bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cold plasma synthesis of hierarchical MOF-based nanocomposites with improved electrochemical properties for energy storage devices
Authors: Karimzadeh Z. , Shokri B. , Morsali A.
Published: September 2023

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become known as an attractive group of materials for energy storage applications because of their spectacular characteristics, like porous properties, tunable chemical compositions, and adaptable geometry morphologies. Herein, we produce hierarchical nanostructures based on MOF-71 by using a straightforward one-pot cold plasma method to prepare a high-performance dual Ni/Co-MOF-reduced graphene oxide (Ni/Co-MOF@rGO) material as a supercapacitor electrode. Interestingly, the as-synthesized nanostructure displays a special morphology with superior energy storage capability (3093.72 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). Furthermore, we fabricated an asymmetric device using Ni/Co-MOF@rGO as a high-rate positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode (Ni/Co-MOF@rGOǁAC). This hybrid device presents an impressive specific energy of 81.82 W h k g−1, a specific power of 2750 W k g−1, and superior cycling stability (94.7% initial capacity retention after 3700 cycles) at a current density of 1 A g−1. The synergistic effect of metal cores and reduced graphene oxide features in a cold plasma atmosphere produced a hierarchical three-dimensional nanostructure with more electroactive sites, which was advantageous for high-efficiency redox processes. This work clearly states the cold-plasma synthesis of MOF nanocomposite with desired morphological characteristics for energy storage applications.
Continuous constant potential model for describing the potential-dependent energetics of CO2RR on single atom catalysts
Authors: Lv Xin-Mao , Zhao Hong-Yan , Wang Yang-Gang
Published: September 2023

In this work, we have proposed a Continuous Constant Potential Model (CCPM) based on grand canonical density functional theory for describing the electrocatalytic thermodynamics on single atom electrocatalysts dispersed on graphene support. The linearly potential-dependent capacitance is introduced to account for the net charge variation of the electrode surface and to evaluate the free energetics. We have chosen the CO2 electro-reduction reaction on single-copper atom catalysts, dispersed by nitrogen-doped graphene [CuNX@Gra (X = 2, 4)], as an example to show how our model can predict the potential-dependent free energetics. We have demonstrated that the net charges of both catalyst models are quadratically correlated with the applied potentials and, thus, the quantum capacitance is linearly dependent on the applied potentials, which allows us to continuously quantify the potential effect on the free energetics during the carbon dioxide reduction reaction instead of confining it to a specific potential. On the CuN4@Gra model, it is suggested that CO2 adsorption, coupled with an electron transfer, is a potential determining step that is energetically unfavorable even under high overpotentials. Interestingly, the hydrogen adsorption on CuN4@Gra is extremely easy to occur at both the Cu and N sites, which probably results in the reconstruction of the CuN4@Gra catalyst, as reported by many experimental observations. On CuN2@Gra, the CO2RR is found to exhibit a higher activity at the adjacent C site, and the potential determining step is shifted to the *CO formation step at a wide potential range. In general, CCPM provides a simple method for studying the free energetics for the electrocatalytic reactions under constant potential.
Frustrated magnetism of the spin-1 kagome antiferromagnet β-BaNi3(VO4)2(OH)2
Authors: Li Boqiang , Wan Zongtang , Song Yiru , Ma Zhaohua , Zhao Yuqian , Wang Junfeng , Li Yuesheng
Published: September 2023

We propose the newly synthesized β-BaNi3(VO4)2(OH)2 (space group:

R

3
‾

m

) as a candidate for the spin-1 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHA). The compound features a uniform kagome lattice of Ni2+ (S = 1) ions with a large interlayer distance. High-field measurements at low temperatures reveal a susceptibility local minimum at ∼9 T, resembling a 1/3 magnetization plateau as predicted by the pure S = 1 KHA model. Below ∼6 K, approximately 1% of the spins exhibit spin-glass order, which may be attributed to the nanocrystalline grain size of ∼50 nm. Despite the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling strength of ∼7 K, the majority of spins remain disordered down to ∼0.1 K as indicated by the observed power-law behaviors in magnetic specific heat

C

m

∝

T

1.4

. Our results demonstrate that the low-energy magnetic excitations in β-BaNi3(VO4)2(OH)2 are gapless, which contradicts the current theoretical expectations of the ideal model.
Elucidating the capacitive behavior of Gd-doped BNT-BKT-BT electrodes in All-in-One supercapacitor devices
Authors: Buldu-Akturk Merve , Kemal Gozuacik Namik , Hasan Aleinawi Mohamad , Rostas Arpad Mihai , Alkoy Sedat , Mensur Ebru , Erdem Emre
Published: September 2023

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 (BNT-BKT-BT) ceramics having various amounts of Gd-ions were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method. The electrochemical performance analysis of the Gd-doped BNT-BKT-BT ceramics has shown that the doping amount considerably impacts the BNT-BKT-BT electrode’s electrochemical performance. The analysis of the defect centers was carried out using EPR spectroscopy. The samples showed paramagnetic defects in the EPR analysis. The 0.001 mol% Gd-doped BNT-BKT-BT showed a maximum signal intensity with partly resolved hyperfine lines, reaching the highest specific capacitance value of 612 Fg−1. The EPR results were compared with the prototype BaTiO3 perovskite ceramic and concluded that the BNT-BKT-BT system has an extremely large strain, which hinders determining the spin-Hamiltonian parameters such as crystal field and hyperfine due to inhomogeneous line broadenings.
Analog and mixed circuit analysis of nanosheet FET at elevated temperatures
Authors: N Aruna Kumari , V Bharath Sreenivasulu , Singh Jawar
Published: September 2023

In this paper, for the first time, the performance of 3D Nanosheet FETs (NSFETs) is reported in the inversion (INV), accumulation (ACC), and junctionless (JL) modes at elevated temperatures. It is observed that, as the temperature increases from 25 °C to 200 °C, a decrement of 68% in mobility is observed for INV mode. In contrast, an increment of around 29% in mobility is observed for ACC and JL modes owing to the less scattering effects. Various crucial DC and analog/RF figures of merit (FOMs), such as SS, DIBL, gm, f
T, etc, are assessed for different temperatures in all three modes. Further, the impact of temperature on circuit performance is demonstrated. From the circuit analyses, at 25 °C, an increment of around 12% in propagation delay is noticed for the JL and ACC mode inverter compared to the INV mode inverter due to higher I
ON for INV mode. However, at 200 °C, JL inverter outperforms INV and ACC modes because of an increment in mobility. Moreover, for ring oscillator (RO), an oscillation frequency of 43.39 GHz, 38.9 GHz and 38.8 GHz for INV, ACC and JL mode ROs at 25 °C, whereas oscillation frequencies of 27.08 GHz, 39.2 GHz and 42.88 GHz are noticed for INV, ACC and JL mode ROs at 200 °C respectively. Though JL NSFET offers less intrinsic capacitances, at 25 °C, the frequency of oscillations (f
osc) is high for INV mode because of higher I
ON. Whereas, at 200 °C, the JL mode outperforms due to the absence of mobility degradation with temperature. These results will give an understanding of this future generation device at both device and circuit levels.
Verifiable anonymous quantum communication with authentication based on d-level single-particle states
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Mu Qingxia , Wang Qingle , Li Guodong , Zhang Zhichao
Published: September 2023

Anonymous quantum communication (AQC) enables the secure transmission of classical and quantum messages while preserving the anonymity of the sender, receiver, or both. Qudits, quantum states with more advantages than qubits in terms of information transmission rate and eavesdropping detection, offer promising capabilities. In this paper, we propose a verifiable AQC (VAQC) protocol utilizing d-level single-particle states, establishing anonymous entanglement between a public sender and an anonymous receiver. By using quantum teleportation, the public sender can transmit private information to his/her chosen anonymous receiver. The verifiable function of the proposed protocol guarantees the legitimacy of all participants’ identities and verifies the correctness of the anonymous entanglement. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed VAQC protocol satisfies the requirements of correctness, anonymity, and security. The proposed VAQC protocol exhibits extensibility and can be extended to enable private communication between an anonymous sender and an anonymous receiver, as well as anonymous entanglement among multiple participants. This work lays the foundation for practical applications in achieving d-level anonymous entanglement and anonymous transmission of qudits.
Evaluation of susceptor-assisted microwave-sintering-produced Al-Y2O3 composite material's compression and reciprocating wear performance
Authors: Bhoi Neeraj Kumar , Singh Harpreet
Published: September 2023

The manufacturing of a composite material out of aluminium (Al) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) was achieved via the use of the microwave hybrid sintering method, which is an energy-efficient and eco-friendly production process. Compression and dry reciprocating wear tests are conducted on the manufactured material to learn more about the function of reinforcing particles in composites. The exothermic temperature marginally shifts (1 °C) when Y2O3 reinforcement is added to the Al matrix. The average micro hardness of composites with 2 wt.% Y2O3 is 43 Hv, which is an improvement over the previous value of 36 Hv. In addition, the composite material’s compressive strength improved by 38.78% in comparison to that of Al. In a dry reciprocating wear test, the composite material with 2 wt% Y2O3 nanoparticle showed a reduction in mass loss of 20%. The even distribution of reinforcing components throughout the material and the advent of intermetallic Al3Y in composites are likely responsible for this.
A dark matter probe in accreting pulsar-black hole binaries
Authors: Akil Ali , Ding Qianhang
Published: September 2023

The accretion of dark matter (DM) into astrophysical black holes slowly increases their
mass. The rate of this mass accretion depends on the DM model and the model parameters. If this
mass accretion effect can be measured accurately enough, it is possible to rule out some DM
models, and, with the sufficient technology and the help of other DM constraints, possibly confirm
one model. We propose a DM probe based on accreting pulsar-black hole binaries, which provide a
high-precision measurement on binary orbital phase shifts induced by DM accretion into black
holes, and can help rule out DM models and study the nature of DM.
Optimized loading of ultracold Cs atoms in a magnetic levitated optical dipole trap
Authors: Feng Guosheng , Qiao Zhixing , Yin Tao , Wu Jizhou , Zhang Hui
Published: September 2023

We presented a comprehensive study of optimized loading of ultracold Cs atoms in a magnetic levitated crossed dipole trap. Moreover, we analyzed the optimized experimental parameters of the dipole laser for the opening time and the power intensity prior to switching on the magnetic field which formed the magnetically levitated dipole trap. The number of atoms as the function of sweep time from distinct laser power intensity to a fixed one is measured. And beyond that, the variation of atoms with the dipole laser power intensity per beam was studied experimentally ranging from 0 W cm−2 to a fixed one for loading the dipole trap, and the number of atoms can be increased up to a maximum of ∼1.67 × 106. Our research demonstrates that the ‘pre-loading process’ plays a crucial role in enhancing the loading efficiency of an optical dipole trap.
Adaptive interaction driven by the learning effect in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma
Authors: Li 李 Jiaqi 佳奇 , Zhang 张 Jianlei 建磊 , Liu 刘 Qun 群
Published: September 2023

We propose a computing model in which individuals can automatically adjust their interaction intensity with their mentor according to the learning effect. This model is designed to investigate the cooperative dynamics of the spatial prisoner’s dilemma. More specifically, when the cumulative payoff of a learner is more than his reference earning, he will strengthen his interaction with his mentor; otherwise, he will reduce it. The experimental results indicate that this mechanism can improve the emergence of cooperation in a networked population and that the driving coefficient of interaction intensity plays an important role in promoting cooperation. Interestingly, under a certain social dilemma condition, there exists a minimal driving coefficient that leads to optimal cooperation. This occurs due to a positive feedback effect between the individual’s satisfaction frequency and the number of effective neighbors. Moreover, we find that the experimental results are in accord with theoretical predictions obtained from an extension of the classical pair-approximation method. Our conclusions obtained by considering relationships with mentors can provide a new perspective for future investigations into the dynamics of evolutionary games within structured populations.
From breather solutions to lump solutions: A construction method for the Zakharov equation
Authors: Yuan 袁 Feng 丰 , Ghanbari Behzad , Zhang 张 Yongshuai 永帅 , Wazwaz Abdul Majid
Published: September 2023

Periodic solutions of the Zakharov equation are investigated. By performing the limit operation λ
2l–1 → λ
1 on the eigenvalues of the Lax pair obtained from the n-fold Darboux transformation, an order-n breather-positon solution is first obtained from a plane wave seed. It is then proven that an order-n lump solution can be further constructed by taking the limit λ
1 → λ
0 on the breather-positon solution, because the unique eigenvalue λ
0 associated with the Lax pair eigenfunction Ψ(λ
0) = 0 corresponds to the limit of the infinite-periodic solutions. A convenient procedure of generating higher-order lump solutions of the Zakharov equation is also investigated based on the idea of the degeneration of double eigenvalues in multi-breather solutions.
In-plane uniaxial-strain tuning of superconductivity and charge-density wave in CsV3Sb5
Authors: Yang 杨 Xiaoran 晓冉 , Tang 唐 Qi 绮 , Zhou 周 Qiuyun 秋韵 , Wang 王 Huaiping 怀平 , Li 李 Yi 意 , Fu 付 Xue 雪 , Zhang 张 Jiawen 加文 , Song 宋 Yu 宇 , Yuan 袁 Huiqiu 辉球 , Dai 戴 Pengcheng 鹏程 , Lu 鲁 Xingye 兴业
Published: September 2023

The kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5 with exotic electronic properties has attracted substantial research interest, and the interplay between the superconductivity and the charge-density wave is crucial for understanding its unusual electronic ground state. In this work, we performed resistivity and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements on CsV3Sb5 single crystals uniaxially-strained along [100] and [110] directions. We find that the uniaxial-strain tuning effect of T
c (dT
c/dε) and T
CDW (dT
CDW/dε) are almost identical along these distinct high-symmetry directions. These findings suggest the in-plane uniaxial-strain-tuning of T
c and T
CDW in CsV3Sb5 are dominated by associated c-axis strain, whereas the response to purely in-plane strains is likely small.
Tackling policy leakage and targeting hotspots could be key to addressing the ‘Wicked’ challenge of nutrient pollution from corn production in the U.S.
Authors: Liu Jing , Bowling Laura , Kucharik Christopher , Jame Sadia , Baldos Uris , Jarvis Larissa , Ramankutty Navin , Hertel Thomas
Published: September 2023

Reducing nutrient loss from agriculture to improve water quality requires a combination of management practices. However, it has been unclear what pattern of mitigation is likely to emerge from different policies, individually and combined, and the consequences for local and national land use and farm returns. We address this research gap by constructing an integrated multi-scale framework for evaluating alternative nitrogen loss management policies for corn production in the US. This approach combines site- and practice-specific agro-ecosystem processes with a grid-resolving economic model to identify locations that can be prioritized to increase the economic efficiency of the policies. We find that regional measures, albeit effective in reducing local nitrogen loss, can displace corn production to the area where nitrogen fertilizer productivity is low and nutrient loss rate is high, thereby offsetting the overall effectiveness of the nutrient management strategy. This spatial spillover effect can be suppressed by implementing the partial measures in tandem with nationwide policies. Wetland restoration combined with split fertilizer application, along with a nitrogen loss tax could reduce nitrate nitrogen loss to the Mississippi River by 30% while only increasing corn prices by less than 2%.
Exploring the environmental drivers of vegetation seasonality changes in the northern extratropical latitudes: a quantitative analysis
*
Authors: Kong Xiangxu , Mao Jiafu , Chen Haishan , Wang Yaoping , Zhang Yulong , Shi Xiaoying , Jin Mingzhou
Published: September 2023

Vegetation seasonality in the northern extratropical latitudes (NEL) has changed dramatically, but our understanding of how it responds to climate change (e.g. temperature, soil moisture, shortwave radiation) and human activities (e.g. elevated CO2 concentration) remains insufficient. In this study, we used two remote-sensing-based leaf area index and factorial simulations from the TRENDY models to attribute the changes in the integrated vegetation seasonality index (S), which captures both the concentration and magnitude of vegetation growth throughout the year, to climate, CO2, and land use and land cover change (LULCC). We found that from 2003 to 2020, the enhanced average S in the NEL (MODIS: 0.0022 yr−1, p < 0.05; GLOBMAP: 0.0018 yr−1, p < 0.05; TRENDY S3 [i.e. the scenario considering both time-varying climate, CO2, and LULCC]: 0.0011 ± 7.5174 × 10−4 yr−1, p < 0.05) was primarily determined by the elevated CO2 concentration (5.3 × 10−4 ± 3.8 × 10−4 yr−1, p < 0.05) and secondly controlled by the combined climate change (4.6 × 10−4 ± 6.6 × 10−4 yr−1, p > 0.1). Geographically, negative trends in the vegetation growth concentration were dominated by climate change (31.4%), while both climate change (47.9%) and CO2 (31.9%) contributed to the enhanced magnitude of vegetation growth. Furthermore, around 60% of the study areas showed that simulated major climatic drivers of S variability exhibited the same dominant factor as observed in either the MODIS or GLOBMAP data. Our research emphasizes the crucial connection between environmental factors and vegetation seasonality, providing valuable insights for policymakers and land managers in developing sustainable ecosystem management strategies amidst a changing climate.
Generalized elastic translating solitons
Authors: Pámpano Álvaro
Published: September 2023

We study translating soliton solutions to the flow by powers of the curvature of curves in the plane. We characterize these solitons as critical curves for functionals depending on the curvature. More precisely, translating solitons to the flow by powers of the curvature are shown to be generalized elastic curves. In particular, focusing on the curve shortening flow, we deduce a new variational characterization of the grim reaper curve.
Quasisymmetric embeddings of slit Sierpiński carpets
Authors: Hakobyan Hrant , Li Wen-Bo
Published: September 2023

We study the problem of quasisymmetrically embedding spaces homeomorphic to the Sierpiński carpet into the plane. In the case of so called dyadic slit carpets, several characterizations are obtained. One characterization is in terms of a Transboundary Loewner Property (TLP) which is a transboundary analogue of the Loewner property of Heinonen and Koskela [Acta Math. 181 (1998), pp. 1–61]. We show that a dyadic slit carpet can be quasisymmetrically embedded into the plane if and only if it is TLP. Moreover, every dyadic slit carpetXXcan be associated to a “pillowcase sphere”X^\widehat {X}which is a metric space homeomorphic to the sphereS2\mathbb {S}^2. We show thatXXquasisymmetrically embeds into the plane if and only ifX^\widehat {X}is quasisymmetric toS2\mathbb {S}^2if and only ifX^\widehat {X}is Ahlfors22-regular.
Balance constants for Coxeter groups
Authors: Gaetz Christian , Gao Yibo
Published: September 2023

The

1

/

3

1/3

-

2

/

3

2/3

Conjecture, originally formulated in 1968, is one of the best-known open problems in the theory of posets, stating that the balance constant of any non-total order is at least

1

/

3

1/3

. By reinterpreting balance constants of posets in terms of convex subsets of the symmetric group, we extend the study of balance constants to convex subsets

C
C

of any Coxeter group. Remarkably, we conjecture that the lower bound of

1

/

3

1/3

still applies in any finite Weyl group, with new and interesting equality cases appearing.

We generalize several of the main results towards the

1

/

3

1/3

-

2

/

3

2/3

Conjecture to this new setting: we prove our conjecture when

C
C

is a weak order interval below a fully commutative element in any acyclic Coxeter group (a generalization of the case of width-two posets), we give a uniform lower bound for balance constants in all finite Weyl groups using a new generalization of order polytopes to this context, and we introduce generalized semiorders for which we resolve the conjecture.

We hope this new perspective may shed light on the proper level of generality in which to consider the

1

/

3

1/3

-

2

/

3

2/3

Conjecture, and therefore on which methods are likely to be successful in resolving it.
𝐿-values of harmonic Maass forms
Authors: Diamantis Nikolaos , Rolen Larry
Published: September 2023

Bruinier, Funke, and Imamoglu have proved a formula for what can philosophically be called the “central

L
L

-value” of the modular

j
j

-invariant. Previously, this had been heuristically suggested by Zagier. Here, we interpret this “

L
L

-value” as the value of an actual

L
L

-series, and extend it to all integral arguments and to a large class of harmonic Maass forms which includes all weakly holomorphic cusp forms. The context and relation to previously defined

L
L

-series for weakly holomorphic and harmonic Maass forms are discussed. These formulas suggest possible arithmetic or geometric meaning of

L
L

-values in these situations. The key ingredient of the proof is to apply a recent theory of Lee, Raji, and the authors to describe harmonic Maass

L
L

-functions using test functions.
A dynamic capillarity equation with stochastic forcing on manifolds: A singular limit problem
Authors: Karlsen Kenneth , Kunzinger Michael , Mitrovic Darko
Published: September 2023

We consider a dynamic capillarity equation with stochastic forcing on a compact Riemannian manifold

(
M
,
g
)

(M,g)

:
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d left-parenthesis u Subscript epsilon comma delta Baseline minus delta normal upper Delta u Subscript epsilon comma delta Baseline right-parenthesis plus d i v German f Subscript epsilon Baseline left-parenthesis bold x comma u Subscript epsilon comma delta Baseline right-parenthesis d t equals epsilon normal upper Delta u Subscript epsilon comma delta Baseline d t plus normal upper Phi left-parenthesis bold x comma u Subscript epsilon comma delta Baseline right-parenthesis d upper W Subscript t Baseline comma">

d

(

u

ε
,
δ

−
δ
Δ

u

ε
,
δ

)

+
d
i
v

f

ε

(

x

,

u

ε
,
δ

)

d
t
=
ε
Δ

u

ε
,
δ

d
t
+
Φ
(

x

,

u

ε
,
δ

)

d

W
t

,

\begin{equation*} d \left (u_{\varepsilon ,\delta } -\delta \Delta u_{\varepsilon ,\delta }\right ) +div\mathfrak {f}_{\varepsilon }(\mathbf {x}, u_{\varepsilon ,\delta })\, dt =\varepsilon \Delta u_{\varepsilon ,\delta }\, dt + \Phi (\mathbf {x}, u_{\varepsilon ,\delta })\, dW_t, \end{equation*}

where

f

ε

\mathfrak {f}_{\varepsilon }

is a sequence of smooth vector fields converging in

L
p

(
M
×

R

)

L^p(M\times \mathbb {R})

(

p
>
2

p>2

) as

ε
↓
0

\varepsilon \downarrow 0

towards a vector field

f

∈

L
p

(
M
;

C
1

(

R

)
)

\mathfrak {f}\in L^p(M;C^1(\mathbb {R}))

, and

W
t

W_t

is a Wiener process defined on a filtered probability space. First, for fixed values of

ε
\varepsilon

and

δ
\delta

, we establish the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the Cauchy problem for the above-stated equation. Assuming that

f

\mathfrak {f}

is non-degenerate and that

ε
\varepsilon

and

δ
\delta

tend to zero with

δ

/

ε
2

\delta /\varepsilon ^2

bounded, we show that there exists a subsequence of solutions that strongly converges in

L

ω
,
t
,

x

1

L^1_{\omega ,t,\mathbf {x}}

to a martingale solution of the following stochastic conservation law with discontinuous flux:

d
u
+
d
i
v

f

(

x

,
u
)

d
t
=
Φ
(
u
)

d

W
t

.

\begin{equation*} d u +div\mathfrak {f}(\mathbf {x}, u)\,dt =\Phi (u)\, dW_t. \end{equation*}

The proofs make use of Galerkin approximations, kinetic formulations as well as

H
H

-measures and new velocity averaging results for stochastic continuity equations. The analysis relies on the use of a.s. representations of random variables in some particular quasi-Polish spaces. The convergence framework developed here can be applied to other singular limit problems for stochastic conservation laws.
Noncommutative linear systems and noncommutative elliptic curves
Authors: Chan Daniel , Nyman Adam
Published: September 2023

In this paper we introduce a noncommutative analogue of the notion of linear system, which we call a helix

L

_

≔
(

L

i

)

i
∈

Z

\underline {\mathcal {L}} ≔(\mathcal {L}_{i})_{i \in \mathbb {Z}}

in an abelian category

C

\mathsf {C}

over a quadratic

Z

\mathbb {Z}

-indexed algebra

A
A

. We show that, under natural hypotheses, a helix induces a morphism of noncommutative spaces from Proj 

E
n
d
(

L

_

)

End(\underline {\mathcal {L}})

to Proj  

A
A

. We construct examples of helices of vector bundles on elliptic curves generalizing the elliptic helices of line bundles constructed by Bondal-Polishchuk, where

A
A

is the quadratic part of

B
≔
E
n
d
(

L

_

)

B≔End(\underline {\mathcal {L}})

. In this case, we identify

B
B

as the quotient of the Koszul algebra

A
A

by a normal family of regular elements of degree 3, and show that Proj  

B
B

is a noncommutative elliptic curve in the sense of Polishchuk [J. Geom. Phys. 50 (2004), pp. 162–187]. One interprets this as embedding the noncommutative elliptic curve as a cubic divisor in some noncommutative projective plane, hence generalizing some well-known results of Artin-Tate-Van den Bergh.
A Sobolev estimate for radial 𝐿^{𝑝}-multipliers on a class of semi-simple Lie groups
Authors: Caspers Martijn
Published: September 2023

Let

G
G

be a semi-simple Lie group in the Harish-Chandra class with maximal compact subgroup

K
K

. Let

Ω
K

\Omega _K

be minus the radial Casimir operator. Let
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="one fourth dimension left-parenthesis upper G slash upper K right-parenthesis greater-than upper S Subscript upper G Baseline greater-than one half dimension left-parenthesis upper G slash upper K right-parenthesis comma s element-of left-parenthesis 0 comma upper S Subscript upper G Baseline right-bracket">

1
4

dim
⁡
(
G

/

K
)
>

S
G

>

1
2

dim
⁡
(
G

/

K
)
,
s
∈
(
0
,

S
G

]

\frac {1}{4} \dim (G/K) > S_G > \frac {1}{2} \dim (G/K) , s \in (0, S_G]

and

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

p \in (1,\infty )

be such that
\[

|

1
p

−

1
2

|

>

s

2

S
G

.

\left | \frac {1}{p} - \frac {1}{2} \right | > \frac {s}{2 S_G}.

\]
Then, there exists a constant

C

G
,
s
,
p

>
0

C_{G,s,p} >0

such that for every

m
∈

L
∞

(
G
)
∩

L
2

(
G
)

m \in L^\infty (G) \cap L^2(G)

bi-

K
K

-invariant with

m
∈
D
o
m
(

Ω
K
s

)

m \in Dom(\Omega _K^s)

and

Ω
K
s

(
m
)
∈

L

2

S
G

/

s

(
G
)

\Omega _K^s(m) \in L^{2S_G/s}(G)

we have,
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar upper T Subscript m Baseline colon upper L Superscript p Baseline left-parenthesis ModifyingAbove upper G With caret right-parenthesis right-arrow upper L Superscript p Baseline left-parenthesis ModifyingAbove upper G With caret right-parenthesis double-vertical-bar less-than-or-equal-to upper C Subscript upper G comma s comma p Baseline double-vertical-bar normal upper Omega Subscript upper K Superscript s Baseline left-parenthesis m right-parenthesis double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Superscript 2 upper S Sub Super Subscript upper G Sub Superscript slash s Subscript left-parenthesis upper G right-parenthesis Baseline comma">

‖

T
m

:

L
p

(

G
^

)
→

L
p

(

G
^

)
‖
≤

C

G
,
s
,
p

‖

Ω
K
s

(
m
)

‖

L

2

S
G

/

s

(
G
)

,

\begin{equation} \Vert T_m: L^p(\widehat {G}) \rightarrow L^p(\widehat {G}) \Vert \leq C_{G, s,p} \Vert \Omega _K^s(m) \Vert _{L^{2S_G/s}(G)}, \end{equation}

where

T
m

T_m

is the Fourier multiplier with symbol

m
m

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SPAK-dependent cotransporter activity mediates capillary adhesion and pressure during glioblastoma migration in confined spaces
Authors: Lee Sung Hoon , Yousafzai Muhammad Sulaiman , Mohler Kyle , Yadav Vikrant , Amiri Sorosh , Szuszkiewicz Joanna , Levchenko Andre , Rinehart Jesse , Murrell Michael
Published: September 2023

The invasive potential of glioblastoma cells is attributed to large changes in pressure and volume, driven by diverse elements, including the cytoskeleton and ion cotransporters.  However, how the cell actuates changes in pressure and volume in confinement, and how these changes contribute to invasive motion is unclear. Here, we inhibited SPAK activity, with known impacts on the cytoskeleton and cotransporter activity and explored its role on the migration of glioblastoma cells in confining microchannels to model invasive spread through brain tissue. First, we found that confinement altered cell shape, inducing a transition in morphology that resembled droplet interactions with a capillary vessel, from “wetting” (more adherent) at low confinement, to “nonwetting” (less adherent) at high confinement. This transition was marked by a change from negative to positive pressure by the cells to the confining walls, and an increase in migration speed. Second, we found that the SPAK pathway impacted the migration speed in different ways dependent upon the extent of wetting. For nonwetting cells, SPAK inhibition increased cell-surface tension and cotransporter activity. By contrast, for wetting cells, it also reduced myosin II and YAP phosphorylation. In both cases, membrane-to-cortex attachment is dramatically reduced. Thus, our results suggest that SPAK inhibition differentially coordinates cotransporter and cytoskeleton-induced forces, to impact glioblastoma migration depending on the extent of confinement.
MARCKS Effector Domain, a reversible lipid ligand, illuminates late stages of membrane fusion
Authors: Orr Amy , Wickner William
Published: September 2023

Yeast vacuolar HOPS tethers membranes, catalyzes trans-SNARE assembly between R- and Q-SNAREs, and shepherds SNAREs past early inhibition by Sec17. After partial SNARE zippering, fusion is driven slowly by either completion of SNARE zippering or by Sec17/Sec18, but rapid fusion needs zippering and Sec17/Sec18. Using reconstituted-vacuolar fusion, we find that MARCKS Effector Domain (MED) peptide, a lipid ligand, blocks fusion reversibly at a late reaction stage. The MED fusion blockade is overcome by either salt extraction, inactivation with the MED ligand calmodulin, or addition of Sec17/Sec18. During incubation with MED, SNAREs assemble stable complexes in trans and fusion becomes resistant to antibody to the Qa SNARE. When Q-SNAREs are preassembled, a synthetic tether can replace HOPS for fusion. With a synthetic tether, fusion needs both complete SNARE zippering and Sec17/Sec18 to overcome a MED block. In contrast, when SNARE domains are only two-third zippered, only HOPS will support Sec17/Sec18 driven fusion without needing complete zippering. HOPS thus remains engaged with SNAREs during zippering. MED facilitates the study of distinct fusion stages: tethering, initial trans-SNARE assembly and its sensitivity to Sec17, SNARE zippering, Sec17/Sec18 engagement, and lipid and lumenal mixing.
Nascent adhesions shorten the period of lamellipodium protrusion through the Brownian ratchet mechanism
Authors: Carney Keith R. , Khan Akib M. , Stam Samantha , Samson Shiela C. , Mittal Nikhil , Han Sangyoon J. , Bidone Tamara C. , Mendoza Michelle C.
Published: September 2023

Directional cell migration is driven by the conversion of oscillating edge motion into lasting periods of leading edge protrusion. Actin polymerization against the membrane and adhesions control edge motion, but the exact mechanisms that determine protrusion period remain elusive. We addressed this by developing a computational model in which polymerization of actin filaments against a deformable membrane and variable adhesion dynamics support edge motion. Consistent with previous reports, our model showed that actin polymerization and adhesion lifetime power protrusion velocity. However, increasing adhesion lifetime decreased the protrusion period. Measurements of adhesion lifetime and edge motion in migrating cells confirmed that adhesion lifetime is associated with and promotes protrusion velocity, but decreased duration. Our model showed that adhesions’ control of protrusion persistence originates from the Brownian ratchet mechanism for actin filament polymerization. With longer adhesion lifetime or increased-adhesion density, the proportion of actin filaments tethered to the substrate increased, maintaining filaments against the cell membrane. The reduced filament-membrane distance generated pushing force for high edge velocity, but limited further polymerization needed for protrusion duration. We propose a mechanism for cell edge protrusion in which adhesion strength regulates actin filament polymerization to control the periods of leading edge protrusion.
Multi-omics regulatory network inference in the presence of missing data
Authors: Henao Juan D , Lauber Michael , Azevedo Manuel , Grekova Anastasiia , Theis Fabian , List Markus , Ogris Christoph , Schubert Benjamin
Published: September 2023

A key problem in systems biology is the discovery of regulatory mechanisms that drive phenotypic behaviour of complex biological systems in the form of multi-level networks. Modern multi-omics profiling techniques probe these fundamental regulatory networks but are often hampered by experimental restrictions leading to missing data or partially measured omics types for subsets of individuals due to cost restrictions. In such scenarios, in which missing data is present, classical computational approaches to infer regulatory networks are limited. In recent years, approaches have been proposed to infer sparse regression models in the presence of missing information. Nevertheless, these methods have not been adopted for regulatory network inference yet. In this study, we integrated regression-based methods that can handle missingness into KiMONo, a Knowledge guided Multi-Omics Network inference approach, and benchmarked their performance on commonly encountered missing data scenarios in single- and multi-omics studies. Overall, two-step approaches that explicitly handle missingness performed best for a wide range of random- and block-missingness scenarios on imbalanced omics-layers dimensions, while methods implicitly handling missingness performed best on balanced omics-layers dimensions. Our results show that robust multi-omics network inference in the presence of missing data with KiMONo is feasible and thus allows users to leverage available multi-omics data to its full extent.
Identifying potential small molecule–miRNA associations via Robust PCA based on γ-norm regularization
Authors: Wang Shudong , Ren Chuanru , Zhang Yulin , Li Yunyin , Pang Shanchen , Song Tao
Published: September 2023

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is closely associated with refractory human diseases, and the identification of potential associations between small molecule (SM) drugs and miRNAs can provide valuable insights for clinical treatment. Existing computational techniques for inferring potential associations suffer from limitations in terms of accuracy and efficiency. To address these challenges, we devise a novel predictive model called RPCA$\Gamma $NR, in which we propose a new Robust principal component analysis (PCA) framework based on $\gamma $-norm and $l_{2,1}$-norm regularization and design an Augmented Lagrange Multiplier method to optimize it, thereby deriving the association scores. The Gaussian Interaction Profile Kernel Similarity is calculated to capture the similarity information of SMs and miRNAs in known associations. Through extensive evaluation, including Cross Validation Experiments, Independent Validation Experiment, Efficiency Analysis, Ablation Experiment, Matrix Sparsity Analysis, and Case Studies, RPCA$\Gamma $NR outperforms state-of-the-art models concerning accuracy, efficiency and robustness. In conclusion, RPCA$\Gamma $NR can significantly streamline the process of determining SM–miRNA associations, thus contributing to advancements in drug development and disease treatment.
Value exclusion in social–scientific approaches for assessing and valuing ecosystem features: Implications for behavioral compliance
Authors: Asah Stanley T , Maris Virginie , Subramanian Sunneetha M , Blahna Dale J , Stenseke Marie , Chacón-Cascante Adrina
Published: September 2023

Value inclusion is critical for effective ecosystem science policy and largely emerged from critiques of the value-exclusionary attributes of ecological and economic approaches to value assessments and valuations. But whether and how value is excluded during social–scientific approaches to the assessments and valuations of ecosystem features has not received adequate attention. We identify and discuss instances of when and how value is excluded during social–scientific approaches to the assessments and valuations of ecosystem features to which people ascribe value. We illustrate the implications of value exclusion on social compliance with ecosystem management and policy recommendations, a vital overlooked aspect of policy effectiveness. We also extend the meaning of value exclusion beyond value omission to include misidentification and misattribution of salience to valued ecosystem features. We offer suggestions for enabling value inclusion where ways to minimize exclusion are inapparent.
Beyond ‘Global Good Samaritans’: Transnational Human Rights Obligations
Authors: Erdem Türkelli Gamze , Krajewski Markus , Vandenhole Wouter
Published: September 2023

What we mean by human rights remains perhaps too anchored in the international legal frameworks that took shape after the Second World War. Those legal frameworks tend to take a myopic view on human rights duty-bearers. If human rights are to remain relevant for core societal challenges, such as climate change, exploitation of natural resources, or increasing inequalities, we need a better understanding of how human rights can engage more explicitly and effectively with power and inequitable and unjust global socioeconomic and political structures. Over the last 15 years, an ever increasing number of scholars and practitioners of human rights have been seeking to identify other duty-bearers beyond the territorial state, ranging from foreign states and international organizations to companies, in an effort to expand the relevance of human rights law in the quest towards global justice. This article identifies key challenges, takes stock of the current state of affairs, and suggests future directions for human rights law in tackling global structural inequities and injustices.
Human Rights and Peacebuilding: Bridging the Gap
Authors: Hillert Lina
Published: September 2023

In view of academic and policy discussions about a persisting gap between human rights and peacebuilding in the UN system, this article examines how peacebuilding has been integrated into the work of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC). The analysis draws on interviews with UN Member State attachés and representatives of non-governmental organizations, as well as a range of HRC documents focusing on Myanmar between 2006 and 2021. The findings complement the existing academic literature with nuanced insights into the interaction between human rights and peacebuilding practitioners from a human rights, institutional perspective. The analysis reveals that the HRC is aware of the link between human rights and peacebuilding, implicitly supports peacebuilding and seeks to strengthen institutional cooperation through the prevention resolutions. However, despite efforts to increase engagement, explicit linkages and coordination with the UN’s peacebuilding institutions in New York remain rare. Institutional silos, concerns about sovereignty and mandate overlap, fears of politicization as well as a lack of political will and capacity constraints present obstacles to cooperation. This article points to the need for a better information flow and stronger interaction between human rights and peacebuilding actors in Geneva and New York to enhance mutual understanding. Improving synergies between human rights and peacebuilding institutions in Geneva and New York is key to bridging the overall gap between human rights and peacebuilding—both in policy and practice.
BCG vaccination induces innate immune memory in γδ T cells in humans
Authors: Suen Tsz K , Moorlag Simone J C F M , Li Wenchao , de Bree L Charlotte J , Koeken Valerie A C M , Mourits Vera P , Dijkstra Helga , Lemmers Heidi , Bhat Jaydeep , Xu Cheng-Jian , Joosten Leo A B , Schultze Joachim L , Li Yang , Placek Katarzyna , Netea Mihai G
Published: September 2023

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine is well known for inducing trained immunity in myeloid and natural killer cells, which can explain its cross-protective effect against heterologous infections. Although displaying functional characteristics of both adaptive and innate immunity, γδ T-cell memory has been only addressed in a pathogen-specific context. In this study, we aimed to determine whether human γδ T cells can mount trained immunity and therefore contribute to the cross-protective effect of the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine. We investigated in vivo induction of innate memory in γδ T cells by Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination in healthy human volunteers by combining single-cell RNA sequencing technology with immune functional assays. The total number of γδ T cells and membrane markers of activation was not influenced by Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination. In contrast, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin changed γδ T cells’ transcriptional programs and increased their responsiveness to heterologous bacterial and fungal stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide and Candida albicans, as simultaneously characterized by higher tumor necrosis factor and interferon γ production, weeks after vaccination. Human γδ T cells in adults display the potential to develop a trained immunity phenotype after Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination.
Models and methods for analysing clustered recurrent hospitalisations in the presence of COVID-19 effects
Authors: Ding Xuemei , He Kevin , Kalbfleisch John D
Published: September 2023

Recurrent events such as hospitalisations are outcomes that can be used to monitor dialysis facilities’ quality of care. However, current methods are not adequate to analyse data from many facilities with multiple hospitalisations, especially when adjustments are needed for multiple time scales. It is also controversial whether direct or indirect standardisation should be used in comparing facilities. This study is motivated by the need of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to evaluate US dialysis facilities using Medicare claims, which involve almost 8,000 facilities and over 500,000 dialysis patients. This scope is challenging for current statistical software’s computational power. We propose a method that has a flexible baseline rate function and is computationally efficient. Additionally, the proposed method shares advantages of both indirect and direct standardisation. The method is evaluated under a range of simulation settings and demonstrates substantially improved computational efficiency over the existing R package survival. Finally, we illustrate the method with an important application to monitoring dialysis facilities in the U.S., while making time-dependent adjustments for the effects of COVID-19.
Element Depletion Due to Missing Boundary Fluorescence in Electron Probe Microanalysis: The Case of Ni in Olivine
Authors: Llovet Xavier , Gavrilenko Maxim , Batanova Valentina G , Sobolev Alexander V
Published: September 2023

Secondary fluorescence (SF) is known to be a potential source of error in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) when analyzing for a trace or minor element near a phase boundary. This often overlooked effect leads to a concentration enhancement whenever the neighboring phase contains a high concentration of the analyzed element. Here we show that SF may also lead to a concentration decrease, which can be mistakenly interpreted as a depletion. To examine this issue, we compare Ni profiles measured on well-characterized, homogeneous olivine [(Mg,Fe)2SiO4] grains embedded in basaltic glass, with semi-analytical calculations and numerical simulations of SF across phase boundaries. We find that the Ni content consistently decreases with decreasing distance to the interface or grain radius, deviating from the expected concentration by ∼2–5% at 10 μm from the interface. This decrease is explained by the lower bremsstrahlung fluorescence emitted from the sample as compared to that emitted from the standard. The analytical error due to boundary fluorescence affecting other elements of petrologic importance in olivine is discussed.
B/PS bulges and barlenses from a kinematic viewpoint – I
Authors: Zakharova Daria , Tikhonenko Iliya S , Sotnikova Natalia Ya , Smirnov Anton A
Published: September 2023

A significant part of barred disc galaxies exhibits boxy/peanut-shaped structures (B/PS bulges) at high inclinations. Another structure also associated with the bar is a barlens, often observed in galaxies in a position close to face-on. At this viewing angle, special kinematic tests are required to detect a 3D extension of the bars in the vertical direction (B/PS bulges). We use four pure N-body models of galaxies with B/PS bulges, which have different bar morphology from bars with barlenses to the so-called face-on peanut bars. We analyse the kinematics of our models to establish how the structural features of B/PS bulges manifest themselves in the kinematics for galaxies at intermediate inclinations and whether these features are related to the barlenses. We apply the dissection of the bar into different orbital groups to determine which of them are responsible for the features of the LOSVD (line-of-sight velocity distribution), i.e. for the deep minima of the h4 parameter along the major axis of the bar. As a result, we claim that for our models at the face-on position, the kinematic signatures of a ‘peanut’ indeed track the vertical density distribution features. We conclude that orbits responsible for such kinematic signatures differ from model to model. We pay special attention to the barlens model. We show that orbits assembled into barlens are not responsible for the kinematic signatures of B/PS bulges. The results presented in this work are applicable to the interpretation of IFU observations of real galaxies.