bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The health visitor's role in supporting families with tongue-tie babies
Authors: Oakley Sarah
Published: December 2017

This article looks at what tongue-tie is, how it affects infant feeding, how it is treated and the challenges surrounding diagnosis and management. It also explores the role of the health visitor in working with families facing this issue, directing them to other sources of support and raising awareness among colleagues and those who commission and implement services.
Use of a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in a patient with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lam Michelle , Coleman Adrian
Published: December 2017

Michelle Lam and Adrian Coleman describe the case of a 49-year-old male patient with chronic kidney disease stage 2, who developed acute kidney injury secondary to an episode of euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis, following the initiation of a loop diuretic.
Will the suPAR biomarker herald the end of late CKD diagnosis?
Authors: Biela Chris
Published: December 2017

An exciting development in early disease detection using soluble urokinase type plasminogen activator receptors shows great promise in the eventual eradication of chronic kidney disease. Chris Biela examines a landmark study by Hayek et al (2015) and discusses its future implication.
Patient involvement must be a key aspect of choosing an appropriate regimen for leg ulcer management
Authors: Dowsett C.
Published: December 2017

Community leg ulcer clinics can facilitate faster median healing times (20 compared with 43 weeks, p=0.03) than standard treatment given by district nurses. If standards of venous leg ulcer care are to improve in the long term, then community delivery systems need to be evaluated in terms of healing rates, patient satisfaction, waiting times and staff attitudes.
Getting the record straight: the need for accurate documentation
Authors: Lowson S.
Published: December 2017

No organisation or profession can avoid complaints, and it is not desirable to ignore or belittle them. Some are trivial, a few obsessive or malicious, but most, if well handled, can have positive outcomes. Complaints often indicate ways in which practice or procedures can be improved or highlight matters that really concern patients’ families or carers.
The response of the corpus luteum to prostaglandin F2α injection and why it could pay to wait
Authors: Whitfield Lisa
Published: December 2017

An injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in a cow that is past its voluntary waiting period after calving is considered a cheap way to increase the submission rate of dairy cows undergoing an artificial insemination (AI) programme and has proved popular for this reason. The results of this programme, however, would be considered by most to be variable and inconsistent, with heavy reliance on the ability of farm staff to accurately detect and record oestrus in their herd, both before and after its use, being one of the key drivers of ‘success’ with this protocol. In comparison, a programme such as GPG +P4, which utilises gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (P4), as well as PGF2α, has significantly increased expense but produces more consistent results, and takes away reliance on the ability of farm staff to perform heat detection by allowing fixed time AI.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

This Cattle Review considers the clinical incidence of rumen fluke in Ireland, the economic cost of subclinical ketosis and cervicitis in dairy cows in Germany.
Spreading the word
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: December 2017

Sal McKeown talks to a Huddersfield nursery to discover how the iApps family of touch technology programs are proving a valuable learning tool for children with special educational needs.
Un compás que hace cuadrados: La escritura y la lectura en el currículum de séptimo año en Costa Rica
Authors: Ramírez Molina Catalina
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de un análisis en profundidad del documento curricular, mediante el método de redes sistémicas, de las áreas de lectura y escritura del Programa de estudios de séptimo año en Costa Rica. El propósito es conocer en primer lugar, qué contempla el texto curricular en estas dos áreas y en segundo lugar, ofrecer un contraste entre los resultados del análisis y las nuevas concepciones didácticas para la enseñanza de la lengua y la literatura. El análisis realizado revela una propuesta curricular desmantelada de conocimientos didácticos, que oriente las prácticas de escritura y lectura en secundaria. Por lo tanto, se proponen algunos cambios para una propuesta curricular que permita a la persona docente planificar una programación coherente que asegure a sus estudiantes la apropiación de una alfabetización en sintonía con el desarrollo de competencias de lectura y escritura necesarias para vivir hoy.
Chilean young learners’ perspectives on their EFL lesson in primary schools
Authors: Inostroza A. María-Jesus
Published: December 2017

Latest research in the field of applied linguists suggests that giving children a participatory and active role in the development of their foreign language skills could help teachers reveal overlooked aspects of language learning. Furthermore, challenging the role given to children in language learning research could provide useful insights about the learning processes. In this regard, little is known in the field of primary English language teaching in Latin America. In the case of Chile, the Curriculum Framework for primary English language teaching considers the relevance of children’s experiences as part of their learning process; however, reference to their active involvement in this process is still scarce. This article aims at identifying the perspectives about the English lesson of a group of fourth graders from state-funded schools in Chile. Through an exploratory study of qualitative nature, the viewpoints of 16 children are collected through semi-structured group interviews. The data from the four group interviews are interpreted by content analysis resulting into two categories, and five subcategories related to likes, dislikes, perceived value of learning English, hands-on activities and feedback. The findings suggest that given the chance, children are able to consistently reflect on their learning process and experiences. These learners pointed out preferences for hands-on activities and the relevance of opportunities for obtaining feedback as contributing experiences for successful language learning. Similarly, these results illustrate that, by considering perspectives from outside applied linguistics, researchers could uncover factors present in the language learning process.
El trabajo comunitario del profesional de Ciencias Naturales con perfil pedagógico. Experiencias de su implementación
Authors: Cárdenas Martínez José Raúl , Castillo Estenoz Micaela , Rodríguez Frade Greidy , Almaguer Suárez María Angelina , Díaz Garriz Diana Rosa
Published: December 2017

En la actualidad, las investigaciones dirigidas a la formación del profesional de Ciencias Naturales, con perfil pedagógico en el contexto cubano, generalmente se orientan a lo académico en detrimento del trabajo comunitario. A partir de la detección de necesidades asociadas al manejo sostenible de especies exóticas invasoras, la educación nutricional, la prevención del consumo de drogas, la utilización de las plantas y la equidad de género, en vínculo con el proceso educativo y los contextos de actuación del docente, se direccionó una línea de investigación del proyecto del departamento de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Este artículo presenta los resultados de la implementación de un proyecto comunitario en la comunidad “Vista Hermosa”, las acciones se desarrollaron como parte del plan de práctica laboral de los docentes de las carreras del área, en el período comprendido de septiembre de 2015 a octubre de 2016. Se empleó un enfoque mixto, se trabajó con una muestra conformada por 257 actores en las acciones de trabajo comunitario. En la recopilación y análisis de los datos se utilizó la observación participante, la entrevista en profundidad, encuesta, la triangulación de fuentes, el cálculo porcentual y tablas de frecuencia. Se confirmaron transformaciones favorables superiores al 80%, se destaca  el nivel de actualización de los temas abordados y su utilización en la vida, así como el aporte del trabajo comunitario a la formación del profesional de la educación. Persisten carencias en cuanto a la integración social de todos los actores en la transformación de la comunidad
Cultura y sociedad: Próspero Calderón y su legado para las artes, letras y publicaciones costarricenses
Authors: Sánchez Zumbado Jimena
Published: December 2017

Próspero Calderón (1862-1934) será el primer costarricense que se dedique a la profesión de editor; así mismo será fotógrafo, docente, diseñador y precursor de las Artes gráficas en el país. Bajo sus ideales de promoción de la cultura, se propone como objetivo general de esta investigación el demostrar la importancia de la figura de Próspero Calderón Hernández como actor fundamental en el desarrollo cultural costarricense de finales del s. XIX y principios del s. XX, especialmente por medio de sus revistas Páginas Ilustradas y Costa Rica Ilustrada, sin dejar de lado sus otras contribuciones a la sociedad por medio del arte y la docencia. El planteamiento del problema se origina en la premisa de la importancia del estudio y reflexión sobre la vida y obra de los hombres y mujeres que determinaron nuevos caminos hacia el avance de la educación y la cultura de los países centroamericanos en su tránsito del s.XIX al s.XX. Se utilizó la Metodología Histórica –conocida también como Investigación Histórica- y sus diferentes etapas. En sus pasos, permite la ubicación de hechos históricos mediante la búsqueda de fuentes –etapa heurística-, su organización de forma cronológica y síntesis histórica –etapa hermenéutica- hasta su final análisis y reflexión crítica. De la misma forma se recurrió cuando fue oportuno a sub-métodos como el cronológico, el geográfico y el etnográfico. Finalmente y a la luz de los hechos encontrados, relacionados y contrastados, se plantean una serie de reflexiones que reafirman la importancia y objetivo desde los que se planteó esta investigación.
Análisis de desigualdades en el trato adecuado en las Unidades de Atención Primaria de los Servicios Estatales de Salud de México
Authors: Díaz de León Castañeda Christian
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: Analizar desigualdades en el trato adecuado en la atención a pacientes sin seguridad social que utilizan servicios de salud ambulatorios en las Unidades de Atención Primaria (UAP) de los servicios estatales de salud de la Secretaría de Salud, en México. Métodos: Se trata de un diseño transversal y ecológico que plantea como unidades de análisis las entidades federativas de México. Se utilizaron datos de tiempo de espera y percepción de calidad en la atención que reportaron los usuarios en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT) 2012.  Se plantearon algunos Indicadores de Trato Adecuado (ITA), y se calcularon indicadores de desigualdad sugeridos en la literatura. Asimismo, se recopilaron de la literatura Indicadores Proxy de Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (IPDSS) con fines de analizar la posible asociación entre ITA e IPDSS a través de análisis de correlación y regresión (índice de efecto). Resultados: Se identificaron desigualdades en los ITA planteados entre las entidades federativas de México, principalmente en los indicadores de tiempo de espera (disparidad absoluta 52.7 min y disparidad relativa 1.9 para la media estatal en tiempo de espera). Asimismo, se identificaron asociaciones significativas entre ITA e IPDSS.  Particularmente, se encontró asociación entre todos los ITA propuestos y la tasa estatal de UAP, aunque con débil índice de efecto. Conclusiones: Persisten desigualdades en el trato adecuado durante la prestación de servicios ambulatorios a población sin seguridad social. Es necesario trabajar más en subsanar desigualdades y promover la equidad en salud.
Paralysis and parasitisation potential of Bracon hebetor on various Lepidopteran hosts
Authors: Muslim Mohammad , Ansari M. Shafiq , Hasan Fazil
Published: December 2017

Bracon hebetor is a Lepidopteran parasitoid which is used in IPM program as biological control agents. Corcyra cephalonica is fictitious host for mass rearing of B. hebetor in laboratory, rest hosts reared on their respective hosts i.e. Corcyra cephalonica, Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia kuehniella were reared on wheat flour, Galleria mellonella on its artificial diet, Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea pods, Earias vitella on okra fruits, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera littoralis on castor leaves. The results of this study showed that the paralysis and parasitisation potential of B. hebetor were found higher on C. cephalonica followed by G. mellonella, E. kuehniella, P. interpunctella while it was shortest on S. litura and S. littoralis.
Path analysis for quality traits in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Toppo HemantLovely , Sharma R. N. , Thakur A.
Published: December 2017

The present experiment was conducted during November 2014–March 2015. The experiment was done to estimate the variability and character association of different qualitative characters on seed yield of 29 field pea genotypes in a randomised complete block design (RCBD). The analysis of variance revealed that the sufficient variability was present in the material studied for almost all the qualitative characters. Among the different quality parameters the moderate genotypic coefficient of variation was for swelling index. Among the quality parameter, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was not recorded for any quality character indicating non-significant additive genetic variance in genetic control of these traits. The correlation analysis revealed that seed yield plant-1 exhibited a significant positive association with protein at genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis for seed yield and its components showed that protein content had the negligible positive direct effect on seed yield. Direct selection for quality characters would likely not be effective in increasing or decreasing seed yield in field pea.
“YEA” or “NAY” in Psychology Science: An Analysis of the Postmodern Nature of Performing Psychology
Authors: Zhu Xingguo , Yin Jianjun , Harris Tracy
Published: December 2017

Since becoming an independent subject, psychology has portrayed itself as a strict science on the way to the development of natural science. Because of breaking away from the social cultural and historical background of human life, scientific psychology is being questioned. In the doubt, non scientific psychology which is closer to social life and can adapt to the human need emerges as the times require. Performance psychology developing from social therapy insists on a new cultural-performatory approach to understanding human life, making psychology research return to life and helping people to restart their development. Non-epistemology, non-diagnosis and non-adaptability are the essential embodiment of performing psychology from the natural science to the post-modern humanities.
THE INFLUENCE OF DOLOMITE GIVING ON INDIGENOUS BACTERIA NITROGEN INHIBITOR IN TIDAL SOIL HAS BEEN MANAGE FOR OVER 30 YEARS
Authors: Ridwan Rahmawati , Budianta Dedik , Widjajanti Hary
Published: December 2017

The study was conducted to determine the effect of land typology and lime on the population of indigenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria and soil pH, and to analyze the effect of soil typology interaction and lime on the population of indigenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria and soil pH. Sampling of soil in tidal land of Mulya Sari and Banyu Urip Village of Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera. Then the sample was studied at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sriwijaya, Inderalaya. During January-May 2017. Based on the results of the study known the soil typology of the total population of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the highest population of nitrogen inhibitor bacteria in the second week of soil typology D was 6.0x107 and the highest pH of 5.18 in typology B on week Third, the lime treatment that affected the population of indigenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria, obtained the population of bacteria as much as 9.3x105 in the second week and the highest soil pH 4.93 in the second week, while the results of the interaction between soil typology and lime treatment only affect the population of bacterial inhibitor Indigenous nitrogen, with bacterial population of 3.5x107 in soil typology D in the second week, but this interaction did not significantly affect soil pH, with the highest pH measurement of 5.33 on the soil typology D.Keywords: nitrogen-fixing bacteria, tidal land, lime treatment
JENIS UMPAN DAN BENTUK PERANGKAP PLASTIK YANG EFEKTIF UNTUK MENANGKAP RAJUNGAN (Efective Bait and Plastic Trap Shape in Catching Swimming Crab)
Authors: Puspito Gondo
Published: December 2017

Tiga puluh perangkap plastik dioperasikan untuk menangkap rajungan di perairan Palabuhanratu. Operasi penangkapan dilakukan sebanyak 16 kali pada kedalaman perairan ± 20 m dengan jenis substrat dasar berupa pasir berlumpur. Bentuk perangkap terdiri atas kubah, limas terpancung, dan balok. Adapun 2 jenis umpan yang digunakan adalah cucut (Rhinodon typicus) dan tembang (Sardinella spp.). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi jenis rajungan yang tertangkap, jenis umpan yang disukai rajungan dan bentuk perangkap yang paling efektif menangkap rajungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi hasil tangkapan terdiri atas 249 rajungan bintang (Portunus sanguinolentus), 2 rajungan karang (Charybdis feriatus), dan 2 rajungan badak (Portunus pelagicus). Umpan cucut lebih disukai rajungan bintang dibandingkan dengan tembang. Umpan cucut menghasilkan 136 rajungan bintang dan umpan tembang 113 menghasilkan rajungan bintang. Perangkap berbentuk kubah menangkap 103 rajungan bintang. Perangkap berbentuk kubah lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan perangkap berbentuk limas terpancung dan balok.

Kata kunci: umpan, bentuk perangkap plastik, rajungan
DISTRIBUSI DAN KARAKTERISTIK NELAYAN ANDON ASAL KABUPATEN/KOTA DI SULAWESI SELATAN (Distribution and Characteristics of Temporary Fishermen (Andon) From District/City in South Sulawesi)
Authors: Ihsan . , Sulaiman Muhammad
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Temporary fishermen (andon) do their catching activity outside his home area to increase production and productivity of their catch. This study aims to determine the distribution and characteristics of temporary fishermen (andon) from district / city in South Sulawesi. The data collected consisted of primary and secondary data. Temporary fishermen (andon) are fishermen fishing outside his home region, either temporary or fixed within a certain time, then returned to their home areas. Temporary fishermen (andon) consists of two types, namely not settled and not fixed. Consideration fishermen do andon due to the decreased of availability of fish in their home area, and the factor of the fishing season. The Andon Fisherman provides employment opportunities for local fishermen, increase revenue for the local region, increase fish production of the region. Andon fisherman spend their money more so that it can stimulate the economy of local communities.
Key words: andon fisherman, characteristics, distribution, local fishermen

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ABSTRAK
Nelayan andon melakukan aktifitas penangkapan diluar daerah asalnya untuk meningkatkan produksi dan produktifitas hasil tangkapannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan karakteristik nelayan andon asal kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Selatan. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Nelayan andon adalah nelayan yang melakukan penangkapan ikan diluar daerah asalnya baik secara tetap maupun tidak dalam kurung waktu tertentu, lalu kembali daerah asalnya. Nelayan andon terdiri dari dua jenis yakni nelayan andon tidak menetap dan nelayan andon tidak tetap. Pertimbangan nelayan melakukan andon karena ketersediaan ikan di daerah asalnya
STUDI MENGENAI PROSES TERTANGKAPNYA DAN TINGKAH LAKU IKAN TERHADAP GILLNET MILLENNIUM DI PERAIRAN BONDET, CIREBON (Studies on Capture Process and Fish Behavior towards Millennium Gillnet in Bondet Waters, Cirebon)
Authors: Haluan Carolina C. Rakhmadevi , Purbayanto Ari , Sondita M. Fedi A
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The millennium gillnet was recently adopted by Cirebon fishermen. Its use has been spread to other areas. Research on this type of gear is rare. The objectives of this research were: to investigate the effects of transparency on the fish behavior towards net panel of millennium gillnet; and to obtain the information on catch composition and the capture process of millennium gillnet. This research consisted of laboratory experiment and experimental fishing. The first objective was conducted in the laboratory experiment from August 2005 to March 2006 at Fish Behavior Laboratory, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology. The second objective was carried out in October to November 2006 in waters off Cirebon. This study concludes that: net transparency affected the Japanese Jack mackerel behavior towards contrast color net panel; the reduced transparency caused by the length of usage was not significant; catch of millennium gillnet in the field dominated by threadfins (71.29%) and the other catch were by-catch; and capture process of millennium gillnet dominated by gilled and wedged.
Keywords: fish behavior, millennium gillnet, capture process, catch composition, contrast color

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ABSTRAK
Gillnet milenium baru-baru ini telah diadopsi oleh nelayan Cirebon. Penggunaannya telah menyebar ke daerah lain. Penelitian pada jenis alat tangkap ini masih jarang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyelidiki pengaruh transparansi terhadap tingkah laku ikan pada panel jaring gillnet
PERUBAHAN GILLNETTER MENJADI TROLL LINER DI PPN PALABUHANRATU (Changes of Gillnetter into Troll Liner in PPN Palabuhanratu)
Authors: Budiarti Tri Wahyu
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Fishing fleet in Palabuhanratu, especially for big pelagic fish such as tuna has shown increasing significantly since 2008. This is caused by implementation of rumpon (fish aggregating device) technology that makes fishing activities more efficient due to more exactly fishing ground. This condition made some gillnet fisherman modify their boat to troller that considered having high ability to catch tuna. The aimed of the research was to determine parts of gillnetter that can be modified to be operated as troller. The result showed that only upper parts of gillnetter that had significant modification to be operated as troller. Some upper part was reduced, the roof was eliminated and fish hold was added from 2 to 3 rooms. A little addition of buildings was constructed at the bow and new engine mounting was constructed as well to reach appropriate speed.
Key words: gillnetter, modification, Palabuhanratu, troller

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ABSTRAK
Armada penangkapan ikan pelagis besar, khususnya perikanan tuna, di Palabuhanratu mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat sejak tahun 2008. Ini dikarenakan adanya penerapan teknologi rumpon. Penggunaan alat bantu ini menyebabkan biaya operasi penangkapan ikan menjadi rendah, karena daerah penangkapan tuna sudah tertentu, yaitu di sekitar rumpon. Untuk meningkatkan jumlah tangkapan
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN MUTU PADA INDUSTRI PENANGKAPAN IKAN (Implementation of Quality Management on Fishing Industry)
Authors: Nurani Tri Wiji , Wisudo Sugeng Hari , Imron Mohammad
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAK
The Indonesian government has already paid high attention to the quality assurance of fishery products. It can be seen from the legislation and policies that have been established. In a Ministry of Marine Affari Regulation (Kepmen KP 01/MEN/2007) clearly stated that the quality assurance requirements and food safety of fishery products, start from the production, processing and distribution. Meanwhile, fisherman understanding of the qualityof fish product is still low. This study was conducted to assess the implementation of Kepmen KP 01/MEN/2007 in the fishing industry. Analysis of the the implementation of the quality elements refers to “The Aplication of the guidelines of PMMT based on the conception HACCP” (Dirjen Perikanan Tangkap, 1999). The results showed that the implementation of quality management system according Kepmen KP 01/MEN/2007 on fishing vessels in Palabuhanratu fishing port wasstill dificult to implement. In small vessels, factors that wascause the difficulty of implementation wasthe limited space of fishing boat and knowledge of fisherman. While in the long line and trolling, structural requirements, the feasibility of the ship and regristation of ship has already implemented, but related to hygiene and handling of fish on board have not implemented properly.
Key words: fishing industry, implementation of quality management, Kepmen 01/MEN/2007, PPN
Palabuhanratu

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ABSTRAK
Keberpihakan pemerintah terhadap jaminan mutu pada produk hasil perikanan sudah cukup tinggi, terlihat dari peraturan perundang-undangan ataupun kebijakan-kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan. Pada Kepmen 01/MEN/2007 tersirat dengan jelas persyaratan jaminan mutu dan keamanan pangan produk-produk perikanan, mulai dari proses produksi, pengolahan dan distribusi. Sementara itu pemahaman mengenai mutu ikan di tingkat nelayan sebagai pelaku utama industri penangkapan ikan masih rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat sejauhmana implementasi dari Kepmen 01/MEN/2007 pada industri penangkap ikan.Analisis kesesuaian implementasi unsur-unsur manajemen mutudilakukan dengan mengacu pada ”Pedoman Penerapan PMMT Berdasarkan Konsepsi HACCP” (Dirjen Perikanan Tangkap 1999). Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penerapan atau implementasi manajemen mutu sesuai Kepmen No.01/Men/2007pada kapal penangkap ikan di PPN Palabuhanratu masih sulit untuk diimplementasikan. Pada kapal berukuran kecil, keterbatasan ruang dan keterbatasan pengetahuan ABK, menjadi faktor sulitnya implementasi, sPersyaratan struktur dan kelayakan kapal serta registrasi sudah diimplementasikan pada kapallongline dan pancing tonda, gistra.Namun terkait dengan higiene kapal dan penanganan masih belum diimplementasikan dengan baik.

Kata kunci: industri penangkapan
DINAMIKA PERIKANAN KERAPU DI TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA (Grouper Fishery Dynamics in Karimunjawa National Park)
Authors: Yulianto Irfan , Wiryawan Budy , Taurusman Am Azbas , Wahyuningrum Prihatin I. , Kurniawati Vita R.
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTKarimunjawa National Park is one of the national parks that have the objective to maintain fish populations in the Java Sea, where one of them is grouper. Grouper is one of the target fish in the national park. The objective of this study is to assess the conditions and dynamics of the grouper fishery in Karimunjawa National Park. Fish landing surveys were conducted to collect the data. Fishing gear types, grouper species, and weight of each species were collected. Calculation of Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) per month and two-way ANOVA statistical tests were used for data analysis. Results of this study indicated that catches of grouper using speargun was significantly higher than the catch using handline. There was a seasonal cycle of the grouper catch, where the value of the highest CPUE occurred in transitional season between the west and east monsoon season, from March to May.Key words: CPUE, grouper fishery, Karimunjawa National Park-------ABSTRAKTaman Nasional Karimunjawa merupakan salah satu taman nasional yang salah satu tujuannya untuk mempertahankan populasi ikan di Laut Jawa, dimana salah satunya adalah perikanan kerapu. Ikan kerapu merupakan salah satu target penangkapan di perairan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kondisi dan dinamika perikanan kerapu di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Survei pendaratan ikan dilakukan untuk pengumpulan data. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk menangkap ikan kerapu, jenis hasil tangkapan, dan berat masing-masing jenis hasil tangkapan setiap trip. Perhitungan nilai Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) setiap bulan dan uji statistik two ways ANOVA digunakan untuk analisis data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan ikan kerapu dengan menggunakan speargun lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata secara statistik dibandingkan hasil tangkapan dengan menggunakan pancing. Terdapat siklus musiman hasil tangkapan, dimana nilai CPUE tertinggi terjadi pada musim peralihan antara musim barat dan musim timur yakni dari bulan Maret hingga Mei.Kata kunci: CPUE, perikanan kerapu, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa
Use of Predators for the Biological control of Eriosoma lanigerum (wooly apple aphids) on apple
Authors: Nepal Jyotsna , Ghimire Bikal
Published: December 2017

Due to increase demand of organic products, biological control methods have gained interest all over the world. Eriosoma lanigerum, commonly known as Wooly apple aphid, is a serious pest of apple. The negative impacts of pesticides on environment and human life make Biological control an important model in the control of the Wooly apple aphid. Some of the biological control agents that have been used in the control of this pest are predators, parasitoids, nectar of flowers etc. The role of the parasitoid Aphelinus mali in the biological control of wooly aphid has been studied by many researchers and found that use of parasitoids Aphelinus mali is not effective when they attack WAA solely in apple orchards. However, efficiency of use of Aphelinus mali in control of WAA is higher when these parasitoids are used along with natural predators (Gontijo, 2011).In recent days, there has been increasing use of predators for the control of aphids. This review focuses on some of the mostly used predators like syrphids, lacewings, earwigs etc. and their role in WAA management. This review focuses on the feeding habits of predators used as biocontrol agents against WAA as well as the occurrence time of these predators before their integration in management practices. Also; this review provides insight into the integration of predators along with other natural enemies for productive control of WAA. This review can be source of information for producers, as well as researchers who are focusing on organic production of apples and integrated wooly aphid management.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 410-414
A Biomass Upscale System for the Marine Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima and the Production of Bioactive Lipophilic Toxins
Authors: Varkitzi Ioanna , Pagou Kalliopi , Pyrgaki Christina , Hatzianestis Ioannis
Published: December 2017

Biotechnological applications of toxic marine dinoflagellates include seafood safety and biomedical, pharmaceutical and research purposes of their toxins among other bioproducts and bioactive compounds that they produce. The supply of sufficient quantities of phycotoxins for investigational uses remains in demand. Some of these toxins, available in small amounts, are quite expensive while their chemical synthesis is complex and costly. However, some quantities of these toxins could be produced with mass cultures of the appropriate dinoflagellates, which are however difficult to handle. Prorocentrum lima is a cosmopolitan marine dinoflagellate, which synthesizes toxins that cause a diarrheic syndrome to humans through the consumption of contaminated shellfish and fish (Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning, DSP). The aim of this study was to design and develop a biomass upscale system for the production of the lipophilic toxins okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin 1 (DTX1) from the produced biomass of Prorocentrum lima. In our study, P. lima was grown in large scale semi-continuous cultures under controlled laboratory conditions. The maximum biomass produced was 20690 cells/mL. Maximum toxin production was 63.66 ng/mL for OA and 8.07 ng/mL for DTX1. Toxin quota in P. lima cells was 88.7% OA and 11.3% DTX1. The produced culture volume was 300 L and the total volume capacity of the upscale system could reach 500 L.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 479-485
A Case Study on Ascites of Hepatic Origin and Their Proper Management in a Male German Shepherd Dog
Authors: Regmi Bharata , Shah Manoj Kumar
Published: December 2017

A male German shepherd dog of 11 months was presented to HART Clinic, Pokhara with the history of abdominal swelling, respiratory distress, lethargy, anorexia and weakness. Physical examination revealed dyspnea, pale mucous membrane, and undulating movement (thrills) of fluid on tapping the abdomen. Fecal sample collected for assessing the severity of endoparasites which was found negative. The hematological study showed an increase in numbers of neutrophils, while there were decreased erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration. The biochemical analysis resulted in an elevated SGOT, SGPT level but decrease in total protein level. Ascitic fluid collected from abdominal paracentesis on examination revealed transudate fluid with serum-albumin ascetic gradient (SAAG) >1.1 gm/dl suggesting ascites due to portal hypertension (96% accuracy) caused by Liver cirrhosis. The dog was diagnosed as ascites of hepatic origin resulting portal hypertension and hypoproteinemia. The abdominocentesis was performed to drain the ascetic fluid followed by albumin and normal saline administration. The dog was further treated with antibiotic, diuretic, amino acid and liver tonics along with protein rich but salt free diet. The dog showed remarkable improvement with gradual reduced in abdominal distention and normalization of the appetite after 7 days of treatment.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 555-558
Effect of Seed Priming on Maize in the Western Hills of Nepal
Authors: Koirala Keshab Babu
Published: December 2017

With a view to identify the effect of seed priming technology on maize in the western hills of Nepal, five different varieties of maize including farmers' local were tested during summer seasons of 2004 at three sites of Gorkha, Palpa and Myagdi districts using mother-baby scheme with primed and non-primed treatments. Results of mother trials combined over locations revealed that primed treatments silked three days earlier and matured six days prior to non-primed counterparts. Significant increase in grain yield, average of 11.6% and maximum of 27.8% was recorded. Farmers' response in baby trials combined over locations showed that plant stand after germination in primed treatment was found better as reported by 80% of the respondents. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 470-478
Activities of in vitro laboratory of National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
Authors: Ansari Israque Hossain , Hasan Mizanul , Azim Mohammad Anwar Ul , Khatun Sakera , Rashid Haroun Or , Hossain Zakir , Mamun Mustafa
Published: December 2017

The in vitro laboratory of radioimmunoassay (RIA) Division is designed to provide clinical diagnostic service (e.g. hormone assay) and also to facilitate research works related to radioimmunoassay. The in-vitro laboratory is situated at the 9th floor of  block-D of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Presently the invitro division of National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) has 18 man powers including doctors, radiochemists, officers, technologists and other laboratory staffs. The equipments used for RIA in in vitro laboratory are gamma counter, micropipettes, centrifuge, magnetic separators, vortex mixture, incubator/water bath, stirrers, deep freezer, refrigerator, pH Meter, analytical balance, test tubes and laboratory glassware etc.A large number of samples are analyzed by the RIA Lab each week. In the year 2013 - 2014 (1st July 2013 – 30th June 2014), a total of 100 assays were done. A total of 25135 samples were assayed by RIA/IRMA in the in vitro lab. Results are reported on every Monday and Thursday of the week.After careful consideration of the local infrastructure, robustness and cost of nuclear and non-nuclear assays, it is likely that RIA methodology will be the main workhorse of routine laboratory diagnostic services of NINMAS.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 64-68, January 2015
Clinical Training for Medical Physicist: Implementation Experience in Bangladesh
Authors: Quadir Kamila Afroj
Published: December 2017

It is very important that the medical physicists working in hospitals need to be clinically trained.Bangladesh was the first RCA member to implement clinical training programme based on the guide-book for medical physicists specializing in nuclear medicine developed by International Atomic Energy Agency. A National Program was established and Bangladesh Medical Physics Association agreed to be the Professional Body for accreditation. The 2 years pilot to test the effectiveness of the guidebook was successfully finished. The Clinical Training for medical physicists specializing in nuclear medicine improved the capabilities of the Physicits’. A sustainable accreditation structure is in place. The objective of the program was to set up an infrastructure to operate an independent and sustainable accreditation programme that is recognized by all in Bangladesh and to test out the effectiveness of the guidebook in providing clinical training to medical physicists specializing in nuclear medicine.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 69-72, January 2015
A Panel Data Analysis of Jordan’s Foreign Trade: The Gravity Model Approach
Authors: Abu-Lila Ziad Mohammed
Published: December 2017

This study aims to identify the most important factors affecting the flow of Jordanian foreign trade, with its main trading partners for the period (1995-2016). To achieve this objective, the gravity model was adopted using a random effects model. The empirical findings show that Jordan’s foreign trade is positively determined by Jordan’s RGDP and dummy variable that used to capture the effect of a common border with Jordan. On the other side, distance and similarity index are found to be  significant factors in influencing Jordanian foreign trade negatively. Finally, the study found that the RGDP of trade partner and bilateral real exchange rate are not statistically significant. empirical evidence linking bank customers’ participation in financial ads to their attitude. Managerially, this study informs bank managers regarding effective management of financial advert contents in order to influence bank customer’s attitude towards financial adverts.
The Quality of Mainstreaming in Preschool: The Views of Parents of Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Kayhan Nilay , Ozaydin Latife
Published: December 2017

Down syndrome (DS), one of the developmental (cognitive) deficits, is the most common syndrome that arises from genetic disorders. The mothers of children with DS who encounter the most intense emotional situations since the tendency to take responsibility the children’s care and development usually belongs them. Among these intensive feelings, mothers are also responsible for providing needs, such as special education support, searching for a suitable preschool institution to accept their children, and access to specialists who can understand their medical needs. This case study aims to investigate the opinions of the mothers whose children with DS aged between 36-72 months were attending preschool. The data were collected using semi-structured interview techniques in three different preschool institutions where the mainstreaming was carried out in the district center of Gaziantep, Şahinbey. Interviews were conducted with five mothers whose DS children went to the preschool institution in the spring semester during 2015-2106 academic year. Descriptive and content qualitative analyses were used to analyze the data. The findings regarding the opinions of the mothers of DS children on the quality of the mainstreaming practices revealed the following salient themes: Early experiences before mainstreaming, quality of mainstreaming at preschool and inclusion. The findings showed that inclusion practices have not been adopted in mainstreaming practices in our country; therefore, the most reliable sources mothers preferred to follow was the experienced families who had children with DS in the preschool.
Spacecraft surface charging induced by severe environments at geosynchronous orbit
Authors: Matéo‐Vélez J.‐C. , Sicard A. , Payan D. , Ganushkina N. , Meredith N. P. , Sillanpäa I.
Published: December 2017

Severe and extreme surface charging on geosynchronous spacecraft is examined through the analysis of 16 years of data from particles detectors on‐board the Los Alamos National Laboratory spacecraft. Analysis shows that high spacecraft frame potentials are correlated with 10 to 50 keV electron fluxes, especially when these fluxes exceed 1 × 108 cm−2 s−1 sr−1. Four criteria have been used to select severe environments: 1) large flux of electrons with energies above 10 keV, 2) large fluxes of electrons with energies below 50 keV and above 200 keV, 3) large flux of electrons with energies below 50 keV and low flux with energies above 200 keV, and 4) long periods of time with a spacecraft potential below ‐ 5 kV. They occur preferentially during either geomagnetic storms or intense isolated substorms, during the declining phase of the solar cycle, during equinox seasons and close to midnight local time. The set of anomalies reported in Choi et al. (2011) is concomitant with a new database constructed from these events. The worst‐case environments exceed the spacecraft design guidelines by up to a factor of 10 for energies below 10 keV. They are fitted with triple Maxwellian distributions in order to facilitate their use by spacecraft designers as alternative conditions for the assessment of worst‐case surface charging.
Conditional Standard Errors of Measurement
Authors: Tong Ye , Kolen Michael J.
Published: December 2017

Errors of measurement for test scores generally are viewed as random and unpredictable. Conditional standard errors of measurement (SEMs) index the amount of error in the measurement process and are required to be reported for tests. Methods of estimating conditional SEMs, based on classical test theory, item response theory, and generalizability theory, are described in this entry. These methods are based on differing assumptions, but the conditional SEMs estimates obtained from these methods are commonly highly related for educational achievement tests.
Kernel Density Estimation
Authors: Scott David W.
Published: December 2017

The probability density function is a fundamental concept in statistics. Density estimation is the reconstruction of the density function from a set of observed data. A well‐constructed density estimate can give valuable indication of such features as skewness and multimodality in the underlying density function.
Q‐Learning
Authors: Laber Eric B. , Rose Eric J. , Davidian Marie , Tsiatis Anastasios A.
Published: December 2017

Q‐learning is a regression‐based approximate dynamic programming algorithm that is commonly used to estimate sequences of decision rules that maximizes mean utility when applied to the population of interest. Because Q‐learning is based on fitting a series of regression models, it is (i) highly configurable in the sense that these regression models can be chosen to be parametric, semiparametric, or nonparametric; and (ii) extensible to settings with censored, high‐dimensional, or missing data. This entry reviews Q‐learning for decision problems evolving over a finite time horizon including a brief review of open questions and active lines of research.
Nonclinical Statistics
Authors: Altan Stan , Geys Helena , Kuhn Max , LeBlond David , Peterson John
Published: December 2017

Nonclinical Statistics is an area of statistical application specific to the pharmaceutical industry. The applications are limited to scientific and engineering studies not involving human subjects. It comprises three major areas of the pharmaceutical drug development process: (i) Discovery/Pharmacology, (ii) Nonclinical Drug Safety/Toxicology assessments, and (iii) Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC). The Discovery/Pharmacology studies are mainly concerned with chemical identification and biological properties of potentially therapeutically active compounds (New Molecular Entity, NME). Nonclinical Drug Safety/Toxicology studies aim to characterize toxicity and systemic effects in animal andin vitromodels of the NME. CMC studies aim to formulate the NME into a drug product that has good drug performance characteristics (shelf stability, human absorption, and metabolism). The nonclinical statistical applications cover the entire time span of the drug development process, and play a key role in decision‐making, assessing risks, and making more efficient the drug development process. Much of the application area is subject to compendial and regulatory rules. The tools that are important to the nonclinical statistician include linear and nonlinear modeling, categorical methods, experimental design with emphasis on optimization, Hierarchical Bayesian methodologies and Principal Components analysis.
Fabrication of Au25(SG)18–ZIF‐8 Nanocomposites: A Facile Strategy to Position Au25(SG)18 Nanoclusters Inside and Outside ZIF‐8
Authors: Luo Yucheng , Fan Shiyan , Yu Wenqian , Wu Zili , Cullen David A. , Liang Chaolun , Shi Jianying , Su Chengyong
Published: December 2017

Multifunctional composite materials are currently highly desired for sustainable energy applications. A general strategy to integrate atomically precise Au25(SG)18 with ZIF‐8 (Zn(MeIm)2, MeIm = 2‐methylimidazole), is developed via the typical Zn‐carboxylate type of linkage. Au25(SG)18 are uniformly encapsulated into a ZIF‐8 framework (Au25(SG)18@ZIF‐8) by coordination‐assisted self‐assembly. In contrast, Au25(SG)18 integrated by simple impregnation is oriented along the outer surface of ZIF‐8 (Au25(SG)18/ZIF‐8). The porous structure and thermal stability of these nanocomposites are characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isothermal analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis. The distribution of Au25(SG)18 in the two nanocomposites is confirmed by electron microscopy, and the accessibility of Au25(SG)18 is evaluated by the 4‐nitrophenol reduction reaction. The as‐prepared nanocomposites retain the high porosity and thermal stability of the ZIF‐8 matrix, while also exhibiting the desired catalytic and optical properties derived from the integrated Au25(SG)18 nanoclusters (NCs). Au25(SG)18@ZIF‐8 with isolated Au25 sites is a promising heterogenous catalyst with size selectivity imparted by the ZIF‐8 matrix. The structural distinction between Au25(SG)18@ZIF‐8 and Au25(SG)18/ZIF‐8 determines their different emission features, and provides a new strategy to adjust the optical behavior of Au25(SG)18 for applications in bioimaging and biotherapy.