bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicit and explicit solvent models for modeling a bifunctional arene ruthenium hydrogen‐storage catalyst: A classical and ab initio molecular simulation study
Authors: Bandaru Sateesh , English Niall J. , MacElroy J. M. D.
Published: January 2014

Classical and ab initio, density functional theory‐ and semiempirical‐based molecular simulation, including molecular dynamics, have been carried out to compare and contrast the effect of explicit and implicit solvation representation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent on the structural, energetic, and dynamical properties of a novel bifunctional arene ruthenium catalyst embedded therein. Particular scrutiny was afforded to hydrogen‐bonding and energetic interactions with the THF liquid. It was found that the presence of explicit THF solvent molecules is required to capture an accurate picture of the catalyst's structural properties, particularly in view of the importance of hydrogen bonding with the surrounding THF molecules. This has implications for accurate modeling of the reactivity of the catalyst. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potential targeted therapy for liver fluke associated cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Vaeteewoottacharn Kulthida , Seubwai Wunchana , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Okada Seiji , Wongkham Sopit
Published: January 2014

Biliary tree cancer or cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an unusual subtype of liver cancer with exceptionally poor prognosis. Lack of specific symptoms and availability of early diagnostic markers account for late diagnosis of CCA. Surgical treatment is a gold standard choice but few patients are candidates and local recurrence after surgery is high. Benefit of systemic chemotherapy is limited; hence, better treatment options are required. The differences in etiology, anatomical positions and pathology make it difficult to generalize all CCA subtypes for a single treatment regimen. Herein, we review the uniqueness of molecular profiling identified by multiple approaches, for example, serial analysis of gene expression, exome sequencing, transcriptomics/proteomics profiles, protein kinase profile, etc., that provide the opportunity for treatment of liver fluke‐associated CCA. Anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulator/immunosuppressor, epidermal growth factor receptor or platelet‐derived growth factor receptor inhibitors, multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, IL6 antagonist, nuclear factor‐κB inhibitor, histone modulator, proteasome inhibitor as well as specific inhibitors suggested from various study approaches, such as MetAP2 inhibitor, 1,25(OH)2D3 and cyclosporine A are suggested in this review for the treatments of this specific CCA subtype. This might provide an alternative treatment option for CCA patients; however, clinical trials in this specific CCA group are required.
International continence society guidelines on urodynamic equipment performance
Authors: Gammie Andrew , Clarkson Becky , Constantinou Chris , Damaser Margot , Drinnan Michael , Geleijnse Geert , Griffiths Derek , Rosier Peter , Schäfer Werner , Van Mastrigt Ron ,   (The International Continence Society Urodynamic Equipment Working Group)
Published: January 2014

These guidelines provide benchmarks for the performance of urodynamic equipment, and have been developed by the International Continence Society to assist purchasing decisions, design requirements, and performance checks. The guidelines suggest ranges of specification for uroflowmetry, volume, pressure, and EMG measurement, along with recommendations for user interfaces and performance tests. Factors affecting measurement relating to the different technologies used are also described. Summary tables of essential and desirable features are included for ease of reference. It is emphasized that these guidelines can only contribute to good urodynamics if equipment is used properly, in accordance with good practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:370–379, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcome of transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with down syndrome
Authors: Hitzler Johann K. , He Wensheng , Doyle John , Cairo Mitchell , Camitta Bruce M. , Chan Ka Wah , Perez Miguel A. Diaz , Fraser Christopher , Gross Thomas G. , Horan John T. , Kennedy‐Nasser Alana A. , Kitko Carrie , Kurtzberg Joanne , Lehmann Leslie , O'Brien Tracey , Pulsipher Michael A. , Smith Franklin O. , Zhang Mei‐Jie , Eapen Mary , Carpenter Paul A. ,   On behalf of the CIBMTR Pediatric Cancer Working Committee
Published: January 2014

We report on 27 patients with Down syndrome (DS) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) between 2000 and 2009. Seventy‐eight percent of patients received myeloablative conditioning and 52% underwent transplantation in second remission. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was 24% at a median of 3 years. Post‐transplant leukemic relapse was more frequent than expected for children with DS‐ALL (54%) than for non‐DS ALL. These data suggest leukemic relapse rather than transplant toxicity is the most important cause of treatment failure. Advancements in leukemia control are especially needed for improvement in HCT outcomes for DS‐ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1126–1128. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Changes in Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling: Retirement of Risk Categories
Authors: Ramoz Leda L. , Patel‐Shori Nima M.
Published: January 2014

The rapid development and increased availability of novel pharmacologic therapies and pharmaceutical products has amplified the potential for drug exposure during pregnancy. Many drugs are beneficial for disease state management during pregnancy and provide significant fetal and maternal health benefits. However, a paucity of safety data combined with the imprecision of the current risk category system renders risk versus benefit assessment difficult. In response to decades of criticism, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is implementing a new pregnancy and lactation labeling rule designed to improve risk versus benefit assessment of drugs used in pregnant and nursing mothers. These recommendations will provide clear and detailed information for both patients and health care providers, and they will include three main categories: risk summary, clinical considerations, and data. The new labeling rules remove the previous letter risk categorization system (A, B, C, D, X). In this review, we summarize the upcoming FDA labeling changes and discuss their potential consequences on clinical practice.
Use of Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy in Menopausal Women: An Opinion Statement of the Women's Health Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: McBane Sarah E. , Borgelt Laura M. , Barnes Kylie N. , Westberg Sarah M. , Lodise Nicole M. , Stassinos Martha
Published: January 2014

Menopausal symptoms affect a significant portion of women. Traditional treatment with manufactured hormone therapy can alleviate these symptoms, but many women and their health care providers are concerned about the risks, such as venous thromboembolism and certain types of cancer, demonstrated with manufactured hormone therapy. Compounded bioidentical hormone therapy has been proposed and is often used as a solution for these concerns. Despite this use, no data are currently available to support the claims that compounded bioidentical hormone therapy is a safer or more efficacious option compared with manufactured hormone therapy. A common misperception is that all manufactured products consist of synthetic hormones and all compounded medications consist of natural hormones; however, in fact, significant overlap exists. Several key stakeholder organizations have issued statements expressing concern about the lack of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of compounded bioidentical hormone therapy, in addition to concerns regarding prescribing patterns. The Women's Health Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy recommends against the consistent use of compounded bioidentical hormones as a safer option compared with manufactured therapy and supports the statements of other key organizations, acknowledging the need for more robust clinical studies to evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of compounded bioidentical products compared with manufactured products.
Crystal structures and kinetic properties of enoyl‐acyl carrier protein reductase I from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus
Authors: Jiang Ling , Gao Zengqiang , Li Yanhua , Wang Shennan , Dong Yuhui
Published: January 2014

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a destructive citrus disease. The leading cause of HLB is Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Fatty acid biosynthesis is essential for bacterial viability and has been validated as a target for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Enoyl−acyl carrier protein reductase (also called ENR or FabI and a product of the fabI gene) is an enzyme required in a critical step of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis and has attracted attention as a target of novel antimicrobial agents. We determined the crystal structures of FabI from Ca. L. asiaticus in its apoform as well as in complex with b‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) at 1.7 and 2.7 Å resolution, respectively, to facilitate the design and screening of small molecule inhibitors of FabI. The monomeric ClFabI is highly similar to other known FabI structures as expected; however, unlike the typical tetramer, ClFabI exists as a hexamer in crystal, whereas as dimer in solution, on the other hand, the substrate binding loop which always disordered in apoform FabI structures is ordered in apo‐ClFabI. Interestingly, the structure of ClFabI undergoes remarkable conformational change in the substrate‐binding loop in the presence of NAD. We conclude that the signature sequence motif of FabI can be considered as Gly‐(Xaa)5‐Ser‐(Xaa)n‐Val‐Tyr‐(Xaa)6‐Lys‐(Xaa)n‐Thr instead of Tyr‐(Xaa)6‐Lys. We have further identified isoniazid as a competitive inhibitor with NADH.
Transdiaphragmatic Resuscitative Open Cardiac Massage: Description of the Technique and a First Case‐Series of an Alternative Approach to the Heart
Authors: Schnüriger Beat , Studer Peter , Candinas Daniel , Seiler Christian A.
Published: January 2014

Background

The purpose of this paper is to describe the transdiaphragmatic approach to the heart for open CPR in patients that arrest at laparotomy and to present a first case series of patients that have undergone this procedure.

Methods

All patients who had undergone intraperitoneal transdiaphragmatic open CPR between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012 were retrieved from the operation registry at Bern University Hospital, Switzerland. Transdiaphragmatic access to the heart is initiated with a 10‐cm‐long anterocaudal incision in the central tendon of the diaphragm—approximately at 2 o’clock. Internal cardiac compression through the diaphragmatic incision can be performed from both sides of the patient. From the right side of the patient, cardiac massage is performed with the right hand and vice versa.

Results

A total of six patients were identified that suffered cardiac arrest during laparotomy with open CPR performed through the transdiaphragmatic approach. Four patients suffered cardiac arrest during orthotopic liver transplantation and two trauma patients suffered cardiac arrest during damage control laparotomy. In three patients, cardiac activity was never reestablished. However, three patients regained a perfusion heart rhythm and two of these survived to the ICU. One patient ultimately survived to discharge.

Conclusions

In patients suffering cardiac arrest during laparotomy, the transdiaphragmatic approach allows for a rapid, technically easy, and almost atraumatic access to the heart, with excellent CPR performance. After this potentially life‐saving procedure, pulmonary or surgical site complications are expected to occur much less compared with the conventionally performed emergency department left‐sided thoracotomy.
Impact of Surgical Resection for Subdiaphragmatic Paragangliomas
Authors: Abadin Shabirhusain S. , Ayala‐Ramirez Montserrat , Jimenez Camilo , Dickson Paxton V. , Liang Yu , Lazar Alexander J. , Hornick Jason L. , Cotton Michael , Sui Dawen , Rich Thereasa , Lee Jeffrey E. , Grubbs Elizabeth , Perrier Nancy D.
Published: January 2014

Background

Subdiaphragmatic paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor for which scarce data exist regarding long‐term patient outcome following resection. The aim of this study was to determine the association of surgical resection with survival.

Methods

A retrospective study at a tertiary care center was performed. Demographics, genetics, histology, and operative details were reviewed. Patients were grouped according to margin status (R0, R1, or R2) and survival calculated.

Results

A total of 50 patients with subdiaphragmatic paragangliomas underwent primary resection from 1999 to 2012. Median age at operation was 46 years, with a median tumor size of 6.0 cm. Of these patients, 30 (60 %) had a R0 resection, 11 (22 %) had a R1 resection, and 9 (18 %) had a R2 resection. There was no operative mortality, and 17 (34 %) patients had metastatic disease. Six (12 %) patients died, four (8 %) of whom had metastatic disease. Univariate analysis identified that age >50 years (p = 0.02) and undergoing a R2 resection (p = 0.03) were associated with a shorter overall survival (OS). Those with metastases at some point after their initial diagnosis had a shorter disease‐free survival (DFS) than those without metastases (p = 0.04). Of 27 patients tested, 12 (44 %) had a germline succinyl dehydrogenase B (SDHB) mutation. SDHB immunohistochemistry identified 18 patients (of 27 who underwent staining) who had loss of SDHB expression in which 7 of 11 patients (63 %) who underwent genetic testing had a genetic mutation.

Conclusions

Surgical resection of subdiaphragmatic paraganglioma is safe. Survival was longest in patients who were younger, with no metastases, or had a R0 or R1 resection. Patients who test negative for a germline mutation should undergo SDHB immunostaining to identify potential hereditary carriers missed by current genetic testing.
Biological Behaviors of Guanidine‐Based Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Song Yongbo , Li Qiuxiao , Li Yunling , Zhi Lifei
Published: January 2014

The biological properties of novel guanidine‐based cationic surfactant including mono‐alkylguanidine (CnG), N,N,N′‐dimethyl alkylguanidine (CnMG), dicephalic guanidine surfactant (CnGQ), heterogemini guanidine surfactant (diCnGQ) were investigated. Antimicrobial activity was determined via the inhibition of cell viability of the prepared compounds, which was measured against three strains of a representative group of microorganisms. The inhibitions of cell viability were basically about 90 % at the concentration of 25 mg L−1 to alkyl guanidium salts (CnG, CnMG), and higher than 95 % at a concentration of 10 mg L−1 to dicephalic guanidine surfactants (CnGQ) and heterogemini guanidine surfactants (diCnGQ). The interactions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with guanidine surfactants were investigated by fluorescence technology and the effect on BSA conformation follow the order: diC12GQ > C12GQ > C12G > C12MG. At any particular concentration, the biological activity depends on the alkyl chain length to any series of guanidine‐based cationic surfactants.
Matching the Functionality of Single‐Cell Algal Oils with Different Molecular Compositions
Authors: Co Edmund D. , Koutchekinia Mona , Carney John R. , Bond Risha , Rakitsky Walter , Marangoni Alejandro G.
Published: January 2014

The fatty acid composition, triglyceride composition, melting/crystallization profiles, crystallization kinetics, X‐ray diffraction patterns, microstructure and mechanical properties of a pair of algal oils were studied to elucidate structural reasons for the similarity in melting and mechanical properties. Oil A is a predominantly saturated fat, rich in capric, myristic and palmitic acids, composed mostly of trisaturated triglycerides while Oil B contains predominantly palmitic and oleic acids in triglycerides such as POP/OPP and OOP/OPO. The DSC thermogram of Oil A shows similar peak melting temperatures to that of Oil B with Oil B exhibiting a few additional peaks. Both oils exhibit identical SFC‐temperature profiles. Polarized light microscopy revealed a needle‐like morphology for both Oil A and Oil B, with an average length of approximately 3.5–4.0 μm. The similar morphology of the crystals was attributed to a similar polymorphic form (β’) present in both. The fractal dimensions for the distribution of crystalline material within the fat crystal networks of both oils were also similar. The identical melting and mechanical properties of Oil A and Oil B were thus be attributed, respectively, to the presence of different triglycerides (in approximately equal proportions) with similar melting points and the assembly of these triglycerides into crystals of identical shape and size, which are in turn assembled into a network with identical crystal mass distributions. This work suggests that the mechanical and thermal properties of oils with vastly different molecular compositions can be matched by targetting specific TAG combinations which yield similar melting behavior, microstructure and mechanical response.
Synthetic biology: a new approach to study biological pattern formation
Authors: Liu Chenli , Fu Xiongfei , Huang Jian‐Dong
Published: January 2014

The principles and molecular mechanisms underlying biological pattern formation are difficult to elucidate in most cases due to the overwhelming physiologic complexity associated with the natural context. The understanding of a particular mechanism, not to speak of underlying universal principles, is difficult due to the diversity and uncertainty of the biological systems. Although current genetic and biochemical approaches have greatly advanced our understanding of pattern formation, the progress mainly relies on experimental phenotypes obtained from time‐consuming studies of gain or loss of function mutants. It is prevailingly considered that synthetic biology will come to the application age, but more importantly synthetic biology can be used to understand the life. Using periodic stripe pattern formation as a paradigm, we discuss how to apply synthetic biology in understanding biological pattern formation and hereafter foster the applications like tissue engineering.
A TDG/CBP/RARα Ternary Complex Mediates the Retinoic Acid-Dependent Expression of DNA Methylation-Sensitive Genes
Authors: Léger Hélène , Smet-Nocca Caroline , Attmane-Elakeb Amel , Morley-Fletcher Sara , Benecke Arndt G. , Eilebrecht Sebastian
Published: January 2014

The thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is a multifunctional enzyme, which is essential for embryonic development. It mediates the base excision repair (BER) of G:T and G:U DNA mismatches arising from the deamination of 5-methyl cytosine (5-MeC) and cytosine, respectively. Recent studies have pointed at a role of TDG during the active demethylation of 5-MeC within CpG islands. TDG interacts with the histone acetylase CREB-binding protein (CBP) to activate CBP-dependent transcription. In addition, TDG also interacts with the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), resulting in the activation of RARα target genes. Here we provide evidence for the existence of a functional ternary complex containing TDG, CBP and activated RARα. Using global transcriptome profiling, we uncover a coupling of de novo methylation-sensitive and RA-dependent transcription, which coincides with a significant subset of CBP target genes. The introduction of a point mutation in TDG, which neither affects overall protein structure nor BER activity, leads to a significant loss in ternary complex stability, resulting in the deregulation of RA targets involved in cellular networks associated with DNA replication, recombination and repair. We thus demonstrate for the first time a direct coupling of TDG’s epigenomic and transcription regulatory function through ternary complexes with CBP and RARα.
Social Interaction and Atypical Sensory Processing in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders*
Authors: Matsushima Kanae , Kato Toshihiro
Published: January 2014

Objective/Background

Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have sensory processing disorders (SPDs), which may limit many facets of daily life, including social interaction, an important domain of occupational therapy. Therefore, we examined the relationship between social interaction deficits and SPD in 4—6-year-old children with ASD without intellectual disorders.

Methods

The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Japanese Sensory Inventory-Revised (JSI-R) questionnaires were administered to parents of children with ASD and children in the control group (n = 42 each).

Results

Response analyses revealed significant intergroup differences in scores for the questionnaires, with more atypical sensory processing patterns and social interaction deficits observed in children with ASD. Significant correlations were observed between the SRS total raw scores and subcategory scores of all sensory modalities of the JSI-R in the entire experimental group. The SPD symptoms were significantly associated with social interaction deficits in children with ASD.

Conclusion

It is important that occupational therapists consider SPD symptoms in children with ASD to provide early intervention for social interaction deficits.
Angiogenin interacts with the plasminogen activation system at the cell surface of breast cancer cells to regulate plasmin formation and cell migration
Authors: Dutta Sujoy , Bandyopadhyay Chirosree , Bottero Virginie , Veettil Mohanan V. , Wilson Lydia , Pins Michael R. , Johnson Karen E. , Warshall Case , Chandran Bala
Published: January 2014

Angiogenin (ANG), a 14‐kDa pro‐angiogenic secreted protein, has been shown to play a role in cell migration and tumor invasion, which involve proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen to generate plasmin. However, the mechanism by which ANG regulates plasmin formation and cell migration was not known. Our studies here detected elevated levels of secreted and cell surface‐bound ANG in highly invasive metastatic breast cancer cells. ANG was also detected at very high levels in the tumor cells in infiltrating ductal carcinomas. By immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analysis, ANG was detected at the leading edges of the cell surfaces where it colocalized and interacted with members of the plasminogen activation system (PAS) such as annexin A2 (A2), calpactin (S100‐A10) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Analysis of lipid raft (LR) and non‐lipid raft (NLR) regions of the cell membranes showed the predominance of ANG, A2 and S100‐A10 in the LR regions. In contrast, uPAR was detected predominantly in the NLR fractions, suggesting that ANG interacts with uPAR at the junctions of LR and NLR regions. ANG knockdown in T47D and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines did not affect the cellular expression of A2, S100‐A10 and uPAR but decreased cell migration and plasmin formation. Neutralization of ANG with monoclonal antibodies similarly decreased the migration of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In the presence of ANG, uPAR was observed to interact with uPA, which is necessary for plasmin formation. Conversely, in the absence of ANG, uPAR did not interact with uPA and FAK and Src kinases were observed to be dephosphorylated. Exogenous addition of recombinant ANG to ANG knocked down MDA‐MB‐231 cells restored FAK phosphorylation, uPAR interactions with uPA, plasmin formation as well as migration of these cells. Taken together, our results identified a novel role for ANG as a member of the uPAR interactome that facilitates the interaction of uPAR with uPA, leading to plasmin formation and cell migration necessary for tumor invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
TP53 mutation‐correlated genes predict the risk of tumor relapse and identify MPS1 as a potential therapeutic kinase in TP53‐mutated breast cancers
Authors: Győrffy Balázs , Bottai Giulia , Lehmann-Che Jacqueline , Kéri György , Őrfi László , Iwamoto Takayuki , Desmedt Christine , Bianchini Giampaolo , Turner Nicholas C. , de Thè Hugues , André Fabrice , Sotiriou Christos , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Di Leo Angelo , Pusztai Lajos , Santarpia Libero
Published: January 2014

Breast cancers (BC) carry a complex set of gene mutations that can influence their gene expression and clinical behavior. We aimed to identify genes driven by the TP53 mutation status and assess their clinical relevance in estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and ER‐negative BC, and their potential as targets for patients with TP53 mutated tumors. Separate ROC analyses of each gene expression according to TP53 mutation status were performed. The prognostic value of genes with the highest AUC were assessed in a large dataset of untreated, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy treated patients. The mitotic checkpoint gene MPS1 was the most significant gene correlated with TP53 status, and the most significant prognostic marker in all ER‐positive BC datasets. MPS1 retained its prognostic value independently from the type of treatment administered. The biological functions of MPS1 were investigated in different BC cell lines. We also assessed the effects of a potent small molecule inhibitor of MPS1, SP600125, alone and in combination with chemotherapy. Consistent with the gene expression profiling and siRNA assays, the inhibition of MPS1 by SP600125 led to a reduction in cell viability and a significant increase in cell death, selectively in TP53‐mutated BC cells. Furthermore, the chemical inhibition of MPS1 sensitized BC cells to conventional chemotherapy, particularly taxanes. Our results collectively demonstrate that TP53‐correlated kinase MPS1, is a potential therapeutic target in BC patients with TP53 mutated tumors, and that SP600125 warrant further development in future clinical trials.
Emotionale Erschöpfung und Wohlbefinden bei Gesundheitsfachberufen
Authors: Zimmermann Linda , Körner Mirjam
Published: January 2014

Einleitung

Die gesundheitliche Gefährdung ist für Beschäftigte der Gesundheitsversorgung im Vergleich zu anderen Branchen erhöht. Ziel dieser Befragung ist die Erfassung des Ist-Zustandes emotionaler Erschöpfung und des Wohlbefindens aus Sicht der Gesundheitsfachberufe in 9 Rehabilitationskliniken (N = 306). Ein Viertel der Befragten gibt an, „oft“ bzw. „immer“ emotional erschöpft zu sein. Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen sollten im Gesundheitsversorgungsbereich mehr Beachtung finden.
Changing banking relationships and client‐firm performance: Evidence from Japan for the 1990s
Authors: Tsuruta Daisuke
Published: January 2014

The extant literature generally suggests that the performance of client firms deteriorates if their distressed main bank reduces the supply of credit. However, this insight is only consistent with the notion that main banks have an information advantage over other banks to the extent that a client firm has trouble getting access to credit if the firm changes its main bank. This paper shows that Japanese firms did change their main banking relationship when their main banks become distressed in a period with financial shocks. Surprisingly, these firms did not suffer from loss of access to credit and actually their performance significantly improved after their change of main banks.
Wilderness and Adventure Travel With Underlying Asthma
Authors: Doan Daniel , Luks Andrew M.
Published: January 2014

Given the high prevalence of asthma, it is likely that providers working in a pretravel setting will be asked to provide guidance for asthma patients about how to manage their disease before and during wilderness or adventure travel, while providers working in the field setting may need to address asthma-related issues that arise during such excursions. This review aims to provide information to assist providers facing these issues. Relevant literature was identified through the MEDLINE database using a key word search of the English-language literature from 1980 to 2013 using the term “asthma” cross-referenced with “adventure travel,” “trekking,” “exercise,” “exercise-induced bronchoconstriction,” “high-altitude,” “scuba,” and “diving.” We review data on the frequency of worsening asthma control during wilderness or adventure travel and discuss the unique aspects of wilderness travel that may affect asthma patients in the field. We then provide a general approach to evaluation and management of asthma before and during a planned sojourn and address 2 particular situations, activities at high altitude and scuba diving, which pose unique risks to asthma patients and warrant additional attention. Although wilderness and adventure travel should be avoided in individuals with poorly controlled disease or worsening control at the time of a planned trip, individuals with well-controlled asthma who undergo appropriate pretravel assessment and planning can safely engage in a wide range of wilderness and adventure-related activities.
Catfish Noodling Forearm Injury Requiring Urgent Surgical Treatment: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kaar Courtney R.J. , Plikaitis Christina , Germino Kevin W. , Nakanishi Albert K.
Published: January 2014

“Noodling” is an ancient form of hand fishing recently gaining in popularity as a hobby and sport. We present one of the first case reports of a noodling injury in an adolescent male seeking to land a large catfish, and also review the literature on catfish-related injuries.
Modern Small Antennas
Authors: Fujimoto Kyohei , Morishita Hisashi
Published: January 2014

If you are involved in designing and developing small antennas, this complete cutting-edge guide covers everything you need to know. From fundamentals and basic theory to design optimization, evaluation, measurements and simulation techniques, all the essential information is included. You will also get many practical examples from a range of wireless systems, whilst a glossary is provided to bring you up to speed on the latest terminology. A wide variety of small antennas is covered, and design and practice steps are described for each type: electrically small, functionally small, physically constrained small and physically small. Whether you are a professional in industry, a researcher, or a graduate student, this is your essential guide to small antennas.
The Urbanisation of Rome and Latium Vetus
Authors: Fulminante Francesca
Published: January 2014

This book focuses on urbanization and state formation in middle Tyrrhenian Italy during the first millennium BC by analyzing settlement organization and territorial patterns in Rome and Latium vetus from the Bronze Age to the Archaic Era. In contrast with the traditional diffusionist view, which holds that the idea of the city was introduced to the West via Greek and Phoenician colonists from the more developed Near East, this book demonstrates important local developments towards higher complexity, dating to at least the beginning of the Early Iron Age, if not earlier. By adopting a multidisciplinary and multi-theoretical framework, this book overcomes the old debate between exogenous and endogenous by suggesting a network approach that sees Mediterranean urbanization as the product of reciprocal catalyzing actions.
REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY IN NIGERIA: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS
Authors: ADEDINI SUNDAY A. , ODIMEGWU CLIFFORD , IMASIKU EUNICE N. S. , ONONOKPONO DOROTHY N. , IBISOMI LATIFAT
Published: January 2014

There are substantial regional disparities in under-five mortality in Nigeria, and evidence suggests that both individual- and community-level characteristics have an influence on health outcomes. Using 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data, this study (1) examines the effects of individual- and community-level characteristics on infant/child mortality in Nigeria and (2) determines the extent to which characteristics at these levels influence regional variations in infant/child mortality in the country. Multilevel Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed on a nationally representative sample of 28,647 children nested within 18,028 mothers of reproductive age, who were also nested within 886 communities. The results indicate that community-level variables (such as region, place of residence, community infrastructure, community hospital delivery and community poverty level) and individual-level factors (including child's sex, birth order, birth interval, maternal education, maternal age and wealth index) are important determinants of infant/child mortality in Nigeria. For instance, the results show a lower risk of death in infancy for children of mothers residing in communities with a high proportion of hospital delivery (HR: 0.70, p<0.05) and for children whose mothers had secondary or higher education (HR: 0.84, p<0.05). Although community factors appear to influence the association between individual-level factors and death during infancy and childhood, the findings consistently indicate that community-level characteristics are more important in explaining regional variations in child mortality, while individual-level factors are more important for regional variations in infant mortality. The results of this study underscore the need to look beyond the influence of individual-level factors in addressing regional variations in infant and child mortality in Nigeria.
Sacred bribes and violence deferred: Buddhist ritual in rural Cambodia
Authors: Work Courtney
Published: January 2014

In a rapidly modernising Cambodia, dance parties that accompany large temple celebrations and weddings have become violent arenas where young men fight with fists and knives beyond police control. In 2010, this led to a ban on dance parties during the Pchuṃ Biṇḍ celebration. This paper concerns an ad hoc bribe to lift the ban that was collected in the manner of a meritorious temple offering. I suggest that the flexible parameters of Buddhist merit-making in this ritualised context both reconfigured the bribe and palpably brought expectations of moral conduct into the energetically charged dancing arena — but only momentarily.
Spirit cults and Buddhist practice in Kep Province, Cambodia
Authors: O’Lemmon Matthew
Published: January 2014

This article focuses on the growth of spirit cults in Cambodia since the end of the Democratic Kampuchea regime through an examination of the most common type of tutelary spirit,neak ta, in Kompong Tralach in Kep Province. The role ofneak tais discussed in relation to Buddhism through their representation in local legends and myths, as reported by villagers and monks, and as the focus of rituals and ceremonies, including some conducted in a Buddhist temple, Wat Kompong Tralach. This provides ethnographic data showing that during and following the destruction of Buddhism under the Khmer Rouge, and the resulting loss of monks and knowledgeable lay Buddhist specialists, Cambodians turned increasingly to older traditions such as the belief in the power and efficacy ofneak tato help fill a void. This examination of the enduring place and growing importance of beliefs such as theneak tacult within Khmer cosmology and religious practice following decades of war and recovery deepens our understanding of the reconstruction of Buddhism in Cambodia.
A facile one pot strategy for the synthesis of well-defined polyacrylates from acrylic acid via RAFT polymerization
Authors: Li Qianbiao , Wang Taisheng , Dai Jingwen , Ma Chao , Jin Bangkun , Bai Ruke
Published: January 2014

Linear and hyperbranched polyacrylates were successfully synthesized by the combination of in situ esterification of acrylic acid with halogenated compounds promoted by 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and RAFT polymerization.
Splitting growth of novel CuO straw sheaves and their improved photocatalytic activity due to exposed active {110} facets and crystallinity
Authors: Zhao Yunxuan , Shi Huaxia , Chen Mingdong , Teng Fei
Published: January 2014

Novel CuO straw sheaves formed by a splitting growth process show an improved photodegradation activity of RhB.
Reactions of ruthenium hydrides with ethyl-vinyl sulfide
Authors: Dahcheh Fatme , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: January 2014

Ru-hydride precursors containing the OCO-carbene ligand react with ethyl-vinyl-sulfide to give Ru alkyl and vinyl derivatives via an initial insertion of the vinyl-fragment into the Ru–H, subsequent C–H activation and loss of diethyl sulfide.
Precipitation of chitosan from ionic liquid solution by the compressed CO2 anti-solvent method
Authors: Sun Xiaofu , Xue Zhimin , Mu Tiancheng
Published: January 2014

Chitosan can be efficiently regenerated from ionic liquid by using compressed carbon dioxide.
Precise tellurium isotope analysis by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (N-TIMS)
Authors: Fukami Yusuke , Yokoyama Tetsuya
Published: January 2014

We present a new method for precise isotope analysis of Te by thermal ionization mass spectrometry in negative ion mode (N-TIMS) along with an improved technique for chemical separation of Te from geochemical samples.
Closed‐loop hybrid direct torque control for medium voltage induction motor drive for performance improvement
Authors: Patil UdayKumar V , Suryawanshi Hiralal Murlidhar , Renge Mohan M.
Published: January 2014

This study presents the hybrid direct torque control (HDTC) method for medium voltage‐range induction motor (IM) drive. The control method comprising the torque control by rotor‐reference frame quadrature‐axis current instead‐of conventional DTC and speed control similar as in space‐vector‐modulation (SVM)‐DTC is proposed. Hence the scheme is referred as HDTC. A carrier‐based space‐vector‐modulation controlled five‐level diode‐clamped multilevel inverter with proposed control scheme is providing promising‐step towards performance enhancement of IM drive in respect of torque ripple contents and steady‐state performance over wide speed‐range. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is confirmed by comparison with DTC in matlab‐simulink. A prototype is fabricated for three‐phase, 3‐HP IM. A 32‐bit fixed‐point DSP‐based control algorithm is developed for DTC and the proposed control scheme. Experimental results show qualitative improvement in performance in terms of reduction in torque ripple by 30%, fast dynamic response even at low speed and improvement in steady state characteristics.
Zero voltage switching DC converter for high‐input voltage and high‐load current applications
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Chen Chih‐Chieh
Published: January 2014

A new DC/DC pulse‐width modulation (PWM) converter with the functions of zero voltage switching (ZVS) for power switches and zero current switching (ZCS) for rectifier diodes is presented for high‐input voltage and high‐load current applications. Three‐level PWM circuit with two clamped diodes and one flying capacitor is adopted to achieve ZVS turn‐on for all power switches, to balance two input capacitor voltages and to limit the voltage rating of each switch at one‐half of input voltage. Two three‐level PWM circuits with the same power switches are used to share the load current for medium power applications. Series–parallel resonant converter or LLC (Lr, Lm and Cr) converter is adopted to achieve ZCS turn‐off for rectifier diodes. Thus, the switching losses of power switches are reduced and the reverse recovery losses of rectifier diodes are eliminated. In order to high load current application, four centre‐tapped rectifiers are connected in parallel to reduce the current rating of rectifier diodes and transformer windings. Experiments are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Effect of replacing dietary corn with beet pulp on energy partitioning, substrate oxidation and methane production in lactating dairy goats
Authors: Ibáñez C. , López M. C. , Criscioni P. , Fernández C.
Published: January 2014

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of substitution of corn by beet pulp on energy partitioning, substrate oxidation, nitrogen and carbon balance and milk performance in dairy goats during late lactation. Twelve multiparous lactating Murciano-Granadina goats were fed two diets. Six goats were fed a mixed ration with 310 g/kg DM of ground corn (diet CORN) and in the other diet the corn was substituted with 302 g/kg DM of beet pulp (diet BP) in a cross-over design. No significant differences between diets were observed for milk production (1.36 kg/day, on average) and differences were found for milk fat (5.39 and 4.21% for BP and CORN, respectively). The metabolisable energy intake was higher (P < 0.05) in the CORN diet than BP (1320 vs 1044 kJ/kg0.75 BW, respectively). The difference in methane emissions between treatments was significant (P < 0.05) with values of 92 vs 61 kJ/kg0.75 BW for BP and CORN, respectively, indicating that greater levels of starch in diet reduce methane production. Replacing corn with BP reduced significantly the energy body fat deposition (300 vs 44 kJ/kg0.75 BW for CORN and BP diets, respectively). This reduction in energy retention for the BP diet did not compromise milk yield and milk energy output.
Effect of varying the proportion of molasses in the diet on intake, digestion and microbial protein production by steers
Authors: Tuyen D. V. , Tolosa X. M. , Poppi D. P. , McLennan S. R.
Published: January 2014

The present experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of microbial protein production in the rumen and intake by cattle fed high-molasses diets. Intake and microbial crude protein (MCP) production were measured along with the concentration of rumen ammonia-nitrogen (N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH and the rate of digestion of roughage in the rumen. Eight Brahman crossbred steers weighing 211 ± 19.3 (± s.d.) kg were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square design. Steers were allocated to one of four total mixed rations: control (pangola hay only), 25M (25% molasses/urea mix + 75% hay), 50M (50% molasses/urea + 50% hay), and 75M (75% molasses/urea + 25% hay). The production and efficiency of production of MCP (EMCP) of the diet increased quadratically as the level of molasses in the diet increased. The EMCP from the molasses/urea mix was estimated as 166 g MCP/kg digestible organic matter (DOM), a relatively high value. Intake of dry matter (DM) and DOM increased quadratically, reaching a peak when molasses was ~50% (as fed) of the ration. Digestibility of DM increased quadratically and that of neutral detergent fibre decreased linearly with increasing level of molasses in the diet. Molasses inclusion in the diet had no effect on rumen pH, ammonia and VFA concentration in the rumen fluid, plasma urea-N, urine pH or ruminal fractional outflow rate of ytterbium-labelled particles and Cr-EDTA. It was concluded that a diet with a high level of molasses (>50%) and supplemented with adequate N had high EMCP, and that low MCP production was not a factor limiting intake or performance of cattle consuming high-molasses diets.
Synthesis, Optical, and Antioxidant Studies of Anthraquinone-core-based Dendrimers with N-Phenylcarbazole as Surface Group
Authors: Rajakumar Perumal , Venkatesan Nagarathinam , Sekar Karuppannan , Nagaraj Subramani , Rengasamy Ramasamy
Published: January 2014

Synthesis of hyperbranched dendrimers up to third generation with N-phenylcarbazole as surface group and anthraquinone as the core unit has been achieved. The fluorescence decay studies of the dendrimers indicate that generation growth alters the relaxation time. The highly branched third-generation dendrimer has a longer relaxation time than the zero-, first-, and second-generation dendrimers. Similarly, higher-generation dendrimers show better antioxidant behaviour with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl than the lower-generation dendrimers.
From 'Lab & Light on a Chip' to Parallel Microflow Photochemistry
Authors: Oelgemöller Michael , Hoffmann Norbert , Shvydkiv Oksana
Published: January 2014

Continuous-flow microreactors offer major advantages for photochemical applications. This mini-review summarizes the technological development of microflow devices in the Applied and Green Photochemistry Group at James Cook University, and its associates, from fixed microchips for microscale synthesis to flexible multicapillary systems for parallel photochemistry. Whereas the enclosed microchip offered high space–time-yields, the open capillary-type reactor showed a greater potential for further modifications. Consequently, a 10-microcapillary reactor was constructed and used successfully for process optimization, reproducibility studies, scale-up, and library synthesis. To demonstrate the superiority of microflow photochemistry over conventional batch processes, the reactors were systematically evaluated using alcohol additions to furanones as model reactions. In all cases, the microreactor systems furnished faster conversions, improved product qualities, and higher yields. UVC-induced [2+2] cycloadditions of furanone with alkenes were exemplarily examined in a capillary reactor, thus proving the broad applicability of this reactor type.
Response of durum wheat to different levels of zinc and Fusarium pseudograminearum
Authors: Al-Fahdawi Mohsin S. , Able Jason A. , Evans Margaret , Able Amanda J.
Published: January 2014

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is susceptible to Fusarium pseudograminearum and sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in Australian soils. However, little is known about the interaction between these two potentially yield-limiting factors, especially for Australian durum varieties. The critical Zn concentration (concentration of Zn in the plant when there is a 10% reduction in yield) and degree of susceptibility to F. pseudograminearum was therefore determined for five Australian durum varieties (Yawa, Hyperno, Tjilkuri, WID802, UAD1153303). Critical Zn concentration averaged 24.6 mg kg–1 for all durum varieties but differed for the individual varieties (mg kg–1: Yawa, 21.7; Hyperno, 22.7; Tjilkuri, 24.1; WID802, 24.8; UAD1153303, 28.7). Zinc efficiency also varied amongst genotypes (39–52%). However, Zn utilisation was similar amongst genotypes under Zn-deficient or Zn-sufficient conditions (0.51–0.59 and 0.017–0.022 g DM μg–1 Zn, respectively). All varieties were susceptible to F. pseudograminearum but the development of symptoms and detrimental effect on shoot biomass and grain yield were significantly greater in Tjilkuri. Even though crown rot symptoms may still be present, the supply of adequate Zn in the soil helped to maintain biomass and grain yield in all durum varieties. However, the extent to which durum varieties were protected from plant growth penalties due to crown rot by Zn treatment was genotype-dependent.