bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expediting recovery of autonomous underwater vehicles in dynamic mission environments: A system‐of‐systems challenge for underwater warfare
Authors: Keane James , Joiner Keith F. , Arulampalam Sanjeev , Webber Russ
Published: July 2022

As autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) adoption increases, operators demand advanced behaviors from commercial off‐the‐shelf systems. However, new behaviors can often only be deployed operationally once assured. This paper overviews research into expediting recovery to an operator's vessel through a custom homing behavior, demonstrating technology advancement in conjunction with test and evaluation activities. Advanced docking infrastructure and frameworks are still under development, yet current AUV operations require rapid and reliable recovery when mission factors change. Homing is achieved with a directional acoustic transponder providing range and bearing data to the AUV from the operator's vessel. A converted measurement Kalman filter processes range and bearing data that generates dynamic waypoints for the AUV through MOOS‐IvP as a backseat driver; a universal approach and filtering that is unique from prior AUV research. Results from simulations and field trials were analysed through a modular and experimental Test & Evaluation framework that was adopted specifically to help verify and validate the new AUV behavior, including systematic variations in recovery boat manoeuvres. The process includes documented use for the first time in AUV research of combinatorial screening (high throughput testing) and an average standardized residual metric to focus development early, encourage constructive iteration and build operational and engineering trust. Consistent homing was demonstrated with localization within 0.3 m and homing within 1.8 m of a moving digital acoustic transponder.
Electronic Metal‐Support Interaction Directing the Design of Fe(III)‐Based Catalysts for Efficient Advanced Oxidation Processes by Dual Reaction Paths
Authors: Xie Mingsen , Dai Fangfang , Wang Ying , Lv Weiqiang , Zhang Zhen , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: July 2022

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have a huge impact on human health due to their high toxicity and non‐degradability. It is still of great difficulty to develop highly efficient catalysts toward the degradation of POPs. Herein, it is reported that regulating electronic structure of quasi‐single atomic ferric iron (Fe(III)) in the VO2 support through the electronic metal‐support interaction (EMSI) is a versatile strategy to enhance the catalytic activity. Activated Fe(III) can react with peroxydisulfate (PDS) to produce both radicals and high‐valent iron (HVFe) simultaneously for the efficient and fast degradation of POPs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that the influence of EMSI promotes the electrons on Fe(III) 3d‐bond center moving close to the Fermi level, facilitating the charge transfer from Fe(III) to the adsorbate. Through the control experiments, both the radical path by PDS and the HVFe path aroused by the EMSI are confirmed in the POP degradation process. Consequently, the Fe/VO2 catalyst exhibits record‐breaking catalytic activity with the k‐value as high as 56.7, 43.3 µmol s−1 g−1 for p‐chlorophenol and 2,4‐dichlorophenol degradation, respectively.
Electrospinning Nanofibrous Sodium Alginate/β‐Cyclodextrin Composite Membranes for Methylene Blue Adsorption
Authors: Ma Xiaolong , Men Jinxin , Gao Tong , Liu Wenxia , Wang Xuejun , Lou Tao
Published: July 2022

To effectively remove the toxic dyes from wastewater, sodium alginate (SA)/β‐cyclodextrin(β‐CD) nanofibrous composite membranes with average fiber diameters of 167–174 nm are obtained by an electrospinning method. The adsorption capacity of the SA/β‐CD membrane for methylene blue is 2776 mg g–1, much higher than that of a pure SA membrane (1780 mg g–1). The incorporation of β‐CD also improves the adsorption rate significantly. The adsorption mechanism is mainly the synergy of the electrostatic attraction of SA and the host–guest interaction of β‐CD. Meanwhile, the SA/β‐CD nanofibrous membranes can be used in a wide pH range, and maintain excellent adsorption capacity after four cycles. The rapid adsorption efficiency and excellent adsorption capacity of SA/β‐CD nanofibrous membrane endows great potential in the field of wastewater treatment.
Preclinical evaluation of [18F]FDG-PET as a biomarker of lymphoid tissue disease and inflammation in Zika virus infection
Authors: Victorio Carla Bianca Luena , Ong Joanne , Tham Jing Yang , Reolo Marie Jennifer , Novera Wisna , Msallam Rasha , Watanabe Satoru , Kalimuddin Shirin , Low Jenny G. , Vasudevan Subhash G. , Chacko Ann-Marie
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Zika (ZIKV) is a viral inflammatory disease affecting adults, children, and developing fetuses. It is endemic to tropical and sub-tropical countries, resulting in half the global population at risk of infection. Despite this, there are no approved therapies or vaccines against ZIKV disease. Non-invasive imaging biomarkers are potentially valuable tools for studying viral pathogenesis, prognosticating host response to disease, and evaluating in vivo efficacy of experimental therapeutic interventions. In this study, we evaluated [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging biomarker of ZIKV disease in a mouse model and correlated metabolic tracer tissue uptake with real-time biochemical, virological, and inflammatory features of tissue infection.

Methods

[18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed in an acute, lethal ZIKV mouse infection model, at increasing stages of disease severity. [18F]FDG-PET findings were corroborated with ex vivo wholemount-tissue autoradiography and tracer biodistribution studies. Tracer uptake was also correlated with in situ tissue disease status, including viral burden and inflammatory response. Immune profiling of the spleen by flow cytometry was performed to identify the immune cell subsets driving tissue pathology and enhancing tracer uptake in ZIKV disease.

Results

Foci of increased [18F]FDG uptake were consistently detected in lymphoid tissues—particularly the spleen—of ZIKV-infected animals. Splenic uptake increased with disease severity, and corroborated findings in tissue pathology. Increased splenic uptake also correlated with increased viral replication and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines within these tissues. ZIKV-infected spleens were characterized by increased infiltration of myeloid cells, as well as increased proliferation of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. The increased cell proliferation correlated with increased tracer uptake in the spleen. Our findings support the use of [18F]FDG as an imaging biomarker to detect and track ZIKV disease in real time and highlight the dependency of affected tissue on the nature of the viral infection.

Conclusion

[18F]FDG uptake in the spleen is a useful surrogate for interrogating in situ tissue viral burden and inflammation status in this ZIKV murine model.
EARL compliance and imaging optimisation on the Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT using phantom and clinical data
Authors: van Sluis Joyce , van Snick Johannes H. , Brouwers Adrienne H. , Noordzij Walter , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Borra Ronald J. H. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Boellaard Ronald , Tsoumpas Charalampos
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Current European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) Research Ltd. (EARL) guidelines for the standardisation of PET imaging developed for conventional systems have not yet been adjusted for long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) systems. In order to use the LAFOV Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT (Siemens Healthineers, Knoxville, TN, USA) in multicentre research and harmonised clinical use, compliance to EARL specifications for 18F-FDG tumour imaging was explored in the current study. Additional tests at various locations throughout the LAFOV and the use of shorter scan durations were included. Furthermore, clinical data were collected to further explore and validate the effects of reducing scan duration on semi-quantitative PET image biomarker accuracy and precision when using EARL-compliant reconstruction settings.

Methods

EARL compliance phantom measurements were performed using the NEMA image quality phantom both in the centre and at various locations throughout the LAFOV. PET data (maximum ring difference (MRD) = 85) were reconstructed using various reconstruction parameters and reprocessed to obtain images at shorter scan durations. Maximum, mean and peak activity concentration recovery coefficients (RC) were obtained for each sphere and compared to EARL standards specifications.

Additionally, PET data (MRD = 85) of 10 oncological patients were acquired and reconstructed using various reconstruction settings and reprocessed from 10 min listmode acquisition into shorter scan durations. Per dataset, SUVs were derived from tumour lesions and healthy tissues. ANOVA repeated measures were performed to explore differences in lesion SUVmax and SUVpeak. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to evaluate differences in background SUVpeak and SUVmean between scan durations. The coefficient of variation (COV) was calculated to characterise noise.

Results

Phantom measurements showed EARL compliance for all positions throughout the LAFOV for all scan durations. Regarding patient data, EARL-compliant images showed no clinically meaningful significant differences in lesion SUVmax and SUVpeak or background SUVmean and SUVpeak between scan durations. Here, COV only varied slightly.

Conclusion

Images obtained using the Vision Quadra PET/CT comply with EARL specifications. Scan duration and/or activity administration can be reduced up to a factor tenfold without the interference of increased noise.
Clinical and sociodemographic determinants of disease-specific health-related quality of life in long-term breast cancer survivors
Authors: Doege Daniela , Thong Melissa S. Y. , Koch-Gallenkamp Lena , Bertram Heike , Eberle Andrea , Holleczek Bernd , Nennecke Alice , Pritzkuleit Ron , Waldmann Annika , Zeissig Sylke R. , Brenner Hermann , Arndt Volker
Published: July 2022

Purpose

It is important to monitor disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in breast cancer (BC) survivors to identify potential unmet supportive care needs. However, previous studies were characterized by small samples of mostly short-term survivors and were limited to certain age ranges, stages and/or treatments.

Methods

We used data from 3045 long-term BC survivors (5–15 years post-diagnosis) recruited in a German multi-regional population-based study. We assessed disease-specific HRQoL with the EORTC QLQ-BR23, scoring from 0 to 100. Differences in functioning and symptoms according to age at survey, self-reported treatments, stage, and disease status (disease-free vs. active disease) were assessed with multiple regression. Active disease was defined as any self-report of recurrence, metastasis or second primary cancer after the index cancer.

Results

Older BC survivors reported a higher body image and a better future perspective, but lower sexual functioning. Survivors aged 30–49 years who had breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy with breast reconstruction reported a better body image compared to those who had mastectomy only. We also found differences in symptoms according to treatments in some age groups. Stage at diagnosis was not associated with HRQoL overall and in most age subgroups. Disease-free BC survivors aged 30–79 years reported a better future perspective and less systemic therapy side effects than those with active disease.

Conclusion

Several treatment-associated symptoms and functioning detriments were found 5–15 years after diagnosis. The results emphasize the need of a comprehensive, individualized survivorship care, recognizing differential needs of long-term BC survivors according to age, treatment modalities, and disease status.
Reverse spatial top-k keyword queries
Authors: Ahmed Pritom , Eldawy Ahmed , Hristidis Vagelis , Tsotras Vassilis J.
Published: July 2022

We introduce the ReverseSpatial Top-kKeyword (RSK) query, which is defined as: given a query term q, an integer k and a neighborhood size find all the neighborhoods of that size where q is in the top-k most frequent terms among the social posts in those neighborhoods. An obvious approach would be to partition the dataset with a uniform grid structure of a given cell size and identify the cells where this term is in the top-k most frequent keywords. However, this answer would be incomplete since it only checks for neighborhoods that are perfectly aligned with the grid. Furthermore, for every neighborhood (square) that is an answer, we can define infinitely more result neighborhoods by minimally shifting the square without including more posts in it. To address that, we need to identify contiguous regions where any point in the region can be the center of a neighborhood that satisfies the query. We propose an algorithm to efficiently answer an RSK query using an index structure consisting of a uniform grid augmented by materialized lists of term frequencies. We apply various optimizations that drastically improve query latency against baseline approaches. We also provide a theoretical model to choose the optimal cell size for the index to minimize query latency. We further examine a restricted version of the problem (RSKR) that limits the scope of the answer and propose efficient approximate algorithms. Finally, we examine how parallelism can improve performance by balancing the workload using a smart load slicing technique. Extensive experimental performance evaluation of the proposed methods using real Twitter datasets and crime report datasets, shows the efficiency of our optimizations and the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model.
Blockchain Technology for Supply Chains operating in emerging markets: an empirical examination of technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework
Authors: Chittipaka Venkataiah , Kumar Satish , Sivarajah Uthayasankar , Bowden Jana Lay-Hwa , Baral Manish Mohan
Published: July 2022

Organizations adopt blockchain technologies to provide solutions that deliver transparency, traceability, trust, and security to their stakeholders. In a novel contribution to the literature, this study adopts the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework to examine the technological, organizational, and environmental dimensions for adopting blockchain technology in supply chains. This represents a departure from prior studies which have adopted the technology acceptance model (TAM), technology readiness index (TRI), theory of planned behavior (TPB), united theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) models. Data was collected through a survey of 525 supply chain management professionals in India. The research model was tested using structural equation modeling. The results show that all the eleven TOE constructs, including relative advantage, trust, compatibility, security, firm’s IT resources, higher authority support, firm size, monetary resources, rivalry pressure, business partner pressure, and regulatory pressure, had a significant influence on the decision of blockchain technology adoption in Indian supply chains. The findings of this study reveal that the role of blockchain technology adoption in supply chains may significantly improve firm performance improving transparency, trust and security for stakeholders within the supply chain. Further, this research framework contributes to the theoretical advancement of the existing body of knowledge in blockchain technology adoption studies.
Interactions Between Flame Topology and Turbulent Transport in High-Pressure Premixed Combustion
Authors: Martínez-Sanchis Daniel , Sternin Andrej , Tagscherer Kenneth , Sternin Daniel , Haidn Oskar , Tajmar Martin
Published: July 2022

Direct numerical simulations of a turbulent premixed stoichiometric methane-oxygen flame were conducted. The chosen combustion pressure was 20 bar, to resemble conditions encountered in modern rocket combustors. The chemical reactions followed finite rate detailed mechanism integrated into the EBI-DNS solver within the OpenFOAM framework. Flame geometry was thoroughly investigated to assess its interaction with the transport of turbulent properties. The resulting flame front was remarkably thin, with high density gradients and moderate Karlovitz and Damköhler numbers. At mid-flame positions, the variable-density transport mechanisms dominated, leading to the generation of both vorticity and turbulence. A reversion of this trend towards the products was observed. For intermediate combustion progress, vorticity transport is essentially a competition between the baroclinic torque and vortex dilatation. The growth of turbulent kinetic energy is strongly correlated to this process. A geometrical analysis reveals that the generation of enstrophy and turbulence is restricted to specific topologies. Convergent and divergent flame propagation promote turbulence creation due to pressure fluctuation gradients through different physical processes. The possibility of modeling turbulence transport based on curvature is discussed along with the inherent challenges.
Stabilisation of soil organic matter: interactions between clay and microbes
Authors: Islam Md. Rumainul , Singh Balwant , Dijkstra Feike A.
Published: July 2022

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in the global carbon balance and in mitigating climate change. It will therefore be important to understand mechanisms of SOM decomposition and stabilisation. SOM stabilisation is controlled by biotic factors, such as the efficiency by which microbes use and produce organic compounds varying in chemistry, but also by abiotic factors, such as adsorption of plant- and microbially-derived organic matter onto soil minerals. Indeed, the physicochemical adsorption of organic matter onto soil minerals, forming mineral associated organic matter (MAOM), is one of the significant processes for SOM stabilisation. We integrate existing frameworks of SOM stabilisation and illustrate how microbial control over SOM stabilisation interacts with soil minerals. In our new integrated framework, we emphasise the interplay between substrate characteristics and the abundance of active clay surfaces on microbial processes such as carbon use efficiency and recycling. We postulate that microbial use and recycling of plant- and microbially-derived substrates decline with increased abundance of active clay surfaces, and that the shape of these relationships depend on the affinity of each substrate to adsorb, thereby affecting the efficiency by which organic matter remains in the soil and is stabilised into MAOM. Our framework provides avenues for novel research and ideas to incorporate interactions between clay surfaces and microbes on SOM stabilisation in biogeochemical models.

Graphical abstract
Role of the NRG1/ErbB4 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in the anti-psychotic effects of aripiprazole and sertindole in ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in rats
Authors: Nawwar Dalia A. , Zaki Hala F. , Sayed Rabab H.
Published: July 2022

Schizophrenia is a common mental disorder affecting patients’ thoughts, behavior, and cognition. Recently, the NRG1/ErbB4 signaling pathway emerged as a candidate therapeutic target for schizophrenia. This study investigates the effects of aripiprazole and sertindole on the NRG1/ErbB4 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in ketamine-induced schizophrenia in rats. Young male Wistar rats received ketamine (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 5 consecutive days and aripiprazole (3 mg/kg, orally) or sertindole (2.5 mg/kg, orally) for 14 days. The proposed pathway was investigated by injecting LY294002 (a selective PI3K inhibitor) (25 μg/kg, intrahippocampal injection) 30 min before the drugs. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, animals were subjected to behavioral tests: the open field test, sucrose preference test, novel object recognition task, and social interaction test. Both aripiprazole and sertindole significantly ameliorated ketamine-induced schizophrenic-like behavior, as expected, because of their previously demonstrated antipsychotic activity. Besides, both drugs alleviated ketamine-induced oxidative stress and neurotransmitter level changes in the hippocampus. They also increased the gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate levels and glutamate decarboxylase 67 and parvalbumin mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Moreover, aripiprazole and sertindole increased the NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA expression levels and PI3K, p-Akt, and mTOR protein expression levels. Interestingly, pre-injecting LY294002 abolished all the effects of the drugs. This study reveals that the antipsychotic effects of aripiprazole and sertindole are partly due to oxidative stress reduction as well as NRG1/ErbB4 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways activation. The NRG1/ErbB4 and PI3K signaling pathways may offer a new therapeutic approach for treating schizophrenia in humans.
Exploring the Association Between Irrational Beliefs, Motivation Regulation and Anxiety in Ultra-Marathon Runners: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Miller Anthony , Calder Bruce , Turner Martin , Wood Andrew
Published: July 2022

Researchers are beginning to explore the antecedents to anxiety symptomology. Such antecedents to anxiety symptomology may be that of irrational beliefs and motivation regulation. It has been intimated that both irrational beliefs and motivation regulation can be risk factors for increased anxiety in athletes. Research is yet to explore the association between these two antecedents, and how and whether they interact in predicting anxiety symptomology. The present paper investigates such associations within two phases. In phase one, we identify the predictive capacity of irrational beliefs and motivation regulation on anxiety symptomology in 61 elite ultra-marathon runners. Results support intimated associations between irrational beliefs and motivation regulation, evidencing that irrational performance beliefs negatively associated with relative autonomous motivation. In addition, it was found that irrational performance beliefs positively associated with anxiety symptomology, whilst autonomous motivation negatively associated with anxiety symptomology in elite ultra-marathon runners. In phase two, we use a narrative approach to understand seven elite athletes’ stories surrounding their performance beliefs, motivation, and anxiety symptomology. Phase two supports findings in phase one, evidencing that the co-existence of both irrational performance beliefs and controlled motivation is an antecedent to anxiety symptomology and dysfunctional behaviours in ultra-marathon runners. The findings of both phase one and phase two are discussed in relation to the theoretical and practical implications for elite athletes.
Global justice in the context of transnational surrogacy: an African bioethical perspective
Authors: Fayemi Ademola Kazeem , Chimakonam Amara Esther
Published: July 2022

The ongoing debate on how best to regulate international commercial surrogacy defies consensus, as the most cogent normative and jurisprudential grounds for and against non-altruistic surrogacy remain controversial. This paper contributes to the debate by focusing on social justice issues arising from transnational, moneymaking surrogacy, with a focus on the Global South. It argues that existing theoretical perspectives on balancing interests, rights, privileges, and resources in the context of cross-border surrogacy—such as cosmopolitanism, communitarianism, liberal feminism, radical feminism, and neorealism—are not sufficient to treat the question of justice underpinning transnational surrogacy in the Global South. An Afro-communal theory of social justice is proposed as an alternative model for addressing the shortcomings in existing global justice theories. Building on Thaddeus Metz’s construction of Afro-communal social theory and a bioethic of communion, this article reveals the fundamental nature of injustices in the Global South surrogacy foray. This approach provides prima facie grounds for making commercial surrogacy more just in the evolving global order.
The role of parental health and distress in assessing children’s health status
Authors: Kaplan Sherrie H. , Shaughnessy Marilou , Fortier Michelle A. , Vivero-Montemayor Marla , Masague Sergio Gago , Hayes Dylan , Stern Hal , Dai Maozhu , Heim Lauren , Kain Zeev
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine the contributions of parents’ health and distress to parent’s and children’s assessments of children’s health.

Methods

We used baseline data from a longitudinal study of 364 children (ages 4–12) about to undergo surgery and their parents in a Southern California pediatric hospital. We used the 20-item child self-reported CHRIS 2.0 general health and the parallel parent-reported measure of the child’s health, along with a measure of parental distress about the child’s health were administered in the perioperative period. Other measures included parents’ physical and mental health, quality of life, distress over their child’s health, and number and extent of other health problems of the child and siblings.

Results

On average, parents’ reports about the child were consistently and statistically significantly higher than children’s self-reports across all sub-dimensions of the CHRIS 2.0 measure. Parents’ personal health was positively associated with their reports of the child’s health. More distressed parents were closer to the child’s self-reports, but reported poorer personal health.

Conclusion

Parent–child differences in this study of young children’s health were related to parental distress. Exploring the nature of the gap between parents and children in assessments of children’s health could improve effective clinical management for the child and enhance family-centered pediatric care. Future studies are needed to assess the generalizability of CHRIS 2.0 to other health settings and conditions and to other racial/ethnic groups.
Advective Trapping in the Flow Through Composite Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Hidalgo Juan J. , Neuweiler Insa , Dentz Marco
Published: July 2022

We study the mechanisms of advective trapping in composite porous media that consist of circular inclusions of distributed hydraulic conductivity embedded in a high conductivity matrix. Advective trapping occurs when solute enters low velocity regions in the media. Transport is analyzed in terms of breakthrough curves measured at the outlet of the system. The curve’s peak behavior depends on the volume fraction occupied by the inclusions, while the tail behavior depends on the distribution of hydraulic conductivity values. In order to quantify the observed behaviors, we derive two equivalent upscaled transport models. First, we derive a Lagrangian trapping model using the continuous-time random walk framework that is parameterized in terms of volume fraction and the distribution of conductivities in the inclusions. Second, we establish a non-local partial differential equation for the mobile solute concentration by volume averaging of the microscale transport equation. We show the equivalence between the two models as well as (first-order) multirate mass transfer models. The upscaled approach parameterized by medium and flow properties captures all features of the observed solute breakthrough curves and sheds new light on the modeling of advective trapping in heterogeneous media.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of iConquerFear: a self-guided digital intervention for fear of cancer recurrence
Authors: Smith Allan ‘Ben’ , Bamgboje‐Ayodele Adeola , Jegathees Sharuja , Butow Phyllis , Klein Britt , Salter Marj , Turner Jane , Fardell Joanna , Thewes Belinda , Sharpe Louise , Beatty Lisa , Pearce Alison , Beith Jane , Costa Daniel , Rincones Orlando , Wu Verena S. , Garden Frances L. , Kiely Belinda E. , Lim Karen , Morstyn Lisa , Hanley Brigid , Hodgkin Rosemerry , Beattie Annette , Girgis Afaf
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Approximately 50% of cancer survivors experience moderate-severe fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Self-guided digital interventions have potential to address the high level of FCR-related unmet needs at scale, but existing digital interventions have demonstrated variable engagement and efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of iConquerFear, a five-module self-guided digital FCR intervention.

Methods

Eligible curatively treated breast cancer survivors were recruited. Participants reporting clinically significant FCR (≥ 13 on the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form; FCRI-SF) were given access to iConquerFear. Feasibility was indicated by > 50% of eligible participants enrolling in iConquerFear and recording moderate (≥ 120 min) or greater usage. Preliminary efficacy was evaluated via changes in self-reported FCR severity, anxiety, depression, intrusions and metacognitions from baseline to immediately and 3 months post-intervention.

Results

Fifty-four (83%) of 65 eligible participants enrolled in iConquerFear; six subsequently withdrew. Thirty-nine (83%) participants recorded moderate (n = 24; 120–599 min) or high (n = 15; ≥ 600 min) usage. Engagement levels increased with participant age (p = 0.043), but were lower in participants with higher baseline FCR (p = 0.028). Qualitative feedback indicated engagement was sometimes limited by difficulties with navigation and relating to featured survivors. Participants reported significantly improved FCR (mean reduction (95%CI): baseline to post-intervention − 3.44 (− 5.18, − 1.71), baseline to 3-month follow-up − 4.52 (− 6.25, − 2.78), p =  < 0.001).

Conclusion

iConquerFear is a feasible and potentially efficacious intervention for reducing FCR in breast cancer survivors. Easier navigation and more relatable examples may enhance engagement.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

iConquerFear may help address moderate but burdensome FCR levels in cancer survivors.
Malunion of Pediatric Forearm Shaft Fractures: Management Principles and Techniques
Authors: Li T. Peter , Wollstein Adi , Sabharwal Samir , Nayar Suresh K. , Sabharwal Sanjeev
Published: July 2022

Purpose of Review

Clinically significant malunion of forearm diaphyseal fractures is an uncommon but potentially disabling condition amongst children and adolescents. We present the preoperative evaluation, including imaging, and discuss surgical indications and contemporary approaches to manage such patients, including an illustrative case.

Recent Findings

While advances in three-dimensional (3D) simulation, modeling, and patient-specific instrumentation have expanded the surgical armamentarium, their impact on long-term outcomes compared to traditional methods remains unknown.

Successful outcome following surgical correction of malunion following a both-bone forearm fracture can be achieved with careful patient selection, appropriate indications, and a well-planned surgical execution.
3D X-ray microscopy with a CsPbBr3 nanowire scintillator
Authors: Dierks Hanna , Zhang Zhaojun , Lamers Nils , Wallentin Jesper
Published: July 2022

X-ray microscopy is an essential imaging method in many scientific fields, which can be extended to three-dimensional (3D) using tomography. Recently, metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanomaterials have become a promising candidate for X-ray scintillators, due to their high light yield, high spatial resolution, and easy fabrication. Tomography requires many projections and therefore scintillators with excellent stability. This is challenging for MHPs, which often suffer from fast degradation under X-ray irradiation and ambient conditions. Here, we demonstrate that MHP scintillators of CsPbBr3nanowires (diameter: 60 nm, length: 5–9 µm) grown in anodized aluminum oxide (CsPbBr3NW/AAO) have sufficient stability for X-ray micro-tomography. A tomogram was taken with a Cu X-ray source over 41 h (dose 4.2 Gyair). During this period the scintillator brightness fluctuated less than 5%, which enabled a successful reconstruction. A long-term study with 2 weeks of continuous X-ray exposure (37.5 Gyair) showed less than 14% fluctuations in brightness and no long-term degradation, despite variations in the ambient relative humidity from 7.4 %RH to 34.2 %RH. The resolution was stable at (180 ± 20) 1pmm−1, i.e., about 2.8 micron. This demonstrates that CsPbBr3NW/AAO scintillators are promising candidates for high resolution X-ray imaging detectors.
Modeling of subsurface structure by using magnetic methods in the area of Mt. Pandan, Indonesia
Authors: Alawiyah Susanti , Kadir Wawan Gunawan A. , Santoso Djoko , Wahyudi Eko Januari , Aji Waskito , Gunawan Indra
Published: July 2022

Mount Pandan is an active volcano with geothermal phenomena and is located in tectonically active East Java, Indonesia. We conducted a geomagnetic study around Mount Pandan to obtain further information about fault structures and geothermal prospects. We established 245 geomagnetic observation stations covering an area of 20 km2. We calculated the magnetic anomalies, applied upward continuation and reduction to the pole, and calculated the improved normalized horizontal tilt angle to interpret the area. Furthermore, modeling was performed that included previous research. Our study identified NW–SE-, SW-NE-, and W-E-trending structures that might be affected by the Kendeng thrust fault and act as pathways for geothermal fluid flow. This geothermal fluid is estimated to flow from the southern area between Mount Pandan and Mount Wilis toward the north. There are several hot springs around Mount Pandan and Tirtohusodo hot spring near Mount Wilis. Thus, the heat source may be located in the area between Mount Pandan and Mount Wilis and supply heat for the geothermal systems of both volcanoes. The modeling results show the intrusion of andesite-type bodies at the summit of Mount Pandan and in the northern part of the study area. We found low magnetic anomalies that might indicate a heated region as a potential geothermal area. The reservoir of the geothermal system in Mount Pandan is interpreted to be tuffaceous sandstone from the Kalibeng Formation with claystone from the Klitik Formation as a clay caprock.
Sámi Traditional Knowledge of Reindeer Meat Smoking
Authors: Krarup Hansen Kia , Sara Ravdna Biret Marja E. , Smuk Inger Anita , Brattland Camilla
Published: July 2022

Reindeer meat, traditional food and knowledge are vital for the culture, health, and economy of Sámi reindeer herders. Nevertheless, the practices of reindeer meat smoking have barely been part of scientific research or reindeer herding management. We investigated Sámi reindeer herders’ approach to meat smoking in Northern Norway performed in the traditional Sámi tent, thelávvu. The investigation included workshops, interviews, participatory observations, and co-analyze meetings. Our findings reveal a typology of the traditional Sámi smoking practices. Sámi reindeer herders use a variety of wood species and plant parts to control the smoke based on a complex system of traditional knowledge. Yet there is a need for education, industry, and research acknowledging, supporting, and maintaining the Sámi meat-smoking process and associated worldviews, knowledge, and practices to ensure ethical, sustainable, and healthy food production.
Modularity of Galois Representations and Langlands Functoriality
Authors: Newton James
Published: July 2022

This survey reports on some of the recent developments in the area of Galois representations and automorphic forms, with a particular focus on the author and Thorne’s work on symmetric power functoriality for modular forms.
When Pay Equity Policy Is not Enough: Persistence of the Gender Wage Gap Among Health, Education, and STEM Professionals in Canada, 2006‒2016
Authors: Gupta Neeru , Singh Paramdeep , Balcom Sarah Ann
Published: July 2022

This study examines gender, geographic, and earnings inequalities within and across 13 health, education, and STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and computer science) professions in Canada. Data from the 2006 and 2016 population censuses were pooled and linked to a continuous geospatial remoteness index for assessing trends in occupational feminization and associated employment earnings among degree-holding professionals aged 25–54. Linear regression and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods were used to analyze how personal, professional, and socioenvironmental factors may attenuate or magnify wage differentials by sex. Results show the STEM professions tended to remain male-dominated, heavily urbanized, and subject to significantly lower earnings for women compared to men. Other historically female-dominated professions, notably nursing professionals and secondary school teachers, were characterized with geographic distributions most closely approaching the general population, relatively narrower gender wage gaps, but also lower average annual earnings. A significant gender wage differential was found in each profession, with women earning 4.6‒12.5% less than men, after adjusting for traditional human capital measures, social characteristics intersecting with gender, and community remoteness and accessibility. Residential remoteness and census period generally explained little of the gender wage gap. Despite decades of pay equity policies in Canada, women’s earnings averaged 2.3‒7.9% less than men’s due to unexplained factors, a finding which may be attributed, at least in part, to persistent (unmeasured) gender discrimination even in highly educated professions.
Numerical Approach of a Coupled Pressure-Saturation Model Describing Oil-Water Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Luna Paula , Hidalgo Arturo
Published: July 2022

Two-phase flow in porous media is a very active field of research, due to its important applications in groundwater pollution, $${\text {CO}}_2$$

CO
2

sequestration, or oil and gas production from petroleum reservoirs, just to name a few of them. Fractional flow equations, which make use of Darcy’s law, for describing the movement of two immiscible fluids in a porous medium, are among the most relevant mathematical models in reservoir simulation. This work aims to solve a fractional flow model formed by an elliptic equation, representing the spatial distribution of the pressure, and a hyperbolic equation describing the space-time evolution of water saturation. The numerical solution of the elliptic part is obtained using a finite-element (FE) scheme, while the hyperbolic equation is solved by means of two different numerical approaches, both in the finite-volume (FV) framework. One is based on a monotonic upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL)-Hancock scheme, whereas the other makes use of a weighted essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) reconstruction. In both cases, a first-order centered (FORCE)-$$\alpha$$
α
numerical scheme is applied for intercell flux reconstruction, which constitutes a new contribution in the field of fractional flow models describing oil-water movement. A relevant feature of this work is the study of the effect of the parameter $$\alpha$$
α
on the numerical solution of the models considered. We also show that, in the FORCE-$$\alpha$$
α
method, when the parameter $$\alpha$$
α
increases, the errors diminish and the order of accuracy is more properly attained, as verified using a manufactured solution technique.
Mixed-mode fracture toughness of high strength FRC: a realistic experimental approach
Authors: Hussien M. A. , Moawad M. , Seleem M. H. , Sallam H. E. M. , El-Emam H. M.
Published: July 2022

Unfortunately, fibrous composite materials' mixed-mode fracture toughness (K

eff
) was measured using inappropriate through-thickness cracked (TTC) specimens. The problem with such specimens is the ignorance of the fibers in the pre-notch surfaces, i.e., no fiber bridging behind the crack tip. In the present paper, a real K

eff
of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) was experimentally determined using matrix cracked (MC) specimens. Traditional (TTC) specimens were also adopted for comparison. The effect of fiber length (35 mm, 50 mm, and hybrid fibers, 50% from each length) and mode of mixity (M

e
), M

e
 = 0, 1/4, and 1/2 were studied. Hooked end steel fibers of a volume fraction equal to 1% were used. All cracked beams with a crack-length-to-beam-depth ratio equal to 0.3 were tested under three-point bending in mode I and mixed-mode. The span/depth ratio was equal to two for all specimens. Since there is no equation to predict the K

eff
of MC specimens and the inapplicability of Griffith's theory to predict the K

eff
due to the difference in crack paths, new realistic procedures were suggested to overcome this dilemma. The results indicated that MC specimens recorded a lower crack initiation load than the peak load. In contrast, the crack initiation load coincides with the peak load in the case of TTC specimens. This reflected the role of steel fibers behind the crack tip in retarding the specimens to reach their ultimate capacity after crack initiation. K

eff
increased with increasing M

e
. Although long fibers recorded higher peak load and energy, their effect on K

eff
of MC FRC specimens was marginal due to the minor effect of fiber length on the crack initiation loads. The MC specimen is a realistic approach for estimating the K

eff
of FRC.
Oil discoveries and gender inequality
Authors: Grecu Anca M. , Bataille Edner
Published: July 2022

Some studies suggest that resource-rich countries tend to allocate talent and investment toward the resource sector and away from manufacturing or agriculture reducing the competitiveness of these other sectors. Because mining overwhelmingly employs men, when other sectors shrink so do employment opportunities for women (Ross, 2008). This could significantly affect core social structures. Using plausibly exogenous variation in natural resource wealth due to giant oil discoveries and an event study design, this paper finds that giant oil discoveries are associated with relatively worse female outcomes as measured by higher male/female population ratios, higher teen birth rates, and lower educational attendance of tertiary education among women relative to men. However, the impact on health outcomes tapers off within 8 years. Additionally, during periods of increasing oil prices, there is no significant evidence of such effects possibly due to an income effect.
Anything Goes in Private Law Theory? On the Epistemic and Ontological Commitments of Private Law Multi-Pluralism
Authors: Hesselink Martijn W.
Published: July 2022

This article argues that the New Private Law Theory (NPLT) recently proposed by Grundmann, Micklitz, and Renner is radically multi-pluralist, in that it combines pluralism along a multitude of dimensions with the absence of any organizing or constraining principle on the meta level. Consequently, the NPLT makes no epistemic commitments about private law truth or ontological commitments about private law reality. The article raises the question of whether a theory which makes no such commitments is a theory at all. Indeed, a site where quite divergent epistemic and ontological commitments are equally acceptable is not usually referred to as a theory but as a democracy. Therefore, the article discusses how NPLT could be turned into a democratic theory of private law. It concludes that to that end, NPLT’s selection of materials should be more diverse, in particular, less economically oriented, less Eurocentric, and more inclusive of various critical perspectives.
A New Genre for a Discipline Made New
Authors: Markovits Daniel
Published: July 2022

New Private Law Theory: A Pluralist Approach is a new kind of book. Nevertheless, the book does have forebearers, as innovation is itself an old practice. The best way to understand the book, therefore, is to look farther afield, to a prior effort to produce a new kind of legal book—the first casebook ever published. Christopher Columbus Langdell’s Selection of Cases on the Law of Contracts landed in circumstances that could hardly have been more different from the ones that A Pluralist Approach now engages. But these shallow differences should not be allowed to disguise a shared ambition, which these pages hope to lay bare. Uncovering the book’s deeper ambition will make it possible to assess its prospects for success.
Land-Use Change Conflicts and Anti-Corporate Activism in Indonesia: A Review Essay
Authors: Afrizal  , Berenschot Ward
Published: July 2022

While processes of land-use change have triggered conflicts across Asia, our knowledge of the responses of affected communities is largely based on case-studies. This review essay addresses this challenge by reviewing and synthesizing 49 studies of conflicts between rural communities and companies in order to identify salient characteristics of anti-corporate activism in Indonesia. We find that, in contrast to the ‘rightful resistance’ observed elsewhere, the strategies employed by rural communities in Indonesia are remarkably “rightless” as both their discourse and their conflict resolution efforts are marked by a remarkable irrelevance of laws, regulations and courts. Communities frame their claims mostly in terms of customary laws while largely relying on informal mediation by local authorities. We attribute this “rightless” character of land-use change conflicts to the weak legal protection of land rights in Indonesia and the relative powerlessness of communities in the face of collusion between authorities and companies.
Florian Znaniecki’s Culturalistic Sociology of Nation
Authors: Poniedziałek Jacek
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article is to characterize the culturalist theory of the nation by Florian Znaniecki. Opposing the sociological theory dominated by Western, particularly Anglo-Saxon, thinkers, Znaniecki rejected the view of the nation as a state society. He believed that the nation is a type of community constituted by a specific culture that is created by its intellectual leaders. To derive his findings, he used the knowledge gained from the experiences of the nations of Central and Eastern Europe. He believed that their specific history required the development of a sociological theory that was adequate for such research, not dominated by the findings of Western sociology.
Patterns of neck metastasis and occult neck disease during recurrent laryngeal cancer
Authors: Rovira A , Brunet A , Tornari C , Ofo E , Jeannon J-P , Williamson P , Oakley R , Kim D , Arora A , Oikonomou G , Odutoye T , Simo R
Published: July 2022

Objective

Numerous factors are considered to impact on the rate of complications during salvage total laryngectomy procedures. Neck dissection could be one of these factors. This study analysed the pattern of lymph node metastasis and rate of occult neck disease during salvage total laryngectomy as well as the impact of neck dissection on survival and complication rates.

Method

This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained laryngectomy database in two large tertiary teaching hospitals.

Results

The rate of occult neck disease was 11.1 per cent. Most cases with occult neck disease had rT4 disease. Patients with complications, advanced tumour stage and positive margins had a significant decrease in overall survival. Patients receiving elective neck dissection did not have any survival benefit. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed a very high specificity and negative predictive value.

Conclusion

According to the low risk of occult neck disease when using contemporary imaging techniques as well as the lack of impact on survival, conservative management of the neck should be considered for crT1-T3 recurrence.