bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eficiencia del método de lombrifiltro en la remoción de los contaminantes de las aguas residuales domésticas
Authors: Saboya Rios Xiomi Vasni
Published: March 2021

El presente estudio buscó determinar la eficiencia de la lombriz de tierra (Lumbricus terrestris) y la lombriz roja californiana (Eisenia foetida) en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales del Distrito de Chachapoyas (Perú). Para ello, se aplicó la adaptación de las dos especies durante un periodo de siete días, luego se inocularon al sistema del lombrifiltro conformado por dos estructuras de madera con cuatro capas, y finalmente se empleó un tanque de almacenamiento de flujo continuo. A fin de determinar la eficiencia de remoción de las especies, se analizó la cantidad de concentración de los parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos del agua residual que ingresó al proceso de tratamiento. Obteniendo los resultados que la especie EF redujo en un 92% la DBO5, 86% DQO, 78% NT, 84.4% turbidez, 93% pH y 84% en CT a diferencia de la especie LT que obtuvo una reducción del 91% de DBO5, 84% DQO, 77% NT, 83% turbidez, 93% pH y 80% en CT. Se concluyó que la especie EF es más eficiente en la remoción de los contaminantes del agua residual doméstica con un promedio de 87% en comparación con la especie LT que logró un 85% siendo aceptables por el DS N° 004-2017-MINAM.
Friedrich Eibner y la imagen romántica de Toledo
Authors: Moraleda Moraleda Jaime
Published: March 2021

Entre el rico patrimonio que atesora la Biblioteca del Palacio Real de Madrid analizamos en este artículo las cromolitografías con vistas de Toledo que forman parte del Álbum del príncipe Mestchersky, realizadas tras su viaje a España entre 1860 y 1861. La imagen pintoresca de la ciudad imperial emerge aquí de la mano del pintor alemán Friedrich Eibner (1825-1877), un total de siete vistas en las que se advierte el gusto por la imagen romántica de la España decimonónica, sublime y envuelta en un rotundo atractivo por el paso del tiempo. Ante la escasa repercusión de la producción artística de Eibner en la historiografía del Romanticismo español, se pretende una revalorización de su obra, así como la selección de un conjunto de estampas en las que Toledo se presenta como una de las ciudades protagonistas por su valor monumental y paisajístico, a lo que contribuimos con obras inéditas.
Vivir el patrimonio: Juan Temboury Álvarez (1899-1965). Entre la ciencia teórica y la erudición
Authors: Sarria Fernández Carlos
Published: March 2021

Juan Temboury Álvarez fue un hombre poliédrico que trabajó siempre por y para la defensa del Patrimonio, la Cultura y el Arte. Estaba destinado a ser un miembro más de la indocta burguesía comercial malagueña a la que pertenecía, pero diversas circunstancias lo pusieron en el camino de interesarse por el Patrimonio. Posiblemente comenzase su andadura como lo haría un señorito diletante, pero, si así fue, eso debió durar poco tiempo, su compromiso con el Patrimonio y el Arte se fue haciendo cada vez más fuerte y aunque nunca fue su medio de vida, si fue su eje de actuación vital.
Isolation of Chlamydia from crocodile tissue samples v1
Authors: Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan Somjit , Metawee Thongdee not provided , not provided ladawan.sar
Published: March 2021

This protocol is used for isolation of Chlamydia from crocodiles
A comparative study to evaluate the risk factors for patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia in pediatrics department of people’s hospital Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Peoples College of Medical Science and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Mekle Dr. Dinesh , Dwivedi Dr. Pratyush ,   PG Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Peoples College of Medical Science and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Dixit Dr. Jagdamba ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Pediatrics, Peoples College of Medical Science and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: March 2021

Aim: To evaluate the risk factors associated with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in patientsadmitted to the Pediatric department of People’s Hospital Bhopal (MP). Methodology: This was acase-control study which compared patients of CAP aged 2 months to 60 months, admitted inPediatric department of People’s Hospital with children attending well-baby and immunization clinicof People’s hospital. Risk factors that were evaluated included demographic, socioeconomic, housing,past and family history, birth variables, nutritional variables, immunization, delay in presentationand previous treatment. Result: The study enrolled in 209 cases and 209 unmatched controls. Malegender, significant past and family history, lower socioeconomic status, poor housing, indoor smoke,overcrowding, incomplete immunization and malnutrition were associated with increased risk of CAP.Previous treatment and delayed presentation were associated with increasing severity of CAP.Conclusion: Concentrated efforts are needed in a direction to reduce the risk factors associatedwith CAP to prevent the major cause of death of children younger than 5 years.
Comparison of intravenous Paracetamol with oral Ibuprofen for medical closure of PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) in preterm newborns – can it be an effective, safe and preferable choice?
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Trauma & Emergency (Pediatrics), AIIMS, Raipur (CG), India, Rathia Dr. Santosh Kumar , Kurrey Dr. Virendra Kumar ,   Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Pt. J. N. M. Medical College, Raipur, India, Shrivastava Dr. Smit ,   Dept. of Cardiology, Pt. J. N. M. Medical College, Raipur, India, Gupta Dr. Ankit Kumar ,   Pt. J. N. M. Medical College, Raipur, India, Phuljhele Dr. Sharja ,   Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Pt. J. N. M. Medical College, Raipur, India
Published: March 2021

Introduction: In prematurely born newborns, the ductus arteriosus frequently fails to close and more than half of preterms might have Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) after birth during the first 24hours. About 70% of infants born before 28 weeks may require medical or surgical closure of PDA. Objectives: To compare the effect of i/v PCM and oral Ibuprofen on PDA closure rate in preterm neonates with a gestational age of > 37 weeks and evaluate the side effect profile of both drugs. Material and Methods: This time-bound prospective observational study for comparison of the efficacy of the two drugs on the closure of PDA in preterms admitted during 1.5 years of the study period in a neonatal ICU caring for inborn as well as outborn neonates in central India. After approval of the institutional ethics committee, initial clinical screening included all preterms but only those with PDA (open ductus arteriosus) confirmed by 2D-echocardiography were allocated to receive either of two treatment regimens (3-day courses of each oral Ibuprofen and i/v PCM) which already exist as evidence-based therapeutic practice options. Result: Out of a total of 43 cases clinically suspected on initial screening, 30 preterm babies confirmed by 2D-Echo to have PDA were finally enrolled and analysed. Twenty-one patients received i/v PCM with a resultant PDA closure rate of 85.7 % (n = 18/21), while nine cases could be allocated oral Ibuprofen arm and ductus closure was obtained in seven patients (77.78%). Although the PDA closure rate between two drug regimens was not statistically significant (p=0.593), i/v PCM resulted in slightly higher efficacy and fewer adverse effects. Conclusion: Paracetamol, preferably by the intravenous route, seems to be an effective, cheap, easily available and safe first-line alternative to oral Ibuprofen for the closure of PDA, especially in newborns with extreme prematurity, who are initially intolerant to oral feeds or drugs.
The Significance of Colour Design in Creating Comfort at Sports Facilities
Authors: Sennikova Mariia A. , Chikurov Aleksandr I. , Voinich Aleksandr L.
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses the significance of colour design of sports facilities in the aspect of creating psychophysiological comfort for their visitors. The study was conducted in two stages. The first one consisted of a survey in the form of a questionnaire: two groups of 289 respondents expressed their view on the importance of comfort as well as of basic indicators of comfort that sports facilities provide. The results of the study showed that comfort, interior styling and colour design of a sports facility are vital and not of least importance for different categories of visitors to sports facilities. The second stage was carried out by an expert assessment method (the Delphi method), during which the colour design of the sports training block (STB) “Snezhnyi” (Sopka Cluster, Krasnoyarsk) was evaluated regarding the level of psychophysiological comfort it creates for its customers. The result of the conducted expert assessment has showed that the level of psychophysiological comfort created by the colour decoration of STB “Snezhnyi” is evaluated as “close to high” and “high”. The research has revealed that colour solutions used in the design of sports facilities can be important in creating psychophysiological comfort for visitors and, therefore, can be used as one of the success factors in developing a marketing strategy for sports facilities
The Impact of the Winter Universiade-2019 on a Russian University Sport Development
Authors: Kolmakov Vladimir I.
Published: March 2021

The tangible and intangible legacy of the World Universiades is a debatable topic in the science literature of the world. The Universiade-2019 has become a powerful stimulus for the development of sports education, science, mass and elite student sports at Siberian Federal University (SibFU). In the field of physical culture and sports SibFU has implemented new educational programs, held international scientific conferences, carried out major scientific projects, and built a new infrastructure. The number of students involved in physical culture and sports on a regular basis has increased. Since 2012, SibFU students began to win medals at all major international student competitions, such as the European and World Championships, European Universities Games and the Universiade. For example, according to the results of the Universiade-2019, SibFU took second place among all universities in the world in terms of the number of medals won. It is concluded that the Universiadecan contribute not only to the traditional national, cultural and sports goals, but also to the development of university sports in cities hosting mega-events. An effective way to implement this idea may be to include universities in the Universiade organizing committees. The experience of SibFU in the preparation and holding of the Universiade-2019 can be recommended for replication and successful holding of future Universiades or other international student sports events
Fixed Points of Set-valued F-contraction Operators in Quasi-ordered Metric Spaces with an Application to Integral Equations
Authors: Ghasab Ehsan Lotfali , Majani Hamid , Rad Ghasem Soleimani
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we prove some new fixed point theorems involving set-valued F-contractions in the setting of quasi-ordered metric spaces. Our results are significant since we present Banach contraction principle in a different manner from that which is known in the present literature. Some examples and an application to existence of solution of Volterra-type integral equation are given to support the obtained results
Asymptotic Behavior of Small Perturbations for Unsteady Motion an Ideal Fluid Jet
Authors: Andreev Viktor K.
Published: March 2021

The stability problem of unsteady rotating circular jet motion of an ideal fluid is reduced to solving an initial-boundary value problem for Poincare–Sobolev type equation with an evolutionary condition on the jet free initial boundary. The solution of this problem is constructed by the method of variables separation. The asymptotic amplitudes behavior perturbations of the free jet boundary at t → ∞ is found. The results obtained are compared with the known results on the stability of the potential jet motion
Numerical and Analytical Modeling of Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Ivanov Viktor A. , Erkaev Nikolay V.
Published: March 2021

A mathematical model of non-stationary rotation modes of the rotor of a centrifugal pump is constructed. It is based on preliminary calculation in ANSYS Fluent package with subsequent analytical calculation taking into account the specified parameters
Energy Gap Evaluation in Microcrystalline m-HfO2 Powder
Authors: Shilov Artem O. , Savchenko Sergey S. , Vokhmintsev Alexander S. , Chukin Andrey V. , Karabanalov Maksim S. , Vlasov Maksim I. , Weinstein Ilya A.
Published: March 2021

In this paper optical properties of microcrystalline HfO2 powder are investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine that the studied samples are in monoclinic phase. Based on the analysis of the diffuse reflectance spectra and applying Kubelka-Munk formalism we evaluated the indirect bandgap value Eg = 5.34 ± 0.05 eV. The calculated value is in agreement with independent data for HfO2 thin films synthesized by various methods. The paper is based on the materials of the report presented at the first Russian scientific confererence with the participation of the international community "YENISEI PHOTONICS – 2020"
Design of Digital Operational Units with Low Power Consumption
Authors:   The United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220012, Belarus, Avdeev N. A. , Bibilo P. N. ,   The United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220012, Belarus
Published: March 2021

The lowering of power consumption in CMOS VLSI digital systems is one of the most important problems that appear now for developers of CAD systems. One of the effective approaches to lowering the dynamic power consumption is creation of an algorithmic description of the VHDL project, which provides for the deactivation of some functional blocks which are not necessary in particular moments. Contemporary synthesizers fulfill the high level synthesis of logic circuits by substitution of description of each VHDL construction with functionally structural description of a proper logic subcircuit. The results of digital logic circuit synthesis (the number of logic elements and power consumption) depend significantly on initial VHDL code. During initial VHDL code development it is possible to use different approaches to improve some parameters of synthesized logic circuit. At the algorithmic level of the digital design, it is necessary to provide for disconnection of the units, which cause the higher power consumption. In this paper such methods of algorithmic VHDL description of logic circuit are studied. The efficiency of the proposed methods is compared with the traditional method of VHDL-description which does not take the aspect of power con­sumption into account and is oriented only to the correct functionality of the developed logic circuit. To estimate the power consumption of logic circuits the approach is used which allows applying high-speed logical VHDL-simulation of structural descriptions (netlists) of logic circuits instead of slow SPICE simulation. The main conclusion of the provided study is the following: the clock gating and the storage of operand values for complex operations as well as zero value setting for simple ones are effective methods for the VHDL description of operational units with low power consumption implemented in the CMOS basis.
Cultural and philosophical origins and attitudes of the early works of P. Tychyna: "The Last Supper, guillotine days"
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vdovychenko H. V.
Published: March 2021

The article explores cultural and philosophical origins and attitudes of the early works of P. Tychyna, namely defining the ones events and phenomena of domestic and foreign ethnocultural and professional cultural life, cultural and philosophical ideas and teachings, as well as P. Tychyna's own cultural and philosophical views, revealed mainly in his poetry books of 1918 – 1924. One of the most important, but still little- known pages of the biography and ideological and artistic evolution of P. Tychyna is the formation during the first third of the twentieth century, fundamental for his entire life cultural and philosophical guidelines of early creativity. The study of this problem is closely connected with the long overdue need for unbiased systematic classification and consideration of the whole spectrum of cultural and philosophical sources and guidelines of ideological and artistic evolution of the poet of ideologically contradictory poems-myths of Ukrainian national renaissance and enslavement – "Golden Homin" as a sacred figure-symbol of modernism and, at the same time, social realism in Ukrainian literature, the most famous and, at the same time, the most criticized domestic artist-model of evaluative polarity of official and public myth-making in the USSR and, later, in Ukraine. In light of the assessment of the main achievements of tychynology, a cultural-philosophical-literary analysis of the three stages of the ideological and artistic evolution of P. Tychyna of this period was carried out. These stages are: 1. formation (Kyiv-Chernyhiv): 1906 – 1916; 2. creative rise and blossoming (Kyiv): 1917 – 1921; 3. decline and crisis (Kyiv-Kharkiv): 1922 – 1929. Two groups of origins of the poet's early works were examined. The first one is represented by domestic and foreign ethnocultures and consists of three subgroups of folklore: 1. Ukrainian; 2. foreign (of other Slavic peoples); 3. foreign, mainly of the peoples of the Near and Middle East (Armenian, Turkish and Indian). The second group is represented by domestic and foreign professional cultures, the last of which is divided into three subgroups: 1. Russian; 2. European and North American; 3. Eastern (the Near, Middle and Far East). P. Tychyna was a symbol and myth of modernism and Socialist realism in the literature and culture of the Ukrainian SSR, and the early stages of his cultural and philosophical credo's evolution from the neopagan-Christian Ukrainian national-patriotic myth to the national-communist pantheistic-materialistic cosmogony.
Studies on Inducer Mediated Resistance Responses against Biological Fitness of Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Brassica napus
Authors: Javed Muhammad Wajid
Published: March 2021

Cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae is among the notorious insect pests of Canola (Brassica napus) and other Brassica spp., with a reported loss of up to 75%. It has gained resistance against conventional chemical insecticides. So, to activate inducer mediated plant resistance is among the workable solutions against this pest. Henceforth, inducer-mediated resistance based on categorizes of induced-resistance (IR), nutrient-deterrence (ND) and sulphur-integration (SI), was applied in 18 treatments. Their responses against aphid development period, reproduction time, progeny production, immature becoming adults, percent survival and mortalities, were noted-down. In the IR category, all the biological parameters were affected significantly by 1 mM (1 and mM should be in the same line) mM salicylic acid-T4 treatment, whereas in ND, silicon 50 kg ha-1-T10 was more effective. Likewise, during SI studies, bio-sulphur-T15 remained an efficient one. Overall, the developmental period of B. brassicae nymphs was delayed by T10 (Si 50 kg ha-1), followed by T4 (1 mM SA), while Compost-T16 expedited their development. Besides these, reproduction time was reduced at the most by T4, followed by T15. Aphid progeny production was again decreased significantly by T4 and T10, while T16 (Compost) presented the maximum progenies. Associatively, the least number of nymphs becoming adults were shown in T4, T10 followed by T7 (1 mM CA). The highest percent nymph survival was shown in T1 (control) and T16 (compost) with the highest nymph percent mortality in T4 and T7. Hence, salicylic acid, silicon, and bio-sulphur showed maximum effective resistance responses but in concentration-dependent manner. These findings can be used in future integrated pest management programs of aphids and other specialists on related hosts. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Los virus RNA inducen estrés oxidativo celular y los antioxidantes reducen la generación de partículas virales, tanto in vitro como in vivo
Authors: Guerrero Fonseca Carlos Arturo
Published: March 2021

Durante la infección por virus RNA se generan mecanismos oxidativos intracelulares como especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y citocinas prooxidantes. Los virus RNA requieren la presencia de moléculas redox en la membrana celular para realizar los cambios conformacionales necesarios en la unión y penetración a la célula. Además, necesitan inducir estrés oxidativo celular ya que esto permite la expresión de la maquinaria bioquímica necesaria para su traducción utilizando los sitios de entrada de ribosomas internos (IRES). La generación de ROS, como consecuencia de la infección viral o por agentes xenobióticos, estimula la activación de la vía NF-κB y junto con la actividad oxidativa aumentan la replicación viral. Igualmente, los virus RNA inhiben enzimas antioxidantes como la superóxido dismutasa y factores importantes en las vías anti-inflamatorias como Nrf2, PPARγ, entre otros. El tratamiento y uso de antioxidantes como agentes terapéuticos en enfermedades virales, tanto en animales como en pacientes humanos, afecta el plegamiento de los virus durante la unión a los receptores y disminuye la generación de viriones por célula, permitiendo de esta manera la producción sostenida de antígenos virales para desarrollar una inmunidad eficiente y equilibrada.
Length biased Weighted New Quasi Lindley Distribution: Statistical Properties and Applications
Authors: Ganaie Rashid A. , Rajagopalan V.
Published: March 2021

In this Paper, we have introduced a new version of new quasi lindley distribution known as the length-biased weighted new quasi lindley distribution (LBWNQLD). Length biased distribution is a special case of weighted distribution. The different structural properties of the newly proposed distribution are derived and the model parameters are estimated by using the method of maximum likelihood estimation and also the Fisher’s information matrix have been discussed. Finally, applications to real life two data sets are presented for illustration.
A study to assess the utility of poison severity score, pseudocholinesterase levels and Glasgow coma scale in predicting severity and clinical outcome of organophosphorus poisoning
Authors: Bhat Nitin , Prabhu H. D. Ramachandra , Krishna Bhat Adarsha Gopadi
Published: March 2021

Background: Suicides due to organophosphate self-poisoning is a major cause of concern world over. Organophosphate compounds (OP) possess a major cause of suicide in India.  There is a greater need for tools to predict severity of OP poisoning. We in this study try to assess the utility of the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), pseudocholinesterase levels and the poisoning severity score (PSS) in estimating severity and clinical prognosis of OP poisoning in patients of south India.Methods: A prospective study was conducted over 2 years in department of medicine, KIMS hospital and research centre, patients who were >18 years of age were included. OP poisoning was determined by either history of consumption or clinical features. Pseudocholinesterase levels at admission, PPS and GCS scores were assessed at admission and at 24 hours. Clinical, demographical, and certain laboratory investigation were recorded. Patients were followed till the patient stayed in intensive care unit.Results: In present study 100 patients were enrolled. Significant association was observed between GCS (p<0.001), PSS (p<0.001) and outcome of OP poisoning. Unexpectedly no significant association was observed with pseudocholinesterase level (p=0.118). A total of 83% patients were improved after treatment and mortality rate observed was 17%. Out of these 83% severe complications were observed in 14% of the patients.Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the usefulness of GCS and PSS systems for predicting severity of OP poisoning. Identification of severity at an early stage followed by prompt treatment can prevent deaths. Our study did not find any association between pseudocholinesterase levels at admission and severity of OP poisoning.
Role of serum magnesium in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Sreekumar Arunkumar , Velayudhan K. K.
Published: March 2021

Background: This prospective study was done to assess the association between serum magnesium deficiency and its effect on exacerbation of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD), and also to probably suggest a cut-off level which may be useful for predicting clinical outcomes and serving as a target value for therapeutic intervention. Methods: This study was conducted among 100 patients in a tertiary hospital, who were diagnosed with COPD, and their serum magnesium levels were measured when they presented to the hospital during routine check-up (stable) and during an exacerbation. Their PEFR and oxygen saturation were also measured to assess severity. Results: Out of 100 patients studied, 91 were males and 9 were females, of which 38 of them were aged 60 or below and 62 of them aged 61 and above.  The average serum magnesium levels of patients presenting during routine check-up was 2.08 mg/dl (below 60) and 2.06 mg/dl (above 61) as compared to values during an exacerbation which was 1.58 mg/dl (below 60) and 1.60 mg/dl (above 60) which was significant. Our study also determined a serum magnesium cut-off value averaging 1.65 mg/dl, which may be useful therapeutic target for intervention.Conclusions: Serum low serum magnesium levels has a definite association with exacerbations of COPD. Earlier therapeutic interventions may help in decreasing the episodes of exacerbation. A significant reduction of magnesium levels may correlate with severity of airway obstruction.
Another Brick on the Wall: On the Effects of Non-Contributory Pensions on Material and Subjective Well Being
Authors: Bando Rosangela , Galiani Sebastián , Gertler Paul
Published: March 2021

Public expenditures on non-contributory pensions are equivalent to at least 1 percent of GDP in several countries in Latin America and is expected to increase. We explore the effect of non-contributory pensions on the well-being of the beneficiary population by studying the "Pensiones Alimentarias" program established by law in Paraguay, which targets older adults living in poverty. Households with a beneficiary increased their level of consumption by 44 percent. The program improved subjective well-being in 0.48 standard deviations. These effects are consistent with the findings of Bando, Galiani and Gertler (2020) and Galiani, Gertler and Bando (2016) in their studies on the non-contributory pension schemes in Peru and Mexico. Thus, we conclude that the effects of non-contributory pensions on well-being in Paraguay are comparable to those found for Peru and Mexico and add to the construction of external validity.
Fiscal Rule and Public Investment in Chile
Authors: Fuentes J. Rodrigo , Schmidt-Hebbel Klaus , Soto Raimundo
Published: March 2021

This paper reviews the design and operation of the Chilean fiscal rule in the past 30 years. Using different empirical approaches, we assess its impact on fiscal procyclicality, public debt, and public investment. While there has been substantial progress in building a modern institutional framework for fiscal policy, we find that the rule is incomplete in two dimensions: it lacks an escape clause, and it needs to supplement the budget balance rule with a debt rule. The former is seen in the pervasive inability of the authorities to steer fiscal accounts back to their long-term sustainable path after the rule was breached the rule in 2009. The latter issue is illustrated by the speedy build-up of the public debt as a result of the need to finance fiscal deficits. We do not find, nevertheless, a negative impact of the rule on public investment. We propose reforms to improve on transparency and accountability, as well as to supplement the rule with escape clauses and a debt anchor.
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE: ASSIMILATION, INTERRUPTED: TRANSFORMING DISCOURSES OF CULTURE- AND HONOUR-BASED VIOLENCE IN CANADA
Authors: Mucina Mandeep Kaur , Jamal Amina
Published: March 2021

This special issue about race, honour, culture, and violence against women in South Asian Canadian communities is proffered as an entry point to a wider, multilayered discussion about race, culture, gender, and violence. It hopes to intensify a debate on gendered violence that could tie in with analysis and commentary on individual killings in family-related sites, murders of racialized women and girls in public sites, and other forms of violence against women and girls in society. We encourage readers to consider how to understand the landscape that South Asian Canadian women and girls are confronting, while also asking critical questions about the wider settler colonial system in which we all participate as we fight gender-based violence.
PIETY, TRANSGRESSION, AND THE FEMINIST DEBATE ON MUSLIM WOMEN: RESITUATING THE VICTIM-SUBJECT OF HONOR-RELATED VIOLENCE FROM A TRANSNATIONAL LENS
Authors: Jamal Amina
Published: March 2021

While I strongly endorse anti-imperialist feminist attempts to uphold devout Muslim women’s gendered agency, I am concerned that these arguments fail to disrupt the intransigent association of freedom, particularly individual freedom, with secularism, and communitarian restraint with Islam. It is not surprising, therefore, that victim-subjects of honor-related violence, whether in a secular state such as Canada or an Islamic state like Pakistan, are discursively installed within the universal secular sphere and reevicted from the religious and cultural community. I propose the notion of transgressive piety rather than the dichotomy of secular society versus pious community within which to problematize gendered Muslim subjects. The transgression of ritualistic and institutionalized practices is associated with practices termed Sufism. Muslim feminists may use the idea of transgressive piety to offer faith-based support to those gendered subjects whose transgressive acts, appearance, or practices define them as legitimate targets of family, community, or state-based violence. In so doing, we may also challenge doctrinaire and narrow definitions of the Muslim Ummah, the all-encompassing and transcendent community of Muslims.
Analysing Diabetic Foot Amputations through Amit Jain’s Extended SCC Classification
Authors: Jain Amit Kumar C. , M Vishakha , K.C Pratheek
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Foot amputations are common in diabetic patients and they are either minor or major. We conducted this study to analyse minor amputations done in diabetic patients through this new Amit Jain’s extended “SCC” classification for foot amputations. METHODS A descriptive retrospective study was conducted in Department of Surgery of Raja Rajeswari Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, which is a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study period was from January 2018 to December 2019. This study was approved by institutional ethics committee. RESULTS 32 patients were included in this study with majority of patients being above 40 years. 78.1 % of them were males. Infected ulcers in the foot accounted for 34.4 % of the cases and were the commonest cause for amputation. 96.9 % of the patients who underwent minor amputation were of type 1-foot amputation. 6.3 % ended up in major amputation in the same hospitalisation. There was no in-patient mortality in this study. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic foot amputations are common in clinical practice and they often cause increased morbidity and add financial burden to patients and their family. Toe amputations, which are type 1-foot amputations, are the commonest amputations performed. Type 3-foot amputations are rarely done as they are complicated and require expertise. Amit Jain’s extended SCC classification for foot amputation is a simple, easy to understand and practical classification that categorises the minor amputation into 3 simple types. This is the first such classification exclusive for foot amputation. KEYWORDS Diabetes, Amputation, Foot, Amit Jain, Osteomyelitis, Gangrene, Ulcer
Determinants of Complicated Pneumonia in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Mirkarimi Mohammadreza , Alisamir Mohsen , Nasiri Parastoo , Barouti Shahriar , Mohammadi Shooka
Published: March 2021

Pediatric complicated pneumonia (PCOMP) is the leading cause of mortality in children under the age of five. The study was conducted to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with PCOMP. A retrospective study was carried out among all pediatric patients who were hospitalized due to complicated pneumonia in Abuzar Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) during two years. The patients were evaluated in terms of epidemiological and clinical characteristics. A total of 65 hospitalized children and infants were identified. More than half of the patients were females (n=36; 55.3%). Their mean age was 4.21±3.80 years (range six months-15 years), and 64.1% of them (n=42) were under the age of five. There were 12 (19.4%) patients with failure to thrive (FTT). In addition, 58.5% of patients (n=38) had no history of hospitalization, and 66.2% of them (n=43) did not have any underlying disease. The mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 12.46±6.85 (range 4-45) days. Admission was more common in winter (40%) and autumn (33.8%). Moreover, there were no significant associations between the types of complications and patients’ gender, age, FTT, and LOS. Further studies are warranted to identify factors contributing to disease severity and develop appropriate strategies for the prevention and treatment of PCOMP among Iranian children.
Application of Mathematical Model of Cancer Treatment by Radiotherapy
Authors: Hosseini Motlagh Seyedeh Nasrin , Lari Motefaker Faeze
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is achieve an analysis of the mathematical model governing radiotherapy as well as to achieve the concentration of healthy and cancerous cells to reduce the length of treatment and less damage to cancer treatment by this type of therapy. In order to obtain this, we used the latest mathematical radiotherapy model based on the Lotka-Volterra competitive equations and the Adomian decomposition method that is the one of the most advanced analytical solutions to solve differential equations to attain our goal. The calculation of the Adomian decomposition method was applied to the mathematical model governing radiotherapy, and then the concentration of healthy and cancerous cells was achieved with a very good approximation. Comparison of the behavior of healthy and cancerous cells concentrations based on experimental cases and the behavior of healthy and cancerous cells concentrations based on computations express the correctness of the work. ADM indicates the concentration of healthy and cancerous cells during the treatment stage and the no treatment stage can be effective in improving the modeling based on the competitive model of the Lotka-Volterra equations, which results in the reduction of the use of diagnostic devices, less radiation, the faster treatment process and decreasing the cost of treatment for patients and governments.
MicroRNA Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Asefi Masoud , Rezvani Nayebali , Soheilifar Mohammad Hasan , Saidijam Massoud , Mahdavinezhad Ali
Published: March 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The beginning and progression of the disease are thought to be determined by combinations of epigenetic and genetic changes that trigger multistep programs of carcinogenesis. In colorectal cancer, epigenetic alterations, in particular promoter CpG island methylation, occur more commonly than genetic mutations. Hyper-methylation contributes to carcinogenesis via inducing transcriptional silencing or down-regulation of tumor suppressor genes. DNA methylation alteration has a high potential for minimally invasive biomarker identification. Genome analysis has confirmed that microRNA expression is deregulated in most cancer types through several mechanisms, including failings in the microRNA biogenesis machinery. Moreover, microRNAs can be dysregulated by abnormal CpG methylation in cancer. Since it is believed that epigenetic changes occur in the early stages of the disease, these changes can be used for the early detection of cancer. In this review, we intend to study the role of microRNA gene promoter methylation in colorectal cancer.
Psychological Distress in Candidates for Surgery: a Comparative Study Between Patients with Chronic and Acute Diseases
Authors: Ghanbari Nahid , Narimani Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Background: Preoperative psychological distress, including anxiety, stress, and depression, is an important issue in psychological pathology. It is of double importance among vulnerable groups such as patients with incurable chronic diseases (such as breast cancer) and simple diseases (such as cholecystitis). We assessed the development of anxiety and stress symptoms in two groups undergoing surgery; breast cancer patients and patients undergoing cholecystectomy.
Methods: In a causal-comparative study, 30 participants were selected consecutively from a list of candidates for mastectomy and were compared with 30 patients undergoing cholecystectomy in terms of psychological distress. All samples completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21).
Results: Our results showed that the average scores of stress (P < .000F=1/71), anxiety (P< .000F=117/556), and depression (P < .000F=3/41) were higher in patients with breast cancer surgery (mastectomy) than in those undergoing cholecystectomy surgery.
Conclusion: Patients themselves have significant effects on the level of their stress. So, in this study, we attempted to examine the effects of stress and anxiety on people before surgery.
Expression of miR-1290 and Its Target Genes THBS1 and DKK3 in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Nobari Sima , Soheilifar Mohammad Hasan , Keshmiri Neghab Hoda , Azizi Jalilian Farid , Bahreini Fatemeh , Amini Razieh
Published: March 2021

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (containing approximately 22 nucleotides), which modulate and control the expression of target genes by binding them. MiRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Thus, alterations in the expression level of miRNAs play a key role in the pathobiology of numerous cancers. In this research, the expression level of MicroRNA-1290 (miR1290) and its target genes THBS1 and DKK3 were evaluated in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 144 paraffin-embedded tissue samples of CRC and adjacent tissues from patients who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Total RNA was isolated from the tissue using Trizol reagent following the manufacturer’s instructions and then reverse transcribed to cDNA. The expression of miR-1290 and its target genes was measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V.20 statistical software.
Results: We present evidence that the miR-1290 expression in CRC tissues was significantly higher than in the normal margin, and its targets were downregulated in tumor tissue compared to the adjacent tissue.
Conclusion: This study supports the essential role of miR-1290 and its contribution to CRC invasion and metastasis through targeting THBS1 and DKK3, as biomarkers for CRC diagnosis.
Silibinin Inhibits TGF-β-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 Through Smad Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer HT-29 Cells
Authors: Zare Zahra , Nayerpour dizaj Tina , Lohrasbi Armaghan , Sheikhalishahi Zakieh Sadat , Asadi Amirhooman , Zakeri Mana , Hosseinabadi Fahimeh , Abazari Omid , Abbasi Mojtaba , Khanicheragh Parisa
Published: March 2021

Background: Metastasis of cancer cells is the primary responsible for death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential for the metastasis process. Silibinin is a natural compound extracted from the Silybum marianum that exhibits anti-neoplastic activity in cancer cell lines. In this study, we evaluated the effects of silibinin on MMP-2 and MMP-9 induced by TGF-β in human HT-29 CRC cell line and the potential mechanism underlying the effects.
Methods: The present in vitro study was done on the HT-29 cell line. The HT-29 cell line was cultured in RPMI1640 and exposed to TGF- β (5 ng/ml) in the absence and presence of different concentrations of silibinin (10, 25, 50, and 100 μM). The effect of silibinin on HT-29 cell viability was measured with the MTT assay. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) determined the relative mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Western blotting was employed to examine MMP-2 and MMP 9 protein expression and Smad2 phosphorylation.
Results: Silibinin inhibits cell viability of HT-29 cell line at 24 hours in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-β increased the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and phosphorylated Smad2 compared to controls. Pharmacological inhibition with silibinin markedly blocked TGF-β–induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression and Smad2 phosphorylation.
Conclusion: Silibinin decreased the cell viability of HT-29 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Silibinin also inhibited TGF-β-stimulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in HT-29 cells, possibly mediated with the Smad2 signaling pathway.
Investigation of MRP1 and ABCG2 Gene Expression in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Patients
Authors: Solali Saeed , Fardi Masoumeh , Almasi Shohreh , Aliparasti Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2021

Background: This study evaluated and compared the quantitative expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), two Multidrug Resistance (MDR) related genes, in 30 CML patients and 27 normal subjects.
Methods: Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) using the Trizol reagent. Then cDNAs were synthesized. Gene expression was quantified using Real-Time PCR System. The relative expression of target genes was calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method.
Results: High expression of MRP1 and ABCG2 mRNAs were detected in the patient group. Intra-group comparisons also revealed increased expression of ABCG2 in Accelerated Phase (AP)-Blastic Crisis (BC) patients compared to Chronic Phase (CP) patients. At the same time, the increased expression of MRP1 in AP-BC patients was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Considering the broad spectrum of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily substrates, they can play an essential role in cell fate determination. High expression of MRP1 and ABCG2 genes can result in the efflux of therapeutic agents and subsequent reduction in their intracellular concentration. This mechanism finally protects cells from the therapeutic effects of medications. On the other hand, these transporters can export growth factors out of the cell. Such exported molecules may have a growth-inducing effect on adjacent cells. These are the possible mechanisms for the participation of MRP1 and ABCG2 genes in conferring drug resistance to CML cells.
The Effects of Individual Diet Therapy on Food Intake, Quality of Life, and Related Serum Proteins in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fallah Azadeh , Parnian Kiana , Abdolazimi Hamid , Tezerji Sajjad , Mazloom Zohreh
Published: March 2021

Background: In cancer patients, weight loss due to malnutrition has a significant impact on the patients’ treatment and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the appropriate therapeutic strategy to control the side effects of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer to improve their health, quality of life, and nutritional status.
Methods: In our prospective study, we examined gastric cancer patients who were Seventy patients undergoing chemotherapy were included and randomly divided into intervention (n=35) and control groups (n=35). The intervention group received an individualized diet according to their nutritional needs for eight weeks, and the control group received dietary advice on the side effects of chemotherapy. Malnutrition, nutritional barriers, and patients’ quality of life were evaluated by PG-SGA, nutritional barriers, and QLQ-C30 questionnaires. Serum proteins were also assessed at the beginning and the end of the study.
Results: The patients’ mean age was 50.91±1.72 years in the intervention group and 51±1.35 in the control group. According to the PG-SGA questionnaire classification, 68.5% of patients had malnutrition at baseline. In the intervention group, the mean score of PG-SGA decreased, which indicated an improvement in patients’ nutritional status. Increased scores in the functional section of QLQC30 and a decrease in the symptom section of this questionnaire indicated the improved quality of life in patients undergoing treatment at the end of the intervention. Albumin (P<0.001) and hemoglobin (P<0.001) levels increased in the intervention group, while there were no significant changes in these variables of the control group. Serum levels of ferritin did not show significant changes in either the intervention or the control group.
Conclusion: Identifying nutritional barriers in breast cancer patients and individual diet therapy based on these barriers and nutritional needs reduces nutritional barriers. Consequently, malnutrition would decline, and the quality of life may enhance in these patients.
A INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR DO ALUNO COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL: A PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: De Sousa Neide Maria Fernandes Rodrigues , Ramos Andresa da Luz , De Oliveira Francisco Pereira , Vieira Norma Cristina
Published: March 2021

A presente pesquisa visa compreender a percepção de professores do ensino fundamental acerca da inclusão escolar do aluno com paralisia cerebral. Participaram da pesquisa seis professores do ensino fundamental de uma turma do 8º ano que tinha uma aluna com paralisia cerebral. O levantamento foi realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Nos resultados, os participantes indicaram desconhecer o Projeto Político Pedagógico/currículo e sua articulação com práticas inclusivas. Além disso, eles têm pouca compreensão das características da paralisia cerebral, assim como apresentam dificuldades no planejamento e na prática pedagógica inclusiva para alunos público-alvo da educação especial, principalmente na aplicação de metodologias; eles implementam poucas flexibilizações curriculares, justificando-as em função do reduzido preparo profissional para atuar com a aluna com paralisia cerebral e a falta de material adequado. Conclui-se que, apesar do avanço no aspecto legal da educação inclusiva, há um conjunto de barreiras para que se efetive uma política educacional inclusiva de qualidade em turmas com portadores de paralisia cerebral, o que dificulta o processo de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem da referida aluna.