bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BRAILLE LITERACY LEVELS AMONG LEARNERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS IN KENYA
Authors: Wanja Serah , Murugami Margaret , Bunyasi Beatrice
Published: July 2021

Effective education ensures that students are able to fully participate and benefit from it, regardless of whether they have impairments or not. Good vision is important for students at all stages of learning as it helps them reach their academic potential. It is paramount that students with visual impairment are proficient in Braille so that they are not disadvantaged academically since Braille remains their main medium of communication. Previous studies have ventured into academic performance of learners with visual impairment, however, nothing much is known about their Braille proficiency level. Braille reading tests were administered to forty-seven class eight and form four students in special schools for learners with visual impairments to establish their Braille literacy level. Semi structured interviews were used to solicit more information from four head teachers and a questionnaire used for sixteen teachers in the schools under study. Data was analyzed qualitatively along the common themes identified. The results established that Braille literacy level among primary school children was rather low. However, the case was quite different among high school students. There was no uniformity in the way schools arranged to teach their students Braille. Braille literacy could be improved if strategies were set to teach children with visual impairment Braille and ensure that they were proficient in it.

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“Startup”: Bisnis Kuliner Rintisan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Pratiwi Aulya Ika
Published: July 2021

Pandemic of Covid-19 has impacted on almost all aspects of life, including the field of economic. This is due to a government policy to work from home (WFH) and to study from home which causes changes in people's daily routines. One of the activities that generate money in the midst of the pandemic of Covid-19 is by starting an online culinary business that is intertwined with government policies related to preventing the transmission of Covid-19.
This research was conducted in the city of Makassar, the capital city of South Sulawesi, as one of the areas with the highest rate of cases infected by Covid-19, and as a city known for its culinary. There were ten informants who participated in this study, who are varied on the basis of age (between 21 and 23 years), sex (eight women and two men), status (seven of whom were college students, two fresh graduates and an entrepreneur), position (owners, managers, employees).
How they manage this startup culinary business is depended on the management and this is the key to running it. There are four aspects deals with this management, namely the marketing concept, the division of labor, the profit-sharing system, and how the time is divided between education, main work and the startup culinary business. To market their products in this startup culinary business, the strategies used include the use of technology, consistency of product quality (such as ingredients and taste)/services (such as attitudes towards consumers), and promotions to attract consumers (such as promotion of savings packages, Friday 'at blessing, free shipping, discounted prices, holding a give a way).
Strategi Bertahan Pengemudi Ojol di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Makassar
Authors: Damayanti Nur
Published: July 2021

The online motorcycle taxi application (ojol) has become one of the most widely used applications by the people of Indonesia. However, since the outbreak of Covid-19 in Indonesia, including Makassar, something has been "missing" from the applications, such as Gojek and Grab. At Gojek there is no longer a motorbike ordering menu (Goride); while in Grab, the GrabBike menu also disappeared. The menu disappeared as a result of government policies through the implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in order to break the chain of the spread of Covid-19. In order to continue to work in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, ojol drivers use various strategies. This article focuses on how the strategy of ojol drivers to survive during the Covid-19 pandemic.
 Using qualitative approach, this study was carried out in Makassar as a metropolitan city, as one of the cities where ojol transportation drivers operate, as well as the city with the highest number of Covid-19 cases. There are fifteen informants who participated in this study, consisting of eight Gojek drivers and the rest were Grab drivers. Data was collected using the combination of observation and in-depth interview techniques. The study shows that the income of ojol drivers has decreased drastically since the Covid-19 outbreak, as the consequence of government policies through the PSBB which limited people’s mobility, including ojol drivers. In order to survive, ojol drivers use various strategies, such as living in a state of frugality, taking additional work (such as selling food in offline system, being a construction worker, opening a small tavern, etc.).
When conditions gradually improve and the PSBB policy is relaxed, they can again work with the application of general health protocols (3M: wearing masks, washing hands, and maintaining distance) and the application of specific health protocols is also enforced (such as the use of plastic insulators for taxi drivers or passengers carrying their own helmets for motorcycle taxis), so that they can continue to work to make a living in the middle of pandemic Covid-19, even though the income is not yet fully recovered.
Strategi Generasi Millenial Bertahan Hidup Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ervic Manguma Varian Valiant
Published: July 2021

Selama masa pandemi virus Covid-19, banyak tantangan baru yang dialami oleh masyarakat  termasuk generasi millenial. Tantangan yang dimaksud seperti perubahan pada rutinitas yang signifikan, kesulitan berinteraksi, keuangan, manajemen energi dan adaptasi terhadap teknologi. Pola kehidupan baru perlu diterapkan oleh generasi millenial agar dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi saat ini dan siap menghadapi masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan cara menerapkan tiga macam strategi untuk bertahan hidup dalam mengatasi goncangan dan tekanan ekonomi yaitu menggunakan strategi aktif, strategi pasif, dan strategi jaringan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan  kota Makassar dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian   karena merupakan salah satu kota yang terindikasi rawan tinggi dalam konteks pandemi Covid-19, semakin tinggi pula kerentanan masyarakat yang ikut terdampak dalam hal ekonomi maupun kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Informan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari seseorang yang lahir dari antara tahun 1980 sampai 2000 atau yang disebut dengan generasi millenial, karena merupakan generasi yang paling membutuhkan strategi bertahan hidup dan dalam menghidupi keluarganya yang disebabkan oleh  pandemi Covid-19. Ada 10 informan yang terkategorikan sebagai generasi millenial yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan kisaran umur yaitu (antara 20 sampai 40 tahun), terdiri dari 7 perempuan dan 3 laki-laki, memiliki pekerjaan sebagai mahasiswa, wirausaha, ibu rumah tangga (IRT), dan vikaris.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa selama masa pandemi Covid-19, penyebaran Covid-19 yang semakin meluas menjadi  dampak bagi generasi millenial sehingga menyebabkan batasan ruang gerak yang membuat banyak aktivitas yang tergantikan serta mengubah perilaku generasi millenial menjadi lebih banyak dirumah. Segala perilaku yang lama sebelum masa pandemi Covid-19 sudah tidak relevan lagi untuk masa covid-19. Oleh sebab itu,  generasi millenial menyikapi tantangan masa pandemi dengan cepat beradaptasi pada keadaan, kritis dalam masalah dan kreatif atau mampu berkolaborasi agar mampu bertahan hidup melalui penerapan strategi aktif, strategi pasif, dan strategi jaringan. Strategi tersebut mampu membuat generasi millenial tetap bertahan hidup secara produktif dan mampu mengatasi jumlah pengeluaran dengan kebutuhan hidup yang besar selama masa pandemi Covid-19.
Improving the Efficiency by Novel Feature Extraction Technique Using Decision Tree Algorithm Comparing with SVM Classifier Algorithm for Predicting Heart Disease
Authors: Sameer S.K.L. , Sriramya P.
Published: July 2021

Aim: The objective of the research work is to use the two machine learning algorithms Decision Tree(DT) and Support vector machine(SVM) for detection of heart disease on earlier stages and give more accurate prediction. Materials and methods: Prediction of heart disease is performed using two machine learning classifier algorithms namely, Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine methods. Decision tree is the predictive modeling approach used in machine learning, it is a type of supervised machine learning. Support-vector machines are directed learning models with related learning calculations that break down information for order and relapse investigation. The significance value for calculating Accuracy was found to be 0.005. Result and discussion: During the process of testing 10 iterations have been taken for each of the classification algorithms respectively. The experimental results shows that the decision tree algorithm with mean accuracy of 80.257% is compared with the SVM classifier algorithm of mean accuracy 75.337% Conclusion: Based on the results achieved the Decision Tree classification algorithm better prediction of heart disease than the SVM classifier algorithm.
Idiopathic Facial Nerve Paralysis & Response to Physiotherapy in Pregnant Woman; A Case Report
Authors: Wajida Perveen  , Muhammad Akhtar  , Riaz Hashmi  , Misbah Amanat Ali  , Sahreen Anwar  , Ayesha Ghani
Published: July 2021

Facial nerve palsy is a common condition affecting both genders and all age group. However, its incidence in pregnant females needs greater care. It may affect only lower half of the face or full one side of the face or in extreme condition bilateral sides. Symptoms include deviation of angle of mouth towards sound side, flattening of nasolabial folds, loss of forehead wrinkles and inability to completely close the eyelid along with loss of taste on anterior two third of tongue. Here we present a rare case report of facial nerve palsy in a pregnant woman in third trimester of pregnancy. She was offered an evidence based physiotherapy treatment regime along with pharmacological treatment and she recovered; however late complication of “Ptosis” was reported.
“Stuck at Home”: Empowering Homebound Older Adults
Authors: Kelling Anna , Lee Hee Soon
Published: July 2021

Homebound older adults are a highly vulnerable and isolated population that social workers serve. The objective of this study is to understand the daily needs and challenges of this group to understand how social workers can empower this population to enhance well-being and help meet basic human needs. Existing data was accessed from assessment forms at a local senior center to understand more about 502 home-delivered meal recipients.  Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed to see common characteristics and prevalent needs in the sample. Logistic regression analysis reveals that those who are living alone are 2.1 times more live-in poverty than those who live with someone. Likewise, those who are living alone are 8.4 times more at high nutritional risk than those who live with someone. Qualitative data revealed the importance of agency services and strong social supports to help older adults meet basic human needs on a daily basis. This article discusses what further can be done to support homebound older adults by identifying problem areas relating to living and eating alone.
The Relationship between informational outlets and understanding: An exploration of political knowledge among Generation Z
Authors: Rupp Alex , Gitto Patricia , McGrann Katlyn
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect different media outlets have on Generation Z’s politicalknowledge in New York. Through a purposive sample, the political knowledge of 484 high school and college-agedstudents was tested using a Google Survey. The researcher conducted this research using a correlational studyresearch design. Each respondent was asked to complete a survey of 16 questions, 12 of those questions testingpolitical knowledge. The researcher calculated the correlations between the average percent correct for all mediaoutlets and the average percent correct for respondents who claimed they acquired their political information fromeach media outlet (social media, newspaper, radio, locally televised news and nationally televised news). Not everyage group in Generation Z was tested, due to the fact that many members of Generation Z are too young to completethe survey. Additional research that goes into more detail about which specific platform within each media outletleads to higher political knowledge scores, could help provide a greater understanding on how different mediaoutlets affect Generation Z’s political knowledge.
Divine Winds and Human Waves: The Kamikaze’s rise over the Course of Japanese History
Authors: Su ShaoYuan , Wilson Andrew R.
Published: July 2021

Japan's World War II Kamikaze-attack strategy has become common knowledge to almost all Americans, with many sharing a preconception of fanatical and desperate Japanese pilots willfully crashing into American ships; however, this essay will demonstrate that the progression to suicidal aircraft attacks evolved gradually over the course of Japanese history. The roots of Kamikaze extend as far back as the Mongol Invasions of Japan, and it rose to prominence first during the Meiji Restoration and then with Nogi's actions during the Russo-Japanese war. This paper will trace the progression of Kamikaze throughout Japanese history to explain how a sequence of events, some directed by chance and others directed by commanders, culminated in Japan’s purpose-built, manned flying bombs that emerge in the Second World War. Understanding the historical context of Kamikaze and its logical evolution over time will help dispel the commonly held preconception of the singularly devoted but maniacally deranged Japanese soldier.
Combating Algae Blooms
Authors: Talley Ethan , Holden Whitney
Published: July 2021

Microcystis aeruginosa is a common freshwater cyanobacterium that can form toxic algal blooms that harm other species and the environment. This project studied the effects of the antimicrobial peptide Cecropin A on the growth of M. aeruginosa to assess Cecropin A’s effectiveness as a tool to combat algal blooms and limit their environmental impacts. In this study, different concentrations of Cecropin A were tested on M. aeruginosa, the growth of which was then measured using a plate count. Each concentration of Cecropin A tested resulted in a significant decrease in M. aeruginosa growth compared to the control group, indicating the effectiveness of this peptide at inhibiting M. aeruginosa. Because Cecropin A is a peptide, bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce it for anti-algal applications. This study also analyzed the effects of Cecropin A on the non-pathogenic E. coli K12 in order to study development of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and determine its feasibility for anti-algal applications such as producing or distributing Cecropin A. The effects of Cecropin A were tested on successive generations to determine if this strain of bacterium can build up a resistance to Cecropin A that would make it a suitable candidate to produce large quantities of this peptide. The results over three 24-hour periods of exposure to Cecropin A seem to indicate a development of resistance to Cecropin A by E. coli K12, suggesting that this bacterium may be suitable for production and/or distribution of Cecropin A for anti-bloom control efforts.
How can the Fourier Transform be Used in Radio Astronomy to Perform Spectral Analysis of Pulsars
Authors: Kumar Pranesh , Western Arthur
Published: July 2021

The analysis of pulsars is a complicated procedure due to the influence of background radio waves. Special radio telescopes designed to detect pulsar signals have to employ many techniques to reconstruct interstellar signals and determine if they originated from a pulsating radio source. The Discrete Fourier Transform on its own has allowed astronomers to perform basic spectral analysis of potential pulsar signals. However, Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) makes the process of detecting and analyzing pulsars extremely difficult. This has forced astronomers to be creative in identifying and determining the specific characteristics of these unique rotating neutron stars.

Astrophysicists have utilized algorithms such as the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to predict the spin period and harmonic frequencies of pulsars. However, FFT-based searches cannot be utilized alone because low-frequency pulsar signals go undetected in the presence of background radio noise. Astrophysicists must stack up pulses using the Fast Folding Algorithm (FFA) and utilize the coherent dedispersion technique to improve FFT sensitivity.

The following research paper will discuss how the Discrete Fourier Transform is a useful technique for detecting radio signals and determining the pulsar frequency. It will also discuss how dedispersion and the pulsar frequency are critical for predicting multiple characteristics of pulsars and correcting the influence of the Interstellar Medium (ISM).
PERAN POLITIK DAN KEBIJAKAN TERHADAP MUTU AKREDITASI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Paradis Amal , Sukarno Sukarno , El Widdah Minna
Published: July 2021

Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia memang begitu dilematis. Artinya di satu sisi, tuntutan untuk meningkatkan mutu dan kualitas agar dapat bersaing dengan lembaga pendidikan umum, di sisi lain perhatian dari pemerintah terhadap lembaga pendidikan Islam masih rendah bahkan masih ditempatkan bukan sebagai kelas utama melainkan sebagai kelas kedua. Akreditasi lembaga pendidikan islam adalah suatu proses penilaian kualitas madrasah, baik madrasah negri maupun swasta dengan menggunakan kriteria baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah atau lembaga akreditasi. Penyelenggaraan akreditasi madrasah merupakan kebutuhan bersama, baik pemerintah, masyarakat, maupun bagi lembaga pendidkan itu sendiri.Peningkatan kualitas lembaga pendidikan Islam merupakan keharusan yang perlu segera direalisasikan, mulai dari input, proses dan output atau lulusan dari lembaga pendidikan Islam.
MANAJEMEN KELAS DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DI MI NURUL HIDAYAH KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Nikmatussaidah Nikmatussaidah
Published: July 2021

Guru harus melalui tahap-tahap pembelajaran dalam melaksanakan startegi belajar pembelajaran. proses pembelajaran harus melalui tiga tahap, yaitu: ”Tahap pra intruksional yaitu persiapan sebelum mengajar dimulai, Tahap intruksional, yaitu saat mengajar dan manajemen kelas dan tahap evaluasi yaitu penilaian hasil belajar. Sejak awal guru harus mampu berperan sebagai pelaku manajemen kelas, sekaligus sebagai evaluator dalam proses. Efektifitas dan mutu dalam proses pembelajaran haruslah mencapai tujuan pendidikan sebagaimana yang ditetapkan. Hal ini sudah barang tentu akan menimbulkan masalah dalam proses pendidikan secara umum maupun dalam proses pembelajaran secara khusus di kelas. Kelas yang kondusif bisa membuat siswa berminat dalam belajar
Perceptions of Parenting Behavior by Adolescents: The Development of the Malaysian Parenting Behavior Inventory
Authors: Zulkefly Nor Sheereen , Barra Sharisse May Mate , Yahya Amira Najiha , Baharudin Rozumah
Published: July 2021

We conducted a study with the aims of examining adolescents’ perceptions of their mother’s and father’s parenting behavior and developing a new Malaysian Parenting Behavior Inventory (MPBI). In Phase One, we recruited 903 adolescents using the proportionate to size sampling technique. The results of the exploratory factor analyses of the MPBI Mother and Father scales revealed four underlying factor structures: Warmth, Monitoring, and Harsh Discipline were somewhat similar to those in past findings and theory, and Indigenous centered on religious and cultural values in parenting. In Phase Two, using an independent sample of adolescents, we replicated the factor structure of Study One with confirmatory factor analysis, resulting in strong model fit estimates. We conclude that the MPBI has good initial psychometric properties and is culturally influenced. The MPBI may be useful for prevention and intervention programs in clinical and non-clinical settings, including providing valuable information on factors pertinent to parent-adolescent interactions.
Investigating Agropreneurial Intention among Students in Higher Learning Institution using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Dato Musa Siti Fatimahwati Pehin , Pg Hj Idris Dk Siti Rozaidah , Mohamed Haris Nur Bahiah
Published: July 2021

This study uses the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to determine the factors influencing the intention of agriculture students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) to be involved in agribusiness. To meet the aim of this study, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held among students from the Faculty of Agriculture, UPM. This method of qualitative data collection was utilized in order to gain an in-depth understanding of youth participation rates within the agriculture sector in Malaysia. A total of 20 students from UPM were involved in this study, most have had some amount of experience in entrepreneurship either formally or informally. Apart from personal factors and social norms, this study found that institutional factors, more specifically the way in which agricultural studies programs are set up, play an imperative role in influencing agropreneurial intention among students. A well-rounded, quality agropreneurship education that goes beyond theory-based learning, can in different ways positively influence the other determinants of agropreneurial intention thereby increasing agropreneurial intention. Efforts should be intensified to align agriculture education and training. Beyond trade-based learning, it should also focus on providing knowledge, technical skills, and attributes that young farmers need for their agropreneurship careers. At the tertiary level, learning should be multidisciplinary so that students can grasp and incorporate concepts pertaining to, for example, food sciences, risk management, or data analytics - that can help them be dynamic in navigating the growth of their agribusiness and potential pitfalls.
Research and Practice of English Teaching Reform in Higher Vocational Colleges from the Perspective of Ideological and Political Theories teaching in all courses
Authors: Feng Lan
Published: July 2021

Under the background of the continuous improvement of education level, the continuous improvement of education system and the implementation of Ideological and Political Theories teaching in all courses, the related problems of English teaching reform in higher vocational colleges have gradually attracted people’s attention. There is no doubt that the fundamental purpose of education is to promote the all-round development of students, whether “virtue” or “intelligence “, need to carry out education reasonably. The course of ideological and political education is based on the cultivation of morality and the whole course of education, which requires the combination of ideological and political elements and specific subjects, so as to continuously optimize the educational system. The English subject in higher vocational colleges should be integrated with the course politics elements on the basis of giving full play to the original curriculum characteristics, and then better realize the educational goal. Therefore, this paper analyzes the related problems, hoping to be beneficial to reality.
Exploration of the Online Teaching Method of English Production and Education Integration Based on Big Data
Authors: Li Pinyi , Li Meng
Published: July 2021

In the context of my country’s sustained economic development, big data has also been developed to a certain extent, and has now become an issue of great concern to all industries. In the field of education, English is a very important subject. It carries out the entire study life of students. In order to cultivate English professionals, broaden students’ horizons, and achieve integration of production and education, it is necessary to draw lessons from big data. As a basis, online teaching methods are implemented in the process of English teaching to improve student learning efficiency and better realize the integration of production and education. Based on this, this article analyzes the online teaching of English production and education integration based on big data, hoping to provide a certain degree of reference for the research of latecomers.
STRUCTURAL MODEL OF SPIRITUALITY AS A PHILOSOPHICAL PHENOMENON
Authors:   Master  student,  Karakalpak State University  after named Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan, Pirnazarov Nurnazar
Published: July 2021

The issues of the development and formation of the spirituality of the individual in the conditions of the current social crisis do not lose their relevance. Currently, the development of philosophical tools and specific recommendations for the formation of the spirituality of a particular person are becoming more and more in demand. The article deals with the structural model of the philosophical phenomenon of spirituality. In modern psychological and pedagogical literature, spirituality has not yet acquired the status of an established philosophical construct as an independent phenomenon. Based on the analysis of the views of researchers studying spirituality, the author includes the following content characteristics in its structure: moral values, moral qualities, attitude towards people, self-perception and attitude, spiritual abilities, self-development, self-regulation and volitional control. The study presents the characteristics of each component and the rationale for their philosophical significance in the structure of spirituality. Further study and analysis of the identified structural components of the spirituality model will make it possible to develop a diagnostic technique for studying the formation of the meaningful aspects of spirituality.
Abai About the Whole Man: Unity of Truth, Goodness and Beauty
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Religious Studies СS MES RK (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Solovieva Greta
Published: July 2021

Kazakh philosophy, being ethics, aesthetics and at the same time metaphysics, fulfills a great mission: to be a teaching about a beautiful and righteous life. Expressing the spirit of Kazakh culture, Abai Kunanbayev creates at the same time a new value paradigm that determined the life and fate of his native people. The brilliant thinker connects the transformed East and the rethought West, a thinking heart and a conscientious mind under the leadership of Faith. From these positions, he reveals the essence of the philosophy of the “whole person”: overcoming ignorance, laziness, greed, envy, mastering knowledge, understanding work as a condition of full life, developing the ability to think, do good and contemplate beauty. This is the path of the Kazakh people into the space of world history, where they will become an example for other peoples in comprehending the spiritual meanings of life and affirming high moral values.
Street Tree Inventory of Campinas, Brazil: An Instrument for Urban Forestry Management and Planning
Authors: André Alvarez Ivan , Cristina Gallo Bruna , Aparecida Monteiro Garçon Edlene , Tadatomo Oshiro Osvaldo
Published: July 2021

Campinas Metropolitan Region is the third richest city in Brazil. This study assesses the urban street trees of Campinas based on data from a survey performed using satellite images in the year 2011. All public domain trees in the street system were counted and separated into trees, shrubs, palm trees, and seedlings. The density of trees was obtained using the images census and expressed as trees per linear kilometer for the perimeter of the block. The number of trees per linear kilometer was grouped into nine classes of different densities for data validation. The final number of trees was estimated based on the validation’s results. The Gini coefficient shows that the number of trees per person is very irregular in city neighborhoods (i.e., Campinas has a fairer income distribution than street trees distribution). There is a lower density of trees in the downtown area, due to the high concentration of population, and in more peripheral neighborhoods, due to the lack of design planning. The results obtained here may be used to support a new setting of local priorities for planting actions aimed at urban forestry management.
Development and Assessment of Ash Mortality Models in Relation to Emerald Ash Borer Infestation
Authors: Clark Rachel , Boyes Kayla , Morgan Lori , Storer Andrew , Marshall Jordan
Published: July 2021

Emerald ash borer is a pest of North American ash that has caused significant mortality within its introduced range. The timeline for tree mortality, once infested by emerald ash borer, is variable for individual trees, with a small proportion surviving infestation. Using tree health assessments and signs of emerald ash borer infestation, researchers developed decision models to predict the probability of mortality. Two resulting models performed well at correctly predicting mortality (>83% correct) and significantly separating probability of mortality for those trees. Both models used diameter at breast height (DBH) and presence of bark splits, with one including percent crown dieback and the other including vigor rating (overall tree health assessment). A third model had reduced correct prediction of mortality, but was still potentially an effective model. Other tested models had shortcomings in prediction of mortality or in separation of probabilities of mortality. Using variables from three potential decision models, the year of mortality was modeled. However, specific year prediction was not as effective. Because of a wide range of external factors, prediction of a specific year of mortality may not be appropriate. Using DBH and rapid health and infestation assessment data, the authors were able to correctly predict ash mortality within a three-year period for the majority of trees within this study. Management strategies that use these models for developing hierarchical removal programs for infested ash may distribute financial and environmental costs over multiple years as opposed to mass removal of street and park trees.
Simple Street Tree Sampling
Authors: Nowak David , Walton Jeffrey , Baldwin James , Bond Jerry
Published: July 2021

Information on street trees is critical for management of this important resource. Sampling of street tree populations provides an efficient means to obtain street tree population information. Long-term repeat measures of street tree samples supply additional information on street tree changes and can be used to report damages from catastrophic events. Analyses of several street tree populations reveal that a 2%–3% sample of block segments with known length within a city will likely produce estimates on the total number of trees with a standard error around 10% of the total population estimate (relative standard error of 10%). Ratio estimates of number trees per length of street sampled reduced the number of block segments needed to attain a 10% relative standard error. Communities with a small tree population, or analyses of specific subsets of the population (e.g., individual species information), will likely need a higher proportion of block segments sampled to attain the same relative precision. This paper presents a simple means to sample street tree populations to aid in street tree management and presents information on how many block segments need to be sampled to achieve a desired sampling precision. Results can be used to develop simple, cost-efficient, and accurate means to sample street tree populations.
Cytokinin Phytohormonal Effects on Crown Structure
Authors: Autio Alisha , Day Michael
Published: July 2021

This literature review explores the relevance of cytokinins to tree canopy form, integrating scientific research with current and potential applications to tree care methods. Current and most popular tree care methods call for growers to physically alter the shape of a tree by staking, pruning, and pinching, which can be time-consuming and expensive. Application of phytohormones (also known as plant growth regulators, PGRs) can provide ornamental growers and arborists with alternative methods to manipulate tree crown characteristics. Following a digest of the science of cytokinin activity, the review investigates the current and potential uses of phytohormones as a cost-effective, alternative method of manipulating tree shape. It discusses how the different forms of cytokinin PGRs, acting alone and in concert with other PGRs, can be used, what they can be used for, methods of application, and timing of applications within the phenological cycles of trees. By integrating current basic and applied literature, the review seeks to summarize understanding of cytokinin regulation of crown structure, while exploring potential applications in the tree care industry.
Effect of Container Type and Root Pruning on Growth and Anchorage After Planting Acer rubrum L. into Landscape Soil
Authors: Gilman Edward , Paz Maria , Harchick Chris
Published: July 2021

Acer rubrum L. ‘Florida Flame’ were grown in #3 containers of eight types, then shifted to #15 containers, then finally into #45 containers. Half the trees were root pruned by removing periphery 3 cm of root ball at each shift to larger containers. In addition to and simultaneous with being shifted into successively larger containers, some trees from each container size were planted directly into soil. Type of container and root pruning had no impact on trunk diameter, tree height, or root cross-sectional area on trees planted into soil from any container size. Type of container influenced architecture of planted root systems evaluated when all trees were five-years-old with limited impact on anchorage. Container type only impacted anchorage of trees planted from #45 containers, and impact was small. In contrast, shaving root balls during production substantially reduced imprint left by all containers evaluated when trees were five-years-old. Shaving during production also improved anchorage by 20%–25% compared to not root pruning. More roots grew on north than the south side of tree in the nursery and landscape. Bending stress increased with trunk angle and its square while winching trunks to five degrees tilt.
Preliminary Evaluation of Electrical Resistance Tomography for Imaging Palm Trunks
Authors: Elliott Monica , Broschat Timothy , Göcke Lothar
Published: July 2021

In a preliminary study, electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was used to obtain trunk images of Syagrus romanzoffiana, a common ornamental palm grown in southern Florida, U.S. Seven palms, four healthy and three diseased, were evaluated in the middle of the dry season, with four located in an irrigated site and three in a non-irrigated site. Two healthy and three diseased palms were felled and cross sections obtained to examine their internal structure and compare to the tomograms obtained. ERT was effective in illustrating the relative electrical resistance value of healthy palms, as the tomograms obtained for palms situated in the irrigated site (low electrical resistivity) were distinctly different from the tomograms of palms situated in the non-irrigated site (high electrical resistivity). ERT was also effective in visualizing internal palm trunk areas affected by the fungal pathogens Ganoderma zonatum, a wood decay pathogen, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum, a vascular wilt pathogen, as these areas had a low electrical resistivity.
Carbon Uptake and Air Pollution Mitigation of Different Evergreen Shrub Species
Authors: Mori Jacopo , Fini Alessio , Burchi Gianluca , Ferrini Francesco
Published: July 2021

Three independent experiments assessed CO2 assimilation and metals leaf deposition of seven evergreen shrub species (Arbutus unedo L., Elaeagnus × ebbingei L., Laurus nobilis L., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Photinia × fraseri Dress., Viburnum tinus subsp. lucidum L., and Viburnum tinus subsp. tinus L.). CO2 assimilation and carbon allocation were determined in 2011 (Exp. 1) under optimal water availability and in 2012 (Exp. 2) under drought on potted plants. A third experiment (Exp. 3) measured seasonal leaf depositions of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in 2011 on plants transplanted in proximity of a four-lane road. E. × ebbingei showed the highest CO2 assimilation under optimal water availability but one of the lowest under drought (Exp. 1, 2). Conversely, P. × fraseri had intermediate CO2 assimilation but it declined less during drought compared to the other species. In Experiment 3, E. × ebbingei showed the highest metal deposition, mainly due to its greater leaf area. Greater rainfall and RH% decreased metal depositions, whilst greater wind velocity and air temperature increased leaf depositions. Species which drastically reduce CO2 assimilation under drought (V. tinus subsp. lucidum, L. japonicum, E. × ebbingei) are not recommended in droughtprone environments, where drought-tolerant “mesic” species (P. × fraseri), should be preferred. E. × ebbingei could be used to optimize deposition of metals. The three experiments provide useful insights especially about CO2 assimilation (Exp. 1, 2) and air pollution mitigation (Exp. 3) of widely used shrubs for application in urban areas and planning of roadside greening in southern Europe.
The Cost of Not Maintaining Trees: Findings and Recommendations from an International Symposium and Summit
Authors: Koeser Andrew , Vogt Jess , Hauer Richard , Northrop Robert , Peterson Ward
Published: July 2021

Urban trees are both an asset and a cost to municipalities. Past research has focused largely on the asset—quantifying and valuing the social, economic, and environmental benefits provided by trees in urban areas. Relatively fewer studies have focused on defining the appropriate level of tree care (costs or inputs) for efficiently maintaining tree health and structural integrity, and potential resulting liabilities. On 18–20 March 2015, the International Society of Arboriculture assembled a panel of research and industry experts for a research symposium and summit titled, The Costs of Not Maintaining Trees. In the weeks leading up to the summit, the Delphi technique was initiated to help build consensus on key research questions related to the economics of trees and their care. After three iterations of questions and discussion, the panel identified 14 research topics that were deemed “very important” or “important” by at least 12 of the 14 expert panelists (80% being a commonly used threshold for consensus). Results of this work are intended to help focus future research and funding efforts in arboriculture and urban forestry.
Review on the Use of Remote Sensing for Urban Forest Monitoring
Authors: Shojanoori Razieh , Shafri Helmi
Published: July 2021

Urban forests are vital in urban areas because they clean the air, absorb water, and protect the environment from intense heat. Destruction of the urban forest by increased urbanization is a considerable threat to the ecosystem. Hence, urban planners must obtain and manage information about urban forests, but the complexity of urban areas has made these tasks difficult. With developments in remote-sensing technologies, the monitoring and detection of urban forests can be achieved without performing any field measurements. In this study, different remote-sensing imageries and various methods are evaluated to obtain urban forest information. This review demonstrates that very high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery, such as from WorldView-2, is the most efficient data that can be used to obtain urban forest information. The use of the combination of LiDAR data with VHR imagery increases the accuracy of information, particularly about tree crown delineation. Traditional pixel-based classification methods are not effectively applicable to obtain urban tree information because of significant spectral variability in urban areas. An object-based classification technique, which uses spatial, textural, and color information, can be a potential method to detect urban forest and tree species discrimination. The new VHR imaging method, which uses the object-based technique, is recommended to overcome limitations of collecting urban forest information.
EL MATRIMONIO COMO UNA PRÁCTICA ASCÉTICA PARA PAREJAS DEL MISMO Y DISTINTO SEXO. ARGUMENTO DEL RITO EPISCOPALIANO ESTADOUNIDENSE. ¿MODELO PARA LA IGLESIA CATÓLICA?
Authors: Rogers, Jr. Eugene F.
Published: July 2021

Presento un argumento a partir del rito para las parejas de distinto sexo, explicando por qué el rito tradicional debería extenderse también a las parejas del mismo sexo. Es un argumento de la forma lex orandi lex credendi: la regla de la liturgia o de la oración pública es la regla de la fe. Aunque el rito es episcopaliano y no católico, espero que este argumento ayude a católicos a discernir a favor del matrimonio para personas del mismo sexo. La versión española de estas ideas viene de una conferencia en la Universidad Católica Lumen Gentium.
Think tanks y la diplomacia académica de la Fundación Ford en Argentina (1975-1983)
Authors: Mitchell Peter
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza desde una perspectiva socio-histórica el papel que jugó la Fundación Ford en la promoción, financiación y exportación del modelo think tank a la Argentina entre los años 1975 y 1983, examinando en particular la relación que existió entre la Fundación y los investigadores de dos centros académicos argentinos fundados en 1975: el Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES) y el Centro de Investigaciones Sociales sobre el Estado y la Administración (CISEA). A través de un análisis de la red de centros académicos privados hilada y financiada por la Fundación Ford en Argentina durante estos años, propone examinar el papel de los oficiales de la Fundación como "diplomáticos académicos" para la internacionalización de las ciencias políticas argentinas y como agentes exportadores del modelo think tank al país. Asimismo, interpreta y analiza las repercusiones de las acciones de diplomacia académica y de la financiación de la Fundación en la adquisición del papel de think tanks por parte de los centros de estudios CEDES y CISEA durante la reconstrucción del Estado democrático argentino.
proceso de institucionalización de la internacionalización en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo).
Authors: Bayle Paola , Navarro Juan José
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo, sobre la base de una perspectiva histórica-estructural de raíz latinoamericana y la sociología reflexiva bourdiana, aborda el proceso de institucionalización de la internacionalización en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo). Nos centramos en una de las políticas principales del área -la movilidad académica internacional- a través del Programa de Movilidad Docente de esta universidad que, desde 2015, manifestó un crecimiento inusitado. Con este objeto determinado, intentamos delinear los mecanismos establecidos por la UNCuyo para la internacionalización y construir perfiles de docentes que acceden a las becas en vinculación con prácticas institucionales y evaluativas diferenciadas. Del mismo modo, intentamos conectar la elección de los destinos de movilidad en función de los capitales y habitus de docentes.

Basado en un fuerte análisis documental, que implicó la búsqueda de fuentes secundarias y fuentes documentales primarias (resoluciones, ordenanzas, Planes estratégicos, memorias de gestión, Actas de selección de concursos de becas, etc.), junto a un acceso de tipo cualitativo (entrevistas en profundidad a informantes claves como las/os responsables institucionales y de gestión de los programas de movilidad de la UNCuyo). Asimismo, se completó metodológicamente con observación participante en instancias de evaluación de postulaciones a becas de movilidad (tanto de docentes como de estudiantes).
Aportes para la comprensión interseccional de las subjetividades masculinas
Authors: Espinosa Martínez Sebastián Isidro
Published: July 2021

En este artículo presento algunas de las principales reflexiones teórico-políticas de Mara Viveros Vigoya en torno a sus estudios sobre masculinidades en Colombia. Primero, describo los marcos teóricos y metodológicos utilizados por Viveros Vigoya en sus trabajos realizados entre 1995 y 2002, teniendo como referencia fundamental el libro: Quebradores y Cumplidores: sobre hombres, masculinidades y relaciones de género en Colombia de 2002. Segundo, establezco algunos de los desplazamientos teóricos, nuevas reflexiones y críticas utilizando como referencia central el libro: Les Coulers de la masculinité de 2018, que agrupa gran parte de sus trabajos sobre masculinidades desde 2002 hasta la actualidad. De esta forma, deseo mostrar la manera en que Mara Viveros Vigoya posiciona los estudios sobre masculinidades en Colombia, no solo siendo precursora del campo, sino construyendo a lo largo de más de 20 años una sólida reflexión feminista desde la mirada interseccional y nuestra-americana del género y la raza. Esto con la finalidad de evidenciar la importancia de estudiar las subjetividades masculinidades para la comprensión de movimientos sociales en Colombia.
Vehicle Accident Location Detection Using IoT
Authors: Suresh Y , Kumar K Pavan , Ayyappa Yalanati
Published: July 2021

Speed is one of the basic reasons for vehicle accident. Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and reach in time. Nowadays, GPS has become an integral part of a vehicle system. This paper proposes to utilize the capability of a sensor which will detect the accident and GPS collects the coordinates sends an alert message using GSM module along with accident location. This will help to reach the rescue service in time and save the valuable human life.
PALATALIZAÇÃO DAS OCLUSIVAS ALVEOLARES /D/ E /T/ NO PORTUGUÊS FALADO EM GARANHUNS – PE
Authors: Beatriz Kermelly Lima , Oliveira Fernando Augusto de Lima
Published: July 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como finalidade analisar o processo da palatalização das oclusivas alveolares /d/ e /t/ diante da vogal alta [i] na comunidade de fala de Garanhuns-PE, analisando quais condicionantes linguísticos e extralinguísticos favorecem a ocorrência da palatalização. Nosso estudo está embasado na perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Teoria da Variação Linguística, constituída por Labov (2008 [1972]), como também em discussões relacionadas à fonética e à fonologia (Cf. HORA, 1990; MOTA e ROLEMBERG, 1997; HENRIQUE e HORA, 2012; SOUZA NETO, 2014; OLIVEIRA, 2017), acerca da variante em estudo. Para isso, utilizamos o programa computacional Goldvarb X (2005), com o intuito de obter termos percentuais e estatísticos. Com base nos dados fornecidos pelo software, ficou patente que a ocorrência da variante não palatalizada se mostrou com maior frequência entre os falantes, enquanto que a variante palatalizada exibiu menor regularidade entre as ocorrências. Dentre os seis grupos de fatores analisados (sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, classe gramatical, grau de vozeamento da oclusiva e contexto fonológico posterior), cinco deles foram considerados significativos para a variante, sendo a variável faixa etária a mais relevante e o contexto fonológico posterior a menos significativa para o aparecimento do fenômeno palatalizado.  Dessa forma, defendemos que esta pesquisa quantitativa corrobora para o conhecimento e descrição do perfil sociolinguístico dos informantes de Garanhuns, localizada no Agreste Meridional Pernambucano.