bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atriplex nummularia como alternativa alimentar para frangos Caipira Francês
Authors: Barreto Viviane Nunes Souza , Menezes Daniel Ribeiro , Pereira Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro , Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo , Silva Aldrin Ederson Vila Nova , Sousa Luciano Nunes , Barbosa Aynoanne Leandro , Costa Jonathan Maia da Silva , Moreira Rafaele Ferreira
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar com este trabalho a utilização da ervasal (Atriplex nummularia) irrigada com o resíduo da dessalinização, como alternativa alimentar em dietas para engorda de frangos Caipira Francês. Aos 28 dias de idade, foram selecionados, de forma individual e por peso, 120 frangos (60 machos e 60 fêmeas) que foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. As dietas experimentais foram isonutritivas e formuladas à base de feno da parte aérea da mandioca (FM), feno de Atriplex (FA), milho em grão moído e farelo de soja. Foram utilizados quatro tratamentos: 0%; 35%; 65%; e 100% de substituição do FM pelo FA na ração base. Não houve diferença significativa para o consumo de matéria seca, consumo de proteína bruta e consumo de energia bruta em relação à substituição do FM pelo FA que apresentaram médias de 133,9g/ave/dia, 19,8g/ave/dia e 543,3Kcal/ave/dia, respectivamente. A conversão alimentar das dietas testadas obteve comportamento linear crescente. Com substituição de 17,7% do FM pelo FA podemse obter ganhos máximos de 432,4g e 14,4g/dia, respectivamente para ganho médio total e diário. A substituição do FM pelo FA em intervalo de 46,4 a 50% apresentou melhores resultados para peso de carcaça e valores econômicos nas dietas testadas.
Substituição parcial de farelo de soja por ureia de liberação lenta em rebanhos leiteiros comerciais
Authors: Silveira Vítor Augusto , Lopes Naína Magalhães , Oliveira Rafael Caputo , Gonzales Bruno , Siqueira Alexandre Valise , Bier Luiz Pedro Poletti , Zoni Mario Sérgio , Giardini Winston , Pereira Renata Apocalypse Nogueira , Almeida Rodrigo de , Pereira Marcos Neves
Published: October 2014

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar a substituição parcial de farelo de soja por ureia encapsulada (Optigen®II, Alltech do Brasil, Curitiba, PR, Brasil). Na dieta Controle, 1kg de farelo de soja foi substituído por mistura isonitrogenada que continha 160g de Optigen®II + 2,5kg de silagem de milho no Exp.1, ou 150g de Optigen®II + 850g de milho moído fino no Exp.2. No Exp.1, 61 vacas Holandês foram blocadas e alocadas a um tratamento por 21 dias, e as medidas da mesma variável no final da padronização utilizadas como covariável. No Exp.2, 97 vacas foram alocadas a uma sequência dos dois tratamentos por 21 dias, em delineamento de reversão simples. A resposta aos tratamentos foi avaliada do dia 17 ao 21. Em ambos os experimentos, não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos na composição em nutrientes da dieta oferecida e das sobras, nas sobras como % do oferecido, no peso vivo e no escore de condição corporal dos animais. A produção diária de leite foi 38,4 kg/d no Controle e 38,9 no Optigen®II (P=0,62) no Exp.1, e 27,0kg/d e 27,2 no Exp.2 (P=0,64), respectivamente. A ureia encapsulada reduziu a porcentagem de gordura no leite no Exp.2 (P=0,04). O Optigen®II aumentou o nitrogênio ureico no leite de 16,3 para 17,3mg/dL no Exp.1 (P<0,01) e as relações entre o leite produzido e o alimento consumido (P=0,08) e entre a alantoína e a creatinina urinárias (P=0,03) no Exp.2. A substituição parcial de farelo de soja por Optigen®II não induziu queda no desempenho.
Fezes equina como fonte de inóculo na obtenção de indicadores indigestíveis para estimar a digestibilidade em equinos
Authors: Oliveira Kátia de , Bittar Carla Maris Machado , Costa Ciniro , Oliveira Vinicius Antônio Baptista , Sá Janaina Carolina de
Published: October 2014

Foram utilizados quatro cavalos castrados, por meio de delineamento em blocos casualizados. Objetivou-se viabilizar a obtenção in vitro das fibras indigestíveis, FDNi e FDAi, mediante a utilização, como inóculos, de líquido ruminal (LR) e fezes equina (FE), para estimar o coeficiente de digestibilidade nutrientes (CDN) de cavalos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo método direto com a coleta total de fezes (CT) e indireto pelo uso das FDNi e FDAi obtidas por meio dos inóculos, LR e FE. Desta forma, no primeiro ensaio os equinos consumiram exclusivamente feno de coast-cross, e para o ensaio 2 os animais receberam 70% de feno de coast-cross e 30% de grãos de milho. Para o ensaio 1, a FDAi-FE, promoveu a melhor taxa de recuperação (TR) do indicador, o que a igualou ao grupo controle (CT), em 103,67%, enquanto que as FDNi-LR e FDAi-LR resultaram as piores taxa de 83,43 e 88,28%, respectivamente. As estimativas dos CDN foram adequadamente preditos pelas FDNi-FE e FDAi-FE. No ensaio 2 não se verificou efeito significativo do tipo de indicador e do método de obtenção na TR do indicador (valor médio de 101%). As estimativas dos CDN foram adequadamente preditos pela FDAi, obtida por meio de ambos inóculos e FDNi, com o uso de fezes equina, para equinos alimentados com dieta mista. Concluiu-se que as fezes equina podem ser usadas como inóculo na obtenção das FDNi e FDAi, in vitro, em equinos alimentados exclusivamente com feno de coast-cross e na predição da digestibilidade de nutrientes, para cavalos que consomem dieta mista.
Modelos de crescimento microbiano ruminal em função do suprimento de nutrientes
Authors: Oliveira André Soares de , Lana Rogério de Paula , Oliveira Márcia Rodrigues Carvalho
Published: October 2014

Avaliaram-se diferentes modelos lineares (quadrático, linear-platô, quadrático-platô e raiz quadrada) e não lineares (exponencial-Mitscherlich e Michaelis-Menten) para descrever o crescimento microbiano ruminal em função do suprimento de nutrientes. Utilizou-se banco de dados compostos por 76 observações de meios de cultivo ruminal in vitro (mix de bactéria) contendo 0,0; 0,375; 0,75; 1,50; 3,0; 6,0; 12 e 24g de sacarose/L. O crescimento microbiano foi avaliado por meio de mensuração da densidade óptica (OD - 600nm) após 0; 6; 12; 18 e 24 horas de fermentação. A avaliação conjunta dos parâmetros da regressão linear dos valores preditos e observados indicou adequação de todos os modelos na predição do crescimento microbiano. A partição do quadrado médio do erro de predição não permitiu identificar diferenças na qualidade da predição do crescimento microbiano entre os modelos. Porém, ao avaliar o crescimento marginal em função do suprimento de glicose verificou-se inadequação do modelo linear-platô e do modelo quadrático (em baixos níveis substratos). Os modelos quadrático-platô, raiz quadrada, Mitscherlich ou Michaelis-Menten podem ser utilizados para descrever o comportamento do crescimento microbiano ruminal ao suprimento de nutrientes. Entretanto, diferenças são observadas quanto às estimativas das eficiências de uso nos diferentes níveis de substratos, o que implica em diferenças nas recomendações dos níveis ótimos de nutrientes. Neste sentido, a escolha desses modelos poderá ser modulada pelo nível de suprimento de nutrientes desejado.
Análise da aplicabilidade da Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais (INDE) para dados vetoriais em escalas grandes
Authors: Dornelles Marco Aurélio , Iescheck Andrea Lopes
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa sobre Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais (IDE). Com o objetivo de evitar a duplicidade de ações e o desperdício de recursos na obtenção de dados geoespaciais, o Governo Brasileiro iniciou, em 2003, estudos sistemáticos com o objetivo de integrar e padronizar os dados espaciais produzidos por diferentes instituições federais. O Decreto 6.666, aprovado em 27 de novembro de 2008, estabeleceu a Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais (INDE). A padronização da estrutura de dados espaciais e de metadados proposta pela INDE atende as escalas padrão de 1:25.000, 1:50.000, 1:100.000, 1:250.000 e 1:100.0000 da Cartografia Sistemática Brasileira. O mapeamento topográfico em escalas maiores que 1:25.000, no entanto, ainda carece de uma legislação em âmbito federal para sua normatização. A adoção das normas e padrões propostos pela INDE para projetos cartográficos em escalas grandes significa um avanço nesse sentido e atende à recomendação do Plano de Ação da INDE. Ao considerar a importância dos dados espaciais em escalas grandes para os diferentes setores da sociedade brasileira que utilizam informação espacial, o principal objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a aplicabilidade das normas e padrões de dados e de metadados propostos pela INDE, para o mapeamento topográfico em escalas grandes. A metodologia de trabalho adotada compreende o levantamento e a análise das feições mapeadas, a definição da relação destas feições com as categorias, classes, subclasses e atributos de objetos, de acordo com os padrões da INDE, a implementação da base de dados espaciais e a associação dos metadados, para uma área piloto na escala 1:2.000. Os dados utilizados no desenvolvimento deste trabalho referem-se a 123 cartas topográficas na escala 1:2.000. Com os resultados obtidos, verifica-se que as feições representadas em cartas de escalas grandes, como no caso desta pesquisa, podem ser estruturadas de acordo com o modelo de dados e o padrão de metadados propostos na INDE, o que confirma sua aplicabilidade para escalas grandes. Pelo maior grau de detalhamento, inerente à representação de feições na escala 1:2.000, novas classes, novos atributos e novos domínios de atributo foram criados.
Totex and ISO 55000, going beyond PAS55 in the water industry
Authors: Floate Philip Edward
Published: October 2014

The water industry in England and Wales is going through a major change in regulation. Aside from targeting the customer’s requirements through long-term outcomes, the new model includes a total expenditure price control, customer cost to serve measures and the extension of competition in the non-household services. The industry mind-set and culture are being challenged to consider innovative operational solutions with increased focus on operational costs both direct and indirect. An accurate understanding of whole life cost and value is required at the scheme level and at the local, catchment and company levels. Some water companies are realising that the challenge takes them beyond PAS55:2008 Asset Management in aligning and optimising their organisations including the supply chain. ISO 55000:2014 is replacing PAS55 and supports aspects of the required improvements. This paper describes the industry position and the steps that one water company is taking. It reviews the capital, operational and planning processes that provide an integrated approach. It, in effect, looks for a comprehensive approach that supports the eternal business imperative to understand all the costs and to ‘do more for less’.
Resource pulses can alleviate the biodiversity–invasion relationship in soil microbial communities
Authors: Mallon Cyrus A. , Poly Franck , Le Roux Xavier , Marring Irene , van Elsas Jan Dirk , Salles Joana Falcão
Published: October 2014

The roles of species richness, resource use, and resource availability are central to many hypotheses explaining the diversity–invasion phenomenon but are generally not investigated together. Here, we created a large diversity gradient of soil microbial communities by either assembling communities of pure bacterial strains or removing the diversity of a natural soil. Using data on the resource‐use capacities of the soil communities and an invader that were gathered from 71 carbon sources, we quantified the niches available to both constituents by using the metrics community niche and remaining niche available to the invader. A strong positive relationship between species richness and community niche across both experiments indicated the presence of resource complementarity. Moreover, community niche and the remaining niche available to the invader predicted invader abundance well. This suggested that increased competition in communities of higher diversity limits community invasibility and underscored the importance of resource availability as a key mechanism through which diversity hinders invasions. As a proof of principle, we subjected selected invaded communities to a resource pulse, which progressively uncoupled the link between soil microbial diversity and invasion and allowed the invader to rebound after nearly being eliminated in some communities. Our results thus show that (1) resource competition suppresses invasion, (2) biodiversity increases resource competition and decreases invasion through niche preemption, and (3) resource pulses that cannot be fully used, even by diverse communities, are favorable to invasion.
Comparative Ex Vivo Evaluation of Two Electronic Percussive Testing Devices Measuring the Stability of Dental Implants
Authors: Geckili Onur , Bilhan Hakan , Cilingir Altug , Bilmenoglu Caglar , Ates Gokcen , Urgun Aliye Ceren , Bural Canan
Published: October 2014

Background: A comparative ex vivo study was performed to determine electronic percussive test values (PTVs) measured by cabled and wireless electronic percussive testing (EPT) devices and to evaluate the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the wireless EPT device.

Methods: Forty implants were inserted into the vertebrae and forty into the pelvis of a steer, a safe distance apart. The implants were all 4.3 mm wide and 13 mm long, from the same manufacturer. PTV of each implant was measured by four different examiners, using both EPT devices, and compared. Additionally, the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the wireless EPT device was evaluated.

Results: Statistically significant differences (P <0.05) were observed between PTVs made by the two EPT devices. PTVs measured by the wireless EPT device were significantly higher than the cabled EPT device (P <0.05), indicating lower implant stability. The intraobserver reliability of the wireless EPT device was evaluated as excellent for the measurements in type II bone and good‐to‐excellent in type IV bone; interobserver reliability was evaluated as fair‐to‐good in both bone types.

Conclusion: The wireless EPT device gives PTVs higher than the cabled EPT device, indicating lower implant stability, and its inter‐ and intraobserver reliability is good and acceptable.
Heavy-Oil-Recovery Enhancement With Choline Chloride/Ethylene Glycol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Shuwa S.M.. M. , Jibril B.Y.. Y. , Al-Wahaibi Y.M.. M. , Al-Hajri R.S.. S.
Published: October 2014

Because of increasing energy demand, unconventional resources such as heavy oil are being explored and recovered. Enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) methods such as surfactants and polymer flooding must be optimized and new chemicals must be designed to produce more oil. This paper introduces a new deep eutectic solvent (DES) that is based on choline chloride/ethylene glycol for EOR. As preliminary investigations revealed, different concentrations of DES solutions in brine (0 to 100 vol%) were characterized by measuring density, viscosity, conductivity, surface tension, and refractive index at different temperatures (25 to 55°C). Then, the effects of the DES/brine solutions on emulsification with oil phase, wettability alteration, oil/solvent interfacial tension (IFT), formation damage, and tertiary heavy-oil recovery were studied. Potential of the DES solution on enhancing heavy-oil recovery was explored by use of coreflood experiments. This was performed at reservoir condition (pressure = 1,200 psi, temperature = 45 to 80°C) with Berea sandstone core samples and fluids from the field of interest (formation brine and crude oil). An increase in IFT rather than a decrease was observed between the DES/brine solution and the oil. The spontaneous-water-imbibition tests suggested that a decrease in oil-wetness led to an increase in oil production. Approximately 52% of residual oil after waterflooding was recovered with the DES from the coreflooding. The results show an increase in oil recovery with reservoir temperature (6, 13, and 16% on the basis of initial oil in place at 45, 60 and 80°C, respectively). The interaction of the DES with the core materials did not lead to formation damage, as demonstrated by the permeability measurements of the DES/brine solution before and after injection. Viscous forces and wettability alteration were found to be the dominant mechanisms for the tertiary oil-recovery enhancement.
The Effects of Participation in Regular Exercise on Self-Esteem and Hopelessness of Female University Students
Authors: Yìğìter Korkmaz
Published: October 2014

I investigated the effects of participation in regular exercise for 12 weeks on self-esteem and hopelessness of female students at a Turkish university. Participants were 80 women who were randomly assigned to experiment and control groups. Rosenberg Self-Esteem and Beck Hopelessness
Scales were completed and participants in the experiment group improved in level of self-esteem whereas there was no significant change in the level of self-esteem of the control group. Moreover, results showed a significant reduction in the hopelessness level of the participants in the experiment
group but there was no significant change in level of hopelessness with the control group. A regular exercise program was found to be an impacting variable in improving self-esteem and decreasing hopelessness level of female university students in Turkey.
Job Satisfaction as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Performance Appraisal and Voice Behavior
Authors: Zhang Xu , Hu Bei , Qiu Min
Published: October 2014

We explored the mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between employees' performance appraisal and their voice behavior. A questionnaire was administered to 864 employees at enterprises representing high-tech industrial clusters from 5 cities in China. Developmental
performance appraisal was found to have a more positive influence on employees' voice behavior than evaluative performance appraisal did. Compared with prohibitive voice behavior, both developmental and evaluative types of performance appraisal had a more positive impact on promotive voice
behavior, and job satisfaction was found to play a mediating role in the relationship between these variables.
Relationships Among Social Dominance Orientation, Social Axioms, and Values
Authors: Kuşdil M. Ersin , Akoğlu Selinay Çağlar
Published: October 2014

We adopted 2 cross-culturally validated instruments, developed for the measurement of human values (Schwartz's value model) and generalized beliefs (Leung and Bond's social axioms model), to examine their relationships with the perceptions of legitimacy, permeability, and social dominance
orientation (SDO) in a group of 383 Turkish university students. The results showed that the students' perceptions of legitimacy were positively related to their conservation values and the religiosity belief dimension, and negatively related to openness to change and self-transcendence values.
We also found that the permeability scores were positively correlated with conservation values and religiosity beliefs, and negatively correlated with openness to change, self-enhancement values, and social cynicism beliefs. Regression analysis results revealed that generalized beliefs (social
axioms) and SDO were more effective than values in predicting the legitimacy scores of participants who saw boundaries as legitimate and permeable. This pattern was reversed for participants who regarded the boundaries as illegitimate and impermeable.
PELS: A Noble Architecture and Framework for a Personal E-Learning System (PELS)
Authors: Dewan Jahangir , Chowdhury Morshed , Batten Lynn
Published: October 2014

This article presents a personal e-learning system architecture in the context of a social network environment. The main objective of a personal e-learning system is to develop individual skills on a specific subject and share resources with peers. The authors' system architecture defines the organisation and management of a personal learning environment that aids in creating, verifying and sharing learning artefacts, and making money at the same time. In their research, they also focus on one of the most interesting arenas in digital content or document management – digital rights management – and its application to e-learning.
Untethering Education: Creating a Pilot Hybrid Class to Enhance Learning in Intercultural Communication
Authors: Lawton Bessie , Foeman Anita , Thompsen Philip
Published: October 2014

Improvements in educational technology in the past couple of decades have led institutions of higher learning to encourage and implement various types of distance education courses. This article reports on the conversion process of a face-to-face Intercultural Communication class at a mid-Atlantic university in the USA. First, the impetus for its creation is described, followed by the process of creating this course. Then a description of the course is presented, followed by the assessment design and results comparing the hybrid course to its face-to-face version offered in the past in terms of cognitive, behavioural, and attitudinal measures. The assessment results show that students enrolled in the hybrid course performed as well or better on knowledge questions. Students in the hybrid course outperformed face-to-face students in terms of attendance, but performed similarly for other behavioral measures. Overall, students in the hybrid course had positive attitudes toward the course.
Motherboards, Microphones and Metaphors: Re-Examining New Literacies and Black Feminist Thought through Technologies of Self
Authors: Ellison Tisha Lewis , Kirkland David E.
Published: October 2014

This article examines how two African American females composed counter-selves using a computer motherboard and a stand-alone microphone as critical identity texts. Situated within sociocultural and critical traditions in new literacy studies and black feminist thought, the authors extend conceptions of language, literacy and black femininity via the agentic, powerful and knowledgeable selves of African American women, constructs that are often missing from the scholarship on young African American women and their practices of self-definition. The motherboard and microphone serve as analytical constructs for understanding critical new literacies and subject malleability, which crisscrosses in complex configurations across the experiences, histories and relationships that carry meaning for those who struggle through scenes of silence. Motherboards and microphones act metaphorically as technologies of the self, which resist and reformat cosmologies of black femininity that have long patterned gender oppression. The findings suggest that technologies exist everywhere, and technology related to literacy and language exists in many forms, including vocabularies of motherboards and microphones. The authors conclude that using such vocabularies for expressing identity can work through the power of metaphor in its richest sense to offer new conceptions of self, whereby the subject becomes a personal artifact capable of immense transformative potential.
Accounting Credibility and Liquidity Constraints: Evidence from Reactions of Small Banks to Monetary Tightening
Authors: Lo Alvis K.
Published: October 2014

This study examines the relationship between accounting credibility and firms' ability to fund their investments. Theory suggests that credible reporting resulting from external audits enables firms to attract external funds needed for their investments. The tests exploit monetary policy tightening that creates a liquidity shortage for banks, which, in turn, either requires banks to raise additional funds to restore liquidity or forces them to restrict their investments in the form of lending. Studying small non-public banks for which external audits are voluntary, I find that audited banks can better access funds during periods of monetary tightening than unaudited banks. As such, adverse liquidity shocks impede the lending of audited banks less. Overall, these findings present new evidence on how accounting credibility affects firms' ability to invest.

Data Availability: The data are available from the sources indicated in the text.
Exploring the Potential of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Henry Robert R. , Rosenstock Julio , Edelman Steven , Mudaliar Sunder , Chalamandaris Alexandros-Georgios , Kasichayanula Sreeneeranj , Bogle Allyson , Iqbal Nayyar , List James , Griffen Steven C.
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE

Insulin adjustments to maintain glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes often lead to wide glucose fluctuations, hypoglycemia, and increased body weight. Dapagliflozin, an insulin-independent sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, increases glucosuria and reduces hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to assess short-term safety of dapagliflozin in combination with insulin; secondary objectives included pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and efficacy parameters.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A 2-week, dose-ranging, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study randomly assigned 70 adults with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 7–10%), who were receiving treatment with stable doses of insulin, to one of four dapagliflozin doses (1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg) or placebo. The insulin dose was not proactively reduced at randomization but could be adjusted for safety reasons.

RESULTS

Sixty-two patients (88.6%) completed the study. Any hypoglycemia was common across all treatments (60.0–92.3%); one major event of hypoglycemia occurred with dapagliflozin 10 mg. No diabetic ketoacidosis occurred. Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Glucosuria increased by 88 g/24 h (95% CI 55 to 121) with dapagliflozin 10 mg and decreased by −21.5 g/24 h (95% CI −53.9 to 11.0) with placebo. Changes from baseline with dapagliflozin 10 mg by day 7 were as follows: −2.29 mmol/L (95% CI −3.71 to −0.87 [−41.3 mg/dL; 95% CI −66.9 to −15.7]) for 24-h daily average blood glucose; −3.77 mmol/L (95% CI −6.09 to −1.45 [−63.1 mg/dL; 95% CI −111.5 to −14.8]) for mean amplitude of glycemic excursion; and −16.2% (95% CI −29.4 to −0.5) for mean percent change in total daily insulin dose. Corresponding changes with placebo were as follows: −1.13 mmol/L (95% CI −3.63 to 1.37), −0.45 mmol/L (95% CI −4.98 to 4.08), and 1.7% (95% CI −22.8 to 33.9), respectively. However, for every efficacy parameter, the 95% CIs for all dapagliflozin doses overlapped those for placebo.

CONCLUSIONS

This exploratory study of dapagliflozin in adults with type 1 diabetes demonstrated acceptable short-term tolerability and expected pharmacokinetic profiles and increases in urinary glucose excretion. Within the dapagliflozin groups, dose-related reductions in 24-h glucose, glycemic variability, and insulin dose were suggested, which provide hope that SGLT2 inhibition may prove in larger randomized controlled trials to be efficacious in reducing hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes.
Always on the Run
Authors: Heiderscheit Bryan
Published: October 2014

With injury incidence ranging from 26% to 92%, runners are continually seeking the next great cure that will keep them injury free. And the information they receive is often conflicting: land on your heels, land on your toes; stretching makes you faster, stretching makes you slower; wear supportive shoes, do not wear shoes at all. As practitioners, we are often guilty of the same search for a common cause of all running injuries: foot pronation, impact forces, excessive hip motion, and so on. It is a confusing time for runners, as well as for those of us who treat them. By covering a diverse range of running topics, we hope this special running issue of JOSPT improves our understanding of what running is and takes us one step further toward having common answers for those on the run. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):724–726. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0113
On the Run: A Runner's Perspective
Authors: Burfoot Amby
Published: October 2014

As part of JOSPT's October 2014 special issue on running, Boston Marathon winner and Runner's World editor Amby Burfoot provides his perspective on running. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):727–728. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0114
On the Run: A Physician's Perspective
Authors: Wilder Bob
Published: October 2014

As part of JOSPT's October 2014 special issue on running, Dr Bob Wilder provides his perspective on running. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):731–732. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0116
Symptomatic Ganglion Cyst in a Patient With Knee Pain
Authors: Lantz Justin M. , Shamim Ejaz , Elliott James M.
Published: October 2014

The patient was a 39-year-old man who was referred to a physical therapist by his primary care physician for a chief complaint of left posterior knee pain. Radiographs of the left knee, which had been previously ordered by the patient's primary care physician, were interpreted as normal. Given the patient's worsening symptoms, no history of trauma or injury, and lack of improvement with prior conservative measures, the patient was referred to an orthopaedic surgeon. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left knee was ordered, which revealed a septated ganglion cyst within the femoral notch that caused moderate displacement of the cruciate ligaments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):840. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.0412
Chemical Reactions on Metal-supported Hexagonal Boron Nitride Investigated with Density Functional Theory
Authors: Bacle Pauline , Seitsonen Ari Paavo , Iannuzzi Marcella , Hutter Jürg
Published: October 2014

Nanotechnology, in order to become ultimately efficient, requires achieving the construction of elemental structures at the atomistic precision. One way toward this goal is using templated surfaces as support for directed synthesis. The nanomesh, a single-atom thick layer of
hexagonal boron nitride on Rh(111) [Corso et al., Science 2004, 303, 217], has appeared as one candidate that provides a periodically corrugated structure on the nanometre scale. We present density functional theory studies where we investigate various properties
of the nanomesh, ranging from intrinsic defects to covalent functionalisation with hydroxyl radicals. Further we study selective dehalogenation of an organic molecule (I6-CHP) on the nanomesh. This molecule adsorbs at particular sites of the template and has been activated for C–C coupling
in recent experiments via dissociation of its halogen ligands. In all cases we find explicit templating effects, either in full agreement with experimental studies or predicting novel phenomena. The studies are evidence for the predictive power of modern electronic structure simulations and
the insight that can be gained when used together with experiments on complex chemical structures.
Non-empirical Prediction of the Photophysical and Magnetic Properties of Systems with Open d- and f-Shells Based on Combined Ligand Field and Density Functional Theory (LFDFT)
Authors: Daul Claude
Published: October 2014

Despite the important growth of ab initio and computational techniques, ligand field theory in molecular science or crystal field theory in condensed matter offers the most intuitive way to calculate multiplet energy levels arising from systems with open shells d and/or f electrons.
Over the past decade we have developed a ligand field treatment of inorganic molecular modelling taking advantage of the dominant localization of the frontier orbitals within the metal-sphere. This feature, which is observed in any inorganic coordination compound, especially if treated by
Density Functional Theory calculation, allows the determination of the electronic structure and properties with a surprising good accuracy. In ligand field theory, the theoretical concepts consider only a single atom center; and treat its interaction with the chemical environment essentially
as a perturbation. Therefore success in the simple ligand field theory is no longer questionable, while the more accurate molecular orbital theory does in general over-estimate the metal–ligand covalence, thus yields wave functions that are too delocalized. Although LF theory has always
been popular as a semi-empirical method when dealing with molecules of high symmetry e.g. cubic symmetry where the number of parameters needed is reasonably small (3 or 5), this is no more the case for molecules without symmetry and involving both an open d- and f-shell (# parameters ?90).
However, the combination of LF theory and Density Functional (DF) theory that we introduced twenty years ago can easily deal with complex molecules of any symmetry with two and more open shells. The accuracy of these predictions from 1st principles achieves quite a high accuracy
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A Review on Current Food Allergy
Authors: De Silva Ganiesha , Marapana RAUJ
Published: October 2014

Nowadays food allergy is recognized as an important food safety issue and it is widely debated world-wide. So, the food industry necessity takes the greatest care to assist those, who suffer allergies to select a suitable diet with confidence. Food allergy might be true food allergy or pseudo-allergy (food intolerance). The prevalence of food allergy is estimated much lower than are perceived by the public. That occurrence of food allergy has been estimated recently at 3-4% for adults and approximately 6-8% for young children and infants in the past decade. The most common food allergens are milk, egg, tree nut, soya, fish, some fruit (pineapple, citrus) and vegetables (tomato, mushroom) other than that food containing histamine, preservative, antioxidant, colouring, flavouring and whitening agents also cause food allergic reactions in some persons. Food allergy symptoms are unique to individual and common symptoms are nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and itching. If someone misunderstanding about food allergy could result unnecessary food restriction. So, it is important to know the proper facts about this condition. The main aim of this review is to discuss the recent literature on overview discussion of current food allergy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10562 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (14-21), 2012
Proteins Play Important Role in Intercellular Adhesion Affecting on Fruit Textural Quality
Authors: Adhikari Khem Bahadur , Shomer Ilan
Published: October 2014

Fruit textural quality is becoming a major quality parameter for export, postharvest preservation, handling and processing. The main determinant of textural quality is intercellular adhesion (ICA) as attributed by the cell wall (CW) and its components. The importance of CW protein in ICA strengthening was exemplified in Medjoul date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit, as a model. Fruit mesocarp sensitively responded to culture environment which was assayed in vitro at pH 3.5(< pKa) and pH 6.5(> pKa) in presence of organic acid molecules. The max penetration force, as a measure of ICA strength, of pH 3.5 (< pKa) incubated mesocarp (~10.5 N) was signi cantly higher than that of pH 6.5 (> pKa) incubated fruits (~2 N). The protein bands at ~29 kDa, ~75 kDa, ~32 kDa and 87 kDa were exclusively or prominently found in ICA strengthened fruits (pH 3.5< pKa) compared to texturally injured fruits (pH 6.5 > pKa). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10564 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (31-35), 2012
Study on the Extension of Shelf-life by Activation of Inherent Lactoperoxidase System in Raw Cow Milk
Authors: Pokhrel Prashanta , Das Suman Kumar Lal
Published: October 2014

Effectiveness of lactoperoxidase in raw cow milk was studied to observe the increase in shelf-life. Lactoperoxidase system was activated within two hours after milking by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and potassium thiocyanate, then milk was kept at different conditions viz. refrigerated condition (5±2)°C, room temperature (25±3)°C and at (35±2)°C. The keeping quality of raw milk was determined by the acidity, which when reached 0.18 % as lactic acid, was considered spoiled. Results indicated that the lactoperoxidase system (LP-s) increased the shelf-life of raw cow milk kept at room temperature (25±3)°C and refrigeration temperature (5±2)°C significantly (p<0.05);however no significant increase in shelf-life was observed between the control and LP-s treated raw milk sample held at (35±2)°C. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10606   J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (57-60), 2012
Technical strategies for the transcallosal transforaminal approach to third ventricle tumors: expanding the operative corridor
Authors: Patel Prayash , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Boop Frederick , Klimo Paul
Published: October 2014

Object

There are a number of surgical approaches to the third ventricle, each with advantages and disadvantages. Which approach to use depends on the location of the lesion within the ventricle, the goals of the operation, and the surgeon's experience. The authors present their results in children with a modified approach through the expanded foramen of Monro.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to identify and analyze all children who underwent what the authors term the “expanded transforaminal” approach to the third ventricle between 2010 and 2013. Perioperative data included patient demographics, signs and symptoms on presentation, tumor characteristics (type, origin, and size), complications, and clinical and radiographic outcome at final follow-up.

Results

Twelve patients were identified (5 female, 7 male) with a mean age of 9 years (range 2–19 years). Two patients underwent gross-total resections, whereas 10 resections were less than total. There were no instances of venous infarction, significant intraoperative bleeding, or short-term memory deficits. Of the 12 patients, 7 suffered a total of 17 complications. Disruption of neuroendocrine function occurred in 4 patients: 2 with transient diabetes insipidus, 2 with permanent panhypopituitarism, and 1 with central hypothroidism (1 patient had 2 complications). The most common group of complications were CSF-related, including 2 patients requiring a new shunt. There was 1 approach-related injury to the fornix, which did not result in any clinical deficits. One child with an aggressive malignancy died of tumor progression 6 months after surgery. Of the remaining 11 patients, none have experienced tumor recurrence or progression to date.

Conclusions

The expanded transcallosal transforaminal approach is a safe and relatively easy method of exploiting a natural pathway to the third ventricle, but there remain blind zones in the anterosuperior and posterosuperior regions of the third ventricle.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a zero-profile integrated plate and spacer device: a clinical and radiological study
Authors: Njoku Innocent , Alimi Marjan , Leng Lewis Z. , Shin Benjamin J. , James Andrew R. , Bhangoo Sandeep , Tsiouris Apostolos John , Härtl Roger
Published: October 2014

Object

Anterior cervical plating decreases the risk of pseudarthrosis following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Dysphagia is a common complication of ACDF, with the anterior plate implicated as a potential contributor. A zero-profile, stand-alone polyetheretherketone (PEEK) interbody spacer has been postulated to minimize soft-tissue irritation and postoperative dysphagia, but studies are limited. The object of the present study was to determine the clinical and radiological outcomes for patients who underwent ACDF using a zero-profile integrated plate and spacer device, with a focus on the course of postoperative prevertebral soft-tissue thickness and the incidence of dysphagia.

Methods

Using a surgical database, the authors conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who had undergone ACDF between August 2008 and October 2011. All patients received a Zero-P implant (DePuy Synthes Spine). The Neck Disability Index (NDI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for arm and neck pain were documented. Dysphagia was determined using the Bazaz criteria. Prevertebral soft-tissue thickness, spinal alignment, and subsidence were assessed as well.

Results

Twenty-two male and 19 female consecutive patients, with a mean age of 58.4 ± 14.68, underwent ACDF (66 total operated levels) in the defined study period. The mean clinical follow-up in 36 patients was 18.6 ± 9.93 months. Radiological outcome in 37 patients was assessed at a mean follow-up of 9.76 months (range 7.2–19.7 months). There were significant improvements in neck and arm VAS scores and the NDI following surgery. The neck VAS score improved from a median of 6 (range 0–10) to 0 (range 0–8; p < 0.001). The arm VAS score improved from a median of 2 (range 0–10) to 0 (range 0–7; p = 0.006). Immediate postoperative dysphagia was experienced by 58.4% of all patients. Complete resolution was demonstrated in 87.8% of affected patients at the latest follow-up. The overall median Bazaz score decreased from 1 (range 0–3) immediately postoperatively to 0 (range 0–2; p < 0.001) at the latest follow-up. Prevertebral soft-tissue thickness significantly decreased across all levels from a mean of 15.8 ± 4.38 mm to 10.1 ± 2.93 mm. Postoperative lordosis was maintained at the latest follow-up. Mean subsidence from the immediate postoperative to the latest follow-up was 4.1 ± 4.7 mm (p < 0.001). Radiographic fusion was achieved in 92.6% of implants. No correlation was found between prevertebral soft-tissue thickness and Bazaz dysphagia score.

Conclusions

A zero-profile integrated plate and spacer device for ACDF surgery produces clinical and radiological outcomes that are comparable to those for nonintegrated plate and spacer constructs. Chronic dysphagia rates are comparable to or better than those for previously published case series.
Endoscopic supraorbital eyebrow approach for the surgical treatment of extraaxialand intraaxial tumors
Authors: Gazzeri Roberto , Nishiyama Yuya , Ph.D.  , Teo Charles
Published: October 2014

Object

The supraorbital eyebrow approach is a minimally invasive technique that offers wide access to the anterior skull base region and parasellar area through asubfrontal corridor. The use of neuroendoscopy allows one to extend the approach further to the pituitary fossa, the anterior third ventricle, the interpeduncular cistern, the anterior and medial temporal lobe, and the middle fossa. The supraorbital approach involves a limited skin incision, with minimal soft-tissue dissection and a small craniotomy, thus carrying relatively low approach-related morbidity.

Methods

All consecutive patients who underwent the endoscopic supraorbital eyebrow approach were retrospectively analyzed for lesion location, pathology, length of stay, complications, and cosmetic results.

Results

During a 56-month period, 97 patients (mean age 58.5 years) underwent an endoscopic eyebrow approach to resect extra- and intraaxial brain lesions. The most common pathologies treated were meningiomas (n = 41); craniopharyngiomas (n = 22); dermoid tumors (n = 7); metastases (n = 4); gliomas (n = 3); and other miscellaneous frontal, parasellar, and midbrain (n = 23) lesions. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 2.7 days (range 1–8 days). In 82 patients a total removal of the lesion was performed, while in 15 patients a near-total or subtotal removal was achieved. There were no postoperative hematomas, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, or severe neurological deficits, with the exception of 2 cases of visual deterioration and 1 case each of meningitis, stroke, and third cranial nerve paresis. Other complications directly related to the approach included 2 cases of skin burn as a direct result of heat transmission from the microscope light, 1 case of right frontal palsy, 2 cases of frontal numbness, and 1 case of bone remodeling 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions

The endoscopic supraorbital eyebrow approach is a safe and effective minimally invasive approach to remove extra- and intraaxial anterior skull base, parasellar, and frontal lesions, promoting a rapid recovery and short hospital stay. The location of the eyebrow incision demands a meticulous cosmetic closure, but, with proper technique, cosmetic results are excellent.
Septal transposition: a novel technique for preservation of the nasal septum during endoscopic endonasal resection of olfactory groove meningiomas
Authors: Rosen Marc R. , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Farrell Christopher J. , Schaberg Madeleine R. , M.P.H.  , Evans James J.
Published: October 2014

Endonasal resection of olfactory groove meningiomas allows for several advantages over transcranial routes, including a direct approach to the bilateral anterior cranial base and dura mater, early tumor devascularization, and avoidance of brain retraction. Although considered minimally invasive, the endoscopicapproach to the cribriform plate typically requires resection of the superior nasal septum, resulting in a large superior septal perforation. The septal transposition technique improves preservation of sinonasal anatomy through the elimination of a septal perforation while allowing for wide exposure to the midline anterior cranial base and harvest of a nasal septal flap. Herein, the authors describe a 39-year-old female who presented with a progressively enlarging olfactory groove meningioma. An endoscopic endonasal resection with a septal transposition technique was performed. On follow-up, the nasal cavity had completely normal anatomy with preservation of the turbinatesand nasal septum.

The authors conclude that septal transposition is a useful technique that allows wide exposure of the anterior cranial base with maximal preservation of normal nasal anatomy and avoidance of a large septal perforation.