bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced phase extraction in optical coherence elastography using discrete cosine transform for localized tissue characterization
Authors: Satpathy Sweta , Poddar Raju
Published: February 2025

We develop a novel enhanced laser-based elastography technique that utilizes an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system. This enhancement combines the capabilities of OCT with an advanced phase extraction technique, aiming to increase the precision of biomechanical measurements in soft tissues. Our approach utilizes the discrete cosine transform (DCT) for phase extraction, overcoming the limitations of vector-based methods in handling complex geometries and large displacements. Unlike fast Fourier transform-based unwrapping, DCT ensures thar the result is artifact-free. This advancement refines spatial detail in optical coherence elastography (OCE), enabling accurate mapping of tissue elasticity and structural variations. By eliminating windowing constraints, our method offers a faster, more robust solution for biomechanical diagnostics. In this study, we introduce a micro-elastography system that utilizes a 4 ohm speaker as a mechanical excitation source to apply controlled, quasi-static compressions. This system, combined with a high-speed, 100 kHz swept-source OCT laser, enables rapid data acquisition and straightforward phase-to-strain conversion. Our findings demonstrate the system’s capability of providing accurate strain mapping across a range of samples, delivering reliable elastic information despite the challenges posed by non-linear and non-uniform tissue boundaries. This study showcases the potential of DCT-based OCE to enhance clinical diagnostics and improve the characterization of diseased and tumor boundaries in soft tissues.
Finite element analysis of the impact of graphene filler dispersion on local hotspots in HMX-Based PBX explosives
Authors: Yang Xuanyi , Huang Xin , Zhang Chaoyang , Wang Yanqing , Ni Yuxiang
Published: February 2025

The incorporation of graphene fillers into polymer matrices has been recognized for its potential to enhance thermal conductivity, which is particularly beneficial for applications in thermal management. The uniformity of graphene dispersion is pivotal to achieving optimal thermal conductivity, thereby directly influencing the effectiveness of thermal management, including the mitigation of local hot-spot temperatures. This research employs a quantitative approach to assess the distribution of graphene fillers within a PBX (plastic-bonded explosive) matrix, focusing specifically on the thermal management of hot spots. Through finite element method (FEM) simulations, we have explored the impact of graphene filler orientation, proximity to the central heat source, and spatial clustering on heat transfer. Our findings indicate that the strategic distribution of graphene fillers can create efficient thermal conduction channels, which significantly reduce the temperatures at local hot spots. In a model containing 0.336% graphene by volume, the central hotspot temperature was reduced by approximately 60K compared to a pure PBX material, under a heat flux of 600W/m2. This study offers valuable insights into the optimization of the spatial arrangement of low-concentration graphene fillers, aiming to improve the thermal management capabilities of HMX-based PBX explosives.
Relativistic Non-Fermi Liquid Fixed Point in 2+1 Dimensional Birefringent Dirac Fermions Interacting with Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Sun Wan-Zi , Liu Kai , Liu Wu-Ming , Li Cheng-Xi
Published: February 2025

The system consisting of 2+1 dimensional quasirelativistic birefringent Dirac fermions with Coulomb interactions and retarded current-current interactions is described by a quantum field theory similar to reduced quantum electrodynamics. We used the perturbative renormalization group method to study the low-energy behavior of the system and found that it flows to a fixed point of the non-Fermi liquid composed of relativistic pseudospin-1/2 Dirac fermions in the deep infrared limit. At the fixed point, the fermion Green function exhibits a finite anomalous dimension, and the residue of the quasiparticle pole vanishes in a power-law fashion. Our research provides new theoretical perspectives for understanding the origin of spin-1/2 fermions in the Standard Model.
Deep-UV-photo-excited synaptic Ga2O3 nano-device with low-energy consumption for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Yang Liubin , Gu Xiushuo , Zhou Min , Zhang Jianya , Huang Yonglin , Zhao Yukun
Published: February 2025

Synaptic nano-devices have powerful capabilities in logic, memory and learning, making them essential components for constructing brain-like neuromorphic computing systems. Here, we have successfully developed and demonstrated a synaptic nano-device based on Ga2O3 nanowires with low energy consumption. Under 255 nm light stimulation, the biomimetic synaptic nano-device can stimulate various functionalities of biological synapses, including pulse facilitation, peak time-dependent plasticity and memory learning ability. It is found that the artificial synaptic device based on Ga2O3 nanowires can achieve an excellent "learning−forgetting−relearning" functionality. The transition from short-term memory to long-term memory and retention of the memory level after the stepwise learning can attribute to the great relearning functionality of Ga2O3 nanowires. Furthermore, the energy consumption of the synaptic nano-device can be lower than 2.39 × 10‒11 J for a synaptic event. Moreover, our device demonstrates exceptional stability in long-term stimulation and storage. In the application of neural morphological computation, the accuracy of digit recognition exceeds 90% after 12 training sessions, indicating the strong learning capability of the cognitive system composed of this synaptic nano-device. Therefore, our work paves an effective way for advancing hardware-based neural morphological computation and artificial intelligence systems requiring low power consumption.
Nanowatt-level optoelectronic GaN-based heterostructure artificial synaptic device for associative learning and neuromorphic computing
Authors: Zhan Teng , Sun Jianwen , Lin Jin , Zhang Banghong , Liao Guanwan , Liu Zewen , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Yi Xiaoyan
Published: February 2025

In recent years, research focusing on synaptic device based on phototransistors has provided a new method for associative learning and neuromorphic computing. A TiO2/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure-based synaptic phototransistor is fabricated and measured, integrating a TiO2 nanolayer gate and a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel to mimic the synaptic weight and the synaptic cleft, respectively. The maximum drain to source current is 10 nA, while the device is driven at a reverse bias not exceeding −2.5 V. A excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) of 200 nA can be triggered by a 365 nm UVA light spike with the duration of 1 s at light intensity of 1.35 μW∙cm−2. Multiple synaptic neuromorphic functions, including EPSC, short-term/long-term plasticity (STP/LTP) and paried-pulse facilitation (PPF), are effectively mimicked by our GaN-based heterostructure synaptic device. In the typical Pavlov’s dog experiment, we demonstrate that the device can achieve "retraining" process to extend memory time through enhancing the intensity of synaptic weight, which is similar to the working mechanism of human brain.
Reconfigurable organic ambipolar optoelectronic synaptic transistor for information security access
Authors: Ma Xinqi , Zhang Wenbin , Zheng Qi , Niu Wenbiao , Zhao Zherui , Zhou Kui , Zhang Meng , Xue Shuangmei , Guo Liangchao , Yan Yan , Ding Guanglong , Han Suting , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Zhou Ye
Published: February 2025

In this data explosion era, ensuring the secure storage, access, and transmission of information is imperative, encompassing all aspects ranging from safeguarding personal devices to formulating national information security strategies. Leveraging the potential offered by dual-type carriers for transportation and employing optical modulation techniques to develop high reconfigurable ambipolar optoelectronic transistors enables effective implementation of information destruction after reading, thereby guaranteeing data security. In this study, a reconfigurable ambipolar optoelectronic synaptic transistor based on poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly [[N,N-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-napthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)] (N2200) blend film was fabricated through solution-processed method. The resulting transistor exhibited a relatively large ON/OFF ratio of 103 in both n- and p-type regions, and tunable photoconductivity after light illumination, particularly with green light. The photo-generated carriers could be effectively trapped under the gate bias, indicating its potential application in mimicking synaptic behaviors. Furthermore, the synaptic plasticity, including volatile/non−volatile and excitatory/inhibitory characteristics, could be finely modulated by electrical and optical stimuli. These optoelectronic reconfigurable properties enable the realization of information light assisted burn after reading. This study not only offers valuable insights for the advancement of high-performance ambipolar organic optoelectronic synaptic transistors but also presents innovative ideas for the future information security access systems.
Train delay prediction in Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High-speed Railway with improved CNN-LSTM Model
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Wang Yuqing , Song Ziyi , Shang Hengchen , Zhai Tianyu
Published: February 2025

To address the issue of enhancing the accuracy of delay predictions for high-speed trains, a novel model based on CNN and LSTM architectures has been proposed. This model incorporates the KAN model to supplant the traditional fully connected layer, thereby augmenting the model’s predictive accuracy. The proposed architecture comprises three primary layers: the CNN layer, which is tasked with processing spatial features; the LSTM layer, which serves as the core of the model and is dedicated to the analysis of time series data; and the KAN layer, which replaces the fully connected layer to generate the output results. Additionally, an integrated feature selection algorithm has been developed to identify relevant features, with the selected feature variables subsequently input into the CNN-LSTM-KAN model. Experiments conducted on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong (GSH) high-speed Railway dataset from early 2020 demonstrate that our CNN-LSTM-KAN model surpasses the performance of XGBoost, SVR, BiLSTM, and CNN-LSTM models, as indicated by the metrics of MAE, RMSE, and R-squared. The model’s prediction accuracy within a three-minute error margin reached as high as 96.11%, which is an improvement of 5.8% compared to the highest accuracy without the KAN layer.
An active distribution grid dynamic partitioning method based on an improved binary PSO algorithm
Authors: Zhang Luyao , Zhang Maosong , Wu Di , Yang Jie , Zhao Hongsheng , Zhang Chunyu
Published: February 2025

With a large amount of renewable energy access, the operation and management of distribution networks face new challenges. In order to improve the operation efficiency and stability of distribution networks, this paper proposes an active distribution network dynamic partitioning method based on the improved binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The method first defines the comprehensive indexes of distribution network partitioning, including the modularity degree based on the comprehensive equivalent electrical distance, and the active-reactive power balance degree. The traditional binary PSO algorithm has been enhanced to address the dynamic partitioning problem in distribution networks. This improvement involves initializing the population using chaotic mapping and implementing adaptive scale selection, which boosts the algorithm’s global search capability and convergence speed. Additionally, a partitioning structure and an update trigger mechanism have been designed to further optimize the process. Simulation results of the IEEE33 node system show that the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of the distribution network.
Reconfiguration of distribution networks considering high penetration of renewable energy: an application of the QPSO algorithm
Authors: Yang Junwen , Ran Fusheng , Xu Bin , Zhong Pengzhuang , Li Fangfang
Published: February 2025

The increasing variety of distributed generation (DG) types introduces significant power fluctuations and uncertainties when integrated into the distribution network. This imposes significant challenges in ensuring the stability and safety of the power system. Flexible configuring the distribution network’s topology can reduce active power losses and improve node voltage levels. However, traditional heuristic algorithms often fall short when addressing the reconfiguration of distribution networks with multiple DG types. In this paper, an enhanced Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm is proposed for optimizing active power losses and minimizing node voltage deviations in the distribution network. Simulations conducted using the modified IEEE 33-node system as a case study demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively reconfigures distribution networks with various DG types. It significantly reduces network losses, enhances node voltage levels, and achieves high computational accuracy.
Research on capacity optimization configuration of distributed photovoltaic energy storage system
Authors: Xu Weijun , Lu Qian , Wang Jing
Published: February 2025

It is necessary to configure the power grid with appropriately sized energy storage equipment to address both economic efficiency and the operation of the regional power grid in a safe and stable manner after large-scale power stations are generated by photovoltaic effect integration. Considering the energy model of energy storage, an optimal configuration method with the lowest annual investment cost of the regional microgrid as the objective function is proposed. In the case conditions, considering the operation investment cost of each device of the microgrid and the optical storage subsidy, the rated capacity and rated power of the energy storage are set to optimize the optimal situation, and the composition of the annual investment cost of the microgrid is analyzed when the two are increased by 40 %. The results indicate that configuring the microgrid with optimal energy storage can significantly reduce power purchase costs and increase the percentage of photovoltaic power generation. However, decreasing the energy storage system’s rated capacity and rated power will lead to higher purchase costs, reduced economic efficiency, and diminished environmental protection benefits.
A Review on Issues and Challenges in Planning Application System Delivery from Selected Literatures
Authors: Ibrahim A K , Aminudin E , Pauzi N N M , Zakaria R , Hamid A R A , Zin R M , Roslan A F , Abdullah W Z W
Published: February 2025

The approval of a Planning Application is a mandatory requirement enforced by Local Authorities before developers can proceed with any proposed project. This approval process is a critical step in ensuring that development proposals align with regulatory standards and community interests. However, obtaining Planning Application approval has emerged as a significant challenge within the construction sector, a concern that has been widely discussed on a global scale. Recent studies highlight growing dissatisfaction and frustration among industry professionals and stakeholders, who express negative feedback towards the inefficiencies and delays in the Planning Application system delivery service. This paper aims to investigate the underlying issues and challenges associated with the Planning Application system, drawing from an extensive review of thirty-five selected literature sources. The research adopts a clustering technique philosophy to systematically categorize the problems identified. By utilizing a benchmarking methodology, the study extracted and analyzed nearly 150 elements that represent the key issues and challenges as discussed by scholars and professionals in the field. The findings of this study reveal a broad spectrum of challenges that are recurrent across different regions and contexts. These challenges have been classified into four primary components: Governance, which includes the regulatory and policy framework governing planning applications; Administration, Organization, and Management, which encompasses the procedural and managerial aspects of the application process; Human Capacity and Skills, highlighting the competencies and expertise of personnel involved; and Technology and Infrastructure, focusing on the technological tools and systems that support the planning application process. In conclusion, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the critical factors that hinder the effective delivery of Planning Application systems, offering insights that could inform future reforms and improvements in the process.
Statistical investigation on the BRI performance in construction communication effectiveness during COVID period in Malaysia
Authors: Mak J H , Tan O K
Published: February 2025

The rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2019 has greatly impacted global construction heavily, which including BRI construction projects in Malaysia. One of the major changes that happened to the construction projects in Malaysia, including the BRI projects, is the communication effectiveness in the construction projects. This research endeavour seeks to explore the correlation between the effectiveness of communication and the performance of BRI construction projects in Malaysia amidst the during the pandemic period. The effective communication methods employed by BRI construction companies during the COVID-19 pandemic period is face-to-face communication (FTF) and video conferencing (VC). These two communication methods are the factors that influence communication effectiveness, and their relationship with BRI project performance in Malaysia was investigated. This research study was designed as a quantitative study. Questionnaires were distributed to BRI related individuals. A total of 68 validated responses were analysed using SPSS. The findings show that independent variable of FTF and VC are statistically insignificant with BRI construction project performance during the COVID-19 period. Thus, communication effectiveness has an insignificant relationship with BRI project performance in Malaysia during the COVID-19 period. This study contributes a comprehensive investigation on the relationship between communication effectiveness and BRI project performance during COVID-19 period, and this will act as a foundation to future study on the communication effectiveness in BRI construction industry.
Smart and Sustainable Construction: Enablers and Inhibitors to Utilising Technologies for Health and Safety Management
Authors: Yap S C , Yap J B H , Lew Y L , Lee W P
Published: February 2025

Construction is one of the most dangerous sectors of the economy. Worldwide, construction workers are three times more likely to be killed and twice as likely to be injured than workers in other occupations. It is therefore imperative to improve construction safety science and management with the use of smart technologies for better safety performance. This paper provides a thorough overview of smart safety technologies in the construction industry. The enablers and inhibitors to utilising technologies for sustainable health and safety management (HSM) are examined using a questionnaire survey involving industry practitioners from G7 contractors in Malaysia. The significance of the enablers and inhibitors are prioritised using mean scores. Employing Spearman’s correlation test, the association between the enablers and inhibitors are established. The findings explained the important inhibitors such as the lack of consistent standards, interoperability issues, and the need for strong managerial support and staff training. To improve the adoption rate of utilising smart technologies for HSM, deliberate steps must be taken to standardise technologies, improve technology literacy, and win over senior management.
Porous fly ash geopolymer for the adsorption of anionic surfactant from aqueous solution
Authors: Rozamanja F S , Saharudin S N S , Siyal A A , Radin-Mohamed R M S
Published: February 2025

This paper describes the development of a porous geopolymer (PGP) to remove sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) from model wastewater. The characterization results confirmed the synthesis of geopolymer. The surface of the geopolymer was porous and rough. The adsorbent dose- 0.5 g/L, SDBS concentration- 25 mg/L, pH 2, and 60 minutes of contact time were the optimal adsorption conditions. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models best fit the data, showing that the SDBS adsorbed onto porous geopolymer through a combination of mono and multilayers by homogeneous and heterogeneous adsorption active sites on the geopolymer’s surface. A maximum of 200 mg/g adsorption capacity was obtained. This research confirmed that geopolymers can effectively adsorb anionic surfactants SDBS from aqueous solution.
A correlation study of Bio-Index and Water Quality Index in upstream of Forest Eco Park Soga Perdana, Johor, Malaysia.
Authors: Sadesh R S , Ali N A , Mohd-Kamil N A F , Ahmad-Nazri M A , Abu Talib S H , Abustan M S , Saiful-Bahari N A A
Published: February 2025

Monitoring water quality is essential in the recreation sector to ensure the safety of tourists engaging in activities that involve contact with water bodies. According to the Water Quality Index (WQI) established by the Department of Environment (DOE), Class II water is deemed suitable for recreational use involving human contact. However, assessing the WQI typically requires expensive reagents and equipment. This study aims to evaluate water quality using macroinvertebrates as a more economical indicator and to establish a correlation with the WQI. The research was conducted at the Forest Eco Park Soga Perdana, a recreational forest in Batu Pahat, Johor, which is renowned for its water park, forest adventure activities, and popularity as a tourist destination. To assess water quality, we utilized macroinvertebrate data alongside various physical-chemical indicators. The evaluation was performed using the Biological Monitoring Working Party and Average Score Per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT) Index for biological indicators, and the WQI for physical-chemical indicators (pH, DO, COD, BOD, TSS and AN). Three stations were included in the water quality assessments. Station 1 recorded the highest ASPT Index of 7.63, indicating an “almost clean” stream. Stations 2 and 3 followed with ASPT Index values of 7.44 and 6.84, respectively. The physical-chemical analyses revealed that Station 1 achieved the highest WQI value of 87.02, categorizing it as clean water. Stations 2 and 3 also registered WQI values of 86.47 and 85.99, respectively, thus classifying them as clean water, consistent with the same Class II designation as Station 1. This study demonstrated a strong positive correlation between the ASPT Index and the WQI method, with an R-value of 0.9825.
Assessment of flood storm scenarios for Tasik Kemajuan, UTHM using HEC-RAS
Authors: Kasmin H , Mohamad Razi M A , Adnan N A S , Tan L W , Wajil R , Abdul Kadir M A , Mohd Yusoff M A , Rahmat S N
Published: February 2025

Batu Pahat was hit by a significant flood in year of 2023; however, the area within the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) was spared, in contrast to what occurred in 2006/2007. Thus, this study aims to examine the current storage of Tasik Kemajuan, one of UTHM’s control structures, and to simulate this pond using several flood scenarios in HEC-RAS software. The study employs the cross-sectional data of Tasik Kemajuan from the previous study. Rainfall intensities under several flood storm scenarios were obtained based on calculation of three approaches i) highest rainfall events occurred of the nearest station; ii) typical return periods recommended by the MSMA Guidelines and iii) assumed peak runoff. By using Surfer Software, Tasik Kemajuan shows its current water volume of 12723.85 m3. Flood simulation shows that the lake has the potential to become flooded when the lake receives rainfall intensity of 96.6 mm/hr with peak flow of 15 m3/s; and above. IDF curve observation shows that rainfall intensity of 96.6 mm/hr has return period of larger than 500-yrs ARI, which is quite impossible to occur at the nearest time. These insights are essential for formulating efficient water resource management strategies, therefore aiding in the sustainable management of Tasik Kemajuan and its surrounding environment.
Technosol’s aggregation patterns according restoration treatments in limestone cement quarry in a semi-arid environment
Authors: Watteau F. , López J. , Soria R. , Bouchard A. , Ortega R. , Miralles I.
Published: February 2025

The creation of Technosols with waste amendments has proved to be a viable option for restoring soils affected by mining activities in arid and semi-arid zones. As an indicator of soil quality, structure is being studied 5 years after the application of restoration treatments in a limestone cement quarry (Almería province, Spain). There, 18 experimental plots (Technosols) of 50 m2 (10 m × 5 m) were installed in 2018, with the aim of applying organic amendments obtained from residues to the sandy-clay substrate of the quarry, namely: i) compost from greenhouse remains; ii) compost from garden pruning remains; iii) stabilized urban sludge; iv) mixtures of plant compost and sludge. Experimental plots without organic amendments were also set up. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and 40 plants of Stipa tenacissima L. were planted in each plot. Structural stability was assessed and used approach is based in particular on Transmission Electronic Microscopy characterization of <20 μm microaggregates sampled according a gradient from root/soil interface to rhizospheric soils further away. Results showed that in these soils, i) there is macroaggregation due to root biomass, thus underlining the positive impact of organic amendments on soil stability due to the increase in root biomass and ii) there is microaggregation, due in particular to the microbial contribution, through their role in the biodegradation of organic matter, which generates aggregating organic matter and through their production of exopolymers. According to the different aggregation patterns between treatments, it appears that a macro/micro-aggregation balance needs to be found in terms of the amendment to be applied, so as to favor biomass without all the microbial activity mineralizing the organic matter present, in order to promote soil stability.
Climate change, water balance and edaphic drought in the southern shore of the Mediterranean: case of the eastern region of Algeria
Authors: Hassina Smaihi Amal , Kalla Mahdi
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the climatic context of the Batna region over a 30 year period, from 1990 to 2019. The methodology relies on several analyses, first the analysis of variations in annual precipitations and temperatures relative to the average. Then, the estimation of the monthly fluctuations in precipitation and temperatures by the method of comparative graphs. The statistical analysis is conducted with Mann-Kendall trend test. Finally, the estimate of the soil drought using the formulas of Thornthwaite. The follow-up of the water balance revealed that the temperature increase, combined with the precipitation deficit, led to soil drought in the Batna region, where the available water capacity fell to 20% for 30 months. In addition, precipitation has considerably decreased in winter.
Seismic Attributes and Acoustic Impedance Inversion Analysis to Deliniate Miocene Net-Pay Sands in Deep-Water Sadewa Field, Kutai Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Ambarsari Dona Sita , Amin Thaha Fajri , Jerico Hendri , Untung Ilona Jocelynn , Sukmono Sigit , Septama Erlangga , Murdianto Befriko
Published: February 2025

The deep-water Sadewa Field is located about 45 km east-northeast offshore of the Mahakam delta, North Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan Indonesia, at water depths of 1,000 to 2,800 feet. Most of the producing reservoirs in Mahakam delta were the Early Miocene sand reservoirs deposited in shallow water of shelf delta. During Miocene the study area was submerged under shallow sea level and there were multiple small-scale low-stand system-tracts deltas deposited along the Sadewa shelf slope. The coarse-grain clastic sediments were fed the shelf slope onto the channels and local fans of the deltas. The local fans were filled with thicker, cleaner, and more porous sands as they had bigger accommodation space and higher depositional energy than the channels. Seismic stratigraphy analysis, guided by seismic attributes, identifies and maps the channel and fan facies. This research focuses on delineating the Sadewa Miocene net-pay sand reservoirs using seismic attributes and inversion. The post-stack AI inversion is applied to mapping the associated lithology, porosity, and pore fluids. The net-pay sand was calculated based on the stratigraphic thickness between the two top target zones (gross sand) with cut-off values of VCL < 40%, POR > 10%, and SW < 70% for each target reservoir. Based on the cross plot between seismic attributes and net-pay thickness, shows that net-pay thickness is associated with high RMS seismic amplitude and low attribute variance. The result shows that RMS seismic amplitude is related to the presence of hydrocarbon fluid and the variance is related to the facies and reservoir geometry in terms of continuity and reflector alignment. Thus, using the RMS amplitude*1/Variance attribute can provide answers for hydrocarbon production needs and determine which geometry and sediment are more prioritized. Later, this attribute can be used to see the distribution of net-pay sand with facies and reservoir geometries with high thicknesses.
Facies analysis with seismic attribute for net paying sand in late Miocene at Kutai Basin
Authors: Rahman Adinda Aisyah , Ambarsari Dona Sita , Sukmono Sigit , Wardaya Pongga , Murdianto Befriko
Published: February 2025

One of the challenges faced in exploration field development is many geological factors that are still not well understood regarding reservoir distribution and net pay. Fasies analysis become the key to understanding the characteristics of reservoirs and their distribution. This paper discusses the characterize of the reservoirs through stratigraphy and facies analysis supported by seismic attributes. Biostratigraphy data is used to understand the depositional environment and dividing sequence. Each sequence contains a target reservoir with different facies, caused by different sedimentation rates. The target reservoir was found in the Low-stand System Tract (LST), with the gamma-ray log showing fining upward and some coarsening upward patterns. Based on seismic attributes analysis on different sequences, the facies of the target reservoir are slope-fan and channel with slope-fan facies is thicker than the target with channel facies. The thicker slope-fan contains higher net-pay sand that becomes the main target of reservoir. The slope fan and channel facies appear in parasequence that have higher sedimentation rates, while channel facies only appear in parasequence with lower sedimentation rates. Sedimentation rates play a significant role to determine the thickness and the facies of the reservoir.
Identification of Nickel Laterite Deposit in Hukurila Ambon Based on Electrical Resistivity Tomography Data
Authors: Ripamole J N A , Warsa  , Bahri S
Published: February 2025

Nickel reserves in the Hukurila area are laterite nickel deposits from the weathering ultramafic rocks. The layers in laterite nickel deposits show different percentages of element values, where the focus point is the saprolite and limonite zones with a large percentage of nickel elements. This research examines the structure of nickel laterite deposits below the surface. Each layer in laterite nickel deposits has a different resistivity value, this means that the structure of the limonite and saprolite layers below the surface can be studied easily using the electrical resistivity tomography method, this method can describe differences in resistivity values below the surface so that the distribution of resistivity values in each layer of laterite nickel deposits in the Hukurila area can be determined. The Wenner-Schlumberger configuration has a good level of resolution vertically and can describe subsurface conditions well laterally which is used in this research. After conducting research, it was found that the resistivity value for each limonite and saprolite layer was 0 – 100 Ωm for the limonite layer and 100 – 400 Ωm for the saprolite layer. And the volume for the two layers is: 165,589.5 m3 for the limonite layer and 124,076.5 m3 for the saprolite layer, volumetric calculations estimate both layers have nickel reserves of 16,956,313 tons for the limonite layer and 14,516,951 tons for the saprolite layer. This geophysical approach highlights the utility of ERT in mineral exploration, particularly in mapping nickel resources critical for sustainable energy solutions.
Manual Detection of P and S Wave Arrival Times and Re-localization of the 2021 Toba Swarm Earthquake from Temporary Seismic Network
Authors: Alyssa Yaumil Farah , Purba Siti Maryam , Asra Nadiatul , Nadia Mustika , Umar Muksin
Published: February 2025

The epicenter of the 2021 swarm earthquake was previously determined automatically using the STA/LTA method. Although, the results obtained show that the distribution of earthquake epicenters still needs to be accurate. This is shown by errors in determining the arrival times of P and S waves. Therefore, in this study, we try to improve the location of the earthquake epicenter manually. This manual detection method is done by re-analyzing the arrival times of P and S waves, which are recorded at each station, one by one. This study aims to determine the pattern of the 2021 Toba swarm earthquake to be used as a preliminary study, mainly in seismic hazard mitigation in Toba. The processing step starts by selecting the P and S arrival times using XQUAKE and then localized using HYPO71. We selected and only used earthquakes with azimuth angles ≤ 200 degrees and a minimum distance from the earthquake to the station < 100 km. The final results show that the epicenter distribution of the Toba swarm earthquake is clustered on the west side of Samosir Island toward the northwest-southeast and not along the Sumatra Fault. The results of this study indicate that the 2021 Toba swarm earthquakes are suspected to be caused by an unidentified geological structure.
Seismic structure and volcanism beneath the Sunda Strait from traveltime tomography
Authors: Darojat Ardana Rahadiyan , Muttaqy Faiz , Aulia Atin Nur , Putra Ade Surya , Supendi Pepen , Syuhada  , Anggono Titi , Iskandarsyah  , Rosalia Shindy , Pranata Bayu
Published: February 2025

The Sunda Strait lies between two distinct tectonic regions with perpendicular and oblique subduction in Java and Sumatra, respectively. The region experiences significant seismic activity, with an active volcanic ring resulting from the collision between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. In this research, we employed 3-D velocity tomography to visualize the subsurface in the western Java region, particularly within the Sunda Strait, down to a depth of 150 km. We utilized traveltime data for P- and S-waves from 1,418 earthquakes with at least 15 phases and magnitude greater than M3, which were recorded at 52 the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) seismic stations between April 2009 and December 2021. We used the SIMULPS12 code to simultaneously invert the velocities of P- and S- waves, the Vp/Vs ratio, and the hypocenter locations. High- and low-velocity anomalies from seismic tomography may depict geological features such as the subduction slab, volcanism, and other seismogenic zones. Our results show that high-velocity anomalies indicate the curvature of the oceanic slab subducted below the region extending from Western Java to Southern Sumatra, a low Vp/Vs ratio, and clustered seismicity down to 150 km depths. We suggest the presence of partial melting zones at 100 km depth beneath Mount Sekincau, Krakatau, Prakasak, and the Mount Salak and Guntur complexes, which are indicated by low velocity and high Vp/Vs ratio.
Variation of Principal Stress Direction with Depth in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Putri Nurmaelia Rusliani , Wulan Amelia Nanda , Zahra Radhina , Rohman Arif Nur
Published: February 2025

Sumatra, Indonesia, is situated in a highly seismically active region. The Sumatra Fault Zone, which spans 1,900 kilometers, runs along the island’s spine and develops within or around active volcanic arcs. The area of interest is located at the boundary between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates, resulting in high pressure and increasing the risk of earthquakes. The Sumatra Fault Segment Renun is characterized by a strike-slip type fault with a west-northwest to southeast orientation in the northern part of the island. This study aims to identify variations in the principal stress direction with depth in the subduction zone, the Sumatra Fault Segment Renun, and transition zone between two structures mentioned. The study used earthquake data from 1977 to 2023, which contains 72 events with focal mechanisms dominated by strike-slip. The earthquakes’ depths were categorized into three groups: 10-40 km, 41-60 km, and 61-100 km. Iterative joint inversion method was applied to determine the rotation of stress that occurred by utilizing data on focal mechanisms to estimate stress within the Earth’s crust. The results included a principal stress diagram with P/T (Pressure/Tension) axis, confidence level of principal stress, Mohr circle, and shape ratio. The principal stress direction (σ1) and shape ratio for the three depth categories are: north-south with a ratio of 0.4-0.55, southwest with a ratio of 0.7-0.9, and west-northwest to southeast with a ratio of 0-0.38. This suggests that the orientation of principal stress in Sumatra Fault Segment Renun is predominantly north-south at shallow depths of 10-40 km, which is positively correlated with the Sumatra Fault and indicates that this stress drives the movement of the Sumatra Fault Segment Renun with a west-northwest to southeast orientation.
Yogyakarta’s sound environment based on demographic variables
Authors: Mediastika Christina E. , Sudarsono Anugrah S. , Ariyanto Yusuf , Utami Sentagi S. , Setiawan Teguh , Yanti Ressy J.
Published: February 2025

Yogyakarta is a city rich in culture and heritage, which makes it the second tourist destination in Indonesia. The tangible heritage is well maintained, but the intangible aspects still need to be fully addressed. One of the intangible aspects of Yogyakarta is the sound environment. A preliminary study showed that Yogyakarta’s sound environment is now filled with traffic noise, which largely masks the local soundmark. An appropriate sound environment will contextually develop heritage and cultural sites into more memorable tourism yet a healthy and comfortable environment. The study reported here aims to describe how residents and visitors experience the sound environment in Yogyakarta. A modest quantitative method for collecting data using an online questionnaire was employed, with 252 respondents expressing their opinions. The results show that demographic variables influence respondents’ perceptions of sound. Age variations significantly affect the perception of pleasantness and annoyance. Female participants tend to perceive the sound environment more positively than males. Residents tend to perceive the sound environment as generally appropriate, but visitors perceive it as primarily appropriate. The finding will serve as a reference for further soundscape development of Yogyakarta.
Climate Sensitive Urban Design Approach on a Design Review at a Central Business District in Semarang
Authors: Pramudito Khairul Syarif , Zulkaidi Denny , Koerniawan Mochamad Donny
Published: February 2025

Climate sensitive urban design is an important design approach to respond to a climate condition in an urban area which has an increasing temperature phenomenon. Temperature rise in an urban area will lead to urban heat island phenomenon which has an impact on outdoor thermal comfort. The proposed central business district master plan in Semarang has a high intensity of floor area ratio (FAR), thus it is at risk to encounter urban heat island. A design review with a climate sensitive urban design approach is needed to cope with the circumstance, anticipate microclimate issues and to achieve an outdoor thermal comfort condition within the master plan.

The aim of this research is to carry out a design review with a climate sensitive urban design approach to assess the central business district master plan and ensure an outdoor thermal comfort condition. Design review uses an ex-ante evaluation time orientation. Ex-ante evaluation is an assessment of a program before it is implemented. This study is calculating numerical variables of microclimate such as air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and mean radiant temperature with ENVI-Met software to understand the outdoor thermal comfort based on the thermal comfort index which is PMV and PET.
Smartphones monitor Earth’s ever-changing ionosphere
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: February 2025

A plan to use millions of smartphones to map out real-time variations in Earth’s ionosphere has been tested by researchers in the US.
Cloudy with a chance of warming
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: February 2025

For all of us concerned about the climate, 2023 was a grim year. One of the biggest uncertainties in predicting future climate change is the impact of clouds. Michael Allen speaks to the physicists and atmospheric scientists studying the properties and processes of cloud physics – from structure and phase-transitions to modelling and manipulations.
Micro Changes
Authors: Bruskin Signe
Published: February 2025

Micro changes are defined in a process perspective as fluid, pervasive, ever changing, and existing in the organization’s micro processes. These organizational changes should be addressed in the literature and practice but have typically been neglected or forgotten. However, employees point at micro changes influencing everyday work activities as the most radical ones, crucial to their well-being and engagement at work. This book unpacks micro changes from a process perspective combined with empirical examples and cases. It aims to answer the questions of what micro changes are, why they are crucial to organizations, and how they are to be handled. Thus, it gives scholars within organizational studies new insights into organizational changes grounded in empirical material and inspires practitioners by offering a new and alternative lens through which to view organizational changes.
Physical Changes
Authors: Bruskin Signe
Published: February 2025

Physical changes are types of micro changes often experienced by employees as radical. This could be moving to another office or shifting to activity-based working. Employees attribute symbolic meaning to the physical space. When employees experience physical changes as radical, it creates an insecurity that goes beyond the practicalities often ascribed to the changes. A shift in new ways of working has made physical changes even more pertinent. This chapter unpacks examples of physical changes and appeals to proactively discussing rules and agreements on working flexibly, remotely, hybrid, at home, and so forth to overcome the challenges and gain from the benefits that arise.
Sententialism
Authors: Salje Léa
Published: February 2025

Chapter 2 considers an inflationist view of articulatory self-knowledge that construes the complete and determinate thought posited at the outset of the process as a linguistically formatted thought. This view is called sententialism. I first identify the core commitments of the view by applying it to an example, and then demonstrate how a worked-out version of the view might go by considering a recent account of self-knowledge by Alex Byrne. Despite a number of starting advantages, I end the chapter by arguing that there are two significant problems for sententialism that should send us looking elsewhere for a satisfying account of our target phenomenon: sententialism is unexplanatory, and it implies an implausible range of stopping points for the process we are interested in. It also invites a corollary view about the format of thought that many will find unappealing.
Reflections and Conclusions
Authors: Gutner Tamar
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines the factors that may shape the future of the AIIB, as it navigates its unique position as a multilateral development bank created by China, with the participation of all major donor nations except the United States and Japan. While the AIIB may be deeply nested as a member of the MDB community, this does not mean it is impossible for it to be thrown off track. The chapter examines three different scenarios for the future of the AIIB. Understanding the AIIB in a larger context of a fragmented authoritarian country’s strategies, policies, activities, and actions helps academics and policymakers better grasp important nuances necessary to understand more broadly and clearly how global economic governance is shaped and may evolve.
Dynamic functional connectivity signatures of focused attention on the breath in adolescents
Authors: Treves Isaac N , Kucyi Aaron K , Tierney Anna O , Balkind Emma , Whitfield-Gabrieli Susan , Schuman-Olivier Zev , Gabrieli John D E , Webb Christian A
Published: February 2025

Breathing meditation typically consists of directing attention toward breathing and redirecting attention when the mind wanders. As yet, we do not have a full understanding of the neural mechanisms of breath attention, in particular, how large-scale network interactions may be different between breath attention and rest and how these interactions may be modulated during periods of on-task and off-task attention to the breath. One promising approach may be examining fMRI measures including static connectivity between brain regions as well as dynamic, time-varying brain states. In this study, we analyzed static and dynamic functional connectivity in 72 adolescents during a breath-counting task (BCT), leveraging physiological respiration data to detect objective on-task and off-task periods. During the BCT relative to rest, we identified increases in static connectivity within attention-direction and orienting networks and anticorrelations between attention networks and the DMN. Dynamic connectivity analysis revealed four distinct brain states, including a DMN-anticorrelated brain state, proportionally more present during the BCT than the rest. We found there were distinct brain state markers of (i) breathing tasks vs rest and (ii) momentary on-task vs off-task attention within the BCT, yet in this analysis, no identifiable brain states reflecting between-individual behavioral variability.