bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charity Colonoscopy Event to Commemorate the 185th Anniversary of Singapore General Hospital
Authors: Ng Kheng Hong , Lim Jit Fong , Ho Kok Sun , Ooi Boon Swee , Tang Choong Leong , Eu Kong Weng
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is now the cancer with the highest incidence in Singapore. However, the overall mortality rate is still about 50% because the majority of the patients present at a late stage of disease. A charity event of screening colonoscopy was offered to the public in conjunction with the 185th anniversary of Singapore General Hospital. The aim of this event was to raise awareness about early detection of colorectal cancer and the safety of colonoscopy.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a one-off free screening event for colorectal cancer using colonoscopy. Four hundred and ninety individuals responded to a multimedia advertisement for the event. Of these, 220 individuals were selected for the screening based on National Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and financial status.
Results: One hundred and fifty-two individuals turned up for the colonoscopy. The median age was 55 years (range, 22 to 82), with 84 males. Significant pathology was found in 33% of the individuals (n = 51). Colorectal polyps were detected in 34 individuals (22%). A total of 45 polyps were removed, with 20 hyperplastic polyps and 25 adenomas. Eight out of 25 adenomas were located proximal to the splenic flexure. Rectal cancer was diagnosed in 1 individual (0.6%). One individual had a large dysplastic rectosigmoid ulcer and refused further intervention. There were no significant complications from any of the colonoscopies.
Conclusions: Colonoscopy is an invaluable screening modality as it has a high pick-up rate for colorectal polyp and cancer in an asymptomatic population. It is also proven to be safe in our study. It has the added advantage over flexible sigmoidoscopy of detecting a significant number of proximal lesions. Also, therapeutic polypectomy can be performed in the same setting.
Colorectal cancer is now the cancer with the highest incidence in Singapore. Similar to many developed countries, individuals here have a moderate to high risk of developing colorectal cancer in their lifetime.

Key words: Cancer screening, Colonoscopy, Colorectal cancer, Colorectal polyps, Polypectomy
Main Characteristics of the Raw Material Used for Obtaining Materials for the Restoration of Historical Monuments
Authors:   Independent researcher, Urgench State University, Sh.M. Masharipova
Published: February 2023

This article used modern methods of physical and chemical analysis to study the properties of raw materials. In our studies, the chemical, mineralogical composition, physical and mechanical properties of ancient Khiva’s used historical monuments, ceramic bricks, and masonry mortars were studied. After studying these properties, we selected new formulations to develop alternative materials. We have studied the possibilities of using modifying additives, as a result of which an identical brick will be obtained in terms of color characteristics. During the research, the chemical, mineralogical and granulometric compositions of historical bricks, masonry mortars, and clay raw materials were determined, and their ceramic–technological and thermophysical properties were studied. The chemical composition of raw materials was studied by X–ray phase studies using non–traditional modern physical and chemical methods, the mineralogical composition of raw materials was determined by scanning (scanning) microscopy, and the granulometric composition of raw materials was determined by the dry method and sedimentation analysis. The raw materials for the development of materials for the restoration of architectural monuments were the loess–like rocks of the Suzanlinskoye deposit, waste from sugar production – defecation formed at the JV JSC “Khorezm Shakar” and amorphous silica. Loess–like rocks are predominantly light brown or gray in color, consisting of minerals that form a complex structure. According to the data obtained, a comprehensive study of loess–like rocks is of great scientific and practical importance, since more than 70% of the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is made up of loess–like and loess–like rocks.
Regional Development and Design for the Formation of Regional Growth Centers Through the Utilization of Local Potential
Authors:   Mataram University, Indonesia, Hailuddin Hailuddin , Herman, M. Lalu Edi ,   Mataram University, Indonesia, Wahyunadi Wahyunadi ,   Mataram University, Indonesia, Hermawan Heri ,   Pasundan University, Indonesia, Yuliati Lilis ,   Jember University, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the role of regional development as a new growth area and its contribution to regional development based on its natural and economic wealth potential. A room's story is significant to create community welfare. This study used a descriptive method based on the results of field observations and secondary data, which were analyzed using the Gravity Model approach, Williamson Index and Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, and qualitative research. The results showed that the interaction between Sekotong and its surrounding areas was relatively high. It can be seen that the Sekotong-Sheet position has the most excellent gravity valueIt can also be explained that Sekotong currently has two mainstay sectors as the base sector, namely the Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, and Mining sector. The other three sectors, such as Wholesale and Information are potential sectors to become base sectors for the future. With the development of marine and hilly potentials through tourism, of course, the hope is that it will divert community activities from destroying nature (illegal gold mining) to actions to protect and preserve the surrounding environment. This study reveals that the changing of people characters from destructive mindset into the hospitality toward the environment.
Financial Performance as Intervening Variable Affect of Intellectual Capital and Capital Structure on Firm Value in the Banking Sector
Authors:   Warmadewa University Master of Management Study Program, Novia Suastyani Kadek , Suyatna Yasa Putu Ngurah ,   Warmadewa University Master of Management Study Program, Putu Surasmi Ida Ayu ,   Warmadewa University Master of Management Study Program
Published: February 2023

Study purpose decide the affect intellectual capital and capital structur on value company, mediated by financial performance. This studies was conduct at banking firm on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021, where there were 46 company populations. Sampels taken use non-probability method sampling with purposive sampling tecnic, with criterias: 1) Banking firms publish consecutive financial reports, 2) Banking firms do not experience losses or negative profit during a certain period. There were 26 sample companies with 106 total observation companies. The technique analysis data use in this studies the path analysis method. Result of this study indicate intellectual capital, capital structure significant and positive impact on value firm, intellectual capital and capital structure has a positive and significant impact on financial performance, financial has significant and positive impact on value company, financial performance is could to mediate intellectual capital on value company, financial performance is could to mediate capital structure on banking company value on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021
Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity with Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index at As Syafiiyah Islamic University
Authors: Pratignyo Lisana Sumarah , Supian Sudradjat , Lesmana Eman
Published: February 2023

Efficiency is important in the assessment of a performance on an institution or organization. After assessment of efficiency is continued with measurement of assessment in its productivity. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the efficiency and productivity of 7 study programs at As Syafiâ€™iyah Islamic University. The results obtained for the value of efficiency on 7 study programs of 2017/2018-2018/2019 academic year using the Data Envelopment Analysis method is there are 6 study programs as Decision Making Unit (DMU) for 2 years consecutive have a technical efficiency value reach 100% on each DMU. As for the productivity measurement of 7 study programs using the Malmquist Productivity Index method which achieved the highest productivity isÂ  Islamic Religious Education Program (PAI) with a Total Factor Productivity (TFP) value of 1.124.
A Glimpse onParadi Guna and its Application in AyurvedaChikitsa &Anusandhan -A Conceptual Study
Authors: MJadhav Komal , R Vyshnavi , Krishnan M Ajith
Published: February 2023

Ayurveda is the ancient life science, which aims at maintenance of health and elimination ofdiseases. One can find reference to various basic principles in Ayurveda. Guna siddhanta isonesuchbasicprincipleexplainedbyouracharyas.Variousclassificationsofguna(characteristic feature) & its utility in chikitsa(treatment)are mentioned in AyurvedaTexts. Guna (characteristic feature) is one of the prime factors considered in Ayurveda. Itmeans characteristic feature.Paradi gunas are also called as chikitsakiya guna as they areuseful in treating the patients. It includes Para, Apara, Yukti etc.Research is classified into basic andapplied. Basic research includes finding new things by usingfundamental principles. ForAyurveda Scholars thereismuch need of application of thesefundamental principlesinChikitsa (treatment) as well as inanusandhan(research).This article aims on application of paradi gunasinchikitsa(treatment) &anusandhan(research)aspect
A Critical Review on Nidraas aCardinal Requisite for Optimal Health and Well Being
Authors: Sharma Raksha , K. Bhojani Meera
Published: February 2023

Ayurvedaas a holistic science lays great emphasis on lifestyle modification under Ahar(Diet), Vihar(Daily regimen) and Aoushadh(triad for prevention and treatment of all diseases).Among vihara nidrais considered as a very influencing factorin Ayurvedaclassics. Nindrais considered as one of the sub pillar of Trayopasthambh which includes Ahaar, Bhramcharya, and Nidra. Ahaar nourishes our body, Brahmcharya nourishes mind but Nidra nourishes both bodyand mind. Sleep maintains the functions of entire body through homeostasis; contemporary science states that NREM (non rapid eye movement) sleep may be state of brain repair i.e. of increased cerebral protein synthesis or of reprogramming the brain so that the information achieved in a wakeful functioning is most efficiently assimilated. Ayurvedasubstantiates the similar opinion by designating it as ‘Bhut-Dhatri‘which nourishes the all living beings.
Aplikasi E-Tourism berbasis Android sebagai Panduan dan media Promosi Objek Pariwisata di Maluku Utara
Authors: Lestari Nindia , Ambarita Arisandy , Hafel Riska Grianti , . Muharto
Published: February 2023

Abstrak : Penelitian ini membahas tentang Aplikasi E-Tourism berbasis android. Penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk memudahkan wisatawan agar dapat mengetahui letak objek pariwisata yang belum mereka kunjungi di Maluku Utara. Aplikasi E-Tourism ini mendeskripsikan beberapa tempat wisata yang unik yaitu; danau tolire besar, danau tolire kecil, dan pantai-pantai wisata yang ada di Maluku Utara. Aplikasi ini, mempunyai fitur-fitur menarik seperti; deskripsi tempat wisata yang unik, tarif harga yang sangat terjangkau, tersedianya area parkir yang cukup luas, area diving, musholah, kamar mandi, wisata kuliner, area perkemahan, view yang indah untuk melakukan sesi foto, dan aktifitas lempar batu. Peneliti fokus pada aplikasi panduan objek pariwisata berbasis android yang akan digunakan oleh setiap pengguna, yang hasil tampilan gambar pada aplikasi ini jelas jernih dan tidak pecah serta lengkap dengan keterangan gambar yang ditulis. Aplikasi ini sangat penting bagi para wisatawan yang ingin berkunjung. Oleh karena itu, dengan adanya aplikasi panduan objek pariwisata ini, dapat membantu dan mempermudah mereka untuk mengetahui letak objek wisata dan sebagai media promosi objek pariwisata di Maluku Utara berbasis androidKata kunci: E-Tourism, Objek Pariwisata, Aplikasi AndroidAbstract : This study discusses the android-based E-Tourism application. This study aims to make it easier for tourists to find out the location of tourist objects that they have not visited in Maluku Utara. E-Tourism application describes some unique tourist attractions, namely; large tolire lakes, small tolire lakes, and tourist beaches in Maluku Utara. This application has interesting features such as; descriptions of unique tourist attractions, very affordable rates, the availability of a large parking area, diving areas, prayer rooms, bathrooms, culinary tours, camping areas, beautiful views for photo sessions, and stone-throwing activities. Researchers focus on an android-based tourism object guide application that will be used by every user, whose image display results in this application are clear and unbroken and complete with written image descriptions. This application is very important for tourists who want to visit. Therefore, with this tourism object guide application, it can help and make it easier for them to find out the location of tourist objects and as a media promotion of tourism objects in Maluku Utara based on Android.Keywords: E-Tourism, Tourism Object, Android Application
Learning Competencies, Experiences and Problems Encountered in the Implementation of Graduate Programs of Visayas State University during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Office of the Dean of Graduate School, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City,Leyte, Tulin Anabellla , Arradaza Catherine , Oclinaria Wenifreda ,   Department of Horticulture, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City,Leyte, Regina Analyn , Dalin-as Debra Jean , Posas Maricar , Quevedo Mark Joshua
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented ongoing global problem which affect different people in different ways. The study was conducted to know the effects of this world wide pandemic to graduate students in VSU and to look into the problems they encountered as well as the various coping mechanisms especially in dealing with the virtual delivery of instructions. This will provide vital information for institutional planning in the implementation of graduate programs in the university during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study was conducted through online survey involving 200 graduate students as part of the graduate tracer studies of the university. Majority of the problems identified include the following: no stable internet connectivity; inaccessibility of laboratory facilities because of restrictions to enter the university campus; difficulty in conducting thesis analysis; unable to meet the deadlines in submitting required printed copy of reports because of long delayed shipment; inaccessibility of books in the library necessary for the preparation and discussion of thesis; laboratory exercises were difficult to accomplished due to inaccessibility to laboratory equipment and facilities and difficulty in understanding some complex lessons with virtual study delivery. In addition, they also emphasized that online mode of learning is more stressful that causes anxiety and mental illness. The online discussions were quite difficult and laboratory principles could not be well understood because of no actual practical laboratory activities in technical courses; so many distractions and noises in students' surroundings with the virtual mode of teaching delivery; hard time searching for resources and lots of requirements and activities to comply. The respondent likewise gave some suggestions to improve the online delivery of instructions. These include the provision of recorded class discussions, longer hours in taking online exams, transparency of grading system and healthy environment between the teacher and students.
To Use an Ant Colony Technique to Solve a Crispy Type Bi- and Tri-Objective Transportation Problem
Authors: Ekanayake E. M. U. S. B.
Published: February 2023

Transportation problem (TP) aims to reduce the entire transportation cost of moving resources from various supply hubs to various demand hubs. However, in real-life situations, all organizations want to achieve numerous objectives while making transportation of goods. The degree of deterioration may vary depending on the mode, route, and time of transport. In some cases, the multiobjective could be used to reduce the use of a scarce resource, such as energy. As a result, the proposed approach was discovered to be an algorithm that improves bi- and triobjective TP techniques. This is an innovative way for solving the new bi- and triobjective transportation algorithm using a modified ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. According to the literature, various strategies have been developed in the past to tackle the multiobjective transportation problem (MOTP). The MOTP is solved using goal programming, fuzzy programming, interactive solution algorithms, and other techniques. These strategies are occasionally good or bad in achieving better results in a reasonable amount of time. The heuristic technique used in this work is the improved ACO algorithm, which is based on the ant colony algorithm and has been found to provide solutions with a reasonable degree of satisfaction for two and three objective TPs. When the findings are compared, the solution achieved using the proposed method has delivered the best performance and provides a case study to show the new strategy.
 
Received: 19 September 2022 | Revised: 28 December 2022 | Accepted: 19 January 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
Vectorización: de la arquitectura a la medicina estética
Authors: de Frutos Pachón Eduardo
Published: February 2023

Cada vez se habla más de la importancia de tratar la flacidez antes que las arrugas, y uno de los grandes retos de la medicina estética ya no es sólo quitar arrugas, sino reposicionar y elevar los tejidos que se rinden ante la gravedad. Aplicado a la estética facial, está muy de moda hablar de “efecto V” y cómo conseguirlo aplicando técnicas de vectorización cutánea. Sin embargo, se debe tener claro el significado real de un vector. Y se puede aprender de ingenieros y arquitectos que trabajan a diario con este concepto matemático. A lo largo del artículo se profundiza en la comprensión de los vectores como cables tensores que ejercen su efecto por medio de su retracción, siempre que se cuente con un punto de anclaje. Para terminar, se establece una interesante analogía entre el rejuvenecimiento facial avanzado y la construcción de puentes atirantados, haciendo mención a la técnica de rejuvenecimiento facial que aplica este concepto.
The Correlation Between Transformational Leadership and Employee Innovation in the Customs Department in the Emirate of Dubai
Authors: Salem Rashed Ismail Bilal , Ismail Hamidi , Mohammed Fathey
Published: February 2023

Transformational leadership is as an emerging theory in managerial leadership unlike traditional  leadership, where a leader works with his team members by persuading them along with sharing  responsibilities leading to achievement of unexpected results beyond their capabilities.  Management leaders intends to implement transformational leadership style, yet they are unaware  that it is not enough. Therefore, strategic issues like management of knowledge and organizational  learning must be managed through transformational leadership for consulting firms in order to  develop organizational innovation. The research focused on identifying the correlation between  transformational leadership and employee innovation., A quantitative approach relying on a questionnaire was conducted. The study sample consisted of 371 employees who were selected  through quota sampling from Dubai Customs. The results showed that the relative weight of  transformational leadership amounted to 80.34%, with a mean value of 4.02 and a standard  deviation of 0.34, and the relative weight of employee innovation was 67.99%, with an average of  3.40 and a standard deviation of 0.86. The Pearson correlation coefficient between  transformational leadership and employee innovation R=0.269, which means that there is a  correlation between transformational leadership and employee innovation at Dubai Customs in the  United Arab Emirates. In addition, employee innovation was fundamentally affected by the  independent variable (transformational leadership) and in a statistically significant manner.  Furthermore, the findings showed the adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.166, which  means that 16.6% of the change in employee innovation was due to the influence of the  independent variable (transformational leadership). The study may help Dubai Customs in  developing its employees creativity by developing the transformational leadership of its leaders,  and helps it discover strategic elements for this purpose like management of knowledge and  organizational learning.
Leadership, Crisis Management, and Business Continuity
Authors: Alblooshi Moosa Ahmed Jafar Almandoos , Mohamed Ahmad Martadha , Yusr Maha  Mohammed
Published: February 2023

The objective of the current research was to identify the mediating role of crisis management  between leadership and business continuity. Crisis management has always been considered as a  responsibility of the leaders of the organizations. Moreover, leaders have to show their true  leadership skills during the time of crisis in order to keep things going. For meeting the  objectives of the study, the data has been collected from 384 employees working at public sector  organizations of UAE. The data has been collected by applying survey techniques and self administered questionnaires were distributed using simple random sampling. The findings from  structural equation modelling revealed that leadership has a significant direct impact over  business continuity as well as crisis management. this shows that leaders that are efficient in  leadership holds the capability to manage the crisis. Moreover, the mediating role of crisis  management between leadership and business continuity is also significant.
Cefaléia e disfunção de nervos cranianos secundários a aneurisma de artéria carótida: relato de dois casos e revisão da literatura
Authors: Fortunato Pedro Neves , Ueno Danilo Takashi Yoshimatsu , Sukessada Mariana Suemi , Barros Gabriel Santaterra , Silva João Fernando Cloclet Pio da , Freire Bruna Franchito , Gulhote Daniela Alves , Piffer Ana Beatriz Barbosa , Silva Junior Hilton Mariano da
Published: February 2023

O seio cavernoso é um plexo venoso localizado na base do crânio. Várias patologias, como processos inflamatórios, aneurismáticos ou metastáticos, podem afetar esse plexo. A síndrome do seio cavernoso ocorre quando os nervos estão envolvidos nessa região (nervos cranianos III, IV, VI e divisões do V). Essas relações anatômicas explicam que a diplopia e a dor são os sintomas iniciais mais comuns nesses pacientes. Os aneurismas carotídeos cavernosos (CCAs) representam 2% a 9% dos aneurismas. Relatamos dois pacientes que apresentaram síndrome do seio cavernoso decorrente de aneurismas da artéria carótida. O reconhecimento da etiologia desse quadro clínico diferenciado é fundamental para evitar complicações e direcionar a melhor conduta para cada paciente.
Reconhecimento de padrões e classificação não supervisionada baseada em sistemas conexionistas evolutivos
Authors: Santana Márcio Wladimir , Lamounier Stella Marys Dornelas , Fortunato Danielle Abreu , Gomes Jader Bôsco , Mendes Israel Teodoro
Published: February 2023

O reconhecimento de padrões é uma área da ciência cujo objetivo é a classificação de objetos em um número de categorias ou classes. Estes objetos podem ser imagens, formas de onda de sinais ou qualquer tipo de medição que necessita ser distinguida. Na área de sistemas elétricos de potência, com foco em qualidade de energia, o reconhecimento de padrões tem sido cada vez mais usado para detectar e classificar distúrbios que ocorrem nos sinais de tensão e corrente. Estes eventos são chamados de distúrbios de qualidade de energia elétrica e causam prejuízos financeiros tanto às concessionárias de energia quanto aos consumidores. Portanto, a detecção e classificação destes distúrbios são de fundamental importância. Este trabalho apresenta o sistema conexionista evolutivo eCF (evolving Classifier Function) para a classificação não supervisionada de distúrbios de qualidade da energia elétrica em sinais de tensão elétrica. Para extração de características indicadoras de presença de distúrbios é considerado um método híbrido composto pelas seguintes técnicas de análise de sinais: filtro Hodrick e Prescott, raiz do valor quadrático médio e transformada rápida de Fourier. Os resultados mostram uma comparação entre o desempenho do eCF e outros classificadores. O modelo eCF obteve acurácia média de 100%.
Geología, alteración hidrotermal y mineralogía del sistema de vetas Sofía-Julia-Valencia, distrito minero Andacollo, Neuquén, Argentina
Authors: Pons María Josefina , Mendiberri Juan , Arce Martín , Greco Gerson Alan , Musso Telma B. , Fernández María Lis , Hauser Natalia , Aparicio González Pamela
Published: February 2023

The Sofía-Julia-Valencia vein system, located in the Andacollo mining district in central west Argentina, is hosted by ENE-WSW oriented strike-slip faults which are the result of reactivation of normal faults affecting Carboniferous to Jurassic rocks during Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene. These veins contain a total resource of 22,900 Oz of gold with 5.5-6.7 g/t AuEq. Geologic mapping and a U-Pb age of 71±1Ma in zircon, obtained in an altered and mineralized dacitic dyke of the district, allowed to associate the mineralizing event to the Naunauco Andesitic belt magmatism (Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene) and to the Cretaceous-Paleogene Metallogenic Belt of the Andes in southwestern Argentina. The ore bodies are made up of multiple veins and veinlets that, from oldest to youngest, correspond to: (1) scarce early quartz+pyrite+molybdenite+iron poor-sphalerite veinlets, (2) quartz+epidote+calcite±albite (apatite+rutile+titanite+light rare earth elements bearing phosphates) associated with quartz+biotite, epidote (actinolite)+chlorite+calcite, with pyrite+pyrrhotite±chalcopyrite±(iron rich-sphalerite), marcasite veins. These veins are cut and reopened by (3) polymetallic veins and veinlets formed by quartz+sericite±carbonates (chlorite), with iron-gold rich sphalerite+silver rich-galena+chalcopyrite+pyrite, native gold±arsenopyrite±(pyrrhotite, bornite, argentite). Pyrite (4) and (5) carbonate+framboidal pyrite veinlets cuts all the previous ones. Multistage carbonate generation brecciate and cut previous veins and veinlets. Quartz shows granular, comb textures and some calcites developed platy textures. Four hydrothermal alteration types affected the veins host rock: (1) patches of early potassic alteration; (2) widespread propylitic alteration with disseminated sulfides; (3) later phyllic alteration overlapped to the previous ones; and (4) late supergene alteration. The sphalerite and chlorite composition in the veins (1 and 2) along with their mineral assamblages indicates they were formed by initially alkaline fluids (e.g., feldspar stable) with intermediate sulfur and oxygen fugacity and mesothermal temperature conditions (~400-240 °C), that evolved to conditions of lower sulfur (e.g., pyrrhotite stable) and oxygen fugacity, temperature
The Gospel of Judas
Authors: Brakke David
Published: February 2023

A new translation and commentary on the extracanonical Coptic text that describes Judas’ special status among Jesus’ disciples

Since its publication in 2006, The Gospel of Judas has generated remarkable interest and debate among scholars and general readers alike. In this Coptic text from the second century C.E., Jesus engages in a series of conversations with his disciples and with Judas, explaining the origin of the cosmos and its rulers, the existence of another holy race, and the coming end of the current world order.

In this new translation and commentary, David Brakke addresses the major interpretive questions that have emerged since the text’s discovery, exploring the ways that The Gospel of Judas sheds light on the origins and development of gnostic mythology, debates over the Eucharist and communal authority, and Christian appropriation of Jewish apocalyptic eschatology. The translation reflects new analyses of the work’s genre and structure, and the commentary and notes provide thorough discussions of the text’s grammar and numerous lacunae and ambiguities.
Diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Park Chang Kyu , Lim Seung Hoon , Park Bong Jin
Published: February 2023

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia is a sudden and painful facial condition that is triggered by activities of daily living. The pain is debilitating and patients are often unable to perform routine daily tasks such as washing their face, shaving, and brushing their teeth, which in turn has an impact on their social life and mental well-being as they are often anxious and fearful of not knowing when the pain may occur.Current Concepts: Treatment for trigeminal neuralgia involves local nerve destruction surgeries, including neuroblocking, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, percutaneous radio-frequency rhizotomy, and gamma knife surgery. Although these types of surgeries reduce pain, the side effects are unpleasant and include decreased facial sensation, which originates from the damage to the trigeminal nerve. Furthermore, these surgeries provide insufficient long-term outcomes and symptoms often recur. Microvascular decompression is a radical surgical approach that separates the blood vessels that cause pain from the nerves. In a large-scale study, microvascular decompression significantly reduced the pain in 80–96% of the patients who underwent initial treatment. Of these, 85% experienced significant pain reduction 38 months post-surgery, and 72–85% reported that they were able to manage their pain 5 years post-surgery. Currently, microvascular decompression is the most appropriate surgical approach to control pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia, as it exhibits the highest rate of pain control and lowest rate of recurrence.Discussion and Conclusion: The accurate diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia, through clinical symptoms and imaging, is important to obtain good treatment outcomes. Microvascular decompression should be considered when a patient responds poorly to initial treatment approaches, cannot receive surgical treatment due to side effects, or experiences pain recurrence following local nerve destruction.
Diagnosis and treatment of occipital neuralgia: focus on greater occipital nerve entrapment syndrome
Authors: Son Byung-chul
Published: February 2023

Background: Occipital neuralgia is defined as paroxysmal shooting, or stabbing pain in the posterior part of the scalp, in the distribution of the greater and lesser occipital nerves. Occipital neuralgia may present only as an intermittent stabbing pain, but different opinions exist on its cause and diagnostic criteria.Current Concepts: According to the latest version of headache classification, only paroxysmal stabbing pain is included in the diagnostic criteria, and persistent aching pain is excluded. Pain intensity was also limited to severe cases. It has therefore become difficult to classify existing occipital neuralgia, whose main symptom is persistent pain rather than paroxysmal stabbing pain. Occipital neuralgia is classified as either idiopathic or secondary. Secondary occipital neuralgia is caused by structural lesions innervating the trigeminocervical complex (TCC) in the upper spinal cord, the dorsal root of second cervical cord, and the greater occipital nerve (GON).Discussion and Conclusion: Although idiopathic occipital neuralgia has no cause, the entrapment of the GON in the tendinous aponeurotic attachment of the trapezius muscle at the superior nuchal line has recently been proposed as an etiology. Chronic, irritating afferent input of occipital neuralgia caused by entrapment of the GON seems to be associated with sensitization and hypersensitivity of the second-order neurons in the TCC receiving convergent input from trigeminal and occipital structures. TCC sensitization induces referred pain in the facial trigeminal area.
Efforts needed to maintain and develop essential medical services in the neurosurgery field
Authors: Bang Jae Seung
Published: February 2023

Background: Although it is naturally included in essential medical services (EMS), neurosurgery is not included in the current EMS set by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea. Therefore, as of 2023, I would like to describe the causes and current status of the progressively decreasing number of brain surgeons, which are responsible for an important axis of EMS, and the efforts needed to maintain and develop EMS.Current Concepts: The resident application rate for neurosurgery has not deviated much from 80 to 120 annually over the past 20 years; therefore, it does not seem to be included in the so-called “dying EMS.” However, the number of individuals who withdraw during the 4-year resident training period is as high as 15.43%, and the number of new neurosurgery specialists after resident training decreases gradually. The number of brain surgeons is declining, as many neurosurgeons specialize in the spine rather than the brain. Moreover, the extremely low cost of neurosurgery compared to that of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and cruel reality of Korea sets brain surgeons in a dangerous situation.Discussion and Conclusion: To save essential medical neurosurgeons, especially brain specialists, it is extremely necessary to make the medical fee realistic, improve the status of neurosurgeons, and improve the excessive criminal punishment for medical accidents that occur during treatment and surgery. There is no future for Korean neurosurgery without proper compensation for neurosurgeons who work with many dangerous surgeries and shorten the lifespan of doctors.
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Jang Yong Hyun
Published: February 2023

Background: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are common and produce easily identifiable clinical symptoms. These may range from mild maculopapular rashes to severe reactions associated with systemic disease.Current Concepts: The most common presentation of a drug eruption is in the form of a maculopapular rash or exanthematous skin eruption, followed by fixed drug eruptions and urticaria. Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions include Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, which are rare but potentially life-threatening. Recently, it has emerged that cutaneous adverse drug reactions associated with newly developed drugs, such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, may induce a variety of cutaneous manifestations.Discussion and Conclusion: Although certain drugs, such as antimicrobials and anticonvulsants, can frequently cause drug eruptions, their effects may change, depending on the situation and timing. Therefore, in order to resolve symptoms and prevent complications, early diagnosis, drug identification, and appropriate treatment should be performed, in consideration of the various factors involved.
In search of Jong Ha Kim, the first Korean medical doctor in modern Daejeon city
Authors: Kim Dae Kyum
Published: February 2023

Background: Recently, it was revealed that Jong-Ha Kim was the first self-employed Korean physician in Daejeon city of South Korea during the Japanese colonial period. However, little is known about him. In this paper, the author aimed to search for historical records of his activities as the first Korean physician in Daejeon city.Current Concepts: Kim’s clinic in Daejeon city was called Chung-Ang Clinic. This is all that has ever been confirmed about Jong-Ha Kim. The author has been searching for his medical record for the last year. Kim’s medical records were collected from journal papers on the modern history of Korea, National Institute of Korean History database, Naver news library archive, official gazette of the Japanese government-general of Korea, database of Seoul National University alumni, and a resume of a professor at the Hamhung Medical School. The results are as follows. He was born in Shinchang-ri Hamheung city Hamgyeongnam-do on August 9, 1900. He graduated from the missionary school established by Canadian missionaries and was admitted to Kyungseong (Keijo) Medical School in 1918. It was recently discovered that he participated in the Independence movement on March 1, 1919. His picture, an old leaflet for his clinic which he had used, and his resume as a professor at the Hamhung Medical School were discovered for the first time.Discussion and Conclusion: The historical records of Jong-Ha Kim’s life provide insight into the lives of contemporary doctors in modern Korea. During the period of 1900 to 1950, which encompasses his historical records, significant events took place in Korean history, and he actively participated in these events. Despite facing numerous difficulties as a doctor in modern Korea, Jong-Ha Kim made decisions that had a great impact. He was a great doctor who served as a good role model.
Determination of the influence of socio-economic activities on streamflow in South West upper Tana basin, Kenya
Authors: Mwendwa Philip K
Published: February 2023

The study aimed to determine the influence of socio-economic activities on streamflow undertaken in South West Upper Tana Basin, Kenya (SWUT), one of the larger Upper Tana Basin basins. In this study, primary data was obtained by administering questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained from Water Resources Authority (WRA). The administration of questionnaires was in the period between April 2019 and June 2020. Logit regression was run to determine the influence of the different socio-economic activities on streamflow. The results showed that agriculture was the main socio-economic activity influencing water abstraction in the study area. Agricultural practices such as farm size, income from crop sales and fertiliser use significantly influenced water abstraction with P values (0.04, 0.01 and 0.02) < 0.05. The study also established household characteristics such as the income of the household head, income level of household head, marital status, age, residence period, level of education, the technology used, and gender of the household head positively influenced water abstraction. However, these factors did not significantly influence water abstraction with P values of 0.23, 0.78, 0.50, 0.60, 0.74, and 0.52 for the income level of household head, marital status, age, residence period and level of education, respectively, being > 0.05. The study recommends the formulation of policies to ensure efficient water abstraction in the basin. Water Resources Authority should also ensure that all water abstractors are licensed to minimise over-abstraction.
Pemanfaatan Isolat Bakteri dari Cairan Pulp Kakao sebagai Bioaktivator dalam Pengomposan Limbah Kulit Buah Kakao
Authors: , Nurhidayah , Winata Lucia Ratna , , Fahruddin
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri dari cairan pulp kakao sebagai bioaktivator pengomposan, untuk mengetahui penurunan kadar lignin dan selulosa pada pengomposan, dan untuk mengetahui laju penguraian limbah kulit buah kakao oleh isolat bakteri dari cairan pulp kakao sebagai bioaktivator dalam pengomposan, serta untuk mengetahui jumlah bahan organik dan rasio C/N dari hasil pengomposan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tamalanrea Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak. Data dianalisis dengan metode analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjut dengan uji Tuckey HSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya dua jenis isolat bakteri, yaitu isolat A (Lactobacillus plantarum) dan isolat B (Lactobacillus acidophilus). Penambahan bioaktivator dapat mempercepat laju dekomposisi pengomposan, sehingga dapat mengurangi terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan dan yang paling efektif adalah isolat A Mc Farland 1,5  sebesar 15,16 g/hari, isolat B Mc Farland 1 sebesar 15,56 g/hari dan isolat A 1,5 ditambah isolat B 1 sebesar 16.63 g/hari. Kedua jenis isolat bakteri mampu menurunkan kadar lignin dan selulosa, dan yang paling efektif adalah isolat A 1,5 ditambah isolat B 1 dengan nilai lignin akhir sebesar 29,91% dan selulosa sebesar 9,15%, sedangkan unsur hara tertinggi yang terkandung, yaitu pada P7 dengan nilai N-total  (1,36%), P tersedia (0,53%), dan K2O (1,75%), dan rasio C/N memenuhi SNI 20004 pada semua perlakuan yang berkisar antara 15-20.Kata kunci: Limbah kulit buah kakao, bioaktivator, laju pengomposan,lignin, selulosa, rasio C/N.
Particle number concentrations and size distributions in the stratosphere: implications of nucleation mechanisms and particle microphysics
Authors: Yu Fangqun , Luo Gan , Nair Arshad Arjunan , Eastham Sebastian , Williamson Christina J. , Kupc Agnieszka , Brock Charles A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. While formation and growth of particles in the troposphere have been extensively studied in the past two decades, very limited efforts have
been devoted to understanding these in the stratosphere. Here we use both
Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) laboratory measurements taken under
very low temperatures (205–223 K) and Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) in situ observations of particle number size distributions (PNSDs) down to 3 nm to constrain nucleation mechanisms and to evaluate
model-simulated particle size distributions in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS). We show that the binary homogenous nucleation (BHN) scheme used in most of the existing stratospheric aerosol injection (a proposed method of solar
radiation modification) modeling studies overpredicts the nucleation rates by
3–4 orders of magnitude (when compared to CLOUD data) and particle number
concentrations in the background LMS by a factor ∼ 2–4 (when
compared to ATom data). Based on a recently developed kinetic nucleation
model, which gives rates of both ion-mediated nucleation (IMN) and BHN at
low temperatures in good agreement with CLOUD measurements, both BHN and IMN
occur in the stratosphere. However, IMN rates are generally more than 1
order of magnitude higher than BHN rates and thus dominate nucleation in the
background stratosphere. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH) LMS with minimum
influence of anthropogenic emissions, our analysis shows that ATom-measured
PNSDs generally have four apparent modes. The model captures reasonably well
the two modes (Aitken mode and the first accumulation mode) with the highest
number concentrations and size-dependent standard deviations. However,
the model misses an apparent second accumulation mode peaking around
300–400 nm, which is in the size range important for aerosol direct
radiative forcing. The bimodal structure of accumulation mode particles has
also been observed in the stratosphere well above tropopause and in the
volcano-perturbed stratosphere. We suggest that this bimodal structure may
be caused by the effect of charges on coagulation and growth, which is not
yet considered in any existing models and may be important in the
stratosphere due to high ionization rates and the long lifetime of aerosols.
Considering the importance of accurate PNSDs for projecting a realistic
radiation forcing response to stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), it is
essential to understand and incorporate such potentially important processes
in SAI model simulations and to carry out further research to find out what
other processes the present models might have missed.
Flood detection using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage and extreme precipitation data
Authors: Zhang Jianxin , Liu Kai , Wang Ming
Published: February 2023

Abstract. A complete global flood event record would aid researchers to
analyze the distribution of global floods and, thus, better formulate and
manage disaster prevention and reduction policies. This study used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage and precipitation data combined with
high-frequency filtering, anomaly detection and flood potential index
methods to successfully extract historical flood days globally between 1 April 2002 and 31 August 2016; these results were then further compared and validated with Dartmouth Flood Observatory (DFO) data, Global Runoff Data
Centre (GRDC) discharge data, news reports and social media data. The
results showed that GRACE-based flood days could cover 81 % of the flood
events in the DFO database, 87 % of flood events extracted by MODIS and
supplement many additional flood events not recorded by the DFO. Moreover,
the probability of detection greater than or equal to 0.5 reached 62 %
among 261 river basins compared to flood events derived from the GRDC
discharge data. These detection capabilities and detection results are both
good. Finally, we provided flood day products with a 1∘ spatial
resolution covering the range between 60∘ S and 60∘ N from 1 April 2002 to 31 August 2016; these products can be obtained from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831384 (Zhang et al., 2022b). Thus, this research contributes a data foundation for
the mechanistic analysis and attribution of global flood events.
Madde Bağımlılarının ve Ailelerinin Bağımlılıkla Mücadele Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Nalbantoğlu İsmail , Tuncay Tarık
Published: February 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, madde bağımlılarının ve aile üyelerinin bağımlılık sürecine ilişkin deneyimlerini ortaya çıkararak bağımlılık sürecini kapsamlı bir şekilde anlamaya çalışmaktır.
Yöntem: Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda 9 iyileşmekte olan bağımlı ve 4 bağımlı yakını olmak üzere toplamda 13 katılımcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmada, sosyal çevre ve arkadaş etkisinin, mevcut sorunların, travmatik yaşantıların, anlam arayışının ve aile içi sorunların madde kullanımına neden olan faktörler arasında olduğu, bununla birlikte bağımlı bireylerin sosyal, fiziksel ve yasal sorunlarla karşı karşıya kaldıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Yakınlarının madde kullandığını öğrenen aile üyelerinin hayal kırıklığı ve üzüntü yaşadıkları görülürken tedavi girişimleri hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Bağımlılık tedavisinin hem bağımlıyı hem de aileyi içerecek şekilde gerçekleştirilmesinin tedavi etkililiğini arttıracağı ve iyileşme sürecini olumlu yönde destekleyeceği düşünülmektedir. Bağımlı ailelerinin tedavi sürecine aktif katılımları üzerine yapılacak çalışmalara gereksinim duyulmaktadır.
Tütün Ürünleri ve Sigara Denetimlerine Yönelik Farklı Bir Bakış
Authors: Benli Ali Ramazan
Published: February 2023

Tütün ve sigara kullanımının kontrol altına alınması amacıyla mevzuat düzenlemeleri yapılmıştır. Bunların uygulanmasında sahada çeşitli sorunlar yaşanmakta ve etkin bir sonuç alınamamaktadır. Bunun nedenlerinden biri ise denetim ile verilen cezaların sadece içicilik üzerine yoğunlaşıldığı ve cezaların yönlendiriciliğinin bulunmamasıdır. İl Sağlık Müdürlüklerinin denetim ekiplerinin oluşturulmasında ve sekreteryasında aktif görev almalarından ziyade tütün ve tütün ürünlerinin zararları, pasif içicilik, bağımlılığın getirdiği sonuçlar, sigara bırakma polikliniklerine yönlendirme gibi eğitim tarafında yer almaları daha verimli olacaktır. Bu yazıda sigara bırakma polikliniklerinin daha etkin ve verimli çalışması için de cezadan tedaviye giden bir süreç önerilmiştir.