bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Wear Resistance of the Friction Surfaces of Rotating Parts Made of Bearing Steels Through Hardening Processing Methods
Authors: Tkachuk A , Zabolotnyi O , Chetverzhuk T , Svirzhevskyi K , Kononenko A
Published: February 2021

During the study, it was found that the basic technological processes of forming cylindrical working surfaces of friction pairs do not fully provide a rational combination of micro geometric characteristics and physical and mechanical properties of the surface layer. Therefore, we proposed to evaluate the wear resistance of the working surfaces of parts to use a complex indicator that takes into account the influence of technological factors on the properties of the material and the performance characteristics of the surface layer for the running-in and continuous operation modes. Plots of distribution of equivalent stresses by indentors of different geometric configurations are constructed and the optimal shape and material of the deforming element are established. A model of the dynamics of the deformation of the workpiece with a single-axis elastic tool has been developed, which can be used to calculate the radial force in the contact zone. The calculation scheme corresponds to the scheme of the axial cam mechanism. Based on the analysis of the influence of the geometric characteristics of the deforming element on the parameters of the deformation process, a barrel-type indenter was developed for fixing which a slider-type holder was developed with the ability to adjust the stiffness of the dynamic system.
Study of toxic gas adsorption on silicon substrate integrated with piezoelectric material for sensing application using COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Akshya S , Vimala Juliet A
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to study the analytical response of micro cantilever based gas sensor for the quantification of NOx gas molecules, simultaneously discussing the possibility of a different measurement technique. Numerous packed and digital gas sensors are available in the market, but each with its own limits. MEMS sensors provide smart working, portable, save space, and reusable. Hence the micro cantilever beam deposited with an active material such as palladium, reduced graphene oxide to monitor and obtain the concentration of NOx was identified in terms of deflection for deposited mass. The physics and study provided by COMSOL Multiphysics will be exploited for the current usage. Various materials such as silicon and diamond as a substrate were simulated and compared. This paper discussed about the different micro cantilever beam structures for the gas sensing mechanism and selects the better structure based on their deformation in structure due to applied mass. The excellent trapping substrate material for NOx is chosen. A new measurement technique using piezoelectric material will be discussed. The proposed method will be discussed based on their pros and cons by compared with other sensors. The drawbacks of the proposed technique are also highlighted. Overcoming the drawback of conventional measurement methodology and devising a novel sensor to make it compatible for gas sensing.
Performance and Shelf-Life of Electrospun Ag-doped WO3 Nanofiber-Based SERS Substrates
Authors: Juntaracena Komkrit , Yuangkaew Tienthong , Horpratum Mati , Triroj Napat , Jaroenapibal Papot
Published: February 2021

Recent advances in Ag-doped WO3 nanofibers have provided an opportunity to fabricate high quality and low-cost surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. This work studied the performance and shelf-life of Ag-doped WO3 nanofiber-based substrates. Methylene blue (MB) molecules were used as analytical references. The prepared substrates were stored in ambient air at room temperature for the duration of 12 months. The Raman enhancement factor (EF) of freshly prepared sample was calculated to be 6.2 × 105. In the first 6 months, a small decrease in EF was observed. The EF was found to significantly decrease after samples were stored for 12 months. After 12 months, the relative standard deviations (RSD) of Raman signals changed from 10.35% to 50.29%, indicating non-uniform Raman enhancements at different locations of the sample. These suggested agglomerations of Ag nanoparticles, which deteriorated the Raman enhancement effect, after samples were stored for a prolonged period.
A novel to control defects of P-N semiconductor device by SRFE process
Authors: Sangwaranatee N , Srithanachai I , Niemcharoen S
Published: February 2021

This paper present the results from soft radiation flash exposure (SRFE) process. In principle of semiconductor device always has defect in structure from fabrication process and impact from usage environment. Although, device have control process but still has unexpected defects. Then, I would like to share results of SRFE process to control defects in P-N semiconductor device by exposed on device for few second with optimize radiation energy. The defects has disappear after passed SRFE process. The optimize of exposure energy and time will cure or remove defect in devices structure.
Synthesis and electrochemical performance of cobalt oxide deposited on nickel-foam for energy storage devices
Authors: Jangu S , Debnath N K , Acharya V
Published: February 2021

Efficient and flexible energy storage materials are the future of energy technology. Among the various energy storage devices supercapacitor which stores electrochemical energy with higher power density than battery and higher energy density than capacitor is a potential device. In the supercapacitor, electrode active material plays very important role for storage and transportation of electrolytic ions. Herein, we have synthesized substrate free cobalt oxide deposited nickel-foam with the help of microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique, which is novel and faster synthesis process than conventional synthesis processes. Morphological characterization of as-synthesized samples was investigated with FESEM. Electrochemical performance with specific capacitance (Cs) value of 98.31 F g1 at 0.25 A g1 current density and 93.59 F g1 at 1 mV s1 scan rate obtained from galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry curves.
Thermovision study on Alumina’s Ra v/s Ts for AIDHVACS to control COVID-19
Authors: Arora Ashutosh , Singh Prithvi , Arora CM , Bansal Sanjay Kumar , Dixit Ambesh
Published: February 2021

The current study is the authors’ next work from the thermo vision perspective of real time single sun solar field performance infrared thermography (IRT) on commercial grade Alumina solar absorber surface coatings (SASCs) to recognize surface roughness (Ra) as one of the important production process parameters. In a previous study, it was investigated with IRT, and found that Ra<1.8 is favorable and hard anodized Alumina (HAAO) coatings exhibits better surface temperature (Ts) gain as compared to organic dyed non-HAAO coatings on Aluminum substrate, and are more stable in solar field for many years in open air environment without degrading their performance. It may be useful in better optimization of SASCs specifically for personal protective equipments (PPEs) sanitization and artificial intelligence (AI) driven heating ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) systems (AIDHVACS) design to control Covid-19 in current situations.The influence of Ra of few microns ∼ <15 µm on Alumina SASCs’ Ts gain is examined. The presented study shows that more than 1.05 mm thickness of substrate flat is necessary to develop good quality of alumina coating; Ra<1.8 µm is favorably expected to the extent of Ra value approaching as close as to nanoscale ∼ 5-500 nm; local surface temperature gained is depending upon local Ra profile as well as upon surface morphology in addition to the anodizing process parameters and other environmental factors. It suggests that the optimal surface profile should be designed as an integral to the production line processes. The substrate surface chemical composition may also change while processing due to surface contact with the processing tools, which may also result in altered solar field performance due to substrate altered material composition prior to hard anodizing process, as examined with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). The novelty is that other studies of surface roughness parameter is focused upon convective heat transfer inside tunnel or duct solar heat absorbers e.g. air heaters, whereas the authors have focused upon surface roughness of solar radiation receiving outer surface as an important commercial production process variable having effect upon conductive heat transfer in solar thermal power systems. The AIDHVACS needs machine learning and big data analysis as the need of the hour.
Radioactive decay of thorium and uranium in the liquid lead and molten salt
Authors: Tien Tran Minh , Khanh Nguyen Kim , Ngan Nguyen Kim , Nhi Nguyen Thi Tuyet
Published: February 2021

The accelerator driven subcritical reactor (ADSR) is very interested in the recent years. One of the researches is about the fuel, fuel should be thorium or uranium; the coolant is liquid lead or molten salt. This paper presents the results of research on the radioactive spectrum of thorium in molten salt, uranium in molten salt, and liquid lead. These research results include energy spectrums of alpha, beta, gamma, neutrino particles; the energy spectrums of the daughter nucleus.
Similarity measure on bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy soft set
Authors: Anita Shanthi S , Jayapalan Prathipa , Darwin Christdhas Henry L
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with, similarity measure on BIFSS. Decision making method on similarity measure of BIFSS is constructed. Finally, an example is provided to show the applicability of this method.
Vibration mitigation of high-rise buildings via tuned mass damper subjected to dynamic loads
Authors: Miah Mohammad Shamim
Published: February 2021

Vibration mitigation and control problems in structural engineering are complex to deal with due to many reasons such as overall size of the structures (high-rise or low-rise), controlling systems (passive, active, semi-active, hybrid), and unknown input excitations. This study focuses into the vibration mitigation of high-rise buildings via the use of tuned-mass-damper (TMD). To do this end, a 15-storied structure is considered and the investigations are performed by employing MATLAB and SIMULINK. Even though the functionality of TMD is simple as the main controlling parameters are mass ratio, stiffness, and damping of the TMD. However, the tuning process of TMD parameters (e.g. manual tuning) gets complicated when the structures get taller and larger. Therefore, to deal with the aforementioned issues, the sensitivity of the TMD parameters have been performed. And the optimization is carried out by employing an unconstrained multi-variable function using derivative-free method and those (e.g. optimized) parameters are incorporated to perform the final simulations. Herein the performance of the TMD is compared with an uncontrolled system where no damper was used. In a nutshell, the outcome of this study shows that the vibration mitigation of high-rise buildings are possible effectively with optimized (optimal) parameters of the TMD.
Modeling compressive, split tensile strength and chloride ion penetration of concrete incorporating marble powder
Authors: Gehlot Tarun , Sankhla Suresh Singh , Parihar Sangeeta
Published: February 2021

The use of recycle materials as concrete ingredients has gained popularity because of increasingly stringent environmental legislation. This research paper check the possibility of replacement of sand (Fine aggregate) by marble powder recovered from marble slurry waste of marble processing units from 0% to 20 %, in production of concrete. This Research paper explore the mathematical modeling of compression strength of concrete cube specimens cured at 7 & 28 days, Split Tensile Strength at 28 days and Chloride penetration resistance of cylindrical concrete specimens cured at 28 days incorporating Marble Powder. Experimental investigation done on various concrete specimens to acknowledge compressive, split tensile strength and chloride penetration. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has been substituted with 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% by Marble Powder than after Concrete Cubes & cylindrical specimens prepared accordingly. Compressive strength test, Split Tensile Strength Test has been done concrete specimens and Rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) has been done on cylindrical specimens. Three predictive regression models has been developed, one for compression strength (CS) of concrete cubes at 7, 28 days and second one for split tensile strength (STS) of concrete samples at 28 days age and last model for RCPT value i.e. charge passed Q@28days in cylindrical concrete specimens. Chloride penetration predictive Model Q @ 28 Days has value of 0.93, 0.69, 200.11 and 0.022 for R Square, Adjusted R Square, Standard Error, and P value. All predictive math models has been confirmed by data in complete range and has superior precision, correlation with experimental data and results.
Analysis of Seismic data using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Sruthi A A V L , Bhargavi R , Gospati Vineesha Reddy
Published: February 2021

Earthquakes result in a gigantic loss of lives and properties to people because of its powerful, devastating and deep action. Over the years, a lot of research is going on to forecast the likelihood of occurrence of an earthquake to minimize the loss. In this study, a data mining technique i.e., classification analysis has been applied to estimate the most accurate earthquake model. Previous seismic data were collected and classified by applying k-NN (k-nearest neighbors algorithm) and Random forest algorithms. k-NN is a supervised machine learning algorithm used for bigger datasets (generally for statistical estimation) to determine the accuracy of the model. Random forest algorithm is also a supervised algorithm which is used for both classification and regression. By using this algorithm, multiple decision trees can be created over the datasets as well as predicting and offering a solution. Analysis and visualization of the data has been done and subsequently a comparative analysis of these two algorithms were done and tested to obtain the efficiency in predicting the accuracy of the earthquake model in terms of earthquake magnitude and depth
An intensive online survey of climate change due to development of roads and bridges on the highway road at Coimbatore – an evidence
Authors: Thenmozhi G , Cherian Mary , Nirmala M , Lalitha R
Published: February 2021

Climate change plays a major role in global warming. Coimbatore is a city with equal distribution of industrial and agricultural development and is fully surrounded with greenery in the past. Due to the increase in population and development of industries, development of infrastructural facilities for transportation becomes necessary. When compared to other districts, most of the human population make use of their own vehicles. The net result of industrialization in Coimbatore is the growth in infrastructure, ease in access to different places at reduced time with loss in trees. In this study, it was found that more trees were cut down in the past five years of period which causes reduced rainfall, increased air and soil temperature, increased pollutant gases. Because of these changes, there exists a decrease in underground water level and the quality of the air becomes poor. Hence, an online survey was conducted to validate the results obtained through meteorological data to obtain the actual outcome. Opinion poll was conducted in person and through online at Coimbatore to get the actual feedback from the public audience to mitigate the change in climate.
Evaluation of time series methods for distribution system state forecasting.
Authors: Thasnimol C M , Rajathy R
Published: February 2021

High proliferation of DERs in the distribution system necessitates forecasting ability for state estimator. A dynamic state estimation is a fundamental tool for realizing distribution system automation. Selection of appropriate methodological framework is an essential step before implementing dynamic state estimation. We applied Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Random Forest and Long Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) time series models to dynamic power system state estimation problem and found out that the LSTM model outperforms the other two in prediction accuracy.
Collaborative artificial bee colony k-mean clustering algorithm for mixed data set
Authors: Nalini C , Sudeeptha J , Charulatha B S , Valarmathi P
Published: February 2021

Data mining techniques are used to extract useful patterns from a large data set. k-mean algorithm is one of the most famous partitioning clustering algorithm. But, Euclidean distance is sensitive to outliers and is suitable to only numeric values. Real time datasets have mixed attribute values, missing values and measurements are not in the standard format.The proposed algorithm extends the ability of the kmean algorithm to use a mixed simil arity measure to find the similarity between data objects for clustering mixed datasets.For imp uting missing values, correlation based data imputation is used.In addition, k-mean output depends on the initial cluster centre and local optima suffers from the number of clusters(k). In order to improve the efficiency of the k-mean algorithm, Artificial Bee Colony Optimization (ABC) based clustering algorithm is suggested. ABC is successful at exploring the search space, but endures in leveraging the search space. Collaborative search is used to amplify the search quality of bees to amplify the search quality of bees employees. To determine the number of clusters for the given data set, the Elbow method is used. In order to evaluate the outcome of the proposed algorithm, real time datasets are used. The results showed that the proposed method performs well compared to comparative algorithms.
Split and rule algorithm for documents clustering in big data of research articles on Google scholar
Authors: Thirumaran S , Nagarajan R
Published: February 2021

Big data of digital documents must be ranked in online repositories as a result of the exponential rise in digital information and the user’s needs. The ranking process plays an important role in online repositories as it helps users to identify the document, what they want exactly. Various ranking techniques have been suggested on the basis of various measures, such as the number of citations of the journal article, the impact factor of the publication platform, the quality of the article, the published year of the article, bookmarks, etc. However, the current ranking algorithms often offer meaningless results due to some limitations, which suggest the potential for further development of ranking mechanisms. This paper proposes an efficient split and rule algorithm that uses both static and dynamic ranking of documents in Google scholar. The proposed algorithm uses paper citations, user input, and the clustering mechanism for document ranking. The optimized solution obtained from the proposed split and rule algorithm offers a cluster-shaped filtered search result list against the user query.
Feature concatenation for scene classification of VHR images based on canonical correlation analysis.
Authors: Thirumaladevi S , Veera Swamy K , Sailaja M
Published: February 2021

The recent advancements of technology in remote sensing enable us to get very high-resolution images (VHR). To do scene classification in these images turned significant and become a challenging problem due to the lack of availability of adequate labelled data. We get over fitting problems by training a limited amount of labelled data. Considering the features obtained by deep learning convolutional nets as inputs we address this issue. Here we utilize the existing VGG16, Alex Net frameworks as a feature extractor to extricate informative features from the authentic VHR Images. Succeeding, discuss feature concatenation and classification framework based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). This strategy uses the correspondence of two feature vectors of discriminant information and eradicates redundant information within the features. This permits a more effective approach than conventional extraction techniques exclusively. The experimental results demonstrate that the feature concatenation strategy based on the CCA technique produces good informative features and accomplishes a higher accuracy with much dimension reduction than exclusively using the raw deep features. We use a 0.3 sub-meter resolution UC MERCED data set to explore our approach.
Miniaturization of asymmetrical gaussian profiled corrugated horn
Authors: Sachaniya Prashant D , Rathod Jagdishkumar M
Published: February 2021

In this paper, miniaturization of the asymmetrical profiled corrugated horn with low sidelobes, low cross-polarization, and good beam symmetry is presented. The miniaturized corrugated horn is designed at 2.48 GHz and optimizes the result between the frequency sweeps of 2 GHz to 4 GHz. At design frequency, the result of the S11 Parameter is -30.2966 dB, and the S11 Parameter remains below -20 dB between 2 GHz to 4 GHz. The asymmetrical profiled corrugated horn comprises the Gaussian Profiled Corrugation part and the most widely used Variable Depth Slot Mode Converter. The purpose of the mode converter is to generate hybrid mode in the corrugated horn antenna. The length of the asymmetrical profiled corrugated horn antenna after applying the miniaturization technique is only 3.5λ long. The designed horn full-fill the number of S-Band applications such as Satellite communication, Radio astronomy, Weather Radar, Surface ship radar.
Time domain analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for word level comprehension in deaf graduates with congenital and acquired hearing loss
Authors: Shirly G , Jerritta S
Published: February 2021

Deafness can be classified on the basis of onset as congenital and acquired hearing loss. The brain is a sensitive part of our body, electrical pulses from the neurons interact with each other, generating brain signals. EEG signals are extensively used for clinical diagnosis for any brain anomalies, language comprehension and performance measurement studies. This study mainly focuses on analysing the word level comprehension in deaf adults in the age group (21 -25 years) using EEG signals. The raw EEG signals were pre-processed and the relevant time domain linear and nonlinear features were extracted and classified using machine learning algorithms. The approximate entropy feature was found to be best suited for finding the comprehension of both congenital and acquired deaf adults. This feature of ISL was observed to be achieving better classification rate with a maximum average accuracy of 96% in both congenital and acquired deaf adults using SVM classifier.
Active cell balancing for a 2s Lithium ion battery pack using flyback converter and push-pull converter
Authors: Pannickottu Nivya Kuzhivila , Deepa K
Published: February 2021

The usage of Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries has been increasing day by day due to environmental concerns. One of the major applications in which Li-ion batteries are used is electric vehicles (EVs). Li-ion batteries are highly sensitive to over-voltage, under-voltage and temperature conditions unlike other batteries. Li-ion batteries need real-time monitoring and a battery management system (BMS) is used for this purpose. This paper talks about active cell balancing schemes using transformer switching. Active cell balancing is done to balance the imbalances created in the battery pack to maintain a constant state of charge (SOC). A comparative study on pack-to- cell configurations of active cell balancing using switched transformer method is done to draw conclusions.
Harris hawks optimization algorithm based power loss minimization in micro grid incorporated with distributed generation
Authors: Kasi Santhosh , Neela R
Published: February 2021

In this paper, Harris hawks optimization algorithm is used to solve the distributed generation placement problem in the micro grid. Distributed generation will effectively mitigate the loss of a real power system and improve the voltage profile. Thus, reducing actual power loss is viewed as a fitness function to optimally locate and rate the distributed generation in the micro grid. The method presented is applied in the IEEE test systems, such as the 33-bus and 69-bus micro grids. Simulation analyses are performed in MATLAB simulation software and simulation results are compared with existing PSO and ES-PSO algorithms. The results show the superiority and consistency of the Harris hawks optimization algorithm in terms of power loss minimization, voltage profile, and execution time.
Estimation of Tool Life by Industrial Method and Taylors Method Using Coated Carbide Insert in Turning of Work-Material Ss316l
Authors: Dabreo Prince , Pashte Samhita , Dmonte Larisa , Dabre Lavin
Published: February 2021

In metal cutting process, selection of process parameters is important to enhance the machining performance and to improve the production rate. Tool life plays a vital role in deciding the overall productivity of manufacturing. In this paper, turning experiment is conducted to calculate the tool life of coated carbide insert in wet environment in a CNC lathe machine. The work material used was stainless steel SS316L. The tool life was calculated by industrial method that is by taking into account the number of jobs turned till it is declared fail, and then tool life is calculated by using theoretical method (Taylor’s tool life Equation). During the turning operation modes of tool failure were identified.
Estimation of tribological performance of Al- LSP composites using grey – fuzzy reasoning approach
Authors: Lokanadham D , Venkata Subbaiah K
Published: February 2021

An attempt is made on tribological performance of aluminium composite (Al-Mg-Si) reinforced with Limestone slurry waste powder (LSP). Aluminium Metal matrix composite (AMC) is prepared using LSP by varying from 4% wt to 16% wt. LSP with 12 %wt. is shown better wear performance as compared to others. The experiments are designed based on the Taguchi approach (L25). In this study, sliding velocity (V), % of LSP (R), sliding distance (D) and load (L) as input parameters, whereas wear rate (WR- mm3/Nm) and coefficient of friction (CF) are responses. In addition, multi-variables are transformed to a single grey relation analysis (GRA) variable. The multivariable wear behaviour responses are transformed into one single variable with a grey relation grade. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed to determine the contribution of each parameter with interaction effects of design variables. The experimental results specify that the performance of wear behaviour characteristics in the tribological process has been improved by using grey-fuzzy reasoning grade (GFRG).
Challenge in magnesium microforming
Authors: Kiswanto Gandjar , Supriadi Sugeng , Titik Dwiyati Siska
Published: February 2021

Microforming is a method of manufacturing near-net shape micro parts by plastic deformation. This method has attracted much attention and is potentially adopted to manufacture various micro parts due to its distinct advantages, such as good strength of the deformed parts, high production rate, less scraps, and low cost. Among the materials studied in microforming research, copper is the most studied material, followed by aluminum and steel. Recently, magnesium has become an interesting research topic since the trend of magnesium application has emerged in electronics and medical fields. However, magnesium has low formability at room temperature that makes magnesium microforming a challenge. Hence, this paper discusses an overview about recent development in magnesium microforming and the challenges in controlling the size effect and formability of magnesium by elevated temperature and grain refinement.
A study on improvement of cold flow behaviour and thermal-oxidation stability of Camellia sinensis assamica (tea) oil lubricants as industrial lubricant
Authors: Choudhury Nabajit D , Saha Niharendu , Kataki Rupam
Published: February 2021

In recent years, vegetable oil based bio-lubricant has drawn attention due to its inherent eco-friendly characteristics such as non-toxicity and high biodegradability. Low thermal-oxidation stability and pour point temperatures limit large-scale industrial application of vegetable oil based lubricant. The present work studied improvement of pour point temperature and oxidation stability of Camellia sinensis assamica (tea) seed oil (CSO) with varying weight percentage of Camellia sinensis assamica deoiled cake derived bio-oil. Bio-oil was added with CSO at 5%, 10% and 15% concentration by weight. The results showed improvement of oxidation stability due to presence of alkylated phenols in bio-oil. The oxidation onset temperature was increased from 243.89°C to 274.55°C. The pour point of CSO also improved from initial temperature -4°C to -27°C.
Design and stress distribution analysis of composite spur gear
Authors: Subramanian M , Mariyappan J , Udayakumar ASM , Balasubramanian T , Balakrishnan S
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the contact stress analysis of the carbon-fiber/epoxy resin composite gear train, where a spur gear models are developed using advanced software for pro-e modelization and torque load application meshed and analyzed using the Abaqus analysis software. The interaction of the tooth in a three-dimensional coordinate of a pair of spur gear systems is analyzed as body touch in this paper. The analysis consists of one loading condition in which, by limiting all degrees of driven gear freedom, the torque load on the driving gear is imposed. The model is mated in such a manner that the fine and coarse components around the gear teeth can be found in other parts of the model. Displacement magnitude and three-dimensional stress are found for both the driven machinery and the moving gear.
Effects of piston and cylinder swirl generation on the performance of ceiba pentandra and nigella sativa B20 biodiesel blended diesel engine operation
Authors: Pradeep S G , Banapurmath N R , Basavarajappa Y H , Ganachari Sharanabasava V , Vastrad Akshay M
Published: February 2021

In order to improve the combustion of two B20-based Ceiba Penandra (CPNTOME B20) and Nigella Sativa (NIZSAOME B20) selected for the analysis, experimental Investigations into a modified diesel engine have been conducted with artificially induced swirl techniques implemented on both the piston and the head of the cylinder. B20 Biodiesels Used to decrease dependence on fossil-based fuels and there by address the alarmins emission levels in the atmosphere as biodiesels are renewable and are carbon neutral candidates. Growing number of piston grooves and number of cylinder head grooves and bridges increase engine output in terms of higher thermal break efficiency (BTE), lower hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), smoke emissions while CPNTOME B20 showed higher performance while NOx increased from the two B20 blends.
Fabrication and field evaluation of a wheel weeder
Authors: Choudary R B , Sekhar V C , Ajayaram B , Nageswara Rao G
Published: February 2021

In general human energy is used in small farms for doing fieldwork (tilling, aerating and weeding). But availability of skilled workers is less during the time of exigencies. Controlling the weeds is one of the laborious steps in crop cycle. With high labour charges and more time needed, complete hand weeding is uneconomical. In the present work comparative evaluation of an ergonomically designed wheel weeder was made with that of conventional weeding tools viz. trench hoe, spade and wheel weeder available in market. Travel speed, field efficiency, field capacity, working capacity, weeding efficiency and plant damage were calculated. Results indicate that ergonomically designed weeder is superior compared to trench hoe, spade and conventional wheel weeder. It reduces drudgery. It is economical and reduces drudgery as well. It operates up to a depth of 22 to 35 mm with a field capacity of 0.0038 ha/h. Hazard occurrence was also low.
Disaster preparedness collaboration between Banda Aceh and Japan
Authors: Fuady M , Buraida  , Fuady M R F
Published: February 2021

As a disaster-prone area, the city of Banda Aceh was one of the locations that experienced an earthquake and tsunami that destroyed parts of the city at the end of 2004. An earthquake with a magnitude of 9.3 SR accompanied by a tsunami resulted in almost half of the settlement area of Banda Aceh being severely damaged. After destroyed by the biggest earthquake in Indonesia in the past few decades, the city of Banda Aceh has now recovered and is preparing itself as a city that is alert to disasters. The city recovery process has proceeded relatively quickly, and this has influenced the enthusiasm of citizens to be involved in working with various domestic and foreign institutions that helped build Aceh post-disaster. One of the countries that have collaborated with the Banda Aceh city government in disaster preparedness is the Japanese government. The collaboration was manifested in the form of sharing experiences, training, and discussions on disaster mitigation in the construction of the city of Banda Aceh as a sustainable city that is disaster prepared. With the openness of the city government to accept input and support from outside, many disaster preparedness-based activities are carried out to educate the public to be alert for disasters. For this reason, the study seeks to evaluate the disaster preparedness of the city of Banda Aceh, especially the coastal settlements of the city of Banda Aceh that are prone to the tsunami disaster. This aspect of the review in disaster preparedness-based research includes post-disaster plans to develop coastal urban settlements and rescue routes. The study began with a discussion of the initial mitigation plan a year after the 2004 disaster, followed by the conformity of the implementation of mitigation plans for several earthquakes that occurred in Banda Aceh between 2005 and 2018. In comparison, disasters and mitigation plans in Japan were also discussed. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for a better urban disaster mitigation planning not only for Banda Aceh but also can be used in other cities in Indonesia.
Utilization of wood processing dust as a substitute for a part of cement in concrete
Authors: Bunyamin B , Munirwan R P , Ridha M , Hendrifa N
Published: February 2021

The types of wood in Banda Aceh used was seumantok, meranti, and sembarang wood. The process of wood leaves sawdust. The sawdust becames rubbish and could pollute the environment. There was five quality of woods, namely quality I - quality V. The purpose of this study is to optimize the sawdust of seumantok (quality I), meranti (quality II), and sembarang wood (quality III) to be processed into wood ash as a substitute for a part of cement in concrete with its percentage were 5% and 10%. The research method was experimentally in a laboratory-based on ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and ACI (American Concrete Institute). The maximum diameter of the aggregate was 25.4 mm, and the compressive strength of concrete was 14.5 MPa with 21 specimens of cylindrical concrete. Concrete compressive strength results at 28 days with 5% wood ash variation and 10% respectively for quality I were 15.83 MPa and 14.20 MPa, quality II was 13.56 MPa and 12.75 MPa, and quality III were 13.79 MPa and 10.75 MPa. While the normal compressive strength of concrete was 15.86 MPa.
Number of layer effect of abaca fiber as natural FRP material for shear-strengthened reinforced concrete beam
Authors: Saidi T , Amalia Z , Hasan M , Hasanuddin I , Setiawan K
Published: February 2021

In this paper, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the number of layer effect of abaca fiber composite as natural reinforced polymer (NFRP) material for shear-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Two externally bonded shear-strengthened beams with a different number of NFRP layers and a sound beam as a control beam were prepared. The test was conducted by applying two axial loads on the beam. The results showed that the use of one-layer and two-layer of abaca fiber composite as NFRP material for the shear-strengthened beam increased 9.78% and 9.92% of maximum load compared to sound beam respectively. Abaca fiber composite NFRP material contributed 11% and 18.57% of the total maximum shear load for one-layer and two-layer laminates respectively. In addition, externally bonded shear-strengthened beams affected the crack pattern and deflection value. However, debonding failure of NFRP laminates occurred in two-layer of the NFRP shear strengthened beam. It caused the beam did not work optimally.
Study of coffee husk ash addition for clay soil stabilization
Authors: Munirwan R P , Sundary D , Munirwansyah  , Bunyamin
Published: February 2021

Industrial solid wastes have become a difficult problem in some developing countries, especially in Indonesia. The environmentally friendly issue regarding how to decrease industrial wastes by reuse or recycling process has become famous in recent years. Coffee husk ashes in this research were attained from burned waste coffee husk which can be considered as solid waste material from the coffee processing industry. In this study, clay soil obtained from Cot Bagie Village, Blang Bintang, Aceh was mixed with coffee husk ashes. Several soil physical properties test was conducted such as specific gravity, Atterberg limit, and grain size distribution by following ASTM standard. The physical parameter of soil was evaluated with the addition of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% coffee husk ashes by soil dry weight. The result shows that the physical properties of soil were improved if compared to untreated soil. A further mechanical laboratory test in soil mechanics was suggested for more advanced analysis of effect in soil-coffee husk ashes mixing.
Sun-path model as a simple helping tool for architecture students in understanding saving energy building design
Authors: Sari L H , Rauzi E N , Muslimsyah  , Mahmud M
Published: February 2021

Understanding the sun-path in designing an energy-saving building is essential. Saving energy is approached by daylight provision, which needs access for lighting the room during the day. In some latitudes, the building also needs the thermal mass to warm up the building during the cold time, requiring the sun’s heat radiation. The sun path on the regions creates various ways to design buildings. There is multiple architecture software embedding the sun-path feature. However, the software is not easily installed for free, and some other constraints become the challenges for students to learn it. Therefore, this article figures out the project-based learning in utilizing sun path in 3D models for architecture students. The methods comprise the small project designing sun path in 3D models in various latitudes supported by Andrew sun-path software. This study aims to understand the position of the sun throughout the year, which in building design is useful for saving energy in ventilation and lighting applies. The result is the students’ knowledge achievement for understanding the sun position and the site and building analysis toward the sun for obtaining the saving energy building design.
Trip generation and attraction model and forecasting using machine learning methods
Authors: Saleh S M , Lulusi  , Apriandy F , Fisiani J , Salmannur A , Faisal R
Published: February 2021

The necessity of people and goods to be moved from one place to another place has increased dramatically in recent years. It requires numbers of connectivity among the regions. Besides, policy changes in sea transportation sector including development of sea transport infrastructures as well as shipping/ferry lines to support fulfilling these needs are introduced. The ferry line from Kuala Langsa Port, Indonesia to Penang Port, Malaysia was introduced to encounter the need of mobility between those regions. In consequence, it is important to estimate future transport demand. This study is conducted to familiarize the use of machine learning methods in modelling and forecasting trip generation and trip attraction. Time-series trip generation and attraction data from Kuala Langsa to Penang and vice versa and socio-economic data were employed to develop the model. The result shows that gross domestic regional product (GDRP) and population variables has significant influence to generate trips between these ports.
Estimating bearing capacity using static cone penetration test at Banda Aceh area (northern tip of Sumatra)
Authors: Setiawan B , Saidi T , Sungkar M , Gunawan H , Yulianur A , Zulkifli Z , Malik I
Published: February 2021

The static cone penetration test (s-CPT), or better known in Indonesia as the sondir, has been used as a soil investigation procedure since nearly half a century ago in Europe, especially in the Netherlands and Belgium. This s-CPT is one of the standard practices in soil investigation campaigns and can provide many soil engineering parameters, including soil bearing capacity. This study focuses on the soil bearing capacity analysis in the city of Banda Aceh on the data taken from the 35 points of s-CPT. The analysis of the soil bearing capacity at a depth of 1.4 meters and 2.4 meters below the existing ground level (mbgl) was carried out. Dominantly, at a depth of 1.4 mbgl at the research location, it has a low bearing capacity (<2.5 tons/m2) with a percentage of 91.43%. There are 2.86% for bearing capacity from 2.5 to 5 tons/m2, from 5 to 7.5 tons/m2, and from 7.5 to 10 tons/m2. No soil layer had a bearing capacity above 10 tons/m2. At a depth of 2.4 mbgl, the research location has a low bearing capacity (<2.5 tons/m2) with a percentage of 48.57%, for bearing capacity ranging from 2.5 to 5 tons/m2is 17.14%, for bearing capacity of 5 to 7.5 tons/m2is 2.86%, for bearing capacity of 7.5 to 10 tons/m2of 5.71% and bearing capacity above 10 tons/m2is 25.71%.
More accurate study of seismicity effect on Sumatra-Fault for liquefaction potential in Banda Aceh by using cyclic loading mobility data
Authors: Munirwansyah  , Munirwan R P , Irhami
Published: February 2021

Banda Aceh is a prone city, predictions from earthquake experts with a potential for a tsunami in the return period of 500 years there will still be a large earthquake that threatens development in Aceh, especially Banda Aceh. A great earthquake has occurred in Aceh on December 26, 2004, which destroyed government infrastructures and property and human life in Banda Aceh. The high number of casualties during the natural disaster occurred due to low government preparedness and public understanding of earthquake disasters caused by several earthquake sources surrounding the city of Banda Aceh, such as; Aceh-Sumatra great fault, the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate with the Euro Asia plate which move side by side along the side of Aceh province - Andaman Island. This research will provide important information regarding the orientation of the depth of the strong layer and the distribution (horizon) of the subsoil of the city surface in several densely populated zones and surrounded areas. The study method was carried out by using a cross-section of the sub-surface of the earth’s plate from the coast - transition - land using Surfer software. Quantitative and qualitative analysis results obtained 3D image surface sand shading relief; soft layers, moderately layers and hard layers, each of which the thickness and depth of the soil was used to perform an analysis of the phenomenon of liquefaction potential; soft layers less than 10 kg/cm2 thickness 0.2-3.6 m depth, moderately layers 10-50 kg/cm2 thick 1.0 -7.0 m depth 1.2-10.6 m, hard layers > 120 kg/cm2 thickness 2.0-18.6 m depth 5.0-46.8 m, respectively.
The influence in selection of pile type and foundation piling method
Authors: Sari O L , Saputra A A I , Subhakti A , Putri A P , Khala C C S
Published: February 2021

One of the jobs that have a high complexity in civil works is foundation pile work. Practitioners are often faced with many choices and various conditions in the field in making decisions about the types of piles and methods of piling. The selection of the type of piles and the method of piling will have environmental, economic and social impacts. Many conditions need to be considered when making this selection. This paper presents a literature review in the study of influence in the selection of pile type and foundation piling method in problem identification and approaches. The results of this study support the influence factor used by case studies of decision-making taking into triple constraint in project management.
Risk identification at the pre-construction stage in post-earthquake community based housing reconstruction project in Pidie Jaya Regency
Authors: Malahayati N , Munirwansyah M , Afifuddin M , Syamsidik S
Published: February 2021

The post-earthquake housing reconstruction project is inseparable from being exposed to various risks. Risk is the possibility for an adverse event to occur due to uncertainty. The reconstruction in Pidie Jaya Regency after the 2016 earthquake is still ongoing and uses community-based methods. The purpose of this paper is to identify risks during pre-construction stage in the implementation of community houses reconstruction after the earthquake disaster in Pidie Jaya Regency. Stakeholders who were directly involved in the reconstruction phase were the Management Consultants, Community Group (Pokmas), and the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) and each had its own potential risks. Data were obtained using 58 respondents from these stakeholders by distributing questionnaires in the research location, namely Pidie Jaya Regency. A total of 29 risk variables were identified, of which there are 8 variables that had high risk. The results of the analysis shown that when viewed from risk factors, the Pokmas formation factor is the most potential risk factor compared to other risk factors because these risk variables are owned by the three groups of respondents with the highest ranking.