bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Risk Management Practices on Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises
Authors: Apaloo Sidney , Bright Dzah
Published: January 2022

The main objective of the research is to examine the effect of risk management practices on performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs). The convenience sampling method was used for the study. The study used a sample size of 285 small and medium scale enterprise businesses for the analysis.  The study used primary data obtained through questionnaire administration which was analysed using SPSS 25 and Microsoft Excel 2019. The study used both descriptive and inference analysis to analyse the data. According to the findings, low educational level of respondents helped to conclude that risk management is not widely practiced in SME businesses. Risk management practices are not well practiced in SME business because the SME owners possess low level of knowledge in the areas of identifying, assessing, treating and monitoring key operational risks. The positive relationship between risk management practices and performance is indicative that the proper practice of risk management by SME managers or owners influences performance. The significant relationship between the dependent variable (performance) and independent (risk management practices) provided the conclusion that, the more SME businesses improve on their risk management, the more they improve upon their performance. The study recommends an improvement in risk management knowledge for SME business owners and managers. The government should take adequate steps to provide risk management support for SMEs sectors. The study recommends SME businesses to put in place systems that enable the documentation of the business operations.
About Intelligence (Artificial or Not) – A Discussion with Marcel van Herk
Authors: Chirila Monica
Published: January 2022

Professor Marcel van Herk is the chair of the radiotherapy physics at the University of Manchester. As a medical physics student he started on the development of a liquid ionization imaging device that later became the Varian PortalVision system for electronic portal imaging. Starting during a Postdoc at Harvard Medical School, USA in 1992, his work incorporated 3D image processing, first CT-MR image registration for treatment planning, later measuring organ motion and other uncertainties in radiotherapy such as delineation variability. Much of this work has been integrated in the Elekta Synergy cone-beam CT image guidance system developed. He also held a part-time teaching role as a Professor at the University of Amsterdam working amongst others at the integration of microscopic optical imaging into radiotherapy treatment planning. His goal is to do research to improve the clinical practice of radiotherapy.
自主性駕駛人工智慧產品交通事故事件之舉證責任分配與舉證減輕
Authors: 劉明生 劉明生
Published: January 2022

自主性駕駛系統乃自己操縱駕駛，而非由人類之駕駛人操縱駕駛，倘若因自主性駕駛產品有瑕疵造成交通事故，因而造成他人受有損害，此種情形究應由駕駛人、車輛所有人，抑或該產品之製造人擔負損害賠償責任？其各自於何種情形之下須擔負損害賠償責任？其損害賠償責任究為過失責任、推定過失責任、有責任排除事由之危險責任（無過失責任），抑或無責任排除事由嚴格之危險責任（無過失責任）？製造人透過自主性駕駛人工智慧產品究竟創設何種新的危險？其與一般人類駕駛車輛有何不同之處？使用自主性駕駛之情形是否應主要由產品之製造人擔負因該產品瑕疵造成損害擔負較嚴格之危險責任？自主性駕駛人工智慧產品交通事故損害賠償事件之舉證責任分配與舉證減輕應如何加以解釋與運用？關於自主性駕駛人工智慧產品瑕疵、過失事由與責任成立因果關係究應由原告（受害人），抑或被告（產品製造人）擔負舉證責任？上述三項要證事實之舉證減輕究應如何解釋與適用？此則成為現代民事訴訟程序非常新穎與重要之課題。本文先探討車輛駕駛之模式與自主性駕駛之意涵，其次再分別探討於自主性駕駛之情形，駕駛人、車輛所有人與自主性駕駛產品製造人之損害賠償責任與其相關訴訟事件之舉證責任分配與舉證減輕之爭議問題。
民事法裁判精選Vol.2 No.1
Authors: 陳忠五 陳忠五
Published: January 2022

本期刊出22則最高法院裁判，其中10則裁判涉及的法律問題或見解，理論或實務上具有重要意義，值得注意。簡要說明如下：一、依勞動基準法第11條第4款規定，雇主如有「業務性質變更，有減少勞工之必要，又無適當工作可供安置時」，得預告勞工終止勞動契約。問題是，本條第4款有關雇主得預告勞工終止勞動契約的規定，其所稱「無適當工作可供安置」，應如何解釋？
婚後無償取得之財產所生孳息之性質──評析最高法院106年度台上字第1837號裁定
Authors: 林秀雄 林秀雄
Published: January 2022

本件最高法院裁判認為夫妻之一方結婚後，因繼承或其他無償取得之財產，於婚姻關係中所生之孳息，實有他方配偶對家庭及其財產整體予以協力之貢獻，因此應列入剩餘財產以為分配。此見解值得贊同。立法委員提案，卻限縮於對個別財產取得之貢獻，顯然有所誤解。法務部引用本裁判指出立法委員提案內容之不當，使本裁判於修法過程中，具有一定之意義。惟於婚姻關係存續中因有償契約所取得之財產，本來就是婚後有償取得之財產，本件第三審裁判認為應依舉重以明輕之法理，類推適用民法第1017條第2項規定，視為婚後財產，實為畫蛇添足。
經行政訴訟裁判確定之行政處分不許申請程序再開？──最高行政法院109年度判字第135號判決簡評
Authors: 黃銘輝 黃銘輝
Published: January 2022

「行政程序重新進行」是一個相當於訴訟法上「再審」的制度，讓人民得對一個已經不得循通常法律救濟途徑救濟之行政處分（即「已確定」、「已生形式存續力」之處分），有請求行政機關將其廢棄變更之權利。惟我國行政程序法第128條的條文文字，將此一制度侷限在「法定救濟期間經過」的情形，於是產生了「經行政訴訟判決」而告確定的處分是否有其適用的爭議。本文除分析晚近行政法院實務的見解，並且進一步將此一問題結合「『經訴願程序而告確定（未續行行政訴訟）』的處分得否申請程序重新進行」一併思考，以求獲致更具整體性的解方。
Changes in political regimes and prospects for strengthening democracy in Ukraine
Authors:   Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zelenko Galyna , Mayboroda Oleksandr , Lyashenko Tetyana , Bevz Tetyana , Karmazina Maria , Kononenko Nataliya , Brekharya Svitlana , Kovalevskiy Vladislav , Shaihorodskyi Yurii , Kondratenko Oleg
Published: January 2022

The present monograph analyses the processes of transformation of the political regime in Ukraine during the period of independence. Resting on a broad empirical basis, this research project analyses a deviant correlation of the projected and the effective political regimes in Ukraine, the specifics of the public administration system, regional practices of the political regime, the nature of political parties and civil society, as well as the aspects of political culture and political consciousness of Ukrainian citizenry under the current political regime in Ukraine, together with the role of financial-industrial groups in political processes. The book analyses the dynamics of Ukraine’s performance in global rankings of democracy, as well as the phenomenon of ‘state capture’, while due recommendations are formulated with regard to the prospects of strengthening democracy in Ukraine. The book is intended for scientists, politicians, and both post- and undergraduate students of political science, as well as for everyone who is interested in the peculiarities ofpolitical development of Ukraine.
Pancreatic serous cystadenoma with a high 68Ga DOTATOC-uptake mimicking a pancreatic NET
Authors: A Bringeland Erling , Rønne Elin , Kjellmo Åse , M Keil Thomas
Published: January 2022

Introduction: 68Ga-DOTATOC positron emission tomography (PET) has replaced octreotide scintigraphy as method of choice in detecting and staging most neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). With a better signal-to-noise ratio and improved spatial resolution, sensitivity is increased. However, several non-NETs express surface somatostatin receptors, challenging the positive predictive value of a DOTATOC scan regarding a NET diagnosis. This is of particular concern in pancreas as NET is a frequent differential diagnosis, as is a variety of cystic neoplasms increasingly often diagnosed as incidental findings.

Case Report: A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with an asymptomatic cystic tumor in the pancreatic neck. At computed tomography scan (CT) a 4 cm P-NET was suspected as an incidental finding. The diagnosis was supported by a positive 68Ga-DOTATOC scan, with a high DOTATOC-uptake in the pancreatic tumor and in a local interaortocaval node. The tumor was radically resected. At pathologic examination a pancreatic serous cystadenoma (SCN) was unexpectedly diagnosed, with the regional nodes proven only to harbor granulomatous inflammation.

Conclusion: A rare case of a 68Ga-DOTATOC positive SCN is reported. Diagnostic workup was confounded by a local node exhibiting a high DOTATOC-uptake. Radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and pancreatic surgeons must be aware of this diagnostic pitfall to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.
Perfil clinicoepidemiologico de neonatos con infecciones asociadas a la atencion de salud en hospital de especialidades
Authors: Mendoza Karina , Díaz Castro Alexander
Published: January 2022

Introducción . Las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud son frecuentes en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, son de importancia epidemiológica porque se asocian con un aumento de la morbimortalidad neonatal, largas estancias hospitalarias y altos costos en salud.Objetivo. Describir el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los recién nacidos ingresados ​​en el Hospital Nacional de la Mujer “Dra. María Isabel Rodríguez”, con diagnóstico de infección asociada a la atención en salud, durante 2015-2019.Metodología. Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en los servicios de Neonatología del Hospital Nacional de la Mujer.Los datos se obtuvieron de los formularios VIGEPES 07 y de las historias clínicas de 2055 pacientes, desde enero de 2015 hasta diciembre de 2019.Resultados . En total, se identificaron 2.055 pacientes con infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud, de los cuales el 51,2 % se presentó en niños. Los más afectados fueron los prematuros entre 28 y 36 semanas (72 %) y los recién nacidos de 1.000 ga 2.499 g (69,1 %). Las infecciones más frecuentes fueron infección del tracto urinario (48,9 %), septicemia/bacteriemia (24,2 %), neumonía asociada a la asistencia sanitaria (12,5 %) y neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (1,6 %) . Klebsiella pneumoniae fue el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado, seguido de Escherichia coliy Staphylococcus epidermidis. La incidencia de infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud fue mayor en 2019 (25,6 %). La letalidad por infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud fue mayor en 2018 (15,8 %).Conclusiones . Los neonatos con infección asociada al cuidado de la salud fueron los prematuros con bajo peso al nacer. El microorganismo mayormente encontrado fue Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Autotoma para detección de VPH comparada con muestra convencional en el tamizaje de cáncer cervicouterino
Authors: Cabrera Saca Silvana Nazaré , Linares García Astrid Leonor , Martínez Meléndez Javier Ernesto , Abullarade Navarrete Emilio Jacobo
Published: January 2022

El cáncer de cuello uterino es la cuarta causa de mortalidad por cáncer en mujeres; 88 % de los casos provienen de países en vías de desarrollo debido al escaso acceso al tamizaje y tratamiento. Debido a esto, en los países de bajo desarrollo humano estrategias como la autotoma para la detección del virus del papiloma humano han adquirido gran importancia en la actualidad, aumentando hasta en un 45 % el tamizaje en estos países. La presente revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo determinar si existen diferencias entre técnica convencional para detección del virus del papiloma humano y la autotoma en países de mediano y bajo desarrollo humano, así como las ventajas y limitantes que esta presenta. Se realizó la búsqueda de la literatura mediante las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar y SciELO, empleando artículos originales, ensayos clínicos, de revisión, entre otros. Se demostró que la autotoma para la detección del virus del papiloma humano tiene una especificidad similar a la toma convencional por parte de personal médico y que incrementa el tamizaje, ya que es más aceptada que la muestra tomada por el clínico debido a que facilita el acceso y aborda las limitantes socioculturales percibidas por las usuarias.
Comparative Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii and Albizia gummifera on Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) Fingerlings
Authors: Sulaiman Yusuf  , Yusuf Muhammad Sanyinna  , Bala Sambo Audu  , Audu Idi Wakawa  , Banyigyi Aforo Hassan
Published: January 2022

Fishing with Albizia gummifera is gaining more popularity than Tephrosia vogelii by local fishermen of Mangu Local Government Area, Plateau State and other parts of Nigeria, because of its productiveness and availability. Acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of leaf and bark of T. vogelii and A. gummifera were conducted on C. gariepinus fingerlings in static non-renewable bioassay. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L, pH and Temperature (°C) were monitored daily throughout the period by using ExStik® DO600 meter. Definitive acute concentrations of 140, 120, 100, 80, 60, 0.00 mg/L; and 600, 525, 454, 375, 225 and 0.00 g/L as control of aqueous bark and leaf extracts in mg/L for A. gummifera and T. vogelii were used respectively. The result of the water quality parameters of fishes exposed to various plant toxicant concentrations of the plants showed no variation in all the studied water parameters compared with the control treatments. The percentage mortality of fishes was observed to decrease with decrease in toxicant concentrations in both plants. The 96hrs LC10; LC50 and LC99 values with confidence limits were of 61.21 (53.54 - 104.67) mg/L and 131.86 (104.67 - 166.10) mg/L; 94.58 mg/L (108.56 - 82.419) and 277.82 (220.54 - 349.98); and 208.46 (182.31 - 238.35) and 1074.73 (853.13 - 1353.82) of aqueous bark and leaf extracts of A. gummifera and T. vogelii to the exposed fishes, respectively. Lower lethal concentration values of A. gummifera indicated that it is more toxic than T. vogelii. Therefore, fishing with the A. gummifera should be regulated in order to preserve fish species in wild.
FRACTURE ANALYSIS AND RESERVOIR POTENTIAL OF EXPOSED EOCENE SUCCESSIONS ALONG KOHAT-ORAKZAI TRANSACT KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, NW PAKISTAN
Authors: Yaseen Muhammad , Ali Shah Shahid , Khan Junaid , Samiullah Adnan , Jan Adil , Sheeraz Khan Muhammad , Sair Saad
Published: January 2022

The present research work is primarily focusing on fracture analysis of exposed Eocene limestone to estimate the reservoir potential by Monte Carlo Techniques. The methodology implemented is the scanline method which were used for fracture data collections during field work. Three stations were selected for fracture data which consists of 30 scanlines for comprehensive petrophysical properties i.e., fracture density, porosity, and permeability. The computer software was used for interpretation of fracture orientation data. The interpretation demonstrates two prevailing fracture sets existing in the study area which have average NE and NW strike. However, the correlation between their properties is documented based on charts. The consequence specifies that the correlation between density and porosity is variable although the density and permeability is linear. The qualitative classification was based on NFR system analyzed for the reservoir potential which shows very defective correlation whereas fractures provide flexible assistance and does not offer significant additional porosity and permeability. Thus, it occurs from type 4 to type 3 NFR system of classification.
Financial Performance Measurement Using Solvency Ratio at PT. AKR Corporindo Tbk. 2015-2019 Period
Authors: Rininda Bella Puspita , Fitriyani Yuli , Azizah
Published: January 2022

This study aims to measure the financial performance of PT AKR Corporindo Tbk's 2015-2019 financial statements by using the solvency ratio. The method in this research is quantitative. The subject in this study is the financial statements of PT AKR Corporindo Tbk in 2015-2019 using the solvency ratio. The results of this study indicate that the assessment of financial performance at PT. AKR Corporindo Tbk, for the debt to asset ratio is considered not good because it exceeds the industry average standard that has been set, the debt to equity ratio is considered healthy even though it exceeds the industry average standard, because large funds are obtained from short-term debt, namely debt business, and the long term debt to equity ratio is also considered good because it is below the industry average standard. The results of this study indicate that the solvency ratio at PT AKR Corporindo Tbk has decreased and increased according to industry standards.
The Urgency Of English In The Curriculum In Indonesia To Prepare Human Resources For Global Competitiveness
Authors: Dzulkifli Isadaud  , M.Dzikrul Fikri  , Muhammad Imam Bukhari
Published: January 2022

English is an international language and often this language is used as a second language in several countries. Coupled with the current developments, everyone must be able to master English fluently in order to be able to compete with the outside world or compete globally so that English is seen as a unifying tool nation and has an important role in life, especially in education. On the other hand, teaching English in Indonesia has been practiced since the Dutch colonial era until now. The purpose of writing this article is to explain the urgency of English. in the curriculum in Indonesia in order to prepare human resources that are globally competitive. The results of the information found that the use of English in the curriculum in Indonesia is still not implemented at all levels of education,learning English is only limited to students understanding "reading, listening, and writing, and speaking". However, students still have difficulty speaking using English because not as a second national language and what we need to know is the challenge of globalization which demands that our society understands English. Students still have difficulty speaking in English because it is not a national second language and what we need to know is the challenges of globalization that demand that our society understands English.Students still have difficulty speaking in English because it is not a national second language and what we need to know is the challenges of globalization that demand that our society understands English.
ORIENTAÇÃO SOBRE MÉTODOS CONTRACEPTIVOS NO PUERPÉRIO IMEDIATO.
Authors: Brito Patricia Leite
Published: January 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de métodos contraceptivos deve ser norteado por uma escolha pessoal da paciente, associado a critérios clínicos, éticos, sociais e culturais, sendo um importante recurso para diminuição do número de gravidez não planejadas, e do aumento do intervalo gestacional, em grupos populacionais vulneráveis como as adolescentes e dessa forma, contribuir para diminuição das taxas de abortamento e de mortalidade materna. Conhecer e ter acesso a informação sobre as opções e uso dos métodos existentes, é um direito da mulher, no seu exercício de cidadania e deveria ser um recurso utilizado em todos os momentos da trajetória dentro do serviço da rede básica de saúde, inclusive no pré-natal e no pós-parto. OBJETIVO: O trabalho pretende demonstrar uma ação exitosa realizada em maternidade pública terciária do Norte do país, onde se realizou um projeto de avaliação de conhecimento e orientação dos métodos contraceptivos, para pacientes no momento da internação para o parto, inclusive com a oferta e uso do Dispositivo Intra-uterino (DIU) de cobre, no pós-parto imediato, normal ou cesárea e no pós-aborto. METODOLOGIA: Estudo observacional e descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, para avaliar a percepção e conhecimento sobre os métodos contraceptivos. As pacientes passavam por uma entrevista com a equipe de enfermagem, questionando sobre o conhecimento sobre os métodos contraceptivos e o desejo de realizar o uso e inserção do DIU após- o parto. As pacientes que não consentiam ou não desejavam realizar o método no momento do parto, eram novamente abordadas na enfermaria para nova palestra sobre a importância da prevenção de nova gravidez e da realização de consulta de acompanhamento do puerpério. Observamos, que a grande maioria não tinha conhecimento sobre os métodos existentes oferecidos, gratuitamente, no sistema de saúde e que o interessse sobre eles foi maior no momento da abordagem na enfermaria. RESULTADOS: A prática desempenhada demonstrou que é importante e necessário o estímulo e oferta da informação sobre os recursos existentes, para prevenção de nova gravidez, desmistificando e disponibilizando ao longo de todo processo de acesso ao atendimento da saúde da mulher, desde as consultas de rotina até no momento do pós-parto. CONCLUSÃO: Para diminuir as taxas de gravidez na adolescência, prematuridade, mortalidade materna e neonatal, devemos desenvolver medidas educacionais entre o público feminino em idade fértil, e melhorar o acesso aos métodos contraceptivos, melhorar a qualidade da assistência ofertada no cuidado da saúde da mulher e acima de tudo mobilizar recursos, para ampliar a educação sexual entre os jovens. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: PÓS-PARTO, MÉTODOS CONTRACEPTIVOS, PUERPÉRIO
VIABILIDADE DE INVESTIMENTO: UM ESTUDO PARA A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM SILO EM UMA COOPERATIVA AGRÍCOLA
Authors: Masson Fábio Junior , da Silva Leonardo Kaiber Moraes Alves , Alves Ranieri , Serra Adriano , Lima Amanda Camerini
Published: January 2022

O setor da agricultura representa uma boa parcela do PIB brasileiro, sendo de suma importância o investimento em tecnologias e demais utensílios para continuarsendo uma das grandes potências nesse meio. O Brasil exporta grandes quantidadesde alimento para o restante do mundo e vem alcançando recordes de exportações nos últimos anos. As cooperativas agrícolas buscam atender às demandas sociais e econômicas desuas comunidades, mas, para que se alcance o resultado esperado, se faz necessáriouma relação de confiança entre os cooperados, a fim de possibilitar elevar aprodutividade e participar com competitividade na comercialização dos produtos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa, foi avaliar a viabilidade de implantação de um silo em uma cooperativa agrícola na região do Vale do Ivinhema - Mato Grosso do Sul. Para concluir o trabalho, foi necessário realizar uma pesquisa de campo buscando a coleta de dados referentes as dimensões da área, para projetar a população de atendimento. A pesquisa foi decaráter quantitativo, onde as informações obtidas foram transformadas em números para analisar a viabilidade e potencial de implantação. Para avaliar os dados, foi utilizada a ferramenta Payback, que permitiu calcular o tempo de retorno do investimento, que será no quinto ano de instalação do silo. Também foi identificado que ocorrerá um aumento de 5% no preço dos insumos para a safra de 2021/2022. Para o ano de 2022, a cooperativa chegará a uma adesão de 66% no seu atendimento. Diante do exposto, foi possível concluir que a região do Vale do Ivinhemapossui um grande potencial produtivo, tornando viável a implantação de um novo silona cooperativa. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Armazenamento, planejamento, potencial
Sentidos do suicídio para profissionais de um distrito sanitário
Authors: Stoppa Robertha Gabardo , Wanderbroocke Ana Claudia Nunes de Souza
Published: January 2022

Este estudo buscou compreender os sentidos atribuídos ao comportamento suicida por profissionais de um Distrito Sanitário de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Participaram 15 profissionais, com diferentes formações, lotados em três pontos de atenção à saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à análise das práticas discursivas. Foram discutidos os sentidos: desamparo social, isolamento de idosos, vulnerabilidades dos adolescentes, dificuldades socioeconômicas e transtornos mentais. Os resultados indicaram o suicídio como um fenômeno que é atravessado por questões sociais e econômicas, geradoras de desamparo. Idosos e adolescentes foram descritos como os grupos etários mais vulneráveis. Em menor escala, o suicídio foi considerado como consequência de um transtorno mental e associado ao discurso psiquiátrico. Discute-se a necessidade de os profissionais que atuam no campo da saúde contribuírem para a promoção e o fortalecimento comunitário e estarem implicados tanto no desenvolvimento humano e social, como atentos para os fatores geradores de sofrimento psíquico.
KORONAVİRÜS PANDEMİ SÜRECİNİN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE ALGILANAN STRES SEVİYELERİNİ ETKİLEYEN ETMENLER
Authors: KELEŞ İsmail , DURAR Erkan , DURMUŞ Mustafa
Published: January 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma Koronavirüs pandemi sürecinin üniversite öğrencilerinde algılanan stres seviyelerini etkileyen etmenlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışma, Ocak 2021 ile Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde bulunan bir üniversitesinin öğrencileri ile yürütülmüştür.Çalışma 728 öğrenci ile tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmanın anket formları “Google Formlar” ile düzenlenerek bireylere gönderilen bağlantı linki ile toplanmıştır. Veri toplamada “Kişisel Bilgi FormunaAit Sorular”, ile “Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ)” kullanılmıştır. “Verilerin yorumlanmasındasıklık ve yüzdelik hesaplama, bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve tek yönlü anova testi kullanılmıştır”.Bulgular: Öğrencilerin Algılanan streste 10.33±3.80, algılanan baş etmede 5.50±2.32 ve toplamda 15.84±5.19 puan ortalamasının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun 21-23 yaş aralığında, kızlardan oluştuğu, gelir durumlarının kötü olduğu, herhangi bir kronik hastalığı olmadığı ve hayata umutlu baktıkları tespit edildi.Sonuç: Katılımcıların Algılanan Stres Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş, cinsiyet, gelir durumu, evebeyn tutumu, hayata umutlu bakabilme ve öğrenim durumları ile algılanan stres düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE BİLGİ VE HABER KAYNAKLARINA ULAŞMADA YENİ BİR RİSK OLAN “İNFODEMİ” YÖNETİMİNDE KULLANILAN İLETİŞİM STRATEJİLERİ
Authors: YILMAZ ALTUNTAŞ Elgiz , ALTIPARMAK İrem , TÜNEL Ceren , SÜNGER Burcu
Published: January 2022

Bilgi ve haber kaynaklarına ulaşmada yeni bir risk alanı olan infodemi, Covid-19 pandemisi ile ortaya çıkan bir kavram olmasa da bu süreçte önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Toplumu oluşturan bireyler her yeni olay ve bilinmeyen bir durumla karşılaştıklarında doğrulanmamış ve/veya eksik enformasyonlar üretebilmekte ve bunlara maruz kalabilmektedir. Günümüzde enformasyonlara televizyon, radyo, gazete gibi geleneksel kitle medya araçlarının yanı sıra dijital medya platformları ve sosyal medya ağları aracılığı ile ulaşılmaktadır. Çevrim içi platformlarda üretilen ve yayılan bilginin kaynak oluşturup oluşturmadığı, bu bilgilerin doğruluğunun yanısıra bu platformların yanlış bilginin yayılmasında ne kadar etkili olup olmadıkları tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda; Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün pandemi ile ortaya çıkan infodemi yönetiminde koordinasyon; kanıta dayalı mesaj oluşturma; bilginin, toplum tarafından erişilebilecek şekilde sunulan, eyleme geçirilebilir davranış değişikliği yaratacak mesajlar ile yayılması; hükümetlerin toplumun endişelerini giderecek tavsiyeler ve mesaj içerikleri oluşturması ile akademi ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının yanı sıra sosyal medya ve teknoloji platformları ile kurulacak stratejik ortaklıklar olarak belirlediği ana başlıklar betimleyici yöntemle ele alınmıştır. Bulguların ortak noktası; infodemi ile mücadelede halkın tutum ve davranışlarını etkileme potansiyeline sahip söylentiler ve komplo teorilerinin gelişimini azaltmak için halkın tüm aktörler tarafından hızlı ve doğru bilgi ile desteklenmesi gerektiğidir.
Vitarebiti brunvis gamoxatvisatvis qartuli enis taour dialeqtshi /ვითარებითი ბრუნვის გამოხატვისათვის ქართული ენის ტაოურ დიალექტში [Expressing Adverbial Case in Tao Dialect of the Georgian Language]
Authors: Dadiani Eka
Published: January 2022

The adverbial case in the speech of the Georgians of Tao is mainly formed by the allomorphs that are characteristic of the Georgian literary language and the dialects. However, the frequency of their occurrence is rather different. The -a suffix is the most common one, to which in some cases -i/-y is added. The occurrences of the variants that include d/t consonant (-ad/-at/-d/-t) are relatively rare. It is noteworthy that as an alternative to the adverbial case, the forms of the nominative case or postpositional forms (-ze, -baaze/barze) are quite frequently represented, which are less common in other dialects. The adverbial case forms primarily manifest manner and purpose, while the expression of time and place is relatively uncommon. Almost no occurrences of translative and sequential functions have been attested.
We believe, the above-mentioned facts refer to the weakening of the position of the adverbial case in the Taoian dialect which could be explained by the influence of the Turkish language; there is no adverbial case in Turkish, mainly the nominative or dative forms are applied to express the relevant content. The use of the nominative case or postpositional forms as having the adverbial function is not uncommon in Georgian either, however, its activation in those constructions where the adverbial case is established in Georgian, should have been driven by close contact with the Turkish language. This is evidenced by the data of Laz, the Kartvelian subsystem functioning within the sphere of Turkish. Currently, there is no adverbial case in Laz (its function is performed by the nominative case), though historically it should have occurred here.
In terms of expressing the adverbial case, the Taoian dialect exhibits common Georgian tendencies, on the one hand, and those changes that emerge as a result of bilingualism, on the other.
საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული დიალექტოლოგია, ტაოური დიალექტი, სახელის ფორმაწარმოება, ვითარებითი ბრუნვა.Keywords: Georgian dialectology, Taoian dialect, formation of nominals, adverbial case.
Brunvata sist’emis sc’avlebisatvis sajaro sk’olashi /ბრუნვათა სისტემის სწავლებისათვის საჯარო სკოლაში [For Teaching the Case System in the Public School]
Authors: Vashakidze Iamze
Published: January 2022

In parallel with the developing modern technologies, it becomes increasingly important to produce textbooks that are based on logical approaches. Our goal is to develop such ”standardized rules of the declension of nominals that will facilitate both analysis and synthesis of word forms of nominals in modern Georgian ”.
The article deals with the issue of teaching the case system of Georgian by taking into consideration the 5th- and 7th-grade textbooks written by different authors using different approaches. In the available textbooks, Georgian cases are taught separately from the so-called postpositional forms of cases; this prevents the pupils from having a systemic understanding of the material. The origin of the problem should be sought in the definition of the category of case and the confusion of diachronic and synchronic aspects in textbooks: the history of the development of the grammatical phenomenon is one thing, the current state of it is another.
The article deals with the classification of the case system in Georgian on the synchronic level based on logical rules – the approach is a particular novelty in terms of the methodology of teaching the case system of the Georgian language. The basic postulates are as follows:
1. The term “case” is defined as the morphological category of nominals, within the scope of which the formative suffix adds the grammatical function to a wordform (leaving the lexical meaning unchanged);
2. The case is a combination of a noun stem and a case marker;
3. The case marker may be simple (-ს [-s], -ის [-is], -ით[-it], ად[-ad], etc.) or complex//compound (-სში [-sši] “in”, -ისგან [-isgan] “from (anim.)”, -იდან [-idan] / -დან [-dan] from (inanimate), -ამდე [-amde] / -მდე [-mde] “up to”, etc.).
According to the classification on the synchronic level, three logically differentiated types of cases are identified in the Georgian language:
1. a simple case: nominal stem + simple case marker (დედა-ს [deda-s] “mother/to mother”, ქვეყნ-ად [kveqnad] “on the earth”);
2. a complex (compound) case: nominal stem + complex (compound) case
marker (ლომ-ივით [lomi-vit] “like a lion”, ხე-სთან [xe-stan] “at the tree”); a
complex case marker is constructed by merging a simple case marker with a postposition
and expresses additional grammatical or semantic nuances;
3. a case with a postposition: nominal stem + simple case marker + separate
auxiliary word //postposition (კაც-ის მიერ / გამო [kac-is mier/gamo “by / because
of a man”).
The proposed approach will simplify the process of learning and understanding
the paradigm of the noun in a systemic way, on the one hand, and will assist in
developing the software for machine translation, on the other hand.
საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული ენა, ბრუნვათა სისტემა, რთული და მარტივი
ბრუნვები, თანდებულიანი ბრუნვები.
Keywords: Georgian language, case system, simple and complex cases, cases with
postpositions.
Msoplio imp’eriata k’avk’asiuri gambit’i da erek’le meore /მსოფლიო იმპერიათა კავკასიური გამბიტი და ერეკლე მეორე [The Caucasian Gambit of World Empires and Erekle II]
Authors: Natsvaladze Mamuka
Published: January 2022

The current study is the first attempt to examine the relations between Russia and Georgia within the context of international political processes of the second half of the 18th century, in particular, the Seven Years’ War, the plan for the redistribution of Europe, and the “Greek Project”.
The global historical process of the second half of the 18th century is of special importance for the proper assessment of the history of Georgia. The Russian and Soviet historiography deliberately distorted the facts and events of the time leading to the improper assessment of the annexation of Georgia and the Caucasus. The European contacts of King Erekle II of Kartli-Kakheti were deliberately erased, and hence the Caucasus was declared a geostrategic space on Russian orbit and was artificially separated from the global historical processes. Therefore, a violent political act, the conquest of Georgia was disguised as an alliance corresponding to the idea of Christian common faith.
The article analyzes the reasons the members of the European system of international relations did not like the existence of a powerful state in the Caucasus (the Austrian Empire being an exception). The strategic foreign policy directions of the Austrian Empire were also analyzed, making it obvious once again that the only ally of Erekle II was the Emperor of Austria.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ბერძნული პროექტი, ოსმალეთის იმპერია, ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო, ერეკლე II, რუსეთის იმპერია.Keywords: Greek Project, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, Erekle II, Russian Empire.
Zviad gamsaxurdias p’olitik’uri p’ort’ret’isatvis (gazet niu-iork t’aimsshi 1991-1993 c’lebshi gamokveqnebul p’ublik’aciebze daqrdnobit /ზვიად გამსახურდიას პორტრეტისათვის გაზეთ „ნიუ-იორკ ტაიმსში“ 1991-1993 წლებში გამოქვეყნებულ პუბლიკაციებზე დაყრდნობით [For the political Portrait of Zviad Gamsakhurdia (bazed on Articles Published in “New York Times” in 1991-1993]
Authors: Nikoleishvili Otar
Published: January 2022

Unfortunately, in the years before the restoration of Georgia’s state independence and at the first stage of this historic event, the role of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the leader of the Georgian people’s national liberation struggle has been mostly portrayed in a negative way in Georgia-related articles in the New York Times, while the country was striving in the direction of restoring state independence. This circumstance has primarily occurred because the authors of the above-mentioned publications were not properly aware of the situation in our country at that time and received the necessary information in this regard mainly from the Moscow bureau of the New York Times.
In terms of assessing the circumstances in our country, the situation is starting to change for the better after the arrival of Eduard Shevardnadze in Georgia.
From this time on, the authors of newspaper articles no longer refer to Georgia as a separatist republic, neither do they identify those in power at the time in our country as separatist leaders. Such a radical change in the attitude of American journalists and political scientists towards this phenomenon was, first of all, because the Soviet Empire had long since officially dissolved and mention of union republics in old terms made no sense. Based on the above materials, we can conclude that the then-existing negative attitude of American political scientists and journalists towards Georgia and its first president has significantly aggravated and further intensified the processes that have substantially hindered a real solution to the problem of restoring our state independence.საკვანძო სიტყვები: საქართველოს უახლესი ისტორია, საბჭოთა კავშირის პოლიტიკა საქართველოში, ზვიად გამსახურდიას მოღვაწეობა, ამერიკული პრესა.Keywords: Contemporary history of Georgia, The policy of the Soviet Union in Georgia, The work of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, The American Press.
St’andart’uli ena da kartuli enis ortograpiuli leksik’onebi /სტანდარტული ენა და ქართული ენის ორთოგრაფიული ლექსიკონები [Standard Language and Orthographic Dictionaries of Georgian Language]
Authors: Saghinadze Rusudan
Published: January 2022

The article examines two main factors causing modern language disorders
in modern Georgian written and spoken language, such as: A. Contradiction
between the norms of the modern Georgian literary language and living speech;
B. Contradiction in the norms of the modern Georgian literary language itself.
We aim to show the contradictory situation caused by these two factors in
the resources that should be used to maintain the standard of this or that word
form. We mean orthographic dictionaries of the Georgian language, including
such a fundamental dictionary as V. Topuria and Iv. Gigineishvili’s “orthographic
dictionary of the Georgian language” (1968; 1998), as well as electronic dictionaries
and other publications (collections). In the lexical material, the qualitative
difference in the standard language resources makes some norms controversial,
which contributes to the emergence of language form variants, incorrect forms
next to the correct ones, and, moreover, hinders the updating of the norm, and the
development of a new linguistic standard. This problem became even more acute
when the project of a young specialist, data scientist and programmer Vakhtang
Elerdashvili called “Incorrect-Print-Finder” – a morphological checker of errors in
the text – appeared on the social network (Facebook). The aim of the project is to
create a perfect text analyzer in Georgian.
The paper analyzes the relevant material reflecting the contradictory
situation in the standard language resources, outlines the ways to solve the
problem, concludes that the material in the standard language resources should be
united (processed) and a united orthographic database, an extensive orthographic
electronic dictionary with the function of constantly updating the norms of the
Georgian literary language should be created.
საკვანძო სიტყვები: სალიტერატურო ენა, ნორმა, ენობრივი წინააღმდეგობა.
Keywords: literary language,, norm, linguistic contradiction.
Durmishxan zhjuruli da kartuli sazogadoeba (XIX saukunis II naxevari – XX saukunis dasac’qisi) /დურმიშხან ჟურული და ქართული საზოგადოება (XIX საუკუნის II ნახევარი - XX საუკუნის დასაწყისი) [Durmishkhan Zhuruli and Georgian Society (the Second Half of the 19th Century – the Beginning of the 20th Century]
Authors: Sosiashvili Giorgi
Published: January 2022

The historical residence of the Zhuruli family was Ksani Gorge. This is exactly the place from where the resettlement of the above-mentioned clan to other parts of Georgia begins. A part of the Zhuruli family settled in the Small Liakhvi Gorge, specifically, in the village of Arbo. In the ‘Book of Duty Army’ (1774) several representatives of the Zhuruli family were mentioned in this village. At the beginning of the 19th century, Shalva Zhuruli, who lived in Arbo, together with other representatives of the feudal aristocracy, actively engaged in the fight that was meant to free the country from Russian violence. Shalva Zhuruli was arrested together with others involved in the Mtiuleti rebellion of 1804.
Shalva Zhuruli had several children, including Malkhazi, Levani, Durmishkhani, and Gaiane. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Durmishkhan Zhuruli greatly contributed to the development of Georgian society. His name is related to numerous national events. At different times, he worked as a police officer in Gori and Surami. He also served as a Chief of Batumi Police. Durmishkhan was actively involved in the activities concerned with the return of Adjara to the motherland. He was engaged in negotiations with Sherif-Beg Khimshiashvili following the instructions from the government. Durmishkhan Zhuruli had a close relationship with the remarkable representatives of the Georgian Society. Durmishkhan believed that the lack of education was the only reason why Georgians were left behind. He advocated for the establishment of schools, which is demonstrated in his articles published in the newspaper Iveria. Family members of Durmishkhan Zhuruli duly continued the business of the founder of the Batumi Organization of the Society for the Spreading Literacy among Georgians. საკვანძო სიტყვები: საქართველოს ისტორია, რუსეთ-თურქეთის ომი (1877-1878), დურმიშხან ჟურული.Keywords: History of Georgia, Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), Durmishkhan Zhuruli.
Rusetis imp’eriis kartuli mic’ebidan 1877-1882 c’lebshi osmaletshi gadasul muhajirta realuri ist’oria (kartvel muhajirta shtamomavlebis dghevandeli tvitaghkma turketshi) /რუსეთის იმპერიის ქართული მიწებიდან 1877-1882 წლებში ოსმალეთში გადასულ მუჰაჯირთა რეალური ისტორია (ქართველ მუჰაჯირთა შთამომავლების დღევანდელი თვითაღქმა თურქეთში) [The Real History of Muhajir Migration from Russian Ruled Georgia to Ottoman Empire in 1877-1882 (the Self-Concept of Georgian Muhajirs’ Descendants in Turkey)]
Authors: Putkaradze Tariel , Labadze Mikheil , Çelebi Fevzi
Published: January 2022

A mother language is a reflection of a person; the people create a language, and
the language constructs the nation. The state language is a measure of dignity”, the
magnitude of these words by Professor Tariel Putkaradze is fully reflected in numerous
of his academic works the primary focus of which is the idea of the national-linguistic
unity of the Georgians.
The article deals with a remarkable idea of the national-linguistic unity of the
Georgian people to which the great Kartvelologist and state-minded scholar dedicated
his short but productive career. As he remarks, in the post-Soviet period, he together
with his like-minded colleagues revived the then neglected traditional vision shared
by Georgian chroniclers and public figures. Based on historical sources, modern
criteria, and attitudes that distinguish between a language and a dialect, he reinforced
the historical perspective concerning one mother language of the Georgians and
promoted the issue of the national-linguistic unity as well as its importance for further
construction of democratic Georgia.
Tariel Putkaradze made a significant contribution to the development of
Kartvelology and the Humanities in general. Through his research, he advanced
the idea of the national-linguistic unity of the Georgian people, emphasizing the
exceptional importance of the language for the consolidation of the nation.
საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართველოლოგია, ეროვნულ-ენობრივი ერთიანობის
საკითხი, ტარიელ ფუტკარაძე.
Keywords: Kartvelology, the issue of national-linguistic unity, Tariel Putkaradze.
Stages of formation and development of small business in Kazakhstan
Authors:   Caspian Public University, Faizrakhmanov M.
Published: January 2022

This article is devoted to the stages of formation and development of small business in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Today, this topic is very relevant, since at present the intensification of the development of commercial activity, as well as an increase in its role in the state economy, is one of the main tasks for improving the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Entrepreneurial activity contributes to the flexibility of the market economy, attraction of investment resources, the development of technological progress, and, which is important at the moment, solves the problem of unemployment.
Theoretical issues of constitutional review as a tool for improving the legislative process
Authors:   the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaev A.A. ,   Caspian Public University, Kalimbekova A.R. ,   Caspian Public University
Published: January 2022

The article examines the preliminary constitutional control of laws as an effective tool for effective protection of the constitutional order, ensuring the unity of legislation and maintaining a balance of interests between the President and the branches of government in the legislative sphere. Modern legal systems, for various reasons and circumstances, contain many legislative acts that need timely and professional verification for constitutionality. The authors draw attention to the role of constitutional control, decisions of the Constitutional Council, which act as a means by which the stability of the political system is ensured, as well as to the shortcomings when the Constitutional Council is given the opportunity to indirectly "invade" the competence of the legislator if the law is recognized as inconsistent with the Constitution. Constitutional control obliges the legislator and other participants in the legislative process not only to comply with the norms and principles of the Constitution, but also imposes certain restrictions, taking into account political practice. Declaring an act of Parliament unconstitutional is one of the forms of constitutional responsibility. It is concluded that control in this area should be considered as an indicator of the quality of the work of the highest authorities involved in the legislative process. Attention is drawn to the determination of the legal nature of the act of the Constitutional Council, in the order of preliminary control, which recognizes the law adopted by the Parliament as inappropriate, but which has not entered into legal force. It is also concluded that different legal traditions in practice have given rise to different interpretations of the concept of "unconstitutionality", and the main differences mainly relate to the forms of control and the consequences of decisions taken.
Employer's actions during the quarantine period
Authors:   Caspian Public University, Chingisbaeva A.E.
Published: January 2022

Issues of regulation of labor relations between an employee and an employer during a pandemic, in particular, the actions of the employer and what changes may be in the labor process in accordance with the current labor legislationare shown. The concepts of remote work, part-time work are revealed, how the transition of an employee to a remote mode of work is formalized. What restrictions should the employer remember when dismissing in connection with a reduction in the number of employees.
The function of judicial control at the stage of pre-trial investigation of criminal cases
Authors:   Caspian Public University, Yershova A.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the issues related to the study of the content of the function of judicial control at the stage of pre-trial investigation. Pre-trial investigation, as a structural part of the criminal justice system, has never been completely independent of its judicial stages. The court has always had ample opportunities to influence the quality of the preliminary investigation and inquiry. Judicial control is most clearly manifested in criminal proceedings. This is due to the fact that criminal law and criminal procedure relations directly affect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen, protected at the highest level-by the norms of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This circumstance requires a particularly balanced approach to the development of new and improvement of existing norms in the industry law
Term of probation control as a measure of criminal legal effect and its types
Authors:   Caspian Public University, Kairatuly Zh.
Published: January 2022

Probation is considered as a form of social and legal control of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty, as well as issues of social adaptation and rehabilitation of these individuals, with the aim of ensuring public safety.