bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport
Authors: McGrath-Spangler E. L. , Molod A. , Ott L. E. , Pawson S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes are important for weather, climate, and tracer transport and concentration. One measure of the strength of these processes is the PBL depth. However, no single PBL depth definition exists and several studies have found that the estimated depth can vary substantially based on the definition used. In the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model, the PBL depth is particularly important because it is used to calculate the turbulent length scale that is used in the estimation of turbulent mixing. This study analyzes the impact of using three different PBL depth definitions in this calculation. Two definitions are based on the scalar eddy diffusion coefficient and the third is based on the bulk Richardson number. Over land, the bulk Richardson number definition estimates shallower nocturnal PBLs than the other estimates while over water this definition generally produces deeper PBLs. The near surface wind velocity, temperature, and specific humidity responses to the change in turbulence are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, resulting in changes to tracer transport and concentrations. Near surface wind speed increases in the bulk Richardson number experiment cause Saharan dust increases on the order of 1 × 10−4 kg m−2 downwind over the Atlantic Ocean. Carbon monoxide (CO) surface concentrations are modified over Africa during boreal summer, producing differences on the order of 20 ppb, due to the model's treatment of emissions from biomass burning. While differences in carbon dioxide (CO2) are small in the time mean, instantaneous differences are on the order of 10 ppm and these are especially prevalent at high latitude during boreal winter. Understanding the sensitivity of trace gas and aerosol concentration estimates to PBL depth is important for studies seeking to calculate surface fluxes based on near-surface concentrations and to studies projecting future concentrations.
Impact of seawater Ca2+ on the calcification and calcite Mg/Ca of Amphistegina lessonii
Authors: Mewes A. , Langer G. , Thoms S. , Nehrke G. , Reichart G.-J. , de Nooijer L. J. , Bijma J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Mg/Ca ratios in foraminiferal tests are routinely used as paleo temperature proxy, but on long timescales, also hold the potential to reconstruct past seawater Mg/Ca. Impact of both temperature and seawater Mg/Ca on Mg incorporation in foraminifera have been quantified by a number of studies. The underlying mechanism responsible for Mg incorporation in foraminiferal calcite and its sensitivity to environmental conditions, however, is not fully identified. A recently published biomineralization model (Nehrke et al., 2013) proposes a combination of transmembrane transport and seawater leakage or vacuolization to link calcite Mg/Ca to seawater Mg/Ca and explains inter-species variability in Mg/Ca ratios. To test the assumptions of this model, we conducted a culture study in which seawater Mg/Ca was manipulated by varying [Ca2+] and keeping [Mg2+] constant. Foraminiferal growth rates, test thickness and calcite Mg/Ca of newly formed chambers were analyzed. Results showed optimum growth rates and test thickness at Mg/Ca closest to that of ambient seawater. Calcite Mg/Ca is positively correlated to seawater Mg/Ca, indicating that not absolute seawater [Ca2+] and [Mg2+], but the telative ratio controls Mg/Ca in tests. These results demonstrate that the calcification process cannot be based only on seawater vacuolization, supporting the mixing model proposed by Nehrke et al. (2013). Here we, however, suggest a transmembrane transport fractionation that is not as strong as suggested by Nehrke et al. (2013).
Broadband Policy in the Light of the Dutch Experience with Telecommunications Liberalization
Authors: de Bijl Paul W.J.
Published: December 2014

EU telecommunications regulators have taken a more activist role than those in the US in promoting competition. How successful have they been? Dr. de Bijl notes that over the last decade, the outcomes predicted by EU policymakers have largely failed to materialize. Sustainable facilities-based competition is still remote. A return to monopolies is possible. For the US, this suggests regulation that focuses on promoting innovation and investment while preserving the social benefits of the Internet as a general purpose technology.
Promoting Universal Broadband through Middle Mile Institutions: A Legislative Agenda
Authors: Jayakar Krishna
Published: December 2014

Can broadband save declining communities? The National Broadband Plan pays more attention than any previous policy to this question. Professor Jayakar focuses on community-based public and non-profit institutions which serve as anchor institutions or demand aggregators, and which provide job training, digital literacy instruction, continuing education, and entrepreneurship classes. He conducts an analysis based on extensive usage and penetration data and determines which situations are most likely to produce the greatest return on investment. He then recommends specific legislative and regulatory enablers.
A European Risk Barometer for Media Pluralism: Why Assess Damage When You Can Map Risk?
Authors: Valcke Peggy
Published: December 2014

The role of government, if any, in assuring media pluralism is complex and contested. In her essay, Professor Valcke describes an indicators-based model, the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM), for measuring threats to media pluralism in the Member States of the European Union. Although the importance of media pluralism is generally recognized, divergent approaches among the Member States (market vs. public regulation) make a harmonized rule unlikely. The MPM is described as flexible and adaptable to each Member State, not for regulation but as a standardized, neutral tool for collection of data on indicators of media pluralism. It is characterized as a holistic, risk-based analytical framework using six “risk domains,” three “risk areas,” and three types of indicators (a total of 166 quantitative and qualitative indicators) to potentially create a unique, multidimensional media pluralism “risk profile” for each State. Professor Valcke notes that while this tool has been available since mid-2009, it has so far had little uptake, and she suggests that absent any new initiatives from the European Commission on this politically sensitive issue, its future is uncertain.
Media Regulatory Frameworks in the Age of Broadband: Securing Diversity
Authors: Hitchens Lesley
Published: December 2014

Professor Hitchens, writing from Australia, sees a dramatically different regulatory framework in a post-convergence “Broadband Age.” Future media policy and regulation, she says, will have to address the entire “media ecosystem,” viewed as a “regulatory space” in which self-regulation and the market are all part of the basket of regulatory tools. Its goal should be to maintain and strengthen the public sphere. Traditional rules limiting media ownership or setting content requirements are unlikely to be viable, and will be replaced by increased reliance on sectoral ex ante competition regulation, perhaps complemented by a code of behavior promoting self-regulation regarding content. Hitchens concludes that traditional media regulations rooted in spectrum scarcity are not sustainable in the long term.
Digital Diversity: Broadband and Indigenous Populations in Alaska
Authors: Hudson Heather E.
Published: December 2014

The challenge of bringing the benefits of broadband to very small, extremely remote villages is exemplified by the experience of serving indigenous rural populations in Alaska. This requires not just access, but adoption, entrepreneurship, and innovation. Dr. Hudson describes the history of provisioning access to these areas, and suggests a strategy of integrating investments from NTIA and RUS programs as a model for promoting broadband “digital diversity” to similar populations.
Let Them Eat Cellphones: Why Mobile Wireless is No Solution for Broadband
Authors: Noam Eli
Published: December 2014

The policy of serving rural America through wireless broadband offers false hope for the future and promotes inefficient use of resources in the present, argues Professor Noam. Rural mobile broadband will never, he says, be a satisfactory substitute for wired (fiber or coaxial) systems for meeting foreseeable needs for increased throughput, creating a new “digital gap.” It is at best a temporary Band-Aid for addressing the increasingly uneven distribution of broadband quality. Eventually its inherently second-rate characteristics will drive the national network to an all-wired infrastructure. It would be better to recognize and address this now.
The Internet is Not a Super Highway: Using Metaphors to Communicate Information and Communications Policy
Authors: Osenga Kristen
Published: December 2014

Do metaphors influence our information policy preferences? Professor Osenga thinks so, which makes it especially important to choose the right one, as a metaphor is often the primary tool the general public uses to understand information policy. Using a five-point rubric, she evaluates, among others, understanding the Internet as “tubes,” “highway,” “space (cyberspace),” “coffee shop/bar” and “cloud.” Osenga finds them all lacking in important ways. However, she believes the metaphor of the Internet as “ecosystem” is very promising and deserves to be further developed.
Fortunes and Misfortunes of the CENADI in Bénin: How a National Documentation Center Disappeared
Authors: Mêgnigbêto Eustache , Hounton Maxime
Published: December 2014

Why did an important, well-supported plan for a national economic development statistics center in Bénin fail, ask the authors, and what broader lessons can we learn from this? Such statistics are the foundation of information policies supporting sustainable economic development and social welfare. As part of a larger African initiative, in 1982 such a center was established in Bénin, but over time it failed completely. The authors identify multiple exogenous and endogenous causes, some of which may have been avoidable. The fundamental lesson is that the technology employed came to be more valued than the information it was intended to produce.
Promoting Fair Local Organizing for Broadband Delivery: Suggestions for Community-Level Action in Persistently Underserved Communities
Authors: Fortunato Michael William-Patrick , Bridger Jeffrey C. , Alter Theodore R. , Emmerling Grace M. , Ortbal Kathryn J. , Schwartz Mike , Sterner Glenn E. , Shuffstall William
Published: December 2014

Are public-private partnerships superior to private-only or public-only broadband initiatives in meeting the needs of the most rural and least served areas? Yes, say the authors, based on data collected from a USDA-funded six-case mixed-methods study that compared examples of the three types of successful rural broadband initiatives. This finding, they say, applies both to residential and business users. Based on these data, they offer six targeted strategies to address access, public education, and local organizational capacity to support technology independence in persistently lagging areas.
Digital Human Capital: Developing a Framework for Understanding the Economic Impact of Digital Exclusion in Low-Income Communities
Authors: Bach Amy , Shaffer Gwen , Wolfson Todd
Published: December 2014

Are universal access and computer literacy the keys to ending the digital divide? No, argue Bach, Shaffer and Wolfson. Socio-economic inequality and social exclusion demand a more aggressive and nuanced plan to address this problem. They argue for a Digital Human Capital framework, taking into account the complex nature of social exclusion in the informational age. Based on a year of qualitative research on BTOP programs in Philadelphia aimed at closing the digital divide, the authors conclude that ICT training initiatives must shift toward critical social and cultural practices that encourage full participation in community affairs, cultural life, and official institutions. Policymakers must design digital inclusion initiatives that ultimately lead to diversity in media ownership, expand digital literacy, and teach participants to create meaningful content.
Mexico's Universal Telecommunications Service Policies and Regulatory Environment in an International Perspective, 1990–2010
Authors: Casanueva-Reguart Cristina
Published: December 2014

What happens to “universal service” commitments when there is a weak institutional framework and a marked imbalance of power between the regulatory authorities and the dominant telecom operators? Commitments are abandoned and service breaks down, according to the author. Using Telmex in Mexico as a case study, and using national, regional, and international comparative data, she builds econometric models that indicate shortcomings in the design and enforcement of telecommunications policies and regulations. These account for the gap in coverage for Mexico's lower-income population.
Testing Current Telecommunications Practices Against User and Provider Principles
Authors: Shaffer Gwen , Scott Jordan
Published: December 2014

What is the future of “Carterfone” style device attachment rules for a converged broadband network? The authors predict that American rules governing device attachment will become unsustainable as network technologies converge, and that a unified statute regarding device attachment will become necessary. They posit that end users will increasingly expect the functionality of the mobile Internet to resemble that of the fixed Internet. Current telecommunications law results in very different requirements depending on the type of network over which service is provided. This article explores the application of a previously proposed set of statutory provisions regarding device attachment to multiple scenarios. The authors find that a combination of an “any device” rule with provisions on device interconnection, device subsidies, and reasonable network management can effectively address the range of likely scenarios.
Tribal Sovereignty Means Competition, Broadband Access, and Economic Development for Indian Country: A Law and Economics Analysis of the Efficiency of the FCC's Standing Rock Sioux Case
Authors: Kemper Kevin R.
Published: December 2014

The digital divide continues to persist in Indian Country, and a significant percentage of Native Americans still await affordable and reliable telecommunications services. In a potentially influential move based on existing conceptions of competition and tribal sovereignty, the Federal Communications Commission recently recognized the Standing Rock Sioux tribe as an Eligible Telecommunications Carrier for its reservation lands. Via the disciplines of law and economics, Dr. Kemper analyzes these developments to find whether they will be efficient and equitable for all the parties involved.
PRODUTOS FLORESTAIS E A SITUAÇÃO MUNDIAL
Authors: Santana Marcelo Guaracy , Brito Edvá Oliveira , Mendes Alfredo Souza
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
MANUFATURA DE PAINÉIS COMPENSADOS SOM EUCALYPTUS: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE DIVERSAS ESPÉCIES
Authors: Jankowsky Ivaldo Pereira , Aguiar Osmar J. R. de
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
TABELAS DE SORTIMENTO PARA Pinus elliotti Engelm. NA FLORESTA NACIONAL DE TRÊS BARRAS, SC
Authors: Jorge Luiz Alberto Blanco
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
PLANEJAMENTO FLORESTAL
Authors: Hosokawa Roberto Tuyoshi , Mendes Jefferson Bueno
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
Melanolophia apicalis (Warren, 1900) (Geometridae) em Pinus patula no Paraná
Authors: Martins Air J. , Pedrosa-Macedo José Henrique , Santos Honório R. , Cordeiro Luiz
Published: December 2014

Por razões técnicas o resumo deste artigo não está disponível. Para maiores informações baixar arquivo completo.
AJUSTE DA FUNÇÃO DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA WEIBULL POR PLANILHA ELETRÔNICA
Authors: Wendling William Thomaz , Emerenciano Dartagnan Baggio , Hosokawa Roberto Tuyoshi
Published: December 2014

Desenvolve-se uma metodologia traçada por um roteiro em algoritmo factível e amigável para efetivação em planilhas eletrônicas, reconhecidas como uma interface popular para cálculos. Busca-se, assim, apresentar uma ferramenta útil para alunos de graduação e recém-graduados em engenharia florestal, ou engenheiros mais experientes que ainda não dominem a técnica, para ajuste de um modelo de função densidade de probabilidade, com o objetivo de descrever a estrutura da distribuição diamétrica de populações florestais. O modelo adotado é o da função de Weibull, e o método de ajuste é o do percentis, com simulações comparadas por teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A eficiência do método apresentado é testada por comparação a outro método alternativo.Palavras-chave:  Manejo florestal; florestas - modelos matemáticos; florestas - simulação por computador. AbstractWeibull diameter distribution function adjusts for electronic spreadsheet. This research develops a methodology based on easy and friendly algorithm for spreadsheets, a well known interface for calculus. It aims to present a helpful tool for forestry students, as well as for newly or experienced engineers who haven’t already known adjustment techniques for a density function model of probability, which is useful into diametric distribution structure descriptions of forest population. It has Weibull’s function as main model, percentile as adjustment method, and comparing simulations by Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. Efficiency of the presented method was tested by comparison to another method.Keywords: Forest management; forest - mathematical models; forest - computer simulator.
ANÁLISE DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL COMO SUPORTE AO PLANEJAMENTO DO ECOTURISMO EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO: ESTUDO DE CASO FLONA DE IRATI-PR
Authors: Maganhotto Ronaldo Ferreira , Santos Leonardo José Cordeiro , Oliveira Filho Paulo Costa de
Published: December 2014

Uma série de fatores, como ocrescimentodemográficodesordenado, a industrialização e a exploraçãodosrecursosnaturais, entre outros, têm influenciado negativamente na salubridade ambiental. As unidades de conservação estão inseridas nesse cenário como agentes reguladores da utilização irracional da natureza e como instrumento de educação ambiental a partir de atividades recreativas. No entanto, grande parte dessas áreas apresenta ausência ou deficiências quanto ao seu plano de manejo. Nesse contexto, o levantamento da fragilidade física ambiental da Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Irati, PR, objetivo deste trabalho, poderá auxiliar na atualização do plano de manejo, assim como no planejamento e gestão da unidade. A metodologia de Ross (1994) orientou o desenvolvimento da pesquisa e identificou quatro classes de fragilidade, sendo predominante a classe de fragilidade baixa, que ocupa cerca de 60% da área. No entanto, as classes de fragilidade alta e muito alta requerem uma maior atenção, já que a unidade configura-se como de uso sustentável, fato que regulamenta a utilização direta da natureza. Além disso, tais informações poderão auxiliar no planejamento turístico, dando subsídio à implantação do ecoturismo, de trilhas e de demais ações que deverão ser direcionadas para as classes de menor fragilidade.Palavras-chave: SIG; análise espacial; sustentabilidade florestal; unidades de conservação; ecoturismo. AbstractEnvironment physical fragility analysis for ecotourism planning into conservation units: case-study of Irati’s  National Forest. Different factors as disorderly demographic growth, industrialization, exploration of natural resources and others have negative influence into environment healthiness. Conservation units are inserted into such scenario as regulating agents for irrational use of nature as well as an instrument of environmental education by recreational activities. However, a large number of these areas present absence or deficiencies related to their management plan. In such context, surveying environment physical fragility of National Forest (FLONA) of Irati-PR, focus of this work, would be helpful to bring up-to-date a management plan, as well as for planning and management of the unit. Ross methodology (1994) oriented this research development and identified four classes of fragility, having as the predominant one the Low Fragility Class, about 60%. However, High and Very High Fragility Class require a higher attention, considering that this is a sustainable unit, a configuration which regulates direct use of nature. Moreover, such information would be helpful to touristic planning in order to ecological tourism implantation, tracks, and other actions for less fragility classes.Keywords: GIS; spatial analyst; forest sustainable; conservation areas; ecological tourism.
ANÁLISE DO PERIGO DE INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS EM UM MUNICÍPIO DA AMAZÔNIA MATO-GROSSENSE, BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Luciene , Soares Ronaldo Viana , Batista Antonio Carlos , Silva Ivan Crespo
Published: December 2014

Com o objetivo de estabelecer o período de maior perigo de incêndios florestais e propor medidas mitigadoras de riscos de incêndios florestais para o município de Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brasil, foi aplicado um estudo de previsão de perigo de incêndios florestais. O trabalho foi realizado utilizando-se dados de uma série climática correspondente ao período de 2000 a 2005, obtida junto ao Instituto de Meteorologia (INMET). A metodologia aplicada se deu através do cálculo diário do índice de perigo de incêndios florestais, utilizando-se a Fórmula de Monte Alegre (FMA), sendo os dados graficamente representados através do programa A.M.A.D.O. A análise estatística foi realizada com auxílio do programa Statgraphics Centurion XV, e a sazonalidade dos índices de perigo de incêndios foi expressa a partir dos modelos propostos por Box; Jenkins (1976). Foram elaboradas propostas mitigadoras de riscos de incêndios florestais. Os resultados indicaram que os meses de maio, junho, julho e agosto foram os mais perigosos, devido à escassez ou ausência total de precipitação. As medidas mitigadoras de riscos propostas neste estudo são simples e de fácil aplicação, podendo contribuir de forma eficaz e segura para previsão, prevenção e controle de incêndios florestais no município.Palavras-chave: Fogo; proteção florestal; Amazônia. AbstractFire danger analysis in a county located in Mato Grosso State, Amazon region, Brazil. The aim of this paper were to establish fire season as well as to propose proceedings in order to reduce fire risk, specifically at “Novo Mundo” county, located in “Mato Grosso” State, Brazil. A forest fire forecast methodology was applied to reach the proposed objectives. The research was carried out along 2000-2005. Fire danger was daily calculated using Monte Alegre Formula, and the results were graphically represented through the A.M.A.D.O. software. The statistics had been developed using Statgraphics Centurion XV program, and applying the methodology proposed by Box and Jenkins (1976). Furthermore, some actions to reduce fire risk had been suggested. Results points to May, June, July and August as the most critical months regarding fire risk, mainly due to the rain shortage along the period. The mitigation measures proposed in this work are easy to implement and could be carried out by county authorities and local community, leading to improvement of forest fire control in the county or even the whole region.Keywords: Forest fire; forest protection; Amazon.
APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTE DE LIBERAÇÃO LENTA NO ESTABELECIMENTO DE MUDAS DE IPÊ-ROXO E ANGICO-BRANCO EM ÁREA DE DOMÍNIO CILIAR
Authors: Lang Aletéia , Malavasi Ubirajara Contro , Decker Vanessa , Pérez Paula Vergili , Aleixo Maicon Antonio , Malavasi Marlene de Matos
Published: December 2014

O uso de fertilizantes de liberação controlada constitui-se em uma das modernas técnicas na produção de mudas. Porém existem poucos relatos de seus efeitos sobre o crescimento inicial de espécies florestais nativas em área de domínio ciliar. O estudo objetivou comparar os efeitos de diferentes fertilizantes de liberação lenta (FLL) com uma formulação convencional no crescimento a campo de mudas de Anadenanthera colubrina e Tabebuia avellanedae. As mudas foram plantadas com 55 g por cova de Basacote 3M, Basacote 6M, Basacote 9M, formulação 16-8-12, e uma testemunha (sem fertilização). As mensurações não destrutivas incluíam os incrementos em altura, diâmetro do coleto e número de folhas aos 90, 180, 270 e 360 dias após o plantio, e avaliações destrutivas da massa seca aérea e radicular em mudas escavadas aos 180 e 360 dias após o plantio. Os resultados revelaram maior incremento para o diâmetro do coleto e o número de folhas em A. colubrina com FLL, enquanto que mudas de T. avellanedae expressaram maiores respostas em incrementos de altura. As biomassas secas da raiz e aérea não foram influenciadas pela adição de fertilizantes na cova, apresentando apenas diferenças entre as espécies.Palavras-chave:  Crescimento inicial; Anadenanthera colubrina; Tabebuia avellanedae; fertilizante de liberação lenta. AbstractEffects of fertilizers applied to ipe roxo and angico during their seedlings planting. Slow release fertilizer (SRF) is a modern tool for seedling production. However, there are few reports on the effects of its application on initial growth of native forest species planted on repairing areas. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of SRF and a conventional fertilizer on initial growth of fields planted with Anadenanthera colubrine and Tabebuia avellanedae seedlings. Treatments included 55 g per planting hole of Basacote 3M, Basacote 6M, Basacote 9M, conventional fertilizer NPK (16-8-12) and a control (no fertilizer). Non destructive measurements included increments of root collar, length, and number of leaves at 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after planting date. Destructive measurements included dried biomass of above and bellow ground tissues, root length, and leaf area of three seedling randomly selected from each treatment. The results showed higher increments in root collar diameter and number of leaves for A. colubrine with SRF while T. avellanedae seedlings showed higher increments in plant height. Differences in relation to above and below ground dry masses were detected only between species at 180 and 360 days after planting date.Keywords: Initial growth; Anadenanthera colubrina; Tabebuia avellanedae; slow release fertilizer.
DESEMPENHO DE CINCO PROCEDÊNCIAS DE Grevillea robusta NO NORTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Leal Alex Carneiro , Ramos André Luiz Medeiros
Published: December 2014

A Grevillea robusta é uma espécie arbórea nativa das regiões subtropicais costeiras da Austrália. Foi uma das primeiras plantas da Austrália cultivada fora de sua área de ocorrência natural, principalmente como ornamental. Essa espécie é recomendada para plantio nas regiões mais quentes do Paraná, sendo apreciada para arborização de lavouras de café. Com o objetivo de comparar o desempenho de procedências de G. robusta, instalou-se um experimento no município de Londrina, PR. Quatro procedências australianas foram fornecidas pela Divisão Florestal da CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) e a procedência local foi coletada no município de Cianorte, PR. Aos 10 anos de idade, a produção volumétrica dos materiais importados foi superior à do material local em 68,5%, 61,2%, 50,6% e 39,7% para as procedências Boyd, Woodenbong, Wivenhoe e Emu Vale, respectivamente. Todas as procedências australianas apresentaram crescimento superior ao da fonte local comercial. A procedência Wivenhoe se destacou pelo crescimento em altura, enquanto a procedência Boyd apresentou maior crescimento diamétrico e em volume. Conclui-se que a substituição das fontes de sementes disponíveis comercialmente no Paraná por sementes de procedências selecionadas pode aumentar a produtividade de Grevillea robusta na região norte do Paraná.Palavras-chave: Grevillea robusta; teste de procedências; cultivos florestais.                                AbstractGrowth performance of Grevillea robusta provenances in northern Parana. Grevillea robusta, a native species of subtropical coastal areas of Australia, is successfully cultivated in several countries. It is recommended for planting in warmer regions of Paraná where it is the favourite species for intercropping with coffee. A trial established in Londrina County, Paraná state, aimed to compare growth performance in relation to different provenances of G. robusta. Among the tested provenances, there were four of them provided by CSIRO’s Division of Forestry and Forest Products and one provided by a local source, from Cianorte County, provided by Paraná State Environmental Institute. Ten years after field planting, wood volume produced by Australian provenances were 68.5%, 61.2%, 50.6% and 39.7% higher than that of the local seed source (respectively Boyd, Woodenbong, Wivenhoe and Emu Vale provenances). Wivenhoe provenance attained the highest height growth and Boyd provenance the best growth in diameter and volume. This suggests that productivity growth can be achieved by seed source replace.Keywords: Grevillea robusta; provenance trial; tree plantings.
ESTRUTURA HORIZONTAL DE UM TRECHO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA DAS TERRAS BAIXAS NA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA DE SOORETAMA, LINHARES, ES
Authors: Paula Alessandro de , Soares João Juares
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura fitossociológica horizontal de um trecho da vegetação arbórea de uma floresta de tabuleiro. Foi realizada uma amostragem fitossociológica em 100 parcelas contíguas de 10 x 10 m, sendo amostrados os indivíduos com PAP ≥ 15 cm. Construiu-se a distribuição diamétrica e estimou-se o padrão de distribuição espacial das espécies. Foram amostrados 1519 indivíduos, distribuídos entre 265 espécies, 138 gêneros e 44 famílias. O índice de Shannon (H’) estimado foi de 4,87 nats/ind. As espécies com os maiores VI foram Rinorea bahiensis (Moric.) Kuntze, Eriotheca macrophylla (K. Schum.) A. Robyns e Sterculia speciosa K. Schum. Em relação aos grupos ecológicos, as secundárias tardias obtiveram mais que o dobro do VC e VI das secundárias iniciais. A distribuição diamétrica apresentada pelas pioneiras foi truncada, sendo que a das secundárias iniciais foi ampla. A predominância de espécies tolerantes ao sombreamento nos estágios iniciais de crescimento reforça a ideia de que o estádio sucessional encontra-se avançado. Foram encontradas 10 espécies com padrão de distribuição espacial agregado e 29 aleatório.Palavras-chave:Fitossociologia; estrutura horizontal; Floresta Ombrófila Densa; floresta de tabuleiro; floresta atlântica. AbstractHorizontal structure of Ombrophilous dense forest of lowlands in Sooretama Biological Reserve, Linhares. This work aimed to analyze horizontal structure of arboreal vegetation from a “tableland” forest. A phytosociological sample was carried out on 100 contiguous plots of 10 X 10 meters. We sampled the individuals with PBH ≥ 15 cm, built up the diametric distribution and estimated spatial species distribution pattern. We sampled 1519 individuals, which were distributed into 265 species, 138 genera and 44 families. Shannon’s Index (H’) was estimated at 4.87 nats/ind. Species with the highest IV were Rinorea bahiensis (Moric.) Kuntze, Eriotheca macrophylla (K. Schum.) A. Robyns and Sterculia speciosa K. Schum. In relation to ecological groups, the late secondary species obtained CV and IV, twice as much as the early secondary ones. Pioneers presented truncated diametric distribution, as long as the early secondary had a broader one. Shadow tolerant species predominance reinforces that successional stadium is advanced. It had been found 10 species with aggregated spatial distribution and 29 random ones.Keywords:              Phytosociology; horizontal structure; Dense Ombrophilous Forest; tabuleiro forest; atlantic forest.
ESTUDOS DE UM BANCO DE SEMENTES NO SOLO DE UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL COM Araucaria angustifolia NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Souza Marcelo Lima de , Nogueira Antônio Carlos , Macedo Renato Luiz Grisi , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Venturin Nelson
Published: December 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o banco de sementes no solo de um fragmento florestal com Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. no estado do Paraná. Para isso, investigou-se a distribuição vertical das sementes, a influência do sombreamento sobre a emergência das plântulas, sua identificação e quantificação. A distribuição vertical de sementes em quatro camadas foi analisada através da identificação e quantificação das plântulas emergentes em casa de vegetação, levando em consideração o nível de sombreamento. Os dados referentes ao banco de sementes foram obtidos no período de 210 dias, por meio de identificação botânica e contagens semanais das plântulas germinadas das quatro profundidades de solo em quatro parcelas experimentais. As amostras foram colocadas para germinar sob 0 e 50% de sombreamento em casa de vegetação. Os resultados obtidos no estudo de banco de sementes permitiram as seguintes conclusões: o banco de sementes parece ser pobre em espécies arbóreas e abundante em espécies herbáceas; o banco de sementes das espécies arbóreas foi maior na segunda camada; ocorreu maior germinação sob 0% de sombreamento. Provavelmente, a estratégia de regeneração da maioria das espécies presentes nessa área de estudo parece não ser pelo banco de sementes no solo.Palavras-chave: Banco de sementes no solo; Araucaria angustifolia; fragmento florestal. AbstractSoil seed bank analysis in a forest fragment with Araucaria angustifolia, State of Parana. A research on soil seed bank had been developed in an Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. forest fragment in the State of Paraná. It had surveyed vertical distribution of seeds within the soil and shadow influence on seedling emergence, besides the improvement of their identification and quantity measuring. Vertical distribution of seeds in four soil layers had been analyzed by identification and quantification of germinated seedlings in greenhouse, with full light or 50% shaded conditions. Data related to seedlings of trees, weeds, grasses and lianas were calculated separately in weekly intervals during a 210-day period. Results suggested that the soil seed bank in this forest was poor in relation to tree species, in diversity as far as density. On the other hand, seeds of grasses and weeds decreased along vertical soil profile, and forest tree species tended to abundance in the 5-10 cm layer. Germination was higher with full light than in 50% shaded conditions. Probably, regeneration strategy for most species in this focused area doesn’t seem to be soil seed bank.Keywords: Soil seed bank; Araucaria angustifolia; forest fragment.
MODELOS POLINOMIAIS PARA REPRESENTAR O PERFIL E O VOLUME DO FUSTE DE Eucalyptus urophylla NA REGIÃO NORTE DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS
Authors: Miguel Eder Pereira , Machado Sebastião do Amaral , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Arce Julio Eduardo
Published: December 2014

A possibilidade de estimar o volume madeirável de um determinado empreendimento florestal e paralelamente a isso fazer a predição de múltiplos produtos advindos do mesmo, viabilizam significativos ganhos na administração dos povoamentos florestais. É claro e evidente que a estimativa precisa do volume de um povoamento florestal cada vez mais vem se tornando prática indispensável nas empresas ligadas ao setor madeireiro, e a possibilidade de agregar valores nas florestas, sejam plantadas ou nativas, é possível uma vez que haja meios de diversificar os produtos madeireiros, nos casos em que o resíduo da elaboração de um produto torna-se matéria-prima para elaboração de outro. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a acuracidade dos modelos polinomiais propostos por Schöepfer (1966), Kozak et al. (1969) e Hradetzky (1976), para estimativa de diâmetros e volumes ao longo do fuste de Eucalyptus urophylla, em plantio localizado no município de Niquelândia, no estado do Goiás. A base de dados foi composta por 48 árvores cubadas rigorosamente pelo método de Smalian. A avaliação da precisão dos modelos foi feita através da análise de resíduos, Erro Padrão Residual (Syx) e Coeficiente de Determinação (R²). O modelo que gerou as melhores estatísticas para a estimativa dos diâmetros ao longo do fuste foi o modelo proposto por Hradetzky (1976). Já para a estimativa do volume total com e sem casca, o polinômio do 5° grau proposto por Schöepfer (1966) foi um pouco superior.Palavras-chave: Modelagem; função de afilamento; volumetria. AbstractPolynomial models to represent profile and volume of Eucalyptus urophylla stem in north region of Goias State, Brazil. Timber volume estimates of a certain forest due to its multiple products prediction may increase incomes from forest stands management. It is already clear that precise volume survey of a forest is essential to timber companies in order to increase commercial value to forests (native or planted ones), even by diversification of products, transforming residues into raw material. This research has as its main aim to evaluate accuracy of polynomial models proposed by Schöpfer (1966), Kozak et al. (1969) and Hradetzky (1976) to estimate diameter and volume along Eucalyptus urophylla stem, in the region of Niquelândia, Goiás State. The database was composed by 48 trees that had their absolute volume calculate by the Smalian method. The models precision was evaluated by analysis of residuals, the Standard error of estimate (Syx) and the determination coefficient (R²). The model that produced the best statistics for diameter estimation along the stem was the model proposed by Hradetzky (1976), as well as the 5th degree model proposed by Schöepfer (1966) proved to be superior to estimate total volume.Keywords: Modeling; taper function; volumetry.
PROJEÇÕES DA PRODUÇÃO DE CELULOSE DE FIBRA CURTA NO BRASIL
Authors: Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Mendes Ana Flávia Neves , Ataíde Glauciana da Mata , Costa Júlia Melo Franco Neves , Vieira João Paulo Guimarães , Santos Rosimeire Cavalcante dos , Soares Carlos Pedro Boechat , Araújo Júnior Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2014

Com base em uma série temporal anual de produção de celulose de fibra curta no Brasil no período de 1950 a 2009, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar a eficiência da metodologia Box & Jenkins em prever a produção. O modelo mais adequado foi escolhido com base nos critérios de AIC e SCH, na significância dos coeficientes, no princípio de parcimônia e no comportamento dos resíduos. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que o modelo ARIMA (2,2,1) é adequado para prever a produção de celulose de fibra curta no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Celulose de fibra curta; séries temporais; metodologia Box & Jenkins. AbstractProjections of short fiber cellulose production in Brazil. Based on an annual production series of hardwood pulp in Brazil from 1950 to 2009, this study aimed to analyze efficiency of the Box & Jenkins methodology to forecast production. The most appropriate model was chosen based on the AIC and SCH criteria, on the significance of coefficients, on the principle of parsimony and residual behavior. The results points to the ARIMA (2,2,1) model as the most adequate to forecast the hardwood pulp production in Brazil.Keywords: Hardwood pulp; time series; Box & Jenkins methodology.
Une cause rare de dysurie chez la femme : le léiomyome de l’urètre et du col vésical
Authors: Benazzouz Mohamed Hicham , Laadam Karima , Essatara Younes , Elsayegh Hachem , Iken Ali , Benslimane Lounis , Jahid Ahmed , Nouini Yassine
Published: December 2014

Le léiomyome de l’urètre est une tumeur bénigne rare constituée detissus musculaires lisses. Cette tumeur se traduit par une variété designes cliniques ; le recours à l’histologie est donc nécessaire pourposer le diagnostic. Le traitement de choix est l’exérèse chirurgicale.Aucun cas de dégénérescence maligne n’a été signalé jusqu’àprésent, mais une récidive locale est possible en cas d’exérèseincomplète. Les auteurs font état d’un nouveau cas de léiomyomeintéressant à la fois le col vésical et l’urètre, et se traduisant par ladysurie chez une patiente ; ils proposent également une revue dela littérature concernant cette pathologie.
The effect of video-based education on patient anxiety in men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy
Authors: Tarhan Huseyin , Cakmak Ozgur , Unal Elif , Akarken Ilker , Un Sitki , Ekin Rahmi Gokhan , Konyalioglu Ersin , Isoglu Cemal Selcuk , Zorlu Ferruh
Published: December 2014

Introduction: We assess the effect of video-based education on patient anxiety during transrectal prostate biopsy.Methods: A total of 246 patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy were prospectively enrolled in the study. Group 1 included 123 patients who received both written and video-based education, while Group 2 included 123 patients who received only written instructions regarding prostate biopsies. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess state and trait anxiety (STAI-S/T). After completing the STAI-S and STAI-T questionnaires, all patients in Group 1 received written information and video-based education and they again completed STAI-S before the biopsy. On the contrary, after completing the STAI-S and STAI-T questionnaires, the patients in Group 2 received only written information and then they completed the STAI-S before the biopsy. Moreover, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain scores during digital rectal examination, probe insertion, periprostatic local anesthesic infiltration, and biopsy.Results: No difference was noted between 2 groups regarding VAS scores. Comparing the 2 groups on baseline anxiety, we found that trait anxiety scores (STAI-T) were similar (p = 0.238). Preinformation STAI-S scores were similar in both groups (p = 0.889) and they both indicated high anxiety levels (score ≥42). While post-information STAI-S scores remained high in Group 2, post-information STAI-S scores significantly decreased in Group 1 (p = 0.01).Conclusions: Undergoing a prostate biopsy is stressful and may cause anxiety for patients. Video-based education about the procedure can diminish patient anxiety.
Is semen analysis necessary prior to the commencement of testosterone supplementation therapy in men of reproductive age?
Authors: Pan Michael , Ramasamy Ranjith , Kovac Jason Ronald
Published: December 2014

A semen analysis (SA) should be performed on all men of reproductive age prior to the commencement of testosterone supplementation therapy (TST).  A baseline SA has numerous benefits including the ability to unmask occult azoospermia, act as a baseline measure of reproductive function, and provide a recovery target for management of TST-induced testicular dysfunction.  Physicians treating men of reproductive age with TST should incorporate SA as part of their initial treatment protocol.
Urethro-urethral fistula: A rare cause of post-TURP incontinence
Authors: Moorthy Krishna , Pillai Biju S.
Published: December 2014

Prostatic abscess rarely follows acute prostatitis and can sometimes lead to a fistula by breaking into the prostatic urethra, peri-rectal tissues, the perineum, or the rectum. We report a case of a prostatic abscess tracking into the bulbar urethra after a transurethral resection of the prostate. This created a fistula, mimicking a urethral duplication and leading to urinary incontinence.
Practice patterns and perceptions of survivorship care in Canadian genitourinary oncology: A multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Almatar Ashraf , Richter Suzanne , Lalani Nafisha , Bender Jackie L. , Wiljer David , Alkazaz Nour , Legere Laura , Maganti Manjula , Sridhar Srikala S. , Catton Pamela P. , Jewett Michael A.S.
Published: December 2014

Introduction: There is little knowledge of survivorship care specific to genitourinary (GU) cancers. To improve care delivery to this patient population, we need to clearly define physician perceptions of survivorship care. We therefore conducted a study to determine the challenges to GU cancer survivorship care in Canada.Methods: A web-based questionnaire was e-mailed to physicians treating GU cancers in Canada, including urologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. Five domains were assessed: demography, current post-cancer treatment care, perspectives on barriers to survivorship care, accessibility to survivorship resources, and perspectives about advocacy groups.Results: There were 306 responses, with 260 eligible for study. A total of 82% of physicians involve primary care practitioners (PCPs) at some point in survivorship care. Most physicians provide some form of written follow-up plan to PCPs. However, only 25% provided lifestyle recommendations and 53% included persistent and late effects of therapy. Lack of time or resources dedicated to survivorship care was the most commonly reported barrier. There was variation in accessibility to survivorship support programs among different subspecialties and regions. Advocacy groups generally were underutilized, particularly in testis cancer. Low response rate and the potential response bias are the main limitations of this survey.Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first study to address the challenges of GU cancer survivorship care in Canada. The barriers and accessibility of survivorship care quoted in this survey may be used to improve care for this group of patients. Underutilization of advocacy groups may stimulate the advocacy groups and institutions to address its causes and solutions.
Complete response to ethnylestradiol prolonged for almost two years in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hongo Hiroshi , Kosaka Takeo , Oya Mototsugu
Published: December 2014

An 80-year-old man with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 120 ng/mL) presented to the hospital in February 2011. A prostate needle biopsy was performed, and pathological examination revealed prostatic adenocarcinoma. The Gleason score was 4+5=9. Computed tomography revealed metastases of the pelvic lymph nodes. Combined androgen blockade was started. The PSA concentration decreased to 1.68 ng/mL, but started increasing again in August 2012 to 6.08 ng/mL. Although bicalutamide was discontinued due to antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome, the PSA concentration increased even more. The PSA concentration reached 21.62 ng/mL in September 2012, at which time ethnylestradiol was started. The PSA concentration decreased again and has remained below the limit of sensitivity for almost 2 years. To our knowledge, this is first case report describing a complete response to ethnylestradiol that lasted for almost 2 years in a patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer.