bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal intrachromosomal insertional translocation leads to recurrent 1q21.3q23.3 deletion in two siblings
Authors: Quinonez Shane C. , Hedera Peter , Barr Mason , Ackley Todd , Lam Cindy , Purkayastha Anjali , Glover Thomas W. , Innis Jeffrey W.
Published: August 2012

We identified a novel 6.33 Mb deletion of 1q21.3q23.3 (hg18; chr1: 153035245–159367106) in two siblings presenting with blepharophimosis, ptosis, microbrachycephaly, severe psychomotor, and intellectual disability. Additional common features include small corpus callosum, normal birth length and head circumference, postnatal growth restriction, low anterior hairline, upturned nose, bilateral preauricular pits, widely spaced teeth, gingival hypertrophy, left ventricular dilatation with decreased biventricular systolic function, delayed bone age, 5th finger clinodactyly, short 3rd digit, hyperconvex nails, obstructive and central sleep apnea, and bilateral heel contractures. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) performed in the mother of both children showed an apparently balanced, intrachromosomal insertional translocation of 1q21.3q23.3 to 1q42.12. The sibling recurrence likely arose by a maternal meiotic crossing over on the rearranged chromosome 1 between the deleted region and the insertion. We hypothesize that the decreased cardiac function and contractures may be related to LMNA haploinsufficiency. This case illustrates the importance of FISH when attempting to determine inheritance of a copy‐number variation and emphasize the value of evaluating known haploinsufficiency phenotypes for genes in deleted regions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New proposed clinico‐radiologic and molecular criteria in hypochondroplasia: FGFR 3 gene mutations are not the only cause of hypochondroplasia
Authors: Song Sang‐Heon , Balce Gracia Cielo Estrera , Agashe Mandar Vikas , Lee Hanna , Hong Suk‐Joo , Park Young‐Eun , Kim Sang‐Gyun , Song Hae‐Ryong
Published: August 2012

We applied a comprehensive set of clinical and radiological criteria for the diagnosis of hypochondroplasia (HCH) in 160 patients with short stature 58 of whom were diagnosed to have HCH. Taking into account the genotypic and phenotypic variations in HCH, we conducted a study with these 58 patients and tested them for mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and the short stature homeobox (SHOX) gene. We characterized the phenotypes by clinical and radiologic findings. In the patients with HCH, 19 were included in Group I (FGFR3 mutations—mutations of definite significance), and 39 were in Group II (6 SHOX mutations and 33 negative for disease‐causing FGFR3 mutations). The clinical findings were similar in two groups regardless of the presence or absence of mutations. More than 95% of the patients had mesomelic proportions. In Group I, the radiological findings of mesomelia of upper and lower limbs and, L1/L4 ratio in anterior–posterior and lateral view were more typical than in Group II. This study proposes comprehensive clinico‐radiological criteria for the diagnosis of HCH, which would help in detecting the true incidence of this underdiagnosed condition. The presence of SHOX mutations suggest genotypic–phenotypic overlap between HCH and Leri–Weill dyschondrosteosis, though further investigation is needed to effectively elucidate the importance of these mutations. Also, the 56.9% of HCH patients with negative mutations for FGFR3 suggests that there are other undiscovered gene mutations associated with this phenotypic entity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Life‐history chronicle for a patient with the recently described chromosome 4q21 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: Tsang Erica , Rupps Rosemarie , McGillivray Barbara , Eydoux Patrice , Marra Marco , Arbour Laura , Langlois Sylvie , Friedman Jan M. , Zahir Farah R.
Published: August 2012

[Bonnet et al. (2010); J Med Genet 47: 377–384] recently suggested a 4q21 microdeletion syndrome with several common features, including severe intellectual disability, lack of speech, hypotonia, significant growth restriction, and distinctive facial features. Overlap of the deleted regions of 13 patients, including a patient we previously reported, delineates a critical region, with PRKG2 and RASGEF1B emerging as candidate genes. Here we provide a detailed clinical report and photographic life history of our previously reported patient. Previous case reports of this new syndrome have not described the prognosis or natural history of these patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trisomy 21 mosaicism and maternal age
Authors: Morris Joan K.
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to quantify the maternal age‐specific risk for trisomy 21 mosaicism. Data were obtained on 322 trisomy 21 diagnoses with mosaicism and 27,943 simple trisomy 21 diagnoses recorded in the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register from 1989 to 2009 in England and Wales. Trisomy 21 cases with mosaicism have a mean maternal age of 33.1 years compared to 35.0 years for free trisomy 21 cases. Sixty‐seven percent of trisomy 21 diagnoses with mosaicism are maternal age dependent, with a risk 0.8% that of the corresponding maternal age specific risk for simple trisomy 21. However 33% (0.8 per 100,000 births) are not maternal age dependent, indicating that maternal age is not the only risk factor for mosaicism. Trisomy 21 diagnoses with mosaicism are more likely to be female than free trisomy 21 diagnoses, however there was no association of fetal sex with maternal age which indicates that there is another factor involved in the presence of mosaicism not associated with maternal age, but associated with fetal sex. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and implementation of electronic growth charts for infants with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Rosenbloom S. Trent , Butler Merlin G.
Published: August 2012

Pediatric growth charts are used to monitor children's growth and development, and assist in healthcare delivery and supervision. Researchers have developed syndrome‐specific growth charts for several disorders in which affected children grow differently than unaffected children. Typical standardized growth curves have been recently reported in non‐growth hormone treated infants with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) of both genders from birth to 36 months of age to support monitoring growth and nutritional status during infancy, and to guide growth hormone treatment and follow up. Electronic health record (EHR) systems serving pediatric populations can now incorporate interactive automated growth charts to assist the healthcare providers in clinical settings to monitor growth. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that EHR systems incorporate syndrome‐specific growth charts where feasible. This manuscript describes the experiences at two medical centers at different stages of incorporating electronic growth charts into the medical records on infants with rare disorders, using PWS as an illustration. The absence of readily available and accessible syndrome‐specific standardized growth charts in other disorders causes challenges for EHR personnel and for healthcare providers who care for these children particularly in the growing electronic medical record environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of gold(III) complexes with deprotonated pyridyl carboxamide
Authors: Wang Shuxiang , Shi Yanan , Shao Wenqing , Du Jianlong , Wei Haiying , Zhang Jinchao , Wang Ke , Shen Shigang , Li Shenghui , Li Jitai , Zhao Yangyang
Published: August 2012

Six new gold(III) complexes [Au(bzpam)Cl2] (1, bzpamH = N‐benzyl picolinamide), [Au(hetpam)Cl2] (2, hetpamH = N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) picolinamide), [Au(pypam)Cl]AuCl4 (3, pypamH = N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl) picolinamide), [Au(dmepam)Cl]AuCl4 (4, dmepamH = N‐(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl) picolinamide), [Au(bhetpydam)Cl] (5, bhetpydamH2 = N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) pyridine‐ 2,6‐dicarboxamide) and [Au2(hedam)Cl4] (6, hedamH2 = N,N′‐(hexane‐1,6‐diyl) dipicolinamide) with deprotonated pyridyl carboxamide were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, H1 NMR and C13 NMR techniques. The analytical data showed that deprotonated pyridyl carboxamide coordinated with gold(III) ions through a nitrogen atom. The cytotoxicity against Bel‐7402 and HL‐60 cell lines was tested by MTT (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and SRB (sulforhodamine B) assays. The results indicated that the complexes exerted cytotoxic effects against Bel‐7402 and HL‐60 cell lines, complex 6 had better cytotoxicity than cisplatin, and complex 3 displayed similar cytotoxicity to cisplatin against Bel‐7402 cell line. The results suggested that the characteristics of ligands had an important effect on cytotoxicity of complexes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of aluminum complexes based on amino‐benzotriazole phenoxide ligand: luminescent properties and catalysis for ring‐opening polymerization
Authors: Tai Wan‐Ju , Li Chen‐Yu , Lin Pei‐Hua , Li Jia‐Ying , Chen Ming‐Jen , Ko Bao‐Tsan
Published: August 2012

Aluminum complexes coordinated by a C1DEABTP ligand (C1DEABTP‐H = 2‐(2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl)‐6‐((diethylamino)methyl)‐4‐methylphenol) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The formation of Al complexes is dependent on the stoichiometry of AlMe3 to C1DEABTP ligand ratio. The reaction of C1DEABTP‐H with AlMe3 (1.0 molar equiv.) in hexane produced mono‐adduct aluminum complex [(C1DEABTP)AlMe2] (1), but treatment of C1DEABTP‐H with 2.0 molar equiv. of AlMe3 afforded mixtures of [(C1DEABTP)Al2Me5] (2) and [(C1DEABTP)Al3Me8] (3). The penta‐coordinated bis‐adduct aluminum complex [(C1DEABTP)2AlMe] (4) was synthesized through the reaction of AlMe3 with C1DEABTP‐H (2.0 molar equiv.) in hexane. Tri‐adduct Al complex [(C1DEABTP)3Al] (5) resulted from treatment of AlMe3 with C1DEABTP‐H (3.0 equiv.); the Al center is hexa‐coordinated with three N,O‐bidentate C1DEABTP ligands. X‐ray diffraction of single crystals indicates that the bonding modes of the C1DEABTP ligands in complexes 2–3 are greatly affected when excess AlMe3 is coordinated. The optical properties and catalysis for lactone polymerizations of C1DEABTP coordinated to Al complexes were tested. Tri‐adduct Al complex 5 produced an intense green fluorescence in both solution and the solid state. Complex 4 is an active catalyst for the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) and L‐lactide (L‐LA) in the presence of 9‐anthracenemethanol (9‐AnOH). In ε‐CL polymerization, Al complex 4 catalyzes efficiently in both a 'controlled' and 'immortal' manner, giving polymers with the expected molecular weights and narrow polydispersity indexes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heteroatom‐containing ferrocene derivatives as catalysts for MWCNTs and other shaped carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Oosthuizen Rachel S. , Nyamori Vincent O.
Published: August 2012

The effects of heteroatom‐containing ferrocene catalysts on the materials produced from chemical vapour deposition (CVD) floating catalyst synthesis were investigated. Specifically, the influence of nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐containing ferrocenoyl imidazolide and (N‐phenylcarbamoyl)ferrocene, and sulfur‐ and oxygen‐containing S,S‐bis(ferrocenylmethyl)dithiocarbonate on the structural morphology and distribution of the products as well as properties such as the thermal stability and crystallinity were studied. In addition, the influence of reaction parameters such as catalyst concentration and temperature were also investigated. The nitrogen‐containing catalysts produced N‐doped multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (N‐MWCNTs), whereas the sulfur‐containing catalyst produced primarily nano‐ and microspheres. A concentration of 2.5 wt% ferrocenoyl imidazolide was shown to be optimal for the synthesis of MWCNTs at 850 °C, with very low metal iron residue, highest thermal stability and highest yield (95%). In general, bamboo compartment length for N‐doped MWCNTs increased with temperature. Crystallinity trends were shown to be independent of catalyst and catalyst concentration in all cases and only dependent on temperature. The average diameter for MWCNTs was shown to be dependent on temperature, choice of catalyst and catalyst concentration in all cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PEG‐4000‐promoted palladium‐catalyzed N‐allylation in water: aminonaphthalene as an example
Authors: Shih Chun‐Jen , Shue Yi‐Jen , Yang Shiang‐Yu , Yang Shyh‐Chyun
Published: August 2012

An environmentally friendly, efficient catalytic process using palladium associated with ligands in a PEG4000–water system leading to N‐allylation was described in this study. PEG‐4000 was found to improve the palladium‐catalyzed allylic amination of allylic acetates with aminonaphthalenes and gave overall good to high yields of the corresponding N‐allylic aminonaphthalenes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of nanofiber‐reinforced hydrogel scaffolds for nucleus pulposus regeneration by a combination of electrospinning and spraying technique
Authors: Thorvaldsson Anna , Silva‐Correia Joana , Oliveira Joaquim M. , Reis Rui L. , Gatenholm Paul , Walkenström Pernilla
Published: August 2012

In this work a new method is presented to efficiently produce hydrogel scaffolds reinforced with nanofibers to show enhanced mechanical properties and improved structural integrity. The method is based on a combination of air brush spraying of a hydrogel and electrospinning of nanofibers. With air brush spraying the controllability is enhanced and the potential for scale‐up increased. The developed method was used to successfully reinforce gellan gum hydrogels with electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers. Optical and rheological evaluations were performed and showed that parameters such as the amount of incorporated nanofibers, gellan gum concentration and calcium chloride (crosslinker) concentrations could be used to modulate material properties. Incorporation of a small amount of nanofibers had a reinforcing effect and resulted in a hydrogel with rheological properties similar to the human nucleus pulposus (NP). The method is flexible and carries potential for designing scaffolds for e.g. NP tissue regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Polystyrene‐coated alumina powder via dispersion polymerization for indirect selective laser sintering applications
Authors: Cardon Ludwig , Deckers Jan , Verberckmoes An , Ragaert Kim , Delva Laurens , Shahzad Khuram , Vleugels Jef , Kruth Jean‐Pierre
Published: August 2012

A promising method for the manufacture of complex 3D ceramic parts is selective laser sintering (SLS). SLS of alumina components can be done either directly or indirectly. In this article, the indirect method is used by using polystyrene coated alumina particles. One of the methods to produce these alumina powders is dispersion polymerization. In this research, it is described how the alumina powder has been developed and tested. The powder has been characterized to define its processability within the SLS process. Used techniques include SEM (morphology), STA/TGA (overall mass loss), DSC (glass transition temperature Tg), and laser diffraction (particle size distribution). The investigated SLS process parameters were the preheating temperature, laser power, scan spacing, and scan speed. STA/TGA has proven that polystyrene‐coated alumina powders are suitable for SLS process, while DSC results were judged to be a good source of complementary data on preheating temperature of alumina/polystyrene powders. SLS experiments showed that single layer green parts can be produced. By using the optimized SLS parameters, it was demonstrated that different 3D geometries can be produced with the polystyrene coated alumina powders. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Thermal and mechanical properties of homogeneous ternary nanocomposites of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotube dispersed in thermoplastic polyurethane: Dynamic‐ and thermomechanical analysis
Authors: Saha Suparna , Saha Uttam , Singh Jyoti Prakash , Goswami Thako Hari
Published: August 2012

An interesting correlation between initial loading and nature of wrapping of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (rrP3HT) on multiwalled carbon nanotube and their combined effect on dynamic‐ and thermomechanical properties in ternary system (thermoplastic polyurethane as matrix) is highlighted. Wrapping of rrP3HT on carbon nanotube (CNT) makes the hexyl side chains thermally nonequivalent and composites more stable. Dynamic‐ and thermomechanical analysis ascertained the miscibility (single Tg = −40°C), large mechanical reinforcement, and improved storage modulus of nanocomposites in the presence of CNT compared to its blends. Two breaks at ∼ −100 and ∼ −40°C for TPU‐P3HT composites (PHs) and TPU‐P3HT‐MWCNT composites (PHCs) in the loss modulus vs. temperature plot indicates two different types of transitions in P3HT chains. Dimensional stability by expansion probe technique measures low coefficient of thermal expansion of PHCs compared to its blends. Softening property by penetration probe technique suggests that 2.5 wt % loading of P3HT exhibits lowest degree of penetration compared to other nanocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Improving lactic acid melt polycondensation: The role of co‐catalyst
Authors: Marques Dina S. , Gil Maria H. , Baptista Cristina M. S. G.
Published: August 2012

A study on lactic acid polycondensation under melt conditions was carried out and a preliminary assessment revealed tin powder as a very good catalyst for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) synthesis by melt polycondensation while confirming previous information on SnCl2 good performance. However, these catalysts also promoted side reactions leading to racemization and yellowing of the final polymer. The use of p‐toluenesulphonic acid (p‐TSA) or triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as co‐catalysts proved to be very effective hindering colour formation and allowing synthesizing PLA samples with enhanced properties. The addition of these compounds to neat tin powder increased the PLA optical purity, whereas their addition to SnCl2 speeded up the polymerization. A significant increase in molecular weight, from 32,500 to 52,000 g mol−1, was recorded, with the new catalytic system SnCl2/PPh3 showing catalytic activity comparable with the one reported in the literature for SnCl2/p‐TSA. Several characterization techniques were used for assessing polymer samples: the molecular weights were determined by SEC, thermal behavior measured by DSC, and racemization extent calculated from specific rotation measurements. UV/vis spectroscopy was confirmed as a powerful technique for evaluating yellowing of final polymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Study of the synthesis and bonding properties of reactive hot‐melt polyurethane adhesive
Authors: Tang Qiheng , He Jiyu , Yang Rongjie , Ai Qingsong
Published: August 2012

Reactive hot‐melt polyurethane adhesive (RHMPA) is moisture‐curing polyurethane (PU) adhesive whose main component is an isocyanate‐terminated PU prepolymer that can be cured after application by reaction with ambient moisture. Two series of RHMP‐containing poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) of different molecular weights and different degrees of polymerization of the hard segment have been successfully synthesized using a two‐step bulk polymerization with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, PTMG, and 1,4‐butanediol (1,4‐BDO). The structure and basic properties of the RHMPA film have also been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, atomic force microscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), shore hardness (A/D), and tensile tests. The results show that the initial decomposition temperature is more than 250°C, and the tensile strength of the RHMPA film was greater than 15 MPa. The adhesive performance of the RHMPA with different hard‐segment content was studied through studies of the single lap‐shear strength and tensile strength of butt joints. The results show a general trend of the bonding strength increases with the hard‐segment content at 25°C. The adhesive performance of RHMPA in different environments was also investigated. It was found that the RHMPA exhibited excellent bonding strength to thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) when placed in the fridge at −20°C, hot water at 80°C, 1 M HCl solution (acid) at 25°C, and 1 M NaOH solution (alkaline) at 25°C for 10 h. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of cross‐linker on morphology, catalytic activity, and recyclability of immobilized palladium chloride
Authors: Jia Yong‐Guang , Jiang Jian , Liu Ling‐Yan , Chang Wei‐Xing , Li Jing
Published: August 2012

Two kinds of immobilized palladium (Pd) catalysts were prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of pyridine‐containing monomer followed by immobilizing palladium chloride (PdCl2) on block copolymers. Namely, one of them includes the cross‐linking structure of maleic anhydride with 1,6‐diaminohexane (cross‐linker), polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐(4‐vinylbenzyloxy)butylpicolinate‐alt‐maleic anhydride)‐Pd (PS‐b‐P(VBP‐alt‐MAn)‐Pd), and the other is its non‐cross‐linking counterpart, polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐(4‐vinylbenzyloxy) butylpicolinate)‐Pd (PS‐b‐PVBP‐Pd). From transmission electron microscopy images, it could be observed that they both assembled into micelles in the selective solvents. The Pd of PS‐b‐P(VBP‐alt‐MAn)‐Pd located in the core of micelles, whereas the Pd of PS‐b‐PVBP‐Pd was on the shell of the micelles. The PS‐b‐P(VBP‐alt‐MAn)‐Pd can be continuously used for five times without any appreciable loss of activity in the aqueous Suzuki‐coupling reaction. However, the catalytic activities of the PS‐b‐PVBP‐Pd decreased sharply with the increase in the recycle times. Thus, this promising cross‐linking strategy not only greatly restrained the loss of Pd in the catalytic cycles, but also effectively maintained the immobilized Pd catalyst's high activity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Where you publish matters most: A multilevel analysis of factors affecting citations of internet studies
Authors: Peng Tai‐Quan , Zhu Jonathan J.H.
Published: August 2012

This study explores the factors influencing citations to Internet studies by assessing the relative explanatory power of three perspectives: normative theory, the social constructivist approach, and a natural growth mechanism. Using data on 7,700+ articles of Internet studies published in 100+ Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)‐listed journals in 2000–2009, the study adopted a multilevel model to disentangle the impact between article‐ and journal‐level factors on citations. This research strategy resulted in a number of both expected and surprising findings. The primary determinants for citations are found to be journal‐level factors, accounting for 14% of the variances in citations of Internet studies. The impact of some, if not all, article‐level factors on citations are moderated by journal‐level factors. Internet studies, like studies in other areas (e.g., management, demography, and ecology), are cited more for rhetorical purposes, as suggested by the social constructivist approach, rather than as a form of reward, as argued by normative theory. The impact of time on citations varies across journals, which creates a growing “citation gap” for Internet studies published in journals with different characteristics.
Social tagging is no substitute for controlled indexing: A comparison of Medical Subject Headings and CiteULike tags assigned to 231,388 papers
Authors: Lee Danielle H. , Schleyer Titus
Published: August 2012

Social tagging and controlled indexing both facilitate access to information resources. Given the increasing popularity of social tagging and the limitations of controlled indexing (primarily cost and scalability), it is reasonable to investigate to what degree social tagging could substitute for controlled indexing. In this study, we compared CiteULike tags to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms for 231,388 citations indexed in MEDLINE. In addition to descriptive analyses of the data sets, we present a paper‐by‐paper analysis of tags and MeSH terms: the number of common annotations, Jaccard similarity, and coverage ratio. In the analysis, we apply three increasingly progressive levels of text processing, ranging from normalization to stemming, to reduce the impact of lexical differences. Annotations of our corpus consisted of over 76,968 distinct tags and 21,129 distinct MeSH terms. The top 20 tags/MeSH terms showed little direct overlap. On a paper‐by‐paper basis, the number of common annotations ranged from 0.29 to 0.5 and the Jaccard similarity from 2.12% to 3.3% using increased levels of text processing. At most, 77,834 citations (33.6%) shared at least one annotation. Our results show that CiteULike tags and MeSH terms are quite distinct lexically, reflecting different viewpoints/processes between social tagging and controlled indexing.
Information behavior in stages of exercise behavior change
Authors: Hirvonen Noora , Huotari Maija‐Leena , Niemelä Raimo , Korpelainen Raija
Published: August 2012

This study augments the transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior change with the concepts of information behavior and employs this framework to understand young men's needs for and practices of obtaining and avoiding information on physical activity and exercise in relation to their readiness to change exercise behavior. The results, based on statistical analyses of a population‐based survey (N = 616) conducted in Finland, indicate that health information behavior is influenced by an individual′s stage of change in the context of physical activity and exercise. In pre‐action stages (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation) where individuals do not exercise regularly and are uninformed or lack motivation, commitment, or skills to change behaviors, information is most often encountered through the passive practice of nondirected monitoring. In the action stage, where individuals have recently changed their exercise behaviors, information is obtained most frequently by active seeking. In the maintenance stage, where individuals maintain earlier adopted behaviors, information is habitually obtained through active scanning. These results support the TTM in its postulation that individuals may benefit from stage‐tailored health‐communication strategies. The limitations of this study include self‐reported behaviors, cross‐sectional study design, and a possibly biased sample. Further research is needed to explore the role of information behavior in the process of behavior change in greater detail.
Deriving query intents from web search engine queries
Authors: Lewandowski Dirk , Drechsler Jessica , von Mach Sonja
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this article is to test the reliability of query intents derived from queries, either by the user who entered the query or by another juror. We report the findings of three studies. First, we conducted a large‐scale classification study (~50,000 queries) using a crowdsourcing approach. Next, we used clickthrough data from a search engine log and validated the judgments given by the jurors from the crowdsourcing study. Finally, we conducted an online survey on a commercial search engine's portal. Because we used the same queries for all three studies, we also were able to compare the results and the effectiveness of the different approaches. We found that neither the crowdsourcing approach, using jurors who classified queries originating from other users, nor the questionnaire approach, using searchers who were asked about their own query that they just entered into a Web search engine, led to satisfying results. This leads us to conclude that there was little understanding of the classification tasks, even though both groups of jurors were given detailed instructions. Although we used manual classification, our research also has important implications for automatic classification. We must question the success of approaches using automatic classification and comparing its performance to a baseline from human jurors.
An eye‐tracking approach to the analysis of relevance judgments on the Web: The case of Google search engine
Authors: Balatsoukas Panos , Ruthven Ian
Published: August 2012

Eye movement data can provide an in‐depth view of human reasoning and the decision‐making process, and modern information retrieval (IR) research can benefit from the analysis of this type of data. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between relevance criteria use and visual behavior in the context of predictive relevance judgments. To address this objective, a multimethod research design was employed that involved observation of participants’ eye movements, talk‐aloud protocols, and postsearch interviews. Specifically, the results reported in this article came from the analysis of 281 predictive relevance judgments made by 24 participants using the Google search engine. We present a novel stepwise methodological framework for the analysis of relevance judgments and eye movements on the Web and show new patterns of relevance criteria use during predictive relevance judgment. For example, the findings showed an effect of ranking order and surrogate components (Title, Summary, and URL) on the use of relevance criteria. Also, differences were observed in the cognitive effort spent between very relevant and not relevant judgments. We conclude with the implications of this study for IR research.
The role of online videos in research communication: A content analysis of YouTube videos cited in academic publications
Authors: Kousha Kayvan , Thelwall Mike , Abdoli Mahshid
Published: August 2012

Although there is some evidence that online videos are increasingly used by academics for informal scholarly communication and teaching, the extent to which they are used in published academic research is unknown. This article explores the extent to which YouTube videos are cited in academic publications and whether there are significant broad disciplinary differences in this practice. To investigate, we extracted the URL citations to YouTube videos from academic publications indexed by Scopus. A total of 1,808 Scopus publications cited at least one YouTube video, and there was a steady upward growth in citing online videos within scholarly publications from 2006 to 2011, with YouTube citations being most common within arts and humanities (0.3%) and the social sciences (0.2%). A content analysis of 551 YouTube videos cited by research articles indicated that in science (78%) and in medicine and health sciences (77%), over three fourths of the cited videos had either direct scientific (e.g., laboratory experiments) or scientific‐related contents (e.g., academic lectures or education) whereas in the arts and humanities, about 80% of the YouTube videos had art, culture, or history themes, and in the social sciences, about 63% of the videos were related to news, politics, advertisements, and documentaries. This shows both the disciplinary differences and the wide variety of innovative research communication uses found for videos within the different subject areas.
Robust Saturated PI Joint Velocity Control for Robot Manipulators
Authors: Moreno–Valenzuela J. , Santibáñez V.
Published: August 2012

It is well known that many industrial manipulators use an embedded linear proportional‐integral (PI) joint velocity controller to guarantee motion control through proper velocity commands. However, although this control scheme has been very successful in practice, not much attention has been paid to designing new PI velocity control structures. The problem of analyzing a saturated PI velocity joint velocity controller is addressed in this paper. By using the theory of singularly perturbed systems, the closed‐loop system is studied. The robot dynamics assumed in this paper take into account bounded time–varying disturbances which may include the friction at the joints. An experimental study in a planar two degrees‐of‐freedom direct‐drive robot is also presented, confirming the advantage of the new saturated PI joint velocity controller.
Chitosan‐heparin polyelectrolyte multilayers on cortical bone: Periosteum‐mimetic, cytophilic, antibacterial coatings
Authors: Almodóvar Jorge , Mower Justin , Banerjee Apurba , Sarkar Ajoy K. , Ehrhart Nicole P. , Kipper Matt J.
Published: August 2012

Cortical bone allografts suffer from high rates of failure due to poor integration with host tissue, leading to non‐union, fracture, and infection following secondary procedures. Here, we report a method for modifying the surfaces of cortical bone with coatings that have biological functions that may help overcome these challenges. These chitosan‐heparin coatings promote mesenchymal stem cell attachment and have significant antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli. Furthermore, their chemistry is similar to coatings we have reported on previously, which effectively stabilize and deliver heparin‐binding growth factors. These coatings have potential as synthetic periosteum for improving bone allograft outcomes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 609–618. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Encapsulated fusion protein confers “sense and respond” activity to chitosan–alginate capsules to manipulate bacterial quorum sensing
Authors: Gupta Apoorv , Terrell Jessica L. , Fernandes Rohan , Dowling Matthew B. , Payne Gregory F. , Raghavan Srinivasa R. , Bentley William E.
Published: August 2012

We demonstrate that “nanofactory”‐loaded biopolymer capsules placed in the midst of a bacterial population can direct bacterial communication. Quorum sensing (QS) is a process by which bacteria communicate through small‐molecules, such as autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2), leading to collective behaviors such as virulence and biofilm formation. In our approach, a “nanofactory” construct is created, which comprises an antibody complexed with a fusion protein that produces AI‐2. These nanofactories are entrapped within capsules formed by electrostatic complexation of cationic (chitosan) and anionic (sodium alginate) biopolymers. The chitosan capsule shell is crosslinked by tripolyphosphate (TPP) to confer structural integrity. The capsule shell is impermeable to the encapsulated nanofactories, but freely permeable to small molecules. In turn, the capsules are able to take in substrates from the external medium via diffusion, and convert these via the nanofactories into AI‐2, which then diffuses out. The exported AI‐2 is shown to stimulate QS responses in vicinal Escherichia coli. Directing bacterial population behavior has potential applications in next‐generation antimicrobial therapy and pathogen detection. We also envision such capsules to be akin to artificial “cells” that can participate in native biological signaling and communicate in real‐time with the human microbiome. Through such interaction capabilities, these “cells” may sense the health of the microbiome, and direct its function in a desired, host‐friendly manner. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 552–562. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective high throughput protein quantification based on UV absorption spectra
Authors: Hansen Sigrid K. , Jamali Babak , Hubbuch Jürgen
Published: August 2012

The application of high throughput experimentation (HTE) in protein purification process development has created an analytical bottleneck. Recently, a new label‐free and non‐invasive methodology for analyzing multicomponent protein mixtures by means of spectral measurements was presented. Analytics based on the methodology was shown to increase analytical throughput for selective protein quantification significantly, however this was only demonstrated for one particular protein combination. In this work, the possibilities and limitations of the analytical method are investigated further. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on a broad range of absorption spectra to investigate their common characteristics and differences. The PCA was used both for cluster analysis and to define a measure for spectral similarity. For binary protein combinations, the calibration precision was shown to decrease exponentially with the defined spectral similarity factor. Knowledge of this correlation can be used to determine a priori whether a calibration will be successful or not. Calibration robustness was investigated by applying the analytics to liquid chromatography performed in HTE mode. Further it was shown, that a spectral difference of 0.6% was sufficient to sucessfully preform a spectral based calibration of two IgG1 monoclonals. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 448–460. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secondary Metabolites of Plants from the Genus Cipadessa: Chemistry and Biological Activity
Authors: Bandi Anil Kumar Reddy , Lee Dong‐Ung
Published: August 2012

The plants of genus Cipadessa, which are distributed across India and southwest of China, have been used as natural insecticides, as well as folk medicines for the treatment of a range of maladies such as diabetes, dysentery, malaria, piles, snake poison, rheumatism, etc. This article reviews the chemical constituents that have been isolated from Cipadessa species to date, including their biological activities. The compounds listed are tetranortriterpenoids (limonoids), diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, and some others.
Leishmanicidal and Anticandidal Activity of Constituents of Indian Edible Mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus
Authors: Lai Tapan K. , Biswas Gunjan , Chatterjee Soumya , Dutta Aritri , Pal Chiranjib , Banerji Julie , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Reibenspies Joseph H. , Acharya Krishnendu
Published: August 2012

Two new lanostane‐type triterpenes, 1 and 2, were isolated from Astraeus hygrometricus. The structures were established by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, MS, and X‐ray crystallographic experiments. The triterpenes exhibited excellent in vitro toxicities against Candida albicans, comparable to standard antifungal antibiotics. The triterpene 2 significantly inhibited the growth of Leishmania donovani promastigotes in vitro. The triterpene skeleton may be considered a template structure in search for new compounds with anticandidal and leishmanicidal activity.
Biotransformation of (−)‐(R)‐α‐Phellandrene: Antimicrobial Activity of Its Major Metabolite
Authors: İşcan Gökalp , Kırımer Neşe , Demirci Fatih , Demirci Betül , Noma Yoshiaki , Başer K. Hüsnü Can
Published: August 2012

Terpene derivatives converted by microbial biotransformation constitute an important resource for natural pharmaceutical, fragrance, and aroma substances. In the present study, the monoterpene α‐phellandrene was biotransformed by 16 different strains of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts). The transformation metabolites were initially screened by TLC and GC/MS, and then further characterized by NMR spectroscopic techniques. Among the six metabolites characterized, 6‐hydroxypiperitone, α‐phellandrene epoxide, cis‐p‐menth‐2‐en‐1‐ol, and carvotanacetone, which originated from (−)‐(R)‐α‐phellandrene, are reported for the first time in this study. Additionally, the substrate and the metabolite 5‐p‐menthene‐1,2‐diol were subjected to in vitro antibacterial and anticandidal tests. The metabolite showed moderate‐to‐good inhibitory activities (MICs=0.125 to >4 mg/ml) against various bacteria and especially against Candida species in comparison with its substrate (−)‐(R)‐α‐phellandrene and standard antimicrobial agents.
Chemical Constituents of Plant from the Genus Craniotome
Authors: Joshi Rajesh K.
Published: August 2012

Craniotome furcata (Link) O. Kuntze (Lamiaceae) has been reported worldwide as the only species of the genus Craniotome. Traditionally, this plant is used in the treatment of wounds. Craniosides A and B, buddlejasaponins I, and essential oils have been isolated from the genus Craniotome.
New Antiplasmodial Bromotyrosine Derivatives from Suberea ianthelliformisLendenfeld, 1888
Authors: Mani Luke , Jullian Valerie , Mourkazel Beatrice , Valentin Alexis , Dubois Joëlle , Cresteil Thierry , Folcher Eric , Hooper John N. A. , Erpenbeck Dirk , Aalbersberg William , Debitus Cécile
Published: August 2012

Four samples of Suberea ianthelliformis were investigated and furnished five new and 13 known brominated tyrosine‐derived compounds. Two of the new compounds were identified as araplysillin N20‐formamide and its N‐oxide derivative. Three other new compounds, araplysillins IV, V, and VI, were isolated and identified as analogs of araplysillin II. Most of these compounds exhibit moderate inhibitory activities against chloroquine‐resistant and ‐sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum, and were investigated for their PFTase inhibitory properties. The chemical content of the investigated sponges is correlated with their molecular phylogeny.
Antioxidation and DNA‐Binding Properties of Binuclear Lanthanide(III) Complexes with a Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐7‐carboxaldehyde and Benzoylhydrazine
Authors: Liu Yongchun , Zhang Kejun , Wu Yun , Zhao Junying , Liu Jianning
Published: August 2012

8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐7‐carboxaldehyde (8‐HQ‐7‐CA), Schiff‐base ligand 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐7‐carboxaldehyde benzoylhydrazone, and binuclear complexes [LnL(NO3)(H2O)2]2 were prepared from the ligand and equivalent molar amounts of Ln(NO3)⋅6 H2O (Ln=La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Yb3+, resp.). Ligand acts as dibasic tetradentates, binding to LnIII through the phenolate O‐atom, N‐atom of quinolinato unit, and CN and OCN groups of the benzoylhydrazine side chain. Dimerization of this monomeric unit occurs through the phenolate O‐atoms leading to a central four‐membered (LnO)2 ring. Ligand and all of the LnIII complexes can strongly bind to CT‐DNA through intercalation with the binding constants at 105–106 M−1. Moreover, ligand and all of the LnIII complexes have strong abilities of scavenging effects for hydroxyl (HO.) radicals. Both the antioxidation and DNA‐binding properties of LnIII complexes are much better than that of ligand.
Bare‐metal stent versus drug‐eluting stent in large coronary arteries
Authors: Geng Deng‐Feng , Meng Zhe , Yan Hai‐Yan , Nie Ru‐Qiong , Deng Jing , Wang Jing‐Feng
Published: August 2012

Background

Uncertainties exist with regard to the efficacy of drug‐eluting stent (DES) versus bare‐metal stent (BMS) in large coronary arteries.

Objective and Methods

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of BMS versus DES in terms of clinical events in large coronary vessels (≥3.0 mm) by performing a meta‐analysis of all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Results

Six RCTs with 4,399 patients were included in this study. Overall, there were no significant between‐group differences in the risks of the composite of cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (cardiac death/MI), cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis, however, DES was associated with significant reduction in the risk of target vessel revascularization (TVR) compared with BMS [0.48 (0.33, 0.70)] with consistent benefits among patients with reference vessel diameter ≥ 3.5 mm, reference vessel diameter ≥ 4.0 mm, stent length ≤ 15 mm, first‐generation DES or second‐generation DES. In patients with ≥ 3‐year follow‐up, there were no significant between‐group differences in the risk of cardiac death/MI, TVR, cardiac death, myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis suggests that DES is superior to BMS in terms of adverse cardiac events in large coronary arteries at the mid‐term follow‐up. The long‐term efficacy of newer‐generation DES versus BMS in larger coronary arteries is still worth further evaluation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reductions in cod and acute toxicity of wastewater generated from refined cotton production using activated carbon fibre (ACF)
Authors: Zhao Xu , Zhao Quanlin , Meng Qingqiang , Xia Wei , Ye Zhengfang
Published: August 2012

Activated carbon fibre is investigated for adsorption of organic pollutants from wastewater generated from refined cotton production. UV–Vis spectroscopy and FTIR are used to evaluate the chemical changes. Results indicate that the main organic components of refined cotton production wastewater are guaiacyl (G‐) and hydroxyphenyl (H‐) lignin. It is found that 85% of COD can be removed at 40°C with ACF dosage of 90 g L−1. The adsorption process is described by the Redlich–Peterson isotherm model. The kinetic data follows a pseudo‐second‐order equation. Over 99% of acute toxicity for Refined Cotton Production (RCP) wastewater has been reduced after adsorption using ACF. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
An analysis of user behavior in a private BitTorrent community
Authors: Cai Qing‐Chao , Lo Kowk‐Tung
Published: August 2012

This paper aims to develop an understanding on how users of private BitTorrent communities participate in downloading and uploading by using the download records of CHDBits, one of the largest private BitTorrent communities in China. First, we investigate the arrivals of CHDBits users, which correspond to the initiations of new download tasks. The investigation demonstrates that user arrival rate varies with time in a day, and this variation dovetails well into users’ daily schedule. Moreover, we observe that it is with more than half possibility that the two consecutive arrivals of a CHDBits user take place in the same day, and that an individual user issues new download tasks with a probability of 0.23, on which we base to estimate that all CHDBits users are expected to launch at least one new download task in 42 days. Second, we present an analysis on the post‐download behavior of users. We observe that the average per task seeding time of 99% of users is no less than 8 h, showing CHDBits users’ great willingness to contribute. We also find that almost all the seeding processes have been interrupted and resumed multiple times. Finally, we study the bandwidth distribution of users and evaluate users’ bandwidth utilization in the downloading process. Our study shows that the bandwidths of most CHDBits users are uniformly distributed in the range from 256 kB/s to 16 MB/s, and users with a higher bandwidth tend to experience a lower bandwidth utilization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive radio CDMA networking with spectrum sensing
Authors: Roy Sanjay Dhar , Kundu Sumit , Ferrari Gianluigi , Raheli Riccardo
Published: August 2012

In this paper, the performance of cognitive radio (CR) code division multiple access (CDMA) systems is analyzed. More precisely, CR users belong to a cognitive radio network (CRN), which coexists with a primary radio network (PRN). Both CRN and PRN are CDMA‐based, with colocated base stations. Soft hand off and power control are considered in both the CRN and the PRN. Upon the development of an accurate simulator for a representative three‐cell cellular scenario, we evaluate the performance of the proposed CR system in terms of outage probability, blocking probability and average data rate of secondary users. Three different spectrum sensing techniques are. Two new schemes, based on interference limit, are proposed and compared with an existing adaptive spectrum sensing scheme. Spectrum activity measurements and spectrum sharing decisions have been considered for evaluating the performance of the three schemes. The paper proposes a new CR‐CDMA networking model and a simulation testbed for evaluating performances of secondary users and primary users in terms of outage, blocking, BER and average data rate in the presence of soft hand‐off and power control. For comparison purposes, the analysis in the absence of spectrum sensing is also investigated.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.