bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction through Spontaneous Charge Separation in End‐Capping Assembly of Heterostructured Covalent‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lin Huaxing , Liu Yuan , Wang Zirui , Ling Liying , Huang Hao , Li Qiaohong , Cheng Linxiu , Li Yibao , Zhou Jilong , Wu Kaifeng , Zhang Jian , Zhou Tianhua
Published: October 2022

It is well known that charge separation is crucial for efficient photocatalytic solar conversion. Although some covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit visible‐light harvest, the large exciton binding energies reduce their photocatalytic efficiencies. Herein, we developed a novel method to post‐treat the olefin‐linked COFs with end‐capping polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for spontaneous charge separation. Interestingly, a type‐II heterostructure is constructed in our perylene‐modified COFs which displays drastically enhanced performance for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, with an efficiency of 8‐fold higher than that of unmodified COF. A combination of electrochemical, steady‐state, and time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements indicates that such drastically enhanced performance should be attributed to photoinduced spontaneous charge separation in the heterostructure. These results illustrate the feasibility of engineering the charge‐separation properties of crystalline porous frameworks at a molecular level for artificial photosynthesis.
Synthesis, spectroscopic studies, and single‐crystal structures of two 3‐D supramolecular zinc(II) and nickel(II) complexes containing thiazole ring: Antimicrobial assays, time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Li Cheng‐Guo , An Hong‐Li , Chai Lan‐Qin
Published: October 2022

Two novel complexes [Zn(L)2·(NO3)2] (1) and [Ni(L)2·2H2O]·2CH3OH·(NO3)2 (2) (L = 2‐(2‐thiazolyl)‐4‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinazoline‐N3‐oxide) were synthesized successfully and characterized by elemental analysis, as well as various spectroscopic techniques. Specifically, the photoluminescence behavior of complex 1 was explored in different solvents. The structural characterization of both complexes has been determined single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It revealed that the metals in 1 and 2 are chelated by two L ligands in centro‐symmetrically fashion and the complexes are counterbalanced by nitrate ions which act as coordinating species in 1, while two water molecules complete the Ni coordination sphere in 2. In the crystal structures, the adjacent molecules of complex 1 disclosed a ladder‐like 2‐D network and 3‐D supramolecular self‐assembly. Simultaneously, an infinite 1‐D chain, 2‐D layered skeleton, and even meter‐shaped 3‐D network of 2 was governed by molecular interactions (H–bonds, C–H⋯π). Most strikingly, the research of antibacterial activity proved that two complexes had good activity against two standard bacteria strains. To ascertain deeply the optimum geometric configurations and detect the frontier molecular orbital energy gaps, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also investigated. Additionally, analyses of Hirshfeld surfaces (HS) and electrostatic potential (ESP) were also performed to quantify the presence of diverse noncovalent interactions.
Incorporation of N,N,‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide within electrospun nylon‐6/6 nanofibers
Authors: Thum Matthew D. , Weise Nickolaus K. , Casalini Riccardo , Fulton Ashley C. , Purdy Andrew P. , Lundin Jeffrey G.
Published: October 2022

Encapsulation of insect repellents is a key method of controlling their delivery and limiting unnecessary exposure to the wearer. Common topical repellents suffer from short lifetimes resulting in the need to frequently re‐apply to retain effectiveness. Herein, a strategy is employed whereby N,N,‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide (DEET) is incorporated within electrospun nylon 6/6 nanofibers. Electrospinning from polymer solutions containing up to 50 wt% DEET relative to nylon has no detrimental effect on the fiber morphology and thermal analysis shows the final fibers can contain up to 29 wt% DEET. The effect of varying the concentration of nylon electrospinning solution on the fiber morphology and the retention of DEET is discussed. The rate constant for DEET release is calculated at room temperature and is used to estimate the estimated repellency of the fibers. The lifetime depends on the weight of material and the concentration of DEET, where the active lifetime for a lightweight fabric is estimated to be >200 h. We demonstrate electrospinning as a facile means to incorporate DEET within a polymer matrix and control its evaporation and highlight the possibility for the preparation of fabrics and textiles with long‐lasting, active insect protection.
Improvement in the ability to have sex in patients with Peyronie's disease treated with Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum
Authors: Geelhoed Jeannette P. , Wegelin Olivier , Tromp Ellen , de Boer Bert‐Jan , de Jong Igle‐Jan , Beck Jack J. H.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To describe the results of intralesional Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) treatment in patients with Peyronie's disease (PD) in real‐world setting. PD is characterized by curvature of the erect penis caused by fibrotic tissue in the tunica albuginea.

Patients and methods

Patients with stable PD and curvature of 30° to 90° were prospectively enrolled. CCH injections were initially given using a scheme of four cycles of two injections within 48–72 h every 6 weeks. Later using a modified scheme of three injections every 4 weeks, combined with a vacuum erection device (VED) twice daily. All patients were requested to take pictures of the erect penis prior to and following treatment, from above and laterally. Curvature was measured by three independent researchers based on the provided pictures using a goniometer. Furthermore, patients filled in the Peyronie Disease Questionnaire‐NL (PDQ‐NL) and Patient Reported Outcome Measurement (PROM).

The primary outcome was reduction in curvature and the ability to have penetrating sex again. Secondary outcomes include pain scores during injections, changes in PDQ‐NL, PROM and complications of CCH treatment.

Results

Sixty‐three patients were included, mean age was 56.0 years (range 39–70) and mean reduction in curvature 20.6° (SD 10.2, range 5–49); 74.5% of the patients were able to have penetrating sex again following treatment, compared with 41.2% prior to treatment. According to the PROM questions, sexual improvement was seen in 66.7% of patients. The satisfaction rate was 6.8 (SD 1.8). All patients save two recommend treatment.

Conclusions

Intralesional treatment with CCH in men with PD leads to a mean curvature improvement of 20.6°. Following treatment, 74.5% of men were able to have sexual intercourse and 54.9% of the couples were satisfied with their sex life. No major complications occurred in the patients treated with CCH. CCH is not available in Europe anymore despite good results.
Carrying the Moral Burden of Safe Fieldwork
Authors: Blonder Benjamin Wong
Published: October 2022

Fieldwork in ecology and the environmental sciences often leads to negative physical and emotional outcomes for workers. I argue that this is largely due to an abdication of responsibility on the part of their supervisors, and that supervisors are charged with carrying three interlinked moral burdens: first, the duty of promoting safety; second, the duty of ensuring safe experiences are accessible to all; and third, the duty of continuing to learn and improve. To help, I offer a set of safety actions that supervisors can easily implement. I then offer a set of personal reflections on how we should think about failure, accountability, learning, repair, and forgiveness in the scientific workplace.
Teaching behavior analysts in an early intensive behavioral intervention setting to conduct a structured mealtime protocol
Authors: Ibañez Vivian F. , Peters Kerri P. , Bacotti Janelle K. , Lloveras Lindsay A. , Van Arsdale Angela , Vollmer Timothy R.
Published: October 2022

Children with autism spectrum disorder often display feeding problems, such as consumption of a limited variety of foods. It is also common for these children to be enrolled in early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) services for comprehensive treatment. Combined, these factors make it possible that behavior analysts will have a role in a child's clinical care related to feeding. However, given that the etiology of pediatric feeding disorders is complex and multifactorial, clinicians should ensure they have sufficient training and a setting that is appropriate for assessment and treatment. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of behavioral skills training in an EIBI setting to conduct a structured mealtime protocol. Training resulted in increases in procedural integrity, and we replicated these effects for all participants.
Continuous monitoring of IgG using immobilized fluorescent reporters
Authors: Goyal Atul , Vu Binh , Maranholkar Vijay , Patil Ujwal , Kourentzi Katerina , Willson Richard C.
Published: October 2022

In the manufacture of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, the clarified cell culture fluid (CCF) is typically loaded onto an initial protein A affinity capture column. Imperfect mass transfer and loading to maximum capacity can risk antibody breakthrough and loss of valuable product, but conservative underloading wastes expensive protein A resin. In addition, the effects of column fouling and ligand degradation require the frequent optimization of immunoglobulin G (IgG) loading to avoid wastage. Continuous real‐time monitoring of IgG flowthrough is of great interest, therefore. We previously developed a fluorescence‐based monitoring technology that allows batch mix‐and‐read mAb detection in the CCF. Here, we report the use of reporters immobilized on cyanogenbromide‐activated Sepharose 4B resin for continuous detection of IgG in column breakthrough. The column effluent is continuously contacted with immobilized fluorescein‐labeled Fc‐binding ligands in a small monitoring column to produce an immediately‐detectable change in fluorescence intensity. The technology allows rapid and reliable monitoring of IgG in a flowing stream of clarified CCF emerging from a protein A column, without prior sample preparation. We observed a significant change in fluorescence intensity at 0.5 g/L human IgG, sufficient to detect a 5% breakthrough of a 10 g/L load, within 18 s at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The current small‐scale technology is suitable for use in process development, but the chemistry should be readily adaptable to larger scale applications using fiber‐optic sensors, and continuous IgG monitoring could be applicable in a variety of upstream and downstream process settings.
Computational prediction of blend time in a large‐scale viral inactivation process for monoclonal antibodies biomanufacturing
Authors: Sirasitthichoke Chadakarn , Hoang Duc , Phalak Poonam , Armenante Piero M. , Barnoon Barak I. , Shandil Ishaan
Published: October 2022

Viral inactivation (VI) is a process widely used across the pharmaceutical industry to eliminate the cytotoxicity resulting from trace levels of viruses introduced by adventitious agents. This process requires adding Triton X‐100, a non‐ionic detergent solution, to the protein solution and allowing sufficient time for this agent to inactivate the viruses. Differences in process parameters associated with vessel designs, aeration rate, and many other physical attributes can introduce variability in the process, thus making predicting the required blending time to achieve the desired homogeneity of Triton X‐100 more critical and complex. In this study we utilized a CFD model based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to predict the blend time to homogenize a Triton X‐100 solution added during a typical full‐scale commercial VI process in a vessel equipped with an HE‐3‐impeller for different modalities of the Triton X‐100 addition (batch vs. continuous). Although direct experimental progress of the blending process was not possible because of GMP restrictions, the degree of homogeneity measured at the end of the process confirmed that Triton X‐100 was appropriately dispersed, as required, and as computationally predicted here. The results obtained in this study were used to support actual production at the biomanufacturing site.
Comparative efficacy and safety of atezolizumab and bevacizumab between hepatocellular carcinoma patients with viral and non‐viral infection: A Japanese multicenter observational study
Authors: Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Kosaka Hisashi , Tanaka Takaaki , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Naganuma Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Kaibori Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi , Kumada Takashi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group, and HCC 48 Group (hepatocellular carcinoma experts from 48 clinics in Japan)
Published: October 2022

Aim

This study compared the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) in patients with viral and non‐viral infection in clinical settings.

Methods

We conducted the retrospective cohort study of 323 BCLC stage B or C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with Child‐Pugh class A, and a performance status of 0 or 1 who started Atez/Bev from September 2020 to December 2021 at 22 institutions in Japan. Patients with viral infection was defined as those who were either serum anti‐HCV‐ Ab or HBs‐Ag‐positive, while patients with non‐viral infection was defined as those who were both serum anti‐HCV Ab‐ and HBs‐Ag‐negative. We constructed a propensity‐score‐matched cohort to minimize the risk of observable potential confounders.

Results

Propensity score matching produced 126 matched pairs for patients with viral versus non‐viral infection. After matching, the significant differences in baseline demographic features did not exist between the two groups. The objective response rate was 20.6% and 24.6% in viral‐ and non‐viral‐related HCC patients, respectively, without a significant difference (p = 0.55). The disease control rate was not also significantly different (68.3% vs 69.0%,p = 1.00). The median progression‐free survival was 7.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0–9.6) and 6.2 months (95% CI 5.1–7.8) in patients with viral and non‐viral infection, and the 12‐month survival rates were 65.5% (95% CI 50.8–76.8) and 71.7% (95% CI 57.3–81.9) in those with viral and non‐viral infection, respectively, which were not significantly different (p = 0.33,p = 0.38). No significant difference in treatment‐related adverse events was found between the two groups.

Conclusions

Our etiology‐based study demonstrated that Atez/Bev showed good efficacy and safety for HCC patient with non‐viral infection as well as those with viral infection.
Natural Compounds with Oxepinochromene Scaffold. Structure, Source, Biological Activity and Synthesis
Authors: Gašparová Renata
Published: October 2022

Natural products containing oxepinochromene motifs were first isolated from natural sources in 1960s. Natural oxepinochromenes are relatively rare and their source is limited to several endophytic and endolichenic fungi or higher plants. The importance of natural oxepinochromene derivatives lies in their promising biological activity. They exhibit a wide range of activities such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory or antifungal. Consequently, their synthesis has attracted significant interest. This review discusses the source, biosynthesis, biological activity, reactions as well as the total synthesis of oxepinochromene derivatives, belonging to the xanthone, terpenoid and flavone groups of phenolic secondary metabolites.
Recent Advances in Graphene Oxide‐Based Membranes for Heavy Metal Ions Separation
Authors: Janjhi Farooque Ahmed , Janwery Dahar , Chandio Imamdin , Ullah Sami , Rehman Faisal , Memon Ayaz Ali , Hakami Jabir , Khan Firoz , Boczkaj Grzegorz , Thebo Khalid Hussain
Published: October 2022

Graphene oxide (GO)‐based membranes have been widely investigated for separation of dyes, salt ions, heavy metal ions, and biomolecules due to their high mechanical strength, single‐layered structure, large surface area, and high affinity. However, due to irregular pore structure, nanochannels, interlayer distance, easy functionalization, swelling effect, and chemical stability under aqueous environment limited their separation efficiency. In this review, different fabrication methods of GO membranes are summarized. The role of functionalization and cross‐linking on membrane's structural properties, separation performance, and practical applications are discussed. Further, the GO‐based membranes (GOMs) for separation and removal of heavy metal ions are discussed in detail. The factors which influence the separation performance are also highlighted. Finally, recommendations and future directions are suggested.
Monitoring the fluidized bed reactor for polyethylene polymerization based on fibre optic acoustic emission sensor
Authors: Jani Farzad , Houshmand Moayed Saeed , Adhamdoust Seyyed Reza , Sepahi Abdolhannan , Afzali Seyyed Kamal
Published: October 2022

This paper presents applications of a new class of fibre optic acoustic emission (FOAE) sensor to monitor the operation of fluidized bed reactors used in polyethylene production. Specifically, the sensor was implemented to detect undesired, abnormal phenomena related to particle agglomeration, wall sheeting, fine overflow, and variations in the superficial gas velocity. The experiments were executed using a fluidized bed cold model setup for polyethylene powders with average particle sizes of 250, 1000, and 2000 μm. The results demonstrated that the presence of agglomerated particles in the fluidized bed reactor increases the kurtosis of the acoustic emission (AE) signal. Furthermore, the overflow of small particles can be detected by mounting the FOAE sensor below the gas distributor plate and monitoring an increase in the root mean square (RMS) of the AE signal. The AE signal RMS increased with the rising superficial gas velocity. Besides, forming a sheet layer on the reactor wall decreased the AE signal RMS. The proposed sensor's main benefits are its simple design, rapid response to abnormal conditions in the fluidized bed reactor, immunity against electromagnetic noise, high‐temperature resistance, and safety in hazardous areas.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization Strategy for the Assembly of 3‐Halo‐1,2,5‐triarylpyrroles from N‐Alkylanilines and Haloalkynes
Authors: Fang Songjia , Jiang Huanfeng , Wu Wanqing
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

This report discloses a distinctive palladium‐catalyzed sequential tandem cyclization reaction of two molecular haloalkynes and one molecular N‐alkylanilines, leading to the efficient assembly of various 3‐halo‐1,2,5‐triarylpyrrole derivatives. Two carbon‐carbon triple bonds and one carbon‐halogen bond in two molecular haloalkynes are transformed conveniently in one single step, which may involve the aminoalkynylation of haloalkyne and cyclization of the newly formed enyne intermediate. The high chemo‐ and regioselectivities, good functional group tolerance and late‐stage modification of the halopyrrole products further illustrate the synthetic value of this strategy.
Determining biomarkers for evaluation and diagnosis of hereditary angioedema
Authors: Singh Umesh , Bernstein Jonathan A.
Published: October 2022

Rationale

Kallikrein‐bradykinin‐forming cascade is known to cause hereditary angioedema (HAE) acute angioedema (AE) attacks. Further research of HAE attacks is needed to explain disease heterogeneity, predict treatment response and identify biomarkers for monitoring HAE attacks. Differential expression of the microvascular endothelial cell‐surface receptors for example, g‐C1qR, cytokeratin‐1, and plasminogen‐activator‐urokinase‐receptor (PLAUR) were hypothesized as biomarkers of AE attacks.

Method

To understand HAE attacks, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RNAseq and mi‐RNAseq data of total RNA extracted from skin biopsies of lesional versus non‐lesional skin collected during and between attacks in Type‐1 HAE patients (n = 11; F:M = 8:3) were compared. To understand the HAE variants, DEGs in skin biopsies from HAE with normal C1 inhibitor (n = 5, F:M = 5:0), and non‐HAE (n = 7; F:M = 3:4) patients were compared. Gene‐set enrichment analyses and regulator effects analysis of these DEGs identified biological pathways in HAE attacks and their regulators.

Results

PLAUR gene, encoding urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PAR), was constitutively over‐expressed in HAE‐Type‐1 versus non‐HAE controls suggestive of overactive u‐PAR‐mediated signaling via binding to Factor‐XII. Baseline PLAUR expression was associated with severe AE (p = 0.05). The 18 significant DEGs investigated between baseline and AE attack samples in Type1‐HAE were enriched in beta1/beta3‐integrin cell surface interactions and IL‐6‐mediated signaling. Regulator effects analysis suggests a role for IL‐1b in HAE flares. AKT2, the mRNA regulated by the differentially‐expressed miR‐184A, was also associated with HAE attacks.

Conclusion

Angiopoetin‐activated β1‐integrin signaling pathways causing endothelial destabilization, and avid binding of factor XII to u‐PAR are possible novel mechanisms for progression of the endothelial kinin‐bradykinin‐forming cascade in HAE attacks.
Mutual funds and gender equality in portfolio firms: Toward the sustainable development goals
Authors: Martí‐Ballester Carmen‐Pilar
Published: October 2022

Abundant research has documented an overall female penalty. To reduce this, stakeholders are pressuring firms worldwide to adopt diversity goals and to implement practices to promote gender diversity. These gender‐related practices could influence corporate financial performance and, consequently, the financial performance of funds investing in them. However, this effect could differ across sectors related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this study, we examine the effect of gender equality criteria on the financial performance of SDG‐related thematic mutual funds in the United States. We also study the financial impact on mutual funds of each of the four dimensions of gender equality components. We use a dataset of 554 US thematic mutual funds and 2140 US conventional mutual funds investing globally or in the United States markets, covering the 2015–2021 period. To this sample, we apply the Fama and French six‐factor model and Student's t‐parametric test for independent samples. Our findings indicate that the gender equality effect on fund financial performance depends on the sector and geographical market in which mutual funds invest.
A functionalized ionic liquid as the next‐generation nano‐lubricant
Authors: Wang Bingchen , Tirado Alan , Yang Fan , Moran Catherine , Vander Woude Meghan , Song Yihan , Wang Xin , Qiao Rui , Bai Sofia , Guo Qian , Tang Huan , Li Lei
Published: October 2022

Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted intensive research interest due to their outstanding physiochemical properties. However, comprehensive design is necessary for targeted applications and has rarely been conducted. As a result, the industry‐scale application of ILs is still very limited. In this academia–industry collaborative research among the University of Pittsburgh, Virginia Tech. University, and Seagate Technology LLC, we report the design, synthesis, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and characterization of a nanometer‐thick IL, which contains abundant fluorinated segments and a hydroxyl endgroup, as the next‐generation nano‐lubricant for hard disk drives (HDDs). The lab‐ and industry‐level testing results indicate that the IL lubricant performs significantly better than the state‐of‐the‐art lubricant, that is, perfluoropolyether (PFPE) that has been utilized for three decades in the HDD industry in two key functions: thermal stability and fly clearance. Meanwhile, the IL lubricant also shows excellent lubricity and durability. The outstanding performance of the IL has been attributed to its unique molecular structure on the solid substrate, which is supported by MD simulation results. Our work establishes the IL as a promising candidate among the next‐generation media lubricants in HDD industry. Meanwhile, the finding obtained here has important implications in many other applications involving nano‐lubricants.
A seasonal pulse of ungulate neonates influences space use by carnivores in a multi‐predator, multi‐prey system
Authors: Ruprecht Joel , Forrester Tavis D. , Jackson Nathan J. , Clark Darren A. , Wisdom Michael J. , Rowland Mary M. , Smith Joshua B. , Stewart Kelley M. , Levi Taal
Published: October 2022

The behavioral mechanisms by which predators encounter prey are poorly resolved. In particular, the extent to which predators engage in active search for prey versus incidentally encountering them has not been well studied in many systems and particularly not for neonate prey during the birth pulse. Parturition of many large herbivores occurs during a short and predictable temporal window in which young are highly vulnerable to predation. Our study aims to determine how a suite of carnivores responds to the seasonal pulse of newborn ungulates using contemporaneous global positioning system (GPS) locations of four species of predators and two species of prey. We used step‐selection functions to assess whether coyotes, cougars, black bears, and bobcats encountered parturient adult female ungulates more often than expected by chance in a low‐density population of mule deer and a high‐density population of elk. We then assessed whether the carnivore species that encountered parturient prey more often than expected by chance did so by shifting their habitat use toward areas with a high probability of encountering neonates. None of the four carnivore species encountered GPS‐collared parturient mule deer more often than expected by chance. By contrast, we determined that cougar and male bear movements positioned them in the proximity of GPS‐collared parturient elk more often than expected by chance which may provide evidence of searching behavior. Although both male bears and cougars exhibited behavior consistent with active search for neonates, only male bears used elk parturition habitat in a way that dynamically tracked the phenology of the elk birth pulse suggesting that maximizing encounters with juvenile elk was a motivation when selecting resources. Our results suggest that there is high interspecific and intersexual variability in foraging strategies among large mammalian predators and their prey.
Synthesis of Symmetrically and Unsymmetrically Substituted Cationic Diborane(4) Compounds with Distinct Structural Motifs and Properties
Authors: Filbeck Erik , Kistner Lucas , Vogler Daniel , Bučak Gasser David , Flórido Martins Lilliana , Schöner Maximilian , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: October 2022

The introduction of electron‐donating, bridging guanidinate substituents in diborane(4) compounds allows the synthesis of a variety of new cationic diborane(4) compounds. In this work, strategies for the directed synthesis of cationic di‐ and tetraboron compounds are presented, leading to the synthesis and complete characterization of several new compounds with distinct structural motifs, all exhibiting BIIatoms directly bound to each other. Hence, we report on tetracationic donor‐acceptor cyclophanes with diboron donor linkers and organic π‐acceptor units, on paddlewheel‐type cationic diboranes, and on unsymmetrically‐substituted monocationic diboranes.
Two‐Step Dealloying Approach to Synthesize Hierarchically Porous Nickel–Tin Alloy Toward Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Wensheng , Wang Weimin , Yu Bin , Tan Fuquan , Yang Wanfeng , Cheng Guanhua , Kou Tianyi , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: October 2022

Due to the high theoretical specific capacity and low cost of Sn, developing Sn‐based anode materials with long life is the key to their practical applications in lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, novel hierarchically porous NiSn alloys with interconnected ligament‐channel networks are synthesized via a two‐step dealloying strategy, involving corrosion of an Al97.5Ni2Sn0.5 precursor in NaOH, followed by partially etching Ni in HNO3. The architecture of the obtained NiSn‐3 h alloy contains the ligaments with the scale of about 115.2 nm and nanowalls with a thickness of several nanometers on the ligament surface, which can enhance the electron/ion transport kinetics and improve the tolerance to volume variation. The NiSn‐3h electrode exhibits superior Li storage performance in terms of satisfactory rate performance and excellent cycling stability with a reversible capacity of 213.9 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. More importantly, the Li storage mechanism of NiSn‐3h is unveiled by operando X‐Ray diffraction, revealing the formation of lithiation products with low crystallinity at the end of discharge. In addition, on‐line differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy is used to detect the gas evolution of the NiSn‐3h electrode during the discharge–charge processes.
Using shapely values to define subgroups of forecasts for combining
Authors: Ding Zhenni , Chen Huayou , Zhou Ligang
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes an algorithm based on the Shapley value method to select a superior subset from a group of multiple individual forecasts. The Shapley value of a forecast in a combination is an indicator that describes the contribution of the forecast to the combination, which is expressed as the function of four factors in this paper: The accuracy of the forecast, the average accuracy of other forecasts in the combination, the average degree of diversity between the forecast and other forecasts in the combination, and the average degree of diversity between any other two forecasts in the combination. Based on the Shapley value method, the order of different forecasts entering the screening process is determined and the selection algorithm is continuously executed until all the redundant forecasts have been removed from the combination. The effectiveness, superiority, and robustness of the proposed algorithm have been verified via three experiments. The results of empirical studies indicate that the combination of individual forecasts from the selected group markedly outperforms the best individual forecast and the combination of all available forecasts.
U.S. Lawsuit Claims Federal Law Can Require Emergency Abortions
Authors: Latham Stephen R.
Published: October 2022

In the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court's overruling of Roe vs. Wade, states are passing very strict antiabortion laws that the Biden administration is arguing violate the federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) because those state laws do not permit emergency life‐saving abortions that federal law says must be available to patients. The Biden administration has filed suit against Idaho to have portions of its state law invalidated, and Texas has filed suit against the Biden administration, arguing that its interpretation of EMTALA as requiring that abortions be available to patients in some emergency circumstances amounts to an unconstitutional overreach by the federal government. These suits, and others related to them, may redefine health‐related federalism in the United States.
External validation of the H‐index (host index) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Sansa Aina , Valero Cristina , Holgado Anna , Vásquez Rosselin , Quer Miquel , Patel Snehal G. , León Xavier
Published: October 2022

Background

The aim of the current study is to perform an external validation of the prognostic capacity of the H‐index in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

Retrospective study of 835 patients with HNSCC located in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx.

Results

When applying the cutoffs proposed in the original description of the H‐index (1.5 and 3.5), we observed an orderly and significant decrease in the disease‐specific survival and overall survival as H‐index increased. Additionally, we were able to observe a decrease in survival as the H‐index increased regardless of the location, the extension of the tumor or the type of treatment performed.

Conclusion

We have validated the prognostic capacity of the H‐index in patients with HNSCC regardless of the location of the primary tumor, the extent of the disease, or the type of treatment performed.
Numerical simulation of Dufour and Soret impacts on MHD Williamson nanofluid flow through an inclined surface
Authors: Dyapa Hymavathi , Kishan Naikoti
Published: October 2022

The carry‐outs of Dufour and Soret, as well as radiation, and chemical response on a non‐Newtonian MHD Williamson nanofluid flow through an inclined extended plane are discussed in this article. Keller‐box analysis is being used to explore the influence of the Williamson factor here on the fluid domain quantitatively. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are recovered from boundary flow equations using appropriate similarity transformations. These ODEs are numerically addressed. Graphs and comparisons are used to simulate and study the features of flow characteristics such as velocity, temperature, and concentration of Williamson nanofluids distributions in response to various emerging parameters. The numerical computations show that our results are in reasonable harmony with previous studies. The numerical computations revealed that for the time being, the density of the momentum fluid layers is diminishing for the values of , Le, , M, and increasing for Gc, Gr. The thickness of the thermal boundary layer is decreasing for Sr, Df, Pr, Gc, and Gr. M, , , R, N, and Le are all on the rise. The concentration profile for R, Le, Nb, Nt, Gr, Gc, and N is decreasing, while Pr, Df, Sr, M, , and are increasing.
The parental reflective functioning questionnaire: Infant version in fathers of infants and association with paternal postpartum mental health
Authors: Wendelboe Katrine Isabella , Nielsen Johanne Smith , Stuart Anne Christine , Væver Mette Skovgaard
Published: October 2022

The parents’ capacity to reflect upon the psychological processes in their child, termed parental reflective functioning (PRF) can be impaired by parental mental health problems. The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure of an infant version of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ‐I) in a low‐risk sample of 259 Danish fathers of 1–11‐month‐old infants to investigate measurement invariance of the PRFQ‐I between fathers and mothers; and to examine the association between PRF and paternal depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and parenting stress. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three‐factor model of the PRFQ‐I. Multi‐group factor analysis indicated partial measurement invariance. Multiple linear regressions showed that paternal depressive symptoms were not associated with PRF. There was an interaction effect of paternal depressive symptoms and general psychological distress on paternal interest and curiosity in their infant's mental state and certainty of infant mental state. Increased parenting stress was associated with impaired PRF on all three subscales of the PRFQ‐I. These results provide further evidence for a multidimensional, brief assessment of paternal reflective skills and insight into how variability in paternal psychological functioning relates to impaired PRF in the postpartum period.
Phytoremediation potential of rapeseed in phenanthrene‐contaminated soils under different irrigation regimes and pumice levels
Authors: Amiri Mohammad Javad , Shabani Ali , Javidi Abdollah
Published: October 2022

To evaluate the effects of irrigation regimes and pumice levels on the physiological parameters of rapeseed (Brassica napus) and phenanthrene phytoremediation efficiency, a 15‐week pot experiment was conducted in the open environment of the College of Agriculture at Fasa University. Three irrigation levels, 75%, 100% and 125% of the field capacity, I1, I2 and I3, respectively, and three pumice levels, 0%, 5% and 10% w/w soil, P0, P1 and P2, respectively, were considered. The results showed that the shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, shoot‐root ratio, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume, root length, root surface area and root length density in the I3P2 treatment increased by 25%, 35%, 22%, 35%, 19%, 24%, 19%, 21% and 19%, respectively, compared to the corresponding control (I2P0). A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms (32%) and removal of phenanthrene (74%) were achieved in I3P2 compared to I2P0. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, all physiological parameters of rapeseed had a high negative correlation with the residual phenanthrene in the soil and consequently increased its dissipation. Therefore, the rapeseed plant can be used as a practical and effective species for the phytoremediation of phenanthrene‐contaminated sites.
Ethical HIV research with transgender and non‐binary communities in the United States
Authors: Klein Augustus , Golub Sarit A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Because transgender individuals experience disproportionately high rates of HIV infection, this population is an increasing focus of epidemiological and implementation science research to combat the epidemic. However, study participants, providers and other advocates have become increasingly concerned about research practices that may alienate, objectify, exploit or even re‐traumatize the communities they are designed to benefit. This commentary explores the common pitfalls of HIV research with transgender communities and provides a potential framework for ethical, community‐engaged research practice.

Discussion

We review some of the critical challenges to HIV research with transgender and non‐binary communities that limit the potential for such studies to improve practice. For example, scales that measure stigma perceptions/experiences often include activating language, while the consistent focus in research on risk and trauma can often feel judgemental and redundant. Because of limited employment opportunities, some participants may feel undue influence by research stipends; others may perceive their participation as fuelling the larger research economy without providing research jobs to community members. Questions remain regarding optimal strategies for authentic research partnership beyond community advisory boards or focus groups. Transgender and non‐binary researchers are under‐represented and may be tokenized. Many demonstration projects provide much‐needed services that disappear when the research funding is over, and community‐based dissemination efforts are often perceived as “too little, too late” to effect change.

Conclusions

Based on this review and input from study participants across the United States, we detail six recommendations for ethical HIV research with transgender and non‐binary communities, including (1) equitable budgeting with community‐based programme partners; (2) representation in the development of both research agenda and methods; (3) integration of research activities into the ongoing work of any clinical or service site, so that individuals’ needs as “clients” can continue to be prioritized over their role as “participants;” (4) mindfully considered compensation that values the contributions of community members, but avoids undue influence; (5) transparent, community‐focused and timely communication at every stage of the study, including research purpose, data usage, preliminary findings and full‐scale results; and (6) planning for sustainability of any programme or services beyond the life of the research project.
Differentiated HIV services for transgender people in four South African districts: population characteristics and HIV care cascade
Authors: Bothma Rutendo , O'Connor Cara , Nkusi Jolie , Shiba Vusi , Segale Jacob , Matsebula Luyanda , Lawrence J. Joseph , van der Merwe L. Leigh‐Ann , Chersich Matthew , Hill Naomi
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Transgender people in South Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV, discrimination and stigma. Access to healthcare and health outcomes are poor. Although integrating gender‐affirming healthcare with differentiated HIV prevention, care and treatment services has shown improvement in HIV service uptake and health outcomes among transgender people, evidence is lacking on the implementation of differentiated service delivery models in southern Africa. This article describes a differentiated service delivery model across four South African sites and transgender individuals who access these services. We assess whether hormone therapy (HT) is associated with continued use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and viral load suppression.

Methods

In 2019, differentiated healthcare centres for transgender individuals opened in four South African districts, providing gender‐affirming healthcare and HIV services at a primary healthcare level. Routine programme data were collected between October 2019 and June 2021. Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics and engagement with HIV prevention and treatment services. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine whether HT was associated with viral load suppression and PrEP continued use.

Results

In the review period, we reached 5636 transgender individuals through peer outreach services; 86% (4829/5636) of them accepted an HIV test and 62% (3535/5636) were linked to clinical services. Among these, 89% (3130/3535) were transgender women, 5% (192/3535) were transgender men and 6% (213/3535) were gender non‐conforming individuals. Of those who received an HIV test, 14% (687/4829) tested positive and 91% of those initiated antiretroviral treatment. Viral load suppression was 75% in this cohort. PrEP was accepted by 28% (1165/4142) of those who tested negative. Five percent (161/3535) reported ever receiving HT through the public healthcare system. Service users who received HT were three‐fold more likely to achieve viral load suppression. We did not find any association between HT and continued use of PrEP.

Conclusions

A differentiated HIV and gender‐affirming service delivery model at a primary healthcare level is feasible and can enhance service access in South Africa. HT can improve HIV clinical outcomes for transgender people. As trust is established between the providers and population, uptake of HIV testing and related services may increase further.
An evaluation of nine culturally tailored interventions designed to enhance engagement in HIV care among transgender women of colour in the United States
Authors: Rebchook Gregory M. , Chakravarty Deepalika , Xavier Jessica M. , Keatley JoAnne G. , Maiorana Andres , Sevelius Jae , Shade Starley B. ,   the SPNS Transgender Women of Color Study Group
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Transgender women (TW) worldwide have a high prevalence of HIV, and TW with HIV encounter numerous healthcare barriers. It is critical to develop evidence‐informed interventions to improve their engagement in healthcare to achieve durable viral suppression (VS). We evaluated whether participation in one of nine interventions designed specifically for TW was associated with improved engagement in HIV care among transgender women of colour (TWC).

Methods

Between 2013 and 2017, nine US organizations implemented nine distinct and innovative HIV care engagement interventions with diverse strategies, including: individual and group sessions, case management and navigation, outreach, drop‐in spaces, peer support and/or incentives to engage TWC with HIV in care. The organizations enrolled 858 TWC, conducted surveys, captured intervention exposure data and extracted medical record data. Our evaluation of the interventions employed a pre‐post design and examined four outcomes—any HIV care visit, antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescription, retention in HIV care and VS (both overall and among those with a clinic visit and viral load test), at baseline and every 6 months for 24 months. We employed logistic generalized estimating equations to assess the relative odds of each outcome at 12 and 24 months compared to baseline.

Results

Overall, 79% of participants were exposed to at least one intervention activity. Over 24 months of follow‐up, participants received services for a median of over 6 hours (range: 3–69 hours/participant). Compared to baseline, significantly (p<0.05) greater odds were demonstrated at both 12 and 24 months for three outcomes: prescription of ART (ORs: 1.42 at 12 months, 1.49 at 24 months), VS among all participants (ORs: 1.49, 1.54) and VS among those with a clinic visit and viral load test (ORs: 1.53, 1.98). The outcomes of any HIV care visit and retention in HIV care had significantly greater odds (ORs: 1.38 and 1.58, respectively) only at 12 months compared to baseline.

Conclusions

These evaluation results illustrate promising approaches to improve engagement in HIV care and VS among TWC with HIV. Continued development, adaptation and scale‐up of culturally tailored HIV care interventions for this key population are necessary to meet the UNAIDS 95‐95‐95 goals.