bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Priests in The Netherlands
Authors: Wijsen Frans J.S.
Published: February 2016

In 2012 Gerard Moorman wrote an article in this journal about foreign members of Roman Catholic religious institutes working in The Netherlands. This article is a follow-up, going in-depth. Its aim is to explore an uneasiness in the relation between foreign priests and Dutch Catholics, and what should and could be done about it. The sources that are used are key informants and policy documents of international religious institutes, analysing them using open and selective coding, and reflecting upon them from the perspectives of the Second Vatican Council notion of mutual missionary assistance of churches and of external and internal outsourcing in international businesses. The author concludes that the reversed mission of foreign missionaries is contested both within and inside religious institutes; that what is seen as added value depends on the perspective that one takes; and that foreign missionaries do not engage in what is usually seen as core business of missionary institutes, the missio ad gentes or primary evangelization.
Responsive Antarctic Law-Making in the Asian Century
Authors: Saul Ben , Stephens Tim
Published: February 2016

One aspect of the ‘Asian Century’ has been the growing interest from Asian states in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean that surrounds the continent. There has been a significant shift in the approach by a number of Asian states to the Antarctic Treaty and the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) that has been built upon and around it. While Asian states continue to be under-represented in the ATS (there are seven Asian state parties to the Antarctic Treaty), participation has grown, and more significantly the view that the ATS is an ‘exclusive club’ dominated by developed states has given way to a more pragmatic, more cooperative and less ideological approach to Antarctic affairs. Broadening ATS membership and increasing interest from existing Asian state parties to the ATS, most notably China, prompts questions as to whether there are distinctive Asian–Antarctic issues, and if so whether the Antarctic regime can evolve to address them. Specifically, are the governance and law-making processes of the ATS, which have not changed significantly for decades, up to the task of providing an effective international system of Antarctic management in this Asian Century?
The Arctic Economic Council – the Origins
Authors: Loukacheva Natalia
Published: February 2016

On 2 September 2014, in the Canadian town of Iqaluit – the territorial capital of Nunavut – the founding meeting of the Arctic Economic Council took place. By relying on founding documents, interviews with stakeholders who were engaged in the development of the concept of the Council, and by following the process of its establishment, the author examines why the Arctic Council established this new independent body. The article looks back at the history of the Arctic Council’s relationships with business and examines what the objectives of the new Arctic Economic Council are. It also explores how the new council will do business and concludes by posing questions about how the Council might facilitate economic development, entrepreneurship, a new vision and dialogue, and generally how it can best serve the circumpolar business community, Northern and Indigenous stakeholders.
On the Zonal Near-Constancy of Fractional Solar Absorption in the Atmosphere
Authors: Hakuba Maria Z. , Folini Doris , Wild Martin
Published: February 2016

Over Europe, a recent study found the fractional all-sky atmospheric solar absorption to be largely unaffected by variations in latitude, remaining nearly constant at its regional mean of 23% ± 1%, relative to the respective top-of-atmosphere insolation. The satellite-based CERES EBAF dataset (2000–10) confirms the weak latitude dependence within 23% ± 2%, representative of the near-global scale between 60°S and 60°N. Under clear-sky conditions, the fractional absorption follows the spatial imprint of the water vapor path, peaking in the tropics and decreasing toward the poles, accompanied by a slight hemispheric asymmetry. In the northern extratropics, the clear-sky absorption attains zonal near-constancy due to combined water vapor, surface albedo, and aerosol effects that are largely amiss in the Southern Hemisphere. In line with earlier studies, the CERES EBAF suggests an increase in atmospheric solar absorption due to clouds by on average 1.5% (5 W m−2) from 21.5% (78 W m−2) under clear-sky conditions to 23% (83 W m−2) under all-sky conditions (60°S–60°N). The low-level clouds in the extratropics act to enhance the absorption, whereas the high clouds in the tropics exhibit a near-zero effect. Consequently, clouds reduce the latitude dependence of fractional atmospheric solar absorption and yield a near-constant zonal mean pattern under all-sky conditions. In the GEWEX-SRB satellite product and the historical simulations from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5; 1996–2005, multimodel mean) the amount of insolation absorbed by the atmosphere is reduced by around −1.3% (5 W m−2) with respect to the CERES EBAF mean. The zonal variability and magnitude of the atmospheric cloud effect are, however, largely in line.
Comparing the experience of voices in borderline personality disorder with the experience of voices in a psychotic disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Merrett Zalie , Rossell Susan L , Castle David J
Published: February 2016

Objective:

In clinical settings, there is substantial evidence both clinically and empirically to suggest that approximately 50% of individuals with borderline personality disorder experience auditory verbal hallucinations. However, there is limited research investigating the phenomenology of these voices. The aim of this study was to review and compare our current understanding of auditory verbal hallucinations in borderline personality disorder with auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with a psychotic disorder, to critically analyse existing studies investigating auditory verbal hallucinations in borderline personality disorder and to identify gaps in current knowledge, which will help direct future research.

Method:

The literature was searched using the electronic database Scopus, PubMed and MEDLINE. Relevant studies were included if they were written in English, were empirical studies specifically addressing auditory verbal hallucinations and borderline personality disorder, were peer reviewed, used only adult humans and sample comprising borderline personality disorder as the primary diagnosis, and included a comparison group with a primary psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia.

Results:

Our search strategy revealed a total of 16 articles investigating the phenomenology of auditory verbal hallucinations in borderline personality disorder. Some studies provided evidence to suggest that the voice experiences in borderline personality disorder are similar to those experienced by people with schizophrenia, for example, occur inside the head, and often involved persecutory voices. Other studies revealed some differences between schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder voice experiences, with the borderline personality disorder voices sounding more derogatory and self-critical in nature and the voice-hearers’ response to the voices were more emotionally resistive. Furthermore, in one study, the schizophrenia group’s voices resulted in more disruption in daily functioning. These studies are, however, limited in number and do not provide definitive evidence of these differences.

Conclusion:

The limited research examining auditory verbal hallucinations experiences in borderline personality disorder poses a significant diagnostic and treatment challenge. A deeper understanding of the precise phenomenological characteristics will help us in terms of diagnostic distinction as well as inform treatments.
Use of virtual industry and laboratory machines to teach electric circuit theory
Authors: de Moura Ailson P , de Moura Adriano AF
Published: February 2016

At the beginning of Fall 2012, the new modules of the Electrical Engineering Department at the Federal University of Ceara, Technology Center, Brazil, significantly modified the instructional philosophy of the TH0 176 Electric Circuit II module. The theory course was enhanced by the introduction of more engineering designs into the curriculum, adopting the virtual industry, and laboratory machine as a methodology to teach alternating electric circuit. This paper discusses the use of this new methodology in detailed form. An example is discussed, along with mathematical models, which describes electric circuit behavior, and it helps each team of students to have a specific homework. The approach presented in this paper can be adapted to any other course in engineering/science that involves mathematical calculations. So far, the course evaluations suggest that the students are more motivated and excited about electrical engineering as a career.
Increased Apoptosis of Inflamed Odontoblasts Is Associated with CD47 Loss
Authors: Wang H.S. , Pei F. , Chen Z. , Zhang L.
Published: February 2016

Survival of odontoblasts during infection and inflammation determines prognosis of the dental pulp. CD47 is a “self”-label surface marker on viable cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the interaction between CD47, autophagy, and apoptosis in inflamed human dental pulp and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–treated mDPC6T cells. We identified activation of autophagy and apoptosis in the odontoblasts due to inflammation of the human dental pulp. Furthermore, downregulation of CD47 correlated with increased autophagy and apoptosis in dental pulp of the patients afflicted with either caries and/or pulpitis. We also detected colocalization of CD47 and LC3 in the inflamed odontoblasts. In addition, functional study indicated that loss of CD47 activates autophagy and increases apoptosis, indicating that CD47 plays a key role in the LPS-induced autophagy and apoptosis of odontoblasts.
A Critique of the Prison Reentry Discourse
Authors: Muth Bill , Warner Kevin , Gogia Laura , Walker Ginger
Published: February 2016

This study raises basic questions about reentry programs in the United States and the discourses of reentry that currently frame policy, research, and programs. We compare Nordic discourses with those in the United States and illustrate how the latter curtail a more complex understanding of the presence of loved ones in the life of an incarcerated father. We found that U.S. reentry discourses in general are future-oriented and convey hopelessness about the capacity of loved ones separated by prison to be positively present—physically and imaginatively—to each other. We conclude the study with implications for a humanizing curriculum.
Formal Economy, Substantive Economy, and Economism
Authors: Sobel Richard , Postel Nicolas
Published: February 2016

Polanyi analyzes the historical deployment of a “formal” economic science starting from the “market-scarcity-instrumental rationality triptych.” This triptych, and the knowledge associated with it, is shown to be more than merely a “substantial” economic science’s interest in the triptych “need-nature-institution.” While we must agree with Polanyi that economism is ill-suited to the first triptych, we hesitate to accept his suggested alternative, a heterogeneous mixture of naturalism and institutionalism, essentialism and historicism.
Vibration characteristic simulation of a pneumatic artificial muscle damping seat
Authors: Sun Dagang , Yan Bijuan , Han Binhui , Song Yong , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2016

A type of pneumatic artificial muscle damping seat used in crawler construction vehicle is introduced. When pneumatic artificial muscle works, nonlinear problem happens. This often makes its working performance become worse. Therefore, a self-tuning fuzzy PID controller is used for pneumatic artificial muscle damping seat to decrease this influence. A simplified three degrees of freedom mathematical model of seat-vehicle body-crawler chassis is established. The vibration damping characteristics of the pneumatic artificial muscle seat are obtained using Matlab/Simulink toolbox. Under four different working conditions of crawler construction vehicle, vertical accelerations and displacements are compared between the new pneumatic artificial muscle damping seat and traditional seat. The simulation results show that the pneumatic artificial muscle seat could get better damping properties. To verify the analytical model, experiments were performed on C and G roads. The simulation results show reasonably good agreements with the experimental data. These research results could provide references for further development of pneumatic artificial muscle-type damping seat.
What is effective care for varicose veins?
Authors: Meissner Mark H
Published: February 2016

Varicose veins affect one-quarter to one-third of Western adult populations and consume an increasing amount of health care resources. Much of this increased utilization has been driven by the advent of minimally invasive technology including endovenous thermal ablation, foam sclerotherapy, and more recently mechanicochemical and cyanoacrylate glue ablation. This has largely been driven by patient and physician preferences in the absence of robust evidence that one therapy is truly superior to another. This partially arises from misunderstandings about appropriate outcomes measures and what truly constitutes effective treatment of varicose veins. Technical outcomes, such as saphenous closure rates, have frequently been used as surrogates for effective treatment but are poorly correlated with symptom improvement, quality of life, and risk of recurrence. Although there does appear to be a trend towards higher recurrence with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy, the data are occasionally conflicting and there does not appear to be substantial differences between the various modalities. Similarly, there do not appear to be major differences in late quality of life measures between these treatment options. As long-term differences in recurrence and quality of life are small, overall cost effectiveness is driven primarily by initial treatment costs and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy is the most cost-effective strategy in many models. However, there continues to be substantial uncertainty surrounding cost estimates and other factors of importance to the patient may ultimately drive treatment decisions. The benefits of some adjuncts to the treatment of axial superficial reflux, such as the concurrent versus staged management of tributary varicosities, remain ill-defined while that of others, such as routine post-procedural ultrasound surveillance and compression, need critical re-evaluation.
Wound dressings, does it matter and why?
Authors: Maessen-Visch Marjolein Birgitte , van Montfrans Catherine
Published: February 2016

Compression therapy and treating venous insufficiency is the standard of care for venous leg ulcers. The need for debridement on healing venous leg ulcers is still debated. Dressings are often used under compression bandages to promote faster healing and prevent adherence of the bandage to the ulcer. A wide range of dressings is available, including modern dressings with different kinds of biological activity. Microbial burden is believed to underlie delayed healing, but the exact role of microbiofilm in wound healing is uncertain. Before choosing a specific wound dressing, four main functions should be considered: (1) cleaning, (2) absorbing, (3) regulating or (4) the necessity of adding medication. There is no clear evidence to support the use of one dressing over another, as demonstrated by many Cochrane review studies. In addition, the prescriber should enquire about contact allergies that may also develop during wound treatment. It is shown that early intervention and early investment may reduce the cost of treatment. The choice of wound dressings should be guided by cost, ease of application and patient and physician preference and be part of the complete strategy. The role of the medical specialist is evident. Wound dressings matter as part of the optimal treatment in VLU patients.
Longitudinal imaging of the availability of dopamine transporter and D2 receptor in rat striatum following mild ischemia
Authors: Momosaki Sotaro , Ito Miwa , Yamato Hiroko , Iimori Hitoshi , Sumiyoshi Hirokazu , Morimoto Kenji , Imamoto Natsumi , Watabe Tadashi , Shimosegawa Eku , Hatazawa Jun , Abe Kohji
Published: February 2016

The changes in the availability of striatal dopamine transporter and dopamine D2 receptor after mild focal ischemia in rats were measured using a small animal positron emission tomography system. Mild focal ischemia was induced by 20-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion. [11C]PE2I binding to dopamine transporter was transiently increased on the ipsilateral side of the striatum at 2 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. On day 7 and 14 after middle cerebral artery occlusion, [11C]PE2I binding levels were decreased. In contrast, [11C]raclopride binding to dopamine D2 receptor in the ipsilateral striatum had not changed at 2 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. [11C]Raclopride binding was significantly decreased on the ischemic side of the striatum at 7 and 14 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Moreover, on day 1 and 2 after middle cerebral artery occlusion, significant circling behavior to the contralateral direction was induced by amphetamine challenge. This behavior disappeared at 7 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. At 14 days, circling behavior to the ipsilateral direction (middle cerebral artery occlusion side) was significantly increased, and that to the contralateral direction also appeared again. The present study suggested that amphetamine-induced circling behavior indicated striatal dopaminergic alterations and that dopamine transporter and dopamine D2 receptor binding could be key markers for predicting motor dysfunction after mild focal ischemia.
Beyond and between academia and business: How Austrian biotechnology researchers describe high-tech startup companies as spaces of knowledge production
Authors: Fochler Maximilian
Published: February 2016

Research and innovation policy has invested considerable effort in creating new institutional spaces at the interface of academia and business. High-tech startups founded by academic entrepreneurs have been central to these policy imaginaries. These companies offer researchers new possibilities beyond and between academia and larger industry. However, the field of science and technology studies has thus far shown only limited interest in understanding these companies as spaces of knowledge production. This article analyses how researchers working in small and medium-sized biotechnology companies in Vienna, Austria, describe the cultural characteristics of knowledge production in this particular institutional space. It traces how they relate these characteristics to other institutional spaces they have experienced in their research biographies, such as in academia or larger corporations. It shows that the reasons why researchers decide to work in biotechnology companies and how they organize their work are deeply influenced by their perception of deficiencies in the conditions for epistemic work in contemporary academia and, to a lesser degree, in industry.
Conventional En Masse Repair Versus Separate Double-Layer Double-Row Repair for the Treatment of Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Kim Yang-Soo , Lee Hyo-Jin , Jin Hong-Ki , Kim Sung-Eun , Lee Jin-Woo
Published: February 2016

Background:

The rotator cuff tendon is known to exert a shear force between the superficial and deep layers. Owing to this characteristic, separate repair of delaminated rotator cuff tears has been introduced for the restoration of the physiological biomechanics of the rotator cuff. However, whether conventional en masse repair or separate repair is superior is controversial in terms of outcomes.

Purpose:

To compare clinical outcomes between conventional en masse repair and separate double-layer double-row repair for the treatment of delaminated rotator cuff tears.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Between August 2007 and March 2014, a total of 82 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair of a delaminated tear were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups. In group 1 (n = 48), arthroscopic conventional en masse repair was performed. In group 2 (n = 34), separate double-layer double-row repair was performed. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant score, Simple Shoulder Test score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain and range of motion (ROM) were assessed before surgery; at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery; and at the last follow-up visit. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 12 months postoperatively to examine the retear rate and pattern.

Results:

There was no significant difference between groups in the preoperative demographic data, including patient age, sex, symptom duration, tear size, and functional scores ( P > .05). The mean follow-up period was 25.9 ± 1.2 months. Significant improvements in functional and pain scores were observed in both groups at the last follow-up visit. However, no significant differences in functional scores and ROM were found between the 2 groups at each time point, except that group 2 had significantly lower VAS pain scores ( P < .05) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Eight (17%) of 48 patients in group 1 and 6 (18%) of 34 patients in group 2 showed retears on MRI at 12-month follow-up ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Both conventional en masse repair and separate double-layer double-row repair were effective in improving clinical outcomes in the treatment of delaminated rotator cuff tears. Lower pain scores were seen in patients who underwent separate double-layer double-row repair.
Seeing Eye to Eye in Arab Canadian Families
Authors: Rasmi Sarah , Chuang Susan S. , Hennig Karl
Published: February 2016

Using a narrative approach, we explored acculturation gaps, parent-child relationships, and conflict (intergenerational conflict and ethnocultural identity conflict) in a sample of immigrant Arab Canadian emerging adults. Our findings revealed that perceived acculturation gaps co-occurred with intergenerational conflict (Theme 1) and ethnocultural identity conflict (Theme 2). Furthermore, the parent–emerging adult relationship was observed to play a role in the co-occurrence of perceived acculturation gaps and conflict. Specifically, participants described strong parent–emerging adult relationships as minimizing the co-occurrence of perceived acculturation gaps and intergenerational conflict (Theme 3), as well as perceived acculturation gaps and ethnocultural identity conflict (Theme 4). On the other hand, participants described weak parent–emerging adult relationships as exacerbating the co-occurrence of perceived acculturation gaps and intergenerational conflict (Theme 3), as well as perceived acculturation gaps and ethnocultural identity conflict (Theme 4). We presented these analyses using thick and rich data extracts from the participants themselves.
Profiles of Child-Welfare-Involved Caregivers Identified by Caseworkers as Having a Domestic Violence Problem: Then and Now
Authors: Nwabuzor Ogbonnaya Ijeoma , Kohl Patricia L.
Published: February 2016

Over the past 10 years, there has been a significant decline in the rate of domestic violence (DV) experienced among caregivers involved with the child protective services (CPS) system. It is unclear whether this shift is related to changes in caregiver characteristics. Furthermore, despite evidence that suggests CPS caseworkers poorly identify DV and fail to link families to DV services, limited research exists on whether the current CPS interventions that are known to improve caseworkers’ DV identification will also improve chances for DV service receipt. The present study uses data from the first and second cohorts of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) to compare differences in demographic characteristics and DV experiences between caregivers in NSCAW I (1999-2000; n = 2,758) and NSCAW II (2008-2009; n = 2,207). We also examine the effects of CPS interventions on NSCAW II caregivers’ receipt of DV services external to the CPS agency (i.e., external DV services). Caregivers with caseworker reports of active DV in NSCAW I and II were similar in their demographic characteristics and external DV service experiences. However, caregivers in NSCAW II generally reported lower rates of victimization for specific types of violence than NSCAW I caregivers. Finally, caregivers with active DV involved with an agency that used DV assessment tools were 7.03 times more likely to receive external DV services than those in agencies without DV tools (95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.33, 21.22]). Whereas caregivers in agencies that sometimes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.16, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.99]) or always (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.98]) had a DV specialist available were less likely to receive external DV services than those in an agency that never/rarely had a DV specialist available. We recommend CPS agencies use specialized assessment tools to identify DV-affected families and link them to services. Additional research is needed to understand what types of services DV specialists offer within CPS agencies and whether these services meet caregivers’ needs.
Effect of inhomogeneous temperature distribution on the impregnation process of the continuous compression molding technology
Authors: Christmann Marcel , Medina Luisa , Mitschang Peter
Published: February 2016

The demand for continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics has steadily increased during the last years due to their specific properties. But considering the applications in large-scale production, the price for the organic sheets is still too high in order to compete with the metal counterparts. A starting point for the reduction of the total costs is the acceleration of the impregnation process by in-plane polymer flow. For this reason, this scientific report provides an insight into the production process using a continuous compression molding machine. In order to analyze the in-plane polymer flow and its driving forces, a method for the evaluation of the pressure distribution is presented in a first step. The examination revealed a significant inhomogeneous pressure distribution for the whole pressing area, which could be affected by different temperature settings. Afterward, the impregnation quality was correlated with the different settings, followed by the illustration of a huge potential for increasing the impregnation speed.
Agave and sisal fibre-reinforced polyfurfuryl alcohol composites
Authors: Motaung Tshwafo E , Linganiso Linda Z , Kumar Rakesh , Anandjiwala Rajesh D
Published: February 2016

Agave Americana (agave) and Agave sisalana (sisal) fibres belong to the same family of natural fibres. Both the fibres were treated with alkali. Interestingly, alkali-treated agave fibres displayed a clean and smooth surface, whereas alkali-treated sisal fibres showed a rough surface due to the rupture of alkali-sensitive bonds. This indicated that the sisal fibres are more susceptible to alkali treatment as compared to agave fibres. The experimental studies of chemical composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were also carried out. Both alkali-treated agave and sisal fibres were used to reinforce polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) matrix. The effect of these fibres on the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of PFA composites was examined. Mechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results indicated the improvement in mechanical and thermal properties of the reinforced PFA.
Effectiveness of Various Methods of Teaching Proper Inhaler Technique
Authors: Axtell Samantha , Haines Seena , Fairclough Jamie
Published: February 2016

Objective:

To compare the effectiveness of 4 different instructional interventions in training proper inhaler technique.

Design:

Randomized, noncrossover trial. Setting: Health fair and indigent clinic.

Participants:

Inhaler-naive adult volunteers who spoke and read English.

Interventions:

Subjects were assigned to complete the following: (1) read a metered dose inhaler (MDI) package insert pamphlet, (2) watch a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) video demonstrating MDI technique, (3) watch a YouTube video demonstrating MDI technique, or (4) receive direct instruction of MDI technique from a pharmacist.

Primary Outcome:

Inhaler use competency (completion of all 7 prespecified critical steps).

Results:

Of the 72 subjects, 21 (29.2%) demonstrated competent inhaler technique. A statistically significant difference between pharmacist direct instruction and the remaining interventions, both combined ( P < .0001) and individually ( P ≤ .03), was evident. No statistically significant difference was detected among the remaining 3 intervention groups. Critical steps most frequently omitted or improperly performed were exhaling before inhalation and holding of breath after inhalation.

Conclusion:

A 2-minute pharmacist counseling session is more effective than other interventions in successfully educating patients on proper inhaler technique. Pharmacists can play a pivotal role in reducing the implications of improper inhaler use.
Nonprofit Brand Heritage
Authors: Curran Ross , Taheri Babak , MacIntosh Robert , O’Gorman Kevin
Published: February 2016

Volunteer organizations operate in a challenging environment and their management practices toward volunteers have become increasingly influenced by the private sector. This case study explores the impact of brand heritage on the experience of volunteering in such managed environments. We use data from the U.K. Scouts to show that brand heritage has a positive bearing on the level of engagement volunteers experience and on their reported attitude to the way(s) in which they are managed within the volunteer organization. We then use these findings to establish the salience of brand heritage to both long established and recently formed organizations, extending current volunteer management theory; consequently, we suggest volunteer managers utilize the power of brand heritage through unlocking its ability to retain engaged and satisfied volunteers.
The need for educating patients with schizophrenia about the adverse effects of medications
Authors: Hashimoto Yasuhiko , Tensho Masami
Published: February 2016

Objective:

Medication non-adherence is observed in many patients with schizophrenia. We investigated the effects of educational intervention on patient awareness of the adverse effects of their medication for patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:

Inpatients with schizophrenia ( N=87) in two Japanese hospitals were allocated to two groups, one that was aware of the adverse effects of medications and one that was unaware, according to their responses to the question ‘In the past month, have you experienced any adverse effects from your medications?’ Then, they were questioned about adverse effects.

Results:

Only 27.6% of patients recognized the adverse effects of their medications. After pharmacists educated them and showed them a list of adverse effects, the prevalence of recognition increased dramatically (≤96.6%). Most patients with schizophrenia clearly did not recognize the adverse effects of their medications. When patients experienced discomfort they tended to stop taking their medications.

Conclusions:

Adverse effects are a common risk factor for discontinuation of medication, so early detection and reporting of such effects may result in them being addressed sooner. Considering the risks of relapse caused by discontinuation of medication, healthcare professionals should actively educate patients with schizophrenia about dysphoria and manage adverse effects.
Morphing aircraft based on smart materials and structures: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Sun Jian , Guan Qinghua , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong
Published: February 2016

A traditional aircraft is optimized for only one or two flight conditions, not for the entire flight envelope. In contrast, the wings of a bird can be reshaped to provide optimal performance at all flight conditions. Any change in an aircraft’s configuration, in particular the wings, affects the aerodynamic performance, and optimal configurations can be obtained for each flight condition. Morphing technologies offer aerodynamic benefits for an aircraft over a wide range of flight conditions. The advantages of a morphing aircraft are based on an assumption that the additional weight of the morphing components is acceptable. Traditional mechanical and hydraulic systems are not considered good choices for morphing aircraft. “Smart” materials and structures have the advantages of high energy density, ease of control, variable stiffness, and the ability to tolerate large amounts of strain. These characteristics offer researchers and designers new possibilities for designing morphing aircraft. In this article, recent developments in the application of smart materials and structures to morphing aircraft are reviewed. Specifically, four categories of applications are discussed: actuators, sensors, controllers, and structures.
Outcomes of Depression in Black Single Mothers
Authors: Atkins Rahshida L.
Published: February 2016

Despite suggestions in the literature that depression has serious consequences, few studies have examined specific health and psychosocial outcomes of depression in Black single mothers. The purpose of this study was to estimate paths in a just-identified theoretical model of outcomes of depression for Black single mothers based on theoretical propositions and empirical findings. The model included the variables, depressive cognitions, depressive symptomatology, perceived social support, and positive health practices. Five direct and two indirect hypothesized relationships were estimated using structural equation modeling. A nonprobability sample of convenience of 159 Black single mothers aged 18 to 45 years was recruited for the study. This study used a cross-sectional correlational design. The participants responded in person or via the U.S. mail to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression scale, the Depressive Cognition Scale, the Personal Resource Questionnaire 85–Part 2, and the Personal Lifestyle Questionnaire. Beta and Gamma path coefficients were statistically significant for four out of five hypothesized direct relationships within the model ( p < .01). The direct path between depressive cognitions and positive health practices was not supported (Gamma = −.11, p > .05). The two indirect paths were weak but statistically significant ( p < .01). Depressive symptoms and perceived social support were outcomes of depressive cognitions. Positive health practices was not a direct outcome of depressive cognitions. Perceived social support and positive health practices were outcomes of depressive symptoms.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: Cohen Joshua , Meunier Rashna , Jamshed Sarah , Karam Adib R. , Yates Jennifer , Wang Xiaofei , LaFemina Jennifer
Published: February 2016

We report the case of 55-year-old female with biopsy-proven clear cell renal cell carcinoma with a suspicious lesion found in the liver who presented for right radical nephrectomy and partial hepatectomy. Histologic evaluation of the hepatic specimen demonstrated metastatic renal cell carcinoma within a hepatic hemangioma. Herein we provide a review of the literature for this uncommon scenario.
Association Between Intimate Partner Violence Against Women and HIV-Risk Behaviors
Authors: Shrestha Roman , Copenhaver Michael M.
Published: February 2016

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant global health issue and has been associated with an increased HIV-related risk and vulnerability to HIV infection. This study examined the potential relationship between IPV and HIV-risk behaviors among women in Nepal. Our findings revealed that IPV against women was associated with the presence of HIV-risk behaviors, such as history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), multiple sex partners, inconsistent condom use, partner with known HIV risks, and inability to negotiate safer sexual practices. This highlights a need to develop effective interventions aimed at eliminating IPV to decrease the disproportionate burden of adverse health outcomes, including STIs/HIV among women.
Evaluation of a rapid hydration protocol: Safety and effectiveness
Authors: Meredith Sean , Hilliard Jane , Vaillancourt Regis
Published: February 2016

Background

The Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) has implemented a rapid hydration protocol that may reduce the time required to achieve urine specific gravity and pH targets prior to chemotherapy.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine if a rapid hydration protocol resulted in a shorter time to chemotherapy administration and during peak staffing levels without increasing adverse effects.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted using data from electronic and paper medical charts, the hematology/oncology whiteboard, and video recordings. Patients who received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cisplatin and ifosfamide during the study period were included in the chart review. A urine specific gravity of ≤1.01, and in most cases a urine pH ≥7 was required to begin chemotherapy. Differences in time parameters between the standard and rapid hydration protocols were measured. Comparable parameters included the time from the start of pre-chemotherapy hydration to meeting urine targets, time from starting hydration to administration of chemotherapy, length of hospital stay and the number of chemotherapy administrations that were initiated prior to the nursing shift change at 19:30 h.

Results

Data were collected from 116 pre-chemotherapy intravenous hydration events administered to 25 different patients. There was a shorter time required to reach urine specific gravity and pH targets with the rapid hydration protocol compared to the standard hydration protocol, which translated into initiating chemotherapy sooner. There was also a shorter overall length of hospital stay and administration of chemotherapy occurred before the nursing shift change more often in the rapid hydration cohort compared to those patients who received the standard hydration protocol. There were no significant differences in adverse effects between the groups.

Conclusion

Patients receiving rapid hydration had a shorter time to chemotherapy administration and had a shorter length of stay in hospital. Rapid hydration resulted in the first dose of chemotherapy being administered earlier when more staff are available, which could reduce errors due to change in hospital personnel. The rapid hydration protocol did not result in an increase in reported adverse effects.
The Impact of rs3762271 and rs930557 Polymorphisms of ASPM and MCPH1 Genes on the Anatomy and Function of the Brain
Authors: Pierzak-Sominka Joanna , Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina , Rudnicki Jacek , Karakiewicz Beata
Published: February 2016

The ASPM and MCPH1 genes are involved in early neurogenesis and are thus potential candidates for affecting the formation of the anatomical and functional characteristics of the brain. However, the results of studies to date have been conflicting, an issue for which the factor of ethnicity may be responsible. We aimed to examine whether the rs3762271 and rs930557 polymorphisms of these two genes can influence brain anatomy and function. We enrolled 97 Caucasian neonates, with males predominating (53.6%). The anatomy of the brain was examined using ultrasound, while Doppler ultrasound was used to establish the blood flow indices in particular brain blood vessels. Genetic analysis was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The CC and AA homozygotes of rs3762271 were more common in males. The CC genotype of rs3762271 was significantly associated with birth weight ( pRE = .03) and body length ( pRE = .02). One mutant allele of rs3762271 was significantly associated with higher values of maximum ( Vmax, p = .04), minimum ( Vmin, p = .04), and average ( Vmean, p = .02) speed in the pericallosal artery in newborns of both genders. Similar relationships were found in females only ( Vmax p = .03, Vmean p = .02). The CC genotype of rs930557 was more frequently observed in male infants, but no impact on any anthropometric indices or anatomical and functional parameters of the brain was established. The ASPM gene may play a role in shaping the functional parameters of the brain in Caucasians.
Collapsed Rhythms
Authors: Paiva Daniel
Published: February 2016

This article discusses the impact of urban change in everyday life rhythms. Recently, urban space has been described and analyzed as polyrhythmic, being a congregation of diverse movements by different agents. While the role of materiality in this dynamic is recognized, the impact of urban change in everyday life rhythms is still underexplored. Seeing urban rhythms as comprised by affective relationships, I analyze how Lisbon’s recent macro-level spatial planning has affected the local everyday life rhythms of elders in Ameixoeira, a peripheral parish of the city. The article presents findings from 20 in-depth narrative interviews with elders who had lived for at least 40 years in the parish, with the purpose of understanding how urban change has affected their daily rhythms, which are stabilized by the resources of urban space. My conclusions identify a set of affective dimensions in which urban change has impacted the daily life rhythms of local elders.
Shape-in(g) Space
Authors: Acarón Thania
Published: February 2016

How does the body shape space, and space shape bodies? This article proposes an interdisciplinary conceptual framework based on characteristics of interpersonal and intrapersonal negotiations of space. I discuss how “personal” spatial boundaries and “levels” of space are constituted, sculpted, impacted, and negotiated across realms of lived experience. Categorizations are proposed according to embodied dimensions of the uses and perceptions of space: body centrality, portability, extensibility, social flexibility, and transversality. Spatial analyses often exclude theories from movement and body-based disciplines; therefore, an embodied approach is brought forth as a way to explore the relationship between spatial relations and different forms of violence. The impact on particular bodies, especially women and people with disabilities, is analyzed in terms of their spatial components, weaving in considerations from the field of movement analysis into social theory.
The impact of human-induced environmental destruction on destination image perception and travel behaviour
Authors: Salvatierra Javier , Walters Gabrielle
Published: February 2016

The study presented in this article provides a valuable insight into the impact of human-induced environmental destruction on the travel market’s image perceptions of a World Heritage-listed tourism icon: the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The study employs a pre-/post-experimental design to explore how tourists are likely to respond to the media hype surrounding the construction of a port terminal, known as the Abbot Point Project, which will inevitably have some perceived environmental consequence for the ecological sustainability of a section of the GBR. We measured the change in respondents’ image perceptions and travel intentions as a result of their exposure to information about the Abbott Point Project and explored how existing knowledge, past experience and demographic background may influence this change. The findings reveal a significant change in tourists’ perceptions concerning Australia’s conservation efforts towards the GBR, and consequently a change is noted in terms of the time frame in which tourists intend to visit the icon. The results of this study provide valuable information for destination managers responsible for marketing the GBR and other destinations subject to human-induced, and often controversial, environmental destruction.
Legacies of craft and the centrality of failure in a mother-operated hackerspace
Authors: Rosner Daniela K , Fox Sarah E
Published: February 2016

Popular portraits of hacking have often relied on histories of hobbyist engineering culture rooted in tales of middle-class, college-educated, and often male technologists. Since 2012, members of a mother-operated hackerspace in the East Bay of San Francisco, California, have countered these narratives, revealing hackerspaces as sites with which to refigure masculine claims to innovation and progress. Drawing on critical craft studies and studies of therapeutic culture, this article examines the workings of Mothership HackerMoms and its series of workshops called Failure Club, a project motivated by a desire to support women’s creative pursuits with the onset of motherhood. By integrating feminist legacies of craftwork with the centrality of failure — exposing personal failures and failures to transform hacker cultures — members not only energize new modes of hacking activity but also hack the very ontology of hacking.
The Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Family Enterprises
Authors: Almodóvar Paloma , Verbeke Alain , Rodríguez-Ruiz Óscar
Published: February 2016

This article assesses the role of human asset quality in the internationalization of small and medium-sized family enterprises. Building on mainstream international business theory, we propose a model with three “states” of human asset quality (low, medium, and high) available to the firm that can be linked to particular levels of export intensity. Importantly, achieving higher export intensity is not always associated with higher human asset quality across the board: There is a key difference between generic (generally available) and specialized (highly firm-specific) human asset quality. We empirically test our model through Tobit panel data analyses with random effects, whereby we study a sample of 610 Spanish firms for the period 2006 to 2010. This research represents the first-ever work conceptualizing and empirically testing a nonlinear, cubic relationship between human asset quality and small and medium-sized family enterprises’ internationalization levels. We find an S-shaped relationship between both general and specialized human assets and the level of export intensity.
Computational fluid dynamics and experimental study of inter-stage seal clearance on submersible well pump
Authors: Gao Xiongfa , Shi Weidong , Zhou Ling , Zhang Desheng , Zhang Qihua
Published: February 2016

In this article, a typical submersible well pump was investigated to study the effects of inter-stage leakage on the inner flow field and external characteristics. The whole flow field of the model pump with different seal clearances was simulated by computational fluid dynamics software. The inter-stage clearance leakage calculated by numerical simulation was compared with the values obtained by the empirical formula. The pressure values were recorded with the arrangement of monitor points in the inter-stage clearance, inlet region, and outlet region, which aimed to study the effects of the change of inter-stage clearance pressure on the pump performance. Meanwhile, a comparative analysis of numerical simulation and performance test of the pump was conducted further. The results showed that the leakage at the small clearance is close to the value calculated using empirical formula. But when the clearance is large, the discrepancy between the simulation result and empirical value inclines. Comparing the numerical results of three kinds of clearance leakage, we found that the clearance leakage could not be ignored in the simulation since it has a large effect on the prediction of pump efficiency and head.