bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting axisymmetric magnetic fields using gravity modes in intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Van Beeck J. , Prat V. , Van Reeth T. , Mathis S. , Bowman D. M. , Neiner C. , Aerts C.
Published: May 2020

Context.Angular momentum (AM) transport models of stellar interiors require improvements to explain the strong extraction of AM from stellar cores that is observed with asteroseismology. One of the frequently invoked mediators of AM transport are internal magnetic fields, even though their properties, observational signatures, and influence on stellar evolution are largely unknown.

Aims.We study how a fossil, axisymmetric internal magnetic field affects period spacing patterns of dipolar gravity mode oscillations in main sequence stars with masses of 1.3, 2.0, and 3.0 M⊙. We assess the influence of fundamental stellar parameters on the magnitude of pulsation mode frequency shifts.

Methods.We computed dipolar gravity mode frequency shifts due to a fossil, axisymmetric poloidal–toroidal internal magnetic field for a grid of stellar evolution models, varying stellar fundamental parameters. Rigid rotation was taken into account using the traditional approximation of rotation, and the influence of the magnetic field was computed using a perturbative approach.

Results.We find magnetic signatures for dipolar gravity mode oscillations in terminal-age main sequence stars that are measurable for a near-core field strength larger than 105G. The predicted signatures differ appreciably from those due to rotation.

Conclusions.Our formalism demonstrates the potential for the future detection and characterization of strong fossil, axisymmetric internal magnetic fields in gravity-mode pulsators near the end of core-hydrogen burning fromKeplerphotometry, if such fields exist.
X-raying winds in distant quasars: The first high-redshift wind duty cycle
Authors: Bertola E. , Dadina M. , Cappi M. , Vignali C. , Chartas G. , De Marco B. , Lanzuisi G. , Giustini M. , Torresi E.
Published: May 2020

Aims. Theoretical models of wind-driven feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) often identify ultra-fast outflows as being the main agent in the generation of galaxy-sized outflows, which are possibly the main actors in establishing so-called AGN-galaxy co-evolution. Ultra-fast outflows are well characterized in local AGN but much less is known in quasars at the cosmic time when star formation and AGN activity peaked (z ≃ 1–3). It is therefore necessary to search for evidence of ultra-fast outflows in high-z sources to test wind-driven AGN feedback models.

Methods. Here we present a study of Q2237+030, the Einstein Cross, a quadruply-imaged radio-quiet lensed quasar located at z = 1.695. We performed a systematic and comprehensive temporally and spatially resolved X-ray spectral analysis of all the available Chandra and XMM-Newton data (as of September 2019).

Results. We find clear evidence for spectral variability, possibly due to absorption column density (or covering fraction) variability intrinsic to the source. For the first time in this quasar, we detect a fast X-ray wind outflowing at vout ≃ 0.1c that would be powerful enough (Ėkin ≃ 0.1 Lbol) to significantly affect the evolution of the host galaxy. We report also on the possible presence of an even faster component of the wind (vout ∼ 0.5c). For the first time in a high-z quasar, given the large sample and long time interval spanned by the analyzed X-ray data, we are able to roughly estimate the wind duty cycle as ≃0.46 (0.31) at 90% (95%) confidence level. Finally, we also confirm the presence of a Fe Kα emission line with variable energy, which we discuss in the light of microlensing effects as well as considering our findings on the source.
Development and production of Chinese large blast furnaces in 2019 compared with 2015–2016
Authors: Dai Bing , Long Hong-ming , Ji Yi-long , Liu Dai-wen , Qiu Jia-yong
Published: May 2020

By comparing the production indexes of large blast furnaces (BF) in China between the first half of 2019 and 2015–2016, the production status, reductant consumption, raw materials and operation conditions have been reviewed. In the first half of 2019, Chinese large BFs still had made a lot of achievements, but it is also discovered by comparison that not only the raw materials quality but also the large BFs stability have the trend of getting worse, so some work should be done to stop and recover the unfavorable situation. Based on that, the expectations of enhancing the raw materials quality and improving the operation conditions are suggested. Large BFs make great contributions to energy saving, low-carbon, high automatic, environmental protection and economic development, so there will be more large BFs constructed and put into production in China in the future.
Human toxocariasis and atopy
Authors: Magnaval Jean-François , Fillaux Judith , Cassaing Sophie , Valentin Alexis , Iriart Xavier , Berry Antoine
Published: May 2020

To assess the possible influence of atopy on the clinical picture of human toxocariasis, a retrospective study was carried out using file records for patients who attended the Outpatient Clinic of Parasitology in Toulouse University Hospitals. A total of 106 file records for patients who had been diagnosed with common/covert toxocariasis were extracted from the database. Forty-nine patients (20 females and 29 males) were considered atopic since they exhibited a long (≥ 1 year) history of various allergic issues along with a titer ≥ 0.7 kIU/L for specific IgE against at least two out of nine mixes of common inhalant allergens. Fifty-seven patients (42 females and 15 males) were designated nonatopic on the basis of a negative result (<0.35 kIU/L) of the test for specific IgE. Demographic (age and sex), clinical (20 signs or symptoms) and laboratory (blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein, serum total IgE, and specific anti-ToxocaraIgE) variables were investigated by bivariate analysis followed by multivariate regression analysis using “atopy” as the outcome variable. On the basis of our results, the clinical or laboratory picture of toxocaral disease was not affected by the presence of an atopic status.
De l’art dramatique à l’art de l’entrevue médicale : retour d’une expérience auprès d’étudiants en médecine
Authors: Pugnet Grégory , Carayol Brice , Fourage Sarah , Arlet Philippe , Sailler Laurent , Houze-Cerfon Charles-Henri , Geeraerts Thomas , Muscari Fabrice , Tack Ivan
Published: May 2020

Contexte : Tant l’enseignement du savoir-faire que celui du savoir-être, en particulier la communication médecin-patient peuvent être améliorés. Objectifs : Décrire et documenter l’intérêt des étudiants pour des dispositifs de formation à la communication et à la relation médecin-patient associant l’art dramatique et la simulation. Méthodes : Trente-trois étudiants en médecine (diplôme de formation approfondie en sciences médicales 1 et 2) ont participé à des ateliers de communication associant successivement une approche théâtrale comportant plusieurs exercices et une mise en situation professionnelle de communication en situation de consultation avec un patient simulé. Résultats : La grande majorité (92 %) des étudiants ayant participé à ces ateliers ont estimé que l’expérience leur a été bénéfique tant sur le plan du savoir-faire que du savoir-être et 94 % ont validé l’intérêt de ces ateliers pour leur pratique ultérieure. Les exercices théâtraux les plus plébiscités étaient l’histoire en cercle, l’histoire à plusieurs et l’histoire avec contrainte. Conclusion : L’association d’outils pédagogiques contextualisants, comme l’expérience théâtrale, le recours aux patients simulés en situation de problématiques cliniques fréquentes ou complexes, à des étudiants observateurs, le recours à la vidéo, et le débriefing entre les différents acteurs, recueille une très forte adhésion et détermine un grand bénéfice ressenti auprès des apprenants. Les résultats très positifs de cette expérience nous encouragent à étendre cette approche pédagogique intégrative à l’ensemble des étudiants du deuxième cycle des études médicales.
Improving treatment outcomes for Graves’ disease patients with inactive forms of Graves’ orbitopathy through an increased dose of radioiodine therapy
Authors: Gosmann Janika , Willms Diana , Bell Eberhard , Schreckenberger Mathias , Willms Arnulf
Published: May 2020

Introduction While surgical treatment is preferred for Graves’ disease with active forms of GO, there are various concepts for treating inactive forms of GO. The goal of radioiodine therapy is to resolve immunogenic hyperthyroidism by damaging the thyroid cells.The effects of the radioiodine dose on an associated inactive GO remain unclear, however.

Methodology We conducted a retrospective analysis of 536 patients who received first-time radioiodine therapy to treat Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Patients without GO always received 200 Gy of iodine-131. Before the introduction of a differentiated treatment concept, patients with GO also received 200 Gy, while afterwards they received 300 Gy. For further analysis, we formed three patient groups based on GO diagnosis and administered radiation dose and compared their results. The main research question focused on the effect of an increased dose on Graves’ orbitopathy. The sub-questions addressed the resolution rate achieved with the higher dose as well as the development of GO in patients who received radioiodine therapy.

Results The results show that GO symptoms were improved after radioiodine treatment in 68.5 % of patients treated with 300 Gy but only in 47.5 % of the patients treated with 200 Gy (p = 0.003). While in the 300 Gy group, hyperthyroidism was resolved in 93.2 % of patients, this was achieved in only 68.8 % of patients in the 200 Gy group (p </= 0.001).

Discussion Especially with an inactive form of GO profit from their hyperthyroidism being quickly and sufficiently resolved. This is achieved significantly better by administering 300 Gy instead of 200 Gy. For this reason, data analysis supports a differentiated dose concept that provides 300 Gy for patients with GO and 200 Gy for patients without GO.
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis in Clinical Practice – A Case Series
Authors: Schädle Philipp , Tschritter Otto , Kellerer Monika
Published: May 2020

Aims The aim of this case report is to specify the frequency and mortality of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) in emergency medicine, as the diagnosis seems to occur more often than estimated.

Methods To identify the subjects, we developed screening criteria for MALA. We measured the serum metformin concentration to confirm the diagnosis in all patients fulfilling these criteria. Retrospectively the patients were grouped according to individual risk (according to a defined risk score) and the application of renal replacement therapy.

Results From 2013 until 2018 we were able to identify 11 MALA patients revealing a frequency of 1:4,000 emergency patients. Six patients survived and five died in the follow-up. All three patients in the high-risk group died although all of them received renal replacement therapy. In the low-risk group (three patients, one with renal replacement therapy), all patients survived, while in the intermediate-risk group (five patients, one with renal replacement therapy) three patients survived and two died. Additional severe comorbidities also contributed to mortality.

Conclusions Every patient matching the screening criteria of acute renal failure, lactic acidosis and continued intake of metformin can be considered a potential MALA case. A risk score assessment which includes severe comorbidities may help to identify high-risk individuals and should be evaluated in larger studies.To prevent MALA, patients should be trained to immediately interrupt their own metformin use when showing signs of volume depletion. Physicians should be aware of the additional risk factors such as co-medication with diuretics, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs (non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs).
FGF23 Beyond the Kidney: A New Bone Mass Regulator in the General Population
Authors: Bilha Stefana Catalina , Bilha Andrei , Ungureanu Maria-Christina , Matei Anca , Florescu Alexandru , Preda Cristina , Covic Adrian , Branisteanu Dumitru
Published: May 2020

Clinical studies investigating the relationship between fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and bone mass are controversial, especially in the healthy renal population. Our study is one of the forefronts investigating the relationship between FGF23 and bone mass parameters in the general population, according to age, sex, menopausal, and nutritional status. Cross-sectional study enrolling 123 volunteers between 20–80 years of age without primary osteoporosis under treatment nor secondary osteoporosis, where bone mass (bone mineral density-BMD, bone mineral content-BMC; assessed by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry-DXA), body composition (DXA evaluation), and also the serum levels of FGF23, parathormone (PTH), 25(OH)D, bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) and leptin were determined. FGF23 was negatively and independently associated with BMD and/or BMC in all groups. FGF23 contributed to up to 10% (p <0.05) of femoral neck BMD variance in postmenopausal women, but was not an accurate discriminator of normal versus low bone mass (AUC=0.622±0.076). FGF23 did not correlate with 25(OH)D, CTx, body weight, body composition parameters or leptin. FGF23 was independently associated with PTH in premenopausal women and men only. FGF23 was negatively associated with bone mass parameters in both sexes, but was not a fine discriminator between normal bone mass and osteopenia/osteoporosis. The mechanism through which FGF23 acts upon the bone seems independent of the nutritional status, requiring further investigation.
Validated LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of
SAFit-1 and SAFit-2 in Mice Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic
Study
Authors: Gabani Bhavesh Babulal , Sulochana Suresh Ponnayyan , Siddesh Anup H.A. , Kiran Vinay , Saini Neeraj Kumar , Samanta Swapan Kumar , Hallur Mahanandeesha S. , Rajagopal Sridharan , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: May 2020

SAFit-1 and SAFit-2 are selective FKBP51 (FK506-binding protein 51) ligands. In
this paper, we present the development and validation data of an
LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of SAFit-1 and SAFit-2
in mice plasma as per FDA regulatory guideline. SAFit-1 and SAFit-2 along with
internal standard were extracted from mice plasma using liquid-liquid extraction
method. Chromatographic resolution of SAFit-1, SAFit-2 and the internal standard
(warfarin) was achieved on an X-Terra phenyl column using 0.2% formic
acid:acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) as an eluent, which was delivered at a
flow-rate of 0.9 mL/min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored
were m/z 748.4→420.4, 803.7→384.3 and 309.2
→163.2 for SAFit-1, SAFit-2 and the internal standard, respectively. The
linearity range was 2.45–2446 ng/mL for both SAFit-1 and
SAFit-2. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and intra- and inter-day precision
were in the range of 0.90–1.07 and 2.38–10.8%,
respectively for SAFit-1; 0.97–1.15 and 0.23–12.5%,
respectively for SAFit-2. Both SAFit-1 and SAFit-2 were found to be stable in
stability studies (up to three freeze-thaw cycles and for long-term at
−80°C for 30 days) and processed (bench-top for 3 h and in
in-injector for 16 h) samples. The application of the validated method was shown
in a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
Short-acting antipsychotics or long-acting injectables? A treatment comparison in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Thiem Helena , Folkerts Here , Völkel Lukas
Published: May 2020

Aim This research aims to compare the efficacy and direct costs of short-acting oral antipsychotics and aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) in the context of the treatment of patients with schizophrenia based on real-world data in Germany.

Method Results are based on a single-armed, retrospective, non-interventional pre-post comparison study evaluating data from 132 patients with schizophrenia before and after switching from oral antipsychotics to AOM treatment (6 months each). Socio-demographics, as well as parameters of indication, efficacy and resource consumption were analyzed and statistically evaluated.

Results The switch from an oral antipsychotic medication to AOM led to a distinct improvement in all clinically relevant parameters, including a reduction in hospitalization rates (55.1 % vs. 14.0 %), length of stay (43.5 d vs. 34.8 d) and percentage of patients with multiple hospitalizations (13.6 % vs. 3.8 %). There was also a reduction in schizophrenic episodes for patients with ≥ 1 episode (2.9 vs. 1.4) and of the percentage of patients with ≥ 1 (88.0 % vs. 29.3 %) as well as ≥ 2 (60.0 % vs. 8.1 %) schizophrenic episodes. The proportion of patients requiring a visit to day clinics or psychiatric institute outpatient clinics (PIA) decreased (39.5 % vs. 8.4 %) for patients with AOM treatment, as did the average length of stay in day clinics or PIAs (116.8 d vs. 86.4 d) for patients with ≥ 1 stay. The cost saving potential of AOM compared to the treatment with oral antipsychotics ranged between 1,729.32 € and 5,048.53 € per patient for a six-month observation period.

Conclusion Our results suggest that AOM treatment of patients with schizophrenia is more effective (reduction in schizophrenic episodes, hospitalizations, stays in day clinics, psychiatrist visits, losses in productivity) and generates lower costs for the statutory health insurance (SHI) in Germany than treatment with oral antipsychotics and should therefore not be regarded as only a last-resort treatment option for schizophrenia.
Application of α-Amino-β-fluorophosphonates in Construction of their Dipeptide Analogues
Authors: Kaźmierczak Marcin , Dutkiewicz Grzegorz , Cytlak Tomasz
Published: May 2020

Herein, we present application of α-amino-β-fluorophosphonates for the construction of their dipeptide analogues. α-Amino-β-fluorophosphonates were prepared in a XtalFluor-E mediated deoxyfluorination of α-hydroxy-β-aminophosphonates. The reaction proceeds through an aziridinium ion formation, which was confirmed by the formation­ of a hexacoordinate phosphorus compound. Moreover, the absolute configuration of the obtained compounds was determined by X-ray analysis, which proved the stereochemistry.
Clinician Perceptions of a Computerized Decision Support System for Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Screening
Authors: El Mikati Hala K. , Yazel-Smith Lisa , Grout Randall W. , Downs Stephen M. , Carroll Aaron E. , Hannon Tamara S.
Published: May 2020

Objective With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth, primary care providers must identify patients at high risk and implement evidence-based screening promptly. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) provide clinicians with personalized reminders according to best evidence. One example is the Child Health Improvement through Computer Automation (CHICA) system, which, as we have previously shown, significantly improves screening for T2D. Given that the long-term success of any CDSS depends on its acceptability and its users' perceptions, we examined what clinicians think of the CHICA diabetes module.

Methods CHICA users completed an annual quality improvement and satisfaction questionnaire. Between May and August of 2015 and 2016, the survey included two statements related to the T2D-module: (1) “CHICA improves my ability to identify patients who might benefit from screening for T2D” and (2) “CHICA makes it easier to get the lab tests necessary to identify patients who have diabetes or prediabetes.” Answers were scored using a 5-point Likert scale and were later converted to a 2-point scale: agree and disagree. The Pearson chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between responses and the respondents. Answers per cohort were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results The majority of respondents (N = 60) agreed that CHICA improved their ability to identify patients who might benefit from screening but disagreed as to whether it helped them get the necessary laboratories. Scores were comparable across both years.

Conclusion CHICA was endorsed as being effective for T2D screening. Research is needed to improve satisfaction for getting laboratories with CHICA.
Hepatic Artery Interventions in the Transplant Patient
Authors: Berman Zachary , Aryafar Hamed
Published: May 2020

Arterial complications are some of the feared complications of hepatic transplantation. This stems from the fact that while hepatocytes derive most of their blood supply from the portal vasculature, bile ducts get their supply from the hepatic artery. Arterial insufficiency overtime causes biliary ischemia, necrosis, and often hepatic graft failure. Once suspected clinically, a prompt imaging work-up is usually performed. After confirmation of suspected hepatic arterial injury or insufficiency, quick intervention is usually required. Knowledge of the common hepatic artery complications, their imaging diagnosis, and different treatment modalities is critical for any provider who treats these patients. This review covers the imaging diagnosis and types of vascular injuries, and analyzes the different treatment options.
Breathing modes in few-layer MoTe2 activated by h-BN encapsulation
Authors: Grzeszczyk M. , Molas M. R. , Bartoš M. , Nogajewski K. , Potemski M. , Babiński A.
Published: May 2020

The encapsulation of few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is known to significantly improve their optical and electronic properties. However, it may be expected that the h-BN encapsulation may also affect the vibration properties of TMDs due to an atomically flat surface of h-BN layers. In order to study its effect on interlayer interactions in few-layer TMDs, we investigate low-energy Raman scattering spectra of bi- and trilayer MoTe2. Surprisingly, three breathing modes are observed in the Raman spectra of the structures deposited on or encapsulated in h-BN as compared to a single breathing mode for the flakes deposited on a SiO2/Si substrate. The shear mode is not affected by changing the MoTe2 environment. The emerged structure of breathing modes is ascribed to the apparent interaction between the MoTe2 layer and the bottom h-BN flake. The structure becomes visible due to a high-quality surface of the former flake. Consequently, the observed triple structure of breathing modes originates from the combination modes due to interlayer and layer–substrate interactions. Our results confirm that the h-BN encapsulation substantially affects the vibration properties of layered materials.
Counterintuitive example on relation between ZT and thermoelectric efficiency
Authors: Ryu Byungki , Chung Jaywan , Choi Eun-Ae , Ziolkowski Pawel , Müller Eckhard , Park SuDong
Published: May 2020

The thermoelectric figure of merit ZT, which is defined using electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and absolute temperature T, has been widely used as a simple estimator of the conversion efficiency of a thermoelectric heat engine. When material properties are constant or slowly varying with T, a higher ZT ensures a higher maximum conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials. However, as material properties can vary strongly with T, efficiency predictions based on ZT can be inaccurate, especially for wide-temperature applications. Moreover, although ZT values continue to increase, there has been no investigation of the relationship between ZT and the efficiency in the higher ZT regime. In this paper, we report a counterintuitive situation by comparing two materials: although one material has a higher ZT value over the whole operating temperature range, its maximum conversion efficiency is smaller than that of the other. This indicates that, for material comparisons, the evaluation of exact efficiencies as opposed to a simple comparison of ZTs is necessary in certain cases.
Thermal stability and magnetization switching in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Volvach I. , Alzate J. G. , Chen Y.-J. , Smith A. J. , Kencke D. L. , Lomakin V.
Published: May 2020

A micromagnetic study of the thermal stability and magnetization switching by spin-polarized current in Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctions comprising a four-layer stack of free layer, reference layer, and synthetic antiferromagnets is presented. It is demonstrated that the minimal energy path (MEP)—related to the thermal stability of the system—does not necessarily follow the same trajectory as the current-induced switching. The MEP can be by uniform rotation (UR) or by domain walls (DWs), whereas the current-induced switching can be by UR, DWs, or bubble formation depending on geometrical and stack parameters. The bubble formation is further affected by the direction of switching, i.e., parallel to antiparallel vs antiparallel to parallel switching. We demonstrate the existence of different regimes where the energy barrier and the figure of merit, defined as a ratio between the energy barrier and switching current, show characteristic dependencies and even optimum points depending on the device diameter and the stack parameters. The presented results may explain recent experiments.
Robust active flow control over a range of Reynolds numbers using an artificial neural network trained through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Tang Hongwei , Rabault Jean , Kuhnle Alexander , Wang Yan , Wang Tongguang
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the active flow control of a computational fluid dynamics simulation over a range of Reynolds numbers using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). More precisely, the proximal policy optimization (PPO) method is used to control the mass flow rate of four synthetic jets symmetrically located on the upper and lower sides of a cylinder immersed in a two-dimensional flow domain. The learning environment supports four flow configurations with Reynolds numbers 100, 200, 300, and 400, respectively. A new smoothing interpolation function is proposed to help the PPO algorithm learn to set continuous actions, which is of great importance to effectively suppress problematic jumps in lift and allow a better convergence for the training process. It is shown that the DRL controller is able to significantly reduce the lift and drag fluctuations and actively reduce the drag by ∼5.7%, 21.6%, 32.7%, and 38.7%, at Re = 100, 200, 300, and 400, respectively. More importantly, it can also effectively reduce drag for any previously unseen value of the Reynolds number between 60 and 400. This highlights the generalization ability of deep neural networks and is an important milestone toward the development of practical applications of DRL to active flow control.
The impact of heterogeneous pin based micro-structures on flow dynamics and heat transfer in micro-scale heat exchangers
Authors: Zargartalebi Mohammad , Benneker Anne M. , Azaiez Jalel
Published: May 2020

Overheating is the most important limiting factor for efficient performance of miniature electronic devices. Porous microfluidic systems are recently introduced as a promising remedy to this problem. Increasing the heat removal using porous microfluidic systems comes at the cost of increased hydrodynamic friction in the device. In this study, we focus on the flow dynamics in microchannels with embedded heterogeneous porous structures to identify effective parameters to make porous patterns with less friction while maintaining a high heat transfer rate. The heterogeneous porous structures are defined using columns of pins with different pin sizes. We analyze the flow dynamics and heat transfer using quantitative and qualitative flow patterns, energy distribution, and particle tracking analyses. We find that the structure of the porous medium plays an important role in the hydrodynamic flow distribution and as a result on the overall heat transfer characteristics. While higher heat transfer rates in homogeneous porous media are proportional to higher friction, heterogeneous porous media revealed more complex flow dynamics. It was shown that an optimized distribution of the pins in the microchannel can lead to the systems where the heat transfer increases and, at the same time, the frictions decrease. We show that the columns at either end of the porous medium are the ones that affect flow dynamics and heat transfer the most.
Experimental investigations of crater formation on granular bed subjected to an air-jet impingement
Authors: Guleria Sharey Deep , Patil Dhiraj V.
Published: May 2020

The crater formation on granular particle beds is important for engineering applications, chemical and process industries as well as for an explanation of related natural phenomena. In this article, experimental studies on the formation of a crater and the subsequent movement of granular particles are carried out. Granular beds consisting of mono-dispersed or poly-dispersed spherical glass-beads are subjected to an air-jet impingement. The impinging air-jet causes creation of craters of various sizes and shapes (such as saucer shape, parabolic shape, parabolic shape with an intermediate region, U shape, and craters with conical slants with a curved bottom surface). The experimental observations reveal two predominant regimes, categorized based on the crater stability, namely, a stable regime or an unstable regime. The mechanisms for the crater formation such as viscous erosion, diffused gas eruption, bearing capacity failure, and diffusion driven flow or combination of them are identified. It is observed that the steady-state depth of a crater increases linearly with an increase in the air-jet flow-rate. The temporal growth of crater depth shows logarithmic variation for a given flow rate. A regime map of the observed crater shapes is presented.
Rotating 3He droplets
Authors: Pi Martí , Ancilotto Francesco , Barranco Manuel
Published: May 2020

Motivated by recent experiments, we study normal-phase rotating 3He droplets within density functional theory in a semi-classical approach. The sequence of rotating droplet shapes as a function of angular momentum is found to agree with that of rotating classical droplets, evolving from axisymmetric oblate to triaxial prolate to two-lobed shapes as the angular momentum of the droplet increases. Our results, which are obtained for droplets of nanoscopic size, are rescaled to the mesoscopic size characterizing ongoing experimental measurements, allowing for a direct comparison of shapes. The stability curve in the angular velocity–angular momentum plane shows small deviations from the classical rotating drop model predictions, whose magnitude increases with angular momentum. We attribute these deviations to effects not included in the simplified classical model description of a rotating fluid held together by surface tension, i.e., to surface diffuseness, curvature, and finite compressibility, and to quantum effects associated with deformation of the 3He Fermi surface. The influence of all these effects is expected to diminish as the droplet size increases, making the classical rotating droplet model a quite accurate representation of 3He rotation.
Essentials of relativistic quantum chemistry
Authors: Liu Wenjian
Published: May 2020

Relativistic quantum chemistry has evolved into a fertile and large field and is now becoming an integrated part of mainstream chemistry. Yet, given the much-involved physics and mathematics (as compared with nonrelativistic quantum chemistry), it is still necessary to clean up the essentials underlying the relativistic electronic structure theories and methodologies (such that uninitiated readers can pick up quickly the right ideas and tools for further development or application) and meanwhile pinpoint future directions of the field. To this end, the three aspects of electronic structure calculations, i.e., relativity, correlation, and QED, will be highlighted.
Australia's Poisonous Plants, Fungi and Cyanobacteria
Authors: McKenzie Ross
Published: May 2020

Australia's Poisonous Plants, Fungi and Cyanobacteria is the first full-colour, comprehensive guide to the major natural threats to health in Australia affecting domestic and native animals and humans. The overriding aim of the book is to prevent poisoning, as there are few effective treatments available, particularly in domestic animals.
The species have been chosen because of their capacity to threaten life or damage important organs, their relative abundance or wide distribution in native and naturalised Australian flora, or because of their extensive cultivation as crops, pastures or in gardens. These include flowering plants, ferns and cone-bearing plants, macrofungi, ergot fungi and cyanobacteria.
The plant species are grouped by life form such as herbs, grasses and sedges, shrubs, trees, and for flowering plants by flower type and colour for ease of identification. Species described have colour photographs, distribution maps and notes on confusing species, habitats, toxins, animals affected, conditions of poisoning, clinical signs and symptoms, post mortem changes, therapy, prevention and control. Symbols are used for quick reference to poisoning duration and available ways of managing poisoning. As further aids to understanding, poisoning hot-spots are highlighted and the book lists plants under the headings of animals affected and organs affected. A Digest gives brief details for all poisonous species in Australia.
This book is written in a straightforward style making it accessible to a wide audience including farmers, veterinarians, agricultural advisors, gardeners, horticulturists, botanists and park rangers, medical practitioners and paramedics, teachers, parents and pet owners.
Sika deer (Cervus nippon) velvet antler ameliorates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like clinical signs in a rodent model
Authors: Choi Young-Jin , Fan Meiqi , Yu Yonghai , Wang Xiaoli , Tang Yujiao , Kim Eun-Kyung
Published: May 2020

Context Deer velvet is a rarely used component in traditional Chinese medicine and has beneficial effects against several diseases. As a substance that covers the bone and cartilage of immature antlers, deer velvet is a natural cytokine ‘storeroom’ that is rich in protein and proteoglycans. Recently, proteoglycans have been shown to have beneficial effects against inflammation. Aims To determine whether antler extract possesses therapeutic effects in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD) and to explore the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following groups: control, AD, and AD + antler groups. We established an in vivo AD model by repeatedly exposing the ears of mice to Dermatophagoides farinae extract (house dust-mite extract) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene once per week for 4 weeks. On the day after induction, ear thickness was measured. Antler extract (100 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day for 26 days. After 4 weeks of treatment with antler extract, the epidermal and dermal ear thickness, mast-cell infiltration, spleen weight, and lymph-node weight were measured. In addition, the mRNA levels of several pathogenic cytokines in the ears were measured. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-31 and IL-17 mRNA in the skin lesions of each group were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Key results Epidermal and dermal ear thickness, mast-cell infiltration, lymph-node weight, and gene expression levels of pathogenic cytokines in ear tissue were diminished following oral administration of antler extract, unlike in the control group. Conclusions The results of the present study strongly suggest that antler extract exhibits therapeutic activity against atopic dermatitis via regulation of inflammatory response. Implications Further exploration of the mechanisms of action of antler extract will be important for clinical application.
Predicting Octanol–Water Partition Coefficients of Fluorinated Drug-Like Molecules: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Wu Ying Min , Salas Yuvixza Lizarme , Leung Yun Cheuk , Hunter Luke , Ho Junming
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a dataset of 11 fluorinated compounds containing a variety of functional groups (amides, esters, indoles, and ethers) as well as mono, gem-difluoro, erythro-difluoro, and threo-difluoro patterns were synthesised and their octanol–water partition coefficients (log P) were measured using a shake-flask method. The resulting data was used to assess the performance of several popular empirical fragment-based methods as well as quantum chemical implicit solvent models (SMD and SM12). Overall, the empirical miLOGP, ALOGPS, and ALOGP methods performed the best with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of ~0.25 log units, while the best performing implicit solvent model SMD has a slightly higher MAD of 0.36 log units. Based on the present work and previous studies, the miLOGP and ALOGP empirical methods are recommended for fast and moderately accurate prediction of log P for neutral organic solutes.
Soil and foliar zinc biofortification of broccolini: effects on plant growth and mineral accumulation
Authors: Rivera-Martin Angelica , Broadley Martin R. , Poblaciones Maria J.
Published: May 2020

Millions of people have Zn-deficient diets, so Zn-biofortified crops could prevent such deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of agronomic Zn biofortification of broccolini – a new hybrid crop variety derived from a cross between kalian cabbage and broccoli. Plants were grown in pots using a Zn deficient soil. Four fertiliser treatments were tested: (1) control; (2) soil application of 5 mg ZnSO4•7H2O kg–1 soil; (3) foliar application at the early flowering stage of 0.5% (w/v) ZnSO4•7H2O; (4) combined soil and foliar treatments. Florets were harvested in four sequential harvests. There was a decrease in both growth and leaf composition of Zn, Ca, Fe and Mg. Soil Zn application increased floret production. There were increases in the Zn concentration stem+leaves and florets of 12- and 2.5-fold in foliar and soil+foliar treatments respectively. PA:Zn molar ratios decreased under both foliar and soil+foliar treatments. Boiling reduced Zn concentration by 40%, along with a decrease of other mineral nutrients. A soil+foliar treatment can increase both plant growth and Zn concentration in broccolini, and boiled 100 g portion of biofortified florets fertilised at rates in this study would deliver ~49 mg Zn, a 46% increase than in the non-biofortified broccolini.
Recrystallization behaviour during annealing of cold-rolled Cu–5Fe–2Sn alloy
Authors: Zhang Jun ting , Lin Jinbao , Wang Qianqian , Du Xiu li , Wang You hong
Published: May 2020

The recrystallization behaviour during annealing of cold-rolled Cu–5Fe–2Sn alloy was clarified in this paper. The effects of annealing temperature and time on the microstructure and properties of the Cu–5Fe–2Sn alloy were investigated. The equations of electrical conductivity and recrystallization kinetics during annealing were obtained with Martition's rule and Avrami empirical formula. The variations of recrystallization volume fraction and the growth of recrystallization grain for Cu–5Fe–2Sn alloy after 40% cold rolling were discussed. The calculated conductivity and volume fraction of recrystallization have a good match with experimental results. The variations of the properties of annealed Cu–5Fe–2Sn alloy are attributed to the growth rate of recrystallization phase and the size of recrystallization grains.
Critical digital literacy of future teachers in the Twitter Age (La alfabetización crítica digital del futuro profesorado en tiempos de Twitter) (La alfabetización crítica digital del futuro profesorado en tiempos de Twitter)
Authors: Santisteban Antoni , Díez-Bedmar María-Consuelo , Castellví Jordi
Published: May 2020

The transformations caused by the proliferation of social media in the Digital Age are having a huge impact on the field of education. Teacher training programmes are faced with the challenge of preparing future teachers to interpret digital media critically. Creating an informed, reflective citizenry depends on this training. This leads to the question: Are future teachers critical thinkers? This study inquires into the capacities of students in their third and fourth years of the Bachelor’s degree in Primary Education at five Spanish universities ( n = 322) to construct critical discourses. This study examines their capacities to analyse and discuss information from social media on controversial issues around gender violence, machismo, LGBTIQ persons, homophobia, intolerance and undemocratic attitudes. The results reveal the future teachers’ difficulties developing critical discourses based on online news items on controversial issues. Only a minority doubt, check, analyse and argue critically.
On quantum intrigue, or “what’s up with that adjective?”
Authors: Tackney Charles T.
Published: May 2020

There is no Abstract for an invited comment.
German-language scales for spirituality at work
Authors: Moll Tobias
Published: May 2020

Although spirituality at work is increasingly raising academics’ and practioneers’ interest, to date virtually no scientific insights on effects and applications of spirituality at work in Germany are available due to lack of suitable German-language scales. We contribute to facilitation of future research by developing two culturally adapted German-language spirituality at work scales – based on the Faith at Work Scale (FAWS) and the Spirit at Work Scale (SAWS). In study 1, we evaluate the two German-language instruments, G-FAWS and G-SAWS, using explorative factor analysis with data from northern Germany (N = 148). On average, we find better scale properties of G-SAWS, and develop a five-item short version (G-S-SAWS). Study 2 (N = 179) provides additional validity analyzes. Based on Study 3 with data from all across Germany (N = 2,568), we discuss generalizability for Germany with all its spiritually heterogeneous parts.
Optical absorption in asymmetrical Gaussian potential quantum dot under the application of an electric field*
Authors: Li Xue-Chao , Ye Chun-Bao , Gao Juan , Wang Bing
Published: May 2020

We theoretically investigate the optical absorption coefficient (OAC) in asymmetrical Gaussian potential quantum dots subject to an applied electric field. Confined wave functions together with energies of electron energies in an effective mass approximation framework are obtained. The OAC is expressed according to the iterative method and the compact-density-matrix approach. Based on our results, OAC is sensitively dependent on external electric field together with the incident optical intensity. Additionally, peak shifts into greater energy as the quantum dot radius decrease. Moreover, the parameters of Gaussian potential have a significant influence on the OAC.
Total dose test with γ-ray for silicon single photon avalanche diodes*
Authors: Liu Qiaoli , Zhang Haiyan , Hao Lingxiang , Hu Anqi , Wu Guang , Guo Xia
Published: May 2020

Gamma-ray (γ-ray) radiation for silicon single photon avalanche diodes (Si SPADs) is evaluated, with total dose of 100 krad(Si) and dose rate of 50 rad(Si)/s by using 60Co as the γ-ray radiation source. The breakdown voltage, photocurrent, and gain have no obvious change after the radiation. However, both the leakage current and dark count rate increase by about one order of magnitude above the values before the radiation. Temperature-dependent current–voltage measurement results indicate that the traps caused by radiation function as generation and recombination centers. Both leakage current and dark count rate can be almost recovered after annealing at 200 °C for about 2 hours, which verifies the radiation damage mechanics.
Enhancement of hydrogenation kinetics and thermodynamic properties of ZrCo1−xCrx (x = 0−0.1) alloys for hydrogen storage*
Authors: Luo Linling , Ye Xiaoqiu , Zhang Guanghui , Kou Huaqin , Xiong Renjin , Sang Ge , Yu Ronghai , Zhao Dongliang
Published: May 2020

The vacuum arc melting method was used to prepare ZrCo1 − x
Cr
x
(x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) alloys. Afterward, the crystal structure, hydrogenation kinetics, thermodynamic properties, and disproportionation performance of ZrCo1 − x
Cr
x
(x = 0−0.1) alloys were investigated. The x-ray diffraction spectra demonstrated that ZrCo1 − x
Cr
x
(x = 0−0.1) alloys contained ZrCo and ZrCo2 phases, and their corresponding hydrides consisted of ZrCoH3 and ZrH phases. The activation behaviors of Cr-substituted samples were significantly promoted. The activation time of ZrCo was 7715 s while that of ZrCo0.9Cr0.1 was 195 s. The improvement of kinetics can be attributed to the catalytic hydrogenation of ZrCr2. The activation energy for the hydrogenation of ZrCo was 44.88-kJ⋅mol−1 H2 and decreased to 40.34-kJ⋅mol−1 H2 for ZrCo0.95Cr0.05. The plateau pressure and width of the pressure–composition–temperature curves decreased slightly as Cr content increased. The extent of disproportionation of ZrCo was 83.68% after being insulated at 798 K for 10 h and decreased slightly to 70.52% for ZrCo0.9Cr0.1. The improvement of anti-disproportionation performance can be attributed to increase in the activation energy of disproportionation from 167.46-kJ⋅mol−1 H2 for ZrCo to 168.28-kJ⋅mol−1 H2 for ZrCo0.95Cr0.05.
Experimental investigation on the properties of liquid film breakup induced by shock waves*
Authors: Song Xianzhao , Li Bin , Xie Lifeng
Published: May 2020

We experimentally observed properties of liquid film breakup for shock-wave-initiated disturbances in air at normal temperature and pressure. The tested liquids include water and various glycerol mixtures. High speed camera and multiple-spark high speed camera were utilized to record the process of liquid film breakup. A phase Doppler particle analyzer was also used to record droplet size and velocity. The experimental results show that liquid viscosity plays a vital role in the deformation, breakup and atomization of liquid films. After the interaction of shock waves, the droplet size of various glycerol mixtures is significantly smaller than either water or glycerol. Richtmyer–Meshkov instability is an important factor in the breakup and atomization of liquid films induced by shock waves. Furthermore, a dispersal model is established to study breakup mechanisms of liquid films. The correlation between droplet size and velocity is revealed quantitatively. The research results may provide improved understanding of breakup mechanisms of liquid films, and have important implications for many fields, especially for heterogeneous detonations of gas/liquid mixtures.
Exact scattering states in one-dimensional Hermitian and non-Hermitian potentials*
Authors: Chai Ruo-Lin , Xie Qiong-Tao , Liu Xiao-Liang
Published: May 2020

The scattering states in one-dimensional Hermitian and non-Hermitian potentials are investigated. An analytical solution for the scattering states is presented in terms of Heun functions. It is shown that for some specially chosen parameter conditions, an infinite number of the exact scattering states is obtained. In the Hermitian potentials, they correspond to the reflectionless states. In the non-Hermitian complex potentials with parity-time symmetry, they are the unidirectionally reflectionless states.