bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor‐targeted fluorescence labeling systems for cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Tazawa Hiroshi , Shigeyasu Kunitoshi , Noma Kazuhiro , Kagawa Shunsuke , Sakurai Fuminori , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Hisataka , Imamura Takeshi , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: April 2022

Conventional imaging techniques are available for clinical identification of tumor sites. However, detecting metastatic tumor cells that are spreading from primary tumor sites using conventional imaging techniques remains difficult. In contrast, fluorescence‐based labeling systems are useful tools for detecting tumor cells at the single‐cell level in cancer research. The ability to detect fluorescent‐labeled tumor cells enables investigations of the biodistribution of tumor cells for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. For example, the presence of fluorescent tumor cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients is a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis of distant metastasis. The elimination of fluorescent tumor cells without damaging normal tissues is ideal for minimally invasive treatment of cancer. To capture fluorescent tumor cells within normal tissues, however, tumor‐specific activated target molecules are needed. This review focuses on recent advances in tumor‐targeted fluorescence labeling systems, in which indirect reporter labeling using tumor‐specific promoters is applied to fluorescence labeling of tumor cells for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Telomerase promoter‐dependent fluorescence labeling using replication‐competent viral vectors produces fluorescent proteins that can be used to detect and eliminate telomerase‐positive tumor cells. Tissue‐specific promoter‐dependent fluorescence labeling enables identification of specific tumor cells. Vimentin promoter‐dependent fluorescence labeling is a useful tool for identifying tumor cells that undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The evaluation of tumor cells undergoing EMT is important for accurately assessing metastatic potential. Thus, tumor‐targeted fluorescence labeling systems represent novel platforms that enable the capture of tumor cells for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Clinicopathological prognostic parameters in patients with tubo‐ovarian carcinoma effusions
Authors: Davidson Ben , Elstrand Mari Bunkholt
Published: April 2022

Objective

To analyse the predictive and prognostic role of clinicopathological parameters in patients with tubo‐ovarian carcinoma and malignant effusion.

Methods

A retrospective series of 700 malignant peritoneal (n = 610) and pleural (n = 90) effusions from 558 patients was revised for histotype based on the 2014 World Health Organization criteria. The role of clinicopathological parameters in determining outcome was assessed.

Results

The majority of specimens (597 effusions from 473 patients) were high‐grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), followed by low‐grade serous carcinoma (LGSC; 48 effusions, 37 patients), clear cell carcinoma (CCC; 23 effusions, 19 patients) and carcinosarcoma (CS; 16 effusions, 16 patients). Patients with CCC and CS had the shortest, those with HGSC intermediate, and those with LGSC longest overall and progression‐free survival (both P < 0.001). For patients with HGSC, older age (P = 0.002), more advanced FIGO stage (IV vs III; P < 0.001), delayed/no surgery (P < 0.001), larger residual disease volume (RD; P < 0.001), non‐complete response to chemotherapy at diagnosis (P < 0.001), and primary platinum resistance (P < 0.001) were associated with shorter overall survival. In Cox multivariate analysis, FIGO stage (P = 0.002) and primary platinum resistance (P < 0.001) were independent prognosticators. Significant association was additionally found for parameters analysed for progression‐free survival in HGSC (previous chemotherapy: P = 0.029; age: P = 0.046; FIGO stage, upfront therapy, RD: P < 0.001), of which previous chemotherapy, upfront therapy, and RD were independent prognosticators (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The vast majority of malignant effusions in patients with tubo‐ovarian carcinoma are derived from serous carcinoma or related tumours, such as CS. Histology is a powerful prognostic factor in this patient group, as are established clinical parameters.
Complex care in a family‐oriented setting is crucial for parental support
Authors: Beeri Maurit
Published: April 2022

This commentary is on the original article by Bogetz et al. on pages 840–846 of this issue.

Video Podcast: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7m9K4A50XE&ab_channel=DMCNvideos__;!!N11eV2iwtfs!oE9A3fucKFe8dT1-AL8EOhZKl73TWlze76RoIAd_P5yfrygZnCVB-fvwS9TVxKNCZBJLzoXbe8lkG4YX7e9QJag$
Efficacy and safety of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and reduced dose of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Huang Wenjuan , Wang Liang , Xia Junhui , Li Wenyu , Wang Min , Yu Jian , Li Qinying , Wang Bei , Pan Juyuan , Du Lei , Ma Jianhua , Tan Hongmei , Chang Xuechun , Lu Chuanzhen , Zhao Chongbo , Lu Jiahong , Zhou Lei , ZhangBao Jingzi , Quan Chao ,   the Pan‐Yangtze River Delta Alliance for Demyelinating Disease
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose

Data regarding the efficacy and safety of currently widely available preventive therapies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are needed. We compared the efficacy and safety of azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and reduced dose of rituximab (RTX) in NMOSD based on a large multicenter retrospective cohort.

Methods

Patients with aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody‐positive NMOSD with AZA (n = 167), MMF (n = 131), or RTX (n = 55) as initial preventive treatment were included. The main outcome was the occurrence of relapse after the initiation of immunotherapy. Secondary outcomes were annual relapse rate, disability accumulation, drug persistence, and adverse events.

Results

The median follow‐up time of the 353 patients was 30.3 months. The regimen of RTX was 100 mg on Day 1 and 500 mg on Day 2, followed by 500 mg every 6 months. The proportions of patients with concomitant steroid therapy at baseline were 96.4%, 95.4%, and 76.4% in the AZA, MMF, and RTX groups. Risk of relapse was significantly reduced in patients treated with RTX compared with those treated with AZA (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–13.80, p = 0.011) or MMF (HR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.60–16.86, p = 0.006) after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Drug discontinuations were less likely on RTX than AZA (HR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.34–3.66, p = 0.002). RTX exhibited lower incidence of adverse events (32.7%) than AZA (62.3%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We provide Class III evidence that reduced dose of RTX is superior to AZA and MMF as initial treatment to reduce the risk of relapse and is better tolerated than AZA in Chinese patients with AQP4 antibody‐positive NMOSD.
Effective energy usage and data compression approach using data mining algorithms for IoT data
Authors: Karupusamy Sathishkumar , Refonaa J. , Sankaran Sakthidasan , Dahiya Priyanka , Haq Mohd Anul , Kumar Anil
Published: April 2022

The emergence of technology and communication system paved way for the development of the internet of things (IoT). The IoT system generates diversified data and the quantity of the data is also huge. The IoT systems are developed to adhere to the situation and to make intelligent decisions in a specified time. Hence, the IoT system necessitates high processing and storage environment, which makes the effective response in a short‐duration. The data transmission across the mobile nodes and cloud service has made huge utilization of energy. The storage and energy consumption are considered as major issues in the IoT system whereas these issues will reflect in the performance of the IoT system. Initiation of edge computing into the IoT system permits the workload to be offloaded from the cloud providers, which is attained from the closer location of the source of data. This improves privacy, minimizes the saving time, and traffic. In this article, an Effective Energy usage and Data Compression Approach using Data Mining proposed for IoT data. The proposed approach is investigated by considering the driving behaviour and it achieves effective compression without influencing the quality of the data. The stress level of the driver is also identified with high accuracy.
Novel insights into the roles of Cdc7 in response to replication stress
Authors: González‐Garrido Cristina , Prado Félix
Published: April 2022

Cdc7 and its regulator Dbf4 (Dbf4‐dependent kinase; DDK) form an essential complex due to its function in replication initiation, which is carried out by phosphorylating different residues at the helicase MCM during the G1/S transition. In response to replication stress, late origins are inhibited to prevent cell cycle progression until the problems are resolved. In yeast, this inhibition is partially achieved by attenuating DDK activity. In addition, evidence from yeast to human shows that Cdc7 is required for a successful DNA damage response by coordinating multiple processes dealing with replication stress (replication checkpoint, DNA damage tolerance and break‐induced replication) through mechanisms that go beyond its role in origin activation. These studies reveal the importance of getting a better understanding of the spatiotemporal regulation of DDK. Here, we will discuss how DDK operates in these processes and its putative role in controlling the activity of replication and repair factors at specific nuclease‐resistant nucleoprotein scaffolds.
Updated view of tars for psoriasis: what have we learned over the last decade?
Authors: Ávalos‐Viveros Miguel , Esquivel‐García Roberto , García‐Pérez Manuel , Torres‐García Enelio , Bartolomé‐Camacho María‐Carmen , Santes Víctor , García‐Pérez Martha‐Estrella
Published: April 2022

Tars are one of the most effective, unknown, and oldest therapies for psoriasis. They include coal tar (CT) and biomass‐derived products. These treatments, particularly the CT, have proven to be cost‐effective with long remission times compared to other systemic or topical treatments. However, they have hardly evolved in recent years, as they are not well‐embraced by clinicians or patients because of concerns regarding cosmesis and safety. This review summarizes current knowledge about the chemical characterization, mechanism of action, toxicity, and clinical studies supporting the use of tars for psoriasis over the last decade. Trends within these above aspects are reviewed, and avenues of research are identified. CT is rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas biomass‐derived tars are rich in phenols. While the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is involved in the antipsoriatic effect of CT, the mechanism of action of biomass‐derived products remains to be elucidated. No conclusive evidence exists about the risk of cancer in psoriasis patients under CT treatment. Large, randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trials are necessary to promote the inclusion of tars as part of modern therapies for psoriasis.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome precipitated by Moderna Inc. COVID‐19 vaccine: a case‐based review of literature comparing vaccine and drug‐induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Padniewski Jessica J. , Jacobson‐Dunlop Erick , Albadri Sam , Hylwa Sara
Published: April 2022

The Moderna COVID‐19 vaccination was approved for use in the United States in December of 20201 and since that time massive public health efforts have been made to vaccinate patients against the COVID‐19 infection. Adverse reactions from the vaccination are well‐reported and include both local skin reactions, such as pain, swelling, and erythema at the injection site, as well as systemic reactions including fever, malaise, headache, muscle aches, drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. While severe serious cutaneous adverse reactions, such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), remain rare; two cases of SJS/TEN related to COVID‐19 vaccination have been reported. We herein review the two previously reported cases of SJS/TEN and report the first case of SJS precipitated by the Moderna Inc., MRNA 1273 COVID‐19 vaccination in the United States. Although we review potential adverse reactions to vaccination, the benefits of COVID‐19 vaccination outweigh the risks based on current data. Cases should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (https://vaers.hhs.gov/) to help public health officials recognize and track these severe but rare adverse events.
Steam‐exploded camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seed protein improves the stability of camellia seed oil emulsions
Authors: Zhang Shanying , Yin Fengman , Zheng Lili , Zheng Xiaoyan , Yang Yang , Xiao Dao , Ai Binling , Sheng Zhanwu
Published: April 2022

We aimed here to investigate the ability of steam‐exploded camellia seed protein (SECSP) in stabilising steam‐exploded camellia seed oil‐in‐water emulsion in comparison with soy protein isolate (SPI). Emulsions with different SECSP and SPI contents (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g 100 mL−1) were formulated and the effect of protein concentration on emulsion droplet size, zeta (ζ)‐potential, physical stability and bioaccessibility was examined. The stability of emulsion increased with increasing protein concentration. SECSP emulsion was characterised by smaller droplet sizes, higher surface charge and better stability than SPI emulsion. Furthermore, SECSP emulsion exhibited good digestive stability. SECSP emulsion showed creaming only at protein concentrations above 0.5 g 100 mL−1 after 28 days of storage, while SPI emulsion showed stratification and flocculation during the same storage period. Hence, steam explosion pretreatment physical modification of camellia seed protein (CSP) provides a novel approach of utilising proteins for emulsions stabilisation, and digestive stability improvement under gastrointestinal conditions.
Comparative evaluation of physicochemical, functional and texture properties and sensory acceptance of different instant rice varieties coated with Spirulina and edible polymers
Authors: Utama‐ang Niramon , Kuatrakul Ittikorn , Klangpetch Wannaporn , Walter Ponjan , Kawee‐ai Arthitaya
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to determine the influence of Spirulina platensis and edible polymer coating on the physicochemical and texture properties, and sensory acceptance of coated instant rice: glutinous white rice (GWR), glutinous black rice (GBR), non‐glutinous white rice (NWR) and non‐glutinous black rice (NBR). Instant rice was cooked and dried, and then coated by a pan‐coating process. Black rice varieties (GBR and NBR) showed higher amounts of protein, fibre, ash and bioactive compounds than white rice varieties (GWR and NWR). The Spirulina‐coated rice had significantly improved texture properties, especially black rice cultivars. The hedonic rating of the coated instant rice ranged from 5 (neither like nor dislike) to 6 (slightly liked), and GBR obtained a higher acceptability score (6.93). Principal component analysis models allowed sample classification. Therefore, fortification with Spirulina as a coating on instant rice could be an alternative way to produce functional instant rice with extra health benefits.
Polyphenols in fig: a review on their characterisation, biochemistry during ripening, antioxidant activity and health benefits
Authors: Singh Jatinder Pal , Singh Balwinder , Kaur Amritpal
Published: April 2022

Fig fruit (consumed either fresh or dried) is a rich source of polyphenols distributed throughout its peel and pulp. However, the peel part is superior in diversity of these compounds in comparison to the pulp. Fig polyphenols have been extracted both by conventional solid–liquid extraction and novel assisted methods (mainly ultrasound‐assisted and microwave‐assisted procedures). These can be characterised primarily into flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavan‐3‐ols and various flavonol glycosides) and phenolic acids. Figs contain good levels of anthocyanins (such as cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3,5‐diglucoside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside) which impart different colouring hues to these fruits during the ripening process. Moreover, fig polyphenols have associated antioxidant activities and impart many health benefits such as antihyperglycaemic, hepatoprotective and antispasmodic activities. This review provides a thorough information on the fig polyphenols, stressing on their extraction, characterisation as well as quantification, the biochemical changes during the ripening process, associated antioxidant activity and health benefits.
Impact of the frying temperature on protein structures and physico‐chemical characteristics of fried surimi
Authors: Xie Dongfei , Deng Fenghong , Shu Jingxiang , Zhu Chunyan , Hu Xiuting , Luo Shunjing , Liu Chengmei
Published: April 2022

In this work, protein structures and properties and physico‐chemical characteristics of surimi fried at different temperatures were studied. The effect of frying on surimi protein structure was characterised by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), intrinsic fluorescence, surface hydrophobicity, intermolecular interaction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). SDS‐PAGE analysis observed the appearance of new peptide bands and the weakening of myosin heavy‐chain and actin bands after frying. In addition, frying damaged the hydrogen bond and ionic bond but promoted formation of the disulphide bond. Moreover, β‐sheet and random coil were increased after frying, while α‐helix and β‐turn were decreased. After frying, the surface hydrophobicity of fried surimi decreased and the fluorescence maximum emission wavelength showed a red shift. The above changes indicated occurrence of protein denaturation and degradation, which were dependent on the frying temperature. Moreover, the effect of the frying temperature on physicochemical properties of fried surimi was characterised by measuring the hardness, oil absorption, porosity and water absorption capacity of fried surimi. The moisture loss, oil uptake, porosity and water absorption capacity of the fried surimi increased gradually with the frying temperature. However, the hardness of fried surimi was not positively correlated with the frying temperature but strongly dependent on the porous structure. These results showed that the physico‐chemical properties of the fried surimi were dependent on not only degree of protein denaturation but also the porous structure.
Administration of xylo‐oligosaccharides improves depressive‐like behaviour in mice caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress by altering microbiota composition
Authors: Shu Xiangling , Tong Yanjun , Yang Ruijin
Published: April 2022

Xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) is a functional oligosaccharide with prebiotic properties, and could be fermented by gut microbiota. In this study, the modulatory effects of XOS on emotions and behaviours at different dose were investigated based on the mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress‐induced depression. The result showed that 0.23 and 0.50 g kg−1 doses of XOS significantly increased sucrose preference index and decreased the immobility time in tail suspension and forced swimming tests. Meanwhile, the dose of 0.23 g kg−1 day−1 XOS significantly increased the concentration of neurotransmitters, such as 5‐hydroxytryptamine and γ‐ aminobutyric acid. Furthermore, the analysis of the faecal microbiota with XOS intervention showed a higher relative abundance of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, fewer Desulfovibrio and the SCFA concentrations increased with XOS prevention treatment. These results suggested that the dietary supplementation XOS could improve chronic stress‐induced depressive‐like behaviour by modulating neurotransmitters and reverting gut microbiota changes in mice. These findings present XOS as a potential prebiotic targeting to the gut microbiota for mood disorders.
Advanced insight into the O/W emulsions stabilising capacity of water‐soluble protein from Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Huang Dongjie , Wu Yuhao , Li Wenjing , Zhu Xiaoqi , Liu Jialu , Jiang Yang , Huang Qingrong , Li Dapeng
Published: April 2022

Tenebrio molitor is rich in protein, but its protein has not been fully utilised in the food industry. In the present study, the physicochemical properties and emulsifying ability of Tenebrio molitor protein (TMP, extracted by the alkaline method) were systematically studied. Results showed that the protein content of TMP was up to 91.2% ± 0.5. SEM and three‐phase contact angle (θ) observations showed that TMP was an amphiphilic protein with spherical structure. Then, TMP was used as a natural emulsifier to construct oil‐in‐water emulsion systems (TMPEs). TMP at concentrations of 0.5–2.5% (m/v) could be used to obtain stable emulsions with 50–80% (v/v) oil fraction under high‐speed dispersion. TMPEs had excellent stabilising effects and the ability to become high internal phase emulsions, and exhibited good thermal stability and pH stability. Moreover, TMPEs demonstrated remarkable shear‐thinning characteristics in rheological test. In general, as a new type of emulsion system, TMPEs showed excellent application prospects. The excellent stabilising effect of TMPEs provided a prerequisite for its commercial application and the delivery of fat‐soluble active ingredients, and our research provided relevant reference for its further application in food industry.
Initial sintering mechanism and additive effect in zirconia ceramics
Authors: Matsui Koji , Hojo Junichi
Published: April 2022

Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) ceramics have been used for various engineering applications because of their excellent mechanical properties or oxide‐ion conductivity applicable to solid‐electrolyte. The performance of YSZ depends on the sintered texture that is directly determined by sinterability of raw powders. A new kinetic analysis method of diffusion mechanism based on an initial sintering theory (grain‐boundary or volume diffusion) is theoretically derived, the initial sintering mechanism of hydrolytic YSZ powder is experimentally determined, and the effects of powder characteristics on sinterability are discussed. Furthermore, the additive‐enhanced sintering is proposed. A small amount of Al2O3 significantly enhances the densification. Using the additive effect, the low‐temperature degradation that is the fault of zirconia ceramics can be improved by decreasing the sintering temperature.
Hot oscillatory pressing of B4C ceramics for improving densification and mechanical properties
Authors: Fan Lei , Li Jihe , Huang Yanbo , Gao Yang , Yang Shoulei , An Linan
Published: April 2022

B4C ceramics were prepared by conventional hot pressing (HP) and hot oscillatory pressing (HOP). The results show that at the temperature and pressure studied here, the main densification mechanism of HP is grain‐boundary sliding, whereas that of HOP is plastic deformation caused by dislocation gliding, indicating that the oscillatory pressure promoted plastic deformation of the material. The hardness of B4C prepared by HOP reaches 39.5 GPa, which is much higher than the hardness of sample prepared by HP. The current study suggests that HOP is promising for preparing high‐performance B4C ceramics.
Assessing the dynamic changes in vitiligo: reliability and validity of the Vitiligo Disease Activity Score (VDAS) and Vitiligo Disease Improvement Score (VDIS)
Authors: van Geel N. , Depaepe L. , Vandaele V. , Mertens L. , Van Causenbroeck J. , De Schepper S. , Van Coile L. , Van Reempts A. , De Vos A.‐S. , Papeleu J. , Hoorens I. , Mertens D. , Wolkerstorfer A. , Lommerts J.E. , Speeckaert R.
Published: April 2022

Background

The assessment of the individual evolution of vitiligo is important for therapeutic decision making in daily practice. A fast, simple and validated physician‐reported score to assess clinical changes in depigmentation over time in separate parts (activity and improvement) is currently missing.

Objective

The main objective of the study was to develop and validate the Vitiligo Disease Activity Score (VDAS) and Vitiligo Disease Improvement Score (VDIS).

Methods

The Vitiligo Disease Activity Score (VDAS) and Vitiligo Disease Improvement Score (VDIS) were evaluated based on a photo set of 66 patients with two different time points. In the first (short) version, only the number of changing body regions was counted based on 15 predefined areas (VDAS15 and VDIS15), while in the second (extensive) version the degree of worsening or improvement from +4 to −4 for each body area was added for a more detailed assessment (VDAS60 and VDIS60). Content and construct validity were tested. In addition inter‐, intrarater reliability and feasibility were evaluated by 7 (test) and 5 (retest) physicians.

Results

Evidence for content and construct validity was provided. Overall, VDAS15, VDIS15, VDAS60 and VDIS60 demonstrated good to excellent inter‐rater reliability [intraclass correlation (ICC): VDAS: range = 0.797–0.900; VDIS: range = 0.726–0.798]. The intrarater reliability ICCs were 0.865 and 0.781 for the VDAS15 and VDIS15, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the VDAS60 and VDIS60 (ICC = 0.913 and 0.800, respectively). Completion time was short (median: 122 s/patient (first round); 95 s/patient (second round)].

Limitations

Single tertiary centre mainly of skin phototype 2 to 3.

Conclusion

The VDAS and VDIS appear to be valid, reliable and feasible instruments to score the evolution of vitiligo lesions. This accommodates the current urgent need for a simple, standardized and practical assessment of vitiligo activity and improvement over time.
High virulence of a naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungal isolate, Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi, against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Yan‐li Zhang , Hui Dong , Li‐sheng Zhang , Zu‐min Gu , Jin‐cheng Zhou
Published: April 2022

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a new and dangerous invasive pest in many countries. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been considered as potential biological control agents against the FAW. In this study, eight natural fungal strains were isolated from diseased larvae of FAW, and identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides (EFNL‐1), Metarhizium rileyi (EFNL‐2 and EFNL‐8), Fusarium proliferatum (EFNL‐3 and EFNL‐6), F. equiseti (EFNL‐4 and EFNL‐5) and F. tricinctum (EFNL‐7), using the morphological and molecular tools or methods. The instantaneous death risk and mortality of 3rd‐instar larvae inoculated with EFNL‐8 (1 × 108 conidia/ml) were significantly higher than for any other fungal isolates and for the control group. Thereafter, we tested the pathogenicity of EFNL‐8 (1 × 107 conidia/ml) against 1st‐ to 4th‐larvae, pupae, and eggs of FAW. The instantaneous death risk and mortality of 1st‐instar (Median lethal time = 9.02 days; Corrected motality = 88.68%), 2nd‐instar (12.00 days; 62.50%) and 3rd‐instar larvae (13.79 days; 56.67%) inoculated with EFNL‐8 were significantly higher than that of larvae in the control groups. When the eggs of FAW were inoculated with EFNL‐8 (1 × 107 conidia/ml), EFNL‐8 caused eggs (56.62%), and newly hatched neonates after 3 days (68.75%) and 6 days (80.60%) mortality, compared with the control groups. However, the mortality of the EFNL‐8 isolate to 4th‐instar larvae (5.00%) and pupae (14.81%) was low and did not differ from the control groups. This study identified M. rileyi EFNL‐8 as a pathogenic isolate against eggs and 1st‐ to 3rd‐instar larvae of FAW. However, further studies including field validation of this EPF biopesticide candidate should be undertaken in newly invaded areas by the pest.
Effects of hyaluronic acid filler injection for non‐surgical rhinoplasty on first impressions and quality of life (FACE‐Q scale)
Authors: Demesh Daniel , Cristel Robert T. , Gandhi Nimit D. , Kola Eljona , Issa Tariq Z. , Dayan Steven H.
Published: April 2022

Background

The nose is a central visual feature of the face leading many patients wishing to improve their facial esthetic appearance to undergo rhinoplasty. Increasingly more patients are seeking non‐surgical alternatives such as hyaluronic acid filler injections. These treatments have the ability to profoundly impact patients' esthetic appearance and first impressions.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of hyaluronic acid filler injection in non‐surgical nasal augmentation on first impressions, quality of life, and to evaluate treatment efficacy in reducing the height of the nasal dorsal convexity.

Methods

Ten female subjects underwent small‐particle hyaluronic acid filler injection into the nasal soft tissues. Photographs of the subjects were taken at baseline and post‐treatment after achieving an optimal correction result. Patients reported satisfaction with outcomes using a validated patient‐reported outcome measurement tool. Blinded evaluators were used to assess first impressions across specifically defined categories using the baseline and post‐treatment photographs. The height of the pre and post‐injection nasal dorsal convexity was compared.

Results

All patients experienced a statistically significant reduction in the height of their dorsal nasal convexity. There was significant improvement in patient‐reported outcomes based on all measures of the FACE‐Q scale. A total of 224 evaluators completed blinded assessments of first impressions. Mean first impressions in all eight categories, along with overall first impression score showed statistically significant improvement following treatment.

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid filler injections for non‐surgical nasal reshaping are a safe and effective method to improve perceived first impressions and to improve patient‐reported self‐esteem and esthetic satisfaction with their nose.
Distribution of anxiety and depression among different subtypes of temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Reis Pedro Henrique Feres , Laxe Laisa Araújo Cortines , Lacerda‐Santos Rogério , Münchow Eliseu Aldrighi
Published: April 2022

Background

The evidence on the relationship between anxiety and depression and patients with distinct subtypes of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is uncertain, so a thorough review study on the topic is still missing.

Objectives

This systematic review investigated the distribution and severity of anxiety and depression in patients diagnosed with different subtypes of TMD.

Methods

The study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020150562) and it followed the PRISMA 2020 Statement. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO databases (last search: 12 March 2021) and the reference list from the included studies. Study eligibility criteria consisted of: (i) patients diagnosed with TMD using the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD) or Diagnostic Criteria (DC/TMD) instruments; (ii) assessment of anxiety and/or depression with validated psychological instruments and (iii) allocation of patients into a minimum of two distinct TMD subtypes with at least one group having myofascial pain (comparison group). Analyses were carried out using RevMan 5.3.5 statistical package and random‐ or fixed‐effects models (α = 0.05). The quality of evidence was assessed based on review authors' judgment derived from a 10‐item appraisal tool for prevalence studies and with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.

Results

Of the 4086 records identified in total, 24 were eligible for inclusion; meta‐analyses were conducted with 20 studies. In total, 3678 subjects were included in the review. Most of the studies found that patients with myofascial pain showed similar occurrence and severity of anxiety/depression as compared to other subtypes of TMD, although the average prevalence seemed to be higher among the diagnoses consisting of myofascial pain (muscular TMD). Despite the moderate‐to‐high heterogeneity, anxiety and depression were more frequently distributed within patients with myofascial pain (p = .001). TMD patients without myofascial pain presented less severe levels of anxiety and depression than patients with only myofascial pain (p ≤ .01). The type of psychological instrument seems to affect the assessment of both anxiety and depression emotional states.

Conclusion

The findings of this review suggest that patients with myofascial pain are more anxious and more depressed than patients with other subtypes of TMD.

Implications

Considering that anxiety and depression are differently distributed within the TMD population, a proper assessment of the psychological state of patients seems essential to offer an adequate treatment and management of each specific subtype of TMD.
Differential temperature effects on photoperiodism in female voles: A possible explanation for declines in vole populations
Authors: van Rosmalen Laura , Riedstra Bernd , Beemster Nico , Dijkstra Cor , Hut Roelof A.
Published: April 2022

Many mammalian species use photoperiod as a predictive cue to time seasonal reproduction. In addition, metabolic effects on the reproductive axis may also influence seasonal timing, especially in female small, short‐lived mammals. To get a better understanding of how annual cycling environmental cues impact reproductive function and plasticity in small, short‐lived herbivores with different geographic origins, we investigated the mechanisms underlying integration of temperature in the photoperiodic‐axis regulating female reproduction in a Northern vole species (tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus) and in a Southern vole species (common vole, Microtus arvalis). We show that photoperiod and temperature interact to determine appropriate physiological responses; there is species‐dependent annual variation in the sensitivity to temperature for reproductive organ development. In common voles, temperature can overrule photoperiodical spring‐programmed responses, with reproductive organ mass being higher at 10°C than at 21°C, whereas in autumn they are less sensitive to temperature. These findings are in line with our census data, showing an earlier onset of spring reproduction in cold springs, while reproductive offset in autumn is synchronized to photoperiod. The reproductive organs of tundra voles were relatively insensitive to temperature, whereas hypothalamic gene expression was generally upregulated at 10°C. Thus, both vole species use photoperiod, whereas only common voles use temperature as a cue to control spring reproduction, which indicates species‐specific reproductive strategies. Due to global warming, spring reproduction in common voles will be delayed, perhaps resulting in shorter breeding seasons and thus declining populations, as observed throughout Europe.
Population genomic evidence of selection on structural variants in a natural hybrid zone
Authors: Zhang Linyi , Chaturvedi Samridhi , Nice Chris C. , Lucas Lauren K. , Gompert Zachariah
Published: April 2022

Structural variants (SVs) can promote speciation by directly causing reproductive isolation or by suppressing recombination across large genomic regions. Whereas examples of each mechanism have been documented, systematic tests of the role of SVs in speciation are lacking. Here, we take advantage of long‐read (Oxford nanopore) whole‐genome sequencing and a hybrid zone between twoLycaeidesbutterfly taxa (L.melissaand Jackson HoleLycaeides) to comprehensively evaluate genome‐wide patterns of introgression for SVs and relate these patterns to hypotheses about speciation. We found >100,000 SVs segregating within or between the two hybridizing species. SVs and SNPs exhibited similar levels of genetic differentiation between species, with the exception of inversions, which were more differentiated. We detected credible variation in patterns of introgression among SV loci in the hybrid zone, with 562 of 1419 ancestry‐informative SVs exhibiting genomic clines that deviated from null expectations based on genome‐average ancestry. Overall, hybrids exhibited a directional shift towards Jackson HoleLycaeidesancestry at SV loci, consistent with the hypothesis that these loci experienced more selection on average than SNP loci. Surprisingly, we found that deletions, rather than inversions, showed the highest skew towards excess ancestry from Jackson HoleLycaeides. Excess Jackson HoleLycaeidesancestry in hybrids was also especially pronounced for Z‐linked SVs and inversions containing many genes. In conclusion, our results show that SVs are ubiquitous and suggest that SVs in general, but especially deletions, might disproportionately affect hybrid fitness and thus contribute to reproductive isolation.
Lichen holobionts show compositional structure along elevation
Authors: Rolshausen Gregor , Dal Grande Francesco , Otte Jürgen , Schmitt Imke
Published: April 2022

Holobionts are dynamic ecosystems that may respond to abiotic drivers with compositional changes. Uncovering elevational diversity patterns within these microecosystems can further our understanding of community‐environment interactions. Here, we assess how the major components of lichen holobionts—fungal hosts, green algal symbionts, and the bacterial community—collectively respond to an elevational gradient. We analyse populations of two lichen symbioses, Umbilicaria pustulata and U. hispanica, along an elevational gradient spanning 2100 altitudinal metres and covering three major biomes. Our study shows (i) discontinuous genomic variation in fungal hosts with one abrupt genomic differentiation within each of the two host species, (ii) altitudinally structured bacterial communities with pronounced turnover within and between hosts, and (iii) altitude‐specific presence of algal symbionts. Alpha diversity of bacterial communities decreased with increasing elevation. A marked turnover in holobiont diversity occurred across two altitudinal belts: at 11°C–13°C average annual temperature (here: 800–1200 m a.s.l.), and at 7°C–9°C average annual temperature (here: 1500–1800 m a.s.l.). The two observed zones mark a clustering of distribution limits and community shifts. The three ensuing altitudinal classes, that is, the most frequent combinations of species in holobionts, approximately correspond to the Mediterranean, cool‐temperate, and alpine climate zones. We conclude that multitrophic microecosystems, such as lichen holobionts, respond with concerted compositional changes to climatic factors that also structure communities of macroorganisms, for example, vascular plants.
Eumycetoma causative agents are inhibited in vitro by luliconazole, lanoconazole and ravuconazole
Authors: Nyuykonge Bertrand , Lim Wilson , van Amelsvoort Lukas , Bonifaz Alexandro , Fahal Ahmed , Badali Hamid , Abastabar Mahdi , Verbon Annelies , van de Sande Wendy
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Eumycetoma is a subcutaneous mutilating disease that can be caused by many different fungi. Current treatment consists of prolonged itraconazole administration in combination with surgery. In many centres, due to their slow growth rate, the treatment for eumycetoma is often started before the causative agent is identified. This harbours the risk that the causative fungus is not susceptible to the given empirical therapy. In the open‐source drug program MycetOS, ravuconazole and luliconazole were promising antifungal agents that were able to inhibit the growth of Madurella mycetomatis, the most common causative agent of mycetoma. However, it is currently not known whether these drugs inhibit the growth of other eumycetoma causative agents.

Materials and methods

Here, we determined the in vitro activity of luliconazole, lanoconazole and ravuconazole against commonly encountered eumycetoma causative agents. MICs were determined for lanoconazole, luliconazole and ravuconazole against 37 fungal isolates which included Madurella species, Falciformispora senegalensis, Medicopsis romeroi and Trematosphaeria grisea and compared to those of itraconazole.

Results

Ravuconazole, luliconazole and lanoconazole showed high activity against all eumycetoma causative agents tested with median minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.008–2 µg/ml, 0.001–0.064 µg/ml and 0.001–0.064 µg/ml, respectively. Even Ma. fahalii and Me. romeroi, which are not inhibited in growth by itraconazole at a concentration of 4 µg/ml, were inhibited by these azoles.

Conclusion

The commonly encountered eumycetoma causative agents are inhibited by lanoconazole, luliconazole and ravuconazole. These drugs are promising candidates for further evaluation as potential treatment for eumycetoma.
Exploring primary school years interactions around child weight: A qualitative meta‐synthesis of school staff, parent, and child views and experiences
Authors: Chisholm Anna , Coupe Nia , Ujhelyi Gomez Katalin , Hart Jo , Peters Sarah
Published: April 2022

Interactions about children's weight and weight‐related behaviors occur from an early stage in school settings between various stakeholders and are often intended to facilitate weight‐related behavioral change in children and/or families. This meta‐synthesis (PROSPERO ‐ CRD42019133231) aimed to investigate stakeholder reported experiences and challenges of these encounters. Studies were eligible if they included school stakeholders (teaching or nonteaching staff, parents, caregivers, or children), explored communication topics related to child obesity (weight, diet or activity), were conducted within an early school setting (primary school stage or international equivalent), and used qualitative methods. Database searches conducted March–July 2019 (updated November 2020) identified 40 studies (2324 participants) from seven countries. Included studies were assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Using inductive thematic analysis, we identified four core themes across this database: (1) “conversation characteristics and consequences,” (2) “missing components,” (3) “avoiding stigma,” and (4) “school responsibilities.” Overall, stakeholders recognized that schools are well‐positioned to provide positive influential messages about childhood obesity and reported that discussions on this topic do occur in early school settings but that stakeholders find them difficult, complex, and lack the necessary skills to deliver the nonjudgmental, consistent, and tailored support that they desire.
In vitro virucidal activity of mouthwashes on SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Buonavoglia Alessio , Lanave Gianvito , Marchi Serena , Lorusso Pantaleo , Montomoli Emanuele , Martella Vito , Camero Michele , Prati Carlo , Trombetta Claudia Maria
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro virucidal activity of commercial mouthwashes against SARS‐CoV‐2 and variants of concern.

Materials and Methods

Antiviral activity was assessed at different time intervals, based on common use of these products by titrating residual viral infectivity on Vero E6 cells.

Results

All the mouthwashes were effective to reduce the infectious titers of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its tested variants. Mouthwashes Listerine® Cool Mint milder taste and Listerine® Cavity Protection milder taste reduced the infectious viral titer by up to 3.9 log10 after 30 s, while mouthwash Cetilsan® Sugar Free was able to reduce the viral titer by 2.2–2.9 log10 at all tested time intervals. Mouthwash Curasept® ADS DNA Intensive treatment was less effective to decrease viral infectivity (0.7–2.2 log10 TCID50/ml at all tested time intervals). Interestingly, the Gamma variant appeared more resistant to treatment in vitro with the different mouthwashes.

Conclusions

In this study, we were able to assess the ability of different mouthwashes to in vitro decrease the infectivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants, and we observed that Gamma variant of concern was more resistant to treatment with mouthwashes.
Image collection and annotation platforms to establish a multi‐source database of oral lesions
Authors: Rajendran Senthilmani , Lim Jian Han , Yogalingam Kohgulakuhan , Kallarakkal Thomas George , Zain Rosnah Binti , Jayasinghe Ruwan Duminda , Rimal Jyotsna , Kerr Alexander Ross , Amtha Rahmi , Patil Karthikeya , Welikala Roshan Alex , Lim Ying Zhi , Remagnino Paolo , Gibson John , Tilakaratne Wanninayake Mudiyanselage , Liew Chee Sun , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Barman Sarah Ann , Chan Chee Seng , Cheong Sok Ching
Published: April 2022

Objective

To describe the development of a platform for image collection and annotation that resulted in a multi‐sourced international image dataset of oral lesions to facilitate the development of automated lesion classification algorithms.

Materials and Methods

We developed a web‐interface, hosted on a web server to collect oral lesions images from international partners. Further, we developed a customised annotation tool, also a web‐interface for systematic annotation of images to build a rich clinically labelled dataset. We evaluated the sensitivities comparing referral decisions through the annotation process with the clinical diagnosis of the lesions.

Results

The image repository hosts 2474 images of oral lesions consisting of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral lesions that were collected through MeMoSA® UPLOAD. Eight‐hundred images were annotated by seven oral medicine specialists on MeMoSA®ANNOTATE, to mark the lesion and to collect clinical labels. The sensitivity in referral decision for all lesions that required a referral for cancer management/surveillance was moderate to high depending on the type of lesion (64.3%–100%).

Conclusion

This is the first description of a database with clinically labelled oral lesions. This database could accelerate the improvement of AI algorithms that can promote the early detection of high‐risk oral lesions.
Perceptions and experiences of functional mobility for community‐dwelling older people: A focused ethnography
Authors: Wisnesky Uirá Duarte , Paul Pauline , Olson Joanne , Dahlke Sherry
Published: April 2022

Background

Mobility challenges may indicate functional decline and are a relevant problem faced by older people. An individual’s perception of mobility is affected and moderated by several factors and varies significantly from one community to another. Providing an improved understanding of how older people perceive and experience mobility is a step towards better preparing nurses for roles they are increasingly expected to play.

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to investigate perceptions and experiences of mobility in a group of Brazilian community‐dwelling older people living with mobility challenges.

Method

Data were generated between June and October 2018 through in‐depth interviews, socio‐demographic surveys and field notes. Purposive sampling strategies were used to recruit 23 Brazilian older people to participate in this focused ethnographic study. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings

Perceptions of Brazilian community‐dwelling older people living with mobility challenges were culturally learned and influenced by the social, physical and health environments. Participants’ previous experiences with mobility had significant implications on values they attributed to mobility challenges. In addition, older people’s experiences with mobility challenges were an integral part of sense of self and strongly related to contextual factors.

Conclusions

This study contributes new information to the field of inquiry on mobility of older people as it focuses on the perceptions of a specific age group and culture and attends to the interrelationships between health conditions and contextual factors affecting the mobility of older people.

Implications for practice

This study’s particular contributions to the nursing discipline are related to improving care by revealing the significance of the context of mobility in which nursing actions are applied.