bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High mortality among hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Peru: A single centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mas-Ubillus Guiliana , Ortiz Pedro J. , Huaringa-Marcelo Jorge , Sarzo-Miranda Paola , Muñoz-Aguirre Patricia , Diaz-Ramos Alejandra , Arribasplata-Purizaca Kattia , Mendoza Doris , Rojas-Poma Juan , Marcelo-Ruiz Cristian , Ayala-Diaz Pedro , Hidalgo-Arroyo Edwin , Tupia-Cespedes Lourdes
Published: March 2022

Background

Peru is the country with the world’s highest COVID-19 death rate per capita. Characteristics associated with increased mortality among adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in this setting are not well described.

Methods

Retrospective, single-center cohort study including 1537 adult patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia between May 2020 and August 2020 at a national hospital in Lima, Peru. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality.

Results

In-hospital mortality was 49.71%. The mean age was 60 ± 14.25 years, and 68.38% were males. We found an association between mortality and inflammatory markers, mainly leukocytes, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein and ferritin. A multivariate model adjusted for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and corticosteroid use demonstrated that in-hospital mortality was associated with greater age (RR: 2.01, 95%CI: 1.59–2.52) and a higher level of oxygen requirement (RR: 2.77, 95%CI: 2.13–3.62). Conclusions: In-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients in Peru is high and is associated with greater age and higher oxygen requirements.
Iberia: un juego de rol para una didáctica de la Historia Antigua significativa e innovadora
Authors: Sánchez Domínguez Víctor , Álvarez-Ossorio Rivas Alfonso , Álvarez Melero Anthony
Published: March 2022

Esta aportación refleja los resultados de la investigación realizada durante el curso 2018/19 en relación con la introducción juegos de rol en la didáctica de la Historia Antigua en Educación superior.Ante la problemática detectada en diferentes titulaciones con respecto al nuevo alumnado y adaptándonos a las exigencias del aprendizaje competencial, se ha diseñado como alternativa metodológica un juego de rol de contenido histórico, Iberia. Este juego se ha aplicado en diferentes grupos y se ha evaluado su impacto en el alumnado como recurso didáctico a la hora de enseñar Historia Antigua en general y de la península ibérica en particular.Durante el curso 2018/19 ha realizado una prueba piloto del juego diseñado con nueve grupos de entre 30 y 60 alumnos y se han tomado tres de ellos como muestra, siendo encuestados sobre la actividad por medio de un cuestionario elaborado por el equipo docente.Los resultados obtenidos de la prueba piloto por medio de la observación directa y la elaboración y uso de un cuestionario plantean una clara aceptación del recurso para las clases prácticas, acercando al alumno a temas concretos como son los procesos económicos y sociales propios de la Historia Antigua de la península ibérica, y ha provocado una mejoría en la comprensión de estos por parte del alumnado.
Sítio Arqueológico Itacoatiaras do Ingá: do turismo praticado ao Ecoturismo como alternativa de conservação
Authors: Silva Germana Karla Martins Soares da , Lima Gustavo Ferreira da Costa , Silva Edevaldo da
Published: March 2022

As Itacoatiaras do Ingá, conhecidas como Pedra do Ingá, são um conjunto rochoso com complexas inscrições rupestres que ainda suscitam mistério quanto à sua origem, gerando diversas interpretações e turismo local. Entretanto, ações antrópicas e naturais vêm causando impactos negativos na conservação desse patrimônio. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o turismo praticado e o ecoturismo como alternativa de conservação ambiental e sociocultural do sítio arqueológico Itacoatiaras do Ingá, Paraíba, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com pesquisa documental e de campo, com levantamento dos atrativos locais e uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores envolvidos com o sítio (gestores, guias, condutores turísticos, turistas e população local). Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo categorial-temática em busca de avaliar os potenciais não explorados, os impactos das ações antrópicas negativas e as percepções e imagens que os ingaenses têm sobre o sítio. Foi observada a ausência de infraestrutura do município para receber os turistas, problemas referentes à preservação do monumento e de todo o sítio arqueológico e uma incipiente participação da população local na atividade desenvolvida. Assim, o ecoturismo e a aplicação de seus princípios pode ser uma alternativa sustentável para a cidade, o sítio arqueológico e para os moradores.
Classifying the Variables of Merit-Based Training, Appointment and Evaluation System of Administrators According to CHAID Analysis
Authors: GÖK Ramazan
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışma liyakatlı
yönetici niteliklerine ilişkin Türk eğitim sistemi’nde meritokrasi, liyakat
esaslı yönetici yetiştirme, atama ve değerlendirme sistemi değişkenlerinin
chaid analizi ile sınıflandırılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Nicel araştırma yaklaşımının
kullanıldığı araştırma da örneklemin seçiminde toplamda 367 öğretmen ve
yöneticinin örneklem grubuna alınması yeterli olmasına rağmen geçerli 532 anket
değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Değişkenlerin sınıflandırılmasında kullanılan çok
değişkenli analiz yöntemlerinden chaid analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma
sonuçlarına göre, liyakat sistemine ilişkin bu dört bağımsız değişkenin
(liyakat, yetiştirme, atama ve değerlendirme sistemi) yöneticileri
niteliklerine göre liyakat düzeyi yüksek ve liyakat düzeyi düşük olarak
sınıflandırmada etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Chaid analizinden elde edilen
en önemli sonuçlardan birisi liyakatlı bir yetiştirme sistemi ile liyakat
düzeyi yüksek daha çok yönetici yetiştirilebileceğidir. Ayrıca liyakatı temel
alan bir değerlendirme sisteminin de yöneticileri liyakat düzeyine göre
sınıflandırmada etkili olduğu, liyakat düzeyi yüksek olanların öncelikli
atanması gerektiği görülmüştür. Tüm bunların yanı sıra liyakata ilişkin
algıları düşük olan yöneticilerin çoğunluğunun liyakat düzeyinin de düşük
olması sınıflandırmayı manidar kılan başka bir durumdur. Bu açıdan yönetici
yetiştirme ve atama sürecinde adayların liyakat algılarının belirlenmesi ve
liyakata ilişkin olumlu yüksek algıya sahip olanların yöneticilik sistemine dâhil
edilirken dikkate alınması sağlıklı ve etkili bir eğitim yönetimi açısından
önem taşımaktadır.
Determination of Readiness and Expectations of Turkish Teacher Candidates for Teaching Turkish to Foreigners Course
Authors: METE Filiz , AVŞAR Gözde
Published: March 2022

The teaching of Turkish as
a foreign language started with TÖMER, which was first established in 1984 in
Ankara University and continues in many universities. It has been possible to
teach Turkish as a foreign language within the scope of the programs which
educate Turkish teachers even as only one course (3rd grade 6th semester) in 22
years. The course, which was called as Turkish Teaching to Foreigners, was one
of the compulsory courses taught in the departments of Turkish Language Teaching
in 2006 by rearranging the programs taught in the faculties of education. The
purpose of this study is to determine the readiness and expectations of the
students in the 3rd year (Spring) 6th semester in Turkish Language Teaching
Program. In this study, qualitative research was adopted and face-to-face
interview technique was used. A total of 108 participants were interviewed. The
collected data were subjected to content analysis. It can be said that there is
a clear difference in the readiness and expectations of the participants on the
subject and that this course can only be realized in order to raise awareness
about the subject in a one-semester and 2-hour training week.
Nomophobia as the Predictor of Secondary School Students’ Smartphone Addiction
Authors: SEMERCİ Ali
Published: March 2022

Smartphones
have become an integral part of daily life for individuals of all age groups.
When used consciously smartphones provide important benefits in many areas of
life including education, otherwise, these tools bring serious negative
consequences especially on children and youngsters. This study aims to
determine the smartphone addiction and nomophobia levels of secondary school
students, and to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and nomophobia
besides some other demographic variables. 463 secondary school student
participated in the study on a voluntary basis. In order to explore the
smartphone addiction and prevalence of nomophobia among secondary school
students “Personal Information Form” and “Nomophobia Scale” was employed.
Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis techniques were
utilized to analyze the data. Research findings revealed that 71% of the
students did not consider themselves smartphone addicts, while 93% of them were
nomophobic at different levels. Results revealed a moderate significant
relationship between smartphone addiction and nomophobia, and nomophobia was
the strongest predictor of smartphone addiction. Gender and school variables
were among other predictors of smartphone addiction.
Society shapes industrial policy, industrial policy shapes society
Authors: Aiginger Karl
Published: March 2022

Industrial Policy has been defined and performed in very different ways over time and across countries and continents, along with its aims and scope. Instead of repeating these controversies, the article starts with the emerging consensus that systemic industrial policy should support societal priorities and that instruments should be used which maximize synergies with other policy strands. A future-oriented industrial policy should also no longer maximize national priorities, but goals should at least be shared with neighboring countries. Realistically, we have to acknowledge that it will remain a weapon in the competition between superpowers and those who want to defend or gain this status. Industrial Policy will also be different in emerging countries with low income and education, a high agricultural share, and persistent gender differences, compared to that in highly industrialized countries. Industrial policy leads to and requires structural change, with causality running in both directions. Its shape will influence the "future of capitalism", and the socio-ecological system will define the content of a systemic and integrated industrial policy.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Middle-aged and Elderly People’s Decisions of Investment and Financial Management
Authors: Xumei Chen , Xinyan Yin , Wei Qiu , Jiamin Qian , Xiaofeng Zhang , Chi Qishui
Published: March 2022

In this paper,we took middle-aged and elderly people as the research objects and collected the influence degree data of factors affecting the investment and financial decision-making through questionnaire,then applied statistical methods and the analytic hierarchy process to determine the primary and secondary ranking of the influence degree of these influencing factors.This study may provide reference for middle-aged and elderly people doing investment and financial management, financial institution constructing platform and developing product,government supervision,etc.We found that the most important factor affecting the investment and financial decisions of middle-aged and elderly people is the system stability in the platform factors,followed by the professional guidance in the personal characteristics and the operation difficulty in the platform factors.
A Tudy of Impacts of the Use of Cost Information on Business Performance of Fishery Processing Enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: DANG Lan Anh , LE Thi Minh Hue
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine the relationship between the Use of Cost Information (UCI) and the Business Performance (BP) of Fishery Processing Enterprises (FPEs) in Vietnam. The authors approach the needs of managers to use cost information in performing their functions of planning, business activities control, performance evaluation, and business decision making. By quantitative research method, using survey data from managers at FPEs, the authors examine the impact direction and level of impact of UCI on the BP these enterprises. From there, the author proposes solutions to improve the efficiency of using cost information for administrative purposes, in order to improve BP of FPEs.
Non-Parametric Mean Curvature Flow with Prescribed Contact Angle in Riemannian Products
Authors: Casteras Jean-Baptiste , Heinonen Esko , Holopainen Ilkka , De Lira Jorge H.
Published: March 2022

Assuming that there exists a translating soliton u
∞ with speed C in a domain Ω and with prescribed contact angle on ∂Ω, we prove that a graphical solution to the mean curvature flow with the same prescribed contact angle converges to u
∞ + Ct as t →∞. We also generalize the recent existence result of Gao, Ma, Wang and Weng to non-Euclidean settings under suitable bounds on convexity of Ω and Ricci curvature in Ω.
In vitro metabolic biomodulation of irinotecan to increase potency and reduce dose-limiting toxicity by inhibition of SN-38 glucuronide formation
Authors: Crane Rachel A. , Grubb Emery S. , Coward Lori U. , Gorman Greg S.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Colorectal cancer continues to have one of the highest incidents of occurrence with a rising rate of diagnosis among people under the age of 50. Chemotherapy with irinotecan results in severe gastrointestinal dose-limiting toxicity that is caused by the glucuronidated form of the active metabolite (SN-38G). This study evaluates herbal compounds and analogs to biomodulate the metabolism of IR to decrease dose-limiting toxicity while increasing the amount of the active metabolite.

Methods

In vitro metabolism using human liver microsomes was conducted with white willow bark (WWB) extract, select specific components of WWB, and analogues to evaluate biomodulation of the IR metabolism. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure metabolites between reactions with and without herbals components.

Results

WWB showed an optimal decrease (>80%) in SN-38G and a corresponding increase in SN-38 levels (128%) at a concentration of near 200 μg/mL. Tannic acid produced a 75% decrease in SN-38G with a 130% increase in SN-38 at 10 μg/mL, whereas the treatment with beta-pentagalloyl glucose and various analogues decreased SN-38G by 70% and increased SN-38 by 20% at 10 μg/mL.

Conclusions

These results suggest naturally occurring compounds from WWB may have the potential to increase potency by increasing the conversion of IR to SN-38 and decrease dose-limiting toxicity of IR chemotherapy by reducing glucuronidation of SN-38.
Case study from Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava
Authors: Velichová Daniela , Gabková Jana , Letavaj Peter
Published: March 2022

Analysis of the experimental results presented in the following chapter reveals experiences with introduction of active learning methods in basic mathematics courses at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. Experiment was implemented in the academic year 2018/19, in basic courses Mathematics I and Mathematics II scheduled in the first year of bachelor study programs and in subject Basics of Statistical Analysis for bachelor students in the second year of their studies. The aim of the experiment was to find achieved level of knowledge acquisition and to compare abilities of students to solve mathematical problems individually or by collective work and collaboration in small groups. Anonymous questionnaire answered by students after completion of the experiment provided rich feedback and overview of their opinions, from which their attitudes towards different teaching methods applied in 3 compulsory subjects from their study programs could be deduced and summarised. Based on received data, research analysed also results that students achieved comparing their achievement from the secondary schools and in both maths courses at the university.
Approaches to manage and understand student engagement in programming
Authors: Tavares Paula Correia , Gomes Elsa Ferreira , Henriques Pedro Rangel , Vieira Diogo Manuel
Published: March 2022

Computer Programming Learners usually fail to get approved in introductory courses because solving problems using computers is a complex task. The most important reason for that failure is concerned with motivation; motivation strongly impacts on the learning process. In this paper we discuss how techniques like program animation, and automatic evaluation can be combined to help the teacher in Computer Programming courses. In the article, PEP system will be introduced to explain how it supports teachers in classroom and how it engages students on study sessions outside the classroom. To support that work, students’ motivation was studied; to complement that study, a survey involving students attending the first year of Algorithms and Programming course of an Engineering degree was done. It is also presented a tool to analyse surveys, using association rules.
Effects of carbon nanotubes on mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composite under static loading
Authors: Kaboglu Cihan , Ferik Erdem
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research article is to show the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) addition on fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites produced by the vacuum infusion method on tensile performance. In this study, glass, carbon, and fiber fabric reinforced polymer matrix composite plates were produced using glass, carbon and aramid fiber fabrics with the same weave type and similar areal density. Using the same production parameters, the composite plates reinforced with different fiber types were produced with CNTs addition by 0.5 wt% of total composite. Additionally, since it is thought that the effect of CNTs on performance in different fiber types may be different, hybrid fiber fabric reinforced composite plate material containing a composition of glass, carbon and fiber fabrics was produced and this material was produced with CNTs additive using the same production parameters as in previous fiber reinforced composite plate productions. In the study, composite plates with and without CNTs were produced in various compositions including glass, carbon, aramid, and hybrid fiber fabrics. As a result, CNTs reinforcement has increased the mechanical performance under tensile stress in glass, carbon, and hybrid reinforced fabric composite structures, but on aramid fiber, CNTs has decreased the performance.
An approach for obtaining surface residual stress based on indentation test and strain measurement
Authors: Xue He , Jia Yu-Lei , Lu Jing-Zhi , Wang Shuang , Wang Zheng , Wang Shuai
Published: March 2022

During the welding process of welded joints in nuclear power plants, uneven deformation caused by temperature changes will lead to the generation of residual stress. Aiming at the problem that the demarcate experiment is easy to cause errors when the traditional indentation strain method is used to measure the residual stress. Using 316L austenitic stainless steel as an example, ABAQUS finite element simulation is combined with physical experiments to study the effects of different indentation depths on the strain increment after unloading under a state of residual stress. The results show that the indentation depth and strain increment are linearly related. Based on the linear relationship, an independent parameter that characterizes the residual stress is obtained and a model between the parameter and residual stress established. It provides a certain basis for the convenience and precise detection of residual stress in nuclear power plants machinery structures in service.
Structural design optimization of the arc spring and dual-mass flywheel integrated with different optimization methods
Authors: Yildiz Ahmet , Yilmaz Önder , Karabulut Hüseyin
Published: March 2022

This paper is about the structural design optimization of the torsional arc spring and the dual-mass flywheel (DMF) using three different population-based optimization techniques: Particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), and genetic algorithm (GA). For this purpose, the equations of the motions of the vehicle powertrain are derived and implemented into the dynamic analysis to minimize the vehicle torsional vibrations. The parameters and initial angles of the arc spring are optimized by considering the objective function that is the sum of the maximum acceleration amplitudes of the crankshaft vibrations. The results demonstrated that the proposed design procedure is able to provide a proper arc spring and DMF inertias to reduce the torsional vibration significantly. Moreover, it is indicated that the DE optimization techniques provide best performances than others. Finally, it is also shown that the natural frequencies can be reduced by the DMF and the optimization results are under the idling critical speed of the engine. The obtained results of this paper are of utmost importance for the arc spring manufacturer about the design process considering both DMF and spring parameters simultaneously to minimize torsional vibration of the vehicle powertrain.
Learning about Spatial and Temporal Proximity using Tree-Based Methods
Authors: Levin Ines
Published: March 2022

Learning about the relationship between distance to landmarks and events and phenomena of interest is a multi-faceted problem, as it may require taking into account multiple dimensions, including: spatial position of landmarks, timing of events taking place over time, and attributes of occurrences and locations. Here I show that tree-based methods are well suited for the study of these questions as they allow exploring the relationship between proximity metrics and outcomes of interest in a non-parametric and data-driven manner. I illustrate the usefulness of tree-based methods vis-à-vis conventional regression methods by examining the association between: (i) distance to border crossings along the US-Mexico border and support for immigration reform, and (ii) distance to mass shootings and support for gun control.
Kinetics of acid blue 40 dye degradation under solar light in the presence of CuO nanoparticles synthesized using Citrullus lanatus seeds extract
Authors: Aslam Arfa , Bhatti Haq N. , Fatima Shumaila , Ain Hiratul , Bibi Sadia , Ibrahim Sobhy M. , Iqbal Munawar
Published: March 2022

In view of eco-benign nature of green synthesis, in the present investigation, the CuO NPs are prepared using Citrullus lanatus seeds extract and photocatalytic degradation efficiency for Acid Blue 40 (AB-40) was evaluated. The CuO NPs were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray), and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) techniques. The synthesized CuO NPs was in face centered monoclinic crystalline form with particle size in 40–60 nm range. The photocatalytic degradation potential of CuO NPs was assessed for acid blue 40 (AB-40) dye degradation and catalyst dose, concentration of dye, radiation exposure time and pH are considered for dye removal. The CuO NPs exhibited auspicious efficiency, an 84.89% dye removal was attained at optimal conditions and dye degradation followed BMG (Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery) kinetics model. Results revealed CuO NPs synthesized using C. lanatus seeds extract is photoactive catalyst and green route can be employed for CuO NPs fabrication for photocatalytic applications.
Kompetenzorientierte Arbeitsplanung
Authors: Meyer Gerrit , Merwart Michael , Denkena Berend , Nyhuis Peter
Published: March 2022

Mitarbeiterkompetenzen stellen einen Schlüsselfaktor zur Verbesserung der Produktivität und Flexibilität in der Produktion dar. Sie finden in der Arbeitsplanung bisher jedoch keine hinreichende Berücksichtigung. In diesem Beitrag werden daher eine Methodik zur technologie- und kompetenzorientierten Arbeitsplanung dargestellt und Handlungsanweisungen zur integrierten Arbeitsplanung abgeleitet. Die Evaluation der Methodik erfolgte im Rahmen der webbasierten Weiterbildung CAPE.*
Kapazitätsflexibilität in der Produktion
Authors: Busse Tim Daniel , Nywlt Johannes , Nyhuis Peter
Published: March 2022

Das derzeitige Umfeld von produzierenden Unternehmen lässt sich durch eine hohe Dynamik, zunehmende Turbulenzen und knappe Ressourcen beschreiben. Als Differenzierungsmerkmal kommt der logistischen Leistungsfähigkeit dabei eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Insbesondere ist es für Unternehmen wichtig, Kapazitäten flexibel einsetzen zu können. Der Einfluss der Kapazitätsflexibilität auf das logistische Systemverhalten wird im Rahmen dieses Beitrags vorgestellt.
Structural and optoelectronic properties of CsSnBr3 metal halide perovskite as promising materials toward novel-generation optoelectronics
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts in Al-Muthnib, Qassim University, Al-Muthnib 51931, Saudi Arabia, Saad M. M. , Yousif S. E. A. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Albaha University, Baljurashi1998, Saudi Arabia
Published: March 2022

In this study, first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structural and optoelectronic properties of Sn-based inorganic metal halide perovskite CsSnBr3 are carried out and discussed in details. The Wu-Cohen (WC)-Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) based on the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FPLAPW) method is used to optimize the geometry structure of unit cell and then find the accurate optoelectronic properties of CsSnBr3. Analysis of structural optimization results revealed that the lattice parameters (𝑎0 = 5.776 Å) and unit cell volume of CsSnBr3 are exactly consistent with the experiments reports. Based on the results of band structures and density of states, CsSnBr3 is found to be nonmagnetic semiconductor with suitable direct band gap of (Eg = 0.610 eV) along the R symmetry point. In addition, the calculations of optical properties of CsSnBr3, such as the real 𝜀1 (𝜔) and imaginary 𝜀2 (𝜔) parts of the dielectric function, 𝜀(𝜔), absorption coefficient 𝛼(𝜔), reflectivity 𝑅(𝜔) and refractive index 𝑛(𝜔), have been performed in the photonic energy range of (0.0 – 15.0 eV). Finally, the results attained in the present study, which include the stable crystal structure and the high accurate optoelectronic properties such as appropriate direct band gap and high absorption of visible radiation, confirm the possible utilization of CsSnBr3 materials in novel optoelectronics applications as photovoltaic solar cells, photosensors, photodetectors, photodiodes and other related optoelectronics devices
Analysis of Communication Satellite Utilization Indonesian Banking
Authors: Prayudya Daffa Rizqi , Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: March 2022

Space technology keeps innovating and giving us the benefit to make our life easier, including satellite banking. However, BRI become the first bank that own satellite and claims it could improve efficiency. Therefore, this research aims to look at the efficiency of selected banks in Indonesia and its productivity growth on efficiency by the satellite ownership. We also want to examine if the ownership of the satellite could impact bank efficiency. Methods that will be used are divided into two steps, which are DEA and Tobit regression. The result of this research shows us that bank BRI achieves the highest efficiency and productivity growth, compared with other selected banks. The ownership of satellites also has a positive significant impact on bank efficiency. It could be implied that owning satellite for banks is beneficial, policymakers should increase budget spending and other banks could own satellite.
Impact of Agricultural Infrastructure Exposure on Inequality and Social Capital
Authors: Hesda Andar Ristabet
Published: March 2022

Infrastructure is expected as one of the engines of growth. However, there are also concerns about infrastructure externalities, such as inequality, social capital, and environmental issues. This study aims to clarify these unintended consequences of infrastructure, focusing on inequality and social capital. According to the instrumental variable approach, the estimation result shows that the district with high exposure to integrated agricultural infrastructure negatively associates with inequity and positively corresponds to social capital. One of the mechanisms behind it is increased farming productivity. This result implies that the complementarity aspect between infrastructure types should be considered in the infrastructure development plan and execution.
Can dysglycemia in OGTT be predicted by baseline parameters in patients with PCOS?
Authors: Livadas Sarantis , Bothou Christina , Kuliczkowska-Płaksej Justyna , Robeva Ralitsa , Vryonidou Andromahi , Macut Jelica Bjekic , Androulakis Ioannis , Opalic Milica , Mouslech Zadalla , Milewicz Andrej , Gambineri Alessandra , Panidis Dimitrios , Macut Djuro
Published: March 2022

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, which is the most appropriate way to evaluate dysglycemia in women with PCOS and who are at increased risk are as yet unclear.

Aim of the study

To determine the prevalence of T2DM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in PCOS women and potential factors to identify those at risk.

Subjects and methods

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), biochemical/hormonal profile, and ovarian ultrasound data from 1614 Caucasian women with PCOS and 362 controls were analyzed in this cross-sectional multicenter study. The data were categorized according to age and BMI.

Results

Dysglycemia (T2DM, IGT, and IFG according to World Health Organization criteria) was more frequent in the PCOS group compared to controls: 2.2% vs 0.8%, P = 0.04; 9.5% vs 7.4%, P = 0.038; 14.2% vs 9.1%, P = 0.002, respectively. OGTT was essential for T2DM diagnosis, since in 88% of them basal glucose values were inconclusive for diagnosis. The presence of either T2DM or IFG was irrespective of age (P = 0.54) and BMI (P = 0.32), although the latter was associated with IGT (P = 0.021). There was no impact of age and BMI status on the prevalence of T2DM or IFG. Regression analysis revealed a role for age, BMI, fat deposition, androgens, and insulin resistance for dysglycemia. However, none of the factors prevailed as a useful marker employed in clinical practice.

Conclusions

One-third of our cohort of PCOS women with either T2DM or IGT displayed normal fasting glucose values but without confirming any specific predictor for dysglycemic condition. Hence, the evaluation of glycemic status using OGTT in all women with PCOS is strongly supported.
Programming of cardiometabolic health: the role of maternal and fetal hyperinsulinaemia
Authors: Hufnagel Antonia , Dearden Laura , Fernandez-Twinn Denise S , Ozanne Susan E
Published: March 2022

Obesity and gestational diabetes during pregnancy have multiple short- and long-term consequences for both mother and child. One common feature of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and gestational diabetes is maternal hyperinsulinaemia, which has effects on the mother and her adaptation to pregnancy. Even though insulin does not cross the placenta insulin can act on the placenta as well affecting placental growth, angiogenesis and lipid metabolism. Obese and gestational diabetic pregnancies are often characterised by maternal hyperglycaemia resulting in exposure of the fetus to high levels of glucose, which freely crosses the placenta. This leads to stimulation of fetal ß-cells and insulin secretion in the fetus. Fetal hyperglycaemia/hyperinsulinaemia has been shown to cause multiple complications in fetal development, such as altered growth trajectories, impaired neuronal and cardiac development and early exhaustion of the pancreas. These changes could increase the susceptibility of the offspring to develop cardiometabolic diseases later in life. In this review, we aim to summarize and review the mechanisms by which maternal and fetal hyperinsulinaemia impact on (i) maternal health during pregnancy; (ii) placental and fetal development; (iii) offspring energy homeostasis and long-term cardiometabolic health; (iv) how interventions can alleviate these effects.
COVID-19 induced haemobilia: a novel entity
Authors: Koç Elif Sitre , Çiçek Bahattin
Published: March 2022

Hemobilia which is firstly described in 1948 is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Since its main clinic takes time to occur and may cause mortality, early diagnosis and management have a great importance. Almost for 3 years, the world has been facing with an unknown viral infection called COVID-19 whose clinic changes from asymptomatic respiratory infection to symptoms associated with multiple system involvement. The clinical presentation of Covid-19 infection varies tremendously depending on the severity of the illness. In this report, we present the first two cases of severe COVID-19 induced hemobilia.
A New Entity of Walled off Extra Pancreatic Necrosis is Associated with Better Outcomes Following Endoscopic Transmural Drainage
Authors: Rana Surinder S , Bush Nikhil , Kang Mandeep , Gupta Rajesh
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims: Previous studies have shown that patients with extra-pancreatic necrosis (EPN) alone are associated with better outcomes than patients with pancreatic necrosis (PN) in acute pancreatitis (AP). The natural history and drainage outcome of pancreatic collections resulting from PN vs. EPN has not been studied.

Methods: Clinical records of a prospectively maintained cohort of AP patients who underwent endoscopic drainage of walled of necrosis (WON) were reviewed. Computed tomography (CT) done on day 4 to 7 of illness was reviewed to identify EPN alone (Group 1) or PN with or without EPN (Group 2). Group 1 and 2 were compared for WON characteristics, as well as outcome and adverse effects of endoscopic drainage.

Results: Seventy-one patients in Group 2 (57 males; mean age 38.6±11.5 years) were compared with sixteen patients in Group 1 (12 males; mean age 34.5±10.8 years). WON developing in Group 2 were significantly larger (11.7±2.8 cm vs. 9.5±2.03 cm) with higher solid necrotic debris (30.4±9.8% vs. 13.7±7.2%). Endoscopic transmural drainage of WON associated with PN required a greater number of direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) sessions along with a longer time for resolution. The time taken for resolution correlated with size (r=0.629, p <0.01) and solid debris content (r=0.647, p<0.01), which were significantly higher in the PN group.

Conclusions: This new entity of walled of extra pancreatic necrosis alone has lesser solid necrotic debris and its endoscopic drainage is associated with better outcomes as compared to patients with walled off pancreatic necrosis.
Telemedicine solutions, a window of opportunity to bridge the gap in maternal and neonatal health services
Authors: Wanis Maha Abdel
Published: March 2022

A narrative review was conducted to examine the increased use of telemedicine solutions during COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss the benefits of using telemedicine techniques in the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortalities. Telemedicine has evolved significantly in the past couple of years since the outbreak of COVID-19. One of the areas where telemedicine can save lives is though remote connection with a higher-level facility or more skilled service providers that can deal with emergency obstetric care. Telemedicine use in emergency obstetric care can significantly reduce maternal and neonatal mortalities and morbidities in remote and underserved areas, and in facilities that have poor trained service providers. The advantages of applying telemedicine solutions in complicated child births are to overcome long distances, geographic isolation, lack of services, and lack of skilled personnel. It’s cost-effective, and more important saves lives. Disadvantages are mainly related to technological infrastructure, availability of an Internet, hardware, financial incentives to on-call recipients of the cases, and their commitment. The main functionalities of the telemedicine solution to respond to emergency and complicated childbirth cases are proposed to include video conference between health professionals in underserved and specialized service delivery points, sensor’s data for electrocardiogram, cardiotocography, ultrasound, and patient data recording. It needs to come with a mobile application to be used by specialists to enable them respond to and manage the emergencies.
Língua, neoliberalismo e K-Pop
Authors: Cordeiro Matheus
Published: March 2022

Na última década, o K-pop atravessou o globo, misturando não apenas ritmos e gêneros musicais, mas também línguas. Ao observar a profusão de línguas na música popular coreana, cabe-nos perguntar qual é o papel das línguas e de quais formas elas são empregadas no K-pop. Para responder a essas perguntas, foram selecionadas e compiladas 200 músicas de K-pop que tiveram destaque na década de 2010. Foi observado o massivo uso de code-switching e da reprodução de versões em outros idiomas, sendo utilizadas, durante toda a década, não apenas línguas majoritárias, mas também línguas minoritárias, locais e mortas. Nos anos pós 2014, o uso do code-switching foi mais frequente. Levando em consideração os dados obtidos por essa pesquisa, junto aos dados e padrões de crescimento e exportação da música popular coreana na década de 2010, constatou-se que o multilinguismo é uma das ferramentas fundamentais do K-pop por ser necessário para o meio de produção em que ele se insere e aocriar um diferencial de produto, fazendo-o alcançar maior difusão no mercado fonográfico internacional.
Productividad del pasto Cuba OM-22 (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum glaucum) con distintas dosis de fertilización nitrogenada
Authors: Cerdas Ramírez Roberto , Villalobos Edgar Vidal Vega , Rojas Jorge Claudio Vargas
Published: March 2022

Se realizó un ensayo para evaluar el comportamiento productivo del pasto Cuba OM-22, en Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, localidad situada a 54 msnm, con una precipitación anual de 1834 mm. Se evaluó la producción de biomasa verde y seca, el contenido y la producción de proteína cruda por hectárea y el contenido de macronutrientes y micronutrientes del Cuba OM-22 sometido a cuatro dosis de nitrógeno,  con cortes a los de 56 días: 50, 100, 150 y 200 kg N ha-1. El rendimiento de biomasa seca varió con las dosis de N aplicado, lo cual produjo 6,7 t, 8,5 t, 10,9 t y 11,3 t MS.ha-1 corte-1, la tasa de crecimiento de biomasa presentó valores de 120 kg, 152 kg, 195 kg y 201 kg MS ha-1 día-1, la producción de proteína cruda por hectárea fue de 459 kg, 751 kg, 1180 kg y 1459 kg PC ha-1 corte-1, con la aplicación de 50 kg, 100 kg, 150 kg y 200 kg N ha-1 corte-1 respectivamente. Todos los nutrientes se presentaron en cantidades adecuadas para la salud y producción animal, con la excepción del potasio (K), que mostró valores superiores a 3,0% de la materia seca, con las dosis de 150 y 200 kg N ha-1 corte-1. Se recomienda aplicar al pasto Cuba OM-22, 150 kg N ha-1 por corte de 56 días.
Italian emigration and Italian Language in Costa Rica
Authors: Castro-Prieto Allan
Published: March 2022

In the following article, I present a summary of several aspects of the Italian migration in Costa Rica. First, the typology of Italian migrants, second, a brief description of the language they spoke, third, the diglossic position of languages in their repertoire, fourth, the Italians in Costa Rica, their location of origin in Italy, fifth, their original languages, finally the influence of Spanish and some conclusions found in Franceschi.
Poems
Authors: Villanea Morales Lucía
Published: March 2022

A selection of Poems by Lucía Villanea Morales
Authentic cultural communication: A collaborative Intercampus Cultural Awareness Project
Authors: Sánchez Víquez Andrea , Boes Naderer Joan Marie
Published: March 2022

This investigation acknowledges and explores the cultural differences within the Costa Rican society by performing a cultural awareness project with university students from the same course but in different regions of the country.  It will outline from both the professors and the students’ perspectives how the project was successful and effectively met the course objectives. Through a quantitative analysis, this article claims that inter-campus projects present an authentic opportunity for successful intercultural communication and also significant opportunities for collaborative teaching.
Finisterre. Colección de poemas de autores costarricenses
Authors: Abarca Hernández Oriester , Rodríguez Cascante Francisco , Arias Alpízar Luz Mary , Salas Alvarado Jonathan , Quesada Chaves María José
Published: March 2022

Una colección de poemas de autores costarricenses editada por Oriester Abarca Hernández.
Carbono en el suelo: comparación entre un área de pastos y un bosque
Authors: Rojas-Solano Jennifer , Brenes-Gamboa Saúl , Abarca-Monge Sergio
Published: March 2022

Se determinó la cantidad de carbono que aportan pastos de piso con respecto a un bosque. El estudio se realizó en Turrialba, Costa Rica. Se evaluó: concentración de carbono, carbono orgánico, densidad aparente y materia orgánica. El bosque capturó y almacenó más carbono que los pastos, pero la densidad aparente del suelo fue menor en los pastos. El pasto Cynodon nlemfuensis obtuvo los mayores valores para la concentración de carbono y biomasa aérea.
Potencial forrajero de variedades de maíces costarricenses
Authors: Dittel-Pérez María F. , Brenes-Gamboa Saúl , Sánchez-Ledezma William
Published: March 2022

Se evaluó el potencial forrajero de maíces costarricenses y la fenología del cultivo. Se registró la altura de la planta, número de hojas y el diámetro del tallo cada 15 días, desde el mes de establecido y hasta el día de la cosecha. El tallo fue la parte de la planta que más aportó (entre 44 y 54 %) a la producción de forraje verde total, seguido de la mazorca (entre 24 y 34 %), mientras que la hoja es la que mayor aporta al rendimiento de materia seca.
¿Dos comunidades en disputa? El caso de Atenas y Tacares por el acceso al recurso hídrico
Authors: Castillo-Leandro Alisson Teresita , León-Álvarez Roy Anthony
Published: March 2022

Este artículo analiza el conflicto social entre las comunidades de Tacares Sur y Atenas, generado a raíz del proyecto Mejoras al Acueducto de Atenas, propuesto y ejecutado por el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados [AyA]. Para esto, se utilizó el método etnográfico y por medio de un abordaje cualitativo, se aplicaron entrevistas a profundidad a trabajadores, tanto del AyA como de las Asociaciones Administradoras de los Sistemas de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Comunales [ASADA] Tacares Sur, y entrevistas etnográficas a miembros de ambas comunidades, ya que la percepción de estos sobre los acontecimientos son el fundamento de la investigación. Además, se analizó al recurso hídrico como informante clave. Se concluye que el conflicto se originó por falta de información y mala comunicación de los involucrados, esto propició que el chisme cobrara relevancia en ambas comunidades como medio para explicar el actuar de las instituciones involucradas y en el comportamiento de su contraparte.
Remediating the Archive: Sabrina Gschwandtner’s Film Quilts as Forms of Material Knowledge
Authors: Rémy Lola
Published: March 2022

This article argues that the quilting works of Sabrina Gschwandtner, which sew archival 16 mm film strips into complex and colourful visual patterns, offer an understanding of film archives as embodied sites of historical, gendered, knowledge. As cinematic objects, Gschwandtner’s film quilts veer from and expand the conception of cinema as a projected medium, while the artisanal labour of sewing spatializes the process of editing, “lending [it] a concreteness” (Walley 2020, 327). The quilts, I argue, embody a form of archiveology, drawing on “archival material to produce knowledge about how history has been represented and how representations […]  are actually historical in themselves and have anthropological value” (Russell 2018, 22). The historical knowledge of these objects is no longer transmitted didactically and orally (as in the found footage documentaries she uses), but rather through the very materiality of the quilting process. Gschwandtner’s artisanal work mirrors the gendered labour of film editors, while reflecting on the historical significance of quilts as carriers of information transmitted in gendered and racialised circles. I contend that the film quilts are sensory vectors of archival knowledge. While offering crucial considerations on the disregard of American institutions (and archives) towards feminized artisanal labour, Gschwandtner’s work also remediates these archival materials, calling attention to their deterioration as slowly decaying, sensory objects. This remediation allows me to consider archives as sites of sensorial interactions and constantly evolving historical and embodied knowledge.
Awakening the film censors’ archive in [CENSORED] (2018)
Authors: Henry Claire
Published: March 2022

[CENSORED] (2018) is a feature-length collage of clips excised from international films by the Australian Film Censorship Board between 1958 and 1971, which historian and artist Sari Braithwaite uncovered in the National Archives of Australia. While the censored clips were archived alphabetically, Braithwaite curates them by motif, capturing the numbness generated by archivists’ and censors’ processes through repetitive bombardment of similar imagery in various categories of sex and violence. Compiling and re-categorising this trove of censored fragments produces a new perspective not only into past practices of censorship but more insightfully, into patterns of gendered dynamics and action in narrative cinema. Through feminist critical practice, Braithwaite deploys a ‘layered gaze’ and expands a critique of censorship to a critique of cinema. Braithwaite’s film mobilizes ‘productive misuse’ (Baron 2020), not for her original goal of damning censorship, but to reflect on cinematic fixations (including female nudity and sexual violence) and spectatorial implication. By suturing the censors’ excisions, Braithwaite draws attention to her own growing feminist ‘disenchantment’ (Elsaesser 2005) with cinema culture as she engages with the censors’ offcuts. [CENSORED] documents an awakening of – and from – the censors’ archive. The film evolves through sensory engagement with this archive, and in doing so, provides insight into the comparable – and sometimes complicit – processes of film spectatorship, censorship, and audio-visual archival research.
Double Vision: Encountering Early Ethnographic Films in the Digital Archive
Authors: Löffler Petra
Published: March 2022

In 1908, Georg Thilenius, director of the Hamburg Museum für Völkerkunde, sent a group of researchers on an expedition to the then-German colonies in Melanesia and Micronesia. The team was also equipped with a film camera. In comparison to the several thousand photographs, sketches, and notes the quantity of film produced was very low: only around eleven minutes could be shot on 35mm footage. This footage, transferred to 16mm film in the 1940s and digitised in 2018-19, is analysed both as an event of early ethnographic filmmaking and as a specific archival object: to date the object biography of the Hamburg films shows significant changes of their materiality and no less important ruptures concerning their preserving archives. This featurette raises questions about the significance of film recordings for ethnographic research, the role of archives and museums in their preservation or digitisation, and, not least, their entanglement in German colonial politics. It reconstructs the object biography of the Hamburg films based on signatures, inventory lists, and descriptions of the expedition members to shed light on this entanglement and to question its status as an archival object. In doing so it argues for a relational understanding of ethnographic filmmaking and its preservation that accounts for the responsibilities, constraints, and different interests of the people and institutions involved in capturing, distributing, and transforming moving images into an archival object.