bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of the Hsm3 Protein Function in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae NuB4 Complex
Authors: Evstyukhina Tatiyana A. , Alekseeva Elena A. , Fedorov Dmitriy V. , Peshekhonov Vyacheslav T. , Korolev Vladimir G.
Published: July 2021

In the nuclear compartment of yeast, NuB4 core complex consists of three proteins, Hat1, Hat2, and Hif1, and interacts with a number of other factors. In particular, it was shown that NuB4 complex physically interacts with Hsm3p. Early we demonstrated that the gene HSM3 participates in the control of replicative and reparative spontaneous mutagenesis, and that hsm3Δ mutants increase the frequency of mutations induced by different mutagens. It was previously believed that the HSM3 gene controlled only some minor repair processes in the cell, but later it was suggested that it had a chaperone function with its participation in proteasome assembly. In this work, we analyzed the properties of three hsm3Δ, hif1Δ, and hat1Δ mutants. The results obtained showed that the Hsm3 protein may be a functional subunit of NuB4 complex. It has been shown that hsm3- and hif1-dependent UV-induced mutagenesis is completely suppressed by inactivation of the Polη polymerase. We showed a significant role of Polη for hsm3-dependent mutagenesis at non-bipyrimidine sites (NBP sites). The efficiency of expression of RNR (RiboNucleotid Reducase) genes after UV irradiation in hsm3Δ and hif1Δ mutants was several times lower than in wild-type cells. Thus, we have presented evidence that significant increase in the dNTP levels suppress hsm3- and hif1-dependent mutagenesis and Polη is responsible for hsm3- and hif1-dependent mutagenesis.
Influences of Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation on Stress Responses during Short-Duration Sleep Cycles: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yogi Wakako , Tsukada Mana , Sato Yosuke , Izuno Takuji , Inoue Tatsuki , Tsunokawa Yoshiki , Okumo Takayuki , Hisamitsu Tadashi , Sunagawa Masataka
Published: July 2021

Lavender essential oil (LEO) was reported to improve sleep quality. We investigated the influence of aromatherapy by testing the effects of LEO on stress responses during a short-duration sleep in a single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. The subjects were twelve healthy adults who were nonsmokers without any known disease and who were not prescribed medications, and nine of these completed the study. After the subjects had fallen asleep, they were sprayed with LEO using an aroma diffuser. Before and after 90 min of sleep, α-amylase, chromogranin A (CgA), and cortisol levels in saliva were measured as objective stress indicators, and the Japanese version of the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist was used as a subjective indicator. A comparison of changes before and after sleep, with and without LEO, revealed that the cortisol level did not significantly change; however, α-amylase (p < 0.05) and CgA (p < 0.01) levels significantly decreased after LEO inhalation. A mood test indicated no change in mood before and after sleep, with or without LEO. Since α-amylase and CgA reflect the sympathetic nervous system response, these results indicate that LEO aromatherapy during a short-duration sleep cycle suppresses the stress response, especially that of the sympathetic nervous system.
Modeling and Predicting the Cell Migration Properties from Scratch Wound Healing Assay on Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Bahar Entaz , Yoon Hyonok
Published: July 2021

The study of artificial neural networks (ANN) has undergone a tremendous revolution in recent years, boosted by deep learning tools. The presence of a greater number of learning tools and their applications, in particular, favors this revolution. However, there is a significant need to deal with the issue of implementing a systematic method during the development phase of the ANN to increase its performance. A multilayer feedforward neural network (FNN) was proposed in this paper to predict the cell migration assay on cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant (CisR) ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines via scratch wound healing assay. An FNN training algorithm model was generated using the MATLAB fitting function in a MATLAB script to accomplish this task. The input parameters were types of cell lines, times, and wound area, and outputs were relative wound area, percentage of wound closure, and wound healing speed. In addition, we tested and compared the initial accuracy of various supervised learning classifier and support vector regression (SVR) algorithms. The proposed ANN model achieved good agreement with the experimental data and minimized error between the estimated and experimental values. The conclusions drawn demonstrate that the developed ANN model is a useful, accurate, fast, and inexpensive method to predict cancerous cell migration characteristics evaluated via scratch wound healing assay.
A Preliminary Study on Industrial Landscape Planning and Spatial Layout in Belgium
Authors: Zhang Jiazhen , Cenci Jeremy , Becue Vincent
Published: July 2021

As the material carrier of industrial heritage, industrial landscape planning integrates industrial heritage, post-industrial, and industrial tourism landscapes. In this study, we define the concept of industrial landscape planning. As a subsystem of urban planning, we study industrial landscape planning by using the theories and methods of urban planning. As an example, we consider Belgium and identify the main categories of industrial landscape planning as industrial heritage landscape and industrial tourism landscape. We use an ArcGIS spatial analysis tool and kernel density calculations and reveal the characteristics of four clusters of industrial heritage spatial layout in Belgium, which match its located industrial development route. Each cluster has unique regional characteristics that were spontaneously formed according to existing social and natural resources. At the level of urban planning, there is a lack of unified re-creation. Urban planning is relatively separated from the protection of industrial heritage in Belgium.
Biological Control of Pear Valsa Canker Caused by Valsa pyri Using Penicillium citrinum
Authors: Yuan Hongbo , Shi Bingke , Huang Tianxiang , Zhou Zengqiang , Wang Li , Hou Hui , Tu Hongtao
Published: July 2021

Valsa canker caused by Valsa pyri is one of the most destructive diseases of commercial pear. For the present analysis, 29 different endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the branches of a healthy pear tree. In dual culture assays, strain ZZ1 exhibited robust antifungal activity against all tested pathogens including Valsa pyri. Microscopic analyses suggested that following co-culture with ZZ1, the hyphae of V. pyri were ragged, thin, and ruptured. ZZ1 also induced significant decreases in lesion length and disease incidence on detached pear branches inoculated with V. pyri. ZZ1 isolate-derived culture filtrates also exhibited antifungal activity against V. pyri, decreasing mycelial growth and conidium germination and inhibiting V. pyri-associated lesion development on pear branches. These results suggest that the ZZ1 isolate has the potential for use as a biological control agent against V. pyri. The strain was further identified as Penicillium citrinum based on its morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. Overall, these data highlight a potentially valuable new biocontrol resource for combating pear Valsa canker.
The Role of Canary Island Date Palms in Physical Amenity Provisioning for Urban Landscape Settings
Authors: Spennemann Dirk H. R.
Published: July 2021

Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) have been planted as a landscaping feature plant throughout warm, temperate, and subtropical climates. The physical amenity provisioning of this species (shade effects, microclimate amelioration, water usage, etc.) has so far not been systematically assessed. This paper reports on temperature and humidity measurements in both a suburban and a rural location in SE Australia. The study demonstrates the effects of the palm canopy as regulator of humidity and provider of shade and, thus, amenity values in urban landscape settings. Drawing on published energy savings and growth requirements of the plant, the paper argues that Canary Island date palms are landscaping plants suitable to ameliorate the microclimate in urban neighborhoods with varied socio-economic conditions.
Strength, Hardness, and Ductility Evidence of Solid Solution Strengthening and Limited Hydrogen Embrittlement in the Alloy System Palladium-Copper (Cu wt. % 5–25)
Authors: DiMauro Sebastian , Legall Gabrielle , Lubinsky Coleman , Nadeau Monica , Tait Renee , Miller William , Adutwum Abena , Portal Isabella , Roy Brandon , Nesbit Steve , Craft Andrew
Published: July 2021

Strength, hardness, and ductility characteristics were determined for a series of palladium-copper alloys that compositionally vary from 5 to 25 weight percent copper. Alloy specimens subjected to vacuum annealing showed clear evidence of solid solution strengthening. These specimens showed, as a function of increasing copper content, increased yield strength, ultimate strength, and Vickers microhardness, while their ductility was little affected by compositional differences. Annealed alloy specimens subsequently subjected to exposure to hydrogen at 323 K and PH2 = 1 atm showed evidence of hydrogen embrittlement up to a composition of ~15 wt. % Cu. The magnitude of the hydrogen embrittlement decreased with increasing copper content in the alloy.
Pro-Healthy Diet Properties and Its Determinants among Aging Masters Athletes
Authors: Ratajczak Joanna , Czerniak Urszula , Wieliński Dariusz , Ciekot-Sołtysiak Monika , Zieliński Jacek , Gronek Piotr , Demuth Anna
Published: July 2021

Qualitative dietary assessments are not common in aging athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate diet quality and its determinants among aging masters athletes. Eighty-six participants of the 8th World Masters Indoor Athletics Championships were enrolled in the study (age range 36–65 years). Three subgroups were distinguished to represent countries with different eating habits. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Eating habits and diet quality were assessed using the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN®, Warszawa, Poland), and the Pro-healthy Diet Index (pHDI-10). Dietary quality determinants were identified by a multiple regression model conducted for each subgroup separately (Great Britain, France, and Poland). The results showed that none of the subgroups adhered to the reference intake of products with beneficial health outcomes. This was particularly noticeable in the insufficient consumption of whole grain products, dairy, and fish. The fish and vegetables consumption frequency significantly differentiated the eating habits of the studied groups. Diet quality determinants varied depending on the group. However, in each of them, fruit consumption was one of the components of a good-quality diet. The obtained results can be used by institutions providing health education among the elderly to develop an appropriate strategy aimed at changing inappropriate eating habits.
Can Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Be Used as a Biomarker of Thermal Comfort for Mine Workers?
Authors: Wu Guoshan , Liu Heqing , Wu Shixian , Liu Guanglei , Liang Caihang
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to determine whether heart rate variability (HRV) can express the thermal comfort of mine workers. Eight subjects ran on a treadmill (5.5 km/h) to simulate heavy labor in three kinds of mining environments (22 °C/90%, 26 °C/90%, 30 °C/90%), respectively. Based on the measured electrocardiogram (ECG) data, the HRV of the subjects was calculated. The results showed that the HRV indices changed obviously under different temperature environments. In the neutral and hot environment, except for the LF, TP and LF/HF, there were significant differences in each index. However, there was no significant difference between the cold and neutral environments. The R-R intervals, the very low-frequency power (VLF), pNN20 and SampEN had strong negative correlation with the thermal sensation of people from sitting to work (ρ < −0.700). These indices may be used as thermal comfort predictive biomarkers of mine workers.
Measurement Equivalence between the Original and Estimated Mini-Mental State Examination in People with Dementia
Authors: Chiu En-Chi , Chien Tzu-Hua , Lee Ya-Chen
Published: July 2021

Background: The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) is increasingly used to assess general cognitive function in people with dementia. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score can be converted from the CASI (i.e., the estimated MMSE). Recognizing that measurement equivalence is critical to meaningfully representing one with the other, we aimed to determine whether the estimated MMSE score obtained from the CASI was equivalent to the original MMSE in people with dementia. Methods: We obtained 110 data points for the MMSE and CASI scores in people with dementia. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson’s r, percent of standard error of measurement (SEM%), paired t-test, and effect size (Cohen’s d) were used to investigate the equivalence. Results: To examine the equivalence between the original and estimated MMSE score, the ICC and Pearson’s r of the total score and six domains were 0.62–0.95 and 0.62–0.96, respectively. The SEM% of the total score and six domains were 0.6–8.9%. The paired t-test results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the total score and the three domains. The Cohen’s d of the total score and six domains were 0.06–0.27. Conclusions: The estimated MMSE score was found to have moderate to excellent equivalence to the original MMSE score. The three domains (i.e., registration, attention and calculation, and visual-constructional ability) with moderate equivalence should be used cautiously to interchange with the original MMSE in people with dementia.
Energy Drink Consumption among Adolescents Attending Schools in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Carsi Kuhangana Trésor , Muta Musambo Taty , Pyana Kitenge Joseph , Kayembe-Kitenge Tony , Kazadi Ngoy Arlène , Musa Obadia Paul , Banza Lubaba Nkulu Célestin , Kamugisha Angélique , Deconinck Eric , Nemery Benoit , Van Loco Joris
Published: July 2021

Background: The consumption of energy drinks (EDs) is increasing in the general population, but little is known about the consumption of EDs among pupils in Africa. This study was designed to assess the consumption of EDs among pupils between 10 and 17 years of age and to assess average caffeine concentrations contained in EDs sold in Lubumbashi. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in five schools using a standardised questionnaire taken face-to-face. Samples of locally purchased EDs were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultra-Violet spectrometry (HPLC-UV). Results: Of 338 pupils (54% girls), 63% reported having consumed at least one ED in the last week and 34% drank at least one ED a day. The cheapest ED was the most widely consumed. Among pupils having consumed at least one ED in the last week, 79% reported consuming it for refreshment and 15% to get energy. For those who reported not consuming EDs, 40% reported that their parents or teachers forbade them to drink EDs. Some (14%) teenagers, mainly boys, mixed ED with alcohol. The concentrations of caffeine measured in twelve brands of EDs ranged from 7.6 to 29.4 mg/100 mL (median 23.3), giving caffeine contents of 37.5 to 160 mg (median 90 mg) per can or bottle. The estimated daily intake of caffeine through EDs was between 51.3 mg and 441.3 mg among those consuming EDs regularly. Conclusion: Our study convincingly demonstrates that caffeine-containing EDs are not only consumed by youngsters living in affluent societies. We documented widespread regular consumption of EDs among (pre-)adolescent schoolchildren living in Lubumbashi, a large city of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In view of the global market expansion of caffeinated EDs, it is reasonable to suspect that similar surveys in other urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa would yield similar findings. Pricing and advertising regulations and education on EDs are necessary to limit the regular consumption of EDs among adolescents.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Problematic Internet Use in a Population of Spanish University Students
Authors: Ramón-Arbués Enrique , Granada-López José Manuel , Martínez-Abadía Blanca , Echániz-Serrano Emmanuel , Antón-Solanas Isabel , Nash Michael
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: To examine the prevalence, and associated factors of, problematic Internet use in a sample of Spanish university students. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of a convenience sample of 698 university students. Self-esteem, alcohol consumption, perceived social support, depression, anxiety, stress and problematic Internet use were evaluated using the Rosenberg, CAGE, DUKE-UNC-11, DASS-21 and Young’s Internet Addiction Test, respectively. (3) Results: Problematic internet use was reported by 21% of respondents. Risk of problematic Internet use was independently associated with the preferred use of the smartphone, time of exposure to the Internet, less perceived social support, problematic alcohol consumption and symptoms of stress and anxiety. We found significant association between problematic internet use and time of exposure to the Internet, residential status, alcohol consumption, self-esteem, perceived social support and psychological distress, after bivariate analysis. (4) Conclusions: A considerable prevalence of problematic Internet use was found; in our sample problematic Internet use was associated with stress, alcohol consumption, anxiety and perceived social support. Strategies aimed at the early identification of problematic Internet use may lead to an improvement in the psychosocial health of the university student population.
Assessment of Soil Contamination with Potentially Toxic Elements and Soil Ecotoxicity of Botanical Garden in Brno, Czech Republic: Are Urban Botanical Gardens More Polluted Than Urban Parks?
Authors: Pecina Vaclav , Brtnicky Martin , Balkova Marie , Hegrova Jitka , Buckova Martina , Baltazar Tivadar , Licbinsky Roman , Radziemska Maja
Published: July 2021

Though botanical gardens are an important and widely visited component of urban green spaces (UGS) worldwide, their pollution is rarely studied. The aim of this study was to assess botanical garden soil contamination and ecotoxicity and to evaluate whether urban botanical gardens are more contaminated than urban parks. Soil assessments showed serious contamination with Cd, Pb and Zn, emitted predominantly by traffic, agrochemicals and past construction and demolition waste. The discovery of hazardous historical ecological burden in the UGS calls for the necessity of detailed surveys of such areas. Despite prevailing moderate-to-heavy contamination, the soil was only slightly ecotoxic. Maximum immobilisation inhibition of Daphnia magna reached 15%. Growth of Sinapis alba L. was predominantly stimulated (73%), and Desmodesmus subspicatus Chodat was exclusively stimulated, possibly due to soil alkalinity and fertiliser-related nutrients. The hypothesis of a higher contamination of urban botanical gardens compared to urban parks was confirmed. However, urban parks can face a greater risk of soil ecotoxicity, hypothetically due to decreased activity of soil organisms resulting from adverse soil conditions caused by active recreation. The results highlight the need for an increased focus on botanical and ornamental gardens when assessing and managing UGS as areas potentially more burdened with contamination.
Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Castro André Peres Barbosa de , Moreira Marina Figueiredo , Bermejo Paulo Henrique de Souza , Rodrigues Waldecy , Prata David Nadler
Published: July 2021

In November 2020, Brazil ranked third in the number of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and second in the number of deaths due to the disease. We carried out a descriptive study of deaths, mortality rate, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and excess mortality due to COVID-19, based on SARS-CoV-2 records in SIVEP-Gripe (Ministry of Health of Brazil) from 16 February 2020, to 1 January 2021. In this period, there were 98,025 deaths from COVID-19 in Brazil. Men accounted for 60.5% of the estimated 1.2 million YPLLs. High YPLL averages showed prematurity of deaths. The population aged 45–64 years (both sexes) represented more than 50% of all YPLLs. Risk factors were present in 69.5% of deaths, with heart disease, diabetes and obesity representing the most prevalent comorbidities in both sexes. Indigenous people had the lowest number of deaths and the highest average YPLL. However, in indigenous people, pregnant women and mothers had an average YPLL of over 35 years. The excess mortality for Brazil was estimated at 122,914 deaths (9.2%). The results show that the social impacts of YPLL due to COVID-19 are different depending on gender, race and risk factors. YPLL and excess mortality can be used to guide the prioritization of health interventions, such as prioritization of vaccination, lockdowns, or distribution of facial masks for the most vulnerable populations.
Guidelines for Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Converting Evidence into Action?
Authors: Kasprzak Annika , Kaivers Jennifer , Nachtkamp Kathrin , Haas Rainer , Kobbe Guido , Gattermann Norbert , Germing Ulrich
Published: July 2021

The heterogeneous group of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) needs an individualized and patient-tailored therapeutic approach. Consensus-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment provide a basis for clinical decision making. MDS guidelines are issued by expert panels. Our main objective was to examine how guidelines influence patients’ adherence to expert recommendations and how they ensure healthcare quality. To approach this question, we reviewed the most common guidelines for diagnosing and treating MDS in adult patients. Furthermore, we critically looked at quality indicators for everyday practice and studied adherence in an everyday outpatient setting. Finally, we also paid close attention to patient-reported outcome measures and studied how they are used as endpoints in clinical trials. We can conclude that the combination of evidence-based diagnostic tools, standardized treatment recommendations, and patient-centered shared decision making will eventually lead to a healthcare standard that will significantly improve outcomes in adult patients with MDS.
Motivation, Usability, and Credibility of an Intelligent Activity-Based Client-Centred Training System to Improve Functional Performance in Neurological Rehabilitation: An Exploratory Cohort Study
Authors: Knippenberg Els , Lamers Ilse , Timmermans Annick , Spooren Annemie
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: technology-based training systems are increasingly integrated in neurorehabilitation but are rarely combined with a client-centred task-oriented approach. To provide a low-cost client-centred task-oriented system, the intelligent activity-based client-centred task-oriented training (i-ACT) was developed. The objective was to evaluate the usability, credibility and treatment expectancy of i-ACT, and the motivation towards i-ACT use in rehabilitation over time. Additionally, this study will evaluate the upper limb treatment effects after training with i-ACT. (2) Methods: a mixed-method study was performed in four rehabilitation centres. Training with i-ACT was provided during six weeks, three times per week, forty-five minutes per day, additional to conventional care. (3) Results: seventeen persons with central nervous system diseases were included. High scores were seen in the system usability scale (score ≥ 73.8/100), credibility (score ≥ 22.0/27.0)/expectancy (score ≥ 15.8/27.0) questionnaire, and intrinsic motivation inventory (score ≥ 5.2/7.0), except the subscale pressure (score ≤ 2.0/7.0). Results from the interviews corroborate these findings and showed that clients and therapists believe in the i-ACT system as an additional training support system. Upper limb functional ability improved significantly (p < 0.05) over time on the Wolf motor function test. (4) Conclusion: i-ACT is a client-centred task-oriented usable and motivational system which has the potential to enhance upper limb functional training in persons with neurological diseases.
Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiopulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Yu Rongfang , Wang Ping , Wang Aiwen , Huang Huiming
Published: July 2021

(1) Objective: Our objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the benefits of exercise training for elderly pulmonary fibrosis (PF) patients. (2) Methods: Studies in either English or Chinese were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases from inception until the first week of April 2021. Age, body mass index (BMI), and exercise frequency, intensity, type, and duration were considered for each participant. The specific data recorded were the six-minute walk distance (6MWD), maximal rate of oxygen consumption (peak VO2), predicted forced vital capacity (FVC% pred), predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO% pred), predicted total lung capacity (TLC% pred), St. George’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) total score and a modified medical research council score (mMRC). (3) Results: Thirteen studies comprised this meta-analysis (eleven randomized controlled trials and two prospective studies design), wherein 335 patients were exercised and 334 were controls. The results showed that exercise training increased the 6MWD (Cohen’s d = 0.77, MD = 34.04 (95% CI, 26.50–41.58), p < 0.01), peak VO2 (Cohen’s d = 0.45, MD = 1.13 (95% CI, 0.45–1.82), p = 0.0001) and FVC% pred (Cohen’s d = 0.42, MD = 3.94 (95% CI, 0.91–6.96), p = 0.01). However, exercise training reduced scores for the SGRQ (Cohen’s d = 0.89, MD = −8.79 (95% CI, −10.37 to −7.21), p < 0.01) and the mMRC (Cohen’s d = 0.64, MD = −0.58 (95% CI, −0.79 to −0.36), p < 0.01). In contrast, exercise training could not increase DLCO% pred (Cohen’s d = 0.16, MD = 1.86 (95% CI, −0.37–4.09), p = 0.10) and TLC% pred (Cohen’s d = 0.02, MD = 0.07 (95% CI, −6.53–6.67), p = 0.98). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in frequency, intensity, type, and age in the 6MWD results (p < 0.05), which were higher with low frequency, moderate intensity, aerobic–resistance–flexibility–breathing exercises and age ≤ 70. Meanwhile, the subgroup analysis showed significant differences in exercise intensity and types in the mMRC results (p < 0.05), which were lower with moderate intensity and aerobic–resistance exercises. (4) Conclusions: Exercise training during pulmonary rehabilitation can improved cardiopulmonary endurance and quality of life in elderly patients with PF. The 6MWDs were more noticeable with moderate exercise intensity, combined aerobic–resistance–flexibility–breathing exercises and in younger patients, which all were not affected by BMI levels or exercise durations. As to pulmonary function, exercise training can improve FVC% pred, but has no effect on DLCO% pred and TLC% pred.
Iodine Deficiency Disorders as a Predictor of Stunting among Primary School Children in the Aseer Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abbag Fuad I. , Abu-Eshy Saeed A. , Mahfouz Ahmed A. , Alsaleem Mohammed A. , Alsaleem Safar A. , Patel Ayyub A. , Mirdad Tarek M. , Shati Ayed A. , Awadalla Nabil J.
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To investigate the present occurrence of stunting and explore the role of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) as a predictor of stunting among primary school children in the Aseer Region. Methods: In a cross-sectional investigation on school children in the Aseer region, thyroid enlargement was evaluated clinically. Urine was collected to evaluate iodine content. Results: The present study involved 3046 school-age pupils. The study disclosed a total goiter rate of 24.0% (95% CI: 22.5–25.5%). The median urinary iodine content (UIC) was 17.0 µg/L. A prevalence of stunting (height for age z score of less than −2) of 7.8% (95% CI: 6.9–8.8%) was found. In a logistic regression model, pupils having clinical goiter (aOR = 1.739; 95% CI: 1.222–2.475) and students having UIC of less than 17 µg/L (aOR = 1.934; 95% CI: 1.457–2.571) were considerably related with stunting. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, urinary iodine content to forecast stunting was good (AUC = 0.611, 95% CI: 0.594–0.629). The curve recognized the optimum cutoff point of urinary iodine content to be ≤19.0 µg/L. The sensitivity was 59.66% (95% CI: 53.1–66.0) and the specificity was 57.62% (95% CI: 55.8–59.5). Conclusion: The present study showed that stunting among school-aged children presents a mild public health problem. On the other hand, a severe iodine deficiency situation was revealed among school children in the Aseer region. Continuous monitoring of iodine status among school children is therefore necessary. Concerted interventions that blend nutrition-sensitive with nutrition-specific approaches are expected to influence decreasing stunting significantly.
Incidence and Outcomes of Pulmonary Embolism among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Badr Omaima Ibrahim , Alwafi Hassan , Elrefaey Wael Aly , Naser Abdallah Y. , Shabrawishi Mohammed , Alsairafi Zahra , Alsaleh Fatemah M.
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Patients with COVID-19 may be at high risk for thrombotic complications due to excess inflammatory response and stasis of blood flow. This study aims to assess the incidence of pulmonary embolism among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, risk factors, and the impact on survival. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Saudi Arabia between 15 March 2020 and 15 June 2020. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by Computed Tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) formed the case group. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and without confirmed diagnose of pulmonary embolism formed the control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of pulmonary embolism and survival. Results: A total of 159 patients participated were included in the study, of which 51 were the cases (patients with pulmonary embolism) and 108 patients formed the control group (patients without pulmonary embolism). The incidence of PE among those hospitalized was around 32%. Smoking history, low level of oxygen saturation, and higher D-dimer values were important risk factors that were associated with a higher risk of developing PE (p < 0.05). Higher respiratory rate was associated with higher odds of death, and decreased the possibility of survival among hospitalized patients with PE. Conclusions: Pulmonary embolism is common among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Preventive measures should be considered for hospitalized patients with smoking history, low level of oxygen saturation, high D-dimer values, and high respiratory rate.
Viewing Natural vs. Urban Images and Emotional Facial Expressions: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Franěk Marek , Petružálek Jan
Published: July 2021

There is a large body of evidence that exposure to simulated natural scenes has positive effects on emotions and reduces stress. Some studies have used self-reported assessments, and others have used physiological measures or combined self-reports with physiological measures; however, analysis of facial emotional expression has rarely been assessed. In the present study, participant facial expressions were analyzed while viewing forest trees with foliage, forest trees without foliage, and urban images by iMotions’ AFFDEX software designed for the recognition of facial emotions. It was assumed that natural images would evoke a higher magnitude of positive emotions in facial expressions and a lower magnitude of negative emotions than urban images. However, the results showed only very low magnitudes of facial emotional responses, and differences between natural and urban images were not significant. While the stimuli used in the present study represented an ordinary deciduous forest and urban streets, differences between the effects of mundane and attractive natural scenes and urban images are discussed. It is suggested that more attractive images could result in more pronounced emotional facial expressions. The findings of the present study have methodological relevance for future research. Moreover, not all urban dwellers have the possibility to spend time in nature; therefore, knowing more about the effects of some forms of simulated natural scenes surrogate nature also has some practical relevance.
Patterns of Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine Vaping among University Students in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Luai A. , Verlinden Marina , Alobeidli Mariam Ali , Alahbabi Reem Hamad , AlKatheeri Radeya , Saddik Basema , Oulhaj Abderrahim , Al-Rifai Rami H.
Published: July 2021

Various forms of tobacco smoking and nicotine vaping tools are available on the market. This study quantified the prevalence of and identified factors associated with patterns of smoking and nicotine vaping among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A cross-sectional sample of students enrolled in three public universities was surveyed. Self-reported current smoking and nicotine vaping were recorded. Of 1123 students, 81.7% completed the online survey (mean age, 20.7 ± 3.4 (SD) years; 70.7% females). The prevalence of current smoking was 15.1% while the prevalence of current nicotine vaping was nearly 4.0%. Among current smokers, 54.7% reported conventional smoking only, 15.1% reported nicotine vaping only, and 28.8% were poly-users. Conventional midwakh (47.5%), followed by conventional shisha/waterpipe (36.7%), conventional cigarettes (36.7%), electronic shisha/waterpipe (25.2%), and electronic cigarettes (24.5%), were most commonly reported by students. Students aged 20–25 years (adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–3.67) or >25 years (aOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.41–12.80) had higher odds of being current smokers compared to those aged 17–19 years. The male gender was also independently associated with higher odds of being a current smoker (aOR: 5.45, 95% CI: 3.31–8.97) as well as higher odds of smoking cigarettes, shisha, and midwakh, or nicotine vaping compared to being female. Of nicotine vaping users, 36.1% reported using nicotine vaping because they enjoyed the flavor and vaporizing experience and 34.4% used it to help them to quit smoking. A relatively high prevalence of self-reported smoking was reported among university students in the UAE. The findings also suggest that nicotine vaping use is relatively widespread, but still less common than traditional smoking. Vigilant and tailored university-based smoking control and preventive measures are warranted.
Application of Blue Filters Increases the Usefulness of Moreland Test in Anomaloscopic Color Vision Assessment for Blue–Green Color Range
Authors: Michalak Krzysztof , Zabel Jacek , Olszewski Jan , Wojtyła-Buciora Paulina , Przekoracka-Krawczyk Anna
Published: July 2021

The effect of blue light filters on the anomaloscopic examination was analyzed. Thirty subjects (18–43 y, 20 female, 10 male) without color vision disorders were examined in 4 filter conditions: no filter (F-0), Blue Control Hoya (F-BC), Med-1 JZO (F-Med1) and 450 Eschenbach (F-450). Both Rayleigh test (red–green axis) and Moreland test (blue–green axis) were performed. Application of F-BC filter shows negligible effect on color vision perception in both tests. Contrary to this, the application of strong F-450 filter causes significant shift in Moreland test towards tritanopy and the decrease in correlations of Moreland parameters with Rayleigh test parameters. The application of medium strong F-Med1 filter causes the slight shift in Moreland test towards the center of the Moreland scale and increases the Spearman correlations between Moreland and Rayleigh test parameters. This observation suggests that the about 15–40% reduction of blue diode intensity in the Moreland test may be beneficial in detecting mild changes in color vision perception in the blue-green axis and may improve its usefulness in evaluating the color vision perception disorders accompanying different illnesses, such as diabetes, glaucoma, neuritis optica, or cataract. The discussion concerning the modifications of Moreland test construction is also presented.
Particulate Matter and Premature Mortality: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis
Authors: Waidyatillake Nilakshi T. , Campbell Patricia T. , Vicendese Don , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Curto Ariadna , Stevenson Mark
Published: July 2021

Background: We present a systematic review of studies assessing the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and premature mortality and the results of a Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis while accounting for population differences of the included studies. Methods: The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO systematic review registry. Medline, CINAHL and Global Health databases were systematically searched. Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis was conducted using a non-informative prior to assess whether the regression coefficients differed across observations due to the heterogeneity among studies. Results: We identified 3248 records for title and abstract review, of which 309 underwent full text screening. Thirty-six studies were included, based on the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were from China (n = 14), India (n = 6) and the USA (n = 3). PM2.5 was the most frequently reported pollutant. PM was estimated using modelling techniques (22 studies), satellite-based measures (four studies) and direct measurements (ten studies). Mortality data were sourced from country-specific mortality statistics for 17 studies, Global Burden of Disease data for 16 studies, WHO data for two studies and life tables for one study. Sixteen studies were included in the Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the annual estimate of premature mortality attributed to PM2.5 was 253 per 1,000,000 population (95% CI: 90, 643) and 587 per 1,000,000 population (95% CI: 1, 39,746) for PM10. Conclusion: 253 premature deaths per million population are associated with exposure to ambient PM2.5. We observed an unstable estimate for PM10, most likely due to heterogeneity among the studies. Future research efforts should focus on the effects of ambient PM10 and premature mortality, as well as include populations outside Asia. Key messages: Ambient PM2.5 is associated with premature mortality. Given that rapid urbanization may increase this burden in the coming decades, our study highlights the urgency of implementing air pollution mitigation strategies to reduce the risk to population and planetary health.
Exploring the Determinants of Polypharmacy Prescribing and Dispensing Behaviours in Primary Care for the Elderly—Protocol for a Qualitative Study
Authors: Taghy Najwa , Cambon Linda , Boulliat Caroline , Aromatario Olivier , Dussart Claude
Published: July 2021

Polypharmacy is becoming increasingly common, especially among the elderly. It often has a negative connotation, but is sometimes necessary or even desirable, and needed to categorize polypharmacy as appropriate or inappropriate. The challenge is in ensuring that this is considered appropriate when necessary. We aimed to develop an evidence-based intervention to reduce the risks associated with using a systematic approach, involving key stakeholders in prescribing and dispensing drugs to the elderly in primary care. The purpose of this study is to identify the key components which are perceived as influencing these behaviours. It is a qualitative study of general practitioners (GPS) and community pharmacists involved in the care of the elderly. The main inclusion criterion is the geographic location. Qualitative data will be generated from one-on-one, semi-structured interviews and processed for thematic content analysis. Our approach integrates the patient pathway in primary care. It considers the fact that GP and pharmacist behaviours are far from being independent. This study represents the first step in the process of developing an intervention theory which involves a crossover between data from the literature and the knowledge of experts, allowing us to interrogate hypotheses about the influences and mechanisms associated with prescribing and dispensing drugs to the elderly in primary care.
Development and Validation of a Chinese Version of a School-to-Work Transition Anxiety Scale for Healthcare Students
Authors: Hung Tzu-Yun , Liao Hung-Chang , Wang Ya-huei
Published: July 2021

Objective: The aim of this paper was to develop an appropriate scale measuring healthcare students’ anxiety during the transition from school to work. Methods: After an extensive literature review and panel discussion to prove the face validity and content validity, the initial item pool was reduced to 52 items. In a pilot study, a sample of four hundred and twenty-four healthcare students participated, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. Psychometric properties—construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, goodness of fit, and reliabilities—were also analyzed. Results: After the use of EFA, the 52 items were reduced to 31 items in four factors, with 66.70% of the total variance explained. The Cronbach’s alpha values ranged between 0.91 and 0.93. The study also used CFA to validate the EFA model, and the results demonstrated that with the same thirty-one items in a 7-point Likert scale, the model was a better fit in four factors: “inexperience in professional knowledge and skills” (nine items; factor loadings: 0.642–0.867; 43.72% of the variance explained), “fear of death” (eight items; factor loadings: 0.745–0.831; 9.94% of the variance explained), “fear of being infected” (eight items; factor loadings: 0.678–0.866; 7.86% of the variance explained), and “interpersonal interactions” (six items; factor loadings: 0.704–0.913; 5.18% of the variance explained). The CFA model demonstrated a good model fit in the χ2/df ratio (1.17; p = 0.016), CFI (0.99), TFI (0.99), and RMSEA (0.02). The composite reliabilities ranged from 0.89 to 0.92, confirming the StWTA-HS scale’s stability and internal consistency. The convergent validity and discriminant validity were also confirmed. The StWTA-HS scale has been proven to be a stable scale to measure healthcare students’ school-to-work transition anxiety.
Rural Healthcare IoT Architecture Based on Low-Energy LoRa
Authors: Dimitrievski Ace , Filiposka Sonja , Melero Francisco José , Zdravevski Eftim , Lameski Petre , Pires Ivan Miguel , Garcia Nuno M. , Lousado José Paulo , Trajkovik Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Connected health is expected to introduce an improvement in providing healthcare and doctor-patient communication while at the same time reducing cost. Connected health would introduce an even more significant gap between healthcare quality for urban areas with physical proximity and better communication to providers and the portion of rural areas with numerous connectivity issues. We identify these challenges using user scenarios and propose LoRa based architecture for addressing these challenges. We focus on the energy management of battery-powered, affordable IoT devices for long-term operation, providing important information about the care receivers’ well-being. Using an external ultra-low-power timer, we extended the battery life in the order of tens of times, compared to relying on low power modes of the microcontroller.
Analysis of the Interventions of Medical Emergency Teams in Older Patients in Selected Polish Cities with County Status: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Celiński Mariusz , Cybulski Mateusz , Fiłon Joanna , Muszalik Marta , Goniewicz Mariusz , Krajewska-Kułak Elżbieta , Ślifirczyk Anna
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Geriatric patients account for a large proportion of interventions of medical emergency teams (METs). The aim of this study was to analyse medical emergency interventions in the Biała Podlaska and Chełm (Poland) between 2016 and 2018 in a group of patients ≥ 65 years of age. Materials and Methods: We analysed medical records of 1200 older patients treated by METs in Biała Podlaska and Chełm (Lublin Province, Poland). The research was conducted from June 2019 to March 2020 at the Emergency Medical Service Station in Biała Podlaska and the Medical Rescue Station in Chełm (Independent Public Complex of Health Care Facilities). Results: A total of 92.5% of medical emergency service interventions took place at the patient’s home. The mean time of stay at the scene was 20 min. The highest number of interventions occurred between 8:00 p.m. and 8:59 p.m. There were no statistically significant differences in the type of ambulance used depending on the patient’s sex, while there was a statistically significant relationship between priority code and sex. Cardiovascular diseases were diagnosed in 40% of patients, and the symptoms were not precisely classified in almost the same percentage of patients. Mortality cases accounted for 3.1% of the 1200 interventions analysed. Ambulance dispatch resulted in the patient being transported to the hospital emergency department in 69.1% of cases. Conclusions: METs were called for a variety of diseases due to the fact that geriatric patients are not able to distinguish a life-threatening condition. Medical procedures performed by METs from Biała Podlaska and Chełm were closely related to the initial diagnoses made by these teams. It was irrelevant whether a specialist or non-specialist medical emergency service was used. Paramedics are very well trained to practice their profession and are able to provide treatment to older patients in a state of sudden life threat.
Implication of the Sensory Environment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Perspectives from School
Authors: Gentil-Gutiérrez Ana , Cuesta-Gómez José Luis , Rodríguez-Fernández Paula , González-Bernal Jerónimo Javier
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) frequently have difficulties in processing sensory information, which is a limitation when participating in different contexts, such as school. The objective of the present study was to compare the sensory processing characteristics of children with ASD in the natural context of school through the perception of professionals in the field of education, in comparison with neurodevelopmental children (2) Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study as conducted with study population consisting of children between three and ten years old, 36 of whom were diagnosed with ASD and attended the Autismo Burgos association; the remaining 24 had neurotypical development. The degree of response of the children to sensory stimuli at school was evaluated using the Sensory Profile-2 (SP-2) questionnaire in its school version, answered by the teachers. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences were found in sensory processing patterns (p = 0.001), in sensory systems (p = 0.001) and in school factors (p = 0.001). Children with ASD who obtained worse results. (4) Conclusions: Children with ASD are prone to present sensory alterations in different contexts, giving nonadapted behavioral and learning responses.