bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National Partnership for Maternal Safety: Consensus Bundle on Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: D’Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M. , Smiley Richard M. , Montgomery Douglas M. , Paidas Michael J. , D’Oria Robyn , Frost Jennifer L. , Hameed Afshan B. , Karsnitz Deborah , Levy Barbara S. , Clark Steven L.
Published: September 2016

Obstetric venous thromboembolism is a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Maternal death from thromboembolism is amenable to prevention, and thromboprophylaxis is the most readily implementable means of systematically reducing the maternal death rate. Observational data support the benefit of risk-factor-based prophylaxis in reducing obstetric thromboembolism. This bundle, developed by a multidisciplinary working group and published by the National Partnership for Maternal Safety under the guidance of the Council on Patient Safety in Women’s Health Care, supports routine thromboembolism risk assessment for obstetric patients, with appropriate use of pharmacologic and mechanical thromboprophylaxis. Safety bundles outline critical clinical practices that should be implemented in every maternity unit. The safety bundle is organized into four domains: Readiness, Recognition, Response, and Reporting and Systems Learning. Although the bundle components may be adapted to meet the resources available in individual facilities, standardization within an institution is strongly encouraged.
Metabolic Acidosis Assessment in High-Risk Surgeries: Prognostic Importance
Authors: Silva João Manoel , Ribas Rosa de Oliveira Amanda Maria , Mendes Nogueira Fernando Augusto , Vianna Pedro M. M. , Amendola Cristina Prata , Carvalho Carmona Maria José , Sá Malbouisson Luiz M.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:

Metabolic acidosis frequently is present in surgical patients; however, different types of metabolic acidosis (hyperlactatemia, hyperchloremia, and others) may have different relationships to perioperative outcomes. We hypothesized that in postoperative surgical patients, distinctive types of metabolic acidosis would correlate differently with the outcomes of high-risk surgeries.

METHODS:

A prospective, multicenter observational study was performed in 3 different tertiary care hospitals. Patients who required postoperative admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in this study. Patients with a short life expectancy (those with untreated cancer and limited treatment), hepatic failure, renal failure, or a diagnosis of diabetes were excluded. Patients were classified at ICU admission according to the presence and type of metabolic acidosis into 4 groups: those without acidosis, those with a base excess <−4 mmol/L and albumin-corrected anion gap ≤12 mmol/L (hyperchloremic), those with a base excess <−4 mmol/L and increased albumin-corrected anion gap >12 mmol/L, and those with a base excess <−4 mmol/L and hyperlactatemia >2 mmol/L. Furthermore, patients were reclassified 12 hours after admission to the ICU to verify the metabolic acidosis behavior and outcome differences among the groups.

RESULTS:

The study included 618 patients. The incidence of acidosis at ICU admission was 59.1%; 23.9% presented with hyperchloremia, 21.3% with hyperlactatemia, 13.9% with increased anion gap, and 40.9% of the patients presented without metabolic acidosis. Patients whose metabolic acidosis persisted for 12 hours had an incidence of ICU complications rates in hyperlactatemia group of 68.8%, increased anion gap of 68.6%, hyperchloremic of 65.8%, and those without acidosis over 12 hours of 59.3%. A Cox regression model for postoperative 30-day mortality showed: in hyperlactatemic acidosis, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–2.96; increased anion gap acidosis, HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 0.85–3.81; hyperchloremic acidosis, HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.75–2.89, and 10.3% of 30-day mortality rate in patients without acidosis. An adjusted survival curve by Cox regression found a worse 30-day survival in the hyperlactatemic group compared with the other groups (P = .03). Furthermore, in multiple comparisons among groups, patients with hyperlactatemic acidosis were more likely to develop renal dysfunction (P < .001) up to the seventh day postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found that among patients with different types of acidosis, patients who developed hyperlactatemic metabolic acidosis postoperatively showed greater rates of renal dysfunction within 7 days and hyperlactatemic acidosis represented an independent factor on 30-day mortality in high-risk surgical patients.
Pausing With the Gauze: Inhibition of Temporary Pacemakers by Radiofrequency Scan During Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Williams Matthew R. , Atkinson Douglas B. , Bezzerides Vassilios J. , Yuki Koichi , Franklin Kathryn , Casta Alfonso , Alexander Mark E.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:

Radiofrequency identification (RFID) detection systems are used to detect retained surgical sponges and may cause electromagnetic interference (EMI), altering intended function of cardiac pacing systems. Three pediatric patients requiring temporary pacing for postoperative atrioventricular block experienced transient inhibition of ventricular pacing during the use of RFID detection system. Bench testing was performed to evaluate the mechanism of pacemaker inhibition.

METHODS:

Impedance of temporary pacing wires was obtained using a pacing system analyzer. Temporary pacemakers (Medtronic 5388, Medtronic 5392, and Biotronik Reocor D) at nominal settings (VVI 120 bpm, output 10 mA) were attached at the ventricular terminal to temporary pacing wires and a resistor for sham impedance in physiologic range. An RFID detection system and wand (RF Assure, model 200) or mat was tested over wires. Induced current and voltages were recorded via an oscilloscope attached to lead terminals. Inhibition of pacing was determined for the following variables: distance from wires, sham impedance, and programmed sensitivity.

RESULTS:

In bench testing, the RFID system induced a stereotyped EMI signal in temporary pacing wires with peak root-mean-square voltage demonstrating an exponential decay relationship with increasing distance from pacing wires. Induced voltages overlapped with normal sensing range of temporary pacemakers, resulting in pacemaker inhibition at nominal settings (ventricular sensitivity 2.0 mV, distance from wand <23 cm). Increasing height, decreasing device sensitivity, or increasing sham impedance (at fixed sensitivity) attenuated EMI and inhibition for all 3 temporary pacemakers used and with the automated RFID detection mat in place of the wand. Programming pacemakers asynchronously prevented inhibition.

CONCLUSIONS:

Normal operation of RFID detection systems may cause inhibition of temporary pacing systems consistent with oversensing from EMI. Precaution should be taken, including considering pacing asynchronously to avoid effects of inhibition.
Lethal lung hypoplasia and vascular defects in mice with conditionalFoxf1overexpression
Authors: Dharmadhikari Avinash V. , Sun Jenny J. , Gogolewski Krzysztof , Carofino Brandi L. , Ustiyan Vladimir , Hill Misty , Majewski Tadeusz , Szafranski Przemyslaw , Justice Monica J. , Ray Russell S. , Dickinson Mary E. , Kalinichenko Vladimir V. , Gambin Anna , Stankiewicz Paweł
Published: September 2016

FOXF1 heterozygous point mutations and genomic deletions have been reported in newborns with the neonatally lethal lung developmental disorder, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). However, no gain-of-function mutations in FOXF1 have been identified yet in any human disease conditions. To study the effects of FOXF1 overexpression in lung development, we generated a Foxf1 overexpression mouse model by knocking-in a Cre-inducible Foxf1 allele into the ROSA26 (R26) locus. The mice were phenotyped using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), head-out plethysmography, ChIP-seq and transcriptome analyses, immunohistochemistry, and lung histopathology. Thirty-five percent of heterozygous R26-Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL)-Foxf1 embryonic day (E)15.5 embryos exhibit subcutaneous edema, hemorrhages and die perinatally when bred to Tie2-cre mice, which targets Foxf1 overexpression to endothelial and hematopoietic cells. Histopathological and micro-CT evaluations revealed that R26Foxf1; Tie2-cre embryos have immature lungs with a diminished vascular network. Neonates exhibited respiratory deficits verified by detailed plethysmography studies. ChIP-seq and transcriptome analyses in E18.5 lungs identified Sox11, Ghr, Ednrb, and Slit2 as potential downstream targets of FOXF1. Our study shows that overexpression of the highly dosage-sensitive Foxf1 impairs lung development and causes vascular abnormalities. This has important clinical implications when considering potential gene therapy approaches to treat disorders of FOXF1 abnormal dosage, such as ACDMPV.
Adamts18 deletion results in distinct developmental defects and provides a model for congenital disorders of lens, lung, and female reproductive tract development
Authors: Ataca Dalya , Caikovski Marian , Piersigilli Alessandra , Moulin Alexandre , Benarafa Charaf , Earp Sarah E. , Guri Yakir , Kostic Corinne , Arsenijevic Yvan , Soininen Raija , Apte Suneel S. , Brisken Cathrin
Published: September 2016

The ADAMTS family comprises 19 secreted metalloproteinases that cleave extracellular matrix components and have diverse functions in numerous disease and physiological contexts. A number of them remain ‘orphan’ proteases and among them is ADAMTS18, which has been implicated in developmental eye disorders, platelet function and various malignancies. To assess in vivo function of ADAMTS18, we generated a mouse strain with inactivated Adamts18 alleles. In the C57Bl6/Ola background, Adamts18-deficient mice are born in a normal Mendelian ratio, and are viable but show a transient growth delay. Histological examination revealed a 100% penetrant eye defect resulting from leakage of lens material through the lens capsule occurring at embryonic day (E)13.5, when the lens grows rapidly. Adamts18-deficient lungs showed altered bronchiolar branching. Fifty percent of mutant females are infertile because of vaginal obstruction due to either a dorsoventral vaginal septum or imperforate vagina. The incidence of ovarian rete is increased in the mutant mouse strain. Thus, Adamts18 is essential in the development of distinct tissues and the new mouse strain is likely to be useful for investigating ADAMTS18 function in human disease, particularly in the contexts of infertility and carcinogenesis.
Cartilage damage and bone erosion are more prominent determinants of functional impairment in longstanding experimental arthritis than synovial inflammation
Authors: Hayer Silvia , Bauer Gregor , Willburger Martin , Sinn Katharina , Alasti Farideh , Plasenzotti Roberto , Shvets Tetyana , Niederreiter Birgit , Aschauer Constantin , Steiner Guenter , Podesser Bruno K. , Smolen Josef S. , Redlich Kurt
Published: September 2016

Chronic inflammation of articular joints causing bone and cartilage destruction consequently leads to functional impairment or loss of mobility in affected joints from individuals affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Even successful treatment with complete resolution of synovial inflammatory processes does not lead to full reversal of joint functionality, pointing to the crucial contribution of irreversibly damaged structural components, such as bone and cartilage, to restricted joint mobility. In this context, we investigated the impact of the distinct components, including synovial inflammation, bone erosion or cartilage damage, as well as the effect of blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on functional impairment in human-TNF transgenic (hTNFtg) mice, a chronic inflammatory erosive animal model of RA. We determined CatWalk-assisted gait profiles as objective quantitative measurements of functional impairment. We first determined body-weight-independent gait parameters, including maximum intensity, print length, print width and print area in wild-type mice. We observed early changes in those gait parameters in hTNFtg mice at week 5 – the first clinical signs of arthritis. Moreover, we found further gait changes during chronic disease development, indicating progressive functional impairment in hTNFtg mice. By investigating the association of gait parameters with inflammation-mediated joint pathologies at different time points of the disease course, we found a relationship between gait parameters and the extent of cartilage damage and bone erosions, but not with the extent of synovitis in this chronic model. Next, we observed a significant improvement of functional impairment upon blocking TNF, even at progressed stages of disease. However, blocking TNF did not restore full functionality owing to remaining subclinical inflammation and structural microdamage. In conclusion, CatWalk gait analysis provides a useful tool for quantitative assessment of functional impairment in inflammatory destructive arthritis. Our findings indicate that cartilage damage and bone erosion, but not synovial inflammation, are the most important determinants for progressive functional impairment in this chronic erosive arthritis model.
High- and ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging of naïve, injured and scarred vocal fold mucosae in rats
Authors: Kishimoto Ayami Ohno , Kishimoto Yo , Young David L. , Zhang Jinjin , Rowland Ian J. , Welham Nathan V.
Published: September 2016

Subepithelial changes to the vocal fold mucosa, such as fibrosis, are difficult to identify using visual assessment of the tissue surface. Moreover, without suspicion of neoplasm, mucosal biopsy is not a viable clinical option, as it carries its own risk of iatrogenic injury and scar formation. Given these challenges, we assessed the ability of high- (4.7 T) and ultrahigh-field (9.4 T) magnetic resonance imaging to resolve key vocal fold subepithelial tissue structures in the rat, an important and widely used preclinical model in vocal fold biology. We conducted serial in vivo and ex vivo imaging, evaluated an array of acquisition sequences and contrast agents, and successfully resolved key anatomic features of naïve, acutely injured, and chronically scarred vocal fold mucosae on the ex vivo scans. Naïve lamina propria was hyperintense on T1-weighted imaging with gadobenate dimeglumine contrast enhancement, whereas chronic scar was characterized by reduced lamina propria T1 signal intensity and mucosal volume. Acutely injured mucosa was hypointense on T2-weighted imaging; lesion volume steadily increased, peaked at 5 days post-injury, and then decreased – consistent with the physiology of acute, followed by subacute, hemorrhage and associated changes in the magnetic state of hemoglobin and its degradation products. Intravenous administration of superparamagnetic iron oxide conferred no T2 contrast enhancement during the acute injury period. These findings confirm that magnetic resonance imaging can resolve anatomic substructures within naïve vocal fold mucosa, qualitative and quantitative features of acute injury, and the presence of chronic scar.
Wing flexibility improves bumblebee flight stability
Authors: Mistick Emily A. , Mountcastle Andrew M. , Combes Stacey A.
Published: September 2016

Insect wings do not contain intrinsic musculature to change shape, but rather bend and twist passively during flight. Some insect wings feature flexible joints along their veins that contain patches of resilin, a rubber-like protein. Bumblebee wings exhibit a central resilin joint (1m-cu) that has previously been shown to improve vertical force production during hovering flight. In this study, we artificially stiffened bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) wings in vivo by applying a micro-splint to the 1m-cu joint, and measured the consequences for body stability during forward flight in both laminar and turbulent airflow. In laminar flow, bees with stiffened wings exhibited significantly higher mean rotation rates and standard deviation of orientation about the roll axis. Decreasing the wing’s flexibility significantly increased its projected surface area relative to the oncoming airflow, likely increasing the drag force it experienced during particular phases of the wingstroke. We hypothesize that higher drag forces on stiffened wings decrease body stability when the left and right wings encounter different flow conditions. Wing splinting also led to a small increase in body rotation rates in turbulent airflow, but this change was not statistically significant, possibly because bees with stiffened wings changed their flight behavior in turbulent flow. Overall, we find that wing flexibility improves flight stability in bumblebees, adding to the growing appreciation that wing flexibility is not merely an inevitable liability in flapping flight, but can enhance flight performance.
Some attacks of an encryption system based on the word problem in a monoid
Authors: Ghadbane Nacer , Mihoubi Douadi
Published: September 2016

In this work, we are interested in ATS-monoid protocol proposed by P. J. Abisha, D. G. Thomas G. and K. Subramanian}, the idea of this protocol is to transform a system of Thue \(S_{1}=\left( \Sigma ,R\right) \) for which the word problem is undecidable a system of Thue  \(S_{2}=\left( \Delta ,R_{\theta }\right)\) or \(\theta \subseteq \Delta \times\Delta \) for which the word problem is decidable in linear time.Specifically, it gives attacks against ATS monoid in spesifiques case and thenme examples of these cases.
Different Mechanisms of Longevity in Long-Lived Mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants Revealed by Statistical Analysis of Mortality Rates
Authors: Hughes Bryan G , Hekimi Siegfried
Published: September 2016

Mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with altered life spans are being used to investigate the aging process and how genes determine life span. The survival of a population can be modeled by the Gompertz function, which comprises two parameters. One of these parameters (“G”) describes the rate at which mortality accelerates with age and is often described as the “rate of aging.” The other parameter (“A”) may correspond to the organism’s baseline vulnerability to deleterious effects of disease and the environment. We show that, in mice, life-span-extending mutations systematically fail to affect the age-dependent acceleration of mortality (G), but instead affect only baseline vulnerability (A). This remains true even when comparing strains maintained under identical environmental conditions. In contrast, life-span-extending mutations in C. elegans were associated with decreases in G. These observations on mortality rate kinetics suggest that the mechanisms of aging in mammals might fundamentally differ from those in nematodes.
A Variable Genetic Architecture of Melanic Evolution inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bastide Héloïse , Lange Jeremy D , Lack Justin B , Yassin Amir , Pool John E
Published: September 2016

Unraveling the genetic architecture of adaptive phenotypic divergence is a fundamental quest in evolutionary biology. In Drosophila melanogaster, high-altitude melanism has evolved in separate mountain ranges in sub-Saharan Africa, potentially as an adaptation to UV intensity. We investigated the genetic basis of this melanism in three populations using a new bulk segregant analysis mapping method. We identified 19 distinct QTL regions from nine mapping crosses, with several QTL peaks overlapping between two or all populations, and yet different crosses involving the same melanic population commonly yielded distinct QTL. The strongest QTL often overlapped well-known pigmentation genes, but we typically did not find wide signals of genetic differentiation (FST) between lightly and darkly pigmented populations at these genes. Instead, we found small numbers of highly differentiated SNPs at the probable causative genes. A simulation analysis showed that these patterns of polymorphism were consistent with selection on standing genetic variation. Overall, our results suggest that, even for potentially simpler traits like pigmentation, the complexity of adaptive trait evolution poses important challenges for QTL mapping and population genetic analysis.
Akut coronariaszindróma ellátása – 2016
Authors: Becker Dávid , Merkely Béla
Published: September 2016

Acute coronary syndrome is a life threatening disease with high mortality rate without optimal therapy. Due to the continuous development in the treatment of the disease, the prognosis has dramatically improved over the last 30 years. Apart from the improvement of the medication, the most important factor is the availability of an immediate coronary intervention for everyone, at any time. Currently, nineteen interventional centers provide this care in Hungary, 24 hours a day. Thanks to the European guidelines, the care system is now more efficient in determining who and when needs the treatment. This article summarises the principles of the treatment currently in use. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(38), 1500–1506.
Campaign Contributions and Judicial Behavior
Authors: Cann Damon M.
Published: September 2016

Many states select judges using competitive elections. Proponents of appointment plans contend that judicial candidates may be tempted to grant favors to lawyers who donate to their campaigns, thus compromising the independence of the judiciary. I contend that previous studies have failed to rigorously test the hypothesis that campaign contributions directly affect judicial decision-making. Using data from the 1998 term of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, I show that lawyers who make campaign contributions are no more likely to win cases than lawyers who do not. Furthermore, the data show that judges who are faced by lawyers who contributed large amounts to their campaigns are more likely to recuse themselves.
Timing an Election: The Impact on the Party in Government
Authors: Roper Steven D. , Andrews Christopher
Published: September 2016

A commonly found feature in many parliamentary democracies is the power of the government to call elections before the completion of a full term of office. Based on an examination of British and Canadian general elections during the 1940 to 2000 period, we find that it is not a good decision for the governing parties to wait the full term allowable between elections. The general pattern is that the longer the government waits to call an election, the worse its chances for gaining seats. This is a parliamentary effect similar to the honeymoon period commonly associated with presidential regimes.
Race, Redistricting, and Re-Election: The Fate of White Incumbent Democrats in the 1994 Congressional Elections
Authors: Overby L. Marvin , Brown Robert D.
Published: September 2016

Critics of racially-motivated congressional redistricting have argued that the practice has numerous negative consequences. Following the Republican victories in the 1994 midterm elections, many critics concluded that the creation of “majority-minority” districts helped the GOP win control of the House of Representatives. In this article we subject that claim to empirical scrutiny. Using a multivariate regression model we examine the electoral fates of white Democrats who had survived the 1992 election. After controlling for other political and personal factors, changes in the racial composition of their districts had little negative impact on these members’ 1994 electoral margins. Moreover, we find that in the South, white Democrats who lost African-American constituents actually fared better than those who had gained them. These results indicate that the impacts of racially-based redistricting are more complicated than many have supposed.
Party Change and Policy Reform: Welfare Programs in the American States
Authors: Clark Jill , Little Thomas H.
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the effects of party control (Republican or Democrat) on state welfare policies after congressional passage of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in 1996. Interviews and surveys of legislative actors suggest that the adoption process in many states was highly partisan, but there was no relationship between party measures and welfare policy content for all states. Policy makers reported that welfare policy choices were influenced by the re-election context in a state. States that adopted more generous TANF policies had: competitive party systems, liberal ideologies, or previously high rankings on AFDC expenditures. Party positions redefined the welfare policy problem and set the parameters for welfare reform choices, but those choices were modified by contextual variables in some states. A few Republican governors accomplished comprehensive welfare policy reform.
Party Activists in Virginia, 1991-2001: Finishing the Realignment Cycle
Authors: McGlennon John J.
Published: September 2016

Virginia has become a mature two-party system in recent decades, with Democrats and Republicans actively competing for statewide offices and control of the state legislature. This com-petition has been accompanied by an acceleration of the partisan divide among party activists over issues and ideology, giving voters a clear choice between parties which are much more representative of their national counterparts. The erosion of Democratic dominance has been long accepted, and both GOP and Democratic activists see their party structures strengthening as they prepare for continued electoral competition.
Conclusion: Changes in Southern Political Party Organizations and Activists
Authors: Prysby Charles , Clark John A.
Published: September 2016

In this concluding article, we recap the findings reported in the preceding articles and place them in a broader regional context. We focus on two broad themes: conflict and consensus between and within the parties and changes in the party organizations themselves. We close by identifying possible trends that will influence grassroots parties in the South over the coming decade and beyond.
Reconsidering the Trend in Incumbent Vote Percentages in House Elections
Authors: Stonecash Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2016

The rise in the vote percentage for House incumbents since 1946 has been a central concern in election studies. The presumed increase has prompted numerous attempts to explain it. The increase has also served as a basis for considerable commentary about change in the nature of contemporary politics and elections. This analysis argues that the presumed increase is largely an artifact of the questionable decision to exclude uncontested elections. As the number of uncontested races declined from the 1950s through the 1960s, adding in these districts created an apparent increase that arguably did not really occur. When all incumbent races are considered, the pattern over the last 50 years is one of no increase in the percentage of the vote received by incumbents.
Reconsidering "Reconsidering the Trend in Incumbent Vote Percentages in House Elections": A Comment
Authors: Jacobson Gary C.
Published: September 2016

Jeffrey M. Stonecash’s Reconsidering the Trend in Incumbent Vote Percentages in House Elections” (2003) is a misguided attempt to offer a revisionist view of the increase in the electoral advantage enjoyed by House incumbents that occurred during the 1960s. His central argument is that one indicator of this trend, the mean vote percentage won by incumbent candidates in contested elections, distorts incumbent support because it leaves out uncontested races. Because the number of uncontested races varies over time, the tally for a fluctuating number of strong incumbents-so well en-trenched no one even takes them on-is left out of the average vote, rendering the measure inaccurate. When this oversight is corrected, there is no trend.
Competing Interests in State Supreme Courts: Justices' Votes and Voting Rights
Authors: Graves Scott
Published: September 2016

The presidential election of 2000 put a spotlight on the substantial opportunities for judicial involvement in the electoral process and the potential for partisan and ideological preferences to conflict in judicial choices. Building on recent scholarship analyzing the influence of institutions and preferences on state supreme court decision-making, I hypothesize that in cases involving voting rights decisions the partisan affiliation of justices rather than ideology contributes to justices’ voting behavior. Using data from the State Supreme Court Data Project and other data, I test the comparative influence of traditional left-right ideology and alignment with the dominant party of the state on ballot access cases. I find evidence that partisanship does matter to justices in ballot access cases, conditional on the method of judicial selection.
Louisiana: Two-Party Growth and Increasing Party Polarization
Authors: Hogan Robert E.
Published: September 2016

This paper examines party organizations in Louisiana from the perspective of those at the grassroots. An assessment of local organizations as well as the attitudes of the party activists them-selves shows that politics in this state are in a period of transition. Over the past decade, Republicans have continued to make significant electoral gains; however, the major changes have occurred within the Democratic Party. The demographic transformation of Democratic activists and their correspond-ing support for more liberal policy positions contributes to an increasingly polarized party system in the state.
South Carolina: Party Development in the Palmetto State
Authors: Steed Robert P. , Moreland Laurence W.
Published: September 2016

Paralleling developments in other southern states over the past three to four decades, South Carolina’s political system has undergone dramatic change. One of the more significant components of this change has been the partisan realignment from a one-party system dominated by the Democrats to a competitive two-party system in which Republicans have come to hold the upper hand. This increased electoral competitiveness has been accompanied by an increased organizational effort by both parties in the state. An examination of local party activists in 2001 points to a continuation of this pattern over the past ten years. In comparison with data from the 1991 Southern Grassroots Party Activists Survey, the 2001 data show the following: (1) the Republican Party has sustained its electoral and organizational gains of recent years; (2) the parties continue to attract activists who differ across party lines on a number of important demographic and socioeconomic variables; (3) there has been a continued sorting of political orientations and cues marked by sharply different inter-party ideological and issue positions; (4) the Democratic Party has become more ideologically homogeneous and more in line with the national party than previously; and (5) since 1991 perceptions of factionalism have declined in both parties, but still remain higher among Democrats than among Republicans.
Mercado Futuro: A Economia Política da (Re)Partidarização da Imprensa no Brasil
Authors: Lattman-Weltman Fernando , Chagas Viktor
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Este artigo propõe um exercício teórico e metodológico sobre o panorama político dos jornais no Brasil e sua inserção em diferentes sistemas de mercados, a saber, o mercado de informações, o mercado publicitário e o mercado discursivo público. Levando em consideração estes sistemas, e com dados obtidos de diversas bases, procura interpretar as atuais tendências editoriais e político-partidárias do setor, frente aos constrangimentos econômicos, tecnológicos e institucionais que a ele se impõem na conjuntura política atual. Nesse sentido, enfatiza o modo com que, no bojo desse processo, a recente partidarização dos principais veículos formadores de opinião no país pode ser compreendida como um esforço de fidelização de seu público consumidor, com evidentes impactos partidários imediatos, mas ainda nebulosas implicações mercadológicas num futuro próximo.
Educação e Rendimentos dos Ricos no Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Marcelo , Galvão Juliana de Castro
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O artigo examina em que medida a educação pode ser considerada um dos principais determinantes da riqueza no Brasil. Utilizando os dados de formação universitária específica da Amostra do Censo 2010, o foco restringe-se ao 1% mais rico da distribuição de rendimentos do trabalho. A principal conclusão é que a educação pode ser importante para explicar a desigualdade total, mas não há evidências de que a educação de massa seja um dos fatores mais relevantes para explicar as diferenças entre os ricos e o resto da população brasileira. Nem mesmo a educação de elite pode ser tomada como um dos principais determinantes dos níveis atuais de riqueza. Há, portanto, uma parte importante da desigualdade total que não será reduzida por políticas educacionais.
Desigualdade de Rendimentos do Trabalho no Curto e no Longo Prazo: Tendências de Idade, Período e Coorte
Authors: Barbosa Rogério Jerônimo
Published: September 2016

Este artigo visa compreender se omovimento da desigualdade de renda do trabalho nas últimas décadas no Brasil responde mais a flutuações conjunturais ou a fatores de longo prazo. Analisa a distribuição dos rendimentos para pessoas do sexomasculino e feminino separadamente. São apresentadas as principais abordagens sobre idade, período e coorte – e delas derivam-se seis diferentes modelos para teste. Os principais achados são: 1) entre os homens, a queda das desigualdades é principalmente fruto de umprocesso de longo prazo, que coincide com a homogeneização educacional das coortes – os efeitos de conjunturas econômicas e medidas políticas apenas conseguiram mitigar as consequências trazidas pelas crises e instabilidades dos anos 1980; 2) entre as mulheres, a queda dos indicadores se deve sobretudo a efeitos de período. Percebeu-se também que aspectos conjunturais afetam a distribuição de rendimentos de homens e mulheres de modo diferente.
'Sensory analysis of specialty coffee from different environmental conditions in the region of Matas de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Silveira Alice de Souza , Pinheiro Aracy Camilla Tardin , Ferreira Williams Pinto Marques , Silva Laércio Junio da , Rufino José Luis dos Santos , Sakiyama Ney Sussumu
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Specialty coffees can be differentiated in various ways, including the environmental conditions in which they are produced and the sensory composition of the drink. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of altitude, slope exposure and fruit color on the sensory attributes of cafes of the region of Matas de Minas. Sampling points were georeferenced in four altitude ranges (< 700 m; 700 ≤ x ≤ 825 m, 825 < x < 950 m and ≥ 950 m) of the coffee crop; two fruit colors of var. Catuaí (yellow and red); and two slope exposures (North-facing and South-facing). Coffee fruit at the cherry stage were processed and submitted to sensory analysis. The sensory attributes evaluated were overall perception, clean cup, balance, aftertaste, sweetness, acidity, body and flavor, which made up the final score. The scores were examined by ANOVA and means were compared by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). From the sensory standpoint, coffee fruits of both colors are similar, as well as the coffees from both slope exposures when these factors were analyzed separately. However, at higher altitudes, Yellow Catuaí produces coffees with better sensory quality. Similarly, coffees from North-facing slopes, at higher altitudes produce better quality cup. The altitude is the main factor that interferes with coffee quality in the area. All factors together contribute to the final quality of the beverage produced in the region of Matas de Minas.
Certification, agricultural waste, organic production, herbal medicine and biotechnology in the conception of farmers of the State of Goiás
Authors: Freitas Sabrina Lucas Ribeiro , Mendes Lucas Andrade , Gomes Daniella Ferreira Cordeiro , Queiroz Paulo José Bastos , Rabelo Rogério Elias , Silva Luiz Antônio Franco da
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT The organic production system aims not at the intensive exploitation of resources, but the correct management of waste, the use of alternative treatments of animal diseases, and the utilization of some biotechnologies to assist in production. This is an exploratory study to evaluate the way farmers perceive the certification of their farms, the organic agricultural production, waste control, and the use of herbal medicine and biotechnologies in their properties. Fifteen farmers from the Dom Fernando Gomes dos Santos (GI) settlement, in Itaberaí, participated in the study, besides 15 farmers (GII) who are not participants in agrarian reform programs from different municipalities in the state of Goiás. Information was collected using questionnaires that addressed issues related to certification of farms, production of waste, organic agricultural production, herbal medicine, and biotechnology. Most farmers of GI and GII were unfamiliar with farm certification. Most GII farmers knew about agricultural waste, but few GI farmers knew its meaning. Most farmers of the two groups were familiar with the term organic agricultural production. More GII farmers were familiar with herbal medicines than GI. In both groups the term biotechnology was unknown to most people. It was concluded that this lack of knowledge by the majority of farmers about most topics presented shows the need to plan and execute actions to assist in the dissemination of information among farmers, settlers or not, using practical and functional strategies.
Pecuária leiteira em uma colônia de agricultores familiares no município de Palmeira, Paraná
Authors: Eurich Joelcio , Weirich Neto Pedro Henrique , Rocha Carlos Hugo
Published: September 2016

RESUMO A pecuária leiteira é segmento fundamental para o desenvolvimento econômico da agricultura de base familiar de várias regiões brasileiras. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a tipologia dos produtores e quantificar economicamente a produção leiteira da colônia de agricultores familiares "Quero-Quero", em Palmeira, PR. Do total, 90% dos produtores são caracterizados como agricultores familiares e sua relação social-fundiária é de 6,33 ha por pessoa ocupada. O Valor Bruto da Produção leiteira - VBPl encontrado representa cerca de 15% de todo o VBPl do município, ressaltando a importância fundamental da produção dessa comunidade para a economia local e para o município.
Optimal plot size in the evaluation of papaya scions: proposal and comparison of methods
Authors: Celanti Humberto Felipe , Schmildt Edilson Romais , Schmildt Omar , Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Cattaneo Laercio Francisco
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Evaluating the quality of scions is extremely important and it can be done by characteristics of shoots and roots. This experiment evaluated height of the aerial part, stem diameter, number of leaves, petiole length and length of roots of papaya seedlings. Analyses were performed from a blank trial with 240 seedlings of "Golden Pecíolo Curto". The determination of the optimum plot size was done by applying the methods of maximum curvature, maximum curvature of coefficient of variation and a new proposed method, which incorporates the bootstrap resampling simulation to the maximum curvature method. According to the results obtained, five is the optimal number of seedlings of papaya "Golden Pecíolo Curto" per plot. The proposed method of bootstrap simulation with replacement provides optimal plot sizes equal or higher than the maximum curvature method and provides same plot size than maximum curvature method of the coefficient of variation.
Spatial dependence in experiments of progeny selection for bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield
Authors: Silva Michele Jorge da , Carneiro Antonio Policarpo Souza , Feres Andréia Luiza Gonzaga , Carneiro José Eustáquio Souza , Santos Nerilson Terra , Cecon Paulo Roberto
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT In field experiments, it is often assumed that errors are statistically independent, but not always this condition is met, compromising the results. An inappropriate choice of the analytical model can compromise the efficiency of breeding programs in preventing unpromising genotypes from being selected and maintained in the next selection cycles resulting in waste of time and resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial dependence of errors in experiments evaluating grain yield of bean progenies using analyses in lattice and randomized blocks. And also evaluate the efficiency of geostatistical models to describe the structure of spatial variability of errors. The data used in this study derived from experiments arranged in the lattice design and analyzed as lattice or as randomized blocks. The Durbin-Watson test was used to verify the existence of spatial autocorrelation. The theoretical semivariogram was fitted using geostatistical models (exponential, spherical and Gaussian) to describe the spatial variability of errors. The likelihood ratio test was applied to assess the significance of the geostatistical model parameters. Of the eight experiments evaluated, five had moderate spatial dependence for the randomized blocks analysis and one for both analyses, in lattice and randomized blocks. The area of the experiments was not a determinant factor of the spatial dependence. The spherical, exponential and Gaussian geostatistical models with nugget effect were suitable to represent the spatial structure in the randomized block analysis. The analysis in lattice was efficient to ensure the independence of errors.
Capacidade combinatória de linhagens de milho avaliada por meio de testadores adaptados à safrinha
Authors: Bolson Edson , Scapim Carlos Alberto , Clovis Luiz Rafael , Amaral Junior Antonio Teixeira do , Freitas Ismael Lourenço de Jesus
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a capacidade de combinação de 47 linhagens de milho desenvolvidas pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá, no sentido de identificar as linhagens mais promissoras para utilização em programas de melhoramento voltados para safrinha. Para isso, as linhagens foram cruzadas em topcrosses com dois híbridos comerciais adaptados à safrinha (P30K75 e AG9010), utilizados como testadores de base genética estreita. Os topcrosses foram avaliados em experimentos delineados em blocos completos ao acaso, com duas repetições, e alocados em quatro locais representativos para a safrinha, nos estados do Paraná, São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul. Adicionalmente, as linhagens per se foram avaliadas em um experimento em Floresta, PR. Foram avaliados os caracteres: (i) rendimento de grãos, em kg ha-1; (ii) florescimento feminino e masculino; (iii) tolerância ao estresse hídrico. Para as linhagens per se, os quadrados médios foram significativos (p < 0,05) para rendimento de grãos e florescimento. As capacidades gerais para testadores e linhagens e, específica de combinação entre linhagens e testadores, foram significativas (p < 0,05) para todas as características avaliadas. A linhagem 21 destacou-se pela alta capacidade geral de combinação () para rendimento de grãos, nos quatro ambientes. Nas linhagens 4, 37, 38, 39 e 47 constataram-serelevantes para rendimento de grãos, em dois ambientes, inclusive sob condições de estresse hídrico, e para florescimento. As combinações AG9010 x linhagem 37 e P30K75 x linhagem 18 tiveram destaque e as linhagens 18 e 37 foram indicadas como testadoras de novas linhagens oriundas dos testadores.
Crescimento e fitomassa da beterraba sob irrigação suplementar com água de diferentes concentrações salinas
Authors: Santos Daniella Pereira dos , Santos Célia Silva dos , Silva Patrícia Ferreira da , Pinheiro Mírian Paula Medeiros André , Santos Jandir Cruz
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O uso da água salina na agricultura é uma alternativa viável, tendo-se em vista o aumento da demanda de água doce. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o crescimento e a produção de fitomassa da beterraba, sob irrigação com água de diferentes concentrações salinas, em experimento em condição de campo, no Campus da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, em Arapiraca. Os tratamentos foram cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 dS m-1). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O máximo rendimento da beterraba aos 27 dias após aplicação dos tratamentos salinos foi obtido com uma salinidade de 3,0 dS m-1, para as variáveis altura de planta (AP), diâmetro do caule (DC), comprimento da raiz (CR), fitomassa seca da parte aérea (FSPA) e fitomassa seca total (FST). Aos 42 dias após aplicação dos tratamentos salinos, as variáveis fitomassa fresca da parte aérea (FFPA), fitomassa fresca da raiz (FFR), fitomassa fresca total (FFT), fitomassa seca da parte aérea (FSPA) e fitomassa seca total (FST) aumentaram com o aumento da salinidade da água. A chuva pode ter influenciado os resultados obtidos para as avaliações, realizadas aos 42 dias após aplicação dos tratamentos salinos.
Desempenho agronômico e uso eficiente da terra em arranjos de plantas de mandioca e batata-doce
Authors: Rós Amarílis Beraldo , João Renata Espolador São
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O consórcio de duas ou mais culturas pode representar melhor uso do solo, alternativa para redução de perdas e incremento de renda. Assim, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho agronômico de mandioca e batata-doce, consorciadas em diferentes arranjos, e determinar o índice de uso eficiente da terra (UET). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: M (monocultivo de mandioca); 2M:1B (consórcio composto por duas leiras de mandioca alternadas com uma leira de batata-doce); 1M:1B (consórcio composto por leiras alternadas de mandioca e batata-doce); 1M:2B (consórcio composto por uma leira de mandioca alternada com duas leiras de batata-doce) e B (monocultivo de batata-doce). Cada parcela experimental foi constituída por seis ou oito fileiras de 7 m de comprimento, espaçadas de 0,9 m entre si, separadas por uma faixa de circulação de 2,0 m. Foram avaliados a produtividade comercial, a massa da matéria fresca individual, o comprimento, o diâmetro e a massa seca de raízes, sendo esses valores comparados pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). As maiores produtividades da mandioca ocorreram quando cultivada em M e 2M:1B, enquanto a maior produtividade de batata-doce foi em B. Os tratamentos estudados não apresentaram diferença significativa para massa da matéria fresca individual, comprimento, diâmetro e matéria seca de raiz de mandioca. Na batata-doce, o tratamento 1M:2B resultou em menor valor de massa da matéria fresca individual e de diâmetro de raiz. Constatou-se também vantagem do consórcio sobre o monocultivo, visto que todos os arranjos de consórcio promoveram valor de UET superior a 1. Logo, o consórcio entre mandioca e batata-doce resulta em melhor aproveitamento dos recursos ambientais, comparado com o monocultivo.