bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying the heat transfer process in a porous medium with a Fischer–Koch S TPMS structure
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Gubareva K. V. , Eremin A. V. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: November 2024

The paper reports a study of the process of heat transfer in a porous medium with internal heat sources. A model material is considered, which is a porous plate formed by Fischer–Koch S elementary cells, with a topology of triply periodic minimal surfaces. The results of solving the boundary value problem of thermal conductivity in a thin plate under symmetric boundary conditions of the first kind are presented. The developed numerical-analytical method is used to obtain a simple solution to the problem, taking into account the topological features of the material. Computational homogenization methods based on computer-aided engineering simulation in the Ansys software are used to determine the transfer coefficients and thermophysical properties of the area under study. The paper presents graphs of temperature distribution in a porous plate at different times and compares the obtained analytical solutions with numerical ones. The results of the study can be used in designing thermal protection of heat-generating equipment, heat and mass transfer paths in thermal and mechanical equipment, etc. The solutions are presented in a simple analytical form; this enables them to be used by a wide range of researchers and engineers and does not require using expensive software and hardware.
The role of vitamins and micronutrients in the pathogenesis and treatment of vitiligo
Authors: Alekseeva Marina V. , Ryzhkova Alina E. , Tsyganova Adelina A. , Myzina Kristina A. , Lomonosov Konstantin M.
Published: November 2024

The active interest of research in the topic of vitiligo is due to the increased possibility of treating this dermatosis of unknown etiology and its high psycho-emotional significance, concerning not only a certain individual, but also affecting society as a whole. The review examines the role of vitamins and micronutrients in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and possible comprehensive approaches to treatment taking into account these elements.
Aim: to evaluate the effect of vitamins and micronutrients on the course and development of vitiligo, and also to consider the advisability of their use in the treatment of patients with vitiligo.
A literary review of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka, Clinicaltrial.gov and the Internet databases was conducted to study the role of specific microelements and vitamins involved in metabolic processes in the development of vitiligo disease.
Based on literature data, we can conclude that vitiligo by etiopathogenesis refers to multifactorial skin diseases, the final consequences of which is the cessation melanogenesis in certain areas of the skin. In all situations, one of the main factors is a metabolic disorder associated with the endoecology of the body. Vitamins and micronutrients play an important role in the pathogenetic chain of vitiligo. Thus, the introduction of individual micronutrients and vitamins into complex therapy of vitiligo seems extremely relevant and promising.
Dual-wavelength copper vapor laser treatment of congenital melanocytic nevi with complex anatomical localization
Authors: Ponomarev Igor V. , Topchiy Sergey B. , Klyuchareva Svetlana V. , Sakharova Mariia V. , Pushkareva Alexandra E.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Melanocytic nevi can affect the complex anatomical localization of the face and the ear area, a very important part of the face from an aesthetic point of view. Treatment methods should provide not only a good cosmetic result but also not disrupt the function of the eye and vision. Surgical excision and non-selective technologies, including radiofrequency exposure, peels, and ablative lasers, can lead to scarring, eyelash loss, and severe functional complications of the organ of vision due to insufficient skin thickness.
AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of melanocytic nevi of complex anatomical localization with copper vapor laser radiation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Treatment of melanocytic nevi in the periorbital region was carried out in 35 patients (28 women and 7 men), aged 14–65 years. The procedures were performed at an average output power of a copper vapor laser of 0.6–0.8 W, at 511 nm and 578 nm wavelengths, an exposure time of 0.2 s, and a light spot diameter on the skin of 1 mm. The laser treatment was performed without anesthesia. A total of up to four treatments were administered at monthly intervals. The criterion for choosing the energy of laser pulses (selective photohermal laser destruction) was chosen to change the color of the entire surface of the neoplasm to a dark gray color. The duration of skin healing after the procedure was two weeks.
RESULTS: The dual-wavelength copper vapor laser treatment of melanocytic nevi with complex anatomical localization completely removes skin neoplasms in all patients without scarring or recurrences within two years after treatment. According to the results of a computer simulation of selective heating of the pigmented layer, the copper vapor laser is an optimal treatment choice for melanocytic nevi.
CONCLUSION: Clinical data and computer simulation results demonstrate that the treatment of melanocytic nevi of complex anatomical localization using copper vapor laser radiation provides good results and is safer than near-infrared lasers. It makes it possible to use this method in the clinical practice of dermatologists and cosmetologists.
Efficiency of chewing load deficiency correction in clinical dental practice
Authors: Ksembaev Said S. , Ksembaev Said S. , Saleeva Gulshat T. , Musin Ildar N. , Saleev Rinat A.
Published: November 2024

Weakening of the chewing act, typical for modern humans due to consumption of soft food, causes a deficit of chewing load and has a negative effect on the dental system. To combat hypodynamia of the masticatory apparatus with the aim of preventing destructive processes in its structures, a gnathotraining system was developed, including electrical stimulation of the masticatory muscles themselves in physiological parameters, which develops the effect of “imaginary chewing”, and gnathotraining using chewing gum. In addition, functional training of the masticatory apparatus using chewing exercises was proposed. Considering that chewing gum practically does not compensate for the deficit of chewing load observed in modern society, the staff of the Kazan State Medical University and the Kazan National Research Technological University developed the “Denta Fit” dental trainer and a dental training system. It has been established that dental and jaw training stimulates secretion of saliva, its mineralizing potential, functional resistance of tooth enamel, allows achieving a good level of oral hygiene, reduces the rate of increase in the intensity of dental caries, as well as the severity of muscular-articular disorders of the temporomandibular joints, enhances neuromuscular activity of the masticatory muscles and regional blood flow. In children with permanent bite, dental and jaw training maintains the hydrogen index (pH) of oral fluid at a neutral level and provides, in combination with a toothbrush, optimal hygienic dental care, contributes to the formation of a correct dental occlusion. Thus, the effects of increased neuromuscular activity of the masticatory muscles, as well as regional vascular tone, arising during dental and jaw training, indirectly indicate that the dental and jaw system receives adequate mechanical loads necessary for the normal functioning of all its links. The results of the conducted studies indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of using dental training to improve dental status, which serves as a new approach to the prevention and treatment of dental diseases.
“Validation and reliability of the self-efficacy scale to assess the competence of pediatricians in ECHO-Pediatrics course”
Authors: Nhung Le Hong , Lan Nguyen , Benitez Piter , Hoc Pham , Han Pham , Bouchonville Matthew
Published: November 2024

Background: Self-assessment of competency in CME/CPD has been fully approved by the American Medical Association (AMA) in its program of retention of practice certificates. To be accepted and applicable in the CME/CPD course in Vietnam, the scale of self-efficacy or self-assessment of competency requires modification. It is helpful for the future studies related to the ECHO courses that the scale of self-efficacy or self-assessment of competency are applied with its respect to validity and reliability. Aims: In the current study, we aimed to introduce the theoretical framework for developing a set of scales to facilitate self-assessment of professional capacity among PHWs participating in project ECHO. Additionally, we proposed a viable method for creating a self-efficacy scale applicable to the continuing medical training programs. We hypothesized that the scale of efficacy would integrate into the research and evaluation procedure at VNCH. Methods: We applied a cross-sectional study design, implementing mixed methods including quantitative and qualitative in order to adjust the scale of self-efficacy to assess the professional capacity improvement of the healthcare workers to ensure the validity and reliability of the scale. The study proceeds in the following steps: 1) Reviewing the sets of scales for self-assessment of competency (self-efficacy) according to the ECHO model in the world; 2) Collecting the decisions from the panel of experts to determine the content of primary scale to improve professional capacity through continuous medical training; 3) Test the scale on a sample of learners participating in a continuing medical training program using the ECHO model; 4) Evaluate the surface validity, the content of validity including the convergent value and discriminant value and the structural reliability with Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency index. Conclusion: The 22-item self-assessment of competency scale was developed based on the results of qualitative and quantitative research, and is considered to be a reliable scale applicable to further studies on the ECHO model in Vietnam.
The Pandemic (Covid-19) and Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis: The Lessons We Have Learned
Authors: Littlejohn Elizabeth , Hageman Joseph
Published: November 2024

In this review, we aim to outline the world’s experience with pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during and after the recent pandemic due to Covid-19. Although most of the literature during the pandemic illustrated the devastation wreaked on adults with diabetes, it took its toll on the pediatric population as well. Here we describe the incidence, prevalence, global impact, and varied presentations of Covid-19 related DKA. We opine on the mechanism of action or pathophysiology of pandemic related DKA, from direct viral effects to indirect mechanisms, such as inability to seek medical help and/or fear of seeking help at medical establishments that crucially kept children away from care only to present in worse states of chronic disease. The silver lining was the advent of telehealth and treatment of DKA in non-traditional settings that ironically broadened the scope of care. Lastly, we review areas in need of future study so that we are better prepared as pediatric clinicians for the next pandemic to protect the children in a more thorough and durable fashion. There are numerous lessons we have learned from this that we can apply now in our daily practice to improve the care we give to our patients.
The Sustainable Development Goals are Unattainable without a Change of Nutritional Strategy
Authors: Dubock Adrian
Published: November 2024

For decades, vitamin A supplementation and chemical fortification have been used to reduce micronutrient malnutrition, a key part of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 2: "Zero Hunger" by 2030. Despite these efforts, 50% of pre-school children and 66% of women of reproductive age globally remain malnourished, with nearly 900 million children vitamin A deficient. Micronutrient deficiency, especially in Low -and-Middle-Income-countries, impedes individual and population productivity. However, neither supplementation nor chemical fortification is sustainable or addresses the root causes of micronutrient deficiencies, as both require continuous external funding. The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition’s (GAIN’s) focus on Large-Scale- Food-Fortification with chemicals, while helpful, remains insufficient and unsustainable. In 2009, Prof. Al Sommer emphasized the need for sustainable solutions, with biofortification, including Golden Rice, offering promising alternatives. The World Bank recommended biofortified crops, including specifically GMO-crops like Golden Rice, in 2017 as a sustainable option. Recurrent costs are minimal once seeds are available. Golden Rice, now available in Bangladesh, requires only one local policy decision for implementation, setting a precedent for other crops. The Philippine Government has adopted Golden Rice since 2021 to improve public health. However, Greenpeace has opposed it globally for decades, and in 2022, they challenged the Government’s efforts. On August 15, 2024, the Philippines Appeal Court upheld Greenpeace’s complaint, halting Golden Rice adoption. Golden Rice has only been developed in Bangladesh and the Philippines. There is an urgent need to counteract Greenpeace’s malign influence and expand the countries where Golden Rice and eventually all biofortified crops can be deployed as a sustainable public health intervention
Cutaneous Manifestations Associated with Non-Neoplastic Bowel Diseases
Authors: Vignau Alexia , Milikowski Clara
Published: November 2024

There are several non-neoplastic bowel diseases, which include inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease, both of which have been shown to have associated extraintestinal manifestations many of which are cutaneous. The implications of dermatologic manifestations are vast, as earlier identification can spur expedited testing and diagnosis of associated gastrointestinal disease as well as being a marker for gastrointestinal flare ups. It has been estimated that approximately 25.8% of cases of extra-intestinal manifestations precede the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. This is especially useful as skin diseases may be the first easily recognizable feature of an underlying gastrointestinal condition. In the case of inflammatory bowel disease, lack of timely intervention either medically or surgically can lead to progression and worsening of symptoms, which if left untreated could lead to chronic and severe disease as well as malignancy. Similarly, in celiac disease, earlier diagnosis and treatment/ lifestyle modifications can not only improve the quality of life, but also decrease risks of long-term complications of other systemic extra-intestinal manifestations including neuropathies, infertility, osteoporosis, and malignancy. In this report, inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease will be investigated through the review of literature, and identification of illustrative cases from pathology files, to elucidate the extraintestinal manifestations focusing on cutaneous manifestations.
Mothers in the Military: Violence and Negative Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Tackett Kathleen
Published: November 2024

The number of women serving in the US armed forces has more than tripled since 2000. The increased number of women highlights some areas of vulnerability, especially during the perinatal period, that are not being addressed. Compared to civilians, women in the military are more likely to have experienced adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence. They are also more at risk for military sexual trauma than their male counterparts. For pregnant and postpartum women, violence increases the odds of adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Military mothers also have higher rates of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation than civilian mothers. These findings paint a bleak picture that, hopefully, will become a call to action.
Who’s on First? Case Report on Prioritizing Treatment for Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Lee Kelly , Bilinsky Natasha , Kneebusch Jamie
Published: November 2024

Early and optimal treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to prevent comorbid conditions. Unfortunately, due to delayed diagnosis or treatment of ADHD, psychiatric comorbidities often emerge that can also result in more disabling symptoms. Stimulants remain the gold standard for treatment of ADHD whereas serotonergic antidepressants are first line for anxiety disorders. Treatment of patients with ADHD and anxiety disorders presents a clinical conundrum due to the potential for stimulants to worsen anxiety symptoms. Many clinicians may defer treating ADHD initially and treating the anxiety disorder first. Unfortunately, untreated ADHD may worsen anxiety symptoms and expose patients to long-term treatment with anxiolytics that may be unnecessary. In this Clinical Case Discussion, we present the clinical and pathophysiological overlap between ADHD and anxiety disorders along with a clinical case. We present how a complete evaluation of the patient, including disturbance of symptoms on functioning and symptom onset, may help prioritize treatment strategies. Despite the reluctance to prescribe stimulants especially to adults due to stimulant misuse and exacerbation of other disorders, it may be optimal to treat ADHD first in order to reduce other manifestations.
Integrating Tae-Bo as a Mind-Body Intervention for Enhancing Health Among Rural Black Women: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mathunjwa Musa
Published: November 2024

This narrative review explores the integration of Tae-Bo, a hybrid martial arts exercise, as a mind-body intervention aimed at improving health outcomes among rural Black women. Rural communities often face unique healthcare challenges, including limited access to fitness programs and health disparities. Black women in these areas are particularly vulnerable to chronic illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Tae-Bo, which combines aerobic and anaerobic elements with self-defense techniques, offers a culturally relevant and accessible exercise option that can be adapted to various fitness levels. The review synthesizes findings from existing literature on the physical and mental health benefits of Tae-Bo, highlighting its potential to enhance cardiovascular health, strength, and psychological well-being. By examining case studies and empirical research, the article underscores the importance of culturally tailored fitness programs in promoting holistic health. Furthermore, the review addresses barriers to implementation and suggests strategies for community engagement and sustainable program development. The narrative concludes with recommendations for future research to further validate the efficacy of Tae-Bo in diverse rural settings and to explore its long-term health impacts.
Global Engagement of Health Professions Education Programs in China: Trends over a Five Year Period
Authors: Hou Jianlin , Rohrbaugh Robert , Peluso Michael , Luo Youhui , Ke Yang
Published: November 2024

Background: An important component of global engagement in health professions education is facilitating students having international experiences. Although cross-border visits have existed at some of China’s academic medical centers (AMCs) for more than 30 years, there are few quantitative studies on its overall development and variations between different types of AMCs. Aims: We aim to provide an overall description and measure trends of global engagement of Chinese health professions education programs by comparing inbound and outbound visits of health professions students over a five year interval. Methods: In 2019, Chinese AMCs whose undergraduate medical education programs were eligible for accreditation by the Ministry of Education were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses, t tests, and Fisher exact tests. Results: A total of 93 AMCs (57.8%) responded to the survey. The number of outbound visits increased by more than three times and the number of inbound visits increased by almost two times between the 2013-14 and 2018-19 academic years. Both the mean and median of outbound visits in 2018-19 academic year were higher than those in 2013-14 academic year (mean 23 vs. 72, p=0.0016; median 4 vs. 22, p=0.000). The mean of inbound visits in 2018-19 academic year was also higher than that in 2013-14 academic year (37 vs. 20, p=0.032). The mean and median of outbound and inbound visits for central government affiliated AMCs were significantly higher than those for other AMCs in these two academic years. Conclusion: Comparison between 2013 and 2018 demonstrated an increased frequency of inbound and outbound visits, indicating a significant expansion of global engagement at China’s AMCs. Measures may be needed to incentivize global engagement at AMCs that are not affiliated with the central government. Trends in the exchanges of students may be related to historical, geographical, and political issues. The findings related to China may be useful to other low- and middle-income countries as they manage global health student exchanges.
Epilepsy Care in Kenya: Gaps and Opportunities from Targeted Survey of Health Workers
Authors: Wabulya Angela , Odero Norbert , Kimathi Antony , Kwobah Edith , Malawsky Daniel , Agans Robert , Kim Erin , Bonnet Jeremiah , Bolton Pamela , Moretti Meghan , Muday Muna , Malawsky Yael Shiloh
Published: November 2024

Background: The epilepsy treatment gap in sub-Saharan Africa is 75 to 90%, compared to less than 10% in high-income countries. The Addis Clinic, a U.S.-based nongovernmental organization, uses telemedicine technology to connect frontline health workers in Kenya with specialist physicians. Epilepsy specialists hypothesized that The Addis Clinic platform and network of healthcare workers in Kenya could be utilized to identify factors contributing to the epilepsy treatment gap and point to opportunities for intervention. Methods: Online survey of frontline health workers in The Addis Clinic network, and health professionals associated with Kenya’s Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital examined six domains: demographics and practice type, epilepsy understanding, formal training and confidence, utilization of Kenya National Guidelines for the Management of Epilepsy, resources and barriers, and use of telemedicine. Results: Among 210 health care workers, survey response rate was 62.9%. There were no statistically significant associations between healthcare workers’ characteristics, practice setup and region. Respondents were generally knowledgeable about the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy, though some gaps in knowledge were identified. 67.9% of respondents defined epilepsy based on the longstanding definition, and 22.9 % knew the new definition. Approximately 60% of respondents reported receiving formal epilepsy training, 45% received post-graduation continued education. Over 95% provided care to patients with epilepsy, and over 95% expressed interest in further training. Majority of respondents reported some or extreme barriers to epilepsy care related to community beliefs, stigma, limited access or high costs of testing, medications, and specialists. Conclusion: Health workers commonly reported awareness of the Kenya National Guidelines for the Management of Epilepsy, had exposure to epilepsy and experience in epilepsy care, and showed basic background knowledge of epilepsy; however, knowledge gaps were identified. The greatest barriers to epilepsy care reported include community beliefs, stigma, and lack of resources, with regional variability found. The Addis Clinic partnership with regional local leaders and epilepsy specialists will utilize these findings to develop focused interventions.
Evaluating and Managing Specific Medical Conditions in Dental Practice: A Review of Pre-Treatment Protocols
Authors: Nanda Aditi , Sahi Henna , Kaur Charankamal , Rajpu Akhil , Kumar Umesh
Published: November 2024

Oral health-related quality of life plays a crucial role in dental practice. Numerous systemic factors, including inadequate nutrition, tobacco use, stress, medication consumption, and diabetes, among others, have been demonstrated to affect oral health. Specific systemic treatments, such as chemo-radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies, cardiac valve replacement, bisphosphonate therapy, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), can impact oral health both during and after the primary treatment. Providing dental care for medically compromised individuals can be complex, particularly with regard to dental procedures and urgent care. An essential aspect of healthcare involves modifying dental treatments for patients whose medical conditions necessitate alterations. For these patients, dental examinations and clearances offer opportunities to deliver comprehensive preventive care that transcends professional boundaries. These consultations also provide occasions to propose treatment options before, during, and after dental visits. While numerous research studies have explored this topic, dental practitioners have not widely adopted it due to limited understanding of medical conditions. Given these clinical challenges, it is imperative to address and elucidate the dental clearance issue for common medical conditions frequently encountered in dental practice. Furthermore, there is a necessity to establish clinical protocols for assessment and management prior to medical procedures.
Alcohol use in early pregnancy: How to counsel your patient
Authors: Schauberger Charles , Parilla Barbara , Sokol Robert
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Counseling pregnant people about alcohol use in pregnancy is a standard part of obstetric care. However, patients may have consumed alcohol between conception and recognition of the pregnancy. Advice is frequently lacking regarding the effects of drinking alcohol during the interval between conception and recognition of the pregnancy. Description: Alcohol consumption is very common in the first trimester. Many people are unaware of the abortifacient effects of alcohol consumption in early pregnancy. Early alcohol consumption may be associated with later complications, including premature birth. Risks of neurodevelopmental impacts from alcohol consumption during early pregnancy are quite low, if alcohol use is discontinued. Obstetrical care providers should screen for early alcohol use and caution against continued drinking. Conclusion: While there is no certainty that can be assigned to the likelihood of good outcomes, patients can be reassured that the risks of neurodevelopmental complications are low from brief early alcohol exposure prior to identification of the pregnancy. However, risks of spontaneous abortion and premature birth remain.
Chronic Metabolic Syndrome develops a frailty of cardiac rhythm similar to aging in rats
Authors: Ibañez Alondra , Jacome Julian , Hiriart Marcia
Published: November 2024

Heart rhythm decreases and alterations depend on aging and correlate with lifestyle and metabolic alterations like obesity, dyslipidemia, and chronic inflammation; these alterations may also produce ventricular hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation, increasing lethal arrhythmias. The high sucrose diet in young adult Wistar rats produces metabolic syndrome from the eighth week that continues twenty-six weeks later. In this work, we analyzed the changes presented by the heart during six months of metabolic syndrome. After this period, the rats were anesthetized, and the electrocardiogram was recorded. We observed that metabolic syndrome produced bradycardia and arrhythmias. The electrocardiogram showed an 18 % decrease in the heart rate in rats with metabolic syndrome and a decreased ability to regulate heart rate variability using the p-p interval Poincare graph. The electrical activity recorded in the sinus node showed alteration in the morphology and propagation of the action potential, therefore, a dysfunction in the pacemaker and supraventricular arrhythmias. This data correlated with the increase in the collagen and lipid area in the pacemaker that produced unexcitable segments, which induced lethal arrhythmias by alterations in electrical activity and premature aging and frailty, like those described in humans. We proposed that the changes in electrical and morphological alterations in the sinus node that are associated with metabolic syndrome are the cause of cardiovascular frailty and premature aging of the heart.
Consumer Knowledge of Garlic for Nutrition Education Programming
Authors: Robinson Julie , West Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Garlic intake has been the subject of research for its many potential health benefits. Consumers have continuing interest in food-related topics, food preparation, and growing their own food in small gardens. Garlic has specific agronomic protocols because it is not grown simply from seed. As a culinary aromatic, garlic use may be somewhat mystifying for some. This research study used an online consumer survey with 558 participants to determine basic garlic consumption habits, knowledge of the research related to health benefits of garlic, experience with and interest in growing garlic, and some basic demographic information. The top reason for using garlic, at 64% of responses, was ‘cardiovascular’ benefits, followed by ‘anti-bacterial’ at 45% and ‘blood pressure support’ at 37%. Only 3% of respondents reported that they were currently taking garlic supplements. The top two preferred garlic forms used at home were ‘dried garlic powder’ and ‘fresh, raw garlic,’ at 86% and 83% respectively. We noted a budding interest in growing garlic for home harvest and in educational information, especially when available in online print and video formats. The survey results showed that more programming is needed to emphasize the health benefits of the natural phytochemicals (plant chemicals) contained in garlic as part of an overall balanced diet.
Intramuscular Immunoglobulins as a Therapeutic Modality for Neural Inflammation in patients with ASD and PANS: A Combined Case Report
Authors: PR Fourie , JC Armstrong
Published: November 2024

This report explores the increasing link between autoimmune disorders and neurodiverse conditions, particularly Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). A small study included aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intramuscular immunoglobulins (IMIG) in reducing neuroinflammation in these conditions. Seven children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and five with Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome were treated with monthly intramuscular immunoglobulins injections. Parents rated improvements in concentration, communication, and behaviour for Autism Spectrum Disorder, and reduction of tics for Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome. Results showed notable improvements, particularly in Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome patients. Intramuscular immunoglobulins offer a promising, cost-effective alternative to intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in managing autoimmune neuroinflammation, warranting further investigation.
Placental biomarkers – A mechanistic review of their pathophysiology and their association with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Chokshi Ravi , McMullen Kathryn , Amatya Shaili , Hoffman Matthew , O’Brien James
Published: November 2024

Placental biomarkers have been studied extensively for their role in development and progression of preeclampsia​. Two biomarkers in particular, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF), are part of the angiogenic profile of preeclampsia and serve as a useful measure for placental dysfunction. Alterations in their level are responsible for the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, and their measurements can help predict and predate clinical signs and symptoms of preeclampsia, allowing for risk assessment and escalation in care. Given that these biomarkers measure placental dysfunction, it is reasonable to suspect that they may be useful in the prediction of other placentally derived disease processes, such as fetal growth restriction and adverse neonatal outcomes. Recent studies have shown that low plasma PlGF in maternal serum is more reliable in distinguishing fetal growth restriction secondary to placental dysfunction versus constitutionally small fetuses when compared to typical ultrasound indicators such as abdominal circumference and umbilical artery doppler studies. Altered PlGF has predicted adverse neonatal outcomes, such as development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and even perinatal deaths. High cord blood levels of sFlt-1 have been shown to correlate with degree of neonatal thrombocytopenia, indicative of endothelial disruption in the newborn. In the era of personalized and precision medicine, placental biomarkers may assist in triaging fetal surveillance and delivery, as well as neonatal care. This review covers the known pathophysiology of these biomarkers, our current understanding of their signaling pathways and downstream effects and includes recent research in their association with a significant complication of prematurity - bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Forensic Odontology: Path to Discovery
Authors: Singh Dr. Kriti , Misra Prof. (Dr.) Pradyumna , Jain Dr. Gaurav
Published: November 2024

Forensic Odontology, a specialised branch of forensic science, involves the application of dental knowledge to legal investigations. The book delves into the multifaceted role of forensic odontology and provides a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed, including bite mark analysis, lip prints, palatoscopy, tooth prints, dental radiographs, and DNA profiling discussing their principles, procedures, and forensic relevance in cases where traditional methods fall short.

Looking forward, it envisions the future of forensic odontology, focusing on advancements in technology, digital imaging and computerassisted identification systems, improved analytical techniques, and the growing importance of interdisciplinary collaboration highlighting their impact on enhancing accuracy and efficiency.

Through comprehensive analysis and illustrative case studies, it underscores the indispensable role of forensic odontology in modern forensic investigations, while also acknowledging the ongoing challenges and opportunities for future development. Furthermore, the increasing recognition of forensic odontology as a vital component of forensic science is likely to lead to greater investment in research and development, ultimately strengthening its role in the justice system and an invaluable resource for forensic professionals, researchers, and students.
Textbook of Human Anatomy and Physiology-II for the Students of B.Pharm 2nd Semester
Authors: Kauser Dr. Mohammed Sheeba
Published: November 2024

"Human Anatomy and Physiology for B Pharmacy Students Semester 2" is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of human body systems, crucial for pharmacy students. The book typically covers:

Nervous System: Structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuron function, and neurotransmission.

Digestive System: Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, accessory organs, digestive processes, and nutrient absorption.

Respiratory System: Structure of the respiratory tract, mechanics of breathing, gas exchange, and regulation of respiration.

Urinary System: Anatomy of the kidneys and urinary tract, urine formation, and regulation of body fluids and electrolytes.

Endocrine System: Overview of major endocrine glands, hormone functions, and the regulation of physiological processes through hormonal signalling.

Reproductive System: Structure and function of male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, and hormonal control of reproduction.

The book emphasizes the interconnections between these systems and their relevance to pharmacy practice, providing foundational knowledge for understanding drug actions and interactions in the human body. It may also include illustrations, clinical correlations, and review questions to enhance learning.
The renal-retinal connection - The eye in chronic kidney disease
Authors: J Mohammed Sohail , Sharat Soumya
Published: November 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked with several systemic complications, including ocular manifestations that can adversely affect quality of life. The prevalence and types of ocular changes in CKD patients, particularly their correlation with disease stages, are not well-documented. This study aims to evaluate the ocular manifestations in CKD and their association with different stages of the disease.

A cross-sectional study on 70 CKD patients revealed a high prevalence of ocular abnormalities, including diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. These conditions often worsened as CKD progressed, emphasizing the need for regular eye exams in CKD patients to prevent vision loss and address complications promptly.

To investigate the prevalence and types of ocular manifestations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to analyse their correlation with the stages of CKD.

This cross-sectional, descriptive, non-interventional, hospital-based study was conducted over four months from May 2024 to August 2024 in the Department of Nephrology. Seventy patients with diagnosed CKD, aged 18 years and older, were included. Exclusion criteria were patients with reversible causes of renal failure, those who had undergone renal transplantation, and those who did not consent. A comprehensive ocular examination was performed on 140 eyes from the enrolled patients, assessing anterior and posterior segment findings, including visual acuity, eyelid conditions, conjunctival status, lens status, and fundus examination.

The study included 38 males (54.3%) and 32 females (45.7%) with a mean age of 57 years. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities, present in 71.4% and 64.3% of patients, respectively. Visual acuity deteriorated with advancing stages of CKD, with significant impairment and blindness observed predominantly in CKD stages 4 and 5. Anterior segment examination revealed that 62% of eyes had immature cataracts, and 38% were pseudophakic. Fundoscopic examination showed that 51.4% of patients had abnormal findings, including non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucomatous disc changes. The severity of fundus abnormalities increased with the progression of CKD, highlighting a strong correlation between the degree of renal dysfunction and ocular health.

Ocular manifestations are common in CKD patients and correlate with the severity of kidney disease. The prevalence of both anterior and posterior segment abnormalities underscores the need for regular ophthalmic evaluations in CKD patients to prevent vision loss and manage ocular complications early.
Watch your eyes: Workplace ocular hazards presenting at a tertiary eye care centre in south India
Authors: Sharat Soumya , Kotre Meghana S
Published: November 2024

: Eye injuries can majorly affect individuals by reducing quality of life. In this study we report the prevalence of ocular trauma and the proportion of vision loss due to trauma presenting in tertiary care center.

To evaluate the prevalence of occupational ocular injuries and the degree of visual loss in patients attending a tertiary eye care hospital in South India.

The study was a retrospective observational study, which included patient’s aged 16 years and older attending Outpatient department of a tertiary eye care hospital following ocular trauma at workplace. The study took place across a six-month duration. A detailed demographic profile and history of the patient was documented. Patient underwent comprehensive ocular examination and further orbital imaging if necessary. The ocular injuries were classified using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System.

This study included 210 patients, with a mean age group of 21-30 years. Men had a more than five-times higher rate of eye injury at work than women; with the most common mode of injury being metallic foreign body (75%). The predominant ocular injuries were categorized as closed globe injuries with 83 % incidence. 67% of the patients needed surgical intervention.

Most work-related eye injuries often result from inadequate eye protection, with the majority of affected patients being young men, which highlights the importance of implementing preventive measures early in their careers. This study underscores the need of awareness and prevention programs for eye protection at workplace.
An analytical study of ophthalmological manifestations in hematological malignancies in a tertiary care centre, India
Authors: Muni Raja Ayyakutty , Gurusamy Seema
Published: November 2024

: The objective of the study was to describe the ophthalmological manifestations associated with various haematological malignancies at a tertiary care centre.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 60 patients diagnosed with various types of haematological malignancies, including leukaemia, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. Patients who had ocular media opacities which precluded fundus view like dense corneal opacity, cataracts, absolute glaucoma, and systemic conditions like hypertension, and diabetes were excluded from this study. All 60 patients underwent a comprehensive ocular examination and the collected data were analysed using IBM SPSS software version 25.

Out of the 60 patients with haematological malignancies, 27 (45%) exhibited ocular features. Ocular involvement was more common in males (63%) and in the paediatric age group (1-10 years) (100%). Ocular findings were prevalent in leukaemia patients especially with chronic myeloid leukaemia showing the highest incidence (80%), compared to lymphomas and multiple myeloma. The most common ocular manifestations were in the posterior segment, such as retinal haemorrhages and Roth spots, observed across all age groups. Neurological involvement, specifically III and VI cranial nerve palsy, were also notable. At the time of presentation, the majority of patients with ocular features had good visual acuity, ranging from 6/6 to 6/9 (43%).

With advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the survival rates for patients with haematological malignancies have considerably improved. This has led to an increase in the variability of ocular presentations. Consequently, routine ocular examination is essential at the time of diagnosis of haematological malignancies to prevent vision-threatening complications and improve the overall quality of life for these patients.
Assessing optimal timing for orthodontic intervention: A scoping review
Authors: Ranganathan Sukanya , Ramachandran Saravanan , Natarajan Raj Vikram , Sekaran Deepak Chandra , Reddy Jyosthna , Nathasha Mayma
Published: November 2024

There is still debate over the ideal time to begin orthodontic treatment. To optimize growth potential and patient cooperation, definitive treatment typically is delayed until the late mixed dentition and is used to resolve functional issues and anomalies of dental development. However, for specific types of malocclusion, some medical professionals advise beginning treatment earlier. The degree of the malocclusion, the patient's age and level of development at the time the patient sought treatment, and the timing of the treatment interventions all had an impact. This article explains over all review of the timing of the orthodontic treatment.
Shape memory resin for direct printed aligners: A scoping review
Authors: Kanase Anup , Sobti Roohi , Misra Vaibhav
Published: November 2024

: This review aims at analyzing the literature available regarding the properties of the novel Tera Harz resin introduced to manufacture direct printed aligners in terms of its mechanical characteristics, accuracy, and cytotoxicity.

Utilizing the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, a search for publications published up until February 2024 was conducted by applying the search phrases ("3D printed" OR "three-dimensional printed") AND aligner AND (polymer* OR material* OR resin* OR technopolymer*).

There were 620 records found in the first search. 220 studies were reviewed after duplicates were eliminated. A total of 196 complete texts were screened based on the title and abstract. 90 full-text papers had their eligibility evaluated. The qualitative synthesis contained 16 studies.

With its ideal characteristics, the new shape memory resin has the potential to be a viable replacement for thermoformed aligners, offering greater accuracy and force delivery. The gathered data is still only somewhat reliable and quantitatively scarce. It is necessary to do more research to assess the therapeutic efficacy of these new materials.
Evaluation of prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among patients seeking orthodontic treatment in marathwada population
Authors: Awode Neharika , Jatania Archana , Jangwad Shruti , Peshne Gayatree , Deshmukh Shubham
Published: November 2024

Body Dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychological complaint that has visions concerning faults in overall well-being of an individual for which cases explore different treatment modalities. Cases with BDD commonly consult for cosmetological procedures amongst which orthodontic treatment considered commonly. The study was adopted to assess the occurrence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Marathwada population.

A sample size of 183 patients with different degree of malocclusive traits answered the given the BDD-YBOCS questionnaire form, while the acuteness of malocclusion was assessed with a rating scale.

From total of 183 patients No BDD was seen among 58 (31.7%) patients while 116 (63.4%) had mild BDD, 9 (4.9%) reported with moderate BDD and none of the patients had severe Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Significantly higher number of BDD positive patients [98 (78.4%)] as opposed to 15 (29.3%) BDD negative patients were concerned with teeth as compared to face, hair or other body parts with statistically highly significant difference between the groups (χ2=49.219, p<0.001**).

This study concluded that Body Dysmorphic Disorder can be diagnosed with its prevalence being 4.9% in the total sample of 183 patients. Face and Dentition are majorly affected. BDD affected samples in study population were majorly males (63%) and even reported previous history of orthodontic consultations. While treating patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder Orthodontists should be accustomed to the clinical variations encountered in BDD and should always include certain questions regarding BDD during history taking.