bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuation of the genetic divergence of ecological speciation by spatial environmental heterogeneity in island endemic plants
Authors: Huang Bing-Hong , Huang Chih-Wei , Huang Chia-Lung , Liao Pei-Chun
Published: July 2017

Divergent selection plays a critical role not only as a speciation driver but also in maintaining post-speciation divergence. In the absence of direct evidence, ancestral interspecific gene flow between incipient species can reflect ancient selective pressure for ecological speciation. In the present study, two late-Pleistocene diverged species endemic to Taiwan, Scutellaria playfairii and S. tashiroi, were spatially and ecologically partitioned with partial overlap. Multilocus genome-scan analyses and in silico evaluation revealed ancestral interspecific gene flow but distinct genetic compositions, implying that adaptive divergence contributed to their speciation. Ecological niche modeling and principal component analysis suggested incomplete divergent niches between the two species; the species distribution is therefore consistent with Hutchinson’s metaphor of multidimensional hypervolume niches rather than attributable to a single factor. Constraint ordination analysis supported this inference of a combination of variables explaining the genetic structure. The rare occurrence of hybrids in the sympatric population suggested hybrid breakdown, providing further evidence of divergent selection blocking gene flow. The correlation of environmental variables with integrated genetic components demonstrated that environmental heterogeneity maintains the species and population differentiation. This study highlights the importance of environmental heterogeneity and divergent selection for the rapid speciation and recent diversification of island plants.
Near infrared surface-enhanced Raman scattering based on star-shaped gold/silver nanoparticles and hyperbolic metamaterial
Authors: Lai Chih-Hsien , Wang Guo-An , Ling Tsung-Kai , Wang Tzyy-Jiann , Chiu Po-kai , Chou Chau Yuan-Fong , Huang Chih-Ching , Chiang Hai-Pang
Published: July 2017

It is desirable to extend the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from the conventionally used visible range into the infrared region, because the fluorescence background is lower in the long-wavelength regime. To do this, it is important to have a SERS substrate suitable for infrared operation. In this work, we report the near infrared SERS operation based on the substrates employing star-shaped gold/silver nanoparticles and hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) structure. We first fabricate the SERS substrate in which nanoparticles are separated from a silver film by a thin dielectric layer. Performance of the SERS substrate is investigated with a 1064-nm excitation source. Compared with similar silver film-based substrates employing respectively gold and silver spherical nanoparticles, it is found that, Raman intensity scattered by the substrate with star-shaped nanoparticles is 7.4 times stronger than that with gold nanoparticles, and 3.4 times stronger than that with silver nanoparticles. Following this, we fabricate the SERS substrate where the star-shaped nanoparticles are deposited over a HMM structure. The HMM structure comprises three pairs of germanium-silver multilayers. Further experimental result shows that, with the star-shaped nanoparticles, the HMM-based substrate yields 30% higher Raman intensity for near infrared SERS operation than the silver film-based substrate does.
Retrieving Precise Three-Dimensional Deformation on the 2014 M6.0 South Napa Earthquake by Joint Inversion of Multi-Sensor SAR
Authors: Jo Min-Jeong , Jung Hyung-Sup , Yun Sang-Ho
Published: July 2017

We reconstructed the three-dimensional (3D) surface displacement field of the 24 August 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake using SAR data from the Italian Space Agency’s COSMO-SkyMed and the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1A satellites. Along-track and cross-track displacements produced with conventional SAR interferometry (InSAR) and multiple-aperture SAR interferometry (MAI) techniques were integrated to retrieve the east, north, and up components of surface deformation. The resulting 3D displacement maps clearly delineated the right-lateral shear motion of the fault rupture with a maximum surface displacement of approximately 45 cm along the fault’s strike, showing the east and north components of the trace particularly clearly. These maps also suggested a better-constrained model for the South Napa earthquake. We determined a strike of approximately 338° and dip of 85° by applying the Okada dislocation model considering a single patch with a homogeneous slip motion. Using the distributed slip model obtained by a linear solution, we estimated that a peak slip of approximately 1.7 m occurred around 4 km depth from the surface. 3D modelling using the retrieved 3D maps helps clarify the fault’s nature and thus characterize its behaviour.
Cyclodextrin-based biological stimuli-responsive carriers for smart and precision medicine
Authors: Liao Rongqiang , Lv Pin , Wang Qian , Zheng Jiaoni , Feng Bing , Yang Bo
Published: July 2017

Cyclodextrin-based biological stimuli-responsive carries are of particular interest in smart and precision medicine, owing to their impressive capability to enable the on-demand drug release in response to specific biological stimuli in the microenvironment of the target tissue or organ.
A new route for the synthesis of a Ag nanopore–inlay–nanogap structure: integrated Ag-core@graphene-shell@Ag-jacket nanoparticles for high-efficiency SERS detection
Authors: Qiu Hengwei , Wang Minqiang , Yang Zhi , Jiang Shouzhen , Liu Yanjun , Li Le , Cao Minghui , Li Junjie
Published: July 2017

A new route for the synthesis of Ag-core@graphene-shell@Ag-jacket nanoparticles, that contain abundant sub-10 nm size intraparticle nanopores/nanogaps.
Alkane-length sorting using activated pillar[5]arene crystals
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Sueto Ryuta , Hamada Yukie , Doitomi Kazuki , Hirao Hajime , Sakata Yoko , Akine Shigehisa , Kakuta Takahiro , Yamagishi Tada-aki
Published: July 2017

When activated pillar[5]arene crystals were immersed into a mixture of n-alkanes with various chain lengths, the crystals preferentially took up n-alkanes with longer chain lengths.
Amino acid-assisted controlling the shapes of rutile, brookite for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Truong Quang Duc , Le Thi Hang , Hoa Huu Thu
Published: July 2017

Rutile and brookite titania with tunable shape have been synthesized. The investigation results show that the photcatalytic CO2 reduction activity of rutile increases with increasing percentage of {111} surface and brookite with exposed {210} facets exhibit a notable photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol.
Investigation of the effect of polar functional groups on the crystal structures of indium MOFs
Authors: Krüger Martin , Albat Martin , Inge A. Ken , Stock Norbert
Published: July 2017

–NH2/–NO2 functionalized linker resulted in In-MOF structures with qtz or ncb topology, containing [In(−CO2)4]− polyhedra and ultra-tetrahedra, respectively.
Pyranose ring conformations in mono- and oligosaccharides: a combined MD and DFT approach
Authors: Gaweda Karolina , Plazinski Wojciech
Published: July 2017

A two-step computational protocol is proposed to efficiently study the conformational properties of hexopyranoses with a special emphasis on their ring-inversion-properties. By applying it, the errors resulting from overestimating the contribution of the hydrogen bond-rich, low-energy structures that are not abundant in aqueous solutions are avoided.
Two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks with high thermoelectric efficiency through metal ion selection
Authors: He Yuping , Spataru Catalin D. , Léonard Francois , Jones Reese E. , Foster Michael E. , Allendorf Mark D. , Alec Talin A.
Published: July 2017

The thermoelectric properties strongly depend on both the interaction between the metal ions and the ligands, and d orbital splitting of the metal ions induced by the ligands.
Phosphine-pyridonate ligands containing octahedral ruthenium complexes: access to esters and formic acid
Authors: Sahoo A. R. , Jiang F. , Bruneau C. , Sharma G. V. M. , Suresh S. , Roisnel T. , Dorcet V. , Achard M.
Published: July 2017

Selective formation of esters from primary alcohols or formic acid from carbon dioxide was achieved in the presence of phosphine-pyridone containing ruthenium catalysts.
Simultaneous determination of six rare earth elements in geological and spent catalyst samples using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry following dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Ramos Juliano Carvalho , Borges Daniel L. G.
Published: July 2017

The determination of Gd, La, Tb, Tm, Yb and Y in a variety of digested geological and catalyst samples was carried out using ETV-ICP-MS.
A novel 3-D bio-microfluidic system mimicking in vivo heterogeneous tumour microstructures reveals complex tumour–stroma interactions
Authors: Fan Qihui , Liu Ruchuan , Jiao Yang , Tian Chunxiu , Farrell James D. , Diao Wenwen , Wang Xiaochen , Zhang Fengrong , Yuan Wei , Han Haibo , Chen Jinfeng , Yang Yue , Zhang Xixiang , Ye Fangfu , Li Ming , Ouyang Zhongcan , Liu Liyu
Published: July 2017

A 3-D microfluidic system consisting of microchamber arrays embedded in a collagen hydrogel with tunable biochemical gradients was constructed for investigating interactions between invasive breast cancer cells and stromal cells.
Expediting dynamics approach to understand the influence of 14-3-3ζ causing metastatic cancer through the interaction of YAP1 and β-TRCP
Authors: D. Kamalesh , Ramireddy Sriroopreddy , P. Raguraman , C. Sudandiradoss
Published: July 2017

The 14-3-3ζ protein acts as a molecular switch in regulating the TGF-β pathway, which alters from a tumor suppressor in the early stage of breast cancer to a promoter of metastasis in the late stage.
Improved electrochemical performance of a Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode in a wide potential window for lithium-ion storage by surface N-doped carbon coating and bulk K-doping
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Zhihong , Liu Haimei , Wang Yonggang
Published: July 2017

The electrochemical performance of a Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode in a wide potential window for lithium-ion batteries is improved by combination of surface N-doped carbon coating and bulk K-doping.
FeOOH-Templated synthesis of hollow porous platinum nanotubes as superior electrocatalysts towards methanol electrooxidation
Authors: Sun Hao , Qi Lijuan , Jiang Xian , Fu Gengtao , Xu Lin , Sun Dongmei , Gu Zhenggui , Tang Yawen
Published: July 2017

Porous Pt nanotubes are synthesized via layer-by-layer assembly with FeOOH-nanorods as templates, exhibiting an impressive electrocatalytic performance towards methanol electrooxidation.
An evaluation of anion suitability for use in ionic liquids with long-term, high-temperature thermal stability
Authors: Benchea Adela , Siu Benjamin , Soltani Mohammad , McCants JaMichael H. , Salter E. Alan , Wierzbicki Andrzej , West Kevin N. , Davis, Jr. James H.
Published: July 2017

The stability of fourteen different PPN+ salts has been studied in 96 hour tests, in air, at temperatures of 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C.
Assembling phosphorene flexagons for 2D electron-density-guided nanopatterning and nanofabrication
Authors: Kang Kisung , Jang Woosun , Soon Aloysius
Published: July 2017

To build upon the structural diversity in the polymorphic phases of 2D phosphorene, we propose different assembly methods that involve four commonly reported parent phases (i.e. the α-, β-, γ-, and δ-phosphorene) in combination with the lately reported low-energy one-dimensional defects in α-phosphorene.
New organic–inorganic hybrid compounds based on [SiNb12V2O42]12− with high catalytic activity for styrene epoxidation
Authors: Zhang Ting-Ting , Zhang Xiao , Lü Ying , Li Guo-Dong , Xiao Li-Na , Cui Xiao-Bing , Xu Ji-Qing
Published: July 2017

A series of new organic–inorganic hybrid compounds based on [SiNb12V2O42]12− have been obtained under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by IR, XRD, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Novel bis(phthalocyaninato) rare earth complexes with the bulky and strong electron-donating dibutylamino groups: synthesis, spectroscopy, and SMM properties
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Ma Fang , Chen Xiaoxiang , Dong Bowei , Wang Kang , Jiang Shangda , Wang Chiming , Chen Xin , Qi Dongdong , Sun Haoling , Wang Bingwu , Gao Song , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: July 2017

Dibutylamino groups were incorporated onto the bis(phthalocyaninato) terbium, leading to excellent SIM performance.
Highly stereoselective synthesis and application of P-chiral ferrocenyl bisphosphorus ligands for asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Chen Caiyou , Wen Songwei , Dong Xiu-Qin , Zhang Xumu
Published: July 2017

New, efficient and highly stereoselective methods were developed for the synthesis/systematic modification of Wudaphos type ligands.
Wash-free colorimetric homogeneous immunoassay for Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
Authors: Guo Hong , Yuan Ya Hong , Niu Chen , Wang Zhouli , Qiu Yue , Yue Tian Li
Published: July 2017

A rapid and convenient AuNP-based method for detecting large microbes was developed.
1H NMR studies on serum metabonomic changes over time in a kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome model
Authors: Chen Ruiqun , Wang Jia , Liao Chengbin , Ma Na , Zhang Lei , Wang Xiufeng
Published: July 2017

The central aim of this study was to investigate metabolite changes in metabolic pathwaysviametabonomic approaches in rats suffering from Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome (KYDS) induced by hydrocortisone.
Rapid preparation of SnO2/C nanospheres by using organotin as building blocks and their application in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Liuqing , Zhang Haiyan , Li Zhaopeng , Zhong Weihao , Liao Haiyang , Li Zhenghui
Published: July 2017

SnO2/C nanospheres (∼500 nm) with ultrasmall SnO2 particles of 4 nm are prepared by using triphenyltin chloride as building blocks. The SnO2/C nanospheres show high lithium storage capacity and superior cycling stability.
A comparative analysis of antibacterial properties and inflammatory responses for the KR-12 peptide on titanium and PEGylated titanium surfaces
Authors: Nie Bin'en , Long Teng , Li Hui , Wang Xiaojie , Yue Bing
Published: July 2017

Covalent KR-12 peptide immobilisation on the Ti surface with a grafted PEG spacer showed remarkable antibacterial properties and reduced macrophage inflammatory responses.
Catalytic effect of MnFe2O4on dehydrogenation kinetics of NaAlH4–MgH2
Authors: Huang Yihui , Li Ping , Wan Qi , Liu Zhiwei , Zhao Wan , Zhang Jun , Pan Zhili , Xu Li , Qu Xuanhui
Published: July 2017

The MnFe2O4catalyst prepared by nitrate–citrate auto-combustion methods was used to enhance the dehydrogenation performance and cycle stability of NaAlH4–MgH2.
Hierarchical porous graphitic carbon for high-performance supercapacitors at high temperature
Authors: Chen Chong , Yu Dengfeng , Zhao Gongyuan , Sun Lei , Sun Yinyong , Leng Kunyue , Yu Miao , Sun Ye
Published: July 2017

Developing supercapacitors with high energy density without sacrificing the power density and cycle life has attracted enormous attention.
An asymmetric Brønsted acid-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with cyclic N-sulfimines
Authors: Lee Sang Gyu , Kim Sung-Gon
Published: July 2017

A highly enantioselective organocatalytic Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with cyclicN-sulfimines using a chiral phosphoric acid as an organocatalyst has been developed.
Purification of poly(acrylic acid) using a membrane ultra-filtration unit in flow
Authors: Brocken Laurens , Price Paul D. , Whittaker Jane , Baxendale Ian R.
Published: July 2017

We have developed methodology to synthesise aqueous soluble polymers such as poly(acrylic acid) in flow, enabling access to a variety of molecular weights.
Correction: A simple and traceless solid phase method simplifies the assembly of large peptides and the access to challenging proteins
Authors: Ollivier N. , Desmet R. , Drobecq H. , Blanpain A. , Boll E. , Leclercq B. , Mougel A. , Vicogne J. , Melnyk O.
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘A simple and traceless solid phase method simplifies the assembly of large peptides and the access to challenging proteins’ by N. Ollivier et al., Chem. Sci., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01912b.
Drop-on-coilable-fibre systems exhibit negative stiffness events and transitions in coiling morphology
Authors: Elettro Hervé , Vollrath Fritz , Antkowiak Arnaud , Neukirch Sébastien
Published: July 2017

A drop-on-coilable-fibre system experiences negative stiffness events as capillary-stored energy is transferred into mechanical curvature energy.
A metal-free and flexible supercapacitor based on redox-active lignosulfonate functionalized graphene hydrogels
Authors: Li Fengfeng , Wang Xiluan , Sun Runcang
Published: July 2017

A metal-free and flexible supercapacitor was prepared based on redox-active lignosulfonate functionalized graphene hydrogels.
Surface polycondensation as an effective tool to activate organic crystals: from “boxed” semiconductors for water oxidation to 1d carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Lina , Shalom Menny , Zhao Yubao , Barrio Jesús , Antonietti Markus
Published: July 2017

A series of materials with high oxidation performance are prepared by supramolecular preorganization, whose morphology could change from cylinder to hollow carbon fibres.
Ultrahigh volumetric performance of a free-standing compact N-doped holey graphene/PANI slice for supercapacitors
Authors: Fan Zhimin , Cheng Zhongjun , Feng Jiayin , Xie Zhimin , Liu Yuyan , Wang Youshan
Published: July 2017

A novel facile strategy is implemented to prepare a free-standing compact holey graphene/PANI slice with ultrahigh volumetric capacitance and rate performance.
Designing N-doped carbon nanotubes and Fe–Fe3C nanostructures co-embedded in B-doped mesoporous carbon as an enduring cathode electrocatalyst for metal–air batteries
Authors: Nandan Ravi , Nanda K. K.
Published: July 2017

N-CNTs and Fe–Fe3C co-embedded mesoporous boron-doped carbon (BFNCNTs) nanostructures, were designed and demonstrated as an air-cathode electrocatalyst for metal–air batteries and powering of LEDs.
Precise correlation of macroscopic mechanical properties and microscopic structures of animal silks—using Antheraea pernyi silkworm silk as an example
Authors: Fang Guangqiang , Tang Yuzhao , Qi Zeming , Yao Jinrong , Shao Zhengzhong , Chen Xin
Published: July 2017

The structure of wild silkworm silk can be controlled by reeling rate, thus regulating its mechanical performance from close to spider dragline silk to domestic silkworm silk.
Inkjet printing of oxide thin film transistor arrays with small spacing with polymer-doped metal nitrate aqueous ink
Authors: Wu Shaojing , Zhang Qing , Chen Zheng , Mo Lixin , Shao Shuangshuang , Cui Zheng
Published: July 2017

Minimizing the spacing of inkjet printed oxide arrays for thin film transistors via combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) doping in ink and HMDS treatment of substrates.
High-performance wide-bandgap copolymers based on indacenodithiophene and indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene units
Authors: Cai Yunhao , Zhang Xiaolong , Xue Xiaonan , Wei Donghui , Huo Lijun , Sun Yanming
Published: July 2017

We demonstrated the synthesis and characterization of two polymers, IDT-T1 and IDTT-T1, to investigate the effect of extending the π-conjugation length on the properties of the copolymers.
Ultrahigh electromagnetic interference shielding performance of lightweight, flexible, and highly conductive copper-clad carbon fiber nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Lee Jinpyo , Liu Yanan , Liu Yang , Park Soo-Jin , Park Mira , Kim Hak Yong
Published: July 2017

Lightweight, flexible, and highly conductive Cu-clad carbon fiber nonwoven fabrics were developed as superior EMI shielding materialsviafacile and controllable wet-laid and electroless technologies.
Dual emission and multi-stimuli-response in iridium(iii) complexes with aggregation-induced enhanced emission: applications for quantitative CO2 detection
Authors: Climent Clàudia , Alam Parvej , Pasha Sheik Saleem , Kaur Gurpreet , Choudhury Angshuman Roy , Laskar Inamur Rahaman , Alemany Pere , Casanova David
Published: July 2017

An Ir(iii) complex with AIEE, fluorescence and phosphorescence emission, acid/base sensing in the solid state and quantitative CO2 detection.
Intrinsic and interfacial kinetics of perovskite solar cells under photo and bias-induced degradation and recovery
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Prochowicz Daniel , Alharbi Essa A. , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael
Published: July 2017

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a potential candidate for high efficiency low-cost photovoltaic technology.
Higher urinary bisphenol A concentration and excessive iodine intake are associated with nodular goiter and papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Zhenzhen , Zhang Jing , Jiang Fang , Xie Yan , Zhang Xiaochen , Jiang Ling
Published: July 2017

In the present study, we investigated whether bisphenol A (BPA) levels and excessive iodine intake were associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and nodular goiter (NG). We determined total BPA concentrations (TBC) in paired serum and urine samples, and urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) in urine samples collected from PTC patients, NG patients, and healthy individuals, then compared BPA concentrations and UIC within and between each patient group. The results showed that there were no gender-specific differences in serum TBC and UIC in each group, and no differences across all patient groups. Urinary BPA concentrations (UBC) were higher in the NG and PTC groups compared with the control group. UBC showed gender-specific differences in the NG and PTC group. Furthermore, UIC were higher in the NG and PTC groups compared with the control group. Higher UBC and excessive iodine intake were risk factors for NG and PTC according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. There was a significant correlation between UBC and UIC in each group. These data suggested that higher UBC and excessive iodine intake are associated with NG and PTC. The metabolic and functional pathways between BPA and iodine are potentially linked to the pathogenesis and progression of NG and PTC.
PWM–PFM hybrid controlled LCC resonant converter with wide ZVS range and narrow switching frequency variation
Authors: Chen Yiming , Xu Jianping , Cao Jing , Lin Leiming , Ma Hongbo
Published: July 2017

Variable frequency controlled LCC resonant converter suffers from wide variation of switching frequency. Although fixed frequency controlled LCC resonant converter benefits from constant switching frequency, it suffers from narrow zero voltage switching (ZVS) range of power switch and high circulating energy. A pulse width modulation – pulse frequency modulation (PWM‐PFM) hybrid controlled LCC resonant converter is proposed to achieve wide ZVS range of power switch with narrow variation of switching frequency. Experiment results of a 500 W prototype are provided to verify theoretical analysis of the proposed converter.
Monitoring of atopic dermatitis using leaky coaxial cable
Authors: Dong Binbin , Ren Aifeng , Shah Syed Aziz , Hu Fangming , Zhao Nan , Yang Xiaodong , Haider Daniyal , Zhang Zhiya , Zhao Wei , Abbasi Qammer Hussain
Published: July 2017

In our daily life, inadvertent scratching may increase the severity of skin diseases (such as atopic dermatitis etc.). However, people rarely pay attention to this matter, so the known measurement behaviour of the movement is also very little. Nevertheless, the behaviour and frequency of scratching represent the degree of itching, and the analysis of scratching frequency is helpful to the doctor's clinical dosage. In this Letter, a novel system is proposed to monitor the scratching motion of a sleeping human body at night. The core device of the system is just a leaky coaxial cable (LCX) and a router. Commonly, LCX is used in the blind field or semi‐blindfield in wireless communication. The new idea is that the leaky cable is placed on the bed, and then the state information of physical layer of wireless communication channels is acquired to identify the scratching motion and other small body movements in the human sleep process. The results show that it can be used to detect the movement and its duration. Channel state information (CSI) packet is collected by card installed in the computer based on the 802.11n protocol. The characterisation of the scratch motion in the collected CSI is unique, so it can be distinguished from the wireless channel amplitude variation trend.
Linear time complexity sorting algorithms for electromagnetic transient simulation of MMC‐HVdc system
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Xu Yiliang , Zhao Yuchen , Zhao Chengyong , Ding Hui , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2017

In the electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation programs, the candidate integration methods backward Euler (BE) method and Trapezoidal rule (TR) are normally used to discretise the submodule capacitors in modular multilevel converter (MMCs). This study proposes linear time complexity sorting algorithms for nearest level control‐based BE and TR MMC models to further accelerate the EMT simulation of the equivalent MMC‐HVdc models. First, the capacitor voltage increments in the charging and discharging processes are investigated from an EMT point of view. Second, for both BE and TR methods, although the actual capacitor voltage increments are not identical at each time step, the voltage ranking of the capacitors from the same inserted/bypassed category at each control period are proved to be unchanged. Taking this advantage, when preparing the entire ranked voltage table for the next control period, the sorting can be significantly simplified since one only needs to compare the capacitor voltages from capacitor categories of ascending orders. Third, when implementing the sorting algorithms, at most (N –1) comparisons for BE model and (2N –3) comparisons for TR model are required, showing that the proposed sorting algorithms have linear time complexities. Finally, all the proposed approaches are validated by EMT simulations on MATLAB/Simulink.
Novel low‐latency, high‐resolution and low‐cost time synchronisation
Authors: Aghdaei Ali , (Reza) Zekavat Seyed A.
Published: July 2017

This study presents an oversampling‐based low‐latency, high‐resolution and low‐cost timing synchronisation technique for digital receivers. Traditional timing synchronisation employs matched filter to estimate the signal coarse time of arrival. Here, latency increases through oversampling and resolution improves via higher bandwidth. The proposed method uses single bit quantisation to employ XNOR blocks instead of multiplier and accumulator blocks in the traditional method. This substantially decreases complexity incorporating less field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) surface area.
Structure of the harmonic oscillator in the space of n-particle Glauber correlators
Authors: Zubizarreta Casalengua E. , López Carreño J. C. , del Valle E. , Laussy F. P.
Published: July 2017

We map the Hilbert space of the quantum harmonic oscillator to the space of Glauber’s nth-order intensity correlators, in effect showing “the correlations between the correlators” for a random sampling of the quantum states. In particular, we show how the popular g(2) function is correlated to the mean population and how a recurrent criterion to identify single-particle states or emitters, namely, g(2)<1/2, actually identifies states with at most two particles on average. Our charting of the Hilbert space allows us to capture its structure in a simpler and physically more intuitive way that can be used to classify quantum sources by surveying which territory they can access.
On the Raman instability in degenerate relativistic plasmas
Authors: Chanturia G. T. , Berezhiani V. I. , Mahajan S. M.
Published: July 2017

The stimulated Raman scattering instability in a fully degenerate electron plasma is studied applying relativistic hydrodynamic and Maxwell equations. We demonstrated that the instability develops for weakly and strongly relativistic degenerate plasmas. It is shown that in the field of strong radiation, a degenerate relativistic plasma effectively responses as in the case of weak degeneracy.
Time reversal invariance of quantum kinetic equations: Nonequilibrium Green functions formalism
Authors: Scharnke Miriam , Schlünzen Niclas , Bonitz Michael
Published: July 2017

Time reversal symmetry is a fundamental property of many quantum mechanical systems. The relation between statistical physics and time reversal is subtle and not all statistical theories conserve this particular symmetry, most notably hydrodynamic equations and kinetic equations such as the Boltzmann equation. In this article, it is shown analytically that quantum kinetic generalizations of the Boltzmann equation that are derived using the nonequilibrium Green functions formalism as well as all approximations that stem from Φ-derivable self-energies are time reversal invariant.
Norms of quantum Gaussian multi-mode channels
Authors: Frank Rupert L. , Lieb Elliott H.
Published: July 2017

We compute the Sp→Sp norm of a general Gaussian gauge-covariant multi-mode channel for any 1 ≤ p < ∞, where Sp is a Schatten space. As a consequence, we verify the Gaussian optimizer conjecture and the multiplicativity conjecture in these cases.
A study of growth and thermal dewetting behavior of ultra-thin gold films using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Sudheer  , Mondal Puspen , Rai V. N. , Srivastava A. K.
Published: July 2017

The growth and solid-state dewetting behavior of Au thin films (0.7 to 8.4 nm) deposited on the formvar film (substrate) by sputtering technique have been studied using transmission electron microscopy. The size and number density of the Au nanoparticles (NPs) change with an increase in the film thickness (0.7 to 2.8 nm). Nearly spherical Au NPs are obtained for <3 nm thickness films whereas percolated nanostructures are observed for ≥3 nm thickness films as a consequence of the interfacial interaction of Au and formvar film. The covered area fraction (CAF) increases from ∼13 to 75 % with the change in film thickness from 0.7 to 8.4 nm. In-situ annealing of ≤3 nm film produces comparatively bigger size and better sphericity Au NPs along with their narrow distributions, whereas just percolated film produces broad distribution in size having spherical as well as elongated Au NPs. The films with thickness ≤3 nm show excellent thermal stability. The films having thickness >6 nm show capability to be used as an irreversible temperature sensor with a sensitivity of ∼0.1 CAF/°C. It is observed that annealing affects the crystallinity of the Au grains in the films. The electron diffraction measurement also shows annealing induced morphological evolution in the percolated Au thin films (≥3 nm) during solid-state dewetting and recrystallization of the grains.
Nudged elastic band calculation of the binding potential for liquids at interfaces
Authors: Buller Oleg , Tewes Walter , Archer Andrew J. , Heuer Andreas , Thiele Uwe , Gurevich Svetlana V.
Published: July 2017

The wetting behavior of a liquid on solid substrates is governed by the nature of the effective interaction between the liquid-gas and the solid-liquid interfaces, which is described by the binding or wetting potential g(h) which is an excess free energy per unit area that depends on the liquid film height h. Given a microscopic theory for the liquid, to determine g(h), one must calculate the free energy for liquid films of any given value of h, i.e., one needs to create and analyze out-of-equilibrium states, since at equilibrium there is a unique value of h, specified by the temperature and chemical potential of the surrounding gas. Here we introduce a Nudged Elastic Band (NEB) approach to calculate g(h) and illustrate the method by applying it in conjunction with a microscopic lattice density functional theory for the liquid. We also show that the NEB results are identical to those obtained with an established method based on using a fictitious additional potential to stabilize the non-equilibrium states. The advantages of the NEB approach are discussed.
Microstructure analysis of silicon nanocrystals formed from silicon rich oxide with high excess silicon: Annealing and doping effects
Authors: Nomoto K. , Yang T. C. J. , Ceguerra A. V. , Zhang T. , Lin Z. , Breen A. , Wu L. , Puthen-Veettil B. , Jia X. , Conibeer G. , Perez-Wurfl I. , Ringer S. P.
Published: July 2017

Thin films consisting of silicon nanocrystals fabricated by high silicon content in silicon rich oxide show unique properties of decreasing resistivity and increasing light absorption while maintaining quantum confinement effects. With that said, the effect of the annealing temperature and doping element on the microscopic structure of silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) and the film are still under research. In this study, individual intrinsic, boron-, and phosphorus-doped films are annealed at various temperatures, and their structural properties are analyzed via atom probe tomography together with glancing incidence x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy (Raman), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy filtered TEM. In addition, photoluminescence (PL) is performed and linked with their microstructural properties. The Si NC growth is confirmed at annealing temperatures of 1000 °C and 1100 °C. The microstructure of the Si NCs in the whole film is dramatically changed by increasing the annealing temperature from 1000 °C to 1100 °C. In addition, doping changes the arrangement of the Si NCs by assisting their penetration across the SiO2 barrier layers. This study helps to understand the relationship between the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the Si NC film, showing that the size and distribution of the Si NCs are correlated with the obtained PL profiles.
Temperature dependence of interlayer exchange interaction in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 heterostructure
Authors: Demidov V. V. , Ovsyannikov G. A.
Published: July 2017

The parameters of the planar magnetic anisotropy and exchange interaction both in the epitaxial manganite/ruthenate (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3) heterostructure and in the manganite film (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) have been studied using the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique in the temperature range of 30–300 K. The temperature dependence of bilinear and biquadratic interlayer exchange interaction has been obtained from the angular dependences of the FMR spectra. It is shown that the interaction is determined by the short-wavelength oscillations of the interlayer exchange which are associated with the magnetic ordering of the interlayer between the ferromagnetic layers.
Methane dissociation on Ni(111): A seven-dimensional to nine-dimensional quantum dynamics study
Authors: Shen Xiangjian , Zhang Zhaojun , Zhang Dong H.
Published: July 2017

As one benchmark system of CH4 dissociation on the Ni(111) surface, it is of great significance to explore the role of each degree of freedom (DOF) of reactant CH4 in its first C–H bond dissociation from quantum dynamics simulations. Here, the influence of the CH stretching DOF of methyl limited in C3v symmetry is quantitatively investigated as well as the important role of azimuth. We calculated the sticking probabilities, S0, of ground state (GS) CH4 dissociation on a rigid Ni(111) surface by performing some seven-dimensional to nine-dimensional (9D) quantum dynamics simulations based on one highly accurate and fifteen-dimensional (15D) ab initio potential energy surface which we recently developed. Our direct quantum dynamics results show that S0 of GS CH4 on four given surface impact sites are weakly enhanced by adding the CH stretching DOF of methyl but strongly weakened by the DOF of azimuth. Furthermore, using a 9D quantum dynamics model, we improve the post-treatment model for treating the influence of surface impact sites through a linear relationship between the effective potential barriers and the distances relative to that on the transition state site. These developed high-dimensional quantum dynamics models and improved post-treatments can be usefully extended for studying some complex polyatomic gas-surface reactions by other theoretical groups.
Enhanced sensing of gas molecules by a 99.9% semiconducting carbon nanotube-based field-effect transistor sensor
Authors: Jeon Minsu , Choi Bongsik , Yoon Jinsu , Kim Dong Myong , Kim Dae Hwan , Park Inkyu , Choi Sung-Jin
Published: July 2017

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been regarded as a promising material for highly sensitive gas sensors due to their excellent material properties combined with their one-dimensional structural advantages, i.e., a high surface-to-volume ratio. Here we demonstrate a CNT-based gas sensor based on assembling highly purified, solution-processed 99.9% semiconducting CNT networks bridged by palladium source/drain electrodes in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration with a local back-gate electrode. We investigated the gas responses of the CNT-FETs under different controlled operating regimes for the enhanced detection of H2 and NO2 gases using sensors with various physical dimensions. With the aid of the CNTs with high semiconducting purity (99.9%), we achieved excellent electrical properties and gas responses in the sensors and clearly determined that the operating regimes and physical dimensions of the sensors should be appropriately adjusted for enhanced sensing performance, depending on the gas molecules to be detected.
Investigation of the properties of semiconductor wafer bonding in multijunction solar cells via metal-nanoparticle arrays
Authors: Tayagaki Takeshi , Makita Kikuo , Mizuno Hidenori , Sugaya Takeyoshi
Published: July 2017

Semiconductor wafer bonding has gained attention for its use in the design of efficient optoelectronic devices. Here, we report the observation of the properties of semiconductor wafer bonding via metal nanoparticle arrays based on the current-voltage and reflectance measurements of multijunction solar cells. Based on our observation of temporal changes in current-voltage characteristics and reflectance, we have revealed that reduced contact resistance at the bonded interface involves two processes: van der Waals bonding, which occurs within a few minutes, and diffusion bonding of metal nanoparticles, which occurs in a time scale of days. The mechanism of wafer bonding via metal nanoparticles is discussed based on its dynamical aspects, including the roles of liquid capillarity and alloy formation at the interface.
Low-frequency noise characteristics of lamellar ferrielectric crystal CuInP2S6 at the phase transition
Authors: Zamaraite I. , Matukas J. , Pralgauskaite S. , Vysochanskii Yu. , Banys J. , Dziaugys A.
Published: July 2017

The detailed investigations of low-frequency noise characteristics of a ferrielectric CuInP2S6 crystal are presented at the vicinity of phase transition. The white noise spectra are observed at room temperature. Voltage noise spectra are characterized by 1/f noise above the phase transition temperature. Lorentzian-type spectra were applied to investigate the normalized voltage fluctuation density, in order to obtain a deeper insight into the phenomenon of 1/f noise in the CuInP2S6 crystal. The analysis of experimental data revealed that the source of the 1/f noise in the CuInP2S6 crystal is the carrier number fluctuation due to the recombination between defect levels. The obtained results indicate noise spectroscopy as being a reliable, sensitive, and non-destructive tool complementary to the other measurement techniques for the characterization of ferroelectric materials.
Compositions, thermodynamic properties, and transport coefficients of high-temperature C5F10O mixed with CO2 and O2 as substitutes for SF6 to reduce global warming potential
Authors: Zhong Linlin , Rong Mingzhe , Wang Xiaohua , Wu Junhui , Han Guiquan , Han Guohui , Lu Yanhui , Yang Aijun , Wu Yi
Published: July 2017

C5F10O has recently been found to be a very promising alternative to SF6. This paper is devoted to the investigation of compositions, thermodynamic properties, and transport coefficients of high-temperature C5F10O mixed with CO2 and O2. Firstly, the partition functions and enthalpies of formation for a few molecules (CxFy and CxFyO) which are likely to exist in the mixtures, are calculated based on the G4(MP2) theory. The isomers of the above molecules are selected according to their Gibbs energy. The compositions of C5F10O-CO2-O2 mixtures are then determined using the minimization of the Gibbs free energy. Next, the thermodynamic properties (mass density, specific enthalpy, and specific heat) are derived from the previously calculated compositions. Lastly, the transport coefficients (electrical conductivity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity) are calculated based on Chapman-Enskog method. It is found that, as an arc quenching gas, C5F10O could not recombine into itself with the temperature decreasing down to room temperature after the arc extinction. Besides, the key species at room temperature are always CF4, CO2, and C4F6 if graphite is not considered. When taken into account, graphite will replace C4F6 as one of the dominate particles. The mixing of CO2 with C5F10O plasma significantly affects the thermodynamic properties (e.g. vanishing and/or shifting of the peaks in specific heat) and transport coefficients (e.g. reducing viscosity and changing the number of peaks in thermal conductivity), while the addition of O2 with C5F10O-CO2 mixtures has no remarkable influence on both thermodynamic and transport properties.
Surprise routines in scientific writing
Authors: Tutin Agnès
Published: July 2017

Emotions are almost absent from scientific articles except surprise, which plays a specific role in this genre. Surprise markers such as contrairement à nos
attentes (‘contrary to our expectations’) or ce résultat relativement surprenant (‘this somewhat surprising result’) are used in the framework of a scientific prediction model, implicit or explicitly formulated. A corpus linguistic study of adjectival and verbal markers allows us to determine several trends: (a) contrary to other genres such as novels or newspaper articles, surprise is not polar, that is to say it is neither positive nor negative, but stylistically “neutral”, (b) surprise is far more source-oriented than experiencer-oriented, (c) surprise generally involves the reader as a witness, and contributes, with other rhetorical markers, to “interlocutive” dialogism, (d) surprise often occurs in a prefabricated discursive scenario including several steps: (i) prediction model, (ii) observed facts, (iii) expression of surprise (or absence of surprise), (iv) explanation of surprising facts. Finally, we can question the status of surprise as an affect in scientific writing. It seems to be more a state of consciousness associated with the observation of complex facts. In any case, it appears to be a complex state, with rich conceptual content.
Surprise in the GRID
Authors: Soriano Salinas Cristina Maria , Fontaine Johnny R.J. , Scherer Klaus R.
Published: July 2017

This paper analyses surprise in the framework of the GRID paradigm as part of a research project on the meaning of emotion words across languages and cultures. Based on psychological component theories of emotion, an online instrument was designed to rate the meaning of 24 emotion terms on 142 features of emotion. Data was collected for 23 languages in 27 countries. The mean rates within and across languages offer a semantic profile of the emotion terms. Results are presented on the meaning of “surprise” across languages and in English and French. The data also indicate four dimensions are necessary to describe the emotion space: valence, power, arousal and novelty. Novelty captures variation in suddenness and expectedness and differentiates surprise from other emotions, as well as types of emotion within a family, revealing itself as a relevant aspect of emotion universally encoded in our affective lexicons.
Expressing and describing surprise
Authors: Celle Agnès , Jugnet Anne , Lansari Laure , L’Hôte Emilie
Published: July 2017

This paper re-examines the well-established distinction between expression and description of emotion as regards surprise. First, the authors show that the expression of surprise does not involve the use of surprise lexemes, but rather mirative utterances and specific syntactic constructions (while the description of surprise involves surprise lexemes). Second, the investigation of the corpus data indicates that surprise lexemes – namely the noun surprise and the adjective surprised – differ from other emotion lexemes in that they do not systematically refer to the emotional state of an experiencer. The noun surprise can have such a state reading but can also evaluate a source seen as a salient unexpected referent. As for the adjective surprised, it may serve various argumentative strategies. These uses reflect the epistemic rather than emotional nature of surprise, which sets it apart from other emotions.
Global English, discourse and translation
Authors: House Juliane
Published: July 2017

This paper first briefly discusses the relationship between comparative discourse analyses of original and translated texts as the basis for revealing the behavior of a particular linguistic phenomenon in context and use. Concretely, the paper examines how global English impacts on translations from English into German with regard to so-called ‘linking constructions,’ a hitherto rather neglected area of connectivity in discourse. The analysis focusses on the forms, functions, distribution, and the translation equivalents in parallel and comparable corpora. Results indicate that the use of linking constructions differs substantially in English and German discourse, and these differences may well block English influence on German discourse norms via translation.
Ontogenetic Differences in Swimming Behavior of Fish Exposed to the Harmful Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides
Authors: Rountos Konstantine J. , Gobler Christopher J. , Pikitch Ellen K.
Published: July 2017

Blooms of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides present both lethal and sublethal threats to coastal marine organisms. Because prior studies of this harmful algal bloom (HAB) species have focused on its acute toxic effects on fish, there remains a limited understanding of the sublethal effects on the swimming behavior of fish when exposed to these blooms. We conducted a video‐based laboratory assessment of the effects of C. polykrikoides exposures on larval and juvenile fish swimming behavior. Juvenile and larval life stages of three forage species common to the U.S. East Coast were examined: wild Atlantic Silversides Menidia menidia, hatchery‐reared Inland Silversides M. beryllina, and hatchery‐reared Sheepshead Minnow Cyprinodon variegatus. Results showed that juvenile Atlantic Silversides and Inland Silversides exposed to C. polykrikoides concentrations of 102 cells/mL swam significantly further distances in comparison with their baseline (control) behavior. In an ecosystem context, the results of this research support field‐based studies demonstrating that when blooms of this HAB species are present, the relative abundance of fish declines (i.e., the fish presumably detect the blooms and swim away after exposure). Conversely, juvenile Sheepshead Minnow exhibited no increased swimming behavior when exposed, supporting previous studies indicating that this species is more resistant to C. polykrikoides toxicity. Importantly, no behavioral changes were found in experiments with larval conspecifics (i.e., Inland Silversides and Sheepshead Minnow), suggesting that younger life stages, which lack developed gills and olfactory systems, may be unable to detect the dinoflagellate. This clear ontogenetic difference implies that for certain fish species, reaching later life stages may provide a refuge to HAB toxicity.

Received March 26, 2017; accepted June 5, 2017 Published online August 9.2017