bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Work–Family Conflict and Enhancement on the Wellbeing of the Self-Employed and Their Spouses: A Dyadic Analysis
Authors: Alshibani Safiya Mukhtar , Olaru Doina , Volery Thierry
Published: July 2023

This study examines the effect of work–family conflict (WFC) and work–family enhancement (WFE) on the wellbeing of the self-employed and their spouses. Adopting a dyadic perspective, our analysis focuses on three dimensions of wellbeing: physical health, mental health and life satisfaction. Using the Spillover and Crossover Model as theoretical framework and the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model as an estimation technique, we investigate how work–family conflict and enhancement among the self-employed and their spouses were associated to their individual and mutual wellbeing. The analysis revealed a strong actor and partner effect, such that one’s own perception of WFC undermined the wellbeing for both the self-employed and their spouses. Further, WFE was associated with an improvement in wellbeing, mainly for the self-employed, and not their spouses. The results partially supported the ‘crossover hypothesis’, suggesting that launching a new business is a stressful endeavour at the dyadic level of the self-employed and their spouses.
Predictive analysis of the scoliotic curve using a subject’s 3D model
Authors: Breskovic Tomas , Stefanovic Branko , Bednarcikova Lucia , Ferencik Norbert , Ondrejova Bibiana , Zivcak Jozef
Published: July 2023

A predictive analysis of the conservative scoliosis treatment is necessary, in which a 3D model of an optimal treatment algorithm is a basic part in the design of a prosthetic corset. Since CAD technology has proven to be very useful in the field of prosthetics and orthotics, we used an open-source software to plan the correction of the scoliotic curve on a virtual model of the subject’s torso. The shape of the scoliosis was simplified by means of a directional polygon, which was drawn in a reverse manner depending on the directional arcs of the scoliotic curve. The resulting scoliosis correction, simulated in a predictive analysis, was defined by changing the Cobb angle, eccentricity, and torso height. With the proposed low-cost method of predictive analysis, it is possible to help CPOs to a more accurate and effective design of orthoses and corrective aids and to comprehensively determine the entire treatment procedure.
Fade In, Fade Out: Do Shifts in Visual Perspective Predict the Consistency of Real-World Memories?
Authors: Wardell Victoria , Jameson Taylyn , Bontkes Oliver J. R. , Le M. Lindy , Duan Tz-yu , St. Jacques Peggy L. , Madan Christopher R. , Palombo Daniela J.
Published: July 2023

Memories of our personal past are not exact accounts of what occurred. Instead, memory reconstructs the past in adaptive—though not always faithful—ways. Using a naturalistic design, we asked how the visual perspective adopted in the mind’s eye when recalling the past—namely, an “own eyes” versus “observer” perspective—relates to the stability of autobiographical memories. We hypothesized that changes in visual perspective over time would predict poorer consistency of memories. Young adults ( N = 178) rated the phenomenology of and freely recalled self-selected memories of everyday events at two time points (10 weeks apart). Multilevel linear modeling revealed, as expected, that greater shifts in visual perspective over time predicted lower memory consistency, particularly for emotional details. Our results offer insight into the factors that predict the fidelity of memories for everyday events. Moreover, our results may elucidate new metrics that are useful in interpreting eyewitness testimony or experiences relayed in clinical contexts.
Food Corporation of India: Making Public Procurement More Inclusive and Efficient
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Dey Kushankur , Gupta Kriti Bardhan
Published: July 2023

This case concerns the issue of enhancing the inclusivity and efficiency of public procurement operations undertaken by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) in Uttar Pradesh. The FCI was the premier central government agency entrusted with efficient management of minimum support price (MSP)-based public procurement operations, maintenance of buffer stocks for ensuring food security and assisting states in operating their public distribution systems.

The Uttar Pradesh region came under the north zone of the FCI. Mr Girish Kumar, General Manager of Uttar Pradesh region of the FCI, was exploring ways to make procurement operations inclusive and efficient. Girish received feedback from a brainstorming session of the procurement team in which recommendations of a recently conducted concurrent evaluation study of public procurement in Uttar Pradesh were discussed. He wanted to amalgamate his domain knowledge with insights from the concurrent evaluation study for an actionable plan to design a more inclusive and efficient MSP-based public procurement system.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Crisis Narratives and Social Construction of Risk: Comparative Case Studies of China and India
Authors: Hossain Md Farid , Shi Yuda , Jahan Munira
Published: July 2023

COVID-19 is the greatest challenge the world has faced since World War II. By investigating two case countries—China and India, this study explains the variance based on the theory of the ‘social construction of risk’ concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Does an individual country’s culture, style of governance, construction of risk, and communication affect the management of COVID-19? Findings reveal that the variations of risk construction and communication of narratives play a pivotal role in building the public perception of crisis. Cultural homogeneity and collectivism, the constitutional setting for policymaking risk narratives and communication, are crucial determinants of effective crisis management, and many states lacking these factors suffer profound difficulties. Regarding these, China is more successful than India in creating the social construction of the risk of COVID-19 crisis narratives. The policy implication of this study helps the government find a better approach to persuade its citizens to comply with the public health policy in case of an emergency.
Surgery for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Following Cleft Palate Repair: An Audit of Contemporary Practice and Proposed Schema of Techniques and Variations
Authors: Tse Raymond W. , Sie Kathleen C. , Tollefson Travis T. , Jackson Oksana A. , Kirshner Richard , Fisher David M. , Bly Randall , Arneja Jugpal S. , Dahl John P. , Soldanska Magdalena , Sitzman Thomas J.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Surgical treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) includes a wide array of procedures. The purpose of this study was to develop a classification for VPI procedures and to describe variations in how they are performed. Design/participants/setting/outcomes: We completed an in-depth review of the literature to develop a preliminary schema that encompassed existing VPI procedures. Forty-one cleft surgeons from twelve hospitals across the USA and Canada reviewed the schema and either confirmed that it encompassed all VPI procedures they performed or requested additions. Two surgeons then observed the conduct of the procedures by surgeons at each hospital. Standardized reports were completed with each visit to further explore the literature, refine the schema, and delineate the common and unique aspects of each surgeon's technique.

Results

Procedures were divided into three groups: palate-based surgery; pharynx-based surgery; and augmentation. Palate-based operations included straight line mucosal incision with intravelar veloplasty, double-opposing Z-plasty, and palate lengthening with buccal myomucosal flaps. Many surgeons blended maneuvers from these three techniques, so a more descriptive schema was developed classifying the maneuvers employed on the oral mucosa, nasal mucosa, and muscle. Pharynx-based surgery included pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, with variations in design for each. Augmentation procedures included palate and posterior wall augmentation.

Conclusions

A comprehensive schema for VPI procedures was developed incorporating intentional adaptations in technique. There was substantial variation amongst surgeons in how each procedure was performed. The schema may enable more specific evaluations of surgical outcomes and exploration of the mechanisms through which these procedures improve speech.
Numerical study on the effects of oblique impact on the ballistic behavior of 3D angle interlock woven fabric
Authors: Wei Qingsong , Yang Dan , Pan Zhongxiang
Published: July 2023

3D angle interlock woven fabric(3DAWF) has great potential for impact protection. This paper investigates the ballistic mechanism of 3DAWF(5 layers of angle interlock – through the thickness) under normal and oblique impact. The full-size mesoscale model of 3DAWF under different impact directions and angles was established and systematically studied to reveal the 3DAWFs’ ballistic mechanism. The numerical studies of 3DAWF subjected to 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° oblique impacts from two impact directions along 3DAWF structure configurations were carried out. We found that 3DAWFs’ ballistic performance increases non-linearly with impact obliquity. The ballistic mechanisms change with impact directions because of 3DAWFs’ anisotropic structure. This work also demonstrates the impact damage mechanism, energy absorption evolution, and stress wave distribution of the 3DAWF under oblique high-velocity impact. The findings are constructive for the 3DAWF applicated in ballistic protection.
U-bent Viabahn stent graft in the main left pulmonary artery in a hemodialysis patient after asymptomatic migration: Percutaneous removal and technical considerations
Authors: Quaretti Pietro , Corti Riccardo , D’Agostino Antonio Mauro , Cionfoli Nicola
Published: July 2023

Background:

Stent grafts (SG) have gained the highest level of evidence for superior management over angioplasty of arteriovenous graft (AVG) venous outflow stenosis, which increases their use in hemodialysis patients. Migration to the heart and lungs is the most feared complication of SG of the venous system.

Method:

We present a previously unreported case of asymptomatic migration of a 10-cm-long Viabahn lodged in a U-shaped configuration in the main left pulmonary artery after AVG intervention in a 50 year old male hemodialysis patient.

Results:

Through a single femoral access percutaneous retrieval of migrated SG was accomplished. Technique of coaxial buddy snaring technique is described.

Conclusion:

Our technique may expand the endovascular likelihood of successful stent removal.
The HOME-Health (HOusing, environMEnt, and Health) Study; Description of a Danish natural experiment, designed as a longitudinal study with repeated measurements, providing internal- and external validity of the study
Authors: Gabel Charlotte , Elholm Grethe , Rasmussen Mia Kruse , Broholt Thea Hauge , Jensen Stina Rask , Petersen Steffen , Sigsgaard Torben
Published: July 2023

Background:

The ambient and indoor environment are pivotal to our health. We spend most of our time indoors within our home, why our home is where we are most exposed to indoor pollutants and indoor air quality (IAQ). Populations within social housing areas are more vulnerable due to advanced age, co-morbidity and social economic status. Commonly, studies within social housing are cross-sectional, few Nordic longitudinal studies exist, and fewer studies combine quantitative and qualitative measurements in a mixed method approach.

Method:

This research proposal provides an extensive detailed description of the design and methodology of the HOME-Health study. The study is a longitudinal study and is a natural experiment employing structured surveys, objective measurements of indoor air parameters, lung function test and qualitative semi-structured interviews. Data collection are conducted seasonally (winter and summer), before and after building energy renovation (BER).

Generalisability:

The study population before BER (n = 432) was explored and found similar to the Danish social housing population in terms of age, gender, persons per apartment and migration status. Future analyses should be stratified by multi-family apartments and terraced houses.

Research aim:

The aim of the HOME-Health study is to provide knowledge about residents’ seasonal state of health, perception of indoor enviromental quality (IEQ), IEQ-related behaviours and practices, and objective measurements of IAQ before and after BER. By applying a design with repeated measurement before and after BER, and combining both objective and subjective quantitative as well as qualitative data the study is expected to create in-depth knowledge. Future results will provide evidence of both energy-savings and non-energy savings from different BER projects. Knowledge which are expected to benefit future renovation projects within social housing areas.
K-pop TikTok: TikTok's expansion into South Korea, TikTok Stage, and platformed glocalization
Authors: Abidin Crystal , Lee Jin
Published: July 2023

We examine how TikTok expanded into the South Korean landscape by utilizing K-pop as a vehicle, thus demonstrating the theory of ‘platformed glocalization’. After several failed attempts to enter the Korean market – having been stigmatized as a ‘vulgar Chinese app’ – TikTok Korea eventually launched a successful event series known as ‘TikTok Stage’ to leverage on the gaps in the K-pop market arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. While ‘platformization’ has been studied as the pervasive reach and impact of platforms on cultures, we showcase the potential for a variant that we term ‘platformed glocalization’, usually observed when domestic market cultures and their associated socio-politics are particularly strong. We investigate K-pop stars and fans’ ‘promotional labour’ during the events, which is essential in the process of platformed glocalization. We discuss how the mainstream entertainment industry and newly emerging social media platforms work in tandem to produce a market-specific mobilization of digital cultures.
In vitro degradation and dry sliding wear behaviour of AZ31-Sn/Al2O3 nano metal matrix composites in simulated body fluid for biomedical application
Authors: Ajay C Veera , Manisekar K , Mohammed K Thoufiq
Published: July 2023

In this research, tin was added to the AZ31/2Al2O3 magnesium metal matrix composite to investigate its influence on degradation rate in the presence of simulated body fluid (SBF) and wear behaviour in dry conditions. The AZ31- xSn/2Al2O3 ( x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%) composites were manufactured using the bottom pouring stir casting route. The microstructure of the manufactured AZ31/2Al2O3 and AZ31- xSn/2Al2O3 composites revealed that they were composed of the α-Mg solid solution and the intermetallic compound □-Mg17Al12, which was situated near the grain boundaries. When tin was added, the Sn-rich intermetallic compound Mg2Sn was formed, increasing the volume fraction of the Mg2Sn phase. Compared to AZ31/2Al2O3 composite, the wear test revealed that AZ31/2Al2O3 composites containing Sn particles exhibited a higher ability to generate more stable tribo-layers at higher applied loads, which protected the worn surface and reduced the wear rate. The wear resistance of composites was improved primarily by the behaviour of the tribo-layer in the wear process. The degradation rates (mm/year) of the AZ31 composites were carried out for 72 h in SBF. The degradation rate was reduced when the Sn content in the AZ31/2Al2O3 composite was increased to 6 wt% and then increased with further Sn addition. It was observed that when the amount of Sn particles increases up to 6 wt%, the severity of the degradation decreases.
Mid-term safety and efficacy of magnesium bioresorbable vascular scaffolds – magmaris in diabetic population. 2-Years outcome in acute coronary syndrome cohort
Authors: Włodarczak Adrian , Rola Piotr , Barycki Mateusz , Furtan Łukasz , Łanocha Magdalena , Włodarczak Szymon , Szudrowicz Marek , Kulczycki Jan Jakub , Jaroszewska-Pozorska Joanna , Kędzierska Michalina , Giniewicz Katarzyna , Doroszko Adrian , Lesiak Maciej
Published: July 2023

Background

Diabetes type 2 is one of the strongest risk factors affecting coronary artery disease (CAD) and is also a marker of poor short and long-term prognosis in subjects with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with subsequent drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Chronic local vascular inflammation along with endothelial dysfunction is postulated to be the pathophysiological background of unfavorable results. The second generation of metallic magnesium BRS –Magmaris (Biotronik, Berlin, Germany) had been introduced to clinical practice to overcome these limitations.

Methods

We evaluated 2-years clinical outcomes after Magmaris BRS implantation in NSTE-ACS diabetic ( n-72) and non-diabetic ( n-121) cohorts.

Results

No significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetes cohorts were noticed in terms of Primary Outcome (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis) (8.1% vs 3.3% p = 0.182) and Principal secondary outcome – TLF- target lesion failure (9.5% vs 3.3% p = 0.106) at 2-years follow-up.

Conclusions

2-years outcome suggests good safety and efficacy of the magnesium BRS (Magmaris) in NSTE- ACS and concomitant DM. Nevertheless, there is a strong need for large multicenter, randomized, prospective studies for a full assessment of this novel device in diabetic patients with ACS.
Creating a Longitudinal HCV Care Cascade for Persons With HIV/HCV Coinfection in Selected HIV Clinics Using Data to Care Methods
Authors: Brooks Ralph , Wegener Maximilian , Speers Suzanne , Nichols Lisa , Sideleau Robert , Valeriano Tequetta , Buchelli Marianne , Villanueva Merceditas
Published: July 2023

Highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments for hepatitis C have led to strategic goals promoting hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure particularly in focus populations including persons with HIV/HCV coinfection. Implementing treatment more broadly requires both clinic-level and public health approaches such as those inherent in Data to Care (D2C) originally developed to improve the treatment cascade for persons with HIV (PWH). We used D2C methods to characterize and improve HCV treatment for persons with HIV/HCV coinfection among 11 HIV clinics in Connecticut cities with high PWH prevalence. Providers who were local champions in HCV treatment were recruited to participate along with clinic data staff and were key to quality improvement via practice transformation. We developed a methodology whereby clinic-generated lists of PWH receiving care from 2009 to 2018 were matched by CT Department of Public Health (DPH) against the state-wide HCV surveillance system. The resultant coinfection list was reviewed by clinical staff who designated HCV treatment status, enabling creation of individual clinic-level HCV treatment cascades. Data from DPH, especially current residency and deaths, enabled better characterization and allowed for refinement of longitudinal cascades. There were 1,496 patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates varied by clinic (range, 44%–100%) with an aggregate SVR rate of 71% in September 2020. SVR rates improved during the project through a combination of increased treatment initiation/completion as well as data clean-up including serial updates of patient treatment status. Lack of treatment initiation was associated with being female (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18) and not having HIV viral suppression (OR = 3.24).
Characterizing Persons With HIV/HCV Coinfection Who Remain Untreated for Hepatitis C at Four HIV Clinics in Connecticut (CT): Role of Multiple Overlapping Barriers at the Individual and Clinic System Levels
Authors: Zhao Alice , Wegener Maximilian , Brooks Ralph , Mininberg Lena , Helou Elie , Maughan Ashly , Villanueva Merceditas
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Direct-acting antiviral medications have made hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure possible for >95% of persons with chronic HCV infection, including those coinfected with HIV. Achieving strategic HCV elimination targets requires an understanding of system, provider, and patient-level barriers to treatment. We explored such barriers among persons with HIV/HCV coinfection who remained untreated for HCV. Methods. Among four primary care HIV clinics in CT with high rates of HCV cure, 25 patients with HIV/HCV coinfection were eligible (no HCV treatment as of March 31, 2021). We conducted retrospective chart reviews of demographics, clinical practice patterns, patient-specific issues such as housing, transportation, food security, and presence of mental health and substance use problems. Results. Among untreated patients, 13 (51%) were female; 17 (68%) were Black; median age was 62 years old. The majority (84%) had injecting drug use (IDU) as HIV transmission risk factor; 14 (56%) were prescribed medication-assisted treatment. Median time since HIV and HCV diagnosis was 25 and 19 years, respectively. Clinic-level barriers were noted in 19 (76%) and included lack of evaluation, treatment not recommended or implemented. Concomitant structural barriers included unstable housing for 11 (44%) and lack of transportation for eight (32%). Most patients had history of illicit substance use (84%) and mental health issues (68%). Many (76%) had multiple potential barriers. Conclusions. Multiple overlapping barriers spanning clinic and patient level domains including social determinants of health were the norm in persons with long-standing HIV/HCV coinfection who have not received HCV treatment. Interventions will require innovative, multi-disciplinary and personalized approaches.
Expanded or Risk Factor-Based Annual Screening for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Among Persons With HIV: Which Is the Best Approach?
Authors: Hao Ritche , Brooks Ralph , Zelenev Alexei , Spinner Gary , Barakat Lydia , Villanueva Merceditas
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Universal one-time screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is recommended for all adults. For persons with HIV (PWH), guidelines recommend HCV screening at entry into care and annually in men who have unprotected sex with other men (MSM) and persons who inject drugs (PWID). Public health experts recommend expanded annual screening in all PWH given concerns for undiagnosed new HCV diagnoses when risk factors are not assessed. Electronic medical record (EMR) with clinical decision support using a Best Practice Advisory (BPA) tool can aid HCV risk factor assessment. We conducted a prospective study among three HIV clinics to compare the two screening approaches. Methods. Two clinics implemented the EMR-triggered risk factor-based screening; one clinic used the expanded screening approach. We evaluated BPA uptake and compared HCV testing and positivity rates from August 12, 2019 to March 12, 2020. Results. In the risk factor-based screening clinics, of 1,343 PWH, 239 tests were performed with 139 attributed to the BPA (testing rate 10%). At the expanded screening site, among 434 patients, 237 HCV tests were performed (testing rate 55%). The risk factor-based screening sites were less likely to test for HCV (odds ratio [OR] = 0.0884, p < .01) and identify positive cases (OR = 0.55, p = .025). Conclusions. An EMR-based clinical-decision support tool was successfully implemented for HCV risk factor-based screening resulting in a lower HCV annual screening rate compared with an expanded approach. Although in this group of HIV clinics with limited longitudinal follow-up, no previously undiagnosed HCV cases were detected, additional work is needed to guide the design of the best approach.
Hepatitis C Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Among People With HIV in South Texas
Authors: Allison Waridibo E. , Choi Aro N. , Kawasaki Keito , Desai Anmol , Tsevat Joel , Melhado Trisha V.
Published: July 2023

Direct-acting antivirals are overwhelmingly effective in curing hepatitis C (HCV). Barriers to HCV treatment exist for those co-infected with both HIV and HCV. Southern states represent the epicenter of the HIV epidemic in the United States. This study assessed HCV knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions in 318 co-infected individuals attending Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) clinics in three South Texas cities. Two groups were compared, those tested for HCV and aware of their results (Group 1) and those uncertain if they were tested or tested and unaware of their results (Group 2). HCV knowledge was poor overall. Group 1 had a significantly higher mean HCV knowledge score than Group 2 by t-test (48.6 vs. 38.8; p < .01), but not by multivariable linear regression (p=.14). Factors predictive of greater HCV knowledge included self-identification as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and post high school educational attainment. Significantly more in Group 1 compared with Group 2 agreed that HCV medications would keep a person healthier for longer. Spanish speakers were more likely to disagree with a statement that people of color receive the same treatment for hepatitis C as white people. Study limitations identified include poor generalizability to people with HIV (PWH) receiving care in non-RWHAP settings and rural communities. Despite limitations, this study augments the paucity of information about knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of HCV in PWH and can inform interventions to combat barriers to HCV treatment and to maximize opportunities for HCV screening, diagnosis, and linkage to curative care.
A continuous polytetrafluoroethylene foam-coating to glass fiber mat with superior self-cleaning, antistatic and high filtration efficiency performances
Authors: Chen Miaomiao , Chen Qi , Zeng Yongchun , Wang Hong
Published: July 2023

Air pollution has become a significant global environmental issue, leading to adverse health effects and respiratory diseases. To address this challenge, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane-based fibrous filters have gained popularity in the past decade. However, the thinness and low mechanical strength of ePTFE membranes make them susceptible to damage from particle collisions. As an alternative to ePTFE membranes, PTFE emulsion has emerged as a promising approach to enhance filtration efficiency. However, due to PTFE's low surface energy and high crystallinity, it is difficult for PTFE to self-bond into a membranes and adhere to substrates. Therefore, the filtration efficiency of PTFE-impregnated filter materials does not meet the requirements for ultra-low emissions, and they have poor wear resistance, resulting in a short service life. Herein, we fabricate a PTFE emulsion foam-coating membrane filter. The influences of the contents of PVA on the film morphology, air permeability, pore size and distribution, abrasive resistance and antistatic properties were analyzed. The self-cleaning performance was simulated and the filtration performance was measured as well. Notably, the frictional mass loss index of the PTFE emulsion foam-coating membrane filter was 0.07. After 30 cycles, the filtration efficiency was 98.93%, and the strip ratio was 91.03%. Our design of the PTFE emulsion foam-coating provided a new direction for the application of PTFE emulsion in the filtration field with superior self-cleaning, antistatic and high filtration efficiency performances.
What Does it Mean to Adopt a Trauma-Informed Approach to Research?: Reflections on a Participatory Project With Young People Seeking Asylum in the UK
Authors: Shankley William , Stalford Helen , Chase Elaine , Iusmen Ingi , Kreppner Jana
Published: July 2023

Trauma-informed (T-I) approaches to working with vulnerable people have gained popularity in practice but are rarely used in academic research and little is known about the challenges of conducting a T-I approach to participatory research. This paper reflects on our experiences of a participatory peer research project involving unaccompanied young people seeking asylum (16–25 years) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Whilst the project adhered to a robust ethical framework, it became apparent at an early stage in the empirical phase that our methods needed to acknowledge and accommodate the trauma of those involved in the project much more thoughtfully and effectively than our ethical framework suggested. With this in mind, we set about identifying the key elements of a T-I approach to research and how these might add value to research with vulnerable and marginalised populations. Our model of a T-I approach to peer research is framed around five core principles: working reflectively with those with lived experience; contextualising trauma; nurturing trust; showing care; and empowering those involved in and affected by the research.
Public perceptions and attitudes towards ex-offenders and their reintegration in Nigeria: A mixed-method study
Authors: Ike Tarela Juliet , Jidong Dung E , Ike Mieyebi L , Ayobi Evangelyn E
Published: July 2023

Reintegrating ex-offenders into society poses a significant global challenge, yet, it is fundamental to reducing recidivism. Nevertheless, there is research paucity exploring public perceptions and attitudes towards ex-offenders and their reintegration in Nigeria. This study makes an original contribution, drawing on a mixed-method approach underpinned by positivist and interpretivist epistemology to understand attitudes towards ex-offenders’ reintegration and whether there is a positive association between the level of education and the likelihood of accepting ex-offenders into society. In total, 1187 respondents completed survey questionnaires from states representing Nigeria’s main geopolitical zones affected by conflict. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The qualitative analysis involved a unique combination of social identity and boundary theories. The quantitative ambit reveals a correlation coefficient of r = .025, denoting a negative association between the level of education and reintegration. The qualitative analysis further finds a lack of confidence in ex-offenders’ genuine reintegration coupled with the perceived role of community trauma, which collectively fuels a negative social identity against the ex-offenders. Collectively, insight gained from the findings advances our knowledge on improving reintegration in countries affected through addressing trauma and stigma to encourage the successful reintegration of ex-offenders and avoid recidivism.
Satisfactory thumb metacarpophalangeal joint stability after ligament reconstruction with flexor digitorum superficialis in children with radial longitudinal deficiency
Authors: Sletten Ida Neergård , Jokihaara Jarkko , Stavenes Anne Birgit , Winge Mona Irene
Published: July 2023

We investigated thumb joint stability and patient-reported and functional outcomes a minimum of 1 year after flexor digitorum superficialis opponensplasty and ligament reconstruction in 23 thumbs of 20 consecutive children with radial longitudinal deficiency. In total, 15 thumbs had preoperative multidirectional instability in the metacarpophalangeal joint. We reconstructed 22 ulnar and 16 radial collateral ligaments. At follow-up, all the metacarpophalangeal joints were stable ulnarly. Seven metacarpophalangeal joints were unstable radially despite ligament reconstruction but had no related complaints. We recommend the flexor digitorum superficialis opponensplasty as a safe and reliable procedure in hypoplastic thumbs to create stability and augment thumb strength.

Level of evidence: IV
Molecular Cloning and Activity Study of the Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Brevinin-1EG From Pelophylax nigromaculatus
Authors: Wang Guixi , Li Wanyu , Tu Yungui , Chen Zhizhi , Song Yuzhu
Published: July 2023

Objective/Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs for fighting this disease. Recent studies have reported that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be used as anticancer drugs. Methods: We discovered brevinin-1EG, a novel antimicrobial peptide from Pelophylax nigromaculatus, using gene cloning techniques. Brevinin-1EG was then investigated for its structure and biological activity. Results: Brevinin-1EG, with an alpha-helical structure, showed broad-spectrum anti-proliferative activity against several cancer cell lines, including U-2OS, HepG2, HT-29, A375, HeLa, and A549 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 15 to 22 μg/mL. These same concentrations were insufficient to induce hemolysis in erythrocytes, indicating the safety of this molecule. Brevinin-1EG also exhibited antioxidant activity, scavenging ABTS·+ and DPPH free radicals. Conclusion: Brevinin-1EG has good safety and potential use as an anticancer therapeutic agent. It provides support for the research of new peptide drugs and templates for structural modification.
Teaching and Learning in COVID-19: Pandemic Quilt Storying
Authors: Ritchie Jenny , Phillips Louise G. , Brock Cynthia , Burke Geraldine , Cain Melissa , Campbell Chris , Coleman Kathryn , Davis Susan , Joosa Esther
Published: July 2023

Something changed during the pandemic; we attuned to a call. A call to action, breathing, support, activism, care, well-being, community, minimised mobilities, planetary health and our relations to all these things, and more. We are women working in education spaces across multiple communities, responsive to ongoing matters of concern (Latour, 2008), aware that our rhizomic connections have no middle or end. We use the method and metaphor of the quilt in this collaboration and hold quilting as a Feminist intervention, a return to her-stories and ways of knowing through story as we stitch together cultural and material stories of place. Our COVID-19 chronicles are a creative, collaborative exploration of the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on learning and teaching across our respective countries. This paper is a collaboration of critical auto-ethnographies (Holman Jones, 2016), quilted and stitched together by a group of education scholars who united to research the impact of online emergency teaching that forced education site closures globally. Through this collaborative image quilting, we curated responses to our initial 100-word stories of pandemic life in 2020, that we had posted on a collaborative Padlet. Feminist, storying, and ethnographic theory inform alignment and stitching of each 100-word patch.
An unusual case of small intestinal obstruction secondary to a large primary enterolith
Authors: de Silva G P U P , Rathnasena B G N , Karunadasa M S E
Published: July 2023

Enterolithiasis is an uncommon entity in humans but frequently seen in equine mammals. A primary enterolith is a mineral concretion formed within the gastrointestinal tract due to the alteration in the anatomical integrity due to variety of conditions resulting in intestinal stasis. We report a patient with small intestinal obstruction due to a primary enterolith. A 65-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with central colicky abdominal pain, absolute constipation followed by vomiting. An enterolith located in distal ileum causing small intestinal obstruction was established with the aid of abdominal X-ray radiograph and computed tomography. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to extract the enterolith and to resect a strictured proximal jejunal segment which was suspected to be the original site of enterolith formation. Chemical analysis of the enterolith supports the speculation of a proximally formed primary enterolith eventually migrating to the site of impaction in the terminal ileum.
Advancing the digital and computational capabilities of healthcare providers: A qualitative study of a hospital organisation in the NHS
Authors: Gardner John , Herron Daniel , McNally Nick , Williams Bryan
Published: July 2023

Objective

Healthcare systems require transformation to meet societal challenges and projected health demands. Digital and computational tools and approaches are fundamental to this transformation, and hospitals have a key role to play in their development and implementation. This paper reports on a study with the objective of exploring the challenges encountered by hospital leaders and innovators as they implement a strategy to become a data-driven hospital organisation. In doing so, this paper provides guidance to future leaders and innovators seeking to build computational and digital capabilities in complex clinical settings.

Methods

Interviews were undertaken with 42 participants associated with a large public hospital organisation within England's National Health Service. Using the concept of institutional readiness as an analytical framework , the paper explores participants’ perspectives on the organisation's capacity to support the development of, and benefit from, digital and computational approaches.

Results

Participants’ accounts reveal a range of specific institutional readiness criteria relating to organisational vision, technical capability, organisational agility, and talent and skills that, when met, enhance the organisations’ capacity to support the development and implementation of digital and computational tools. Participant accounts also reveal challenges relating to these criteria, such as unrealistic expectations and the necessary prioritisation of clinical work in resource-constrained settings.

Conclusions

The paper identifies a general set of institutional readiness criteria that can guide future hospital leaders and innovators aiming to improve their organisation's digital and computational capability. The paper also illustrates the challenges of pursuing digital and computational innovation in resource-constrained hospital environments.
Trends in the reasons for revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Elliott Holbert Samuel , Brennan Jane , Cattaneo Sophia , King Paul , Turcotte Justin , MacDonald James
Published: July 2023

Introduction: As the number of annual total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures increases the number of revision surgeries will continue to increase. Several prior studies have identified various mechanisms of TKA failure and reported a number of reasons as the most common causes. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the causes of revision TKA at a single institution and to compare those reasons with previously published data in order to provide a current update on the topic. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing TKA revision by board-certified surgeons at a single institution between January 2, 2014 and October 16, 2020 was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed to identify trends among revision reasons and compare postoperative outcomes. Results: Of the 548 patients, 179 (32.7%) had an early revision and 369 (67.3%) had a late revision. The most common causes for early revision were infection (31.3%), loosening (27.4%), and instability (10.1%). The most common causes for late revision were loosening (29.5%), infection (22.2%), and polyethylene wear (20.3%). Postoperatively, there were no significant differences in OR time, length of stay, discharge status, 30-day readmission rates, or 30-day emergency department return rates between early and late revisions. Discussion: This study demonstrated the main causes for revision at a high-volume orthopedic joint replacement center. The most common reasons for revision were infection, loosening, instability, and polyethylene wear. This data in comparison to studies in the past suggests that the causes of revision are constantly evolving and need to be reassessed periodically in order to align focus on improvement.
Prevalence and factors associated with overweight in children under 5 years in West African countries
Authors: Diallo Ramata , Baguiya Adama , Balde Mamadou Dioulde , Camara Sadan , Diallo Aissatou , Camara Bienvenu Salim , Toure Amadou Oury , Soumah Anne Marie , Kouanda Seni , Compaore Ella
Published: July 2023

Background:

Overweight is a risk factor for non-communicable diseases and is affecting an increasing number of children worldwide. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence and related factors to overweight among children under 5 years in five West African countries.

Methods:

This study was a secondary analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional data. These data were drawn from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from five countries in the West African region (Benin, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, and Togo) from 2015 to 2018.Continuous quantitative data were categorized and all analyses were weighted according to the probability that each participant was selected in the sample. Children under 5 years of age were the study population. Multilevel logistic regression was used with Stata 16.0 software.

Results:

The total sample size for the analysis was 38,657 children. The pooled prevalence of overweight among children under 5 years of age in the five countries was 3%. Guinea had the highest prevalence (6%) compared to the other countries, which had a prevalence of 2%. The likelihood of being overweight was higher among children aged 0–6 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.41–3.95]), who had a high birth height (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI [1.29–2.09]), whose mothers were overweight (AOR = 1.35; 95% CI [1.09–1.68]), who lived in households with fewer than five members (AOR = 1.19; 95% CI [1.00–1.46]), or who lived in Guinea (AOR = 2.79; 95% CI [1.62–4.79]).

Conclusion:

This study showed that overweight concerns few children under 5 years of age in West Africa. However, it does exist, and its prevalence could likely increase if its modifiable factors (maternal overweight, household size, and height at birth) are not taken into account in nutritional interventions.
Impact of COVID-19 on healthcare system in India: A systematic review
Authors: Kapoor Megha , Nidhi Kaur Karuna , Saeed Shazina , Shannawaz Mohd , Chandra Amrish
Published: July 2023

Despite an extensive healthcare system in India, the COVID-19 Pandemic created havoc upon the existing Indian healthcare system by disrupting the supply of essential healthcare services to patients. It has also highlighted the significant-quality discrepancies of healthcare facilities between the rural-urban areas and between public and private healthcare providers. The not so advanced healthcare system of India was exposed through the lack of oxygen and essential drugs required for the treatment of COVID-19. Additionally, during the pandemic period there was a drastic decline in seeking non-COVID-19 disease related healthcare services. The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether COVID-19 has impacted the healthcare system in India.
Tackling Loneliness and Isolation in Older Adults With Virtual Reality: How do We Move Forward?
Authors: Finnegan Daniel J. , Campbell Sarah
Published: July 2023

Current trends in gerontology conceptualize Virtual Reality (VR) as a tool for rehabilitation, lauding its potential for cognitive rehabilitation or as an intervention to reduce cognitive function decline. However, we must take a critical stance and identify not just the potential positive impact, but also how things may go wrong without appropriate guidelines, and the need for careful design around the interaction affordances of the technology. We conducted co-discovery and co-design workshops involving expert stakeholders and older adults ( N = 25) over a period of 6 months, involving practical activities including user personas and focus groups to understand the complexities of loneliness and identify possible solutions with VR. Based on our findings we focus our argument on two key factors in the conceptualization of loneliness: spaces, and activities which may take place within said spaces. We present our reconceptualization of VR as a tool for group activities instead of passive consumption of content and make suggestions to the community for reducing feelings of loneliness with VR.
Stress and Burnout Among Frontline Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Middle Eastern Country
Authors: Mary Pappiya Ester , Mubarak Al Baalharith Ibrahim , Arulappan Judie , Missiriya Jalal Sahbanathul , Venkatesan Krishnaraju , Salem Al Grad Hamad , Baraik S. Alawad Abdullaah
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unanticipated shift in nursing practice to meet the sudden increase in demand for pandemic-related care, leaving nurses unable to provide acceptable services to patients in the way they were taught and expected to do. It put the nurses under more stress and most of them were dissatisfied with their work due to excessive burnout.

Objectives

The study determined the level of stress and burnout among front-line nurses working at the Ministry of Health Hospitals in Najran, Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A total of 1594 nurses were chosen using a convenience sampling approach. Google Forms were used to collect data from the nurses. COVID-19 stressors questionnaire and an abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to assess stress and burnout among nurses.

Results

Our study reported that the majority of nurses experienced extreme levels of stress as their colleagues became ill; that they would spread COVID-19 infection to their family and friends; upsetting to see COVID-19 patients dying in front of them; not knowing when the COVID-19 pandemic will be under control; and emotional exhaustion and physical fatigue. A vast majority of nurses felt there were not adequate protective measures; there was a shortage of staff at times; were nervous and scared and thought of quitting their job; and they would quit their job if a COVID-19 outbreak recur and they would fall sick. Likewise, 41.9% of the nurses experienced a high level of burnout. A significant association was found between the area of working and the level of burnout among nurses.

Conclusion

As nurses experienced extreme levels of stress and severe burnout, it is vital to design regular programs to assist frontline nurses in maintaining their mental health.
My Pilgrimage in Mission
Authors: Whiteman Darrell L.
Published: July 2023

Anchored in the Incarnation as a model for cross-cultural ministry, this “pilgrimage” chronicles my life-long effort to connect anthropological insights with mission practice. I note how a linguist, four anthropologists, and an historian—Eugene Nida, Charles Kraft, Alan Tippett, Paul Hiebert, Louis Luzbetak, and Andrew Walls—contributed to my formation as a missiological anthropologist. Two themes that have been the hallmark of my research, teaching, writing, and training are contextualization and incarnational identification. The venues in which my pilgrimage has occurred have been as a mission volunteer in the Congo, a United Methodist missionary in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, a professor of anthropology in the E. Stanley Jones School of World Mission and Evangelism at Asbury Theological Seminary, a trainer of several thousand missionaries, a member of the American Bible Society Board of Trustees, and various roles in the American Society of Missiology.