bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproducible brain PET data analysis: easier said than done
Authors: Naseri Maryam , Ramakrishnapillai Sreekrishna , Carmichael Owen T.
Published: September 2024

While a great deal of recent effort has focused on addressing a perceived reproducibility crisis within brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI research communities, this article argues that brain positron emission tomography (PET) research stands on even more fragile ground, lagging behind efforts to address MRI reproducibility. We begin by examining the current landscape of factors that contribute to reproducible neuroimaging data analysis, including scientific standards, analytic plan pre-registration, data and code sharing, containerized workflows, and standardized processing pipelines. We then focus on disparities in the current status of these factors between brain MRI and brain PET. To demonstrate the positive impact that further developing such reproducibility factors would have on brain PET research, we present a case study that illustrates the many challenges faced by one laboratory that attempted to reproduce a community-standard brain PET processing pipeline. We identified key areas in which the brain PET community could enhance reproducibility, including stricter reporting policies among PET dedicated journals, data repositories, containerized analysis tools, and standardized processing pipelines. Other solutions such as mandatory pre-registration, data sharing, code availability as a condition of grant funding, and online forums and standardized reporting templates, are also discussed. Bolstering these reproducibility factors within the brain PET research community has the potential to unlock the full potential of brain PET research, propelling it toward a higher-impact future.
Application of metabolic phase-specific modified nutrition risk in critically ill score: a prospective observational study in critically ill patients
Authors: Lee Geon Ho , Kim Ye Ju , Park So Hyang , Park Sunny , Lim Sung Yoon , Choi Soo An
Published: September 2024

Background and aims

The prevalence of malnutrition in intensive care units (ICU) is high and can be caused by poor intake or absorption of nutrients in the digestive track, as well as disease-related inflammation. As strong catabolism restricts nutrient supply and potentially leads to subsequent malnutrition, appropriate nutrition should be provided based on the metabolic status. However, nutritional support strategies for considering the metabolic phase are not well established. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a strategy for nutritional support in each phase by implementing a phase-specific modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score.

Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted on all adult patients admitted to the medical ICU for at least 36 h at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between September 2020 and September 2022. Patient nutrition assessment (mNUTRIC score), clinical information, and nutritional supply (calories and proteins) were measured twice, in the acute phase (measured at 2 days) and late phase (measured at 7 days). The relationship between nutritional supply and 28-day mortality was analyzed using multiple logistic regression according to the mNUTRIC score in the acute and late phases. Risk factors related to 28-day mortality were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions.

Results

Of the 631 patients admitted to the ICU during the study period, 613 were included in the acute phase and 361 patients were included in the late phase. Nutritional supply was associated with 28-day mortality, with high mNUTRIC scores in both the acute and late phases. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated that a high mNUTRIC score [hazard ratio (HR) 3.20 and 2.52, respectively], lactate >2.5 mg/dL were independent risk factors in both the acute and late phases. In addition, Albumin <2.5 mg/dL, the presence of neoplasm, and the need for dialysis in the acute phase, calorie adequacy <0.7 in the late phase (HR, 2.19) were identified as additional risk factors.

Conclusion

The mNUTRIC score is a suitable tool for identifying critically ill patients who benefit from nutritional support. Nutritional supply should be considered for patients with high mNUTRIC scores in both the acute and late phases; however, careful supply should be provided in the acute phase and sufficient supply should be provided in the late phase.
Administration sequences in single-day chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer: a comprehensive review from a practical perspective
Authors: Wu Miaohui , Huang Xiaoyan , Chen Meijun , Zhang Yin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors globally, posing a severe threat to human life and health. Chemotherapy, a cornerstone in the treatment of breast cancer, often overlooks the sequence of drug administration within single-day regimens. This study aims to explore the impact of drug administration order on the efficacy and toxicity of combination chemotherapy protocols for breast cancer.

Methods

Through a comprehensive review and analysis based on current evidence from evidence-based medicine, we delved into how the order of drug administration affects both efficacy and toxicity. We systematically classified and analyzed commonly used combination drug regimens, providing graded recommendations and a reasoned analysis to offer valuable references for clinical decision-making.

Results

Our findings indicate that the sequence of drug administration in complex combination chemotherapy protocols is not arbitrary but necessitates multifaceted considerations. Rational drug sequencing can maximize synergistic effects between drugs, thereby augmenting therapeutic efficacy while effectively mitigating drug-related adverse effects. Additionally, some drug labels and clinical trials have explicitly highlighted the therapeutic benefits of specific drug sequences.

Conclusion

This study underscores the importance of considering the sequence of drug administration in clinical practice. It is recommended to prioritize the sequential drug administration according to official drug product labeling, while also considering factors such as the administration sequence from large randomized controlled trials, cell proliferation kinetics specific to cancer types, drug interactions, chronopharmacology, drug irritability, clinical experiences, and patient preferences. By taking these factors into account, the goal is to maximize treatment efficacy and minimize the occurrence of adverse reactions.
TAS-102 (trifluridine/tipiracil) plus bevacizumab versus TAS-102 alone as salvage treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer in routine clinical practice
Authors: Shin Ji Eun , Lim Sung Hee , Lee Jeeyun , Lim Ho Yeong , Park Young Suk , Kim Seung Tae
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Both regimens of TAS-102 (trifluridine/tipiracil) with and without bevacizumab are considered standard options for salvage treatment in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.

Materials and methods

This analysis included patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who received either TAS-102 plus bevacizumab or TAS-102 alone between July 2022 and November 2023 at Samsung Medical Center. We evaluated the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profile of both regimens.

Results

In total, 139 patients were included in this analysis. Median age was 60.8 years, and median number of previous lines of therapy was four (range: 2.45–6.55). More than half of the subjects (56.8%) had RAS mutations and 92.9% received previous anti-VEGF therapy. 83 (59.7%) patients received the combination of TAS-102 and bevacizumab and 56 (40.3%) received TAS-102 alone. The number of patients with prior regorafenib treatment was 14 in the TAS-102 with bevacizumab group and 5 in the TAS-102 alone group. The disease control rate was 51.8% in the combination group and 32.1% in the TAS-102 alone group. The median PFS was 3.3 months (95% CI, 2.7–6.6) in the combination group and 2.5 months (95% CI, 2.0–3.8) in the TAS-102 alone group (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38–0.82; p=0.003). The median OS in these two groups was 10.8 months (95% CI, 8.4–NA) and 6.0 months (95% CI, 4.8–9.8), respectively (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40–0.97, p=0.033). In the exploratory analysis of TAS-102 + Bev group, patients with the KRAS G12 mutation had inferior OS compared to those without the mutation (HR, 2.01, 95% CI, 1.04–3.90, p=0.035). Commonly observed adverse events were hematologic-related, including neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, as well as nausea. While any grade neutropenia was observed at similar frequencies in the two groups (57.8% and 57.1%), grade 3 or higher neutropenia was more frequent in the combination group than the TAS-102 alone group (31.3% vs. 17.9%). Among patients who received subsequent anticancer therapy after treatment failure, 74.1% received regorafenib.

Conclusions

The combination of TAS-102 and bevacizumab resulted in a better survival outcome than TAS-102 monotherapy, consistent with previous studies. This analysis supports the use of the combination of TAS-102 and bevacizumab as the best therapeutic option for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer in clinical practice.
Safety and aesthetic outcomes of double purse-string suture nipple reconstruction in early breast cancer patients undergoing nipple resection and endoscopic skin-sparing mastectomy with breast reconstruction
Authors: Dai Hui , Chung Kawun , Liang Faqing , Xie Yanyan , Zhang Qing , Qiu Mengxue , Yang Huanzuo , Zhou Jiao , Feng Yu , Du Zhenggui
Published: September 2024

Background

The current surgical methods for managing incisions after nipple excision in breast reconstruction patients are limited. However, double purse-string suture (DPS) shows promise in the treatment of nipple excision. This study aimed to investigate the safety and aesthetic outcomes of DPS nipple reconstruction in early breast cancer patients who underwent endoscopic skin-sparing mastectomy (E-SSM) and breast reconstruction.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 87 early breast cancer patients with nipple excision who underwent E-SSM with breast reconstruction. According to the suture methods of nipple incision, all patients were divided into the spindle suture (SS) group, single purse-string suture (SPS) group, and DPS group, with SS and SPS groups combined as the traditional suture (TS) group. Then, we compared the groups’ differences in aesthetic outcomes, surgical safety, and oncological safety.

Results

A total of 87 patients with 88 breasts were enrolled in this study (SS n=17, SPS n=21, DPS n=50). Patients in the DPS group had significantly better nipple reconstruction satisfaction, Harris scale and any complications incidence than the TS group (all p <0.05). For nipple reconstruction satisfaction and any complication, the adjusted OR (95%CI) of the DPS group were 6.314(1.095-36.415) (p=0.039) and 0.124(0.018-0.863) (p=0.035) compared with the SS group. One patient in the SS group had vertebral metastases, and no recurrence, metastasis, or death has been observed in the other two groups during the follow-up period.

Conclusions

DPS is an effective and safe nipple reconstruction procedure for patients undergoing E-SSM with breast reconstruction, delivering excellent aesthetic outcomes.
Potential tumor-specific antigens and immune landscapes identification for mRNA vaccine in thyroid cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Wang Guixin , Xu Qiaoqiao , Li Yingxi , Song Wenbin , Liu Zhaoyi , Tian Yao , Wang Li , Zhao Ke , Wang Yizeng
Published: September 2024

Background

Tumor mRNA vaccines have been identified as a promising technology for cancer therapy in multiple cancer types, while their efficacy in thyroid cancer (THCA) is unclear. Immunotyping is strongly associated with the immune microenvironment and immune status in cancer, thus it is important in vaccination and therapeutic response. This study is to identify potential valuable antigens and novel immune subtypes of THCA for immune landscape construction, thus screening patients suitable for mRNA vaccination.

Methods

The clinical information and gene expression files of 568 THCA cases were obtained from the TCGA dataset. The DNA copy number variation and the somatic mutation of THCA were visualized by the cBioPortal database. TIMER was used to investigate the immune infiltrating correlation with candidate antigens. Consensus clustering analysis was conducted to cluster data using the ConsensusClusterPlus package. The immune landscapes of THCA patients were visualized using the Monocle package. The critical hub genes for THCA mRNA vaccines were identified by WGCNA package. To validate, the immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were performed to detect the expression level of potential antigen for mRNA vaccine in tissue and cell lines in THCA.

Results

Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) was identified as a potential biomarker of mRNA vaccine against THCA. It was confirmed to be significantly upregulated in THCA tissues and cells lines. Moreover, three novel immune subtypes of THCA were obtained based on the expression consistency of immune-associated genes. The S2 subtype was characterized as an immunological “cold” phenotype with a high expression of immunogenic cell death modulators. S1 and S3 subtypes were immunological “hot” phenotypes with immune checkpoints upregulation. Further, the immune landscape of THCA patients was visualized and ten hub genes for mRNA vaccines were identified.

Conclusion

TK1 was a tumor-specific antigen of mRNA vaccines. The patients belonging to the S2 subtype (“cold” tumor) were suitable for mRNA vaccine therapy in THCA. Notably, ten hub genes were conducted as potential biomarkers for identifying suitable patients for mRNA vaccination. These findings provided novel insights into mRNA vaccine development against THCA.
Paving the way ahead: protocol optimization of mouse models in crush syndrome related acute kidney injury research
Authors: Qiao Ou , Wang Xinyue , Li Zizheng , Han Lu , Chen Xin , Zhang Li , Bao Fengjiao , Hao Herui , Hou Yingjie , Duan Xiaohong , Saeed Sania , Li Ning , Gong Yanhua
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds

Crush syndrome (CS) is the leading cause of death after earthquakes, second only to direct trauma. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most severe complication of CS. Research based on the CS-AKI mouse model and kidney function assessment by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) helps to elucidate the pathogenesis of CS-AKI, which contributes to effective treatment measures.

Methods

Mice were modeled by the multi-channel small animal crushing platform. We set up different CS-AKI modeling parameters by applying different crushing weights (0.5 kg, 1.0 kg, 1.5 kg), crushing durations (6 h, 12 h, 16 h), and decompression durations (6 h, 12 h, 24 h). The GFR, serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney tissue Kim-1 mRNA and Ngal mRNA expression levels, and HE staining were examined to evaluate the results of different protocols.

Results

The results showed that with the crushing weight increased, the kidney function assessment’s gold standard GFR significantly decreased, and the levels of SCr and BUN increased. Meanwhile, the longer crushing durations found a higher extension of inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney. The degree of kidney injury continued to worsen with the duration of decompression, indicating severe damage after reperfusion, which was associated with tubular injury and a sustained elevation of the inflammatory state.

Conclusion

We successfully constructed CS-AKI mouse models with different severities under the above parameters. Applying 1.5 kg for 16 h and then decompressing for 24 h induced severe AKI. These findings provide clues for further exploration of the mechanism and treatment of traumatic AKI.
The role of autophagy in pancreatic diseases
Authors: Zhang Wen-Gang , Wu Qing-Zhen , Shao Bo-Zong
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic diseases such as pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer represent significant health challenges characterized by high mortality rates and limited survival durations. Autophagy, a crucial cellular catabolic process, has emerged as a focal point in understanding various pathological conditions, spanning inflammation-related disorders to malignant neoplasms. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the biological intricacies of autophagy and its pivotal roles within two extensively researched pancreatic diseases, namely pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, drawing upon recent scholarly contributions. The discussion will delve into the nuanced mechanisms underlying autophagy’s involvement in these diseases, shedding light on its potential as a therapeutic target. Furthermore, the review will explore cutting-edge therapeutic interventions leveraging autophagy regulation for managing pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Through this analysis, we endeavor to offer novel insights into the pathophysiology of pancreatic disorders and contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic modalities in this challenging clinical domain.
Bouncing bones—ancient wisdom meets modern science in a new take on locomotion
Authors: Levin Stephen M. , Lowell de Solórzano Susan
Published: September 2024

Recognizing that conventional understanding of animal and human locomotion is based on a dated and reductionist machine modeling of organisms, we set out to create a theory of locomotion by reasoning from first principles. We center on the constraints necessitated by 1) the 2nd law of thermodynamics, 2) the theory of evolution, 3) a systems science view of organisms, and 4) the laws of motion, but we also look for compatibility these constraints might find in emerging areas of scientific inquiry (ecological psychology, processual biology, soft matter, biotensegrity), and in the wisdom embedded in various movement traditions and ancient philosophy. Applying and synthesizing these, we propose an updated “bouncing bones” (BB) model for walking and running, which corresponds with maximum efficiency and conservation of energy.
Unraveling cell wall polysaccharides during blueberry ripening: insights into the roles of rhamnogalacturonan-I and arabinogalactan proteins in fruit firmness
Authors: Sanhueza Dayan , Balic-Norambuena Iván , Sepúlveda-Orellana Pablo , Siña-López Sebastián , Moreno Adrián A. , Moya-León María Alejandra , Saez-Aguayo Susana
Published: September 2024

Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) undergo significant texture changes during development and ripening, notably a consistent decrease in firmness, which affects fruit quality, consumer preference, transportability, and shelf life. This study examined the composition and structural modifications of the cell wall in five commercially available blueberry varieties with differing firmness levels at harvest. Our approach integrated various biochemical techniques for a comprehensive analysis of cell wall components to elucidate firmness differences at the harvest stage. One of the conclusions was the relationship between a low degree of pectin methylesterification and the presence of increased egg-box structures, which correlated with increased firmness. The data suggest that low-abundance pectins in blueberry cell walls, such as rhamnogalacturonan-I participate in firmness modulation through their side branches or by linking to arabinogalactan proteins. Additionally, the xyloglucan structure can be one of the determinants of fruit firmness. Although, this work provides a broad insight into the relationship between cell wall composition and firmness in blueberry, a more detailed analysis, specifically focusing on pectin and hemicelluloses, would be of significant value.
The effect of parental and teacher autonomy support and core self-evaluations: a three-wave longitudinal study of middle students’ career adaptability
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Huang Shun , Shi Chaofan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

According to career construction theory, middle school students are in a critical phase of growth and exploration that requires self-reflection on their interests, values, and aspirations. Career adaptability is a key indicator of career development for middle school students and a crucial ability for achieving career success. Research indicates that many Chinese middle school students face significant hurdles in their career development, including a lack of motivation, limited self-awareness, and unclear career trajectories.

Objective

To address these challenges, it is imperative to explore the factors influencing career adaptability, with a particular focus on the role of parental and teacher autonomy support within the framework of self-determination theory. This study aims to explore the correlation between parental autonomy support (PAS), teacher autonomy support (TAS), core self-evaluations (CSE), and career adaptability (CA) among middle school students.

Methodology

The longitudinal data for this study were collected from two middle schools in the Anhui province. Middle school students were recruited as research participants through a cluster sampling method. A total of 482 students were surveyed in three stages during a 1-year period, and a cross-lag model was employed to analyze the data.

Results

(1) From T1 to T2, T1PAS predicted T2CS, T1CSE predicted T2CA, and T1CA predicted T2TA; (2) from T2 to T3, T2PAS predicted T3CS, T2CSE predicted T3CA, and T2TAS predicted T3PAS; (3) TAS did not predict CSE and CA over time; (4) T2CSE mediated the relationship between T1PAS and T3CA.

Discussion

These findings suggest that autonomy support has a consistently positive influence on the career development of early adolescents. Valuing children’s autonomy is beneficial for fostering positive self-evaluations and shaping their career trajectories.

Conclusion

Autonomy support plays a pivotal role in enhancing middle school students’ career adaptability and promoting career development by strengthening self-evaluations. Additionally, the effect of parental autonomy support is more stable than that of teacher autonomy support.
Strategies for becoming a more desirable mate: evidence from Lithuania
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos , Sullman Mark , Markšaitytė Rasa , Šeibokaitė Laura , Lajunen Timo Juhani
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Mate-seekers employ several strategies to become more attractive as mates. In the present study, we examined the use of 10 strategies for becoming more desirable as a mate in the Lithuanian cultural context.

Methods

Using a sample of 295 Lithuanian-speaking participants, we explored the frequency and types of strategies employed to enhance mate appeal.

Results

The most frequently used strategy was “Enhance looks,” followed by “Show off abilities and talents” and “Demonstrate similarity.” The least used strategies were “Show off and exaggerate wealth” and “Drastic appearance changes.” The 10 strategies could be classified into two domains or main strategies, with participants indicating a more frequent use of “Develop and demonstrate desirable traits” followed by “Deceive about undesirable traits.” Additionally, sex differences and age differences were identified for several strategies.

Discussion

The findings highlight the prominence of certain strategies over others in the Lithuanian context, with a notable emphasis on developing and demonstrating desirable traits. The study also reveals variations in strategy use based on sex and age, suggesting that these factors influence mate-seeking behaviors.
Research on the intervention effect of Five-Element Music combined with Eight-Section Brocade on depression among medical students in higher vocational colleges
Authors: Yao Xiyong , Xiong Lin , Ouyang Yiwen , Wang Hui , Zhu Lili
Published: September 2024

Background

Depression is the main risk factor leading to suicidal ideation among college students. This study focused on observing and assessing how the combination of Five-Element Music and Eight-Section Brocade affected depression levels among medical students attending higher vocational colleges.

Methods

From a total of 1,030 medical students studying in higher vocational colleges, we selected 160 students who showed depressive symptoms and met the specific criteria for the study. We used the SDS scale to identify these students and made them the participants of our experiment. Participants were randomly divided into four groups: the music intervention group (listening to traditional Chinese Five-Element Music for 15 min daily), the Eight-Section Brocade intervention group (practicing the Eight-Section Brocade exercises once daily, approximately 15 min), the combined intervention group (first practicing the Eight-Section Brocade exercises once, then listening to music for 15 min), and the control group (no intervention). Each group consisted of 40 participants. The three intervention groups (excluding the control group) underwent continuous intervention for 4 weeks. The SDS, SAS, and PSQI scales were used for evaluation before and after the intervention.

Results

Except for the control group, the SDS, SAS, and PSQI scores of the other three groups were lower after the intervention than before the intervention (p < 0.01). After the treatment, the scores on SDS, SAS, and PSQI tests did not vary much between the students who listened to music and those who practiced Eight-Section Brocade (the difference was not statistically significant, p > 0.05). However, the students who did both music and Eight-Section Brocade showed significantly lower scores than those who did only one activity (both p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Five-Element Music and Eight-Section Brocade can improve depression, anxiety, and sleep status among medical students in higher vocational colleges. The combined intervention of the two is more effective than a single method, and it is worth promoting and applying in higher vocational colleges.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=210705.
Recent onset mental illness severity: pilot study on the role of cognition, sensory modulation, and daily life participation
Authors: Lipskaya-Velikovsky Lena , Hershkovitz Ayelet , Bukai Mira , Bar-Shalita Tami
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Early detection of individuals at risk for onset of severe illness is crucial for prevention and early intervention, aiming to mitigate the long-term impact on both the individual and the community. While well-established models exist for predicting the onset and prolonged severity of illness, there is a gap in understanding illness-onset severity. This pilot study aimed to investigate premorbid objective and subjective dimensions of participation in daily life occupations, as well as sensory and cognitive functions as potential markers of the recent-onset mental illness severity.

Methods

A total of 50 participants (men: N=26, 52%; women: N=24, 48%), aged 18–40 (M=26.2, SD=5.8) with recent-onset mental illness completed standard, well-established assessments of illness severity, cognitive biases and failures, neurocognitive status, participation in daily life, and sensory responsiveness thorough cross-sectional design. The differences between the groups of the illness severity were explored with descriptive statistics, followed by a Kruskal–Wallis test. Discriminant analysis was used suggesting a multi-varied model for the separation between the groups of illness severity.

Results

Three groups of illness severity exhibited differences in premorbid cognitive functions (F(2)=5.8, p<.01) and participation diversity (F(2)=3.8, p<.05). Combining these two indices explained 92% of the variance between the groups (Wilks’ Λ = .68, χ2(4) = 17.7, p=.001), accurately classifying mild to marked illness severity (62.5–88.5%).

Conclusions

The study contributes to revealing factors involved in the formation of more severe mental illness and suggesting possible avenues for early intervention and prevention. Cognitive biases and sensory modulation dysfunction may contribute to the illness formation. Still, the most effective markers of more severe mental illness onset are functional cognition and limited participation diversity. Since addressing these markers is a unique specialization within occupational therapy, the findings highlight the potential contribution the profession can make to the early identification of the most vulnerable populations.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards physical activity among healthcare students at a public university in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kandasamy Geetha , Almanasef Mona , Almeleebia Tahani , Orayj Khalid , Viswanath Reddy Lingala Kalyan , Shorog Eman , Alshahrani Asma M. , Prabahar Kousalya , Veeramani Vinoth Prabhu , Amirthalingam Palanisamy , Alqifari Saleh F. , Vasudevan Rajalakshimi , AlSaedi Shaden Hamad , Begum M. Yasmin , Ahmed Rehab
Published: September 2024

Objective

This research aimed to study the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward physical activity (PA) of healthcare students at King Khalid University in Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A prospective web-based cross-sectional study was carried out among healthcare students of King Khalid University from March to May 2024. The questionnaire contained questions on sociodemographic details, five questions about knowledge, eight questions about attitudes, and seven practice-related questions. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used.

Results

Out of the 383 participants, 175 (45.7%) were men and 208 (54.3%) were women. Most of the students, 292 (76.2%), had a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5–24.9. Among the 383, 264 (68.9%) showed good knowledge, 288 (75.2%) had positive attitudes, and 242 (63.2%) had satisfactory PA practice. Most of them, 310 (80.9%), were aware that “regular exercise helps promote strong bones and muscles.” Three hundred and fifty-two (91.9%) students believed that individuals who frequently engaged in PA had longer lifespans. More than half of the students (n = 239, 62.4%) engaged in the recommended level of PA. Of the students, 179 (46.8%) agreed that they planned to begin increasing their physical activity during the next 6 months. One hundred and fifty-six (40.7%) stated that they did sports with a high level of intensity for 20 min, three to five times a week, and 175 (45.7%) stated that they did moderate-intensity sports for 30 min, more than five times a week. None of the independent variables had a significant effect on good knowledge levels (p > 0.05). The regression results show being male OR = 0.473 (CI 0.285–0.783 p = 0.004), and being a first-or third-year student OR = 0.329 (CI 0.130–0.832 p = 0.013), OR = 0.276 (CI 0.100–0.762 p = 0.019) has a significant effect on positive attitude levels, while being male OR = 1.945 (CI 1.207–3.135 p = 0.006) and having a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 OR = 10.101 (CI 2.104–48.49 p = 0.004) has a significant effect on satisfactory practice levels.

Conclusion

The majority of participants in our study showed good knowledge and positive attitudes toward PA. A lower number of participants, though still the majority, had satisfactory levels of PA. Health education and health promotion initiatives should maintain and enhance knowledge of the positive effects of PA on health.
Awareness of dementia risk factors among healthcare professionals at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Al Hamad Hanadi , Sathian Brijesh
Published: September 2024

Background

Dementia, a degenerative neurological disorder, is estimated to affect 82 million people worldwide by 2030 and 152 million by 2050, with a sharp increase in its incidence in the Middle East and Qatar. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity, may account for up to 40% of dementia cases. Healthcare practitioners who play an important role in health promotion must understand the modifiable risk and protective factors for dementia. This study investigated healthcare professionals' knowledge of dementia risk factors at Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar.

Methods

A sample of 737 healthcare professionals was recruited using simple random sampling from Hamad Medical Corporation. The target population included physicians, nurses, and allied healthcare workers from various departments. The participants completed an online survey between 1st January and December 31, 2023. The survey included questions on modifiable risk factors, preventive interventions, and dementia-related information sources.

Results

The study revealed that 76% of participants believed in dementia prevention and 87.4% were interested in learning about lifestyle choices and dementia risk. The majority of the participants were female and non-Qataris. Challenges to dementia risk reduction include lack of understanding, time restrictions, and motivational obstacles. Awareness of risk factors such as depression, alcohol use, and physical inactivity was identified. Digital platforms are the dominant source of information, highlighting the need for more dementia education and prevention programs.

Conclusion

Given the gaps identified in knowledge, we recommend further training to improve the knowledge of healthcare professionals. In addition, further exploration of patients and caregiverss is warranted.
Ensuring equitable access, engagement and ability of socially and ethnically diverse participants to benefit from health promotion programmes: a qualitative study with parent carers of disabled children
Authors: Harniess Phillip , McGlinchey Caomhan , McDonald Annabel , Boyle Fleur , Garrood Alice , Logan Stuart , Morris Christopher , Borek Aleksandra J.
Published: September 2024

Background

Equity is fundamental to health promotion programmes. However, unintentional or unseen barriers may exist for some underserved groups. We aimed to identify how to ensure equitable access and engagement for diverse parent carers of disabled children to benefit from health promotion programmes.

Methods

We purposively sampled parent carers with potentially intersecting characteristics including those who self-identified as from ethnic groups, whose children were educated other than at school, with sensory impairments, or neurodiversity, and fathers. Participants were recruited through local and national organisations and parent carer networks. Data collection involved semi-structured individual interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically and iteratively alongside data collection. Core researchers performed early analysis independently, followed by research team and advisory group cross-validation.

Results

Thirty-six parent carers with intersecting characteristics across the sampled backgrounds participated. We identified various perceived barriers around finding out about, attending and engaging with health programmes. We organised the findings into five themes focused on concepts capturing challenges and potential solutions to contextual barriers to access and participation in health programmes. (i) Reach—judiciously using targeted and universal strategies to ensure equitable distribution; (ii) Credibility—demonstrating trustworthiness of those advertising and/or delivering the programme; (iii) Opportunity—ensuring that the programme is seen as fulfilling a relevant need; (iv) Reservations—addressing barriers of readiness to participate; and (v) Optimisation—tailoring to improve the inclusivity of the programme delivery.

Conclusion

We identified modifiable factors that impede members of some social groups from engaging with, and benefiting from, health promotion programmes, and potential solutions. We advocate a multifaceted approach is required from outreach to delivery, tailored to be mindful of extant diverse needs of parent carers in underserved communities. We catalogue key considerations to inform implementation strategies to optimise equity in health programmes for parent carers. The implications are likely transferable to other interventions and contexts.
How do urban block built environments affect older adults’ walking activities and health effects: a case study in Nanjing, China
Authors: Chen Congjian , Cao Yang , Xu Guangfu , Zhong Qing , Chen Bing
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Research on the relationship between microscale built environments and physical activity among older adults in densely populated old urban areas with high aging rates is scarce. Particularly, the relationship between urban block land-use pattern and older adults’ walking activities have not yet been completely understood.

Methods

This study examined the daily walking habits and socioeconomic attributes of older adults in 17 blocks with different built environment characteristics in Nanjing City, China. A multi-layer linear model was used to quantitatively analyse the mechanism underlying the effects of various factors on the health of older adults.

Results

The result shows significant positive correlation between neighborhood walkability and the enhancement of walking frequency and activity. For every 10% increase in pedestrian road connectivity and land use, the walking activity volume increased by 22.4 and 12%, and the BMI increased by 9.1 and 7.3% toward the standard range, respectively. For every 10% increase in distance between residence and plaza and park, the walking activity volume decreased by 5.4 and 3.2%, and BMI decreased by 9.9 and 6.3%, respectively.

Discussion

For every 10.4% increase in land mixed-use rate and per capita green area, BMI increased by 19.4%. Furthermore, higher household income and number of family members have significant correlation with walking activities and health effects. Moreover, the block-scale built environment and walking activities jointly affected health, with a cross-functional relationship between multiple factors.
Factors influencing health information system acceptance: a cross-sectional study from a low-middle-income country
Authors: Sawalha Raya , Ahmad Fayez , Al Zabadi Hamzeh , Khayyat Abdulsalam , Jallad Samar Thabet , Amro Tareq , Zagha Rami
Published: September 2024

Background

The Avicenna unified Health Information System (HIS) was implemented by the Palestinian Ministry of Health in 2010 across government hospitals. Despite its potential, the acceptance of Avicenna HIS by healthcare providers remains unclear after 14 years of application. Understanding the factors that influence healthcare provider acceptance is essential for optimizing the system's success. We investigated factors affecting acceptance of Avicenna HIS among healthcare providers in Palestinian healthcare institutions, focusing on perceived usefulness, ease of use, human factors, technological factors, and organizational support.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Palestine Medical Complex (PMC) in Ramallah, West Bank, where the Avicenna HIS has been fully implemented since 2010. A systematic random sampling was used to select participants, resulting in 300 completed questionnaires. The study utilized a self-administered questionnaire adapted from a structured tool based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The questionnaire was validated through expert review and pilot testing, achieving a Cronbach's alpha of 0.86. Each selected healthcare provider was contacted face-to-face, and written informed consent was obtained before administering the questionnaire.

Results

A total of 300 questionnaires were completed and returned. The study sample included 178 males (59.3%) and 122 females (40.7%). The majority of participants was aged 20–39 years (270 participants, 90%) and held a bachelor's degree (250 participants, 83.3%). Nurses comprised the largest professional group (153 participants, 51.0%). High levels of perceived usefulness and ease of use were reported, both with mean scores of 4.511 (S.D. = 0.295). Technological factors had a mean score of 4.004 (S.D. = 0.228), while organizational factors scored 2.858 (S.D. = 0.304). Overall acceptance of the HIS was moderately high, with a mean score of 4.218 (S.D. = 0.387). Significant differences in perceived usefulness and ease of use were noted based on gender, age, and experience.

Conclusion

This study concludes that both technological and human factors significantly influence the acceptance of HIS among healthcare providers in Palestine. To improve HIS adoption, it is recommended to enhance system functionality, ensure reliable data quality, and provide comprehensive training programs for healthcare providers.
Bridging vision and touch: advancing robotic interaction prediction with self-supervised multimodal learning
Authors: Li Luchen , Thuruthel Thomas George
Published: September 2024

Predicting the consequences of the agent’s actions on its environment is a pivotal challenge in robotic learning, which plays a key role in developing higher cognitive skills for intelligent robots. While current methods have predominantly relied on vision and motion data to generate the predicted videos, more comprehensive sensory perception is required for complex physical interactions such as contact-rich manipulation or highly dynamic tasks. In this work, we investigate the interdependence between vision and tactile sensation in the scenario of dynamic robotic interaction. A multi-modal fusion mechanism is introduced to the action-conditioned video prediction model to forecast future scenes, which enriches the single-modality prototype with a compressed latent representation of multiple sensory inputs. Additionally, to accomplish the interactive setting, we built a robotic interaction system that is equipped with both web cameras and vision-based tactile sensors to collect the dataset of vision-tactile sequences and the corresponding robot action data. Finally, through a series of qualitative and quantitative comparative study of different prediction architecture and tasks, we present insightful analysis of the cross-modality influence between vision, tactile and action, revealing the asymmetrical impact that exists between the sensations when contributing to interpreting the environment information. This opens possibilities for more adaptive and efficient robotic control in complex environments, with implications for dexterous manipulation and human-robot interaction.
Advocating a rational use of self-confrontation micro-phenomenological interviews to improve performance in elite athletes
Authors: Terrien E. , Leblanc M. , Saury J. , Hauw D. , Huet B.
Published: September 2024

Self-Confrontation Micro-Phenomenological Interviews (SCMPIs) aim to capture the fine-grained details of an athlete's experience, focusing on pre-reflective consciousness without resorting to post-hoc rationalizations. This specific type of self-confrontation interview was developed in the domain of work analysis in cognitive ergonomics. Despite its integration into numerous research studies in sport performance and training practices, the direct effects of the SCMPI on athletes remain underexplored. In this perspective article, we provide a brief overview of the theoretical foundations of SCMPI as well as a description of the paradox of the SCMPI situation. Throughout this paper, we highlight the unsolved questions around use of SCMPIs to improve athletes’ performance by enhancing reflective thinking as well as pre-reflective awareness. Furthermore, we discuss the epistemological and practical considerations regarding the selection and use of activity traces in SCMPIs. The paper calls for further research to evaluate the SCMPI's impact on performance in elite athletes, emphasizing the need for a rational application of this method in both research and practical interventions.
Hyperbaric effects on heart rate in professional SCUBA divers in thermal water
Authors: Fattorini Luigi , Rodio Angelo , Di Libero Tommaso , Ieno Cristian , Tranfo Giovanna , Pigini Daniela , Pinto Alessandro , Marchetti Enrico
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Diving in SCUBA modality modifies human physiology in many ways. These modifications have been studied since Paul Bert in a seminal work. This area of research is very sensible to technological development. At now, it is possible to record heart rate (HR) continuously while diving. The study of HR changes in SCUBA diving at different depths in a constant temperature of thermal water is the objective of the present paper.

Methods

18 healthy subjects were enrolled and HR was recorded while SCUBA diving in thermal water at a constant temperature of 33.6∘ C in the deepest Italian pool at Montegrotto (Padova, Italy). Three depths were investigated: −20, −30 and −40 meters. The HR has been recorded with a Galileo SOL diving computer. The dive was subdivided into three phases: descent (DSC), steady on depth (STD), post–dive (RSF), and average HR was evaluated in each phase. Moreover, considering the DSC and STD time duration, a statistical linear regression of HR and relative parameters, intercept and slope, were here assessed.

Results

In STD phase, HR slope obtained by regression decreased with depth. A significant difference was found between the slope during STD at −20 vs. −40 m (p ≤ 0.05).

Discussion

Present results emphasized different HR physiological adjustments among diving phases. Firstly, during the DSC, a rapid HR decrease is recognized as probably due to a vagal response; secondly, at STD, the inward blood redistribution requires another physiological adjustment. This latter is depth-dependent because of a reduction of cardiac variability. Present data highlight the important cardiac stress need to counteract the diving activity.
Physicochemical and phytochemical analysis of three melon fruit (canary melon, watermelon, and muskmelon) peels, and their valorization in biscuits development
Authors: Hussain Ashiq , Laaraj Salah , Tikent Aziz , Elfazazi Kaoutar , Adil Muhammad , Parveen Saba , Bouhrim Mohamed , Mothana Ramzi A. , Noman Omar M. , Eto Bruno , Yaqub Shazia , Fatima Haya , Firdous Nida
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Melons are highly sought after worldwide due to their exquisite and delectable taste. However, the peels of these fruits, which are rich in phytochemicals and sustainable components for innovative culinary formulations, are often discarded as waste.

Methods

This study explored the phytochemistry and valorization of three melon fruit, i.e., canary melon (Cucumis melo, var. Fonzy), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, var. Augusta), and muskmelon (Cucumis melo, var. Cantaloupe), peels in food applications by incorporating into wheat flour biscuits. Peels of fruits were separated, dried and powders were extracted with 70% ethanol.

Results and discussion

Comparing the muskmelon fruit peel to the peels of the other two fruits, the muskmelon fruit peel had the significantly (p < 0.05) high ash (8.36%), fiber (12.06%), fat (1.21%), protein (5.02%), mineral contents (Mg 233, Ca 364, K 1605, Fe 49.72, and Zn 2.39 mg/100 g), total phenolic content (167.49 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (79.16 mg QE/100 g) and total antioxidant activity (56.92 mg Trolox equivalent/100 g). Results of the antimicrobial experiments of three melon peels showed that extracts from all peels showed enough antimicrobial activities, nearly comparable to the reference drugs (ampicillin and nystatin), which still showed the highest inhibition zones. Among three extracts, highest zone of inhibition against three bacterial species, i.e., Bacillus cereus (12.03 mm), Escherichia coli (10.02 mm), and Streptococcus aureus (18.08 mm), and fungal species, i.e., Candida albicans (8.09 mm), Aspergillus niger (7.06 mm), and Mucor meihi (7.02 mm) was exhibited by muskmelon peel extract. Moisture, ash, fat, fiber, minerals, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of biscuits were increased as a result of incorporating peel flours. Correlation showed TPC and TAA were highly correlated in watermelon (10%; 1). Using principal component analysis, adding 5% canary watermelon peel powder to biscuits improved their healthful and active elements while maintaining sensory features. Baking with 10% muskmelon or watermelon peel powder boosted nutrition and antioxidant activity. After the control, biscuits fortified with 5% melon peel powder exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) high sensory scores. These findings highlight the value of melon peels as sustainable ingredients, promoting waste reduction and enhancing the dietary and functional benefits of food products.