bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le contrôle juridictionnel de la rétention administrative devant la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme : un contrôle au conditionnel
Authors: Palluel Christelle
Published: October 2016

L’article 5§4 prévoit que les personnes privées de liberté ont le droit d’introduire un recours devant un tribunal afin qu’il statue à bref délai sur la légalité de la détention et ordonne la libération le cas échéant. Saisie de l’étendue que doit revêtir ce contrôle juridictionnel pour les personnes étrangères placées en rétention administrative, la Cour européenne des Droits de l’Homme, dans un arrêt A.M. contre France du 12 juillet 2016, condamne la France au motif que le juge administratif exerce un contrôle trop limité. Toutefois, cette condamnation risque, dans bien des situations, de rester lettre morte, le juge de Strasbourg se refusant à exiger un recours suspensif contre la mesure de placement en rétention.
Rare Aggressive Behavior of MDM2-Amplified Retroperitoneal Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma, with Brain, Lung and Subcutaneous Metastases
Authors: Ben Salha Imen , Zaidi Shane , Noujaim Jonathan , Miah Aisha B. , Fisher Cyril , Jones Robin L. , Thway Khin
Published: October 2016

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) is a histologically pleomorphic sarcoma, traditionally defined as well-differentiated liposarcoma with abrupt transition to high grade, non-lipogenic sarcoma. It can occur as part of recurrent well-differentiated liposarcoma, or may arise de novo. DDL most frequently occurs within the retroperitoneum, and while it is prone to local recurrence, it usually has a lower rate of metastasis than other pleomorphic sarcomas. We describe a case of retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma in a 63-year-old male, who showed MDM2 amplification with fluorescence in situ hybridization, which displayed unusually aggressive behavior, with brain, lung and subcutaneous soft tissue metastases. As previous reports of metastatic liposarcoma have largely grouped DDL in with other (genetically and clinically distinct) liposarcoma subtypes, we highlight and discuss the rare occurrence of brain metastasis in MDM2-amplified retroperitoneal liposarcoma.
A Giant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast
Authors: Schillebeeckx Charlotte , Verbeeck Guy , Daenen Geert , Servaes Dirk , Bronckaers Marc
Published: October 2016

Phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare, accounting for less than 1% of the breast tumors. They are mostly seen in women between 45 and 49 years old. These are fast growing tumors with a large spectrum of behavior (from benign to metastatic) and can resemble fibroadenomas. Correct diagnosis mostly through core needle biopsy is important to decide whether a surgical excision has to be done. Here we report a case of a 57-year-old woman with a fast growing, ulcerated tumor in the left breast. Core needle biopsy suggested a malignant phyllodes tumor with heterologous liposarcomatous differentiation. Treatment with total mastectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy followed. Primary treatment is always surgery, whether radiotherapy or chemotherapy has to follow remains uncertain. There is a high-recurrence rate, especially when the surgical margins are narrow.
Gastric Metastasis of Breast Cancer: A Case Series
Authors: dos Santos Fernandes Gustavo , Batista Bugiato Faria Luiza D. , de Assis Pereira Isadora , Neves Natália C. Moreira , Vieira Yasmine Oliveira , Leal Alessandro I. Cavalcanti
Published: October 2016

Gastric metastasis is rare but it can be the initial symptom of cancer. The second leading cause of this type of metastasis is breast cancer. A lack of clinical signs and nonspecific side effects of the treatment of primary tumors can lead to the misdiagnosis of metastatic gastric cancer. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy and immunohistochemistry should be used for diagnosis. Treatment is palliative; it includes chemo, endocrine, and radiation therapies. Four patients with breast cancer and gastric metastasis were identified. All the patients tested positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and received chemotherapy and hormone therapy. One patient underwent surgery and two received radiation therapy. Patients with breast cancer and gastrointestinal symptoms should be investigated for gastric metastasis, given its morbidity and negative impact on quality of life.
Primary Retroperitoneal Melanoma Presented in a Rare Extracutaneous Site for Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Alsharedi Mohamed , Zgheib Nadim Bou , Khelfa Yousef , Raufi Ali , Elmsherghi Nabiha , Lebowicz Yehuda
Published: October 2016

Malignant melanoma, as the name implies, is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, found in the skin, eyes, meningeal lining and the mucosal epithelium of the aero-digestive and genitourinary tracts. Malignant melanoma is typically skin malignancy, which rarely presents at extracutaneous site. Here we present a rare case of primary retroperitoneal melanoma and review the findings in comparison with other cases described in literature.
Erlotinib Induced Fatal Interstitial Lung Disease in a Patient with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mangla Ankit , Agarwal Nikki , Carmel Chou , Lad Thomas
Published: October 2016

Erlotinib is one of the most widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor. Since its introduction, it has revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Skin rashes and diarrhea are the most often reported side effects of erlotinib however it is also associated with interstitial pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease, which often turns out to be fatal complication of using this medicine. Though reported scarcely in the western world, the association of interstitial lung disease with epidermal growth factor receptor has attracted a lot of attention in the recent times. Various researches working with murine models of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis have found a pro and con role of the receptor in development of the interstitial lung disease. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung with metastasis to brain. He was found to be positive for the human epidermal growth factor mutation and was hence started on erlotinib. Within a few weeks of starting the medicine the patient was admitted with diarrhea. During the course of this admission he developed acute shortness of breath diagnosed as interstitial pneumonitis. The purpose of this case report is to review the literature associated with erlotinib induced interstitial pneumonitis and make the practicing oncologists aware of this rare yet fatal complication of erlotinib. Here we will also review literature, pertaining to the role of epidermal growth factor receptor in development of interstitial lung disease.
Primary Hepatic Lymphoma: A Retrospective, Multicenter Rare Cancer Network Study
Authors: Ugurluer Gamze , Miller Robert C. , Li Yexiong , Thariat Juliette , Ghadjar Pirus , Schick Ulrike , Ozsahin Mahmut
Published: October 2016

Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) is a rare malignancy. We aimed to assess the clinical profile, outcome and prognostic factors in PHL through the Rare Cancer Network (RCN). A retrospective analysis of 41 patients was performed. Median age was 62 years (range, 23-86 years) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9:1.0. Abdominal pain or discomfort was the most common presenting symptom. Regarding B-symptoms, 19.5% of patients had fever, 17.1% weight loss, and 9.8% night sweats. The most common radiological presentation was multiple lesions. Liver function tests were elevated in 56.1% of patients. The most common histopathological diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (65.9%). Most of the patients received Chop-like (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) regimens; 4 patients received radiotherapy (dose range, 30.6-40.0 Gy). Median survival was 163 months, and 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 77 and 59%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-free and lymphoma-specific survival rates were 69, 56, 87 and 70%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that fever, weight loss, and normal hemoglobin level were the independent factors influencing the outcome. In this retrospective multicenter RCN study, patients with PHL had a relatively better prognosis than that reported elsewhere. Multicenter prospective studies are still warranted to establish treatment guidelines, outcome, and prognostic factors.
Incidence and Characteristics of Meniscal Injuries in Cadets at a Military School, 2013–2015
Authors: Ma Ji Zheng , Cui Shu Fang , Hu Fei , Lu Qiu Ju , Li Wei
Published: October 2016

Context: Meniscal injury is common among military service members.

Objective: To examine the incidence and characteristics of meniscal injuries in cadets at a single military institution between 2013 and 2015.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Meniscal-injury data were collected at the Center of Rehabilitation Training, the People's Liberation Army University of Science and Technology.

Patients or Other Participants: A total of 2479 cadets participating in physical activities between 2013 and 2015.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury rates, injury proportions by body mass index, risk ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: The overall incidence rate was 10.08 (95% CI = 6.84, 14.84) per 1000 person-years. A multiple-comparisons test revealed differences in the relative injury rate in overweight or obese cadets versus normal-weight cadets and underweight cadets (χ2 = 8.98, P = .01). No differences were found between injured normal-weight cadets and underweight cadets (P = .66, RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.32, 6.06) or between injured overweight or obese cadets and injured underweight cadets (P = .24, RR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.09, 1.91). The absolute injury rate was higher for overweight and obese cadets compared with normal-weight cadets (P < .01, RR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.69). The overall proportional distribution for patterns of injury was 2:1 (medial to lateral) for meniscal injuries. Grade 2 injuries were the most common.

Conclusions: The high frequency and level of severity of meniscal injuries may negatively affect the readiness and health of cadets. High body mass index was a risk factor for meniscal injury.
Order and Spectrum Preserving Maps on Positive Operators
Authors: Šemrl Peter
Published: October 2016

We describe the general form of surjective maps on the cone of all positive operators that preserve order and spectrum. The result is optimal as shown by counterexamples. As an easy consequence, we characterize surjective order and spectrum preserving maps on the set of all self-adjoint operators.
Optical properties and aging of light-absorbing secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Liu Jiumeng , Lin Peng , Laskin Alexander , Laskin Julia , Kathmann Shawn M. , Wise Matthew , Caylor Ryan , Imholt Felisha , Selimovic Vanessa , Shilling John E.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The light-absorbing organic aerosol (OA) commonly referred to as “brown carbon” (BrC) has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of its potential to affect atmospheric radiation balance, especially in the ultraviolet region and thus impact photochemical processes. A growing amount of data has indicated that BrC is prevalent in the atmosphere, which has motivated numerous laboratory and field studies; however, our understanding of the relationship between the chemical composition and optical properties of BrC remains limited. We conducted chamber experiments to investigate the effect of various volatile organic carbon (VOC) precursors, NOx concentrations, photolysis time, and relative humidity (RH) on the light absorption of selected secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Light absorption of chamber-generated SOA samples, especially aromatic SOA, was found to increase with NOx concentration, at moderate RH, and for the shortest photolysis aging times. The highest mass absorption coefficient (MAC) value is observed from toluene SOA products formed under high-NOx conditions at moderate RH, in which nitro-aromatics were previously identified as the major light-absorbing compounds. BrC light absorption is observed to decrease with photolysis time, correlated with a decline of the organic nitrate fraction of SOA. SOA formed from mixtures of aromatics and isoprene absorb less visible (Vis) and ultraviolet (UV) light than SOA formed from aromatic precursors alone on a mass basis. However, the mixed SOA absorption was underestimated when optical properties were predicted using a two-product SOA formation model, as done in many current climate models. Further investigation, including analysis on detailed mechanisms, are required to explain the discrepancy.
Assessment of virtual towers performed with scanning wind lidars and Ka-band radars during the XPIA experiment
Authors: Debnath Mithu , Iungo G. Valerio , Brewer W. Alan , Choukulkar Aditya , Delgado Ruben , Gunter Scott , Lundquist Julie K. , Schroeder John L. , Wilczak James M. , Wolfe Daniel
Published: October 2016

Abstract. During the eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment (XPIA) campaign, which was carried out at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in spring 2015, multiple-Doppler scanning strategies were performed with scanning wind lidars and Ka-band radars. Specifically, step-stare measurements were performed simultaneously with three scanning Doppler lidars, while two scanning Ka-band radars performed simultaneous range height indicator (RHI) scans. The XPIA experiment provided the unique opportunity to compare directly virtual tower measurements performed simultaneously with Ka-band radars and Doppler wind lidars. Furthermore, multiple-Doppler measurements were assessed against sonic anemometer data acquired from the met-tower present at the BAO site and a lidar wind profiler. This survey shows that despite the different technologies, measurement volumes and sampling periods used for the lidar and radar measurements, a great accuracy is achieved for both remote sensing techniques for probing horizontal wind speed and wind direction with the virtual tower scanning technique.
Testing the analog method in reconstructing the global
mean annual temperature during the Common Era
Authors: Gómez-Navarro Juan José , Zorita Eduardo , Raible Christoph C. , Neukom Raphael
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This study addresses the possibility to carry out global gridded mean annual temperature reconstructions using a worldwide network of proxy records and a method based on the search of analogs (AM-CFR). Several variants of the method are evaluated, and their performance is analysed. As test bed for the reconstruction, the PAGES2K proxy database (version 1.9.0) is employed as predictor, the HadCRUT4 dataset is the set of observations used as predictand and target, and a set of simulations from the PMIP3 are used as pool to draw analogs and carry out Pseudo Proxy Experiments (PPE). The performance of the variants of the analog method is evaluated through a series of PPEs in growing complexity, from a perfect scenario to a realistic one where the pseudo-proxy records are contaminated with noise and missing values mimicking the limitations of actual proxies. From all the tests carried out, we can conclude that the analog pool provided by PMIP3 ensemble is large enough to reconstruct global annual temperatures during the Common Era. Further, the search of analogs based on a metric that minimises the RMSE outperforms other evaluated metrics, including the search of analogs in the range-reduced space expanded by the leading EOFs. We show how the method is able to extrapolate the information of the proxy network to produce a homogeneous gap-free climate field reconstruction with valuable information in areas barely covered by proxies. Finally, the method is applied to reconstruct the HadCRUT4 observed temperature based on the calibration of the proxies. The reconstructed fields reproduce the observed decadal temperature variability. The AM-CFR is a suitable tool which is able to deliver valuable climate field reconstructions for the Common Era.
High-resolution daily gridded data sets of air temperature and wind speed for Europe
Authors: Brinckmann Sven , Krähenmann Stefan , Bissolli Peter
Published: October 2016

Abstract. New high-resolution data sets for near-surface daily air temperature (minimum, maximum and mean) and daily mean wind speed for Europe (the CORDEX domain) are provided for the period 2001–2010 for the purpose of regional model validation in the framework of DecReg, a sub-project of the German MiKlip project, which aims to develop decadal climate predictions. The main input data sources are SYNOP observations, partly supplemented by station data from the ECA&D data set (http://www.ecad.eu). These data are quality tested to eliminate erroneous data. By spatial interpolation of these station observations, grid data in a resolution of 0.044° (≈ 5km) on a rotated grid with virtual North Pole at 39.25° N, 162° W are derived. For temperature interpolation a modified version of a regression kriging method developed by Krähenmann et al.(2011) is used. At first, predictor fields of altitude, continentality and zonal mean temperature are used for a regression applied to monthly station data. The residuals of the monthly regression and the deviations of the daily data from the monthly averages are interpolated using simple kriging in a second and third step. For wind speed a new method based on the concept used for temperature was developed, involving predictor fields of exposure, roughness length, coastal distance and ERA-Interim reanalysis wind speed at 850 hPa. Interpolation uncertainty is estimated by means of the kriging variance and regression uncertainties. Furthermore, to assess the quality of the final daily grid data, cross validation is performed. Variance explained by the regression ranges from 70 to 90 % for monthly temperature and from 50 to 60 % for monthly wind speed. The resulting RMSE for the final daily grid data amounts to 1–2 K and 1–1.5 ms−1 (depending on season and parameter) for daily temperature parameters and daily mean wind speed, respectively. The data sets presented in this article are published at doi:10.5676/DWD_CDC/DECREG0110v2.
Local and regional smoke impacts from prescribed fires
Authors: Price Owen F. , Horsey Bronwyn , Jiang Ningbo
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Smoke from wildfires poses a significant threat to affected communities. Prescribed burning is conducted to reduce the extent and potential damage of wildfires, but produces its own smoke threat. Planners of prescribed fires model the likely dispersion of smoke to help manage the impacts on local communities. Significant uncertainty remains about the actual smoke impact from prescribed fires, especially near the fire, and the accuracy of smoke dispersal models. To address this uncertainty, a detailed study of smoke dispersal was conducted for one small (52 ha) and one large (700 ha) prescribed fire near Appin in New South Wales, Australia, through the use of stationary and handheld pollution monitors, visual observations and rain radar data, and by comparing observations to predictions from an atmospheric dispersion model. The 52 ha fire produced a smoke plume about 800 m high and 9 km long. Particle concentrations (PM2.5) reached very high peak values (> 400 µg m−3) and high 24 h average values (> 100 µg m−3) at several locations next to or within ∼ 500 m downwind from the fire, but low levels elsewhere. The 700 ha fire produced a much larger plume, peaking at ∼ 2000 m altitude and affecting downwind areas up to 14 km away. Both peak and 24 h average PM2.5 values near the fire were lower than for the 52 ha fire, but this may be because the monitoring locations were further away from the fire. Some lofted smoke spread north against the ground-level wind direction. Smoke from this fire collapsed to the ground during the night at different times in different locations. Although it is hard to attribute particle concentrations definitively to smoke, it seems that the collapsed plume affected a huge area including the towns of Wollongong, Bargo, Oakdale, Camden and Campbelltown (∼ 1200 km2). PM2.5 concentrations up to 169 µg m−3 were recorded on the morning following the fire. The atmospheric dispersion model accurately predicted the general behaviour of both plumes in the early phases of the fires, but was poor at predicting fine-scale variation in particulate concentrations (e.g. places 500 m from the fire). The correlation between predicted and observed varied between 0 and 0.87 depending on location. The model also completely failed to predict the night-time collapse of the plume from the 700 ha fire. This study provides a preliminary insight into the potential for large impacts from prescribed fire smoke to NSW communities and the need for increased accuracy in smoke dispersion modelling. More research is needed to better understand when and why such impacts might occur and provide better predictions of pollution risk.
Development of a decision support system for tsunami evacuation in the South China Sea region
Authors: Hou Jingming , Yuan Ye , Wang Peitao , Ren Zhiyuan , Li Xiaojuan
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Major tsunami disasters often cause great damage in the few hours following an earthquake. The possible severity of such events requires preparations to prevent tsunami disasters or mitigate them. This paper develops a decision support system for rapid tsunami evacuation for local decision makers in the South China Sea region. Based on an analysis of tsunami seismic source characteristics in the South China Sea region, this system uses Geographical Information System techniques to quickly assess the extent of tsunami impact and the tsunami propagation time. Because numerical models are not calculated, this system can save some time. Some vulnerability factors, such as elevation, offshore distance and population distribution are analyzed to identify areas of high-risk of tsunami. Combined with some kinds of spatial data, this system can constrain evacuation costs and forecast road congestion to support decision-making for tsunami evacuation in high-risk areas. When an earthquake and tsunami occur, this system can rapidly determine areas of high risk of tsunami and provide the evacuation cost and congestion-prone roads to assist with tsunami evacuation operations.
A hybrid variational-ensemble data assimilation scheme with systematic error
correction for limited-area ocean models
Authors: Oddo Paolo , Storto Andrea , Dobricic Srdjan , Russo Aniello , Lewis Craig , Onken Reiner , Coelho Emanuel
Published: October 2016

Abstract. A hybrid variational-ensemble data assimilation scheme to estimate the vertical and horizontal parts of the background error covariance matrix for an ocean variational data assimilation system is presented and tested in a limited-area ocean model implemented in the western Mediterranean Sea. An extensive data set collected during the Recognized Environmental Picture Experiments conducted in June 2014 by the Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation has been used for assimilation and validation. The hybrid scheme is used to both correct the systematic error introduced in the system from the external forcing (initialisation, lateral and surface open boundary conditions) and model parameterisation, and improve the representation of small-scale errors in the background error covariance matrix. An ensemble system is run offline for further use in the hybrid scheme, generated through perturbation of assimilated observations. Results of four different experiments have been compared. The reference experiment uses the classical stationary formulation of the background error covariance matrix and has no systematic error correction. The other three experiments account for, or not, systematic error correction and hybrid background error covariance matrix combining the static and the ensemble-derived errors of the day. Results show that the hybrid scheme when used in conjunction with the systematic error correction reduces the mean absolute error of temperature and salinity misfit by 55 and 42 % respectively, versus statistics arising from standard climatological covariances without systematic error correction.
Short-Term Results with a Constrained Acetabular Liner in Patients at High Risk of Dislocation after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Gill Kathryn , Whitehouse Sarah L. , Hubble Matthew J.W. , Wilson Matthew J.
Published: October 2016

Background

Dislocation following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a complication with an incidence of 2%-5%. This study examines the clinical and radiological outcome of a constrained acetabular implant used in primary THA in high-risk patients to prevent dislocation.

Methods

54 patients with 55 constrained implants for primary THA were reviewed clinically and radiologically. Oxford, Harris Hip and Charlson scores were recorded.

Results

54 patients, with an average age of 83.2 years, were followed up at a mean of 44.9 (20-74) months. 38 had an hydroxyapatite- (HA) coated acetabular shell with a constrained insert and 17 had a cemented constrained implant. The median Charlson score at surgery was 5 (4-10). There were significant improvements in Oxford, Harris hip pain and function scores and Charnley pain after surgery. 2 patients had radiolucent lines on the most recent radiograph. Neither was symptomatic and the acetabular components had not migrated. 3 patients developed postoperative infection, 1 deep requiring a 2-stage revision. Of the 29 patients who died, 1 required revision 2 months following surgery for dislocation of the constrained liner. This patient died 26 months later from unrelated causes having had no further complications from her surgery. There have been no further revisions or reoperations for dislocation in any of the other cases.

Conclusions

The use of a constrained acetabular liner at primary THA in high risk patients for dislocation can successfully prevent this complication without increasing component loosening. In this series of 55 constrained implants we have a postoperative dislocation rate of 1.8%.
The DRIL procedure for arteriovenous access ischemic steal: a controversial approach
Authors: Davidson Ingemar , Beathard Gerald , Gallieni Maurizio , Ross John
Published: October 2016

The DRIL procedure first described in 1988 has long been considered the preferred treatment for arteriovenous access ischemic steal (AVAIS). At the time it was a brilliant concept and breakthrough. In the last decade, the DRIL procedure has become less used. With the increasing age of the dialysis population, patients developing AVAIS are more likely to be elderly with advanced peripheral arterial disease, making the distal revascularization anastomosis difficult and risky if not impossible to perform. In addition, the distal ligation of the main artery to the arm is something most surgeons are reluctant to do. The occlusion of the arterial bypass over time is not uncommon with recurrence of hand ischemia. The multistep DRIL procedure requires general anesthesia and the need to harvest the saphenous vein for the bypass, add to the surgical risk in patients with multiple co-morbidities. For these reasons, some surgeons prefer to do only the DR (distal re-vascularization) portion of the procedure omitting the IL (interval ligation). Increasing the bypass distance from the original anastomosis, makes this modification similar to the less invasive proximal arterial inflow (PAI) procedure.

Conclusions

Because of changes in the patient population clinical presentation, most notably forearm atherosclerosis and with new technologies, this editorial addresses the current validity of the DRIL procedure as a safe option in treating AVAIS.
The Rights of the Dying Child and the Duties of Healthcare Providers: The “Trieste Charter”
Authors: Benini Franca , Vecchi Roberta , Lazzarin Pierina , Jankovic Momcilo , Orsi Luciano , Manfredini Luca , Drigo Paola , Sellaroli Valentina , Gangemi Michele , Spizzichino Marco , Orzalesi Marcello
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The death of a child is a devastating and tragic event for all those involved. This charter aims to help healthcare workers and people assisting terminally ill children to recognize some important rights of the child, with some related suggestions. We consider it important to have a trace of this process, based on the skillfulness of long-lasting experts.

Methods

In September 2012, a group of professionals working with children affected by incurable illness in Italy launched a project to formulate the charter. Trieste is the city where the group of professionals first met to start the project. The first step was a detailed literature search on the topic, the second step was an extensive discussion among the professionals (writing committee) to prepare a first draft; later (third step) the draft was revised by 38 experts in different areas, including patient and family representatives, and lastly (fourth step) the final version of the charter was prepared.

Results

We developed a document containing 10 rights and corresponding duties that could be applied to any clinical situation or circumstances and used as a guide by professionals and families caring for children in the terminal stages of an illness.

Conclusions

The Trieste Charter proposes fundamental rights for children who are approaching the end of their lives. The charter will have achieved its purpose when every person caring for a dying child is capable of staying near the child until the last moments of his or her life, prepared to accept his or her death, ensuring both respect and dignity.
Rare Metastatic Sites of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Urethra and Spermatic Cord
Authors: Pirola Giacomo M. , Martorana Eugenio , Fidanza Francesco A. , Bonetti Luca Reggiani , Puliatti Stefano , Bonora Alessandra , Micali Salvatore , Bianchi Giampaolo
Published: October 2016

Introduction

About 20% of patients with a diagnosis of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) present directly with metastatic disease. The aim of the present manuscript is to describe, for the first time a RCC metastasis located to the distal female urethra and to present an update on metastatic locations to the male spermatic cord.

Materials and methods

We report two cases of rare RCC metastases. The first concerns a 92-year-old female patient who came to our attention for recurrent urethral bleeding, which was initially believed to be secondary to urethral mucosal ectropion. Pathology demonstrated a RCC metastasis. The second concerns a 67-year-old male patient with a previous history of RCC who came to our attention for the finding of palpable, mobile and indolent right inguinal lump. Given the past history of malignancy, it was excised and revealed to be a RCC metastasis.

Discussion

In the first case, the pathologic specimen allowed the detection of an unknown renal tumor, whereas in the second, the previous neoplastic history of the patient has led clinicians to focus on a possible neoplastic recurrence, perform a correct excision of the node, and begin an early systemic therapy.

Conclusions

These cases are emblematic of possible unexpected RCC metastasis. These findings should be taken into account in order to clarify the differential diagnosis and to address these patients to a correct therapeutic course.
Recasting the typology of multiple wh-fronting: Evidence from Pontic Greek
Authors: Michelioudakis Dimitris , Sitaridou Ioanna
Published: October 2016

In this paper we revisit and revise the typology of multiple questions and multiple wh-fronting (MWF) in the light of data from Romeyka, a Greek variety spoken in Pontus, Turkey, and from another Pontic Greek variety spoken in northern Greece. Both varieties provide evidence for wh-fronting as focus movement, their most striking feature being the availability of single-pair interpretations in spite of strict Superiority. It turns out that the parametric system deriving the space of variation in multiple wh-fronting must be extended to accommodate the facts presented here, which seem to instantiate a further type of MWF (with a corresponding type of non-MWF languages), not predicted by the existing typology. At the same time, put in a cross-linguistic perspective, the Romeyka facts may help us uncover independent restrictions on the possibilities that this parametric system makes available. We propose that the availability of peripheral positions and their activation in the left or low periphery may be a point of parametric variation. Furthermore, still complying with Bošković’s (2007) theory of Attract-1/all, certain Focus heads can be Attract-1, thus deriving the compatibility of Superiority with single pair readings. Finally, we present some speculations about a potential correlation between word order/head directionality in the clausal domain and the kind of information structure-related head (e.g. Topic vs. Focus) that can take on an Attract-1 feature.
Caracterização das condições de saúde e do risco de quedas em uma população idosa
Authors: Simon Myra Rafaela , Dal Molin Vinícius , DeMarco Mariângela , Zanin Caroline , Wibelinger Lia Mara
Published: October 2016

As alterações decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento, evidenciadas pela diminuição da força muscular, da amplitude de movimento, da velocidade de contração muscular, da acuidade visual e auditiva e pelas alterações posturais influenciam a mobilidade funcional e o equilíbrio em idosos. Essas alterações podem acarretar alguns prejuízos para o idoso, como o aumento do risco de quedas e a redução do nível de independência funcional. A amostra foi composta por 76 idosos, a maioria do gênero feminino, na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos, casada, com baixas escolaridade e renda. Os indivíduos portam alguma doença associada, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica a mais relatada, fazem uso de medicamentos e de óculos para correção de problemas visuais. A maior parte dos idosos que sofreu quedas nos últimos seis meses apresentava um ou mais fatores de risco para quedas, evidenciando a probabilidade de que o uso de medicamento, a presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular e alterações visuais podem aumentar, efetivamente, o risco de quedas nessa população.
A necessidade de avaliação do impacto econômico da intervenção nutricional na prevenção ou tratamento da doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Muñoz Fernández Shirley Steffany , Lima Ribeiro Sandra Maria , Cavallini Cyrillo Denise
Published: October 2016

As demências afetam mais de 35,6 milhões de pessoas no mundo. Dessas, de 50% a 70% são identificadas como prováveis doenças de Alzheimer. A doença de Alzheimer é considerada uma das principais causas de incapacitação, que afeta não só o paciente, mas também seus cuidadores. Além disso, a doença de Alzheimer representa uma alta carga financeira para a sociedade. Atualmente, têm sido propostas alternativas, de natureza farmacológica ou não, que visam postergar o desenvolvimento ou o avanço da doença. Adiar o início da doença, mesmo que por alguns anos, significa a redução desde impacto na economia. Nesse contexto, a prevenção mediante estratégias nutricionais é um importante aspecto a ser investigado. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que os nutrientes exercem um papel fundamental nas estruturas e no funcionamento do cérebro, são, portanto, importantes nas ações preventivas ou de tratamento da doença de Alzheimer. Com base nessa fundamentação, o objetivo do artigo é realizar uma revisão narrativa, de análise qualitativa, para identificar o impacto econômico das intervenções nutricionais de prevenção ou manejo da doença de Alzheimer. Os achados apontaram falta de evidências da avaliação econômica nesse tipo de intervenções, porém, foi possível extrapolar análises similares realizadas com outras doenças crônicas. Observa-se, em geral, que as estratégias nutricionais, comparadas com outras terapias, são consideradas custo-efetivas.
The Ethnographic Description and Analysis for Culture of Hajj-Ceremonies Performance and Its Impact on Public Social Relations in Shooshtar City (Iran)
Authors: Gholizadeh Azar , Navarbafzadeh Mahmoud
Published: October 2016

Ten thousand thousands of people move from their own homeland and city toward Hejaz every year in order to perform hajj minor (Omareh Mofradeh) and major (Hajj Tamatto) pilgrimages as one of the most splendid religious prayers of Muslims. The Hajj culture is one of the precious, dynamic, and live sources of which the spirit of life, morality, and philosophy of life is induced and inspired. It familiarizes public emotion and insight within framework of rites and ceremonial activities by the aid of its latent values, norms, mysteries, and secrets. It is hereby followed by a pleasant pattern for life and dramatic effect in social ties. The present article is intended to conduct an ethnographic description and analysis on Hajj culture and its impact on public social relations among people of Shooshtar city (Iran, Khuzestan province) through employing ethnographical technique and for the sake of data collection some tools have been utilized including oral history, observation, and in-depth interview. The resultant findings have signified this point that hajj culture might noticeably effect on social ties and relations where this significant effect is surely visible in ethnic customs and ceremonies of the people. The people hold this ceremony with a lot of enthusiasm and eager similar to the past that is deemed as a type of thanksgiving and prayer for God as creator. Despite of public eager and enthusiasm for participation and holding these ceremonies and rites, the lavish luxuriousness phenomenon has been accustomed in their performance as well that caused their social relations not to be proportionally performed to cultural values of hajj and in other words a type of haughtiness, masquerading, and envy has been observed in performing these ceremonies and rites.
Iran’s Constitutional Revolution and Religious Reactions to It
Authors: Dezfuli Seyed Milad Kashefi Pour
Published: October 2016

Half a century of intellectual debates and efforts to political reforms following Iran’s defeat against Czarist Russian Empire at two series of wars at 1810s and 1820s, led to the Constitutional Revolution of 1906 which put an end to a thousand-year-old despotic monarchical order. However, the success of the revolution and the establishment of Iran’s first legislative Assembly (Majlis) didn’t ended controversy between advocates of traditional order and widespread front of supporters of modernism which was begun decades earlier. New ruling system with its modern institutions could not satisfy opponents of modernism and supporters of traditional monarchy. From decades before Constitutional revolution, introduction of modern concepts had created rifts in the content of traditional ones but so far as these modern concepts hadn’t turned to parts of socio-political realities of the country and hadn’t unsettled traditional order, controversy between advocates and opponents of modernism couldn’t transform into an all-out and pervasive conflict. It was then that traditionalists realized the depth of dangers modern concepts can present against traditional political order.
Role of Working Memory Updating and Working Memory Capacity in Moderating the Relationship between Impulsivity with Propensity of Risk Taking Behaviors and Decision Making in Boy Adolescents
Authors: Khorasani Amir Hamzeh , Vafaei Maria E. Aguilar , Nejati Vahid , Abadi Hamidreza Hassan
Published: October 2016

In this research, authors examine how individual differences in working memory capacity and Working Memory updating influence differences in impulsivity in risky decision making and behaviors. This study makes attempt to address extension of related works on the relationship between working memory, impulsivity and risky decision making and behaviors in adolescents. A large sample (420) of boy secondary grade students involved in this research; this study indicated that working memory capacity and updating Working Memory moderate some of impulsivity and high risk behaviors and decision making. Individuals with low working memory capacity and high impulsivity compared to individuals with high working memory capacity and high impulsivity are more likely subjected to risky decision making. Further, high risk behaviors are more salient in individuals with low updating Working Memory and high impulsivity. 
The Nature and Effects of Institution of Postponement of Criminal Verdict Issuance in Iran’s Law
Authors: Momeni Mahdi , Dadkhah Hossein
Published: October 2016

One of the mentioned legal institutions in fifth chapter of Islamic penal law is the postponement of criminal verdict issuance axiom. Surely application of this institution in Iran’s criminal law is due to attaining special goals. Goals like prevention of perpetration of a crime, rehabilitation of criminal, could be mentioned as two goals associated with the postponement of criminal verdict issuance in the legal system of Iran. Postponement of verdict issuance could be done in two ways; simple postponement or under surveillance. In under surveillance postponement law makers have regulated some obligatory and some optional commitments on criminal. Most of these obligations are made to reform the character of criminal or in order to prevent the reappearance of the criminal in crimeful environments. In present study along with considering the institution of postponement of criminal verdict issuance, the foundation of this penal institution in new penal law is examined.
Functions of Social Traditions in Tendency of Polytheists of the Arabian Peninsula to Islam (Case Study: Ethnic and Tribal Relations)
Authors: Alemi Khadija
Published: October 2016

There have been traditions and customs among all peoples in the past so far. What is important is Functions of social traditions that it can be assessed as such how it would be used. Societies that do not tend to social changes use the traditions on the regressive path; but it does not mean that the traditions always so resist stubbornly against the reform and modernization. But if the functions of tradition replaced in the direction of reform and social changes, its positive functions will be used. Hence, the Prophet of Islam in the ad of Islam not only did not take action to remove the prevailing traditions but also used its positive functions. In this article it is argued that: How Functions of social traditions have been in tendency of polytheists of Arabian Peninsula to Islam? In response to this question, the main claim is as follows: positive and negative Functions of social traditions in the form of content and quantity, have had significant effect in individual and quite a few cases group tendency of polytheists of Arabian Peninsula to Islam.

Access to this entry that the customs and traditions prevalent among nations and peoples are not only constitutive of the past but in line with reform and social changes can also be used form their positive functions; including the achievements of research.
Semiotic Analysis of Prominent Myths of the Movie “Qeysar”
Authors: Sharghi Marzieh , Fayyaz Ebrahim , Kausari Masoud
Published: October 2016

Myths play an important role in our understanding of the general and specific phenomena around. The myth of a nation with the general characteristics and their details are reflective, commentators and unique image that people have discovered. Thus, the study of myth, for both the individual and society both in terms of human culture, is very important. In this article, movie “Qeysar” by Masoud Kimiaee examined in terms of the myth and with the help of the application of semiotics myths enjoying great views of Freud, Jung, Roland Barthes and Mircea Eliade, we have analyzed.
Transmisión de Conocimiento y Análisis de Redes Sociales: implementación de métodos mixtos de investigación en un estudio sobre producción textil comunitaria.
Authors: Castro Mora del Pilar
Published: October 2016

Este artículo discute consideraciones metodológicas referidas a los diseños de investigación que integran metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas que consolidan el proceso de análisis. Se presenta un estudio que articula la metodología etnográfica con el desarrollo de un modelo reticular que aborda la transmisión de conocimiento de la producción textil comunitaria. Se propone un análisis comparativo en dos comunidades indígenas en Argentina, con una trayectoria de actividad textil rastreable al siglo XIX. El modelo se construye a partir del mapeo de integrantes de las comunidades vinculados por lazos de enseñanza y se indaga en 1) índices de centralidad y su distribución, 2) características de los nodos (generación y unidad doméstica) en relación con el índice de out-degree y, 3) sub-grupos, puntos de corte y puentes. La interpretación conjunta de los datos y su visualización, integra distintos niveles del proceso de transmisión comunitaria a través del tiempo. El modelo propuesto abre nuevos aproximaciones sobre la articulación entre los resultados de las métricas del Análisis de Redes Sociales y la profundización en el estudio de los circuitos de transmisión de información, considerando las características estructurales de los grafos y la dinámica interrelación entre niveles de análisis.
La estructura del sistema científico de México a finales del siglo XX: una visión a nivel de instituciones
Authors: Ruiz León Alejandro Arnulfo , Russell Barnard Jane Margaret
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se analiza el sistema científico mexicano consideraron la colaboración y el reconocimiento en la identificación de comunidades científicas institucionales, para lo cual se construyeron redes a nivel de instituciones usando la información sobre producción científica de México indizada en la base de datos Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection de 1981 a 2003. Se usaron tres técnicas para analizar el sistema científico: 1) subredes de máxima colaboración, 2) subredes de máximo reconocimiento, 3) Visualización de semejanzas para determinar la estructura del sistema científico. El análisis se hizo considerando los 22 campos temáticos en conjunto y también en forma individual. Se observó que las universidades e instituciones de educación superior fueron la base de las comunidades científicas en las redes institucionales en cada uno de los 22 campos, destacando el papel central de la UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO (UNAM). En promedio: las comunidades en cada campo estuvieron conformadas por 12 instituciones y en total se identificaron 50 instituciones en el análisis de los 22 campos. En la estructura científica nacional se observa la relevancia del campo en Medicina Clínica, donde la Secretaría de Salud fue la institución con mayor producción.
Comportamento Organizacional em Redes no Brasil: um estudo no Setor Hospitalar
Authors: Miranda Gabriela Nascimento Valladares , Martins Henrique Cordeiro , Oliveira Ronielton Rezende
Published: October 2016

O trabalho descreve de que maneira a forma de relacionamento entre hospitais implica em dinâmicas de competição, cooperação e aprendizagem organizacional, de modo a contribuir para o conhecimento na formação de redes interorganizacionais no setor hospitalar. Por meio de um modelo hipotético em uma pesquisa quantitativa, os construtos atuação em redes, cooperação, política de relacionamento, aprendizagem relacional, fragmentação da rede e competição, foram avaliados sob a teoria de análise de redes sociais. A pesquisa compreende 100% dos serviços hospitalares da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória, estado do Espirito Santo, Brasil. Os resultados apontam um potencial de crescimento e a tendência positiva à política de relacionamento entre os hospitais, porém uma média tendência na fragmentação, intervindo nas relações interorganizacionais.