bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Born blonde: a recessive loss‐of‐function mutation in the melanocortin 1 receptor is associated with cream coat coloration inAntarctic fur seals
Authors: Peters Lucy , Humble Emily , Kröcker Nicole , Fuchs Birgit , Forcada Jaume , Hoffman Joseph I.
Published: July 2016

Although the genetic basis of color variation has been extensively studied in humans and domestic animals, the genetic polymorphisms responsible for different color morphs remain to be elucidated in many wild vertebrate species. For example, hypopigmentation has been observed in numerous marine mammal species but the underlying mutations have not been identified. A particularly compelling candidate gene for explaining color polymorphism is the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), which plays a key role in the regulation of pigment production. We therefore used Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) as a highly tractable marine mammal system with which to test for an association between nucleotide variation at theMC1Rand melanin‐based coat color phenotypes. By sequencing 70 wild‐type individuals with dark‐colored coats and 26 hypopigmented individuals with cream‐colored coats, we identified a nonsynonymous mutation that results in the substitution of serine with phenylalanine at an evolutionarily highly conserved structural domain. All of the hypopigmented individuals were homozygous for the allele coding for phenylalanine, consistent with a recessive loss‐of‐function allele. In order to test for cryptic population structure, which can generate artefactual associations, and to evaluate whether homozygosity at theMC1Rcould be indicative of low genome‐wide heterozygosity, we also genotyped all of the individuals at 50 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We were unable to detect any population structure and also found that wild‐type and hypopigmented individuals did not differ significantly in their standardized multilocus heterozygosity. Such a lack of association implies that hypopigmented individuals are unlikely to suffer disproportionately from inbreeding depression, and hence, we have no reason to believe that they are at a selective disadvantage in the wider population.
Hydrologic characteristics, food resource abundance, and spatial variation in stream assemblages
Authors: Niu Sophia Qian , Knouft Jason H.
Published: July 2016

A primary focus of ecological research is to characterize the factors responsible for patterns in biodiversity and assemblage structure along gradients of resources and environmental conditions. In addition to biotic and abiotic factors, the spatial relatedness of locations can also influence assemblage patterns and should be accounted for when inferring the influences of environmental factors on assemblage structure. To address this issue, we examined the influences of hydrology, food resources, and a spatial component by comparing assemblage attributes of fishes and macroinvertebrates at 13 sites in the Meramec River watershed, southeastern Missouri, USA. Redundancy analyses and multiple regression techniques were used to predict variation in species composition, richness, and abundance. Results suggest that spatial processes play an important role in structuring fish assemblages, while macroinvertebrates are regulated to a greater extent by local environmental conditions. Additionally, hydrologic variability, alone or in combination with resource abundance and habitat quality, explains considerable amounts of variation in composition, richness, and abundance of fishes and macroinvertebrates. In particular, fish species richness increases with increasing flow variability, potentially because the majority of species are characterized by opportunistic and equilibrium life history strategies, which are favored by hydrologic variability; we also observed negative effects of extreme hydrologic variability on macroinvertebrate taxon richness. Overall, these results demonstrate the importance of natural flow regimes for explaining spatial variation in aquatic assemblages at the within‐watershed scale and point to the strength of a framework integrating hydrologic variability, resource abundance, and spatial relatedness when predicting assemblage patterns in freshwater systems.
IL‐4 and IL‐15 promotion of virtual memory CD8+ T cells is determined by genetic background
Authors: Tripathi Pulak , Morris Suzanne C. , Perkins Charles , Sholl Allyson , Finkelman Fred D. , Hildeman David A.
Published: July 2016

Virtual memory (VM) CD8+ T cells are present in unimmunized mice, yet possess T‐cell receptors specific for foreign antigens. To date, VM cells have only been characterized in C57BL/6 mice. Here, we assessed the cytokine requirements for VM cells in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. As reported previously, VM cells in C57BL/6 mice rely mostly on IL‐15 and marginally on IL‐4. In stark contrast, VM cells in BALB/c mice rely substantially on IL‐4 and marginally on IL‐15. Further, NKT cells are the likely source of IL‐4, because CD1d‐deficient mice on a BALB/c background have significantly fewer VM cells. Notably, this NKT/IL‐4 axis contributes to appropriate effector and memory T‐cell responses to infection in BALB/c mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice. However, the effects of IL‐4 are manifest prior to, rather than during, infection. Thus, cytokine‐mediated control of the precursor population affects the development of virus‐specific CD8+ T‐cell memory. Depending upon the genetic background, different cytokines encountered before infection may influence the subsequent ability to mount primary and memory anti‐viral CD8+ T‐cell responses.
Capillary electrophoresis coupled to contactless conductivity detection for analysis of amino acids of agricultural interest in composting
Authors: Cappelini Luciana Teresa Dias , de Fátima Menegoci Eugênio Patrícia , Leão Paulo Augusto Gomes Carneiro , Alberice Juliana Vieira , Urbaczek Ana Carolina , Assunção Nilson Antonio , Juliano Luiz , Carrilho Emanuel
Published: July 2016

Composting is a sustainable approach to manage animal and vegetal waste generated in the Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. The resulting compost is often used in ZOO's premises as an organic fertilizer for the production of vegetables, which is further used to feed the animals. The composting product provides many forms of mineral and also amino acids (AA) that are absorbed by plants as nutrients. Since most amino acids absorb only slightly or not at all in the UV wavelengths, we developed a method for the determination of AA of agricultural interest in the composting samples. Due to the complexity of samples, we used ion exchange chromatography for the purification of AA prior to analysis. The proposed CZE‐C4D method allowed a separation of the AA in a short analysis time (less than 3.0 min), with great linearity (with R2 ranging from 0.993 to 0.998). Using a BGE of 10 mmol/L TEA, reduction of high‐frequency noise and lower baseline fluctuations were obtained. The LOQ for the five AA were around 35 μmol/L, and were adequate for our purpose. In addition, the method showed good precision (RSD of peak area and migration time less than 1.55 and 1.16%, respectively).
A simple phase transition relaxation solver for liquid–vapor flows
Authors: Chiapolino Alexandre , Boivin Pierre , Saurel Richard
Published: July 2016

Determining liquid–vapor phase equilibrium is often required in multiphase flow computations. Existing equilibrium solvers are either accurate but computationally expensive or cheap but inaccurate. The present paper aims at building a fast and accurate specific phase equilibrium solver, specifically devoted to unsteady multiphase flow computations. Moreover, the solver is efficient at phase diagram bounds, where non‐equilibrium pure liquid and pure gas are present. It is systematically validated against solutions based on an accurate (but expensive) solver. Its capability to deal with cavitating, evaporating, and condensing two‐phase flows is highlighted on severe test problems both 1D and 2D. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extreme precipitation time trends in Ontario, 1960–2010
Authors: Soulis E. D. , Sarhadi A. , Tinel M. , Suthar M.
Published: July 2016

The impact of climate change on the behaviour of intensity–duration–frequency curves is critical to the estimation of design storms, and thus to the safe design of drainage infrastructure. The present study develops a regional time trend methodology that detects the impact of climate change on extreme precipitation from 1960 to 2010. The regional time trend linear regression method is fitted to different durations of annual maximum precipitation intensities derived from multiple sites in Ontario, Canada. The results show the relationship between climate change and increased extreme precipitation in this province. The regional trend analysis demonstrates, under nonstationary conditions arising from climate change, that the intensity of extreme precipitation increased decennially between 1.25% for the 30‐min storm and 1.82% for the 24‐h storm. A comparison of the results with a regional Mann–Kendall test validates the found regional time‐trend results. The results are employed to extrapolate the intensity–duration–frequency curves temporally and spatially for future decades across the province. The results of the regional time trend assessment help with the establishment of new safety margins for infrastructure design in Ontario. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the risk of severe and life‐threatening thromboembolism in cancer patients receiving anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab)
Authors: Miroddi Marco , Sterrantino Carmelo , Simmonds Mark , Caridi Luigi , Calapai Gioacchino , Phillips Robert S. , Stewart Lesley A.
Published: July 2016

Cancer‐associated thromboembolism is a substantial problem in clinical practice. An increase in the level of fibrinopeptide A (a substance associated with hypercoagulable states) has been observed in humans exposed to fluorouracil. Anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab, which are now widely used in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, could prolong the uncovering of endothelial structures resulting from flouorouracil or other co‐administered agents, thus favouring several factors leading to thromboembolism. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised, controlled trials assessing whether cancer patients receiving anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab are at increased risk of thromboembolic events. We searched electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Central) and reference lists. Phase II/III randomised, controlled trials comparing standard anti‐cancer regimens with or without anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies and reporting serious venous thromboembolic events were included in the analysis. Seventeen studies (12,870 patients) were considered for quantitative analysis. The relative risk (RR) for venous thromboembolism (18 comparisons) was 1.46 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.69); the RR of pulmonary embolism, on the basis of eight studies providing nine comparisons, was 1.55 (1.20 to 2.00). Cancer patients receiving anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies‐containing regimens are approximately 1.5 times more likely to experience venous or pulmonary embolism, compared to those treated with the same regimens without anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Clinicians should consider patient's baseline thromboembolic risk when selecting regimens that include cetuximab or panitumumab. Potential non‐reporting of these important adverse events remains a concern. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42014009165.
Postmenopausal breast cancer risk and interactions between body mass index, menopausal hormone therapy use, and vitamin D supplementation: Evidence from the E3N cohort
Authors: Cadeau Claire , Fournier Agnès , Mesrine Sylvie , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Fagherazzi Guy , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine
Published: July 2016

Experimental studies suggest protective effects of vitamin D on breast carcinogenesis, but epidemiological evidence is not conclusive. Body mass index (BMI) has been shown to modulate the effect of supplementation on the vitamin D status, but its potential influence on the relationship with breast cancer risk has been little studied. We investigated a potential interaction between BMI and vitamin D supplementation on breast cancer risk while considering an already reported interaction between vitamin D supplementation and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use. Vitamin D supplementation was prospectively investigated in 57,403 postmenopausal women from the French E3N cohort including 2,482 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed between 1995 and 2008. Multivariable hazard ratios (HR) for primary invasive breast cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox models. Among MHT ever users, vitamin D supplementation was associated with decreased breast cancer risk, similarly across BMI strata (Phomogeneity = 0.83). Among MHT never users, ever vitamin D supplementation was associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk in women with baseline BMI <25 kg/m2 (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.02), but not in women with higher BMI (0.98, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.56), Phomogeneity = 0.12. In conclusion, our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may reduce the excess breast cancer risk in MHT users, but draw attention on a potential risk in postmenopausal women not exposed to high exogenous or endogenous hormones, i.e. non‐overweight MHT‐non users, especially in the present context of increasing vitamin D supplement use and decreasing MHT use.
Re‐detection vs. new acquisition of high‐risk human papillomavirus in mid‐adult women
Authors: Fu Tsung‐Chieh (Jane) , Carter Joseph J. , Hughes James P. , Feng Qinghua , Hawes Stephen E. , Schwartz Stephen M. , Xi Long Fu , Lasof Taylor , Stern Joshua E. , Galloway Denise A. , Koutsky Laura A. , Winer Rachel L.
Published: July 2016

To understand high‐risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) epidemiology in mid‐adulthood, we assessed whether associations between incident detection of hrHPV DNA and recent sexual behavior differed according to whether or not there was serologic evidence of prior infection. From 2011 to 2012, we enrolled 409 women aged 30–50 years into a 6‐month longitudinal study. We collected health and sexual behavior histories, enrollment sera for HPV antibody testing, and monthly self‐collected vaginal swabs for HPV DNA genotyping. Generalized estimating equations logistic regression identified risk factors for type‐specific incident hrHPV DNA, stratified by type‐specific hrHPV serostatus at enrollment. Population attributable risks of hrHPV due to prior and recent exposure were estimated. When type‐specific hrHPV serology was negative, recent sexual risk behavior was positively associated with incident hrHPV DNA (odds ratio in women reporting ≥3 recent sexual risk behaviors [e.g., new or multiple partners] vs. no recent sexual activity = 9.8, 95% CI: 2.4–40.6). No associations with recent sexual behavior were observed with positive type‐specific hrHPV serology. Thirty percent of incident hrHPV DNA detection was attributable to prior infection (with positive serology) and 40% was attributable to recent sexual risk behavior (with negative serology). The proportion of incident hrHPV DNA detection attributable to recent sexual risk behavior decreased with increasing age. Among women with serologic evidence of prior infection, re‐detection of the same hrHPV type is likely due to reactivation or intermittent detection of persistent infection. Without serologic evidence of prior infection, new detection is likely due to new acquisition or to intermittent detection of persisting infection.
A comparison of a modified sequential oral sensory approach to an applied behavior‐analytic approach in the treatment of food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Peterson Kathryn M. , Piazza Cathleen C. , Volkert Valerie M.
Published: July 2016

Treatments of pediatric feeding disorders based on applied behavior analysis (ABA) have the most empirical support in the research literature (Volkert & Piazza, 2012); however, professionals often recommend, and caregivers often use, treatments that have limited empirical support. In the current investigation, we compared a modified sequential oral sensory approach (M‐SOS; Benson, Parke, Gannon, & Muñoz, 2013) to an ABA approach for the treatment of the food selectivity of 6 children with autism. We randomly assigned 3 children to ABA and 3 children to M‐SOS and compared the effects of treatment in a multiple baseline design across novel, healthy target foods. We used a multielement design to assess treatment generalization. Consumption of target foods increased for children who received ABA, but not for children who received M‐SOS. We subsequently implemented ABA with the children for whom M‐SOS was not effective and observed a potential treatment generalization effect during ABA when M‐SOS preceded ABA.
Contingencies promote delay tolerance
Authors: Ghaemmaghami Mahshid , Hanley Gregory P. , Jessel Joshua
Published: July 2016

The effectiveness of functional communication training as treatment for problem behavior depends on the extent to which treatment can be extended to typical environments that include unavoidable and unpredictable reinforcement delays. Time‐based progressive delay (TBPD) often results in the loss of acquired communication responses and the resurgence of problem behavior, whereas contingency‐based progressive delay (CBPD) appears to be effective for increasing tolerance for delayed reinforcement. No direct comparison of TBPD and CBPD has, however, been conducted. We used single‐subject designs to compare the relative efficacy of TBPD and CBPD. Four individuals who engaged in problem behavior (e.g., aggression, vocal and motor disruptions, self‐injury) participated. Results were consistent across all participants, and showed lower rates of problem behavior and collateral responses during CBPD than during TBPD. The generality of CBPD treatment effects, including optimal rates of communication and compliance with demands, was demonstrated across a small but heterogeneous group of participants, reinforcement contingencies, and contexts.
Skeletal Fluorosis Due To Inhalation Abuse of a Difluoroethane-Containing Computer Cleaner
Authors: Tucci Joseph R , Whitford Gary M , McAlister William H , Novack Deborah V , Mumm Steven , Keaveny Tony M , Whyte Michael P
Published: July 2016

Skeletal fluorosis (SF) is endemic in many countries and millions of people are affected worldwide, whereas in the United States SF is rare with occasional descriptions of unique cases. We report a 28-year-old American man who was healthy until 2 years earlier when he gradually experienced difficulty walking and an abnormal gait, left hip pain, loss of mobility in his right wrist and forearm, and progressive deformities including enlargement of the digits of both hands. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of his lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and the one-third forearm revealed bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores of +6.2, +4.8, +3.0, and –0.2, respectively. Serum, urine, and bone fluoride levels were all elevated and ultimately explained by chronic sniffing abuse of a computer cleaner containing 1,1-difluoroethane. Our findings reflect SF due to the unusual cause of inhalation abuse of difluoroethane. Because this practice seems widespread, particularly in the young, there may be many more such cases. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Adults’ Explanations for Intimate Partner Violence During Childhood and Associated Effects
Authors: Graham‐Bermann Sandra A. , Cater Åsa K. , Miller‐Graff Laura E. , Howell Kathryn H.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is known to challenge children's optimal development. This study sought to associate participants’ beliefs about IPV held during childhood with their adjustment as adults, and to compare their beliefs from childhood to their beliefs in early adulthood.

Method

A nationally representative sample of 703 Swedish young adults reported on their past and present beliefs about the causes of their parents’ IPV. Standardized measures assessed their mental health (anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress symptoms) and the quality of their relationships as adults.

Results

The most common explanations for IPV were that the perpetrator suffered from physical or mental illness, had relationship problems, or was distressed. Participants were less likely to blame themselves for IPV or to believe that the perpetrator was cruel when they were adults, compared to their reports of themselves as children. Women were more likely to attribute mental or physical illness as the cause of the perpetrator's IPV. Childhood beliefs that the perpetrator was debilitated (from mental illness or substance abuse) and cruel (took pleasure in violence and/or despised the child) were associated with greater mental health problems and poorer relationship quality in adulthood.

Conclusion

Evaluation of children's harmful beliefs about IPV could be useful in adapting intervention services aimed at ameliorating negative personal causal attributions.
Attentional Control Scale for Children: Factor Structure and Concurrent Validity Among Children and Adolescents Referred for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Melendez Raquel , Bechor Michele , Rey Yasmin , Pettit Jeremy W. , Silverman Wendy K.
Published: July 2016

Objective

The present study examined the factor structure and concurrent validity of the Attentional Control Scale for Children (ACS‐C; Muris, de Jong, & Engelen, 2004), a youth self‐rating scale of attentional control.

Method

A multisource assessment approach was used with 186 children and adolescents referred to an anxiety disorders specialty clinic.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 2‐factor structure with internally consistent and moderately correlated subscales of Attentional Focusing and Attentional Shifting. Total ACS‐C and subscale scores demonstrated significant associations with youth and parent ratings of youth anxiety symptoms, youth self ratings of depressive symptoms, and youth diagnosis of attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder.

Conclusions

These findings support use of the ACS‐C as a self‐rating scale of attentional control among referred youth. Future research is encouraged to examine retest reliability of the ACS‐C and to evaluate whether its internal structure could be enhanced by removing or modifying items that performed poorly.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma inhibits tumor growth by negatively regulating nuclear factor‐κB activation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nojima Hiroyuki , Kuboki Satoshi , Shinoda Kimio , Shimizu Hiroaki , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Kato Atsushi , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Furukawa Katsunori , Takayashiki Tsukasa , Miyazaki Masaru
Published: July 2016

Background

The prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor because of its rapid progression. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ) is known to inhibit tumor growth in vitro; however, the behavior of PPARγ in clinical cases of HCC remains uncertain.

Methods

Surgical specimens were collected from 104 HCC patients. The anti‐neoplastic effects of PPARγ were evaluated.

Results

PPARγ and its ligand expression were increased in some cases of HCC. When HCC patients were divided into two groups, tumor size was larger in patients with low PPARγ expression. Moreover, low PPARγ expression in HCC was an independent predictor of poorer prognosis. PPARγ expression was positively correlated with PPARγ activation and negatively correlated with NF‐κB activation in HCC. PPARγ activation inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest, through increased expression of p27(kip1) and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and interleukin‐8. When HCC cells were treated with PPARγ ligands, PPARγ activation was increased and cell proliferation was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast, PPARγ ligands negatively regulated NF‐κB activation.

Conclusions

Activation of PPARγ induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits tumor progression by negatively regulating NF‐κB activation in HCC. Therefore, PPARγ is an important endogenous regulator of HCC progression, and is a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
DTI metrics can be used as biomarkers to determine the therapeutic effect of stem cells in acute peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Chen Yue‐Yao , Zhang Xiang , Lin Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Fang , Duan Xiao‐Hui , Zheng Chu‐Shan , Chen Mei‐Wei , Wang Dong‐Ye , Zeng Wei‐Ke , Shen Jun
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To determine the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics as biomarkers for the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in acute peripheral nerve injury.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐four adult rats received subepineurial microinjection of MSCs (n = 22) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n = 22) 1 week after the sciatic nerve trunk crush injury. Sequential fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging, T2 measurement, DTI and sciatic nerve functional assessment were performed at a 3.0 Tesla MR unit over an 8‐week follow‐up, with histological assessments performed at regular intervals. The sciatic nerve function index, T2 value, and DTI metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity values of the distal stumps of crushed nerves were measured and compared between the two groups.

Results

Nerves treated with MSCs showed better functional recovery and exhibited more pronounced nerve regeneration compared with nerves treated with PBS. T2 values in nerves treated with MSCs or PBS showed a similar change pattern (P = 0.174), while FA and RD values in nerves treated with MSCs showed more rapid return (one week earlier) to baseline level than nerves treated with PBS (P = 0.045; 0.035). Nerves treated with MSCs had higher FA and lower RD values than nerves treated with PBS during the period from 2 to 3 weeks after surgery (P ≤ 0.0001, 0.004; P = 0.004, 0.006).

Conclusion

FA and RD values derived from DTI might be used as sensitive biomarkers for detecting the therapeutic effect of stem cells in acute peripheral nerve crush injuries.

Level of Evidence: 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:855–862.
Effects of variety and steeping conditions on some barley components associated with colonic health
Authors: Teixeira Cristina , Nyman Margareta , Andersson Roger , Alminger Marie
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Butyric acid is produced by degradation of dietary fibre by microbiota and is crucial for maintaining a healthy colon. The physicochemical properties are important for butyric acid formation, and this study aimed to evaluate the use of malting to tailor the functional characteristics of barley dietary fibre. The effect of different steeping conditions was evaluated in laboratory‐scale malting experiments with three different barley varieties.

RESULTS

Steeping at 35°C and with 0.4 % (v/v) lactic acid resulted in a higher content of β‐glucan and soluble fibre in malts than in those steeped at lower temperature and lower lactic acid concentration. Resistant starch increased, whereas the content of soluble arabinoxylan was lower. Dietary fibre components in Tipple were more affected by steeping conditions than the other varieties. The total contents of iron, phytate and amylose were little influenced by steeping conditions.

CONCLUSION

The selection of steeping conditions during malting influences composition and the characteristics of dietary fibre in barley. However, the choice of barley variety is also important for tailoring of functional ingredients beneficial for colonic health. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by JohnWiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The use of supraclavicular free flap with vascularized lymph node transfer for treatment of lymphedema: A prospective study of 100 consecutive cases
Authors: Mardonado Andres A. , Chen Ru , Chang David W.
Published: July 2016

Background and Objectives

Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) is gaining popularity for treatment of lymphedema. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flap and the donor site morbidity of the supraclavicular (SC) VLNT.

Methods

A review of a prospective database was performed for patients who had undergone SC VLNT to treat upper or lower extremity lymphedema. Flap and donor site complications were registered for each patient. A detailed technical surgical approach is explained.

Results

One hundred consecutive patients with lower or upper extremity lymphedema underwent SC VLNT (84% from the right side) with a mean of 11‐months follow‐up (range 3–19 months). There were no flap loss but three flaps (3%) required re‐exploration due to venous congestion of the skin paddle. Two patients had local infection and three patients developed chyle leak (3%) at the donor site but resolved spontaneously. No donor site secondary lymphedema was noted.

Conclusions

This is the largest prospective series of SC free flap VLNT for treatment of lymphedema. Low flap and donor site morbidity makes this flap an appealing source of lymph node transfer for lymphedema treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:68–71. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinicopathologic features of gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma in early gastric cancer
Authors: Huh Cheal Wung , Jung Da Hyun , Kim Hyunki , Kim Hoguen , Youn Young Hoon , Park Hyojin , Kim Jong Won , Choi Seung Ho , Noh Sung Hoon , Kim Jie‐Hyun
Published: July 2016

Background and Objectives

Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (GCLS) is a rare variant of gastric cancer. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinicopathologic features of GCLS in early gastric cancer (EGC).

Methods

Analysis included 3,385 patients who were diagnosed with EGC after surgery between 2005 and 2012. This study compared GCLS with non‐GCLS patients in terms of clinicopathological features including lymph node metastasis (LNM).

Results

Forty‐one (1.2%) patients were diagnosed as GCLS among those with EGC. When GCLS and non‐GCLS patients were compared, the GCLS group showed a greater predominance among males, greater tendency towards proximal location, a more elevated gross appearance, and deeper submucosal invasion. In particular, more than 90% of GCLS cases showed deep submucosal invasion. The LNM rate was significantly lower in GCLS than non‐GCLS cases after adjustment for depth of invasion. Among the GCLS group, there was no LNM in the cases with lesions confined to the mucosa or submucosal invasive lesions with tumor size ≤10 mm.

Conclusions

In EGC, GCLS showed deeper submucosal invasion and a lower LNM rate compared with non‐GCLS. Thus, clinical considerations of GCLS may be helpful to decide on a specific cancer treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:769–772. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polypyrrole‐coated alginate/magnetite nanoparticles composite sorbent for the extraction of endocrine‐disrupting compounds
Authors: Bunkoed Opas , Nurerk Piyaluk , Wannapob Rodtichoti , Kanatharana Proespichaya
Published: July 2016

Magnetite nanoparticles incorporated into alginate beads and coated with a polypyrrole adsorbent were prepared (polypyrrole/Fe3O4/alginate bead) and used as an effective magnetic solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the extraction and enrichment of endocrine‐disrupting compounds (estriol, β‐estradiol and bisphenol A) in water samples. The determination of the extracted endocrine‐disrupting compounds was performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. The effect of various parameters on the extraction efficiency of endocrine disrupting compounds were investigated and optimized including the type and amount of sorbent, sample pH, extraction time, stirring speed, and desorption conditions. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.5–100.0 μg/L, and the limit of detection was 0.5 μg/L. The developed method showed a high extraction efficiency, the recoveries were in the range of 90.5 ± 4.1 to 98.2 ± 5.5%. The developed sorbent was easy to prepare, was cost‐effective, robust, and provided a good reproducibility (RSDs < 5%), and could be reused 16 times. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of endocrine‐disrupting compounds in water samples.
Study on the interactions of sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs with normal and glycated human serum albumin by capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis
Authors: Michalcová Lenka , Glatz Zdeněk
Published: July 2016

Diabetes is one of the most widespread diseases characterized by a deficiency in the production of insulin or its ineffectiveness. As a result, the increased concentrations of glucose in the blood lead not only to damage to many of the body's systems but also cause the nonenzymatic glycation of plasma proteins affecting their drug binding. Since the binding ability influences its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, this is a very important issue in the development of new drugs and personalized medicine. In this study, capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis was used to evaluate the affinities between human serum albumin or its glycated form and the first generation of sulfonylurea antidiabetics, since their inadequate concentration may induce hypoglycaemia or on the contrary hyperglycaemia. The binding constants decrease in the sequence acetohexamide > tolbutamide > chlorpropamide > carbutamide both for normal and glycated human serum albumins, with glycated giving lower values. These results provide a more quantitative picture of how these drugs bind with normal and modified human serum albumin and indicate capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis to be another tool for examining the changes arising from modifications of albumin, or any other protein, with all its benefits like short analysis time, small sample requirement, and automation.
Childhood‐Onset Movement Disorders: A Clinical Series of 606 Cases
Authors: Bäumer Tobias , Sajin Valeria , Münchau Alexander
Published: July 2016

The aim of this work is to report the distribution of clinical phenomenology, demographic variables, and delay of diagnosis in a cohort of patients with childhood‐onset movement disorders. Personally examined patients with childhood‐onset movement disorders apart from those with cerebral palsy are reported. A total of 606 patients were included. The majority had tic disorders (346; 57%) followed by dystonia (72; 12%); other movement disorders were less frequent (<5%). Mean onset age of patients with tics was 7.4 years ± 3.8 standard deviation; mean delay of diagnosis was 9.9 ± 11 years. Mean onset age of other movement disorders was 8.6 ± 5.7 years; mean delay of diagnosis was 11.1 ± 12.5 years. Psychogenic movement disorders had a later onset than all other movement disorders (P < 0.01) apart from tremor and “other movement disorders.” Dystonias had a longer delay of diagnosis than psychogenic movement disorders (P < 0.038). The diagnostic delay of childhood‐onset movement disorders is considerable, indicating that they are probably under‐recognized.
A Case of Two Repeats: Huntington's Disease and Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 8
Authors: Gass Jennifer M. , McKay Jake , Guthrie Kimberly J. , Boczek Nicole , Atwal Paldeep S. , Van Gerpen Jay
Published: July 2016

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3D dynamic fragmentation with parallel dynamic insertion of cohesive elements
Authors: Vocialta M. , Richart N. , Molinari J.‐F.
Published: July 2016

Dynamic fragmentation is a rapid and catastrophic failure of a material. During this process, the nucleation, propagation, branching, and coalescence of cracks results in the formation of fragments. The numerical modeling of this phenomenon is challenging because it requires high‐performance computational capabilities. For this purpose, the finite‐element method with dynamic insertion of cohesive elements was chosen. This paper describes the parallel implementation of its fundamental algorithms in the C++ open‐source library Akantu. Moreover, a numerical instability that can cause the loss of energy conservation and possible solutions to it are illustrated. Finally, the method is applied to the dynamic fragmentation of a hollow sphere subjected to uniform radial expansion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superconvergence of the direct discontinuous Galerkin method for convection‐diffusion equations
Authors: Cao Waixiang , Liu Hailiang , Zhang Zhimin
Published: July 2016

This paper is concerned with superconvergence properties of the direct discontinuous Galerkin (DDG) method for one‐dimensional linear convection‐diffusion equations. We prove, under some suitable choice of numerical fluxes and initial discretization, a 2k‐th and
‐th order superconvergence rate of the DDG approximation at nodes and Lobatto points, respectively, and a
‐th order of the derivative approximation at Gauss points, where k is the polynomial degree. Moreover, we also prove that the DDG solution is superconvergent with an order k + 2 to a particular projection of the exact solution. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 290–317, 2017
Oat hull fibers bleached by reactive extrusion with alkaline hydrogen peroxide in thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composites
Authors: Cardoso Melina A. P. , Carvalho Gizilene M. , Yamashita Fabio , Mali Suzana , Eiras Daniel , Demiate Ivo M. , Grossmann Maria V. E.
Published: July 2016

The bleaching of fibers using alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) can be used to promote modifications aimed at enhancing their interactions with polymers in composites. Reactive extrusion with AHP (7 and 20 wt%, hulls basis), pH 11.5, was used to modify oat hull fibers. The fibers were further compounded with a thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blend to form sheets. The bleaching influenced the color of the fibers and subsequently the color of the composites. The rougher surfaces observed in the treated fibers improved their interfacial adhesion with the polymeric matrix. The treated fibers decreased the tensile strength, but the fibers treated with the higher concentration of H2O2 increased the elongation. The AHP‐treated fibers did not improve the overall thermal stability of the composites, and these fibers showed higher compatibility with the starch‐rich phase. Reactive extrusion showed to be an alternative method for modifying fibers for applications in composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1950–1958, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel pyrimidine derivatives containing urea pharmacophore against Aedes aegypti
Authors: Liu Xing‐Hai , Wang Qiao , Sun Zhao‐Hui , Wedge David E , Becnel James J , Estep Alden S , Tan Cheng‐Xia , Weng Jian‐Quan
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector for the transmission of serious diseases, especially dengue and yellow fever. More than 1 billion people in developing countries are at risk. The widespread and continual use of pesticides can lead to resistant mosquitoes. In order to maintain mosquito control gains, it is critical to develop and evaluate novel bioactive molecules that differ in mode of action from currently used products.

RESULTS

A series of novel pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were elucidated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The biological activities of these compounds were tested against Ae. aegypti. Many of them exhibited insecticidal activity against adult and larval mosquitoes. Compound 4d displayed relatively good activity to reach 70% mortality at 2 µg mL−1. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations were established to study the structure–activity relationship of these novel compounds.

CONCLUSION

A practical synthetic route for pyrimidine derivatives is presented. This study suggests that these pyrimidine derivatives exhibit some activity against the yellow fever mosquito and, with further structure modification, could be novel lead compounds for the development of insecticides against mosquitoes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Female Mice are Resistant to Fabp1 Gene Ablation‐Induced Alterations in Brain Endocannabinoid Levels
Authors: Martin Gregory G. , Chung Sarah , Landrock Danilo , Landrock Kerstin K. , Dangott Lawrence J. , Peng Xiaoxue , Kaczocha Martin , Murphy Eric J. , Kier Ann B. , Schroeder Friedhelm
Published: July 2016

Although liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1, L‐FABP) is not detectable in the brain, Fabp1 gene ablation (LKO) markedly increases endocannabinoids (EC) in brains of male mice. Since the brain EC system of females differs significantly from that of males, it was important to determine if LKO differently impacted the brain EC system. LKO did not alter brain levels of arachidonic acid (ARA)‐containing EC, i.e. arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), but decreased non‐ARA‐containing N‐acylethanolamides (OEA, PEA) and 2‐oleoylglycerol (2‐OG) that potentiate the actions of AEA and 2‐AG. These changes in brain potentiating EC levels were not associated with: (1) a net decrease in levels of brain membrane proteins associated with fatty acid uptake and EC synthesis; (2) a net increase in brain protein levels of cytosolic EC chaperones and enzymes in EC degradation; or (3) increased brain protein levels of EC receptors (CB1, TRVP1). Instead, the reduced or opposite responsiveness of female brain EC levels to loss of FABP1 (LKO) correlated with intrinsically lower FABP1 level in livers of WT females than males. These data show that female mouse brain endocannabinoid levels were unchanged (AEA, 2‐AG) or decreased (OEA, PEA, 2‐OG) by complete loss of FABP1 (LKO).
The management and expression of pride: Age and gender effects across adolescence
Authors: Webb Lindsey , Stegall Sheri , Mirabile Scott , Zeman Janice , Shields Ashley , Perry‐Parrish Carisa
Published: July 2016

Understanding of the role that positive emotions play in adolescent social development requires studying the normative development of these emotions. This research examined pride expression and management across adolescence, focusing on gender and developmental differences. Participants were 206 Caucasian youth (52.9% girls) in grades 5 (Mage = 11.10 years), 8 (Mage = 14.45), 11 (Mage = 17.26), and university (Mage = 19.61). Youth responded to two vignettes assessing reactions to pride‐eliciting situations. Compared to boys, girls reported more intense pride experience and a higher likelihood of expressing pride. Increases across adolescence were found for self‐efficacy in suppressing pride expression, and for expressing modesty in pride‐eliciting situations. Older adolescents were less likely than younger adolescents to expect to receive a negative peer reaction when inhibiting pride. These results indicate the importance of gender‐specific examinations of pride across adolescent development with implications for adaptive psychosocial functioning and positive psychology.
Frequent detection of PIK3CA mutations in single circulating tumor cells of patients suffering from HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Gasch Christin , Oldopp Theresa , Mauermann Oliver , Gorges Tobias M. , Andreas Antje , Coith Cornelia , Müller Volkmar , Fehm Tanja , Janni Wolfgang , Pantel Klaus , Riethdorf Sabine
Published: July 2016

Modern technologies enable detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood samples. Thus, CTC have attracted interest as markers for therapeutic response in breast cancer. First studies have incorporated CTC analyses to guide therapeutic interventions and stratification of breast cancer patients. Aim of this study was to analyze characteristic features of CTC as biomarker for predicting resistance to HER2‐targeted therapies. Therefore, CTC from metastatic breast cancer patients with HER2‐negative primary tumors screened for the prospective randomized phase III trial DETECT III were explored for their HER2 status and the presence of PIK3CA mutations. Detection and characterization of HER2 expression of CTC were conducted with the CellSearch® system. Fifteen of 179 CTC‐positive patients (8.4%) contained ≥1 CTC with strong HER2 expression. Genomic DNA from individual CTC isolated by micromanipulation was propagated by whole genome amplification and analyzed for PIK3CA mutations in exons 9 and 20 by Sanger sequencing. One or more CTC/7.5 mL were detected in 179/290 patients (61.7%). In 109 patients (34.8%), ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL were found. We detected at least one CTC with the mutation p.E542K, p.E545K, p.H1047R, p.H1047L or p.M1043V in 12/33 patients (36.4%). Thirty six of 114 CTC (31.6%) harbored one of these mutations. CTC in individual patients exhibited heterogeneity concerning PIK3CA mutations and HER2 expression. In conclusion, clinically relevant genomic aberrations such as mutations in the hotspot regions of exon 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene can be detected in single CTC and might provide insights into mechanisms of resistance to HER2‐targeted therapies.
Neuromuscular Control Mechanisms During Single‐Leg Jump Landing in Subacute Ankle Sprain Patients: A Case Control Study
Authors: Allet Lara , Zumstein Franziska , Eichelberger Patric , Armand Stéphane , Punt Ilona M.
Published: July 2016

Background

Optimal neuromuscular control mechanisms are essential for preparing, maintaining, and restoring functional joint stability during jump landing and to prevent ankle injuries. In subacute ankle sprain patients, neither muscle activity nor kinematics during jump landing has previously been assessed.

Objective

To compare neuromuscular control mechanisms and kinematics between subacute ankle sprain patients and healthy persons before and during the initial contact phase of a 25‐cm single‐leg jump.

Design

Case‐control study.

Setting

University hospital.

Patients

Fifteen patients with grade I or II acute ankle sprains were followed up after 4 weeks of conservative management not involving physical therapy.

Methods

Subjects performed alternately 3 single‐leg forward jumps of 25 cm (toe‐to‐heel distance) barefoot. Their results were compared with the data of 15 healthy subjects.

Main Outcome Measurements

Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the musculus (m.) gastrocnemius lateralis, m. tibialis anterior, and m. peroneus longus as well as kinematics for ankle, knee, and hip joint were recorded for pre–initial contact (IC) phase, post–initial contact phase, and reflex‐induced phase.

Results

The results showed that EMG activity of the 3 muscles did not differ between ankle sprain patients (n = 15) and healthy persons (n = 15) for any of the analyzed time intervals (all P > .05). However, during the pre‐IC phase, ankle sprain patients presented less plantar flexion, as well as during the post‐IC phase after jump landing, compared to healthy persons (P < .05).

Conclusion

Taken together, these kinematic alterations of the ankle joint can lead to neuromuscular control mechanism disturbances through which functional instability might arise.

Level of Evidence

III