. Vaginal morphology is proposed as an important diagnostic character for species in the genus. Dendromonocotyle colorni Chisholm, Whittington & Kearn, 2001 which was originally recorded from H. uarnak in Israel, was discovered on H. uarnak sympatrically with D. ukuthena n. sp. and with D. citrosa n. sp. and D. ukuthena n. sp. off H. gerrardi. Minor differences in the number of papillary sclerites, the presence of septal tripartite sclerites and in the number of eyespots were seen between D. colorni collected from H. uarnak and H. gerrardi from uShaka Sea World and those originally described off H. uarnak from Israel. We demonstrate that the position of the marginal hooklets can be used to determine the orientation of the haptor of all representative Dendromonocotyle species with or without hamuli. We conclude that Dendromonocotyle species may not be as host-specific as previously believed and that minor differences in morphology are host or geographically induced.
Redescription and generic placement of the spider Cryptachaea gigantipes (Keyserling, 1890) (Araneae: Theridiidae) and notes on related synanthropic species in Australasia
Authors: SMITH HELEN M. , VINK COR J. , FITZGERALD BRIAN M. , SIRVID PHIL J.
Published: May 2015

Cryptachaea gigantipes (Keyserling, 1890) n. comb. is redescribed from fresh material, the female is described for the first time and notes on biology are given. Cryptachaea gigantipes has been recorded from natural habitats in south-eastern Australia, but is also commonly encountered around houses and other built structures, there and in the North Island of New Zealand. The earliest New Zealand records are from the year 2000 and it would appear that the species has been accidentally introduced due to its synanthropic tendencies. The idea of a recent and limited initial introduction is supported by cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences, which are extremely homogeneous from New Zealand specimens compared to those from Australia. A comparison of Cryptachaea gigantipes with Cryptachaea veruculata (Urquhart, 1886) shows the two species are closely related. Theridion calyciferum Urquhart, 1886 from New Zealand and Achaearanea extrilida (Keyserling, 1890) from Australia are placed in synonymy under C. veruculata n. syn.
A New Species of Oocyclus Sharp From Southeastern China (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Authors: JIA FENGLONG , MATÉ JASON F.
Published: May 2015

Oocyclus Sharp is a moderately large genus of water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) with 50 valid species described from the Oriental and Neotropical Regions. Most occur in waterfalls and other hygropetric environments (Short & Fikáček 2011, Short & Jia 2011). Currently, six species have been reported from China (Hebauer & Wang 1998, Short & Jia 2011) of which O. bhutanicus Sâto was doubtful (Short & Swanson 2005).
Ctenocheloides boucheti n. sp., a new ghost shrimp from Papua New Guinea (Decapoda, Axiidea, Ctenochelidae)
Authors: POORE GARY C. B.
Published: May 2015

Ctenocheloides boucheti, the third species in this widespread but rare genus, is described from Papua New Guinea. It differs from the others in having more acute distal lobe on the eyestalk, more prominent distal bifid tooth on the cheliped ischium, longer cheliped fingers, shorter telson and the antennular and antennal peduncles reaching similar lengths.
Comments on the biology of Sciodrepoides watsoni watsoni (Spence, 1813) with descriptions of larvae and pupa (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae)
Authors: KILIAN ALEKSANDRA , MĄDRA ANNA
Published: May 2015

The late-instar larva of Sciodrepoides watsoni watsoni is redescribed and the egg, first and second instar and pupa are described for the first time. Immature stages habitus, chaetotaxy, detailed illustrations and details of life cycle are provided. Previous descriptions of larva of S. watsoni are discussed. The structures of larvae of S. watsoni are compared with those of other known larvae of Cholevinae.
Arrhopalites potapovi sp. nov. (Collembola, Symphypleona) from Russia
Authors: VARGOVITSH ROBERT S.
Published: May 2015

A new springtail species of the family Arrhopalitidae, Arrhopalites potapovi sp. nov., is described. It belongs to the caecus species group characterized by 3,2,1,1,1 anterior setae on dens and separates from Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg) and other congeners by strongly differentiated cuticular spines on sixth abdominal segment, shape of female subanal appendages and foot complex. It was found under the loose bark of trees from two localities along Lake Baikal and it is the second representative of the genus Arrhopalites Börner sensu stricto in Russia
Improved Prediction of Bay of Bengal Tropical Cyclones through Assimilation of Doppler Weather Radar Observations
Authors: Osuri Krishna K. , Mohanty U. C. , Routray A. , Niyogi Dev
Published: May 2015

The impact on tropical cyclone (TC) prediction from assimilating Doppler weather radar (DWR) observations obtained from the TC inner core and environment over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is studied. A set of three operationally relevant numerical experiments were conducted for 24 forecast cases involving 5 unique severe/very severe BoB cyclones: Sidr (2007), Aila (2009), Laila (2010), Jal (2010), and Thane (2011). The first experiment (CNTL) used the NCEP FNL analyses for model initial and boundary conditions. In the second experiment [Global Telecommunication System (GTS)], the GTS observations were assimilated into the model initial condition while the third experiment (DWR) used DWR with GTS observations. Assimilation of the TC environment from DWR improved track prediction by 32%–53% for the 12–72-h forecast over the CNTL run and by 5%–25% over GTS and was consistently skillful. More gains were seen in intensity, track, and structure by assimilating inner-core DWR observations as they provided more realistic initial organization/asymmetry and strength of the TC vortex. Additional experiments were conducted to assess the role of warm-rain and ice-phase microphysics to assimilate DWR reflectivity observations. Results indicate that the ice-phase microphysics has a dominant impact on inner-core reflectivity assimilation and in modifying the intensity evolution, hydrometeors, and warm core structure, leading to improved rainfall prediction. This study helps provide a baseline for the credibility of an observational network and assist with the transfer of research to operations over the India monsoon region.
Environmental sustainability in social work education: An online initiative to encourage global citizenship
Authors: Boetto Heather , Bell Karen
Published: May 2015

This article explores the impact of an online programme developed to educate Australian social work students about environmental sustainability. Drawing on Hawkins’ definition of global citizenship, online workshop activities are used to develop students’ knowledge, concern and action about environmental degradation in a global context. A qualitative approach is used to gauge the value of the programme, and outcomes indicate benefits to student learning about social justice issues, particularly in relation to gender, carbon emissions and global impacts. Implications for social work education are discussed, and a framework for future curriculum development is presented.
Modeling and simulation of the collective efficacy of distributed organizations: toward an interdependent network
Authors: Liu Haibin , Hu Bin , Hu Xiaolin
Published: May 2015

Because of the temporal, spatial, and functional dimensions in distributed organizations, members’ cognitive processes play an important role in executing tasks. Coordination is necessary for successfully finishing tasks in distributed organizations. Meanwhile, interdependence between sub-units is an intrinsic property of distributed organizations. We put forward an interdependent network model and applied simulation experiments to study the collective efficacy evolution of distributed organizations based on the theory of planned behavior. Experiment results show several insights for distributed organizations operation: (1) organizational size has an impact on collective efficacy evolution, and a size that is too small or too large is not helpful; (2) task payoff and task cost affect collective efficacy evolution only slightly, while task difficulty has considerable effect on collective efficacy evolution and distribution; (3) coordinating willingness affects interdependent network structure of distributed organizations, and further influences collective efficacy evolution and distribution; (4) a slightly interdependent weight difference between sub-units can benefit collective efficacy evolution and enhance members’ collective efficacy; (5) imbalance in the size of sub-units decreases the collective efficacy.